bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence for the study of human ageing: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bernal Mary Carlota , Batista Edgar , Martínez-Ballesté Antoni , Solanas Agusti
Published: September 2024

As society experiences accelerated ageing, understanding the complex biological processes of human ageing, which are affected by a large number of variables and factors, becomes increasingly crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for ageing research, offering the ability to detect patterns, make accurate predictions, and extract valuable insights from large volumes of complex, heterogeneous data. As ageing research increasingly leverages AI techniques, we present a timely systematic literature review to explore the current state-of-the-art in this field following a rigorous and transparent review methodology. As a result, a total of 77 articles have been identified, summarised, and categorised based on their characteristics. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been extensively used to analyse diverse datasets, comprising imaging, genetic, behavioural, and contextual data. Findings showcase the potential of AI in predicting age-related outcomes, developing ageing biomarkers, and determining factors associated with healthy ageing. However, challenges related to data quality, interpretability of AI models, and privacy and ethical considerations have also been identified. Despite the advancements, novel approaches suggest that there is still room for improvement to provide personalised AI-driven healthcare services and promote active ageing initiatives with the ultimate goal of enhancing the quality of life and well-being of older adults.

Graphical abstract

Overview of the literature review.
Advanced myocardial characterization and function with cardiac CT
Authors: Lisi Costanza , Moser Lukas J. , Mergen Victor , Klambauer Konstantin , Uçar Eda , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem
Published: September 2024

Non-invasive imaging with characterization and quantification of the myocardium with computed tomography (CT) became feasible owing to recent technical developments in CT technology. Cardiac CT can serve as an alternative modality when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and/or echocardiography are contraindicated, not feasible, inconclusive, or non-diagnostic. This review summarizes the current and potential future role of cardiac CT for myocardial characterization including a summary of late enhancement techniques, extracellular volume quantification, and strain analysis. In addition, this review highlights potential fields for research about myocardial characterization with CT to possibly include it in clinical routine in the future.

Graphical Abstract

Cardiac computed tomography as an increasingly important alternative for myocardial tissue characterization and functional assessment.
Effect of samarium oxide addition on the structural, thermal, and optical properties and photoluminescence of lithium borate glass
Authors: Al-Refaey Nada N. , El-Maboud A. Abd , Abdelghany A. , Kashif I.
Published: September 2024

The samples were prepared in compliance with the form 33 Li2O–66 B2O3—(1-x) AgF—x Sm2O3, where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. Powdered samples were converted to a glassy state via melting and quenching. The glassiness of the prepared samples was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). From the absorption spectra of the prepared glass samples, the band gap in the optical spectrum changed slightly in the range of 3.45, whereas the Urbach energy decreased from 0.32 to 0.267 eV. The fluctuations of the optical band gap and Urbach energy can be attributed to variations in the glass structure. Sm3 + emitted intense reddish-orange light under blue and UV light excitation. There are six excitation bands in the Sm3+ excitation spectrum situated in the blue and UV regions, peaking at 361.7, 374, 400, 417, 462, and 475 nm, which are attributed to the transitions from 6H5/2 to 4D3/2, 6P7/2, 6P3/2, 6P5/2, 4I13/2, and 4I11/2 respectively. The transition from 6H5/2 to 6P3/2 had the highest intensity and was associated with a peak at 400 nm. The bright yellow, reddish-orange, and red emission bands of the Sm3+ ions in the oxide glasses are related to the 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2, and 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 emission transitions, respectively.
Absence of Local Conserved Quantity in the Heisenberg Model with Next-Nearest-Neighbor Interaction
Authors: Shiraishi Naoto
Published: September 2024

We rigorously prove that the $$S=1/2$$

S
=
1
/
2

anisotropic Heisenberg chain (XYZ chain) with next-nearest-neighbor interaction, which is anticipated to be non-integrable, is indeed non-integrable in the sense that this system has no nontrivial local conserved quantity. Our result covers some important models including the Majumdar–Ghosh model, the Shastry–Sutherland model, and many other zigzag spin chains as special cases. These models are shown to be non-integrable while they have some solvable energy eigenstates. In addition to this result, we provide a pedagogical review of the proof of non-integrability of the $$S=1/2$$

S
=
1
/
2

XYZ chain with Z magnetic field, whose proof technique is employed in our result.
Seismic hazard assessment for some selected historical pharaonic temples’ sites, south of Egypt
Authors: Hamed Ahmed , El-Amin Ezzat M. , Abdel Gowad Ahmed M. , Adly Ashraf
Published: September 2024

Egypt is fortunate to be less prone to natural disasters compared to other parts of the world. However, the seismic activity is low to moderate. Therefore, this relative stability is a positive factor for preserving the archeological sites. This cultural heritage is a major source of national income. Consequently, there is a strong interest from the state to preserve these sites from any probable natural hazards, especially the earthquakes. In the current study, the seismic hazard assessment has been conducted for south of Egypt, in particular at eight pharaonic temples’ sites, utilizing the probabilistic seismic hazard approach within a logic-tree framework. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA) values on rock site conditions have been estimated according to NEHRP site classification. The obtained seismic hazard maps show that Kalabsha, Abu Dabbab and Gulf of Suez seismic zones control the distribution of the ground-motion parameters. In addition, the uniform hazard spectra have been estimated to display that, the temple of Abu Simble is located away from Kalabsha seismic active zone, where the expected PGA and SA values at different return periods is relatively low in comparison with the other temples. Moreover, the ground-motion levels are also deaggregated at the temples' sites and the results indicate that, the distance to the seismic sources which mostly contributes to the seismic hazard is almost controlled by the nearby seismic sources. Therefore, the obtained results could serve as starting point to evaluate and mitigate the seismic risk at those precious historic sites.
Environmental identity and perceived salience of policy issues in coastal communities: a moderated-mediation analysis
Authors: George Pallavi Rachel , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2024

Risk perception influences the perceived salience of various policy issues. In this study, we examine the pathways through which environmental identity influences the perceived salience of two kinds of policy issues—climate change (climate mitigation and climate adaptation) and development (economic growth and infrastructure). Based on a dataset of 503 respondents from coastal communities along the east coast of the United States, our findings indicate that environmental identity is associated with a greater perceived salience of climate mitigation, and that this relationship is mediated by hydrometeorological disaster risk perception. While we found no significant total effect of environmental identity on the perceived salience of climate adaptation, perceived salience of infrastructure development, and perceived salience of economic growth, hydrometeorological disaster risk perception was found to fully mediate all three relationships. Also, the mediated relationships were found to be significantly moderated by gender identity, but not by age (except for the perceived salience of infrastructure development). The study highlights the pivotal role of hydrometeorological risk perception in modifying the perceived importance of different policy issues among environmentalists and has implications for policy and planning in coastal regions.
Skeletal fragility in pituitary disease: how can we predict fracture risk?
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Berton Alessandro Maria , Barale Marco , Aversa Luigi Simone , Sauro Lorenzo , Presti Michela , Mocellini Francesca , Sagone Noemi , Ghigo Ezio , Procopio Massimo , Grottoli Silvia
Published: September 2024

Pituitary hormones play a crucial role in regulating skeletal physiology, and skeletal fragility is a frequent complication of pituitary diseases. The ability to predict the risk of fracture events is crucial for guiding therapeutic decisions; however, in patients with pituitary diseases, fracture risk estimation is particularly challenging. Compared to primary osteoporosis, the evaluation of bone mineral density by dual X-ray absorptiometry is much less informative about fracture risk. Moreover, the reliability of standard fracture risk calculators does not have strong validations in this setting. Morphometric vertebral assessment is currently the cornerstone in the assessment of skeletal fragility in patients with pituitary diseases, as prevalent fractures remain the strongest predictor of future fracture events. In recent years, new tools for evaluating bone quality have shown promising results in assessing bone impairment in patients with pituitary diseases, but most available data are cross-sectional, and evidence regarding the prediction of incident fractures is still scarce. Of note, apart from measures of bone density and bone quality, the estimation of fracture risk in the context of pituitary hyperfunction or hypofunction cannot ignore the evaluation of factors related to the underlying disease, such as its severity and duration, as well as the specific therapies implemented for its treatment. Aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of all major evidence regarding fracture risk prediction in patients with pituitary disease, highlighting the need for a tailored approach that critically integrates all clinical, biochemical, and instrumental data according to the specificities of each disease.
Borders, Movement, and Global Egalitarianism
Authors: Gadomski Mike
Published: September 2024

Despite their theoretical attractiveness, global egalitarian arguments for open borders face the worry that open borders would in fact exacerbate inequality. In this paper, I offer a response to such egalitarian consequentialist concerns. I argue that they fail to attend to the larger political and economic forces that create and maintain inequality. Even in cases where immigration conflicts with egalitarian goals, the conflicts tend to be due to contingent circumstances that egalitarians have reason to change. As such, they do not pose a deep challenge for egalitarian defenses of open borders. However, they do illuminate an important and overlooked point: egalitarians should construe open borders as part of a broad and coherent global egalitarian program, both politically and philosophically. This is in contrast to an approach that sees the border question as an isolated and abstract philosophical question. Furthermore, egalitarians would do well to engage the political economic factors that drive migration in our world, and to buttress their concerns of distributive justice with arguments emphasizing the negative effects of the global border regime on social and relational equality.
The urban in ecology: a quantitative textual analysis of the scientific literature over a century
Authors: Flaminio Silvia , Salomon Cavin Joëlle , Guex Guillaume , Moretti Marco
Published: September 2024

Many authors have described ‘urban ecology’ as a subfield of ecology that emerged in the 1990s and has expanded exponentially. We propose to take a step further and analyse the expansion of the ‘urban’ in ecology with a novel quantitative approach, with the aim to better understand the relationship between ecology and the urban. Previous quantitative assessments of the urban in ecology have focused on short to medium time spans (5 to 40 years) and on research coined as ‘urban ecology’, and have rarely considered the content of publications (e.g., vocabulary and topics) using quantitative methods. In this paper, we conduct a bibliometric assessment and an in-depth quantitative textual data analysis of a corpus of 960 articles published from 1922 to 2018 in 10 leading English-language journals in ecology and conservation biology. We address the following questions: (1) When and how have urban environments been integrated into ecological research during the past century? (2) What urban research topics have been investigated in ecology during the same period? (3) How have these research topics changed through time? Our results show that the urban was never entirely absent from publications in ecology. The quantitative analyses highlight three turning points (1970s, 1990s and 2000s) in the relationship between ecology and the urban. Moreover, they help visualize the shift from particularly scattered publications at the beginning of the period to publications characterized by a more homogeneous vocabulary, reflecting the stabilization of a research field focused on the urban in ecology.
Solving clustered low-rank semidefinite programs arising from polynomial optimization
Authors: Leijenhorst Nando , de Laat David
Published: September 2024

We study a primal-dual interior point method specialized to clustered low-rank semidefinite programs requiring high precision numerics, which arise from certain multivariate polynomial (matrix) programs through sums-of-squares characterizations and sampling. We consider the interplay of sampling and symmetry reduction as well as a greedy method to obtain numerically good bases and sample points. We apply this to the computation of three-point bounds for the kissing number problem, for which we show a significant speedup. This allows for the computation of improved kissing number bounds in dimensions 11 through 23. The approach performs well for problems with bad numerical conditioning, which we show through new computations for the binary sphere packing problem.
Urgency an important factor when assessing fecal incontinence
Authors: Almkvist Louise , Gunnarsson Ulf , Strigård Karin
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate if Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score contributed with complementary information to Wexner score when assessing fecal incontinence (FI). The hypothesis was that LARS score would be likely to provide complementary information to Wexner score in the assessment of FI regardless of etiology. LARS score has been used as a complement to traditional scoring systems to assess bowel dysfunction, targeting FI among patients after radical cystectomy, in women with endometriosis, and in colorectal cancer patients. Wexner score as a single tool does not address the complexity of FI and urgency, a disabling symptom. A retrospective cohort study at a surgical outpatient clinic included patients diagnosed with FI who answered LARS and Wexner scores questionnaires at their first visit to the clinic between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018. Kendall’s tau, Spearman rank correlation, Cohen’s kappa, and scatterplots were analyzed for participants and specific subgroups to assess any correlation and agreement between answers to the two scoring systems. One hundred nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria, one hundred eight women and eleven men. Kendall’s tau ranged from 0.32 to 0.39, indicating lack of correlation. Correlation coefficients using Spearman rank ranged from 0.36 to 0.55, i.e., only fair to moderate correlation. Kappa was 0.21–0.28, i.e., only slight to fair agreement. Distribution of LARS and Wexner scores in the scatterplot showed wide variability and lack of agreement. Combined use of both the Wexner and LARS scores provided complimentary information, and thus a more complete mapping of FI as well as taking all entities in consideration.
Ammonites from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian- early Kimmeridgian) of central-eastern Mexico and their paleobiogeographic relationship with Cuba, Chile, and Argentina
Authors: López-Palomino Isabel , Villaseñor Ana B. , Palma-Ramírez Arturo
Published: September 2024

Three bearing mid-late Oxfordian and early Kimmeridgian ammonite stratigraphic sections, corresponding to the Santiago Formation, located in the surroundings of Tamán (San Luis Potosí), Tenango, and La Mesa-El Pescado (both in Hidalgo) towns were studied. The presence of the genera Passendorferia, Neumannia, Sequeirosia (Gemmellarites), Perisphinctes (Otosphinctes), and Gregoryceras support the existence of an extensive communication via with the Tethys during the Plicatilis-Transverarium Chrons. On the other hand, for the Bifurcatus Chron, fauna with Tethys affinity is still recognized, including the genera Neoprionoceras, Subdiscosphinctes, Ochetoceras, and Euaspidoceras. In addition, is possible to establish a paleobiogeographic affinity with Cuba, Chile, and Argentina based on the occurrence of Vinalesphinctes, Perisphinctes (Cubasphinctes), and Caracoliceras, which is also supported by the presence of Physodoceras and Subnebrodites in the Hypselum/Bimammatum Chrons. Finally, the record of Passendorferia, Ochetoceras, and Euaspidoceras throughout the entire stratigraphic succession confirms that the connection with the Tethys was present throughout the Oxfordian and early Kimmeridgian. Based on these paleogeographic interpretations, the Tethys influence on the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian Mexican ammonite faunas is confirmed. For areas currently integrated into Cuba, the record in Mexico of forms with Cuban affinity reveals the existence of a paleobiogeographic entity in the northern margin of the western portion of the Hispanic Corridor; while the faunal affinity with Chile and Argentina is interpreted as evidence of a connection with these epicontinental areas, which favors dispersal by marine currents.
Factors Affecting Nurses’ Disaster Preparedness in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gülen Sibel , Yıldız Mevlüt
Published: September 2024

Objective:

It is of critical importance to determine the factors that contribute to nurses’ disaster preparedness. This study aimed to examine nurses’ perceptions of disaster preparedness and the factors affecting it.

Methods:

This descriptive study was conducted with 464 nurses working in the East Marmara region of Türkiye. The data were collected online using the “Personal Information Form,” “The Scale of Perception of Disaster Preparedness on Nurses,” and the “Adult Motivation Scale.” Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results:

It was found that nurses possessed a high level of perceived disaster preparedness, influenced by individual disaster preparedness, status of receiving disaster-related training, willingness to respond in the case of a disaster, disaster plan awareness, experience with caring for disaster victims, extrinsic motivation, and general motivation.

Conclusions:

The results of the study offer evidence that can be implemented by managers and educators to better prepare nurses for disasters. Hospital administrators and policy makers should consider the factors affecting nurses’ perception of disaster preparedness to develop solutions for such disasters.
The triangular relationship between Danish, Nordic, and European law
Authors: Esmark Magnus
Published: September 2024

In this Article, I show how Danish reception of EC/EU law has been shaped by Nordic law and the connections between Danish and other Nordic jurists in a triangular system of social arenas. The purpose is to show in a concrete case that understanding the history of EU law in Member States requires us to engage increasingly with its connections to transnational legal orders and social structures that are older and different to the EU. In this, I aim to contribute to a history and sociology of EU law that puts its contingency at the forefront and removes EU from the main stage. The Article is based on the archives of the Nordic Jurist Meetings, a triennial conference of Nordic jurists dating back 150 years. I contextualise the debates with contemporary developments in the reception of EC/EU law within Denmark. I argue that Nordic law has played a special role in the history of EC/EU law in Denmark, as a source of reciprocal legitimation between the legal elites of the five Nordic countries. Whereas the Danish legal elite first believed in synergy between Nordic and EC law, the increased use of EU law to challenge this very elite during the 1990s onwards made them see Nordic law as in a principled, values-based opposition to European law. I argue that engagement in Nordic law has shaped Danish jurists’ perception of EU law, just as it has been mobilised in a defence of the Danish legal order against EU law.
The definable content of homological invariants II: Čech cohomology and homotopy classification
Authors: Bergfalk Jeffrey , Lupini Martino , Panagiotopoulos Aristotelis
Published: September 2024

This is the second installment in a series of papers applying descriptive set theoretic techniques to both analyze and enrich classical functors from homological algebra and algebraic topology. In it, we show that the Čech cohomology functors on the category of locally compact separable metric spaces each factor into (i) what we term their definable version, a functor taking values in the category

$\mathsf {GPC}$

of groups with a Polish cover (a category first introduced in this work’s predecessor), followed by (ii) a forgetful functor from

$\mathsf {GPC}$

to the category of groups. These definable cohomology functors powerfully refine their classical counterparts: we show that they are complete invariants, for example, of the homotopy types of mapping telescopes of d-spheres or d-tori for any

$d\geq 1$

, and, in contrast, that there exist uncountable families of pairwise homotopy inequivalent mapping telescopes of either sort on which the classical cohomology functors are constant. We then apply the functors to show that a seminal problem in the development of algebraic topology – namely, Borsuk and Eilenberg’s 1936 problem of classifying, up to homotopy, the maps from a solenoid complement

$S^3\backslash \Sigma $

to the

$2$

-sphere – is essentially hyperfinite but not smooth.

Fundamental to our analysis is the fact that the Čech cohomology functors admit two main formulations: a more combinatorial one and a more homotopical formulation as the group

$[X,P]$

of homotopy classes of maps from X to a polyhedral

$K(G,n)$

space P. We describe the Borel-definable content of each of these formulations and prove a definable version of Huber’s theorem reconciling the two. In the course of this work, we record definable versions of Urysohn’s Lemma and the simplicial approximation and homotopy extension theorems, along with a definable Milnor-type short exact sequence decomposition of the space

$\mathrm {Map}(X,P)$

in terms of its subset of phantom maps; relatedly, we provide a topological characterization of this set for any locally compact Polish space X and polyhedron P. In aggregate, this work may be more broadly construed as laying foundations for the descriptive set theoretic study of the homotopy relation on such spaces

$\mathrm {Map}(X,P)$

, a relation which, together with the more combinatorial incarnation of , embodies a substantial variety of classification problems arising throughout mathematics. We show, in particular, that if P is a polyhedral H-group, then this relation is both Borel and idealistic. In consequence,

$[X,P]$

falls in the category of definable groups, an extension of the category

$\mathsf {GPC}$

introduced herein for its regularity properties, which facilitate several of the aforementioned computations.
Thought flow nets: From single predictions to trains of model thought
Authors: Schuff Hendrik , Adel Heike , Vu Ngoc Thang
Published: September 2024

When humans solve complex problems, they typically construct, reflect, and revise sequences of ideas, hypotheses, and beliefs until a final decision or conclusion is reached. Contrary to this, current machine learning models are mostly trained to map an input to one single and fixed output. In this paper, we investigate how we can equip models with the ability to represent, construct, and evaluate a second, third, and

$k$

-th thought within their prediction process. Drawing inspiration from Hegel’s dialectics, we propose and evaluate the thought flow concept which constructs a sequence of predictions. We present a self-correction mechanism which (a) is trained to estimate the model’s correctness and which (b) performs iterative prediction updates based on the gradient of the correctness prediction. We introduce our method focusing initially on question answering (QA) and carry out extensive experiments which demonstrate that (i) our method is able to correct its own predictions and that (ii) it can improve model performance by a large margin. In addition, we conduct a qualitative analysis of thought flow correction patterns and explore how thought flow predictions affect users’ human-AI collaboration in a crowdsourcing study. We find that (iii) thought flows improve user performance and are perceived as more natural, correct, and intelligent regarding single and/or top-3 predictions.
Improving social cognition following theta burst stimulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus in autism spectrum: an 8-week double-blind sham-controlled trial
Authors: Ni Hsing-Chang , Chen Yi-Lung , Hsieh Meng-Ying , Wu Chen-Te , Chen Rou-Shayn , Juan Chi-Hung , Li Cheng-Ta , Gau Susan Shur-Fen , Lin Hsiang-Yuan
Published: September 2024

Background

The right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) is a potential beneficial brain stimulation target for autism. This randomized, double-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, sham-controlled clinical trial assessed the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the RIFG in reducing autistic symptoms (NCT04987749).

Methods

Conducted at a single medical center, the trial enrolled 60 intellectually able autistic individuals (aged 8–30 years; 30 active iTBS). The intervention comprised 16 sessions (two stimulations per week for eight weeks) of neuro-navigated iTBS or sham over the RIFG. Fifty-seven participants (28 active) completed the intervention and assessments at Week 8 (the primary endpoint) and follow-up at Week 12.

Results

Autistic symptoms (primary outcome) based on the Social Responsiveness Scale decreased in both groups (significant time effect), but there was no significant difference between groups (null time-by-treatment interaction). Likewise, there was no significant between-group difference in changes in repetitive behaviors and exploratory outcomes of adaptive function and emotion dysregulation. Changes in social cognition (secondary outcome) differed between groups in feeling scores on the Frith-Happe Animations (Week 8, p = 0.026; Week 12, p = 0.025). Post-hoc analysis showed that the active group improved better on this social cognition than the sham group. Dropout rates did not vary between groups; the most common adverse event in both groups was local pain. Notably, our findings would not survive stringent multiple comparison corrections.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that iTBS over the RIFG is not different from sham in reducing autistic symptoms and emotion dysregulation. Nonetheless, RIFG iTBS may improve social cognition of mentalizing others' feelings in autistic individuals.
Centennial‐Scale Intensification of Wet and Dry Extremes in North America
Authors: Sung Kyungmin , Bohrer Gil , Stagge James H.
Published: September 2024

Drought and pluvial extremes are defined as deviations from typical climatology; however, background climatology can shift over time in a non‐stationary climate, impacting interpretations of extremes. This study evaluated trends in meteorological drought and pluvial extremes by merging tree‐ring reconstructions, observations, and climate‐model simulations spanning 850–2100 CE across North America to determine whether modern and projected future precipitation lies outside the range of natural climate variability. Our results found widespread and spatially consistent exacerbation of drought and pluvial extremes, especially summer drought and winter pluvials, with drying in the west and south, wetting trends in the northeast, and intensification of both extremes across the east and north. Our study suggests that climate change has already shifted precipitation climatology beyond pre‐Industrial climatology and is projected to further intensify ongoing shifts.
The Impact of Oceanic Feedbacks on Stratosphere‐Troposphere Coupling in an Idealized Model
Authors: Trencham N. E. , Czaja A. , Haigh J. D.
Published: September 2024

Stratospheric temperature perturbations (STPs) caused by for example, variations in stratospheric ozone, are an important driver of changes in tropospheric dynamics, particularly pertinent to the long‐term climatic evolution of the Southern Hemisphere. However, the impact of ocean feedbacks on this interaction has not been fully examined. To study it, positive STPs were applied in three otherwise identical, idealized model configurations –atmosphere‐only (A), atmosphere + slab‐ocean (AS), and fully‐coupled atmosphere‐ocean (AO)–and the resulting atmospheric changes compared. In the AO model, changes in the tropics (extratropics) experienced a poleward‐expansion (shift) and positive (negative) feedback after ∼100–200 years, whilst the AS model showed atmospheric and sea surface temperature changes that did not resemble those seen in the AO model. In the AO model, changes in tropical ocean heat content were responsible for the atmospheric changes, attributable to changes in the Ekman transport. These results indicate that full atmosphere‐ocean coupling should be accounted for when studying the long‐term (100+ years) tropospheric response to STPs in the Southern Hemisphere. Validation with higher‐resolution and more realistic models is necessary.
Gradient Information Enhanced Image Segmentation and Automatic In Situ Contact Angle Measurement Applied to Images of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Gao Yang , Foroughi Sajjad , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Yuan Sanyi , Xiao Lizhi , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J.
Published: September 2024

A gradient‐information‐enhanced image segmentation method using convolutional neural networks is presented, and then combined with contact angle measurement to establish an automated processing workflow. For three‐dimensional X‐ray images, the segmentation accuracy at interfaces and sparsely distributed small objects directly influences the accuracy of the contact angle measurement. Leveraging reliable gradient information to train the neural network, this segmentation method addresses the issue of inaccurate segmentation of interfaces even at low resolution and with small objects present. Furthermore, memory requirements are reduced by performing analysis on orthogonal two‐dimensional planes. The workflow was tested on water‐wet Ketton limestone, as well as on both water‐wet and mixed‐wet sandstone and a reservoir carbonate. The results from both the segmentation and contact angle measurements underscore the effectiveness of the approach. Notably, the workflow shows considerable generalizability and robustness, even with varying wettability and lithology.
The Role of Upper Mantle Forces in Post‐Subduction Tectonics: Plumelet and Active Rifting in the East Anatolian Plateau
Authors: Şengül Uluocak Ebru , Pysklywec Russell N. , Sembroni Andrea , Brune Sascha , Faccenna Claudio
Published: September 2024

The spatiotemporal interaction of large‐ and regional‐scale upper mantle forces can prevail in collisional settings. To better understand the role of these forces on post‐subduction tectonics, we focus on mantle dynamics in the East Anatolian Plateau, a well‐documented segment of the Arabian‐Eurasian continental collision zone. Specifically, we analyze multiple forces in the upper mantle, which have not been considered in previous studies in this region. To this end, we use a state‐of‐the‐art 3D instantaneous geodynamic model to quantify the dynamics of thermally defined upper mantle structures derived from seismic tomography data. Results reveal a prominent SW‐NE‐oriented mantle flow from the Arabian foreland to the Greater Caucasus–a plumelet–through a lithospheric channel under the East Anatolian Plateau. This plumelet induces localized dynamic topography (∼500 m) around the extensional Lake Van province, favoring NE‐directed compression and westward escape of the Anatolian plate. We suggest that the Lake Van region is an active magma‐rich intraplate rift in the Africa‐Arabia‐Anatolian plume‐rift system. The rift zone was probably initiated by Neotethyan subduction‐related forces and has been reactivated and/or sustained by the plumelet‐induced convective support. Our findings are consistent with numerous observations, including the recent low‐ultralow seismic velocities with a SW‐NE splitting anisotropy pattern, geochemical and petrological studies, and local kinematics showing upper mantle‐induced extensional tectonics in the collisional region.
Revisiting the role of computational neuroimaging in the era of integrative neuroscience
Authors: Loosen Alisa M. , Kato Ayaka , Gu Xiaosi
Published: September 2024

Computational models have become integral to human neuroimaging research, providing both mechanistic insights and predictive tools for human cognition and behavior. However, concerns persist regarding the ecological validity of lab-based neuroimaging studies and whether their spatiotemporal resolution is not sufficient for capturing neural dynamics. This review aims to re-examine the utility of computational neuroimaging, particularly in light of the growing prominence of alternative neuroscientific methods and the growing emphasis on more naturalistic behaviors and paradigms. Specifically, we will explore how computational modeling can both enhance the analysis of high-dimensional imaging datasets and, conversely, how neuroimaging, in conjunction with other data modalities, can inform computational models through the lens of neurobiological plausibility. Collectively, this evidence suggests that neuroimaging remains critical for human neuroscience research, and when enhanced by computational models, imaging can serve an important role in bridging levels of analysis and understanding. We conclude by proposing key directions for future research, emphasizing the development of standardized paradigms and the integrative use of computational modeling across neuroimaging techniques.
Enhanced tumor response to adoptive T cell therapy with PHD2/3-deficient CD8 T cells
Authors: Dvorakova Tereza , Finisguerra Veronica , Formenti Matteo , Loriot Axelle , Boudhan Loubna , Zhu Jingjing , Van den Eynde Benoit J.
Published: September 2024

While adoptive cell therapy has shown success in hematological malignancies, its potential against solid tumors is hindered by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, members of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family have gained recognition as important regulators of T-cell metabolism and function. The role of HIF signalling in activated CD8 T cell function in the context of adoptive cell transfer, however, has not been explored in full depth. Here we utilize CRISPR-Cas9 technology to delete prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHD) 2 and 3, thereby stabilizing HIF-1 signalling, in CD8 T cells that have already undergone differentiation and activation, modelling the T cell phenotype utilized in clinical settings. We observe a significant boost in T-cell activation and effector functions following PHD2/3 deletion, which is dependent on HIF-1α, and is accompanied by an increased glycolytic flux. This improvement in CD8 T cell performance translates into an enhancement in tumor response to adoptive T cell therapy in mice, across various tumor models, even including those reported to be extremely resistant to immunotherapeutic interventions. These findings hold promise for advancing CD8 T-cell based therapies and overcoming the immune suppression barriers within challenging tumor microenvironments.
Wearable bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA) for spinal implants
Authors: Li Jian , Jia Shengxin , Li Dengfeng , Chow Lung , Zhang Qiang , Yang Yiyuan , Bai Xiao , Qu Qingao , Gao Yuyu , Li Zhiyuan , Li Zongze , Shi Rui , Zhang Binbin , Huang Ya , Pan Xinyu , Hu Yue , Gao Zhan , Zhou Jingkun , Park WooYoung , Huang Xingcan , Chu Hongwei , Chen Zhenlin , Li Hu , Wu Pengcheng , Zhao Guangyao , Yao Kuanming , Hadzipasic Muhamed , Bernstock Joshua D. , Shankar Ganesh M. , Nan Kewang , Yu Xinge , Traverso Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Dynamic tracking of spinal instrumentation could facilitate real-time evaluation of hardware integrity and in so doing alert patients/clinicians of potential failure(s). Critically, no method yet exists to continually monitor the integrity of spinal hardware and by proxy the process of spinal arthrodesis; as such hardware failures are often not appreciated until clinical symptoms manifest. Accordingly, herein, we report on the development and engineering of a bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA), a potential wearable solution for real-time, non-invasive positional analyses of osseous implants within the spine. The electromagnetic coupling mechanism and intimate interfacial adhesion enable the precise sensing of the metallic implants position without the use of radiation. The customized decoupling models developed facilitate the precise determination of the horizontal and vertical positions of the implants with incredible levels of accuracy (e.g., <0.5 mm). These data support the potential use of BioMDA in real-time/dynamic postoperative monitoring of spinal implants.
Dissociative and prioritized modeling of behaviorally relevant neural dynamics using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Sani Omid G. , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the dynamical transformation of neural activity to behavior requires new capabilities to nonlinearly model, dissociate and prioritize behaviorally relevant neural dynamics and test hypotheses about the origin of nonlinearity. We present dissociative prioritized analysis of dynamics (DPAD), a nonlinear dynamical modeling approach that enables these capabilities with a multisection neural network architecture and training approach. Analyzing cortical spiking and local field potential activity across four movement tasks, we demonstrate five use-cases. DPAD enabled more accurate neural–behavioral prediction. It identified nonlinear dynamical transformations of local field potentials that were more behavior predictive than traditional power features. Further, DPAD achieved behavior-predictive nonlinear neural dimensionality reduction. It enabled hypothesis testing regarding nonlinearities in neural–behavioral transformation, revealing that, in our datasets, nonlinearities could largely be isolated to the mapping from latent cortical dynamics to behavior. Finally, DPAD extended across continuous, intermittently sampled and categorical behaviors. DPAD provides a powerful tool for nonlinear dynamical modeling and investigation of neural–behavioral data.
Phenomenological observations of quinone-mediated zinc oxidation in an alkaline environment
Authors: Mallia Christopher T. , Brushett Fikile R.
Published: September 2024

An aqueous redox-mediated electrochemical reaction is demonstrated to create a corroded, and later semiconducting interface, with nuanced interfacial development.
Unusual defect properties of the one-dimensional photovoltaic semiconductor selenium
Authors: Li Zongbao , An Xiaoyan , Wang Xia , Lu Wenbo , Wen Xin , Zhang Xing , Xue Ding-Jiang
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate the intrinsic benign point defect properties of the one-dimensional photovoltaic semiconductor Se through a detailed theoretical investigation.
Glycosyl oxazolines serve as active donors for iterative synthesis of type I oligosaccharides
Authors: Verma Nitish , Tu Zhijay , Renata Septila , Lin Chun-Hung
Published: September 2024

Oxazoline-based iterative glycosylation to synthesize hexa- and octasaccharides in an expeditious manner.
Correction: Thorium amidates function as single-source molecular precursors for thorium dioxide
Authors: Straub Mark D. , Ouellette Erik T. , Boreen Michael A. , Branson Jacob A. , Ditter Alex , Kilcoyne A. L. David , Lohrey Trevor D. , Marcus Matthew A. , Paley Maria , Ramirez José , Shuh David K. , Minasian Stefan G. , Arnold John
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Thorium amidates function as single-source molecular precursors for thorium dioxide’ by Mark D. Straub et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 4954–4957, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC00867F.
Impact of magnetic and electric fields on the free energy to form a calcium carbonate ion-pair
Authors: Yuan Ke , Rampal Nikhil , Du Xuewei , Shu Fangjun , Wang Yanxing , Wang Huiyao , Stack Andrew G. , Ben Ishai Paul , Anovitz Lawrence M. , Xu Pei
Published: September 2024

Nanoscale mechanisms of calcium carbonate ion pairing in electric or magnetic fields help understand the mineral nucleation under external fields.
Resistance switching of graphene by gate-controlled polarization reorientation of polyvinylidene fluoride in a field effect transistor
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Lee Nodo , Lansac Yves , Jang Yun Hee
Published: September 2024

Electric-field-controlled β-PVDF polarization reversal and resistance switching of graphene channels underneath, mimicked as a model of ferroelectric field-effect transistors.
Recent advances in AgIn5S8-based photocatalysts: synthesis and photocatalytic degradation performance improvements
Authors: Dong Zhongxin , Xu Lei , Guo Jinjia , Li Kang , Jiang Hui , Hu Peng
Published: September 2024

This review outlines a comprehensive overview of recent research on AgIn5S8-based photocatalysts, including the synthesis methods, photocatalytic degradation improvement strategies and future challenges and opportunities.
Effect of ABX3 site changes on the performance of tin–lead mixed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Guli Mina , Li Ran , Bai Luyun , Lan Cheng , He Wenkai , Zhou Yancheng
Published: September 2024

The advantage of tin–lead mixed perovskite solar cells is that the ABX3 site can be adjusted to approach the Shockley–Queisser limit for photovoltaic applications, and it have been rapidly developed and achieved a PCE of 23.7%.
Precise redesign for improving enzyme robustness based on coevolutionary analysis and multidimensional virtual screening
Authors: Luo Jie , Song Chenshuo , Cui Wenjing , Wang Qiong , Zhou Zhemin , Han Laichuang
Published: September 2024

Combining coevolutionary analysis with multidimensional virtual screening, the Co-MdVS strategy has been developed. This strategy significantly enhances the robustness of nattokinase and validates its appreciable potential for enzyme redesign.
Enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine and its nucleoside analogs from racemic homocysteine thiolactone
Authors: Wen Xiaojin , Leopold Viviane , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: September 2024

One-pot enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of S-adenosyl homocysteine and derivatives thereof from racemic homocysteine thiolactone and adenosine or other nucleosides provides simple and scalable access to cofactors for methyltransferase biocatalysis.
The Contributions of Pitch, Loudness, and Rate Control to Speech Naturalness in Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Cloud Caitlin , Georgen-Schwartz Kaily , Hilger Allison
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the perceptual measure of speech naturalness and objective measures of pitch, loudness, and rate control as a potential tool for assessment of ataxic dysarthria.

Method:

Twenty-seven participants with ataxia and 29 age- and sex-matched control participants completed the pitch glide and loudness step tasks drawn from the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment–Second Edition (FDA-2) in addition to speech diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks. First, group differences were compared for pitch variability in the pitch glide task, loudness variability in the loudness step task, and syllable duration and speech rate in the DDK task. Then, these acoustic measures were compared with previously collected ratings of speech naturalness by speech-language pathology graduate students.

Results:

Robust group differences were measured for pitch variability and both DDK syllable duration and speech rate, indicating that the ataxia group had greater pitch variability, longer DDK syllable duration, and slower DDK speech rate than the control group. No group differences were measured for loudness variability. There were robust relationships between speech naturalness and pitch variability, DDK syllable duration, and DDK speech rate, but not for loudness variability.

Conclusions:

Objective acoustic measures of pitch variability in the FDA-2 pitch glide task and syllable duration and speech rate in the DDK task can be used to validate perceptual measures of speech naturalness. Overall, speech-language pathologists can incorporate both perceptual measures of speech naturalness and acoustic measures of pitch variability and DDK performance for a comprehensive evaluation of ataxic dysarthria.
Coordination Between Respiration and Swallowing in Patients With Dysphagia After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Case–Control Study
Authors: Xu Xuluan , Zhang Qingsu , Xie Yongqi , Yang Degang , Gao Feng , Yuan Yongxue , Zhang Yu , Li Jianjun
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the differences between respiration and swallowing in patients with dysphagia after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and to explore the underlying physiological changes.

Method:

A total of 95 participants were recruited for bedside swallowing evaluation followed by a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and surface electromyography with a thermocouple nasal airflow sensor examination: 32 with dysphagia, 33 without dysphagia, and 30 healthy controls. The differences in respiratory patterns, swallowing apnea duration (SAD), inspiratory–expiratory ratio, and swallowing efficiency were observed among healthy adults, CSCI patients with and without dysphagia after CSCI.

Results:

Compared with those of healthy controls and patients without dysphagia after CSCI, the postswallow respiratory pattern of patients with dysphagia after CSCI was an inspiratory pattern, and the SAD was significantly shorter in patients with dysphagia after CSCI (
p
< .001). Additionally, the expiratory time in patients with dysphagia was significantly shorter than the inspiratory time, and the swallowing efficiency was reduced, requiring multiple swallows. Moreover, the index of SAD was statistically significant for predicting the development of dysphagia in patients with CSCI (
p
< .001).

Conclusion:

Patients with CSCI have an inspiratory pattern after swallowing, and the SAD is significantly reduced; SAD can be used as the predictor of dysphagia in patients after CSCI; the pattern of coordination between respiration and swallowing in patients with dysphagia after CSCI is different from that of healthy controls and patients without dysphagia after CSCI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26524717