bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições para a fisioterapia a partir dos pontos de vista das crianças
Authors: Santos Kadine Priscila Bender dos , Ferreira Valéria Silva
Published: July 2013

este relato de pesquisa teve como objetivo ouvir o que as crianças dizem sobre a fisioterapia. A pesquisa contou com a participação de sete crianças com doenças crônicas que faziam fisioterapia por tempo indeterminado, em um hospital e em um centro de fisioterapia. Essas crianças foram entrevistadas a partir de questionamentos relativos à doença, ao tratamento e sobre brincar durante a fisioterapia. Propôs-se pesquisar com as crianças e não sobre elas, tendo em vista que a infância é uma categoria social e que as doenças crônicas sugerem mais atenção quanto à qualidade de vida infantil. Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de uma aproximação efetiva com a educação, por meio da Sociologia da Infância, e da Saúde no âmbito de humanizar a relação entre fisioterapeuta e criança. Com os resultados, foi possível identificar que essas crianças relacionam a doença ao problema e à melhora, traduzindo a trajetória que a doença impõe em suas vidas. A doença é a geradora da hospitalização e do motivo de realizarem a fisioterapia, que é considerada o tratamento que atua no seu problema e objetiva sua melhora. As crianças deixam claro que querem brincar mais, sendo, assim, o planejar do brincar terapêutico nas clínicas e hospitais necessário. Conclui-se, portanto, que é indispensável incluir a terapia lúdica, para que brincar na fisioterapia seja prazeroso, estimulante, na tentativa de objetivar o brincar terapêutico. Esse é o desafio. Por esse viés, pode-se dizer que reabilitar, também, requer conhecimento pedagógico.
Comunicação Alternativa no contexto educacional: conhecimento de professores
Authors: Carnevale Luciana Branco , Berberian Ana Paula , Moraes Paola Dias de , Krüger Simone
Published: July 2013

este estudo investigou a visão de profissionais da área pedagógica sobre a linguagem de crianças com paralisia cerebral sem fala oralizada e o conhecimento e/ou uso da Comunicação Alternativa (CA) nesses casos. Foram entrevistados vinte e três sujeitos atuantes numa escola especial situada no interior do Paraná e seis eixos de análise definidos a partir de seus depoimentos. Quanto aos resultados mais representativos predomina a visão de que a linguagem está presente através da gestualidade, da expressão facial e do olhar desses alunos. A fala é vista como instrumento expressivo da linguagem assumida como capacidade cognitiva de elaboração de conteúdos internos. Predomina o desconhecimento a respeito da CA e a ausência da utilização sistematizada de seus recursos impede que o aluno ocupe uma posição de "falante" e uma condição participativa no processo educativo. Os entrevistados reconhecem a necessidade de formação específica nessa área. Concluímos que há uma carência generalizada, por parte dos professores entrevistados, quanto ao conhecimento acerca da CA e das possibilidades de manifestação da linguagem de alunos com PC que não podem oralizar.
Objetos de Aprendizagem como recurso pedagógico em contextos inclusivos: subsídios para a formação de professores a distância
Authors: Bardy Lívia Raposo , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini , Schlünzen Elisa Tomoe Moriya , Seabra Júnior Manoel Osmar
Published: July 2013

esse artigo visa contribuir com o processo de inclusão de estudantes com deficiência no ensino regular ao relatar os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo verificar se os Objetos de Aprendizagem (OA) são ferramentas eficientes na construção do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos disciplinares, na perspectiva da educação inclusiva. Assim, foram analisadas vivências dos participantes, tutores e formadores de um curso a distância sobre Tecnologia Assistiva do Ministério da Educação (MEC) oferecido para professores das redes públicas de ensino do país por meio dos registros de atividades em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) denominado TelEduc e dos relatórios das turmas participantes do curso. Para a análise dos dados foram eleitas três categorias: a) interatividade e feedback da equipe formadora do curso; b) aplicabilidade do conteúdo abordado no curso e c) novas aprendizagens. Os resultados evidenciaram que os OA podem favorecer o aprendizado de conteúdos disciplinares, além de serem concebidos como um recurso pedagógico de apoio ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem e, em consequência, à inclusão educacional de pessoas com deficiência. Em relação ao processo de formação de professores na modalidade a distância o curso contribuiu para a concretização de uma formação sólida e eficiente dos participantes ao propiciar: a aproximação com o mundo tecnológico; a possibilidade de inserção das tecnologias em sala de aula; a realização de estudos teóricos e práticos; a valorização da diversidade e do potencial de todos os estudantes; inovações nas estratégias e recursos pedagógicos e reflexão na ação.
Processamento temporal em idosos: o efeito da habilidade de resolução temporal em tarefas de ordenação de série de sons
Authors: Mesquita Loriane Gratão de , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: verificar o efeito da habilidade de resolução temporal na ordenação temporal de uma serie de sons com tempo de estímulo e de intervalo inter-estímulo variado em uma população de idosos com ou sem perda auditiva. MÉTODO: 10 (dez) indivíduos idosos com perda auditiva de grau leve a moderado que faziam ou não uso de AASI e cinco idosos sem perda auditiva, com idade entre 60 e 80 anos foram submetidos aos testes de ordenação temporal de serie de sons com tom puro, denominado Teste padrão de Duração, e com tom musical, denominado teste de padrão de duração melódico, e o teste de resolução temporal Gaps-in-Noise ou teste GIN. RESULTADOS: a análise do teste de resolução temporal quanto à porcentagem de identificação correta mostra que o grupo sem perda possui maior porcentagem de identificação de gaps do que o grupo com perda. Assim, os indivíduos com perda auditiva tiveram piores limiares de detecção de Gaps (médias de 11,4 milissegundos) do que os indivíduos sem perda auditiva (4,6 milissegundos). Na analise de cada um dos testes de ordenação de serie de sons não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos. Não houve correlação significante entre o desempenho dos idosos sem e com perda auditiva entre os testes de processamento temporal. CONCLUSÃO: a habilidade de resolução temporal não interfere na habilidade de ordenação temporal de uma série de sons com tempos de duração de estímulos e intervalos inter-estimulos variados em idosos com ou sem perda auditiva.
Nutritional screening in surgical patients of a teaching hospital from Southern Brazil: the impact of nutritional risk in clinical outcomes
Authors: Garcia Rosane Scussel , Tavares Léa Regina da Cunha , Pastore Carla Alberici
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of nutritional risk in surgical patients of a teaching hospital and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with secondary data of surgical ward patients of the Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, from April to October, 2010. Patients were evaluated up to 36 hours after admission using the Malnutrition Screening Tool. RESULTS: The study included 565 patients, with a mean age of 52.8±15.6 years, and the majority (51%) was female. More than 30% of the patients presented with an average or high nutritional risk, and 7% of them were at high risk. Associated with the greater risk were aging, cancer surgery, and mortality. The length of hospital stay showed a linear increase according to nutritional risk. CONCLUSION: The Malnutrition Screening Tool is a simple and effective tool for nutritional screening that does not require anthropometric measurements. In this study, average or high nutritional risk was prevalent in one third of the sample, and was related to increased mortality, hospital stay, cancer, and aging. Nutritional care outpatients´ protocols could be used prior to elective surgery to reduce the nutritional risk of these patients, improving clinical outcomes and reducing length and costs of hospital stay.
Epidemiology of total hip and knee replacement: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lenza Mario , Ferraz Silvia de Barros , Viola Dan Carai Maia , Garcia Filho Reynaldo Jesus , Cendoroglo Neto Miguel , Ferretti Mario
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and adverse events of patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study retrospectively assessing medical chart data of all total hip and total knee replacements performed at a private hospital, between January 2007 and December 2010 Patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement, with consent of surgeons were included. Incomplete records and/or missing data of the hospital database were excluded. The categorical variables analyzed were age, gender, type of arthroplasty (primary or secondary), type of procedure, duration of surgery, use of drains, risk of infection, compliance to protocol for prevention of deep venous thrombosis and embolism pulmonary, and compliance to the protocol for prevention of infection. The outcomes assessed were adverse events after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 510 patients were included; in that, 166 admissions for knee replacements (92 male) and 344 admissions for hip replacements (176 female). The mean age of patients was 71 years (range 31-99 years). Adverse events were reported in 76 patients (14.9%); there was no correlation between assessed variables and number of complications. CONCLUSION: The results showed no individual factors favoring complications in patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement; hence, surgeons should consider prophylaxis to avoid complications.
Comparative, prospective, and randomized study between urotherapy and the pharmacological treatment of children with urinary incontinence
Authors: Campos Renata Martins , Gugliotta Antonio , Ikari Osamu , Perissinoto Maria Carolina , Lúcio Adélia Correia , Miyaoka Ricardo , D'Ancona Carlos Arturo Levi
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To verify and compare the results of behavioral modification plus pelvic floor muscle training and behavioral modifications plus oxybutynin chloride in children with nonmonosymptomatic enuresis. METHODS: A total of 47 children were randomized using opaque and sealed envelopes sequentially numbered. Group I was composed of 21 children who underwent antimuscarinic treatment (oxybutynin), and Group II was composed of 26 patients who underwent pelvic floor muscle training. Both groups were instructed as to behavioral modifications. RESULTS: The voiding diary results were compared each month between Groups I and II. In the first month of treatment, children in Group I presented 12.2 dry nights, 13.4 in the second month, and 15.9 in the last month. In Group II, the results were: 14.9 dry nights in the first month, 20.8 dry nights in the second and 24.0 dry nights in the last month. There was a significant difference between the groups in second and third months. CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor exercises associated with behavioral changes were more effective than pharmacological treatment in children with urinary incontinence.
Quality of life and functional capacity of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Alves Janice Chaim , Bassitt Debora Pastore
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To correlate functional ability and quality of life of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study composed of 40 elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. We used the following instruments: identification questionnaire, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD). The significance level was 0.05 (5%), and confidence intervals were 95%. For statistical analysis we used parametric statistical tests, descriptive analysis, test for equality of two proportions, Pearson's correlation, correlation test, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean age (± standard deviation) was 74.1 (±6.7) years, and 47.5% of patients had osteoarthritis in both knees. Moderate pain was reported by 45% of patients when they walked on a flat plane and 40% when they were seated or lying down; 55% had severe or very severe pain when climbing or descending stairs; 50% reported moderate joint stiffness after sitting, lying, or resting; and 65% reported moderate or little stiffness after waking. In physical function, 60% of patients had moderate or severe difficulty in descending stairs and 67.5%, when climbing stairs; 60% reported severe or very severe difficulty in getting in and out of the car, and 70%, when performing strenuous housework. The correlation with WHOQOL-OLD and WOMAC was negative and not significant except for autonomy, which was significant. Sedentary and elderly women who used walking aid devices had worse WOMAC functional capacity, but this finding was not statistically significant. In WHOQOL-OLD, volunteers scored higher on social participation and engagement in physical activity on autonomy, which was statistically significant compared with the nonvoluntary and sedentary domains, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is possible to have a good quality of life even with functional impairment from knee osteoarthritis.
Treatment of breast cancer patients from a public healthcare system in a private center: costs of care for a pilot public-private partnership in oncology
Authors: Kaliks Rafael Aliosha , Pontes Lucíola de Barros , Bognar Cinthia Leite Frizzera Borges , Santos Kelly Cristine Carvalho , Bromberg Sílvio Eduardo , Amaral Paulo Gustavo Tenório do , Karnakis Theodora , Chen Michael , Andrade Cláudia Toledo de , Dantas Joacira , Escobosa Daísa de Mesquita , Del Giglio Auro
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To describe the flow and costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer who come from the public healthcare system and were treated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. METHODS: Between August 2009, and December 2011, 51 patients referred by the Unified Public Healthcare System (SUS) had access to Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein for diagnostic radiology, medical oncology, radiotherapy, and oncologic/breast reconstruction surgery. The data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records, patient charts, pharmacy records, and from the hospital billing system. RESULTS: The total sum spent for diagnosis and treatment of these 51 patients was US$ 1,457,500.00. This value encompassed expenses with a total of 85 hospitalizations, 2,875 outpatient visits, 16 emergency room visits, and all expenses associated with these stays at the hospital. The expenditure for treatment of each patient submitted to biopsy, breast conserving surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy without trastuzumab (a regime with taxane followed by anthracycline), radiotherapy, and 5 years of tamoxifen was approximately US$ 25,500.00. CONCLUSION: Strategies for cost-reduction of treatment in the private setting are necessary to enable future large-scale public-private partnerships in oncology.
Isolated rupture of the gallbladder following blunt abdominal trauma: case report
Authors: Epstein Marina Gabrielle , Silva Dorivaldo Lopes da , Elias Naim Carlos , Sica Gustavo Tricta Augusto , Fávaro Murillo de Lima , Ribeiro Junior Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle
Published: July 2013

Gallbladder rupture following blunt abdominal trauma is a rare event recognized on evaluation and treatment of other visceral injuries during laparotomy. Isolated gallbladder rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is even more uncommon. The clinical presentation of gallbladder injury is variable, resulting in a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a patient who suffered an isolated gallbladder rupture due to blunt abdominal trauma.
Allergic proctocolitis: the clinical evolution of a transitory disease with a familial trend. Case reports
Authors: Fagundes-Neto Ulysses , Ganc Arnaldo José
Published: July 2013

Allergic colitis is a clinical manifestation of food allergy during the first months of life. It is estimated that genetic factors play a role in the expression of this allergic disease. This case report described the clinical progress of infants who were cousins from two distinct family groups with allergic colitis. Five infants under six months of age and of both sexes were studied, with a diagnosis of allergic colitis characterized clinically and histologically by (1) rectal bleeding; (2) exclusion of infectious causes of colitis; (3) disappearance of symptoms after elimination of cow's milk and dairy products from the child's and/or the mother's diet. Patients were submitted to the following diagnostic investigation: complete blood count; stool culture; parasitologic examination of stools; rectoscopy or colonoscopy; and rectal biopsy. Patient age varied from 40 days to six months; three were males. All patients presented with complaints of intense colic and rectal bleeding. The colonoscopy showed presence of hyperemia of the mucosa with microerosions and spontaneous bleeding upon the procedure. Microscopy revealed the existence of colitis with eosinophilia >20 e/HPF. Patients were treated with a hypoallergenic formula and showed remission of symptoms. After one year of age, all were submitted to an oral challenge with a milk formula and presented food tolerance. Allergic colitis is a disease with evident genetic inheritance and a temporary character.
Un modelo exactamente soluble para los marcadores en partidos de voleibol
Authors: González Diego Luis
Published: July 2013

Se desarrolla un modelo analítico simple para cuantificar la probabilidad P A S de que un equipo A gane un set dado al equipo B en un partido de voleibol. También se calcula la probabilidad P A M de que el equipo A gane el partido. Ambas probabilidades son funciones de un único parámetro P, el cual representa la probabilidad de que el equipo B marque un punto al equipo B en un rally. El modelo se interpreta en términos del bien conocido problema de la marcha aleatoria unidimensional, estableciendo conexiones entre las ecuaciones que describen ambos problemas. Se estudia además el impacto de la norma de finalización de los set con 25 puntos en la eficiencia del sistema de puntuación. Finalmente, a partir del modelo se determina la probabilidad de que el equipo masculino de voleibol de Colombia gane cuando se enfrenta a algunos de los mejores equipos sudamericanos.
Quão porosa deve ser uma rocha para que seja permeável?
Authors: Cunha Andre Rafael , Fernandes Celso Peres , Santos Lus Orlando Emerich dos
Published: July 2013

Nesta breve nota, visamos a introdução de alguns conceitos e operações importantes sobre a aplicações das teorias da percolação e da renormalização ao estudo de meios porosos. A exposição em forma de problema/solução intenta um viés didático e não exaustivo. Referências mais abrangentes são fornecidas no fim.
Exemplos de configurações centrais planares encaixantes
Authors: Fernandes Antonio Carlos , Mello Luis Fernando , Silva Malú Maira da
Published: July 2013

Neste artigo estudamos configurações centrais planares encaixantes para o problema de n corpos em mecânica celeste quando n = 4, n = 8 e n = 12. Determinamos condições suficientes para a existência de tais configurações com os corpos nos vértices de quadrados com centros coincidentes e os comprimentos dos lados satisfazendo relações analticas explcitas. As massas dos corpos nos vértices de cada quadrado devem ser iguais.
O bóson de Higgs
Authors: Pimenta Jean Júnio Mendes , Belussi Lucas Francisco Bosso , Natti Érica Regina Takano , Natti Paulo Laerte
Published: July 2013

O bóson de Higgs foi predito em 1964 pelo fsico britânico Peter Higgs. O Higgs representa a chave para explicar a origem da massa das outras partículas elementares da natureza. Entretanto, somente com a entrada em funcionamento do LHC, em 2008, houve condições tecnológicas para a procura pelo bóson de Higgs. Recentemente, num grande esforço internacional realizado no CERN, por meio dos experimentos ATLAS e CMS, foi observada uma nova partícula bosônica na região de 125 GeV. Neste artigo, por meio dos conhecidos mecanismos de quebra de simetria que ocorrem na teoria BCS da supercondutividade e na teoria do emparelhamento nuclear, discute-se o mecanismo de Higgs no modelo padrão. Enfim, apresentamos a situação atual da procura pelo bóson de Higgs e as teorias alternativas e extensões do modelo padrão para a fsica de partículas elementares.
Nova metodologia para aferição da temperatura final de hastes metálicas em um experimento de dilatação térmica linear
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno , Dias Júnior Mário M. , Batalha Weverson C. , Nascimento Gabriel S. , Monteiro Felipe S.
Published: July 2013

Para realizar o estudo da expansão térmica em diversos materiais é necessário conhecer o seu coeficiente de dilatação linear, mas em alguns casos é difícil medir a temperatura final do corpo em estudo. Descrevemos uma atividade experimental de baixo custo com o objetivo de mostrar uma metodologia de medição e ensino que resolva o problema da aferição desta temperatura final. A metodologia desenvolvida utiliza materiais de fácil acesso e o resultado encontrado, bastante satisfatório, é descrito ao longo deste trabalho. O valor do coeficiente de dilatação medido experimentalmente para o cobre foi igual a (1,70 +0,32)x10-5 °C-1.
La introducción del concepto de fotón en bachillerato
Authors: Savall Alemany Francisco , Domènech Blanco Josep Lluís , Martínez Torregrosa Joaquín
Published: July 2013

La investigación didáctica ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la historia de la ciencia en el diseño y desarrollo de unidades didácticas, tanto por su valor para favorecer el aprendizaje como por su contribución a las actitudes de los estudiantes y a la imagen que se forman de la ciencia. La aparición de la hipótesis cuántica a principios del siglo XX introdujo a la física en una crisis profunda. La necesidad de recurrir al carácter discreto de la distribución de la energía violaba todo lo que establecían el electromagnetismo y la mecánica. Hemos probado que la enseñanza habitual está lejos de dar cuenta de los problemas que se tuvieron que superar hasta la aceptación del concepto de fotón por parte de la comunidad científica, lo cual dificulta el aprendizaje. Para hacerlo hemos realizado una investigación histórica con intencionalidad didáctica a la luz de la cual hemos analizado los libros de física de 2° de bachillerato de uso más extendido.
Luiz Freire: semeador de vocações científicas
Authors: Videira Antonio Augusto Passos , Vieira Cássio Leite
Published: July 2013

Este artigo apresenta breve análise da vida e obra do engenheiro pernambucano Luiz Freire, com destaque para sua reconhecida capacidade de descobrir e incentivar jovens talentos na área de ciência e para seu interesse na área de raios cósmicos. No apêndice, há a reprodução de um texto de Freire para o Diário de Pernambuco sobre raios cósmicos - possivelmente, o primeiro escrito na imprensa brasileira sobre esse tema.
Steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes: part 1: technological analysis of the mechanical behavior
Authors: Figueiredo A. D. de , Fuente A. de la , Aguado A. , Molins C. , Chama Neto P. J.
Published: July 2013

This paper is the first part of an extensive work focusing the technological development of steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes (FRCP). Here is presented and discussed the experimental campaign focusing the test procedure and the mechanical behavior obtained for each of the dosages of fiber used. In the second part ("Steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Part 2: Numerical model to simulate the crushing test"), the aspects of FRCP numerical modeling are presented and analyzed using the same experimental results in order to be validated. This study was carried out trying to reduce some uncertainties related to FRCP performance and provide a better condition to the use of these components. In this respect, an experimental study was carried out using sewage concrete pipes in full scale as specimens. The diameter of the specimens was 600 mm, and they had a length of 2500 mm. The pipes were reinforced with traditional bars and different contents of steel fibers in order to compare their performance through the crushing test. Two test procedures were used in that sense. In the 1st Series, the diameter displacement was monitored by the use of two LVDTs positioned at both extremities of the pipes. In the 2nd Series, just one LVDT is positioned at the spigot. The results shown a more rigidity response of the pipe during tests when the displacements were measured at the enlarged section of the socket. The fiber reinforcement was very effective, especially when low level of displacement was imposed to the FRCP. At this condition, the steel fibers showed an equivalent performance to superior class pipes made with traditional reinforced. The fiber content of 40 kg/m3 provided a hardening behavior for the FRCP, and could be considered as equivalent to the critical volume in this condition.
Simplified damage models applied in the numerical analysis of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Pituba J. J. C. , Lacerda M. M. S.
Published: July 2013

This work presents one and two-dimensional numerical analyses using isotropic and anisotropic damage models for the concrete in order to discuss the advantages of these modeling. Initially, it is shortly described the damage model proposed by Mazars. This constitutive model assumes the concrete as isotropic and elastic material, where locally the damage is due to extensions. On the other hand, the damage model proposed by Pituba, the material is assumed as initial elastic isotropic medium presenting anisotropy, plastic strains and bimodular response (distinct elastic responses whether tension or compression stress states prevail) induced by the damage. To take into account for bimodularity two damage tensors governing the rigidity in tension and compression regimes, respectively, are introduced. Damage activation is expressed by two criteria indicating the initial and further evolution of damage. Soon after, the models are used in numerical analyses of the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete structures. Accordingly with comparison of the obtained responses, considerations about the application of the isotropic and anisotropic damage models are presented for 1D and 2D reinforced concrete structures modeling as well as the potentialities of the simplified versions of damage models applied in situations of structural engineering.
A variable limit for the instability parameter of wall-frame or core-frame bracing structures
Authors: Ellwanger R. J.
Published: July 2013

This work aims to investigate the viability and convenience of adopting a variable limit α1 for the instability parameter of buildings with reinforced concrete wall-frame or core-frame structures. Initially, the evolution of tall buildings global stability theory is summarized, giving emphasis to define when a second order analysis is needed. The treatment given to this subject by the present Brazilian code for concrete structures design (NBR 6118:2007) is also showed. It follows a detailed analytical study that led to the derivation of an equation for the variable limit α1; a series of examples is presented to check its accuracy. Results are analyzed, showing the validity bounds of the equation and research directions are suggested, in order to improve it.
A formação como "tessitura da intriga": diálogos entre Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Bragança Inês Ferreira de Souza ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Published: July 2013

Problematiza a formação de professores(as), buscando sentidos de uma epistemologia de formação que incorpore a vida dos sujeitos, em toda sua complexidade existencial, como componente fundamental do processo formativo. Em um contexto de investigação-formação, tomamos as biografias educativas de seis professoras em Portugal e seis no Brasil como uma alternativa na tematização da vida como espaço/tempo de formação. No desenvolvimento, encontramos vestígios de que o processo formador se torna inteligível em uma perspectiva que entretece os diferentes episódios em tessitura, onde as intrigas são articuladas na experiência narrativa. Reafirmamos, também, a docência como "lugar de memória" e a contribuição do registro da história de vida, transformando biografia em herança.
Ações afirmativas no ensino superior: análise do perfil socioeconômico e da experiência universitária de bolsistas do ProUni na PUC-Rio
Authors: Santos Clarissa Tagliari ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Published: July 2013

Analisa a inserção universitária de beneficiados pelo Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). De iniciativa do governo federal, o ProUni tem como objetivo ampliar o acesso da população de baixa renda à educação superior brasileira. A amostra de pesquisa incluiu estudantes ingressantes de três cursos dessa universidade no período de 2005 a 2010. A partir de questionários e entrevistas, buscou-se traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos alunos beneficiados e apresentar os principais incentivos e dificuldades para a permanência. Os resultados sugerem que o programa funcionou como um mecanismo positivo de inclusão na instituição de grupos historicamente excluídos da educação superior, mas alertam para a importância de mecanismos que garantam a conclusão do curso.
A expansão das fronteiras da educação pública superior: uma análise da experiência da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul em Laranjeiras do Sul
Authors: Mohr Naira Estela Roesler ,   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Monteiro Felipe Mattos , Costa Joaquim Gonçalves , Oliveira João Costa de ,   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul,   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
Published: July 2013

Pretende observar o processo de criação e consolidação da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, no campus de Laranjeiras do Sul, Estado do Paraná, que desde sua origem vem propondo dispositivos de combate às desigualdades sociais e regionais. Situa o contexto de construção da Universidade, discorrendo sobre as estratégias utilizadas para garantir as condições de acesso e permanência no ensino superior, especialmente da população proveniente da escola pública. Busca também refletir em que medida as ações afirmativas estão conseguindo se materializar de forma efetiva no interior da instituição, a partir da análise dos dados acadêmicos do primeiro ano letivo. O diálogo resultante desses elementos aponta avanços, limites e muitos desafios, que deverão constar no debate permanente da construção política e pedagógica da Universidade.
Significados da noção de qualidade da educação na arena educacional brasileira
Authors: Gusmão Joana Buarque
Published: July 2013

Compartilha resultados de pesquisa pautada pelo seguinte problema de investigação: "O que está em jogo nas noções de qualidade da educação para alguns dos principais atores sociais do campo educacional?" A partir da delineação de uma arena composta por atores sociais situados no Estado, na sociedade civil e em organismos multilaterais, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com seus integrantes, abordando perguntas relativas às razões de a qualidade da educação estar em pauta, à concepção de qualidade e às disputas subjacentes à noção. Concluiu-se que está em jogo nas noções de qualidade da educação a redução das desigualdades educacionais, vista por dois prismas: 1) a elevação do desempenho dos estudantes nas provas de larga escala; e 2) a garantia de condições de ensino que conduzam a uma formação ampla dos estudantes.
Arranjos institucionais entre o poder público municipal e instituições privadas para oferta de vagas na educação infantil
Authors: Oliveira Jaqueline dos Santos ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Borghi Raquel Fontes ,   Unesp
Published: July 2013

Apresenta um mapeamento das parcerias/convênios entre o poder público municipal e a esfera privada para a oferta de vagas na educação infantil nos municípios paulistas grandes. O estudo permitiu identificar diferentes arranjos institucionais entre o poder público municipal e as instituições privadas, em que 30, dos 54 municípios paulistas grandes, recorrem ao atendimento conveniado como forma de atender a demanda local, inclusive com instituições de finalidade lucrativa, diferenciando-se das tradicionais formas de convênios instituídas na educação infantil. O texto baseia-se na análise de literatura sobre a temática e os dados coletados durante a pesquisa, a partir de contatos telefônicos direto com os gestores municipais, sites oficiais dos municípios e sites governamentais.
A constituição dos sujeitos e a produção de conhecimentos: pontuações acerca da pesquisa sobre o livro didático de história
Authors: Lima Elicio Gomes ,   Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo
Published: July 2013

Discute algumas dimensões acerca da pesquisa sobre o livro didático de história e recorre como ponto de partida ao processo de constituição do sujeito que aprende e sua respectiva produção do conhecimento, não simplesmente como output do ideário desejado pelo sistema capitalista. Utilizou-se como dimensão de tratamento do objeto a pesquisa qualitativa, enriquecida por etapas procedimentais centradas em levantamento bibliográfico de literatura especializada da área. O texto conclui que no processo ensino-aprendizagem os sujeitos (educandos, educadores) não se reduzem a meros objetos, mas se constituem uma totalidade histórico-social que se manifesta dinamicamente por meio da linguagem, do contexto social, de suas experiências, construindo e ampliando suas visões de mundo dentro dessa totalidade.
Apreensão dos sentidos: aprimorando a proposta dos núcleos de significação
Authors: Aguiar Wanda Maria Junqueira de ,   PUCSP, Ozella Sergio ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Published: July 2013

Pretende aprimorar uma proposta de análise dos sentidos presentes no discurso, já publicada em 2006 pelos mesmos autores. Na primeira parte, é destacada a importância do referencial teórico e metodológico, no caso o da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, e suas implicações para a apreensão dos sentidos. Para isso, discute algumas categorias, como mediação, historicidade, sentido e significado. Na segunda parte, é retomada a proposta já feita dos núcleos de significação como meio de se apreender os sentidos, mas à luz de novas reflexões e teorizações. Para ilustrar a forma de proceder à análise, um novo exemplo é apresentado, sendo que, nesse processo, foi possível avançar tanto no que se refere aos procedimentos de análise de material discursivo quanto na teorização essencial a todo o processo.
Modelling of solid and hollow voussoir FlexiArch systems
Authors: Bourke John , Taylor Su , Robinson Des , Long Adrian
Published: July 2013

This paper investigates the use of solid and hollow core voussoir blocks in an innovative FlexiArch bridge system. The system is formed from precast concrete voussoirs connected by a polymeric reinforcement, enabling the arch to be built and transported as a flat pack and lifted into shape after delivery to site, thus avoiding the use of centring for construction. This research is novel in that it trials and compares the use of hollow core and solid FlexiArch rings in third-scale models with granular backfill. The use of hollow core voussoirs reduces the loading on the polymeric reinforcement during construction and should allow for increased spans. This paper presents the test results of two similar third-scale 5 m × 2 m (span × rise) arch systems, using both solid and hollow construction. The use of hollow core voussoir blocks reduces the weight of the system. Non-linear finite-element analysis (NLFEA) has been used to further compare arch behaviour and the thrustline position.
Rapid construction of arch bridges using the innovative FlexiArch
Authors: Long Adrian , Kirkpatrick Jim , Gupta Abhey , Nanukuttan Sreejith , Polin Daniel Mc
Published: July 2013

Masonry arches are strong, durable, aesthetically pleasing and largely maintenance free, yet since 1900 there has been a dramatic decline in their use. However, designers, contractors and clients now have access to a new method of constructing arches incorporating precast concrete voussoirs interconnected via polymeric reinforcement and a concrete screed. No centring is necessary, as the FlexiArch, when it is lifted, transforms under the forces of gravity into the desired arch shape. After discussing general aspects of innovation, the basic concept of the arch bridge system is presented along with technological advances since it was patented. Experiences gained from building over 40 FlexiArch bridges in the UK and Ireland and from model and full-scale tests carried out to validate the system during installation and in service are described. Thus under load the system behaves like a traditional masonry arch and existing analysis methods can be used for design and assessment.
The Limits of Evidence-Based Medicine and Its Application to Mental Health Evidence-Based Practice: Part One
Authors: Gomory Tomi
Published: July 2013

The present article outlines the major limitations of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and through a close review demonstrates that the three component EBM process model is a pseudoscientific tool. Its “objective” component is the collection, systematic analysis, and listing of “effective” treatments applying a research hierarchy from most rigorous (systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) to least rigorous (expert opinion). Its two subjective components are the clinical judgment of helping professionals about which “evidence-based” treatment to select and the specific and unique relevant personal preferences of the potential recipients regarding treatment. This procedural mishmash provides no more rigor in choosing “best practice” than has been provided by good clinical practitioners in the past because both turn out to be subjective and authority based. The article also discusses EBM’s further methodological dilution in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) endorsed Evidence-Based Mental Health Practice (EBP) movement. In EBP, the allegedly rigorous EBM protocol is altered. Instead of systematic expert protocol-driven EBM reviews of RCTs, NIMH sanctioned expert consensus panels decide “evidence-based practices.” This further problematizes the development of best practices in mental health by converting it to a political process. The article concludes with some observations on these issues. In a second article (part two) forthcoming, assertive community treatment (ACT) is examined as an example of an EBP that fails as a scientifically effective treatment despite its EBP certification and general popularity among practitioners.
What’s Wrong With Psychiatry in Plain English?
Authors: Jacobs David H.
Published: July 2013

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (5th ed.; DSM-5) Task Force’s recommendation to reduce the limit of normal bereavement to 2 weeks has provoked a wave of negative public and professional reaction not seen since the 1960s and 1970s. I argue that the Task Force is correct to insist that excuses have no place in medicine, which is how psychiatry promotes itself, and therefore for the sake of consistency, bereavement should not count as the only exception to what would otherwise be diagnosed as a mental disorder. But the reclassification of bereavement as mental disorder should focus attention on psychiatry’s overall inability to clearly say what they are talking about when they refer to mental disorder and to provide objective evidentiary grounds for detecting “its” presence. Detecting something is illusory (think of witches) if there is no way to distinguish between true-positive detection and false-positive detection.
Resolving the Trouble With Schizophrenic Thinking
Authors: Whitaker Leighton C.
Published: July 2013

Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler declared in 1911 that the primary trouble in the “schizophrenias” is the thinking disorder. Now, a century later, epidemiologic evidence shows that the prevailing disease model is misleading and that the somatic treatments are more damaging than helpful because they rapidly increase disability rates and fail to help patients achieve adaptive thinking ability crucial for fully functioning living. Schizophrenia is claimed to be a disease like diabetes although the “newer antipsychotics” can cause actual diabetes.

Empathizing with and understanding the characteristic dynamic gestalt of terror, loneliness, hopelessness, and need for witting awareness can lead to developing crucial thinking ability as terror becomes intense constructive motivation to learn. This orientation, fundamentally opposite in direction from the standard drug treatment, is illustrated with several examples of persons hospitalized for schizophrenic breakdowns. When unhampered by the prevailing drug treatment and focused on the central interpersonal issues, psychotherapy can lead to high levels of adaptive thinking ability in what were persons with severe psychosis. Consequently, persons with schizophrenia can experience for themselves that schizophrenia is neither incurable nor a disease.
Cognitive Fears and Psychoanalytic Phobias
Authors: Karon Bertram P. , Widener Anmarie J.
Published: July 2013

Today, most psychologists and psychiatrists diagnose any excessive fear as a phobia. But psychoanalysts make an important distinction: True phobias must be inconsistent with the conscious learning experiences of the individual, that is, they involve unconscious meanings. Severe fears that are not true phobias respond well to cognitive behavior therapies, for example, deconditioning or exposure. But true phobias do not respond to deconditioning alone; they do respond well to psychoanalytic therapy which makes conscious their unconscious meaning.
Psychiatry as Ideology
Authors: McLaren Niall
Published: July 2013

Background:The current psychiatric literature carries numerous papers arguing that the correct approach to mental disorder is to see it as a special form of brain disorder, whose precise biochemical and genetic causes will be revealed by the normal methods of laboratory science. In particular, these claims are repeated in numerous papers outlining and advocating the new Research Domain Criteria project of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.

Material:An extensive search of the literature shows that not one of these biologically oriented papers ever provides citations or references to authorities such that the claim “mental disorder is brain disorder” is established to the standard required of valid scientific claims.

Discussion:As it stands, the notion that mental disorder is brain disorder is unsubstantiated. In particular, no authorities in the field of biological psychiatry have ever demonstrated that they have a formal theory of mental disorder, or a model of mental disorder to guide their daily practice, their teaching or their research.

Conclusion:This means that biological psychiatry has the status of an ideology only, and the many papers arguing its case meet the definition of propaganda.
Downhole Measurement and Monitoring Lead to an Enhanced Understanding of Drilling Vibrations and Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit Damage
Authors: Ledgerwood L.W.. W. , Jain Jayesh R. , Hoffmann Olivier J. , Spencer Reed W.
Published: July 2013

Since backward whirl was discovered as a severe cause of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit failure, the oil and gas industry has made great strides toward creating whirl-resistant bits and operating practices. But is whirl still the major cause of PDC bit damage in conventional rotary applications? This paper reports on a recent field study in which downhole vibrations were measured by use of a newly available in-bit vibration-monitoring device. The focus of this study was to understand the primary source of bit damage. In addition, four wells were also drilled by use of a research drilling rig in Oklahoma. In these tests, the PDC bits, bottomhole assemblies (BHAs), and operating parameters were varied to document their effect on downhole vibrations. In these four wells, vibration measurements from the new in-bit measuring device were validated against a commercially available and industry-proven measurement-while-drilling (MWD) vibration-monitoring service.

The results of this study indicate that the most common field vibration in hard-rock vertical conventional rotary drilling is stick/slip, not whirl. In field tests, stick/slip was observed almost exclusively. For typical field applications with a surface rotary speed of approximately 70 rpm, the team measured a peak downhole rpm as high as 500 during the slip phase. Stick/slip was identified as the primary cause of bit damage in these applications. Lateral vibration occurring during the slip phase correlated well with the observed damage and is proposed as a new mode of damage during stick/slip. The characterization of the lateral vibrations coupled with stick/slip is presented on the basis of downhole measurements.
An Efficient Implicit-Pressure/Explicit-Saturation-Method-Based Shifting-Matrix Algorithm To Simulate Two-Phase, Immiscible Flow in Porous Media With Application to CO2 Sequestration in the Subsurface
Authors: Salama Amgad , Sun Shuyu , El-Amin M.F.. F.
Published: July 2013

The flow of two or more immiscible fluids in porous media is widespread, particularly in the oil industry. This includes secondary and tertiary oil recovery and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Accurate predictions of the development of these processes are important in estimating the benefits and consequences of the use of certain technologies. However, this accurate prediction depends—to a large extent—on two things. The first is related to our ability to correctly characterize the reservoir with all its complexities; the second depends on our ability to develop robust techniques that solve the governing equations efficiently and accurately. In this work, we introduce a new robust and efficient numerical technique for solving the conservation laws that govern the movement of two immiscible fluids in the subsurface. As an example, this work is applied to the problem of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers; however, it can also be extended to incorporate more scenarios. The traditional solution algorithms to this problem are modeled after discretizing the governing laws on a generic cell and then proceed to the other cells within loops. Therefore, it is expected that calling and iterating these loops multiple times can take a significant amount of computer time. Furthermore, if this process is performed with programming languages that require repeated interpretation each time a loop is called, such as Matlab, Python, and others, much longer time is expected, particularly for larger systems. In this new algorithm, the solution is performed for all the nodes at once and not within loops. The solution methodology involves manipulating all the variables as column vectors. By use of shifting matrices, these vectors are shifted in such a way that subtracting relevant vectors produces the corresponding difference algorithm. It has been found that this technique significantly reduces the amount of central-processing-unit (CPU) time compared with a traditional technique implemented within the framework of Matlab.