bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Delay in the Informed Consent Procedures of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Is It Worth the Wait?
Authors: Maimaitiming Mailikezhati , Ma Junxiong , Dong Xuejie , Zhou Shuduo , Li Na , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie
Published: August 2021

Background
Failure to achieve timely informed consent is the most important predictors of prolonged in-hospital delay in China. It is critically serious among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is the deadliest and most time-sensitive acute cardiac event. Informed consent procedure always begins on ambulance before door still does not complete yet after the catheterization laboratory is ready for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which results in delayed treatment and poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with informed consent delay in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI, and its influence on in-hospital mortality.
Methods
We conducted a national-representative retrospective cohort study, drawing patient data reported by hospital-based chest pain centers, of admission between January 2016 and June 2019. Using generalized linear mixed models and negative binomial regression, we estimated factors independently predicting informed consent delay time. The associations of informed consent delay time, door-to-balloon (D2B) time and in-hospital mortality were analyzed by logistic regression, adjusted for patient characteristics.
Results
A total of 263,219 patients were enrolled in the analysis. Informed consent delay occurred in 44.7% (117,672) patients, of whom the median delayed time was 18.6 minutes (SD = 22.2). Patients with sustainable chest pain (RR: 1.032, p = 0.010), intermittent chest pain (RR: 1.083, p < 0.001), and dyspnea (RR: 1.096, p = 0.001) were more likely to delay informed consent. Among transfer modes, walk-in (RR: 1.165, p < 0.001), transfer-in (RR: 1.122, p < 0.001), in-hospital onset (RR: 1.248, p < 0.001) significantly correlated with extended informed consent delay time. The age of 35–64 years (RR: 0.941, p = 0.010) had a negative association with informed consent delay time. Informed consent delay was significantly associated with prolonged D2B time (OR: 1.148, p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant association between informed consent delay and in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion
Informed consent delay provokes prolongation of door-to-balloon time, which contributes to in-hospital delay that endangers STEMI patients. For better management of STEMI patients in emergent situations, it is essential to reduce the time of informed consent obtaining through effective patient-physician communication, and care coordination within and between hospitals.
Trial registration:
Retrospectively registered.
Exploring dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study from SICOLDE
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Xueyan , Yue Feng , Wang Luyao , Henning Boecker , Ying Han , Jiang Jiehui
Published: August 2021

IntroductionExploring functional connectivity (FC) alterations is important for the understanding of underlying neuronal network alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The objective of this study was to discover stable and subtle dynamic functional connectivity (FC) changes in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to explore the associations between dynamic FCs and amyloid accumulation.MethodsNinety-seven normal control (NC) subjects, 101 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) subjects, and 55 cognitive impairment (CI) subjects with neuropsychological assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images constituted the whole cohort. Of these, 29 NCs and 52 SCDs with amyloid images were selected as the sub-cohort. First, independent components (ICs) identified by group independent component analysis (ICA) were used to define static and dynamic brain networks. Static and sliding-window dynamic FCs were then calculated. Second, the connection between each pair of ICs was compared between groups in the two cohorts. Hubs were obtained and considered as seeds in the subsequent seed-based dynamic FC analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the seed-based dynamic FC maps between groups in the whole cohort, while a 2×2 ANOVA model was used to measure the group or amyloid effects in the sub-cohort. Post-hoc analysis was applied, and differences were considered significant if the cluster-level FWE-corrected p-value was less than 0.001. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted between the altered dynamic FCs, neuropsychological assessments, and amyloid burden.ResultsThe results showed that 42 ICs were revealed. Compared with the static FCs, the dynamic FCs were found to be more stable and sensitive between groups. The effective dynamic FCs included those between the salience/ventral attention network, the default mode network, and the visual network. Specifically, the dynamic FC of the thalamus/caudate (IC 25) drove the hub role in the group differences between the NC and SCD groups. In the seed-based dynamic FC analysis, the dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and the middle temporal/frontal gyrus was observed to be higher in the SCD and CI groups in the whole cohort. Moreover, a higher dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and visual cortex was observed in the amyloid positive group. Finally, the altered dynamic FC was associated with the amyloid global level standardized uptake value ratio.ConclusionOur findings indicate that dynamic FCs can reflect subtle changes in the preclinical stage of AD.
Energy-Efficient Full-Duplex Transmission Strategies Design in Two-Way AF Relay Networks With SWIPT
Authors: Cai Caixia , Xu Xiaoyan , Hai Han , Jiang Xue-Qin , Qiu Runhe , Jia Fengde
Published: August 2021

This paper designs two energy-efficient full-duplex transmission strategies to maximize energy efficiency (EE) of two-way amplify-and-forward relay (TWAFR) networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. In the two designed transmission strategies, there are direct links (DLs) between two end nodes and the DLs can be used to convey more information. At the same time, one of the end nodes is considered battery limited and has the capability of energy harvesting from the received signals. With the first designed transmission strategy, the EE can be maximized by optimizing the power allocation, and the analytical expressions of optimal power allocation (OPA) are obtained with transformation of EE maximization problem. With the second transmission strategy, the EE can also be maximized by optimizing the power allocation, and the numerical solutions of OPA are obtained with alternating optimal algorithm. Simulations show that the EEs of the TWAFR networks can be improved with our two designed transmission strategies.
Potential Impacts of Changing Precipitation Patterns on Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean (Glycine Max L.) as Mediated by Landscape Position and Tillage
Authors: Glanville Kathryn , Robertson G. Philip
Published: August 2021

PurposeExpected changes in rainfall patterns will affect the timing of N-mineralization and other N transformations, potentially promoting or suppressing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). We test the hypotheses that BNF is more sensitive to changing rainfall patterns in summit vs. toeslope positions and in till vs. no-till consistent with patterns of soil texture and organic matter.MethodsAt a site in the upper Midwest USA, we measured soybean BNF 15N natural abundance at different landscape positions with and without supplemental rainfall and in till vs. no-till rainfall exclusion shelters to lengthen the dry periods between rainfall events. ResultsSoybean BNF was 41% higher at summit than toeslope positions, consistent with lower soil OM and coarser texture at summits. When precipitation was increased by 20%, BNF decreased at summit positions and was unaffected at toeslope positions. In a separate tillage experiment, with 3-week (but not 2-week) rainfall intervals, %BNF decreased 15% under conventional tillage and increased 14% under no-till. ConclusionsChanging rainfall patterns affected BNF differentially depending on landscape position and tillage in well-drained Alfisols. BNF was greater in summit than in toeslope positions and decreased with added rainfall. BNF under conventional tillage was more sensitive to longer rainfall intervals than was BNF under no-till. Models that incorporate these interactions will be better able to characterize legume crop performance and N use across landscapes and improve global estimates for BNF.
GIS and Remote Sensing Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Abine Raphel Etoyiva
Published: August 2021

The physical and tectonic setting exposes the western part of Cameroon to natural and anthropogenic hazards. Small scale landslides with devastating effects are recurrent along the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Limited studies have addressed the susceptibility to sliding in the area. This study therefore aimed at producing a landslide susceptibility map of the West Region to aid local and national authorities in land use planning and policy to minimise loss. Eleven conditioning and triggering factors were selected to investigate landslide susceptibility in the study area. These factors include; slope angle, lithology, soil, slope aspect, elevation, rainfall, geological faults, land use, normalised difference vegetation index, roads and river networks. These factors were assigned weights using the analytical hierarchy process. The weighted linear combination technique was used to derive landslide susceptibility indices and the susceptibility map. The map was reclassified into five classes; very low, low, moderate, high and very susceptibility class. About 16% (2180 km2) of the study area lies within the high to very high class while 47% (6512 km2) is found within the moderate class. Steep slopes, weathered volcanic rocks and thick soil cover at high elevations control the distribution of landslides while high intensity rainfall is the main triggering factor. Residential houses and road infrastructures along steep slopes are the most vulnerable to sliding. Site specific assessment needs to be conducted in order to implement effective mitigation measures.
A Novel Composite of Ionic Liquid-containing Polymer and Metal-organic Framework as an Efficient Catalyst for Ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Koohestani Fatemeh , Heravi Majid M.
Published: August 2021

1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was then used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal-organic framework. The resultant composite was characterized with XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDS and elemental mapping analyses and its catalytic activity was appraised for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation. The results confirmed that the prepared composite could promote the reaction efficiently to furnish the corresponding products in high yields in very short reaction times. Moreover, the composite exhibited high recyclability up to six runs. It was also established that the activity of the composite was higher compared to pristine metal-organic framework or polymer.
Detection of Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns in Patients with Orbital Fractures using Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation
Authors: Chen Min-Jie , Huang Rong , Ge Qian-Min , Zhang Li-Juan , Shu Hui-Ye , Pan Yi-Cong , Liang Rong-Bin , Li Qiu-Yu , Shao Yi
Published: August 2021

To date, no in-depth study has been conducted on the intrinsic pathological relationship between altered brain activity and related behavioral changes in patients with orbital fracture (OF).The present research aimed to explore the potential functional network cerebrum activities in patients with OF using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging–fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (rsfMRI-fALFF). 20 patients with OF and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included, closely matched in terms of gender, age, weight and education level. To record spontaneous cerebral activity changes, the rsfMRI-fALFF tool was applied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to analyze mean fALFF values. The Hospital Depression and Anxiety scale was applied to reveal the relationship between emotional states and fALFF values of the right superior temporal gyrus in OF patients.Compared with HCs, significantly lower fALFF values were detected in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (LACG) and right superior temporal gyrus (RSTG) in patients with OF. The mean fALFF values of the RSTG negatively correlated with the depression score as well as anxiety score.The finding of abnormal spontaneous activities in cerebral regions may contribute to more comprehensive understanding of the potential neural network changes in patients with OF.
OPEN DEFECATION FREE (ODF) RURAL AND URBAN AREAS: ACHIEVEMENT OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION
Authors:   Assistant Professor & Chairperson, BOS Department of Sociology, UCASS Satavahana University, Karimnagar, TS.505002., Padmavathi K.
Published: August 2021

Sanitation is recognized as a basic human right. UN General Assemblyin July 2010 had adopted a resolution officially recognising Sanitationaccess to, and use of, excreta and wastewater facilities and servicesasa human right. For most of human history, people defecatedin theopen. But in the last century, a lot has changed with toilets becoming anintegral part of homes in most parts of the world. More than half of allpeopleintheworldwhodefecateintheopenliveinIndia.Accordingto 2011 Indian Census, 53.00 per cent of households do not use anykind of toilet or latrine. This essentially matches the 55.00 per centfound by the National Family Health Survey in 2005. In this paper Iattempt to study the role of government and schemes and peoples participation.
A CASE REPORT OF SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India., Swetha G. , Shailaja V.V. ,   Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India., Rajeshwar Rao S. ,   Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India., Nagamani K. ,   Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: August 2021

Case Findings: A 55yr male patient presented with complaints of pain abdomen, vomiting, constipation, & weight loss. Aim And Objectives:To isolate the causative agent, empiric therapy and antibiogram. Methods: Ascitic fluid was sent for grams stain & culture sensitivity. The fluid was centrifuged and the sediment used for making grams stain & processed according to the standard protocols Result:The organism was identified as Enterococcus faecalis and antibiogram obtained which was sensitive to Quinolones. Conclusion:There is an increasing prevalence of enterococcal spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with poor prognosis due to multidrug resistance when inappropriately treated. So, the clinicians should consider empirical treatment with anti-enterococcal antibiotics.
THE INFLUENCE OF MADRASA SUPERVISON PRINCIPLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE ON TEACHER WORK MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Afifatun Siti , Hasan Yetri ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Jatmiko Agus ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia.
Published: August 2021

Thepurposeofthisstudy wastoobtainempiricalevidenceaboutThecontributionofthesupervisionthe madrasah principal to the performance of Madrasah Aliyah (MA) teachers throughoutThecontributionof organizational climatetotheperformanceof MadrasahAliyahteachers Thecontribution ofMAteachers workmotivation to theperformanceofMadrasahAliyah teachersThecontributionof themadrasaprincipalsacademicsupervision, organizationalclimate,andworkmotivation totheperformanceofMA teachersinNorth Lampung district.This research wascarried outusingaquantitativeapproach andassociativedescriptivemethod.Thepopulationispublic andprivateMA teachersinNorth Lampung district,totaling177people whoaretheresearchsampleusingquota samplingtechnique.Research datawerecollectedthrough questionnairesandanalyzed usingdescriptivestatistical techniquesandpathanalysis. TheresultsofthisstudyareacademicsupervisionoftheMadrasahPrincipal, organizationalclimate,andteachers work motivation togetherprovedtohave appositive andsignificanteffecton theperformanceofMAteacherswith a contributionof62.4%. Partially, teacherworkmotivationmostdominantlyaffects teacherperformance.
A STUDY ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND EXTENSION OF SHELF LIFE OF FRESH COW URINE
Authors:   Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota (Raj.)., Sharma Pallavi , Balichwal Tushar ,   Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota (Raj.)., Bihari Malav Kunj ,   Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota (Raj.).
Published: August 2021

Cow urine has been used as medicine since ancient times andthe ancient scriptures of Ayurveda consider cow urine to be the elixir of life. The present study analyzes the inhibitory effects of fresh cow urine at different pH (8.2,4.4,3.8) at the intervals of 5,10, 20,30 days and antibacterial activity of cow urine at different pH was analyzed against the Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. It was found that no bacterial growth was present in fresh cow urine at pH 3.8 after 30 days. Shelf life of cow urine could be extended after lowering the pHwhich also makes it palatable as it becomes odourless. Maximum antibacterial activity was also observed in fresh cow urine sample at pH 3.8 against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (24mm Â± 2.0), Staphylococcus aureus (22mm Â± 2.0) and Klebsiella sp (22mm Â± 1.0).Fresh cow urine at pH 3.8 was found to be more active and exhibited better antibacterial activity.It can be used in the control of bacteria.
EVALUATION DE LA PRODUCTION FRUITIERE EN PEUPLEMENTS NATURELS DUNJANSANG (RICINODENDRONHEUDELOTII BAIL.) EN ZONE FORESTIERE A PLUVIOMETRIE BIMODALE DANS LA REGION DU CENTRE (CAMEROUN)
Authors:   Universitede Yaounde I, Departement Des Biologies Vegetales, Laboratoire de Botanique Et Ecologie, BP 812 Yaounde, Cameroun., Paul Patrick Endele , Bindzi Marie-Alain Mbarga ,   Universitede Yaounde I, Departement Des Biologies Vegetales, Laboratoire de Botanique Et Ecologie, BP 812 Yaounde, Cameroun., Leon Kono ,   Universitede Yaounde I, Departement Des Biologies Vegetales, Laboratoire de Botanique Et Ecologie, BP 812 Yaounde, Cameroun., Essouma Francois Manga ,   Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement (IRAD), B.P. 2123 Yaounde, Cameroun.
Published: August 2021

RicinodendronheudelotiiBail., commonlyknown as Njansang, is a speciesendemic to the dense evergreenforests of Africa. Its fruits are highlyprized and are usedboth for home consumption and for marketing in Cameroon and in the Congo Basin in general.This studyaims to evaluate fruit production of thisspeciesunder the influence of two types of land use. To do this, itwasconducted in the bimodal rainfallforest zone located in the Central region (Cameroon) between the months of August and October of the years 2017 to 2019.Thus, individuals of R. heudelotiiwereidentified and their fruit production wasevaluated in agroforestry plots based on cocoatrees and in more or lessdegradedforests.The resultsobtainedshowedthat the fruit production per plant of Njansangis 8.34 Â± 7.45 kg per year.It did not varysignificantlyfromyear to year, but wassignificantlyhigher in September.Moreover, itwassignificantlyhigher in cocoa agro-foreststhan in weaklydisturbedforests.Theseresultscould help forecastharvests and production sales for the month or year.Also, theycouldstimulate the introduction and integration of R. heudelotiiindividualsintococoa agro-forestrysystems and thusboost domestication, development of the species and the diversification of agroforestry production systems.
AGGRAVATION OF COVID 19 INFECTION SECONDARY TO SURGERY
Authors:   Service De La Radiologie, Institut National doncologie, UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat., A Kaoutarimrani , b Tlaiteoubaddi ,   Service De La Radiologie, Institut National doncologie, UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat., c Hounaydajerguigue ,   Service De La Radiologie, Institut National doncologie, UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat., Latib Rachida ,   Service De La Radiologie, Institut National doncologie, UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat., Omor Youssef ,   Service De La Radiologie, Institut National doncologie, UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat.
Published: August 2021

Patients with COVID-19 who have underwentsurgery have high rates of mortality and complications includingincreasedrespiratorydistress, bacterialinfections, pneumothorax and multi-visceralfailure. Pneumomedistinis a rare complication. Surgical indications in COVID-19 patients shouldbediscussed in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting, considering the presenceof comorbidities and the availability of therapeutic alternatives. We report the case ofa 43-year-old womanpresentingwith COVID-19 infection, whounderwent a cholecystectomywith post-operative complications.
RATE OF FEMALE CRIMINALITY CAN BE REDUCED BY INCREASING THE RATE OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Assistant Professor, School of Law and Legal Affairs, Noida International University, Greater Noida., Chatterjee Soumi , Chowdhary Neha ,   LL.M Scholar, School of Law and Legal Affairs, Noida International University, Greater Noida.
Published: August 2021

Female criminality has always been a subjectwhich is generally not discussed because of less number of women indulge in crimes but recent years told us the story in other way. They are still not at par with men but that does not mean they need not to be focused upon. A girl child in a country like India consider as parayadhan grows up in the protection of her father and brothers then to her husbands after marriage. Many times she becomes victim because of broken families, physical or mental assault which turns her into a victim and then to a criminal the quick example of which is of Phoolan Devi. We may trace the presence of women in heinous crimes as well though it is a very small in number but on reciting their facts cried out not to be ignored like in Shabnamcase who could be the first woman to be hanged after the independence of India. In the following research in the light of various theories and reasons of female criminality we have tried to establish that the rate of female criminality can be reduce by increasing the rate of female literacy. Education not only helps in reducing the number of crimes but also helps to reform and rehabilitate female offenders after their release.
APPLICATION OF POLARIMETRY TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE PURITY OF A SUGAR
Authors:   ProfessorResearcher, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, UNACH, Riobamba-Ecuador., Renato Manzano Vela Dennis
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the present research work was the application of polarimetry in a sugar sample in order to determine the purity, when submitting the sample to an analytical analysis it was necessary to perform a dilution of the sample in water, which was treated and filter to avoid turbidity and thus guarantee polarimetric measurement, the result of the SAC-i-ATAGO equipment reading was + 6.351 Â° at a temperature of 20.6 Â° C and a Î» of 589 nm this determination is analytical for determination of the amounts of purity before the inversion of the sugar, after the measurement carried out, the sample was treated with HCl with the intention of determining the angle of rotation in the absolute configuration of the sugar after the inversion of the same, with this a measured from -0.056 Â° at a temperature of 21.9 Â° C and a Î» of 589 nm, from these data an analytical calculation was carried out to determine the concentration of sucrose and glucose in relevance to Data tabulated at temperatures of 20 Â° C, analytical calculations suggest that the inversion of the rotation angle is in relation to the treatment in acid medium of the sample, in addition that the concentrations expressed were analyzed in a solution expressed in grams per 100 ml , estimated concentration for the determination of the angle before and after the inversion. For this reason it is possible to determine the concentration or purity of a sugar thanks to the absolute configuration that it presents in the polarized light deviation since that estimates the concentration of the solution within the variations of the turn rotation.
OPTIMIZATION OF EUGENOL-LOADED MICROCAPSULES OBTAINED BY SPRAY DRYING USING A SIMPLEX-CENTROID MIXTURE DESIGN
Authors: Bittencourt Paulo , Veiga Ruth , Silva-Buzanello Rosana , Scremin Fernando , Becker-Algeri Tania , Corso Marinês , Flores Éder , Canan Cristiane
Published: August 2021

Eugenol antioxidant and antibacterial properties have suggested its use as a natural preservative for food matrices. Eugenol application is compromised due to its high volatility and sensibility to external agents, such as light, heat, oxygen, and moisture. Thus, microencapsulation is viable to increase the eugenol stability. Results have showed that carrageenan combined with rice protein and bovine albumin allow high-quality eugenol microcapsules. These materials show excellent properties, favoring the microcapsules use in food matrices. This study aimed to optimize microcapsules formulation by spray drying, using a simplex-centroid mixture design. Blends of low-lactose whey protein (WP) and/or rice bran protein (RBP) and/or bovine serum albumin (BSA) with carrageenan were used as wall materials. Blends influenced the eugenol retention, microencapsulation efficiency, and size. Pure WP was not efficient for eugenol encapsulation. The highest eugenol retention values, 89.7% and 86.5% were obtained by combining carrageenan with RBP or BSA. RBP and BSA binary interaction with carrageenan showed the highest encapsulation value (80.5%). Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry confirmed eugenol inside the microcapsules.
SILVER COMPLEXES FOR TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Biagioni Bruno , Cavicchioli Maurício , Massabni Antonio
Published: August 2021

This paper is a brief review of silver complexes that have been identified as antibacterial drugs with promising use for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). This treatment aims to cure and discontinue the transmission of the disease. The excessive and inappropriate use of drugs has jeopardized the effectiveness of antibiotics for the TB treatment, bringing bacterial resistance to them. To achieve these objectives, the drugs used must be able to eliminate rapidly the bacterial population, avoiding the selection of drug-resistant strains and preventing its recurrence. The number of new cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) continues to rise. So, it is important to develop more research to introduce new drugs or improve existing ones, which can reduce the treatment time, increasing drug adherence and reducing MDR-TB and XDR-TB. The Ag(I) complexes were described with different types of ligands, and bonds to Ag(I) occur by N, O, P, and S atoms. Metal complexes are presented as options for antiTB treatments. There are no cases of TB treatments using metal complexes but research in this area show that they could be used in the future to eradicate the bacteria that contaminate environments, surgical materials and other objects.
Achieving noble level of prevention: oral health program in Uno’s Island – Bijagós, Guinea Bissau
Authors: Marques da Silva Marta , Valério Patricia
Published: August 2021

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based preventive oral health programme to reduce the dmft (decay, missing and filled teeth for deciduous dentition) and DMFT (Decay, Missing, Filling teeth for definitive dentition) index among schoolchildren from a rural area of western Africa – Uno’s Island in Guinea Bissau. A preventive school-based program was implemented in a primary school in Guinea-Bissau between 2013 and 2016. The children received educational lectures, toothbrush instruction and topical fluor every 6 months. Teachers also received instructions regarding the care of the oral hygiene. Once per year they were given 1450 ppm toothpaste and a toothbrush per child and all children were screened, determining their dmft/DMFT index at baseline (2013) and three years after (2016). At baseline (2013) the total mean (SD) dmft scores were 0.76 (1.30) and the total mean (SD) DMFT scores were 0.56 (1.06). In year 3 (2016) the total mean (SD) dmft scores were 0.33 (0.99) and the total mean (SD) DMFT scores were 0.15 (0.57). The study aims to demonstrate that prevention programs benefit the oral and overall health of children, by showing a decrease of dmft/DMFT index.
Linguistic aspect of Søren Kierkegaard’s “Indirect communication” with continual reference to romantic irony
Authors: Ekrogulskaya Alexandra
Published: August 2021

The subject of this article is the language of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. The article presents a classification (based on the material of the treatise Repetition) of rhetorical devices specific for this author. This classification relies on the thesis that Romanticism was the cultural and historical context of Kierkegaard’s background which influenced his language and style, and that Kierkegaard’s method of indirect communication became in a certain sense a legacy of romantic irony defined by Friedrich Schlegel as “the form of paradox”. Categorizing Kierkegaard as a descendant of Romanticism makes it possible to classify his main stylistic techniques under the term “contradiction”, which means a conscious and even intentional use of different stylistic and conceptual oppositions in the collision of which the author’s thought is revealed. Three types of contradictions can be distinguished in the text of Repetition. (1) The first one is intertextual contradiction between two works. Publishing his books under different pseudonyms, Kierkegaard creates such a situation as though two authors argue with each other. (2) The second one is conceptual contradiction within one work. Kierkegaard confronts in the treatise two opposite characters and two opposite concepts of repetition. (3) And the last type of contradiction are linguistic contradictions consisting of all the stylistic devices that Kierkegaard uses to activate his method of indirect communication and which can be defined as “wordplay” in the most general sense: as playful and witty use of words. Kierkegaard uses puns, different figures of repetition and parallelism, and these stylistic devices take form of contradiction in order to express the fundamental contradictory of life in an ironic and witty form. In such a “struggle” of oppositions, not only an ironic intonation is created, but also the meaning of concepts is revealed in their true-life fullness.
Word and truth — a look at Johannes V. Jensen’s journalism. Part 1
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: August 2021

Since the establishment of the Johannes V. Jensen Centre at Aarhus University in 1993, studies of the Nobel Prize winner have shifted from the biographical to the textual. At the same time, the publication especially of early works with critical commentary has intensified. The present article traces some themes throughout a half-century of Jensen’s journalism which was first assembled in book form in 2014 under the title Word and Truth. The material brings more nuance to impressions of the poet’s opinions and positions, also because the anthologizing of his journalistic works has until now and for good reason skimmed only the cream. Now the dregs are considered as well, and even this portion of Jensen’s work impresses with its linguistically seductive energy and fascinating images. Most of the articles Jensen himself agreed to have reprinted and they were included in the so-called mythic volumes. Jensen regarded myth as a special genre, his own reply in all modesty to what H. C. Andersen had done for the fairy tale. Jensen’s journalism spans also biographically from the poet’s native soil in Jutland to distant parts of the world, with the capital as well as rural Tisvilde as important stops along the way. The poet’s efforts to protect nature and the implied archeological interests (not only in a Danish context) are reflected in a number of articles. Just as meaningful, but modernity-oriented, is an enthusiasm for technical development, machinery, traffic on land, sea and air. Life’s origins and the development of the species are viewed in a Darwinist perspective. The present article’s second part deals with Jensen’s tradition-bound understanding of the relationship between the sexes and, in that connection, with his fear of “sexual confusion” often mentioned, most painfully in the 1907 intimidation of his colleague Herman Bang. Finally, attention is given to the part of Jensen’s journalism which portrays his own travels and his writings on others’ contributions to the genre of travel literature.
Calculation method of short-duration rainstorm intensity formula considering nonstationarity of rainfall series: impacts on the simulation of urban drainage system
Authors: Wu Zening , Liu Shifeng , Wang Huiliang
Published: August 2021

The changing nature of the Earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, the stability of rainfall series is destroyed and it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A generalized additive model (GAMLSS) with time as covariant was established to calculate and predict the design values of extreme rainstorm return period, and the nonstationary short-duration rainstorm intensity formula of three periods was fitted and compared with the stationary formula. The urban water simulation model and the MIKE 21 two-dimensional surface flow model are coupled to simulate the urban flood under different formulas and different return periods. The results show that the nonstationary results are worse in the same period. In the 5-year return period rainfall–runoff simulation performance, the nonstationary inundation area is 18.5% more than the stationary, and inundation water is 23.5% more than the stationary. The nonstationary simulation results show higher inundation depth and slower flood recession process. These gaps will widen in the future, but they will become less significant as the return period increases. It can provide a reference for the study of flood control work and the design of existing drainage infrastructure in the region.
Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Nano Lipid Carriers
Authors: Kalave Sana , Chatterjee Bappaditya , Shah Parth , Misra Ambikanandan
Published: August 2021

Skin being the largest external organ, offers an appealing procedure for transdermal drug delivery, so
the drug needs to reach above the outermost layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum. Small molecular drug entities
obeying the Lipinski rule, i.e., drugs having a molecular weight less than 500 Da, high lipophilicity, and
optimum polarity, are favored enough to be used on the skin as therapeutics. Skin's barrier properties prevent
the transport of macromolecules at pre-determined therapeutic rates. Notable advancements in macromolecules'
transdermal delivery have occurred in recent years. Scientists have opted for liposomes, the use of electroporation,
low-frequency ultrasound techniques, etc. Some of these have shown better delivery of macromolecules
at clinically beneficial rates. These physical technologies involve complex mechanisms, which may irreversibly
incur skin damage. Majorly, two types of lipid-based formulations, including Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
(SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), are widely investigated as transdermal delivery systems. In
this review, the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of nanostructured lipid carriers used to transport macromolecules
via transdermal routes are thoroughly reviewed and presented along with their clinical perspective.
Critical Review of Biotransformational Studies on Steroids by Using Culture of Cunninghamella blakesleeana
Authors: Azizuddin  , Iqbal M. , Musharraf Syed G.
Published: August 2021

For several decades, biotransformational studies on steroidal compounds have
gained a lot of attention because it is an efficient approach for the structural modification of
complicated natural or synthetic compounds with high regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity at
environmentally friendly conditions. This review summarizes the use of different strains of
Cunninghamella blakesleeana for the biotransformation of sixteen steroids 1-16 into a variety
of transformed products. The transformed products may be important as a drug or precursor for
the production of important pharmaceuticals. The types of reactions performed by C.
blakesleeana include hydroxylation, epoxidation, reduction, demethylation, oxidation, glycosidation,
double bond formation, side-chain degradation, isomerisation and opening of an isoxazol
ring, which would be difficult to produce by traditional synthesis.
Low Area and High Bit Resolution Flash Analog to Digital Converter for
Wide Band Applications: A Review
Authors: Krishna Banoth , Gill Sandeep Singh , Kumar Amod
Published: August 2021

:

This work reviews the design challenges of CMOS flash type Analog-to-Digital Converter
(ADC) for making high bit resolution, low area, low noise, low offset, and power-efficient architecture.
Low-bit resolution flash ADC architecture, high-speed applications, and wide-area parallel comparators
are identified on their suitability of the design for ADCs. These are effective in the area and bit resolution.
The overview includes bit resolution, area, power dissipation, bandwidth and offset noise consideration
for high-speed flash ADC design. A MUX-based two-step half flash architecture is considered
for applications requiring 1 GHz 16-bit resolution low area and low power consumption. An advanced
comparator, MUX, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and MUX-based encoder are also
reviewed. The design of technology-efficient ADC architecture is highly challenging for the analog designer.
Guía para importar a Colombia germoplasma y material de propagación de plátano y banano en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por Foc R4T en Colombia
Authors: Betancourt Vásquez Mónica , Cárdenas López Jaime , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo
Published: August 2021

Nos complace presentar esta guía para importar a Colombia germoplasma y material de propagación de plátano y banano, en atención a la situación actual que enfrenta Colombia debido a que tiene el primer registro en el hemisferio occidental de Fusarium R4T. Con el ingreso de nuevos materiales se podrá avanzar en el proceso de investigación y adaptación de nuevas variedades para ofrecer alternativas, en un futuro próximo, al sector. Asimismo, estamos dando cumplimiento a las directrices del Puesto de Mando Unificado (PMU), el cual fue constituido por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural para apoyar la atención de la situación de emergencia por el registro de Fusarium R4T en el departamento de La Guajira, Colombia.
Borsa İstanbul’da Yerli Yatırımcı ile Toplam Yatırımcı Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi
Authors: KÖYCÜ Erol
Published: August 2021

Amaç: 1980’li yıllarla birlikte küreselleşmeye başlayan ekonomik sistem, yabancı ve yerli yatırımcılara farklı ülkelerin finansal piyasalarında yatırım yapabilme imkânı sağlamıştır. Dolayısıyla finansal piyasalarda artan yatırımcı sayısının diğer paydaşlar üzerinde etkisi olabilmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da yatırım yapan toplam yatırımcı sayısı ile toplam yerli yatırımcı sayısı arasındaki ilişki tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, toplam yatırımcı sayısında meydana gelebilecek bir değişikliğin toplam yerli yatırımcı sayısını etkileyip etkilemediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 2006:1 – 2021:1 dönem aralığında Borsa İstanbul’da işlem yapan yerli ve toplam yatırımcı sayıları kullanılarak bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin doğal logaritmik getirisi alındıktan sonra EViews10 programı yardımı ile Toda-Yamamoto ve Granger nedensellik testleri uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, hem Toda-Yamamoto hem de Granger nedensellik testlerine göre değişkenler arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, toplam yatırımcı sayısının artması yerli yatırımcı sayısının Granger nedeni iken, aynı zamanda yerli yatırımcı sayısının artması da toplam yatırımcı sayısının Granger nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle; toplam yatırımcı sayısında yaşanan artışların yerli yatırımcıları cesaretlendirdiği ve daha fazla yerli yatırımcının Borsa İstanbul’da işlem yapmasına neden olduğu söylenebilir.
DIŞ TİCARET SERMAYE ŞİRKETLERİNİN MİSYON VE VİZYON BEYANLARINA YÖNELİK BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: COŞKUN Ömer Faruk
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketlerinin kurumsal internet sitelerinde yer alan vizyon ve misyon beyanlarını sistematik bir şekilde ele alarak öne çıkan kavramları tespit etmek ve bu beyanları unsurları ve özellikleri açısından değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Bu araştırmanın verilerini, ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilmiş dokümanlar oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Misyon ve vizyon beyanlarında yer alan benzer ifadeler bir araya getirilerek kavramlar gruplanmış ve vizyon ile misyon temaları altında kategoriler oluşturulmuştur.Bulgular: “Özel Statülü Şirketler” listesinde yer alan 70 Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketi içerisinden 40 şirket hem misyon hem de vizyon beyanlarına, iki şirket sadece misyon beyanına ve dört şirket sadece vizyon beyanına internet sitelerinde yer vermekte; 24 şirketin ise misyon ve vizyon beyanları internet sitelerinde bulunmamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketleri misyon beyanlarında en çok toplumsal duyarlılık, kalite ve çevreye duyarlılık vurgusu yaparken, Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketlerinin vizyon beyanlarında küresellik, liderlik ve kalite kavramları öne çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada, işletmelerin misyon beyanlarında en fazla felsefe unsuruna yer verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca işletmelerin tamamının vizyon beyanlarının; netlik, gelecek odaklılık ve soyutluk özelliklerini taşıdığı görülmektedir.Sonuç: Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketlerinin ağırlıklı olarak kuruluş ve varoluş amaçları içerisinde, toplum ve çevre ile ilgili konulara duyarlı bir şekilde kaliteli ürün ve hizmet üretmenin önemli bir yeri olduğu söylenebilir. Bununla birlikte kaliteli ürün ve hizmetler aracılığı ile küresel ölçekte pazar lideri bir işletme olmayı, genel olarak Dış Ticaret Sermaye Şirketlerinin kendileri için ulaşılacak bir nokta olarak gördükleri ifade edilebilir.
New coronavirus disease (COVID-19): symptoms, laboratory blood indicators in the critically ill and dead patients
Authors: Trykhlib V.I. , Kazmirchuk A.P. , Grushkevych V.V. , Burakova T.V.
Published: August 2021

The article states that the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a range of clinical manifestations, the development of various complications, inconsistency of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of the patient’s state, which the authors have observed so far according to the results of our previous studies. A review of the literature is presented on the symptoms, laboratory blood tests of critically ill patients who recovered and those who died of a new COVID-19. Among the hospitalized seriously ill patients, there were mostly men, a significant number had comorbidities. According to the literature, hospitalized critically ill patients with confirmed new COVID-19 in most cases had cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, lymphopenia. Other symptoms include sputum, headache, dizziness, rhinorrhea, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and muscle pain. The study concluded that doctors, especially after 3 days of illness, when assessing the state of the patient, should pay attention to the following data or their severity, a combination of several symptoms that may suggest the need for hospitalization, particularly in the intensive care unit: the age of the patient; the presence of concomitant pathology (cardiovascular, cerebral, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity), especially in the stage of decompensation; the presence and extent of impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale); cyanosis, pallor of the skin, mucous membranes; acrocyanosis or central cyanosis; duration of fever (> 38 °C) more than 3 days, especially > 39 °C; manifestations of dyspnea (chest tightness, shortness of breath or tachypnea, shortness of breath during exercises), respiratory rate > 24 beats per minute or < 10; heart rate ≥ 125 beats per minute (measured when the patient is sitting); systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg; SOFA score > 2; CURB-65 score > 2; the presence of signs of emergencies (acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, bleedings and others); SpO2 < 93 %; leukocytosis > 10 • 109/l, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, serum C-reactive protein > 10 mg/l; an increase in prothrombin time (> 16), in the levels of D-dimer (> 1.5 ng/ml), ferritin (> 300), lactate dehydrogenase (above 360 U/l), procalcitonin (≥ 0.5 ng/ml), lactate (> 2 mmol/L), NT-proBNP (≥ 400 pg/ml), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (> 5 pg/ml), changes on the electrocardiogram; lung damage more than 25 % according to computed tomography.