bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic fracturing considerations: Insights from analogue models, and its viability in Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Dilan Arturo , Jiménez Díaz Giovanny
Published: April 2019

Fracking is being considered around the world as a potential method in the hydrocarbons extraction given the increase of production in USA and Canada during the last years with its implementation. The most criticized feature of the technique of fracking is the contamination of underground waters by fluids connected through the generated and/or pre-existing fractures. This work evaluates the viability of fracking in Colombian territory based in the study of the analogue models, considering the elastic properties of the reservoir rocks using gelatin, sand and clay that apply scaled pressure (lithostatic pressure to scale). The gelatin is used to simulate the reservoir zone, the clay will simulate one sail and the sand will simulate reservoir rocks of underground water. As a result seven different models were generated. There were simulated as 1) the anisotropy presence, 2) the rock sail presence, and 3) the injection groove of fluids in the pipeline. The completed models show that the required distance between the unconventional reservoir and underground waters to avoid contamination by fluids is ~200 m, also between the hydraulic fracturing point and the faults that connect with the shallows area is ~350 m, and it is suggested to study in detail the permeability of both: nearby faults and the rock sail. Two Colombian basins (Magdalena Midland Valley and Llanos) were taken as the main base to analyze the assessment of fracking according to the previously mentioned results, concluding that it is viable particularly in areas like Llanos Basin and with some precautions in similar zones to Magdalena Midland Valley Basin.
Hugo Pratt y la estética masónica: Corto Maltés, ¿el último romántico masón?
Authors: López David Martín , Jiménez Nievas Antonio
Published: April 2019

Este arta e Identidad. Universidad de La. Universidad de LA Laguna. tecta. Arte de la Universidad de granada, erfilando y ultimando una ículo, con un marcado componente multidisciplinar, aborda la manera que ha tenido el cómic de plasmar el hecho masónico, principalmente centrándose en la obra paradigmática del artista francmasón italiano Hugo Pratt (1927-1995) y, especialmente, en su personaje Corto Maltés (1967-1992).
Doxycycline Release of Dental Implants With Nanotube Surface, Coated With Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid for Extended pH-controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Alécio Artur Breno Wanderley , Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Babu Jegdish , Shokuhfar Tolou , Jo Seongbong , Magini Ricardo , Garcia-Godoy Franklin
Published: April 2019

When dental implants become infected, the progression of the disease is rapid. Commercially available dental implant surfaces can be easily contaminated, resulting in rapid progression of peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the pattern of doxycycline release from by dental implants with titanium nanotube surface (DINS) at different pHs to examine novel drug loading and chemical coating techniques. Nine DINS were loaded with doxycycline and subsequently coated with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amounts of released doxycycline in a 30-day period. Cytotoxicity of the DINS was evaluated by an assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The results showed that the experimental DINS coated with doxycycline and PLGA showed a mean drug release during the experimental period for the groups: pH 7.4 (8.39 μg/mL), pH 6.4 (8.63 μg/mL). The pH 5.4 (15.18 μl/mL) doxycycline release from DINS was faster at pH 5.4 than those at pHs 6.4 and 7.4 (P = .0031 and .0034, respectively). This new surface treatment of dental implants with titanium nanotubes and subsequent drug loading demonstrated biocompatibility and sustained doxycycline release over a 30-day period. Additional studies are needed in order to adopt a stable drug release at neutral pH environment while warranting a constant drug release in an acidic pH environment.
PENERAPAN GAMIFIKASI PADA PENILAIAN ABSENSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BIMBINGAN
Authors: Rahardja Untung , Aini Qurotul , Hayat Abdul , Santoso Nuke Puji Lestari
Published: April 2019

Memasuki perkembangan pendidikan pada era disruptif saat ini, selain teknologi yang terus berkembang dan mengalami inovasi. Para instrumen pendidikan juga dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan keterampilan dalam berpikir, khususnya bagi mahasiswa sebagai agent of change. Metode pembelajaran terus berkembang mengikuti pola pikir dinamis dari seluruh sudut pandang, dan mahasiswa adalah objek penelitian utama dalam keberhasilan metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan. Namun, permasalahannya adalah, belum adanya metode belajar yang cocok untuk digunakan selama proses bimbingan mahasiswa tingkat akhir, sehingga seluruh progress dari proyek yang diteliti tidak dapat dilihat secara efektif oleh dosen pembimbing. Setelah adanya inovasi metode collaborative learning berupa metode vasTmind, proyek terselesaikan secara struktural, sistematis, efektif, dengan bantuan alat mindomo yang dapat diakses secara online oleh mahasiswa bimbingan tingkat akhir. Terdapat 4 (empat) instrumen vasTmind, yaitu center (berupa judul penelitian), branch berupa list pekerjaan dilengkapi dengan nomor urut ID, tujuan project, serta kontributor. Memiliki 4 (empat) manfaat dalam penerapan vasTmind yaitu, sistematika pemikiran rapih, collaborative learning, project mapping, dan efisiensi gamifikasi. Telah dilakukan pengamatan proses penelitian pada 1 (satu) kelompok mahasiswa dengan fokus penelitian yang sama, dan terbukti dengan adanya implementasi pola collaborative learning ini, kualitas capaian penyelesaian proyek tiap mahasiswa juga memiliki perbedaan persentase. Sehingga, metode vasTmind untuk diimplementasikan pada proses penelitian dirasa sangat efisien dan efektif.
The overexpression of IGF-1 is a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma
Authors: Shushanov S. S. , Kravtsova T. A. , Vaiman A. V. , Akentieva N. P. , Chernykh Yu. B.
Published: April 2019

Introduction . Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are one of the widely studied factors in oncology. For tumors with a high expression level of IGF typical postoperative relapse, they are invasive and give distant metastases. There are also data on the participation of IGF in the emergence of resistance to anticancer drugs. The mechanisms that determine the influence of insulin-like growth factors on the progression of a number of malignant neoplasms remain undisclosed and carrying out fundamental research in this direction is relevant. Objective: to study the role of IGF type 1 (IGF-1) in multiple myeloma (MM).Materials and methods . 26 samples of bone marrow aspirates received from 26 patients – 14 men and 12 women – were studied in the work. All patients were diagnosed with stage III ММ. The age of patients ranged from 52 to 72 years. From the obtained bone marrow aspirates, using centrifugation in the Ficoll gradient, a mononuclear fraction of bone marrow cells containing plasma cells was obtained. Then we carried out the procedure of extracting RNA and using polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription, we studied the expression of mRNA of the genes of IGF-1 and MDR1/ABCB1.Results . The paper analyzes the overall survival (OS) of patients with MM depending on the expression of the gene IGF-1. It is shown that for patients with MM who have a high level of IGF-1 expression, a decrease in OS is characteristic and, conversely, with a weak expression of IGF-1 or in the absence of its expression, an increase in OS is observed. Studies of expression of IGF-1 gene and MDR1/ABCB1 gene responsible for the occurrence of multiple drug resistance showed that these genes are co-expressed in patients with MM. Conclusion . The obtained results indicate that the high level of IGF-1 gene expression may be a poor prognostic factor in ММ. IGF-1 may participate in regulation of the mechanisms of emergence of multiple drug resistance in patients with MM.
Analytical Review of Approaches in the Study and Correction of Behavioral Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Evidence from Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder)
Authors: Kuzmina T.I. , Chizhova A.O.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the overview of foreign and Russian behavioral disorder studies (e.g ADHD) in children and teens. Four approaches to the diagnosis and correction of ADHD in children and adolescents are identified: Anglo-Saxon (biomedical), French (socio-psychological), Russian (medical-psychological and neuropsychological), Asian (educational). Prospects on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of behavioral disorders and their correction (medication, neuropsychological, psychotherapeutic, etc.) indicated.
The Style of Interpersonal Relationships as a Determining Factor in the Social-Psychological Adaptation of Adolescents with a Slight Degree of Mental Retardation and with Normotypical Development in the Context of Co-Education in Secondary School
Authors: Boldyreva T.A.
Published: April 2019

The article presents and describes the style models of interpersonal interaction revealed through regression analysis, providing socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with mild mental retardation and with normotypical development, studying in secondary schools. 75 adolescents from rural schools were examined, who had a sufficient level of social and psychological adaptation, identified through the methods of diagnosing the social-psychological adaptation of R. Rogers and R. Diamond. Characteristics of interpersonal interaction studied using a modified version of T. Leary's interpersonal diagnosis in the adaptation of L.N. Sobchik. The differences in the structure of interpersonal relations, contributing to the adaptation of adolescents with normotypical development and with a slight degree of mental retardation revealed. The analysis of the correspondence of the presented results to modern studies of interpersonal relations among adolescents made possible to discover originality in the determination of socio-psychological adaptation not only among adolescents with mild mental retardation, but also with their normally developing peers in inclusive education.
Future of Salutogenic Approach to Prevention of Burnout Syndrome in Russian Physicians
Authors: Bochaver K.A. , Danilov A.B. , Nartova-Bochaver S.K. , Kvitchasty A.V. , Gavrilova O.Y. , Zyazina N.
Published: April 2019

Since the onset of the first studies of burnout syndrome in various contingents and professions, as a rule, negative clinical predictors and consequences of this syndrome have been in focus: stress, anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, suicidal behavior. Nevertheless, overcoming the burnout syndrome often occurs not by means of special interventions, but in a spontaneous, natural way. The study shows the character of association of personal authenticity, moral motives, age, experience and some other characteristics in a sample of Russian doctors (N=700) with burnout. The model of salutogenic approach to prophylaxy and prevention of burnout syndrome in modern psychology and medicine substantiated.
Identification of Challenges and Strengths of Children with Special Educational Needs in Their Musical Improvisations
Authors: Lipsky M. , Kantor J.
Published: April 2019

The study of therapeutic uses of musical improvisation can help to improve music therapy assessment which is the aim of this paper. This paper identifies 1. the individual challenges and strengths that may help to deal with problems reflected in musical improvisations of children with special needs and, 2. ways of their identification while listening to the children’s musical expression. Data collected from 180 verbal descriptions of musical improvisations of four children with special needs and then analysed using grounded theory as well as content analysis of documents. It was found that music reflects children’s problems (with mainly bio-behavioural character) as well as their strengths that may be helpful in coping with those problems. Some theoretical guidelines for analysis of musical improvisation and the planning of music therapy intervention were suggested based on these findings.
Insulin-like growth factor and its dynamics in babies born from mothers with obesity
Authors: Petrenko Yury V. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Marthiagina Maria A. , Novikova Valeria P. , Gurina Olga P. , Yakovlev Alexey V. , Islamova Kristina F.
Published: April 2019

Insulin-like growth factor is one of the regulators of fetal growth in the intrauterine period, and is responsible for its further development.

Purpose. To study postnatal growth in relation to insulin-like growth factor-1 and somatotropic hormonelevels in infants born to obese mothers.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 18 children (16 full-term and 2 premature infants of gestational age 31-35 weeks) born to mothers who were obese before pregnancy (group 1) and 18 children (17 full-term and 1 premature baby of gestational age 34 weeks) from mothers with normal body mass index before pregnancy. Weight and height were estimated at birth, at 3 and 6 months. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and somatotropic hormonewere determined by ELISA at birth in umbilical cord blood at 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results. During the neonatal period, at 3 and 6 months, height and weight did not have significant differences in both groups. At the age of 1 year in group 1 weight and height were higher than in group 2 (p < 0.05). Indicators of insulin-like growth factor-1 (128.71 ± 74.29 and 21.33 ± 15.21 ) and somatotropic hormone (4.3 ± 1.5 and 1.84 ± 0.36) was also higher in children of group 1 aged 1 year.

Conclusion. Changes in the somatotropic hormone – insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in children born to obese mothers may form the basis of metabolic syndrome in the future.
Resumen gráfico de la heterogeneidad de las actitudes en un destino turístico
Authors: Ramón Cardona José , Serra Cantallops Antoni
Published: April 2019

En las últimas décadas, diversos estudios empíricos han segmentado las actitudes de los residentes hacia el turismo. Pueden observarse similitudes en estos estudios, llevando a especular que podrían existir tipologías predefinidas cuyo peso dependería de la fase del ciclo de vida en que se encuentre el destino turístico. De la revisión y análisis de las segmentaciones existentes en la literatura se puede proponer una Segmentación Teórica, aparentemente válida para diferentes destinos turísticos. La Segmentación Teórica sugiere cinco grupos, define sus perfiles, propone su peso relativo, y su evolución prevista a lo largo del ciclo de vida. La Segmentación Teórica resume los estudios empíricos existente y proporciona indicaciones generales para los gestores, en ausencia de estudios empíricos específicos.A continuación, se plantea la interacción de la Segmentación Teórica propuesta con dos variables demográficas: el tiempo de residencia en la región y si elindividuo es nativo o no. Estas dos variables permiten nuevos desgloses con mayor detalle y claridad en la descripción de la población. Este nuevo desglose genera una elevada cantidad de información que puede ser resumida gráficamente.En la segunda parte del trabajo, se realiza un estudio empírico en la isla de Ibiza que busca poner a prueba la viabilidad de la Segmentación Teórica propuesta y la representación gráfica de la información. El análisis clúster genera una segmentación que concuerda en gran medida con la Segmentación Teórica. Las únicas diferencias observadas parecen debidas a la fuerte crisis que padecía la isla en el momento del trabajo de campo. Las diferentes variantes de representación gráfica realizadas resumen de forma visual los resultados principales del análisis, aunque necesitan mejoras metodológicas.
Association of Strategy of Direct Stenting of Infarct-Related Artery with Reduction of Mortality in Woman with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bessonov I. S. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Ziryanov I. P. , Sapozhnikov S. S.
Published: April 2019

Aimof this study was to evaluate the impact of direct stenting (DS) strategy on the results of treatment of female patients with STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs).Materials and methods. Among 1297 patients with STEMI admitted to the coronary care unit and subjected to PCIs from 2006 to 2015 there were 330 women (25.4 %). Data from 161 women (48.8 %) who underwent DS were compared with those from 169 women who underwent indirect stenting (IS). Among patients of IS group in 148 (87.6 %) stenting was performed after predilation, in 7 (4.1 %) after manual thrombus aspiration, and in 14 (8.3 %) after combination of predilation and thrombus aspiration.Results. The rate of angiographic success was higher in the DS group (97.5 vs. 87.6 %, р<0.001). Rates of deaths (4.3 vs. 11.8 %; p=0.013), major adverse cardiac events (MACE)(4.3 vs. 13 %; p=0.005), and no-reflow (1.9 % vs. 11.2 %; p=0.013) were significantly lower in the DS group. There were no differences in rates of recurrent myocardial infarction and access site complications. Following propensity score matching, each group contained 78 patients. Rates of MACE (2.6 vs. 14.1 %; p=0.009) and deaths (2.6 vs. 12.8 %; p=0.016) remained significantly lower in the DS group. After multivariate adjustment, DS strategy was independently associated with lower mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.29; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.97; p=0.04) and MACE (OR=0.28; 95 %CI 0.09–0.087; p=0.03).Conclusion. DS strategy in STEMI female patients turned out to be safe and effective technique.
Visualisation and Radiofrequency Ablation of Sympathetic Innervation Loci in the Left Atrium in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Romanov A. B. , Shabanov V. V. , Losik D. V. , Elesin D. A. , Stenin I. G. , Minin S. M. , Nikitin N. A. , Mikheenko I. L. , Pokushalov E. A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: A novel cardiac gamma camera utilizes the radiopharmaceutical Iodine-123-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) to visualize cardiac sympathetic innervation. Physiological accumulation of123I-mIBG provides an anatomical quantitative determination of the structures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with discrete uptake areas (DUA) of sympathetic activity located in the left atrium (LA) corresponding to the main ganglionic plexi (GP) clusters that could not previously be visualized.Aim: to visualize the DUA of the heart in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and to assess the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on DUA in LA.Materials and Methods. Computed tomography (CT) of the heart and radionuclide imaging with123I-mIBG were performed in 15 patients with paroxysmal AF. The results of the study were combined with preliminary taken CT images to create a detailed anatomical map of the sympathetic activity of the heart. The processed images were combined with the 3D reconstruction of the LA, obtained with the navigation system (CARTO 3, CARTO RMT). In DUA, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) followed by RF ablation was performed using the current recommended parameters.Results. Forty-eight DUA (median 3 [3; 3]) were identified. Average activity of DUA was 1315 [1171; 1462] cnt / sec / ml. Positive response to HFS in the DUA was obtained in 8 (53.3 %) patients. Prior to ablation, no response was received to HFS in areas of LA outside the DUA. After ablation, there was no response to HFS in the DUA sites. At repeated scans 3 DUA (median 0 [0; 0]; p<0.001 compared with preoperative data) were observed. Activity of DUA significantly decreased to 819 [684; 955] cnt / sec / ml (p<0.001 as compared with preoperative data). Thirteen of 13 of 15 patients (87 %) had no AF / AT / AFL recurrences for 6 month follow up.Conclusion. In patients with AF, the areas of sympathetic activity in LA can be visualized by physiological localized uptake of123I-mIBG. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can target the identified sympathetic innervation structures in AF patients precisely and effectively.
Study of electrocardiographic changes pattern in cases of snake bites in a tertiary care hospital of Mahakaushal area of central India
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Pall Abhijit , Kirar Rupesh Singh
Published: April 2019

Background: Snake bite is an occupational hazard for farmers and farm laborers in the Indian subcontinent. Most snake venom can adversely affect multiple organs. Various ECG changes have been reported in a large percentage of cases of snake bite (particularly viper and krait) from time to time. Thus, cardiotoxicity was studied with ECG.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried on 84 patients admitted in Ward/ICU, Department Of Medicine, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India on patients of snake bite reporting from all over Mahakaushal area of central India from March 2017 to August 2018.Results: The commonest manifestation in vasculotoxic snake bite was tachycardia (16.67%). On admission, ECG manifestations were 39.1% in poisonous bites were sinus tachycardia (17.8%), sinus bradycardia (9.5%), nonspecific ST-T changes (5.9%), AV block (3.5%) and sinus arrhythmia (2.3%) of all cases. These ECG changes were 2.3% in nonpoisonous patients. In symptomatic cases mortality was 19% with no mortality was seen in non-poisonous snake bite. There was significant difference between outcome of abnormal ECG group and normal ECG group patients (p <0.005).Conclusions: There is significant impact of snake poisons on cardiovascular profile and ECG can be a useful tool to predict outcome.
Physical activity and perceived barriers among doctors working in King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, 2018
Authors: Khateeb Eyad , AlKharji Turki , AlQutub Sulafa
Published: April 2019

Background: Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide, and Saudi Arabia has been identified as one of the countries with the highest prevalence of physical inactivity. This study seeks to determine the physical activity levels and to identify the perceived barriers against physical activity among doctors.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving all physicians practicing in King Abdulaziz Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All doctors holding administrative positions during the conduct of the survey were excluded from the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select the doctors. A previously published and validated self-administered questionnaire was used in the study. The results of the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Among the 178 physicians surveyed, more than half (74.6%) reported having regular physical activity. Among the 129 doctors who reported low to high physical activity, 50.0% were in the moderate to high category, meanwhile only 23.7% were in the low category. We found a significant relationship between the level of physical activity and perceived total exercise benefits/barriers (p<0.001), exercise benefits (p-value=0.009), and exercise barriers (p<0.001).Conclusions: Most of the physicians were physically active. However, there is still a need to encourage physicians to improve their physical activity, which would improve their perception of exercise and set them as better role models for physical activity among their patients and the communityz.
Valores objeto de conservación del subsistema de áreas protegidas de los Andes occidentales, Colombia
Authors: Roncancio-Duque Nestor Javier , Vélez Vanegas Laura Alejandra
Published: April 2019

Para planificar el manejo de la conservación de la biodiversidad y de los recursos naturales se deben formular objetivos específicos y medibles que permitan evaluar la efectividad de la gestión. Su formulación específica para cada uno de los componentes de la biodiversidad o de los servicios ecosistémicos derivados de sus procesos ecológicos no es práctico, pues ello no ayuda a una gestión ambiental efectiva. Por lo tanto, se deben seleccionar unos elementos sustitutos que representen los objetivos de la conservación y las situaciones de manejo que deben resolverse para alcanzarlos. En este sentido, como paso inicial para revisar la planeación del manejo de todo el territorio, el equipo del Subsistema de Áreas Protegidas Andes Occidentales (SAO) llevó a cabo la selección de esos elementos sustitutos denominados “valores objeto de conservación” usando el enfoque de especies del paisaje, el cual permite definir un grupo de especies animales que cumplen funciones de especies sombrilla, piedra angular y bandera. En el SAO se definieron nueve especies, entre las cuales se encuentran cuatro carnívoros, incluidos dos felinos, mamíferos acuáticos, un ave, un ungulado, un primate y un roedor. Con ello se aspiraba a generar un plan de manejo concertado con todos los actores del territorio para lograr su conservación efectiva y consolidar la estructura ecológica del subsistema. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Variation of Cranial Base Morphology among Different Sagittal Skeletal Malocclusion – A Cephalometric Study in Nepalese Population
Authors: Mahto Ravi Kumar , Kafle Dashrath , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Khanal Siddhartha , Khanal Sonika
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Variation of cranial base morphology among different sagittal skeletal malocclusion has been evaluated previously by many studies. However, the findings of these studies conducted in different population differ due to racial/ ethnic differences. Objective: To obtain measurement data for various cranial base parameters and evaluate the variation in cranial base morphology among different sagittal skeletal malocclusion in Nepalese population. Materials and Methods: Manual tracing and measurement of 4 different cranial base parameters [linear- Anterior Cranial Base Length (ACBL), Posterior Cranial Base Length (PCBL) and Total Cranial Base Length (TCBL); angular - Cranial Base Angle (CBA)] were done on 90 pretreatment lateral cephalogram of healthy adult orthodontic patients. Study samples were matched for age and were equally distributed among three different sagittal skeletal malocclusion group using ANB angle. [skeletal Class I: 30, skeletal Class II: 30 and skeletal Class III: 30]. Analysis Of Variances [ANOVA] followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test was used to determine difference in cranial base measurements among three sagittal skeletal group. Results: While comparing the cranial base parameters among different sagittal skeletal class, mean value for all the parameters reduced systematically from skeletal Class II, via skeletal Class I, to skeletal Class III group. However, a statistically significant difference was found only for TCBL between skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A significant difference in TCBL among different sagittal skeletal malocclusion was observed in Nepalese adults.
Methodological Characteristics of Clinical Trials: Impact of Mandatory Trial Registration
Authors: Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Padhy Biswa Mohan , Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Gupta Yogendra Kumar
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Numerous studies across multiple specialties have evaluated the impact of trial registration on quality of study reports and found significant improvements over several domains. However, the impact of mandatory trial registration on the quality of clinical trial protocols remains hitherto unexplored. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of clinical trial applications submitted to drug regulatory authority of India for initial review with the objective of comparing methodological characteristics of their protocols. Since trial registration was made mandatory in the country in June 2009, we selected two study periods as between January 2007 to May 2009 (Period I) and July 2009 to December 2011 (Period II). Seventy-five protocols were randomly selected using a computer-generated list for each study period, making a total of 150 protocols. Data on twelve key methodological characteristics were collected including clearly defined primary outcomes, randomization, blinding, use of control group, statistical methods, handling of withdrawals amongst others. Results: More than 3/4th of the trial applications in the two study periods were for new chemical entities and nearly 90% were pharmaceutical industry sponsored studies. Comparing the period before and after implementation of mandatory trial registration, description of clearly defined trial outcomes improved from nearly 42% to 80% (p<0.001), sample size justifications increased from 38% to 70% (p<0.001) and use of allocation concealment improved from 24% to 49% (p=0.001). Marked improvement was also noted for blinding, description of statistical methods and handling of withdrawals and dropouts. Remaining characteristics did not change significantly between the two study periods. The mean cumulative scores for the study protocols improved significantly from 7± 0.296 in the first period to 8.93± 0.346 (p<0.001) in the second period. Conclusions: Our study found a significant improvement in the methodological quality characteristics of the protocols particularly in elements related to minimization of bias and statistical methods, which could be attributed to mandatory trial registration. Overall, the significant improvement was limited to global clinical trials, and room for improvement was noted for two quality characteristics – proportion of randomized studies and trials adequately describing the generation of allocation sequence.
Noise Annoyance and Perception by Low-Frequency Noise in Students
Authors: Etemadinezhad Siavash , Abbasi Milad , Alizadeh Larimi Ahmad , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Jaffari Talaar poshti Roghay’eh
Published: April 2019

Background: Low-frequency noise as a detrimental occupational and environmental factor which can cause noise annoyance. In addition to noise, factors such as sensitivity and awareness of adverse health effects of noise seem to play an important role in causing annoyance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of noise annoyance and loudness perception caused by exposure to low-frequency noise with noise sensitivity. Methods: To achieve this goal, 80 students were exposed to low-frequency noise exposure at 65 dBA in an acoustic room. After one hour of exposure, the subjects completed the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale, Loudness Perception Scale, and Noise Annoyance Scale. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test and the Multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that the mean score of noise annoyance and loudness perception was significantly higher in the group with high noise sensitivity. Also, increasing the awareness of the harmful effects of noise significantly increased the level of annoyance and loudness perception of individuals. The results of MANOVA showed that noise sensitivity has a significant effect on both the response variables. Also, awareness of the harmful effects of noise only affects loudness perception. The interaction effect of two independent variables was not significant on any of the response variables .Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that noise sensitivity and awareness of the harmful effects of noise are two important factors that exacerbate the annoyance caused by exposure to low-frequency noise.
The Effects of Alarm on the Situation Awareness in Firefighter
Authors: Ghodsiniya Mohammadhasan , Habibi Ehsan
Published: April 2019

Background: One of the effective factors on controlling fire stations' system is situational awareness potentially varying in different scenarios. This study will investigate the relationship between situational awareness, as a set of the cognitive attributes, and ergonomics. It has been proved that situational awareness improves the performance of an organization's staff. Methods: This is semi-experimental research in which 30 firefighters from Isfahan urban fire stations participated. Materials used in this research are brachial pressure, a pulse oximeter (fingertip), and Situation Awareness Assessment Approaches. In each step, five firefighters from one fire station were tested twice. Results: Average score of situational awareness did not change significantly after the fire station alarm compared to before it. After the alarm, physiological variables such as blood pressure and heart rate decreased and increased, respectively. The results showed work experience played a significant role in the score of situational awareness and increase in heartbeat. Conclusion: Given the lack of effect of alarm but the effect of work experience on situational awareness, experienced firefighters’ experiences and training can be used for improving situational awareness in young and inexperienced firefighters.
Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Authors: Samiei Sajjad , Alefi Mahsa , Alaei Zahra , Pourbabaki Reza
Published: April 2019

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common factors that lead to occupational injuries among hospital staff. Considering the key role of hospital staffs in providing health services to patients, this study was conducted to assess risk factors that are effective on low back pain and the use of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to predict it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 90 nurses of the Isfahan hospitals in 2018. First, the risk factors that affect pain in the lumbar region was assessed, then a model with the precision of 0.91% to predict low back pain was developed using the ANFIS by the MATLAB2016a software. Results: First,  linear regression model showed four risk factors repetitive movements, long-standing, bending of the back, and carrying heavy objects were the most significant ones compared to other risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. After a study of these risk factors in the ANFIS, various tests were conducted and the best model with a confidence level of 91% was selected as the model. Conclusion: The ANFIS can be used as an appropriate tool to predict lower back pain.
STRENGTHENING PLURALISM IN LITERATURE LEARNING FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION OF SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Imron A.M. Ali , Nugrahani Farida
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the aspects of pluralism in literature as a portrait of socio-cultural society and to describe the aspects of pluralism as a literary material for character education, in particular, the affirmation of student nationalism.

Methodology: This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Data source are literary works containing pluralism dimensions in poetry, fiction, and drama genres. Data collection through library study techniques and in-depth interviewing and Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis is done by reading the method of the semiotic model including heuristic reading (language level) and hermeneutic reading (interpretation level of meaning).

Results: Result of research and discussion are the aspect of pluralism in literature is a portrait of socio-cultural condition of diversity at society and the aspects of pluralism can be stressing as a literary material for character education, especially the affirmation of nationalism of school students.

Implications: Thus, pluralism literature is a literature that expresses the notions of diversity that reflect the real portrait of the Indonesian nation.
Neuroregenerative Rehabilitation Therapy with long-term Lithium in a Male Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient: A Case Report.
Authors: Sharma Alok , Sane Hemangi , Pradhan Radhika , Paranjape Amruta , Gokulchandran Nandini , Kaur Jasbinder , Das Rohit , Badhe Prerna
Published: April 2019

Various cellular therapies are being increasingly investigated for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease with selective loss of anterior horn cells. Lithium is known to enhance the potency of transplanted cells, while being well tolerated by ALS patients. Additionally, rehabilitation significantly improves outcomes in various neurodegenerative disorders. We present a 47-year-old male patient suffering from ALS for 2 years, whose treatment involved intrathecal transplantation of autologous Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cells and long-term Lithium, followed by multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation, and standard Riluzole treatment. ALS-FRSr score improved from 39 to 41; FIM remained stable at 101; 6MWT distance improved from 396 m to 480 m and Berg Balance score remained stable at 56 over a span of 18 months. Symptomatic improvements were seen in speech, swallow, stamina, walking and muscle strength; fasciculations and cramps reduced drastically. The highlight of this case is the maintenance of the patient’s condition in view of a degenerative prognosis. Cellular therapy along with long term Lithium and holistic rehabilitation, in addition to standard Riluzole treatment- together termed as Neuroregenerative Rehabilitation Therapy- is a novel approach for halting disease progression and qualitatively improving living conditions for ALS patients and caregivers alike.
Assessing The Knowledge and Attitudes of Group of Practicing Dentists in Saudi Arabia with Regards to Antifungal Prescriptions for The Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Mansy Wael , Alwakeel Abdulaziz , Alwakeel Abdullah , Alomran Waad
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Candida albicans is the most prevalent causative species of oral fungal infections. This study was designed to assess the knowledge of dentists who are practicing in a dental university hospital regarding antifungal prescriptions for the treatment of oral candidiasis in a Riyadh city, SA.

Material and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire were distributed among dentists of different specialties to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward antifungal prescription for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Statistical  analysis  was  carried out  to describe the properties of the sample in terms of frequencies and distribution while chi square test was used to compare the results between groups at level of significant P value ≤0.05 using  the  Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) Program.

Results: A total of 130 completed questionnaires were received.  Males contributed 55.4% compared to 44.6% female counterparts. Topical antifungals were preferred by 85.4% of the participants. Topical Nystatin and oral fluconazole were the chosen antifungal agents by the dentists for the treatment of local (55.4%) and systemic (58.4%) fungal infections respectively. The challenge that was faced by most respondents (46%) is the lack of knowledge about the recommended dosage to be prescribed. Also, a significant difference in the knowledge was detected between dentists of different specialties.

Conclusion: Most dentists will start with topical antifungal agents, nystatin suspension is the first medication of choice follow by miconazole and for the systemic antifungal agents oral fluconazole is first medication of choice. As for the adjunctive therapy most participants prescribed 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash.
Difference in IVF outcome and pregnancy rate in triggering ovulation by rHCG vs uHCG
Authors: KHRAIT Zakwan
Published: April 2019

Historically, urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (uHCG) has been used as an alternative to LH to induce final oocyte maturation in women undergoing IVF. This retrograde chart review study was done at Medcare Fertility Center, Dubai, UAE between April 2016 to July 2017 to know the difference in IVF outcome and pregnancy rate in triggering ovulation by rHCG vs uHCG.

Total 117 women with poor ovarian response were included in this study. Embryo transfer rate for the recipient of Pregnyl and Ovitrelle was 50.77% and 51.92% respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate for Pregnyl vs Ovitrelle was 15.38% and 16.92% respectively. Positive βHCG was noted in 22.22% participants.

Large-scale multi-center RCT is required to predict the outcomes more accurately.
Utility of Rapid urease test in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Khetrapal Shaan , Shukla Samarth , Rana Safia , Jairajpuri Zeeba S , Acharya Sourya
Published: April 2019

Aim: To evaluate the role of rapid urease test in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in various gastro intestinal lesions vis a vis conventional and special staining methods.

Materials & Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on 50 cases with gastro intestinal lesions.  The obtained biopsies were then subjected to rapid urease test for detection of H. pylori by using the Pronto Dry Kit immediately. Further histopathology examination using conventional H & E (haematoxylin and eosin) stain and special Gimenez stain for H. pylori was done.

Results: In this study gender wise distribution of patients showed 58% males and 42% females. Chronic gastritis was found to be the most common diagnosis (28%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (20%) chronic inflammation (16%), H. pylori gastritis and adenocarcinoma stomach (6%), adenocarcinoma esophagus, dysplasia, erosion, esophagitis and perforation in 4%. Least common diagnosis was atrophic gastritis and carcinoid in 2%. We found that 26 cases were positive for H. pylori with Rapid urease test and 24 with special stain (Gimenez).

Conclusion: This study amalgamates and incorporates the valuable clinical assessment along with the endoscopic findings, the surgical pathological (histopathology) evaluation of the biopsies along with the proto dry kit (rapid urease test), as a kind of “Gastric Triple Test” for declaring the patients as positive or negative for pathogenic infection with Helicobacter pylori.
The man of Ernest J. Gaines' novelistic universe: between emasculation and self-assertion
Authors: Bassamanan Touré
Published: April 2019

This paper highlights the different layers of meaning that characterize the notion of manhood in Gaines’ fiction. The quest for manhood represents an imperative for the frustrated men in the framework of the social context wherein they are emasculated. Here, manhood should be grasped through a binary paradigm. On the one hand, the expression of manhood equates with male domination and violence. On the other hand, due to social expectations, manhood refers to the struggle for freedom. It undermines the white racial superiority and it claims blacks’ humanity. Manhood fosters humanistic principles. Thus, it takes on a universal dimension.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU RESIKO KERAWANAN PANGAN KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Yunani Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui indikator dan pemetaan daerah resiko kerawanan pangan di Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Memetakan kondisi ketahanan/kerawanan pangan di Barito Kuala. Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis isu dan permasalahan terkait kemungkinan potensi resiko kerawanan pangan di Barito Kuala. Data dan informasi yang telah dikumpulkan (data sekunder dan data primer) kemudian dilakukan pemutakhiran data, kompilasi, tabulasi data dan mengolah data spasial (pemetaan). Metode yang digunakan dalam identifikasi kerentanan dan kerawanan pangan di atas menggunakan alat analisis MINITAB sebagai alat analisis statistika yang dapat mengkompilasi sekaligus beberapa variabel untuk analisis komposit. Kemudian untuk sebaran kerawanan dan ketahanan pangan menggunakan Arcgis, suatu alat pemetaan yang sudah banyak digunakan dalam analisis spasial. Melalui analisa komponen utama (Principal Component Analysis/PCA) telah ditentukan komponen yang mempengaruhi dalam penyusunan kerawanan pangan di Barito Kuala melalui 7 (tujuh) indikator tersebut dihasilkan komponen-komponen yang mempengaruhi sebagai berikut :Komponen utama / PC 1 Jumlah Warung/toko kelontongan, fasilitas kesehatan, Komponen utama / PC 2 Akses jalan, persentase kemiskinan, Komponen utama / PC 3 Gizi buruk, akses jalanm, Komponen utama / PC 4          Fasilitas kesehatan, Kematian balita dan ibu melahirkan, Komponen utama / PC 5 Persentase kemiskinan, akses jalan, Komponen utama / PC 6 Fasilitas Kesehatan, kematian balita dan ibu melahirkan.Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada 12 desa yang masuk katagori prioritas 1 berpotensi rawan pangan, masuk katagori prioritas 2 waspada rawan pangan sebanyak 26 desa, untuk katagori prioritas 3 awas rawan pangan terdapat 65 desa dan masuk katagori prioritas 4, prioritas 5, prioritas 6 dalam kondisi aman rawan pangan totalnya sebanyak 97 desa.  Strategi peningkatan ketahanan pangan perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan jalur ganda (twin track approaches) yaitu : Pendekatan jangka pendek dengan mengupayakan membangun peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat pedesaan yang berbasis pertanian pada upaya peningkatan nilai tambah dan peluang penyediaan lapangan kerja. Pendekatan jangka menengah dan panjang adalah dengan memenuhi kecukupan pangan dan gizi golongan masyarakat miskin dan rawan pangan dengan pendekatan pemberdayaan melibatkan partisipasi dan peran akitf seluruh komponen.Kata Kunci : Kerawanan Pangan
INFLUENCE OF GENUS BACTERIA BACILLUS ON QUALITY OF Lactuca sativa L.
Authors: Doroshchuk O. V. , Kalatskaja J. N. , Laman N. A. , Minkova V. V. , Mandrik-Litvinkovich M. N.
Published: April 2019

Primal problem of vegetable growing is constant supply of the population with all types of vegetables, including green cultures. Green cultures are vegetables that have high nutritional value and precocity. However they often are infected by phytopathogenic microorganisms already at initial stages of ontogenesis at cultivation in closed soil conditions. It leads to emergence of disjointed shoots, deterioration of growth and development of plants and loss of quality. Now in the Republic of Belarus a number of biological substances on the basis of bacteria Bacillus was developed. They are used against diseases of plants of mushroom and bacterial etiology. However there is not information about influence of bacteria on quality of products of green cultures. The aim of the work was studying of influence of two strains of bacteria Bacillus that were introduced in peat substrate on efficiency and quality of lettuce. Two strains of bacteria Bacillus were used in the work. They were selected from the soil. The strains are Bacillus subtilis M9/6 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 23TM that have high antagonistic activity to a wide range of phytopathogens. Cultivation of plants carried out in containers of 250 ml under light installations with illuminating intensity 13-15 thousand luxury and lasting irradiating of 14 hours before technical ripeness of lettuce. It was established that the application of strain Bacillus subtilis M9/6 (in concentration 106 cells/ml, 10 ml/l of substrate) and the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 23TM (5 ml/l of substrate) in substrate before sowing increased nutrition value of lettuce. Dry matter content, water-soluble carbohydrates (mono - and disaccharides) content and vitamin C content increased. The bacterial strain B. amyloliquefaciens 23TM also promoted accumulation of vitamin B2. The content of nitrates in lettuce leaves decreased on 50,3% and 39,1%, respectively. It was shown that the application of bacteria in substrate before sowing of crop has a greater influence on quality of lettuce, than watering of shoots.