bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Area of occupancy of Brachycephalus coloratus Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein, 2017 (Anura, Brachycephalidae), endemic to the Serra da Baitaca, Brazil, and its implications for the conservation and Green Status of the species
Authors: Nadaline Júnior , Sandretti-Silva Giovanna , Ribeiro Luiz Fernando , Teixeira Larissa , Pie Marcio Roberto , Bornschein Marcos Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Brachycephalus coloratus was known only from its type locality in the Serra da Baitaca of Paraná, Brazil. Its extent of occurrence was estimated at 0.37 km2, and its conservation status was proposed as Vulnerable. Here, we provide a second record for B. coloratus at Pão de Ló, Paraná, at 1,230 m of altitude. We estimate its current area of occupancy at 1.17 km2 and propose its conservation status as Endangered. The assessment of the Green Status suggests that it is Depleted; the prevention of deforestation and fires could lead to high conservation returns.
(RETRACTED) Ligustrazine Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xufeng , Wang Junfu , Cao Yanhua , Li Kalin , Sun Chao , Jiang Wen , Xin Qian , Wang Jue , Qi Tonggang , Liu Shuangde , Luan Yun
Published: January 2023

Ligustrazine is a Chinese herb (Chuanxiong) approved for use as a medical drug in China. Recent evidence suggests that ligustrazine has promising antitumor properties. Our preliminary results showed that ligustrazine could inhibit the growth of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. However, the complicated molecular mechanism has not been fully revealed. Therefore, the purpose of this study to investigate the mechanism of ligustrazine resistance in human RCC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony-formation ability of RCC cells A498 were detected by MTT assay, clonal formation rates, and transwell chamber assay in vitro. The expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related proteins were analyzed using western blot test. The effect of ligustrazine on the growth of A498 cells in nude mice was investigated in vivo. Our results showed that ligustrazine could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A498 both in vivo and vitro. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of EMT-related, N-cadherin, snail, and slug proteins were significantly decreased in A498 in the ligustrazine treatment group. This study indicated that ligustrazine could significantly inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of RCC cell lines, possibly by inhibiting the EMT process.
Recent developments in encapsulation of α-lipoic acid for enhanced bioavailability and stability
Authors: Choudhary Pintu , Dutta Sayantani , Moses J.A. , Anandharamakrishnan C.
Published: January 2023

α-lipoic acid (LA) is a potent antioxidant available in various plant and animal sources. Of late, there is high market demand for LA-based nutraceuticals, owing to enhanced occurrences of oxidative stress-based diseases. However, the effectiveness of LA is challenged with its low solubility, less stability, and low bioavailability. In addition, the unpleasant taste of LA limits its applications in food systems. In this context, encapsulation techniques can modify the chemical and biological properties of LA and improve its solubility and stability in the aqueous medium, which in turn helps in the development of different innovative therapeutic products based on LA. Different encapsulation techniques such as inclusion complexes, spray drying, electrospraying, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), emulsification, and liposomes have been explored for the encapsulation of LA. This review focuses on the biological activities of LA in terms of antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the scope of encapsulation to enhance these properties, as evidenced through in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, this article will help researchers and industrialists to select the suitable encapsulation method based on their requirement for delivering LA to achieve its optimal therapeutic potential.
Development of control algorithms for magnetoelectric generator with axial magnetic flux and double stator based on mathematical modeling
Authors: Ostroverkhov Mykola , Chumack Vadim , Falchenko Maksym , Kovalenko Mykhailo
Published: January 2023

The object of this research is electromechanical processes in a generator with an axial magnetic flux and a double stator and an additional non-contact excitation winding operating as part of autonomous electric power systems. The power of the additional excitation system is about 2 % of the generator power.
The presence of an additional non-contact winding, which is powered by direct current, makes it possible to control the generator voltage by changing the excitation current. This resolves the task to stabilize the output voltage of the generator with permanent magnets when the load and shaft speed change.
This paper reports the construction of a three-dimensional field axisymmetric mathematical model of the generator under study, which has made it possible to calculate and investigate its characteristics and parameters, in particular the magnitude of magnetic induction in all structural elements. The model built takes into account the influence of finite effects, magnetic scattering fields, and the radial-axial nature of the closure of the main magnetic flux and the magnetic flux of the additional excitation winding. The use of a structure with a double stator makes it possible to more efficiently utilize the usable volume of the generator and to increase its power.
A mathematical model of the generator in the d-q coordinate system was built, which has made it possible to synthesize algorithms for controlling the automatic voltage stabilization system of the generator voltage under conditions of change in load and shaft speed. Control algorithms were developed  on the basis of the concept of inverse dynamics problems in combination with minimizing local functionalities of instantaneous energy values, which ensures that the system is robust when changing generator parameters and that regulators are implemented in a simple way, due to the lack of differentiation operations.
Based on the models built and algorithms developed, the quality of control of the generator's output voltage when the load and frequency of the generator change was investigated by modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. When setting a jump in the rated load and changing the rotational speed within ±15 % of the rated value, the automatic stabilization system provides astatic voltage control at a given level of 48 V.
The results can be practically used in the design of autonomous electric power systems with high energy conversion efficiency, in particular wind turbines and hydraulic units
The influence of various preheating and direction of magnetic field on combustion characteristics of palm oil droplets for boiler combustion in power generation system
Authors: Perdana Dony , Hatta Mochammad , Rosidin Mochammad Khoirul , Hanifudin Muhamad
Published: January 2023

Research has been carried out on the effect of various preheating and the direction of the magnetic field on the flame characteristics of droplet combustion. This study is important to substitute fuel from fossils with vegetable oil that is environment friendly. The variations of the magnetic field are south-south pole, north-north pole, south-north pole, north-south pole, and without. A drop of palm oil is placed on a type K thermocouple between two magnetic rods. The high-speed camera of 120 fps from the front recorded the flame from the start until it went out. The researcher found out the influence of various preheating in palm oil and the magnetic characteristics and behavior of the flame. The direction of the north-south magnetic field had a higher magnetic field strength, caused the droplet combustion to increases resulting in a wider flame but a lower and more stable height compared to other magnetic field directions. The speed of combustion affected by the magnetic field intensity which resulted the flow rate of O2, therefore the combustion speed happened quickly because between O2 and the fuel molecules easily react and were more flammable. The strength of the magnetic field increased oxygen concentration and fuel molecule around the reaction zone causing a short burning, resulting in a change delay time the shorter but the flame temperature increased. Stability, shape, temperature, height, delay time and combustion duration were highly valuable to design an efficient heat generator industry with the addition of magnet field. This study provides insight into the influence of magnetic field direction in magnetic field intensity on droplet combustion characteristics for boiler combustion in the power generation system
Construction of a mathematical model of vehicles tangent collision during reconstruction of the circumstances of a road accident
Authors: Saraiev Oleksii , Voropay Alexey , Koriak Oleksandr , Povaliaiev Serhii , Sharapata Andrey
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the task to clarify the circumstances of a traffic accident (TA) involving two vehicles as a result of their lateral tangential collision at low angles.
The aim of the study is to construct a mathematical model of a tangential collision of vehicles for the reconstruction of TA circumstances.
Owing to the combination of the law of conservation of momentum and the theory of impact using the coefficient of recovery, it was possible to construct a mathematical model that describes the development of such an accident and makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the movement of vehicles after and before the collision. An answer is given regarding the possibility of losing the directional stability of the vehicle and its movement in the lateral direction because of a collision.
Based on the mathematical model, the basic parameters of vehicles motion after their side collision at angles of 5–15° were analytically determined, when there are no slip marks on the road surface.
A numerical experiment was conducted on the example of a specific accident. The findings make it possible to argue about the possibility of losing the directional stability of vehicles and shifting them to the oncoming lane or curb as a result of collision.
A comparison of the results of the numerical calculation with the results of software modeling of accidents and the circumstances that were established in the process of studying a real accident was carried out. It was concluded that the results obtained are consistent and make it possible to more accurately assess the parameters of the movement of vehicles after their lateral tangential collision. In general, this produces more objective results of the reconstruction of TA mechanism in cases where there are no traces of slipping and braking on the road surface.
The proposed mathematical model could be used in collisions accompanied by minor deformations or damage to vehicles
Establishment of regularities of isothermal flow and mixture formation in microjet burners with three-row jet fuel supply
Authors: Fialko Nataliia , Meranova Nataliia , Sherenkovskii Julii , Aleshko Sergey , Abdulin Michael , Babak Vitalii , Korzhyk Volodymyr , Zhelykh Vasyl , Dinzhos Roman , Khaskin Vladyslav
Published: January 2023

The object of this research is the aerodynamics and mixture formation of fuel and oxidizer in stabilizer-type burners with a three-row system of fuel jets, focused on operation at coefficients of excess air 1.1...1.5. The study was conducted on the basis of CFD modeling using the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach.
The analysis of the basic regularities of the course of these processes in the proposed microjet burners was carried out. In this case, special attention was paid to the consideration of the characteristics of flow and mixture formation in the aft region of the flame stabilizer, where vortex structures are formed that are responsible for stabilizing the torch.
The regularities of influence on the flow and mixture formation in the proposed burner devices of such factors as the row number NR of the jet fuel supply, the relative pitch, S/d, of the location of gas supply holes and the coefficient of excess air, α, have been investigated. The presence of noticeable differences in the structure of flow and mixture formation in burners during fuel supply to different rows of gas supply holes has been established. It is shown that aerodynamics and the pattern of mixing fuel and oxidizer undergo significant changes when varying the value of S/d.
For the considered burner devices, rational design parameters of the fuel supply system have been determined, at which favorable conditions for mixture formation in the field of flame stabilization are ensured. In particular, it is shown that the rational S/d values are 5.4; 5.6; and 5.8, respectively, for the first, second, and third sections of the fuel supply.
The results can be widely used in energy practice for objects operated under conditions of variable values of the coefficient of excess air
Development of a resource-saving technology for the treatment of ferrum-containing wastewater from etching operations
Authors: Yatskov Mykola , Korchyk Natalia , Budenkova Nadia , Mysina Oksana
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is wastewater from chloride and sulfate etching operations.
This paper reports results of research on ways to reduce the consumption of chemical reagents in wastewater treatment systems from etching operations. Spent etching solutions are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosing to the main stream of wastewater. It was found that at a ferrum concentration of 30 g/l in etching solutions, the solution must be treated with an alkaline reagent (10–20 % NaOH) to pH=3.5–4.0 in order to return to the technological process. In this case, the final concentration of ferrum is 11 g/l. The use of hydrogen peroxide (20–40 % H2O2) together with the alkaline reagent makes it possible to increase the degree of extraction by 30 %, that is, the final concentration of ferrum is 8 g/l. When discharging 1 m3 of etching solutions, 0.5 m3 is subject to regeneration and, after mixing with 0.5 m3 of the commercial reagent (HCl) it returns to the technological process. Commercial acid consumption is reduced by 50 %. It was shown that the use of individual flows of waste solutions as a chemical reagent reduces the cost of reagents for their neutralization (saving alkaline reagent is 80 %). Thus, 1.2 kg/m3 of a commercially available reagent (NaOH) is consumed per 1 m3 of solutions (etching and degreasing) after mixing them, and, without mutual neutralization, this consumption is 6 kg/m3. To neutralize etching solutions, it is recommended to carry out the process in the range of pH=6.5–7.5. For a solution in which Fe3+ ions predominate with an initial concentration of 0.53 mol/L, a degree of extraction of 0.9 is achieved, and the total consumption of the reagent (7.1 mol/l) exceeds the stoichiometric one by only 10 %.
Deep purification from ferrum-containing impurities using a magnetic device expands the possibilities of practical implementation of further desalting with inverse osmosis.
Determining patterns in the formation of cordierite phase during the synthesis of density-sintered low-temperature ceramics based on glasses of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system
Authors: Zaichuk Oleksandr , Amelina Aleksandra , Kalishenko Yuliia , Hordieiev Yurii
Published: January 2023

The search for effective modifiers of the structure of densely baked cordierite ceramics to reduce the firing temperature is a relevant task but typically requires a large amount of experimental research. The object of this study is the reaction of the formation of the cordierite phase with the participation of glass components of the eutectic compositions of the MgO– Al2O3–SiO2 system under low-temperature firing conditions. In this case, thermodynamic analysis was used as a tool to assess the probability of chemical reactions. Thermodynamic analysis can significantly reduce the volume of the experimental sample.
This paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental studies into the features of the course of chemical reactions with the participation of glass components of eutectic compositions of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system. It was revealed that once the stoichiometric ratio is maintained, the resulting product of the interaction between the components of eutectic glasses of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system with charging components is cordierite. Changes in the mineralogical composition of cordierite compositions depending on the firing temperature have been determined. The formation of the cordierite phase is preceded by the process of transformation of meta kaolinite Al2O3·2SiO2, which is a product of kaolin dehydration, into mullite 3Al2O3·2SiO2. Subsequently, the formation of cordierite (in addition to crystallizing directly from eutectic glasses) occurs with the participation of the mullite phase. The formation of the cordierite phase occurs in several stages and is completed at a temperature of 1300 °C. The established features of the reactions of cordierite formation make it possible to determine the most optimal compositions for glasses  of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system to obtain low-temperature cordierite ceramics with a high degree of sintering. At the same time, it is also possible to control the phase composition of ceramics and its properties
Construction of models for managing military waste generated under the conditions of war
Authors: Marchenko Valentyna , Hrechko Alla , Korohodova Olena , Kuzminska Nataliia , Osetskyi Valerii , Shutyuk Vitaliy , Danilova Elvira
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is military waste management models as a system of actions and processes aimed at choosing how to handle it. The task to devise ways to reduce military waste under conditions of increasing volumes and rates of its accumulation is considered. The policy of military waste management in the countries of hostilities was investigated; it was concluded that there are no effective mechanisms and schemes for managing such waste. Trends in the increase in the amount of military waste have been identified and a forecast of their further growth under the conditions of modern wars has been formed. The current legislative support for the implementation of waste management policies formed in the process of physical and moral deterioration of military equipment and ammunition in military units was analyzed. It was determined that the main subject of management of such waste is the state represented by state authorities and management. Models to manage military waste formed in the process of hostilities have been proposed. These military waste management models are based on the criteria of economic, social, and environmental efficiency. Special features of the research results are that the proposed models provide for the transfer of rights to perform certain stages in the waste management chain by subjects of the non-state sector of the economy. Distinctive features of the reported results are that they present alternative models for managing military waste formed in the process of warfare. The choice of model is determined by the priorities of the defense and policy of post-war reconstruction of the country's economy. The area of practical use of the results is the system of public administration bodies, which forms proposals for changes to the legislation in terms of forms of cooperation between the state and non-state sectors in the field of military waste management
Numerical analysis on temperature distribution and mass fraction of an evacuated tube using phase-changing
Authors: Kareem Khudhair Ahmed
Published: January 2023

With the advancement of environmentally friendly power innovations and the utilization of phase changing materials in the upkeep of nuclear power, it was important to attempt to further develop the intensity move of stage evolving materials.
A 2D CFD recreation was performed to mimic the softening system of a phase Change material (PCM) which fills a round and hollow pit that incorporates warming sources. CFD model in light of the actual enthalpy equation was utilized to reenact the phase change of strong gallium and for the mathematical timing of the warming sources as per the working circumstances regarding the applied temperatures. Mathematical impact of warming sources, as well as limit conditions for heat move the attributes be analyzed exhaustively.
The Arrangement with balances upgrades heat move and further develops PCM liquefying time. The theory of heat spread in a fin is based on the fact that temperatures rise and fall with the length of the fin. Temperatures reach 316 K at a time of 300 seconds, which is 100 seconds less than when the fin is 7 mm shorter.
The best case for a fin length of 14 mm is the best case compared to the others.
Where has been utilized Fourfold warm blades encompass the intensity pipe in two lengths: 14 mm and 7 mm, with various thicknesses 1, 2, 3 mm and the estimation are mathematically assessed for a few explicit focuses situated inside the concentrated-on developments decide the impact of overhauling warming sources.
As a matter of fact, temperature development and fluid part work on highlights of the concentrated-on developments, which are round and hollow warming sources and finned warming hotspots for the applied temperature (Th=40 °C) the applied temperature
Improvement of fatty systems biotechnological interesterification with immobilized enzyme preparation usage
Authors: Belinska Anna , Bliznjuk Olga , Shcherbak Olena , Masalitina Nataliia , Myronenko Liliia , Varankina Oleksandra , Samoilenko Serhii , Borovkova Viktoriia , Kibenko Natalya , Timchenko Valentina
Published: January 2023

This work research object was fat systems interesterification biotechnology using the Lipozyme TL IM immobilized enzyme preparation. The problem of enzyme preparation activation by moistening with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with 7.4 ... 7.7 (3 % wt.) pH was solved in the work. The obtained results made it possible to minimize the interesterification process duration with high-quality product obtaining. The proposed enzyme preparation processing made it possible to reduce the duration of the biointeresterification process in a model fat mixture (palm stearin, coconut and soybean oils in a ratio of 1:1:1, respectively) to 3.5...3.7 hours. The product with high quality indicators, namely up to 0.26 mg KOH/g acid number, up to 0.60 mmol ½ O/kg peroxide number and 1.70 c.u. anisidine number, was obtained as a result. The obtained data can be explained by a fact that effective biocatalysis with lipolytic enzymes as the protein molecules requires the existence of two phases – lipid and water. This fact was provided by the activation parameters justified in the study. The obtained results feature was possibility of enzyme preparation activation, which is not provided under industrial conditions due to the threat of raw materials and finished products hydrolytic processes, which leads to the finished product quality deterioration. The research results made it possible to minimize hydrolytic processes in fat system during interesterification with simultaneous process efficiency increase. From a practical point of view, the discovered activation mechanism made it possible to adjust the enzyme preparation processing conditions in fat systems interesterification technology. The applied aspect of scientific result using was the possibility of improving the typical technological process of fat interesterification
Improvement of information support to promote the economic advantages of energy saving under the conditions of military conflicts
Authors: Chechel Oleh , Bashuk Alla , Bilan Nadiia , Mukovoz Viacheslav
Published: January 2023

Energy consumption is the most important strategy for improving economic efficiency and decarbonization. State energy saving measures aimed at promoting changes in sustainable habits and procedures can significantly save energy consumption. Information support for promoting the economic benefits of energy saving under the conditions of military conflicts needs more attention.
The leading methodological tools were the methods of observation, comparison, as well as historical method.
The research reported here showed that the aggression on the part of the Russian Federation required states to urgently improve the system of implementation of national information policies in order to increase the level of energy saving and energy efficiency. The EU's plans to reduce energy consumption "Play your role" and "Save energy" are aimed at informing the public about the need to contribute to energy saving processes. It is proved that currently in the EU, 80 % of member states ensure the effective implementation of new state campaigns for information support to promote the economic benefits of energy saving. Awareness-raising campaigns such as EPAH, I Have Influence, Green Ambassadors, EU4Energy's energy awareness campaign in collaboration with EU NEIGHBORS east are noteworthy. This activity and the set of energy labeling measures ENERGY STAR and EPREL can become the basis for the implementation of public education programs at educational institutions during the period of military instability in Ukraine. A promising vector of further scientific research will be the analysis of the practice of implementing information support to popularize the economic benefits of energy saving on the territory of Ukraine during the aggravation of the military conflict on the territory of the state
Improving the method for increasing the efficiency of decision-making based on bio-inspired algorithms
Authors: Koval Mykhailo , Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Artabaiev Yurii , Garashchuk Nataliia , Yivzhenko Yurii , Luscshay Yuriy , Dovhopoliuk Liudmyla , Haidenko Oles , Dorofeev Mykola
Published: January 2023

The problem that is solved in the research is to increase the efficiency of assessing the state of the monitoring object while ensuring the given reliability, regardless of the hierarchy of the monitoring object. The object of research is decision support systems. The subject of the research is the process of evaluating the monitoring object using bio-inspired algorithms. The hypothesis of the research is the need to increase the efficiency of the assessment of the state of the monitoring object with the given reliability. In the course of the research, an improved method of increasing the efficiency of decision-making based on bio-inspired algorithms was proposed. General provisions of artificial intelligence theory were used to solve the problem of analyzing the object state in intelligent decision support systems.
The essence of improvement is to use the following procedures:
− taking into account the type of uncertainty about the state of the monitoring object (full uncertainty, partial uncertainty and full awareness);
− taking into account the degree of noise in the data on the state of the monitoring object. Noise refers to the degree of information distortion created by the enemy’s means of electronic and cyber warfare;
− using the ant colony optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm to find the path metric while assessing the state of the monitoring object;
− deep learning of synthesized ants using evolving artificial neural networks.
An example of using the proposed method in assessing the state of the operational situation of a group of troops (forces) is presented. The specified example showed a 15−22 % increase in the efficiency of data processing using additional improved procedures
Determining changes in the mineral composition of concrete due to chemical corrosion in a sulfate environment
Authors: Shkromada Oksana , Ivchenko Viktoriia , Chivanov Vadym , Shvets Olha , Moskalenko Volodymir , Kochenko Alexander , Babenko Olena , Kharchenko Yuliya , Pikhtirova Alina , Yurchenko Oksana
Published: January 2023

The object of this study was the concrete structures of a chemical enterprise for the production of titanium dioxide. In this case, the ore is decomposed with sulfate acid according to the sulfate production technology. In an aggressive environment, chemical corrosion of concrete occurs, prolonged over time.
Using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods, the mineral composition of two prototypes of concrete was determined. It was found that the sample obtained from the workshop for processing ore with sulfate acid showed an increased content of sulfur oxide (SO2) on the surface, by 33 %, with a reduced content of carbonates (CaCO3) on the surface, by 52.9 %, at a depth of 2 cm – by 53.65, compared to another (control) sample. At the same time, iron oxide (Fe2O3) was found on the surface in a sample of concrete from the ore storage room (control), the content of which decreased by 10.4 % at a depth of 2 cm, and by 12.4 % at a depth of 4 cm.
The results of electron microscopy show sulfur crystals on the surface of a concrete sample. It was also found that the microstructure of concrete was changed under the influence of sulfate corrosion, depending on the intensity of the exposure to a depth of 2 to 4 cm. By the method of thermoprogrammed mass spectrometry, it was established that when a sample of concrete exposed to sulfate acid is heated to a temperature of 400 °C, sulfur dioxide SO2 is released mainly from the surface. From the surface of the control sample, which contains a significant amount of CaCO3, which is easily destroyed by sulfate acid, there is probably a smaller amount of the product of thermal destruction of calcium carbonate carbon dioxide (CO2).
The results of the experiment can be used to study the mechanism of development of sulfate corrosion of concrete prolonged over time.
Chemical composition, thermal stability of pomegranate peel and seed powders and their application in food production
Authors: Gurbanov Nusrat , Gadimova Natavan , Osmanova Sevinj , Ismailov Etibar , Akhundova Nazilya
Published: January 2023

Pomegranate seed and peel powders are suitable for the production of pectin, oil, proteins and as biologically active additives for food enrichment.
Knowledge of the chemical composition and thermal changes of powders allows to control the technological regimes, yield and quality of the final product. As a result of the studies, the chemical composition and thermal properties of a finely dispersed pomegranate peel and seed powder subjected to heat treatment by X-ray diffractometry, IR-, EPR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DSC) have been carried out.
X-ray diffractometry showed that the crystal structures present in the original samples, when heated in air at 110 °C for 30 min. are destroyed and in all cases the samples pass into the amorphous state, a noticeable difference is found in the position and intensity of the observed bands in the spectra in the initial and heat-treated samples.
IR spectroscopy data show that drying the samples at 105 °C in air for 30 min leads to a significant change in the chemical composition of the powders. EPR spectroscopy showed the presence of paramagnetism in the samples and identified organic radicals and paramagnetic centers from Fe3+ ions. The features of the change in the chemical composition during drying of samples, which are characteristic of drying processes, namely, are the result by dehydration, dehydroxylation and denaturation of protein compounds that make up this process, have been established.
Temperature intervals (54.2–147.9 and 71.7–95.4 °C, 147.9–343.7 and 343.7–466 °C) associated with changes in the composition of organic compounds, contained in the powders were determined.
The development of a management decision-making method based on the analysis of information from space observation systems
Authors: Khudov Hennadii , Makoveichuk Oleksandr , Butko Ihor , Butko Mykola , Khudolei Veronika , Kukhtyk Stanislav
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is the process of making a management decision based on the analysis of information from space surveillance systems.
Unlike the well-known ones, the method of making a management decision based on the analysis of information from space surveillance systems involves:
– segmentation of an optoelectronic image;
– determination and prediction of a priori probabilities of possible environmental states;
– an application for making a management decision of a combination of Bayes criteria and a minimum of variance.
Experimental studies have been carried out on making a management decision based on the analysis of information from space surveillance systems. To conduct experimental research on making a management decision based on the analysis of information from space surveillance systems, a model problem has been stated. As images from space surveillance systems, images obtained from the WorldView-2 spacecraft (USA) with a difference of four days were considered. The vegetation index was calculated, and the probabilities of degradation dynamics of plant segments were determined. It was established that the maximum value of the estimated functional is achieved when choosing a solution φ1, which is optimal according to the Bayesian criterion and the criterion of minimum variance.
The quality of management decision-making was assessed by the well-known and developed methods. To assess the quality of management decision-making, the concepts of objectivity of the decision-making method and the selectivity of the decision-making method by known and developed method were introduced. It has been established that both methods are objective, and the improved method is more selective (the gain is 2.6 times). This becomes possible through the use of information from space surveillance systems.
Devising an approach to analyze the parameters for determining potential premodified firmware of USB devices
Authors: Zuyeva Yekaterina , Pyrkova Anna , Saparbayev Abdizhapar , Makulova Aiymzhan , Ordabayeva Gulzinat
Published: January 2023

This paper reports the results of experiments and studies involving different types of devices that can implement a BadUSB scenario, for example, BadUSB, Rubber Ducky, which, when connected to a computer, impersonate a device with a Human Interface Device, emulating other devices such as a keyboard and mouse.
Given the problem of the lack of management tools for detecting preliminary modifications of USB devices against attacks based on the seizure of computer control, a software and hardware system is proposed as an object of study. It is implemented programmatically in the Arduino IDE environment, and physically it is made on the Arduino Mega board with Shield, which reads the parameters of the devices. It monitors the startup of USB devices and checks each device for pre-retrofitting by passing HID descriptors from the connected hardware. Having parsed the data using Python, the data are represented in the appropriate form for analysis, on the basis of which a decision is made by the system on the possible preliminary modification of the USB drive from which these data came. This is due to the detailed consideration and thorough analysis of data, data types, temporal characteristics of data transmitted along different channels. The technical characteristics and functionality of USB devices were investigated; the parameters transmitted at the moment when they are supplied with power were determined. The system can draw a conclusion based on the analysis according to its algorithm and block a suspicious USB device that has been connected and that can intercept control over the computer.
The results of the study could be used in the field of protection of information systems from attacks based on the seizure of control from external media. The designed solution increases the level of security of the system, making it possible to recognize a possibly pre-modified device at the connection stage
Physical and mechanical properties of ceramic brick using rice husk and ash of thermal power plants
Authors: Uderbayev Saken , Dilmanova Aizhan , Saktaganova Nargul , Budikova Aigul , Bessimbayev Yerik
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of the influence on shrinkage deformations of the adopted composition during the drying and firing of ceramic bricks made using rice husk and ash of the combined heat and power plant of the city of Kyzylorda of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The optimal values of the husk additives content and ash from thermal power plants in the studied compositions were determined. Ash dumps from thermal power plants (TPP) create environmental tension and pose a great threat to both the environment and human health. It was found that the hydro-removal ash from the thermal power plant mainly consists of oxides of silica (45.45…46.37 %) and alumina (16.62…17.70 %), there are oxides of calcium (1.66…2.20 %), magnesium (0.86…1.12 %), iron (2.98…3.41 %) and alkali metals (0.80…1.04 %).
The composition of ceramic bricks based on loess-like loam, rice husks, and ash from thermal power plants was studied. The charge composition of the raw components of the “clay, TPP ash, and rice husk” brick: clay is 71…75 %, TPP ash is 18…22 %, and rice husk is 2…6 % of the total mass of the components of the raw mixture of ceramic bricks. The compressive strength of fired ceramic bricks was 11…12 MPa.
According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that the increased concentration of rice husks in natural mixtures is characterized by a stable increase in ceramic mass drying cracks. The increase in time until the appearance of drying cracks is 100 up to 160 sec.
The resulting ceramic brick in accordance with the developed composition has a low weight, good thermal properties and meets the standard requirements for ceramic bricks according to GOST 530-2012
Enhancing mechanical characteristics by adding nanoparticles and employing lasers in heat treatment
Authors: Asaad Lamyaa Mahdi , Alshalal Iqbal , Al Zubaidi Faten N. , Asmail Muna Khalil
Published: January 2023

With the development of laser technology in various fields of engineering and manufacturing in terms of many uses in these areas and in the field of improving the mechanical properties of different metals for their ability to withstand different thermal and mechanical stresses and stresses. Wherein this research paper the addition of nanomaterials and laser heat shedding on them and knowing their ability to improve. The design process of the simple model that complies with the requirements of the simulation process was in the solid works program. The investigated dimensions were (100×100×10) mm3 in height, split up in the form of two portions. The partition itself is the path of the laser used. It is necessary to check the reliability of the mesh to form an appropriate mesh that can give accurate results. The nanoparticles where Al2O3 and TIC were used in different proportions with the base material. Which is steel, where these ratios were (0.3, 0.6, 1) wt %, where the results proved the process of adding nanomaterials has positive effects in terms of the materials' tolerance to heat, mechanical stress, and the surrounding conditions. Seen through the results with the increase in the concentration values of adding nanoparticles, get a significant effect on the results and the values of thermal and mechanical properties. The TIG (Tungsten inert gas) nanomaterial led to an increase in temperatures in the solid by 1 wt % compared to the rest of the concentrations and nanomaterials. The addition of nanomaterials in heat treatments has a positive effect on the amount of deformation, as the lowest value of deformation was obtained in nanomaterials at tic1 wt % compared to the rest of the concentrations. As for the stresses, the largest stress obtained is 10.502 Gpa
Determining static characteristics of corrugated shell elements made from composite materials
Authors: Polyakova Irina , Imambayeva Raikhan , Aubakirova Bakyt , Shogelova Nazym , Glyzno Yevgeniya , Zhumagulova Aigerim
Published: January 2023

This paper considers elastic shell elements. They move under pressure. The type of dependence of displacement on pressure is called the elastic characteristic of the element. The object of this study is shell elements with a complex surface shape, consisting of composite materials of the "metal-metal" type. The composite is a metal shell with reinforcing fiber made of another metal material. The form of reinforcement is different. The task to be solved is to determine the elastic characteristics of the shell elements depending on the geometric parameters, as well as the mechanical values of the shell at its various points and in different directions. To this end, algorithms were built for calculating mechanical quantities depending on the percentage of the fiber and the shell matrix. It was required to derive a system of equations for determining the displacements and internal forces in the element depending on the geometric and mechanical parameters. A numerical calculation of shell elastic elements was performed and a comparison of the results of analytical calculation according to the algorithm developed in this work and experimental data was performed. The match between these results is 99.8–100 %. The characteristics of the shell elements were determined depending on the type of reinforcing fiber and matrix, on the geometric parameters, and the type of reinforcement of the shell. These studies make it possible to design shell elements with specified characteristics and predefined sensitivity.
Improvement of iris recognition technology for biometric identification of a person
Authors: Kintonova Aliya , Povkhan Igor , Mussaif Marzhan , Gabdreshov Galymzhan
Published: January 2023

This topic is very relevant in the field of artificial intelligence as a direction of pattern recognition. In this work, the iris of the eye is considered as an image.
Artificial intelligence makes this technology more accessible for use in CCTV cameras, smartphones and various areas of human activity.
The article reflects the results of a study of methods and technologies of pattern recognition on the example of the human iris.
The aim of the work was to study methods and technologies for human iris recognition and iris recognition of employees of a particular organization using EyeLock equipment by comparing segmentation results with Daugman standard segmentation.
Comparison analysis of segmentation results with standard segmentation can be done by directly measuring the number of correctly segmented irises in both methods, or by indirectly measuring the effect of segmentation on iris recognition performance. The method using the Daugman integral-differential operator has the greatest efficiency. The performance of the neural network has been improved. To use a neural network to classify iris profiles, we selected sets of images (images per person) as training images, and the rest of the images were used as test images. Training time (in seconds): for the Daugman method 170.7, and for the parabolic method 204.7.
The Daugman integro-differential operator is applied to the captured image to obtain the "maximum integral derivative of the contour" with ever-increasing radius on "successively decreasing scales" in three parameters: center coordinates and radius. Finding the maximum when the search coordinates deviate along an unwinding spiral.
Methods and techniques for pattern recognition have been investigated using the human iris
Development of an efficient voltage regulation mechanism for switched capacitor converter with exponential gain
Authors: Abdul Kadir Mohamed N. , Ameen Yasir M. Y. , Al-Badrani Harith
Published: January 2023

The compact switched-capacitor converter with exponential gain and modular design has been adopted in this paper. Two approaches have been applied to improve the efficiency by providing multiple no-load voltages. The first modifies the switching strategy to bypass the gain of one or more stages. The second introduces modified design that provide additional no-load voltages through alternative current paths. The voltage regulation is implemented by two control loops: The outer loop is designed to produce the minimum feasible no-load voltage and the inner loop adjusts the duty ratio of the switching signals to regulate the voltage to meet the desired reference. Switched capacitor converters have been used as voltage multipliers with constant voltage gain. The efficiency of a switched capacitor converter depends on the ratio between regulated to unregulated output voltage. Therefore, output voltage adjustment of these converters causes a significant efficiency reduction. By providing multiple no-load voltages within the output voltage range the efficiency of the switched capacitor converter can be improved. The proposed design has been applied to a three-stage converter to provide six no-load voltages. Simulation results demonstrate that the average efficiency over the entire output voltage range is more than 90 % of its maximum efficiency of the unregulated switched capacitor converter which reflects the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. This paper offers an efficient method to regulate the voltage of a modular switched capacitor converter with exponential gain. The advantages of the proposed design are small number of added components, does not require additional sources and suitable for higher power range
Devising a technique for manufacturing canned beans with soaking under the conditions of electric contact heating
Authors: Shevchenko Andrey , Mayak Olga , Mykhailov Bogdan , Prasol Svitlana , Mykhailova Olena
Published: January 2023

Beans are a rich source of nutrients, including proteins, starch, some unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytosterols. The negative characteristics of beans include the presence in the bran shell of beans of specific substances – antinutrients that can be neutralized during soaking.
The aim of this work was to develop a way to produce canned beans with pre-soaking. A laboratory unit was designed with cold soaking (at a temperature of the surrounding medium of 20 °C), by the hot method (at a temperature of 50 °C) with heating from a spiral, and with electrocontact heating. Experimental studies determined the dynamics of mass change when soaking beans samples of "Rant" variety by various methods. Under the conditions of electrocontact heating, the highest value of the final mass was revealed, 150 % larger than the initial, and the shortest duration of the process (compared to the cold method – 2.25 times less). It is proved that the cold method is the least energy-consuming. Due to its shortcomings in the relatively significant duration and risk of obtaining products of unsatisfactory quality, the use of the cold method is impractical. To implement the hot method, an effective method from the point of view of energy saving is the soaking method under conditions of electrocontact heating, in which the power was 19 % less.
Within the framework of the task set, the organoleptic indicators of finished products "Beans in tomato sauce of the highest grade" were investigated in accordance with DSTU 6074:2009. According to technological advancements, the products compiled with the standard indicators and received the highest ratings, which indicates their high quality.