bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative Effect of Lapatinib in HER2-Positive and HER2-Negative/HER3-High Breast Cancer: Results of the Presurgical Randomized MAPLE Trial (CRUK E/06/039)
Authors: Leary Alexandra , Evans Abigail , Johnston Stephen R.D. , A'Hern Roger , Bliss Judith M. , Sahoo Rashmita , Detre Simone , Haynes Benjamin P. , Hills Margaret , Harper-Wynne Catherine , Bundred Nigel , Coombes Gill , Smith Ian , Dowsett Mitch
Published: November 2014

Purpose: Not all breast cancers respond to lapatinib. A change in Ki67 after short-term exposure may elucidate a biomarker profile for responsive versus nonresponsive tumors.

Experimental Design: Women with primary breast cancer were randomized (3:1) to 10 to 14 days of preoperative lapatinib or placebo in a multicenter phase II trial (ISRCTN68509377). Biopsies pre-/posttreatment were analyzed for Ki67, apoptosis, HER2, EGFR, ER, PgR, pAKT, pERK, and stathmin by IHC. Further markers were measured by RT-PCR. Primary endpoint was change in Ki67. HER2+ was defined as 2+/3+ by IHC and FISH+.

Results: One hundred twenty-one patients (lapatinib, 94; placebo, 27) were randomized; of these, 21% were HER2+, 78% were HER2− nonamplified, 26% were EGFR+. Paired samples containing tumor were obtained for 98% (118 of 121). Ki67 fell significantly with lapatinib (−31%; P < 0.001), but not with placebo (−3%). Whereas Ki67 reduction with lapatinib was greatest in HER2+ breast cancer (−46%; P = 0.003), there was a significant Ki67 decrease in HER2− breast cancer (−27%; P = 0.017) with 14% of HER2− breast cancer demonstrating ≥50% Ki67 reduction with lapatinib. Among HER2+ patients, the only biomarker predictive of Ki67 response was the EGFR/HER4 ligand epiregulin (EREG) (rho = −0.7; P = 0.002). Among HER2− tumors, only HER3 mRNA levels were significantly associated with Ki67 response on multivariate analysis (P = 0.01). In HER2− breast cancer, HER2 and HER3 mRNA levels were highly correlated (rho = 0.67, P < 0.001), with all Ki67 responders having elevated HER3 and HER2 expression.

Conclusions: Lapatinib has antiproliferative effects in a subgroup of HER2− nonamplified tumors characterized by high HER3 expression. The possible role of high HER2:HER3 heterodimers in predicting response to lapatinib merits investigation in HER2− tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 2932–40. ©2014 AACR.

See related commentary by Campbell and Moasser, p. 2886
Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Defective CYP3A4 Variants Predictive of Paclitaxel Dose-Limiting Neuropathy
Authors: Apellániz-Ruiz María , Lee Mi-Young , Sánchez-Barroso Lara , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Gerardo , Calvo Isabel , García-Estévez Laura , Sereno María , García-Donás Jesús , Castelo Beatriz , Guerra Eva , Leandro-García Luis J. , Cascón Alberto , Johansson Inger , Robledo Mercedes , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus , Rodríguez-Antona Cristina
Published: November 2014

Purpose: Paclitaxel, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, can cause peripheral neuropathies leading to dose reductions and treatment suspensions and decreasing the quality of life of patients. It has been suggested that genetic variants altering paclitaxel pharmacokinetics increase neuropathy risk, but the major causes of interindividual differences in susceptibility to paclitaxel toxicity remain unexplained. We carried out a whole-exome sequencing (WES) study to identify genetic susceptibility variants associated with paclitaxel neuropathy.

Experimental Design: Blood samples from 8 patients with severe paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy were selected for WES. An independent cohort of 228 cancer patients with complete paclitaxel neuropathy data was used for variant screening by DHPLC and association analysis. HEK293 cells were used for heterologous expression and characterization of two novel CYP3A4 enzymes.

Results: WES revealed 2 patients with rare CYP3A4 variants, a premature stop codon (CYP3A4*20 allele) and a novel missense variant (CYP3A4*25, p.P389S) causing reduced enzyme expression. Screening for CYP3A4 variants in the independent cohort revealed three additional CYP3A4*20 carriers, and two patients with missense variants exhibiting diminished enzyme activity (CYP3A4*8 and the novel CYP3A4*27 allele, p.L475V). Relative to CYP3A4 wild-type patients, those carrying CYP3A4 defective variants had more severe neuropathy (2- and 1.3-fold higher risk of neuropathy for loss-of-function and missense variants, respectively, P = 0.045) and higher probability of neuropathy-induced paclitaxel treatment modifications (7- and 3-fold higher risk for loss-of-function and missense variants, respectively, P = 5.9 × 10−5).

Conclusion: This is the first description of a genetic marker associated with paclitaxel treatment modifications caused by neuropathy. CYP3A4 defective variants may provide a basis for paclitaxel treatment individualization. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 322–8. ©2014 AACR.
Rhetorics of Land and Power in the Polla Inscription (CIL I2 638)
Authors: Bernard Seth G. , Damon Cynthia , Grey Campbell
Published: November 2014

The famous inscription from Polla reporting a Roman magistrate’s management of problems and opportunities in Italian and provincial contexts is a perennial tease: its information is rich but contradictory. In this paper we accept a second centurybcedate for the inscription and the events it reports but leave the much discussed question of the dedicator’s identity aside in order to focus on the inscription’s rhetoric: by looking at the grounds on which the magistrate claims the esteem of his audience, rather than at how the information he provides ‘is consistent with’ some other set of facts, be it an individual career or a war or a political movement, we gain a clearer understanding of his message and intended audience or audiences. What emerges, we suggest, is a magistrate presenting himself as the ‘face’ of Roman hegemony in southern Italy and Sicily, and in the process revealing the complex processes of cooperation and domination, negotiation and concession that were fundamental to Roman hegemony in that period. More particularly, we argue for the relevance of our magistrate’s actions in Sicily to his reception in Lucania, despite the different status of the two areas vis-à-vis the Roman state.
The Dark Serpent
Authors: Shearin W. H.
Published: November 2014

After reviewing current suggestions for improving the text of Lucr. 3.658, this article argues for accepting Marullus’ serpentem and emending line-final utrumque to et atro. These proposals, the author contends, significantly improve the syntax of a corrupt line that nevertheless has been retained unaltered in several recent texts of the Epicurean poet. As various parallels show, the newly suggested ater is a particularly appropriate term for characterizing the menacing serpent of Lucretius’ poem.
A Popular Consul’s Claptrap and the Sequence of Tenses. The Text and Rhetorical Significance of Cicero, De lege agraria 2.7
Authors: Wisse Jakob
Published: November 2014

The starting point of this article is a textual problem at the beginning of §7 of Agr. 2 (Cicero’s first consular contio), where he claims that he will be a people’s man (popularis). A close examination of the role of attraction in the sequence of tenses shows that the transmitted text is almost certainly wrong. An emendation is proposed, which also gives the sentence a rhythmical ending. An analysis of Cicero’s strategy in the speech, and of the role that the sentence plays in it, suggests that such a marked clausula is appropriate and contributes, together with other formal features, to making the sentence a ‘claptrap’, designed to elicit approval from the contional audience.
Sensory Substitution for Balance Control Using a Vestibular-to-Tactile Device
Authors: Diot Bruno , Halavackova Petra , Demongeot Jacques , Vuillerme Nicolas
Published: November 2014

Postural control is essential for most activities of daily living. The impairment of this function can be extremely disabling. This work was stimulated by the testimony of a bilateral partial foot amputee who describes his difficulty in maintaining balance while washing his hair in the shower. We postulated that if the postural control system could not rely on accurate and reliable somatosensory inputs from the foot and ankle, as is probably the case following bilateral foot amputation due to the loss of the foot afferents and efferents, the weight of visual and vestibular cues would increase. We therefore assessed if a vestibular-to-tactile sensory substitution device could compensate for this impairment. Two separate experiments were conducted. Experiment 1: The effect of a vestibular-to-tongue tactile biofeedback balance system on the postural stability of this amputee was tested (on a force platform) and compared with a non-amputated, matched control group. The results showed that use of the biofeedback reduced centre of foot (CoP) displacement in all subjects but more spectacularly in the amputee. Experiment 2: The effect of the biofeedback was tested in 16 young healthy adults following a protocol of ankle muscle fatigue (known to alter ankle neuromuscular function and to perturb the control of bipedal posture). The results showed a significant decrease in CoP displacement compared with the control, non-biofeedback condition and a significantly greater effect of the biofeedback in the fatigue than the non-fatigue condition. Taken together, the results of these two studies suggest that an individual with double partial foot amputation was able to improve his balance control thanks to the use of a vestibular-to-tongue tactile biofeedback balance system and that young healthy individuals were able to take advantage of it to reduce the postural destabilisation induced by plantar-flexor muscle fatigue. Further studies are however necessary to confirm this in larger numbers of impaired persons as well as to assess the effectiveness in dynamic situations.
Designing Public–Private Partnerships for Development
Authors: Stadtler Lea
Published: November 2014

This dissertation abstract and the reflection commentary present the work done by Dr. Lea Stadtler. Comprising four articles, the dissertation explores the challenge of designing successful public–private partnerships (PPPs) for development and contributes to the discourse on partnerships and business engagement in society. Article I adopts the company perspective and develops a conceptual framework for interest alignment in PPPs for development. Based on a theoretical analysis, Article II examines the role that different structures play in handling common design challenges. Articles III and IV are empirical: The former analyzes how partners cope with tensions occurring on the PPP’s boundaries, while Article IV explores the roles of broker organizations, which increasingly facilitate the partnering process of PPPs for development. This extended dissertation abstract introduces the dissertation’s research focus and summarizes each article’s research question, methods, and main findings. The reflection commentary in the appendix discusses the author’s views of her dissertation journey as a junior scholar and the research process.
The influence of fiber diameter, fabric attributes and environmental conditions on wetness sensations of next-to-skin knitwear
Authors: McGregor Bruce A , Stanton John , Beilby John , Speijers Jane , Tester David
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the relationships between the sensations of sweaty, damp, muggy and clingy, as assessed by human response from wearer trial garment assessment, and fiber type, fiber, yarn and fabric properties and instrumental fabric measurements of next-to-skin knitwear. Wearer trial assessment of 48 fabrics followed a strict 60 minute protocol including a range of environmental conditions and levels of exercise. Adjusted mean weighted scores were determined using linked garments. Instrumental fabric handle measurements were determined with the Wool HandleMeter (WHM) and Wool ComfortMeter. Data were analyzed using forward stepwise general linear modeling. Mean fiber diameter (MFD) affected the sweaty, damp, muggy and clingy sensation responses accounting for between 23.5% and 56.2% of the variance of these sensations. In all cases, finer fibers were associated with lower sensation scores (preferred). There were also effects of fiber type upon sweaty, muggy and clingy scores, with polyester fiber fabrics having higher scores (less preferred) compared with fabrics composed of wool, particularly for peak sweaty scores in hot and active environments. Attributes such as fabric density, yarn linear density, knitting structure and finishing treatments, but not fabric thickness, accounted for some further variance in these attributes once MFD had been taken into account. This is explained as finer fibers have a greater surface area for any given mass of fiber and so finer fibers can act as a more effective sink for moisture compared with coarser fibers. No fabric handle parameter or other attribute of fiber diameter distribution was significant in affecting these sensation scores.
Where You Sit Is Where You Stand
Authors: Rubin Ellen V. , Pérez Chiqués Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

In his challenge to equity theory, Leventhal argued that individuals consider other forms of fairness in social interactions, especially procedural justice. Leventhal then suggested that perceptions of procedural justice may vary according to one’s role in the organization. Within this context, this article considers if there are differences between managers’ and employees’ perceptions of procedural justice, and how any differences result in different organizational attitudes. Overall, the findings indicate that managers as a group exhibit significantly higher perceptions of procedural justice compared with employees, but differences in organizational outcomes are inconsistent and deserve further study.
A contribution for the improvement in thermal insulation of tabique walls coated with metal corrugated sheets
Authors: Cunha Sandra , Pinto Jorge , Paiva Anabela , Briga-Sá Ana , Soares Nuno , Varum Humberto , Ferreira Débora
Published: November 2014

Tabique is a traditional Portuguese building technique using timber and earth and was intensively applied until the 20th century. There is an impressive tabique heritage that requires maintenance and rehabilitation interventions. Taking into account the facts that technical and scientific publications related to this particular technique are lacking and that the technique is also applied worldwide, this research work is a very relevant one. This study aims at studying the thermal insulation behaviour of tabique walls and in particular, tabique walls coated using metal corrugated sheets and thermally reinforced with an insulation material. This type of building component is initially characterized and some building details concerning the metal corrugated sheet coating are described. An experimental work was conducted to determine the thermal transmission coefficient of the tabique wall samples. It was concluded that providing the tabique wall coated with metal corrugated sheets with a 3 cm extruded polystyrene board results in a thermal insulation improvement of 61%. These results revealed that the thermal insulation reinforcement of tabique walls is possible and it may be a straightforward building procedure because it can be achieved using the thermal insulation building materials that are currently being used. Therefore, the thermal insulation reinforcement of tabique walls seems feasible. Furthermore, the thermal insulation parameters obtained in this study are similar to the ones obtained for currently applied walls solutions in new buildings. This technical fact may provide guidance for the possibility of using solutions used in old buildings to meet the thermal comfort requirements expected in today’s times. The knowledge gained will also be useful to support future proposals of energy rehabilitation solutions.

Practical implications: In this article, tabique construction and its relevance worldwide are discussed. This article highlights the building details concerning the use of metal corrugated sheet coating on tabique walls and evaluates the thermal insulation behaviour of this wall system. The outcomes indicate that it is possible to improve the thermal insulation of a tabique wall. The data obtained in this study may be valuable for repairing tabique walls and may also inspire innovative building solutions in modern industrial practice.
Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Hallgren Emily Ann , McElfish Pearl Anna , Rubon-Chutaro Jellesen
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This study investigates the beliefs and perceptions related to type 2 diabetes that influence diabetes self-management behaviors for Marshallese in the United States. Using the health belief model as a theoretical framework, the researchers seek to better understand the underlying beliefs that motivate or impede diabetes self-management behaviors.

Methods

The community-based participatory research (CBPR) collaborative engaged in 14 months of preliminary fieldwork and conducted 2 tiers of focus groups for this project as part of the long-term commitment to reducing health inequalities in the Marshallese community. The CBPR team conducted an initial round of 2 exploratory focus groups (n = 15). Based on the knowledge gained, researchers held a second round of focus groups (n = 13) on health beliefs regarding diabetes. All participants were Marshallese, aged 18 years and older, and included men and women. Participants either had a diagnosis of diabetes or were a caretaker of someone with diabetes.

Results

The findings elucidate the structural and nonstructural barriers to successful diabetes self-management for Marshallese in the United States. Barriers include eating differently from the rest of the family, social stigma of diabetes, transportation, cost, lack of access to health care, and cultural and language barriers.

Conclusions

While there are significant barriers to improving diabetes self-management, there are also areas of opportunity, including family and peer reinforcement to encourage proper diabetes management behaviors and a growing community desire to lift the stigma of diabetes. The CBPR team offers recommendations to make diabetes management interventions more culturally appropriate and effective for the Marshallese population.
The role of family experiences for adolescents’ readiness to use and participate in illegal political activity
Authors: Glatz Terese , Dahl Viktor
Published: November 2014

This study used reactance theory as a starting point to explain what role a perceived undemocratic and controlling family has for adolescents’ readiness to use illegal political activity. Additionally, we examined whether adolescents’ readiness to use illegal political means was related to actual political behaviour, which has been lacking in research. Data came from a longitudinal sample of 424 younger ( Mage = 13.44) and 296 older ( Mage = 16.62) adolescents collected in a mid-sized city in Sweden. Results showed that adolescents who perceived their families as undemocratic and controlling increased in readiness to use illegal political means over time. In addition, but only for older adolescents, readiness was associated with an increase in actual political behaviour. The findings highlight the role a perceived family environment has on adolescents’ development of political values and behaviours in today’s democratic societies.
Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology
Authors: Morrison James P. , Sharma Alok K. , Rao Deepa , Pardo Ingrid D. , Garman Robert H. , Kaufmann Wolfgang , Bolon Brad
Published: November 2014

A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on “Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology” presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assess potential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional–structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict behavioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that specimens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detailed demographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussed the appearance, unknown functional effects, and potential relevance to humans of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–associated vacuoles within the choroid plexus epithelium of animals. Speakers provided real-world examples of challenges with data extrapolation among species or with study design considerations that may impact the interpretability of results. Translational neuroscience will be bolstered in the future as less invasive and/or more quantitative techniques are devised for linking overt functional deficits to subtle anatomic and chemical lesions.
Effect of microwave pre-treatment of thickened waste activated sludge on biogas production from co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, thickened waste activated sludge and municipal sludge
Authors: Ara E , Sartaj M , Kennedy K
Published: November 2014

Anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, with thickened waste activated sludge and primary sludge has the potential to enhance biodegradation of solid waste, increase longevity of existing landfills and lead to more sustainable development by improving waste to energy production. This study reports on mesophilic batch and continuous studies using different concentrations and combinations (ratios) of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, thickened waste activated sludge (microwave pre-treated and untreated) and primary sludge to assess the potential for improved biodegradability and specific biogas production. Improvements in specific biogas production for batch assays, with concomitant improvements in total chemical oxygen demand and volatile solid removal, were obtained with organic fraction of municipal solid waste:thickened waste activated sludge:primary sludge mixtures at a ratio of 50:25:25 (with and without thickened waste activated sludge microwave pre-treatment). This combination was used for continuous digester studies. At 15 d hydraulic retention times, the co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste:organic fraction of municipal solid waste:primary sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste:thickened waste activated sludge microwave:primary sludge resulted in a 1.38- and 1.46-fold increase in biogas production and concomitant waste stabilisation when compared with thickened waste activated sludge:primary sludge (50:50) and thickened waste activated sludge microwave:primary sludge (50:50) digestion at the same hydraulic retention times and volumetric volatile solid loading rate, respectively. The digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste with primary sludge and thickened waste activated sludge provides beneficial effects that could be implemented at municipal wastewater treatment plants that are operating at loading rates of less than design capacity.
Carbon dioxide capture utilizing zeolites synthesized with paper sludge and scrap-glass
Authors: Espejel-Ayala F , Corella R Chora , Pérez A Morales , Pérez-Hernández R , Ramírez-Zamora RM
Published: November 2014

The present work introduces the study of the CO2 capture process by zeolites synthesized from paper sludge and scrap glass. Zeolites ZSM-5, analcime and wairakite were produced by means of two types of Structure Directing Agents (SDA): tetrapropilamonium (TPA) and ethanol. On the one hand, zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized using TPA; on the other hand, analcime and wairakite were produced with ethanol. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique was performed for determining the CO2 sorption capacity of these zeolites at two sorption temperatures: 50 and 100°C. CO2 sorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 synthesized at 50°C was 0.683 mmol/g representing 38.2% of the value measured for a zeolite ZSM-5 commercial. Zeolite analcime showed a higher CO2 sorption capacity (1.698 mmol/g) at 50°C and its regeneration temperature was relatively low. Zeolites synthesized in this study can be used in the purification of biogas and this will produce energy without increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
A polymorphism (-455G>A) in the β-fibrinogen gene is associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction in the Chinese population: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Sai-Yu , Zhao Yan-Dong , Zeng Jun-Wei , Chen Xiao-Yan , Wang Ruo-Dan
Published: November 2014

Background:

Previous studies have investigated the association between a polymorphism (-455G>A) in the β-fibrinogen gene and the risk of cerebral infarction. However, these results are controversial. To shed light on these inconclusive findings, we performed a meta-analysis of studies relating the β-fibrinogen genetic polymorphism (-455G>A) to the risk of cerebral infarction.

Methods:

We identified literature published before July 2013 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI) and the Wanfang database in China and by reviewing the references of retrieved articles. We included studies that reported odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between the β-fibrinogen genetic polymorphism and cerebral infarction risk. Publication bias was tested by a funnel plot, and the OR of all studies were combined dependent on the results of the heterogeneity tests among the individual studies. The software Review Manager (Version 5.2) was used for meta-analysis.

Results:

Twenty independent case-control studies containing 9477 subjects were included. Our results showed that the -455G>A polymorphism in the β-fibrinogen gene was associated with the increased risk of cerebral infarction [(AA+GA) vs. GG, OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.04–1.31, p=0.008; A vs. G, OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.01–1.23, p=0.03] in the Chinese population by a meta-analysis. However, we did not find this association in the Caucasian population [(AA+GA) vs. GG, OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.87–1.11, p=0.84; A vs. G, OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.84–1.13, p=0.73, respectively].

Conclusion:

The results of our meta-analysis indicate that the -455G>A polymorphism in the β-fibrinogen gene is a susceptibility marker of ischemic cerebral infarction in the Chinese population.
Balancing Incentives and Professionalism in Health Care Payment Reform
Authors: Meisenberg Barry
Published: November 2014

Through the frame of medical professionalism, the author discusses the reform of oncology practice in terms of protecting patients and society at large from financial harm caused by high medical costs.
End-of-Life Care for Blood Cancers: A Series of Focus Groups With Hematologic Oncologists
Authors: Odejide Oreofe O. , Salas Coronado Diana Y. , Watts Corey D. , Wright Alexi A. , Abel Gregory A.
Published: November 2014

The authors' analysis suggests that hematologic oncologists need better clinical markers of when to initiate end-of-life care.
ASPIRE: Teachers and researchers working together to enhance student learning
Authors: Garay Lollie , Wotkyns Anna Marie , Lowry Kate E. , Warburton Janet , Alderkamp Anne-Carlijn , Yager Patricia L.
Published: November 2014

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines have become key focus areas in the education community of the United States. Newly adopted across the nation, Next Generation Science Standards require that educators embrace innovative approaches to teaching. Transforming classrooms to actively engage students through a combination of knowledge and practice develops conceptual understanding and application skills. The partnerships between researchers and educators during the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) offer an example of how academic research can enhance K-12 student learning. In this commentary, we illustrate how ASPIRE teacher–scientist partnerships helped engage students with actual and virtual authentic scientific investigations. Crosscutting concepts of research in polar marine science can serve as intellectual tools to connect important ideas about ocean and climate science for the public good.
c-type Lysozymes: what do their introns hide?
Authors: Jollès Pierre
Published: November 2014

The introns of five c-type lysozymes were translated into amino acid sequences: parts of them corresponded to fragments of biologically active proteins. The amino acid sequences of translated introns seem to have a similar behavior as those arising from exons.
The Relationship Between Teresa of Avila and Philip II: A Reading of the Extant Textual Evidence
Authors: Slade Carole
Published: November 2014

Die Unbeschuhten Karmeliter wiesen in ihrer Gründungsgeschichte dem persönlichen Verhältnis zwischen Theresa von Avila und Philipp II. eine wichtige Rolle zu. Über das Verhältnis von Philipp und Theresa liegen uns heute nur noch vier Briefe vor, die wiederholt als Ausdruck einer persönlichen Beziehung oder zumindest einer persönlichen Korrespondenz angesehen wurden. Demgegenüber kommt der Beitrag zu dem Ergebnis, daß die vorhandenen Quellen diese Auffassung nicht stützen. Philipp II. war nicht der einzige und möglicherweise noch nicht einmal der Hauptadressat der Briefe. Dennoch waren die Briefe einflußreich, weil sie die Unbeschuhten Karmeliter ermutigten, Rivalen einschüchterten und Hofbeamte und Adelige für die Sache einnahmen. Es muß davon ausgegangen werden, daß Theresa von Avila nur über adelige Freunde am Hof Einfluß auf den König nehmen konnte und daß keine persönliche Beziehung zwischen Philipp und Theresa bestand.
Confessionalization and Social Discipline in France, 1530–1685
Authors: Farr James R.
Published: November 2014

Die Forschung war bis vor kurzem der Auffassung, die Konfessionalisierungsthese sei auf Frankreich nicht anwendbar. Die Untersuchungen zur franzö sischen Religionsgeschichte, die in den letzten zehn Jahren vorgelegt wurden, zwingen jedoch zu einer Überprüfung dieser Einschä tzung. Das gibt Anlaß zu dem Vorschlag, das Konfessionalisierungskonzept für Frankreich auf der Grundlage der Thesen John Bossys zu operationalisieren: Wä hrend die Konfessionalisierungsthese sich auf Mitteleuropa zwischen 1560 und 1650 konzentriert, muß der Zeitrahmen für die Untersuchung des franzö sischen Falls auf die Jahre 1530-1685 ausgedehnt werden. Diese Phase ist - trotz einer weitgehend konstanten Katholisierungspolitik des Staates - geprägt von der (Ko-)Existenz zweier Konfessionen. Diese im Edikt von Nantes festgeschriebene Bikonfessionalität beruhte auf praktischen und politischen Notwendigkeiten. Unter dem Blickwinkel des Konfessionalisierungskonzepts stellt sich die Frage, wie es der hugenottischen Bewegung im 16.Jahrhundert gelang, gegen den Widerstand der Krone und der katholischen Kirche eine institutionalisierte Konfessionskirche mit entsprechendem Selbstverstä ndnis auszubilden - eine Frage, die sich auch für die dévots des 17.Jahrhunderts stellt.
Confessionalization and Social Discipline in the Iberian World
Authors: Poska Allyson M.
Published: November 2014

Dieser Beitrag beschä ftigt sich mit den Anwendungsmö glichkeiten des Konfessionalisierungsparadigmas auf die katholische Reform in Spanien, wobei er sich an den von Wolfgang Reinhard vorgeschlagenen sieben Methoden der Konfessionalisierung orientiert. Auf dieser Grundlage sieht die Autorin ein hohes Erklä rungspotential des Konfessionalisierungskonzepts für die Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Spanien.
The Rise and Fall of a Savonarolan Visionary: Lucia Brocadelli’s Contribution to the Piagnone Movement
Authors: Herzig Tamar
Published: November 2014

Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt die Rolle Lucia Brocadellis bei der Entstehung und Ausbreitung der von Girolamo Savonarola begründeten Reform- und Frömmigkeitsbewegung. Ihre Übersiedlung von Viterbo nach Ferrara stand in engem Zusammenhang mit Ercole d’Este, einem einflußreichen Anhänger Savonarolas. Bisher von der Historiographie nicht beachtete Quellen machen deutlich, daß Lucia Brocadelli eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Entstehung des Savonarola-Kultes in Ferrara zu Beginn des 16.||Jahrhunderts spielte. Nach dem Tod Ercole d’Estes im Jahr 1505 verlor sie jedoch ihren Einfluß. Lucias Beitrag zur savonarolischen Reformbewegung wurde von der späteren Geschichtsschreibung ignoriert, so daß man die frühen Quellen dieser Reformbewegung untersuchen muß, um ihre Bedeutung abschätzen zu können.
Iconoclasm and Theology in Reformation Transylvania: The Iconography of the Polyptych of the Church at Biertan
Authors: Crăciun Maria
Published: November 2014

Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Bewertung religiöser Kunst in Transsylvanien vor und während der Reformation. Am Beispiel der Kirche von Biertan wird aufgezeigt, wie der mittelalterliche Katholizismus allmählich in die Reformation überging und wie sich dabei die religiösen Vorstellungen und Frömmigkeitsformen in einer ländlichen Gesellschaft wandelten. Der Artikel konzentriert sich auf den Altar der Kirche von Biertan, um die Rolle religiöser Bilder im Prozeß der Reformation herauszuarbeiten: Für die Entfernung bzw. Erhaltung mittelalterlicher Bilder im Kirchenraum war nicht nur die Differenzierung in Heiligen- und Andachtsbilder einerseits und erzählende und belehrende Bilder andererseits von Bedeutung. Vielmehr wurde genau auf die theologische Aussage der religiösen Kunst geachtet: Bilder, die vom Luthertum zurückgewiesene Glaubensinhalte der mittelalterlichen Kirche ausdrückten, wurden entfernt oder übertüncht.
Apocalypticism and Thomas Müntzer
Authors: McLaughlin R. Emmet
Published: November 2014

Thomas Müntzer wird häufig als Apokalyptiker bezeichnet. Dieses Mißverständnis resultiert vor allem aus der Ungenauigkeit, mit der die Forschung den Begriff „apokalyptisch“ verwendet. Daher wird eine präzise Definition des Begriffs vorgeschlagen, die sich aus der Offenbarung des Johannes ableitet. Legt man eine solche Definition zugrunde, so wird man Müntzers Schriften weder im Hinblick auf ihr Genre noch ihr Weltbild oder ihren Umgang mit der Bibel als „apokalyptisch“ bezeichnen können. Darüber hinaus berief sich Müntzer nicht auf apokalyptische Traditionen und schuf auch keine apokalyptische Gemeinschaft. Vielmehr sah er sich als Prophet in der Tradition Elias, Jesajas, Jeremias, Hesekiels und Johannes des Täufers. Daraus resultiert ein gewandeltes Verständnis von Müntzer, der als Prophet das erneuerte Königreich Gottes, nicht aber das bevorstehende Weltende vorhersagte.
Ambiguous Liaisons: Catholic Women’s Relationships with their Confessors in Early Modern England
Authors: Seguin Colleen M.
Published: November 2014

Es ist unbestritten, daß Frauen entscheidend zum Überleben der katholischen Kirche in England beitrugen, indem sie in ihren Häusern Priester versteckten. Durch literaturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen sind wir gut über die Stereotypen unterrichtet, die die antikatholische Propaganda über das Verhältnis zwischen Frauen und Klerikern konstruierte. Die konkreten Zusammenhänge sind jedoch noch weitgehend unerforscht. Das will der vorliegende Beitrag ändern, indem er von Klerikern verfaßte „Lebensgeschichten“ katholischer Frauen, kirchliche Korrespondenzen und die Berichte verschiedener Regierungsbehörden analysiert. Die Untersuchung von vier Fällen (Margaret Clitherow und John Mush; Anne, Countess of Arundel, und Robert Southwell, S. J.; Anne Vaux und Henry Garnet, S.J.; Dorothy Lawson und William Palmes, S. J.) macht deutlich, daß sich häufig enge und komplexe Beziehungen zwischen katholischen Frauen und ihren Beichtvätern entwickelten, die durchaus in der Lage waren, den frühmodernen Patriarchalismus einzuschränken.
Religion and Popular Literate Culture in England
Authors: Fox Adam
Published: November 2014

Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick über neuere Forschungen zum Thema „Religion und literale Kultur des Volkes“ im frühneuzeitlichen England. Zunächst wird die Entwicklung des niederen Schulwesens und der Anstieg der Literalität im 16. und 17.||Jahrhundert in den Blick genommen. Danach konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf die preisgünstigen Druckerzeugnisse, die in großer Zahl im frühmodernen England gedruckt und gelesen wurden. Im Ergebnis wird die gegenwärtige Forschung erhärtet, derzufolge diese protestantischen Druckschriften erheblichen Einfluß auf die Volksreligiosität hatten und wesentlich zum langfristigen Erfolg der englischen Reformation beitrugen. Als nächstes wären Leserschaft und Rezeption dieser Texte genauer zu analysieren.
Bildungschancen für Frauen und Mädchen im interkonfessionellen Vergleich
Authors: Conrad Anne
Published: November 2014

The Reformation and confessionalization significantly influenced education - both at the elementary and higher levels, and also from the perspective of gender history. The confessional foundation of all education resulted in the requirement of strict separation of the sexes. In connection with the view of women held at the time, a concept of religiously oriented girls’ education developed that clearly departed from the late medieval coeducational, pragmatic transmission of knowledge. The new concept shaped education into modern times. The overseers of education were, in Protestant territories, secular governments who were bound to the ecclesiastical ordinances, and in Catholic lands religious orders (among others, the Jesuits and Ursulines) and confraternities. A comparison of the confessions shows for the lower level of instruction, which had close ties with catechization, more common features than differences. By contrast, more advanced education for girls reveals clear distinctions. A central and confessionally significant moment was that of orientation toward the pedagogical tradition of the women’s cloisters, chapters, and religious communities. The new Catholic women’s orders could achieve a substantially greater effect than comparable Protestant establishments. It remains to determine more precisely what opportunities for women’s education were available outside the ecclesiastically connected institutions.
Basel and the Wittenberg Concord
Authors: Nelson Burnett Amy
Published: November 2014

Bislang geht die Forschung davon aus, daß es Martin Bucer nicht gelang, im Abendmahlsstreit zwischen Luther und den Schweizern einen Kompromiß zu erzielen. Gänzlich erfolglos war er allerdings nicht. Denn unter der Führung von Oswald Myconius nahm die Baseler Kirche 1536 die Wittenberger Konkordie an. In den beiden darauffolgenden Jahrzehnten vertrat Myconius eine Abendmahlslehre, die sich an Bucers Interpretation der Wittenberger Konkordie orientierte. Myconius’ Abendmahlstheologie stimmt weder mit der späteren lutherischen noch der reformierten Orthodoxie überein. Sie ist vielmehr ein Beispiel für die vermittelnde Theologie, die zwischen den beiden Phasen der Abendmahlskontroverse noch möglich war. Obwohl Myconius’ Nachfolger Simon Sulzer weiterhin versuchte, die Bucersche Interpretation der Wittenberger Konkordie zu vertreten, wurde die vermittelnde Baseler Theologie in der wiederaufflammenden Debatte der 1550er Jahre unhaltbar.
Peter Canisius as a Catholic Editor of a Catholic St. Jerome
Authors: Pabel Hilmar M.
Published: November 2014

Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht Canisius’ Umgang mit den Kirchenvätern am Beispiel seiner erstmals 1562 publizierten Auswahl aus den Briefen des Hieronymus. Es wird gegen Joseph Lössl die These vertreten, daß Canisius’ Interesse an den Kirchenvätern vor einem kontroverstheologischen Hintergrund zu sehen ist: Canisius bezeichnete die Kirchenväter in seinen Briefen als Zeugen der immerwährenden katholischen Wahrheit gegen die neue, ketzerische Lehre der Protestanten. Die Untersuchung der Paratexte der Hieronymusausgabe - Vorwort, Kurzfassungen (argumenta) und Marginalien - macht deutlich, daß konfessionelle Belange und nicht humanistische Philologie die herausgeberische Tätigkeit des Jesuiten motivierten. Die Edition des Canisius präsentiert einen Hieronymus, der als „malleus haereticorum“ den katholischen Glauben entschieden verteidigte.
Katharina Schütz Zell and Caspar Schwenckfeld: A Reassessment of Their Relationship
Authors: McKee Elsie
Published: November 2014

Es ist weitgehender Forschungskonsens, daß Katharina Schütz Zell Anhängerin Schwenckfelds war. Gestützt auf eine Analyse des einzig erhaltenen Briefes von Schütz Zell an Schwenckfeld kommt die Untersuchung zu dem Ergebnis, daß Schütz Zell sich sowohl persönlich als auch theologisch eindeutig von Schwenckfeld distanzierte. Auch wenn Schütz Zell, so die These, mit Schwenckfeld befreundet war und ihn öffentlich verteidigte, so sah sie sich selbst doch nicht als „Schwenckfeldianerin“.
Ludwig Hätzers „Kreuzgang“ (1528/29): Ein Zeugnis täuferischer Bildpropaganda
Authors: Zorzin Alejandro
Published: November 2014

A work by Ludwig Hätzer which Sebastian Franck called “cloisters” in 1531 has so far been regarded as lost. In this article, Alejandro Zorzin shows that a woodcut by the “Petrarcameister” contained in a broadsheet published by Johann Prüss the Younger in Strasbourg in 1529 is Hätzer’s work. The texts accompanying the woodcut, two rhymes and an anonymous letter, might also be by Hätzer. This Anabaptist broadsheet propagated an understanding of salvation focused on the experience of the Cross and Christ’s suffering that prevailed among the early Anabaptist movement in Southern Germany and Austria, which Hätzer joined in 1527. The broadsheet was probably meant for missionary purposes and catechesis. It offered a new hermeneutical key for the understanding of the Scriptures as well as an alternative style of piety, replacing the anthropomorph and tripartite representation of God with the usage of the Hebraic tetragram.
“Spared not from tribulation”: Children in Early Modern Martyrologies
Authors: Covington Sarah
Published: November 2014

Der Aufsatz untersucht anhand katholischer, protestantischer und anabaptistischer Quellen die Darstellung von Kindern in den Märtyrerberichten des 16. Jahrhunderts. In den Martyrologien von John Foxe und Jean Crespin ist die Darstellung von Kindern stark durch die Bibel und die Kirchenväter beeinflußt. Kinder wurden deshalb entweder als Unschuldige oder Verdammte, als Opfer oder Täter in die Märtyrererzählungen eingefügt.
Was Adam the First Heretic? Diego de Simancas, Luis de Páramo, and the Origins of Inquisitorial Practice
Authors: Hossain Kimberly Lynn
Published: November 2014

Die spanischen Inquisitoren Diego de Simancas und Luis de Páramo publizierten 1569 bzw. 1598 Handbücher, in denen sie sich auch mit den historischen Wurzeln der Inquisition beschäftigten. Während Simancas in seinem Werk „De catholicis institutionibus“ die Inquisition auf die antike Tradition zurückführte, leitete Páramo in seiner Schrift „De origine et progressu sanctae inquisitionis“ die Entstehung der Inquisition aus der Bibel ab. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen dieser historischen Modelle auf die inquisitorische Praxis in Spanien und an der Kurie.
Post-Confessional Research and Confessional Commitment
Authors: Hendrix Scott
Published: November 2014

Ausgehend von seinen eigenen Erfahrungen argumentiert Scott Hendrix, daß konfessionelle Überzeugungen der historischen Forschung nicht mehr und nicht weniger „schaden“ als andere weltanschauliche und persönliche Interessen. Er beschreibt, wie seine eigenen Forschungen durch seine Ausbildung in Familientherapie beeinflußt wurden und betont, daß auch an „theological seminaries“ die Möglichkeit besteht, die Reformation jenseits theologischer Fragestellungen umfassend zu untersuchen.
Allegiance and Reformation History
Authors: Roper Lyndal
Published: November 2014

Lyndal Roper zeigt anhand der Lebensläufe von Christopher Hill and Robert Scribner, wie deren religiöse und politische Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen ihre Fragestellungen beeinflußten. Sie macht deutlich, daß jeder historiographische Standpunkt sowohl spezifische Einsichten als auch unvermeidliche „blinde Flecke“ zur Folge hat. Für ihre eigene Arbeit waren der Feminismus und die Beeinflussung durch die Sozialgeschichte prägend. Die Zukunft der Religionsgeschichte sieht Roper in der Erforschung von Magie und Hexenglauben als Teil der Religion und in geschlechtergeschichtlichen Fragestellungen sowie in der Untersuchung der Beziehungen zwischen Christentum, Judentum und Islam.
Der Augsburger Religionsfriede als deutsches und europäisches Ereignis. Festvortrag am 25. September 2005 in Augsburg
Authors: Schilling Heinz
Published: November 2014

This article provides an overview of the celebrations and exhibitions on the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the Religious Peace of Augsburg, which had a wide public appeal because its relevance to the present was - or rather, seemed to be - obvious. Politicians, the churches, and the media were interested in the event because today’s public is so conscious of the so-called “clash of cultures”. However, there were several problems with celebrating this particular historical event: First, the complexity of the historical event “Religious Peace of Augsburg” was difficult to communicate to the public. Second, the achievements of the Peace of Augsburg were often enthusiastically overstated, e.|g. by attributing the separation of church and state or the beginning of modern religious toleration to it. But such simplifications are unavoidable if we want to impart knowledge about early modern history to the broader public.
Buchbesprechung – Diskussion / Review – Discussion: Fürst, Reformation, Land – Aktuelle Forschungen zu Landgraf Philipp von Hessen (1504–1567)
Authors: Breul Wolfgang , Gräf Holger Th.
Published: November 2014

This review article provides an overview and critical analysis of the recent literature on Philip of Hesse on the occasion of his 500th birthday in 2004. The article covers the following fields of Philip’s life and reign: i) the young Philip; ii) territorial policy; iii) Reformation and church policy; iv) social and educational policy; v) dynastical issues and his bigamous marriage; vi), princely household, art and culture; vii) foreign policy and international relations; viii) Philip in his later years; ix) reception; x) general historiographical assessment of Philip of Hesse.
Learning to Worship in the Later Middle Ages: Enacting Symbolism, Fighting the Devil, and Receiving Grace
Authors: Thayer Anne T.
Published: November 2014

Anhand spätmittelalterlicher Pastoralhandbücher und Beispielpredigten werden drei zentrale Anweisungen identifiziert, die der Klerus den Laien hinsichtlich des korrekten Verhaltens während der Meßfeier gab. Erstens sollten die Gläubigen sich ruhig verhalten und in demütiger Haltung der Messe folgen, um der Ablenkung durch den Teufel zu wiederstehen. Zweitens sollten die Laien sich bewußt werden, daß die Meßfeier das Leiden Christi symbolisiert. Ziel des Klerus war es, das Verständnis der Laien für das Ritual, die Kirchenausstattung und die Meßgewänder, die auf die Grundlagen des Glaubens verweisen, zu vertiefen und damit den Glauben zu stärken. Drittens sollten Laien aktiv an der Messe teilnehmen, u.|a. sollten sie die Grundgebete sprechen sowie den einzelnen Stadien der Liturgie folgen. Obwohl die Reformatoren Theologie und Praxis des Gottesdienstes grundlegend veränderten, teilten sie doch viele der Werte der spätmittelalterlichen Kleriker. Insbesondere förderten sie das Glaubenswissen und die aktive Teilnahme des Kirchenvolkes am Gottesdienst.