bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Search for the Tang Royal Domain (Wangji 王畿)
Authors: Wu Chia-Yun
Published: June 2023

This essay discusses how the traditional Chinese geographical concept Nine Domains (Jiufu 九服) was applied in Yixing’s 一行 (683–727) large-scale gnomonic survey of the Tang dynasty. Yixing’s surveying method is reconstructed by comparing textual records with schematic delineations. This comparison shows that the centralized and symmetrical pattern in the arrangement of survey sites conforms to the visual and schematic delineations of the concept of Nine Domains. The design was meant to show that the Earth was in harmony with heavenly patterns, thus confirming Emperor Xuanzong of Tang’s 唐玄宗 mandate of heaven to govern. In this essay, I lay out Yixing’s empirical scientific work and symbolic cultural activity regarding calendrical reform to re-establish the legitimacy of the Tang dynasty regime. The case demonstrates an understanding of how Chinese astronomers interrelated Heaven and Earth and indicates an ongoing tension in the history of science about concept-practice relations.
Description or Design
Authors: Kaemmer Hannah
Published: June 2023

Over the course of the seventeenth century, two representations of Stonehenge—one published in William Camden’s Britannia (1600) and the other in Inigo Jones’s Stone-heng Restored (1655)—were invoked repeatedly in an intensifying debate over the monument’s origins. This debate engaged both the virtuosi community of the Royal Society and members of the closely related, fledgling world of English architectural discourse, and the two representations became the common ground for both conversation and contestation. This paper traces the entangled afterlives of these two images, and argues that their reproduction and reinterpretation by members of natural history, antiquarian, and architectural communities created both discord and new, collective knowledge. Drawing on recent work exploring how images produced for divergent purposes and audiences were integrated into natural philosophical study, I explore how, through their reproduction, alteration, and recontextualization, these images functioned as tools of both division and mediation, and created space for debate and new investigation.
Vivescer: an Online Integral Teacher Development Platform – an Integral Education Case Study from Brazil
Authors: Esbjörn-Hargens Sean
Published: June 2023

Brazil has a rich and distinct tradition of pioneering and promoting Integral Education at a national level. The roots of Integral Education in Brazil go all the way back to 1932 with their publication of the New Education Pioneers’ Manifesto. Building on Brazil’s own foundation in Integral Education, beginning in 2017 Instituto Peninsula a Brazilian non-profit undertook an ambitious multi-year project to develop an online teacher development platform. The goal of this platform was to service all of Brazil’s 150,000 public school teachers. This case study introduces this initiative and presents the unique Integral Education framework that was developed to guide the integral development and ongoing training of public-school teachers. This framework draws heavily on the Integral Education approach associated with Ken Wilber’s Integral Theory. It also incorporates Brazil’s own vision and practice of Integral Education. The framework uses four major learning paths (i.e., Body, Emotion, Mind, and Purpose) in four distinct domains (i.e., Experience, Behavior, Systems, Relationships) to generate a matrix of 16 core competencies for developing integral teachers. The success of this platform to date will be reviewed as well as an exploration of how this initiative can contribute to unique global expressions of Integral Education.
Family Tradition Theater
Authors: Xiaoyi Liao
Published: June 2023

Family Tradition Theater is the application of Integral Drama Based Pedagogy in community family education. Centered around the ancient wisdom of “Life of Harmony”, i.e., delight in way of life and admiration of harmony, the Family Tradition Theater incorporates the five ideas of Chinese family culture into five relationships to find the obstacles in these relationships and the ways to communicate. Specifically, they start with five core values of family culture – harmony, filial piety, faith, righteousness and propriety – the Theater guides audiences to see or realize the “viruses” in daily life, i.e., prejudice, complaint, unrealistic comparison, control, and scheming; remove these “viruses” through facing, introspecting, understanding, mastering, practicing, sharing, and growing; shape five spiritual accomplishments emotion, responsibility, rules, rationality and trust; and construct three major mindsets – perspectives of internality, relationship, and growth;
The Strategy of Connotative Development of Higher Education in China: a Policy Mapping Scope
Authors: Li Jian
Published: June 2023

The history of higher education in China is considered as the history of continuously choosing a model of development. The higher education is always facing the problem of walking along the way of intension or extension at different stages of development. From the perspective of macro and micro, this study aims to explore the strategy of connotative development of higher education in China from a policy mapping scope. It plays a bigger and better function by adjusting or optimizing the structure, improving the level and quality under the background of keeping the scale of higher education system stable or growing slightly.
On the Influence of the Bay of Bengal’s Sea Surface Temperature Gradients on Rainfall of the South Asian Monsoon
Authors: Sheehan Peter M. F. , Matthews Adrian J. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Vinayachandran P. N.
Published: June 2023

The southwest monsoon delivers over 70% of India’s annual rainfall and is crucial to the success of agriculture across much of South Asia. Monsoon precipitation is known to be sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Here, we use a configuration of the Unified Model of the Met Office coupled to an ocean mixed layer model to investigate the role of upper-ocean features in the BoB on southwest monsoon precipitation. We focus on the pronounced zonal and meridional SST gradients characteristic of the BoB; the zonal gradient in particular has an as-yet unknown effect on monsoon rainfall. We find that the zonal SST gradient is responsible for a 50% decrease in rainfall over the southern BoB (approximately 5 mm day−1), and a 50% increase in rainfall over Bangladesh and northern India (approximately 1 mm day−1). This increase is remotely forced by a strengthening of the monsoon Hadley circulation. The meridional SST gradient acts to decrease precipitation over the BoB itself, similarly to the zonal SST gradient, but does not have comparable effects over land. The impacts of barrier layers and high-salinity subsurface water are also investigated, but neither has significant effects on monsoon precipitation in this model; the influence of barrier layers on precipitation is felt in the months after the southwest monsoon. Models should accurately represent oceanic processes that directly influence BoB SST, such as the BoB cold pool, in order to faithfully represent monsoon rainfall.
Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) over the Mississippi River Plume
Authors: John Effy B. , Balaguru Karthik , Leung L. Ruby , Foltz Gregory R. , Hetland Robert D. , Hagos Samson M.
Published: June 2023

Tropical Cyclone (TC) Sally formed on 11 September 2020, traveled through the Gulf of Mexico (GMX), and intensified rapidly before making landfall on the Alabama coast as a devastating category-2 TC with extensive coastal and inland flooding. In this study, using a combination of observations and idealized numerical model experiments, we demonstrate that the Mississippi River plume played a key role in the intensification of Sally near the northern Gulf Coast. As the storm intensified and its translation slowed before landfall, sea surface cooling was reduced along its track, coincident with a pronounced increase in SSS. Further analysis reveals that TC Sally encountered a warm Loop Current eddy in the northern GMX close to the Mississippi River plume. Besides deepening the thermocline, the eddy advected low-salinity Mississippi River plume water into the storm’s path. This resulted in the development of strong upper-ocean salinity stratification, with a shallow layer of freshwater lying above a deep, warm “barrier layer.” Consequently, TC-induced mixing and the associated sea surface cooling were reduced, aiding Sally’s intensification. These results suggest that the Mississippi River plume and freshwater advection by the Loop Current eddies can play an important role in TC intensification near the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Effects of Temperature and Air Pollution on Emergency Ambulance Dispatches: A Time Series Analysis in a Medium-Sized City in Germany
Authors: Schneider Philipp , Thieken Annegret , Walz Ariane
Published: June 2023

Management of adverse health-related effects from heat waves requires comprehensive and accessible sources of information. This paper examines the effects of temperature and air pollution on human health and identifies areas with increased occurrence of emergency ambulance dispatches in the city of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany, and discusses the applicability for health care interventions and urban planning. An overdispersed Poisson generalized additive model was used to examine and predict the association and potential lag of exposure between temperature, air pollution, and three types of emergency ambulance dispatches during the study period from 2011 to 2019. A linear model was used to estimate heat-wave effects. A line density function was used to identify areas with increased occurrence of dispatches. Significant effects of temperature were detected for nontraumatic and cardiovascular diseases after exceeding a threshold temperature. The exposure–response relationships showed an increased relative risk up to two days after exposure for nontraumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Results indicate a significant association between presence of heat waves and cardiovascular diseases with up to 17% (95% confidence interval: 5.9%–30.0%) increased relative risk on a heat-wave day relative to a non-heat-wave day. Dispatches for cardiovascular diseases occur more often in areas with a high population and building density, especially in summer. The analyses identified hotspots of heat-related dispatches in areas with increased population and building density and provides baseline information for interventions in future urban planning and public health care management based on data commonly available even in small cities.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how authorities in even medium- and small-sized cities can assess health impacts of heat stress or air pollution using free accessible emergency ambulance data and software to incorporate the outcomes in their spatial planning or health care management. This is important as ongoing climate change requires all urban communities to adapt and reduce adverse impacts of climate change and air pollution. Our results show that extreme heat leads to increased emergency ambulance dispatches in a medium-sized city in Germany and provide a spatial overview of where health care interventions and urban planning can focus to mitigate adverse effects.
Optimal Time to Surgery for Small Bowel Obstruction: A Risk Adjusted Analysis Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Kobylarz Fred C. , Ciampa Maeghan L. , Suydam Camille R. , Beydoun Hind A. , Schlussel Andrew T. , Richards Carly R. N.
Published: June 2023

Background

The management of a small bowel obstruction (SBO) remains a challenge for general surgeons. The majority of SBOs can be treated conservatively; however, when surgery is required, the timing of operative intervention remains uncertain. Utilizing a large national database, we sought to evaluate the optimal timeframe for surgery following hospital admission with a diagnosis of SBO.

Methods

This was a retrospective review utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2006-2015). Outcomes following surgery for SBO were identified using ICD-9-CM coding. Two comorbidity indices were utilized to determine severity of illness. Patients were stratified into four groups based on time in days from admission to surgery. Propensity score models were created to predict the number of days until surgery following admission. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine risk adjusted postoperative outcomes.

Results

We identified 92 807 cases of non-elective surgery for SBO. The overall mortality rate was 4.7%. Surgery on days 3-5 was associated with the lowest rate of mortality. A longer preoperative length of stay (LOS) (3-5 days) was associated with a significantly greater number of wound (OR = 1.24) and procedural (OR = 1.17) complications compared to day 0. However, delayed surgical intervention (≥6 days) was associated with decreased cardiac (OR = .69) and pulmonary complications (OR = .58).

Discussion

After adjustment, a preoperative LOS of 3-5 days was associated with a decreased risk of mortality. In addition, increasing preoperative LOS was associated with decreased cardiopulmonary complications. However, an increased risk of procedural and wound complications during this time period suggest surgery may be more technically challenging.
Example of use of clock time-dependent targets for patient-based quality control
Authors: Stickle Douglas F
Published: June 2023

Background

Running means for total calcium (Ca) results at our laboratory exhibit a stable time-of-day (TOD) periodic pattern. We examined use of TOD-dependent targets for running means in patient-based quality control (PBQC) for Ca.

Methods

Primary data were Ca results over a 3 month interval, restricted to weekday data within the Ca reference interval (8.5–10.3 mg/dL; 2.12–2.57 mmol/L). Running means were evaluated as sliding averages of 20 samples (20-mers).

Results

Data comprised 39,629 consecutive Ca measurements (75.3% inpatient (IP)) for which Ca was 9.29±0.47 mg/dL. The all data average for 20-mers was 9.29 ± 0.18 mg/dL. When parsed in 1 h TOD intervals, however, averages among 20-mers ranged from 9.1 to 9.5 mg/dL, with blocs of contiguous results above (0800–2300 h; 53.3% of results; IP = 75.3%) and below (2300–0800 h; 46.7% of results; IP = 99.9%) the all-data mean. There was thus an inherent TOD-dependent pattern of deviation of means from target when using a fixed PBQC target. Using Fourier series analysis as an example approach, characterization of the pattern to produce TOD-dependent PBQC targets eliminated this inherent inaccuracy.

Conclusions

In circumstances of periodic variation in running means, simple characterization of that variation can reduce the probability of both false positive and false negative flags in PBQC.
Experiences of racial microaggression among immigrant and Canadian-born young adults: Effects of double stigma on mental health and service use
Authors: Feng Ruo Ying , Krygsman Amanda , Vaillancourt Tracy , Vitoroulis Irene
Published: June 2023

Background:

Significant disparities in utilization of mental health services exist among immigrant and Canadian-born populations. These gaps may be associated with a ‘double stigma’ – stigma related to being from a racialized background exacerbated by mental health stigma. Immigrant young adults may be particularly susceptible to this phenomenon, given developmental and social transitions from adolescence to adulthood.

Aims:

To investigate the joint effects of racial microaggression and mental health stigma on mental health and service use among first-generation immigrant and Canadian-born university students.

Method:

We conducted an online cross-sectional study among first-generation immigrant and Canadian-born university students (N = 1,280, Mage = 19.10, SD = 1.50).

Results:

Despite no differences in anxiety or depression symptoms, first-generation (foreign-born) immigrants were less likely to have received therapy and to have taken medication for mental health issues compared to Canadian-born participants. First-generation immigrants also reported experiencing higher levels of racial microaggression and stigma toward service use. Results suggest the presence of a double stigma, mental health stigma and racial microaggression, each explained significant additional variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression and medication use. No effects of double stigma for therapy use were found – while higher mental health stigma predicted lower use of therapy, racial microaggression did not predict unique variance in therapy use.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the joint effects of racial microaggression and stigma toward mental health and service as barriers to help-seeking among immigrant young adults. Mental health intervention and outreach programmes should target overt and covert forms of racial discrimination while incorporating culturally sensitive anti-stigma approaches to help reduce disparities in mental health service use among immigrants in Canada.
Where the Centaur Walks: Psalms and the Poetic Imagination
Authors: Jones Ethan C.
Published: June 2023

The ‘redress of poetry as poetry,’ means, according to the Irish poet and Noble Prize winner Seamus Heaney, an awareness of ‘an eminence established and a pressure exercised by distinctly linguistic means.’ Poetry, he asserts, ‘is the imagination pressing back against the pressure of reality.’ The imagination of Psalms poetry needs to be rediscovered. This has begun with the monumental book by Dobbs-Allsopp (2015). Yet, more work is needed. This article explores how the Psalter, being poetry, makes claims to and on the imagination, reality, and the confluence thereof. It is an attempt to see how the redress of Psalms poetry might refine our reading of the biblical book. Psalm 98 serves as key illustration.
Acoustic properties of composites materials based on bentonite and coconut or cactus (nopal) fibers
Authors: Victoria-Martínez Uriel , Loera-Serna Sandra , Vázquez-Cerón Ernesto R
Published: June 2023

Materials made from natural fibers or waste have been studied to acquire a composite with good acoustical isolation properties, commercial materials used in this concern are polyurethane foam, fiberglass, Rockwool, and drywall. This work proposes using waste coconut and cactus ( Opuntia ficus-indica) fibers to synthesize bentonite composites and study their physicochemical and acoustic properties. Physicochemical properties of precursor and composites (75% wt. fiber) were determined by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption, optical, and SEM microscopies. The transmission, reflection, and absorption coefficients, 50 to 10,000 Hz, were obtained in an impedance tube and were compared with commercial materials. The composites were subjected to surface humidity and thermal (30, 50, and 70°C) tests to evaluate the stability of acoustic properties. The mechanical properties of the composites are improved with the addition of bentonite, hardness is increased by 6.7% and 0.9%, and the density is decreased by 73.6% and 45.5%, for coconut and nopal, respectively, porosity also changes. We corroborated the significant presence of montmorillonite in bentonite (XRD), while the nopal or coconut fibers are composed of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin (FTIR). Also, mucilage was identified in the nopal samples as adherent biopolymer that generates stability either thermally or in wetting conditions. Coconut fiber has a high absorption coefficient (similar to polyurethane), which is reduced with humidity. However, by adding bentonite, the reflection is more elevated, and transmission is lower than commercial materials. The bentonite and nopal (fiber and composite) presented stability in the acoustic coefficients as a function of humidity and temperature.
A Qualitative Study of How Hospice Workers Cope With Their Level of Exposure to Death
Authors: Sielaff Alex , Rothschild Lyla , Horner Dylan E. , Greenberg Jeff
Published: June 2023

Objective

To identify whether hospice workers hold unique and theoretically-informative perspectives about death, especially as they relate to terror management processes.

Method

Twelve hospice workers from two hospices in Tucson, Arizona, United States, participated in semi-structured interviews. Interview and analytic practices were guided by Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967).

Results

Three categories were identified in relation to death attitudes: effects of chronic confrontation with death; reasons for working in hospice; and perceptions of death in others.

Conclusions

Two theoretically informative trends appeared. First, hospice workers largely manage death anxiety as identified by existing literature with the notable exception that hospice workers overall seem to integrate death and dying into their worldviews as a meaningful category, as opposed to avoiding thinking about death. Second, even among those regularly exposed to death, there seems to be a range across participants on a continuum from avoiding to confronting the topic of death.
Mental health and exercise habits among police students in Sweden: A three-year retrospective study
Authors: Jansson Alexander , Bjärsholm Daniel , Krugly Sandra , Ingrell Joakim , Vikman Jenny
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explore police students’ self-rated mental health and physical activity levels and the relationship between them. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data ( N = 722), two scales on mental health orientation were developed. The scales and levels of physical activity were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and X 2. During police education, (1) the level of physical activity decreases for men, (2) there is a decline in positive health orientation for both sexes, and (3) women report a more negative health orientation. This raises questions regarding whether “enough” is done to provide police students with sufficient conditions for improving their health.
The Genocidal Trail of Agrarian Capitalism: Guarani–Kaiowa's Struggle for Survival
Authors: Ioris Antonio A. R.
Published: June 2023

Although genocide is an expression commonly used today in relation to the dramatic challenges faces by indigenous peoples around the world, the significance of the Guarani–Kaiowa genocidal experience is not casual and cannot be merely sloganised. The indigenous genocide unfolding in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso do Sul – Kaiowcide – is not just a case of hyperbolic violence or widespread murdering, but it is something qualitatively different from other serious crimes committed against marginalised, subaltern communities. Kaiowcide is actually the reincarnation of old genocidal practices of agrarian capitalism employed to extend and unify the national territory. In other words, Kaiowcide has become a necessity of mainstream development, whilst the sanctity of regional economic growth and private rural property are excuses invoked to justify the genocidal trail. The phenomenon combines strategies and procedures based on the competition and opposition between groups of people who dispute the same land and the relatively scarce social opportunities of an agribusiness-based economy. Many lessons must be learned and could directly contribute to improve democracy, justice and the rule of law in the country.
Study on surrounding rock deformation and gas control of entry automatically formed by roof cutting in high-gas coal seam
Authors: Gao Hainan , Gao Yubing , Qi Jingchen , Fu Qiang , Zhang Xingyu
Published: June 2023

Severe deformation of surrounding rock and excess-gas are the main problems faced in mining of high-gas coal seam. This paper analyzes the deformation characteristics and mechanical model of surrounding rock in high-gas coal seam, and proposes the control technology of surrounding rock deformation and gas prevention and control. Based on this, the entry automatically formed by roof cutting (EAFRC) surrounding rock control technology and constant resistance large deformation anchor cable (CRLDA) support control technology in Shaqu coal mine are put forward. At the same time, the surrounding rock stress and gas migration law of the working face under traditional mining method and EAFRC mining were compared and analyzed. Through the field engineering test, the monitoring and analysis of surrounding rock deformation and gas concentration, the average surrounding rock deformation of roof cutting roadway is 310 mm, and the gas concentration of retained roadway by roof cutting is 0.31%. Through the research in this paper, the surrounding rock stability and gas control of the working face have been realized, and the non-pillar mining of EAFRC has ensured the safe mining of high gas working faces, which provides a reference for the mining of similar mines in non-pillar mining. At the same time, the technical system of EAFRC in non-pillar mining was established, which promoted the development and application of non-pillar mining.
Family Firms, M&A Strategies, and M&A Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Palm Marina , Kraft Priscilla S. , Kammerlander Nadine
Published: June 2023

Extant research has yielded conflicting theoretical and empirical predictions about whether family firm acquirers perform better or worse in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) than their nonfamily firm counterparts. To help resolve this controversy, we take a socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective to theorize that family members’ desire to preserve their SEW favors the pursuit of M&A strategies that are both beneficial (industry-related M&As) and detrimental (domestic M&As) to M&A performance. We further theorize that the desire to preserve SEW leads to family firm idiosyncratic SEW resources that help family firm acquirers, on average, achieve better M&A performance than nonfamily firm acquirers. Meta-analytic results based on 51 primary studies covering 242,123 M&A deals are in line with our predictions. Thus, our study contributes to the literature on family firms and M&A performance by explaining how the different M&A strategies chosen by family firms have positive and negative consequences for M&A performance. Our theory and findings have implications for future family business and M&A research.
Using Augmented Reality Based Intervention to Teach Science to Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Yenioglu Busra Yilmaz , Yenioglu Samed , Sayar Kubra , Ergulec Funda
Published: June 2023

Augmented reality has the potential to give students a unique experience, including when teaching science subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an augmented reality-based intervention in teaching “Solar Systems and Planets” to four students with learning disabilities. The dependent variable was the percentage of the students’ correct answers to the questions about the science unit. The independent variable was the augmented reality-based intervention. A multiple baseline across participants’ designs was used in the study. The results showed a functional relationship between the augmented reality-based intervention and the percentage of correct answers the students gave to the questions. All four students showed significant gains immediately after receiving the intervention and maintained it between one and 5 weeks. Social validity findings also showed that students enjoyed the augmented reality-based intervention and were willing to use it in other subjects.
Sleep Location and Its Association with Caregiver Sleep Quality During Patient Hospital Admission
Authors: Fernández-Puerta Laura , Prados Germán , André Claire , Paquet Jean , Gosselin Nadia
Published: June 2023

During acute hospitalization, many caregivers decide to stay at the care recipient’s bedside over the course of several days or months, coping with a stressful situation and a poor sleeping environment. Our objective was to characterize caregiver sleep–wake cycles during care recipient hospital admission and test the association between sleep location (home versus hospital) and caregiver sleep. Eighty-six informal caregivers (78.8% female; age 55.47 ± 12.43 years) were recruited. For seven consecutive days, caregivers wore actigraphy devices and filled a sleep diary indicating whether they had slept at the hospital or at home. Caregiver insomnia symptoms, anxiety, and depression along with patient dependence were also assessed. Nighttime total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and fragmentation index were described. Mixed-model analyses were used to evaluate the effect of the overnight location (home versus hospital) on caregiver sleep quality. In total, 38.4% of caregivers exhibited poor objective sleep efficiencies (< 80%), and 43% of caregivers reported having moderate to severe insomnia symptoms. Caregivers mostly slept at the hospital ( n = 53), but some slept at home ( n = 14) or between both locations ( n = 19). Mixed-model analyses using actigraphy showed that caregivers had significantly better sleep quality when resting at home regarding wake after sleep onset, fragmentation index, and sleep efficiency ( p < .05). Caregivers experienced poor sleep quality during care recipients’ hospitalization, specifically when sleeping at the hospital versus sleeping at home. Healthcare workers should ensure caregivers’ well-being and strongly encourage caregivers to rest at home whenever possible.
Change of dexmedetomidine and midazolam concentrations by simultaneous injection in an in vitro extracorporeal circuit
Authors: Michihara Ayana , Hanada Miyu , Nagatsuka (Handa) Yuka , Mizoguchi Takayuki , Ohchi Yoshifumi , Sato Yuhki
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Patient sedation and analgesia are vital for safety and comfort during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, adsorption by the circuit may alter drug pharmaco-kinetics and remains poorly characterized. This study is the first to examine the concentrations of DEX and MDZ in the presence of drug–drug interactions using an in vitro extracorporeal circuit system that incorporates a polymer-coated polyvinyl chloride tube, but not a membrane oxygenator.

Methods and Results

Nine in vitro extracorporeal circuits were prepared using polymer-coated PVC tubing. Once the circuits were primed and running, either a single drug or two drugs were injected as boluses into the circuit with three circuits per drug. Drug samples were drawn following injection at 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and at 4, 12, and 24 h. They were then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. When compared with an injection of DEX alone, the combination of DEX and MDZ is highly changed, with DEX and MDZ affecting the availability of free drugs in the circuit.

Conclusions

The change of DEX and MDZ concentrations was confirmed by a combination of both drugs as compared with either single-infusion DEX or MDZ in an in vitro extracorporeal circuit. Drug–drug interactions developed between DEX and MDZ through albumin in an extracorporeal circuit; as a result, the unbounded drugs might change in the circuit.
Trustworthiness judgments without the halo effect: A data-driven computational modeling approach
Authors: Oh DongWon , Wedel Nicole , Labbree Brandon , Todorov Alexander
Published: June 2023

Trustworthy-looking faces are also perceived as more attractive, but are there other meaningful cues that contribute to perceived trustworthiness? Using data-driven models, we identify these cues after removing attractiveness cues. In Experiment 1, we show that both judgments of trustworthiness and attractiveness of faces manipulated by a model of perceived trustworthiness change in the same direction. To control for the effect of attractiveness, we build two new models of perceived trustworthiness: a subtraction model, which forces the perceived attractiveness and trustworthiness to be negatively correlated (Experiment 2), and an orthogonal model, which reduces their correlation (Experiment 3). In both experiments, faces manipulated to appear more trustworthy were indeed perceived to be more trustworthy, but not more attractive. Importantly, in both experiments, these faces were also perceived as more approachable and with more positive expressions, as indicated by both judgments and machine learning algorithms. The current studies show that the visual cues used for trustworthiness and attractiveness judgments can be separated, and that apparent approachability and facial emotion are driving trustworthiness judgments and possibly general valence evaluation.
Gender Wage Gap, Wage-Productivity Decoupling, and the Rate of Profit
Authors: Ossa Daniel
Published: June 2023

The declining gender wage gap (GWG) and the wage-productivity decoupling (WPD) are two emerging phenomena for the United States since the 1980s. This article proposes an extension to the usual decomposition method of the profit rate to account for both the GWG and the WPD on aggregate income distribution. It then uses this framework to study the US manufacturing sector from 1960 to 2017. It suggests that gender wage inequality was a source of profitability, especially before 1986, but which was slowly petered out. Since 2001, increases in the profit share have mostly been due to the WPD. These results highlight the relevance of gender-based inequality in the more traditional analysis of the profit rate dynamics.

JEL Classification: B51, E11, E25, J16
Learning From a Laureate: Dr. Kenneth J. Arrow
Authors: Jones Stacey M.
Published: June 2023

In this article, Stacey Jones reflects on her experience taking graduate courses in economic inequality and economic history from Nobel laureate Kenneth J. Arrow.
Ten years later: A portrait of the implementation of the advanced access model in Quebec
Authors: Breton Mylaine , Gaboury Isabelle , Beaulieu Christine , Deville-Stoetzel Nadia , Martin Elisabeth
Published: June 2023

Since 2012, implementation of the advanced access model in primary care has been highly recommended across Canada to improve timely access. We present a portrait of the implementation of the advanced access model 10 years after its large-scale implementation across the province of Quebec. In total, 127 clinics participated in the study, with 999 family physicians and 107 nurse practitioners responding to the survey. Results show that opening schedules for appointments over a period of 2 to 4 weeks has largely been implemented. However, reserving consultation time for urgent or semi-urgent conditions was implemented by less than half and planning supply and demand for 20% or more of the upcoming year by fewer than one fifth of respondents. More strategies need to be put in place to react to imbalances when they occur. We demonstrate that strategies based on individual practice change are more often implemented than those requiring changes at the clinic.
An analysis of policies supporting the roles of family physicians in four regions in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mathews Maria , Meredith Leslie , Ryan Dana , Hedden Lindsay , Lukewich Julia , Marshall Emily G. , Moritz Lauren , Spencer Sarah , Xiao Jennifer , Brown Judith B. , McKay Madeleine , Wong Eric , Gill Paul
Published: June 2023

Policy supports are needed to ensure that Family Physicians (FPs) can carry out pandemic-related roles. We conducted a document analysis in four regions in Canada to identify regulation, expenditure, and public ownership policies during the COVID-19 pandemic to support FP pandemic roles. Policies supported FP roles in five areas: FP leadership, Infection Prevention and Control (IPAC), provision of primary care services, COVID-19 vaccination, and redeployment. Public ownership polices were used to operate assessment, testing and vaccination, and influenza-like illness clinics and facilitate access to personal protective equipment. Expenditure policies were used to remunerate FPs for virtual care and carrying out COVID-19-related tasks. Regulatory policies were region-specific and used to enact and facilitate virtual care, build surge capacity, and enforce IPAC requirements. By matching FP roles to policy supports, the findings highlight different policy approaches for FPs in carrying out pandemic roles and will help to inform future pandemic preparedness.
Computational study of hydrothermal characteristics in straight microchannels with base triangular and wavy profile designs for electronic cooling
Authors: Kumar Valaparla Ranjith , Balasubramanian Karthik , Kupireddi Kiran , Prasad Kattela Siva
Published: June 2023

In the current study, computational analysis of the hydrothermal behavior of fluid flow in straight microchannels (MCs) with base triangular and wavy profile designs was conducted and the results were compared with that of straight MCs. The computational study was conducted in the 100–300 Reynolds number (Re) range. According to computational analysis, the thickness of the boundary layer grows as the fluid moves through straight MC, resulting in lower heat dissipation. Continual thinning and thickening of the boundary layer is seen to form in straight MC with triangular base and wavy profile designs. The fluid passing through the MC material can transfer heat more effectively as a result. Additionally, in straight MC with base wavy profiles designs, it was observed that there were more Dean vortices, reduction in stagnation zones, and lowering of channel base temperature. From the current study, it was noticed that straight MC with base wavy profiles designs showed higher heat transfer (0.5% to 21.14%), lower pressure drop (18.65% to 14.25%) compared to straight MC at Re range from 100 to 300, and higher overall performance factor compared to other designs.
Parametric optimization of hybrid artificial roughness used in solar air heaters using multiple criteria decision making techniques
Authors: Goel Varun , Dwivedi Ankur , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Solar air heaters (SAHs) are widely accepted and used for drying and heating purposes. Numerous methodologies are available for augmentation of the performance of a SAH but the application of artificial roughness underside the absorber plate is reported to bean efficient one. This study aims to present the effects of using hybrid artificial roughness combining the transverse ribs along with discrete inclined ribs, on the thermo-hydraulic performance of roughened SAH. The response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized for the design of experiments to investigate the influence of relative roughness height (0.018 ≤ e/ D ≤ 0.036), relative roughness pitch (5 ≤ p/ e ≤ 15), attack angle (45° ≤ α ≤ 75°), and Reynolds number (1,900 ≤ Re ≤ 20,300) as input parameters. The empirical equations are developed for Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermo-hydraulic performance parameter based on the regression analysis. An integrated analytical hierarchy process-based weighted aggregated sum product assessment (AHP-WASPAS) method is used to evaluate an optimal parametric combination ( e/ D = 0.036, p/ e = 15, α = 75°, and Re = 20,300). The results are supported by the corresponding experimental outcomes. Also, the sensitivity analysis and rank reversal tests performed as qualitative assessment procedures for the results obtained from the proposed strategy. The proposed decision framework is reported to be very sensitive to several criteria weight fluctuations with maximum and least deviations of 15.41% and 2.56% for δWjp = +50% and δWjp = −10%, respectively. Further, the obtained results confirm the robustness of aopted decisional scheme with just one rank reversal.
Exploring aggregated and disaggregated environmental impacts of biofuels: Do affluence, green technological innovation and green finance matter for top biofuel-abundant economies?
Authors: Qi Yuan , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Saleh Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz
Published: June 2023

The unceasing ravaging effects of global warming have made the world rethink the choice of energy consumption, with policymakers pushing for an unconditional transition to sustainable energy believed to be eco-friendly. Although studies have emerged with a view to unravel the path to global environmental sustainability, the paths of biofuels remain scantly investigated. Hence, this study presented the maiden empirical support for the aggregated and disaggregated impacts of biofuels on environmental sustainability in five top biofuel-abundant economies (Brazil, China, Germany, Indonesia, and the United States) from 1995 to 2019. The papers add to the existing knowledge by considering the roles of green technological innovation (proxied by environmental-related technologies), affluence, green finance, population and coal in a novel STIRPAT framework. The stated model is empirically verified based on recent techniques encompassing CS-ARDL, CCEMG, AMG, and MMQR. The empirical results uncover that both effects of biofuels substantially moderate carbon emissions, thus paving the way for environmental sustainability. Besides, environmental-related technologies and green finance significantly mitigate carbon emissions, whereas affluence, population, and coal positively drive carbon emissions. The empirical regularity of the main estimators is confirmed based on the feedback from MMQR which uphold the validity of biofuels in mitigating carbon emissions at different quantiles. The outcomes of the causality analysis uncover unidirectional, bidirectional and non-causal nexuses. Policy insights that promote sustainable exploration of biofuels for achieving a carbon-neutral environment are exposited following the findings.
Nonparametric Bayesian Q-learning for optimization of dynamic treatment regimes in the presence of partial compliance
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrabati , Ertefaie Ashkan , Lynch Kevin G , McKay James R , Johnson Brent A
Published: June 2023

Existing methods for estimation of dynamic treatment regimes are mostly limited to intention-to-treat analyses—which estimate the effect of randomization to a particular treatment regime without considering the compliance behavior of patients. In this article, we propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian Q-learning approach to construct optimal sequential treatment regimes that adjust for partial compliance. We consider the popular potential compliance framework, where some potential compliances are latent and need to be imputed. The key challenge is learning the joint distribution of the potential compliances, which we accomplish using a Dirichlet process mixture model. Our approach provides two kinds of treatment regimes: (1) conditional regimes that depend on the potential compliance values; and (2) marginal regimes where the potential compliances are marginalized. Extensive simulation studies highlight the usefulness of our method compared to intention-to-treat analyses. We apply our method to the Adaptive Treatment for Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence (ENGAGE) study , where the goal is to construct optimal treatment regimes to engage patients in therapy.
A subaltern gaze on White ignorance, (in)security and the possibility of educating the White rescue plans
Authors: Sajjad Fatima Waqi
Published: June 2023

In this article, I, as a subaltern, offer a reverse gaze on White security plans to rescue the world from the tide of violent extremism. Violent extremism has been identified as a global security threat by the United Nations, which announced a Plan of Action to combat the threat in 2016. Education has been considered a valuable tool for preventing violent extremism. In 2017, UNESCO published a policy guide explaining how education can be used to prevent violent extremism. This article offers a critique of the UNESCO policy guide, using the construct of White ignorance as explained by Charles Mills and Jennifer Mueller’s Theory of Racial Ignorance. This critique, coming from a location (Pakistan) where education has been under intense White scrutiny since 9/11, owing to its alleged link with violent ideologies, provides an inverse perspective on the problem of violent extremism. Using Mills’s concept of the epistemology of ignorance, I argue that international security policies view security as maintenance of White hegemony and refuse to listen to the people labelled as a security problem by White epistemic authorities. I contend that it is the White security policy that needs to be educated to prevent violence and maintain durable security.
What affords being creative? Opportunities for novelty in light of perception, embodied activity, and imaginative skill
Authors: Kimmel Michael , Groth Camilla
Published: June 2023

An affordance perspective highlights how resourceful the ecology is for creative actions of all sorts; it captures how creativity is grounded in materiality. In contrast to “canonical affordances” (i.e., “ready-to-hand,” mundane instances), creative affordances point to unconventional or surprising action opportunities that are nonetheless valued. Our initial aim is to discuss how to frame the affordance concept to make it attractive for the study of creativity. We propose a dialectic position that reconciles aspects of the realism of ecological psychology with the constructivist view more typical of creativity scholars. We stress that novel options frequently depend on constructive actions; novelty cannot always simply be “found” or just waits to be used. Many creative opportunities only emerge from how person actively engages with the ecology. Our second aim is to explore specific ways that creativity is mediated through affordances, based on illustrations from crafts and dance. These suggest that affordances span various timescales and mediate in multiple ways, from noticing existing potentials, via active affordance shaping, to background activities that indirectly invite or enable novelty. In conclusion we discuss how a person’s creative “vision,” imagination and combinatoric ability, all fundamental creativity mechanisms, relate to affordances and how fruitful creative directions may be perceptually hinted at.
Doxycycline’s Potential Role in Reducing Thrombosis and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Al Sulaiman Khalid , Aljuhani Ohoud , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Alnajjar Lina I. , Altebainawi Ali F. , AlFaifi Mashael , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Alenazi Abeer A. , Alalawi Mai , Alissa Abdulrahman , Alsowaida Yazed S. , Alsohimi Samiah , Almagthali Alaa , Alay Saeed M. , Altaher Noora , Alamri Mohammed G. , Alangari Dalal , Alzahrani Amer , Abdul Razack Habeeb Ibrahim , Alhamoud Jwael , Alshaya Abdulrahman , Gramish Jawaher , Al Aamer Kholoud , Alsaeedi Alawi S. , Alghamdi Ghassan
Published: June 2023

Doxycycline has revealed potential effects in animal studies to prevent thrombosis and reduce mortality. However, less is known about its antithrombotic role in patients with COVID-19. Our study aimed to evaluate doxycycline's impact on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2021. Patients who received doxycycline in intensive care units (ICUs) were compared to patients who did not (control). The primary outcome was the composite thrombotic events. The secondary outcomes were 30-day and in-hospital mortality, length of stay, ventilator-free days, and complications during ICU stay. Propensity score (PS) matching was used based on the selected criteria. Logistic, negative binomial, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used as appropriate. After PS (1:3) matching, 664 patients (doxycycline n = 166, control n = 498) were included. The number of thromboembolic events was lower in the doxycycline group (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.26-1.08; P = .08); however, it failed to reach to a statistical significance. Moreover, D-dimer levels and 30-day mortality were lower in the doxycycline group (beta coefficient [95% CI]: −0.22 [−0.46, 0.03; P = .08]; HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.52-1.00; P = .05, respectively). In addition, patients who received doxycycline had significantly lower odds of bacterial/fungal pneumonia (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44-0.94; P = .02). The use of doxycycline as adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 might may be a desirable therapeutic option for thrombosis reduction and survival benefits.