bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Effect of Electrode Type on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in the Welding Process of Miilux 500 Protection Armour Steels with Shielded Metal Arc Welding Method
Authors: Ada Hakan , Çobanoğlu Muhammed Ahmet , Kaya Nihat
Published: December 2024

This study highlights the critical importance of electrode selection in ensuring the mechanical integrity and metallurgical reliability of welded armour steel, contributing valuable insights for future applications in the defence industry. In this study, plates produced from Miilux Protection 500 armour steel were joined by the electric arc welding method with Citochromax and Tenacito 80 shielded electrodes produced by Magmaweld. To characterise the mechanical and metallurgical performances of the joints, tensile, hardness and bending tests were performed on the samples taken from the joints and optical microscope and SEM examinations were performed. When all the results were evaluated in the shielded electrode electric arc welding applications of Protection 500 armour sheets of steel, the most suitable metallurgical and mechanical performance electrode was Tenacito 80.
Characterization of 3-Chloro-4-Fluoronitrobenzene Molecule with New Calculation Methods and Discussions for Advanced Applied Sciences
Authors: Oz Muhammed , Erturk Ali Serol , Erdem Umit
Published: December 2024

This current research characterizes 2-chloro-1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene molecule via the Hartree Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical computational techniques using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels of computation. The molecular geometries, thermodynamic quantities at 300 K, NMR chemical shifts, corresponding vibrational spectra, UV-vis spectra, vibrational frequencies, and atomic point charge distributions are extensively investigated. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, and theoretical vibrational frequencies are compared to the experimental results. It is obtained that all calculations are in agreement with the available experimental data which has the 1H isotropic chemical shifts range from 8.306 ppm to 7.235 ppm, while the computed values range from 9.0368 ppm to 6.8397 ppm, 8.3213 ppm to 6.1242 ppm at DFT and HF GIAO levels, respectively. Besides, calculated 13C chemical shifts vary from 141.83 ppm to 186.394 ppm and from 129.743 ppm to 174.373 ppm by using DFT and HF in CH4, while these values are in the range of 117.00 ppm to 164.59 ppm, experimentally. This points out that the chosen computation sets are highly effective methods for identifying and characterizing the compound. In addition, simulations are performed to examine frontier molecular orbitals, electrostatic potential, and molecular electrostatic potential regions. Key properties such as dipole moment, chemical hardness, transition states, electronegativity, molecular softness, nucleophilic aromatic regions, electrophilicity index, and energy band gap are also analyzed to explore potential future applications such as advanced applied sciences, industry, chemistry, medical, physics, biology, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and agrochemicals of the compound. Additionally, it is noted that the compound contains significant intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) regions, lone electron pairs, electron-donating groups, π-bond conjugation, and particularly reactive electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic sites. Accordingly, it is pointed out that the molecule has a strong potential for metallic bonding as well as various intermolecular interactions. In summary, this study provides valuable information that will benefit both basic research and technological or industrial applications by increasing the understanding of physical, chemical, structural, and reactive features of the 3-chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene molecule.
X-Ray Radiation Responses of 4H-SiC MOS with Eu2O3/SiO2 Dual Dielectric
Authors: Saleh Harem , Kaya Şenol , Kalkan Yalçın , Terzioğlu Rıfkı , Terzioğlu Cabir
Published: December 2024

This study examines the effects of X-ray irradiation on the structural and electrical properties of Eu₂O₃ dielectric thin films deposited on SiC substrates. The films were exposed to varying radiation durations, and their structural changes were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while electrical properties were evaluated through capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) measurements. The results revealed that increased radiation exposure led to an increase in crystalline size and lattice strain, attributed to local heating and atomic rearrangements caused by radiation. Electrical analysis showed slight shifts in flat band and mid-gap voltages due to radiation-induced defects, which influenced charge trapping behavior. Despite the observed defects, the dielectric material exhibited stable electrical performance under the tested radiation conditions, indicating its potential for radiation-tolerant electronic devices. These findings highlight the applicability of Eu₂O₃ as a high-k dielectric material for advanced electronic devices operating in radiation-harsh environments.
The Production of Rice Husk Ash and Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Composites under High-Temperature Effects
Authors: Filazi Ahmet , Kurtoğlu Nesrin , Kural Fatih
Published: December 2024

Alkali-activated concretes offer several advantages over conventional Portland cement-based concretes, including environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and improved permeability. The use of alkali-activated concretes, as a replacement for Portland cement, provides significant environmental benefits, such as reducing carbon dioxide emissions by up to 80%, and facilitates the recycling and reuse of industrial and agricultural by-products. This study focuses on the development of alkali-activated concrete by incorporating industrial by-products like blast furnace slag and rice husk ash. A mixture of alkali-activated concrete based on blast furnace slag will be prepared, with partial substitution of Portland cement by these by-products by weight. The study will investigate the effects of these substitutions on the flexural and compressive strengths of the concrete over periods of 7, 28, and 90 days, as well as its fire resistance at temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800°C. The aim of this research is to contribute to the advancement of alkali-activated concrete technology, promoting the use of industrial by-products in the creation of more sustainable and environmentally-friendly construction materials.
Assessment of morphometric traits of camels using principal component analysis
Authors: ROTIMI Emmanuel Abayomi , ARUWAYO Adebayo , GARBA Muhammad Ghazali , LAMIDO Musa
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the morphometric traits of camels in Katsina State, Nigeria. 51 camels (24 females and 27 males) were selected randomly for the study. Data were collected on individual camels, including; heart girth (HG), abdominal girth (AG), rump height (RH), shoulder height (SH), neck length (NL) and head length (HL), and subjected to statistical analysis procedures of SPSS version 23.0.0, for descriptive statistics, phenotypic correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results revealed that the overall mean body weight of the camels was 230.73 kg, with females averaging 216.15 kg and males 243.70 kg. Phenotypic correlation indicated a strong positive correlation between body weight and HG (r = 0.877 for females, r = 0.911 for males; p<0.01), suggesting that HG is a reliable predictor of body weight in camels. Two principal components (PCs) extracted in male and female camels explained 77% and 84% of the total variation, respectively. For females, PC1 accounted for 57.768% of the variance and was strongly associated with HG, AG, SH, and NL. In males, PC1 explained 65.714% of the variance, with similar trait loadings. HG, AG, and SH emerged as key variables influencing overall body size, while rump height was distinct, potentially linked to mobility and endurance. These findings suggest that heart and abdominal girth, are essential indicators of body weight and conformation in camels, highlighting the potential for using these traits in selective breeding programs aimed at improving camel productivity.
Colchicine-induced polyploidy and morphological changes in wild Silene compacta Fischer: Potential as an ornamental plant in Türkiye
Authors: PARLAKOVA KARAGÖZ Fazilet , DURSUN Atilla , DUMLU Berrin , KARAŞAL Melek , KARAGÖZ Halit
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to induce polyploidy in Silene compacta Fischer by applying varying colchicine doses and soaking durations while evaluating resultant changes in plant growth and morphology. Silene compacta seeds growing naturally in Erzurum and its surroundings were treated with different colchicine doses (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%) and soaking durations (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). In addition, two different application methods (dripping on the shoot tip of the seedlings and application to the root tip meristem regions) were also tested. The control group received only pure water. As a result of our study, the toxic effect of colchicine at low doses (0.01% and 0.05%) in root application was not lethal and the plants survived 100%. However, higher doses and prolonged applications (e.g. 0.2% and 0.4%) led to plant death. Application to the shoot tip was more toxic, especially high doses (e.g. 0.2% and 0.4%) caused plant death. Colchicine treatments affected stomatal number and stomatal size. In root applications, stomatal width increased at 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% doses, but decreased at higher doses. In shoot tip treatments, the highest stomatal number was determined at 0.01% dose. Stomatal length decreased with increasing dose and this decrease was significant compared to the control group. The optimal soaking duration for the increasing stomatal length was determined as 12 hours for both root and shoot tip applications. As a result, it was found that the S. compacta plants kept at 0.1% colchicine dose for 12 hours in both treatment methods were likely to be tetraploid. Also, it was predicted that various S. compacta cultivation materials with improved properties that can be used as main materials in future breeding programs can be developed.
Curriculum Merdeka Concept Based on The Perspectives of John Dewey’s Progressivism Philosophy
Authors: Sri Sulis Kurniawati
Published: December 2024

Education can create the creative and innovative knowledge because it is always updated. Education also aims to improve skills, build character, educate people's lives, and improve the quality of life and human dignity in Indonesia. One way to perfect the concept of the national education system is through a progressive approach. The purpose of this study is to review the literature review of several research findings that have been published in a journal related to the philosophical view of John Dewey's progressivism which was carried out on the independent learning curriculum of the independent campus. Based on the literature review, it was found that the role of independent learning in universities is very important in the development of the Indonesian educational community. This is because independent learning on an independent campus is one form of accelerating the response to educational and globalization problems. This is also in line with the very influential tendency of progressivism, which requires rapid change.
Teaching English Pronunciation in Between Color and Vowel
Authors: Prisna Aswarita Putri  , Fatima  , Nurfauziah Mansur  , Zul Aini Rengur  , Zulfikri
Published: December 2024

Potent pronunciation is crucial for successful communication in any language, particularly in English, which presents numerous phonetic challenges for learners. Mastery of pronunciation not only enhances intelligibility but also fosters confidence among learners when engaging with native speakers. As educational methodologies evolve, innovative approaches to teaching pronunciation have emerged, one of which is the Color Vowel Approach. This research investigates the effectiveness of this method in enhancing English vowels pronunciation skills among first semester students of English Tadris study program in State Islamic University Datokarama Palu. With participants amounted to 40 students, this quasi- experimental research unveiled notable enhancement following the employment of Color Vowel Approach, backed by statistical findings (p<0.05). While the Color Vowel Approach provides thrilling learning atmosphere, more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effectiveness compared to other traditional method of teaching pronunciation. This research supplies to the discourse on the innovative teaching approach, offering practical recommendation in enhancing pronunciation skills in higher education.
Informal help and support practices for older adults and their families in rural areas
Authors: Matysiak Ilona
Published: December 2024

Wprowadzenie. Populacja wiejska w Polsce i w Stanach Zjednoczonych starzeje się. Cechy charakterystyczne tego procesu to długowieczność, a także indywidualizacja, feminizacja i singularyzacja. Rodzi to wyzwania dotyczące wsparcia i opieki, które umożliwiałyby
dobrą jakość życia i starzenie się w miejscu zamieszkania. Cel. Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie nieformalnych i pozarodzinnych praktyk opieki i wsparcia dla ludzi starszych, które występują w społecznościach wiejskich w Polsce i w Stanach Zjednoczonych, a także jakie czynniki mogą je wzmacniać lub osłabiać. Metody i materiały. Empiryczna część artykułu opiera się na danych jakościowych pochodzących z badań własnych, przeprowadzonych w 2023 roku w trzech gminach wiejskich w Polsce oraz w 2022 roku w czterech małych wiejskich miasteczkach w stanie Iowa. Dane pochodzą z wywiadów pogłębionych z mieszkańcami w wieku 65 lat i więcej oraz z lokalnymi informatorami. Wyniki. Zidentyfikowane nieformalne i pozarodzinne praktyki opieki i wsparcia obejmują sąsiedzką czujność i pomoc, wzajemne wsparcie w ramach sieci tworzonych przez osoby starsze, a także pomoc przedstawicieli lokalnych instytucji wykraczającą poza ich
formalne obowiązki. Praktyki te najczęściej dotyczą IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), np. zakupów, transportu oraz wsparcia emocjonalnego. Sprzyjają im silne więzi sąsiedzkie, a także relacje tworzące się w ramach wspólnego zaangażowania w lokalne organizacje lub wspólnoty religijne. Bardzo rzadko obejmują pomoc w ADL (Activities of Daily Living), np. w utrzymaniu higieny osobistej lub pomoc finansową. Osoby wykazujące zachowania dewiacyjne mogą być wykluczane z dostępu do takich praktyk pomocy i wsparcia. Dominującą rolę w opiece nieformalnej pełni rodzina, ale wsparcie pozarodzinne może być do pewnego stopnia jej substytutem, a na pewno ważnym uzupełnieniem.
Community support for seniors with impairments in cognitive abilities, and their families, through an assistant social service
Authors: Bieńkowski Mateusz , Kruk Anna Monika
Published: December 2024

Cel. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie nowej usługi społecznej w Polsce polegającej na asyście osób z neurodegeneracyjnymi problemami zdrowotnymi, zaprezentowanie form i zakresu wsparcia w ramach usługi asystenckiej, a także analiza badawcza projektu usługi asystenckiej
w ramach programu realizowanego przez Fundację „Wsparcie”. Tekst składa się z trzech części, wprowadzenia oraz podsumowania. Pierwsza część artykułu przedstawia realizowane usługi społeczne na rzecz środowiska seniorów w Polsce, w szczególności dla osób z problemami poznawczymi, oraz wybrane instrumenty pomocy społecznej dla seniorów w ich środowisku zamieszkania. Część druga jest próbą określenia ram teoretycznych usług osobistej asysty osoby z problemami poznawczymi. Usługa osobistej asysty może być wzorowana na zawodzie asystenta osoby niepełnosprawnej. W części trzeciej znajduje się rezultat badania jakościowego. Metody i materiały. W dwóch pierwszych częściach tekstu przedstawiono badania zrealizowane za pomocą metodyki analiz teoretycznych, charakterystycznych dla nauk społecznych, w tym desk research oraz analizy dyskursu. Część badawczą artykułu oparto o dwie metody: indywidualnego wywiadu oraz analizę dokumentów zastanych, czyli desk research, a obie należą do nurtu badań jakościowych. Wyniki i wnioski. Osobista asysta osoby z problemem demencji i jej rodziny jest nowym modelem wsparcia seniorów w Polsce, stworzonym na podstawie autorskiej koncepcji
Fundacji „Wsparcie”. Może być realizowana na bazie istniejących instrumentów organizacyjnych i prawnych w ramach pomocy społecznej oraz na podstawie doświadczeń różnych podmiotów w ramach tzw. dobrych praktyk. Asystenci osobiści seniorów z problemami neuropoznawczymi stosują profesjonalne techniki wsparcia osób z niepełnosprawnościami.
Challenges in social work with older people
Authors: Chmielewska Anna Dominika
Published: December 2024

Cel. Celem niniejszego artykułu są wyzwania w pracy socjalnej z osobami starszymi. W swoich rozważaniach wychodzę od potrzeby akceptacji, bycia ważnym i potrzebnym, która tkwi w każdym człowieku. Tłem do tych rozważań jest naświetlenie sytuacji demograficznej
Polski oraz najistotniejszych pojęć związanych ze starością jako etapem życia człowieka. Następnie ukazuję główne obszary w pracy socjalnej z osobami starszymi. Pokazuję je w kontekście trudności, z którymi mierzą się seniorzy w Polsce. Wyzwania w pracy socjalnej oscylują zatem wokół stworzenia osobie starszej poczucia, że jest ważna, że jej życie, pomimo różnych problemów i trudności, ma sens. To zadanie nie
tylko dla pracowników socjalnych i przedstawicieli innych instytucji, których działania koncentrują się wokół pracy z osobami starszymi i na ich rzecz, lecz także dla całego społeczeństwa. Metody i materiały. W artykule dokonano przeglądu i analizy wybranych publikacji na
temat starości oraz szeroko rozumianej sytuacji osób starszych i trudności, z którymi spotykają się na co dzień. W oparciu o nie sformułowano wnioski dotyczące wyzwań w pracy socjalnej z tą grupą klientów. Wyniki i wnioski. Wyzwaniem w pracy socjalnej z osobami starszymi jest przede wszystkim wnikliwa analiza ich położenia życiowego. W pierwszej kolejności ważne jest oczywiście zabezpieczenie społeczne, a jednocześnie motywowanie, aktywizowanie, ale przede wszystkim budowanie w nich poczucia, że są ważni, potrzebni oraz że nie są sami.
Updated version of the Retrospective Family of Origin Parenting Functionality Scale
Authors: Kwiatkowski Piotr , Wylęgły Kamila , Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa
Published: December 2024

Cel. Celem przeprowadzonych analiz było sprawdzenie struktury nowej, rozszerzonej wersji narzędzia do pomiaru funkcjonalności wychowawczej rodziny pochodzenia. Modyfikacja narzędzia polegała na dołączeniu do wersji opracowanej poprzednio dwóch nowych
podskal mierzących promowanie w rodzinie generacyjnej sukcesu edukacyjnego oraz uczestnictwa w kulturze. Metody i materiały. Badania przeprowadzono na próbie 1270 osób w wieku 18-37 lat. Do oceny struktury narzędzia wykorzystano eksploracyjną i konformacyjną analizę czynnikową. Niezależnie od powyższego wykorzystano analizę regresji czynnikowej do weryfikacji związku podskal kwestionariusza ze zdolnością do pozytywnej adaptacji (resilience-trait). Wyniki i wnioski. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań wyekstrahowano trzy podskale. Pierwszą jest pozytywny klimat relacji wychowawczej w rodzinie (łączącą aspekt autoratywnego wychowania i resiliencji systemu rodzinnego). Dwie dodatkowe podskale wyodrębnione w analizach to orientacja rodziców na sukces edukacyjny dziecka i na promowanie uczestnictwa dziecka w kulturze wyższej. Struktura powyższa ujawniła się w eksploracyjnej analizie czynnikowej i została zweryfikowana w konfirmacyjnej analizie czynnikowej. Analizy regresji czynnikowej pozwoliły ustalić występowanie istotnych efektów interakcyjnych pomiędzy poszczególnymi podskalami narzędzia a poziomem resilience. Kombinacje wysokich wyników poszczególnych podskal prowadziły do najwyższych wskaźników zdolności pozytywnej adaptacji u osób badanych. Powyższe rezultaty pozwalają pozytywnie ocenić trafność pomiaru funkcjonalności wychowawczej rodziny zastosowanym narzędziem badawczym. W toku dalszych badań należałoby potwierdzić strukturę narzędzia w losowo dobranych próbach zróżnicowanych wiekowo i kulturowo. Należałoby również więcej uwagi poświęcić potwierdzeniu trafności pomiaru zaprojektowanym narzędziem.
Morphopathology of the Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, 1782) liver under the effect of allyl acetate
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Koziy M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To assess the liver parenchyma of Prussian carp based on the analysis of histological parameters of the organ, to establish the level of the effect of alylacetate on the physiological status of fish and the degree of their damage. To determine the prospects for using the obtained results in ichthyological and ecological practice.

Methodology. The primary materials were obtained in the summer of 2024 in the Ingul River, city of Mykolaiv. The processing of histological samples was performed at the laboratory of histology, cytology and embryology of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University in accordance with generally recognized manuals and the author’s methodology for histological diagnosis of fish tissues.

Findings. The study showed that uner the action of allyl acetate, significant changes occur in the marginal and medial zones of the organ in the form of a shift in a certain function, which leads to a change in intracellular metabolism and narrow cellular specialization.

With the potential effect of allyl acetate, the reaction of hepatocytes was manifested in an increase in the lipid content in the cytoplasm. The general effect was visualized through the development of a picture of total lipostasis.

Fatty degeneration was accompanied by vascular disorders and hemodynamic disorders, the presence of an inflammatory reaction.

Under conditions of prolonged exposure to the toxicant, the number of hepatocytes with two nuclei and nucleoli increased significantly, which was recorded in healthy individuals and was not considered a sign of pathology.

Under conditions of prolonged exposure to chemical stress, carcinogenesis was activated in the fish liver. This was evidenced by a characteristic picture of a failure of the moment of transition of the sequence and periodicity of morphogenetic processes, which manifested itself in the form of atypical cellular polymorphism.

Originality. New data are presented on the reaction of the histological structure of the liver parenchyma of fish under conditions of technogenic load in the water body. For the first time, a detailed histological analysis of the structure of the organ under conditions of prolonged exposure to allyl acetate has been carried out. Information on changes in liver tissue, which demonstrate the destruction of its adaptive potential, has been supplemented.

Practical Value. The information obtained is valuable in morphophysiological studies, as well as in ichthyological and ecological practice in connection with the problem of reducing the vital status of fish under conditions of technogenic loads on water bodies. The use of the obtained data allows for a qualitative assessment of the physiological state of fish and can be used in the process of developing corrective measures for the purpose of environmental protection.

Keywords: fish, toxicants, liver parenchyma, marginal zone, medial zone, hepatocyte, nucleus, glycogen, cytoplasm, lipostasis.
Assessment of the impact of the great cormorant (Phalaсrocorax carbo sinensis Shaw et Nodder, 1801) on fish resources of the Obytichna Spit the Sea of Azov
Authors:   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Zaporizhzhia, Sydorenko A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. Assessment of the impact of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) on fish resources of the Sea of Azov and determination of dietary needs and feeding habits of this species during its nesting period on the Obytichna Spit (Zaporizhzhia region).

Methodology. The study is based on field materials collected between 2015 and 2017 on the Obytichna Spit (Berdyansk district, Zaporizhzhia region). Data collection and processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The analysis of food samples was conducted by collecting regurgitations within the nesting colony and by analyzing the stomach contents of cormorants (n = 50) obtained from individuals eliminated by employees of the State Enterprise “Prymors’k Forestry” during planned population control measures. Based on these analyses, the daily fish consumption of the cormorant colony was estimated over the annual period, and the ratio of fish removed by cormorants to the official fish catch by fishermen was also analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using MS Excel.

Findings. The study showed that the diet of the great cormorant in the Obytichna Spit area consisted of eight fish species, with the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814) and the monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis Pallas, 1814) being dominant. The total fish consumption by the cormorant colony on the Obytichna Spit amounts to 9563.75 tons per season. The impact of cormorants on fish resources in the northwestern Azov region is significant, accounting for 26.39% of the annual fish catch in 2016, and almost half (43.37%) of the annual fishermen’s catch for gobies, which form the basis of the cormorants’ diet in this colony.

Originality. For the first time, detailed quantitative estimates of the daily fish consumption by a large colony of cormorants in the context of the species’ nesting at the Obytichna Spit were provided, particularly considering changes in the size structure of the prey in different years.

Practical value. The obtained data can be used for managing fish resources and developing measures to minimize conflicts between fisheries and the great cormorant population in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine. Additionally, the results of the study are successfully applied in the work of higher education institutions in Ukraine during the teaching of natural sciences for specialties 014.05 Secondary Education (Biology and Human Health), 091 Biology and Biochemistry and 101 Ecology.

Keywords: fish resources, Sea of Azov, ecological impact, great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Shaw et Nodder, 1801), diet.
Consequences of military actions for aquatic ecosystems and fisheries of Ukraine. Thematic web-bibliography
Authors:   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv, Hrytsynyak Ir. , Shvets T. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Purpose. Numerous facts of the harmful impact of military actions caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the environment of Ukraine were recorded and documented by many Ukrainian and foreign scientists and other specialists. The purpose of this work was to form a reference list of publications on the impact of war on water resources and hydrobionts, as well as the aquaculture industry of Ukraine in general and fisheries in particular.

Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic and webliographic core have been consisted of publications in Ukrainian and English, including monographs, materials of round tables, conferences and meetings, public reports, articles in collections of scientific collections and journals, as well as reviews, chronicles, news on the subject of the work, posted on publicly available websites.

Results. A thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 97 sources covering the time interval from 2015 to 2024,
and showing the issues of the impact of military operations on natural hydroecosystems, as well as the aquaculture industry of Ukraine has been composed. In addition, the range of issues covered includes methods for calculating the damage caused by war and possible ways to overcome its harmful consequences. The literary sources were arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references.

Practical value. The list may be useful for ecologists, ichthyologists, hydrobiologists, fish farmers — both scientists, specialists, and teachers, students, and everyone interested in the topic of the publication.

Key words: military aggression of the Russian Federation, hydroecosystems, fisheries of Ukraine, aquaculture, damage, fish kills, ecocide, Kakhovka Reservoir, recovery.
Relationship Between Self-Awareness as an Outcome of Psychological Support Interventions and Optimism: A Study of Perceptions of Youths in Charitable Children's Institutions in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Magut Amos
Published: December 2024

Growth of self-awareness among vulnerable youth is linked to development of positive developmental trajectories in life like optimism. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between self-awareness, as influenced by psychological support interventions, and levels of optimism among looked-after youths. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods design. Validated questionnaire and an interview guide were tools for data collection.  The study investigated how self-awareness, as influenced by psychological support interventions, are associated with optimism as perceived by looked-after youth. The study found that youth in residential care found psychological support interventions helpful in enhancing self-awareness. However, reintegrated youth are uncertain about the effectiveness of these interventions. The optimism level among residential care youth was higher than reintegrated youth. This suggests that families where reintegrated youth are deployed may be facing challenges in creating an environment for them to grow out of their traumatic past and become optimistic. The chi-square findings suggest that the provision of psychological support interventions significantly enhances self-awareness and optimism among participants. The study recommends that efforts should be made to improve the quality of residential care through professionalization care services. The growing global push to promote family-based alternatives and eliminate institutional care as the principal choice for children in need of protection must be done in a way that children do not fall into more vulnerabilities.
Influence of Climate Variability on Food Security in Nyamira County, Kenya
Authors: Otwori Dennis O. , Mugalavai Edward M. , China Samuel S.
Published: December 2024

Climate change and climate variability threaten global food security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where agriculture is central to income generation and the economy. Nyamira County in Kenya, despite its high agricultural potential, experiences challenges arising from climate change and climate variability. This study aimed to establish rainfall and temperature trends and patterns affecting food security in Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Rainfall and temperature data for Nyamira station was obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD). These data were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test analysis for the various seasons (MAM, JJA, SON, and DJF). The study findings revealed that the rainfall trends for Nyamira station covering the seasons MAM (y = 0.2769x + 177.3), SON (y = 2.2095x + 104.43), and JJA (y = 0.109x + 131.63) were increasing. The station exhibited statistically significant trends in maximum and minimum temperatures (p-value < 0.05). The study recommends continually researching and monitoring local climate patterns to understand and respond effectively to changing weather trends. Collaborating with the Kenya Meteorological Department, research institutions, policymakers, local communities, and environmental agencies can provide valuable data and insights to inform decision-making and adaptation strategies for farmers.
Knowledge About Environmental Dynamics and Attitude Towards Conservation of Saiwa Wetland, Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Owiti Millicent A. , Kibue Grace W. , Ogoma Maurice O.
Published: December 2024

Wetlands are important ecosystems for ecological, social and economic value. Despite their importance, wetlands are under serious threat due to anthropogenic factors, such as intensified agriculture. We conducted a study to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards conservation of Saiwa Swamp in Trans-Nzoia County Kenya. The study used a mixed-methods approach to collect data through household surveys, key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Household survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square while key informant and FGDs data were analyzed under thematic areas.  The findings reveal that the respondents are aware of the interrelatedness of their activities and the natural resources of the environment. They understand that besides biodiversity conservation, the swamp plays an important role in providing the community with livelihoods, cultural and economic needs. The findings also establish they are aware that their livelihood activities threaten the swamp. Therefore, protecting and managing the Saiwa swamp ecosystem is essential for the well-being of both present and future generations. For sustainability of both the swamp and community livelihoods, the County and National government should work together with all stakeholders to create and establish a culture of stewardship and collective responsibility among local communities. More importantly, the community should be involved in designing conservation interventions as a key to ensuring adoption and implementation.
Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Matere Audrey
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in teaching and learning in higher education institutions in Kenya, specifically focusing on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), Adaptive Learning Platforms, Virtual Learning Assistants (VLAs), Automated Grading Systems and Learning Analytics Systems (LAS), their accessibility use and its effectiveness in teaching and learning. The study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches, to gather comprehensive data from faculty members, students, and administrators across 15 selected public and private universities and technical colleges in Kenya. The findings indicated that the accessibility of AI tools in institutions of higher learning in Kenya is significantly limited. A large majority of respondents expressed that AI tools are not readily available, highlighting disparities in access across different departments and projects within institutions. In terms of usage, the integration of AI tools into teaching and learning practices is still in its early stages in most institutions and where they are available they are not always well-integrated with existing curricula, leading to limited and uneven adoption across different disciplines. Despite these challenges, those who have begun using AI tools have reported benefits such as personalized learning, more efficient assessment processes, and enhanced feedback mechanisms, indicating that AI has the potential to transform educational practices if more effectively utilized. Findings further established a significant correlation between AI tools and effective teaching and learning in institutions of higher learning in Kenya (r = .781; p = .000). The study noted that while AI can significantly improve the educational experience, its current impact is constrained by several factors. Faculty members' unfamiliarity with AI, the lack of comprehensive training, and the inadequate integration of AI tools into the curriculum are major barriers to their effective use. However, where AI has been successfully implemented, it has contributed to better learning outcomes, higher student engagement, and more personalized feedback. The study recommended that institutions must invest in infrastructure, ongoing professional development, and curriculum integration, ensuring that AI tools are both accessible and effectively used to enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
Current Status and Future Potential of Liquid Biofuel Production for Green and Circular Economies in Eastern Africa: A Case Study of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania
Authors: Kedir Miftah F. , Onchieku James M. , Ntalikwa Scolastica J. , Mutta Doris
Published: December 2024

There is growing global interest in the use of liquid biofuels across various sectors as part of sustainable bioeconomies. This study examines the status, trends, and potential of liquid biofuel production in the Eastern African countries of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Using field and factory visits, interviews, and discussions with key stakeholders, the suitability of different land areas for biofuel crops was assessed to be: Ethiopia has 31 million hectares suitable for croton plants and 0.7 million hectares for sugarcane; Kenya has 18.6 million hectares, and Tanzania has 85.64 million hectares suitable for sweet sorghum. Annual ethanol production between 2020 and 2022 was 24.25 million liters in Ethiopia, 8.25 million liters in Kenya, and 1.4 million liters in Tanzania. Lignocellulosic residues were identified as promising feedstocks, with potential annual production capacities of 8.2 billion liters in Kenya, 10.8 billion liters in Tanzania, and 35.7 billion liters in Ethiopia. Microalgae also emerged as a viable alternative feedstock. Biofuels, whether pure or blended, reduce emissions by 10–90% compared to fossil fuels. However, investment in first-generation feedstocks has faced setbacks due to inadequate planning and limited involvement of smallholders. The study concludes that increased awareness, improved productivity, adoption of high-yielding varieties, and development of local technologies are essential to advance biofuel production in the region.
Leveraging on Agricultural Cooperatives in Feed and Fodder Production Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Wambu Charles , Gichuki Castro
Published: December 2024

Climate change is having a severe effect on the availability of feeds and fodder, which causes irregular milk output and high production costs for farmers and cooperatives. This study focuses on the role of agricultural cooperatives in promoting feed and fodder, and management. A cross-sectional survey design with concurrent mixed methods approach entailing quantitative and qualitative methodologies was adopted. The target population was drawn from seven dairy producer groups supported by the Meru dairy cooperative union. Systematic random sampling was used to sample one hundred and ninety-five respondents from seven selected dairy cooperatives. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants in the dairy value chain. Primary data was collected using key informants, interview guides, household survey questionnaires and focus group discussion guides. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study findings indicate that 92% of respondents produced their own fodder, while 28.3% outsourced. High cost of feeds and fodder was a major challenge. The agricultural cooperatives supported farmers in production and bulking of super Napier fodder. They also support farmers in access feeds and fodder for This study recommeds agricultural cooperatives should conduct trainings on modern feed and fodder production, as well as conservation of fodder and home made rations.  The study also recommeds that policy makers should legislate laws that support dairy cooperatives in feed and fodder production.Also laws stould be legislated to protect smallholder farmers from exploitation by feed manuafacturers.The study also recommeds further studies on feed, fodder contamination qne quality analysis.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Digital Financial Inclusion in Kenya
Authors: Mose Naftaly , Gitonga Morris , Fumey Michael
Published: December 2024

Empirical studies and data from the Global Findex show that financial inclusion varies widely across regions, income levels, and individual characteristics. This study examines the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on the accessibility, usage, and well-being of digital financial inclusion in Kenya by using World Bank's 2017 Global Findex survey on Kenya, a microdata dataset with   1000 observations to meet research expectations. Given the dichotomous nature of dependent variables, this study uses binary probit analysis to draw the implications. The results show that factors like being a man, young, educated, employed, and rich are significant in determining the accessibility and utilization of digital financial services in Kenya. Furthermore, this research also revealed that the elements affecting financial inclusion and well-being include education level, gender, and income status. The result suggests that policymakers should focus on empowering women and the poor, adopting measures to enhance workforce and income growth, and addressing differences in individual characteristics on age and education to promote the inclusion of the poor into the formal financial system in Kenya.
Enhancing Digital Resilience: A Cybersecurity Readiness Assessment of Kenyan TVET Institutions
Authors: Kiarie Nahashon
Published: December 2024

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions play a critical role in preparing the Kenyan workforce for the demands of the digital age. The rapid digitalization and widespread adoption of technology in these institutions poses significant cybersecurity threats, potentially compromising sensitive data, disrupting academic activities, and undermining the overall integrity of these institutions.  This study aimed to assess the cybersecurity readiness of TVET institutions in Kenya. It analyzed their existing policies, practices, incident response and recovery procedures to identify potential weaknesses and areas for improvement. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with key stakeholders along with quantitative surveys distributed across multiple TVET institutions. 50 TVET institutions were randomly selected and questionnaires distributed to the Management and IT personnel in these institutions.  39 questionnaires were returned translating to 78% response rate. The design of the questionnaire was based on the four major cybersecurity elements: people, process, policy, and technology. The findings indicate that while some TVET institutions have made progress in developing and implementing cybersecurity policies, many are still lagging, and vulnerabilities remain prevalent. Several factors contribute to these gaps, including the absence of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy, limited resources and inadequate training programs. This study recommends the development of robust cybersecurity policies, regular risk assessments and the establishment of security awareness programs. As TVET digital landscape continues to evolve, the implementation of effective cybersecurity measures is paramount to guarantee the protection of information and other IT assets.
Appropriation of Artificial Intelligence in Broadcast Media Production in Kenya: Opportunities and Concerns
Authors: Muya Paul
Published: December 2024

The adoption of emergent technologies, among them Artificial Intelligence (AI), in producing media commodities is increasingly becoming significant in the media industry in the 21st century. Studies theorizing AI embeddedness in broadcast media commodities production value-chains—from ideation, concept development, scripting, curation, and editing to post-production—have also emerged in various pieces of research, particularly from the Global North. There is, however, a paucity of studies documenting the state of AI appropriation in broadcast media production from the Global South. Therefore, this study examines the adoption of AI in producing broadcast media commodities such as news, commentaries, entertainment, and marketing content in Kenya using a qualitative systematic literature review of 1,262 scholarly publications. The review sampled eight (8) publications using exclusion and inclusion criteria and found evidence of the use of AI in producing media content, attendant affordances, limitations, and AI skills gaps for media producers in Kenya. While ethical dilemmas regarding labor issues, bias, and privacy concerns are widespread, AI dependency on the Global North remains.
Empowering First Responders to Be Physically Active Through Establishment of Mini Gyms: The Case of Murang’a County Fire Services and Disaster Management Unit
Authors: Kamau Jane , Kirimi Betty K. , Muhoro Munuhe , Mwangi Jane
Published: December 2024

Each county in Kenya has a fire services and disaster management unit (FSDMU) with personnel designated as first responders (FRs). The physically demanding nature of FRs’ job requires them to carry heavy equipment, move and drag objects within restrictive and hazardous environments. First Responders, therefore, are required to have optimal physical fitness by actively engaging in adequate physical activity (PA). This study aimed at promoting participation in PA among the FRs by establishing convenient and affordable exercise facilities and equipment at their worksite. This implementation science research used a quasi-experimental design to 1) Establish mini-gyms in three FSDMU sub-stations, 2) Design and implement a functional fitness training program, 3) train peer fitness leaders (PFLs’) in each sub-station. Results indicated an increased uptake of PA from 38.1% observed previously to 100%. The guidelines for PA as prescribed for health and wellbeing in the National Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2023 was exceeded by an additional 30 minutes. The increased participation in PA per week, and number of steps per day as measured using the Red MI Smart Band 2 indicate that the intervention of the mini-gyms, the training of PFLs and establishment of a training regimen positively influenced the PA levels of the FRs in Murang’a County.
THE REPRESENTATION OF PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGIES IN THE SHORT STORY “DAUGHTER OF THE BOOK” BY DAHLIA ADLER
Authors: Haryono Aura Hilda
Published: December 2024

Literature represents and portrays variations in many aspects of life. It is a cultural
product, meaning it comes from a process that aims to represent socio-cultural reality in
a certain place and shows how literature and society are connected. Since it mirrors
phenomena in real life, literature has many stories that relate to the community, including
gender inequalities. Gender inequalities come from norms, values, stereotypes, structures,
and systems that still believe that men should be ahead of women, allowing discrimination
toward women. The idea that men are better than women are called patriarchal ideology.
This article purposes to examine the patriarchal ideologies that Rebekah needs to deal
with as a woman in the story “Daughter of the Book” by Dahlia Adler. To analyze the
patriarchal ideologies in the story, the writer uses qualitative research to understand on
the social phenomenon which happens in the society. The writer finds out three patriarchal
ideologies found in the story. They are the “cult of ‘true womanhood’”, traditional gender
role, and the objectification of women which exist in the society of Rebekah’s place.