bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is religion the ‘opiate of the masses’? Religion and political trust in China
Authors: Zhai Yida
Published: October 2021

The past few decades have witnessed a radical religious revival in China, where economic inequality has been sharply increasing as well. This study examines the impact of religion on the Chinese public’s perceptions of income disparity and political trust. The findings show that there is a significant difference in the perceived fairness of personal income distribution between religious and non-religious people. As the opiate thesis on religion predicts, religious beliefs are positively associated with a high level of perceived fairness about personal and national income distribution. Such perceptions of fairness contribute to fostering citizens’ trust in both political institutions and government officials. However, contrary to the opiate thesis, religious beliefs are negatively associated with institutional trust. Moreover, religious beliefs offset the positive effect of the perceived fairness of income distribution on institutional trust. Hence, when income distribution is perceived to be unfair, institutional trust declines more drastically among religious believers than among their non-religious counterparts.
Death Anxiety Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Özgüç Safiye , Kaplan Serin Emine , Tanriverdi Derya
Published: October 2021

Death anxiety is a feeling that exists since birth, continues throughout life, lies at the root of all fears, and develops after the awareness that people will no longer exist and that they can lose themselves and the world. It is associated with death-induced anxiety with many features of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be seen as a threat to human existence. In this study, it is aimed to compile studies on death anxiety associated with coronavirus disease, list the general characteristics of these studies through descriptive summaries, and combine findings on the level of death anxiety associated with coronavirus disease through meta-analysis. The findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 pandemic process and is affected by socio-demographic factors such as fear of COVID-19, gender, and occupation. As a result of this study, it was determined that death anxiety was relatively high during the COVID-19 pandemic process.
Statecraft on cement: The politics of land-based accumulation in Erdoğan’s Turkey
Authors: Yeşilbağ Melih
Published: October 2021

This article contributes to the literature on the role of the state in land-based accumulation by presenting an explanatory framework on the case of contemporary Turkey, a case marked by an unprecedented construction boom that carries the distinct mark of the ruling AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, or Justice and Development Party). Land-based accumulation has constituted a defining aspect of the political economic setting of the AKP era. An investigation of the motivations behind this strategy reveals that it has been instrumental for the ruling party’s political agendas. Through land-based accumulation, the AKP has been able to cultivate a new generation of firms in the construction industry with connections to the party, consolidate its power among domestic capital and develop new mechanisms to finance party politics. Furthermore, symbolic and material manifestations of land-based accumulation have been abundantly used in the party’s propaganda machinery to provide ideological legitimation. Overall, the AKP’s authoritarian grip on power has been forged through the political-ideological resources provided by land-based accumulation. Contrary to the widespread narratives of weakening, passive or merely facilitating states, the case of Turkey brings to the fore an instance of boosting state agendas through land-based accumulation. My findings underline the need to combine capital-switch arguments with a Gramscian political conjunctural analysis for a fuller understanding of the role of the state in land-based accumulation, and point to the urban roots of neoliberal authoritarianism.
The Affordable Care Act’s Coverage Impacts in the Trump Era
Authors: Courtemanche Charles , Fazlul Ishtiaque , Marton James , Ukert Benjamin , Yelowitz Aaron , Zapata Daniela
Published: October 2021

The 2016 US presidential election created uncertainty about the future of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and led to postponed implementation of certain provisions, reduced funding for outreach, and the removal of the individual mandate tax penalty. In this article, we estimate how the causal impact of the ACA on insurance coverage changed during 2017 through 2019, the first 3 years of the Trump administration, compared to 2016. Data come from the 2011–2019 waves of the American Community Survey (ACS), with the sample restricted to non-elderly adults. Our model leverages variation in treatment intensity from state Medicaid expansion decisions and pre-ACA uninsured rates. We find that the coverage gains from the components of the law that took effect nationally—such as the individual mandate and regulations and subsidies in the private non-group market—fell from 5 percentage points in 2016 to 3.6 percentage points in 2019. In contrast, the coverage gains from the Medicaid expansion increased in 2017 (7.0 percentage points) before returning to the 2016 level of coverage gains in 2019 (5.9 percentage points). The net effect of the ACA in expansion states is a combination of these trends, with coverage gains falling from 10.8 percentage points in 2016 to 9.6 percentage points in 2019.
Continuity of Care and the Control of High Blood Pressure at Colombian Primary Care Services
Authors: Barrera Lena , Oviedo Diana , Silva Alvaro , Tovar Diego , Méndez Fabián
Published: October 2021

Continuity of care (COC) has been associated with lower mortality and hospitalizations and higher high blood pressure (HBP) control rates. This evidence mainly came from high income countries. We aimed to identify conditions associated with controlled HBP, particularly COC, in primary care services (PCSs) affiliated to two health insurances in Colombia, a low-median income country. A longitudinal observational study was carried out using clinical records of hypertensive adults >18 years with ≥4 clinic visits attending a contributive and a subsidized PCS in Cali (Colombia) between 2013 and 2014. Subsidized PCSs were for unemployment people and those at low socio-economic position and contributive for formal workers. COC was measured using the Bice and Boxerman index. Logistic regression models were performed to quantify the relation between COC and controlled HBP (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg). Between 2013 and 2014, among 8797 hypertensive people identified, 1358 were included: 935 (68.8%) and 423 (31.1%) from the contributive and subsidized PCSs, respectively. 856 (62.3%) were women and had a mean age of 67.7 years (SD 11.7). All people were on antihypertensive treatment. Over the study period, 522 (38.4%) people had controlled HBP, 410 (43.9%) in the contributive and 112 (26.5%) in subsidized PCSs. An increase in 1 unit of the COC index is associated with a 161% higher probability of having HBP controlled (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.25–5.44). The odds of having controlled HBP increased as the number of visits rose; for example, people at the fourth visit had a 34% (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08–1.66) higher probability of reaching the target. Continuity of care was positively associated with controlled HBP. The strengthening of COC can improve the observed low HBP control rates and reduce health inequalities.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight Among Women Who Gave Birth at Public Health Facilities in North Shewa Zone: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Deriba Berhanu Senbeta , Jemal Kemal
Published: October 2021

Globally, more than 20 million newborns are born with low birth weight (LBW) every year. Most of the LBW occurs in low- and middle-income countries. It is the most critical risk of neonate mortality. Therefore, this study aims to identify determinants of low birth weight among women who gave birth in public health facilities in the North Shewa zone. Institutional-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from February to June 2020 to select 180 cases and 380 controls. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered through EPI Info and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for analysis. Text, percentage and tables were used to present data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to see the association and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI), and P-value < .05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Lack of nutritional counseling (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.14; 95% CI = [1.13, 4.04]), unable to take iron-folate supplement (AOR = 2.3.78; 95% CI = [2.1, 6.85]), insufficient additional meal in take (AOR = 6.93; 95% CI = [3.92, 12.26]), restriction of foods (AOR=2.29; 95% CI =[1.81, 4.09]), maternal mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 23 cm (AOR=2.85; 95% CI = [ 1.68, 4.85]), maternal height ≤155 cm (AOR=3.58; 95% CI = [1.92, 6.7]), anemia (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.21, 4.53]), pregnancy-related complications (AOR=3.39; 95% CI = [2.02, 5.68]), and alcohol drinking during pregnancy (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI = [1.24, 4.08]) were significantly associated with LBW. Nutritional counseling, iron-folate supplementation, additional meal intake, restriction of some foods in pregnancy, MUAC of the mother, maternal stature, maternal anemia status, pregnancy-related complications, and a history of alcohol drinking during pregnancy were identified as determinants of low birth weight. The intervention-targeted nutritional counseling, early detection and treatment of anemia, and behavioral change communication to pregnant women are mandatory.
A WhatsApp-Based Intervention to Improve Maternal Social Support and Maternal–Child Health in Southern Brazil: The Text-Message Intervention to Enhance Social Support (TIES) Feasibility Study
Authors: Trude Angela C. B. , Martins Rafaela Costa , Martins-Silva Thais , Blumenberg Cauane , Carpena Marina X. , Del-Ponte Bianca , Loret de Mola Christian
Published: October 2021

Participatory learning and action cycles with women’s groups have been recommended by the WHO to promote maternal and newborn health, but few studies have tested its feasibility and acceptability in mobile health (mHealth) interventions among mothers of toddlers. This was a mixed-method feasibility assessment of an 8-week WhatsApp-based maternal support group for mothers of toddlers (12–18 months of age) enrolled in a birth cohort study in Southern Brazil. Daily messages and weekly activities were sent by moderators to promote maternal–child outcomes: child nutrition, child sleep, nurturing care, and maternal psychosocial well-being (assessed pre- and post-intervention via self-reported questionnaire). The implementation and engagement of the mothers in the program were assessed by message extraction. Acceptability was evaluated through in-depth interviews (n = 5) and open-ended surveys (n = 10). 1481 messages were exchanged in 3 WhatsApp groups (n = 30 mothers). Mothers were most active on weekdays (68.6% of messages sent on Tuesdays and 72.6% on Thursdays), afternoons (2:00–4:00pm), and evenings (9:00–11:00 pm). Engagement was higher at weeks 1–4. Mothers enjoyed and considered topics relevant. Group interaction was perceived as low, which influenced their participation. The prevalence of depression symptoms decreased from pre- to post-intervention (9% to 5%; P = .04). A moderated mobile-based support group for mothers of toddlers was feasible. mHealth services to promote maternal support are a promising strategy to improve maternal–child outcomes, but engagement and use of the service remains a challenge. Program managers should work with community members to identify ways to support engagement and participation throughout the intervention.
Does Vivid Imagination Deter Visitation? The Role of Mental Imagery Processing in Virtual Tourism on Tourists’ Behavior
Authors: Zheng Chunhui , Chen Zengxiang , Zhang Yuling , Guo Yongrui
Published: October 2021

The digital transformation of the tourism industry influences tourists’ behavior. Grounded in dual-processing theory, this study developed a holistic framework to explain the underlying psychological mechanisms of virtual tourism. The study’s overarching objectives were to (1) examine how mental imagery processing (MIP) of sensory stimuli in virtual tourist attractions influence cognition (learning) and emotion and (2) contribute to prior research that focused on the positive effect of MIP. This study aims to explore the potential negative impacts of MIP on future behavioral intention to visit actual tourist attractions. Two rounds of surveys in China show that MIP influenced cognition and emotion, which together may affect future visitation. MIP inspired a desire to visit through learning, although it also decreased interest because of negative emotions. The current study contributes to the virtual tourism literature and MIP theory and suggests implications for the use of virtual technologies in tourism marketing.
Persuasion Wars as a Useful Tool for Teaching Social Influence: A Replication With Direct Measure of Pedagogical Effectiveness
Authors: Leoniak Krzysztof J. , Gazdowska Zuzanna
Published: October 2021

Background

Persuasion Wars are exercises for teaching social influence that have not been directly assessed with the use of students’ knowledge gain as an indicator.

Objective

This study aimed to establish the extent to which these exercises led to students’ knowledge increase in comparison to traditional teaching method.

Method

In a between subject design, 142 undergraduate students participated in two exercises: Persuasion Wars or Article Analysis. Pre-test and post-test measurements of students’ knowledge were collected to compute knowledge gain scores. At the end of the study, an exercise evaluation survey was distributed among students.

Results

Both teaching methods increased students’ knowledge about social influence. Regardless of the topic, students from Persuasion War group gained more knowledge when compared to students from Article Analysis group. Students assessed both teaching methods to a similar extent.

Conclusion

Persuasion Wars may serve as a useful teaching method in familiarizing students with the basic concepts of social influence despite being rated similarly to a more traditional activity.

Teaching implications

To improve the teaching outcomes of classes concerning basic topics of social influence, teachers should consider the use of Persuasion Wars exercises as well as should incorporate the use of a direct assessment of pedagogical effectiveness to avoid misleading predictions.
Formation mechanism of stress arch during longwall mining based on key strata theory
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Tong , Ma Bo , Chen Denghong
Published: October 2021

The traditional stress arch hypothesis during longwall mining fails to elucidate the formation mechanism of stress arch, and the morphological characteristics and evolution of stress arch are indefinite. To solve these problems, a mechanical model was established for elucidating the formation mechanism of stress arch in overlaying strata. The influencing of key strata on the morphological characteristics of the stress arch was studied. Finally, the evolution of the stress arch during longwall mining was studied through numerical simulation. The results show that the bearing structure of the overlying strata served as the key strata, and the stress arch was formed when the key strata were subjected to deflection after playing a bearing structure role. This was the result of coordination and redistribution of major principal stress in the key strata. The morphological characteristics of the stress arch changed accordingly with the change in key strata. When the thickness of key strata and the distance between key strata and coal seam were gradually increased, the height and width of the stress arch increased accordingly; however, its height was always terminated at the top interface of key strata. At this time, the peak value of the abutment pressure of the working face gradually decreased while the influencing range gradually increased. During longwall mining, the stress arch developed upward by leaps and bounds with the bearing and fracture of key strata. When the overlying key strata were completely fractured, the stress arch disappeared. The results were verified using the field measurement data on the abutment pressure of the Y485 longwall face in Tangshan Mine.
Increased Shoulder Distraction Force and Shoulder Horizontal Abduction in Professional Baseball Pitchers With Discordant Torso Rotation Order
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Dowling Brittany , Dines Joshua S. , Richardson Alexander , McElheny Kathryn L. , Carr James B.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Inefficient energy transfer from the pelvis and trunk has been shown to increase compensation at the level of the shoulder. Kinetic chain sequencing of the core segments is underexamined in professional baseball pitchers, especially as it relates to changes in upper extremity kinetics.

Purpose:

To evaluate elbow and shoulder kinetics in a cohort of professional pitchers differentiated by instances of discordant pelvic to upper torso sequencing during the pitch.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

285 professional baseball pitchers were evaluated using 3D motion capture (480 Hz). Pitchers were divided into “chronological” and “discordant” groups based on whether maximum pelvic rotation velocity occurred before (chronological) or after (discordant) maximum upper torso rotation velocity during the pitch motion. Pelvic, upper torso, and shoulder kinematic parameters, shoulder distraction force, shoulder internal rotation torque, and pitch efficiency (PE) were compared between groups.

Results:

Pitchers with discordant torso sequencing (n = 30; 110 pitches) had greater shoulder horizontal adduction at maximum external rotation (mean difference, 3.6°; 95% CI, −5.2° to −2.0°; t = −4.5; P < .001) and greater maximum shoulder external rotation (mean difference, 3.7°; 95% CI, 5.7° to 1.5°; t = −3.5; P < .001) than chronological pitchers (n = 255; 2974 pitches). PE did not differ between groups ( P = .856), whereas ball velocity was significantly faster in the discordant group (mean difference, 0.6 m/s; 95% CI, −1.1 to −0.3 m/s; t = −3.3; P = .0012). Chronological pitchers had significantly reduced shoulder distraction force (mean difference, −4.7% body weight (BW); 95% CI, −7.9% to −1.5% BW; t = −2.9; P = .004) with no difference in shoulder internal rotation torque ( P = .160). These kinematic and kinetic differences were not observed when accounting for interpitcher variability.

Conclusion:

Between pitchers, those who had a discordant pelvic to upper torso sequence experienced significantly greater shoulder distraction forces, potentially compensating by increasing maximum shoulder external rotation and horizontal abduction. Achieving maximal pelvic rotation velocity before maximal rotation velocity may be advantageous in preventing compensation at the upper extremity and excessive throwing arm loading.

Clinical Relevance:

Identifying risk factors for increased upper extremity forces has potential implications in injury prevention. Specifically, mitigating shoulder distraction forces may be beneficial in reducing risk of injury.
Irreparable Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears With Low-Grade Fatty Degeneration of the Infraspinatus Tendon: Minimum 7-Year Follow-up of Fascia Autograft Patch Procedure and Partial Repair
Authors: Mori Daisuke , Kizaki Kazuha , Funakoshi Noboru , Yamashita Fumiharu , Mizuno Yasuyuki , Shirai Takaaki , Kobayashi Masahiko
Published: October 2021

Background:

In shoulders with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) with high-grade fatty degeneration (Goutallier stage 3 or 4) of the supraspinatus tendon and low-grade fatty degeneration (Goutallier stage 1 or 2) of the infraspinatus tendon (ISP), arthroscopic patch grafting (PG) has been reported as superior to partial repair (PR) regarding the ISP retear rate at short-term to midterm follow-up. However, the longer term outcomes are unclear.

Purpose:

To compare clinical and structural outcomes in the PG and PR groups at a minimum of 7 years postoperatively.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We evaluated 24 patients in the PG group and 24 patients in the PR group. We primarily used the Constant score for clinical outcomes and performed magnetic resonance imaging for structural outcomes in the PG and PR groups. The risk factors for a retear of the ISP were identified by univariate and multivariate (forward stepwise selection method) logistic regression analyses. We primarily compared values at midterm follow-up (<4 years) with values at the final follow-up (minimum 7 years) for each patient.

Results:

The mean midterm and final follow-up times for the PG group were 41.0 and 95.1 months, respectively, compared with 35.7 and 99.3 months, respectively, for the PR group. We found significant differences for the midterm and final follow-up Constant total scores in the PG and PR groups (midterm follow-up: 79.1 vs 69.9, respectively [ P = .001]; final follow-up: 76.0 vs 65.3, respectively [ P = .006]) and in the Constant strength scores (midterm follow-up: 14.6 vs 8.5, respectively [ P < .001]; final follow-up: 13.1 vs 8.3, respectively [ P = .001]). Treatment group (PR) was a significant predictor of an ISP retear in the logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 3.545; P = .043).

Conclusion:

Patients with low-grade massive RCTs treated with PG or PR improved significantly in terms of clinical outcomes at the midterm and final follow-up time points. However, Constant scores were significantly better in the PG group at the final follow-up.
Economic Policies for Innovative Enterprises: Implementing Multi-Stakeholder Corporate Governance
Authors: Palladino Lenore
Published: October 2021

Large corporations dominate economic and social life in the United States and around the globe. The mainstream corporate governance ideology of “shareholder primacy” claims that the exclusive purpose of a corporation is to generate returns for shareholders, which means that governance decisions should be exclusively in their hands. However, shareholder primacy lacks a theory of how companies innovate, and instead focuses solely on allocation of corporate profits, misunderstanding the relationship of shareholders to the twenty-first-century corporation. The theory of the corporation as an innovative enterprise—engaged in productive innovation by producing higher-quality goods and services for lower unit costs—is an accurate way to understand what makes corporations successful producers. Stakeholder theory from progressive legal scholarship illustrates specific corporate governance institutions that can assist innovation, including fiduciary duty, stakeholder participation in decision making, and equity ownership. This article contributes to the growing literature refuting shareholder primacy by utilizing the theories of the innovative enterprise and multi-stakeholder governance to propose reshaping US corporate governance to better to serve innovation in production and a balance of power in distributional decision making.

JEL classification: B50, D21, G30, G35, K22
Effects of Acetyl-DL-Leucine on Ataxia and Downbeat-Nystagmus in Six Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia
Authors: Brueggemann Adriana , Bicvic Antonela , Goeldlin Martina , Kalla Roger , Kerkeni Hassen , Mantokoudis Georgios , Abegg Mathias , Kolníková Miriam , Mohaupt Markus , Bremova-Ertl Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Background:

There is no authorized treatment for ataxia telangiectasia (AT). As cerebellar symptoms of storage diseases were improved by acetyl-DL-leucine (ADLL), the authors hypothesized a symptomatic and disease-modifying effect in AT upon supplementation with ADLL.

Methods:

Six patients were treated with ADLL 3 g/day for 1 week followed by 5g/day for 3 weeks to 1 year. Cerebellar ataxia was evaluated by validated scales. Gaze-holding, saccades and smooth pursuit were examined by video-oculography. Measurements took place at baseline, at 1 month of therapy in 5 patients, and after 6 and 12 months in 1 patient.

Results:

The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia changed from the baseline, mean, (SD, min-max) of 22.1 (5.88, 11-28.5) to 18 points (5.39, 8.5-23.5) after 1 month on medication ( P = .0028). All patients demonstrated gaze-holding deficits; 3 patients had central-position downbeat-nystagmus. Mean slow-phase velocity of this nystagmus with the gaze straight-ahead changed from 5.57°/s (1.8, 3.53-6.99) to 4.7°/s (0.79, 3.97-5.56) after 1 month on treatment (1.35, -2.56-4.17) ( P = .046).

Interpretation:

ADLL may improve ataxia and ocular stability in AT patients, while the molecular basis still remains to be elucidated. A multicentric, rater-blinded, phase II trial currently investigates the effects of acetyl-L-leucine in AT (NCT03759678).
A comparative study on effects of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of reed flour/polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Ghalehno Mohammad Dahmardeh , Kord Behzad , Adlnasab Laleh
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research was to comprehensively compare the effects of two different types of nanoclay, namely layered double hydroxide (LDH) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the physical, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of compression-molded composite panels fabricated from reed flour (RF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To achieve the desired properties in the composites, the clay nanoparticles were modified with surfactant (mLDH and mHNT) before usage. The results showed that the composite specimens with mLDH exhibited higher tensile and flexural properties (strength and moduli) than with mHNT at low content. Compared with the maximum flexural strength and tensile modulus of 21.56 MPa and 2186.16 MPa for the specimens made with mHNT, the highest flexural strength and tensile modulus were found in the specimens incorporated with mLDH (23.05 MPa and 2227.44 MPa). Moreover, at high content, the composite specimens with mHNT presented greater hydrophobicity. The comparative analysis exhibited that that the water uptake of the composites including mHNT (5.03%) was approximately 15% lower than that of the mLDH (5.73%) based composite. The DMTA results indicated that the composite specimens with mLDH demonstrated better molecular restriction and larger storage modulus than with mHNT. Besides, the loss-tangent (tan δ) peak was shifted to a higher temperature for the samples including both mLDH and mHNT than without ones. The specimens made with mLDH had the highest glass transition temperature values (70.67°C) compared with 70.12°C for the specimens treated with mHNT. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the polymer matrix. Overall, it is found that the addition of 3 phc mLDH clay was the most effective in the composite formulation; it has significantly enhanced the properties of the wood-plastic composites.
The Association of Psychological Well-Being With Sensory and Cognitive Function and Neuronal Health in Aging Adults
Authors: Merten Natascha , Pinto Aaron Alex , Paulsen Adam J. , Chen Yanjun , Dillard Lauren K. , Fischer Mary E. , Ryff Carol D. , Schubert Carla R. , Cruickshanks Karen J.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Psychological well-being (PWB) may be a potential modifiable risk factor of age-related diseases. We aimed to determine associations of PWB with sensorineural and cognitive function and neuronal health in middle-aged adults.

Methods

This study included 2039 Beaver Dam Offspring Study participants. We assessed PWB, hearing, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity impairment, olfactory impairment, cognition, and retinal (macular ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer, mGCIPL) thickness. Age-sex-education-adjusted multivariable linear, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation models were used and then further adjusted for health-related confounders.

Results

Individuals with higher PWB had better hearing functions, visual acuity, and thicker mGCIPL and reduced odds for hearing, contrast sensitivity and olfactory impairment in age-sex-education-adjusted models. Effects on mGCIPL and visual and olfactory measures decreased with adjustment. Higher PWB was associated with better cognition, better combined sensorineural-cognitive function, and decreased cognitive impairment.

Discussion

Psychological well-being was associated with sensorineural-cognitive health indicating a potential of PWB interventions for healthy aging.
Research on color coding of fighter jet head-up display key information elements in air–sea flight environment based on eye-tracking technology
Authors: Niu Yafeng , Zhou Tianyu , Bai Ling
Published: October 2021

HUD is currently the main flight status display commonly used in modern fighter jets. Color coding is an important method in HUD visual information display. Different weather, terrain, climate, time, season, and other environmental phenomena will affect the HUD. The HUD’s multi-color display mode has become a key method to solve the overload display of dynamic and static information in complex flight environments. This paper discusses the use of eye-tracking equipment to record eye movement experimental data using different HUD color schemes, as well as the correct rate and response time to complete the task, in order to evaluate the color combinations of different characters in different high-altitude and sea flight background conditions. Cognitive status was obtained by seven key eye movement indicators (average fixation time, first fixation duration, fixation ratio, fixation time ratio, fixation track length and lookback times, and pupil diameter) designed by color-coded dimensions to evaluate the key element information of the HUD: discernibility, which is related to average fixation time, duration of first fixation, and pupil diameter; perceptibility, which is related to gaze ratio, fixation time ratio, and other indicators; and accessibility, which is related to fixation track length and number of lookbacks. At the same time, the background color brightness interval that affects color matching was obtained, and five key information colors (K1(0, 100, 100), K2(30, 100, 100), K3(300, 100, 100), K4(330, 100, 100), and K5(60, 100, 100)) were selected for experimental exploration to obtain the best matching scheme for color coding of key elements of the HUD against different lightness backgrounds. The results indicate that against a flight background with ocean brightness, ranges are [1–20], [21–40], [41–60], and [61–99] and colors with hues of 30, 300, 60, and 300 are selected for the key information. Finally, the results give an improvement and optimization plan for the HUD. The research conclusion provides some guidance for HUD design and improvement for different flight backgrounds, and a reference for improving pilots' cognitive performance.
The centrality of ethical utterances within professional narratives
Authors: Neu Dean , Saxton Gregory D. , Everett Jeffery , Rahaman Abu
Published: October 2021

This study examines the centrality of ethics within editorials published in the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants’ professional journal, CA Magazine, over the 1912 to 2010 period. Starting from the twin assumptions that editorials speak about appropriate professional behavior using a variety of words such as ‘ethics,’ ‘conduct,’ and ‘codes,’ and that appropriate professional behavior is situational, we use topic modeling techniques to identify these dimensions of ethical discourse. We then use social network analysis methods to map the position and centrality of ethics within the editorials across time. The results show that enunciations about appropriate professional conduct are broader than simply enunciations using the word ‘ethics’. The results also highlight that ethical utterances become more central, not less central, over time.
Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire—Advanced Disease
Authors: Park Eliza M. , Wang Mian , Bowers Savannah M. , Muriel Anna C. , Rauch Paula K. , Edwards Teresa , Yi Samantha M. , Daniel Brittany , Hanson Laura C. , Song Mi-Kyung
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

When patients with advanced cancer have minor children (age < 18), their health-related quality of life is closely linked to their concerns about the impact of progressive illness and death on their children. The Parenting Concerns Questionnaire (PCQ), a validated measure for parents with cancer, does not capture the full range of concerns in advanced cancer. The aim of this was study was to adapt and establish psychometrics for the PCQ for advanced disease (PCQ-AD).

Methods:

After generating an initial item-bank, we conducted concept elicitation interviews with clinicians (n = 8) and cognitive interviews with patients (n = 23) for face validity. New items addressed concerns about impact of parental death, making every moment count, communication, and financial impact of cancer on children. We administered 21 candidate items to 151 parents with advanced cancer. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), calculated internal consistency, and assessed convergent and known-groups validity.

Results:

We removed 8 redundant items due to residual covariation between items. CFA of the 13-item PCQ-AD demonstrated satisfactory fit (CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.966, RMSEA = 0.081) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94, composite reliability = 0.95). The PCQ-AD demonstrated convergent validity and known-groups validity; patients with poor functional status reported higher scores than patients with better functional status (Cohen’s d = 0.56, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Adaptation of the PCQ yielded the addition of constructs important in advanced cancer. The PCQ-AD appears to be a reliable and valid measure of parenting concerns in advanced cancer, but future studies are needed to examine measure performance in diverse populations and responsiveness of the PCQ-AD to interventions.
Sleep-Promotion Bundle Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in Critically Ill Adults: Roles for Pharmacists
Authors: Louzon Patricia R. , Heavner Mojdeh S. , Herod Kyle , Wu Ting Ting , Devlin John W.
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To review evidence for intensive care unit (ICU) sleep improvement bundle use, identify preferred sleep bundle components and implementation strategies, and highlight the role for pharmacists in developing and evaluating bundle efforts.

Data Sources:

Multiple databases were searched from January 1, 1990, to September 1, 2021, using the MeSH terms sleep, intensive care or critical care, protocol or bundle to identify comparative studies evaluating ICU sleep bundle implementation.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Study screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias evaluation were conducted in tandem. The ICU quality improvement literature and Institute for Healthcare Improvement bundle improvement guidance were also reviewed to identify recommended strategies for successful sleep bundle use.

Data Synthesis:

Nine studies (3 randomized, 1 quasi-experimental, 5 before-and-after) were identified. Bundle elements varied and were primarily focused on nonpharmacological interventions designed to be performed during either the day or night; only 2 studies included a medication-based strategy. Five studies were associated with reduced delirium; 2 studies were associated with improved total sleep time and 2 with improved patient-perceived sleep. Pharmacists were involved directly in 4 studies.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Sleep improvement bundles are recommended for use in all critically ill adults; specific bundle elements and ICU team member roles should be individualized at the institution/ICU level. Pharmacists can help lead bundle development efforts and routinely deliver key elements.

Conclusions:

Pharmacists can play an important role in the development and implementation of ICU sleep bundles. Further research regarding the relative benefit of individual bundle elements on relevant patient outcomes is needed.
Insights into Enhancer RNAs: Biogenesis and Emerging Role in Brain Diseases
Authors: Shen Yuxin , Huang Zhengyi , Yang Ruiqing , Chen Yunlong , Wang Qiang , Gao Linbo
Published: October 2021

Enhancers are cis-acting elements that control the transcription of target genes and are transcribed into a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). eRNAs have shorter half-lives than mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs; however, the frequency of transcription of eRNAs is close to that of mRNAs. eRNA expression is associated with a high level of histone mark H3K27ac and a low level of H3K27me3. Although eRNAs only account for a small proportion of ncRNAs, their functions are important. eRNAs can not only increase enhancer activity by promoting the formation of enhancer-promoter loops but also regulate transcriptional activation. Increasing numbers of studies have found that eRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of brain diseases; however, further research into eRNAs is required. This review discusses the concept, characteristics, classification, function, and potential roles of eRNAs in brain diseases.
Health Insurance Coverage Among Veterans Receiving Care From VA Health Care Facilities
Authors: Stroupe Kevin T. , Martinez Rachael , Hogan Timothy P. , Gordon Elisa J. , Gonzalez Beverly , Tarlov Elizabeth , Silva Abigail , Huo Zhiping , Kale Ibuola , Ippolito Dolores , Osteen Chad , Jordan Neil , French Dustin D. , Gordon Howard , Fischer Michael J. , Smith Bridget M.
Published: October 2021

Reasons for acquiring insurance outside Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care coverage among VA enrollees are incompletely understood. To assess Veterans’ decision-making and acquisition of non-VA health care insurance in the Affordable Care Act era, we used mailed questionnaires and semistructured interviews in a stratified random sample of VA enrollees <65 years in the Midwest. Of the 3,666 survey participants, 32.1% reported non-VA insurance. Frequently reported reasons included wanting coverage for emergency situations or family members. Those without non-VA insurance cited unaffordability as the main obstacle. Analysis of the semistructured interview data revealed similar findings. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, characteristics associated with non-VA insurance included higher income (>$50,000 vs. <$10,000, odds ratio [OR] = 5.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.45–10.3, p < .001). As financial barriers exist for acquisition of non-VA insurance and hence community care, it is critically important that VA enrollees’ health care needs are met through VA or community providers financed through VA.
Examining the Dynamics Between Formal and Informal Institutions in Progressive City Planning
Authors: Restrepo-Mieth Andrea
Published: October 2021

What explains the institutionalization of progressive city planning practices? Using Medellín as a case study, I analyze how state and nonstate actors target both formal and informal institutions in efforts to maintain the continuity of progressive public space provision practices. I introduce the idea of institutional compounding, defined as the quest by networks of individuals and organizations to create and sustain both formal and informal institutions, where each maintains its particular defining features while together they provide continuity and legitimacy to an existing practice. I draw on in-depth, semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and document analysis to demonstrate that continuity efforts are more likely to have an effect when actors engage in institutional compounding, since the strategy minimizes the shortcomings of formal and informal institutions alone. The findings contribute toward conceptualizing how nascent institutions become effective, highlighting how actors strengthen practices and how they seek to embed them through networked efforts.
Human allergy to cats: A review of the impact on cat ownership and relinquishment
Authors: Sparkes Andrew H
Published: October 2021

Practical relevance:

Cats have become increasingly common as companion animals, and in many countries their popularity now exceeds that of dogs. At the same time, human allergies (including allergy to cats) have been increasing and it has been estimated that globally up to 10-20% of human adults are sensitised to cats.

Aim:

This review summarises the available published data on how human allergy to cats affects cat ownership and considers the implications of the findings on the wider human-cat bond and how adverse effects can be minimised.

Evidence base:

Online databases were searched for all original studies up to December 2020 that had quantified the impact of human allergy to cats on ownership or relinquishment. Objective quantifiable data appeared to fall into three broad outcomes - (1) choosing to avoid cat ownership; (2) relinquishment of owned cats; and (3) return of cats after acquisition from a rehoming centre. The data retrieved on these topics are the focus of this review. In some studies, data from cats and dogs were combined and these have also been included in the review.
Factors of Specialized Mental Health Care Use in the Netherlands: A Scoping Review Applying Andersen-Newman’s Care Utilization Model
Authors: Van der Draai Daphne Aimée , Van Duijn Erik , De Beurs Derek Paul , Bexkens Anika , Beekman Aartjan Theodoor Frans
Published: October 2021

As mental disorders impact quality of life and result in high costs for society, it is important patients receive timely and adequate care. This scoping review first aims to summarize which factors contribute to specialized mental health care (SMHC) use. Within the Dutch health care system, the general practitioner (GP) is the filter for SMHC and care use costs are relatively low. Second, to organize factors by Andersen and Newman’s care utilization model in illness level, predisposing, and enabling factors. Third, to assess equity of access to SMHC in the Netherlands. A health care system is equitable when illness level and the demographic predisposing factors age and gender account for most variation in care use and inequitable when enabling factors and social predisposing factors such as education predominate. We identified 13 cross-sectional and cohort studies in the Netherlands published between 1970 and September 2020 with 20 assessed factors. Illness level factors, disease severity, diagnosis, personality, and comorbidity contributed the most to SMHC use. Predisposing factors related to a more solitary lifestyle contributed to a lesser degree. Enabling factors income and urbanicity contributed the least to SMHC use. These results imply inequity. Factors that did not fit the care utilization model were GP related, for example the ability to recognize mental disorders. This emphasizes their importance in a system where patients are dependent on GPs for access to SMHC. Focus should be on improving recognition of mental disorders by GPs as well as collaboration with mental health care professionals.
The impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese tourism industry
Authors: Wang Can , Meng Xianming , Siriwardana Mahinda , Pham Tien
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world hard, costing more than three and half million lives. Governments around the globe are not in a consensus position on the most appropriate response to the pandemic. This study utilizes an economic model to assess choices and compare outcome of public health policies using China as a case study. A lax policy could have costed the country up to 97% of inbound tourism revenue; reduced real gross domestic product by 11% and decreased employment by 15%. Analysis shows that the appropriate prevention and control policy of the Chinese Government have mitigated the impact of COVID-19 significantly for both tourism and non-tourism sectors. Importantly, the article highlights that the substantial negative impact on investment in tourism will slow down the sector’s recovery. The article calls for strong tourism-focused response policies for a speedy recovery.
Gestures as scaffolding for L2 narrative recall: The role of gesture type, task complexity, and working memory
Authors: Lin Yen-Liang
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the extent to which different pedagogical gestures contribute to learners’ foreign or second language (L2) narrative recall, and further discussed how task complexity and task difficulty (i.e. working memory capacity or WMC) influence recall performance. Sixty-four adolescent learners, assigned to four different gesture viewing conditions (iconic gestures, deictic gestures, beat gestures, or no gesture), were required to listen to an instructor telling two stories (one complex and one simple) and then retell both stories twice: once immediately after listening (immediate recall) and a second time two weeks later (delayed recall). Recall performance was evaluated by the number of relevant pieces of event and motion information produced in the participants’ retelling. The results show that L2 learners who were exposed to deictic and iconic gesture conditions outperformed the other gesture groups, particularly in delayed narrative recall, but only in complex tasks where cognitive demands were increased. It was also found that event and motion information was retained for a longer period of time in the deictic and iconic conditions respectively. Although both high and low WMC groups benefitted from viewing gestures, this finding further indicates that the beneficial effect of gestures on learners could possibly compensate for low WMC by providing scaffolding that reduces cognitive burden in narrative recall.
A comparative study of CLIL implementation in upper secondary school in Sweden and students’ development of L2 English academic vocabulary
Authors: Olsson Eva
Published: October 2021

Although research on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has shown that CLIL instruction may enhance students’ second or foreign language learning compared to regular foreign language instruction, there are also studies that have indicated similar language development between CLIL and non-CLIL students. However, CLIL can be organized and implemented in many different ways and thus, it is necessary to identify the specific features of various CLIL contexts when comparing learning outcomes. In this study, CLIL implementation at three Swedish upper secondary schools was explored and compared. Further, students’ development of second language (L2) English productive academic vocabulary was compared over three years between CLIL groups at different schools as well as between CLIL and non-CLIL groups ( n = 230), using corpus-based methods. The results revealed significant differences in the progression of L2 academic vocabulary between CLIL groups that may be attributed to substantial differences in CLIL implementation, e.g. with regard to the time allotted for CLIL, teacher availability and the balance between first language (L1) and L2. At the school where the CLIL group’s L2 productive academic vocabulary progressed more than in other groups, both Swedish and English were languages of instruction, increasing the proportion of English over the three years; in the third year, English dominated as the language of instruction. The results indicated similar development of L2 academic vocabulary between CLIL and non-CLIL groups when CLIL implementation was very limited in scale and scope. Further, the results showed that apart from vocabulary, CLIL teachers of non-language subjects generally paid very little attention to other aspects of language.