bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquiring Polish noun inflection: Two children’s productivity and error patterns in relation to parental input
Authors: Price-Williams David , Davies Matt
Published: October 2022

Complex systems of inflectional morphology provide a useful testing ground for input-based language acquisition theories. Two analyses were performed on a high-density (12%) naturalistic sample of two Polish-English children’s (2;0 and 3;11) and their parents’ use of Polish noun inflection: first, each child’s use of inflectional affixes and their lexical restrictedness was compared with their father’s equalised sample. Second, the children’s spontaneous case-marking errors were analysed in context and measured against type and token frequencies in both parents’ data and the child-directed speech (CDS) corpus. Findings in both analyses accord with constructivist theory: near adult-like knowledge of Polish inflections hiding a range of use that is more lexically restricted than in their caregivers’ speech; low error rates hiding much higher ‘pockets of ignorance’ for specific inflectional contexts; and patterns of error that correspond closely to token/type frequencies in the CDS, though with the older sibling making some errors that were not frequency-based. Potential effects of syncretism, case ambiguity and semantics are also discussed.
Nasal Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma Imitating Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Chou Yu-Pu , Hsieh Li-Chun , Chen Tung-Ying , Wang Ying-Piao
Published: October 2022

Nasal extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is a lethal disease due to poor prognosis with rapid progress. A 56-year-old man complained of left nasal obstruction and blood-stained nasal drip for two months. Incisional biopsies were performed at the outpatient department three times, and the diagnosis of SCC was made. The patient underwent wide excision of the entire lesion via endoscopic sinus surgery with navigation. Final pathologic report revealed NNKTL. Pathological examination of the tumor revealed overlying epithelium presenting as pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which mimicked SCC invasion, with infiltration of atypical lymphocytes in the deeper sections. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of NNKTL. Chemoradiotherapy was administered, and a complete response was achieved at the two-year follow-up. The correct diagnosis of NNKTL is essential for prompt treatment and prevention of superfluous surgery. Although the link between PEH and NNKTL may lead to a misdiagnosis of SCC, multiple large and deep biopsies can prevent this dilemma. A biopsy showing ulceration or necrosis can indicate PEH and imply potential malignancy. Repeated biopsies and complete immunohistochemical studies are important for diagnosing NNKTL.
Design Parameters for Planning the Sample Size of Individual-Level Randomized Controlled Trials in Community Colleges
Authors: Somers Marie-Andrée , Weiss Michael J. , Hill Colin
Published: October 2022

The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in community colleges. Yet, there is limited empirical information on the design parameters necessary to plan the sample size for RCTs in this context. For a blocked student-level random assignment research design, key design parameters for the minimum detectable true effect (MDTE) are the within-block outcome standard deviation [Formula: see text] and the within-block outcome variance explained by baseline covariates like student characteristics [Formula: see text]. We provide empirical estimates of these key design parameters, discussing the pattern of estimates across outcomes (enrollment, credits earned, credential attainment, and grade point average), semesters, and studies. The main analyses use student-level data from 8 to 14 RCTs including 5,649–7,099 students (depending on the outcome) with follow-up data for 3 years. The following patterns are observed: the within-block standard deviation [Formula: see text] and therefore the MDTE can be much larger in later semesters for enrollment outcomes and cumulative credits earned; there is substantial variation across studies in [Formula: see text] for degree attainment; and baseline covariates explain less than 10% of the variation in student outcomes. These findings indicate that when planning the sample size for a study, researchers should be mindful of the follow-up period, use a range of values to calculate the MDTE for outcomes that vary across studies, and assume a value of [Formula: see text] between 0 and 0.05. A public database created for this paper includes parameter estimates for additional RCTs and students.
Collective and collaborative actions among peers in school as a form of cultural resistance of Mapuche children in La Araucanía, Chile
Authors: Alarcón Ana M. , Alonqueo Paula , Hidalgo-Standen Carolina , Castro Marcela
Published: October 2022

Based on a participant observation, this article reports children actions and activities that may identified as ways of cultural resistance in the school. Three elementary rural schools participated in this study. The research team visited each school taking field notes during school routines. The analysis consisted of textual and conceptual codification of the three contexts in which the mapuche children deployed their patterns of cultural interaction. The results demonstrated that despite the traditional school system, mapuche children display their own patterns of cultural interaction to promote collaboration, collective organization and supporting and care for others. This work invites us to questioning the ways in which the learning strategies of the western school, are suitable to the mapuche indigenous children. In order to be effective in education, we must integrate the cultural framework of family learning. Thus, may be necessary, to deconstruct hegemonic teaching practices that stimulate individualism instead cooperation.
The effectiveness of embodied prosodic training in L2 accentedness and vowel accuracy
Authors: Li Peng , Baills Florence , Baqué Lorraine , Prieto Pilar
Published: October 2022

This study explores the effects of embodied prosodic training on the production of non-native French front rounded vowels (i.e. /y, ø, œ/) and the overall pronunciation proficiency. Fifty-seven Catalan learners of French practiced pronunciation in one of two conditions: one group observed hand gestures embodying prosodic features of the sentences they were listening to, while the other group did not see any such gestures. The learning outcome was assessed in a pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest through a dialogue-reading task and a sentence imitation task in terms of accentedness, comprehensibility and fluency scores, and through formant analysis of participant-produced target vowels. The results showed that compared to non-embodied training, embodied prosodic training yielded continuous improvement in accentedness in both tasks and improved the F2 values of French front rounded vowels (more fronted). As for comprehensibility and fluency scores, both groups showed similar levels of significant improvement. This study highlights the interaction between prosodic and segmental features of speech by showing that training with embodied prosodic features benefitted accentedness and the production accuracy of non-native vowels.
The art of ignoring others’ work among academics: A guessing game model of scholarly information search
Authors: Sokolov Mikhail
Published: October 2022

Why do scholars pay attention to some works, but not others? This article explores a theoretical model in which scholars search the literature to make sure that their findings are new to their immediate audience. Within the present model, individuals easily disregard literatures of which their audiences are probably unaware. Institutionally organized audiences thus serve as enforcers of the information search. Their members may tacitly collaborate in maintaining unawareness of intellectual developments outside of their common attention space. This model allows us to explain phenomena on which earlier models fail – for example why academics sometimes ignore apparently relevant sources of information or how groups of scholars turn into bubbles, censoring information about findings made in the outside world.
Understanding the Self-Harming Behavior of Filipino Male Detainees (32–58 Years Old): A Descriptive Phenomenology
Authors: Clemente-Faustino Julie Ann R. , de Guzman Allan B.
Published: October 2022

Self-harming behavior (SHB) has become a significant health issue among several populations, including adolescents, traumatized individuals, and persons deprived of liberty. Undoubtedly, incarceration takes a toll on inmates’ mental health due to several stressful experiences while in custody. These taxing events make them vulnerable to maladaptive coping strategies, such as SHB. To date, many studies on this behavior have focused on high-income countries. Research has not explored much on this behavior among inmates in developing countries such as the Philippines. This phenomenological inquiry aims to characterize the experiences of select older male Filipino detainees engaged in SHB. Through vertical and horizontal analyses of the narratives shared, this study conceptualized the Self-Harming Behavior of Older Filipino Detainees as Tension and Compression. This model shows the forces that either pull or push the detainees to engage in self-injurious acts. Specifically, the seven themes surfaced: life dispositions, jail ecology, emotional baggage, physically and chemically-induced self-harming behavior, consequences, coping strategies, and cognizance. Findings from this inquiry may necessitate the provision of adequate and comprehensive prevention and intervention services for the self-harmers in jail, which are geared toward implementing a thorough psychological evaluation and promoting sound psychological well-being.
The Moderating Roles of Resilience and Coping Strategy on Well-Being of Victimized Forensic Workers
Authors: Rou Caroline , Janković Marija , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: October 2022

Previous research on workplace victimization has often disregarded forensic psychiatric populations and not yet been extended to the coronavirus pandemic. The present study expected the isolation of the government-issued lockdown to increase aggressive behavior in forensic patients, ultimately decreasing the general well-being of victimized forensic workers. Possible buffering protective factors (resilience and active coping) and enhancing risk factors (avoidant coping and passive coping) were investigated with the intention of optimizing the general well-being of at-risk forensic workers. The valid sample ( N = 311) consisted of Dutch and Belgian forensic workers (74.6% females) with at least 9 hours of weekly patient contact, and with a mean age of 37.99 ( SD = 12.20). Participants reported the number of violent incidents in the past 2 months, as well as completed a questionnaire battery including measures of well-being, resilience, and coping strategies. A significant increase of victimization during the lockdown compared to after it was lifted was found, however, the study did not find evidence to support that this negatively influenced the worker’s general well-being. Active coping was found to be a significant moderator and protective factor for the general well-being of victimized forensic workers. In contrast, resilience, avoidant and passive coping were not significant moderators in this association. The present study has valuable clinical implications that could lead to preparatory and preventative measures for forensic workers at risk of being victimized. Future research may investigate constructs such as life satisfaction and post-traumatic growth, as well as be broadened into prison populations.
Experiencing Burnout: John Henryism, Gender Role Conflict, and Anxiety Among Incarcerated Black Men
Authors: Dogan Jardin N. , Stevens-Watkins Danelle , Miller-Roenigk Brittany , Marshburn Christopher K. , Moody Myles D.
Published: October 2022

At the intersection of race and gender, Black men encounter conflicting and often stress-inducing gender norms. Research suggests Black men may utilize John Henryism Active Coping (JHAC), a culturally-relevant strategy to manage stress. However, little is known about how incarcerated Black men cope with gender role conflict (GRC) and resulting psychological distress. To better understand stressors and coping strategies among Black male prisoners, the current study examined the relationships between GRC, anxiety, and JHAC among N = 193 incarcerated Black men nearing community reentry. Hierarchical linear regression results showed length of incarceration, GRC, and anxiety were all negatively associated with JHAC. Full-time employment prior to incarceration was positively associated with JHAC. Moderation analyses indicated anxiety increased the strength of the negative association between GRC and JHAC. Implications highlight incarcerated Black men may benefit from interventions that encourage active coping strategies to manage gender-related stress and anxiety.
From social bloc to historical bloc: Politics, social relations and ideology in political economy
Authors: Avigur-Eshel Amit , Filc Dani
Published: October 2022

The way that the economy, politics and ideology interact to maintain stability or bring about change is a central concern for political economy. The social bloc perspective, as elaborated by Amable and Palombarini, provides a promising framework with which to address this question due to its attempt to combine an emphasis on the economic structure with a more central role for politics and ideology. This article argues, however, that the social bloc perspective still retains a rather functional understanding of these two concepts. We contend that a neo-Gramscian approach focusing on hegemonic struggles and adopting a complex conceptualisation of class can overcome these functionalist tendencies, because it perceives politics and ideology as crucial factors in the formation of social groups and the emergence and actions of social blocs. We further claim that a neo-Gramscian approach has broader applicability. To ground our claims empirically, we analyse a case which cannot be accounted for by the social bloc perspective. This is a case in which two social blocs composing different social groups with rivalling worldviews shared some meaningful ideological beliefs and cooperated politically to realise them.
Annual Foot Exams are Associated with Reduced Incident Amputation among Older Veterans with Diabetes
Authors: Allen Latricia L. , Khakharia Anjali , Phillips Lawrence S. , Johnson Theodore M. , Uphold Constance R. , Perkins Molly M. , Vaughan Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

We conducted a secondary data analysis to evaluate the association between annual foot exams and incident lower extremity amputations (LEA) among older veterans with diabetes during FY2007–FY2014. Older Veterans with at least one primary care provider visit each year (N = 664,162) and at least one foot exam each year (N = 72,892) and the overlap were identified from the 5 years prior to the study period of interest (FY2002–FY2006 (N = 71,122)). After excluding incident LEA related to cancer and trauma, 71,018 veterans (mean age +/− SD, % male) were included in the final cohort, which was followed from FY2007–FY2014 to evaluate the influence of subsequent annual foot exams and incident LEA. Consistent annual foot exams were protective for incident LEA in older veterans with diabetes, adjusted OR was 0.85 (97% CI: 0.74–0.96). Results indicate that adherence to annual foot exam guidelines can reduce incident LEA in older veterans with diabetes.
The Role of Ageism in Climate Change Worries and Willingness to Act
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Roy Senjooti
Published: October 2022

This study examined the association of negative ageist prescriptive expectations regarding older people with worries about climate change and willingness to act. An online survey was completed by 250 Australians over the age 18. Higher levels of ageism (e.g., negative prescriptive views towards older people) were associated with fears about the impact of climate change on one’s life, worries about the impact of climate change on older members of the family, and willingness to pay higher taxes to fight climate change. Holding more negative prescriptive views towards older people can serve as an incentive to act and at the same time carries an emotional negative valence associated with concerns and worries about the impact of climate change. Although willingness to act and concerns about climate change may inspire adaptation and mitigation efforts, it is important to ensure that they are not tied to ageism.
Differential Response to Corporate Political Advocacy and Corporate Social Responsibility: Implications for Political Polarization and Radicalization
Authors: Weber T.J. , Joireman Jeff , Sprott David E. , Hydock Chris
Published: October 2022

In recent years, firms have become increasingly involved in sociopolitical issues via corporate political advocacy (CPA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) while consumers have become more politically polarized and skeptical of political institutions. Merging these developments, the present work examines similarities and differences in response to CPA and CSR, and the implications for consumer polarization and radicalization. Utilizing three studies across numerous domains, the authors demonstrate that (1) CPA results in increased negative sentiment and CSR results in increased positive sentiment on social media; (2) relative to CSR, CPA results in more negative and polarized reactions due to the controversial nature of CPA; and (3) polarized responses to CPA are stronger among consumers lower in political efficacy. Together, the findings shed light on the distinction between CPA and CSR and illustrate how (and among whom) CPA may contribute to polarization and radicalization via negative sentiment expressed through social media and consumer actions. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions are detailed.
Coupling Between Subregional Oscillators Within the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Determines Free-Running Period in the Rat
Authors: Schwartz Michael D. , Cambras Trinitat , Díez-Noguera Antoni , Campuzano Ana , Oda Gisele A. , Yamazaki Shin , de la Iglesia Horacio O.
Published: October 2022

Rats housed in a 22-h light-dark cycle (11:11, T22) exhibit 2 distinct circadian locomotor activity (LMA) bouts simultaneously: one is entrained to the LD cycle and a second dissociated bout maintains a period greater than 24 h. These 2 activity bouts are associated with independent clock gene oscillations in the ventrolateral (vl-) and dorsomedial (dm-) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), respectively. Previous results in our laboratory have shown that the vl- and dm-SCN oscillators are weakly coupled under T22 and that the period of the dissociated bout depends on coupling between the 2 subdivisions. Here, we sought to study the behavior of the T22 SCN pacemaker upon release into free-running conditions and compare it to the behavior of the system upon release from typical 24-h (12:12, T24) entrainment. T22-desynchronized rats or T24-entrained rats were released into constant darkness (DD). Activity rhythms in T22 rats rapidly resynchronized upon release into DD, and the free-running period (FRP) of the fused rhythm was longer than the FRP of T24 rats. We then asked whether the in vivo period changes were also present in the ex vivo SCN. Per1-luc rats were desynchronized in T22 for assessment of SCN Per1-luc ex vivo. Similar to behavioral FRP, the period of ex vivo SCN explanted from T22 rats was longer than that for T24 animals. Mathematical models supported the observed behavior of the dual oscillator system as the result of mutual coupling between the vl- and dm-SCN oscillators. This bidirectionally coupled model predicted both the FRP of the T22 system and its phase-shifting response to light. Together, these data support a model of pacemaker organization in which a light-sensitive vl-SCN oscillator is mutually coupled with a light-insensitive dm-SCN oscillator, and together they determine the period of the coupled system as a whole and its response to light pulses.
The long and winding road towards the EU policy of support to Member States public administration reform: History (2000–2021) and prospects
Authors: Ongaro Edoardo
Published: October 2022

This paper provides an account of how the European Union (EU), and notably the European Commission (EC), has become an actor in its own right in the field of the reform of administration and public services management in Europe, by developing an approach to support Member States in their initiatives to improve public administration and public services. We qualify this process – occurred over the period 2000-2021, with a tremendous acceleration in the second decade – as a twofold paradigmatic change: because (i) this is a novel field of action for the EU itself; and because (ii) the very logic driving the EU role shifted dramatically from a logic of conditionality (or compliance with aspects of the acquis) in the early phase to a radically different logic of enabling and facilitating administrative reforms, on the ground, in a later phase and prospectively. We interpret the paradigmatic shift that has occurred through a combination of theoretical perspectives: policy learning; policy entrepreneurship within the Commission; the opening of an opportunity window for policy change to occur; and the consolidation of a new policy sub-system in the field. We deem this change to constitute a step forward in the process of European integration.
An experimental investigation on the tensile properties of PEEK-PEI sandwich structures prepared via fused filament fabrication
Authors: Wang Zhaogui , Yin Xiuzeng , Wang Lihan
Published: October 2022

High-temperature-resistant thermoplastics, e.g., Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherimide (PEI), exhibit much more superior material properties than conventional plastics. They are recently becoming favorable feedstock materials in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing applications, which yields a low-cost and high-efficient approach providing complex parts and tooling. This paper fabricates the PEEK-PEI combined sandwich structures by properly alternating the fed material during FFF processes, aiming to combine the benefits of both materials. This is considered one of the first few attempts to prepare high-performance thermoplastics-based sandwich samples via the FFF method. The specimens are designed as three-layer and five-layer sandwiches (i.e., each “layer” contain a unique material). In addition, the printed samples are post-processed via a thermal annealing treatment. Experimental results show that the sandwich specimens exhibit higher surface quality than independently printed PEEK materials. The PEI material can be printed in 100% infill density in sandwich structures, while it can be rarely printed independently with infill densities exceeding 40%. Annealing may not enhance the mechanical properties of sandwich specimens while stabilizing their mechanical performances. Under the same PEEK/PEI volumetric ratio (i.e., 1:1), increasing the number of alternating stack layers improves the tensile strength of the sandwich specimens by up to 17%. The sandwich printing method is also cost-effective, such that the five-layer sandwich specimen provides competitive tensile performance as compared to the virgin PEEK material. At the same time, its cost is only ∼60% of all-PEEK specimens.
Dynamic surface control based on observer for a class of nonlinear systems with Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis
Authors: Wang Sanxiu
Published: October 2022

Unknown hysteresis characteristics can seriously affect control accuracy, resulting in system oscillation and instability. This study explored a dynamic surface control (DSC) method according to disturbance observer for a type of uncertain nonlinear system with unknown Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis. First, DSC is adopted for the trajectory tracking control, which solves the “differential explosion” in the traditional backstepping control scheme and simplifies the structure of the controller. Then, an observer is introduced to monitor the hysteresis, effectively suppressing the effect of the hysteresis features on the system and achieving accurate tracking of the system. The scheme proposed in this study is confirmed to be effective based on the simulation results.
Influence of tip clearance inclination on the performance of axial flow impeller in storage mode
Authors: Zhu Di , Jin Faye , Hu Zilong , Luo Yongyao , Tao Ran
Published: October 2022

Tidal energy is one of the most mature energy sources used in all kinds of ocean energy. Axial flow impeller plays a key role in converting potential energy and kinetic energy of seawater into electric energy. In this study, aiming at the problem of three different clearance inclination in axial flow impeller, the axial flow impeller is studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that the efficiency first decreases rapidly, then fluctuates within a certain range, and then decreases rapidly as the inclination changes from negative to positive. When the positive inclination is larger, the axial force and radial force are smaller. Meanwhile, the length of the clearance leakage vortex and the included angle with the axial direction are smaller. This paper provides a reference for improving the utilization efficiency of tidal energy. It also has guiding significance for the design of axial flow impeller.
Nice work if you can get it: Labour market pathways of Belgian service voucher workers
Authors: Lens Dries , Marx Ive , Oslejová Jarmila , Mussche Ninke
Published: October 2022

Seen as an alternative to precarious, informal work or no job at all, several European countries have started to use tax money to boost the demand for domestic services. This article asks whether this makes sense. We consider the case of the heavily subsidized and highly popular service voucher scheme in Belgium. Close to a quarter of households there employ domestic service workers under the scheme, making it in relative terms the largest scheme of its kind in Europe. The workers employed under the scheme enjoy extensive labour and social security rights. Does the service voucher scheme provide a model to be followed if we care about labour market exclusion and precariousness or is this a case of institutionalized second-tier work? To that end we trace workers’ labour market pathways over a considerable length of time. We find that a substantial share of women find a way out of vulnerable labour market situations through the scheme. However, a very significant number enter from steady employment. This is clearly at odds with the original objective of offering a stepping stone to women with a precarious labour market position. The scheme also plays an ambivalent role in the labour market integration process of immigrant newcomers. At least in part, the Belgian scheme can be seen as a case of policy overshooting. We suggest some potential improvements.
Exertional hemolysis and hematuria in a Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Saint-Pierre Laurence M. , Burkitt-Creedon Jamie M. , H. Alonso Flavio , Wun Matthew K.
Published: October 2022

A 7-y-old male Labrador Retriever dog was presented because of acute onset of dark-colored urine after a hunting session the day prior. Moderate hemoglobinemia was observed, associated with transient hemoglobinuria and hematuria with no concurrent evidence of underlying urinary tract disease. The patient’s clinical signs resolved within 36 h post-exercise without specific treatment. The concurrent occurrence of exertional hemolysis and hematuria in a dog is uncommon; these conditions are commonly reported separately in human athletes.
Polyorchidism in a cat
Authors: Lohr Bryan R. , Lieske Danielle E. , Parry Nicola M.
Published: October 2022

A 9-mo-old, male domestic shorthair cat was presented for castration because of mounting behavior observed by the owner. On physical examination, the cat was bilaterally cryptorchid, but had penile spines. Abdominal exploration through a midline laparotomy revealed 2 pairs of masses. All 4 masses had gross features of testes, and ranged from 7 × 5 × 5 mm to 12 × 6 × 7 mm, with associated epididymal tissue. Histologically, each mass contained seminiferous tubules consistent with testicular tissue, and epididymal tubules, confirming a diagnosis of polyorchidism; deferent ducts were not found. There was no evidence of neoplastic, infectious, or inflammatory disease. Mounting behavior ceased 4 wk post-surgery. Histologic confirmation of more than 2 testes is needed to establish a diagnosis of polyorchidism, a rare congenital anomaly that has been reported infrequently in the veterinary literature; reports have been of animals with triorchidism, with the exception of 1 cat with 4 intraabdominal testes. Our report emphasizes that, although rare, polyorchidism should be considered in cryptorchid cats, or whenever penile spines are present in a previously castrated cat. Our case also highlights the value of checking for penile spines in a bilaterally cryptorchid cat if abdominal ultrasound is not an option to aid in surgical planning.
Regulation and state capacity
Authors: Chowdhury Arjun
Published: October 2022

While one might expect states with low capacity to regulate less than states with high capacity, this is not supported by evidence, leaving open the possibility of rent-seeking. I use the example of the regulation of witchcraft in parts of Africa to informally model the conditions under which states with low capacity still come to promulgate a range of regulations even in the absence of rent-seeking interests. The model suggests that regulation can be a substitute for basic state functions like policing. I identify one normatively troubling aspect of this; the conditions under which such regulation might still improve state capacity over time, which qualifies claims made about rent-seeking and neo-patrimonialism; the model’s implications for contemporary state formation; and the parallels between the regulation of witchcraft and the regulation of offensive speech.
Developing and Implementing Entrustable Professional Activities to Prepare Global Nurses
Authors: Spies Lori A. , Feutz Kristi
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Nurses work in global settings and must be prepared to enter practice and provide culturally appropriate care to diverse populations. As faculty we want to ensure the achievement of programmatic, national, and global competencies for our student’s successful future practice.

Methods:

Aligning current programs with American Association of Colleges of Nursing’s (AACN) New Essentials provides an opportunity to consider new approaches and address challenges. By merging the New Essentials with the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) competencies, we facilitate the achievement of programmatic outcomes, mission, and values in nursing education.

Results:

Using an entrustable professional activities framework provides a clear measure of achieving priority competencies. We created an approach other faculty might find helpful.

Discussion:

Entrustable professional activities, well established in medical education, are emerging as a valuable tool to measure the achievement of competencies in the preparation of nurses.
Development of the Social and Emotional Competence Assessment Battery for Adults
Authors: Oliveira Sofia , Roberto Magda Sofia , Veiga-Simão Ana Margarida , Marques-Pinto Alexandra
Published: October 2022

Literature has emphasized the urgency of investing in the promotion of Social and Emotional Competence (SEC) in adults. Therefore, the development of a theoretically grounded and developmentally adjusted measure that adequately assesses SEC in its different domains is needed. This study aimed to develop a self-report battery for the assessment of adults’ SEC. Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Social and Emotional Competence Assessment Battery for Adults (SECAB-A) were assessed. Seven-hundred and ninety-six adults (80.7% female) completed the SECAB-A. A subsample of 63 elementary school teachers (92.1% female) participated at two points in time and also completed external measures assessing affect, emotion regulation, and burnout symptoms, thus making it possible to test for test–retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validities. Despite sample size variation, no statistically significant differences between groups were found for the SECAB-A scales. Extraction of factors and confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized factorial structures. Coefficient omegas suggested adequate internal consistency and scores were highly correlated between the two data collection waves, also ensuring adequate test–retest reliability. There was also evidence of the SECAB-A’s convergent and discriminant validities against the external measures. Results from this study indicate that the SECAB-A is a promising measure for the adult population. Nevertheless, additional criterion-related and construct validity research is needed.
Estimation of the ultrasonic time-of-flight for evaluating the axial force acting on bolt/nut assemblies under various mechanical and thermal conditions
Authors: Lee Eun-Song , Choi Sung Won , Kang Lae-Hyong
Published: October 2022

The ultrasonic testing method is a prospective technique adopted for measuring the axial force acting on a bolt; the method is a nondestructive testing method employed for structural health monitoring. In ultrasonic testing, the ultrasonic time of flight (ToF) is obtained, and the axial force is computed using the mathematical relationship between the ultrasonic ToF and the axial force acting on the bolt. Therefore, it is essential to accurately compute the axial force from the ToF. However, existing theoretical equations do not reflect actual scenarios that bolt/nut assemblies may encounter under varying mechanical and thermal conditions. Therefore, the practical application of this method in engineering practices is limited. Establishing a mathematical relationship by considering mechanical and thermal deformation could serve as a fundamental solution for providing more accurate axial force measurement results in ultrasonic testing. In this study, we proposed calibration equations that could be applied to various types of bolts, which are primarily used in mechanical components. The calibration coefficients obtained from the experiments were substituted into the theoretical equations to improve the estimation accuracy of the ultrasonic ToF. Additionally, we compared the experimental results acquired using various types of bolts: M8, M10, M12, and M14, with the results obtained from the theoretical equations using the calibration coefficients. It was verified that it could make the axial force measurement of the bolt accurate as a calibration of the change of the ToF by the bolt deformation from the mechanically stressed region and the thermal conditions with 8.8% error. We expect that the theoretically and experimentally verified calibration equations can improve the reliability and robustness of mechanical components.
A dynamic systems methodological approach to understanding the collaborative nature of joint attention in early childhood settings
Authors: Jacobson Sarah , Degotardi Sheila
Published: October 2022

In this article, we present a dynamic systems theoretical and methodological approach to investigating joint attention in early childhood (EC) centres. Joint attention, defined as a social interaction in which child and caregiver share a common focus of attention, is an important interactive context for collaborative learning. We overview the principles of dynamics systems theory and explain how these principles conceptualise joint attention as emerging from synchronised, ‘in-the-moment’ interactions between child and educator. Drawing on data from a project investigating the dynamic nature of joint attention in infant EC rooms, state space grids (SSGs) are then presented as a research tool that graphically captures and represents the mutually influencing contributions of educator, infant and the environment. We conclude by considering other ways to use SSG analysis to provide a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of educator child interactions in EC settings.
Medicaid Patients Face Limited Access to Care for Ankle Sprains in Unexpanded States
Authors: Hoch Caroline P. , Scott Daniel J. , Gross Christopher E.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Our goal was to determine whether state Medicaid expansion and patient insurance statuses affected access to care for ankle sprain patients.

Methods

Four pairs of Medicaid expanded (Kentucky, Louisiana, Iowa, and Arizona) and unexpanded (North Carolina, Alabama, Wisconsin, and Texas) states were chosen. Twelve practices from each state (N = 96) were randomly selected from the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) directory and called twice to request an appointment for a fictitious 16-year-old with a first-time ankle sprain using either Medicaid insurance or Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) private insurance.

Results

An appointment was obtained at 65.6% clinics when calling with BCBS and at 45.8% with Medicaid (P =.006). There was a significant difference in successful scheduling based on insurance status in Medicaid unexpanded states (P = .007). In all states except Iowa, there were more appointments scheduled using BCBS than with Medicaid. The 3 main reasons for appointment denial were inability to provide an insurance identification number (47.1%), insurance status (23.5%), and whether the patient was referred (17.6%). The waiting period for an appointment did not differ by Medicaid expansion or insurance statuses.

Conclusion

For patients with first-time ankle sprains, access to care is more difficult using Medicaid insurance rather than private insurance, especially in Medicaid unexpanded states.

Level of Evidence:

Level II prospective cohort study
Trans*Forming Bodies Is Hopeful Politics
Authors: Harris Daniel
Published: October 2022

The truth-telling in his piece is sin quo non to the unmasking needed to forge pathways to new gendered possibilities in troubled times toward transformative futures. I explore the affective embodied experience of living as a non-binary transmasculine person in a binary world. Drawing on the work of Jack Halberstam, Tami Spry, and Bryant Keith Alexander, this essay (and performance) is shared with/through my testosterone-lowered voice, my masculine-appearing body, and my non-binary orientations that ask the world to avoid the pitfalls of binarized gender relations. Performance autoethnography has long held space in the academy for the foregrounding of non-majoritarian lived experience through affective, interpersonal, and embodied strategies, and this piece builds on those traditions.
Universal COVID-19 pre-procedural swabs in children in a developing country: A comparison of findings over two transmission waves
Authors: Tan Chee Yang , Theseira Amelia Marie , Ahmad Zubaidi Syukri , Atiya Nadia , Sanmugam Anand , Singaravel Srihari , Nah Shireen Anne
Published: October 2022

Aim

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems worldwide. Some institutions have implemented additional precautionary measures such as pre-procedural swabbing (PPS) to reduce transmission in patients and healthcare workers. We evaluate our experience with universal pre-procedural screening for COVID-19 in low-risk pediatric patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients aged 18 years and below who underwent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay swabs in our center over two waves (1st May 2020 to 31st July 2020 and 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021). We included patients who underwent rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 prior to any procedures requiring general anesthesia and were deemed low risk for COVID-19 according to our institutional screening criteria. All study patients were followed up for 14 days post-procedure.

Results

Of 2065 swabs done for patients aged 18 years and below during the study period, 645 (31.2%) were pre-procedural swabs. Patients were aged 4.2 years (median, interquartile range: 1.6 years–9.8 years). Two patients (0.3%) tested positive for COVID-19 by PPS, detected during Period 2 – both had risk criteria which were overlooked by healthcare workers. Within 14 days post-procedure, 10 patients had unscheduled readmissions and 15 required repeat rRT-PCR, all of which were negative.

Conclusions

In patients deemed low risk for COVID-19 infection according to our screening criteria, routine pre-procedural swabbing returns a low positive rate. Our findings can guide screening protocols at institutions that provide surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Safety assessment of concrete pipeline considering the effect of pipe diameter subjected to blasting vibration
Authors: Cao Huazhang , Jiang Nan , Yao Yingkang , Sun Jinshan , Huang Yiwen
Published: October 2022

Urban concrete pipelines are prone to damage in blasting projects such as excavation of adjacent metro tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of buried concrete pipeline subjected to blasting vibration. Based on the field blasting test of full-scale buried concrete pipeline, considering the factor of pipeline diameter, the dynamic response of concrete pipelines with different diameters was studied by using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. According to dimensional analysis, a prediction model of particle peak velocity (PPV) considering pipeline diameter was established. Combined with the tensile strength of concrete, the safety criterions of PPV for concrete pipeline with different diameters were proposed, which provided guidance for actual blasting.
Multi-hazard Risk Configurations: A Search for Common Patterns in Three Latin American Cities During COVID-19
Authors: Lavell Allan , Chávez Angel , Barros Cinthya , Jimenez Gustavo , Martinez Marina , Milanes Celene B.
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has seriously affected urban populations worldwide. It comprises a disaster category that accompanies more recurrent or familiar expressions associated with earthquakes, flooding, landslides, subsidence and tsunamis. Despite the differences in these hazard types, the expressions of vulnerability and exposure and their causes are often similar and many of these are based on pre-existing everyday living conditions. The present article provides preliminary evidence and analysis from the social and territorial incidence of COVID-19 to help confirm the now increasingly argued hypothesis that susceptible populations and areas are often the same, independent of the hazard type. It argues for more integral, livelihood and development-informed approaches to disaster risk management, based primarily on vulnerability and exposure reduction and control.
Heavy-load exercise in older adults activates vasculogenesis and has a stronger impact on muscle gene expression than in young adults
Authors: Gautvik Kaare M. , Olstad Ole K. , Raue Ulrika , Gautvik Vigdis T. , Kvernevik Karl J. , Utheim Tor P. , Ravnum Solveig , Kirkegaard Camilla , Wiig Håvard , Jones Garan , Pilling Luke C. , Trappe Scott , Raastad Truls , Reppe Sjur
Published: October 2022

Background

A striking effect of old age is the involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and reduced physiological functions. However, effects of heavy-load exercise in older adults on diseases and functions as predicted by changes in muscle gene expression have been inadequately studied.

Methods

Thigh muscle global transcriptional activity (transcriptome) was analyzed in cohorts of older and younger adults before and after 12–13 weeks heavy-load strength exercise using Affymetrix microarrays. Three age groups, similarly trained, were compared: younger adults (age 24 ± 4 years), older adults of average age 70 years (Oslo cohort) and above 80 years (old BSU cohort). To increase statistical strength, one of the older cohorts was used for validation. Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA) was used to identify predicted biological effects of a gene set that changed expression after exercise, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to visualize differences in muscle gene expressen between cohorts and individual participants as well as overall changes upon exercise.

Results

Younger adults, showed few transcriptome changes, but a marked, significant impact was observed in persons of average age 70 years and even more so in persons above 80 years. The 249 transcripts positively or negatively altered in both cohorts of older adults (q-value < 0.1) were submitted to gene set enrichment analysis using IPA. The transcripts predicted increase in several aspects of “vascularization and muscle contractions”, whereas functions associated with negative health effects were reduced, e.g., “Glucose metabolism disorder” and “Disorder of blood pressure”. Several genes that changed expression after intervention were confirmed at the genome level by containing single nucleotide variants associated with handgrip strength and muscle expression levels, e.g., CYP4B1 (p = 9.2E-20), NOTCH4 (p = 9.7E-8), and FZD4 (p = 5.3E-7). PCA of the 249 genes indicated a differential pattern of muscle gene expression in young and elderly. However, after exercise the expression patterns in both young and old BSU cohorts were changed in the same direction for the vast majority of participants.

Conclusions

The positive impact of heavy-load strength training on the transcriptome increased markedly with age. The identified molecular changes translate to improved vascularization and muscular strength, suggesting highly beneficial health effects for older adults.
Determination of the phosphorus content in sewage sludge: comparison of different aqua regia digestion methods and ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and photometric determination
Authors: Sichler Theresa Constanze , Becker Roland , Sauer Andreas , Barjenbruch Matthias , Ostermann Markus , Adam Christian
Published: October 2022

Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in sludges near the limit of 20 g/kg for mandatory recycling. To answer this question, 15 sewage sludges of 11 different wastewater treatment plants were investigated with all permitted method (digestion and measurement) combinations. Moreover, one sewage sludge was also examined in an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with 28 participants. This study shows that the above-mentioned methods differ in some cases significantly but across all method combinations and sludges, phosphorus recovery was between 80 and 121% after normalization to the grand mean (average of 15 sludges between 85 and 111%). The ILC and the examination of 15 sludges produced largely similar results. There is a tendency to higher phosphorus recovery after microwave digestion compared to reflux digestion and ICP-OES measurements determine higher phosphorus contents than ICP-MS and photometric phosphorus determination. As a result, the authors recommend ICP-OES determination of phosphorus in sewage sludge after microwave digestion.

Graphical Abstract