bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chorological Structure of natural focal infections in the Asian part of the Russian Federation
Authors: Noskov A. K. , Sharakshanov M. B. , Nikitin A. Ya.
Published: July 2018

Division of the Asian part of the Russian Federation into southern and northern zones was implemented on the basis of physical-climatic features. The retrospective analysis of the natural focal infectious diseases in humans was carried out. Spectrum of nosological forms and epidemic process intensity in each of the evolved zones were established. Epidemic manifestations were the most expressed in the Subjects belonging to the southern zone, with domination of the Ixodes tick-borne infections. In northern zone natural focal infections included 57,1 % of local cases, they were registered only in the population of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (District), and barely nontransmissible infections: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and rabies.
Vaccination of Children with Hemoblastosis
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Prospects of Using Domestic Hepatitis B Vaccines to Ensure Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being
Authors: Fel'dblyum I. V.
Published: July 2018

On the basis of the literature review and own authors' researches, the results of assessment of safety and immunogenicity of native immunobiological medicinal preparations (hepatitis B vaccines «Combiotex», the combined vaccines Bubo-M and Bubo-Kok) in immunization of children and adults according to the National Immunizations Schedule and also medical workers for ensuring epidemic safety in the medical organizations are presented in this article. The prospects of native vaccines using in system of urgent actions for elimination of hepatitis B are defined.
Immunogenicity and Clinical Efficacy Combined Vaccine against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Hepatitis B in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Kulakova N. A. , Magarshak O. O. , Borisova V. N. , Polishchuk V. B. , Kostinova A. M. , Ryzhov A. A. , Kostinov A. M.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B virus with the use of combined vaccine Bubo-M or a monovalent vaccine Hepatitis B in 120 patients with severe and medium chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 77 healthy people at the age 35 - 60 years. The lack of protective antibodies to diphtheria in patients with COPD was noted. The safety of immunization and the delayed production of post-vaccination antibodies to these infections were shown. The level of post-vaccination antibodies was the same as in healthy group after the administration of 3-rd dose both of the monovaccine and the combined one. During the year a clinical effect in reducing the number of exacerbations of the disease after a triple injection of the combined Bubo-M vaccine in patients with COPD was observed, comparable to that in patients with the combined use of the immunomodulator and hepatitis B vaccine. Moreover combined vaccination with immunomodulator led to normalization of level of the inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: Vaccination of patients with COPD with the use of the combined vaccine Bubo-M has both an advantages in clinical effect and the spectrum of anti-infection protection in comparison with the monovaccine against hepatitis
Dynamics of Main Indicators of the Epidemiological Situation on Tuberculosis in the Omsk Region
Authors: Puzyryova L. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Ivanova O. G. , Rudneva S. N. , Tatarintseva M. P.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators that characterize the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Omsk Region from 2001 to 2015. Material and methods. For the analysis were used for reporting forms: № 8 («Information on active tuberculosis», № 33 («Information on tuberculosis patients»), № 61 («Information on contingents of patients with HIV infection»). The statistical processing was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Excel software package, applied the method of analyzing the dynamic series with the calculation of the rates of growth/decrease in epidemiological indicators and the determination of the average geometric index for aligned series, regression analysis. Results. It has been established that in 2009 in the Omsk Region, the main indicators that characterize the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis have decreased: morbidity (by 25.4%), prevalence (by 55.5%), mortality (by 53.1%). At the same time, there was an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant disease, an increase in the incidence of HIV infection and HIV-associated tuberculosis. Conclusions. The obtained results allow to assume the possibility of developing a new period of worsening of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, characterized by high mortality and a further growth of the reservoir of infection in the region.
Estimation of Prophylactic Efficacy of the Grippol® Vaccine for Large-Scale Immunization in Adult and Children's Organized Collectives in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Shmeleva N. P. , Shimanovich V. P. , Sivets N. V. , Lapo T. P. , Gribkova N. V.
Published: July 2018

Abstract estimation of anti-epidemic efficacy of a polymer-subunit vaccine Grippol® for large-scale immunization in adult work collectives and secondary schools in Vitebsk, Minsk and Grodno was conducted. Acute respiratory infection agents were detected by the means of RT-PCR in selected individuals. The overall number of participants was 12308 (5391 were children aged 6 - 17 and 6917 were 18 years or older). Influenza and ARI morbidity analysis demonstrates that Grippol® plus has a high anti-epidemic efficacy, reducing the influenza morbidity in the vaccinated cohort by 2.1 (adults) and 3.0 (children) times compared to that in unvaccinated persons. Efficacy and efficacy rate amounted to 50 3% and 2 2 in adults and 66 2% and 3 0 in children respectively A decrease in number of recurrent diseases complications in children was also demonstrated A dynamic morbidity analysis showed that in unvaccinated children there had been an evident increase in influenza and ARI among the unvaccinated children in late January - February 2016, while among the children who were vaccinated the morbidity rate was consistently low across all months of the influenza season.
Molecular-Genetic Features of Tuberculosis in Mongolia and in Russian Bordering Regions
Authors: Badleyeva M. V. , Zhdanov S. N. , Baasansuren E. . , Ogarkov O. B. , Erdenegerel N. . , Orlova E. A. , Oyuntuyaa T. . , Savilov E. D. , Buyanhishig B. . , Puntsag B. . , Nyamhuu D. .
Published: July 2018

A comparative molecular epidemiological analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mongolia and the neighboring regions of Russia was conducted. The aim was the determining of mutual influence the TB in the studied countries. Selected samples of the Mongolian (309 strains) and Russian (933 strains) cohorts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were carried out based on the results of genotyping (used deletion analysis for RD 105/207, MIRU-VNTR 24 genotyping and subtyping of the clone CC2/W148 by the specific deletion in the kdpD gene). The results of the study indicate the isolation of transmission of TB infection in Mongolia, despite the activity of the historically formed migration between Mongolia and Russia: in the studied territories, the genotypic spectrum is qualitatively different. The subtypes CC1, CC2 and BL7 of the genotype Beijing predominate in the Russian territories (Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai and Irkutsk Region), and the CC4 subtype of the genotype Beijing presents in Mongolia (64.5%). The molecular genetic structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has no significant differences in the borderlands with Russia and in the central provinces of Mongolia.
Ecological and Epidemiological Peculiarities of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Ixodid Tick-Borne Borreliosis in Irkutsk
Authors: Mel'nikova O. V. , Andaev E. I.
Published: July 2018

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) have joint vectors and form combined natural foci throughout all their area, but their epidemiology differs. The risk for Irkutsk city residents to get infected with these diseases, and its relationship with ecological, geographical, demographic and social factors during last 20 years have been analyzed. The change of the diseases proportion is shown; electronic case map and places of most risk are presented. Considerable sex-age and social differences between patients have been revealed. The cases of repeated TBE and ITBB have been found.
Variety of Rickettsia Spechies in Ixodes Ticks at the Russian island (Primorsk Territory) in 2011-2012
Authors: Yakovchits N. V. , Adelshin R. V. , Sidorova E. A. , Nikitin A. Y. , Andaev E. I.
Published: July 2018

Total 728 Ixodes ticks of four species: Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi, Haemaphysalis concinna, H. japonica douglasi collected at the Russian island in 2011-2012 were investigated. Common Rickettsia infection rate in the tested vectors varied from 4.1 to 27.9%, and the most infected representatives turned out I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi - 27.9 and 10.0%, respectively. Sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis of fragments of citrate synthase genes (gltA) and ompA and ompB surface proteins revealed Rickettsia DNA in ticks of Ixodes genus belonging to Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, and in ticks of Haemaphysalis genus - to Candidatus R. principis. DNA of tick-borne epidemic typhus agent - R. sibirica and R. heilongjiangensis, failed to find in the ticks tested.
The Epidemiological Situation of Mumps in the Russian Federation in 1995 -2016
Authors: Mikheeva I. V.
Published: July 2018

The retrospective analysis of incidence of epidemic parotitis in Russia in 1995-2016 is carried out. It is shown that growth of this infection incidence in 2016 was caused by the poor vaccination and revaccination coverage in the past, as well as the poor immunization quality (vaccination failures) and the decrease in post-vaccination immunity at some vaccinated persons due to absence of natural «booster effect» in the condition of sporadic incidence for a number of years, untimely and not in full holding the response and preventive actions in foci of the infection, and also delivery of the epidemic parotitis virus from epidemic area. Recommendations are formulated to hold actions for improvement of the epidemiological situation.
Risk in Epidemiology: Terminology, main Definitions and Systematization of Concepts
Authors: Shugaeva S. N. , Savilov E. D.
Published: July 2018

In the submitted report from modern theoretical positions the concept of risk of epidemiology is surveyed. Definitions are given to categories: «epidemiological risk», «risk factor», «risk group», «territory of risk» and «risk time». Hierarchical systematization of the discussed concepts is given.
Epidemiology of S. Pneumoniae-associated Pneumonias and the Analysis of Effectiveness of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infection in Children under the Age of Six
Authors: Somova A. V. , Romanenko V. V. , Golubkova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Pneumococcal infection is one of the main causes of acute respiratory diseases and exacerbation of chronic ones. In order to study the prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia, the etiologic role of S. pneumoniaе and effectiveness of vaccination among children under the age of 6 in the town of industrial cities, we conducted a non-interventional epidemiologic study of serotypes of circulating pneumococci and their compliance with the declared composition of vaccines recommended for prevention of pneumococcal infection in children. We also studied incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonias among children under the age of five vaccinated against pneumococcal infection, depending on the schedule and beginning of immunization. Our findings indicate a significant role of pneumococcus in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonias among children under the age of 17 (24.14%).The established spectrum of serotypes of pneumococcus from nasopharyngial swabs in children under the age of 17 with community-acquired pneumonia in the town of this city showed that such serotypes as 19F, 14, 9V/A, 15A/F, 6A/B/C, 3, and 23F contributed the most to the development of pneumonia (79.97%). Pneumococcus serotypes found corresponded to the composition of PCV13 in 76.36% of cases and to that of PCV10 – in 67.27%. Proven the effectiveness of the vaccine, the rate of epidemiologic effectiveness was 48.7% in relation to pneumonia of any etiology. Shown the largest epidemiological effectiveness (54.8%) of vaccination in children vaccinated in an early period (under the age of 1).
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Work-Related Low Back Pain
Authors: Amirova T. Kh. , Gubanov R. A. , Ahmetov I. I. , Egorova E. S. , Hismatova Z. F. , Fatkhutdinova L. M.
Published: July 2018

Objects and methods of research. Of the 580 employees of a petrochemical plant, 507 people went through survey for low back pain using the Nordic questionnaire. In the prospective part of the study, 188 workers without any back problems during 12 months before the study were followed up for 6 and 12 months using the same questionnaire. Physical load at work place, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and gene PARK2 polymorphism were regarded as potential risk factors. 177 workers provided buccal epithelium for investigation of rs926849 polymorphism A/G in the gene PARK2 by real-time PCR.

The results of the study and their discussion. One-year prevalence of low back pain was 38.7% (95% CI 33.6–42.3%), and the incidence of new cases was 20.7% (95% CI 15.3–27.4%).

In the presence of the genotype AA the probability of developing the low back pain in the group of up to 30 years were as high as in the group of 30 years and older: OR 0,99 (95% CI 0.29–4.52). For the low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability, in the presence of AA genotype risk of such pain in workers aged 30 years and older was significantly higher than in the younger group: OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.03–3.57). The probability of low back pain was highest in the simultaneous presence of risk factors such as AA genotype and body mass index 25 kg/m² and more: OR 3,83 (95% CI 2.34–4.88) for all cases of low back pain, OR 10.0 (95% CI 5.04–19.85) for low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability.

Occupational risk factors of high significance (after controlling for non-occupational risk factors and their interactions) were revealed: fixed working posture of more than 25% of the work shift: OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.57–14.69), high dynamic physical load: OR 1.48 (95% CI 0.67– 3.26), as well as high physical load in general: OR 2.96 (95% CI 0.72–12.18). For the low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability the structure of the risk factors was the same, while the odds ratios were higher and confidence intervals did not include 1.0.

Conclusion.The following risk factors of work-related low back pain have been revealed: the age (30 years and older), overweight, genetic predisposition, namely the polymorphism of the PARK2 gene, high physical load, predominantly a fixed working posture of more than 25% of the work shift, and dynamic physical load. It has been shown that interactions of the factors «age» and «genotype», as well as «BMI» and «genotype» should be considered for better understanding of the structure of risk factors of work related low back pain.
Present-Day Peculiarities of Epidemiology and Prophylaxis Results of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Republic of Khakassia
Authors: Potsikailo O. V. , Nikitin A. Ya. , Noskov A. K. , Romanova T. G. , Kurganov V. E. , Viktorova T. N. , Kopylova I. A. , Botvinkin A. D.
Published: July 2018

A retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of an incidence rate and prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) was carried out in the Republic of Khakassia over 2007–2016. Also, a relative risk (RR) of the incidence rate was assessed in the cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated population. Over the decade, 569 TBE cases were registered. There is a distinct tendency of TBE rate reduction (slope coefficient of the regression line b = –1.1 per annum, P < 0.05) as well as an expressed irregularity in the territorial distribution of longterm average annual rates in various towns and rural districts (from 0.9 up to 44.2 cases per 100 thousand people). In the vaccinated population cohort the TBE was registered 22.8 times less than in the unvaccinated one: χ2 = 23.78 (P < 0.001); RR = 3.1 (1.9–4.9). As the extend of mass-vaccination (b = 0.06 per annum, P < 0.05) and the area of acaricide treatments (b = 0.09 per annum, P < 0.05) were increasing, the number of virus-carrying ticks was reducing (b = –0.09 per annum, P < 0.001). The results of the comparison analysis of affect to the incidence of TBEcontrollable and uncontrollable factors in the territories with various rates of incidence prove the practicability of a risk-based approach to the prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis.
Current State of Cholera Specific Prophylaxis
Authors: Bespalova I. A. , Ivanova I. A. , Omelchenko N. D. , Filippenko A. V. , Trufanova A. A.
Published: July 2018

The threat of cholera spread beyond the borders of endemic countries and the realness of the emergence of introduced epidemic foci remain the actual problems and neccessitate continuous development of specific prophylaxis of this disease. The review is dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness of licensed cholera vaccines as well as to possible perspectives of the advancement of cholera specific prophylaxis.
Modern Approaches to the Methods of Creating of Phage Basis for Treatment-Prophylactic a Drug of Bacteriophages Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Polygach O. A. , Voroshilov N. N. , Tikunova N. V. , Morozova V. V. , Tikunov A. Y. , Кrylov B. N. , Yunusova A. A. , Dabizheva A. N.
Published: July 2018

Therapeutic and prophylactic preparations of bacteriophages are considered as an effective modern means of antimicrobial therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Bacteriophages that are part  of the drugs must be certified for confirmation of their lytic and  genetic properties, which ensures the safety and effectiveness of the  use of drugs. In our study, biological and morphological  properties were studied for drug design, the spectrum of  antibacterial activity of bacteriophages isolated in various regions of  Russia was determined. The most important stage of the work was  research on ensuring genetic safety of bacteriophage preparations.  As a result, a composition of 6 strains of lytic bacteriophages of P.  aeruginosa (PaUfa №№ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) composed of the  morphology of the virions to the families Podoviridae and Myoviridae, the order of Caudovirales, phylogenetic genetic groups phiKMV- likevirus , N4-likevirus, PB1-likevirus. The composition has a wide  spectrum of antibacterial activity (90.7%) with respect to 818  collisional, epidemiologically significant hospital and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, and also quite versatile for various remote  territories of Russia and CIS countries.
Vaccination of Children with Hemoblastosis
Authors: Коstinov M. P. , Таrasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Microsurgical rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in MS patients: technique, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Bigder Mark G. , Krishnan Sandeep , Cook E. Francis , Kaufmann Anthony M.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)–associated trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have higher recurrence and retreatment rates than non-MS patients. The optimal management strategy and role for microsurgical rhizotomy (MSR) for MS-TN remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to report time to treatment failure (TTF) and pain scores following MSR compared to percutaneous and Gamma Knife procedures.

METHODS

Time to treatment failure was analyzed after MSR (n = 14) versus prior procedures (n = 53) among MS-TN patients. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were utilized to compare TTF after MSR versus prior procedures using the same cohort of patients as their own control group. Subsequent analysis compared TTF after MSR to TTF after 93 other procedures among a second cohort of 18 MS-TN patients not undergoing MSR. BNI pain scores were compared between MSR and other procedures among the MS-TN cohort using a chi-square test.

RESULTS

TTF was significantly longer after MSR than after other procedures in the MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 10 months, respectively, p < 0.0001). Similarly, TTF was longer after MSR than after prior procedures in the non-MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 13 months, respectively, p < 0.001). MSR resulted in a higher proportion of excellent pain scores when compared to other procedures in the non-MSR cohort (77% vs 29%, p < 0.001). Probability of treatment survival was higher after MSR than after other procedures at all time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months). There were no deaths or major complications after MSR.

CONCLUSIONS

TTF was significantly longer following MSR compared to prior procedures in MS-TN patients. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients achieved excellent BNI pain scores after MSR.
Longitudinal survey of cranial case log entries during neurological surgery residency training
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , White Michael D. , Cohen Jonathan , Lunsford L. Dade , Hamilton D. Kojo
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to analyze national trends in adult cranial cases performed by neurological surgery residents as logged into the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) system.

METHODS

The ACGME resident case logs were retrospectively reviewed for the years 2009–2017. In these reports, the national average of cases performed by graduating residents is organized by year, type of procedure, and level of resident. These logs were analyzed in order to evaluate trends in residency experience with adult cranial procedures. The reported number of cranial procedures was compared to the ACGME neurosurgical minimum requirements for each surgical category. A linear regression analysis was conducted in order to identify changes in the average number of procedures performed by residents graduating during the study period. Additionally, a 1-sample t-test was performed to compare reported case volumes to the ACGME required minimums.

RESULTS

An average of 577 total cranial procedures were performed throughout residency training for each of the 1631 residents graduating between 2009 and 2017. The total caseload for graduating residents upon completion of training increased by an average of 26.59 cases each year (r2 = 0.99). Additionally, caseloads in most major procedural subspecialty categories increased; this excludes open vascular and extracranial vascular categories, which showed, respectively, a decrease and no change. The majority of cranial procedures performed throughout residency pertained to tumor (mean 158.38 operations), trauma (mean 102.17 operations), and CSF diversion (mean 76.12 operations). Cranial procedures pertaining to the subspecialties of trauma and functional neurosurgery showed the greatest rise in total procedures, increasing at 8.23 (r2 = 0.91) and 6.44 (r2 = 0.95) procedures per graduating year, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgical residents reported increasing case volumes for most cranial procedures between 2009 and 2017. This increase was observed despite work hour limitations set forth in 2003 and 2011. Of note, an inverse relationship between open vascular and endovascular procedures was observed, with a decrease in open vascular procedures and an increase in endovascular procedures performed during the study period. When compared to the ACGME required minimums, neurosurgery residents gained much more exposure to cranial procedures than was expected. Additionally, a larger caseload throughout training suggests that residents are graduating with greater competency and experience in cranial neurosurgery.
TEK PARTİ DÖNEMİNDE HAZIRLANAN PARTİ PROGRAMLARI TEMELİNDE EĞİTİMİN UZAK HEDEFLERİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Umut Birkan
Published: July 2018

Nitel araştırma özelliği taşıyan bu çalışmada, eğitim programlarının
birinci ve en temel öğesi olan eğitimin uzak hedeflerinin 1923–1946 yılları
arası dönem olarak tanımlanan tek partili dönemde parti programlarına yansıyan
şekliyle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ülkelerin politik felsefelerinin
şekillendirdiği geçmiş dönemlere ait eğitimin uzak hedeflerinin incelenmesinde
yararlanılabilecek en önemli kaynaklar o dönem ülkeyi yönetenlerin siyasi
düşüncelerini açıklıkla ortaya koydukları dokümanlardır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme
yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada tek partili
döneme ait 1923, 1931, 1935, 1939 ve 1943 yılları parti programları bu
çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, 1923–1946 yılları
arası dönem olarak tanımlanan tek partili dönemde eğitimin uzak hedeflerinin,
teorik eğitim yanında uygulamanın ön planda tutularak gerçek yaşama hazır,
cumhuriyet devrimlerine bağlı, ulus bilinci gelişmiş, girişimci yetenekleri üst
düzeyde olan, güzel sanatlara ve spora ilgi duyan, ekonomik kalkınma için
üreten bireyler yetiştirmek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİYLE BİRLEŞME VE DEVRALMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: KONAK Fatih , ÇITAK Levent
Published: July 2018

Karar verme yöntemlerinin analizi ya da
karar vermeye çabalama yöntemi muhtemelen insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir.
Şirketlerin veya piyasadaki paydaşlarının karar verme sürecinde ihtiyaç duyduğu
objektif yaklaşımların varlığı, alınması planlanan kararlara yol gösterici nitelik
taşımaktadır. Şirket birleşmesi ve devralmaları, şirketlerin yaşam döngüleri
içerisinde aldıkları en önemli kararlardan sayılabilir. Bu çerçevede,
çalışmamızın temel amacı, farklı bakış açıları göz önüne alınarak, birleşme ve
devralmaların şirketler üzerindeki pozitif veya negatif etkilerini ortaya
koymaktır. Bu perspektifte, farklı değerlendirme kriterlerini bir araya
getirerek alternatifler arasında seçim yapmayı sıralama yoluyla kolaylaştıran
“Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemlerinden”; TOPSIS, VIKOR ve MOORA yaklaşımları
ele alınmıştır. Birleşme ve devralmanın olası etkisini bu 3 yöntem açısından
değerlendirmek amacıyla Borsa İstanbul Tüm Endeksi’nde yer alan, 03.01.2011 –
31.12.2012 tarihleri arasında birleşme veya satın alma gerçekleştirmiş firmalar
belirlenmiş ve 2009-2014 yılları arasında Endeks içerisindeki konumları tespit
edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, endekste yer alan şirketlerden 25’inin belirtilen
tarih aralığında birleşme veya devralma gerçekleştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Analiz
kapsamında, bankalar, finans kuruluşları ve veri devamlılığı sağlamayan
firmalar dışarıda bırakılmış ve analiz 216 şirket üzerinden
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma çerçevesinde, ihtiyaç duyulan şirket verileri
Thomson Reuters Datastream veri tabanından elde edilmiş ve Microsoft Excel
vasıtasıyla modellerin çözümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, birleşme
ve devralma yılında TOPSIS ve VIKOR yöntemleri açısından negatif etkilenme söz
konusu iken, MOORA yöntemine göre şirketlerin bu faaliyetten pozitif etkilendiği
tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki yıllarda ise TOPSIS ve MOORA teknikleri açısından
negatif etki görülürken, VIKOR yöntemine göre orta vadede şirketlerin birleşme
ve devralma sonucunda performanslarının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer
taraftan, veri setinin ve kriterlerin bahsi geçen üç yöntemde de aynı olmasına
karşın, yöntemlerin metodolojilerinde ortaya çıkan farklılığının, şirket
performanslarını Endeks içerisinde değerlemede farklılaşmaya neden olduğunu
göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemleri açısından, model
seçiminin çıkacak sonuçlar üzerinde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.
TURİST REHBERLERİNDE TÜKENMİŞLİK VE MESLEKTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ
Authors: GÖKDEMİR Sinan , HACIOĞLU Necdet
Published: July 2018

Ziyaretçi memnuniyetindeki önemli aktörlerden
birisi de profesyonel turist rehberleridir. Rehberler, sadece rehberlik
yaptıkları çekim yerini tanıtan kişiler değil; ziyaret edilen ülkeyi en iyi
şekilde temsil etmekle yükümlü gönüllü turizm elçileridir. Turist rehberleri
bünyesinde çalıştıkları acenta, bölge ve hatta ülke hakkında iyi bir imaj
oluşturulmasında etkili faktörlerden birisidir. Bu sebeple turist rehberleri
entelektüel seviyeleri yüksek, ziyaret edilen ülkeyi en iyi yönleriyle
ziyaretçilere tecrübe ettirecek, örnek bir birey olmalıdırlar. Tükenmişlik,
insanlarla yüz yüze ve karşılıklı iletişime dayalı mesleklerde
gözlemlenebilmektedir. Freudenberger’e (1974) göre tükenmişlik “başarısız olma, yıpranma, enerji ve gücün
azalması veya tatmin edilemeyen istekler sonucunda bireyin iç kaynaklarında
meydana gelen tükenme durumu”dur. Tükenmişlik sendromu, turist
rehberlerinin de içerisinde bulunduğu hizmet sektöründe çalışan kişilerde
karşılaşılabilen bir durumdur. Bu çalışma, turist rehberlerinin tükenmişlik
seviyelerinin tespit etmek, buradan çıkacak sonuçlara göre de turist
rehberlerinin bu mesleği icra etmeye devam etmek isteyip istemediklerini
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma kapsamında eylemli
turist rehberlerinin tükenmişlik seviyeleri alt boyutlar üzerinden tespit
edilmiş, daha sonra bu değişkenlerin turist rehberlerinin meslekten ayrılma
niyetleri üzerindeki etkisinin olup olmadığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Araştırma kapsamında Tureb’e bağlı toplamda 550 turist
rehberinin anket formunu dağıtılmış ve doldurması sağlanabilmiştir. Toplanan
anket formlarının 138 tanesi eksik cevaplar, tutarsız bilgiler ve benzeri
nedenlerden dolayı geçersiz sayılmış ve analiz dışında bırakılmıştır. 412
geçerli anketten elde edilen veriler ile istatisitiki analizler yapılmış ve
bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, turist rehberleri üzerinde
yapılan bu çalışmada, turist rehberlerinin tükenmişliklerinin turist
rehberlerinin mesleği bırakma niyetlerini pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna
varılmıştır.
AGRESİF VERGİ PLANLAMASI YÖNTEMİ OLARAK TRANSFER FİYATLANDIRMASI: SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKELERDE VE TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANAN KURALLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Çelebi A. Kemal , Mastar Özcan Pelin
Published: July 2018

Çağımızın
en önemli ekonomik olgularından birisi sermayenin belirli şirketlerin elinde
toplanması ve çok uluslu şirket olarak adlandırılan bu şirketlerin yatırım ve
üretim faaliyetlerinin büyük değerlere ulaşmasıdır. Çok uluslu şirketler
küreselleşmenin kendilerine sağladıkları imkânları etkin bir şekilde kullanmak
suretiyle ülkelerin vergi gelirlerini erozyona uğratmakta buna karşın kȃrlarını
maksimize etmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu kapsamda çok uluslu şirketler; örtülü
sermaye, yeniden yapılandırma, anlaşma alışverişi, vergi cennetlerinde yatırım
yapma veya kazancı vergi cennetlerine aktarma, transfer fiyatlandırması
manipülasyonları gibi yöntemlerle agresif bir vergi planlaması yaparak vergi
yüklerini minimum düzeyde tutmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Çalışmada Türkiye ve
seçilmiş ülkelerde; çok uluslu şirketlerin en sık kullandığı agresif vergi
planlaması yöntemlerinden biri olan transfer fiyatlandırmasına ilişkin düzenlemeler
değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ülkelerin transfer fiyatlandırması denetim
süreçlerini ayrıntılı olarak planlayıp her aşamanın içeriğini mükellefe önceden
açıkladığı ve mükellefin itiraz hakkını daha etkin olarak kullandığı tespit
edilmiştir. Türkiye incelenen diğer ülkelerle aynı yöntem ve teknikleri
kullanmakla birlikte denetim sürecini ayrıntılı olarak açıklamamıştır.
Investigating the transparency and influenceability of altmetrics using the example of the RG score and the ResearchGate platform
Authors: Meier Andreas , Tunger Dirk
Published: July 2018

The present paper investigates the transparency and influenceability of the RG score. This altmetric specially developed by the best-known academic social network ResearchGate is intended to indicate a researcher’s academic perception in one single figure. We conducted a self-experiment to demonstrate that the indications of the RG score are difficult for the user to understand and are not transparent. They therefore do not fulfil the requirements of the Leiden Manifesto for research metrics. The results of our investigation show that activity in social networks appears to have a great impact on the RG score and can strategically and selectively influence this result. Furthermore, we succeeded in entering publications by other authors as our own, thus dramatically improving our RG score. On the whole, with a little effort and without any academic publications of our own we were able to achieve an RG score which was higher than almost half the scores of all ResearchGate users. This self-experiment should be interpreted as a pilot study and can be implemented in an expanded form in future.
Prevalence and Determinants of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against α1-Adrenergic Receptors in Patients Screened Positive for Dementia: Results from the Population-Based DelpHi-Study
Authors: Thyrian Jochen René , Hertel Johannes , Schulze Lara N. , Dörr Marcus , Prüss Harald , Hempel Petra , Bimmler Marion , Kunze Rudolf , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Teipel Stefan , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

Background:

There is a need to assess promising biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment response in real-life settings. Despite the important role of vascular risk factors, cardiovascular biomarkers have played a minor role in dementia research. Agonistic autoantibodies (agAAB) directed against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are discussed as modulators of pathology and clinical manifestation.

Objective:

1) Describe prevalence of agAAB directed against GPCR, especially agABB against α1-adrenergic receptors ( α1-AR-agAAB) and agABB directed against β2-adrenergic receptors ( β2-AR-agAAB) and 2) identify factors associated with agAAB in people with dementia during routine care.

Methods:

Blood samples and data from 95 subjects who screened positive for dementia from a primary care cohort, analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting agAAB. Sociodemographic and clinical data were assessed, and medical records checked.

Results:

In 40 (42%) samples, agAAB was detected, with n = 29 (31%) representing α1-AR-agAAB and n = 21 (22%) β2-AR-agAAB. There was no association between the presence of any antibody and a formal diagnosis of dementia. However, patients with coronary heart disease were more likely (OR = 4.23) to have α1-AR-agAAB than those without coronary heart disease. There were no associations between agAAB and age, sex, education, or cognitive impairment.

Discussion:

For the first time, we show that autoantibodies have a significant prevalence in people with dementia in a routine care setting. Previous findings were restricted to highly selective samples. We replicated the association between α1-AR-agAAB in patients with coronary heart diseases but were not able to find other factors associated with the presence of agAAB.
Ceramide Accumulation Is Associated with Declining Verbal Memory in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Chan Parco , Saleem Mahwesh , Herrmann Nathan , Mielke Michelle M. , Haughey Norman J. , Oh Paul I. , Kiss Alexander , Lanctôt Krista L.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Biomarkers in cognitively vulnerable populations, like those with coronary artery disease (CAD), may inform earlier intervention in vascular neurodegeneration. Circulating ceramide C18:0 (CerC18:0) is associated with changes in verbal memory in early neurodegeneration and CAD progression.

Objective:

To investigate whether plasma CerC18:0 accumulation is associated with longitudinal declines in verbal memory performance in CAD.

Methods:

In addition to total CerC18:0, we assessed its relative abundance to its precursors as ratios: CerC18:0 to monohexosylceramide C18:0 (MHxCer18:0), CerC18:0 to sphingomyelin C18:0 (SM18:0), and CerC18:0 to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Verbal memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test 2nd Ed. Using mixed models in 60 CAD participants, we evaluated associations between baseline CerC18:0 ratios and changes in verbal memory performance, adjusting for age, body mass index, and education. Given that cognitive decline is more rapid following onset of deficits, these associations were compared between those with possible mild vascular neurocognitive disorder (MVND).

Results:

Increased baseline CerC18:0 concentrations correlated with worse verbal memory performance over time (b[SE] = – 0.91[0.30], p = 0.003). Increased baseline CerC18:0/SM18:0 ( b[SE] = – 1.11[`], p = 0.03) were associated with worse verbal memory performance over time. These associations were not mediated by whether or not patients had possible MVND at baseline.

Conclusion:

These findings support aberrant CerC18:0 metabolism as an early neurobiological change in vascular neurodegeneration. Future studies should measure enzymes responsible for conversion of sphingolipid precursors into CerC18:0 to assess enzymatic activity.
Unusual Clinical Presentations Challenging the Early Clinical Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Baiardi Simone , Capellari Sabina , Bartoletti Stella Anna , Parchi Piero
Published: July 2018

The introduction of prion RT-QuIC, an ultrasensitive specific assay for the in vivo detection of the abnormal prion protein, has significantly increased the potential for an early and accurate clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). However, in the clinical setting, the early identification of patients with possible CJD is often challenging. Indeed, CJD patients may present with isolated symptoms that remain the only clinical manifestation for some time, or with neurological syndromes atypical for CJD. To enhance awareness of unusual disease presentations and promote earlier diagnosis, we reviewed the entire spectrum of atypical early manifestations of CJD, mainly reported to date as case descriptions or small case series. They included sensory either visual or auditory disturbances, seizures, isolated psychiatric manifestations, atypical parkinsonian syndromes (corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy-like), pseudobulbar syndrome, isolated involuntary movements (dystonia, myoclonus, chorea, blepharospasm), acute or subacute onsets mimicking a stroke, isolated aphasia, and neuropathy. Since CJD is a rare disease and its clinical course rapidly progressive, an in-depth understanding and awareness of early clinical features are mandatory to enhance the overall diagnostic accuracy in its very early stages and to recruit optimal candidates for future therapeutic trials.
TDP-43 and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathologic Subtype in Non-Amnestic Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia
Authors: Sahoo Aradhana , Bejanin Alexandre , Murray Melissa E. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Serie Amanda M. , Senjem Matthew L. , Machulda Mary M. , Parisi Joseph E. , Boeve Bradley F. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Dickson Dennis W. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: July 2018

Background:

TDP-43 has been shown to be strongly associated with memory loss, smaller hippocampal volumes, and faster rates of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with an amnestic presentation. Whether TDP-43 has any clinical or anatomical associations in AD patients with non-amnestic phenotype is unknown.

Objective:

To determine whether TDP-43 plays a significant role in the clinic-anatomic features of non-amnestic AD.

Methods:

All cases with pathologically confirmed intermediate-high probability AD from 1996–2012 were identified and retrospectively sub-classified into amnestic versus non-amnestic dementia at the time of presentation. Neurofibrillary tangle counts were performed in those with a non-amnestic presentation using thioflavin-S microscopy in the hippocampus and three neocortical regions, and all cases were subtyped into hippocampal-sparing, limbic-predominant, and typical AD pathology. TDP-43 immunoreactivity was used to assess for the presence of TDP-43. Statistical analyses helped determine whether pathologic subtype or TDP-43 was more strongly associated with clinico-imaging features.

Results:

Out of 172 pathologically confirmed AD cases, 36 (19%) were classified as non-amnestic. Twenty-five of these 36 (69%) had typical pathology, 0 limbic-predominant pathology, and 11 (31%) hippocampal-sparing pathology. Eleven (44%) of the 25 cases with typical pathology were TDP-43+. Of the 11 cases with hippocampal-sparing pathology, 4 (36%) were TDP-43+. There were no differences in demographic, clinical, or neuroimaging features in those with TDP-43 versus those without except for older age at onset ( p = 0.02) and age at death ( p = 0.02) in those with TDP-43. AD pathological subtype accounted for slightly more of the variances in the neocortex than TDP-43.

Conclusion:

In non-amnestic AD, we find little evidence that clinical or anatomical features of the disease are related to TDP-43.
Cognitive Training Improves Ratio Processing and Decision Making in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Burgio Francesca , Delazer Margarete , Meneghello Francesca , Pertl Marie-Theres , Semenza Carlo , Zamarian Laura
Published: July 2018

Background:

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show lower decision making and ratio processing abilities as compared to healthy peers.

Objective:

To evaluate whether cognitive training on number processing and/or executive functions improves performance on ratio processing and decision making under risk.

Methods:

In a controlled cross-over study, patients with MCI ( n = 23; mean MMSE 26.48, SD 2.43) underwent a week of numerical training followed by a week of executive-functions training (subgroup A), or vice versa (subgroup B). Before training (T1), patients performed experimental tasks of decision making (Game of Dice Task, GDT; Probability-Associated Gambling task, PAG-60 task) and of ratio processing as well as a neuropsychological background assessment. Experimental tasks were also administered after the first (T2) and the second (T3) training week.

Results:

The numerical training and the training of executive functions had a differential effect on experimental tasks of ratio processing. Only the numerical training proved to be effective. The effects of the two training types on decision making under risk were less clear-cut. While no changes over time were observed in the GDT, performance on the PAG-60 task improved in both training subgroups. These improvements were apparent in one subgroup after a period of executive-functions training, in the other subgroup after both training weeks. That means, improvements are not attributable to one specific training type.

Conclusion:

Patients with MCI can profit from a cognitive training on number processing and executive functions. Improvements are reflected in higher ratio processing abilities and more advantageous decisions after training. These results are consistent with assumptions of current cognitive models.
Structure study and performance analysis on the new laminated core type axial redundant magnetic bearing
Authors: Jing Fu , Xiaoguang Wang , Leilei Hou , Ao Pan
Published: July 2018

The continuous development of magnetic bearing in areas of aerospace, military, turbine power generation and flywheel energy storage has raised higher requirement for the reliability of magnetic bearing system. However, the integrated armco iron structure adopted by traditional concentric axial redundant magnetic bearing stator causes more eddy current loss and temperature rise when working and is not reliable. For the purpose of reducing eddy current loss and improving the reliability of magnetic bearing, this paper proposes a laminated core type axial redundant magnetic bearing. The comparison of dual-ring axial redundant magnetic bearing and laminated core type axial redundant magnetic bearing regarding their carrying capacity and temperature rise performance showed that the latter was better in an obvious way.
Prenatal, Neonatal, and Early Childhood Features in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Zapata-Aldana Eugenio , Ceballos-Sáenz Delia , Hicks Rhiannon , Campbell Craig
Published: July 2018

Background:

Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) is the neonatal onset and most severe presentation of Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Since it first description, perinatal complications have been detailed including prolonged hospital stay, respiratory and feeding therapy during the neonatal period, although long-term complications are less documented.

Objective:

Present a prospective cohort of CDM and compare it to the literature of other CDM case series, to adequately describe and contrast the prenatal, neonatal and infancy features of CDM.

Methods:

A 5-year cohort of CDM eligible cases was conducted via the Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program. 38 patients met the inclusion criteria. Comparison to other CDM case series published in the literature between 1992 and 2016 about perinatal and infancy morbidity.

Result:

From a total of 118 cases, the most frequent features were Polyhydramnios (58%), feeding therapy (77%), intubation and ventilation (58%); neonatal death was reported in 16% of the cases; the most frequent long-term morbidity were respiratory tract infections.

Conclusions:

We performed a detailed description of the main perinatal features of CDM and precise documentation of the mortality and morbidity during the first five years of life. This is an essential step in the knowledge of the natural history of CDM.
Evolvability and Neurodegenerative Disease: Antagonistic Pleiotropy Phenomena Derived from Amyloid Aggregates
Authors: Hashimoto Makoto , Ho Gilbert , Takamatsu Yoshiki , Shimizu Yuka , Sugama Shuei , Takenouchi Takato , Waragai Masaaki , Masliah Eliezer
Published: July 2018

At present, the precise physiological role of neurodegenerative disease-related amyloidogenic proteins (APs), including α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease and β-amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, remains unclear. Because of similar adaptability of both human brain neurons and yeast cells to diverse environmental stressors, we previously proposed that the concept of evolvability in yeast prion could also be applied to APs in human brain. However, the mechanistic relevance of evolvability to neurodegenerative disorders is elusive. Therefore, our objective is to discuss our hypothesis that evolvability and neurodegenerative disease may represent a form of antagonistic pleiotropy derived from the aggregates of APs. Importantly, such a perspective may provide an outlook of the entire course of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases.