bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Facial Mask Use in COVID-19 Transmission Using a Bacterial Model
Authors: Tomiņa Katrīna , Kroiča Juta , Dovbenko Anastasija , Skadiņš Ingus
Published: March 2024

The prevention of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, involves reducing transmission of infectious respiratory droplets and aerosols with different methods, including the use of face masks. There have been a variety of studies published about the effectiveness of face masks — they have been recognised as an inexpensive yet expedient prevention method. In this research we aimed to investigate the microbial contamination of used face masks and to compare the results based on mask usage time to determine the efficiency of facial mask use against COVID-19. Microbiological contamination of 51 used face masks was analysed by the imprinting method on suitable cultivation agars and colony forming units were determined. The majority of microorganisms found in our study were those of normal human skin and respiratory tract microbiota. A greater number of bacterial species was found on the outsides of the facial masks, which furthermore increased with prolonged usage time. We conclude that face mask use is effective in both detaining excreted microorganisms as well as protecting the wearer from microbes in the air, and therefore, should be implemented in the prevention strategies of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, our results show the importance of correct facial mask usage by their contamination with a spectrum of microorganisms.
Case Reports on COVID-19 Outcomes During the Pandemic in Patients with Well-Managed HIV Infection in Latvia
Authors: Soha Alena , Ņesterenko Renata , Āziņa Inga , Rozentāle Baiba , Eglīte Jeļena
Published: March 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic with serious implications and open questions for all areas of medicine, including immunocompromised patients. In Latvia, as of the end of 2022, 229 new cases of HIV were registered, reflecting an incidence rate of 12.2 per 100,000 people. Despite the fact that immunocompromised patients are at risk of poor outcomes of COVID-19, there is currently no evidence that clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWH) differ from those in the general population, provided these patients have well-controlled immune status (CD4+ count > 200 and undetectable viral load). We report two cases of COVID-19, specifically the Delta variant, in male patients with well-controlled HIV infection who had received three vaccine doses against COVID 19. Both patients fully recovered within one week without complications, requiring no specific treatment. Considering the current published data and our observations, it can be assumed that the course of COVID-19 in vaccinated well-controlled HIV patients does not differ from the typical clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population. It is necessary to decrease vaccine hesitancy among PLWH, as COVID-19 vaccination is a crucial measure to safeguard this segment of the population against poor outcomes of COVID-19 such as hospitalisation, the risk of long-term health problems, severe disease, and death).
Etude and Optimization of MPPT Controllers in Photovoltaic Systems with Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Ghania Boukerche , Amar Omeiri , Hichem Merabet
Published: March 2024

Three different types of MPPT techniques will be studied and compared in this work. MPPT is a technology for maximizing the power produced by solar energy systems. Fuzzy logic-based control (FLC), one of the most widely utilized MPPT approaches, is examined, perturbation and monitoring (P&O), and plug-in (Inc). The power and effectiveness of a solar energy system with lead-acid batteries for storage, an energy management plan, and associated photovoltaics In order to confirm the benefit, FL-MPPT was examined in this study, and the performance of its algorithm was compared and evaluated. Using both techniques, P&O and Inc. Using Matlab/Simulink 2018-a tools, simulation results showed that the power quality was higher using MPPTFLC.
Identifying Efective Solutions for Monitoring Swimmers' Performances
Authors: Pica Aurel Ștefan , Bănescu Isabela Elena , Stoica Andrei-Alexandru
Published: March 2024

Given that people currently live in a digital age, and swimming is an internationally known sport, this paper aims to identify, analyze and compare several electronic devices built to monitor the performance of athletes who are involved in this type of competitions.
Power Control Energy of a Pumping System (Photovoltaic- Diesel)
Authors: Ksentini Abdelhamid , Hadef Zakaria , Bougheloum W , Azzag E-B , Maarouf S , Kebbache R
Published: March 2024

Future Algerian agricultural projects are oriented to the Sahara. Knowing that generally electrical energy is supplied largely by Generator Diesel (DGs). Due to the difficulty and lack of land roads for these desert areas, which creates fluctuations in the fuel supply process for farmers. In order to find a solution to mitigate this fluctuation requires the use of modern technology such as the hybridization of local renewable energy such as solar energy. Our system consists of the integration of a photogenerator (PVG) with a DG to feed a synchronous motor coupled to a central water pump controlled by means of transformers. This work presents an intelligent approach for improving and optimizing the control performance of a system using the Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. In this article, we will analyze a contribution to the use of a hybrid energy system (PVG-DG) according to a management strategy whose purpose is to reduce energy costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). Our simulation results presented at the end of the article have demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the Matlab simulated techniques system based on the actual geographic information of the study area to validate the performance of the proposed system. Which can be used in other practical studies in the future.
Compatibility between Agile Culture and Romanian Public Administration in the context of National Security Environment
Authors: Nicoară Gabriela-Florina
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, there is a legitimization of enhancing managerial processes in professional environment. Efficiently managing resources, processes, and practices is fundamental. Entrepreneurs and public institution managers are actively seeking innovative solutions to achieve organizational goals swiftly, utilizing fewer resources, and minimizing or eradicating human errors. Given the challenging security environment, this paper aims to ascertain whether the public administration can leverage the advantages of Agile Culture implementation within the organizational framework of Romanian Administration. This study embarks on a structured literature review focusing on three pivotal pillars: organizational culture, Agile Culture, and Romanian public administration. It scrutinizes the feasibility of implementing Agile Culture within the organizational landscape of the Romanian Public Sector, situated within an integrative framework delineated by the current security context.
Monitoring System Management for Organic Wheat Reception Base
Authors: Mesaros Diana , Duda Marcel , Moldovan Cristina , Muntean Sorin , Merca Nicu , Pop Marius
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to present monitoring system management using the AGILE SCRUM Methodology and microprocessors based systems for temperature monitorization of a grain reception base for organic wheat. In this article is presented the well-detailed proof of concept for a web-based temperature monitoring system, using Arduino and temperature sensors for temperature monitorization and AGILE SCRUM Methodology for software development management. In this way, the operators from grain reception base will be able to monitor the temperature from different halls, build from different materials, remotely.
Has the rise of post-pandemic digital labour fostered the crisis of global trade unionism? A brief analysis of the current trade union scenario
Authors: Backx van Buggenhout Gothardo
Published: March 2024

We assess the consequences of the advance of digital labour on trade union relations as the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus pandemic unfolds. The global response has accelerated the shift towards a stronger globalisation of work. As an issue that cuts across society, the evolution of technologies, especially with the advent of Artificial Intelligence, is challenging for traditional actors in the world of work who are used to working in a face-to- face format. This article, therefore, discusses the distinct possibilities for the revitalisation of trade unionism post-pandemic.
From battlefield to civilian emergency pre-hospital care practice: lessons of modern warfare. Part II: prehospital whole blood transfusion
Authors: Usov S. A.
Published: March 2024

The literature review is devoted to the analysis of the experience of prehospital whole blood transfusions (PHWBT) in combat casualties of XXI century military conflicts (Iraq, Afghanistan) and the results of the introduction of this experience into the practice of civil emergency pre-hospital care. Data from PubMed, Cochrane Library and other free Internet resources since 2001 to 2021 were analyzed. It has been established that PHWBT in traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) is a safe and promising method of care of massive blood loss. For a more objective assessment of the effectiveness of PHWBT in THS prospective multicenter studies are necessary.
Hybrid brain and myocardial revascularization: carotid reendarterectomy for restenosis + stenting of the left coronary artery
Authors: Kazantsev A. N. , Sirotkin A. A. , Palagin P. D. , Mukhtorov О. Sh. , Lebedev О. V. , Chernikova I. V. , Korotkikh А. V. , Unguryan V. M.
Published: March 2024

A clinical case of hybrid revascularization of the brain and myocardium was demonstrated in the volume: percutaneous coronary intervention of the left coronary artery by the method of Culote and carotid reendarterectomy using a temporary shunt. This surgical intervention was accompanied by a high level of complexity. The implementation of this method of treatment allowed to prevent the development of severe complications of the brain and myocardium.
The use of endovascular hemostasis to prevent recurrence of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding in an emergency hospital
Authors: Parfenov A. O. , Verbitsky V. G. , Demko A. E. , Kiselev M. A. , Kandyba D. V. , Platonov S. A.
Published: March 2024

According to the Department of ambulance organization of the I. I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Joint Venture in the structure of the “acute abdomen” UGDB takes 4th place in 2021. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an alternative to palliative surgical interventions when conservative treatment of ulcerative bleeding using endoscopic hemostasis methods is ineffective, especially in patients with a high risk of surgery and an unfavorable outcome. The aim of the work is to evaluate its role in improving the results of treatment of patients with UGDB who underwent TAE in an ambulance hospital in order to prevent recurrence of bleeding, to assess its role in improving the results of treatment of this category of patients. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of treatment of 30 patients with UGDB who were on inpatient treatment at the I. I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of SP from 2018 to 2021, the use of TAE is an alternative to open palliative surgery. As a result of the conducted examination, it was found that the use of endovascular hemostasis in order to prevent recurrence of bleeding in a group of somatically severe patients with UGDB is advisable.
Retrospective analysis of acute abdominal surgical diseases during the COVID­19 pandemic
Authors: Buribayev D. G. , Tulyaganov D. B. , Anvarov K. E. , Kurbanov A. O. , Djamaldinova R. K.
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to improve the treatment results of acute abdominal surgical diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The object of the study was 200 patients who were randomized into 2 groups. The present study was retrospective, based on the analysis of the medical histories of patients hospitalized with clinical manifestations of acute abdominal pathology developed against the background of COVID-19. The present study was retrospective, based on the analysis of the medical histories of patients hospitalized with clinical manifestations of acute abdominal pathology developed against the background of COVID-19. Results. Cardiovascular and endocrinological background conditions were significantly less frequently recorded in the main group of patients. Perhaps the reason for this was that at the height of the pandemic, due to the excessive burden on the healthcare system, doctors did not pay enough attention to the presence of background conditions whuch could complicate the course of the main pathology. Patients in the comparison group were recruited in the post-pandemic period, when the functioning of the health system was normalized. Conclusion. The new SARS-CoV-2 virus will eventually line up with existing viruses and will periodically lead to COVID-19 outbreaks. A thorough analysis of acute abdominal surgical diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to the correct tactics of surgical treatment with background and concomitant pathology. In this regard, the optimal planning of preventive and therapeutic measures requires the establishment of accurate diagnostics.
On the issue of the development and revision of clinical guidelines and standards of emergency medical care
Authors: Miroshnichenko A. G. , Minnullin I. P. , Makhnovskiy A. I. , Motkin M. A.
Published: March 2024

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has approved 74 standards of emergency medical care and approved 409 clinical guidelines. The purpose of the study is to analyze the compliance of the nosological structure of approved standards and clinical guidelines with the actual structure of calls. Materials and methods: the nosological structure of 66948 emergency medical calls of the St. Petersburg State Medical Institution ≪Ambulance Station № 4≫ of the Pushkin relief district for 2023 was analyzed. The diagnoses of the visiting ambulance teams were formalized in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases ICD‑10. The patients were divided into three age groups: group 1 — adults, group 2 — children from 1 to18 years old, group 3 — children under 1 year old. Results. Standards of emergency medical care have not been approved for diagnoses of diseases (conditions) established in 42.8% of cases (group 1 — 43.7%, group 2 — 73.2%, group 3 — 85.4%); clinical guidelines have not been approved for diagnoses of diseases(conditions) established in 29.4% of cases (group 1 — 25.6%, group 2 — 24.0%, group 3 — 21.8%). At the same time, it should be noted that most of the clinical guidelines are not applicable or are only limited in the provision of emergency medical care outside a medical organization, since they were developed without the involvement of appropriate specialists. Conclusion: it is advisable to develop (revise) clinical guidelines and standards of emergency medical care for the most relevant groups of diseases (conditions) and include abstracts-guidelines for emergency medical care in all developed (revised) clinical guidelines.
Comparative clinical trials of tourniquets and elastic bandages for emergency hemostasis at the pre-hospital stage
Authors: Golovko K. P. , Nosov A. M. , Demchenko K. N. , Girnova N. A. , Turin I. R. , Nevsky K. D. , Cheprakova V. A.
Published: March 2024

Рurpose of the research: to evaluate an effectiveness of use of two different construction types of tourniquets (belt type/elastic band/bandage and tourniquet) for extremities arterial haemostasis on volunteers. Research  problem: to  complete  comparative  research  of  the  tourniquets  and  elastic  bandages  in  the  research on volunteers; to evaluate the effectiveness of tourniquets for arterial haemorrhage on extremities; to compare an effect of use of tourniquets and elastic bandages; to evaluate the possibility of the treatment of prolonged external haemorrhage by an ambulance.  Materials and methods: the research has been held on 20   volunteers. The following items were the research objects: tourniquet ЖК‑01; ЖК‑02  designed by Medplant and haemostatic elastic bandage with the loop fastening “Alfa”. The research included 2  stages: use of the items on summertime and wintertime military uniform of participating volunteers. The items were used on upper and lower extremities as a  self‑help and as mutual assistance. Studied parameters: time of application, effectiveness of haemostasis, ergonomic characteristics, the level of discomfort in the place of application of the researched items.  Results: the research results demonstrate that both items‑elastic bandage and the tourniquets effectively stop external arterial haemorrhage. Tourniquets ЖК‑01  and  ЖК‑02  and elastic bandage Alfa have been found to decrease their effectiveness when applied to the wintertime military uniform, which is explained by the presence of extra layers of fabric. Tourniquets ЖК‑01  and  02  allow to level down the discomfort in the place of application in comparison with the bandage Alfa. The benefit of usage of tourniquet type of bandage is that controlled compression may be applied that enables to control the haemorrhage during evacuation and in the hospital.  Conclusion: tourniquets ЖК‑01  and  ЖК‑02  by Medplant are promising tools to be used in injured and wounded patients by ambulance services.
Balancing Russia's finances
Authors: SMIRNOV Valerii V.
Published: March 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues of balancing Russian finances.
Objectives. The article aims to identify tools for balancing Russian finances.
Methods. For the study, I used a systems approach based on a statistical analysis.
Results. The article describes the main tools for balancing Russian finances. It also identifies additional tools for balancing Russia's finances.
Conclusions. The main instruments for balancing Russian finances are the monetary base, debt securities and the key interest rate of the Bank of Russia, and listed shares of Russian issuers are an additional instrument. These tools show the Government of the Russian Federation the possibilities for the development of the Russian economy.
Deep L1 Stochastic Optimal Control Policies for Planetary Soft Landing
Authors: Pereira Marcus Aloysius , Duarte Camilo A. , Theodorou Evangelos A. , Exarchos Ioannis
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a novel deep-learning-based solution is introduced to the Powered Descent Guidance problem, grounded in principles of nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC) and Feynman–Kac theory. Our algorithm solves the problem by framing it as an [Formula: see text]-SOC problem for minimum fuel consumption. Additionally, it can handle practically useful control constraints and nonlinear dynamics and enforces state constraints as soft constraints. This is achieved by building off of recent work on deep forward-backward stochastic differential equations and differentiable neural-network layers for nonconvex optimization based on stochastic search. In contrast to previous approaches, our algorithm does not require convexification of the constraints or linearization of the dynamics and is empirically shown to be robust to stochastic disturbances and the initial conditions of the spacecraft. After training offline, our control policy can be activated once the spacecraft is within a prespecified radius of the landing zone and at a prespecified altitude, in other words, the base of an inverted cone with the tip at the landing zone. We demonstrate empirically that our controller can successfully and safely land all trajectories initialized in the vicinity of the base of this cone as well as with randomization in the starting velocities and spacecraft mass while minimizing fuel consumption.
Study of Two-Fluid Effects in Weakly Ionized Plasma Under Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Hou Yuhang , Feng Yongliang , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: March 2024

The multifluid effects caused by the relative motion and interaction between plasma components have a significant effect on electromagnetohydrodynamic wave propagation and the related mass and energy transport of flows. In this work, the charged particle (ion and electron)–neutral two-fluid model is analyzed and employed to study the two-fluid effects (e.g., velocity drift and thermodynamic nonequilibrium between plasma components) of the weakly ionized plasma flows under the electromagnetic fields. In a hypersonic [Formula: see text] crossed-field configuration acceleration problem, the increased electromagnetic field strength significantly enhances the two-fluid effects. When the load factor equals 3, which measures the strength of the electrode voltage and induced electromotive force, the relative velocity difference between the charged particles and neutrals can reach 28%. The influences of two-fluid effects appreciably increase with the Mach number and Knudsen number but decrease with the degree of ionization. This suggests that, as the vehicle speed and altitude increase, the two-fluid effects become more significant.
Adjoint Design Optimization Under the Uncertainty Quantification of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Turbulence Model
Authors: Li Anna , Wang Tongsheng , Chen Jianan , Huang Zhu , Xi Guang
Published: March 2024

Considering the structural uncertainties of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, a design optimization method under eigenspace perturbations of the RANS model has been proposed for aerodynamic applications. Optimized geometries with confidence intervals with improved performance have been obtained for U-pipe, Busemann airfoil, and supersonic separator. The perturbations are injected into the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of turbulence anisotropic tensors nonuniformly and adaptively; thus, the uncertainty interval of the RANS model is obtained by six simulations. The adjoint method is employed to perform single-objective optimization on three physical models based on uncertainty quantification. The geometric profiles before and after optimization are presented, and the area surrounded by different profiles reflects the differences in geometric optimization caused by the uncertainty of the model form. Shape optimization within the confidence interval achieves enhanced performance with robust improvements, reducing the sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. Design optimization under the framework of uncertainty quantification may have great practicability as an engineering application tool.
PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP KUALITAS LABA (Suatu Studi Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019)
Authors: Puspitasari Endah , Usmar Dani , Faris Rudiana Irfan
Published: March 2024

Pemahaman mengenai bagaimana menyusun suatu mekanisme tata kelola yang baik dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas laba yang dilaporkan sangatlah penting. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh komisaris independen terhadap kualitas laba pada perusahaan pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019, 2) Pengaruh kepemilikan institusional terhadap kualitas laba pada perusahaan pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019, 3) Besarnya pengaruh  komisaris independen dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap kualitas laba pada perusahaan pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Subsektor Pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebanyak 42 perusahaan. Berdasarkan proses penentuan sampel terdapat 13 perusahaan Subsektor Pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang memenuhi kriteria sampel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskripstif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh digunakan Analisis Koefisien Korelasi, Analisis Regresi Ganda, Analisis Koefisien Determinasi, dan Uji Hipotesis menggunakan Uji Signifikansi (Uji t), dan Uji Hipotesis menggunakan Uji Signifikansi (Uji F).

Hasil dari penelitian dan pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa 1) Komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas laba dengan memperoleh nilai signifikan (-0,706 < 2,201), 2) Kepemilikan institusional b erpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas laba dengan memperoleh nilai signifikan (-0,076 < 2,201), 3) Komisaris independen dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas laba dengan memperoleh nilai signifikan (0,23 < 3,02). Bagi perusahaan diharapkan kurangi melakukan pengangkatan dewan komisaris yang didasarkan pada hubungan dekat dan hubungan keluarga (relasi) serta tidak melakukan manipulasi terhadap laporan keuangan.
MENGURANGI CACAT PRODUK AYAM FRESH DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE SIX SIGMA (STUDI KASUS RPA AMANAH DI DESA BAREGBEG)
Authors: Kurnia Yusup , Kusuma Ningrat Nugraha
Published: March 2024

Kualitas perusahaan harus di tingkatkan agar keberlangsungan Perusahaan terus bertahan, dapat dilakukan sampai kerusakan produk mencapai tahap nol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah unrtuk mengatasi cacat yang menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode metode six sigma yang terbagi beberapa tahapan, di mulai dari define, measure, analyze, improve dan control. Dalam proses penelitian ini hasil yang diterima berdasarkan jumlah sampel selama 20 hari yaitu 6.000, diketahui ayam broiler yang cacat sebanyak 2.101  dengan rincian kepala ayam memar, sayap ayam patah, bagian badan ayam memar, bulu kurang bersih. penghapusan, dan mengambil bagian internal. tidak cukup bersih. Sedangkan pengukuran kinerja perusahaan berada pada taraf Sigma 3,93 dengan menggunakan nilai DMPO sebesar 7.503 yang artinya dalam 1 juta potong ayam masih terdapat 7.503 ekor ayam yang cacat. Dari diagram Pareto diketahui bahwa 80% penyebab cacat adalah sayap ayam yang patah dan bagian tubuh ayam yang memar. Kemudian berdasarkan diagram karena dampak diketahui bahwa faktor sumber daya manusia merupakan penyebab utama berdasarkan cacat pada sayap ayam patah & bagian tubuh ayam memar, oleh karena itu berdasarkan output penelitian ini perusahaan perlu meningkatkan kualitas dengan cara menjadi lebih disiplin terhadap standar operasional sumber daya manusia dan melakukan pemantauan serta evaluasi kinerja karyawan.
Development and analysis of multi-criteria methods for assessing competencies in non-linguistic universities
Authors: Мохова О.Л. , Гаврилова Е.А. , Тростина К.В. , Калашникова Н.А.
Published: March 2024

В современной нефтегазовой индустрии актуализируется необходимость подготовки кадров с комплексным набором профессиональных и трансдисциплинарных компетенций. Проблематика оценки эффективности образовательных программ в вузах, ориентированных на подготовку специалистов для нефтегазовой отрасли, приобретает особую релевантность. Настоящая статья фокусируется на разработке и анализе многокритериальных методов оценки компетенций студентов в нефтегазовых вузах Российской Федерации. Рассматривается применение комбинированных методологических подходов, включая машинное обучение, методы многомерной статистики и экономико-математическое моделирование. Осуществлен критический обзор существующих практик, выделены их недостатки и предложены новаторские решения. Эмпирическая база исследования представлена данными из 37 нефтегазовых вузов России, собранными в период с 2018 по 2021 годы. Используя методологию многокритериального анализа, авторы предлагают модель, которая учитывает 12 ключевых компетенций и 7 контекстуальных переменных. Одним из важных аспектов, требующих аналитического осмысления, является выбор метрик для оценки компетенций. В различных вузах применяются инструменты, сосредоточенные на измерении одного или нескольких аспектов (например, знаний, навыков, способностей). Напротив, в данном исследовании предложена интегрированная методология, базирующаяся на комбинировании методов многомерной статистики и алгоритмов машинного обучения.

In the modern oil and gas industry, the need for training personnel with a comprehensive set of professional and transdisciplinary competencies is being actualized. The problems of evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs at universities focused on training specialists for the oil and gas industry are becoming particularly relevant. This article focuses on the development and analysis of multi-criteria methods for assessing students' competencies in oil and gas universities of the Russian Federation. The application of combined methodological approaches, including machine learning, methods of multidimensional statistics and economic and mathematical modeling, is considered. A critical review of existing practices was carried out, their shortcomings were highlighted and innovative solutions were proposed. The empirical base of the study is represented by data from 37 oil and gas universities in Russia, collected in the period from 2018 to 2021. Using the methodology of multi-criteria analysis, the authors propose a model that takes into account 12 key competencies and 7 contextual variables. One of the important aspects that require analytical thinking is the choice of metrics for assessing competencies. Various universities use tools focused on measuring one or more aspects (for example, knowledge, skills, abilities). On the contrary, this study proposes an integrated methodology based on a combination of methods of multidimensional statistics and machine learning algorithms.
The English language in India: Education system and national identity
Authors: Волков Ю.А. , Пашковская Н.Д. , Савельева М.Н. , Фомичева Д.А.
Published: March 2024

В статье рассматриваются языковая ситуация в современной Индии, после обретения независимости. Один из вопросов заключается в том, приведет ли дальнейшее сохранение английского языка в качестве официального в стране, особенно в государственном администрировании, в бизнесе, в сфере образования и науки к ослаблению положения хинди и других индийских языков, создает ли это угрозу национальной идентичности Индии или наоборот способствует еще большему сплочению индийцев в единую нацию на базе единого и нейтрального для всех языка в стране претендующей на статус одной из мировых держав. Автором проанализирован целый ряд аспектов, оказывающих влияние на статус и функционирование языка в современных условиях. На основе представленных здесь фактов автор обосновывает возможность, неизбежность и целесообразность сохранения за английским языком своих позиций и даже их укреплений с учетом статуса английского в мировых масштабах. Поскольку английский является основным языком в международных отношениях, науке, образовании, в национальном администрировании и в национальных компаниях, количество так называемых индо-англичан будет продолжать увеличиваться. Но, с другой стороны, у Индии увеличиваются шансы стать единой страной, при множестве языков и своих национальных героях и кумирах в каждом штатов настоящий момент трудно говорить о по-настоящему единой стране.

The article examines the linguistic situation in modern India after independence. One of the questions is whether the continued preservation of English as the official language in the country, especially in public administration, business, education and science, will weaken the position of Hindi and other Indian languages, whether this poses a threat to India's national identity or, conversely, contributes to even greater cohesion of Indians into a single nation based on a single and neutral language for all in a country claiming the status of one of the world powers. The author analyzes a number of aspects that influence the status and functioning of the language in modern conditions. Based on the facts presented here, the author substantiates the possibility, inevitability and expediency of preserving the English language's positions and even strengthening them, taking into account the status of English on a global scale. Since English is the main language in international relations, science, education, national administration and national companies, the number of so-called Indo-English will continue to increase. But, on the other hand, India's chances of becoming a single country are increasing, with many languages and its national heroes and idols in each state, it is currently difficult to talk about a truly united country.
One unconditionally stable CABARET class scheme for shallow water equations
Authors: Соловьев А.В. , Асфандияров Д.Г.
Published: March 2024

В работе рассматривается новый подход к построению неявных безусловно устойчивых схем в рамках балансно-характеристической методики КАБАРЕ применительно к системе уравнений мелкой воды. Метод основан на идее инверсии координатных осей в явной схеме КАБАРЕ для преодоления ограничения на шаг по времени. Система уравнений является нелинейной, так как в уравнения включены минмаксные операции лимитирования на основе принципа максимума для локальных инвариантов Римана. Такое лимитирование существенно улучшает дисперсионные свойства схемы. Нелинейная система уравнений решается методом бегущего счета. В работе представлен вывод схемы для числа Куранта–Фридрихса–Леви CFL ≤ 1 и CFL > 1. Приведены тестовые расчеты на примерах простейшего уравнения переноса и одномерных задачах мелкой воды для дозвукового случая. Сделаны выводы о влиянии нелинейной коррекции потоков на решение для данной схемы.

The paper considers a new approach to the construction of implicit unconditionally stable schemes within the framework of the CABARET balance-characteristic technique in relation to the system of shallow water equations. The method is based on the idea of inverting coordinate axes in the CABARET scheme to overcome the time step limitation. The system of equations is nonlinear, since the equations include minmax limiting operations based on the maximum principle for local Riemann invariants. This limitation significantly improves the dispersion properties of the numerical scheme. The nonlinear system of equations is solved using the marching order method. The paper presents the derivation of the numerical scheme for the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number CFL ≤ 1 and CFL > 1. Test calculations are presented on the simplest transport equation and one-dimensional shallow water problems for the subsonic case. Conclusions are drawn about the influence of nonlinear flux correction on the solution.
Domain Orientation and Molecular Ordering in Thin Films of Small Molecule Donor for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Patil Nilesh , Watts Benjamin , Michels Leander , Claessens Raf , Kleiven David , Skjønsfjell Eirik Torbjørn Bakken , Van den Brande Niko , Van Mele Bruno , Breiby Dag Werner
Published: March 2024

The relationship between the nanomorphology and the charge transport characteristics in solution-processed organic thin films has been the focus of extensive research, as it is key to the further advancement of organic photovoltaics. Understanding the nanostructured domains and their dependence on the applied thermal annealing conditions is one crucial challenge. Here, the conjugated small-molecule donor p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 is used as a model system to demonstrate how isothermal annealing alone, without addition of any processable additives during solution casting, leads to a high ordering of domain structures. Using scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy (STXM), the domain structures are probed at the resonance energy of 284.7 eV corresponding to the C1s to Pi* transition. The STXM data analysis reveals the in-plane orientation of the conjugated backbone comprising the heterocyclic aromatic compounds dithienosilole (DTS), bithiophene (BT), and fluorobenzothiadiazole (FBT). The analysis further exhibits the presence of ordered domains accompanied by the disordered boundaries in thin films where the increase in the domain sizes and the high degree of molecular order (anisotropy) is associated to the relatively slow crystallization dynamics of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 molecules during isothermal annealing at 90 °C. The analysis of the out-of-plane component of the directed resonance intensity shows deviations in the local out-of-plane tilt angles to the lower values, for the most ordered regions in the thin film, suggesting the more out-of-plane orientation of Pi* resonance. These results manifest a promising role of STXM technique in enhancing the knowledge of domain structures in small molecule organic semiconductors.
Photophysical properties of donor(D)-acceptor(A)-donor(D) diketopyrrolopyrrole (A) systems as donors for applications to organic electronic devices
Authors: Rosa Nathalia , Borges Jr Itamar
Published: March 2024

Fourteen substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecules in a donor (D)-acceptor (DPP)-donor (D) arrangement were designed. We employed density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT and the ab initio wave function second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) methods to investigate theoretically these systems. The aromatic substituents have one, two or three hetero- and non-hetero rings. We comprehensively investigated their optical, electronic and charge transport properties to evaluate potential applications in organic electronic devices. We found that the substituents based on one, two or three aromatic rings bonded to the DPP core functioning as a donor can improve the efficiency of an organic solar cell by fine-tuning the HOMO/LUMO levels to match acceptors in a bulk heterojunctions with PC61BM and the non-fullerene small-molecule ITIC (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4 hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]-dithiophene) acceptors. Several properties of interest for organic photovoltaic devices were computed. We show that the investigated molecules are promising for applications as donor materials when combined with typical acceptors in bulk heterojunctions because they have appreciable energy conversion efficiencies resulting from their low ionization potentials and high electronic affinities. This scenario allows a more effective charge separation and reduces the recombination rates. A comprehensive charge transfer analysis shows that the D – A (DDP) – D systems have significant intramolecular charge transfer, further confirming their promise as candidates for donor materials in solar cells. The significant photophysical properties of DPP derivatives, including the computed high quantum yields of fluorescence emission, also allow these materials to be used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
How Surface Defects Shape the Excitons and Photoluminescence of Ultrasmall CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Steenbock Torben , Drescher Emilia , Dittmann Tobias , Bester Gabriel
Published: March 2024

Ultrasmall CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with diameters up to 2 nm show broad photoluminescence (PL) spectra presumably due to emission from band-edge excitons and defect states. However, the origin of the defect emission and the effect of defects on the band-edge excitons is not fully understood. Based on spin-orbit density functional theory and screened configuration interaction singles and in comparison with previous PL measurements, we show that two different kinds of defects, Cd-dimer and Se defects, are likely to contribute to the defect PL. Further, we observe that these defects lead to a localization of the molecular orbitals (MOs) involved in the band-edge excitons creating large electric dipoles in the MOs. In the excitonic states, these dipoles cause multiexponential PL decay from the band-edge states with a highly anisotropic polarization of the emission. The polarization is found to be very sensitive with respect to the exact composition of the surface.
Atroposelective Synthesis of N-Aryl Phthalimides and Maleimides via NHC-Catalyzed Activation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Barik Soumen , Ranganathappa Sowmya Shree , Biju A T
Published: March 2024

Traditionally, N-aryl phthalimides are synthesized by the condensation of phthalic anhydride and aniline derivatives, usually proceeding under harsh conditions. The alternative mild and organocatalytic strategies for their synthesis are underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate the first organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of N-aryl phthalimides via the traditional N-CC=O disconnection under mild conditions. The in-situ acid activation of phthalamic acid and subsequent N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective amidation allowed the synthesis of well-decorated N-aryl phthalimides in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies reveal the addition of NHC to the in situ generated isoimides, thus introducing a new mode of generating acylazoliums. Interestingly, both enantiomers of the product can be accessed from the same phthalic anhydride and aniline using the same NHC pre-catalyst. Moreover, this strategy has been extended to the atroposelective synthesis of N-aryl maleimides.
Elucidating Heavy Atom Tunneling Kinetics
Authors: Angiolari Federica , Mandelli Giacomo , Huppert Simon , Aieta Chiara , Spezia Riccardo
Published: March 2024

In this work, we characterize the temperature dependence of kinetic properties in heavy atom tunneling reactions by means of molecular dynamics simulations, including nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) via Path Integral theory. To this end, we consider the prototypical Cope rearrangement of semibullvalene. The reaction was studied in the 25--300~K temperature range observing that the inclusion of NQEs modifies the temperature behavior of both free energy barriers and dynamical recrossing factors with respect to classical dynamics. Notably, while in classical simulations the activation free energy shows a very weak temperature dependence, it becomes strongly dependent on temperature when NQEs are included. This temperature behavior shows a transition from a regime where the quantum effects are limited and can mainly be traced back to zero point energy, to a low temperature regime where tunneling plays a dominant role. In this regime, the free energy curve literally tunnels below the potential energy barrier along the reaction coordinate, allowing much faster reaction rates. Finally, the temperature dependence of the rate constants obtained from molecular dynamics simulations was compared with available experimental data and with semi-classical transition state theory calculations, showing comparable behaviors and similar transition temperatures from thermal to (deep) tunneling regime.
An Evaluation of Force Field Accuracy for the Mini-Protein Chignolin using Markov State Models
Authors: Marshall Tim , Raddi Robert , Voelz Vincent
Published: March 2024

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can provide detailed insight into a molecule's conformational ensemble in solution. While molecular force fields are parameterized to accurately model a protein's potential energy surface, it remains challenging in practice to evaluate how well force fields can capture ensemble-averaged experimental observables, since it requires simulation of the complete folding landscape. In this work, we employ massively parallel molecular simulations, performed using the Folding@home distributed computing platform, to investigate the ability of nine force fields (AMBER14SB, AMBER99, AMBER99SB, AMBER99SB-ildn, AMBER99SBnmr1-ildn, CHARMM22*, CHARMM27, CHARMM36 and OPLS-aa) with TIP3P explicit solvent to accurately reproduce experimental observables for chignolin, a beta-hairpin mini-protein with an experimental folding time of ~600 ns. From over 200 µs of aggregate trajectory data, we constructed Markov state models (MSMs) to obtain estimates of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of chignolin in each force field. Quantitative assessment of the force fields was performed by comparing predicted and experimental folded populations, and the statistical agreement between predicted and experimental solution-state NMR observables. This work highlights the utility of MSM approaches for force field evaluation, and provides a baseline for future studies using Bayesian inference methods to evaluate and parameterize force fields.
Implikasi Metafisik dan Epistemologis Mobilitas Virtual di Dunia yang Semakin Termediasi
Authors: Ageza Gorivana , Tedjoworo Hadrianus
Published: March 2024

Humans created screen in the rapid development of technology, and its existence has fundamentally influenced people’s daily lives. One of the things most affected is human understanding of space and time. This article elaborates Anne Friedberg’s ideas in correlation with the views of other thinkers, especially regarding the metaphysical and epistemological impacts of screen to humans’ relation to reality since the pandemic. The metaphysical aspect of the screen concerns the materiality and immateriality of the screen, as well as how the concept of presence is understood in this context. Meanwhile, the epistemological aspect of the screen focuses on issues of perception and how humans understand the world. The metaphysical and epistemological implications of virtual mobility in a world increasingly mediated by 'screens' give rise to several different perspectives that can question the Carthusian and dualistic conceptual framework of reality. Just as plurality is a fact, the mediated world is also a fact. Correcting the metaphysical ‘tradition’ that has been recognised as the most determining rationality will not be an easy effort. In the discourse of science and certainty regarding the existence of reality, perhaps it is not the literal or symbolic screen that must be reinterpreted, but the human perspective itself. A person's point of view cannot be judged as wrong or right, apart from being recognised and respected as an element that forms the very rich reality. Recognising a multi-perspective reality will perhaps mark a return to amazement in the realms of science, philosophy, and life.
Inspirasi Teologis Komunitas Kristiani dan Interpretasinya oleh Gereja Mahasiswa (GEMA) Bandung
Authors: Pratama Dominius Kristian , Tedjoworo Hadrianus
Published: March 2024

A community is a collection of individuals who are related to one another and are aware of their membership. Relationships among the community members are based on shared beliefs, goals, activities, or interests. This article traces the development of ideas about Christian community in the Scriptures, in the views of the Church fathers, theologians, and in the Church documents. Inspiration from the Scriptures is used to find the Christian vision of a community that can shape the evangelisation. The views of the Church fathers and of the later theologians are selected to provide an overview of the development of ideas about Christian communities that are more connected with the actual life of the faithful, especially the young generation. Pope Francis’ Postsynodal Apostolic Exhortation Christus Vivit (2019) is referred to in order to provide a picture of a Christian community that is more suited to the young people. Finally, the development of ideas about a Christian community will be correlated with the actual experiences of Catholic students at “Student Church” (Gema) in the Bandung Diocese, Indonesia. From this correlation, theological inspirations on the aspects of the Christian communities are further (re)interpreted from time to time by the moderator priests of Gema and are contextualised and lived in everydayness by the young Catholics studying in the city of Bandung.
Analisis Proses Kreatif Film Laskar Pelangi dan Efek Multiplier Pada Pariwisata Provinsi Bangka Belitung
Authors: Mikha Boediarto Yohanes
Published: March 2024

Film Induced Tourism adalah pendekatan pembuatan film yang menghubungkan proses kreatif dengan aspek keindahan alam/obyek wisata. Salah satu film yang menerapkan konsep ini adalah film Laskar Pelangi (2008). Penelitian ini ingin menganalisis proses kreatif pembuatan film Laskar Pelangi (2008) dan dampak gandanya terhadap perekonomian khususnya sektor pariwisata di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi deskriptif dan literatur berdasarkan rantai nilai dalam industri kreatif, pariwisata yang diinduksi film dan teori efek pengganda. Hasil kajian menjelaskan bahwa dengan proses kreatif yang menggabungkan input place, personality & performance, sebuah film dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap sektor pariwisata dan memberikan multiplier effect terhadap aspek ekonomi lainnya.