bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of exposure to incense smoke associated with impaired lung function and respiratory disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha , Utomo Budi , Dewanti Linda , Lagoa Ricardo , Fauziyah Shifa , Eljatin Dwinka Syafira , Setyawan Muhamad Frendy , Sumah Lesty Helda Marsel , Karina Citra Al
Published: January 2023

Incense (bakhour) is used by the community through ceremonies, traditional health practices, and aromatherapy. Nevertheless, evidence from experiments and studies of populations suggests that a habit of burning incense makes the lungs work less well. The study investigated the relationship between exposure to incense smoke and impaired lung function and respiratory diseases. Data tracing was carried out systematically by following PRISMA guidelines and establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria for filtering, selecting, and including articles registered in the PROSPERO database. This study describes respiratory symptoms/ diseases, home use of incense, and lung function measurement. Six articles were included; 6 articles (100%) reported using incense indoors, and five (83%) reported using incense outside the home. Respiratory symptoms and diseases caused by exposure to incense sticks are 5 (83%) shortness of breath, 6 (100%) wheezing, asthma, and inflammation of the lungs, 2 (33%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 4 (67%) allergic rhinitis. Incense smoke particles decrease lung function based on FVC, FEV, PEFR, and FEF values of 25–75%. The results indicate that smoking incense adversely affects lung function and leads to respiratory diseases. The community and related parties can minimize and conduct education and prevention related to simultaneous incense exposure in the community to reduce the burden of diseases and disorders due to respiratory incense smoke in areas that use it daily.
Observer Effect in Social Media Use
Authors: Saha Koustuv , Gupta Pranshu , Mark Gloria , Kıcıman Emre , De Choudhury Munmun
Published: January 2023

Research has revealed the potential of social media as a source of large-scale, verbal, and naturalistic data for human behavior both in real-time and longitudinally. However, the in-practice utility of social media to assess and support wellbeing will only be realized when we account for extraneous factors. A factor that might confound our ability to make inferences is the phenomenon of the ``observer effect''---that individuals may deviate from their otherwise typical social media use because of the awareness of being monitored. This paper conducts a causal study to measure the observer effect in longitudinal social media use. We operationalized the observer effect in two dimensions of social media (Facebook) use---behavioral and linguistic changes. Participants consented to Facebook data collection over an average retrospective period of 82 months and an average prospective period of 5 months around the enrollment date to our study. We measured how they deviated from their expected social media use after enrollment. We obtained expected use by extrapolating from historical use using time-series (ARIMA) forecasting. We find that the deviation in social media use varies across individuals based on their psychological traits. Individuals with high cognitive ability and low neuroticism immediately decreased posting after enrollment, and those with high openness significantly increased posting. Linguistically, most individuals decreased the use of first-person pronouns, reflecting lowered sharing of intimate and self-attentional content. While some increased posting about public-facing events, others increased posting about family and social gatherings. We validate the observed changes with respect to psychological traits drawing from psychology and behavioral science theories, such as self-monitoring, public self-consciousness, and self-presentation. The findings provide recommendations to correct observer effects in social media data-driven assessments of human behavior.
Mitochondrial dynamics in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus underlie sleep pressure and sleep structure regulation
Authors: Zhao Hui-Ling , Hu Xiao , Kurban Nurhumar , Qin Yu , Chen Xi , Ding Yu-Qi , Liu Xing-Yu , He Jun-Ming , Peng Yu-Shuo , Yang Xin-Di , Cui Su-Ying , Zhang Yong-He
Published: January 2023

Circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis processes regulate sleep and wakefulness in mammals, which are highly interconnected with serotonergic circuits that originate in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Higher serotonin levels during wakefulness may exert “sleep pressure” and lead to sleep onset, but the mechanisms are unclear. Proteomics analysis indicated that mitochondria are key mediators. The present study found that an increase in mitochondrial fission and oxidative phosphorylation/electron transfer capacity were coupled with a reduction of sleep pressure in rats. When mitochondrial fission was moderately inhibited, wake-promoting and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep-enhancing effects were found to result from the activation of serotonergic function. These findings indicate that sleep homeostasis is highly integrated with the mitochondrial dynamic process in the rat DRN. Our findings support a conceptual framework by which mitochondria and energy metabolism in the rat DRN are introduced into the serotonergic modulation of sleep-wake states and provide evidence of sleep evolution from an energy-balance perspective.
Pathways to clean energy transition in Indonesia's electricity sector with OSeMOSYS modelling (Open-Source Energy Modelling System)
Authors: Paiboonsin Pusanisa
Published: January 2023

Responding to the Paris agreement and climate change mitigation, Indonesia aims to reach Net Zero by 2060 or sooner. Due to Indonesia's dependence on coal and growing consumption, alternative sources of clean energy are imperative for meeting its rising energy needs and reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the energy transition. This project aims to examine Indonesia's challenges, opportunities and potential to achieve low carbon ambition in the energy sector and identify alternative pathways for the energy transition in Indonesia. Cost-effective scenarios are developed by the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), providing comprehensive data analysis. OSeMOSYS is a least-cost model that enables long-term energy system modelling and its related intensive analysis. Indonesia energy data and OSeMOSYS input are obtained from an Indonesia starter data kit. In this study, a comparison of electricity generation, technology, investment, and carbon dioxide emissions is made between business-as-usual scenarios and model scenarios. The results show that NZ50 scenario is more cost-effective than others in meeting Indonesia's future energy demand at the lowest implementation cost. Although NZ50 and NZ60 are possible ways to reach carbon neutrality, NZ50 emits fewer CO2 emissions at a similar cost to NZ60. This paper's insights emphasise that large-scale renewable energy deployment and coal retirement are critical pathways to reaching carbon neutrality and achieving the energy mix transition.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN LITERATURE EDUCATION
Authors: Hansen Thomas Illum
Published: January 2023

What does it mean to be inquiry-based and to explore literature in a teaching context? Based on phenomenological and pragmatic traditions, this theory-developing article is based on a perception of literature as an aesthetic exploration of existence, in that the aesthetic design is used to express and articulate ways of sensing, understanding, approaching, existing in, and exploring the world (Ingarden, 1931; Richard, 1964; Poulet, 1969). Therefore, exploring literature has a dual character in an inquiry-based approach to teaching literature. It becomes a pedagogical design for exploration of the aesthetic and existential exploration embedded in literature. This article offers a framework for a phenomenological-hermeneutic inquiry-based approach to literature education substantiated by empirical research (Elf et al., 2017) and elaborated in dialogue with cognitive and socio-cognitive studies (Zwann, 1993; Olson & Land, 2007; McCarthy, 2015). The focal point is a model for scaffolding teachers’ and students' analysis and interpretation of literary texts in order to practice a dialogical and exploratory approach in the classroom. This model will be conceived as theory-driven and empirically derived, as it has been tested in a large-scale RCT-study with positive statistically significant effects on students' competencies to interpret aesthetic texts (N = 86 schools, 265 classes, 5531 students).
The Efficiency of Hard Wood Industry in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aremo Adeoye Moses , Olaniran Anthony Thompson
Published: January 2023

Wood furniture industry is an important manufacturing sector in Nigeria for its significant contributions to the growth of national economy and industrialization as well as livelihood of the furniture makers. Therefore, evaluating efficiency of hard wood industry is important to provide useful information about the business to the furniture makers and to assist the policy makers to design appropriate policies in supporting furniture production in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this research were to describe socio-economic characteristics of furniture makers, estimate efficiency of furniture makers, determine the profitability of furniture production, identify factors influencing efficiency of furniture making and examine the problems associated with furniture makings in the study area. The study adopted a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected from seventy furniture makers through a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis, Cobb Douglas stochastic frontier production function, inefficiency model and relative importance index were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that 75.7% of the respondents obtained some levels of formal education; 4.3% of the furniture makers were single; 71.4% had no access to credit facility; and 7.1% exported their products beyond the boundary of Nigeria. The estimated gross margin and net profit of #7,041,255.09 (US $16,959.52) and #4,261,542.89 (US $10,264.33) respectively revealed that furniture production is profitable. The efficiency results showed that 27% of furniture makers were most technically efficient; 5.7% of them were most allocative efficient; and 10% of them were most economically efficient. Stochastic frontier production function analysis showed that firm size, labour and fixed assets had a positively significant influence on furniture production. The only identified socio-economic characteristics of furniture makers that had significant influence on efficiency of furniture production were educational level, operating experience and reinforcement training in the study area. The two critical constraints facing furniture making in the ranking scale were fluctuation of wood price and inadequacy of funds.
Factors affecting the performance of household rainwater harvesting systems in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh Shimul , Ahmed Tanvir
Published: January 2023

This study aims to evaluate the post-installation performance of household (HH) rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. A conceptual framework for evaluating the effectiveness of RWH systems was developed based on seven determinants. An application of multivariable logistic regression showed that family size, monthly income, the practice of tank and downpipe cleaning, and the organizations supporting the installation were the most significant parameters (p< 0.05) affecting the effectiveness of the RWH systems. A family size of 1–4 has higher odds of having a properly functioning system (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 28.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.8–167.7) than a family of 9 or more. The practice of tank cleaning once per year (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.2–9.1) and downpipe cleaning more than 3 times/year (AOR = 9.7; 95% CI = 1.5–62.5) had higher odds than HHs practicing no cleaning at all. RWH systems installed by institutions other than the Department of Public Health Engineering, and NGOs had higher odds (AOR = 22.0; 95% CI = 2.3–213.0) compared to systems installed on their own. This study provides clues to strengthening the existing RWHS intervention programs in the water-challenged regions of Bangladesh.
Availability and accessibility of toilet facilities among low-income households in selected settlements of Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Kipkoech Rogers , Takase Mohammed , Aliyu Aminu , Kibet Joy , Mugah Faith
Published: January 2023

Cape Coast Metropolis faces a serious lack of adequate toilet facilities among the low-income households, leading to poor sanitation, health, and environmental degradation. The research explored and provided valuable data on the availability and accessibility of toilet facilities among low-income households. Using a simple random sampling technique,100 closed-ended questionnaires were equally administered to respondents in four Cape Coast Metropolis communities. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the types of toilet facilities available, identify the accessibility of toilet facilities, and ascertain challenges in providing toilet facilities. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between income source and toilet facilities in the households. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. The findings were presented in form of tables and figures. The results reveal a significant lack of toilet facilities among the residents. Regarding the level of accessibility, most adults (79%) and children (72%) used household toilet facilities for defecation, while 14% of adults and 16% of children in the household were using toilet facilities outside the household. Open defecation near the house was more prevalent among the children (11%) than adults (6%) which shows unwillingness by most families to invest in improve toilet facilities.
Bedaquiline’s Safety Profile Monitoring in India: Considerations for
Future - A Systematic Review
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Velmurugan Hemasri , Yella Sree Sudha Tanguturi
Published: January 2023

Background:

Tuberculosis is still one of the top causes of infection-related death globally.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis has a high mortality rate and is still a serious public health concern
around the world. The appearance of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains
of tuberculosis has increased the need for new therapeutic options against these strains. Most of the
drugs used to treat them have been poorly tested and have serious negative effects. Patients with
drug-resistant tuberculosis have been fighting for access to experimental medications, particularly
bedaquiline.

Objective:

The study aimed to summarise the existing evidence of bedaquiline's safety on drugresistant
tuberculosis treatment outcome and look for bedaquiline-related adverse drug reactions in
the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India and World Health Organisation - Uppsala Monitoring
Centre database.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies on the safety profile of bedaquiline
used in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis and bedaquiline-related adverse drug reactions
in the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India and World Health Organisation - Uppsala
Monitoring Centre database published up to April 25, 2022.

Results:

A total of 190 abstracts were identified through the Pubmed database. In a list of 157 fulltext
eligible articles assessed, 149 were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The
complete articles of the remaining 8 studies were further evaluated. There were 4 prospective
cohorts, 2 retrospective cohorts, and 2 case series.

Conclusion:

Pharmacovigilance and medication safety monitoring of newer treatments, like bedaquiline,
are critical for enhancing treatment support and adherence, especially among drugresistant
tuberculosis patients.
Future Perspectives of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their
Soluble Factors in Radioprotection
Authors: Maurya Dharmendra Kumar , Sandur Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2023

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is also known as triple syndrome, which develops after
whole-body radiation exposure. During unforeseen exposures, these syndromes are set in depending on
the dose of radiation. Cell-based therapy, especially using stem cells and their soluble factors, is gaining
wide attention in the field of regenerative medicine to treat various diseases, including degenerative diseases.
Stem cells attract prime attention because of their profound inherent tissue repair capability and
regeneration potential. Further, stem cell therapy can be one of the promising strategies for the amelioration
of ARS because of its ability to lodge in damaged tissue and release regenerative cytokines by sensing
the local injury. In this regard, human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs)
have gained substantial attention for their applications in the treatment of various human diseases due to
several advantages offered by them. This article is intended to provide future perspective on the use of
WJ-MSCs for the management of accidental radiation injury in pre-clinical models, and finally, their
utility in regeneration of damaged tissues and organs.
Psychrophiles
Authors: Abbasi Mazharul
Published: January 2023

Psychrophiles can be defined as the members of the kingdom Monera thriving permanently at the lowest temperature range. Since the majority of our planet is generally cold, psychrophiles are common within a wide range of habitats. Extensive research in the field of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics revealed that psychrophiles are endowed with several adaptive features to survive and grow in their cold habitat. Several adaptations in different cellular entities, such as cell envelopes, enzymes, chaperones; protein synthesis machinery, energy generating system, and metabolic pathways have been reported. All these modifications in psychrophiles are found to be indispensable to withstand these harsh environmental challenges. The chapter focuses on the current state of knowledge for understanding the biodiversity and mechanism of low-temperature adaptation of psychrophilic microorganisms. Furthermore, the modified biomolecules in psychrophiles, mainly enzymes and reserved materials, with distinct features, were found to be useful for several applications including molecular biology research, bioremediation, detergent formulations, and the food industry. The biotechnological and industrial significance of the psychrophiles is also discussed in this chapter. 
Alkaliphiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications
Authors: Mandal Supriya , Jibran Jawed Junaid
Published: January 2023

Alkaliphiles are some of the major extremophiles which occupy a certain
niche of the globe where the pH values are usually two unit higher that the neutrality.
Although abundantly found in rare geographical regions, these organisms are of
immense importance in terms of their enzymatic activities which enable them to be
functional under extreme alkaline conditions and therefore have numerous industrial
and biotechnological applications. Their unique mode of adaptation and exclusive
ability of resource utilisation make their existence interesting for biotechnological
research. The study of alkaliphiles revealed the potential of these microorganisms in
the bioremediation of the soda lake, their efficiency to degrade complex organic
compounds and a certain class of antibiotics produced by them are of immense
importance for the pharmaceutical industries. Recent advancements in genetic studies
and recombinant DNA technology allowed the understanding of their genetic
modifications which are unique to their taxa and helped researchers to utilise their
coding sequence for isolation and purification of commercially important alkaline
active enzymes. Despite all the beneficial effects, the isolation, culturing and study of
alkaliphiles are among the most challenging tasks and matters of continuous research.
This chapter will elaborate on the existence of some important alkaliphilic bacteria in
the rare alkaline region of the globe, the diversities among them, their metabolic
activities, unique adaptation and modifications in their structural and genomic profile
and also summarises the commercially important product isolated from them. 
Halophilic Microorganisms: Diversity, Adaptation and Application
Authors: Dam Bomba , Pal Srikanta , Sar Abhijit , Mukherjee Puja
Published: January 2023

Saline environments are one of the most common extreme habitats prevalent in this universe. They are of two primary types, ‘thalassohaline’ those which arose from seawater, with NaCl as the dominant salt; and ‘athalassohaline’ of non-seawater origin with different ionic compositions. Organisms from all domains of life have adapted themselves to thrive in environments with salinities ranging from normal to the saturation level. In particular, halophilic microorganisms have developed several adaptive mechanisms to cope up with osmotic stress. While halotolerant or moderate halophiles use efflux pumps, or accumulate neutral compatible solutes in the cytoplasm; extreme halophilic microorganisms accumulate potassium ions, a strategy called ‘salting-in’ to match the high ionic composition in the external environment. The later predominantly includes archaeal members, except the bacterium, Salinibacter ruber. The general adaptive features of halophilic microorganisms also help them to thrive under, and overcome other stressed conditions such as resisting antibiotics, heavy metals and ionic liquids. These microorganisms have wide physiological diversities and include members of oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs, aerobic heterotrophs, and those capable of diverse anaerobic respiratory metabolisms. Nanomicroorganisms are also reported from saline environments. Their great metabolic versatility, low nutritional requirements, and adaptation machineries, make them promising candidates for several biotechnological applications such as production of pigments, biopolymers, compatible solutes, and salt tolerant hydrolytic enzymes. They are also used in bioremediation, food preservation, and preparation of specialized fermented foods. Understanding the halophiles also paves way for astrobiological research. This book chapter summarizes the present understanding of the diversity, adaptation, and application of halophilic microorganisms.
Xerophiles
Authors: Mitra Aranya , Banik Avishek
Published: January 2023

Water is one of the most important substances that are essential for the activity of cellular micromodule and housekeeping functions of a microorganism. However, some microorganisms, known as xerophiles, have adapted to their niche and evolved to utilize very less amount of water. Xerophiles are a group of extremophiles, that can grow and proliferate in the presence of very limited water, as low as water activity (aw) of 0.8. The term xerophiles is derived from the Greek words “xēros” which means “dry”, and “philos” meaning “lovers”, indicating their affinity to grow in low aw. The existence of xerophiles is reported from the arid deserts, food spoilage, and highly saline environments, to meteorites and asteroids. Due to the habitation of these organisms in diverse extreme environments, they possess behavioral, physiological, metabolic, and molecular adaptations to survive in those atmospheres. In this chapter, we have discussed diversity and different adaptative mechanisms of xerophiles.
Стимулированная эмиссия в сильно легированных Al-=SUB=-0.68-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-0.32-=/SUB=-N : Si-структурах с поперечной оптической накачкой при комнатной температуре
Authors: Бохан П.А. , Журавлев К.С. , Закревский Д.Э. , Малин Т.В. , Осинных И.В. , Фатеев Н.В.
Published: January 2023

The broadband stimulated emission in the spectral range λ = 380−700 nm with the inhomogeneous broadening has been experimentally obtined in the heavily doped Al0.68Ga0.32N : Si
structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The behavior of the intensities and spectra of stimulated emission from the edge of the active element with transverse pulsed pumping by radiation with λ = 266 nm, measured at room temperature, demonstrate the threshold behavior and optical gain. For stimulated emission with a maximum at λ = 500 nm, the minimum threshold pump power density was 6.5 kW/cm2
for excited region length of 1.5 mm. The parameters and contributions of the two main processes e − A
and D − A of radiative recombination in the excited structures for stimulated emission and optical gain are studied.
Связь длины волны и усиления в лазерах на квантовых ямах, точках и яма-точках
Authors: Корнышов Г.О. , Гордеев Н.Ю. , Шерняков Ю.М. , Бекман А.А. , Паюсов А.С. , Минтаиров С.А. , Калюжный Н.А. , Максимов М.В.
Published: January 2023

A systematic study of a series of InGaAs/GaAs lasers in the 1−1.3 µm optical range based on quantum wells (2D), quantum dots (0D), and quantum well-dots of transitional(0D/2D) dimensionality is presented. In a wide range of pump currents, the dependences of the lasing wavelength on the layer gain constant,
a parameter which allows comparing lasers with different types of active region and various waveguide designs, are measured and analyzed. It is shown that the maximum optical gain of the quantum well-dots is significantly higher, and the range of lasing rawavelengths achievable in edge-emitting lasers without external resonators is wider than in lasers based on quantum wells and quantum dots.
Экспериментальное изучение дрейфового движения молекул SF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- под действием излучения CO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--лазера
Authors: Воскобоев А.А. , Кузьменко В.А. , Межевов В.С. , Саутин А.Р.
Published: January 2023

Experiments were continued to study the physical nature of the drift motion of SF6 molecules under the action of radiation from a repetitively pulsed CO2-laser. To explain the physical nature of the effect, such phenomena as a change in the transport cross-section during laser excitation of molecules, the phenomenon of optical tweezers, thermal diffusion are considered. However, the most reasonable physical explanation of the nature of this effect is the fractionation of a gas mixture as a result of gas dynamic diffusion at the front of a cyclically expanding gas (a variant of barodiffusion).
Быстродействующий двухканальный анализатор оптически плотных выбросов аэрозолей на основе диодных оптопар с длиной волны 0.65 и 3.4 микрона
Authors: Загнитько А.В. , Пименов В.В. , Сальников С.Е. , Федин Д.Ю. , Алексеев В.И. , Мацуков И.Д. , Вельмакин С.М. , Зарецкий Н.П. , Черненко Е.В.
Published: January 2023

A two-channel analyzer of optically dense flammable aerosol fluxes based on two parallel diode optocouplers with a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation λ = 0.65 and 3.4 μm, a speed of τ ≤ 0.05 s and the transmission of digitized data to a server up to 1200 m away via the RS-485 interface has been developed. Its design and characteristics in the process of detecting particle streams with a diameter of 0.2 to 5000 μm with an optical density of D ≤ 3.5 are described. It is shown that the values of the ratio of wave attenuation coefficients with λ = 0.65 and 3.4 μm to the droplet size calculated on the basis of the theory of radiation scattering Mi are consistent with the experimental ones. The created aerosol analyzer can be used in the express analysis of technogenic airborne emissions of fuel liquids and for the development of large-scale generators of explosive type when creating pulse barriers from clouds of finely dispersed aerosol in the atmosphere.
Теория квазистатического магнитоэлектрического взаимодействия в трехслойных асимметричных пьезомагнитострикционных структурах
Authors: Филиппов Д.А. , Галкина Т.А. , Маничева И.Н.
Published: January 2023

The work is devoted to the theoretical investigation of the quasi-static magnetoelectric interaction in three-layer structures consisting of a piezoelectric and two magnetic layers with positive and negative magnetostriction. Using the system of elasto- and electrostatics equations for the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases, expressions for the electrical response of the structure in a magnetic field are obtained. The contributions from longitudinal and bending deformations are taken into account in value of ME interactions. It is shown that the use of an asymmetric three-layer asymmetric structure leads to an increase in the magnitude of the ME interaction by almost an order of magnitude compared to a two-layer structure. The dependences of the effect magnitude on the thickness of the third layer for the nickel/lead zirconate titanate/metglas structure are presented.
Влияние сверхвысокочастотного электромагнитного поля на межслоевую прочность в отвержденных полимерных композиционных материалах
Authors: Злобина И.В. , Бекренев Н.В. , Егоров А.С. , Кузнецов Д.И.
Published: January 2023

It has been established that exposure to a microwave electromagnetic field with an energy flux density that is rational for each type of composite (carbon-, glass-, organoplastic) contributes to an increase in the specific work of delamination by 18.6 %, 12 % and 20 %, respectively, which satisfactorily correlates with an increase in strength of these materials under three-point bending and interlaminar shear.
Влияние условий синтеза на структурные, оптические и электрофизические свойства нанокомпозитов TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Cu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O
Authors: Мартышов М.Н. , Павликов А.В. , Кытина Е.В. , Пинчук О.В. , Савчук Т.П. , Константинова Е.А. , Зайцев В.Б. , Кашкаров П.К.
Published: January 2023

Nanocomposites based on anodic titanium oxide nanotubes with copper oxide nanoparticles were formed and their structural, optical, and electrophysical properties were studied. Defects in the structure of the samples were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance and it was shown that, as a result of copper oxide deposition, CuO nanoparticles were formed on the surface of nanotubes. It was found that the conductivity of the structure decreases by several orders of magnitude with an increase in the number of deposition cycles. It was shown that this effect could be associated with the formation of TiO2 /CuO heterojunctions on the nanotube surface. It was shown for the first time that an increase in the content of copper oxide in TiO2/CuxO nanocomposites was accompanied by a decrease in conductivity and an increase in the number of defects.
Синтез массивов наноструктурированных пористых кремниевых стержней в кремнии электронного типа электропроводности с кристаллографической ориентацией (111)
Authors: Гагарина А.Ю. , Богословская Л.С. , Спивак Ю.М. , Новикова К.Н. , Кузнецов А. , Мошников В.А.
Published: January 2023

The method of modified metal-assisted electrochemical etching was proposed and arrays of nanostructured porous silicon wires on n-type monocrystalline silicon substrate with crystallographic orientation (111) were obtained. The influence of the electrolyte composition at the second stage of obtaining on the morphology of silicon wires by scanning electron microscopy methods was revealed. The phase composition of porous silicon wires was controlled by Raman spectroscopy.
Физические процессы в датчике низкого вакуума типа Пирани
Authors: Рутьков Е.В. , Беляева О.А. , Галль Н.Р.
Published: January 2023

Auger electron spectroscopy and thermoresistive methods are used to study the physical processes leading to gas cooling of heated molybdenum filaments in a wide temperature range of 350 - 1300 K and pressures of 760 - 10-3 Torr, corresponding to the operating range of a Pirani-type vacuum sensor. Nitrogen was used as the gas. It is shown that nitrogen atoms chemisorbed on the surface do not contribute to gas cooling, which occurs only due to physisorbed N2 molecules. In the intermediate vacuum region of 10-3 – 1 Torr, the heater is cooled due to the equilibrium between the flux of incident and thermally desorbed molecules, which is well described by the Hertz-Knudsen formula and first-order desorption with an activation energy of ~ 0.55 eV. On the contrary, at high pressures close to atmospheric, this cooling occurs due to the thermal desorption of gas molecules from an almost filled monolayer, which reduces its relative efficiency by many orders of magnitude.
Improving Confidence in Dementia Care by Helping Care Staff Articulate Skills They Already Possess: The Value of the Communication and Interaction Training (CAIT) Programme
Authors: Reichelt Katharina , James Ewan , Thompson Daniel , Tanney Shaun
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the findings from a training programme called ‘Communication and Interaction Training’ (CAIT). CAIT was designed to improve the confidence of carers in their use of communication skills with people living with dementia, particularly when managing behavioural agitation. This pre/post assessment study employed a mixed design, and showed positive effects in terms of quantitative and qualitative features. The participants were mainly from a specialist team who were experienced in managing episodes of agitation in care home settings. Twenty-three staff were assessed on the Confidence in Dementia Scale (CODE), which is a measure for assessing carers’ confidence in communicating with people living with dementia. The findings showed increased levels of confidence in communicating and interacting with people with dementia following the training. The qualitative findings showed improvements in participants’ abilities to articulate their communication strategies (i.e. higher degrees of specificity in their communication skills), indicative of improved dementia ‘literacy’ regarding their interventions. As a consequence of such improvements, it is suggested that greater confidence and literacy would lead to the delivery of better care due to enhanced self-awareness of good practices, and enhanced communication skills both within the staff group and between staff and residents.
GC-MS (Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy) analysis of methanol leaf extract of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. of District Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Prakash Ved
Published: January 2023

Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites or chemical constituents with interesting biological activities. Therefore, a thorough validation of the herbal agents has emerged as a new branch of science emphasizing and prioritizing the standardization of the natural drugs and products because several of these phytochemicals have complementary and overlapping mechanism of action. Mass spectrometry coupled with chromatographic separations such as Gas chromatography (GC-MS) is generally used for direct analysis of components existing in traditional medicines and medicinal plants. Gas chromatography separates the components of the mixture and mass spectroscopy analyses each of these components separately. In recent years, GC-MS studies have been increasingly applied for the analysis of medicinal plants as this technique has proved to be a valuable method for the analysis of non-polar components, volatile essential oils, fatty acids, lipids, alkaloids etc. The present study was aimed to find out the bioactive compounds present in methanol extract of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. by using Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy. GC-MS chromatogram showed 10 peaks indicating the presence of ten phytochemical constituents in this plant. The results revealed Limonene (18.48%), Caryophyllene (13.01%), 3-Heptanoicacid methyl ester (11.00%) and Phenol, 2-(2-methyl-2-propenyl) (5.52%) as the major components in the methanol extract. The results support the use of R. arboreum in traditional medicines for controlling bacterial, degenerative and other diseases. Thus, the present study approves the medicinal value of this plant and scientifically validates it for use as a component of medicinal preparations.

Keywords: Rhododendron arboreum, methanol, leaf extract, phytochemicals, Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)
Attitude of doctors regarding Breaking Bad News to patients in Iraq
Authors: Juwameer Khairo Al-khashmani Ahmed , Hamad Mohammed Al-Sabaawi Wafaa , Mohammed Ibraheem Nisreen
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To assess the attitude of doctors with regard delivering bad news to patients and breaking bad news protocols.

Methods: This is a cross sectional (descriptive study) done in Iraq from first of November 2020 to end of May 2021 involved 500 doctors ( periodic resident, senior resident, general practitioner and specialist doctors in different specialties ) working in different hospitals, primary health care centers and private clinics in Iraq, they are selected randomly. A self – administered questionnaire design in addition to online data collection, by using modified questionnaire and link sent to different online ways (whats app, viber, facebook, telegram ).

Results: Out of 500 respondents doctors there were 329 (65.8%) females, 171 (34.2%) males. Regarding to attitude of doctors in breaking bad news 268 (53.6%) of doctors were need a structured protocol in breaking bad news and 280 (56%) doctors need training for breaking bad news. The SPIKES protocol is the most preferred protocol by doctors about (75.6%).

Conclusion: High percentage of  participants doctors(63%) did not know any protocol in breaking bad news and about (43%) of them rated themselves had good ability in delivering bad news. The SPIKES protocol is the preferred protocol by doctors.
Trends and features of the informatization of higher education modern stage
Authors: Levitsky Mikhail L. , Grinshkun Vadim V. , Zaslavskaya Olga Yu.
Published: January 2023

Problem statement. Nowadays, people are increasingly talking not about the progressive development of higher education in the context of the use of digital technologies, but about its more drastic digital transformation. The problem of identifying and systematizing patterns characterizing the development of universities in the context of the mass introduction of new digital technologies, as well as changes in external influences on student training systems, is urgent. The solution of this problem is significant for determining further scientific and pedagogical research, as well as ways to develop teacher training systems. The purpose of the study is to identify on the basis of domestic and foreign analytical data (OECD, UNESCO and others) directions, characteristics, problems and prospects of informatization of higher education. Methodology. The analysis of scientific publications on the development of didactics and the use of modern teaching tools in universities is based on the study of the species composition and specifics of existing digital resources, the use of mathematical methods for processing numerical data and technologies for their visualization. Results. It is shown that modern informatization of higher education is characterized by the spread of online courses, collections of digital resources, a decrease in the number of computer equipment in universities, the penetration of technologies of the new industrial revolution and many other factors. The development of a fundamental component of higher education that is invariant with respect to the development of technologies, the preparation of students for the use of promising technologies in professional activities, the pooling of resources into a single digital educational environment are significant. Conclusion. Research should be continued to ensure and evaluate the quality of all types of learning tools, to identify theoretical and practical approaches to the integration and unification of disparate information systems. There is a need for a scientifically based substantive and methodological update of the systems of training and retraining of all specialists working in the conditions of digital transformation of higher education.
Question and criterion method for assessing the quality of the organization’s digital educational environment
Authors: Pak Nikolay I. , Syromyatnikov Alexey A.
Published: January 2023

It is of interest to create a technological, accessible and convenient method for evaluating multi-component and multi-dimensional educational systems, with the maximum share of automation and intellectualization of all related events. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the question and criterion method for assessing the quality of the digital educational environment of an organization based on mathematical methods of the theory of clustering and pattern recognition (using the example of monitoring the development of the digital educational environment of additional education practices for children). Methodology. The quality of educational systems or resources can be assessed using their inherent criteria, presented in the form of an information vector. The current values of these indicators determine the rating of a given system in a set of similar systems, and the dynamics of their changes over time shows the degree of development of each criterion sign. Monitoring sheets describing each system with an information vector represent a plurality of objects that can be clustered into certain classes. From a mathematical point of view, it is convenient to divide such systems into classes using a mining algorithm, and to take the metric of city blocks as a measure of the similarity of objects. Results. Monitoring of the organization's digital educational environment is carried out according to the functional characteristics of the environment based on the assessment of the organization's official website. According to the pyramid method, a question tree was developed on the functional components of the digital educational environment of additional education practices for children, according to which an information vector of the environment was formed, the values of which were determined by experts. Assessment of sites is carried out according to expert estimates in the automated system of competitive procedures “ASCO.” Conclusion. The proposed method allows monitoring the digital educational environment of an organization using mathematical methods of clustering theory and pattern recognition.
The features of game mechanics use in teaching computer science for the development of creative thinking of students
Authors: Mikhlyakova Elena A. , Starkova Ekaterina K. , Batakova Evgeniy L.
Published: January 2023

Problem statement. One of the priority tasks of modern society is the creation of conditions conducive to the upbringing and development of a creative personality. The computer science course has a didactic potential in terms of the formation of initiative, independence, imagination, the ability to set and solve problems. The presented study aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of game mechanics use in teaching computer science to solve the problem associated with the need to develop the creative thinking of students. Methodology . The mechanics “Achievement,” “Reckoning on trust,” “Fun once - always fun,” “User progress” are implemented with game elements and methods in the study of theoretical computer science. Resources of digital services (interactive whiteboards, random selection generators) are used for gamification. The base of the experiment is a secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects in the Stulovo village (Slobodskoy district, Kirov region). The study covered 74 students of the seventh grade (64% - girls and 36% - boys). The average age of the respondents is 13 years. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results. During the game, students study theoretical material, solve a system of creative and non-standard tasks on the topic “Measurement of information.” For each game mechanic, a goal, tasks, sets of rules and restrictions are defined. Statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that have taken place in the system according to the levels of development of creative thinking are identified. Conclusion . The features of the presented version of the application of game mechanics in teaching computer science in terms of the development of creative thinking are described: taking into account the age characteristics of students when formulating message texts, inclusion of digital services, combination of oral and written speech with interaction on a computer network.
Formation and development of lexical skills using LMS Moodle when teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic higher education institution
Authors: Khudolei Natalia V.
Published: January 2023

Problem statement. The author shares her experience in the development, creation and implementation of interactive tasks and exercises in electronic courses created using LMS Moodle for the formation and development of lexical skills in students of a non-linguistic university. Methodology. The features of the LMS Moodle tools Glossary , Hyperlink , Page , Quiz , Hot Pot and their high potential to create interactive lexical tasks and exercises are considered and analyzed. Results. A lot of examples of online tasks and exercises of various types - differentiation, transformation, repetition, substitution and constructive - to form the lexical skills of students are given, and their detailed analysis is provided. The algorithms for introducing various interactive tasks and exercises into the LMS Moodle electronic course are shown in detail. Conclusion. The author concludes that it is expedient and effective to use online tasks and exercises in order to form and develop lexical skills for students of universities and other educational institutions.
Integration of multi-modal proximal remote sensing data for improved prediction of agronomically important crop traits
Authors: Farmer Erin , Yan Ruyu , Michael Peter , Lepak Nick , Romay Cinta , Buckler Ed , Snavely Noah , Sun Ying , Robbins Kelly , Gage Joe , Davis Abe , Gore Michael
Published: January 2023

Recent advancements in proximal remote sensing have increased the
spatial and temporal resolution of data collection, as well as the
availability of these technologies for applications to precision
agriculture. These sensors have allowed the collection of new and large
quantities of data, which have been used to successfully determine
phenotypes and parametrize crop growth models. So far, these data
streams have been mostly used separately, though they contain unique
structural, spatial, and spectral information. Thus, this research aims
to integrate these disparate data sources to improve estimations of
agronomically important crop traits. In this study, we examine two
high-throughput and relatively inexpensive remote platforms: unoccupied
ground vehicles (UGV) and unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAV). Data were
collected on maize hybrids from the Genomes to Fields initiative over 5
years, from 2018 to 2022, in Aurora, NY. We used ground rovers to
collect lidar scans, which were converted to point clouds, to construct
the three-dimensional sub-canopy architecture of maize plants.
Multispectral sensors, covering red, green, blue, red-edge, and near
infrared (NIR) were deployed on a UAV platform to characterize maize
canopies. Machine learning methods, including autoencoders, will be used
to extract latent phenotypes from the lidar point clouds and
multispectral images. Ultimately, these will be used to predict manually
measured traits, such as yield, in order to compare the prediction
accuracies of models using these measurements separately and jointly.
Ferroptosis in female reproductive diseases: from potential pathogenesis to therapy
Authors: Zhang Jieru , Chen Guanru , Zhang Mengqing , Wang Juan , Xing Qiong , Zhang Wenxiang , He Xiaojin , Xu Yuping , Cao Yunxia , Wang Tianjuan
Published: January 2023

Ferroptosis, a cohering network integrating iron, amino acids, lipids,
and redox chemicals together，is a unique regulated cell death (RCD).
Iron overload, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid
peroxidation all contribute to the onset of ferroptosis. In recent
years, a growing body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis is
associated with some female reproductive diseases. The purpose of our
review is to give a brief description of ferroptosis activation
mechanism and relationship to female reproductive diseases including
infertility, pregnancy associated diseases and ovarian cancer.