bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Mapping of Scientific Literature on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Global Immigrants (1963–2022)
Authors: Tang Lingjie , Zhang Chang’an
Published: May 2024

This study extensively investigates 4,557 articles pertaining to immigrants’ cross-cultural adaptation (ICCA) published between 1963 and 2022 in Web of Science (WoS)-core collection database by presenting a state-of-the-art bibliometric analysis and visualizing knowledge maps with a set of analytical tools including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix. The collected sample covers 9,791 authors, 1,473 sources, 81 countries and regions, and 2,682 institutions. The major aim of the study is to explore the research status and progress on a global scale in terms of different parameters in a quantitative and visual manner and discern the overall development in research hotspots. The research findings reveal that publications on ICCA have registered marked increases over time and that the degree of research varies remarkably in countries/territories, authors, institutions, and sources. A host of scholars are predominantly focused on “acculturation,”“integration,” and “attitude” in addition to “immigrant” themselves, whereas some started to take up research on emerging topics like “social network,”“national identity,”“Syrian refugee,”“resilience,”“social integration,”“work,” and “employment.” Future research directions on ICCA research have been justified accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first review of its kind in the field and offers multiple influential research avenues, which may provide unique and essential perspectives and ideas for scholars to carry out relevant research down the road. It is hoped that this study is expected to stir up more research interest in ICCA research.
Research on the Impact of the Public Safety Emergencies on Women Riders’ Preference of Shanghai Real-Time Crowdsourcing Logistics Platform
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Dan , Liu Shengren
Published: May 2024

This study explores the impact of public safety emergencies on the preferences of women riders within Shanghai’s real-time crowdsourcing logistics platform. It employs quantitative research methods, utilizing LDA topic modeling and ERNIE categorization model for data analysis. The research identifies six key topics influencing riders’ preferences: Tip Order Information, Sharing and Volunteering, Epidemic Delivery Rules, Quality of Work and Life, Epidemic Control Measures, and Liability Exemption and Reward. The study reveals a cognitive bias among riders towards positive utilities, indicating a generally optimistic emotional state which influences their utility preferences. The findings suggest that the riders prioritize social interests and responsibilities during the pandemic, demonstrating adaptability to new work environments and appreciation for supportive measures by platforms. The study provides insights into the nuances of women riders’ preferences, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies by platforms and authorities to enhance job satisfaction and address challenges faced by women riders.
Exploring the Inner Circle Attitudes of Endangered Languages: A Case Study of the Faifi Language
Authors: Mobarak Alhazmi Laila
Published: May 2024

This study is the first to explore language attitudes of the endangered Faifi language in SA. Understanding these attitudes is crucial for future language revitalization efforts. Employing a conceptual framework from LA research, data were collected via an online Arabic questionnaire with a sample of 258 participants. This paper aims to explore the indigenous people’s language attitudes, frequency of language use, and the influence of social backgrounds. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and multiple regression. Three key findings emerged: Firstly, a two-dimensional model encompassing status and dynamism dimensions was identified, offering new insights into LAs. Notably, the trait “educated” was associated with dynamism rather than the typical association with the status dimension, which can be attributed to educational factors related to the Faifi language’s lack of formal instruction in schools. Secondly, the reported use of the Faifi language by its speakers indicated a positive trend. Lastly, age was found to be the only significant sociodemographic variable, with older participants exhibiting more positive attitudes compared to younger participants. In summary, this research contributes fresh perspectives on the dimensions of language attitudes, particularly by highlighting the deviation of the trait “educated” from its customary position within the status dimension. Additionally, the study emphasizes the salience of age as a factor. The paper recommends macro and micro language policies; macro language policy should consider integrating the language into the educational system, while micro language policy should originate from the indigenous community itself, initiating initiatives to further support language use among young speakers.
Young People’s Perspectives on Safety and Safety Promotion in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Issahaku Paul Alhassan , Adam Anda
Published: May 2024

Safety is an essential public good, more so in urban locales, and it has become imperative to understand safety in the city from the perspectives of diverse city dwellers. This paper explores young people’s perspectives on safety and its promotion in the city, using a group of young people in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). The study answers the question, what are young people’s perspectives on safety and safety promotion in the city? A conceptual framework on safety promotion and discourse analysis methodology informed the design and conduct of the study. Following purposive sampling, 23 young people aged 15 to 24 years participated in face-to-face interviews and data were analyzed deductively and inductively to identify themes. Three themes emerged which constitute participants’ safety discourse as follows: 1. Safety as essential for health and wellness—portraying safety as mental, physical, and social health; 2. Safety as threatened by behavioral and environmental factors; and 3. Safety promotion as personal and public responsibility—where individuals must act responsibly and leaders must invest in public safety measures. Consistent with the character of discourse, participants constructed safety as fundamental to human health, frowned upon behaviors and practices that threaten safety, and allocated responsibility for safety promotion. Male and female participants alike shared the view that safety is essential for health and wellbeing, and that promoting safety should be the collective responsibility of individuals and public leaders. On threats to safety, although female and male voices were represented, male participants were predominant in identifying factors related to traffic violations, criminal activity, and other forms of public nuisance. Findings of this study have implications for the empirical literature and for practice. The findings indicate that young people have a nuanced understanding of safety and are able to provide relevant suggestions on how to promote safety in the city. Their safety discourse identifies important threats to safety which, if addressed, will promote individual and collective feelings of safety. Consistent with what is known of discourses, the safety discourse aims to sanitize the community environment, to monitor and discipline individual behavior, and to shape institutional policies and practices.
Metacognitive Writing Strategy Instruction in the EFL Context: Focus on Writing Performance and Motivation
Authors: Han Lijuan
Published: May 2024

In this study, an explanatory sequential design was utilized to examine the impact of strategy-based instruction (SBI) on the writing performance and motivation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in a writing course. A total of 50 Chinese EFL students were selected from two intact classes and were randomly assigned to either the control group ( n = 24) or the experimental group ( n = 26). The experimental group received a sixteen-week metacognition training program integrated into the writing course, while the control group was provided with conventional writing instruction. Data collection was performed through timed writing tasks, a second language writing motivation scale, and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in both writing performance and motivation, in comparison to the control group. This study provides empirical evidence for the benefits of SBI in promoting students’ writing competency and motivation. The findings have important implications for researchers and educators in the field of EFL writing instruction.
Legal Systems, Property Rights, and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Salifu Mubarik , Peprah James Atta , Cantah William Godfred
Published: May 2024

The study aims to determine the effect of legal systems and property rights enforcement on developing financial markets, institutions, and overall financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data for this study were extracted from the Financial Development Index of the World Bank Global financial database, the Economic Freedom database of the Fraiser Institute, and the World Bank Development Indicators database covering 41 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2020. The models were estimated using the System GMM and the SURE model as robustness checks to address cross-equation correlations and linkages between financial markets and institutions. Results showed that legal systems and property rights enforcement have an effect on the growth of financial markets, institutions, and overall financial development, regardless of the measure of financial development used. Moreover, trade and GDP positively affect financial development and financial markets, while stringent regulatory trade barriers have a negative effect. The need for governments to prioritize strengthening legal systems and ensuring the enforcement of property rights protection to create a predictable and stable environment for businesses and investors is key. Reducing trade barriers and eliminating restrictions that may discourage foreign investment to increase trade volumes and capital inflows into SSA is also important.

JEL Classification: F36; G20; G1, G10; K40; P26
Impact of Michigan Leadership Behaviors on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Vietnamese Primary Schools: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Justice and Person-Organization Fit
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Tran Quan
Published: May 2024

The influence of Michigan leadership behaviors in organizational variables has been conducted in the Western context. However, limited studies have been conducted in the Vietnam context, particularly in the primary school sector. This study aims to examine the impact of Michigan leadership behaviors on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in Vietnamese primary schools. In addition, this research aims to challenge the mediating role of organizational justice (OJ) and person–organization fit (POF) in the relationship between Michigan leadership behaviors and OCBs. A total of 282 responses were collected from various primary schools in Vietnam. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to answer the research question. Findings partially supported our hypotheses as two Michigan leadership dimensions significantly influence OCBs, and OJ mediates the relationship between relationship-oriented leadership behavior (ROL) and OCBs. This study opens the main gaps in the current leadership studies, including the influence of Michigan leadership behaviors on OCB, its role in promoting OJ, and the underlying mechanism through which Michigan leadership behaviors contribute to OCB with the mediation of OJ.
Underrepresented Applicants Post-USMLE Pass/Fail: A National Survey of Competitive Residency Directors
Authors: Kindler Rebecca , Kahn Julia , Uddin Anaz , Petersen Kristina H
Published: May 2024

Objective

To report the selection criteria important to residency program directors (PDs) and whether they believe pass/fail scoring will impact underrepresented in medicine (URM), International Medical Graduate (IMG), or osteopathic (DO) residency applicants after the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) changed Step 1 score reporting to pass/fail in January 2022.

Methods

A Qualtrics survey was sent between August 2022 and January 2023 to 1141 US PDs from specialties with traditionally low residency selection rates: dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, interventional radiology, diagnostic radiology, radiation oncology, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, and urology. Contact information was obtained from AMA, FRIEDA, or program websites.

Results

We received 433 responses (38%). When asked to anticipate the difficulty student groups will face matching into their specialty, PDs reported: for URM, 24.0% increased, 46.0% unchanged, and 30.0% decreased; for DO, 49.19% increased, 44.58% unchanged, and 6.23% decreased and for IMG, 56.35% increased, 39.72% unchanged, and 3.93% decreased. When asked to rank the most important selection factors, the top two responses were Step 2 CK score and away rotation participation at their site.

Conclusion

PDs overwhelmingly believed residency selection difficulty would either increase or remain unchanged for DO (93.77%) and IMG (96.07%). In contrast, 76.0% reported difficulty for URM students would either decrease or remain unchanged. PDs ranked Step 2 CK score and away rotation participation as the most important selection factors. Despite PDs’ belief that the Step 1 pass/fail scoring system may mitigate one barrier for URM students, emphasis on Step 2 CK and away rotations place additional barriers.
From city center to suburbs: Developing a timeline-based TOD assessment model to explore the dynamic changes in station areas of Tokyo metropolitan area
Authors: Yang Weiyao , Yan Wanglin , Chen Lihua , Li Haopeng
Published: May 2024

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is regarded as a planning concept for urban sustainable development that has been increasingly embraced worldwide in recent years. However, scholars rarely assess the sustainability of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) station areas over a period of time. This study, building upon the existing TOD assessment model based on node-place-ecology, introduces the concepts of “low-carbon cities” and a “timeline-based.” Focuses on whether the three dimensions of TOD station areas—node, place, and carbon—are dynamically balanced over time towards sustainable development. More specifically, this study starting from a micro-level perspective, takes the 70 stations on the Odakyu line as a clue, a railway that spans Tokyo and Kanagawa, aiming to develop a quantitative assessment model for sustainable TOD based on node-place-carbon, and to summarize the spatial dynamic changes of the 70 station areas in the Tokyo metropolitan area from 2011 to 2019 through the principles of sustainable development line (SDL) and K-means cluster analysis. The results indicate that after 8 years, the overall development of the station areas is moving towards sustainability, but there are still some station areas that deviate to some extent. And also, we observed that the trend of monopolization in the central station areas of the Tokyo metropolitan area is continuously strengthening. We believe that the sustainable assessment model developed in this study can provide constructive reference for the planning and design of cities, especially metropolitan areas, around the world.
Book review: Ali Anwar, Sampoorna Dalit Andolan: Pasmanda Tasavvur
Authors: Pathak Keyoor , Sathish C. , Darlianmawii Deborah
Published: May 2024

Ali Anwar, Sampoorna Dalit Andolan: Pasmanda Tasavvur. Rajkamal Publication, 2023, 207 p., ₹199.
Displacement after Open vs Saw-Based Minimally Invasive Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Salameh Motasem , Halayqeh Sereen , Levine Arielle Richey , Abousayed Mostafa M. , Hsu Raymond , Blankenhorn Brad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is routinely used in hindfoot valgus realignment. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) calcaneal osteotomies have been reported to be as safe and effective compared to open techniques. The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the amount of medial tuberosity displacement obtained with fine-cut saw-based MIS vs open MDCO techniques.

Methods:

Eight matched cadaveric specimens had one side randomly assigned to either open or MIS MDCO. The contralateral limb was then assigned to the alternative osteotomy. The amount of medial displacement provided by the osteotomy was measured manually using a flexible metric ruler and radiographically on standardized axial calcaneal radiographs.

Results:

Manual measurements showed that a mean displacement of the MIS osteotomy was 7.9 mm compared with 8.7 mm for the open technique ( P = .36). Radiograph measurement showed a mean displacement of the MIS osteotomy was 7.1 mm compared with 7.4 mm for the open technique ( P = .83). No significant difference was found on manual and radiographic measurement of medial displacement between MIS and open MDCO.

Conclusion:

In a cadaveric model, we found similar magnitude of calcaneal tuberosity displacement using fine-cut saw-based MIS and open techniques for medial displacement calcaneal osteotomies.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, cadaveric study.
Auditing the Representation of Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: Achilles Repair
Authors: Braman Michael , Root Cooper , Harmon Ian , Long Rachel , Vopat Lisa , Vopat Bryan , Herda Ashley
Published: May 2024

Background:

Establishing evidence-based recommendations specific to female athletes has been overlooked in sports medicine. Achilles tendon rupture is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, occurring in 15 to 55 per 100 000 people annually. Differences in injury rates could be due to hormonal effects, as estrogen receptors have been identified in tendons along with decreased tendon strain based on oral contraceptive use. The primary purpose of this study was to audit the representation of female athletes in the literature regarding Achilles repair.

Methods:

An electronic search was performed using PubMed to identify articles related to Achilles repair using the protocol by Smith et al. Studies were assessed by population, size, athletic caliber, study impact, research theme, and menstrual status.

Results:

Female representation across all studies was 1783 of 10 673 subjects (16.7%). Composition of included studies was predominantly mixed-sex cohorts with 131 of 169 (77.5%) included studies. Within mixed-sex cohort studies, the total representation of female athletes was 1654 of 8792 participants (18.9%). Thirty-two studies were male only, constituting 1540 participants, whereas 3 studies were female only composed of 86 athletes. Importantly, the disparity between male and female representation worsened as the athletic caliber of the study population increased, with 5.0% female representation in studies with professional athletes. No study collected data related to menstrual status and its potential relationship to Achilles rupture or postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion:

Mixed-sex cohort studies underrepresented female athletes, and male-only cohort studies were more common than female-only studies. These findings indicate a need for increased representation of female athletes as well as acknowledgment of menstrual status in research related to Achilles repair. Future studies should focus on representation of female athletes and data collection related to sex-specific hormones, hormonal contraceptive use, and menstrual status to improve treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures for female athletes.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Creating Dynamic Community Resource Maps for Transition Planning
Authors: Welsh-Young Nancy , Merry Krystle E. , Kucharczyk Suzanne
Published: May 2024

Community resource mapping (CRM) is a process for identifying community resources vital to the successful post-secondary transition to adulthood for youth with extensive support needs (ESN). By adopting the four-step process delineated in the National Center on Secondary Education and Transition’s Essential Tool: Community Resource Mapping, we present an adaptable digital CRM process that aligns with transition services as an outcome-based process. This is shown through enhancing internal and external collaboration efforts with various agencies, school staff, and families in identifying community resources in a streamlined and accessible process for youth with ESN.
Randomized study of induction with bendamustine-rituximab ± bortezomib and maintenance with rituximab ± lenalidomide for MCL
Authors: Smith Mitchell R. , Jegede Opeyemi A. , Martin Peter , Till Brian G. , Parekh Samir S. , Yang David T. , Hsi Eric D. , Witzig Thomas , Dave Sandeep , Scott David , Hanson Curtis , Kostakoglu Shields Lale , Abdel-Samad Nizar , Casulo Carla , Bartlett Nancy L. , Caimi Paolo F. , Al Baghdadi Tareq , Blum Kristie A. , Romer Mark D. , Inwards David J. , Lerner Rachel E. , Wagner Lynne I. , Little Richard F. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Leonard John P. , Kahl Brad S.
Published: May 2024

Although initial therapy of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is not standardized, bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) is commonly used in older patients. Rituximab (R) maintenance after induction is often used. Thus, the open-label, randomized phase 2 ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group E1411 trial was designed to test 2 questions: (1) does addition of bortezomib to BR induction (BVR) and/or (2) addition of lenalidomide to rituximab (LR) maintenance improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with treatment-naïve MCL? From 2012 to 2016, 373 previously untreated patients, 87% aged ≥60 years, were enrolled in this trial. At a median follow-up of 7.5 years, there is no difference in the median PFS of BR compared with BVR (5.5 vs 6.4 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.16). There were no unexpected additional toxicities with BVR treatment compared with BR, with no impact on total dose/duration of treatment received. Independent of the induction treatment, addition of lenalidomide did not significantly improve PFS, with median PFS in R vs LR (5.9 vs 7.2 years; HR, 0.84; 90% CI, 0.62-1.15). Most patients completed the planned 24 cycles of LR at the scheduled dose. In summary, adding bortezomib to BR induction does not prolong PFS in treatment-naïve MCL, and LR maintenance was not associated with longer PFS compared with R alone after BR. Nonetheless, the >5-year median PFS outcomes in this prospective cooperative group trial indicate the efficacy of BR followed by R maintenance as highly effective initial therapy for older patients with MCL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01415752.
FK228 suppress the growth of human malignant pleural mesothelioma tumor independent to epithelioid or non-epithelioid histology
Authors: Chan James Mei-Lin , Chang Yuan-Ching , Chan Hua-Chen , Chan Hsiu-Chuan , Chang Wei-Chin , Wang Liu-Fang , Tsai Tung-Hu , Chen Yu-Jen , Huang Wen-Chien
Published: May 2024

Human malignant pleural mesothelioma (hMPM) is an aggressive, rare disease with a poor prognosis. Histologically, MPM is categorized into epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid subtypes, with the epithelioid subtype generally displaying a better response to treatment. Conversely, effective therapies for the non-epithelioid subtypes are limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of FK228, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in the suppression of hMPM tumor growth. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the histological and molecular characteristics of two MPM cell lines, CRL-5820 (epithelioid) and CRL-5946 (non-epithelioid). CRL-5946 cells and non-epithelioid patient-derived xenografted mice exhibited heightened growth rates compared to those with epithelioid MPM. Both CRL-5946 cells and non-epithelioid mice displayed a poor response to cisplatin. However, FK228 markedly inhibited the growth of both epithelioid and non-epithelioid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle analysis revealed FK228-induced G1/S and mitotic arrest in MPM cells. Caspase inhibitor experiments demonstrated that FK228-triggered apoptosis occurred via a caspase-dependent pathway in CRL-5946 but not in CRL-5820 cells. Additionally, a cytokine array analysis showed that FK228 reduced the release of growth factors, including platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors, specifically in CRL-5946 cells. These results indicate that FK228 exhibits therapeutic potential in MPM by inducing cytotoxicity and modulating the tumor microenvironment, potentially benefiting both epithelioid and non-epithelioid subtypes.
Lipotoxic hepatocyte derived LIMA1 enriched small extracellular vesicles promote hepatic stellate cells activation via inhibiting mitophagy
Authors: Li Shihui , Yang Fuji , Cheng Fang , Zhu Ling , Yan Yongmin
Published: May 2024

Background

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the development of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) act as mediators for intercellular information transfer, delivering various fibrotic factors that impact the function of HSCs in liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of lipotoxic hepatocyte derived sEV (LTH-sEV) in HSCs activation and its intrinsic mechanisms.

Methods

High-fat diet (HFD) mice model was constructed to confirm the expression of LIMA1. The relationship between LIMA1-enriched LTH-sEV and LX2 activation was evaluated by measurement of fibrotic markers and related genes. Levels of mitophagy were detected using mt-keima lentivirus. The interaction between LIMA1 and PINK1 was discovered through database prediction and molecular docking. Finally, sEV was injected to investigate whether LIMA1 can accelerate HFD induced liver fibrosis in mice.

Results

LIMA1 expression was upregulated in lipotoxic hepatocytes and was found to be positively associated with the expression of the HSCs activation marker α-SMA. Lipotoxicity induced by OPA led to an increase in both the level of LIMA1 protein in LTH-sEV and the release of LTH-sEV. When HSCs were treated with LTH-sEV, LIMA1 was observed to hinder LX2 mitophagy while facilitating LX2 activation. Further investigation revealed that LIMA1 derived from LTH-sEV may inhibit PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, consequently promoting HSCs activation. Knocking down LIMA1 significantly attenuates the inhibitory effects of LTH-sEV on mitophagy and the promotion of HSCs activation.

Conclusions

Lipotoxic hepatocyte-derived LIMA1-enriched sEVs play a crucial role in promoting HSCs activation in NAFLD-related liver fibrosis by negatively regulating PINK1 mediated mitophagy. These findings provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms involved in the development of fibrosis in NAFLD.

Graphical Abstract
ZBP1 inhibits the replication of Senecavirus A by enhancing NF-κB signaling pathway mediated antiviral response in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells
Authors: Li Huizi , Zheng Tingting , Chen Ming , Lei Xiaoling , Li Shuo , Chen Xijiao , Wang Shishi , Ning Zhangyong
Published: May 2024

Background

Senecavirus A (SVA) caused porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) showing worldwide spread with economic losses in swine industry. Although some progress has been made on host factors regulating the replication of SVA, the role of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) remains unclear.

Methods

The expression of ZBP1 in SVA-infected 3D/421 cells was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the effects of over and interference expression of ZBP1 on SVA VP2 gene and protein. Viral growth curves were prepared to measure the viral proliferation. The effect on type I interferons (IFNs), interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in SVA infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to analysis the effect of ZBP1 on NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibitor are used to confirm.

Results

ZBP1 is shown to inhibit the replication of SVA by enhancing NF-κB signaling pathway mediated antiviral response. SVA infection significantly up-regulated the expression of ZBP1 in 3D4/21 cells. Infection of cells with overexpression of ZBP1 showed that the replication of SVA was inhibited with the enhanced expression of IFNs (IFN-α, IFN-β), ISGs (ISG15, PKR, and IFIT1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), while, infected-cells with interference expression of ZBP1 showed opposite effects. Further results showed that antiviral effect of ZBP1 is achieved by activation the NF-κB signaling pathway and specific inhibitor of NF-κB also confirmed this.

Conclusions

ZBP1 is an important host antiviral factor in SVA infection and indicates that ZBP1 may be a novel target against SVA.

Graphical Abstract
Identification of Eleutherococcus senticosus NAC transcription factors and their mechanisms in mediating DNA methylation of EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE promoters to regulate saponin synthesis
Authors: Dong Jing , Zhao Xuelei , Song Xin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Xueying , Liang Baoxiang , Long Yuehong , Xing Zhaobin
Published: May 2024

Background

The formation of pharmacologically active components in medicinal plants is significantly impacted by DNA methylation. However, the exact mechanisms through which DNA methylation regulates secondary metabolism remain incompletely understood. Research in model species has demonstrated that DNA methylation at the transcription factor binding site within functional gene promoters can impact the binding of transcription factors to target DNA, subsequently influencing gene expression. These findings suggest that the interaction between transcription factors and target DNA could be a significant mechanism through which DNA methylation regulates secondary metabolism in medicinal plants.

Results

This research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the NAC family in E. senticosus, encompassing genome-wide characterization and functional analysis. A total of 117 EsNAC genes were identified and phylogenetically divided into 15 subfamilies. Tandem duplications and chromosome segment duplications were found to be the primary replication modes of these genes. Motif 2 was identified as the core conserved motif of the genes, and the cis-acting elements, gene structures, and expression patterns of each EsNAC gene were different. EsJUB1, EsNAC047, EsNAC098, and EsNAC005 were significantly associated with the DNA methylation ratio in E. senticosus. These four genes were located in the nucleus or cytoplasm and exhibited transcriptional self-activation activity. DNA methylation in EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE promoters significantly reduced their activity. The methyl groups added to cytosine directly hindered the binding of the promoters to EsJUB1, EsNAC047, EsNAC098, and EsNAC005 and altered the expression of EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE genes, eventually leading to changes in saponin synthesis in E. senticosus.

Conclusions

NAC transcription factors that are hindered from binding by methylated DNA are found in E. senticosus. The incapacity of these NACs to bind to the promoter of the methylated saponin synthase gene leads to subsequent alterations in gene expression and saponin synthesis. This research is the initial evidence showcasing the involvement of EsNAC in governing the impact of DNA methylation on saponin production in E. senticosus.
Genome-wide identification of heavy-metal ATPases genes in Areca catechu: investigating their functionality under heavy metal exposure
Authors: Khan Noor Muhammad , Ali Akhtar , Wan Yinglang , Zhou Guangzhen
Published: May 2024

Heavy-metal ATPases (HMAs) play a vital role in plants, helping to transport heavy metal ions across cell membranes.However, insufficient data exists concerning HMAs genes within the Arecaceae family.In this study, 12 AcHMA genes were identified within the genome of Areca catechu, grouped into two main clusters based on their phylogenetic relationships.Genomic distribution analysis reveals that the AcHMA genes were unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. We further analyzed their physicochemical properties, collinearity, and gene structure.Furthermore, RNA-seq data analysis exhibited varied expressions in different tissues of A. catechu and found that AcHMA1, AcHMA2, and AcHMA7 were highly expressed in roots, leaves, pericarp, and male/female flowers. A total of six AcHMA candidate genes were selected based on gene expression patterns, and their expression in the roots and leaves was determined using RT-qPCR under heavy metal stress. Results showed that the expression levels of AcHMA1 and AcHMA3 genes were significantly up-regulated under Cd2 + and Zn2 + stress. Similarly, in response to Cu2+, the AcHMA5 and AcHMA8 revealed the highest expression in roots and leaves, respectively. In conclusion, this study will offer a foundation for exploring the role of the HMAs gene family in dealing with heavy metal stress conditions in A. catechu.
Ambulance service satisfaction level and associated factors among service users in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Asfaw Fisseha Zeleke , Yalew Ayalnesh Zemene , Godie Mezgebu , Fikadu Ayele , Workina Abdata
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Pre-hospital ambulance service is the most important part of healthcare service. Client satisfaction with the service indicates the degree of adaptation to the appropriate quality and quantity of services. Patients’ dissatisfaction with the service can affect their expectations of the overall services that they will receive later in the definitive care facility. However, it is not a well-addressed area in developing countries, including Ethiopia.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the ambulance service satisfaction level and associated factors among service users in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in five governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa city. A face-to-face exit interview technique was employed on a total of 410 consecutively selected participants using a pretested tool developed from similar sources. The cleaned data was entered into the Epi-Data Manager 4.6 version and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The dependent variable was dichotomized into satisfied and unsatisfied to compute bivariate logistic regression. In the multivariate logistic regression model, predictors with a p-value < 0.05 at the 95% CI were considered to have a significant association.

Result

A total of 410 respondents were included in the study. The mean of participants’ responses regarding ambulance personnel, call operator, treatment on the scene, and ambulance subscale was 3.64, 3.48, 3.40, and 3.43, respectively. The study found that only 21.5% of participants were satisfied by the ambulance service they received. There was a statistically significant association between ambulance service satisfaction and age (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.01–12.36), monthly income (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.41–6.94), ambulance response time (AOR = 10.33, 95% CI: 2.09–51.06), type of ambulance used (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI: 2.19–9.43), and previous ambulance usage (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.34–4.05).

Conclusion

The study found a low level of satisfaction among ambulance users. The findings suggest that ambulance personnel performance is a key determinant of user satisfaction, while treatment at the scene and in the ambulances, and call operator areas require improvement. Age, monthly income, ambulance response time, type of ambulance, and previous ambulance use also influenced satisfaction. Improving the quality of services, reducing response time, and ensuring call operators are trained are vital steps to enhance satisfaction.
Modifications of the readiness assessment for pragmatic trials tool for appropriate use with Indigenous populations
Authors: Hikaka Joanna , McCreedy Ellen M. , Jutkowitz Eric , McCarthy Ellen P. , Baier Rosa R.
Published: May 2024

Background

Inequities in health access and outcomes exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Embedded pragmatic randomized, controlled trials (ePCTs) can test the real-world effectiveness of health care interventions. Assessing readiness for ePCT, with tools such as the Readiness Assessment for Pragmatic Trials (RAPT) model, is an important component. Although equity must be explicitly incorporated in the design, testing, and widespread implementation of any health care intervention to achieve equity, RAPT does not explicitly consider equity. This study aimed to identify adaptions necessary for the application of the ‘Readiness Assessment for Pragmatic Trials’ (RAPT) tool in embedded pragmatic randomized, controlled trials (ePCTs) with Indigenous communities.

Methods

We surveyed and interviewed participants (researchers with experience in research involving Indigenous communities) over three phases (July-December 2022) in this mixed-methods study to explore the appropriateness and recommended adaptions of current RAPT domains and to identify new domains that would be appropriate to include. We thematically analyzed responses and used an iterative process to modify RAPT.

Results

The 21 participants identified that RAPT needed to be modified to strengthen readiness assessment in Indigenous research. In addition, five new domains were proposed to support Indigenous communities’ power within the research processes: Indigenous Data Sovereignty; Acceptability – Indigenous Communities; Risk of Research; Research Team Experience; Established Partnership). We propose a modified tool, RAPT-Indigenous (RAPT-I) for use in research with Indigenous communities to increase the robustness and cultural appropriateness of readiness assessment for ePCT. In addition to producing a tool for use, it outlines a methodological approach to adopting research tools for use in and with Indigenous communities by drawing on the experience of researchers who are part of, and/or working with, Indigenous communities to undertake interventional research, as well as those with expertise in health equity, implementation science, and public health.

Conclusion

RAPT-I has the potential to provide a useful framework for readiness assessment prior to ePCT in Indigenous communities. RAPT-I also has potential use by bodies charged with critically reviewing proposed pragmatic research including funding and ethics review boards.
The prognostic value of combined uric acid and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Wang Chentao , Zhou Meili , Kang Tingting , You Shoujiang , Cao Yongjun , Kong Weina , Shi Jijun
Published: May 2024

Background

Serum uric acid (UA) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been reported to be associated with outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, whether UA is related to the prognosis of AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remains inconclusive. We sought to explore the combined effect of UA and NLR on the prognosis of AIS treated with IVT.

Methods

A total of 555 AIS patients receiving IVT treatment were enrolled. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the levels of UA and NLR: LNNU (low NLR and normal UA), LNHU (low NLR and high UA), HNNU (high NLR and normal UA), and HNHU (high NLR and high UA). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the value of serum UA level and NLR in predicting prognosis. The primary outcomes were major disability (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3–5) and death within 3 months.

Results

After multivariate adjustment, a high NLR (≥ 3.94) increased the risk of 3-month death or major disability (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42 to 3.55, p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between a high UA level (≥ 313.00 µmol/L) and clinical outcome. HNHU was associated with a 5.09-fold increase in the risk of death (OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 1.31–19.83; P value = 0.019) and a 1.98-fold increase in the risk of major disability (OR, 1.98; 95% CI 1.07–3.68; P value = 0.030) in comparison to LNNU.

Conclusions

High serum UA levels combined with high NLR were independently associated with 3-month death and major disability in AIS patients after IVT.
Combined image-guided radiofrequency and iodine-125 seeds implantation in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Cao Fei , Zheng Jiaping , Hao Weiyuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. It is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with iodine-125 seeds implantation (RFA-125I) in the treatment of recurrent HCC.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with postoperative recurrence of HCC receiving RFA-125I or RFA treatment from January 2013 to January 2023. Both RFA and 125I seeds implantation were performed under dual guidance of ultrasound and CT. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence, and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 210 patients with recurrent HCC were enrolled in this study, including 125 patients in the RFA-125I group and 85 patients in the RFA group. The RFA-125I group showed a significantly better survival benefit than RFA group (median OS: 37 months vs. 16 months, P < 0.001; median PFS: 15 months vs. 10 months, P = 0.001). The uni- and multivariate analysis showed that RFA-125I was a protective factor for OS and PFS. There were no procedure-related deaths and no grade 3 or higher adverse events in both groups.

Conclusions

RFA combined with 125I seeds implantation under dual guidance of ultrasound and CT is effective and safe for the treatment of HCC patients with recurrence after hepatectomy.
Causal relationship between lipid-lowering drugs and ovarian cancer, cervical cancer: a drug target mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Jinshuai , Yang Zixian , Wang Tao , Li Mengqi , Wu Xiangjian , Fu Xiaoyan , Yang Chunfeng , Li Yangpu , Wang Ximing , Lan Zhiming , Li Minfang , Chen Sheng
Published: May 2024

Background

The causal impact of lipid-lowering drugs on ovarian cancer (OC) and cervical cancer (CC) has received considerable attention, but its causal relationship is still a subject of debate. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of lipid-lowering medications on the occurrence risk of OC and CC through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of drug targets.

Methods

This investigation concentrated on the primary targets of lipid-lowering medications, specifically, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and proprotein convertase kexin 9 (PCSK9). Genetic variations associated with HMGCR and PCSK9 were derived from published genome-wide association study (GWAS) findings to serve as substitutes for HMGCR and PCSK9 inhibitors. Employing a MR approach, an analysis was conducted to scrutinize the impact of inhibitors targeting HMGCR and PCSK9 on the occurrence of OC and CC. Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was utilized as a positive control, and the primary outcomes encompassed OC and CC.

Results

The findings of the study suggest a notable elevation in the risk of OC among patients treated with HMGCR inhibitors (OR [95%CI] = 1.815 [1.316, 2.315], p = 0.019). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between PCSK9 inhibitors and the occurrence of OC. Additionally, the analysis did not reveal any noteworthy connection between HMGCR inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CC.

Conclusion

HMGCR inhibitors significantly elevate the risk of OC in patients, but their mechanism needs further investigation, and no influence of PCSK9 inhibitors on OC has been observed. There is no significant relationship between HMGCR inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CC.
The impact of an innovative community-based peer-led intervention on uptake and coverage of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents and young people 15–24 years old: results from the Yathu Yathu cluster randomised trial
Authors: Phiri Mwelwa Muleba , Schaap Albertus , Hensen Bernadette , Sigande Lucheka , Simuyaba Melvin , Mwenge Lawrence , Zulu-Phiri Rosemary , Mwape Louis , Floyd Sian , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Simwinga Musonda , Ayles Helen
Published: May 2024

Background

The Yathu Yathu (“For Us, By Us”) cluster-randomized trial (CRT) evaluated a peer-led community-based sexual and reproductive health(SRH) intervention implemented to address persistent barriers to SRH service use among adolescents and young people (AYP). We report the impact of the intervention on coverage of key SRH services among AYP.

Methods

The trial was conducted from Jul 2019-Oct 2021 in two urban communities in Lusaka, Zambia, divided into 20 zones (~ 2350 AYP/zone). Zones were randomly allocated to intervention (N = 10) or control (N = 10) arm. In all zones, a census was conducted and all AYP aged 15-24-years offered participation. The intervention consisted of peer-led community-based hubs providing SRH services; a prevention points card (PPC) system to incentivize and track SRH service use and community engagement. This paper reports on the outcome of coverage (accessing at least one key SRH service), comparing intervention and control arms using PPC data and standard methods of analysis for CRTs.

Results

Among enumerated AYP, 93.6% (14,872/15,894) consented to participate from intervention zones and 95.1% (14,500/15,255) from control zones. Among those who accepted a PPC, 63.8% (9,493/14,872) accessed at least one key SRH service during the study period in the intervention arm, compared to 5.4% (776/14,500) in the control arm (adjPR 12.3 95%CI 9.3–16.2, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The Yathu Yathu intervention increased coverage of key SRH services among AYP and reached two-thirds of AYP. These findings demonstrate the potential of providing peer-led community-based SRH services.

Trial registration

ISRCTN75609016 (11/10/2021), clinicaltrials.gov number NCT04060420 (19/08/2019); retrospectively registered.
An exploratory cross-sectional study on Mental health literacy of Spanish adolescents
Authors: González-Sanguino Clara , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , Redondo-Pacheco Jesús , Betegón Elena , Valdivieso-León Lorena , Irurtia María Jesús
Published: May 2024

Background

Mental health literacy (MHL) is especially important for young people, but comprehensive studies on MHL in adolescents are limited, with no nationwide studies in Spain. This research aims to study MHL among Spanish adolescents and its relationship with sociodemographic factors.

Methods

An exploratory study is carried out using stratified random sampling in Spanish adolescents (N = 1000), aged 12–16 years and balanced in terms of gender, age and territorial distribution. Data collection took place in October and November 2023 through online surveys using the CAWI methodology. Sociodemographic variables, contact with mental health and the Spanish version of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLq-E), a self-administered instrument of 32 Likert-type items (1–5) that assesses the dimensions of help-seeking skills, knowledge about causes and symptoms, and stigma, were evaluated. Descriptive and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted.

Results

In general, adequate levels of literacy were observed, although some aspects related to help-seeking towards teachers, stigmatising attitudes towards people of low economic status and knowledge of severe mental health problems could be improved. The results show contact with previous mental health problems as a key variable for stigma and knowledge about symptomatology together with age. Likewise, gender and family educational level were found to be related to the ability to seek professional help.

Conclusion

This study provides information on levels of MHL among Spanish adolescents and highlights significant socio-demographic variables. These findings pave the way for interventions aimed at improving adolescents' understanding, attitudes and skills to manage mental health problems, making possible to adapt content and focus on specific groups, thus increasing its effectiveness.