bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DO ANO ELEITORAL, DA MUDANÇA DE GESTOR PÚBLICO E DO MANDATO ELEITORAL SOBRE MUDANÇAS NA COMPOSIÇÃO DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS NOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Queiroz Dimas Barrêto
Published: August 2019

A literatura sobre ciclos político-orçamentários tem se concentrado na identificação de fatores capazes de influenciar a existência e intensidade de tais ciclos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa consistiu em averiguar a influência do ano eleitoral (QAM), da mudança de gestor público (MGE) e do mandato eleitoral (PME) sobre mudanças na composição dos gastos públicos nos estados brasileiros. Para atingir tal objetivo, um índice (IMCGP) que refletisse alterações na composição dos gastos públicos foi criado e utilizado como variável dependente. A amostra foi composta pelos 26 estados brasileiros no período de 2004 a 2015, totalizando 312 observações e compreendendo três ciclos eleitorais. Utilizou-se a técnica de regressão com dados em painel. As evidências revelaram que o ano eleitoral e o primeiro mandato não exercem influência significativa sobre o índice de mudança na composição dos gastos públicos. Já a variável que indica mudança de governador apresentou sinal positivo e significância estatística. A pesquisa concluiu que mudanças de governadores são acompanhadas por maiores alterações na composição dos gastos públicos quando comparada às situações nas quais não há mudança de liderança, ampliando o conhecimento sobre como fatores políticos influenciam a dinâmica dos gastos públicos no Brasil.
A APLICAÇÃO DA GESTÃO POR COMPETÊNCIAS NOS PROCESSOS DE GESTÃO DE PESSOAS
Authors: Teodoro de Oliveira Sousa Maria Guesnadia , Nóbrega Barbosa Maria de Fátima
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como a aplicação do modelo de gestão por competências nos processos de gestão de pessoas é vivenciada pelos servidores técnico-administrativos do Centro de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, escolhido como unidade pesquisada. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa e classifica-se como exploratório-descritiva e estudo de campo. Na coleta dos dados foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas com servidores e consulta documental. A análise de conteúdo subsidiou o procedimento de análise dos dados. Os achados da pesquisa demonstraram que o sistema de gestão de pessoas, baseado em competências, possui uma lacuna entre o recomendado na literatura, o disposto nas legislações e a prática vivida na gestão de pessoas na UFCG, especificamente no CCJS. A gestão por competências é viável na Administração Pública brasileira, mas depende de ajustes necessários às especificidades do setor público.
EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE SUBVENÇÕES GOVERNAMENTAIS E GERAÇÃO DE VALOR: UM ESTUDO DAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE UTILIDADE PÚBLICA LISTADAS NA B3
Authors: Viana de Souza Fábia Jaiany , De Barros Câmara Renata Paes , Nóbrega de Almeida Karla Katiuscia , Cunha Callado Antônio André
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a relação existente entre o nível de evidenciação das subvenções governamentais e os indicadores de geração de valor das empresas do setor de utilidade pública listadas na B3. Para tanto, o método de pesquisa utilizado foi empírico-analítico. Os resultados revelaram que 18 empresas apresentaram informações sobre as subvenções governamentais recebidas. Constatou-se que margem bruta, valor adicionado bruto e capital circulante líquido apresentaram relação significativa com existência de subvenções governamentais. Além disso, verificou-se que a presença de maiores índices de evidenciação de subvenções governamentais proporciona maiores indicadores de margem bruta, valor adicionado bruto e endividamento de longo prazo. Porém, os resultados obtidos para o teste qui-quadrado possibilitaram a não aceitação da H1, permitindo concluir que não há diferença estatisticamente significante entre a presença de subvenções governamentais e a geração de valor das empresas pesquisadas.
Free amino nitrogen in sweet wort made from barley varieties tested in the Czech Republic
Authors: Psota Vratislav
Published: August 2019

The effect of the variety on the free amino nitrogen (FAN) content in wort was studied in the set of 24 varieties grown at four different testing sites for a three-year period. FAN was determined by the EBC 4.10 method. The highest average FAN was exhibited by the variety KWS Amadora (193 mg/l). The content of FAN was mostly affected by the year (24%), followed by the site, (15%); the effect of the variety was the lowest (13%). Nearly 50% of the samples exhibited low FAN, slightly over 40% of the samples had medium FAN and 12% of the samples exhibited high FAN.
When Abused Women Decide to Seek Help From a Victims Assistance Program: Their Perceived Needs and Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms
Authors: Mengo Cecilia , Gidycz Christine
Published: August 2019

This study examines the nature of perceived needs of women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) and their association with social demographic characteristics and self-reported mental health symptoms. The study uses data from case records of women victims of IPV (n= 154) seeking help from a victim assistance program housed within city police station located in the southwest, United States. The majority of the women in this study reported needs related to counseling, protection orders, Crime Victims' Compensation Rights, legal services, and Temporary Aid for Needy Families. Findings also indicate that perceived needs of women were significantly associated with self-reported mental health symptoms. Some needs had a stronger relationship to women's mental health symptoms than others. Overall these findings suggest that it is imperative to emphasize responses that can address all the needs of women (in addition to stopping IPV) to reduce mental health symptoms.
Gang-Related Attitudes and Affiliations Among African American Youth: An Ecological Model
Authors: Gooden Adia S. , McMahon Susan D. , Li Yan
Published: August 2019

An array of individual and ecological factors promotes and detracts from gang involvement. Using a transactional-ecological framework, we test a theoretical model in which ecological and individual factors influence gang-related attitudes and affiliations. African American adolescents (N = 174), in 5th–8th grades, from two schools in a disadvantaged community, participated. Path analysis demonstrated the proposed model produced good fit with the data. Significant pathways suggest poverty is associated with less parental support, exposure to violence is associated with more gang-related attitudes and affiliations, and religiosity is associated with fewer gang-related attitudes and affiliations. These findings illustrate the importance of models including ecological and individual factors related to gang involvement and suggest ways to reduce societal problems associated with gangs.
Human Services Utilization Among Male IPV Perpetrators: Relationship to Timing and Completion of Batterer Intervention Programs
Authors: Morrison Penelope K. , Jones Kelley , Miller Elizabeth , Cluss Patricia A. , George Donna , Fleming Rhonda , Hawker Lynn , Bicehouse Terry , Chang Judy C.
Published: August 2019

Limited information exists on the extent to which male perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) are engaged in the use of human services for co-occuringpsychosocial and health issues. The current analysis uses administrative data from one batterer intervention program (BIP) and data from the local Department of Human Services to explore perpetrators' engagement with human services, and the relationship of that use to timing and completion of the BIP. Data for 330 adult male clients referred to the participating BIP from 2010 to 2015 were collected. A majority (63%) had engaged in at least one human service program. The most common kind of service was mental health (46%). The most specific service engagement was child welfare as a parent (41%). Engagement largely concluded prior to beginning the BIP. BIP completers had less service use overall. Future work should explore how these services could be utilized to improve the success of BIPs and reduce perpetration.
The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Reasons for Disclosing Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence Scale
Authors: Turner Sidney , Moschella Elizabeth A. , Banyard Victoria L.
Published: August 2019

A wide body of research has studied what happens when survivors disclose interpersonal violence (Ullman, 2010; Ullman & Filipas, 2001). Less studied is why survivors disclose their experiences. Although research in other disciplines has created measures to assess the reasons for disclosing other concealable identities (Derlega, Winstead, Folk-Barron, & Petronio, 2000), the present study aimed to fill a gap in the existing literature by creating a measure to assess the reasons for disclosing sexual and intimate partner violence. The Reasons for Disclosing Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence Scale was created after interviewing survivors and receiving feedback on the measure from crisis center advocates and experts in the field (i.e., content validity). The psychometric properties (i.e., dimensionality and reliability) of the measure were tested with a sample of 274 adult female survivors of sexual and intimate partner violence. The results suggested that reasons for disclosing sexual and intimate partner violence can be broken down into seven factors (e.g., safety and justice, image validation), and that these reasons vary from other concealable identities.
Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction Among the Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Assault Workforce
Authors: Wood Leila , Wachter Karin , Rhodes Diane , Wang Alex
Published: August 2019

This study examined multi-level factors associated with turnover intention and job satisfaction among the intimate partner violence and sexual assault workforce. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional analysis with data from 530 respondents. Key measures included turnover intention, job satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, and areas of work–life fit. Regression analyses examined multi-level associations with turnover intention and job satisfaction. In the first model, lower satisfaction with supervision, higher burnout scores, lower salaries and identifying as African American were significantly associated with higher turnover intention. In the second model, workplace community and control, lower rates of secondary traumatic stress, and increased use of coping were associated with higher job satisfaction. Lower satisfaction with unpaid and paid leave predicted lower job satisfaction. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Methylene Blue Removal of Fixed-Bed Column Reactor with Pumice and nZVI-Pumice: Experimental and Modeling Study
Authors: Genişoğlu Mesut , Gören Ayşegül Yağmur , Balcı Esin , Recepoğlu Yaşar Kemal , Ökten Hatice Eser
Published: August 2019

Nano
zero-valent iron (nZVI) emerges as a low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent to
treat textile wastewater, which is rich in dye content. However nZVI particles
can easily agglomerate in aqueous environment due to electrostatic interaction,
decreasing their treatment efficiency. Therefore pumice, a low-cost and naturally
found porous material with lower specific surface area (2m2/gr), can
be used as support material to reduce agglomeration of nZVI. Treatment
efficiencies of pumice/nZVI packing (10:0 and 9:1 (w/w)) in column reactor for specified
initial methylene blue concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) were
investigated in this study. Adsorption capacities of the adsorbents were calculated
as 2.8 and 4.2 mg/g-adsorbent, respectively at 100 mg/L initial methylene blue
concentration. Mixed bed column performed significantly better than its pumice-only
counterpart for low initial concentrations. Thomas adsorption model was applied
to  experimental results with a moderate to
high predictive power.
Hayrabolu’da Evsel Katı Atık Toplama Faaliyetleri Sonucu Oluşan Sera Gazlarının Tespiti ve Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Korkut Eyüp Nafiz
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışmada Tekirdağ ilinin Hayrabolu ilçesine ait mahallelerde evsel atıkların
toplanması sonucu oluşan sera gazı miktarları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2017
senesinin Mayıs ayı boyunca yapılmıştır. Evsel atıkların toplanması için
kullanılan araçların yaptıkları toplam mesafeler ve topladıkları atık
miktarları ayrıntılı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitler kullanılarak her
bir toplama aracının meydana getirdiği sera gazı miktarları CO2
eşdeğeri olarak hesaplanmıştır. Küresel ısınma faktörü olarak tanımlanan ve her
bir toplama aracı için 1 ton toplanan atık başına oluşan CO2
eşdeğerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçta ilçede evsel atık toplamaya bağlı her
mahallede ve toplamda meydana gelen sera gazı miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Buna
göre Hayrabolu’da toplamda aylık 18,68 ton CO2 eşdeğeri tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca, aylık ortalama küresel ısınma faktörü 13,30 kg CO2-eş/ton-atık
olarak hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak tespit edilen bu değerler literatürdeki
benzer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır.
Atık Tuğla Tozunun Mineral Katkı Olarak Kullanımının Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Betonun Taze Hal, Mekanik ve Durabilite Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: Tuyan Murat
Published: August 2019

ioranındaatıktuğla→zuikamesii≤oluştura̲nKYBkarışımlarıvey∈eçimen→νnağırlıkça%15,%30ve%45Bu
çalışmada, atık tuğla tozunun mineral katkı olarak kullanımının kendiliğinden
yerleşen beton (KYB) özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, atık tuğla
tozunun mineral katkı olarak performansının karşılaştırılması amacıyla uçucu
kül katkılı KYB karışımları da üretilmiş ve bu betonların performansı ile
kıyaslanmıştır. Bu amaçla, mineral katkı içermeyen kontrol karışımına ek
olarak, çimentonun ağırlıkça %15, %30 ve %45`i oranında atık tuğla tozu ikamesi
ile oluşturulan KYB karışımları ve yine çimentonun ağırlıkça %15, %30 ve %45`i
oranında uçucu kül ikamesi ile üretilen KYB karışımları hazırlanmıştır.
Hazırlanan karışımlar üzerinde, taze betonda çökme-yayılma deneyi, V hunisi
deneyi, L kutusu deneyi ve sertleşmiş betonda ise 7, 28 ve 90 günlük basınç
dayanımı tayini deneyi, 90 günlük eğilme dayanımı tayini deneyi, ultrases geçiş
hızı deneyi, kapiler yolla su emme deneyi, permeabilite deneyi, hızlı klorür
iyonu geçirimlilik deneyi, donma-çözülme ve yüksek sıcaklık direnci deneyi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, atık tuğla tozunun KYB
karışımlarının işlenebilirliğini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Çimento yerine %15
atık tuğla tozu ikame edilerek oluşturulan KYB karışımının ileri yaştaki basınç
dayanımı kontrol karışımına en yakın değere sahip karışım olmuştur. Atık tuğla
tozu içeren karışımların su geçirimlilik özelliklerinin kontrol ve uçucu kül
içeren karışımlardan daha zayıf olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Klorür iyonu
geçirimliliği ve donma-çözülme ve yüksek sıcaklık direnci deneylerinde ise atık
tuğla tozu içeren karışımların performansının kontrol karışımına göre daha iyi
olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Kütahya ve Köprüören Ovalarındaki Yüzey ve Yeraltısularının Hidrojeokimyasal Özellikleri ve İz Element İçerikleri
Authors: Özcan Meral , Karakuş Huseyin
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışma Kütahya ve Köprüören ovalarındaki yüzey ve yeraltısularının hidrojeokimyasal
özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve iz element içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Her iki ovada bulunan yüzey ve yeraltısularının majör iyon ve iz
element analizleri yapılmıştır. Major iyon analizlerine göre bölgedeki doğal
suların kimyasal fasiyesi karbonatlı kayalarca denetlenmektedir. Örneklenen
sularda bazı iz element derişimlerinin içme suyu standartlarındaki sınır
değerleri aştığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki ovada özellikle arsenik (As) derişimleri
on farklı noktada içme suları için 10 ppb olarak önerilen sınır değeri
aşmaktadır. Köprüören ovasında Enne Barajı’na drene olan Köprüören Deresi’nde kurşun
(Pb) ve antimon (Sb) derişimleri eşik değerlerin üzerindedir. Arsenik ve
antimon dışında demir (Fe), çinko (Zn) ve mangan (Mn) derişimlerinin yerel sanayi kuruluşlarının bulunduğu kesimlerde veya
maden işletmeleri civarında yüksek derişimlere ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Fractions Teaching for 6th Graders through Creative Drama Method
Authors: ERSOY Esen , TÜRKER BİBER Belma
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to
determine the impact of using creative drama method to teach fractions for
secondary school-6th-grade students on the attitude and process. The study
group consists of 16 (8 females, 8 males) 6th grade-students. In the scope of
the study, One Group Pretest-Posttest Model was used as a pretest model. In the
study, “Attitudes Towards Mathematics Scale” (Aşkar, 1986) and “Leader
Evaluation Form” which that was developed by the researchers was used as data
collection tools. Workshops towards teaching fractions by using creative drama
method were carried out in the eight-week period and 23 lecture-hour (6
workshops). According to the findings, it can be said that the creative drama
implementations have had a positive impact on the attitude scores of the
students. The results of “Leader Evaluation Form” was determined that the
participants took an active role in the process. The participants contributed
more efficiently in the process each week. In the improvisation stage, the encounter
of participants with examples from the daily life drew the attention. In this
way, it was seen that their creativity came forward during their participation
in the process and it was observed that participation in the actives that have
a mathematics-based content was increased. In the evaluations of the process,
participants had correct answers to the activity papers from the mathematical
perspective.
Open Up: A Survey on Open and Non-anonymized Peer Reviewing
Authors: Besançon Lonni , Rönnberg Niklas , Löwgren Jonas , Tennant Jonathan P. , Cooper Matthew
Published: August 2019

We present a discussion and analysis regarding the benefits and limitations of open and non-anonymized peer review based on literature results and responses to a survey on the reviewing process of alt.chi, a more or less open-review track within the CHI conference, the predominant conference in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). This track currently is the only implementation of an open-peer-review process in the field of HCI while, with the recent increase in interest in open science practices, open review is now being considered and used in other fields. We collected 30 responses from alt.chi authors and reviewers and found that, while the benefits are quite clear and the system is generally well liked by alt.chi participants, they are reluctant to see it used in other venues. This concurs with a number of recent studies that suggest a divergence between support for a more open review process and its practical implementation. The data and scripts are available on https://osf.io/vuw7h/, and the figures and follow-up work on http://tiny.cc/OpenReviews.
Viral strategies of manipulating autophagy to benefit infection
Authors: Wong Ho Him , Sanyal Sumana
Published: August 2019

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved central process in host metabolism. Among its major functions are conservation of energy during starvation, recycling organelles, and turnover of long-lived proteins. Besides, autophagy plays a critical role in removing intracellular pathogens and very likely represents a primordial intrinsic cellular defence mechanism. More recent findings indicate that it has not only retained its ability to degrade intracellular pathogens, but also functions to augment and fine tune antiviral immune responses. Interestingly, viruses have also co-evolved strategies to manipulate this pathway and use it to their advantage. Particularly intriguing is infection-dependent activation of autophagy with positive stranded (+)RNA virus infections, which benefit from the pathway without succumbing to lysosomal degradation. In this review we summarise recent data on viral manipulation of autophagy, with a particular emphasis on +RNA viruses and highlight key unanswered questions in the field that we believe merit further attention.
Deep Learning and Machine Learning in Hydrological Processes, Climate Change and Earth Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Faizollahzadeh ardabili Sina , Mosavi Amir , Dehghani Majid , R. Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária
Published: August 2019

Artificial intelligence methods and application have recently shown great contribution in modeling and prediction of the hydrological processes, climate change, and earth systems. Among them, deep learning and machine learning methods mainly have reported being essential for achieving higher accuracy, robustness, efficiency, computation cost, and overall model performance. This paper presents the state of the art of machine learning and deep learning methods and applications in this realm and the current state, and future trends are discussed. The survey of the advances in machine learning and deep learning are presented through a novel classification of methods. The paper concludes that deep learning is still in the first stages of development, and the research is still progressing. On the other hand, machine learning methods are already established in the fields, and novel methods with higher performance are emerging through ensemble techniques and hybridization.
On the Distribution of an Effective Channel Estimator for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO
Authors: Pereira de Figueiredo Felipe Augusto , Ferreira Dias Claudio , Cardoso Fabbryccio A. C. M. , Fraidenraich Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Accurate channel estimation is of utmost importance for massive MIMO systems to provide significant improvements in spectral and energy efficiency. In this work, we present a study on the distribution of a simple but yet effective and practical channel estimator for multi-cell massive MIMO systems suffering from pilot-contamination. The proposed channel estimator performs well under moderate to aggressive pilot contamination scenarios without previous knowledge of the inter-cell large-scale channel coefficients and noise power, asymptotically approximating the performance of the linear MMSE estimator as the number of antennas increases. We prove that the distribution of the proposed channel estimator can be accurately approximated by the circularly-symmetric complex normal distribution, when the number of antennas, M, deployed at the base station is greater than 10.
The Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Mental Health in a Nationwide Sample of Kazakhstan Adolescents
Authors: Ng Kwok , Cosma Alina , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Adayeva Assel
Published: August 2019

As mental health problems tend to increase during adolescence and is a serious public health issue in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Early detection is necessary and monitoring at the population level can be used to evaluate the progress of national programmes promoting positive well-being. Physical activity (PA) can be protective whereas increased screen time behaviours (STB) can be a risk for low levels of well-being. A national representative sample (n=4,731) of young adolescents aged 11y, 13y, and 15y from the Republic of Kazakhstan took part in the WHO collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Respondents completed the WHO-5 Well-being scale, and items in on PA and STB. Internationally recognised, recommended cut-offs were used for analyses. Two models of binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations with PA (Model 1) and PA with STB (Model 2) after stratification by gender and controlling for age, locality and family affluence. Three quarters of young adolescents in the Republic of Kazakhstan have good overall well-being, despite the proportion reduces as adolescents age from 11y to 15y (boys, OR=0.66 CI=0.49-0.80; girls, OR=0.55, CI=0.43-0.71). The odds ratio for positive well-being were more than twice for boys and more than 3.5 for girls who reported daily PA than not being active daily. Spending less time on STB for girls was associated with positive well-being than spending more STB time (OR=1.28, CI=1.04-1.59). Well-being among young adolescents drops dramatically between the ages of 11y and 15y and is higher among rural schools attendees than in urban schools. The recommended amounts of PA can be protective of low well-being for both boys and girls. However, meeting reporting STB recommendations was only protective for girls and not boys. Designing and implementing positive well-being programmes require consideration of locality and amounts of PA and STB
Relay: A Peer-Delivered Emergency Department–Based Response to Nonfatal Opioid Overdose
Authors: Welch Alice E. , Jeffers Angela , Allen Bennett , Paone Denise , Kunins Hillary V.
Published: August 2019

Relay, a peer-delivered response to nonfatal opioid overdoses, provides overdose prevention education, naloxone, support, and linkage to care to opioid overdose survivors for 90 days after an overdose event. From June 2017 to December 2018, Relay operated in seven New York City emergency departments and enrolled 649 of the 876 eligible individuals seen (74%). Preliminary data show high engagement, primarily among individuals not touched by harm reduction or naloxone distribution networks. Relay is a novel and replicable response to the opioid epidemic.
Longitudinal Response to Restrictions on Menthol Cigarettes Among Young Adult US Menthol Smokers, 2011–2016
Authors: Rose Shyanika W. , Ganz Ollie , Zhou Yitong , Carnegie Brittany E. , Villanti Andrea C. , Rath Jessica , Hair Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2019

Objectives. To examine responses to hypothetical restrictions on menthol cigarettes among young adult menthol smokers in the United States.

Methods. We surveyed Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort respondents 18 to 34 years of age every 6 months from December 2011 through October 2016. Menthol cigarette smokers (n = 806, n = 1963 observations) indicated their response if menthol cigarettes were unavailable. Weighted analyses accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate the prevalence and correlates of responses and trends over time.

Results. Overall, 23.5% of young adult menthol smokers said they would quit if menthol cigarettes were unavailable, with this response largely unchanged between 2011 and 2016. There was a significant increase in the switch to another tobacco product response (from 7.4% to 13.2%; P = .01) associated with current noncigarette use. In adjusted analyses, African Americans, women, those with less than a high school education, and those with any quit intention were more likely to say they would quit smoking.

Conclusions. Increased intentions to switch products suggest the acceptability and availability of alternatives to menthol cigarette smokers. Menthol cigarette restrictions benefit vulnerable groups and those interested in quitting, but the availability of menthol in noncigarette products could limit benefits.
Medicaid Expansion, HIV Testing, and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors in the United States, 2010–2017
Authors: Gai Yunwei , Marthinsen John
Published: August 2019

Objectives. To examine the relationship between Medicaid expansion under the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and both HIV testing and risk behavior among nonelderly adults in the United States.

Methods. We pooled 2010 to 2017 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and focused our main analysis on respondents aged between 25 and 64 years from families with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level. We used the difference-in-difference method and sample-weighted multivariable models to control for individual, state-area–level, and trend factors.

Results. Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant 3.22-percentage-point increase in HIV test rates (P < .01) for individuals below 138% of the federal poverty level, with the largest impacts on non-Hispanic Blacks, age groups 35 to 44 years and 55 to 64 years, and rural areas. Expansion was not related to changes in HIV-related risk behavior.

Conclusions. Medicaid expansion promoted HIV testing without increasing HIV risk behavior, but there were large disparities across race/ethnicity, age, and geographic area types.

Public Health Implications. Nonexpansion states, mostly in the South, might have missed an opportunity to increase HIV test rates, which could have serious future health and financial consequences.
Engaging Parents to Prevent Adolescent Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bergman Peter , Dudovitz Rebecca N. , Dosanjh Kulwant K. , Wong Mitchell D.
Published: August 2019

Objectives. To test whether providing information to parents about their child’s academic performance and behavior in school will lead to lower rates of adolescent substance use.

Methods. We performed a randomized controlled trial in Los Angeles, California. We enrolled 318 seventh graders and their parents in 2014 and collected data through 2016. Half of the participants had parents with income less than $15 000, and 81% were Latino. During this intervention, Linking Information and Families Together, we sent parents weekly text messages, telephone calls, or e-mails about missed assignments, grades, and behavior. Parents reported their monitoring and parenting self-efficacy; students reported their use and intentions to use alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs.

Results. By the end of eighth grade, lifetime use of alcohol or marijuana was 18.2% in the control group and 10.2% in the intervention group (P = .02). Parenting self-efficacy, parent–child relationship, and student’s grades were similar between groups.

Conclusions. The intervention successfully reduced adolescent alcohol and marijuana initiation between grades 7 and 8. The intervention cost $15 per student per year but could be automated, reducing the marginal cost toward zero. The intervention holds promise as a scalable and innovative approach to reducing substance use.

Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02129153.
The Myth of Innate Racial Differences Between White and Black People’s Bodies: Lessons From the 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Hogarth Rana Asali
Published: August 2019

In this commentary, I take up the question of why beliefs in fundamental, innate racial differences between Black and White people’s bodies persist in medical discourse, despite evidence to the contrary.

I locate the origin of some of these beliefs in the infamous yellow fever epidemic that struck Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1793. During that early public health crisis, White physicians and lay people erroneously thought that Black people were immune to yellow fever because of their race. I then highlight the efforts of Philadelphia’s Black leaders during the epidemic—namely Absalom Jones and Richard Allen—to challenge the belief in fundamental and innate differences between Blacks and Whites.

I conclude by asking us to consider how the false belief that there is something peculiar about Black people’s bodies has become a feature, not an aberration, in the production of medical knowledge. Indeed, I point out how medical experimentation in the 20th century and in the marketing of new drugs in the 21st century have been buttressed by this persistent yet incorrect assumption that innate racial differences exist.
“A Widespread Superstition”: The Purported Invulnerability of Workers of Color to Occupational Heat Stress
Authors: Derickson Alan
Published: August 2019

This study explores the history of the denial of the vulnerability of non-White workers to risks of heat illness. Defenders of chattel slavery argued for the capacity of workers of African descent to tolerate extreme environmental temperatures. In Hawai‘i, advocates of racial segregation emphasized the perils to Whites of strenuous work in tropical climates and the advantages of using Chinese immigrants. Growing reliance on Mexican immigrants in agriculture and other outdoor employment in the early 20th century brought forth claims of their natural suitability for unhealthful working conditions. These efforts to naturalize racial hierarchy fell apart after 1930. The Great Depression subverted the notion that people of European descent could not endure hot work. More rigorous investigation refuted contentions of racial difference in heat tolerance.
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with a Fixed Bearing Implant
Authors: Winnock de Grave Philip , Luyckx Thomas , Ryckaert Alexander , Noyez Jan , Gunst Paul , Van den Daelen Luc
Published: August 2019

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative to total knee arthroplasty in isolated medial arthritis. UKA restores native tibial and femoral joint surfaces and corrects pre-disease limb alignment, by which natural knee biomechanics are restored, ensuring effective functional recovery. Proper patient selection and accurate surgical technique contribute to good functional outcome and long-term survival. The key steps of the procedure (as well as multiple tips and tricks) are demonstrated in the video article: (1) preoperative assessment and planning; (2) patient positioning and setup; (3) exposure; (4) instrument options and surgical technique; (5) distal femoral resection; (6) proximal tibial resection; (7) assessment of alignment and gaps; (8) finishing the femur—sizing, position, and posterior resection; (9) finishing the tibia—sizing and position; (10) trialing the implant; (11) implanting final components—cementing technique; (12) closure; and (13) rehabilitation. Following these surgical steps and principles will lead to excellent functional long-term results with a low revision rate and a minimum of complications.
Risk factor and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Admitted to Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia:Prospective cohort study
Authors: Bekele Firomsa , Chelkeba Legese , Fekadu Ginenus , Bekele Kumera
Published: August 2019

Background:Foot problems are very common in people with diabetes affecting up to 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime throughout the world. Foot ulcers significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patients with foot ulcers require long-term hospitalization and carry the risk of limb amputation. Despite this, no study has been done on risk factor and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer in NRH. Methods: A general prospective cohort study of diabetes mellitus patients who had diabetic foot ulcer was conducted among diabetes patients of Nekemte referral hospital (NRH) from March15 to June 15, 2018. The Wagner classification of diabetic foot ulcer was used to assess the severity of foot ulcers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between dependent variable and independent variables. Results: Over the study period, 115 diabetes foot ulcer patients were admitted to the Nekemte referral hospital; of these patients, 35(30.43%) were under gone (minor and major amputations) and 80(69.57%) were healed. Grade of diabetic foot ulcerAOR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.604, 4.789,inappropriate antibioticsAOR = 2.526; 95% CI: 1.767, 8.314, Overweight AOR = 2.767; 95% CI: 1.827, 9.252, obesity AOR = 3.020; 95% CI: 2.556, 16.397,blood glucose controlAOR = 2.592; 95% CI: 1.937, 7.168, and neuropathy AOR = 1.565; 95% CI: 1.508, 4.822 were found to be a risk factor for amputation in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Blood glucose level, higher body mass index (BMI), inappropriate antibiotics given, neuropathy, and advanced grade of diabetic foot ulcer were independent predictors of amputation. Provision of special emphasis for patients having neuropathy and advanced grade of diabetic foot ulcer, decreasing excessive weight gain, managing hyperglycemia, and appropriate antibiotics prescription practice would decrease outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer. Key words:Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Risk Factors, Outcomes,Nekemte Referral hospital
Development of a computer-based quantification method for immunohistochemically-stained tissues and its application to study mast cells in equine wound healing (proof of concept)
Authors: Dubuc Valerie , Laverty Sheila , Richard Hélène , Doré Monique , Theoret Christine
Published: August 2019

Background

There is a growing interest in the scientific community to use computer-based software programs for the quantification of cells during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Drawbacks of current computer-based methods used to quantify immunohistochemical staining are the complexity of use, expense of software and overly-simplified description of protocol thereby limiting reproducibility. The precise role of mast cells in equine cutaneous wound healing is unknown. Given the contribution of mast cells to the chronic inflammation observed in human keloid, a pathology similar to exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) in horses, mast cells might be present in high numbers in equine limb wounds predisposed to EGT. The main goal of this study was to develop a reliable and reproducible quantification method for immunostained tissues using a computer software that is widely available, at no cost, to the scientific community. At secondary goal was to conduct a proof of concept using the newly-established method to quantify mast cells during wound healing at different anatomical sites (body and limb) in horses.

Results

A good intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.67 p < 0.05) was found between the computer-based ImageJ method and manual counting. An excellent intra-operator ICC of 0.90 (p < 0.01) was found for the ImageJ quantification method while a good interoperator ICC of 0.69 (p < 0.01) was measured. Mast cells were localized below the epidermis, around cutaneous appendages and blood vessels. Mast cell numbers did not differ significantly in relation to anatomical location or time of healing.

Conclusions

The computer-based quantification method developed is reliable, reproducible, available, cost-free and could be used to study different physiological and pathological processes using immunohistochemistry.
40 cases of Single-incision laparoscopic surgery to totally extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy via umbilical incision under posterior rectus abdominis sheath
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Yizhong , Qi Changlei , Zhou Encheng , Zhang Haiqiang , Fei Ting , Shuai Yongfeng , Jin Haibo
Published: August 2019

Background Since 2008, the first case of Single-incision laparoscopic surgery totally extraperitoneal (SILS-TEP) was reported, there was more than 10 years history on SILS-TEP. Because of difficult to operation, SILS-TEP is popularized slowly. This study investigate the safety and feasibility of SILS-TEP under posterior rectus abdominis sheath. Methods A single 2.5cm long cured incision was made along the lower umbilical border. A 5.0cm size preperitoneal space was created by electrotome or blunt dissection under the posterior sheath and the linea alba. The silica gel sealing sleeve of Iconport single port device was crammthed under the posterior rectus abdominis sheath, then the preperitoneal space was broadened toward lower abdomen in condition of CO2 gas inflation. Conventional laparoscopic instruments were used to complete the operation according to the operation procedure of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy. Results SILS-TEP hernia repair was successfully completed in 39 patients. One need an additional ports to complete totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty. Mean operative time was 73.8 minutes (range, 45 to 130 minutes) and 55.2 minutes (range, 34 to 95 minutes) in unilateral indirect hernia and in unilateral direct or femoral hernia, respectively . Mean operative time was 92.3 minutes (range, 65 to 150 minutes) in bilateral hernia. 3 seroma and 5 chronic pain were seen during the 1-6 months follow-up periods, all were treated conservatively. No other major complications. Mean post-operative hospital stay was 2.6 days. Conclusion The operation of SILS-TEP via umbilical incision under posterior rectus abdominis sheath is safe and feasible. The Iconport single-port device has potential advantages in SILS-TEP surgery. Trial registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR)(www.chictr.org.cn).Registration number:ChiCTR1900023056. Registration date: May 9, 2019.Retrospectively registered.
Correlations between inflammatory response and the increased lymphocyte percentage or CD19+ cell count in Kawasaki disease children undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin in different age intervals
Authors: Zhang Chun , Zhang Xuan , Shen Jia , Lu Xiaotong , Zhang Jian , Chen Sun
Published: August 2019

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used commonly in Kawasaki Disease (KD) but the inflammatory condition during this course remains unclear. We evaluated the inflammatory response before and after the performance of IVIg in KD children in different age intervals to explore precise markers of inflammation and to help individualized treatment of IVIg
Methods: A retrospective survey involving 60 KD children was performed. According to different age intervals, all patients were divided into 5 groups. Linear regression and correlation analysis were performed between the percentage of decreased neutrophil and that of increased lymphocyte in all groups and so did between the absolute cell count of CD19 + cells and the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients aged 4 and over. Results: During the acute phase of KD, after the treatment of IVIg all patients’ reduced percentage of neutrophil correlated positively well with the increased percentage of lymphocyte. With age increased, the correlation coefficients valued higher which were 0.91 (group of less than 1 year), 0.87 (1 year), 0.91 (2 years), 0.97 (3 years), 0.99 (4 years and over) respectively with p value less than 0.01 in all groups. Growing age obviously correlated positively with the value of correlation coefficient (r = 0.88, P < 0.05). In the patients aged 4 and over, abnormal higher CD19 + cell absolute count before the administration of IVIg correlated positively with the scope of reduced IL-10 after the performance of IVIg (r = 0.71, P < 0.05).
Conclusions: During the acute phase of KD children with older age, the regulatory effect of IVIg on the immune response was better and the following recovery of immune function was more rapidly. In KD children aged 4 years and over the abnormal proliferating CD19 + B cell played dominant role in active humoral immune and may have the function of the IL-10 secretion as a compensatory response to balance the overactive humoral immune. Combined assessment of CD19 + B cell absolute count and the extent of IL-10 reduction after IVIg may be a marker of therapeutic effect of IVIg on inflammatory immune response in older KD children.
“It is judgment by the people that have meant something to me that hurts the most”: Inter-discursive evidence synthesis incorporates the lived experience of adolescent mothers
Authors: Dion Anna , Klevor Aime , Nakajima Amy , Andersson Neil
Published: August 2019

Background
Evidence synthesis without meaningful stakeholder engagement can overlook factors considered relevant and influential by stakeholders. This paper presents an inter-discursive approach to grounding conventional mixed methods evidence synthesis in stakeholder views of adolescent perinatal health in Canada.

Methods
A parallel-results convergent mixed review identified studies reporting on perinatal outcomes and experiences of adolescents during pregnancy to 12 months post-partum, in French or English, published in Canada after 2000. We summarized findings using thematic synthesis and descriptive statistics. We then extracted data from a provincial database of maternal and newborn outcomes and calculated relative risks for common perinatal risk factors and outcomes for adolescents compared to adult population within a local health region and across Ontario from 2012-2017. Two trained peer researchers contributed to our evidence syntheses. We shared syntheses with four service providers and 13 marginalized adolescent mothers, who identified and prioritized their areas of concern. A second literature review refocused around the priority issues identified by the women and was then expanded through semi-structured interviews.     

Results
Adolescent mothers face more poverty, higher rates of abuse, anxiety and depression than adult mothers. They also report experiencing negative judgments when accessing services, highlighting the need for more youth-friendly services. Adolescent women prioritized the experience of judgment in perinatal health and social services, and more specifically how they felt judgment contributed to them being identified as a child protection risk. Other priorities included inadequate housing, judgment around breastfeeding, loss of social support and inaccessibility of community resources. Judgment in the adolescent perinatal health literature was summarized around three themes: being invisible, incapable and at risk. Adolescent mothers adapted and added onto these categories, emphasizing organizational and social challenges, with important consequences for their mental health and accessing appropriate care.

Conclusions
Incorporating young women’s voices changed the focus of our research. Women’s priorities highlighted the way motherhood norms are embedded in social and institutional structures. Adolescent women’s experiences of care have important implications for ensuring the effectiveness of more targeted interventions to maximize benefit to women and newborns.
Survival and prognostic factors analyses in malignant giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Xin , Lin Feng , Xu Guijun , Wu Haixiao , Duan Jincai , Mao Min , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2019

Background

The characteristics and survival in patients with malignant giant tumor cancer of bone (GCTB) were not investigated thoroughly due to the limited population. We evaluated the issues based on a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the inter-group difference was tested by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.

Results

A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. In the univariate analysis, age older than 34 years, grade IV, T2/3 stage, M1, distant and surgery of the primary site. Multivariate Cox regression showed the poor survival in patients with age older than 34 years (hazard ratio (HR) =3.68, 95% CI: 2.06-6.57, P<0.001), T2 stage (HR=4.96, 95% CI: 1.57-15.63, P=0.006), distant tumor (HR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.32-6.92, P=0.009), and the extra-skeletal sites (HR=8.84, 95% CI: 2.89-27.07, P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of the malignant GCTB. Age, T2, distant tumor and extra-skeletal sites were determinant survival factors of the patients with malignant GCTB.