bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT VECTORS OF CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET
Authors: Белінська Я. В. , Федорова Т. Ю.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the essence and aspects of the Chinese car market development. The effect of this development on the structure of supply and demand for cars in different countries is analyzed. The features of the government sponsorship policy for new energy vehicles are characterized. It is estimated that China’s automotive industry ranks the first place in the world ranking for the number of manufactured and sold cars. The need to explore current tendencies in Chinese automotive sector and its impact on the global car market in general has been determined. There are made conclusions regarding measures to maintain China’s position on the global automotive market.
Mathematical Methods and Models of Optimization and Control in the Formation of a Bonds Portfolio in the Derivatives Market
Authors: Arutyunov A.L.
Published: January 2021

The article presents a set of methods and models of the mathematical foundations of management based on the basic concepts of functional analysis and generalized functions, as well as martingale methods in boundary crossing problems by Brownian motion, aimed at studying and studying optimization processes in managing the effectiveness of the stock and bond portfolio on the valuable market securities (derivatives).
Construction of Distributions of Population on Incomes for Inertia Scenario of Social Politics
Authors: Faerman E.Yu. , Tarasova N.A. , Vasilyeva I.A.
Published: January 2021

The calculation of income at different levels of the income vertical includes an analysis of the distribution of the population by (simple) income and the calculation of income that has undergone transformation in the implementation of a particular social policy and a particular direction (stage) of it. At the same time, it is necessary to formalize the task of finding the family structure of the population in order to build a curve of income distribution.
Participation of State Statistics Resources in the Formation of Strategic Planning Documents
Authors: Petukhova O.V.
Published: January 2021

Various forms of Rosstat's participation in the development of the strategic planning system are shown and the forms of its possible participation as it develops are suggested. Situations that arise in the process of developing strategic planning documents at various levels are identified and described, the negative consequences of which cannot be overcome without improving the methodology and methodology of statistics and the development of information technologies. The influence of state programs on the development of statistical observation methodology, as well as on the conceptual aspects and development of classification and coding systems is shown. Some of the proposals for the development of methodological support for statistics may be very timely for the purposes of information support for strategic planning, given the requirements put forward by the government of the Russian Federation for the integration of strategic planning documents at various levels.
Pattern of Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in a Secondary Level Healthcare Facility
Authors: Khalil Nazma , Pervin Rehana , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Islam Syed Monirul , Ansary Selina Afroz , Masuduzzaman Shah Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Tubal rupture following an ectopic pregnancy is usually associated with profound hemorrhage which can lead to an unstable hemodynamic state that can risk the life of the patient. To explore the pattern of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a secondary level healthcare facility, this Cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 ruptured ectopic pregnancy cases at 250 Bedded General Hospital, Tangail from January to November 2017. Cases were diagnosed by taking history (short period of amenorrhoea, acute lower abdominal pain and per-vaginal bleeding), clinical examination and relevant investigations (per-abdominal ultrasonography, TVS, CBC, serum ß-hCG level). Postoperatively, all the patients were followed up meticulously till discharge. The mean age of patients was 33.5(±7.8) years and the highest incidence (43%) was recorded in the age group of 26-30 years. All the patients were managed surgically with no record of case fatality. The most common site for the extra-uterine pregnancy was the tubal area (80%), 13% were ovarian pregnancy, 2% were abdominal and 5% were in other sites (rudimentary horn of uterus, cessarian scar). Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease was the most common risk factor (70%). Other risk factors such as, H/O receiving subfertility treatment (assisted reproduction/ ovulation inducing drugs), previous ectopic pregnancy, developmental errors of uterus, caesarean scar pregnancy and unknown cause were 10.0%, 6.0%, 3.0%, 3.0% and 8.0% respectively. The rise of serum ß-hCG level was found ≤1500 IU/L in 72% and >1500 IU/L in 28% of patients. Tubal area found to be the most common site of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in this study and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease was the most common risk factor followed by undergoing subfertility treatment.  Surgical intervention was the choice of treatment in all cases with zero fatality recorded.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 20-23
Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy, and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Debnath Purabi Rani , Debnath Dilip Kumar , Bhowmik Narayan Chandra
Published: January 2021

Diabetic nephropathy is accountable for nearly third of the world cases of last step of renal disease; it becomes a major public health problem with social and economic burden. To assess the relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients.  The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 12 months during  March 2018- February’ 2019 and were assess for the relationship between Retinopathy and Nephropathy. All patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy were included in the study. Majority (64.0%) patients had diabetic nephropathy and 36(36.0%) had not diabetic nephropathy. Almost three fourth (73.4%) patients was found diabetic retinopathy in diabetic retinopathy and 27(54.0%) in without diabetic retinopathy. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. This study suggests that Diabetic Nephropathy has a significant association with the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy in persons with Type II DM.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 24-27
Obituary News May-2019 Vol. 48(2)
Authors: Halim Kazi Shafiqul
Published: January 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 55
Third Trimester Placental Grading by Ultrasonography and its Relationship with Fetal Outcome
Authors: Begum Farzana , Jesmin Shahela , Khatun Rokeya , Parvin Somerose , Rahman Anisur
Published: January 2021

Background: Antenatal ultrasound assessment of placental morphology plays an important role in evaluating fetal health, revealing abnormalities, such as infract & calcification.  Abnormal placental maturity is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. In some high risk pregnancy placental maturity is accelerated as in pregancy –induced hypertension (PIH), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), whether in other high risk cases like diabetes and Rh-isoimmunization there is delayed placental maturation.

Objectives: This was a cross sectional type of descriptive study. The study was carried out to assess placental grading by USG in high risk and normal pregnancy for predicting neonatal outcome.

Material and method: The study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in collaboration with the Department of Radiology & Imaging of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. : A total 200 pregnant mother, attending the inpatient department constituted study population who delivered their babies at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital were selected in antenatal period for USG examination to detect placental grade.

Result: Ultrasonography showed, 35% had Grade-II placental maturity, 33.5%- Grade-III, 25% Grade - I and 6.5% had Grade-0 maturity. Majority of the mother (75%) were normal and had healthy baby. The relationship of placental maturity with gestational age of mother in normal pregnancy and in high risk pregnancy was found to be statistically significant. Placental maturity and fetal outcome in normal pregnancy was found significantly associated (p<0.001) but in high risk pregnancy it was not associated significantly (p>0.5). Early maturation of placenta in hypertensive women and delayed maturation in diabetic women were observed.

Conclusion: Sonographic diagnosis of grade-III placenta has been reported to be as excellent predictor of fetal lung maturity than difficult and hazardous invasive procedure like amniocentesis.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 94-99
Atuação fonoaudiológica em home care
Authors: Silva Keyla Maria da Rocha , Sampaio Danilo
Published: January 2021

O fonoaudiólogo em Home care atua gerenciando as necessidade dos paciented, como por exemplo, em disfagias, realizando avaliações contínuas, além de especificar os métodos mais adequados de tratamento. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa consiste em analisar a importância da atuação do fonoaudiólogo no ambiente domiciliar. Dentre os objetivos específicos ressaltam-se: identificar qual o papel do fonoaudiólogo no home care; verificar quais os benefícios para o paciente em realizar o tratamento em casa; demonstrar quais as principais demandas da atuação do fonoaudiólogo em home care. A problemática da pesquisa reside no seguinte questionamento: qual a importância da atuação fonoaudiológica na residencia dos pacientes? No que se refere a metologia a pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, de análise qualitativa, tendo como intuito a sistematização de resultados de fontes teóricas variadas sobre a presente  temática, em especial artigos disponibilizados em bases de dados direcionadas a pesquisa científica, como Scielo, Capes, Scholar. Evidenciou-se por meio dos estudos encontrados que o fonoaudiólogo é de suma importância para um atendimento personalizado, pois proporciona a diminuição dos riscos de internações, evitando, dessa forma, exposições ao ambiente hospitalar, com a privacidade do leito familiar, facilitando o tratamento, pois o apoio emocional é de fundamental importância para a recuperação.
Principais erros encontrados em radiografias descartadas na clínica escola de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Lima Filipe de Oliveira , Gominho Luciana Ferraz , Penha Elizandra Silva da , Almeida Manuella Santos Carneiro , Teodoro Maria Kaline Romero , Santos Thallita Alves dos , Andrade Mateus Araújo , Silva Quemuel Pereira da , Santana Maria Tays Pereira , Nogueira Paula Lima , Araújo Amanda da Silva , Dantas Maria Vitória Oliveira
Published: January 2021

A existência de falhas, sejam elas provocadas durante a exposição ou no processamento radiográfico, resulta em imagens inadequadas que podem interferir no diagnóstico e no tratamento do paciente. O objetivo do presente estudo é fornecer informações sobre os principais tipos de erros cometidos pelos acadêmicos do curso de odontologia e as eventuais causas desses erros em radiografias periapicais. É um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional, com abordagem indutiva e procedimento comparativo, estatístico e descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da análise das radiografias descartadas pelos estudantes por erros radiográficas que inviabilizaram a sua utilização. Os erros foram categorizados em erros de técnica radiográfica e erros de processamento radiográfico. No total foram coletadas 114 radiografias as quais faram analizadas por 3 cirurgiões-dentistas. Os erros de técnica radiográfica foram os mais encontrados, correspondendo a 81,58% da amostra total. Já os erros no processamento radiográficos foram de 18,42%. Dentre esses, o enquadramento com cortes de dentes foi o erro mais encontrado (35,9%), seguido pela subexposição (21,05%), superexposição (14,04%) e erro na angulagem vertical (9,65%). Em menores percentuais foram encontradas radiografias parcialmente reveladas (6,14%), radiografias manchadas (5,26%), películas amareladas (5,26%), aparecimento de meia lua (1,35%) e riscadas (1,35%). Pode-se concluir que as principais causas desses erros o posicionamento inadequado do paciente e do aparelho de raios X, radiografias que passaram pouco ou muito tempo em contato com as soluções reveladoras, manuseio inadequado da película após a revelação, armazenamento inapropriado, além de soluções com tempo de uso prolongado indicando esgotamento químico.
Formação do enfermeiro na perspectiva do cuidado integral e trabalho em equipe
Authors: Gallotti Fernanda Costa Martins , Santos Lorena Emanuelle  Rodrigues dos , Dias Vanessa Gomes Alves , Farias Queila Samara dos Santos , Martins Manuela  de Carvalho Vieira , Góis Rebecca Maria Oliveira de , Rosa Maria Pureza Ramos de Santa , Lima Rodrigo Gallotti , Trindade Lenilson Santos da , Serafini Mairim Russo
Published: January 2021

Prestar um cuidado integral é importante para que o paciente tenha suas necessidades atendidas em diferentes ângulos. Este estudo objetivou analisar a percepção dos acadêmicos sobre a integralidade do cuidado e trabalho em equipe no processo de sua formação profissional. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa de corte transversal. Participaram da pesquisa 191 estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade privada de Aracaju do sexto ao décimo período. Com predomínio de respostas do sexo feminino, as respostas evidenciaram a importância de iniciar atividades que estimulem o trabalho em equipe e a integralidade no cuidado ainda durante a formação profissional. É de extrema importância a inserção do trabalho em equipe e do cuidado integral nas grades curriculares, sendo considerado o primeiro passo para conseguir uma assistência de qualidade em todos os sistemas de saúde.
The Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Prothrombotic State in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Remková A , Remko M
Published: January 2021

Rheological, haemostatic, endothelial and platelet abnormalities appear to play a role in the thrombotic complications of hypertension. This prothrombotic/hypercoagulable state in hypertension may contribute to the increased risk and severity of target organ damage. It can be induced by the activated reninangiotensin system (RAS), with abnormalities in endothelial and platelet function, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension by RAS targeting antihypertensive therapy could result in a reversal of prothrombotic abnormalities, contributing to a reduction of thrombosis-related complications. Since angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have two distinct mechanisms of RAS interruption, it is hypothesized that each therapy might have different impact on the prothrombotic state in hypertensive patients. Some studies demonstrate a beneficial effect of both ACE inhibitors and ARBs on prothrombotic state, in addition to their efficacy to normalize elevated blood pressure. The potentially antithrombotic effect of the RAS inhibiting agents may in turn support the preservation of cardiovascular function. Available data may offer an additional explanation for the efficacy of the RAS targeting agents in the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en équidos destinados para consumo humano en una planta de beneficio en Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Castaño-González Ana Lucia , Ramírez Arias León Darío , Casas Soto Maria José
Published: January 2021

Existen pocos reportes de la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en equinos faenados para consumo humano en Colombia, por esta razón fueron muestreados 1050 equinos que ingresaron a una planta de beneficio en Antioquia, con el fin de determinar la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales que más afecta a los équidos. La muestra fue tomada directamente del recto con todas las medidas higiénico sanitarias. A cada muestra de materia fecal se le realizó examen coprológico a través de la técnica de flotación con solución sobresaturada de NaCl. Del 100% de los animales evaluados no fue posible saber si contaban o no con plan sanitario ya que la gran mayoría de équidos ingresaban a la planta por mercaderes los cuales no registraban ninguno de estos datos, por lo que se registraron sin plan sanitario. Los parásitos encontrados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Strongylos sp (72,1%), seguido por Entamoeba histolytica (1,0%), Endolimax nana (0,9%), Parascaris sp (0,8%), Oxyuris sp (0,8%), Entamoeba coli (0,3%), y Blastocystis hominus (0,2%). Siendo la mayor cantidad de caballos provenientes de Córdoba (71%), seguido por Antioquia (23%), Bolívar (3,0%) y por último Sucre (2,7%). De la cantidad de animales muestreados 995 eran caballos y 55 asnales, además se evidenció que las hembras presentaban un mayor porcentaje 53.2% respecto a los machos 46.8%.
Modulo IP basado en FPGA para la decodificación de encoders de cuadratura
Authors: Suárez-Gómez Andrés David , Pérez-Holguín Wilson Javier
Published: January 2021

Los encoders de cuadratura son los sensores más ampliamente utilizados para medir la posición, velocidad y aceleración de motores. Para su correcto funcionamiento se requiere la implementación de circuitos de decodificación basados en el conteo de pulsos y la determinación de la dirección de rotación, que consideren el uso eficiente de recursos y la eliminación de errores. Dichos circuitos se implementan usualmente en microcontroladores; sin embargo, las FPGAs tienen características que las hacen ideales para este tipo de aplicaciones. En este trabajo se presenta un módulo IP para el acondicionamiento de cuatro encoders de cuadratura, que genera valores de conteo para cada encoder en una base de tiempo que puede ser determinada interna o externamente y elimina los errores que se presentan en los cambios de dirección de rotación. Se presentan los resultados de simulación de la descripción de hardware y su implementación en un robot móvil basado en FPGA.
Lógica del tercero incluido; un ejercicio realizado con una estudiante ciega
Authors: Pantoja-Agreda Fernando Ulpiano
Published: January 2021

Este artículo corresponde a una experiencia práctica sobre las dificultades vivenciadas de educación especial en enseñanza superior de una estudiante con limitación visual (LV) total, desde el curso lógica matemática, planteadas con filosofía de pensamiento complejo y lógica del tercero incluido; la metodología adoptada es parte del protocolo establecido por la institución educativa y se adapta a las condiciones reales por el equipo interdisciplinario de apoyo, en busca de que la estudiante logre los objetivos propuestos; el problema corresponde al aprendizaje de los conceptos gráficos en lógica matemática para su adecuado desempeño; dicho cumplimiento se evidencia mediante la valoración emitida por el tutor virtual, evaluación en línea y tutor de apoyo; como resultados se resalta la nota de 3.8 sobre 5, en conclusión se entiende que la ceguera no debe ser causal de obstáculo en el proyecto de vida de la estudiante.
Lessons from Covid 19 experience for African governments: towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Bisong Peter Bisong
Published: January 2021

Covid 19 is an unfortunate situation that nevertheless could be said to have produced environmentally beneficial results. It has forced Africans and humanity in general to change attitudes and lifestyles that were hitherto inimical to the environment to ones that could restore the environment. For the sake of survival, consumerism which is one of the greatest hallmarks of Africans and a source of depletion of earth resources has given way to frugality; transportation activities that is one of the greatest sources of global warming have significantly reduced and most importantly human population which has terrifically posed as a threat to the survival of the environment is being forcefully checked. These and many other life changes in human beings, though accidental, are healing the environment, and the paper argues that if they are sustained, the environment will totally be restored to sound health. Most of these changes will naturally be sustained even after the Covid 19 pandemic, for as Aristotle acknowledged, actions perpetrated for a long time become habituated. However, I believe that if conscious efforts are also made to sustain these changed attitudes, then the environmental crisis currently enveloping the globe will be halted. The paper using philosophical methods of criticality and argumentation concludes that Covid 19 though tragic for humans, nevertheless has lessons that could be useful for the present drive to sustain the environment and by that prevent future pandemic that could be environmentally related. The paper argues vehemently that African governments must steer their developmental agenda towards environmental sustenance in line with Covid 19 seeming directives to humanity.
The Correlation Between the Gravitational Constant and Distance from Matter
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: January 2021

Here I show that we are able to consider a large value for the gravitational constant, G, at the vicinity of matter (r<1Å). Today physics and chemistry extremely need to this choice. The large value of G causes significant results in physics and chemistry. By considering a large value for G, at the vicinity of matter, the stability of atom and atomic and molecular bonds can be explained by a different method. Moreover, here I prove that the value of vacuum permittivity, at the vicinity of a charged particle (r<1Å), is larger than its present value and the Spacetime lines interact with electric field lines. Also, I obtain a new equation (not a new value) for a very important constant, namely fine-structure constant, with the presence of the gravitational constant, G.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on eating habits and lifestyles of university students in confinement due to COVID-19
Authors: Cofré Sebastian , Perez Victoria , Giuras Nicole , Pino Jose , Diaz Claudio , Argüello Graciela
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was to carry out the translation to the Spanish language, the cross-cultural adaptation, and the validation of an online questionnaire to assess eating habits and lifestyles of university students under confinement due to COVID-19. Methods: Phase 1 considered the participationof bilingual dietitians for the cultural adaptation, discussion, evaluation and the generation of a pilot to validate. In Phase 2, information from the questionnaire was collected from two hundred and sixty-eight university students.Results: The adapted questionnaire was statistically validated in three dimensions: (A) Self-report of COVID-19, (B) Eating habits and behaviors during quarantine, and (C) Lifestyle changes during the quarantine. The reliability of Cronbach's α for dimensions A, B and C was 0.79, 0.59 and 0.43, respectively. The complete questionnaire obtained 0.71. Conclusions: The adaptations of this questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability and validity to assess people's eating habits and lifestyle in the context of the COVID-19 confinement.
The Influence of Energy Drinks on Lower Limb Neuromuscular Timing and Postural Sway in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Rosario Martín G. , Jamison Leah , Hyder Aneesah
Published: January 2021

Energy drinks have become popular during the last few years. Many researchers explain the benefits the beverage has on sports or college settings. Other studies focused on the negative position of these drinks, such as reducing blood flow and balance alterations. Various modifications related to energy drink intake might be at a more system and physiological level, like the central nervous system and neuromuscular control.

Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the influence of a standard 16-ounce energy drink on neuromuscular timing and standing postural compensation of young, healthy adults while performing a series of complex dual-motor tasks.

Methods: Nine females and four males were recruited, screened, and signed the informed consent to be studied for this work. All participants were apparently healthy young adults with no underlying conditions that could potentially impact muscle activation and balance. The Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius neuromuscular timing data were collected with surface EMG electrodes. Accelerometers and gyroscopes were used to collect postural sway data. Subjects were asked to execute four balance tasks pre-energy drink consumption, and the same tasks were repeated post energy drink consumption to equate data points.

Results: Postural Sway was comparable before and after energy drink intake. Neuromuscular timing data indicates modifications of nerve conduction on the Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius musculature.

Conclusion: We infer that the ingredients in energy drinks, including guarana and B-vitamins, are altering nerve conduction velocity in postural muscles. Future studies should research the influence of energy drinks in different scenarios and different populations.
Intracellular Ca2 + Imbalance Critically Contributes to Paraptosis
Authors: Kim Eunhee , Lee Dong Min , Seo Min Ji , Lee Hong Jae , Choi Kyeong Sook
Published: January 2021

Paraptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is characterized by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or mitochondria. Since paraptosis is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis, understanding its regulatory mechanisms may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in malignant cancer cells that have proven resistant to conventional pro-apoptotic treatments. Relatively little is known about the molecular basis of paraptosis, but perturbations of cellular proteostasis and ion homeostasis appear to critically contribute to the process. Ca2+ transport has been shown to be important in the paraptosis induced by several natural products, metal complexes, and co-treatment with proteasome inhibitors and certain Ca2+-modulating agents. In particular, the Ca2+-mediated communication between the ER and mitochondria plays a crucial role in paraptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload from the intracellular Ca2+-flux system located at the ER–mitochondrial axis can induce mitochondrial dilation during paraptosis, while the accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER lumen is believed to exert an osmotic force and draw water from the cytoplasm to distend the ER lumen. In this process, Ca2+ release from the ER also critically contributes to aggravating ER stress and ER dilation. This review focuses on the role of Ca2+ transport in paraptosis by summarizing the recent findings related to the actions of Ca2+-modulating paraptosis-inducing agents and discussing the potential cancer therapeutic strategies that may effectively induce paraptosis via Ca2+ signaling.
Export Control: Post-transcriptional Regulation of the COPII Trafficking Pathway
Authors: Bisnett Brittany J. , Condon Brett M. , Lamb Caitlin H. , Georgiou George R. , Boyce Michael
Published: January 2021

The coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates forward trafficking of protein and lipid cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum. COPII is an ancient and essential pathway in all eukaryotes and COPII dysfunction underlies a range of human diseases. Despite this broad significance, major aspects of COPII trafficking remain incompletely understood. For example, while the biochemical features of COPII vesicle formation are relatively well characterized, much less is known about how the COPII system dynamically adjusts its activity to changing physiologic cues or stresses. Recently, post-transcriptional mechanisms have emerged as a major mode of COPII regulation. Here, we review the current literature on how post-transcriptional events, and especially post-translational modifications, govern the COPII pathway.
Identification of Key Histone Modifications and Their Regulatory Regions on Gene Expression Level Changes in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Lu-Qiang , Fan Guo-Liang , Liu Jun-Jie , Liu Li , Li Qian-Zhong , Lin Hao
Published: January 2021

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer with a series of characteristics that make it particularly suitable for observations on leukemogenesis. Research have exhibited that the occurrence and progression of CML are associated with the dynamic alterations of histone modification (HM) patterns. In this study, we analyze the distribution patterns of 11 HM signals and calculate the signal changes of these HMs in CML cell lines as compared with that in normal cell lines. Meanwhile, the impacts of HM signal changes on expression level changes of CML-related genes are investigated. Based on the alterations of HM signals between CML and normal cell lines, the up- and down-regulated genes are predicted by the random forest algorithm to identify the key HMs and their regulatory regions. Research show that H3K79me2, H3K36me3, and H3K27ac are key HMs to expression level changes of CML-related genes in leukemogenesis. Especially H3K79me2 and H3K36me3 perform their important functions in all 100 bins studied. Our research reveals that H3K79me2 and H3K36me3 may be the core HMs for the clinical treatment of CML.
Effects of Ion Characteristics on the Leaching of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ore
Authors: Zhang Zhenyue , Chi Ru'an , Chen Zhuo , Chen Wendou
Published: January 2021

To reveal the ion-exchange mechanism in the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with different leaching agents, the effects of a variety of cations and anions at different concentrations on the leaching process were investigated, including Al3+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+ and Cl−, NO3-, and SO42-. Meanwhile, the relationships between different concentrations of cations and anions and leaching efficiency were investigated, as was the relationship between different concentrations of cations and anions and zeta potential. The effect of different ions on the swelling of clay minerals during leaching process was also investigated. The results shown that NH4+ was the most affected electrolyte cation in terms of rare earth leaching efficiency during the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore among three different cationic valence states, and the leaching efficiency was 86.93% at the optimal leaching concentration. The influence of the three anions on the leaching efficiency of rare earth was NO3->Cl->SO42-, and the leaching efficiency of rare earth were 83.21, 81.52, and 80.12% at the optimal leaching concentration, respectively. The NH4+ had the greatest effect on the zeta potential of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore, and the zeta potential was −18.1 mV at the optimal leaching concentration. Additionally, the order of the effect of three anions on zeta potential was SO42->NO3->Cl-. Combined with the effect on the rare earth leaching process, anions and cations were considered separately, and NH4+ and Cl− were selected; the relationship between the rare earth leaching efficiency and zeta potential conforms to the follow equations: NH4+:Y = −0.48X2 – 13.51X – 1.58, R2 = 0.98133 and Cl−:Y= −1.22X2 – 17.64X + 23.29, R2 = 0.99010. It was also found in the swelling experiment of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore that the swelling ratio of clay minerals was the lowest when the cation and anion were NH4+ and Cl− and the swelling ratios were 1.874 and 2.015%, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China
Authors: Kang Xun , Wang Yanhong , Li Siping , Sun Xiaomei , Lu Xiangyang , Rajaofera Mamy Jayne Nelly , Lu Yajun , Kang Le , Zheng Aihua , Zou Zhen , Xia Qianfeng
Published: January 2021

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.
Going Viral: How Fear, Socio-Cognitive Polarization and Problem-Solving Influence Fake News Detection and Proliferation During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Salvi Carola , Iannello Paola , Cancer Alice , McClay Mason , Rago Sabrina , Dunsmoor Joseph E. , Antonietti Alessandro
Published: January 2021

In times of uncertainty, people often seek out information to help alleviate fear, possibly leaving them vulnerable to false information. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we attended to a viral spread of incorrect and misleading information that compromised collective actions and public health measures to contain the spread of the disease. We investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on social and cognitive factors including believing in fake news, bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, and problem-solving—within two of the populations that have been severely hit by COVID-19: Italy and the United States of America. To gain a better understanding of the role of misinformation during the early height of the COVID-19 pandemic, we also investigated whether problem-solving ability and socio-cognitive polarization were associated with believing in fake news. Results showed that fear of COVID-19 is related to seeking out information about the virus and avoiding infection in the Italian and American samples, as well as a willingness to share real news (COVID and non-COVID-related) headlines in the American sample. However, fear positively correlated with bullshit receptivity, suggesting that the pandemic might have contributed to creating a situation where people were pushed toward pseudo-profound existential beliefs. Furthermore, problem-solving ability was associated with correctly discerning real or fake news, whereas socio-cognitive polarization was the strongest predictor of believing in fake news in both samples. From these results, we concluded that a construct reflecting cognitive rigidity, neglecting alternative information, and black-and-white thinking negatively predicts the ability to discern fake from real news. Such a construct extends also to reasoning processes based on thinking outside the box and considering alternative information such as problem-solving.
Free Indirect Discourse in Non-fiction
Authors: Stokke Andreas
Published: January 2021

This paper considers some uses of Free Indirect Discourse within non-fictional discourse. It is shown that these differ from ordinary uses in that they do not attribute actual thoughts or utterances. I argue that the explanation for this is that these uses of Free Indirect Discourse are not assertoric. Instead, it is argued here that they are fictional uses, that is, they are used with fictional force like utterances used to tell a fictional story. Rather than making assertions about the actual world, these occurrences of Free Indirect Discourse introduce localized fictional scenarios from which audiences are meant to learn factual information. As such, they exhibit some of the ways in which the involvement of perspective in historical fiction has been shown to facilitate learning and retention of information.
A World for Reactive Phenotypes
Authors: Geffroy Benjamin , Alfonso Sébastien , Sadoul Bastien , Blumstein Daniel T.
Published: January 2021

Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive phenotype—should better cope with sudden and widespread HIREC than their counterparts' proactive phenotypes. If true, this selective response would have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences and can therefore impact conservation strategies, specifically with respect to managing the distribution and abundance of individuals and maintaining evolutionary potential. These insights may help design adaptive management strategies to maintain genetic variation in the context of HIREC.
The Disaster Taxon Lystrosaurus: A Paleontological Myth
Authors: Modesto Sean P.
Published: January 2021

The term “disaster species” was a term originally conceived to describe marine microfossils that exhibited profound abundances in the wake of a biological crisis. The term was expanded in the 1990s to describe (as “disaster taxa”) opportunistic taxa that dominated their biota numerically (“bloomed”) during the survival interval of a mass extinction event. The Permo-Triassic tetrapod genusLystrosaurushas been cited regularly as a “disaster taxon” of the end-Permian mass extinction. A review of the definitions that have been developed for disaster taxa, and data from recent biostratigraphic and phylogenetic studies that include species ofLystrosaurus, leads to the conclusion that the genus is not a “disaster taxon”. Further, the known biostratigraphy and tree topologies of species ofLystrosaurusdo not satisfy more recent definitions that attribute diversification to disaster species. At most, species ofLystrosaurusthat form the informal “Lystrosaurusabundant zone” in the lower Katberg Formation, Lower Triassic of South Africa, could be described as opportunistic species.
Dispersed Variable-Retention Harvesting Mitigates N Losses on Harvested Sites in Conjunction With Changes in Soil Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Churchland Carolyn , Bengtson Per , Prescott Cindy E. , Grayston Sue J.
Published: January 2021

As an alternative to clear-cutting, variable-retention harvesting is now standard forest management practice on the coast of British Columbia and in temperate forests globally, due to the benefits associated with maintaining mature forest species and forest structural diversity. Although there is some evidence that variable-retention harvesting, particularly single-tree (dispersed) retention will mitigate the impacts of clear-cutting on soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling, findings have been inconsistent. We examined microbial community structure (phospholipid-fatty acid), and nutrient availability (PRSTM probes) in a large (aggregated) retention patch and over three harvesting treatments: dispersed retention, clear-cut and clear-cut edge 2 years after harvest. Unlike previous studies, we did not observe elevated nitrate in the harvested areas, instead ammonium was elevated. Availability of N and other nutrients were surprisingly similar between the dispersed-retention treatment and the retention patch. The microbial community, however, was different in the clear-cut and dispersed-retention treatments, mostly due to significantly lower abundance of fungi combined with an increase in bacteria, specifically Gram-negative bacteria. This was accompanied by lower δ13CPDB value of the Gram-negative PLFA's in these treatments, suggesting the decline in mycorrhizal fungal abundance may have allowed the dominant Gram-negative bacteria to access more of the recently photosynthesized C. This shift in the microbial community composition in the dispersed-retention treatment did not appear to have a major impact on microbial functioning and nutrient availability, indicating that this harvesting practice is more effective at maintaining generic microbial functions/processes. However, as Mn levels were twice as high in the retention patch compared to the harvested treatments, indicating the other “narrow” processes (i.e., those performed by a small number of specialized microorganisms), such as lignin degradation, catalyzed by Mn peroxidase, which concomitantly removes Mn from solution, may be more sensitive to harvesting regimes. The effect of harvesting on such narrow nutrient cycling processes requires further investigation.
Genome Engineering in Plant Using an Efficient CRISPR-xCas9 Toolset With an Expanded PAM Compatibility
Authors: Zhang Chengwei , Kang Guiting , Liu Xinxiang , Zhao Si , Yuan Shuang , Li Lu , Yang Yongxing , Wang Feipeng , Zhang Xiang , Yang Jinxiao
Published: January 2021

The CRISPR-Cas9 system enables simple, rapid, and effective genome editing in many species. Nevertheless, the requirement of an NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) for the widely used canonical Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) limits the potential target sites. The xCas9, an engineered SpCas9 variant, was developed to broaden the PAM compatibility to NG, GAA, and GAT PAMs in human cells. However, no knockout rice plants were generated for GAA PAM sites, and only one edited target with a GAT PAM was reported. In this study, we used tRNA and enhanced sgRNA (esgRNA) to develop an efficient CRISPR-xCas9 genome editing system able to mutate genes at NG, GAA, GAT, and even GAG PAM sites in rice. We also developed the corresponding xCas9-based cytosine base editor (CBE) that can edit the NG and GA PAM sites. These new editing tools will be useful for future rice research or breeding, and may also be applicable for other related plant species.
From Identification to Intelligence: An Assessment of the Suitability of Forensic DNA Phenotyping Service Providers for Use in Australian Law Enforcement Casework
Authors: Atwood Lauren , Raymond Jennifer , Sears Alison , Bell Michael , Daniel Runa
Published: January 2021

Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) is an established but evolving field of DNA testing. It provides intelligence regarding the appearance (externally visible characteristics), biogeographical ancestry and age of an unknown donor and, although not necessarily a requirement for its casework application, has been previously used as a method of last resort in New South Wales (NSW) Police Force investigations. FDP can further assist law enforcement agencies by re-prioritising an existing pool of suspects or generating a new pool of suspects. In recent years, this capability has become ubiquitous with a wide range of service providers offering their expertise to law enforcement and the public. With the increase in the number of providers offering FDP and its potential to direct and target law enforcement resources, a thorough assessment of the applicability of these services was undertaken. Six service providers of FDP were assessed for suitability for NSW Police Force casework based on prediction accuracy, clarity of reporting, limitations of testing, cost and turnaround times. From these assessment criteria, a service provider for the prediction of biogeographical ancestry, hair and eye colour was deemed suitable for use in NSW Police Force casework. Importantly, the study highlighted the need for standardisation of terminology and reporting in this evolving field, and the requirement for interpretation by biologists with specialist expertise to translate the scientific data to intelligence for police investigators.
Cybrid Model Supports Mitochondrial Genetic Effect on Pig Litter Size
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Jikun , Wang Dan , Kong Minghua , Ning Chao , Zhang Xing , Xiao Jinlong , Zhang Xin , Liu Jianfeng , Zhao Xingbo
Published: January 2021

In pigs, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism and the correlation to reproductive performance across breeds and individuals have been largely reported, however, experimental proof has never been provided. In this study, we analyzed 807 sows for correlation of total number born (TNB) and mitotype, which presented the maximum of 1.73 piglets for mtDNA contribution. Cybrid models representing different mitotypes were generated for identification of the mtDNA effect. Results indicated significant differences on cellular and molecular characteristics among cybrids, including energy metabolic traits, mtDNA copy numbers and transcriptions, mRNA and protein expressions on mitochondrial biogenesis genes and reproduction-related genes. Referring to mitotypes, the cybrids with prolific mitotypes presented significantly higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR) productions, mtDNA transcriptions and copy numbers than those with common mitotypes, while both mRNA and protein expressions of PPARA, TFAM, ER1, ER2, and ESRRG in prolific cybrids were significantly higher than those with common mitotypes. Cybrid models reflected the mtDNA effect on pig litter size, suggesting the potential application of mtDNA polymorphism in pig selection and breeding practices.
Genetic Variation in an Experimental Goldfish Derived From Hybridization
Authors: Wang Jing , He Weiguo , Zeng Jinfeng , Li Lixin , Zhang Guigui , Li Tangluo , Xiang Caixia , Chai Mingli , Liu Shaojun
Published: January 2021

Owning to the extreme difficulty in identifying the primary generation (G0), the common ancestor of various twin-tail goldfish strains remains unclear. However, several authors have hypothesized that this ancestor may have been the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Previously, we generated an experimental hybrid goldfish (EG) from the interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus♀, RCC) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio♂, CC). Unlike either parent, EG possessed twin caudal fins similar to those of natural goldfish (Carassius auratus, NG). The genetic characteristics of EG, as well as the mechanisms underlying its formation, are largely unknown. Here, we identified the genetic variation in thechordingene that was associated with the formation of the twin-tail phenotype in EG: a stop codon mutation at the 127thamino acid. Furthermore, simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping indicated that, among the six alleles, all of the EG alleles were also present in female parent (RCC), but alleles specific to the male parent (CC) were completely lost. At some loci, EG and NG alleles differed, showing that these morphologically similar goldfish were genetically dissimilar. Collectively, our results demonstrated that genetic variations and differentiation contributed to the changes of morphological characteristics in hybrid offspring. This analysis of genetic variation in EG sheds new light on the common ancestor of NG, as well as on the role of hybridization and artificial breeding in NG speciation.