bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensemble flood forecasting based on ensemble NWP and the GMKHM distributed hydrological model
Authors: Wang Lili , Bao Hongjun
Published: December 2018

The incorporation of numerical weather predictions (NWP) into a flood forecasting system can increase forecast lead times from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP forecast from a single forecast centre, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and lead to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble numerical weather prediction systems through the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble’ (TIGGE) offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The GMKHM distributed hydrological model, which is based on a mixed runoff generation model and overland flow routing model based on kinematic wave theory, and the topographical information of each grid cell extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), is coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE database (CMC, CMA, ECWMF, UKMO, NCEP) for flood forecast. This paper presents a case study using the coupled flood forecasting model on the Xixian catchment (a drainage area of 8826 km2) located in Henan province, China. A probabilistic discharge is provided as the end product of flood forecast. Results show that the association of the GMKHM model and the TIGGE database gives a promising tool for the anticipation of flood events several days ahead,, comparable with that driven by raingauge observation.
Integrated Urban Stormwater Management and Planning for New Township Development in Malaysia
Authors: Chang Chun Kiat , Zakaria Nor Azazi , Othman Mohd Radzman
Published: December 2018

The on-going Kwasa Damansara Township development is aspire to be a township development with an initiative to unlock the land value and spur development in the region, and demands a high quality built environment. The township development strategy has considered a number of sustainable elements such as landscape and ecology, water, waste, green infrastructure, green buildings, green mobility and green energy. The key design objective for the proposed development is to create a new focal point that reflects the township of a 21st Century; one that is green, connected and has a sense of place making. The Urban Design Guidelines was prepared to guide and assist all the stakeholder contribution towards a well coordinated development and high quality public realm and build environment. In doing so, one of the initiatives was to formulate the long term solution for the flooding, drainage and stormwater related issues by urban stormwater management. By integrating stormwater management planning with landscape and environmental planning, it will add aesthetic and recreational values to the water amenities. The township development is planned to become a showpiece of the urban stormwater management for the region.
Daily Evapotranspiration Estimation Using HJ-1 Data for Irrigation Water Management in a Desert-Oasis Irrigation District, Northwest China
Authors: Yi Zhenyan , Jiang Yunzhong , Zhao Hongli , Li Haichen , Wang Rong , Huang Pengcheng
Published: December 2018

Irrigation of agricultural land is the main water consumer in the arid and semiarid regions. The accurate time series of daily evapotranspiration (ET) at the field scale is crucial for irrigation water management. Here, we presented an integrated approach to field-scale ET mapping by combing METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration) with trapezoidal framework of vegetation fraction and land surface temperature (fv-Trad). This approach fed with Chinese satellite HJ-1 (environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting with a small satellite constellation) images was used to map daily ET over the desert-oasis irrigation fields in the middle of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. The results showed that time series of daily ET derived from HJ-1 were well consistent with the in situ measurements (coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.31 mmd–1, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 12.0% at Daman station; R2 of 0.89, RMSE of 0.16 mmd–1, and MAPE of 13.2% at Huazhaizi station). The rapid variation of ET could be precisely captured by HJ-1, especially when rainfall or irrigation events occurred between successive acquisitions of satellite data. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal variation of monthly ET is closely related to crop growth. Daily ET at field scale will support a variety of local interests in water use and irrigation management for both planning and regulatory purposes.
An exploitation plan of tidal power in the Severn Estuary
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Li Jie , Wu Bian
Published: December 2018

The Severn Estuary has the second largest tidal range in the world and full of potential tidal power. The estuary area has great ecological value due to its nature conservation sites, biological habitats and unique coastal ecological system. Various kinds of plans and projects about exploiting the Severn Estuary have been proposed by many organizations for years. Giving the consideration of electricity generating efficiency, financial costs and especially environmental impacts, it is reasonable to believe that the application of a tidal lagoon system in the estuary area is the most suitable choice among all the options, which has the features of eco-friendly, effective, predictable and flood defending. The implementation of the Severn Estuary tidal lagoon system can be a long-term and stable renewable energy source for UK and will provide reference value for the development of other coastal area.
Change and cause analysis of water resources in Fengtai district of Beijing in recent 61a (from 1956 to 2016)
Authors: Qin Jing , Niu Wen-long , Lu Wei , Zhao Ling-yun , Gao Wen-lian
Published: December 2018

The calculation of water resources is the fundamental basis for legitimate utilization, effective protection, optimal configuration and optimal dispatch of water resources. Affected by climate change, economic development, and population expansion, the amount of water resources in Fengtai district, one of the central urban areas of Beijing, has undergone major changes. By comparing the results of the second investigation and evaluation of water resources (1956-1998), the paper analyzes the dynamic changes and causes of surface water resources, ground water resources and total water resources in Fengtai district in recent 61a (1956-2016). The results show that the surface water resources of Fengtai district in recent 61a is 37.978 million m3, which is 2.572 million m3 less than the previous investigation; the ground water resources is 92.959 million m3, a decrease of 13.848 million m3; the total water resources is 104.981 million m3, which is 13.830 million m3 less than the previous investigation. The gradual reduction of regional atmospheric precipitation is the main cause of the decline in surface runoff and rainfall infiltration recharge. At the same time, the continuous water-cutting of Yongding River (the biggest inflow river in Fengtai) since 2000 and the anti-seepage project implemented in 2010 further reduced the infiltration of river infiltration .
Combined Bidding Strategy of Multi-owner Cascaded Hydropower Stations in Day-Ahead Market
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Weibin , Ma Guangwen , Chen Shijun , Liu Gang , Liu Yue
Published: December 2018

Under the background of the electricity market reform, if the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations bid separately, the overall competitive advantages of river basin cannot be exerted, and the overall benefits cannot achieve the maximization. Based on the operation characteristics of cascade hydropower stations and the rule of competitive bidding, this paper established a bi-level optimal model for bidding game in day-ahead market, and used the Nash equilibrium principle of the game theory and genetic algorithm to solve this model, the optimal bidding strategies of the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations have been solved under the circumstances of bidding by oneself and alliance. The results from the calculating examples showed that the unified price declaration of the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations in day-ahead market can improve the overall and individual generation efficiency, and proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the combined bidding strategy in power market.
Reservoir water intake pump house location optimization on water age
Authors: Yang Jinyan , Xu Yong , Zhou Jie , Wu Shiqiang
Published: December 2018

Reservoir circulating currents and water age is considered to optimize the intake pump house locations. Since the air temperature, water depth and nitrogen and phosphor input is hard to control, to optimize the water age and cycling currents of reservoir by water intake pump house location optimization is one of the most usefully way to control the risk of eutrophication of reservoir by growth inhibition of age.
The relationship between Pacific SSTA and Autumn Extreme Precipitation Events of China
Authors: Chen Jin-ming , Gu Shi-xiang , Jiang Ru-cheng , Lu Gui-hua , Wu Zhi-yong , Du Xuan-xuan
Published: December 2018

Based on 610 Meteorological stations daily precipitation datasets in China and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets and NOAA reconstruct sea surface temperature from 1960~2009, the spatial and temporal coupling relationships between the Pacific SSTA and extreme precipitation events (EPE) are analyzed by using Singular Value of Decomposition method. Moreover, possible effect mechanism of Pacific SSTA for EPE is also discussed, the results are as follows: They are remarkable relations between equator middle-east Pacific ocean (EMEPO) SSTA and EPE. In anomaly cold years of EMEPO, compel 500hPa height field to show reverse PNA teleconnection pattern, intensity of west Pacific ocean subtropical high boost down. Meanwhile North Africa subtropical high become weeker compared with the mean. The trough over East Asia is abnormally weaker, and zonal circulation prevails over Asia, which is useful for the northward motion of southwestern water vapor. Meanwhile, the 500hPa geopotential height become weeker in New Siberian, leading to development and eastward motion of westerly trough. It is useful for the southward motion of stronger cold air, which is beneficial to the interaction between cold and warm air in Huang-Huai Basin, benefit the occurrence of EPE. However, wester china influenced by western vapor transportation, and vapor divergence in these areas, not benefit the occurrence of EPE. The opposite is true with positive SSTA in EMEPO.
Planar object recognition based on local feature prediction agreements
Authors: Gu Chengge , Bao Jianying , Sang Haonan , Mo Jinqiua
Published: December 2018

Object recognition has drawn great attention in industrial application especially in automated feeding and assembling, for it can greatly improve the line flexibility and save cost. In this paper, a simple but effective method for planar object recognition is presented. This method can deal with objects under complex conditions like occlusion and clutter. The method generates object pose hypothesis from the prediction agreements of different local features in the object. There are two stages contained in our method, offline stage and online stage. At offline stage, the representative parts in the object are chosen as its local features and the recognition template is made. Next at online stage, the matches of different local features are found in the input image. Then the prediction agreements are searched among them in order to generate the final object pose hypothesis. A thin planar object recognition experiment has been conducted under occluded conditions and an improved result is presented compared with the traditional overall matching method.
Dynamic ant colony algorithm based on cw saving Value
Authors: Yao Jiang-Gu , Gao Jian
Published: December 2018

As a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, ant colony algorithm (ACO) has a good application in combinatorial optimization problems, in which traveling salesman problem (TSP) is an important application of ACO algorithm. It shows the powerful ability of ant colony algorithm to find short paths through graphics. However, there are obvious defects in the ant colony algorithm. When the scale of the ant colony is large, the convergence time of the algorithm becomes longer and the local optimal state is easy to fall into. In this paper, a dynamic pheromone ant colony optimization algorithm based on CW saving algorithm is proposed. Initially, a general path range is found by CW saving value algorithm, and the pheromone matrix can be reasonably configured, so that the ant colony algorithm can quickly get a better solution in the initial optimization. At the same time, the optimization scheme can be adjusted in real time according to the situation of path optimization. Large ant colony searches for other paths. Combined with 3-opt local search algorithm, the ant colony can find the optimal path more quickly. The experimental results show that the improved ant colony algorithm has better convergence speed and solution quality than other ant colony algorithms.
The Method of Train Positioning Based on Digital Track Map Matching
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Li Weidong , Wang Xinping , Chu Xianwu
Published: December 2018

A train positioning method based on GPS and digital rail line matching is proposed. Firstly, the digital track line is generated based on the fitting and interpolation algorithm of train track line. And then the GPS data are corrected by the track line positioning correction method, and the more accurate position estimation of the train is obtained. Finally, the data track line is simulated and analyzed with some measured data from Harbin to Qigihar track line. The analysis results show that cubic spline curve is better than cubic B-spline curve on the establishment of digital track map.
Multi-users Coordinated Sharing Grid Resource Management System
Authors: Wang Zheng , Dong Mei
Published: December 2018

The fundamental task of grid resource management system is to supply on-demand resources service for various users and applications by aggregate heterogeneous, dynamic and increase resource. Most current grid resource management system is exclusive which brings two sides of deficiency distinctively. We bring forward and realize a multi-user coordinated sharing resource management system, which is a utility oriented resource management system to support resources sharing by multi users or multi workload schedulers, thus extendable resource serving capability can be improved. When the system is used in an “intelligent building” and “intelligent community”, the IT cost of the community enterprises can be reduced significantly.
High Dimensional Feature for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Wang Cailing , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Yinyong , Wen Jia , Yang Fan
Published: December 2018

Making a high dimensional (e.g., 100k-dim) feature for hyperspectral image classification seems not a good idea because it will bring difficulties on consequent training, computation, and storage. In this paper, we study the performance of a high-dimensional feature by texture feature. The texture feature based on multi-local binary pattern descriptor, can achieve significant improvements over both its tradition version and the one we proposed in our previous work. We also make the high-dimensional feature practical, we employ the PCA method for dimension reduction and support vector machine for hyperspectral image classification. The two real hyperspectral image datasets are employed. Our experimental results with real hyperspectral images indicate that the high dimensional feature can enhance the classification accuracy than some low dimensional.
Experimental investigation, modelling and optimization in hard turning of high strength low alloy steel (AISI 4340)
Authors: Panda Asutosh , Ranjan Das Sudhansu , Dhupal Debabrata
Published: December 2018

The present study addresses the machinability investigation of high strength low alloy grade AISI 4340 steel with coated ceramic tools on surface roughness, tool wear, and economic analysis by considering the hard turning process parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. Twenty seven set of trials according to full factorial design of experiments are conducted. Analysis of variance, multiple regression method, Taguchi method, desirability function approach and Gilbert’s technique are employed for parametric influence study, predictive modelling, response optimization, tool life estimation followed by cost analysis. Results indicated that feed and cutting speed are the most significant and crucial factors for hard turning operation in order to achieve minimum surface roughness of machined component as well as flank wear of cutting tool. Abrasions, adhesion followed by plastic deformation are the key wear mechanisms of coated ceramic insert, resulted 47 min of tool life under optimum cutting conditions and ensued lower total machining cost per part ($ 0.29 only) due to higher tool life, and reduced downtime that justifies cost effectiveness of hard turning. Novelty aspects, the current research work demonstrates the substitution of conventional, expensive and slow cylindrical grinding process, and proposes the most expensive CBN tool alternative using coated ceramic tools in hard turning process from techno-economical and ecological point of views in line with the industrial requirements.
Research status and prospects of the iron ore’s high temperature behaviors in the sintering process
Authors: Wang Xiao-zhe , Liu Dong-hui , Zhang Jian-liang , Liu Zheng-Jian
Published: December 2018

The research status of the iron ore’s high temperature behaviors in the sintering process was reviewed in this paper. The influencing factors of the high temperature behaviors and their effects on the sinter performances were discussed, and the prospects of the optimization of ore proportioning based on the iron ores’ basic characteristics were also proposed. It is suggested that the melting behavior and infiltration behavior of the sintering liquid should be further investigated. Moreover, the limiting links of the sinter quality for different iron ores sintering should be analyzed by combining the basic characteristics and the production technology of the industrial sintering processes. Given priority to the low fuel ratio and the sinter quality, the complementary principles of the iron ores basic characteristics and mathematical models should be used in the optimization of ore proportioning.
A homogeneous aa index: 2. Hemispheric asymmetries and the equinoctial variation
Authors: Lockwood Mike , Finch Ivan D. , Chambodut Aude , Barnard Luke A. , Owens Mathew J. , Clarke Ellen
Published: December 2018

Paper 1 (Lockwood et al., 2018) generated annual means of a new version of the aa geomagnetic activity index which includes corrections for secular drift in the geographic coordinates of the auroral oval, thereby resolving the difference between the centennial-scale change in the northern and southern hemisphere indices, aaN and aaS. However, other hemispheric asymmetries in the aa index remain: in particular, the distributions of 3-hourly aaN and aaS values are different and the correlation between them is not high on this timescale (r = 0.66). In the present paper, a location-dependant station sensitivity model is developed using the am index (derived from a much more extensive network of stations in both hemispheres) and used to reduce the difference between the hemispheric aa indices and improve their correlation (to r = 0.79) by generating corrected 3-hourly hemispheric indices, aaHN and aaHS, which also include the secular drift corrections detailed in Paper 1. These are combined into a new, “homogeneous” aa index, aaH. It is shown that aaH, unlike aa, reveals the “equinoctial”-like time-of-day/time-of-year pattern that is found for the am index.
Was die Psyche stark macht
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: December 2018

Resilienz ist die Fähigkeit, belastende Situationen gelassen zu meistern. Das Gute daran: Sie ist erlernbar. Besonders Menschen in stressigen Berufen wie
der Pflege sollten gezielt ihre psychischen Widerstandskräfte stärken.
Wo sich Geister scheiden
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: December 2018

Physician Assistants (PA) versorgen Wunden, schreiben Entlassbriefe und assistieren im OP. Dadurch entlasten sie Ärzte, die sich wieder auf ihre Kernkompetenzen
konzentrieren können. Die Zahl der Absolventen steigt, ihre Jobaussichten sind gut – unter den Absolventen sind auch viele Pflegende. Trotzdem sind die
Meinungen sehr gespalten.
Pflegefachmann/-frau ab 2020
Authors: Kutschke Thomas
Published: December 2018

Ende Juni hat der Bundestag die „Ausbildungs- und Prüfungsverordnung für die Pflegeberufe“ verabschiedet. Damit ist der Weg frei für die neue gemeinsame
Ausbildung von Alten-, Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege. Alle wichtigen Infos lesen Sie hier in unserem Schwerpunkt.
Percutaneous Osteosynthesis with Headless Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Metacarpal and Proximal and Middle Phalanxes Fractures of the Hand
Authors: Carrera Casal Oscar , Rivera Vegas María , Estefanía Díez Miguel , García Cano Pilar , Maya Gonzalez Javier , Nevado Sanchez Endika
Published: December 2018

Introduction There is a high incidence of hand fractures, and a high percentage of them require surgical treatment. The functional result depends, to a large extent, on the technique used. The use of retrograde intramedullary screws allows for early mobilization and minimal dissection of soft tissues. The objective of the present study is to analyze the clinical results and complications with this type of osteosynthesis.

Methods A total of 96 fractures in 81 patients were analyzed. There were 62 metacarpal fractures, 60% of which involved the 5th finger, 29% involved the 4th, 5% involved the 3rd, and 6% involved the 2nd finger. There were 34 fractures of the phalanxes, 27 of which (79.5%) involved the proximal phalanx, and 20.5% involved the middle phalanx. The range of active mobility, the time spent at work, and intraoperative complications were assessed.

Results The average active mobility obtained was 260° (230–270°). Patients resumed their normal activity within an average time of 5 weeks (between 3 and 32 weeks). There was a 6% rate of intraoperative complications and a 13% rate of postoperative complications in the metacarpals, and an 8% rate of intraoperative complications and 11% of postoperative complications in the phalanxes.

Conclusion The use of cannulated screws is a safe and effective option for the treatment of different types of fractures, obtaining a good range of mobility, early reintegration, and with an acceptable number of complications.
Collateral Uterine Arterial Supply in the Setting of Various Uterine Pathologies
Authors: Boone Christine , Koethe Yilun , Kohi Maureen , Lehrman Evan
Published: December 2018

In most patients, bilateral uterine arteries supply the uterus exclusively. However, collateral arterial supply to the uterus has been described, predominantly in the context of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for fibroid treatment. This may lead to incomplete embolization, which can impact clinical outcomes. Therefore, identification of potential collateral supply to the uterus is essential for achieving optimal clinical results. The authors report three cases of collateral uterine arterial supply from the ovarian and round ligament arteries in the setting of uterine arteriovenous fistula (uAVF), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and symptomatic fibroids. Aortography from the level of the renal arteries was performed for initial evaluation of uterine arterial supply in all patients and identified hypertrophied, tortuous ovarian artery collaterals. Selective angiography of the external iliac artery was required to identify round ligament collateral uterine supply. Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CT) was also used to visualize vascular distribution of bilateral uterine arteries and an ovarian collateral feeding a uAVF. In regard to outcomes, identification of collateral uterine arterial supply allowed for single-session complete embolization in fibroid patients with collateralized round ligament or ovarian arteries and in the PPH patient in disseminated intravascular coagulation with predominantly ovarian artery supply to the uterus. Identification of collateral uterine arterial supply facilitated technical success in all patients. In the setting of various uterine pathologies, identification of collateral uterine arterial supply is essential to optimize clinical success of UAE.
Deconstruction of the Surgical Approach to the Jugular Foramen Region: Anatomical Study
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Michael L. Madison , Sorenson Jeffrey M. , Robertson Jon H.
Published: December 2018

Introduction The jugular foramen occupies a complex and deep location between the skull base and the distal-lateral-cervical region. We propose a morphometric anatomical model to deconstruct its surgical anatomy and offer various quantifiable target-guided exposures and angles-of-attack.

Methods Six cadaveric heads (12 sides) were dissected using a combined postauricular infralabyrinthine and distal transcervical approach with additional anterior transstyloid and posterior far lateral exposures. We identified anatomical landmarks and combined new and previously described contiguous triangles to expose the region; we defined the jugular and deep condylar triangles. Angles-of-attack to the jugular foramen were measured after removing the digastric muscle, styloid process, rectus capitis lateralis, and occipital condyle.

Results Removing the digastric muscle and styloid process allowed 86.4° laterally and 85.5° anteriorly, respectively. Resecting the rectus capitis lateralis and jugular process provided the largest angle-of-attack (108.4° posteriorly). The occipital condyle can be drilled in the deep condylar triangle only adding 30.4° medially. A purely lateral approach provided a total of 280.3°. Cutting the jugular ring and mobilizing the vein can further expand the medial exposure.

Conclusion The microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen can be deconstructed using a morphometric model, permitting a surgical approach customized to the pathology of interest.
Attraktiv mit Abitur: grundständiges Pflegestudium
Authors: Kutschke Thomas
Published: December 2018

Die hochschulische Pflegeausbildung wird zu größeren Veränderungen führen, als
dies heute absehbar ist. Grund: Die Diskussionen über die Generalistik überschatten alles.
Lesen Sie hier mehr über die Einschätzung unseres Experten.
Die Pflege im Fokus
Authors: Henke Martina
Published: December 2018

Kompetenzorientierte Personalentwicklung ist ein immer wichtiger werdendes Thema im Gesundheitswesen. Die Sana Kliniken möchten mit dem neuen Bereich
„Unternehmensstrategie Pflege“ die größte Berufsgruppe im Krankenhaus aufwerten und für die Zukunft stärken.
Pflegestärkungsgesetze
Authors: Weiß Erhard
Published: December 2018

Die Veränderungsprozesse, die die Umsetzung der Pflegestärkungsgesetze mit sich bringen, verbunden mit der nahenden generalistischen Pflegeausbildung stoßen
nicht nur auf Wohlgefallen. Die Unsicherheit der Beteiligten ist groß.
Die Preisträgerin 2015 zieht Bilanz
Authors: Colmorgen Janina
Published: December 2018

Mit dem Gewinn des Pflegemanagement-Awards ist eine einjährige Gastmitgliedschaft im Bundesvorstand verbunden. Janina Colmorgen, Preisträgerin 2015,
berichtet von einem spannenden Jahr, in dem sie beruflich und privat gereift ist.
Flexibilität (fast) ohne Grenzen
Authors: Fastenmeier Heribert
Published: December 2018

Das flexible Arbeitszeitmodell bietet Freiräume: Wer will, kann viele
Nacht- und Wochenenddienste machen, im Ein-Schicht-Modell arbeiten oder auch mal
einen Monat aussetzen.
Nicht schneller pflegen, sondern anders
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: December 2018

„Improvisationstheater Krankenhaus“ nennt Heinz Lohmann das, was er in deutschen
Krankenhäusern erlebt. Oft müssten Pflegende und Ärzte reagieren, statt selbst
zu agieren - nach definierten Workflows. Wie das gelingen soll, lesen Sie
auf den nächsten Seiten.
Routinedaten auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Behrendt Daniel
Published: December 2018

Mehr als 400.000 Deutsche leiden unter einem Dekubitus. Seit 10 Jahren sind Krankenhäuser gesetzlich verpflichtet, eine Qualitätsmessung und
Datenvalidierung zur Dekubitusprophylaxe durchzuführen. Diese birgt jedoch Probleme.
Leadership in der Pflege
Authors: Eberhardt Doris
Published: December 2018

Das Klinikum Neumarkt setzt auf eine systematische Praxisentwicklung, um evidenzbasierte und personenzentrierte Pflege zu
ermöglichen. Dafür braucht es Führungskräfte, die fähig sind, ein förderndes Klima zu schaffen – zum Beispiel durch
Leadershipkompetenzen. Hier der theoretische Background.
Das Ruder in der Hand
Authors: Risse Ludger
Published: December 2018

Im Zusammenspiel zwischen Ärzten und Pflegenden knirscht es mitunter. Lesen Sie, was sich durch Projekte zur „Interprofessionellen
Zusammenarbeit“ verändern kann.
Entlastung für die Pflege?
Authors: Zander Britta , Busse Reinhard
Published: December 2018

In Deutschlands Kliniken gelten ab 2019 verbindliche Untergrenzen für die Personalausstattung in
„pflegesensitiven Bereichen“. Dass in den Krankenhäusern eine prekäre Situation erreicht ist, zeigt
auch die Neuauflage der RN4Cast-Studie.
Strain effect on band structure of InAlAs digital alloy
Authors: Zheng J. , Tan Y. , Yuan Y. , Ghosh A. W. , Campbell J. C.
Published: December 2018

Recently, InAlAs digital alloys have been shown to exhibit unique electronic dispersion properties, which can be used to make low-noise avalanche photodiodes. In this paper, the strain effect is analyzed for its impact on the band structure of the InAlAs digital alloy. Simulation using a tight binding model that includes the strain effect yields bandgap energies that are consistent with experimental results. The bandgap would be larger without strain. In addition, a positive relationship has been found between minigaps of the InAlAs digital alloy and the band offset between bulk InAs and AlAs at the same position in k-space.
Degradation in cone-plate rheometry
Authors: Giacomin A. J. , Gilbert P. H.
Published: December 2018

We analyze quantitatively the oxidative degradation of a sample in a cone-plate rheometer, as oxygen diffuses inward, radially, from the free boundary. We examine rheometer error mitigation by means of nitrogen blanketing, and also, of cone-plate partitioning. We arrive at exact analytical expressions for the oxygen concentration, and thus, for the degradation rate. We then integrate this rate over time to get the amount of oxygen reacted as a function of radial position and time in the degrading sample. To illustrate the usefulness of our analytical expressions, we provide two worked examples investigating the effect of nitrogen blanketing and cone-plate partitioning. We find that, though nitrogen blanketing always produces less degradation, its benefits are limited for short times. Additionally, cone-plate partitioning provides a simpler solution and allows samples to be run for longer times without degradation compromising measurement, even in samples initially saturated with oxygen. We close by considering the effect of antioxidants.
Ultrafast THz photophysics of solvent engineered triple-cation halide perovskites
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Priyadarshi Anish , Shukla Sudhanshu , Manjappa Manukumara , Haur Lew Jia , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Singh Ranjan
Published: December 2018

Solution processed thin film organic-inorganic perovskites are key to the large scale manufacturing of next generation wafer scale solar cell devices. The high efficiency of the hybrid perovskite solar cells is derived mainly from the large carrier mobility and the charge dynamics of films, which heavily depend on the type of solvent used for the material preparation. Here, we investigate the nature of conduction and charge carrier dynamics of mixed organic-inorganic cations [methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), and cesium (Cs)] along with the mixed halides [iodine (I) and bromine (Br)] perovskite material [Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] synthesized in different solvents using optical pump terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy. Our findings reveal that carrier mobilities and diffusion lengths strongly depend on the type of solvent used for the preparation of the mixed cation perovskite film. The mixed cation perovskite film prepared using dimethylformamide/dimethylsulfoxide solvent shows greater mobility and diffusion length compared to γ-butyrolactone solvent. Our findings provide valuable insights to improve the charge carrier transport in mixed cation perovskites through solvent engineering.
Topological insulators for the generation of electron beams
Authors: Tian Y. , Gu G. , Johnson P. , Rao T. , Tsang T. , Wang E.
Published: December 2018

Measurements of photo-yields from various topological insulators (TIs) in ultra-high vacuum were made. Marked differences in the photoelectric yield were found between the freshly in-vacuum cleaved and the atmosphere cleaved TI samples. The spectral dependence of their quantum efficiency (QE) was obtained in as-cleaved and cesiated TI samples. Inferred work functions ranging from 5 to 5.5 eV were found in all TI samples before cesiation, and they were lowered by ∼0.5 eV after cesiation. At the ultraviolet wavelength of 268 nm, the QE of all samples is ∼2 × 10−7 before cesiation but improved to 10−4–10−3 after cesiation. Knowledge of the QE has practical implication and can serve as a useful guide for the development of a spin-polarized electron source. However, the spin polarized nature of the photo-emitted electron remains yet to be explored.
Gate voltage and temperature dependent Ti-graphene junction resistance toward straightforward p-n junction formation
Authors: Zhu Minmin , Wu Jing , Du Zehui , Tsang Siuhon , Teo Edwin Hang Tong
Published: December 2018

High-quality metal-graphene contact is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance graphene transistors. Although Ti has been widely used as metal electrodes in graphene-based devices owing to its excellent adhesive capability, contact resistance (Rc) for Ti/graphene (Ti/Gr) is typically high and varies largely by three orders of magnitude from ∼103 to 106 Ω μm. Here, we have systematically investigated the effects of gate voltage (VG) and temperature (T) on Rc in the Ti/Gr interface. Besides significant VG dependence, Rc in the n branch is always larger than that in the p branch, indicating a Ti induced n-doping in graphene. In addition, Rc exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence and drops significantly as the temperature decreases, reaching ∼234 Ω μm at 20 K. Such Ti/Gr contact can adjust the Fermi energy of up to 0.15 eV and can also directly form a well-defined sharp p-n junction without extra gates or chemical doping. These findings pave the way to develop the next generation of graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Suppression of poisoning of photocathode catalysts in photoelectrochemical cells for highly stable sunlight-driven overall water splitting
Authors: Kaneko Hiroyuki , Minegishi Tsutomu , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kuang Yongbo , Domen Kazunari
Published: December 2018

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell composed of two semiconductor electrodes, a photocathode, and a photoanode is a potentially effective means of obtaining hydrogen through spontaneous overall water splitting under light irradiation. However, the long-term stability (that is, operation for more than one day) of a PEC cell has not yet been demonstrated. In addition to the corrosion of both photoelectrodes, the gradual migration of heavy metal cations from the photoanode into the electrolyte can also result in degradation of the cell by contamination of the photocathode surface. In the present work, BiVO4-based photoanodes were used in conjunction with two different modifications: dispersion of a chelating resin in the electrolyte and coating of the photoanode surface with an anion-conducting ionomer. The chelating resin was found to capture Bi3+ cations in the electrolyte before they became deposited on the cathode surface. Consequently, a PEC cell incorporating a BiVO4-based photoanode and a (ZnSe)0.85(CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2)0.15-based photocathode showed stable overall water splitting over a span of two days under simulated sunlight. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the longest period over which stable PEC cell performance has been established. A considerable decrease in the performance of the BiVO4-based photoanode was still observed due to the continuous dissolution of Bi species, but surface coating of the photoanode with an anion-conducting ionomer prevented the movement of Bi3+ ions into the electrolyte because of the selective conduction of ions. The coating also served as a protective layer that improved the durability of the photoanode. This study therefore suggests a simple yet effective method for the construction of stable PEC cells using semiconductor photoelectrodes.
Light collection from a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope using integrated mirror tips fabricated by direct laser writing
Authors: Edelmann Kevin , Gerhard Lukas , Winkler Moritz , Wilmes Lars , Rai Vibhuti , Schumann Martin , Kern Christian , Meyer Michael , Wegener Martin , Wulfhekel Wulf
Published: December 2018

We report on a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope (STM) designed for single molecule studies, in which the light emitted from the tunneling junction is collected by an integrated optics on the tip. Using direct laser writing, the tip and the surrounding microscopic parabolic mirror are fabricated as one piece, which is small enough to collimate the collected light directly into an optical multimode fiber fixed inside the STM. This simple and compact setup combines high collection efficiency and ease of handling while not interfering with the cryostat operation, allowing uninterrupted measurements at 1.4 K for up to 5 days with low drift.
Three ground state solutions for double phase problem
Authors: Liu Wulong , Dai Guowei
Published: December 2018

Using the variational method, we obtain three ground state solutions (one positive, one negative, and one sign-changing) for the double phase problem. In particular, a strong maximum principle for the double phase problem will be proved.
Ion acoustic super solitary waves in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Kamalam T. , Ghosh S. S.
Published: December 2018

Ion acoustic super solitary waves have been derived for a three component magnetized plasma consisting of warm fluid ions and two different temperature electrons having Boltzmann distributions by using the Sagdeev pseudopotential technique. The result exhibits similar traits of the recently reported electron acoustic super solitary wave in a magnetized plasma [Kamalam et al., J. Plasma Phys. 84, 905840406 (2018)]. This is the first report of super solitary waves for a low frequency wave in a magnetized plasma. This prediction might be useful to analyze the non-conventional structures in the low altitude auroral regions in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Helical edge states of photonic crystals show promise for optical integrated circuits
Authors: Johnson Sally Cole
Published: December 2018

Coupled helical edge states of honeycomb photonic crystals can propagate light unidirectionally, which may find applications in nanophotonics.
Fuel dynamics during oak woodland and savanna restoration in the Mid-South USA
Authors: Vander Yacht Andrew L. , Keyser Patrick D. , Kwit Charles , Stambaugh Michael C. , Clatterbuck Wayne K. , Simon Dean M.
Published: December 2018

Thinning and burning can restore imperilled oak woodlands and savannas in the Southern Appalachian and Central Hardwood regions of the USA, but concomitant effects on fuels are less understood. We monitored (2008 to 2016) fuel load response to replicated combinations of thinning (none, 7, and 14m2ha−1 residual basal area) and seasonal fire (none, March, and October) at three sites. All treatments except burn-only increased total fuel loading. Thinning doubled (+16Mgha−1) 1000-h fuels relative to controls, and three fires in 6 years did not eliminate this difference. Increasing thinning intensity did not consistently enhance the combustion of larger fuels. October fires reduced 100- and 10-h fuels more than March fires. Burning alone reduced leaf litter and 1-h twigs by 30%. Burning after thinning doubled this reduction but increased herbaceous fuels 19-fold. Herbaceous fuels increased at a rate that suggests compensation for losses in woody fine fuels with continued burning. Where fuel reduction is a goal, restoration strategies could be more intentionally designed; however, oak woodlands and savannas are inherently more flammable than closed-canopy forests. Management decisions will ultimately involve weighing the risks associated with increased fuel loads against the benefits of restoring open oak communities.
Is vitality assessment important in neonatal animals?
Authors: Mota-Rojas D. , López A. , Martínez-Burnes J. , Muns R. , Villanueva-García D. , Mora-Medina P. , González-Lozano M. , Olmos-Hernández A. , Ramírez-Necoechea R.
Published: December 2018

Labour challenges the newborn to adapt to extrauterine life and survive the troublesome neonatal period. Low vitality is a recurrent problem in veterinary perinatology, and several factors can directly or indirectly culminate in neonatal death. One prime determinant of low vitality in animals is foetal hypoxia resulting from prolonged labour or dystocia. Factors such as foetal acidosis, metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, and asphyxia can quickly lead to neonatal death, while others are a consequence of low vitality in which the weak neonate cannot reach the teat and feed, thermoregulate, or breathe because of airway obstruction by meconium. Neonatal hypoxia can also lead to a failure of passive transfer and neonatal infections. The birth weight, the age of the dam, the size of the litter, and parity are also relevant vitality determinants. Scoring systems, similar to the Apgar score used with human babies, have been modified in veterinary neonatology to identify low vitality neonates in need of medical intervention. This review focuses on the vitality assessments and risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in puppies, calves and piglets. Also reviewed is the relationship of umbilical cord morphology and hypoxia with the premature passing of meconium into the amniotic sac and subsequent aspiration into the lungs. Veterinary literature shows a need to improve Apgar scores in animals by using blood gases and other clinical and laboratory tests. Also, it is necessary to better train veterinarians and personnel to identify low vitality neonates and when necessary to implement a rapid medical intervention.
Electrocardiographic ST-T Area Assessed by a Computerized Quantitative Method and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Events: The J-HOP Study
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Yoneyama Tatsuya , Fukatani Kyohei , Kario Kazuomi
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Although many studies have reported that the presence of minor or major ST-T change of electrocardiography (ECG) was associated with a risk of cardiovascular events, it is not clear whether there is a difference in the prognostic power depending on the summation of ST-T area (ST-Tarea) assessed by a quantitative method.

METHODS

Electrocardiograms were performed in 834 clinical patients with one or more cardiovascular risks. ST-Tarea was assessed as the area enclosed by the baseline from the end of the QRS complex to the end of the ST-T segment using a computerized quantitative method. We used the lower magnitude of ST-Tarea in the V5 or V6 lead for the analysis.

RESULTS

After a mean follow-up 8.4 ± 2.9 years (7,001 person-years), there were 92 cardiovascular events. With adjustment for covariates, the results from Cox proportional hazards models (Model 1) suggested that the lowest quartile of ST-Tarea was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular outcome compared with the remaining quartile groups (hazard ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–3.16, P < 0.01). Even when adding the ECG left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell voltage (Model 2) and Cornell product (Model 3) to Model 1, the significance remained (both P < 0.01). When we used ST-Tarea as a continuous variable substitute for the lowest quartile of ST-Tarea, these associations were similar in all models (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The lower summations of ST-T area assessed by a computerized quantitative method were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence in a clinical population.
Nonlinear Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Glaucoma in US Adults
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Choi BongKyoo
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have reported that vascular disease is associated with glaucoma. However, the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and glaucoma has been inconsistent. We investigated whether there is a nonlinear association between BP and glaucoma in an adult population of the United States.

METHODS

From the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 4,137 participants aged 40 years and older were chosen. BP was assessed based on a standard protocol. Glaucoma was determined using fundus photographs. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty, antihypertensive medication, and history of cardiovascular disease were also considered in analyses.

RESULTS

The prevalence of glaucoma was 1.2%. In the multivariate analysis, both high (≥161 mm Hg) and low (≤110 mm Hg) levels of systolic BP were found to be positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications: their prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for glaucoma were 6.42 (1.01–40.81) and 5.46 (1.77–16.53), respectively, when compared to the reference levels of systolic BP (111–120 mm Hg). Also, both high (≥91 mm Hg) and low (≤60 mm Hg) levels of diastolic BP were positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of glaucoma was lowest in those having systolic BP levels of 111–120 mm Hg and diastolic BP levels of 81–90 mm Hg. However, there were no such U-shaped relationships in those with antihypertensive medications.

CONCLUSIONS

There was a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between BP and the glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings, including the optimal BP levels for the prevention of glaucoma.