bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable non-mode selective Hermite–Gaussian mode multiplexer based on multi-plane light conversion
Authors: Wen He , Zhang Yuanhang , Sampson Rachel , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Wang Ning , Fan Shengli , Li Guifang
Published: December 2020

Non-mode-selective (NMS) multiplexers (muxes) are highly desirable for coherent power combining to produce a high-power beam with a shaped profile (wavefront synthesis) from discrete, phase-locked emitters. We propose a design for a multi-plane light conversion (MPLC)-based NMS mux, which requires only a few phase masks for coherently combining hundreds of discrete input beams into an output beam consisting of hundreds of Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes. The combination of HG modes as a base can further construct a beam with arbitrary wavefront. The low number of phase masks is attributed to the identical zero-crossing structure of the Hadamard-coded input arrays and of the output HG modes, enabling the practicality of such devices. An NMS mux supporting 256 HG modes is designed using only seven phase masks, and achieves an insertion loss of

−
1.6
  
dB

, mode-dependent loss of 4.7 dB, and average total mode crosstalk of

−
4.4
  
dB

. Additionally, this design, featuring equal power for all input beams, enables phase-only control in coherent power combining, resulting in significant simplifications and fast convergence compared with phase-and-amplitude control.
EphA7 isoforms differentially regulate cortical dendrite development
Authors: Leonard Carrie E. , Baydyuk Maryna , Stepler Marissa A. , Burton Denver A. , Donoghue Maria J.
Published: December 2020

The shape of a neuron facilitates its functionality within neural circuits. Dendrites integrate incoming signals from axons, receiving excitatory input onto small protrusions called dendritic spines. Therefore, understanding dendritic growth and development is fundamental for discerning neural function. We previously demonstrated that EphA7 receptor signaling during cortical development impacts dendrites in two ways: EphA7 restricts dendritic growth early and promotes dendritic spine formation later. Here, the molecular basis for this shift in EphA7 function is defined. Expression analyses reveal that EphA7 full-length (EphA7-FL) and truncated (EphA7-T1; lacking kinase domain) isoforms are dynamically expressed in the developing cortex. Peak expression of EphA7-FL overlaps with dendritic elaboration around birth, while highest expression of EphA7-T1 coincides with dendritic spine formation in early postnatal life. Overexpression studies in cultured neurons demonstrate that EphA7-FL inhibits both dendritic growth and spine formation, while EphA7-T1 increases spine density. Furthermore, signaling downstream of EphA7 shifts during development, such thatin vivoinhibition of mTOR by rapamycin in EphA7-mutant neurons ameliorates dendritic branching, but not dendritic spine phenotypes. Finally, direct interaction between EphA7-FL and EphA7-T1 is demonstrated in cultured cells, which results in reduction of EphA7-FL phosphorylation. In cortex, both isoforms are colocalized to synaptic fractions and both transcripts are expressed together within individual neurons, supporting a model where EphA7-T1 modulates EphA7-FL repulsive signaling during development. Thus, the divergent functions of EphA7 during cortical dendrite development are explained by the presence of two variants of the receptor.
αIIbβ3 variants in ten families with autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia: Expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum
Authors: Morais Sara , Oliveira Jorge , Lau Catarina , Pereira Mónica , Gonçalves Marta , Monteiro Catarina , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Matos Rui , Sampaio Marco , Cruz Eugénia , Freitas Inês , Santos Rosário , Lima Margarida
Published: December 2020

Background

Rare pathogenic variants in either theITGA2BorITGB3genes have been linked to autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia associated with abnormal platelet production and function, deserving the designation of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia-Like Syndrome (GTLS) or ITGA2B/ITGB3-related thrombocytopenia.

Objectives

To describe a series of patients with familial macrothrombocytopenia and decreased expression of αIIbβ3 integrin due to defects in theITGA2BorITGB3genes.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical and laboratory records of 10 Portuguese families with GTLS (33 patients and 11 unaffected relatives), including the functional and genetic defects.

Results

Patients had absent to moderate bleeding, macrothrombocytopenia, low αIIbβ3 expression, impaired platelet aggregation/ATP release to physiological agonists and low expression of activation-induced binding sites on αIIbβ3 (PAC-1) and receptor-induced binding sites on its ligand (bound fibrinogen), upon stimulation with TRAP-6 and ADP. Evidence for constitutive αIIbβ3 activation, occurred in 2 out of 9 patients from 8 families studied, but also in 2 out of 12 healthy controls. We identified 7 missense variants: 3 inITGA2B(5 families), and 4 inITGB3(5 families). Three variants (αIIb: p.Arg1026Trp and p.Arg1026Gln and β3: p.Asp749His) were previously reported. The remaining (αIIb: p.Gly1007Val and β3: p.Thr746Pro, p.His748Pro and p.Arg760Cys) are new, expanding the αIIbβ3 defects associated with GTLS. The integration of the clinical and laboratory data allowed the identification of two GTLS subgroups, with distinct disease severity.

Conclusions

Previously reportedITGA2BandITGB3variants related to thrombocytopenia were clustered in a confined region of the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domains, the inner membrane clasp. For the first time, variants are reported at the outer membrane clasp, at the transmembrane domain of αIIb, and at the membrane distal cytoplasmic domains of β3. This is the largest single-center series of inherited macrothrombocytopenia associated with αIIbβ3 variants published to date.
A novel ultrasound-guided mouse model of sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Rutledge Cody A. , Chiba Takuto , Redding Kevin , Dezfulian Cameron , Sims-Lucas Sunder , Kaufman Brett A.
Published: December 2020

Aim

Mouse models of sudden cardiac arrest are limited by challenges with surgical technique and obtaining reliable venous access. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop a simplified method in the mouse that uses ultrasound-guided injection of potassium chloride directly into the heart.

Methods

Potassium chloride was delivered directly into the left ventricular cavity under ultrasound guidance in intubated mice, resulting in immediate asystole. Mice were resuscitated with injection of epinephrine and manual chest compressions and evaluated for survival, body temperature, cardiac function, kidney damage, and diffuse tissue injury.

Results

The direct injection sudden cardiac arrest model causes rapid asystole with high surgical survival rates and short surgical duration. Sudden cardiac arrest mice with 8-min of asystole have significant cardiac dysfunction at 24 hours and high lethality within the first seven days, where after cardiac function begins to improve. Sudden cardiac arrest mice have secondary organ damage, including significant kidney injury but no significant change to neurologic function.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided direct injection of potassium chloride allows for rapid and reliable cardiac arrest in the mouse that mirrors human pathology without the need for intravenous access. This technique will improve investigators’ ability to study the mechanisms underlying post-arrest changes in a mouse model.
A comparison of non-magnetic and magnetic beads for measuring IgG antibodies against Plasmodium vivax antigens in a multiplexed bead-based assay using Luminex technology (Bio-Plex 200 or MAGPIX)
Authors: Mazhari Ramin , Brewster Jessica , Fong Rich , Bourke Caitlin , Liu Zoe S. J. , Takashima Eizo , Tsuboi Takafumi , Tham Wai-Hong , Harbers Matthias , Chitnis Chetan , Healer Julie , Ome-Kaius Maria , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Kazura James , Robinson Leanne J. , King Christopher , Mueller Ivo , Longley Rhea J.
Published: December 2020

Multiplexed bead-based assays that use Luminex® xMAP® technology have become popular for measuring antibodies against proteins of interest in many fields, including malaria and more recently SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. There are currently two formats that are widely used: non-magnetic beads or magnetic beads. Data are lacking regarding the comparability of results obtained using these two types of beads, and for assays run on different instruments. Whilst non-magnetic beads can only be run on flow-based instruments (such as the Luminex® 100/200™ or Bio-Plex® 200), magnetic beads can be run on both these and the newer MAGPIX® instruments. In this study we utilized a panel of purified recombinant Plasmodium vivax proteins and samples from malaria-endemic areas to measure P. vivax-specific IgG responses using different combinations of beads and instruments. We directly compared: i) non-magnetic versus magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200, ii) magnetic beads run on the Bio-Plex® 200 versus MAGPIX® and iii) non-magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200 versus magnetic beads run on the MAGPIX®. We also performed an external comparison of our optimized assay. We observed that IgG antibody responses, measured against our panel of P. vivax proteins, were moderately-strongly correlated in all three of our comparisons (pearson r>0.5 for 18/19 proteins), however higher amounts of protein were required for coupling to magnetic beads. Our external comparison indicated that results generated in different laboratories using the same coupled beads are also highly comparable (pearson r>0.7), particularly if a reference standard curve is used.
Multi-objective regression test suite optimization using three variants of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system
Authors: Kiran Ayesha , Butt Wasi Haider , Shaukat Arslan , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Fatima Urooj , Azam Farooque , Anwar Zeeshan
Published: December 2020

In the process of software development, regression testing is one of the major activities that is done after making modifications in the current system or whenever a software system evolves. But, the test suite size increases with the addition of new test cases and it becomes in-efficient because of the occurrence of redundant, broken, and obsolete test cases. For that reason, it results in additional time and budget to run all these test cases. Many researchers have proposed computational intelligence and conventional approaches for dealing with this problem and they have achieved an optimized test suite by selecting, minimizing or reducing, and prioritizing test cases. Currently, most of these optimization approaches are single objective and static in nature. But, it is mandatory to use multi-objective dynamic approaches for optimization due to the advancements in information technology and associated market challenges. Therefore, we have proposed three variants of self-tunable Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System i.e. TLBO-ANFIS, FA-ANFIS, and HS-ANFIS, for multi-objective regression test suites optimization. Two benchmark test suites are used for evaluating the proposed ANFIS variants. The performance of proposed ANFIS variants is measured using Standard Deviation and Root Mean Square Error. A comparison of experimental results is also done with six existing methods i.e. GA-ANFIS, PSO-ANFIS, MOGA, NSGA-II, MOPSO, and TOPSIS and it is concluded that the proposed method effectively reduces the size of regression test suite without a reduction in the fault detection rate.
Evaluation of in-service training program of laboratory professionals in Amhara Public Health Institute Dessie Branch, northeast Ethiopia: A concurrent mixed-method study
Authors: Legesse Seid , Alemu Tefera , Tassew Mulugeta , Shiferaw Birtukan , Amare Semagn , Tadesse Zerfie , Maru Minwuyelet
Published: December 2020

Background

In-service training programs should be evaluated and modified regularly to enhance training quality. However, in Ethiopia, there is no published evidence regarding its effectiveness. Therefore, we evaluated the Amhara Public Health Institute Dessie Branch (APHI_DB) in-service training program using the Kirkpatrick model.

Methods

In October 2019, a concurrent nested mixed method facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 laboratory stakeholders from 22 randomly selected government health facilities in the eastern part of the Amhara region. The qualitative part involved interviews with each of these key stakeholders. We collected data using a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. EpiData 3.1 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software were used for data entry and analysis respectively. The major qualitative findings were narrated and summarized based on four thematic areas to supplement the quantitative findings.

Results

A total of 107 laboratory personnel were interviewed, which makes a response rate of 97.3%. At the reaction level, 82.1% of the participants agree/strongly agree with the course structures, training contents, and learning tools. Likewise, 85.4% of the participants agreed/ strongly agreed on the trainer’s knowledge and their communication skills. In addition, 93.1% of the participants stated an improvement in knowledge and skills after attending the training. As a result, 65.6% of them were able to transfer their knowledge and skills into practice. Regarding the training set-ups and environment, 45.1% of the respondents disagree/strongly disagree with the training hall, toilet, cafe, tea and snacks, financial process, and accommodation perdiem.

Conclusion

Generally, the laboratory in-service training program of APHI_DB was more or less effective. Our findings suggest regular monitoring of each training event and evaluation of training programs against a clearly defined criterion. Furthermore, the institute is mandated to create a conducive learning environment and well-established training setups for trainees.
Planning for classroom physical distancing to minimize the threat of COVID-19 disease spread
Authors: Murray Alan T.
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory illness spread between people. A primary weapon for reducing or eliminating this disease involves physical distancing to thwart transmission. Efforts to keep the economy moving include enacting physical distancing strategies that will increase the safety of workplaces, schools, businesses, etc. Given that education is a critical economic sector that impacts essentially all other sectors in some way, this paper details a planning approach for classroom physical distancing supported by spatial optimization. Devising a configuration of desks and/or workspaces that are physically distant is a type of dispersion problem that can be formalized mathematically and solved. Planning efforts for a university campus serve to illustrate how spatial optimization can support safety enhancements.
Determining the effects of nanoparticulate air pollution on proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Green Emily H. , Kikis Elise A.
Published: December 2020

The proteostasis network comprises the biochemical pathways that together maintain and regulate proper protein synthesis, transport, folding, and degradation. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a failure of the proteostasis network to sustain the health of the proteome, resulting in protein misfolding, aggregation, and, often, neurotoxicity. Although important advances have been made in recent years to identify genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, we still know relatively little about environmental risk factors such as air pollution. Exposure to nano-sized particulate air pollution, referred to herein as nanoparticulate matter (nPM), has been shown to trigger the accumulation of misfolded and oligomerized amyloid beta in mice. This suggests that the ability to maintain proteostasis is likely compromised in Alzheimer ‘s disease (AD) pathogenesis upon exposure to nPM. We aim to determine whether this aspect of the environment interacts with proteostasis network machinery to trigger protein misfolding. This could at least partially explain how air pollution exacerbates the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases of aging, such as AD. We hypothesize that nPM challenges the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network by reducing the efficiency of folding for metastable proteins, thereby disrupting what has proven to be a very delicate proteostasis balance. We will test this hypothesis usingC.elegansas our model system. Specifically, we will determine the impact of particulate air pollution on the aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated reporters of proteostasis and on transcriptional responses to stress.
Quality assurance in anti-tuberculosis drug procurement by the Stop TB Partnership—Global Drug Facility: Procedures, costs, time requirements, and comparison of assay and dissolution results by manufacturers and by external analysis
Authors: Hauk Cathrin , Schäfermann Simon , Martus Peter , Muzafarova Nigorsulton , Babaley Magali , Waning Brenda , Heide Lutz
Published: December 2020

Background

Quality-assured medicines are a principal means of achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals. An example of quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures in drug procurement is provided by the operation of the Global Drug Facility (GDF) of the Stop TB Partnership, the largest provider of tuberculosis (TB) medicines to the public sector worldwide.

Methods

Procedures and results of GDF’s quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) over the five-year period 2013–2017 were analysed retrospectively. 13,999 batches of 51 different medicines had been procured and reviewed within this period. 1,388 of these batches had been analysed in the laboratories of GDF’s external quality control agent (QCA). Assay and dissolution results determined by the manufacturers and by the external QCA were compared using Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

All investigated batches of medicines were in specifications at the time of shipment. The costs for QA/QC were 0.8% of purchase costs. The median time required for chemical analysis was 10 working days. Comparison of the medicine quality analysis results showed for the poorly water-soluble compound rifampicin a bias of 4.4%, with the manufacturers reporting higher values than the external QCA, most likely due to different methods employed for the analysis. Overall 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) were -6.7 to +8.0% for assay, and -10.1 to +11.8% for dissolution. In case of kanamycin injections, 95% LOAs for assay reached -14.5 to +13.2%, largely attributable to samples from one manufacturer who had used a microbiological assay while the external QCA had used an HPLC assay.

Conclusions

GDF’s procedures represent a useful benchmark when evaluating QA/QC procedures of other medicine procurement operations. Inter-laboratory comparison using Bland-Altman plots allows to investigate bias and variability in medicine quality control and should be considered as a routine procedure by drug procurement agencies, to identify priorities for further improvements.
Factors associated with postpartum depression among women in Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Inthaphatha Souphalak , Yamamoto Eiko , Louangpradith Viengsakhone , Takahashi Yuki , Phengsavanh Alongkone , Kariya Tetsuyoshi , Saw Yu Mon , Hamajima Nobuyuki
Published: December 2020

Postpartum depression is a worldwide public health concern. The prevalence of postpartum depression is reported to be greater in developing countries than in developed countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, no papers on postpartum depression in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic have been published. In order to strengthen maternal and child health, the current situation of postpartum depression should be understood. This study aims to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and identify factors associated with postpartum depression in Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Study participants were 428 women 6–8 weeks postpartum who visited four central hospitals in Vientiane Capital for postnatal care from July to August 2019. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic, obstetrical and infant, and psychiatric data about the women and their partners. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to identify suspected cases of postpartum depression with the cut-off score of 9/10. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent factors that were associated with suspected postpartum depression (EPDS ≥10). The mean age of the 428 women was 28.1 years, and the prevalence of suspected postpartum depression was 31.8%. Multivariable logistic regression using variables that were statistically significant on bivariate analyses indicated that three variables were associated with suspected postpartum depression: unintended pregnancy (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.00–2.73, P = 0.049), low birth satisfaction (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.00–3.43, P = 0.049), and depression during pregnancy (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI 2.35–6.77, P <0.001). In this study, unintended pregnancy, low birth satisfaction, and depression during pregnancy were independent risk factors for postpartum depression. These results suggest that the mental health of pregnant women should be monitored, and that health care services, especially family planning and supportive birth care, should be strengthened to prevent postpartum depression.
Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity
Authors: Cunha Aline O. B. , Bezerra Jadson D. P. , Oliveira Thays G. L. , Barbier Eder , Bernard Enrico , Machado Alexandre R. , Souza-Motta Cristina M.
Published: December 2020

Bat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.
Attitudes, experiences, and preferences of ophthalmic professionals regarding routine use of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice
Authors: Robertson Alexandra O. , Tadić Valerija , Rahi Jugnoo S.
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives

Routine use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess quality of health care systems is mandated in many countries and has been implemented successfully in many specialities. Ophthalmology currently lags behind. To support and inform future implementation, we investigated paediatric ophthalmic clinicians’ experience of, and future training needs for, using child-appropriate vision PROMs and their views about the barriers and enablers to future routine implementation in clinical practice.

Methods

We conducted a pilot study, using an online survey to elicit the experience, attitudes, training needs and perceptions of barriers and enablers to routine PROMs use of ophthalmic health professionals in the Paediatric Ophthalmology Department at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. A focus-group was undertaken to discuss survey results and preferences regarding presentation of PROM data. Analysis comprised descriptive statistics, presented alongside complementary qualitative data.

Results

Eighteen clinicians in the department completed the survey. Twenty-seven took part in the focus group. Clinicians had limited experience of using PROMs but high confidence in the potential positive impact on communication with patients, monitoring chronic conditions and clinical decision-making. Clinicians identified operational issues (collection and analysis of data) and impact (interpretation and application of data) as the two key areas for consideration. Training and information requirements before implementation were clearly articulated, alongside the benefits of using digital/electronic data capture ahead of consultations to allow efficiency and automated analysis, and presentation in an appropriate visual format alongside clinical data to ensure meaningful use.

Conclusion

The findings of this pilot study of ophthalmic clinicians working in a specialist paediatric ophthalmology department, suggest that ophthalmic clinicians recognise the potential benefits of routine PROMs use in clinical practice. Together with existing literature outside ophthalmology relating to overcoming barriers and exploiting enablers to routine implementation, findings may be applicable in planning routine PROM implementation in paediatric ophthalmology.
Perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: Evidence from the general Chinese population
Authors: Yang Xiao , Xiong Zhenzhen , Li Zhixiong , Li Xiao , Xiang Weiyi , Yuan Yiwen , Li Zhe
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by novel coronavirus 2019. Many individuals suffered psychological symptoms in the early stage when the epidemic was uncertain. We explored the perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic.

Method

The Perceived Stress Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale and a general information questionnaire were integrated in an on-line survey conducted from February 1, 2020 until February 4, 2020. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore whether coping style, social support or other factors contributed to psychological stress.

Results

A total of 1638 participants were included, of whom 44.3% showed moderate psychological stress. Individuals who were younger, female, unmarried, spent more time on the disease, felt more concern about it, reported lower social support (Subjective Social support; Objective social support; Utilization social support), or showed a negative coping style were more likely to suffer higher psychological stress in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion

Psychological interventions may be targeted to individuals with the risk characteristics identified in this study. It may be helpful to promote social support and positive coping style in the early stage of infectious disease epidemics. This initial evidence from the general Chinese population may be relevant to interventions in other countries for dealing with the COVID-19 and other epidemics.
MANTA, an integrative database and analysis platform that relates microbiome and phenotypic data
Authors: Chen Yi-An , Park Jonguk , Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Kawashima Hitoshi , Mohsen Attayeb , Hosomi Koji , Tanisawa Kumpei , Ohno Harumi , Konishi Kana , Murakami Haruka , Miyachi Motohiko , Kunisawa Jun , Mizuguchi Kenji
Published: December 2020

With an ever-increasing interest in understanding the relationships between the microbiota and the host, more tools to map, analyze and interpret these relationships have been developed. Most of these tools, however, focus on taxonomic profiling and comparative analysis among groups, with very few analytical tools designed to correlate microbiota and the host phenotypic data. We have developed a software program for creating a web-based integrative database and analysis platform called MANTA (Microbiota And pheNoType correlation Analysis platform). In addition to storing the data, MANTA is equipped with an intuitive user interface that can be used to correlate the microbial composition with phenotypic parameters. Using a case study, we demonstrated that MANTA was able to quickly identify the significant correlations between microbial abundances and phenotypes that are supported by previous studies. Moreover, MANTA enabled the users to quick access locally stored data that can help interpret microbiota-phenotype relations. MANTA is available athttps://mizuguchilab.org/manta/for download and the source code can be found athttps://github.com/chenyian-nibio/manta.
Kick It: A Social History of the Drum Kit, Matt Brennan (2020)
Authors: Smith Gareth Dylan
Published: December 2020

Review of: Kick It: A Social History of the Drum Kit, Matt Brennan (2020)

New York: Oxford University Press, 371 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19-068387-0, p/bk, $29.95
Szerb hadifoglyok Bihar vármegyében, 1914–1920
Authors: Gorcsa Oszkár
Published: December 2020

The World War can be justifiably called the great seminal catastrophe of the 20th century, because the war that should have ended every further war, just disseminated the seeds of another cataclysm. From this point of view it is comprehensible why lots of historians deal with the named period. Numerous monographies and articles that deal with the destructing and stimulating eff ect of the Great War have seen the light of day. However, the mentioned works usually have serious defi cenceis, as most of them deal only with the battlefi elds, and a small proportion deals with the question of everyday life and hinterland, and the ordeals of the POWs are superfi cially described. In case of Hungary, the more serious researches related to POWs only started at the time of the centenary. This is why we can still read in some Serbian literatures about the people annihilating endeavors of the „huns” of Austria–Hungary. My choice of subject was therefore justified by the reasons outlined above. In my presentation I expound on briefly introducing the situations in the austro–hungarian POW camps. Furthermore, the presentation depicts in detail the everyday life, the medical and general treatment, clothing supply, the question of the minimal wages and working time of the prisoner labour forces. Lastly, I am depicting the problem of escapes and issues dealing POWs marriage and citizenship requests.
Reclaiming Native Hawaiian Knowledge Represented in Bird Taxonomies
Authors: Gomes Noah
Published: December 2020

This paper examines three examples of native bird classification systems historically used by the aboriginal peoples of the Hawaiian Islands. The goal is to better understand Indigenous linguistic hierarchies in the taxonomic structure and nomenclature systems that were formerly utilized by these colonized peoples. Three specific manuscripts from two native historians and a foreign naturalist are analyzed to better ascertain how these systems may have worked, despite the dearth of data on the comprehensive knowledge of bird hunters and ritual specialists. The utilitarian basis of these systems is shown to have potential practical application for the ongoing cultural and linguistic revitalization of the native Hawaiian people. The perspectives and reasoning behind these systems could be used as a tool for reviving traditional relationships with the unique ecosystems of Hawaiʻi. Further research in the large but diffuse archives of Hawaiian language manuscripts may eventually expand our understanding of Hawaiian folk systematics.
A TQM-bevezetés mint szervezetfejlesztés – eredmények és problémák
Authors: Bérczes Roland
Published: December 2020

Napjaink szervezeteinek és vállalatainak életében egyetlen dolog bizonyos: a folyamatos változás kihívások elé állítja őket. Jóval tanácsosabb tudatosan részt venni ezekben a változásokban, mint passzívan elszenvedni őket. Az általános vállalati menedzsmentfolyamatokat központba állító, s nem csupán a szimpla minőségbiztosítási felfogást képviselő TQM menedzsmentfilozófia alkalmazása mára az egyik széles körben elfogadott lehetősége lett a változásokra adható válaszoknak. A cikk azt mutatja be, hogy a TQM alkalmazásával mindenképpen együtt jár egy nagyfokú szervezeti változás, és ha ezt nem veszik figyelembe, kudarc lesz az eredmény. A vezetők szerepe, a szervezeti kultúra változása, a döntési folyamatok átalakítása, a felhatalmazás kereteinek kijelölése, valamint mindezek együttes koherenciája fontos szerepet játszanak abban, hogy elérjék a kitűzött célokat. A cikk rámutat arra, hogy – amint azt a modern menedzsmenttudomány mintegy százötven éves gyakorlata is igazolta – nem léteznek általános szervezetátalakítási elvek. Nem létezik e tekintetben "alapigazság"-elmélet, mely olyan általános elveket fogalmazhatna meg, melyek igazán segítik a valós problémák megoldását. Mindez persze nem jelenti a menedzsmenttudomány elméleteinek alapvető használhatatlanságát, viszont az alkalmazott menedzsmenttel nem fér össze. Nem léteznek általános "receptek" a változási folyamatok megvalósításához, a vállalatvezetés feladata, hogy ezeket kialakítsa és "akkor és ott" alkalmazza.
ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DOCENTE NOS ANOS INICIAIS E NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Rabelo Amanda
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata sobre o estágio supervisionado nos anos iniciais e na educação infantil, temá-tica por vezes desvalorizada na academia e pouco debatida frente a outras questões educacio-nais. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para a sistematização e organização da atual produ-ção de conhecimento sobre estágio supervisionado docente nestes segmentos de ensino no Brasil. Apresenta-se o levantamento bibliográfico do Estado da Arte das pesquisas sobre estágio supervisionado docente no Brasil nos segmentos de ensino citados de 1997 a 2017. O corpus eleito para esta pesquisa foi composto pelos trabalhos apresentados nas reuniões anuais da ANPED e pelos artigos registrados na base de dados Scielo-Brasil e permitiu iden-tificar as questões que emergem dos estudos sobre este assunto. Por fim, podemos afirmar que a temática foi pouco abordada em comparação com outras áreas de investigação da edu-cação neste período.
EM TEMPOS DE “FORMAÇÃO POR COMPETÊNCIAS”, REFLEXÕES SOBRE A UTILIDADE DO INÚTIL
Authors: Mascarello Celoy Aparecida , Rezer Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre o paradigma da formação por competências. O texto mobiliza argumentos em torno da utilidade dos conhecimentos inúteis articulados a noção de inovação na educação, considerando possíveis desdobramentos para o contexto escolar. Este estudo se caracterizou como pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo de natureza descritiva bibliográfica com uma abordagem qualitativa. Identificou-se que a “utilidade” do conhecimento tem sido um dos referenciais fundamentais utilizados pelas orientações da formação por competências. Tal filiação explicaria, segundo nossa análise, grande parte das limitações apresentadas pelas formulações do que vem se constituindo como uma Pedagogia das Competências no sentido de cumprir promessas e objetivos manifestos.
Long-Term Follow-up of Gastric Precancerous Lesions in a Low GC Incidence Area
Authors: Chapelle Nicolas , Péron Matthieu , Quénéhervé Lucille , Bourget Alice , Leroy Maxime , Touchefeu Yann , Cauchin Estelle , Coron Emmanuel , Mosnier Jean François , Matysiak-Budnik Tamara
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Data on the evolution of gastric precancerous lesions (GPL), especially in countries of a Low gastric cancer incidence area are limited. Our objective was to study a long-term evolution of GPL in France.

METHODS:

All the patients diagnosed with GPL (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia [IM], and dysplasia) between 2000 and 2015 and fulfilling criteria for evolution assessment (at least 2 endoscopies, minimal follow-up of 6 months, and at least 2 biopsies obtained from the antrum and corpus) were included. Clinical and endoscopic data were analyzed, and histological samples were reviewed by an expert pathologist with evaluation of the Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment stage and type of IM.

RESULTS:

From the 507 patients with GPL, 79 fulfilled the strict criteria. During a mean follow-up of 66 months, during which the patients had a mean number of 4 endoscopies (min–max: 2–21) with 9 biopsies/endoscopy, a stability was observed in 70% of patients. Progression occurred in 14% of patients, within a mean delay of 62.1 months (min–max: 17–99). Progression of the lesions was significantly higher in patients with incomplete type of IM (relative risk of progression for incomplete IM: 11.5; 95% confidence interval 2.5–53.1). Regression of IM occurred in 16% of the patients, after a mean delay of 90 months.

DISCUSSION:

This study shows that the patients with antrum-limited IM, especially of incomplete type, are at the highest risk of developing gastric cancer. In most patients, however, the lesions remain stable, which highlights the need for additional markers to better target the patients at risk of progression.
O RIACHO PAJEÚ E A CIDADE: ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA ANTRÓPICA NO CURSO DE UM RIO URBANO EM FORTALEZA, CEARÁ
Authors: Matos Fábio de Oliveira , Dutra Marcelo Gonçalves
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação do Riacho Pajeú no contexto da paisagem urbana da cidade de Fortaleza, Estado do Ceará, procurando compreender as complexas interações antrópicas com o curso do referido riacho em seus 4.714,50 metros oficialmente reconhecidos, desde a sua nascente no bairro da Aldeota até sua foz no litoral da região central da cidade, assim como a forma de convivência de seus habitantes com esse relevante recurso hídrico. Para tanto, foram analisados registros cartográficos e de sensoriamento remoto, procurando identificar o grau de degradação de seu curso original durante o processo de urbanização da Cidade, através da sistematização da análise das imagens obtidas. Ao final é apresentado uma imagem síntese do percurso do Riacho Pajeú na atualidade, expondo a condição de “invisibilidade” do referido curso hídrico no contexto do processo de urbanização da área central de Fortaleza, apesar de sua importância ambiental e histórica.
The Empirical Research of The Potential, Awareness and Current State of Agricultural Waste Use to Ensure Energy Autonomy of Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine
Authors: PRYSHLIAK Natalia , LUTSIAK Vitaliy , TOKARCHUK Dina , SEMCHUK Iryna
Published: December 2020

Today, the issues of waste management are complex, because they relate to various aspects – resource conservation, environmental safety of mankind, ensuring competitiveness at micro, macro and mega-levels. The study is devoted to the analysis of the potential, awareness and current state of use of agricultural waste to ensure energy autonomy of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine on the basis of the experimental study, conducted by the authors using a mixed method. The main tool in the study was the survey developed by the authors, which was filled out by the owners of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The development of the survey was accompanied by the authors' hypotheses regarding the need for energy autonomy of agrarian enterprises; main sources of information on opportunities and state support for energy use of waste; potential and current state of bioproduction in agrarian formations. Authors acknowledged that both the crop and livestock industries lead to the generation of waste that has the potential to produce biofuels (solid – pellets, briquettes; gaseous – biogas). The study confirmed that the costs for providing agrarian enterprises themselves with fuel and energy resources in Ukraine are quite high, and the bioenergy potential of waste to replace traditional energy resources is practically not used. Further studies will cover a range of questions regarding the extension of the geography of the survey to the whole territory of Ukraine, the specification of hypotheses based on the preliminary questionnaire, the hypothesis testing and the correlation between different indicators of the agrarian waste potential for biofuel production and the efficiency of substitution of traditional energy with biofuels.
Public Perception of the Main Constraints of Water Supply Shortage and the Availability of Water Supply Resources in Libya
Authors: HAMAD Jouda R. Jouda , Omar Omar , YAAKOB Wan Zuhairi W. , OMRAN Abdelnaser
Published: December 2020

Water is a key driver of economic and social development. It also has a basic function in maintaining the integrity of the natural environment. Bearing in mind that water is only one of a number of vital natural resources, it is imperative that water issues are not considered in isolation. Both public and private sector managers, have to make appropriate decisions on water allocation. Water shortage, which can extensively be comprehended as the absence of access to sufficient amounts of water for human and environmental uses.

This study aims at investigating the technical, financial, environmental and social constraints that affect water supply shortages in the study area. The results and findings were based on the 359 survey questionnaires that were collected and analysed using Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) Software version 16.0. Statistical analysis showed that all the Environmental, Technical and Financial research items were at the high and very high levels of acceptance and only all cultural research items were at a high level of acceptance. The empirical results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that the water supply management model fit indicates that the factors of this work are convenient and reasonably contribute to the performance of the water supply management model in the study area. This study has a number of recommendations for achieving sustainable water management and solving water shortage problems within the Libyan cities, such as Al Marj.
A Successful Treatment of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in an Adolescent Boy on Long-term Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report
Authors: Zvizdic Zlatan , Summers Angela , Moinuddin Zia , Van Dellen David , Pasic-Sefic Irmina , Skenderi Faruk , Vranic Semir , Augustine Titus
Published: December 2020

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare life-threatening complication associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). EPS is characterized by progressive fibrosis and sclerosis of the peritoneum, with the formation of a membrane and tethering of loops of the small intestine resulting in intestinal obstruction. It is very rare in children. We present a case of a 16-year-old adolescent boy who developed EPS seven years after being placed on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) complicated by several episodes of bacterial peritonitis. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological, intraoperative and histopathological findings. The patient was successfully treated with surgical enterolysis. During a 7-year follow-up, there have been no further episodes of small bowel obstruction documented. He still continues to be on regular hemodialysis and is awaiting a deceased donor kidney transplant. EPS is a long-term complication of peritoneal dialysis and is typically seen in adults. Rare cases may be seen in the pediatric population and require an appropriate surgical approach that is effective and lifesaving for these patients.
(Post)archaiczność obrazu
Authors: Borowicz Sebastian
Published: December 2020

The proximity of the late archaic Greek philosophical breakthrough and postmodernity relies on the analogy of a media and intellectual revolution that takes place in both periods. Greek culture of the 6th and early 5th century BCE gradually moves from orality to literacy, from performativity and affection towards an intellectual view of the world and reflective being, from a world that is shared with non-human beings to the world of human monody. Modernity, however, seems to reverse these trends. Nevertheless, we do not go into the past but reach a higher level of archaicity. From this point of view, postmodernity becomes postarchaicity; this is a chance that in the moment of historical contiguity, vivisection of our culture will reveal still active common places, allowing us to explore images before the metaphysical era. The starting point of the analysis is the question“What is the image?” posed by Maurice Blanchot and his extremely insightful answer to this question.
Die kontextuelle und personenbedingte Konzilsrezeption in Polen
Authors: Polak Mieczysław
Published: December 2020

Artykuł porusza kwestię recepcji nauczania Soboru Watykańskiego II w Polsce. Jest to refleksja duszpasterska, która wskazuje na kontekst społeczno-kulturowy i znaczenie w tym procesie osobowości kościelnych. W pierwszej części niniejszego artykułu podjęto próbę podkreślenia kulturowo-społecznego i politycznego kontekstu recepcji Soboru w Polsce. Stanowią go dwa okresy posoborowej historii Kościoła polskiego – przed przełomem 1989 roku i po nim. Druga część ma ukazać drugi czynnik charakterystyczny dla recepcji Soboru, a mianowicie znaczenie wiodących osobistości kościelnych.
Caracterización climática y variabilidad de temperatura superficial de la llanura costera de Nayarit y su teleconexión con ENSO y PDO
Authors: González Areli Nájera , Carrillo González Fátima Maciel , González Oyolsi Nájera , Dagostino Rosa María Chávez
Published: December 2020

Para entender el cambio climático se debe estudiar la variabilidad climática, esta se centra en denotar aquellos comportamientos del estado del tiempo considerados fuera de lo normal y su relación con la variación natural del planeta, como el fenómeno El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) y la Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico (PDO). El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la variabilidad climática de un fragmento de la llanura costera del estado de Nayarit, México, área predominante de cobertura manglar, l agunas y uso agropecuario. La investigación se expone en tres partes: caracterización climática, análisis de variabilidad (anual, mensual e interdecadal) y su teleconexión con índices ENSO y PDO. La variación interdecadal demostró un aumento de la temperatura mínima, disminución de la temperatura máxima y disminución de precipitación en las últimas dos décadas. Se encontró 30% de correlación con ENSO (las correlaciones más altas en los meses de verano) y 25% con PDO.
Understanding Causality Relation among FDI, Foreign Trade and Economic Growth
Authors: Saimul Saimul , Darmawan Arif
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the causality relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Trade, and Economic Growth in Indonesia using quarterly time-series data from Q1-2004 to Q2-2019. This study uses co-analytical techniques, VECM integration, and Engle-Granger causality. The results of a two-way causality test happen between export and GDP variables, as well as import and GDP variables. In other words, foreign trade has an essential role in increasing economic growth in Indonesia. However, the two-way causality relationship takes place only in the short term. In the long run, it does not occur; what happens in the long term is an only one-way relationship, namely from foreign trade (X and M) to economic growth. While export and import relations have an only one-way relationship, namely from import growth to export growth, and this relationship only happens in the short term. In contrast, in the long term, it has no significant relationship. Likewise, the one-way relationship also takes place from imports to FDI in the short term. At the same time, export variables and GDP variables do not have a significant relationship with FDI variables. In the long-term economic growth, it turns out to be very instrumental in increasing both FDI, exports, and imports.