bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus statement for quantitative measurement and morphologic assessment of optical coherence tomography: update 2025
Authors: Fujii Kenichi , Kubo Takashi , Otake Hiromasa , Nakazawa Gaku , Sonoda Shinjo , Hibi Kiyoshi , Shinke Toshiro , Kobayashi Yoshio , Ikari Yuji , Kozuma Ken , Akasaka Takashi
Published: January 2025

In this updated expert consensus document, the methods for the quantitative measurement and morphologic assessment of optical coherence tomography (OCT) / optical frequency domain imaging images (OFDI) are briefly summarized. The focus is on the clinical application and the clinical evidence of OCT / OFDI to guide percutaneous coronary interventions.
An Illustration is Worth Ten Thousand Words: An Extraordinary Approach to Presenting Information Through Infographics
Authors: Labuschagne Mathys J. , du Preez Isabella , Prior Filipe Helena
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Infographics summarise concepts visually for quick reference. Four infographics, inspired by articles on simulation-based education for ophthalmologists, were created to simplify complex ideas. The study evaluated the infographics’ effectiveness aligning with published recommendations to make simulation education user-friendly and practical, supporting busy ophthalmologist educators in designing and facilitating simulation training sessions.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated the infographics created by the second author, focussing on their quality, visual appeal, and effectiveness in conveying the key messages to be used for microlearning and Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT). An evidence-based electronic questionnaire was used to evaluate design principles of effective infographics. The same questions concerning each infographic were presented to ophthalmologist educators and graphic designers.

Results

Feedback informed recommendations for infographics to define a target audience, highlight the heading, and ensure a clear narrative with an identifiable key message. Content should simplify complex concepts and be applicable to teaching. Include accessible references, limited colours and fonts, and logical alignment prioritising key elements. Use simple imagery and effective charts. Add a digital object identifier (DOI) for citation and discovery. Infographics can be shared via journals and social media, or used as Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) tools to support professional development and simulation teaching preparation.

Conclusion

Effectively designed infographics as pragmatic focused graphic storytelling tools can support clinical educators in their daily simulation-based teaching activities and JiTT. This article provides tips on designing infographics for this purpose.
Analysis on the dust prevention mechanism of air curtain in fully mechanized excavation tunnel
Authors: Wang Hao , Xin Chuangye , Lu Shouqing , Zhang Yongliang , Sa Zhanyou , Tao Jinxu , Liu Zhuang
Published: January 2025

Aiming at reducing the dust pollution during the tunneling process and improving the application efficiency of air curtain dust prevention technology, according to the changes of radial jet velocity (v
r), axial extraction velocity (v
e) and extraction distance (L) in the formation process of air curtain, the numerical simulation method was used to analyze the rules of airflow structure evolution and the diffusion characteristics of dust particles in fully mechanized excavation tunnel. The results indicate that as v
r and v
e increase, the migration path of the wall jet of the air curtain changes into an axial direction; as L decreases, the migration distance increases accordingly. These phenomena make the airflow distribution in the working face tends to be uniform. The dust diffusion distance reduces as well, wherein, the range of the discrete area of dust particles decreases sharply, until all dust particles are concentrated in the accumulation area. On this basis, the v
r, v
e and L were optimized and applied in the 63up08 fully mechanized working face. By the application of the optimal parameters, the average dust removal efficiency at the driver’s position increased by 71%. The dust concentration was reduced and the working environment had been improved effectively.
Spatio-temporal higher-order finite-difference solution for the scalar acoustic wave equation based on the global difference coefficient
Authors: Wang Wentao , He Bingshou
Published: January 2025

The partial derivatives obtained through the difference approximation in the finite-difference method for solving the scalar acoustic wave equation may give rise to computational errors, which have the potential to induce numerical dispersion. Typically, the temporal or spatial higher-order difference format is employed, whereby the difference order between the computational region and the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundaries can result in boundary reflections. In this study, we derive the acoustic wave equation and its PML boundary conditions in the finite difference format of the temporal fourth-order and the spatial 2Nth-order, based on the Lax-Wendroff method. Subsequently, the stability conditions of the two finite difference formats are presented and analyzed under different parameters. This effectively addresses the issue of temporal dispersion. Furthermore, the high-order PML temporal boundary conditions effectively suppress the boundary reflection phenomenon generated by the computational regions and the different difference orders of the PML boundaries. Moreover, the time-space dispersion relation of the acoustic wave equation is employed to globally optimize the difference coefficients via the least-squares method, thereby suppressing the spatial dispersion. The numerical solution experiments of the acoustic wave equation for the horizontal laminar model and the Marmousi model demonstrate the efficacy of the presented algorithm.
Majoritarianism and Monoculture (M&M)
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor “Manny” , Toliver Dann R. , Nakib Hazem Danny
Published: January 2025

Research in decentralized computing, specifically in consensus algorithms, has focused on providing resistance to an adversary with a minority stake. This has resulted in systems that are majoritarian in the extreme, ignoring valuable lessons learned in law and politics over centuries. In this article, we first detail this phenomenon of majoritarianism and point out how minority protections in the nondigital world have been implemented. We motivate adding minority protections to collaborative systems with examples. We also show how current software deployment models exacerbate majoritarianism, highlighting the problem of monoculture in client software in particular. We conclude by giving some suggestions on how to make decentralized computing less hostile to those in the minority.
Inertial collapse of a gas bubble in a shear flow near a rigid wall
Authors: Bhola Sahil , Rodriguez Mauro , Beig Shahaboddin A. , Barbier Charlotte N. , Johnsen Eric
Published: January 2025

Despite the extensive research on bubble collapse near rigid walls, the bubble collapse dynamics in the presence of shear flow near a rigid wall is poorly understood. We conduct direct simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations to explore the bubble dynamics and pressures during bubble collapse near a rigid, flat wall under linear shear flow conditions. We examine the dependence of the bubble collapse morphology and wall pressures on the initial bubble location and shear rate. We find that shear distorts the bubble, generating two re-entrant jets – one developing from the side opposite to the mean flow and the other from the far end toward the wall. Upon impact of the jet on the opposite side of the bubble, water-hammer shocks are produced, which propagate outward and interact with the convoluted bubble shape. The shock stretches the bubble towards the wall, resulting in a closer impact location for the jet originating from the far end compared with the case with no shear flow. The water-hammer pressure location can be approximated as the theoretical distance travelled by a particle initialised at the bubble centre with the corresponding constant shear flow velocity. The maximum wall pressures can thus be predicted by considering the distance between the far jet impingement location and the wall along the wall-normal direction. As the shear rate is increased, the maximum wall pressure increases, although only marginally. We determine the critical initial stand-off distance from the wall at which the bubble morphology is shear dominated, i.e. characterised by converging re-entrant jets.
Emotional Stroop Test in online and offline experimental procedures: the comparison of two different modes of conducting studies
Authors: Wielgopolan Adrianna , Pastwa Maciej , Żuk Dawid , Imbir Kamil K.
Published: January 2025

While conducting experiments via the Internet has become quite popular recently, there is still an ongoing debate regarding the reliability of data obtained using this method, especially for subtle manipulations and measurements susceptible to minor changes (e.g., reaction times). In this series of two experiments employing the emotional Stroop task (using emotional word stimuli differing in their valence, arousal, and subjective significance levels), we compared the reaction times of participants taking part in experiments either in the laboratory (Experiment 1) or online (Experiment 2). In line with previous studies, there were no significant differences observed between the two experiments. Both modes of conducting studies yielded a similar pattern of results, namely interactions between valence and arousal, and a three-way interaction between valence, arousal, and subjective significance. We conclude that the pattern of disturbance in cognitive processing caused by affect is not susceptible to the setting that the subjects are in, which may be a significant argument for reliability of affect-related experiments conducted online.
Why Is Participation Low in Referendums? Lessons from Latin America
Authors: Rau Eli Gavin , Sarkar Radha , Stokes Susan C.
Published: January 2025

Whether referendums, initiatives, and other mechanisms of direct democracy enhance representative systems is a matter of debate. Skeptics note—among other criticisms—that turnout tends to be low in referendums, often lower than in candidate elections in the same country. If citizens do not care enough to participate, how useful can these mechanisms be for improving the quality of democratic systems? We argue that low referendum turnout has as much to do with parties’ disincentives to mobilize voters as it does with voter disinterest. Prior research on political behavior in referendums has focused largely on Europe and assumes that voters view them as elections of lesser importance. By shifting focus to Latin America, we introduce more variation in the features of political parties that influence levels of turnout. We draw on cross-national evidence, qualitative research in Colombia, and quantitative analysis of municipal-level referendum voting behavior in Brazil. The key to understanding low voter turnout in these settings is the relatively weaker incentives that political parties have to turn out the vote when control over office is not at stake. We demonstrate that, in clientelistic systems, party operatives have particularly weak incentives to get their constituents out to the polls.
Beyond the Longhouse: On the Heterogeneity, Spatiality and Temporality of Scandinavian Iron Age Households
Authors: Bukkemoen Grethe Bjørkan
Published: January 2025

The last 20 years have seen growing attention in Scandinavian archaeology towards the study of the Iron Age household. The aim of this paper is to challenge the conceptions of what the household is and argue for the potential in approaching households as heterogenous, emergent assemblages, with an untapped potential in diachronic and spatial studies. Inherent in the vast archaeological record of the Scandinavian Iron Age is a capacity for broader perspectives to explore household processes’ duration and change. Drawing on theoretical insights from the Communities of Practice (COP) framework and assemblage-based thinking, the paper accentuates the household as a key arena for learning, knowledge and identity formation and a heterogeneous unit bound up in changing spheres of interaction. Household practices, or the shared repertoire of households, represent analytical mechanisms that allow for the study of variation, continuity and recalibration, thus providing essential entry points to studies of social processes.
Neoliberalism from Within: The Business Fund and the Struggle for Market Ideology in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Jenny
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the Swedish Business Fund (Näringslivets fond) from its creation in 1940, over the postwar decades of welfare state consensus and the radicalised 1970s into the privatisation drive of the 1980s. The article shows that the Fund was created to break the business interest out of the corporatist model and establish it as a market liberal voice in Swedish politics. In doing so, a main ambition of the Fund was to act as a battle instrument for business, and the article shows that it demonstrates a continuous presence of Hayekian thinking with the welfare state. The article revisits the story of the so-called wage earner funds debate (1976–83) and argues that the Fund saw anti-funds mobilisation in view of the preparation of a larger programme of privatisation.
Kant and Herder on Reason’s Relation to Language
Authors: Tritschler Marvin
Published: January 2025

This paper offers a reading of the infamous mutual critique between Kant and Herder by criticising the standard account of their tense relation, which attributes a priority of reason to the former and a priority of language to the latter. As Kant thinks that judging can only be realised through its expression in language, and Herder conceives of a linguistic act as the self-conscious positing of meaning, they equally reject any sharp separation of thought from its expression in language. The central difference lies in their opposing accounts of the relation between reason’s striving for metaphysical knowledge and the latter’s linguistic guise.
Oppose Autocracy without Support for Democracy: A Study of Non-Democratic Critics in China
Authors: Jee Haemin , Zhang Tongtong
Published: January 2025

Opponents of authoritarian regimes are often assumed to desire democracy in place of the current regime. In this paper, we show that authoritarian dissidents hold divergent attitudes towards democracy and identify a key bloc within the regime opposition: “non-democratic critics” (NDCs) or those who are dissatisfied with the current regime but resist adopting democracy. We develop the concept of NDCs, theorize why they exist and how they differ from supporters of democracy and the status quo, and test implications of this framework using interviews and an original survey across China. We find that nearly half of respondents who oppose the current Chinese regime are non-democratic critics who also do not support democracy. Compared to democracy and status quo supporters, NDCs have a distinct set of political and socio-economic demands and higher uncertainty about the performance of democracy in meeting these demands. We also find that NDCs are economically better off than democracy supporters, suggesting that unequal access to the benefits of state-led economic development may motivate differing attitudes toward democracy among regime opponents. These findings put forth an important explanation for why the world’s largest authoritarian regime endures—those who oppose the regime have divergent and unclear visions of what political system should be adopted in its place.
On–off switching digitalized W-band SiGe variable gain power amplifier for large-scale phased array
Authors: Han Jiang-An , Cheng Xu , Luo Xian-Hu , Zhang Liang , Yang Zi-Qiang , Cheng Bin-Bin , Lin Chang-Xing , Deng Xian-Jin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, on–off switching digitization of a W-band variable gain power amplifier (VGPA) with above 60 dB dynamic range is introduced for large-scale phased array. Digitization techniques of on–off switching modified stacking transistors with partition are proposed to optimize configuration of control sub-cells. By the proposed techniques, gain control of a radio frequency variable gain amplifier (VGA) could be highly customized for both coarse and fine switching requirements instead of using additional digital-to-analog converters to tune the overall amplifier bias. The designed VGA in 130 nm SiGe has achieved switchable gain range from −46.4 to 20.6 dB and power range from −25.0 to 15.7 dBm at W band. The chip size of the fabricated VGPA is about 0.31 mm × 0.1 mm.
Wichtiger Schritt zur Verbesserung
Authors: Rolland Espen Gade , Zappe Robert , Mayer Michael
Published: January 2025

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Psychische Erkrankungen nehmen weltweit zu, was aber nicht automatisch bedeutet, dass mehr psychiatrische Pflege finanziert wird, um die psychische Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zu fördern.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Die Leitlinien des International Council of Nurses (ICN) sind als globaler Rahmen konzipiert, der die Akteur_innen in den Gesundheitssystemen informieren und unterstützen soll, die bestmögliche psychiatrische Pflege zu entwickeln.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Die Umsetzung der Leitlinien wird die Qualität der psychiatrischen Pflege deutlich weiterentwickeln und damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur psychischen Gesundheit der Bevölkerung leisten.
ICN-Leitlinien zur psychosozialen Pflege
Authors: Zuaboni Gianfranco , Burr Christian , Hahn Sabine , Meyer Michael , Rixe Jacqueline , Sauter Dorothea , Wagner Petra , Wolfensberger Peter , Wostry Florian , Zappe Robert
Published: January 2025

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Die Berufsgruppe der Pflege unterscheiden sich im internationalen Vergleich hinsichtlich Ausbildung, Arbeitsinhalte und -kompetenzen. Die ICN-Leitlinien beschreiben den aktuellen Bedarf für fachgerechte Pflege und dafür notwendige Konsequenzen für die Praxis und der Aus- und Weiterbildung psychiatrischer Pflege.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Wir haben Fachpersonen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz eingeladen, die potenziellen Auswirkungen der ICN-Leitlinien auf die einzelnen Länder zu bewerten.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Die Ablösung einer primär medizinisch-biologischen Ausrichtung in der psychiatrischen Pflege hin zu einem menschenrechtsbasierten, ganzheitlichen Ansatz stellt in allen drei Ländern eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Der Entwicklungsstand der akademischen Pflege hinkt im internationalen Vergleich weiterhin hinterher.
Sensitivity of Chlorophyll Vertical Structure to Model Parameters in the Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate (B‐SOSE)
Authors: Kuhn Angela M. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Gille Sarah T. , Verdy Ariane
Published: January 2025

The Southern Ocean is a region of intense air–sea exchange that plays a critical role for ocean circulation, global carbon cycling, and climate. Subsurface chlorophyll‐a maxima, annually recurrent features throughout the Southern Ocean, may increase the energy flux to higher trophic levels and facilitate downward carbon export. It is important that model parameterizations appropriately represent the chlorophyll vertical structure in the Southern Ocean. Using BGC‐Argo chlorophyll profiles and the Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate (B‐SOSE), we investigate the sensitivity of chlorophyll vertical structure to model parameters. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, we estimate optimized parameters, which efficiently improve the model consistency with observations. We characterize chlorophyll vertical structure in terms of Empirical Orthogonal Functions and define metrics to compare model results and observations in a series of parameter perturbation experiments. We show that chlorophyll magnitudes are likely to respond quasi‐symmetrically to perturbations in the analyzed parameters, while depth and thickness of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum show an asymmetric response. Perturbing the phytoplankton growth tends to generate more symmetric responses than perturbations in the grazing rate. We identify parameters that affect chlorophyll magnitude, subsurface chlorophyll or both and discuss insights into the processes that determine chlorophyll vertical structure in B‐SOSE. We highlight turbulence, differences in phytoplankton traits, and grazing parameterizations as key areas for improvement in models of the Southern Ocean.
Who drives weight stigma? A multinational exploration of clustering characteristics behind weight bias against preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women
Authors: Hailu Haimanot , Incollingo Rodriguez Angela C. , Rodriguez Anthony , Skouteris Helen , Hill Briony
Published: January 2025

Background

Weight bias is a global health challenge and community members are endorsed as the most common source of weight bias. The nature of weight biases specifically against preconception, pregnant, and postpartum (PPP) women from the perspective of community members is not known, especially in terms of cross-cultural trends. We investigated the magnitude of explicit and implicit weight bias and profiles of characteristics associated with harbouring weight bias.

Methods

We conducted a multinational investigation of clusters of factors associated with weight bias against PPP women (May–July 2023). Community members from Australia, Canada, United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Malaysia, and India completed a cross-sectional survey measuring explicit and implicit weight biases, beliefs about weight controllability, and awareness of sociocultural body ideals. Hierarchical multiple regression and latent profile analyses identified clusters of factors associated with weight bias.

Results

Participants from India reported the lowest explicit weight bias (B = −0.45, p = 0.02). Participants from Australia (B = −0.14, p = 0.04) and the UK (B = −0.16, p = 0.02) (vs. US) reported the lowest implicit weight bias. Three distinct profiles were identified clustering on body mass index (BMI) and weight-controllability beliefs: low-BMI/moderate-beliefs, high-BMI/more biased beliefs, and high-BMI/less biased beliefs. Profile membership varied by country of residence and weight bias outcomes with low-BMI/moderate-beliefs profiles containing more people from non-Western countries and with low explicit weight bias.

Conclusions

Explicit and implicit weight bias was harboured by participants across all included nations, although less pronounced in non-Western countries. Our profiles highlight that individuals who held a stronger belief that weight is controllable, regardless of their body weight, should be targeted for interventions to eliminate weight stigma.
Regulatory role of PPAR in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Cong , Lv Tingcong , Jin Binghui , Li Yang , Fan Zhe
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors in the digestive system, and the majority of patients are found to be in advanced stages, which is a burden to human health all over the world. Moreover, in recent years, CRC has been progressively becoming younger, with an increasing incidence mainly among patients <50 years old. Despite the increase in awareness of CRC and the continuous improvement of medical treatment nowadays, the challenge of CRC still needs to be conquered. By now, the pathogenesis of CRC is complex and not fully understood. With the deepening of research, it has been revealed that PPARs, as a transcription factor, are inextricably linked to CRC. This article outlines the mechanisms by which PPARs are involved in CRC development. An in-depth understanding of the pathways related to PPARs may provide new ways of developing effective therapies for CRC with PPARs as potential targets.
Effects of β-glucans on fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muroya Masahiro , Nakada Kumiko , Maruo Kazushi , Hashimoto Koichi
Published: January 2025

Several clinical trials suggest that β-glucans may reduce feelings of fatigue, however the results of clinical trials are inconsistent. Additionally, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have assessed the effects of β-glucans on fatigue. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of β-glucans on fatigue in healthy subjects through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from database inception to March 15, 2024. The inclusion criterion was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effects of β-glucans on healthy subjects’ fatigue, vigor, and mood state. To assess risk of bias, we employed the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for the standardized mean difference (SMD). Sixteen RCTs with a total of 1,449 participants were included, and 12 studies provided data suitable for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that β-glucans significantly reduced feelings of fatigue (SMD = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.53 to −0.12; p = 0.0021), increased vigor (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.26–0.66; p < 0.0001), and improved mood state (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11–0.53; p = 0.0026) compared to the placebo group. The results of the systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that β-glucans may be effective in reducing feelings of fatigue in healthy individuals. However, the number of studies included is insufficient, suggesting that further clinical trials are needed to validate this effect.
The disparities and development trajectories of nations in achieving the sustainable development goals
Authors: Ma Fengmei , Wang Heming , Tzachor Asaf , Hidalgo César A. , Schandl Heinz , Zhang Yue , Zhang Jingling , Chen Wei-Qiang , Zhao Yanzhi , Zhu Yong-Guan , Fu Bojie
Published: January 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for societal progress and planetary health. However, it remains unclear whether universal patterns exist in how nations pursue these goals and whether key development areas are being overlooked. Here, we apply the product space methodology, widely used in development economics, to construct an ‘SDG space of nations’. The SDG space models the relative performance and specialization patterns of 166 countries across 96 SDG indicators from 2000 to 2022. Our SDG space reveals a polarized global landscape, characterized by distinct groups of nations, each specializing in specific development indicators. Furthermore, we find that as countries improve their overall SDG scores, they tend to modify their sustainable development trajectories, pursuing different development objectives. Additionally, we identify orphaned SDG indicators — areas where certain country groups remain under-specialized. These patterns, and the SDG space more broadly, provide a high-resolution tool to understand and evaluate the progress and disparities of countries towards achieving the SDGs.
SPACIER: on-demand polymer design with fully automated all-atom classical molecular dynamics integrated into machine learning pipelines
Authors: Nanjo Shun , Arifin  , Maeda Hayato , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Himeno Ryoji , Hayakawa Teruaki , Yoshida Ryo
Published: January 2025

Machine learning has rapidly advanced the design and discovery of new materials with targeted applications in various systems. First-principles calculations and other computer experiments have been integrated into material design pipelines to address the lack of experimental data and the limitations of interpolative machine learning predictors. However, the enormous computational costs and technical challenges of automating computer experiments for polymeric materials have limited the availability of open-source automated polymer design systems that integrate molecular simulations and machine learning. We developed SPACIER, an open-source software program that incorporates RadonPy, a Python library for fully automated polymer physical property calculations based on all-atom classical molecular dynamics, into a Bayesian optimization-based polymer design system to overcome these challenges. As a proof-of-concept study, we synthesized optical polymers that surpass the Pareto boundary formed by the tradeoff between the refractive index and the Abbe number.
Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient
Authors: Kweon Hyeokmoon , Burik Casper A. P. , Ning Yuchen , Ahlskog Rafael , Xia Charley , Abner Erik , Bao Yanchun , Bhatta Laxmi , Faquih Tariq O. , de Feijter Maud , Fisher Paul , Gelemanović Andrea , Giannelis Alexandros , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Khalili Bita , Lee Yunsung , Li-Gao Ruifang , Masso Jaan , Myhre Ronny , Palviainen Teemu , Rietveld Cornelius A. , Teumer Alexander , Verweij Renske M. , Willoughby Emily A. , Agerbo Esben , Bergmann Sven , Boomsma Dorret I. , Børglum Anders D. , Brumpton Ben M. , Davies Neil Martin , Esko Tõnu , Gordon Scott D. , Homuth Georg , Ikram M. Arfan , Johannesson Magnus , Kaprio Jaakko , Kidd Michael P. , Kutalik Zoltán , Kwong Alex S. F. , Lee James J. , Luik Annemarie I. , Magnus Per , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Martin Nicholas G. , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Oskarsson Sven , Pedersen Emil M. , Polašek Ozren , Rosendaal Frits R. , Smart Melissa C. , Snieder Harold , van der Most Peter J. , Vollenweider Peter , Völzke Henry , Willemsen Gonneke , Beauchamp Jonathan P. , DiPrete Thomas A. , Linnér Richard Karlsson , Lu Qiongshi , Morris Tim T. , Okbay Aysu , Harden K. Paige , Abdellaoui Abdel , Hill W. David , de Vlaming Ronald , Benjamin Daniel J. , Koellinger Philipp D.
Published: January 2025

We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1–5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this index showed reduced risks for diseases including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression, asthma and back pain. The Income Factor had a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = 0.006) with educational attainment. Accounting for the genetic overlap of educational attainment with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal was linked to better mental health but reduced physical health and increased risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking. These findings highlight the complex genetic influences on income and health.
Machine learning and AVO class II workflow for hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Messinian offshore Nile Delta Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elfattah Nadia , Dahroug Aia , El Kammar Manal , Fahmy Ramy
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive workflow to detect low seismic amplitude gas fields in hydrocarbon exploration projects, focusing on the West Delta Deep Marine (WDDM) concession, offshore Egypt. The workflow integrates seismic spectral decomposition and machine learning algorithms to identify subtle anomalies, including low seismic amplitude gas sand and background amplitude water sand. Spectral decomposition helps delineate the fairway boundaries and structural features, while Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis is used to validate gas sand anomalies. The entire seismic volume is classified into facies domains using machine learning, which isolates target features from seismic background data. The study area, covering 1850 km2, includes major structures such as the Rosetta fault and Nile Delta offshore anticline, with reservoirs consisting of layered sandstones and mudstones. Over 90 wells, including exploration and development wells, have been drilled in the area. Seismic amplitude data, including full and partial offset stacked, were analyzed to classify gas, water, and shale zones. The workflow’s performance is demonstrated through the successful identification of the low-amplitude Swan-E Messinian anomaly, characterized as a high-risk gas prospect. Machine learning techniques, specifically neural network models, were trained to differentiate seismic features such as low-amplitude gas sand from background-amplitude water sand and shale. By iterating over multiple attributes and validating the models on blind test sets and on a blind section, which excluded a known shallow gas field, the workflow significantly improved the ability to detect potential hydrocarbon reservoirs characterized by low seismic amplitude. The results show that this integrated approach reduces exploration risk, quantifies the chance of success, and enhances decision-making in well placement and hydrocarbon exploration. This method is particularly useful for identifying low seismic amplitude anomalies, which are often challenging to detect with conventional seismic analysis. (1) This study developed a workflow to detect low seismic amplitude gas fields in near-field exploration. (2) It uses a machine learning algorithm to classify and explore low-seismic-amplitude gas sand reservoirs. (3) This approach helps estimate the likelihood of success and reduces the risk associated with hydrocarbon exploration wells.
Chromatin environment-dependent effects of DOT1L on gene expression in male germ cells
Authors: Coulée Manon , de la Iglesia Alberto , Blanco Mélina , Gobé Clara , Lapoujade Clémentine , Ialy-Radio Côme , Alvarez-Gonzalez Lucia , Meurice Guillaume , Ruiz-Herrera Aurora , Fouchet Pierre , Cocquet Julie , El Khattabi Laïla
Published: January 2025

The H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L is essential for multiple aspects of mammalian development where it has been shown to regulate gene expression. Here, by producing and integrating epigenomic and spike-in RNA-seq data, we decipher the molecular role of DOT1L during mouse spermatogenesis and show that it has opposite effects on gene expression depending on chromatin environment. On one hand, DOT1L represses autosomal genes that are devoid of H3K79me2 at their bodies and located in H3K27me3-rich/H3K27ac-poor environments. On the other hand, it activates the expression of genes enriched in H3K79me2 and located in H3K27me3-poor/H3K27ac-rich environments, predominantly X chromosome-linked genes, after meiosis I. This coincides with a significant increase in DOT1L expression at this stage and a genome-wide acquisition of H3K79me2, particularly on the sex chromosomes. Taken together, our results show that H3K79me2 positively correlates with male germ cell genetic program throughout spermatogenesis, with DOT1L predominantly inhibiting rather than activating gene expression. Interestingly, while DOT1L appears to directly regulate the (re)activation of X genes following meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, it also controls the timely expression of (autosomal) differentiation genes during spermatogenesis.
TDP-43 nuclear retention is antagonized by hypo-phosphorylation of its C-terminus in the cytoplasm
Authors: Rabhi Célia , Babault Nicolas , Martin Céline , Desforges Bénédicte , Maucuer Alexandre , Joshi Vandana , Pankivskyi Serhii , Feng Yitian , Bollot Guillaume , Rattenbach Revital , Pastré David , Bouhss Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which TDP-43, a nuclear RNA-binding protein, forms cytoplasmic inclusions. Here, we have developed a robust and automated method to assess protein self-assembly in the cytoplasm using microtubules as nanoplatforms. Importantly, we have analyzed specifically the self-assembly of full-length TDP-43 and its mRNA binding that are regulated by the phosphorylation of its self-adhesive C-terminus, which is the recipient of many pathological mutations. We show that C-terminus phosphorylation prevents the recruitment of TDP-43 in mRNA-rich stress granules only under acute stress conditions because of a low affinity for mRNA but not under mild stress conditions. In addition, the self-assembly of the C-terminus is negatively regulated by phosphorylation in the cytoplasm which in turn promotes TDP-43 nuclear import. We anticipate that reducing TDP-43 C-terminus self-assembly in the cytoplasm may be an interesting strategy to reverse TDP-43 nuclear depletion in neurodegenerative diseases.
Calculations of extreme sea level rise scenarios are strongly dependent on ice sheet model resolution
Authors: Williams C. Rosie , Thodoroff Pierre , Arthern Robert J. , Byrne James , Hosking J. Scott , Kaiser Markus , Lawrence Neil D. , Kazlauskaite Ieva
Published: January 2025

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is losing ice and its annual contribution to sea level is increasing. The future behaviour of WAIS will impact societies worldwide, yet deep uncertainty remains in the expected rate of ice loss. High-impact low-likelihood scenarios of sea-level rise are needed by risk-averse stakeholders but are particularly difficult to constrain. Here, we combine traditional model simulations of the Amundsen Sea sector of WAIS with Gaussian process emulation to show that ice-sheet models capable of resolving kilometre-scale basal topography will be needed to assess the probability of extreme scenarios of sea-level rise. This resolution exceeds many state-of-the-art continent-scale simulations. Our ice-sheet model simulations show that coarser resolutions tend to project a larger range of sea-level contributions than finer resolutions, inflating the tails of the distribution. We therefore caution against relying purely upon simulations 5 km or coarser when assessing the potential for societally important high-impact sea-level rise.
Enzyme-free temperature resilient amplification assay with toehold stem-loop probe
Authors: Kapadia Jay Bhakti , Daoud Jamal , Perreault Jonathan
Published: January 2025

This study presents an amplification system for enzyme-free nucleic acid detection, demonstrating specificity and sensitivity across a range of temperatures and conditions, suitable for point-of-care applications.
Site-specific in vivo protein SUMOylation via translational incorporation of a proximity-reactive pyrrolysine analogue
Authors: Chan Yuk Hei , Lee Marianne M. , Chan Michael K.
Published: January 2025

This work reports the translational incorporation of the thiol-reactive amino acid, 2-chloroacetyl-Nε-lysine, into proteins, and its use for the site-specific SUMOylation of proteins via proximity-induced reactions enabled by SUMO–SIM interactions.
Solution triggered facile ion-exchange and phase transformation of ternary cesium-copper halide pseudo-perovskites
Authors: Hajdu Cintia , Zsigmond Tamás Sándor , Kutus Bence , Ungor Ditta , Csapó Edit , Janáky Csaba , Samu Gergely Ferenc
Published: January 2025

A simple, fast, and easily tunable post-synthetic bromide/iodide exchange method is presented to alter the halide-composition of polycrystalline Cs3Cu2Br5 layers.
Mechanism guided two-electron energy storage for redox-flow batteries using nickel bis(diphosphine) complexes
Authors: Hossain Md. Musharraf , Farnum Byron H.
Published: January 2025

Nickel bis(disphosphine) complexes efficiently store multiple electrons through either 1e− or 2e− redox waves. Mechanistic studies allow for selective control of the electron transfer path, steering energy storage toward the more favorable 2e− wave.
Polymer donors with phenylacetate pendants for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Youlin , Wang Jiayu , Mo Yating , Li Hongxiang , Zhao Fuqi , Sun Hongbin , Kong Weibo , Yan Cenqi , Wang Hanlin , Ni Zhenjie , Cheng Pei
Published: January 2025

Two donors PPAF and PPAT with phenylacetates as pendant side chains were designed. The pendants play crucial roles in tuning morphology, resulting in 4.26% and 15.6% power conversion efficiencies for PPAF and PPAT-based devices, respectively.
Same but different: structural diversity of cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP) (an)hydrates
Authors: Kaszubowski Oskar , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Wojciechowski Jakub
Published: January 2025

Crystal structure landscape investigations of cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP) obtained by solution crystallization and dehydration induced by temperature, humidity and vacuum.
Structural evolution and mechanism of PLA/TMC-300 films under uniaxial and biaxial stretching
Authors: Tan Jia , Cui Lingna , Qin Zhixian , He Yulin , Ding Shijuan , Li Jingbo , Liu Yuejun
Published: January 2025

To develop high-performance polylactic acid (PLA) films, it is imperative to investigate the crystallization behaviour of the PLA/nucleating agent system under practical elongation flow field.
Determination of the rotational isomerization rate along carbon–carbon single bonds in solution
Authors: Park Seongchul , Yoon Hojeong , Shin Juhyang , Lim Manho
Published: January 2025

Rotational isomerization time of CF2BrCF2 and a reliable method for estimating this time for ethyl radicals and ethane derivatives.
Quantum life science: biological nano quantum sensors, quantum technology-based hyperpolarized MRI/NMR, quantum biology, and quantum biotechnology
Authors: Yukawa Hiroshi , Kono Hidetoshi , Ishiwata Hitoshi , Igarashi Ryuji , Takakusagi Yoichi , Arai Shigeki , Hirano Yu , Suhara Tetsuya , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: January 2025

The emerging field of quantum life science combines principles from quantum physics and biology to study fundamental life processes at the molecular level.
Synergy of mixed chromium species on NiFe layered double hydroxides for promoting alkaline water oxidation
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Jing Jianlei , Shen Zudong , Li Bo , Ma Mengze , Sha Qihao , Liu Wei , Guo Xinlong , Li Shihang , Li Zhichuan , Kuang Yun , Zhou Daojin , Sun Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

We investigated the role of chromium species and their synergy in OER. CrO42−-NiFeCr-LDHs showed a 236 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and stability at 800 mA cm−2 for 50 h. This study provides insights for alkaline water electrolysis catalysts.
Plant-based diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Li Yin , Wang Fenglei , Ao Yang , Zhuang Pan , Zhang Yu , Jiao Jingjing
Published: January 2025

Among CVD patients, the intake of overall plant-based diet was inversely associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, while the intake of unhealthy diet was positively linked to all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, partially mediated by CRP.
Generation of high nuclearity silver(i) and gold(i) species using simple N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Yousefshahi Mohammad Reza , Neshat Abdollah , Tahmasebi Elham , Eigner Vaclav , Dusek Michal , Osanlou Farzaneh
Published: January 2025

A simple synthon for the generation of silver(i) clusters is introduced. In the synthesized silver cluster, each unit is composed of a central chloride anion surrounded by eight silver atoms, which are stabilized using dialkyldithiophosphate ligands.
A new tetrazine catalytic system for the synthesis of N-aryl-α-arylated glycine ester derivatives
Authors: Tu Shunqi , Chen Tiantian , Yuan Zijian , Wang Jianchun
Published: January 2025

A novel catalytic system has been developed, comprising 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as the catalyst, zinc acetate as an additive, dichloromethane as the solvent, and air as the oxidizing agent.
Synthesis of quinoline mimics via C–H bond functionalization of quinoline: a review on recent progress
Authors: Kumar Inder , Sharma Ritika , Sharma Upendra
Published: January 2025

Considering the therapeutic potential of quinoline moieties, we highlighted here the latest developments in the synthesis of quinoline mimics via C–H bond functionalization strategies.
pH-responsive polymer-supported pyrene-based fluorescent dyes for CO2 detection in aqueous environments
Authors: Londoño de la Cruz David A. , Chappell David , Rashid Bilal , Tookey Blaine R. , Ferguson Calum T. J. , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: January 2025

Detecting fluctuations in carbon dioxide by switching ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ fluorescence in aqueous environments has often been targeted for efficient monitoring.
Computational study on catalyst-free BCl3-promoted chloroboration of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Derese Abera Tadie , Menkir Mengistu Gemech , Wolie Mihret Kendie , Yemam Desalegn Addis
Published: January 2025

DFT calculations were performed to investigate the possible reaction mechanisms underlying catalyst-free chloroboration reactions of carbonyl compounds with BCl3.
Amino acid assisted synthesis of CDs: a novel paradigm in plant tissue culture media for enhanced cellular effects and biotechnological advancements
Authors: Annmary C. , Joseph Bitty , Simi N. J. , Ison V. V.
Published: January 2025

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots with fresh tomatoes as carbon sources and amino acids as dopants (ACDs) by a microwave assisted method for enhanced seed germination and tissue culture applications.
Comment on “Discovery of a polyketide carboxylate phytotoxin from a polyketide glycoside hybrid by β-glucosidase mediated ester bond hydrolysis” by X. Wang, D.-K. Kong, H.-R. Zhang, Y. Zou, Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 17183
Authors: Nasseri Seyed Amirhossein , Bains Rajneesh K. , Tian Yuqing , Withers Stephen G.
Published: January 2025

Rather than the predicted GH3 beta-glucosidase functioning as an esterase as proposed, release of the fungal phytotoxin more likely occurs via canonical glycosidic cleavage, followed by disintegration of a quinone-methide-like self-immolative linker.
Natural biomolecules for cell-interface engineering
Authors: Zhang Tong-Kai , Yi Zi-Qian , Huang Yao-Qi , Geng Wei , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: January 2025

In this review, we summarize and overview the development of studies of natural biomolecules that have been used in cell-biointerface engineering. The current prospects and challenges in this area are also presented, along with potential solutions.
Examining the effect of manganese distribution on alcohol production in CoMn/TiO2 FTS catalysts
Authors: Pritchard Jay M. , Lindley Matthew , Farooq Danial , Vyas Urvashi , Haigh Sarah J. , Paterson James , Peacock Mark , Beale Andrew M.
Published: January 2025

A comparison of the effect of the preparation methods for CoMn/TiO2 Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts reveals the prevalence of Mn surface doping leading to enhanced product selectivity towards olefins and alcohols.
Ice templating water-stable macroporous polysaccharide hydrogels to mimic plant stems
Authors: Komiyama Katsuya , Allard Maya , Eschenbrenner Corentin , Sicard Clémence , Hamraoui Ahmed , Fernandes Francisco M.
Published: January 2025

Inspired by plant stems, we designed water-stable macroporous hydrogels using alginate and oxidized cellulose via ice-templating followed by topotactic crosslinking. The resulting materials reproduce the liquid transport behavior of plant stems.
Blockchain in healthcare: Bridging the business value and patient benefit
Authors: Kröckel Pavlina , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , van de Logt Jule , Andargoli Amir , Ulapane Nalika , Bodendorf Freimut
Published: January 2025

In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the healthcare industry is a pivotal sector that demands continuous innovation. Although extensive research on blockchain technology exists, the literature has predominantly emphasized technical aspects and specific applications within industries. However, a comprehensive exploration of blockchain's business and patient value in healthcare remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, analyzing highly cited articles from reputable journals. The findings highlight blockchain's potential to revolutionize patient care and optimize business practices within the healthcare sector. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders, emphasizing the transformative power of blockchain technology to foster innovation, particularly in public healthcare institutions. The results are presented through a value chain analysis and a mindmap, offering a clear framework that can guide researchers and developers in considering the value of blockchain use cases from multiple perspectives.