bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Study Of Tuna Loin Industry Development In Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Zamdial Zamdial , Hartono Dede , Hartono Dede , Yudesta Tri Anugrah , Yudesta Tri Anugrah
Published: August 2021

Tuna fishery production in Bengkulu Province is mainly produced by fishermen in Kaur Regency. The tuna fishery business in Kaur Regency is still small scale and traditional. The potential of tuna fish resources that quite large in the Kaur Regency waters, which provides a large enough opportunity for the development of tuna fisheries to a larger scale, including the tuna processing industry. The research objective was to analyze the feasibility of developing the tuna loin industry in Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province. The research was conducted in July-August 2018, using a survey method. Data collection was carried out by observation and interview methods. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive method. The feasibility assessment of developing a tuna loin industry using 4 investment criteria, namely B/C Ratio, NPV (Net Present Value), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). The calculation result of the 4 investment criteria for development of tuna loin fishery industry in Pasar Lama Village, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province, namely Net B/C ratio = 1.13, NPV = 594,414,281, IRR = 16.20 and PP = 2.9. Based on the value of 4 investment criteria, with the support of raw material availability and marketing aspects, the development of the tuna loin industry in Pasar Lama Village, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province is feasible to be developed.Keywords: tuna, loin, industry, investment, Kaur, Bengkulu
Sari Beach Ecotourism Development Strategy, Pakis Village, Banyuwangi District, Banyuwangi Regency Kabupaten
Authors: Yuniartik Mega , Dewi Agustina Tri Kusuma , Nugrahani Magdalena Putri
Published: August 2021

Sariah Beach is one of the ecotourism potentials located in the village of Pakis, Banyuwangi with the characteristics of black sand, true mangrove vegetation, and associations, pine trees. This study aims to determine the development of community-based ecotourism and natural resources. The research method uses descriptive quantitative Focus Group Discussion (FGD), to determine IFAS and EFAS. Data analysis using SWOT analysis. The results showed alternative ecotourism development strategies which included increasing knowledge and technology in resource-based communities, improving supporting facilities and infrastructure, managing mangrove-based ecotourism, avifauna diversity, and maintaining turtle conservation. Furthermore, the integration of interests involving stakeholders at Sari beach.Keywords: ecotourism, mangrove, development, Sariah Beach
Are people in Ifugao Philippines Entrepreneurship? Shedding Light on Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Motivations, Challenges, and Intentions among Ifugao
Authors: Malinao Client William
Published: August 2021

Entrepreneurship is a means of beginning your own company. A person's target and option depend on those processes of thought. These cycles of thinking and motives either drive or drag the participant to the creative exercises. To fill the gap in the literature, this research explored the entrepreneurial traits, motives, difficulties, and obstacles faced by Ifugao citizens in the Philippines while doing business. The relationship between the above variables and the entrepreneurial aspirations of Ifugao individuals was also calculated. Data were collected from 263 Ifugao persons, both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the programs of various government agencies in the province using the snowball sampling process, through a research questionnaire and semi-structured interview.  Using means, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the rank order correlation of Spearman, this paper finds that considering the difficulties and obstacles they face, Ifugao individuals retain the character of becoming an entrepreneur. Overall, five traits that are common to respondents have been identified. Ifugao people stay inspired and it motivates them to persevere constantly in carrying out entrepreneurial practices. Finally, the findings of this study indicate that training, seminars, and workshops, the positive perceived image of entrepreneurs, and motives have a major impact on the entrepreneurial purpose of Ifugao people, which is important for entrepreneurial success.
Creating Entrepreneurs through Vocational High School to Reduce Unemployment in Indonesia
Authors: Nazira Citra Marcella , Kartika Lindawati
Published: August 2021

In many nations, including Indonesia, unemployment is one of the key problems. the percentage rate ofunemployment in Indonesia is still relatively high compared to other countries, although it has droppedevery year. Vocational High School (VHS) graduates dominate the largest number of unemployedindividuals in Indonesia. Creative entrepreneurs are one option since they can build their own work. Butthe entrepreneurial interest of VHS students in Indonesia is still low. The objective of this research is todevelop strategies for creating entrepreneurship in conjunction with the skills needed to becomeentrepreneurs. Primary data was gathered with eleven headmasters of VHS in Indonesia through focusgroup discussion (FGD) and secondary data collected from literature research. The data analysis wasprocessed through stakeholder analysis and the house model to create an effective strategy and decision.The study results indicate that synergistic cooperation from a quadruple helix consisting of universities,entrepreneurial societies, government, and industry is required in order to achieve 'one student, onebusiness' mission as the output. Furthermore, organizing talent management to provide the mindset asCEO for vocational students and training school principals is a way out of this issue in order to create linksand match VHS student interests and providing the growth of CEO mindset training for the VHS principals.Therefore, VHS Students can establish their own company and become entrepreneurs according to theirinterests and ambitions, both before and after graduating from VHS.
Influence Service Quality and Tuition Fee on Student Satisfaction During The Handling of Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Murtiningsih Dewi , Wahyudi Widi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to find out service quality and tuition fees on student satisfaction (partially or simultaneously). The type of this research is explanatory research. The population used in research is all 5,594 students of Budi Luhur University. The sampling technique used is proportional sampling. The number of samples used in this research is 110. SPSS is used as an analysis tool. The result of this research shows that service quality influences student satisfaction, tuition fee influences student satisfaction, and service quality and tuition fee simultaneously influence student satisfaction.
Comparison of Hub and Home Mode Learning: An Action Research from Philippines
Authors: Perez Arnel
Published: August 2021

Recent studies underscored the different actions of the Higher Educational Institutions (HEI’s) all over the world in securing the health of the students as well as the academic personnel, and likewise in mitigating the spread of coronavirus or COVID-19. Most of HEI’s closed the schools in March 2020 and shifted their paradigm from face-to-face to distance or remote learning. Mabalacat City College (MCC) as one of the HEI’s in the Philippines resolved this concern through its innovative flexible learning. In the flexible learning of MCC, the students were given options to choose between the Hub mode (modular type) and Home mode (online class). The respondents in this action research were 310 students enrolled in the course “The Life and Works of Rizal”, wherein the 230 (74.19%) of the respondents were from the Home mode of learning and the 80 (25.81%) of the respondents were from the Hub mode of learning. The finding in this study confirmed that the students in the Home mode of learning surpassed the performance of the students who were in Hub mode of learning.
Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Media in Public Relations Practices to Convey Covid-19 Information in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Akasse Cahyadi Saputra , Akbar Muh , Arianto Arianto
Published: August 2021

Public Relations has an important role in educating and providing understanding to the public in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic as it is now. In this case, Public Relations acts as an intermediary between the government and the community by conveying policies related to the government's efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PR strategies in delivering information on COVID-19 using social media, such as: websites, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Then the withdrawal of research informants using purposive sampling technique, informants consist of people who are directly involved with the delivery of information on covid-19 by Public Relations, with qualitative data collection consisting of depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that there are several advantages, namely (1) wide reach and large number of followers, (2) fast information updates, and (3) presenting informative and educative content. The shortcoming in question is that the management of social media is not yet maximal, which is less interactive in responding to public comments through comments on social media. The limitation of this study is that researchers only focus on the PR strategy in delivering information about COVID-19 in Gorontalo Province through social media only and not at the level of other conventional media, namely through websites, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. The value and originality of this research is the delivery of information and efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 which is conveyed through social media PR. The contribution of this research to future PR practices is a deeper implementation of the concept of digital PR, especially during a pandemic like now where everything is done online.
The Study of Customer Satisfaction of Shopee Customers In Malaysia
Authors: Lim Kah Boon , Sook Fern Yeo , A/l Bhajan Singh Hardave Singh Kler
Published: August 2021

The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors affect customer satisfaction level among Shopee customers in Malaysia. A set of self-administered questionnaires has been distributed to 200 targeted Shopee users in three states of Malaysia which are Johor, Melaka and Selangor. The five independent variables, which are price, trust, electronic word of mouth, website quality and security have been tested on their relationship towards the dependent variable, which is consumer satisfaction towards online shopping platform, Shopee in Malaysia. The collected data were keyed into SPSS version 25 and followed by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM 3.2.8) to assess the hypothesis. The result of this research given the feedbacks where trust, electronic word of mouth and website quality have significant effect towards consumers satisfaction on Shopee in Malaysia. However, price and security does not show a significant relationship with Shopee’s consumer satisfaction. In conclusion, this study helps to better understand the consumer satisfaction of Shopee’s online shopping services in Malaysia.
Hubungan antara deepning democracy dan musrembang desa
Authors: rifaldi adnan
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara demokrasi dan musrembang desa, Demokrasi adalah suatu sistem politik dan sosial yang membangun hubungan antara individu masyarakat dan negara dan keikutsertaan mereka secara bebas dalam membuat undang- undang hukum yang mengatur kehidupan umum yang mengacu pada prinsip yang mengatakan bahwa rakyat adalah pemilik kekuasaan dan sumber hukum. partisipasi berarti “peran serta seseorang atau kelompok masyarakat dalam proses pembangunan baik dalam bentuk pernyataan maupun dalam bentuk kegiatan dengan memberi masukan pikiran, tenaga, waktu, keahlian, modal atau materi, serta ikut memanfaatkan dan menikmati hasil-hasil pembangunan”. Dengan maksud dan tujuan yang agar masyarakat dapat menjaga hasil dari pembangunan karena merasa bahwa pembangunan itu juga milik mereka karena telah dilibatkan dalam program tersebut.
Escaping from air pollution: The psychological process of domestic migration intention among urban people
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , Quang-Loc Nguyen , Nguyen Trung Quang , Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: August 2021

Rapid urbanization with poor city planning has resulted in severe air pollution in low- and middle-income countries’ urban areas. Given the adverse impacts of air pollution, many responses have been taken, including migration to another city. The current study explores the psychological process and demographic predictors of migration intention among urban people in Hanoi, Vietnam – one of the most polluted capital cities in the world. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) was used to construct the model and perform Bayesian analysis on a stratified random sampling dataset of 475 urban people. We found that the migration intention was negatively associated with the individual’s satisfaction with air quality. The association was moderated by the perceived availability of a better alternative (or nearby city with better air quality). However, the high migration cost due to geographical distance affected the perceived availability of a better alternative negligible. Moreover, it was also found that male and young people were more likely to migrate, but the brain drain hypothesis was not validated. The results hint that without air pollution mitigation measures, the dislocation of economic forces might occur and hinder sustainable urban development. Therefore, collaborative actions among levels of government, with the semi-conducting principle at heart, are recommended to reduce air pollution.
Microsoft word
Authors: Yuniar Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Microsoft Word atau Microsoft Office Word atau Word adalah perangkat lunak pengolah kata andalan Microsoft. Pertama diterbitkan pada 1983 dengan nama Multi-Tool Word untuk Xenix, versi-versi lain kemudian dikembangkan untuk berbagai sistem operasi, misalnya DOS, Apple Macintosh, SCO UNIX, OS/2, dan Microsoft Windows.
Lilial (butylphényl méthylpropional): Synthèse et Problématique Sanitaire
Authors: Labidi Aymen
Published: August 2021

La parfumerie moderne naît à la fin du 19me siècle. À cette époque, les parfumeurs commencent à incorporer dans leursformules des ingrédients de synthèse, ce qui amplifie la palette du professionnel, lui offrant plus de créativité. Cela permet égalementd’obtenir des formes olfactives plus abstraites. Les chimistes sont aujourd’hui capables d’isoler des composés aromatiques présents dansune matière première naturelle, de les purifier et d’obtenir la structure moléculaire de celle-ci. Une fois cette structure identifiée, lespécialiste pourra, à l’aide de la chimie organique, recomposer les molécules.Grâce à l’innovation et la recherche, le chimiste est désormaiscapable de fabriquer autant de molécules qu’il le souhaite, à volonté. Pourtant, même si ce jeu de construction parait plutôt aisé à vuede nez, il est loin d’être aussi facile de prévoir l’odeur d’une molécule. Cependant, il serait erroné de penser que la chimie n’a que dubon. Aujourd’hui lorsque l’on sait que le synthétique représente, selon diverses sources, entre 50 % et 90 % de la formulation en général,on peut légitimement se poser des questions. Avons-nous trop conquis le continent artificiel. La chimie est là pour soutenir le naturel,acceptons-nous d’altérer notre santé au profit d’une odeur qui pourrait nuire à notre bien-être ?
IDEOLOGI PANCASILA
Authors: Yuniar Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara berarti Pancasila dijadikan pedoman oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam menjalankan kehidupannya. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam kelima asas Pancasila menjadi landasan masyarakat dalam bersosialisasi, kehidupan beragama, hak asasi manusia, dan bekerja sama.
知らない闇と知っている影
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: August 2021

自然、物質、知識、調査についての小論です。
Differential expression of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2, HAVCR2, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. HAVCR2 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. HAVCR2 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of HAVCR2 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. HAVCR2 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Microsoft Excel
Authors: Yuniar Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Microsoft Excel atau Microsoft Office Excel adalah sebuah program aplikasi lembar kerja yang dibuat dan didistribusikan oleh Microsoft Corporation yang dapat dijalankan pada Microsoft Windows dan Mac OS. Aplikasi ini merupakan bagian dari Microsoft Office System.
Dampak Teknologi Bagi Kehidupan
Authors: Yuniar Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Teknologi adalah keseluruhan sarana untuk menyediakan barang-barang yang diperlukan bagi kelangsungan dan kenyamanan hidup manusia. Penggunaan teknologi oleh manusia diawali dengan pengubahan sumber daya alam menjadi alat-alat sederhana
Differential expression of chromosome 15 open reading frame 48 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding chromosome 15 open reading frame 48, C15orf48, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. C15orf48 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. C15orf48 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of C15orf48 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. C15orf48 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern
Authors: Fiolet  , Kherabi Yousra , MacDonald Conor , Ghosn Jade , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan
Published: August 2021

Vaccines are critical cost-effective tools to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the emergence of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the potential herd immunity sought from mass vaccination campaigns.The objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date comparative analysis of the characteristics, adverse events, efficacy, effectiveness and impact of the variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) for fourteen currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines (BNT16b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, Sputnik V, NVX-CoV2373, Ad5-nCoV, CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, COVAXIN, Wuhan Sinopharm vaccine, QazCovid-In, Abdala and ZF200) and two vaccines (CVnCoV and NVX-CoV2373) currently in rolling review in several national drug agencies.Overall, all COVID-19 vaccines had a high efficacy against the traditional strain and the variants of SARS-CoV-2, and were well tolerated. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and Sputnik V had the highest efficacy (>90%) after two doses at preventing symptomatic cases in phase III trials. Efficacy was ranging from 10.4% for AZD1222 in South Africa to 50% for NVX-CoV2373 in South Africa and 50 % for CoronaVac in Brazil, where the 501YV.2 and P1 variants were dominant. Seroneutralization studies showed a negligible reduction in neutralization activity against Alpha for most of vaccines, whereas the impact was modest for Delta. Beta and Gamma exhibited a greater reduction in neutralizing activity for mRNA vaccines, Sputnik V and CoronaVac. Regarding observational real-life data, most studies concerned the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Full immunization with mRNA vaccines effectively prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection against Alpha and Beta. All vaccines appeared to be safe and effective tools to prevent symptomatic and severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death against all variants of concern, but the quality of evidence greatly varied depending on the vaccines considered. There are remaining questions regarding specific populations excluded from trials, the duration of immunity and heterologous vaccination. Serious adverse event and particularly anaphylaxis (2.5-4.7 cases per million doses among adults) and myocarditis (3.5 cases per million) for mRNA vaccines ; thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome for Janssen vaccine (3 cases per million) and AstraZeneca vaccine (2 cases per million) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (7.8 cases per million) for Janssen vaccine are very rare. COVID-19 vaccine benefits outweigh risks, despite rare serious adverse effect.
A Peridynamic Model for Crevice Corrosion Damage
Authors: Jafarzadeh Siavash , Zhao Jiangming , Shakouri Mahmoud , Bobaru Florin
Published: August 2021

A new peridynamic (PD) model for crevice corrosion damage is introduced and cross-validated with experimental results reported in the literature. The model defines a simple metal ion concentration-dependent corrosion rate along the metal-electrolyte interface. Crevice problems have ratios of gap-to-length of 1/100 or lower. To increase the computational efficiency when having a domain with an extreme aspect ratio, the PD formulation with spherical horizons is modified to accommodate arbitrary-shape horizons. The model is validated against experimental results on immersed bolted washers. The PD simulations predict the observed corrosion kinetics, and the deepest corrosion trenches form at a critical distance from the mouth of the crevice. The location of the most severe corrosion attack does not have to be specified as an input. Instead, it results directly from solving the problem with PD. The evolution of crevice corrosion damage is autonomous in PD, and only the geometry, initial, and boundary conditions control the evolution of the corrosion process.
Accurate estimation of temperatures in a cryogenic space cooled by a Stirling cryocooler
Authors: Smirnov Dmitry , Ouerdane Henni
Published: August 2021

The experimental analysis of cryogenic chambers coupled with Stirling cryocoolers has received scant attention in the research literature. This work provides a novel contribution by developing and experimentally validating an analytical model of the coupling to predict temperatures in the system. The paper unifies the Stirling cryocooler equation previously derived by Otaka et al. and the thermal-electrical analogy for the chamber. The analytical formula predicts steady-state temperatures in the chamber as a function of the system's controllable design and operational parameters. The model was validated with experimental data from 15 tests of an alpha-type Stirling cryocooler coupled with a thermal chamber. The resulting model showed an accurate prediction of temperatures with an average coefficient of variance of 5%, mean biased error of 2%, and R² value of 0.95. The findings are relevant because of the urgent need to learn how to control cryogenic spaces using electricity-based systems. Such spaces will be of high significance in the future because advanced solutions and products in biomedicine, electronics, computing and other fields use cryogenic spaces.
Percent framing attenuates the magnitude effect in a preference-matching task of intertemporal choice
Authors: Anvari Farid , Marchiori Davide
Published: August 2021

A robust phenomenon in intertemporal decisions—the magnitude effect—shows that people value future gains less than equivalent but immediate gains by a factor known as the discount rate (i.e., people want a premium for waiting to receive a reward). However, the psychological underpinnings of this effect are not yet fully understood. One explanation proposes that intertemporal choices are driven by comparisons of features of the present and future choice options (e.g., information on rewards). According to this explanation, the hypothesis is that the magnitude effect is stronger when the absolute difference between present and future rewards is emphasized, compared to when their relative difference is emphasized. However, this hypothesis has only been tested using one task (the two-choice paradigm) and only for gains (i.e., not losses). It’s therefore unclear whether the findings that support the hypothesis can be generalized to different methodological paradigms (e.g., preference matching) and to the domain of losses. To address this question, we conducted experiments using the preference-matching method whereby the premium amounts that people could ask for were framed in terms of either currencies (emphasizing absolute differences) or percentages (emphasizing relative differences). We thus tested the robustness of the evidence in support of the hypothesis that percent framing, relative to currency framing, attenuates the magnitude effect in the domain of gains (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and in the domain of losses (Study 1, 3, and 4). Study 5 ruled out floor effects as an alternative explanation for the results in the losses domain. Overall, the results support the hypothesis.
Characterizing supervision-as-usual: Findings from two provider surveys
Authors: Tugendrajch Siena Keller , Cho Evelyn , Andrews Jack , Hawley Kristin
Published: August 2021

Although clinical supervision is widely seen as critical for professional training and for safeguarding and promoting client wellbeing in mental healthcare, it is understudied, particularly in publicly-funded services. In surveys of two large samples of youth mental health service providers (a state sample of providers billing Medicaid [N = 1057] and a national sample of professional guild members [N = 1720]), we examined the amount of time providers reported spending in clinical supervision and consultation in a typical work week, and its covariation with characteristics of providers’ caseloads and work settings. Across both samples, providers reported spending an average of 2-3 hours per week in supervision. Serving higher percentages of low-income clients and working in settings that typically receive public funds were all associated with more supervision time. The national survey also measured providers’ perceptions of their current supervision. On average, providers denied feeling as if they have little opportunity for supervision and endorsed feeling comfortable with the amount of supervision received and supported by their supervisors in providing quality care. However, working with more low-income clients was positively associated with unmet supervision needs and negatively associated with comfort in the amount of supervision received. Those working with more low-income clientele may benefit from additional time in supervision or more focused supervision coverage of the specific needs of low-income clientele. More in-depth research on critical processes and content in supervision is a much-needed future direction for supervision research.
Evidence That Event Boundaries Are Access Points for Memory Retrieval
Authors: Michelmann Sebastian , Hasson Uri , Norman Kenneth A
Published: August 2021

When recalling memories, we often scan information-rich continuous episodes, e.g., to find our keys. How does our brain access and search through naturalistic memories? We suggest that high-level structure, marked by event boundaries, guides us through this process. We present a computational model where memory-scanning is sped up by ``skipping ahead’’ to the next event boundary upon reaching a decision-threshold. Using a movie (normed for event boundaries; study 1), we then prompt participants to perform memory-scanning of movie-segments for target answers (study 2) and mental simulation (study 3) of these segments (total N=601 adults across studies). Confirming model predictions, memory-scanning times were a function of the number of event boundaries within a segment and the distance of the search-target to the previous boundary. Mental simulation times were also described by a skipping-process, but with a higher skipping-threshold than memory-scanning. These findings identify event boundaries as access points to naturalistic memory.
Modulation of Trust in Borderline Personality Disorder by Script-Based Imaginal Exposure to Betrayal
Authors: Shapiro-Thompson Rosa , Shah Tanya , Yi Caroline , Jackson Nasir , Diaz Daniel Trujillo , Fineberg Sarah Kathryn
Published: August 2021

Interpersonal and trust-related difficulties are central features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In this study, we applied script-driven betrayal imagery to evoke mistrustful behavior in a social reinforcement learning task. We compared this approach to the standard confederate paradigm in twenty-one BPD and twenty healthy control (HC) participants. The script-driven imagery evoked transient negative affect and decreased trusting behavior in both groups. Across conditions, we also replicated previously reported between-group differences in affect and task behavior, results that support the validity of script-driven imagery as an alternative social task stimulus. This approach is appealing for eliminating deception, scaling easily, and evoking disorder-specific states of social difficulty.
E-learning readiness and perceived stress among the university students of Bangladesh during COVID-19: a countrywide cross-sectional study
Authors: Kabir Humayun , Kamrul Hasan Md. , Mitra Dipak Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled all educational institutions from the conventional campus-based education system to e-learning worldwide. However, adapting to this new platform, e-learning readiness may cause perceived stress among students. This study aimed to examine the association between e-learning readiness and perceived e-learning stress and the relationship between sociodemographic and e-learning related factors. Results: A cross-sectional study was employed, where 1145 e-learning enrolled university students were surveyed. The result indicated that nearly 91% of students reported moderate (76.07%) to the higher level (14.85%) of perceived e-learning stress, whereas more than half of them (58.17%) were at the sub-optimum level of readiness. Furthermore, it was found that students with the sub-optimum level of readiness compared to optimum had a significantly higher chance of reporting a moderate and high level of perceived e-learning stress. Besides, parents’ highest education, residence, students’ preference in (e-learning or learning format), and having any eye problems were associated with perceived e-learning stress. Conclusions: A sudden introduction of e-learning during the COVID-19 catastrophe has brought about challenges, including the students' readiness, that might exacerbate the perceived stress level in different ways. This study reported that most of the students were at sub-optimal levels of readiness and suffered from moderate to high levels of perceived e-learning stress. The findings should integrate into the education monitoring system to enhance students' coping strategies, incite readiness, straighten and nourish existing policies.
Test Position Effects on Hit and False Alarm Rates in Recognition Memory for Paintings and Words
Authors: Fallow Kaitlyn Marie , Lindsay D. Stephen
Published: August 2021

When old/new recognition memory is tested with equal numbers of studied and non-studied items and no rewards or instructions that favour one response over the other, there is no obvious reason for response bias. In line with this, Canadian undergraduates have shown, on average, a neutral response bias when we tested them on recognition of common English words. By contrast, most subjects we have tested on recognition of richly detailed images have shown a conservative bias: they more often erred by missing a studied image than by judging a non-studied image as studied. Here, in an effort to better understand these materials-based bias effects (MBBEs), we examined changes in hit and false alarm (FA) rates (and in sensitivity and bias) from the first to fourth quartile of a recognition memory test in eight experiments in which undergraduates studied words and/or images of paintings. Response bias for images tended to increase across quartiles, whereas bias for words showed no consistent pattern across quartiles. This pattern could be described as an increase in the MBBE over the course of the test, but the underlying patterns for hits and FAs are not easily reconciled with this interpretation. Hit rates decreased over the course of the test for both materials types, with that decline tending to be steeper for images than words. For words, FA rates tended to increase across quartiles, whereas for paintings FA rates did not increase across quartiles. We discuss implications of these findings for theoretical accounts of the MBBE.
Octonauts - National Identity and Attribution Theory
Authors: Barraclough-Brady Alex
Published: August 2021

Children develop a sense of their own national identities, and knowledge of and attitudes towards other nations, around five to seven years old. Though multiple psychological studies explore the role of media in children learning about national identities, little work exists considering how national identities are used to explain fictional character behaviours from a psychological perspective, or the role of attribution theory in helping us understand behavioural explanations for children. To address this, content and discourse analyses, and an adapted version of Kelley’s covariation model of attribution theory, were applied to the children’s television series Octonauts to determine how behaviours were explained to children and how these explanations related to character national identities. Finings show that most behaviours were explained through internal attributions, with some national identities assigned to explain character behaviours and relationships, whilst also propagating negative representations of nations. Findings also discuss missed opportunities to enhance the geographic knowledge of children, and how behavioural change efforts relate to the moral development of children within a national identity context.
Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges
Authors: Slaba Oksana , Padalko Yaroslava , Vasylenko Olena , Parfenova Larysa
Published: August 2021

A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.
Strategies of Teaching Writing at Saudi Tertiary-Level Institutions: Reality and Expectations
Authors: Alkodimi Khaled Abkar , Al-Ahdal Arif Ahmed Mohammed Hassan
Published: August 2021

Teaching writing in English is a particularly daunting task for EFL teachers. Much of it concerns teaching accuracy in text production, development and thought expression which is usually not the teachers’ stated aim. Thus, teachers’ perceptions to the teaching of writing and the actual classroom practices need examination, which is the aim of this study, a prerequisite to recommending pedagogical changes to bridge the gap that exists between educational aims and outcomes so far as the teaching of writing to EFL learners in Saudi tertiary level educational institutions is concerned. The study applies a quantitative approach via a survey conducted with one hundred EFL teachers at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMBSIU, henceforth), Qassim University and King Khaled University, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that inadequate English resources and inefficient teaching methods are, in general, the main causes of poor writing skills. Further, the teachers perceive limited lexis, irregular sentences, and orthographical differences with the mother tongue as impediments in the learners’ ability to write well in English. The study concludes with some pertinent recommendations to remedy the situation.
The Principles of Economy in Word-Formation in Functional Styles of English
Authors: Zhurkenovich Saurbayev Rishat , Kozhamuratkyzy Zhetpisbay Aliya , Khatipovna Demessinova Galina , Tasbulatovna Kulbayeva Baglan , Aisovich Vafeev Ravil
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to studying the principles of the language economy of modern English word-forming. The most productive ways of word-formation are highlighted, illustrating the tendency of the language to compress nominative units. In the system of English word-formation, the most effective ways to save speech are affixal word formation, word composition, and conversion. Due to the considerable potential of these methods of word formation, the vocabulary of the English language has such qualities as the richness of vocabulary, functionality, and economy. The main aim of the study is to consider the principles of word-formation in the modern English language through word-forming models represented by the concepts of length and depth of the generating word. The authors of the article explore the mechanism of the principle of the economy through the consideration of the ideas of “mental energy”, “word-forming energy”, and “pronouncing energy”. There are issues that attempt to answer; how does the principle of economy work in the English language – its word formation? What are the significant models of word formation in modern English? The findings indicate that there are active processes in the word-formation of the English language, which can cause the formation of new words without changing the length and depth of the generating term expanding the possibilities of word composition and conversion.
Pragma-linguistic and Socio-pragmatic Transfer among Iraqi Female EFL Learners in Refusing Marriage Proposals
Authors: Qassim Tabarek Ali , Abbas Nawal Fadhil , Ahmed Fatima Falih , Hameed Sura
Published: August 2021

In the framework of this study, the phenomenon of transfer is probed pragma-linguistically and socio-linguistically concerning marriage situations among Iraqi EFL learners. The study also strives to look at the refusal strategies most commonly employed by Iraqi female English as a foreign Language (EFL) learners compared to their counterparts, American native speakers of English. The study involved 70 female participants who answered a Discourse Completion Task (DCT), which contained ten marriage proposals to be refused. Each situation entailed refusal of a person from a higher, an equal, and lower status. The researchers adapted Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss Weltz’s (1990) taxonomy of refusal for analyzing the data comprehensively. The study’s findings indicated that Iraqi female EFL learners followed similar patterns of refusing marriage situations to American speakers. The most prevalent strategies used by the two groups were “reasons/ excuses and explanations,” followed by “statements of regrets,” and then “non-performative statements” with slight variation in frequency. However, the Iraqi learners’ native language and culture affected how they formulated their refusal; hence they manifested pragma-linguistic and socio-pragmatic transfer in particular areas. The areas of pragma-linguistic transfer included the literal translation of words, expressions, and structures into their refusal in English. As for the socio-pragmatic areas, the transfer occurred in certain Arabic culture features like elaboration, exaggeration, repetition, endearing terms, and many others in expressing the target language, English.
Impact of agriculture finance in modern technologies adoption for enhanced productivity and rural household economic wellbeing in Ghana: A case study of rice farmers in Shai-Osudoku District.
Authors: Teye Evans Sackey , Quarshie Philip Tetteh
Published: August 2021

Rural and agricultural finance innovations have significant potential to improve the livelihoods and food security of the poor. Although microfinance has been widely studied, an extensive knowledge gap still exists on the nuts and bolts of expanding access to rural and agricultural finance. This study uses focus group discussion, key informant interview, and quantitative household survey to explore how smallholders access credits and loans influence adoption of modern production technologies and what are perceived limitations to access these financial instruments in the Shia-Osuduku District in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The specific objectives of the study are; (1) to assess the challenges rice farmers face in accessing finance, (2) to determine if access to finance impacts the adoption of modern rice production technologies and (3) to determine whether loan investments in improved technologies increase productivity and income levels of farmers. The study noted that issues of mistrust for smallholder farmers by financial institutions act as barriers to facilitating their access to loans and credits. Banks and financial institutions relay their mistrust through actions such as requesting outrageous collateral, guarantors, a high sum of savings capital, and a high interest rate for agriculture loans, delays, and bureaucratic processes in accessing loans. The study suggested that enabling policy environment and frameworks with a supportive rural infrastructure such as warehouse receipt systems can significantly increase farmers' access to credit instruments for investment in modern technologies to increase agricultural productivity, which is essential to address food insecurities and rural poverty issues in Ghana.
Teaching Short Stories through the Use of the Reader-Response Theory: Second-Year Students at Dr. Moulay Tahar University-Saida
Authors: BOUBEKEUR Sihem
Published: August 2021

The Reader-Response Theory considers the learner as an active participant in extracting meaning from a literary work depending on his/her prior experience. Teaching literature critically allows the reader to create a sense, and compare the previous experience with the written text. Second-year students cannot decode and scrutinize a short academic text, which unveiled that they are unaware of the different types of readings. The research question arises in this vein is: To what extent does the Reader-Response Theory contribute to the development of the EFL students’ skills? The piece of work aims at introducing and applying the Reader-Response Theory to teaching short stories to second-year university students. The current study was conducted on students taught by the teacher-researcher at Dr. Moulay Tahar University-Saida, Algeria. A questionnaire, observation, and the analysis of students’ written assignments employed in the present work for the overarching aim of gathering data in a timely period. Yet, the results revealed that after implementing this approach, EFL students become aware of how to undertake an academic written piece. It also reinforces their thinking skills, and boosts their creativity.
Impoliteness and Threat Responses in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL Context
Authors: Ali Shurooq A.
Published: August 2021

This study shows impoliteness as a form of face-threatening that can be intentionally caused by verbal threats in a particular setting. It investigates: what strategies and mitigators do Iraqi-Kurdish English as a foreign language (EFL) learners use in situations of threat responses? The present investigation paper aims to examine impoliteness strategies and mitigators by these learners when they respond to threatening situations in their context. Thus, it fills a gap in pragmatics literature by investigating the reactions to threats in an Iraqi-Kurdish EFL context. To this end, 50 participants have participated in this study. An open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) is used to elicit responses from the participants. Besides, a focus group interview is conducted to support the data analysis. The data are coded based on Limberg’s (2009) model of impoliteness and threat responses to figure out the strategies used by the learners. Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper’s (1989) taxonomy of mitigators is adapted to analyze the mitigators. Overall, the findings reveal that the preferred responses surpass those which indicate dispreference by the learners. They tend to use face-saving acts when they comply with the threatener’s demand and opt for face-threatening acts when they reject that demand indirectly. Moreover, these learners use mitigators to attenuate the illocutionary force of their responses. Finally, this study provides some recommendations and pedagogical implications.