bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Potencial da Espécie Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae). I. A Planta como Fonte de Coagulante Natural no Saneamento de Águas e como Suplemento Alimentar
Authors: Frighetto R. T. S. , Frighetto N. , Schneider R. P. , Fernandes Lima P. C.
Published: October 2022

Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma planta tropical que contém substâncias solúveis em água, dotada de excelentes propriedades de coagulação, para o tratamento de água e água residuária. Uma proteína floculante das sementes é responsável pela eficiência e propriedade como coagulante natural, sendo comparável ao sulfato de alumínio, atualmente o produto químico mais usado nos processos de tratamento de água. Apresenta potencial de aplicabilidade no tratamento de efluentes, com adsorção de compostos orgânicos em solução aquosa, bem como no pré-tratamento de efluentes na Usina de destilação de óleo de palmeira. Esta planta produz óleos de excelente qualidade, com características comparáveis às de azeite de oliva. É uma planta rica em aminoácidos, vitamina A (β-caroteno) e α- e δ-tocoferol, sendo excelente fonte alternativa de proteínas para suplemento alimentar humano e animal. Também é empregada na medicina herbática na Índia.
Espectrometria de Massas de Diterpenos do Tipo Clerodano Isolados de Croton cajucara
Authors: Maciel M. A. M. , Leal R. de S. , Dantas T. N. C , Veiga Jr. V. F.
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho utilizou-se espectrometria de massas objetivando-se a identificação de fragmentos característicos de diterpenos do tipo clerodano contendo carbonila α,β-insaturada no anel A do sistema decalínico. Para tanto, dados de espectrometria de massas foram analisados para os seguintes 19-nor-clerodanos de sistemas enona: trans-desidrocrotonina (1), trans-crotonina (2), cis-cajucarina B (3), trans-cajucarina B (4) e cajucarinolida (5) e para os clerodanos isosacacarina (6) e cajucarina A (7), isolados das cascas do caule de Croton cajucara Benth, bem como para clerodanos de sistemas enona isolados de outras espécies. A junção trans de clerodanos foi claramente correlacionada com a presença dos íons característico de m/z 95, 121 e 205; os sistemas de junção cis apresentaram íons característicos de m/z 122 e 124. A junção trans de 19-nor-clerodano foi correlacionada com a presença dos íons característico de m/z 161, 134 e 121.
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles containing gold nanoparticles and Paclitaxel for cancer imaging and drug delivery using photoacoustic methods
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Strohm Eric M. , Sun Yang , Wang Zhaoxia , Zheng Yuanyi , Wang Zhigang , Kolios Michael
Published: October 2022

In this study, optical-triggered multifunctional theranostic agents for photoacoustic/fluorescent imaging and cancer therapy have been developed. This system consists of a perfluorohexane liquid and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the core, stabilized by a Poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer shell. When cancer cells containing PLGAGNPs were exposed to laser pulses, cell viability decreased due to the vaporization of the particles in and around the cells. The particle chemo drug loading and delivery capacity was also investigated in vitro experiments. These particles show potential as photoacoustic imaging and therapy agents for future clinical translation in cancer therapy. 
Quantification of Ultrasonic Scattering Properties of In Vivo Tumor Cell Death in Mouse Models of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tadayyon Hadi , Sannachi Lakshmanan , Sadeghi-Naini Ali , Al-Mahrouki Azza , Tran William T. , Kolios Michael , Czarnota Gregory J
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Quantitative ultrasound parameters based on form factor models were investigated as potential biomarkers of cell death in breast tumor (MDA-231) xenografts treated with chemotherapy. METHODS: Ultrasound backscatter radiofrequency data were acquired from MDA-231 breast cancer tumor–bearing mice (n = 20) before and after the administration of chemotherapy drugs at two ultrasound frequencies: 7 MHz and 20 MHz. Radiofrequency spectral analysis involved estimating the backscatter coefficient from regions of interest in the center of the tumor, to which form factor models were fitted, resulting in estimates of average scatterer diameter and average acoustic concentration (AAC). RESULTS: The ∆AAC parameter extracted from the spherical Gaussian model was found to be the most effective cell death biomarker (at the lower frequency range, r2 = 0.40). At both frequencies, AAC in the treated tumors increased significantly (P = .026 and .035 at low and high frequencies, respectively) 24 hours after treatment compared with control tumors. Furthermore, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of the low-frequency data revealed that a multiparameter quantitative ultrasound model was strongly correlated to cell death determined histologically posttreatment (r2 = 0.74). CONCLUSION: The Gaussian form factor model–based scattering parameters can potentially be used to track the extent of cell death at clinically relevant frequencies (7 MHz). The 20-MHz results agreed with previous findings in which parameters related to the backscatter intensity (i.e., AAC) increased with cell death. The findings suggested that, in addition to the backscatter coefficient parameter ∆AAC, biological features including tumor heterogeneity and initial tumor volume were important factors in the prediction of cell death response. 
Sizing biological cells using a microfluidic acoustic flow cytometer
Authors: M Strohm Eric , Gnyawali Vaskar , Sebastian Joseph A. , Ngunjiri Robert , Moore Michael
J. , Kolios Michael
Published: October 2022

We describe a new technique that combines ultrasound and microfluidics to rapidly size and count cells in a high-throughput and label-free fashion. Using 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing, cells are streamed single file through an ultrasound beam where ultrasound scattering events from each individual cell are acquired. The ultrasound operates at a center frequency of 375 MHz with a wavelength of 4 μm; when the ultrasound wavelength is similar to the size of a scatterer, the power spectra of the backscattered ultrasound waves have distinct features at specific frequencies that are directly related to the cell size. Our approach determines cell sizes through a comparison of these distinct spectral features with established theoretical models. We perform an analysis of two types of cells: acute myeloid leukemia cells, where 2,390 measurements resulted in a mean size of 10.0 ± 1.7 μm, and HT29 colorectal cancer cells, where 1,955 measurements resulted in a mean size of 15.0 ± 2.3 μm. These results and histogram distributions agree very well with those measured from a Coulter Counter Multisizer 4. Our technique is the first to combine ultrasound and microfluidics to determine the cell size with the potential for multiparameter cellular characterization using fluorescence, light scattering and quantitative photoacoustic techniques.
Nonlinear power loss in the oscillations of coated and uncoated bubbles: Role of thermal, radiation and encapsulating shell damping at various excitation pressures
Authors: Sojahrood Amin , Haghi Hossein , Li Q. , Porter T.M. , Karshafian Raffi , Kolios Michael
Published: October 2022

This study presents the fundamental equations governing the pressure dependent disipation mechanisms in the oscillations of coated bubbles. A simple generalized model (GM) for coated bubbles accounting for the effect of compressibility of the liquid is presented. The GM was then coupled with nonlinear ODEs that account for the thermal effects. Starting with mass and momentum conservation equations for a bubbly liquid and using the GM, nonlinear pressure dependent terms were derived for power dissipation due to thermal damping (Td), radiation damping (Rd) and dissipation due to the viscosity of liquid (Ld) and coating (Cd). The pressure dependence of the dissipation mechanisms of the coated bubble have been analyzed. The dissipated energies were solved for uncoated and coated 2–20 μm in bubbles over a frequency range of 0.25fr-2.5fr (fr is the bubble resonance) and for various acoustic pressures (1 kPa-300 kPa). Thermal effects were examined for air and C3F8 gas cores. In the case of air bubbles, as pressure increases, the linear thermal model looses accuracy and accurate modeling requires inclusion of the full thermal model. However, for coated C3F8 bubbles of diameter 1–8 μm, which are typically used in medical ultrasound, thermal effects maybe neglected even at higher pressures. For uncoated bubbles, when pressure increases, the contributions of Rd grow faster and become the dominant damping mechanism for pressure dependent resonance frequencies (e.g. fundamental and super harmonic resonances). For coated bubbles, Cd is the strongest damping mechanism. As pressure increases, Rd contributes more to damping compared to Ld and Td. For coated bubbles, the often neglected compressibility of the liquid has a strong effect on the oscillations and should be incorporated in models. We show that the scattering to damping ratio (STDR), a measure of the effectiveness of the bubble as contrast agent, is pressure dependent and can be maximized for specific frequency ranges and pressures. 
A Holographic Future: Exploring the Capabilities of the Looking Glass Holographic Display
Authors: Carter-Arlt Michael
Published: October 2022

"ME: “Hey SIRI. What do you look like?”

When I was completing my master’s degree, I pondered this question a lot. If SIRI or any AI had a face, what would it look like? 

SIRI: “I imagine I probably look like colourful sound waves.”

I believe that the future of artificial intelligence (AI) will have a face—or, more accurately, many faces. But, rather than a device or the company that makes it determining what an AI looks like (inevitably giving us 3D variations on an old Winamp visualizer), appearances will be determined and customized by individual users—and will be every bit as varied as the live human beings interacting with them. 

In 2018, I demonstrated this idea in front of a class by creating the illusion of myself as an AI hologram. The set-up was simple—just a hacked CD jewel case and a cellphone video of my face, shot in a dark room with blue light—but the effect was convincing enough to capture the attention of my entire class, almost as if nothing else mattered but me and what I was presenting—as though I were the Wizard of Oz. 

This experience made me realize just how useful holograms (or the illusion of them) could be in helping increase engagement and combat distractions in a classroom. 

As is often the case, my curiosity eventually led me through the Looking Glass." --from the introduction
Translation as Rewriting: A Case Study of Al-Monitor News Headlines on Palestine
Authors: Amer Mohammed Mosheer A.
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes the English translations of Arabic news headlines covering Palestinian events on the Al-Monitor news website, which is a well-known multilingual platform that features reporting and analyses on the Middle East. Using a corpus of news headlines on Palestinian events published on Al-Monitor between October and December 2019, the study examines the translation procedures used in translating Arabic news headlines into English and their textual realizations. Drawing on the taxonomy of translation procedures, mainly Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995), the analysis shows that addition, deletion, modulation, and adaptation procedures were heavily drawn upon in the translation of news headlines into English. The target text translators frequently added, adapted, deleted, or altered the source text headlines to appropriate a preferred version of reality to their target audiences. The textual analysis further illustrates how texts work ideologically through a process of making accessible, certain aspects of reality and downplaying or excluding other aspects of it. The study argues that translators’ interventions are not simply an inevitable part of headline translation, but they can be seen in the context of the critical, mediatory role of news translation as a process of rewriting and reframing events. Thus, translators contribute to the appropriation of a specific representation of political reality congruent with the ideological, political, and institutional considerations within which translators operate and make sense of the world.
ADVOCACY OF COMPETITION IN THE WORLD AND UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Bakalinska Olga
Published: October 2022

Background: The advocacy of competition is a modern civilisational mechanism of cooperation, which balances private and public interests in economic activity and realises the functions of state management and control of economic activity, ensuring reasonable distribution of public goods. Competition is a fundamental driving force that determines the course of economic processes and contributes to the growth of economic prosperity and innovation in society. Its provision, protection, and development are among the main priorities of state economic policy in general and competition policy in particular. The purpose of this article is a comparative legal analysis of the advocacy of competition in different countries. This study will also identify the peculiarities of the use of advocacy tools in these places.
Methods: In studying the proposed problem, the following methods were used: general philosophical and general scientific (dialectical, systemic, formal-logical, etc.); universal (induction, deduction); special-scientific (formal-legal, comparative law); interpretation of the rules, etc. One of the main methods used is the comparative method for researching the common and distinctive features of the advocacy of competition in the EU, USA, Mexico, the Republic of South Africa, and Ukraine.
Results and Conclusions: The results show that countries with advanced economies have approached advocacy of competition gradually after more than a century of anti-monopoly competition legislation. In post-transformational economies, we see the formation of competitive policy principles activated after independence and the transition to market-based business practices. The globalisation of international trade relations leads to the need to implement complex competition advocacy programs and unify norms at the level of individual states and unions. Advocacy of competition remains important as a tool of self-regulation of economic activity. The European vector of Ukraine’s development caused the emergence of new mechanisms of interaction between the state, the individual, and society. Having chosen to strive for European integration, Ukraine began to build a new model of cooperation between all market participants, the introduction of which was based on the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the EU, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, using implementation mechanisms of both individual norms and entire institutions of public-private partnership. The implementation of competition advocacy mechanisms in Ukraine is applied using the mechanisms of the analogy of individual norms and tools of competition policy. The formation of new good competitive practices is connected with russia’s war.
Peningkatan Mutu Wasit Dan Juri Kabaddi Di Wilayah Berau Menuju Porprov VII Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Santoso Januar Abdilah , Julianur Julianur , Mahardhika Nanda Alfian , Jusuf Jeane Betty Kurnia
Published: October 2022

This community service activity is an effort to improve the quality of referees and judges for the kabaddi sport in the Berau region as the host of Porprov VII in East Kalimantan. The objectives of this community service activity in detail are as follows: (1) As a means of socialization, education and training for Kabaddi sports in accordance with IKF regulations, (2) As a means of improving the quality of human resources for match equipment. The location of the activity is in the district of Berau, East Kalimantan. The plan for the training participants is 15 people to minimize the gathering of too many people. The service method uses training methods which include lectures to convey basic theory and practice to apply theoretical understanding in the field and evaluation to see quality improvements after participating in activities. The result that has been achieved from this activity is the increase in the quality of Match Equipment Resources. Indicators of success can be seen from the increase in general knowledge about Kabaddi, Kabaddi match rules and participants are able to organize Kabaddi matches independently.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Cerdas Berbahasa Indonesia Fonik (CBI FONIK) dalam Menstimulus Kemampuan Menyimak Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Nur Putri Novenda Alfian , Rahmawati Ida Yeni , Kristiana Dian
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Indonesian Phonics Intelligent Learning Model (CBI FONIK) in Stimulating Early Childhood Listening Ability in Pelangi Alam Kindergarten, Ponorogo. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Observation, interview, and documentation were used to collect the data. This study used observation to see the application of listening skills using the Indonesian Phonics Smart learning model (CBI FONIK). Interviews were addressed to the principal, teachers, and students in group A. The child's achievement card served as documentation. Data analysis in this study used the Miles and Huberman model. It was carried out using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and verification/drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Smart Indonesian Phonics (CBI FONIK) learning model used the pre-phonic level with the single-story poster and song technique. Its application is not only done in the classroom but mainly in the school environment (nature). Most children can listen well and can say any words they hear.
The Relationship Between Anxiety and Beliefs Towards Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer Among Female University Students
Authors: Pinar Ebru , Pinar Gul
Published: October 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and beliefs towards breast self- examination (BSE) and breast cancer (BC) among female university students. Method: This descriptive and comperative study was conducted on nursing students (n=534) at a State University in Ankara, Turkey. 1) Questionnaire Form, 2) Champion Health Belief Model Scale, and 3) Beck Anxiety Scale were used to data collection. In data evaluation, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t test, the Pearson correlation, and ANOVA were used. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.30 ± 2.0 (min:18, max:40). 58.2% of the students had knowledge of BC, 47% of BSE and only 28.7% perform SBE. The students with knowledge about BSE and BC showed higher motivation and preventive health behaviors (p<0.05). Students who regularly perform BSE had a low perception of barriers, high confidence perception, and high health motivation (p<0.05). As students' health motivation and confidence increased, their anxiety scores decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The BSE rate was well below the desired level. It was determined that the female students had some positive health beliefs about BC and this situation has decreased their anxiety levels. It is recommended to consider the barriers in front of students' preventive health behaviors and to plan initiatives to develop sensitivity on this issue.
Lived experiences of stroke survivors in India: A phenomenological study
Authors: Bhagavathy Manjula G , Anniyappa Saravana , Thankappan Radhakrishnan , Bharathi Bindhu
Published: October 2022

Background: Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability and has a potentially enormous emotional and socio-economic impact on patients, their families, and health services. Perceptions of patients with stroke have already been studied worldwide, which are unique in terms of their cultural background. However, in India, there is a lack of studies about the experience of the disease by stroke survivors and their perspectives of understanding the situation.
Objective: This study aimed to explore lived experience of stroke survivors in India.
Methods: A phenomenological study design was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of ten stroke survivors who had experienced post-stroke deficits three months to one year after stroke. Data were analyzed using Diekelmann’s hermeneutical approach to identify underlying themes.
Results: Two main themes emerged: (1) emergence of stroke (actual occurrence, mental perception, and recognition of illness) and (2) therapeutic concerns (enhanced and weakened recovery).
Conclusion: Recognizing how patients experience the illness is crucial in planning care for stroke survivors. Strengthening factors enhancing recovery and limiting the hindering factors through effective therapeutic management is a necessity.  The findings might also contribute to refining existing interventions and designing holistic multi-component rehabilitation programs that facilitate easy recovery. The study also highlights the need for providing information to general public on recognizing warning signs of stroke.
Digital competence: What makes nurses a ‘big gun’ in the future health industry
Authors: Prasetyo Yunus Adhy
Published: October 2022

This letter aims to respond to the editorial’s viewpoint by Aungsuroch, Y. and Gunawan, J. related to nurses’ preparation in the industrial revolution 4.0. Without a doubt, the era of disruption creates massive changes in many sectors, including in the health industry, and nurses are demanded to adopt and adapt to the rapid development of information technology. Therefore, digital competence is highly emphasized as an essential skill for today’s nurse generation in order to be the “big gun” of tomorrow.
Sexual knowledge based on Islamic values and sexual risk behaviors of HIV/STIs among Thai Muslim army conscripts: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singkun Awirut , Kallawicha Kraiwuth , Yamarat Khemika
Published: October 2022

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are commonly associated with conflict areas. In Thailand, conflict situations have occurred from 2004 until the present in three Muslim-majority southernmost provinces, including Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat. However, Islam provides strict guidelines on sexuality. Therefore, those who strictly practice Islam will have lower sexual risk behavior.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Islamic values-based sexual knowledge, sociodemographic factors, and risk for HIV/STIs among Thai Muslim army conscripts in the unrest situation area.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2020. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire among 421 participants. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used to examine the association among variables.
Results: 57.5% of Muslim army conscripts had poor sexual knowledge based on Islamic aspects, and the participants showed high-risk profiles for HIV/STIs (32.5%). Marital status, hometown, smoking and drinking status, and Islamic values-based sexual knowledge were significantly associated with the risk of HIV/STIs (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Participants with poor sexual knowledge according to Islamic values, smokers, single-status, alcoholic drinkers, and non-three southernmost provinces’ hometowns had higher risks of HIV/STIs. Thus, it is suggested that nurses and public health professionals implement sexual health promotion and prevention for HIV/STIs. In addition, misperceptions of Islamic aspects toward sexual behavior should receive immediate adjustments.
Palliative care education and training in Liberia: A qualitative exploration of current state and challenges to further development
Authors: Stephens Moses Tende , Rochmawati Erna
Published: October 2022

Background: Palliative care is an integral approach to enhancing patients’ overall quality of life by taking into account their entire lives and addressing any suffering they may be experiencing. Thus, palliative care education and training should be advanced. However, palliative care training and education in Liberia have just started, and their development warrants further investigation.
Objective: This research aimed to explore the state of palliative care education in Liberia and highlight its barriers and challenges.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative exploratory study design was adopted in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten male lecturers and four female nurses to gain in‐depth insight into their perspectives on palliative care education. Thematic analysis with NVivo 12 plus was used for data analysis.
Results: Four themes emerged from the data: 1) the need for palliative education (lack of healthcare professionals, government support, regular workshops, integration, and interprofessional education on palliative care), 2) palliative care barriers (lack of curriculum implementation, lack of experience, lack of government actions, and poor infrastructures), 3) the level of student knowledge (senior and junior level, same educational level, and regular teaching materials), and 4) the roles of health care professionals (attention on palliative care, providing education on pain, and public awareness).
Conclusion: The study findings may serve as input to develop palliative care education and training in Liberia. The identified gaps must be filled, and critical barriers must be overcome if the area of palliative care needs to be advanced. However, the comprehensive knowledge gathered in this study can be used by nurses, lecturers, and multidisciplinary teams to achieve the effectiveness of palliative care for patients.
Reversal of Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Anticoagulation by Andexanet Alfa in ANNEXA-A and ANNEXA-R as Assessed by Non-Tissue Factor-Initiated Thrombin Generation Independent of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
Authors: Lu Genmin , Lin Joyce , Bronson Michele , Crowther Mark , Conley Pamela B. , Curnutte John T.
Published: October 2022

Andexanet alfa is a modified factor Xa (FXa) drug designed to bind and sequester FXa inhibitors and thus reverse anticoagulation. The oral presentation reviewed in this article, presented by Dr Genmin Lu at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress 2018, provides new insights into the effect of the interaction between andexanet alfa and tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitors on the restoration of thrombin generation (TG) in the TF (extrinsic) and non-TF (intrinsic) coagulation pathways.
Tricuspid Regurgitation: No Longer the ‘Forgotten’ Valve
Authors: Gheorghe Livia , Rensing Benno JWM , Van der Heyden Jan AS , Rana Bushra , Post Martijn , Swaans Martin
Published: October 2022

Considered initially as a bystander, tricuspid regurgitation has shown to be an important predictor of mortality in patients with left-side valvular or myocardial disease. However, a sizeable number of patients remain untreated until the end stage when cardiac surgery presents a prohibitive risk. The emergent need in finding a treatment for patients with tricuspid regurgitation deemed for surgery options have encouraged the development of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions. These procedures mimic classical surgery techniques and they are mainly divided in two categories: repair (annuloplasty, coaptation devices, edge-to-edge techniques) and transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. This review aims to provide an updated overview and a clinical perspective on novel transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions, highlighting potential challenges and future directions.
Social Media Counterpublics and the Chief Big Foot Memorial Ride
Authors: Goeckner Ryan T.
Published: October 2022

The annual Chief Big Foot Memorial Ride represents the longest continuous example of Lakota memorial and resistance rides in contemporary Lakota activism. First held in 1986, this commemoration of the journey of Chief Big Foot’s band of Lakotas and the subsequent Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 now reaches beyond the confines of the ride itself through the use of social media profiles that serve to both publicize and document the ride. This article seeks to understand the way that photographs from the rides influence the types and amount of engagement it receives on social media. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, 304 images and their associated engagements from the 2018 ride were analyzed using content analysis and a grounded theory approach. This revealed that certain characteristics gave rise to the construction of a counterpublic around this ride. Findings suggest that both the content of photos and types of authors for posts influenced the number and types of engagements received by certain photographs. Given the relative isolation of many Indigenous communities in the Americas, these findings suggest that certain strategies for social media posts by Indigenous social movements can overcome these barriers to spread their message to a wider audience through strategic use of imagery associated with these movements.
Boundary Layer Control for Low Reynolds Number Fan Rig Testing
Authors:   Whittle Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pardo Alejandro Castillo , Williams Tim S ,   Whittle Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Clark Christopher J ,   Whittle Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Atkins Nick R ,   Whittle Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Hall Cesare A ,   Whittle Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wilson Mark J ,   Rolls-Royce plc, Diaz Raul Vazquez ,   Rolls-Royce plc
Published: October 2022

Ultra-high bypass ratio turbofans offer significant reductions in fuel and pollution due to their higher propulsive efficiency. Short intakes might lead to a stronger fan-intake interaction, which creates uncertainty in stability at off-design conditions. Due to the prohibitive cost of full-scale experimental testing, subscale testing in wind tunnels is used to understand this behaviour. The low Reynolds number of subscale models results in unrepresentative laminar shock-boundary layer interactions. The boundary layer state thus needs to be conditioned to better represent full-scale transonic fans. This paper proposes the use of an inexpensive and robust flow control method for the suction side of a fan blade. Design guidelines are given for the location and height of the discrete roughness elements used to control the boundary layer state. This paper also presents a rapid experimental validation methodology to ensure and de-risk the application of the boundary layer trip to 3D rig blades. The experimental methodology is applied to a generic aerofoil representative of a fan tip section. The experimental method proves that it is possible to reproduce boundary layers and pressure distributions of a full-scale fan blade on a 1/10 subscale model. The results obtained confirm that the boundary layer trip method successfully promotes transition at the location representative of full-scale blades, avoiding unrepresentative laminar shock wave boundary layer interactions. This highlights the importance of conditioning boundary layers in low Reynolds number fan rig testing.
TRANSONIC COMPRESSOR DARMSTADT OPEN TEST CASE – UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS AND STALL INCEPTION
Authors:   Technical University of Darmstadt Institute of Gas Turbines and Aerospace Propulsion, Klausmann Fabian , Franke Daniel ,   Technical University of Darmstadt Institute of Gas Turbines and Aerospace Propulsion, Schiffer Heinz-Peter ,   Technical University of Darmstadt Institute of Gas Turbines and Aerospace Propulsion
Published: October 2022

Predicting unsteady aerodynamics and related phenomena in the vicinity of the stability limit of transonic compressors has been a challenging topic within the turbomachinery community since decades. To improve numerical tools and prediction capabilities the Transonic Compressor Darmstadt Open Test Case has been introduced in order to provide a reliable validation test data set for steady and unsteady compressor aerodynamics. This work investigates the unsteady aerodynamics before the occurrence of rotating stall within the TU Darmstadt OpenStage compressor rotor and introduces unsteady wall pressure data to the Darmstadt Open Test Case. Exemplary pre-stall aerodynamics and stall inception are investigated for nominal (transonic) and part speed (subsonic) operating conditions, comprising the analysis of the unsteady static pressure field at the rotor tip as well as spectral analysis of the corresponding pressure signals during transient throttling maneuvers. To capture the rotor tip flow field, the rotor casing is instrumented with axially arranged flush mounted time-resolving wall pressure transducers. To determine propagation speeds of occurring phenomena, additional circumferentially distributed sensors are taken into account. Vibration monitoring shows no significant flutter or non-synchronous blade vibration, prior to the occurrence of rotating stall. Thus, this work focuses on aerodynamics, such as the interaction of secondary flow and shocks.
Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of goat milk for human health: A review
Authors: Rai Dinesh Chandra , Rathaur Aman , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Shraddha Ms.
Published: October 2022

Milk are considered as the best source of nutrients in well balanced ratio, and it also performs a number of beneficial biological activities in the human body that improves digestive system, metabolic activities to ingested nutrients, organâ€™s growth maintenance, development and resistance against diseases. Goats are considered to be the oldest domestic animals, domesticated for meat and milk and are known as the poor man's animal. Goat milk is nature's closest thing to perfect food. The constituent and composition of goat milk is totally different from cow or buffalo milk. Goat milk is nutritionally more or less matches to human milk which is not very much similar to cow's milk. It also possesses lots of medicinal properties. Lactose intolerance patients will be benefited from goat milk because it has less lactose than human and cow milk. It contains proteins, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, trace elements and enzymes that can be easily assimilated in our body. Smaller and uniform fat globules of goat milk make them easily digestible in the body. It contains higher selenium concentration which acts on regeneration of blood platelet suffering from dengue fever. Protein content in goat milk is lower than cow milk and is easily digestible when compared to cow or buffalo milk. Taurine is present in goat milk which has inhibitory effect on hypertension, cardiovascular disease and synthesizes essential amino acids in human body. Asthma, anemia, stomach ulcers, constipation, sleeplessness, and neurotic indigestion have all been shown to be treated with goat milk. The goal of this review is to look at the differences in goat milk composition from cow and human milk, as well as the nutraceutical benefits on human health.
Asthma in elite athletes – do they have Type 2 or non-Type 2 disease? A new insight on the endotypes among elite athletes
Authors: Rasmussen Søren Malte , Hansen Erik Sören Halvard , Backer Vibeke
Published: October 2022

Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are highly prevalent in elite athletes compared with the general population. Some athletes have classic asthma with allergic sensitization; however, it seems that a proportion of athletes develop asthma as a result of several years of intensive training. It leads us to believe that asthma in athletes consists of at least two distinct endotypes – classic early-onset, Type 2 mediated asthma, and asthma with later onset caused by exercise which might be classified as non-Type 2 asthma. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on asthma in athletes focusing on inflammation and examine if asthma in athletes could be characterized as either Type 2- or non-Type 2 asthma.
Thermo-sensitive hydrogel combined with SHH expressed RMSCs for rat spinal cord regeneration
Authors: Gu Jun , Gao Biao , Zafar Hajra , Chu Bo , Feng Xiaojun , Ni Yinjie , Xu Lin , Bao Rui
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a damaging impact on patients, amid being a worldwide problem with no effective treatment. Herein, we reported a method for functional therapy of SCI in rats, wherein we combined thermo-sensitive hydrogel with Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) expressed in rat bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (RMSCs).

Methods: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats. The SHH was optimized and transferred into RMSCs via cationic liposomes, while thermo-sensitive hydrogel was reformed with hyaluronate (HA) and Pluronic F127. Then, a rat model with SCI was established accordingly by male SD rats and randomized into sham, model, RMSCs with hydrogel and SHH-RMSCs with hydrogel. The evaluation of SCI repair based on Basso, Beattie Bresnahanlocomotor rating scale (BBB scale) and inclined plate score. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin were utilized to explore the expression of protein (GFAP, GAP43, NF200 and MBP) and histopathology.

Results: It was demonstrated that transfection of SHH with cationic liposomes exhibited more effect in RMSCs than lipofectamine 2000. As shown in SEM, 3.5% HA-F127 demonstrated porous structure. In the MTT and dead/live assay, 3.5% HA-F127 showed good biocompatibility for RMSCs. Both RMSCs and SHH-RMSCs groups could significantly promote BBB and inclined plate scores (p < 0.01) compared with the model. Furthermore, the SHH-RMSC group was significantly improved than RMSC with the expression of related proteins, where NF200, MBP, and GAP43 were principally enhanced with the GFAP expression being virtually down-regulated.

Conclusion: All in all, the results suggested that transplantation of RMSCs with SHH could improve the function of SCI and promote nerve regeneration.
Promotion of bone formation and antibacterial properties of titanium coated with porous Si/Ag-doped titanium dioxide
Authors: Zhao Quanming , Wu Jieshi , Li Yankun , Xu Ruisheng , Zhu Xingyuan , Jiao Yang , Luo Rui , Ni Xiaohui
Published: October 2022

Implant materials are mainly used to repair and replace defects in human hard tissue (bones and teeth). Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are widely used as implant materials because of their good mechanical properties and biocompatibilities, but they do not have the ability to induce new bone formation and have no antibacterial properties. Through surface modification, Ti and its alloys have certain osteogenic and antibacterial properties such that Ti implants can meet clinical needs and ensure integration between Ti implants and bone tissue, and this is currently an active research area. In this study, bioactive Si and Ag were introduced onto a Ti surface by plasma oxidation. The surface morphology, structure, elemental composition and valence, surface roughness, hydrophilicity and other physical and chemical properties of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a profiler and a contact angle meter (CA). Adhesion and extensions of osteoblasts on the surface of the material were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and mineralization of osteoblasts on the surface of the material were observed by alizarin red staining. The antibacterial properties of the material were tested by culturing Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the material. The osteogenic properties of Ti implants with porous Si/Ag TiO2 (TCP-SA) coatings were evaluated with in vivo experiments in rats. The results showed that Si and Ag were successfully introduced onto the Ti surface by plasma oxidation, and doping with Si and Ag did not change the surface morphology of the coating. The osteoblasts showed good adhesion and extension on the surfaces of Si/Ag coated samples, and the porous Si/Ag TiO2 coating promoted cell proliferation and mineralization. The bacterial experiments showed that the porous TiO2 coatings containing Si/Ag had certain antibacterial properties. The animal experiments showed that Si/Ag-coated Ti implants promoted integration between the implants and the surrounding bone. It was concluded that the porous Si/Ag TiO2 coating on the Ti surface had good osteogenic and antibacterial properties and provides an optimal strategy for improving the osteogenic and antibacterial properties of Ti implants.
Inorganic nanomaterials for intelligent photothermal antibacterial applications
Authors: Wang Bao , Xu Yan , Shao Donghan , Li Leijiao , Ma Yuqin , Li Yunhui , Zhu Jianwei , Shi Xincui , Li Wenliang
Published: October 2022

Antibiotics are currently the main therapeutic agent for bacterial infections, but they have led to bacterial resistance, which has become a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed. The emergence of inorganic nanomaterials provides a new opportunity for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection. With the continuous development of nanoscience, more and more inorganic nanomaterials have been used to treat bacterial infections. However, single inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are often faced with problems such as large dosage, strong toxic and side effects, poor therapeutic effect and so on, so the combination of inorganic nano-materials and photothermal therapy (PTT) has become a promising treatment. PTT effectively avoids the problem of bacterial drug resistance, and can also reduce the dosage of inorganic nanomaterials to a certain extent, greatly improving the antibacterial effect. In this paper, we summarize several common synthesis methods of inorganic nanomaterials, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several typical inorganic nanomaterials which can be used in photothermal treatment of bacterial infection, such as precious metal-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials and carbon-based nanomaterials. In addition, we also analyze the future development trend of the remaining problems. We hope that these discussions will be helpful to the future research of near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion inorganic nanomaterials.
Ubiquitin modification in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation: From mechanisms to clinical significance
Authors: Pan Yuan , Tang Yiman , Gu Hang , Ge Wenshu
Published: October 2022

The ubiquitin–proteasome system is an important pathway for mediating posttranslational modification and protein homeostasis and exerts a wide range of functions in diverse biological processes, including stem cell differentiation, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. Many studies have shown that ubiquitination modification plays a critical role in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone formation through various mechanisms. This review summarizes current progress on the effects and mechanisms of ubiquitin modification on transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the review highlights the latest advances in the clinical application of drugs in bone tissue engineering. A thorough understanding of ubiquitin modifications may provide promising therapeutic targets for stem cell-based bone tissue engineering.
Rapid magnetic separation: An immunoassay platform for the SERS-based detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage biomarkers
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Jingyi , Zhao Peng , Yi Hui , Yuan Hui , Yang Mingfeng , Sun Baoliang , Che Fengyuan
Published: October 2022

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is of vital importance to the progression and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The construction of a simple, sensitive, and accurate detection assay for measuring the biomarkers associated with BBB injury is still an urgent need owing to the complex pathogenesis of SAH and low expression levels of pathological molecules. Herein, we introduced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) label-embedded Fe3O4@Au core-shell nanoparticles as ideal SERS sensors for quantitative double detection of MMP-9 and occludin in SAH patients. Meanwhile, utilizing the SERS signals to dynamically estimate MMP-9 and occludin concentration in the rat SAH model is the first application in exploring the relationship of pathological MMP-9 and occludin molecular levels with neurobehavioral score. This method warrants reliable detection toward MMP-9 and occludin with a wide recognition range and a low detection limit in blood samples. Furthermore, the results monitored by the SERS assay exactly matched with those obtained through a traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aforementioned results demonstrated this novel biosensor strategy has extensive application prospects in the quantitative measurement of multiple types of biomolecules in body fluid samples.
A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualization of intracellular hydrogen peroxide
Authors: An Baoshuai , Pang Shude , Zhang Yanru , Wei Ningning
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a crucial reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in redox signaling in physiological and pathological processes of living cells. Its normal production is closely related to signal transduction of living cells. Overproduction of H2O2in vivo has been proved to be related to many diseases. Some were developed to reveal the roles of H2O2. However, current fluorescent probes for the detection of H2O2 are restricted in their short emission wavelengths and small Stokes shifts that significantly decrease the sensitivity of detection and cellular visualization. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe BC-B was designed and synthesized with pinacol phenylboronic acid ester as a recognition group and near-infrared fluorophore BC-OH as a reporter group. BC-B probe exhibits a large Stokes shift (122 nm) and near-infrared emission (672 nm), showing an excellent selectivity and sensitivity in detection of H2O2 with the limit of 0.003 μmol/L. Confocal fluorescence imaging further demonstrates that BC-B can be used for detecting endogenous H2O2 in living cells.
Paired electrocatalysis in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural valorization
Authors: Qu Dalong , He Shuijian , Chen Lianhua , Ye Yifan , Ge Qingmei , Cong Hang , Jiang Nan , Ha Yang
Published: October 2022

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has aroused considerable interest over the past years as an important biomass-derived platform molecule, yielding various value-added products. The conventional HMF conversion requires noble metal catalysts and harsh operating conditions. On the other hand, the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF has been considered as an environmentally benign alternative. However, its practical application is limited by low overall energy efficiency and incomplete conversion. Paired electrolysis and highly efficient electrocatalysts are two viable strategies to address these limitations. Herein, an overview of coupled electrocatalytic HMF hydrogenation or hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with HMF oxidation as well as the associated electrocatalysts are reviewed and discussed. In this mini-review, a brief introduction of electrocatalytic HMF upgrading is given, followed by the recent advances and challenges of paired electrolysis with an emphasis on the integration HMF electrohydrogenation with HMF electrooxidation. Finally, a perspective for a future sustainable biomass upgrading community based on electrocatalysis is proposed.