bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 19 and metabolic factors in obese and normal weight subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study
Authors: Razmi Hamidreza , Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali , Payahoo Laleh , Mobasseri Majid , Amirpour Mahdi , Mirzaei Elham , Ghoreishi Zohre
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) is a metabolic regulating factor with an anti-diabetic effect. This study aimed to evaluate FGF-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with some metabolic risk factors.

Methods

In this case-control study, 80 diabetic patients and 80 non-diabetic individuals were divided into two subgroups based on body mass index (BMI): obese people (BMI≥30) and participants with normal weight (25>BMI≥18.5). Furthermore, stratified analysis by gender was also performed. The metabolic factors were measured and compared in all groups. The relationship between FGF-19 and the measured items was investigated in each group.

Results

The FGF-19 levels did not show a significant difference between groups. The serum levels of FGF-19 were negatively associated with some metabolic items, such as BMI, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.01), and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (p=0.02) only in the healthy group with normal weight. According to the gender-based classification of individuals, FGF-19 showed a significant inverse relationship with BMI, weight (WT), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) (p<0.05) in diabetic men; besides, FGF-19 in non-diabetic women had a significant negative association with TC, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The levels of FGF-19 were negatively correlated to WT, BMI, WC and HC in diabetic males. More studies are needed to warrant these results.
Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide
Authors: Onwona-Agyeman Boateng , Sun Yong , Hattori Hayami
Published: February 2021

Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide (GO) have been studied within the temperature range 15-450 K. Structural properties and surface morphologies of the bulk compressed GO were studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were also used to confirm the presence of graphitic phases and the various functional groups in the GO, respectively. Current-voltage characteristics of the GO measured with gold (Au) electrodes at different temperatures showed no Schottky barrier at the Au/GO interface. At low temperatures and low bias voltages, the electron transport through the compressed GO sample showed no significant voltage dependence, which is consistent with a direct tunneling mechanism at all the bias voltages (0.01 -1.0 V). It was also observed that no Fowler- Nordheim transport mechanism occurred within this bias voltage range.
Effect of TiC on coarsening and macrosegregation of Al–Bi alloys
Authors: Li Congmin , Yin Yanguo , Xu Ming , Cheng Jianfeng , Shen Lan , Zhang Guotao , Chen Qi , Yang Bingxun
Published: February 2021

The microstructures of an Al-Bi immiscible alloy and the corresponding composites containing TiC (1 wt.% and 2 wt.%) were explored for melt temperatures of 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900°C. It was demonstrated that serious coarsening and macrosegregation of Bi-rich minority phase particles occurred, which was slightly alleviated by increasing the melt temperature from 800 °C to 900 °C. By adding TiC particles, the coarsening and macrosegregation of Bi-rich minority phase particles were significantly impeded. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that TiC particles were located inside and on the surface of Bi-rich minority phase particles, exhibiting heterogeneous nucleation and self-assembly behaviour. By properly increasing the holding time of the melt, finer and more uniform Bi-rich minority phase particles were obtained.
Zingerone improves the immune responses in an animal model of breast cancer
Authors: Kazemi Modje , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Taghipour Fereshteh , Oladpour Omolbanin , Rezayati Mohammad Taghi , Khorramdelazad Hossain , Hassan Zuhair Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The potent anti-tumorigenic effects were attributed to ginger and there are some reports regarding the anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties ginger-derived components. This study aimed to investigate the effects of zingerone on some immune-related parameters in an animal model of breast cancer.

Methods

The breast cancer was established in female BALB/c mice using a carcinogenic 4T1 cell line. At day 10 after cancer induction, tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups and treated intraperitoneal (daily from days 11–30) with saline or zingerone (at doses 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day). The mice were sacrificed on day 31 and the number of splenic Th1- and Treg cells, the expression of IFN-γ and TGF-β in the blood mononuclear cells, the antibody production against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) were determined using flow cytometry, real time-PCR and a standard hemagglutination assay, respectively.

Results

Zingerone at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg enhanced the number of splenic Th1 cells (p<0.03 and 0.007, respectively); at doses 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the number of splenic Treg cells (p<0.02, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively), at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg enhanced the expression of IFN-γ (p<0.03), at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the expression of TGF-β, at doses 50 mg/kg reduced the titer of anti-SRBC antibody (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Zingerone improve the T cell-mediated and antibody responses in a mouse model of breast cancer. The immunotherapeutic potentials of zingerone in cancers need more considerations.
A fast multilevel iteration method for solving linear ill-posed integral equations
Authors: Yang Hongqi , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2021

We propose a new concept of noise level:

R
⁢

(

K
*

)

\mathcal{R}(K^{*})

-noise level for ill-posed linear integral equations in Tikhonov regularization, which extends the range of regularization parameter.
This noise level allows us to choose a more suitable regularization parameter.
Moreover, we also analyze error estimates of the approximate solution with respect to this noise level.
For ill-posed integral equations, finding fast and effective numerical methods is a challenging problem.
For this, we formulate a matrix truncated strategy based on multiscale Galerkin method to generate the linear system of Tikhonov regularization for ill-posed linear integral equations, which greatly reduce the computational complexity.
To further reduce the computational cost, a fast multilevel iteration method for solving the linear system is established.
At the same time, we also prove convergence rates of the approximate solution obtained by this fast method with respect to the

R
⁢

(

K
*

)

\mathcal{R}(K^{*})

-noise level under the balance principle.
By numerical results, we show that

R
⁢

(

K
*

)

\mathcal{R}(K^{*})

-noise level is very useful and the proposed method is a fast and effective method, respectively.
Simulative and analytical methods of bidirectional EDFA amplifiers in optical communication links in the optimum case
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: February 2021

This study has demonstrated the simulative and analytical methods of bidirectional EDFA amplifiers in optical communication links in the optimum case. The output power, max. Q factor and light signal/noise ratio variations are clarified with pump power variations at the bidirectional amplification EDFA amplifier for the previous/proposed models at optimum EDFA length of 8 m. As well as the output power and max. Q factor variations with EDFA amplifier length variations are demonstrated at the bidirectional amplification EDFA amplifier for the previous/proposed models at various pump power levels. The optimum operation efficiency case is observed at 8 m EDFA amplifier length and 120 mW pumping power.
Pattern formation in clouds via Turing instabilities
Authors: Rosemeier Juliane , Spichtinger Peter
Published: February 2021

Pattern formation in clouds is a well-known feature, which can be observed almost every day. However, the guiding processes for structure formation are mostly unknown, and also theoretical investigations of cloud patterns are quite rare. From many scientific disciplines the occurrence of patterns in non-equilibrium systems due to Turing instabilities is known, i.e. unstable modes grow and form spatial structures. In this study we investigate a generic cloud model for the possibility of Turing instabilities. For this purpose, the model is extended by diffusion terms. We can show that for some cloud models, i.e special cases of the generic model, no Turing instabilities are possible. However, we also present a general class of cloud models, where Turing instabilities can occur. A key requisite is the occurrence of (weakly) nonlinear terms for accretion. Using numerical simulations for a special case of the general class of cloud models, we show spatial patterns of clouds in one and two spatial dimensions. From the numerical simulations we can see that the competition between collision terms and sedimentation is an important issue for the existence of pattern formation.
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a biomarker for the diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Caihong , Zhu Xuehe , Ren Haipeng , Tan Fuyong , Liu Xudong
Published: February 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to clarify the value of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) for the early diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction through a meta-analysis.

Methods

A search was performed on PubMed, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and WanFang for studies on the diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction based on I-FABP. Endnote X9 software and the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2) were used to screen the studies and evaluate their quality, respectively. Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 15.1 software were used to perform the assessment of heterogeneity and meta-analysis.

Result

A total of eight studies were included, Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.703 (P = 0.078), suggesting that there was no threshold effect. The pooled results of the meta-analysis were as follows: sensitivity: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66–0.81), specificity: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.91), positive likelihood ratio (PLR): 4.35 (95% CI: 2.57–7.36), negative likelihood ratio (NLR): 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24–0.39), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR): 14.19 (95% CI: 8.08–24.92). The area under the curve was 0.83. There was obvious heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusion

I-FABP is very valuable for the early diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction and can be used to distinguish strangulated intestinal obstruction from intestinal obstruction in a timely manner, enabling accurate planning of the timing of surgery.
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung: An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: Lei Lei , Yang Liu , Xu Yang-yang , Chen Hua-fei , Zhan Ping , Wang Wen-xian , Xu Chun-wei
Published: February 2021

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) is a rare malignant tumor that is defined as a primary alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing lung carcinoma. We aimed to identify prognostic factors associated with the survival of patients with HAL using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We collected data from patients diagnosed with HAL, adenocarcinoma (ADC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung between 1975 and 2016 from the SEER database. The clinical features of patients with ADC and SCC of the lung were also analyzed. The clinical features of HALs were compared to ADCs and SCCs. A chi-square test was used to calculate the correlations between categorical variables, and a t test or Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic factors for the overall survival (OS) of HALs. Two-tailed p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sixty-five patients with HAL, 2,84,379 patients with ADC, and 1,86,494 with SCC were identified from the SEER database. Fewer males, advanced stages, and more chemotherapy-treated HALs were found. Compared to patients with SCC, patients with HAL were less likely to be male, more likely to be in an advanced stage, and more likely to receive chemotherapy (p < 0.05). The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging was the only prognostic factor for OS in patients with HAL, and stage IV was significantly different from other stages (hazard ratio = 0.045, 95% confidence interval: 0.005–0.398, p = 0.005). Males with HAL were more likely to receive radiotherapy compared to females with HAL (61.8 vs 31.5%, p = 0.034). Younger patients with HAL were more likely to receive chemotherapy (59.4 + 10.2 years vs 69 + 11.3 years, p = 0.001). The primary tumor size of HAL was associated with the location of the primary lesion (p = 0.012). No conventional antitumor therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, were shown to have a significant survival benefit in patients with HAL (p > 0.05). This study showed that stage IV was the only prognostic factor for OS in HALs compared to other clinicopathologic factors. Conventional antitumor therapies failed to show survival benefit; thus, a more effective method by which to treat HAL is needed. Interestingly, the clinical features and the location of the primary lesion were shown to be associated with primary tumor size and treatment in patients with HAL, which have not been reported before.
The influence of smoking in minimally invasive spinal fusion surgery
Authors: Senker Wolfgang , Stefanits Harald , Gmeiner Matthias , Trutschnig Wolfgang , Radl Christian , Gruber Andreas
Published: February 2021

Background

The impact of smoking on spinal surgery has been studied extensively, but few investigations have focused on minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the spine and the difference between complication rates in smokers and non-smokers. We evaluated whether a history of at least one pack-year preoperatively could be used to predict adverse peri- and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive fusion procedures of the lumbar spine. In a prospective study, we assessed the clinical effectiveness of MIS in an unselected population of 187 patients.

Methods

We evaluated perioperative and postoperative complication rates in MIS fusion techniques of the lumbar spine in smoking and non-smoking patients. MIS fusion was performed using interbody fusion procedures and/or posterolateral fusion alone.

Results

Smokers were significantly younger than non-smokers. We did not encounter infection at the site of surgery or severe wound healing disorder in smokers. We registered no difference between the smoking and non-smoking groups with regard to peri- or postoperative complication rate, blood loss, or length of stay in hospital. We found a significant influence of smoking (p = 0.049) on the overall perioperative complication rate.

Conclusion

MIS fusion techniques seem to be a suitable tool for treating degenerative spinal disorders in smokers.
Sequence selection properties in Cp
(X) with the double ideals
Authors: Singh Sumit , Tyagi Brij K. , Bhardwaj Manoj
Published: February 2021

Recently Bukovský, Das and Šupina [Ideal quasi-normal convergence and related notions, Colloq. Math. 146 (2017), 265–281] started the study of sequence selection properties (𝓘, 𝓙-α
1) and (𝓘, 𝓙-α
4) of Cp
(X) using the double ideals, where 𝓘 and 𝓙 are the proper admissible ideals of ω, which are motivated by Arkhangeľskii local αi
-properties [The frequency spectrum of a topological space and the classification of spaces, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 13 (1972), 1185–1189]. In this paper, we obtain some characterizations of (𝓘, 𝓙-α
1) and (𝓘, 𝓙-α
4) properties of Cp
(X) in the terms of covering properties and selection principles. Under certain conditions on ideals 𝓘 and 𝓙, we identify the minimal cardinalities of a space X for which Cp
(X) does not have (𝓘, 𝓙-α
1) and (𝓘, 𝓙-α
4) properties.
Mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of spent black tea doped concrete
Authors: Kaygusuz Hakan , Hanbay Serap
Published: February 2021

The use of waste materials in concrete has been accelerated around the world recently. In this study, thermal and compressive strength properties of concrete doped with black tea waste are studied to assess the availability of using this type of waste in concrete. Black tea waste with 0.3 and 0.5 vol.-% were added to concrete mixtures. Thermal conductivity and effusivity of concrete with black tea waste were evaluated firstly, and load-bearing capacity of this biomass doped concrete were also investigated by the compressive test and Schmidt hammer test. The results showed that using black tea waste with 0.3 vol.-% slightly decreased the compressive strength of concrete whereas there was a considerable decrease in thermal conductivity. However, using black tea waste with 0.5 vol.-% causes an obvious decrease in compressive strength and a decrease in thermal conductivity of concrete which is not directly proportional with the amount of black tea. Therefore, with a small toleration of loss of compressive strength, black tea waste doped concrete can be produced with high volume fractions in order to have concrete samples with good thermal insulation for research purposes.
Rubber-to-steel adhesives based on natural rubber grafted with poly(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Ninjan Rattanawadee , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Lopattananon Natinee , Thitithammawong Anoma , Nakason Charoen
Published: February 2021

The present study aimed to develop adhesives for bonding natural rubber (NR) to steel based on modified NR bearing grafted poly(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate), NR-g-PAAEM. Graft copolymers of NR-g-PAAEMs were prepared by emulsion polymerization at 50 °C. A significant increase in the polar component of NR from 1.62 to 6.84 mN/m was observed after grafting modification, indicating an increase in its hydrophilicity. After that, both one-coat and two-coat adhesives (or adhesive/cover-coat system) were then prepared, using polyisocyanate (poly‐HDI) as a bonding agent. The NR/steel joints were made by vulcanization bonding, using the NR-g-PAAEM adhesive in the presence or absence of cover-coat layer. The results reveal that the NR/steel joint bonded using the two-coat system exhibited higher peel strength than that bonded using the one-coat system. For the two-coat system, the peel strength of 874 N/m was attained when the NR-g-PAAEM adhesive was used in combination with the NR cover-coat. The replacement of the NR cover-coat by the NR-g-PAAEM20 cover-coat led to 49% increase in peel strength of the NR/steel joint. Moreover, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis also indicated the formation of urethane-like bonding in this adhesive system, as a result of the reaction between the poly‐HDI and metal oxides on the steel surface.
Effects of Ru catalyst changes by atmospheric exposure days on the interfacial and impact properties of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites
Authors: Kwon Dong-Jun , Shin Pyeong-Su , Yoo Hyeong Min
Published: February 2021

The ruthenium (Ru) catalyst is the most recently developed poly dicyclopentadiene (p-DCPD) polymer catalyst known to promote stable reactions, even upon contact with oxygen. However, the experimental results showed that exposure times exceeding three days can cause problems during curing due to reaction between oxygen and Ru catalyst. Consequently, 12 days of exposure degraded the mechanical and interfacial properties of p-DCPD or p-DCPD composites reinforced with 40 wt% 50-mm GF by 60%. The structural analysis simulation of the target product also showed noticeable changes in the catalyst that was exposed to air atmosphere for more than six days, which can deteriorate quality. This study demonstrated that when molding structures using p-DCPD, special care should be taken to control atmospheric exposure of the ruthenium catalyst.
Comparative study on aqueous acid free UO2 dissolution-extraction using DHOA adduct into room temperature ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide/n-hexane
Authors: Rao Ankita
Published: February 2021

Feasibility was established for direct dissolution-extraction of uranium employing adduct of N,N-dihexyl octanamide (DHOA), thus eliminating discrete aqueous phase and free acid usage. Various aspects of dissolution of solid uranium dioxide and extraction of uranium into molecular diluent viz. n-hexane and neoteric solvents viz. room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) were studied. The organic adduct was found to have composition DHOA.(HNO3)0.78(H2O)0.4. Adduct miscibility and UO2 dissolution behavior was markedly different for RTIL and n-hexane. The dissolution process, studied by monitoring UV–Vis spectra, was found to be pseudo first order with a rate constant of of 0.074 min−1 and 0.036 min−1 for n-hexane and RTIL respectively. Irrespective of medium, dissolution-extraction efficiency of ≥90% was achievable. Using RTIL for dissolution-extraction medium and SC CO2 for stripping is promising in terms of overall efficiency as well as RTIL recovery by avoiding aqueous cross contamination.
‘Away’ gestures associated with negative expressions in narrative discourse in Syuba (Kagate, Nepal) speakers
Authors: Gawne Lauren
Published: February 2021

This article examines the formal and functional features of a recurring ‘away’ gesture in Syuba (Tibeto-Burman, Nepal). The formal properties of this gesture include a pronation of the forearms to bring the palms downward while the fingers spread away, and is most often performed with both hands. Functionally, it is found with utterances that signal negation, particularly the absence of something. A growing body of literature links ‘away’ trajectories with negation, or negative evaluation of speech content cross-linguistically. The temporal alignment between these gesture and lexical content also shows that cross-linguistic differences in word order appear to affect performance of gestures associated with negated content.
Narration et prédation: Pascal Quignard et la théorie cynégétique du récit
Authors: Àlvares Cristina
Published: February 2021

Notre propos est de réunir quelques réflexions de Pascal Quignard sur le récit afin d’en dégager les coordonnées ou les prémisses d’une théorie narrative chez cet écrivain qui, n’étant pas un théoricien, est sans doute quelqu’un qui fait œuvre de pensée. Notre hypothèse est que, situées dans le cadre d’une épistémologie naturaliste et d’un récit anthropogénétique au sein duquel la prédation joue un rôle majeur, en particulier celui de condition de possibilité de la narration, les spéculations de Quignard s’élaborent sur fond de la théorie sémio-narrative laquelle subit ainsi une reformulation. Nous soutenons que la réinterprétation quignardienne fait partie des théories, comme celles de Petitot et de Thom, qui proposent une solution morphogénétique au problème de la conversion (de la substance sémique en forme narrative) tel qu’il se présente chez Greimas. Au sein de cette convergence avec le structuralisme naturaliste et morphodynamique, la spécificité de Quignard réside dans la configuration de la conversion comme capture. Cette figure dynamique devient alors un opérateur de narrativité différent des modèles logiques (carré sémiotique) ou topologiques (catastrophes) qui formalisent rationnellement la conversion. Elle est au cœur de la pensée de l’écrivain sur le phénomène narratif.
“We are here to help you”: understanding the role of careers and employability services in UK universities
Authors: Fotiadou Maria
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the language used by careers services in UK universities. Using a combination of critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics methods and tools, the analysis of 2.6 million words collected from 58 UK university websites shows that the services highlight the quantity and variety of resources and assistance offered to Higher Education (HE) students. In addition, the close analysis of linguistic data brings to light a commonly used semantic pattern where the services act as the enablers of the students’ self-beneficiary actions. The main idea communicated in these webpages is that if HE students want to succeed in the graduate job market they need to prepare for the world of work, follow instructions and develop their employability. This course of action is presented by UK universities as natural or common sense. The interpretation and evaluation of linguistic patterns that emerge from the corpus-based analysis challenges the notion of employability and its association with the idea of ‘empowering’ young people to successfully compete in the graduate job market.
The use of laboratory parameters and computed tomography score to determine intensive care unit requirement in COVID-19
Authors: Doğan Halef Okan , Bolat Serkan , Büyüktuna Seyit Ali , Sarıismailoğlu Rağıp , Çetinkaya Nazım , Doğan Kübra , Hasbek Mürşit , Çaylak Halil
Published: February 2021

Objectives

It is vital to determine the intensive care unit (ICU) requirement at an early stage to reduce the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study was to find reliable predictive markers to determine the ICU requirement.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory records of 151 COVID-19 patients. The predictive abilities of biochemical parameters and computed tomography (CT) score were evaluated to determine of ICU requirement.

Results

The area under curve (AUC) values for procalcitonin, D-Dimer, C reactive protein (CRP), glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CT score were found higher than those for other parameters in the prediction of ICU requirement. The negative predictive values of these markers were higher than their positive predictive values. CT score was found to be highly correlated with fibrinogen and CRP. The glucose levels [odd ratio (OR): 95% CI; 1.07, p-value: 0.014] and CT score [OR: 95% CI; 1.05, p-value: 0.022] were associated with ICU requirement in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions

CT score, procalcitonin, D-Dimer, CRP, glucose, and LDH are potential predictors to rule out ICU requirement on hospital admission. Fibrinogen and CRP can be used to follow up and predict lung damages in patients with COVID-19.
Paul Silas Peterson: „Zurück zur Individualität!“ Die Rezeption moderner Religionsphilosophie im Hochland in der Weimarer Zeit
Authors: Peterson Paul Silas
Published: February 2021

The monthly magazine Hochland was probably the most influential Catholic cultural periodical in Germany in the Weimar Period. According to Georg Cardinal von Kopp’s assessment in 1911, it was “unfortunately the most read periodical in all of the educated circles of Germany, Austria and German Switzerland”. Moving beyond the simple rejection of modern culture in Germany, the journal tried to follow a new program of mediatory engagement, although it did continue to hold to traditional positions in many regards. In this article the reception of modern, Enlightenment-affirmative philosophy of religion in the journal is introduced with reference to reviews and essays from the later 1910s to the early 1930s. The journal’s treatment of a few critical subject areas is given close interpretive analysis, including the journal’s treatment of Gertrud Simmel’s Über das Religiöse, individually conceptualized forms of personalist moral theory, and the general shift to phenomenological discourses and the individual in the philosophy of religion. The fundamental rejections of these ideas and these schools of thought in reviews and essays, which are also found in the journal at this time (as in most all German language Catholic cultural journals of the period), are not addressed in this article. The article thus sheds light on an often-forgotten and relatively small minority phenomenon in German Catholic intellectual circles of the Weimar Period, namely the positive embrace of Enlightenment-oriented modern thought. By promoting these ideas at this time, this group made themselves highly vulnerable to disciplinary measures by the Catholic Church. (The journal was put on the Index in 1911.)
Semantic Knowledge of Famous People and Places Is Represented in Hippocampus and Distinct Cortical Networks
Authors: Morton Neal W , Zippi Ellen L. , Noh Sharon M. , Preston Alison R.
Published: February 2021

Studies have found that anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is critical for detailed knowledge of object categories, suggesting that it has an important role in semantic memory. However, in addition to information about entities, such as people and objects, semantic memory also encompasses information about places. We tested predictions stemming from the PMAT model, which proposes there are distinct systems that support different kinds of semantic knowledge: an anterior temporal (AT) network, which represents information about entities; and a posterior medial (PM) network, which represents information about places. We used representational similarity analysis to test for activation of semantic features when human participants viewed pictures of famous people and places, while controlling for visual similarity. We used machine learning techniques to quantify the semantic similarity of items based on encyclopedic knowledge in the Wikipedia page for each item and found that these similarity models accurately predict human similarity judgments. We found that regions within the AT network, including ATL and inferior frontal gyrus, represented detailed semantic knowledge of people. In contrast, semantic knowledge of places was represented within PM network areas, including precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and parahippocampal cortex. Finally, we found that hippocampus, which has been proposed to serve as an interface between the AT and PM networks, represented fine-grained semantic similarity for both individual people and places. Our results provide evidence that semantic knowledge of people and places is represented separately in AT and PM areas, whereas hippocampus represents semantic knowledge of both categories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans acquire detailed semantic knowledge about people (e.g., their occupation and personality) and places (e.g., their cultural or historical significance). While research has demonstrated that brain regions preferentially respond to pictures of people and places, less is known about whether these regions preferentially represent semantic knowledge about specific people and places. We used machine learning techniques to develop a model of semantic similarity based on information available from Wikipedia, validating the model against similarity ratings from human participants. Using our computational model, we found that semantic knowledge about people and places is represented in distinct anterior temporal and posterior medial brain networks, respectively. We further found that hippocampus, an important memory center, represented semantic knowledge for both types of stimuli.
The Scientists and the Shrub
Authors: van Harmelen Jonathan
Published: February 2021

During World War II, Japanese American scientists and engineers imprisoned at the Manzanar War Relocation camp were engaged in an experimental project to grow guayule and process it into latex, a needed war materiel. In this way, they contributed to the American war effort, despite their race-based incarceration. The guayule research project undermines the rationale for the wartime confinement of West Coast Japanese Americans. The laboratory at Manzanar partnered with universities, private industry, and government bureaucracy as an early instance of the military-industrial complex.
A digitized catalog of COVID‐19 epidemiology data
Authors: Tao Wanyu , Yu Zhengqing , Han Jing‐Dong J.
Published: February 2021

COVID‐19 is now rapidly spreading worldwide. While the majority of COVID‐19 patients show only mild or moderate symptoms, some could deteriorate quickly and may succumb to a sudden death. It is therefore important to identify who will be more likely to develop severe outcomes and be treated with particular or preventive care. Here in this literature survey, we collected epidemiologic and clinical data from 36 articles on 51,270 patients with different severity of COVID‐19, aiming to characterize the population that are prone to severe condition and bad outcomes. These data reveal that old males and those with high BMI or underlying diseases, especially cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes, are overrepresented among severe cases. High leukocyte and lymphopenia are common features in severe and critical patients. Upon deterioration of the disease, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are decreased, while almost all serum cytokines, especially pro‐inflammatory cytokines, increased.
Modelo dinámico de crecimiento de bosques de Picea abies (L.) Karst. enAlemania
Authors: Hevia Andrea , Vilcko František , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel
Published: February 2021

In the present study a dynamic stand growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forestswas developed from data of 99 research plots, which had been measured between one and seventeen times in northwestern and southern Germany. In this model, the initial stand conditions at any point in time are defined by three state variables (dominant height, basal area and number of trees per hectare), and they are used to estimate stand volume for a given projection age. The model usesthree transition functions to project the stand state variables at any particular time and a state function to estimate the stand volume. Two of these transition functions were derived by expanding a base model and considering two sitespecific parameters and the third one was derived considering one site-specific parameter. All the functions were fitted simultaneously using full information maximumlikelihood and the base-age-invariant dummy variables method. The values of the critical error statistic for stand volume and the RMSE relative to the mean stand volume indicated that the overall model provides satisfactory predictions for time intervals up to 25 years.
Vermicompostaje del bagazo de uva: fuente de enmienda orgánica de alta calidad agrícola y de polifenoles bioactivos
Authors: Martínez-Cordeiro Hugo , Álvarez-Casas Marta , Lores Marta , Domínguez Jorge
Published: February 2021

El bagazo de uva es un residuo vitivinícola generado en grandes cantidades en regiones como Galicia(España). Posee unas concentraciones polifenólicas elevadas que inhiben el crecimiento de raíces y plantas y son un riesgo para su aplicación como enmienda orgánica en agricultura sin un proceso de tratamiento previo. Pero los polifenoles son también compuestos bioactivos naturales, ypor su carácter antioxidante y demás propiedades asociadas son sustancias a considerar en la obtención de ingredientes para la industria cosmética, farmacéutica o alimentaria. En este experimento se realizó un proceso de vermicompostaje del bagazo de uva de la variedad Albariño y se estudiaron los principales cambios físicos, biológicos y químicos (particularmente, polifenólicos) que se producendurante su degradación. Tras 42 días de vermicompostaje, las semillas aisladas presentaban todavía unas concentraciones de polifenoles importantes y de elevado interés industrial. En cuanto al bagazo vermicompostado las concentraciones polifenólicas disminuyeron rápidamente hasta el final del proceso (día 112) y se obtuvo un vermicompost final maduro, estable y de calidad para su uso como enmienda orgánica en campos de cultivo.
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms en el Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre das Illas Atlánticas de Galicia como resultado de un transporte por mar a larga distancia
Authors: Ramil Rego Pablo , Rubinos Román Marco , Gómez-Orellana Luis , Hinojo Sánchez Boris , Rodríguez Patricia
Published: February 2021

Se analiza la aparición del jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) en las playas del archipiélago de las Islas Cíes en el Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre das Illas Atlánticas de Galicia, como resultado de un posible transporte a larga distancia procedente de poblaciones naturalizadas situadas en el litoral de Portugal. La especie, nativa de América del Sur, presenta una gran capacidad invasora, vinculada a su gran capacidad reproductiva y de crecimiento. Está incluida en el listado de IUCN de las 100 especies invasoras más dañinas del planeta. El Jacinto de Agua parece citado por primera vez en Europa en la zona centro de Portugal, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, en donde se ha ido expandiendo principalmente por las cuencas de los ríos Tejo y Sado, aunque también se conocen poblaciones en la zona norte. En Galicia su presencia es testimonial y las escasas citas acreditadas, aparecen asociadas a la posterior erradicación de los ejemplares. Entre los años 2011 y 2012 y tras el paso de fuertes borrascas procedentes del suroeste, se detectó la presencia en una de las playas del archipiélago de las Islas Cíes de restos de Eichhornia crassipes, que en base a la gran cantidad de los mismos y su estado de conservación, hacen pensar en un transporte de larga distancia desde una población de gran tamaño.
Hayas cultivadas memorables de Galicia: apuntes históricos, culturales y botánicos
Authors: Rodríguez Dacal Carlos
Published: February 2021

El trabajo ofrece una reseña cronológica del uso del haya europea (Fagus sylvatica L.) como especie ornamental en Galicia y hace una caracterización mediante 95 registros de árboles memorables, localizados en 45 escenarios de cultivo (pazos, castillos, bienes eclesiásticos, balnearios, fincas particulares, viveros, ámbitos escolares, jardines municipales urbanos públicos y espacios naturales), distribuidos por las provincias de A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense y Pontevedra. La condición que se le otorga a estos registros se justifica por la concurrencia de un conjunto méritos propios o intrínsecos, ligados a valores fisionómicos corporales individuales (morfología, biometría, fitosanidad), y de atributos ajenos o extrínsecos, procedentes de parámetros externos diversos (históricos, culturales, artísticos, literarios, científicos, geográficos, paisajísticos, ecológicos, tradicionales), de la información oral, así como del bagaje documental y bibliográfico. Méritos y atributos necesarios para su inclusión y puesta en valor en el catálogo patrimonial de fagus memorables del Fogar de Breogán.
Umha quantificaçom da dependência agroalimentar exterior da Galiza a partir das tabelas input-output 1998 e 2005
Authors: Valdês Paços Bernardo , Pérez Fra Mar , García Arias Ana Isabel
Published: February 2021

O objectivo deste trabalho é realizar unha primeira achega á quantificaçom da dependencia agroalimentar galega do exterior utilizando como fonte os dados das tabelas input-output de 1998 e 2005. As tabelas input-output som um instrumento privilegiado para analisar a dependência alimentar do exterior dumha economia subestatal como a galega porque informam do conjunto do comércio exterior non só de fóra do Estado Espanhol senom que tamém oferecem dados dos intercambios com outras áreas do Estado. É um facto conhecido o peso que tem a actividade agraria na economía galega, especialmente em termos de emprego. A pesar desta relevancia quantitativa, o nosso país apresenta umha balança exterior agroalimentária fortemente deficitária. Em 2005 Galiza apresentava um acusado défice e a taxa de cobertura (exportaçons/importaçons) situava-se arredor de dousterços. Este défice deve-se basicamente aos produtos vegetais, tanto elaborados como sem elaborar. A pesar da especializaçom gandeira tambén apresentam um saldo negativo produtos transformados de preparados cárnicos e inclusive os derivado lácteos pondo de manifesto o escasso desenvolvimento do sector agroindustrial galego. Os resultados ofrecidos permitem pôr em causa as orientaçons da política agroalimentaria que acentuárom a dependência exterior e mesmo ponhem em risco o modelo gandeiro no que se asentou a especializaçom da agricultura galega.
Caracterización ambiental, demografía y amenazas para su conservación de la población lucense de "Culcia macrocarpa C. Presl. (NW ibérico)
Authors: Rodríguez Guitián Manuel A. , Ferreiro da Costa J. , Ramil Rego P. , Lijó Pose G.
Published: February 2021

Se aportan datos sobre el biotopo y parámetrosdemográficos de la única población conocida hasta estemomento de Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl. en la Provincia deLugo (Galicia, NW España). Los individuos se distribuyen entres subpoblaciones de tamaño desigual (19, 21 y 1 plantas)que crecen entre los 460 y 500 m en ambientes sombríos allado de un curso de auga temporal que discurre por elinterior de un extenso robledal. En conjunto, la proporciónde individuos juveniles y adultos es muy semejante,mostrando los ejemplares una elevada vitalidad, aunquealgo más del 10% de sus frondes están afectadas por lapérdida de superficie fotosintética de origen desconocido.Actualmente no existen factores de amenaza evidentes,aunque la sustitución del bosque en el que se encuentra lapoblación estudiada por plantaciones de crecimiento rápidoo la intensificación del pastoreo podrían afectarnegativamente su conservación. Por esta razón, se proponela declaración de un Espacio Natural Protegido en la cuencadel Río Sor para asegurar la supervivencia de estapoblación de un helecho protegido por su condición deespecie amenazada de extinción.
MPC 2.0©, software para la aplicación del método AHP de toma de decisiones multicriterio
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Fernando , Rojo Alboreca A.
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se presenta el software MPC2.0©, diseñado para facilitar la aplicación de la metodologíade toma de decisiones AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process),basada en la comparación por pares. El programa resultaespecialmente útil en las decisiones en las que seanecesario considerar numerosos y diferentes tipos decriterios (cuantificables o no) y/o muchas posiblesalternativas, así como también cuando sea preciso tener encuenta diferentes repeticiones de la decisión de uno odiferentes usuarios. MPC 2.0© facilita las comparacionespor pares de los criterios (primera fase de la metodología) yde las alternativas bajo cada criterio (segunda fase),minimizando los sesgos implícitos a las mismas. Permiteestablecer un esquema de criterios en dos niveles (criteriosy subcriterios, con la posibilidad de 40 elementos en cadauno) y la realización independiente de la comparación de loscriterios y de las alternativas. MPC 2.0© automatiza todoslos cálculos matriciales posteriores para asignar el peso decada alternativa y calcula el grado de inconsistencia de ladecisión (indica si la calificación establecida es lógica o no).MPC 2.0© integra un interface gráfico para facilitar laexposición de los resultados, así como un análisis desensibilidad, que ofrece al usuario información de lavariación de los resultados al modificar los pesos de loscriterios.
An Incomplete Form of Shone’s Complex With Double Orifice Mitral Valve
Authors: Risteski Petar , Bartos Oana , Miskovic Aleksandra , Walther Thomas
Published: February 2021

We present the case of an adult male patient with an incomplete form of Shone’s complex associated with bicuspid aortic valve and a double orifice mitral valve. Intraoperative inspection of the mitral valve showed double orifice configuration with a small, rudimentary left-sided mitral valve and a large, dominant, right-sided parachute mitral valve with Barlow-type of degeneration. The patient underwent reconstruction of both valves through a minimally invasive incision. At one year echocardiographic control both valves function normally.
Implementación de los sistemas de detección de incendio e intrusión en el proyecto Banco De La República sucursal Tunja e implementación del sistema de CCTV en el edificio de g4s - calle 26
Authors: Carlos Alberto Valbuena Castaño
Published: February 2021

La necesidad creciente del ser humano de prevenir situaciones riesgosas de cualquier índole ha provocado la acelerada progresión de dispositivos tecnológicos en los sistemas de seguridad. Apuntando a una maximización de la protección, durante los últimos años se ha desarrollado en gran medida los sistemas de seguridad electrónica, enfocando la utilización de elementos electrónicos a tareas antes llevadas a cabo por un personal. Como paso primario es necesario realizar un análisis del lugar con el fin de reconocer que riesgos se pueden presentar en el sitio en cuestión y que aspectos se deben proteger. De esta forma se concluye que lugares determinados presentan mayor o menor necesidad de protección, es decir, no es necesariamente semejante la implementación de un determinado sistema en un banco comparado con el sistema implementado en un edificio empresarial. Consecuentemente se debe realizar un diseño fiel a la infraestructura del sitio referenciado, teniendo en cuenta normas y recomendaciones técnicas consecuentes con un nivel de calidad óptimo. Es de suma importancia tener en cuenta que la calidad de los dispositivos a utilizar influye bastamente en la calidad del sistema a implementar, es decir, si se implementa un sistema con dispositivos certificados se tendrá un nivel de seguridad más alto al implementado con dispositivos de poco renombre. En la presente monografía se tratarán los temas correspondientes a la gestión, instalación y puesta en marcha de sistemas de detección de incendio, intrusión y CCTV desde la perspectiva del director de proyectos. En primera instancia se presenta una reseña de la empresa G4S Technology Colombia S.A. mencionando los diferentes campos de acción de la misma, así como los proyectos importantes gestionados, concluyendo con un organigrama de la compañía. Luego se presenta un cronograma de las actividades realizadas por el ingeniero practicante seguido de la mención de las funciones en el cargo. Se prosigue con la definición de los sistemas instalados en los proyectos en mención, explicando en el proceso cada uno de los sistemas instalados primero a nivel general y luego de forma particular para los respectivos proyectos. Finalmente se presenta un análisis de lo inferido por el ingeniero practicante en el proceso de la pasantía.
Straw based particleboard bonded with composite adhesives
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Gu Jiyou , Tan Haiyan , Di Mingwei , Zhu Libin , Weng Xiangli
Published: February 2021

Environmentally friendly particleboard was prepared with wheat straw, an inexpensive material. The particleboard was produced by a mixing process, using a composite adhesive comprised of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives and EPU. The performance of the board was evaluated by measuring internal bonding strength (IB), thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and formaldehyde emission. The experimental results showed that maximum of dry and wet internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity were 0.45MPa, 0.18MPa, 31.80MPa, and 5043MPa, respectively. The thickness swelling (TS2h) and thickness swelling (TS24h) were 3.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The composite adhesives and particleboards were measured by differential scanning calorimentry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. The results indicated that the composite adhesive of UF/EPU could contribute to excellent mechanical, thermal, and water-resistant properties of the wheat straw particleboards.