bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced CRFR1-Dependent Regulation of a Ventral Tegmental Area to Prelimbic Cortex Projection Establishes Susceptibility to Stress-Induced Cocaine Seeking
Authors: Vranjkovic Oliver , Van Newenhizen Erik C. , Nordness Michael E. , Blacktop Jordan M. , Urbanik Luke A. , Mathy Jacob C. , McReynolds Jayme R. , Miller Anna M. , Doncheck Elizabeth M. , Kloehn Tyler M. , Stinnett Gwen S. , Gerndt Clayton H. , Ketchesin Kyle D. , Baker David A. , Seasholtz Audrey F. , Mantsch John R.
Published: October 2018

The ability of stress to trigger cocaine seeking in humans and rodents is variable and is determined by the amount and pattern of prior drug use. This study examined the role of a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-regulated dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the prelimbic cortex in shock-induced cocaine seeking and its recruitment under self-administration conditions that establish relapse vulnerability. Male rats with a history of daily long-access (LgA; 14 × 6 h/d) but not short-access (ShA; 14 × 2 h/d) self-administration showed robust shock-induced cocaine seeking. This was associated with a heightened shock-induced prelimbic cortex Fos response and activation of cholera toxin b retro-labeled VTA neurons that project to the prelimbic cortex. Chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway using a dual virus intersectional hM4Di DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) based approach prevented shock-induced cocaine seeking. Both shock-induced reinstatement and the prelimbic cortex Fos response were prevented by bilateral intra-VTA injections of the CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) antagonist, antalarmin. Moreover, pharmacological disconnection of the CRF-regulated dopaminergic projection to the prelimbic cortex by injection of antalarmin into the VTA in one hemisphere and the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, into the prelimbic cortex of the contralateral hemisphere prevented shock-induced cocaine seeking. Finally, LgA, but not ShA, cocaine self-administration resulted in increased VTA CRFR1 mRNA levels as measured usingin situhybridization. Altogether, these findings suggest that excessive cocaine use may establish susceptibility to stress-induced relapse by recruiting CRF regulation of a stressor-responsive mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding the neural pathways and mechanisms through which stress triggers relapse to cocaine use is critical for the development of more effective treatment approaches. Prior work has demonstrated a critical role for the neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in stress-induced cocaine seeking. Here we provide evidence that stress-induced reinstatement in a rat model of relapse is mediated by a CRF-regulated dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that activates dopamine D1 receptors in the prelimbic cortex. Moreover, we report that this pathway may be recruited as a result of daily cocaine self-administration under conditions of extended drug access/heightened drug intake, likely as a result of increased CRFR1 expression in the VTA, thereby promoting susceptibility to stress-induced cocaine seeking.
Trayectorias de la sistematización de experiencias. Su constitución como posibilidad de pensar la producción de conocimiento en escenarios académicos
Authors: Cogollo Carlos
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo muestra, mediante una exploración documental, las trayectorias que han permitido a la sistematización de experiencias pasar de ser en sus orígenes una propuesta política de organización comunitaria de la América Latina de los años sesentas, a constituirse en una apuesta por  la  producción  de  conocimiento  en  escenarios  académicos.  El documento es construido retomando a los autores más representativos sobre  el  tema  de  sistematización  de  experiencias.  Así  mismo,  busca mediante el rastreo realizado evidenciar algunas categorías en función de  los  soportes  epistemológicos  y  los  enfoques  metodológicos,  que fundamentan  la  sistematización,  finalmente  se  intenta,  a  partir  del recorrido propuesto, dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿Qué hacemos cuando sistematizamos?
RNA-Seq-Based Analysis Reveals Heterogeneity in Mature 16S rRNA 3′ Termini and Extended Anti-Shine-Dalgarno Motifs in Bacterial Species
Authors: Silke Jordan R , Wei Yulong , Xia Xuhua
Published: October 2018

We present an RNA-Seq based approach to map 3′ end sequences of mature 16S rRNA (3′ TAIL) in bacteria with single-base specificity. Our results show that 3′ TAILs are heterogeneous among species; they contain the core CCUCC anti-Shine-Dalgarno motif, but vary in downstream lengths. Importantly, our findings rectify the mis-annotated 16S rRNAs in 11 out of 13 bacterial species studied herein (covering Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Spirochaetes). Furthermore, our results show that species-specific 3′ TAIL boundaries are retained due to their high complementarity with preferred Shine-Dalgarno sequences, suggesting that 3′ TAIL bases downstream of the canonical CCUCC motif play a more important role in translation initiation than previously reported.
Chromatin Remodeling Factors Isw2 and Ino80 Regulate Chromatin, Replication, and Copy Number of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ribosomal DNA Locus
Authors: Cutler Sam , Lee Laura J , Tsukiyama Toshio
Published: October 2018

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ribosomal RNA genes are encoded in a highly repetitive tandem array referred to as the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus. The yeast rDNA is the site of a diverse set of DNA-dependent processes, including transcription of ribosomal RNAs by RNA polymerases I and III, transcription of noncoding RNAs by RNA polymerase II, DNA replication initiation, replication fork blocking, and recombination-mediated regulation of rDNA repeat copy number. All of this takes place in the context of chromatin, but little is known about the roles played by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors at the yeast rDNA. In this work, we report that the Isw2 and Ino80 chromatin remodeling factors are targeted to this highly repetitive locus. We characterize for the first time their function in modifying local chromatin structure, finding that loss of these factors decreases the fraction of actively transcribed 35S ribosomal RNA genes and the positioning of nucleosomes flanking the ribosomal origin of replication. In addition, we report that Isw2 and Ino80 promote efficient firing of the ribosomal origin of replication and facilitate the regulated increase of rDNA repeat copy number. This work significantly expands our understanding of the importance of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling for rDNA biology.
Dalyvavimo (methexis) problema platono dialoguose parmenidas ir didysis hipijas
Authors: Petuška Virgilijus
Published: October 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dalyvavimo (methexis) problema Platono dialoguose Parmenidas ir Didysis Hipijas. Parodoma, kad juose aprašyti argumentai, susiję su dalyvavimo problema, nurodo į šios problemos sąryšius su padalintos linijos analogija, aprašyta Platono Valstybėje. Ši analogija išryškina methexis problemos esmę – dalyvavimas kaip santykis tarp jusliškai suvokiamų atskirybių bei amžinų ir nekintančių eidų problemiškas tampa tik tuomet, kai nagrinėjamas tarpiško pažinimo (dianoia) plotmėje, t. y. samprotavimu, kuris išvadas pasiekia padedamas vaizdinių. Straipsnyje mėginama įrodyti, kad šiuose dialoguose dalyvavimo problema Platono sąmoningai nagrinėjama būtent per tarpiško pažinimo prizmę norint parodyti, kad bet koks bandymas mąstyti eidus per vaizdinius visuomet susidurs su neįveikiamais sunkumais ir paradoksais.
The effects of Matricaria chamomilla L.hydroalcoholic extract on atherosclerotic plaques, antioxidant activity, lipid profile and inflammatory indicators in rats
Authors: Nargesi Shahin , Moayeri Ardeshir , Ghorbani Ayub , Seifinejad Yaser , Shirzadpour Ehsan
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors seems to be necessary and involves a number of changes in drug treatment and lifestyle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract on antioxidant activity, atherosclerotic plaques, lipid profile and inflammatory indicators in rats.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups consisting of group 1 (Sham; normal dietary), group 2 (control; high cholesterol diet (2%)), group 3 (high cholesterol diet plus 55 mg/kg of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract), group 4 (high cholesterol diet plus 110 mg/kg of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract), and group 5 (high cholesterol diet plus 10 mg/kg of lovastatin). At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples of all the animals were taken for determination of antioxidant activity and the level of biochemical parameters. The hearts and aorta were also isolated for ontological tests.
Results: No symptom of plaque formation was observed in experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 that received the high cholesterol diet. High cholesterol diet (2%) resulted in a significant increase in serum cholesterol level, TG and LDL-c levels in groups 2 and 3 as compared to group 1 (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in serum cholesterol, TG and LDL-c levels in experimental groups 4 and 5, compared to experimental group 1. In group 4, serum HDL-c concentration did not show significant changes as compared to group 1. In groups 4 and 5, no significant change was observed in inflammatory factors as compared to group 1. The levels of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells and malondialdehyde in plasma of groups 3 and 5 showed no significant change when compared with group 1.
Conclusion: Chamomile led to the management and correction of changes in risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
Postoperative complications in equine elective, clean orthopaedic surgery with/without antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Failing Klaus , Koene Marc , Fey Kerstin , Stöckle Sabita
Published: October 2018

Objective: Retrospective analysis of postoperative complications in equines after clean, orthopaedic surgical procedures in order to detect differences between animals treated with antibiotics and horses without receiving these drugs. Material and methods: Details on 652 patients, surgical procedures and surgery-associated complications were compiled from horses being operated between June 2011 and January 2015. Antibiotic-receiving patients (n = 259) were tested for differences in complication rates and characteristics to controls (n = 393). Results: The total complication rate was 39.1 %. Increased swelling was observed most often (25.6 %), followed by exudation (7.5 %), fever without incisional alterations (2.3 %), suture dehiscence (1.8 %), and seroma (0.8 %). Seven patients (five treated, two controls) developed septic arthritis within a total of 463 arthroscopies (1.5 %). There were no significant differences in the development of postoperative complications, which were seen in 97/259 (37.5 %) antibiotic receiving patients and in 158/393 (40.2 %) controls. The application of perioperative antibiotics was significantly influenced by surgeon (p < 0.0001) and type of surgery (p = 0.0007) and increased with the number of surgical lesions (p = 0.03). In patients undergoing tendovaginoscopy/ bursoscopy, fasciotomy and neurectomy (n = 98), antibiotic prophylaxis was initiated less frequently than in other surgeries, e. g. combinations of surgeries, splint bone extraction, tenotomy, and arthroscopy (n = 554). Conclusion: Severe complications in equine clean orthopaedic surgery are rare and complication rates in patients either receiving perioperative antibiotics or not were not significantly different. Clinical relevance: Based on the results the use of antibiotics appears to be non-essential in uncomplicated elective orthopaedic interventions in the horse.
Magnesium bei Hund und Katze – physiologische Aspekte, Messung und Störungen im Magnesiumhaushalt
Authors: Güssow Arne , Bauer Natali , Moritz Andreas , Schulz Nicole
Published: October 2018

Magnesium ist nach Kalium das intrazelluläre Kation, das in höchster Konzentration im Körper vorkommt. Es spielt eine fundamentale Rolle in nahezu jedem metabolischen Prozess und ist wichtig für die Knochenmineralisierung, die Kontraktion und Relaxation des Muskels sowie die neuronale Erregungsübertragung. Aufgrund seiner Relevanz in der Intensivmedizin kam es in den letzten Jahren zu einem deutlichen Wissenszuwachs hinsichtlich des Verständnisses über die Funktionen von Magnesium im Körper, die Probleme, die zur Störung der Magnesiumhomöostase führen, und labordiagnostische Limitationen. Abweichungen der Serumkonzentration von Magnesium stellen eine der häufigsten Elektrolytstörungen dar und können zu lebensbedrohlichen Zuständen führen. Die _tamen_ Informationen bezüglich der Rolle von Magnesium _tamen neben der humanmedizinischen Literatur vor allem aus der Rindermedizin. In den letzten Jahren beschäftigten sich einige wenige Studien auch mit der Bedeutung dieses Elektrolyts bei Hund und Katze.
Die sonographische Darstellung der kaninen physiologischen Ovarien
Authors: Wehrend Axel , Conze Theresa
Published: October 2018

Die Sonographie des kaninen Ovars stellt als nichtinvasives Unter-suchungsverfahren beim Hund einen wichtigen Bestandteil der gynäkologischen Untersuchung dar. Gewisse technische Voraussetzungen sowie das Wissen über die Darstellung der physiologischen Ovarien in verschiedenen Zyklusphasen sind hierfür von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Artikel werden die technischen Voraussetzungen, der Unter-suchungsgang sowie die Darstellung der physiologischen Ovarien in verschiedenen Zyklusphasen dargestellt. Die Untersuchung kann sowohl am liegenden als auch am stehenden Tier durchgeführt werden. Zum Auffinden der Ovarien dienen die Nieren als Leitstruktur. Die Größe der Ovarien hängt von der Körpermasse des Hundes sowie vom Zyklusstand ab. Vor allem in der Follikelphase ist das Auffinden der Ovarien aufgrund der Funktionskörper im Vergleich zum Anöstrus erleichtert. Follikel stellen sich als anechogene runde Gebilde dar, die präovulatorisch einen maximalen Durchmesser von 6–9 mm erreichen. Gelbkörper erscheinen hypoechogen und wölben sich über die Ovaroberfläche vor. Im Anöstrus sind die Ovarien klein und von mittlerer Echogenität.
Vergleich der Effizienz von Polyhexanid-Biguanid, Argon-Kaltplasma und Kochsalzlavage zur Dekontamination von Bisswunden beim Hund
Authors: Winter Selina , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Nolff Mirja
Published: October 2018

Ziel der Studie war, die Keimbelastung sowie die klinische Effizienz von Polyhexanid, Argon-Kaltplasma und Kochsalzlösung zur Reduktion der Bioburden bei Hundebissverletzungen zu überprüfen.

Material und Methoden: In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden Hunde mit Bissverletzungen, die durch ein chirurgisches Debridement mit anschließender Wundbehandlung durch Lavage mit Polyhexanid-Biguanid (A), Therapie mit kaltem Argonplasma (B) oder Lavage mit physiologischer Kochsalzlösung (C) versorgt wurden. Ein bakterieller Abstrich erfolgte bei allen Patienten nach Debridement sowie nach der Lavage bzw. Behandlung mit Argon-Kaltplasma. Zur Auswertung der Resultate diente der Chi-Quadrat-Test.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt 40 Hunde gingen in die Studie ein (A: n = 12; B: n = 10; C: n = 18). Bei einem Großteil der Verletzungen handelte es sich um geringfügige Bisswunden. Ein Keimnachweis ergab sich bei 87,5% aller Patienten, wobei 19,8% aller Isolate als multiresistent klassifiziert wurden. Eine Reduktion der Keimlast durch Lavage wurde bei 8/12 Hunden der Gruppe A, 5/10 Hunden der Gruppe B und 14/18 Hunden der Gruppe C erreicht. Eine komplette Dekontamination durch Lavage gelang bei 5/12 Hunden der Gruppe A, 2/10 der Gruppe B und 9/18 der Gruppe C. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede oder Effekte auf spätere Komplikationen waren nicht festzustellen.

Schlussfolgerung: Zwischen den verschiedenen Lavagekonzepten bestanden keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede, doch wurde in der Kaltplasma-Gruppe die geringste Dekontamination erzielt.

Klinische Relevanz: Bei Bissverletzungen ist von einer hohen Keimbelastung auszugehen. Zudem werden zunehmend multiresistente Isolate nachgewiesen. Basierend auf diesen ersten Ergebnissen ließ sich keine Überlegenheit von Polyhexanid oder Kaltplasma gegenüber physiologischer Kochsalzlösung zur Wundlavage nachweisen.
Commercial Cinema as a learning tool in medical education, from potential medical students to seniors
Authors: Alonso Ortiz M. Belén
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The use of Commercial Cinema in education has a long tradition, but using movies to teach medical students is a relatively recent application. This topic is emerging as a learning tool to retrieve many of the essential values of the medical profession. There are various experiences of the use movies during pre-graduate and post-graduate medical periods. Medical issues, but also social, historical and humanistic elements are valuable, useful aspects available in a number of movies. In particular, General Medicine as well as Psychiatry are two of the medical specialties that have more experience in this field. Medical topics considered include doctor-patient relationship, medical professionalism, pre-clinical and clinical research, bioethics, and others. The learning methodology is simple, and the final results obtained by many working science-health groups are very good. We conclude that critically viewing selected commercial movies academic and humanistic training of future physicians and health professionals improve.The use of Commercial Cinema in education has a long tradition, but using movies to teach medical students is a relatively recent application. This topic is emerging as a learning tool to retrieve many of the essential values of the medical profession. There are various experiences of the use movies during pre-graduate and post-graduate medical periods. Medical issues, but also social, historical and humanistic elements are valuable, useful aspects available in a number of movies. In particular, General Medicine as well as Psychiatry are two of the medical specialties that have more experience in this field. Medical topics considered include doctor-patient relationship, medical professionalism, pre-clinical and clinical research, bioethics, and others. The learning methodology is simple, and the final results obtained by many working science-health groups are very good. We conclude that critically viewing selected commercial movies academic and humanistic training of future physicians and health professionals improve.
‘Just a year out’? – Challenges of the clinical teaching fellow
Authors: Ker Robert , Guckian Jonathan , Bowey Andrew J
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The number of clinical teaching fellows (CTF) has increased significantly over the past decade and have become a key stakeholder in medical education, bringing unique benefits and perspectives. There is, however, little in the literature examining the challenges of this role.This study explores the challenges of the CTF role using a phenomenological methodology, reporting on the findings of a workshop held at The Association for the Study of Medical Education's Annual Scientific Meeting in July 2018. Workshop attendees comprised of CTFs, educational administrative staff and consultants with a senior educational role. Attendees' perspectives were recorded on the day and subsequently underwent pattern analysis.Seven key areas of concern were revealed: poorly defined role identity, tension between different aspects of the role, rapid turnover and limited continuity, occasionally inappropriate pastoral role, limited career support, stigma towards the role, and being used as 'rota fodder'. Potential solutions to these challenges were also identified, centring on clear, structured job roles at a local level and a network of past and present CTFs at a national level.This is the first study examining the challenges facing this growing body of educators, and suggests further research is needed to deeper understand and address these issues.
Influence of soil amendments on dry matter production, concentration and adsorption of boron by broadbean (Vicia faba) under irrigation with waters having different boron concentration levels
Authors: Lima Maria Dolores Barbosa
Published: October 2018

Influence of soil amendments on dry matter production, concentration and adsorption of boron by broadbean (Vicia faba) under irrigation with waters having different boron concentration levels
Análise de crescimento em cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) submetidos a déficits hídricos, na região de Bauru-SP
Authors: Fumis Terezinha De Fátima , Pedras José Figueiredo , Sampaio Aloísio Costa
Published: October 2018

Análise de crescimento em cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) submetidos a déficits hídricos, na região de Bauru-SP
PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA DE PERÍODOS SECOS E CHUVOSOS NA REGIÃO DE DOURADOS, MS
Authors: Fietz Carlos Ricardo , Urchei Mário Artemio , Frizzone José Antonio , Folegatti Marcos Vinicius
Published: October 2018

PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA DE PERÍODOS SECOS E CHUVOSOS NA REGIÃO DE DOURADOS, MS  Carlos Ricardo Fietz Mário Artemio Urchei EMBRAPA-CPAO, Caixa Postal 661, 79804-970, Dourados, MS. José Antônio Frizzone Marcos Vinícius FolegattiESALQ-USP, Caixa Postal 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP.  1 RESUMO                 O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência de períodos secos e chuvosos na região de Dourados, MS. O estudo, realizado para períodos decendiais, baseou-se em dados diários de precipitação de uma série de 17 anos. As probabilidades de ocorrência foram determinadas utilizando-se cadeias de Markov. Verificou-se que julho e agosto são os meses com a maior probabilidade de ocorrerem períodos consecutivos secos, enquanto a menor probabilidade ocorreu para janeiro e fevereiro. Os terceiros decêndios de julho e de fevereiro são, respectivamente, os que apresentam a maior e a menor probabilidade de ocorrência de veranicos. Em todos os decêndios, a probabilidade de ocorrer períodos consecutivos chuvosos é pequena. UNITERMOS: Veranico, precipitação, irrigação.  FIETZ, C.R., URCHEI, M.A., FRIZZONE, J.A., FOLEGATTI, M. V.Probability of occurrence of dry and wet spells in Dourados, MS  2  ABSTRACT                 The aim of this work was to determine the probability of occurrence of sequence of dry and wet days at Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State. This study was done for intervals of 10 days, based on data rainfall for 17 years. The probabilities of occurrence of dry and wet spells were determined through of Markov chains. The highest probabilities dry spells occurrence happened in july and august, whereas the lowest probabilities occured in january and february. The highest and lowest probabilities dry ans wet spells occurrence happened during the last 10 days of july and february, respectively. The probabilities wet spells occurrence were low in every periods. KEYWORDS: Sequence of dry days, precipitation, irrigation
ESTUDO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE FREQÜÊNCIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL VISANDO O DIMENSIONAMENTO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: Saad João Carlos Cury , Frizzone José Antonio
Published: October 2018

ESTUDO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE FREQÜÊNCIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL VISANDO O DIMENSIONAMENTO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  João Carlos Cury SaadUNESP – Câmpus de Botucatu – Faculdade de Ciências AgronômicasDepto. de Eng. Rural – Cx. Postal 237 Fone: (014) 821-3883   -    Fax: (014) 8213438CEP: 18606-810 – Botucatu – SP – Brasil José Antonio FrizzoneUSP – Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”Depto.  de Eng. Rural,  Caixa Postal 09 - Fone: (019) 429-4217CEP: 13418-900 – Piracicaba – SP – Brasil  1 RESUMO Visando caracterizar e analisar a distribuição de freqüência da precipitação pluvial para fins de dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação na região de Piracicaba, SP, foram avaliados dados de 71 anos de observação, relativos ao mês de setembro, os quais foram agrupados em períodos de 5, 10, 15 e 30 dias. A distribuição Normal e a distribuição Mista utilizando a distribuição Gama incompleta foram aplicadas aos dados, sendo que somente a Mista mostrou-se estatisticamente adequada para representá-los. A prática usual de se adotar o valor médio da precipitação no cálculo da exigência em água da cultura revelou-se inadequada pois conduz ao subdimensionamento dos sistemas de irrigação, posto que as probabilidades associadas aos valores médios dos diferentes períodos variaram de 26 a 39%, diferindo acentuadamente do valor recomendado, que é de 75%. Verificou-se, ainda, que à medida que diminui o período, aumenta o erro decorrente do uso da precipitação média no dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação. UNITERMOS: chuva, precipitação pluvial, distribuição de freqüência, dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação.  SAAD, J.C.C. , FRIZZONE, J.A.  Study  of rainfall frequency distribution as related to irrigation system design  2 ABSTRACT The frequency distribution of  71 year rainfall data was studied to establish the parameters required in designing the irrigation systems. The rainfall was analysed using time periods of 5, 10, 15 and 30 days, during the month of September, for the region of county of Piracicaba, SP. The Normal distribution and the Mixed distribution using the Gama distribution were applied to the data. Through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test it was verified that only the Mixed distribution can represent  the frequency distribution of rainfall data. The use of monthly mean rainfall values in the estimation of irrigation water requeriment, when compared to the design criterium that establishes the probability of 75% as being the most suitable, showed to be a procedure that leads to underestimations in irrigation systems capacity. Furthermore, as the period decreases, increases the mistake due to the utilization of mean precipitation in the irrigation system design. KEYWORDS: rainfall, frequency distribution, irrigation systems design.
DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA DIMENSÃO FRACTAL DO MOVIMENTO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO EM FLUXOS HORIZONTAIS
Authors: Santos Edivania Dos , Guerrini Irae Amaral
Published: October 2018

DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA DIMENSÃO FRACTAL DO MOVIMENTO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO EM FLUXOS HORIZONTAIS  Edivânia dos Santos Departamento de Engenharia Rural - FCA - UNESPCaixa Postal 237 – CEP 18603-970 – Botucatu – SP Ivan Amaral GuerriniDepartamento de Física e Biofísica - IB – UNESP - Botucatu  1 RESUMO Em busca de novas tecnologias para produção agrícola, muitos esforços tem sido feitos no intuito de se conhecer importantes fenômenos da natureza como os que envolvem água, solo e planta.O movimento da água no solo como um processo de difusão pode ser visualizado também como um fenômeno fractal, associando o expoente n da equação x = l . t n  ao expoente de Hurst e caracterizando o fenômeno como Movimento Browniano fracionário.Este trabalho estudou a relação da posição em relação ao tempo para todo o espectro de umidade do solo durante o fenômeno de infiltração da água no solo, em colunas horizontais, em laboratório, com pressão de entrada da água ao nível zero, utilizando a equação acima .Para a medição da umidade utilizou-se a técnica da atenuação da radiação gama, sendo que os ajustes dos dados de umidade em função do tempo foram feitos pelo modelo Weibull. UNITERMOS : Fractal, água no solo, infiltração.  SANTOS dos, E., GUERRINI, I. A.  Experimental determination of the fractal dimension of the soil-water content in the horizontal flux.  2 ABSTRACT Searching for new tecnologies for agricultural production many efforts has been made to know important phenomena in nature involve water, soil and plant.The moviment soil-water how as a diffusion process can be visualized, as a fractal phenomenon, associating the exponente n of equation x = l . t n  to the Hurst exponent and caracterizing the phenomenon as a Bronwnian Fractional Motion.This paper studied the relation betwen the position and the time, for the full range water contents during soil-water infiltration, in horizontal columns, in the laboratory with water pressure entrance, utilizing the above equation. To measure soil water content the radiation gamma attenuation, was utilized the water content transients were fitted by the Weibull model. KEI-WORDS: Fractal, soil-water and infiltration.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE UM PROJETO DE IRRIGAÇÃO SEMIPORTÁTIL, COM DIFERENTES CONFIGURAÇÕES, PARA A CULTURA DE FEIJÃO
Authors: Campeche Luís Fernando De Souza Magno , Coelho Filho Maurício Antonio , Souza Sergio Antonio Veronez de , Coelho Rubens Duarte
Published: October 2018

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE UM PROJETO DE IRRIGAÇÃO SEMIPORTÁTIL, COM DIFERENTES CONFIGURAÇÕES, PARA A CULTURA DE FEIJÃO   Luís Fernando de Souza Magno CampecheMaurício Antonio Coelho FilhoSérgio Antônio Veronez de SousaRubens Duarte CoelhoESALQ-USP- Depto de Engenharia RuralFone: (019) 429-4217CEP: 13418-900 - Piracicaba-SP   1 RESUMO   O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar o custo de implantação e a receita líquida de um projeto de irrigação para cultura do feijão em duas regiões, com demandas evapotranspirométricas diárias de 7 e 4 mm. Analisou-se o efeito de diferentes espaçamentos de aspersores, motores (Elétrico e Diesel) e condição da adução. Os resultados mostraram que para as duas regiões, as maiores receitas líquidas foram obtidas com o uso de motor elétrico, jornada diária de 16 horas e condição de adução favorável. Em todas as situações as maiores receitas líquidas foram obtidas para o espaçamento de 18x18 metros. A condição de adução foi determinante, podendo inviabilizar o projeto em determinadas situações.   UNITERMOS: Aspersão, custo de implantação, irrigação.   CAMPECHE, L.F.S.M., COELHO FILHO, M.A., SOUSA, S.A.V., COELHO, R.D. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HAND MOVE IRRIGATION PROJECT WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS FOR BEAN CROPS.   2 ABSTRACT   The cost of implantation and the net income of an irrigation project for bean crop were analyzed in two regions with 7 and 4 mm of evapotranspirometric daily demand. The sprinkles spacings, motors (Electric and Diesel) and adduction conditions were evaluated. In both regions, the best results with regard to net income were obtained with the electromotor, 16 hours daily work and suitable adduction condition. The spacing of 18x18 m in all the treatments showed the best results regarding the net income. The project can be infeasible depending on the adduction condition. KEYWORDS: Sprinkling, implantation cost, irrigation.
OTIMIZAÇÃO DO DIMENSIONAMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA UTILIZANDO PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR E NÃO LINEAR
Authors: Matos José De Arimatea de , Cruz Raimundo Leite , Saad João Carlos Cury
Published: October 2018

OTIMIZAÇÃO DO DIMENSIONAMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA UTILIZANDO PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR E NÃO LINEAR[1]  José de Arimatea de MatosUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola – Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882 – Bodocongó – Campina Grande – PBCEP: 59.109-970 – Fone: (83) 310.1318 – e-mail: jamatos@deag.ufpb.br   Raimundo Leite Cruz João Carlos Cury SaadUNESP – Câmpus de Botucatu – Faculdade de Ciências AgronômicasDepto. de Engenharia Rural – Cx. Postal237 Fone: (14)6802.7207CEP: 18.606-810 – Botucatu – SP  1 RESUMO O propósito deste trabalho foi utilizar técnicas de pesquisa operacional no dimensionamento de um sistema de irrigação por microaspersão, a ser instalado em um pomar de goiaba de 10,08 há. Foram utilizados modelos de Programação Linear e de Programação Não-Linear visando a minimização dos custos. Para as mesmas condições hidráulicas e para uma taxa de juros anual de 6% e vida útil de 10 anos, obteve-se resultados semelhantes para  os dois modelos de programação analisados. O custo total por unidade de área fornecido pelo modelo de programação linear foi inferior em apenas 0,7% em relação ao modelo de programação não linear. UNITERMOS: Pesquisa operacional, irrigação localizada, minimização.  MATOS, J.A., CRUZ, R.L., SAAD, J.C.C.  DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING  2 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to apply linear and nonlinear models in the design optimization of a microsprinkler irrigation system.The crops to be irrigated is guava (Psidium guajava L.) and the orchard total area is 10.08 ha.             The objective function was of menimization of the total costs. For the same hydraulic conditions with an annual interest rate of 6% and cycle-life of 10 years, there was no difference between the linear and the nonlinear models outputs.            The total cost for the linear programming model was only 0,7% lower than the cost for the nonlinear programming model. KEYWORDS: Operational research, localized irrigation, minimization.[1] Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor
Optimisation of metal extraction from chromium ore processing residue in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Kamolpornwijit Wiwat , Meegoda Jay N , Batagoda Janitha H
Published: October 2018

The feasibility of extracting metals from chromium (Cr) ore processing residue (COPR) was investigated. COPR samples collected from four sites in New Jersey, USA (sites A, B, C and D) were mixed with 15% carbon by weight with different percentages of sand to neutralise the basic oxide in COPR and heated under a reducing environment to extract metals. At 15% and higher sand additions, a pool of melted metal was formed underneath the slag for some test batches. In this research, knowing the chemical composition of COPR and the depth of melt, the chemical engineering tools of phase and viscosity diagrams were used to compute the type and amounts of additives needed to optimise and compute the temperature and duration of melt to achieve maximum metal separations. With optimisation, as much as 30% by weight of metal was extracted from the initial mass of COPR collected from sites C and D when those melting mixtures contained 20% or more sand by weight. On average, the metal phase contained ∼90% of combined amounts of iron (Fe), chromium and titanium (Ti).
Evaluation of fatigue performance of ballastless track slabs reinforced with basalt-FRP and steel-FRP composite bars
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Gang
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to present a method for the mid-span deflection and crack width prediction of ballastless track slabs under fatigue loading. All nine ballastless track slabs were reinforced with steel fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars (SFCB), basalt FRP bars and traditional steel bars. The main parameters were the loading level and loading sequence. Three theoretical models for mid-span deflection were used and compared with the test results. The present study indicates that Lovegrove and El Din's model can predict the deflection more accurately for the SFCB slabs and traditional reinforced-concrete slabs, with the load level ranging from 0·45 to 0·6, and 0·5 to 0·6, respectively. To predict the crack width, the proposed regression equations showed satisfactory accuracy for both constant and variable fatigue loading, with the load levels ranging from 38% to 67·5% of the ultimate load.
Acil Serviste Düzenlenen Adli Raporların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERDOGAN ÇETİN Zeynep , TEYİN Aslihan , BİRDEN Birkan , ÇETİN Bilal , ŞAHİNER Göksel Gültekin , HAMAMCI Mehmet
Published: October 2018

AMAÇ
Acil servisler adli olguların sıklıkla ilk görüldükleri yerler olması
nedeniyle, hastalara acil servis hizmeti verilmesiyle birlikte adli raporların
en çok yazıldığı yer olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Hekimler tıbbi uygulamalarda
meydana gelen hatalarından sorumlu oldukları gibi, adli tıbbi uygulamalardan
kaynaklanan hatalarından da sorumludur. Çalışmamızda Devlet Hastanesi Acil
Servisi'nde düzenlenen adli raporlardaki eksikliklere dikkat çekilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.

GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM
Ardahan Devlet Hastanesi acil servisinde 01.06.2014-31.05.2015 tarihleri
arasında 1551 çocuk ve erişkin adli olgu için düzenlenen genel adli muayene
raporları olguların demografik özellikleri, olay etiyolojisi gibi standart adli
rapor formunda belirtilmesi gerekli olan bilgiler, bu bilgilerin kaydedilip
edilmediği ve lezyonun diyagramda işaretlenip işaretlenmediği açısından
retrospektif olarak incelendi.

BULGULAR
En sık olgu türünün künt travma, en sık başvurunun akşam saatlerinde olduğu,
yaralanma bölgelerinin, pozitif bulguların, konsültasyon ve laboratuar tetkik
sonuçlarının çoğu olguda kaydedilmediği, adli raporların çoğunlukla kati rapor
olarak düzenlendiği, hayati tehlike ve basit tıbbi müdahale ile giderilip
giderilememe durumlarının olguların yarısına yakınında belirtilmediği tespit
edildi.

SONUÇ
Çalışmamızda, acil serviste adli rapor düzenlenmesi konusunda yeterli özenin
gösterilmediği öngörüsü oluşmuştur. Bu durumun da eğitim eksikliğine bağlı
olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle hekimler yasal sorumlulukları gereği adli
raporlar ve ilgili yasal mevzuat hakkında bilgilerini sürekli olarak güncel
tutmalılardır.
Making Luria Broth (LB) v1
Authors: N Kaczmarczyk Angela
Published: October 2018

Luria Broth (LB) is a nutrient-rich liquid media that is used to grow bacterial cultures. Luria Broth consists of Tryptone, Yeast extract and Sodium Chloride mixed into distilled water.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ SOSYAL MEDYA ORTAMLARINI KULLANMA DURUMLARINA GÖRE ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜ EĞİTİME İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Hark Söylemez Nesrin , Oral Behçet
Published: October 2018

Bu
araştırmanın temel amacı eğitim fakültesi lisans programlarının son
sınıflarında öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının sosyal medya ortamlarını
kullanma durumlarına göre çok kültürlülüğe ve çok kültürlü eğitime ilişkin
görüşlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaca uygun olarak araştırmada genel tarama
deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim
yılının güz döneminde Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinin eğitim
fakültelerinin son sınıflarında öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın evreni büyük olduğu için çalışma evrenine
ulaşmada zaman ve maliyet tasarrufu sağlayabilmek amacıyla örneklem alma yoluna
gidilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Türkiye’nin her coğrafi bölgesinden 10
devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültelerinin son sınıflarında öğrenim görmeye
devam eden 443 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının sosyal
medya kullanma durumlarına göre çok kültürlü eğitime ilişkin görüşlerini
değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırmada açık uçlu sorular
kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır.
Betimsel istatistik teknikleri kapsamında çok kültürlülük ve çok kültürlü
eğitime ilişkin açık uçlu sorulara verilen yanıtlara ilişkin veriler frekans ve
yüzde olarak verilmiştir. Açık uçlu sorulara verilen yanıtların frekans ve
yüzde değerleri, öğretmen adayları tarafından verilen yanıtlardan yapılan
alıntılar ile desteklenmiştir. Araştırmada sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının büyük
çoğunluğunun sosyal medya kullanımının çok kültürlü bir bakış açısı kazandırabileceğini
düşündükleri, çok kültürlü eğitim sisteminin benimsenmesinin sonuçlarını eğitim
sistemi açısından olumlu olarak değerlendirdikleri, üniversite eğitimlerinin
çok kültürlü eğitime ilişkin bakış açıları üzerinde olumlu bir etki yaptığını
belirttikleri görülmüştür.

Bu makale için 21-03-2021 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayınlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esosder/issue/59802/871851
ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Han Bünyamin , Dağlı Abidin , Elçiçek Zakir
Published: October 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Meyer, Allen ve Smith (1993)
tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği’ni (Commitment Scale)
Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Literatürde ölçeğe ilişkin uyarlamalarda geçerlik ve
güvenirlikle ilgili yetersizliklere ve karmaşaya rastlanıldığından bu
uyarlamanın yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Ölçeğin uyarlama çalışmaları
kapsamında öncelikle, İngilizceden Türkçeye ve Türkçeden İngilizceye çeviri
çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Literatürdeki mevcut çevirilerle karşılaştırılıp uzman
görüşü doğrultusunda ön uygulama formu hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra öğretmenler
tarafından anlaşılırlığını test etmek üzere bir grup öğretmene uygulandıktan
sonra asıl uygulamaya geçilmiştir. 226 öğretmene uygulanan ölçeğin geçerlik
çalışmaları kapsamında Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçları,
orijinal yapının Türkçe formda da aynı yapıda karşılık bulduğunu ve
doğrulandığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, her bir maddenin faktör çözümlemesi içinde
kalıp kalmayacağına karar verilmesi için kullanılan ölçütlerden biri olan
“Anti-image Korelasyon Matrisi değerleri de beklenen değerlerin üstünde değerler
alarak her maddenin faktör çözümlemesi içinde kalabileceğini göstermiştir.
Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan Cronbach Alpha ve madde toplam
korelasyon değerlerine ilişkin sonuçlar da beklenen değerler üzerinde çıkarak
ölçeğin güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. Böylece yapılan
geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda, ölçeğin Türkiye’de Milli Eğitim
Bakanlığı’na bağlı okullarda görevli öğretmenlerin “Örgütsel Bağlılık” la
ilgili algılarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir
araç olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
YEREL DEMOKRASİ–GÜVENLİK SARMALINDA YEREL YÖNETİMLER: TÜRKİYE’DE BELEDİYELERE KAYYUM ATANMASI PRATİĞİ
Authors: Güler Tahsin , Yılmaz Abdullah
Published: October 2018

Demokratik bir toplumda “özgürlük”, “güvenlik” ve “demokrasi”
dengesinin sağlanması büyük zorluklar içermektedir. Söz konusu dengenin
sağlanmasında özgürlüklerin ve demokrasinin korunması asıl ve öncelikli olmakla
birlikte, özellikle 11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra artan terör tehditlerine
karşı alınan güvenlik tedbirlerinin, gelişmiş Batı demokrasileri de dahil,
birçok ülkede demokratik özgürlüklerin kısıtlanmasına yol açtığı görülmektedir.

Çalışmada Türkiye’de teröre destek vermeleri
nedeniyle bazı belediyelere kayyum atanması uygulaması “özgürlükler, demokrasi
ve güvenlik ilişkisi” bağlamında değerlendirilerek “Kamu düzeni ve güvenlik
kaygısı yerel demokrasiyi askıya aldırır mı? Sorusuna cevap aranmış,
uygulamanın yerel demokrasiyi önemli ölçüde askıya aldığı ancak olağanüstü
şartlarda zaruretten kaynaklanması, ulusal ve uluslararası normlara uygun ve
şartların gerektirdiği sınırlarda olmasının en azından olağanüstü koşullar sürdüğü
müddetçe meşru ve kabul edilebilir bir yönetim pratiği sayılabileceği
değerlendirilmektedir.
Preclinical HbA1c level studies of Brihat Khadir Batika and Chandraprabha Batika after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Hafsa Asha Umma , Saha Nilay , Sikder Md. Mamun , Akter Khadija , Sony Tahmina Akter , Sinha Md. Hasif , Rahman Md Mahabur , Choudhuri M. S. K.
Published: October 2018

Background: Brihat Khadir Batika (BKD) and Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) are Ayurvedic preparations used as traditional medicines for different clinical indications in the rural population. BKD is used in diseases of throat and CPB is used in glandular enlargement. In this study we evaluate the influence of these preparations on HbA1c (%) level.Methods: To find out the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged period of time, Ayurvedic medicinal preparations BKD and CPB were administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of BKD and CPB the following changes were noted. In this experiment Glycated Hemoglobin A1C level was determined.Results: The results of the study of in vitro quantitative determination of rat Glycated hemoglobin A1c concentrations in serum studies are thus: BKD caused a statistically insignificant (p=0.066) increase in the HbA1c level of the male rat (16.87% increase). CPB demonstrated a statistically insignificant (p=0.079) (17.47%) increase in the HbA1C level of the blood of the male rat.Conclusions: Both preparation BKD and CPB found in increasing HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat.
A study on the safety and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with connective tissue disease
Authors: Das Subham , Padhan Prasanta
Published: October 2018

Background: Connective tissue disorders (CTD) are mostly due to inflammatory and fibrotic tissue injury. Glucocorticoids and immunomodulators though useful but are toxic. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is now being used successfully in many autoimmune diseases, but the safety of MMF in CTD patients is yet to be conclusively established.Methods: The study was a retrospective record based observational one in patients of CTD satisfying the predetermined inclusion criteria. Various safety parameters were noted down from the observed records and analysed accordingly.Results: The 120 case records of CTD patients were analysed for a specific set of safety parameters over the preceding one year. Diarrhoeal attacks were the most commonly encountered side effect (38.3%) of long term patients who were on mycophenolate therapy followed by infection.Conclusions: Mycophenolate was found to be generally well tolerated in CTD patients with few reports of adverse events, but larger clinical trials are needed to conclusively establish its safety.
METHOD OF UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENTS FOR THE MULTI-CRITERIAL DECISION MAKING
Authors:   Povolzhsky State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Piyavsky S.
Published: October 2018

The problem of multi-criteria choice is a key element in making complex decisions and it has not lost its relevance for more than half a century. A number of approaches and methods suggest that the decisions made with their use are most rational. An overview of the most common methods and their applications is presented. The main element of most of these methods is the linear convolution of particular criteria, and their difference consists in one or another heuristic or expert way of specifying the numerical coefficients of the importance of the criteria. Author developed an approach that allows the pre-calculated universal tables of numerical coefficients of the importance of particular criteria to be used in the formation of a linear convolution, which significantly reduces both the complexity of the decision-making process and the inevitable subjectivism arising from heuristic selection or expert assignment of its coefficients. In the paper, an analogous approach is developed for an equally theoretically and practically important convolution of criteria, which in different publications is called differently: minimax, guarantee, Hermieier convolution. This allowed us to propose a new general method for making decisions and comparing multicriteria alternatives (the MUC method), based on the joint use of both types of bundles. Its application was demonstrated on two practically important tasks - the rating evaluation of universities and the analysis of various design concepts of high-altitude unmanned aero vehicles.