bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software development for checking the serviceability of electric drive hardware parts
Authors:   LLC R&D Company “Rubicon – Innovation” (Smolensk), Polyuschenkov I.S.
Published: February 2025

Modern electric drives have the structural form of electronic units with microprocessor control. In the process of serial production of electric drives, their technical control is required, namely, checking the serviceability of hardware, including logical and analog input and output circuits, power circuits, digital interfaces, built-in sensors and specialized microchips. To carry out such tests and automate them, it is necessary to develop software and hardware for the test and control equipment, as well as specialized software for the electric drive subject to checking. Thus, the development of such software for the electric drive is relevant. The authors have applied the methods of algorithmization of control processes, methods of system analysis, methods of model-based development of software and its debugging, as well as the methods of experimental research. An algorithm is proposed to check the hardware of an electric drive, representing a sequence of actions and calculations associated with the input, output and processing of logical and analog signals, the formation of currents and voltages in power circuits, as well as access control to built-in elements distributed between the electric drive as a subject to check, the test and control equipment and the personal computer used as a control device, the coordination of messages which is carried out via digital interfaces. A test mode is introduced into the electric drive software, isolated from the operation of the electric drive for its intended purpose in the main mode. Hardware handlers as well as a set of parameters and commands are provided. Technical control of the electric drive allows us to promptly identify its faults immediately after manufacture. The proposed algorithm to test the hardware of the electric drive and automation of its implementation facilitates introduction of its technical control in the technological process of production.
Automation of monitoring the technical condition of electric-driven gas pumping units
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Kolganov A.R. , Kryukov O.V. ,   LLC “TSN-Electro” (Nizhny Novgorod), Romanov L.R. ,   LLC “TSN-Electro” (Nizhny Novgorod)
Published: February 2025

Compressor stations of main gas pipelines are classified as high-risk facilities. Gas turbines, piston and electric drive units are used as drives of gas pumping units at compressor stations. But it is the automated electric drive with a capacity of 4–25 MW that is the most promising system due to low capital and operating costs, high energy performance combined with high reliability and environmental friendliness. However, the requirements to ensure trouble-free operation of compressor station units are constantly being tightened in accordance with the industry regulatory framework. In the domestic electrical engineering market today, there are no reliable and adequate technical means and methods of preventive forecasting of the condition of electric drive gas pumping units. In this regard, the aim of the study is to provide a theoretically sound methodology to assess the technical condition of an electric drive in the on-line mode and a medium-term forecast of its operational parameters. Data on the condition of the electric drive is taken from the sensors and fed to the subsystem for predicting the technical condition. In case, a decision is made about an upcoming failure, the maintenance subsystem prevents failures. The authors have proposed a method of technical condition management based on Bayesian models of condition forecasting based on controlled parameters and their compliance with the embedded knowledge base. An automated system for forecasting the condition of an electric drive of gas pumping units is developed and studied. It is shown that a reduction in downtime and an increase of the utilization factor of the system is achieved due to forecasting as part of the electric drive technical condition management system, which allows us to initiate preventive actions or to prepare for repair. The use of automated systems for predicting the technical condition of the electric drive of the gas pumping unit allows us to plan capital and routine repairs based on the actual condition, to eliminate the thermal effect of currents and reduce the cost of overhauls, to monitor the operation of the cooling system of powerful machines and maintain optimal modes that increase the insulation life; with the combined use of vibration analysis and FFT analysis of power consumption, accurately identify the causes of increased vibration levels, as well as to lower overall operating costs.
The moral duty to help others from a Kantian perspective. Part І. The theoretical landscape of the study
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, MASLIKOVA Iryna
Published: February 2025

Background. The article notes the importance of turning to Kantian ethics to clarify the possibilities of fulfilling the moral duty to help others. Such a formulation of the problem sharpens the ethical issues of the emergence of moral duties, their nature and moral force, and the possibilities of performing exceptional extremely sacrificial acts for the sake of others in extreme situations. The goal of the article is to identify the nature, strength and effectiveness of the moral duty to help others from the perspective of Kant's deontological ethics. The first part of the article aims at outlining the theoretical landscape of the study and identifying theoretical issues of substantiating the moral duty to help others. The goal of the second part will be to identify the practical problems of implementing the moral duty to help others.

Methods. The article uses the historical and philosophical method to define the basic ethical terminology of deontological ethics and the typological method to clarify the classification of moral duties and moral acts aimed at helping others.

Results. The starting point of the study is the understanding of duty as a subjective basis for the effectiveness of the moral law through self-compulsion and as an end that a person sets for himself or herself. In this sense, the duty to help others is actualised in the subject's awareness of the need to promote the happiness of others as his or her own goal. The duty to help others is viewed through the prism of the Kantian typology of 'broad' or 'imperfect' and 'narrow' or 'perfect' duties, which allows us to see the impossibility of setting limits to its implementation, since it is rather a minimum moral claim due to its essential characteristic of 'imperfection'. Its latitude provides room for moral choice, taking into account various moral considerations. The limiting factor in its implementation is the requirement of respect for the other and the prohibition of indifference to the needs of others. It is outlined the main discussion points around the duty to help other, which are related to the threats of devaluation of the moral subject's own interests and the problem of supererogation of certain actions that have moral value but are not morally obligatory.

Conclusions. Deontological ethics can be modernised by introducing into its system moral acts which can be defined as exceptional in their ability to help others due to the extraordinary virtues and extraordinary volitional efforts of the moral agent. Such a modification is possible because Kantian ethics orientates the individual towards both help others and his or her own improvement.
Comprehensive assessment of the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the functional status of northern residents during a critical season
Authors: Averyanova Inessa V. , Alyoshina Olga O. , Bezmenova Irina N. , Vdovenko Sergei I.
Published: February 2025

AIM: To examine the dynamics of morphophysiological and biochemical indicators, stress levels, and the intake of different classes of fatty acids in the human body, identifying essential fatty acid deficiencies before omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive morphophysiological and biochemical study was conducted, analyzing 35 parameters before and after 1.5 months of omega-3 PUFA supplementation.
RESULTS: At baseline, the men in both the experimental and control groups demonstrated similar profiles across all analyzed parameters. After 1.5 months of omega-3 PUFA supplementation (Stage 2), the experimental group exhibited optimization-driven adjustments in several physiological systems. These changes included improvements in cardiovascular function, which facilitated a more optimal metabolic profile, normalization of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, a significant reduction in the stress hormone cortisol, and a concurrent decrease in overall systemic inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in the tension matrix of functional reserves. In contrast, the control group, which did not receive docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation, did not experience similar adaptations. Instead, maladaptive responses in carbohydrate metabolism, capillary blood flow, and cardiovascular function were observed, which were likely exacerbated by the critical seasonal transition, as ambient temperatures fluctuated around freezing.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the recommendation of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for northern residents as a mitigating factor against the adverse effects of seasonal climatic fluctuations.
Association of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus with cognitive functions assessed using the event-related P300 potential in older individuals with controlled arterial hypertension
Authors: Krivonogova Olga V. , Krivonogova Elena V. , Poskotinova Lilia V.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: The number of individuals with dementia and cognitive impairment is steadily increasing worldwide. Identifying and controlling risk factors for cognitive decline is crucial for preserving cognitive function.
AIM: To assess the association of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cognitive functions, evaluated using parameters of the auditory event-related P300 potential in elderly individuals with controlled arterial hypertension (AH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of individuals aged 60–74 years was examined. Four groups were formed: Group I (control), without cardiovascular diseases or diabetes, and with normal uric acid levels (n=42); Group II, with controlled AH (n=87); Group III, with controlled AH and T2DM (n=34); and Group IV, with controlled AH and hyperuricemia (n=17). The parameters of the auditory event-related P300 potential were assessed using an electroencephalograph (Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM, Russia).
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in P300 latency and amplitude were found in older individuals with controlled AH compared to the control group. In the group with T2DM and controlled AH, an increase in P300 latency and a decrease in amplitude were observed compared to the control group. In the group with hyperuricemia and controlled AH, a lower P300 amplitude was detected compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: Older individuals with hyperuricemia and controlled AH exhibited a lower P300 amplitude, indicating reduced attentional resources. Those with controlled AH and T2DM showed increased P300 latency and decreased amplitude, reflecting slower information processing, prolonged decision-making time, and diminished attentional resources.
The impact of ventilation systems on the risk of viral transmission (review article)
Authors: Abramkina Darya V. , Verma Vishal
Published: February 2025

Understanding the aerosol transmission mechanism of respiratory infectious diseases is crucial for predicting indoor air circulation and optimizing ventilation system design. A literature search was conducted using various keyword combinations in the PubMed database. The selection included studies examining the impact of indoor microclimate parameters and ventilation system performance on the risk of viral transmission. Since 2020, there has been increasing interest in studying how viral infections spread via aerosols within buildings and transportation infrastructure, considering the operational conditions of engineering systems. Currently, substantial evidence supports the dependence of viral aerosol viability on indoor temperature and humidity levels. Maintaining an optimal relative humidity of 40–60% at standard room temperature is essential not only for aerosol stability but also for virus neutralization. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of air mobility and indoor pollution on the stability of viral pathogens. A significant body of literature confirms the influence of ventilation system efficiency on infection risk in buildings. To reduce the spread of respiratory viruses, an air exchange rate of at least 30 m3/h per person is recommended. Based on the findings, a set of practical recommendations for ventilation system operation amidst increased disease incidence has been developed. Discrepancies between international and Russian regulatory requirements regarding indoor climate parameters and air quality standards have been identified, emphasizing the need for improved measures to mitigate the spread of respiratory infections.
Reconstruction of finger function in case of joint defects
Authors: Volkova Yu. S. , Rodomanova L. A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction Repair of bone defects in the hand is still a challenge despite advancements in hand surgery and improved surgical techniques. However, the main difficulty still lies in restoring the function of the injured segment when the defect affects functionally significant joints including the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers. Loss of mobility in the joints significantly impairs the physical capabilities of patients and the quality of life. A reconstructive intervention is primarily aimed at restoration of the useful range of motion of the involved finger with minimal risks of postoperative complications.

The objective was to evaluate the possibilities with finger function restoration and the effectiveness of the techniques used to repair defects in the fingers joints based on literature analysis.

Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru) and the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org), Elseiver, Google Scholar (2008 to 2024) and using keywords: finger joint defects, bone loss, intra-articular injuries of the fingers, arthroplasty, small joint replacement, reconstruction of finger joints, joint restoration, metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, bone graft, joint transplantation, joint transfer, microsurgery, vascular bone joint transfer. Sixty articles by foreign authors and 11 publications of Russian researchers were selected for analysis.

Results and discussion With the variety of surgical techniques, there is no universal method for replacing defects in the finger joints. Along with the high rate of postoperative complications, the lack of an optimal method requires careful preoperative planning. Reconstructive interventions should be considered as a method of choice and an alternative to arthrodesis in young, physically active patients. Limited postoperative range of motion in the reconstructed joint is a challenge in the treatment of patients with this pathology. The choice of surgical strategy relies on the patient’s compliance for a complex and lengthy rehabilitation in achievement of a functionally satisfying result.

Conclusion Reconstructive interventions for repair of a bone defect in the joint are practical for increasing the useful range of motion of the involved finger and improving the physical capabilities of the hand.
Elution of antibiotics from bone cement: problems and ways to solution
Authors: Shafigulin R. A. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Emelin A. L. , Bespalov I. A. , Akifyev K. N.
Published: February 2025

Introduction The widespread use of bone cement in the treatment of patients with orthopedic infections can be associated with limited elution of antibiotics with use of local spacers.

The objective was to determine problems of elution of antibiotics from bone cement and ways to solve them based on literature data.

Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru) and the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org) (1994 to 2024) and using keywords: bone cement, PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate, antibiotic elution, bone cement, antibiotic elution, additive manufacturing, porous constructions, lattice structures. The sources were included based on the hypothesis that preformed implants based on a lattice structure could be used in combinations with bone cement.

Results and discussion The elution of antibiotics from bone cement can be improved through examination of the cement type, the porosity, the implant/spacer shape, the type of antibiotics, quantities and  combinations administered that pose a difficult scientific problem in the absence of an acceptable solution along with the variety of publications. However, research in this area has not led to any complete solution.

Conclusion A paradigm has been developed for improving the elution of antibiotics from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to include working with the cement: its composition, geometry and pyrogenicity. Solutions offered for improving the elution of antibiotics from PMMA are often impracticable and can deteriorate the performance properties of cement. Another approach can involve a research aimed at studying the effectiveness of spacers with a preformed base and bone cement coating, without or with minimal interference with the properties specified by the manufacturer.
Possible application of glassy carbon composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Timoshchuk E. I. , Ponomareva D. V. , Gareev A. R.
Published: February 2025

Introduction Bone defect management remains one of the challenging problems of regenerative medicine, for the solution of which the most promising trend is the use of tissue-engineered implants based on composite scaffolds that stimulate osteogenesis. One of the main tasks of tissue engineering is the development of a scaffold that mimics three-dimensional architecture for osteogenic progenitor cells inside the scaffold, with the possibility of cell interaction with appropriate chemical and physical stimuli of natural bone.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the possibility of using composite scaffolds based on glassy carbon in tissue engineering.

Materials and Methods This study describes a reproducible method of obtaining three-dimensional porous glass-carbon-based scaffolds with surfaces modified with pyrocarbon (CF-C) and pyrocarbon and hydroxyapatite (CF-C-HAP) and investigates the porosity, strength characteristics, cytotoxicity, and osteoinductivity of the composite scaffolds obtained. Osteogenic differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated on CF-C and CF-C-HAP scaffolds using common osteogenic markers such as: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results In vitro studies showed the biocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. The ability of CF-C-HAP to  induce MSC differentiation in osteogenic direction and to produce calcium-containing matrix was established.

Discussion The scaffolds based on glassy carbon foam with pyrocarbon and hydroxyapatite coatings have a  three-dimensional structure with open porosity, along with the strength comparable to the strength of the replaced tissue, and imitate the structure of trabecular bone. However, the strength of glassy carbon foam without coating is characterized by low compressive strength. All the studied materials demonstrated adhesive and proliferative activity of MSCs, high cell adhesion and absence of cytotoxicity. Determination of  the  mRNA expression level by real-time PCR showed that after 14 days, cells cultured on  CS-C-HAP showed expression of the VDR, BMP7, IGFR1, SPP1 genes, what demonstrates osteogenic potential. The results of our studies on phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining demonstrated that the CF-C‑HAP scaffold stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro in the osteogenic direction, as well as intracellular mineralization processes.

Conclusion Composite CF-C-HAP scaffolds based on glassy carbon foam support cell proliferation and differentiation and may be promising for use in bone tissue engineering.
Histomorphometric characteristics of the metaepiphyseal plate of the distal femur of lambs during the period of their intensive growth
Authors: Stupina T. A. , Dyuryagina O. V. , Korobeynikov A. A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction Growth zone injuries are quite common and account for 15–30 % of all skeletal bone injuries in children. Complications occur in 2–14 % of patients. An adequate experimental animal model is needed to develop new methods for treating growth zone injuries. The purpose of the work is to identify patterns in the dynamics of histomorphometric characteristics of the metaepiphyseal cartilage of the distal femur of lambs during the period of their intensive growth.

Materials and methods The metaepiphyseal cartilage of the distal femur of 12 lambs (aged 3.5 and 5.5 months, 5  males and  7  females) previously participating in an experiment on the effect of  osteosynthesis pins on  the  structural reorganization of the metaepiphyseal cartilage was studied. Histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric studies were performed.

Results The zonal structure of the metaepiphyseal plate along with an increased proportion of PAS-positive structures in the outer layer of the border zone and in the calcified cartilage zone were determined. Masson staining revealed fuchsinophilic areas of the border zone matrix in the metaepiphyseal cartilage of animals aged 5.5 months, as well as an increase in the proportion of fuchsinophilic areas of the calcified cartilage zone compared to animals aged 3.5 months, which indicated increased mineralization. CD34 expression at 3.5 months was detected in the outer layer of the border zone, at 5.5 months the depth of vascular invasion increased, but did not reach the proliferating cartilage zone. A decrease in the thickness of the metaepiphyseal cartilage at the age of 5.5 months by an average of 18.2 % is due to a decrease in the thickness of the border zone by 1.9 times, while the thickness of the proliferating cartilage zone increased by 1.2 times.

Discussion The changes observed in the main substance of the metaepiphyseal cartilage indicated that  the  processes of matrix calcification are more intense in lambs by the age of 5.5 months. The  depth of  vascular penetration from the diaphysis is more pronounced than from the epiphysis. Fractures in the growth zone during the period of intensive growth can be caused by the predominance of the border zone and by the proliferating cartilage zone.

Conclusion Histomorphometric changes in the metaepiphyseal plate of the distal femur of lambs during the period of their intensive growth were characterized by a decrease in its thickness due to a marked decrease in the thickness of the reserve zone, while the thickness of the proliferating cartilage statistically significantly increased. The depth of vascular invasion in the border zone increased, but did not reach the proliferating cartilage zone, changes in the tinctorial characteristics of the ground substance indicated the activation of matrix calcification processes from the subchondral bone of the epiphysis and endomorphic ossification from the diaphysis.
First experience with the use of a partially bioresorbable bone substitution material in a patient with 34-year old chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia
Authors: Sudnitsyn A. S. , Shastov A. L. , Klushin N. M. , Rashidov G. Kh.
Published: February 2025

Introduction The most common approach to the treatment of osteomyelitic cavities (Cierny – Mader type  III) is a two-stage approach proposed by Masquelet, the main shortcoming of which is the need to  perform a  second surgical intervention which results in a longer rehabilitation period, increased economic costs  and  additional emotional distress of the patient. In electronic databases, we found 17 publications devoted to the use of partially bioresorbable materials for filling in uncomplicated bone defects. The experience of treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (Cierny – Mader type III) using such materials has not been described.

Purpose Demonstration of the first use of a partially bioresorbable osteosubstituting material in a one‑stage treatment of a patient with a long-term osteomyelitic process after failures of conventional surgical treatment methods.

Materials and methods We present a case of a 54-year old patient with a diagnosis of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the right leg, fistulous form, associated with contracture of the right ankle joint, 2-cm shortening of the right lower limb. A one-stage treatment technique was used using a partially bioresorbable osteosubstituting material for the first time in combination with antibacterial drugs, preselected in accordance with the patient's microbial cultures.

Results The study evaluated the use of a partially bioresorbable material impregnated with antibacterial drugs in the treatment of a patient with osteomyelitic cavity Cierny – Mader type III that achieved stable arrest of purulent and inflammatory process.

Discussion The mandatory two-stage Masquelet approach increases the surgical aggression, requires collection of an autologous bone graft, thus the risk of possible complications becomes higher. The obvious advantages of bioresorbable materials impregnated with antibacterial drugs to fill in bone defects are: no need to collect an autograft, a reduction in the number of surgical interventions to one, the possibility of gradual natural degradation of the implant from the patient's body due to bioresorption. Conclusion The study demonstrates the potential use of partially bioresorbable materials in a one-stage technology for treating patients with Cierny – Mader type III osteomyelitic cavities.
Risk management committee and firm performance: The moderating effect of political connection
Authors: Afrizal Faris , Oktavendi Tri Wahyu , Irawan Dwi
Published: February 2025

Research aims: This study seeks to prove empirical evidence regarding the moderating effect of political connection to risk committee and firm performance relationship.Design/Methodology/Approach: The method used in this research uses a quantitative approach. The data used is financial companies registered on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2019 – 2021 period. The data used and meets the criteria is 129 data.Research findings: The research results show that the size of the risk management committee has an influence on firm performance. The large number of risk management committee members helps companies assess potential risks early. Political connections weaken the relationship between the risk management committee and firm performance. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: The originality of this research is based on the moderating results of political connections which provide a weakening effect compared to previous studies. Practitioner/Policy implications: For practitioners and companies, they can consider it in decision making before having a board of directors join politicsResearch limitations/Implications: Limitation of this research is research scope just in financial sector and only risk committee size used in this research.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and diagnostic procedures in suspected pediatric tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu
Authors: R. Ramanthan , M. Jayapritha
Published: February 2025

Background: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing countries like India. Pulmonary TB is predominant in children, but a substantial proportion also present with extrapulmonary TB. This study aims to analyze clinico-epidemiological profile and diagnostic procedures in suspected pediatric TB cases at a tertiary care center in Cuddalore.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024, involving 200 children suspected of having TB who presented to the pediatrics department. Data were collected using a pretested proforma, capturing socio-demographics, clinical features, and diagnostic procedures. Diagnostic confirmation was made using various diagnostic methods. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests to assess associations.
Results: The study included 200 suspected children with a mean age of 7.47 years. Extrapulmonary TB was more prevalent (67.5%) than pulmonary TB (32.5%). Majority (85%) were from rural areas, with significant associations between extrapulmonary TB and malnutrition, lymph node involvement, and specific diagnostic modalities. 11.25% of cases were microbiologically confirmed through CBNAAT. Extrapulmonary TB was diagnosed primarily via cytopathology and imaging, whereas pulmonary TB cases were often identified by chest X-ray and CBNAAT.
Conclusions: The findings highlight high prevalence of extrapulmonary TB among children in rural, economically disadvantaged areas, with malnutrition being a significant risk factor. It underscores the need for enhanced diagnostic capabilities, especially in resource-limited settings, to improve TB detection. Expanding access to molecular diagnostics and integrating nutritional interventions are essential for better management.
Clinicoetiological profile and outcomes of acute poisoning in children: experience in a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Tandon Aryan , Arya Arun K.
Published: February 2025

Background: Pediatric poisoning is one of the most commonly presenting emergencies. Children due to their playful and inquisitive nature consume substances that are harmful to them unintentionally. Poisoning is also seen with the ideation of self-harm. Understanding the etiology and clinical profile of the commonly consumed poisons in children will help in proper management. Aims and objectives were to study the clinical profile and outcome of children presenting with poisoning in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a span of 18 months including 211 patients. Appropriate statistical tests were applied and the results were extracted.
Results: Accidental poisoning (86.3%) was more frequently observed in males (50.7%), whereas intentional poisoning (13.7%) was more common in adolescent girls (p value=0.007). Longer durations before admission were associated with higher mortality rates (p value <0.0001). Household products (24.6%) were the leading cause of poisoning in children followed by organophosphate poisoning (22.3%), pharmacological drug intake (19%), corrosive intake (12.3%), Celphos poisoning (11.4%), food poisoning (3.8%), plant-based poisoning (3.8%) and rat poison intake (2.8%). Overall, out of the 211 cases, 197 (93%) patients were discharged with follow up advice, while 14 (7%) unfortunately succumbed to their death.
Conclusions: Spreading awareness in the community, educating children and their parents, keeping harmful substances away from children, ensuring mental well-being of adolescents, prompt treatment as per protocol and timely referral to a health center where adequate facilities are available will drastically improve the outcome and significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of the predictors of epilepsy in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy term neonates
Authors: Kumar Love , Jeergal Nazeer A. , Thobbi A. N.
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in term infants. Neonates with severe HIE are at high risk for long-term neurological consequences, including epilepsy. This study aims to identify clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging predictors of epilepsy in HIE neonates.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 term neonates diagnosed with HIE at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in India. Data including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, clinical features, neuroimaging results (MRI/CT), serum lactate levels, and EEG findings were collected. Epilepsy was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and EEG findings.
Results: Of 100 neonates with HIE, 28 (28%) developed epilepsy by 6 months. Significant predictors included low Apgar score at 1 minute (≤3) (p<0.01), early onset seizures (within 24 hours) (p<0.01), and severe HIE (p=0.02). Basal ganglia and cortical injury on neuroimaging were more common in the epilepsy group (p=0.01, p=0.03). Elevated lactate levels (>5 mmol/l) were associated with epilepsy (p=0.02). Abnormal EEG findings were observed in 78.57% of epileptic neonates (p<0.001). Logistic regression identified several independent predictors: Apgar score ≤3, early seizures, severe HIE, brain injury, elevated lactate levels, and abnormal EEG.
Conclusions: Early clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging factors are strong predictors of epilepsy in term neonates with HIE. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention to improve long-term outcomes.
Occupational skin dermatosis among dental lab technicians in Khartoum state, 2023-2024
Authors: Abbas Razan Mohamed Alamin , Magzoub Abdelrahman , Alagraa Bakri Al , Almuutairi Nawaf
Published: February 2025

Background: Occupational skin dermatosis is of a significant concern among dental lab technicians due to their exposure to chemicals and materials used in dental prosthetics. These exposures can lead to various skin conditions, impacting the health and productivity of the workforce. To determine the prevalence, clinical features and associated factors of occupational skin dermatosis among dental lab technicians in Khartoum State from 2023 to 2024.
Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 dental lab technicians in Khartoum State. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire, including demographic information, clinical features of skin conditions and use of protective equipment. Analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26, with descriptive and inferential statistics applied to identify significant associations.
Results: Of the 171 participants, 85.4% reported work-related skin symptoms, with dry skin being the most prevalent symptom (100%). Contact with denture material, particularly methyl methacrylate (MMA), was implicated in all reported cases. The use of protective equipment was low, with only 34.2% of participants using gloves or masks regularly. The prevalence of symptoms was significantly associated with the use of MMA and inadequate protective measures.
Conclusions: The study underscores a high prevalence of occupational skin dermatosis among dental lab technicians in Khartoum State, highlighting the need for improved occupational health practices. Implementing training programs on the proper use of protective equipment and regular monitoring of skin health are recommended to mitigate these risks.
Clinicoepidemiological study of pre malignant and malignant lesions among patients attending the dermatology OPD in a tertiary care centre in Puducherry: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: M. Trishna Vaishali , P. Nithiyaa , J. Sheron Christin Armel
Published: February 2025

Background: The growing prevalence of skin cancer worldwide can be understood as the result of increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Fitzpatrick skin type 1 and 2  are at higher risk. They are poorly studied in Asians. Skin cancers accounts for 20%-30% of neoplasms in Caucasians and 2%-4% in Asians. Three million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer and 132 thousand melanomas are diagnosed worldwide every year. The aim of the study is to study the profile of patients with premalignant and malignant skin lesions visiting the dermatology OPD in Puducherry for a period of 3 years.
Methods: Case records of 57,316 patients were studied. 82 case records of premalignant and malignant skin lesions were reviewed and analysed using SPSS software. The prevalence was calculated and also their distribution among age, gender and race was analysed.
Results: 82 cases with 93 premalignant and malignant skin lesions were recorded. 77.4% (n=72) were premalignant lesions and 22.5% (n=21) were malignant lesions. The commonest premalignant lesion was leukoplakia (n=38, 52.78%) followed by actinic Keratosis (n=31, 43.05%), keratoacanthoma (n=2, 2.78%) and Bowens disease (n=1, 1.39%). The commonest malignant tumor in the study was basal cell carcinoma (n=12, 57.14%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n=9, 42.86%). There were no melanomas or lymphomas reported during the study period.
Conclusions: The index of suspicion for the atypical presentations and earlier identification of the premalignant and malignant skin lesions can aid in the selection of appropriate treatment modality and thereby reducing their associated morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of prickly heat baby powder in 0-36 months babies
Authors: Poddar Mohit , Bhargava Sachin , Sangamnerkar Mukund , Kumawat Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Background: Given the unique sensitivity of baby skin, this study emphasizes the importance of effective skincare products that cater to the delicate nature of young children's skin. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of "Prickly Heat Baby Powder," a polyherbal formulation designed to alleviate symptoms associated with prickly heat in infants and toddlers.
Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, multicentric study was conducted across 24 medical facilities in India, the trial involved 500 healthy full-term newborns, infants and toddlers aged 0–36 months. Over a 15 (+1) day period, parents/LAR were instructed to apply the powder after bath and nappy changes.
Results: The study assessed product tolerability and efficacy through paediatric evaluations and subjective feedback from parents. Results indicated that 68.6% of subjects experienced significant symptom resolution, with the product rated as mild and gentle for infant skin. No adverse effects were reported and a high acceptance rate was noted among subjects.
Conclusions: The formulation's natural ingredients, including Yashada bhasma, Neem, Karanja and Khus Khus, were highlighted for their antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a safe alternative to conventional products. This study supports the potential of herbal formulations in paediatric dermatology and suggest that "Prickly Heat Baby Powder" effectively addresses the discomfort associated with prickly heat, aligning with the growing consumer preference for natural skin care solutions for children.
Psychosocial impact of melasma among Sudanese females attending Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching hospital 2020-2021
Authors: Ahmed Lena Mohamed Hamsa , Alagraa Bakri Al , Almuutairi Nawaf , Mohamed Zainab
Published: February 2025

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is defined as capacity to perform the daily activities appropriate to person’s age and his/her major role in the society. Facial appearance plays an important role in self- perception and interaction with others and severe facial blemishes like melasma leave a deleterious impact on patient’s quality of life. This study aimed to assess Psychosocial impact of melasma among Sudanese females attending Khartoum Dermatology Teaching Hospital, 2020-2021.
Methods: This study was an observational cross sectional hospital based study conducted at Khartoum Dermatology and Venereology Teaching Hospital in 2020. The study included 135 melasma patients. In these patients the quality of life was assessed using the melasma quality of life measure (MELASQoL). Furthermore, the patients were evaluated using the melasma area and severity index (MSI). Data collected, were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: More than half (59.6%) of melasma patients were in age group 20-30 years old and more than half (57.9%) of melasma patients were married. Majority (62.3%) of melasma patients had MASI score of less than 3. There was significant association between age and score, gender and score; hence p value was less than 0.05 (<0.05).
Conclusions: Improvement of early detection of impaired quality of life among melasma patients may provide. Effective management and prevention of this complication due to melasma.
Unravelling the role of the skin microbiome in immunodermatological diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Fritts Haily , Frasier Kelly , Herrick Grace , Li Vivian , Sebastiao Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

The skin microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities, is pivotal in maintaining cutaneous homeostasis and modulating immune responses in immunodermatological diseases. This review provides an overview of recent research investigating the interplay between the skin microbiome and autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and acne vulgaris. Current evidence suggests that alterations in the skin microbiome composition, termed dysbiosis, may contribute to disease pathogenesis and exacerbate inflammation in immunodermatological disorders. Furthermore, microbial-derived metabolites and immune-modulating factors produced by commensal bacteria can influence local immune responses and skin barrier function. Future research directions include evaluating how the skin microbiome interacts with the host immune system, identifying microbial biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, and exploring microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics, microbial transplantation, and microbial metabolite supplementation. By leveraging insights from microbiome research, personalized approaches to managing immunodermatological diseases may offer novel therapeutic avenues for restoring skin immune homeostasis and improving patient outcomes.
Evaluating the impact of high-dose vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc supplementation on inflammatory cytokines, lesion severity, and symptom management in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Herrick Grace , Kakarla Sriya , Frasier Kelly , Mukarram Mahnoor , Rodriguez Evadne , Dragovic Milena , Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Welp Hannah
Published: February 2025

This integrative, holistic review critically evaluates the impact of high-dose vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc supplementation on inflammatory cytokine levels, lesion severity, and symptom management in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). By integrating data from recent clinical trials and observational studies, we explore how these supplements influence key aspects of HS pathology. High-dose vitamin D3 has been shown to significantly reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines and decrease lesion severity, suggesting its role in modulating immune responses and improving disease outcomes. Similarly, the antioxidant properties of vitamins C and E are assessed for their ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which may lead to improved symptom management and reduced severity of HS lesions. Zinc supplementation, particularly in the form of zinc sulfate, is examined for its effects on enhancing skin barrier function and decreasing the frequency of disease flares. Collectively, these nutritional interventions may offer a multifaceted approach to HS management, highlighting the potential for combining these supplements to optimize therapeutic outcomes. The findings underscore the need for further research to determine the optimal dosing, duration, and interaction of these supplements with standard HS treatments to establish comprehensive management protocols.
Innovative, affordable and easily obtainable ear pressure devices for keloid management
Authors: Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Kupovics Gabriel , Peddireddy Navya , Acosta Stefany , Edupuganti Neena , Hussaini Afreen , Welp Hannah , O'Malley Ashley , Frasier Kelly
Published: February 2025

Keloids, characterized by excessive collagen production leading to raised, fibrous scars, present a persistent challenge in dermatological care, particularly when they affect sensitive areas such as the ear. This analysis introduces a thorough review of easily accessible specialized ear pressure devices designed to manage and prevent keloid formation through localized, controlled pressure application. These clips feature an advanced pressure-regulating mechanism that delivers consistent, low-level compression to the keloid-affected ear tissue, harnessing principles of mechanotransduction to reduce excessive collagen deposition and promote effective scar remodeling. Constructed from biocompatible, lightweight materials, the easy-to-obtain device features an adjustable fit to accommodate varying ear sizes and shapes, ensuring optimal pressure distribution and patient comfort. This design aims to minimize the need for invasive treatments by providing a non-surgical, patient-controlled method of keloid management. Preliminary research demonstrates improvements in keloid flattening and reduction in associated symptoms, such as itching and discomfort. Future research should focus on refining the device’s pressure modulation capabilities, exploring long-term efficacy across diverse patient populations, and evaluating its potential integration into comprehensive keloid treatment protocols. Easily accessible and affordable keloid pressure clips represent a significant advancement in keloid care, offering a targeted, minimally invasive solution with the potential to transform therapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes in dermatology.
Propuestas para continuar fortaleciendo el marco fiscal en Uruguay
Authors: González Bravo Hermann Esteban , Rodríguez Jorge
Published: February 2025

El objetivo general de este estudio es formular sugerencias para continuar fortaleciendo el marco fiscal de Uruguay e incorporar tanto las lecciones aprendidas en la etapa de implementación, como las tendencias internacionales en la materia.
Your Illness. Second Person Narrative in Non-Fictional Stories of Health Crises
Authors: Jeziorska-Haładyj Joanna
Published: February 2025

Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, z czego wynika zwiększona frekwencja form drugiej osoby w niefikcjonalnych narracjach poświęconych chorobie. Analizie poddane zostały dzienniki chorych na oddziałach intensywnej terapii, pisane w ich zastępstwie przez pielęgniarki, autobiograficzna miniatura "Handwashing Dishes" Melissy Olson-Petrie oraz książka Maryi Hornbacher "Wasted" dotycząca zmagań autorki z zaburzeniami jedzenia. W każdym z przypadków narracyjne “ty” pełni różne funkcje, różne są też motywacje użycia tej nietypowej formy. „Nienaturalna” sytuacja narracyjna zdaje się odpowiadać „nienaturalnej” sytuacji kryzysu zdrowotnego.
SHHH itty/oah. Raymond Federman's Autobiographical Strategies
Authors: Sadzik Piotr
Published: February 2025

Artykuł stanowi analizę wydanego pośmiertnie "Shhh: The Story of a Childhood" Raymonda Federmana. Federman krąży w książce dookoła sceny pierwotnej swojego pisania, kiedy to matka wepchnęła go do szafy i szepcząc „szzz”, ukryła go przed Gestapo. Przyglądam się temu, w jaki sposób autor, podważając rzekomo autobiograficzną narrację o ocaleniu, rozbraja zarazem dyskurs wzniosłości, który zaważył nad wieloma dyskusjami o Zagładzie. Z tego powodu analizuję obecne w pisarstwie Federmana sploty skatologii i dosadnego przedstawiania seksualności.