bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK, PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS, DAN LIKUIDITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR CONSUMER NON-CYCLICALS SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Lorens Manuel , Sandra Amelia
Published: January 2024

Tax avoidance refers to measures of tax deduction received by the government. Financial ratios are utilized in analyzing and monitoring company performance through the company’s income statement and statement of financial position. This research has a purpose to discern whether tax avoidance, profitability, solvability, and liquidity were different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the judgment sampling, 37 consumer non-cyclicals sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange were obtained during the period 2018 to 2021. The sample in this research is considered normally distributed based on the Central Limit Theorem theory due to the number of samples exceeds 30. The Paired-Samples T-Test indicates that tax avoidance has a significance probability < 0.05, meanwhile profitability, solvability, and liquidity have a significance probability > 0.05. This research concluded that differences are present in tax avoidance between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, differences are not present in profitability, solvability, and liquidity between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN QUÁ TRÌNH CHẾ BIẾN TRÀ XANH TỪ LÁ CHÈ TRUỒI TẠI PHÚ LỘC, THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Nguyễn Quốc Sinh , Dương Văn Hậu , Nguyễn Văn Huế , Lê Công Danh , Võ Văn Quốc Bảo
Published: January 2024

Trong ba loại trà chế biến từ cây chè là trà xanh, trà đen và trà ô long, trà xanh là sản phẩm được sản xuất theo phương pháp không lên men. Trong nghiên cứu này, một số yếu tố kỹ thuật làm héo, diệt men, vò chè và sấy khô của quá trình chế biến ảnh hưởng đến hàm lượng nước, chất hoà tan, tanin và chất lượng cảm quan của trà xanh đã được khảo sát. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sản phẩm trà xanh được chế biến từ lá chè Truồi tại Phú Lộc, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế có chất lượng tốt khi làm héo chè ở nhiệt độ (30 - 35oC) trong thời gian 2 giờ; diệt men bằng cách sao ở nhiệt độ 160oC trong 2 phút; vò trong 12 phút và sấy khô theo 3 giai đoạn để đảm bảo chất lượng chè ở nhiệt độ 90oC - 160oC - 90o  tương ứng với 3 mốc thời gian 25 phút -15 phút - 60 phút. Sản phẩm trà xanh có độ ẩm 4,97%, hàm lượng tanin 5,83 %ck chất hoà tan 28,33 %ck, trà có hương thơm, giảm độ hăng, độ chát của sản phẩm.
South Caucasus in the Phase of Russian-Ukrainian War: New Security Challenges and Possible Scenarios for Development
Authors: Karapetyan Roman
Published: January 2024

The paper mainly examines the economic, political and military situation in the South Caucasus after the start of Russian-Ukrainian war. In the paper we are focused on the question of what kind of consequences does the Russian-Ukrainian war has on the countries of the South Caucasus. Relying on the analytical-forecasting approach, we also are trying to forecast what developments can be expected in this region. On this regard we especially look onto the facts from Armenia’s perspective. Of course, the discussion of the situation in Georgia and Azerbaijan was also under our great attention, because we also had set a task to compare the processes that took place in the three countries of the region.

The modernity of the topic can be measured, first of all, by its global political significance: Russian-Ukrainian conflict continues to be on the top of world political processes. On the other hand, it is actual when studying political and economic processes in the post-Soviet territory. By and large, as a result, the South Caucasus is a part of the European and Middle Eastern security sphere, or at least has an important role in them. Therefore, the ongoing developments in this region are not local and may also affect the European, Middle Eastern and the processes also in other regions.

Russian-Ukrainian conflict has affected on foreign policy behavior of the Southern Caucasus countries. The region is now under the turbulence zone, so we are not aware from being faced by new challenges and security issues. Since we have highly evaluated the impact of the conflict on the countries of the region, we have also tried to make certain predictions regarding possible future development scenarios, which could be as recommendations for foreign policy decision making structures of Armenia.
Politics Between Nations. Contributions to International Relations, edited by Adebowale Akande. Springer, Cham. 2023. XXVII, 645 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24896-2.
Authors: Mkrtchyan Haykuhi , Drmeyan Hayarpi
Published: January 2024

This book comparatively analyzes global conflicts and diplomatic relations between international players, as well as the mechanisms of public diplomacy, the difficulties of peace diplomacy and hard power war. In the book, the authors pay special attention to the issues of the modern world order, relations between various geopolitical, regional and national actors in an environment of increasingly complex international relations, emerging challenges and threats. The authors pay special attention to the efforts of intergovernmental organizations, the problem of terrorism, including international terrorism, and the violation of global stability, which still remain serious challenges and threats that national states, as well as international institutions, are called upon to solve. The authors analyze various dimensions of the intensification of terrorism, military conflicts and threats to national states emanating from military blocs, and update the issues of terrorist danger and international instability. They note that this state of affairs in the world system puts on the political agenda the importance of enhanced interaction between national states with international weight, resources and capabilities. In this regard, constructive and civilized interaction of all countries in the international arena to counter terrorism and strengthen international stability is of particular relevance.
Karsgaard, Carrie. 2023. Instagram as Public Pedagogy: Online Activism and the Trans Mountain Pipeline. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. XVII, 277 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26182-4
Authors: Abrahamyan Knarik
Published: January 2024

This book provides a comparative analysis of the public pedagogy of Instagram in the social networking system, which today is not only one of the leading channels whose content is actively consumed by young people, but also a platform where content from various information and communication environments is posted and distributed. In this context, modern research into Instagram public pedagogy is aimed primarily at studying the phenomena of civic and social activity, communication barriers and ways to overcome them. The book provides examples of various social and humanities studies that occupy the study of public pedagogy, as well as the influence of social networks and virtual reality on behavior and perception of various events. In this book, the political science research problem lies in the formation of digital political pedagogy and the pedagogical contradiction of applying traditional theoretical approaches to the formation of public attitudes in the new environment of virtual social networks. Knowledge of the peculiarities of the formation of civil and political attitudes on Instagram and other social networks will allow us to develop effective methods for diagnosing and leveling the influence of social networks.
BIOLOGY OF STENOSTOMUM LEUCOPS (DUGES 1828) (CATENULIDA, TURBELLARIA), THE DOMINANT SPECIES OF TURBELLARIAN WORMS IN A SMALL WATER BODY OF THE UPPER VOLGA BASIN
Authors: Korgina E.
Published: January 2024

In many hydrobiological studies, a large group of turbellarian worms is not, as a rule, given due attention,

although they are of considerable importance in the ecosystem of the water body. The biology of the development of one of the mass species of turbellarians Stenostomum leucops was studied in the pond of the forest park area during the vegetation period (from April to November) in 2019. The dynamics of the abundance and biomass of the species was studied. The maximum values of these parameters were recorded in June-July at the water temperature of 22.0ºC.
EFFECT OF ELLAGOTANINS AND PROBIOTIC “ECOFLOR” ON STERLET NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY INDICES
Authors: Mikryakov Daniil Veniaminovich , Suvorova T. , Kuz'micheva S.
Published: January 2024

The experimental study of the effect of feed additive based on ellagotanins and immobilized probiotic “Ecoflor” on some parameters of non-specific immunity of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus was carried out. Feed additives based on ellagotannins are one of the numerous preparations of natural origin. They have antibacterial and immunostimulating properties. Biologically active additive “Ecoflor” is a consortium of live antagonistically active strains of bifido- and lactobacilli immobilized on enterosorbent. During the experiment, control and experimental groups were kept in flow-through plastic pools. Sterlets were fed 6 times a day. Drugs were added to the feed according to the instructions. Sampling was carried out before the start of the experiment, on 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days. Material for the study was taken from 5 individuals from each group. Peripheral blood was taken from the tail vein. After autopsy, tissue pieces of immunocompetent organs (kidney, spleen and liver) were taken from the fish into dry sterile tubes. Blood coagulation and clot retraction were waited for to obtain serum. The serum was then withdrawn with a syringe with a fine needle and transferred into an Eppendorf tube. For further studies, the homogenate was prepared from kidney, spleen and liver with physiological solution in the ratio of 1:6. The level of bacteriostatic activity, C-reactive protein and nonspecific immune complexes was determined in blood serum samples. In homogenates of kidney, spleen and liver the content of immune complexes was determined. The study established high indices of antimicrobial properties of blood serum in all studied fish and the absence of immunodeficient individuals. Lower indices of bacteriostatic activity in experimental groups and zero percent of immunodeficient individuals indicate insignificant influence of preparations on nonspecific antibacterial defense. The majority of the studied fish had a positive level of C-reactive protein, which indicates the presence of inflammatory processes in the body. The content of nonspecific immune complexes in the liver was several times higher than in other tissues, which may be due to the neutralization of components included in the preparations.
BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL NEW APPROACH IN MODELLING SCHIZOPHRENIA USING ZEBRAFISH
Authors: Curpan Alexandrina-Stefania , Savuca Alexandra , Ciobîcă Alin
Published: January 2024

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are one of the most debilitating disorders as it severely impacts the day-to-day life of the individual. Therefore, during recent years, using zebrafish to model schizophrenia has become a reliable and popular choice due to the similarities in terms of genetics and brain structure to that of the human brain. Often times, the approach is to use ketamine in order to induce the positive symptoms of this disorder in zebrafish. However, this method may be lacking since it only mimics the positive symptoms, represented by delusions, hallucinations, which are not always the standard in terms of symptoms. Therefore, in the present study we have decided to approach this animal model from a different perspective by administrating methionine to replicate the negative symptoms described through increased anxiety, decreased social life and skills, and also the combination of the two substances with the purpose to get as close as possible to the way the disorder is manifested in humans. Our results support the idea that both ketamine and methionine are reliable options to induce their respective symptoms whereas the combination of the two substances does indeed lead to different behaviors compared to the individual groups.
STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF GASIFICATION OF BLACK LIQUOR
Authors: Marian Florian , Zaharioiu Anca Maria , Bucura Felicia , Botoran Oana , Oancea Simona , Constantinescu Marius
Published: January 2024

This review paper describes the potential of developing a new lignocellulosic biorefinery concept integrated with the Kraft industry. To demonstrate that gasification is a sustainable and more valuable processing route than burning it in recovery boilers, additional processes of syngas cleaning and high sulfur recovery are required in order to achieve a significant reduction in operating costs to improve economic feasibility through BL gasification. BL gasification is performed using two types of gasifiers, one with a fluidized bed, which requires a higher air velocity to increase the yield of valuable products aiding to increase the calorific value of the produced gas compared to fixed bed gasifiers. Fixed-bed gasifiers produce gas with a high tar content because the heat and mass transfer between the gasifier and the biomass is low and non-uniform. BL gasification offers great potential for increased energy recovery with a reduced amount of emissions compared to that of conventional BL burning in recovery boilers.
Bedah Fenomena LGBT Ditinjau Menurut Pendekatan Socio Legal dan Eksistensinya dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Devina  , Toe Labina Maria Sesilia , Paparang Marcelina Fitria , Ristia Silvi , Febriyanti Yenny
Published: January 2024

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksistensi orientasi seksual Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender (LGBT) bagi hukum positif dan HAM di Indonesia. Metode pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan normative yang berdasarkan kajian pustaka dan pendekatan empiris melalui kuesioner berbasis online. Di Indonesia, LGBT belum memiliki hukum positif secara mandiri, hanya baru berdasarkan melalui pendekatan hukum yang dianggap berhubungan dengan konteks LGBT. Salah satu hukum positifnya yaitu melalui pendekatan hukum perkawinan yang diatur dalam Undang – Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974, UUD NRI 1945 dan Undang – Undang No. 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP Terbaru. Ketidakpastian hukum terhadap perilaku LGBT, menimbulkan diskriminasi karena keresahan masyarakat, apakah perilaku LGBT sebagai suatu pelanggaran dan layak mendapatkan suatu hukuman ataukah perilaku LGBT benar memang adanya suatu hak individu untuk memilih orientasi seksualnya dan dilindungi atas nama Hak Asasi Manusia. Masyarakat Indonesia berharap pemerintah bergegas menanggulangi fenomena ini agar Indonesia tidak tercemari oleh pesta LGBT. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa eksistensi LGBT di Indonesia belumlah diterima sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat, karena dianggap sangat bertentangan dengan norma, agama serta mengingat bahwa secara filosofis Indonesia memiliki pondasi negara yang kuat yaitu Pancasila, menurut nilai-nilai yang berlaku, perilaku LGBT tidak sesuai dengan norma-norma masyarakat.
Subtitling Strategies: A Case of Indah Asmigianti on OmeTV
Authors: Hasibuan Nurul Huda Ahmad , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Meisuri Meisuri
Published: January 2024

Subtitling strategies used by subtitlers in translating words, phrases, and speaker’s utterances in the audiovisual field. The aim of this study was to analyze the types of subtitling strategies used by Indah Asmigianti on OmeTV. It adopted a descriptive qualitative method. The subject of the study was the video of Indah Asmigianti taken on YouTube in January 2023, complete with subtitles. The focus was on the conversation between Indah Asmigianti and strangers. The subtitling strategies were categorized according to Gottlieb's theory (1992). The result revealed eight types of subtitling strategies used, namely: paraphrase (33.2%), transfer (22.1%), condensation (11%), expansion (8%), deletion (5.3%), imitation (5%), resignation (4.2%), and decimation (3.2%). Transcription and dislocation strategies were not found in this research. The most frequently used strategy was paraphrase. This research contributes to understanding the complexity of subtitling as a form of cultural translation.
Beyond the Call of Duty: Exploring the Motivations, Challenges and Contributions of Aging Volunteers in Military Reserves
Authors: Saladaga Rachel L
Published: January 2024

Military reservists play a vital role in defense, often balancing their civilian and military responsibilities. This study aimed to investigate the motivations, challenges, and contributions of aging reservists, assessing the impact of their service on personal development and military efficacy. The research sought to identify support factors and strategies for better integration into the military reserves. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative research design, the study collected data through in-depth interviews, providing insights into the motivations and challenges faced by aging reservists. Based on the findings, these individuals are primarily driven by personal satisfaction, a sense of duty, and continuous professional growth. Despite physical challenges and the need to balance various commitments, they demonstrate resilience and contribute significantly through knowledge transfer and mentorship. Moreover, aging reservists are crucial for military effectiveness, benefiting from and necessitating strong support systems for their continued service. It was recommended to establish health and wellness programs, mentorship initiatives, improved access to medical care, enhanced legislative policies, and recognition programs. Additionally, vocational training relevant to military and civilian roles and community-based integration programs are advised to maintain an effective reserve force and support national defense readiness.
Textbook Project on Social Problems Using Case Method
Authors: Oktika Melda , Hidaya Hidaya , Tanjung Samsidar
Published: January 2024

This research aims to: (1) produce a suitable case method-based social problems textbook for class V at SD Negeri 056627 Kwala Sawit District. Batang Attack District. Langkat, (2) produce an effective social problems textbook based on the case method in class V of SD Negeri 056627 Kwala Sawit District. Batang Attack District, (3) Steps to become better textbook In this research refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) research and development model. The results of the research show that case method-based social problems textbooks are very suitable for use. This is proven by material experts with a percentage of 94%, language experts 90% and design experts 78%. The social problems textbook based on the case method is very effective applied to improve student learning outcomes at SD Negeri 056627 Kwala Sawit, Batang Attack District, Langkat City based on the completeness test, student learning outcomes were 91.66% (very good) and the n-gain score increased student learning outcomes by g= 0.75 (high)
From The Viewpoints of Afghan University Lecturers, Using the Communicative Language Teaching Method to Teach and Learn English Language
Authors: Alokozay Wahidullah , Shadab Noorullah , Shamar Emal
Published: January 2024

Investigating how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors at Afghan public universities felt about the application of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was the aim of this study. The study used a quantitative research design that included a survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was completed by fifty Afghan EFL instructors, and the results were evaluated using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency). Overall, the findings demonstrated that CLT is seen well by Afghan EFL instructors. The most favourable opinions regarding the role of students in CLT were displayed, suggesting that students firmly think that learners have a crucial role in putting CLT into practice. The role of quality/quantity of error-correction had the lowest mean. The overall findings showed that the Afghan EFL lecturers have positive perceptions about. Future research should be done, according to this study, to learn more about the opinions of Afghan EFL lecturers at both public and private universities. Teachers, students, and policymakers should all take note of the current findings. Curriculum revisions are implemented by policymakers to align with the nation's adoption of CLT.
Penerapan Strategi Resolusi Konflik Oleh PT. Angkasa Pura I dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo Dalam Mengatasi Konflik Horizontal di Area Bandara New Yogyakarta Internasional Airport
Authors: Firmansyah Deden
Published: January 2024

 

This study aims to look at the role of PT Angkasa Pura I and the Kulon Progo Regency Government in resolving horizontal conflicts that occurred around the Kulon Progo Airport development area. The role of PT Angkasa Pura I and the Kulon Progo Regency Government is important, especially in the process of the resolution stages for the success of the airport development progress. This research uses qualitative methods that are strengthened by conflict and conflict resolution approaches as a theoretical basis for looking more deeply into the process of conflict formation and efforts to reduce conflict. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with crucial actors, both from the airport, the Kulon Progo Regency Government, and from the community. The results of the research show that horizontal conflict is formed by five things, namely perceptual distortion, grudges, distrust, competition/scarcity of resources, destructive criticism. Furthermore, PT Angkasa Pura I and the Kulon Progo Regency Government’s role in carrying out horizontal conflict resolution is carried out in three ways, namely by conducting negotiations, local wisdom and through community empowerment. It was also found that there was the involvement of indirect actors which increased the intensity and scale of the conflict which could become a basis for further research.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran PT Angkasa Pura I dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam meresolusi konflik horizontal yang terjadi di sekitar area pembangunan Bandara Kulon Progo. Peran PT Angkasa Pura I dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo menjadi penting, khususnya pada proses tahapan-tahapan resolutif untuk mensukseskan progres pembangunan bandara tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dikuatkan dengan pendekatan konflik dan resolusi konflik sebagai basis teoretis untuk melihat lebih dalam proses terbentuknya konflik hingga upaya peredaman konflik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam pada aktor-aktor yang krusial, baik dari pihak bandara, Pemerintah Daerah, maupun dari kalangan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik horizontal dibentuk oleh lima hal, yakni penyimpangan persepsi, dendam, ketidakpercayaan, kompetisi/kelangkaan sumber daya, kritik yang bersifat merusak. Lebih lanjut, peran PT Angkasa Pura I dan Pemerintah Daerah Kulon Progo dalam melakukan resolusi konflik horizontal dilakukan melalui tiga cara, yakni dengan melakukan negosiasi, kearifan lokal (local wisdom), dan melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat (empowerment). Ditemukan pula adanya keterlibatan aktor tidak langsung yang meningkatkan intensitas dan skala konflik yang dapat menjadi pijakan bagi penelitian selanjutnya.
MODERNISME
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus
Published: January 2024

Dalam berbagai hal kata modernisme sangat sering terpakai, baik masyarakat akademis maupun masyarakat awam tetapi sumber dasar modernisme dan latar belakang pemberian interpretasi tersebut sesuai pengalaman yang didapati dalam bentuk apapun. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research). Dalam penenlitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, analisis deskriptif adalah suatu metode dengan mengumpulkan data, menyusun atau mengklasifikasi, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikannya. 1). Lahirnya modernism karena adanya tekanan dari pihak Gereja di Eropa barat untuk membatasi ruang kebebasan ilmu pengetahuan yang dominan menggunakan rasional. 2). Setelah runtuhnya peradaban Islam maka di Eropa barat digantikan oleh suatu peradaban modern di Eropa barat dengan berkembangnya berbagai ilmu pengetahuan saat itu. 3). Paradigma dasar suatu perkembangan tidak mesti itu yang permanen bahkan banyak sekali mengalami kelemahan sehingga timbul kritik dari ilmuan barat sendiri yang mengakui kelemahan modernisasi tersebut karena menghilangkan nilai transenden ilahiyah dalam dirinya sehingga melahirkan suatu kebudayaan yang disebut Garaudy dengan kebudayaan “putus asa”.
Temporary Protection of Ukrainian Citizens - Selected Issues
Authors: Kurzępa-Piękoś Elżbieta , Błaszczak Bartosz , Kozicki Bartosz , Drygiel-Bielińska Marlena
Published: January 2024

The mass influx of refugees from Ukraine to Poland, caused by Russia’s aggression on February 24, 2022, has resulted in the application of solutions in the field of refugee law on a massive, unprecedented scale. Previously developed Polish regulations regarding the rules for granting protection to this category of people turned out to be insufficient, and the legislator decided to immediately develop new solutions for the protection of refugees from Ukraine, which were included in the Act of March 12, 2022 on assistance to citizens of Ukraine in relation to an armed conflict on the territory of that country. The provisions of this legal act constitute lex specialis in relation to the Act of June 13, 2003 on granting protection to foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Poland. The article defines a general outline of the so-called refugee law, also from a historical perspective, and includes an analysis of Polish regulations in the field of granting temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens in relation to the European Union standards. The correctness of such solutions was also evaluated.
Resultados de trifecta y pentafecta en nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica asistida por robot en pacientes ecuatorianos intervenidos en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín
Authors: Suárez Salgado Saskia Mercedes , Banda Martínez Eduardo Alonso , Toapanta Pinta Leslie Katherine , Larrea Estrella Alberto Manuel
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La nefrectomía parcial se ha convertido en el tratamiento estándar para el manejo de masas renales pequeñas, y dentro de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, el abordaje robótico ha ganado popularidad. Para evaluar la eficacia de las diversas modalidades quirúrgicas y estandarizar los resultados posteriores, se ha propuesto el logro de la trifecta, y en años recientes, de la pentafecta como parámetro de calidad. El objetivo del estudio es valorar los resultados oncológicos y funcionales mediante trifecta y pentafecta en pacientes con masas renales sometidos a nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica asistida por robot. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional epidemiológico descriptivo utilizando los datos de pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica asistida por robot en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador entre 2015 y 2022. Se valoró la ausencia de complicaciones (hasta 1 mes después de la operación), márgenes quirúrgicos negativos, tiempo de isquemia caliente inferior a 25 minutos para la trifecta; y la preservación >90 % de la TFGe, y el no empeoramiento del estadio de la enfermedad renal crónica a los 12 meses del posoperatorio, además de los parámetros citados anteriormente para la pentafecta. Resultados: El porcentaje de logro de trifecta y pentafecta posterior a nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica asistida por robot fue 53.1% y 29.4%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La tasa de filtrado glomerular preoperatoria, fue un factor que influenció el logro de la pentafecta en los pacientes ecuatorianos incluidos en el estudio.
Patología tiroidea quirúrgica, Hospital Metropolitano, enero 2017 – junio 2022
Authors: Díaz Padilla Johann Sebastian , Suntaxi Paucar Christian Israel , González Valdiviezo Blanca Lizette , Zárate León Sofía Alejandra , Casares Tamayo Jimmy Ronald , Herrera Cevallos Glenda Yamira
Published: January 2024

Antecedentes: La patología tiroidea, común en el 3-10% de la población, comprende tanto patologías clínicas como quirúrgicas. La cirugía tiroidea, desarrollada en el siglo XIX fue indicada inicialmente para el tratamiento del bocio. Actualmente, la intervención quirúrgica se centra en el tratamiento de enfermedad tumoral benigna y maligna. Se conoce registros estadísticos (incidencia/prevalencia) nacionales y regionales de las enfermedades tiroideas; más no un padrón intrahospitalario en una institución de referencia de tercer nivel, que permita analizar los datos de las indicaciones quirúrgicas (enfermedad benigna vs. maligna) y su relación cito-patológica definitiva. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal en el que se recaba información a través de historias clínicas registradas dentro de un Sistema Informativo Electrónico denominado GEMA. Se obtuvo datos de 453 registros de pacientes, quienes fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre enero del 2017 y junio del 2022, en un hospital de tercer nivel de Quito. Resultados: En los datos obtenidos en nuestro hospital identificamos que la patología tiroidea quirúrgica es en el sexo femenino más frecuente que en el masculino (82% vs. 18%). Solo el 21% de pacientes ingresó con diagnóstico de enfermedad tiroidea benigna con indicación quirúrgica, más el 79% ingresó con diagnóstico de enfermedad maligna, según citología obtenida de forma prequirúrgica. El resultado histopatológico definitivo reveló un diagnóstico del 31% de enfermedad tiroidea benigna y de un 69% de enfermedad maligna. Discusión: La tasa de afección de patología tiroidea en nuestro país es mayor, en comparación a países de la región, siendo el sexo femenino el más afectado. Los datos y resultados de presentación y necesidad de resolución quirúrgica, se correlaciona con los obtenidos en diversos estudios. Existe alta correlación cito-anatomopatológica en los datos obtenidos. (Sistema Clasificación Bethesda: IV: 54%, V: 82% y VI: 94%). Conclusiones: La incidencia de patología tiroidea quirúrgica es alta, especialmente en mujeres (82%). El bocio multinodular y nodular es la presentación benigna más común. Las citologías prequirúrgicas revelaron un 42% de sospecha de malignidad, y el sistema BETHESDA mostró correlación directa con diagnósticos de cáncer de tiroides. La hemitiroidectomía fue común para patologías benignas, mientras que la tiroidectomía total (79%) predominó en malignas.
Agradecimiento a los revisores y actividad editorial de MetroCiencia en 2023
Authors: Campos-Miño Santiago
Published: January 2024

MetroCiencia ha continuado con su crecimiento y evolución como aporte científico a las ciencias de la salud de nuestro país, aunque hemos crecido también con los autores y los lectores internacionales. Para darle un aspecto más profesional y facilitar el acceso a su contenido, este año hemos cambiado la portada manteniendo los colores y logos de nuestra revista y nuestra institución.
Resección anterior ultrabaja y anastomosis laparoscópica en adenocarcinoma de recto. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Torres Antonio , Masabanda Carlos , Rivadeneira Proaño Francisco , Mesías Joseph
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El Cáncer colorrectal es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo occidental, en la actualidad el abordaje laparoscópico mínimamente invasivo ha mostrado beneficio sobre la cirugía convencional abierta. Caso clínico: Se informa el caso de una mujer de 53 años que presentó proctorragias de 6 meses de evolución acompañado de mucorrea y dificultad para realizar la deposición. En colonoscopia se identifica a 7 cm de borde anal lesión que ocluye los 2/3 de la luz intestinal, la biopsia reporta adenocarcinoma de recto.  Se realizó laparoscopia exploratoria y resección anterior ultra baja con anastomosis término terminal más confección de ileostomía de protección.  En estudio histopatológico de pieza quirúrgica reporto bordes quirúrgicos libres de tumor y 38 ganglios mesorrectales negativos para malignidad (pT2 N0 Mx).  Se realizó cierre de ileostomía 2 meses después de la intervención con evolución favorable y preservación de continencia fecal. Conclusiones: Años atrás el diagnostico de Cáncer de recto suponía la amputación del órgano y del aparato esfinteriano con colostomía definitiva comprometiendo la calidad de vida y morbilidad. Las técnicas actuales a través de abordaje laparoscópico permiten una mejor resección mesorrectal obteniéndose resultados oncológicos óptimos y adecuada restitución de tránsito intestinal con anastomosis primaria y preservación del aparato esfinteriano. A pesar de la evolución tecnológica en cuanto a los medios diagnósticos es importante mejorar los protocolos para una adecuada estatificación clínica de los tumores de recto.
Quistes ováricos y poliquistosis renal en una adolescente con dolor abdominal agudo. Reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Calderón Pasquel Gabriela Soraya , Andino Urquizo Catherine Alexandra , Alvarado Alvarez Jhonny Stalyn , Peñaherrera Cepeda Gabriela Mishel , Daza Merizalde José Antonio , Contreras Pierola Huáscar Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Se describe el caso de una paciente femenina de 12 años con antecedente de desarrollo de caracteres sexuales secundarios precoces. Acude para valoración urgente por dolor abdominal de 6 horas de evolución localizado en fosa ilíaca izquierda y con sintomatología urinaria. Mediante auxiliares diagnósticos de ecografía y resonancia magnética abdominal se detecta quistes ováricos de 5 centímetros de diámetro cada uno con complemento de marcadores tumorales para bajo riesgo de malignidad. Concomitantemente se encuentra hallazgos de múltiples quistes corticales renales bilaterales de pequeño tamaño. Debido a persistencia de dolor abdominal pese a analgesia endovenosa se decidió la resolución del cuadro mediante cistectomía y adhesiolisis por parte de ginecología para posterior seguimiento ambulatorio de evolución clínica. Conclusión: Los quistes ováricos son menos frecuentes durante la adolescencia y son de rara ocurrencia simultánea con quistes renales. Estas etiologías deben abordarse ante clínica de dolor abdominal o pubertad precoz.
Uso de ondas de choque extracorpóreas en el paciente con seudoartrosis de fractura postquirúrgica: aspectos importantes
Authors: Serna Trejos Juan Santiago , Bermúdez Moyano Stefanya Geraldine , Polanco Roa David , Altman Salcedo David
Published: January 2024

La seudoartrosis de fractura posquirúrgica (SFP) es considerada como la imposibilidad de mantener la continuidad cortical en el sitio de la fractura mediante seguimiento radiológico por un periodo de mínimo 6 meses posterior a una intervención ortopédica, estas intervenciones suelen ser usualmente osteotomías y artrodesis. La causa de enfermedad atribuida a la SFP se ve reflejada de forma considerable, dado que compete la persistencia de dolor crónico, generando mayor discapacidad, impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida del paciente posquirúrgico y también se asocia a mayor riesgo de mortalidad1,2.Las modalidades de tratamiento más frecuentemente empleadas en la SPF se relacionan con el uso de medicamentos, como factores de crecimiento esquelético (factor de crecimiento epitelial; factor de crecimiento de fibroblasto; factor de crecimiento derivado de las plaquetas; factor de crecimiento de tipo insulina, entre otros) y teriparatida. Otras alternativas de tratamiento incluyen abordajes quirúrgicos (fijación interna y/o injerto óseo), siendo esta última el “gold standar
New 3D in vitro models for assessing the toxicity of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gabidinova Gulnaz Faezovna , Timerbulatova Gyuzel A. , Ubeykina Ekaterina V. , Sayagfarova Alsou A. , Fatkhutdinova Liliya M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In recent years, there has been interest in 3D cellular models that more accurately reflect in vivo conditions and can become an alternative to animal experiments in assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials. There is a need to develop 3D models of the human respiratory tract that can bridge the gap between traditional in vitro cell cultures and laboratory animals.
Material and methods. Mono- and co-culture 3D-models based on bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B and lung fibroblasts MRC5-SV40 have been developed. Pristine and purified from metal impurities TUBALL™ SWCNTs and Taunit-M MWCNTs were used as materials for the study. The range of concentrations studied included concentrations corresponding to actual occupational exposures (0.0006–100 µg/ml). To assess the cytotoxicity of CNTs in cell models, the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined after 72 hours of exposure.
Results. The cytotoxic effects of CNTs in 2D and 3D cell models manifested themselves in different concentration ranges: a three-dimensional model of bronchial epithelial cells turned out to be more sensitive to the effects of CNTs compared to a monolayer one, while in a spheroid model of fibroblasts a higher cytotoxicity threshold was noted for multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to traditional cell culture. In three-dimensional cell co-cultures, a significant increase in LDH was observed starting at higher concentrations compared to monocultures.
Limitations. The present study was limited to the use of one type of cytotoxicity test when examining the effects of CNTs on cells of the respiratory system.
Conclusion. A method has been developed for three-dimensional cultivation of cells of the human respiratory system to simulate the interaction of epithelial and stromal cells of the lower respiratory tract. Traditional 2D cell models may underestimate or overestimate the toxicity of materials. Improved 3D in vitro models, closer in their properties and morphology to native tissue, are more reliable in determining toxic doses and targets.
Toxicity of products of thermal oxidative degradation of nitrogen-containing building polymer materials
Authors: Tolkach Pavel G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In the event of fires in residential premises in which nitrogen-containing thermal insulation materials (foam rubber, polyisocyanurate foam) are used, the victims will be exposed to toxic thermal degradation products. Data on long-term disorders caused by intoxication by thermal degradation products of these materials could not be found in the available literature. The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of the products of thermal oxidative degradation of nitrogen-containing thermal insulation materials, both in the early and long-term post-intoxication period.
Material and methods. Static inhalation intoxication of rats with products of thermooxidative destruction of polyfoam and polyisocyanurate foam (at a concentration of 0,8HLC50) was simulated. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood of rats, indicators of vital functions were determined immediately before and on days 1, 7 and 28 after exposure. To assess learning disabilities in rats, a conditioned reflex of active avoidance by swimming was developed. To assess spatial memory in rats, the method of developing and reproducing the conditioned reflex of searching for food was used.
Results and discussion. The intoxication of rats with products of thermooxidative destruction of the studied materials of moderate severity was simulated. Violations of the functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular system of rats in the early (7 days) and long-term (28 days) post-intoxication period were not detected. In the long-term (28 days) post-intoxication period, an increase in the duration of the latent period of active avoidance by swimming of rats was determined (compared with the control), an increase in the number of spatial memory errors in rats and the time of testing (compared with the control) was revealed.
Limitation of the study. Limitations are due to the methodology of the research being conducted. A quantitative analysis of only some gaseous products of thermal oxidative destruction was perfomed.
Conclusion. It was found that intoxication of rats with products of thermooxidative destruction of foam rubber and foam polyiysocyanurate (at a concentration of 0,8HLC50) led to impaired learning and spatial memory of rats in the long-term post-intoxication period.
Changes in the mitochondrial function of fibroblast-like cells exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ryabova Yuliya V. , Bushueva Tatiana V. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Karpova Elizaveta P. , Sutunkova Marina Р.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Mitochondria are targets for almost all types of damaging agents, including toxins and oxidative stress. There is no doubt that possible effects on mitochondria should be taken into account in a comprehensive assessment of metal toxicity. Our objective was to establish changes in the mitochondrial function under the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles in vitro.
Material and methods. A monolayer culture of human lung fibroblast-like cells of the FLECH-104 line were exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) 21±4 nm in size, final concentrations of which in the media were 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption by the cells and its changes under the influence of modulators, such as oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, and rotenone combined with antimycin A. We estimated parameters of mitochondrial function and the bioenergetics index.
Results. At the concentration of 100 μg/mL in the incubation medium, CuO NPs induced changes in the culture of fibroblast-like cells that impeded further assessment of the mitochondrial function. At the lower concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/mL, we observed a dose-dependent trend toward a decrease in ATP-related respiration and bioenergetics index. It is noteworthy that the concentration of 25 μg/mL increased the maximum and reserve respiratory capacity of the cells, which was probably related to the dual effect of copper as a toxicant and an essential element.
Limitations of the study. The study was conducted using only one cell line and three concentrations of CuO nanoparticles suspended in the culture medium.
Conclusion. We established that copper oxide nanoparticles, when added to the incubation medium, have a multidirectional effect on the mitochondrial function of fibroblast-like cells potentially attributed to biotic properties of this metal.
The problem of selecting relevant descriptors in predicting the toxicity of chemicals
Authors: Guseva Ekaterina A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Mathematical models are widely applicable in conducting toxicological studies and can be used to fill gaps that arise in the assessment of chemical safety. Most of the attention is paid to the study of algorithms for constructing models, rather than approaches to choosing the most informative features.
The purpose of this study is to highlight aspects of the problem of choosing useful variables during mathematical modeling.
Material and methods. SMILES and molecular descriptors for organothiophosphates were generated in the interactive Google Colaboratory environment based on the program code using the RDKit, Mordred software. Using the tools of the scikit-learn Ver. 1.2.2 library, features were selected by filtering and by recursive feature exclusion. The values of acute oral toxicity parameters were taken from official information sources about chemicals. The obtained models are subjected to an internal validation procedure to evaluate the performance of the models.
Results. It should be noted that models where recursive exclusion of features was used have better characteristics than models based on descriptors selected by the filtering method. In particular, the acute toxicity prediction model for organothiophosphates based on the decision tree method with recursive exclusion of features has a high coefficient of determination (R2=0,91713), a relatively small root-mean-square error (RMSE= 0,35099), as well as high values of the cross-validation coefficient of determination (Q2LOO= 0,79756).
Limitations. The results obtained can be used only in predicting the toxicity of the specified group of chemicals with a similar mechanism of action.
Conclusion. The use of mathematical modeling is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity of chemicals, which has a number of features: on the one hand, it is a quick and convenient resource for screening the toxicity of substances, on the other hand, the model needs to be trained based not only on reliable research data, but also to carry out a qualitative selection procedure for signs that make a significant contribution to the functioning of the prognostic model.
Ethylene oxide: methodological approaches to the determination of residues in food products (literature review)
Authors: Lukashkin Nikita A. , Araslanov Ilgiz N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Ethylene oxide is a prohibited fumigant in the Russian Federation and the states of the European Union (EU), however, the substance is used in a number of other countries to disinfect food before they are sold, so there is a risk of such products entering the Russian market, which can lead to negative consequences for public health. The residues of the fumigant in consumed products can cause neurological disorders and the development of cancer in humans. In addition, the presence of 2-chloroethanol in foodstuffs, the main transformation product of ethylene oxide, which is formed during the interaction of the fumigant with the matrix, is of concern.
Material and methods. The analysis of domestic and foreign databases and regulatory legal acts on the regulation of the dangers of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol was carried out.
Results. The toxicological characterization of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol shows the need to establish acceptable levels of contaminants in food, and, as a result, to create a simple and effective analytical control method.
Limitations.The study is limited to a review of open literature sources in describing the toxicological characterization and methods of analysis of ethylene oxide in food products.
Conclusion. The analysis of open literature sources has shown the need for scientific substantiation of hygienic standards and the development of a method for controlling the content of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in food products.
Posthuman Body: A Post-dualistic Entity in Bio(Technological)-Art
Authors: YURTTAŞ Mustafa Kemal
Published: January 2024

The body has always been the subject of discussions whether in ancient, modern or posthuman times. In these discussions, it has been instrumentalized, domesticized, and even cursed or glorified, mostly through the dualisms such as mind/body, soul/body and self/other. Posthuman thought criticizes this dualistic comprehension for the body and proposes a post-dualistic understanding. This post-dualism blurs the distinctions starting from the ones between the human and machine, human and animal for a posthuman body. This study approaches the posthuman body as a post-dualistic entity as well. Through a qualitative research method, the academic literature was reviewed concerning the prominent debates on these issues and discussed the findings with the practical works of art. Primarily, Donna Haraway’s arguments on the body with the notion of cyborg and Katherine N. Hayles’ concept of posthuman were examined for building a basis of the research. At the intersection of these concepts, Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of becoming and becoming-machine notion were explored. Becoming-machine not only relates to Body without Organs (BwO), but also emerges as a developed concept for posthuman in Rosi Braidotti’s texts too. Braidotti interprets this Deleuzian concept in a critical posthuman perspective and proposes a new notion as Organs without Bodies. This concept connects to BwO with its criticism on organism and also benefits from Foucault’s arguments for biopower and biopolitics. So, Braidotti discusses Foucault’s arguments on modernity to develop a criticism on biotechnological capitalism. Therefore, this research aims to discuss these interrelated critical subjects through biotechnological manifestations in contemporary art. In this scope, the purpose of this study is to interpret critical issues on the body from an interdisciplinary point of view and contribute to the academic literature with an alternative discussion mentioning the post-dualistic possibilities of the posthuman body.