bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The conflict over the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy as an element of the hybrid war
Authors: Szyszlak Tomasz
Published: January 2021

The issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has once again demonstrated that the concept of atheism and the fight against religion propagated by the communists did not bring the expected results. On the contrary, religion has become a factor that connects societies in the republics of the former USSR with the former metropolis, especially for Slavic and Orthodox populations. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that the problem of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has been exploited in the current Russian-Ukrainian dispute, described as a post-imperial hybrid war. The aim of this article is to show how both sides of the conflict are using the issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy.
Russia’s economic soft power: The case of Serbia
Authors: Baniak Sandra
Published: January 2021

Serbia inherited Yugoslavia’s tendency to pursue its foreign policy in terms of “multi-vector” policy and balancing between the West and the East to achieve its own political goals and maintain the attention of other countries. Despite the desire to join the European Union, as officially declared by the state authorities, Serbia also strives to maintain a “strategic partnership” with Russia. This paper presents Russia’s interests in the policy towards Serbia in the economic sphere over the years, starting from 1999. It points to the complexity of Serbian-Russian economic relations and their relationship with political issues. Russia, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, can significantly affect Serbia’s internal and foreign policy, making it dependent on guarding Serbia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and through the lack of recognition of Kosovo’s independence by pursuing its own interests, manifested by an increasing Russian presence in the energy sector.
Maternal And Neonatal Management In The Cases Of HIV / AIDS Infected Pregnant Women In Jambi City
Authors: Herlambang Herlambang , Amelia Dwi Fitri  , Erny Kusdiyah
Published: January 2021

A B S T R A C TBackgrounds: HIV/AIDS is a disease that still becoming a global health problem, andalso became a disease that given special attention by Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) in 2016 points number 3. In Jambi Province recorded that in the year of 2014the number of cumulative cases of HIV and AIDS is 145 cases of HIV and AIDS 59.Vertical transmission can occur from a mother who is infected by HIV/AIDS to theirbabies. To increase epidemiological knowledge of perinatal outcome from pregnantmother with HIV/AIDS infection, because in Indonesia this type of information is notmuch known, In Jambi This kind of information doesn’t exist. Methods:This is adescriptive research. The data are taken from 41 registers by total sampling. The dataanalysis is using proportion descriptive method. Results: According to 41 datarecorded. 35 neonates (85,4 %) delivered with weight around 2500 gram or more, 41neonates (100 %) delivered with APGAR score (neonatal asthfixia) APGAR 7-9, 32neonates (78,1 %) delivered by Sectio Caesarean, 40 neonates (97.6 %) born at 36weeks, and 25 neonates (60,1 %) delivered from mothers infected by HIV/AIDS withCD 4 counts above 350 cell/ml 41 neonates (100%) born without HIV/AIDS infection.Conclusions: Neoanatal outcome from HIV / AIDS infected mothers in Raden Mattaherthe state hospital of Jambi Province were delivered with normal weight, APGAR score7-9 (normal), delivered by Sectio Caesarea, at the age of 36 weeks or above from motherwith CD4 counts over 350 cell/ml without HIV/AIDS infection.
Effects of Micro-Ecological Enteral Nutrition on Systemic Inflammatory Response, Bacterial Translocation, and Immune Function in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Yilan , Ye Hongwei , Zheng Feng , Zou Xinsen , Wu Xianbin , Wei Xiaoxu , Li Zheng
Published: January 2021

We have evaluated the effect of early and late micro-ecological enteral nutrition on systemic inflammatory response, bacterial translocation, and immune function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Two weeks after treatment, experimental group receiving early nutritional intervention exhibited a significant increase in intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, fewer staphylococci, and E. coli, and lower levels of serum endotoxin, D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase than the group receiving late intervention (control group) (P < 0.05). Also, the serum levels of CD3+ and CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly increase after 2 weeks of intervention. On the other hand, the level of CD8+ and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index scores significantly decreased after 2 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The early intervention also led to a significant shortening of time needed for abdominal pain relief, anal exhaustion, resumption of peristaltic sound, and hospitalization. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in overall response rate, and decrease in the incidence rate of complications (P < 0.05). Early micro-ecological enteral nutrition therapy can effectively relieve systemic inflammatory response, prevent intestinal bacterial translocation, restore the function of intestinal mucosal barrier, and alleviate nutritional imbalance in severe acute pancreatitis patients leading to improved immune function, mitigation of the disease, and reduced complications benefiting the recovery of patients.
Sensory Attributes and Other Properties of Yogurt Fortified with Immobilized Lactobacillus Plantarum and Soybean Residue (Okara)
Authors: Roslan I.N.D. , Kamaruding N.A. , Ismail N. , Shaharuddin S.
Published: January 2021

Yogurt enriched with probiotic bacteria benefits health by strengthening the abdominal ecosystem. A short shelf-life and poor survivability of probiotic in yogurt remains a great problem in production and manufacturing processes. Cell immobilization is believed as a suitable way to lengthen the probiotic survivability and prolong yogurt shelf-life. One of the cheap sources of natural immobilization carrier is okara, a soybean by-product. Due to its overproduction, the okara is becoming a source of pollution. The use of okara as a food additive in dairy products such as yogurt is potentially one strategic approach to minimize pollution. Therefore, this study has evaluated the effect of fortification with increasing concentrations of okara on texture, probiotic survivability, nutritive value, and sensory qualities of yogurt. On day 1, the yogurt fortified with 1% okara was the most preferable to panelists because of its high texture consistency, the lightest color, more sour taste, low sugar and fat contents, and high viability of probiotic bacteria. Based on this finding, we suggested 1% okara is the best formulation for symbiotic yogurt production.
Pengenalan Sastra Anak untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Baca Tulis Anak
Authors: Sapanti Intanrawit , Apriyani Tristanti , Daulay Resneri
Published: January 2021

The low literacy of children in Indonesia is quite alarming because it can affect the competence of critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration that Indonesian children should have. One of the effective ways to ensure that the 4C competency mastery is achieved is by improving and fostering the reading literacy skills of Indonesian children. The purpose of this community service activity is to introduce children literature to children with the aim of increasing their interest in reading and literacy from an early age. It is hoped that in the future, by knowing and reading various literary works, moral values and the cultivation of good character can be given to children. By carrying out this training, it is hoped that students can produce a simple children's work / story in the form of an anthology work. The method of implementing this activity is divided into three stages, namely; the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the final reporting stage. This activity involved two students, namely Rida Alifia (Indonesian Literature Department) and Andini Mandala Putri (English Literature Department). The community service activity partner is SD Negeri Gentan, and community service activity is conducted in SD Negeri Gentan on 21 November 2020, 28 November 2020, 5 December 2020 and 12 December 2020 through zoom meeting online. This activity was attended by 47 students of SD Negeri Gentan and was very well appreciated by the students and teachers. Students can listen well to 4 children's stories submitted by team members. They are able to answer well and retell the contents of the children's stories. The targets and outputs of this community service activity are scientific publication manuscripts published in journals, articles published in print media, activity videos, and IPR certificates. The output target that has been achieved is the production of children's story videos that have been uploaded on the YouTube channel of the Indonesian Literature Study Program, while other output targets such as publication texts and IPR certificates are in process. Key words: children literature, literacy, character development
Ieskats baltu dialektu pētniecībā Latvijā un Lietuvā: paralēlais un atšķirīgais
Authors: Stafecka Anna
Published: January 2021

Both Baltic languages, which are still alive, have preserved their historical territorial dialects. The article gives a brief insight into the research of Latvian and Lithuanian dialects, which are the continuation of ancient languages of Baltic tribes, perhaps with many changes and mutual influence. Only the Livonian dialect of Northern Kurzeme has to be mentioned as an exception because of the Livonian language and the Couronian tribe language as the basis of it. Subdialects, as the smallest territorial units of language in Latvia and Lithuania (points) had formed themselves during feudalism, when peasants did not have the right to change their place of residence. The first recordings of the peculiarities of Latvian and Lithuanian dialects have been known since the 17th-century dictionaries and grammars. The systematic classification of both Latvian and Lithuanian dialects began in the second half of the 19th century. In Latvia, the first who described all three Latvian dialects in his Lettische Grammatik was Gotthard Friedrich Stender. In Lithuania, both Lithuanian dialects were distinguished by August Schleicher.
The first research in Latvian and Lithuanian dialectology and geolinguistics dates back to the second half of the 19th century. The first map of Lithuanian dialects was published by Friedrich Kurschat in 1876. The first geolinguistic maps of the Latvian language were developed by August Bielenstein. They were published in 1881 and 1892. The early programmes of collecting the cultural and linguistic heritage of the Lithuanian and Latvian folklore and language were published at the end of the 19th century. They are very different.
The boundaries of the territorial dialects of Latvian, unlike the Lithuanian, are not determined by one or two dialectal features, but by a set of isoglosses, reflecting phonetic and morphological features. In Lithuanian dialectology, the system of settlements (points) was chosen – language material was collected within approx. 10–12 km radius around them.
In the 1950s, geolinguistic research in Lithuania and Latvia are connected with the creation of national dialectal atlases. In 1977, for the first time in the history of Baltic geolinguistics, the material of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects was collected according to a united program for the Atlas linguarum Europae. In it, Latvian was represented with 36 subdialects and Lithuanian with 42 subdialects. At the beginning of the 21st century, Latvian and Lithuanian linguists have launched a joint project, the Atlas of the Baltic Languages.
We can draw the conclusion that the research of dialects in Latvia and Lithuania for more than a century have been parallel but different, dialectal material was collected according to different programmes.
Par kādu žemaišu konstrukciju ar verbu ļubēt Sventājas latviešu valodā
Authors: Straupeniece Daiga
Published: January 2021

Latvians of Šventoji, nowadays inhabiting the north-west territory of Lithuania by the Baltic Sea, have kept distinctive features of the Curonian subdialects in their language and integrated into its phonetics and grammar many features of Lithuanian, including Samogitian dialect.
One of the linguistic changes caused by the language contacts, characteristic to all the Latvian community near the border of Lithuania (Būtingė, Šventoji, Monciškė, Kunigiškiai), is „the use of frequentative past uncharacteristic for the south-western subdialects of Kurzeme” (Straupeniece 2018, 127) with inflectional affix -dav-, e.g., adīdava, braukdava, būdava. Also, there is a characteristic construction of the Latvian language of Šventoji – person forms of the verb cienīt + infinitive – which corresponds to the Samogitian construction – person forms of the verb liuobėti + infinitive –, e.g., kaimiņi cienīja atiet.
The article reveals that, at the beginning of the 21st century, another construction has been identified in the Latvian language of the younger generation of Šventoji – a construction of the verb ļubēt with an infinitive. There are three models of the construction: the verb ļubēt in past tense and infinitive, e.g., tad ļubēja visi liepājnieki sabraukt, the verb ļubēt in present tense and infinitive, e.g., tas vīrs arī ļub atbraukt, the verb ļubēt in future tense and infinitive, e.g., viņš vi sumit ļubēs atnākt pie mūs. This construction is a lithuanism that has been established in the Latvian language of Šventoji under the influence of the Samogitian dialect.
Baltu un albāņu valodas seno kontaktu liecinieki Lejaskurzemē: Grobiņas dižskābarži un citi
Authors: Timuška Agris
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the semantic motivation of names denoting beech-tree (Fagus sylvatica), basing on the material recorded in subdialects of European languages as answers to the questionnaire of the Atlas Linguarum Europae and presented in a geolinguistic map.
In general, ten motivational groups of names have been established, most important of them being: 1) names based on IE. *bhāg-i̯o-, cf. Engl. beech, Gm. Buche, Sp. haya, Port. faia, It. faggio, Russ., Ukr., Pol., Cz., Bulg. buk, Lith. bùkas, Latv. skābardis / guoba etc.; 2) forms derived from Latin vespices ‘shrub’, cf. Friul.Lad. vespol(a); 3) forms derived from Latin pertica ‘long perch’, cf. Fr. epache; 4) forms derived from Latin cerrus ‘oak’, cf. Rum. terş; 5) names based on Frank. *haistr- ‘young tree or bush’, cf. Fr. hêtre; 6) Hung. bükkfa, a name composed by bükk of obscure origin and meaning and fa ‘tree’; 7) forms derived from IE. *ask ‘ash-tree’, cf. Gr. όζυά, Alb. ah.
Having examined the attested forms regarding their origin and semantics, the author concludes that the names to denote a beech-tree or its cognates, elm or box-tree, are rich in variants in the Baltic languages, mostly due to the influence of Standard Latvian or Lithuanian. However, beech-trees growing near Grobiņa are witnesses of ancient contacts between the Baltic and Albanian languages. Some names to denote a beech-tree can be found in Lithuanian phraseology. They frequently appear among both Latvian and Lithuanian toponyms as well as anthroponyms.
Research on the Denoising of the Beidou Carrier Signal based on EEMD Algorithm with Adaptive Reconstruction Optimizing of IMF Numbers
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Kai , Lv Gang , Xu Guibao , Xu Anyi
Published: January 2021

The Beidou carrier signal is coupled into a certain noise during propagation and reception, and these noise will directly affect the processing procedure associated with it. To deal with the problem of the influence due to the manually setting the IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function) component number for the reconstruction signal, a new measuring index that used for finding the optimal IMF components to reconstruct the signal has been designed in this paper. The index has taken the shape of the signal, signal noise ratio and correlation index into consideration. Upon on the basis, an adaptive index optimization Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (AIO-EEMD) algorithm has been proposed in this paper. To verify the validity of the algorithm, four different algorithms are used to denoised the collected Beidou signal. The experiment results show that the noise reduction using the AIO-EEMD method can not only automatically obtain the optimal IMF components number, but also has a significant advantage over the other three methods.
Willmott Fuzzy Implication in Fuzzy Databases
Authors: Nesimovic Sanela , Gusic Dzenan
Published: January 2021

The object of the research are fuzzy functional dependencies on given relation scheme, and the question of their obtaining using the classical and innovated techniques. The attributes of the universal set are associated to the elements of the unit interval, and are turned into fuzzy formulas in this way. We prove that the dependency (which is treated as a fuzzy formula with respect to appropriately chosen valuation) is valid whenever it agrees with the attached two-elements fuzzy relation instance. The opposite direction of the claim is proven to be incorrect in this setting. Generalizing things to sets of attributes, we prove that particular fuzzy functional dependency follows form a set of fuzzy dependencies (in both, the world of two-element and the world of arbitrary fuzzy relation instances) if and only if the dependency is valid with respect to valuation anytime the set of fuzzy formulas agrees with the valuation. The results derived in paper show that the classical techniques in the procedure for generating new fuzzy dependencies may be replaced by the resolution ones, and hence automated. The research is conducted with respect to Willmott fuzzy implication operator
Effect of Group Therapy Promotion on of Psychological wellbeing among Elderly at Selected Old Age Home
Authors: Sheetal Barde
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to assess the effect of Group therapy on promotion of psychological well-being amongelderly at selected old age homes in Pune. The investigators adopted the Experimental design for the study.The participants were 60 elderly from selected Old Age Home from Pune. Random Assignment techniquewas used to select the sample. The instrument consisted of two sections. Study has shown significance at0.05 levels and found group therapy is effective for improving Psychological wellbeing among elderly
Judicial Jurisdiction According to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and its Application to the Iraqi Medical Sector
Authors: Sarmad Amer Abbas
Published: January 2021

There is no doubt that corruption is a growing scourge in all countries due to its direct negative impact onthe development of societies and limiting their development. It has also become a phenomenon with social,economic and political aspects. Combating it does not require the concerted efforts of one state institutionsonly, but rather the necessity for states to cooperate with each other to curb administrative and financialcorruption, Since 1996, international anti-corruption conventions have served to raise political commitmentsto fight corruption and have defined basic international standards and practices to tackle corruption. Themedical sector in Iraq suffers from corruption in its various health and administrative sectors.
Strategi Kreatif Kerajinan Payung Muto Menjadikan Desa Tanjung sebagai Desa Wisata di Klaten - Jawa Tengah
Authors: Anggreni Likha Sari , Primasari Ina , Surwati C. H. D. , Utari Prahastiwi , Hermawati Tanti
Published: January 2021

Pengembangan desa wisata menjadi salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dan meningkatkan perekonomian desa. Kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masing-masing desa menjadi potensi yang dapat berkembang secara optimal dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Desa Tanjung, Juwiring, Klaten menjadi salah satu daerah yang sedang merintis pembangunan desa wisata dengan industri payung lukis muto sebagai produk utamanya. Untuk mencapai kesuksesan, masyarakat setempat wajib menerapkan perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang strategis. Penelitian ini menganalisis masalah yang berkaitan dengan pariwisata di Desa Wisata Tanjung, yaitu desa wisata ini belum melakukan pemasaran yang optimal, dan kemudian menemukan solusinya dengan menyusun strategi kreatif dan media sebagai suatu strategi promosi yang diejewantahkan dalam integrated marketing communication (IMC). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam implementas perwujudan Desa Wisata Tanjung Kecamatan Juwiring.
Pelatihan untuk Diversifikasi Produk Turunan Olahan Singkong di Desa Nanggerang - Bogor
Authors: Febrina Laila , Amelia Julfi Restu , Soecahyadi Soecahyadi , Mulyawati Ira
Published: January 2021

Singkong merupakan komoditi potensial untuk dikembangkan di Desa Nanggerang, Tajurhalang, Bogor. Saat ini, produk olahan singkong yang terdapat di desa tersebut hanya dalam bentuk keripik singkong, sehingga perlu diversifikasi dalam bentuk produk olahan lainnya yang dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi komoditi singkong. Tujuan dan sasaran kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat Desa Nangerang melalui program pelatihan diversifikasi produk turunan olahan singkong. Prosedur pelaksanaan kegiatan PPDM Ecosavva di Desa Nanggerang yakni melaksanakan sosialisasi, pelatihan, serta pendampingan dalam diversifikasi produk turunan olahan singkong yakni tepung MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour), mie mocaf free gluten, dan biskuit MOCAF. Hasil kegiatan adalah partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan cukup aktif, yang dapat dilihat dari tingkat partisipasi mengikuti sesi pelatihan tidak berkurang sampai akhir kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan juga menunjukkan, pengetahuan mitra dan peserta tentang pengolahan produk turunan singkong berupa MOCAF, mie MOCAF dan biskuit MOCAF mengalami peningkatan.
Analisis Efektivitas Komunikasi Krisis PT A: Studi Kasus Sangkaan Pengambilan Air Tanah Secara Ilegal
Authors: Zaiza Ardhina
Published: January 2021

Tidak ada organisasi yang kebal terhadap krisis. Pada satu titik, mereka pasti akan mengalami krisis. Keberhasilan organisasi dalam menangani krisis itu sendiri akan bergantung pada bagaimana mereka melakukan manajemen krisis yang tepat, termasuk komunikasi krisis. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dari perusahaan minuman terkenal, PT A, yang pernah mengalami krisis dalam bentuk kasus hukum yang berkaitan dengan perizinan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas PT A dalam krisis mereka. Studi ini mengamati proses manajemen krisis berdasarkan tahapan krisis dan menggunakan Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) sebagai dasar. Meskipun tidak ideal, dapat dikatakan bahwa komunikasi krisis PT A efektif. Ini membuktikan gagasan bahwa setiap krisis itu unik, dan perlakuan terhadap krisis harus disesuaikan dengan pilihan terbaik untuk kondisi pada saat itu.
Penggunaan Instagram Sebagai Media Kampanye Politik pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah DKI Jakarta 2017
Authors: Dhara Karina , Hutomo Kenny , Brigitta Laura , Arzella Nadia
Published: January 2021

Dengan dasar Indonesia sebagai salah satu jumlah pengguna internet terbanyak di dunia, penelitian ini menguji bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media sosial Instagram sebagai media kampanye politik dalam memengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap Basuki Cahaya Purnama (Ahok) pada Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017. Dalam studi ini, konten media sosial Instagram dan aktivitas daring masyarakat pada Instagram yang berhubungan dengan Ahok menjadi faktor dalam memengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap Ahok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang menyebarkan kuesioner terhadap 103 responden dari mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Indonesia melalui simple random sampling. Hasil survei menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang rendah diantara konten media sosial yang dimiliki Ahok dan aktivitas daring masyarakat di Instagram terhadap persepsi masyarakat pada Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya proses pembentukan persepsi yang panjang dan rumit dan maraknya hoax politik di masyarakat yang salah satunya diakibatkan oleh kasus Ahok mengenai penistaan agama Islam.
A 7000-year record of coastal evolution, Vejers, SW Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Clemmensen Lars B. , Pedersen Karsten , Murray Andrew , Heinemeier Jan
Published: January 2021

The Holocene coastal lowland at Vejers in western Jutland has formed during the last 7000 years. The lowland is composed of a large, NNE-SSW trending spit system associated with minor and only locally developed strandplain or beach ridge systems. The main spit and back-barrier system is bounded to the north and east (inland) by old moraine landscapes (Varde Bakkeø). Most of the coastal system and also large parts of the adjacent moraine landscape is covered by aeolian sand.

In this study one of the minor strandplain systems is investigated. This system is developed at the south-western margin of the old moraine landscape at Grovsø, a lake near Vejers. The Holocene sedimentary evolution of this latter system is evaluated on the basis of data from two closely situated cores and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) mapping. Both cores consist of a lowermost unit with marine sediment, a middle unit with lake-aeolian sand and an uppermost unit with aeolian sandplain deposits. Peat layers and peat-rich paleosols are common. These peat-rich horizons are dated by the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon technique, while the intervening sand layers are dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). Combined evidence from the sedimentological and chronological studies of the cores and the GPR survey, indicate that the area was first transgressed at about 5100 BC. During the subsequent period (5100–2700 BC) relative sea level rose about 5 meters, the strandplain prograded, and small coastal dunes formed. During this progradational event a large strandplain lake formed behind the frontal dune ridge and this lake was filled primarily by aeolian sand. Aeolian sand drift may have been most intense around 3000 BC. This first period of large-scale aeolian activity ended some time before 2300 BC with formation of a peat-rich paleosol.

Aeolian activity, however, was soon re-established and resulted in the formation of a large sandplain with small dunes. Aeolian sand movement and accumulation, however, was punctuated by periods of landscape stabilisation and peat-rich paleosol formation. Changes from landscape stabilisation to dune field activity took place at about 2300 BC, 1450 BC, 800 BC, and 650 BC. Aeolian accumulation at the study site terminated at about AD 0, but other evidence indicates renewed aeolian activity in the dune field after AD 300 and between AD 1100 and 1900. The chronology of some of these aeolian activity phases are synchronous with cooling events in the North Atlantic region suggesting that climatic change strongly influenced dune field dynamics.
Neogene fluvial and nearshore marine deposits of the Salten section, central Jylland, Denmark
Authors: Rasmussen Erik S. , Dybkjær Karen , Piasecki Stefan
Published: January 2021

The deposits of the Salten succession was laid down in a transgressive-regressive event during the latest Chattian (latest Oligocene) and/or the early Aquitanian (earliest Miocene). Five facies associations are recognised and interpretated as deposited in 1: High-energy fluvial, 2: Low-energy fluvial, 3: Flood plain, 4: Tidally influenced fluvial, and 5: Marginal marine/delta plain environments.
The dating by biostratigraphy indicates that the Salten succession correlates with the Vejle
Fjord Formation. The succession correlates with fluvial deposits outcropping in gravel pits at Addit and Voervadsbro and thus these deposits are of latest Oligocene – earliest Miocene. This is in contrast to former studies that indicate a correlation with the upper Lower – Middle Miocene Odderup Formation. The age of the Salten succession as revealed from this study indicates that the Miocene deposits in Jylland are progressively truncated towards the north and east.
Linguagnostus groenwalli Kobayashi, 1939 (Trilobita, Middle Cambrian) from erratics in Denmark
Authors: Weidner Thomas , Nielsen Arne Thorshøj
Published: January 2021

Linguagnostus groenwalli Kobayashi, 1939 occurs very sparsely in the Middle Cambrian Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone of Scandinavia and only six specimens have been described so far (three from in situ strata, three from erratic boulders). Additional well-preserved specimens found in two erratic boulders in Denmark are described; the material probably originates from the Bornholm area.

The new findings indicate that the species locally is more common than previously documented. A lectotype is designated and refigured.
Chalk: composition, diagenesis and physical properties
Authors: Fabricius Ida L.
Published: January 2021

Chalk is a sedimentary rock of unusually high homogeneity on the scale where physical propertiesare measured, but the properties fall in wide ranges. Chalk may thus be seen as the ideal starting point for a physical understanding of rocks in general.

Properties as porosity, permeability, capillary entry pressure, and elastic moduli are consequences of primary sediment composition and ofsubsequent diagenetic history as caused by microbial action, burial stress, temperature, and porepressure.

Porosity is a main determining factor for other properties. For a given porosity, the specific surface of the sediment controls permeability and capillary entry pressure. As diagenesis progresses, the specific surface is less and less due to the calcite component and more and more due to the fine-grained silicates, as a reflection of the coarsening and cementation of the calcite crystals.

The elastic moduli, which define sonic velocity, are for a given porosity mainly controlled be the degree of pore-stiffening cementation, which may be quantified by effective medium modeling. Diagenetic processes include mechanical compaction, pore-stiffening cementation, dissolution,and pore-filling cementation.

Processes involving clay, silica, and calcite are interlinked, but progress differently in different localities. This partly depends on primary sediment composition, including organic content, which may induce the formation of concretions by microbial action. The diagenetic processes also depend on water depth, rate of burial, and over-pressuring. These factors cause the stress, temperature and pore-pressure to increase at different rates during burial in different localities.
Magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids in Nagssugtoqidian and Archaean rocks in South-East Greenland.
Authors: Beckmann George, E.J.
Published: January 2021

Measurements of magnetic susceptibility have been carried out on Precambrian rocks in south-east Greenland in the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt from Ammassalik northwards to its boundary with the Archaean craton, and slightly beyond.
Directions of maximum susceptibility are the best defined, and are as follows: Ammassalik: Declination = 3º, Inclination = 40º,α95 = 7º; Nagssugtoqidian/Archaean “boundary”: Declination = 311º, Inclination = 62º, α95 = 10º; area enclosing post-tectonic plutons: Declination = 194º, Inclination = 87º, α95 = 17º.
The boundary is invisible to the directions of maximum susceptibility. A shear zone near the boundary has been studied in detail. The maximum directions of the samples are tightly grouped and lie in the plane of the zone, whilst the intermediate directions rotate about the maximum direction as the zone is approached, until they lie in its plane.
Such rotation is widespread in the boundary area. A plate tectonic explanation for the maxima from the boundary and from Ammassalik is proposed as follows: the maximum direction from the boundary is attributed to subduction and collision of the Archaean plate arriving from the north-east, followed by a vertical component imprinted by the emplacement of the plutons.
The maximum direction at Ammassalik is due to overriding Archaean crust coming from the north. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is useful in detecting shear zones and rock fabric when these are not apparent in the field or hand specimen.
Structural analysis of superposed fault systems of the Bornholm horst block, Tornquist Zone, Denmark.
Authors: Graversen Ole
Published: January 2021

The Bornholm horst block is composed of Precambrian crystalline basement overlain by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic cover rocks. The cover intervals are separated by an angular unconformity and a hiatus spanning the Devonian through Middle Triassic interval. Late Palaeozoic faulting of the Early Palaeozoic Baltica platform is correlated with early-middle Carboniferous deformation in the Variscan foreland and with faulting associated with dolerite dyke injection in Skåne in the Late Carboniferous – Early Permian. The Palaeozoic fault systems are striking NW-SE and WNW-ESE and the platform series are dipping towards the SE and ESE respectively.

The Mesozoic faulting was associated with the development of a horst-graben framework in the Bornholm-Skåne segment of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. Mesozoic fault subsidence started in the Rønne Graben in the Triassic. In the Jurassic the Arnager-Sose block became active, cut off from the Bornholm block; in addition the Læså Graben (new) and the Øle Å fault block complex (new) were cut into the central Bornholm block from the south. In the Late Cretaceous the central Bornholm block was perforated by isolated fault blocks, i.e. the Nyker block, the Bøsthøj block and the Lobbæk block (new) along with subsidence of the Holsterhus block and renewed subsidence of the Arnager-Sose block. The Mesozoic series are dipping towards the southwest.

The Palaeozoic fault systems were associated with two-dimensional plane strain during ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW extension. By contrast the Jurassic and Cretaceous fault systems were associated with three-dimensional strain with maximum extension striking NE-SW and secondary extension striking NW-SE. The Mesozoic palaeostress fields were associated with the break down of the Pangea supercontinent.
Multiswitchable photoacid–hydroxyflavylium–polyelectrolyte nano-assemblies
Authors: Zika Alexander , Gröhn Franziska
Published: January 2021

Light- and pH-responsive nano-assemblies with switchable size and structure are formed by the association of a photoacid, anthocyanidin, and a linear polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution. Specifically, anionic disulfonated naphthol derivatives, neutral hydroxyflavylium, and cationic poly(allylamine) are used as building blocks for the ternary electrostatic self-assembly, forming well-defined supramolecular assemblies with tunable sizes of 50 to 500 nm. Due to the network of possible chemical reactions for the anthocyanidin and the excited-state dissociation of the photoacid upon irradiation, different ways to alter the ternary system through external triggering are accessible. The structure and trigger effects can be controlled through the component ratios of the samples. Dynamic and static light scattering (DLS, SLS) and ζ-potential measurements were applied to study the size and the stability of the particles, and information on the molecular structure was gained by UV–vis spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) provided information on the thermodynamics and interaction forces in the supramolecular assembly formation.
Certain Aspects of State Service Reform
Authors: Gusarov Serhii
Published: January 2021

The study of the issues of civil service reform in Ukraine in the current conditions of development of Ukrainian society and the state is an extremely relevant subject and requires appropriate research. The author aims to analyse the most resonant reform measures in the civil service, which were recently initiated by the government and received mixed reviews, in particular, the announced redundancy in the staff of civil servants and the introduction of a contract form of civil service, as well as to offer scientifically sound proposals for improvement of appropriate measures. In the work with the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge (dialectical, Aristotelian, comparative law, system analysis) the legal bases and scientific sources on redundancy of staff and contractual form of employment are considered; the provisions of the national labor legislation were compared with the provisions of the national legislation on the civil service, which provide for the rules of staffing cuts among civil servants, including guarantees of their rights upon dismissal on appropriate grounds; the provisions of the national legislation concerning the rules of application of contracts upon appointing civil servants are investigated. The conclusion is made: 1) on the need for appropriate revision of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service"; 2) on the expediency of creating new productive jobs in various sectors of the national economy, where redundant civil servants will be sent after retraining; 3) that any reforms of society and public administration must be carried out subsequent to an in-depth study of public opinion, analysis of possible negative consequences, development and implementation of compensatory mechanisms. It is emphasized that it is mandatory to involve scientists, experts-practitioners, employers, and representatives of public, in particular trade unions, in the process of developing reforms in civil service.
Criminalistics’ Language: Concept-Terminological Apparatus Formation
Authors: Zhuravel Volodymyr
Published: January 2021

Any theory assumes the presence of its terminological apparatus – a language that is created to solve specific scientific problems and is designed to describe the relevant subject area; in criminalistics, it also serves as an effective means of thinking, should be highly specialised to reproduce the uniqueness of the subject of study, which actualises the study in this direction. Scientific approaches to the formation of the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus, through which this science describes its subject of study, were considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of its language as a system of general and individual concepts, which are reflected in certain terms, signs. It was stated that the criminalistics’ language is a complex, multilevel, holistic system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, signs, symbols. Attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of criminalistics there is a continuous improvement of its language, clarification of definitions, enrichment of the terminological dictionary (thesaurus). It was noted that the current state of development of criminalistics, the formation of promising doctrines (theories) necessitated the introduction into its scientific apparatus of a large number of new concepts, terms, signs, through the use of various linguistic approaches, terminological elements, lexical units. The innovations concern not only the general theory of criminalistics, but also its main sections – techniques, tactics and methods. In this case, the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus must develop under certain criteria and conditions defined in both special and forensic literature. The rejection of traditional approaches to the definition of certain forensic concepts, the desire for innovation and unification always require special care and comprehensive justification.
Modern Approaches to Private International Law and Conflicting Provisions on Legal Aid in Civil Cases
Authors: Dikovska Iryna
Published: January 2021

Part of the legal aid treaties between Ukraine and other states contains rules concerning conflict of laws. Where those that determine the law applicable to contractual obligations, family, and hereditary relations are not in line with current approaches to determining the law applicable to the specified groups of relations. The purpose of the paper is to uncover the differences between the regulation of conflict of laws in private relations in the legal aid treaties between Ukraine and some EU countries and the modern approaches to the regulation of conflict of laws in such relations, contained in other sources of private international law; an explanation of how to solve conflicts between legal aid treaties and other international treaties; outlining the main areas of improvement of rules concerning conflict of laws in legal aid treaties. The methods of the study were comparative, dialectical, and Aristotelian, which allowed to identify the problems of regulation of conflict of law in legal aid treaties and to draw conclusions for their elimination. Application of these methods allowed to find out that lex loci contractus is most often used to regulate contractual obligations in the absence of an agreement of the parties on the choice of applicable law. The agreement between Ukraine and Romania does not provide for the choice of the law for contractual obligations. Legal aid treaties imperatively determine the law applicable to the property relations of the spouses. They apply a dualistic approach to determining the right to inherit. It has been established that competition between the rules of this Convention and the rules of legal aid treaties between Ukraine and Poland and Ukraine and Estonia should be decided in favour of the Hague Convention. It is proposed to amend the legal aid treaties concluded between Ukraine and the EU Member States: the rules concerning conflict of laws, which define the law applicable to contractual, family, and hereditary relations should be revised using the relevant EU regulations as a model.
Distribution of Risk of Harm in Delictual Responsibility From the Standpoint of Economic Analysis of Law
Authors: Velykanova Maryna
Published: January 2021

Damage to property and (or) non-property rights of persons occurs quite often. The right to compensation for such damage is indisputable. However, civil doctrine ambiguously addresses the issue of risk sharing in tort obligations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss approaches to the distribution of risk of harm in delictual responsibility and to determine their effectiveness from an economic and legal standpoint. The paper, based on economic and systematic analysis using dialectical, comparative, logical-dogmatic and other methods, including economics, describes the approaches to determining the purpose of tort law and its ability to ensure effective distribution of risk of harm. It has been proven that tort law can have direct regulatory consequences by restraining behaviour and sharing risks. It is concluded that the task of tort law is the optimal distribution of risk of harm between the perpetrator and the victim and to ensure the implementation of risky activities only if its social value justifies the risk. Based on the economic analysis of tort law, it has been substantiated that the distribution of the risk of damage in tort liability is carried out through the institutions of insurance and liability. Insurance is cost-effective when it comes to compensation for damage. However, only liability, in addition to the function of compensation, can also perform the function of preliminary prevention of harm. Therefore, the risk of causing harm in tort liability is mainly borne by the person who caused the damage. In obligations to compensate for damage caused by a source of increased danger, a person who on the appropriate legal basis (property rights, other property rights, contracts, leases, etc.) owns a vehicle, mechanism, other object, the use, storage or maintenance of which creates an increased danger, bears such risk even in the absence of guilt in causing harm. The grounds for imposing such risk on the victim are his intention or force majeure. It is this approach to the distribution of harm risk in tort liability that is fair and cost-effective and contributes to public well-being
Criminal Legislation Trends in Ukraine (Evidence From Crimes Against Justice)
Authors: Shepitko Mykhaylo
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates the development of criminal legislation of Ukraine as exemplified in crimes against justice. To this end, the author approached the study of criminal law through the analysis of its development in the globalised world and in Ukraine. In this context, it is proposed to refer to criminal legislation as globalisational and to codification – as unified. This is caused by the rapprochement of countries in the world through the implementation of conventions and other international regulations and, consequently, the harmonisation of criminal legislation. In historical retrospect, the author constructed a historical map of crimes, misdemeanours, and offences against justice inherent in the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the 11th-20th centuries (based on the stage and initial possibility of their commission). It was determined that certain trends of establishing criminal liability for commission of criminal offences in justice will affect the development of crimes against justice: 1) implementation of international regulations; 2) ensuring the protection of the activities of international courts whose jurisdiction is recognised by Ukraine; 3) establishment of a system of criminal offences against justice through their division into groups in the structure of the corresponding section (division of the section into chapters). Such groups may be: 1) criminal offences in administration of justice; 2) criminal offences in enforcement of justice; 3) criminal offences in support of enforcement of justice. The use of these approaches allowed to develop the prospects of criminal legislation on crimes and misdemeanours against justice. Emphasis is placed on the fact that criminal offences (crimes) against justice are such acts that significantly differ in the severity of the offence, their social danger, and therefore the division of these criminal offences into crimes and misdemeanours should affect the procedural features of bringing the respective perpetrators to criminal responsibility