bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of fatalities in motor vehicle occupants: an overview
Authors: O’Donovan Siobhan , van den Heuvel Corinna , Baldock Matthew , Byard Roger W.
Published: July 2022

Injuries from motor vehicle collisions are frequently encountered in routine forensic practice. While the most common lethal events involve blunt force trauma with injuries to the head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis and limbs, review of the literature and case files shows that a wide variety of other fatal situations can occur that may involve sharp force and penetrating trauma, incineration, drowning, asphyxia, organic diseases and combinations of these. The following overview details potential factors that may contribute to death following vehicle crashes.
Young-Onset Pancreatobiliary Cancers—Whereto from Here?
Authors: Barreto Savio George
Published: July 2022

This Invited Editorial towards the Special Issue on Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery highlights the global problem of young-onset cancers. The paucity of data on young-onset pancreatobiliary cancers is presented in the context of its relevance to India (and its large component of adults in the at-risk age group for these cancers). In the face of limited information on the underlying cause of young-onset cancers, the author draws attention to evidence from colorectal cancer. The readers are encouraged to develop collaborative efforts in India to address answers to much needed questions on the management of young-onset pancreatobiliary cancers, some of which are listed in this Editorial.
Comparison of response behavior in karate kumite between real world and virtual reality
Authors: Ritter Yvonne , Droste Melina , Bürger Dan , Pastel Stefan , Witte Kerstin
Published: July 2022

Virtual reality is increasingly applied to support physical training and improve athletes’ performance in sports. Nevertheless, there is a research deficit in that, especially in martial arts, it has not yet been shown to what extent the response behavior of athletes in virtual reality is the same as in the real world. If this can be confirmed, a transfer of VR-adapted skills to RW can be expected and sports training in a virtual environment can be applied to improve sports performance. Since the response behavior is essential for many sports, this study compares it in karate kumite to the competition-important attack (Kizami-Zuki) of a real and a virtual opponent. Experienced karate athletes wore a head-mounted display and were asked to respond quickly and efficiently to 22 karate attacks, of which eight were Kizami Zuki’s attacks. Using a video-based movement assessment, karate experts quantified the response behavior with the parameters ‘time for response’, ‘response quality’ and ‘kind of response’. Results show no significant differences in ‘time for response’ and ‘kind of response’ between both conditions (virtual reality vs. real world). Only the ‘response quality’ was rated better in real world than in virtual reality. It is concluded that the ‘time of response’ and ‘kind of response’ for karate kumite athletes in virtual reality are similar to that in the real world.
Einsatz von KI im Versicherungssektor – mit Schwerpunkt Versicherungsmedizin
Authors: Armbrüster Christian , Prill Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Versicherungssektor ist in jüngerer Zeit immer mehr ins Blickfeld geraten. Im medizinischen Bereich, auf dem hier der Schwerpunkt liegen soll, gilt dies nicht allein für originär medizinische Themen wie diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen. Vielmehr gewinnt KI auch in den verschiedenen Stadien des Versicherungsverhältnisses – von der Risikoeinschätzung und der Tarifierung über die Vertragsanbahnung bis hin zur Regulierung von Versicherungsfällen – zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der Einsatz von KI eröffnet viele Chancen; dabei sieht sich der Anwender allerdings auch vor einige rechtliche und ethische Herausforderungen gestellt.
Nicht wiederentdeckt, sondern nachgefragt: „Soziale Arbeit als Dienstleistung“ heute
Authors: Schröer Wolfgang
Published: July 2022

Im Jahr 2003 legten Thomas Olk, Hans-Uwe Olk und Holger Backhaus-Maul eine starke Positionierung der Sozialen Arbeit als personenbezogene Dienstleistungsarbeit vor. Diese Standortbestimmung Sozialer Arbeit zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts enthält sowohl einen Rückblick auf die Entwicklung Sozialer Arbeit seit den 1970er Jahren als auch einen engagierten sozialpolitischen Aufruf für die damaligen Gegenwart, der auch heute noch wegweisend sein kann.
Post-drill geophysical characterization of two deep-water wells of Cauvery Basin, East Coast of India
Authors: Mishra Minakshi , Patidar Atul Kumar
Published: July 2022

The depth of the reservoir causes an increase in the degree of uncertainty in the prediction of reservoir quality. High frequency is suppressed with depth because Earth functions as a low-pass filter. The seismic amplitudes observed at various interfaces are influenced by spherical divergence, transmission losses, mode conversions, and inter-bed multiples. Seismic data have numerous essential components that must be thoroughly examined during hydrocarbon prospect identification and maturation, including post-critical reflections, events coherency (in near and far offsets), mode conversion, and interbed multiples. Seismic amplitudes are typically derived from 2D/3D seismic data and utilized directly or indirectly for reservoir interpretation and better prediction of subtle geological and geophysical information. To accurately depict subsurface geological features, stratigraphic architecture, and reservoir facies, it should be used in conjunction with the existing paleoenvironment data. When employed alone, the subsurface geophysical data may lead to erroneous interpretation of subsurface lithologies and inaccurate reservoir property predictions. Understanding these factors could help interpreters make better use of seismic data while maturing and de-risking the prospectivity. This study examines the post-drill geophysical characterization of two exploratory wells that were drilled in the deep-water area of the Cauvery Basin, East Coast of India. Analysis and correlation with a discovery well is done to understand the sediment depositional heterogeneity and corresponding seismic amplitude response, primarily for the cemented reservoir (dry well). To discover prospects and subsequently de-risk the existing prospect inventory, a dashboard checklist for in-depth study of seismic and well data has been developed. The top-down geophysical analytical approach that has been presented will aid in defining reservoir characteristics generally, estimating deliverability, and subsequently raising the geological probabilities and chance of success (COS) of any exploration project. The findings of this study allow critical analysis of seismic data to distinguish between softer/slower/possibly better reservoir rocks and hard/fast/tight rocks.
Characterisation of defects in porous silicon as an anode material using positron annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy
Authors: Legerstee W. J. , Noort T. , van Vliet T. K. , Schut H. , Kelder E. M.
Published: July 2022

Here we present Positron Annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (PADBS) as a powerful method to analyse the origin and development of defect processes in porous silicon structures as a result of alloying with lithium for the use in battery anode applications. Several prepared anodes were lithiated (discharged against Li+/Li) and de-lithiated (charged) with different capacities followed by a distinct treatment procedure and an analysis using the Delft Variable Energy Positron Beam. The results presented here show that we can distinguish two different processes attributed to (1) structural changes in silicon as a result of the alloying process, and (2) the formation of defects that initiate degradation of the material. The limit at which the porous material can be used for at least the first two cycles without the occurrence of damage can thus be accurately determined by using the PADBS technique.
SQUIDs for magnetic and electromagnetic methods in mineral exploration
Authors: Stolz Ronny , Schiffler Markus , Becken Michael , Thiede Anneke , Schneider Michael , Chubak Glenn , Marsden Paul , Bergshjorth Ana Braña , Schaefer Markus , Terblanche Ockert
Published: July 2022

Research on quantum sensors for the detection of magnetic fields (quantum magnetometers) is one of the fast-moving areas of Quantum Technologies. Since there exist expectations about their use in geophysics, this work will provide a brief overview on the various developing quantum technologies and their individual state of the art for implementing quantum magnetometers. As one example, the developments on superconducting quantum interference devices, so-called SQUIDs as a specific implementation of a quantum magnetometer, are presented. In the course of this, SQUID instrument implementations and associated demonstrations and case studies will be presented. An airborne vector magnetometer with ultra-low noise ($$<10 \mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$$

<
10
fT
/

Hz

) and high dynamic range of $$>32 \mathrm{bit}$$

>
32
bit

will be introduced which has the prospect to be applied for the magnetic method in parallel with electromagnetic methods such as passive audio-frequency magnetics or semi-airborne methods using active transmitters such as elongated grounded dipole sources. The according signals are separated in the frequency domain. A second implementation is an airborne full tensor gradiometer instrument will be discussed which has shown already a number of successful case studies and which turned into commercial operation in the past years. Besides the airborne instrument, a very successful implementation of quantum magnetometers is the SQUID-based receiver for the ground-based transient electromagnetic method. Today it is a mature technology which has been in commercial use for more than a decade and has led to a number of discoveries of conductive ore bodies. One case study will be presented which demonstrates the performance of this instrument. Finally, future prospects of using quantum magnetometers, including SQUIDs and new optically pumped magnetometers, in geophysical exploration will be discussed. Particular applications for both sensor types will be introduced.
Why Cell-Free DNA Can Be a “Game Changer” for Lung Allograft Monitoring for Rejection and Infection
Authors: Rosenheck J.P. , Keller B.C. , Fehringer G. , Demko Z.P. , Bohrade S.M. , Ross D.J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

Although there has been improvement in short-term clinical outcomes for patients following lung transplant (LT), advances have not translated into longer-term allograft survival. Furthermore, invasive biopsies are still standard of practice for monitoring LT recipients for allograft injury. We review the relevant literature supporting the role of using plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) as a non-invasive biomarker for LT allograft injury surveillance and discuss future research directions.

Recent Findings

Accumulating data has demonstrated that dd-cfDNA is associated with molecular and cellular injury due to acute (cellular and antibody-mediated) rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and relevant infectious pathogens. Strong performance in distinguishing rejection and allograft injury from stable patients has set the stage for clinical trials to assess dd-cfDNA utility for surveillance of LT patients. Research investigating the potential role of dd-cfDNA methylation signatures to map injured tissue and cell-free DNA in detecting allograft injury-related pathogens is ongoing.

There is an amassed breadth of clinical data to support a role for dd-cfDNA in monitoring rejection and other forms of allograft injury. Rigorously designed, robust clinical trials that encompass the diversity in patient demographics are paramount to furthering our understanding and adoption of plasma dd-cfDNA for surveillance of lung allograft health.
Pituitary Abscess as Manifestation of IgG4-Related Hypophysitis: A Case Report
Authors: Salvati Lorenzo , Tinghi Francesco , Ammannati Franco , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Parronchi Paola , Trotta Michele , Cammelli Daniele
Published: July 2022

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition with heterogeneous organ-specific manifestations. IgG4-related hypophysitis results from pituitary involvement and represents a rare neuro-ophthalmic complication of IgG4-RD, but the presentation as pituitary abscess is exceptional. We report the case of a 38-year-old otherwise healthy woman with a 3-year history of relapsing pituitary sterile abscess repeatedly treated with neurosurgery and antimicrobials. Histological re-examination of pituitary biopsy specimens revealed a dense inflammatory infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells. Serum IgG4 levels were normal and circulating plasmablasts were increased. A diagnosis of IgG4-related hypophysitis was made and the patient treated with high-dose steroid pulse therapy with subsequent reduction of the pituitary lesion and resolution of symptoms. This case highlights how the diagnostic intuition on the basis of histopathology has changed management with prompt dramatic response to steroid therapy.
Still Loving the F-Word
Authors: Brunner Claudia
Published: July 2022

Intersektionale feministische Theorie unterschiedlicher disziplinärer Provenienz hat wichtige Vorarbeit für heute diskutierte post- und dekoloniale Theorie geleistet. Feministische Friedens- und Konfliktforschung kann als Vermittlerin zwischen diesen Perspektiven und der eigenen Disziplin fungieren. In meinem Beitrag schlage ich vor, das für das Konzept der kolonialen Moderne zentrale Begriffspaar des epistemischen Rassismus/Sexismus, das von früheren marxistisch-feministischen Arbeiten geprägt ist, zum Ausgangspunkt für eine herrschaftskritische Wiederbelebung der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung zu machen. Ausgehend vom post- und dekolonialen Befund, dass der Zustand der Kolonialität bis heute anhält und das kapitalistische Weltsystem und seine vielfältigen Gewaltpraktiken aufrechterhält, muss die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung ihren eigenen Euro- und Androzentrismus bearbeiten und ihre Verortung auf dem epistemischen Territorium der Moderne einer Kritik unterziehen. Ausgehend davon kann sie globale Macht‑, Gewalt- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse wieder in einen glaubwürdigen herrschaftskritischen Blick bekommen. Feministische Perspektiven, die im Zentrum meiner Argumentation stehen, leisten für diese Grundlagenforschung einen wichtigen Beitrag.
Towards big data behavioral analysis: rethinking GPS trajectory mining approaches from geographic, semantic, and quantitative perspectives
Authors: Huang Weixin , Wang Luying
Published: July 2022

The question regarding the actual usage of built environments is of immense importance in behavioral research. Yet traditional methods of collecting and analyzing data on movements and activities often lack needed accuracy and granularity. Thus, this article reviewed and summarized the applicability of emergent GPS trajectory mining approaches in the field of architecture from geographic, semantic, and quantitative perspectives, respectively. Accordingly, three experiments based on a case study using real GPS trajectory data from visitors to the Palace Museum in China were conducted to examine the usefulness and weakness of the aforementioned approaches. The findings revealed that although all three dimensions of the trajectory mining approaches had the potential to provide useful information for architectural and urban design, the higher the dimensionality in utilizing the data, the more effective the approach was in discovering generalizable knowledge of human behavioral pattern. Furthermore, the results suggested that to gain insights into the typological characteristics of human behaviors related to the built environments, the contribution of trajectory data alone was limited, hence, conventional field surveys and questionnaires which contain information on individual characteristics and spatial features should be used in conjunction. Future research and practical implications were outlined.
Sexual Wellness Outcomes Associated with Experiences of Stealthing
Authors: Jones H , Bogen KW , Lorenz TK
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Sexual violence is alarmingly common and associated with negative health outcomes, including higher rates of sexually transmitted infections, greater likelihood of substance misuse, and poorer sexual functioning. More than one-third of men report using coercive condom use resistance tactics – including nonconsensual condom removal (i.e., “stealthing”) – to obtain unprotected sex. Women who experience stealthing report less confidence in refusing unwanted sexual advances and less sexual agency, which may increase risk for future victimization and reduced sexual wellbeing overall. While much work has linked other forms of sexual violence to sexual dysfunction, little is known about sexual functioning in the context of stealthing, which limits the utility of clinical interventions to improve survivors’ sexual wellness and prevent revictimization.

Objective

To analyze the relationships between a history of stealing and correlates of sexual functioning and wellness.

Methods

We surveyed 265 women from a large university in the Midwestern U.S. (Mage = 19.8) and ran linear models assessing the relationship between any history of stealthing and sexual wellness correlates including sexual pleasure, functioning, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain, shame, pleasure deservingness, and assertiveness. All models controlled for participants’ lifetime number of sexual partners.

Results

Overall, the effects of stealthing were strongest in women with more lifetime sexual partners. A history of stealthing was significantly and positively associated with solitary and partnered pleasure, sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, and feelings of pleasure deservingness. Notably, sexual shame was the only associated negative outcome.

Conclusions

Results suggest the relationship between a history of stealthing and greater reported sexual wellness may be a function of greater exposure to sexual activity overall. Increased exposure to sexual activity is related to increased communication about sexual needs and desires. It is possible that sexual shame was uniquely correlated with stealthing because stealthing may be viewed as a more ambiguous form of sexual violence by survivors and thereby increase risk for survivors’ self-blame. Alternatively, increased sexual shame may be related to reduced sexual self-efficacy and thus increase risk for victimization. Future analyses should examine specific contexts in which stealthing is associated with increased sexual distress and potential mediators such as sensation-seeking and positive coping skills. Overall, these results highlight the need for further research and increased communication on coercive condom use resistance tactics and their relation to sexual correlates, in particular, sexual shame.

Disclosure

No
A Qualitative Study of Women's Experiences with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in the United States
Authors: Lim-Watson M , Kallich J , Murimi-Worstell I , Kingsberg S , Hays R
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) significantly impacts a woman's daily functioning and well-being (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and is often undetected by the medical profession and dismissed by society. As a result, the profound and extensive impact of HSDD on the lives of women and their partners is underappreciated.

Objective

This qualitative study was conducted to identify defining symptoms and HRQoL impacts among women with HSDD.

Methods

Six virtual focus groups (90-minutes each) were conducted with 30 adult women to understand HSDD symptoms and HRQoL impacts. Two trained focus group moderators utilized a semi-structured interview guide to capture spontaneous and stated symptoms and impacts. All focus groups were transcribed verbatim, anonymized, coded by two independent researchers using Atlas.ti 9, and then analyzed employing a combination of semi-quantitative and qualitative data analytic methods to evaluate saturation. Elicited content was used to further refine a literature-derived HRQoL conceptual model of HSDD.

Results

A total of 15 pre-menopausal and 15 post-menopausal women participated in the focus groups between October 14 and 21, 2020. Participants reported a total of 10 symptom concepts during the focus group, including loss of spontaneous desire, sexual distress, disinterest in initiating sex, disinterest in engaging in sex, absence of pleasure, little to no sexy feelings, feeling asexual, sexual avolition, vaginal pain, and insomnia. The most frequently reported symptoms were loss of spontaneous desire (n=30, 100%) and sexual distress (n=23, 77%). A total of 41 impact concepts associated with HSDD across 9 domains were reported: partner impact, mental well-being, role functioning, social functioning, familial relationships, appearance, concentration, and overall quality of life and satisfaction with life. Women reported impairment to their mental well-being (n=30, 100%), partner relationship (n=29, 97%), overall quality of life (n=29, 97%), and life satisfaction (n=29, 97%), as well as described feeling stigmatized by healthcare providers, friends, and society as a whole (n=27, 90%). A literature-based conceptual model for HSDD was updated to reflect focus group results.

Conclusions

Women with HSDD report many relevant, important, and meaningful concepts that are inadequately evaluated in research and drug trials. HSDD profoundly and negatively impacts women's HRQoL. Greater awareness of these concepts, and the availability of HRQoL measures that accurately reflect symptoms and impacts are needed to “destigmatize” and improve medical care for women with HSDD.

Disclosure

Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Astellas, Dare, Duchesnay, Ovoca, Field Trip, Palatin Technologies, Pfizer, Materna, Maddora, TherapeuticsMD, Strategic Science Technologies, and Lupin.
What's Preventing Healthcare Providers from Screening for Female Sexual Dysfunction?
Authors: VanDommelen K , Kasper R , McCarter M , Connors N , Davenport S
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) significantly decreases qualify of life and the prevalence of FSD increases with age.(1) It is known that many healthcare providers do not screen for sexual dysfunction due to discomfort, not having enough time, or not having enough knowledge on the subject.(2) However the overall incidence of FSD will continue to increase as our postmenopausal population continues to grow. It is estimated that by the year of 2025 there will be 1.1 billion postmenopausal women worldwide.(3) Women in this age group often rely on their family medicine or internal medicine physician as the gatekeeper for their healthcare needs.(4) Therefore, healthcare providers both within the field of obstetrics and gynecology and general practitioners need to be prepared to screen, diagnose, and treat FSD.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to add to the current gaps in literature regarding screening for sexual dysfunction. Our goal is to identify what barriers exist to screening for sexual dysfunction across different fields. Identifying barriers by field will allow for targeted interventions to increase the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of female sexual dysfunction.

Methods

This study was based on a questionnaire that was distributed to healthcare providers practicing at an academic institution via email. The email was distributed as a one-time survey via residency programs across the country. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess study characteristics.

Results

220 physicians and advanced practice providers completed the survey. 182 within the field of OBGYN completed the survey and 38 within the field of family or internal medicine completed the survey. Our results found that while 59% of providers responded they are screening for sexual dysfunction, only 5% of providers surveyed overall reported that they always screen for FSD. Of those not screening for FSD, the primary reason for OBGYNs is not feeling that they have enough time (22%) compared to other specialties reporting lack of knowledge about FSD (67%). Of those who stated they screened for FSD, 45% stated they were not familiar with any screening tool or questionnaires.

Conclusions

OBGYNs, Internal Medicine, and Family Medicine providers have room to improve screening for FSD. Our study shows that the primary barrier reported by OBGYNs related to time constraints, whereas other primary care providers reported not having enough knowledge. Future studies should focus on interventions for these two respective barriers.

Disclosure

No
A Hierarchical Meta-Analytical Approach to Western European Dietary Transitions in the First Millennium AD
Authors: Leggett Sam
Published: July 2022

During the first millenniumad,Europe saw much socio-environmental change, which is reflected in the archaeological and palaeoecological evidence. Using published and new isotope data from across western Europe, the author examines changing resource use fromc.ad350 to 1200. The geographical limits of millet and substantial marine consumption are identified and comparisons between childhood and adult diets made across regions. Cross-cultural interaction at a broad scale is emphasized and patterns within early medieval England form the subject of an in-depth case study. While doubt is cast onto the uptake of marine resource consumption in England following the Fish Event Horizon, changes in agricultural practices, the impact of Christianization, and the role of freshwater fish in diets are explored. The author's hierarchical meta-analytical approach enables identification of human–environment interactions, with significant implications for changing foodways in Europe during the first millenniumad.
Alterations in infant gut microbiome composition and metabolism after exposure to glyphosate and Roundup and/or a spore-based formulation using the SHIME technology
Authors: Mesnage Robin , Calatayud Marta , Duysburgh Cindy , Marzorati Massimo , Antoniou Michael N.
Published: July 2022

Despite extensive research into the toxicology of the herbicide glyphosate, there are still major unknowns regarding its effects on the human gut microbiome. We describe the effects of glyphosate and a Roundup glyphosate-based herbicide on infant gut microbiota using SHIME technology. SHIME microbiota culture was undertaken in the presence of a concentration of 100-mg/L glyphosate and the same glyphosate equivalent concentration of Roundup. Roundup and to a lesser extent glyphosate caused an increase in fermentation activity, resulting in acidification of the microbial environment. This was also reflected by an increase in lactate and acetate production concomitant to a decrease in the levels of propionate, valerate, caproate and butyrate. Ammonium production reflecting proteolytic activities was increased by Roundup exposure. Global metabolomics revealed large-scale disturbances, including an increased abundance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Changes in bacterial composition measured by qPCR and 16S rRNA suggested that lactobacilli had their growth stimulated as a result of microenvironment acidification. Co-treatment with the spore-based probiotic formulation MegaSporeBiotic reverted some of the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels. Altogether, our results suggest that glyphosate can exert effects on human gut microbiota.
The impact of talent management on ethical behavior and intention to stay in the organization
Authors: Luna-Arocas Roberto , Danvila-del-Valle Ignacio
Published: July 2022

What has been called the war for talent in companies has become a key element in organizations that want to be competitive. Talent management has already been studied and verified in terms of its impact on performance and productivity, and this has led to more and more research generating a professional and scientific interest with other variables, such as ethical behavior. In the present study it is verified, through a model of structural equations, that the organizations that apply strategies of talent management have more ethical behaviors and intention to stay. Talent management and ethical behavior would reinforce work environments, by restoring confidence in the organization. Likewise, talent management implies greater loyalty of talent, that is an antecedent of the intention to stay in the organization.
A Struggle to Remake the Market: Feed-in Rates and Alternative Energy in 1980s West Germany
Authors: Milder Stephen
Published: July 2022

Drawing on government documents as well as the papers of renewable energy advocates, this article looks at debates over alternative energy in West Germany during the 1980s. It shows that because West Germany's monopolistic electricity market was dominated by utilities companies reticent to invest in alternatives, struggles over access to the electric grid and the rates independent producers received for their electricity were essential to efforts to add renewables into the German energy mix after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. The legislated ‘feed-in tariff’ for electricity generated by individuals from renewable sources, which emerged from these debates in 1990, cemented the idea that individual Germans, not utilities or the state, were responsible for the fate of renewable energy in Germany and paved the way towards an ‘economically viable’ renewables sector.
The Anarchist in Uniform: The Militarisation of Anarchist Culture during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
Authors: Brown Henry
Published: July 2022

During the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish anarchist movement became not only the driving force behind a social revolution but an active participant in an increasingly modern conflict which would eventually see thousands of its affiliates and militants serving on the frontline within the Republican Army. This article proposes to examine how military images, themes and symbols came to dominate anarchism's wartime culture, in the process reconciling their antimilitarist ideals with front-line service and asserting their exceptional quality as antifascist warriors. Examining a geographically and ideologically broad set of cultural materials, this article demonstrates a high degree of participation by many sections of the anarchist movement in the heavily militarised culture of the wartime Republic and European antifascism. This manifested itself in cults of battlefield heroism, the veneration of combative masculinity and the situating of ‘the front’ as the moral centre of the movement.
Kounis syndrome following allergy injection in a paediatric patient
Authors: Mason Maria , Campbell Matthew D.
Published: July 2022

Kounis syndrome is the concurrence of acute coronary syndrome or coronary vasospasm with conditions associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines through mast cell activation in the setting of allergic or anaphylactic reactions. Many identified triggers have been identified in paediatric patients including exposures, drugs, and immunisations; however, to our knowledge this is the first case report of Kounis syndrome linked to immunotherapy. We present a case of a 9-year-old with seasonal allergies presenting with clinical symptoms of Kounis syndrome following her weekly subcutaneous injection of allergens. Clinicians need a high index of suspicion for Kounis syndrome in patients who develop systemic signs of anaphylaxis with clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings of acute coronary syndrome to help direct therapy and improve outcomes.
Suertides A–C: selective antibacterial cyclic hexapeptides from Amycolatopsis sp. MST-135876v3
Authors: Lacey Heather J. , Chen Rachel , Vuong Daniel , Fisher Mark F. , Lacey Ernest , Rutledge Peter J. , Piggott Andrew M.
Published: July 2022

Amycolatopsis sp. MST-135876 was isolated from soil collected from the riverbank of El Pont de Suert, Catalonia, Spain. Cultivation of MST-135876 on a range of media led to the discovery of a previously unreported dichlorinated cyclic hexapeptide, suertide A (d-Ser, 5-Cl-d-Trp, 6-Cl-d-Trp, l-Ile, d-Val, d-Glu), featuring an unprecedented pair of adjacent 5/6-chlorotryptophan residues. Supplementing the growth medium with KBr resulted in production of the mono- and dibrominated analogues suertides B and C, respectively. Suertides A–C displayed selective activity against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.6 µg ml−1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 3.1, 6.3, and 12.5 µg ml−1, respectively), while suertides A and B showed appreciable activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC 1.6 and 6.3 µg ml−1, respectively).
Transcriptomic and proteomic retinal pigment epithelium signatures of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Senabouth Anne , Daniszewski Maciej , Lidgerwood Grace E. , Liang Helena H. , Hernández Damián , Mirzaei Mehdi , Keenan Stacey N. , Zhang Ran , Han Xikun , Neavin Drew , Rooney Louise , Lopez Sanchez Maria Isabel G. , Gulluyan Lerna , Paulo Joao A. , Clarke Linda , Kearns Lisa S. , Gnanasambandapillai Vikkitharan , Chan Chia-Ling , Nguyen Uyen , Steinmann Angela M. , McCloy Rachael A. , Farbehi Nona , Gupta Vivek K. , Mackey David A. , Bylsma Guy , Verma Nitin , MacGregor Stuart , Watt Matthew J. , Guymer Robyn H. , Powell Joseph E. , Hewitt Alex W. , Pébay Alice
Published: July 2022

There are currently no treatments for geographic atrophy, the advanced form of age-related macular degeneration. Hence, innovative studies are needed to model this condition and prevent or delay its progression. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with geographic atrophy and healthy individuals were differentiated to retinal pigment epithelium. Integrating transcriptional profiles of 127,659 retinal pigment epithelium cells generated from 43 individuals with geographic atrophy and 36 controls with genotype data, we identify 445 expression quantitative trait loci in cis that are asssociated with disease status and specific to retinal pigment epithelium subpopulations. Transcriptomics and proteomics approaches identify molecular pathways significantly upregulated in geographic atrophy, including in mitochondrial functions, metabolic pathways and extracellular cellular matrix reorganization. Five significant protein quantitative trait loci that regulate protein expression in the retinal pigment epithelium and in geographic atrophy are identified - two of which share variants with cis- expression quantitative trait loci, including proteins involved in mitochondrial biology and neurodegeneration. Investigation of mitochondrial metabolism confirms mitochondrial dysfunction as a core constitutive difference of the retinal pigment epithelium from patients with geographic atrophy. This study uncovers important differences in retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis associated with geographic atrophy.
Role of gradient nanograined surface layer on corrosion behavior of aluminum 7075 alloy
Authors: Beura V. K. , Karanth Y. , Darling K. , Solanki K.
Published: July 2022

Gradient nano-grained structures have been a promising technique to evade the strength-ductility trade-off in metals and alloys. Therefore, in this work, the effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the high-strength aluminum alloy was investigated. SMAT was performed at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen (LN2) flow conditions to generate two distinctly different initial gradient microstructures. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and intergranular corrosion tests were performed. Surface film characterization of untreated and treated samples was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy techniques. Result reveals significant microstructural changes in SMAT processed samples such as the formation of precipitates and dissolution of inherent phases. In addition, a reduced anodic dissolution rate was observed with the SMAT processed samples. Furthermore, the surface film characterization revealed a thicker oxide film with Cu and SiO2 enrichment in SMAT samples.
A curated binary pattern multitarget dataset of focused ATP-binding cassette transporter inhibitors
Authors: Stefan Sven Marcel , Jansson Patric Jan , Pahnke Jens , Namasivayam Vigneshwaran
Published: July 2022

Multitarget datasets that correlate bioactivity landscapes of small-molecules toward different related or unrelated pharmacological targets are crucial for novel drug design and discovery. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are critical membrane-bound transport proteins that impact drug and metabolite distribution in human disease as well as disease diagnosis and therapy. Molecular-structural patterns are of the highest importance for the drug discovery process as demonstrated by the novel drug discovery tool ‘computer-aided pattern analysis’ (‘C@PA’). Here, we report a multitarget dataset of 1,167 ABC transporter inhibitors analyzed for 604 molecular substructures in a statistical binary pattern distribution scheme. This binary pattern multitarget dataset (ABC_BPMDS) can be utilized for various areas. These areas include the intended design of (i) polypharmacological agents, (ii) highly potent and selective ABC transporter-targeting agents, but also (iii) agents that avoid clearance by the focused ABC transporters [e.g., at the blood-brain barrier (BBB)]. The information provided will not only facilitate novel drug prediction and discovery of ABC transporter-targeting agents, but also drug design in general in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Mathematical analysis of hybrid mediated blood flow in stenosis narrow arteries
Authors: Hussain Azad , Sarwar Lubna , Rehman Aysha , Al Mdallal Qasem , Almaliki Abdulrazak H. , El-Shafay A. S.
Published: July 2022

In this paper the behavior of flow of blood under stenosis suppositions is studied. Nanoparticles of Ag and Cu are being used with blood as base fluid. The problem governing equations are modeled into PDE’s, which are transformed into set of ODE’s with the help of useful similarity transformation. We investigated the solution numerically for various parameters on temperature and velocity distribution and shown in the form of tables and graphs. It is found that the velocity of blood increases while the temperature curve goes down by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles and also temperature curve decreases by increasing the values of gamma and Prandtl number. Furthermore, the calculated results shows that increment in flow parameter gamma caused an increase in velocity values. In the field of biomedicine, the important approach of nanotechnology is the use of nanoparticles in chemotherapy.
Theileria annulata histone deacetylase 1 (TaHDAC1) initiates schizont to merozoite stage conversion
Authors: Tajeri Shahin , Momeux Laurence , Saintpierre Benjamin , Mfarrej Sara , Chapple Alexander , Mourier Tobias , Shiels Brian , Ariey Frédéric , Pain Arnab , Langsley Gordon
Published: July 2022

A fungal metabolite, FR235222, specifically inhibits a histone deacetylase of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and TgHDAC3 has emerged as a key factor regulating developmental stage transition in this species. Here, we exploited FR235222 to ask if changes in histone acetylation regulate developmental stage transition of Theileria annulata, another apicomplexan species. We found that FR235222 treatment of T. annulata-infected transformed leukocytes induced a proliferation arrest. The blockade in proliferation was due to drug-induced conversion of intracellular schizonts to merozoites that lack the ability to maintain host leukocyte cell division. Induction of merogony by FR235222 leads to an increase in expression of merozoite-marker (rhoptry) proteins. RNA-seq of FR235222-treated T. annulata-infected B cells identified deregulated expression of 468 parasite genes including a number encoding parasite ApiAP2 transcription factors. Thus, similar to T. gondii, FR235222 inhibits T. annulata HDAC (TaHDAC1) activity and places parasite histone acetylation as a major regulatory event of the transition from schizonts to merozoites.
Time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030
Authors: Estivaleti José Matheus , Guzman-Habinger Juan , Lobos Javiera , Azeredo Catarina Machado , Claro Rafael , Ferrari Gerson , Adami Fernando , Rezende Leandro F. M.
Published: July 2022

We examined time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030 by sex, race/skin color, educational attainment, and state capitals. Self-reported body weight and height of 730,309 adults (≥ 18 years) from the Vigitel study were collected by telephone interview between 2006 and 2019. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories as a function of time by 2030. The prevalence of obesity increased from 11.8% in 2006 to 20.3% in 2019. The projected prevalences by 2030 are estimated to be 68.1% for overweight, 29.6% for obesity, and 9.3% for obesity classes II and III. Women, black and other minority ethnicities, middle-aged adults, adults with ≤ 7 years of education, and in Northern and Midwestern capitals are estimated to have higher obesity prevalence by 2030. Our findings indicate a sustained increase in the obesity epidemic in all sociodemographic subgroups and across the country. Obesity may reach three out of 10 adults by 2030.
Geometries, molecular Rayleigh scattering, Raman and infrared frequencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and subunits of graphite studied by DFT methods
Authors: Hasager Freja , Nielsen Ole John , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: July 2022

A computational investigation of geometric parameters, infrared (IR) and Raman frequencies as well as molecular Rayleigh scattering of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), used as models for subunits of larger graphitic materials.
A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique and UCNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites for sensitive determination of imidacloprid
Authors: Tang Feiyan , Hua Qing , Wang Xiaobin , Luan Feng , Wang Li , Li Yanhong , Zhuang Xuming , Tian Chunyuan
Published: July 2022

An MIT-ECL sensor for IM detection based on UCNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites.
Subtly manipulating Zn2+-coordinated configurations with a complexing agent to boost the reversibility of the zinc anode
Authors: Xiang Jingjing , Luo Minghe , Wu Xingxing , Zhu Yaofeng , Zhang Xuan , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping , Yan Mi , Lu Yingying , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: July 2022

By manipulating the Zn2+ coordination environment, electrolytes with diverse Zn2+–En configurations effectively inhibit zinc dendrite growth and side reactions.
Design strategy for an analyte-compensated fluorescent probe to reduce its toxicity
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Mu Shuai , Wang Weilin , Sun Huipeng , Li Shuangqin , Shi Xuezhao , Liu Yunbo , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Haixia
Published: July 2022

During biological detection, the toxicity caused by probes to living organisms is neglected. In this study, an analyte-compensated fluorescent probe (NP-SN3) was constructed for the detection of H2S.
An ideal catalyst carrier: patchy nanoparticles with dual functional domains of substrate enrichment and catalysis
Authors: Song Zhining , Li Xiaozheng , Liang Fuxin
Published: July 2022

Enriching substrates near catalysts is an effective strategy to improve heterogeneous catalytic performance.
Anisotropic and hyperbranched InP nanocrystals via chemical transformation of in situ produced In2O3
Authors: Chen Shuai , Riedinger Andreas
Published: July 2022

We synthesized indium phosphide (InP) nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes, utilizing triphenyl phosphite (TPOP) as the phosphorus source.
Hydrogen evolution-enabled rhodaelectro-catalyzed [4+2] annulations of purines and 7-deazapurines with alkynes
Authors: Xu Chao , Zhang Zhensheng , Liu Tao , Zhang Wangqin , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: July 2022

A series of polycyclic purinium and 7-deazapurinium salts were obtained via rhodaelectro-catalyzed [4+2] annulations with H2 evolution.
Pyridyl substitution at the 2,6-positions of anthracene toward crystal polymorphs with distinct optical characteristics
Authors: Bolla Geetha , Guo Junfeng , Zhao Huijuan , Lv Shaokai , Liu Jie , Li Yang , Zhen Yonggang , Liao Qing , Wang Xinran , Fu Hongbing , Dong Huanli , Wang Zongrui , Wang Zhaohui , Hu Wenping
Published: July 2022

Via pyridyl substitution at the 2,6-positions of anthracene, we achieved two packing polymorphs with different crystal morphologies and optical characteristics.
Remarkable ferroelectricity-modulated electronic and magnetic properties in a 2H-VS2/BiAlO3(0001) hybrid system
Authors: Yuan Jin , Dai Jian-Qing , Ke Cheng
Published: July 2022

The electronic and magnetic parameters of a 2H-VS2 monolayer on ferroelectric BiAlO3(0001) polar surfaces were simulated by first-principles DFT calculations.
Can second-order perturbation theory accurately predict electron density of open-shell molecules? The importance of self-consistency
Authors: Tran Lan Nguyen
Published: July 2022

Electron density plays an essential role in predicting molecular properties.
A neural network potential energy surface and quantum dynamics studies for the Ca+(2S) + H2 → CaH+ + H reaction
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Chen Hanghang , Mao Ye , Chen Maodu
Published: July 2022

A globally accurate PES and dynamics studies for the Ca+(2S) + H2 → CaH+ + H reaction.
Recent advances in the applications of mesoporous silica in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Yu Xinbin , Williams Christopher T.
Published: July 2022

Mesoporous silica is a class of silica material with a large specific surface area, high specific pore volume and meso-sized pores.
Enhancing the catalytic performance of PdAu catalysts by W-induced strong interaction for the direct synthesis of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Meijia , Xu Haoxiang , Luo Yibin , Zhu Jiqin , Cheng Daojian
Published: July 2022

W-Induced strong interaction with PdAu is the key to the enhanced catalytic performance for the direct synthesis of H2O2, with WO3 species partially encapsulating the PdAu particles.
Molybdenum(iv) dithiocarboxylates as single-source precursors for AACVD of MoS2 thin films
Authors: Muhammad Saleh , Ferenczy Erik T. , Germaine Ian M. , Wagner J. Tyler , Jan Muhammad T. , McElwee-White Lisa
Published: July 2022

Deposition of MoS2 from Mo(S2CMe)4 demonstrates use of dithiocarboxylate ligands for sulfur in single source precursors for TMD materials.
Probing the impact of a phytoplankton bloom on the chemistry of nascent sea spray aerosol using high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Radoman Nikola , Christiansen Sigurd , Johansson Jana H. , Hawkes Jeffrey A. , Bilde Merete , Cousins Ian T. , Salter Matthew E.
Published: July 2022

The composition of nascent SSA organic matter changed as a spring phytoplankton progressed.
Correction: Adipic acid production from lignin
Authors: Vardon Derek R. , Franden Mary Ann , Johnson Christopher W. , Karp Eric M. , Guarnieri Michael T. , Linger Jeffrey G. , Salm Michael J. , Strathmann Timothy J. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Adipic acid production from lignin’ by Derek R. Vardon et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 617–628, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE03230F.
Enhanced simultaneous removal of Cr(vi) and Cd(ii) from aqueous solution and soil: a novel carbon microsphere–calcium alginate supported sulfide-modified nZVI composite
Authors: Liang Weiyu , Shen Yihao , Xu Chen , Cai Dongqing , Wang Dongfang , Luo Kailun , Shao Xuechun , Qiao Zhihua , Zhang Wei , Peng Cheng
Published: July 2022

Industrial production activities commonly lead to excessive hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] and cadmium [Cd(ii)] release to water and soil, which significantly endanger the ecological environment and human health.