bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Tribological Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Film with Cr Doping by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhuang Wenjian , Ding Jicheng , Liu Yuan , Yu Weibo , Yang Ying , Liu Xingguang , Yuan Jing , Zheng Jun
Published: July 2024

The present study aims to investigate the advantages of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films in reducing friction and lubrication to address issues such as the low surface hardness, high friction coefficients, and poor wear resistance of titanium alloys. Cr-doped DLC films were deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of Ar and C2H2. The energy of the deposited particles was controlled by adjusting the target powers, and four sets of film samples with different powers (4 kW, 8 kW, 12 kW, and 16 kW) were fabricated. The results showed that with an increase in target power, the Cr content increased from 3.73 at. % to 22.65 at. %; meanwhile, the microstructure of the film evolved from an amorphous feature to a nanocomposite structure, with carbide embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. The sp2-C bond content was also increased in films, suggesting an intensification of the film’s graphitization. The hardness of films exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, reaching the maximum value at 12 kW. The friction coefficient and wear rate of films showed a reverse trend compared to hardness variation, namely initially decreasing and then increasing. The friction coefficient reached a minimum value of 0.14, and the wear rate was 2.50 × 10−7 (mm3)/(N·m), at 8 kW. The abrasive wear was the primary wear mechanism for films deposited at a higher target power. Therefore, by adjusting the target power parameter, it is possible to control the content of the metal and sp2/sp3 bonds in metal-doped DLC films, thereby regulating the mechanical and tribological properties of the films and providing an effective approach for addressing surface issues in titanium alloys.
Research and Analysis of Woodblock Printing Ink from the Qing Dynasty Used in the Shuyede Press of Shandong
Authors: Li Jing , Dong Qianqian , Shi Shuxuan , Li Yuhu
Published: July 2024

Archival writing material is an important carrier to record and reflect archival content, and its material and durability are closely related to the life of archives. The “Shuyede” press in Shandong Province, which originated in the reign of Kangxi (1662 AD–1722 AD) in the Qing dynasty, printed many important archives and ancient books of the Qing dynasty (1644 AD–1911 AD). In order to explore the material composition of woodblock printing ink from the Shuyede press, modern analytical and detection techniques such as scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were applied for the analysis and identification of the ink on woodblock plates from the Shuyede press. The results showed that two kinds of printing ink—pine soot ink and oil soot ink—used were in these woodblocks from the Shuyede press in the Qing dynasty in the collection of Shandong Museum, and the binding material in the ink was animal glue, indicating that both pine and oil soot inks were used as printing ink in the Qing dynasty.
Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Composites Using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Rheo-Squeeze Casting Technique: Microstructural and Mechanical Performance Evaluation for Bone Fixture Applications
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar , Mohankumar Ashokkumar , Reddy Botta Rajendra Prasad , Chong William Woei Fong , Thangamani Geethapriyan , Gupta Manoj
Published: July 2024

Magnesium-based biomaterials have recently been in the research spotlight in the field of biomedical engineering owing to their properties, such as density and biocompatibility that closely align with those of human bone. However, poor strength and rapid degradation impede their application as bone support fixtures. The present research aims to tailor the properties of Mg by using a novel ultrasonic-assisted rheo-squeeze casting approach. To satisfy the demand, pure Mg (Mg), MHA (Mg/5%HA), MZHA (Mg-1%Zn/5%HA/), and MSHA (Mg-1%Sn/5%HA) were fabricated, and various mechanical tests were conducted to assess the composite’s mechanical properties, including its microhardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The microstructural and fractured morphology of the composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas their elemental composition was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with elemental mapping. Comparing the MZHA, MHA, and pure Mg samples, the mechanical behavior of MSHA is significantly superior. This is due to composites containing Sn that possess finer-grained materials, which act as barriers to dislocation motion while increasing the strength of the materials. From the observed results, there is a significant improvement in the microhardness of MSHA of 64.5% when compared to that of pure Mg, and 42.7% compared to MHA. Furthermore, MSHA composites possess noticeable enhancements in tensile and compression performance of 80.8% and 58.3%, respectively, and 19% and 22.4% compared to MHA. Additionally, the impact and flexural performance of MSHA composites exhibit higher performance (41% and 42%) than pure Mg and 8% and 7% against the MHA composite.
Numerical Modeling of Hybrid Solar/Thermal Conversion Efficiency Enhanced by Metamaterial Light Scattering for Ultrathin PbS QDs-STPV Cell
Authors: Baitiche Oussama , Bendelala Fathi , Cheknane Ali , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Comini Elisabetta
Published: July 2024

Ultrathin cells are gaining popularity due to their lower weight, reduced cost, and enhanced flexibility. However, compared to bulk cells, light absorption in ultrathin cells is generally much lower. This study presents a numerical simulation of a metamaterial light management structure made of ultrathin lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) sandwiched between a top ITO grating and a tungsten backing to develop an efficient hybrid solar/thermophotovoltaic cell (HSTPVC). The optical properties were computed using both the finite integration technique (FIT) and the finite element method (FEM). The absorptance enhancement was attributed to the excitations of magnetic polaritons (MP), surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), and lossy mode resonance (LMR). The HSTPVC with the metamaterial optical light management structure was assessed for short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and conversion efficiency. The results show a conversion efficiency of 18.02% under AM 1.5 solar illumination and a maximum thermophotovoltaic conversion efficiency of 12.96% at TB = 1600 K. The HSTPVC can operate in a hybrid solar/thermal conversion state when the ITO grating is included by combining the advantages of QDs and metamaterials. This work highlights the potential for developing a new generation of hybrid STPV cells through theoretical modeling and numerical simulations.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Analysis of Probenecid and Pyridine Compound Salts
Authors: Zhang Menglong , Hou Xinyu , Yu Fuhai , Zhang Liang , Hou Baohong , Zhou Lina , Xie Chuang , Wu Songgu , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to address the issue of the low solubility in the model drug probenecid (PRO) and its impact on bioavailability. Two salts of probenecid (PRO), 4-aminopyridine (4AMP), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4DAP) were synthesized and characterized by PXRD, DSC, TGA, FTIR, and SEM. The crystal structures of the two salts were determined by SCXRD, demonstrating that the two salts exhibited different hydrogen bond networks, stacking modes, and molecular conformations of PRO. The solubility of PRO and its salts in a phosphate-buffered solution (pH = 6.8) at 37 °C was determined, the results showed that the solubility of PRO salts increased to 142.83 and 7.75 times of the raw drug, respectively. Accelerated stability experiments (40 °C, 75% RH) showed that the salts had good phase stability over 8 weeks. Subsequently, Hirshfeld surface (HS), atom in molecules (AIM), and independent gradient model (IGM) were employed for the assessment of intermolecular interactions. The analyses of salt-forming sites and principles were conducted using molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEPs) and pKa rules. The lattice energy (EL) and hydration-free energy (EHF) of PRO and its salts were calculated, and the relationships between these parameters and melting points and the solubility changes were analyzed.
A Visual Representation for Accurate Local Basis Set Construction and Optimization: A Case Study of SrTiO3 with Hybrid DFT Functionals
Authors: Zvejnieks Guntars , Rusevich Leonid L. , Heifets Eugene , Kotomin Eugene , Gryaznov Denis
Published: July 2024

The linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method is advantageous for calculating important bulk and surface properties of crystals and defects in/on them. Compared to plane wave calculations and contrary to common assumptions, hybrid density functional theory (DFT) functionals are actually less costly and easier to implement in LCAO codes. However, choosing the proper basis set (BS) for the LCAO calculations representing Guassian-type functions is crucial, as the results depend heavily on its quality. In this study, we introduce a new basis set (BS) visual representation, which helps us (1) analyze the collective behavior of individual atoms’ shell exponents (s, p, and d), (2) better compare different BSs, (3) identify atom-type invariant relationships, and (4) suggest a robust method for building a local all-electron BS (denoted as BS1) from scratch for each atom type. To compare our BS1 with the others existing in the literature, we calculate the basic bulk properties of SrTiO3 (STO) in cubic and tetragonal phases using several hybrid DFT functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, and HSE06). After adjusting the exact Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange of PBEx, HSEx, and the state-of-the-art meta-GGA hybrid r2SCANx functionals, we find the r2SCAN15 and HSE27 for BS1, with the amount of exact HF exchange of 0.15 and 0.27, respectively, perform equally well for reproducing several most relevant STO properties. The proposed robust BS construction scheme has the advantage that all parameters of the obtained BS can be reoptimized for each new material, thus increasing the quality of DFT calculation predictions.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Estimated Endpoint Titer of NOVA View in Indirect Immunofluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Testing
Authors: Cho Hae Weon , Jeong Soon-Ho , Hong Jun Sung , Kim Dokyun , Park Yongjung , Jeong Seok Hoon
Published: July 2024

For antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening, the gold standard method is an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) using HEp-2 cells, and a serial dilution test is needed to determine the endpoint titer. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated endpoint titer (eEPT) by the NOVA View system, by comparing it with the EPT by the serial dilution method (dEPT). The endpoint titers of a total of 1518 ANA positive cases with five major patterns including speckled, homogeneous, centromere, nucleolar, and nuclear dots patterns were determined using both the estimation function and the serial dilution method by the NOVA View system. A significant correlation between the light intensity unit (LIU) values and dEPTs was identified in all five patterns with high ρ values, ranging from 0.666 to 0.832. However, the overall exact match rate between dEPT and eEPT was 22.1% (336/1518), with the ±one-titer match rate being highest in the centromere pattern (62.8%, 81/129), and lowest in the homogeneous pattern (37.6%, 200/532). This suggests that while LIU values correlate well with dEPT, there are discrepancies in numerical agreement. Most cases that did not show an exact match, showed one-to-three-titer overestimations by eEPT. Therefore, adjusting eEPT downward significantly improved the concordance rates with dEPTs. Further investigation for an appropriate cutoff of LIU values for determining eEPT should be performed for clinical application and contribution to the standardization of the ANA titer.
Handheld Ultrasound Parameters of Lower Limb Muscles versus Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Parameters for Skeletal Muscle Assessments in Arabic Female Adults
Authors: Alamoudi Nada H. , Aldisi Dara , El-Sharkawy Mohamed S. , Abulmeaty Mahmoud M. A.
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound (US) is a promising tool for skeletal muscle assessment; however, US studies have scarcely focused on Arabic populations. This study examined the association of handheld US indicators and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters in healthy Arabic females. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 healthy Arabic females whose muscle thickness (MT) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the rectus femoris (RF) were measured alongside their MT and pennation angle (PA) of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle (both muscles on the dominant side). Anthropometric and body composition analyses quantified fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM). Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and physical activity levels were recorded with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The CSA of the RF and the MT of both the RF and MG correlated significantly with FFM and ASMM. The PA of MG showed no significant correlations with ASMM, FFM, or handgrip strength. The CSA of RF was significantly correlated with handgrip strength (r = 0.313, p = 0.015), while the PA of MG correlated positively with GPAQ score (r = 0.346, p = 0.007). The CSA of RF significantly predicted both ASMM (β = 0.883, p = 0.0002) and FFM (β = 1.935, p = 0.0001). In conclusion, handheld US parameters, especially the RF’s CSA, correlate with and can predict BIA-based FFM and ASMM in healthy females.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlation Model for the Spectrum of TYR-Associated Albinism
Authors: Bjeloš Mirjana , Ćurić Ana , Bušić Mladen , Rak Benedict , Kuzmanović Elabjer Biljana
Published: July 2024

We present two children aged 3 and 5 years who share identical TYR genotype, yet exhibit contrasting phenotypic manifestations in terms of eye, skin, and hair coloration. The patients are heterozygous for TYR c.1A>G, p. (Met1?), which is pathogenic, and homozygous for TYR c.1205G>A, p. (Arg402Gln), which is classified as a risk factor. The children manifested diminished visual acuity, nystagmus, and foveal hypoplasia. The first patient presented with hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and ocular tissues, while the second patient presented with hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid with dark brown irises. Furthermore, the brown-eyed subject presented astigmatic refractive error and both global and local stereopsis capabilities, contrasting with the presentation of hypermetropia, strabismus, and the absence of stereopsis in the blue-eyed individual. Herein, we propose a genotype–phenotype correlation model to elucidate the diverse clinical presentations stemming from biallelic and triallelic pathogenic variants in TYR, establishing a link between the residual tyrosinase activity and resultant phenotypes. According to our proposed model, the severity of TYR variants correlates with distinct albino phenotypes. Our findings propose the potential association between reduced pigmentation levels in ocular tissues and binocular functions, suggesting pigmentation as a possible independent variable influencing the onset of strabismus—an association unreported until now in the existing literature.
Elementary School Teachers’ Enactment of a Content Literacy Curriculum in a Virtual Tutoring Program for Multilingual Students
Authors: Relyea Jackie E. , Davis Dennis S. , Dawson Sarah Dempsey , Dobis Corrie
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the usability of a content literacy curriculum designed for graduate students’ practicum experience in a virtual after-school tutoring program for U.S. third-grade multilingual students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored teacher perceptions of the successes and challenges encountered while implementing the curriculum. This study involved 12 elementary school teachers enrolled in a graduate school professional development program to fulfill their practicum requirements. The curriculum emphasized a thematic unit that utilized conceptually coherent texts across science and social studies, comprehension monitoring, academic vocabulary network building, and academic conversation. An analysis of teachers’ written reflections revealed that a significant success was the enhancement of students’ engagement in learning concepts and building vocabulary through high-interest informational texts. Teachers also recognized critical teaching moments that underscored the importance of developing interconnected knowledge structures for effective text comprehension and learning. However, the study identified a need for targeted and individualized scaffolding to support students with reading comprehension challenges, making complex texts more accessible. Additionally, the shift to remote teaching necessitated the development of a new pedagogical model for professional development to effectively address the evolving needs of teachers in virtual learning environments.
Teacher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tensions and Challenges of Initial Teacher Training Practices
Authors: Vanegas-Ortega Carlos , Fuentealba Jara Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study is to characterize the ways of understanding and functioning of the formative triads of pedagogical practices, based on the decisions, tensions, and challenges faced by the initial teacher training programs in times of pandemic. The research used a qualitative-phenomenological perspective, inquiring into natural situations experienced by the formative triads of the pedagogical careers of 23 Chilean universities with recognized trajectories in teacher training. The interviews were conducted when the country was in a health emergency, that is, when schools and universities were carrying out remote teaching. The results show that the pandemic transformed the collaborative links between schools and universities, some links were broken, and others were strengthened, showing that the functioning of the triads is more declarative than real. In addition, the trainers (university tutor teacher and school guide teacher) faced two disconnected scenarios (school and university) that did not provide them with clear guidelines and concrete support for the development of their roles. This research has relevance for teacher training programs because it stresses the design of action plans to give continuity to practices in emergency situations and orients the evaluation of practice models to decide if they have the conditions to implement a model based on the formative triad.
Aligning Teaching Philosophy Statements with Practice: An Evidence-Based Approach Using Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocols
Authors: Blake John
Published: July 2024

Teaching philosophy statements are often declarations of beliefs interspersed with descriptions and metaphors. The disjuncture between the stated philosophy and actual teaching has been raised by numerous academics. This case study addresses the neglected area of grounding teaching philosophies on actual teacher behaviour rather than on espoused beliefs. This study includes a replicable framework for teachers to create evidence-based teaching philosophy statements through a systematic investigation of their actual teaching practices. A retrospective think-aloud protocol was used to recount a lesson. Using a transcript of the recount, the teacher’s actions were identified, extracted, and justified following pre-determined protocols. References to theoretical and empirical studies supporting or contradicting the justifications were checked in the research literature. To counteract potential self-bias, colleagues’ views on the reasons selected were surveyed. The discrepancy between the teacher’s justification of actions and the peers’ perspectives revealed hitherto hidden idiosyncrasies and underlying values.
Curriculum Considerations for Developing Mathematical Talent in Elementary Students
Authors: Gavin M. Katherine
Published: July 2024

To effectively nurture the talents of elementary students with mathematical talent they need to be challenged with an advanced curriculum that is designed with their specific needs in mind. The purpose of this paper is to describe an effective model for developing such a curriculum and explore effective, research-based examples of curriculum and instruction using this model. The paper begins with a review of literature covering a broadened definition of mathematical talent that showcases the need for a more complex and multi-dimensional curriculum to nurture their talents. Next, evidence-based curriculum considerations for talented students at the elementary level are explored. Essential characteristics of mathematics curriculum for talented students are detailed including a focus on advanced content, conceptual development and higher-level processes akin to those used by mathematicians. Accompanying research-based instructional strategies to increase challenge, complexity, and creativity are outlined. Examples at the primary and elementary grade levels are provided to illustrate effective, research-based curriculum and instruction that develop mathematical talent in advanced students.
Humidity Diffusion Process Analysis and Life Prediction of a VSC-HVDC Control Protection Device Based on a Finite Element Simulation Method
Authors: Li Changgeng , Cheng Yutao , Hou Xiaochao
Published: July 2024

Voltage Source Converter-based High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission (VSC-HVDC) is essential for integrating renewable energy sources and facilitating inter-regional power transmission. This study evaluates the reliability of control and protection devices within these systems, which are crucial for the stable operation of power grids. Humidity significantly affects both the operational conditions and lifespan of these devices. Previous studies, reliant on extensive full-condition fatigue testing, have lacked effective test models and detailed analyses of mechanisms. To address this gap, a humidity diffusion model was developed to comprehensively investigate moisture diffusion mechanisms. Using the insights gained, the Hallberg–Peck model was applied to predict the lifespan of these devices, quantitatively assessing how changes in humidity affect their reliability. This approach employs a stringent failure criterion, leading to a conservative predicted lifespan. This method achieved a prediction accuracy of 85.648% compared to the benchmarks in GB/T 2423.50-2012, validating the accuracy of our model and the effectiveness of our simulation technology under stringent conditions. This research provides vital theoretical data and serves as an essential tool for guiding the precise maintenance of equipment in varying environmental humidity levels.
An Adaptive Learning Control for MIMO Nonlinear System with Nonuniform Trial Lengths and Invertible Control Gain Matrix
Authors: Ding Yaqiong , Jia Hanguang , Wei Yunshan , Xu Qingyuan , Wan Kai
Published: July 2024

In the traditional iterative learning control (ILC) method, the operational time interval is conventionally fixed to facilitate a seamless learning process along the iteration axis. However, this condition may frequently be contravened in real-time applications owing to unknown uncertainties and unpredictable factors. In essence, replicating a control system at a consistent time interval proves challenging in practical scenarios. This paper proposes an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method for the multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear system with nonuniform trial lengths and an invertible control gain matrix. Compared to the existing AILC research that features nonuniform trial lengths, the control gain matrix of the system in this paper is assumed to be invertible. Hence, the general requirement in the conventional AILC method that the control gain matrix of the system is positive-definite (or negative-definite) or even known is relaxed. Moreover, the tracking reference allows it to be iteration-varying. Finally, to prove the convergence of the system, the composite energy function is introduced and to verify the validity of the AILC method, a robot movement imitation with an uncalibrated camera system is used. The simulation results show that the actual output can track the desired reference trajectory well, and the tracking error converges to zero after 30 iterations.
Decoding the Developmental Trajectory of Energy Trading in Power Markets through Bibliometric and Visual Analytics
Authors: Sun Yu , Ma Zhiqiang , Chi Xiaomeng , Duan Jiaqi , Li Mingxing , Khan Asad Ullah
Published: July 2024

This research leverages bibliometric methodologies, enhanced by the visual analytics capabilities of CiteSpace, to meticulously examine the evolution and current trends in energy trading within power markets, analyzing 642 scholarly articles from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning from 1996 to 2023. The study aims to illuminate the prevailing research landscape, growth patterns, and future directions in energy trading dynamics. Key findings include: (1) A noticeable escalation in the volume of publications, especially from 2021 to 2023, indicating a burgeoning interest and rapid evolution in this research area; (2) The author and institutional collaboration networks are in a nascent stage, with a predominantly China-centric international collaboration pattern, including significant partnerships with the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom; (3) The focal points of research are centered around themes such as “energy management”, “demand-side innovation”, “decentralized energy trading”, and “strategic optimization”, covering areas such as intelligent grid technologies, energy market dynamics, and sustainable energy solutions. The study recommends enhancing collaborative networks, fusing technological and strategic dimensions in research, increasing focus and funding for emerging technologies, and promoting wider international and cross-disciplinary collaborations to enrich the understanding of energy trading dynamics in the context of electricity markets.
Effect of Supporting Carbon Fiber Anode by Activated Coconut Carbon in the Microbial Fuel Cell Fed by Molasses Decoction from Yeast Production
Authors: Włodarczyk Paweł P. , Włodarczyk Barbara
Published: July 2024

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioelectrochemical system that generates electrical energy using electroactive micro-organisms. These micro-organisms convert chemical energy found in substances like wastewater into electrical energy while simultaneously treating the wastewater. Thus, MFCs serve a dual purpose, generating energy and enhancing wastewater treatment processes. Due to the high construction costs of MFCs, there is an ongoing search for alternative solutions to improve their efficiency and reduce production costs. This study aimed to improvement of MFC operation and minimize MFC costs by using anode material derived from by-products. Therefore, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) was abandoned, and a stainless steel cathode and a carbon anode were used. To improve the cell’s efficiency, a carbon fiber anode supplemented with activated coconut carbon (ACCcfA) was utilized. Micro-organisms were provided with molasses decoction (a by-product of yeast production) to supply the necessary nutrients for optimal functioning. For comparison, an anode made solely of carbon fibers (CFA) and an anode composed of activated carbon grains without carbon fibers (ACCgA) were also tested. The results indicated that the ACCcfA system achieved the highest cell voltage, power density, and COD reduction efficiency (compared to the CFA and ACCgA electrodes). Additionally, the study demonstrated that incorporating activated coconut carbon significantly enhances the performance of the MFC when powered by a by-product of yeast production.
Research on Parameter Correction of Distribution Network Model Based on CIM Model and Measurement Data
Authors: Zhou Ke , Wu Lifang , Zhang Biyun , Yao Ruotian , Bai Hao , Yang Weichen , Xu Min
Published: July 2024

The construction of an energy distribution network can improve the system’s ability to absorb new energy, and its stable and efficient operation has become more and more important. The security and stability analysis of a distribution network needs accurate distribution network model parameters as support. At present, the installation of PMU equipment in China’s distribution network synchronous phase angle measurement unit is limited, which brings challenges to the parameter correction of the distribution network. In this paper, an automatic correction algorithm of distribution network parameters based on the CIM model and measurement data is proposed for the distribution network system without PMU. Firstly, the distribution network topology construction technology based on XML files and key fields of the distribution network is proposed, and the non/small impedance devices (such as switches) are merged and reduced. The breadth-first traversal algorithm is used to verify the connectivity of the constructed topology. Then, based on the topology construction and the least squares method, an iterative parameter correction technique is constructed. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified in a standard IEEE 33-bus system distribution network and an example of the China Southern Power Grid. The topology connections constructed based on the CIM model have significantly enhanced the efficiency of parameter correction.
Evolution and Paradigm Shift in Forest Health Research: A Review of Global Trends and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Acosta-Muñoz Cristina , Navarro-Cerrillo Rafael , Bonet-García Francisco , Ruiz-Gómez Francisco , González-Moreno Pablo
Published: July 2024

Forest health is an attractive concept in forestry research, which environmental, social, and political interests have shaped. Assessing forest health is crucial, but finding a single definition of the concept is complex. It is determined by the aim of the forest study, different areas of knowledge, scales of work, technology, methodologies, the historical moment, or the source of funding, among others. With almost a century of scientific evidence, the aim is to identify and contextualise temporal changes in the relevance of this key concept. Trends are analysed through the construction of three main descriptors (state variables, drivers, and methods) and the main conceptual subdomains (themes). This review reveals the significant geographical bias driven by diverse needs and interests. Methodologies have evolved from traditional inventories to the use of advanced tools such as remote sensing or ecophysiology, improving forest characterisation at both global and individual scales. Research has evolved from unicausality towards holistic and multidisciplinary approaches, influencing research to date and future scenarios. We identified key knowledge gaps in the scientific literature, particularly the concepts of ecosystem services, Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) and the concept of “one health”. These findings highlight the need for a research assessment, future directions, and scenarios for forest health research.
The Effect of Allulose on the Attenuation of Glucose Release from Rice in a Static In Vitro Digestion Model
Authors: Hammond Leila , Wurtele Megan , de Almeida Ricardo , Silva Constança , DeBlasi Janine , Lu Yan , Bellissimo Nick
Published: July 2024

Allulose is a rare sugar that provides <10% of the energy but 70% of the sweetness of sucrose. Allulose has been shown to attenuate glycemic responses to carbohydrate-containing foods in vivo. This study aimed to determine the optimal allulose dose for minimizing in vitro glucose release from rice compared to a rice control and fructose. A triphasic static in vitro digestion method was used to evaluate the in vitro digestion of a rice control compared to the co-digestion of rice with allulose (10 g, 20 g, and 40 g) and fructose (40 g). In vitro glucose release was affected by treatment (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), and treatment-by-time interaction (p = 0.002). Allulose (40 g) resulted in a reduction in in vitro glucose release from rice alone and rice digested with allulose (10 g), allulose (20 g), and fructose. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for in vitro glucose release was lower after allulose (40 g) (p = 0.005) compared to rice control and allulose (10 g) but did not differ from allulose (20 g) or fructose. This study demonstrates that allulose reduces glucose release from carbohydrates, particularly at higher doses, underscoring its potential as a food ingredient with functional benefits.
Influence of Mineral Liquid Fertilization on the Plant Growth of Perennials on Sheep’s Wool–Coir–Vegetation Mats
Authors: Herfort Susanne , Maß Virginia , Hüneburg Amelie , Grüneberg Heiner
Published: July 2024

Perennials are usually pre-cultivated on vegetation mats consisting of coconut fiber (coir), which require weather-dependent irrigation and regular fertilization with fast-acting fertilizer to achieve a saleable condition as quickly as possible. In the pre-cultivation of sheep’s wool–coir–vegetation mats, nitrogen (N) is already sufficiently contained in the vegetation mats due to the natural nitrogen content of the sheep’s wool fibers, so that additional liquid fertilization during pre-cultivation can be dispensed with if necessary. In this study, sheep’s wool–coir–vegetation mats of 4.5 kg/m2 were pre-cultivated with 16 perennial plants (8 species) in 2018. Variant 1 (V1) received regular fertilization with mineral liquid fertilizer (total 8.7 g N/m2) during pre-cultivation. Variant 2 (V2) was not fertilized during pre-cultivation. In spring 2019, all pre-cultivated vegetation mats were lifted and laid on an area prepared with topsoil. No additional fertilization was applied after laying. The overall impression, plant height, number of flowering perennials, and plant coverage were examined in the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, with only minor differences observed between V1 and V2. The number of flowers, biomass, and nitrogen content were determined for the two aster species used. There were differences between V1 and V2 in 2018, but not in 2019. The coverage of perennials of 50%, which is the prerequisite for the saleability of the vegetation mats, was already achieved on both V1 and V2 after 4 months of pre-cultivation. The overall impression of the perennials on both V1 and V2 also did not differ during pre-cultivation nor in the following year. Therefore, liquid fertilization is not necessary during the pre-cultivation of perennials on sheep’s wool–coir–vegetation mats.
The Influence of Varying Wavelengths of LED Light on the Development, Physiology Response, and Metabolism Activities of Micropropagated Dendrobium Hybrid ‘Shuijing’ Plantlets
Authors: Huo Jiaran , Lin Qiongyu , Mo Liwen , Zheng Lifang , Meng Xinya , Song Xiqiang , Liang Jinfeng , Chen Tiangang
Published: July 2024

Dendrobium hybrids have a significant role in the present floral sector. The aim of this research was to evaluate how various light qualities affect the physiological and biochemical traits of Dendrobium ‘Shuijing’. In order to determine the optimal light quality for in vitro cultivation of Dendrobium plantlets, we examined the correlations between growth, antioxidant capacity, and nutrient and chlorophyll levels, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. The growth rate was compared by using different light qualities emitted by the LED light source. These included red light (R), blue light (B), and three ratios: 8R:2B, 7R:3B, and equal proportions of both colors, known as white, fluorescent light (CK). The combination of 7R:3B resulted in noticeable enhancements in leaf count, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant capability, as well as chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Specifically, the mixture of red and blue LED lights at a ratio of 7R:3B led to increased leaf number, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant ability, and chlorophyll content with improved fluorescence. In order to explore the effect of light quality on the growth and development of Dendrobium, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of plants under all light quality conditions were analyzed by using a linear regression model with other physiological and biochemical indexes. A significant correlation between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and leaf length was also observed. The content of chlorophyll b showed significant correlations with both root number and leaf number. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, along with its ratio to chlorophyll b, significantly correlated with root length. Chlorophyll b and the relative electron transport rate of PSII (ETRII) significantly correlated with root activity and the free proline content (FPC) and catalase (CAT) activity. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) significantly correlated with total soluble sugars content (SSC) and peroxidase (POD) activity. The correlation between the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be significant. Similarly, the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) showed significant correlations with fresh weight, dry weight, soluble protein content (SPC), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Through a principal component analysis (PCA), it was observed that plants cultivated under the 7R:3B light treatment achieved significantly better comprehensive scores compared to those grown under different light treatments. In conclusion, growth achieved under an LED emitting a ratio of 7R:3B light yielded the most robust Dendrobium hybrid plantlets within a controlled environment.
Genotyping of Autochthonous Rose Populations in the Netherlands for Effective Ex Situ Gene Conservation Management
Authors: Buiteveld Joukje , Smolka Alisia , Smulders Marinus J. M.
Published: July 2024

Most wild rose species in the Netherlands belong to Rosa section Caninae (dogroses), with Rosa arvensis (section Synstylae) and Rosa spinosissima (section Pimpinellifoliae) as other indigenous species. All species are rare, often found in small populations or as scattered individuals, except for Rosa canina and Rosa corymbifera. Conservation strategies have been developed for these roses, with a focus on ex situ methods, including clonal archives and seed orchards, using vegetative propagation from the original shrubs. Efficient collection management aims at preservation of maximum genetic diversity with a minimum of duplicated genotypes. However, dogrose taxonomy is complex because of species hybridization, different ploidy levels, and their matroclinal inheritance due to Canina meiosis. They can also reproduce vegetatively through root suckers. In order to assess the genetic structure and the levels of genetic diversity and clonality within and among the wild rose populations in the Netherlands, we genotyped individuals in wild populations and accessions in the ex situ gene bank with 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed 337 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) from 511 sampled individuals, with some MLGs shared across different species and sites. The genetic structure analysis showed distinct clusters separating non-dogrose species from the Caninae section. Geographic distribution of MLGs indicated both local and widespread occurrences. Redundancy analysis identified 152 distinct MLGs from 244 gene bank accessions, suggesting a 38% redundancy rate. Core collections were optimized to retain genetic diversity with minimal redundancy, selecting subsets of 20–40 individuals from different species groups. The study highlights the value of genetic characterization in guiding sampling strategies for dogroses. We propose a two-step approach that may be used to reveal clonality and redundancy and to optimize core collections of species that combine sexual and vegetative reproduction, to maximize genetic capture in ex situ gene banks.
Toll-like Receptor Homologue CD180 Ligation of B Cells Upregulates Type I IFN Signature in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Erdő-Bonyár Szabina , Rapp Judit , Subicz Rovéna , Filipánits Kristóf , Minier Tünde , Kumánovics Gábor , Czirják László , Berki Tímea , Simon Diána
Published: July 2024

Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling has been shown to be upregulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Dysregulated B-cell functions, including antigen presentation, as well as antibody and cytokine production, all of which may be affected by IFN-I signaling, play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated the IFN-I signature in 71 patients with the more severe form of the disease, diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Activation via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can influence the IFN-I signaling cascade; thus, we analyzed the effects of the TLR homologue CD180 ligation on the IFN-I signature in B cells. CD180 stimulation augmented the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in dcSSc B cells (p = 0.0123). The expression of IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1) in non-switched memory B cells producing natural autoantibodies was elevated in dcSSc (p = 0.0109), which was enhanced following anti-CD180 antibody treatment (p = 0.0125). Autoantibodies to IFN-Is (IFN-alpha and omega) correlated (dcSSc p = 0.0003, HC p = 0.0192) and were present at similar levels in B cells from dcSSc and HC, suggesting their regulatory role as natural autoantibodies. It can be concluded that factors other than IFN-alpha may contribute to the elevated IFN-I signature of dcSSc B cells, and one possible candidate is B-cell activation via CD180.
Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Blood Plasma Revealed Marker Proteins Involved in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Glazyrin Yury E. , Veprintsev Dmitry V. , Timechko Elena E. , Minic Zoran , Zamay Tatiana N. , Dmitrenko Diana V. , Berezovski Maxim V. , Kichkailo Anna S.
Published: July 2024

Temporal lobe epilepsy has various origins, involving or not involving structural changes in brain tissue. The mechanisms of epileptogenesis are associated with cell regulation and signaling disruptions expressed in varied levels of proteins. The blood plasma proteomic profiling of temporal lobe epilepsy patients (including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-positive and MRI-negative ones) and healthy volunteers using mass spectrometry and label-free quantification revealed a list of differently expressed proteins. Several apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOD, and APOA4), serpin protease inhibitors (SERPINA3, SERPINF1, etc.), complement components (C9, C8, and C1R), and a total of 42 proteins were found to be significantly upregulated in the temporal lobe epilepsy group. A classification analysis of these proteins according to their biological functions, as well as a review of the published sources, disclosed the predominant involvement of the processes mostly affected during epilepsy such as neuroinflammation, intracellular signaling, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. The presence of several proteins related to the corresponding compensatory mechanisms has been noted. After further validation, the newly identified temporal lobe epilepsy biomarker candidates may be used as epilepsy diagnostic tools, in addition to other less specific methods such as electroencephalography or MRI.
How Progesterone Receptor Expression Impacts Platinum Sensitivity in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: Insights from Clinical and Experimental Perspectives
Authors: Wu Chen-Hsuan , Fu Hung-Chun , Ou Yu-Che , Chuang I-Chieh , Lan Jui , Yang Ming-Yu , Lin Hao
Published: July 2024

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is often considered a relatively platinum-resistant malignancy. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels on platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes in people with OCCC. A retrospective analysis was conducted with 80 people with OCCC who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. PR expression was assessed via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and quantified using the H score. The platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes of patients with weak and strong PR expression were compared. Additionally, cisplatin viability and migration experiments were conducted with OCCC cell lines (ES-2 and TOV-21G) with varying PR isoform expressions. Among the 80 patients, 62 were classified as having platinum-sensitive disease, while 18 had platinum-resistant disease. The mean total PR H- score of platinum-sensitive tumors was significantly higher than that of platinum-resistant tumors (p = 0.002). Although no significant differences in progression-free and overall survival were observed between patients with high and low PR expression, those with high PR expression tended to have longer survival. While PR protein was only weakly detectable in ES-2 and TOV-21G cells, a transfection of the PR-A or PR-B gene resulted in a strong expression of PR-A or PR-B, which led to significantly reduced proliferation and migration in ES-2 and TOV-21G cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PR-A or PR-B enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in these cell lines. In conclusion, strong PR expression was associated with improved platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes, consistent with our experimental findings. The potential of PR as a tumor sensitizer to cisplatin in OCCC warrants further investigation.
Cellular Senescence and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Obesity—A Narrative Review
Authors: Liang Yicong , Kaushal Devesh , Wilson Robert Beaumont
Published: July 2024

This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of obesity, cellular senescence, and exosome release. When exposed to excessive nutrients, adipocytes develop mitochondrial dysfunction and generate reactive oxygen species with DNA damage. This triggers adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia, inhibition of adiponectin secretion and adipogenesis, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and maladaptive unfolded protein response, metaflammation, and polarization of macrophages. Such feed-forward cycles are not resolved by antioxidant systems, heat shock response pathways, or DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in transmissible cellular senescence via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Senescence can thus affect preadipocytes, mature adipocytes, tissue macrophages and lymphocytes, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium, pancreatic β cells, myocytes, hypothalamic nuclei, and renal podocytes. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is closely related to visceral adipose tissue expansion and metaflammation; inhibition of SIRT-1, adiponectin, and autophagy; and increased release of exosomes, exosomal micro-RNAs, pro-inflammatory adipokines, and saturated free fatty acids. The resulting hypernefemia, insulin resistance, and diminished fatty acid β-oxidation lead to lipotoxicity and progressive obesity, metabolic syndrome, and physical and cognitive functional decline. Weight cycling is related to continuing immunosenescence and exposure to palmitate. Cellular senescence, exosome release, and the transmissible senescence-associated secretory phenotype contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Targeted therapies have interrelated and synergistic effects on cellular senescence, obesity, and premature aging.