bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of CT Findings with clinical severity in Patients with COVID-19, a multicenter Cohort observational study
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Hongxia , Yu Nan , Hou Qing , Zhu Li , Li Honglun , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Zhi , Gao Liu , Wang Yimin , Dai Rufen , Guo Xiaojuan , Guo Youmin
Published: April 2020

Background

2019 Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may cause critical illness including severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our purpose is to was to analyze the radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia and its association with clinical severity.
Methods

This retrospective study included 212 patients (122 males, Mean age, 45.6 ± 12.8 years) from 10 hospitals. Chest CT, chest X-ray (CXR), clinical and laboratory data at admission and follow-up CT were collected. Chest CT and CXR were reviewed and CT score of the involved lung was calculated.
Results

94.3% patients had pneumonia on the baseline CT at admission. The most CT findings were as follows: GGO (140/200), GGO with consolidation (38/200) and consolidation (16/200) most involving the lower lobes with a predilection for the peripheral aspects. The CT score negatively correlated with Lymphocyte count while it positively correlated with C-reactive protein. ROC curve showed an optimal cutoff value of the CT score of 15 had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 96.5% for the prediction of severe status. Series CT showed GGO or consolidation gradually reduced in 52 patients while 6 patients had reticular opacities. 14 patients showed the normal CXR while GGO were found on CT.
Conclusion

COVID-19 pneumonia manifests as focal, multifocal ground-glass opacities with/without consolidations. Higher CT score correlated severe clinical status. CXR is yet insufficient for evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Temperature, Air Pollution and Fatal Unintentional Injuries in Jiangsu Province China, 2015-2017
Authors: Robertson Leon , Zhou Lian , Chen Kai
Published: April 2020

Background The correlation of unintentional injury mortality to rising temperatures found in several studies could result from changes in behavior that increases exposure to hazards or risk when exposed. An increase of .82 degrees (C) daily maximum temperature in Jiangsu Province, China from 2015 through 2017 provides the opportunity to study further this phenomenon including a potential effect of air pollution. Air pollutants may cause symptoms and distractions that increase risk and avoidance behavior that reduces risk. This study examines data that allows estimates of the effects of temperature, precipitation and five air pollutants on injury mortality risk, each corrected statistically for the potential effects of the others.Methods Daily data on unintentional injury deaths and exposures to temperature, precipitation and pollutants from 9 cities in Jiangsu Province, China during 2015-2017 were analyzed using logistic regression. Application of the regression equations to 2016 and 2017 data substituting 2015 values for each of the predictor variables respectively was used to estimate changes in deaths related to changes in the risk factors.Results Unintentional injury death risk was unrelated to temperature when temperatures were below 25 degrees (C) but increased substantially in relation to higher temperatures. The correlations mainly occurred for non-transport injuries. Fatal injury risk was higher in relation to higher concentrations of PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 in certain temperature ranges but lower in relation to higher concentrations of CO in the lowest and highest temperature ranges. Lower risk was associated with O 3 at low temperatures but higher risk at high temperatures. Risk was lower on weekends but higher on holidays when temperatures were moderate.Conclusions The increase in fatal unintentional injuries from 2015 through 2017 was substantially related to the rise in average maximum daily temperature. Negative associations of certain pollutants, particularly O 3, with injury risk suggests the possibility that changes in behavior to avoid those pollutants also results in lower injury risk. Most pollutants, however, are related to increased risk.
Aid for Trade, Export Product Diversification and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: GNANGNON Sèna Kimm
Published: April 2020

The few existing studies on the relationship between Aid for Trade (AfT) flows and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows tend to report a positive effect of total AfT flows, in particular of Aid flows for building economic infrastructure, on FDI inflows. The present article aims to complement these works by investigating whether the effect of AfT flows on inward FDI stock depends on recipient-countries' level of export product concentration. The empirical analysis has shown that AfT flows exert a strong positive effect on inward FDI stock in countries that experience a high level of export product concentration. These findings are relevant for developing countries in light of the concentration of their export products on primary commodities, and given the strong role of FDI flows for employment generation, economic growth and development in these countries.
Introduction of a Radiologic Severity Index for the 2019 Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19)
Authors: Lotfi Mehrzad , Sefidbakht Sepideh , Moghadami Mohsen , Iranpour Pouya , Emami Yasaman , Jafari Seyed Hamed , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Ranjbar Keivan , Emami Mehrdad , Erfani Amirhossein , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: April 2020

Background: Given the limited number of beds in intensive care units, establishing a system that can predict the outcome in COVID19 positive patients based on imaging plays an important role in using resources efficiently. Therefor this study was conducted to design an optimal scoring system related to the severity of COVID19 cases for distinguishing severe from non-severe patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 82 patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, who had at least one chest CT scan in hospital course were enrolled.To assess the severity of pulmonary parenchymal involvement, we semi-quantitatively evaluated the extent and nature of abnormalities. The area of lung involvement was scored in three levels based on a 0-4 grading scale. Also, we established a 4-point scoring system for defining the nature of lung abnormalities. The two scores were multiplied by each other. A final radiologic severity score was determined after adding together the scores of all levels.Result: Of all cases, fifty-three (64.6%) were male with an average age of age 53.75. Among the patients in our study, 7 (8.5%) had severe disease and the mortality rate was 7.2%. The mean (±standard deviation) of the radiologic severity score was 34.3(±18.4) in the severe group and 11.3(±11.4) in the non-sever group. (P-value <0.05). Also, we found a significant reverse relationship between our severity score and O2 saturation (P-value <0.05).Conclusion: The radiologic severity score demonstrated a significant correlation with the patients' mortality and severity of illness in COVID-19 patients.
Análise da parceria público-privada no sistema penitenciário brasileiro
Authors: FUGIO Flávia Brigliadori
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo analisa a privatização de presídios, com base em experiências de países pioneiros na prática de modalidades de Parceria Público-Privada, assim como alguns presídios já privatizados no Brasil. A incorporação de tal modalidade de gestão é resultado da intenção do Estado em solucionar a crise do sistema penitenciário, o qual demonstra pouca eficácia na reinserção dos indivíduos na sociedade, além de infringir a dignidade das pessoas presas. O artigo segue uma visão crítica quanto ao mercado do crime instaurado e controlado por empresas, as quais buscam o lucro e o crescimento de sua atuação, acima dos interesses sociais.
Kharkiv: The Elusive City
Authors: Kravchenko Volodymyr , Musiyezdov Oleksiy
Published: April 2020

Guest editors' introduction to the special thematic issue "Kharkiv: The City of Diversity."
Urban Identity in (Post)Modern Cities: A Case Study of Kharkiv and Lviv
Authors: Musiyezdov Oleksiy , Maryniak (trans.) Ksenia
Published: April 2020

This article aims to highlight the results of an empirical study of urban identity that was conducted by the author in Kharkiv and Lviv. The theoretical underpinnings of this research are based on the ideas of Manuel Castells and Zygmunt Bauman, as well as others. They assert that under the conditions of (post)modern society, groups which are involved in one way or another in the global post-industrial economy interpret cities and their relationship with them in a variety of ways—in other words, their definitions of urban identity vary. The author’s hypothesis is generally confirmed that groups will interpret their connection to a city in distinct ways: representatives of different groups will differ in their interpretation of the question of what it means to be an “urbanite” or a “true [insert city name]-ian,” in their ways of participating in the resolution of urban issues, etc. The unique features of the sampled Ukrainian cities (Kharkiv, Lviv) are described. The confirmation of the hypothesis serves as an argument in favour of considering urban identity in the context of an “imagined community.” Under such consideration, a city comprises not a “local community” but an aggregate of groups that consider the city to be “theirs” and defend their “right to the city” based on their individual image of the world, which depends on their social, cultural, and economic conditions.
Percepciones y sentidos de lo sagrado en las generaciones digitales
Authors: Ballares-Burgos Jorge , Avilés-Salvador Mauro
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la percepción y el sentido de lo sagrado en los adolescentes y jóvenes mediados por el uso de la tecnología, el internet y las redes sociales. A partir de una aproximación a las generaciones digitales y su percepción sobre lo sagrado en los jóvenes mediados por la tecnología, se realiza un acercamiento a investigaciones sobre la religión y la cultura digital. Lo sagrado se construye y se manifiesta en espacios alternativos fuera de las instituciones tradicionales como el internet y las redes sociales. El ciberespacio permite que lo sagrado se acerque al ser humano en la búsqueda de Dios.
Deep learning convolutional neural network in rainfall–runoff modelling
Authors: Van Song Pham , Le Hoang Minh , Thanh Dat Vi , Dang Thanh Duc , Loc Ho Huu , Anh Duong Tran
Published: April 2020

Rainfall–runoff modelling is complicated due to numerous complex interactions and feedback in the water cycle among precipitation and evapotranspiration processes, and also geophysical characteristics. Consequently, the lack of geophysical characteristics such as soil properties leads to difficulties in developing physical and analytical models when traditional statistical methods cannot simulate rainfall–runoff accurately. Machine learning techniques with data-driven methods, which can capture the nonlinear relationship between prediction and predictors, have been rapidly developed in the last decades and have many applications in the field of water resources. This study attempts to develop a novel 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning technique, with a ReLU activation function for rainfall–runoff modelling. The modelling paradigm includes applying two convolutional filters in parallel to separate time series, which allows for the fast processing of data and the exploitation of the correlation structure between the multivariate time series. The developed modelling framework is evaluated with measured data at Chau Doc and Can Tho hydro-meteorological stations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The proposed model results are compared with simulations of long short-term memory (LSTM) and traditional models. Both CNN and LSTM have better performance than the traditional models, and the statistical performance of the CNN model is slightly better than the LSTM results. We demonstrate that the convolutional network is suitable for regression-type problems and can effectively learn dependencies in and between the series without the need for a long historical time series, is a time-efficient and easy to implement alternative to recurrent-type networks and tends to outperform linear and recurrent models.
Discharge coefficients for ogee weirs including the effects of a sloping upstream face
Authors: Salmasi Farzin , Abraham John
Published: April 2020

Discharge coefficients (C0) for ogee weirs are essential factors for predicting the discharge-head relationship. The present study investigates three influences on the C0: effect of approach depth, weir upstream face slope, and the actual head, which may differ from the design head. This study uses experimental data with multiple non-linear regression techniques and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) models that are applied to introduce practical equations that can be used for design. Results show that the GEP method is superior to the regression analysis for predicting the discharge coefficient. Performance criteria for GEP are R2 = 0.995, RMSE = 0.021 and MAE = 0.015. Design examples are presented that show that the proposed GEP equation correlates well with the data and eliminates linear interpolation using existing graphs.
Chemical Constituents and Uses of Calotropis Procera and Calotropis Gigantea – A Review (Part I – The Plants as Material and Energy Resources)
Authors: Al Sulaibi Mazen A. M. , Thiemann Carolin , Thiemann Thies
Published: April 2020

The traditional and current use ofCalotropis proceraandC. gigantea, two soft-wooded, xerophytic shrubs of the familyApocynaceae, are reviewed against the background of the plants' chemical constituents and their biological properties. The focus is on the usage of the plants for building materials, natural pesticides, animal feed and bioremediative purposes.
Engagement and Clinical Improvement Among Older Adult Primary Care Patients Using a Mobile Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Case Studies
Authors: Orr L Casey , Graham Andrea K , Mohr David C , Greene Carolyn J
Published: April 2020

Background

Technology-based mental health interventions are an increasingly attractive option for expanding access to mental health services within the primary care system. Older adults are among the groups that could potentially benefit from the growing ubiquity of technology-based mental health interventions; however, older adults are perceived to be averse to using technology and have reported barriers to use.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to present a case study of 3 participants from a clinical trial evaluating IntelliCare, an evidence-based mobile intervention for depression and anxiety, among adults recruited from primary care clinics. Our report of these 3 participants, who were aged 60 years or older, focuses on their engagement with the IntelliCare service (ie, app use, coach communication) and clinical changes in depression or anxiety symptoms over the intervention period.

Methods

The 3 case study participants were offered IntelliCare with coaching for 8 weeks. The intervention consisted of 5 treatment intervention apps that support a variety of psychological skills, a Hub app that contained psychoeducational content and administered weekly assessments, and coaching for encouragement, accountability, and technical assistance as needed. The 3 case study participants were selected to reflect the overall demographics of participants within the trial and because their interactions with IntelliCare provided a good illustration of varied experiences regarding engagement with the intervention.

Results

The 3 participants’ unique experiences with the intervention are described. Despite potential barriers and experiencing some technical glitches, the participants showed proficient ability to use the apps, high levels of participation through frequent app use and coach interaction, and decreased depression and anxiety scores. At the end of the 8-week intervention, each of these 3 participants expressed great enthusiasm for the benefit of this program through feedback to their coach, and they each identified a number of ways they had seen improvements in themselves.

Conclusions

These 3 cases provide examples of older individuals who engaged with and benefitted from the IntelliCare service. Although the results from these 3 cases may not generalize to others, they provide an important, informed perspective of the experiences that can contribute to our understanding of how older adults use and overcome barriers to mental health technologies. The findings also contribute toward the ultimate goal of ensuring that the IntelliCare intervention is appropriate for individuals of all ages.
Optimizing the Analytical Value of Oncology-Related Data Based on an In-Memory Analysis Layer: Development and Assessment of the Munich Online Comprehensive Cancer Analysis Platform
Authors: Nasseh Daniel , Schneiderbauer Sophie , Lange Michael , Schweizer Diana , Heinemann Volker , Belka Claus , Cadenovic Ranko , Buysse Laurence , Erickson Nicole , Mueller Michael , Kortuem Karsten , Niyazi Maximilian , Marschner Sebastian , Fey Theres
Published: April 2020

Background

Many comprehensive cancer centers incorporate tumor documentation software supplying structured information from the associated centers’ oncology patients for internal and external audit purposes. However, much of the documentation data included in these systems often remain unused and unknown by most of the clinicians at the sites.

Objective

To improve access to such data for analytical purposes, a prerollout of an analysis layer based on the business intelligence software QlikView was implemented. This software allows for the real-time analysis and inspection of oncology-related data. The system is meant to increase access to the data while simultaneously providing tools for user-friendly real-time analytics.

Methods

The system combines in-memory capabilities (based on QlikView software) with innovative techniques that compress the complexity of the data, consequently improving its readability as well as its accessibility for designated end users. Aside from the technical and conceptual components, the software’s implementation necessitated a complex system of permission and governance.

Results

A continuously running system including daily updates with a user-friendly Web interface and real-time usage was established. This paper introduces its main components and major design ideas. A commented video summarizing and presenting the work can be found within the Multimedia Appendix.

Conclusions

The system has been well-received by a focus group of physicians within an initial prerollout. Aside from improving data transparency, the system’s main benefits are its quality and process control capabilities, knowledge discovery, and hypothesis generation. Limitations such as run time, governance, or misinterpretation of data are considered.
Applicability of an Automated Model and Parameter Selection in the Prediction of Screening-Level PTSD in Danish Soldiers Following Deployment: Development Study of Transferable Predictive Models Using Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Karstoft Karen-Inge , Tsamardinos Ioannis , Eskelund Kasper , Andersen Søren Bo , Nissen Lars Ravnborg
Published: April 2020

Background

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively common consequence of deployment to war zones. Early postdeployment screening with the aim of identifying those at risk for PTSD in the years following deployment will help deliver interventions to those in need but have so far proved unsuccessful.

Objective

This study aimed to test the applicability of automated model selection and the ability of automated machine learning prediction models to transfer across cohorts and predict screening-level PTSD 2.5 years and 6.5 years after deployment.

Methods

Automated machine learning was applied to data routinely collected 6-8 months after return from deployment from 3 different cohorts of Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan in 2009 (cohort 1, N=287 or N=261 depending on the timing of the outcome assessment), 2010 (cohort 2, N=352), and 2013 (cohort 3, N=232).

Results

Models transferred well between cohorts. For screening-level PTSD 2.5 and 6.5 years after deployment, random forest models provided the highest accuracy as measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 2.5 years, AUC=0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.83; 6.5 years, AUC=0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.83. Linear models performed equally well. Military rank, hyperarousal symptoms, and total level of PTSD symptoms were highly predictive.

Conclusions

Automated machine learning provided validated models that can be readily implemented in future deployment cohorts in the Danish Defense with the aim of targeting postdeployment support interventions to those at highest risk for developing PTSD, provided the cohorts are deployed on similar missions.
Two Decades of Research Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Claims Data: Bibliometric and Text Mining Analysis on PubMed
Authors: Sung Sheng-Feng , Hsieh Cheng-Yang , Hu Ya-Han
Published: April 2020

Background

Studies using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data have expanded rapidly both in quantity and quality during the first decade following the first study published in 2000. However, some of these studies were criticized for being merely data-dredging studies rather than hypothesis-driven. In addition, the use of claims data without the explicit authorization from individual patients has incurred litigation.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether the research output during the second decade after the release of the NHI claims database continues growing, to explore how the emergence of open access mega journals (OAMJs) and lawsuit against the use of this database affect the research topics and publication volume and to discuss the underlying reasons.

Methods

PubMed was used to locate publications based on NHI claims data between 1996 and 2017. Concept extraction using MetaMap was employed to mine research topics from article titles. Research trends were analyzed from various aspects, including publication amount, journals, research topics and types, and cooperation between authors.

Results

A total of 4473 articles were identified. A rapid growth in publications was witnessed from 2000 to 2015, followed by a plateau. Diabetes, stroke, and dementia were the top 3 most popular research topics whereas statin therapy, metformin, and Chinese herbal medicine were the most investigated interventions. Approximately one-third of the articles were published in open access journals. Studies with two or more medical conditions, but without any intervention, were the most common study type. Studies of this type tended to be contributed by prolific authors and published in OAMJs.

Conclusions

The growth in publication volume during the second decade after the release of the NHI claims database was different from that during the first decade. OAMJs appeared to provide fertile soil for the rapid growth of research based on NHI claims data, in particular for those studies with two or medical conditions in the article title. A halt in the growth of publication volume was observed after the use of NHI claims data for research purposes had been restricted in response to legal controversy. More efforts are needed to improve the impact of knowledge gained from NHI claims data on medical decisions and policy making.
Disease burden of schizophrenia patients visiting a Chinese regional mental health centre
Authors: Zhong Qiuping , Tan Yuxi , Chen Wendong , Huang Huiqing , Huang Jing , Li Sujuan , Teng Ziwei , Shen Manjun , Wu Chujun , Wang Lu , Cao Song , Chen Jindong , Wu Haishan , Tang Hui
Published: April 2020

Aim & methods:
A decision-analytic model was constructed to simulate a real-world cohort of Chinese patients visiting a Chinese regional mental health center for long-term health outcomes and direct medical costs.
Results:
When compared with age and gender-matched general population, the Chinese patients with schizophrenia were associated with reduced overall survival by 20.6 years (27.6 vs 48.2 years) and reduced quality-adjusted life years (QALY) by 18.4 QALY (18.4 vs 36.8 QALY), respectively, and increased lifetime direct medical costs by about three-times (US$84,324 vs 33,387 as of 31 December 2017) on average.
Conclusion:
The burden of schizophrenia was mainly driven by the mortality associated with relapsed schizophrenia and direct medical costs for schizophrenia in local mental health rehabilitation institutes.
Memorias e imaginarios del ciclo pesquero entre los tripulantes industriales del puerto de Iquique, norte de Chile (1960-1990)
Authors: Aguirre-Munizaga Claudio , Mondaca-Rojas Carlos
Published: April 2020

The fishing industry in Iquique went through different cycles of abundance and shortage, mainly by the vagaries of the market and the nature, which were marking the industry along its history. Within this context, we are analysing the reports and social imaginary on this new stage of the economic region, from its principal actors, the industrial fishermen from the port of Iquique (known as "crew"), and taking into account the set of practices, labor and cultural, class and gender. We infer that conform four imaginary collectives of differentiation introduced since the basis of its specificity of labor, which is going to be subject to the transformation of the mining technology and market (economic boom), generating new social changes among the crew and their cultural practices heterogeneous.
Ir detrás del pez
Authors: Adomilli Gianpaolo
Published: April 2020

This article deals about territoriality processes related to the ethno-cultural configuration of fishing villages of the south coast of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, through migratory flux, partly triggered by conflicts related to the port-industrial and agro industrial expansion on the fishing territories of the coastal zone, as well as the development of the fishing market. Faced with these situations of change, survival strategies of these groups were taking place, leading in turn to the integration and cultural diffusion among different ethnic groups, considering their work practices and their kinship logic. Thus, I seek to present processes of migratory flows of ethnic groups mainly by the way of territorial conflicts and by the native orientation of "going behind the fish". It also points to the configuration of a "territory of the socially excluded", where the beach offers possibility of surviving these groups, through working and relationships between local communities, to those who come from outside. Then, I treat to approaching the formation of the ethnic configuration of that region as a creative practice and of cultural resistance, in this way the question of the cultural heritage is articulated with the dynamism of the way of life.
Análisis histórico genético de la población de la región de Antofagasta revela discontinuidad en la costa y valles interiores
Authors: De Saint Pierre Michelle , Faure Echeverría Macarena , Morales Héctor
Published: April 2020

Studies of genetic markers of uniparental inheritance, such as mitochondrial DNA have been used successfully to study the settlement, history and origins of human populations. In the Chilean population, most published articles on the subject have been carried out with populations from southern Chile, leaving a gap on our knowledge about northern populations. In order to delve into population dynamics of the coast and interior valleys of the Antofagasta region, we analyzed 207 individuals from the cities of Antofagasta and Calama, to determine the frequency of mitochondrial haplogroups in each one. The results show a significant difference between the coast and the valleys; despite their geographical proximity, the genetic differences between them suggest they can be considered different population units. These differences probably result from the social and cultural patterns of these populations in the past, which, due to their kinship networks, were developing different ways of life over time: the coast and the puna lifestyles, leaving a biological imprint that lasts to this day.
THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION IN BLOODLINE INTO “GARIS DARAH”
Authors: Hendrawati Putu Astari , Budiarta I Wayan
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The aims of this thesis are to figure out the techniques and process of translation of English idiom into Indonesian Language. The data were taken from a Novel by Sidney Sheldon entitled “Bloodline” and its translation Garis Darah. The collected data was analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative methods. The data of this study were collected by identifying and classifying the data based on the idioms and translation procedures by using Hocket (1958). Another theory is from Vinay & Dalbernet’s (1995) and also supported by a theory proposed by Catford (1978). Through classification based on the theory there are three types of idioms, they are English phrasal compound that is divided into three parts such as the close form, the hyphenated form and the open form; figure of speech that is divided into four parts such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor, and personification; and slang. All types of idioms are applied in this thesis and it is found there are 289 data. The close form is 3, the hyphenated form is 16, the open form is 11, simile with 42 data, metaphor and personification are 26, hyperbole is 33, and slang is 132 data. On the other hand, there are seven techniques of translation according to the theory, they are borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, modulation, adaptation, and equivalence. All techniques are applied in this thesis. The most dominant translation technique that is applied in this thesis is adaptation with the percentage of 33,5% (97 data), the second is literal with 33,2% (96 data), modulation and equivalence has same percentage as 10,3% (30 data), transposition is 9,3% (27 data), borrowing with 2,76% (8 data), and the last is calque with 0,34% (1 data).

Keywords: techniques of translation, idiomatic expression, languages
Excitation Functions for the Proton Irradiation on 45ScTarget
Authors: SHUKUR NOORI Susan , AKKURT İskender , DEMIR Nurdan Karpuz
Published: April 2020

In the nuclear
medicine for the positron emission tomography, the injected positron emitter
leads to two 511 keV γ-rays. One of the most promising radionuclide is 45Sc.
In this study, the main purpose was to investigate the excitation functions for
the reactions 45Sc (p, x). TALYS 1.6 nuclear reaction simulation
code was used for the excitation functions. These calculated excitation
functions have been discussed and compared with each other and with Experimental
Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR).
Analysis of TSP: Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm Approaches
Authors: BOTSALI Ahmet Reha , ALAYKIRAN Kemal
Published: April 2020

This paper analyzes the performance of the popular heuristic methods ‘Simulated Annealing (SA)’ and ‘Genetic Algorithm (GA)’  on  the symmetric TSP.  TSP is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem in NP-complete class. NP-completeness of TSP originates many specific approximation algorithms to find optimal or near optimal solutions in a reasonable time. On the other hand, both SA and GA are general purpose heuristic methods that are applicable to almost every kind of problem whose solution lies inside a search space. The performance of SA and GA depends on many factors such as the nature of the problem, design of the algorithm, parameter values, etc. In this paper, a GA and an SA algorithm are given  and their performance with re-spect to several factors is analyzed. The algorithms are tested on some benchmark problems (TSPLIB) which are obtainable via Internet from http://elib.zib.de/pub/mp-testdata/tsp/tsplib/tsp/index.html.
Классификация особенностей типа седло-фокус
Authors: Козлов Иван Константинович , Ошемков Андрей Александрович
Published: April 2020

В работе приводится алгоритм топологической классификации невырожденных особенностей типа седло-фокус интегрируемых гамильтоновых систем с тремя степенями свободы с точностью до полулокальной эквивалентности. В частности, мы доказываем, что любую особенность типа седло-фокус можно представить в виде почти прямого произведения, в котором действующая группа циклическая. На основе построенного алгоритма получен полный список особенностей типа седло-фокус сложности 1, 2 и 3, т. е. особенностей с одной, двумя или тремя особыми точками ранга 0 на слое. Ранее обе особенности типа седло-фокус сложности 1 были также описаны Л. М. Лерманом.
Теорема о среднем значении тригонометрических сумм на последовательности многочленов биномиального типа
Authors: Чубариков Владимир Николаевич
Published: April 2020

Доказана теорема о среднем для тригонометрических сумм на последовательности многочленов биномиального типа. Как известно, классическая теорема И. М. Виноградова о среднем [10] относится к последовательности многочленов вида $\{x^n, n\geq 0\}.$Важным приложением найденной теоремы о среднем являются оценки сумм вида$$\sum_{m\leq P}e^{2\pi if(m)}, f(m)=\sum_{k=0}^n\alpha_kp_k(m),$$где $p_k(x)$ - последовательность целозначных многочленов биномиального типа,а набор чисел $(\alpha_1\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)$ представляет собой точку $n$-мерного единичного куба $\Omega: 0\leq \alpha_1,\dots,$ $\alpha_n<1.$
ПМП, (ко)присоединённое представление и нормальные геодезические левоинвариантных (суб)финслеровых метрик на группах Ли
Authors: Берестовский Валерий Николаевич , Зубарева Ирина Александровна
Published: April 2020

С помощью основ теории групп и алгебр Ли, их (ко)присоединенных представлений и принципа максимума Понтрягина для задачи оптимального быстродействия даны независимое обоснование методов геодезического векторного поля поиска геодезических левоинвариантных (суб)финслеровых метрик на группах Ли и поиска соответствующих локально оптимальных управлений в (суб)римановом случае, а также несколько их применений.
Дифференциальные включения с производными в среднем, имеющие асферические правые части
Authors: Гликлих Юрий Евгеньевич
Published: April 2020

На плоском n-мерном торе изучаются стохастические дифференциальные включения с производными в среднем, у которых правые части имеют, вообще говоря, не выпуклые (асферические) значения. Выделен подкласс таких включений, для которых существует последовательность $\varepsilon$-аппроксимаций, поточечно сходящаяся к измеримому по Борелю селектору. На этой основе получена теорема существования решения.
Peppers & More1: a teaching case in organizational behavior
Authors: Rombach Meike , Paul Shema E. , Niedermann Lukas F. , Bitsch Vera
Published: April 2020

The teaching case discusses a number of organizational challenges faced by a German vegetable producer. Two business consultants were hired to assist and to explore the situation in the new production facility at Peppers & More. While the CEO assumed the employees were not motivated, the consultants uncovered that various employees’ behavior, as well as a structural problem contributed to the tense situation in the production facility. During the period of analysis, it becomes apparent that there is a communication problem between the production manager and the foremen. The setup of the job rotation system and conflicts between two foremen caused further irritation at the facility. At the end of each consulting day, the consultants and the readers have to link the challenges to motivation theory and provide recommendations how Peppers & More can cope with these challenges.
Design and optimization of perovskite plasmonic nano-laser for operation at room temperature
Authors: Bobba Swetha Sampath , Hamdouni Nisrine , Pande Kamna , Namassivayane Kejalakshmy , Agrawal Arti , Grattan Kenneth T. V.
Published: April 2020

This work presents the design and optimization of a cascade nano-laser using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. Due to increasing threshold gain with decreasing device size and high Auger losses, the use of perovskite as the active medium in the cascade nano-laser was proposed, as the material possesses a high emission rate in the visible wavelength region, with relative ease of device fabrication. By optimizing the thickness of the perovskite, its width, and the thickness of the silica used, photonic and plasmonic modes were created, which were further considered to permit the generation of lasing, using their respective Purcell factors. The pump wavelength considered was 400 nm, with the laser emission then at 537 nm. For suitability of plasmonic lasing, a Purcell factor FP of 1.22 is reported here, with no possibility for photonic lasing due to its FP value being less than 1 in this design. However, mode-crossing effects were observed in the plasmonic mode at λ = 400 nm for two designs: at a silica thickness of 27.5 nm with perovskite thickness and width of 100 and 300 nm, respectively, and at a silica thickness of 30 nm with perovskite thickness and width of 95 and 300 nm, respectively. These mode-crossing effects can be further analyzed to use these devices in the design of potential new sensor systems, mainly for gas and chemical sensing, exploiting the refractive index sensing capability as a means to determine the concentration of the gases, or other chemicals, under study.
IMPACTS OF CORRUPTION ON INNOVATION AND WELL-BEING ON COUNTRIES REPRESENTED IN THE ICIM BY OECD MEMBERS
Authors: Magalhães Kallita Ester , Portes Jerônimo Henrique , Domenech Arthur Molino , Junqueira Luciano A. Prates
Published: April 2020

Corruption is a treat to well-being, as showed in this article. The study compares statistically the OECD member states and cross check with the countries where the universities that contribute to the ICIM  (International Conference on Innovation and Management) are located. A statistically analyses of 39 countries using 13 selected indicators, some from the UNSDGs and others from the Observatory ORIBER 2 ,was applied seeking areas of the ICIM Proceedings that may be developing and deepening their research in order to contribute for a better global future.
THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION IN BRAZILIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Carvalho Alexey
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to bring to reflection the main influences of globalization in Brazilian higher education has occurred in the last two decades. A critical analysis of the relevant literature was made, addressing the main international organizations such as the World Bank (WB) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as well as its main guidelines for the education. Among the aspects analyzed, it is possible to verify a convergence of the guidelines of these organizations about the importance of Higher Education for economic development and the need to link the use of public resources to quality.
Central Asian Front during the Crimean War
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ku Chamyan
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on to the Central Asian front during the Crimean War. The role of the Central Asian region as a secondary front in the framework of Russian-English rivalry is shown. The interaction of Turkey, England and Kokand against Russian dominance in the East is analyzed. Moreover, the complex geopolitical relations of the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Great Britain in Central Asia of the XIX century are examined. The emphasis is placed on the Caucasian factor in the Crimean War and the main events of the conflict between Russia and Great Britain in Central Asia. The key moments of the policy of the Ottoman Empire in the North Caucasus during the Crimean War are estimated. The author draws attention to the fact that despite the agitation by Turkey and England of Kokand, the Bukhara, Khiva, and Kazakhs did not support anti-Russian politics. Furthermore, during the Crimean War, Iran complied with the neutrality convention, signed in 1854. It is concluded that Russia managed to maintain its dominance in the East despite the fact that it was defeated in the Crimean War. England could not prevent the advance of Russia to the East, which became more active after the Crimean War.
To the Question of Rap Popularity in Modern Russian Culture from the Psychoanalytic Positions
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University, Klochkov Mikhail Vyacheslavovich
Published: April 2020

The paper examines the social significance of rappers. This question is relevant for a lot of humanities. Based on the psychoanalytic method, the analysis of the phenomenon of popularity of rap in modern Russian society is carried out. In the course of the study, a rap clip is considered as a visualization of an artist’s work, providing the most complete disclosure of the semantic content of a creative work. The clip has the same mechanisms of censorship and expression of the experiences of a person, which are also characteristic of a dream. Two directions of rap creativity that are most interesting for the study are distinguished: acute social, the subject of which consciously analyzes his/her experiences, and infantile, in which the subject is closed from the analysis. A comparative analysis of clips in these directions reveals in detail the relationship of external symbols, attributes and text with the deep content of a piece of work, which meets a wide emotional response in society, in particular among young people due to the coincidence of the experiences of a performer and a listener. Rap is a way of forgetting, avoiding a neurosis or a way of solving and accepting a problem as a part of life experience.
Philosophy as an Academic Discipline for the Digital Generation
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University_, Krivykh Elena Georgievna
Published: April 2020

The problem presented for consideration is the adequacy of the transference of philosophical knowledge through information technologies in modern University practice. The problem requires a well-founded philosophical approach, since it involves the development of thinking, new intellectual strategies that arise as a result of the information revolution. The most obvious radical changes in the socio-psychological attitudes of students to perceive information are considered. The result of these changes is the formation of clip and rhizomatic thinking. In their comparison, the author draws attention to the conditionality of rhizomatic thinking by the hypertext organization of the electronic educational environment. The phenomenon of social media is considered in terms of the formation of effective mechanisms of collective thinking. The author draws attention to the specifics of philosophical knowledge, the ultimate abstractness and universality of which should nevertheless be based on stimulating the processes of empathy in educational activity, since emotional empathy structures personal knowledge and beliefs. As an effective methodological method that organizes the teaching process, the concept of open communication is aimed at a multilateral free dialogue aimed at self-development and the formation of intellectual capital. The author refers to the notions of network culture and transliteracy, which is formed in the context of universal culture and implies reliance on all types of communications created by mankind.
Intestinal echinococcosis in a dog from Missouri
Authors: Kuroki Keiichi , Morishima Yasuyuki , Neil Julie , Beerntsen Brenda T. , Matsumoto Jun , Stich Roger W.
Published: April 2020

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 17-week-old 14.4-kg (31.7-lb) female German Shepherd Dog from Missouri with a history of multiple intermittent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea underwent exploratory celiotomy.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

At the time of surgery, the dog was bright, alert, and responsive, with a tender abdomen and palpable mesenteric lymph nodes. Hematologic data revealed mild leukocytosis, mild hypoproteinemia, and mild hypoalbuminemia. Moderate petechiation of the jejunal serosa and prominent mesenteric lymph nodes, but no palpable obstructions, were found during surgery. Jejunal and lymph node biopsies were performed; histologic examination revealed multiple segments of adult cestodes up to 700 μm long in the jejunum. Segments had a scolex and contained approximately 30- to 35-μm-diameter ova, morphologically compatible with Echinococcus spp. Fecal flotation revealed numerous proglottids and ova similar to those recognized histologically. Results of PCR assays confirmed Echinococcus multilocularis of E4 haplotype (a European strain).

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Praziquantel (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], SC, once) was administered after surgery; treatments after hospital discharge included praziquantel (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, once). No proglottids or ova were observed by fecal flotation after the treatments. The dog remained healthy without gastrointestinal signs 1 year later.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The dog of this report had no travel history outside the state of Missouri. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of intestinal E multilocularis infection in a pet dog in the contiguous United States and first detection of a European strain of E multilocularis in this country. Findings suggested possible establishment of a European strain of this zoonotic pathogen in the contiguous United States.
Strategies for mitigating burnout among early career doctors in Nigeria: lessons learnt from the qualitative CHARTING study
Authors: Adebayo Oladimeji , Kanmodi Kehinde , Olaopa Olusegun , Fagbule Omotayo Francis , Adufe Iyanu , Adebayo Adeniyi Makinde , Oduyemi Ibiyemi , Amoo Abimbola , Omololu Ayanfe , Igbokwe Martin , Babalola Rereloluwa , Oiwoh Sebastine , Grillo Elizabeth , Buowari Dabota Yvonne , Egbuchulem Ifeanyichukwu , Umar Wasinda Francis , Ogunsuji Oluwaseyi , Ibrahim Yahya Abdulmajid
Published: April 2020

Background

Early career doctors (ECDs) are faced with many challenges due to their transition from undergraduate medical/dental studentship to being postgraduate doctors and being in an early phase of their career. The specific factors that affect ECDs in their careers and endeavors at the workplace range from poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries, to psychosocial problems (such as burnout [BO] syndrome). There is a dearth of information on BO among ECDs in Nigeria. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions of ECDs in Nigeria on the causal/predisposing factors of BO, effects of BO, and strategies for mitigating BO among ECDs in Nigeria.

Method

Using purposive sampling method, two sessions of focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 14 ECDs (key informants) holding key leadership positions and who were delegates of other ECDs in Nigeria were conducted to explore their experiences on psychological issues among ECDs. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed thematically.

Results

BO is an issue of serious concern among ECDs in Nigeria. The causes of BO are diverse, some of which include low staff strength, prolonged work hours, wrong counseling, lack of job description and specification, and abuse of powers by trainers. In order to mitigate the issue of BO among ECDs, the respondents recommended that work policy review, medical workforce strengthening, stakeholder dialog on ECDs’ welfare, regular psychological review of ECDs, and provision of free yearly medicals need to be looked into. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the participants considered BO issues among ECDs to be common, and it affected their performance and the overall quality of care in Nigeria health system. Based on our findings, there is an urgent need to mitigate the problem of emotional exhaustion among ECDs in Nigeria.