bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma proposta decolonializada: justiça restaurativa à brasileira
Authors: Modesto Fermino Marcela , Silva Filho Edson Vieira da
Published: December 2023

A Justiça Restaurativa é um movimento criado nos Estados Unidos e Canadá em meados dos anos oitenta que visa implementar um processo paralelo ao penal em casos criminais a fim de prestar apoio às vítimas. Inspiradas em práticas indígenas originárias da América do Norte, as práticas restaurativas obtiveram resultados positivos, visto que não pretendem acabar, diminuir ou prevenir a criminalidade, mas sim dar amparo às vítimas na medida do que for possível, considerando os elementos vítima-ofensor-comunidade, através dos chamados processos circulares. Em 2016, a Justiça Restaurativa foi recepcionada no Brasil pela Resolução 225 do CNJ, sob recomendação das Resoluções 1999/26, 2000/14 e 2002/12 das Organizações das Nações Unidas. No entanto, o problema desta importação da Justiça Restaurativa, é que, além de ter realizado uma implementação estritamente dogmática sem considerar a realidade brasileira, o sistema judiciário ainda desconsiderou pontos cruciais da teoria original, do autor Howard Zehr, sobre como ela deve ser composta. Apresentado o problema de pesquisa, neste trabalho se buscará realizar uma análise de decolonização da Justiça Restaurativa, visto que ela foi desenvolvida considerando a realidade norte-americana (questão, inclusive, apresentada por Zehr), e utilizando como fundamentos a brasilidade dentro da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada será a bibliográfica.
Influence of Door Gap on Aeroacoustics and Structural Response of a Cavity
Authors: Bacci David , Saddington Alistair J.
Published: December 2023

Numerical aeroacoustic analysis using the Shear Stress Transport–Scale Adaptive Simulation turbulence model was conducted on a weapon bay model based on the M219 geometry with doors incorporating radar cross-section reduction features. The effect of the introduction of a gap between the doors and the cavity edge on the aeroacoustic and structural response of the cavity was analyzed at Mach 0.85. The effect of introducing 3 deg of sideslip was also investigated. Both mean and unsteady flow analyses were conducted. The results showed a strong palliative effect of the door gap with and without sideslips. The overall analysis of the spectral signature on the forces and moments acting on the doors indicated the possibility of fluid–acoustic coupling, as all acoustic spectra showed a predominant tone located at the same frequency of the first structural mode.
The Use of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis Methods to Identify the Most Crucial Key Factors Influencing the Psychological Stability of University Students
Authors: Yahya Rebaz O. , Mahmood Nozad H. , Kadir Dler H. , Aziz Saya J.
Published: December 2023

Abstract-This research aimed to use factor analysis and cluster analysis approaches to evaluate the crucial components influencing the psychological stability of students at Salahaddin University-Erbil. To obtain our data, we selected a sample size of 149 students and surveyed them with twenty-two items about their psychological stability. According to the findings of both methods, six common factors or clusters influence the psychological stability of students labeled (Anxiety, Satisfaction, Relationship, Health, Simplicity, and Participation). Furthermore, according to the results of both methods, the first factor and the first cluster, anxiety, have the most significant effect on the psychological stability of university students compared to the other variables. Consequently, it is suggested that universities should emphasize the psychological stability of students and provide training courses for academic staff by educational and psychological experts so that they can treat the students better and understand their psychological instability situations.
Textual Criticism, Literary Criticism, and State Capture: Returning 3 Reigns 12:24p–t to the Canon of Local African Communities
Authors: West Gerald
Published: December 2023

This article begins by considering the relationship between textual variants and the canonical text, arguing for a fuller presence of significant variant readings alongside the canonical text, in line with contemporary textual critical scholarship and their associated eclectic critical editions. Alongside such eclectic critical editions and their appropriation within Bible translation, this article suggests that a community-based approach like Contextual Bible Study could be used to return significant and relevant variants to ordinary African readers and hearers of the Bible. The article argues that LXX 3 Reigns 12:24p–t is such a significant and relevant textual variant, offering as it does a remarkable resonance with contemporary South African concerns about state capture. The article analyses 24p–t as a significant textual variant in text critical terms, as significant narrative literature in its own right, as a coherent economic narrative analysis concerning the cause of the division of the united monarchy, and as a potential resource for Contextual Bible Study work within the contemporary South African context of state capture.
Exploring the Information-seeking Behaviour of Students at the Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, who Use Mobile Technologies to Access Information
Authors: Odu Alice Olije , Du Preez Madely
Published: December 2023

The advent and development of ICTs brought about changes that influence users’ information-seeking by using mobile devices. This article contains a report from a doctoral thesis on a qualitative phenomenological study that explored the use of mobile devices by undergraduate students at the Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, to seek academic-related information. A semi-structured interview schedule was employed to collect data from 21 students from years 2, 3 and 4. Owing to certain features of mobile devices, the findings suggested that mobile devices influenced the students’ information-seeking behaviour. The features that influenced the use of mobile technologies for information-seeking purposes included affordability, ease of use, portability, and convenience. However, features such as screen size and unstable networks negatively affected the use of mobile devices for information-seeking purposes. In turn, some user-related characteristics, such as a lack of information literacy skills and a lack of knowledge on how to use mobile technologies, seemed to affect the students’ willingness to use mobile technologies for information-seeking purposes.
Records Management Audit Using the ARMA Information Governance Maturity Model: A Case of the Department of Teacher Training and Technical Education (DTT&TE), Botswana
Authors: Manyeke Manyeke , Joshua Amogelang
Published: December 2023

The information environment is rapidly growing due to increased data from business transactions and processes. This calls for records management to support decision-making and business functions. This is possible through what we refer to as information governance. This paper aims to bridge the gap between existing records management practices and the ideal state by undertaking a records management audit at the Department of Teacher Training and Technical Education (DTT&TE) using the ARMA Information Governance Maturity Model, ultimately improving information governance and records management processes. The study employed a qualitative case study approach.  Data was collected through observations and interviews with three respondents, including the chief, principal, and senior records officers. The study's key finding reveals that DTT and TE are at level 3 (essential) of the maturity level. This finding implies that DTT&TE has well-defined regulatory requirements and processes. However, the study also revealed that the organisation does not meet the required maturity level (5). To this end, this poses risks such as poor performance due to a lack of accountability, poor execution of records management practices, low levels of compliance with requirements, and backlogs of records resulting from a lack of retention and disposition schedules in the organisation. Furthermore, the study reveals that the above risks result from challenges such as shortages of storage, security issues, and inadequate staffing, among others. To address these challenges, the paper recommends that DTT&TE review records management policies, adopt compliance frameworks, and provide staff training by DTT & TE.
N-ALKYLSULFONYL MODIFICATIONS ARE PERSPECTIVE ANALOGOUS OF PHOSPHOROTHIOATES IN ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AND GUIDE RNAS
Authors:   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Akhmetova E.A. ,   Genterra JSC, Moscow,   Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Sergeeva O.V. , Zatsepin T.S.
Published: December 2023

The main disadvantages of therapeutic oligonucleotides are the off-target activity and poor stability in vivo. Major solutions of such limitations are chemical modification and targeted drug delivery. In current research we investigated the influence of alkylsulfonyl modifications on the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides and gRNAs for CRISPR/Cas system in combination with different approaches of the selectivity improvement.
STUDY OF THE ROLE OF SMOKING-ASSOCIATED GENES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LUNG CANCER
Authors:   Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Biriukova O.D. , Kononchuk V.V. , Chesnokova O.R. , Chuzhikov V.V. , Kalinina T.S. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology — Branch of the ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk,   Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk,   Lyceum No. 12, Novosibirsk,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2023

We aimed to identify genes associated with the pathogenesis of lung cancer (LC). Using TCGA data, we selected the SLC35F5 and NRP1 genes associated with smoking and survival rate in patients with LC. Their mRNA levels were further investigated in tumor samples. The expression of SLC35F5 and NRP1 was significantly reduced in the tumors of smokers and correlated with the size of the tumor and the presence of metastases, confirming the association with LC pathogenesis.
ADVANCING DNA AUTOMATION: MIRNAS-REGULATED “NOT-GATE” LOGIC ELEMENTS BASED ON DEOXYRIBOZYME DNA MACHINES
Authors:   SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Hussein Z. , Smirnov V.V. , Eldeeb A.A. , Kolpashchikov D.M. ,   Almetyevsk State Oil Institute,   Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
Published: December 2023

In this study, we developed binary deoxyribozyme-based DNA machines that function as “NOT-GATE” logic elements. Our DNA machines successfully implemented the «NOT» logic functionality using an allosteric mechanism with a catalytic core sequence, serving as the functional area, and a hairpin structure.
CANCER CELL DEATH INDUCED BY ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES *
Authors:   SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Misnik E.V. , Eldeeb A.A. , Kolpashchikov D.M. ,   Almetyevsk State Oil Institute,   Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
Published: December 2023

In the present study, we examined a library of antisense oligonucleotides as potential cancer treatment agents. Identification of therapeutic candidates was performed with two rounds ofselection for the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV-3. We have identified two promising targets whose manipulation exerts a significant impact on inducing cellular stress and subsequently reduces cell viability.
DEPENDENCE OF THE AFFINITY OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ON CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS AND THE LENGTH OF NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES
Authors:   SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Mosentsova K.I. , Toropova A.V. , Nour M. , Eldeeb A. , Kolpashchikov D.M. ,   Almetyevsk State Oil Institute,   Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA,   National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
Published: December 2023

In the work, such methods of changing the affinity of DNKzyms as chemical modifications and changes in the length of the nucleotide sequences of the arms were considered. This makes it possible to prioritize the activation of two types of DNKzyms gates to determine the concentration of an oncomarker in solution.
INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AS A FACTOR IN ACTIVATING THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE COLON IN AN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Saeidi A. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk
Published: December 2023

The gut microbiota is a diverse collection of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal system. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are important variables in the development of IBD. We studied the impact of germ-free status on the progression of the inflammatory process in an experimental model of IBD using mice with and without mucin-2 (MUC2) gene knockout.
Avaliação da eficácia das terapias biológicas com anticorpos monoclonais na asma severa
Authors: Oliveira João Victor Oinhos de , Mameri Samira dos Santos , Moreira Leonardo Caruba , Franco Cláudia Marques Andrade , Santos Vanessa Maria Gonçalves dos , Palma Júlia Coelho da Fonseca , Rangel Maria Eduarda Machado , Zanatta Julia Sibelly Wiezorek , Granvile Ana Beatriz Bragheto , Silveira Amanda Carolina Zicatti da
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Analisar a eficiência das terapias biológicas com anticorpos monoclonais em pacientes com asma severa. Métodos: Esse estudo é uma revisão integrativa e foi realizada avaliando a literatura disponível na plataforma PubMed Central com os seguintes termos de pesquisa MeSH: Monoclonal Antibodies, Asthma; com o objetivo responder se a eficácia das terapias biológicas com anticorpos monoclonais no tratamento de asma severa é superior aos tratamentos convencionais. Inicialmente foram selecionados 1339 artigos na íntegra publicados entre 2018 e 2023, em inglês, português e espanhol. Após critérios de inclusão foram removidos artigos duplicados, resumos e aqueles que não atendiam os critérios de seleção, restando 26 artigos que foram incluídos nesta revisão. Resultados: Foi evidenciados o benefício de anticorpos como benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, dupilimabe e omalizumabe, pois eles se mostram eficientes na redução das exacerbações graves de asma quando comparados com corticoides inalatórios e orais no tratamento desses pacientes. Considerações finais: Embora ainda sejam necessários mais estudos sobre o assunto, as melhorias no controle da asma severa com anticorpos monoclonais, utilizando questionários validados, foram significativas, em comparação com os tratamentos habituais, na maioria dos estudos avaliados.
Mycotoxin Recovery and Matrix Effect in Fava Bean Starch and Protein Isolate Measured by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Hoffmann Anika , Essassi Souha , Brück Wolfram , Miladinović Saša M.
Published: December 2023

Mycotoxins are dangerous fungal food contaminants. Customized sample preparation techniques are essential for LC-MS/MS analysis of mycotoxins in unique protein-rich food matrices to enhance recovery and reduce matrix effects.
ОБЗОР ПОСЛЕДНИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ В ОБЛАСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ МЕТАЛЛОВ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ
Authors: Абдуллина Д.У. , Бебихов Ю.В. , Татаринов П.С. , Дмитриев С.В.
Published: December 2023

Технология электропластической обработки металлов давлением (ЭОМД) – это относительно новый процесс формоизменения металлов, который является энергоэффективным, экологически чистым и универсальным. В частности, он может быть использован для обработки металлов или сплавов, которые трудно обрабатывать с помощью обычных производственных процессов. Эффект электропластичности был открыт советскими учеными, но в настоящее время Россия утратила первенство в его практическом применении. В настоящее время во всех технологически развитых странах ведутся активные научные исследования и технологические разработки в области ЭОМД. В России несколько активных групп работают с целью сокращения наметившегося отставания. Практическая целесообразность использования эффекта электропластичности в ОМД ни у кого не вызывает сомнения, в то же время, признаётся, что физические механизмы реализации данного эффекта остаются не до конца понятыми и продолжают активно обсуждаться. Дискутируются такие конкурирующие идеи как электронный ветер и негомогенное выделение джоулева тепла, рассматривается влияние скин- и пинч-эффектов. За последнее десятилетие в ЭОМД были достигнуты значительные успехи, и в этом обзоре обобщается текущее состояние проблемы, и описываются последние разработки в области ЭОМД. Особый акцент сделан на описании механизмов, ответственных за электропластический эффект и эволюции микроструктуры металлов и сплавов, подвергнутых такой обработке. Также обсуждаются проблемы, стоящие перед теоретиками и экспериментаторами, для повышения эффективности процессов ЭОМД. Делается прогноз эффективности использования ЭОМД на предприятиях мелкого и среднего металлургического передела.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОКРЫТИЙ БОРА, НАНЕСЕННЫХ МЕТОДОМ МАГНЕТРОННОГО НАПЫЛЕНИЯ В АРГОНЕ И АЗОТЕ
Authors: Иванов Ю.Ф. , Юшков Г.Ю.
Published: December 2023

Представлен сравнительный анализ свойств покрытий бора на поверхности нержавеющей стали, нанесенных в среде аргона и азота с использованием планарного магнетрона с термоизолированной нагреваемой в разряде мишенью из чистого кристаллического бора. Измерены скорости нанесения покрытий, которые при постоянной мощности разряда уровня 40 Вт при использовании в качестве рабочих газов аргона и азота составляли около 4 и 4,7 нм/мин, соответственно. Методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии исследован рельеф поверхности покрытия. Показано, что, несмотря на различие характера рельефа покрытий, формирующихся в аргоне и азоте, морфологические свойства поверхностей близки. Результаты, полученные методами рентгенофазового анализа и просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии, свидетельствуют о преобладании аморфной фазы бора в покрытиях, нанесенных в этих газах. На границе раздела покрытия и подложки выявлено формирование частиц боридов железа и кристаллического бора с размерами от 3 нм до 4,5 нм, образующихся как в среде аргона, так и азота.
АНОМАЛЬНЫЙ МАССОПЕРЕНОС БОРА ПРИ ИНДУКЦИОННОМ БОРИРОВАНИИ СТАЛИ 20
Authors: Шевчук Е.П. , Плотников В.А. , Макаров С.В.
Published: December 2023

Формирование обширной диффузионной зоны размером до 980 мкм при 1000 °Cи выдержке в течение 5 минут в индукционной печи свидетельствует об аномальном высоком массопереносе бора в ходе высокотемпературного борирования стали 20. Такой массоперенос бора в диффузионной зоне обеспечен аномально высокой диффузией бора в α-матрицу. Из анализа высокой диффузионной подвижности, влияющей на диффузию бора, следует, что аномально высокий диффузионный массоперенос может быть обеспечен действием нескольких факторов различной физической природы. Во-первых, одним из факторов является градиент химического потенциала, обеспечивающий протекание реакционной диффузии и образование боридов железа FeB и Fe2B. Во-вторых, высокая температура определяет высокую кинетическую энергию и высокую диффузионную подвижность атомов бора. В-третьих, высокий тепловой эффект реакции образования боридов (43118,4 кДж/моль) вызывает локальное повышение температуры, следствием чего является увеличение диффузионной подвижности бора в диффузионной зоне. Основным маршрутом бора в стали при борировании является диффузионный массоперенос по границам зерен. Высокая скорость зернограничной диффузии связана сособенностями атомного строения границы зерен и, прежде всего, с наличием свободного объема, избыточной концентрацией вакансий при высоких температурах и областей растяжения и сжатия. Диффузия по границам зерен в условиях действия нескольких факторов, перечисленных выше, на несколько порядков больше, чем внутри зерна. Такой эффект может быть связан с появление жидкой фазы в границах зерен задолго до температуры плавления поликристаллического агрегата, то есть коэффициент диффузии по границам зерен становится по существу равным коэффициенту диффузии в жидкости. Формально учет факторов, влияющих на диффузионный процесс, можно описать как снижение потенциального барьера в условиях действия этих факторов. Разумеется, потенциальный барьер не снижается, а снижается эффективное значение энергии активации на величину работы внешних сил. При снижении эффективной энергии активации до нуля, вероятностный экспоненциальный множитель в формуле коэффициента диффузии становится равным единице, а процесс массопереноса бора при таких условиях принимает надбарьерный характер и переходит в своеобразный автокаталитический процесс массопереноса. Представленныев статье данные показывают, что при борировании необходимо учитывать и исследовать аномальный массоперенос. Продолжение исследований в этой области поможет лучше понять физические механизмы этих сложных процессов и разработать более эффективные методы химико-термической обработки.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ДИФФУЗИОННЫХ СЛОЁВ НА АРМКО-ЖЕЛЕЗЕ ПРИ ПОРОШКОВОМ БОРОМЕДНЕНИИ
Authors: Лысых С.А. , Мишигдоржийн У.Л. , Корнопольцев В.Н. , Хе С.Ц. , Хараев Ю.П.
Published: December 2023

В работе представлены результаты исследований диффузионных слоёв полученных на образцах из АРМКО-железа в порошковых смесях содержащих бор и медь. Целью являлось исследование влияния содержания меди в составе насыщающей смеси на строение, структуру и толщину диффузионного слоя. Подробно описана методика проведения эксперимента: описание составов насыщающей смеси, режимы проведения боромеднения, дальнейшие металлографические исследования и измерения микротвердости. Проведен сравнительный анализ литературных источников о состоянии и развитии ситуации с поверхностным упрочнением на машиностроительных предприятиях. В результате на образцах из АРМКО-железа были получены диффузионные слои толщиной от 120 до 220 мкм различные по структуре и строению. При толщине 120 мкм слой имеет «классическое» игольчатое строение, а при толщине в 220 мкм слой теряет игольчатую структуру и приобретает вид сплошного слоя с примыкающей перьевидной фазой. Увеличение концентрации меди в 3 раза (состав № 2) по сравнению с составом № 1 оказало влияние на распределение микротвердости. Разница между наибольшими значениями микротвердости несущественна, составляет 50 HV, но дальнейшее распределение имеет более плавный характер, без резких скачков или перепадов. Было установлено, что увеличение содержания меди в насыщающей смеси способствует увеличению толщины диффузионного слоя и изменению строения и структуры слоя. Также медь оказывает влияние на распределение микротвердости полученных диффузионных слоёв. При максимальной концентрации меди в составе насыщающей смеси микротвердость имеет более плавный характер распределения, без резких скачков и перепадов.
Interpersonal Karma: A Note
Authors: Ritzinger Justin
Published: December 2023

It has been twenty years since Jonathan S. Walters sought to dislodge the ingrained understanding of karma as a purely individual phenomenon. Since then, interesting work has been done on this issue, but less than one might hope and much of it siloed, addressing either texts or ethnography, either this region or that one. One of the most exciting aspects of a recent symposium on lived karma was the opportunity to explore these issues with scholars of widely varied expertise. One theme that emerged is what I will term “interpersonal karma.” Across the Buddhist world, we find not only that our relationships are constituted by karmic affinities, but also that in many contexts those relationships are seen as the media through which karma unfolds. These understandings not only provide frameworks for interpreting relationships but underwrite ritual technologies through which people can form, maintain, or disperse these affinities.
Universal Karma
Authors: Fisher Gareth
Published: December 2023

Drawing on recent ethnographic research at a temple-based Buddhist charitable foundation in mainland China, this study joins recent scholarship that questions an understanding of karma as a solely individual soteriological enterprise. It shows how both volunteers and paid staff at the charitable foundation, many of whom were practicing Buddhists, focused on helping both people and other sentient beings as soteriological goals in their own right apart from a consideration of individual karmic benefit. Inspired by environmental awareness, this soteriological orientation saw the karmic fate of all beings as inextricably bound together, an orientation we can refer to as universal karma.
One chiral fingerprint to find them all
Authors: Orsi Markus , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: December 2023

Background: Molecular fingerprints are indispensable tools in cheminformatics. However, stereochemistry is generally not considered, which is problematic for large molecules which are almost all chiral. Results: Herein we report MAP4C, a chiral version of our previously reported fingerprint MAP4, which lists MinHashes computed from character strings containing the SMILES of all pairs of circular substructures up to a diameter of four bonds and the shortest topological distance between their central atoms. MAP4C includes the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) annotation (R, S, r or s) whenever the chiral atom is the center of a circular substructure, a question mark for undefined stereocenters, and double bond cis-trans information if specified. MAP4C performs as good as the achiral MAP4, ECFP and AP fingerprints in non-stereoselective virtual screening benchmarks. Furthermore, it readily distinguishes between thousands of stereoisomers in complex natural products and peptides. Conclusion: MAP4C is recommended as a generally applicable chiral molecular fingerprint.
A turn-off fluorescent sensor for metal ions quantifies corrosion in an organic solvent
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Pfaffenberger Zechariah , Seigel Mark , Kisley Lydia , Saini Anuj
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that the corrosion of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and pure aluminum can be quantified by the turn-off fluorescent sensor Phen Green-SK (PGSK) in ethanol-based solutions. We first evaluate the dependence of the chelation enhanced quenching of PGSK on iron and aluminum ion concentrations. Subsequently, we apply PGSK to examine the anodic dissolution of metal corrosion. The observed time-dependent PGSK-quenching quantifies the corrosion rates of two metals over 24-hours of immersion in ethanol-based solutions. The PGSK-based quantification of corrosion is compared to scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, including open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion rates calculated from PGSK-quenching and Tafel extrapolation are in agreement, and both indicate a decrease in corrosion rates over 24-hours. Our work shows PGSK can efficiently sense and quantify anodic corrosion reactions at metal interfaces, especially in organic solvents or other non-aqueous environments where the application of electrochemical techniques can be limited by the poor conductivity of the surrounding medium.
Cyclic ion mobility for hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry applications
Authors: Griffiths Damon , Anderson Malcolm , Richardson Keith , Inaba-Inoue Satomi , Allen William J. , Collinson Ian , Beis Konstantinos , Morris Michael , Giles Kevin , Politis Argyris
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool to probe protein dynamics. As a bottom-up technique, HDX-MS provides information at peptide-level resolution, allowing structural localisation of dynamic changes. Consequently, HDX-MS data quality is largely determined by the number of peptides that are identified and monitored after deuteration. Integration of ion mobility (IM) into HDX-MS workflows has been shown to increase data quality by providing an orthogonal mode of peptide ion separation in the gas-phase. This is of critical importance for challenging targets such as integral membrane proteins (IMPs), which often suffer from low sequence coverage and/or redundancy in HDX-MS analyses. The increasing complexity of samples being investigated by HDX-MS, such as membrane mimetic reconstituted and in vivo IMPs, has generated need for instrumentation with greater resolving power. Recently, Giles et al. developed cyclic ion mobility (cIM), an IM device with racetrack geometry that enables scalable, multi-pass IM separations. Using 1-pass and multi-pass cIM routines, we use the recently commercialised SELECT SERIES™ Cyclic™ IM spectrometer for HDX-MS analyses of 4 detergent solubilised IMP samples and report its enhanced performance. Furthermore, we develop a novel processing strategy capable of better handling multi-pass cIM data. Interestingly, use of 1-pass and multi-pass cIM routines produced unique peptide populations, with their combined peptide output being 31 to 222% higher than previous generation SYNAPT G2-Si instrumentation. Thus, we propose a novel HDX-MS workflow with integrated cIM which has the potential to enable the analysis of more complex systems with greater accuracy and speed.
Process Development and Manufacture of the Core Starting Material of Adagrasib (MRTX849)
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Paymode Dinesh , Snead David , Lu Zhichao , Yu Stanley , Robert-Monpate Maxime , Chao Maria Noelia , Haas Thomas , Wang Hanhui , Liang Xuewei , Chen Cheng-yi
Published: December 2023

The beta-ketoester 1 is one of the critical starting materials used in the second-generation synthesis of adagrasib. Disclosed within is a new, streamlined, operationally simple and more environmentally friendly three-step telescoped protocol which was demonstrated on a >100 kg batch with an overall yield of 70%. Identification of the shortcomings and the quality issues of the initial route are discussed. The process development work overcoming these challenges and leading to the new route of synthesis is described.
Automatic orbital pair selection for multi-level local coupled-cluster based on orbital maps
Authors: Lampe Lukas , Neugebauer Johannes
Published: December 2023

We present an automatic, orbital-map based orbital pair selection scheme for multi-level local coupled-cluster approaches that exploits the locality of chemical reactions and concentrates on the part of the molecule directly involved in the reaction. The previously introduced pair-selected multi-level extension to domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled-cluster with singles, doubles, and semi-canonical perturbative triples [DLPNO-CCSD(T0)] partitions the orbital pairs according to relative changes in pair correlation energies [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 064102 (2022)]. To this end, maps between localized orbitals are required which in turn require maps between the atoms of structures along reaction paths. So far, these atom maps have been manually determined, which can be a (human) time-consuming procedure. In order to automatize this procedure, we present an atom mapping algorithm based on the principle of minimum chemical distance that incorporates the orientation through dihedral angles. Within the methodology of this algorithm, linear assignment problems are addressed and explicitly solved, giving rise to the idea of considering the orbital mapping problem as such. This led to a new strategy to obtain orbital maps that proves advantageous over the previously used direct orbital selection. Along with a modified orbital pair prescreening, this results in an improved variant of the pair-selected multi-level DLPNO-CCSD(T0) method. For given combinations of pair selection thresholds, the performance of this approach is demonstrated for various reaction types showing a significant efficiency gain and accurate results due to beneficial, systematic error cancellation. The presented method operates in a black-box manner due to its fully-automatized algorithms with only the need to specify a single target-accuracy parameter. Core orbitals can be included in the correlation treatment in a computationally cheap way such that there is no need for the frozen-core approximation. Additionally, we demonstrate that basis set extrapolation techniques can be applied.
WTO plurilateral agreements: A multilateral approach in action
Authors: Orłowska Renata , Dorożynska Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

Background: The World Trade Organization (WTO), established in 1995, emphasizes multilateralism, necessitating unanimous consent for decisions and agreements among member states. However, the intricate nature of global trade often hinders unanimous agreement. To address this, the WTO has seen the rise of plurilateral agreements, which differ from purely multilateral ones. Plurilateral agreements involve specific WTO members negotiating commitments in particular policy areas. Unlike standard regional trade agreements, plurilaterals offer flexibility, allowing participating states to address issues of economic interest. This approach enables tailored solutions and promotes collaboration among like-minded countries to advance shared objectives without universal consensus.

Research purpose: This article explores the realm of WTO plurilateral agreements, examining their structure, evolution, and impact on the multilateral trading system. It delves into the dynamics of these agreements, which offer a practical avenue for addressing pressing trade-related issues. By scrutinizing the interplay between plurilateral agreements and the overarching principles of multilateralism within the WTO, this research aims to shed light on the extent to which plurilateral complements the multilateral approach, contributing to a deeper understanding of the evolving global trade landscape.

Methods: This article employs a mixed-method research methodology, which includes a thorough literature review, analysis of relevant reports on plurilateral agreements, and examination of secondary data sources. The study combines quantitative and qualitative analyses within GATT/WTO activities to assess changes in plurilateral agreements. Data on plurilateral agreements were sourced from the WTO database and ministerial reports. This dual approach offers a robust framework for comprehensively evaluating the evolving landscape of plurilateral agreements in the GATT/WTO framework.

Conclusions: WTO plurilateral agreements offer enhanced flexibility in trade governance and play a pragmatic role in addressing complex trade issues. While they do not replace the fundamental principle of multilateralism, they serve as complementary mechanisms to facilitate progress on specific trade-related issues. These agreements also have the potential to influence the evolution of trade governance and support multilateralism within the WTO, providing tailored solutions in a dynamic global trade landscape.
The Concept of a Smart City in the Context of Modern Research
Authors: Dziundziuk Kateryna
Published: December 2023

It was defined that a smart city is a concept of city development that involves the integration of the newest information and communication technologies in all spheres of its functioning. It was found that the components of a smart city are: smart infrastructure, smart transport, smart energy, smart health care, smart governance, smart economy, smart citizens, smart technologies. The attributes of a smart city are: sustainability, quality of life, urbanization, smartness.
It was determined that the main directions of development of a smart city are society, economy, environment, governance. It was found that the main challenges of implementing the concept of a smart city are: the cost of smart city projects, the integration of ICT and physical infrastructure, the amount of data that creates a smart city, operational efficiency, the level of hydrocarbon emissions, achieving sustainability, information security, protection from natural disasters cataclysms.
It was found that smart city sustainability is linked to urban infrastructure, governance, energy, climate change, pollution, waste, as well as social, economic and health issues. It was determined that the Internet of Things and big data are the most important elements of implementing the concept of a smart city. Using the Internet of Things makes smart cities possible. The main components of the Internet of Things are: an item, local network, Internet, cloud. Big data is a collection of complex data sets that are difficult to process using conventional database management tools or traditional data processing applications.
It was found that the Internet of Things, big data and smart cities are closely related. The data generated by a smart city and associated with spatial and temporal tags form the basis of big data. Big data in smart cities is accumulated as a result of the work of Internet of Things sensors, websites, mobile applications, and social networks.
Controversial Issues of Enforcement of Anti-Corruption Legislation
Authors: Tuchak Mykola
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, the anti-corruption legislation study is significant for establishing such wording in the definitions that will be equally perceived by the subjects of responsibility and subjects of prevention and counteraction to corruption and will be effectively used in the mechanism of corruption prevention and counteraction.
This modernization will allow for an effective anti-corruption policy in Ukraine.
The object of the study is social relations arising in the process of combating corruption in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the organizational and legal regulation of prevention and counteraction corruption in the context of the modern anti-corruption strategy.
The article aims to identify the disadvantages of law enforcement, contradictions, and gaps in the current anti-corruption legislation and to outline the ways to eliminate them.
When analyzing the current anti-corruption legislation, it is impossible not to focus on such an aspect as the definition of family members under Article 1 and the declarant family members in the note of Article 46, and information about the object of declaration that was in the possession or use of the declarant family members in the second part of Article 46 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”.
These definitions must be consistent for their uniform perception and implementation in preventing and counteracting corruption.
Particular attention should be paid to the practicality of filing a declaration for the previous year by persons who have ceased activities related to the performance of state or local government functions or other activities specified in subparagraphs “a”, “c” and “d” of paragraph 2 of the first part of Article 3 of the Law mentioned above. It also substantiates the need to include the State Bureau of Investigation in the list of specially authorized subjects combating corruption.
ОЦЕНКА ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ОТКЛОНЕНИЙ МЕЖДУ МРТ- И КТ-ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯМИ ПРИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ РАДИОХИРУРГИИ
Authors: Заволович Б. Д. , Банникова И. И. , Далечина А. В. , Костюченко В. В. , Рябов П. Н. , Голанов А. В.
Published: December 2023

МРТ (магнитно-резонансная томография) играет важнейшую роль при планировании радиохирургического лечения. С помощью МРТ создается контур мишени для облучения и критических структур. Этот метод визуализации позволяет с высокой точностью определить границы патологического очага, однако существуют определенные факторы (неоднородность постоянного магнитного поля, нелинейность поля градиента и т. д.), из-за которых МРТ-изображения более восприимчивы к пространственным искажениям в сравнении с изображениями, полученными посредством компьютерной томографии (КТ). Определение геометрических искажений на МРТ-изображениях – важнейший этап обеспечения точности радиохирургического лечения. Один из способов определения дисторсии заключается в выполнении МРТ- и КТ-сканирования специального фантома, внутри которого находятся пластиковые стержни и дальнейшем анализе положения стержней на МРТ- и КТ-изображениях. Как правило, сравнение МРТ- и КТ-изображений фантома проводится визуально, что является довольно субъективной и неточной оценкой. Цель нашей работы заключалась в разработке программного обеспечения (ПО) для автоматизации выполнения данного теста по гарантии качества МРТ-исследования. С помощью разработанного программного обеспечения было проведено сравнение МРТ в двух режимах T1 и T2 с результатами КТ. Было показано, что отклонения МРТ Т1 и Т2 от КТ превышали 1 мм в 3.5 % случаев и 0.1 % соответственно. Был проведен анализ направлений и величин отклонений по всему объему фантома. Наибольшие отклонения наблюдаются в нижней правой части аксиального среза фантома и преимущественно направлены к верхней левой части среза в случае Т1 и к верху среза в случае Т2. Данные результаты позволяют проводить планирование радиохирургического лечения. Использование данного ПО в клинической практике поможет ускорить проведение теста и устранить субъективные оценки смещений.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРОФИЛЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПУЧКА
Authors: Банщикова М. А. , Булавская А. А. , Григорьева А. А. , Милойчикова И. А. , Стучебров С. Г.
Published: December 2023

В настоящее время лучевая терапия является одним из методов лечения онкологических заболеваний. В данном методе ионизирующее излучение воздействует на раковые клетки, обеспечивая замедление их воспроизведения, однако при этом облучению подвергаются и здоровые ткани. Поэтому важным этапом планирования лечения является обеспечение контроля над энергетическим распределением пучка в каждой точке. В этих целях создаются различные детекторы, позволяющие определить поперечный профиль пучка. Однако большинство из них сами по себе не отвечают всем требованиям к современным медицинским детекторам, в числе которых обеспечение наилучшего энергетического и пространственного разрешения, а также небольшое время обработки данных и получения результата. Решением данной проблемы является метод многоуглового сканирования. Данный метод основан на многократном поступательном перемещении детектора в плоскости перпендикулярной оси пучка под разными углами. Далее необходимо осуществить восстановление изображения интенсивностей в виде пикселей различной яркости в градациях серого из полученных в эксперименте данных. Цель данной работы – оценка применимости основных видов математических преобразований для реализации метода многоуглового сканирования. В данной статье представлены результаты сравнения итерационного метода и метода обратного проецирования с фильтрацией при наличии полного и ограниченного количества данных. Установлено, что метод обратного проецирования с фильтрацией показывает меньшую точность при наличии большого количества данных, однако обеспечивает лучшее качество изображения при наличии меньшего количества данных в сравнении с итерационным методом.
Analisis Pesan Moral Berdasarkan Stratifikasi Sosial Tokoh Dalam Film Animasi Soul (2020)
Authors: Lazuardo Al Farouq , Kistanto Nurdien Harry
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pesan moral hubungan antara manusia dengan entitas lain yang disebut Soul atau Jiwa berdasarkan stratifikasi sosial tokoh yang terjadi dalam film Soul. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah film animasi berjudul Soul yang disutradarai oleh Pete Docter yang tayang pada akhir tahun 2020. Data penelitian ini adalah kata, frasa, klausa, kalimat, maupun paragraf yang berkenaan dengan pesan moral hubungan manusia dengan entitas lain yang disebut Soul berdasarkan stratifikasi sosial tokoh tersebut dari film Soul. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik studi pustaka. Hasil temuan pada artikel ini adalah bahwa dalam film yang disutradarai Pete Docter yang diteliti untuk jenis pesan moral hubungan manusia dengan entitas lain yaitu Jiwa yang paling mendominasi adalah mawas diri dan menikmati hidup setiap menitnya. Kesimpulan tersebut diperoleh berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan beserta kutipan yang diambil dalam film tersebut karya Pete Docter.
Speaking dalam Berita Daring Kompas.Com Mengenai Covid-19 Selama Kurun Waktu Februari 2020-Februari 2021
Authors: Herlina Eli , Juidah Imas
Published: December 2023

Salah satu topik hangat yang diberitakan hampir seluruh media massa, tak terkecuali portal berita daring kompas.com adalah berita mengenai virus corona atau covid-19. Peristiwa-peristiwa mengenai virus corona dikemas menjadi berbagai wacana sehingga orang ‘percaya’ dengan berita yang disajikan. Analisis wacana terhadap berita-berita tersebut diperlukan, karena dapat mempertimbangkan konteks dari wacana, seperti peristiwa, kondisi, latar, dan situasi wacana. Konteks tersebut dikenal dengan akronim speaking Dell Hymes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konteks speaking Dell Hymes yang terdapat dalam portal berita daring kompas.com mengenai covid-19 selama kurun waktu Februari 2020-Februari 2021. Berikut hasil penelitian: kesatu, pengambilan berita dari beberapa waktu terjadinya tuturan dimaksudkan untuk memberikan informasi perkembangan mengenai covid-19. Kedua, para penutur ke-38 berita tersebut sebagian banyak berasal dari pemerintahan atau pihak berwenang dan atau ahli di bidangnya masing-masing. Ketiga, hasil yang diharapkan oleh penutur dan pesan yang ingin disampaikan penutur tersampaikan dengan jelas di dalam setiap isi berita. Keempat, cara penyampaian penutur didominasi dengan cara serius. Kelima, sarana atau instrumen penyampaian informasi ke-38 berita tersebut dengan media tulis. Keenam, norma penyampaiannya yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu secara singkat. Ketujuh, jenis atau bentuk wacana yang disampaikan, lebih banyak berbentuk wacana eksposisi.
Sikap Bahasa Masyarakat Tutur Bahasa Melayu Dialek Sambas di Desa Sungai Itik Kec. Sungai Kakap, Kab. Kubu Raya
Authors: Alimin A A , Yuniarti Netty
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur dan mendeskripsikan sikap bahasa masyarakat tutur Bahasa Melayu Dialek Sambas yang terdapat di Desa Sungai Itik, Kec. Sungai Kakap, Kab. Kubu Raya. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pada penelitian dideskripsikan bentuk sikap BMDS pada masyarakat tutur melalui perhitungan statistik sederhana dalam menentukan pernyataan sikap bahasa positif atau negatif. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat tutur di Dusun Melati lebih tepatnya masyarakat yang menetap di sepanjang Parit Cek Minah, yaitu RT 7, RT 8, dan RT 23 yang melibatkan 20 Responden. Teknik pengumpulan dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi tidak langsung (pengisian angket) diperkuat dengan teknik komunikasi langsung/interview, serta teknik catat dan rekam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan masyarakat tutur BMDS yang ada di Desa Sungai Itik memiliki Sikap Positif Terhadap Bahasanya sendiri dan sikap positif tersebut juga ditunjukan terhadap bahasa Indonesia meskipun masih jauh dibawah BMDS. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa masyarakat tersebut memiliki sikap kebanggaan berbahasa, kesetiaan berbahasa dan kesadaran akan norma bahasa jauh lebih tinggi terhadap BMDS dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain. Berdasarkan analisis data, sikap bahasa penutur terhadap BMDS pada aspek: 1. kebanggaan menggunakan BMDS diperoleh skor persentase rata-rata 90,  2. Aspek Kesetiaan menggunakan BMDS dengan skor persentase rata-rata 82, 3. Aspek kesadaran akan norma diperoleh skor persentase rata-rata 74. Sedangkan pada sikap bahasa penutur terhadap Bahasa Indonesia pada aspek: 1. Kebanggaan menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia diperoleh skor persentase rata-rata 78,  2. Aspek Kesetiaan menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dengan skor persentase rata-rata 70, 3. Aspek kesadaran akan norma diperoleh skor persentase rata-rata 68