bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced-Dimension, Biophysical Neuron Models Constructed From Observed Data
Authors: Clark Randall , Fuller Lawson , Platt Jason A. , Abarbanel Henry D. I.
Published: June 2022

Using methods from nonlinear dynamics and interpolation techniques from applied mathematics, we show how to use data alone to construct discrete time dynamical rules that forecast observed neuron properties. These data may come from simulations of a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron model or from laboratory current clamp experiments. In each case, the reduced-dimension, data-driven forecasting (DDF) models are shown to predict accurately for times after the training period.

When the available observations for neuron preparations are, for example, membrane voltage V(t) only, we use the technique of time delay embedding from nonlinear dynamics to generate an appropriate space in which the full dynamics can be realized.

The DDF constructions are reduced-dimension models relative to HH models as they are built on and forecast only observables such as V(t). They do not require detailed specification of ion channels, their gating variables, and the many parameters that accompany an HH model for laboratory measurements, yet all of this important information is encoded in the DDF model. As the DDF models use and forecast only voltage data, they can be used in building networks with biophysical connections. Both gap junction connections and ligand gated synaptic connections among neurons involve presynaptic voltages and induce postsynaptic voltage response. Biophysically based DDF neuron models can replace other reduced-dimension neuron models, say, of the integrate-and-fire type, in developing and analyzing large networks of neurons.

When one does have detailed HH model neurons for network components, a reduced-dimension DDF realization of the HH voltage dynamics may be used in network computations to achieve computational efficiency and the exploration of larger biological networks.
Have a CCOW: A CRAAP alternative for the internet age
Authors: Tardiff Anthony Bernard
Published: June 2022

The CRAAP Test is a popular tool for teaching students to evaluate information. Its simplicity and ease of understanding make it suitable for teaching in the limited time of a typical one-shot library instruction session. However, it has recently come under criticism for being unequal to the internet age. Critics hold that students treat the CRAAP criteria as a checklist, rarely leaving the source under evaluation to gather more information to aid their assessment, an activity crucial for internet factchecking. This paper details a new set of evaluation criteria that seeks to retain the convenient conceptual packaging of CRAAP while encouraging an investigative mindset. Students are asked to actively investigate the Credentials, Claims, and Objectives behind the information they are evaluating. A fourth criterion, Worldview, prompts metacognition and builds the self-awareness critical to making good judgements about information. This paper explores the CCOW criteria and details a flipped, online guide and exercise which has been successfully used to teach information literacy (IL) to college students in their first year of study using CCOW.
Faces of informed research:
Authors: Maybee Clarence , Gasson Susan , Bruce Christine Susan , Somerville Mary
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the Faces of Informed Research, an information literacy (IL) framework that aims to enhance researchers’ capacity to participate productively in collaborative interdisciplinary partnerships. Universities and funding bodies increasingly require collaborative approaches to research initiatives. Beneficial for advancing shared research interests, collaboration often requires overcoming significant variation in disciplinary approaches, including how researchers use information to conduct research, to transition unfamiliar researchers into working relationships. A conceptual development process was undertaken to expand on the Seven Faces of Informed Learning to further adapt the framework to collaborative and interdisciplinary research contexts. Embodying critical components of working together, Informed Research especially supports researchers’ collective enablement and enactment of different experiences of using information. Drawing from the pedagogic model Informed Learning Design, an ‘informing narrative' illustrates how the recognition of variations in information experience may be used to enrich researchers’ collaborative capacity. Future investigation will focus on the role of Informed Research in relationship to 1) research training in higher education, 2) group collaboration ‘efficacy,’ 3) research, research management and research collaboration leadership, and 4) the importance of information experiences for successful research, collaboration, and writing.
Using coaching techniques to teach information literacy to first year English undergraduates
Authors: Wolfenden Sarah
Published: June 2022

This is a report on how I integrated coaching techniques into my teaching of information literacy (IL) to 28 FHEQ Level 4 (Year 1) English undergraduates at Brunel University London, UK, during January 2021-April 2021. This was part of a compulsory module, titled Digital Literacy. During this time, it was held online due to COVID-19 lockdowns and, since restrictions have been lifted, I have started teaching this face to face in a flat classroom on the University campus.
Intentional librarian-student interactions during COVID-19
Authors: Dalal Heather , Charles Leslin , Dempsey Megan , Berg Cara , Bushby Rebecca , Dalrymple Joan
Published: June 2022

As part of a research study to examine first-year college students’ preparation for college-level research, students at six U.S. institutions of higher education were surveyed in the spring semester of 2021. The pandemic continued to affect the delivery of information literacy (IL) instruction and library services across the United States throughout the 2020–2021 academic year. When students completed this survey in April and May of 2021, the majority of instructional services were offered in synchronous and asynchronous remote formats. The students' engagement with librarians and librarian-created instructional resources were captured via the survey and analysed to determine whether students were able to leverage these interactions and materials despite the remote contexts. Students who did not interact with an academic librarian were less likely to use library resources, had more problems accessing information, and felt more overwhelmed by the quantity of resources and services offered by the library. Results show that intentional student-librarian interactions are a bridge to the acquisition and development of knowledge practices and dispositions of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. The findings suggest considerations for moving forward when it comes to communicating with students and delivering IL support in academic libraries around the world as countries emerge from pandemic conditions.
One more and one less: a new species of large bromelicolous lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Anadia) from the Andean cloud forests of northwestern Colombia and the phylogenetic status of Anadia antioquensis
Authors: AMÉZQUITA ADOLFO , DAZA JUAN MANUEL , CONTRERAS LEIDY ALEJANDRA BARRAGÁN , OREJUELA CATALINA , BARRIENTOS LUCAS SANTIAGO , MAZARIEGOS H. LUIS A.
Published: June 2022

The genus Anadia (family Gymnophthalmidae) consists of 19 species. It has remained almost taxonomically stable for decades, scarcely observed, in addition to being one of the less sampled gymnophthalmid genera with respect to molecular phylogenies. New Anadia species are discovered at a relatively low pace, and few specimens are found in the field, probably due to the arboreal habits of many low and mid elevation species. We describe here a new species of Anadia from the cloud forests of northwestern Colombia: the new species is easily diagnosed by the combination of shape and imbrication of dorsal scales, very large body size, the largest within its group, and large and non-overlapping number of longitudinal scale rows around midbody. We also tested the phylogenetic position of the recently described and geographically close A. antioquensis. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genomic regions recovered the new species as sister to A. buenaventura, whereas A. antioquensis was reassigned to the genus Riama. The new species is currently known from only three specimens, collected throughout eight years within less than 5 ha of the Mesenia-Paramillo Nature Reserve. Although its apparent rarity may be due to secretive habits, the species is provisionally declared vulnerable, while new information is available. To stimulate further research on this genus, we also compiled and present here the comparable information on the distribution and morphology of Anadia species. Altogether, the results stress the urge for a new review of the genus with the help of molecular data.
A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil
Authors: MARTINS FERNANDA O.
Published: June 2022

A new species of Microlepidogaster is described from rio Pardo drainage, a coastal basin in eastern Brazil. This species can be differentiated from its congeners by having the following unique features: 1) anterior portion of snout with a large odontode-free band extending laterally from the anterior tip of snout to the postrostral plate 2; 2) transverse process of second dorsal-fin pterygiophore exposed and bearing odontodes; and 3) exposed area of pectoral girdle extended to the mesial symphysis, with odontodes mainly distributed in the coracoid ventral expansion. The new species is further distinguished by several other morphological non-exclusive features. Recently, some Microlepidogaster species were reallocated to Rhinolekos. The taxonomic changes involving these genera is herein discussed.
Molecular analyses reveal two lineages under the name Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874) (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Penaeidae)
Authors: CARDOSO IRENE , TEROSSI MARIANA
Published: June 2022

The genus Rimapenaeus Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997 occurs in shallow waters and includes six species, being four restricted to Pacific Ocean and two restricted to Atlantic Ocean. Along the Brazilian coast, Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874) (called camarão ferrinho in Brazil) is one of the species most often accidentally caught during fishery activities, but due to its small size and abundance, it is not commercially exploited. Considering its wide distribution in the western Atlantic the purpose of this study was to examine from a molecular and morphological perspective specimens identified as R. constrictus sampled at the two extremes of its distribution (USA and southeastern Brazil). The phylogenetic trees (16S mtDNA and Cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes) showed a split of these specimens in two well-supported lineages: lineage A from USA (Maryland, Virginia, Florida and Gulf of Mexico) and lineage B from southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). The genetic distance observed between them (16S: 3.2%; COI: 9.4%) is high to be intraspecific, mainly when compared with other Dendrobranchiata studied. Instead of it none clear pattern that allows the morphological separation of these lineages was observed. We conclude that the shrimps usually called of Rimapenaeus constrictus, widely distributed in the Atlantic, actually represents two species and the Brazilian lineage probably is a new species, not described yet.
Two new species of the genus Merulempista Roesler, 1967 from China (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae)
Authors: LIU HONGXIA , ZHANG XIUYING , LI HOUHUN
Published: June 2022

The genus Merulempista Roesler, 1967 is studied in China. Two new species Merulempista pectinata Liu and Li, sp. nov. and M. similirubriptera Liu and Li, sp. nov. are described. Images of adults and genitalia are provided, with a key to all known Chinese species.
Implications of combined taxonomic, morphometric, and molecular characteristics for the species status of Paracentrobia tapajosae and Paracentrobia subflava (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), egg parasitoids of different leafhopper hosts in the Americas
Authors: TORRES-MORENO ROSAURA , MOYA-RAYGOZA GUSTAVO , GALLOU ADRIEN
Published: June 2022

The present study evaluated the taxonomy, morphology, and molecular variation of the egg parasitoids Paracentrobia subflava developing within eggs of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis from Mexico, and Paracentrobia tapajosae developing within eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata and eggs of D. maidis from Argentina.  The parasitoids from the different host species were found to have a significant difference in body size and morphology of head, wings, ovipositor, and chaetotaxy. On the other hand, geometric morphometric analysis of the male genitalia showed no difference between parasitoids emerged from T. rubromarginata and D. maidis. Additionally, the COI and ITS2 molecular markers demonstrated that the parasitoids emerging from these two different hosts cluster into a single clade. This new information suggests the placement of P. tapajosae syn. nov. as a junior synonym of P. subflava.
A review of fossil taxa of Microphorinae (Diptera, Dolichopodidae sensu lato), with redescription of the Eocene genus Meghyperiella Meunier
Authors: SHAMSHEV IGOR V. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E.
Published: June 2022

The current data on fossil empidoid flies of the subfamily Microphorinae (Dolichopodidae sensu lato) are summarized. The extinct taxa of this group includes five genera (Avenaphora Grimaldi & Cumming, Curvus Kaddumi, Meghyperiella Meunier, Microphorites Hennig, Pristinmicrophor Tang, Shi, Wang & Yang) and 17 described species (one species in extant genus Microphor Macquart and two species in Schistostoma Becker). One more possible fossil microphorine genus Microcathophorites is treated as a nomen nudum. Microphorines were found from different deposits dated over a very broad geological temporal range from Lower Cretaceous to the Eocene. However, the majority of them are currently known from the Cretaceous (five genera and 13 (14?) species). Only two genera and four (three?) species were found from the Eocene. More precise definitions of Curvus, Meghyperiella, Microphorites and Pristinmicrophor as well as their possible relationships are discussed. In addition, the little known Eocene genus Meghyperiella is redescribed and newly recorded from Rovno amber (Ukraine). An identification key to all fossil taxa of microphorines is compiled for the first time.
New Pseudachorutes species Tullberg, 1871 (Collembola, Neanuridae) with a key to Iranian species of the genus
Authors: SHAYANMEHR MASOUMEH , KAPRUS IHOR J. , GHOBARI HAMED , YAHYAPOUR ELIYE , SAMANI KIUMARS MOHAMMADI , LAFOORAKI ELHAM YOOSEFI , SEPANLOU MEHDI GHAJAR
Published: June 2022

Two new species of the genus Pseudachorutes, namely P. hyrcanicus sp. nov. and P. kurdistanicus sp. nov., are described based on materials from different parts of Iran. P. hyrcanicus sp. nov. seem to be especially similar to Pseudachorutes dubius Krausbauer, 1898 and Pseudachorutes vitalii Kaprus’ & Weiner, 2009, two congeners with the same labral formula (4/2,3,4), shape of apical bulb (trilobed) and details of chaetotaxy (unpaired chaeta d1 present and a0 absent on head, a2 chaeta absent on Tht. II and III, m row chaetae present on Abdt. IV, tibiotarsi I-III with 18, 18, 17 chaetae respectively), but are distinguished by the number of chaetae on Tht. I (4+4 in P. dubius, 3+3 in P. vitalii and P. hyrcanicus sp. nov.) and Abdt. IV (11+11 in P. dubius and P. hyrcanicus sp.nov. and 14(15) + 14 in P. vitalii), number of teeth at mandible (two in P. dubius and P. vitalii and four in P. hyrcanicus sp.nov.) and claw (lateral teeth present in P. dubius and P. vitalii and absent in P. hyrcanicus sp.nov.). Pseudachorutes kurdistanicus sp. nov. is related to P. laricis Arbea & Jordana,1989 and P. vasylii Kaprus’ & Weiner, 2009 because of the same type of chaetotaxy of head (d1 chaetae present and a0 chaeta absent), Tht. I (3+3 chaetae), Tht. II-III (without a2 chaeta), Abdt. IV (m row chaetae absent), Abdt. V (a2 and p2 chaetae absent) and the absence of lateral teeth on claws. The last three species differ in number of vesicles in PAO (11–12 in P. kurdistanicus sp. nov., 4–6 in P. vasylii and 7-9–7-9 in P. laricis), shape of apical vesicle on Ant. IV. (trilobed in P. kurdistanicus sp. nov. and simple or slightly bilobed in the other two species), labral formula (4/2,3,4 in a new species, 2/2,3,3,4 in P. laricis and 2/3,3,4 in P. vasylii) and number of chaetae on tibiotarsi I-III (18, 18, 17 in a new species and 19, 19, 18 in the other two species). An identification key of the species of Pseudachorutes recorded so far from Iran is given.
The Atmospheric Response to Meridional Shifts of the Gulf Stream SST Front and Its Dependence on Model Resolution
Authors: Famooss Paolini Luca , Athanasiadis Panos J. , Ruggieri Paolo , Bellucci Alessio
Published: June 2022

The Gulf Stream (GS) plays a key role in shaping the North Atlantic climate. Moreover, the associated sea surface temperature (SST) front undergoes interannual-to-decadal variability that is thought to force significant atmospheric circulation anomalies. However, general circulation models do not accurately reproduce the atmospheric response to SST front variability as estimated from observations. In this work we analyze the atmospheric response to the GS SST front (GSF) shifts in a multimodel ensemble of atmosphere-only simulations forced with observed SSTs (1950–2014). The atmospheric response is found to be resolution dependent. Only the high-resolution simulations produce a wintertime response similar to observed anomalies. More specifically, (i) analysis of the atmospheric thermodynamic balance close to the GSF showed that the anomalous diabatic heating associated to the GSF displacement is mainly balanced by vertical motion and by meridional transient eddy heat transport (not the case for low-resolution models), while (ii) the large-scale response includes a meridional shift of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet and storm track homodirectional to the GSF displacement. This atmospheric response is accompanied by changes in low-level baroclinicity close to and north of the GSF, resulting from the oceanic forcing and the zonal atmospheric circulation anomalies respectively. The low-level baroclinicity anomalies lead to changes in baroclinic eddy activity and, ultimately, in the jet via eddy–mean flow interaction. Considering the two-way nature of air–sea interactions, using historical atmosphere-only simulations is a powerful way to isolate the impact of realistic oceanic variability on the atmosphere. Our results suggest that interannual-to-decadal predictability may be higher than what low-resolution models currently indicate.
Improving Short-Term Precipitation Forecasting with Radar Data Assimilation and a Multiscale Hybrid Ensemble–Variational Strategy
Authors: Sun Tao , Sun Juanzhen , Chen Yaodeng , Zhang Ying , Ying Zhuming , Chen Haiqin
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a multiscale hybrid ensemble–variational (EnVar) data assimilation strategy with an hourly rapid update aiming to improve analysis of convection via radar observations and of convective environment via conventional observations. In this multiscale hybrid EnVar strategy, the ensemble members are updated by assimilating conventional data using an EnKF to provide the hybrid EnVar with flow-dependent background error covariance (BEC). A two-step approach is employed in the hybrid EnVar to achieve improved multiscale analysis by assimilating radar data and conventional data, respectively, in two successive steps. This two-step procedure enables the applications of different BEC tuning factors and different hybrid weights for radar and conventional observations. In addition, this study also examines the impacts of the flow-dependent BEC generated with and without radar data assimilation in EnKF on the performance of hybrid EnVar analysis and ensuing convective forecasting. The multiscale hybrid EnVar strategy was first evaluated through a comparison with 3DVar and EnKF using a convective rainfall case. Quantitative verifications for both precipitation and environmental variables demonstrated that the hybrid EnVar system with an optimal multiscale configuration outperformed both the 3DVar and EnKF. The multiscale hybrid EnVar strategy was then evaluated through a series of sensitivity experiments. It was shown that the two-step assimilation strategy outperformed the one-step for both the precipitation and environmental variables, and the ensemble BEC generated without radar data assimilation led to improved hybrid EnVar analysis over that with radar data assimilation by better representing uncertainties in convective environment and reducing spurious spatial and multivariate correlations.
What Do Twitter Users Think about Climate Change? Characterization of Twitter Interactions Considering Geographical, Gender, and Account Typologies Perspectives
Authors: Mouronte-López Mary Luz , Subirán Marta
Published: June 2022

Climate change (CC) is a topical issue of profound social interest. This paper aims to analyze the sentiments expressed in Twitter interactions in relation to CC. The study is performed considering the geographical and gender perspectives as well as different user typologies (individual users or companies). A total of 92 474 Twitter messages were utilized for the study. These are characterized by analyzing sentiment polarity and identifying the underlying topics related to climate change. Polarity is examined utilizing different commercial algorithms such as Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) and TextBlob, in conjunction with a procedure that uses word embedding and clustering techniques in an unsupervised machine learning approach. In addition, hypothesis testing is applied to inspect whether a gender independence exists or not. The topics are identified using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and the usage of n-grams is explored. The topics identified are (in descending order of importance) CC activism, biodiversity, CC evidence, sustainability, CC awareness, pandemic, net zero, CC policies and finances, government action, and climate emergency. Moreover, globally speaking, it is found that the interactions on all topics are predominantly negative, and they are maintained as such for both men and women. If the polarity by topic and country is considered, it is also negative in most countries, although there are several notable exceptions. Finally, the presence of organizations and their perspective is studied, and results suggest that organizations post with more frequency when addressing topics such as sustainability, CC awareness, and net zero topics.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the perception of Twitter users in relation to climate change. To do so, Twitter interactions are characterized by analyzing polarity (positive or negative sentiment) and identifying underlying topics that, with greater or lesser intensity, were discussed during the period analyzed. Then, to contextualize the information retrieved, several classifications are performed: by gender, location, and account typology (individual users and companies). Interesting differences and commonalities are found both by geographic dimension and by gender. Similarly, some dissimilarities exist between interactions from individuals and companies. The findings of this work are significant because they can help institutions and governments to properly target public awareness efforts on climate change.
Exploring classroom teachers’ efficacy towards implementing physical activity breaks in the classroom
Authors: McKown Hayley B , Centeio Erin E , Barcelona Jeanne M , Pedder Christine , Whitney G Moore E , Erwin Heather E
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine classroom teachers’ self-efficacy towards, and perceptions of, physical activity in the classroom.

Design:

The study is a convergent mixed-methods design in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously at one time point.

Setting:

A convenience sample was recruited through email from two school districts to participate in an online survey and follow-up phone interview.

Method:

The survey consisted of demographic variables, as well as the validated 18-item Teacher Efficacy Toward Providing Physical Activity in the Classroom Scale (TETPPACS). Quantitatively, descriptive statistics were calculated to explore general relationships; qualitatively, constant comparison and inductive analysis were used to better understand teacher efficacy and perceptions towards providing physical activity in the classroom.

Results:

Sixteen participants (87% female; Mage = 38.4 years, Mexperience =12.25 years) representing two states and 12 schools completed both measures. Participants represented all grade levels and varied in levels of general efficacy ( M = 3.18, range = 1.78–4.06), student barrier efficacy ( M = 3.30, range = 1.29–4.29), institutional efficacy ( M = 2.92, range = 1.33–4.22) and educational efficacy ( M = 3.60, range = 2.00–5.00). Three themes emerged as part of the qualitative analysis: (1) implementation barriers, (2) the face of teacher preparation and (3) knowledge and intentionality.

Conclusion:

Results offer further evidence of the disconnect that exists for classroom teachers as well as insights into classroom teachers’ perceptions of and self-efficacy towards physical activity in the classroom.
The Role of the Indian Political Regime in Higher Education Reforms for Innovation Drive: Key Comparisons With China
Authors: Jain Romi , Ping Hung Li Eric , Lee Joseph Tse-Hei
Published: June 2022

As primary drivers of global growth, China and India as Asian giants are on the path to reforming their higher education systems to drive innovation. This paper based on both primary and secondary data sources investigates how India’s democratic political leadership has facilitated higher education reform for fostering innovation while underlining key differences in the policy approach of the Chinese leadership. Findings identify the areas of reform for India and also reveal that epistemic boundaries between India and China are beginning to blur so far as right-wing ideological regimentation is concerned, with possible implications for innovation.
An Exploratory Study of Music Teachers’ Flow Experiences Between Performing and Teaching Music
Authors: Kang Sangmi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine music teachers’ experiences with flow while performing and teaching music. A model with four flow antecedents (Challenge, Skills, Goal Clarity, and Feedback) and three dimensions of flow state (Absorption, Enjoyment, and Intrinsic Motivation) was adopted to investigate music teachers’ flow experiences in performing and teaching. Two hundred twenty-five music teachers completed the Flow in Music Performing and Teaching Scale, modified from Buil et al. The analyses revealed that the four flow antecedents in the proposed model explained a substantial amount of variance in music teachers’ flow state for both performing and teaching music settings (54.0% in performing, 34.7% in teaching). Participants’ open-ended descriptions of flow were also collected to further explore music teachers’ personal experiences with flow. The open-ended descriptions revealed that music teachers cited topics pertaining to Challenge, Skills, Absorption, Enjoyment, and Flow Disruptor when describing flow in performance. In contrast, they tended to cite topics pertaining to Feedback, Goal Clarity, and Group Flow when describing flow in teaching. Because Feedback and Goal Clarity appeared to be more closely associated with flow in teaching, executing lesson plans to accomplish goals while flexibly responding to students’ spontaneous feedback may elicit flow for teaching.
Mitigating the negative impact of new buildings on existing buildings’ user comfort—a case study analysis
Authors: Rajus Vinu Subashini , Risopatron Nicolas Arellano , O’Brien William , Wainer Gabriel , Fai Stephen
Published: June 2022

Campus master plans are released every few years for developing and implementing its physical infrastructure. Open spaces, compactness, connectivity, greenness, and environmental impact have often been the focus on its framework. In particular, the effect of new building development on existing buildings’ occupant comfort and design intent is mostly ignored. Providing guidelines to retain existing users’ comfort for stakeholders involved in design decision making will result in improved design decisions. Hence, this research aims to provide a work methodology to mitigate the adverse effects of new buildings on existing buildings’ user comfort through a case study at Carleton University. The case study shows a methodology to retain the existing users’ comfort by analyzing Carleton University’s master plan on massing studies, occupant survey to understand their comfort needs, performance analysis of the impact of the new building on the existing building user comfort. The analysis reveals the key parameters to consider in design for occupants’ comfort. Finally, the research reinforces the generative design and the need for dynamic modeling in campus master plans to mitigate the negative implications of new development on occupants’ comfort.
Quantification and Pattern of Central Compartment Lymph Nodes in pN1a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Hui , Bian Cong , Yao Xi-Yu , Wu Yu , Chen Shun-Jin
Published: June 2022

Background: The background is to investigate the results of central compartment lymphadenectomy for pN1a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with regard to quantification and pattern of resected lymph nodes thereby providing basis for future compartment VI surgical intervention. Methods: The study comprised 443 pN1a PTC patients whose clinicopathological characteristics and central compartment lymphadenectomy results were compared and correlated with the primary thyroid cancer and lymph node metastasis (LNM) features. Ultimately, multivariate analysis was conducted to identify statistically significant impact factors for a high metastatic ratio (MR). Results: Dissected lymph nodes (DLNs) were more frequently identified in right level VI than left ( P < .05) although there was no difference in in the number of resected metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). Male sex, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and fewer DLNs were related to a high MR. There was a positive correlation between DLN and MLN, and a negative correlation between DLN and MR. Disease multifocality and ETE were identified more frequently in the left than the right thyroid lobe. Conclusion: The outcome of central compartment lymphadenectomy in pN1a PTC patients is associated with several factors, and a thorough dissection of lymph nodes improves the rate of metastatic lymph node resection.
Careful consumption and aspirational ethics in the media and cultural industries: Cancelling, quitting, screening, optimising
Authors: Edmond Maura
Published: June 2022

We are witnessing an era of increased intensity of consumer activism (and its discontents) within the arts, cultural and media industries. Ethical, radical, activist and even ‘woke’ consumer interests are now actively catered to across almost all goods and services, from food, fashion and fast-moving consumer goods to tourism, transport and finance. The aim of this paper is to analyse another field where these practices have recently focussed – the media and cultural industries. Drawing on interviews with 20 self-identified feminist and ethical consumers, this article examines how hyperconscious ethical consumption of cultural and media content is lived out and experienced as careful consumption. How are these careful audience activities described, rationalised and understood by the interview participants? What deliberative processes do they undertake and how does that guide them to certain conclusions about what media, art and culture they are willing to watch or not, where they draw the line, and why? This article shows how perceptions of consumer choice, responsibility and culpability are being channelled into an aspirational ethics, involving forms of self-improvement, self-care and self-control such as screening and filtering content, ‘cancelling’ and boycotting media, and attempts to correct, optimise and diversify our tastes and interests.
On the microfoundations of the link between classroom social norms and behavioral development
Authors: Veenstra René , Lodder Gerine M. A.
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the link between social norms and behavioral development as presented in research on norms regarding bullying and aggression. The aim is to present a conceptual framework for how classroom norms may explain children’s decisions to defend others or refrain from defending. Norms emerge from group consensus about what is appropriate in given social circumstances, and can also shape, constrain, and redirect behavior at the individual level. The study of norms has gained much attraction in peer relation research, and has turned attention to group-level processes, often defined at the classroom level, which create and sustain shared meanings that impact behavioral and social adjustment. Norm conformity, pluralistic ignorance, and power balance are presented as potential micro-level mechanisms for the link between classroom popularity (or rejection) norms and defending behavior. Directions for further research are discussed, including the need to assess and test the microfoundations directly, examine gender-specific versus common norms, focus on competing classroom norms, test developmental effects of norms, examine the impact of teachers on social norms, and pay attention to the influence of personal norms.
Differences in Life Satisfaction and Emotions by Romantic Coupling and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Meyer Dixie , Cohn Aaron , Robinson Brittany , Zubatsky Max
Published: June 2022

Subjective well-being is defined using a triune model including positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. These variables are positively related to romantic relationship satisfaction and influenced by demographic characteristics (i.e., sexual orientation and relationship status). However, research often neglects how the interaction of identifying as specific demographics (e.g., gay or lesbian, in a committed relationship) may lead to different experiences of subjective well-being. A sample of individuals ( N = 811) participated in this national, online survey that assessed relationship quality, life satisfaction, and positive/negative affect. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed those in a committed romantic relationship, regardless of marital status, reported more life satisfaction and fewer negative mood symptoms demonstrating greater personal subjective well-being. When assessing differences by sexual orientation, gay men reported less life satisfaction than heterosexual individuals and lesbian women, regardless of relationship status. While these findings help clarify that being in a romantic relationship may influence life satisfaction and emotional demeanor, they also speak to the challenges gay men may face in our society.
Readability Analysis and Accessibility of Online Materials About Transgender Voice Care
Authors: Magrath Walker J. , Shneyderman Matthew , Bauer Tom K. , Neira Paula , Best Simon , Akst Lee M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine readability, understandability, and actionability of online health information related to transgender voice care.

Study Design

Review of online materials.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Methods

A Google search of “transgender voice care” was performed with the first 50 websites meeting inclusion criteria included. Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). Understandability and actionability were measured by 2 independent reviewers using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT‐P). Unpaired t tests were used to compare clinician‐ and patient‐oriented sites, surgical and nonsurgical sites, and sites that discuss nonbinary indications for voice care. Analysis of variance was used to compare sites that discuss voice feminization, masculinization, both, or neither.

Results

Average scores across the cohort for FRES, FKGL, and SMOG were 43.77 ± 13.52, 12.14 ± 2.66, and 11.30 ± 1.93, respectively, indicating materials were above a 12th‐grade reading level. PEMAT‐P scores for understandability and actionability were 64.95% ± 15.78% and 40.55% ± 23.86%, respectively. Patient‐oriented sites were significantly more understandable and actionable than clinician‐oriented sites (P <. 02). Websites that discussed only voice feminization were significantly more readable according to objective metrics (FKGL, SMOG) than websites that discussed both feminization and masculinization or those that did not differentiate care types (P <. 05).

Conclusion

Online information written about transgender voice care is written at a level above what is recommended for patient education materials. Providers may improve accessibility of transgender voice care by enhancing readability of online materials.
Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With Mixed Apnea Components
Authors: Rha Min‐Seok , Jeong Yeonsu , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Cho Hyung‐Ju
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study was aimed to investigate clinical implications of mixed apnea (MA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly whether surgical outcomes differ between OSA patients with and without MA events.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary medical center.

Methods

Eighty‐eight patients with OSA who underwent multilevel upper airway surgery were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of MA events: “pure group” (n = 30) and “mixed group” (n = 58). The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

The mixed group included more males (P = .020) and hypertensive patients (P = .009) and had a higher apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI; P < .001) than the pure group. The surgical success rate was lower in the mixed group (29.3%) than in the pure group (73.3%; P < .001). Furthermore, the postoperative improvements in total AHI (P < .001), supine AHI (P < .001), and oxygen desaturation index (P = .006) were lower in the mixed group than in the pure group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the presence of MA (P = .002) was an independent predictor of poor surgical outcomes in patients with OSA.

Conclusion

OSA patients with MA showed different clinical features and poor surgical outcomes compared to those without MA. These results imply that OSA with MA components may have a distinct pathophysiology, and the presence of MA should be considered in the surgical treatment of OSA.
Patient Factors and Preferences in Choosing Sleep Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ikeda Allison K. , McShay Crystina , Marsh Robin , Saini Shireen , Sardesai Maya G. , Weaver Edward M. , Boss Emily F.
Published: June 2022

Objective

There are several obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment options available to patients, including surgery and less invasive therapies. Little is known about the factors that influence patient preferences for treatment. We aimed to understand factors influencing patient experience and decision making for undergoing sleep surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective qualitative study.

Setting

Tertiary sleep surgery clinic.

Methods

We conducted semistructured interviews with adults who previously underwent any nasal and/or pharyngeal sleep surgery. We asked open‐ended questions about their decision‐making process within a preconceived thematic framework of chief OSA symptoms, expectations for recovery, and sources of information. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and content was analyzed for defined, emergent, and prevalent themes.

Results

Ten patients were interviewed from December 11, 2020 through January 29, 2021. Six patients underwent nasal surgery, 1 underwent pharyngeal surgery, and 3 underwent staged nasal and pharyngeal procedures. All patients were beyond the acute recovery phase. Reasons for pursuing surgical consultation varied from sleep apnea burden to external factors, such as recommendations from significant others. Duration of sleep surgery consideration varied from months to years. Major concerns about sleep surgery involved anesthesia and postoperative pain. External factors influencing patients’ decisions to pursue sleep surgery included family and friend support. Postoperative outcomes of surgery included patient satisfaction with decision for surgery, given OSA improvements.

Conclusion

Understanding patient factors that influence decision making for sleep surgery may guide clinicians in patient‐centered counseling that engages patients in decision making, aligning with clinical symptoms and patient preferences.
Orchestrating a digital platform ecosystem to address societal challenges: A robust action perspective
Authors: Addo Atta
Published: June 2022

Orchestration of digital platform ecosystems has been well examined in the context of markets and the private sector where an orchestrator is a resourceful firm exploiting commercial opportunities in an industry. However, little is known about how it occurs when a government organization orchestrates to address societal challenges. We build upon the construct of “robust action”—identified with chess masters who play to advance a broad strategy while simultaneously maintaining flexibility—to explain how orchestration by a government organization might overcome initiation, stabilization, expansion, and meta-governance challenges through digital platform-enabled participative architecture, multivocal inscriptions, and distributed experimentation. Evidence for our theoretical framework is drawn from empirical studies of the Aadhaar, a platform ecosystem orchestrated to address multiple societal challenges stemming from identity and its management.
All Walks of Life: Editorial for the Special Issue on “The Impact of Psychopathy: Multidisciplinary and Applied Perspectives”
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Shane Matthew
Published: June 2022

We are grateful for the opportunity to serve as Guest Editors of this Special Issue on “The impact of psychopathy: Multidisciplinary and applied perspectives.” Psychopathy is a serious public health concern that has long attracted scholarly and clinical interest in both mental health and criminal justice fields. However, given its robust link with criminal behavior, research on psychopathy has largely developed with a primary emphasis on (male) adults within correctional settings. While the preponderance of work remains focused on these adult offenders, research on psychopathy has expanded in recent decades to include studies within a variety of more diverse populations and contexts. The goal of this Special Issue has been to highlight some of the most recent research in these areas, toward a more deliberate emphasis on the broad impacts that psychopathy can impart across all walks of life. To this end, while only two of the papers included in the Special Issue focused on forensic samples (and more specifically on treatment and recidivism), all 10 papers have nonetheless offered a clear focus on the detrimental impacts that individuals with psychopathic traits can impart within society. Indeed, included manuscripts focused on the impact of psychopathy within romantic relationships (in both middle and older adulthood), within parent-child dyads, within the workplace, and within society at large. Across these studies, the significant, detrimental impact that individuals with heightened psychopathic traits impart is highlighted, not only for their victims, but also for their family, friends, and colleagues. In this Editorial, we would like to emphasize some main themes that emerged from their contributions.
Creating a Benevolent World: Exploration of a Music-Based Rehabilitation Program for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals
Authors: Bensimon Moshe
Published: June 2022

Many studies discuss the impact of music programs on prison inmates. However, few studies have investigated the impact of music programs on formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs), and none of them have focused on the programs’ characteristics. This phenomenological study explores the characteristics of a music-based rehabilitation program for FIIs. Five FIIs and three staff members who participated in a group music program were interviewed. The following four themes emerged: Continuity—the importance of the FIIs’ previous positive acquaintance with the program while still being in prison. Egalitarian approach—the importance of the staff treating the FIIs with understanding, tolerance, non-judgmentalism, and the use of an eye-level approach. Cultural sensitivity—the staff members’ sensitivity to the FIIs’ different backgrounds to form a connection. Playfulness—the program’s ability to break free from a “fight-or-flight” mode and experience a counter mode of playfulness. The findings are discussed through the perspective of positive criminology.
Loading Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Into a Traditionally Designed Rotator Cuff Patch: A Potential Strategy to Enhance the Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear Associated With Degenerative Changes
Authors: Zhang Xuancheng , Han Zhengzhe , Han Kang , Zhang He , Huang Jinghuan , Huangfu Xiaoqiao , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: June 2022

Background:

Retraction and degenerative changes of chronic rotator cuff tears limit the healing capacity after routine surgical repair.

Purpose:

To fabricate a mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosome (MSC–Exos) loaded patch and evaluate the effect of this patch on the activity of rabbit tenocytes in vitro and on the repair of chronic rotator cuff tears associated with degenerative changes in vivo.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The MSC–Exos loaded patch was fabricated using a dynamic wet-spinning system. In the in vitro studies, the proliferation and migration activities of tenocytes were evaluated by culturing tenocytes with saline, a fiber-aligned patch, or an MSC–Exos loaded patch. In the in vivo studies, a rabbit model of chronic rotator cuff tear was established and directly repaired, repaired with fiber-aligned patch augmentation (RFPA group), and repaired with MSC–Exos loaded patch augmentation (REPA group). Histological and biomechanical analyses were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery.

Results:

An MSC–Exos loaded patch with inner aligned fibers, a loose microstructure, and reliable initial strength was fabricated using a dynamic wet-spinning system. The MSC–Exos loaded patch significantly promoted tenocyte proliferation and migration activities in vitro. In vivo, the REPA group exhibited significantly higher tendon maturing scores at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery compared with both the control and the RFPA groups. Fatty infiltration was significantly reduced in the REPA group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with both the control and the RFPA groups. Biomechanical properties, including load to failure and stress, were also significantly improved at 12 weeks in the REPA group compared with both the control and the RFPA groups.

Conclusion:

Results in the present study suggested that an MSC–Exos loaded patch was able to enhance the repair of a chronic rotator cuff tear by providing mechanical support and minimizing degeneration.

Clinical Relevance:

This work supported the idea that loading bioactive MSC–Exos into a traditionally designed rotator cuff patch might exert a better effect on the repair of chronic rotator cuff tears than augmented patch repair alone.