bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positional ordering induced by dynamic steric interactions in superparamagnetic rods
Authors: Brisbois Chase Austyn , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: January 2023

Precessing magnetic fields will induce positional ordering of superparamagnetic rods solely due to steric collisions. This transition occurs regardless of what induces precession and leads to synchronization-driven phase separation.
Electric field distribution around asymmetric agglomerate model reconstructed from FIB–SEM images of epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Tagawa Kazuma , Kurimoto Muneaki , Sawada Toru , Yoshida Shigeyoshi , Umemoto Takahiro , Muto Hirotaka
Published: January 2023

This study focussed on determining the electric field distribution formed by asymmetric agglomerates in order to elucidate the mechanism by which large agglomerates reduce the dielectric breakdown strength of nanocomposites. Epoxy nanocomposite sample was prepared by adding 2.5 vol% of TiO2 nanoparticles with a primary particle size ranging from 30 to 50 nm. The three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the epoxy nanocomposites with a thickness of 5 μm was analysed via focussed ion beam and scanning electron microscopy. The 3D reconstruction was performed using 250 observation images, and a 3D model of the particle in the observational range was obtained. The electric field distribution for the 3D model of the agglomerate with the largest size was determined using the finite element method. In addition, we constructed a calculation model that effectively accommodate changes in the direction of the applied electric field. Subsequently, we examined the changes in the maximum electric field intensity around the agglomerate.
A study on the implementation of precise poverty alleviation policies in Luotan Village, Zhangjiajie City, Xiangxi Province —— A perspective based on the Mitt-Horn policy implementation system model
Authors: Yuan Dingke
Published: January 2023

Since General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the policy of precise poverty alleviation in 2014, localities have made sufficient preparations to actively promote the implementation of poverty alleviation policies. China gained a comprehensive victory in poverty eradication in 2020, and the experience process is worth studying as each region has developed poverty eradication policies with local characteristics and achieved good implementation results. This article uses the Mitt-Horn system model of the policy implementation process as a framework to study the implementation of the precision poverty reduction policy in Luotan Village, Zhangjiajie City, Xiangxi Province. The study shows that the implementation of poverty alleviation policies in Luotan village of Zhangjiajie City is closely related to the degree of coordination between the respective functions and interactions of six factors: policy goals and standards, policy resources, implementation methods, characteristics of policy implementation agencies, system environment, and values of policy implementation personnel. Therefore, with the help of this model, we can better understand how poverty alleviation policies are effectively implemented in Luotan village, and encourage the participation of multiple parties to broaden the path of rural economic development and stimulate the endogenous power of rural construction.
Reasons for Teenagers’ Habitual Use of Social Media: A Case Study of TikTok
Authors: Yang Yihan
Published: January 2023

With the development of Internet and 5G, new social media has been constantly developing and updating. People are getting more and more used to get information from social media. People’s lives have been filled with applications, such as TikTok and Instagram. These applications not only bring much fun and convenience to people, but also make it possible for people’s fragmented time to be used wisely. However, at the same time, many people, especially teenagers with poor self-control, would easily be overdependent on the social media. As one of the most famous social media at present, with the help of big data, TikTok has successfully made some teenagers seriously depend on its platform by inferring the users’ minds and accurately showing them the content they demand. This paper takes TikTok as a case study and teenagers as the research object to analysis the reasons why teenagers use social media habitually, and provide some reasonable solutions to reduce teenagers’ media dependency. In short, teenagers get addicted to TikTok primarily because of their self-control is not strong enough so that they fell into the trap of TikTok. TikTok and other social media use big data to predict users’ preference, and take advantage of users’ psychology to make teenagers get addicted to social media without realizing. In order to get rid of the traps, network supervision departments should strengthen the management, TikTok and other social media should recommend more useful short videos to teenagers, and teenagers themselves can also take advantage of big data.
The Impact of Live Streaming Behavior on Consumers’ Consumption Intention
Authors: Ying Jiayao
Published: January 2023

The emergence of the phenomenon of live streaming has led to the development of many industries at home and abroad at present, especially in the context of the COVID-19, live streaming has facilitated people’s consumer life. In order to explore the current popularity of live streaming in China and to provide reasonable suggestions for the development of the live streaming industry, this paper investigated samples of various age groups around us by means of a questionnaire distribution. Research results show that the popularity of live behavior is not very high, there are still a lot of consumers more accustomed to the form of offline consumption, which also requires continuous innovation in the form of live, applicable to a variety of audience groups, live product quality reputation continues to improve, so that consumers’ purchases are guaranteed. This paper conducts in-depth research on live broadcasting behavior, and also provides feasible suggestions for self-improvement of live broadcasting e-commerce, from the perspective of consumer preferences and consumer psychology.
A Study of the Language of Bullet Comments in Bilibili Auto-tune Remix-themed Content Videos
Authors: Li Pengyun
Published: January 2023

As a new and popular medium, bullet comments are popular among young people, and the presence of bullet comments is particularly indispensable in bilibili auto-tune remix-themed content video. The pop-ups themselves have not been a one-day success, but there are many political, economic and social and cultural influences, and the culture of the bullet comments, which originated in Japan, has fused with the culture of Chinese subtitling groups in China, making our bullet comment culture more locally. In fact, many of the internet buzzwords come from online pop-ups, and the auto-tune remix-themed content area, as a gathering place for very talented uploaders, is naturally not short of inspired viewers, and the classic bullet comments from them are gradually becoming visible in many mainstream cultures, and are also used by many influential celebrities or a significant portion of the public, causing a wider spread.From these cultural phenomena, it is easy to see that the producers of auto-tune remix-themed bullet comments have a strong secondary production capacity for specific cultures and a vigorous vitality for cultural products. Therefore, the study of the language of auto-tune remix-themed bullet comments has great significance and reference value for the diversification of cultural industries in the era of online culture and new media.This paper uses literature research, participant observation and inductive analysis to analyse the characteristics and significance of the language of bullet comments in bilibili auto-tune remix-themed content video.
Analysis on the Application of Psychological and Business Strategies of Douyin to Build up Consumer’s Addiction
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2023

The modern society has been developing rapidly, and the Internet has become one of the most revolutionary development throughout the eras. Nowadays, people’s high reliance on the Internet inevitably leads to the development of diverse online products, one of which is the occurrence of the short video applications. A typical representation of a successfully runned short video platform is Douyin, which is the research objective of this paper. This research aims to investigate the strategic mechanisms utilized in the platform Douyin, in terms of both psychological and commercial aspects. This paper focuses specifically on how the use of strategies forms a habit-forming technological product which causes individual’s high addiction. To conclude, the hook model and recommendation algorithms can be the main mechanisms that cause user addiction to Douyin platform.
Hegemonic Gaze: Tyranny, Media Chauvinism and the Image of Women - Based on Chinese Mainstream Media’s News Coverage of Ailing Gu's Winter Olympics Victory
Authors: Zhou Tieyu , Hua Ranjun , Wang Han , Gao Linyi
Published: January 2023

During the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, Chinese freeskier Ailing Gu received much media attention. Past literature and journalistic practice on the media and sport suggest that sport has been an area of absolute male hegemony since ancient times and that the media is constructed around hegemonic male values that help to reinforce ‘historical gender norms. This paper examines the construction of Ailing Gu’s image of the ‘other’ in the media frameworks and discourses based on news stories about her in the official and commercial media. The study finds that the deconstruction of Ailing Gu’s image as an athlete in the news coverage, which appears to reinforce the discourse of female athletes, still serves the ultimate goal of male domination and remains, in essence, a chauvinistic and hegemonic gaze.
Facebook Cyber Security Evaluation
Authors: Sun Jinnan
Published: January 2023

This evaluation is focused on conducting a cybersecurity risk assessment on Facebook, which will map their current practices against the NIST CSF Framework’s 4 of the 5 functions. The evaluation will first list the research of Facebook’s data breach from public information, then will show the analysis of missing control based on the NIST Framework and provide a logical connection between them.
The Historical Transition of All-China Women’s Federation
Authors: Tian Muye
Published: January 2023

All China Woman’s Federation (ACWF) is the sole official institute dedicating to gender equality in China, and had served for more than 76 years of history. Recently, however, the recognition of the organization among the public has been noticeably falling. In hope to answer the question “why and through what process has the influence of ACWF fell”, the researcher explored the development of Chinese public’s perception over ACWF’s role during the 1946 - 1978 period, in which the organization first took shape, by chiefly looking into the A Brief History of Contemporary Chinese Women's Movement, a document written by a sub department of ACWF, largely academic and functions more as an historical research, and a list of most frequently used words by the largest, government funded Chinese newspaper People’s Daily in describing ACWF during the period. The researcher finds notable discrepancy between the two sources, which helps to explore the power dynamic of the ACWF and its direct supporter, the CPC government, as well as the image that CPC government has propagandized its people to think of the ACWF. The research functions as part of a longer research that examines the change of Chinese public’s recognition over ACWF for the entirety of its history.
Influences of Women in the Sports Field from the Sociology Perspective
Authors: Shi Dingxu
Published: January 2023

With the development of the society, the gender issue is getting higher degree of emphasis. In the field of sports, the issues is even with more attention. In this paper, the aim is to discuss the participation and influences of women in the sports field from the sociology perspective, from the aspect of opportunity cost, women participation and interest towards sports
Co-working with AI is a Double-sword in Technostress? An Integrative Review of Human-AI Collaboration from a Holistic Process of Technostress
Authors: Xia Mengting
Published: January 2023

An accumulating body of research has demonstrated that human-AI (Artificial Intelligence) collaboration is an indistinguishable future of work. The study of employee-perspective, affect-related responses, and job-related consequences from the adoption and use of AI is gaining attraction in the field of business and management. Some research has examined the technostress creators or negative responses related to human-AI collaboration, however, a holistic process of technostress that considers both positive and negative impacts has not been adopted. This study integrates the findings to examine the relationship between technostress and human-AI collaboration, based on the technostress creators (challenge technostressors and hindrance technostressors), positive and negative psychological responses, and outcomes in work-related well-being and intention to use AI. Future research opportunities on technostress generated by human-AI collaboration are discussed alongside implications to theory and management practices.
Guideline for Green Design of Printers and Multi-function Printers
Authors: Zong Jianfang , Zhang Xin , Yang Yutao , Li Husheng , Yuan Han
Published: January 2023

This paper regulates the purposes and basic principles of green design of printers and multi-function printers, and provides the green design requirements and procedures of printers and multi-function printers. This paper will provide the guiding targets for the printer manufacturer, standardize the enterprise behaviour of printer, and lead the printer product enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of printer product, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.
Individuelle Behandlung bei Glaukompatienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Luebke Jan
Published: January 2023

Das Glaukom und der Diabetes mellitus sind 2 in Europa und weltweit häufig vorkommende chronische Erkrankungen, die einer intensiven Therapie bedürfen. Pathophysiologisch werden
verschiedene Mechanismen diskutiert, die vor allem beim Vorliegen eines Diabetes mellitus die Entstehung eines Glaukoms begünstigen. Die medikamentöse und chirurgische Einstellung des
Augeninnendruckes ist bei Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus mit einigen Einschränkungen verbunden, so zeigen die filtrierenden Eingriffe geringere Erfolgsraten als bei nicht an Diabetes
erkrankten Glaukompatienten. Neben der rein augenheilkundlich-endokrinologischen Therapie sollte ebenfalls die psychologische Belastung durch 2 chronische Erkrankungen bedacht und in den
individuellen Therapieplan aufgenommen werden.
German Radiological Society and the Professional Association of German Radiologists Position Paper on Coronary computed tomography: Clinical Evidence and Quality of Patient Care in Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Langenbach Marcel C. , Sandstede Jörn , Sieren Malte M. , Barkhausen Jörg , Gutberlet Matthias , Bamberg Fabian , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Maintz David , Naehle Claas P.
Published: January 2023

This position paper is a joint statement of the German Radiological Society (DRG) and the Professional Association of German Radiologists (BDR), which reflects the current state of knowledge about coronary computed tomography. It is based on preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the clinical relevance as well as the technical requirements and fundamentals of cardiac computed tomography.

Citation Format
Evaluation der Nutzung von intraoperativer OCT im operativen Alltag: ein 2-Jahres-Vergleich
Authors: Juergens Lukas , Michiels Sofie , Seiler Theo , Menzel-Severing Johannes , Holtmann Christoph , Spaniol Kistina , Borrelli Maria , Schrader Stefan , Guthoff Rainer , Geerling Gerd
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Im Verlauf der letzten Jahre werden zunehmend mehr OP-Mikroskope mit OCT-Modul (intraoperatives OCT, iOCT) verfügbar, die in Echtzeit hochauflösende Aufnahmen des
OP-Situs liefern. Nachdem eine Erhebung 2018 an unserer Klinik nur in 2,4% aller Operationen einen intraoperativen Zusatznutzen der iOCT ergab, der Hersteller aber die Hardware und Software
überarbeitet hat, führten wir erneut eine Nutzenanalyse der Technologie durch.

Material und Methoden Prospektive monozentrische Analyse zu Einsatz und Anwenderfreundlichkeit eines EnFocus Ultra-Deep OCT (Leica Microsystems) über einen Zeitraum von 25 (2018)
bzw. 20 Werktagen (2021). Anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens wurde die Verwendung der iOCT auf den OP-Verlauf durch die Operateure bewertet.

Ergebnisse 2018 wurden über einen Zeitraum von 25 Tagen 118 Operationen und 2021 über 20 Tage 92 Operationen durchgeführt. 2018 wurde die iOCT-Funktion in 24,6% und 2021 in 48,9%
aller Eingriffe eingesetzt, wobei sich in beiden Jahren die iOCT nach Einschätzung durch die Operateure in 2,4% bzw. 3,3% als „entscheidend“ für den OP-Verlauf erwies. Hierbei handelte es
sich um Operationen, bei denen der intraokulare Einblick limitiert war, wie z. B. bei dekompensierter Hornhaut, Glaskörperblutung oder nach Voroperationen wie z. B. nach perforierender
Keratoplastik.

Schlussfolgerung Durch die Weiterentwicklung der Nutzeroberfläche wurde eine Verbesserung der Bedienbarkeit erzielt und das iOCT deutlich häufiger verwendet. Die iOCT erwies sich in
vergleichbar wenigen Operationen, insbesondere bei komplexen Ausgangslagen, als verlaufsentscheidend.
The Untold Journey of Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Tong Rongbiao
Published: January 2023

This personal Account presents the developments of two synthetic strategies (Phenol Oxidative Dearomatization, POD; and Furan Oxidative dearomatization, FOD) for total synthesis of natural products. The POD program was originally derived from our first total synthesis of tenuipyrone, while our productive FOD program arose from the total synthesis of the uprolide family. Instead of a review summary of our total synthesis, this Account is focused on how these total synthesis projects are conceived and connected from the perspective of laboratory development. It is evident that total synthesis is not an isolated event, but a connecting and inspirational point that sparks new ideas and new projects.

1 Introduction

2 Total Synthesis versus Synthetic Methodology

3 Development of Phenol Oxidative Dearomatization (POD) for Total Synthesis

4 Development of Furan Oxidative Dearomatization (FOD, Achmatowicz rearrangement) for Total Synthesis

5 Conclusion and Outlook
A One-Pot Method to Prepare 4,5-Benzotropones and 2,3,4,5-Dibenzotropones
Authors: Chen Zili , Li Fang-Qin , Liu Xiao-Yu
Published: January 2023

An extremely simple method is developed to prepare 4,5-benzotropones and 2,3,4,5-dibenzotropones via one-pot cycloaddition reactions of alkynes with naphthoquinones and dibenzoquinones mediated by BF3·Et2O. Various mono- and disubstituted phenylacetylenes, multisubstituted 1,2-naphthoquinones and dibenzoquinone substrates are investigated. In addition, a scale-up synthesis of 7-phenyl-5H-dibenzo[a,c][7]annulen-5-one and further derivation of 7-(4-fluorophenyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,c][7]annulen-5-one are explored.
A review on recent machine learning applications for imaging mass spectrometry studies
Authors: Jetybayeva Albina , Borodinov Nikolay , Ievlev Anton V. , Haque Md Inzamam Ul , Hinkle Jacob , Lamberti William A. , Meredith J. Carson , Abmayr David , Ovchinnikova Olga S.
Published: January 2023

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used in biology, chemistry, and materials science fields that continue to expand. IMS provides a qualitative compositional analysis and spatial mapping with high chemical specificity. The spatial mapping information can be 2D or 3D depending on the analysis technique employed. Due to the combination of complex mass spectra coupled with spatial information, large high-dimensional datasets (hyperspectral) are often produced. Therefore, the use of automated computational methods for an exploratory analysis is highly beneficial. The fast-paced development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools has received significant attention in recent years. These tools, in principle, can enable the unification of data collection and analysis into a single pipeline to make sampling and analysis decisions on the go. There are various ML approaches that have been applied to IMS data over the last decade. In this review, we discuss recent examples of the common unsupervised (principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, k-means clustering, uniform manifold approximation and projection), supervised (random forest, logistic regression, XGboost, support vector machine), and other methods applied to various IMS datasets in the past five years. The information from this review will be useful for specialists from both IMS and ML fields since it summarizes current and representative studies of computational ML-based exploratory methods for IMS.
Ion cyclotron heating at high plasma density in Proto-MPEX
Authors: Goulding R. H. , Lau C. H. , Piotrowicz P. A. , Beers C. J. , Biewer T. M. , Caneses J. F. , Caughman J. B. , Kafle N. , Rapp J.
Published: January 2023

The physics of ion cyclotron heating (ICH) relevant to the steady-state linear machine MPEX (Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment) has been explored in its predecessor, short-pulse device: Proto-MPEX. MPEX will utilize fundamental ICH to increase heat flux at the target and produce ion temperatures and velocity distributions with improved fidelity to those found in a tokamak divertor region, in comparison to those produced by substrate biasing. In the experiments on Proto-MPEX described here, bulk ion temperatures up to ∼ 15 eV have been achieved with 20 kW net ICH power at 6.5 MHz, using ICH heating of a deuterium plasma produced by a helicon plasma source. The heat flux at the target has been observed to increase throughout the plasma cross section, including in the core region. Core Ti and target heat flux are observed to scale linearly with injected ICH power. Measurements of plasma loading and target heat flux as a function of the magnetic field strength at the antenna, together with modeling of the wave propagation from the antenna to the ion cyclotron resonance using the ANTENA and COMSOL codes with a warm plasma dielectric tensor, indicate that power is coupled to the core plasma via fast wave excitation of a kinetic Alfvén wave.
Enhancing the limit of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induced by ion beam erosion
Authors: Bera Anup Kumar , Dev Arun Singh , Kumar Dileep
Published: January 2023

Artificial tailoring of magnetic anisotropy by manipulating interfacial morphology and film structure is of fundamental interest from an application point of view in spintronic and magnetic memory devices. This Letter reports an approach to engineer and enhance the strength of oblique incidence ion beam erosion (IBE)-induced in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) by simultaneous modification of film morphology and film texture. Cobalt film and Si substrate have been taken as a model system to meet this objective. Unlike conventional thin film deposition on ripple patterned substrate or post-growth IBE of film, we direct our effort to the sequential deposition and subsequent IBE of the film. Detailed in situ investigation shows that the film grows in a textured polycrystalline state with the formation of nanometric surface ripples. The film also exhibits pronounced UMA with an easy axis oriented parallel to the surface ripple direction. Remarkably, the induced UMA is about one order of magnitude larger than the IBE-induced UMA reported earlier. The capability of imposing in-plane crystallographic texture throughout the film layer gives rise to magneto-crystalline anisotropy along with the shape anisotropy of nanometric surface ripples, which enhances the strength of the UMA and illustrates the universal applicability of the present method.
The nonlinear interaction of relativistic laser and hot plasma
Authors: Qian Ping-Tong , Zhang Xiao-Bo , Jiao Chen , Cui Xiang-Yu , Zhang Ai-Xia , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: January 2023

Propagation of an electromagnetic (EM) pulse in an underdense plasma can either generate a wakefield or excite soliton wave, which depends on the competition between the linear dispersion and nonlinear self-modulation of the wave. Here, we study the interaction of the EM pulse and relativistic hot plasma analytically and numerically and reveal the physical mechanism of the transition from wakefield generation to soliton excitation in terms of soliton stability and modulation instability (MI) of a plane wave. Starting from the relativistic hot fluid-Maxwell model, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) governing the amplitude of scalar potential is obtained by using a multi-scale perturbation technique. The bright and dark soliton solutions of the NLSE are obtained analytically. The stability phase diagram of solitons is given numerically. Furthermore, the MI of the plane wave is studied, and the stability phase diagram of MI is obtained. The results indicate that, when the plasma density increases, the propagation of the EM pulse in the plasma experiences wakefield–soliton transition, which depends on the thermal effect. Our results provide theoretical evidence for deep understanding of high-power laser plasma interaction.
Temperature sensing with RF-dressed states of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Tabuchi Hibiki , Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Furuya Noboru , Nakano Yuta , Watanabe Hideyuki , Tokuda Norio , Mizuochi Norikazu , Ishi-Hayase Junko
Published: January 2023

Using the electronic spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is a promising approach to realizing high-precision temperature sensors; furthermore, pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (pulsed-ODMR) is one way to measure the temperature using these NV centers. However, pulsed-ODMR techniques such as D-Ramsey, thermal echo, or thermal Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill sequences require careful calibration and strict time synchronization to control the microwave (MW) pulses, which complicates their applicability. Continuous-wave ODMR (CW-ODMR) is a more advantageous way to measure temperature with NV centers because it can be implemented simply by continuous application of a green laser and MW radiation. However, CW-ODMR has lower sensitivity than pulsed-ODMR. Therefore, it is important to improve the temperature sensitivity of CW-ODMR techniques. Herein, we thus propose and demonstrate a method for measuring temperature using CW-ODMR with a quantum spin state dressed by a radio-frequency (RF) field under a transverse magnetic field. The use of an RF field is expected to suppress the inhomogeneous broadening resulting from strain and/or electric-field variations. The experimental results confirm that the linewidth is decreased in the proposed scheme when compared to the conventional scheme. In addition, we measured the temperature sensitivity to be about 50.4±3.5mK/Hz, and this is approximately eight times better than that of the conventional scheme.
Quantum efficiency enhancement in simulated nanostructured negative electron affinity GaAs photocathodes
Authors: Rahman Md Aziz Ar , Zhang Shukui , Elsayed-Ali Hani E.
Published: January 2023

Nanostructured negative electron affinity GaAs photocathodes for a polarized electron source are studied using finite difference time domain optical simulation. The structures studied are nanosquare columns, truncated nanocones, and truncated nanopyramids. Mie-type resonances in the 700–800 nm waveband, suitable for generation of polarized electrons, are identified. At resonance wavelengths, the nanostructures can absorb up to 99% of the incident light. For nanosquare columns and truncated nanocones, the maximum quantum efficiency (QE) at 780 nm obtained from simulation is 27%, whereas for simulated nanopyramids, the QE is ∼21%. The high photocathode quantum efficiency is due to the shift of Mie resonance toward the longer wavelength, leading to increased light absorption. The field profile distribution shows the excitation of dipole and quadrupole modes within the nanostructures at resonant frequencies. This leads to enhanced photoabsorption and photoelectron generation closer to emission surfaces than for a flat photocathode. The enhanced photoabsorption and reduced electron transport distance for the nanostructured photocathode enhance its QE compared to that for the flat surface wafer.
Distributed feedback lasers up to the 400th Bragg order with an organic active layer
Authors: Li Yun , Lakhwani Girish
Published: January 2023

The output characteristics and lasing threshold behavior of higher order Bragg lasers are explored using an organic active layer spin-cast over substrate-defined fused-silica gratings. Gratings ranging from 1st to the 400th Bragg order of varying duty cycle are fabricated with standard e-beam lithography. Distinct diffraction orders are observed at lower Bragg orders but smear out toward higher orders due to overlapping diffracted orders. Significant variation in thresholds is observed with duty cycle for most Bragg orders. A dramatic reduction in threshold is observed with increasing cavity length. The lowest lasing thresholds obtained for 4th and 400th order distributed feedback lasers are ∼1.4 and 4 μJ cm−2, respectively, using F80.9BT0.1 as an active layer. 400th order Bragg lasers are fabricated with direct-write photolithography using a UV laser diode, with comparable thresholds to e-beam lithography fabricated devices.
Direct observation of the thermal noise spectrum of a silicon flexure membrane
Authors: Kapasi D. P. , Nguyen T. T-H. , Ward R. L. , Eichholz J. , Iqbal M. H. , McRae T. G. , Altin P. A. , McClelland D. E. , Slagmolen B. J. J.
Published: January 2023

We present a direct measurement of the displacement noise spectrum of a macroscopic silicon flexure at room temperature. A cantilever attached to the 100 μm thick flexure holds a mirror which forms part of an optical cavity to enhance the displacement sensitivity to thermal noise. We predict the displacement noise spectrum using a simple model that assumes the dominant source of frequency-dependent loss is thermo-elastic damping and find good agreement with the experimental data. The measurement is consistent with a frequency-independent loss of ϕ0,fi=1.6×10−5 combined with frequency-dependent thermo-elastic damping as the dominant losses. A crossover between the two that occurs well above the flexure resonant frequency allows a broadband measurement of the thermal noise of the silicon flexure. The flexure material, geometry, and measurement band are similar to those of planned future gravitational wave detectors.
The tidal prism as a dynamic response of a nonlinear harmonic system
Authors: Petti M. , Pascolo S. , Bosa S. , Busetto N.
Published: January 2023

As known, the empirical relationship between the equilibrium cross-sectional area of a lagoon inlet and the tidal prism was intuited for the first time by LeConte [“Discussion on the paper, “Notes on the improvement of river and harbor outlets in the United States” by D. A. Watt,” Trans. ASCE 55, 306–308 (1905).] and then formalized by O'Brien [“Estuary tidal prism related to entrance areas,” Civ. Eng. 1(8), 738–739 (1931)]. This relationship requires knowledge of the tidal prism, which can be estimated either using the cubature method or the current data method [Jarrett, Tidal Prism-Inlet Area Relationships (Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Belvoir, VA, 1976)], both of which involve the execution of a number of experimental measurements. However, these methods, besides being very expensive, can only provide the prism value in the present condition and do not allow for predictions in the case of significant morphological changes, of both natural and anthropic origin, to the tidal inlet. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic relationship, which links the tidal prism to the product of the tidal range and the basin extension, can only give a coarse estimate of the prism, especially when the value of the tide outside the lagoon is considered. In this work, we propose a simple hydrodynamic relationship based on the dynamic response of a nonlinear harmonic system. This is a relationship that requires the calibration of a single physically based parameter. Through this relationship, knowing the geometric characteristics, the bottom friction of the inlet channel, the surface of the basin, and the tide amplitude in the open sea, it is possible to estimate the tidal prism. The application of this relationship to real cases shows a good agreement with the experimental data.
A review of droplet bouncing behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces: Theory, methods, and applications
Authors: Wang He , Lu Hao , Zhao Wenjun
Published: January 2023

The phenomenon of droplet bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces has received extensive attention in the academic and industrial fields, as it is critical for various engineering applications, such as anti-icing, spray cooling, and metal quenching. In this review, the research of droplet bouncing behaviors is comprehensively introduced from the bouncing mechanism, research methods, and potential applications. The bouncing mechanism is related to three aspects: droplet properties, surface characteristics, and ambient conditions. Among them, droplet size, impact velocity, gas film, surface morphology, surface temperature, and applied electric field are frequently concerned. Surface wettability is critical for droplet bouncing behaviors, which affects the droplet movement on the surface. Momentum and mass distribution are essential to reduce contact time, which can be achieved through the surface morphology design. The manipulation of solid–liquid contact lines and surface tension can achieve directional droplet transportation. In addition, typical droplet bouncing experiments are presented, and experimental studies of single and successive droplets in recent decades are collated. Volume of fluid, the lattice Boltzmann method, and molecular dynamics are described, which are typical simulation methods for droplet bouncing dynamics at different scales. Potential engineering applications such as surface self-cleaning, digital microfluidics, and enhanced heat transfer have been developed through theoretical foundations and research methods. Finally, the conclusions and the possible future research directions are outlined. The durability of superhydrophobic surfaces becomes a bottleneck for engineering applications. The life cycle research perspective may be applied to future studies.
STING controls T cell memory fitness during infection through T cell-intrinsic and IDO-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Quaney Michael J. , Pritzl Curtis J. , Luera Dezzarae , Newth Rebecca J. , Knudson Karin M. , Saxena Vikas , Guldenpfennig Caitlyn , Gil Diana , Rae Chris S. , Lauer Peter , Daniels Mark A. , Teixeiro Emma
Published: January 2023

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling has been extensively studied in inflammatory diseases and cancer, while its role in T cell responses to infection is unclear. Using
Listeria monocytogenes
strains engineered to induce different levels of c-di-AMP, we found that high STING signals impaired T cell memory upon infection via increased Bim levels and apoptosis. Unexpectedly, reduction of TCR signal strength or T cell-STING expression decreased Bim expression, T cell apoptosis, and recovered T cell memory. We found that TCR signal intensity coupled STING signal strength to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and T cell survival. Under strong STING signaling, Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition also reduced apoptosis and led to a recovery of T cell memory in STING sufficient CD8 T cells. Thus, STING signaling regulates CD8 T cell memory fitness through both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. These studies provide insight into how IDO and STING therapies could improve long-term T cell protective immunity.
Community interactions drive the evolution of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria
Authors: Pearl Mizrahi Sivan , Goyal Akshit , Gore Jeff
Published: January 2023

The emergence of antibiotic tolerance (prolonged survival against exposure) in natural bacterial populations is a major concern. Since it has been studied primarily in isogenic populations, we do not yet understand how ecological interactions in a diverse community impact the evolution of tolerance. To address this, we studied the evolutionary dynamics of a synthetic bacterial community composed of two interacting strains. In this community, an antibiotic-resistant strain protected the other, susceptible strain by degrading the antibiotic ampicillin in the medium. Surprisingly, we found that in the presence of antibiotics, the susceptible strain evolved tolerance. Tolerance was typified by an increase in survival as well as an accompanying decrease in the growth rate, highlighting a trade-off between the two. A simple mathematical model explained that the observed decrease in the death rate, even when coupled with a decreased growth rate, is beneficial in a community with weak protective interactions. In the presence of strong interactions, the model predicted that the trade-off would instead be detrimental, and tolerance would not emerge, which we experimentally verified. By whole genome sequencing the evolved tolerant isolates, we identified two genetic hot spots which accumulated mutations in parallel lines, suggesting their association with tolerance. Our work highlights that ecological interactions can promote antibiotic tolerance in bacterial communities, which has remained understudied.
A single parameter can predict surfactant impairment of superhydrophobic drag reduction
Authors: Temprano-Coleto Fernando , Smith Scott M. , Peaudecerf François J. , Landel Julien R. , Gibou Frédéric , Luzzatto-Fegiz Paolo
Published: January 2023

Recent experimental and computational investigations have shown that trace amounts of surfactants, unavoidable in practice, can critically impair the drag reduction of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs), by inducing Marangoni stresses at the air–liquid interface. However, predictive models for realistic SHS geometries do not yet exist, which has limited the understanding and mitigation of these adverse surfactant effects. To address this issue, we derive a model for laminar, three-dimensional flow over SHS gratings as a function of geometry and soluble surfactant properties, which together encompass 10 dimensionless groups. We establish that the grating length
g
is the key geometric parameter and predict that the ratio between actual and surfactant-free slip increases with
g
2
. Guided by our model, we perform synergistic numerical simulations and microfluidic experiments, finding good agreement with the theory as we vary surfactant type and SHS geometry. Our model also enables the estimation, based on velocity measurements, of a priori unknown properties of surfactants inherently present in microfluidic systems. For SHSs, we show that surfactant effects can be predicted by a single parameter, representing the ratio between the grating length and the interface length scale beyond which the flow mobilizes the air–water interface. This mobilization length is more sensitive to the surfactant chemistry than to its concentration, such that even trace-level contaminants may significantly increase drag if they are highly surface active. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of realistic interfacial flows and provide practical strategies to maximize superhydrophobic drag reduction.
How acidic amino acid residues facilitate DNA target site selection
Authors: Hossain Kazi Amirul , Kogut Mateusz , Słabońska Joanna , Sappati Subrahmanyam , Wieczór Miłosz , Czub Jacek
Published: January 2023

Despite the negative charge of the DNA backbone, acidic residues (Asp/Glu) commonly participate in the base readout, with a strong preference for cytosine. In fact, in the solved DNA/protein structures, cytosine is recognized almost exclusively by Asp/Glu through a direct hydrogen bond, while at the same time, adenine, regardless of its amino group, shows no propensity for Asp/Glu. Here, we analyzed the contribution of Asp/Glu to sequence-specific DNA binding using classical and ab initio simulations of selected transcription factors and found that it is governed by a fine balance between the repulsion from backbone phosphates and attractive interactions with cytosine. Specifically, Asp/Glu lower the affinity for noncytosine sites and thus act as negative selectors preventing off-target binding. At cytosine-containing sites, the favorable contribution does not merely rely on the formation of a single H-bond but usually requires the presence of positive potential generated by multiple cytosines, consistently with the observed excess of cytosine in the target sites. Finally, we show that the preference of Asp/Glu for cytosine over adenine is a result of the repulsion from the adenine imidazole ring and a tendency of purine–purine dinucleotides to adopt the BII conformation.
Upregulation of Robo4 expression by SMAD signaling suppresses vascular permeability and mortality in endotoxemia and COVID-19 models
Authors: Morita Maaya , Yoneda Aki , Tokunoh Nagisa , Masaki Tatsumi , Shirakura Keisuke , Kinoshita Mayumi , Hashimoto Rina , Shigesada Naoya , Takahashi Junya , Tachibana Masashi , Tanaka Shota , Obana Masanori , Hino Nobumasa , Ikawa Masahito , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Ono Chikako , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Takakura Nobuyuki , Kubota Yoshiaki , Doi Takefumi , Takayama Kazuo , Yoshioka Yasuo , Fujio Yasushi , Okada Yoshiaki
Published: January 2023

There is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to reduce the mortality from severe infectious diseases with the emergence of new pathogens, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although current drugs effectively suppress the proliferation of pathogens, immune cell activation, and inflammatory cytokine functions, they cannot completely reduce mortality from severe infections and sepsis. In this study, we focused on the endothelial cell-specific protein, Roundabout 4 (Robo4), which suppresses vascular permeability by stabilizing endothelial cells, and investigated whether enhanced Robo4 expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy against severe infectious diseases. Endothelial-specific overexpression of Robo4 suppresses vascular permeability and reduces mortality in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Screening of small molecules that regulate Robo4 expression and subsequent analysis revealed that two competitive small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling pathways, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)-SMAD2/3 and ALK1-SMAD1/5, positively and negatively regulate Robo4 expression, respectively. An ALK1 inhibitor was found to increase Robo4 expression in mouse lungs, suppress vascular permeability, prevent extravasation of melanoma cells, and decrease mortality in LPS-treated mice. The inhibitor suppressed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced endothelial barrier disruption and decreased mortality in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that enhancing Robo4 expression is an efficient strategy to suppress vascular permeability and mortality in severe infectious diseases, including COVID-19, and that small molecules that upregulate Robo4 can be potential therapeutic agents against these diseases.
Tunable liquid–solid hybrid thermal metamaterials with a topology transition
Authors: Jin Peng , Liu Jinrong , Xu Liujun , Wang Jun , Ouyang Xiaoping , Jiang Jian-Hua , Huang Jiping
Published: January 2023

Thermal metamaterials provide rich control of heat transport which is becoming the foundation of cutting-edge applications ranging from chip cooling to biomedical. However, due to the fundamental laws of physics, the manipulation of heat is much more constrained in conventional thermal metamaterials where effective heat conduction with Onsager reciprocity dominates. Here, through the inclusion of thermal convection and breaking the Onsager reciprocity, we unveil a regime in thermal metamaterials and transformation thermotics that goes beyond effective heat conduction. By designing a liquid–solid hybrid thermal metamaterial, we demonstrate a continuous switch from thermal cloaking to thermal concentration in one device with external tuning. Underlying such a switch is a topology transition in the virtual space of the thermotic transformation which is achieved by tuning the liquid flow via external control. These findings illustrate the extraordinary heat transport in complex multicomponent thermal metamaterials and pave the way toward an unprecedented regime of heat manipulation.
Les cultures et les langues
Authors: d’Iribarne Philippe
Published: January 2023

Il n’y a pas de lien simple entre langue et culture. Une même langue (le français, l’anglais, l’espagnol, etc.)
peut être associé à des manières différentes de parler du monde, associées à des cultures elles aussi différentes, au sein de
communautés différentes d’utilisateurs (Français, Belges francophones et Québécois ; Mexicains et Argentins ; etc.). Des ensembles
de locuteurs de cultures différentes qui se servent d’une même langue vont y puiser des termes différents pour évoquer une même
situation. Simultanément, des ensembles de locuteurs utilisant des langues différentes, mais proches par leurs cultures (par
exemple Belges francophones et néerlandophones), peuvent se servir alors de termes quasi-équivalents.

Pour saisir ce qui différencie deux cultures, il est très fécond de comparer les manières dont une même situation
y est mise en mots. Les différences entre les versions en anglais et en français du texte de la Convention internationale
des droits de l’enfant fournissent une bonne illustration de ce fait. Si provide et
care sont ainsi caractéristiques de la version anglaise, « veiller à » l’est de la version française. On
retrouve ce même contraste dans des domaines très différents de la vie sociale, par exemple la manière dont les constitutions
française d’un côté et américaine de l’autre évoquent le rôle du chef de l’Etat.
Définir l’intelligence interculturelle
Authors: Monteforte Virginia
Published: January 2023

Une définition de l’intelligence interculturelle ne peut pas être univoque ni se dissocier de ses applications, alors qu’une mise en pratique, lors d’un terrain ou de projets interdisciplinaires, nous permet de repenser les limites de nos définitions en y découvrant des potentialités inattendues, grâce au désaccord, à la déconstruction et à la renégociation dialogique et collaborative de certaines prémisses et de certains discours, comme dans le cas des recherches anthropologiques et des projets de recherches appliquées.
Intelligence interculturelle et terminologie comparée
Authors: Elbaz Pascale
Published: January 2023

Le thème du colloque de la CIUTI en 2020 mettait en relation l’intelligence artificielle et l’intelligence
interculturelle. Le présent article se situe du côté de l’intelligence interculturelle dans sa dimension pragmatique. La question
de la signification de l’intelligence interculturelle et des modalités de sa mise en pratique se pose avec acuité pour les
disciplines que nous enseignons à l’ISIT et mène à une dimension didactique, qui vise à préciser comment nous entendons éveiller
l’intelligence interculturelle de nos étudiant.es. Nous présentons en ce sens l’apport de la terminologie comparée, une discipline
installée à la rencontre de deux ou plusieurs systèmes linguistiques et de deux ou plusieurs systèmes culturels et illustrons cet
apport par un retour d’expérience sur deux ateliers collaboratifs.