bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of storage on the structural-mechanical and sensory properties of pear alginate-carragean jelly
Authors: Manev Zdravko , Zhelyazkov Stoil , Petkova Nadezhda
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage on the structural-mechanical and sensory properties of pear alginate-carrageenan jelly during storage at different temperatures. The structural-mechanical and sensory characteristics of the fruit jellies were determined using a texture analyzer and sensory analysis. Sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan were used as gelling agents to prepare the jellies. The main raw material was pure pear juice without added dyes, sugars or preservatives. The storage conditions are 22ᵒC and refrigerated (3ᵒC) temperature for a storage period of up to 60 days. Eight types of structural-mechanical properties (rupture force, rupture deformation, tensile strength, hardness, rupture energy, toughness, Young’s modulus and adhesiveness) were determined and four the type of sensory characteristics (color, aroma, taste and texture) of alginate-carrageenan fruit jellies were evaluated. It was found that storage time and temperature have the greatest and most significant increasing effect on rupture force, compressive force and Young’s modulus and the opposite effect on rupture deformation and adhesiveness after 20 days of storage. The sensory properties of jellies are greatly influenced by both temperature and storage period. Color, aroma and flavor are better accepted by panelists and are preserved to a greater extent during refrigerated storage, while texture is better preserved at room temperature.
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and sustainable urban mobility in the development of the European museum business: a case study of Spain
Authors: Tsypko Victoria , Shcherbakova Nadiia , Riaboshtan Liudmyla
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of museums in Spain through the prism of the dynamic development of innovative technologies in society. The article reveals the tourist preference for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), which is a single digital travel platform that integrates all the necessary information. An important contribution to sustainable urban mobility is public transport, shared bike, shared e-moped, and shared car. These components, coupled with digital services offering route information to museums, information about museums, booking and purchasing tickets to museum complexes, form the basis and are the main MaaS bundle attributes. Methodology is based on scientific and special research methods. The methods used were analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization of economic and methodological sources. The authors examined the key properties of the processes of formation and development of museums as one of the most representative manifestations of the cultural heritage of society. The article addresses important issues of the tourism sector through the prism of the European museum sector, analyzing: historical aspects of the development of European social institutions of museum affairs, statistical indicators of the number of museums in European countries, emphasizing their key role in the dynamic development of tourism. To thoroughly analyze the development of European museums, the author examines one of the exemplary examples of creating a successful museum sector in Spain. It is proved that the effectiveness of the museum sector development largely depends on its integration into the socio-economic life of the country, accessibility for all social groups of visitors, sustainable development, available additional services, and a modern website with information about the museum.
Towards the efficiency transportation work of locomotives diesel traction in real operating conditions
Authors: Ablyalimov O. , Avdeyeva A. , Insapov D.
Published: April 2024

A methodology for substantiating the optimal parameters settings of diesel generators of diesel locomotives according to the criterion of the maximum weighted average efficiency of a diesel locomotive depending on their operating conditions is presented, as well as a methodology and numerical algorithm for assessing the optimal diesel power and efficiency of diesel locomotives with electric transmission and their traction electrical machines. When choosing the optimal mode for controlling the movement of a freight train, the author recommends using the principle of parametric (additive) optimization of the transportation work of locomotives and the value of the highest efficiency of the power circuit, depending on the accepted range of changes in the speed movement of the train on the calculated section of the railway. The research results were obtained in the form of tabular data (regime card) and corresponding analytical expressions - equations for determining the parameters under study. It is recommended to test the obtained research results in real operating conditions, and continue these studies for other types of diesel locomotives and sections of the Uzbek railways of varying degrees of difficulty.
Material selection of subsea storage tanks for arctic sea conditions
Authors: Shanmugavelu Arvind Kishor Tirumanur , Rajaraman Muraliraja
Published: April 2024

The Arctic region contains a plethora of recoverable hydrocarbon wealth in the form of oil and gas. The main challenges faced in the Arctic region is the issue of multi-phase flow in the current field operation coupled with the decline of the reservoir. In the early stages of field life, the reservoir pressure is sufficient to allow the natural flow from reservoir formation to surface without additional supporting compression. Unfortunately, the pressure naturally declines throughout the entire life cycle of the field. To achieve a better production profile in the arctic region the idea is to implement a Subsea processing concept employing a Subsea Storage Tank (SST). In this paper the collision analysis will be performed under specified environmental condition in order to provide more realistic simulation of structural behaviour. The determination of the maximum loads to which the SST can survive is analysed and a study of the possible protection systems will be carried out. The incorporation of SST in the subsea system will enhance the production rate by 50% and decrease the oil spill accidents considerably.
Efficiency of reinforcement of transition sections on the railroad by the developed constructions
Authors: Mekhmonov Mashkhurbek , Makhamadjonov Shukhratjon , Uralov Akmal
Published: April 2024

The article gives the reasons of occurrence and origin of defects of railroad track structure elements on approaches to bridges. The defects arising on sleepers and intermediate fasteners of the track structure and the costs obtained as a result of early replacement of the track structure elements on the transition sections are calculated. As a result of the received constructive decision the technological process of driving of reinforced concrete piles in an embankment for the purpose of maintenance of safe and reliable work of sleepers and intermediate fastenings during service life in 3 m on a transition section is developed. As a result of implementation of the developed design in 1384 transition sections, the economic efficiency amounted to 447.638 million sums. As a result of reinforcement of the transition section, the cost of current and lifting repair of the track is reduced.
Prediction of component activities in the ternary molten slags containing titanium oxide by pseudo-multicomponent approach of MIVM
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhang Jinliang , Liu Zhennan , Li Yadong , Liu Cong , Cheng Yong
Published: April 2024

Based on the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) and the coexistence theory model (CTM), the component activities were predicted in the ternary slags FeO-MnO-SiO2, FeO-MnO-TiO2, MnO-SiO2-TiO2 and FeO-SiO2-TiO2. In com parison with the experiment data, the total average relative errors of the predicted value by pseudo-multicomponent approach of MIVM were 16%, the total average standard deviations were 0.062. On the other hand, the total average relative errors of the predicted value by coexistence theory model were 28%, the total average standard deviations were 0.077. The predicted effect of the pseudo-multicomponent approach of MIVM has better stability and reliability than coexistence theory. Therefore, the activities of component TiO2 were predicted in the ternary slags FeO-MnO-TiO2, MnO-SiO2-TiO2 and FeO-SiO2-TiO2 by MIVM, the corresponding isoactivity curves were plotted and the thermodynamic behavior tendency of constituent TiO2 in different slag systems was analyzed. This work has enriched the thermodynamic data of titanium-containing slag system and made up for the deficiency of high temperature experiment to some extent.
Do sustainability attributes play a role for individuals’ decisions regarding unit-linked life insurance? A survey research on German private investors
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Kraus Anna
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relevance of sustainable product attributes as compared to ongoing costs and risk–return profiles when individuals choose funds underlying unit-linked life insurances. Regarding sustainability attributes, we focus on the product classification according to the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation as a European regulatory transparency standard, and on sustainable investment strategies. We conduct two choice-based conjoint analyses using a German panel for unit-linked life insurances as well as fund savings plans as a financial product comparison. We estimate the relative importance, part-worth utilities, and the marginal willingness to pay for changes in product attributes. Our results suggest that private investors of unit-linked life insurances value sustainable product attributes and that they result in a slightly higher marginal willingness to pay, but risk–return indicators and especially ongoing costs are currently more relevant. We find further indications that sustainability attributes are less relevant in the setting of a unit-linked life insurance as compared to a fund savings plans setting.
Does simplification hold true for machine translations? A corpus-based analysis of lexical diversity in text varieties across genres
Authors: Niu Jiang , Jiang Yue
Published: April 2024

Extensive studies have described the linguistic features of human translations and verified the existence of the simplification translation universal. However, little has been known about the linguistic features of machine translations, although machine translation, as a unique modality of translation, has become an integral part of translation practice. This study is intended to test whether the simplification translation universal observed in human translations also holds true for machine translations. If so, are simplification features in machine translations different significantly from those in human translations? And does genre significantly affect simplification features? To this end, we built a balanced comparable corpus containing three text varieties, i.e., machine translations, human translations and target-language originals across three genres namely contemporary novels, government documents and academic abstracts. Based on the corpus, we conducted a systematic comparison of lexical diversity, as a proxy for simplification, of different text varieties. The results show that simplification is corroborated overall in both machine and human translations when compared with target-language originals, and machine translations are more simplified than human translations. Additionally, genre is found to exert a significant influence on the lexical diversity of different text varieties. This study is expected to expand the scope of corpus-based translation studies on the one hand and to offer insights into the improvement of machine translation systems on the other hand.
Von Mises stress analysis of surgery chair designed for laparoscopic surgeon with lifting mechanism
Authors: Santoso Gatot , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Sugiharto S. , Rachayu Randy Media , Mughni Abdul , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Jamari J.
Published: April 2024

Laparoscopic surgeons can experience musculoskeletal disorders due to standing for long periods during surgical procedures. Surgery chair can help laparoscopic surgeons in overcoming these problems so that they carry out surgical procedures in a sitting position. However, the surgery chairs currently on the market use a hand-controlled pedal for the lifting mechanism, which is an obstacle for laparoscopic surgeons because it interferes with the concentration of the hands in using surgical tools. This study contributes to the development of the latest design of a surgery chair designed for Indonesian laparoscopic surgeons with a foot-controlled pedal so that it does not interfere with the concentration of the laparoscopic surgeon in using surgical tools to carry out surgical procedures. The lifting mechanism of the proposed surgery chair uses a worm gear with the rationalization of the rotation lock, space efficiency, and minimizes sound when lifting mechanism. Computational simulations via the finite element method were carried out on the mechanical components of the current surgery chair to analyze the von Mises stress under the down, middle, and top lifting mechanism conditions. The von Mises stress results show that the proposed surgery chair design is safe. This achievement is expected to be an initiation for the development of a better surgery chair in the future.
Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields
Authors: Chaffey C. , Williams C. , Tanatar M. A. , Bud’ko S. L. , Canfield P. C. , Curro N. J.
Published: April 2024

We present nuclear magnetic resonance data in BaFe2As2 in the presence of pulsed strain fields that are interleaved in time with the radio frequency excitation pulses. In this approach, the preceding nuclear magnetization acquires a phase shift that is proportional to the strain and pulse time. The sensitivity of this approach is limited by the homogeneous decoherence time, T2, rather than the inhomogeneous linewidth. We measure the nematic susceptibility as a function of temperature and demonstrate a three orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. This approach will enable studies of the strain response in a broad range of materials that previously were inaccessible due to inhomogeneous broadening.
A flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on PDA/MXene/NIPAM hydrogel for mechanical energy harvesting and basketball posture monitoring
Authors: Chen Tiangeng , Liang Xiao
Published: April 2024

Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the research on wearable sports monitoring products, especially regarding stretchable flexible electronic devices. However, there is still considerable room for the development of self-powered sensor materials for sports monitoring. In this work, we utilized polydopamine MXene/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel to prepare polydopamine (PDA)/MXene/N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PMN-TENG) for biomechanical energy harvesting and basketball posture monitoring. Significantly, PMN-hydrogel can still maintain good conductivity after being exposed to air for more than 40 days. From the results, the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) of PMN-TENG can reach 16 V, 0.47 µA, and 25 nC, respectively. Further calculations indicate that the maximum power density of PMN-TENG can reach 0.18 mW/m2. For practical demonstration, the PMN-TENG was strategically placed on a basketball player’s elbow and knee joints to obtain the key sports situation of athletes. This research can provide new ideas for the development of new wearable electronic materials.
Flexible artificial synapses with robust bending stability based on all inorganic lead-free bismuth perovskite
Authors: Luo Feifei , Chen Xinci , Guo Qiaoyu , Wang Qiao , Wu Yanzhao , Jiao Xuechen , Zhang Xianmin
Published: April 2024

We demonstrated a flexible artificial synapse device with a structure of Al/Cs3Bi2I9/ITO. It is found that the device displays a resistive switching behavior, effectively simulating the potentiation and depression processes observed in synapses under varying bending angles. Synaptic functions, such as excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation, were performed. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic investigation into the impact of pulse amplitude, pulse width, and pulse number on the synaptic weight. Additionally, long-term plasticity was simulated by precisely controlling the time intervals between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pulses. Remarkably, our prepared flexible artificial synapse exhibited exceptional flexibility and robustness, with no significant alteration in conductance even after undergoing 2000 bending cycles. This study establishes the feasibility of manufacturing lead-free halide perovskite-based artificial synapses for applications in flexible electronics.
State-to-state study of non-equilibrium recombination of oxygen and nitrogen molecules
Authors: Macdonald Robyn L.
Published: April 2024

Rapidly cooled mixtures are of interest for several applications, including hypersonic flows due to the presence of strong cooling temperature gradients in regions such as hypersonic boundary layers and expanding nozzles. There have been very few studies of rapidly cooled mixtures using the high-fidelity rovibrational databases afforded by ab initio potential energy surfaces. This work makes use of existing rovibrational state-specific databases to study rapidly cooled mixtures. In particular, we seek to understand the importance of thermal non-equilibrium in recombining mixtures using both rovibrational and vibrational state-to-state methods for oxygen and nitrogen molecules. We find that although there is significant non-equilibrium during recombination, it is well captured by the vibrational state-specific approach. Finally, we compare the global recombination rate computed based on the state-specific recombination rate coefficients and the global recombination rate computed based on the time local dissociation rate coefficient, which is reversed using the principle of detailed balance. The local dissociation rate coefficient is computed by weighting the state-specific dissociation rate coefficients with the state-specific distribution of energy states. We find a large difference between these rates, highlighting a potential source of errors in hypersonic flow predictions.
An approach to surface electron density-sensing property correlation in non-stoichiometric boron carbide
Authors: Chakraborty Nirman , Mondal Swastik
Published: April 2024

The key to most surface phenomena lies in the surface electron density. Particularly, it is the electron density distribution over the surface that primarily controls the overall interaction of the material with the external environment, say in processes like heterogeneous catalysis. Hence, a precise understanding of surface electron density is essential to understand and design improved surface active materials for catalysis and sensing. Surface structure has been determined primarily using surface sensitive techniques like high-energy surface x-ray diffraction (XRD), the crystal truncation rod scattering method, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering. In this work, using aspherical electron density models of crystal structures in different molecular and extended solids, we show a convenient and complementary way of determining high-resolution experimental surface electron density distribution from conventional bulk x-ray diffraction data. The usefulness of our method has been validated by the surface functionality of boron carbide. While certain surfaces in boron carbide show the presence of substantial electron deficient centers, they are absent in others. Based on that, a new surface property of boron carbide has been inferred and has also been validated by chemiresistive gas sensing experiments.
External and internal stimuli for enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Pandey Peeyush , Ray Priyanka , Sharma Ankit , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Use of internal and external stimuli can be an alternative tool to address the limitations of a supercapacitor for its enhanced electrochemical properties. Influence of internal stimuli, such as redox active dopants and vacancies, can alter the electronic structure or phase of the electrode material, leading to an improved redox behavior of the pseudo-capacitors by virtue of electron polarizations, leading to a better electrochemical charge transfer kinetics. On the other hand, external stimuli, such as applied magnetic field, can alter the diffusion characteristics of the active ions in the electrolyte, thereby changing the ion/charge rearrangement and ion diffusion characteristics within supercapacitor electrodes. This Perspective emphasizes the importance of these two aspects, supported by an in-depth literature review to give a comprehensive overview of internal and external stimuli effects in designing the model systems for future electrochemical applications.
Estimating the lattice thermal conductivity of AlCoCrNiFe high-entropy alloy using machine learning
Authors: Lu Jie , Huang Xiaona , Yue Yanan
Published: April 2024

The lattice thermal conductivity stands as a pivotal thermos-physical parameter of high-entropy alloys; nonetheless, achieving precise predictions of the lattice thermal conductivity for high-entropy alloys poses a formidable challenge due to their complex composition and structure. In this study, machine learning models were built to predict the lattice thermal conductivity of AlCoCrNiFe high-entropy alloy based on molecular dynamic simulations. Our model shows high accuracy with R2, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error of the test set is 0.91, 0.031, and 1.128 W m−1 k−1, respectively. In addition, a high-entropy alloy with low a lattice thermal conductivity of 2.06 W m−1 k−1 (Al8Cr30Co19Ni20Fe23) and with a high lattice thermal conductivity of 5.29 W m−1 k−1 (Al0.5Cr28.5Co25Ni25.5Fe20.5) was successfully predicted, which shows good agreement with the results from molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanisms of the thermal conductivity divergence are further explained through their phonon density of states and elastic modulus. The established model provides a powerful tool for developing high-entropy alloys with the desired properties.
Functional characterisation of Dof gene family and expression analysis under abiotic stresses and melatonin-mediated tolerance in pitaya (Selenicereus undatus)
Authors: Alam Osama , Khan Latif Ullah , Khan Adeel , Salmen Saleh H. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Mehwish Fizza , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zaman Qamar U. , Wang Hua-Feng
Published: April 2024

DNA binding proteins with one finger (Dof) transcription factors are essential for seed development and defence against various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Genomic analysis of Dof has not been determined yet in pitaya (Selenicereus undatus). In this study, we have identified 26 Dof gene family members, renamed as HuDof-1 to HuDof-26, and clustered them into seven subfamilies based on conserved motifs, domains, and phylogenetic analysis. The gene pairs of Dof family members were duplicated by segmental duplications that faced purifying selection, as indicated by the Ka/Ks ratio values. Promoter regions of HuDof genes contain many cis-acting elements related to phytohormones including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, temperature, and light. We exposed pitaya plants to different environmental stresses and examined melatonin’s influence on Dof gene expression levels. Signifcant expression of HuDof-2 and HuDof-6 were observed in different developmental stages of flower buds, flowers, pericarp, and pulp. Pitaya plants were subjected to abiotic stresses, and transcriptome analysis was carried out to identify the role of Dof gene family members. RNA-sequencing data and reverse transcription quantitative PCR-based expression analysis revealed three putative candidate genes (HuDof-1, HuDof-2, and HuDof-8), which might have diverse roles against the abiotic stresses. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for functional analysis through traditional and modern biotechnological tools for pitaya trait improvement.
Understanding factors that influence goal setting in rehabilitation for paediatric acquired brain injury: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Knight Sarah , Rodda Jill , Tavender Emma , Anderson Vicki , Lannin Natasha A. , Scheinberg Adam
Published: April 2024

Background While goal setting with children and their families is considered best practice during rehabilitation following acquired brain injury, its successful implementation in an interdisciplinary team is not straightforward. This paper describes the application of a theoretical framework to understand factors influencing goal setting with children and their families in a large interdisciplinary rehabilitation team. Methods A semi-structured focus group was conducted with rehabilitation clinicians and those with lived experience of paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI). The 90-min focus group was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically coded and mapped against the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to understand influencing factors, which were then linked to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results A total of 11 participants (nine paediatric rehabilitation clinicians, one parent and one young person with lived experience of paediatric ABI) participated in the focus group. Factors influencing collaborative goal setting mapped to the COM-B and six domains of the TDF: Capabilities (Skills, Knowledge, Beliefs about capabilities, and Behavioural regulation), Opportunities (Environmental context and resources), and Motivation (Social/professional role and identity). Results suggest that a multifaceted intervention is needed to enhance rehabilitation clinicians’ and families’ skills and knowledge of goal setting, restructure the goal communication processes, and clarify the roles clinicians play in goal setting within the interdisciplinary team. Conclusion The use of the TDF and COM-B enabled a systematic approach to understanding the factors influencing goal setting for children with acquired brain injury in a large interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, and develop a targeted, multifaceted intervention for clinical use. These represent important considerations for the improvement of collaborative goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation services to ensure that best practice approaches to goal setting are implemented effectively in clinical practice.
Complexin has a dual synaptic function as checkpoint protein in vesicle priming and as a promoter of vesicle fusion
Authors: López-Murcia Francisco José , Lin Kun-Han , Berns Manon M. M. , Ranjan Mrinalini , Lipstein Noa , Neher Erwin , Brose Nils , Reim Kerstin , Taschenberger Holger
Published: April 2024

The presynaptic SNARE-complex regulator complexin (Cplx) enhances the fusogenicity of primed synaptic vesicles (SVs). Consequently, Cplx deletion impairs action potential-evoked transmitter release. Conversely, though, Cplx loss enhances spontaneous and delayed asynchronous release at certain synapse types. Using electrophysiology and kinetic modeling, we show that such seemingly contradictory transmitter release phenotypes seen upon Cplx deletion can be explained by an additional of Cplx in the control of SV priming, where its ablation facilitates the generation of a “faulty” SV fusion apparatus. Supporting this notion, a sequential two-step priming scheme, featuring reduced vesicle fusogenicity and increased transition rates into the faulty primed state, reproduces all aberrations of transmitter release modes and short-term synaptic plasticity seen upon Cplx loss. Accordingly, we propose a dual presynaptic function for the SNARE-complex interactor Cplx, one as a “checkpoint” protein that guarantees the proper assembly of the fusion machinery during vesicle priming, and one in boosting vesicle fusogenicity.
Timeless noncoding DNA contains cell-type preferential enhancers important for proper
Drosophila
circadian regulation
Authors: Ma Dingbang , Ojha Pranav , Yu Albert D. , Araujo Maisa S. , Luo Weifei , Keefer Evelyn , Díaz Madelen M. , Wu Meilin , Joiner William J. , Abruzzi Katharine C. , Rosbash Michael
Published: April 2024

To address the contribution of transcriptional regulation to
Drosophila
clock gene expression and to behavior, we generated a series of CRISPR-mediated deletions within two regions of the circadian gene
timeless
(
tim
), an intronic E-box region and an upstream E-box region that are both recognized by the key transcription factor Clock (Clk) and its heterodimeric partner Cycle. The upstream deletions but not an intronic deletion dramatically impact
tim
expression in fly heads; the biggest upstream deletion reduces peak RNA levels and
tim
RNA cycling amplitude to about 15% of normal, and there are similar effects on
tim
protein (TIM). The cycling amplitude of other clock genes is also strongly reduced, in these cases due to increases in trough levels. These data underscore the important contribution of the upstream E-box enhancer region to
tim
expression and of TIM to clock gene transcriptional repression in fly heads. Surprisingly,
tim
expression in clock neurons is only modestly affected by the biggest upstream deletion and is similarly affected by a deletion of the intronic E-box region. This distinction between clock neurons and glia is paralleled by a dramatically enhanced accessibility of the intronic enhancer region within clock neurons. This distinctive feature of
tim
chromatin was revealed by ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) assays of purified neurons and glia as well as of fly heads. The enhanced cell type–specific accessibility of the intronic enhancer region explains the resilience of clock neuron
tim
expression and circadian behavior to deletion of the otherwise more prominent upstream
tim
E-box region.
Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Xiong Gui-Jing , Sheng Zu-Hang
Published: April 2024

Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
Influence of High-Pressure Induced Lattice Dislocations and Distortions on Thermoelectric Performance of Pristine SnTe
Authors: Zheng 郑 Bowen 博文 , Chen 陈 Tao 涛 , Sun 孙 Hairui 海瑞 , Yang 杨 Manman 曼曼 , Yang 杨 Bingchao 兵超 , Chen 陈 Xin 欣 , Zhang 张 Yongsheng 永胜 , Liu 刘 Xiaobing 晓兵
Published: April 2024

As a sister compound of PbTe, SnTe possesses the environmentally friendly elements. However, the pristine SnTe compounds suffer from the high carrier concentration, the large valence band offset between the L and Σ positions and high thermal conductivity. Using high-pressure and high-temperature technology, we synthesized the pristine SnTe samples at different pressures and systemically investigated their thermoelectric properties. High pressure induces rich microstructures, including the high-density dislocations and lattice distortions, which serve as the strong phonon scattering centers, thereby reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. For the electrical properties, pressure reduces the harmful high carrier concentration, due to the depression of Sn vacancies. Moreover, pressure induces the valence band convergence, reducing the energy separation between the L and Σ positions. The band convergence and suppressed carrier concentration increase the Seebeck coefficient. Thus, the power factors of pressure-sintered compounds do not deteriorate significantly under the condition of decreasing electrical conductivity. Ultimately, for a pristine SnTe compound synthesized at 5 GPa, a higher ZT value of 0.51 is achieved at 750 K, representing a 140% improvement compared to the value of 0.21 obtained using SPS. Therefore, the high-pressure and high-temperature technology is demonstrated as an effectively approach to optimize thermoelectric performance.
Large-field and fast super-resolution microscopic imaging method based on laser interferometry
Authors: Hao Hu , Boxing Qian , Huigang Wang , Jia Jia
Published: April 2024

In recent years, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been drawing great attention for both technique development and application. However, conventional SIM, which uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) for fringe projection, often has a limited field of view. To meet the demand for high-throughput microscopic imaging in biomedicine research, a large-field super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopic imaging method based on laser interferometry was proposed. The method that combines a two-dimensional (2D) grating for fringe pattern projection and an SLM for selecting fringe orientation can break the limitation of fringe number limited by the digital projection devices. A spatial-domain reconstruction algorithm was developed to improve the computational speed of super-resolution imaging. Finally, an experimental platform for SIM microscopy was established. A large-field view of 1380 μm × 1035 μm under a 20×/NA0.75 objective is experimentally demonstrated, and an enhancement of 1.8-fold resolution is realized. The spatial-domain reconstruction algorithm can significantly improve the computational speed by approximately 10 times faster compared to the traditional frequency-domain algorithm.
Super-resolution spectral interference fitting method for the simultaneous measurement of the thin film thickness and surface profile
Authors: Dong Bozhang , Guo Wenping , Yang Kecheng , Shen Hongyu , Shao Tanbin , Xia Min
Published: April 2024

Conventional spectral interferometry cannot measure film thicknesses less than optical resolution. However, none of the existing super-resolution methods can obtain the film thickness distribution and surface profile in a single measurement, which will seriously reduce the measurement efficiency and accuracy. We propose a fitting method for Linnik-type spectral interferometry to solve these problems. Compared to the traditional reflectance spectral model for thin films, a new spectral interferometric model is developed for measurements. The results obtained from this method were compared with those from ellipsometry and stylus profilometry, respectively. We confirmed the results matched each other well and proved the validity of the solution.
Improved YOLOv8 for B-scan image flaw detection of the heavy-haul railway
Authors: Yu Chengshui , Liu Yue , Cao Yuan , Sun Yongkui , Su Shuai , Yang Weifeng , Wang Wenkun
Published: April 2024

With the high speed and heavy duty of railway transportation, internal flaw detection of railway rails has become a hot issue. Existing rail flaw detection systems have problems of low detection accuracy and occasional missed flaw detection. In this paper, a high-precision flaw detection based on data augmentation and YOLOv8 improvement is proposed. Firstly, three data augmentation algorithms based on the characteristics of B-scan images are designed to enrich the dataset of rail flaws. Then, the small target detection layer and the cross-layer connectivity module are added to capture more information for small targets. Finally, the introduction of dynamic weights to coordinate attention can adjust the attentional weights and capture long-range information. The experimental results show that the mAP50 of the model after data enhancement and algorithm improvement is 97.9%, which is improved by 4.4% from the baseline model, and the frame per second is 64.52. The proposed method effectively detects many typical flaws, including the railhead flaw, rail jaw flaw, screw hole crack, and bottom flaw, which can provide technology supports for on-site maintenance staff.
Do we really need machine learning interatomic potentials for modeling amorphous metal oxides? Case study on amorphous alumina by recycling an existing ab initio database
Authors: Gramatte Simon , Turlo Vladyslav , Politano Olivier
Published: April 2024

In this study, we critically evaluate the performance of various interatomic potentials/force fields against a benchmark ab initio database for bulk amorphous alumina. The interatomic potentials tested in this work include all major fixed charge and variable charge models developed to date for alumina. Additionally, we introduce a novel machine learning interatomic potential constructed using the NequIP framework based on graph neural networks. Our findings reveal that the fixed-charge potential developed by Matsui and coworkers offers the most optimal balance between computational efficiency and agreement with ab initio data for stoichiometric alumina. Such balance cannot be provided by machine learning potentials when comparing performance with Matsui potential on the same computing infrastructure using a single Graphical Processing Unit. For non-stoichiometric alumina, the variable charge potentials, in particular ReaxFF, exhibit an impressive concordance with density functional theory calculations. However, our NequIP potentials trained on a small fraction of the ab initio database easily surpass ReaxFF in terms of both accuracy and computational performance. This is achieved without large overhead in terms of potential fitting and fine-tuning, often associated with the classical potential development process as well as training of standard deep neural network potentials, thus advocating for the use of data-efficient machine learning potentials like NequIP for complex cases of non-stoichiometric amorphous oxides.
Spectrality of a class of infinite convolutions on
R
*
Authors: Wu Sha , Xiao Yingqing
Published: April 2024

Given an integer

m
⩾
1

. Let

Σ

(
m
)

=
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
m

}

N

be a symbolic space, and let

{
(

b

k

,

D

k

)

}

k
=
1

m

:=
{
(

b

k

,
{
0
,
1
,
…
,

p

k

−
1
}

t

k

)

}

k
=
1

m

be a finite sequence pairs, where integers

|

b

k

|

,

p

k

⩾
2

,

|

t

k

|

⩾
1

and

p

k

,

t

1

,

t

2

,
…
,

t

m

are pairwise coprime integers for all

1
⩽
k
⩽
m

. In this paper, we show that for any infinite word

σ
=

(

σ

n

)

n
=
1

∞

∈

Σ

(
m
)

, the infinite convolution

μ

σ

=

δ

b

σ

1

−
1

D

σ

1

∗

δ

(

b

σ

1

b

σ

2

)

−
1

D

σ

2

∗

δ

(

b

σ

1

b

σ

2

b

σ

3

)

−
1

D

σ

3

∗
⋯

is a spectral measure if and only if

p

σ
n

∣

b

σ
n

for all

n
⩾
2

and

σ
∉

⋃

l
=
1

∞

∏

l

, where

∏

l

=
{

i

1

i

2

⋯

i

l

j

∞

∈

Σ

(
m
)

:

i

l

≠
j
,

|

b

j

|

=

p

j

,

|

t

j

|

≠
1
}

.
Weakened vortex stretching effect in three scale hierarchy for the 3D Euler equations
Authors: Jeong In-Jee , Na Jungkyoung , Yoneda Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2024

We consider the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations under the following three scale hierarchical situation: large-scale vortex stretching the middle-scale, and at the same time, the middle-scale stretching the small-scale. In this situation, we show that, the stretching effect of this middle-scale flow is weakened by the large-scale. In other words, the vortices being stretched could have the corresponding stress tensor being weakened.
Dynamic analysis of major public health emergency transmission considering the dual-layer coupling of community–resident complex networks
Authors: Yang 杨 Peng 鹏 , Fan 范 Ruguo 如国 , Wang 王 Yibo 奕博 , Zhang 张 Yingqing 应青
Published: April 2024

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.
Factors resisting protein adsorption on hydrophilic/hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers terminated with hydrophilic hydroxyl groups
Authors: Mao 毛 Dangxin 党新 , Wu 吴 Yuan-Yan 园燕 , Tu 涂 Yusong 育松
Published: April 2024

The hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (OH-SAM), as a surface resistant to protein adsorption, exhibits substantial potential in applications such as ship navigation and medical implants, and the appropriate strategies for designing anti-fouling surfaces are crucial. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free energy calculations to systematically analyze the factors influencing resistance to protein adsorption on the SAMs terminated with single or double OH groups at three packing densities (Σ = 2.0 nm−2, 4.5 nm−2, and 6.5 nm−2), respectively. For the first time, we observed that the compactness and order of interfacial water enhance its physical barrier effect, subsequently enhancing the resistance of SAM to protein adsorption. Notably, the spatial hindrance effect of SAM leads to the embedding of protein into SAM, resulting in a lack of resistance of SAM towards protein. Furthermore, the number of hydroxyl groups per unit area of double OH-terminated SAM at Σ = 6.5 nm−2 is approximately 2 to 3 times that of single OH-terminated SAM at Σ = 6.5 nm−2 and 4.5 nm−2, consequently yielding a weaker resistance of double OH-terminated SAM towards protein. Meanwhile, due to the structure of SAM itself, i.e., the formation of a nearly perfect ice-like hydrogen bond structure, the SAM exhibits the weakest resistance towards protein. This study will complement and improve the mechanism of OH-SAM resistance to protein adsorption, especially the traditional barrier effect of interfacial water.
One memristor–one electrolyte-gated transistor-based high energy-efficient dropout neuronal units
Authors: Li 李 Yalin 亚霖 , Shi 时 Kailu 凯璐 , Zhu 朱 Yixin 一新 , Fang 方 Xiao 晓 , Cui 崔 Hangyuan 航源 , Wan 万 Qing 青 , Wan 万 Changjin 昌锦
Published: April 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been extensively researched due to their significant energy-saving benefits. Hardware implementations of ANN with dropout function would be able to avoid the overfitting problem. This letter reports a dropout neuronal unit (1R1T-DNU) based on one memristor–one electrolyte-gated transistor with an ultralow energy consumption of 25 pJ/spike. A dropout neural network is constructed based on such a device and has been verified by MNIST dataset, demonstrating high recognition accuracies (> 90%) within a large range of dropout probabilities up to 40%. The running time can be reduced by increasing dropout probability without a significant loss in accuracy. Our results indicate the great potential of introducing such 1R1T-DNUs in full-hardware neural networks to enhance energy efficiency and to solve the overfitting problem.
Multi-soliton solutions, breather-like and bound-state solitons for complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation in optical fibers
Authors: Lan 兰 Zhong-Zhou 中周
Published: April 2024

Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Breather-like and bound-state solitons are constructed in which the signs of the imaginary parts of the complex wave numbers and the initial separations of the two parallel solitons are important factors for the interaction patterns. The periodic structures and position-induced phase shift of some solutions are introduced.
The
tetraquark system in a chiral quark model*
Authors: Yang 杨 Gang 刚 , Ping 平 Jialun 加伦 , Segovia Jorge
Published: April 2024

The S-wave

tetraquarks, with spin-parities

,

, and

, in both isoscalar and isovector sectors, are systematically studied using a chiral quark model. The meson-meson, diquark-antidiquark, and K-type arrangements of quarks and all possible color wave functions are comprehensively considered. The four-body system is solved using the Gaussian expansion method, a highly efficient computational approach. Additonally, a complex-scaling formulation of the problem is established to disentangle bound, resonance, and scattering states. This theoretical framework has already been successfully applied in various tetra- and penta-quark systems. For the complete coupled channel and within the complex-range formulation, several narrow resonances of

and

systems are obtained, in each allowed

-channel, within the energy regions of

GeV and

GeV, respectively. The predicted exotic states, which indicate a richer color structure when going towards multiquark systems beyond mesons and baryons, are expected to be confirmed in future high-energy particle and nuclear experiments.