bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Au Doped WO3 Gas Sensors for NO2 Detection
Authors: Gao Wu Bin , Dong Cheng , Liu Xu , Ling Yun Han , Sun Jia Lin
Published: September 2011

Gas sensor based on point contact tungsten trioxide (WO3) was prepared by in-situ induction-heating thermal oxidation of tungsten filaments. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to analyze the phase and the morphology of the fabricated thin films. The results showed that the WO3films exhibited a monoclinic phase and were composed of hierarchical micro and nano crystals. The NO2(1-8 ppm) sensing properties of the point contact sensors based on Pure and Au-sputtering doped (2.5 at%) WO3films were investigated. The results showed that the gas sensing properties of the Au (2.5 at%) doped WO3sensors were superior to those of the undoped. The obtained point contact WO3sensor exhibited the maximum NO2gas response at 100°C.
Relative Translucency of IPS E.max LT Core Materials after Veneering and Glazing
Authors: Sun Ting , Shao Long Quan , Ai Jun , Deng Bin , Wen Ning
Published: September 2011

This study compared the translucency of IPS e.max all-ceramic system of A and D color series veneered and glazed at clinically appropriate thicknesses. Core specimens (n = 5) of IPS e.max were produced and veneered with IPS e.max veneering porcelain to final dimensions (13 mm in diameter, 0.6 mm in thickness for core specimens with a thickness of 0.3 and 1.0 mm for core specimens with a thickness of 0.5 mm). Luminous reflectance was measured three times each specimen with a calibrated spectrophotometer after veneering and again after glazing cycle. Contrast ratios (CR=Yb/Yw) were measured from the luminous reflectance (Y)of the tested specimens with a black (Yb) and a white background (Yw). There was no significant difference in contrast ratios of specimens within the same color series before and after glazing (P > 0.05). Significant difference was found in the contrast ratios of specimens of the same color but different thickness before and after glazing (P < 0.05). The specimens with a thickness of 1.0mm presents significantly higher contrast ratios than specimens of the same color with a thickness of 0.6mm before and after glazing. The contrast ratios of glazed specimens were significantly lower than nonglazed ones. The Contrast ratio increases as the thickness of the core veneer materials increase, while luminosity and chroma are not related to relative translucency. The glazing cycle results in decreased opacity for core veneer materials.
Influence of Fe2+ on the Color Appearance of Yellow-Green Peridot
Authors: Tang Wei Xi , Guo Ying , Ma Li Xia
Published: September 2011

Twenty-eight yellow-green color of uniform, high clarity and similar thickness of 5 mm × 7 mm oval faceted peridots from Jiaohe Jilin province were examined by LA-ICP-MS and Color i5 to test their chemical compositions and L*, C* and ho. The correlations between Fe2+ and color parameters were analyzed, in order to establish the influence on the color appearance of Fe2+. The chemical formula of the twenty-eight peridots is (Mg1.84,Fe0.19)2.04[(Si0.982,Al0.001)0.983O4], which was calculated by oxygen atom. It reveals that 0.19 mol Fe2+ is concluded in one mol peridot, and Fe2+ is the colorant of peridot. Based on the CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space, relationships between chromaticity coordinates a*, b* and chromaticity C* were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA, of which the results showing that the influence of b* on C* (rb*×C*=0.996) is much more prominent than a* on C* (ra*×C*= -0.383). By partial correlation analysis of the results calculated through CIE LAB color-difference formula, it can be discovered that lightness difference DL* has a better correlation with chromatic aberration DE* than DC* and DH*, whereas the significance level ρDC*×DE* > 0.05, rDH*×DE* > 0.05, it reveals that DE* is more sensitive to DL*. At the same time, L* changes the most with the contributions of Fe2+ compared with other parameters of peridot. It is concluded that, with the help of L*, Fe2+ has a further influence on the color appearance of peridot.
Intercalated Modification of Suzhoutu
Authors: Zhang Wen Li , Zeng Xiong Feng , Zhang Miao , Sun Shao Ran
Published: September 2011

Different molecular weights of polyacrylic acids were prepared through change the molar ratio of acrylic acid (monomer), sodium bisulfate (chain transfer agent) and potassium sulfate (initiator). Using polyacrylic acid as the intercalation agent, the intercalation method was applied to Suzhoutu modification. The paper researched the affections of intercalation agent’s molecular weight on fluidity, thixotropy, absorption rate and plasticity of pulp. The changes in the interplanar spacing of clay were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that appropriate molecular weight of the polymer intercalation agent has little effect on the interlayer structure of Kaolinite, while the effect is obvious to Illite, and processability of the clay was significantly improved.
Application of Argon Ion Beam Cross Section Polishing in Material Microstructure Research
Authors: Wang Yong Zhe , Wu Wei , Liu Zi Wei , Zeng Yi , Ding Min Ju , Zhang Cheng Gong
Published: September 2011

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been widely used in the observation of surface and cross section of materials. So it is important to prepare the cross section of various specimens. In this study, a novel cross section preparation method using argon ion beam (called argon ion beam cross-section polisher or CP) was introduced. This method can not only overcome the problem of artifacts caused by mechanical polishing on the polished surface, but also enable one to prepare a wider area of specimens than the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) method. The soft materials, composite materials with different hardness, multilayer films and powders were all easily polished with few artifacts using this method.
Evaluation of Water Evaporation in Cementitious Materials by Low Field NMR
Authors: She An Ming , Yao Wu , Yuan Wan Cheng
Published: September 2011

The water evaporation is a basic process occurring during the service life of cementitious materials. In this paper, the evaporation process of water from heated cement specimens with different composites were studied by low field nuclear magnetic resonance. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the signals intensity and water filling index. The non-evaporable water in the specimen contributes little to signal intensity. In addition, the relaxation signals have selective sensitivity. It could be used as a non-destructive method to the quantitative research of physically bound water in the cementitious materials.
Data Acquisition and Control System of Hip Joint Simulator Based on LabVIEW and DSP
Authors: Xiang Hua Zhong , Chen Lan , Bao Yi Wang , Chang Yi Ni
Published: September 2011

Hip joint simulator is a device, which is used to investigate the mechanical and frictional wear properties of the biological prosthesis under simulating physiological environment of human hip joint. The simulator is very useful for the final clinical application of the prosthesis. In this research, a data acquisition and control system, which was based on the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and LabVIEW serial communication technology, was designed for the hip joint simulator. In order to monitoring the simulating mode of motion and stress state of prosthesis, the pressure stepping motor and the angle stepping motor were controlled by the micro-stepping step motor controllers. The angular displacement and pressure signals were collected by the sensors, respectively. Thus, the motion and stress state curves were abtained. This system provided a more accurate platform for in vitro study of the tribological properties of hip joint prosthesis.
Effects of Feed Shoe Wheel Speed on Tablet Weight Variability
Authors: Chen Lan , Chen Lu Zhen , Yang Xiao Juan , Yu Ya Ping
Published: September 2011

In many manufacturing industries, e.g. powder metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, ceramics and foodstuff, die compaction is widely applied. Although die filling has attracted increasing attention recently, very few published studies are available to predict powder flow rate from a moving feed shoe to dies. In this research, a feed shoe with three wheels of a high-speed rotary tablet press was studied. The powder discharge rates from the feed shoe and the tablet weight variability at different feeding wheel paddle speeds were investigated experimentally and numerically. The results of the two methods were in good agreement. According to the experimental results, the minimum deviation of tablet weight was obtained at the speed of 60 rpm. However, the wheel speed of 55 rpm was likely to be the better one on account of the calculations, which will be studied in the future experiments.
Biological Safety Assessment of a Colored Zirconia Ceramic: Cell Toxicity and Skin Sensitivity Tests
Authors: Lu Huai Xiu , Deng Bin , Shao Long Quan , Yi Yuan Fu , Liu Jie , Zhang Wei Wei , Wen Ning
Published: September 2011

Objective: To evaluate the biological safety of a colored zirconia ceramic in terms of cellular toxicity and a skin sensitivity test. Methods: the cytotoxicity of the ceramic was evaluated by a molecular filtration method and skin irritation activity of the composite was assessed via intradermal injection of a guinea pig test solution, by inducing, enhancing, and stimulating an allergic response after local tissue exposure. Results: cell-coated filter paper in contact with test material showed the appearance of intracellular blue dye at the same staining density as in control samples, leading to a 0 toxicity rating. Guinea pigs showed no obvious erythema or edema from the irritation test, such that the assessment of colored zirconia ceramic skin allergy response in guinea pig was 0%. Conclusion: this colored zirconia ceramic showed low cytotoxicity and elicited no allergic skin inflammation response, indicating good overall biological safety under these conditions.
The Anti-Erosion Properties of Pyrochlore Simulated Waste Forms
Authors: Wu Ping Ping , Zhang Cheng , Xu Hai Fang , Huang De Xin , Xu Bing , Jiang Dan Yu
Published: September 2011

MCC-1 static short-term corrosion tests were performed to pyrochlore simulated waste forms in deionized water, at 90°C. Experimental results show that pyrochlore simulated waste forms has a good anti-leaching property. Both the normalized mass loss rate and the normalized mass loss of element Ce decrease with soaking time increasing in the short test. The corrosion process is co-dominated by the leaching agent and the corrosion temperature.
Preparation and Performance Test of Epoxy Modified Silicone Resins
Authors: Wu Zhen , Shen Li Ya , Zhou Li
Published: September 2011

A kind of silicone modified by epoxy resin was synthesized by chemical reaction which were characterized and confirmed with FIIR. The changes of the contact angle, glass transition temperature and microstructure of the resin modified with epoxy were studied. The results showed that there was little change on the contact angle of the resin film, there was a slight increase on Tg of the resin and homogeneous phase structure was remained after modification. It was also found that while the content of the epoxy was increased, the roughness of microstructure of the epoxy modified silicone resin was increased and the surface contact angle was rose.
One Monitoring Device for Concrete Early Age Shrinkage
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Liu Kai Qiong , Liu Ai Hua
Published: September 2011

With liquid as transmission medium, using ultrasonic precision measurement, an effective device was studied and developed for monitoring early age shrinkage of concrete. With it, shrinkage of concrete in the plastic stage could be accurately monitored. During the measurement, 0.01mm and even higher monitoring accuracy could be achieved.
Effects of Surface Treatment on the Microstructural and Crystallographic Changes of Dental 3Y-TZP Ceramic
Authors: Gu Bin , Liu Hong Chen , Yi Yuan Fu , Shao Long Quan , Lu Rong Jian , Tian Jie Mo , Deng Bing , Wen Ning
Published: September 2011

Objective: To investigate the effects of different surface treatments on the microstructural and crystallographic changes of dental 3Y-TZP ceramics. Methods: 21 pieces of zirconia specimens (15 ´ 15 ´ 1.5 mm) were prepared and divided into 7 groups: control group; grinding group; polishing group; sandblasting group; sandblasting + veneer porcelain sintering group; sandblasting + veneer porcelain sintering twice group and sandblasting + annealing group. The crystal structure of specimen was monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) before morphological observation with scanning electron microscope. Results: monoclinic phase increased after grinding while decreased little after polishing, bigger phase change presented after sandblasting compared with decreased phase change induced by veneer porcelain sintering; annealing eradicated the surface m phase. Grinding produced coarse scratches on the surface of samples with removal of surface particles; after grinding and polishing to 7 um level, the surface particles were removed massively, and the surface became smooth with remaining scare scratches and substantial micro cracks. Sandblasting removed scratches near completely producing coarse and irregular surface of samples. Conclusions: Grinding, sandblasting and polishing could produce the transition of Zirconia Ceramic surface from t to m phase. It is better to use heat treatment after mechanical treatment to reverse the changed surface phase.
Study on the Relationship between Surface Roughness and Texture Features of Engineering Ceramics
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Wang Jian Quan , Guo Fang
Published: September 2011

The surface roughness and surface texture feature both are the key factors to evaluate the ground ceramics surface. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is introduced to extract and analyze the texture features of ground surface, in order to discover the relationship between texture features and roughness, and predict the roughness of ground ceramics according to the defined texture parameters. Four matrices about different sampling orientations are built up after the sampling offset and total gray levels are determined. By analyzing the correlation about every two features, Contrast, SS and ASM are selected to characterize the texture information of machined surface. Finally, the paper reveals the linear variation laws between Ra, Ry, S, tp and above features. The grounding quality of ceramic products also can be roughly estimated on the ground of that.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Structure for Large Blanking Machine Equipment during High-Speed Blanking
Authors: Xu Shu Bo , Sun K.K. , Jing Cai Nian , Ren Guo Cheng
Published: September 2011

This paper reviews the background and significance to investigate the high-speed speed blanking process modeling simulation and optimization of large blanking machine equipment for CNC uncoiling, leveling and shearing line. And a powerful tool has been providing to of heavy machinery optimal design specifications. The finite element model of beam structure has been established by using a three-dimensional modeling software UG NX4.0 CAD and finite element analysis software ANSYS. Then the static and dynamic characteristics results of the whole beam structure have been simulated. On the basis of analysis results, the optimal static and dynamic performance of square cross-section of the beam structure has been obtained. Drawings at the design stage of large blanking machine equipment for NC uncoiling, leveling and shearing line, the use of finite element theory and modal analysis theory, the structure of the blanking machine static and dynamic performance analysis and prediction using optimal design method for optimization, the new machine to improve job performance, improve processing accuracy, shorten the development cycle and enhance the competitiveness of products is very important.
Simulation on Characteristics of Grinding Fluid Jet Based on FLUENT
Authors: Chao Cai Xia , Pei Shao Yong , Luo Ji Man , Xiu Shi Chao
Published: September 2011

The grinding fluid has the function of cooling and lubricating only when it breaks through the airflow barrier near the grinding wheel and enters into the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. The air-fluid two-phase flow software is used to simulate the characteristics of the grinding fluid field based on VOF, and the special constraint conditions of the outlet pressure are not applied in simulation. The characteristics of the grinding fluid jet and the real moving characteristics of the grinding fluid between the jet flow area and the grinding area are analyzed. It provides the research foundation for the parameters of the grinding fluid supplying.
Analysis on Milling Performance of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy Using TiAlN Coated Carbide Cutting Tools
Authors: Xu Jin Yang , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: September 2011

This research is concerned with the analytical and experimental study on milling of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy with TiAlN coated carbide cutting tools in both low-speed machining and high-speed machining. The results are analyzed in terms of surface roughness and residual stresses of the workpiece. Surface roughness studies indicate that in high-speed milling of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy the surface roughness can maintain a lower value and the workpiece can obtain excellent surface quality compared to the low-speed machining. The high-speed milling was found to be able to enhance the original residual stresses of the workpiece; while the low-speed milling may weaken or undermine the original residual stresses, or even transform the initial compressive stresses into the tensile stresses.
Measurement Error Analysis of Spindle Thermal Deformation
Authors: Qi Xiang Yang , Gao Wei Guo , Zhang Da Wei , Cui Liang Yu , Zhang Hong Jie
Published: September 2011

In the high speed precision machine tools, the thermal deformation of spindle had an important influence in machining accuracy. The data of thermal deformation of spindle was got through measuring test rod in the experiment. However, the system error existing of test rod in running and heat imported led to the difference between the measured values and the actual values. The paper has discussed the deformation of test rod caused by centrifugal force in high speed, Non-uniform thermal field in a stable state, and gravity and the variational elastic modulus. Through analyzing those factors, the main ones and neglectable ones could be confirmed, which laid the theoretical foundation in order to eliminate the interference factors in the measurement values.
Parameter-Design and Experimental Study on Small-Diameter Solid Carbide Deep-Hole Twist Drill
Authors: Xiao S.L. , Zhou Z.X. , Sun Z.M. , Zuo X.C. , Lan E.H.
Published: September 2011

Base on the conventional twist drill, the new type of solid carbide twist drill which the length-to-diameter radio (L/D) is about 12 was developed with improved parameters of drill point and flute geometry. Study of intensity and rigidity of drill was performed by using analysis software ANSYS Workbench for the theoretical support and technical guidance for the design of twist drill. Tests were carried out to compare the new drills with the competitive drills in terms of tool life, chip breaking, and chip disposal. The results obtained from tests indicated that the new type twist drills have similar cutting capability compare to the competitor’s drills.
Tool Path Planning and NC Generation of Tilted Plane Machining Features for Five-Axis Machining
Authors: She Chen Hua , Tsai Yueh Hsun
Published: September 2011

Designs of free-form surface products are becoming increasingly complex. In traditional three-axis machine tool machining, errors that are caused by repetitive positioning and the costs of fixture jig design and manufacturing are critical. Since multi-axis machining provides two more rotational degrees of freedom than a three-axis machine tool, the former can solve these problems, and has therefore become the trend of precision cutting. As multi-axis machined parts often have holes and grooves on the tilted plane, this work proposes a method for machining tilted working plane features and for NC generation on a five-axis machine. The developed module can provide common geometric features, allowing the user to alter the machining feature and sequence on the tilted plane quickly using the parent-child relationship in a tree diagram, and plan the tool path. The postprocessor module developed in this paper can transform the tool path into an NC program required for machining. Finally, solid cutting simulation software is utilized to confirm the feasibility and correctness of the tool path and NC data of the tilted plane machining feature.
Influence of Alternative Magnetic Field Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Surfacing Welding Layer of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhu S. , Wang Qi Wei , Yin F.L. , Liang Y.Y. , Chen L.
Published: September 2011

In order to optimize the MIG welding procedure of aluminum alloy with longitudinal magnetic field and improve the mechanical property, effect of longitudinal magnetic field frequency on microstructure and properties of surfacing layer were investigated. The results show that when the additional longitudinal magnetic field was introduced into welding process, grain was refined, the wear resistance and tensile strength of the surfacing layer were improved as longitudinal magnetic field frequency increased. When frequency of magnetic field is 20 Hz and exciting current is 15 A, effect of grain refining is the best and the mechanical property is the highest. But when exciting current continue to increase, grain became coarse and the mechanical property decreased. So it is concluded that grain was refined and the mechanical property of the surfacing layer were improved under longitudinal magnetic field. But magnetic field frequency has an optimal value; otherwise grain refining and the mechanical property can’t achieve the best effect.
Finite Element Modeling of the Broaching Process of Inconel718
Authors: Zhang Y. L. , Chen Wu Yi
Published: September 2011

2D finite element modeling of the broaching process of Inconel718 was conducted by using the commercial software. Models between cutting forces and cutting parameters were obtained. In addition, a general understanding of the effects of two machining variables rake angle and rising per tooth on chip curling process and gullet-to-chip area ratio, was also obtained.
GTA Welding of Copper Thick Plates by Using ERCuTi Welding Materials
Authors: Li Yi Nan , Peng Z.L. , Yan J.C.
Published: September 2011

The new welding material – ERCuTi alloys filler metals were developed specially for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of copper. The hot cracking in welding copper is inhibited completely as the addition of de-oxidant element Ti in copper welding material. The degree of addition of Ti (2-4wt%) is critical when the susceptibility of cracking is to be suppressed. If the level is allowed to exceed 4wt%, more low-melting point eutectics (β-TiCu4and TiCu2) will be formed in the welds, and cracking susceptibility will be increased again. Results of mechanical properties tests show that although adding Ti increases the hardness and strength of the weld compared to the base metal, the impact ductility and the plastic properties are not decreased significantly.
A Study on Planarization Grinding Process Based on the Cluster Magnetorheological Effect
Authors: Yan Jie Wen , Yan Qiu Sheng , Lu Jia Bin , Kong Ling Ye , Wu Zhan Cheng
Published: September 2011

A new planarization grinding method based on the cluster magnetorheological (MR) effect is presented to grind optical glass in this paper. Some process experiments were conducted to reveal the influence of the speed of the grinding disc and grinding time and grinding pressure during the machining process. The results indicate that the speed of the grinding disc influences definitively on grinding effect of this planarization grinding method based on the cluster MR-effect. When the speed of the grinding disc is 110r/min, better machining effect can be achieved. Furthermore, the influence of the grinding time on machining effect is obviously, and the proper machining time is 6mins. However, under the experiment condition in this paper, the influence of grinding pressure on machining effect is unobvious.
Simulation of Substrate Temperature Distribution in Diamond Films Growth on Silicon Wafer by Hot Filament CVD
Authors: Zhang T. , Zhang Jian Guo , Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong
Published: September 2011

The substrate temperature has great influence on the growth rate and quality of diamond films by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). In order to deposit polycrystalline diamond films of uniform thickness over large areas and improve the growth rate of diamond films, the substrate temperature uniformity need to be further improved. Thus three-dimensional finite volume simulation has been developed to predict substrate temperature distribution, and optimize the deposition parameters like the size and arrangement of filaments which have a profound effect on the substrate temperature. Based on the simulation results, the optimum parameters of diamond deposition are found. Subsequently, experiments of depositing diamond films on silicon (100) wafers are done when the deposition parameters are fixed at optimum values gained from the simulation results. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, the thickness and quality of diamond films are homogeneous, which validate that the simulated deposition parameters are conducive to fabricate the high quality diamond films.
Cutting Performances of Boron Doped Diamond-Coated Milling Tools in Machining Graphite
Authors: Wang Liang , Lei X.L. , Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong , Zhang Z.M. , Chen Ming
Published: September 2011

In this investigation, conventional microcrystalline diamond (MCD) and boron doped diamond (BDD) films are deposited onto commercially available cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) Ball-nose endmills by using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD). The quality and properties of the as-deposited diamond film are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Milling tests of graphite materials using MCD, BDD coated and uncoated tool are carried out. Experiment results reveal that BDD films possess higher adhesive strength to the substrate than that of MCD films, and the BDD coated mills allow to be given smaller flank wear and longer tool life, when compared with MCD coated and uncoated WC-Co tools. Cutting performances of WC-Co mills in graphite milling are greatly improved by BDD coating, and typically more than 10 times the tool life is obtained. The research results are of great significance for high efficiency and quality machining of graphite materials.
Fabrication and Application of Diamond Coated Micro Ball End Mills
Authors: Lei X.L. , Wang Liang , Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong , Zhang Z.M. , Chen Ming
Published: September 2011

Thin diamond films are deposited on commercial tungsten carbide micro ball end mill by using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) technique. Raman spectrum results confirm the high purity of sp3-carbon bond diamond of as-deposited films. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation exhibits continuous fine grained diamond films are uniformly deposited on micro ball end mill. Milling of graphite is chosen to check the cutting performance of fabricated diamond coated micro ball end mill. For the sake of comparison, milling test is also carried out using uncoated micro ball end mill under the same cutting parameters. The milling test results show that the tool life of diamond coated micro ball end mill is about 10 times than that of uncoated one, which may attribute to high hardness, wear resistance, low sticking to graphite of deposited diamond films and strong adhesive strength between them and substrate surfaces.
Characterization of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Titanium Alloy by Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Li Yu Qin , He Wei Feng , Li Ying Hong , Li Qi Peng , Nie Xiang Fan
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the microstructure and microhardness of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si titanium alloy with and without laser shock peening (LSP) were examined and compared. The titanium alloy samples were treated with different layers, at the same power density. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and microhardness techniques were used to analyse microstructure and mechanical. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that there was not any phase transformation and no new crystalline phases have been formed. TEM studies demonstrate that both α and β phase can been refined in the surface layer with LSP. The microhardness measurements with LSP demonstrate that Hardness of crystallization surface is high up to 418MPa, which is more than the sample without LSP, the shock wave improved the microhardness for about 8%, and the affected depth is about 400 microns from the surface.
Heat Treatment Technology for Al-40Si Alloy Modified by Sr Addition
Authors: An Wei Ke , Cai A.H. , Tan X.F. , Li X.S. , Zeng J.J. , Luo Y. , Li Tie Lin
Published: September 2011

The Al-40Si alloy modified by 0.5 wt% Sr addition was heat treated using L9(34) orthogonal test. The mechanical properties were measured. The microstructures were analyzed using optical microscope. After heat treatment, the extension percentage increases more than twice. The eutectic matrix and primary Si phase are both refined. The primary Si phase is refined and homogeneously distributes in the matrix with the solution temperature and time increasing. However, the primary Si phase agglomerates each other with further increasing of the solution temperature and time. According to the microstructure, the optimal solution temperature and time are 500 °C and 14 hours, respectively. In addition, the optimal values for the hardness, tensile strength, and extension percentage are 35.4 HRC, 82.2 MPa, and 2.05 %, respectively.
Research on New Shape Meter of Cold Rolling Strip
Authors: Yu Bing Qiang , Yang Li Po
Published: September 2011

A new strip shaper is developed to avoid the scratch of the strip surface due to different thermal expansion of the traditional detection roller measuring unit effectively. The signal transmission form which is different form the international popular dry slip ring is put forward; the spray wet slip ring is developed to improve the measuring precision and the service life. The signal processing form which is different form the international popular gathering card is put forward and the embedded DSP shape signal processing hardware system is developed to improve the measuring precision and the anti-interference ability. The shape signal processing software system whose function contains error compensation, pattern recognition, establishment of the target shape and the close-loop control calculation is built to implement the intelligentized shape meter. The shape meter has been test chronically on the 1250 mm cold strip mill of Angang Steel Company Limited and the test result indicates that the measuring signal is stable and reliable and the closed-loop control of shape is implemented.
Numerical Analysis on Heat Transfer and Flow-Induced Vibration of an Elastic Supported Cylinder
Authors: Su Y.C. , Ge Pei Qi , Yan K.
Published: September 2011

The characteristic of flow-induced vibration and heat transfer of a cylinder with elastic supporting in two-dimensional fluid flow was numerically investigated by Workbench and CFX software. The numerical results show that, in the same conditions, the greater elastic support stiffness of the cylinder is ,the greater the value and range of fluid speed where the vortex-induced vibration of a circular occurs; With the same elastic support stiffness, the frequency and amplitude of flow-induced cylinder vibrating along transverse direction are much greater than that of in in-line direction(longitudinal direction), and the value and range of fluid speed where the vortex-induced vibration along longitudinal direction of a cylinder occurs is much smaller than that of along transverse direction. When the max vibration velocity of cylinder is much less than the flow speed, the flow-induced cylinder vibration can not reach the effect of heat transfer enhancement.
Calculation of Maxwell Stress Tensor Using 3D FDTD for Trapping Force in Near-Field Optical Tweezers
Authors: Liu Bing Hui , Yan Li Jun , Wang Yang
Published: September 2011

New forms of trapping force are proposed for the design of near-field optical tweezers. Without the limitation of dipole approximation, the trapping force acting on a nano-particle located in near-field region can be solved by direct calculation of Maxwell stress tensor using 3D FDTD method. The new forms are used to design near-field optical trapping with a metal-coated fiber probe. Calculations show that the fiber probe can trap a nano-particle with tens of nanometres diameter to different positions with different distance from the probe tip. In order to achieve higher trapping capability, the feasibility of near-field trapping near the optical fiber probe after adding the AFM metallic probe is shown by analyzing trapping forces along three axis directions. The correctness of new forms is demonstrated by numerical results.
Efficiency-Reinforcement Design Study for Elastomeric Hydraulic Reciprocating Seal Based on Function Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fu Ying , Zhang Hong Chao , Zheng Hui
Published: September 2011

The efficiency-reinforcement design framework for hydraulic reciprocating seal is proposed, and the function attributes analysis model for reciprocating seal system is built. Through analyzing the components, functions and attributes of elastomeric hydraulic reciprocating seal system, the attributes that influence seal efficiency-reinforcement are identified. By eliminating the function attributes that lead to seal leakage and seal failure, and/or by improving the function attributes that are insufficient in seal, the efficiency-reinforcement design concept can be obtained. A new seal efficiency-reinforcement design solution is also present using this method.
Robust Design with Engineering Models Described by Implicit Mathematical Functions
Authors: Sun G.Z. , Zhang J. , Hong B. , Zhao Y.J. , Xue D.Y. , Gu Pei Hua
Published: September 2011

This research introduces a robust design approach using engineering models described by implicit mathematical functions. In this paper, the scheme to describe the engineering models using implicit functions is explained first. The relationships between product functional performance variations and design parameters are then derived from these implicit functions. An optimal robust design model is subsequently introduced to minimize functional performance variation. A case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the robust design approach with engineering models described by implicit mathematical functions.
Surface Burn and Suppression in Grinding TC4 with Segmented CBN Cup Wheel
Authors: Liu Ji , Chen Wu Yi , Li Xun , Chen Zhi Tong , Zou Xi Yue
Published: September 2011

The study focused on surface burn of titanium alloy (TC4) in the grinding process using a novel segmented cup wheel with internal cooling structure. The threshold burn temperature was found in grinding TC4. Plastically deformed coating layers and micro-cracks were observed on ground surface by SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) and depth of microstructure alterations was more than 180 microns in high temperature. Finally, a novel wheel with internal cooling structure was developed for reducing grinding temperature and suppressing surface burn.
A Study of Machine Design Method Based on Technological Process
Authors: Wang D. , Yang Yu Hu , Shi Z.
Published: September 2011

This paper proposes a method of building the design tree with stratified constraints and modifications for the machine design with pre-defined technological process. The design method displays the design process in a tree structure with overall open yet local convergent characteristics. It is applied to develop an innovative, a comprehensive, and practical design through design detailing, integrative constraints and interventions, and real-time evaluations. As an example the design of the tire-building drum is given.
Dynamic Analysis on Crank-Slider Mechanism of Reciprocating Pump
Authors: Han Z.G. , Liu Qing Jian
Published: September 2011

The crank-slider mechanism is the key component in reciprocating pumps. With the increase of the rotational speed of the crank-slider mechanism, the vibration and working noise of reciprocating pumps increase. Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, the dynamic model of the crank-slider mechanism of reciprocating pumps is proposed. A numerical example is given and the validity of the procedure developed here is demonstrated by analyzing the dynamic behavior of a typical crank-slider mechanism of the reciprocating pump. The model can well simulate the dynamic response of the mechanism, which can enable designers to obtain required information on the analysis and design of reciprocating pumps.
The Efficiency Analysis on Cutting Power of EPB Shield Cutter
Authors: Sun Y.H. , Yu L. , Ji G.B. , Liu Jian Qin , Guo Wei
Published: September 2011

There are two basic types of EPB shield cutter: panel type and spoke type. The efficiency and process of the driving work will be directly related to the chose of the cutter type. Torque model of the shield cutter can be established by analyzing the load under working conditions. Methods to analyze the efficiency of two different types of cutters under working conditions can be explored, through analysis with specific examples of projects in this paper. Thus, theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing and studying the efficiency of shield cutter.
The Prediction of EPB Excavation Stability Based on Geological Data
Authors: Li N. , Guo Wei , Liu Jian Qin
Published: September 2011

The excavation stability takes an important role for EPB excavation in keeping surface stability and engineering safety. The prediction of EPB excavation stability based on geological data could improve the stability of the Shield. According to the data from geological prospect and field excavation, the mathematic model of the stability of Shield earth pressure balance has been analyzed, and the range of Shield thrust force has been ascertained. The nonlinear tendency of the resistance on cutting head has been confirmed by the analysis to the distribution of opening rate. The prediction standard of Shield excavation stability has been advanced in order to instruct the regulation of excavation chamber pressure and thrust force, and reduces engineering risk and cost.
Chinese and Western Cultural Differences Embodied in Industrial Design
Authors: Zhong C.
Published: September 2011

This article mainly describes the development of Chinese design culture and the impact of culture in Germany, Italy and Scandinavian countries on industrial design. Then it analyzes differences from perception of nature, value, thinking mode and aesthetic point between China and the West. It compares the difference of industrial design in different countries and impact of different cultures on industrial design. It systematically studies the relationship between culture and industrial design. The key point in design is use of culture. The innovative point in this article is to apply the cultural elements to industrial design. In design, the combination of cultural elements and products should be natural and proper. The cultural elements and products should have something in common. People should not superficially impose cultural symbols on the appearance of product.
Stability Analysis of a Processor Unit Served in Deep-Sea
Authors: Bian D.D. , Zhang H.W. , Liu Y.H. , Liu H.Z.
Published: September 2011

Stability is the key of designing thin-walled external-pressure Vessels. Nonlinear buckling analysis using finite element method has been carried out on a processor unit of an autonomous underwater vehicle to study the stability of the processor unit considering the screw tightening. Effects of the cylinder thickness on the critical pressure are discussed. Results show that the buckling wave number is 4 in the circumferential direction, and the critical pressure decreases with decreasing the cylinder thickness exponentially, which is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation.
Error Modelling for Master Slave Surgical Robot System
Authors: Zhang Jian Ye , Zhao Chen , Zhang Da Wei
Published: September 2011

The Position and orientation accuracy of robot manipulator has long become a major issue to be considered in its advanced application. A linear error model that described the end-effector position and orientation errors of the master salve surgical robot system due to kinematics parameters errors has been presented. A computer program to perform the accuracy analysis has been developed in MATLAB. This methodology and software are applied to the accuracy analysis of a master-slave surgical robot system. The position error in its workspace cross section (XOZ) has been plotted as 3D surface graph and discussed.
Achievement of Dynamic-Link Library for Image Segmentation Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Liu Shi Wei , Li Jun Lan , Zhao Xing Yu , Zhang Da Wei
Published: September 2011

In order to design a wire bonder, a vision position module on LabVIEW platform is needed. In this paper, an improved Otsu method is achieved based on LabVIEW and dynamic-link library (DLL). By analyzing the mechanism of dynamic-link library, this paper introduced the key technique of achieving image segmentation on LabVIEW by using DLL. Finally, experiments are undertaken by using a kind of IC chip. It’s shown that, the quality of resulting images achieved by LabVIEW is similar as that achieved by VC++, and the segmentation costs less than 50ms, about 20ms more than that achieved by VC++.
Study on Technology of Restraining the Vibration of Deep-Hole Boring and the Helix Lobes
Authors: Zhu Lin , Nan Ying Fei
Published: September 2011

On the base of studying the forming mechanism of self-excited vibration and helix lobes in deep-hole boring, the paper established a mechanical model and analysed the effect of the length of the guide pads on the vibration and stability. Moreover, the reasonable length of the guide pads was verified by the experiments of the guide pads testing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base with Bivalence Transition Metal Complexes Namely Cu, Co, Ni, Mn and Fe
Authors: Xavier A. , Sathya R , Usha D. , Harikrishnan P.S.
Published: September 2011

A series of metal complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base with metal (II) salt solution. The complexes were characterized by UV and FT- IR studies. The study reveals that the geometry of the complexes were octahedral. The electronic spectra of these complexes show a strong absorption band in 550 - 580nm region. This confirms the coordination of ligand with metal. The FT-IR shows a very strong band at 1616cm-1assigned to C=N stretching vibration. It is shifted to lower wave number because of the complex formation, suggesting that coordination of the Schiff base groups through N- atoms with the metal ion. The band at 3496 cm-1is due to aromatic N-H stretching, It is noted that a broad band of the asymmetric and symmetric O-H stretching mode around the region 3400 cm-1presumably due to H-O-H bending vibrations are not observed in the spectrum of complexes, which are indicating of the absence of the water molecule.
Two-Component Behavior of Cuprate Superconductors from NMR Shifts
Authors: Rybicki Damian , Greven Martin , Haase Juergen , Meissner Thomas , Goh Swee K. , Williams Grant V. M.
Published: September 2011

NMR spin shift data of La1:85Sr0:15CuO4, HgBa2CuO4+ at ambient pressure, andof YBa2Cu4O8 at pressure up to 63 kbar are discussed that fail the traditional single-electronicuid picture used for the discussion of NMR data. Instead the results point to a commonexplanation for all three systems in terms of two electronic components. One of them hasa temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility while the second component, as well as itscoupling to the rst component, are constant above the superconducting transition temperatureTc. All susceptibilities vanish below Tc.
Pitfalls and Experimental Issues in Measuring Ion Flux from Actuating Conducting Polymers Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Laslau Cosmin , Williams David E. , Wright Bryon E. , Travas Sejdic Jadranka
Published: September 2011

We discuss experimental issues associated with a novel operating mode of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). This mode characterizes the ion fluxes that emanate from conducting polymers (CPs) as they actuate, important for understanding CP applications ranging from artificial muscles to micropumps. The CP studied is a thin film of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) actuated out of plane. We outline the design principles underpinning our CP ion flux measurements and discuss experimental complications that arose - most notably a baseline current that may be attributable to a spatially varying CP oxidation state. We discuss the dependence of this baseline ion flux current on the separation distance between SICM tip and CP film, substrate type and substrate area.
Optics-Based Strain Sensing System
Authors: Stevens Kevin J. , Williams Grant V.M. , Monfils I. , Hirst D. , Wagner P. , Raymond S.G. , Quilty J. W. , Do My T. T.
Published: September 2011

An optics-based strain sensing system is being developed for quazi-distributed strain sensing in locations and environments that are not accessible to conventional strain sensors. The system comprises an Optical Interrogator that has been designed and constructed by Southern Photonics [1], and optical fibre coupled Bragg grating strain sensors. It has been tested using commercial fibre Bragg gratings [2] that were attached to 2 samples of 316 grade stainless steel and cycled in strain and temperature using an Instron mechanical testing machine and temperature controlled cabinet. The results have been compared to the performance of conventional electrical resistance strain gauges. Pairs of fibre Bragg gratings were simultaneously interrogated at 1540 and 1550 nm centre wavelengths to demonstrate the ability of the system to use multiple sensors for quazi-distributed sensing and temperature compensation. The Optical Interrogator resolution is approximately 4 microstrains, accounting for longer term temperature drift, and it is capable of resolving dynamic strains at rates of up to 90 Hz.
Improvement of UHMWPE Properties for Bioimplants by Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Cerny Frantisek , Ibrahim Mohamed Ali Khalil , Suchanek Jan , Konvickova Svatava , Jech Vladimir , Horak Zdenek
Published: September 2011

The effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent thermal treatment on the wear resistance and friction behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been studied. Irradiation of the polymer was performed using a 60Co γ-emitter at laboratory temperature. Radiation dose 50 kGy was applied. Some irradiated samples were thermally treated at 150˚C for period of 30 min. and then slowly cooled to room temperature. A linear reciprocating tribometer was used to investigate the wear behavior of UHMWPE against Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The tests have been performed in unlubrication conditions. An important increase in wear resistance of the modified UHMWPE in comparison with the original material was proved. Besides wear rate the selected mechanical characteristics (friction coefficient, Young’s modulus, yield strength, fracture strength, and hardness) of original and modified samples of UHMWPE have been determined.