bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF SCAPULAR MORPHOLOGY IN DEGENERATIVE AND TRAUMATIC ROTATOR CUFF TEARS
Authors: Thakkar Samarth , Rao Seetharama , Hegde Atmananda , Mane Prajwal , Khanna Vikranth , Shetty Chethan
Published: December 2021

Background: Degenerative cuff tears have impingement pathophysiology due to altered scapular morphology as measured by increased critical shoulder angle (CSA), decreased lateral acromial angle (LAA) and increased acromion index (AI). But scapular morphology in traumatic tears has neither been studied nor compared with degenerative tears. Aim: To compare scapular morphology with CSA, LAA, AI between traumatic and degenerative tears and determine their reliability. Methods: This observational study includes 100 patients (50 with traumatic and degenerative tears). We analyzed MRI and standardized AP shoulder radiograph of these patients. Parameters, such as CSA, LAA, AI, were measured on AP radiographs by two separate observers in a blinded manner. The 1st observer repeated measurements after four weeks. We compared age, gender, degree of cuff tear, and CSA values, LAA, and AI between the two groups. Results: On comparison using chi-square test, degenerative group had significantly higher age, higher CSA (mean 37.55, SD 0.88 versus traumatic group mean 36.6, SD 0.95, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], highly significant), higher AI (mean 0.73, SD 0.02 versus traumatic mean 0.69, SD 0.04 [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], highly significant), and lower LAA (77.14, SD 2.03 versus traumatic mean 78.36, SD 2.73, [Formula: see text]-value 0.013, significant). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of parameters using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed excellent (CSA, LAA) and good (AI) agreement. ROC curve analysis calculated sensitivity (0.7) and specificity (0.66) to diagnose degenerative tear for CSA above 37.05[Formula: see text]. Conclusion: Scapular morphology in traumatic tears differs from degenerative. CSA, LAA, AI can be reliably measured on standardized shoulder AP radiographs.
Postal Automation System in Gurmukhi Script using Deep Learning
Authors: Sharma Sandhya , Gupta Sheifali , Kumar Neeraj , Arora Tanvi
Published: December 2021

Nowadays in the era of automation, the postal automation system is one of the major research areas. Developing a postal automation system for a nation like India is much troublesome than other nations because of India’s multi-script and multi-lingual behavior. This proposed work will be helpful in the postal automation of district names of Punjab (state) written in Gurmukhi script, which is the official language of the state in North India. For this, a holistic approach i.e. a segmentation-free technique has been used with the help of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep learning (DL). For the purpose of recognition, a database of 22[Formula: see text]000 images (samples) which are handwritten in Gurmukhi script for all the 22 districts of Punjab is prepared. Each sample is written two times by 500 different writers generating 1000 samples for each district name. Two CNN models are proposed which are named as ConvNetGuru and ConvNetGuruMod for the purpose of recognition. Maximum validation accuracy achieved by ConvNetGuru is 90% and ConvNetGuruMod is 98%.
Stochastic turbulence for Burgers equation driven by cylindrical Lévy process
Authors: Yuan Shenglan , Blömker Dirk , Duan Jinqiao
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to investigating stochastic turbulence for the fluid flow in one-dimensional viscous Burgers equation perturbed by Lévy space-time white noise with the periodic boundary condition. We rigorously discuss the regularity of solutions and their statistical quantities in this stochastic dynamical system. The quantities include moment estimate, structure function and energy spectrum of the turbulent velocity field. Furthermore, we provide qualitative and quantitative properties of the stochastic Burgers equation when the kinematic viscosity [Formula: see text] tends towards zero. The inviscid limit describes the strong stochastic turbulence.
Some generalizations of Shao and Beltrán’s theorem
Authors: Li Minghui , Lu Jiakuan , Zhang Boru , Meng Wei
Published: December 2021

Let G and A be finite groups of relative coprime orders and A act on G via automorphisms. In this paper, we prove that when every maximal A-invariant subgroup of G that contains the normalizer of some Sylow subgroup has prime index, then G is supersolvable; if every non-nilpotent maximal A-invariant subgroup of G has prime index or is normal in G, then G is a Sylow tower group.
Limit behavior of the rational powers of monomial ideals
Authors: Lewis James
Published: December 2021

We investigate the rational powers of ideals. We find that in the case of monomial ideals, the canonical indexing leads to a characterization of the rational powers yielding that symbolic powers of squarefree monomial ideals are indeed rational powers themselves. Using the connection with symbolic powers techniques, we use splittings to show the convergence of depths and normalized Castelnuovo–Mumford regularities. We show the convergence of Stanley depths for rational powers, and as a consequence of this, we show the before-now unknown convergence of Stanley depths of integral closure powers. Additionally, we show the finiteness of asymptotic associated primes, and we find that the normalized lengths of local cohomology modules converge for rational powers, and hence for symbolic powers of squarefree monomial ideals.
EdClust: A heuristic sequence clustering method with higher sensitivity
Authors: Cao Ming , Peng Qinke , Wei Ze-Gang , Liu Fei , Hou Yi-Fan
Published: December 2021

The development of high-throughput technologies has produced increasing amounts of sequence data and an increasing need for efficient clustering algorithms that can process massive volumes of sequencing data for downstream analysis. Heuristic clustering methods are widely applied for sequence clustering because of their low computational complexity. Although numerous heuristic clustering methods have been developed, they suffer from two limitations: overestimation of inferred clusters and low clustering sensitivity. To address these issues, we present a new sequence clustering method (edClust) based on Edlib, a C/C[Formula: see text] library for fast, exact semi-global sequence alignment to group similar sequences. The new method edClust was tested on three large-scale sequence databases, and we compared edClust to several classic heuristic clustering methods, such as UCLUST, CD-HIT, and VSEARCH. Evaluations based on the metrics of cluster number and seed sensitivity (SS) demonstrate that edClust can produce fewer clusters than other methods and that its SS is higher than that of other methods. The source codes of edClust are available from https://github.com/zhang134/EdClust.git under the GNU GPL license.
Galois covers of ℙ1 and number fields with large class groups
Authors: Gillibert Jean , Gillibert Pierre
Published: December 2021

For each finite subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], and for each integer [Formula: see text] coprime to [Formula: see text], we construct explicitly infinitely many Galois extensions of [Formula: see text] with group [Formula: see text] and whose ideal class group has [Formula: see text]-rank at least [Formula: see text]. This gives new [Formula: see text]-rank records for class groups of number fields.
Second Quantization Approach to COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Mondaini Leonardo , Meirose Bernhard , Mondaini Felipe
Published: December 2021

In this article, a stochastic SIR-type model for COVID-19 epidemic is built using the standard field theoretical language based on creation and annihilation operators. From the model, we derive the time evolution of the mean number of infectious (active cases) and deceased individuals. In order to capture the effects of lockdown and social distancing, we use a time-dependent infection rate. The results are in good agreement with the data for three different waves of epidemic activity in South Korea.
3D waviness effect of carbon nanotubes on fundamental natural frequency and modeling of resonance of nanocomposite structure
Authors: Jha Narendra Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Dodla Srihari
Published: December 2021

Optimum waviness of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside a matrix composite beam and composite bridge is endeavor to obtain its utmost natural frequencies considering a volume fraction of CNTs. 3D FE model of the beam is generated via ABAQUS along with Python programming and thereafter to calculate an optimal waviness under encastre boundary conditions and different vibration modes. The effect of waviness and the number of waves on mode shapes, natural frequency, and corresponding stiffness of a beam are examined, and the outcomes are compared to those of a pure polymer beam, straight CNT-based composite beam and nanobridge value. It was decided to conduct a convergence analysis and the optimum value of the number of elements and nodes was studied and found that 19666 nodes are reliable to give correct results. The FE analysis results reveal that the waviness effect of CNTs significantly depends on mode shapes. The fundamental natural frequency, as well as other related vibrational properties, is observed to be enhanced. By decreasing the waviness from 50 to 25, there is an increment in natural frequency in the 3rd mode by 68.68, 5th mode by 44.6 and 6th mode by 62.4, but in other modes, there is negligible difference. When single-wave CNTs were compared, the sine wave produced more frequency in the third mode by 206.03, 4th mode by 199.8 and 6th mode by 478.6 Hz. After comparing the results of different waviness types, single sine waviness, multi-waved CNTs, straight CNTs and neat matrix, it is found that for the highest value of waviness of CNT fiber-based nanocomposites, the natural frequency of CNT-reinforced nanocomposite reaches the frequency of the neat matrix and further adding of CNTs does not increase the value of frequency. The result showed that the finite element model (FEM) is a good simulation of the vibratory system.
A Web-Based Decision Support Systems Framework for Ill-Structured Decision Situations
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Md , Pramanik Bimal Kumar , Sadique Md Zafor , Ali Md Borak
Published: December 2021

Decisions and actions in an ill-structured situation often include high-time constraints, lack of information, and poor cognitive efforts. Obtaining the necessary information through an information systems tool is supposed to be the best solution in such situations. To expose the decision situation, this study has taken the fire and civil defense service as the field of study. In exploring the required information resources, elements of the system architecture, and suitability of the proposed system in the current field, this study has resorted to the qualitative approach. To assess the dependability and performance of the systems, this study has used the RAS metrics and a black-box test. The result showed that the reliability stood within 62.70–70.00%, and its availability stood at 99.00% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year from a three-month study. As per the black-box test with standard 4G network connection, the system takes an average loading time of 1.00s for alphanumeric contents, 3.50s for images and graphics, and 5.50s for loading maps and navigations. This research evidenced that, the local emergency response and rescue units in developing countries like Bangladesh might want to use a well-designed response support system for improved acquisition, dissemination, and utilization of response information.
Workings of science
Authors: Denning Peter
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions around the globe. But even despite countless deaths, global lockdowns, political unrest, and economic uncertainty there are many who insist the science behind public health policies, viral transmission research, and vaccine development is not only wrong but is part of a global agenda. So how did we get here, how has science become politicized, and what does it mean to "follow the science?" To answer these questions, Ubiquity's editors have come together to present a comprehensive overview on how science works.
Life Cycle Assessment on Environmental Sustainability of Food Processing
Authors: Chung Monique Mi Song , Bao Yiwen , Zhang Bruce Yizhe , Le Thanh Minh , Huang Jen-Yi
Published: December 2021

Food processing represents a critical part of the food supply chain that converts raw materials into safe and nutritious food products with high quality. However, the fast-growing food processing industry has imposed enormous burdens on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used for evaluating the sustainability of food systems; nonetheless, current attention mainly concentrates on the agricultural production stage. This article reviews recent LCA studies on dairy, fruits and vegetables, and beverage products, with a particular emphasis on their processing stage. The environmental impacts of various foods are summarized, and the hotspots in their processing lines as well as potential remediation strategies are highlighted. Moreover, an outlook on the environmental performance of nonthermal processing, modified atmosphere packaging, and active packaging is provided, and future research directions are recommended. This review enables quantitative assessments and comparisons to be made by food manufacturers that are devoted to implementing sustainable processing technologies.
Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy
Authors: Norton Ryan D. , Phan Hoa T. , Gibbons Stephanie N. , Haes Amanda J.
Published: December 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a powerful technique for trace molecular detection, depends on chemical and electromagnetic enhancements. While recent advances in instrumentation and substrate design have expanded the utility, reproducibility, and quantitative capabilities of SERS, some challenges persist. In this review, advances in quantitative SERS detection are discussed as they relate to intermolecular interactions, surface selection rules, and target molecule solubility and accessibility. After a brief introduction to Raman scattering and SERS, impacts of surface selection rules and enhancement mechanisms are discussed as they relate to the observation of activation and deactivation of normal Raman modes in SERS. Next, experimental conditions that can be used to tune molecular affinity to and density near SERS substrates are summarized and considered while tuning these parameters is conveyed. Finally, successful examples of quantitative SERS detection are discussed, and future opportunities are outlined.
In vivo assessment of the passive stretching response of the bicompartmental human semitendinosus muscle using shear-wave elastography
Authors: Kositsky Adam , Saxby David J. , Lesch Kim J. , Barrett Rod S. , Kröger Heikki , Lahtinen Olli , Diamond Laura E. , Korhonen Rami K. , Stenroth Lauri
Published: December 2021

We conducted an elastography-based investigation of the passive stretching response of the proximal and distal compartments of the human semitendinosus muscle and found no difference in shear modulus-joint angle curves between compartments. We also found that common musculoskeletal models tend to misestimate semitendinosus slack angle, most likely due to typical model assumptions. These results provide an important step toward a better understanding of semitendinosus passive muscle mechanics and improving computational estimates of muscle force.
An Exploratory Study on the Relationship between Brachial Arterial Blood Flow and Cardiac Output
Authors: Jia Sixiang , Wu Yiteng , Wang Wei , Lin Wenting , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Huanyu , Xia Shudong , Zhou Hong
Published: December 2021

Background. We have obtained prospective clinical outcomes using the brachial artery largely, such as Korotkoff sound and vasomotor function measurement by ultrasound guidance to predict the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Very few reports on the quantitative measurement of the relationship between the brachial artery blood flow and cardiac output have been reported. Purpose. (1) To investigate whether the quantitative relationship between the brachial artery blood flow and cardiac output existed. (2) To provide a theoretical basis for taking advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) using Korotkoff sound analogously as far as possible to predict the cardiac output. Methods. A total of 586 patients who underwent cardiac color ultrasound in our center from 2021.3 to 2021.7 were included for analyses. The vascular parameters of the right upper limb brachial artery (such as the Diameter, Area, Blood Velocity, and Flow) were measured immediately after the cardiac color ultrasound, and some basic clinical parameters (Age, Sex, BMI, and Disease) were recorded subsequently. Ultimately, the Mann–Whitney and independent sample T-test were used to analyze the data. Results. (1) The mean Rate of the brachial arterial blood flow to cardiac output was 1.23%, and the mean 95% CI was (1.18%, 1.29%), indicating that the value was mainly concentrated in the current value interval. The indicator demonstrates that there is no significant difference currently among the patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac dysfunction. (2) The brachial artery wall diameter (Dist) is significantly thicker in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension compared to patients with other cardiovascular diseases. (3) Cardiac output augments remarkably in patients with hypertension. Conclusion. Our study suggests that the Rate (brachial artery blood flow/cardiac output) is a constant of 1.23% approximately. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent application of the artificial intelligence (AI) method to predict heart function using Korotkoff sound, cope with large computational amounts, and improve computational speed. It is also indirectly proved that hypertension can lead to a change in peripheral vascular hyperplasia and increase cardiac output.
Reconfigurable Architectures with High-Frequency Noise Suppression for Wearable ECG Devices
Authors: Joseph Michael Jerard V. , Thilagaraj M. , Pandiaraj K. , Easwaran M. , Govindan Petchinathan , Elamaran V.
Published: December 2021

Recent advances in electronics and microelectronics have aided the development of low-cost devices that are widely used as well-being or preventive monitoring devices by many people. Remote health monitoring, which includes wearable sensors, actuators, and modern communication and information systems, offers effective programs that allow people to live peacefully in their own homes while also being protected in some way. High-frequency noise, power-line interface, and baseline drift are prevalent during the data-acquisition system of an ECG signal, and they can limit signal understanding. They (noises) must be isolated in order to provide an appropriate diagnostic of the patient. When removing high-frequency components (noise) from an ECG signal with an FIR filter, the critical path delay increases considerably as the filter's duration increases. To reduce high-frequency noise, simple moving average filters with pipelining and look-ahead transformation techniques are extensively used in this study. With the use of pipelining and look-ahead techniques, the only objective is to increase the clock speed of the designs. The moving average filters (conventional and proposed) were created on an Altera Cyclone IV FPGA EP4CE115F29C7 chip using the Quartus II software v13.1 tool. Finally, performance metrics such logic elements, clock speed, and power consumption were compared and studied thoroughly. The recursive pipelined 8-tap MA filter with look-ahead approach outperforms the other designs (685.48 MHz) in this investigation.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of ABCC3 in Human Glioma
Authors: Fang Dan-Dong , Huang Wei , Cheng Gang , Liu Xiao-Nan , Liu Shi-Min , Hou Bao-Sen , Mao Jian , Zhou Hu
Published: December 2021

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with an inferior survival period and unsatisfactory prognoses. Identification of novel biomarkers is important for the improvements of clinical outcomes of glioma patients. In recent years, more and more biomarkers were identified in many types of tumors. However, the sensitive markers for diagnoses and prognoses of patients with glioma remained unknown. In the present research, our team intended to explore the expression and clinical significance of ABCC3 in glioma patients. Sequential data filtration (survival analyses, independent prognosis analyses, ROC curve analyses, and clinical association analyses) was completed, which gave rise to the determination of the relationship between glioma and the ABCC3 gene. Clinical assays on the foundation of CGGA and TCGA datasets unveiled that ABCC3 expression was distinctly upregulated in glioma and predicted a shorter overall survival. In the multivariable Cox analysis, our team discovered that the expression of ABCC3 was an independent prognosis marker for both 5-year OS (HR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.052–1.188;

P
<
0.001

). Moreover, our team also studied the association between ABCC3 expression and clinical features of glioma patients, finding that differential expression of ABCC3 was remarkably related to age, 1p19q codeletion, PRS type, chemo status, grade, IDH mutation state, and histology. Overall, our findings suggested ABCC3 might be a novel prognosis marker in glioma.
Neuroprotective Effect of Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) on Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Anesthetized by Ketamine under Denoising Algorithm-Based Ultrasound Image Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Weili , Huang Mingwei , Lin Tingting , Lu Chengzhi , Liu Jiandong
Published: December 2021

This study was to investigate the value of ultrasound technology based on the bilateral filtering noise elimination algorithm in evaluating the neuroprotective effect of monosialoganglioside in ketamine-anesthetized Parkinson’s disease patients. The research subjects were 75 patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted to the hospital. The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to different treatment methods: A (GM1 + ketamine anesthesia group), B (conventional treatment + ketamine anesthesia group), and C (GM1 + nonketamine anesthesia group), with 25 patients in each group. Twenty-five healthy people with similar general data in the three groups (groups A, B, and C) were also selected as the control group (group D). All patients underwent ultrasonography, and ultrasound images were processed using the bilateral filter noise elimination. Structural similarity (SSIM), mean absolute error (MAE), and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) were used to evaluate the treatment effect. Plasma phospholipids, the third part of the PD unified score scale, Montreal cognitive assessment scale, and other indicators were analyzed and compared among the four groups. The bilateral filtering image noise was effectively suppressed, and the edge details were kept well. Some of the weak edges and texture information in the image were eliminated, the visual effect was ideal, and the accuracy of the edges of the picture remained good. The serotonin lipid level in group A was greatly lower than the serum phospholipid level in group B after GM1 treatment (6.55 VS 7.84,

P
<
0.05

). Compared with that before treatment, the serotonin lipid level of group A patients decreased after the treatment, and the difference was considerable (7.46 VS 6.55,

P
<
0.05

). In short, GM1 had a protective effect on the nerves of patients with Parkinson’s disease anesthetized by ketamine.
Topical Vitamin C Promotes the Recovery of Corneal Alkali Burns in Mice
Authors: Li Min , Chen Zufeng , Liu Lin , Ma Xiaoyun , Zou Jun
Published: December 2021

Background. Vitamin C (Vc) has been found to promote corneal wound healing after alkali burns. However, the specific mechanism and functional modes are still unclear. The present study sought to assess the mechanisms of Vc function on corneal alkali burns. Methods. Eighty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: a normal group without alkali injury (n = 10), an alkali injury group without any treatment (1-day group, n = 10), a Vc group treated with topical 10% Vc (Vc group, n = 30), and a control group treated with topical sterile water (control group, n = 30). Except in the blank control group, the alkali injuries were induced in one eye of each mouse. The mice in the treatment group were given Vc by topical application (q 1 h for 6 days), while those in the control group were given topical sterile water. The clinical evaluations, including corneal fluorescent staining, corneal opacity, and neovascularization, were assessed on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 using slit-lamp microscopy. Ten mice at each time point were sacrificed. The protein expressions in the corneas of p63, PCNA, CK3, MPO, CD31, and α-SMA were detected by immunohistochemistry to examine the corneal epithelial stem cells, corneal epithelium wound healing, corneal stroma inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Results. The scores of the corneal epithelium defects, corneal neovascularization, and corneal opacities in the Vc group were significantly decreased compared to the control group on day 10. We found that Vc promoted the activation of the corneal epithelial stem cells as shown by a higher number of p63-positive and PCNA-positive cells and an increased CK3 expression when compared with the control group

p
<
0.001

. The central corneal re-epithelialization was completed by day 10. Moreover, Vc inhibited MPO, CD31, and α-SMA expressions. These results first indicated that the frequent use of topical Vc in the first 6 days of corneal alkali burns alleviated corneal inflammatory cell infiltration, activated corneal epithelial stem cell activity, and reduced corneal neovascularization and fibrosis within 10 days. Conclusions. The study, therefore, showed the therapeutic benefits of Vc on corneal alkali burns and provided new insight into the mechanisms of Vc regulation on corneal wound healing.
Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Trunk: A Combined Strategy Using an Effective Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation
Authors: Wardani Agustin Krisna , Sutrisno Aji , Faida Titik Nur , Yustina Retno Dwi , Murdiyatmo Untung
Published: December 2021

Background. Oil palm trunk (OPT) with highly cellulose content is a valuable bioresource for bioethanol production. To produce ethanol from biomass, pretreatment is an essential step in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. Several pretreatment methods have been developed to overcome biomass recalcitrance. In this study, the effects of different pretreatment methods such as alkali pretreatment, microwave-alkali, and alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave on the lignocellulosic biomass structure were investigated. Moreover, ethanol production from the treated biomass was performed by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) under different temperatures, fermentation times, and cell ratios of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 479 and pentose-utilizing yeast, Pichia stipitis NCYC 1541. Results. Pretreatment resulted in a significant lignin removal up to 83.26% and cellulose released up to 80.74% in treated OPT by alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave method. Enzymatic hydrolysis of treated OPT resulted in an increase in fermentable sugar up to 93.22%. Optimization of SSCF by response surface method showed that the coculture could work together to produce maximum ethanol (1.89%) and fermentation efficiency (66.14%) under the optimized condition. Conclusion. Pretreatment by alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave method and SSCF process could be expected as a promising system for ethanol production from oil palm trunk and various lignocellulosic biomass.
Designing an Efficient and Highly Dynamic Substitution-Box Generator for Block Ciphers Based on Finite Elliptic Curves
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Azam Naveed Ahmed , Hayat Umar
Published: December 2021

Developing a substitution-box (S-box) generator that can efficiently generate a highly dynamic S-box with good cryptographic properties is a hot topic in the field of cryptography. Recently, elliptic curve (EC)-based S-box generators have shown promising results. However, these generators use large ECs to generate highly dynamic S-boxes and thus may not be suitable for lightweight cryptography, where the computational power is limited. The aim of this paper is to develop and implement such an S-box generator that can be used in lightweight cryptography and perform better in terms of computation time and security resistance than recently designed S-box generators. To achieve this goal, we use ordered ECs of small size and binary sequences to generate certain sequences of integers which are then used to generate S-boxes. We performed several standard analyses to test the efficiency of the proposed generator. On an average, the proposed generator can generate an S-box in 0.003 seconds, and from 20,000 S-boxes generated by the proposed generator,

93
%

S-boxes have at least the nonlinearity 96. The linear approximation probability of 1000 S-boxes that have the best nonlinearity is in the range [0.117, 0.172] and more than 99% S-boxes have algebraic complexity at least 251. All these S-boxes have the differential approximation probability value in the interval [0.039, 0.063]. Computational results and comparisons suggest that our newly developed generator takes less running time and has high security against modern attacks as compared to several existing well-known generators, and hence, our generator is suitable for lightweight cryptography. Furthermore, the usage of binary sequences in our generator allows generating plaintext-dependent S-boxes which is crucial to resist chosen-plaintext attacks.
Research and Design of Automatic Scoring Algorithm for English Composition Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Yu
Published: December 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence and big data, the concept of “Internet plus education” has gradually become popular, including automatic scoring system based on machine learning. Countries all over the world vigorously promote the deep integration of information technology and discipline teaching in various fields. English is a medium of communication in the current era of education information development trend. English composition automatic scoring mode is gradually accepted by the majority of educators and applied in the actual classroom teaching. However, the research of English composition automatic grading in teaching space is not perfect. Most systems have used traditional algorithms. Therefore, this paper constructs the automatic scoring algorithm and sentence elegance feature scoring algorithm of English composition based on machine learning, explores the influence of the algorithm on English writing teaching, and proves the correctness of the design idea and algorithm of this paper through a lot of experiments.
Effect of Pole Number on Generator End Winding Electromagnetic Force and Mechanical Response before and after RISC
Authors: Jiang Hong-Chun , He Yu-Ling , Tang Gui-Ji
Published: December 2021

This paper comparatively studies on the end winding electromagnetic force and mechanical response for generators with different numbers of poles. The analytical expression of the end winding electromagnetic force is derived under the rotor winding interturn short circuit (RISC) considering the pole number. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional transient finite element simulation is carried on two generators with one-pair poles and three-pair poles. Then, the frequency composition and amplitude variation characteristics of the radial, axial, and tangential electromagnetic forces are analyzed. Further, the maximum stress and deformation on the end winding are calculated and the similarity and difference of the coil failure law are obtained for two kinds of generators. It is found that RISC will bring odd harmonics to electromagnetic force for one-pair pole generators but it will bring odd and fraction harmonics for multipair pole generators. Moreover, the max mechanical response under RISC will decrease for one-pair pole generators but it will increase for multipair pole generators.
Effects of Physical Exercises on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in Children with Asthma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu YiRan , Zhao Yan , Liu Fang , Liu Lin
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in children with bronchial asthma. Methods. A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform to identify any relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to April 2021. The Cochrane risk of the bias tool was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and RevMan 5.3 was applied to perform data analyses. Results. A total of 22 RCTs involving 1346 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exercise had significant advantages in improving lung function and exercising capacity and quality of life in children with asthma compared with conventional treatment, such as the forced vital capacity to predicted value ratio (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.40, and

P
<
0.0001

), the peak expiratory flow to predicted value ratio (MD = 4.53; 95% CI: 1.27, 7.80, and

P
=
0.007

), the 6-minute walk test (MD = 110.65; 95% CI: 31.95, 189.34, and

P
=
0.006

), rating of perceived effort (MD = −2.28; 95% CI: −3.21, −1.36, and

P
<
0.0001

), and peak power (MD = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.52, and

P
=
0.001

) on exercise capacity and pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (MD = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.95, and

P
=
0.0002

) on quality of life. However, no significant difference was observed in the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity

P
=
0.25

and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second to predicted value ratio

P
=
0.07

. Conclusions. Current evidence shows that exercise has a certain effect on improving pulmonary function recovery, exercise capacity, and quality of life in children with bronchial asthma. Given the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, further research and verification are needed to guide clinical application.
Effect of Pericytes on Cerebral Microvasculature at Different Time Points of Stroke
Authors: Di Zhong , Wu Xin , Xie Wei , Lin Xianming
Published: December 2021

Pericyte, as an important component of the blood‐brain barrier, has received increasing attention in the study of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of pericytes after the occurrence of cerebral ischemia is controversial. On the one hand, the expression of pericytes increases after cerebral ischemia, constricting the blood vessels to restrict blood supply and aggravating the damage caused by ischemia; on the other hand, pericytes participate in capillary angiogenesis in the ischemic area, which facilitates the repair of the ischemic injury area. The multifunctionality of pericytes is an important reason for this phenomenon, but the different time points of observation for the outcome indicators in each study are also an important factor that leads to the controversy of pericytes. Based on the review of a large database of original studies, the authors’ team summarized the effects of pericytes on cerebral microvasculature at different time points after stroke, searched the possible markers, and explored possible therapeutic.
Knowledge, Practice, and Availability of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors in Jibat Woreda, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Tamiru Badasa , Fite Meseret Belete
Published: December 2021

Appropriate knowledge, practice, and availability of iodized salt are used to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. However, little is known about the availability of adequately iodized salt in the western part of Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice, and availability of iodized salt and associated factors at household level in Jibat woreda, Ethiopia. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using structured and pretested questionnaire interview. Sampling salt was tested by the iodometric titration method. The result showed that iodine content more than 90% was considered as adequately iodized salt. The result of this study shown that among the 357 salt samples, 191(53.5%) households had good knowledge on iodized salt while 166 (46.5%) had poor knowledge on iodized salt. In addition, the result of the study revealed that 162 (45.4%) had good practice of iodized salt, whereas 195 (54.6%) had poor practice of iodized salt. The result of this study also shown that 149 (41.7%) households were using adequately iodized salt while 208 (58.3%) were using inadequate iodized salt in study area. Residence area, education level, household job, and average monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge of iodized salt at household level. Residence area, educational level, average monthly income, and expose to sunlight were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt. In this finding, the knowledge and practices of iodized salt at household level in Jibat woreda, Ethiopia, were poor, and the availability of iodine in iodized salt was inadequate. This is associated to residence area, education level of household, and average monthly income. Therefore, any concerned body/institution should have to work in the above gabs of the knowledge, practice, and availability of iodized salt.
MEK1/2 Inhibitor (GDC0623) Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Primary Osteoblasts Inhibited by IL-1β through the MEK-Erk1/2 and Jak/Stat3 Pathways
Authors: Zhang Zeng-Qiao , Hu Xiao-Shen , Lu Ye-Chen , Zhang Jun-Peng , Li Wen-Yao , Zhang Wei-Yang , Feng Wei , Ding Dao-Fang , Xu Jian-Guang
Published: December 2021

Objective. We evaluated the effects and mechanisms of GDC0623 on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts induced by IL-1β. Methodology. Osteoblasts were treated with 20 ng/ml IL-1β and 0.1 µM GDC0623. Cell proliferation levels were evaluated by the cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), EdU assay, and western blotting [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1]. Osteoblasts were cultured in an osteogenic induction medium for 1–3 weeks after which their differentiations were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, calcium concentration, immunocytochemistry staining, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining. The osteogenesis-associated mechanisms were further evaluated by western blotting using appropriate antibodies. Results. Relative to the control group, IL-1β induced the rapid proliferation of osteoblasts and suppressed their osteogenic differentiations by upregulating the activities of MEK-Erk1/2 as well as Jak-Stat3 pathways and by elevating MMP13 and MMP9 levels. However, blocking of the MEK-Erk1/2 signaling pathway by GDC0623 treatment reversed these effects. Conclusion. Inhibition of Jak-Stat3 pathway by C188-9 downregulated the expression levels of MMP9 and MMP13, activated MEK-Erk1/2 pathway, and inhibited osteogenic differentiation.
How Does Fiscal Policy Affect Bank Credit? Evidence from China
Authors: Yan Huan , Xiao Weiguo , Deng Qi , Xiong Sisi
Published: December 2021

Using a set of Chinese economic data and a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, this paper investigates the transmission channels of fiscal policy to bank credit in China. We find that increases in tax revenue can increase bank credit through external financing premium channel, collateral channel, and bank liquidity channel. We also find that increases in government spending can reduce bank credit through bank liquidity channel and increase bank credit through external financing premium channel and collateral channel.
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Table Tennis Trajectory Based on Digital Video Image Processing
Authors: He Chuan , Zhang Xiaoquan , Gui Yulong , Liu Yang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2021

Digital sports training based on digital video image processing promises to reduce the reliance on the experience of coaches in the table tennis training process and to achieve a more general physical education base. Based on this approach, this paper describes the specific forms of exercise content, movement characteristics, and skill levels in the table tennis framework and specifies the calculation methods of motion capture and movement characteristics suitable for table tennis. Meanwhile, to further improve the accuracy of the inertial motion capture system in restoring the position posture of the trainees, this paper improves the original inertial motion capture system from two aspects: contact judgment of both feet and correction of the position posture based on the contact position constraint. The simulation results show that the corrected human posture has good action smoothness. This paper first proposes a knowledge-based generic sports-assisted training framework based on generalizing the traditional sports training model. The framework contains four main modules: domain knowledge, trainees, sport evaluation, and controller. The domain knowledge module is a digital representation of the knowledge of the exercise content, improvement instructions, and skill indicators of the sport; the trainee module is the active response of the trainee to the exercise content and improvement instructions; the motion evaluation module uses motion capture technology to obtain the raw motion data of the trainee and further calculates the motion characteristics; the controller module proposes improvement instructions to the trainee or makes him/her practice new content based on the results of the motion evaluation. Based on the results of the motion evaluation, the controller module proposes improvement instructions or makes the trainee practice new content until the trainee achieves the desired goal.
Popular Song Composition Based on Deep Learning and Neural Network
Authors: Kuang Jun , Yang Tingfeng
Published: December 2021

For the general public, composition appears to be professional and the threshold is relatively high. However, automatic composition can improve this problem, allowing more ordinary people to participate in the composition, especially popular music composition, so the music becomes more entertaining, and its randomness can also inspire professionals. This article combines deep learning to extract note features from the demonstration audio and builds a neural network model to complete the composition of popular music. The main work of this paper is as follows. First, we extract the characteristic notes, draw on the design process of mel-frequency cepstral coefficient extraction, and combine the characteristics of piano music signals to extract the note characteristics of the demonstration music. Then, the neural network model is constructed, using the memory function of the cyclic neural network and the characteristics of processing sequence data, the piano notes are combined into a sequence according to the musical theory rules, and the neural network model automatically learns this rule and then generates the note sequence. Finally, the ideal popular piano music scores are divided into online music lover scores and offline professional ratings. The score index is obtained, and each index is weighted by the entropy weight method.
A Chaotic Oscillator Based on Meminductor, Memcapacitor, and Memristor
Authors: Liu Xingce , Bi Xiuguo , Yan Huizhen , Mou Jun
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a hyperchaotic circuit consisting of a series memristor, meminductor, and memcapacitor is proposed. The dimensionless mathematical model of the system is established by the state equation of the circuit. The stability of equilibrium point of the system is analyzed by using the traditional dynamic analysis method. Then, the dynamical characteristics of the chaotic system with parameters are analyzed in detail. In addition, the system also has some particular phenomena such as attractor coexistence and state transition. Finally, the circuit is realized by DSP, and the result is consistent with that of numerical simulation. This proves the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. Numerical simulation result shows which hyperchaotic system has very abundant dynamical characteristics.
Airway Management Failure after Delayed Extubation in a Patient with Oral Malignant Melanoma Who Underwent Partial Mandibulectomy and Reconstruction with a Free Flap
Authors: Kwon Min A. , Song Jaegyok , Kim Seokkon , Oh Pyeung-wha , Kang Minji
Published: December 2021

Maxillofacial surgery may cause severe complications in perioperative airway management. We report a case of failed airway management in a patient who underwent segmental mandibulectomy, radical neck dissection, and reconstruction with a free flap. The patient was extubated approximately 36 hours after surgery. Approximately 7 hours after extubation, the patient complained of dyspnoea, and respiratory failure followed. Bag-mask ventilation, direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy, and supraglottic airway access were ineffective. The surgical airway was secured with an emergency tracheostomy while performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the patient experienced permanent hypoxic brain damage. The airway of patients with oral cancer may be compromised postoperatively due to surgical trauma and bulky flap reconstruction. Patients should be closely monitored during the postoperative period to prevent airway failure. Early diagnosis and airway management before airway failure occurs are important. Medical staff should be aware of airway management algorithms, be trained to perform difficult airway management, and have the required equipment readily available.
On Some Coincidence Best Proximity Point Results
Authors: Saleem Naeem , Ahmad Haroon , Aydi Hassen , Ulrich Gaba Yaé
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we discuss some (coincidence) best proximity point results for generalized proximal contractions and

λ
−
μ

-proximal Geraghty contractions in controlled metric type spaces. To clarify our study, various examples are given and some conclusions are drawn.
Higher Expression of SPP1 Predicts Poorer Survival Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bie Tongwu , Zhang Xuewen
Published: December 2021

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) participated in various biological processes in many cancers, including immune response, tumor progression, and prognosis. However, SPP1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. Clinical-genetic data of HNSCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differential expression of SPP1 in HNSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was quantified by bioinformatics methods and verified by western blot and other differential biological methods. We concluded that SPP1 is significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and can become a prognostic biomarker for HNSCC.