bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Multi-Material Reconstruction via Iterative Proximal Adaptive Descent for Spectral CT Imaging
Authors: Yu Xiaohuan , Cai Ailong , Liang Ningning , Wang Shaoyu , Zheng Zhizhong , Li Lei , Yan Bin
Published: April 2023

Spectral computed tomography (spectral CT) is a promising medical imaging technology because of its ability to provide information on material characterization and quantification. However, with an increasing number of basis materials, the nonlinearity of measurements causes difficulty in decomposition. In addition, noise amplification and beam hardening further reduce image quality. Thus, improving the accuracy of material decomposition while suppressing noise is pivotal for spectral CT imaging. This paper proposes a one-step multi-material reconstruction model as well as an iterative proximal adaptive decent method. In this approach, a proximal step and a descent step with adaptive step size are designed under the forward–backward splitting framework. The convergence analysis of the algorithm is further discussed according to the convexity of the optimization objective function. For simulation experiments with different noise levels, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained by the proposed method increases approximately 23 dB, 14 dB, and 4 dB compared to those of other algorithms. Magnified areas of thorax data further demonstrated that the proposed method has a better ability to preserve details in tissues, bones, and lungs. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed method efficiently reconstructed the material maps, and reduced noise and beam hardening artifacts compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
PSMA Expression Correlates with Improved Overall Survival and VEGF Expression in Glioblastoma
Authors: Yuile Alexander , Lee Adrian , Moon Elizabeth A. , Hudson Amanda , Kastelan Marina , Miller Samuel , Chan David , Wei Joe , Back Michael F. , Wheeler Helen R.
Published: April 2023

Background: Glioblastomas are the most common and fatal primary brain malignancy in adults. There is a growing interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms of these tumors to develop novel treatments. Glioblastoma neo-angiogenesis is driven by VEGF, and another potential molecule linked to angiogenesis is PSMA. Our study suggests the potential for an association between PSMA and VEGF expression in glioblastoma neo-vasculature. Methods: Archived IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas were accessed; demographic and clinical outcomes were recorded. PSMA and VEGF expression by IHC were examined. Patients were dichotomized into PSMA expression high (3+) and low (0–2+) groups. The association between PSMA and VEGF expression was evaluated using Chi2 analysis. OS in PSMA high and low expression groups were compared using multi-linear regression. Results: In total, 247 patients with IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma with archival tumor samples (between 2009–2014) were examined. PSMA expression correlated positively with VEGF expression (p = 0.01). We detected a significant difference in median OS between PSMA vascular endothelial expression high and low groups—16.1 and 10.8 months, respectively (p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found a potential positive correlation between PSMA and VEGF expression. Secondly, we showed a potential positive correlation between PSMA expression and overall survival.
Maternal Plasma RNA in First Trimester Nullipara for the Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth ≤ 32 Weeks: Validation Study
Authors: Weiner Carl P. , Zhou Helen , Cuckle Howard , Syngelaki Argyro , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Weiss Mark L. , Dong Yafeng
Published: April 2023

The first-trimester prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has been elusive, and current screening is heavily dependent on obstetric history. However, nullipara lack a relevant history and are at higher risk for spontaneous (s)PTB ≤ 32 weeks compared to multipara. No available objective first-trimester screening test has proven a fair predictor of sPTB ≤ 32 weeks. We questioned whether a panel of maternal plasma cell-free (PCF) RNAs (PSME2, NAMPT, APOA1, APOA4, and Hsa-Let-7g) previously validated at 16–20 weeks for the prediction of sPTB ≤ 32 weeks might be useful in first-trimester nullipara. Sixty (60) nulliparous women (40 with sPTB ≤ 32 weeks) who were free of comorbidities were randomly selected from the King’s College Fetal Medicine Research Institute biobank. Total PCF RNA was extracted and the expression of panel RNAs was quantitated by qRT-PCR. The analysis employed, primarily, multiple regression with the main outcome being the prediction of subsequent sPTB ≤ 32 weeks. The test performance was judged by the area under the curve (AUC) using a single threshold cut point with observed detection rates (DRs) at three fixed false positive rates (FPR). The mean gestation was 12.9 ± 0.5 weeks (range 12.0–14.1 weeks). Two RNAs were differentially expressed in women destined for sPTB ≤ 32 weeks: APOA1 (p < 0.001) and PSME2 (p = 0.05). APOA1 testing at 11–14 weeks predicted sPTB ≤ 32 weeks with fair to good accuracy. The best predictive model generated an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.91) with observed DRs of 41%, 61%, and 79% for FPRs of 10%, 20%, and 30%, including crown–rump length, maternal weight, race, tobacco use, and age.
Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Barker Sarah , Paul Bindu , Pieper Andrew
Published: April 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently suffer from chronically progressive complications, including significantly increased risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease. As advances in neurocritical care increase the number of TBI survivors, the impact and awareness of this problem are growing. The mechanisms by which TBI increases the risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease, however, are not completely understood. As a result, there are no protective treatments for patients. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the epidemiology and potential mechanistic relationships between brain injury and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition to increasing the risk for developing all forms of dementia, the most prominent aging-related neurodegenerative conditions that are accelerated by TBI are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with ALS and FTD being the least well-established. Mechanistic links between TBI and all forms of dementia that are reviewed include oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation. Disease-specific mechanistic links with TBI that are reviewed include TAR DNA binding protein 43 and motor cortex lesions in ALS and FTD; alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic cell death, and synergistic toxin exposure in PD; and brain insulin resistance, amyloid beta pathology, and tau pathology in AD. While compelling mechanistic links have been identified, significantly expanded investigation in the field is needed to develop therapies to protect TBI survivors from the increased risk of aging-related neurodegenerative disease.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Left Atrial Remodeling: A Novel Insight?
Authors: Radu Andrei , Zlibut Alexandru , Scarlatescu Alina , Cojocaru Cosmin , Bogdan Stefan , Scafa-Udriște Alexandru , Dorobantu Maria
Published: April 2023

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) restores ventricular dyssynchrony, improving left ventricle (LV) systolic function, symptoms, and outcome in patients with heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and prolonged QRS interval. The left atrium (LA) plays tremendous roles in maintaining cardiac function, being often inflicted in various cardiovascular diseases. LA remodeling implies structural—dilation, functional—altered phasic functions, and strain and electrical—atrial fibrillation remodeling. Until now, several important studies have approached the relationship between LA and CRT. LA volumes can predict responsiveness to CRT, being also associated with improved outcome in these patients. LA function and strain parameters have been shown to improve after CRT, especially in those who were positive responders to it. Further studies still need to be conducted to comprehensively characterize the impact of CRT on LA phasic function and strain, and, also, in conjunction with its impact on functional mitral regurgitation and LV diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of current available data regarding the relation between CRT and LA remodeling.
Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn
Authors: Wöltje Michael , Künzelmann Liesa , Belgücan Basak , Croft Andreas S. , Voumard Benjamin , Bracher Stefan , Zysset Philippe , Gantenbein Benjamin , Cherif Chokri , Aibibu Dilbar
Published: April 2023

Low back pain is often due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD). It is one of the most common age- and work-related problems in today’s society. Current treatments are not able to efficiently restore the full function of the IVD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to reconstruct the two parts of the intervertebral disc—the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP)—in such a way that the natural structural features were mimicked by a textile design. Silk was selected as the biomaterial for realization of a textile IVD because of its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, high strength, stiffness, and toughness, both in tension and compression. Therefore, an embroidered structure made of silk yarn was developed that reproduces the alternating fiber structure of +30° and −30° fiber orientation found in the AF and mimics its lamellar structure. The developed embroidered ribbons showed a tensile strength that corresponded to that of the natural AF. Fiber additive manufacturing with 1 mm silk staple fibers was used to replicate the fiber network of the NP and generate an open porous textile 3D structure that may serve as a reinforcement structure for the gel-like NP.
Blunted Cardiovascular Reactivity Predicts Worse Performance in Working Memory Tasks
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Brynja Björk , Gylfason Haukur Freyr , Jóhannsdóttir Kamilla Rún
Published: April 2023

When we experience psychological challenges in the environment, our heart rate usually rises to make us more able to solve the task, but there is an individual difference in cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Extreme CVR to environmental demands has been associated with worse health outcomes, with blunted CVR (little or no rise in heart rate) related to maladaptive behavior, including depression. The blunted CVR has been explained by motivational disengagement, which involves giving up on a task when facing obstacles. Disengagement is thought to be a habitual response that people might not be aware of, and, therefore, objective measures such as test performance might serve as a good measure of engagement. In this study, 66 participants solved different cognitive tasks while their CVR was measured. The aim was to test the association between test performance and reactivity, measured with the difference in heart rate at baseline and the mean heart rate while solving the tasks. Our results show a significant association between reactivity scores and performance in all tests, of various difficulty, indicating that blunted cardiovascular reactivity predicts poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, we find an association between reactivity in one test and the performance in the other tests, suggesting that disengagement from environmental demands can be more general and not depend on the task at hand. The results, therefore, support earlier research suggesting that blunted CVR is associated with worse cognitive performance, and extends the literature by indicating that disengagement could be a more general maladaptive response to the environment.
Experimental Study on Long-Term Performance of Concrete T-Beam
Authors: Zhang Jinquan , Fan Ping , Cheng Shoushan
Published: April 2023

In recent years, long-span concrete bridges that have been built frequently expose the problems of excessive deflection and concrete cracking, which even lead to bridge collapse in serious cases. The reason is that, in addition to the insufficient estimation of creep and long-term deflection in current regulations, the rapid growth of traffic volume and the tight use of early-age concrete in construction schedules also have a great impact on long-term deflection. However, at present, the calculation methods of long-term performance are mostly based on the results of material performance tests. However, there are relatively few studies that take bridge components as research objects and consider the influence of load and age factors. The long-term performance of concrete beams is examined and the calculation methods of long-term performance are given by considering various loading levels and ages. Specimens are fabricated using a 1:4 scale model of a standard T-beam with a length of 20 m to conduct the experiment. Based on the long-term observation of the test beam, the variation laws of the mid-span deflection of the concrete T-beam and the concrete strain in the compression zone with time are obtained under the aforementioned conditions. Following a comparative analysis of experimental results with computational results based on existing studies and relevant national and international codes, this study proposes and discusses a set of formulas for the assessment of shrinkage and creep. The obtained creep coefficient test results fall between the values of the Chinese specification and those of AASHTO, where ASSTO is the lower limit and the Chinese specification is the upper limit. The long-term deflection is as follows: 40% of the one-year value at one month, 66% of the one-year value at three months, and 80% of the one-year value at six months. However, the long-term deflection coefficient of beams with an early loading age is larger than the current standard, and the deflection coefficient of T-beams with three-day loading age reaches 6.0. We compare and discuss the test results with the calculation results and related codes obtained in different studies conducted at home and abroad. Based on our present findings, we propose formulas for shrinkage and creep evaluations.
LFA-1 Activation in T-Cell Migration and Immunological Synapse Formation
Authors: Shi Huiping , Shao Bojing
Published: April 2023

Integrin LFA-1 plays a critical role in T-cell migration and in the formation of immunological synapses. LFA-1 functions through interacting with its ligands with differing affinities: low, intermediate, and high. Most prior research has studied how LFA-1 in the high-affinity state regulates the trafficking and functions of T cells. LFA-1 is also presented in the intermediate-affinity state on T cells, however, the signaling to activate LFA-1 to the intermediate-affinity state and the role of LFA-1 in this affinity state both remain largely elusive. This review briefly summarizes the activation and roles of LFA-1 with varied ligand-binding affinities in the regulation of T-cell migration and immunological synapse formation.
Evaluation of 3D Human Intestinal Organoids as a Platform for EV-A71 Antiviral Drug Discovery
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Santos-Ferreira Nanci , Pajkrt Dasja , Wolthers Katja C. , DeGroot Jeroen , Vlaming Maria L. H. , Rocha-Pereira Joana , Buti Ludovico
Published: April 2023

Enteroviruses are a leading cause of upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, and neurological infections. Management of enterovirus-related diseases has been hindered by the lack of specific antiviral treatment. The pre-clinical and clinical development of such antivirals has been challenging, calling for novel model systems and strategies to identify suitable pre-clinical candidates. Organoids represent a new and outstanding opportunity to test antiviral agents in a more physiologically relevant system. However, dedicated studies addressing the validation and direct comparison of organoids versus commonly used cell lines are lacking. Here, we described the use of human small intestinal organoids (HIOs) as a model to study antiviral treatment against human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) infection and compared this model to EV-A71-infected RD cells. We used reference antiviral compounds such as enviroxime, rupintrivir, and 2′-C-methylcytidine (2′CMC) to assess their effects on cell viability, virus-induced cytopathic effect, and viral RNA yield in EV-A71-infected HIOs and cell line. The results indicated a difference in the activity of the tested compounds between the two models, with HIOs being more sensitive to infection and drug treatment. In conclusion, the outcome reveals the value added by using the organoid model in virus and antiviral studies.
Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity Paper-Based Bacteria Impedance Sensor Based on Vertical Flow Assay
Authors: Long Yifan , Ai Zhehong , Zhang Longhan , Zhang Han , Jiang Jing , Liu Gang Logan
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a low-cost, portable paper-fluidic vertical flow assay bacterium counter with high accuracy. We designed sensors with low fabrication costs based on e-beam evaporation and three-dimensional printing based on the impedance measurement principle. Interdigitated (IDT) electrodes were coated on the filter membrane by e-beam evaporation with a shadow mask. We could print wafer-scale frames with low melting temperature three-dimensional-printing materials for confining liquid bacterial samples within the IDT sensing region. This novel fabrication technique significantly reduced the chip’s cost to less than 1% of that of silicon-based chips. Two equivalent circuit models were proposed for different concentration ranges to analyze the principle of paper-based impedance bacterial sensors. We proposed an improved model based on the Randles model for low concentrations by considering the leaky double-layer capacitor effect and spherical diffusion from the nano-structural electrodes of the gold-coated filter membrane. The phenomenon in which charge transfer resistance, Rct, declines at high concentration ranges was found and explained by the pearl chain effect. The pearl effect could cause a false-negative at high concentrations. We modeled the pearl chain effect as an R and C, connected parallel to the low-concentration model. When users properly applied both models for analyses, this sensor could quantitatively measure cell concentrations from 400 to 400 M per milliliter with superior linearity.
Father–Mother Co-Involvement in Child Maltreatment: Associations of Prior Perpetration, Parental Substance Use, Parental Medical Conditions, Inadequate Housing, and Intimate Partner Violence with Different Maltreatment Types
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Yoon Susan , Park Keunhye , Radney Angelise , Shipe Stacey L. , Pace Garrett T.
Published: April 2023

The current study applied a family systems approach to examine dyadic parental risk factors linked with mother–father co-involved physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Parental substance use, mental health problems, disability and medical conditions, inadequate housing, economic insecurity, intimate partner violence, and prior maltreatment history were investigated as key risk factors at the dyadic parental level. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using national child welfare administrative data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. The results showed differential associations between risk factors and four child maltreatment types: physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Intimate partner violence was associated with higher odds of mother–father co-involved neglect and emotional abuse. Parental substance use, inadequate housing, and prior maltreatment history were all associated with higher odds of mother–father co-involved neglect, but lower odds of physical abuse. Parental disability and medical conditions were associated with higher odds of mother-father co-involved sexual abuse, whereas parental substance use was associated with lower odds of sexual abuse. Implications include more nuanced ways of addressing multiple risk factors within the family to prevent future occurrences of child maltreatment involving both mothers and fathers.
Guided Autotransplantation of Impacted Canines Using a CAD/CAM Surgical Template
Authors: Park Soyoung , Lee Haena , Lee Eungyung , Jeong Taesung , Lee Hyeonjong , Shin Jonghyun
Published: April 2023

Autotransplantation is a potential treatment alternative when orthodontic traction of an impacted tooth is difficult. In this article, we describe two cases of guided autotransplantation of an impacted canine using a computer-aided designed and manufactured surgical template. The impacted canine was segmented on preoperative cone-beam computed tomography images to ensure a sufficient periodontal ligament space and placement of the donor tooth with the least pressure on it. The canine was virtually transposed using a simulation program considering the adjacent teeth. The surgical template, which was connected to the occlusal stop on adjacent teeth, was designed and 3D-printed with polymer resin. The recipient site was prepared using the surgical template, followed by immediate transplantation of the surgically extracted canine into the socket. The transplanted donor tooth was positioned in planned infra-occlusion to prevent occlusal interference. It was then splinted with the adjacent teeth for initial stabilization. During follow-up, one transplanted tooth showed pulp canal obliteration and the other had suspected pulp necrosis; endodontic treatment was performed. One year after the procedure, the periradicular condition of both teeth was favorable.
Perceived Physical Literacy Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in Secondary School Students
Authors: Nezondet Charlie , Gandrieau Joseph , Nguyen Philippe , Zunquin Gautier
Published: April 2023

Background: Overweight and obese adolescents are often associated with lower Physical Activity (PA) levels and low Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF). Recently, the concept of Physical Literacy (PL), has been suggested to be associated with higher levels of active behavior and better health in adolescents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between PL, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels in French secondary school students. Methods: The level of PL was assessed in 85 French adolescents using a French version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (F-PPLI). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by the “20 m adapted walk/shuttle run test”. The PA level was assessed by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System questionnaire. Weight status was measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the body composition data. Results: We find a significant association between the PL and the percentage Fat Mass (%FM) (r = −0.43; p ≤ 0.01), between the PL and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per week (r = 0.38; p ≤ 0.01). The PL was associated (r = 0.36; p ≤ 0.01) with the percentage of Skeletal Muscle Mass (%SMM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (r = 0.40; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Developing the PL for the most disadvantaged secondary school students in a PA program could be a suitable strategy to increase their PA level, reduce their adiposity, and promote better long-term health.
Update on Adjustable Trans-Obturator Male System (ATOMS) for Male Incontinence after Prostate Cancer Surgery
Authors: Téllez Carlos , Szczesniewski Juliusz , Virseda-Chamorro Miguel , Arance Ignacio , Angulo Javier C.
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: The adjustable trans-obturator male system (ATOMS) is a surgical device developed to treat post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) after prostate cancer treatment. We review the current literature on this anti-incontinence device with the intention of assessing the effectiveness, safety and duration of the silicone-covered scrotal port (SSP) ATOMS, the only generation of the device that is currently available. (2) Material and Methods: Non-systematic literature review is performed. Forty-eight full-text articles are assessed for eligibility. Case reports, expert opinions or commentaries without specific data reported (n = 6), studies with patients who underwent intervention before 2014 (IP or SP ATOMS; n = 10), and studies with incontinence after transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P; n = 2) are excluded for analysis. Thirty studies with SSP ATOMS are included in a qualitative synthesis that incorporates systematic reviews (n = 3), articles partially overlapping with other previously published studies (e.g., follow-up or series updates; n = 9), and studies focusing on specific populations (n = 8). Only articles revealing outcomes of SSP ATOMS were included in the quantitative synthesis of results (n = 10). (3) Results: the pooled data of 1515 patients from the 10 studies with SSP ATOMS confirmed very satisfactory results with this device after adjustment: dry rate: 63–82%, improved rate: 85–100%, complication rate: 7–33%, device infection rate: 2.7–6.2% and explant rate: 0–19%. The durability of the device is reassuring, with 89% of devices in place 5 years after implantation. (4) Conclusion: Despite the absence of randomized controlled studies, the literature findings confirm results of SSP ATOMS appear equivalent to those of artificial urinary sphincters (AUSs) in terms of continence, satisfaction and complications, but with a lower rate of revision in the long-term. A prospective study identified that patients with daily pad test results <900 mL and a Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale (MSIGS) of not 4 (i.e., early and persistent stream or urine loss) are the best candidates. Future studies centered on the elder population at higher risk of impaired cognitive ability and in patients including radiation as prostate cancer treatment are needed.
The Effects of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance: The Role of Customer Experience and IT Innovation
Authors: Masoud Rawan , Basahel Sarah
Published: April 2023

Digital transformation (DT) has attracted the attention of management and organizational scholars in the past decade. In addition, firms are increasingly interested in using DT to obtain a competitive advantage. Nevertheless, studies on DT outcomes remain scarce. Therefore, this study empirically investigated the effect of digital transformation on firm performance by classifying the capabilities required to realize digital transformation, customer experience, and IT innovation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 164 representatives of service sector firms in Saudi Arabia, namely chief information officers, chief transformation officers, and IT managers. Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that digital transformation, customer experience, and IT innovation positively impact a firm’s performance, with customer experience exhibiting the strongest effect.
Influence of Rotational Speed on Isothermal Piston Compression System
Authors: Ren Teng , Wang De-Xi , Xu Wei-Qing , Cai Mao-Lin
Published: April 2023

An isothermal piston is a device that can achieve near-isothermal compression by enhancing the heat transfer area with a porous media. However, flow resistance between the porous media and the liquid is introduced, which cannot be neglected at a high operational speed. Thus, the influence of rotational speed on the isothermal piston compression system is analyzed in this study. A flow resistance mathematical model is established based on the face-centered cubic structure hypothesis. The energy conservation rate and efficiency of the isothermal piston are defined. The effect of rotational speed on resistance is discussed, and a comprehensive energy conservation performance assessment of the isothermal piston is analyzed. The results show that the increasing rate of the resistance work increases significantly proportional to the rotational speed, and the proportion of resistance work in the total work increases gradually and sharply. The total work including compression and resistance cannot be larger than the compression work under adiabatic conditions. The maximum rotational speed is 650 rpm.
Leading Edge Use of Technology for Teacher Professional Development in Indian Schools
Authors: Charania Amina , Paltiwale Sumegh , Sen Sohini , Sarkar Durba , Bakshani Uchita
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a case study of a decade-long technology-enabled teacher professional development (TPD) initiative for government-run school teachers in India. The TPD aimed at capacitating teachers in integrating project-based or constructivist learning with technology in curriculum and pedagogy. Teachers are central to the teaching–learning processes, and hence capacitating them to leverage digital technologies confidently is essential to improve the quality of education imparted to learners. This paper focuses on the use of innovative technologies leading to the education of teachers. A decade of TPD is divided into three phases providing an analytical framework for the evolving technologies and pedagogies across the phases. Documents, resources and tools used for the TPD activities, researchers’ first-hand experiences and documented research studies supported the comparative analysis of the three phases of TPD. This comparison highlighted leading-edge technologies influencing changes in TPD delivery mode, learning support, pedagogy, scale, etc., across the phases. The paper also maps the interrelationship between technologies and pedagogies of TPD, suggesting various features of innovations such as continuous, practice-based, collaborative, scalable, shareable, transferable, and adaptable.
Mediational Effect of Teacher-Based Discrimination on Academic Performance: An Intersectional Analysis of Race, Gender, and Income/Class
Authors: Kyere Eric , Hong Saahoon , Gentle-Genitty Carolyn Sherlet
Published: April 2023

Drawing on prior research, this study applies an intersectional framework to investigate discrimination in the context of teacher–student relationships and its influence on students’ academic outcomes. Outcomes assessed were inclusive of self-efficacy, school attendance, and grade point average (GPA). For this analysis, structural equation modeling was used with a cross-sectional sample of the Maryland and Adolescent Development in Context Study (MADICS) and the youth self-administered (YSA) questionnaires administered when the youth were in 8th grade (Wave 3). A total of 1182 students completed the survey, of whom 704 were selected for this study. Findings show teacher discrimination as a mechanism to uncover some of the ways race, gender, and income simultaneously intersect to affect students’ academic outcomes. The current study confirms and extends prior work establishing associations among race, gender, income, and teacher discrimination and academic outcomes among African American youth. African American students, especially males, regardless of income levels, may benefit directly—evidenced in visible academic performance—from more positive and race-conscious interactions with teachers. Future implications for practice are shared.
A Novel Method for Estimating the Position and Speed of a Winding Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Motor
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Cao Jiwei , Li Liyi
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel means of sensorless drive of the winding segmented permanent magnet linear motor (WS-PMLM). In order to solve the problem of the deviation of the position and speed estimation of the mover caused by the sharp changes of the inductance, flux linkage, and back electromotive force (EMF) between the segments of the WS-PMLM, a method for position estimation by the compound back-EMF is proposed to eliminate the blind spot of intersegment position estimation. In terms of speed estimation, a full-order speed observer method based on the dynamics equation is proposed, the configuration of the feedback gain of the observer is analyzed, and a simulation is used to verify that the full-order state observer (FSO) method can effectively reduce the estimated speed fluctuation in the intersegment region and that the speed estimation accuracy is ultimately improved.
Model Predictive Control Based Energy Management System Literature Assessment for RES Integration
Authors: Tumeran Nor Liza , Yusoff Siti Hajar , Gunawan Teddy Surya , Hanifah Mohd Shahrin Abu , Zabidi Suriza Ahmad , Pranggono Bernardi , Yunus Muhammad Sharir Fathullah Mohd , Sapihie Siti Nadiah Mohd , Halbouni Asmaa Hani
Published: April 2023

Over the past few decades, the electric power industry evolved in response to growing concerns about climate change and the rising price of fossil fuels. The usage of renewable energy sources (RES) rose as a remedy for these problems. The increased penetration of RES in the existing generation system increased the need for an intelligent energy management system (EMS) so that the system can operate in any possible circumstances. Many sectors of society, including the education sector, are working to realize the importance of this sustainable energy system. This paper reviews the process of selecting an efficient control technique for continuous power flow from different RES to meet the load demand requirement using an enhanced model predictive control (MPC)-based EMS framework. This EMS is a software platform to provide fundamental support services and applications to deliver the functionality needed for the effective operation of electrical generation and transmission facilities to ensure adequate security of energy supply at minimum cost. The centralized EMS with technical objectives focusing on power quality and seamless power flow can be achieved through dynamically enhanced MPC.
Testing the Effect of Oil Prices, Ecological Footprint, Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth on Energy Consumptions: Evidence from Bootstrap ARDL Approach
Authors: Kareem Ponle Henry , Ali Mumtaz , Tursoy Turgut , Khalifa Wagdi
Published: April 2023

Energy generation from carbon fuels produces a major portion of the greenhouse gases that envelop the planet and trap the sun’s heat. Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and gas, account for approximately 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and almost 90% of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to finance cleaner, efficient, low-cost, sustainable, and energy-reliable alternative fuels. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oil prices, ecological footprint, banking sector development, and economic growth on energy consumption in South Africa. We employed the newly developed bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to the link between explanatory antecedents and explained facets in the short and long term. The outcome of our study witnessed the positive and significant effect of economic growth and ecological footprint on energy consumption in the short and long run, in the case of South Africa. This suggests that a drastic boost in South African economic growth and environmental quality results in the increased use of energy. However, ARDL outcomes affirm that industrial structure has effects positively and significantly in the short run only. Moreover, oil price shocks have a negative and significant link with energy use in the short and long run, suggesting that in the case of South Africa, increased oil prices reduce the use of energy. Based on the evidence obtained from the results of our study, we proposed several policy suggestions and recommendations to the government authorities, policymakers, environmentalists, and other stakeholders in order to develop an energy strategy in line with sustainable economic growth and the environment.
Comparative Study of Heat-Discharging Kinetics of Fe-Substituted Mn2O3/Mn3O4 Being Subjected to Long-Term Cycling for Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Gokon Nobuyuki , Ohashi Fumiya , Sawaguri Hiroki , Hayashi Kosuke
Published: April 2023

The heat-discharging kinetics of an iron-substituted Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox pair subjected to long-term thermal cycling tests using a temperature swing process at high temperatures was investigated for next-generation concentrated solar power plants equipped with thermochemical energy storage. The heat-discharge mode kinetics for long-term thermal-cycled samples have never been reported. Additionally, comparisons of the heat-discharge mode kinetics for both long-term thermal-cycled and as-prepared samples have never been discussed. In terms of the reproducibility and sustainability of thermochemical energy storage, kinetic evaluations of samples with thermally stable morphologies subjected to long-term thermal cycling at high temperatures are important for next-generation solar thermal power plants. For the long-term thermal-cycled sample, the A2 model based on the Avrami–Erofeev reaction describes the discharging mode behavior in a fractional conversion range of 0–0.24, the contracting area (R2) model best fits in a fractional conversion range of 0.24–0.50, and the third-order (F3) model matches in a fractional conversion range of 0.50–0.70. For the as-prepared sample, the power-law (P2) model describes the behavior of the first part of the discharging mode, whereas the Avrami–Erofeev (A4) model best fits the last half of the discharging mode. The predicted theoretical models for both samples were compared with previous kinetic data.
A Unified Analysis of DC–DC Converters’ Current Stress
Authors: Gitau Michael Njoroge , Masike Lebogang , Adams Grain P.
Published: April 2023

There is always a need to analyze current signals generated by various DC–DC converters. For example, to determine the current stress experienced by semiconductor devices and to evaluate active and reactive power consumption in converters. The study demonstrates that the shape of a current signal dictates the analytical expressions required to determine the average and RMS values of a signal as well as the RMS value of the ripple of that signal. The study also shows that current signals can be treated as composite waveforms comprising various combinations of trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular pulses. The current literature lacks a unified approach to analyze current stresses in DC–DC converters. This study will propose a unified and generalized analytical technique that is applicable to any type of DC waveform that can be treated as a composite waveform made up of a combination of triangular, rectangular, or trapezoidal sections or sub-intervals. Furthermore, the rectangular and triangular pulses are shown to be a special kind of trapezoidal pulse. This provides the basis for a very broad generalization of current signals’ analysis based on the analysis of a trapezoidal pulse. Additionally, a method for the direct evaluation of signals’ ripple RMS content is developed. This is unlike in the current literature where it is necessary to evaluate the signal’s average and RMS values before ripple content can be evaluated. The technique developed is applicable to continuous and discontinuous conduction modes of operation.
Development of Model-Based PEM Water Electrolysis HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) System for State Evaluation and Fault Detection
Authors: Koo Taehyung , Ko Rockkil , Ha Dongwoo , Han Jaeyoung
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen is attracting attention as a good energy-storage medium for renewable energy. Among hydrogen production technologies using renewable energy, water electrolysis is drawing attention as a key technology for green hydrogen production using renewable energy. In particular, polymeric electrolyte membrane water electrolysis systems have several advantages compared to other types of water electrolysis technologies, such as small size and mass, high efficiency, low operating temperature, and low power consumption. However, until now, proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis systems have not been reliable. In this study, system failure diagnosis techniques were presented among the various methods for improving reliability. We developed PEM water electrolysis stack models and system models to predict the performance of the system and analyze the dynamic properties using MATLAB/Simulink® 2018a, which have been validated under various conditions. The developed dynamic characteristic simulation model applies hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) technology to configure experimental devices to interact in real-time. The developed PEMWE HILS system accepts signals that control the system, operates the experimental setup and simulation model in real-time, and diagnoses the system’s failure based on the results.
Lycium barbarum Oligosaccharides Alleviate Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhang Zheng , Yu Bin , Jia Siqiang , Cui Bo
Published: April 2023

High-fat diets (HFD) can promote the development of hepatic steatosis by altering the structure and composition of gut flora. In this study, the potential therapeutic mechanism of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide (LBO) against hepatic steatosis was investigated by analyzing the changes in the intestinal flora and metabolites in mice. Mice on an HFD were administered LBO by gavage once daily for a continuous period of eight weeks. Compared with the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum, and hepatic TG were significantly reduced in the LBO group, and liver lipid accumulation was obviously improved. In addition, LBO could regulate the HFD-induced alteration of intestinal flora. The HFD increased the proportion of Barnesiellaceae, Barnesiella, and CHKCI001. LBO increased the proportion of Dubosiella, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus. LBO also altered the fecal metabolic profile. Significantly different metabolites between LBO and the HFD, such as taurochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate, fluvastatin, and kynurenic acid, were related to the cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolic pathways. In light of the above, LBO can alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by modulating the components of the intestinal flora and fecal metabolites.
Fractional-Order Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems: A Resilience-Based Approach to Consensus Analysis with Distributed and Input Delays
Authors: Khan Asad , Niazi Azmat Ullah Khan , Abbasi Waseem , Awan Faryal , Khan Anam
Published: April 2023

In this article, a resilient consensus analysis of fractional-order nonlinear leader and follower systems with input and distributed delays is assumed. To make controller design more practical, it is considered that the controller is not implemented as it is, and a disturbance term is incorporated into the controller part. A multi-agent system’s topology ahead to a weighted graph which may be directed or undirected is used. The article examines a scenario of leader–follower consensus through the application of algebraic graph theory and the fractional-order Razumikhin method. Numerical simulations are also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design for the leader–follower consensus.
Revealing the Binarity of HD 36030—One of the Hottest Flare Stars
Authors: Maryeva Olga , Németh Péter , Karpov Sergey
Published: April 2023

The Kepler and TESS space missions significantly expanded our knowledge of what types of stars display flaring activity by recording a vast amount of super-flares from solar-like stars, as well as detecting flares from hotter stars of A-F spectral types. Currently, we know that flaring occurs in the stars as hot as B-type ones. However, the structures of atmospheres of hot B-A stars crucially differ from the ones of late types, and thus the occurrence of flaring in B-A type stars requires some extension of our theoretical views of flare formation and therefore a detailed study of individual objects. Here we present the results of our spectral and photometric study of HD 36030, which is a B9 V star with flares detected by the TESS satellite. The spectra we acquired suggest that the star is in a binary system with a low-mass secondary component, but the light curve lacks any signs of periodic variability related to orbital motion or surface magnetic fields. Because of that, we argue that the flares originate due to magnetic interaction between the components of the system.
A Nanoclay-Enhanced Hydrogel for Self-Adhesive Wearable Electrophysiology Electrodes with High Sensitivity and Stability
Authors: Wang Fushuai , Yang Lang , Sun Ye , Cai Yiming , Xu Xin , Liu Zhenzhong , Liu Qijie , Zhao Hongliang , Ma Chunxin , Liu Jun
Published: April 2023

Hydrogel-based wet electrodes are the most important biosensors for electromyography (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalography (EEG); but, are limited by poor strength and weak adhesion. Herein, a new nanoclay-enhanced hydrogel (NEH) has been reported, which can be fabricated simply by dispersing nanoclay sheets (Laponite XLS) into the precursor solution (containing acrylamide, N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, sodium chloride, glycerin) and then thermo-polymerizing at 40 °C for 2 h. This NEH, with a double-crosslinked network, has nanoclay-enhanced strength and self-adhesion for wet electrodes with excellent long-term stability of electrophysiology signals. First of all, among existing hydrogels for biological electrodes, this NEH has outstanding mechanical performance (93 kPa of tensile strength and 1326% of breaking elongation) and adhesion (14 kPa of adhesive force), owing to the double-crosslinked network of the NEH and the composited nanoclay, respectively. Furthermore, this NEH can still maintain a good water-retaining property (it can remain at 65.4% of its weight after 24 h at 40 °C and 10% humidity) for excellent long-term stability of signals, on account of the glycerin in the NEH. In the stability test of skin–electrode impedance at the forearm, the impedance of the NEH electrode can be stably kept at about 100 kΩ for more than 6 h. As a result, this hydrogel-based electrode can be applied for a wearable self-adhesive monitor to highly sensitively and stably acquire EEG/ECG electrophysiology signals of the human body over a relatively long time. This work provides a promising wearable self-adhesive hydrogel-based electrode for electrophysiology sensing; which, will also inspire the development of new strategies to improve electrophysiological sensors.
Assessment of Public’s Awareness Regarding Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawahab Mohammed A. , Bhat Muneer Jan , Asiri Fahad Nasser Mohammed , Alshahrani Khalid Ali Mohammed , Alshehri Abdulaziz Mohammed , Almutairi Bassam Ahmed , Alhumaidi Muath Mohammed , Eskandar Rayan M.
Published: April 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by altered bowel habits, abdominal pain, or discomfort. It is a highly prevalent disorder that affects patients’ quality of life. A workup is usually required to diagnose IBS, as its differential diagnosis includes some serious conditions such as carcinoma of the colon. The present study aimed to assess the awareness and beliefs of the general population regarding IBS. This study was conducted in the Aseer Region, in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia. It followed a cross-sectional research design that was conducted during the period from January to March 2021 using a structured self-administered questionnaire to assess the demographic variables in addition to questions to assess participants’ awareness and beliefs related to IBS. Following a convenience sample, the study included 779 participants, with 43.3% being male, mostly in the age group 21–30 years (36.7%), and 68.7% being university graduates. Most participants (70.5%) were aware of IBS, and had the correct knowledge about its etiology, symptoms, risk factors, prognosis, and management. It is recommended to conduct various awareness-raising programs regarding IBS to improve the public’s knowledge and to decrease functional disabilities and their impact on life.