bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um homem negro de capuz: modos de enunciar a subjetividade negra na série Luke Cage
Authors: Miranda Danielle
Published: January 2020

Percebendo as ausências que encontramos nas imagens audiovisuais das séries televisivas quando se tratam de subjetividades negras e acreditando na importância da emergência de novos conteúdos que avancem nesse sentido, o objetivo desse texto é discutir os modos de visibilidade negra que estão sendo constituídos na série web televisiva Luke Cage, produzida pela parceria Marvel/Netflix. Interessa refletir sobre a atualização do super-herói negro Luke Cage em relação à sua origem nas histórias em quadrinhos dos anos 70. A análise permite reconhecer um herói que não usa máscaras ou capas, mas, sim, um signo político que marca os processos de estigmatização da população negra masculina: o uso do capuz ressignificado como marcador da desumanização realizada pelos sistemas de opressão que condicionam certos grupos humanos a espaços limitados. Identificamos uma produção audiovisual em que a personagem protagonista é um homem negro, super-herói que constitui-se a partir de um contexto político e de tensões policiais com a população negra e suburbana dos Estados Unidos, e que celebra em seu enredo ícones da cultura negra. Defendemos, nesse sentido, a importância da atualização do que é dizível, pensável, sobre as subjetividades masculinas negras nas produções culturais, com maior abertura de visibilidades não estigmatizadas para a população negra.
A liberdade é uma luta constante, de Angela Davis
Authors: Schneider Silvia Danielle
Published: January 2020

“A Liberdade é uma luta constante” é constituída por 10 capítulos, divididos entre entrevistas e discursos feitos por Davis, ao longo dos anos de 2013 a 2015. A autora discorreu sobre o racismo, sexismo, feminismo, violências, desvelando as estruturas sociais que atuam na manutenção destas categorias. A resenha apresenta e problematiza diversas questões abordadas por Davis, traçando paralelos com a atual conjuntura do Brasil.

 
Miradas múltiplas ao aborto legal no Uruguai contemporâneo
Authors: Carneiro Rosamaria Giatti
Published: January 2020

Este artigo se dispõe a refletir sobre o aborto legal no Uruguai, partindo de seu processo histórico e de sua prática contemporânea, recuperados e tecidos por múltiplos olhares. Olhares aqui a serem explorados e postos em relação, com o objetivo de se complexificar um fenômeno social para além das leis. Dessa maneira, o artigo contempla as perspectivas de feministas, divergentes entre si a depender da geração e foco de atenção, e de profissionais de saúde envolvidos com o reconhecimento do aborto legal no país. Por ser essa sua leitura, figura com uma importante leitura de umas das leis mais avançadas sobre aborto na América Latina, que acontece, entretanto, a partir de sua vida social e das bocas dos que acompanham esses processos em sua materialidade. Para tanto, recorre a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico empreendida em Montevideo durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2019. 
A dominância de membros interfere no equilíbrio de força muscular do joelho de corredores recreacionais?
Authors: Neves Murilo Pires , Conceição Cristiano Sena da , Gomes Neto Mansueto
Published: January 2020

Introdução: cerca de 5% da população brasileira pratica corrida de rua, e a falta de preparo físico das pessoas para esse esporte contribui para o aumento no índice de lesões, sendo o joelho uma das articulações mais acometidas. Sabendo que os parâmetros musculares interferem diretamente no desempenho e que a destreza de membros pode suscitar inferências relativas ao aumento de força no membro dominante, torna-se importante avaliar a força e a relação de equilíbrio muscular do joelho destes atletas tanto no membro dominante quanto no contralateral. Objetivo: verificar o equilíbrio muscular dos extensores e flexores de joelho dominante e não dominante em corredores recreacionais. Metodologia: foram incluídos 111 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 65 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de corrida há pelo menos 4 meses contínuos, sem histórico de lesão nos últimos 3 meses. Os participantes foram entrevistados e encaminhados para a coleta da força muscular isocinética dos grupos extensor e flexor do joelho com protocolo de 60°/s, 180°/s e 300°/s. As variáveis de interesse estudadas foram: membro dominante, tempo de prática de corrida, torque máximo, trabalho total e potência.  Foram calculados os Índices de Deficiência Muscular (IDM) sendo admitido como referencial de equilíbrio até 10% na diferença entre os membros. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia, sob parecer de nº 2.621.166. Resultados: o IDM indicou que 54,1% dos extensores de joelho estavam equilibrados e que 55,9% dos flexores de joelho encontravam-se numa relação de desequilíbrio muscular. Conclusão: a dominância de membros não é um fator ligado ao desequilíbrio de forças no membro inferior. Este achado de desequilíbrio de força entre joelhos pode estar ligado à predisposição de lesão e deve orientar as equipes multiprofissionais de saúde a definir um trabalho preventivo de treinamento muscular e esportivo.
Impacto do tempo de hospitalização na mobilidade e na qualidade de vida de idosos
Authors: Miranda Gilsie Bezerra Siebra , Borges Natália Gaspar Santana , Ribeiro Nildo Manoel Da Silva
Published: January 2020

O internamento hospitalar pode ser um período de risco para a população idosa, pois, devido às consequências do envelhecimento associadas a comorbidades e repouso prolongado no leito, o idoso fica mais susceptível a complicações secundárias à causa da hospitalização, como diminuição da mobilidade, com possível comprometimento motor, possivelmente associado a uma redução da autonomia e da qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Objetivo – Avaliar o impacto do tempo de internamento hospitalar na mobilidade e na qualidade de vida do idoso. Métodos – Participaram do estudo 17 idosos, com média de idade de 69,8 anos (± 7,3), de ambos os sexos, internados no Hospital Santo Antônio. Foram avaliadas a mobilidade, por meio do teste Time Up and Go (TUG), e a qualidade de vida (QV) pela escala WHOQOL-OLD, no início do internamento, após 7 dias, 10 dias, 15 dias e 30 dias. Resultados – Os resultados mostraram impacto do internamento na mobilidade do idoso após o décimo quinto dia (p=0.003) da hospitalização. Quanto à QV do idoso, houve diferenças significativas nos domínios da autonomia (p<0,001), do funcionamento sensorial (p=0.018), da participação social (p<0.001), do temor à morte (p<0.001) e da intimidade dos pacientes (p=0.037), após quinze dias da hospitalização. Conclusão – O tempo de internamento hospitalar parece influenciar a mobilidade, a qualidade de vida do idoso, com impacto significativo após quinze dias de internamento
Effects of wakeful resting versus social media usage after learning on the retention of new memories
Authors: Martini Markus , Heinz Alexander , Hinterholzer Johanna , Martini Caroline , Sachse Pierre
Published: January 2020

Communication and information sharing via social media platforms is a common and popular activity. The majority of existing studies indicate that social media usage has detrimental effects on learning and memory. However, it is an open question as to whether social media usage affects memory even after learning. To test this, healthy young adults learned and immediately recalled a vocabulary list. Subsequent to recall, participants either wakefully rested for 8 min or used social media for 8 min. A delayed recall test took place after the wakeful resting condition and the social media condition and again after 1 day. Our results showed that social media usage, compared with wakeful resting, had detrimental effects on memory performance over both retention intervals. We assume that social media usage interfered with memory consolidation of learned vocabularies and suggest that learners opt for wakeful resting over social media usage as a learning‐break activity.
System Integration for Plastic Electronics Using Room‐Temperature Ultrasonic Welding
Authors: Dou Guangbin , Holmes Andrew S.
Published: January 2020

Plastic electronics is attracting increasing attention for both high‐end applications such as flexible organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays in mobile phones and low‐cost items such as plastic radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for product labeling and tracking. However, there are numerous technological challenges, not least of which is to develop robust and reliable packaging methods. Unfortunately, most of the established packaging technologies used in conventional silicon electronics are not transferable to plastic electronics due to the high process temperatures involved. The use of room‐temperature ultrasonic welding for the realization of multilayer plastic electronic circuits is explored, identifying two distinct modes of ultrasonic welding that can form combined electrical and mechanical connections between adjacent low‐temperature polymer films with either aluminum or printed silver metallization. Fully functional multilayer wireless charging coils and RFID tags are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of this new system integration approach.
Rational Design of Spinel Cobalt Vanadate Oxide Co2VO4 for Superior Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mu Chuan , Mao Jing , Guo Jiaxin , Guo Qianjin , Li Zhiqing , Qin Wenjing , Hu Zhenpeng , Davey Kenneth , Ling Tao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical energy devices, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries, convert chemical energy directly into electricity without adverse environmental impact. Attractive alternatives to expensive noble metals used in these renewable energy technologies are earth‐abundant transition metal oxides. However, they are often limited by catalytic and conductive capabilities. Here reported is a spinel oxide, Co2VO4, by marrying metallic vanadium atomic chains with electroactive cobalt cations for superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)—a key process for fuel cells, metal–air batteries, etc. The experimental and simulated electron energy‐loss spectroscopy analyses reveal that Co2+ cations at the octahedral sites take the low spin state with one eg electron , favoring advantageous ORR energetics. Measurement of actual electrical conductivity confirms that Co2VO4 has several orders of magnitude increase when compared with benchmark cobalt oxides. As a result, a zinc–air battery with new spinel cobalt vanadate oxide as the ORR catalyst shows excellent performance, together with a record‐high discharge peak power density of 380 mW cm−2. Crucially, this is superior to state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C‐based device and is greatest among zinc–air batteries assembled with metal, metal oxide, and carbon catalysts. The findings present a new design strategy for highly active and conductive oxide materials for a wide range of electrocatalytic applications, including ORR, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions.
Optical Vacuum Sensor Based on Lanthanide Upconversion—Luminescence Thermometry as a Tool for Ultralow Pressure Sensing
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemysław , Lis Stefan , Lavín Víctor , Martín Inocencio R.
Published: January 2020

Currently the lowest optically determinable pressure values are around 102 bar, making the pressure below inaccessible for optical detection. This work shows for the first time how to overcome these limitations, and optically monitor the low pressure values in a vacuum region (from ≈10−5 to 10−2 bar), utilizing the light‐induced and pressure‐governed heating–cooling of the material. Herein, the well‐defined temperature dependency of the luminescence intensity ratio of the Er3+ thermally‐coupled levels (TCLs), is used to monitor the elevation of local temperature of the upconverting material (YVO4:Yb3+‐Er3+), induced by a NIR laser irradiation. The unprecedented enhancement (≈20 times) of the laser‐induced heating of the sample observed under vacuum conditions, is used to convert the luminescent thermometer into the remote vacuum sensor. The variations of pressure in the system are correlated with changes of the band intensity ratio (525/550 nm) of Er3+ TCLs, which are further applied for the remote, contactless vacuum sensing.
Recycled Utilization of a Nanoporous Au Electrode for Reduced Fabrication Cost of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Fengjiu , Liu Jinzhe , Lu Zheng , Dai Pengfei , Nakamura Tomoya , Wang Shenghao , Chen Luyang , Wakamiya Atsushi , Matsuda Kazunari
Published: January 2020

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using metal electrodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic devices because of their high efficiency, low fabrication temperature, and low cost potential. However, the complicated and rigorous thermal deposition process of metal contact electrodes remains a challenging issue for reducing the energy pay‐back period in commercial PSCs, as the ubiquitous one‐time use of a contact electrode wastes limited resources and pollutes the environment. Here, a nanoporous Au film electrode fabricated by a simple dry transfer process is introduced to replace the thermally evaporated Au electrode in PSCs. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% is demonstrated in PSCs with the nanoporous Au film electrode. Moreover, the electrode is recycled more than 12 times to realize a further reduced fabrication cost of PSCs and noble metal materials consumption and to prevent environmental pollution. When the nanoporous Au electrode is applied to flexible PSCs, a PCE of 17.3% and superior bending durability of ≈98.5% after 1000 cycles of harsh bending tests are achieved. The nanoscale pores and the capability of the porous structure to impede crack generation and propagation enable the nanoporous Au electrode to be recycled and result in excellent bending durability.
Reconfigurable Magnetoresistive Sensor Based on Magnetoelectric Coupling
Authors: Su Wei , Wang Zhiguang , Chen Yicheng , Zhao Xinger , Hu Chaojie , Wen Tao , Hu Zhongqiang , Wu Jingen , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming
Published: January 2020

Measurement of magnetic signal from an arbitrary direction is of vital importance for applications in magnetic navigation, space science, indoor positioning, and magnetic gesture recognition. However, magnetoresistive sensors, as vector magnetometers, are only suitable for detection of magnetic signals along the magnetic hard axis. Magnetoelectric coupling is introduced to control the magnetic anisotropy of a magnetoresistive pattern, realizing a 90° rotation of the magnetic hard axis and thus the sensing direction of the tunable sensor. The sensitivity along the initial magnetic easy axis can be enhanced 12.7‐fold while that along the initial hard axis can be depressed to be only 4.7% of the original value through magnetic anisotropy engineering. The tailorable directional sensitivity of the electric‐field reconfigurable sensor speaks to the strong potential of this system for practical applications requiring testing of localized magnetic fields, for example, magnetic diagnosis or biomagnetic characterization.
Construction of Defect‐Rich RhCu Nanotubes with Highly Active Rh3Cu1 Alloy Phase for Overall Water Splitting in All pH Values
Authors: Cao Dong , Xu Haoxiang , Cheng Daojian
Published: January 2020

The combination of precious metals with non‐noble metals is an effective way to develop highly efficient, stable, and low cost electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Herein, RhCu nanotubes (NTs) with rich structural defects are successfully synthesized by a mixed‐solvent strategy, which display superior activity and excellent stability for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction in all pH values. In particular, it only needs 8, 12, and 57 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER in alkaline, acidic, and neutral conditions, respectively. Experiments combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the exposure of a suitable composition of a highly active Rh3Cu1 alloy phase through acid etching is the key to improve electrocatalytic performance, since it weakens the adsorption free energy of atomic oxygen and hydrogen, as well as facilitating the dissociation of water molecules. In addition, the structural defects can also boost the catalytic performance because the adsorption of reactants can be largely enhanced. The results provide a simple method to prepare alloy NTs as highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in all pH values.
Hole Transport Materials in Conventional Structural (n–i–p) Perovskite Solar Cells: From Past to the Future
Authors: Kim Guan‐Woo , Choi Hyuntae , Kim Minjun , Lee Junwoo , Son Sung Yun , Park Taiho
Published: January 2020

With the application of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites to liquid‐type solar cells, the unprecedented development of perovskite solar cells (Per‐SCs) has been boosted by the introduction of solid‐state hole transport materials (HTMs). The removal of liquid electrolyte has lead to improved efficiency and stability. Supported by high‐quality perovskite films, the certified efficiency of Per‐SCs has reached 25.2%. For Per‐SCs assembled in a conventional structure (n–i–p), the hole transport layer (HTL) plays an extra role in preventing the perovskite layer from external stimuli. In summary, the successful design and fabrication of the HTL must meet various requirements in terms of solubility, hole transport, recombination prevention, stability, and reproducibility, to name but a few. Many research strategies are focused on the development of high‐performance HTMs to meet such requirements. Such strategies for the development of HTMs employed in conventional n–i–p solar cells are reviewed herein. A vision of the future HTMs is proposed in this review based on the already proposed solutions and current trends.
High Permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 Particle‐Induced Internal Polarization Amplification for High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Kim Jihye , Ryu Hanjun , Lee Jeong Hwan , Khan Usman , Kwak Sung Soo , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: January 2020

Here, a composite material based on the butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF) and high permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) particles as a triboelectric dielectric material for stable high output triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is proposed. CCTO particles, which have the high permittivity of 7500, can potentially result in the formation of strong internal polarization into the dielectric material under the electric field from triboelectric charges. As a consequence, the charge induction on the bottom electrode is enhanced thereby increasing the triboelectric output performance. A rotation‐type freestanding mode TENG based on BMF–CCTO 1 wt% composite material demonstrates high performance power output of a root‐mean‐square voltage and current density with 268 V and 25.8 mA m−2, respectively. The strategy of incorporating the high permittivity CCTO particles can be universally applied to any triboelectric polymer matrix in order to enhance the output performance of TENGs.
Ecofriendly Chemical Activation of Overlithiated Layered Oxides by DNA‐Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Ju‐Myung , Park Jae‐Ho , Jo Eunmi , Kim Hyung‐Seok , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Chang Wonyoung , Chung Kyung Yoon , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: January 2020

Despite their exceptionally high capacity, overlithiated layered oxides (OLO) have not yet been practically used in lithium‐ion battery cathodes due to necessary toxic/complex chemical activation processes and unsatisfactory electrochemical reliability. Here, a new class of ecofriendly chemical activation strategy based on amphiphilic deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)‐wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is demonstrated. Hydrophobic aromatic bases of DNA have a good affinity for MWCNT via noncovalent π–π stacking interactions, resulting in core (MWCNT)‐shell (DNA) hybrids (i.e., DNA@MWCNT) featuring the predominant presence of hydrophilic phosphate groups (coupled with Na+) in their outmost layers. Such spatially rearranged Na+–phosphate complexes of the DNA@MWCNT efficiently extract Li+ from monoclinic Li2MnO3 of the OLO through cation exchange reaction of Na+–Li+, thereby forming Li4Mn5O12‐type spinel nanolayers on the OLO surface. The newly formed spinel nanolayers play a crucial role in improving the structural stability of the OLO and suppressing interfacial side reactions with liquid electrolytes, eventually providing significant improvements in the charge/discharge kinetics, cyclability, and thermal stability. This beneficial effect of the DNA@MWCNT‐mediated chemical activation is comprehensively elucidated by an in‐depth structural/electrochemical characterization.
Tribovoltaic Effect on Metal–Semiconductor Interface for Direct‐Current Low‐Impedance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Jiang Dongdong , Zhao Junqing , Liu Guoxu , Bu Tianzhao , Zhang Chi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2020

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy technology that is enabled by coupled contact electrification and electrostatic induction. The conventional TENGs are usually based on organic polymer insulator materials, which have the limitations and disadvantages of high impedance and alternating output current. Here, a tribovoltaic effect based metal–semiconductor direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator (MSDC‐TENG) is reported. The tribovoltaic effect is facilitated by direct voltage and current by rubbing a metal/semiconductor on another semiconductor. The frictional energy released by the forming atomic bonds excites nonequilibrium carriers, which are directionally separated to form a current under the built‐in electric field. The continuous average open‐circuit voltage (10–20 mV), short‐circuit direct‐current output (10–20 µA), and low impedance characteristic (0.55–5 kΩ) of the MSDC‐TENG can be observed during relative sliding of the metal and silicon. The working parameters are systematically studied for electric output and impedance characteristics. The results reveal that faster velocity, larger pressure, and smaller area can improve the maximum power density. The internal resistance is mainly determined by the velocity and the electrical resistance of semiconductor. This work not only expands the material candidates of TENGs from organic polymers to semiconductors, but also demonstrates a tribovoltaic effect based electric energy conversion mechanism.
Heavy Alkali Treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2Solar Cells: Surface versus Bulk Effects
Authors: Siebentritt Susanne , Avancini Enrico , Bär Marcus , Bombsch Jakob , Bourgeois Emilie , Buecheler Stephan , Carron Romain , Castro Celia , Duguay Sebastien , Félix Roberto , Handick Evelyn , Hariskos Dimitrios , Havu Ville , Jackson Philip , Komsa Hannu‐Pekka , Kunze Thomas , Malitckaya Maria , Menozzi Roberto , Nesladek Milos , Nicoara Nicoleta , Puska Martti , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Pareige Philippe , Sadewasser Sascha , Sozzi Giovanna , Tiwari Ayodhya Nath , Ueda Shigenori , Vilalta‐Clemente Arantxa , Weiss Thomas Paul , Werner Florian , Wilks Regan G. , Witte Wolfram , Wolter Max Hilaire
Published: January 2020

Chalcopyrite solar cells achieve efficiencies above 23%. The latest improvements are due to post‐deposition treatments (PDT) with heavy alkalis. This study provides a comprehensive description of the effect of PDT on the chemical and electronic structure of surface and bulk of Cu(In,Ga)Se2. Chemical changes at the surface appear similar, independent of absorber or alkali. However, the effect on the surface electronic structure differs with absorber or type of treatment, although the improvement of the solar cell efficiency is the same. Thus, changes at the surface cannot be the only effect of the PDT treatment. The main effect of PDT with heavy alkalis concerns bulk recombination. The reduction in bulk recombination goes along with a reduced density of electronic tail states. Improvements in open‐circuit voltage appear together with reduced band bending at grain boundaries. Heavy alkalis accumulate at grain boundaries and are not detected in the grains. This behavior is understood by the energetics of the formation of single‐phase Cu‐alkali compounds. Thus, the efficiency improvement with heavy alkali PDT can be attributed to reduced band bending at grain boundaries, which reduces tail states and nonradiative recombination and is caused by accumulation of heavy alkalis at grain boundaries.
Left–right patterning in congenital heart disease beyond heterotaxy
Authors: Gabriel George C. , Lo Cecilia W.
Published: January 2020

Congenital heart defect is one of the most common structural birth defects in the human population. It is highly associated with heterotaxy, a birth defect involving randomized left–right patterning of visceral organ situs. Large scale mouse forward genetics have led to the finding of a central role for cilia in CHD pathogenesis, with some cilia and non‐cilia mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy. Interestingly, many of the mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy can give rise to three laterality outcomes comprising normal situs solitus, mirror symmetric situs inversus totalis, or randomized situs with heterotaxy. Given CHD is largely observed only with heterotaxy, this suggests a new paradigm is needed for investigating the genetics of CHD associated with heterotaxy. Furthermore, analysis of data from multiple large birth cohorts have independently confirmed a broader involvement of laterality disturbance in CHD. This was demonstrated by the common cooccurrence of rare laterality defects with CHD lesions of a wide spectrum. These findings suggest left–right patterning is tightly intertwined with the developmental processes that regulate cardiac morphogenesis and its disturbance may contribute to all types of CHD even in the absence of laterality defects.
Hematological reference values and animal welfare parameters of BALB/C‐FMABC (Mus musculus) inoculated with Ehrlich tumor kept in the vivarium at ABC Medical School
Authors: Pessini Patrick Gabriel dos Santos , Knox de Souza Paula Regina , Chagas Camila dos Santos , Sampaio Emily Garcia , Neves Daniel Santos , Petri Giuliana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , da Silva Emerson Barbosa
Published: January 2020

Background

Biochemical and hematological parameters are important tools for assessing the physiological profile of vital organs, and can be recorded to create reference values used for clinical diagnosis of diseases. Many research laboratories lack the means to establish their own set of reference parameters for use in their research, and while there are articles in the literature that discuss laboratory parameters for healthy BALB/c mice, few studies address the evaluation of these parameters in pathological situations, such as in mice inoculated with Ehrlich tumor.

Method

BALB/c‐FMABC mice previously inoculated with Ehrlich tumor were maintained under appropriate conditions. Blood samples were taken for analysis of hematological parameters using automated and semi‐automated equipment to create a set of the animal welfare parameters for evaluation.

Result

Results were obtained for all the hematological parameters for all groups analyzed. These showed: statistically significant differences between the initial and final tumor weight; comparable initial tumour volume and weight; an increase in leukocytes in the 7‐day group with a characteristic predominance of lymphocytes and neutrophils; statistically significant changes in RDW in the 21‐day group and in the welfare parameters in the 28‐day group.

Conclusion

The study successfully defined and established reference values for hematological and welfare parameters for all groups analyzed.
Controlling Gas Selectivity in Molecular Porous Liquids by Tuning the Cage Window Size
Authors: Egleston Benjamin D. , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Brand Michael C. , Clowes Rob , Briggs Michael E. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: January 2020

Control of pore window size is the standard approach for tuning gas selectivity in porous solids. Here, we present the first example where this is translated into a molecular porous liquid formed from organic cage molecules. Reduction of the cage window size by chemical synthesis switches the selectivity from Xe‐selective to CH4‐selective, which is understood using 129Xe, 1H, and pulsed‐field gradient NMR spectroscopy.
Das humane Wirtsabwehrpeptid Cathelicidin LL‐37 ist ein nanomolarer Inhibitor der amyloiden Selbstassoziation von Inselamyloid‐Polypeptid (IAPP)
Authors: Armiento Valentina , Hille Kathleen , Naltsas Denise , Lin Jennifer S. , Barron Annelise E. , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: January 2020

Die amyloide Selbstassemblierung des Inselamyloid‐Polypeptids (IAPP) ist mit pankreatischer Entzündung, β‐Zelldegeneration und der Pathogenese von Typ‐2‐Diabetes (T2D) verknüpft. Die multifunktionalen Wirtsabwehrpeptide (HDPs) mit dem Namen Cathelicidine spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Entzündungsprozessen. In diesem Bericht zeigen wir, dass das antimikrobielle und immunmodulatorische humane Polypeptid Cathelicidin LL‐37 mit nanomolarer Affinität an IAPP bindet und seine amyloide Selbstassemblierung und den hiermit assoziierten pankreatischen β‐Zellschaden in vitro unterdrückt. Weiterhin identifizieren wir LL‐37‐Schlüsselsegmente, die seine Wechselwirkung mit IAPP vermitteln. Unsere Ergebnisse weisen auf eine mögliche protektive Rolle von LL‐37 in der T2D‐Pathogenese hin und eröffnen eine molekulare Basis für das Design von LL‐37‐abgeleiteten Peptiden, die antimikrobielle, immunmodulatorische und T2D‐assoziierte Anti‐Amyloid‐Funktionen als vielversprechende Kandidaten für multifunktionale Medikamente haben könnten.
Analyse des aktiven Deformylierungsmechanismus von 5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin in Stammzellen
Authors: Schön Alexander , Kaminska Ewelina , Schelter Florian , Ponkkonen Eveliina , Korytiaková Eva , Schiffers Sarah , Carell Thomas
Published: January 2020

5‐Methyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (mdC) wird als fünfte Base des genetischen Systems betrachtet, dessen Anwesenheit zur Unterdrückung der Expression korrespondierender Gene beiträgt. Die Entfernung der Modifikation und Reaktivierung der unterdrückten Gene ist durch einen noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärten aktiven Demethylierungsmechanismus möglich. Dieser setzt die Oxidationsreaktionen von mdC zum 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (hmdC) und weiter zum 5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (fdC) und 5‐Carboxy‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (cadC) voraus, die durch α‐Ketoglutarat‐abhängige Tet‐Oxygenasen katalysiert werden. Die Entfernung von mdC geschieht auf den Oxidationsstufen des fdC und cadC. Neben dem Eingreifen bestimmter Glykosylasen (TDG) beschreibt ein zweiter Weg eine C‐C‐Bindungsspaltung, die fdC direkt in dC umwandelt. Während der TDG‐induzierte Reparaturmechanismus gut charakterisiert ist, existieren zum Mechanismus durch C‐C‐Bindungsbruch noch sehr wenige Informationen. Hier führen wir ein neuartiges 6‐Aza‐5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin‐Testmolekül (a‐fdC) ein, das verschiedenen somatischen Zelllinien und induzierten mESCs zusammen mit einem 2′‐fluorierten fdC‐Analogon (F‐fdC) gefüttert wurde. Während die Deformylierung von F‐fdC in vivo eindeutig beobachtet werden konnte, wurde sie für a‐fdC hingegen nicht beobachtet, was vermuten lässt, dass die Deformylierung über C‐C‐Bindungsbruch nach vorhergehender nukleophiler Aktivierung erfolgt.
Analysis of an Active Deformylation Mechanism of 5‐Formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) in Stem Cells
Authors: Schön Alexander , Kaminska Ewelina , Schelter Florian , Ponkkonen Eveliina , Korytiaková Eva , Schiffers Sarah , Carell Thomas
Published: January 2020

The removal of 5‐methyl‐deoxycytidine (mdC) from promoter elements is associated with reactivation of the silenced corresponding genes. It takes place through an active demethylation process involving the oxidation of mdC to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐deoxycytidine (hmdC) and further on to 5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) and 5‐carboxy‐deoxycytidine (cadC) with the help of α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent Tet oxygenases. The next step can occur through the action of a glycosylase (TDG), which cleaves fdC out of the genome for replacement by dC. A second pathway is proposed to involve C−C bond cleavage that converts fdC directly into dC. A 6‐aza‐5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (a‐fdC) probe molecule was synthesized and fed to various somatic cell lines and induced mouse embryonic stem cells, together with a 2′‐fluorinated fdC analogue (F‐fdC). While deformylation of F‐fdC was clearly observed in vivo, it did not occur with a‐fdC, thus suggesting that the C−C bond‐cleaving deformylation is initiated by nucleophilic activation.
Carbon‐Based Material‐Supported Palladium Nanocatalysts in Coupling Reactions: Discussion on their Stability and Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhao Ming , Wu Yaxing , Cao Jing‐Pei
Published: January 2020

Scientific interest in carbon‐based materials (CBMs) has grown dramatically over the past few decades. Due to a variety of atomic orbital hybrid forms (sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridization), carbon can form a variety of materials with diverse structures and characteristics. CBMs used as efficient catalyst supports show extensive promise in organic reactions, which is attributed to their structural similarity with organics, large specific surface area, chemical stability, and photocatalytic properties. This review presents the synthesis of CBM‐supported palladium nanocatalysts based on impregnation, template methods, etc. The CBMs include activated carbon (AC), graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their functionalized products, as supports for improving the activity and recyclability of simple Pd nanocatalysts. After surveying the literature where these catalysts have been utilized for carbon–carbon coupling reactions, there is a particular emphasis on Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions. The catalytic mechanism of these Pd nanocatalysts (surface heterogeneous catalysis or homogeneous catalysis caused by Pd leaching) is discussed in detail, especially the effect of Pd leaching on the stability of the catalyst.
Thermal stability, low gap energy and high Temperature order–disorder Phase Transition in Hybrid Material: [N (CH3)4]2PdCl4
Authors: Dakhlaoui I. , Karoui K. , Jomni F.
Published: January 2020

The crystal compound [N (CH3)4]2PdCl4 was crystallized in the orthogonal system and the space group is P4/mmm and the refined unit cell parameters are a = b = 8.831 Å, c = 11.415 Å. The structure, vibrational spectra and optical properties have been investigated. DSC studies indicate the presence of two phase transitions at higher temperature which confirm the thermal stability of the palladium‐based compound. These transitions have been studied by Raman scattering on single crystals as a function of temperature which confirmed their nature. The assignment of the observed bands is discussed based in the theoretical calculated frequencies by the density functional theory (DFT) method using B3LYP/LanL2DZ basis in the GAUSSIAN‐09 package of programs. The optical properties in the UV–visible region have been deduced and the energy gap has been determined which is equal to 3.11 eV.
Family Influences on Patients’ Decisions to Undergo Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sloan Kelsey S. , Roberson Donna W. , Neil Janice A.
Published: January 2020

Bariatric surgery is the treatment of choice for many obese patients. Although bariatric surgery has recognized benefits, some patients wait several years before deciding to proceed and many patients rely on family member advice and support during the decision‐making process. Using a secondary qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews, we examined family member influences on the patient's decision to undergo bariatric surgery. We identified four main themes: role modeling, quality of life with children, family and marital factors, and acquaintances' success with bariatric surgery. Participants indicated that being active with children and demonstrating healthier lifestyles was important, and that adult family members’ perceptions of the surgery affect the decision. Because family member influences are evident in the decision‐making process, perioperative nurses should be aware of the family's influence and include family members and significant others in the patient's decision‐making process for bariatric surgery.
Preparation and performance of epoxy resin permeable bricks for sponge city construction
Authors: Zhao Bowu , Du Yaobang , Ren Luyao , Wang Jianyou
Published: January 2020

As one of the main components in the construction of a sponge city, permeable materials have attracted great attentions. In this study, a series of epoxy resin water‐permeable bricks were prepared by using scrubbed and the roasted sand with different particle sizes at ambient temperature. Considering the balance between mechanical properties and water permeability, the optimal vibration time during preparation was determined. Many tests were carried out for various samples. The results indicated that there were great differences in the mechanical properties between the two types of sands. However, the water permeability rate and water filtration efficiency showed opposite tendencies for the changes in sand particle size. The value of the water‐retention rate and the anti‐slide property were 0.25 g/cm3 and BPN (78 ± 2), respectively, which satisfied the relevant industrial standard. The adhesive coating thickness on the sand surface in the permeable material was estimated by TGA test.
Properties of maleic anhydride‐modified lignin nanoparticles/polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate composites
Authors: Yang Xuping , Zhong Shengyuan
Published: January 2020

Various fillers have been introduced into poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) to produce biodegradable plastics with enhanced performance. Recently, lignin nanoparticles have attracted much attention as fillers because they exhibit good compatibility with plastics and a mechanical enhancement effect. In this study, maleic anhydride‐modified ligninsulfonate nanoparticles (MLSs) were prepared and incorporated into PBAT by melt blending. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that MLSs were well dispersed in PBAT at a 10% incorporation ratio. Mechanical measurement results indicated that the incorporation of MLSs in PBAT simultaneously enhanced the tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus. Dynamic rheological measurement indicated that the viscosity and modulus decreased with the incorporation of MLSs, revealing relatively low compatibility between MLSs and PBAT in a melting state.
Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands
Authors: Vilar Ciro C. , Magris Rafael A. , Loyola Rafael , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe
Published: January 2020

Most of the world's nations adopted the 20 Aichi global biodiversity targets to be met by 2020, including the protection of at least 10% of their coastal and marine areas (Target 11) and the avoidance of extinction of threatened species (Target 12). However, reconciling these biodiversity targets with socio‐economic demands remains a great dilemma for implementing conservation policies.

In this paper, Aichi Targets 11 and 12 were simultaneously addressed using Brazil's exclusive economic zone as an example. Priority areas for expanding the current system of marine protected areas within the country's eight marine ecoregions were identified with data on threatened vertebrates under different scenarios. Additionally, the potential effects of major socio‐economic activities (small‑ and large‐scale fishing, seabed mining, and oil and gas exploration) on the representation of conservation features in proposed marine protected areas were explored.

Areas selected for expanding marine protected areas solely based on biodiversity data were different (spatial overlap from 62% to 93%) from areas prioritized when socio‐economic features were incorporated into the analysis. The addition of socio‐economic data in the prioritization process substantially decreased opportunity costs and potential conservation conflicts, at the cost of reducing significantly (up to 31%) the coverage of conservation features. Large‑ and small‐scale fisheries act in most of the exclusive economic zone and are the major constraints for protecting high‐priority areas.

Nevertheless, there is some spatial mismatch between areas of special relevance for conservation and socio‐economic activities, suggesting an opportunity for reconciling the achievement of biodiversity targets and development goals within the intricate Brazilian seascape by 2020 and beyond.
It Takes Two to Tango: Activation of Protein Kinase D by Dimerization
Authors: Reinhardt Ronja , Truebestein Linda , Schmidt Heiko A. , Leonard Thomas A.
Published: January 2020

The recent discovery and structure determination of a novel ubiquitin‐like dimerization domain in protein kinase D (PKD) has significant implications for its activation. PKD is a serine/threonine kinase activated by the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It is an essential and highly conserved protein that is implicated in plasma membrane directed trafficking processes from the trans‐Golgi network. However, many open questions surround its mechanism of activation, its localization, and its role in the biogenesis of cargo transport carriers. In reviewing this field, the focus is primarily on the mechanisms that control the activation of PKD at precise locations in the cell. In light of the new structural findings, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying PKD activation is critically evaluated, with particular emphasis on the role of dimerization in PKD autophosphorylation, and the provenance and recognition of the DAG that activates PKD.
An integrated biosensor platform for extraction and detection of nucleic acids
Authors: Sciuto Emanuele L. , Petralia Salvatore , Calabrese Giovanna , Conoci Sabrina
Published: January 2020

The development of portable systems for analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is crucial for the evolution of biosensing in the context of future healthcare technologies. The integration of NA extraction, purification, and detection modules, properly actuated by microfluidics technologies, is a key point for the development of portable diagnostic systems. In this paper, we describe an integrated biosensor platform based on a silicon–plastic hybrid lab‐on‐disk technology capable of managing NA extraction, purification, and detection processes in an integrated format. The sample preparation process is performed by solid‐phase extraction technology using magnetic beads on a plastic disk, while detection is done through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) on a miniaturized silicon device. The movement of sample and reagents is actuated by a centrifugal force induced by a disk actuator instrument. The assessment of the NA extraction and detection performance has been carried out by using hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA genome as a biological target. The quantification of the qRT‐PCR chip in the hybrid disk showed an improvement in sensitivity with respect to the qRT‐PCR commercial platforms, which means an optimization of time and cost. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values of about 8 cps/reaction and 26 cps/reaction, respectively, were found by using analytical samples (synthetic clone), while the results with real samples (serum with spiked HBV genome) indicate that the system performs as well as the standard methods.
Green supply chain practices and company performance in Portuguese manufacturing sector
Authors: Pinto Luísa
Published: January 2020

Green supply chain management is an important organizational approach to reducing strain on the environment. Many companies are under pressure from customers, media, governments, and investors, among others, to implement green practices. This exploratory paper investigates the relationships between internal and external green practices of eight Portuguese companies from different industrial sectors and their impact on economic and environmental performance. The relationship was analyzed based on the data collected from 22 semi‐structured interviews with general managers, procurement and environmental/safety managers, and through secondary data collected from reports, websites and companies' internal documentation. The analysis identifies the most important green practices considered by managers, as well as the performance measures that are most appropriate and most widely used to evaluate the influence of green practices on corporate performance. A conceptual model was derived to assess the influence of green practices on focal company economic and environmental performance. The results support four of five propositions of this research, and it is possible to conclude that the companies believe that with the adoption of green supply chain practices, they can be more competitive in the market. Due to the scope of the green practices, the relationship between green practices and economic performance was inconclusive. Internal and external green supply chain practices contribute to improved environmental performance because for all companies, there is a positive relationship between green practices and environmental performance in terms of energy, water consumption, waste, and air emissions reduction.
Detection of AXL expression in circulating tumor cells of lung cancer patients using an automated microcavity array system
Authors: Ikeda Mio , Koh Yasuhiro , Teraoka Shunsuke , Sato Koichi , Kanai Kuninobu , Hayata Atsushi , Tokudome Nahomi , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Ozawa Yuichi , Akamatsu Keiichiro , Endo Katsuya , Higuchi Masayuki , Nakanishi Masanori , Ueda Hiroki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: January 2020

Noninvasive diagnostics using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are expected to be useful for decision making in precision cancer therapy. AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with tumor progression, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance, and is a potential therapeutic target. However, the epithelial markers generally used for CTC detection may be not enough to detect AXL‐expressing CTCs due to EMT. Here, we evaluated the detection of AXL‐expressing CTCs using the mesenchymal marker vimentin with a microcavity array system. To evaluate the recovery of cancer cells, spike‐in experiments were performed using cell lines with varying cytokeratin (CK) or vimentin (VM) expression levels. With high CK and low VM‐expressing cell lines, PC‐9 and HCC827, the recovery rate of AXL‐expressing cancer cells was 1%‐17% using either CK or VM as markers. Whereas, with low CK and high VM‐expressing cell lines, MDA‐MB231 and H1299, it was 52%‐75% using CK and 72%‐88% using VM as a marker. For clinical evaluation, peripheral blood was collected from 20 non–small cell lung cancer patients and CTCs were detected using CK or VM as markers in parallel. Significantly more AXL‐expressing single CTCs were detected in VM‐positive than CK‐positive CTCs (P < .001). Furthermore, CTC clusters were identified only among VM‐positive CTCs in 20% of patients. Patients with one or more prior treatments harbored significantly more VM‐positive AXL‐expressing CTCs, suggesting the involvement of these CTCs in drug resistance. These results indicate the necessity of integrating mesenchymal markers with CTC detection and this should be further evaluated clinically.