bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Radial Flow Microfluidic Device for Ultra‐High‐Throughput Affinity‐Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Murlidhar Vasudha , Zeinali Mina , Grabauskiene Svetlana , Ghannad‐Rezaie Mostafa , Wicha Max S. , Simeone Diane M. , Ramnath Nithya , Reddy Rishindra M. , Nagrath Sunitha
Published: July 2014

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to play an important role in metastasis, a process responsible for the majority of cancer‐related deaths. But their rarity in the bloodstream makes microfluidic isolation complex and time‐consuming. Additionally the low processing speeds can be a hindrance to obtaining higher yields of CTCs, limiting their potential use as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Here, a high throughput microfluidic technology, the OncoBean Chip, is reported. It employs radial flow that introduces a varying shear profile across the device, enabling efficient cell capture by affinity at high flow rates. The recovery from whole blood is validated with cancer cell lines H1650 and MCF7, achieving a mean efficiency >80% at a throughput of 10 mL h−1 in contrast to a flow rate of 1 mL h−1 standardly reported with other microfluidic devices. Cells are recovered with a viability rate of 93% at these high speeds, increasing the ability to use captured CTCs for downstream analysis. Broad clinical application is demonstrated using comparable flow rates from blood specimens obtained from breast, pancreatic, and lung cancer patients. Comparable CTC numbers are recovered in all the samples at the two flow rates, demonstrating the ability of the technology to perform at high throughputs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and X‐ray Structures of Ru3(CO)9(dotpm)(L) Complexes [L = PPh3, P(C6H4Cl‐p)3, and PPh2(C6H4Br‐p)]
Authors: Sirat Siti Syaida , Khan Imthyaz Ahmed , Shawkataly Omar Bin , Rosli Mohd Mustaqim
Published: July 2014

The reaction of Ru3(CO)10(dotpm) (1) [dotpm = (bis(di‐ortho‐tolylphosphanyl)methane)] and one equivalent of L [L = PPh3, P(C6H4Cl‐p)3 and PPh2(C6H4Br‐p)] in refluxing n‐hexane afforded a series of derivatives [Ru3(CO)9(dotpm)L] (2–4), respectively, in ca. 67–70 % yield. Complexes 2–4 were characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), IR, 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 2, 3, and 4 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The bidentate dotpm and monodentate phosphine ligands occupy equatorial positions with respect to the Ru triangle. The effect of substitution resulted in significant differences in the Ru–Ru and Ru–P bond lengths.
213Bi-DOTATOC receptor-targeted alpha-radionuclide therapy induces remission in neuroendocrine tumours refractory to beta radiation: a first-in-human experience
Authors: Kratochwil C. , Giesel F. L. , Bruchertseifer F. , Mier W. , Apostolidis C. , Boll R. , Murphy K. , Haberkorn U. , Morgenstern A.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Radiopeptide therapy using a somatostatin analogue labelled with a beta emitter such as 90Y/177Lu-DOTATOC is a new therapeutic option in neuroendocrine cancer. Alternative treatments for patients with refractory disease are rare. Here we report the first-in-human experience with 213Bi-DOTATOC targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in patients pretreated with beta emitters.

Methods

Seven patients with progressive advanced neuroendocrine liver metastases refractory to treatment with 90Y/177Lu-DOTATOC were treated with an intraarterial infusion of 213Bi-DOTATOC, and one patient with bone marrow carcinosis was treated with a systemic infusion of 213Bi-DOTATOC. Haematological, kidney and endocrine toxicities were assessed according to CTCAE criteria. Radiological response was assessed with contrast-enhanced MRI and 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT. More than 2 years of follow-up were available in seven patients.

Results

The biodistribution of 213Bi-DOTATOC was evaluable with 440 keV gamma emission scans, and demonstrated specific tumour binding. Enduring responses were observed in all treated patients. Chronic kidney toxicity was moderate. Acute haematotoxicity was even less pronounced than with the preceding beta therapies.

Conclusion

TAT can induce remission of tumours refractory to beta radiation with favourable acute and mid-term toxicity at therapeutic effective doses.
Hypoxia‐induced miR‐497 decreases glioma cell sensitivity to TMZ by inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Lan Jin , Xue Yajun , Chen Huairui , Zhao Sanhu , Wu Zhijian , Fang Jun , Han Cong , Lou Meiqing
Published: July 2014

Understanding the resistance of glioma cells to chemotherapy has been an enormous challenge. In particular, mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire resistance to chemotherapy under hypoxic conditions are not fully understood. In this study, we have found that miR‐497 is overexpressed in glioma and that hypoxia can induce the expression of miR‐497 at the transcriptional level by binding with the hypoxia response element in the promoter. Ectopic overexpression of miR‐497 promotes chemotherapy resistance in glioma cells by targeting PDCD4, a tumor suppressor that is involved in apoptosis. In contrast, the inhibition of miR‐497 enhances apoptosis and increases the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. These results suggest that miR‐497 is a potential molecular target for glioma therapy.
Diet of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Blanco C. , Salomón O. , Raga J.A.
Published: July 2014

The stomach contents of 16 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Odontoceti) stranded in the Spanish Mediterranean coast were examined. Remains and size of prey were analysed and correlated with the ecological characteristics and behavioural patterns of this dolphin. Fish and cephalopods represented the main diet components, and hake Merluccius merluccius was the most important prey. The food habits were considered as mainly demersal according to the characteristics of the prey. The study suggested ontogenic and sexual differences in feeding behaviour based on diet composition and hake size. The potential causative factors, particularly as they relate to dolphin social structure, are discussed.
Maternal antenatal anxiety, postnatal stroking and emotional problems in children: outcomes predicted from pre- and postnatal programming hypotheses
Authors: Sharp H. , Hill J. , Hellier J. , Pickles A.
Published: July 2014

Background

Mothers' self-reported stroking of their infants over the first weeks of life modifies the association between prenatal depression and physiological and emotional reactivity at 7 months, consistent with animal studies of the effects of tactile stimulation. We now investigate whether the effects of maternal stroking persist to 2.5 years. Given animal and human evidence for sex differences in the effects of prenatal stress we compare associations in boys and girls.

Method

From a general population sample of 1233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks gestation we drew a random sample of 316 for assessment at 32 weeks, stratified by reported inter-partner psychological abuse, a risk indicator for child development. Of these mothers, 243 reported at 5 and 9 weeks how often they stroked their infants, and completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 2.5 years post-delivery.

Results

There was a significant interaction between prenatal anxiety and maternal stroking in the prediction of CBCL internalizing (p = 0.001) and anxious/depressed scores (p < 0.001). The effects were stronger in females than males, and the three-way interaction prenatal anxiety × maternal stroking × sex of infant was significant for internalizing symptoms (p = 0.003). The interactions arose from an association between prenatal anxiety and internalizing symptoms only in the presence of low maternal stroking.

Conclusions

The findings are consistent with stable epigenetic effects, many sex specific, reported in animal studies. While epigenetic mechanisms may be underlying the associations, it remains to be established whether stroking affects gene expression in humans.
Does Self-reporting Facilitate History Taking in Food Poisoning Mass-casualty Incidents?
Authors: Hsu Ya-I , Huang Ying C.
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Medical history is an important contributor to diagnosis and patient management. In mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), health care providers are often overwhelmed by large numbers of casualties. An efficient, reliable, and affordable method of information collection is essential for effective health care response.

Hypothesis/Problem

In some MCIs, self-reporting of symptoms can decrease the time required for history taking, without sacrificing the completeness of triage information.

Methods

Two resident doctors and a number of seventh graders who had previous experience of abdominal discomfort were invited to join this study. A questionnaire was developed to collect information on common symptoms in food poisoning. Each question was scored, and enrolled students were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group students answered the questionnaire first and then were interviewed to complete the medical history. The control group students were interviewed in the traditional way to collect medical history. Time of all interviews was measured and recorded. The time needed to complete the history taking and completeness of obtained information were compared with students’ttests, or Mann-Whitney U tests, based on the normality of data. Comprehensibility of each question, scored by enrolled students, was reported by descriptive statistics.

Results

There were 41 students enrolled: 22 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. Time to complete history taking in the experimental group (163.0 seconds, SD=52.3) was shorter than that in the control group (198.7 seconds, SD=40.9) (P=.010). There was no difference in the completeness of history obtained between the experimental group and the control group (94.8%, SD=5.0 vs 94.2%, SD=6.1;P=.747). Between the two doctors, no significant difference was found in the time required for history taking (185.2 seconds, SD=42.2 vs 173.1 seconds, SD=58.6;P=.449), or the completeness of information (94.1%, SD=5.9 vs 95.0%, SD=5.0;P=.601). Most of the questions were scored “good” in comprehensibility.

Conclusion

Self-reporting of symptoms can shorten the time of history taking during a food poisoning mass-casualty event without sacrificing the completeness of information.

HsuY,HuangYC.Does self-reporting facilitate history taking in food poisoning mass-casualty incidents?Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(4):1-4.
Rule Monitoring Ability Predicts Event-Based Prospective Memory Performance in Individuals with TBI
Authors: Paxton Jessica , Chiaravalloti Nancy
Published: July 2014

Numerous studies have demonstrated that prospective memory (PM) abilities are impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI). PM refers to the ability to remember to complete a planned action following a delay. PM post-TBI has been shown to be related to performance on neuropsychological tests of executive functioning and retrospective episodic memory (RM). However, the relative influence of impairments in RM versus executive functioning on PM performance post-TBI remains uninvestigated. In the current study, PM and neuropsychological test performance were examined in 45 persons with a history of moderate to severe TBI at least 1 year before enrollment. Regression analyses examined the relative contributions of RM and executive functioning in the prediction of PM performance on the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT). Results indicated that scores on tests of delayed RM and rule monitoring (i.e., ability to avoid making errors on executive measures) were the strongest predictors of PM. When the interaction between RM impairment and rule monitoring was examined, a positive relationship between PM and rule monitoring was found only in TBI participants with impaired RM. Results suggest that PM performance is dependent upon rule monitoring abilities only when RM is impaired following TBI. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–11)
The economic value of improved air quality in urban Africa: a contingent valuation survey in Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Donfouet Hermann Pythagore Pierre , Cook Joseph , Jeanty P. Wilner
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the effects of ‘time to think’ and ‘ballot box’ on willingness-to-pay, while providing the first empirical evidence on assessing the benefits of an air quality improvement program in urban Africa. Our hypothetical referendum scenario proposes to reduce the air pollution related morbidity rate in Douala, Cameroon by 25 per cent in exchange for a one-time surcharge on the electricity bill of each respondent. We find that on average WTP decreases by nearly one-fourth when allocating respondents time to think but markedly increases when we use a ‘ballot box’ approach allowing respondents to state their willingness privately. Our results suggest that on average households are willing to pay US$0.42 per month (0.2 per cent of household annual income). We conclude that total citywide benefits are unlikely to exceed the costs of implementing such a program at this point, although this situation may change quickly with increasing economic growth.
A New Silicon Drift Detector for High Spatial Resolution STEM-XEDS: Performance and Applications
Authors: Phillips Patrick J. , Paulauskas Tadas , Rowlands Neil , Nicholls Alan W. , Low Ke-Bin , Bhadare Santokh , Klie Robert F.
Published: July 2014

A newly designed, 100 mm2, silicon drift detector has been installed on an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an ultra-high resolution pole piece, without requiring column modifications. With its unique, windowless design, the detector’s active region is in close proximity to the sample, resulting in a dramatic increase in count rate, while demonstrating an increased sensitivity to low energy X-rays and a muted tilt dependence. Numerous examples of X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry are presented on relevant materials such as AlxGa1−xN nanowires, perovskite oxides, and polycrystalline CdTe thin films, across both varying length scales and accelerating voltages.
Creative economics for a creative world: a comment
Authors: COLANDER DAVID
Published: July 2014

Critics of mainstream economics often argue that the mainstream does not recognize that the economy is dynamic, creative and evolving, and they base their criticism of it for its failure to recognize that. This paper argues that the mainstream does recognize that the economy is evolving, and changes its methods as new analytic technologies and computational methods develop. The paper suggests that a narrower critique of the mainstream is appropriate: It attempts to be too scientific, following a scientific rather than an engineering methodology. Thinking of applied economic policy as engineering, not science opens up new avenues of research, and will allow it be better deal with our complex world.
Light Management in Flexible Glass by Wood Cellulose Coating
Authors: Fang Zhi-Qiang , Zhu Hong-Li , Li Yuan-Yuan , Liu Zhen , Dai Jia-Qi , Preston Colin , Garner Sean , Cimo Pat , Chai Xin-Sheng , Chen Gang , Hu Liang-Bing
Published: July 2014

Ultra-thin flexible glass with high transparency is attractive for a broad range of display applications; however, substrates with low optical haze are not ideal for thin film solar cells, since most of the light will go through the semiconductor layer without scattering and the length of light travelling path in the active layer is small. By simply depositing a layer of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-oxidized wood fibers (TOWFs), we are able to tailor the optical properties of flexible glass dramatically from exhibiting low haze (<1%) to high haze (~56%) without compromising the total forward transmittance (~90%). The influence of the TOWFs morphology on the optical properties of TOWFs-coated flexible glass is investigated. As the average fiber length decreases, the transmission haze of TOWF-coated flexible glass illustrates a decreasing trend. Earth-abundant natural materials for transparent, hazy and flexible glass have tremendous applicability in the fabrication of flexible optoelectronics with tunable light scattering effects by enabling inexpensive and large-scale processes.
Structural and electronic properties of uranium-encapsulated Au14 cage
Authors: Gao Yang , Dai Xing , Kang Seung-gu , Jimenez-Cruz Camilo Andres , Xin Minsi , Meng Yan , Han Jie , Wang Zhigang , Zhou Ruhong
Published: July 2014

The structural properties of the uranium-encapsulated nano-cage U@Au14 are predicted using density functional theory. The presence of the uranium atom makes the Au14 structure more stable than the empty Au14-cage, with a triplet ground electronic state for U@Au14. Analysis of the electronic structure shows that the two frontier single-occupied molecular orbital electrons of U@Au14 mainly originate from the 5f shell of the U atom after charge transfer. Meanwhile, the bonding orbitals and charge population indicate that the designed U@Au14 nano-cage structure is stabilized by ionocovalent interactions. The current findings provide theoretical basis for future syntheses and further study of actinide doped gold nanoclusters, which might subsequently facilitate applications of such structure in radio-labeling, nanodrug carrier and other biomedical applications.
Hyperspectral reflected light microscopy of plasmonic Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles incubated as multiplex chromatic biomarkers with cancer cells
Authors: Patskovsky Sergiy , Bergeron Eric , Rioux David , Simard Mikaël , Meunier Michel
Published: July 2014

We report a hyperspectral reflected light microscopy system for plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) imaging, and compare with a conventional darkfield method for spatial localization and spectroscopic identification of single Au, Ag and Au/Ag alloy NPs incubated with fixed human cancer cell preparations.
13C-engineered carbon quantum dots for in vivo magnetic resonance and fluorescence dual-response
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Yu-Hao , Wang Yue , Cui Jian-Lin , Yin Xue-Bo , He Xi-Wen , Zhang Yu-Kui
Published: July 2014

13C-engineered carbon quantum dots (13C-QDs) were used as magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence dual-response probe.
Electrochemical investigation of covalently post-synthetic modified SURGEL coatings
Authors: Mugnaini V. , Tsotsalas M. , Bebensee F. , Grosjean S. , Shahnas A. , Bräse S. , Lahann J. , Buck M. , Wöll C.
Published: July 2014

Thiol–yne click chemistry post synthesis modification (PSM) is used to further functionalize a fully organic porous polymer coating (SURGEL). By cyclic voltammetry the resulting electrochemical properties are addressed. The Nernstian diffusion limited process observed in the presence of ferrocene as electrolyte is explained in terms of a high permeability of the SURGELs for ferrocene after PSM.
Copper-promoted oxidative-fluorination of arylphosphine under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Na , Mao Liu-Liang , Yang Bin , Yang Shang-Dong
Published: July 2014

An efficient method for the synthesis of phosphoric fluorideviaoxidative coupling between hydrophosphine oxide and NaF is reported.
Engineering exceptionally strong oxygen superbases with 1,8-diazanaphthalene di-N-oxides
Authors: Despotović Ines , Vianello Robert
Published: July 2014

1,8-Diazanaphthalene di-N-oxides show extraordinary oxygen basicity, being almost entirely a consequence of a large strain-induced destabilization in neutral forms.
A series of lanthanide–organic frameworks possessing arrays of 2D intersecting channels within a 3D pillar-supported packed double-decker network and Co2+-induced luminescence modulation
Authors: Liu Yen-Hsiang , Chien Po-Hsiu
Published: July 2014

Intersecting channels are observed in the 3D network ofFJU6.
Calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of amphiphilic phosphoproteins
Authors: Liu Yan , Mao Huiyuan , Liu Xifang , Qiao Longjiao , Guo Rong
Published: July 2014

To gain more insight into protein structure–function relationships that govern biomineralization is an exciting and challenging task.
Two hybrid materials assembled from transition metal mono-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions as photocatalysts under visible light
Authors: Song Bai-Qiao , Wang Xin-Long , Liang Jun , Zhang Yu-Teng , Shao Kui-Zhan , Su Zhong-Min
Published: July 2014

Two novel hybrid materials assembled from transition metal mono-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions with an antenna molecule were obtained and exhibit photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles assembled by hollow nanostructures: formation mechanism and enhanced catalytic properties
Authors: Zhang Jingcai , Yang Hongxiao , Wang Shuping , Liu Wei , Liu Xiufang , Guo Jinxin , Yang Yanzhao
Published: July 2014

In this paper, novel hierarchically mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles assembled by hollow nanocones were prepared through a facile solvothermal strategy using Ce(HCOO)3 as the precursor.
Two porous metal–organic frameworks containing zinc–calcium clusters and calcium cluster chains
Authors: Noh Kyungkyou , Ko Nakeun , Park Hye Jeong , Park SangYoun , Kim Jaheon
Published: July 2014

Two noble Ca-based metal–organic frameworks exhibit the largest surface areas and the highest CO2 adsorption capacity at 298 K and 1 bar among the Ca-based MOFs reported so far.
NMR studies on the temperature-dependent dynamics of confined water
Authors: Sattig Matthias , Reutter Stefan , Fujara Franz , Werner Mayke , Buntkowsky Gerd , Vogel Michael
Published: July 2014

NMR studies of water in nanoscopic confinements of various sizes reveal two dynamical crossovers related to a partial solidification of internal molecules and a glass transition of interfacial molecules, respectively.
Hydrophobic dipeptide crystals: a promising Ag-free class of ultramicroporous materials showing argon/oxygen adsorption selectivity
Authors: Afonso R. , Mendes A. , Gales L.
Published: July 2014

The adsorption isotherms of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in four VA-class hydrophobic dipeptides are presented.
The complex, non-monotonic thermal response of the volumetric space of simple liquids
Authors: Chorążewski M. , Grzybowski A. , Paluch M.
Published: July 2014

We show that a non-monotonic solution of the equation ∂αp(p,T)/∂T = 0 divides the phase diagram of simple liquids into two parts.
Strongly bound noncovalent (SO3)n:H2CO complexes (n = 1, 2)
Authors: Azofra Luis Miguel , Alkorta Ibon , Scheiner Steve
Published: July 2014

SO3and H2CO dimers and trimers are held together by S⋯O chalcogen bonds, supplemented by weaker CH⋯O and/or O⋯C bonds.
Theoretical investigation on carbon nucleation on nickel carbides at initial stages of single-walled carbon nanotube formation
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Shan Xiaoye , Yang Shuo-Wang , Zhu Hongjun
Published: July 2014

A first-principles study shows that metal carbide clusters do exist during the initial stage of single-walled carbon nanotube nucleation.
Towards designing environmentally safe ionic liquids: the influence of the cation structure
Authors: Sosnowska Anita , Barycki Maciej , Zaborowska Monika , Rybinska Anna , Puzyn Tomasz
Published: July 2014

The Toxicity Ranking Index for ionic liquids based on the structural similarity of Cations (TRIC), based on data from different toxicological tests.
Rapid high-performance sample digestion for ICP determination by ColdBlock™ digestion: part 2: gold determination in geological samples with memory effect elimination
Authors: Wang Yong , Brindle Ian D.
Published: July 2014

Fast dissolution of gold-containing samples and chemically-based resolution of wash-in, wash-out problems for gold in ICP-based systems.
Pressure-driven ballistic Kelvin's water dropper for energy harvesting
Authors: Xie Yanbo , de Boer Hans L. , Sprenkels Ad J. , van den Berg Albert , Eijkel Jan C. T.
Published: July 2014

A microfluidic self-excited energy conversion system inspired by Kelvin's water dropper but driven by inertia instead of gravity.
Mutual protection against UV aging of EVA composites using highly active optical conversion additives
Authors: Tao Jing , Ni Yaru , Lu Chunhua , Chen Jie , Yuan Yaqiong , Chen Jiamei , Xu Zhongzi
Published: July 2014

The mutual ultraviolet (UV) degradation protection and optical conversion mechanism of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) rare earth organic complex (REOC) composite were investigated.
Studies on the synthesis of a sugar triazole based ligand for protein and DNA binding
Authors: Hemamalini Arasappan , Das Thangamuthu Mohan
Published: July 2014

Bis-triazole derivatives accomplished by [3 + 2] cycloaddition methodology were well characterized. Interaction of bis-triazoles with BSA and CT-DNA had good correlation with experimental and docking studies. Compounds showed moderate to excellent antibacterial activity.
Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging of cells and tissues using a long-lived cyclometallated Npyridyl^Cphenyl^NpyridylPt(ii) complex
Authors: Baggaley Elizabeth , Sazanovich Igor V. , Williams J. A. Gareth , Haycock John W. , Botchway Stanley W. , Weinstein Julia A.
Published: July 2014

The ‘longer’ picture: emission bio-imaging over microsecond time frame with scanning, multi-photon posphorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy (PLIM).
Synthesis of novel chirall-leucine grafted PEDOT derivatives with excellent electrochromic performances
Authors: Hu Dufen , Lu Baoyang , Duan Xuemin , Xu Jingkun , Zhang Long , Zhang Kaixin , Zhang Shimin , Zhen Shijie
Published: July 2014

PEDOT–Boc–Leu and PEDOT–Leu exhibit excellent electrochromic performance, and are promising optoelectronic materials.
Copper(ii) induced oxidative modification and complexation of a schiff base ligand: synthesis, crystal structure, catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and DFT calculation
Authors: Biswas Surajit , Dutta Arpan , Dolai Malay , Debnath Mainak , Jana Atish Dipankar , Ali Mahammad
Published: July 2014

A mononuclear square planar complex [CuII(L2f)], formed from a Schiff baseH2Laand Cu2+with the concomitant oxidation of two –CH2OH groups to aldehyde, displayed catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Hierarchically porous materials built of Fe–silicalite nanobeads
Authors: Sashkina K. A. , Rudina N. A. , Lysikov A. I. , Ayupov A. B. , Parkhomchuk E. V.
Published: July 2014

Hierarchically porous Fe–zeolite materials built of uniform nanocrystals with close, random and spongy packing have been designed for the total oxidation of high MW organics by hydrogen peroxide.
Porous olive-like carbon decorated Fe3O4 based additive-free electrodes for highly reversible lithium storage
Authors: Zhu Jian , Ng K. Y. Simon , Deng Da
Published: July 2014

Additive-free porous olive-like carbon decorated Fe3O4 directly synthesized on the current collectors by centrifugation assisted deposition were developed. Excellent cycling performance was achieved with a specific capacity at ∼800 mA h g−1 for at least 235 cycles and impressive rate performance was accomplished.
Efficient nitrogen-doping and structural control of hierarchical carbons using unconventional precursors in the form of deep eutectic solvents
Authors: López-Salas Nieves , Gutiérrez María C. , Ania Conchi O. , Fierro José Luís G. , Luisa Ferrer M. , Monte Francisco del
Published: July 2014

Deep eutectic solvents formed with unconventional carbon precursors were used for the preparation of hierarchical carbon monoliths and proved effective for doping the resulting carbons with nitrogen.
In silico programming of degradable microparticles to hide and then reveal immunogenic payloads in vivo
Authors: Rothstein S. N. , Donahue C. , Falo L. D. , Little S. R.
Published: July 2014

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles, mathematically designed for delayed release in vitro, hide and then reveal ovalbumin-alum in vivo without altering its immunogenicity.
Erratum: The Hearing-Impaired—Formal In-Service (HI-FI) Program
Authors: Nober Linda W.
Published: July 2014

The Hearing-Impaired—Formal In-Service (HI-FI) Program mentioned in the footnote on page 189 of the October 1975 issue currently is not available free of charge from the National Center on Educational Media and Materials for the Handicapped (NCEMMH). However, early in 1976 a revised edition of HI-FI, produced by NCEMMH, will be sold through the National Audiovisual Center. Readers interested in up-to-date information can write to Media, Materials, and Technology (HI-FI), National Center on Educational Media and Materials for the Handicapped, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems
Authors: Pickering Marisue , Dopheide William R.
Published: July 2014

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.
Preparing the Language-Impaired Child for Classroom Mathematics: Suggestions for the Speech Pathologist
Authors: Andrews Moya , Brabson Cynthia
Published: July 2014

The linguistically handicapped child may have difficulty mastering basic mathematical concepts and vocabulary. Programs of language intervention should consider such problems and should be coordinated with classroom demands. This article provides discussion and suggestions relative to these issues as they relate to speech pathologists, classroom teachers, and children with language impairments.
A Rural County Speech and Language Program
Authors: Traywick Hildegarde
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the organization and implementation of an effective speech and language program in the public schools of Madison County, Alabama, a rural, sparsely settled area.
Protrusive Lingual Force and Lingual Diadochokinetic Rates: A Comparative Analysis between Normal and Lisping Speakers
Authors: Dworkin James P.
Published: July 2014

This study examines protrusive lingual force and lingual diadochokinetic rates in normal and frontal-lisping speakers. Force measurements were obtained using an instrument designed for this investigation. Results revealed that normal-speaking children scored significantly higher on lingual force and diadochokinetic rate measurements. These findings challenge the notion that lisping is purely a functional articulatory disorder. Explanations for diagnosis and management are discussed.
Role of Laryngological Consultation in the Intervention of Dysphonia
Authors: Stone Ed , Hurlbutt Nancy , Coulthard Stanley W.
Published: July 2014

This article describes a laryngology consult form that has been found useful in obtaining information essential to the diagnosis and management of children with voice disorders.
Impedance Audiometry for the School Clinician
Authors: Navarro M. Richard , Klodd David A.
Published: July 2014

This article reviews impedance audiometry and discusses its value to school speech and language clinicians.
Information Services for School Speech-Language Pathologists and Educational Audiologists
Authors: Parker Steve , Montague Jim
Published: July 2014

Some information services available to school speech-language pathologists and educational audiologists are described. These services can aid clinicians in diagnostic and habilitative procedures. Indexing and abstracting resources, MEDLINE, and various audio-cassette systems are included.
Multidays: Multidimensional Approach for the Young Stutterer
Authors: Johnson Gerald F. , Coleman Karen , Rasmussen Kristeen
Published: July 2014

This case study describes an intervention program for a six-year-old child who stutters. The subject demonstrated increased fluency and topographical changes in disfluencies while maintaining an apparent high tolerance-low awareness level for stuttering.
Choosing Stimulus Materials for Eliciting Language Samples from Children with Language Disorders
Authors: James Sharon L. , Button Marjorie
Published: July 2014

Language samples were elicited from seven children with language disorders in three different stimulus conditions. In one condition, the children talked about toys taken from the clinic’s stock; in another, they talked about toys brought from home; and in the third, there were no stimulus materials present and the examiner engaged the children in conversation. The samples were analyzed for mean length of utterance (MLU), syntactic complexity (Lee’s DSS), and the number of scorable DSS and MLU utterances elicited in the first 15 min of each stimulus condition. Results indicated that the stimulus condition had no significant effect on the children’s DSS or MLU scores. The familiar-toy and conversation-only conditions were more efficient in eliciting scorable utterances for the MLU measure than clinic toys.
Indications and Contraindications for Tongue Thrust Therapy
Authors: Rampp Donald L. , Pannbacker Mary
Published: July 2014

This article discusses considerations necessary to ascertain conditions in which tongue thrust therapy is and is not warranted.
Responses to the Language of Educable Mentally Retarded and Normal Children: Stereotypes and Judgments
Authors: Naremore Rita C. , Hipskind Nicholas M.
Published: July 2014

Seventy-five graduate students in speech pathology and audiology rated the speech and language of educable mentally retarded and normal children. The results indicated that the judges held stereotypes, or preconceived ideas, about language behavior of educable mentally retarded and normal children. These stereotypes were reflected in their judgments of children’s verbal language.
An Argument for the Use of a Recorded Speaker in the Administration of a Speech-in-Noise Test
Authors: Kupperman Gerard L. , Gengel Roy W.
Published: July 2014

This study examined the speaker-induced variability in an auditory perceptual test. Normal-speaking graduate students in speech-language pathology and audiology recorded List 1 of the PBK word list. The recordings were mixed with white noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB and played to a group of normal-hearing college students and a group of normal-hearing junior high school students. Significant differences based on speaker variability were obtained. These differences could lead to misinterpretations of test results and inaccurate assessment of a child’s auditory perceptual abilities.
An Analysis of the Reinforcing Function of Clinician Attention
Authors: Moore James C.
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the reinforcing effects of attention in speech-language remediation. It concludes that: 1) attention may be a strong positive reinforcer for any behavior upon which it is contingent, 2) attention may serve as a reinforcer regardless of the intent of clinicians' verbal statements which accompany it, and 3) clinician attention affects group behavior and patterns of peer reinforcement.
Incorrect Responses to Locative Commands: A Case Study
Authors: Duchan Judith , Siegel Leo
Published: July 2014

A six-year-old child with a language problem responded consistently to 100 locative commands by putting objects in containers and on flat surfaces regardless of the pre-position or the order of the nouns in the commands. These results argue for a more careful analysis of children’s mistakes during language evaluations and program planning.
Inconsistencies Across Three Language Comprehension Tests for Specific Grammatical Features
Authors: Millen Catherine E. , Prutting Carol A.
Published: July 2014

A study was conducted to determine if children would respond differentially across tests, on the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (receptive), the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language, and the Bellugi-Klima Comprehension Test, for the same grammatical feature tested. Significant differences in children’s performances across tests were found for 11 of the 22 grammatical features under consideration. Possible reasons for the differential responses across tests are discussed. Based on the findings the three tests under investigation should not be considered as equivalent measures of language comprehension for specific grammatical features.
An Investigation of the Assumptions Underlying the Scoring System of the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised
Authors: Schissel Richard J. , James Linda B.
Published: July 2014

This study examines the assumptions underlying the scoring system of the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised. Twenty-one children between the ages of four years two months and six years 11 months were administered the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale: Revised and the Screening Deep Test of Articulation. The subjects' performance on the two tests was compared for the phones: [s], [l], [r], [t∫], [θ], [∫], [k], [f], and [t]. Results suggested that 1) the production of most sounds in only two contexts does not necessarily reflect the accuracy of production of those sounds in other contexts, and 2) for the sounds tested, the weightings assigned on the basis of their frequency of occurrence rather than the frequency with which they were misarticulated overestimated the extent of many articulation errors.
Assessment of Cognitive and Language Abilities Through Play
Authors: Westby Carol E.
Published: July 2014

This article presents a symbolic-play language scale which describes l0 stages in the development of symbolic play abilities and relates the language concepts and structures associated with each developmental play stage. Use of this scale for evaluation and remediation planning is discussed.
A Linguistic Approach to Distinctive Feature Training
Authors: Blache Stephen E. , Parsons Carl L.
Published: July 2014

This paper describes an instructional procedure for teaching distinctive features.This procedure uses minimal pairs to teach a feature. A four-step program is described that considers conceptual skills, discrimination and production training, as well as carry-over.
Meeting the Needs of the Hearing Parents of Deaf Infants
Authors: Dee Anita D.
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the needs, presentation procedures, professional role, and positive results of a comprehensive parent-education program as a component of a total communication early-intervention project. The educational plan calls for weekly parent-education sessions to supplement the scheduled individual family sessions of this family-oriented project. The individual family sessions trained parents in many diverse skills and strategies. There is a need for a supplementary parent-education program to provide parents with a sound educational framework against which to view their emerging competencies in a cohesive, meaningful way. This approach to parent education results in positive changes in both parent behavior and child behavior, strongly indicating that such an approach has important implications for meeting the special needs of all parents of handicapped children.
The Effect of Duplicated and Unduplicated Child Count on Prevalence of Speech-Impaired Children
Authors: McDermott Lois D.
Published: July 2014

The funds assigned to implementation of P.L. 94–142 were based largely on national estimates of the prevalence of various handicaps among school-aged children. The reporting system utilized by the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped generates data on numbers of handicapped children per se. This article discusses the incompatibility of the two sets of figures as they relate to speech-impaired children.
Research and Evaluation in the Public Schools
Authors: Laney Mary D.
Published: July 2014

Current demands for accountability, substantiation, and documentation of clinical services provided in the public schools create unprecedented needs for speechlanguage pathologists and audiologists employed in that setting to become evaluators and researchers. Parents, administrators, and funding agencies expect and are entitled to verification of program effectiveness and documentation of individual gains. In addition, numerous issues of concern to our profession warrant substantive data collection in public schools.

In the following article, the author examines reasons for the lack of research beingconducted by speech-language pathologists and audiologists in the public schools and points out advantages of that setting as a research site. The training in research and evaluation traditionally provided in accredited speech pathology and audiology programs is addressed. Also, ways that certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists employed in public schools can upgrade their empirical skills are suggested
A Treatment Program for Disordered Phonology
Authors: Dunn Carla , Barron Cathy
Published: July 2014

A therapy program for disordered phonology was developed by identifying unique characteristics of a child's phonological patterns and by using recent literature in normal phonological development. The goal was consistent, automatic production of word-final [z] in conversational speech. The program was designed for a 4 year 11-month-old boy who had been enrolled in articulation therapy for two years. He had several consistent errors in single words but a significantly greater number of less consistent errors in conversational speech, which made him unintelligible. The therapy program controlled the phonetic contexts for [z] production, as utterances increased in length and became less structured. The child was successful in completing the program but only moderate improvement was made between pre- and post-therapy speech sampling. Analysis of the samples revealed that the errors were not related to phonetic context. However, the child omitted [z] in certain lexical items. The results suggest that the child's errors involved more than the ability to produce [z] in a variety of phonetic contexts. Other components of the linguistic system (syntax and semantics) appear to have interacted with the phonological component, resulting in difficulty in producing [z] in certain lexical items. The interface between the various linguistic components is discussed in terms of assessing phonological abilities and planning remediation programs.
Applying a Self-Regulating Private Speech Model to Classroom Settings
Authors: Pellegrini A. D.
Published: July 2014

The paper explores the processes by which children use private speech to regulate their behaviors. The first part of the paper explores the ontological development of self-regulating private speech. The theories of Vygotsky and Luria are used to explain this development. The second part of the paper applies these theories to pedagogical settings. The process by which children are exposed to dialogue strategies that help them solve problems is outlined. The strategy has children posing and answering four questions: What is the problem? How will I solve it? Am I using the plan? How did it work? It is argued that this model helps children systematically mediate their problem solving processes.
A Review of 16 Major Phonological Processes
Authors: Laila Khan Linda M.
Published: July 2014

This paper is a description of 16 phonological processes. These processes have been identified in the speech of both normal children and children with a deviant pattern of language development. Limited information is available regarding the use of these processes in normal and disordered language development.
Facilitating Functional Requesting in Pragmatically Impaired Children
Authors: Olswang Lesley B. , Kriegsmann Elinor , Mastergeorge Ann
Published: July 2014

Requesting has been described as an early communicative function, one which is often infrequently produced by pragmatically impaired children. This case study presents a framework for assessing and managing a child who displayed a marked deficit in his verbal requests for objects, actions, and information. The assessment focused on evaluating the child's prerequisite skills and on examining the environment for request opportunities. The intervention consisted of working individually with the child and training his teacher to maximize opportunities for requesting in the classroom. The data indicate an increase in the child's classroom production of elicited requests for objects, actions, and information, and of spontaneous requests for objects and actions. These findings suggest the value of using intervention strategies which focus on the impaired child as well as his or her environment when teaching functional requests. Specific procedures are provided for implementing this two-pronged intervention approach.
Educators' Perceptions of the Effects of Communication Disorders Upon Educational Performance
Authors: Bennett Clinton W. , Runyan Charles M.
Published: July 2014

Based on a recent federal clarification of "educational performance" related to PL 94–142, an appropriate interpretation of educational performance must include both academic and psychosocial competencies. Because educational performance is one of the assessment components used to determine eligibility for special education services, classroom teachers must provide information to the Eligibility Committee. Therefore, educators' perceptions of the impact of communication disorders on educational performance have important implications for the provision of special education services to communicatively impaired students.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate educators' perceptions of the effects of communication disorders upon educational performance. Results indicated that 66% of the 282 educators responding believed that communication disorders have an adverse effect on educational performance. The perceived impact of specific communication disorders on educational performance is also presented.
Measuring Change in Children with Severe Articulation Disorders
Authors: Hurvitz Judith A. , Rilla Donna C. , Pickert Sarah M.
Published: July 2014

This paper describes an instrument which is designed for young children with moderate-to-severe articulation disorders. It is an easily administered imitation task which measures the child's ability to say sounds in isolation, in syllables, and in words. The scores obtained from the Clinical Articulation Profile are sensitive to minimal changes in articulation ability and can be used to document progress during therapy.
Functional Aphonia in the Child and Adolescent
Authors: Murray Sharon L. , Carr Mary E. , Jacobs Virginia
Published: July 2014

Five cases of adolescents with functional aphonia are presented. The cases include four teenaged girls and one teenaged boy. Each was referred with the presenting symptom of "no voice." Indirect laryngoscopic examinations were normal. Therapeutic management is described which followed the symptomatic voice therapy approach. Four cases returned to use of full voice within two sessions, the fifth after five sessions. A consistent theme for four of the adolescents was stressful family environment, academic failure, and inadequate peer support. Referral for psychotherapeutic counseling was necessary for all but one.
Classification Systems of Voice Disorders
Authors: Pannbacker Mary
Published: July 2014

A careful study of classification systems is mandatory to the understanding of voice disorders. It is important to know the more common classification systems in order to communicate with other professionals. This report reviews each of the classification systems, indicating pertinent theoretical issues and clinical implications.
University Outreach Clinician Training Model
Authors: McMillan Marcia Ohle
Published: July 2014

This is a description of a cooperative venture between a university and a small rural mountain county school system. The project was undertaken as the solution to a chronic problem apparent throughout the more rural, less populous portions of the United States. Specifically the project was developed to alleviate the difficulty experienced by a rural school system in attracting and retaining qualified speech-language personnel.