bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Optimized Prophet Model
Authors: Yin Yuheng , Wang Chenglong , Lu Hongwei
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to optimize the Prophet model by combining the improved sparrow search algorithm. Firstly, the original Prophet model is theoretically analyzed and regression fitted in a realistic data set to verify the feasibility of the model for lithium-ion battery RUL prediction. Secondly, the parameters of the Prophet model are optimized by using the modified sparrow search algorithm to enhance its prediction accuracy. The simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper provides better performance in lithium-ion battery RUL prediction and outperforms the methods involved in this paper for comparison in terms of prediction accuracy.
A southern, middle, and northern Norwegian offshore wind energy resources analysis by a transfer learning method for Energy Internet
Authors: Chen Hao , Birkelund Yngve , Ricaud Benjamin , Zhang Qixia
Published: December 2023

As renewable energy sources offshore wind energy develop quickly, countries like Norway with long coastlines are exploring their potential. However, the diverse wind resources across different regions of Norway present challenges for study for effective utilization of offshore wind energy. This study proposes a novel method that utilizes transfer learning techniques to analyse the resource differences between these areas for optimum energy generation. The suggested approach is tested using real-world wind data from Norway’s southern, middle, and northern regions. The results show that transfer learning successfully bridges resource discrimination, boosting wind resource prediction precision in the target domains. The work can contribute to optimizing offshore wind energy utilization in Norway by addressing the resource disparities and forecasting between the different regions.
SOC Balance Control Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage System in DC Microgrid
Authors: Wu Chenjin , Wu Chenghao , Zou Jianlong , Yan Luyang
Published: December 2023

By integrating a distributed energy storage system (ESS), a standalone DC microgrid can maintain power balance and voltage stability between distributed energy sources and loads. However, without establishing the relationship between the output power of the distributed energy storage units and their state of charge (SOC), inconsistent SOC among the storage units can occur. This inconsistency can lead to issues such as overcharging and over-discharging, significantly impacting the ESS lifespan. To address this, the paper proposes a SOC droop control scheme utilizing the arctangent function to rapidly achieve SOC balancing of the energy storage units. During the SOC balancing process, as the SOC difference between units decreases, the balancing speed also decreases. To overcome this, a variable acceleration factor is introduced in the arctangent function SOC droop control strategy. This can ensure a progressive increment in the acceleration factor as the SOC gap between energy storage units diminishes. In addition, the integration of DC bus voltage compensation control effectively mitigates voltage deviations within the bus. Finally, the paper presents and simulates a variable acceleration factor-based arctangent function SOC droop control. It demonstrates its effectiveness in achieving SOC balance and maintaining stable bus voltage during charging and discharging scenarios in distributed energy storage systems.
Scheduling optimization of IES based on improved particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Shi Leiming , Chen Shunyi , Sun Boyang , Zheng Yingxia , Gao Jun , Xu Zhichao , Wang Dabiao , An Qingsong
Published: December 2023

The integrated energy system (IES) has been a qualified candidate for solving the problems of energy utilization and environmental pollution. In this study, an improved IES scheduling optimization model based on an improved particle swarm algorithm is established, and the daily operating cost is taken as the objective function. Constraints on the energy supply and consumption sides are fully considered. The results show that with the energy storage conversion scheduling strategy participating in the optimization, the daily cost is significantly decreased by 10.5%. Compared with the genetic algorithm with elite strategy, the particle swarm algorithm is more suitable for the IES, with the lowest daily cost of $ 6, 193. Besides, the improved annealing particle swarm algorithm has better adaptability when facing high-dimensional multimodal function problems, and performs better on global search and local optimization.
Effect of Permanent Magnet Segmentation Structure on Eddy Current Loss of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Wu Rujun , Wang Chenbing
Published: December 2023

For this essay, the mechanism of cutting a magnet to reduce its loss is investigated using the equivalent circuit of magnet segmentation, and the method is verified by the finite element method. The results indicate that the segmentation of magnets can effectively reduce the eddy current loss of magnets. The larger the product of segmented lengths is, the smaller the eddy current loss is. The higher the number of segments is, the lower of loss value is. The rotational speed and eddy current loss are in the square. Load multiple and eddy current loss is in cubic growth.
Multi-heterogeneous Data Synchronization Method for New Generation Substation Monitoring System
Authors: Diao Dongyu , Pan Hongxiang , Li Zhaoguo , Zhang Ting , Ju Lu , Liu Zechen
Published: December 2023

In principle, the new generation substation monitoring system no longer has duplicate data collection across safety partitions. To avoid information islands between nodes of different safety partitions and to realize efficient interconnection and interoperability of different types of information, this paper proposes a multivariate heterogeneous data synchronization method for the new generation substation monitoring system. Firstly, the overall framework of the structured data synchronization method, synchronization data encapsulation modeling, cache format construction, and subgroup and group packet processing are introduced; secondly, the overall architecture of the unstructured data synchronization method is introduced, including full data updating and difference data updating, and the latter improves the efficiency of data chunking and achieves the incremental synchronization process of the difference by the fast CDC method based on the identification of the local difference; finally, the test validation is carried out based on the actual data for testing and validation. The results show that the multivariate heterogeneous data synchronization methods are 100% correct, and the incremental difference synchronization saves more than 70% of the synchronization time.
Consortium Blockchain-based Measurement Data Trusted Sharing and Interaction in New Power System
Authors: Li Chunyang , Zhang Chongchao , Gao Liyuan , Liu Sida
Published: December 2023

The trusted sharing and interaction of power measurement data are crucial in developing new-type power systems. However, there are some problems, such as complex interaction environments and data privacy leaks in the flow process of electric measurement data. We first design a measurement data sharing and interaction information uplink storage scheme based on consortium blockchain certificate storage. Then, a credibility-based blockchain consensus mechanism is designed to reduce the burden of blockchain storage. The experiment shows that the proposed method performs better in sharing power measurement data.
A Method for Rotor Position Detection of PMSM Using Filterless Square Wave Signal Injection
Authors: Li Buchuan , Bai Yinru , Wang Shuhong , Sun Yiming
Published: December 2023

Frequency signal injection is commonly utilized in sensorless control of PMSM in low-speed operation. The HF square-wave injection technique eliminates the need for filters and enhances the system’s dynamic performance. Experiments have shown that when the motor is operating at a significantly low speed, the identification error caused by this method is too large, which often leads to the motor being difficult to start or out of control. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the HF-SWIM and suggest improvements to improve the response of the system and reduce the steady-state error of the identification. These improvements include refining the high-frequency separation formulation and improving the position observer. Simulations confirm the efficacy of the proposed method.
Research on Optimal Control Method of Load Side Virtual Power Plant Based on Cloud Edge Collaboration
Authors: Xu Zhenan , Wen Aijun , Jiang Yuzi , Huang Shu , Zhao Yang , Jin Siyu
Published: December 2023

With the advancement of new power system construction, the large-scale layout of new energy power generation has gradually become a new format, and the overall new energy presents the characteristics of “rapid development of installed capacity, an increased proportion of low-voltage grid connection, and ultra-high penetration rate in some areas”. Under the new situation of power generation, power transmission, power distribution, and power consumption, to solve the problem of efficient and friendly interaction of “source, network, load and storage” in the power system and the consumption of renewable energy, “virtual power plant” came into being. However, there are limitations in aggregating resources in virtual power plants. To improve the effective participation of users, such as medium and low loads in power grid interaction, this article designs and implements a load-side virtual power plant control software system based on cloud-side collaboration. We use the virtual power plant operation control system to realize resource bidding and flexible participation in the response. The system can flexibly aggregate multiple types of resources through deployment verification, effectively realize precise tracking of instructions, and guarantee effective grid interaction.
Development of sweeping detector phase contrast imaging in Large Helical Device
Authors: Sakai H. , Tanaka K. , Kinoshita T.
Published: December 2023

Phase contrast imaging (PCI) has been used for the turbulence profile measurement in Large Helical Devices; however, it does not have sufficient spatial resolution owing to the small number of two-dimensional (2D) detector elements. Therefore, in this study, we limited the measurement target to steady-state plasmas and conduct a pseudo multichanneling of a 2D detector array by sweeping using a one-dimensional detector. This new system is called SD-PCI. SD-PCI needs two detectors, one is one-dimensional detector and the other is single channel detector. By selecting suitable detector and imaging magnification for target turbulence or device characteristics, SD-PCI demonstrates the potential capability and enhancements. The wavenumber spectra comparison from the correlation calculations of the simultaneous measurement of the actual plasma with conventional 2D-PCI and proposed SD-PCI shows that SD-PCI is as effective as 2D-PCI in spectral broadening. The simplicity of the proposed system is expected to be applicable to various devices. In this paper, the SD-PCI system was explained along with the initial results of the 2D wavenumber spectrum calculation, which was necessary for obtaining turbulence profile.
Geographic variation in individual face learning based on plasticity rather than local genetic adaptation in Polistes wasps
Authors: Simons Meagan , Green Delbert A , Tibbetts Elizabeth A
Published: December 2023

Signals and receiver responses often vary across a species’ geographic range. Effective communication requires a match between signal and receiver response, so there is much interest in the developmental mechanisms that maintain this link. Two potential mechanisms are genetic covariance between signal and receiver response and plasticity where individuals adjust their phenotype based on their partner’s phenotype. Here, we test how plasticity contributes to geographic variation in individual face recognition in Polistes fuscatus wasps. Previous work has shown that P. fuscatus from Michigan, USA (MI) have variable facial patterns used for individual recognition, while P. fuscatus from central Pennsylvania, USA (PA) lack variable facial patterns and are unable to learn individual conspecifics. We experimentally altered rearing environment, so wasps were either reared with their own population or in a common garden with wasps from both populations. Then, we tested the wasps’ capacity to learn and remember individual conspecific faces. Consistent with previous work, MI wasps reared with MI wasps were adept at learning conspecific faces, while PA wasps reared with PA wasps were unable to learn conspecific faces. However, MI and PA wasps reared in a common garden developed similar, intermediate capacity for individual face learning. These results indicate that individual face learning in Polistes wasps is highly plastic and responsive to the social environment. Plasticity in receiver responses may be a common mechanism mediating geographic differences in non-sexual signaling systems and may play a role in maintaining links between signals and receiver responses in geographically variable communication systems.
Peregrine falcons shift mean and variance in provisioning in response to increasing brood demand
Authors: McKinnon Rebekah A , Hawkshaw Kevin , Hedlin Erik , Nakagawa Shinichi , Mathot Kimberley J
Published: December 2023

The hierarchical model of provisioning posits that parents employ a strategic, sequential use of three provisioning tactics as offspring demand increases (e.g., due to increasing brood size and age). Namely, increasing delivery rate (reducing intervals between provisioning visits), expanding provisioned diet breadth, and adopting variance-sensitive provisioning. We evaluated this model in an Arctic breeding population of Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) by analyzing changes in inter-visit-intervals (IVIs) and residual variance in IVIs across 7 study years. Data were collected using motion-sensitive nest camera images and analyzed using Bayesian mixed effect models. We found strong support for a decrease in IVIs (i.e., increase in delivery rates) between provisioning visits and an increase in residual variance in IVIs with increasing nestling age, consistent with the notion that peregrines shift to variance-prone provisioning strategies with increasing nestling demand. However, support for predictions made based on the hierarchical model of tactics for coping with increased brood demand was equivocal as we did not find evidence in support of expected covariances between random effects (i.e., between IVI to an average sized brood (intercept), change in IVI with brood demand (slope) or variance in IVI). Overall, our study provides important biological insights into how parents cope with increased brood demand.
Central limit theorems for local network statistics
Authors: Maugis P A
Published: December 2023

Subgraph counts, in particular the number of occurrences of small shapes such as triangles, characterize properties of random networks. As a result, they have seen wide use as network summary statistics. Subgraphs are typically counted globally, making existing approaches unable to describe vertex-specific characteristics. In contrast, rooted subgraphs focus on vertex neighbourhoods, and are fundamental descriptors of local network properties. We derive the asymptotic joint distribution of rooted subgraph counts in inhomogeneous random graphs, a model that generalizes most statistical network models. This result enables a shift in the statistical analysis of graphs, from estimating network summaries to estimating models linking local network structure and vertex-specific covariates. As an example, we consider a school friendship network and show that gender and race are significant predictors of local friendship patterns.
Guselkumab demonstrates long-term efficacy and maintenance of treatment response postwithdrawal in systemic treatment-naïve patients and nonresponders to fumaric acid esters: results from parts II and III of a randomized active-comparator-controlled phase IIIb trial (POLARIS)
Authors: Thaçi Diamant , Pinter Andreas , Sebastian Michael , Termeer Christian , Sticherling Michael , Gerdes Sascha , Schäkel Knut , Wegner Sven , Krampe Stefanie , Bartz Holger , Rausch Christian , Taut Friedemann , Eyerich Kilian
Published: December 2023

Background

The anti-interleukin-23 antibody guselkumab (GUS) demonstrated favourable week 24 efficacy and safety over fumaric acid esters (FAE) in systemic treatment-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (study part I).

Objectives

To compare, in study part II, the sustainability of treatment responses (weeks 24–32) in GUS- and FAE-treated patients and treatment responses (weeks 32–56) in patients treated with GUS and FAE and in FAE nonresponders switching to GUS; and, in part III, to investigate the maintenance of response through week 100 in patients withdrawn from GUS at week 56.

Methods

At week 0, systemic treatment-naïve patients were randomized 1 : 1 to GUS or FAE as per label. At week 32, patients with a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 (≥ 75% improvement in PASI score) response (r) continued assigned treatment (GUSr-GUS; FAEr-FAE), whereas nonresponders (nr) received GUS (FAEnr-GUS; GUSnr-GUS). GUS-treated patients with a week 56 PASI 90 response (≥ 90% improvement in PASI score) were withdrawn (w) and followed until loss of response or week 100.

Results

At week 32, 98% (n = 54/55) of GUS- and 41% (n = 14/34) of FAE-treated patients were PASI 75 responders. At week 56, 91%, 50% and 80% of GUSr-GUS, FAEr-FAE and FAEnr-GUS patients, respectively, achieved a PASI 90 response; 72%, 29% and 45%, respectively, achieved a Dermatology Life Quality Index score of 0/1. At week 100, 44 weeks postwithdrawal, 47% (n = 17/36) and 25% (n = 3/12) of GUS-GUSw and FAE­GUSw patients, respectively, maintained a PASI score ≤ 5. Overall, the adverse event and discontinuation rates were lower for GUS than FAE.

Conclusions

In these exploratory analyses, GUS, as a first-line systemic treatment or second-line systemic treatment in FAE nonresponders, was associated with long-term clinical efficacy up to week 100, including a withdrawal period.
Metformin treatment is associated with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in patients with post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Davidsen Line , Jensen Morten H , Cook Mathias E , Vestergaard Peter , Knop Filip K , Drewes Asbjørn M , Olesen Søren S
Published: December 2023

Objective

Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Metformin is recommended for the treatment of PPDM, but evidence of its risk-benefit profile is limited. In a pharmaco-epidemiologic study, we investigated the association between metformin treatment and adverse outcomes in patients with PPDM.

Design and Methods

In a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, we included adults (≥18 years) with incident PPDM or type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2018. Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus was categorised into acute and chronic subtypes (PPDM-A and PPDM-C). Associations between metformin treatment and severe hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality were examined across the diabetes subgroups using Cox regression analysis. Treatments with metformin, insulin, and other glucose-lowering therapies were handled as time-varying exposures.

Results

We included 222 337 individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes and 3781 with PPDM, of whom 2305 (61%) were classified as PPDM-A and 1476 (39%) as PPDM-C. Treatment with metformin was associated with a lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62, P < .0001), MACE (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.92, P = .0071), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.49-0.64, P < .0001) in patients with PPDM. In sensitivity analyses and among individuals with type 2 diabetes, metformin treatment exhibited comparable trends of risk reduction.

Conclusions

Metformin is associated with a lower risk of adverse outcomes, including all-cause mortality in patients with PPDM, supporting the use of metformin as a glucose-lowering therapy for these patients.
Changes in Adiposity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The REGARDS Study
Authors: Zhu Wenfei , Li Yanbing , Zhao Chenxi , Howard Virginia J , Wadley Virginia G , Judd Suzanne E , Colabianchi Natalie , McClure Leslie A , Hooker Steven P , Sun Yuliang
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Adiposity may have a role in the risk of dementia. Fewer studies have focused on the relationship between change in adiposity and cognitive decline. Our study aimed to explore the association between the change in adiposity and cognitive function in Black and White older adults.

Methods

The participants were 12,204 older adults without cognitive impairment (62.8 ± 8.0 years) in the United States. The percent body mass index change (%BMI change) and percent waist circumference change (%WC change) were measured at 2 in-home visits (first: 2003–2007, second: 2013–2016). Cognitive status was assessed by the Six-Item Screener annually. Memory and executive function were measured by word list learning, MOCA recall and orientation, and letter and animal fluency every 2 years. Logistic regression or linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between percent change in adiposity and cognitive function.

Results

After 12.7 ± 1.7 years, a greater decrease in %BMI change or %WC change was significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Compared to older adults with −5% ≤ change ≤ 5% from baseline, a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment and greater loss in memory and executive function were found among those who experienced more than a 10% decline in %BMI change or %WC change. Older adults who experienced a 5%–10% decrease in %BMI change had a higher risk of cognitive impairment and greater loss of memory compared to those with −5% ≤ change ≤ 5%.

Discussion

A greater decrease in %BMI (>5%) and %WC (>10%) change was associated with greater cognitive loss observed over time.
DEMENTIA INTERVENTION STAFF AND CAREGIVER PERSPECTIVES ON THE DELIVERY OF ADS PLUS
Authors: Gaugler Joseph , Cotton Quinton , Albers Elizabeth , Ingvalson Stephanie N , Skalla Emily , Gitlin Laura
Published: December 2023

Interventions targeting persons living with dementia (PLWDs) provide an optimal touchpoint in the service delivery continuum for addressing the growing unmet needs of unpaid/family dementia caregivers. Services such as Adult Day Services (ADS) that generally target PLWDs can be enhanced by embedding an intervention that specifically targets informal caregivers. In a trial evaluating the ADS Plus intervention, open-ended feedback from ADS intervention staff and participants provided insights to improve the administrative, programmatic, and user experience of ADS Plus. Drawing on individual qualitative interviews (n=24), we conducted a thematic analysis revealing insights into the critical implementation factors supporting the effective delivery of ADS Plus. Identified themes included: 1) the relational, or person-centered, nature of the ADS Plus program, 2) the role of learning throughout implementation, 3) the influence of administrative structure on program delivery, and 4) contributors to the acceptability of ADS Plus. Our findings suggest that caregivers draw on multiple supports but that individually tailored supports for dementia care management must address the emotional needs of caregivers through relational intervention models. The effective delivery of ADS Plus was facilitated by perceived intervention benefits to caregivers, robust yet reasonable training for intervention staff, and the opportunity for adaptability in program delivery.
RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT WITH COGNITION IN AN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE OLDER POPULATION
Authors: Tappen Ruth , Koszalinski Rebecca , Newman David
Published: December 2023

One quarter of older adults in the U.S. are socially isolated; far more experience subjective loneliness. The potentially negative effects of limited social support and social engagement pose a concern for maintaining the well-being of older individuals, including the effect on cognitive function. To test the hypothesis that cognitive function is associated with social support and social engagement, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data from an ethnically diverse sample (118 African American, 147 Afro-Caribbean, 133 Hispanic, and 235 European American) of 623 community-dwelling older adults age ≥ 65 (173 male, 450 female). Using the model proposed by Cenè et al. (2022), we conceptualized level of social support and engagement as the exposure, emotional state (anxiety, depression, general emotional well-being), and physical function (functional activity, life space, general physical function, and self-rating of health) as mediators and cognitive function as the outcome of interest. Statistically significant direct and indirect effects were found between the three latent variables (emotional state, physical function, and social support and social engagement), indicating that the level of social support and engagement the older individual is related directly and indirectly to cognition (β=-.75, SE=.49, p<.028; β=-0.08, SE=0.795, p=0.017). The SEM models showed goodness of fit with χ2/df=3.001, CFI=0.931, AGFI=0.966, SRMR=0.045, and RMSA=0.058, and explained 35.3% of the variability. These values support the hypothetical model. Results suggest the importance of maintaining existing social support and engagement activities as well as development and testing of approaches to increase social support and engagement in later life.
STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES IN HEALTHY YOUNG AND OLD HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS: APPLYING DEEP LEARNING TO VOLUMETRIC SEM IMAGES
Authors: Hartnell Lisa
Published: December 2023

Several studies have shown that muscle strength and mitochondrial function degrade in individuals over time as a function of aging and/or disease. To better understand this process, we examined the relationship between structure and function of muscle in healthy young, healthy old and frail old participants in the Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing (GESTALT) study. Muscle was examined at the level of the mitochondrial reticulum and sarcomere, the basic contractile units of muscle, using volumetric Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. Volumetric SEM imaging using Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-SEM yields isotropic volumes enabling analysis at near membrane resolution and is ideal for mapping the mitochondrial reticulum and structural components of the sarcomere in 3D. The mitochondrial reticulum is a highly organized continuum of individual mitochondria that distribute and provide energy for contraction throughout muscle. We will show our approach to apply deep learning segmentation to volumes of gastrocnemius muscle ranging from 10-20 micrometers cubed collected from young (20-29y) and old (75-89y) participants in GESTALT to quantify differences in the reticulum including fragmentation and degeneration, as well as distribution and number of mitochondria. Preliminary findings suggest a difference with increasing age and more marked structural differences in both sarcomeres and mitochondria associated with frailty. Future work aims to increase the number of individuals sampled and extend the analysis to muscle from middle-aged individuals using biological markers and tests that indicate a functional aging phenotype.
CASUAL EFFECTS OF EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND MID/LATE-LIFE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION ON THE PACE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING
Authors: Belsky Daniel , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: December 2023

Epigenetic clocks have taken gerontology by storm. With the advent of 2nd and 3rd generation epigenetic clocks, including GrimAge and DunedinPACE, the field now has genomic biomarkers of aging that exhibit strong and consistent associations with aging-related morbidity and mortality. But the causes of variation in these powerful indices of aging-related biological changes remain poorly understood. In this symposium, we present four studies at the vanguard of research to elucidate causal drivers of 2nd and 3rd generation epigenetic clocks drawn from four disciplines. From life-course epidemiology, we present a natural-experiment study of the long-term impact of in-utero famine exposure. From economics, we present a quasi-natural experiment study of long-term impacts of early-life exposure to the Great Depression. From psychology, we present results from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia in older adults. And from geroscience, we present results from an RCT of long-term calorie restriction in healthy, non-obese adults (CALERIE). These studies report novel and important findings that suggest early-life adversity acts to accelerate the pace of biological aging –and— that it may be possible to slow the pace of biological aging in mid- and later-life through behavioral intervention. They also illustrate study designs and methods that can help move the field forward as costs for measurement of epigenetic clocks fall, enabling their introduction into many more cohort and intervention studies.
IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO THE DUTCH HUNGER WINTER AND THE PACE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING
Authors: Cheng Mengling , Heijmans Bas , Li Chihua , Lumey Lambert , Ryan Calen , Wang Shuang , Zhou Jiayi , Belsky Daniel
Published: December 2023

Adults with histories of early-life adversity experience younger age-of-onset for aging-related disease and shorter lifespan, suggesting an accelerated pace of biological aging. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed data from an established natural experiment: in-utero exposure to famine conditions induced by a Nazi blockade of the Southern Netherlands in Winter 1944-5. We analyzed data from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study (DHWFS, N=951). DHWFS enrolled survivors of in-utero famine exposure, matched controls born in the same hospitals as the survivors immediately prior to and following the famine period, and siblings of these individuals. Blood samples were collected when the famine survivors were aged 58. We analyzed blood DNA methylation data to measure the GrimAge and PhenoAge 2nd-generation epigenetic clocks and the DunedinPACE 3rd-generation clock. We tested if famine survivors were biologically older and aging faster as compared to controls. We found that famine survivors had faster DunedinPACE pace of aging, as compared with controls, but similar PhenoAge and GrimAge biological ages. In sex-stratified analyses, we found stronger effects of famine exposure in women as compared with men, including for the GrimAge and PhenoAge clocks; among women, famine exposure was associated with faster DunedinPACE and older GrimAge and PhenoAge, whereas in men effect-sizes were near zero. Famine effects were not accounted for by blood-cell composition and were similar for individuals exposed early and later in gestation. Sibling-difference analyses reproduced size and direction of effect estimates. Findings provide natural-experiment evidence for long-term effects of in-utero famine exposure on the pace biological aging.
FINDINGS FROM A PILOT PRAGMATIC CLINICAL TRIAL EMBEDDING CAREGIVER PROGRAMS IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS
Authors: Fortinsky Richard , Hepburn Kenneth , Clevenger Carolyn , Berg Karina , Higgins Melinda , Pascoe Tori , Medders Laura , Aldrich Vicky
Published: December 2023

Many interventions targeting family/informal caregivers of community-dwelling persons living with dementia have been tested in clinical trials, but few efficacious interventions have been offered in “real world” settings using embedded pragmatic clinical trial (ePCT) methods. This pilot ePCT engaged outpatient geriatrics and memory care clinics in two health systems to implement two caregiver support programs. We used patient portals in electronic health records (EHR) and caregiver registries to invite caregivers to receive one of two remotely-delivered caregiver support programs: the efficacious partly-synchronous Tele-Savvy (TS) program; or the completely-asynchronous Caregiving During Crisis (CDC) program. Random assignment (3TS:2CDC) was employed. Outcome measures were: self-reported caregiving mastery; perceived stress; and caregivers’ reaction to behavioral issues. Measures were collected using self-administered questionnaires sent via patient portals or secure email messaging before randomization and 3 months later (3m). In total, 74 caregivers participated: 59.5% received TS; 73.0% females, 17.6% Black caregivers, with average age 65.5+/-11.8 years. Thirty-four (45.9%) caregivers completed 3m. Compared to the caregivers in CDC, the TS caregivers experienced moderate-to-large effect size improvements in caregiver mastery and frequency of depressive behaviors (mastery: TS Cohen’s d=0.65, CDC d=0.00; depressive frequency: TS d=-0.64, CDC d=-0.04); caregivers in both groups reported moderate decrease in stress (TS d=-0.68; CDC d=-0.54). Implementation evaluation findings included: successful EHR buildout to capture and store caregiver-reported outcomes at one site; recruitment challenges due to caregiver difficulties gaining patient portal access and disinterest in randomization; and sub-optimal provider engagement in inviting caregivers to join the study through the EHR.
A MEDITERRANEAN LIFESTYLE AND FRAILTY INCIDENCE IN OLDER ADULTS: THE SENIORS-ENRICA-1 COHORT
Authors: Prieto Mercedes Sotos , Maroto-Rodriguez Javier , Delgado-Velandía Mario , Ortola Rosario , Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando
Published: December 2023

Background

Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that entails high risk of hospitalization, disability, and death. While adherence to Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower risk of frailty, the joint effect of diet and lifestyle is uncertain. This study examined the association between a Mediterranean lifestyle (diet, customs, and traditions) and frailty incidence in older adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from 1 880 individuals aged ≥ 60 from the prospective Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort. Adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item MEDLIFE index (higher scores representing better adherence), divided into 3 blocks: (1) “Mediterranean food consumption,” (2) “Mediterranean dietary habits” (practices around meals),” and (3) “Physical activity, rest, social habits and conviviality.” Frailty was ascertained as the presence of ≥ 3 of the 5 Fried criteria: (a) Exhaustion; (b) Muscle weakness; (c) Low physical activity; (d) Slow walking speed; and (e) Unintentional weight loss. Main statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression models, adjusting for the main confounders.

Results

After a 3.3-year follow-up, 136 incident frailty cases were ascertained. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of the MEDLIFE score, the OR (95% CI) for frailty was 0.88 (0.58-1.34) for the second tertile, and 0.38 (0.21-0.69) for the third tertile (p-trend = .003). Blocks 1 and 3 of the MEDLIFE score were independently associated with lower frailty risk. Most items within these blocks showed a tendency to reduced frailty.

Conclusions

Higher adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower risk of frailty.
PATHWAYS LINKING PARENTAL DEATH BEFORE 18 TO ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING
Authors: Farina Mateo , Klopack Eric , Crimmins Eileen
Published: December 2023

Parental death before 18 is one of the most challenging adverse events that can lead to poor health in later life. Accelerated biological aging may be a key physiological mechanism that underlies this association. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study: the core surveys and the 2016 Venous Blood Study (VBS). We used second- and third- generation epigenetic clocks (GrimAge, PhenoAge, DunedinPace) to evaluate accelerated aging. Parental death before 18 and other covariates were obtained from the core surveys. To assess direct and indirect pathways, we used Structural Equation Modeling with educational attainment, depressive symptoms, and adult health behaviors (smoking, drinking, and BMI) as potential adulthood pathways that link parental death before 18 to accelerated aging. Parental death before 18 was associated with .79 years of accelerated aging. We found evidence of an indirect pathway through adulthood depressive symptoms. We did not find evidence of indirect pathways through educational attainment or adulthood wealth despite their strong negative associations with parental death before 18. Parental death before 18 was associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, which indicates that epigenetic aging may be a a key biological mechanism that links parental death in early life to health in older adulthood. Some of the association may be reduced by addressing mental health challenges that are associated with this traumatic event.
COMBINATIONS AND SEQUENCES OF LIFE TRANSITIONS DURING A 10 YEAR PERIOD AROUND RETIREMENT AGE
Authors: Slaug Björn , Eriksson Erik , Iwarsson Susanne , Kylén Maya , Oswald Frank , Wanka Anna , Wazinki Karla , Schmidt Steven
Published: December 2023

Our lives can be characterized as periods of stability, alternating with events that bring about change of both practical and psychological nature which require some life adjustment. The scope and depth of such life transitions are related to the kind of event, but also to whether it is perceived as positive or negative, occurs together with other events, addresses an entirely new topic or something that is biographically familiar, comes after a long period of stability or if it is an event in a chain of events occurring shortly after one another. Applying a quantitative approach to qualitative interview data from the Swedish German HoT-age project (N=50; mean age=69; 50% men), life transitions were analysed by means of sequential and configural frequency analysis. During an approximate 10-year period around retirement age, the participants experienced in average 3.7 life transitions and 24% of them more than five. Fifteen different kinds of transitions (retirement, relocation, divorce/separation, new partner, chronic illness etc) were recorded. Besides retirement experienced by almost all (96%), relocation (66%), becoming a grandparent (40%) and chronic illness (40%) were most frequent. The transitions significantly more often (p=0.041) occurring in combination were retirement and relocation. Those who had experienced chronic illness often had a sequence of several events preceding the illness recorded as a transition. Those who found a new partner often had a sequence of events after that. Large variation in sequences and distances between events were found. This study contributes with new knowledge on life transitions around retirement age.
LONELINESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION: TO SCREEN OR NOT? PROVIDERS’ COMMUNICATIONS AND COMFORTABILITY
Authors: Hou Su-I
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Research has shown that loneliness and social isolation (SI) can seriously impact older adults’ health and well-being. However, it is unknown whether healthcare providers communicate with their older patients about these issues. This pilot study examines providers’ communication and comfortability on loneliness screening.

Methods

A convenience sample of providers who see older patients were recruited from healthcare and long-term care settings (n=59). Communication about social isolation was adapted from the revised UCLA 3-item Scale. De Jong Gierveld’s loneliness 6-item scale was used to assess social and emotional loneliness. Comfortable levels with loneliness screening (4 items) were adapted from UCF researchers’ food insecurity screening study.

Results

Providers’ mean age was 46 years; the majority were females (70%), and 67% were whites, with an average of 17 years of practice experience. About 60% of providers believe loneliness screening should be conducted among older patients during every visit. All the scales showed high internal consistencies with Cronbach’s alphas, ranging from .825 to .897. Data showed that communications about loneliness and social isolation were both low, with item means of 2.34 and 2.15, respectively. Overall, providers showed moderate comfort in conducting such screenings (mean=3.72 on a 5-point Likert scale).

Discussion

This pilot provides evidence of high reliabilities of these validated measures to assess providers’ communication and comfortability to screen for loneliness and SI. Data showed concerning findings on low communication and only moderate comfort among providers. It calls attention to providing provider training for early intervention, particularly among older patients.
THE VOICE OF OLDER ADULTS ON DIGITAL INCLUSION FOR HEALTHY COMMUNITY IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Ma Carol
Published: December 2023

With the rapid ageing population and the experience of Covid-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to create a digitally inclusive healthy society. Singapore, as a smart nation, has been at the forefront of promoting digital inclusion to all age groups, including older adults. According to the Statista (2022), 88.5% of the population in Singapore are using internet and 56% of those over 60 are smartphone users. The use of digital technology for health promotion holds enormous potential to empower individuals and communities, particularly in the context of healthy and active ageing. The older adults in this study are adept at using the basic function of the smart phone rather than a computer. Some have even attended the national program, “Seniors Go Digital,” to learn about basic communication tools, file messaging, video calling, accessing government digital services, using e-payment tools, etc. They have also shared the barriers they face in using the internet, such as declines in vision, cognitive ability, and hearing, as well as the opportunities they have found, such as arrange telemedicine and access to the e-health systems. Besides, they found that the peer support and social networks are very important to support their digital learning journey. Though fear of encountering cheats and scams is common, they can be overcome by building confidence through peer support and self-efficacy. During the presentation, the authors will identify the contextual influences of digital inclusion and its impacts on healthy ageing in Singapore.
NURSE STAFFING CHARACTERISTICS AT US NURSING HOMES: NURSING MIX AND INTENSITY
Authors: Orewa Gregory , Davlyatov Ganisher , Ghiasi Akbar , Weech-Maldonado Robert
Published: December 2023

NHs have long struggled with lack of appropriate and consistent supply of nursing staff. Recruitment of qualified nursing staff is difficult due to the relatively low pay, supply-demand mismatch, and onerous regulatory and administrative demands. Research suggests that approximately 80% of NHs are understaffed. Despite NHs offering financial incentives to attract staff nurses, the use of contract nurses has been on the rise with 78% facilities reporting using agency nurse staff. However, much of this evidence remains anecdotal or precedes the COVID 19 pandemic, which had a disproportionate impact on the NH industry. The purpose of this research was to explore the overall nursing staffing trends at US NHs from 2017-2022. The study used the CMS Payroll Based Journal (PBJ) data for years 2017-2022. We examined the nursing staffing intensity, the proportion of contract nurses to total nurses, and the proportion of registered nurses (RN) to total nurse staffing. Our results suggest that the RN and licensed practical nurses (LPN) hours per resident day (PRD) stayed relatively consistent through 2017-2022, with a slight increase noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significant decrease in CNA hours PRD in 2022 compared to 2017. Contract nurse utilization across RNs, LPNs, and CNAs increased in 2022 compared to 2017. Looking at the trends, contract nurse utilization has been consistently increasing, but it may have peaked during the pandemic. RN to total nurse ratio increased in 2022 compared to 2017, though noticeably, the sharpest increase was during the pandemic.
FALLS, FEAR OF FALLING, DAILY ACTIVITIES, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THAI COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Rodniam Jaroonrat , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of falls, fear of falling (FoF), activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling older adults in Thailand. A cross-sectional survey of 433 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. We used a simple random sampling method to recruit urban and rural adults aged 60 years and older from 23 districts in Thailand. The measurements included demographics, fear of falling, history of falls, QoL, the modified Barthel ADL, chronic diseases, and medications. Data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Among the participants, 45.3% reported having at least one fall in the past year, and 80% reported high level of fear of falling. Compared to non-fallers and persons without fear of falling, fallers and persons with fear of falling were more likely to have at least one chronic disease, hypertension and stroke. Fallers and persons with fear of falling were more likely to take more medications or anti-hypertensive drugs. Daily activities including eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, and walking differed significantly between non-fallers and fallers (p< 0.01 for all), and between persons with and without fear of falling (p< 0.01). Quality of life measures also differed significantly between fallers and non-fallers (p < 0.01). In conclusion, fallers and persons with fear of falling were more likely to have poorer health, more medications, lower quality of life, and different daily activity patterns. Future interventions should consider the differences between fallers and non-fallers and persons with and without fear of falling.
IF YOU KNOW ONE CAREGIVER, YOU KNOW ONE CAREGIVER: UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERSITY OF US CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES
Authors: Choula Rita , Reinhard Susan , Caldera Selena , Houser Ari
Published: December 2023

For many years, the image of a family caregiver has been of a white woman in her late 40s providing care to her much older mother. The shifting demographics of the U.S. population have lead to a new understanding of the heterogeneity of family caregiving experiences and arrangements. Delays in having children and increasing longevity have led to an increase in caregivers sandwiched between care for someone under 18 at home and an older family member or friend and the share Gen Z and Millennial caregivers. The increasing racial and ethnic diversity and acceptance and visibility of persons identifying as LGBTQ has been reflected in the population of caregivers. Each of these communities of family caregivers have distinct care experiences and face unique challenges providing that essential care to family and friends with chronic, disabling, or serious health conditions. This presentation explores the diversity of the U.S. population of family caregivers and their unique care experiences detailed in the Valuing the Invaluable: 2023 Update. An overview of existing survey data on caregivers and quantitative and qualitative research into distinct caregiver experiences will provide attendees with a nuanced understanding of who family caregivers are and what they and their care recipients experience. In summary, the range of challenges these different caregivers face and positive experiences will be discussed.