bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Happens After Nomination? Evaluating the Probability of Gifted Identification With the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking
Authors: Lee Lindsay Ellis , Rinn Anne N. , Rambo-Hernandez Karen E.
Published: January 2024

The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) is the most widely used norm-referenced creativity test used in gifted identification. Although commonly used for identifying talent, little is known about how creativity tests, like the TTCT-Figural, contribute to the probability of being identified as gifted especially with underrepresented populations. Using nominated students ( n = 1,191) from a diverse midsized urban school district, this study examined the differential predictive validity among student demographics (i.e., race/ethnicity, free/reduced price lunch status, English learning status, sex) and the TTCT-Figural to the probability of being identified as gifted. Results of a multilevel hierarchical generalized linear regression indicated underrepresented groups showed no difference in the probability of being identified after controlling for cognitive ability and academic achievement; the same was true when the TTCT-Figural was included within the model. The inclusion of the TTCT-Figural does contribute to the probability of identification; however, the disproportionality of underrepresented student groups remains in this school district. Gifted administrators looking to enhance equity may not find the solution with the mere inclusion of a creativity assessment. Implications for practice and future directions are discussed.
Optimal design of Luenberger reduced-order observer with low sensitivity for linear multivariable systems
Authors: Chou Fu-I
Published: January 2024

For the linear multivariable systems, by combining both merits of orthogonal-function approach and evolutionary optimization, in this paper, a new method is presented for designing a Luenberger reduced-order observer to solve the low-sensitivity design issue for physical system parameter deviation and simultaneously to minimize a measurement of the quadratic performance for reducing state transient estimation error. Two given examples illustrate the effectiveness of the presented new low-sensitivity design approach on state estimation performance. From the given examples, it shows that the estimated state errors are not sensitive to system parameter deviation and have the asymptotical convergence property. Besides, the performances are apparently superior to those without considering low-sensitivity design means.
Food Security and Weather Events: A Multidimensional Analysis in the West African Sahel for 2001–2017
Authors: Yobom Oudah , Le Gallo Julie
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzes the climatic factors that affected food security in the West African Sahel in 2001–2017. We estimate the impact of droughts and floods on the four dimensions of food security defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, based on a panel data model controlling for socioeconomic and political factors. Droughts and floods negatively affect food security with floods causing more damage. Since socioeconomic and political factors, especially conflicts, also play an important role, food security in the West African Sahel cannot be explained only by climatic problems, so that coordinated policies must be based on the four dimensions of food security.
Context of Substance Use: Harm Reduction and Safer Supply
Authors: Haines Marlene , O’Byrne Patrick
Published: January 2024

Canada continues to be in the midst of an ongoing unregulated drug poisoning crisis, with over 40,000 opioid-related deaths since 2016. To develop a better understanding of the context of drug use, we interviewed safer supply program participants in Ottawa, Canada. Data collection included semi-structured interviews which were analyzed thematically. Overall, 2 major themes arose, which included 1) the historical and ongoing effects of trauma, and 2) a cycle of drug use that overwhelmed them. From this, a framework was created which depicts the context of substance use. Our research reinforced the importance of considering the historical and ongoing effects of trauma on the lives of people who use drugs when developing harm reduction and substance use programs. Further, participants found safer supply programs to be useful in disrupting a cycle of drug use they felt trapped in and allowed them a sense of autonomy regarding their drug use.
Meta-Analysis of Social Presence Effects on Stroop Task Performance
Authors: Garcia-Marques Teresa , Fernandes Alexandre C.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we conducted a meta-analytic review to examine the impact of social presence on individuals’ performance on the Stroop task, shedding light on the cognitive processes underlying social facilitation. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify and include 33 relevant studies in a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis. Our results show that social presence reliably modulates Stroop interference (a measure of cognitive control); specifically, participants exhibit lower Stroop interference when performing the task in the presence of others compared to performing it in isolation. We also found that the strength of the effect varies depending on the type of social presence: it is stronger with an attentive audience compared to an inattentive one, and null with an evaluative audience. Additionally, different features of the Stroop task itself moderate the effect; the effect is stronger for the classic version of the task compared to the semantic version, and for experiments that use mixed within-block trials compared to those with homogenous blocks. We also observed a negative relationship between the number of trials and the magnitude of the effect. Overall, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which the presence of others affects performance on the Stroop task, and how they align with social facilitation theories.
The body as a canvas: Memory, tattoos and the Holocaust
Authors: Bloch Alice
Published: January 2024

This article explores the decision amongst the children and grandchildren of Auschwitz survivors to replicate the concentration camp number of their survivor family member on their own body. The article sheds new light on the complex intergenerational legacy of the Holocaust and on memorial practices. By focusing on the tattoo as a form of memorial practice, the article captures the intersections between the contemporary trend of tattooing and the concentration camp number as the visual symbol of the crimes of the Nazis. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with 13 descendants of Holocaust survivors, the article considers motivations for getting the tattoo, conversations with the survivor parent or grandparent about the tattoo (if they were still alive), as well as the design and placement on the body. The decision to replicate the number was a statement about family relationships and was often a way of expressing love, legacy and continuity and pride. Some descendants who replicated the number, which had dehumanised and stigmatised their ancestor, saw it as a way of reclaiming. The tattoo also had a dialogical function, keeping family stories and histories alive as we enter the post-witness era. The sociological analysis is this article shows how personal lives are shaped by memories, as well as secrets and silences, and how they connect with history, relationships and identity. This article contributes to our understanding of the legacy of the Holocaust on families and family relationships and the corporeal impacts across generations.
Hukou type, hukou place and labour market vulnerability in Chinese megacities: The case of Beijing in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shi Qiujie , Liu Tao , Peng Rongxi
Published: January 2024

This article presents an investigation into the different roles of hukou type and place in shaping labour market vulnerability within Chinese megacities, using the COVID-19 pandemic-induced income loss in Beijing as a case study. We find that while the hukou system played a role in shaping this loss, its impact was achieved mainly through hukou place, with hukou type having no significant effect. Compared to locals, non-local hukou holders in Beijing were more likely to lose income; and their magnitude of income loss was larger. Locals and non-locals were also subject to different rules when deciding which individuals in the group would have a pay cut, with personal attributes playing a significant role in this decision for non-locals but not for locals. In addition, working in self-employed businesses was a disadvantage for the non-local group only; and the threshold by which family income helped reduce the risk of income loss was lower for non-locals than for locals. This study highlights the importance of extending the discussion on the hukou system’s impact to the question of labour market vulnerability, particularly considering the ongoing and potentially prolonged weakness in China’s labour market. It sheds light on the need to differentiate between hukou place and type in future studies concerning China’s hukou system.
A Sociological Approach to the Adolescent Pregnant in Low-Income Population of the Gran Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Aguiló Juan Carlos
Published: January 2024

This work aims to provide a non-moralistic exploration and understanding of the high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and resulting motherhood among low-income adolescent women in Greater Mendoza, Argentina. The study acknowledges that, based on official statistics, adolescent pregnancy remains a significant issue within this social group compared to teenagers from other socioeconomic backgrounds. By delving into the sexual and reproductive practices of these adolescents, the research seeks to uncover their life strategies within the context of their challenging living conditions, characterized by limited job opportunities and an inadequate, reactive educational system. Through in-depth interviews and focus groups, the study captures the lived experiences and perspectives of adolescent mothers themselves. Utilizing a sociological analysis of this empirical data, the research argues that in the face of extreme social exclusion, a lack of family support, and limited cultural capital, the concept of “class habitus” sheds light on and explains the adolescent practices that contribute to not avoid pregnancies, often influenced by traditional societal expectations of women’s roles.
Effects of Computer-Assisted Reading Interventions on Literacy Skill Gains of At-Risk Students During a Summer Break
Authors: Pindiprolu Sekhar S. , Forbush David
Published: January 2024

Learning to read is an essential skill for later academic success, positive self-esteem, and gainful employment. Students who display reading difficulties/disabilities at the end of third grade are less likely to succeed in content areas and graduate from high school. Recent data suggests that many students in today’s schools do not become skilled readers, and the reading loss widens during summer months due to skill regression. Regression of reading skills is greater for students from low Socioeconomic status (SES) families and for students with disabilities. This study examined the effects of two computer-assisted reading programs on the reading skills of 21 students at-risk for reading failure during a summer break. All students were pre- and post-tested after 8 weeks of intervention. Furthermore, tutors’ and students’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness and desirability of the programs were measured. A description of the computer programs, results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed.
High-Grade Sinonasal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Case Report
Authors: Alabdulkareem Abdulaziz M. , Alotaibi Naif H. , Almobarak Abdulaziz A. , Dababo M. Anas
Published: January 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare and highly heterogeneous neoplasms with a wide spectrum of histological differentiation, functional, and biological features. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNECs) of the sinonasal tract are particularly rare. Pathological features of SNECs of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which are aggressive tumors, are similar to those of anaplastic small cell carcinomas of the lung. We present a case of high-grade sinonasal SNECs in a patient with Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) gene-positive xeroderma, which, to our knowledge, is the first case reported worldwide.
The SAFE Model: State Authenticity as a Function of Three Types of Fit
Authors: Aday Audrey , Guo Yingchi , Mehta Smriti , Chen Serena , Hall William , Götz Friedrich M. , Sedikides Constantine , Schmader Toni
Published: January 2024

The SAFE model asserts that state authenticity stems from three types of fit to the environment. Across two studies of university students, we validated instruments measuring self-concept, goal, and social fit as unique predictors of state authenticity. In Study 1 ( N = 969), relationships between fit and state authenticity were robust to controlling for conceptually similar and distinct variables. Using experience sampling methodology, Study 2 ( N = 269) provided evidence that fit and authenticity co-vary at the state (i.e., within-person) level, controlling for between-person effects. Momentary variation in each fit type predicted greater state authenticity, willingness to return to the situation, and state attachment to one’s university. Each fit type was also predicted by distinct contextual features (e.g., location, activity, company). Supporting a theorized link to cognitive fluency, situations eliciting self-concept fit elicited higher working memory capacity and lower emotional burnout. We discuss the implications of fit in educational contexts.
Popliteal artery aneurysm repair—A single center experience
Authors: Demas Nicholas , Saha Sibu P
Published: January 2024

Background

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are relatively rare but are one of the most common peripheral arterial aneurysms. Open popliteal artery aneurysm repair (OPAR) has been the standard, but technological advancements have made endovascular popliteal artery aneurysm repair (EPAR) a promising alternative. The aim of this study is to compare EPAR and OPAR efficacy and outcomes over a 10-year period.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed 72 patient charts who were diagnosed with PAA or popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm and underwent EPAR or OPAR from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019. Endovascular popliteal artery aneurysm repair was used in 37 cases and OPAR in 35 cases.

Results

Graft patency <30 days postoperative was 100% in both EPAR and OPAR groups. Graft patency >90 days postoperative was 72.73% in the EPAR group and 82.35% in the OPAR group ( p = 0.477). Graft patency >2 years postoperative was 81.25% in the EPAR group and 86.67% in the OPAR group ( p = 0.682). Freedom from reoperation 30-day postoperative was 78.38% in the EPAR group and 80% in the OPAR group ( p = 0.865). Freedom from amputation 30-day postoperative was 91.43% in the EPAR group and 94.29% in the OPAR group ( p = 0.263). The 30-day survival rate was 94.59% in the EPAR group and 100% in the OPAR group.

Conclusions

Endovascular repair represents a promising alternative for PAA repair. Our results demonstrate that EPAR has similar outcomes for asymptomatic, acutely symptomatic, and chronic symptomatic patients. Technological advancements of stent properties and refinement of surgical techniques may further improve endovascular techniques.
Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Patients Attending a Community Mental Health Setting: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Barreto Socorro
Published: January 2024

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a concern in psychiatric patients. We aimed to study the influence of the modifiable lifestyle factors on MetS in adult psychiatric patients along with associated clinical factors and quality of life.

Methods:

Factors such as diet (Healthy Eating Index), exercise, substance use, cardiovascular risk (QRISK), illness severity (Clinical Global Impression), medications, adverse events (Systematic Monitoring of Adverse Events Related to Treatments), and quality of life (Recovering Quality of Life Scale) were assessed along with clinical components for MetS in 323 psychiatric patients receiving routine care and monitoring in a Community Mental Health Team.

Results:

MetS was present in 50.5% (95% CI: 45.0–55.9). It was significantly associated with higher age, duration of mental illness, body mass index (BMI), QTc, QRISK, and antipsychotic drugs. In logistic regression, age, QTc, QRISK, and BMI remained significantly linked to MetS. Patients with or without MetS were comparable in their lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and substance use, along with the family history of metabolic disorders, age at onset of mental illness, duration of antipsychotic medication, side effects, psychiatric diagnoses, and quality of life. However, many patients with or without MetS had poorer diet and physical inactivity, indicating scope for interventions.

Conclusions:

Around half of the psychiatric patients had MetS, and modifiable lifestyle factors did not differentiate individuals with or without MetS. The need for further research on the prevention and management of MetS in psychiatric patients is highlighted.
The relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba’ah study
Authors: Almulla Aisha A , Ahmed Luai A , Hesselink André , Augustin Hanna , Bärebring Linnea
Published: January 2024

Background: Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most frequently used dietary assessment method in estimating dietary intakes in epidemiological studies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relative validity of a semiquantitative FFQ in evaluating dietary intake among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Within the Mutaba'ah study, a subsample of 111 pregnant women completed a semiquantitative FFQ and a single 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) regarded as the reference method. Absolute and energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR were compared using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, correlations, Bland–Altman analysis, cross-classification, and weighted kappa analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in reported absolute intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR for carbohydrates, whole grains, white meat, beta-carotene, vitamin K, sodium, and selenium. Spearman's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 24-HDR ranged from 0.09 (trans fatty acids) to 0.5 (potassium) for absolute intakes. Correlation decreased after energy adjustment. Bland–Altman analysis showed that the FFQ overestimated intakes compared with 24-HDR and that the limits of agreement were wide. The average percentage of pregnant women classified into the same or adjacent quartile of intake by both methods was 73%. Weighted kappa values ranged from −0.02 (white meat) to 0.33 (magnesium). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the semi-quantitative FFQ is a useful tool in ranking pregnant women from the Emirati population according to their dietary intake. However, the validity of some estimated intakes was poor; hence, certain intakes should be interpreted with caution.
“Feeling our way around in the dark” AAC team collaboration in the context of service change: Special education teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Moore Ramirez Sinead , Lynch Yvonne
Published: January 2024

Team collaboration is an essential component of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services that directly impacts outcomes for students in special schools. Given the central role of the Special Education Teacher (SET) in the AAC team, there is a need to explore and understand SETs’ perceptions to support effective team collaboration. This study explored the perceptions of SETs on team working and collaboration in AAC service delivery in Ireland during a period of significant systemic change. A qualitative interview approach was utilised to explore the perceptions of five SETs working with students who use AAC in special education settings in Ireland. The dataset was analysed through the process of reflexive thematic analysis and identified four themes. Participants valued team collaboration but perceived it as inconsistent or non-existent in current practice. The impact of recent service changes on collaboration was highlighted, with all participants recognising a need for enhanced collaboration. Facilitators to collaboration identified included child centredness, shared goals, role clarity, sharing of knowledge and resources, and effective working relationships.
Does Including Facebook Training Improve the Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rute-Pérez S , Rodríguez-Domínguez C , Sánchez-Lara EM , Pérez-García M , Caracuel A
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether implementing a Facebook training program improves the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) in older adults.

Design

Randomized, controlled, double single-blind trial with parallel groups.

Setting

Community centers.

Subjects

Eighty-six adults between 60 and 90 years old.

Interventions

Nine face-to-face 60-min sessions of CCT with VIRTRAEL for all participants. The experimental group received an additional 30 min of Facebook training per session.

Main measures

Attention (d2 Test of Attention); learning and verbal memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised); working memory (Letter-Number Sequencing test), semantic and abstract reasoning (Similarities and Matrix Reasoning tests); and planning (Key Search test).

Results

There was a significant Group*Time interaction in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised-Trial 3, Letter-Number sequencing, and Matrix tests. Between groups, post-hoc analyses showed a difference in Matrix reasoning ( p < .001; d  =  0.893) at post-intervention in favor of the experimental group. Significant main effects of time were found in the CCT group between baseline and 3-month follow-up for Concentration (F  =  26.431, p ≤ .001), Letters and Numbers (F  =  30.549, p ≤ .001), Learning (F  =  38.678, p ≤ .001), Similarities (F  =  69.885, p ≤ .001), Matrix (F  =  90.342, p ≤ .001), and Key Search (F  =  7.904, p  =  .006) tests.

Conclusions

The utilization of CCT with VIRTRAEL, a freely accessible tool with broad applicability, resulted in enhanced attention, verbal learning, working memory, abstract and semantic reasoning, and planning among older adults. These improvements were sustained for at least three months post-training. Additional training in Facebook did not enhance the effectiveness of CCT.
Interactions between classic psychedelics and serotonergic antidepressants: Effects on the acute psychedelic subjective experience, well-being and depressive symptoms from a prospective survey study
Authors: Barbut Siva Jessica , Barba Tommaso , Kettner Hannes , Kuc Joanna , Nutt David J , Carhart-Harris Robin , Erritzoe David
Published: January 2024

Background:

There is growing evidence for the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. However, it is still uncertain how these drugs interact with serotonergic antidepressants (serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)).

Objective:

This study explores the interaction between psychedelics and SRIs in terms of therapeutic effects. The objective is to compare acute psychedelic effects and subsequent changes in well-being and depressive symptoms among ‘SRI −’ individuals (not on psychiatric medication) and ‘SRI +’ individuals (undergoing SRI treatment).

Methods:

Using prospective survey data, the study employs multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and linear mixed effect models to analyse subjective differences and changes in well-being and depressive symptoms pre- and post-psychedelic experiences.

Results:

Results indicate that ‘SRI −’ participants experience significantly more intense subjective effects compared to ‘SRI +’ participants ( F = 3.200, p = 0.016) in MANCOVA analysis. Further analysis reveals ‘SRI –’ individuals report stronger mystical (18.2% higher, p = 0.048), challenging (50.9% higher, p = 0.001) and emotional breakthrough experiences (31.9% higher, p = 0.02) than ‘SRI +’ individuals. No differences are observed in drug-induced visual effects ( p = 0.19). Both groups exhibited similar improvements in well-being and depressive symptoms after the psychedelic experience.

Conclusion:

Individuals presumed to be on serotonergic antidepressants during psychedelic use display reduced subjective effects but similar antidepressant effects compared to those not undergoing SRI treatment. Further controlled research is needed to comprehend the interplay between serotonergic antidepressants and psychedelics, illuminating potential therapeutic benefits and limitations in clinical contexts.
Religious Environments, Governments, and the Density of Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Subedi Meena , Liu Gao
Published: January 2024

This study examines the impact of religious environments on the jurisdictional density of nonprofit organizations. It has been argued that religiosity can affect nonprofit activities by promoting prosocial attitudes, collectivism, collaborating and bonding, and business ethics. While prior research has investigated the effects of religiosity on various aspects associated with nonprofit activities, such as volunteering, generosity, nonprofit management, and prosocial attitudes, there remains a dearth of studies exploring the direct relationship between religious environment and the size of nonprofit sectors. Existing research yields mixed results with certain limitations. This research addresses these limitations and finds that a more vibrant religious environment contributes to a higher density of both religious and nonreligious nonprofit organizations. The study also finds that the effect is more pronounced in areas with a higher government presence. This finding is consistent with the prediction of interdependence theory but not government failure theory.
Corridor-Level Auto Occupancy in Mobility Monitoring Efforts: A Crash-Based Approach
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Dougald Lance E. , Miller John S.
Published: January 2024

Vehicle occupancy (the number of persons per vehicle) is fundamental to evaluations of transportation system performance focused on the movement of people rather than solely vehicles. Historically, obtaining detailed estimates of occupancy has required manual (expensive) field data collection. This paper reports on a crash-based approach for estimating occupancy. Because some characteristics, such as the presence of multiple passengers aged 16 to 21, may affect the likelihood of crash involvement, the study examined ways to control possible crash bias using two methods. The first—heuristic bias correction, which entails synthesizing missing samples—is useful for smaller jurisdictions where there is no ground truth value readily available but an area-wide occupancy measure is needed. The second—statistical bias correction, which uses manual observations for calibration followed by the creation of a model—is suitable for obtaining occupancy at the corridor level. The approach is demonstrated with 12 years of fall and spring crash data for the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia, U.S., representing 1.7 million people and 50,000 crashes. Testing showed estimated occupancies were within roughly 0.05 of true occupancy when corridor-specific calibration was performed. Further, the larger number of samples used for an area-wide occupancy means that heuristic bias correction is not always necessary: for cities with more than 200 samples, the difference between uncorrected and corrected occupancies was 0.02. For states that report the number of occupants for crashes with and without injury, this approach holds promise for estimating vehicle occupancy for both corridors and regions.
Estimation of Environmental Rebound Effect Induced by Shared Automated Passenger Transport Service in a Mid-Size European City via Microsimulation
Authors: Garus Ada , Alonso Oreña Borja , Alonso Raposo María , Mourtzouchou Andromachi , Cordera Piñera Ruben , Lima Azevedo Carlos , dell’Olio Luigi , Seshadri Ravi , Moraes Monteiro Mayara , Ciuffo Biagio
Published: January 2024

The introduction of autonomous vehicles will revolutionize transport in urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, before we allow autonomous vehicles to roam our streets, we should strive to predict the impact that they could have and prevent as many negative externalities as possible. Moreover, it is expected that the ability to let go of the wheel and multitask could substantially decrease the in-vehicle value of time, triggering travel behavioral changes, which could in turn have a negative impact on the environmental sustainability of the transport system. Thus, we tried to estimate the environmental rebound effect linked to behavioral changes caused by shared autonomous vehicle deployment. This study presents results of a simulation of the transport system of Santander (Spain), performed by linking the activity-based demand estimation developed in SimMobility to microsimulation in Aimsun and its battery consumption and pollutant emissions models. The results yielded by the study present the magnitude to which identified travel behavioral changes could affect the environmental performance of the transport system, as well as the overall outcome of all identified behavioral changes. The outcomes show that the rebound effect could increase the CO2 emissions by almost 40% compared with a scenario with no behavioral changes. We believe this topic to be particularly interesting for policy makers, urban planners and regional authorities.
Impact of Pandemic on Commuters’ Mode Choice Behavior: A Case Study of Dalian City, China
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna , Zhao Shengchuan , Hou Dezao , Joshi Manmohan
Published: January 2024

Fear of COVID-19 infection has influenced individuals’ decisions on making travel choices. Consequently, an unprecedented change occurred in travel behavior around the world. This study analyzes commuters’ mode choice behavior during COVID-19 using stated preference data collected in Dalian. In addition to the usual practice of taking sociodemographic and travel characteristics into account, the study also quantifies the effect of safety regulations on commuters’ mode choice behavior. A multinomial logit (MNL) and mixed logit (ML) model with panel correlation are developed to understand the impact of various factors on commuters’ mode choice. It is found that commuters prefer the mode with more stringent COVID-19 safety regulations than the one with lenient regulations. Additionally, safety regulations implemented during the corona crisis significantly increased subway ridership relative to bus; however, a noticeable shift from transit to the private car is observed. We found income, education, employment status, car ownership before pandemic and safety regulations were the variables that have a significant association with subway use. Similarly, gender and car ownership, both before and during COVID-19, have a significant positive impact, while education and employments are negatively associated with the choice of private cars. The findings will be useful for planners and policymakers for further regulating the transportation system during a crisis like the corona pandemic.
Influences of Geocell Reinforcement on Shear Strength of Railway Roadbeds
Authors: Cheng Bowen , Huang Junhong , Wang Huiyan , Li Xinping
Published: January 2024

The shear strength of geocell-reinforced railway roadbeds is influenced by diverse factors. This research aimed to explore the shear deformation performance of the geocell-reinforced railway roadbed under conditions of different reinforcement locations, confining pressures, and numbers of reinforced layers. To this end, large-scale undrained triaxial tests were conducted to measure the mechanical properties of a geocell-reinforced railway roadbed. The results show that geocell reinforcement plays a significant role in improving the peak deviatoric stress of the railway roadbed. The stress–strain relationship of the railway roadbed always exhibits strain-hardening characteristics, and the railway roadbed shows the optimal shear deformation resistance and strength when it is reinforced in its upper part. As the confining pressure increases, the shear strength and stiffness of the railway roadbed both increase while the secant modulus decreases with increasing axial strain. Meanwhile, the shear strength and strength coefficient of reinforcement of the railway roadbed both increase significantly with the increasing number of reinforced layers, along with large increases in the stiffness and energy absorption of the railway roadbed. The research results can provide a reference for the structural design of railway ballast layers to comprehensively control the stability and deformation of existing heavy railway roadbeds.
Collision-Free Merging Control Via Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Qi Junjie , He Yinglong , Awais Shafique Muhammad , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2024

On-ramp merging zones have long been accident-prone spots as well as major triggers of traffic congestion in freeway networks. This paper proposes a collision-free merging control for connected and autonomous vehicles based on trajectory optimization to facilitate traffic safety and efficiency. The optimization is embedded in a model predictive control algorithm with the aim of maximizing the average travel speeds of all vehicles in the planning horizon. To guarantee collision-free merging, the merging control allows only one vehicle to pass the merging zone at a time. Safety constraints, including minimum time gaps and minimum distances between vehicles, are also considered. A rolling horizon control framework is established to enable dynamic traffic control; specifically, generating optimal acceleration decisions for each time step. The optimization problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming to enable efficient computation. Numerical studies and sensitivity analysis were conducted to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. The results show that the introduced safety constraints can guarantee collision-free merging. Compared to the traditional method, Ih is built on the intelligent driver model and the minimizing overall braking induced by lane-change model, the proposed optimization-based approach results in 5.0%–22.2% improvements with respect to average travel speeds during the merging process. The safety and efficiency improvements are more significant when dealing with higher demand levels. Notably, compared to the difference in initial speeds between the mainline and on-ramp vehicles, the length of the acceleration lane has a greater impact on the control performance.
Expanding Science Learning for Students With Complex Support Needs: A Case Study
Authors: Roberts Carly A. , Saliba Elizabeth H. , Stewart Erin M.
Published: January 2024

There is an expanding body of research focused on exploring inclusive science learning for students with complex support needs. The aim of this qualitative case study was to explore how a research partnership focused on expanding inclusive science learning for students with complex support needs (CSN) could support the learning of a focal student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and his general education and special education teachers. We framed the study using critical inclusion and expansive learning frameworks to explore how a new expansive learning space, science-as-practice, was created and supported the learning of both the focal learner and his teachers. Findings suggest that the flexible learning contexts, across and within both his general education and special education classrooms, supported the focal learner in engaging meaningfully in science learning. Furthermore, evidence of his learning helped expand his teachers’ views of science learning for students with CSN.
Integrating recovery-oriented mental health and addictions services directed by clients
Authors: Huehn Victoria
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on the planning, process, and outcomes of integrating multiple services into a system that is based on the client's journey. It demonstrates the incorporation of the client voice and shared decision-making throughout the process. This article provides guidance for leaders looking for ways to engage clients in the planning process. The discussion describes the process used by Frontenac Community Mental Health and Addiction Services to implement a client designed and centred, functionally integrated substance use and mental health service using the Mental Health Commission of Canada’s recovery-oriented strategy. The reality is that although integrated services are evidence based best practices, in only rare cases has this translated into practice. Key messages are that the client voice and direction can be used successfully in designing an integrated mental health and substance use system.
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between School Bullying Victimization and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Roles of Insecure Attachment
Authors: Li Yuchen , Liu Luming , Wang Wenchao
Published: January 2024

School bullying victimization is a highly concerning issue that can lead to a range of negative outcomes. Despite the research showing a significant association between bullying victimization and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), the internal mechanisms with its two components (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms [PTSD] and disorders of self-organization symptoms [DSO]) remain unclear. Previous studies have indicated that attachment style may influence the development of CPTSD symptoms and that there may be sex differences in attachment styles. Thus, the present study aims to examine the mediating role of insecure attachment between school bullying victimization and CPTSD symptoms in males and females. The study assessed bullying victimization, attachment orientation, and CPTSD (i.e., PTSD symptoms and DSO symptoms) symptoms in 675 college students (65.2% females; Mage = 19.6, SD = 1.34) from China who had reported bullying experiences at two different time points, 6 months apart. For females, school bullying victimization predicted PTSD and DSO symptoms through attachment anxiety and only predicted DSO symptoms through attachment avoidance. For males, we found that school bullying victimization predicted PTSD symptoms through attachment avoidance. These findings suggest that attachment is critical in understanding how school bullying victimization may lead to CPTSD symptoms among individuals of different sexes.
Path planning for unmanned load–haul–dump machines based on a VHF_A* algorithm
Authors: Zhang Bingli , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Chengbiao , Cheng Jin , Shen Gan , Wang Xinyu
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to address the low search efficiency, long planning time, and unsmooth path problems in narrow and curved underground mining cave environments using traditional path planning algorithms. Thus, a new path planning method (VFH_A *) based on VFA and A* is proposed for unmanned load–haul–dump (LHD) operating in underground mines. First, the trajectory of the LHD articulation point is considered, the nodes are extended using this point, and collision detection is performed. Notably, the extended nodes neither collide nor conform to the trajectory of the LHD. Second, the vector field histogram (VFH) algorithm is introduced, and the steering and collision threat costs are combined with the comprehensive cost function of the traditional A* algorithm to form the VFH_A* algorithm. Thus, the node with the lowest comprehensive cost is selected for expansion, and redundant nodes are eliminated from the searched node paths. Third, the path is smoothed via Bezier interpolation. This ensures that the LHD operates smoothly and prevents excessive changes in the articulation angle. The proposed method was evaluated using above-ground and underground simulations. Compared with A* and GA algorithms, the VFH_A* algorithm significantly improved the search efficiency and can efficiently generate safe and smooth task paths in different scenarios. The planning time for each scenario was reduced by 85%. Finally, tracking experiments were conducted on the planned task paths of 1.5 and 2.5 m/s, indicating that the tracking error was less than 0.23 m. Overall, the planned path meets the requirements of unmanned LHD, indicating that the proposed method can adapt to practical applications.
The effect of staged process parameters for flow drill screws on the strength of the connection between carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and aluminum alloy
Authors: Ge Xing , Liu Haijiang , Yu ZiJian , Zhu Libin
Published: January 2024

This article applies flow drill screws (FDS) technology to the connection of dissimilar materials, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy (AA6061-T6), and proposes a method to study the influence of FDS process parameters on the strength of the connection in stages. Based on this method, the optimal process parameters for the connection of this type of plate are explored. Firstly, the mathematical analysis of the process in each stage is conducted, and then the different process parameters in different stages are grouped and tested for the strength of the joint. The optimal process parameters obtained from the previous stage are input into the next stage for further testing, resulting in the highest shear connection strength of 5.98 kN for the FDS connection of CFRP and AA6061-T6 plates. The experimental results show that the influence of different process parameters on the strength of the joint varies in different stages. To improve the connection strength, high speed and low feed force should be selected in the second stage, low speed and low feed force should be selected in the third stage, and the tightening torque should be reasonably selected in the fourth stage.
Regional differences in electroactive response of the sclera
Authors: Hatami-Marbini Hamed , Mehr Jafar Arash
Published: January 2024

The sclera exhibits mechanical response when subjected to an external electric stimulation. The scleral electroactive response is a function of its charge density, mechanical properties, thickness, and strength of the applied electric voltage. The primary objective of the present work was to investigate the regional differences in the electroactive response of porcine sclera. To this end, we cut scleral strips in meridional directions from superior-temporal, superior-nasal, inferior-temporal, and inferior-nasal quadrants. In addition, we excised samples circumferentially from the posterior, equatorial, and anterior regions. The electroactive bending response of these samples was measured under 10 and 15 V in 0.15 M NaCl solution. The meridional samples were tested under two different configurations by clamping them either from their anterior or posterior end. It was observed that the scleral electroactive deformation increased with increasing the the electric voltage. Furthermore, regardless of the region from which meridional strips were excised, their electroactive response was considerably larger when they were clamped from their anterior end. Unlike meridional strips, the electroactive response of circumferential samples was significantly dependent on the location, that is, the average maximum bending angle of posterior samples was significantly larger than that of equatorial and anterior strips. The regionally different electroactive bending response of the sclera was discussed in terms of the variation in its biochemical and biomechanical properties throughout the eyeball.
Peace needs constant reproduction: The temporality of the diplomatic system
Authors: Nishikawa-Pacher Andreas
Published: January 2024

If a diplomatic cocktail party lasts two hours, does it equal the duration of peace? Or are there less simplistic conceptualizations of ‘peace’ and ‘time’ for the theorization of diplomatic practices? This article draws on a concept of temporality based on an irreversible before/after distinction, and combines it with the modern systems theoretical premise that every event within the diplomatic system occurs under the medium of peace, finding that: (a) peace is not a state of affairs, but a medium of communication; (b) peace has no chronometric duration, but it is temporally minimal, vanishing as soon as it appears; (c) peace needs constant reproduction, i.e. the system of diplomacy regenerates itself by continuously triggering further peace-mediated events; and (d) peace is both negative and positive, as it denotes a restraint of violent capacities but needs active communication. These insights offer a universal concept of ‘peace’ that is abstract enough to cover every interpolity tie. They also suggest further research opportunities, including into what the rapid acceleration of society means for the proliferation of ever-quicker, ever-more-trivial diplomatic practices.
Indian Millennials’ Financial Literacy and Its Relationship with Financial Instruments and Fintech
Authors: Bhatia Bhavya
Published: January 2024

The study aims to evaluate the relationship between the use of nine financial instruments and the usage of two fintech applications with the four pillars of financial literacy, namely financial knowledge, advanced financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. A mixed-method analysis is conducted, proceeding with primary research through online surveys of 189 respondents and consequently phenomenology-based interviews with select respondents. A series of logistic regression estimates are specified to evaluate the relationships. Financial behaviour is identified as the pillar that explains the usage of the majority of instruments, while financial knowledge and financial attitude have the lowest explanatory power. The study makes important contributions by adapting OECD’s financial literacy construct to evaluate its relationship with different instruments and fintech uses for millennials, a demographic that is a key focus for policymakers, financial services firms, and startups in the post-pandemic digital native world.
An Integrative Review of Social Determinants of Glycemic Targets Achievement in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Bootan Hasan , Voss Joachim G. , Schiltz Nicholas , Naif Ahmed A. , Ruksakulpiwat Suebsarn , Griggs Stephanie
Published: January 2024

Several individual social determinants of health have been identified as significant factors contributing to achieving glycemic targets (glycated hemoglobin < 7). However, it remains unclear how these social variables individually or collectively contribute to glycemic targets among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (U.S.) The purpose of the current integrative review (IR) was to describe and synthesize findings from studies on social determinants of glycemic target achievement in adults with T2D in the U.S. and integrate them into the United States Department of Health and Human Services Conceptual Framework. The databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline with Full Text [EBSCO], Google Scholar, bibliography, and hand searching. A total of 948 records were identified. After excluding duplicates and irrelevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria through title, abstract, and full-text screening, 13 studies were finally included in this IR. The results revealed that race/ethnicity, economic access and stability, educational access and quality, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context contribute to glycemic target achievement among adult patients with T2D in the U.S. Integrating findings from key studies on social determinants of glycemic health may contribute to developing interventions aimed at reducing and eventually eradicating health disparities for individuals with and at risk for T2D in the U.S.