bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible vector-based spatial configurations in land models
Authors: Gharari Shervan , Clark Martyn P. , Mizukami Naoki , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Wong Jefferson S. , Pietroniro Alain
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Land models are increasingly used in terrestrial hydrology due to their process-oriented representation of water and energy fluxes. Land models can be set up at a range of spatial configurations, often ranging from grid sizes of 0.02 to 2 degrees (approximately 2 to 200 km) and applied at sub-daily temporal resolutions for simulation of energy fluxes. A priori specification of the grid size of the land models typically is derived from forcing resolutions, modeling objectives, available geo-spatial data and computational resources. Typically, the choice of model configuration and grid size is based on modeling convenience and is rarely examined for adequate physical representation in the context of modeling. The variability of the inputs and parameters, forcings, soil types, and vegetation covers, are masked or aggregated based on the a priori chosen grid size. In this study, we propose an alternative to directly set up a land model based on the concept of Group Response Unit (GRU). Each GRU is a unique combination of land cover, soil type, and other desired geographical features that has hydrological significance, such as elevation zone, slope, and aspect. Computational units are defined as GRUs that are forced at a specific forcing resolution; therefore, each computational unit has a unique combination of specific geo-spatial data and forcings. We set up the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, based on the GRU concept (VIC-GRU). Utilizing this model setup and its advantages we try to answer the following questions: (1) how well a model configuration simulates an output variable, such as streamflow, for range of computational units, (2) how well a model configuration with fewer computational units, coarser forcing resolution and less geo-spatial information, reproduces a model set up with more computational units, finer forcing resolution and more geo-spatial information, and finally (3) how uncertain the model structure and parameters are for the land model. Our results, although case dependent, show that the models may similarly reproduce output with a lower number of computational units in the context of modeling (streamflow for example). Our results also show that a model configuration with a lower number of computational units may reproduce the simulations from a model configuration with more computational units. Similarly, this can assist faster parameter identification and model diagnostic suites, such as sensitivity and uncertainty, on a less computationally expensive model setup. Finally, we encourage the land model community to adopt flexible approaches that will provide a better understanding of accuracy-performance tradeoff in land models.
Towards a reliable assessment of climate change impact on droughts in Southern Italy: Evaluation of EURO-CORDEX historical simulations by high-quality observational datasets
Authors: Peres David J. , Senatore Alfonso , Nanni Paola , Cancelliere Antonino , Mendicino Giuseppe , Bonaccorso Brunella
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Many recent studies indicate climate change as a phenomenon that significantly alters the water cycle in different regions worldwide, also implying new challenges in water resources management and drought risk assessment. To this end, it is of key importance to ascertain the quality of Regional Climate Models (RCMs), which are commonly used for assessing at proper spatial resolutions future impacts of climate change on hydrological events. In this study, we propose a statistical methodological framework to assess the quality of the EURO-CORDEX RCMs concerning their ability to simulate historic climate (temperature and precipitation) and drought characteristics (duration, accumulated deficit, and intensity) determined by the theory of runs, at seasonal and annual time scales, by comparison with high-density and high-quality ground-based observational datasets. In particular, the proposed methodology is applied to Sicily and Calabria regions (Southern Italy), where long historical precipitation and temperature series were recorded by the ground-based monitoring networks operated by the formerly Regional Hydrographic Offices, whose density is considerably greater than observational gridded datasets available at the European level, such as E-OBS. Results show that the more skilful models, able to reproduce, overall, precipitation and temperature variability, as well as drought characteristics, are based on the COSMO-CLM RCM, with the significant exception of the combination based on the HadGEM2-ES GCM and the RACMO RCM. Nevertheless, the choice of the most appropriate model depends on the specific variable analysed, as well as the temporal and spatial scale of interest. From this point of view, the proposed methodology highlights the skills and weaknesses of the different configurations, supporting a proper model selection for climate projections depending on the examined hydrologic processes.
Wind variability in the Canary Current during the last 70 years
Authors: Marrero Betancort Nerea , Marcello Javier , Rodríguez Esparragón Dionisio , Hernández-León Santiago
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate evolves following natural variability and knowledge of these trends is of paramount importance to understand future scenarios in the frame of global change. Obtaining local data is also of importance since climatic anomalies depend on the geographical area. In this sense, the Canary Current is located in one of the major eastern boundary current systems of the oceans and is mainly driven by the Trade Winds. The latter promotes Ekman transport and give rise to one of the most important upwelling zones of the word in the Northwest African coast. Nearly 30 years ago, Bakun raised a hypothesis contending that coastal upwelling in eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) might be intensified as the effect of global warming due to the enhancement of the Trade Winds as the effect of increasing pressure differences between the ocean and the continent. Using available NCEP/NCAR wind data north of the Canary Islands from 1948 to 2017, we show that Trade Winds intensity experienced a net decrease of 1 m s-1. Moreover, theses winds are strongly influenced, as expected, by the large-scale atmospheric patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In addition, we found a relationship between the wind pattern and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), indicating that the ocean contributes to the multidecadal atmospheric variability in this area of the ocean with a considerable lag (> 10 years).
Bearing the Brunt of Structural Inequality: Ontological Labor in the Academy
Authors: Crapo Ruthanne , Cahill Ann J , Jacquart Melissa
Published: March 2020

Empirical data show that members of underrepresented and historically marginalized groups in academia undertake many forms of undervalued or unnoticed labor. While the data help to identify that this labor exists, they do not provide a thick description of what the experience is like, nor do they offer a framework for understanding the different kinds of invisible labor that are being undertaken. We identify and analyze a distinct, undervalued, and invisible labor that the data have left unnamed and unmeasured: ontological labor, the work required to manage one’s identity and body if either or both do not fit into academic structures, norms, and demands. We argue that ontological labor efforts should be understood as a form of labor. We then provide a characterization of ontological labor, detailing the labor as navigating one’s obligations to give and managing entitlements to take. We also highlight the ontological labor that takes place through instances of resistance, such as through complaint or refusals.
How do the effects of retail innovation change? An analysis by product category
Authors:   Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Marketing. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales.Carretera de Utrera, Km.1, 41013 Sevilla (Spain). mfuebla@upo.es, Fuentes Blasco Maria , Moliner Velázquez Beatriz ,   Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados. Facultad de Economía. Edificio Departamental Oriental, Avda. dels Tarongers, s/n. 46022 Valencia (Spain). beatriz.moliner@uv.es, Servera Francés David ,   Departamento de Economía, Dirección de Empresas y Marketing. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas, Económicas y Sociales. Calle Corona, 34. 46003 Valencia (Spain). david.servera@ucv.es, Gil Saura Irene ,   Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados. Facultad de Economía. Edificio Departamental Oriental, Avda. dels Tarongers, s/n. 46022 Valencia (Spain). irene.gil@uv.es
Published: March 2020

The present work deals with the study of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction in retailing through two variables of special relevance, such as innovation and store image. By differentiating between innovation in marketing and in technology, the goal is twofold: to analyze the chain of effects innovation in marketing (technological innovation - image - satisfaction – word-of-mouth) and to study the moderating effect of activity sector in these relationships. Based on a sample of 820 customers from food, textile, home and electronics retailers, on the one hand, the results confirm the chain of relationships; and the category of the commercialized product also moderates the influence of image on satisfaction. There are important academic and business implications, as well as interesting lines for further research in this field. Among them, it should be noted that marketing innovation influences on technological innovation. Thus, the consumer perceives the adoption of new ideas by the store as a relevant antecedent of its technological development. The influence of technological innovation on the consumer’s image about the store has also been confirmed. Moreover, image shows a significant impact on satisfaction, and satisfaction influences on loyalty. Finally, the results confirm that the influence of image on customer satisfaction is different based on the activity sector of the store.
Influence of Limestone and Gypsum Application on Chemical Attributes of Dystrophic Yellow Latosol Soil and Corn Yield in Eastern Amazon
Authors: Costa Sidney Daniel Araújo da , Brasil Edilson Carvalho , Silva Júnior Mário Lopes da
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of the soil caused by the use of limestone associated or not to with gypsum in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted on a dystrophic Yellow Latosol in Pará state, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in split plots with three replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of limestone (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 t ha-1), with and without gypsum (0, 0.5 and 1 t ha-1). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. There was a significant effect on the analyzed variables at both depths. The doses of 3.64 and 2.19 t ha-1 of limestone associated with 0.5 t ha-1 of gypsum, were responsible for the largest increase in soil calcium content in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers, respectively. The highest increase in Ca + Mg content was found at 3.63 t ha-1 limestone combined with 0.5 t ha-1 gypsum. It was observed that 3.13 t ha-1 of limestone combined with 0.5 t of gypsum increased soil CEC. The 2.89 t ha-1 dose of limestone combined with 0.5 t of gypsum contributed to the increase in base saturation (V%). The use of limestone and gypsum promotes soil chemical conditions, as reflected by increased corn yield when compared with control (no treatment) plots.
Drawing a Blank: Illustrating “the kid” in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian
Authors: Warren Craig A.
Published: March 2020

Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian features a perplexing protagonist, “the kid,” who routinely vanishes from the surface narrative and whose physical description and internal life remain largely hidden. By collaborating with a professional visual artist, the author has produced an illustration of the kid that can help scholars, educators, and students better understand the character's allegorical role in the novel.
“Things happen to you they happen”: Cormac McCarthy, Morality, and Neo-Naturalism
Authors: Gibbs Alan
Published: March 2020

This article examines elements of determinism and naturalism in Cormac McCarthy's twenty-first-century novels, No Country for Old Men and The Road. While naturalism has been noted in McCarthy's work prior to these novels, this article contends that the character and strength of naturalism has changed in the most recent works. This change is placed in the general context of naturalist theory, as well as what the article argues is a more general resurgence of naturalism in American culture post-9/11. In particular, this article examines the implications in McCarthy's work for the extent to which the deterministic dimension of naturalism prevents us from judging characters morally, since they exercise at best highly limited free will. The article provides a detailed analysis of this phenomenon in the two novels, and also uses this to place them in the wider American and global twenty-first-century context.
The effects of concept mapping on student nurses’ learning of medical-surgical nursing
Authors: Wong Sze Wing Julia , Anderson Baaska , Gough Martin
Published: March 2020

Background and objective: Many student nurses are weak in studying medical-surgical nursing because higher-order skills are required to understand and incorporate prior knowledge with new knowledge. Hence, this study tried to employ concept mapping (CM) in teaching one medical-surgical nursing course to enhance their learning. The aims of this study are to explore the effects on student nurses’ learning experience and examine the difference in academic performance of students who learned this subject by using CM and those who did not.Methods: This was a mixed research study conducted in 2017. The overall grade and pass rate were used to compare the differences between CM and non-CM groups. Moreover, focus group discussions after semesters were used to explore the impact of CM on student nurses’ learning.Results: The difference of marks between the CM group (M = 77.90 and SD = 8.09) and non-CM group (M = 57.56 and SD = 10.16) was statistically significant (p = .000) with a large effect (Cohen’s d = 2.21). Twenty-six student nurses were interviewed in focus group discussions. The advantages and shortcomings of CM were identified. After new and prior knowledge was bridged, students used their own perceived effective method to re-organise knowledge and enhance their memory to prepare for written examinations.Conclusions: To conclude, CM seems able to improve students’ academic performance, and students gained a good understanding of the relationships between concepts in medical-surgical nursing, especially for the students who were new to the subject. The results of this study will provide insights for nurse educators who teach Chinese student nurses.
Enhancing Interest Among Senior Secondary Students in Expository Essay Writing in South East Nigeria: The Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Approach
Authors: Nnamani Amuche P. , Akabogu Josephine U.
Published: March 2020

The study focused on investigating the impact reciprocal peer tutoring teaching approach has in promoting interest among senior secondary school students in writing expository essay in Igbo –Etiti Local Government Area, South-East, Nigeria. The effect of gender in promoting interest in expository essay writing among senior secondary school students was also investigated. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a quasi- experimental design. 75 (32 males and 43 females) in two intact classes consisted of the sample for the study. Expository Essay Writing Interest Inventory (EEWII) which was face validated by four consultants was used as an instrument to data for the study. Mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data collected. Results obtained revealed that reciprocal peer tutoring teaching approach was effective in promoting interest in expository essay among the students. The result also indicated that the variation in the mean interest scores of male and female students in expository essay was not significant. The interaction effect of gender and the teaching approach on mean interest scores of senior secondary school students in expository essay writing was also not significant. Hence, the researchers recommended that secondary school teachers should adopt this teaching approach for expository essay writing teaching in secondary schools.
Gender Differences in Perceived Stress Among Childhood Education Lecturers
Authors: Aneke Anthonia O. , Ngwoke Anthonia N. , Onuorah Adaorah , Ifelunni Clara O. , Ejiofor Juliana N. , Okpala Edith , Ekesionye Edith Ngozi , Ukanga Lambert Peter
Published: March 2020

This study examined the differences in stress perception in a sample of childhood education lecturers in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions by gender. Forty (40) childhood education lecturers across public colleges of education and universities were conveniently sampled for this descriptive survey study. A questionnaire measuring stress perception was used for collecting the research data. Mean, standard deviation and unpaired t-test were used for data collection. Results show that the stress score of the female lecturers was significantly higher than that of the male lecturers in childhood education. Therefore, there is a need for stress management programme among these female lecturers.
Background selection and biased gene conversion affect more than 95% of the human genome and bias demographic inferences
Authors: Pouyet Fanny
Published: March 2020

Disentangling the effect on genomic diversity of natural selection from that of demography is notoriously difficult, but necessary to properly reconstruct the history of species. Here, we use high-quality human genomic data to show that purifying selection at linked sites (i.e. background selection, BGS) and GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) together affect as much as 95% of the variants of our genome. We find that the magnitude and relative importance of BGS and gBGC are largely determined by variation in recombination rate and base composition. Importantly, synonymous sites and non-transcribed regions are also affected, albeit to different degrees. Their use for demographic inference can lead to strong biases. However, by conditioning on genomic regions with recombination rates above 1.5 cM/Mb and mutation types (C↔G, A↔T), we identify a set of SNPs that is mostly unaffected by BGS or gBGC, and that avoids these biases in the reconstruction of human history. more
The effects of adenoidectomy of serum
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin
in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis
media with effusion
Authors: Żelazowska-Rutkowska Beata , Jacewicz Klaudia , Kasprzycka Edwina , Skotnicka Bożena , Cylwik Bogdan
Published: March 2020

Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin in hypertrophied adenoids in children suffering with or without otitis media with effusion before and after adenoidectomy.
Material and methods: Serum IGF-1 and ghrelin concentrations were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. The study was carried out in 20 children with otitis media with effusion. The reference group comprised 24 children with hypertrophied adenoid, while control group included 19 children.
Results: This mean values of IGF-1 in children with otitis media with effusion and children with hypertrophied adenoid before adenoidectomy were significantly lower than those found in healthy children. Serum levels of IGF-1 were higher after adenoidectomy. There was a significant difference of serum ghrelin levels between both examined groups and the control group.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that adenoidectomy in children with hypertrophied adenoids and in children with otitis media with effusion significantly increases the level of IGF-1 in serum compared to before surgery through the effect of the GH-IGF-1 axis, which could contribute to children’s growth.
Distribution pattern of developmental stages of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on the surface of citrus leaves
Authors: Dahmane Meriem , Chakali Gahdab
Published: March 2020

The leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is considered a potential serious pest of citrus in Algeria. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the ecophases of the citrus leafminer and the leaf surface of the Washington navel citrus variety. Practically all the examined leaves of the young shoots were occupied by at least a developmental stage of this insect. More than 80% of the leafminer ecophases were distributed on the lower surfaces of the leaves. A relationship is highlighted between the leaf surfaces and the stages evolution of citrus leafminer. The choice of area laying by females is decisive for the survival and evolution of stages of development of the insect in relationship with leaf age. The analysis of the eggs distribution revealed that young leaves, with leaf surface smaller than 2 cm², were significantly preferred by females for oviposition. However, the larvae were abundant on leaf surfaces smaller than 6 cm² which provide a favorable environment for the development of larvae in order to realize their respective gallery. The pupal stage was observed almost uniformly on all the analyzed area classes. These results could contribute to the guidelines for pest risk assessment highlighting the intervention for the protection of citrus orchards against heavy infestations of Phyllocnistis citrella.
Contributions to the knowledge of the San José scale (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) in Poland
Authors: Golan Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

In recent years, an increase abundance and harmfulness of the San José scale (Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock, 1881) has been reported from many European countries. In Poland, C. perniciosa was not observed after 1948–1949, when it was first collected, until it was found again in 2015. It is considered as the most serious pest infecting many different species of plants worldwide. Basic diagnostic information for the San José scale and the key to identify similar diaspidid species recorded in Poland is provided. Current knowledge regarding the biology, host plants, distribution, and control, as well as information regarding the life cycle of C. perniciosa in Poland is summarized.
Microplastics Exposure Routes and Toxicity Studies to Ecosystems: An Overview
Authors: Enyoh Christian Ebere , Shafea Leila , Verla Andrew Wirnkor , Verla Evelyn Ngozi , Qingyue Wang , Chowdhury Tanzin , Paredes Marcel
Published: March 2020

Microplastics (MPs) are now ubiquitous in global ecosystem, therefore all biota is at risk of exposure and potential toxicity. In this study, we presented an overview of information based on literature concerning exposure to MPs and the toxicity of such exposure. Currently, four major routes of exposure have been identified including entanglement, contact, ingestion and inhalation. Humans maybe the most exposed organism because they are at the peak of the food chain. Toxicology effect to marine and freshwater organisms are classified based on exposure dosage as either high (mortality, decreased reproductive output, organ damage) or low (changes in behavior with time). On plants, reports have shown that MPs exposure can affect negatively the growth and depending on exposure concentration and types of MPs and oxidative activities. However, effects on plants maybe short-term and transient. Although, toxicity studies regarding human are still ongoing as per reports, plants and animals are still scantly studied. Animal toxicity studies have widely used D. magna as model specie. MPs pollution may have a knock-on effect on trophic structure and functioning of ecosystems by affecting the base of the food chain. We concluded by identifying the gap in knowledge and give recommendations for future research.
Service Association Factor (SAF) for Cloud Service Selection and Recommendation
Authors: Rabbani Imran Mujaddid , Aslam Muhammad , Martinez Enriquez Ana Maria , Qudeer Zeeshan
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing is one of the leading technology in IT and computer science domain. Business IT infrastructures are equipping themselves with modern regime of clouds. In the presence of several opportunities, selection criteria decision becomes vital when there is no supporting information available. Global clouds also need evaluation and assessment from its users that what they think about and how new ones could make their selection as per their needs. Recommended systems were built to propose best services using customer's feedback, applying quality of service parameters, assigning scores, trust worthiness and clustering in different forms and models. These techniques did not record and use interrelationships between the services that is true impact of service utilization. In the proposed approach, service association factor calculates value of interrelations among services used by the end user. An intelligent leaning based recommendation system is developed for assisting users to select services on their respective preferences. This technique is evaluated on leading service providers and results show that learning base system performs well on all types of cloud models.
A Formal Technique for Composing Cloud Services
Authors: Barati Masoud
Published: March 2020

Recent cloud search engines lack a formal method in their service composition mechanisms to automatically build composite services realizing user requirements. This paper prescribes behavior composition framework as a formal tools for the search engines. The framework automatically synthesizes a controller that delegates the service operations requested by a cloud user to the proper available cloud services whose operations satisfy the request. Since most cloud search engines support semantic and ontology to discover similar service operations, the paper extends the framework to be more adaptable with such search engines through the use of resource reasoning. Several experiments are provided to demonstrate how the extended framework outperforms the original one in terms of realizing users’ requirements.
A Method for Finding Constrained Driver Nodes in Target Control of Network
Authors: Qiu Zhipeng
Published: March 2020

One of the ultimate goals of studying network dynamics and its properties is to control it. In the past 20 years, with the joint efforts of many scientists, the theory of controlling a whole network through a small set of nodes, which are called driver nodes (DN) has made great progress. However, the full control of networks may be neither feasible nor necessary in some real systems with huge size and high complexity, which motivate scientists to explore target control theory, i.e., the efficient control for a subset of nodes in a network through a small node set. And in a real network, there is another common situation, which is not each node can be easily accessed. Therefore, it is meaningful to explore the target control strategy under the condition that the driver nodes are constrained. In this paper, an effective method is proposed to make more DN be included in the constrained node set (CNs). We adopt the strategy of greedy algorithm to gradually constrain DN into CNs in the iterative process of target control. In each iteration, we will adjust the strategy of how to choose driver nodes according to some network properties. And a few experiments were presented to prove that the proposed method can make DN into CNs effectively in both Scale-free networks (SF) and Erdös-Rényi (ER) networks. Then, we explored the performance of this method in the case of local and random selection of target nodes, respectively. In addition, some factors that will affect the effects of this method were also explored in this paper. In the end, this method is proved valid through the verification of the real network data sets.
Shadow IT – Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Raković Lazar
Published: March 2020

Shadow IT coexists with mandated information systems. Developed and applied by non­IT domain experts, it is as a rule, but not exclusively, used for resolving non­routine issues, for which mandated IS does not have appropriate functions. Shadow IT solutions are not supported or controlled by IT departments. The aim of the paper is to show to which extent shadow IT has been researched, as this area has not yet received the necessary attention from both academia and business. A systematic literature review was conducted in order to find the papers covering the topic of shadow IT. The following electronic databases were searched: Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), Scopus (Elsevier), and AIS Electronic Library (The Association for Information Systems (AIS)).  More than half of the analysed papers are case studies in one or more organizations. The papers were published mostly in scientific conferences and in scientific journals. Based on the literature review, the reasons for shadow IT occurrence, the possibility of its management, as well as its advantages and disadvantages are presented. The most important conclusions and views regarding shadow IT, according to the authors’ opinion, are indicated at the end. The limitation of a systematic literature review is that only papers published in English are analysed. Besides identifying papers covering the shadow IT topics, the reasons for the emergence of shadow IT, the possibilities of its management and its advantages and disadvantages are systematized.
Applications of Optimal Control to Production Planning
Authors: Popescu Liviu
Published: March 2020

In this paper we solve a problem of optimization and production planning using the optimal control methods and Pontryagin Maximum Principle. We propose an economic model and find an optimal plan of production for n products, to ensure the required quantity at specified delivery data with minimum cost of inventory and production. We prove that the economic system is not controllable, in the sense that we cannot reach any final stock quantity. Finally, we justify this construction with a numerical example.
Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm for Delay-Sensitive Vehicular Safety Applications in Cellular Network
Authors: Wu Qiong , Fan Xiumei , Wei Wei , Wozniak Marcin
Published: March 2020

The vehicular safety applications disseminate the burst messages during an emergency scenario, but effort to reduce delay of communication are hampered by wireless access technology. As conventional VANET (Vehicular ad-hoc network) connected intermittently, the LTE-based framework has been established for the vehicular communication environment. However, resource allocation which affected by many factors, such as power, PRB (physical resource block), channel quality, are challenging to guarantee the safety services QoS in LTE downlink for OFDM. In order to solve the problem of safety message dissemination in LTE vehicular network, we proposed a delay-aware control policy by leveraging cross-layer approach to maximize the system throughput. First, we model the resource allocation problem using the queuing theory based on the MISO. Second, the method casts the problem of throughput and latency for dynamic communication system into a stochastic network optimization problem, and then makes tradeoffs between them by Lyapunov optimization technique. Finally, we use the improved the branch and bound algorithm to search optimal solution in system capacity region for these decomposed subproblems. The simulation results show that our algorithm can guarantee the delay while maximum system throughput
Multiplex Technology for Biomarker Immunoassays
Authors: Ahsan Haseeb , Ahmad Rizwan
Published: March 2020

The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample is an emerging area for achieving efficient and high-throughput detection in several applications. Although immunoanalytical techniques are established and advantageous over alternative screening analytical platforms, one of the challenges for immunoassays is multiplexing. While ELISA is still commonly used to characterise a single analyte, laboratories and organisations are moving towards multiplex immunoassays. The validation of novel biomarkers and their amalgamation into multiplex immunoassays confers the prospects of simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes in a single sample, thereby minimising cost, time and sample. Therefore, the technological advancement in clinical sciences is helpful in the identification of analytes or biomarkers in test samples. However, the analytical bioanalysers are expensive and capable of detecting only a small amount or type of analytes. The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample called multiplexing has become increasingly important for the quantification of pathological or toxicological samples. Although multiplex assays have many advantages over conventional assays, there are also problems that may cause apprehension among clinicians and researchers. Hence, many challenges still remain for these multiplexing systems which are at early stages of development.
The Robotic Touch
Authors: Lancaster Karen ,   The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World
Published: March 2020

An elderly patient in a care home only wants human nurses to provide her care – not robots. If she selected her carers based on skin colour, it would be seen as racist and morally objectionable, but is choosing a human nurse instead of a robot also morally objectionable and speciesist? A plausible response is that it is not, because humans provide a better standard of care than robots do, making such a choice justifiable. In this paper, I show why this response is incorrect, because robots can theoretically care as well as human nurses can. I differentiate between practical caring and emotional caring, and I argue that robots can match the standard of practical care given by human nurses, and they can simulate emotional care. There is growing evidence that people respond positively to robotic creatures and carebots, and AI software is apt to emotionally support patients in spite of the machine’s own lack of emotions. I make the case that the appearance of emotional care is sufficient, and need not be linked to emotional states within the robot. After all, human nurses undoubtedly ‘fake’ emotional care and compassion sometimes, yet their patients still feel adequately cared for. I show that it is a mistake to claim that ‘the human touch’ is in itself a contributor to a higher standard of care; ‘the robotic touch’ will suffice. Nevertheless, it is not speciesist to favour human nurses over carebots, because carebots do not (currently) suffer as the result of such a choice.
FRA BARTHOLIN TIL STRUENSEE
Authors: Paulli R.
Published: March 2020

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EN SALMEBOG, EN ALMANAK OG EN FOLKEVISE
Authors: Dal Erik
Published: March 2020

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FRA GRØNLANDS INKUNABELTID
Authors: Balle Povl
Published: March 2020

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TAVASTSTJERNA PÅ DET DANSKE BOGMARKED
Authors: Nielsen Torben
Published: March 2020

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DEN LAAGE-PETERSENSKE H. C. ANDERSENSAMLING
Authors: Dal Erik
Published: March 2020

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DE LÆRDE DYBVADER BOGTRYK OG SAMFUNDSKRITIK I DET 16. OG 17. ÅRHUNDREDE
Authors: Fink-Jensen Morten
Published: March 2020

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LIVIANA TITUS LIVIUS' ROMERSKE HISTORIE I TABTE, HELE OG DELE AF HÅNDSKRIFTER I DANMARK
Authors: Petersen Erik
Published: March 2020

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“En komponerende Dame”. Modtagelsen af Nancy Dalbergs musik i samtiden
Authors: Jensen Lisbeth Ahlgren
Published: March 2020

The article takes the form of an examination of the newspaper reviews of the first performances of Nancy Dalberg’s compositions in the years 1915 to 1937. In doing so, the aim was to find out why on the one hand she was considered one of her time’s foremost female composers but on the other hand has almost completely vanished from view in subsequent musical life. Newspaper reviewers generally devoted her great attention and in the beginning offered constructive criticism, considering her both talented and skilled in composition. But when in 1918 she offered herself as a symphonic composer, the critical tone became sharper, even though there was amazement that a woman should try her strength with such a prestigious musical genre as the symphony. However, lack of performance opportunities meant that she ceased to express herself in large-scale orchestral works but concentrated on composing chamber music and songs. The criticism of the songs in particular reveals an expectation that as a woman she should be expressing herself in a particularly feminine musical language, with an emphasis on the emotional and singable, but as she did nothing to meet these expectations, she was subjected to a rough ride. Close reading of newspaper critics shows that it was acceptable in society for a woman to manifest herself as an artist but that she was expected to express herself in a particular way which would not assail the prevailing conception of femininity. In other words, music criticism was characterised by a sexual ideology which prevented it from evaluating Nancy Dalberg’s compositions objectively. As a result her creative efforts were not taken seriously and gradually she lost the confidence to present herself as a composer. Apparently value-neutral criticism thus proves to be both a communicator of sexual ideology and responsible for maintaining a particular view of women artists.
De billige bøgers indtog i dansk boghandel 1908-1918
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

In the autumn of 1908, publisher John Martin embarked on his series of translated literary works at 50 øre apiece, the so-called “half-krone editions”, soon supplemented by the slightly weightier “standard editions” at one krone apiece. One important factor for these cheap editions was the large print-run of around 10,000 copies, not seldom rising to 20,000 or more. The established book trade initially stood aloof and criticised Martin’s sales methods, but their success could not be denied, and little by little other publishers followed suit with book series at similar prices. Finally, the largest and dominant publisher, Gyldendal, gave in to the cheap book trend, when in 1916-17, following Martin’s example, it issued both a half-krone and a one-krone series of translated novels, which rapidly achieved impressions of 25-34,000 copies. Other cheap books in large print-runs were sold outside the regular bookshops by direct sale to customers through tempting advertisements in newspapers and magazines. This method succeeded not least for Heinrich Matthiasen and his “Kunstforlaget Danmark” company, which, like Martin’s house, started up in 1908 and is thought to have culminated in 1913 with a production of 2,545,000 books, including a five-volume edition of Ingemann in 150,000 copies. As did certain other publishers, Matthiasen exploited the fact that large batches of books could be bound very cheaply, and he made most of his profit from selling ready-bound books. Several of the cheap book series named in the article are recorded under their series name in the Danish Book List, whereas it is hard to get a clear idea of “Kunstforlaget Danmark’s” production. For this reason, a concluding appendix lists these books up to 1915/16, with the exception of books with fewer than 160 pages.
Nordisk forår. Stiftelsen af foreningen Norden
Authors: Nielsen Jan Ahtola
Published: March 2020

At the outbreak of the First World War, relations between the Scandinavian countries were not exactly cordial. The dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905 had created deep divisions in the Nordic region, and only during the War did Nordic cooperation regain its place of honour. The authorities were engaging in diplomatic and trade cooperation to try to ease the huge difficulties which the war between the Great Powers was causing. This stimulated Nordically minded opinion, which was not blind to the opportunities created by the outside pressure. The idea of a Nordic association for strengthening Nordic cooperation was launched by Danish ophthalmologist C.F. Heerfordt, but differences in opinion among the Danish Nordicists on how best to tackle the matter restricted the numbers taking up membership in the association which Heerfordt was instrumental in founding in Denmark in June 1917. Through his active lobbying in Sweden, Heerfordt provided the impulse for the foundation of a corresponding Swedish association, but several of the leading Swedish Nordicists held aloof from the ophthalmologist’s advances, partly owing to his federal ambitions for Nordic cooperation. In April 1918, instead of entering a partnership with the Danish association, the Swedish Nordicists approached a small group of prominent Danish Nordicists under the leadership of the influential conservative politician and industrialist Alexander Foss, and it was this small group which was chiefly responsible for founding the Danish “Norden” Association in April 1919. Heerfordt and his supporters had given their approval for the new initiative, but were unable to give it unconditional backing. The Swedes had proposed that the associations should work for political and economic rapprochement between the Nordic countries, but this met fierce Norwegian resistance, and the aim was changed to the mere strengthening of cultural and economic cooperation.
Auksjonen over magistratspresident Willemsens boksamling. Et bidrag til bokhandelens historie i Christiania
Authors: Bjerke Ernst
Published: March 2020

In February 1793 the library of the Councillor of State Wilhelm Frederik Willemsen was sold at auction in Christiania. Of the 1.491 volumes about 200 are today to be found in the library of the Oslo (formerly Christiania) Cathedral School. The collection comprised books in several fields, but the majority were books on natural history, in particular mineralogy, economics and mining sciences. The total price – including his library and office furniture – was nearly 1.500 riksdaler, equivalent to half the selling price of his townhouse. Even though auctions were arguably the most important form of book trade in Norway during the eighteenth century, hardly any work has been done to shed light on them. After Willemsen’s death, the young widow ordered her late husbands library to be sold. The auction was advertised in newspapers and the catalogue distributed in several near-by towns. Nonetheless, the vast majority of the 50 buyers were local and state dignitaries and officials. The auction was seemingly one of the most important social events of that year. Among the buyers were most of the town’s large scale lumber merchants, such as the brothers Anker and James Collett; officers, among them general von Haxthausen and major general Lützow; several city officials; the later Minister of State Sommerhjelm; the English consul John Mitchell; as well as a few clergymen and wealthy farmers. Seven of the buyers had knocked down to them more than fifty volumes each.Among them was the late Willemsen’s father-in-law. Six of them – all wealthy men – bought books in all formats, while a local French-teacher, Ehlers, though one of the large scale buyers, bought only inexpensive octavo and duodecimo volumes. There is no doubt that the complete series of auction records kept in the regional State archive of Oslo – as well as similar material kept in other regional archives – is the single most important source for the study of Norwegian book ownership in the eighteenth century. However, they have yet to be studied.
Monologen der blev væk. Herman Bangs “Efter Ballet” genfundet
Authors: Jürgensen Knud Arne
Published: March 2020

Herman Bang’s reputation as one of our greatest impressionist fiction writers is now undisputed. The assessment of his work as a playwright, on the other hand, is more complicated. This might seem surprising considering that Bang in particular, more than so many other writers, was a master at describing and “delineating” his fellow human beings by means of what they said and how they expressed themselves. Over the years Bang wrote a total of 14 plays and lesser theatrical works plus three translations of plays, all of which, with two exceptions, were performed at the leading Danish and Scandinavian theatres of the day, with a single work also being staged in Paris. None of these works was a conclusive success with either the public or the critics, however. The exception may be the recently discovered monologue entitled “Efter Ballet” (After the Ball), which Bang wrote in the summer of 1880. It represents one of his earliest public appearances as a playwright and was written for Betty Borchsenius (1850-90), one of the leading actresses of the day, who was very close to him at this time and whom he directed in both his own and other people’s dramatic works on several occasions. Bang referred to this monologue as one of his best and happiest pieces of work for the theatre in a number of contexts. The manuscript for “Efter Ballet” that has now been rediscovered in all probability represents the author’s own personal director’s copy, as it contains underlinings of the monologue’s many interesting stage directions and a number of linguistic corrections made by Bang himself. The manuscript’s highly significant directions regarding the principal character’s movements on stage are characteristic of Herman Bang the director. Even in this early work it is possible, for example, to trace the striving towards a theatrical naturalism that Bang worked so tirelessly to achieve in his lifelong activities as a director. The article introduces this hitherto unpublished piece of drama and also reprints an extended biographical essay he wrote about the monologue’s interpreter.
Sådan begyndte det. Om Fund og Forsknings forhistorie
Authors: Birkelund Palle
Published: March 2020

Fhv. rigsbibliotekar Palle Birkelund supplerer redegørelsen for tidsskriftets første 50 år, trykt i årg. 43, 2004.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Rasmussen Stig T. , Eide Elisabeth S. , Dreyer Kirsten
Published: March 2020

Stig T. Rasmussen anmelder:Koranen. Oversat af Ellen Wulff. Forlaget Vandkunsten, 2006. 540 s. Elisabeth S. Eide anmelder:Harald Ilsøe: Biblioteker til salg. Om danske bogauktioner og kataloger 16611811. Museum Tusculanums Forlag 2007. 261 s. (Danish Humanist Texts and Studies 31). Kirsten Dreyer anmelder:H.C. Andersens brevveksling med familien Melchior. 1-3. Udgivet med indledning og kommentar af Niels Oxenvad. Fynske Studier XXI. Forlaget Odense Bys Museer 2007. 396 s. + 398 s. + 411 s.
Georg Brandes' billeder
Authors: Dahlerup Pil
Published: March 2020

NB: Artiklen er på dansk, kun resuméet er på engelsk. Pil Dahlerup: Georg Brandes’ pictures Georg Brandes’ interest for the visual arts is well-known but has not been subject to any closer studies. In this article, the young Georg Brandes’ relation to visual arts in the period of 1860-1866 is examined on the basis of published and unpublished texts from his hand including his diaries and letters. The emphasis is laid on his interest in sculp­ture, the art of painting and photography. While at the same being busily engaged in his studies – firstly law, later aesthetics – he visited with his friend Julius Lange, who would later become a well-known art historian, all Danish exhibitions and museums in Copenhagen and acquired an in-depth knowledge of the painters and sculptors of the time. Foreign artists were studied by the two friends through Julius Lange’s photo­graphs. It is interesting per se to see this side of Georg Brandes’ personality unfolded. At the same time, it can be proven that it was the visual arts and in particular the portrait painting and the genre painting that sparked Georg Brandes’ development from idealism to realism. And that is not all. To the young Georg Brandes the visual arts offered richer modes of expression than literature, and he tried to transfer the sensuousness of the visual arts to the verbal arts. Thus, he contributed to The Visual Turn in the second half of the century, i.e. the development that turned vision into the dominant sense and the picture into the dominant medium.