bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-release adaptation of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Mount Malabar Protected Forest, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ARIO ANTON , KARTONO AGUS PRIYONO , PRASETYO LILIK BUDI , SUPRIATNA JATNA
Published: October 2018

Ario A, Kartono AP, Prasetyo LB, Supriatna J. 2018. Post-release adaptation of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Mount Malabar Protected Forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1482-1491. Post-release adaptation study of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) was conducted in twelve months from April 2016 to March 2017 in the Mount Malabar Protected Forest, West Java. We studied eleven Javan gibbons released between March 2014 to August 2016. The purpose of this study was to assess the adaptive ability of the released Javan gibbons. Data collection was conducted by focal animal sampling method with 5-minute interval recording time and ad libitum method. The average time allocation of Javan gibbon activities was the following: feeding 23.02±1,62%; moving 26.95±3.07%; resting 40.88±3.81%; socializing 7.56±3.55%; sexual 0.26±0.24%; and vocalizing 0.95±0.21%. We compared activity allocation data from this study and those from wild Javan gibbons and found similarities as follows: 47.60% at a family of Jowo-Bombom-Yani-Yudi, 62.45% at a pair of Moly-Nancy, 51.70% at a pair of Robin-Moni and 52.58% at a family of Mel-Pooh-Asri. Post-release adaptation of Javan gibbon is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factor includes the ability of each individual to develop wild behavior according to its gender and age group, in terms of natural fruit consumption, brachiation movement, morning calls and alarm calls, as well as affiliative bonds among individuals. External factors include the ability of Javan gibbon to adapt to the environment, namely weather conditions and human presence.
Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wilt disease on chili pepper
Authors: YANTI YULMIRA , WARNITA WARNITA , REFLIN REFLIN , BUSNIAH MUNZIR
Published: October 2018

Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Busniah M. 2018. Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wilt disease on chili pepper. Biodiversitas 19: 1532-1538. Bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (Foc), respectively are the most damaging vascular pathogens in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and many other crops limiting their production, worldwide. Various strategies have been developed to control wilt pathogens including the application of chemical pesticides, which generally considered as the most effective and fastest strategy for plant disease management. However, effective chemicals for wilt pathogens of chili pepper plants are not available, yet. Endophytic bacteria considered as one of options to control vascular wilt disease because of its ability to live and colonize in internal roots of plants. Previous research has been done to select endophytic indigenous bacteria isolates which can promote growth rate of chili pepper. The purpose of the research was to identify the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria isolates acquired from our previous study using 16S rRNA identifications and to screen the selected endophytic indigenous bacteria to control both R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Foc. Results from 16S r RNA analysis showed that all of 9 isolates were identified as Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792, Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain DSM 11821, Bacillus mycoides strain 273, Bacillus cereus strain NBRC 15305, Bacillus bingmayongensis strain FJAT-13831 and Bacillus manliponensis strain BL4-6. Our results showed that most of endophytic bacteria isolates application could control both bacterial and Fusarium wilt diseases. Six out of nine isolates can suppress R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis without developing any symptoms and five isolates could suppress symptoms of Foc. Isolates Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232 Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792 and Bacillus mycoides strain 273 were potential for control Foc and R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis in chili pepper.
Sandalwood (Santalum album) growth and farming success strengthen its natural conservation in the Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: SERAN YOSEPH NAHAK , SUDARTO SUDARTO , HAKIM LUCHMAN , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG
Published: October 2018

Seran YN, Sudarto, Hakim L, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2018. Sandalwood (Santalum album) growth and farming success strengthen its natural conservation in the Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1586-1592. Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a unique plant of the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province of Indonesia and locally known as the unity symbol woody fragrance (hau meni). The study aimed to compare growth quality of trees grown in plantations and forests in the districts of North Central Timor (TTU) and South Central Timor (TTS). Vegetation analysis was held by purposive sampling in eight sites comprising 87 plots. Plots sizes were 20x20 m2 for trees, 10x10 m2 for poles, and 5x5 m2 for saplings. Variables observed in each plot included density, trunk diameter, height, crown quality, and vitality. Data were analyzed by descriptive and multivariate statistics. The results showed that the growth of sandalwoods varied spatially in all study sites and was classified into five groups. Two plantations in TTS District showed better trees growth quality compared to those in TTU. Higher saplings and poles density were found in two sites, a plantation and a forest in TTU plantation, and in a forest in TTS. However higher vitality were found in two plantations, each one in TTS and TTU. Inferior growth was observed in Nununamat plantation. Farmers had a significant role in strengthening sandalwood conservation in two districts as shown by their successful farming and trees growth quality that was similar to those in the forests.
Sequence variation of captive Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences
Authors: MD-ZAIN BADRUL MUNIR , ABDUL-AZIZ AQILAH , MOHD-YUSUF NUR SYAFIKA , NORSYAMIMI ROSLI , ROVIE-RYAN JEFFRINE JAPNING , KARUPPANNAN KAYAL VIZI , ZULKIFLI NADIATUR AKMAR , YAAKOP SALMAH
Published: October 2018

Md-Zain BM, Abdul-Aziz A, Aifat NR, Mohd-Yusof NS, Norsyamimi R, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Karuppannan KV, Zulkifli NA, Yaakop S. 2018. Sequence variation of captive Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences. Biodiversitas 19: 1601-1606. Malayan gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) can only be found in Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed Malayan gaur in the Red List as vulnerable. The main objective of this study was to investigate sequence variation in the mitochondrial D-loop region of B. g. hubbacki from two captive centers. We collected 30 DNA samples of Malayan gaur from Jenderak Selatan Wildlife Conservation Center in Pahang and the Sungkai Wildlife Reserve in Perak. Polymerase chain reactions were performed to amplify all the samples. DNA sequences were analyzed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. Based on the 652 base pairs obtained, we found only seven variable characters with a value of 1% and a genetic distance between the two captive centers of 0.001. Haplotype analyses using DnaSP software detected only four haplotypes between these two captive centers. Both NJ and MP trees portrayed all Malayan gaur individuals in Jenderak Selatan and Sungkai captive centers as belonging to the same clade. Genetic variation of Malayan gaur in these centers is considered low due to individuals possibly sharing the same common parent. This sequence variation information is of paramount importance for the proper breeding and conservation management program of Malayan gaur in the future.
Conservation and selection of plus trees of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: ARPIWI NI LUH , WAHYUNI I GUSTI AYU SUGI , MUKSIN I KETUT , SUTOMO SUTOMO
Published: October 2018

Arpiwi  NL, Wahyuni IGAS, Muksin IK, Sutomo. 2018. Conservation and selection of plus trees of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1607-1614. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre or commonly known as pongamia is a tropical legume tree produces oil seeds for biodiesel feedstock. The aims of present study were mapping growth sites of pongamia in Bali,  counting the number of trees and selecting plus trees based on growth parameters such as total height, clear bole height, diameter at breast height, canopy width, and oil content. Method of plus tree selection was comparison tree where one candidate tree was compared with 5 nearby check trees from each village. A total of 126 pongamia trees were found in coastal beach of Bali. The majority of trees were in the north west of the island.  Temperature ranges from 26-28oC, humidity ranges from 74-80% and altitude 5-50 meters above sea level. Eight pongamia plus trees were selected from 4 villages namely Kalibukbuk, Pengulon, Pemogan, and Sanur. In conclusion, pongamia was mostly distributed in the northern-west part of the Bali Island of Buleleng District. Lower number of trees was also found in the southern and western part of the island. Trees either scattered or grown in small groups. The number of pongamia tree in Bali is small and this needs further action for conserving the species.
Biodiversity and distribution of termite nests in West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: SUBEKTI NIKEN , NURVAIZAH ISMA , NUNAKI JAN HENDRIEK , WAMBRAU HENGKY LUKAS
Published: October 2018

Subekti N, Nurvaizah I, Nunaki JN, Wambrau HK, Mar’ah R. 2018. Biodiversity and distribution of termite nests in West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1659-1664. Termites play an important role in plant nutritive cycles by contributing to the disintegration and decomposition of organic matter. However, termites also cause damage to wood in nature as well as in buildings. Therefore, termites are potential pests and need to be controlled. Effective control of termites requires knowledge about their species prevalence and distribution. The current study aimed to identify the termite species and nest distributions in West Papua. A survey to determine the distribution of termite nests used the transect line method with intervals of 50 m in width and length. The results showed that there were 35 termite nests on 10 host trees species, namely Calophyllum inophyllum (Bintanggur), Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Lancat), Intsia bijuga (Kayu besi), Inocarpus fagifer (Gayang), Canarium hirsutum (Kenari), Horsfieldia parviflora (Pala hutan), Diospyros papuana (Black wood), Aleurites moluccana (Kemiri), Pometia coreacea (Matoa), and Vatica rassak (Resak). These nests harbored three termite genera, including Microcerotermes, Longipeditermes, and Bulbitermes. Microcerotermes were the most commonly found and had a wide distribution across almost all points of observation.
Karst vegetation in the natural habitat of sandalwood (Santalum album) at various altitude places in Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: LIO FRANSISCA XAVERIANA SERAFINA , DEWI MARIA PAULIN SARI
Published: October 2018

Lio FXS, Dewi MPS. 2018. Karst vegetation in the natural habitat of sandalwood (Santalum album) at various altitude places in Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1703-1713. Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) was the superior commodity In South Central Timor District, but it tends to decrease in number at present. South Central Timor has been highly regarded for the quality and former abundance of its sandalwood stocks and it has been one of the most productive sources for sandalwood on Timor Island. It grows in the karst ecosystem at altitude of 450-1044 m asl. This study aims to assess karst vegetation in the natural habitat of sandalwood at three elevation sites in South Central Timor. A total of 4 plots were placed in the middle land zone (307-382 m asl.), 7 plots in the upland zone (784-1031 m asl.), and 4 plots in the highland zone (1665-1782 m asl.). Data were sampled using a square plot measuring 20 x 20m for tree, and the sub-plot of 1 x 1m for the ground vegetation category. Ecological data were measured together with the sampling of vegetation data, while the soil quality was assessed in the laboratory of Nusa Cendana University. The results showed that the higher a place from the sea surface, the less number of species was found. The highest number of species was found in the upland zone, but it tended to decrease in the highland zone. Dominant species placed at each zone were also different, which in the middeland zone the dominant species were Acacia mangium, Tectona grandis, and Eleusine indica; in the upland zone, they were Lantana camara, Gmelina arborea, Senna siamea and Cyperus rotundus, whereas in highland zone was dominated by Senna occidentalis, Portulaca oleracea, Eucalyptus urophylla, and C. rotundus. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that environmental factors did not affect the species number in research sites. Ecological condition and soil quality in research sites indicated that those conditions are suitable for sandalwood's growth.
Recognizing indigenous knowledge of the Karangwangi Rural Landscape in South Cianjur, Indonesia for sustainable land management
Authors: AMELIA FATIYA , ISKANDAR JOHAN , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , MALONE NICHOLAS
Published: October 2018

Amelia F, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R, Malone N. 2018. Recognizing indigenous knowledge of the Karangwangi Rural Landscape in South Cianjur, Indonesia for sustainable land management. Biodiversitas 19: 1722-1729. Karangwangi is a rural community on the south coast of West Java, Indonesia. The people of Karangwangi possess traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of local landscapes through cultural inheritance and personal experiences of interacting with their environment. The people of Karangwani Village recognize various natural-cultural landscape types, including leuweung (forest); swidden field (huma); wet rice fields (sawah); home garden (pekarangan); garden (kebun); mixed-garden (kebun campuran); river (sungai); and sea (laut). These various landscapes have continuously changed over time due to people’s socio-economic and cultural activities. The aim of this study was to develop an ethnoecological approach to elucidate historical changes to the Karangwangi landscapes. Toward this aim, we conducted mixed-method, qualitative and quantitative research. In addition to recognizing the various types of cultural and natural landscapes, the local people of Karangwangi are able to describe the history of landscape changes between 1950 to 2017. As identified by informants, these changes have been caused by various factors, including increases in population density, implementation of government policies and village development.
Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoes in coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand
Authors: CHAIPHONGPACHARA TANAWAT , LAOJUN SEDTHAPONG , KUNPHICHAYADECHA CHAEKKI
Published: October 2018

Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Kunphichayadecha C. 2018. Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoes in coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 19: 1750-1754. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CDC light trap on mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas (2 and 4 km from the sea) of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. We conducted a field test by trapping for 30 consecutive days from September to October 2017. The trap was hung at a height of 1.5 m and was 50 m away from a house. A total of 2963 adult female mosquitoes of 4 species belonging to 2 genera were trapped, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The trapping rate of the CDC light trap set up 2 km from the sea was 85.70±73.81 adult mosquitoes per night. Meanwhile, at the location 4 km from the sea, the trap collected 13.07±11.40 adult mosquitoes per night. Comparing the numbers of mosquitoes captured by the CDC light trap between these two sites, there was a significant difference at p < 0.05. This study shows that the CDC light trap can be used for effective control of mosquitoes in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand, especially Cx. sitiens, a filariasis vector.
Management of coastal biodiversity based on social-cultural values in constructing conservation character education
Authors: KATILI ABUBAKAR SIDIK , UTINA RAMLI , TAMU YOWAN , NUSANTARI ELYA
Published: October 2018

Katili AS, Utina R, Tamu Y, Nusantari E. 2018. Management of coastal biodiversity based on social-cultural values in constructing conservation character education. Biodiversitas 19: 1763-1768. Coastal biodiversity is quite high including coral reef, mangrove, seagrass, and fishery resources. Management of coastal biodiversity can be conducted interdisciplinary covering various aspects. Four main aspects can be integrated, i.e., physical-biodiversity, social-cultural, character education, and conservation. This present study aimed to describe: coastal biodiversity in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia community’s social-cultural value and local wisdom embodying conservation character of the coastal ecosystem, and character education of coastal ecosystem biodiversity in primary school by learning with a prototype of conservation character-based materials. Specifically, the present study aimed to construct the conservation character education based on social-cultural values. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative method by comparing and referring to findings from the previous studies. The procedure used in this research was four-D, i.e., (i) Define stage; by doing the identification and exploration of the coastal biodiversity potential. The methods used in this stage was exploration survey method. Focused group discussions were conducted with coastal communities to identify social-cultural values and local wisdom and to analyze the core and basic competence of learners by examining the tools of the lesson and determining the competence. (ii) Design stage; by designing a prototype of learning material to construct the conservation character for learners. (iii) Development stage; by validating the prototype of learning material for constructing the conservation character for the learner. (iv) Dissemination stage, by doing seminars and information dissemination on a prototype of learning material to construct the conservation character. The results showed that in Gorontalo, there were three components of the coastal ecosystem which included mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef. The communities in the coastal area of Gorontalo were prominent in their strengthened social-cultural roots taking the form of ecological awareness. The community in coastal area possessed local knowledge of the natural resources, e.g., plants and animals, and local attribution of such resources in the local language. The conservation character-education based on social-cultural values, specifically local wisdom, is the most appropriate education model to encourage the pattern of biodiversity coastal ecosystem management. Conservation character education was highly relevant to life-enhancing skills, based on the empowerment of skills and coastal biodiversity potential in each region.
Short Communication: Identification of marine leech and assessment of its prevalence and intensity on cultured hybrid groupers (Epinephelus sp.)
Authors: MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO , NEGORO SRI LAKSONO CONDRO , ISNANSETYO ALIM , ZAFRAN ZAFRAN
Published: October 2018

Murwantoko, Negoro SLC, Isnansetyo A, Zafran. 2018. Short Communication: Identification of marine leech and determination of its prevalence and intensity on cultured hybrid groupers (Epinephelus sp.). Biodiversitas 19: 1798-1804. Grouper is an important fish species due to its high price both in domestic and international markets. Several hybrid groupers have been produced and can be accepted in market. A major production constraint in grouper culture is mortality due to diseases. Leech is an ectoparasite for groupers which may cause significant loss. The aims of this study were to identify and to assess the prevalence and intensity of leech on hybrid grouper cultured in sea cages at Buleleng waters. Morphological identification was conducted using fresh and stained specimens while molecular identification was conducted using nucleotides sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). The presence of leech was observed by unaided observation of 14 populations of hybrid grouper. Morphological identification showed that the leech belonged to Zeylanicobdella arugamensis. This result was also supported by analysis of COI sequence that showed 100% homology with Z. arugamensis (accession number KY 441721.1) and 90% homology with Aestabdella abditovesiculata (accession number DQ414300.1). Hybrid groupers at sea cages were infected by leeches with prevalence and intensity, respectively, of 100% and 21.2 leeches fish-1. The prevalence and intensity were varied depending on the farm and population. Cantik grouper was more susceptible to leech infection than cantang grouper. The bigger fish tended to have higher leech prevalence and intensity.
Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets
Authors: NOORMOHAMMADI ZAHRA , TABAN MARYAM , FARAHANI FARAH
Published: October 2018

Noormohammadi Z, Taban M, Farahani F. 2018. Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets. Biodiversitas 19: 1805-1810. Catharanthus roseus L.G. Don, is the essential medicinal plant with considerable attention. This plant is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The main alkaloids in C. roseus are vinblastine, vincristine, and ajmalicine. The tryptophan decarboxylase (Tdc) and Strictosidine synthase (Str) are key enzymes in TIA biosynthesis. In the present study, Tdc and Str gene expressions, as well as vinblastine production were evaluated in tissue culture regenerated plantlets in 4 groups; control, 60 Gy irradiation, 50 mg/L putrescine and 60 Gy irradiation + 50mg/L putrescine treatments. The results revealed significant increase in Tdc and Str gene expressions in 60 Gy irradiation + 50mg/L putrescine treated plantlets in comparison with control samples by using qPCR methods. HPLC analysis showed a higher amount of vinblastine in 60 Gy + 59 mg/L putrescine treated plantlets. Gamma radiation and putrescine as elicitor and polyamine, respectively, are able to improve vinblastine production in C. roseus.
Short Communication: Decreased populations of Scutellaria discolor and Plectranthus galeatus (Lamiaceae) on Mount Gede, West Java, Indonesian and its surrounding
Authors: SUDARMONO SUDARMONO
Published: October 2018

Sudarmono. 2018. Decreased populations of Scutellaria discolor and Plectranthus galeatus (Lamiaceae) on Mount Gede, West Java, Indonesian and its surrounding. Biodiversitas 19: 1866-1870. Scutellaria discolor Colebr. and Plectranthus galeatus Vahl. are herbs belonging to mint family (Lamiaceae) which have the potential to be used for medicinal purposes. However, their population is gradually declining. The population of the two species are now only found in the mountains or highlands or the edges of the forests that are still protected, i.e. Mount Gede and Telaga Warna protected forest. This research aimed to know the condition of parent and seedling population of Scutellaria discolor Colebr and Plectranthus galeatus Vahl. on Mount Gede and Telaga Warna vicinities, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research method used was parallel transect lines. Association of the existing plants in the vicinity of the area were also observed. In Mount Gede at altitudes about 1200 m above sea level there are 203 seedlings and 167 parents of S. discolor species, while there are 69 seedlings and 11 parents of P. galeatus. This is higher than the populations of 1100 m altitude, i.e. there are 76 seedlings and 45 parents of S. discolor and 12 seedlings and 9 parents of P galeatus. In Telaga Warna, S. discolor exist only at altitudes about 1500 m asl., i.e.. 47 seedlings and 52 parents. While for P. galeatus, there are 37 seedlings and 31 parents at altitudes about 1500 m. At altitude below 1400 m, there are 18 seedlings and 8 parents, this is very rare. Populations of S. discolor and P. galeatus in Mount Gede at an altitude between 1100-1300 m asl is a balance between the seedlings and its parent population which is the same for seedling populations of S. discolor in Telaga Warna at an altitude of 1400-1500 m asl, but for P. galeatus seedling number decreases from an altitude of 1400 to 1500 m asl.
Molecular identification of coffee (Coffea arabica) pollinator insects in North Sumatra, Indonesia based on designed COI primers
Authors: SITOMPUL AIDA FITRIANI , SIREGAR ELIDA HAFNI , ROESMA DEWI IMELDA , DAHELMI DAHELMI , PRASETYA EKO
Published: October 2018

Sitompul FA, Siregar EH, Roesma DI, Dahelmi, Prasetya E. 2018. Molecular identification of coffee (Coffea arabica) pollinator insects in North Sumatra, Indonesia based on designed COI primers. Biodiversitas 19: 1877-1883. Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most important economic commodities in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Insects associated with pollination of C. arabica are one of the key factors for successful cultivation of C. arabica, but, the research regarding of these was still limited. The population of coffee plant is scattered across the highlands of Indonesia and the pollination of C. arabica is strongly believed linked to a diverse group of pollinating insects. However, lack of taxonomic identification of insects pollinating these plants has become one of constraints to succeed the cultivation of C. Arabica. This study aimed to analyze types and variations of pollinating insects of C. arabica in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia, using DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding is now considered an alternative method of molecular identification. Sixteen of C. arabica flower visitors were captured in different planting location in North Sumatra province. Using mtDNA markers, the cytochrome oxidase subunit sequence I (COI), about 12 pollinator insect species were identified based on the COI sequence i.e Amegilla cingulata, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Trigona chanchamayoensis, Idiella divisa, Dolichopodidae sp., Allactoneura sp., Stomorhina discolor, Phytomia erratica, Rhiniidae sp., Melipona bicolor, and Hymenoptera sp.
Short Communication: Variation in vocal cord morphometric characters among dangdut type and the slow type Gaga Chicken
Authors: ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO , SOPHIAN ALFI , EFENDI PIPIH SUNINGSI , SISWANTINING TITIN
Published: October 2018

Abinawanto, Sophian A, Effendi PS, Siswantining T. 2018. Short Communication: Variation in vocal cord morphometric characters among dangdut type and the slow type Gaga Chicken. Biodiversitas 19: 1902-1905. Gaga chicken is one of the ornamental chicken originating from Sidendreng and Rapang (South Sulawesi). Gaga chicken has a unique crowing sound, like people laugh. Gaga’s chicken which has a long and fast crowing sound known as the dangdut type, while those with short and slow crowing sound are known as slow type. Study was conducted in Pinrang (South Sulawesi), where one of the pure strains are located. Samples were collected from Kanie, Bullo, Macege, Rappang, and Sidenreng. The purpose of study was to determine the characteristics of the vocal cord morphometric among the dangdut type and the slow type of Gaga’s chicken. All of the morphometric data were recorded and analyzed by Mean Test, using SPSS (version 22). The results showed that there was no significant difference (a = 0.010) among the dangdut type and the slow type based on syrinx morphometric. Meanwhile, according to the trachea muscle morphometric the results showed that the trachea muscle of dangdut type was longer than the slow type (a < 0.010). In addition, either the right or the left trachea muscle of dangdut type was longer than either the right or the left trachea muscle of the slow type (a < 0.010).
Spatial distribution of echinoderms in littoral area of Ambon Island, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: SETYASTUTI ANA , PURBIANTORO WAHYU , HADIYANTO HADIYANTO
Published: October 2018

Setyastuti A, Purbiantoro W, Hadiyanto. 2018. Spatial distribution of echinoderms in littoral area of Ambon Island, Eastern Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1919-1925. Echinoderms samples were collected in Ambon Island as part of the marine resource inventories designed to study the biodiversity of Maluku Archipelago. The purpose of this works was to investigate the abundance and genus richness of echinoderms within the five sampling sites using single transect orthogonal to the coast consisted of 10-quadrat plot of 5x5m, the distance between plots was 10m at each site. Furthermore, this study also aimed to understand the relation of substrate type and community composition within those five sites. The substrate was classified into four types (sea-grass, macro-algae, sand, rocks and/or dead coral) noted by presence/absence mark at each plot. The differences in total abundance and genus richness among those sites were analyzed using an Analysis of Deviance following a Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) fitted by Poisson and log link. However, in term of genus composition, the data were visualized using a Principal Coordination Analysis (PCoA) plots calculated from Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on the log (x+1) transformed abundance data. A total of 910 individuals of echinoderms belonging to 19 genera was successfully recorded. Total abundance of echinoderms was different significantly among sites (p<0.05). The most abundant echinoderms were collected from Tanjung Tiram, approximately 68.71 individuals/quadrat, which was almost 1.4 times than those in Liang and even 4 times than those in Suli. The genus composition between sites was significantly different (p<0.05). The composition of substrate types among sites was not significantly different (p>0.05), however the composition of substrates correlated significantly with the composition of echinoderms genus (p<0.05, rho=0.36). In conclusion, more complex the substrate variation in an area will affect the diversity and abundance of Echinoderms community therein.
Short Communication: The utilization and effectiveness test of andisol soil-bioball-Agrobacterium sp. toward heavy metal chrome removal
Authors: PRANOTO PRANOTO , ROSARIASTUTI RETNO , PRIHANDOKO ALFIAN
Published: October 2018

Pranoto, Rosariastuti R, Prihandoko A. 2018. Short Communication: The utilization and effectiveness test of andisol soil-bioball-Agrobacterium sp. toward heavy metal chrome removal. Biodiversitas 19: 1955-1959. This study was aimed to determine chrome metal adsorption and bioremediation ability using andisol soil, bioball, and Agrobacterium sp. The andisol soil characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) while the cell quantity of Agrobacterium sp. was calculated by hemocytometer method. Determination of adsorption and bioremediation effectiveness was done using several parameters such as effect of pH solution, ratio variation of andisol soil-bio ball-Agrobacterium sp, and contact time. The pH variation was ranged from 1-6, while the composition variation of andisol-bioball-Agrobacterium sp. were 2: 0: 0, 1, 5: 1: 5, 1: 2: 10, 0, 5: 3: 15, and 0: 4: 20 (gr: item: mL), and contact time of 30,60,90,120, and 150 minutes. The result of this research shows that the optimum adsorption and bioremediation of Cr metal at pH 5, while the optimum ratio of andisol soil-bioball-Agrobacterium sp was 1, 5: 1: 5 (gr: item: mL), with the contact time for 120 minutes with Cr decrease percentage of 71.3%. The adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.
Capacidade Relacional e Desenvolvimento de Novos Produtos em Pequenas Empresas de Base Tecnológica
Authors: Almeida João Marcos Silva de , Costa Priscila Rezende da , Braga Junior Sergio Silva , Porto Geciane Silveira
Published: October 2018

A integração das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), bem como a multidisciplinaridade dos conhecimentos gerados, contribuem para que as pequenas empresas de base tecnológica (PEBTs) busquem de forma contínua e colaborativa a inovação em seus produtos. Sendo assim, o amadurecimento da capacidade relacional a partir de alianças estratégicas pode ser relevante para a conquista de diferenciais competitivos a partir do desenvolvimento de novos produtos (DNP). Diante deste contexto, buscou-se responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: como se dá a interação entre capacidade relacional e DNP? Para tal, delineou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa realizada a partir de estudo de caso múltiplo com quatro PEBTs do setor de biotecnologia. Dados primários foram coletados a partir de entrevistas estruturadas e dados secundários foram obtidos a partir de documentos organizacionais, incluindo contratos, projetos e relatórios de DNP. Adotou-se a análise de conteúdo para interpretar os dados e foi utilizada uma estratégia analítica baseada em proposições teóricas que conduziram as discussões. Além disso, adotou-se o software Iramuteq para recuperação de corpus textuais e palavras. A partir da discussão dos resultados foi possível analisar como as PEBTs de biotecnologia planejam, estruturam, coordenam e sincronizam as alianças estratégicas contratuais para o DNP. Os resultados agregados também fundamentaram a proposição de um modelo descritivo sobre a capacidade relacional associada ao DNP, identificando suas interações e sinergias processuais, o que contribui para o avanço do conhecimento sobre gestão de alianças estratégicas para DNP em PEBTs.
Using Lichenometry, Dendrochronology, and Historical Data to Establish the Relative Age of an Abandoned Cemetery in Northern Arkansas
Authors: Garrett Kluthe Brandy , Guiccioni Margaret , Stephenson Steven L.
Published: October 2018

Folklore surrounding an abandoned cemetery located in Johnson County, Arkansas (a part of the Louisiana Purchase) suggested that it was used by early settlers. Historical records were combined with several dating techniques to determine the approximate time periods that Cedar Grove Cemetery was established and abandoned. Cores extracted from trees located adjacent to or on graves provided evidence that the cemetery was abandoned in the 1920s. These results coincide with the last burial event in 1922. The approximate age of undated gravesites was determined using lichenometry. A lichen growth rate of 0.0685 cm/year was determined for lichens present on two gravestones with known dates. This growth rate was then applied to the undated graves to establish their approximate ages. Death dates from historical records of individuals buried in the cemetery matched the dates established by the lichen growth rate. Our results show that many of the unmarked graves date prior to the first documented private ownership of the land. The results of this study support local folklore passed down over several generations about the origin of the cemetery.
Políticas del tiempo, políticas de la historia: ¿quiénes son mis contemporáneos?
Authors: Mudrovcic María Inés
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo intento abordar la importancia que posee el análisis del presente para una teoría del tiempo histórico. A tal fi n, abordo la noción de “políticas del tiempo” como actos que realizamos en el presente y que determinan quiénes lo habitan. En primer lugar, intento mostrar cómo en el siglo XIX y, en Occidente, el presente comenzó a ser experimentado como “contemporáneo”. En segundo lugar, discuto los presupuestos que subyacen a esta experiencia de lo contemporáneo y de qué forma produce una discriminación sincrónica (los “primitivos” o “salvajes” de la antropología) y diacrónica (los “muertos” del pasado histórico). Palabras-clave: presente; tiempo histórico; políticas del tiempo.
Estados de cosas y relaciones de fundación
Authors: Alvarado José Tomás
Published: October 2018

Un estado de cosas es una estructura no-mereológica compuesta por universales, objetos y tiempos. En principio, un estado de cosas no está fundado en sus componentes, pues tales componentes podrían existir, pero no el estado de cosas que componen. La introducción de otras relaciones de ‘instanciación’ no mejoran la situación, si tales relaciones son universales. Un estado de cosas, sin embargo, sí está fundado en un universal, uno o varios objetos, un tiempo y un tropo que, esencialmente, es la instanciación de tal universal en tal objeto, o en tales objetos, en tal tiempo. Si los estados de cosas están fundados en sus constituyentes, entonces hay una razón para admitir tropos. Finalmente, se discuten varias razones por los que los estados de cosas deben estar fundados.
Migrantes forzosos e irregulares y la actuación de la UE en la gestión de la crisis transfronteriza
Authors: Attinà Fulvio
Published: October 2018

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la respuesta de la UE a la crisis provocada por el crecimiento de la afluencia de inmigrantes irregulares llegados a Europa en 2011 y en los años posteriores. La primera sección examina las causas de los flujos migratorios actuales en términos generales y explica por qué muchos ciudadanos europeos y líderes políticos se muestran hostiles a la llegada de los inmigrantes, cuando la mayoría de ellos se han visto obligados a abandonar sus hogares. En la segunda sección, se analiza la gestión de la crisis migratoria por parte de los líderes de la UE a través de los conceptos y herramientas del proyecto TransCrises, una investigación Horizonte2020 sobre la gestión de riesgos y crisis transfronterizos. En concreto, esta sección analiza cómo los líderes de la UE han llevado a cabo las siete tareas de gestión que los expertos consideran importantes para que una crisis no produzca consecuencias dañinas. En la sección final, se evalúa la gestión de la crisis migratoria en la UE y se brindan consejos para mejorar su gestión.
La fase después de 2002: el refortalecimiento de las relaciones Irán-Turquía y las perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Tsardanidis Charalambos
Published: October 2018

El curso de las relaciones Irán-Turquía de los últimos treinta años reflejan de alguna manera los dos grandes cambios globales: en primer lugar, la reducción de la securitización en favor de la economía de cooperación y, en segundo lugar, la creciente importancia de la cooperación regional como resultado de la aparición de un mundo multipolar. El refuerzo de las relaciones de Turquía con Irán comenzó a hacerse más fuerte en 2002. Las razones que han llevado a este empoderamiento fueron las siguientes: primera, la llegada al poder del partido moderado Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo (AKP) y la aparición, un poco más tarde, de Recep Tayyip Erdoğan como primer ministro. Segunda, la presencia de Estados Unidos en Afganistán e Iraq. Tercera, la convergencia de la política exterior de ambos países con respecto a Oriente Medio. Cuarta, el descontento de Turquía con Occidente y la formación de nuevas políticas exteriores hacia Oriente Medio. Quinta, el criterio económico también ha jugado un papel. La intensa cooperación entre los dos Estados parece que se suspendió en 2011 debido a los problemas que surgieron ese año. Estos problemas son: por un lado Irán se negó a hacer concesiones económicas a Turquía. Por otro lado, el resurgimiento de la competición entre ambos en el mayor territorio de Oriente Medio, sobre todo tras la Primavera árabe. Sin embargo, la insurreción de los Sunitas contra el régimen sirio ha probado ser el factor más decisivo en las relaciones Irán-Turquía, aunque ambos países trabajan junto para combatir el nacionalismo kurdo.
Nadzieja na wieczność według Chantal Delsol
Authors: Przybylska Nelli
Published: October 2018

Monique Atlan and Roger-Pol Droit both propose a reassessment of the dominant rationalistic pessimism of people through the perspective of hope. From this point of view, one should definitely learn thinking also in terms of hope. According toChantal Delsol, European pessimism can be overcome with Christian faith. The hope of eternal life derives from the Jewish and Christian principles of faith. The respect for eternityoriginated the great achievements of civilization. The philosopher attempts to transpose this spiritual program and values onto a social plan.Similar perception of hope in the perspective of faith coincides, despite the distinctarticulation, in the Peguy’s poem. For Peguy the figure of a little girl personifies the frailand weak hope. According to Delsol, the European hope can be rebuilt through the anthropologicalvision of a fragile man. Her concept of hope is based on the acceptance ofhuman imperfection.
Wieczne Jeruzalem vs ziemski Babilon. Wyobrażenie miasta i conditio humana
Authors: Nieszczerzewska Malgorzata
Published: October 2018

The main inquiry of the article is a question of anti-modern and anti-urbanimagery of a 19th century metropolis, that was a reaction to the rapid changes of a moderncity space and culture (both in its physical and spiritual dimension). This imagerywas constructed first and foremost by people, who were attached to tradition, conservativevalues and Christian belief, therefore, the author pays particular attention to theopposition of two, dichotomic urban metaphors: Jerusalem and Babylon, which symbolize not only a materialistic and social sphere of a modern city, but – considered froma perspective of the Christian vision of culture – a condition of human being as well.
Konieczność - nieoczywisty wymiar wieczności w koncepcji św. Anzelma z Canterbury
Authors: Małecki Wiesław
Published: October 2018

The main aim of this article is to describe and analyze St. Anselm concept of eternity to present a non-obvious dimension of this idea. Because his philosophical andtheological notion of eternity does not involve only – as common sense suggests – the idea of time but also the very concept of necessity. However, this time, it goes far beyond the understanding of the necessity only in logical terms like it was in case of his ontologicalproof for the existence of God.
Study on Dimension Measurement for Gas Guide Groove of Gun Barrel
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Yang Kangjun , Bo Lin
Published: October 2018

An automatic measurement system based on the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) of vibration signal is developed to obtain the depth and width of gas guide grooves in the gun barrel. The system consists of the programmable logic controller module used to control the motions of system components, a mechanical apparatus used to fix the gun barrel and position the transducer, and a measurement device used to capture and analyze the measured data. With the SWT, the interference noise, baseline wander, and interference harmonics are successively eliminated from the captured displacement signal. Afterwards, the peak and valley points are detected out, which, respectively, represent the information of groove depth and of groove width. Finally, the dimensions of the gas guide groove are determined according to the points detected out and the calibration information. In the experiment, the steps of data processing are provided in detail, and the analysis results show that the measuring error is less than 3 %, which can meet the actual requirements.
Experimental and 3-D Finite Element Analyses on Geocell-Reinforced Embankments
Authors: Banerjee Lalima , Chawla Sowmiya , Bhandari Gupinath
Published: October 2018

This article presents an improvement in performance that is due to the inclusion of geocell in the embankment base overlying a soft foundation bed. Firstly, model tests were conducted on embankments over soft clay, in which a mattress of geocell reinforcement was placed at the interface between the embankment and soft foundation bed, which was trimmed at the embankment’s toe. Parameters like type of infill material and aspect ratio (pocket-size) of the geocell layer were varied during the experimental program to observe their effects on the performance of geocell-reinforced embankments. A model test on unreinforced embankment was also carried out to show influence on performance and improvement as a result of the presence of geocell reinforcement. A significant percentage of decrease in vertical settlements, lateral deformations, and heaving—with a percentage of increase in the load-bearing capacity of embankments reinforced with geocell—were observed from the test results, as compared to unreinforced embankments. The experimental results were validated using three-dimensional finite element analyses of geocell-reinforced embankments. The results of the finite element method (FEM) showed good agreement with that of the model tests. The displacement and vertical stress distributions of geocell-reinforced embankment were also studied using FEM. Lastly, a parametric study was carried out to observe the influence of the stiffness of subgrade soil, tensile strength of geocell material, stiffness of infill material, effective friction angle of infill material, and effective cohesion of embankment soil on the performance of geocell-reinforced embankment base.
Improved Approach for Determining Pile Length of Group Pile Using Complex Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Ni Sheng-Huoo , Tsai Pei-Hsun , Yang Yu-Zhang , Chou Wei-Hsiang
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the integrity testing ability of the sonic echo test by using a field-constructed group pile foundation. The energy of the reflected stress wave is relatively weak when a pile cap is presented during pile testing, and signal processing techniques were generally used to enhance the weak signal. The conventional real wavelet transform is difficult to use to identify the time of the reflected wave of the pile toe. The purpose of this article is to improve this drawback of conventional real wavelet transforms using a complex wavelet transform. This study utilized the amplitude and phase message of a complex continuous wavelet transform to determine the pile length of piles that are grouped with a pile cap by analyzing the time-frequency-phase angle diagram in the wide frequency band. Cases of group piles with two and four piles were studied. The results show that the suggested approach is able to detect the reflected signal from the pile toe, as the testing was performed on a pile cap. The results also show that the measured errors of pile length ranged from 2.5 % to −6.1 % in the cases of this study.
Bone Glue Modified Fuel Resistant Asphalt Binder
Authors: Rizvi Hashim Raza , Mehta Yusuf , Weis Darren , Purdy Caitlin
Published: October 2018

Fuel resistant asphalt (FRA) is the binder that can delay hydrocarbon fuel damage by resisting the cut-back properties of hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, etc. The high solubility of asphalt binder in hydrocarbon fuels results in pavement damage that is due to fuel/oil spills at airports, parking lots, drive ways, and roads. FRA can effectively be used to minimize the damage caused by hydrocarbon fuels and improve overall performance of the pavement structure. The additives/composition used in the past to develop FRA were not fully disclosed by the inventors. This research study focused on developing FRA for commercial use using a biopolymer as an additive. Fuel resistance testing, along with mechanical performance testing, was used to evaluate the fuel resistance capabilities and performance of modified binder. Furthermore, a conventional styrene butadiene styrene modified binder was used to compare the fuel damage resistance capabilities and performance characteristics of bio versus synthetic polymer-modified binders. The biopolymer not only significantly enhanced the fuel damage resistance of the neat binder but also improved mechanical properties of the neat binder. Biopolymer-modified asphalt binder showed improvement in rut resistance, elastic response, and performance grade at intermediate and high temperatures.