bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting land cover change using Sentinel-2
Authors: Osumi Koji
Published: July 2019

Abstract. As many studies which detect land cover changes using satellite imagery have been conducted previously; this study uses satellite imagery from Sentinel-2, which was launched by European Space Agency (ESA) in 2015. The main characteristics of Sentinel-2 are: a 10 m spatial resolution in visible and Near-infrared (NIR) bands, a revisit frequency of 5 days based on combining Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B, and a free and open data policy. Using bands 4 and 8 of Sentinel-2, NDVI is calculated to assess whether the target being observed contains live green vegetation. The difference was calculated by subtracting NDVI of one day from another. Changes from vegetation to built-up areas can be detected via the changes in NDVI. However, automatically computing land cover changes generates errors under present circumstances. In order to detect land cover change accurately, human review is required. This study focuses on how NDVI can assist analysts in quantifying land cover change. As a result of the analysis, land cover changes were extracted by differencing NDVI images of 2 periods, but some errors arose in the places where land cover did not change but NDVI fluctuated owing to other reasons. I show the land cover changes which were detected, the places where it is difficult to detect the change, and methods to reduce the errors. Abstracts
Historical map viewer technology that guarantees nonlinear bijective conversion without distortion
Authors: Otsuka Kohei
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Historical maps rich in historical information play an important role in fields such as tourism and history education. However, for ordinary people without knowledge of historical studies, it is difficult to understand inaccurate old maps that have not undergone surveying and to comprehend them in comparison with the current city townscape. Therefore, conventionally in GIS, a large number of corresponding points are prepared between an inaccurate historical map and an accurate map, the coordinates of the historical map are converted by forming a triangular mesh and conducting coordinate complement calculation, and the entire historical map image is re-represented by coordinate conversion. However, as shown in Figure 1, with this method there is a serious problem that causes distortion in the aesthetic appearance of the historical map, and remarkable impairment. It can be said that this problem has greatly damaged opportunities to use historical maps for tourism and historical education.In this paper, we introduce our technology to solve this problem. Our technology has been implemented in the historical map viewer named Maplat, which is available at https://github.com/code4nara/Maplat as MIT-licensed open source.
Measuring the Street Layout Orientation Entropy of Cities in the Philippines
Authors: Pagkalinawan Homer
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Selected cities in the Philippines follow, to a certain extent, an organized street layout and orientation based on a designed plan including major cities like Manila and Quezon City. However, others cities developed organically on a less organized manner, expanding haphazardly. Being the spatial backbone of these cities, street patterns controls and limits the flow of people, goods, and activities. Measuring entropy, or the state of orderliness or disorderliness, of a street network can assess the difference between a planned and an unplanned city development. Possibly, it can be correlated to the various socioeconomic variables e.g. population, density, income level, poverty level, etc. or environmental variables e.g. night time light data, urban heat, vegetation cover, etc., that characterizes a city.
Adding value to ENCs: Land features
Authors: Pe’eri Shachak , Dyer Noel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In the 1990’s, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Hydrographic Office’s (IHO) S-57 performance standards for Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC), which enforce standardized content, structure, and format. The IMO also revised its Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) chapter V regulations to require Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) onboard certain SOLAS class vessels, starting from 2018. These systems allow for navigating with ENC data, which has several advantages over paper charts; however, many mariners still prefer traditional paper or raster charts. Through the feedback of key stakeholders such as local pilot associations, it has become apparent that the preference for raster or paper charts is due to the inclusion of non-critical S-57 land features. These S-57 land features, which are typically not added to ENC products, such as roads and elevation contours, can supplement navigational positioning systems by providing visual references, particularly when other landmarks (e.g., spot elevations on major topographic features) are not present on the ENC. Moreover, charting roads on ENC products can be useful for locating water access points. This paper discusses the addition of roads and land elevation contours to NOAA’s re-schemed ENC suite in an effort to supplement currently charted marine features and land features crossing over water. General cartographic guidelines have also been developed for the representation of these features through ENC scales (i.e., usage bands 3 to 5). Additionally, this paper includes a discussion on the benefits and challenges of incorporating publicly available land transportation data versus traditional sources on ENC products.
Automatic crater detection by mining existing crater map
Authors: Qin Cheng-Zhi , Wang Yan-Wen , Cheng Wei-Ming , Zhu A-Xing
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Existing geomorphologic type maps manually delineated by experts contain implicit expert knowledge on the spatial structure of real geomorphologic objects. Taking crater map as example, this study presents an attempt of mining the implicit expert knowledge contained in existing crater maps to automatically detect craters from digital elevation models (DEMs) of an area with similar environment as the area of the crater map.The proposed automatic crater detection approach trains random forests classifiers based on existing crater map of an area and the spatial structural information derived by digital terrain analysis on DEM in the corresponding area, and then applies the trained classifiers to the application area with DEM.A case study with the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) crater map (Head et al., 2010) and Chang’E-1 lunar DEM (Li et al., 2010) with a resolution of 500 m shows that the proposed approach performed better than AutoCrat (Stepinski et al., 2009; 2012), a representative of existing crater detection approaches based on digital terrain analysis which have not effectively considered the spatial structural information of real craters.
A tool for generating testable pop-out effects in geovisual displays
Authors: Reichenbacher Tumasch
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The effectivity and efficiency of geovisual displays is highly dependent on visual search processes to detect, locate, and interpret relevant information for the tasks at hand. To speed up this process in interactive displays, a technique called “pop-out” is usually applied in order to afford visual prompts. By definition, such pop-outs depend on a sufficiently large contrast of the popped-out elements in regard to their contextual elements.Visual attributes most suitable for attracting attention and hence potentially realising pop-outs are colour, motion, orientation, and size (Wolfe & Horowitz, 2004). Visual cognition theory suggests that items on a display featuring one of these visual attributes are processed pre-attentively, in parallel, and therefore need less time to be detected.In previous work we proposed an approach to attention-guiding geovisualisation (Swienty, Reichenbacher, Reppermund, & Zihl, 2008). Based on visual cognition and design theory we demonstrated how relevant information can be visually encoded, such as to guide the users’ attention towards them. Although we collected first empirical evidence for the effectiveness of that approach, further and more detailed investigations are indispensable.What we propose here is a tool for producing geovisual displays for empirical user studies. Such studies may test pop-outs, i.e. how contrast changes of display items make them faster detectable, and ultimately increase the effectiveness of such displays. The tool can also randomly select a set of target elements, i.e. those that should be emphasised and pop-out.
Analysis of children’s future map drawings in Sapporo City
Authors: Shiino Akio
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper aimed at measuring children’s idealized future map drawings of urban and natural surroundings in their neighbourhood, analyzing their drawings in local area. As a result of this study, 3,368 elements were extracted out from children’s drawings, and multivariate analysis revealed that children’s drawings could classify into four types, according to those elements as analysis values. Moreover, natural elements were drawn not only “Nature-oriented” type drawings but also “Urban-oriented” type drawings, even if many of latter cases were recognized as background elements in urban area.
Map Usage on Smartphones and Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge
Authors: Shingaki Noriko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The study of spatial cognition has been one of important research domain for geographic information science. Recently our circumstance to acquire geographic information have been changed (e. g. Wakabayashi, Itoh, & Nagami, 2011), so It is important to clarify the influence of the environmental change in the acquisition of spatial knowledge.In this study we revealed relationships between the tendency to use geospatial information on smartphones and the acquisition of spatial knowledge. Currently, most people own smartphones and obtain transit information from them, such as train transit planners and Google maps, when they visit a place for the first time. The usage of geospatial information on smartphones significantly affects the accuracy of cognitive maps. Maps, including train route maps, present locational information widely, in a two-dimensional space; thus, users can understand the relationships among locations over a wide area. In contrast, the small displays of smartphones permit the concurrent viewing of only small areas of geospatial information. Locational information, such as the results of transportation planner applications, are typically described in a one-dimensional space, from start point to goal point.Little is known regarding the effect of accessing geospatial information through smartphones on cognitive maps. The purpose of this study was to determine how people obtain locational information and how the experience of accessing locational information through smartphones affects the acquisition spatial knowledge regarding locations of places. To understand this spatial knowledge acquisition, we conducted two experiments.
Shadow analysis of buildings over urban express way by using three-dimensional GIS – To study the distribution of long remained snow cover that made express way close for five days
Authors: Shiroki Daichi , Masaharu Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In January 2018, it snowed heavily in Kanto area including Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan. Due to the snowfall, many cars stuck on the Metropolitan Express Way for about ten hours and the express way was closed for five days. There are many conditions that affect melting snow cover such as temperature, wind and weather. Among them, we paid attention to the shadows casted on the express way from high buildings surrounding the road. Insolation can be calculated if the three-dimensional shapes of buildings and the road by using functions of three-dimensional GIS. This information of insolation of time and date are one of the conditions that affect the speed of snow melting and it can be used for preparing countermeasures against heavy snow fall.We chose area near Kandabashi-junction of Metropolitan Express way where maximum gradient of slopes was nine per cent and had severe traffic condition in snow fall. Procedures of the data preparation and analysis are as follows.Polygon data of buildings and road edge data were obtained by downloading the Fundamental Geographic Data provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. But these data have no height information. Therefore we carried out three dimensional measurement using photogrammetry. Aerial photos of 0.22 m GSD (ground sample distance) were used for generating 3-D point cloud by using SfM (structure from motion) software PhotoScan professional edition. In total five photos of one course were used to generate DSM (digital surface model). The point cloud and the derived DSM were used for determining the building and road surface height. With these data we developed three-dimensional city model of the target area. Figure 1 shows the 3-D model made from the aerial photos.We used ArcGIS with Spatial Analyst extension for insolation analysis. The tool “Area Solar Radiation” was used to obtain the amount of solar radiation of specified date and time interval. One of the results is shown as Figure 2. The figure shows solar radiation of direct and scattered rays between January 24 and 25, 2018. It snowed on January 22, but it was fine from January 23 to 25 in Tokyo. Therefore we can see shaded area in this figure that prevented snow melting. Preparing these kind of maps beforehand will help initial operation planning for snow ploughing.The “Area Solar Radiation” tool can also generate solar radiation map of specified time interval. Figure 3 shows the solar radiation at 12:00 – 13:00 on January 24, 2018. We can identify shaded areas on the express way around noon.Although we do not have enough detailed data of snow cover depth distribution on the express way at this snow hazard, we consider this areal solar radiation data are useful for managers of the express way to prepare countermeasures against heavy snow fall. This analysis is one of the applications of three-dimensional GIS and city models generated by a photogrammetric method.
Calculate Accurate 3D Cost Distance Efficiently
Authors: Chen Yaqian , She Jiangfeng , Li Xingong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cost distance is one of the fundamental functions in geographic information systems (GIS), which has been used in various applications such as route planning, construction of Thiessen polygons and distance weighted interpolation. Conventional 2D cost distance function, due to its limited movement directions (either 4 or 8 neighbourhood cells) in the raster data model, overestimates the least cost and the problem is especially severe with a homogeneous friction surface. 3D cost distance function removes the limitation that movement must occur on a planar surface. It can therefore take into account tunnels and bridges when calculating least cost paths. In addition, it can also be used in many other application domains which deal with 3D geospatial data such as in atmospheric science, geology, and oceanography. Based on the method in Tomlin (2010), which can completely eliminate the overestimation when traveling on a homogeneous friction surface, this research proposes an algorithm that calculates accurate least cost with both homogeneous and heterogeneous friction in 3D space. When extending the cost distance function from 2D to 3D, the number of voxels in the propagation front increases significantly and efficiency is an imperative issue. This research also improves the computational efficiency by developing a data structure that combines a binary heap and a hash table. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can calculate accurate 3D cost distance in a homogeneous friction space, and the proposed data structure (i.e., heap plus hash table) not only significantly reduces the algorithm’s runtime but also benefits more in 3D than in 2D. In addition, we have applied the method in a 3D drone delivery routing application in a city environment (Figure 1). Additional applications, such as calculating groundwater flow paths of least hydraulic resistance in a heterogeneous 3D hydraulic conductivity field, are currently under development.
An interactive map of Tunisian toponymy
Authors: Dhieb Mohsen , Nasraoui Kamel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Toponyms are living bodies that evolve continuously over time. When studying the present toponymic items of one region, many factors intervene to determine their genesis, their origin, their present use and their recent evolution. Portraying the Tunisian toponymic landscape with its various characteristics should address such issues for specialists and for common users. It is important first, to bring altogether the various toponyms of one place in one chosen language, and second to give insights on such characteristics of each toponym altogether. This should be done by an Interactive Toponymistic Map of Tunisia (ITM). The goals of this research are first, to make an inventory of the Tunisian most used toponyms; second to classify them through the most known historical periods and their various transcriptions; and third to show the evolution of the overall Tunisian toponymic landscape in one sight by using an ITM.
A Climate Event Portal for Citizen Science
Authors: Divanis Andreas , Meng Liqiu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Climate change as both a local and global phenomenon causes numerous societal and financial implications every year. Its perception among citizens, however, is highly controversial. For example, in August 2018, the negative effects of climate change were very prominent in the state of Bavaria, when farmers lost large amounts of feed crop due to a drought in the same year. While governments can initiate policies in response to this, implementing these policies in a democracy requires the approval of the public, which is mainly composed of non-experts. In order to mobilize citizens for their own benefit, thus promote citizen science, the Bavarian Climate Research Network (BAYKLIF) was launched. One of the objectives deals with the creation of a portal and a number of mobile services for citizens, domain specialists and decision makers. This paper is dedicated to a project within this network, which is relevant to cartography. It aims to create a Climate Event Portal accessible by normal citizens who may also contribute with their own data to the portal or validate existing climate events based on their knowledge and supported by visualization tools. The anticipated portal consists of five core concepts. First, the OpenEventCollector, which will search for climate events by categories and collect event data in an interactive and intuitive way. Second, an OpenEventCrawler, that should automatically search open digital archives and social media, thus keep generating data about climate events. Third, an OpenEventEditor, to visualize the data for the user, allow them to interact with the data, and contribute their own (Fig. 1). This, however, must all be possible within the technical limitations of smartphones or web-applications. Fourth, an OpenEventDetector, which should automatically detect climate events from datasets, via machine learning. Fifth, an OpenEventAnalysor that explains the context of climate events, the visualizations and the process of generating this data. The purpose of this Climate Event Portal is to involve the user, thus ensuring that all data permits the re-use is necessary. Its development reveals three interrelated challenges: (1) examining user-generated data for relevance and legal compliance, (2) improving representative user feedback, which requires the participation of diverse user groups and (3) sustaining users’ interest and attention, which requires innovative incentives for users’ contributions (e.g. gamification-oriented visualization, visual storytelling etc.). This work will contribute to the knowledge on how to adapt presentations based on citizens’ interaction, as well as create an event portal, where citizen-contributed data and expert-generated data are coalesced. The authors aim to share their experiences and findings with researchers engaged in similar projects of citizen science.
Engraved footprints from the past. Retrieving cartographic geohistorical data from the Cassini Carte de France, 1750–1789
Authors: Duménieu Bertrand , Chadeyron Julien , Cristofoli Pascal , Perret Julien , Jolivet Laurence , Baciocchi Stéphane
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Antique maps are full of engraved geohistorical features. They provide representations of past states of the geographical space and are favored by historians and social scientists for their uniqueness and coherence. Working on a GIS dedicated to the history of the French territory, we extracted spatial information from the Cassini Carte de France (full name Carte Générale & Particulière de la France) as vector data. Based on the first geodetic survey of France [1, 4], this well-known and monumental map has been drawn on 182 paper sheets of size 610 × 955 mm at the scale of 1:86,400 or 1 line for 100~toises (1 inch to 1.36 miles). It depicts the French territory with fine-grained information about populated and named places, settlements, landscape features, hydrographic, ecclesiastical and road networks [3, 5, 6, 7]. As a case study, the sheet numbered 52 provided more than 6 800 spatial footprints that we have stored as a geographic database. Following the distinction made by Cassini himself between “geometric” and “topographic” entities, our geographical database is composed of two families of data, namely Triangulated Geographical Entities (“geometric” entities in Cassini’s own terms) whose geodetic properties are partly documented and Relative Geographical Entities (“topographic” in Cassini’s terms) which are dependent on and located relative to the former (Fig. 1). Those entities are analytically distinct but come together from a single artifact: the primary source they are engraved in during the mapmaking process. Because this process of embeddedness is not fully documented, retrieving both classes of entities called for a cautious cartographic visualisation with similar semiological rules and aesthetics as the original historical map (Fig. 2). This “Cassini map style” preserves the cartographic properties of the geohistorical data extracted from this primary source: generalisation, scale, spatial granularity and the overall intentions of the mapmakers [2]. Often neglected, such properties are constitutive components and dimensions of the mapping style which forms the context and gives crucial information on the accuracy and the relationships between geo-historical data enclosed in. Our poster provides a renewed cartographic visualisation of the sheet 52nd sheet of the Carte de France, centred on the french cities of Clermont, Riom and Thiers. It reveals unnoticed cartographic entities that were hardly legible in the original map. The historiography of cartography has been largely, and for a long time, based on critical edition of old maps published as non-georeferenced facsimile . We propose to renew this approach by producing digital maps from vector geographic databases that combine the aesthetics and semiology of old map styles with the modelling capabilities of modern GIS.
Raster charting products in an ENC-first era
Authors: Ence Christie , Pe'eri Shachak , Nyberg John
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Nautical charts are an essential tool for marine navigation. Despite the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS) and electronic navigational tools that present navigation data in a vector format on a display, paper charts are still the preferred choice for many mariners. Interestingly, since the introduction of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) more than thirty years ago, the size of commercial vessels has increased more than four-fold, modern navigational systems have become more sophisticated, and recreational boaters have joined professional mariners in using electronic chart displays. Marine and coastal users of all types are expecting higher resolution and more precision in location of the charted features, and shorter update times for data sources to be published on the chart. With NOAA’s new plan to “standardized, consistent gridded framework” that is optimized for digital displays, it leaves the future of paper charts in question. In order to support a raster-based maintenance system, it is now possible to translate encoding attributes of vector objects into standardized chart symbols and labels. Thus, simplifying workflow processes for paper and raster chart production. This paper discusses NOAA Marine Chart Division’s raster workflow in an ENC-first production line. The paper reviews the benefits of the new desktop tools and web-services for providing chart updates in a timely manner for a broader community.
Spatial Component Models with Artificial Neural Networks for Spatially Constrained Regionalization
Authors: Govorov Michael , Beconytė Giedrė , Gienko Gennady
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The authors have investigated into different geostatistical point data modeling approaches for regionalization purposes that employ the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Regionalization is a spatially constrained adjacency classification problem. In this study, regionalization is viewed as classification of spatial objects (non-uniformly distributed points) into a smaller number of geographic regions defined by their spatial and attributive characteristics or regionalized variables. For regionalization, we take into consideration the non-stationarity and autocorrelation properties of the spatial data.
Improving sub-seasonal forecast skill of meteorological drought: a weather pattern approach
Authors: Richardson Doug , Fowler Hayley J. , Kilsby Chris G. , Neal Robert , Dankers Rutger
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Dynamical model skill in forecasting extratropical precipitation is limited beyond the medium-range (around 15 days), but such models are often more skilful at predicting atmospheric variables. We explore the potential benefits of using weather pattern (WP) predictions as an intermediary step in forecasting UK precipitation and meteorological drought on sub-seasonal time scales. MSLP forecasts from the ECMWF ensemble prediction system (ECMWF-EPS) are post-processed into probabilistic WP predictions. Then we derive precipitation estimates and dichotomous drought event probabilities by sampling from the conditional distributions of precipitation given the WPs. We compare this model to the direct precipitation and drought forecasts from ECMWF-EPS and to a baseline Markov chain WP method. A perfect-prognosis model is also tested to illustrate the potential of WPs in forecasting. Using a range of skill diagnostics, we find that for 31- and 46-day lead-times, dynamical, and to a lesser extent Markov, model forecasts using WPs can achieve higher skill scores that the non-WP method, particularly for precipitation. Forecast skill scores are generally modest (rarely above 0.4), although those for the perfect-prognosis model highlight the potential predictability of precipitation and drought using WPs, with certain situations yielding skill scores of almost 0.8, and drought event hit and false alarm rates of 70 % and 30 %, respectively.
‘Viral’ Hunts? A Cultural Darwinian Analysis of Witch Persecutions
Authors: Hofhuis Steije , Boudry Maarten
Published: July 2019

The theory of Darwinian cultural evolution is gaining currency in many parts of the socio-cultural sciences, but it remains contentious. Critics claim that the theory is either fundamentally mistaken or boils down to a fancy re-description of things we knew all along. We will argue that cultural Darwinism can indeed resolve long-standing socio-cultural puzzles; this is demonstrated through a cultural Darwinian analysis of the European witch persecutions. Two central and unresolved questions concerning witch-hunts will be addressed. From the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries, a remarkable and highly specific concept of witchcraft was taking shape in Europe. The first question is: who constructed it? With hindsight, we can see that the concept contains many elements that appear to be intelligently designed to ensure the continuation of witch persecutions, such as the witches’ sabbat, the diabolical pact, nightly flight, and torture as a means of interrogation. The second question is: why did beliefs in witchcraft and witch-hunts persist and disseminate, despite the fact that, as many historians have concluded, no one appears to have substantially benefited from them? Historians have convincingly argued that witch-hunts were not inspired by some hidden agenda; persecutors genuinely believed in the threat of witchcraft to their communities. We propose that the apparent ‘design’ exhibited by concepts of witchcraft resulted from a Darwinian process of evolution, in which cultural variants that accidentally enhanced the reproduction of the witch-hunts were selected and accumulated. We argue that witch persecutions form a prime example of a ‘viral’ socio-cultural phenomenon that reproduces ‘selfishly’, even harming the interests of its human hosts.
Microvessel density assessment in canine mammary carcinomas as a predictive factor for metronomic chemotherapy
Authors: Ferrari Analy Ramos Mendes , Ferrari Heitor Flavio , Carreira Vinicius Soares , Frigério Edenilson Doná , Luvizotto Maria Cecília Rui , Andrade Alexandre Lima de
Published: July 2019

The canine mammary tumor is the neoplasia that most commonly affects intact female dogs (not spayed) in routine veterinary practice. Canine mammary tumor therapy is a challenge because only few effective treatments have been described for high-grade tumors in veterinary medicine. One such therapeutic option that slows down tumor growth is metronomic chemotherapy (MC), a therapeutic modality that acts by decreasing tumor angiogenesis. Quantification of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) has been proposed as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of MC in human and canine tumors. In this study, MVD is proposed as a predictive factor for the effectiveness of MC in canine mammary tumors. Twenty female dogs with mammary carcinoma were equally distributed into a mastectomy group treated only with mastectomy, and a MC group treated with MC (cyclophosphamide and piroxicam) orally and daily for 28 days followed by mastectomy. Mammary tumors were classified and graded histologically. MVD was ascertained by CD31 immunostaining. The analysis showed statistically significant difference in MVD scores between groups, corroborating a quantitative reduction in tumor microvasculature in the group treated with MC. Our findings suggest that MVD may be an important predictive factor for the selection of female dogs with malignant mammary tumors that may benefit from MC.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from clove and lemongrass against pathogenic bacteria isolated from bovine, swine and poultry feces
Authors: Oliveira Stephanie Pedrosa de , Cunha Gabriel Santos Persiquini , Prates João Paulo Bicalho , Fonseca Francine Souza Alves , Souza Keicy Sandy Silvestre de , Azevedo Alcinei Místico , Xavier Alessandra Rejane Ericsson de Oliveira , Santos Eliane Macedo Sobrinho , Santos Hércules Otacílio , Almeida Anna Christina de
Published: July 2019

The objective was to verify the antibacterial activity of lemongrass and clove oils against Escherichia coli isolated from poultry feces, Staphylococcus aureus isolated from swine and poultry feces and Salmonella sp. isolated from swine and bovine feces. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion test using different concentrations of the oils: 160, 80, 40, 20 and 10 ?l ml -1. The multi-resistance of strains relative to that of conventional antimicrobials was also evaluated by the disk diffusion technique, using Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index. The oils were characterized based on the results of chromatographic analyses, of which, analysis of lemongrass has been previously published (AZEVEDO et al., 2016). Lemongrass and clove essential oils presented citral and eugenol as the major compound, respectively. The concentrations of the essential oils had a significant effect on the extent of the growth inhibition halo and the coefficient of determination (r²) was higher than 0.80. Clove essential oil generated the largest zone of inhibition when tested against Escherichia coli and S. aureus from poultry feces and Salmonella sp. from the feces of swine, while lemongrass essential oil presented better results against S. aureus isolated from swine feces and Salmonella sp. from bovine feces. S. aureus and Salmonella sp. were multi-resistant to the antimicrobials tested. It is concluded that the essential oils tested have antimicrobial activity against bacteria isolated from bovine, swine, and poultry feces and that this activity is proportional to the concentration of oils and the microorganisms studied.
Use of golden mussel and wattle tannin in the supply of cut chickens
Authors: Bayerle Douglas Fernando , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Wachholz Lucas , Bruxel Taciana Maria de Oliveira , Vargas Junior José Geraldo de , Sangalli Gabriela , Giron Talita Vitória , Schone Rodrigo André
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the use of acacia tannin as a toxic metal adsorbent in the diets of broilers fed with the inclusion of golden mussel meal in substitution for calcitic limestone. In the first trial, 648 male 21-day-old animals were divided among six treatments and six replicates, with 18 birds per experimental unit, organized in a completely randomized design (DIC). The treatments were diets with different acacia tannin levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1250 g ton-1). The results indicated that 250 g ton-1 of tannin was not harmful to weight gain, final weight, or feed conversion. Tannin levels caused a decrease in carcass yield and fat deposition and an increase in liver size. For the second trial, 900 male broilers of 21 days of age were used and distributed in a DIC, with different levels of substitution of calcitic limestone by the golden mussel meal (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 %) and supplementation or not with acacia tannins (250 g ton-1), with 5 replicates and each experimental unit being composed of 18 birds. The performance data show that the use of 250 g ton-1 of tannin is detrimental to bone performance and resistance and golden mussel meal can be used to substitute up to 100 % of the limestone in the diets without affecting the variables studied.
Dehydration curve, gas exchange, and nutritional value of Bermuda grass hay under different conditions of storage
Authors: Machado Ivaldir William Junior , Neres Marcela Abbado , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , Nath Caroline Daiane , Diaz Tatiana Garcia
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to characterize the dehydration curve and, gas exchange of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) as well as the nutritional value of hay under different conditions of storage. The dehydration curve was evaluated at 7 time point (0, 13, 18, 22, 37, 42, and 44 hours after cutting) until baling, using five replicates. The time 0 (zero) corresponded to the time before cutting, performed at 19:00 hours. The design was completely randomized with measures repeated over time. Gas exchanges was evaluated 0, 14, and 18 hours after cutting, using 10 replicates. The nutritional value of cowpea hay was evaluated in two open and closed environments (SO and CS), three storage times (30, 60, and 90 days), and five replications. Dehydration of hay was carried out for 44 hours, rapid rates of dehydration was observed in the leaves. Gas exchange was more intense before cutting and up to 14 hours after cutting. Crude protein (CP) content was higher at the time of cutting and decrease after storage. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content showed no variation between the sampling time and storage systems evaluated. Bermuda grass hay presents rapid dehydration and undergoes changes in the bromatological composition with storage time. Internal temperature of the hay bale did not exceed the ambient temperature.
Effects of essential oils of Cashew and Castor on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets
Authors: Coneglian Sabrina Marcantonio , Castañeda Serrano Roman David , Cruz Olga Teresa Barreto , Branco Antonio Ferriani
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of essential oils of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Ricinus communis (Castor) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 5x5 Latin square design (21 days period). The treatments were control MON (0.2 g monensin animal day-1¬) and 1, 2, 4 and 8 g EO animal day-1 (Essential oils - Oligobasics®). All the animals had a basal diet, corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) of 80:20 concentrate:forage ratio. Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives were determined over five consecutive days in each period. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced by treatments (P > 0.05). However, increasing levels of EO showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.014) above 2 g animal day-1 on the ruminal pH. The excretion of allantoin and uric acid were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), but levels above 2 g day decreased the synthesis of microbial proteins (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the EO of A. occidentale and R. comunnis effectively controlled ruminal fermentation as well as sodium monensin at the studied levels. EOs have the potential to be used in place of monensin in the studied levels.
Prestige, Status, and Esteem and the Teacher Shortage
Authors: Klimek Scott G.
Published: July 2019

1,127 U.S. high school senior and college undergraduate perceptions of teaching’s prestige, status, and esteem were explored in this study. The population consisted of 302 high school seniors and 825 college undergraduates from the Midwestern region of the United States. The study included 51 statements where participants rated their perceptions of teaching’s prestige, status, and esteem on an 8-point Likert scale. The data was factor analyzed, and the results identified that the perceptions of teaching’s prestige consisted of financial and image perceptions. A descriptive analysis found that U.S. high school senior and college undergraduate perceptions of teaching’s financial component of prestige (M = 9.99, SD = 2.90) and esteem (M = 10.42, SD = 3.05) were more negative in comparison to status (M = 13.38, SD = 2.74).

Bivariate correlation, Univariate, and hierarchal linear regression techniques measured the effects that the perceptions of teaching’s prestige, status, and esteem had on U.S. high school seniors and college undergraduate teaching considerations. The results indicated that the perceptions of teaching’s status may encourage U.S. high school seniors and college undergraduates to consider careers in teaching, but the perceptions of esteem may produce opposite effects. The results demonstrated that the perceptions of teaching’s esteem may discourage U.S. high school seniors and college undergraduates scoring in the upper deciles of the ACT (American College Testing) from considering teaching in the United States. The results indicated that the perceptions of esteem may also discourage U.S. urban female high school seniors and college undergraduates from considering the career. Finally, the results demonstrated the perceptions of teaching’s esteem and its interaction with the financial perceptions of teaching’s prestige may discourage U.S. aspiring teachers from the career. This result raises questions as to the “roots” of the early teacher attrition problem in the United States.
Design ”Strong Diffie-Hellman-Exponential-Schnnor Key Exchange” Over Elliptic Curves (SDH-XS-KE Over EC)
Authors: Sow Demba , Camara Mamadou Ghouraissiou
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we design the so called  ”Strong Diffie-Hellman-Exponential-Schnnor Key Exchange (called SDH-XS-KE)”over Elliptic curves. SDH-XS-KE is a key echange protocol proposed in 2014. The protocol SDH-XS-KE improves the”Strong Diffie-Hellman-DSA Key Exchange (called SDH-DSA-KE)” proposed by Jeong and al. in 2007. First SDH-XSKE is designed in finite groups such that Z=pZ where p is a prime number. So, in this paper, we present the elliptic curves version of the protocol SDH-XS-KE.
Begroting van immateriële schade: over de betekenis van de duur van het lijden bij blijvend en bij dodelijk letsel
Authors: Hebly M.R.
Published: July 2019

Begroting van immateriële schade: over de betekenis van de duur van het lijden bij blijvend en bij dodelijk letsel

In deze bijdrage wordt de betekenis van de duur van het lijden bij begroting van immateriële schade in verband met blijvend letsel en wegens dodelijk letsel geanalyseerd. Volgens de Hoge Raad is de duur van het lijden een omstandigheid die de rechter bij de begroting van het smartengeld in het bijzonder dient mee te wegen, maar in de literatuur wordt opgemerkt dat de betekenis van deze factor niet steeds duidelijk is. Deze bijdrage geeft de stand van zaken in de rechtspraak en in de Nederlandstalige literatuur weer en biedt een nadere analyse van de betekenis van de duur van het lijden.
De verhaals(on)mogelijkheden van de WAM-verzekeraar bij (joy)rijden zonder rijbewijs
Authors: Ruitenbeek-Bart F.M.
Published: July 2019

De verhaals(on)mogelijkheden van de WAM-verzekeraar bij (joy)rijden zonder rijbewijs. Bijdrage naar aanleiding van Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 23 oktober 2018, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2018:9273 en Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 9 april 2019, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2019:3129

In krap een halfjaar tijd deed het Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden uitspraak in twee vergelijkbare zaken, waarin sprake was van joyriding door een jeugdig familielid van de verzekeringnemer en waarbij de betrokkene reed zonder (geldig) rijbewijs. In beide zaken trachtte de WAM-verzekeraar van het betrokken voertuig de aan derde-benadeelden gedane uitkeringen te verhalen. Een belangrijk verschil: de ene verzekeraar richtte zich tot zijn eigen verzekerde, de andere verzekeraar richtte zich tot de joyrider. Aan de hand van de beide arresten belicht deze bijdrage de verhaalsmogelijkheden van een WAM-verzekeraar in geval van joyriden zonder (geldig) rijbewijs.
Verzekeren in gezinsverband
Authors: Verweij-Hoogendijk J.H.G.
Published: July 2019

Verzekeren in gezinsverband. Over polisdekking en regres in ‘nieuwe’ gezinsverhoudingen

In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij de wijze waarop verzekeraars in hun polissen omgaan met ‘nieuwe’ gezinsverhoudingen. De polissen van opstalverzekeringen, inboedelverzekeringen en aansprakelijkheidsverzekeringen voor particulieren van zestien verzekeringsmaatschappijen zijn hiervoor onderzocht. Ook wordt aandacht besteed aan regresuitsluitingen ten aanzien van gezinsleden.
Misgelopen woongenot en vergoeding van materiële schade
Authors: Rijnhout R. , Rotscheid T.
Published: July 2019

Misgelopen woongenot en vergoeding van materiële schade. Rb. Noord-Nederland 1 maart 2017, ECLI:NL:RBNNE:2017:715

Op 1 maart 2017 wees de Rechtbank Noord-Nederland vonnis in een zaak die ging over de vergoeding van immateriële schade en de vergoeding van vermogensschade in de zin van het gemis van het onstoffelijk voordeel, zijnde gederfd woongenot, ten gevolge van aardbevingen ontstaan door gaswinning door de Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij. Deze annotatie concentreert zich uitsluitend op laatstgenoemde schadepost. Ondanks dat het vonnis ruim twee jaar oud is, zijn de vragen die het oproept nog zeer actueel. Zo is recentelijk door de Rechtbank Noord-Nederland in een andere zaak hierover een prejudiciële vraag voorgelegd aan de Hoge Raad.
Drewno we współczesnej architekturze Część 1. Wstęp do architektury drewnianej
Authors: Szewczyk Jarosław
Published: July 2019

Niniejszy artykuł i jego przyszłe kontynuacje są próbą naukowego
ujęcia rozwoju architektury drewnianej i jego usystematyzowania
z perspektywy krytyki architektury, zatem z perspektywy niejako historycznej,
choć skoncentrowanej na zjawiskach najnowszych, z uwypukleniem
najciekawszych aktualnych tendencji. Tym poszczególnym tendencjom
będą poświęcone kolejne odcinki, zaś niniejszy ma charakter propedeutyczny
i streszcza całokształt zjawiska, ujmując je najpierw w trzy
kategorie: materiału, konstrukcji oraz – pokrótce – także estetyki (formy),
i wskazując te jego wytwory, które wyznaczają obecny stan oraz oczekiwany
(przyszły) horyzont rozwoju nowoczesnej architektury drewnianej.
Threats for adults aged 45+ associated with technological development
Authors: Czarkowski Jakub Jerzy , Strzelec Sylwia
Published: July 2019

There are many dangerous situations for adult development related to the progress of new information technologies. The article presents a new approach to the issue of disability in the context of the changing ITC technologies and the phenomenon of aging populations. Polish society, like many European societies, is subject to the process of aging. People in late adulthood find it more difficult to learn to use new technologies more easily. This means that an increasing number of people may have problems in full-fledged functioning in society. They will become disabled in the light of the WHO definition. Appropriate education is the way to counteract this phenomenon.
Post-method Pedagogy in Moroccan EFL Classrooms: Public High Schools in Meknes City as a Case
Authors: Sbai Mohamed Aymane
Published: July 2019

The ultimate goal of this paper is to investigate the pedagogical views and attitudes of Moroccan high school teachers towards Method-based pedagogy. It attempts to investigate the extent to which teachers are satisfied with and committed to conventional methods. Also, the paper aims at investigating the alternative practices teachers are more likely to resort to in order to compensate for the limitations of conventional methods. In addition to this, a further objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which pre-service teacher training programs in Morocco are aware of the challenges of the post-method era. This is measured through their awareness of the requirements of the post-method era and the extent to which teacher trainers concern themselves with equipping the prospective teachers with the necessary skills to be reflective researchers and responsibly eclectic teachers. In this respect, the data collection instruments opted for in the present study ranged from quantitative to qualitative in nature. The findings reveal that the vast majority of Moroccan high school teachers (P=78%) are dissatisfied with conventional methods and - (P=96%) of them- are not committed to one or two teaching methods. The vast majority report that they resort to an eclectic approach to language teaching due to the impracticality and inflexibility of the established methods. Most teachers (P=80%) admit that they use a random eclecticism as they rely mainly on their intuitive rather than principled judgments. In this regard, interviews with teacher trainers and supervisors also reveal that pre-service teacher training programs in Morocco limit themselves only to training the prospective teachers to use methods and approaches without training them to be responsibly eclectic. The findings also show that the majority of teachers do, to some extent, know about classroom research; however, they - (P=72%) of them- have never conducted it inside their classrooms. The teachers (P=57%) attribute this to the lack of financial support and to the fact that they are not well-trained to conduct research inside their classrooms. Finally, the results of this study imply many suggestions of which we mention: the introduction of a post-method pedagogy in the Moroccan pre-service teacher training programs, equipping teachers with the methodological tools necessary as well as supporting them financially to conduct classroom-research for the purpose of constructing teaching methodologies that suit the needs to the very specific students and contexts within which they work.