bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, awareness and prevention of cervical cancer among women attending a rural based tertiary care centre, Theni, South India
Authors: Sambath Shanthadevi , Chandrasekaran Madhumitha
Published: January 2018

Background: Cervical carcinoma is the most common genital cancer in India and a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Cervical cancer is both preventable and curable, yet morbidity and mortality from the disease remain high especially in developing countries. Request for cervical cancer screening is exceedingly low among women due to lack of awareness of cervical cancer and the screening methodsMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 200 women attending Gynaecology OPD in Government Theni Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu. We studied the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of patients, about cervical cancer and the screening methods in a tertiary institution. They were interviewed with predesigned questionnaire after getting informed consent.Results: Of the 200 patients surveyed, 74 (37%) had heard of cervical cancer, while 44 (22%) knew about screening, with health care providers being their most frequent source of information. Only 26 (13%) women ever had screening done and no one is aware of HPV vaccine.Conclusions: Adequate health information and counselling on cervical cancer and regular screening still need to be emphasized in developing countries so as to reverse the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer.
A prospective randomised clinical trial of prophylactic antibiotic in caesarean delivery and fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Mandal Apurba , Chattopadhyay Shibram , Nayak Pragnya Paramita , Panja Sudakshina , Bhattacharyya Shritanu , Mandal Tanmay
Published: January 2018

Background: Infectious maternal and perinatal morbidities are 5 to 20 times more in caesarean section when compared to vaginal births. Objective of present study was to assess the rates of maternal and neonatal infectious morbidities following administration of antibiotic before skin incision compared to given after umbilical cord clamping during caesarean delivery.Methods: 185 pregnant women with gestational periods more than 34 weeks who were prepared for caesarean delivery, randomized to single dose antibiotic given either before skin incision (study group) or after umbilical cord clamping (control group). Primary outcome measures: maternal postoperative infections morbidities. Secondary outcome measures: neonatal infections morbidities with Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) admissions and postoperative hospital stay of mother.Results: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and postoperative fever were significantly less in the study group than the control group so also the lesser incidences of endometritis but no statistically significant difference in the incidence of peritonitis and wound dehiscence were observed in both groups. No significant differences were seen in neonatal infectious morbidities and SNCU admission when compared in both groups. There was significantly less mean postoperative hospital stay of mothers in the group who received prophylactic antibiotic pre-incision.Conclusions: Antibiotic given 30-60 minutes before skin incision significantly decreases maternal postoperative infectious morbidities barring neonate.
Uterine necrosis following B Lynch suture: a rare complication
Authors: Chaudhary Susheela , Singh Parul , B. Meenakshi , Gupta Anjali , Ramola Monika
Published: January 2018

The B-Lynch uterine suture brace is a relatively new technique used for treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. These uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been time tested. Very few complications have been reported following B Lynch suture. These include Asherman’s syndrome, hematometra, pyometra, localized areas of uterine necrosis and full-thickness defects in the lower uterine segment or uterine fundus and erosion of uterine wall. Herewith, reporting a case of 23-year-old woman who underwent cesarean section for breech presentation. She had atonic PPH for which uterine artery ligation was done along with B-lynch suture. She developed uterine necrosis for which hysterectomy was done. Microsections showed that endometrial cavity was filled with gangrenous slough extending to variable extent in myometrium and cervix.
A rare case of post-partum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Singh Akhileshwar , Singh Sanjay , Vardhan Shakti
Published: January 2018

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare neurologic emergency during pregnancy. Life threatening complications can be prevented if it is detected and treated well in time. A 24 years P2L3A2 lady, who had undergone elective caesarean delivery developed sudden onset severe episodic parieto-occipital headache and bilateral diminution of vision on 4th post-partum day. She had no known risk factors for thrombosis. There was no history suggestive of sepsis or pre-eclampsia. On clinical examination her blood pressure was found to be very high (164-180/104-110 mm Hg). There was no sensory or motor deficit. Relevant haematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Urinary protein was negative. With a provisional diagnosis of imminent eclampsia, she was put on antihypertensive and Magnesium Sulphate. However, in view of persistence of the symptoms even after 24 hours, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was done, which revealed venous infarction in occipital cortex and subcortical white matter. Magnetic resonance (MR) venography confirmed thrombus in left transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Thus, definitive treatment in the form of heparin in therapeutic doses was started. Antihypertensive was continued and prophylactic anticonvulsant was added in view of presence of the infarction. Patient responded well. Vision improved, and headache resolved completely. The patient was discharged on antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and vitamin K antagonist (Warfarin sodium) with an advice of regular follow-up. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon entity and a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose it at an earlier stage for timely initiation of treatment and prevention of complications. Prognosis in pregnant cases is better than that during a non-pregnant state.
The journey to a paperless clinical research unit
Authors: Sheblaq Nagham , Al-Kaiyat Mohammad , Al-Qudimat Ahmad , Jazieh Abdulrahman
Published: January 2018

Healthcare industry started using electronic health records (EHR) and turning into paperless hospitals. This paperless environment has many benefits include enhancement of patient safety and error reduction. Clinical research has evolved significantly over the years and resulted in saving the lives of millions of people and alleviate the suffering of more. Paperwork and proper documentation and storage of documents are essentials aspects when conducting clinical research. Clinical research unit (CRU) is dedicated to assist the principal investigator (PI) in proper coordination, statistical, epidemiological, logistical and methodological supports for any clinical research project in high quality, professional manner and in compliance with the local / global ethical and regulatory standards.
Risk factors of dementia: a comparative study among the geriatric age group in Ernakulam, Southern India
Authors: Lalu Jishnu S. , Vijayakumar Priya , George Sobha , Nair Amal V. , B. Arjun
Published: January 2018

Background: Dementia is the global deterioration of the individual’s intellectual, emotional and cognitive faculties in a state of normal consciousness. Dementia impacts personal, family and societal life. It reduces life span, induces caregiver’s strain at family level and over utilizes health care facility. This study was aimed at describing the risk factors attributing to dementing disorders for developing preventive measures to slow down the incidence of dementia. Methods: The study was conducted in geriatrics OPD of a tertiary hospital in South India. A total of 50 dementia patients and 50 controls aged more than 65 years were selected for the study in a period of 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: 40% in the age group of 65-74 years, 61% in the age group of 75-84 years and 63.6% in the age >85 years had dementia. 43.5% of males and 55.5% of females had dementia. Multivariate analysis was done to find out the independent predictors of dementia. Among the morbidities dyslipidemia 3.93 (1.12-13.87) and COPD/bronchial asthma 4.57 (1.02-20.55), less than 5 days of fruit consumption 14.98 (38-59), hearing loss 4.67 (1.15-18.91) were found to be independent risk factors for dementia. Living alone was found to be a protective factor 0.029 (0.003-0.29). Conclusions: Our study reported various risk factors of dementia that were in agreement with findings from other studies conducted in India. Avoidable risk factors such as living alone, fruit intake and control of comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and COPD/bronchial asthma needs more attention in old age group.
Environmental awareness in university students and the affecting factors
Authors: Tekin Cigdem , Gunes Gulsen
Published: January 2018

Background: The disruption of the ecological system and the environmental destructions require that we review our relations with the outer world and therefore increase our awareness on environmental problems as individuals. This study has been conducted to determine the environmental awareness levels of the first and fourth grade university students studying at different academic fields, and investigate the factors that affect the awareness levels of them. Methods: The study was designed in the descriptive style and was applied to first and fourth grade 384 students studying at various faculties of Inonu University in 2015-2016 academic years. The “Environmental Attitude Scale” was used in data collection. Results: The environmental attitude points of the first grade students were found to be 101.33±12.28, and those of the fourth graders were found to be 98.30±14.54 (p<0.05). The average point of the students who studied at Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences was 111.10±11.61, and those who studied at Engineering Faculty was 104.73±12.81, and was found to be higher than the other faculties(p<0.05).Conclusions: The environmental attitudes of the first grade students and the students who studied at Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and Engineering Faculty were found to be higher; and the attitudes of the students who studied at Faculty of Dentistry were found to be lower. The educational status of the parents of the students, their living area in which they lived most of the time and their status of having hobbies are the other factors that influence the average points.
Factors affecting strategic plan execution process in public healthcare
Authors: Shopati Abner Kukeyinge , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore , Aipinge Lydia Penomuntu
Published: January 2018

Background: The managers of healthcare Organization must confront numerous impediments and curbs issues that significantly contribute to the trial of quantifying, testing, and meritoriously use execution strategies that work in healthcare setting. The aim of the research is to explore and confirm the active factors of failure for the strategic plan execution in state healthcare in Namibia. Methods: The research utilized quantitative approach, a survey design and questionnaire was employed to collect data. The study used Gaskin’s CFA/SEM procedure  and applies the SPSS 23 AMOS plugins, Pattern Matrix Model Builder” (PMMB), “Master Validity” (MV), “Model fit measures” (MFM) to validate and determine the interrelationships between variables. Results: Studying literature, 17 variables were recognized and Implementation failure factors (IFF) model with two key factors was established, IFF for strategic plan formulation and IFF for strategic plan implementation. The factors were then reduced using exploratory factor analysis which is evaluated using Principal Axis Factoring with Direct Oblimin rotation. Structural modelling equation (SEM) approach was used, variables were assembled into 4 factors dimension measurement. This model, recognized four factors, contextual dimensions (0.34), content dimensions (0.31), operational dimensions (0.23) and Structural dimensions (0.04) are the main reasons for failure of strategic plan implementation in public health care in Namibia. Conclusions: The research shows that exploring and confirming implementation failure factors in public healthcare organization in developing countries, it will be plausible to consider IFFs for strategic plan formulation and IFFs for strategic plan implementation. Structural equation modelling/CFA has been run to prove the validity of basic IFFs in this research.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding oral cancers amongst secondary school students in Lucknow district
Authors: Talib Mohammad , Gupta Pratibha , Bhardwaj Pankaj
Published: January 2018

Background: The world at present is heading towards various types of non communicable diseases which are also known as modern epidemics. Oral cancer is the eleventh most common cancer in the world. It accounts for approximately 2.4 percent of all cancers with high incidence rate in developing countries. Globally, it represents an incidence of 3% and 2% of all cancers among men and women respectively. The aim of the study is to assess Knowledge and Practices about oral cancers amongst the students of intermediate college. Methods: Study design was a cross sectional study. Study population was a list of intermediate colleges from Block Kakori was prepared with the help of social workers of the Department of Community Medicine. Two schools from the list were randomly selected by simple random sampling. Study area was at Kakori Block. Study duration was on July 2011- October 2011. Sample size was a total of 180 students were enrolled for the study who were present at the time of data collection. Data was tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed giving descriptive information. Results: Tobacco and alcohol are considered most potent causative agents of oral cancer by the majority (91.1% and 74.4%) of the students.51.1% of students considered it a blood disease, 25% of students told that it is infectious. When asked about knowledge regarding signs and symptoms of oral cancer majority (61.7%) of the students told that indigestion or difficulty in swallowing, unusual weight loss/gain (54.4%) and nagging change or hoarseness of voice by 41.1% students. Television emerges as the source of information about cancer for 55.00% students. 11.10% of students admitted to be using tobacco regularly with cigarette/bidi (42.3%) being the most common type of tobacco usage followed by gutka (30.8%). Conclusions: There is very much need of spreading more awareness about cancer and its prevalence. Correlation between oral cancers and tobacco abuse needs to be highlighted. Significant number of students was not having adequate awareness about signs and symptoms of oral cancers.
Socioeconomic and health correlates disability in India
Authors: Mishra Radhe Shyam , Mohanthy Sanjay K.
Published: January 2018

Background: Disabled people suffered from multiple deprivations; poor health, low educational attainment, lower work participation and higher incidence of poverty. With demographic and epidemiological transition, the prevalence of disability also increases. This paper examines the socio economic and health correlates of disability in India. Methods: The unit data from District Level Household Survey (DLHS 4), is used in the analysis. Seven type of disability; namely, mental, visual, hearing, speech, locomotor, multiple, and any disability are analysed. Bi-variate and logistic regression analysis has been used to examine the association between disability and its socioeconomic, health covariates. Results: Prevalence of any disability was 2800 per 100,000 population in India. Prevalence of disability in non-empowered action group (EAG) states was highest for visual (800) followed by locomotor, hearing and mental. Age gradient of disability is quite strong; about 1140 person had any disability by age 10 compared to 3290 by age 40 years. Economic differentials in disability is large. Prevalence of any disability was 3680 among poorest wealth quintile compared to 2540 among richest. Conclusions: Disability was significantly higher in poor, less educated and older adults.
Utilization of vitamin A supplementation services in high priority districts of Bihar
Authors: Sinha Nivedita , Sinha Rajesh R. , Krishna Ajay , Singh Rashmi
Published: January 2018

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major preventable public health problem. Prevalence of VAD in preschool children was 5.7% (India), and 4.5% (Bihar). India is implementing biannual Vitamin A Supplementation (VAS) since 2007 along with 80 other countries. VAS was originally proposed as a short term measure, followed by dietary improvement. Since vulnerability to VAD is more in high priority districts (HPDs), it was deemed worthwhile to study the extent to which VAS programme is utilized in the 10 HPDs of Bihar with respect to the processes involved and the ultimate outcome of empowering the community with knowledge and capacity to combat VAD on their own.Methods: Cross sectional observational study conducted in 6 randomly selected blocks and 5 session sites per block of the 10 HPDs. 300 sites sampled for processes and 893 caregivers interviewed for their knowledge.Results: Out of 300 sites, 269 sites found functional, 30.85% sites had due lists and 30.11% had MCP cards; 20.44% had adequate VA. IEC displayed at 52.78% and 71.3% sessions conducted in shade. In 79.55% sites efforts made to determine age of child before administration. Correct use of recommended spoon known to 80.66%, benefits of VA to 76.57% and diseases due to VAD to 81.7% of FLWs. Knowledge regarding VA good in 33.4% of caregivers, average in 35.5%, and poor in 30.9%.Conclusions: Crucial gaps found in necessary inputs and conduct of VAS. Community knowledge found lacking for sustainable programme withdrawal. Better programme management will improve utilization.
Prevalence, risk factors and attitude of parents towards childhood obesity among school children in Bangalore city
Authors: Dasappa Hemavathi , Fathima Farah Naaz , Ganesh Krithika , Prasad Shankar
Published: January 2018

Background: Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, risk factor attitude of parents towards obesity and overweight among the school children between the age group of 6-13 years.Methods: A structured questionnaire was filled by the parents and weight and height was measured by school nurse in a private school in Bangalore city.Results: Prevalence of overweight was 13.20% and obesity was 17.13%. Birth weight and sport was strongly associated with the prevalence. Sports protect the child from the overweight and obesity. Parent’s perception about their child’s BMI status was good. Parent’s attitude of having meal with their child and their estimation of child’s physical activity was protective and the attitude of controlling diet of the child was a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Though the parents were able to estimate their child as overweight and obese they were not willing for further advice.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. Higher birth weights, parental attitude of controlling child’s diet are the potential risk factors. Involvement in sports, parental attitude of having food with child and awareness about their physical activity are protective.
A comparative study of MRI versus arthroscopic findings in ACL and meniscal injuries of the knee
Authors: Kulkarni Omkar P. , Pundkar Ganesh N. , Sonar Satish B.
Published: January 2018

Background: This study was conducted to compare accuracy of MRI findings taking arthroscopy as standard in knee injuries.

Methods: All patients attending our hospital with knee injury underwent clinical examination. Out of them 100 patients with knee injury were subjected to clinical examination, MRI and then Arthroscopy. The results were compared and analyzed using various statistical tests. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on these arthroscopic and MRI findings.

Results: The accuracy of clinical diagnosis in our study was 88% for ACL tears and 85% for meniscal tears. Our study proved high sensitivity and specificity and almost high accuracy for ACL injuries of knee joint in comparison to arthroscopy. MRI is an excellent screening tool for therapeutic arthroscopy. We can avoid diagnostic arthroscopy in patients with knee injuries having equivocal clinical and MRI examination and go on for therapeutic modality.

Conclusions: For the assessment of ligamentous and meniscal injuries magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accurate and noninvasive modality. It can be used as a first line investigation but arthroscopy still remains gold standard in diagnosing ACL and meniscal injuries.

 
Aplasia cutis congenita associated with epidermolysis bullosa in a Nigerian child
Authors: Ochigbo Sunday O. , Kingsley Anachunna I. , Antigha Cobham E. , Jacob Udo J.
Published: January 2018

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) associated with epidermolysis bullosa is a rare heterogeneous congenital cutaneous lesion characterized by absence of skin mostly involving the epidermis and dermis. ACC commonly affect the scalp in 75% of cases but can affect other sites like the trunk and limbs. It is highly heterogeneous and inherited either as autosomal dominant, recessive or caused by a new mutation. The exact cause is unknown although some intrauterine conditions may play a role in the etiology. Anticonvulsants and antithyroid drugs have also been implicated. The condition can coexist with other syndromes. Our patient was 2.95 kg female baby delivered via emergency caesarean section (CS) due to previous CS and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) at gestational age (GA) of 42 weeks. After delivery, we observed skin defects which measured 6 cm×4 cm and 2 cm×2.5 cm on the shin and dorsum of the right foot respectively. There were loose fragment of skin and blisters around the hypopigmented edges of the lesion. Milia were observed on the dorsum of the foot; hence patient was classified into group VI Friedens classification of ACC. The lesion was conservatively managed and dressed daily using gauze-impregnated with honey. The lesion healed within 2 weeks and 4 weeks review showed no residual scar. We recommend conservative management with honey in the absence of deep tissue loss as observed in our patient, as well as educate parents on the need to avoid aggravating factors.
New Patronage Networks of Pemuda Pancasila in Governor Election of North Sumatra In 2013
Authors: Amin Muryanto , . Sismudjito , Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti
Published: January 2018

This research is motivated by the emergence of the "thugs" as local actors in North Sumatra that play a role in supporting Gatot Pudjonugroho as a candidate for Governor of North Sumatra. The majority of local actors were coming from a cadre of Pemuda Pancasila. They do not just rely on violence and money owned, but they have a network to rulers in the region. They can use that capacity to gain access to the resources of the local government and maximize the power network owned. The main theory is used Bossism theory of John T. Sidel and Group Violence written by Masaaki and Rozaki. A case study approach and qualitative analysis and typology chosen as a way to draw up a written interpretation of the data, interview and observation. The findings show that a form of intimidation by members of the Pemuda Pancasila is threatening physical beatings and create inconvenience voters who did not vote candidate supported. The pattern of mobilization on the basis of patron-client pyramid. Model relationship that exists between the Pemuda Pancasila with the bureaucracy, businessmen, and local print media carried out on symbiotic mutualism. The phenomenon appears and the persistence of local bosses and violent groups identify their distinctive differences in North Sumatra. A contribution to Political Science theory perspective found in this study is called Theory of New Patronage Network of Local Boss
La Peine de Mort et le Droit à la Vie.
Authors: Mendy Louis
Published: January 2018

Death Penalty has been practiced since human beings decided to constitute nations and live in countries. It was institutionalized to get rid of people who were supposed to be harmful to societies. However, proponents of Capital Punishment do not seem to understand that people may be executed because of their evil acts, but their death will never wipe evil out of their societies.

Since the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by a very large majority of countries in the world, the legality and legitimacy of Death Penalty have been constantly questioned by human rights defenders. Even the three major and revealed religions: Christianity, Judaism and Islam recognize that life is a sacred right from God. For the people who are against Death Penalty, Capital Punishment is akin to a premeditated voluntary homicide by a government.

Even if Death Penalty is considered as a deterrent in many societies, it has never been proven that it can stop people from committing murders. The abolition of Death Penalty is nowadays a moral duty for all governments. Even a moratorium is proposed to countries which have not abolished it yet. The tendency today is the total abolition of Capital Punishment in the world and its restoration by countries that have already abolished it is something unheard of, retrograde and senseless.
Estimating Louisiana Crawfish Hatchery Production Function: An Application of Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Authors: Oluwade Bukola  B. , Frimpong Augustine Adu
Published: January 2018

It is an undeniable fact that the Louisiana Crawfish production over the years has been produced from wild habitats, mainly from the Atchafalaya River basin, which seems to be a factor of seasonality. Following the statistics of the total Crawfish production between 2004 and 2005 seasons, it was underscored that more than 82 million pounds of crawfishes were produced. Out of the 82 million capacity of crawfishes produced between 2004 and 2005, approximately 74 million pounds of Crawfishes were obtain from regular crawfish farms and more than 8 million pounds of crawfishes were harvested from natural habitats by the activities of approximately 1,100 fishermen. However, many of the crawfish farmers rely on natural reproduction system by unharnessed crawfish from the previous year or on mature crawfish that are stocked to produce young naturally. In addition, it is a fact that Crawfish aquaculture in the Louisiana State does not rely on hatchery system of operations. This has been a hindrance on the part of the crawfish farmers to stabilize the populating capacities of their ponds with crawfishes now (or currently) and in the near future. Therefore, this current study tends to model and investigate the Louisiana crawfish production with a control variable of hatching system by following the Cobb-Douglas production function/ theory. The study adopted a cross-sectional data collection procedure to sampled 320 crawfish farmers in the State of Louisiana with the help of Cluster random sampling technique. The study revealed that the engagement/involvement of crawfish farmers' in the hatchery system of production in the State of Louisiana are associated with the influence of labor cost and its availability; the cost of hatchery equipment; the size of the storage facility; initial estimation cost of capital; genetic effect of interbreeding; government regulation; and climatic conditions. The study recommended that the Louisiana State government and the other key stakeholders should do a frequent evaluation of the goals and performance of hatchery programs in a transparent manner to the benefit of the crawfish farmers, and also make available to the farmers with Federal and local government funds and expertise guidelines. Again, it was also recommended that policymakers should place a priority on research that will aid in developing solutions to potential problems and quantify factors affecting the relative reproductive success, and the long-term fitness of populations in order to influence the hatchery systems.
The impact of Transformational leadership on the organizational innovation
Authors: Naguib Hend Mohamed , Naem Abd El-Hamed Mostafa Abou
Published: January 2018

Stemming from leadership theory, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between Transformational leadership and organizational innovation. Relying on a sample of 103..Egyptian corporations,  our findings suggest that transformational leadership affect organizational innovation , top management support mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation input , resource supply mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation outcomes, both of top management support and resource supply mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation process .The discussion section offers implications for transformational leadership and innovation literature , as well as practical implications.. This study contributes to the research stream of transformational leadership, providing insights also to innovationand innovation climate literatureresearch.
EXPANSÃO DO SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO NO BRASIL: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES
Authors: Silveira Leonardo José , Carvalho Natalya Dayrell de
Published: January 2018

O aumento da produção de biocombustíveis no mundo é um fato. Neste artigo apresentamos algumas reflexões referentes à expansão da indústria canavieira no Brasil. Sem desconsiderar o contexto histórico de formação do território brasileiro e sua relação com a cultura da cana, nosso recorte temporal parte da criação do Proálcool, em 1975, até os dias atuais. Para tanto, buscou-se levantamento bibliográfico de documentos como “O Estado Mundial da Agricultura e da Alimentação” (ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA A AGRICULTURA E ALIMENTAÇÃO, 2008) e o Relatório da Anistia Internacional - 2008, além de outros importantes textos para fundamentar a discussão. O objetivo é trazer contribuições e elementos para a questão a fim de ampliar o debate, que se faz necessário na ordem do dia. Observa-se atualmente no país, o incentivo do Estado em expandir as áreas cultivadas pela cana. Tal empenho, que inclui financiamentos e isenção de impostos, vem de encontro às ordens internacionais relacionadas aos biocombustíveis, ao invés de primar pela promoção do desenvolvimento nacional, em seu aspecto mais amplo. Nesse sentido, traçamos um panorama da recente expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira no sentido Centro-Sul do país, especificamente, na região do Triângulo Mineiro, Estado de Minas Gerais. Buscou-se levantar a discussão no âmbito sócio-ambiental, problematizando a produção dessa fonte de energia, supostamente “limpa”; correlacionar a precarização e involução geradas nas relações de trabalho, bem como os problemas de ordem ambiental, criados por esta monocultura. As análises nos conduzem a importantes reflexões sobre a real necessidade dos biocombustíveis e os possíveis desdobramentos desencadeados por esta opção. Palavras-chave: setor sucroalcooleiro. Cana-de-açúcar. Precarização do trabalho Triângulo Mineiro.
Apresentação
Authors: Sandalo Maria Filomena , Abaurre Maria Bernadete
Published: January 2018

Os trabalhos reunidos neste número temático dos Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos abordam questões de morfologia e fonologia dentro do quadro gerativista. Além de trabalhos de pesquisadores da área convidados especialmente para participar deste volume, trazemos textos de nossos orientandos cujas pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas no âmbito do projeto temático Fronteiras e Assimetrias em Fonologia e Morfologia (FAPESP 12/17869-7). Priorizamos trabalhos em morfologia. Cinco artigos abordam vários fenômenos associados à palavra dentro do quadro teórico da Morfologia Distribuída. A questão da arquitetura da gramática sob diferentes perspectivas teóricas é tema de um dos artigos deste volume. Incluem-se, ainda, neste volume dois artigos em fonologia. Um deles discute a relação entre aspectos acústicos e gramática fonológica. O outro discute a relação entre a fonologia métrica e poesia.
O acesso à morfologia por processos fonológicos variáveis e a arquitetura da gramática
Authors: Schwindt Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2018

Muitos processos fonológicos variáveis nas línguas do mundo são descritos como sujeitos a algum tipo de condicionamento morfológico. Neste texto, discutimos o que se pode entender mais precisamente como condicionamento morfológico, com foco principalmente em  fenômenos do português brasileiro. Além disso, avaliamos como as arquiteturas da Fonologia e Morfologia Lexical, da Morfologia Distribuída e da Teoria da Otimidade lidam com o acesso à morfologia por fenômenos fonológicos de natureza variável.
El se aspectual y causa en el Español de Lima
Authors: Camacho Rafael
Published: January 2018

Analizando datos de la variedad limeña (Perú), este trabajo intenta desarrollar la hipótesis de que en las construcciones con Se aspectual (Juan se comió la manzana) hay un nudo Causa presente. Considero que introducir un nudo Causa equivale a introducir dos roles causativos: Causer y Causee. Asumiendo el trabajo de Pylkkänen (2002, 2008) clasifico al español como una lengua voice-bundling y root-selecting. Una lengua de este tipo no debería permitir causativizar verbos inacusativos o transitivos, de acuerdo con la autora; sin embargo, el clítico aspectual haría posible esa causativización. Este clítico tendría una función reflexiva; específicamente, se encargaría de convertir a uno de los argumentos del verbo en un Causee o Causer, por tanto, no sería necesario ingresar un Causee o Causer diferente, la razón de la imposibilidad mencionada.
Assimetrias na harmonia vocálica em português do Brasil
Authors: Sandalo Maria Filomena , Abaurre Maria Bernadete
Published: January 2018

É comum, em processos de harmonia vocálica, que a vogal /a/ não se comporte como um gatilho. Este é o caso, por exemplo, do iorubá (cf. Archangeli e Pulleyblank 1989). Embora o iorubá apresente harmonia vocálica envolvendo vogais baixas, o /a/ não participa do processo. Fato similar ao do iorubá ocorre em alguns dialetos do português do Brasil (PB). Abaurre e Sandalo (2009) observam que a vogal /a/ não provoca harmonia de baixa nas pretônicas em variedades de Belo Horizonte, Vitória e Goiânia, embora as vogais médias baixas sejam gatilho para a harmonia. Os dados trabalhados por Kentowicz e Sandalo (2011), no entanto, permitem identificar ocorrências dessa harmonia na variedade de Recife, onde as pretônicas /e, o/ podem sofrer abaixamento antes de /a/ tônico (cf. ‘pelado’, ‘colada’, ‘selada’). Sandalo et al. (2013) observam que a vogal /a/ é gatilho de harmonia de pretônicas também em Porto Alegre.
Categorização e referência: uma abordagem discursiva
Authors: Ciulla Alena
Published: January 2018

Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo é refletir sobre o conceito de categorização, levando em consideração uma dimensão discursiva em que aspectos cognitivos e interacionais estão em jogo. A partir desse enfoque, revisitamos também algumas estratégias de (re)categorização  anafórica sugeridas na literatura e demonstramos, a partir de exemplos, a estreita relação da categorização com o processo referencial: ao escolher uma expressão, entre todas as opções que julgar adequadas, o falante privilegia alguns aspectos em detrimento de outros, de acordo com as abstrações, generalizações e outros tipos de associações que a palavra escolhida pode suscitar, o que contribui de maneira crucial para a construção da referência. Além disso, confirmamos a noção de que os objetos do discurso são evolutivos, já que podem ser redefinidos a cada nova interação entre os falantes. Por fim, mostramos que o fenômeno da categorização não se restringe a operações meramente lexicais, mas se apóia na capacidade de inferência do interlocutor, no seu conhecimento de mundo e no conhecimento compartilhado entre os falantes.
Quando o gigante acorda, vai pra rua e sai do Facebook: frases em movimento
Authors: Melo Lafayette Batista
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho trata de enunciados propagados em redes sociais durante as manifestações de junho de 2013 no Brasil, que fazem referência às próprias manifestações, como “O gigante acordou”, “Vem pra rua” e “Sai do Facebook”. São problematizadas condições de produção destas frases, especialmente restrições e alcances através da interface e são coletadas as que aparecem em sites de notícia e em redes sociais, por meio de estratégias de uso de ferramentas de busca. A abordagem teórico-metodológica emprega conceitos de interdiscursividade e aforizações – enunciados com caráter relativamente autônomo e sem fonte aparente. Pôde-se notar que são silenciados discursos que motivam vários movimentos e que se faz remissão a discursos de uma geração com práticas culturais e tecnológicas mais recentes. Há o apagamento do sujeito porta-voz do discurso, o que sugere uma mudança histórica, contraditoriamente proporcionada pelo acesso à tecnologia e ao sentimento de colaboração que une aqueles engajados nas redes sociais.
A unidade febril de Invenção de Orfeu, de Jorge de Lima
Authors: Honorato Suene
Published: January 2018

Invenção de Orfeu, livro que se propõe como epopeia moderna, constrói um tipo de unidade que recusa a lógica racional: unidade produzida por um organismo adoecido. Quais os motivos desse adoecimento? Por que o poeta, personagem da aventura de fundação da ilha, não se desobriga da busca por unidade? Ao constatar um universo caótico, refratário à poesia, o poeta assume uma postura contraditória: ora afirma, ora nega que a palavra poética seja capaz de fundar um mundo novo. Esse movimento contraditório estrutura o poema e tem na figura de Orfeu o símbolo maior. A leitura de alguns poemas em que Orfeu é referido permitirá avaliar os motivos do “adoecimento do poema” e a busca por uma “unidade febril”.
“Vender alguma coisa, dar certo na vida.” A passagem do poema ao objeto na obra de Marcel Broodthaers.
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Jorge de
Published: January 2018

O artigo apresenta uma análise de algumas obras do artista belga Marcel Broodthaers, mais precisamente no modo como ele estabeleceu a relação entre palavra e imagem no contexto de práticas literárias em suas exposições. Com um ponto de partida poético, Broodthaers é um nome importante para a discussão das materialidades da literatura nos museus depois dos anos 1950.
Armas e letras: nota sobre os usos do panegírico na sociedade de corte
Authors: Novais Valeria Pereira Silva de , Borges Cássio
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo examina um soneto encomiástico, “A Fernão Teles, General da Beira, Governador do Porto”, atribuído, na Fênix renascida, a Antônio Barbosa Bacelar. O subgênero é lido como mecanismo de distinção que, ao exornar lugares de poder e valores áulicos, opera na construção e na difusão de princípios basilares da Razão de Estado católica. Ao retomar as noções de “figuração social” e de “status”, formuladas por Norbert Elias em A sociedade de corte, o presente trabalho empenha-se em refletir sobre os efeitos particulares de sentido suscitados pelo texto examinado, sem, contudo, perder de vista as convenções letradas de longa duração que se manifestam tanto na formalização do soneto quanto na codificação dos hábitos de conversação na corte.
Os Caminhos de Hamlet no Cinema
Authors: Turatti Ricardo Amarante
Published: January 2018

Hamlet, de William Shakespeare, é uma obra que provoca constantes revisões e interpretações. No que se refere ao cinema, diversas produções adaptaram ou fizeram referência à peça do dramaturgo inglês. O artigo se concentra nas possibilidades de exploração filosófica e política da obra no campo do cinema, ressaltando principalmente duas adaptações: Hamlet, dirigido por Laurence Olivier em 1948 e Hamlet de William Shakespeare, dirigido por Kenneth Branagh em 1996. A partir da exploração das adaptações de Hamlet, é possível traçar um panorama não apenas das possibilidades de releitura para essa obra específica, mas também para o significado da figura do dramaturgo inglês para a cultura em geral, expondo as sucessivas interpretações e ressignificações de obras e personagens shakespearianos.
Câmara ardente: um livro?
Authors: Ricieri Francine Fernandes Weiss
Published: January 2018

Este texto se divide em três seções. A primeira, “Algumas considerações sobre livros simbolistas” recupera indicações da fortuna crítica dedicada à poesia brasileira de final do século XIX no que diz respeito à concepção de livro, entendido não como recolha aleatória de poemas, mas como unidade criativa e/ou unidade de significação. Percorrem-se, também, indicações contidas em livros específicos ou documentos daquele período, alusivos a tal concepção, com algumas conclusões parciais: livros simbolistas podem recorrer, na formulação de seus princípios de coesão, a critérios temáticos, a títulos que coordenam poemas mais ou menos relacionáveis, ao estabelecimento de ciclos ou estruturas cíclicas, à implicitação ou explicitação de estruturas narrativas, à adoção nostálgica de elementos unificadores de natureza genérica ou formal como o trágico ou o épico, à hibridização de gêneros, bem como à relação intertextual com outros livros, que passam, em alguns casos, a estabelecer matrizes estruturais para um volume em específico. Um livro simbolista, nesse sentido, significa por aquilo que nele é mescla, não só de gêneros, mas também de modalidades estéticas, de posturas enunciativas, de perspectivas e registros díspares. A segunda seção “Alphonsus de Guimaraens: livros, projetos, experimentos” explora a produção daquele autor, recuperando dados documentais relativos a seu processo de criação e publicação de livros, no sentido em discussão. São analisados seus diferentes projetos editorais, bem como processos de reformulação que parecem levar ao estabelecimento de constantes temático-formais que organizam diferentes livros, com a recorrente adoção de estruturas litúrgicas como matrizes estruturais. Nesse sentido, suas publicações de 1899 parecem constituir um ponto de chegada, um momento de maturidade que se sucede a um cuidadoso trabalho de busca estética. A última seção, “Câmara ardente: um livro?”, a partir das considerações anteriores, dedica-se a explorar aspectos da organização temático-formal de Câmara ardente.
Sur l'Épigraphe pour un livre condamné
Authors: Schellino Andrea
Published: January 2018

L’article présente un manuscrit autographe inconnu d’“Épigraphe pour un livre condamné” de Baudelaire, portant un autre titre: “Épigraphe / Pour un livre condamné en 1857”. L’auteur examine les variantes du poème et étudie sa composition dans le contexte de la seconde édition des Fleurs du mal. Baudelaire a pu vouloir, à un moment, que cette Épigraphe, adressée au lecteur, et l’Épilogue en vers, “adressé à la ville de Paris”, fassent symétrie, en ouvrant et en refermant le volume. Il a renoncé aussi bien à l’Épigraphe qu’à l’Épilogue. Quant à sa structure métrique, “Épigraphe pour un livre condamné” appartient à un genre bien représenté parmi les poèmes de Baudelaire: celui du sonnet en octosyllabes.
Tendon Transfers to Restore Ankle Dorsiflexion After Anterior Compartment Myonecrosis
Authors: Yang Wesley Zhang , Park Joseph S. , Yarboro Seth Robert
Published: January 2018

Case:

A 47-year-old Caucasian woman spontaneously developed an isolated anterior compartment pressure of >100 mm Hg in the left leg. Despite fasciotomies, the musculature was nonviable and required debridement. Following Achilles tendon lengthening, a posterior tibial tendon (PTT) to anterior tibial tendon (ATT) transfer was supplemented with a flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer to the remaining PTT in order to prevent a flatfoot deformity while restoring active dorsiflexion.

Conclusion:

Preservation of the tendinous portion of the ATT during debridement allowed for transfer of the PTT to the ATT using a modified Pulvertaft transfer. This technique allowed early ambulation and restoration of active dorsiflexion, obviating the ongoing use of an ankle-foot orthosis.
Gapless chiral spin liquid from coupled chains on the kagome lattice
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo , Bieri Samuel
Published: January 2018

Using a perturbative renormalization group approach, we show that the
extended (J_1-J_2-J_dJ1−J2−Jd)
Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice with a staggered chiral
interaction (J_\chiJχ)
can exhibit a gapless chiral quantum spin liquid phase. Within a
coupled-chain construction, this phase can be understood as a chiral
sliding Luttinger liquid with algebraic decay of spin correlations along
the chain directions. We calculate the low-energy properties of this
gapless chiral spin liquid using the effective field theory and show
that they are compatible with the predictions from parton mean-field
theories with symmetry-protected line Fermi surfaces. These results may
be relevant to the state observed in the kapellasite material.
Barreras a superar en el intento de una intervención masiva de sistemas FV conectados a la red en el Perú
Authors: Espinoza Rafael , Luque Carolina , Muñoz‐Cerón E. , De la Casa J.
Published: January 2018

El consumo de la energía eléctrica en el Perú se incrementó 5,1% en promedio entre los años 2002 y 2011 mientras que la demanda creció desde 2 700MW hasta 4 800MW como consecuencia del incremento del PBI. Por otro lado, el Perú ha aplicado la tecnología FV para generar electricidad instalando algunos miles de pequeños sistemas fotovoltaicos (SFD) en los últimos 25 años en programas de electrificación rural domiciliaria que le ha permitido acumular notable experiencia que lo sitúa en condiciones expectantes para abordar la posibilidad de hacer instalaciones de mayor potencia FV con conexión a la red pública. Así mismo, en los últimos 5 años se han instalado plantas de generación de EE que la inyectan directamente a la red del SEIN sin intervención sustantiva de la ingeniería nacional, este escenario de avance tecnológico FV cubre los extremos de una escala de generación de EE que empieza con los "watts" y termina con los MW sin la existencia de potencias intermedias del orden de kW. En este contexto, el presente trabajo intenta proponer la generación de un respaldo técnico y mínimas condiciones requeridas para promover y consolidar la introducción masiva de instalaciones FV de tamaño medio (100kW‐1MW) bajo el esquema de la generación distribuida en el Perú en un plazo medio de los próximos 5 años, basada en el análisis de los siguientes aspectos: a) Evolución de la energía en el Perú desde 1995 hasta 2015 de acuerdo con particularidades de tipo geográfico con especial énfasis sectorial focalizado en perfiles de consumos residencial, comercial e industrial; b) Dinámica del crecimiento FV que ha devenido en instalaciones totales de 96MW interconectados y 2MW aislados, c) Dinámica del mercado de importaciones de módulos FV durante la última década, particularmente de los últimos 3 años que mantiene un crecimiento sostenido de 2,5MW/año y, d) Programas educacionales de entrenamiento de técnicos e ingenieros. Este intento cuenta con el soporte técnico de un equipo profesional formado por académicos de la Universidad de Jaén‐España y de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería de Lima‐Perú.Países en desarrollo; diseminación; educación y entrenamiento; factores globales y políticas y estrategias.