bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The World’s Highest-Grade Cobalt Mineralization at Bou Azzer Associated With Gondwana Supercontinent Breakup, Serpentinite and Kellwasser Hydrocarbon Source Rocks
Authors: Saintilan Nicolas J. , Ikenne Moha , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Toma Jonathan , Creaser Robert A. , Souhassou Mustafa , Allaz Julien M. , Karfal Abdelaq , Maacha Lhou , Spangenberg Jorge E.
Published: January 2024

Cobalt arsenide deposits associated with Neoproterozoic serpentinite in Morocco represent the highest-grade cobalt resource worldwide. Yet, genetic models for their origin remain controversial. We report here mineralogical and geochemical evidence for arsenide-calcite mineralization at Bou Azzer to constrain the temporal framework and identify the geodynamic trigger for mineralization mechanisms. To this end, radiometric ages for ore minerals are paramount for understanding the origin of the Bou Azzer cobalt arsenide deposit. New safflorite (CoAs2) rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) ages are Late Devonian in age: 380.4 ± 2.9 and 373.4 ± 1.2 to 368.1 ± 5.0 million years ago (Ma) for coarse-grained and fine-grained safflorite, respectively. These dates overlap with the timing of break-up of the supercontinent Gondwana, and the building of an arch-and-basin geometry from northern Africa to Arabia. Our findings temporally and spatially contextualize previous knowledge of fluid chemistry and mineralization mechanisms involving a two-fluid mixing. Arsenide mineralization resulted from mixing of a methane-dominated fluid with highly saline basinal brines that leached Os (187Os/188Osinitial = 0.120 ± 0.001), and by corollary cobalt, from Neoproterozoic serpentinite. Carbon and sulfur stable isotope data of ore-stage calcite and arsenides, respectively, show that hydrocarbons acted as the main reductant for mineralization. We speculate that the seawater-derived brines sank into the sedimentary basins adjacent to a carbonate platform with the Bou Azzer serpentinite in its basement in the Late Devonian. In the context of an enhanced geothermal gradient, such brines would have been involved in warm hydrothermal alteration of hydrocarbon source rocks of the local expression of the Kellwasser event in the geological record of present-day Morocco. This warm hydrothermal alteration of hydrocarbon source rocks may have taken place for coarse-grained safflorite mineralization (380.4 ± 2.9 Ma) shortly after ca. 382–381 Ma Lower Kellwasser horizons were deposited, or, for fine-grained safflorite mineralization (373.4 ± 1.2 to 368.1 ± 5.0 Ma) while the Upper Kellwasser horizons of present-day Morocco were being deposited.
Modification of the Intensity of Compounds Biosynthesis in the Petioles of Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) Induced by the Ozonation Process
Authors: Zardzewiały Miłosz , Matłok Natalia , Piechowiak Tomasz , Balawejder Maciej
Published: January 2024

Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) is a vegetable that, despite many health-promoting properties, contains large amounts of oxalic acid, which has a negative impact on human health. Treatment of rhubarb petioles with gaseous ozone is one way to improve their quality by changing their chemical properties. As part of the research, an analysis of the mechanical and chemical properties of rhubarb petioles was performed. The analyzes showed that the applied doses of ozone of 10 ppm during 1, 3 and 5 minutes lowered the concentration of oxalic acid during 5 days of tests performed after the ozonation treatment. The most favorable effect on the reduction of oxalic acid, amounting to 36%, was caused by gaseous ozone at a concentration of 10 ppm during 5 minutes compared to the control. In addition, it was noted that on the 1st and 3rd day after using ozone gas, the antioxidant activity of the tested raw material increased significantly. Also on the same days of testing, the total amount of polyphenols increased as a result of the use of ozone fumigation. The largest increase in the total amount of polyphenols, amounting to 12%, was observed for a dose of 10 ppm 5 minutes on the 1st day after the ozonation treatment compared to the control variant. In turn, no positive effect of the ozonation process on the content of vitamin C and the value of destructive force during three-point bending of rhubarb leaf petioles was noted.
Effects of Extrusion Cooking Over Roasting on Retention of Nutritional Quality of Composite Flour Prepared From Soyabean, Millet, Corn and Rice Blend
Authors: Acharya Priti , Karki Sunita , Rai Kishor , Sangroula Adit
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of extrusion cooking and roasting on the nutritional composition of the blend obtained from rice, soybean, millet and corn flours. Two different flour compositions with different proportions of ingredients were prepared. Roasting process was conducted at 160°C for a duration of 30 minutes, whereas extrusion cooking was performed at 129°C for approximately 5 minutes. Chemical analysis was carried out on all four samples. The findings revealed that the moisture and carbohydrate content in the extrusion-cooked samples (A and B) were higher than in the roasted samples (A’ and B’). In contrast, crude fat content, crude fiber content, and ash contents were higher in roasted samples (A’ and B’) compared to extrusion-cooked samples (A and B). The protein content of samples A, A’, B and B’ was found to be 10.67%, 8.47%, 14.64% and 9.18%, respectively. This proven protein content is higher in extruded composite flours (A and B). Additionally, calcium and iron contents were higher in the roasted samples, with sample B’ having the highest calcium and iron contents. Tannin content and phytic acid content was also higher in the roasted samples, with sample B’ having the highest tannin and phytic acid content. In conclusion, extrusion cooking increased nutritional content while reducing anti-nutritional components in the composite flour, suggesting its potential as a preferred processing method to maintain nutritional quality.
Cyperus rotundus tubers resin from Algeria: a promising source of natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective compounds
Authors: Ali Anis Ben , Chouikh Atef , Haddad Larbi
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the properties and potential applications of Cyperus rotundus tubers resin, a herbaceous plant native to North Africa, Asia, and Australia. The resin was evaluated for yield, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory potential, and sun protection factor (SPF). Results showed that the resin contained five types of phenolic compounds, namely vanillic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and rutin. The resin exhibited significant antioxidant activity in all assays tested, with IC50 values ranging from 0.0638 to 0.454 mg/mL. The SPF value of the resin was determined to be 5.794, suggesting its potential as a sunscreen. The resin also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both human serum albumin (HSA) and egg albumin denaturation assays. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that Cyperus rotundus tubers resin is a promising source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. It has the potential to be used in a variety of applications, including food and beverage products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study is an important step in understanding the properties and applications of Cyperus rotundus tubers resin. The results indicate that this natural product has great potential in a variety of health applications.
Catalytic effect of nano copper ferrite on the synthesis of 6-(anthracen-9-yl)-4-(benzofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-(1H)-one
Authors: Divya Jaganathan , Gayathri Paneerselvam , Muthuvel Inbasekaran , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: January 2024

The nano copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) catalyst was employed for the synthesis of 6-(anthracen-9-yl)-4-(benzofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-(1H)-one by condensation and cyclization of 2-acetyl benzofuran, 9-anthracenaldehyde and urea under conventional heating reaction. The synthesized pyrimidinone was confirmed by physical constants, spectral (FT-IR, 1H &13C NMR) and elemental analysis. In this synthetic method, the authors investigated the effect of catalyst on the reaction by obtained yields.
Study on Ajuga reptans extracts as potential cosmetic raw materials
Authors: Dziki Anna , Malinowska Magdalena , Sikora Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

In the study, the possibility of an application of Ajuga reptans leaf and root extracts in antipollution cosmetics was investigated. The influence of Ajuga extracts on the skin condition was also evaluated. Both leaf and root Ajuga ethanolic extracts were obtained and added to the developed cosmetic formulations. Two types of emulsion W/O and O/W, washing gels and eye serum, containing as an active substance Ajuga extracts were prepared. For the stable formulations physicochemical and user properties were studied. The obtained results show that cosmetic products, containing the Ajuga reptans extracts, positively affect the skin condition: causing an improvement in the degree of skin hydration and elasticity, reducing the skin pores size and skin hyperpigmentation, and reducing the wrinkles depth.
Study on safe disposal of cephalosporins based on kinetic pyrolysis mechanism
Authors: Fan Jiangxue , Zhang Meng , Hou Xiaofei , Wang Fang , Bai Mengyuan , Jiao Ruoxi , Yang Zhongyu , Duan Erhong , Cheng Fengfei , Zhou Wen
Published: January 2024

Based on the global goals for cleaner production and sustainable development, the pyrolysis behavior of cephalosporin residues was studied by TG-MS method. The influence of full temperature window on the safe disposal of residues was analyzed based on the “3-2-2” and “1+1” of thermal analysis kinetics, and the gas by-products of thermal degradation were monitored. Results showed that the pyrolysis of distillation residues were divided into low and high-temperature zones, including six stages. Maximum error rate (8.55%) by multiple scan rate was presented based on “3-2-2” pattern and maximum total fluctuation (33.7) by single scan rate was presented based on “1+1” pattern, which implied that the comprehensive multi-level comparison method was very reliable. The E value “E” of six stages showed an increasing trend ranging 166.8 to 872.8 kJ/mol. LgA
(mean) was 27.28. Most mechanism function of stage 1, 2 were Z-L-T equation (3D), stage 3, 4, 6 were Avrami-Erofeev equation (AE3, AE4, AE2/3) and stage 5 was Reaction Order (O2). In addition, various small molecular micromolecule substances were detected such as C2H4O, C2H6, NH3, CH4, CO2 under full temperature windows and a possible pyrolysis path of residues was provided.
Degree of complexation of microelement ions by biodegradable IDHA chelator in water and simulated fertilization environment
Authors: Klem-Marciniak Ewelina , Biegun Marcin , Hoffmann Krystyna , Hoffmann Józef
Published: January 2024

The degree of complexation of microelement ions by the biodegradable chelating agent - IDHA was examined in the work. The tests were carried out in water and in a simulated fertilizer environment. In order to compare the obtained results, tests were also carried out for the commonly used EDTA. The performed analyzes allow to determine the influence of the presence of compounds containing macroelements on the degree of binding of microelement ions by the biodegradable IDHA and EDTA chelators. The obtained results make it possible to determine the optimal conditions for the chelation of cations by IDHA, which in the future may be used in the production of micronutrient fertilizers on a large scale.
Influence of Online Forums on Customers’ Buying Decisions: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Agarwal Reeti , Mehrotra Ankit
Published: January 2024

Online forums are becoming increasingly important in influencing customers’ buying decision process, hence understanding customers’ likelihood to rely on online forums while making buying decisions is of major concern for marketers. The companies should also be aware of how reliance-likelihood differs with the introversion/extraversion nature of customers. Using factor analysis as data reduction technique and classification and regression tree as machine learning technique, the current study categorizes customers and builds decision rules based on their self-perception related to their inter-intra communication comfort level (introversion/extraversion level). Based on customers’ self-perception of their inter-intra communication comfort level, four groups were identified as: Extroverts, Introverts, Socially Active and Vacillators. Analysis of the data collected from 209 respondents revealed that being socially active is a common trait for both introverts and extroverts in being influenced by online forums while making buying decisions. The current study will be useful for companies in understanding the effect of the level of introversion-extraversion in making customers more likely to be influenced by online forums for making buying decisions and hence will help firms in formulating more effective strategies and better predictive models related to online forums.
Relationship Marketing and Customer Retention - A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rosário Albérico , Casaca Joaquim A.
Published: January 2024

Relationship marketing is the process of establishing, maintaining, and improving solid relationships with a company’s customers and other stakeholders. Relationship marketing can significantly impact customer satisfaction, trust, commitment, and communication, which are critical in customer retention and increasing the probability of using a company’s products or services in the future. With globalization and technological advancements, competition and consumer demands have become more complicated, prompting firms to employ strategies that strengthen customer loyalty and trust for long-term relationships. This paper aims to identify research trends in the field through a systematic bibliometric literature review of research on relationship marketing and customer retention. The review includes 61 articles published in the Scopus® database, presenting up-to-date knowledge on the topic. The bibliographic search included peer-reviewed articles published up to 2022. The findings indicate that relationship marketing provides a win-win solution: customers benefit from special and unique treatment under relationship marketing, and companies benefit from stronger customer relationships that eventually translate to higher profitability and performance in target markets’ marketing initiatives. Relationship marketing produces multiple opportunities and benefits that facilitate the creation, maintenance, and improvement of customer retention programs.
Socio-Economic Aspects of Work and the Labour Market in Four Roma Communities in Romania
Authors: Corman Sorina , Sassu Raluca
Published: January 2024

The article presents socio-economic aspects of work and labour market in four Roma communities in Romania. The theoretical framework presents the labour market, its risks and inequalities in relation to the Roma population. The data analysed in the article is based on a qualitative methodology and 123 people (Roma and non-Roma) were interviewed. The analysis presents the jobs of Roma people, the ways they are paid for the work they do and the determinants of the label given to Roma by welfare recipients who do not like to work. The data presented and analysed are obtained within the project “The role of religion and religious actors in Roma social inclusion: towards a participatory approach” PARI – RO-NO-2019-0586.
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Catalytic Role of Universities
Authors: Ilie Livia , Budac Camelia
Published: January 2024

As there is already a common understanding that economic development can be seen where entrepreneurial activity flourishes, governments became also interested to understand if entrepreneurial ecosystems can be built from scratch like an artificial ecosystem. Many of the local areas (cities, regions or small countries) that received an entrepreneurial label developed to this status mostly through a natural process. Silicon Valley is in this respect the well-known success story. Researchers started to get interest in conceptualizing entrepreneurial ecosystems in the last two decades. They were able to define and identify the key drivers for a successful entrepreneurial ecosystem making analogies with natural ecosystems. This paper aims to synthetize the most important findings in the research in this domain, summarizing the key factors needed to be in place in order for an ecosystem to be considered entrepreneurial with a significant economic, technological and societal impact. The models developed are useful for practitioners and policymakers. Central to such an ecosystem we consider to be higher education and research institutions, as they bring to the ecosystem the elements that are crucial for its success: talented and innovative people, innovations and research outcomes with high potential of commercialization, valuable networks.
Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Certification and Firm Performance in Morocco: Evidence from the World Bank Enterprise Survey
Authors: Moussir Charaf-Eddine , Liouaeddine Mariem
Published: January 2024

In an increasingly complex international environment, the expansion of global capital flows, particularly foreign direct investment (FDI),has become an important catalyst in developing countries, in part due to a large and significant integration into global value chains (GVCs). Theoretically, the presence of multinationals in the host country is supposed to increase productivity, employment, wages, know-how, and technology of domestic firms. However, so far, the results in the empirical literature have been unclear, mainly due to the limited reliable and detailed enterprise-level data. As a result, in this paper we attempt to examine whether there is a significant difference between multinationals (MNE) and domestic firms in Morocco on a set of economic performance outcomes. To do so, we used firm-level data obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for the year 2019, using a quasi experimental technique called propensity score matching (PSM). The results reveal that the difference between foreign-owned and domestic matched firms leads to a decrease in labor productivity, higher employment and non significant impact on wages. In addition, our findings indicate that the use of foreign certification shows a positive impact on the demand of skilled labor than for foreign ownership indicator.
Cultural Heritage and New Technologies: Exploring Opportunities for Cultural Heritage Sites from Gen Z’s Perspective
Authors: Pentescu Alma
Published: January 2024

The preservation and promotion of cultural heritage has been a major focus of European and international policy makers and researchers. Access to it is transformational (europeana.eu), which is why new technologies seem to be a good opportunity in doing so, especially in education. The young generation (Gen Z) is one of digital natives, as a result of their early exposure to the Internet and electronic gadgets. Thus, they usually expect more engaging experiences. At the same time, games have a powerful role in improving key skills and competencies required for success in education and professional life (Pellegrino, Hilton, 2012). Thus, this paper reviews available literature, exploring opportunities for cultural heritage sites through digital storytelling and gamification. A detailed bibliometric analysis provides insights about the progression of scientific papers related to cultural heritage and new technologies. Data was extracted from Scopus and mapped with VOSviewer visualization tool. Literature on Generation Z perception on cultural heritage is scarce. Even research on perception on cultural heritage of different generations is limited, with papers published in the last 2-3 years.
African Firms Internationalization: What Can We Learn from the Most Cited Articles Published in the Last Decade?
Authors: Tchanga Paul Sob , Dvouletý Ondřej
Published: January 2024

This article aims to develop a recent overlook of African firms’ internationalization and its importance in consideration of the growing interest of multinational stakeholders. We analysed 26 most-cited journal articles, i.e., based on the number of citations, in the last decade, indexed in the Web of Science database, i.e., from 2011 to 2021. The previously published studies revealed that the internationalization of African firms is a fast-growing stream of the broader topic of international entrepreneurship. Our review also summarized two main research areas identified in the studied literature. The first focuses on selected features of African firms’ internationalization process. The second part underpins factors influencing their internationalization. The provided structured knowledge from the most cited articles serves as a tool to improve stakeholders’ understanding of international entrepreneurship in Africa. The study also proposes future research directions in international business and entrepreneurship in Africa. The article contributes to international entrepreneurship research in Africa by enumerating those aspects that shape the internationalization path of these global firms.
Does Career Decidedness Affect Employment Hope? The Mediating Role of Education Quality in Higher Education
Authors: Yalçin Yüksel , Özkan Hasan
Published: January 2024

In today’s conditions, one of the most important issues that confuse students in higher education is their career. With the increasing economic conditions and population growth, it becomes more difficult for them to decide on their careers. Employment perspectives and professional awareness levels are important for job seekers to find a job that meets their knowledge, skills and expectations and to ensure continuity. The general mood for students to have information about finding a job after graduation is expressed as employment hope. The quality of education students receive in higher education will affect their careers and futures. In this study, it is aimed to examine the mediating role of the education quality (EQ) in higher education in the relationship between career decidedness (CD) and employment hope (EH) of university students. The research was conducted with a sample of 476 people which continues to their higher education in different universities in Türkiye. According to the findings obtained; a statistically significant positive correlation was found between CD and EQ, CD and EH, and EQ and EH. In addition, according to the mediation test, it was determined that education quality had a partial and weak mediating role between CD and EH.
Genetic Similarity and Gene Flow in Freshwater Snail, Bulinus Globosus Populations from Selected Natural Habitats in Kano State (Nigeria)
Authors: Moruf Rasheed Olatunji , Muhammad Halima Abdullahi
Published: January 2024

The population genetic structure of Bulinus globosus, an important intermediate host snail for Schistosma haematobium, in Nigeria was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique. The five primers amplified genomic DNA of B. globosus from three populations with one region and 999 permutations. With 79 loci, the % polymorphic bands for each primer across all population samples were 55.70% (River Karaye), 58.23% (River Bagwai) and 60.76% (River Kano). The mean heterozygosity was 0.175, 0.190 and 0.197 for snails caught in Karaye, Bagwai, and Kano respectively. The highest genetic distance (0.141) and identity (0.919) were observed between the populations of Bagwai, Kano, and Karaye and Bagwai. The variations within and among the snail populations were 76% and 4% respectively, while the UPGMA dendogram revealed no outliers. The gene pool of B. globosus was microgeographically fragmented.
The Role of Integrated Coastal Management Approach in the Protection of Coastal and Marine Resources in the Eastern Coast of Tanzania
Authors: Sabai Daniel
Published: January 2024

This scientific paper examines the role of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) approach in the protection of coastal and marine resources in Tanzania. It engages coastal resource users and practitioners in focus group discussions and interviews, and complements the data obtained with documented sources. A modified version of the Benefit Analysis Framework is adopted from Wenger et al. (2011) to analyze the extent to which ICM yields a wide range of benefits that may potentially promote the protection of coastal ecosystem and enhance the commitment of communities that live adjacent to the coastal strip to manage mangroves, fisheries, coral reefs, and coastal land in a sustainable manner.
The Relationship between Mathematics Teachers’ TPACK and Students' Mathematical Resilience
Authors: Hamidy Anwaril , Wibowo Arista
Published: January 2024

Previous research shows that teachers play a role in determining students' math resilience. However, there is still little research on the type of teacher competencies that support students' mathematical resilience. This study examines the effect of mathematics teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) on students' math resilience. This quantitative study involved 163 students from a junior high school and four senior high schools in the East Kalimantan region. Data was collected through questionnaires that measured mathematics teachers' TPACK from the student perspective and students’ math resilience. Information about the gender of respondents is also collected. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and moderated regression. The results exposed that the mathematics teachers’ TPACK significantly affected students' math resilience. The components of Pedagogical Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge partially affect students' math resilience. However, the study found no moderation by student gender on the relationship between mathematics teachers' TPACK and students' math resilience. This study contributes significantly to understanding the role of mathematics teachers' TPACK in improving students' math resilience. The results can be a reference for related parties, especially in developing more effective mathematics teacher training and competency development programs.
PERAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA
Authors: Putra I Kadek Beriko , Ayuningsasi Anak Agung Ketut
Published: January 2024

The problems experienced by rural community farmers encourage farmers to have the desire that Village Unit Cooperatives can be formed as credit distribution to carry out their business activities. Overcoming problems at the farmer level can be done through farmer institutions, one of which is cooperatives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cooperative income, the number of active cooperative members' participation, and the amount of cooperative members' savings simultaneously and partially on the welfare of farmers in Jembrana District. This study uses a quantitative approach and is associative. The research location is in Jembrana Regency, while the objects in this study are cooperative income, the number of active cooperative members' participation, the amount of savings of cooperative members, and the welfare of farmers. The data analysis technique used to solve the problems in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results showed that cooperative income, participation of active cooperative members, and savings of cooperative members had a significant effect simultaneously and partially had a positive and significant effect on the welfare of farmers in Jembrana District.

 Keywords: cooperative income, participation of active cooperative members, savings of cooperative members, welfare of farmers
ANALISIS DETERMINAN MASA TUNGGU PEKERJA TERDIDIK DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Dewi Kadek Dinda Mas Kencana , Marhaeni A.A.I.N
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is; 1) to analyze the influence of age, skills, social networks, and parents' socioeconomic status simultaneously on the waiting period of educated workers in Denpasar City. 2) To analyze the effect of age, social network skills and parents' economic status partially on the waiting period of educated workers in Denpasar City. 3) To analyze the role of parents' socioeconomic status in moderating the influence of social networks on the waiting period of educated workers in Denpasar CityThe number of samples in this study were 100 samples. Data collection methods used are observation, structured interviews, and in-depth interviews. The data analysis technique used is moderation regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that age, skills, social networks and socio-economic status of parents simultaneously have a significant effect on the waiting period of educated workers in Denpasar City. Age, skills, social networks and parents' socio-economic status partially have a negative and significant effect on the waiting period of educated workers in Denpasar City. Parents' socioeconomic status moderates the influence of social networks in Denpasar City.

Keywords: Educated unemployed, waiting period, age, skill, social network, socioeconomic status of parents.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK, TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA (TPAK) TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Vistalia Alo Fransiska , Sukadana I Wayan
Published: January 2024

The problem of poverty has a very urgent nature and has no clear boundaries. This is due not only to its continued upward trend, but also to its impact that transcends the economic sphere, encompasses social aspects and even threatens political stability within the country. Most countries with large populations also tend to have higher poverty rates compared to countries with smaller populations. Likewise, with the level of education and TPAK where inmany communities with low economies, opportunities to get adequate education, ranging from elementary to higher, are often limited, furthermore, if TPAK increases this can have a positive impact on economic growth. This study uses time series data with variables of population growth, education level, , TPAK, and poverty rate in the last 26 years, namely 1996-2021 until the number of observations is 26 observation points. Based on the results of data processing and testing simultaneously shows that population growth, education rate, and labor force participation rate (TPAK) affect simultaneously in Papua Province. Population growth has a negative and significant effect on poverty. The level of education, that is, the average length of schooling, has a negative and insignificant effect on poverty. The labor force participation rate (TPAK) has a negative and significant effect on poverty.

keyword: Population Growth, Education Level, TPAK, Poverty
AULAS E PROFESSORES(AS) DO ENSINO RELIGIOSO NO TEMPO PRESENTE:
Authors: Ferreira Lima e Silva Joselma , De Sousa Carvalho Monte Maria Bernadete
Published: January 2024

Conforme a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), o Ensino Religioso (ER) é equiparado às outras áreas do conhecimento e visa a uma formação mínima e es-

pecífica em Licenciatura em Ciências das Religiões. Nessa direção, objetiva-se iden-

tificar as perspectivas do Ministério da Educação (MEC) sobre o respeito à diversi-

dade cultural e religiosa brasileira no contexto do ER na sala de aula, destacando-se a formação e atuação dos professores para o Componente Curricular. O trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa narrativa, de abordagem qualitativa. Os colaboradores foram professores(as) que atuam no Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de uma formação dialógica que se estabeleça na prática docente para a autonomia dos alunos na construção do conhecimento do fenômeno religioso e do protagonismo juvenil. As narrativas apontam ser preciso superar a visão in-

gênua sobre o ER, estar aberto ao diálogo e fomentar o respeito. Para a admissão dos docentes, faz-se mister sua formação em Ciências das Religiões, podendo atuar como pesquisador e assessor em espaços não formais de ensino, público e privado, nas organizações não governamentais e entidades confessionais.
Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan anak usia dini: peran pendekatan pedagogis dan kualifikasi guru
Authors: Salim Nur Agus
Published: January 2024

This research explores the role of pedagogical approaches and teacher qualifications on the quality of Early Childhood Education. Through an analysis of current educational literature and policy, this study highlights the importance of a child-centred pedagogical approach, which emphasizes creating learning environments that support and stimulate children's holistic development. Next, this study examines the role of teacher qualifications. Research findings show that the integration of effective pedagogical approaches and highly qualified teachers creates an optimal learning environment, which is critical for supporting children's development at an early age. This study provides insight for curriculum developers, educational practitioners, and policy makers on ways to improve the quality of education at the PAUD level, which is a critical stage in child development.
Breastfeeding and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: a meta-analysis
Authors: Khushaym Abdulaziz , Al-Majed Fatema , Shafaee Ghady , Ghazzawi Hadeel , Al-Mahmood Hend , Al-Mubarak Jori , Alshaibani Leena , Alzeyedi Hasheem , Jahrami Haitham
Published: January 2024

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases yielded ten studies published between 2006 and 2018. The analysis utilized a random-effects model, with the log odds ratio as the outcome measure. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and the I² statistic, and potential outliers were identified using studentized residuals and Cook\'s distances. The findings of the included studies revealed that breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of both ASD and ADHD. Children who were breastfed demonstrated a 30% lower risk of ASD (pooled log odds ratio: -0.3266, 95% CI: -1.2252 to 0.5721) and a 27% lower risk of ADHD (pooled log odds ratio: -0.3266, 95% CI: -1.2252 to 0.5721) than did those who were not breastfed. Subgroup analyses, considering disease type, study design, and study quality, supported these findings. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provided the evidence that breastfeeding, whether exclusive or mixed, might have a protective effect against neurodevelopmental disorders, namely, ASD and ADHD. However, the duration of breastfeeding did not significantly impact the development of ADHD. Further research is necessary to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved and to establish more robust conclusions.
Prevalence and risk factors of plantar fasciitis amongst the population of Al Jouf region: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alharbi Zaid , Albalawi Mohammed , Alotaibi Sami , Alkhaldi Motaz , Almugharriq Raneem , Almathhur Wiam , Aldandan Aljofool , Al-Dhafer Bassmh
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of plantar fasciitis (PF) among the population of Al Jouf region in Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
This study employed a cross-sectional design and used data from a sample of 665 people living in the Al Jouf region of Saudi Arabia. After guaranteeing their confidentiality, the participants answered a validated self-administered questionnaire.
Results:
The study primarily consisted of adults aged less than 40 years (63.3%, n=421), with a predominance of females (58.6%, n=390), majority of them were singles (50.4%, n=335), with university education (72.0%, n=479) and 42.3% (n=281) were employed. The study established 12% (n=80) prevalence rate of PF among the population of Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia. In terms of comorbidities, 9.3% (n=62) participants had obesity, while 8.3% (n=55) had diabetes, Further, tobacco use or diseases associated to tobacco use affected 3.3% (n=22).
Conclusion:
The study established 12% prevalence rate of PF among the population of Al Jouf region in Saudi Arabia. Comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular illnesses were risk factors for the development of PF. Plantar fasciitis was found to be more common in people who were 40–65 years old, obese, and employed in jobs that required 3–6 hours of standing or 3–12 hours of walking. Conversely, being a man was associated with a lower incidence of PF.
The prevalence of beta-blocker use among medical students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altalhi Fai , Alqadheeb Ali , Alanazi Fahad , Almalki Zohour , Alotaibi Lujain , Alghamdi Waad , Alnofaiey Yasser , Alanazi Abdulmohsen
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of beta blockers' use in Saudi medical students in all regions in Saudi Arabia during their college years.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting medical students in all regions of Saudi Arabia during their college years. A total of 745 students were included. The questionnaire used was divided into three main parts. Demographic information, if they were offered or recommended to use propranolol, and details about the use of propranolol.
Results:
Out of total, 15.3% reported using propranolol, 20.9% participants were recommended beta blockers, but only 17.6% had offered them. Usage of beta blockers was significantly higher among clinical year students compared to junior students. Gender, region, and GPA did not show differences in beta-blocker use among students. The most common reasons for using propranolol were anxiety relief (82.2%), performance enhancement (41.5%), before the objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs; 70.3%).
Conclusion:
The prevalence of beta-blocker utilization among medical students in Saudi Arabia appeared to be notably elevated compared to reported figures from European nations. The findings from the current research indicated a noticeable increase in beta-blocker usage among students who were engaged in smoking, used illegal or psychoactive substances, or consumed energy drinks. There is a need to raise awareness about the risks and implications of using beta-blockers without medical guidance.
Cyberbullying correlation with depression and self-harm among adolescents
Authors: Eldomiaty Magda , Elmitwalli Fatma , Almoghamsi Joury , Alhajouj Zahra’a , Alraddadi Raghad , Alghanim Ghaida , Alkurdi Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying among Madinah students, and its associated risk to the development of depression.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional non-interventional observational survey questionnaire conducted among 405 participants in Al-Madinah.
Results:
Out of the 405 participants, young females predominated the sample, 53.6% reported being bullied before, around half of the participants (47.5%) were currently in an average, bad, or very bad psychological status, while one-third (33.1%) stated being very good. A minority of the participants (23%) shared their opinion about the restricted internet access for students, while 40.5% were against it. Two-thirds of the participants (64.2%) had no suicidal thoughts; however, 28.9% had suicidal thoughts, but no thoughts to implement.
Conclusion:
Cyberbullying has a big clinical burden on the individuals' health, especially a psychological burden.
Impact of diet and lifestyle on type-2 diabetes and its complications in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2023
Authors: AlShihab Shouq , Alaasmi Yara , Alrifai Farah , Assiri Saud , Alshihab Ali , Al-Rashoud Bader , Aljammaz Abdulaziz , Qasim Abdulmalik , Mirza Arshi , Farooqi Waqar
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to determine how diet and lifestyle choices affect type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences among adult Saudi Arabians living in Riyadh.
Methods:
This was an observational and descriptive cross sectional study conducted through an interview-based questionnaire among 250 type-2 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. The study was conducted at King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh. The research questionnaire collected information about patient's demographic data, signs, symptoms, and complications related to T2DM as well as evaluation of participants\' diet, diabetic status, and lifestyle.
Results:
Most of the participants were males (68.4%). In terms of age distribution, the largest group consisted of individuals aged 35 to 64 years (49%) participants. Further, 46.5% patients reported being satisfied with overall health, in which 37.8% expressed a desire to be more active.
Conclusion:
The patients need more awareness about the outcomes of diabetes, importance of regular follow up for better standard health program, and adherence to both lifestyle and medications prescribed.
Exploring knowledge, attitude, and practice in sexuality education across the general population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Noaim Khalid , Aldoukhi Zahra , Ibnshamsah Abdulrazaq , Alshehri Omar , Alkharboosh Yousef , Alqahtani Saud , Elhussein Emine
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This research explored the vital role of the general population in Saudi Arabian sexuality education, recognizing cultural conservatism.
Methods:
It was an observational cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in Saudi Arabia. A non-probability sampling method with a sample size of 385 was employed. Data collection was done by an online questionnaire.
Results:
The current study on parental involvement in sex education in Saudi Arabia included 386 participants, predominantly females (60.1%), aged 25-34 years (30.1%), married (58.3%), with the Eastern region representing the most (36.3%). About 59.8% had children, mainly aged 10-15 years (22.8%), and held university degree (54.7%). Noteworthy findings include that 64% recognized media\'s impact on children\'s sexual behavior and 80.3% preferred sex education discussions at home. Motivations revealed that 68.9% aimed to reduce sexual assault risks. University-educated parents and those with a monthly income of 15,000-19,999 SAR had higher knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Regional variations significantly influenced attitude scores, with the Western region least favorable and the Central region most positive (p < 0.05). Having children increased practical application scores, with the Southern region scoring the highest and the Central region the lowest (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The current study sheds light on the vital role of general population in Saudi Arabia\'s sexual education landscape. Regional and demographic factors significantly influenced attitudes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
Perception, attitude, and beliefs of Saudi population concerning nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and role of diet in Riyadh region
Authors: AlAnazi Faisal , Almutairi Abdulaziz , Alhumam Maathir , Alelaiwi May , Almutairi Shaden , Aljameeli Abdullah , Almoharib Khaled , Aldafas Hamad , Aldahash Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This study was designed to evaluate the perception, attitude, and beliefs of Saudi population towards nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods:
In this cross-sectional observational study, an online questionnaire was used that was distributed via social media platforms. Details of participants regarding sex, marital status, place of residence, socioeconomic status were obtained. Further, the association of knowledge with age, sex, and level of education was also measured.
Results:
In total, 397 participants were recruited. Among them, only 40 (10.08%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, and 27 (6.80%) had heard about NAFLD from their physicians; however, 315 (79.35%) individuals were aware regarding cirrhosis. Hepatitis B and C was considered the primary cause of cirrhosis, as perceived by 187 (47.10%) participants, while 131 (33%) participants associated it with alcohol consumption. Approximately 20% participants perceived that NAFLD transferred from generation to generation via genes. Overall, 282 (71.03%) participants agreed that dietary habits could affect disease control patterns, whereas 33% associated it with diabetes.
Conclusion:
There was a knowledge gap concerning NAFLD, even though patients acknowledged that lifestyle modifications are the primary therapy for the disease. The two factors that consistently aided and hindered lifestyle changes were the availability of social support and competing medical comorbidities.
Spinal epidural abscess mimicking chloroma
Authors: Albadr Fahad , Aldossari Khalid , Aldossari Naif , Alghamdi Meshal , Alluwaymi Nawaf , Alohali Abdulaziz
Published: January 2024

Background:
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare and generally challenging condition. It represents a challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment due to the low incidence, vague presentation, and rapid neurologic deterioration.
Case Presentation:
A 40-year-old gentleman who was previously healthy was presented with a 2-week history of decreased vision associated with fever and cough one week before the eye symptoms. The patient was admitted as a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia. And was started on chemotherapy, which was complicated by septicemia and was shifted to the intensive care unit. Three weeks after admission he started to have severe non-radicular neck pain. He also had bilateral lower limb pain spasm-like in nature. Patient denies any history of trauma, weakness, numbness, saddle anesthesia or loss of sphincter control. Labs showed leukopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow result showed hypercellularity with active trilineage hematopoiesis and no immunomorphological evidence of abnormal promyelocytes or maturation arrest. He underwent C3-C4 laminectomy and evacuation of epidural pus collection. Intra-operative course was free of complication. Upon post-operative assessment he was hemodynamically stable, his neck pain was better with morphine doses and he was able to mobilize it.
Conclusion:
Spinal epidural abscess can mimic chloroma clinically and radiologically, however, diffusion with the images and enhancement is essential for proper assessment since a proper medical and surgical intervention is needed.
Pattern and determinants of the knowledge, attitude and practice towards pneumococcal vaccine among the population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Gamal Fathi , Khamis Zinab , Sulaimani Ahad , Alradadi Ethar , Alharbi Bushra , Yousaf Sundas
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To assess Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards pneumococcal vaccine among the population in Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted on 302 subjects via google form questionnaire online. It provided information on personal and sociodemographic characteristics, morbid history, and KAP on pneumococcal vaccine.
Results:
The total number of enrolled subjects for the present study was 302 (27.2% males and 72.8% females). Majority of the subjects were Saudis (71.9%). The mean age was 32.4 years (SD: 12.2). Over half of the subjects (56.95%) believed that their bodies could fight pneumonia infection without vaccine. This finding was independent of age (mean age= 32.8 ±12.7 as compared to the younger ones, mean age= 30.4±9.7) where t = 1.38, and p < 0.16. The KAP of the subjects about pneumococcal pneumonia and its vaccine was low. Factor analysis revealed that factor-1 was significantly associated with most of the scores of the questions on knowledge, attitude and practice; therefore factor-1 was considered representing the variance in these variables. On the other hand age, gender, nationality and education level had loading of 0.170, -0.141, 0.099, and -0.134 on factor-1, respectively.
Conclusions:
The present study showed inferior knowledge among most of the participants with positive attitude towards practicing pneumococcal vaccine. Thus, it is recommended that health education programs about Streptococcus pneumonia infection and its adverse effects on the respiratory system and importance of taking the vaccine in preventing this disorder should be conducted.