bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pupylation-based proximity labelling reveals regulatory factors in cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Persson Staffan , Zheng Shuai , Noack Lise , Khammy Ouda , De Meyer Andreas , Khan Ghazanfar , De Winne Nancy , Eeckhout Dominique , Damme Daniel Van
Published: September 2024

Knowledge about how and where proteins interact provides a pillar for cell biology. Protein proximity-labelling has emerged as an important tool to detect protein interactions. Here, biotin-related proximity labelling approaches are by far the most commonly used, but may have labelling-related drawbacks. Here, we use pupylation-based proximity labelling (PUP-IT) as a tool for protein interaction detection in plants. We show that PUP-IT readily confirmed protein interactions for several known protein complexes across different types of plant hosts and that the approach increased detection of specific interactions as compared to biotin-based proximity labelling systems. To further demonstrate the power of PUP-IT, we used the system to identify protein interactions of the protein complex that underpin cellulose synthesis in plants. Apart from known complex components, we identified the ARF-GEF BEN1 (BFA-VISUALIZED ENDOCYTIC TRAFFICKING DEFECTIVE1). We show that BEN1 contributes to cellulose synthesis by regulating both clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis of the cellulose synthesis protein complex from the plasma membrane. Our results highlight PUP-IT as a powerful proximity labelling system to identify protein interactions in plant cells.
Effects of ephedrine on the nociception level and analgesia nociception index
Authors: Kuroki Masahiro , Onodera Yu , Okada Masayuki , Nakane Masaki
Published: September 2024

Nociceptive monitor values are influenced by vasopressors; however, no study has investigated this in detail. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ephedrine on nociceptive monitors using the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) and Nociception Level (NOL). This prospective observational study was conducted between February and April 2023. Data were obtained during anesthesia induction only to exclude surgical invasion. Blood pressure, heart rate, ANI, and NOL were measured 5 min after ephedrine administration during hypotension. Low ANI and high NOL values indicated severe pain. Statistical analyses were performed on the values before and after ephedrine administration for each parameter. Eight patients (six men and two women) with a mean age of 72 years were included. The ANI and NOL, before versus after ephedrine administration were 76.3±11.8 versus 33.6±8.1 (p<0.001) and 2.1±1.5 versus 27.6±10.5 (p<0.001), respectively. The mean time beyond the pain threshold (ANI<50 and NOL>25) for ephedrine was 58.0 s for the ANI, and 29.3 s for the NOL, respectively. The administration of ephedrine, albeit for a short duration, significantly altered nociceptive monitor values, occasionally surpassing thresholds indicative of pain.
Direct observation of layer skyrmions in twisted WSe2 bilayers
Authors: Shih Chih-Kang , Zhang Fan , Morales-Durán Nicolás , Li Yanxing , Yao Wang , Su Jung-Jung , Lin Yu-Chuan , Dong Chengye , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Fu-Xiang , Kim Hyunsue , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Li Xiaoqin , Robinson Joshua , MacDonald Allan
Published: September 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) twisted homobilayers have been established as an ideal platform for studying strong correlation phenomena, as exemplified by the recent discovery of fractional Chern insulator (FCI) states in twisted MoTe21–4 and Chern insulators (CI)5 and unconventional superconductivity6,7 in twisted WSe2 (tWSe2). In these systems, nontrivial topology in the strongly layer-hybridized regime can arise from a spatial patterning of interlayer tunneling amplitudes and layer-dependent potentials that yields a lattice of layer skyrmions. Here we report the direct observation of skyrmion textures in the layer degree of freedom of Rhombohedral-stacked (R-stacked) tWSe2 homobilayers. This observation is based on scanning tunneling spectroscopy that separately resolves the G-valley and K-valley moiré electronic states. We show that G-valley states are subjected to a moiré potential with an amplitude of ~ 120 meV. At ~ 150 meV above the G-valley, the K-valley states are subjected to a weaker moiré potential of ~ 30 meV. Most significantly, we reveal opposite layer polarization of the K-valley at the MX and XM sites within the moiré unit cell, confirming the theoretically predicted layer skyrmion texture. The dI/dV mappings allow the parameters that enter the continuum model of moiré bands in twisted TMD bilayers to be determined experimentally, further establishing a direct correlation between the shape of the LDOS profile in real space and the topology of topmost moiré band.
Differences of pro-inflammatory and cell apoptosis markers between patients with normal and poor ovarian response during in vitro fertilization program Running Titel: Pro-inflammatory markers in IVF patients
Authors: Ruangprachum Gadsara , Thuwanut Paweena , Sereepapong Wisan , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Tongkobpetch Siraprapa , Summat Sadanan , Sirayapiwat Porntip
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to compare pro-inflammatory (Interleukin-6; IL-6 and TNF-α) and cell apoptosis (GABRA-1) markers in patients with normal ovarian response (NOR) and poor ovarian response (POR) to ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 27 patients (NOR = 16 and POR = 11). Pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 levels in follicular fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative expression levels of TNF-α and GABRA-1 related genes were determined in cumulus cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in POR group compared to NOR group (POR = 7.1 ± 1.9 and NOR = 2.4 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). Additionally, positive correlation was noted between TNF-α relative expression levels and factors associated with ovarian response, including levels of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) (r2 = 0.69, P = 0.008), antral follicle count (r2 = 0.73, P < 0.001) and number of retrieved oocytes (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.001). However, IL-6 and GABRA-1 levels did not differ between cohorts. In conclusion, TNF-α presents significantly different between NOR and POR patients, suggesting its crucial role in ovarian response during IVF treatment. This finding provides an opportunity for further study of POR pathogenesis.
A 20-year follow-up study of patients who have been diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia in their youth
Authors: Widhalm Kurt , Fallmann Karin
Published: September 2024

Aim
Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder characterized by elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). These cause atherosclerosis, premature cardiovascular (cv) disease and death.
Despite high prevalence long-term data about FH patients is very limited. Therefore, this study presents data in regard to effects and outcomes of long-term treatment of FH-patients starting in childhood and adolescence.
Methods
A data collection of 13 FH patients was made for this follow up study. On average the FH diagnosis had been made 20 years ago (9 - 31 years). 86% of the included patients have a genetically confirmed FH diagnosis. The investigated parameters are family history, LDL-C at diagnosis, latest LDL-C, FH-causing mutations, therapy, compliance and if provided by the patient the intima media thickness of the carotid artery.
Results
The mean initial LDL-C at diagnosis was 277 mg/dl (494 mg/dl - 173 mg/dl). While the mean latest LDL-C was 112 mg/dl (208mg/dl - 70mg/dl). Equaling a mean LDL-C reduction of 59,6% from diagnosis to follow-up.
No clinical signs of manifestation of cv diseases could be observed. Furthermore, there have not been any reports of side effects of the lipid-lowering therapy.
Conclusions
The long-term treatment of patients with FH beginning in childhood is feasible and successful. As shown in this study a therapy with statins lowers LDL-C levels by more than half and therefore most probably prevents the occurrence of later occurring cardiovascular diseases.
Bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal effect of ZnO, Ag, and ZnO+Ag coatings
Authors: Kacprzyńska-Gołacka Joanna , Wieciński Piotr , Stobnicka-Kupiec Agata , Górny Rafał , Krasiński Andrzej , Sowa Sylwia , Garbacz Halina , Smolik Jerzy , Gradoń Leon
Published: September 2024

Intensified globalization means the wider spread of pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi. Many such microorganisms are transmitted through contact with surfaces polluted with biodeposits as well as through human activity, which greatly increases the risk of infections caused by microbes. Therefore, the search for new effective solutions to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms that ensure safety and improve quality and comfort of life has become a global priority and major challenge. A very effective activity in this area may be the use of surface engineering technologies, which enable the production of coatings with biocidal properties. The very large possibilities of these technologies in terms of shaping the microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of coatings enable effective shaping of functional properties. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of three types of coatings deposited by HIPIMS characterized by different chemical compositions and microstructures. In this work, all the produced coatings were analyzed in terms of their material, physical and biocidal properties. The authors confirmed the very good biocidal properties of the tested materials against various groups of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and viruses) at the same time.
Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Pawpaw (Carica Papaya) During Ripening
Authors: Brotoboh Kelvin , Ogunbiyi Oluwagbenga J. , Iyare Harrison E. , Amusan Temiloluwa O.
Published: September 2024

Carica papaya L. (Pawpaw) is one of the most commonly cultivated fruits in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in Nigeria. Nutritionally, Carica papaya is known to be highly nutritious. The effect of ripening on the antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents (such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins) of aqueous extract of two cultivars of Carica papaya (Local pawpaw and Agric pawpaw) was determined in this study. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to determine antioxidant activity, expressed as % DPPH scavenging activity. % DPPH scavenging activity significantly increased (p < 0.01) in both Carica papaya cultivars during ripening, with the overripe stage of both cultivars (Local pawpaw and Agric pawpaw) having the highest % DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemical constituent analysis in Local pawpaw showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins increased during ripening with the overripe cultivar having the highest amount, while tannins decreased during ripening with the unripe having the highest amount. Agric pawpaw showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins increased during ripening with the overripe cultivar having the highest amount, while tannins and phenols decreased during ripening with the unripe cultivar having the highest amount. This result showed the important role of ripening stages in increasing the antioxidant activity of Carica papaya.
Study on an Interpretable Prediction Model for Pile Bearing Capacity Based on SHAP and BP Neural Networks
Authors: Li Shunbo , Hai Mingwei , Zhang Qi , Zhou Bin , Zhao Zhuo
Published: September 2024

To facilitate rapid and precise predictions of pile bearing capacity, a Back Propagation (BP) neural network model has been developed utilizing data sourced from existing literature. The model incorporates several input parameters, including pile length, pile diameter, average effective vertical stress, and undrained shear strength. To enhance the optimization of the BP neural network's hyperparameters, five distinct optimization algorithms were employed: the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm (SCA), Snake Optimization Algorithm (SO), Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA), African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), and Chameleon Optimization Algorithm (CSA). The efficacy of the proposed model was validated using a randomly selected, previously unused subset of data and assessed through various evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the prediction outcomes were analyzed in conjunction with the SHAP interpretability method to address the inherent "black box" nature of the model. This analysis allowed for a visualization of the SHAP values associated with the input parameters, thereby elucidating their significance and impact on the predictions of pile capacity. The results indicated that the R² values for the BP-SCA, BP-SO, BP-POA, BP-AVOA, and BP-CSA models were 0.9920, 0.9922, 0.9928, 0.9974, and 0.9943, respectively, with the BP-AVOA model demonstrating the highest accuracy, stability, and predictive performance. The SHAP analysis further revealed that undrained shear strength and average effective vertical stress are the most influential parameters affecting pile bearing capacity, followed by pile length and pile diameter. Overall, the model effectively captures the complex nonlinear relationships among the characteristic parameters, thereby providing a robust foundation for further investigations into pile bearing capacity.
PyMultiLab: A Software for Calculation of Electromagnetic Properties of Multilayered Spherical Particles
Authors: Jiang Lan , Tuersun Paerhatijiang , Ma Dengpan , Wang Meng , Xu Dibo
Published: September 2024

The electromagnetic scattering and absorption properties of multilayered spherical particles have a wide range of applications in the fields of biomedicine, meteorology, and electronics. These properties can be calculated using the recursive transfer-matrix method (RTMM). Currently, the computer codes of RTMM have no graphical user interface (GUI) and have limited variety of materials. To solve these problems, we have developed a software called PyMultiLab which can calculate the electromagnetic properties of multilayered spherical particles. This software is openly available (https://gitee.com/jianglan98/py-multi-lab), and it has a user-friendly GUI and a rich database of refractive indices. PyMultiLab can calculate the variation of far-field and near-field parameters. The application of PyMultiLab is demonstrated by two examples such as the calculation of the resonance wavelength and absorption efficiency of SiO2@Au@MoS2 and the scattering efficiency and surface enhancement effect of Fe3O4@SiO2@Au. The development of this software is of great value in quantitatively analyzing the electromagnetic scattering and absorption properties of particles, and searching for special material with excellent electromagnetic properties.
Is cone beam computed tomography accurate in predicting inferior alveolar nerve exposure during mandibular third molar extraction?
Authors: Chen Kenan , Chen Youbai , Chen Peng , Wang Enbo , Guo Chuanbin , Xu Xiangliang , Jiang Junqi
Published: September 2024

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in predicting the exposure of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during complicated mandibular third molars (M3M) extraction.
Methods
115 M3Ms with canal cortical defect signs on preoperative CBCT were extracted. Candidate variables included sex, age, types of CBCT machine, the Winter classification of M3Ms, the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root on CBCT, the size of cortical defect on CBCT. The primary outcome was the exposure of IAN and the exposed neurovascular bundle size which was recorded measured under endoscope. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the agreement between the CBCT and endoscopic measurements.
Results
85/115 (73.9%) M3Ms with canal cortical defect signs on preoperative CBCT had intraoperative exposure of IAN. The average length and width of the exposed IAN were 5.89 ± 1.72mm and 2.48 ± 0.79 mm, which were significantly smaller than the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root on CBCT (9.69 ± 3.05mm and 3.26 ± 0.87 mm, P < 0.001) but larger than the cortical defect size (5.06 ± 2.05mm and 2.10 ± 0.54 mm, P < 0.05). The probability of intraoperative IAN exposure was statistically different among different Winter classifications of M3M and the probability of IAN exposure was higher in non-horizontal impacted type.
Conclusions
Not all M3Ms with tooth-IAN contact signs on preoperative CBCT indicated intraoperative IAN exposure. The contact sizes on CBCT were always larger than the intraoperative endoscopic measurements. IAN exposure can be accurately predicted by the length of cortical defect on CBCT. Non-horizontal impaction predisposed the M3M to a higher risk of intraoperative IAN exposure.
Clinical Relevance:
Endoscope provides the possibility to observe and record the IAN exposure directly. IAN exposure can be accurately predicted by the length of cortical defect on CBCT instead of the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root. Non-horizontal impaction predisposed the M3M to a higher risk of intraoperative IAN exposure.
Inadequate Caloric Intake and Glucose-Free Dialysate Induce Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient Receiving SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang yvmin , Jiang Ran , Ni Juan , Li Jinghang , Wu Buyun
Published: September 2024

Background Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eu-DKA) is a rare complication in patients receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and it is characterized by elevated urinary ketone and/or serum ketone levels and glucose < 11.1 mmol/L. The eu-DKA is frequently underdiagnosed and can lead to severe clinical consequences.
Case Presentation We report the case of a 53-year-old man with type 2 diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors who underwent continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) with a glucose-free dialysate because of hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis (MA) after coronary artery bypass grafting and ventricular aneurysmectomy.The patient had high anion gap MA with a normal serum lactate level, which could not be corrected by CVVHD. He was later diagnosed to have eu-DKA with a strong positive result for urinary ketones. Glucose loss through urine was 27.3 g/d, while estimated glucose loss through CVVHD was 41.5 g/d. After withdrawal of SGLT2 inhibitors and supplementation with calories (increasing from 12.3–14.2 to 15.5–23.8 kcal/kg/d), glucose (increasing from 0.6–1.0 to 1.4–3.4 g/kg/d), and insulin (increasing from 0.67 to 1.8–5.2 U/kg/d), MA disappeared within 14 h, and urinary ketones were negative. CVVHD was then successfully terminated.
Conclusion This case suggested that maintaining adequate caloric intake and avoiding glucose-free dialysate were essential to treat eu-DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors.
Acute Psychiatric Admissions 2017-2024: are we back to pre-pandemic patterns?
Authors: Rodrigues Carolina Alves , Lourenço Adriana , Nascimento Miguel
Published: September 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic lead to changes concerning access and type of clinical care available in healthcare systems and facilities around the world. This study aims to understand the changes in patterns of acute psychiatric admissions in the periods before, during and now after the virus hit.
Methods
In this retrospective study, all episodes of admissions in acute psychiatric wards in Hospital Júlio de Matos (age 18 or older) were obtained from January 2017 until March 2024. Three time frames were considered: pre-pandemic (until March 17th, 2020), pandemic (until April 30th, 2021), and post-pandemic (from that date forward); comparing gender, age, diagnosis at discharge, length of stay (LOS), number of daily admissions and number of patients occupying psychiatric hospital beds.
Results
11146 admissions were identified (5706 during the pre-pandemic, 1283 during the pandemic, and 4157 in the post-pandemic period), with a median age of 47 years old, median LOS of 15 days; 4 daily admissions and occupation of 103 beds. Statistical significance was found for every variable between the three groups. Post-hoc analysis identified a higher rate of males during the post-pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, a higher median of age in the pre-pandemic period compared to the others; a higher median of previous admissions in the pandemic compared to the post-pandemic, a lower median LOS in the pre-pandemic period compared to the others. The proportion of patients with primary psychotic disorders was significantly lower in the pre-pandemic period compared to other diagnoses and significantly higher in the post-pandemic group. These patients were younger, with longer LOS and bed occupation. The proportion of substance use disorders was significantly lower than any other diagnosis during the pandemic period.
Conclusions
The profile of acute psychiatric patients in the post-pandemic period presents as being more male, younger and with a higher proportion of primary psychotic disorders. Further debate is needed towards the development of community and hospital services better adapted to this new reality.
Trial registration:
The current study was approved by the hospital’s scientific and ethics committees (CCP number 0060/2021 and CES 09/2021)
Steviol glycosides affect trace element status in diabetic rats
Authors: Kurek Jakub Michał , Król Ewelina , Staniek Halina , Krejpcio Zbigniew
Published: September 2024

Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) have been reported to have lipid and glucose regulatory potential. The published literature presents conflicting results regarding the impact of hyperglycemia on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels, and almost no data exist on whether supplementary steviol glycosides can affect the status of trace elements in diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia and dietary steviol glycosides supplementation on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels and the ratios of these elements in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The experiment was conducted on 70 male Wistar rats, of which 60 were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection to induce type 2 diabetes, while 10 healthy controls were fed the AIN-93M diet. Afterward, diabetic rats were allocated into the following 6 high-fat diet-fed experimental groups: untreated, supplemented with metformin, or supplemented with stevioside or rebaudioside A (0.5 or 2.5%) for 5 weeks. After the experiment, internal organs were harvested for mineral analyses. The content of Fe, Zn, and Cu in tissues was determined using the AAS method. It was found that hyperglycemia significantly elevated the liver Zn/Cu ratio, simultaneously decreasing the kidney Fe level, as well as Fe/Zn and Zn/Cu ratios in diabetic rats. Supplementary steviol glycosides tended to normalize the kidney Zn/Cu ratio, while high doses of steviol glycosides tended to normalize the kidney Fe concentration in diabetic rats. The type of glycoside differentiated the kidney Zn level and the Fe/Zn ratio in diabetic rats.
Semantic Similarity Relaxation and Approximation of Incomplete Queries Using LLMs Embedding to Topic Graph Mining
Authors: Hussin Hayam Aboelmaged , Gouda Karam , Arafa Mona , Medhat Walaa
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) has emerged as a pivotal technology for structuring and interlinking data on the web. RDF graphs typically have billions of labelled entities, and how to efficiently retrieve the needed information from an RDF KG for a given SPARQL query has recently drawn more attention. However, because RDF data is schema-free, it is very challenging for users to understand the underlying structure fully. Consequently, different graph fragments can represent the same information. Therefore, it is extremely challenging to create complex SPARQL queries that encompass all possible structures. Recently, researchers have started to use knowledge semantics to extend the query intention of a simplified query to get an approximate answer. In this paper, we present an efficient framework that allows access to the RDF repository even if users lack comprehensive knowledge of the underlying schema. Based on semantic similarity, we can get more answers that match the simple query. We propose a systematic method to mine RDF graphs into diverse semantically equivalent structure patterns (topic graphs). We use type similarity to construct these patterns, and then a large language model (LLM) embedding is adapted to these patterns to achieve semantic vectors of existing knowledge. Based on the knowledge semantics above, an approximate query is constructed to get the top-k semantic similarity result. Extensive testing using the DBpedia dataset and QALD-4 benchmark query has proven how effective and efficient our approach is.
From rain to radiance - Drivers of tropical carbon flux interannual variability shift with local climate
Authors: Ma Shuang , Liu Junjie , Bloom A. Anthony , Doughty Russell , Levine Paul , Bilir T. Eren , Braghiere Renato , Worden John , Schimel David , Norton Alexander J.
Published: September 2024

Tropical land carbon fluxes drive the inter-annual variability (IAV) of the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. However, what mechanistic processes and climate variables drive the IAV of tropical land carbon exchange remains debated. Here, we use a Bayesian framework that ingests a suite of satellite-based carbon and water observables to quantify the relative contributions of different climate variables to the tropical land carbon exchange IAV. We find the dominant climate drivers for carbon exchange depend on climate states. Radiation dominates the IAV of gross primary production (GPP) in wetter tropical forests, especially during La Niña and wet seasons, while VPD dominates GPPIAV in drier forests, with more pronounced influence during El Niño and dry seasons. Precipitation predominantly drives heterotrophic respiration IAV. Net ecosystem exchange IAV is more closely linked to ecosystem respiration than GPP. Our findings yield novel insights into the complex interplay among tropical climate gradients and IAV in climate states and carbon fluxes.
Marketing for Sensa: A novel “zero nicotine vapor product” from a major tobacco company
Authors: Robichaud Meagan O. , Talbot Eugene M. , Ganz Ollie , Mercincavage Melissa , Erythropel Hanno C. , Zimmerman Julie B. , Jabba Sairam V. , Jordt Sven E. , Delnevo Cristine D.
Published: September 2024

On July 1, 2024, RJ Reynolds Vapor Company (RJRVC) introduced Sensa, the first disposable "zero nicotine vapor product" from a major tobacco company. Sensa sold more than 100,000 units as of September 10, 2024 and has been marketed through several channels. Direct-mail and magazine ads appeal to consumers’ senses (e.g., “awaken your senses”) and showcase Sensa’s six flavor options: Berry Fusion, Berry Watermelon Fusion, Blueberry Frost, Mint Frost, Passionfruit Frost, and Watermelon Frost. Our chemical characterization of all Sensa flavors (except Berry Watermelon Fusion) found neotame (a potent artificial sweetener) and WS-23 (a synthetic coolant) in all samples, while all “Frost” flavors tested contained another synthetic coolant, WS-3. Although RJRVC states that Sensa is for “adult tobacco and vapor consumers,” Sensa’s resemblance to popular disposable vaping devices and youth-appealing flavors raise concerns about Sensa’s appeal to young people, and limited regulations for “zero nicotine” products introduce uncertainty about product safety.
A Numerical Large-Scale Investigation of Gas Transport Processes in a Generic Nuclear Waste Repository in Argillaceous Porous Media
Authors: Pitz Michael , Ziefle Gesa , Kunz Herbert , Nagel Thomas , Maßmann Jobst
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present the results of a large-scale numerical model of a generic nuclear waste repository situated in an argillaceous host rock formation. Modelling the evolution of an entire repository presents challenges due to the strong contrast in spatial and temporal scales at which the different processes take place, ranging from the centimetres to the kilometres and days to hundreds of thousands of years, respectively. From the view point of the physical processes, a further challenge originates from the different gas transport mechanisms: Gas advection as well as gas dissolution and diffusion jointly govern the efflux of gas from the repository and mitigate excess pore pressures, but there is a significant contrast between the rates of these two transport mechanisms. Using the TH2M implementation (Grunwald et al., 2022) in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys-6 (Bilke et al., 2019), we analyse the impact of gas transport via advection (in the partially saturated zones such as backfilled drifts, shafts and desaturated host rock) as well as gas transport via diffusion (in fully water-saturated media such as the undisturbed host rock and over- and underlying formations). Finally, this work outlines and discusses possible simplifications in modelling choices, such as mechanical surrogate models, geometrical simplifications as well as the impact of discretization. The work presented in this paper was carried out within the scope of the European Joint Programme EURAD, workpackage Gas, Task 4.
Entry points for assessing ‘fair shares’ in national mitigation efforts
Authors: Pelz Setu , Ganti Gaurav , Pachauri Shonali , Rogelj Joeri , Riahi Keywan
Published: September 2024

Fairness considerations have been central to the international climate change mitigation discourse, generating numerous theoretical and philosophical debates. In this article, we address the pressing need for practical guidance on navigating this landscape in assessing relative mitigation efforts. The Paris Agreement mandates that updates to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) include clear and transparent considerations of fairness. This reflects a progression from previous submissions where such considerations were optional and inconsistently addressed. We propose a set of entry points for examining and revising these assertions in practice. We demonstrate the use of this approach through a case study focusing on the European Union. Our work emphasizes the importance of explicitly defining foundational principles, specifying allocation quantities, defining allocation approaches, and presenting selected indicators to operationalize ‘fair shares’ in mitigation efforts. By bridging the gap between scholarly debates and practical application, this study supports the integration of clear and transparent fairness considerations into climate policy commitments.
National Policies and Their Reverberations on the Art Making and Art Scenes in Malaysia under Mahathir Mohamed’s Premiership
Authors: Sarena Abdullah
Published: September 2024

This article examines the direct and indirect reverberations of the 1971 National Culture Policy, followed by the indirect impact of the Islamic resurgence and the 1985 Dasar Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Pentadbiran (Inculcation of Islamic Values in Administration Policy) on Malaysian art and art scene. The National Culture Policy (NCP), reiterated the ethnic preference policy of the National Economic Policy which resulted in an espoused policy that centres on Malay culture and Islam. Although there were incongruences and inconsistencies in the impact of the policy towards the art field in general, this policy has resulted in the rethinking of the presentation of art in Malaysia. This article first discusses the context of the NCP and traced how many exhibitions and discourses along the line of Islamic/Malay culture are frequently organised. This article also discusses the tendency of the artworks that were selected to be included in these exhibitions based on the selection of works that alludes to Islamic art, the Malay culture and works that have both elements of Islam and Malayness.
An Empathetic Odyssey: A Film Review of Barbarian Invasion (2021) by Tan Chui Mui
Authors: Sheau-Shi Ngo
Published: September 2024

Barbarian Invasion is the latest feature film by Tan Chui Mui, a Malaysian independent film pioneer. The narrative has two parts. First, the film follows the character of Moon (played by Tan Chui Mui), a middle-aged actress forced to confront her midlife crisis while trying to return to her career. She brings her son to the beach to visit her old-time friend, Roger Woo (played by Pete Teo), who plans to make a kung fu film. Roger convinces Moon to take up the lead role in his upcoming film. Moon then began to receive kung fu training from Master Lo (played by James Lee). Second, Moon is acting as a muted illegal migrant woman who keeps fighting and running for her life.
Adaptive Selling Behavior and Salesperson Performance in the Ugandan Insurance Industry: An Empirical Study
Authors: MWESİGE Richard , BONUKE Ronald , STIUMA Claire
Published: September 2024

Despite extensive research on salesperson performance, insurance salespersons continue to report lowperformance, which has attracted the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. This researchpresents empirical data that promises to resolve the conundrum surrounding the debate on whethersalespeople who exhibit adaptive selling behavior can perform better. The study investigated theassociation between salesperson adaptive selling behavior and salesperson performance amongsalespeople in the insurance industry in Uganda, using adaptive selling behavior and expectancy theoriesas theoretical foundations. It employs a positivistic paradigm and an explanatory design. Primary datawere obtained via a questionnaire. from a sample of 328 licensed insurance salespersons using aproportionate stratified simple random technique. The study reveals a positive and statistically substantiallink between salesperson adaptive selling behavior and salesperson performance and concludes that theimproved performance of salespeople is influenced by possession of adaptive selling behavior. It suggestsextensive interviews and evaluations conducted by insurance companies in order to identify and selectsales representatives who possess the ability to discern and comprehend customer requirements, adapttheir communication techniques, and tailor sales strategies in accordance with the unique preferences andcircumstances of each customer and. Forthcoming studies ought test proposed model in a different countrywith a mixed‐methods approach with a longitudinal design to verify the results.
USO DE COAGULANTES NO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE LAVANDERIA HOSPITALAR: A BUSCA POR PROCESSOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS SUSTENTÁVEIS VISANDO REMOÇÃO DE POLUENTES E MICRORGANISMOS PATOGÊNICOS
Authors: V. S. Gomes Eduarda , A. Moraes Iramaia , C. Mazza Felipe , R. C. Damasceno Fernanda , O. C. Brum Juliana
Published: September 2024

USE OF COAGULANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL LAUNDRY EFFLUENT: THE SEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROCESSES TO REMOVAL POLLUTANTS AND PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS. Hospital laundry is an important source of environmental pollution because its effluent contains high loads of organic matter and microorganisms. Conventionally, the treatment is carried out using aluminum sulfate, a low-cost and highly efficient coagulant that is related to secondary contamination due to the generation of non-biodegradable sludge, its ability to accumulate metals and toxicity. Aiming for sustainable alternatives, the efficiency of tannin from the natural coagulant and Moringa oleifera seed was evaluated in relation to aluminum sulfate, seeking to adapt the color and turbidity parameters and determine the antimicrobial activity of the seed. Using a concentration of 100 mg L-1 of aluminum sulfate, 97.4 and 93.95% of color and turbidity removals in the effluent were obtained, respectively. With 50 mg L-1 tannin showed an efficiency of 84.96% for color removal and 89.75% for turbidity. Tests were also carried out with Moringa oleifera seeds using saline seed extract, crushed seeds and aqueous seed extract, with a reduction in conductivity by more than 99%, removing pollutant ions for the saline extract. Of the methodologies used, the best result was obtained with the aqueous extract, achieving removals of 89.63% of color, 78.33% of turbidity, and inhibition of more than 98.1% of microorganism growth.
Atık Olgusu ve Sanattaki Negentropik Dönüşümü
Authors: Köklü Hatice , Ataseven Olcay
Published: September 2024

İnsan, doğadaki tüm varlıkların kendi yapısı içinde olan döngüsel düzenini ve giderek artan bozulma durumunu tetiklemektedir. Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonra insan varlığı, düzensizliği artıran bir etken olması bakımından entropik olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Entropi yasasıda olduğu gibi doğanın enerjisi olumsuz etkenler nedeniyle telafisi olmayan bir yöne doğru ilerlemektedir. Dolayısıyla Entropi karamı ile birlikte, evrendeki düzensizlik ve kaos durumun hep ileriye doğru olarak arttığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu değişimin doğadaki tüm nesnelere yansıması ise sanatçının da bakış acısını değiştirmiştir. Sanatsal algı ve ifade biçimlerinin değiştiği günümüz çağında ise sanatçılar, bu kavramaları yine kendi ifade dilleri içinde kullanmış ve bunu; enerjisi tükenmiş, kullanılmış nesneler, yapıların bozumunu ve yeniden üretimi gibi başlıklar altında ele almışlardır. Bunlarla birlikte doğaya verilen zarar ve kaynakların israfına karşı muhalif bir söylem içinde gelişen bulgular elde edilmiştir. Günümüzde sanatın da üzerinde durduğu endüstrileşmeye bağlı olarak değişen yaşam, bunun doğaya verdiği zarar, doğal kaynakların bilinçsizce kullanımı ve buna bağlı olarak değişen sanat ile atık nesnelerin yeniden kullanımına yönelik bir geleneğin başlatıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Böylece sanat aracılığıyla yeni bir çözüm önerisi oluşturulmuş ve atık nesneye yeni bir “değer” kazandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı; atık nesnenin sanatsal olana dönüşümünü, entropi ve neg-entropi kavramları üzerinden inceleyerek plastik okumalarını gerçekleştirmektir.
Theoretical investigation of hysteresis loops in free-surface flow under sluice gates for power-law channels
Authors: Belharti Bilal , Amara Lyes , Berreksi Ali
Published: September 2024

In the present study, a new theoretical framework and analytical solutions to the problem of hysteresis loops due to hydraulic jump in power-law open channels under supercritical flows are introduced. This investigation primarily focuses on the flow dynamics encountered at a vertical sluice gate across channels of various shapes: rectangular, parabolic, and triangular. By the application of energy and momentum conservation principles, the dual flow configurations emerging under identical initial conditions are shown. An intensive analytical computational analysis led to the development of approximate theoretical models, facilitating the prediction of hysteresis loops for a wide range of Froude numbers and dimensionless channel geometry parameters. Several illustrative examples were treated and the results show a high degree of accuracy of the proposed models in predicting the hysteresis loops. The present research contributes to a novel methodology for enhancing predictions regarding the behavior of supercritical flows and the design of open channels for specific scenarios of the hysteresis phenomenon.
Effect of gold mine activity on water quality and human health
Authors: Baneh Payam Younesi , Najmaddiny Iraj , Salehzadeh Hamzeh , Shahmoradi Behzad , Choi Hee-Jeong
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the levels of heavy metals in surface and groundwater sources within the vicinity of a gold mine in Iran, as well as to evaluate the associated health and carcinogenic risks. A total of 45 water samples were collected from the mine effluent, the downstream of a river receiving the effluent of the mine, and downstream water resources. Subsequent to laboratory digestion of the samples, arsenic levels were determined using atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, while other heavy metals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data analysis was conducted utilizing IBM SPSS software (Version 22). The health risks and carcinogenic potentials associated with arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, mercury, nickel, copper, and zinc were assessed for both pediatric and adult populations. The findings revealed that, in most instances, heavy metal concentrations exceeded the recommended standards for drinking water quality. Furthermore, the health and carcinogenic risks posed to both children and adults were found to surpass the maximum acceptable levels.
Identification and isolation of efficient phenol-degrading and heavy metal-resistant bacteria from seasonal catchments of the Lut Desert
Authors: Samimi Mohsen , Shahriari-Moghadam Mohsen
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted to isolate and identify a phenol-degrading bacterial strain resistant to cadmium obtained from seasonal catchments of the Lut Desert, Iran. Additionally, optimal conditions affecting biological phenol degradation, including pH, temperature, salinity, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, were determined using the Taguchi method, and the ability of the purified strain to degrade phenol in different concentrations was investigated. Isolated bacterium strain Bacillus cereus LD-1, capable of phenol degradation and cadmium tolerance, could tolerate and degrade phenol up to a concentration of 1,500 mg/L. All optimized factors except carbon-to-nitrogen ratio had a significant effect on the rate of phenol biodegradation. Among the selected factors, based on the effect size, pH had the highest impact (10.02), followed by salinity (6.16), temperature (5.61), and C:N ratio (2.55) on phenol biodegradation. The optimal conditions for phenol biodegradation were determined as pH of 8, temperature of 30 °C, salinity of 0 g/L, and C:N ratio of 100:30. Under optimal conditions, 80.57% of phenol was decomposed by the LD-1 strain. Considering the high ability of the isolated strain for phenol degradation in the presence of 100 mg/L cadmium, LD-1 can be applied in the biological treatment of phenolic effluents contaminated with heavy metals.
PARA ALÉM DO GUGGENHEIM, RUMO À ISLA CREATIVA
Authors: Freire Costa Andrea Virgínia , Nascimento José Clewton do
Published: September 2024

Este artigo discute como o conceito de cidade criativa vem sendo incorporado ao planejamento urbano de Bilbao, na Espanha, ao longo dos últimos vinte anos, enfocando sua trajetória histórica, intervenções no espaço urbano e os conflitos sociais emergentes desse processo. Entende-se que as cidades criativas são aquelas que consideram o uso da criatividade urbana como um elemento fundamental  para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável e, por isso, nos planos de desenvolvimento local, irão buscar fortalecer os setores ligados à economia criativa, além de atuarem de forma cooperativa em rede internacional Unesco, 2004; 2021). Para isso, foram considerados os estudos publicados pela associação Bilbao Metropoli-30, pela sociedade Bilbao Ria 2000 e relacionados ao Projeto Zorrotzaurre, focando nos discursos relacionados ao incremento da economia criativa e/ou que evidenciam o uso da arte, cultura e criatividade para o desenvolvimento urbano, social e econômico. Como resultados encontrados, verifica-se que, o uso da cultura no Plan Estratégico para la Revitalización del Bilbao Metropolitano (1992), foi intensificado e ampliado no Projeto Zorrotzaurre (2012) alinhado-o à ideia de cidade criativa. Desse modo, aponta-se que Bilbao caminha para um novo momento de regeneração urbana, marcado, por um lado, pelo fortalecimento das indústrias criativas e pela apropriação de valores locais intangíveis pelo mercado; e, por outro, pela possibilidade de disputa e construção do conceito de cidade criativa com a contribuição dos movimentos urbanos independentes, quer seja pela adoção de novas formas de governança urbana, quer sela pela serendipidade e imprevisibilidade urbanas.
CAMPAL
Authors: Rodrigues Clara Ovídio de Medeiros , Dias de Carvalho Pedro
Published: September 2024

A atuação do arquiteto e urbanista nos últimos tempos concentrou-se principalmente no desenvolvimento dos espaços urbanos, deixando o contexto e as vivências rurais em segundo plano. Compreendendo o rural e suas práticas como um conjunto emergente, que se reinventa frente à contemporaneidade, enxergamos a dinâmica da agricultura familiar. Atualmente, a produção familiar assume múltiplas funções no cenário econômico-social e ainda está em constante movimento de resistência diante das transformações, sobretudo no setor agrícola. Uma das alternativas para a continuidade e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar é o cooperativismo. Nessa lógica, a CAMPAL - Cooperativa Adaptável Modular de Promoção ao Agricultor Local surge como uma resposta para as áreas rurais e agricultores familiares norte-rio-grandenses. A proposição da CAMPAL passa pelo entendimento dos pressupostos projetuais para propriedades do meio rural, a partir dos conceitos de espaço, arquitetura e paisagem rurais; pelo rebatimento funcional das dinâmicas contemporâneas da agricultura familiar e do cooperativismo agrícola na arquitetura; e, pela adoção da adaptabilidade e lógica modular no produto arquitetônico. Desse modo,o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o sistema edilício de uma cooperativa rural voltada à promoção dos pequenos produtores agrícolas potiguares, que abastecem nossas cidades e são vitais para o funcionamento da nossa região Como resultado, obtém-se um edifício embasado nos princípios de ruralidade, adaptabilidade e modularidade, qualificado a responder aos distintos aspectos funcionais, físico-ambientais e legais dos contextos rurais do Rio Grande do Norte.
Therapeutic Communication Relationship With The Level of Anxiety of Primigravida Mother in Facing Childbirth At TK IV Hospital Cijantung Kesdam Jaya in 2023
Authors: Susilowati Lilik , Putri Kinkin Y S , Reflisiani Dian
Published: September 2024

One factor that affects the safety of labor is anxiety during the labor process. Anxiety and fear can cause severe pain and can also result in decreased uterine contractions, resulting in longer labor. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between therapeutic communication and the anxiety level of primigravida mothers in facing labor. This research type is descriptive-analytic. This study population is all primigravida laboring mothers in TK IV Cijantung Kesdam Jaya Hospital in 2023, as many as 30 people. Samples of this study were all primigravida pregnant women before childbirth at TK IV Cijantung Kesdam Jaya Hospital in January–February 2023, with as many as 30 respondents. The technique of sampling in this study was purposive sampling. Analyze the data with Chi Square. The statistical test results obtained P value = 0.000 means P value α (0.05). The results indicate that there is a relationship between therapeutic communication and the level of anxiety of primigravida mothers in the face of childbirth. It is expected that TK IV Cijantung Kesdam Jaya Hospital will improve health services for mothers in labor by managing the application of therapeutic communication by midwives in providing care to mothers in labor.