bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENSO Prediction in Project Minerva: Sensitivity to Atmospheric Horizontal Resolution and Ensemble Size
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Huang Bohua , Cash Ben , Kinter James L. , Manganello Julia , Barimalala Rondrotiana , Altshuler Eric , Vitart Frederic , Molteni Franco , Towers Peter
Published: December 2014

This study examines El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction in Project Minerva, a recent collaboration between the Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies (COLA) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The focus is primarily on the impact of the atmospheric horizontal resolution on ENSO prediction, but the effect from different ensemble sizes is also discussed. Particularly, three sets of 7-month hindcasts performed with ECMWF prediction system are compared, starting from 1 May (1 November) during 1982–2011 (1982–2010): spectral T319 atmospheric resolution with 15 ensembles, spectral T639 with 15 ensembles, and spectral T319 with 51 ensembles. The analysis herein shows that simply increasing either ensemble size from 15 to 51 or atmospheric horizontal resolution from T319 to T639 does not necessarily lead to major improvement in the ENSO prediction skill with current climate models. For deterministic prediction skill metrics, the three sets of predictions do not produce a significant difference in either anomaly correlation or root-mean-square error (RMSE). For probabilistic metrics, the increased atmospheric horizontal resolution generates larger ensemble spread, and thus increases the ratio between the intraensemble spread and RMSE. However, there is little change in the categorical distributions of predicted SST anomalies, and consequently there is little difference among the three sets of hindcasts in terms of probabilistic metrics or prediction reliability.
Twenty-First-Century Precipitation Changes over the Los Angeles Region*
Authors: Berg Neil , Hall Alex , Sun Fengpeng , Capps Scott , Walton Daniel , Langenbrunner Baird , Neelin David
Published: December 2014

A new hybrid statistical–dynamical downscaling technique is described to project mid- and end-of-twenty-first-century local precipitation changes associated with 36 global climate models (GCMs) in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project archive over the greater Los Angeles region. Land-averaged precipitation changes, ensemble-mean changes, and the spread of those changes for both time slices are presented. It is demonstrated that the results are similar to what would be produced if expensive dynamical downscaling techniques were instead applied to all GCMs. Changes in land-averaged ensemble-mean precipitation are near zero for both time slices, reflecting the region’s typical position in the models at the node of oppositely signed large-scale precipitation changes. For both time slices, the intermodel spread of changes is only about 0.2–0.4 times as large as natural interannual variability in the baseline period. A caveat to these conclusions is that interannual variability in the tropical Pacific is generally regarded as a weakness of the GCMs. As a result, there is some chance the GCM responses in the tropical Pacific to a changing climate and associated impacts on Southern California precipitation are not credible. It is subjectively judged that this GCM weakness increases the uncertainty of regional precipitation change, perhaps by as much as 25%. Thus, it cannot be excluded that the possibility that significant regional adaptation challenges related to either a precipitation increase or decrease would arise. However, the most likely downscaled outcome is a small change in local mean precipitation compared to natural variability, with large uncertainty on the sign of the change.
Perspectives of Non-Gaussianity in Atmospheric Synoptic and Low-Frequency Variability
Authors: Sura Philip , Hannachi Abdel
Published: December 2014

Understanding non-Gaussian statistics of atmospheric synoptic and low-frequency variability has important consequences in the atmospheric sciences, not least because weather and climate risk assessment depends on knowing and understanding the exact shape of the system’s probability density function. While there is no doubt that many atmospheric variables exhibit non-Gaussian statistics on many time (and spatial) scales, a full and complete understanding of this phenomenon remains a challenge. Various mechanisms behind the observed atmospheric non-Gaussian statistics have been proposed but remain, however, multifaceted and scattered in the literature: nonlinear dynamics, multiplicative noise, cross-frequency coupling, nonlinear boundary layer drag, and others. Given the importance of this subject for weather and climate research, and in an attempt to contribute to this topic, a thorough review and discussion of the different mechanisms that lead to non-Gaussian weather and climate variability are presented in this paper and an outlook is given.
Comparison of 3D C‐Arm–Based Registration to Conventional Pair‐Point Registration Regarding Navigation Accuracy in ENT Surgery
Authors: Grauvogel Tanja Daniela , Becker Christoph , Hassepass Frederike , Arndt Susan , Laszig Roland , Maier Wolfgang
Published: December 2014

Objective

Navigation surgery on the skull base requires high navigation accuracy. The registration process is related to the main loss in accuracy. This study compared titanium screw registration with an inbuilt registration process of a 3‐dimensional (3D) C‐arm.

Study Design

Experimental phantom study.

Setting

Operating room.

Subjects and Methods

Four skull models were fabricated with a 3D printer based on the patient’s computed tomography (CT) data sets and fitted with an individually customized silicone skin. A 3D‐isocentric C‐arm fluoroscopic image intensifier system combined with a flat panel detector performed scans of petrous bones (PB) and paranasal sinuses (PS). The navigation accuracy of pair‐point registration (PPR) with titanium screws was compared with C‐arm–based registration.

Results

Overall navigation accuracy was 1.53 ± 0.51 mm after PPR and 1.26 ± 0.12 mm after C‐arm registration (P =. 0259). PPR showed the best accuracy results on PS (1.28 ± 0.69 mm), followed by right PB (1.43 ± 0.52 mm) and left PB (1.74 ± 0.69 mm). A significant difference was seen only between PS and left PB (P =. 0206). In contrast, C‐arm registration revealed significantly lower target registration errors (TREs) on PB (0.99 ± 0.23 mm right PB, P <. 0001; 1.2 ± 0.35 mm left PB, P =. 0412) compared with PS. When comparing both registration modalities, C‐arm registration was significantly superior on PB. With respect to specific anatomic locations, C‐arm–based registration showed significantly lower TREs on the frontal and lateral skull base than PPR.

Conclusion

C‐arm–based navigation shows higher navigation accuracy on the skull base compared with PPR. As the 3D C‐arm allows real‐time imaging and real‐time navigation, it will be a helpful tool for skull base surgeons.
Fcγ-receptor–mediated trogocytosis impacts mAb-based therapies: historical precedence and recent developments
Authors: Taylor Ronald P. , Lindorfer Margaret A.
Published: December 2014

A specialized form of trogocytosis occurs when Fcγ receptors on acceptor cells take up and internalize donor cell-associated immune complexes composed of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) bound to target antigens on donor cells. This trogocytosis reaction, an example of antigenic modulation, has been described in recent clinical correlative studies and in vitro investigations for several mAbs used in cancer immunotherapy, including rituximab and ofatumumab. We discuss the impact of Fcγ-receptor–mediated trogocytosis on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and other mAb-based therapies.
Estrogen receptor mutations and their role in breast cancer progression
Authors: Alluri Prasanna G , Speers Corey , Chinnaiyan Arul M
Published: December 2014

Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers and significantly reduces disease recurrence and breast cancer-related mortality. However, acquired resistance to therapy has been noted in nearly one-third of women treated with tamoxifen and other endocrine therapies. Mutations in the estrogen receptor have long been speculated to play a role in endocrine therapy resistance but have been rarely detected. However, recent studies utilizing next-generation sequencing on estrogen receptor-positive, metastatic clinical samples have revealed that recurrent ESR1 mutations are far more frequent than previously thought and may play an important role in acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Here we review recent advances in detection and characterization of ESR1 mutations in advanced, endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers.
DEAD-box protein p68 is regulated by β-catenin/transcription factor 4 to maintain a positive feedback loop in control of breast cancer progression
Authors: Guturi Kiran Kumar Naidu , Sarkar Moumita , Bhowmik Arijit , Das Nilanjana , Ghosh Mrinal Kanti
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is important for cancer development and it is found to overlap with p68 (DDX5) immunoreactivity in most breast cancers, as indicated by both clinical investigations and studies in cell lines. In this study, we aim to investigate the regulation of p68 gene expression through β-catenin/transcription factor 4 (TCF4) signaling in breast cancer.

Methods

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections derived from normal human breast and breast cancer samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by immunoblotting and quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Promoter activity of p68 was checked using luciferase assay. Occupancy of several factors on the p68 promoter was evaluated using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer was used to assess physiological significance.

Results

We demonstrated that β-catenin can directly induce transcription of p68 promoter or indirectly through regulation of c-Myc in both human and mouse breast cancer cells. Moreover, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we have found that both β-catenin and TCF4 occupy the endogenous p68 promoter, which is further enhanced by Wnt signaling. Furthermore, we have also established a positive feedback regulation for the expression of TCF4 by p68. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on β-catenin/TCF4-mediated p68 gene regulation, which plays an important role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as shown in vitro in breast cancer cell lines and in vivo in an animal breast tumour model.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in breast cancer progression through p68 upregulation.
Assessment of patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDXs) as a discovery tool for cancer epigenomics
Authors: Guilhamon Paul , Butcher Lee M , Presneau Nadege , Wilson Gareth A , Feber Andrew , Paul Dirk S , Schütte Moritz , Haybaeck Johannes , Keilholz Ulrich , Hoffman Jens , Ross Mark T , Flanagan Adrienne M , Beck Stephan
Published: December 2014

Background

The use of tumour xenografts is a well-established research tool in cancer genomics but has not yet been comprehensively evaluated for cancer epigenomics.

Methods

In this study, we assessed the suitability of patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDXs) for methylome analysis using Infinium 450 K Beadchips and MeDIP-seq.

Results

Controlled for confounding host (mouse) sequences, comparison of primary PDXs and matching patient tumours in a rare (osteosarcoma) and common (colon) cancer revealed that an average 2.7% of the assayed CpG sites undergo major (Δβ ≥ 0.51) methylation changes in a cancer-specific manner as a result of the xenografting procedure. No significant subsequent methylation changes were observed after a second round of xenografting between primary and secondary PDXs. Based on computational simulation using publically available methylation data, we additionally show that future studies comparing two groups of PDXs should use 15 or more samples in each group to minimise the impact of xenografting-associated changes in methylation on comparison results.

Conclusions

Our results from rare and common cancers indicate that PDXs are a suitable discovery tool for cancer epigenomics and we provide guidance on how to overcome the observed limitations.
Right superior temporal gyrus volume in adolescents with a
history of suicide attempt
Authors: Pan Lisa A. , Ramos Lisa , Segreti AnnaMaria , Brent David A. , Phillips Mary L.
Published: December 2014

The extent to which observed differences in emotion processing and
regulation neural circuitry in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt
are paralleled by structural differences is unknown. We measured brain
cortical thickness and grey- and white-matter volumes in 100 adolescents: 28
with a history of suicide attempt and major depressive disorder (MDD); 31
with a history of MDD but no suicide attempt; and a healthy control group
(n = 41). The first group compared with controls showed
reduction in grey-matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA38),
a region important for social emotion processing.
Deformations with constant Lê numbers and multiplicity of nonisolated hypersurface singularities
Authors: Eyral Christophe , Soares Ruas Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2014

We show that the possible jump of the order in an 1-parameter deformation family of (possibly nonisolated) hypersurface singularities, with constant Lê numbers, is controlled by the powers of the deformation parameter. In particular, this applies to families of aligned singularities with constant topological type—a class for which the Lê numbers are “almost” constant. In the special case of families with isolated singularities—a case for which the constancy of the Lê numbers is equivalent to the constancy of the Milnor number—the result was proved by Greuel, Plénat, and Trotman.

As an application, we prove equimultiplicity for new families of nonisolated hypersurface singularities with constant topological type, answering partially the Zariski multiplicity conjecture.
Aqueous Phase Behavior of the Rare Monosaccharide d-Allose and X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of d-Allose Dihydrate
Authors: Kozakai Taro , Fukada Kazuhiro , Kuwatori Ryu , Ishii Tomohiko , Senoo Tatsuya , Izumori Ken
Published: December 2014

The solubility and ice melting point of a binary system containing water and d-allose (d-All), the C3 epimer of d-glucose, were investigated and, for the first time, a binary phase diagram was constructed in the temperature range −2 to 70 °C. It was found that d-All formed the dihydrate below 32 °C as a thermodynamically stable solid in equilibrium with the solution phase. X-ray single-crystal analysis confirmed that d-All molecules in the dihydrate form a β-d-pyranose ring in 4C1 conformation. The crystal system (orthorhombic), space group (P212121, #19), and number of sugar molecules per unit cell (Z = 4) were the same as those of d-All anhydride (stable Form I). The unit cell length of the c axis for d-All dihydrate was ca. 2.8 Å longer than that for d-All anhydride due to the incorporation of water molecules, whereas the differences in length of the a and b axes were within 0.7 Å. Conversion from the dihydrate to the anhydride of d-All was easily attained by heating d-All dihydrate above 75 °C or by storing it over P2O5 in a desiccator for ca. 4 h.
Synthesis of Oxidized Thioxanthene-type Base Amplifiers and Their Application to Photoreactive Materials
Authors: Arimitsu Koji , Kitamura Hiroshi , Mizuochi Ryuta , Furutani Masahiro
Published: December 2014

We propose base amplifiers (BAs) that are autocatalytically decomposed into base molecules by a small amount of trigger base molecules from photobase generators. We report here novel BAs having oxidized thioxanthene skeletons. It is confirmed that they are decomposed autocatalytically in solution or polymer matrix. They are applied to UV curing systems to improve their photosensitivity.
Measurement of the Dynamic Stiffness of Porous Materials Taking into Account Their Airflow Resistivity
Authors: Crispin Charlotte , Mertens Christian , Medved Juraj
Published: December 2014

The dynamic stiffness of a resilient material used under a floating floor is often used to predict the improvement of the impact sound pressure level, ΔL. It is also used to compare products. The measurement accuracy of this parameter is therefore essential. Unfortunately, the comparison between the predicted and the measured ΔL results shows quite high deviations which could be attributed, in part, to an incorrect estimation of the dynamic stiffness. It is now accepted by all European laboratories that the measurement procedure described in the standard ISO 9052-1 should be reviewed. This paper proposes a first step in the improvement of the measurement setup by taking into account the actual contribution of the dynamic stiffness of the air enclosed in the materials on the total dynamic stiffness. A new setup is proposed and some results are presented for products with different airflow resistivities.
Rice (Oryza) hemoglobins
Authors: Arredondo-Peter Raúl , Moran Jose F. , Sarath Gautam
Published: December 2014

Hemoglobins (Hbs) corresponding to non-symbiotic (nsHb) and truncated (tHb) Hbs have been identified in rice (Oryza). This review discusses the major findings from the current studies on rice Hbs. At the molecular level, a family of thenshbgenes, consisting ofhb1,hb2,hb3,hb4andhb5, and a single copy of thethbgene exist inOryza sativavar. indica andO.sativavar. japonica, Hb transcripts coexist in rice organs and Hb polypeptides exist in rice embryonic and vegetative organs and in the cytoplasm of differentiating cells. At the structural level, the crystal structure of rice Hb1 has been elucidated, and the structures of the other rice Hbs have been modeled. Kinetic analysis indicated that rice Hb1 and 2, and possibly rice Hb3 and 4, exhibit a very high affinity for O2, whereas rice Hb5 and tHb possibly exhibit a low to moderate affinity for O2. Based on the accumulated information on the properties of rice Hbs and data from the analysis of other plant and non-plant Hbs, it is likely that Hbs play a variety of roles in rice organs, including O2-transport, O2-sensing, NO-scavenging and redox-signaling. From an evolutionary perspective, an outline for the evolution of rice Hbs is available. Ricenshbandthbgenes vertically evolved through different lineages, rice nsHbs evolved into clade I and clade II lineages and ricenshbs andthbs evolved under the effect of neutral selection. This review also reveals lacunae in our ability to completely understand rice Hbs. Primary lacunae are the absence of experimental information about the precise functions of rice Hbs, the properties of modeled rice Hbs and thecis-elements andtrans-acting factors that regulate the expression of ricehbgenes, and the partial understanding of the evolution of rice Hbs.
Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sputum using Selective Enrichment Broth and Ashdown’s Medium at Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Cambodia
Authors: Nhem Somary , Letchford Joanne , Meas Chea , Thann Sovanndeth , McLaughlin James C. , Baron Ellen Jo , West T. Eoin
Published: December 2014

Melioidosis infection, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is increasingly reported in Cambodia. We hypothesized that implementation of an enhanced sputum testing protocol in a provincial hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratory would increase detection of B. pseudomallei. We tested 241 sputum specimens that were deemed acceptable for culture, comparing culture in selective enrichment broth followed by sub-culture on Ashdown’s medium to standard culture methods. Two specimens (0.8%) were positive for B. pseudomallei using the enhanced protocol whereas one specimen (0.4%) was positive using standard methods. These findings demonstrate that B. pseudomallei is rarely detected in sputum at this hospital. The low frequency of B. pseudomallei in sputum specimens precludes drawing any conclusions about the relative benefits of an enhanced sputum testing protocol at this site. Promoting clinician awareness of the infection and encouraging utilization of diagnostic microbiology services are likely to be important factors in facilitating identification of melioidosis.
On the location of zeros of a polynomial with restricted coefficients
Authors: Rather N. A. , Shah Mushtaq A.
Published: December 2014

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Approximating the Riemann-Stieltjes integral via a Chebyshev type functional
Authors: Dragomir S. S.
Published: December 2014

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Uralic vs Indo-European contacts: borrowing vs local emergence vs chance resemblances
Authors: Marcantonio Angela
Published: December 2014

In this article I shall review the field of studies: “Uralic vs Indo-European contacts”. I shall report the thesis of what can be called the “old” and the “new” school, respectively, dealing with this topic. According to the old school, the contacts took place, essentially, among the historical languages, whereby the criteria for identifying loanwords are often unclear. According to the new school, instead, the (intensive) Uralic vs Indo-European contacts took place, essentially, at the level of protolanguages, and the loanwords are easily identifiable, thanks to the regularity of the relevant sound changes and substitutions. I shall claim that the thesis of new school is unlikely to be correct, on methodological and factual grounds: borrowing among proto-languages is impossible a priori; sound changes and substitutions are not always regular and systematic; the “binary” analysis “borrowing vs inherited” is out-of-date; the Uralic and Indo-European languages belong to different, distant “areal contexts”.Kokkuvõte. Angela Marcantonio: Uurali ja indoeuroopa keelte kontaktid: laenamine, kohalik kujunemine, juhuslik sarnasus. Artiklis annan ülevaate uurimisteemast “Uurali ja indoeuroopa keelte kontaktid”. Käsitlen küsimust, mida võib selle teemaga seoses nimetada “uueks” ja “vanaks” koolkonnaks. Vana koolkonna järgi toimusid kontaktid ajalooliste keelte vahel, kusjuures laensõnade kindlakstegemise kriteeriumid on sageli ebaselged. Uue koolkonna järgi aga toimusid (intensiivsed) uurali ja indoeuroopa kontaktid algkeelte tasandil ja laensõnu on lihtne kindlaks teha tänu oluliste häälikumuutuste ja häälikuasenduste reeglipärasusele. Väidan, et uue koolkonna tees ei näi metodoloogiliselt ja faktiliselt aluselt korrektne: algkeelte vaheline laenamine on a priori võimatu, häälikumuutused ja -asendused ei ole alati reeglipärased ja süsteemsed, “binaarne” jaotus “laenatud või genuiinne” on aegunud, uurali ja indoeuroopa keeled kuuluvad erinevasse, teineteisest kaugesse “areaalsesse konteksti”.Märksõnad: uurali keeled, indoeuroopa keeled, konvergents, divergents, juhuslik sarnasus, sugulassõnad, laensõnad, keeleareaalid
Estonian linguistic enclaves on the territory of the former Russian Empire: contacts with local languages
Authors: Viikberg Jüri
Published: December 2014

In the 19th century, the emigration of Estonians gathered momentum and Estonian villages were founded on the vast territory of the Russian Empire. Having survived over several generations, these native Estonian-speaking villages can be considered linguistic enclaves outside their homeland. This article will give an overview of research expeditions into Estonian villages in Siberia and the Far East in the 1980s and 1990s. Initially, we treated the linguistic enclaves as a continuation of the map of Estonian dialects, hoping to find in the foreign-language(s) surrounded and isolated Estonian language features which, primarily as a result of the influence of standard Estonian, have disappeared from the dialects of homeland Estonia. In our further studies, we have taken into account developments in modern linguistics: whether to place emphasis on the original (authentic) or on developmental changes. In terms of language influences, we cannot forget contacts with local and regional languages.Kokkuvõte. Jüri Viikberg: Eesti keelesaared omaaegse Tsaari-Venemaa aladel: kontaktid kohalike keeltega. Eestlaste väljaränne kodumaalt saavutas haripunkti 19. sajandil, mil eesti külasid rajati Vene impeeriumis Krimmi poolsaarest kuni Jaapani mereni. Tänapäevani säilinud eesti külades on emakeel kasutusel ka järglaspõlvkondades ja neid saab vaadelda eesti keelesaartena väljaspool emamaad. Et aladel, kuhu Tsaari-Venemaa poliitika eesti koloniste suunas, on elanud paljusid eri rahvaid, siis on artiklis jälgitud võimalikke keelekontakte kohalike keeltega piirkondade kaupa (Krimm, Taga-Kaukaasia, Lääne- ja Ida-Siber, Kaug-Ida). Keelematerjali põhjal võib väita, et kohalike (põlis)rahvaste keeltest on eestlased oma keelekasutusse võtnud eeskätt kohanimesid ning mõningal määral ka toidu, riietuse ja kohaliku elu-oluga seotud sõnavara.Märksõnad: eesti keel, eesti keelesaared, keelekontaktid, Kaukaasia eestlased, Krimmi eestlased, Siberi eestlased, Venemaa eestlased
The Role of Equity, Royalty, and Fixed Fees in Technology Licensing to University Spin-Offs
Authors: Savva Nicos , Taneri Niyazi
Published: December 2014

We develop a model based on asymmetric information (adverse selection) that provides a rational explanation for the persistent use of royalties alongside equity in university technology transfer. The model shows how royalties, through their value-destroying distortions, can act as a screening tool that allows a less-informed principal, such as the university’s Technology Transfer Office (TTO), to elicit private information from the more informed spin-off. We also show that equity–royalty contracts outperform fixed-fee–royalty contracts because they cause fewer value-destroying distortions. Furthermore, we show that our main result is robust to problems of moral hazard. Beside the coexistence result, the model also offers explanations for the empirical findings that equity generates higher returns than royalty and that TTOs willing to take equity in lieu of fixed fees are more successful in creating spin-offs.

This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
A Fair Policy for theG/GI/NQueue with Multiple Server Pools
Authors: Reed Josh , Shaki Yair
Published: December 2014

We consider the G/GI/N queue with multiple server pools, each possessing a pool-specific service time distribution. The class of nonidling routing policies that we consider are referred to as u-greedy policies. These policies route incoming customers to the server pool with the longest weighted cumulative idle time to equitably spread incoming work amongst the server pools in the system. Our first set of results demonstrates that asymptotically in the Halfin-Whitt regime and under any u-greedy policy, the diffusion scaled cumulative idle time processes of each of the server pools are held in fixed proportion to one another. We next provide a heavy traffic limit theorem for the process keeping track of the total number of customers in the system. Our limit may be characterized as the solution to a stochastic convolution equation that is driven by a Gaussian process. To prove our main results, we introduce a new methodology for studying the G/GI/N queue in the Halfin-Whitt regime that has as its starting point a simple conservation of flow identity.
Spatial variability of surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Mu L. , Stammerjohn S. E. , Lowry K. E. , Yager P. L.
Published: December 2014

Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface waters of the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) were measured during austral summer 2010–2011 on the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE). Surface pCO2 in the central polynya was as low as 130 µatm, mainly due to strong net primary production. Comparing saturation states of pCO2 and DO distinguished dominant factors (biological activity, temperature, upwelling, and ice melt) controlling pCO2 across regions. Air-sea CO2 flux, estimated using average shipboard winds, showed high spatial variability (-52 to 25 mmol C m-2 d-1) related to these factors. The central region exhibited a high flux of -36 ± 8.4 mmol C m-2 d-1, which is ∼ 50% larger than that reported for the peak of the bloom in the well-studied Ross Sea, comparable to high rates reported for the Chukchi Sea, and significantly higher than reported for most continental shelves around the world. This central region (∼ 20,000 km2) accounted for 85% of the CO2 uptake for the entire open water area. Margins with lower algal biomass accounted for ∼ 15% of regional carbon uptake, likely resulting from pCO2 reductions by sea ice melt. During ASPIRE we also observed pCO2 up to 490 µatm in a small region near the Dotson Ice Shelf with an efflux of 11 ± 5.4 mmol C m-2 d-1 that offset about 3% of the uptake in the much larger central region. Overall, the 2010–2011 ASP was a large net sink for atmospheric CO2 with a spatially averaged flux density of -18 ± 14 mmol C m-2 d-1. This high flux suggests a disproportionate influence on the uptake of CO2 by the Southern Ocean. Since the region has experienced a significant increase in open water duration (1979–2013), we speculate about whether this CO2 sink will increase with future climate-driven change.
How far does Twitter deepen democracy through public engagement?: An analysis of journalists’ use of Twitter in the Johannesburg newsroom
Authors: Daniels Glenda
Published: December 2014

The use of social media, mainly Twitter, in the Johannesburg newsroom presents an opportunity for the opening up of media spaces to public engagement, thereby deepening democracy. This article, framed through radical democratic theory, is a scrutiny of journalists’ use of Twitter. The article deploys multidimensional methods against a theoretical conceptual approach. It uses a content analysis of Twitter feeds, discourse analysis, as well as interviews with journalists and editors to reach some reflective insights. The issues include the following: there is much ‘noise’ about, and within, Twitter in the newsroom but does this robust public engagement engage more voices, and therefore diversity, into the public sphere of journalism? Or could the world of Twitter in the newsroom, at this present moment, exist as a mainly consensus seeking one – that of the like-minded merely re-affirming each other’s views? The argument here, which is open for debate, is that Twitter presents an opportunity to deepen democracy, but at this moment it is limited, as the data gathered from newsrooms in Johannesburg show.
‘Charlotte makes me lafe [sic] sooo much’: Online laughter, affect, and femininity in Geordie Shore
Authors: Graefer Anne
Published: December 2014

Highly successful structured reality television shows such as Geordie Shore (UK), The Only Way is Essex (UK), Made in Chelsea (UK) or Jersey Shore (US) draw audiences wide beyond their regional and national appeal, thereby exerting a considerable influence on contemporary popular culture. Lying at the intersection of documentary, soap opera and drama, reality television’s specific form – its immediacy and its emotionality – invites viewers to judge and moralize the lives depicted on screen. In this article I explore the affective ways in which ‘Geordie Shore’ produces ideas about femininity and how comic moments in the show influence this emotive process. By analysing online comments on the show’s official Facebook page I argue that the humorous quality of the text does not merely reinforce the disciplining white, middle-class gaze through which ‘Geordie’ femininities are produced as hypersexual(ized) ladettes worthy of social derision. Rather, the online laughter that I found in some online comments highlights that these representations are also animated through feelings of joy, affection and emotional attachment. Attending to online laughter can help us to further understand the movement between connection and disassociation through which audiences make sense of reality television.
M is for mother: Skyfall’s Kleinian phantasies of maternal destruction
Authors: O’Donnell Ruth
Published: December 2014

In the Bond film Skyfall (2012), director Sam Mendes offers an interpretation of gothic horror that explores 007’s maternal ambivalence. Exploiting the genre’s tropes of the persecutory double, psychotic son, and monstrous feminine/mother, the film provides a ‘working through’ of the oedipal terror that is so redolent of the gothic. Taking as a reference point the work of Freudian theorist Melanie Klein, Skyfall can be seen as presenting ‘M’ (Judi Dench) as the Kleinian ‘bad mother’, one half of the ‘split’ that the infant conceptualizes to explain the inadequacy of the mother in meeting his needs, phantasizing his revenge in terms of oral aggression. Bond (Daniel Craig) and villain Silva (Javier Bardem) are each victims of exploitation by the British secret services – and by extension the figural mother M. For Silva this means being given up to the Chinese government for torture and likely death. It is this previous act of maternal mistreatment that serves to ‘explain’ his (sexual) perversity, i.e. renunciation of the phallic, which includes his perverse attachment to M (other). Silva serves as 007’s shadowy counterpart – as well as cautionary tale – in granting the phantastical wish-fulfilment of both sons: revenge upon the mother.
‘I Can Have Both’: A queer reading of Morrissey
Authors: Dillane Aileen , Power Martin J. , Devereux Eoin
Published: December 2014

Using the song ‘I Can Have Both’ as a case study, we examine the ways in which Morrissey’s creative output has consistently recognized the fluidity of sexual and gender identities. We demonstrate how Morrissey’s work invites a deep textual reading that reveals a complex counter-hegemonic stance on the issue of gender and sexuality. Queering and queer discourses play a fundamental role in achieving this. Our study adds to the emerging body of scholarly literature on Morrissey and contributes to our understanding of how queering processes occur within a popular culture setting.
State protection of the child - mirage or reality ?
Authors: Ronen Ya'ir
Published: December 2014

The author suggests that state protection
of the child as projected by the legal rhetoric of child
protection law is a mirage in that it gives the misleading
impression of comprehensive protection to the child from all harm
while typically failing to offer such protection. Article by Dr
Ya'ir Ronen (Bar Ilan Universit; Queen Mary, University of
London) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for
Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society
for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies, University of London. The article is taken from a
lecture given at IALS.
The implications of the "USA Patriot Act" and US counter-terrorism on international human rights law
Authors: Alexander Klint
Published: December 2014

Article by Dr Klint Alexander published in
Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal
Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced
Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies,
University of London.
Settlement of disputes under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 I
Authors: Chatterjee Charles , Lefcovitch Anna
Published: December 2014

Two part article explaining the methods of settling disputes that may arise under the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, looking at the Ombudsman Scheme and then the Tribunal mechanism. Article published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Global competition - implications for enforcement
Authors: Farmer Susan Beth
Published: December 2014

Article by Professor Susan Farmer
(Professor of Law, Dickinson School of Law, Pennsylvania State
University)dealing with government enforcement of competition
laws to protect global competition, also considering the role of
private actions as a component of competition enforcement in many
jurisdictions. Derived from a lecture presented at the IALS on 24
March 2003 and published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by
the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of
Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Lecky's circle: thoughts from the frontier of international law I
Authors: Bacchus James
Published: December 2014

The author, James Bacchus, (Chairman of the
Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization) reflects on what
the nineteenth century moral philosopher W.E.H. Lecky can tell us
about our own era. Part one of an article published in Amicus
Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The
Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at
the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
A comparison of the risks between the use of manuscript and electronic signatures
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: December 2014

Article published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
What a second chamber can do for legislative scrutiny
Authors: Craighead Lord Hope of
Published: December 2014

Article by the Rt Hon the Lord Hope of
Craighead (Chairman of the Advisory Council of the Institute of
Advanced Legal Studies) based on the Third Annual Sir William
Dale Memorial Lecture given at Senate House, University of
London, on 27 October 2003. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal
of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
Time for the ECJ to become a supranational court?
Authors: Greaves Rosa
Published: December 2014

Overview of the issues raised in considering an increased role for the European Court of Justice. Brief article by Rosa Greaves (Allen & Overy Professor of European Law, Durham European Law Institute) published in Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London).
From Doha to Cancun: a multilateral trading system?
Authors: Chatterjee Charles
Published: December 2014

Article by Dr C. Chatterjee providing a critical analysis of the Doha Ministerial Declaration of 2001 concerning international trade liberalisation. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Lawyers as the new guardians of governance
Authors: Delston Ross
Published: December 2014

A brief look how and why lawyers are
increasingly regarded by the international community to be a part
of the global efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist
financing. Written by Ross Delston (A consulting counsel at the
International Monetary Fund's Legal Department, Washington,DC).
Published in Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced
Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The
Journal is produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced
Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of
London).
Reforming the public sector in the EU: the new public procurement regime
Authors: Bovis Christopher H.
Published: December 2014

Commentary on the significance of the regulation of public procurement in the common market and impact on increased potential for doing business with the public sector. Article by Christopher H. Bovis (Professor of Law and Jean Monnet Chair in European Business Law, Lancashire Law School) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
No loss - or is there? The awkward case of the trustee's claim for damages
Authors: Tettenborn Andrew
Published: December 2014

A consideration of breach of trust, liability and professional negligence issues in relation to trustees. Article by Andrew Tettenborn, Bracton Professor of Law, University of Exeter, published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Enthusiasm for ID card is waning outside Parliament
Authors: Crossman Gareth
Published: December 2014

Brief commentary by Gareth Crossman (Policy
Director, Liberty) on issues related to possible government
introduction of compulsory registration cards. Published in
Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies
at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of
London).
Government and information - the limits of law's empire
Authors: Birkinshaw Patrick
Published: December 2014

Article by Patrick Birkinshaw (Professor of
Law, Hull University, Barrister) looking at the difficult areas
where law - meaning judicial and constitutional control via the
courts - has little role to play in government's use of
information. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society
for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced
Legal Studies, University of London.
Good stock market governance in the context of anti-money laundering regimes
Authors: Jayasuriya Dayanath
Published: December 2014

Article by Dr Dayanath Jayasuriya published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
When is case law on the web the "official" published source? Criteria, quandaries, and implications for the US and the UK
Authors: Matthews Richard
Published: December 2014

Online legal resources in the US are
starting to become the sole official published source for the
law. This demands attention to authentication procedures, as well
as appropriate long-term preservation methods, to ensure those
resources are reliable. This article explores the concept of
"official" published source as applied to US and UK law material.
The web shapes that concept and gives new significance to the
citizen perspective on legal resources. That perspective raises
special concerns about new developments in the UK that confer
official status on proprietary reports not freely available on
the web.Article by Richard J. Matthews published in Amicus Curiae
- Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal
is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Richard J. Matthews JD, MLIS has served in various academic,
court, and law firm libraries in the United States. He was a
2006-2007 Visiting Fellow in Law Librarianship at the Institute
of Advanced Legal Studies. As Chair of AALL's 2005-2006 Access to
Electronic Legal Information Committee, he led the American
Association of Law Libraries' fifty-state authetication study and
is Editor-in-Chief of the final report.
From mothering behind bars to parenting beyond barriers? The right to family life and the politics of imprisonment
Authors: Munro Vanessa
Published: December 2014

There are, of course, a number of concerns
and difficulties associated with the imprisonment of a parent. In
the present article, however, discussion will focus only on one
issue, namely access to and removal from prison mother and baby
units. More specifically, this paper will look at recent case law
on the prison service's administration of these units in order to
suggest that more might be done in this context to protect the
Article 8 rights, of both an imprisoned mother and her child.
Article by Dr Vanessa E. Munro (School of Law, King's College
London) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for
Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society
for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies, University of London. This article is taken from a paper
presented by the author at the Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies during a workshop on prison & family on May 18,
2006.
The protection of cultural property in armed conflict
Authors: O'Keefe Roger
Published: December 2014

Article by Dr Roger O'Keefe (Lecturer in
Law and Deputy Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for
International Law, University of Cambridge) published in Amicus
Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The
Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at
the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
Judicial activism and overreach in India
Authors: Shunmugasundaram R.
Published: December 2014

Article by R. Shunmugasundaram (Senior
Advocate, Member of Parliament, Rajyasabha) published in Amicus
Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The
Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at
the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
Private companies in the Netherlands: proposals for law reform
Authors: Wooldridge Frank
Published: December 2014

An outline of new Dutch proposals governing the private company. It appears that many of these proposals are likely to come into effect in the near future, and may be somewhat controversial. Article by Dr Frank Wooldridge published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Forgotten justice: forgetting law's history and victim's justice in British "minor" war crime trials in Germany 1945-8
Authors: Charlesworth Lorie
Published: December 2014

This article considers some of the reasons
for and consequences of then minimal interest shown to date by
academic reserachers in the investigation and prosecution of
German war criminals by Allied military tribunals between
1945-48Article by Dr Lorie Charlesworth (Reader in Law and
History at the Law School, Liverpool John Moores University and
Visting Fellow at the IALS) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal
of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
Respecting family life
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: December 2014

Paper considering the potential scope and
meaning of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights,
protecting the right to respect for private and family
life.Article by Jonathan Herring (Exeter College, Oxford
University) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society
for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced
Legal Studies, University of London.
Towards a sustainable European company law
Authors: Sjafjell Beate
Published: December 2014

A brief consideration by Beate Sjafjell (a
postdoctoral research fellow, Faculty of Law, Oslo) of the role
and scope of companies and company law in furthering sustainable
development, looking at the objectives of EU company law and
securities law. Published in the First Page feature of Amicus
Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by
SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of
Advanced Study, University of London).