bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTES DO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM NO PROGRAMA TRAINEE DA EMPRESA JÚNIOR DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO (EJA) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA (UFPB)
Authors: Barbosa Silva Anielson , Paiva Costa Vinicius , Oliveira Monteiro Dias Saulo
Published: March 2016

Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar os determinantes do processo de aprendizagem dos participantes do Programa Trainee da Empresa Júnior de Administração (EJA) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, configura-se como um estudo de caso qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com ex-participantes do Programa. Os resultados subsidiaram a identificação da estrutura do Programa Trainee da EJA, bem como os fatores facilitadores e limitantes do processo de aprendizagem dos Trainees. O Programa contribui para a formação profissional dos alunos, mas o volume de atividades e o nível de cobrança exagerados em alguns momentos podem afastar bons talentos da empresa. Participar de uma empresa júnior e interagir com o Movimento de Empresas Juniores durante a graduação pode ser enriquecedor ao proporcionar amadurecimento pessoal e profissional, além de orientar os alunos em relação aos rumos futuros de suas carreiras. Por outro lado, é preciso prudência para que o aluno não coloque a vivência na empresa júnior em nível de importância superior à formação acadêmica, uma vez que a integração entre teoria e prática, quando bem articulada, é determinante na carreira do administrador.

Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Programa trainee. Competências. Empresa júnior. Administrador.
EFEITOS DO USO DA INFORMAÇÃO EDIÇÃO LIMITADA SOBRE PERCEPÇÕES DE PREÇO E INTENÇÃO DE COMPRA DE PRODUTOS
Authors: Dias Selau Sandro , Miletto Tonetto Leandro
Published: March 2016

A escassez de um produto tem demonstrado impacto no aumento da percepção de valor e na intenção de compra dos consumidores. Nesse contexto, propagandas que enfatizam escassez por suprimento (edições limitadas) tendem a ser menos persuasivas que as que evidenciam a indisponibilidade de produtos por alta demanda. Com o objetivo de esclarecer a força do aspecto comunicacional do simples uso da expressão “edição limitada”, no presente estudo investigou-se o impacto isolado da informação de que um produto se trata de uma edição limitada no comportamento do consumidor. Em um experimento, foi manipulada a presença da informação “edição limitada” na descrição de uma série de produtos apresentados a estudantes universitários (N=130). Os resultados indicaram o efeito do uso da expressão na disposição para pagar e na intenção de compra dos consumidores. As pessoas expostas à informação de que os produtos se tratavam de uma edição limitada atribuíram valores superiores a eles e, em alguns casos, maior intenção de compra nos 30 dias seguintes, em comparação com consumidores que não foram informados sobre o fato. As implicações teóricas e gerenciais são discutidas, enfatizando que a expressão apresenta um efeito comunicacional na valorização de produtos, mas não implica, necessariamente, aumento da intenção de compra.

Palavras-chave: Edições limitadas. Escassez. Comportamento do consumidor. Estratégia de marketing. Promoção de vendas.
A INSERÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO: A ÓTICA DOS ESPECIALISTAS
Authors: Petarnella Leandro , Hourneaux Junior Flavio , Silveira Amélia
Published: March 2016

Diante da necessidade de se pensar um novo paradigma social, ou seja, a sustentabilidade, a partir dos espaços geradores e disseminadores do conhecimento, neste trabalho objetivou analisar como essa temática da sustentabilidade vem sendo considerada nos Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Administração, no Brasil. Para tanto, parte de uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa que contou com a participação de 40 pesquisadores pertencentes aos grupos de pesquisas certificados pelo Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica (CNPQ) e atuantes nos programas estudados, aqui entendidos como especialistas. Os resultados apontaram diversidade no perfil dos responsáveis pelos temas de sustentabilidade e diferenças em relação à forma como a sustentabilidade vem sendo abordada nesses programas objetos de estudo; revelaram, ainda, a necessidade de reformulação dos currículos desses programas sob a ótica do novo paradigma esperado para o ordenamento social.

Palavras-chave: Ensino em Administração. Pós-Graduação em Administração. Sustentabilidade.
Marketing Adult Education for Megaprojects in the Northwest Territories
Authors: Hodgkins Andrew P.
Published: March 2016

This empirical research inquiry examines the influence that the current economic climate - driven by the extraction of non-renewable resources currently underway in the Northwest Territories - is having on adult education policy and program development. A qualitative methodology involving open-ended interviews was chosen for this study to better understand how local realities of labour market influenced educational policy and its implications for policy process and practice. The inquiry gathers perceptions of those given authority and responsibility for developing policy on behalf of northerners, and also those affected by such policies. Interviews were conducted during the summer of 2005 and included policy planners at Aurora College and other stakeholders involved in northern development, adult education and training. Findings suggest that the cooptation of adult education by market forces has occurred despite increased local autonomy through recent Aboriginal self-governance initiatives. Implications for community sustainability and governance are examined within this context.
‘Independence is we nature…’: Growing up in a postcolonial Caribbean country
Authors: DePass Cecille
Published: March 2016

By incorporating oral and narrative history from personal and family stories, this article draws on

Caribbean idioms and cultural characteristics as a form of ‘decolonizing one’s mind’ (Pieterse

and Parekh, 1995; Lamming, 1960; Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 1986). Divided into three related parts,

Part One portrays the Eurofeminist adage that the personal is political. Family history and

memory become the focus for retelling stories of the severe restrictions for education and

mobility in a former Crown colony. Part Two highlights a few personal non-formal learning

activities which acted as sites for learning compliance and resistance in playful and nonthreatening

ways. Part Three moves to the world of the large working class population, a

historical site of resistance to oppression. By concentrating on women’s lives, it reveals some of

the social tensions between women and men and, as important, illustrates the efforts of women

through a collective to achieve self-sufficiency for themselves and their families.
Information and wisdom in the practice of knowledge
Authors: Nakagawa Satoru
Published: March 2016

Extending current theories, this paper merges binarized western and Indigenous ideologies into a fused “one world” view by addressing how two knowledge systems—namely wisdom-based knowledge (WBK) and information-based knowledge (IBK) articulate together. I suggest that current educational systems worldwide are based on IBK, which is replacing and/or annexing the WBK of Indigenous societies. I argue that if WBK is the first imprint on children, then WBK will form their ideological foundation. Noting that those of us who have higher education are recognized by the dominant society and within our own societies as authorities, I suggest that those of us with higher degrees need to change our positions from “information providers and brokers” to “warriors of the truth” (Alfred, 2004, p. 95) against the hegemony of dominant cultures.
Sexual Violence and HIV/AIDS in Kenyan & Ugandan Schools: Social Implications for Education Policy Development
Authors: Wane Njoki
Published: March 2016

With sexual violence becoming widespread in Kenyan and other schools in the region, this paper specifically investigates problems of sexual assault and the heightened risks of HIV/AIDS in Kenyan and Ugandan schools. The paper is based on research undertaken in the concerned areas in 2006. To provide an effective descriptive and, by extension, analytical backdrop for the case, the paper provides important background information based on available literature on sexual violence in schools. As noted below, some of the major factors contributing to increased cases of sexual violence and rising incidences of HIV/AIDS in Kenyan and Ugandan schools are also presented. With that in place, issues related to policy development and possibilities of implementing those policies to address the problem of sexual violence in Kenyan and Uganda schools are examined, with recommendations for policies and programs provided.
A Critical Review of Immigrant Children’s Literacies and Identities from a Deleuzian Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: March 2016

This article examines how Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizome concept can be applied to educational research about immigrant children’s literacies and identities. It explores the intersection of literacy and identity encountered in sociocultural and poststructural (particularly a Deleuzian perspective) paradigms, reviews studies on immigrant children’s literacy and identity from these two perspectives, and discusses challenges posed by each. The rhizome concept advances a new way of research about immigrant children, who are often marginalized by the dominant school culture. This new way of research emphasizes literacy as a process of becoming, highlighting immigrant children’s multilinguality, creativity, and intersections of multiple literacies across school, home and community and across global and local contexts and the fluidity of their identities. The paper finally calls for an awareness of the complications, connections and multiplicities that literacy research confronts concerning immigrant children and puts forward some pedagogical implications.
Teachers’ Enactment of Equity in Alternative Schools: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Hemmer Lynn
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Understanding the needs of at-risk students is thought to be an essential element for educators when they formulate and design alternative educational settings. Yet, it may be difficult for educators to distinguish between responding to the needs of an at-risk student and providing educational equity. The researcher applied equity principles and policy implementation literature to explore how alternative school teachers of at-risk students define, interpret and enact equity. Research Methods: This research was designed as a qualitative cross-case study focusing on five alternative schools in California and Texas. A qualitative thematic analysis was first applied to interviews from fifteen alternative school teachers, followed by a critical discourse analysis of government artifacts, and discursive and social practices. Findings: Teachers’ enactment of equity equated to opportunity; at-risk students were afforded equity by virtue of enrollment in the schools. Implicitly, teachers acted as gate keepers to their classroom and as such only certain students were entitled to attend. Equity arguments emerged when external forces were perceived as creating inequities. Implicit equity arguments emerged by how teachers defined success. Implications: Innovative design and practices used in alternative schools are insufficient for ensuring equity. Enactment of equity through pedagogical choices is reduced by policy procedures. Research is needed in areas: a) that will help teachers reflect on their values and priorities for at-risk students and b) of how efficacy is measured for the alternative school.
Making My Time Count: Attempting Global Education as a Substitute Teacher in the K-12 Classroom
Authors: Scalzo Jessica
Published: March 2016

This paper explores substitute teaching as a potential site for transformational Global Education. I use autoethnography to better understand my experiences as a teacher and learner, how I became a substitute teacher, and my desire to use a critical pedagogy and Global Education framework for my teaching practice in a guest teacher context. Perceptions of substitute teachers, challenges faced by substitute teachers, possible barriers to effective teaching and learning while a temporary presence, as well as various conceptions of Global Education are explored, along with where these two seemingly disparate worlds may intersect. I investigate the limits of current research regarding substitute teachers and make recommendations for embedding Global Education in the substitute teaching practice.
An Analysis of the Implications Between the Theoretical Framework and the Policy Context of Provincial Education Policy in Ontario
Authors: Cherubini Lorenzo
Published: March 2016

Induction is broadly defined in the literature as a formal process of transitioning novice educators into the professional role of teacher. In Ontario, Canada, the establishment of the Education Quality and Accountability Office and large-scale external assessments to measure student learning in grades three, six, and nine has underscored the significance of teacher quality. As a result, the Ontario Ministry of Education has put into policy that all public school boards to deliver the New Teacher Induction Program (NTIP) to new teachers. To a great extent, NTIP includes many of the components discussed in the literature that defines effective practices. Given that NTIP is a relatively new policy in Ontario, it seems timely to make some observations about the profound implications between the theoretical framework and the policy context of this initiative. This paper discusses the fundamental disconnect between two core concepts associated with NTIP policy that relates to the role of the school principal and to the language of Professional Learning Communities. By citing the language of the PLC, and be defining the principal’s role as evaluator, the NTIP policy may in fact be ignoring the research that discusses the conflicts and residual consequences that emerge when professional development initiatives that endorse teacher authority and collaboration clash with hierarchical and bureaucratic realities. The language of NTIP seems to suggest that new teachers have a significant degree of professional autonomy and individual self-determination. It endorses a value-orientation to new teachers’ professional development and growth. Yet, by imposing the evaluative component, the policy may be merely recreating the typical and traditional structure of power relations in the schools and thus taking away from its educative value for the new teacher participants. The evaluation component of NTIP maintains the traditional hierarchy of schools, reaffirms industrial-type connotations of power, control, and status, and ultimately creates a normative assumption of structure that is deemed to be rational.
Engaging Academics in Training in Information Communication Technology (ICT): An African Experience with special focus on Uganda
Authors: Hussein Abdullahi
Published: March 2016

Training academics in ICT utilisation has been widely regarded as a key to successful staff development practice in higher education and, hence, considerable efforts and resources have been invested into ICT training programmes. However, little is known about the extent to which higher education policymakers in Africa give attention to the issue of preparing academics for ICT usage. This paper reports the findings of a research study exploring the utilisation of ICT in Uganda, Africa. Qualitative research methods were employed and data were collected through interviews, observations and open-ended questionnaires. The findings indicate that the university has put resources into the development of ICT policies, including policies related to training academics. Subsequently, academic staff were trained in ICT utilisation. However, little attention appears to have been given to the issue of engaging academics in ICT training. The paper also highlights the importance of engaging academics in ICT training for successful ICT staff-development outcomes.
PEMBANGUNAN GIANT SEA WALL: BERMANFAATKAH BAGI MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN ?
Authors: Zulham Armen
Published: March 2016

RINGKASAN

Pembangunan Giant Sea Wall (GSW) di Teluk Jakarta merupakan program lintas kementerian, yang dirancang untuk mendukung perekonomian dan mengendalikan banjir di Jakarta. Permasalahan GSW tersebut, tidak hanya terkait dengan aspek teknis kontruksi dan lingkungan, tetapi terkait juga dengan aspek sosial ekonomi tentang investasi dan pertumbuhan usaha perikanan.  Saat ini, pada kawasan itu terdapat berbagai investasi dan lapangan usaha perikanan. Data statistik, menunjukkan peran lapangan usaha perikanan dalam perekonomian Jakarta Utara menurun dari 0,10% pada tahun 2006 menjadi 0,08% pada tahun 2012.  Penurunan peran ini, bukan berarti lapangan usaha perikanan ini tidak penting.  Selama ini, lapangan usaha perikanan di kawasan itu merupakan sabuk pengaman yang mampu menyediakan lapangan kerja untuk 30 ribu orang dari berbagai kelompok masyarakat di Teluk Jakarta.  Invasi investasi sekitar  Rp. 600 triliun  untuk pembangunan GSW sampai tahun 2030, merupakan instrumen fiskal penting yang dapat mempercepat tumbuhnya perekonomian di kawasan tersebut.  Instrumen ini menurut beberapa pihak, dapat menjadi stimulus pembangunan, namun  pihak lain menganggap, dapat menjadi “jebakan fiskal untuk sektor perikanan”. Tulisan ini melihat, pembangunan GSW tersebut membuka peluang usaha baru bagi masyarakat perikanan. Namun, untuk memanfaatkan peluang itu diperlukan berbagai kebijakan yang inovatif.

Kata kunci : giant sea wall, demografi, nelayan, pembudidaya, pengolah  
BISAKAH TRANSPLANTASI KARANG PERBAIKI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG ?
Authors: Subhan Beginer , Madduppa Hawis , Arafat Dondy , Soedharma Dedi
Published: March 2016

RINGKASAN

Transplantasi karang merupakan teknik perbanyakan koloni karang dengan memanfaatkan reproduksi aseksual karang secara fagmentasi. Berbagai kalangan dapat terlibat dalam mengusahakan dan melakukan rehabilitasi karang dengan metode ini.  Namun saat ini metode yang digunakan masih ada yang mengadopsi metode untuk perdagangan karang hias bukan untuk rehabilitasi.  Metode dengan beton dan pengontrolan terhadap alga salah satu kunci keberhasilan dalam transplantasi karang.  Pencarian bibit-bibit karang yang unggul yang kuat terhadap alga dan penyakit menjadi solusi penting dalam peningkatan keberhasilan transplantasi karang.

Kata kunci: transplantasi karang, metode beton, penyakit karang, alga
How Can Integrated Operation Contribute to Improve the Efficiency on the Norwegian Continental Shelf?
Authors: Kaland T. , Nordtvedt J. E. , Seim O.
Published: March 2016

This paper will address how Integrated Operations (IO) can assist the oil and gas sector in Norway with implementing more cost effective operations. The paper will initially analyze the implementation of Integrated Operation activities within oil and gas operators and service companies on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) over the past 15 years. The industry at the NCS has in this period seen a huge growth, and significant value from implementation of IO initiatives has been harvested. Also, a series of "external events" has occurred partly supporting and partly challenging implementation of Integrated Operations. For example, the two largest operators merged in that period, the oil prize raised significantly initially, but dropped back last year. In addition, the efficiency of use of personnel has dropped, the drilling efficiency has gone down significantly, and the overall cost of operating has increased significantly. As a consequence, when the oil priced then dropped in 2014, the industry was quite vulnerable. With this back-drop, this paper discusses how IO can contribute to improve the efficiency on the NCS. We are particularly focused on improvements to the way we work, the relationship between the operator and contractor and on how we are utilizing personnel resources effectively. Key questions are how we can improve on the way of working and decision-making by having much more readily available all relevant information and improving situational awareness and cross-discipline collaboration when making decisions, and how cross-training and new contract structures can reduce the number of people offshore.
Impact of Co-Infections in Lyme Disease
Authors: Stinco Giuseppe , Bergamo Serena
Published: March 2016

Lyme disease is one of the most frequent tick-borne diseases worldwide, it can be multi-systemic and insidious, in particular when it shows a chronic course.

In recent years co-infections represent an emerging issue in Lyme disease spectrum because in addition toBorrelia burgdorferi slmany other potential pathogens may be transmitted by hard ticks Ixodes species. The main co-infections found in Lyme disease described in this review are represented byAnaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia species, Bartonella species, Rickettsiae species and tick-borne encephalitis virus. For each single co-infecting micro-organism, clinical features, diagnostic issues and therapeutical approaches are discussed.

Co-infections represent an emerging problem because they might exacerbate Lyme disease clinical features, they can also mimic Lyme borreliosis sharing common manifestations, and eventually they can change the course of the disease itself.

The presence of one or more co-infecting agent during the course of Lyme disease may represent an issue especially in endemic areas for tick-borne diseases and in people occupationally exposed.

The aim of this review is to summarize the more important co-infections in patients with Lyme disease and to discuss their importance in the disease process.
Measures of Urinary Protein and Albumin in the Prediction of Progression of IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Yan-feng , Zhu Li , Liu Li-jun , Shi Su-fang , Lv Ji-cheng , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2016

Background and objectives

Proteinuria is an independent predictor for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) progression. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), protein-to-creatinine ratio, and 24-hour urine protein excretion (UPE) are widely used for proteinuria evaluation in clinical practice. Here, we evaluated the association of these measurements with clinical and histologic findings of IgAN and explored which was the best predictor of IgAN prognosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Patients with IgAN were followed up for ≥12 months, were diagnosed between 2003 and 2012, and had urine samples available (438 patients). Spot urine ACR, protein-to-creatinine ratio, and 24-hour UPE at the time of renal biopsy were measured on a Hitachi Automatic Biochemical Analyzer 7180 (Hitachi, Yokohama, Japan).

Results

In our patients, ACR, protein-to-creatinine ratio, and 24-hour UPE were highly correlated (correlation coefficients: 0.71–0.87). They showed good relationships with acknowledged markers reflecting IgAN severity, including eGFR, hypertension, and the biopsy parameter (Oxford severity of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis parameter). However, only ACR presented with positive association with the Oxford segmental glomerulosclerosis/adhesion parameter and extracapillary proliferation lesions. The follow-up time was 37.0 (22.0–58.0) months, with the last follow-up on April 18, 2014. In total, 124 patients reached the composite end point (30% eGFR decline, ESRD, or death). In univariate survival analysis, ACR consistently had better performance than protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour UPE as represented by higher area under the curve using time–dependent survival analysis. When adjusted for well known risk factors for IgAN progression, ACR was most significantly associated with the composite end point (hazard ratio, 1.56 per 1-SD change of standard normalized square root–transformed ACR; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.89; P<0.001). Compared with protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour UPE, addition of ACR to traditional risk factors resulted in more improvement in the predictive ability of IgAN progression (c statistic: ACR=0.70; protein-to-creatinine ratio =0.68; 24-hour UPE =0.69; Akaike information criterion: ACR=1217.85; protein-to-creatinine ratio =1229.28; 24-hour UPE =1234.96; P<0.001).

Conclusions

In IgAN, ACR, protein-to-creatinine ratio, and 24-hour UPE had comparable association with severe clinical and histologic findings. Compared with protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour UPE, ACR showed slightly better performance in predicting IgAN progression.
Association of Renal Stress/Damage and Filtration Biomarkers with Subsequent AKI during Hospitalization among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Kimmel Martin , Shi Jing , Latus Joerg , Wasser Christoph , Kitterer Daniel , Braun Niko , Alscher Mark Dominik
Published: March 2016

Background and objectives

Emergency departments (EDs) have a growing role in hospital admissions, but few studies address AKI biomarkers in the ED.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Patients admitted to the internal medicine service were enrolled during initial workup in the ED at Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany. Daily serum creatinine (sCr) and urine output (UO) were recorded for AKI classification by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1, liver-type fatty acid–binding protein, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured in blood and urine, and IL-18, insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] were measured in urine collected at enrollment, after 6 hours, and the following morning. Association between these biomarkers and the end point of moderate-severe AKI (KDIGO stage 2–3) occurring within 12 hours of each sample collection was examined using generalized estimating equation logistic regression. Performance for prediction of the AKI end point using two previously validated [TIMP-2]-[IGFBP7] cutoffs was also tested.

Results

Of 400 enrolled patients, 298 had sufficient sCr and UO data for classification by KDIGO AKI criteria: AKI stage 2 developed in 37 patients and AKI stage 3 in nine patients. All urinary biomarkers, sCr, and plasma cystatin C had statistically significant (P<0.05) odds ratios (ORs) for the AKI end point. In a multivariable model of the urine biomarkers and sCr, only [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] and sCr had statistically significant ORs. Compared with [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7]<0.3 (ng/ml)2/1000, values between 0.3 and 2.0 (ng/ml)2/1000 indicated 2.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1 to 5.2) times the odds for the AKI end point and values >2.0 (ng/ml)2/1000 indicated 11.0 (95% CI, 4.4 to 26.9) times the odds. Addition of [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] to a clinical model significantly improved area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve from 0.67 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.78) to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.86) (P<0.001); however, including both markers in the model was not significantly different from including either marker alone.

Conclusions

Urinary [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] with pre-established cutoffs provides valuable information about risk for imminent AKI in the ED that is complementary to sCr and clinical risk factors.
Income inequality: Implications and relevant economic policies
Authors: Arestis Philip , Gonzalez-Martinez Ana
Published: March 2016

The aim of this contribution is to discuss closely the implications of income
inequality and the economic policies to tackle it, especially so in view of
inequality being one of the main causes of the 2007/2008 international
financial crisis and the ?great recession? that subsequently emerged. Wealth
inequality is also important in this respect, but the focus is on income
inequality. Ever since the financial crisis and the subsequent ?great
recession?, inequality of income, and wealth, has increased and the demand
for economic policy initiatives to produce a more equal distribution of
income and wealth has become more urgent. Such reduction would help to
increase the level of economic activity as has been demonstrated again more
recently. A number of economic policy initiatives for this purpose will be
the focus of this contribution.
Europe’s future - the relevance of Keynes’s economic consequences of the peace
Authors: Vujacic Ivan
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to use the analysis and recommendations of The
Economic Consequences of the Peace in order to illustrate how Keynes?s
approach could be used for an inquiry into the nature of the current euro
crisis. The euro crisis should not be separated from the crisis of the
European Union itself, since it is almost impossible to assume that the
effects of the demise of the euro area would not a be a direct cause of the
unraveling of the European Union, the most vast, complex, and tenacious
effort of economic and political integration in modern history. Certainly,
the conclusions and remedies proposed by Keynes should not be overlooked and
it is possible to draw some broad conclusions on how his approach would
affect the considerations regarding possible remedies for the current crisis.
The wealth effect in the Eurozone
Authors: Rodil-Marzábal Óscar , Menezes-Ferreira-Junior Vicente
Published: March 2016

The recent global financial crisis represents a serious threat to the growth
of economies. This crisis deeply affects the real economy through a
phenomenon known as the wealth effect, which assumes that a fall in wealth
leads to a reduction of private consumption. Thus, this paper analyzes the
wealth effect on consumption using quarterly macro-data for 10 Eurozone
countries in the period 2000-2010. The results suggest the existence of a
positive and significant wealth effect on consumption with the predominance
of a financial effect on housing, showing larger consumption sensitivity to
changes in the value of financial assets.
Private piety or collective worship in early Christian martyria: Late antique Naissus case study
Authors: Spehar Olga
Published: March 2016

Explanation of the purpose of early Christian martyria as places of
collective memory is a complex of many different circumstances and meanings
and must be observed in accordance. First of all, martyria are architectural
monuments dedicated to the martyrs, historical evidences of the martyrial
death of those who suffered for Christ - this is a simple explanation of
their real meaning. Yet, their social role is even more important than their
historical role - martyria continuously transferred an idea of Salvation
among the people, becoming thus the places of collective memory. But what
happen when the martyr?s relics are ?usurped? by one wealthy family? This
paper aim to shed some light on what could have been the real purpose of one
such example, the martyrium attached to the basilica on the necropolis in
Jagodin Mala in Naissus (modern Nis).
The chronology and the historical context of the construction of the Studenica monastery: Contribution to the study
Authors: Pirivatric Srdjan
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with the chronology of the construction of the Studenica
monastery and the historical context of Stefan Nemanja?s founding act. The
study focuses on the data provided by early hagiographies of Stefan Nemanja,
particularly on the information that the Serbian Grand Zupan issued a
chrysobull for the monastery, as well as the reference to his title of
samodrzac (autokrator). The emergence of Constantinopolitan influences during
the construction of the monastery Studenica is associated with the political
relations between the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos and Stefan Nemanja.
Praying with the senses: Examples of icon devotion and the sensory experience in medieval and early modern Balkans
Authors: Brajovic Sasa , Erdeljan Jelena
Published: March 2016

This paper discusses sensory experience in the practice of devotion of two
highly venerated icons in medieval and Early Modern Balkans: the mosaic icon
of the Virgin Hodegetria from the monastery of Chilandar and the icon of
Gospa of Skrpjela (Our Lady of the Reef) from the Bay of Kotor. Although part
of two different, albeit historically intertwined and perpetually connected
cultural and liturgical spheres, icon veneration in both the Orthodox and the
Catholic community of the broader Mediterranean world and the Balkans in
medieval and Early Modern times shares the same source. It relies on the
traditional Byzantine manner of icon veneration. This is particularly true of
highly venerated and often miracle working images of the Mother of God,
identity markers of political, social and religious entities, objects of
private devotion as well as performative objects around which are centered
public rituals of liturgical processions and ephemeral spectacles.
On the beginnings of the Constantinopolitan School of embroidery
Authors: Papastavrou Elena , Filiou Daphni
Published: March 2016

This paper examines Greek-Orthodox ecclesiastical embroidery in Ottoman
Constantinople after 1453 until the emergence of the Constantinopolitan
School of embroidery. We are well informed about the artistic production that
flourished between the last decades of the seventeenth century and
midnineteenth century via preserved artifacts and inscriptions bearing the
embroiderers? signature. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the production
between the fall of Byzantium and the last decades of the seventeenth century
is lacking. In this paper, our aim is to evaluate whether the Byzantine
artistic tradition continued to live in the Greek Constantinopolitan
production. The iconographical and technical analysis of different artifacts
will give the answer to this question revealing at the same time the
foundation basis of the embroidery of that School.
Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane that blunts adrenergic responses in sheep and evaluation of the effects of fentanyl
Authors: Barletta Michele , Kleine Stephanie A. , Hofmeister Erik H. , Thoresen Merrilee , Peroni John F. , Knych Heather K. , Scharf Alexandra M. , Quandt Jane E.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum alveolar concentration that blunts adrenergic responses (MACBAR) for isoflurane and evaluate effects of fentanyl on isoflurane MACBAR in sheep.

ANIMALS 13 healthy adult Dorset-cross adult ewes.

PROCEDURES In a crossover design, each ewe was anesthetized 2 times for determination of isoflurane MACBAR. Anesthesia was induced with propofol administered IV. Sheep initially received fentanyl (5 μg/kg, IV, followed by a constant rate infusion of 5 μg/kg/h) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment). After a washout period of at least 8 days, the other treatment was administered. For MACBAR determination, a mechanical nociceptive stimulus (ie, sponge forceps) was applied at the coronary band for 1 minute. The MACBAR values of the 2 treatments were compared by means of a paired t test. During MACBAR determination, blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma fentanyl concentration.

RESULTS Mean ± SD isoflurane MACBAR of the fentanyl and control treatments was 1.70 ± 0.28% and 1.79 ± 0.35%, respectively; no significant difference was found between the 2 treatments. Plasma concentration of fentanyl reached a median steady-state concentration of 1.69 ng/mL (interquartile range [25th to 75th percentile], 1.47 to 1.79 ng/mL), which was maintained throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of fentanyl at 5 μg/kg, IV, followed by a constant rate infusion of the drug at 5 μg/kg/h did not decrease isoflurane MACBAR. Further studies to determine the effect of higher doses of fentanyl on inhalation anesthetic agents and their potential adverse effects are warranted. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:119–126)
Radiographic evaluation of the width of the femorotibial joint space in horses
Authors: Trencart Pierre , Alexander Kate , De Lasalle Julie , Laverty Sheila
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To measure the minimal joint space width (mJSW) in caudocranial radiographic views of orthopedically normal femorotibial joints of horses, to compare the accuracy of measurements with those of a software program designed for humans, and to identify the ideal caudocranial radiographic projection angle for mJSW measurement.

ANIMALS 12 healthy mares (22 femorotibial joints) and 3 equine cadavers (6 stifle joints).

PROCEDURES Caudocranial views of femorotibial joints were acquired in the proximodistal plane at 5°, 10°, and 15° (caudo-5°-proximal-craniodistal oblique, 10°, and 15°) and lateromedial plane (caudo-10°-proximo-5°-lateral-craniodistomedial oblique and caudo-10°-proximo-5°-medial-craniodistolateral oblique). The mJSWs of medial and lateral femorotibial joint compartments were measured manually by 2 evaluators and automatically by a digital analysis software program. Interevaluator reproducibility was assessed. Post hoc tests were used to identify the projection angle that provided the largest measurements. Validation of mJSW measurements was performed by evaluation of 6 stifle joints ex vivo.

RESULTS Excellent agreement was achieved between the 2 evaluators and between the veterinary radiologist and the analysis software for the medial and lateral compartments of femorotibial joints. Angle of caudocranial view in the proximodistal but not lateromedial plane had a significant effect on the medial compartment mJSW measurements. Mean mJSW for the medial compartment was significantly higher for the caudoproximal-craniodistal oblique projection made at 10° from the horizontal than for other angles. Angle had no significant effect on mean mJSW for the lateral compartment. Agreement between automated measurements of mJSW in the medial compartment and thickness of nonmineralized cartilage in histologic preparations of associated tissues was excellent.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurements of mJSW in the medial compartment of femorotibial joints, the most common site of osteoarthritis in horses, were reproducible and optimal with a caudoproximal-craniodistal oblique radiographic projection made at 10° from the horizontal. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:127–136)
Serum and tissue concentrations of gallium after oral administration of gallium nitrate and gallium maltolate to neonatal calves
Authors: Monk Caroline S. , Sweeney Raymond W. , Bernstein Lawrence R. , Fecteau Marie-Eve
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine serum and tissue concentrations of gallium (Ga) after oral administration of gallium nitrate (GaN) and gallium maltolate (GaM) to neonatal calves.

ANIMALS 8 healthy neonatal calves.

PROCEDURES Calves were assigned to 1 of 2 groups (4 calves/group). Gallium (50 mg/kg) was administered as GaN or GaM (equivalent to 13.15 mg of Ga/kg for GaN and 7.85 mg of Ga/kg for GaM) by oral gavage once daily for 5 days. Blood samples were collected 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after Ga administration on day 1; 4 and 24 hours after Ga administration on days 2, 3, and 4; and 4, 12, and 24 hours after Ga administration on day 5. On day 6, calves were euthanized and tissue samples were obtained. Serum and tissue Ga concentrations were measured by use of mass spectrometry.

RESULTS Data were adjusted for total Ga dose, and comparisons were made between the 2 groups. Calves receiving GaM had a significantly higher dose-adjusted area under the curve and dose-adjusted maximum serum Ga concentration than did calves receiving GaN. Despite receiving less Ga per dose, calves receiving GaM had tissue Ga concentrations similar to those for calves receiving GaN.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, calves receiving GaM had significantly higher Ga absorption than did calves receiving GaN. These findings suggested that GaM might be useful as a prophylactic agent against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in neonatal calves. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:151–155)
Quantitative assessment of two methods of tiludronate administration for the treatment of lameness caused by navicular syndrome in horses
Authors: Whitfield Chase T. , Schoonover Mike J. , Holbrook Todd C. , Payton Mark E. , Sippel Kate M.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of 2 tiludronate administration protocols on measures of lameness in horses with navicular syndrome (NS).

ANIMALS 12 horses with bilateral forelimb NS.

PROCEDURES Horses were randomly assigned to receive tiludronate (1 mg/kg), diluted in 5 L of isotonic electrolyte solution and delivered through a jugular vein catheter (systemic treatment group; n = 6), or tiludronate (0.1 mg/kg), diluted with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution to a total volume of 35 mL and delivered into the lateral digital vein of each forelimb with an IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) technique (IVRLP group; 6). Mean peak vertical ground reaction force (pVGRF) measured with a stationary force plate and subjective lameness scores (SLSs) were recorded before (day −1) and at predetermined time points after tiludronate administration on day 0. Mean pVGRFs (standardized as percentage body weight of force) and mean SLSs for the most lame forelimb and for both forelimbs of horses in each group were compared with day −1 values to determine treatment effect.

RESULTS Mean pVGRF for both forelimbs and for the most lame forelimbs of systemically treated horses were significantly increased on days 120 and 200, compared with day −1 results. No significant difference in mean pVGRF was observed for IVRLP-treated horses. The SLSs were not improved at any time point following systemic treatment and were improved only on day 120 following IVRLP.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tiludronate (1 mg/kg, IV) as a single systemic treatment appeared to be beneficial for horses with NS, but no horses were judged as sound during the study period. Additional research on IVRLP with tiludronate is needed before this method can be recommended. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:167–173)
Assessment of the expression of biomarkers of uremic inflammation in dogs with renal disease
Authors: Nentwig Alice , Schweighauser Ariane , Maissen-Villiger Carla , Bruckmaier Rupert M. , Zurbriggen Andreas , van Dorland H. Anette , Francey Thierry
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in venous whole blood of dogs with impaired renal function attributable to various causes.

ANIMALS 46 dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI), 8 dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 10 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES Dogs with AKI and CKD were prospectively enrolled during 2010 if they met inclusion criteria. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were evaluated for each dog, and expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, IL-10, and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) and enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and 5-lipoxygenase [5-LO]) was measured in venous whole blood obtained at initial evaluation.

RESULTS Dogs with impaired renal function had markedly higher expression of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TGF-β and the enzyme 5-LO, compared with expression in healthy dogs. Additionally, 17 of 46 AKI dogs (but none of the CKD dogs) had higher IL-8 mRNA expression and 3 of 8 CKD dogs (but only 2/46 AKI dogs) had higher TNF-α expression, compared with results for healthy dogs. No significant difference between renal disease groups was detected for inflammatory markers and laboratory variables, degree of azotemia, or cause of impaired renal function.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, expression of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TGF-β and the enzyme 5-LO was clearly increased in dogs with renal disease, which suggested that these markers were part of an inflammatory response in animals with AKI or CKD. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:218–224)
Detection and quantification of parapoxvirus DNA by use of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in calves without clinical signs of parapoxvirus infection
Authors: Yaegashi Gakuji , Fukunari Kazuhiro , Oyama Takayuki , Murakami Ryu-koh , Inoshima Yasuo
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of parapoxvirus (PPV) in cattle without clinical signs of infection and in farm environments of PPV-infected cattle.

ANIMALS 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection on 2 farms and 11 clinically affected calves on 6 farms.

PROCEDURES 164 oral swab samples were collected at regular intervals from 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection, and 11 swab samples were collected from 11 clinically affected calves. Viral DNA load was quantified by use of a PPV-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay.

RESULTS Of 28 calves without clinical signs of PPV infection, 12 had positive results for PPV DNA by use of the qRT-PCR assay. Viral DNA was detected continuously over a period of 2 to 5 months from 9 of these 12 calves, particularly from calves with dermatomycosis or respiratory tract disease. The PPV DNA loads in 32 oral swab samples from these 12 calves were significantly lower (median, 3.2 copies/mg) than those in samples collected from the 11 clinically affected calves (median, 3.2 × 104 copies/mg). Moreover, PPV DNA was detected in the residual feed and drinking water on both farms that housed the calves without clinical signs of PPV infection.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PPV in cattle without clinical signs of infection and in the environments of these cattle may represent sources of PPV transmission to susceptible cattle.

IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Humans should wear gloves to prevent zoonotic disease transmission when handling cattle with or without clinical signs of PPV infection.
Pharmacokinetics of detomidine following intravenous or oral-transmucosal administration and sedative effects of the oral-transmucosal treatment in dogs
Authors: Messenger Kristen M. , Hopfensperger Marie , Knych Heather K. , Papich Mark G.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of detomidine hydrochloride administered IV (as an injectable formulation) or by the oral-transmucosal (OTM) route (as a gel) and assess sedative effects of the OTM treatment in healthy dogs.

ANIMALS 12 healthy adult dogs.

PROCEDURES In phase 1, detomidine was administered by IV (0.5 mg/m2) or OTM (1 mg/m2) routes to 6 dogs. After a 24-hour washout period, each dog received the alternate treatment. Blood samples were collected for quantification via liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic analysis. In phase 2, 6 dogs received dexmedetomidine IV (0.125 mg/m2) or detomidine gel by OTM administration (0.5 mg/m2), and sedation was measured by a blinded observer using 2 standardized sedation scales while dogs underwent jugular catheter placement. After a l-week washout period, each dog received the alternate treatment.

RESULTS Median maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, and bioavailability for detomidine gel following OTM administration were 7.03 ng/mL, 1.00 hour, and 34.52%, respectively; harmonic mean elimination half-life was 0.63 hours. All dogs were sedated and became laterally recumbent with phase 1 treatments. In phase 2, median global sedation score following OTM administration of detomidine gel was significantly lower (indicating a lesser degree of sedation) than that following IV dexmedetomidine treatment; however, total sedation score during jugular vein catheterization did not differ between treatments. The gel was subjectively easy to administer, and systemic absorption was sufficient for sedation.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Detomidine gel administered by the OTM route provided sedation suitable for a short, minimally invasive procedure in healthy dogs.