bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculating some Powers and Traction Force for Two Plows in Primary Tillage
Authors: Hamid Ahmed Abd Ali
Published: December 2023

Traction force and power requirement when performing primary tillage occupy the minds of almost farmers, this field research had aim to determine and calculate the pulling force of the most commonly used moldboard and chisel plows, the research conducted in silt clay loam for chisel and moldboard plows as the main factor, two depths of tillage 18 and 25 cm as a second factor and three speeds of tractor 2.55, 4.30 and 6.15 km.h-1 as a third factor. Moldboard plow recorded least traction force 7.550 kN, drawbar power 11.583 hp, power losses due to slippage 1.088 hp, power on the rear axle of the tractor 15.770 hp and brake horse power 17.495 hp. Chisel plow recorded best traction efficiency 76.217 % and total traction efficiency 68.659 %. Depth of tillage 18 cm recorded least traction force 7.837 kN, drawbar power 12.190 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.986 hp. Speed tractor 2.55 km.h-1 recorded least traction force 8.246 kN, drawbar power 7.329 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.618 hp, resistance power losses due to motion 1.775 hp and power on the rear axle of tractor 9.723 hp. Correlation among performance indicators were positive and negative correlation significantly, also were insignificant correlation.
Studying of the Amount of Energy Required to Operate the Nursery Tray Planting Machine
Authors: Mageed Faiz F. , Jasim Abdul Razzak A.
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted at the University of Baghdad-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Department of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment for the agricultural season 2023 with the aim of designing, manufacturing and testing a machine used to planting agricultural nursery tray with different types of vegetable or horticultural seeds or forest seeds of various forms, and using different agricultural media where they are conducted The planting process is by pulling the seeds with a negative pressure vacuum system, and then they are feding to the dishes in their right place to complete the planting process. The study included three factors: The speed of the main belt in three levels: 0.43, 0.66 and 0.90 m.sec−1 and three types of agricultural media: Petmus, mix of Petmos and silt 1:1 and silt, and three types of seeds that were planted. A factorial experiment was carried out using a design (CRD) with three replications using the least significant difference and a probability level (LSD = 0.05) to compare the mean of the coefficients. Some performance indicators of the machine were studied, including: Consumed electrical power, electric power, the productivity of the machine, and the efficiency of the machine in picking seeds. The results indicated The peat moss medium excelled in recording the least consumed electric power, which amounted to 2075.8 watts, and the lowest electric power, which amounted to 0.007751 kWh. And the third speed of the conveyor belt excelled in achieving the highest productivity of dishes per hour, amounting to 105.08 dishes.hour−1, and the first speed achieved the least consumed power, amounting to 2047.3 watts, and the least consumed electrical energy at the third speed, which amounted to 0.007703 kWh.
Scenario for mitigating climate change in indonesia: circular economy-based waste management (9r)
Authors: Muljaningsih S , Andayani W , Ekawaty M , Nur Asrofi D A
Published: December 2023

Waste is identified as one of the contributing factors to climate change in Indonesia. The prevalence of open dumping sites (TPA) that release greenhouse gases, namely CH4 and N2O, there is a pressing need for better waste management. Moreover, a considerable amount of waste remains inadequately managed. Thus, as an initial step towards climate change mitigation, a scenario is developed to implement waste management based on the circular economy concept. Circular economy goes beyond mere waste management. It emphasizes reducing resource and material consumption in the production chain, encapsulated in the 9R framework. The 9R framework comprises ten circular economy principles, numbered from 0 to 9, divided into three major categories: (1) designing and using products more intelligently, (2) extending product lifespans, and (3) extracting value from materials. The numbering of the ten principles within the 9R framework depicts the level of circularity in supporting the circular economy. Consequently, through a literature review methodology, this research aims to create a scenario as a strategic plan for climate change mitigation. This endeavor aligns with the objectives of sustainable development (SDGs).
Analysis of Vegetation Carbon Stock Using Remote Sensing In Penggaron Forest, Central Java Province
Authors: Bashit Nurhadi , Fadillah Ma’ruf Arief , Qoyimah Shofiyatul
Published: December 2023

Global warming is a climate problem due to the greenhouse effect so it must be anticipated from external factors in the form of carbon stocks from forest vegetation. Forest areas have an important role in maintaining carbon reserves so that they become a pillar of controlling carbon emissions, one of which is the Penggaron Forest in Ungaran City. The Penggaron Forest needs to be studied regarding estimates of carbon stock abundance so that the research carries out estimates using remote sensing data. The method in this research uses light use efficiency (LUE). The concept of this method estimates vegetation biomass based on 3 parameters such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value to model the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPAR), maximum efficiency of using sunlight, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). This research resulted in an estimate of the total carbon stock content in the Penggaron Forest of 3,049,515.14 KgC with a forest area of 9,183 km2. 46,921 cm. Accuracy testing was carried out for carbon stock modeling which obtained an RMSE value of 97.289 KgC. The carbon stock modeling estimation was carried out by the Pearson correlation test which obtained a correlation result of 0.0974.
The Use of Polymeric Materials of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) as the media of Anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors in treating wastewater from the tofu industry
Authors: Mangarengi N A P , Abdullah N O , Alam S
Published: December 2023

Small-scale businesses often dominate the tofu sector in Makassar City, preventing any prior wastewater management. While tofu is typically produced on a household scale, the wastewater treatment process is limited due to the need for suitable technology and high prices. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this research to obtain tofu wastewater results that meet environmental discharge standards and develop a straightforward and affordable waste treatment concept. A laboratory scale with an experimental method is used in this study, where the test parameters used were BOD, COD, and TSS using two types of biofilter media, namely mineral water bottle media made of PET plastic and plastic straw media made of PP plastic with variations in observation time of 24 hours for six days. The results presented that the efficiency of the average removal in plastic-media reactors with mineral water bottles reduced BOD by 88.30%, COD by 88.97%, and TSS by 79.13%. The straw-based plastic reactor reduced BOD by 86.74%, COD by 85.41%, and TSS by 67.03%. The effectiveness value obtained shows that biofilter media made from plastic mineral bottles (PET) produces better effectiveness in removing BOD, COD, and TSS than biofilter media made from plastic straws (PP).
Suitability of Water from Tropical Epikarst Spring for Irrigation in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi A , Riyanto I A , Adji T N
Published: December 2023

Epikarst springs which are dominated by diffuse flows with undeveloped conduits commonly have hydrogeochemical characteristics that are strongly influenced by water-rock interactions. Gedong Spring is an epikarst spring in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia, which functions as the main source of irrigation water for the surrounding paddy fields. This research was conducted due to the importance to analyze further investigations to determine whether the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Gedong Epikarst Springs were suitable for agricultural purposes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of water from the epikarst spring temporally which is used for agricultural irrigation, especially rice fields. The study was carried out for one year with sampling intervals of every two weeks. Analysis of water suitability for irrigation purposes was performed using Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), USSL Diagram, Wilcox Diagram, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and Hardness (CaCO3). Based on the results obtained from nine different methods, it can be concluded that the water from the Gedong Spring has good potential for year-round agricultural irrigation.
A review of smart agricultural transition to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): smart irrigation system
Authors: Priyambada I B , Hardyanti N , Budihardjo M A , Puspita A S , Cahyati A P
Published: December 2023

Smart agriculture is important in achieving the SDGs, especially food and water. The transition to using smart irrigation systems is highly recommended, considering that this transition can optimize agricultural production. A smart irrigation system is a unified irrigation process integrated with automated technology and IoT (Internet of Things) that drives a new direction of smart agricultural technology development. This study highlights the smart irrigation system as the smart agricultural transition concerning SDGs. The main method was a qualitative review based on a literature study with the criteria for exclusion consisting of indexed journals, review papers or research articles, and publications published within the last decade. The review shows the irrigation control and monitoring used in recent years. Other than that, as a brief report on the current status of IoT-related smart irrigation development, several types of effective smart irrigation that have been done before are compared. Discussed the perspective of SDGs, the goal indicators achieved through smart irrigation showed good results; 11 indicators were achieved. Thus, the challenges and prospects of IoT-related development for smart irrigation are discussed. This study will help researchers and farmers understand clever irrigation more effectively and precisely.
Identification and Analysis of Biodiversity in the Mount Tidar Botanical Gardens
Authors: Setyono P , Kusumaningrum L , Sunarhadi M A , Sholiqin M , Nurcahyati M , Berlin GE , Maulidyna A , Jabar S A , Waskito D N , Daniswara A P
Published: December 2023

Existing biodiversity has potential if it can be managed optimally and sustainably. Since January 2020, Mount Tidar has officially changed its status from an urban forest to a botanical garden. This change in status has an impact on nature conservation. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the level of diversity in the Mount Tidar Botanical Garden (MTBG). The methods used in this study are quadratic sampling, plotting, and survey techniques. Data analysis using reference calculation of Shanon Weiner index, evenness index, Simpson dominance, and Margalef species richness index. The results showed the discovery of 121 species with a total vegetation of 5,912 individuals. Then Shanon Weiner’s diversity calculation got a medium value (H’ 2.306), evenness index at the medium level (E 0.481), Simpson dominance index with a high value (IDS 0.917), and Margalef species richness with a high value around (R 13.82). So that the value of the diversity calculation is the basis that the identification and diversity of vegetation in MTBG is at a stage of rapid development at medium to high levels. This data can be a reference for managers to make it easier to assess the Sustainable Planning and management system of MTBG conservation areas.
Geosites Potential Assessment in Guci and its Surroundings Area as Inventory and Support the Geotourism Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Ali R K , Widiarso D A , Martadiastuti V , Rajagukguk A J , Mukaarim S A
Published: December 2023

The Guci tourism area is a place that has been locally well known for its natural beauty which has a high aesthetic value. However, there is still no geosite identified in the area, thus it is necessary to map the existing geosites to plan and further develop geotourism. The objective of geosite inventory research in the Guci tourism area aims to identify, assess feasibility and create geotourism map of the area. This study is done by doing mapping method directly in the field. Based on mapping result, there are 10 potential geosite locations in the Guci including Curug Putri, Curug Pengantin, Curug Monyet Cawitali, Curug Cantel, Curug Jejeg, Baper Hill, Curug Kaliawu, Curug Jedor, Pancuran 13, and Bintang Hill. According to the analysis using the Kubalikova method (2013), there are 2 locations that have value of less than 50% feasibility, namely Curug Jejeg and Curug Kaliawu. The Guci Geotourism area is planned to be divided into 2 geotrek, with an estimated of 1 day of travel for each track.
Mesoplastic contamination in the Deli River Medan: A Pre-Assessment
Authors: Hasibuan N H , Syafira D , Husin A , Suryati I , Nurfahasdi M , Patumona S
Published: December 2023

Mesoplastics are plastics with a diameter between 0.5 and 2.5 cm. The purpose of this study was to characterize the properties and quantity of floating mesoplastics in the water column and at the surface. Sampling was conducted using a net with a 0.5 cm square mesh dimension at five separate places selected based on the Indonesia Standard for an hour at each location. Mesoplastics were present on average at a rate of 1.586 g/h, with an abundance of 6.05 x 10−8 kg/m3. Polyethylene, which is translucent, white, or black in color, is the most common mesoplastic polymer. The structure has cracks, white regions, and an uneven surface, which illustrates that plastic breaks down into smaller particles in river water.
Preliminary study on biomass burning emission characteristics from brick industry area (Case Study: Mranggen, Demak)
Authors: Priyambada I. B. , Meilasari F. , Huboyo H. S. , Setyaningsih A. D.
Published: December 2023

The brick industry in Indonesia has been going on for a long time. This industrial practice is generally done traditionally by using biomass in the burning process. These burning activities have the potential to produce emissions. This research was conducted in the brick industry area of Mranggen District, Demak Regency. This study identifies emission sources, raw materials, burning processes, meteorological conditions, emission characteristics, and emission distribution. The results of industrial field studies show that the raw materials used are wood and rice husks for burning. Brick burning takes 2 days and one night with a flame of 750-820°C, oven heat of 320-660°C, and wind speed of 10-20 km/hour. The meteorological conditions of the location during the burning process are air temperature 31-37°C and air humidity 56-70%. Emissions from biomass burning in the brick industry are observed to not much different from biomass burning emissions in general with special content of Si, Ba, and Cl. Preliminary simulation results show that the emission can be dispersed as far as 300 m from the source area with a concentration at a range of 250 μg/m3.
Utilization of magnetic GAC adsorbent for the removal of TSS and turbidity parameters in tofu wastewater
Authors: Hardyanti N , Zaman B , Purwono  , Saputra A T , Aprianto R , Zulhizah H
Published: December 2023

The tofu industry in Indonesia is one of the most popular industries among Indonesians. Unfortunately, almost all tofu industries in Indonesia do not treat their wastewater correctly. Tofu liquid waste contains many pollutants as organic molecules and solids in suspension. This study aims to treat tofu liquid waste using magnetic GAC thus it is safe when when discharged into bodies of water. The adsorption process in tofu wastewater research is carried out using adsorbents. The adsorbent used is Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). The adsorbent activation process applies the wet activation method, and magnetic GAC is modified green coprecipitation method synthesis. Based on the completed research, it was found that the best allowance for turbidity test was the 15 minutes adsorption time treatment given a magnetic GAC concentration of 10 g/L with the removal efficiency of 73.92% and the best TSS concentration was adsorbtion with a magnetic GAC concentration of 7.5 g/L within 30 minutes adsorption time with a removal efficiency of 56.76%.
Short-term fragmentation of single-use plastic carrier bags in natural environment
Authors: Andarani P , Zumaroh S M , Rosana E , Pusparizkita Y M , Obaid S , Nugraha W D
Published: December 2023

About 50% of single-use plastic carrier bags are discarded after one use. There has been a gradual increase in awareness of the accumulation of end-of-life plastics and their impact on the environment, which has led to interest in the development of degradable polymers. Cassava bioplastics (polylactic acid), oxo-biodegradable, and compostable plastics are often considered a potential solution to the accumulation of plastic waste, but it was unknown whether they can be biodegraded in the natural environment. Thus, this study aims to determine the fragmentation of single-use plastic bags under various natural conditions, which are declared to have biodegradable, oxo-biodegradable, or compostable properties. Four types of degradable plastic and conventional single-use plastic carrier bags were stored in natural conditions (open-air, river water, and soil). After one month, we conducted an analysis of plastic bags, specifically examining factors such as their visual attributes, load-bearing capacity, polymer identification, and microplastic generation. Surprisingly, the compostable plastic, which was expected to demonstrate enhanced degradation when buried in soil, remained stable, as indicated by its polymer composition. This finding suggests that there is a need to improve the criteria for biodegradable plastic carrier bags to ensure that they undergo biological degradation.
Community participation in waste management in abrasion areas
Authors: Anas A K , Maryono  , Purnaweni H
Published: December 2023

The role of community participation is needed for waste management so that there is no spike in waste accumulation in abrasion areas, especially puddles, the conceptual framework of community participation in abrasion areas and communities that are not affected by abrasion disasters. The purpose of community researchers in abrasion areas is to reduce waste collection so that the environment in the area is maintained by water diota sustainability. The method used provides community understanding to manage waste using an approach referring to existing regulations in Indonesia. As a result of this research, surveys in the area show that people do not manage their waste and often throw garbage in the water and on the roadside. The concept of community participation, duty, and responsibility leads to the reduction of recycling generation with the 3R system and reuse so the responsibility of the community who dispose of waste culture to reduce the burden of handling waste in the final waste processing.
Assessing environmental impact in brass component companies through life cycle assessment: a case study of brass crafts smes
Authors: Sari D P , Hartini S , Rosyada Z F , Yulianto E
Published: December 2023

Sampurna Kuningan is a small and medium enterprises (SMEs) specializing in creating various brass metal handicraft products. They need to improve their efficiency in producing brass door handles within their manufacturing process. The issues mainly revolve around two tasks - dipping and refining processes. At the finishing stage, the chemical solution left from brass cleaning is improperly treated and disposed of in the sewer, wasting resources. This study’s primary objective is to evaluate the eco-efficiency index (EEI) value and propose improvement strategies to reduce the environmental impact caused by their production activities. The eco-efficiency measurement involves comparing the financial performance represented by the net value and the environmental performance measured as eco-cost. The eco-cost is calculated using a life cycle assessment through the Sima-Pro software. The results of the calculations indicate an EEI value of 2.22. The production process is both economically affordable and sustainable. However, there is a relatively high environmental impact during the finishing process. Improvement scenarios for this process include implementing water treatment or substituting finishing chemicals. Using citric acid for a brass door handle yields a significant average reduction in eco-cost, reaching approximately 50%.
Assessment of microplastic abundance in Central Java coastal waters: a study of Sendang Sikucing, Karangjahe, and Caruban Beaches
Authors: Nainggolan D H , Andarani P , Sugianto D N
Published: December 2023

Marine pollution caused by plastic waste is a problem that occurs in many places. Plastic waste is a type of waste that is difficult to decompose, requiring a very long time to decompose. Plastic degrades into smaller particles known as microplastics, which can accumulate in seawater. Microplastics can transfer to humans and are carcinogenic. This study is a preliminary investigation of microplastic pollution in beach waters surrounded by industrial activities, tourism and fishing activities. From the analysis of microplastics from the three locations above, it can be seen that the abundance of microplastics in the area is dangerous or still at the normal threshold. Determination of the research location using purposive sampling method. Identification of microplastic particles in water samples using wet filtration to obtain microplastic samples < 5 mm using a 5 mm and 0.3 mm stainless steel mesh filter that is stacked. The abundance of microplastics in the waters of Sendang Sikucing Beach was 0.01863 particles/m³, Karang Jahe Beach was 0.26315 particles/m³, and Caruban Beach was 0.05022 particles/m³. The types of microplastics found in both waters are the same, namely fragments, fibers and films.
Analysis of Village Government Institutional Capacity in Strengthening Environmental Resilience
Authors: Darmi T , Rosyadi S , Insap Santosa P , Agussalim  , Miftakhul Mujtahid I
Published: December 2023

Environmental resilience for sustainable village development is important, however, in general, strengthening environmental resilience has not become a priority for village government. This study aims to analyze how the institutional capacity of the village government can strengthen environmental resilience in Jayakarta village, Bengkulu Tengah. A mixed research approach is utilized, with data gathering conducted via the distribution of quizzes using Google Forms, observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The number of people who filled out the questionnaire was 10 people. The technique of determining the respondents was by means of purposive sampling, that is, those who know about the work procedures of village institutions. The results showed that the institutional capatity of the Jayakarta Village Government, Central Bengkulu was quite good in strengthening environmental resilience through six elements namely, waste management, water quality, climate adaptation, food security, biodiversity, and community involvement.
Application of biodrying with hot air aeration system to process solid waste into rdf
Authors: Zaman B , Hardyanti N , Purwono P , Suryantara A R , Putri N S , Failusuf T A M
Published: December 2023

Biodrying is a promising method to process municipal solid waste (MSW) while generating refuse-derived fuel (RDF) output. Recent developments in the process of generating refuse-derived fuel (RDF) have led to a renewed interest in minimal pretreatment processes. Although extensive research has been carried out, one of the most significant current discussions about generating refuse-derived fuel (RDF) using biodrying methods is that it has taken a long time to process. The biodrying method using air from the atmosphere takes 21 days to convert solid waste into RDF. As a result of this, Biodrying processes need to be accelerated by flowing hot air into the biodrying reactor. The aim of this study is to analyze the biodrying process temperature profile with a hot air aeration system. The methodological approach taken in this study is to circulate the hot air that comes from the combustion of wood charcoal. Hot air is discharged into solid waste that is inserted into the biodrying reactor. The temperature and concentration of solid wastewater are analyzed every 15 minutes. The results of this study show that the initial MSW temperature of the front reactor was 40o C and that of the rear reactor was 31o C.In the first 15 minutes until 60 minutes, the temperature shows an increase. The MSW temperature of the front reactor was 47o C, and the rear reactor was 35o C.At the 30th minute of the front reactor, it was 63o C, the rear reactor was 61o C; at the 45th minute of the front reactor, it was 81o C, the rear reactor was 73o C; and at the 60th minute of the front reactor, it was 80o C, the rear reactor was 79oC. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how circulate the hot air aeration system works well.
Flood Control Rule in Bintang Bano Reservoir
Authors: Afifah R C , Sangkawati S , Suripin  , Wulandari D A
Published: December 2023

Flood is a disaster that occur since ancient times until now, and even in the future. Flood can be caused by nature, humans, or both. Constructing new dams are a good method to reduce flood and losses caused by floods, one of them is Bintang Bano Dam. The purpose of this study is to analyze the capacity of the gated spillway and ungated spillway, so that the allowable return period of discharge can be estimated through the both spillways. This research activity divided into 4 (four) stages are: the identification and data processing stage, the rainfall-runoff modeling stage, the reservoir flood routing, and the simulation of the operation of opening gates on both spillways. The gated spillway can be operated at all return periods (2 years to PMF). Ungated spillway can only overflow discharge with ≥ 100 years return period. During the return period 2 years to 50 years, no runoff occurs through the ungated spillway. For the return period of 100 years to 1000 years there is runoff through the ungated spillway without any gate openings. It is recommended for floods with a return period of 2 years to 50 years, with upstream and downstream conditions of rainfall, the gate can be closed. But for floods with 100 years to 1000 years return periods, the discharge automatically overflows through the ungated spillway cannot be opened/damaged.
The effect of carbon dioxide absorption using buton asphalt residue through carbonation on calcium carbonate precipitated efficiency
Authors: Ambarita M , Pusparizkita Y M , Schmahl W W , Lamura M D P , Jamari J , Bayuseno A P
Published: December 2023

The study investigated the efficiency of generating precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by chemical dissolution and carbonation from extracted natural asphalt solid waste residue. This residue was then further transformed into calcium carbonate through a series of steps involving calcination at a temperature of 900 °C for 5 hours and ammonium salt dissolution. Subsequently, the calcined residue is dissolved in ammonium salt solutions (2M - NH4Cl, and NH4NO3) under a temperature condition of 60°C. Next, CO2 was injected into the solution contained a high concentration of calcium sources under a predetermined pressure. Additionally, the solution’s initial pH changed to 12 to be the ideal degree of alkalinity. A flow rate of 1 L/min of acetic acid as the extracting agent would result in the highest level of carbonation efficiency. This process yielded vaterite calcium carbonate with a purity of 99.4%, as verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) tests. The vaterite of polymorphic calcium carbonate has a spherical morphology, according to studies utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming the morphological structure of calcium carbonate. The study could add knowledge on preparing the wastes into the high value of vaterite with low processing procedures.
Prospect and application of flue gas washing liquid from wet scrubber unit at Masaro plastic refinery for organic pesticides
Authors: Yemensia E V , Steven S , Soekotjo E S A , Abidin A Z
Published: December 2023

Masaro plastic refinery represents an advanced technology designed to effectively manage residual waste. This innovative approach integrates the principles of incineration and pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including fuel and flue gas washing liquid from a wet scrubber unit. The flue gas washing liquid contains ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, and phenol compounds which still do not meet the quality standards stipulated by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Those compounds should be reclaimed due to their toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Fortunately, they are extensively employed in the agricultural domain such as raw material for fertilizers and pesticides. This research endeavors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the composition of the flue gas washing liquid. The objective is to evaluate the potential application of its components as main ingredients in pesticide formulations. To augment its effectiveness, supplementary active ingredients are incorporated, derived from various plant species recognized for their efficacy in combatting pests and insects. The extraction process combines flue gas washing liquid with selected plants, such as bintaro fruit, garlic, lemongrass, neem leaves, and tobacco. From the results, this research not only addresses the environmental issue but also provides a sustainable solution to meet the agricultural sector’s demand for sustainable pesticides.
Utilization of bottled drinking water plastic waste (PET type plastic) in concrete mix
Authors: Abadi I , Samadikun B P , Budiharjo M A
Published: December 2023

Garbage has always been a major problem in the topic of conversation due to the lack of public knowledge in processing waste. One type of waste that is often used by people everyday is plastic waste. One effort that can be used to utilize plastic waste is to use it as a concrete mixture. The purpose of utilizing plastic waste in concrete mixes is to reduce the amount of plastic waste produced by the bottled mineral water beverage factory in Pangkalpinang City, the provincial capital of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The method used is field observation and data collection. The results obtained from this research are how useful mineral water plastic waste is when used in concrete mixtures. Mineral water plastic can be used in various aspects of construction other than concrete mixes, so it can be considered in further research. Thus, it is hoped that this research can become a reference in the processing of plastic waste both in the field of architecture and in environmental engineering.
Utilization of recycled and waste material in construction - a review
Authors: Iqbal M J , Zaman B , Budihardjo M A
Published: December 2023

Many waste products cause harmful environmental problems. Due to plastic’s versatility and high demand in a wide range of uses, its environmental effect has increased to dangerous proportions. Traditional building materials usually use a lot of energy during production, which also has a negative impact on the environment. The use of various waste materials in the construction industry is required to address these environmental challenges. Utilizing waste materials in building appears to be the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to this issue. However, this study has discussed further about the current practices of the uses of waste and recycled materials in the construction industry. This study aims to review the use of these waste materials to increase the properties of concrete, an eco-friendly concrete which can reduce environmental issues. The methodology in this study is qualitative review based on the literature review from accreditation journal sites. It explains that waste materials are used as resources in the manufacturing of concrete. It is concluded that, in the future, use of plastic waste and other construction materials will serve as a source for construction material.
Implementation of electric vehicles to support energy conservation and efficiency improvement in the transportation sector in Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana I , Hadiyanto  , Warsito B , Hilmawan E , Santosa J , Sugiyono A
Published: December 2023

More than 45.7% of Indonesia’s total energy consumption in 2021 came from the transportation sector. The transportation sector needs to improve energy efficiency and apply energy conservation measures in order to reduce energy consumption. The use of electric cars as an environmentally friendly replacement for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is one effort in this direction. Using electric vehicles will reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector; however, if fossil fuels continue to dominate the power sector, this will also lead to an increase in global GHG emissions. The power sector must employ NRE as much as possible in order to cut emissions. The energy system model, which is projected to be operational until the year 2100, was created using the LEAP and NEMO tools. Power plants are optimized for electricity delivery using the BAU and NZE scenarios. As a result of the energy system’s optimization, the usage of petroleum products will be reduced by about 778.7 million BOE in 2100, and the transportation sector’s GHG emissions will be reduced by 304.4 million tons of CO2e. By promoting energy efficiency, conservation, and the environment’s impact, the use of electric vehicles can improve Indonesia’s NZE situation in the transportation sector.
Applications of Local Microorganism (MOL) in The Processing of Waste Leaves and Twig with On Site Solid Waste Processing Technology (TOSS)
Authors: Dewilda Y , Goembira F , Sukma F A , Mardatillah R
Published: December 2023

The On-Site Solid Waste Processing Technology (TOSS) revolutionized organic and biomass waste conversion into fuel pellets. In this study, we compared outcomes when bio-drying leaf and twig waste with added local microorganisms (MOL) from tuna and bagasse waste, alongside the AR124 bio-activator. Biomass pellet quality was assessed against SNI 8966:2021 standards and previous research. Microorganism identification determined the activator’s constituents. TOSS involved three phases: enumeration, bio-drying, and pelletization. Initially, waste was chopped, and MOL facilitated bio-drying. Subsequently, waste transformed into biomass pellets using a pellet machine. Incorporating AR124 and MOL bio-activators yielded similar quality outcomes, effectively reducing water content and enhancing calorific value compared to variations without activators. Microorganisms identified in MOL and AR124 bio-activators were Candida sp. and Bacillus sp. Compliant with SNI regulations, all biomass pellets met quality standards. Moisture content ranged from 7.67 ± 0.58% to 11.33 ± 2.08%, volatile content from 65 ± 1.00% to 69.33 ± 6.66%, ash content from 13.00 ± 3.61% to 13.67 ± 4.93%, fixed carbon from 5.67 ± 2.08% to 14 ± 5.29%, and heating value from 268.09 ± 2.82 kcal/kg to 3512.17 ± 298.95 kcal/kg.
Comparison Between the Plastic Waste Influx of Rural Rivers: Mlese River in Indonesia and Hamada River in Japan
Authors: Chowdhury Zahura , Yokota Kuriko , Nguyen Minh Ngoc , Andarani Pertiwi , Sudarno Sudarno , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Inoue Takanobu
Published: December 2023

Marine plastic pollution has become a global concern as plastic wastes continue to accumulate in the world’s oceans. Usually, such accumulation occurs due to garbage leakage from land, which eventually flow into the river pathways through surface runoff or wind. This study aims to draw a parallel between the garbage influx of two rural rivers in Indonesia and Japan. Data collections were carried out at one of the river points in Indonesia’s Mlese River and Japan’s Hamada River when the weather was not rainy. The river characteristics and influx of plastic litter into the river streams were analysed at a specific time of a day. In Mlese River, trashboom method and, in Hamada River, manual netting method were used to trap the plastics. The waste outflow was 370 g/hr from Mlese River and 0.25 g/hr from Hamada River. Despite the average discharge of the two rivers being quite similar (0.34 m3/s), the plastic outflow in Mlese River was about 1400 times compared to the plastic outflow of Hamada River, proving the waste leakage problem in Indonesia to be greater. Data must be collected in rainy days as well to better understand the complete situation of waste influx in these rivers.
Sustainable additive manufacturing of interference screws made from eco-friendly filament for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hartanti L P S , Haniel  , Nugraha F W , Anggoro P W , Ismail R , Jamari J , Bayuseno A P
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a sustainable manufacturing approach because it can lower emissions and have a lower negative impact on the environment. 3D-printed interference screws from poly-lactic acid, eco-friendly filament, by fused deposition modelling (FDM), were fabricated with different process parameters. The most popular technique for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament is interference screw fixation. This study considered the role of the AM sustainability paradigm in terms of material input for FDM and product manufacturing. This study considered the role of the AM sustainability paradigm in terms of material input for FDM and process efficiency by investigating the effect of the AM process parameters, such as printing temperature (PT), printing speed (PS), and infill percentage (IP) on the density and stripping torque (ST). Later, the degradation profile of the screw was analyzed using the weight loss of screws. The experimental design of the fully factorial design was with two levels for each process parameter. The significant process parameters and their interactions were through statistical analysis of the resulting design. Results have shown that PT, PS, and IP significantly influenced the density and ST of 3D-printed interference screws. In five weeks, 3D-printed interference screws started to lose weight.
Urbanization and its Consequences to the Settlement Carrying Capacity in Ambarawa Urban Area, Semarang Regency
Authors: Septiarani B , Lillah I R I , Yesiana R , Astuti K D , Anggraini P
Published: December 2023

Urbanization has become prominent discourse around the world in the last decade. Rapid urbanization will encourage economic growth, but on the other hand, it can be detrimental if it affects the carrying capacity of the environment in supporting settlements. Therefore, development must also ensure the protection of our environment. The Ambarawa is an example of an urban area that continues to experience development and requires land to support its settlements. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the extend of urbanization phenomenon and settlement carrying capacity in Ambarawa. Narrative and spatial analysis in a time series are used to explain the urbanization process in the Ambarawa and how it related to the carrying capacity of the area. The result shows that the urbanization that occurred in Ambarawa can be seen from the development of settlements, shifts in economic activity, and also affecting the carrying capacity of settlements. It is predicted that Ambarawa still can accommodate more residential areas, but several sub-districts/villages need more attention because they have exceeded the carrying capacity of their settlements, namely in Bejalen and Pasekan. It is expected that this paper could become a recommendation for future spatial and population planning in the Ambarawa and Semarang Regency.
An overview of waste management strategies in padang city: current practices and challenges
Authors: Wahyuni N , Fajri H , Ulfah N , Barsei A N
Published: December 2023

This page thoroughly reviews Padang City’s waste management strategy, highlighting current practices and problems encountered. This study evaluates the Padang City Environment Agency’s policies and activities using qualitative and descriptive approaches. The results demonstrate several waste management measures used by the Padang City Environment Agency and the Padang City Government. These tactics consist of TPS 3R and Waste Bank. However, there are several management difficulties, such as a need for environmental public awareness and a constrained budget. The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to improved trash management.
Eco-efficiency index of the recycling process of fuel husks into briquettes in Tofu SMEs using life cycle assessment
Authors: Hartini S , Wicaksono PA , Purbasari A , Fatliana A N , Handayani N U , Rashif M N
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for energy and the decreasing availability of fossil fuel reserves necessitate the exploration of alternative solutions. Biomass waste, particularly abundant in countries like Indonesia, presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy alternative by reducing CO2 emissions. Transforming waste into a more valuable product is crucial, accompanied by an assessment of its ecological consequences. Nevertheless, the recycling procedure often still consumes materials and energy. Previous research on evaluating the environmental consequences of recycling organic waste into briquettes remains limited. This investigation is focused on analyzing the environmental effects of the recycling process for converting fuel husk waste into briquettes. The study was conducted using burnt husk waste generated from the energy production process through husk burning in tofu manufacturing.
The conditions for the analog of QED photons in semi-classical periodically driven systems
Authors: Moiseyev Nimrod , Even Tzur Matan
Published: December 2023

The Floquet and quantum electrodynamics (QED) Hamiltonians are widely used in various contexts for light-matter interactions. While they exhibit structural similarity, the QED Hamiltonian has a bounded spectrum while the Floquet Hamiltonian does not. Thus, it remains uncertain if they share the same or similar spectra, even at high energy with a substantial average photon count. Using the Gershgorin circle theorem, we bound analytically the difference between the spectra of the QED and Floquet Hamiltonians. We establish a common spectrum by imposing the constraints of high photon numbers and narrow photon statistics. Following the analytic proof, we numerically demonstrate this bound’s implications on a model Xe atom previously used in high harmonic generation, showing correspondence between Floquet and QED photons.
Ti/Co co-doped O3-Na(Ni0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5)0.85Ti0.1Co0.05O2 with high rate and durable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiangfeng , Li Qinghui , Su Wei , Chen Baohui , Zhou Qiongyu , Wang Xiaofen
Published: December 2023

O3-type layered oxides are widely investigated as cathodes for Na-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and splendid initial Coulombic efficiency. However, they suffer from fast capacity fading owing to the complicated phase transformations, especially in high cut-off voltage (>4 V). Herein, Ti and Co elements were simultaneously introduced to O3-Na(Ni0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5)0.85Ti0.1Co0.05O2 (NFMTC) cathode material, and the effects of Ti/Co co-doping on phase structure and electrochemical properties were analyzed in detail. The results reveal that Ti/Co co-doping can enhance the {010} plane, interlayer space and Na-ion diffusion kinetics, resulting in the improved electrochemical performance. Therefore, the NFMTC cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 174.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C in the voltage range of 2.0–4.3 V and a good rate capability (53% of the initial capacity at 5 C) as well as an excellent capacity retention of 78% after 300 cycles at 1 C. This work maybe provides a guidance to explore high-performance cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.
Legal traditions
Authors: Ragone Sabrina , Smorto Guido
Published: December 2023

Chapter 3 addresses the concept of legal traditions as offering a progressive replacement for the category of legal families, as this concept emphasizes the evolving nature of the law, its fluidity, and its hybridity, overcoming the rigid boundaries set by previous taxonomies. It maps traditions into four categories: oral traditions (Chthonic; African); religious traditions (Talmudic; Islamic); traditions emphasizing duties (Hindu; Confucian); and Western traditions recognizing state authority as the main source of the system (Common; Civil). After pointing out the basic features of each, it explains to what extent there are overlaps and common features among traditions, spanning from the relevance of interpretation to the structure of legal norms.
What for? The uses of comparative law
Authors: Ragone Sabrina , Smorto Guido
Published: December 2023

Chapter 6 focuses on the practical dimension as a core element of comparative law, present since the early projects of unification and harmonization at the international level. Recent phenomena relating to regional integration and mutual imitations, as well as the emergence of transboundary issues and common legal problems, have reinforced its importance. The chapter explains what factors can aid the use of comparative law—a such as, inter alia, common language, or shared political or economic interests—while emphasizing its role in education and improvement of critical skills, in legislative and constituent processes, adjudication, elaboration of international sources of law, and scholarly work.
VSCode-Antimony: a source editor for building, analyzing, and translating antimony models
Authors: Ma Steve , Fan Longxuan , Konanki Sai Anish , Liu Eva , Gennari John H , Smith Lucian P , Hellerstein Joseph L , Sauro Herbert M
Published: December 2023

Motivation

Developing biochemical models in systems biology is a complex, knowledge-intensive activity. Some modelers (especially novices) benefit from model development tools with a graphical user interface. However, as with the development of complex software, text-based representations of models provide many benefits for advanced model development. At present, the tools for text-based model development are limited, typically just a textual editor that provides features such as copy, paste, find, and replace. Since these tools are not “model aware,” they do not provide features for: (i) model building such as autocompletion of species names; (ii) model analysis such as hover messages that provide information about chemical species; and (iii) model translation to convert between model representations. We refer to these as BAT features.

Results

We present VSCode-Antimony, a tool for building, analyzing, and translating models written in the Antimony modeling language, a human readable representation of Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) models. VSCode-Antimony is a source editor, a tool with language-aware features. For example, there is autocompletion of variable names to assist with model building, hover messages that aid in model analysis, and translation between XML and Antimony representations of SBML models. These features result from making VSCode-Antimony model-aware by incorporating several sophisticated capabilities: analysis of the Antimony grammar (e.g. to identify model symbols and their types); a query system for accessing knowledge sources for chemical species and reactions; and automatic conversion between different model representations (e.g. between Antimony and SBML).

Availability and implementation

VSCode-Antimony is available as an open source extension in the VSCode Marketplace https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=stevem.vscode-antimony. Source code can be found at https://github.com/sys-bio/vscode-antimony.