bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three endogenous pararetrovirus genomes in
Medicago sativa
Authors: Ali Raad Mohammed , Alisawi Osamah , Al Fahad Maadh
Published: September 2024

The genome sequences of three related endogenous pararetroviruses were obtained by high-throughput genomic sequencing of
Medicago sativa
. The genomes were found to be integrated within plant genes. The phylogeny revealed that Caulimovirus-MSa3 was closely related to caulimoviruses of petunia, whereas Caulimovirus-MSa1 and Caulimovirus-MSa2 were distinct from constructed clades.
Genome sequences of seven
Mannheimia haemolytica
isolates from feedlots in Oklahoma and California
Authors: Krueger Margaret , Mani Rinosh , Sreevatsan Srinand
Published: September 2024

This report describes the genome sequences of seven
Mannheimia haemolytica
isolates recovered from feedlot cattle. These genome sequences will enhance our understanding of
Mannheimia haemolytica
evolution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-associated genes they carried over a two-decade span.
Diagnosis of
Helicobacter pylori
infection: serology vs. urea breath test
Authors: Imperial Miguel , Tan Kennard , Fjell Chris , Chang Yin , Krajden Mel , Kelly Michael T. , Morshed Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The objective of the study was to ascertain an optimal
Helicobacter pylori
diagnostic strategy using population-level laboratory data comparing the performance of serology against urea breath test (UBT).
H. pylori
diagnostic test results for serology and UBT from two laboratories over a 12-year period (2006–20017) were extracted, linked, and analyzed. A subset of this population underwent both methods of testing within days of each other, enabling a direct comparison of the two methods. The average prevalence of
H. pylor
i positivity was 21.3% by serology and 17.5% by UBT. There were 2,612 individuals who had serology performed first, followed by UBT within 14 days. For this subset, the sensitivity of serology compared with UBT was 96.5% with a specificity of 79.2%. The negative predictive value for serology was 98.4%. Contrary to various recent clinical guidelines, the data show that serology still has utility as a sensitive enough test to be used as an initial
H. pylori
screening test in a lower prevalence population. Negative serology can be used with confidence to rule out active infection, whereas a positive serology could be followed up with a UBT or a similar performing test such as stool antigen to differentiate active from past infection. For population-based diagnostic recommendations, such a strategy may be ideal since serology generally costs less than UBT and may be combined with a blood draw being done for other diagnostic tests. Continuing to offer serology increases options for patients and may provide economic benefits for single-payer health care systems or health maintenance organizations.

IMPORTANCE

This study compares the performance of serology with urea breath test in the diagnosis of
Helicobacter pylori
in a population-level data set and mimics a head-to-head direct comparison as the study population had both tests performed within 2 weeks of each other. This provides new information supporting the use of serology in a diagnostic algorithm. There are several instances where serology could be preferable to patients to rule out disease, despite some guidelines suggesting serology should not be used.
Interaction of retinal electrophysiology and novel orthokeratology lens use on myopia control efficacy in children
Authors: Choi Kai Yip , Wong Gigi Tsz King , Chan Sonia Seen Hang , Lam Thomas Chuen , Chan Henry Ho-lung
Published: September 2024

Aims

The relationship between retinal electrophysiological function and myopia progression was evaluated in school-aged children wearing Breath-O-Correct Orthokeratology (OK) lenses compared with those wearing single vision (SV) lenses over 24 months.

Methods

In this randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial, children aged 8–12 years with −1.00 to −4.00 D of myopia were recruited. Retinal function was evaluated using global-flash multifocal electroretinography at baseline before OK or SV treatment. Axial length was evaluated at 6-month intervals up to 24 months. The main outcome measures were axial elongation (AE) between groups and the interactive effect of baseline retinal function.

Results

A total of 70 children (43 OK, 9.8±1.3 years; 27 SV, 9.5±1.4 years) completed the 2-year study and were included in the analysis. The 2-year normalised AE was 0.37±0.37 mm in the OK group and 0.60±0.41 mm in the SV group, respectively. For children in the SV group, the amplitude of the central inner retinal response was negatively correlated with axial length elongation (p=0.03). In contrast, this relationship between retinal electrophysiology and AE was not observed in OK group, indicating that they were independent of each other in children treated with OK (p=0.33).

Conclusion

A weak retinal electrophysiological response was a risk factor for rapid AE in SV controls. However, OK treatment can lower this risk factor and significantly reduce AE in school-aged children.
Presentation and characteristics of children with screen-detected type 1 diabetes: learnings from the ELSA general population pediatric screening study
Authors: Quinn Lauren M , Dias Renuka P , Bidder Christopher , Bhowmik Sudeshna , Bumke Kerstin , Ganapathi Jaikumar , Gorman Shaun , Hind Edward , Karandikar Swati , Kumar Kiran , Lipscomb Nicholas , McGovern Sheila , Puthi Vijith R , Randell Tabitha , Watts Gemma , Narendran Parth
Published: September 2024

Introduction

We describe the identification and management of general population screen-detected type 1 diabetes (T1D) and share learnings for best practice.

Research design and methods

Children diagnosed with T1D through a general population screening initiative, the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study, were reviewed and described.

Parents provided written, informed consent for inclusion in the case series.

Results

14 children with insulin requiring (stage 3) T1D are described. These cases offer unique insights into the features of screen-detected T1D. T1D is identified sooner through screening programs, characterized by absent/short symptom duration, median presenting glycated hemoglobin 6.6% (49 mmol/mol) and insulin requirements<0.5 units/kg/day. ELSA identified four children at stage 3 and another 4 progressed within 4 months of ELSA completion, including two single seropositive children. Six children developed stage 3 T1D prior to ELSA completion, including two children (14%, n=2/14) with diabetic ketoacidosis prior to confirmed antibody status.

Conclusions

There are three main learnings from this case series. First, T1D identified through screening is at an earlier stage of its natural history and requires personalized insulin regimens with lower total daily insulin doses. Second, single autoantibody seropositivity can rapidly progress to stage 3. Finally, insulin requirement can manifest at any stage of the T1D screening pathway, and therefore early education around symptom recognition is essential for families participating in screening programs.
Continuum of health equity practice and science: conceptualising health equity research and practice for injury prevention
Authors: Scheuer Hannah , Wulz Avital R , Carmichael Andrea E , Welder Laura E
Published: September 2024

Background

Integrating and advancing health equity are a core tenant of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s mission. Comprehensive frameworks that clearly conceptualise equity are needed to prioritise and inform the advancement of health equity within public health.

Methods

To help meet this need, the investigative team developed The Continuum of Health Equity Practice & Science (The Continuum). The Continuum was developed in two phases: (1) an initial survey distributed to internal CDC Division of Injury Prevention investigators, and (2) a review of public health frameworks and the current health equity evidence base.

Results

The Continuum is a framework that includes seven key components of health equity and ultimately aims to guide public health practice and research towards the advancement of health equity. To illustrate its usefulness, we provide an example using adolescent suicide for each component of The Continuum and demonstrate how this may inform efforts to advance health equity.

Conclusion

With a specific focus on conceptualising health equity and addressing systemic inequities, The Continuum may be used to inform efforts to advance equity in injury prevention and beyond.
Changing relationship between income inequality and mortality
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: September 2024

The recent paper by Dunnet alshowed that the positive relationship between US state-level income inequality and mortality was small in the 1950s, rose to a large value around 1990 but had largely disappeared by 2019. We consider these findings in the context of the mechanisms that have been advanced for reasons why a positive relationship might be expected, and in relation to studies using alternative methods included in systematic reviews that fail to confirm an independent inequality/mortality relationship. Ecological studies, such as by Dunnet al, using subnational data have advantages compared with similar studies using cross-national data, but controls are typically confined to those available from sources such as decennial census, so scope for incorporating lagged effects and life course factors is limited. However, they are often the only studies with the statistical power to identify subnational differentials and time trends so they are complementary to rarely available sources such as high-quality long-term individual-level microdata data required for causal analyses. Income equality can arise not only due to citizens’ positive preferences but also to external choices such as economic decline and globalisation, so examining the wider context is important when explaining excess levels of ‘deaths of despair’ in low-inequality US states. The apparent increasingly strong association between income levels and low mortality with a weakening inequality/mortality relationship has implications for policy recommendations.
Novel variants and genotype-phenotype correlation in a multicentre cohort of GNE myopathy in China
Authors: Jiao Kexin , Zhang Jialong , Li Qiuxiang , Lv Xiaoqing , Yu Yanyan , Zhu Bochen , Zhong Huahua , Yu Xu’en , Song Jia , Ke Qing , Qian Fangyuan , Luan Xinghua , Zhang Xiaojie , Chang Xueli , Wang Liang , Liu Meirong , Dong Jihong , Zou Zhangyu , Bu Bitao , Jiang Haishan , Liu LingChun , Li Yue , Yue Dongyue , Chang Xuechun , Zheng Yongsheng , Wang Ningning , Gao Mingshi , Xia Xingyu , Cheng Nachuan , Wang Tao , Luo Su-Shan , Xi Jianying , Lin Jie , Lu Jiahong , Zhao Chongbo , Yang Huan , Lin Pengfei , Hong Daojun , Zhao Zhe , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhu Wenhua
Published: September 2024

Background

GlcNAc2-epimerase (GNE) myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the
GNE
gene, which is essential for the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway.

Objective

This multi-centre study aimed to delineate the clinical phenotype and
GNE
variant spectrum in Chinese patients, enhancing our understanding of the genetic diversity and clinical manifestation across different populations.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed
GNE
variants from 113 patients, integrating these data with external
GNE
variants from online databases for a global perspective, examining their consequences, distribution, ethnicity and severity.

Results

This study revealed 97 distinct
GNE
variants, including 35 (36.08%) novel variants. Two more patients with deep intronic variant c.862+870C>T were identified, while whole genome sequencing (WGS) uncovered another two novel intronic variants: c.52-8924G>T and c.1505-12G>A. Nanopore long reads sequencing (LRS) and further PCR analysis verified a 639 bp insertion at chr9:36249241. Missense variants predominantly located in the epimerase/kinase domain coding region, indicating the impairment of catalytic function as a key pathogenic consequence. Comparative studies with Japanese, Korean and Jewish, our cohorts showed later onset ages by 2 years. The high allele frequency of the non-catalytic
GNE
variant, c.620A>T, might underlie the milder phenotype of Chinese patients.

Conclusions

Comprehensive techniques such as WGS and Nanopore LRS warrants the identifying of
GNE
variants. Patients with the non-catalytic
GNE
variant, c.620A>T, had a milder disease progression and later wheelchair use.
Variability in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in children with symptomatically well-controlled asthma
Authors: Filipow Nicole , Turner Stephen , Petsky Helen L , Chang Anne B , Frischer Thomas , Szefler Stanley , Vermeulen Francoise , Stanojevic Sanja
Published: September 2024

Aims

Spirometry is used by many clinicians to monitor asthma in children but relatively little is understood about its variability over time. The aim of this study was to determine the variability of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)in children with symptomatically well-controlled asthma by applying three different methods of expressing change in FEV1over 3-month intervals.

Methods

Data from five longitudinal studies of children with asthma which measured FEV1at 3-month intervals over 6 or 12 months were used. We analysed paired FEV1measurements when asthma symptoms were controlled. The variability of FEV1% predicted (FEV1%), FEV1z-score (FEV1z) and conditional z score for change (Zc) in FEV1was expressed as limits of agreement.

Results

A total of 881 children had 3338 FEV1measurements on occasions when asthma was controlled; 5184 pairs of FEV1measurements made at 3-month intervals were available. Each unit change in FEV1z score was equivalent to a Zc 1.45 and an absolute change in FEV1% of 11.6%. The limits of agreement for change in FEV1% were −20 and +21, absolute change in FEV1z were −1.7 and +1.7 and Zc were −2.6 and +2.1. Regression to the mean and increased variability in younger children were present for change in FEV1% and FEV1z comparisons, but not Zc.

Conclusion

Given the wide limits of agreement of paired FEV1measurements in symptomatically well-controlled children, asthma treatment should primarily be guided by symptoms and not by a change in spirometry.
Dirac stars in Anti-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Li , Wang Yong-Qiang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we construct the Dirac stars model composed of two Dirac fields and Einstein gravity in four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime. We consider the Dirac stars with free field (no self-interacting). Our investigation focuses on understanding the relationship between Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) mass and binding energy in relation to the cosmological constant. Furthermore, we extend the study to the Dirac stars with self-interacting potentials. For the self-interacting Dirac stars, three types of interactions are examined: only quartic, only sextic, quartic and sextic interactions that is kind of Q-ball type interactions. In these three distinct scenarios, it is essential to investigate the impact of self-interaction constants on Dirac stars. Additionally, we study the Dirac solitons in the AdS background. Finally, we discussed the dependence of the spectral flow of the Dirac Hamiltonian on the model parameters.
Intermediate inflation in a generalized non-minimal derivative coupling model
Authors: Goodarzi Parviz
Published: September 2024

In this work, we consider intermediate inflation in the context of the generalized non-minimal derivative coupling (GNMDC) model. In the GNMDC model, inflation is driven by a canonical scalar field that is coupled not only to gravity but also to the derivative of the scalar field. The model introduces new dynamics and features during the inflationary epoch. We find inflationary solutions with a power law scalar field for the power law coupling function. Additionally, we determine the inflaton potential that generates intermediate expansion of the scale factor. We also discuss the background equations in the high friction limit and derive constraints on the parameters of our model. Furthermore, we investigate the cosmological perturbations in the slow roll approximation within the GNMDC model, and we calculate the scalar and tensor spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio during intermediate inflation. We compare the results of this model with observational data that can be used to test the model using cosmic microwave background radiation data. Overall, we establish conditions for the inflaton potential that ensure the continuation of accelerated expansion during slow roll inflation. We numerically analyze the power spectrum and spectral index for scalar and tensor modes in intermediate inflation in the high friction limit, and we use Planck 2018 data to obtain constraints on the parameters of the model. We demonstrate that intermediate inflation in the GNMDC model is successful in evaluation and explanation of background and perturbation quantities using observational data.
The cosmology of $$f(R, L_m)$$ gravity: constraining the background and perturbed dynamics
Authors: Sahlu Shambel , Alfedeel Alnadhief H. A. , Abebe Amare
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures within the context of a specific $$ f(R, L_m) $$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

gravity model, formulated as $$ f(R, L_m) = \lambda R + \beta L_m^\alpha + \eta $$

f

(
R
,

L
m

)

=
λ
R
+
β

L
m
α

+
η

. To study the cosmological viability of the model, we employed the latest cosmic measurement datasets: (i) 57 observational Hubble parameter data points (); (ii) 1048 distance moduli data points (); (iii) a combined dataset (); and large scale structure datasets, including (iv) 14 growth rate data points (); and (v) 30 redshift space distortion data points ($$\sigma _8$$

σ
8

). These datasets facilitated the constraint of the $$ f(R, L_m) $$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

-gravity model via MCMC simulations, followed by a comparative analysis with the $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model. A comprehensive statistical analysis has been conducted to evaluate the $$ f(R, L_m) $$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

-gravity model’s efficacy in explaining both the accelerated expansion of the universe and the growth of cosmic structures. Using large-scale structure data, we find the best-fit values of $$\varOmega _m = 0.242^{+0.016}_{-0.032}$$

Ω
m

=
0
.

242

-
0.032

+
0.016

, $$\alpha = 1.15^{+0.20}_{-0.20}$$

α
=
1
.

15

-
0.20

+
0.20

, $$\beta = 1.12^{+0.13}_{-0.30}$$

β
=
1
.

12

-
0.30

+
0.13

, $$\lambda = 0.72^{+0.30}_{-0.13}$$

λ
=
0
.

72

-
0.13

+
0.30

and $$\gamma = 0.555\pm {0.014}$$

γ
=
0.555
±

0.014

using -data and $$\varOmega _m = 0.284^{+0.035}_{-0.049}$$

Ω
m

=
0
.

284

-
0.049

+
0.035

, $$\sigma _8 = 0.799^{+0.045}_{-0.086}$$

σ
8

=
0
.

799

-
0.086

+
0.045

, $$\alpha = 0.766^{+0.026}_{-0.064}$$

α
=
0
.

766

-
0.064

+
0.026

, $$\beta = 1.08^{+0.40}_{-0.16}$$

β
=
1
.

08

-
0.16

+
0.40

, and $$\lambda = 0.279^{+0.078}_{-0.11}$$

λ
=
0
.

279

-
0.11

+
0.078

using $$\sigma _8$$

σ
8

-data at the $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

and $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

confidence levels, respectively, with the model showing substantial observational support based on $$\varDelta $$
Δ
AIC values but less observational support based on the $$\varDelta $$
Δ
BIC values on Jeffreys’ statistical criteria. On the other hand, from the joint analysis of the data, we obtain $$\alpha = 1.091^{+0.035}_{-0.042}$$

α
=
1
.

091

-
0.042

+
0.035

, $$\beta = 1.237^{+ 0.056}_{-0.16}$$

β
=
1
.

237

-
0.16

+
0.056

and $$\lambda = 0.630^{+0.031}_{-0.050}$$

λ
=
0
.

630

-
0.050

+
0.031

with the Jeffreys’ scale statistical criteria showing the $$ f(R, L_m) $$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

model having substantial support when using data, less observational support with the joint analysis , and rejected using data, compared with $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM at the background level.
Weak energy condition, trapped surfaces and black hole third law
Authors: Bahmani F. , Shojai F. , Anjomshoaa Sh.
Published: September 2024

We consider the third law of thermodynamics for families of 4- and n-dimensional Vaidya black holes, including many of interest. Since there are several versions of the definition of surface gravity as well as the extremality condition for dynamical black holes, we first show that for the considered 4- and n-dimensional Vaidya families, these definitions are consistent with each other. We assume, first, that a non-extremal black hole evolves to an extremality state after a finite time and second, that the weak energy condition for the source holds at all times. We then compare the results of these assumptions and investigate whether there are ranges of black hole parameters where these two assumptions are in conflict.
Self-gravitating solutions in Yang–Mills–Chern–Simons theory coupled to 3D massive gravity
Authors: Corral Cristóbal , Flores-Alfonso Daniel , Giribet Gastón , Oliva Julio
Published: September 2024

We study self-gravitating solutions of three-dimensional massive gravity coupled to the Yang–Mills–Chern–Simons gauge theory. Among these, there is a family of asymptotically Warped-Anti de Sitter black holes that come to generalize previous solutions found in the literature and studied in the context of WAdS$$_3$$

3

/CFT$$_2$$

2

. We also present self-gravitating solutions to three-dimensional Einstein–Yang–Mills theory, as well other self-gravitating solutions in the presence of higher-curvature terms.
Non-hermitian Dirac theory from Lindbladian dynamics
Authors: Gomes Y. M. P.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the intricate relationship between dissipative processes of open quantum systems and the non-Hermitian quantum field theory of relativistic fermionic systems. By examining the influence of dissipative effects on Dirac fermions via Lindblad formalism, we elucidate the effects of coupling relativistic Dirac particles with the environment and show the lack of manifest Lorentz invariance. Employing rigorous theoretical analysis, we generalize the collisionless Boltzmann equations for the relativistic dissipation-driven fermionic system and find the Lyapunov equation, which governs the stationary solutions. Using our formalism, one presents a simple non-Hermitian model that the relativistic fermionic particles and anti-particles are stable. Going further, using the solution to the Lyapunov equations, one analyses the effect of dissipation on the stationary charge imbalance of this non-Hermitian model and finds that the dissipation can induce a new kind of charge imbalance compared with the collisionless equilibrium case.
The lensing effect of quantum-corrected black hole and parameter constraints from EHT observations
Authors: Zhao Lai , Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi
Published: September 2024

The quantum-corrected black hole model demonstrates significant potential in the study of gravitational lensing effects. By incorporating quantum effects, this model addresses the singularity problem in classical black holes. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the quantum correction parameter on the lensing effect based on the quantum-corrected black hole model. Using the black holes$$M87^*$$M87∗and$$Sgr A^*$$SgrA∗as our subjects, we explore the influence of the quantum correction parameter on angular position, Einstein ring, and time delay. Additionally, we use data from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of black hole shadows to constrain the quantum correction parameter. Our results indicate that the quantum correction parameter significantly affects the lensing coefficients$$\bar{a}$$a¯and$$\bar{b}$$b¯, as well as the Einstein ring. The position$$\theta _{\infty }$$θ∞and brightness ratioSof the relativistic image exhibit significant changes,with deviations on the order of magnitude of$$\sim 1\,\upmu \! \textrm{as}$$∼1μasand$$\sim 0.01\,\upmu \! \textrm{as}$$∼0.01μas, respectively. The impact of the quantum correction parameter on the time delay$$\Delta T_{21}$$ΔT21is particularly significant in the$$M87^*$$M87∗black hole, with deviations reaching up to several tens of hours. Using observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT) of black hole shadows to constrain the quantum correction parameter, the constraint range under the$$M87^*$$M87∗black hole is$$0\le \frac{\alpha }{M^2}\le 1.4087$$0≤αM2≤1.4087and the constraint range under the$$Sgr A^*$$SgrA∗black hole is$$0.9713\le \frac{\alpha }{M^2}\le 1.6715$$0.9713≤αM2≤1.6715. Although the current resolution of the EHT limits the observation of subtle differences, future high-resolution telescopes are expected to further distinguish between the quantum-corrected black hole and the Schwarzschild black hole, providing new avenues for exploring quantum gravitational effects.
A note on the area of event horizon of Kleinian black hole
Authors: Do Tuan Q.
Published: September 2024

We point out that the area of event horizon of Kleinian black hole is infinite due to the fact that its event horizon is not a sphere but a hyperboloid. Therefore, the usual interpretations of Schwarzschild black hole might not be applicable to the Kleinian black hole.
$$X_0(2900)$$ and its spin partners productions in the $$B^+$$ decay processes
Authors: Yu Zhuo , Wu Qi , Chen Dian-Yong
Published: September 2024

In the present work, we investigate the productions of $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and its spin partners in the $$B^+$$

B
+

decay processes, where $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

is regarded as a $$\bar{D}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

molecular state. We infer that the initial $$B^+$$

B
+

meson and the final $$D^+ X_0(2900)$$

D
+

X
0

(
2900
)

are connected through the $$D_{s1}^{\prime +}(2460) \bar{D}^{*0} $$

D

s
1

′
+

(
2460
)

D

¯

∗
0

mesons by exchanging a $$K^{*0}$$

K

∗
0

meson. The contributions of such a meson loop to the process $$B^+ \rightarrow D^+ X_0(2900)$$

B
+

→

D
+

X
0

(
2900
)

are evaluated and our estimations indicate that the measured branching fraction of $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ X_0(2900)$$

B
+

→

D
+

X
0

(
2900
)

could be well reproduced in a reasonable range of model parameters, indicating that $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

could be interpreted as a $$\bar{D}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

molecular state. In addition, the production processes $$B^+ \rightarrow D^+ \tilde{X}_{1,2}$$

B
+

→

D
+

X
~

1
,
2

, $$B^+ \rightarrow D^{*+} X_0(2900)$$

B
+

→

D

∗
+

X
0

(
2900
)

, and $$B^+ \rightarrow D^{*+}\tilde{X}_{1,2}$$

B
+

→

D

∗
+

X
~

1
,
2

are investigated, and we find that the fit fraction of $$\tilde{X}_1$$

X
~

1

in the process $$B^+ \rightarrow D^{*+} D^{*-} K^+$$

B
+

→

D

∗
+

D

∗
-

K
+

is about 6%, which should be accessible by the LHCb and Belle II Collaborations.
Corwin–Greenleaf multiplicity function of a class of Lie groups
Authors: Rahali Aymen
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a simply connected nilpotent Lie group, and let [Formula: see text] be a connected compact subgroup of the automorphism group, [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text] be the semidirect product (of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Let [Formula: see text] be the respective Lie algebras of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the natural projection. It was pointed out by Lipsman, that the unitary dual [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is in one-to-one correspondence with the space of admissible coadjoint orbits [Formula: see text] (see [R. L. Lipsman, Orbit theory and harmonic analysis on Lie groups with co-compact nilradical, J. Math. Pures Appl. 59 (1980) 337–374]). Let [Formula: see text] be a generic representation of [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] To these representations we associate, respectively, the admissible coadjoint orbit [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (via the Lipsman’s correspondence). We denote by [Formula: see text] the number of [Formula: see text]-orbits in [Formula: see text] which is called the Corwin–Greenleaf multiplicity function. The Kirillov–Lipsman’s orbit method suggests that the multiplicity [Formula: see text] of an irreducible [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] occurring in the restriction [Formula: see text] could be read from the coadjoint action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] Under some assumptions on the pair [Formula: see text] we prove that for a class of generic representations [Formula: see text] one has [Formula: see text] Moreover, we show that the Corwin–Greenleaf multiplicity function is bounded ([Formula: see text]) for a special class of subgroups of [Formula: see text] Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a nonzero multiplicity ([Formula: see text]).
Angular correlations in associated top-quark and dark matter production at Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Abasov E. , Boos E. , Bunichev V. , Volkov P. , Vorotnikov G. , Dudko L. , Zaborenko A. , Iudin E. , Markina A. , Perfilov M.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we consider the processes of single top-quark production in association with dark matter particles through the t-channel in simplified models with scalar and pseudoscalar mediators. Within the framework of these models, we analyze the angular correlations that arise in the top quark production process in association with dark matter, comparing them with the production of a top quark in the Standard Model. We consider angular correlations of kinematic variables, which define admissible regions in momentum space and can be used experimentally to distinguish between the fraction of the total momentum carried away by the scalar or pseudoscalar mediator. We demonstrate that scalar mediator significantly changes the rest frame of the well-known angular correlation observable and changes the distributions. In this case, this variable provides clear separation between the SM and DM contribution and can be used to increase the sensitivity of future DM analyses.
Mathematical analysis of gravitational deflection angle of light for Bardeen type black holes
Authors: Meng Xue , Liu Tengyang , Zhang Xiangyi , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: September 2024

The gravitational deflection angle of light is crucial in various areas like astrophysics, cosmology and astronomy since it serves as a major tool for testing general relativity and its modification of gravitational theory. This paper studied the problem of the gravitational deflection angle of light for Bardeen type black holes and rotating Bardeen type black holes generated by Einstein gravitational field equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics. Through the theoretical analysis of the gravitational deflection angle of light for Bardeen type black holes and rotating Bardeen type black holes with geodesic analysis method, we come up with the corresponding expressions of it. Subsequently, we use mathematical tools to calculate its value. The results show that the gravitational deflection angle of light for Bardeen type black holes is smaller than that of classical Einstein in all circumstances, while the rotating Bardeen type black holes hold a smaller gravitational deflection angle of light than that of the rotating Kerr black holes. In particular, the existence of magnetic charge g and the rotation parameter a in nonlinear electrodynamics could reduce the gravitational deflection angle of light.
Charged current semi-inclusive deeply inelastic neutrino and antineutrino nucleus scattering
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Jing , Yang Weihua , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

It is important to consider the charged current weak interaction in the (semi-)inclusive deeply inelastic scattering to determine (transverse momentum dependent) parton distribution functions with flavor identifications. To this end, we calculate the charged current semi-inclusive deeply inelastic neutrino and anti-neutrino nucleus scattering and propose a measurable quantity in this paper to determine the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions. Semi-inclusive means that an unpolarized or a spin-0 hadron is detected in the current fragmentation region in addition to the scattered charged lepton. The target nucleus is assumed to be spin-1 for the complete calculation. We find that only the chiral-even terms survive and the chiral-odd terms vanish in this charged current deeply inelastic (anti-)neutrino nucleus scattering process. The measurable quantity is the yield difference or asymmetry of the positive pion and the negative pion. We notice that it is only determined by (anti-)strange quark distribution functions under isospin symmetry and would be reduced to a function of kinematic variable y if (anti-)strange quark distribution functions are neglected. The kaon meson production can be discussed in a similar way. Our calculations are limited at the leading twist level.
Layered MXene-transition metal oxide nanocomposite revealing its versatility in methanol oxidation and PVA/KOH hydrogel-based symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Baruah K. , Nandi S. , Singh A. K. , Pershaanaa M. , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S. , Deb P.
Published: September 2024

To find a solution to the global energy demand, efficient energy production and storage devices are utmost required. Taking advantage of the unique combination of hydrophilicity and conductivity of MXene, a bifunctional nonnoble metal-based electrode NiCo2O4/NiO/MXene (CNOT) is developed. Low conductivity and aggregation of transition metal oxides are compensated by making a hybrid of NiCo2O4/NiO with MXene. CNOT, as an anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), offers methanol oxidation reaction current density of 15[Formula: see text]A/g and low onset potential. Symmetric supercapacitor developed using CNOT in 3[Formula: see text]M KOH solution offers 0.9[Formula: see text]V potential window, and 32.66[Formula: see text]Fg[Formula: see text] specific capacitance at 2.5[Formula: see text]A/g. Whereas, symmetric supercapacitor CNOT//CNOT in PVA/KOH hydrogel polymer electrolyte provides a broader window of 1.4[Formula: see text]V, with specific capacitance of 87.331[Formula: see text]Fg[Formula: see text], and very high energy and power density of 23.77[Formula: see text]Wh/kg and 1808.87[Formula: see text]W/kg, respectively, at 2.5[Formula: see text]A/g. The hydrogel polymer electrolyte (PVA/KOH) outperforms aqueous 3[Formula: see text]M KOH by providing a larger window, higher capacitance, excellent energy and power density. Thus, the hybrid electrode provides synergistic effects of the electro-active NiCo2O4, NiO and MXene nanosheets and exhibits versatility in DMFC and symmetric supercapacitor.
Searching for gravitationally amplified interstellar laser signals
Authors: Turyshev Slava G.
Published: September 2024

We consider interstellar power transmission facilitated by gravitational lensing. Our study explores realistic scenarios for signal transmission and relevant detection strategies. We determine that optimal link efficiency is achieved in lensing geometries where the transmitter, lens, and receiver are closely aligned. Our findings confirm the feasibility of interstellar power transmission via gravitational lensing. Additionally, we demonstrate that laser signals, amplified by nearby stellar gravitational lenses, can be detected using established photonics and optical engineering technologies. The search for these transmitted laser signals can be conducted by networks of collaborative astronomical facilities, utilizing both ground-based and space-based instruments, thereby directly contributing to ongoing optical Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) efforts.
Chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions: The present and future
Authors: Kharzeev Dmitri E. , Liao Jinfeng , Tribedy Prithwish
Published: September 2024

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a collective quantum phenomenon that arises from the interplay between gauge field topology and fermion chiral anomaly, encompassing a wide range of physical systems from semimetals to quark-gluon plasma. This paper, with a focus on CME and related effects in heavy ion collisions, aims to provide an introductory discussion on its conceptual foundation and measurement methodology, a timely update on the present status in terms of experimental findings and theoretical progress, as well as an outlook into the open problems and future developments.
Effects of Wheel Flats on Vibration and Stress Response of the Wheel-Rail System in High-Speed Trains
Authors: Dong Ziyu , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Kun , Wang Yan
Published: September 2024

With the advancement of high-speed and lightweight vehicles, the occurrence of wheel tread wear, including wheel flats, has escalated. The resulting impact loads on axle-end components and the dynamic response of the axle cannot be overlooked. On-track tests were conducted on wheel flats to obtain wheel-rail forces, axle box vibration accelerations, and axle stresses during service. Time–frequency analysis was employed to uncover patterns of variation with speed. Additionally, a dynamic model of the high-speed train–track system was developed to replicate test conditions, investigating the characteristics of wheel–rail loads and structural elastic vibrations under high-frequency excitation for various flat sizes and higher operating speeds. The findings reveal that under wheel flats, the time-domain response of the wheel–rail system exhibits periodic impacts, while the frequency-domain shows high-frequency energy comprising multiple harmonics of the wheel rotation frequency. Wheel–rail forces, axle box vibration accelerations, and axle stresses exhibit inflection points with increasing speed, particularly within the 120–160 km/h range. In the high-frequency domain, axle stresses display characteristic frequencies that remain unchanged with speed, attributed to the coupled vertical bending vibration modes of the wheel–rail system. These research results offer foundational support for predicting fatigue damage to axle-end components, assessing axle stress, and establishing tolerances for tread defect limits.
Evaluation of Inherent Damping Feature of Beam Structure Based on Complex Modulus
Authors: Bai Taoping , Zhang Songhan , Liang Lin
Published: September 2024

Structural damping, which has been widely used to quantify the energy dissipation of engineering structures, plays an important role in dynamic analysis during the design phase and the assessment of existing structures. However, the development of an accurate damping model remains an open question due to the unclear mechanism. In this study, structural damping was identified based on loss factors for beam structures, which were used for presenting the damping behavior during vibrations. The equation of motion for the bending deformation of a Timoshenko beam was derived, accounting for the material damping. To identify the loss factor of the beam from the response signals at a limited number of measurement points, an inverse algorithm based on wave coefficient estimation was developed, considering the numerical stability for data interpretation. Based on the proposed loss factor identification method, several beam models with different shapes of cross-sections were investigated, focusing on the feasibility of the method of varying cross-section cases. Comparing the spectral element model with the loss factor and the finite element model with Rayleigh damping, it was confirmed that the loss factor can better describe the actual energy dissipation behavior of the structure. It provides a more accurate theoretical model for estimating structural damping in practical engineering.
Exact Solution of Nonlinear TVMD Based on Maximizing Damping Enhancement Effect for Acceleration Response Control
Authors: Huang Jian , Hao Linfei , Tan Ping
Published: September 2024

The tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) exhibits superior control effect and energy dissipation capability compared to the viscous damper (VD). Existing literature has primarily focused on the control of absolute acceleration response in structures by linear TVMD, with limited research on nonlinear damper for controlling structural performance and efficiency. This study proposes a methodology for determining the optimal parameters of linear TVMD. The closed-form solution of the nonlinear TVMD is derived through stochastic linearization based on the linear TVMD, aiming to minimize the damping ratio of TVMD by utilizing the damping enhancement effect of the system. For lightly damped structures, the closed-form solution remains a reliable method for accurately approximating TVMD design parameters. Compared to traditional fixed-point theory, the TVMD developed through the proposed methodology demonstrates superior control performance, especially in terms of absolute acceleration, with a smaller damping ratio and minimal deviation from the optimal state of the TVMD. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of the damping index on the optimal parameters and the efficacy of the TVMD in vibration control. It is observed that reducing the damping index can improve structural performance, particularly in long-period structures with small mass ratios, although it may reduce the efficiency of the TVMD. Notably, TVMDs with lower mass ratios maintain higher efficiency regardless of the structural natural period. The damping index does not affect the optimal frequency ratio or the mean square response. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the optimization method is displayed through the examination of response spectra following 22 real seismic events, showcasing its adaptability across various structural types. The comparison of the root-mean-square response between the VD and TVMD across different periods shows consistent results, with a maximum deviation of only 10%. The TVMD is highly effective at regulating the structural response, excelling particularly in controlling the absolute acceleration of long-period structures, where it reduces maximum absolute acceleration by 20% more than displacement. The proposed exact solution rapidly and precisely identifies the design parameters of nonlinear TVMD by the desired specifications, thereby offering theoretical guidance for practical engineering applications.
Discrete Element Analysis of the Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of Ballasted Track on Bridges Under Train Loading
Authors: Qian Zhongxia , Xiao Hong , Kong Chao , Wei Shaolei , Chi Yihao , Zhang Yawen , Nadakatti Mahantesh M.
Published: September 2024

The operation and service performance of ballasted track on bridges face significant challenges due to high-speed railway train operations. To investigate the mechanical characteristics of ballasted track on bridges, field experiments were conducted. A coupling model of ballasted track on a simply-supported girder bridge was established using the coupling method of discrete element and multi-flexible body dynamics and analyzes the changes in ballast bed settlement deformation, stiffness and energy with increasing load cycles. The findings reveal that dynamic loading alters the original contact state of ballast particles, displaying notable anisotropy vertically and longitudinally and isotropy horizontally. The vibration of ballast particles on bridges is more pronounced than on the subgrade, with vibration acceleration under the sleeper at 150[Formula: see text]mm depth on the bridge being 2.89 times that on the subgrade foundation. As the system stabilizes, the interlocking effect among granular ballast particles strengthens, reducing mutual sliding and increasing ballast bed stiffness by approximately 7.8–9.5% compared to the initial state, while total energy and dissipated energy gradually decrease. It is recommended to monitor the quality of ballast particles under the sleeper of ballasted tracks on bridges, implement vibration mitigation measures, or periodically replace ballast particles.
Simple bounds on the most predictable component of a stochastic model
Authors: Delsole Timothy , Tippett Michael K.
Published: September 2024

Special combinations of variables can have more predictability than any single variable in the combination. What is the maximum possible predictability that can be achieved through such combinations? Recently, this question was answered in the context of a linear stochastic model with fixed dynamics, where a sharp upper bound on predictability time was derived. However, the precise maximum is a complicated function of the entire spectrum of dynamical eigenvalues, obscuring any simple relation between predictability and eigenmodes. Based on numerical solutions of specific cases, it is conjectured here that the predictability of a stochastic model with a given least damped mode is bounded above by the predictability of a model in which all dynamical eigenvalues coalesce to the value corresponding to the least damped mode. Furthermore, it is shown that in this limit the maximum predictability time is determined by the largest root of a Laguerre polynomial. This result is used to prove the following simple bound: The maximum predictability time in the limit of coalesced eigenvalues is at most 4D-6 times the predictability time of the least damped mode, where D is the number of dynamical eigenmodes and D exceeds 3.
Rigidity and triangularity of an exponential map
Authors: Sai Krishna P. M. S.
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of arbitrary characteristic, [Formula: see text] be a domain, and K = frac(A). Then

(1) All exponential maps of [Formula: see text] are rigid, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the triangularity of [Formula: see text]. (2) If [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is rigid and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the triangularity of [Formula: see text].

When [Formula: see text] is of zero characteristic, [Formula: see text] is due to [D. Daigle, A necessary and sufficient condition for triangulability of derivations of [Formula: see text], J. Pure Appl. Algebra 113(3) (1996) 297–305] and [Formula: see text] is due to [M. K. Keshari and S. A. Lokhande, A note on rigidity and triangulability of a derivation, J. Commut. Algebra 6(1) (2014) 95–100].
EFFECTS OF A WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISE PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND POSTURAL BALANCE OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: YU MI , KWON TAE-KYU
Published: September 2024

With the burgeoning elderly population, there is an escalating demand for effective and safe exercise programs to enhance physical performance and avert age-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise program on the physical performance and postural balance of older adults. The study enlisted 21 participants aged 65 and older, divided into three groups: WBV, foam mat (FM), and control. Over four weeks, participants engaged in a structured exercise regimen designed to improve lower limb muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, coordination, and postural balance. The low-impact, elderly-friendly program included resistance exercises tailored to each group’s conditions. Pre- and post-program evaluations comprised physical performance tests (chair stand, 2[Formula: see text]-min step, chair sit-and-reach, figure-of-8 walk) and postural balance assessments (limit of stability (LOS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), One Leg Stance (OLS)). Results showed significant improvements across all groups, with the WBV group exhibiting the most pronounced enhancements. WBV group improvements included a 62.8% increase in lower-limb muscle strength and a 31.7% rise in cardiovascular endurance. The WBV group also demonstrated the greatest advancements in postural stability and dynamic balance, as indicated by significant changes in OLS and TUG test times. These findings suggest WBV exercises can effectively enhance physical performance and balance in older adults, presenting a promising alternative to traditional exercise programs that may impose greater physical burdens. Further research with larger sample sizes and controlled variables is recommended to confirm these benefits and refine WBV exercise protocols.