bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IV.—On Post-Eocene Surface-Changes in the London Basin
Authors: Irving A.
Published: May 2009

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, for 1892, contains a paper by Mr. H. W. Monckton, F.G.S., embodying a useful and valuable collection of observations tending to throw additional light upon the history of the surface-changes, which have taken place in the higher parts of the London Basin in later Tertiary and Quaternary times. The theoretical views put forward in that paper have not, however, altogether the novelty which the author seems to claim for them. He is wrong in coupling my name with that of Prof. Rupert Jones as an advocate of a partial marine origin of the gravels, and so claiming novelty for the theory (p. 45) “that all the gravels in the area dealt with were formed after it had for the last time risen above the sea.” A few quotations will put this in a clear light.
IV.—On a New Species or Discites (Discites Hibernicus) from the Lower Carboniferous Limestone of Ireland
Authors: Foord Arthur H. , Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

The specimen which forms the subject of the present communication was obtained by one of the writers from the Carboniferous Limestone, near Dublin. Although one side of the specimen is covered by matrix, yet the other side and the periphery are so splendidly preserved, and the shell has not been distorted during fossilisation, that the characters of the fossil can be accurately determined (see Woodcut, p. 254).
VIII.—Forminiferal Limestones from the Grenadine Islands, West Indies
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J.
Published: May 2009

The specimens which form the subject of this note were sent to me by Mr. G. F. Franks, F.G.S., of Bridgetown, Barbados, and were obtained by a correspondent of his from the island of Canouan, one of the Grenadine group. Mr. Franks had made slides from three of the samples, and having recognised them as foraminiferal limestones he sent them to me for fuller examination, stating at the same time that the limestone was associated with a compact igneous rock, apparently a porphyritic andesite, with abundant glassy ground mass enclosing streams of microliths. He also sent fragments of four differenct varieties of the limestone, and my friend Mr. W. Hill has been kind enough to cut me a slide frome one of these which appeared different from the others.
V.—Note on the Quetta Earthquake of December 20th, 1892
Authors: Davison Charles
Published: May 2009

On the morning of December 20, 1892, a severe earthquake was felt in the neighbourhood of Quetta in British Balúchistan. Some of the remarkable effects of this shock have already been described in a paper in “Engineering” for May 19, by Mr. R. W. Egerton, the executive engineer in charge of the Shalabagh division of the North-Western Railway. The present note is founded partly on this paper, and partly on further details contained in letters written by Mr. Egerton to his father, Sir. R. E. Egerton, K.C.I.E. and to myself. It will thus be seen that everything that is of value in this paper is due to Mr. Egerton's careful observations; my own part has simply been to edit these notes and to select from them, those particulars which appear to me of most interest to geologists.
II.—On the Mandible and Mandibular Teeth of Cochliodonts
Authors: Owen
Published: May 2009

The extinct cartilaginous fishes represented in ‘mountain lime-stone’ and similary aged carboniferous formations by detached teeth, or dental masses adapted for crushing, have been referred to the Cestraciont family; and, so far as I know, have now no nearer living representative, in the class of fishes, than the Port Jackson shark (Cestracion Philippi.)
V.—On the Stratigraphical Position of Acanthopholis Horridus (Huxley)
Authors: Ethbridge Robt.
Published: May 2009

Professor Huxley's communication, relative to the discovery of a new Reptile in the Lower Chalk of the south of England, which he has called Acanthopholis horridus, may be rendered more interesting by a detailed description of its stratigraphical position and its associated organic remains, a matter of some importance in this cases, as few, if any, higher reptilian remains have occurred in the Lower Chalk of either Europe or England; whereas in the Wealden group below the Cretaceous rocks, and still lower, in the Oolites and Lias, many genera occur. The discovery by the Rev. W. Fox of a remarkable and allied reptile in 1866, from the Wealden beds of the Isle of Wight, named Polacanthus by Professor Owen, increases still more the interest of this new genus, and is another reason why it is well to understand its geological horizon.
I.—Contributions to the Palæontology of the Yorkshire Oolites
Authors: Hudleston Wilfrid H.
Published: May 2009

The number of fossil species of Fusus is considerable, but they do not date back from a very high antiquity. None are enumerated by Tate and Blake from the Lias of Yorkshire. Certain forms from the Upper Lias of Normandy, referred by Deslongchamps to Fusus, have not been accepted as such, and the first of the genus admitted by D'Orbigny is Fusus nodulosus, Desl., from the Great Oolite of Langrune. Even this almost comes within the genus Brachytrema of Lycett (Ool. Moll. p. 24), instituted to include some small turbinated forms with highly ornamented whorls and a short oblique canal.
III.—Note on the So-Called “Hypersthenite” of Carrock Fell, Cumberland
Authors: Trechmann Chas. O.
Published: May 2009

Through the kindness of Mr. J. J. Harris Teall, F.G.S., I have been enabled to examine a hand-specimen of the above rock, gathered by himself at a point about half-way between the village of Mosedale and the summit of Carrock Fell. In general appearance it coincides with the white or grey variety of the hypersthenite of Mr. J. C. Ward, and which is described by him generally as “a coarsely crystalline compound of plagioclase felspar and hypersthene, with scattered grains of titaniferous iron oxide, and more or less quartz,” remarking that “the hypersthene may be replaced by a hornblendic mineral or may occur in conjunction with it.”
I.—Eminent Living Geologists.—No. 5
Authors: Ramsay Andrew C.
Published: May 2009

The recent retirement of Sir Andrew Ramsay from the post of Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, affords us a fitting opportunity to place on record in the pages of the Geological Magazine a short account of the career of this eminent living geologist.
II.—On the Occurrence of Spermophilus beneath the Glacial Till of Norfolk
Authors: Newton E. T.
Published: May 2009

The remains of the genus Spermophilus have been so rarely found in Britain that an account of another example could not but be of interest to geologists; but the specimen described below is especially noteworthy as it has been obtained from a deposit only recently discovered, and from which no vertebrate remains have as yet been recorded. The deposit referred to is the “Arctic Freshwater Bed,” discovered near Mundesley, by Mr. Alfred Nathorst (vide Journ. of Botany, vol. iii. 1873, p. 225), and investigated by my colleague, Mr. Clement Eeid, during the survey of the Norfolk coast (GEOL. MAG. for Dec. 1880).
III.—Some Points in the Geology of Anglesey
Authors: Callaway C.
Published: May 2009

I do not hesitate to say that Dr. Eoberts could not have written the letter which appears in this Magazine for December, 1881, if he had read my papers on Anglesey with care. Not only does he confound together things which I have expressly made to differ, but he attributes to me opinions which never existedineither my thoughts or my writings. I must remove some of these misapprehensions, before discussing the real questions in dispute.
I.—Earth-Movements,—Tremors and Pulsations
Authors: Milne John
Published: May 2009

Recent investigations appear to have shown that terra firma is a phrase indicating a condition of our solid earth which scientifically has no existence. The crust of the earth is in a state of constant movement. When these movements are sudden and violent, we call them earthquakes; transient shiverings, which require the aid of instruments to make them visible, we call earth tremors; movements of longer period and greater amplitude, causing large areas, like islands and continents, to rise and fall like rafts upon the ocean, are called oscillations. To express the study of the whole of these Earth-movements it would here be convenient to have a special term.
V.—Supplement to a Chapter in the History of Meteorites
Authors: Flight Walter
Published: May 2009

Brezina points out that in the Catalogue prepared by Tschermak this iron is indicated asof, showing fine-ruled Wiedmanstättian figures. It differs, however, very much from other irons of this group, like that from Lion River, Jewell Hill, Charlotte Co., etc., while it closely resembles the Butler iron. While, however, in the latter case the chief walls of the skeleton inclose very large chambers, here they are very small, so that the skeleton-character is far less marked.
III.—Notice of New Fish Remains from the Blackband Ironstone of Borough Lee, near Edinburgh.—No. III.
Authors: Thaquair E. H.
Published: May 2009

Length of a typical spine 1⅞ inches; greatest diameter, inch. The spine is thickest about half an inch from its proximal extremity, towards which it slightly contracts, while distally it tapers to a fine point; its contour is at first straight, then becoming gently curved backwards towards the apex. Transverse section at first round, but near the middle of the spine a flattened atea commences, running along the posterior margin, and as this is followed onwards, a delicate median ridge appears, and is continued to the apex. Along the boundary, on each side, of this posterior area, a right and left row of denticles is seen extending from the apex to three-quarters of an inch from the base: they thus occupy a greater extent of the length of the spine than the area in question. These denticles are about 38 on each side, opposite, closely set, minute, their bases compressed and proportionally elongated, their sharp, conical points directed obliquely downwards. Surface of spine striated proximally by delicate longitudinal grooves, which become gradually lost towards the perfectly smooth apex. As usual, a rounded central cavity commences at the base and extends towards the apex.
VI.—Traces of a Great Post-Glacial Flood
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: May 2009

There is an unfortunate Nemesis attaching to great discoveries and generalizations, which has not been sufficiently noticed. When men have been floundering about for years in a quagmire of confusion and difficulty, and some brilliant pen points out a clear waj' by which the tangle may be threaded,—a way which is so ingenious and simple that it at once seizes upon the current scientific thought, and compels the adhesion of everybody,—it inevitably produces a period of stagnation and for a while dwarfs inquiry. What is so palpably true and simple as the explanation of a very perplexing difficulty is taken to explain all the difficulty, and, for a while at all events, men's energies are devoted to bringing every apparently aberrant and stubborn fact within the new law or the new process; and every effect, however remote, is traced by a direct way or by a zigzag to the prime cause which has proved so fruitful. It is only after an interval, when men have digested and incorporated the new theory into their daily creed, and it no longer overawes them by its freshness, that they are in a mood to ask soberly whether, after all, too much has not been demanded from one cause,—whether, after all, the intricate and far-fetched explanations, which are necessary to connect that cause with effects with which we are familiar, is not illegitimate,—and whether we must not supplement it by some other cause, which has modified and altered its work, if we are to solve the whole riddle.
II.—Observations on the Rounding of Pebbles by Alpine Rivers, with a Note on their Bearing upon the Origin of the Bunter Conglomerate
Authors: Bonney T. G.
Published: May 2009

When preparing my address to Section C in 1886, I had much need of information as to the amount of rounding which takes place in rock fragments when transported by rapid streams. Useful information and references are given in Dr. A. Geikie's Text Book and in De Lapparent's “Traité de Géologie,” and there are the experimental researches of Daubrée in his “Géologie Experimental”; but from neither these nor other sources (so far as known to me) could I obtain what I wanted. I must, however, admit that I am less familiar with the talus heap of geological literature than I should be, and prefer making observations in the open air, to hunting for records of them in a library. So, as I had some opportunities of doing the former during my journey last summer, I record the results in the hope that they may be useful to others; first heartily thanking my companion, the Rev. E. Hill, for constant co-operation and assistance.
III.—The Gneissose Granite of the Himalayas
Authors: McMahon Colonel C. A.
Published: May 2009

I Have read with great pleasure Mr. R. D. Oldham's interesting article in this Magazine, for October, 1887, on the gneissose rocks of the Himalayas. Mr. Oldham concurs with me in assigning an eruptive origin for the more or less gneissose rocks at Dalhousie, the Chor, and for almost all those in the Satlej Valley; and as I have in my published papers expressly intimated “my belief that some of the crystalline rocks of the north-western Himalayas are metamorphic gneisses” (Records Geol. Surv. India, vol. xviii. p. 110), I see no grounds for dissenting from his observations regarding the latter class of rocks.
VII.—Notes on Carboniferous Selachii
Authors: Traquair R. H.
Published: May 2009

The teeth known as Cladodus (type C. mirabilis, Ag.) have a flattened, transversely elongated, sub-elliptical or reniform base, the anterior margin being straighter than the posterior and often slightly excavated in the middle. Anteriorly the base is thick, and generally shows a groove separating the truly basal from the coronal portion, while the posterior margin is thin owing to the downward and backward slope of the ripper surface. From this upper surface anteriorly spring a number of cones or denticles, of which the median is the longest; it is flanked by lateral denticles, of which an outer one on each side is longer than those intermediate. The larger denticles, at least, are flattened antero-posteriorly and have lateral cutting margins.
VII.—Palœontological Nomenclature
Authors: Buckman S. S.
Published: May 2009

The remarks made by Mr. Haddow in the GeologicalMagazine, Decade III. Vol. IV. p. 519, seem to demand a reply.

1.—He complains of the multiplication of generic or subgeneric names of Ammonites.

2.—He laments the confusion which appears to have arisen concerning what have hitherto been regarded as recognizable species.

3.—He suggests that the trinomial system would obviate the necessity of any of these changes and be at the same time an advantage.
I.—On the Mollusca of the Pleistocene Gravels in the Neighbourhood of Cambridge
Authors: Hughes McKenny
Published: May 2009

The site of Barnwell Abbey has long been excavated for gravel. The pits have been easily accessible to collectors, and have for many years yielded large numbers of Mammalian bones, Mollusca, and a few plant-remains.

These gravels were noticed by the Rev. P. B. Brodie and Prof Sedgwick in 1838. Prof. Seeley gave a sketch of them in the Q. J. G. S. 1866, in which there was a list of the land and freshwater shells drawn up by Mr. Dewick. They were described by Mr. Jukes-Browne in his essay on the Post-Tertiary deposits of Cambridgeshire, 1878, and in the Memoir of the Geological Survey.
III.—On Some Effects of Pressure on the Devonian Sedimentary Rocks of North Devon
Authors: Marr J. E.
Published: May 2009

During Professor Hughes' annual geological excursion, which was last Easter conducted to Ilfracombe, I was much struck with certain structures exhibited by the ordinary Devonian sediments, and some of these are, I think, worthy of a short notice. Most of them are exhibited on the beach close to Ilfracombe, at the bathing place, where there is also seen the folded grit band rendered classical through Dr. Sorby's writings.
I.—Some Cretaceous Pycnodont Fishes
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith
Published: May 2009

It is well known that the crushing teeth of the Pycnodont fishes as a rule are arranged with striking regularity upon the bones which bear them, the vomer in the upper jaw and the splenials in the lower jaw. They are disposed in longitudinal series, gradually increasing in size backwards, and there is only one genus satisfactorily known (Mesodon) in which there is any marked tendency towards the frequent disturbance of this linear arrangement.
III.—The Upper Devonian Fishes of Ohio
Authors: Claypole E. W.
Published: May 2009

Under the true Carboniferous strata of Ohio, that is below the base of the Berea Grit, lies a mass of shale of varying colour many hundred feet in thickness. The uppermost fifty or sixty feet are often red or reddish, and have been separated with the name of the Bedford Shale. The next layer, of about the same thickness, is usually black or at least very dark and bears the name of the Cleveland Shale. Below this again is a greenish mass 500 feet or more in thickness, known as the Erie Shale. Another dark bed follows—the Huron Shale—beneath which is the great limestone base of the Devonian in Ohio, the Corniferous.
V.—Note on the Growth of Lake Geneva
Authors: Davison Charles
Published: May 2009

Though the observations described in this note are not conclusive, they seem to me to show that the lake of Geneva is probably growing at the present time, and that a similar growth, if taking place beneath an ice-covering on nearly level ground, would in time produce a true rock-basin. Unfortunately, the instruments used were very delicate levels, and experiments with such instruments prove that they are not to be trusted entirely for measurements of very small angles continued over a long interval of time.
VI.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia
Authors: von Zittel Karl A.
Published: May 2009

In addition to the localities in Europe and N. America, another area for Tertiary Mammals has in very recent times been laid open to view in the Southern part of Argentina, which promises in the wealth of its contents to exceed those previously known. A few scattered remains from the Tertiary beds of the neighbourhood of Santa Cruz in Patagonia were already known more than forty years ago, but it is only lately, through the work of Burmeister and Moreno, and more particularly through the indefatigable researches of Florentino Ameghino, that a more complete insight into this very remarkable fauna has been obtained.
I.—Restoration of Coryphodon
Authors: Marsh O. C.
Published: May 2009

The genus Coryphodon, established by Owen in 1846, is of great importance alike to geologists and palæntologists. It represents a remarkable group of large ungulate mammals now known to have lived both in America and Europe during early Eocene time. The remains are found in a distinct horizon, essentially the same in each, continent. This horizon is so well marked that geologists may use it as a base for determining the age of other strata. The Coryphodont mammals themselves are of special interest to anatomists, owing to the primitive characters shown in the skeleton. Perhaps their greatest importance lies in the fact, that these large hoofed mammals make their appearance suddenly in great numbers at the base of the Tertiary, without a hint as to their ancestral line, and with only diminutive generalized forms for their Mesozoic predecessors.
IV.—The Recent Geological History of the Arctic Lands
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: May 2009

Since writing my previous paper on the question of whether, during the so-called Glacial period, the Arctic lands had a milder and not a more severe climate, I have met with some evidence on the subject so important and suggestive that I feel sure it will be welcome to some of your readers, especially as it involves a considerable departure from conventional views. In 1861 Sir Joseph Hooker wrote his famous paper on the distribution of Arctic plants, in which he argued that the flora of Greenland is distinctly of European type; that Greenland is a sub-region, in fact, of the Scandinavian Botanical province. To state his own conclusion in his own words, “the flora of Greenland is almost exclusively Lapponian, having an extremely light admixture of American or Asiatic types.”
VI.—The Development of Brown Mica from Augite by Reaction with Felspathic Material
Authors: Parsons James
Published: May 2009

The conversion of augite or hornblende into brown mica appears to take place from three causes:—

1. By crushing of pyroxenic minerals and felspar, as has been observed by Professor Bonney in sundry schists of the Alps.

2. By the intrusion of felspathic material into a rock containing augite or hornblende, as in the Harz, where granite invades diabase, converting the augite into biotite. A similar change has been observed in the gabbro of the Barnavave Mountain, in the Carlingford district, the diallage being wholly or in part replaced by biotite owing to the invasion of granophyric magma. In Sark the intrusion of an aplitic magma into almost pure hornblende has resulted in the formation of biotite.
I.—Note on the Structure of Sarsens
Authors: Judd J. W.
Published: May 2009

[Introductory Note.—After the publication of my paper on the Sarsens, or Sarsen Stones, in the Wiltshire Archæological and Natural History Society's Magazine, vol. xxiii (1886), pp. 122–154, many friendly communications gave me further information on the subject, and additional references to published facts and opinions. From this correspondence, and my own notes made in the country, I propose to utilize much that seems to be of interest. The most important of these additions to our knowledge of the Sarsens is the following memoir on their constitution and structure by my friend Prof. Dr. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S., etc., of the Royal College of Science, who most obligingly examined with care the microscopical structure of many specimens from authenticated localities. With his kind permission this valuable communication (dated March 9th, 1888) is here printed.—T. RupertJones.]
III.—History of the Sarsens
Authors: Jones T. Rupert
Published: May 2009

Additional Notes.—These further references and fuller quotations are here given with the view of making the History of the Sarsens, or Sarsen Stones, more complete and more easily available, especially by indicating the chronological succession of observed facts and published opinions.
IV.—Some Geological Notes on Central France
Authors: Johnston M. S.
Published: May 2009

I thought, perhaps, some readers of the Geological Magazine might be interested in a few notes taken during the International Geological Congress excursion to the Massif of Central France and the region of the Causses, and on the chief rocks there, with the best places for finding examples.
II.—On the Age of the Morte Slate Fossils
Authors: Gregory J. W.
Published: May 2009

As the discussion at the Geological Society on Dr. Hicks' paper “On the Morte Slates and Associated Beds in North Devonand West Somerset ” (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. lii, pp. 254–272, pis. x, xi) showed that the case for the Silurian age of those beds rested mainly on the palæontological evidence, I examined themore important fossils somewhat carefully at the close of the meeting. I had a perfectly open mind as to the age of the fauna, for a couple of visits to North Devon and West Somerset had given me the impression that pre-Devonian beds might be hidden in theeastern part of the area.
II.—Notes on some Lower Tertiary Shells from Egypt
Authors: Newton R. Bullen
Published: May 2009

The Tertiary shells referred to in this paper constitute a portionof the Egyptian collection of fossils sent to the British Museumfor description by Capt. H. G. Lyons, E.E., F.G.S., Director of theGeological Survey of Egypt.
II.—Note on the Lower Cambrian of Bethesda, North Wales
Authors: Hughes T. McKenny
Published: May 2009

Until quite lately no fossils had been found in the Lower Cambrian of Bethesda. Indeed we had almost given up the hope of obtaining any evidence of the life of the period represented by them, because of the great alteration in the character of the rock resulting from the severe mechanical action to which it had been subjected. The announcement that Mr. Robert Lloyd had discovered fossils in the uppermost slate beds of the Penrhyn Quarries was therefore received with great interest, which was increased when it was found that some of these were in a sufficiently perfect state for determination, and that they were referred by Dr. Woodward to a new species of a well-known Lower Cambrian genus of Trilobite.
V.—On a New Species of the Genus Protaster (P. brisingoides), from the Upper Silurian of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Gregory J. Walter
Published: May 2009

So little is as yet known of the Palæozoic Ophiuroidea, that the discovery of some specimens that represent a new species of Protaster in the Upper Silurian rocks of Victoria is of interest. Some of the specimens were forwarded to Dr. Woodward by Mr. Frederick McKnight, of 60, Hawke Street, West, Melbourne, Victoria, some time ago, but they were too fragmentary to be of much service; several better examples having been received from the same source, Dr. Woodward has kindly entrusted them to me for description.
I.—On a New Species of Dipterus
Authors: Traquair R. H.
Published: May 2009

From the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness, four species of Dipterus were originally named by Sedgwick and Murchison, those being as follows:—

1. Dipterus brachypygopterus, anal fin short.

2. D. macropygopterus, anal fin long.

3. D. Valenciennesii, small in size, narrow in shape.

4. D. macrolepidotus, not characterized although figured.

It is evident from the figures of “D. macrolepidotus” that it does not belong to the same genus, even to the same family, as the other forms. Those have circular scales, whereas in “macrolepidotus,” the scales are rhombic, and the head bones are clearly seen to be very different from those of Dipterus.
III.—Notes on Altered Igneous Rocks of Tintagel, North Cornwall
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard
Published: May 2009

Coming along the cliffs from Boscastle towards Tintagel, at the part just seawards of the village of Trevalga, and between the outlying rocks known as “Short Island” and “Long Island,” we see one or two limited outcrops of a schistose rock different from the surrounding slates, shales, etc. A thoroughly good sight of it is not, however, obtained till we reach the extreme north side of Bossiney Cove, a little way south of Long Island, when a very fine exposure of the sheet in question is observed, lying in among the sedimentary rocks, sharply marked off from them at contact, so that the junction-lines can be seen distinctly even from some distance.
VII.—On some Ostracoda from the Mabou Coal-field, Inverness Co., Cape Breton (Nova Scotia)
Authors: Jones T. Rupert , Kirkby J. W.
Published: May 2009

Thirteen specimens of black shale, crowded with Ostracoda, besides fish-scales, Anthracomyæ (?), and other small fossils, were sent in 1886 by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, F.G.S., Palæontologist of the Geological Survey of Canada, for examination. They had been collected by Mr. A. H. Foord, F.G.S., of that Survey, in 1881.
V.—Note on some Pebbles in the Basal Conglomerate of the Cambrian at St. Davids
Authors: Bonney T. G.
Published: May 2009

More than one kind of rock, as we learn from Dr. H. Hicks and other writers, occurs in the conglomerate which forms a well-marked base to the Cambrian system at St. Davids. Sometimes the pebbles are mainly vein quartz, sometimes felstone predominates, but occasionally, as in the neighbourhood of Nun's Chapel Bay, quartzites (using the term rather generally) are not uncommon. At one place, not far from a quartz-felsite dyke, these are rather large, occasionally about a foot in diameter. From this locality, while spending a few days at St. Davids in 1882, I brought away specimens of three of the most marked varieties of quartzite, of which I had slices prepared, thinking that as examples of rocks which were probably far from modern at the beginning of the Cambrian age, their structures might be instructive.
III.—Glaciation of High Points in the Southern Interior of British Columbia
Authors: Dawson George M.
Published: May 2009

In an article published in the Geological Magazine for August, 1888, an outline was presented of some facts resulting from recent investigations on the glaciation of British Columbia and adjacent regions, bearing more particularly on the flow of ice in a northerly direction brought to light by explorations in the Yukon district, but touching also on the south-eastern extension of the great western glacier-mass of the continent, which I have proposed to name the Cordilleran glacier. Field-work carried out by me during the summer of 1888 has resulted in the accumulation of many new facts relating to the southern part of the area, which was at one time covered by the Cordilleran glacier, from which it would appear that it may ultimately be possible not only to trace the various stages in the recession of the main front of the great confluent glacier beneath which the interior or plateau region of British Columbia was buried, but even to follow the later stages of its decline as it became broken up into numerous local glaciers confined to the valleys of the several mountain ranges which limit the plateau.
I.—A Geologist of a Century Ago
Authors: Woodward Samuel
Published: May 2009

Geologists are so accustomed to deal with vast periods of time, that a century may be deemed by them as equivalent to the moment-measure of the dial, or the sand-grains of the hour-glass.
VI.—A Catalogue of British Fossil Vertebrata. Supplement for 1890
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith , Sherborn Charles Davies
Published: May 2009

In the Palæontology of the Vertebrata, so much progress is made in various directions in Britain, that it seems advisable to attempt to bring up to date the record of the subject prepared and published by the writers a year ago. The following list may thus be regarded as the first supplement to the work in question; and it is hoped, by the courtesy of the Editor, to issue such a list of additions annually in the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE.
V.–On the occurrence of a Blue Amphibole in a Hornblende Kersantite from Co. Down
Authors: Seymour Henry J.
Published: May 2009

In connection with the revision of the Silurian area in Ireland, at present in progress by the staff of the Irish branch of the Geological Survey, a number of rock-specimens of the dykes occurring on the coast of Co. Down were lately petrographically examined by the writer, who detected in one of the slices a blue amphibole of secondary origin. As a mineral of this kind was not hitherto known to occur in sitû in Ireland, it may be of interest to put its discovery on record here and to give also a few details respecting its characteristics.
VIII.—The Stability of the Land around Hudson Bay
Authors: Tyrrell J. B.
Published: May 2009

In a former number of this Magazine, and also in a Report published by the Geological Survey of Canada, I showed reasons for believing that while the land around Hudson Bay, in the northern part of Canada, had undoubtedly risen several hundred feet in Post-Glacial times, it has now reached a condition of stability similar to that of the land along the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on the eastern seaboard of Canada.
IV.—On some Minor British Earthquakes of the Years 1893–1899
Authors: Davison Charles
Published: May 2009

This slight, though not uninteresting, earthquake was of intensity 4, and occurred at about 12.30 p.m. I have 20 records from 19 places, and negative records from 2 places.
I.—Woodwardian Museum Notes: Salter's Undescribed Species. IX.
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

There are eight specimens (a 314) to which Salter gave this name. All are from the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley, and belong to the Fletcher Collection. Only one shows any part of the upper surface.
IV.—The Pyrenees at the last Geological Congress
Authors: Stuart-Menteath P. W.
Published: May 2009

In recently completing, in the valley of St. Girons, and with the cordial assistance of M. Caralp, a pedestrian exploration of the Pyrenees, of which the first results appeared in the Bull. Soc. Ramond of 1866, it occurred to me that my view of the recently published Compte Rendu and the Livret Guide of the Geological Congress might be useful to foreign geologists.
VI.—River Development
Authors: Buckman S. S.
Published: May 2009

In the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, May, 1902, vol. lviii, p. 207, Mr. A. Strahan has a paper on the “Origin of the River-System of South Wales, and its Connection with that of the Severn and Thames.” It is with the part of the paper expressed in the latter portion of the title that I am more particularly concerned; for in that connection Mr. Strahan remarks in a footnote (p. 219), “The theories put forward by Mr. S. S. Buckman in Proc. Cotteswold Nat. Field Club, vol. xiii (1900), p. 175, following the lead of Professor W. M. Davis, appear to me to transgress the limits of legitimate speculation.” It seems rather curious that in a paper like this there is no further reference to the work done by Professor Davis, no attempt to consider his views, only a dismissal of them, implied in the rejection of the views which I have advanced in accordance with his teaching, which views, by the way, I gave in more detail in Natural Science, April, 1899, vol. xiv.
VII.—Origin of the Crystalline Limestones of Ceylon
Authors: Coomáraswámy A. K.
Published: May 2009

It is generally supposed that the crystalline limestones which occur amongst the schists, associated with orthogneisses, in various parts of the world, are altered sedimentary limestones whose accessory minerals and crystalline structure have been developed by simple contact and dynamo-metamorphism; and no doubt many crystalline limestones are of sedimentary origin, and owe their peculiarities to these agencies. In other cases the peculiar mode of occurrence of such rocks or their manner of association with igneous rocks (orthogneisses or nepheline-syenites) has led to the suggestion of other theories.
III.—Brachiopod Morphology: Types of Folding in the Terebratulacea
Authors: Thomson J. Allan
Published: May 2009

In descriptions of Recent and Tertiary Terebratulids at least, the type of folding is often hardly mentioned, and is left to be inferred from the figure, in spite of the fact that Douvillé in 1879 showed that it might be even of generic importance. Buckman has more recently drawn attention once more to the importance of this character and has shown that its due consideration may lead to fruitful results in classification. The object of this paper is to point out further cases in which it has been neglected.
II.—Radio-activity and the Earth’s Thermal History
Authors: Holmes Arthur
Published: May 2009

So far, the source of the heat lost from the earth has been assigned only to the disintegration of the radio-active elements. Besides this, heat is liberated near the surface by the processes of weathering. The decomposition of one gram of average rock is accompanied by the generation of about 120 calories. Owing to its extreme slowness, this source of heat generation is of practically no importance except locally, where for a time it may succeed in appreciably steepening the temperature gradient. The heat liberated by weathering is probably balanced by the absorption of heat at greater depths, which is involved in the processes of metamorphism. Of much greater importance is the question whether the earth can still be regarded as possessing an ancient heritage of heat dependent on its origin.
IV.—The Work of Professor Lacroix on the Laterites of French Guinea
Authors: Fermor L. Leigh
Published: May 2009

All the phenomena hitherto noticed have been worked out for the case of rocks altered in situ, but they also take place in the products of transport resulting from the demolition of laterites in situ.
I.—Note on a Pliocene Vertebrate Fauna from the Wadi-Natrun, Egypt
Authors: Andrews C. W.
Published: May 2009

Among the collections received from the Egyptian Survey for determination is a number of vertebrate remains, chiefly mammalian, from the Wadi-Natrun, whence they were obtained by Captain Lyons, the Director-General of the Survey, and by Messrs. Beadnell and Blanckenhorn, members of his staff. Last year, on my return from Mogara with Mr. T. Barron, I was able to collect for a few hours on the hill called Gart-el-Moluk, from which most of these fossils were obtained, and found a few additional fragments. Finally, Dr. Studer, of the Berne Museum, has very kindly lent me the collection he received from the same locality, and has himself described in some detail.1 I believe, therefore, that a great part of the specimens from this locality are now in my hands. Unfortunately in most cases the remains are in a very fragmentary condition and little can be made of them, but there are a few well-preserved teeth and limb bones which indicate the existence of a fauna of considerable interest, and are sufficient to show that the locality will probably yield good results to a systematic search. At present the collections include remains of a small Hippopotamus, a Hipparion, a small pig-like animal, and various Antelopes. In the present note I propose to give a short account of the more important of these specimens.
III.—Woodwardian Museum Notes: Salter's Undescribed Species. III
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

There are six specimens of this variety in the Woodwardian Museum, all of which come from the Woolhope Limestone, of Littlehope, and were labelled by Salter. Five of them are more or less perfect head-shields, and the other is a pygidium in a good state of preservation.
V.—History of the Sarsens
Authors: Jones T. Rupert
Published: May 2009

II. (8) Kent.—1862. Mr. W. H. Bensted, in the Geologist, vol. v (1862), pp. 449, 450, states: “The Druid Sandstone, of which Kit's Coty House, Stonehenge, and many other Druidical remains are composed, is found scattered in great blocks over the surface of the Chalk Hills, or buried superficially in beds of clay retained in the hollows on the summits of the escarpments.” These stones, he added, are the same as the Greywethers of Berks and Wilts; and are occasionally pebbly, like the Hertfordshire Puddingstones.
V.—Oscillations in the Sea-level. (Part I.)
Authors: Pearson H. W.
Published: May 2009

When man first began the study of the earth's surface, he encountered at the very beginning, along the borders of the sea-coasts, on the lowland plains, and even on the hills, certain puzzling phenomena, difficult of explanation. These perplexing observations seemed to testify, by means of ancient raised beaches, fossil oyster and mussel shells, dessicated salt marshes, fragments of wrecks, and even by ancient anchors in the hills, that at some unknown time in the past the sea had “formerly been where the land now was.”
1.—On the Evidence of the Transference of Secondary Sexual Characters of Mammals from Males to Females
Authors: Major C. I. Forsyth
Published: May 2009

When Darwin stated in the first edition of the “Descent of Man,” “as probable that horns of all kinds, even when they are equally developed in the two sexes, were primarily acquired by the male in order to conquer other males, and have been transferred more or less completely to the female,” the “various facts” from which he drew this inference did not include any palæontological evidence. At the present day we are familiar with the notion that, as regards the deer family, the oldest members known, from the Oligocene, were absolutely devoid of antlers, and that the subsequent phylogenetic evolution of the latter has a close parallel in their ontogenetic development.
III.—Some Sections in the Cretaceous Rocks around Glynde, and their Fossil Contents
Authors: Johnson J. P.
Published: May 2009

In the memoir recently published by the Geological Survey on the Selbornian strata of England, no mention is made of an interesting section in the Gault near Glynde, which was certainly in existence up to 1898, when I last visited the district. The object of the present note is to put this section on record, together with some observations on two chalk quarries, from which I have at various times collected fossils.
III.—Review of the Evidence for the Animal Nature of Eozoön Canadense
Authors: Dawson William
Published: May 2009

In recent years I have been disposed to attach more importance than formerly to the general form and macroscopical characters of Eozoön. The earlier examples studied were, for the most part, imbedded in the limestone in such a manner as to give little definite information as to external form; and at a later date, when Sir William Logan employed one of his assistants, Mr. Lowe, to quarry large specimens at Grenville and Côte St. Pierre, the attempt was made to secure the most massive blocks possible, in order to provide large slabs for showing museum specimens. More recently, when collections have been made from the eroded and crumbling surfaces of the limestone in its wider exposures, it was found that specimens of moderate size had been weathered out, and could, either naturally or by treatment with acid, be entirely separated from the matrix. Such specimens sometimes showed, either on the surfaces or on the sides of cavities and tubes penetrating the mass, a confluence of the laminæ, constituting a porous cortex or limiting structure. Specimens of this kind were figured in 1888, and I was enabled to add to the characters of the species that the original and proper form was “broadly turbinate with a depression or cavity above, and occasionally with oscula or pits penetrating the mass.” The great flattened masses thus seemed to represent confluent or overgrown individuals, often contorted by the folding of the enclosing beds.
IV.—Zonal Divisions of the Carboniferous System
Authors: Garwood E. J. , Marr J. E.
Published: May 2009

One of us remarked last year in an article in Science Progress that “we may expect to find our Carboniferous deposits divisible into zones in a manner comparable with that which holds good among other … strata.” The same writer called attention to the fact that similar views had been expressed by Waagen (Salt Range Fossils, “Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 1891”), who considered that the Carboniferous fossils had not received the same attention as those of other rocks.
III.—Note on the Discovery of a very fine Example of Pleurotoma prisca, Solander, sp. (1766), at Barton, Hants
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

In one of his recent visits to the Natural History Museum, Major C. E. Beadnell kindly showed me a fine example of the well-known shell Pleurotoma prisca, which had been obtained some years ago by his son, Mr. Hugh J. L. Beadnell, F.G.S. (now of the Geological Survey of Egypt), when collecting specimens from the Barton Clay (Middle Eocene) in the historical cliffs at Barton, Hampshire, whence, prior to 1766, Gustavus Brander, F.R.S., made his famous collection, some of the specimens of which are still preserved in the British Museum (Natural History).
VIII.—Evidences of Ancient Glacier-dammed Lakes in the Cheviots
Authors: Kendall Percy F. , Muff Herbert B.
Published: May 2009

It is uncertain whether Cheviot itself was overridden by extraneous ice, but striæ on Thirl Moor and Baker Crag, recorded by the Geological Survey, probably indicate that that portion of the watershed was overridden by ice from the Tweed Valley, and Professor James Geikie mentions the occurrence of till and striated stones on the tops of the Cheviot Hills at 1,500 feet. The transport of erratics shows movement along both sides of the axis of the range from S.W. to N.E. at some stage of the glaciation. Across the northern end and for at least ten miles down the eastern side, however, a distribution of erratics from the Tweed Valley, together with other indications to be mentioned, points to an ice-flow veering round through easterly to a north to south direction. Our observations go to confirm the above conclusions with respect to the area north and east of Cheviot.
IX.—Note on the Volcanic Agglomerate of Forkill, Co. Armagh
Authors: Nolan Joseph
Published: May 2009

In a paper by Messrs. J. R. Kilroe and A. M'Henry, M.R.I.A., which appeared in vol. lvii of the Q.J.G.S., published last August. the following statement concerning the above rock is made: “In parts they [the rock masses] consist of brecciated slate or brecciated granite and felsite, the fragments being embedded in a scanty andesitic matrix.” Now this description is quite erroneous, the great and almost unique characteristic of the Forkill agglomerate being that the greater portion is made up of non-volcanic materials—in some places of granite pieces for the most part, in a groundmass of finely comminuted material of the same rock, and in others of Silurian slate fragments in a correspondingly derivative base. This I have described long ago in the official memoir to accompany Sheet 70 of the Geological Survey Map of Ireland, as also in the following papers: “On a Remarkable Volcanic Agglomerate near Dundalk” (J.R.G.S., Ireland, new series, vol. iv, pt. 4) and “On the Ancient Volcanic District of Slieve Gallion” (Geol. Mag., Dec. II, Vol. V, October, 1878).
VII.—The Canadian Rockies. Part I : On a Collection of Middle Cambrian Fossils obtained by Edward Whymper, Esq., F.R.G.S., from Mount Stephen, British Columbia
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

In the Summer of 1901 my friend Mr. Edward Whymper, the well-known traveller, mountain explorer, and writer, paid a visit to the watershed of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and during a stay at Field, the highest pass reached on the Canadian and Pacific Railroad, he examined the slopes of Mount Stephen, and at a height of 6,000 feet on its northern side found numerous Trilobites, and brought home a considerable collection.
III.—Notes on Royle's Types of Fossil Plants from India
Authors: Arber E. A. Newell
Published: May 2009

In his Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains, published in 1839, Royle figures several important fossil plants from the Burdwan Coalfield of India. These are of especial interest, not only as being the first mention of several of the best known fossil types from the Lower Gondwanas of India, but also as among the earliest descriptions of members of the Glossopteris flora.
IV.—On some Remains of a Gigantic Fossil Cirripede from the Tertiary Rocks of New Zealand
Authors: Benham W. Blaxland
Published: May 2009

In the course of conversation with Professor J. Park, the Director of our School of Mines. I first heard of the occurrence of a gigantic pedunculated Cirripede in certain Tertiary deposits on the east coast of the North Island of this colony. I then wrote to Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, the Curator of the Auckland Museum, in which some remains were exhibited: in answer to my request, Mr. Cheeseman very generously loaned me these remains, and the following notes are founded on them. I will here express my thanks to this gentleman for the readiness with which he has, in this and other instances, complied with my request for the loan of specimens out of his museum. But these few fragments do not represent all that is known of the animal; for I understand that abundant material, collected by Professor Park during his geological survey, is entombed in boxes in the Colonial Museum at Wellington, and Professor Thomas, of Auckland, also possesses, as he informs me, a fair supply of valves, collected by himself.

I have, however, not been able to examine either of these collections. And although the present contribution is very incomplete, yet I hope that it will stimulate the possessors of better material to supplement or correct my remarks; at any rate, it will serve to direct the attention of European geologists and zoologists to the existence in late geologic times of a Cirripede remarkable chiefly for its gigantic size, far surpassing any member of the group hitherto, known to science.