bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new matrix dissipation model for central scheme
Authors: Su Xinrong , Yamamoto Satoru
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a simple and efficient improvement to the famous Swanson–Turkel matrix dissipation model for the central scheme is proposed. In the new matrix dissipation model, the accuracy is improved by eliminating the second‐difference dissipation added to the characteristic fields representing the vorticity waves. This strategy is proposed based on analyzing the flow‐physics about shock‐vortex interaction using the Rankine–Hugoniot jump condition. In this paper, the behavior of central scheme for rotational flow is also theoretically and numerically analyzed. Results show a newfound problem of the original scalar and matrix dissipation models, in which for rotational flow excessive second‐difference dissipation is added due to the pressure‐based shock sensor. With current new matrix dissipation model improved accuracy is obtained at minimal cost overhead, especially, in the highly vortical region where the second‐difference dissipation is reduced. At the same time, it preserves the excellent shock capturing capability and convergence speed of original method. Numerical properties of this new matrix dissipation model are validated with a series of numerical experiments and results comparison with original model verifies improved performance of current method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Robust Method for Genome‐Wide Association Meta‐Analysis With the Application to Circulating Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Concentrations
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Baiyu , Guo Tingwei , Bidlingmaier Martin , Wallaschofski Henri , Teumer Alexander , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Kaplan Robert C.
Published: October 2013

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) offer an excellent opportunity to identify the genetic variants underlying complex human diseases. Successful utilization of this approach requires a large sample size to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with subtle effects. Meta‐analysis is a cost‐efficient means to achieve large sample size by combining data from multiple independent GWAS; however, results from studies performed on different populations can be variable due to various reasons, including varied linkage equilibrium structures as well as gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions. Nevertheless, one should expect effects of the SNP are more similar between similar populations than those between populations with quite different genetic and environmental backgrounds. Prior information on populations of GWAS is often not considered in current meta‐analysis methods, rendering such analyses less optimal for the detecting association. This article describes a test that improves meta‐analysis to incorporate variable heterogeneity among populations. The proposed method is remarkably simple in computation and hence can be performed in a rapid fashion in the setting of GWAS. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and higher power of the proposed method over conventional methods in the presence of heterogeneity. As a demonstration, we applied the test to real GWAS data to identify SNPs associated with circulating insulin‐like growth factor I concentrations.
Nonvolcanic tectonic islands in ancient and modern oceans
Authors: Palmiotto Camilla , Corda Laura , Ligi Marco , Cipriani Anna , Dick Henry J. B. , Douville Eric , Gasperini Luca , Montagna Paolo , Thil François , Borsetti Anna Maria , Balestra Barbara , Bonatti Enrico
Published: October 2013

Most oceanic islands are due to excess volcanism caused by thermal and/or compositional mantle melting anomalies. We call attention here to another class of oceanic islands, due not to volcanism but to vertical motions of blocks of oceanic lithosphere related to transform tectonics. Sunken tectonic islands capped by carbonate platforms have been previously identified along the Vema and Romanche transforms in the equatorial Atlantic. We reprocessed seismic reflection lines, did new facies analyses and 87Sr/86Sr dating of carbonate samples from the carbonate platforms. A 50 km long narrow paleoisland flanking the Vema transform, underwent subsidence, erosion, and truncation at sea level; it was then capped by a 500 m thick carbonate platform dated by 87Sr/86Sr at ∼11–10 Ma. Three former islands on the crest of the Romanche transverse ridge are now at ∼900 m bsl; they show horizontal truncated surfaces of oceanic crust capped by ∼300 m thick carbonate platforms, with 10–6 Ma Sr isotopic ages. These sunken islands formed due to vertical tectonics related to transtension/transpression along long‐offset slow‐slip transforms. Another tectonic sunken island is Atlantis Bank, an uplifted gabbroic block along the Atlantis II transform (SW Indian Ridge) ∼700 m bsl. A modern tectonic island is St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks, a rising slab of upper mantle located at the St. Paul transform (equatorial Atlantic). “Cold” tectonic islands contrast with “hot” volcanic islands related to mantle thermal and/or compositional anomalies along accretionary boundaries and within oceanic plates, or to supra‐subduction mantle melting that gives rise to islands arcs.
Clinicopathologic predictors of recurrence and overall survival in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: A single institutional experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Marcinow Anna , Ozer Enver , Teknos Theodoros , Wei Lai , Hurtuk Agnes , Old Matthew , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo , Iwenofu Obiajulu H.
Published: October 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine factors that impact recurrence and long‐term survival of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 87 patients with head and neck ACC who were evaluated between 1992 and 2009. Staining for Ki‐67, p53, α‐estrogen receptor (αER), and progesterone receptor (PR) was performed.

Results

Forty men (46%) and 47 women (54%) were included in this study. Median follow‐up for patients was 98 months. Five‐year recurrence‐free and overall survival (OS) rates were 56% and 81%, respectively. Ki‐67 and p53 expression was observed in 5 (6%) and 2 (2%) patients, respectively. αER and PR were all negative. The most important determinants of disease‐free survival (DFS) were perineural invasion (PNI; p = .001) and female sex (p = .027). Disease site (major vs minor salivary gland) was the only predictor of worse OS on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Perineural invasion, female sex, and disease site were the most consistent predictors of poor outcome in head and neck ACC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1705–1711, 2014
Time trends in T3 to T4 laryngeal cancer: A population‐based long‐term analysis
Authors: Reizenstein Johan A. , Holmberg Lars , Bergqvist Michael , Linder Arne , Ekman Simon , Lödén Britta , Holmqvist Marit , Hellström Karin , von Beckerath Mattias , Blomquist Erik , Bergström Stefan N.
Published: October 2013

Background

A decline in laryngectomies and survival in laryngeal cancer has been reported, especially among patients with advanced tumors.

Methods

Of 1058 patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed from 1978 to 2007 in the Uppsala–Örebro region in Sweden, 263 T3 to T4 tumors treated with curative intent were studied retrospectively. Two time periods were defined, 1978 to 1992 and 1993 to 2007.

Results

Glottic tumors decreased constituting 68.6% of cases in 1978 to 1992 and 47.9% in 1993 to 2007. Laryngectomies were performed in 38.8% and 34.5% in the corresponding time periods. The use of laryngectomy was not strongly prognostic. A decline in overall survival (OS) over time could only be identified for the first year of follow‐up. Chemotherapy was only used in a minority of cases.

Conclusion

The marked decrease of glottic site may mark a shift in etiology. Laryngectomy was not strongly associated with improved survival. The absence of improved survival calls for intensified research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1727–1731, 2014
Calibration of forcefields for molecular simulation: Sequential design of computer experiments for building cost‐efficient kriging metamodels
Authors: Cailliez Fabien , Bourasseau Arnaud , Pernot Pascal
Published: October 2013

We present a global strategy for molecular simulation forcefield optimization, using recent advances in Efficient Global Optimization algorithms. During the course of the optimization process, probabilistic kriging metamodels are used, that predict molecular simulation results for a given set of forcefield parameter values. This enables a thorough investigation of parameter space, and a global search for the minimum of a score function by properly integrating relevant uncertainty sources. Additional information about the forcefield parameters are obtained that are inaccessible with standard optimization strategies. In particular, uncertainty on the optimal forcefield parameters can be estimated, and transferred to simulation predictions. This global optimization strategy is benchmarked on the TIP4P water model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of subcutaneous pasireotide on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers: A single‐center, phase I, randomized, four‐way crossover study
Authors: Breitschaft Astrid , Hu Ke , Darstein Christelle , Ligueros‐Saylan Monica , Jordaan Pierre , Song Dongweon , Hudson Michelle , Shah Rashmi
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous pasireotide on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers were randomized to one of four treatment sequences (n = 112) involving four successive treatments in different order: pasireotide 600 µg (therapeutic dose) or 1,950 µg (maximum tolerated dose) bid by subcutaneous injection (sc), placebo injection and oral moxifloxacin. Maximum ΔΔQTcI occurred 2 hours post‐dose for both doses of pasireotide. Mean ΔΔQTcI was 13.2 milliseconds (90% CI: 11.4, 15.0) and 16.1 milliseconds (90% CI: 14.3, 17.9) for the 600 and 1,950 µg bid doses, respectively. Maximal placebo‐subtracted change in QTcI from baseline for moxifloxacin was 11.1 (90% CI: 9.3, 12.9) milliseconds. Both pasireotide doses caused a reduction in heart rate: maximal heart rate change compared with placebo occurred at 1 hour for pasireotide 600 µg bid and at 0.5 hours for pasireotide 1,950 µg bid, with heart rate reductions of 10.4 and 14.9 bpm, respectively. At the therapeutic dose of 600 µg, pasireotide has a modest QT‐prolonging effect. The relatively small increase of ∼3 milliseconds in ΔΔQTcI in the presence of a 3.25‐fold increase in dose suggests a relatively flat dose–effect relationship of pasireotide on ΔΔQTcI in healthy volunteers. No safety concerns for pasireotide were identified during the study.
Percutaneous lovastatin accelerates bone healing but is associated with periosseous soft tissue inflammation in a canine tibial osteotomy model
Authors: Bleedorn Jason A. , Sullivan Ruth , Lu Yan , Nemke Brett , Kalscheur Vicki , Markel Mark D.
Published: October 2013

Experimental studies have shown the ability of statins to stimulate bone formation when delivered locally or in large oral doses, however most have been studied in rodents. This anabolic effect is through the selective activation of BMP‐2. Our purpose was to determine the effects of local treatment with lovastatin on bone healing in mammals as a preclinical animal model. We administered lovastatin (6 mg/kg) by percutaneous injection to a canine tibial osteotomy stabilized with external fixation. We found that lovastatin improved bone healing after a single injection into the fracture site assessed by serial radiography and histology at bone union. However, lovastatin treatment resulted in adverse local soft tissue inflammation. These results suggest that percutaneous lovastatin injection may be a useful adjuvant treatment over the course of bone healing to augment fracture repair, although further investigation into the mechanism of soft tissue adverse effects is warranted. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:210–216, 2014.
Bioaccumulation of mineral elements in grapevine varieties cultivated in “La Mancha”
Authors: Amorós José Angel , Pérez‐de‐los Reyes Caridad , García Navarro Francisco Jesús , Bravo Sandra , Chacón Juan Luís , Martínez Jesús , Jiménez Ballesta Raimundo
Published: October 2013

The capacity of a plant to take up chemical elements is measured as the ratio of the element concentration in the plant and its concentration in the soil. This ratio is called the bioaccumulation index (BAC). The choice of rootstock and variety can differentially affect nutrient uptake of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Generally, only slight differences can be observed in the accumulation of N, P, and Zn. In contrast, wide variations are found in the absorption of K, Ca, Mg, and Cl. While studies on plant nutrients and major elements have been carried out in vineyards, very few references concern the trace‐element concentrations in leaves. In the study described here, five varieties (Airén, Cencibel, Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay) grown on a Calcisol Petric or Typic Calcixerept (typical of La Mancha) were compared in terms of leaf trace‐element concentrations. A total of three samples (20 healthy and completely developed leaves from the middle part of the shoot) were collected from three different plants of the same variety. Leaves were dried, milled, and x‐ray fluorescence analysis was performed. It was found that the variety of grapevine influences the uptake of four of the major elements: Al (low in Garnacha, [0.4 ± 0.2] g kg–1), Ca (high in Cencibel, [32.6 ± 8.1] g kg–1), P (low in Airén, [0.9 ± 0.4] g kg–1) and K, which showed significant differences in almost all of the varieties (from [4.7 ± 1.8] g kg–1 in Cencibel to [8.0 ± 10.1] g kg–1 in Chardonnay). No statistically significant varietal differences were found for trace elements. The only exception was La, which was present at higher levels in the variety Cencibel ([7.5 ± 0.3] mg kg–1). This finding allows to assess the geochemical fingerprinting of calcareous soils regardless of the grapevine variety studied.
Cadmium‐induced changes in glutathione and phenolics of Thlaspi and Noccaea species differing in Cd accumulation
Authors: Llugany Mercè , Tolrà Roser , Martín Sandra Raquel , Poschenrieder Charlotte , Barceló Juan
Published: October 2013

Glutathione (GSH) and phenolics play an important role in plant defense against metal‐ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity and metal‐binding capacity of these compounds can account for the protective effects. In contrast to animal‐cell models, however, the possible interplay among these substances in stress defense of plants is poorly investigated. This study compares the influence of cadmium (Cd) on the profiles of both soluble phenolics and GSH in shoots of different Thlaspi and Noccaea species: two ecotypes of the nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense differing in Cd resistance (ecotype Aigues Vives, Cd‐sensitive, and ecotype Jena, Cd‐resistant) and two Cd‐tolerant Cd‐Zn hyperaccumulators N. praecox and N. caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi praecox and T. caerulescens). To reveal the possible influence of Cd‐induced sulfur (S) shortage on the stress response, plants receiving normal S concentrations (500 μM MgSO4) and plants treated with surplus S (500 μM MgSO4 + 500 μM K2SO4) were analyzed. Our working hypothesis was that species differences in tolerance to high tissue Cd concentrations should be reflected by differences in endogenous levels of GSH and phenolic compounds. The results reveal clear species‐dependent differences in both the constitutive patterns and the Cd‐ and S‐induced changes in shoot concentrations of GSH and phenolics. However, no simple relationship between these shoot concentrations and Cd accumulation and tolerance can be established.
Persistent geotropic direction‐changing positional nystagmus with a null plane: The light cupula
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hee , Kim Min‐Beom , Ban Jae Ho
Published: October 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features and typical positional nystagmus in patients with persistent geotropic direction‐changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) and address the possible pathophysiology of the disease. Furthermore, the proportion of light cupula among the patients showing geotropic DCPN was investigated to assume the incidence of light cupula in those patients.

Study Design

Prospective case series.

Methods

We conducted a prospective case series study in 19 patients with persistent geotropic DCPN. Positional nystagmus during the bow and lean test and the supine head roll test was analyzed using videonystagmography.

Results

All of the 19 patients showed persistent geotropic DCPN without latency. A null plane in which the nystagmus ceases was identified in all of 19 patients, and the intensity of nystagmus was stronger on one side in13 patients (68%) on supine head roll test. Overall, the affected side could be identified in 18 patients (95%). About 14.2% (19 of 134) of patients with geotropic DCPN could be diagnosed as having light cupula in the horizontal semicircular canal.

Conclusions

The patients with light cupula show persistent geotropic DCPN without latency. Affected side(s) can be determined by the direction and intensity of the characteristic positional nystagmus and the side of the null plane. The pathophysiology and treatment of light cupula still remain to be elucidated.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 124:E15–E19, 2014
Gucci versus Old Navy: Interplay of Brand Personality and Regulatory Focus in Advertising Persuasion
Authors: Kim Dong Hoo , Sung Yongjun
Published: October 2013

The present research examines how brand personality and regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) interplay in affecting advertising message persuasiveness. In Experiment 1, the moderating role of brand personality with respect to regulatory focus is tested. The results show that a promotion‐framed advertising message is more persuasive for a fictitious exciting brand than is a prevention‐framed message, whereas a prevention‐framed (vs. promotion‐framed) message is more effective for a fictitious competent brand. To replicate Experiment 1 and further test the hypothesis, in Experiment 2, two real brands representing two additional brand personality dimensions (sophistication vs. sincerity) are tested and the influence of individuals’ self‐construal level is controlled. The findings reveal that individuals exposed to the sophisticated brand show a more positive attitude when the brand message is promotion framed. By contrast, individuals exposed to the sincere brand react more favorably when the brand is presented with a prevention‐framed advertising message.
The Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa type III secretion system is expressed during infections both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bent Zachary W. , Branda Steven S. , Young Glenn M.
Published: October 2013

Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1B maintains two type III secretion systems (T3SS) that are involved in pathogenesis, the plasmid encoded Ysc T3SS and the chromosomally encoded Ysa T3SS. In vitro, the Ysa T3SS has been shown to be expressed only at 26°C in a high‐nutrient medium containing an exceptionally high concentration of salt – an artificial condition that provides no clear insight on the nature of signal that Y. enterocolitica responds to in a host. However, previous research has indicated that the Ysa system plays a role in the colonization of gastrointestinal tissues of mice. In this study, a series of Ysa promoter fusions to green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) were created to analyze the expression of this T3SS during infection. Using reporter strains, infections were carried out in vitro using HeLa cells and in vivo using the mouse model of yersiniosis. Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was measured from the promoters of yspP (encoding a secreted effector protein) and orf6 (encoding a structural component of the T3SS apparatus) in vitro and in vivo. During the infection of HeLa cells GFP intensity was measured by fluorescence microscopy, while during murine infections GFP expression in tissues was measured by flow cytometry. These approaches, combined with quantification of yspP mRNA transcripts by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), demonstrate that the Ysa system is expressed in vitro in a contact‐dependent manner, and is expressed in vivo during infection of mice.
IDSDDIP: a secure distributed dynamic IP configuration scheme for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Ghosh Uttam , Datta Raja
Published: October 2013

In IP‐based networks, IP address uniqueness is one of the most important requirements since a node has to participate in unicast communications and routing. Often nodes are assumed to have unique IP addresses configured a priori. However, this is not the case and cannot be achieved easily in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Most of the existing dynamic address allocation schemes of MANET rely on network‐wide flooding for address solicitation and/or duplicate address detection. As a result, several types of security threats can be seen at the time of address allocation. In this paper, we present an ID‐based distributed dynamic IP configuration scheme that securely allocates IP addresses to the authorized nodes without flooding the entire network. Here each node acquires capability of generating unique IP addresses from its own IP address and can assign those addresses to the new nodes. The proposed scheme provides security against the associated threats with dynamic IP allocation protocol without the help of a trusted third party. It also efficiently handles the network partitioning and merging and reduces the chance of address conflicts. Performance analysis and simulation results are present to show that the proposed addressing scheme has low communication overhead and fairly low addressing latency with added security mechanisms compared to the similar existing dynamic address allocation schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subclinical inflammation during third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with markers of the metabolic syndrome in young adult offspring
Authors: Danielsen Inge , Granström Charlotta , Rytter Dorte , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Bech Bodil Hammer , Henriksen Tine Brink , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Vaag Allan A. , Olsen Sjurdur F.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Growing evidence indicates that the metabolic syndrome (MS) is rooted in adverse exposures during fetal life. The aim of this study was to assess the possible associations between biomarkers of inflammation during third trimester of pregnancy and markers of MS in adult offspring.

Methods

High‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleuki‐6 (IL‐6) were measured in serum samples obtained in gestational week 30. Offspring were clinically examined at age 20 years. Analyses based on 439 mother–offspring dyads were adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, height, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), education, and offspring's sex. Offspring MS markers included waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, HOMA insulin resistance, and plasma levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, insulin, and leptin.

Results

The median level was 2.8 (interquartile range = 3.3) µg/ml for CRP, for TNF‐α: 5.7 (3.2) pg/ml, for IL‐1β: 0.5 (0.4) pg/ml, and for IL‐6: 1.1 (0.7) pg/ml. Concentrations were not significantly associated with MS markers in the offspring. The results remained essentially unchanged after correction for potential confounding.

Conclusion

Markers for subclinical inflammation in third trimester in healthy women were not associated with components of MS in their adult offspring.
Association of body mass index and waist circumference with successful aging
Authors: Singh‐Manoux Archana , Sabia Séverine , Bouillon Kim , Brunner Eric J. , Grodstein Francine , Elbaz Alexis , Kivimaki Mika
Published: October 2013

Objective

The prediction of successful aging by midlife body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was examined.

Methods

BMI/WC were assessed in 4869 persons (mean age 51.2, range 42‐63 in 1991/1993) and survival and successful aging (alive, no chronic disease at age >60 years, not in the worst age‐ and sex‐standardized quintile of cognitive, physical, respiratory,cardiovascular, and mental health) ascertained over a 16‐year follow‐up, analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors.

Results

507 participants died, 1008 met the criteria for successful aging. Those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had lower odds of successful aging (odds ratio or OR) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval or CI: 0.27, 0.50) and survival (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.74) compared to BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2. Those with a large WC (≥102/88 cm in men/women) had lower odds of successful aging (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.54) and survival (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.73) compared with those with a small waist (<94/80 cm in men/women). Analysis with finer categories showed lower odds of successful aging starting at BMI ≥ 23.5 kg/m2 and WC 82/68 cm in men/women.

Conclusions

Optimal midlife BMI and WC for successful aging might be substantially below the current thresholds used to define obesity.
Detecting the end of agreement between two long ranked lists
Authors: Sampath Srinath , Verducci Joseph S.
Published: October 2013

We propose an alternative approach to the problem recently posed by Hall and Schimek (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 107(498)(2012), 661–672): determining at what point the agreement between two rankings of a long list of items degenerates into noise. We modify the method of estimation in Fligner and Verducci's (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(403)(1988), 892–901) multistage model for rankings, from maximum likelihood of conditional agreement over a sample of rankings to a locally smoothed estimator of agreement. Through simulations we show that this modification performs very well under several conditions. We apply our technique as a stopping rule to supplement the tau‐path algorithm, developed by Yu et al. (Statistical Methodology 8(2011), 97–111), in an analysis of associations between gene expression and compound potency in cancer data, and discuss some ramifications as planned extensions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
A Novel Opal Closest‐Packing Photonic Crystal for Naked‐Eye Glucose Detection
Authors: Hong Xiaodi , Peng Yuan , Bai Jialei , Ning Baoan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhou Zhijiang , Gao Zhixian
Published: October 2013

A novel opal closest‐packing (OCP) photonic crystal (PC) is successfully prepared for naked‐eye glucose detection. This PC is fabricated via a vertical convective self‐assembly method with a new type of monodisperse microsphere polymerized by co‐monomers, namely, methyl methacrylate (MMA), N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA). The OCP PC has high stability and periodically‐ordered structure, showing the desired structural color. The proposed PC material displays a red shift and reduced reflection intensity when detecting glucose molecules. The red‐shift wavelength reaches 75 nm, which clearly changes the structural color from brilliant blue to emerald green. This visually distinguishable color change facilitates the detection of the glucose concentrations from 3 to 20 mm, which demonstrates the potential of the opal PC material for naked‐eye detection. Thus, the novel PMMA–NIPA–AAPBA OCP PC is a simply prepared and sensitive material, which shows promising use in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and in real‐time monitoring of diabetes. Different types of appropriated recognition groups are expected to be introduced into the 3D OCP PC to form new functional materials or chemical sensors, which will extensively broaden the PC material application.
Climate Change Mitigation and Internationalization: The Competitiveness of Multinational Corporations
Authors: Chakrabarty Subrata , Wang Liang
Published: October 2013

In recent years, the debate about climate change and the competitiveness of multinational corporations (MNCs) has increased. Decision makers in MNCs often face ambiguities on how their business competitiveness could be impacted by their actions to mitigate climate change. By combining knowledge from the field of climatology with the management literature, this study suggests that climate change mitigation can enhance an MNC's competitiveness. We test the hypotheses using longitudinal panel data on US MNCs from 2001 to 2009. We find that MNCs that implement climate change mitigation are likely to see significant increase in sales effectiveness and product leadership but no significant increase in return on equity. Further, the positive influence of mitigation on sales effectiveness and product leadership is found to be more strongly positive when the MNC's internationalization is high. Hence, mitigation efforts positively impact at least two dimensions of competitiveness Ñ sales effectiveness and product leadership, particularly when internationalization is high. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Social Media on Environmental Sustainability Activities of Oil and Gas Multinationals in Nigeria
Authors: Nwagbara Uzoechi
Published: October 2013

This article explores the role of communication in shaping corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, addressing stakeholders' criticisms of the multinationals' sustainability commitment and in building intangible assets like corporate reputation. Given the challenges posed by institutional pressures as well as pressures of climate change and social media technology, this article suggests that communication—social media—can be used to advance the multinationals' CSR commitment for a more sustainable future in Nigeria's Niger delta. In the era of new media communication, this is redoubled as multinational corporations (MNCs) as well as other stakeholders can effectively and rapidly influence policies and public opinion on social and environmental issues given the reach, speed, and user‐generated content application flexibility of social media. Thus, social media can serve as platforms to address sustainability issues, as well as the prolonged poor corporate‐stakeholder relations in the region, which is in the shadow of oil exploration and climate change. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suicide attempts in chronic pain patients. A register-based study
Authors: Stenager Elsebeth , Christiansen Erik , Handberg Gitte , Jensen Børge
Published: October 2013

Background

There are several studies about the relationship between depression and chronic non-malignant pain. These studies have shown that up to 50% of chronic pain patients are suffering from depression.

It is, therefore, reasonable to expect that pain patients would also have an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. This problem is not well studied.

Since 1990 the Centre for Suicide Research, Odense, Denmark has registered all suicide attempts in patients residing in the Region of Funen, Denmark.

The Pain Clinic, Odense University Hospital receives patients with chronic pain from the entire Region of Southern Denmark.

Purpose

The purpose of the study has been:

To investigate, whether patients treated in the Pain Clinic during the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2009 had an increased risk of suicide attempts compared with the background population.

Materials and methods

The Register for Suicide Attempts (RSA) is a product of the WHO research programme WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Para suicide. The RSA is a longitudinal person-based register. It contains information about people who have been in contact with the health care system in the County of Funen as a result of a suicide attempt.

The Pain Clinic, Odense University Hospital receives patients with non-malignant chronic pain from the Region of Southern Denmark with 1,194,659 inhabitants. Data about age, sex, and time of treatment for patients treated in the Pain Clinic during the period were registered. Time and method of the suicide attempts were registered in the RSA. By registry linkages between the patient registers it was possible to calculate any excess risk of suicide attempts in chronic pain patients in the study period.

We used a cohort design and calculated incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for suicide attempts, based on data from RSA. Poisson Regression analyses were used for calculation of IR and IRR for suicide attempts.

Results

In the study period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2009 1871 patients residing in the Region of Funen in Denmark were referred to The Pain Clinic.

In the patient group 258 suicide attempts in 110 persons were registered. In all 6% of the patient group had attempted suicide.

An increased risk of suicide attempts was found in the pain population as the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 3.76 95% CI (3.22; 4.40). No statistical significant differences between men and women were found.

Conclusion

In a chronic non-malignant pain population, referred to a pain clinic, the risk of suicide attempts was increased.

Implications

It is important to be aware of risk factors for suicidal behaviour, i.e. pain history, depression, anxiety, abuse problems, and social problems when caring for patients with chronic pain. More knowledge and training of the staff caring for chronic pain patients are needed to decrease the risk of suicidal behaviour.
Effect of surfactant on two-layer channel flow
Authors: Samanta Arghya
Published: October 2013

The effect of insoluble surfactant on the interfacial waves in connection with a two-layer channel flow is investigated for low to moderate values of the Reynolds number. Previous studies focusing on Stokes flow (Frenkel & Halpern, Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 2002, p. L45; Halpern & Frenkel, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 485, 2003, pp. 191–220) are extended by including the inertial effect and the study of low-Reynolds-number flow (Blyth & Pozrikidis, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 521, 2004b, pp. 241–250) is enlarged up to moderate Reynolds number. Linear stability analysis based on the Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem identifies a surfactant mode together with an interface mode. The presence of surfactant on the interfacial mode is stabilizing at high viscosity ratio and destabilizing at low viscosity ratio. The threshold of instability is determined as a function of the Marangoni number. A long-wave model is developed to predict the families of nonlinear waves in the neighbourhood of the threshold of instability. Far from the threshold, wave dynamics is explored under the framework of a three-equation model in terms of lower layer flow rate ${q}_{2} (x, t)$, lower liquid-layer thickness $h(x, t)$ and surfactant concentration $\Gamma (x, t)$. Primary instability analysis of a three-equation model captures the result of the Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem very well for quite large values of wavenumber. In the nonlinear regime, travelling wave solutions demonstrate deceleration of maximum amplitude and acceleration of speed with the Marangoni number at high viscosity ratio $m\gt 1$ and show completely the opposite behaviour at low viscosity ratio $m\lt 1$. However, both maximum amplitude and speed attain a fixed value with increasing Reynolds number and this leads to saturation of instability.
Expression of iron-related proteins in the duodenum is up-regulated in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders
Authors: Sukumaran Abitha , James Jithu , Janardhan Harish Palleti , Amaladas Anita , Suresh Lekshmy Madathilazhikathu , Danda Debashish , Jeyeseelan Visalakshi , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan Siddharth , Jacob Molly
Published: October 2013

Mechanisms responsible for derangements in Fe homeostasis in chronic inflammatory conditions are not entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inflammation affects the expression of Fe-related proteins in the duodenum and monocytes of patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, thus contributing to dysregulated Fe homeostasis. Duodenal mucosal samples and peripheral blood monocytes obtained from patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, namely ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis, were used for gene and protein expression studies. Hb levels were significantly lower and serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients in the disease groups. The gene expression of several Fe-related proteins in the duodenum was significantly up-regulated in patients with UC and CD. In patients with UC, the protein expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroportin, which are involved in the absorption of dietary non-haem Fe, was also found to be significantly higher in the duodenal mucosa. The gene expression of the duodenal proteins of interest correlated positively with one another and negatively with Hb. In patients with UC, the gene expression of Fe-related proteins in monocytes was found to be unaffected. In a separate group of patients with UC, serum hepcidin levels were found to be significantly lower than those in the control group. In conclusion, the expression of Fe-related proteins was up-regulated in the duodenum of patients with chronic inflammatory conditions in the present study. The effects appeared to be secondary to anaemia and the consequent erythropoietic drive.
Is Opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke?
Authors: Nawa Y. , Doanh P.N. , Thaenkham U.
Published: October 2013

Recently, in the Journal of Helminthology (May 2013), Dao et al. reported that Opisthorchis viverrini-like flukes were found in the bile duct of domestic ducks in Vietnam. They stated that this is the first record of Opisthorchis sp. in birds in Vietnam. However, three Opisthorchis species – O. cheelis, O. longissimus and O. parageminus – in birds in Vietnam were described by Le in 2000. Amongst these, O. parageminus was first reported, by Oshmarin in 1970, as a new Opisthorchis species found in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Vietnam. Morphologially O. viverrini-like flukes described by Dao et al. are much more similar to O. parageminus than to O. viverrini. The phylogenetic trees of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences also showed that the O. viverrini-like liver flukes from domestic ducks were closer to O. lobatus than to O. viverrini. Therefore, O. viverrini-like liver flukes reported by Dao et al. (2013) are most likely to be O. parageminus.
Biodiversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea off Anzali during 1996–2010
Authors: Bagheri Siamak , Niermann Ulrich , Mansor Mashhor , Yeok Foong Swee
Published: October 2013

The mesozooplankton of the south-western Caspian Sea, off Anzali, sampled from 1996–2010, had undergone severe changes, especially after the year 2001, when the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi bloomed for the first time. Native species vanished or decreased, while invasive species such as Pleopis polyphemoides, Acartia tonsa, M. leidyi and the larvae of Balanus sp., plus Hediste diversicolor dominated the zooplankton. It could be stated that the increasing amount of nutrients since the early 1980s led to a decrease of endemic species and smoothed the way for opportunistic invader species, which outcompeted and depleted the endemic species in their turn. However, the major changes in the zooplankton community and possibly the blooming of M. leidyi during 2001–2002 were triggered by changing weather patterns, when a period with heavy rain at the end of the 1990s was followed by a prolonged drought (2001–2002). It is not clear to what extent M. leidyi was responsible for the disappearance of endemic Copepoda and Cladocera species such as Eurytemora grimmi, Limnocalanus grimaldii, Cercopagis pengoi, and Polyphemus exiguous, because the mesozooplantic invader species seemed to be more successful competitors than the endemic Caspian Sea fauna. Compared with other areas of the Caspian Sea, the development of the M. leidyi stock was moderate in the area under investigation. Mnemiopsis leidyi numbers and biomass increased from the beginning of sampling in 2001 to about 600 n.m−3 and 40–60 g wet weight m−3 until 2003. Since then the stock oscillated in this range until 2010.
What God only knows: a reply to Rob Lovering
Authors: FRISE MATTHEW
Published: October 2013

Rob Lovering has recently argued that God is not omniscient on the grounds that (1) in order to be omniscient a subject must not only know all truths always but also know what it's like not to know a truth, and (2) God cannot fulfil both of these requirements. I show that Lovering's argument is unsuccessful since he inadequately supports (1) and (2), and since there are several serious doubts about (2). I also show that Lovering does not otherwise indicate that God is not maximally great.
Editorial
Authors: MURPHY REGINA , FAUTLEY MARTIN
Published: October 2013

We write curriculum documents that are full of good intentions – ambitious musical aims, the highest educational aspirations and holistic principles that place the learner at the centre. Yet, in many ways, curriculum writing is an exercise in asserting control of what and how we might teach. The notion of the intended curriculum, that is, explicit goals to determine the outcome of learning, has its roots in what became known as the Tyler Rationale and has continued to influence curriculum inquiry, planning, development, test construction and learning outcomes to the present day (Schubert, 2008). In Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Ralph Tyler (1949) formulated a deceptively simple structure that has guided curriculum developers and researchers for over fifty years. This entailed: (i) Defining appropriate learning objectives, (ii) Introducing useful learning experiences, (iii) Organising experiences to maximise their effect; and (iv) Evaluating the process and revising the areas that were not effective. According to Schubert (2008), many curriculum scholars and developers ignored several other aspects of Tyler's work and many of his other recommendations were lost in the tendency to follow his curriculum ‘recipe’ in schools, state departments or ministries of education. What Tyler had argued was that perspectives be sought from other philosophical and psychological positions, and that the influences of society, the individual, and other disciplines also be considered. He also believed that learning experiences were more important than activities or content. Moreover, he asserted that non-school experiences of students and their active social lives were also worthy of study and finally, he believed that the four steps in his model should not be used in the order presented in his text, but according to situation need. However, only the bones of Tyler's message survived while his more embodied emphasis on careful attention to context and nuance in student lives was overlooked in the process (Schubert, 2008).
A cohort study in university students: investigation of risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: PATRICK E. J. , HIGGINS C. D. , CRAWFORD D. H. , McAULAY K. A.
Published: October 2013

Little is known about the main routes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) transmission in young adult populations. This study investigated risk factors for HCMV transmission in young adults attending university over a 3-year period. Blood samples were tested for HCMV specific viral capsid antigen IgG by enzyme immunoassay. Being born in a developing country and having lived in Africa were associated with HCMV seropositivity at study onset. No risk factors were associated with HCMV seroconversion over the 3-year follow-up. In contrast to previous reports, sexual activity was not associated with HCMV seroprevalence or seroconversion.
Degradation of microbial fluorescence biosignatures by solar ultraviolet radiation on Mars
Authors: Dartnell Lewis R. , Patel Manish R.
Published: October 2013

Recent and proposed robotic missions to Mars are equipped with implements to expose or excavate fresh material from beneath the immediate surface. Once brought into the open, any organic molecules or potential biosignatures of present or past life will be exposed to the unfiltered solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and face photolytic degradation over short time courses. The key question, then, is what is the window of opportunity for detection of recently exposed samples during robotic operations? Detection of autofluorescence has been proposed as a simple method for surveying or triaging samples for organic molecules. Using a Mars simulation chamber we conduct UV exposures on thin frozen layers of two model microorganisms, the radiation-resistant polyextremophile Deinococcus radiodurans and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) are generated of the full fluorescence response to quantify the change in signal of different cellular fluorophores over Martian equivalent time. Fluorescence of Deinococcus cells, protected by a high concentration of carotenoid pigments, was found to be relatively stable over 32 h of Martian UV irradiation, with around 90% of the initial signal remaining. By comparison, fluorescence from protein-bound tryptophan in Synechocystis is much more sensitive to UV photodegradation, declining to 50% after 64 h exposure. The signal most readily degraded by UV irradiation is fluorescence of the photosynthetic pigments – diminished to only 35% after 64 h. This sensitivity may be expected as the biological function of chlorophyll and phycocyanin is to optimize the harvesting of light energy and so they are readily photobleached. A significant increase in a ∼450 nm emission feature is interpreted as accumulation of fluorescent cellular degradation products from photolysis. Accounting for diurnal variation in Martian sunlight, this study calculates that frozen cellular biosignatures would remain detectable by fluorescence for at least several sols; offering a sufficient window for robotic exploration operations.
Piezo1‐dependent stretch‐activated channels are inhibited by Polycystin‐2 in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Peyronnet Rémi , Martins Joana R , Duprat Fabrice , Demolombe Sophie , Arhatte Malika , Jodar Martine , Tauc Michel , Duranton Christophe , Paulais Marc , Teulon Jacques , Honoré Eric , Patel Amanda
Published: October 2013

Mechanical forces associated with fluid flow and/or circumferential stretch are sensed by renal epithelial cells and contribute to both adaptive or disease states. Non‐selective stretch‐activated ion channels (SACs), characterized by a lack of inactivation and a remarkably slow deactivation, are active at the basolateral side of renal proximal convoluted tubules. Knockdown of Piezo1 strongly reduces SAC activity in proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. Similarly, overexpression of Polycystin‐2 (PC2) or, to a greater extent its pathogenic mutant PC2‐740X, impairs native SACs. Moreover, PC2 inhibits exogenous Piezo1 SAC activity. PC2 coimmunoprecipitates with Piezo1 and deletion of its N‐terminal domain prevents both this interaction and inhibition of SAC activity. These findings indicate that renal SACs depend on Piezo1, but are critically conditioned by PC2.
Improved baseband digital predistortion for linearising PAs with nonlinear memory effects using linearly interpolated LUT
Authors: Feng X. , Feuvrie B. , Descamps A.S. , Wang Y.
Published: October 2013

An improved baseband digital predistortion (DPD) solution to reduce the nonlinearity of power amplifiers (PAs) with memory effects is proposed. It is based on the memory polynomial (MP) model and linearly interpolated look‐up table (LUT). This predistorter reduces significantly the computational time needed in MP based DPD by using a LUT. A linear interpolation technique is introduced to enhance the indexing of the LUT, such that good performance with small table size and low computational complexity is achieved. The proposed solution is validated on a test bench by using a PA ZFL‐2500 driven by a 16QAM modulated signal.