bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D visual cueing shortens the double support phase of the gait cycle in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease treated with DBS of the STN
Authors: Poláková Kamila , Růžička Evžen , Jech Robert , Kemlink David , Rusz Jan , Miletínová Eva , Brožová Hana
Published: December 2020

Background

Gait disturbances have emerged as some of the main therapeutic concerns in late-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with dopaminergic therapy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). External cues may help to overcome freezing of gait (FOG) and improve some of the gait parameters.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of 3D visual cues and STN-DBS on gait in PD group.

Methods

We enrolled 35 PD patients treated with DBS of nucleus subthalamicus (STN-DBS). Twenty-five patients (5 females; mean age 58.9 ±6.3) and 25 sex- and age-matched controls completed the gait examination. The gait in 10 patients deteriorated in OFF state. The severity of PD was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY). The PD group filled the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ). Gait was examined using the GaitRite Analysis System, placed in the middle of the 10m marked path. The PD group was tested without dopaminergic medication with and without visual cueing together with the DBS switched ON and OFF. The setting of DBS was double-blind and performed in random order.

Results

The UPDRS was 21.9 ±9.5 in DBS ON state and 41.3 ±13.7 in DBS OFF state. HY was 2.5 ±0.6, FES 12.4 ±4.1 and FOGQ 9.4 ±5.7. In the DBS OFF state, PD group walked more slowly with shorter steps, had greater step length variability and longer duration of the double support phase compared to healthy controls. The walking speed and step length increased in the DBS ON state. The double support phase was reduced with 3D visual cueing and DBS; the combination of both cueing and DBS was even more effective.

Conclusion

Cueing with 3D visual stimuli shortens the double support phase in PD patients treated with DBS-STN. The DBS is more effective in prolonging step length and increasing gait speed. We conclude that 3D visual cueing can improve walking in patients with DBS.
A protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at 23 to 30 weeks of gestation
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Park Kyo Hoon , Kim Yu Mi , Joo Eunwook , Ahn Kwanghee , Shin Sue
Published: December 2020

Objective

We sought to identify novel biomarkers in the amniotic fluid (AF) related to imminent spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) (≤ 14 days after sampling) in women with early preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), using a protein microarray.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study of a total of 88 singleton pregnant women with PPROM (23+0 to 30+6 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis. A nested case-control study for biomarker discovery was conducted using pooled AF samples from controls (non-imminent delivery, n = 15) and cases (imminent SPTD, n = 15), which were analyzed using an antibody microarray. Quantitative validation of four candidate proteins was performed, using ELISA, in the total cohort (n = 88). IL-8, MMP-9, and Fas levels were additionally measured for the comparison and to examine association of SPTD with the etiologic factors of PPROM.

Results

Of all the proteins studied in the protein microarray, four showed significant intergroup differences. Analyses of the total cohort by ELISA confirmed the significantly elevated concentrations of AF lipocalin-2, MMP-9, and S100 A8/A9, but not of endostatin and Fas, in women who delivered within 14 days of sampling. For inflammatory proteins showing a significant association, the odds of SPTD within 14 days increased significantly with an increase in baseline AF levels of the proteins (P for trend <0.05 for each) in each quartile, especially in the 3rd and 4th quartile.

Conclusions

We identified several potential novel biomarkers (i.e., lipocalin-2, MMP-9, and S100 A8/A9) related to SPTD within 14 days of sampling, all of which are inflammation-related molecules. Furthermore, the SPTD risk increased with increasing quartiles of each of these inflammatory proteins, especially the 3rd and 4th quartile of each protein. The present findings may highlight the importance of inflammatory mechanisms and the degree of activated inflammatory response in developing SPTD in early PPROM.
Minimizing isotropic and deviatoric membrane energy – An unifying formation mechanism of different cellular membrane nanovesicle types
Authors: Kralj-Iglič Veronika , Pocsfalvi Gabriella , Mesarec Luka , Šuštar Vid , Hägerstrand Henry , Iglič Aleš
Published: December 2020

Tiny membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that can mediate interactions between cells and organisms have recently become a subject of increasing attention. In this work the mechanism of formation of cell membrane nanovesicles (CNVs) was studied experimentally and theoretically. CNVs were isolated by centrifugation and washing of blood cells and observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the biological membrane in the budding process, as observed in phospholipid vesicles, in erythrocytes and in CNVs, was described by an unifying model. Taking the mean curvature h and the curvature deviator d of the membrane surface as the relevant parameters, the shape and the distribution of membrane constituents were determined theoretically by minimization of membrane free energy. Considering these results and previous results on vesiculation of red blood cells it was interpreted that the budding processes may lead to formation of different types of CNVs as regards the compartment (exo/endovesicles), shape (spherical/tubular/torocytic) and composition (enriched/depleted in particular kinds of molecules). It was concluded that the specificity of pinched off nanovesicles derives from the shape of the membrane constituents and not primarily from their chemical identity, which explains evidences on great heterogeneity of isolated extracellular vesicles with respect to composition.
Associated factors, health-related quality of life, and reported costs of chronic otitis media in adults at two otologic referral centers in a middle-income country
Authors: Pérez-Herrera Lucia C. , Peñaranda Daniel , Moreno-López Sergio , Otoya-Tono Ana M. , Gutiérrez- Velasco Lorena , García Juan Manuel , Peñaranda Augusto
Published: December 2020

Background

Despite the high prevalence of chronic otitis media (COM) in low to middle-income countries, there are few studies regarding its associated factors, health-related quality of life, and treatment costs. This study aimed to identify associated factors of COM, assess its impact on the quality of life as well as estimate the patients’ reported costs of COM treatment in Colombia.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. Two otology-referral centers in Bogotá (Colombia) were included. Questionnaires focusing on sociodemographic and clinical associated factors, quality of life, and patients’ reported costs were administered to 200 adults with COM diagnosis and 144 control adults. Otoscopic evaluation and audiometric data were collected.

Results

The mean age was 42.2 years (SD: 14.44). The median length of COM was 26.13 years (SD: 17.06), and 79.5% of the COM patients reported otorrhea during childhood (P-value: 0.01). The most frequently reported allergic disease among our study population was allergic rhinitis (26.5%). COM was less frequent in patients with a medium-high socioeconomic status (PR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39–0.72), and more frequent in patients who reported increased ear discharge due to upper respiratory tract infections (PR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.68–1.70). The global score of the “Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Questionnaire-12” showed a difference of 9 points between patients with active and inactive COM (P < 0.001). Patients spent between 12.07% to 60.37% of their household income on expenses related to COM.

Conclusions

Associated factors found in this study are consistent with previous reports. COM has a significant financial impact and affects patients’ quality of life. Worldwide research addressing these issues in poor-resource countries is scarce, further studies are needed.
Need for manual segmentation in optical coherence tomography angiography of neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Dabir Supriya , Bhatt Vaidehi , Bhatt Deepak , Rajan Mohan , Samant Preetam , Munusamy Sivakumar , Webers C. A. B. , Berendschot T. T. J. M.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To compare the characteristics of eyes that had manual vs. automated segmentation of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

All patients with CNVM underwent OCTA using the Zeiss Angioplex Cirrus 5000. Slabs of the avascular outer retina, outer retina to choriocapillaris (ORCC) region and choriocapillaris were generated. Manual segmentation was done when there were significant segmentation artifacts. Presence of activity of CNVM was adjudged by the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) on structural OCT and was compared to activity detected on en face OCTA slabs based on well-defined criteria.

Results

Eighty-one eyes of 81 patients were recruited of which manual segmentation was required in 46 (57%). Eyes with automated segmentation had significantly more CNVM in the ORCC (75%) whereas those with manual segmentation had deeper CNVM (sub-RPE = 22%, intra-PED = 22%) (p<0.001). Twenty eyes (25%) were found to have active CNVM on both the structural OCT and OCTA while an additional 19 eyes were presumed to have active CNVM on OCTA alone. There was only modest concordance between disease activity detected using structural OCT and OCTA (Kappa = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.64).

Conclusions

Manual segmentation of OCTA is required in more than 50% eyes with CNVM and this progressively increases with increasing depth of CNVM location from the ORCC to below the RPE. There is moderate concordance between OCTA and structural OCT in determining CNVM activity.
Biology of a putative male aggregation-sex pheromone in Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Guignard Quentin , Bouwer Marc , Slippers Bernard , Allison Jeremy
Published: December 2020

A putative male-produced pheromone has recently been described for the global pest of pines, Sirex noctilio, but field-activity has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the pheromone biology of S. noctilio in more detail. Specifically, we i) analysed effluvia and extracts for additional compounds by gas chromatography coupled with electro-antennographic detection (GC-EAD), mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two dimensional time of flight mass spectrometry (GC X GC TOF MS), ii) conducted dose-response experiments for putative pheromone components, iii) determined the site of synthesis/ storage of the putative pheromone and iv) determined the release rate of the putative pheromone from males and three types of lures. A blend of four compounds was identified, including the previously described (Z)-3-decenol and (Z)-4-decenol, and two new compounds (Z)-3-octenol and (Z)-3-dodecenol. All compounds elicited a response from both male and female antennae, but the strength of the response varied according to sex, compound and dose tested. (Z)-3-Decenol and (Z)-3-octenol at lower and higher doses, respectively, elicited larger responses in males and females than the other two compounds. (Z)-3-Octenol and (Z)-4-decenol generally elicited larger female than male antennal responses. The site of synthesis and/or storage in males was determined to be the hind legs, likely in the leg-tendon gland. The relative release rate of the major compound by male wasps was shown to be 90 ± 12.4 ng/min, which is between 4 and 15 times greater than that observed from typical lures used previously. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that these compounds may mediate lek formation in S. noctilio males and lek location in females.
A carreira da Índia e o problema da entrada na barra do rio Tejo
Authors: Borges Marco Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Em finais do século XVI, devido a obras de fortificação, os canais de navegação da barra do rio Tejo começaram a assorear, a estreitar e a apresentar uma profundidade menor, afectando fortemente a navegação, sobretudo dos navios da carreira da Índia, caracterizados pelas suas grandes dimensões. O maior problema verificou-se na carreira de São Gião (São Julião), que é o canal Norte de navegação e o principal para os navios que se deslocavam para Lisboa, ficando mais sujeito a ser palco de encalhes e de naufrágios. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a discussão destes assuntos, tentando ao mesmo tempo compreender quando é que a carreira da Alcáçova, o canal Sul, terá começado a ser usada pela navegação para se entrar no Tejo e em que condições.
Los mecanismos de la emblemática en Portugal: el camino al Cielo a través de los azulejos de la Igreja de São Salvador de Coimbra
Authors: López Calderón Carme
Published: December 2020

En el segundo tercio del siglo XVIII la Igreja de São Salvador de Coimbra reviste sus naves y coro con un rico programa iconográfico pintado sobre azulejos y atribuido a Salvador de Sousa Carvalho. El conjunto se basa en las estampas ejecutadas por Gottfried Bernhard Göz y Joseph Sebastian Klauber para ilustrar la obra Vita, Doctrina, Passio Domini nostri Iesu Christi, escrita por el benedictino Coelestin Leuthner y publicada en Augsburgo en 1733, poniendo así de manifiesto la estrecha relación que el arte barroco portugués mantiene con el género de la emblemática. En este artículo analizamos la adaptación que el ciclo pictórico acomete de estos referentes impresos, evidenciando cómo la selección, reordenación y recombinación de las fuentes son mecanismos clave para la formulación de un discurso original que, en este caso, se destina a mostrar al devoto cuál es el camino que conduce al cielo.
THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF Auricularia auricula CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDES: ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Elfirta Rizki Rabeca , Saskiawan Iwan
Published: December 2020

The food stuffs can be clasified as functional food since the foods can improve the human health. One of them are the food stuffs which have function as antioxidant and antibacterial. These activities were studied on crude polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula. The sample was subsequently isolated using hot water and 1 M NaOH to obtain water and alkali soluble of crude polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using β-caroten-linoleat assay. The results showed that the alkali soluble of crude polysaccharides had the highest antioxidant activity (85.82%) at 350 μg/ml. The water and alkali soluble of crude polysaccharides from A.auricula were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. The alkali soluble of crude polysaccharides was found to have the highest antibacterial activity at 100 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus InaCC B4 and Escherichia coli InaCC B5 with clear zone values of 3.18 mm and 5.10 mm, respectively. The findings indicated that the alkali soluble of crude polysaccharides from A. auricula could potentially be used in part of well-balanced diets and could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial products.
A Evolução do Ensino de Topografia e Áreas Afins na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Vaz Jhonnes Alberto , Cintra Jorge Pimentel , Almeida Filho Flavio Guilherme Vaz de
Published: December 2020

A determinação da posição relativa de pontos e a representação gráfica da superfície terrestre entre outros conhecimentos de Topografia e ciências afins está presente em diferentes momentos do exercício profissional de engenheiros civis e de outras modalidades. Na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) o ensino da área acontece desde a fundação da Escola no final do Século XIX. Ao longo desse período de mais de um século de ensino de Topografia e ciências afins na EPUSP ocorreram diversas alterações que impulsionaram mudanças na estrutura da Escola e da Universidade, na Educação Superior e no contexto social e político gerando novas necessidades e demandas da sociedade, exigindo que engenheiros e profissionais da área da Topografia se adaptassem às novas demandas e possibilidades. Frente a essas evoluções surgiu a Geomática que engloba a Topografia e áreas afins na era da tecnologia e da informática. Para o ensino da Geomática há o constante desafio da adequação e adaptação às evoluções e mudanças. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir a evolução do ensino de Topografia na EPUSP frente às mudanças e evoluções científicas, metodológicas e tecnológicas. Em um momento em que as mudanças e inovações no mundo ocorrem em ritmo cada vez mais acelerado, há a necessidade da discussão sobre o ensino e a utilização das tecnologias e adaptação às mudanças e evoluções pautada e embasada pelo ensino fundamentado na valorização dos conceitos permanentes, frentes à tecnologia em constante mudança.
Elaboração de cartilha educativa sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional para agricultores familiares
Authors: Casemiro Ítalo de Paula , Almeida Vanessa de Souza Silva de , Nogueira Maria Alice dos Santos , Canongia Amanda Lo Bianco Borges , Gonçalves Edira Castello Branco de Andrade
Published: December 2020

A segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) é um tema que possui estreita ligação com a agricultura familiar. Este relato tem por objetivo descrever a experiência da elaboração de uma cartilha sobre SAN para agricultores familiares que incluiu a seleção de conteúdo, estilo e formato do material. A cartilha, que é um documento descritivo de orientação sobre a SAN no âmbito da agricultura familiar, foi elaborada por quatro bolsistas vinculados ao projeto de extensão “Apoio técnico-científico para fortalecimento, consolidação e sustentabilidade das políticas de reordenamento agrário e de comercialização da produção da agricultura familiar e da pesca no Brasil” sob a orientação de uma docente da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), todos participantes do referido projeto. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado por meio de artigos, legislações e relatórios. Foi observado que há poucos estudos tratando da relação entre a SAN e aspectos como higiene, conservação e transporte tendo como público a agricultura familiar; dessa forma, a cartilha foi produzida considerando a aproximação dos conteúdos de SAN ao agricultor familiar.
Escrito e publicações em extensão universitária
Authors: Iucci Cecilia , Cardozo Lucas
Published: December 2020

Um dos pontos mais importantes nas agendas das universidades latino-americanas em termos de extensão universitária é reconhecer seu valor acadêmico e educacional, bem como o impacto social de suas práticas. O recente surgimento de revistas acadêmicas de extensão universitária em diversos países da América Latina é um sintoma da centralidade que essa função adquiriu no discurso universitário. Esses periódicos não são apenas disseminadores de práticas sociais, mas geradores de espaços onde se destaca a densidade conceitual, teórica e metodológica da extensão universitária. O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as formas de escrita vinculadas ao campo da extensão, especialmente aquela referente aos artigos científicos; dar conta dos tipos de periódicos de extensão universitária existentes na América Latina e os desafios que a extensão enfrenta do ponto de vista da gestão editorial.
Ética e subjetividade no Budismo chinês contemporâneo
Authors: Bernardes Carneiro Monteiro Joaquim Antonio
Published: December 2020

Ética e subjetividade no Budismo chinês contemporâneo

Resumo: O presente artigo procura pensar as questões da ética e da subjetividade no contexto do pensamento budista na China contemporânea. Ele parte de uma genealogia do conceito de subjetividade conforme desenvolvido através do debate entre a escola Yogacãra do Budismo indiano e o Novo Confucionismo. Ao mesmo tempo, aponta para as possíveis implicações deste conceito de subjetividade em sua relação com as questões éticas presentes na China contemporânea. 

Palavras-chave: Ética. Subjetividade. Escola Yogacãra do Budismo indiano. Novo Confucionismo.

Ethics and subjectivity in contemporary Chinese Buddhism

Abstract: This article tries to think the matters of ethics and subjectivity in the context of Buddhist thought in contemporary China. It has its starting point in an analysis of the concept of subjectivity as developed in the debate between the Yogacãra school of indian Buddhism and the New Confucianism. At the same time, it points to the possible implications of this concept of subjectivity for the ethical matters in contemporary chinese society. 

Keywords: Ethics. Subjectivity. Yogacãra school of indian Buddhism. New Confucianism.

Ética y subjetividad en el budismo chino contemporáneo

Resumen: Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre cuestiones de ética y subjetividad en el contexto del pensamiento budista en la China contemporánea. Comienza con una genealogía del concepto de subjetividad desarrollado a través del debate entre la escuela Yogacara del budismo indio y el nuevo confucianismo. Al mismo tiempo, señala las posibles implicaciones de este concepto de subjetividad en su relación con los problemas éticos presentes en la China contemporánea.

Palabras clave: Ética. Subjetividad. Escuela de yogacara del budismo indio. Nuevo confucianismo.

Data de registro: 29/07/2020

Data de aceite: 21/10/2020
Building Early Childhood Character through KH. Wahid Hasyim Education Model at RA Ma’arif Metro
Authors: Fertiliana Dea Leli , Saidun Anwar M. , Choirudin Choirudin , Yusuf Muhammad , Wahyudi Apri
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analysis early childhood characters through KH. Wahid Hasyim education model at RA Ma’arif Metro. The study used a descriptive qualitative to describe the values of character education in various activities. This study explains KH. Wahid Hasyim’s character and its relevance to early childhood education. Application of character by KH. Wahid Hasyim consists of eight characters: religious, tolerant, independent, democratic, nationalism, love for the motherland, friendly or communicative, and fond of reading. KH. Wahid Hasyim’s framework is in line with the objectives of character education applied in early childhood education. Cultivation of character is given by example, programmed activities, habituation, and repetition in daily life. Instilling character values in early childhood hopes for children’s obedience and must be recognized and believed by children to feel these values are valid and beneficial to themselves and their environment.
Analytical and Numerical Solution for H-type Darrieus Wind Turbine Performance at the Tip Speed Ratio of Below One
Authors: Ghiasi Pedram , Najafi Gholamhassan , Ghobadian Barat , Jafari Ali
Published: December 2020

H-type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have omnidirectional movement capability and can get more power compared to other VAWTs at high tip speed ratios (𝜆). However, its disadvantages are self-starting inability and low generated power at 𝜆 less than 1. The performance of H-type Darrieus wind turbine at 𝜆<1 was studied using double multiple stream tube (DMST) model and two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. In CFD simulation, the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations were used and the turbulence model was solved with SST k-ω model. The performance of fifteen various wind turbines was determined at fourteen wind velocities by two solution methods. The effect of chord length, solidity, Reynolds number and Height to Diameter (H/D) ratio were investigated on generated torque, power and the time required to reach 𝜆=0.1. Increasing in the moment of inertia due to the increasing in required time to reach 𝜆=0.1. In the low TSRs, the wind turbines can generate higher torque and power in high Re numbers and solidities. The required time was reduced by an increase in Re number and solidity. Finally, the best ratio of H/D of H-type Darrieus wind turbines was defined to improve the turbine performance.
Political Identity as a Security Factor of Ukrainian Statehood
Authors: Prymush Mykola
Published: December 2020

In the article, the authors analyze the formation of the political identity of citizens of Ukraine as a security factor of Ukrainian statehood. It is noted that, in addition to political identity, there are many other identities, that are presented in the form of a matrix, the components of which continuously interact with, complement and influence each other. In terms of methodology, the process of forming political identity is considered from the standpoint of symbolic interactionism, where the emphasis is placed on political interaction. In addition, in order to objectively assess the effectiveness of the formation of political identity and potential negative consequences in the form of a crisis of statehood, the mechanism for transforming a situational identity into a basic political identity is considered from the standpoint of post-structuralism. The study identifies and formulates criteria for constructing this basic type of political identity, the prerequisites for their formation and correlation with the actual political situation in Ukraine. The multitude of approaches to the study of the formation of political identity is complemented by the consideration of various models of its construction. Fragmental, elite and organic models are considered. Particular attention is paid to the leading role of the state in the process of forming political identity, where the key participants are political elites, the media and civil society. To determine how the perception of the degree of influence of each participant affects the process of political identity formation by the population of Ukraine at different periods of time, with its intermittent outbursts of social activity, the method of factor analysis is used. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the constructed triangular diagrams, two patterns are extracted. According to one, an increase in positive perception and integration into the process of socialization of models of the political identity formation proposed by the political elite is observed in society after each surge in mass protests that leads to a regime change. The other pattern is manifested in the revealed tendentiousness of the influence of the media and political elites on the security level of Ukrainian statehood and the growth of tension in society.
O przypisywaniu sprawstwa czynu zabronionego w przypadku typów formalnych i typów znamiennych skutkiem w sensie statycznym
Authors: Tarapata Szymon
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie treści przesłanek przypisania sprawstwa przestępstw formalnych i skutkowych w sensie statycznym. W tekście wykazano, że badając sprawstwo typów formalnych i skutkowych statycznych, można używać szereg elementów stosowanych w procesie tzw. obiektywnego przypisania skutku w sensie dynamicznym. Podkreślono również, że w obrębie czynów formalnych i skutkowych w sensie statycznym można odnaleźć swoiste odpowiedniki tzw. negatywnych przesłanek przypisania skutku ujmowanego dynamicznie.
Pomiędzy data science a performansem. O niektórych wyzwaniach stojących przed współczesną socjologią
Authors: Pietrowicz Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Artykuł jest próbą opisania stanu współczesnej socjologii i jednego z wyzwań stojących przed naszą dyscypliną. Wyzwaniem tym jest pojawienie się data science: tj. podejścia, które w systematyczny, ilościowy sposób zajmuje się analizą gromadzonych cyfrowo nieustrukturyzowanych danych, dotyczących zachowań ludzi. Co ważne, analizy data science nie korzystają z dorobku socjologii ani w odniesieniu do tradycji teoretycznej, ani w odniesieniu do metod badawczych. Zastępują jednak socjologię (i inne nauki społeczne) poza światem akademickim. Tekst próbuje pokazać, czym data science różni się od innych, wcześniejszych wyzwań, przed którymi stała socjologia.
Итоги парламентских выборов в Литве
Authors: Guseletov Boris
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены итоги парламентских выборов, прошедших в Литовской республике в октябре 2020 года. Проанализированы результаты деятельности ведущих политических партий этой страны, дано сравнение результатов их участия в парламентских выборах 2016 года с результатами только что прошедших выборов. Подведены итоги деятельности уходящего правительства во главе с представителем партии «Литовский Союз крестьян и зеленых» С. Сквернялисом. Дана характеристика партии «Союз Отечества- Литовские христианские демократы», победившей на прошедших выборах, а также ее лидера И. Шимоните, которая станет новым премьер-министром Литвы. Представлен прогноз того, как итоги этих выборов повлияют на дальнейшую трансформацию партийно- политической системы Литовской республики.
Итоги парламентских выборов в Румынии
Authors: Guseletov Boris
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены итоги парламентских выборов в Румынии 6 декабря 2020 года. Проведено сравнение результатов ведущих политических партий на выборах 2016 и 2020 гг. Представлены итоги деятельности правительств во главе с «Социал-демократической партией», сформированных по итогам выборов 2016 года. Рассмотрена деятельность правительства лидера «Национал-либеральной партии» Румынии (НЛПР) Орбана, сформированного в 2018 году. Дана характеристика партии «Союз спасения Румынии-плюс», которая по итогам выборов 2020 года прошла в парламент и, скорее всего, примет участие в формировании нового правительства вместе с НЛПР. Дан прогноз, как итоги выборов повлияют на дальнейшую трансформацию партийно-политической системы Румынии и отношения между Россией и Румынией.
The effect of land use on soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Mujiyo M , Setyawan Yosua Yoga , Herawati Aktavia , Widijanto Hery
Published: December 2020

Determination of soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency, will generate a Soil Quality Index which can be used as a reference for soil cultivation for optimal productivity. This research was a descriptive exploratory with a survey approach. The survey area consisted of 12 land mapping units (LMU) with 3 replications for each LMU. Determination of LMU based on soil type, land use, slope and rainfall. The parameters used were BD (bulk density), porosity, organic C, pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), BS (base saturation), available P, available K, total N, and MBC (microbial biomass carbon) that represented the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was performed to obtain the Minimum Data Set (MDS). The Soil Quality Index (SQI) at each LMU was calculated by multiplying the PCA result score (Wi) with the score for each selected indicator (Si). The result showed that the Soil Quality Index at each LMU was low. The highest Soil Quality Index was found in fields land use with an SQI of 0.34. The soil indicator that limited the soil quality was available P.
The sorption and desorption of organic carbon onto tropical reclaimed-mining soils with coal fly-ash application
Authors: Saidy Akhmad Rizalli , Priatmadi Bambang Joko , Septiana Meldia , Hayati Afiah
Published: December 2020

Coal fly ash, resulted from coal combustion in power plants, with relatively high amounts of aluminium, iron, calcium, and magnesium oxides may modify the sorption capacity of soils. A batch experiment was conducted to examine the capacity of reclaimed mining soils (RMS) to adsorb organic carbon (OC) in response to coal fly ash application. Extraction of dissolved OC was carried out from dried albizia shoot residue and reacted with the RMS at dissolved OC concentrations varying from 0 to 175 mg C L-1 at pH 5.5. The results showed that the sorption capacity of the RMS for OC increased significantly with coal fly ash application, which may relate to increasing the contents exchangeable Ca and Mg, dithionite- and oxalate-extractable aluminium and iron, and surface areas of soils. Desorption experiment indicated that only 5-23% of the OC initially sorbed onto soil-coal fly ash interactions was freed using a single extraction step, suggesting that most of the OC is strongly sorbed to the mineral surfaces. Results of the study indicate an important role of fly ash in increasing OC sorption capacity of soils and reducing the percentage of OC sorption from the RMS-coal fly ash association.
Growth and yield performance of maize at red-yellow podzolic acid soil after oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and rice husk charcoal application
Authors: Mardhiana M , Apriyani Dwi , Adiwena Muh , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu
Published: December 2020

On acid soils, maize growth cannot be optimal because of the high content of Al, Fe, Mg, and Zn, which has the potential to poison plants. Several nutrients such as P, Cu, and S are also available in small quantities for plants, thus inhibiting growth. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and rice husk charcoal in increasing the growth and yield of maize on red-yellow podzolic acid soils. Bonanza F1 varieties were planted and treated with (T1) 5 t ha-1 of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost; (T2) 10 t ha-1 of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost; (T3) 5 t ha-1 rice husk charcoal; (T4) 10 t ha-1 rice husk charcoal; and (T5) 5 t ha-1 of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost + 5 t ha-1 of rice husk charcoal, and control plants were not given any treatment. The results showed that all treatments had a better and significantly different effect than the control plants. The application of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and rice husk charcoal could boost plants height (149.75% - 289.88%), stems diameter (124.10% - 204.62%), number of leaves (131.01% - 223.26%), plants fresh weight (204.14% - 342.25 %), plants dry weight (136.77% - 165.76%), weight of maize cobs (178.77% - 292.72%), weight of maize cobs without maize husks (158.27% - 233.03%), maize cobs length (112.44% - 147.14%), maize cobs diameter (117.16% - 187.79%), and the weight of 100 maize kernels (110.92% - 201.72%). Among all treatments, the T5 treatment (5 t ha-1 of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost + 5 t ha-1 rice husk charcoal) was the best because it consistently gave the highest yields on all observed variables.
Determinants of farmers’ choice of land management strategies to climate change in drought prone areas of Amhara Region: The case of Lay Gayint Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Wale Workie Mesfin , Tegegne Melak Abebe , Zeleke Menberu Teshome , Ejegu Mulualem Asfaw , Yegizaw Endalkachew Sisay
Published: December 2020

Climate change is one of the life-threatening challenges that face the ecosphere in recent decades. Climate change exacerbates the rate and magnitude of several ongoing land degradation processes. The impact is particularly high in unindustrialized states like Ethiopia. In recognition of the impact adaptation become the policy options to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the determinants of farmers’ choice of land management approaches to climate change in drought prone areas of Amhara region: the case of Lay Gayint woreda, Northwestern Ethiopia. The study employed a multistage stratified sampling procedure (purposive and simple random). Data were obtained from 232 sample households. Primary data were collected from households via questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion. The households’ land management strategies to climate change were summarized by using percentage. Binary logistic regression model was also applied to analyze the factors that influence farmers’ choice of land management strategies. The farming households of the study area have attempted to give response to the impacts of climate change; but their capacity to adapt is challenged by a number of factors. Model results indicate that, Agro ecological setting and non-farm activities are found to be the most statistically significant determinants in the adoption of land management strategies. Solving financial problems, improving extension service, providing timely information and establishing early warning system, livelihood diversification and integrated watershed management practice would enable to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers.
Effect of Inner and Outer Wheels Driving Force Control on Small Electric Vehicle
Authors: Shibazaki K. , Nozaki H.
Published: December 2020

In this study, in order to improve steering stability during turning, we devised an inner and outer wheel driving force control system that is based on the steering angle and steering angular velocity, and verified its effectiveness via running tests. In the driving force control system based on steering angle, the inner wheel driving force is weakened in proportion to the steering angle during a turn, and the difference in driving force is applied to the inner and outer wheels by strengthening the outer wheel driving force. In the driving force control (based on steering angular velocity), the value obtained by multiplying the driving force constant and the steering angular velocity,  that differentiates the driver steering input during turning output as the driving force of the inner and outer wheels. By controlling the driving force of the inner and outer wheels, it reduces the maximum steering angle by 40 deg and it became possible to improve the cornering marginal performance and improve the steering stability at the J-turn. In the pylon slalom it reduces the maximum steering angle by 45 deg and it became possible to improve the responsiveness of the vehicle. Control by steering angle is effective during steady turning, while control by steering angular velocity is effective during sharp turning. The inner and outer wheel driving force control are expected to further improve steering stability.
The Impact of Exhaust Emission from Combustion Engines on the Environment: Modelling of Vehicle Movement at Roundabouts
Authors: Madziel M. , Jaworski A. , Savostin-Kosiak D. , Lejda K.
Published: December 2020

Due to the increased emission of harmful exhaust components, in particular CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), THC (total hydrocarbons), by motor vehicles, especially in the centres of urban agglomerations, it is necessary to create traffic simulation models that allow to estimate the emissions from road transport. One of the places where the largest accumulation of vehicles in cities occurs are intersections. This contributes to increasing the number of stops and repetitions of the acceleration and braking cycle, which has a direct impact on vehicle emissions. At the same time, roundabouts are intersections with specific traffic movement characteristics, therefore it is necessary to calibrate the simulation model beforehand. The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for modeling vehicle traffic at the roundabout and compare the combustion engines emissions resulting from vehicle movement on the example of the selected roundabout case studies. Vehicle traffic modeling was performed in the Vissim traffic microsimulation program based on real data. The comparison concerned the emissions for a two-lane and a turbo roundabout for the assumed traffic volume scenarios for properly calibrated simulation models. The results show that the performance of the simulation allows for the analysis of emissions and determination of its size for each of the roundabout inlets. It is also possible to determine the general dependencies e.g. the length of the queue of vehicles in relation to the emission of the analysed exhaust components. The analysis can be used as an introduction to changes in the guides for designing road intersections concerning vehicle emissions.
A note on a generalization of injective modules
Authors: Türkmen B.N. , Türkmen E.
Published: December 2020

As a proper generalization of injective modules in term of supplements, we say that a module $M$ has the property (ME) if, whenever $M\subseteq N$, $M$ has a supplement $K$ in $N$, where $K$ has a mutual supplement in $N$. In this study, we obtain that $(1)$ a semisimple $R$-module $M$ has the property (E) if and only if $M$ has the property (ME); $(2)$ a semisimple left $R$-module $M$ over a commutative Noetherian ring $R$ has the property (ME) if and only if $M$ is algebraically compact if and only if almost all isotopic components of $M$ are zero; $(3)$ a module $M$ over a von Neumann regular ring has the property (ME) if and only if it is injective; $(4)$ a principal ideal domain $R$ is left perfect if every free left $R$-module has the property (ME)
Influence of quantum dot shape on energy spectra of three-dimensional quantum dots superlattices
Authors: Bilynskyi I.V. , Leshko R.Ya. , Bandura H.O.
Published: December 2020

The band spectrum of quantum dots superlattices of different shapes at points of high symmetry is determined. Cubic, cylindrical and spherical quantum dots are considered. The width of the minizone is calculated. The dependences of the minizones on the geometric dimensions of quantum dots and their concentration are established.
Methods of obtaining nickel molybdates and composites of molybdate/carbon material for electrodes of hybrid supercapacitors (Review)
Authors: Popovych O.M. , Budzulyak I.M. , Kotsyubynsky V.O. , Popovych O.V. , Rachiy B.I. , Ilnytskyi R.V. , Yablon L.S.
Published: December 2020

Nickel molybdate due to its electronic configuration, stable crystalline framework, oxidation-reduction behavior displays perfect physical and chemical properties and rather high electrical conductivity that altogether lets the material display high total capacity. The research work classified modern methods of obtaining nickel molybdates and composites with carbon material on their basis. We have analyzed the fundamental stages of hydrothermal, microwave synthesis, ultrasonic dispersion, mechano-chemical, sol-gel method, and chemical precipitation method. The influence of different synthesis conditions on phase structure, morphology, physical and electrochemical properties of material was displayed.
Porous Structure Influence of Coconut Carbon Sorbents and Acidity on the Sorption of Some Biologically Active Organic Compounds
Authors: Farbun I.A. , Trykhlib V.A.
Published: December 2020

The paper investigates the regulation of the hydrophobicity of KARBON™ carbon adsorbents by restoring its surface during heat treatment in argon and hydrogen, as well as oxidizing it with nitric acid. The sorption capacity of KARBON™ with respect to the tryptophan, arginine, indole, creatinine and vitamin B12 as biologically active organic compounds of different molecular weight was studied. It was determined that the adsorption capacity of KARBON™ samples with respect to all the studied substances changes as follows: Ind>Cr>Trp>Arg>B12. It has been shown that the sorption capacity of argon-treated KARBON™ adsorbent at pH=7.5 is 2.6; 2.7 and 0.09 mmol/g in relation to tryptophan, creatinine and vitamin B12, respectively. The adsorption capacity of these compounds is almost unchanged when the acidity changes from 7.5 to 2.0. The results obtained allows the use of KARBON™ adsorbent as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for oral administration in chronic kidney and liver diseases, as well as a hemosorbent for the purification of blood outside the human body.
Hybrid composites with low reflection of IR radiation
Authors: Aksimentyeva О.І. , Chepikov I.B. , Filipsonov R.V. , Malynych S.Z. , Gamernyk R.V. , Martyniuk G.V. , Horbenko Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The conditions of formation and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic composites based on epoxy polymer matrix and a mixture of magnetic and polymeric fillers are studied. Based on the study of physicochemical properties of fillers and composites, it was found that the introduction of a dispersion of magnetite modified with polymer shells and polyaniline doped with toluene sulfonic acid in the thermosetting epoxy composition in the amount of 2-6 wt.% provides the ability of composites to significant absorption and low reflection of IR and microwave range. It was found that the optimal content of the composition corresponds to the best mechanical properties of the obtained coatings, in particular, high microhardness. This makes it possible to use the proposed composition to obtain on its basis composite films and coatings for anti-radar purposes, which reduce the intensity of microwave radiation acting on the object and at the same time act as protective coatings on the surface of metals.
Optical-electronic monitoring system of biomedical indicators
Authors: Barylo G.I. , Ivakh M.S. , Mykytiuk Z.M. , Kremer I.P.
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the development of medical systems for monitoring biomedical indicators. The problem of developing a universal hardware software-controlled control system for the diagnosis of biological objects is solved. The main requirements for such a system are a wide range of functionality for combining different methods of measurement transformation and compliance with modern trends in the development of microelectronic sensors. Given the requirements for modern microcircuitry, in particular for sensing devices of the Internet of Things, the signal path of the sensors is implemented on the basis of PSoC family 5LP Family Cypress. Approbation of the developed system is carried out in the course of research of the character of optical radiation in the course of measurement of biomedical indicators.
Legal Aid Post Services at the Indonesian Religious Courts during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sururie Ramdani Wahyu , Susanto Yoghi Arief
Published: December 2020

The spread of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a health and economic emergency that has an impact on social life, including Legal Aid Post services at the Indonesian Religious Courts. This study aims to analyze the types, forms, and methods of Legal Aid Post services at the Religious Courts and the level of public access to the Religious Courts during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach. Descriptive and exploratory analysis are carried out to identify Legal Aid Post services at the Religious Courts in providing judicial access to the public. This study also uses purposive sampling before conducting in-depth interviews with several informants. These include Religious Court employees, advocates, and Legal Aid Post officers. The results show that the case registration services at the Legal Aid Post for the Religious Courts have been carried out in various forms, namely online through the E-Court application and manually by visiting the Religious Court. Thus, this study shows that Legal Aid Post services at the Indonesian Religious Courts during the COVID-19 pandemic have been carried out differently in various Religious Courts.   AbstrakPenyebaran COVID-19 telah ditetapkan sebagai darurat kesehatan dan ekonomi yang berdampak pada kehidupan sosial, termasuk pelayanan posko bantuan hukum di Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis, bentuk, dan metode pelayanan Pos Bantuan Hukum di Peradilan Agama serta tingkat akses masyarakat terhadap Peradilan Agama selama periode COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis deskriptif dan eksploratif dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi layanan Pos Bantuan Hukum di Pengadilan Agama dalam memberikan akses peradilan kepada publik. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan purposive sampling sebelum melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa informan, termasuk pegawai pengadilan agama, advokat, dan petugas Pos Bantuan Hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan pencatatan perkara di Pos Bantuan Hukum Pengadilan Agama telah dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk yaitu secara online melalui aplikasi E-Court dan secara manual dengan mengunjungi Pengadilan Agama. Terkait tingkat akses, masyarakat yang mengakses Pengadilan Agama saat pandemi COVID-19 mengalami penurunan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan Pos Bantuan Hukum di Pengadilan Agama selama periode COVID-19 telah dilakukan secara berbeda di berbagai Pengadilan Agama.