bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating waves via measured ship responses
Authors: Nielsen Ulrik D. , Bingham Harry B. , Brodtkorb Astrid H. , Iseki Toshio , Jensen Jørgen J. , Mittendorf Malte , Mounet Raphaël E. G. , Shao Yanlin , Storhaug Gaute , Sørensen Asgeir J. , Takami Tomoki
Published: October 2023

Optimisation of energy efficiency and operational performance as well as assessment of safety levels and emissions of marine operations require detailed information about the acting wave system. It is possible—with an analogy to classical wave buoys—to estimate the directional wave spectrum by processing sensor measurements of wave-induced responses (e.g., motions and structural responses) from a ship. Compared to other sources of wave data (e.g., buoys, satellites, third-generation wave models), estimation concepts using the ship itself as a buoy provide the wave spectrum at the exact spatio-temporal point, potentially increasing accuracy and with minimal associated cost. This paper gives an overview of the technology, discusses associated uncertainties, and highlights new developments made for estimating waves via measured ship responses.
Effect of delayed cord clamping on maternal and neonatal outcome in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoon Suin , Jin Yookyung , Kim Yejin , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes following delayed cord clamping (DCC) versus immediate cord clamping (ICC) in twin pregnancies. This was a retrospective cohort study of 705 twin pregnancies who delivered at ≥ 24 weeks of gestation. Maternal and neonatal hemoglobin levels, blood transfusion, and neonatal outcomes were compared between DCC (n = 225) and ICC (n = 480) groups. Mean maternal predelivery and postpartum hemoglobin levels and the rate of postpartum hemoglobin drop ≥ 20% or maternal blood transfusion were comparable between the two groups. The DCC group had a significantly higher mean neonatal hemoglobin level (DCC vs. ICC: 17.4 ± 3.5 vs. 16.6 ± 2.7 g/dl, P = 0.010) but significantly lower rates of neonatal blood transfusion (DCC vs. ICC: 3.3% vs. 8.8%, P < 0.001) and respiratory distress syndrome (DCC vs. ICC: 6.7% vs. 15.2%, P < 0.001) than the ICC group. In conclusion, DCC compared with ICC in twin pregnancy was not associated with an increase of maternal postpartum bleeding complications, but it was associated with higher neonatal hemoglobin level and lower risks of neonatal blood transfusion and respiratory distress syndrome.
Characterization and regulation of salt upregulated cyclophilin from a halotolerant strain of Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Singh Mangaljeet , Singh Harpreet , Kaur Kirandeep , Shubhankar Shubhankar , Singh Supreet , Kaur Amarjeet , Singh Prabhjeet
Published: October 2023

Penicillium species are an industrially important group of fungi. Cyclophilins are ubiquitous proteins and several members of this family exhibit peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. We had earlier demonstrated that the salt-induced PPIase activity in a halotolerant strain of P. oxalicum was associated with enhanced expression of a cyclophilin gene, PoxCYP18. Cloning and characterization of PoxCYP18 revealed that its cDNA consists of 522 bp encoding a protein of 173 amino acid residues, with predicted molecular mass and pI values of 18.91 kDa and 8.87, respectively. The recombinant PoxCYP18 can catalyze cis–trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bond with a catalytic efficiency of 1.46 × 107 M−1 s−1 and is inhibited specifically only by cyclosporin A, with an inhibition constant of 5.04 ± 1.13 nM. PoxCYP18 consists of two cysteine residues at positions − 45 and − 170, and loses its activity under oxidizing conditions. Substitution of these residues alone or together by site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the PPIase activity of PoxCYP18 is regulated through a redox mechanism involving the formation of disulfide linkages. Heterologous expression of PoxCYP18 conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic E. coli cells, implying that this protein imparts protection to cellular processes against salt-induced damage.
Molecular evolutionary dynamics of enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A6 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in Thailand, 2000–2022
Authors: Noisumdaeng Pirom , Puthavathana Pilaipan
Published: October 2023

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health threat worldwide, particularly in the Asia–Pacific region. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and CVA6 are the major pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks in several countries, including Thailand. We retrieved 385 VP1 nucleotide sequences, comprising 228 EV-A71, 33 CVA16, and 124 CVA6, deposited in the databases between 2000 and 2022 for molecular evolutionary characterization using Bayesian phylogeny. All EV-A71 identified belonged to genotype B, subgenotypes B4, and B5, and to genotype C, subgenotypes C1, C2, C4a, C4b, and C5. The analyzes demonstrated these viruses’ co-circulation and subgenotypic changes throughout the past two decades. The CVA16 was grouped in genotype B1, predominantly subgenotype B1a, and the CVA6 was grouped in subgenotype D3, clades 1–4. The tMRCA of EV-A71 genotypes B and C, CVA16 B1, and CVA6 D3 dated 1993.79, 1982.62, 1995.86, and 2007.31, respectively, suggesting that the viruses were likely introduced and cryptically circulated in Thailand before the HFMD cases were recognized. We demonstrated these viruses’ fluctuation and cyclical pattern throughout the two decades of observation. This study provided insight into evolutionary dynamics concerning molecular epidemiology and supported the selection of current genotype-matched vaccines, vaccine development, and implementation.
The relationship of exercise and cancer-related fatigue in patients with advanced liver cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Juan , Cheng Qinqin , Zhu Xiangqian , Lin Sha , Xiang Huan , Lu Wen
Published: October 2023

There is increasing interest in understanding exercise as a potential treatment for cancer-related fatigue (CRF); however, rarely research has been conducted on more aggressive cancers with short survival, such as liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide educational ideas for insufficient exercise and provide clues for the design of effective and safe exercise intervention programs with high compliance in patients of advanced liver cancer in the future. Participants were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital using convenience sampling. All participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires that assessed their medical and demographic variables, exercise habits and CRF during their hospitalization in the interventional department. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Nonparametric test was used to explore correlations between exercise subgroups and CRF. The Baron and Kenny’s Approach was used to investigate the mediating effect of exercise index between P-EX and CRF. 207 out of 255 participants were enrolled in this study, with an average age of 55.4 years. The CRF score was 33 (28, 36), and 93.2% had insufficient exercise. Exercise frequency (≥ 3 Times/week) (Z = 4.34, p = 0.037) and maintaining exercise trend (Z = 15.85, p = 0.001) had a positive effect on CRF. P-EX had a great impact on exercise index and affecting CRF directly. Participants in the study showed serious fatigue and insufficient exercise. Exercise education can be initiated earlier, particularly those without regular exercise experience. Sustained light exercise, compliant with exercise habits and interests, three times a week may be a practical way to reduce the risk of CRF in advanced liver cancer.
Comprehensive evaluation of the underground space resources in Xianyang city
Authors: Li Shifeng , Hong Zenglin , Xue Xuping , Liu Xiaofeng , Shi Wei
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of urbanization and the sharp increase in population, urban land is becoming increasingly scarce. The efficient and reasonable development of the underground space is a crucial way to solve the problem of urban diseases, and comprehensive evaluation of urban underground space resources is an important basic task to achieve reasonable planning of the underground space. Adopting Xianyang city as an example, in this paper, we comprehensively evaluated the underground space resources in the main urban area and established evaluation models for the amount of resources available for development, development difficulty, potential value, and comprehensive quality of the underground space. Evaluation indicators, including urban environmental constraints, geological conditions, socioeconomic conditions and many other factors, were determined. With the use of the method of item-by-item elimination of restrictive elements and the analytic hierarchy process for determining the weight of each evaluation index, GIS technology was used to calculate and evaluate the underground space resources (0–30 m) in the main urban area of Xianyang city that could be reasonably developed, as well as the corresponding development difficulty and potential value, and we obtained the underground space that could be reasonably developed under different types of land use in the main urban area of Xianyang city on the basis of the resource quantity and comprehensive quality evaluation results. The results showed that in terms of quantity, the amount of underground space available for development in the main urban area of Xianyang city accounts for approximately 25.11% of the total development amount, and the underground space that could be developed and utilized is approximately 82.3 km2. The underground space resources that could be developed within a 30 m depth interval in the main urban area reached 2.465 billion m3, accounting for approximately 79.5% of the total shallow underground space resources, and the potential for development and utilization is enormous. In terms of the comprehensive quality, the highest comprehensive quality level of shallow underground resources is located in the core areas along Renmin Road, Weiyang Road, and Century Avenue, with an area of 21.52 km2, and the highest comprehensive quality level of subshallow underground resources is located along Renmin Road and Weiyang Road, with an area of 4.37 km2. The evaluation results could provide high reference value for urban development planning and underground space development and utilization in Xianyang.
Cow detection and tracking system utilizing multi-feature tracking algorithm
Authors: Mar Cho Cho , Zin Thi Thi , Tin Pyke , Honkawa Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Ikuo , Horii Yoichiro
Published: October 2023

In modern cattle farm management systems, video-based monitoring has become important in analyzing the high-level behavior of cattle for monitoring their health and predicting calving for providing timely assistance. Conventionally, sensors have been used for detecting and tracking their activities. As the body-attached sensors cause stress, video cameras can be used as an alternative. However, identifying and tracking individual cattle can be difficult, especially for black and brown varieties that are so similar in appearance. Therefore, we propose a new method of using video cameras for recognizing cattle and tracking their whereabouts. In our approach, we applied a combination of deep learning and image processing techniques to build a robust system. The proposed system processes images in separate stages, namely data pre-processing, cow detection, and cow tracking. Cow detection is performed using a popular instance segmentation network. In the cow tracking stage, for successively associating each cow with the corresponding one in the next frame, we employed the following three features: cow location, appearance features, as well as recent features of the cow region. In doing so, we simply exploited the distance between two gravity center locations of the cow regions. As color and texture suitably define the appearance of an object, we analyze the most appropriate color space to extract color moment features and use a Co-occurrence Matrix (CM) for textural representation. Deep features are extracted from recent cow images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN features) and are also jointly applied in the tracking process to boost system performance. We also proposed a robust Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) algorithm for cow tracking by employing multiple features from the cow region. The experimental results proved that our proposed system could handle the problems of MOT and produce reliable performance.
Developing an SDN security model (EnsureS) based on lightweight service path validation with batch hashing and tag verification
Authors: Pradeep S. , Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Lilhore Umesh Kumar , Simaiya Sarita , Kumar Abhishek , Ahuja Sachin , Margala Martin , Chakrabarti Prasun , Chakrabarti Tulika
Published: October 2023

Software-defined networking (SDN) has significantly transformed the field of network management through the consolidation of control and provision of enhanced adaptability. However, this paradigm shift has concurrently presented novel security concerns. The preservation of service path integrity holds significant importance within SDN environments due to the potential for malevolent entities to exploit network flows, resulting in a range of security breaches. This research paper introduces a model called "EnsureS", which aims to enhance the security of SDN by proposing an efficient and secure service path validation approach. The proposed approach utilizes a Lightweight Service Path Validation using Batch Hashing and Tag Verification, focusing on improving service path validation's efficiency and security in SDN environments. The proposed EnsureS system utilizes two primary techniques in order to validate service pathways efficiently. Firstly, the method utilizes batch hashing in order to minimize computational overhead. The proposed EnsureS algorithm enhances performance by aggregating packets through batches rather than independently; the hashing process takes place on each one in the service pathway. Additionally, the implementation of tag verification enables network devices to efficiently verify the authenticity of packets by leveraging pre-established trust relationships. EnsureS provides a streamlined and effective approach for validating service paths in SDN environments by integrating these methodologies. In order to assess the efficacy of the Proposed EnsureS, a comprehensive series of investigations were conducted within a simulated SDN circumstance. The efficacy of Proposed EnsureS was then compared to that of established methods. The findings of our study indicate that the proposed EnsureS solution effectively minimizes computational overhead without compromising on the established security standards. The implementation successfully reduces the impact of different types of attacks, such as route alteration and packet spoofing, increasing SDN networks' general integrity.
Associations between fluid overload and outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Hayashi Yosuke , Shimazui Takashi , Tomita Keisuke , Shimada Tadanaga , Miura Rie E. , Nakada Taka-aki
Published: October 2023

Increased fluid overload (FO) is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients, especially in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the exact timing from when FO influences outcomes remains unclear. We retrospectively screened intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with AKI between January 2011 and December 2015. Logistic or linear regression analyses were performed to determine when hourly %FO was significant on 90-day in-hospital mortality (primary outcome) or ventilator-free days (VFDs). In total, 1120 patients were enrolled in this study. Univariate analysis showed that a higher %FO was significantly associated with higher mortality from the first hour of ICU admission (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.56, P < 0.001), whereas multivariate analysis adjusted with age, sex, APACHE II score, and sepsis etiology showed the association was significant from the 27th hour. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a higher %FO was significantly associated with shorter VFDs from the 1st hour. The significant associations were retained during all following observation periods after they showed significance. In patients with AKI, a higher %FO was associated with higher mortality and shorter VFDs from the early phase after ICU admission. FO should be administered with a physiological target or goal in place from the initial phase of critical illness.
Accelerating ion/electron transport by engineering an indium-based heterostructure toward large and reversible lithium storage
Authors: Wang Shuoyu , Zhang Yuanxia , Tian Ru-Ning , Fu Mengnuo , Chen Jingjing , Wang Dajian , Dong Chenlong , Mao Zhiyong
Published: October 2023

The high activity of the In2O3/In2S3 heterostructure can be activated into homogeneous In2OxS3−x nanodots, thereupon stabilizing the subsequent cycles.
Microscopic properties of forces from ice solidification interface acting on silica surfaces based on molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Uchida Shota , Fujiwara Kunio , Shibahara Masahiko
Published: October 2023

The forces acting on amorphous silica surface from water molecules fluctuate more after the solidification interface makes contact with the wall surface. This change correlates with the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and silanol groups.
Excitation localization/delocalization induced intramolecular singlet fission in cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal derivatives
Authors: Wen Jin , Zhou Jie , Li Xuesi , Lv Meng , Huang Jun , Li Zheng , Zhang Boyuan , Wang Ming , Chen Jinquan , Zhu Meifang
Published: October 2023

Two triplet excitons are generated through an ultrafast photophysical process, namely singlet fission (SF), providing a solution for efficient solar energy usage. We provide an effective guideline for designing SF materials by adjusting planarity in cyclopentadithiophene derivatives.
Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence of Cu(i) complexes containing new functionalized 1,2,3-triazole ligands
Authors: Wang Li-Xin , Cheng Shun-Cheung , Liu Yingying , Leung Chi-Fai , Liu Ji-Yan , Ko Chi-Chiu , Lau Tai-Chu , Xiang Jing
Published: October 2023

A series of Cu(i) compounds (1–10) have been obtained. These Cu(i) compounds exhibit moderate luminescence in CH2Cl2 solution but exhibit luminescence that is much stronger in the solid state. Notably, 1 and 3 are bright blue-light emitters.
The halogen substitution strategy of inorganic skeletons triggers dielectric and band gap regulation of hybrid perovskites
Authors: Sun Xiao-Tong , Zhang Ying-Yu , Han Yan , Wang Xiao-Ping , Li Jie , Li Jun-Yi , Ni Hao-Fei , Fu Da-Wei , Zhang Zhi-Xu
Published: October 2023

Two organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with dielectric switching and semiconductor properties were successfully synthesized. This study is important to further explore the impact of halogen substitution strategies.
A closed-shell phenalenyl-based dinuclear iron(iii) complex as a robust cathode for a one-compartment H2O2 fuel cell
Authors: Kamboj Nisha , Dey Ayan , Lama Prem , Majumder Moumita , Sengupta Srijan , Metre Ramesh K.
Published: October 2023

Closed-shell phenalenyl (PLY) systems are increasingly becoming more attractive as building blocks for developing electroactive cathode materials as they have tremendous potential to participate in redox reactions.
Mechanistic investigation of a Ni-catalyzed electrochemical reductive cleavage of the α-O-4 bond in the lignin model compound benzyl phenyl ether
Authors: Lin Fang , Petrović Predrag V. , Tse Ho-Yin , Erythropel Hanno C. , Lam Jason Chun-Ho , Anastas Paul T.
Published: October 2023

The electrochemical reductive cleavage of the C–O bond in the lignin α-O-4 model compound benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) at room temperature was investigated using earth-abundant nickel as a catalyst in methanol.
Halogen-bonding-mediated synthesis of amides and peptides
Authors: Huang Mingqin , Li Jun-Jie , Zhang Chi
Published: October 2023

We report the first methods for halogen-bonding-mediated formation of amide and peptide bonds. The methods can be used to synthesize not only amides but also dipeptides, tripeptides and pentapeptides in good to excellent yields without racemization.
Green synthesis of superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles using banana pseudo-stem: a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline antibiotics
Authors: Elizabeth A. Tony , James E. , Jesan L. Infant , Thangadurai A. Sebastin , Vasu Antonisamy Edwin
Published: October 2023

Ferric ions impregnated in banana pseudo stem biomass are converted to superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs) which activated persulphate towards the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic.
Unusual participation of O-propargyl group during the cyclization of 6-hydroxy-2-propargyl ethers of aryl chalcones: one-pot synthesis of 2-acyl-3-styrylbenzofuran and 7-aryldibenzo[b,d]furan-1,7-diols
Authors: Samyuktha Arimalai Dinakararaja , Ethiraj Kannatt Radhakrishnan , Shanmugam Ponnusamy
Published: October 2023

An unusual participation of the O-propargyl alkyne group during the cyclization of 6-hydroxy-2-propargyl ethers of aryl chalcones afforded highly functionalized 2-acyl-3-styrylbenzofuran and 8-aryl dibenzo[b,d]furan-1,7-diol derivatives. A plausible mechanism and scope of the reaction is provided.
Palladium(ii)/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed direct C–H arylation of heteroarenes with different aryl bromides and chlorides
Authors: Bensalah Donia , Mansour Lamjed , Sauthier Mathieu , Gürbüz Nevin , Özdemir Ismail , Koko Waleed S. , Gatri Rafik , Hamdi Naceur
Published: October 2023

The growing interest of industry in the field of bi(hetero)arene compounds motivated us to synthesize these compounds via a homogeneous catalytic route using Pd PEPPSI-type complexes through direct arylation.
Two-dimensional ferroelastic and ferromagnetic NiOX (X = Cl and Br) with half-metallicity and a high Curie temperature
Authors: Xiao Gang , Xiao Wen-Zhi , Feng Ying-Xue , Rong Qing-Yan , Chen Qiao
Published: October 2023

A few novel two-dimensional (2D) NiOX (X = Cl and Br) binary compounds with a high Curie temperature and magnetoelastic coupling were identified using first-principles calculations.
Highly-efficient heterojunction solar cells based on 2D Janus transition-metal nitride halide (TNH) monolayers with ultrahigh carrier mobility
Authors: Xie Wanying , Pang Jiafei , Yang Jinni , Kuang Xiaoyu , Mao Aijie
Published: October 2023

We systematically report a family of two-dimensional (2D) Janus transition-metal nitride halides (TNHs, T = Ti, Zr, Hf, Fe, Pd, Pt, Os, and Re; H = Cl and F) with breaking of both in-plane and out-of-plane structural symmetry.
Hollow spherical Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles with a magnetic vortex configuration for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia efficacy
Authors: Shen Kaiming , Li Lixian , Tan Funan , Wu Shuo , Jin Tianli , You Jingxiang , Chee Mun Yin , Yan Yunfei , Lew Wen Siang
Published: October 2023

In order to improve the magnetic heating efficiency, hollow spherical magnetic nanoparticles with a magnetic vortex configuration were synthesized for enhancing the magnetic hyperthermia efficacy.
An optical sensing platform for the detection of anti-cancer drugs and their cytotoxicity screening using a highly selective phosphorene-based composite
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Thanil Singh Chingtham , Khan Mojibur R. , Sen Sarma Neelotpal
Published: October 2023

In this work, we have developed a sensing platform using phosphorene-based fluorescent material Ph–Cys–Au for the detection and cytotoxicity screening of the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) in both aqueous media and real samples.
A corrugated epsilon-nearzero saturable absorber for a high-performance 1.3 μm solid-state bulk laser
Authors: Wang Mengxia , Jiang Hang , Ma Hao , Zhao Chuanrui , Zhao Yuanan , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Shao Jianda
Published: October 2023

A novel saturable absorber based on corrugated indium tin oxide film with strong nonlinear optical properties that not limited by the incident angle and polarization state of the pump laser over a wide range of 0–20° has been reported.
A supercritical relaxor phase boundary for ultrahigh electrostrictive properties
Authors: Guo Qinghu , Li Dongxu , Yao Zhonghua , Sun Huajun , Hao Hua , Liu Hanxing , Zhang Shujun
Published: October 2023

In this work the design of a critical phase point where reversible transition from the ergodic relaxor state to an unstable long-range ordered ferroelectric state takes place is reported.
Triggering synergistic electronic promoting effect through oxygen doping to promote electrochemical nitrogen reduction on metal-free electrocatalyst
Authors: Xu Na , Cheng Qiyang , Wang Mengfan , He Yanzheng , Ji Haoqing , Rosei Federico
Published: October 2023

Doping oxygen as a secondary heteroatom into nitrogen-doped carbon materials triggers synergistic electronic promoting effect that optimizes the electronic structure and the polarity of adjacent carbon atoms, significantly boosting ambient ammonia synthesis.
Tailoring the intrinsic magneto-electronic, mechanical, thermo-physical and thermoelectric response of cobalt-based Heusler alloys: an ab initio insight
Authors: Gurunani Bharti , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: October 2023

We analysed Co-based HH alloys, confirming their stable half-metallic nature (CoHfSi: 0.87 eV, CoHfGe: 0.97 eV). With ductile properties, they hold potential in spintronics and thermoelectricity. Thermal stability via the quasi-harmonic Debye model under extreme conditions.
Two polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa: isolation, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activities
Authors: Chen Huien , Liu Xinyu , Xie Meixia , Zhong Xiaoting , Yan Chunyan , Xian Minghua , Wang Shumei
Published: October 2023

Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) as a Chinese herbal medicine can be used both in medicine and food.
Understanding the charge carriers dynamics in the La0.55Ca0.45Mn0.8Nb0.2O3 perovskite: scaling of electrical conductivity spectra
Authors: Moualhi Y. , Smari M. , Rahmouni H.
Published: October 2023

The present work proposes the best realistic theoretical approaches to examine the experimental conductivity data taken for La0.55Ca0.45Mn0.8Nb0.2O3.
Exploring relationships that college instructors seek to build with intention in chemistry classrooms
Authors: Moreira Patricia , Talanquer Vicente
Published: October 2023

Teaching is a complex activity that demands paying attention to diverse components and relationships that affect the learning process, and acting with intentionality to build and nurture those connections. In this qualitative research study, we proposed and used an intentional–relational framework to explore differences in the relationships that four general chemistry instructors sought and acted to build with intention in their classes. Our goal was not to evaluate the quality of instruction but rather to characterize instructors’ practices to gain insight into educational relationships that may affect student performance. All instructors in our sample manifested a strong interest in helping students succeed in their studies and relied on a variety of resources designed and integrated into their courses to support student learning. They mostly differed in the extent to which they attended and responded to contextual issues, intentionally seeking to make content relevant to students, helping them build connections between their interests and the discipline, and adapting resources to create more inclusive learning environments. These differences seem to affect student performance in common exams. Our study highlights the importance of analyzing the relationships that instructors build with intention to support professional development and teacher reflection, and better understand the impact of instructors’ decisions on student performance.
The temperature-dependence of host–guest binding thermodynamics: experimental and simulation studies
Authors: Grimm Laura M. , Setiadi Jeffry , Tkachenko Boryslav , Schreiner Peter R. , Gilson Michael K. , Biedermann Frank
Published: October 2023

Through isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we demonstrate that negative changes in heat capacity (ΔCp,b) are a unifying feature for both the classical and non-classical hydrophobic effect.
Template-assisted synthesis of isomeric copper(i) clusters with tunable structures showing photophysical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Fang Jun-Jie , Liu Zheng , Shen Yang-Lin , Xie Yun-Peng , Lu Xing
Published: October 2023

Seven Cu36 and Cu56 clusters were synthesized by VO4 or PO4 template-assisted strategies. Phosphate and tBuCC− ligands co-stabilize these high-nuclearity copper(i) clusters, which show photophysical and electrochemical properties.
Voids induce wide-range modulation of elasticity for magnetic elastomers II
Authors: Urano Rio , Kawai Mika , Mitsumata Tetsu
Published: October 2023

The magnetic response of dynamic modulus was investigated for polyurethane-based magnetic elastomers densely packed with magnetic particles with different diameters (7 μm and 235 μm). Voids or cracks enable the movement of magnetic particles, resulting in a significant MR effect.
Phase segregation affects electron–phonon coupling in perovskite solar cell materials
Authors: Yavuz Ilhan
Published: October 2023

Phase segregation has been described as a significant factor that limits solar cell efficiency and long-term stability in mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials.
Revisiting the roles of cAMP signalling in the progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Parsons Emma C. , Hoffmann Ralf , Baillie George S.
Published: October 2023

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and one of the top causes of death in men worldwide. Development and function of both normal prostate cells and early-stage prostate cancer cells are dependent on the cross-talk between androgen signalling systems and a variety of other transduction pathways which drive differentiation of these cells towards castration-resistance. One such signalling pathway is the ubiquitous cAMP signalling axis which functions to activate spatially restricted pools of cAMP effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA). The importance of both PKA and cAMP in the development of prostate cancer, and their interactions with the androgen receptor, were the focus of a review by Merkle and Hoffmann in 2010. In this updated review, we revisit this topic with analysis of current PKA-related prostate cancer literature and introduce novel information on the relevance of another cAMP effector, the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC).
Secrecy outage probability of DF‐based C‐NOMA under half and full duplex
Authors: Gadi Shilpi , Singh S. Pratap , Kumar Amit , Singh Rajneesh Kumar , Singh Ghanshyam
Published: October 2023

Cooperative Non‐orthogonal Multiple Access (C‐NOMA) is projected as the dominant technology for 5G and beyond. Also, physical layer security, due to the presence of eaves‐dropper, is a bottleneck security concern for any open link wireless system. This manuscript presents a novel Decode & Forward (DF)‐based C‐NOMA system in the presence of two eavesdroppers. Moreover, both half duplex and full duplex schemes are included in the analysis. Thereby, separate expressions for Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), being among the most crucial performance measures in physical layer security, are produced and examined for the system under consideration. Specifically, first of all, novel expression of SOP for C‐NOMA systems under both Half Duplex (HD) and Full Duplex (FD) schemes is derived for the case when only eavesdropper one (E1) attacks on link source to device one (S‐D1). Thereafter, expressions of SOP for the C‐NOMA system under both HD and FD schemes are derived, considering presence of E1 and E2 on the links, source to device one (S‐D1) and source to device two (S‐D2), respectively. Further, for both the duplexes, the effect of eavesdropper one (E1) and eavesdropper two (E2) on the links, S‐D1 and S‐D2, respectively, is analyzed. The presented analysis is useful in the technological development level of C‐NOMA in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The simulated results show perfect agreement with the theory.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based dual‐mode congestion control for cellular V2X environments
Authors: Yoon Yeomyung , Lee Hojeong , Kim Hyogon
Published: October 2023

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2945/1 standard for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) environmentutilizes transmit (Tx) power control and rate control elements for the periodic BSM transmissions, which are intended to work in a complementary manner. An equivalent standard for the cellular vehicle‐to‐everything (C‐V2X) communication environment is J3161/1, but it eliminates Tx power control and uses only rate control. However, the consequence is the degraded update delay of neighbouring vehicles’ kinematics, potentially undermineing driving safety. In this Letter, the authors propose to retain the dual‐mode control in the C‐V2X environment and find a policy through reinforcement learning (RL) to adjust the rate control function to maintain synergy. Moreover, the authors can extract the RL‐created policy from the neural network so that it can be explicitly specified in the standard, and downloaded and used more conveniently by vehicles. Finally, the RL‐generated policy achieves a better packet delivery frequency than J2945/1 or J3161/1.
Acoustic carrier signal transmission technology and its potential for in‐site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas‐insulated switchgear/gas‐insulated transmission line
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Yutong , Zhao Huijun , Peng Zongren , Wang Qingyu
Published: October 2023

A wireless signal transmission technology based on acoustic carrier is proposed, which overcomes the limitation of electromagnetic signal shielding and shows great potential for in‐site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS)/gas‐insulated transmission line (GIL). Here, the state parameter of the sliding electrical contact is modulated onto the frequency domain of an ultrasound wave. As a mechanical wave, the ultrasonic wave is immune to electromagnetic shielding, so that it could carry the sensing signal to penetrate the metal shielding layer and transmit to the external terminals of GIS/GIL. The principle and signal modulation process of the acoustic carrier based transmission system have been demonstrated in detail. Both simulation and experiment have been conducted to analyse the system characteristics as well as optimise the system configuration. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the in situ and on‐line monitoring of the thermal rise of a slide electrical contact both in a current loading equivalent model and a prototype of GIS is demonstrated. Experimental results fit well with the physical process, and show a good measurement accuracy of 0.6% and temperature sensitivity of 400 Hz/°C.
Synchronous switching of uncompensated transmission line, by considering the effect of coupling voltage between the phases, trapped charge and the characteristics of CB
Authors: Karimonnafs Alireza
Published: October 2023

The synchronous closing technology is an effective way to reduce transient current and voltage, prevent equipment failures, and improve power quality. The proposed algorithm, first by considering the coupling voltages between phases and the residual voltages in an uncompensated transmission line, calculates the zero instant of the voltage curves (ZVC instant) across the poles of the circuit breaker (CB) that is ideally the optimum instant to close the CB. Although other studies have utilized ZVC detection by solely considering either coupling or residual voltages. Secondly, the algorithm seeks to account for the mechanical scattering time of the CB and the rate of decrease of dielectric strength (RDDS) by incorporating delay times into the previously calculated delay values. Although other works have investigated the effect of RDDS or mechanical scattering operation time on synchronous switching to some extent, they have not fulfilled any optimization taking both of them into account.By exerting this algorithm, each phase of CB is closed in the ideal optimum closing target (ZVC instant) with a maximum error of one sample, and then, taking into account the CB characteristics, by compensating the RDDS and mechanical scattering time, CB is energized in the optimal time interval, where pre‐strike voltages are minimized.
Soft X-ray emission from warm gas in IllustrisTNG circum-cluster environments
Authors: Gouin Celine , Bonamente Massimiliano , Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Walker Stephen , Mirakhor Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Context. Whereas X-ray clusters are extensively used for cosmology, their idealised modelling, through the hypotheses of spherical symmetry and hydrostatic equilibrium, is being questioned more and more. The soft X-ray emission detected in tens of clusters with ROSAT was found to be higher than what was expected from the idealised hot gas modelling, pointing to our incomplete understanding of these objects.

Aims. Given that cluster environments are at the interface between the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM), warm circum-galactic medium (WCGM), and warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), we aim to explore the relative soft X-ray emission of different gas phases in circum-cluster environments.

Method. By using the most massive halos in IllustrisTNG at z = 0, we have predicted the hydrodynamical properties of the gas from cluster centres to their outskirts (5 R200), and modelled their X-ray radiation for various plasma phases.

Results. First, we found that the radial profile of temperature, density, metallicity and clumpiness of the ICM are in good agreement with recent X-ray observations of clusters. Secondly, we have developed a method to predict the radial profile of soft X-ray emission in different bands, the column density of ions, and the X-ray absorption lines (O VIII, O VII, Ne IX, and Ne IX) of warm-hot gas inside and around clusters.

Conclusion. The warm gas (in the form of both WCGM and WHIM gas) is a strong emitter in soft X-ray bands and is qualitatively consistent with the observational measurements. Our results suggest that the cluster soft excess is induced by the thermal emission of warm gas in the circum-cluster environments.
Amplitude and frequency variations in PG 0101+039 from K2 photometry
Authors: Ma X.-Y. , Zong W. , Fu J.-N. , Charpinet S. , Wang J. , Xing K.
Published: October 2023

Context. K2 photometry is suitable for the exploitation of mode variability on short timescales in hot B subdwarf stars and this technique is useful in constraining nonlinear quantities addressed by the stellar theory of high-order perturbation in the future.

Aims. We analyzed high-quality K2 data collected for PG 0101+039 over about 80 days and we extracted the frequency content of oscillation. We determined the star’s rotational and orbital properties, in addition to characterizing the dynamics of the amplitude and frequency.

Methods. The frequencies were extracted from light curves via a standard prewhitening technique. The binary information was obtained from variations both in brightness and radial velocities. The amplitude and frequency modulations (i.e., AMs and FMs) of the oscillation modes were measured by piece-wise light curves and characterized by a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method.

Results. We extracted 137 independent frequencies in PG 0101+039 and derived period spacing of ∼252 s and 144 s for the dipole and quadruple modes, respectively. We derived rotation periods of ∼8.81 ± 0.06 days and ∼8.60 ± 0.16 days based on g- and p-mode multiplets, respectively, implying a marginally differential rotation with a probability of ∼60%. We find that the rotation period is much shorter than the orbital period of ∼0.57 d, indicating that this system is not synchronized. The AMs and FMs were found to be measurable for 44 frequencies with high enough amplitude, including 12 rotational components. We characterized their modulating patterns and found a clear correlation between the amplitude and frequency variation, linked to nonlinear resonant couplings. In general, the modulating scale and timescale are on the order of a few dozen of nanohertz and a few tens of days, respectively. These values can serve as important constraints on future calculations of nonlinear amplitude equations.

Conclusions. PG 0101+039 is an unsynchronized system containing a component whose amplitude and frequency variations are generally found to be on a shorter timescale than previously reported for other sdB pulsators. Those findings are essential to setting observational constraints on the nonlinear dynamics of resonant mode couplings and orbital solutions.
The pollen as bioindicator of the genotoxicity of environment
Authors: Vasilevskaya Natalia , Sikauluk Anna , Osechinskaya Polina
Published: October 2023

In recent years the male gametes of plants are used for biotesting in ecotoxicology. High proportion of sterile pollen is the indicator of environmental pollution and the presence of mutagens, which cause genetic disturbances. The viability of pollen of Gorodkov’s rowan (Sorbus gorodkovii Pojark) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the vicinity of environmentally hazard enterprises of the Arctic cities of the Murmansk region have been studied. The following parameters were considered: the number of fertile and sterile pollen and their percentage ratio, the sterility index, and palynotoxic effect of the pollution. High content of the abortive pollen of S. gorodkovii (55–65%), the sterility index (2.1–2.4) and the palynotoxic effect (38.2–50%) indicates the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of the emissions of the Murmansk thermal power plants, that leads to the formation of sterile male gametes. High level of sterility of P. sylvestris pollen (42.5–50.7%), the index of sterility (1.4–1.7) and the palynotoxic effect (19.1–29.8%) indicates, that emissions of the mining and processing plant "Apatit" containes the mutagenic chemicals that have a genotoxic effect on the pine male gametophyte. The pollen of plants can be used for bioindication of environment as the indicator of the impact of gametopathogenic factors.
Comparative analysis of the beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of small steppe plots in the forest-steppe zone
Authors: Aleksanov Victor , Alekseev Sergei , Ruchin Alexander , Lukiyanov Sergei , Lobachev Evgeniy , Esin Mikhail , Ershkova Elena
Published: October 2023

The fauna and abundance of Carabidae inhabiting small steppe plots in the forest-steppe zone of European Russia were analysed. In total, 14 such plots (biotopes) were studied, they were grouped by vegetation type into two groups: meadow steppe (5 plots) and calcareous steppe (9 plots). A total of 104 species of beetles from 6 subfamilies were collected. In meadow steppe, 91 species of beetle species were found, in calcareous steppe, 64 species were collected. Species richness was significantly higher in some meadow steppe plots (14-67 species) than in calcareous steppe plots (4-27 species). Numerical abundance of beetles was also higher in meadow steppe. Nine indicator species for calcareous steppe and no indicator species for calcareous steppe were identified. The structure of beetle dominance was analysed for individual biotopes. Beetle populations are analysed by life forms and life cycle types. NMDS scaling results are presented, demonstrating significant diversity of species composition and structure both in meadow steppe and calcareous steppe.
Results of the development of the integrated evaluation of the winter barley breeding identifiers
Authors: Khlystunov Viktor , Kopteva Nina , Filippov Yevgeny , Udintsova Nadezhda
Published: October 2023

Comparative analysis of the created breeding samples is essentially a multi-criteria task, since they are evaluated by dozens of features (identifiers). So, wheat has 66, barley – 63, peas – 88, sorghum – 49, corn – 63, etc. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of features (identifiers) of winter barley breeding. The object of research is a statistical array of rank values of identifiers based on the results of their expert evaluation. A rank assessment was made of 27 winter barley identifiers, which form the basis of the variety passport and reflect morphological descriptors of traits, biological properties, disease resistance, yield, crop structure, chemical composition, technological qualities of the main product, and economic use. As a result of structuring the totality of statistical material, 14 significant and 8 insignificant features were identified, forming 69% and 25% of the identifier, respectively, in terms of rank weight. A scale of 100 points was established for the reference sample of the winter barley variety (Timofey of the ARC Donskoy breeding) for significant (C) and a set of significant and unimportant identifiers (CMC). The complex indicator was calculated as the sum of points for compared varieties Zhiguli, Vivat, Yerema, Marusya of the ANC "Donskoy" selection, taking into account the weighted share of their respective characteristics in digitized form relative to the characteristics of the reference sample. It has been established that it is sufficient to carry out a comparative assessment of various varieties of winter barley by significant identifiers, since the discrepancy between numerical indicators for C and CMC identifiers did not exceed 2.36%.
Gamification resources in the system of specialist training for the agricultural complex
Authors: Efremova Nadezhda
Published: October 2023

Digital twins of real-world objects and phenomena are used extensively in the agricultural sector these days to solve and simulate various technological processes for developing agricultural households and enterprises, digitalization is progressing fast. The existing acute lack of specialists with digital competencies is further aggravated by widening the scope of gamified practices in the agricultural complex, which requires specialist training for the agricultural complex to incorporate gaming elements and plots in non-gaming processes into educational programs. This paper describes the factors responsible for the effectiveness of gamification development and application in the digital educational environment, shows the fundamental differences of the game mechanics employed in educational activities from the ordinary game. Design and game content that is compelling to participants is essential for keeping them motivated and engaged when working on solving important tasks. Amid the rapid development of ICT and digital tools, the learning process requires a certain level of students' and educators' proficiency in digital literacy and digital competencies. The present study examined by means of a questionnaire on a wide variety of issues the readiness of educators and students for a digital shift in the education system and their assessment of the importance of new roles and functions of training providers in the digital environment.