bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disposition Kinetics and Dosage Regimen of Ceftriaxone in Crossbred Calves (Short Communication)
Authors: Johal Bindu , Srivastava A. K.
Published: December 2015

Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of ceftriaxone were investigated in healthy crossbred calves after its single intravenous administration (10 mg kg–1). Based on kinetic parameters, an appropriate dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in calves was calculated. The peak plasma level of ceftriaxone at 1 min was 84.0 ± 1.55 μg ml–1 which declined to 0.43 ± 0.05 μg ml–1 at 8 h. The value of elimination half-life (t1/2α), volume of distribution Vd (area) and total body clearance (ClB) were 4.39 ± 0.63 h, 1.91 ± 0.19 L kg–1 and 0.31 ± 0.01 L kg–1 h–1, respectively. Approximately 41 per cent of total administered drug was recovered in the urine within 24 h of its administration. The plasma protein binding of ceftriaxone was found to be concentration dependent with an overall mean of 38.55 per cent. The binding capacity of ceftriaxone to plasma proteins and the dissociation rate constant of protein-drug complex were 20.1 × 10–8 ± 18.4 × 10–8 mole g–1 and 1.07 × 10–6 ± 0.52 × 10–6 mole, respectively. An appropriate intravenous dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in cattle would be 12 mg kg–1 repeated at 24 h.
Reptile Adenoviruses in Cattle?
Authors: Harrach B.
Published: December 2015

This paper describes a hypothesis on the origin of the members of the recently established adenovirus genus, Atadenovirus, invading cattle, sheep, deer, duck and poultry. Comparison of the phylogenetic trees of adenoviruses and their hosts suggests a very ancient but common origin for the atadenoviruses. The surprisingly large difference between these virus types and other adenoviruses infecting the same host can be easily understood by assuming their separate evolution in different hosts (e.g., in reptiles versus a coevolution with mammals and birds, respectively) followed by a later host switch.
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4: A Special Herpesvirus (Review Article)
Authors: Egyed L.
Published: December 2015

This paper summarizes the history of and information on bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) from the first isolation to the most recent results. For almost twenty years BoHV-4 has been considered a typical herpes ‘orphan’ virus, which infects several species but causes no illness. The latest experiments revealed the close relationship of this virus with the immune system and other tissues. The virus was even considered as a possible candidate for a vector vaccine. BoHV-4 as a strange herpesvirus has several features which are not characteristic of other herpesviruses, such as several latency sites, persistence in serum, dividing cells necessary for virus replication, and the wide host range. In addition to describing the main features of the virion, replication, clinical signs, nomenclature problems, this review intends to concentrate on the new and strange results coming out from several laboratories worldwide. It is also suggested that because the virus combines several properties of various herpesvirus subfamilies and because of its close relationship with the immune system, it may deserve further attention as a representative of a potentially new genus within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily.
Ultrasonography and surgery of canine biliary diseases
Authors: Vörös K. , Németh T. , Vrabély T. , Manczur F. , Tóth J. , Magdus Melinda , Perge Edina
Published: December 2015

Findings of hepatic and gallbladder ultrasonography were analyzed in 12 dogs with gallbladder and/or extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and compared with the results of exploratory laparotomy. Hepatic ultrasonography demonstrated normal liver in 2 dogs and hepatic abnormalities in 10 animals. The following ultrasonographic diagnoses were established compared to surgical findings: gallbladder obstruction caused by bile sludge (correct/incorrect: 1/2, surgical diagnosis: choleliths in one case), gallbladder obstruction caused by neoplasm (0/1, surgical diagnosis: mucocele), gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction due to choleliths (3/3), extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction caused by pancreatic mass (1/1) and small intestinal volvulus (1/1). Bile peritonitis caused by gallbladder rupture (4/4) was correctly diagnosed by ultrasound, aided with ultrasonographically-guided abdominocentesis and peritoneal fluid analysis. Rupture of the gallbladder should be suspected in the presence of a small, echogenic gallbladder or in the absence of the organ together with free abdominal fluid during ultrasonography. Laparotomy was correctly indicated by ultrasonography in all cases. However, the direct cause of obstruction could not be determined in 2 of the 12 dogs by ultrasonography alone.
Histological evaluation of immune organs in chicken embryos inoculated with Marek’s disease virus and lymphokines
Authors: Ortiz Mireya , Petrone V. M. , Téllez G. , Fehérvári T.
Published: December 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of lymphocytes and granulocytes in different stages of embryonic development and on the first posthatching day. The lymphocytes present in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were evaluated by histological analysis of the yolk sac, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, liver and bone marrow of 100 chicken embryos divided into groups and treated with: (I) Marek’s disease vaccine as viral antigen, (II) Marek’s disease vaccine plus lymphokines, (III) lymphokines, and (IV) vaccine diluent. Group V was not treated. Samples were taken on days 14, 17 and 20 of incubation and on the first posthatching day. An increase in the number of epithelial matrix as precursors of lymphoid follicles was observed in the bursa of Fabricius of embryos inoculated with lymphokines compared to embryos in all the other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, a higher amount of granulocytes was found in the yolk sac and liver of embryos inoculated with lymphokines than in the embryos of all other groups (p < 0.05). In the bone marrow, no significant difference was observed among the treated groups concerning the amount of granulocytes. The results suggest that administration of antigens or protein molecules at an early stage of embryonic development increases the presence of granulocytes in the liver and granulopoiesis in the yolk sac, and also increases the number of epithelial matrixs in the bursa of Fabricius.
Bovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum in Hungary
Authors: Bacsadi Á. , Bajmócy E. , Matiz Katalin , Kiss I.
Published: December 2015

The authors report the first case of bovine neosporosis in Hungary based on investigations made on an aborted fetus. The diagnostic methods included traditional as well as molecular techniques. This record extends further the geographic range of the disease.
Resolution of parentage in dogs by examination of microsatellites after death of putative sire: Case report
Authors: Pádár Z. , Egyed B. , Kontadakis K. , Zöldág L. , Fekete S.
Published: December 2015

A case of disputed paternity in dogs is reported. DNA examinations were carried out from hair samples of the individuals several months after the death of the putative sire. Ten short tandem repeat (STR) loci were analysed by fluorescence- labelled multiplex PCR using ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyser. Based on the results the candidate sire was included in the pedigree records as the biological sire. In spite o f the genetic homogeneity of pedigree dogs due to inbreeding, canine microsatellites can provide an adequate basis for assigning paternity in pure breeds.
ECG-gated dynamic magnetic resonance imaging method for examination of the pig heart
Authors: Petrási Zs. , Romvári R. , Bajzik G. , Fenyves B. , Repa I. , Horn P.
Published: December 2015

A dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was developed for in vivo examination of the pig heart. Measurements were carried out on 15 meat-type pigs of different liveweight using a 1.5 T equipment. Inhalation anaesthesia was applied, then data acquisition was synchronised by ECG gating. Depending on the heart rate and heart size, in each case 8 to 10 slices and in each slice 8 to 14 phases were acquired prospectively according to one heart cycle. During the post-processing of the images the left and the right ventricular volumes were determined. The values measured at 106 kg liveweight are 2.5 times higher than those obtained at 22 kg, while the ejection fractions are equal. The calculated cardiac output values were 3.5 l (22 kg, 132 beats/min.), and 6.0 l (106 kg, 91 beats/min.), respectively. After measuring the wall thickness, the contraction values were also determined for the septum (70%), and for the anterior (61%), posterior (41%) and lateral (54%) walls of the left ventricle. Three-dimensional animated models of the ventricles were constructed. Based on the investigations performed, the preconditioning, the anaesthetic procedure, the specific details of ECG measurement and the correct MR imaging technique were worked out.
Porcine theca cells produce immunoreactive β-endorphin and change steroidogenesis in response to opioid agonist
Authors: Kamiński T. , Okrasa S. , Bogacka Iwona , Siawrys Gabriela , Przała Jadwiga
Published: December 2015

In earlier in vitro experiments opioids affected steroidogenesis in porcine luteal and granulosa cells. The present studies were undertaken to examine the effects of FK 33-824 (opioid agonist) alone or in combination with LH, PRL or naloxone (NAL, opioid antagonist) on steroidogenesis in cultured porcine theca cells. Moreover, we have tested β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (β-END-LI) concentrations in culture media under control conditions and following treatments of theca cells with LH, PRL, progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2) or testosterone (T). FK 33-824 and NAL significantly increased P4 release by theca cells and inhibited stimulatory effect of LH on this steroid output. PRL-induced P4 secretion from the cells was blunted only by FK 33-824. Secretion of androstenedione (A4) and T was essentially elevated in the presence of FK 33-824 and this potentiation of both androgen release was completely abolished by PRL. NAL blocked stimulatory effect of the opioid agonist only in case of T. Secretion of oestradiol and oestrone was completely free from the influence of both the opioid agonist and antagonist. Pig theca cells were able to produce β-END-LI but none of tested hormones (LH, PRL, P4, E2 and T alone or in combination) significantly affected this production. In conclusion, these data indicate that porcine theca cells may produce β-END-LI and change their steroidogenesis in response to opioid peptides.
Review Article: Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Potato virus X and Y in Potato
Authors: Kopp A. , Kondrák M. , Bánfalvi Z.
Published: December 2015

The most important viral pathogens of the cultivated potato are Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY), which can reduce potato production up to 80%. Thus resistance breeding is one of the major goals of plant breeders. Wild potato species are good sources of resistance (R) genes. The resistant plants respond to viral infection with hypersensitive reaction (HR) or extreme resistance (ER). HR is accompanied by programmed cell death, while ER localizes the virus at the primary infection site and limits virus replication without visible symptoms. While HR is generally strain-specific, ER can act against a broad spectrum of viral pathogens. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanisms of resistance against PVX and PVY in potato.
Performance of the cobas® influenza A/B assay for rapid PCR-based detection of influenza compared to Prodesse ProFlu+ and viral culture
Authors: Chen L. , Tian Y. , Chen S. , Liesenfeld O.
Published: December 2015

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is important for patient management and infection control. We determined the performance of the cobas® Influenza A/B assay, a rapid automated nucleic acid assay performed on the cobas® Liat System for qualitative detection of influenza A and influenza B from nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens. Retrospective frozen and prospectively collected NP swabs from patients with signs and symptoms of influenza collected in universal transport medium (UTM) were tested at multiple sites including CLIA-waived sites using the cobas® Influenza A/B assay. Results were compared to the Prodesse ProFlu+ assay and to viral culture. Compared to the Prodesse ProFlu+ Assay, sensitivities of the cobas® Influenza A/B assay for influenza A and B were 97.7 and 98.6%, respectively; specificity was 99.2 and 99.4%. Compared to viral culture, the cobas® Influenza A/B assay showed sensitivities of 97.5 and 96.9% for influenza virus A and B, respectively; specificities were 97.9% for both viruses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing showed that the majority of viral culture negative but cobas® Influenza A/B positive results were true positive results, indicating that the cobas® Influenza A/B assay has higher sensitivity compared to viral culture.

In conclusion, the excellent accuracy, rapid time to result, and remarkable ease of use make the cobas® Influenza A/B nucleic acid assay for use on the cobas® Liat System a highly suitable point-of-care solution for the management of patients with suspected influenza A and B infection.
Failure mechanism of two-dimensional granular columns: Numerical simulation and experiments
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Tien , Ha Bui Hong , Fukagawa Ryoichi
Published: December 2015

In this article, two typical experiments for two types of destruction of granular column were performed by 2D soil model. High speed camera was used to record the movements of the destruction of the granular column. The images clearly showed the whole development of granular flows. The destruction process of the granular column in the two experiments is a big deformation problem of soil mechanics. To simulate the destruction process of the granular column, a model solving the problem of soil mechanics by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed. The basic equations of problems of soil mechanics using the Drucker-Prager constitutive model were discretized using SPH method. The calculation results of the numerical model developed by us were compared with the experiment results obtained at the same time since the destruction of the granular column started. This was the first time by comparing and analyzing in details the characteristics of the process of destruction and developments of granular flows for the two typical types of destruction of granular column, it was shown that the numerical model describes quite accurately the characteristics of granular flows in both space and~time.
Development of magnetorheological brake with two coils placed on each side of the brake housing
Authors: Hung Nguyen Quoc , Diep Nguyen Ngoc , Dzung Nguyen Si
Published: December 2015

In this study a new configuration of magneto-rheological brake (MRB) with  two coils placed on each side of the brake housing is proposed, optimally  designed and evaluated. With this configuration, the MRB is expected to  provide higher braking torque, more compact size than traditional MRB. After  describing an introduction of the proposed configuration, braking torque of  the proposed MRB is analyzed based on Bingham-plastic rheological model of  magnetorheological fluid (MRF). The optimization of the proposed MRB, the  MRB with one coil placed on each side of the brake housing and the  conventional MRB is then performed considering maximum braking torque and  mass of the brakes Based on the optimal results, advanced performance  characteristics of the proposed MRB are figured out.
Islamic Pluralism in Indonesia: Comparing Fundamentalist and Liberalist View
Authors: Siddiq Akhmad
Published: December 2015

Pluralisme dianggap sebagai basis ketiga dalam menafsir keberagaman beragama, setelah eksklusivisme dan inklusivisme. Sejalan dengan sejarah pluralisme di Barat, pluralisme Islam di Indonesia juga bisa dikatakan sebagai kontinuitas dari dua paradigma keberagamaan sebelumnya, yakni eksklusivisme dan inklusivisme. Meski demikian, aksi maupun reaksi yang dilakukan para pemikir fundametalis Muslim di Indonesia tidak bisa begitu saja dinafikan. Menurut kelompok terakhir ini, pluralisme adalah jalan berpikir yang “terlarang”.
Analisa Sufistik Mimpi Nubuwwah dalam Proses Kenabian
Authors: Satriawan Lalu Agus
Published: December 2015

This article tries to scrutinize dreams as prophetic command (nubuwwah) and happy news (mubashshirât) from Allah. The article describes the concept of prophethood, the concept of sainthood, the relation between prophethood and sainthood, and dreams as a part of prophethood. The article uses interpretation method. Prophetic dreams are dreams where spiritual impressions are directly reflected by heart without any intervention from the imagination. Dreams can be acquired and accessed with self purification through mujâhadah al-nafs.
Tasawuf antara Kesalehan Individu dan Dimensi Sosial
Authors: Nurcholis Ahmad
Published: December 2015

Within this modern era where Islamic doctrines have been more eroded by the advance of scientific development, the power of umma has gradually decreased as a result of abandonment of spirit of jihâd al-nafs. There would be no any other way except to revive the principles and values of Islamic Sufism without leaving rational way of thinking and escaping from social realities. When human recognize their God it would be, then, easier for them to perform everything God commands to them. Where did human come from and where they will go to are among philosophical questions that should be traced by the Sufi. These are foundations for the Sufis to “recognize their selves”, since by recognizing the self God can be, then, recognized. Tasawuf is a way, which leads to qalb salîm (a pure heart). Many classic books discuss this and the discussion deals with: firstly, efforts to straighten deeds, khushû‘, and courtesy of worship; secondly, ways of mujâhadah, self and heart purification, and abolishing madhmûmah (bad manners) and replacing them with mahmûdah (commendable conducts); thirdly, ma‘rifat, rabbânîyah, wahbîyah knowledge, dhawq, wijdânîyah, and nature of kashf.
Kisah Cinta Platonik Jalâl al-Dîn al-Rûmî
Authors: Alfi Jihad Zayyin
Published: December 2015

The research attempts to discover and find the very roots of love concept by Jalâl al-Dîn Rûmî to develop Sufism method, which connects human’s hearts with their God. This study employs philosophical qualitative method, which tends to be descriptive and interpretative. Using the basis of love, Jalâl al-Dîn Rûmî built sufistic epistemological foundation in the form of mystical poems. Poems are means of spiritual pilgrimage, which is performed in order to find the culmination of fusion ectacy between human and their God, i.e. Allah The Almighty.
Konsep Kekuasaan Michel Faucault
Authors: Khozin Afandi Abdullah
Published: December 2015

This article attempts to outline the concept of power of Michel Foucault based on the major works that he wrote during his lifetime. Foucault asserts that power exists everywhere, especially concerning the relationship between power and discourse of knowledge. Here, for him, the will to truth is the expression of the will to power. It is impossible for the knowledge to be neutral and pure. Therefore, there will be always a correlation between the two matters, i.e. the knowledge contains power, just like the power contains knowledge. This means that power is one dimension of the relation. Where there is a relationship, there is a power.
Tradisi dan Modernitas Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Authors: Encung Encung
Published: December 2015

This article is intended to scrutinize Seyyed Hosssein Nasr’s thought about the negative dimensions of modernity and put it into the problems of the world where the idea of materialism ends due to greed of modern people. Nasr’s aim is actually to save humanity from destructive elements of modernity due to the idea of materialism, although the traditional-ism project that he proposed has still looked for a momentum within human consciousness and that is not to neglect the sacred matter in under-standing their world. In a reflection of his traditionalism, Nasr presupposes the creation of a progressive world presented with self-awareness to the existence of the Absolute and the Infallible. Nasr believes that modern people could live with their idea of perennial philosophy that connects everything in this world into the realm of the sacred. Benefits of modernity, according to Nasr, will be tarnished if people deny every sacred matter.
Relasi Pengetahuan Islam Eksoteris dan Esoteris
Authors: Syafaq Hammis
Published: December 2015

This article scrutinizes the relationship of Islamic knowledge focusing on esoteric realm and exoteric area or what so-called duality of life. Within intellectual treasures of Islam this dualism have subsequ-ently beat each other. It is sometimes in the form of friction between the scientific and non-scientific, rational and spiritual, the sacred and the profane, theocentric and anthropocentric. However, when carefully understood, the dualism shares the same nature, namely outer and inner aspects. The outer is represented by naming, while the inner can only be understood through the process of interpretation. In other words, these two aspects are represented by two words are name (outer aspect) and meaning (inner aspect). Therefore, Islam is present and it attempts to draw both together. As can be observed in this century, the mentality of modern humans seem to be eroded far from religious norms as people have developed science which leads to religious emptying from its noble values. Therefore, it is important to bring the esoteric realm into modern thought which tends only to put emphasis on exoteric aspect.
Tuhan dalam Perdebatan Eksistensialisme
Authors: Wahyudi Chafid
Published: December 2015

The philosophy of existentialism pays great attention to the fate of human beings as individualist embodiments. This also becomes a manifestation of human’s freedom which receives less attention due to its exclusion under the strong influence of Hegel’s doctrine essentialist philosophy or system of thought that emphasizes collectivity. The emergence of existentialism itself in turn propagates into the polemical invention of humans upon their God. There are two conceptions of the divine discourses on existentialism, namely the theistic existentialism and the atheistic one. Theistic existentialism tries to accept God and consider Him not to rob humans’ freedom because God is understood individually, not as a self-enclosed system. On the contrary, atheistic existentialism actually rebels against God’s intervention in humans’ freedom as well as eliminates the existence of God and brings the absolute freedom of human beings themselves, which in turn this leads to humans’ creative activity.
Fatwa MUI tentang Penyimpangan Ajaran Islam dan Tindakan Pelanggaran Kebebasan Berkeyakinan
Authors: Ari Wibowo Rahmad
Published: December 2015

This study focuses on the contribution of religious fatwa MUI on the situation of religious life are colored by various types of discrimination, intolerance, and even violence based on religion. This study found that religious fatwas of the MUI, in practice it is used as a foothold by state officials to violate the freedom of religion/belief. Riskly, legal policy is no longer based on the constitution and the law, but the MUI fatwa. These conditions have spawned authoritarian government legitimized by religious views. On the other hand the fatwa provide religious life situations are colored by different types of discrimination, intolerance, and even violence based on religion.
Relasi Budaya dan Kuasa dalam Konstruksi Islam Kultural Pasca-Reformasi
Authors: Huda M. Qomarul
Published: December 2015

This article will examine the cultural construction of the post-reform Islam has offered a variety of opportunities and challenges. Through content analysis and social hermeneutics (which is defined as a personal interpretation of the human as a social action, this study detects that the construction of the Islamic cultural post-reform is a form of political responses Islamic culture. Through cultural ideology, politicians take advantage of the cultural basis for the crawl political interests at the same time releasing its cultural organizations from the burden of political stigmatization that could happen someday. kulturalisasi Also the political process that the political process without developing Islamic symbols. bid with culture-based politics is beneficial but at the same harm on the other.
Pandangan Islam tentang Korupsi
Authors: Umam M. Helmi
Published: December 2015

This research aims to find an adequate philosophical explanation of the responsibilities of Muslim society in Indonesia with the handling of corruption. Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia that should be responsible for the removal of culture of corruption. This research focuses on the discussion of Islamic values of anti-corruption, the principle of balance in view of corruption as well as the principle of punishment. The analysis to use is to understand the phenomenon of law enforcement through the textual frame in Islamic context. The conclusions are to look back on overcoming spirit of anti-corruption, corruption should saw proportionally, the mechanism of punishment and its relation to the education of humanity.
Pemikiran Haji Agus Salim tentang Aqidah, Sharîah, dan Ideologi
Authors: Qoyyim Moh.
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the thinking of Haji Agus Salim about aqîdah, sharî‘ah, and Ihsân. Regarding the Agus Salim’s thinking about Aqeedah, he covers the concept of tawhîd (the deity), destiny (God’s provision) and resignation (surrender). While thinking associated with sharî‘ah contains ideas in social and ritual. The idea of charity was oriented at a picture of the attitudes and virtues in Islam that applied. Haji Agus Salim patterns of thought very dialectic and dynamic that unites the mind with the teachings of Islam as well as enriched with actual discourse and historical dimensions.
Sufisme dalam Perspektif K.H. Muhammad Idris Jauhari
Authors: Amalih Ihwan
Published: December 2015

This article explores Sufism in the perspective of K.H. Idris Muhammad Jauhari. It will also reveal the patterns of his mystical thought. In this study, the author finds that: firstly, in the view of Kiai Jauhari, Sufism is an attempt to straighten out the intention of heart and to understand the essence of deeds conducted by human beings in order to live a life to reach its final destination in accordance with the will of the Creator. Secondly, the patterns of Kiai Jauhari’s mystical thought are: a). Sufism developed by Kiai Jauhari built on a tradition of tasawuf akhlâqî (consistency to maintain Islamic orthodoxy, humanist Sufism, activist and functional, dichotomous relationship pattern between the servant and the Lord as well as the urgency of dhikr Allâh in the spiritual journey toward the Lord), b). Sufism developed and offered by Kiai Jauhari is an effort to redefine and reorient so that Sufism in both theoretical and practical aspect is no longer positioned as being elitist, mystical, and individualist. Kiai Jauhari has developed inclusive Sufism, which is easily accessible by all people. Thirdly, according to Kiai Jauhari there are six steps to become a Sufi, are: îqân al-nafs (convincing one’s self), taqwîn al-niyyah (straightening intention), al-dirâsah wa al-istitlâ‘ (learning and studying), al-tafakkur wa al-tadabbur (thinking and contemplation), al-takhallî wa al-tahallî (emptying and filling), and al-tajallî (manifestation).
Pemikiran dan Gerakan Amr Ma‘rûf Nahy Munkar Front Pembela Islam (FPI) di Indonesia 1989-2012
Authors: Anwar Saeful
Published: December 2015

This article explores the history of thoughts and movements of the Front Pembela Islam (FPI) in Indonesia between 1998 and 2012. The study concludes that since many government regulations are violated by the public, including the prohibition of gambling, prostitution and other forms of disobedience and lack of firmness of the government, FPI feels the need to take the initiative to help the government fight against immorality in order to enforce amr ma‘rûf nahy munkar. This is done through the movement run by the military force of the FPI who often uses means of violence. In line with this study, FPI should not perform nahy munkar movement using any violent means, such as damaging public facilities, hurting people, and other destructive deeds. The reason is that by doing such violent actions, FPI will not even help resolving the moral problems that occur in Indonesia. In addition, the violent movement does not reflect the image of Islam as a religion of peace.
Konsep Maqâmât dalam Tradisi Sufistik K.H. Ahmad Asrori al-Ishaqy
Authors: Rosidi Rosidi
Published: December 2015

The article discusses the concept of sufistic thinking
of K.H. Ahmad Asrori al-Ishaqy, the  murshid  (the spiritual
guide) of al-Qâdirîyah wa al-Naqshabandîyah  tariqa  and the
founder of al-Fithrah Islamic Boarding School in Kedinding
Lor 99 Kenjeran Surabaya. In this article, the writer focuses
mostly on the stages of the sufistic thinking of Kiai Asrori,
because there are many sufistic concept that he stated. In
addition, the writer tries to unveil Kiai Asrori‟s concepts on
sufistic realm which are implemented in daily lives, not only
by himself, but also by his pupils and his followers. The
purpose of this research is to describe the sufistic concept of
Kiai Asrori, focusing on the stage (maqâmat) which has been
stated in his public sermon, his statement stated for certain
people, and also by his scipts. Besides, the purpose of this
research is also to describe about how to implement his
concepts in daily lives. The writer argues that the concept of
the  maqâmat  stated by Kiai Asrori is different from other
Islamic mysticism figure before him not only in terms of
numbers but also in orders. The most significant difference is
that the followers do not have to follow the stage step by step.
According to him, his followers may choose the  maqâmat
which are suitable with their ability.
INTEGRASI TASAWUF DALAM TRADISI KEJAWEN PERSAUDARAAN SETIA HATI TERATE
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the origins of the doctrine of PSHT Madiun; the patterns of integration of Sufism teaching into traditional Javanese mysticism (kejawen) at PSHT Madiun; and the teachings of PSHT Madiun during the two leadership periods of R.M. Imam Kusupangat and H. Tarmaji Budi Harsono. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the spiritual teachings of PSHT Madiun are founded on the teachings of Sufism; (2) the pattern of integration between Sufism and the traditional Javanese mysticism in PSHT Madiun is similar to the pattern used by Walisongo in spreading Islam in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island, by using local wisdoms. The accommodation of local wisdoms has two objectives, are to avoid hurting the heart of the local community and at the same time people are willing to practice Islamic teachings. Likewise, the leaders of PSHT Madiun have formulated their teachings by using what so-called ke-ESHA-an, so that the students of PSHT can willingly practice the teachings; (3) there are a number of differences in the way Kusupangat and Harsono lead this organization. Javanese mysticism aspect was dominating the teachings of PSHT during Kusupangat’s leadership while Harsono’s leadership shows how the Islamic nuance has been dominating over the teachings of PSHT.

Keywords: Tasawuf, kejawen, PSHT, ke-ESHA-an.
GENEALOGI DAN PENGARUH IDEOLOGI JIHADISME NEGARA ISLAM IRAQ DAN SURIAH (NIIS) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hilmy Masdar
Published: December 2015

This paper tries to analyze the ideology of jihadism as developed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), its genealogy and its influence in Indonesia. This paper argues that ISIS does not represent the replica of other jihadist ideologies and movements such as al-Qaeda, regardless of its historical relation in the past. Rather, ISIS represents itself, a focal point where its ideologues eclectically coin and pick some religious doctrines with their own way and method. Even though ISIS claims that it follows Sunnî school of thought, in reality it poses extreme ideology which diametric-ally differs from the mainstream Sunnî ideology. Due to its extreme ideology, its existence has been rejected not only by the mainstream Muslim scholars, but also by their fellow jihadists. Despite such a rejection, it still appeals tacit sympathy and support from some jihadist group in Indonesia such as Ba’asyir’s led-Jama’ah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT) and Santoso’s clandestine Mujahidin Indonesia Timur.
Keywords: NIIS, jihadisme, khilâfah, al-Qaeda, JAT.
ECO-PHILOSOPHY SEBAGAI CETAK BIRU FILSAFAT RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Supian Supian
Published: December 2015

This article proves that there is a significant relationship between the Islamic philosophy along with spiritual ecology and the ecological crisis and its solution. Loss of views and beliefs of spiritual ecology are among causes of environmental damage and the universe. Therefore, the restoration of spiritual ecology and its relationship to ecological values will play a pivotal role in the conservation and rescuing of natural and environmental crisis. Spiritual and Islamic philosophical values have ecological implications and consequences that should be the attitude and lifestyle in creating a harmonious relationship between God, man, and the universe. Eco-philosophy presents what so-called the values of spirituality as its base and emphasizes that humans remain to be special from other creatures. However, such privilege has to be a burden for humans and they are obliged to maintain and preserve the universe with spirituality and based on cosmic theology as coined in Islamic philosophy.

Keywords: eco-philosophy, ecological crisis, spiritual ecology, cosmic teleology.
Kritik Epistemologi Islam dalam Islamologi Terapan
Authors: Anshori Isa
Published: December 2015

This article discusses critique of Islamic epistemology within applied Islamology. The writer concludes that Islamic epistemology is an episteme which has been originally derived from Islamic doctrines. It can be obtained through a number of methods. The first method is revelation, which has an absolute truth. The second way is reason, which becomes a potency blessed by God to all humankind. Through impressions, which are attained by the five senses, the reason uses them as source of contemplation to draw conclusions. This episteme contains, however, a relative truth. The third method is kashfî. This episteme is also named as ‘irfanî episteme, which had successfully grown within Sufism tradition where the source of knowledge is experience, namely al-ru’yat al-mubâshirah (direct experience). The last mentioned episteme is founded on the dichotomy between exoteric and esoteric aspects where the hierarchy of esoteric knowledge is higher than the exoteric ones as the first possesses divine basis. The critique of Islamic epistemology within applied Islamology is oriented towards the domination of scientific epistemology or modern epistemology, which recognizes positivism or scientific knowledge as the sole method employed by the modern people to gain knowledge. The fundamental difference between the scientific-rational episteme and the Islamic episteme rests within each worldview.
Peran Komunitas Tlasih 87 Sumbergirang Mojokerto dalam Membangun Harmoni Agama
Authors: Setiyani Wiwik
Published: December 2015

The article scrutinizes the role of the actor of Tlasih 87 community in coping with social problems and his efforts to create harmony and peace among interreligious adherents in Sumbergirang village of Mojokerto East Java. The writer puts emphasis on the discussion about the methods employed by the actor to achieve his goals. In addition, the form of teaching proposed by the actor to Sumbergirang society will be another focus of the discussion. The writer finds that humanist approach has become the main tool used by the actor of Tlasih 87 in dealing with social problems. Such approach has brought about success to help the marginalized people in Sumbergirang. Regarding the teaching promulgated by the actor of Tlasih 87, the writer argues that this is a sort of cultural and religious syncretism between Javanese and Balinese culture as well as religious teachings of Islam and Hinduism along with kejawen. Although this teaching has encountered challenges during its dissemination, the number of the followers of Tlasih 87 have significantly increased. Tlasih 87 has widely spread out of Sumbergirang in a number of regions in East Java such as Gresik and Surabaya. The main spirit held by the actor of Tlasih 87 is building harmony and creating peace towards the unity of interreligious adherents as well as preserving culture inherited from the past generations.
Apresiasi Keimanan kepada Tuhan melalui Pengalaman Spiritual
Authors: Kadir Abdul
Published: December 2015

The awareness of God departed from religion which becomes introverted understanding in one’s experience. Appreciation of God should not be limited to the value of formalities by simply doing spirituality teaching, but also the embodiment of spiritual experience of God. The constellation of religious values is not just about understanding and appreciation but also achieve esoteric experience, so as to reveal its meaning for deeper appreciation, recognition and encounter with Him. Esoteric aspect of religion has become an important goal in the appreciation of spiritual experience ascent and acquisition with cleaning bonds which related to plurality and turned it from horizontal dimension senses to the vertical dimension of the universe to reach the consciousness of mortality. If God wills, there will be an incline in spiritual sensing sharpness until one can see, watch, or feel the real evidence from God about the things that are obviously high, so that the faith based on mukâshafah, ma‘rifah, and mushâhadah namely faith through spiritual vision to arrive at the essence.
Epistemologi Tindakan Muhammad Iqbal
Authors: Ja’far Suhermanto
Published: December 2015

This paper highlights Iqbal’s epistemology which focuses on the question of metaphysic and ontology. To understand the absolute being, Iqbal starts from intuition about human beings’ ego engaged at reality of the absolute ego. Intuition can reveal the absolute reality or the real super ego. The real existence of reality is spiritual. The true reality, according to Iqbal, refers to the existence of God, man and nature. However, the real existence of reality is a manifestation of the absolute reality. It is an absolute being or an absolute ego. Intuition about self itself brings man to the intuition of ultimo reality. Iqbal’s epistemology of self (ego) is essentially talking about the philosophy of the human that focuses on self or ego. Self or ego is the starting point for Iqbal to relate between God and nature. Life in the universe, according to Iqbal, is a series of actions. All of these are for the benefit of mankind as a co-creator through the meaningful action. The meaningful action is a foundation of human existence in manifesting himself. Iqbal formulates this meaningful action as a manifestation of the way the human utilizes to face with the reality of the other. To Iqbal, meaningful action is charged with the ontological-religious content which emphasizes the fundamental spiritual aspect of Islam with the term ‘amal (noble conduct). To him, meaningful action will be always imprinted in people’s lives and only the meaningful action alone that can help people prepare themselves to face the destruction of their bodies.
Avaliação da Goma Guar no desenvolvimento de comprimidos matriciais de liberação controlada de teofilina
Authors: Oliveira Edilene Gadelha de , Campos Rosana de Sousa , Machado Anaiara Silva , Pereira Juliana Fernandes , Araújo Tamara Gonçalves de
Published: December 2015

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi formular e avaliar comprimidos de liberação controlada. Comprimidos de liberação controlada de teofilina foram preparadas pelo método de compressão direta usando dois polímeros como, o HPMC K 100M (polímero hidrofílico) e a Goma Guar (Polímero natural), isolado ou em mistura (GG:HPMC 3:1) e GG:HPMC 1:3). Os comprimidos foram caracterizados através do peso médio, diâmetro, altura, dureza, friabilidade. Todos os resultados estiveram em conformidade com os limites aceitáveis. O ensaio de intumescimento foi realizado em água destilada durante 4 horas, sendo determinado pela diferença de peso do comprimido seco e intumescido. O ensaio de dissolução foi realizado em água destilada (900 mL, 37 ± 0,5ºC, 50 rpm, aparato II) durante 8 horas. Os resultados demonstraram que a Goma guar isolada não possui capacidade de retardar a liberação da teofilina por 8 horas. Comprimidos matriciais contendo GG:HPMC (3:1) apresentaram um melhor controle de liberação da teofilina.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosas com incontinência urinária: idosas institucionalizadas em uma instituição de longa permanência
Authors: Lazari Izabel Cristina França , Lojudice Daniela Cristina , Marota Amanda Gisele
Published: December 2015

Resumo A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a qualidade de vida de idosas com incontinência urinária, residentes em uma instituição asilar filantrópica do município de Catanduva, SP. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, cuja população foi composta de mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, conscientes e orientadas no tempo e no espaço, capazes de interagir em uma entrevista. Foram excluídas as idosas que se recusaram a participar do estudo. A coleta dos dados foi feita através de entrevista com questionário composto por informações sociodemográficas e clínicas. O instrumento International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short From (ICIQ-SF) foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de vida das idosas incontinentes. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita em forma de média, desvio padrão, valores mínimos e máximos para cada variável. Encontrou-se um total de 22 idosas cuja média de idade foi de 72,9 anos +- 8,6. Todas as participantes relataram perda urinária, sendo que, destas, sete (31,8%) relataram perder urina várias vezes ao dia. A maior porcentagem de perda urinária ocorreu antes de chegar ao banheiro (21,3%), seguida de tosse ou espirro (19,1%) e ao dormir (12,8%). No que tange à interferência da perda urinária nas atividades de vida diária, a maioria (72,5%) referiu alguma interferência. Concluiu-se que a incontinência urinária tem alta prevalência entre idosas institucionalizadas e compromete a qualidade de vida das mesmas. Diante disso, medidas de intervenção devem ser adotadas, na tentativa de minimizá-las ou combatê-las.
SEQUÊNCIAS DIDÁTICAS INVESTIGATIVAS E ARGUMENTAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE ECOLOGIA
Authors: Motokane Marcelo Tadeu
Published: December 2015

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por finalidade apresentar os princípios que baseiam a produção das Sequências Didáticas Investigativas (SDI) do grupo de pesquisa LINCE (Linguagem e Ensino de Ciências). Tais sequências têm como foco o ensino de ecologia e se utilizam do processo de alfabetização científica e do ensino por investigação para promover a produção de argumentos em sala de aula e justificar a sua importância para a aprendizagem da ciência. As sequências apresentam problemas científicos que levam à construção de argumentos. As aplicações e as análises das sequências didáticas têm demonstrado que há espaço para o desenvolvimento de argumentos falados e escritos. Porém tem sido um desafio construir orientações para que o professor possa mediar as atividades com a finalidade de produzir argumentos válidos, baseados em conhecimentos científicos em suas justificativas.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPECTRAL DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR INFECTADA POR NEMATOIDES E MIGDOLUS FRYANUS POR ESPECTRORRADIOMETRIA DE CAMPO
Authors: Martins George Deroco , Galo Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade
Published: December 2015

O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, embora assistido por técnicas modernas de plantio, é alvo constante de parasitas do sistema radicular. Por registrar seletivamente o fluxo espectral da radiação eletromagnética refletida pela vegetação, o sensoriamento remoto tornou-se uma poderosa ferramenta na detecção das plantas infectadas por patógenos do solo. Com o objetivo de caracterizar espectralmente a cana-de-açúcar sadia e infectada por nematoides e pela larva do besouro Migdolus fryanus, foram tomadas medidas radiométricas in situ e geradas curvas hiperespectrais de plantas sadias e infectadas. Técnicas específicas de análise espectral, como a determinação da posição da borda do vermelho limítrofe (Red Edge Position Determination - REPD) e diferentes índices espectrais foram avaliados para discriminar as três ocorrências. As curvas de reflectância mostraram diferenças em magnitude principalmente nos comprimentos de onda do vermelho e infravermelho próximo e, assim como a determinação do REP e os índices de clorofila b, NDVI, MCARI e TCARI, permitiram distinguir apenas entre plantas sadias e infectadas. As razões espectrais sensíveis aos pigmentos clorofila a e carotenoides, porém, discriminaram as três ocorrências, inclusive plantas infectadas por nematoides e Migdolus fryanus. A melhor discriminação foi obtida com o índice de carotenoides, um pigmento fortemente relacionado com estresse da planta
Non-linearity of gravelly soils under seismic compressional deformation based on KiK-net downhole array observations
Authors: Han B. , Yang Z. , Zdravkovic L. , Kontoe S.
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the non-linear behaviour of gravelly soils under seismic compressional deformation is investigated based on the KiK-net downhole array earthquake observations in Japan. By comparing the amplification spectra between the vertical response at the ground surface and at the bottom of downholes subjected to strong motions with those subjected to weak motions, empirical curves for constrained modulus degradation are obtained considering the different levels of vertical confining pressure. The results have shown that the non-linearity associated with compressional deformation can be as significant as that of shear deformation, for gravelly soils above water tables. The proposed curves provide satisfactory predictions for the compressional soil non-linearity investigated in previous studies. Furthermore, the proposed curves are formulated by a modified cyclic non-linear model, which can account for constrained modulus degradation under a variety of confining pressure conditions and therefore extends the application of the proposed reference curves to non-linear numerical analysis of geotechnical structures under multidirectional seismic loads.
Factores protectores e de vulnerabilidade na adaptação emocional e académica dos filhos ao divórcio dos pais
Authors: Homem Tatiana Carvalho , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Pereira Ana Isabel Leite de Freitas
Published: December 2015

Até à década de 70, a separação/divórcio conjugal era preponderantemente analisada do ponto de vista moral e jurídico e conceptualizada como um acontecimento com consequências muito negativas para o desenvolvimento dos filhos do casal. Desde essa altura, progressivamente, abordagens menos lineares e disciplinarmente mais integradoras, têm oferecido uma perspectiva sobre o divórcio como um processo complexo, que envolve várias componentes (psicológicas, legais, económicas, parentais e sociais) e que exige adaptações familiares e individuais diversas, aos pais e aos filhos. Esta nova perspectiva implica uma atenção à diversidade de trajectórias desenvolvimentais e um foco nos mecanismos e processos responsáveis por essas diferenças. Este trabalho tem como tarefa caracterizar a adaptação (avaliada através do ajustamento emocional e académico) de crianças filhas de pais divorciados, comparando-a com a apresentada por crianças pertencentes a famílias intactas. A amostra da investigação, constituída por 426 crianças do 3º e 4º ano do 1º ciclo, os seus pais e professores, foi recolhida em várias escolas públicas e privadas das regiões Norte, Centro e Sul de Portugal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v23i1.315