bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Fracture Orientation and Fluid Saturation by Scattered Waves: Numerical Experiments and Field Observations
Authors: Galina Reshetova , Vladimir Almaty Tcheverda , Anastasiya Novosibirsk Merzlikina , Valery Shilikov
Published: October 2016

The main peculiarity of hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate environment is impermeability of the rock matrix. Oil is concentrated within cavities, but flows through the system of fractures. Hence, it is important not only to identify the presence of fractures, but also to determine their dominant orientation. This knowledge is necessary to optimize location and direction of horizontal wells to guarantee optimal exploration of the reservoir.

The necessary stage to reveal manifestation of fracture corridors and their orientation is detailed analysis of the synthetic seismograms simulated for realistic geological model of the cracked reservoir. We developed special software to do that for 3D realistic heterogeneous multiscale media and applied it for typical model of the fractured carbonate reservoirs of East Siberia. Results of the series of numerical experiment prove that orientation of fracture corridors and fluid saturation of the reservoir have significant impact in the scattered waves. The next stage is to separate scattering and specular reflections. To do that we compute selective images and use them to localize areas with higher fracturing and fluid saturation. To conclude our analysis we present results of real data processing for some oil deposits in East Siberia and their valdation on well test data.
Concerns of Sesmic Data Processing for Scattering Waves Separation in Order to Fracturing Forecast
Authors: Voronin Andrei , Sergeev Sergei , Shevchenko Svetlana
Published: October 2016

In the paper authors describe how seismic data disturbances affect scattering wave separation. They provide a set of recommendations for processing procedures that would improve the reliability of results.

The original method based on mathematically precise solution of inverse scattering problem was performed to separate scattered waves from full multifold seismic data.

Input data was modelled 2D seismograms and 3D field seismic data. Authors made observations on scattered wave separation result after adding different disturbances to modeled data and after different processing stages on real 3D data. Some conclusions and recommendations were made based on the observations.

The paper shouldn't be considered as a deepest research of the problem. Only the main kinds of seismic data disturbances are examined.
Hybrid EOR Technology: Carbonated Water and Smart Water Improved Recovery in Oil Wet Carbonate Formation
Authors: Kilybay Alibi , Ghosh Bisweswar , Thomas Nithin Chacko , Aras Priyadarshan
Published: October 2016

Search for an alternative, cheap and environmental friendly EOR method has resulted in the development and subsequent field implementation of Smart Water Injection (SWI) and CO2 injection (COI). Though miscible COI has multi-fold advantages, carbonated water injection (CWI) may surpass COI in terms of volume requirement and efficiency. This research work is focused on finding the benefits of combination of SWI & CWI in terms of reduced residual saturations in oil wet carbonate formation.

In order to measure the recovery efficiency, core flooding experiments are conducted with SWI as a tertiary recovery following sea water secondary recovery. This is followed by quaternary recovery using smart water saturated with CO2 (CSWI). Three high potential smart water compositions are screened and the best one is chosen for oil recovery studies. Effluent samples collected at pre-defined pore volume injection intervals are analyzed in ppm level using ICP-MS. The analysis is supported by NMR porosity distribution studies, interfacial tension and zeta-potential studies.

Core flooding results showed that tertiary recovery with SWI resulted in 4.8 - 9.5% recovery, whereas the quaternary recovery with CSWI resulted in 5.7 % to 13.6% additional oil. The underlying physical processes and the pore-scale mechanisms of fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interactions during SWI-CWI are explained in terms of surface potential, electrical double layer, oil swelling factor, droplet coalescence, wettability alteration and flow diversion due to fluid redistribution within the pore network.

From this study it is established that CSWI could be a novel and promising EOR technique among the latest EOR methods. CSWI has an advantage over COI due to the fact that it exists as a dissolved gas instead of free phase. It eliminates the requirement for high pressure system, the problems of gravity segregation and poor sweep efficiency. Combination of CWI with SWI can make it an effective EOR solution with significant cost advantage, higher oil recovery in addition to the environmental benefits of CO2 sequestration.
Drilling Mud Gravity Segregation in Wellbore Zone and Its Effect on Induction and Electric Logging Measurements
Authors: Bocharov Oleg , Makarov Alexander , Seryakov Alexander
Published: October 2016

Mudcake formation while performing overbalanced drilling prevents intensive mud filtrate invasion into the formation. The hydrodynamic resistance that grows together with the mudcake blocks filtration through its boundary and gradually puts formation fluid motion under the effect of the gravity force determined by the difference of filtrate and formation fluid densities. This effect can be traced using wireline electromagnetic (EM) logging a day (or a few days) after reservoir penetration. This paper presents the results of 2D filtration and electromagnetic modeling for analysis of fluid saturation and formation resistivity alterations after drilling a well in a highly permeable reservoir. It contains Multi-Laterolog resistivity logging signal distribution diagrams for different time moment after well drilling. The wide time frame of the modeling (up to one month) has made it possible to determine characteristic time intervals, where the gravity force seriously affected the invaded-zone structure and the tool's measurements. The study has also revealed the conditions that result in incorrect interpretation of these measurements.
Tight Oil Field Development Optimization Based on Experience of Canadian Analogs
Authors: Karpov V. B. , Parshin N. V. , Sleptsov D. I. , Moiseenko A. A. , Ryazanov A. A. , Golovatskiy Y. A. , Petrashov O. V. , Zhirov A. V. , Kurelenkova Y. V. , Ishimov I. A. , Im P. T.
Published: October 2016

The paper presents a study of field development optimization of the large tight oil field in West Siberia. The field is at an early development stage and is characterized by low permeability (less than 1 mD). It is developed by horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing.

Analysis of available information about the field revealed the potential to improve field development efficiency. Field development analysis and optimization were carried out based on the experience of development of similar Canadian reservoirs. Two large fields were selected as analogues: Bakken ViewField and Pembina Cardium. The data on these fields is publicly available. These fields are developed during a long period of time enabling operating companies to learn from experience and use new knowledge and data to optimize completions systems and development strategies as a whole. Therefore it is possible to not only analyze the current field development stage, but also trace the evolution of approaches and assess, what benefits can be obtained from making various changes to the applied technologies and field development strategy. The positive experience of development of the Canadian fields formed the basis for the field development optimization options.

A set of suggested project decisions will enable improvement in field development efficiency and, in case of confirming by pilot projects, can be recommended for full-field implementation in the considered field and in the analogue fields.
Human Factors Management at Oil and Gas Assets: Increasing Personnel Risk Awareness Through Implementation of Safety Leadership Training Programs
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Bradbeer Andrew , McKenzie-Kerr Dr. Alastair
Published: October 2016

Creating a positive safety culture in the entire organization is the one of the key elements in successful Human Factors management. The main objective is to illustrate that Safety Leadership Training programs designed and facilitated based on the Accelerative Learning method, are a key tool to drive behavioural change towards obtaining a profound understanding of risks, with an ultimate aim to promote a positive safety culture and as consequence reduce the potential for human errors.

Human Factors refer to environmental, organizational and job factors as well as human and individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work in a way which can affect health and safety conditions. Even competent skilled professionals working with the best technology may make errors, demonstrate unsafe behaviours and take unacceptable risks. Taking these factors into consideration there is a need to create a strong safety culture in order to have a positive influence on people's behaviour. Safety culture can be significantly improved via leaders through support and coaching. Safety Leadership training is a tool to educate personnel, help improve the safety culture and reduce risks in the entire organization.

The Paper illustrates how the following factors influence people behaviour at work:

The job - Matching the job to the person will ensure the most effective contribution to the business results. Physical match includes the design of the whole workplace and working environment. Mental match involves the individual's information and decision-making requirements. Mismatches between job requirements and people's capabilities provide the potential for human error. The individual - Individual characteristics influence behaviour in complex and significant ways. Their effects on task performance may be negative and may not always be mitigated by job design. The organization - has the greatest influence on individual and group behaviour. Organizational safety culture should promote employee involvement and commitment. For example, if person A sees person B breaking a rule without consequences, then person A is more likely to break that rule.

Safety Leadership trainings that are delivered based on the Accelerated Learning Method improve the Safety culture in the organization and impact all the factors that influence people behaviour. This makes it an effective tool for personnel's engagement in safety, promotion of safety behaviour and reduction of the risk tolerability.
Real-Time Reservoir Characterization in Caspian Offshore Wells
Authors: Sadykov A. , El-Batawi A. , Akbayev B. , Dobrynin Y. , Kaipov Y.
Published: October 2016

The Caspian offshore is a perspective area for new hydrocarbon exploration projects. Being an environmental sensitive area it poses some constraints in terms of safety and duration of formation evaluation and testing campaign. This paper discuss the importance of real-time decision-making process during the formation evaluation on wireline and well testing operations for exploration wells drilled in Caspian Sea.

All wireline and well test acquisition data was transmitted in real-time to all the involved parties.. Field acquisition system was equipped with high-speed mobile satellite connection to provide seamless data transmission and two-way communication. Acquired data were encrypted and stored in secure server installed in Atyrau region.

Data from all sensors was visualized at the rig and the town. Specialized software was utilized to calculate well and tools diagnostic parameters and provide interpretation in real-time to improve the whole process that allowed to optimize operations and formation evaluation procedures.

This paper outlines experience and lessons learnt during the real-time formation evaluation and well testing in Caspian Offshore. Zhambyl Petroleum is the company in Caspian Offshore where the real-time philosophy has been successfully implemented.

During the exploration campaign in Caspian Sea the real-time decision-making process demonstrated that the real-time is not only about transmitting data, but also integrating multiple analysis and turning raw data into valuable knowledge during the test. It enables the information to be passed to the right people and allows for the critical decisions to be made in short time.

Thanks to the real-time enabled transmission, calculation, visualization, improved communication and collaboration between offshore and town resulted in fast analysis and interpretation of the data. Allowing fast decision-making process to optimize downhole pressure measurement, sampling, downhole fluid analysis and well test duration. Finally the real-time led to saving of the valuable rig time and ensured that all the objectives have been achieved before the rig demobilization.

The paper provided recommendations for future wells drilled in Caspian Sea taking into account lessons learnt from previous wells.
Data Quality Control for Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Authors: Kosnazarova Nurgul
Published: October 2016

With the modern geological and geophysical study maturity, the problem of the exploration and in-field exploration stages is based not only on the building of proper structural model of the field, but also on the prediction of reservoir properties by various methods of quantitative interpretation. This paper describes application of seismic inversion with the purpose of receiving reliable results about reservoir layers characterization and analysis of lithology. Loss or reduction in the quality of well and seismic data during the registration of curve, fieldwork and/or during processing, absence or bad quality of well logs lead to restriction of the usage of different seismic inversion algorithms. As a result, it is not always possible to obtain reliable quantitative prediction of reservoir properties.

Seismic inversion was realized on two oil and gas fields. For the inversion, different packages of well and seismic data are used. Well logging response from acoustic and density due to various technological and geologic-geophysical reasons is subject to noticeable distortion. In this regard, for more reliable results normalizing, correction and synthesis of curves have been carried out by different methods.

On the first field the executed complex of well logs has allowed to divide sedimentary section on reservoir and surrounding formations, however it was not possible to receive appropriate petrophysical model. Low coefficient ratio of seismic well tie (0, 52) did not allow to execute qualitative inversion.

On the second field as a result of simultaneous inversion with the use of logging data after correction the most positive prediction of reservoir properties is received. Corrected data are uniform and contains the smallest number of artifacts that provide the correct distribution of trend values of the decision.

The result of seismic inversion depends on the quality of input data. Therefore, as long as the proper attention is not paid to the quality of the recording instruments and seismic surveys, to the number and completeness of the necessary methods, especially important is to carry out data quality control for quantitative interpretation. Without use of reliable results of inversion transformations, it is impossible to predict reasonably and accurately reservoir properties of perspective objects and estimate their resources.
Tuning the Relative Permeability Curves to Successfully History Match the Multi-Component Compositional Model of an Oil-Gas-Condensate Field
Authors: Pokhilyuk Marina , Kazhykenkyzy Assiya , Tasmukhanova Gulnara
Published: October 2016

As is well known, fields containing great amount of condensate in gas phase are comparable to oil fields. Phase transformations of formation fluid makes the main influence on the oil, gas and condensate field development process, and consequently on condensate and oil recovery. The paper focuses on solution to one of the problems encountered in history matching process of oil, gas and condensate reservoir with oil rim concerning quantitative description of the multiphase fluid.

Along with complex fluid model, varying formation fluid composition with depth, transforming from gaseous phase into liquid phase, high amount of condensate in formation gas, geological framework etc., relative permeability curves are an overriding concern in modelling of gas displacement from oil rim and oil displacement from gas saturated formations.

On the basis of the history matching results in general and the maximum possible oil, gas and condensate rate matching, every well was analyzed individually. History matching was achieved by matching oil rate in wells producing from oil rim, partially gas, and by matching gas rate in wells producing from gas-saturated units.

The main challenge of history matching process was misfit between simulated parameters of gas wells, in particular C5+ fractions because of incorrect distribution of gas saturation and modelling of C5+ fractions as an oil phase. In the model with increase of gas production, the C5+ production increased as well, while according to historical data condensate-gas ratio was decreasing.

The shapes of gas-oil relative permeability curves without changing their critical parameters were adapted while history matching of gas ratio (in oil wells) and condensate-gas ratio (in gas wells).

That is one possible way of history matching of simulated model of a complex oil, gas and condensate field with an oil rim.

As a result of comprehensive efforts, including the adaptation of relative permeability curves, the simulated model was history matched within 3% error in oil production and less than 1% error in gas production.
The Evaluation of Karst in the Non-Matrix Model of Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Abishev Daniyar , Kassenov Akzhan
Published: October 2016

Karst is developed by the dissolution of soluble rock caused by an active fluid flow. It significantly increases the porosity and permeability compared to the matrix system. Active flowing along the top, bottom and edges of the lenses near the coastline leads to the formation of pores of meters scale because of the dissolution of the rocks. All this must be considered when constructing a geological model for further effective development of the field. A new approach in karst extraction and modeling is implemented using factor analysis.

The first stage consists of a selection of large karst geobodies using seismic data. Inversion seismic volume (an inversion for acoustic impedance) is used for the extraction of geobodies. In addition, a variety of seismic volume attributes is used to extract karst geobodies, and then a resampling of these seismic attributes is done. After that synthetic logs for all wells with non-matrix properties on the attribute parameters were obtained. Geobody extraction followed by its export to the properties of the geological model is carried out.

The second stage includes the extraction of karst using well data, such as core, well logs, mud losses intervals and CHCD (closed hole circulation drilling). Then factor analysis is used to examine the link between the values of different variables and determine the best correlation between the parameters and groups. Based on these data karst flags on wells are generated.

As a result, generated discrete karst log is scaled up and distributed throughout the geological model using a 3D trend of geobodies property in Petrel software. The percentage of karst in geobody is based on well data. The size and distribution of karst are based on field analogues and published materials on outcrops analogues. Porosity logs within karst intervals are created and distributed in the 3D model using a stochastic algorithm.

Own methodology of karst model construction is presented, especially new approach in karst extraction and modeling is applied using multivariate statistical analysis - factor analysis. Factor analysis is multivariate method applied to study the link between the values of variables. It is assumed that the known variables depend on fewer unknown variables and random errors. The implemented mathematical apparatus is confirmed with real data on the well.
Overview of Depositional and Diagenetic Impacts on Reservoir Characterization, Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Yakhiyayev Nursultan , Cozzi Mauro , Jenkins Steve
Published: October 2016

Karachaganak Field is a giant gas-condensate reservoir located in north-western Kazakhstan. The reservoir is composed of an isolated carbonate build-up of Carboniferous - Early Permian age, located on the northern edge of the Pri-Caspian Basin.

The reservoir is overlain by three thick salt domes which were formed by the movement of an evaporitic sequence deposited at the end of Early-Permian. This salt tectonics has locally affected the seismic image of the reservoir and consequently makes seismic interpretation challenging. A high fold and wide-azimuth 3D seismic volume has been acquired over Karachaganak. Preliminary migrations of this new seismic volume have improved resolution of the reservoir geometry and facies.

The Karachaganak carbonate reservoir is characterized by both slope and platform depositional systems, and the reservoir has undergone significant diagenetic alteration. Diagenesis has altered the original depositional rock fabric, pore and pore throat geometry. Critical reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability and irreducible water saturation at Karachaganak are influenced by of both depositional and diagenetic processes. The degree of diagenetic alteration of Karachaganak is greater than some other analogous carbonate reservoirs in the Pri-Caspian basin.

This paper discusses the current reservoir model for the post-Tula Carboniferous deposits, which is based on a synthesis of understanding of the depositional and diagenetic processes at Karachaganak. The current reservoir model incorporates the results from recently drilled wells, recent interpretations of 3D seismic data and well tests. The resulting dynamic model has a good history match to observed well performance, and provides a basis for field development decisions.

Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO) joint-venture is conducting additional studies of the field deposition and diagenesis to provide new insights into the complex geological history of the field to improve reservoir characterization and reservoir management activities.
Characterization of Gas Reinjection at Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Kassenov Alibek , Kaliyev Bakytzhan
Published: October 2016

Karachaganak field is one of the largest accumulations of gas-condensate in the world. The field has been in production since 1985. Current development is focused on the oil rim and a gas injection programme has been implemented since 2004 using associated gas to support reservoir pressure.

The internal architecture of the Carboniferous reservoir is complex. Following deposition of the Tula shale the reservoir is characterised by an initial development of aggrading mounds followed by a progradation phase. During the Serpuhkovian, a prograding clinoform boundstone geometry is the lateral equivalent of a shallow cyclic platform dominated by grainy sediments. A more confined steep sided pinnacle complex follows as the last stage of the carbonate platform evolution.

Several environments of deposition are recognised in Karachaganak, including boundstone facies mainly deposited during the aggradation phase of the platform evolution, and the overlying cyclic platform. The target of the injectors wells is the cyclic platform, characterised by the deposition of tidal cycles which generally act as pressure baffle and lead to a high anisotropy in reservoir permeability.

The paper focuses on the geological and dynamic review of the gas Injection with the aim of improving the knowledge on gas movement and the reservoir models/predictions, and of optimizing the field development.
Pendidikan Kristiani sebagai Instrumen Penyadaran Pentingnya Pertumbuhan Spiritualitas dalam Konteks Budaya Populer
Authors: Siahaan Daniel Syafaat
Published: October 2016

This article is written based on my observation and experience, who "sucked"� into populer culture. People inevitably will always "sucked"� into the black hole of culture. In popular culture, people are considered to be humans if only they satisfy their libido. So, popular culture can blurring self identity in the society, because communal similarity is preferred. Self identity formed from communal understanding of popular culture concept and force� someone to follow it. Therefore, the challenge of popular culture to spirituality is very obvious because it concerns a person identity. Spirituality always departs from the inside to the outside. While the phenomenon of popular culture, the meaning is controlled by the community and adapted into self. This article written to realizing the importance of spiritual growth in the context of popular culture, which can be done firstly through Christian Education.
Intercostal Nerve Blocks Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
Authors: Hofer Ryan , Rosenberg Casandra , Niesen Adam , Amundson Adam , Eldrige Jason
Published: October 2016

A 51‐year‐old male was admitted to the intensive care unit following a cardiac arrest during which he received chest compressions and suffered rib fractures. The patient's condition subsequently improved and tracheal extubation was eventually planned. However, he was unable to tolerate spontaneous breathing trials due to pain from his rib fractures. Systemic analgesia provided either insufficient pain control or over‐sedation. Neuraxial techniques were contraindicated as he was receiving systemic anticoagulation and antiplatelet medications. Intercostal nerve blocks with liposomal bupivacaine were performed under ultrasound guidance without complications. Approximately six hours after the injections, the patients trachea was successfully extubated with no further need for respiratory support through to discharge. In appropriately selected patients, intercostal nerve blocks with liposomal bupivacaine can adequately treat pain from rib fractures and improve respiratory mechanics.
Mediastinitis secondary to use of LMA Supreme and gastric tube insertion
Authors: Lee Yeeshay , Soon Yuen , Tan Chee Keat
Published: October 2016

We present a case of a piriform fossa tear leading to mediastinitis associated with use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme™ and gastric tube insertion during elective orthopaedic surgery.
Uvular necrosis in an adolescent following general anaesthesia in the prone position
Authors: Smith Zoe , Lobo Shirley
Published: October 2016

Uvular necrosis is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of general anaesthesia involving endotracheal intubation. The proposed mechanism is mechanical disruption of uvular blood supply resulting in ischaemia and subsequent necrosis. This is typically a consequence of impingement of the uvula against a midline tracheal tube and the hard palate. Vigorous suctioning, multiple pharyngeal tubes and patient positioning have also been implicated. We present the case of a 13‐yr‐old girl who suffered uvular necrosis following a procedure performed in the prone position. The patient was reassured and managed conservatively. As in previous cases, after two weeks she made a full recovery following separation of the necrosed portion of her uvula. In the paediatric population, due to the relatively smaller oropharyngeal space, particular vigilance should be maintained during airway instrumentation, patient positioning, and placement of pharyngeal tubes in order to minimise the risk of uvular trauma.
How to calculate median Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A values to predict preeclampsia? Do We Need a Newer Formula?
Authors: Karamustafaoğlu Balcı Burçin , Kalelioğlu İbrahim Halil , Kılıç Yusuf , Has Recep , Ömer Beyhan
Published: October 2016

Objective: Preeclampsia is one of the major issues in maternal–fetal medicine. Early risk stratification may be beneficial, so is the aim of several researches. Our goal is to investigate whether PAPP-A MoM calculated for first trimester Down's syndrome screening or MoM calculated according to Ong’s formula can be used to predict the risk of preeclampsia or do we need another method to calculate PAPP-A MoM derived from non preeclamptic cases. Study Design: For this retrospective study, data of randomly selected 150 singleton pregnant women who did not develop preeclampsia are used to create a formula to calculate median value of PAPP-A. PAPP-A values of this subgroup are plotted against gestational age and curve fit analysis is done to determine best fitted regression line to get a formula to calculate median value of our cases. PAPP-A MoM values are calculated for each subject according to Ong’s formula and our formula. We already had MoM values derived from first trimester screening. ROC curve and Delong’s pairwise comparison analyses are used to investigate which MoM value is more predictive for preeclampsia.Results: Although the area under curve value of MoM values derived from this study was the highest, DeLong’s pairwise comparison analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the three curves. Conclusion: PAPP-A MoM calculation specific to preeclampsia does not seem to be necessary; PAPP-A MoM obtained from first trimester aneuploidy scan can be used to predict preeclampsia.
The Phenomenon of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Serang Banten Typical Pottery Crafts in Bali
Authors: Mudra I Wayan , Sunarini Ni Made Rai
Published: October 2016

In the globalization era, Bali became the trade center at many crafts products from various regions in Indonesia, was included pottery products trading. The pottery products recently from outside Bali that was marketed in Bali, the production itself was done outside of Bali, merely the distribution and consumption in Bali, for instance, Lombok pottery, Kasongan Yogyakarta, Jepara of Central Java, West Java, and Serang Banten and others. The last few years, there was something different i.e. a typical pottery of Serang Banten, West Java, which was originally produced in West Java, is now produced in Bali, consequently, the distribution process from West Java to Bali was stopped. The research was intended to determine the factors that encourage the production, distribution, and consumption the craft of typical pottery Serang Banten in Bali. The research approached applied a qualitative method, based on the deconstruction and an ideology of capitalism theories. The research location was conducted at Denpasar Bali in 2015-2016. The technique of collecting the data included observation, interviewed, and documentation. The data source was determined by using purposive and snowball sampling. The results of the study were some factors that encouraged the production, distribution, and consumption of pottery Serang Banten in Bali was to avoid the loss of the transportation process; provided maximum services to consumers; Serang Banten pottery has a unique and potential marketing opportunities.
Figurative Expressions in the Short Story of ‘Sepotong Tubuh’ and their Translation into English
Authors: Yulianti Ni Ketut Dewi , Yadnya Ida Bagus Putra
Published: October 2016

This paper is a descriptive translation study focusing on the types of figurative expressions used in the short story of ‘Sepotong Tubuh’ and how they are translated into English in the short story of ‘Body’. The study departs from a paradigm that looks upon the translation of the short story as a product and tries to analyze the theme of the short story in both the source and the target language texts since theme is the motivating force of any literary works. Understanding the theme will lead to the understanding of the figurative expressions used in the short story as the use of figurative expressions is motivated by the theme of the short story. Theoretically, the study is an eclectic one based on the theories concerning strategies for translating figurative expression proposed by Larson and the theory of translation proposed by Nida and Taber. This paper is expected in the first place to provide some insights for those who are interested in translation studies especially figurative expressions and in the second place to be beneficial for translation practices.
Taurine improves lambda cyhalothrin induced biochemical alterations in Wistar rat liver
Authors: Ghosh Rini , Das Tuhina , Paramanik Anurag , Choudhury* Sujata Maiti
Published: October 2016

Taurine is a major intracellular free β-amino acid, which can protect the body against toxicity. Lambda-cyhalothrin, a third-generation type II pyrethroid. is used predominantly in agriculture production and animal husbandry. The aim of the present study was to investigate lambda cyhalothrin-induced biochemical changes in rat liver and to search out the possible role of taurine for the attenuation of hepatotoxic biomarkers.  Male rats were randomly divided into six groups and lambda cyhalothrin was orally administered at two dose levels (10.83mg/body wt., 15.17mg/body wt.) alone and in combination with taurine pretreatment (50mg/kg body wt) for 14 consecutive days. A significant change in blood glucose level with a marked decline in glycogen content were indicated the hepatic dysfunction in lambda cyhalothrin treated rats. This was also confirmed by the altered activities of serum hepatic biomarker enzymes and lipid profiles in LCT intoxicated rats. Pre-treatment of taurine mitigated the abnormalities. These findings pointed out the toxic effect of lambda cyhalothrin in rat liver and also revealed the protective action of taurine against this pyrethroid.
Major tea processing practices in India.
Authors: Sarkar Satyajit , Chowdhury Anurag , Das Sanjay , Chakraborty Bhaskar , Mandal Palash , Chowdhury* Monoranjan
Published: October 2016

Tea is the most popular beverage in the world and is the economical backbones of some countries like India, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka etc. Indian tea is very much popular among the world, specially Darjeeling tea which is famous for its flavour and taste. Among the various types of tea, orthodox tea is highly demandable for its quality. The present paper deals with various types of tea processing in India. Mainly three types of tea processing are practices in India. Among these, CTC tea processing is more common in Indian sub-continent followed by Green tea and Orthodox tea. In this paper, details manufacturing process and step wise pictorial viewed are presented. All the data are extracted from different world famous tea gardens of Darjeeling, terai and duars of Northern West Bengal.
Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata (roxb.) Nicolson
Authors: Allayie Sartaj Ahmad , Parray* Mushtaq Ahmed , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Hemalatha S.
Published: October 2016

The use of traditional medicines holds a great promise as an easily available source as effective medicinal agents to cure a wide range of ailments among the people particularly in tropical developing countries like India. The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of N. crenulata leaf extracts. The extractive values of aqueous, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be 11.34, 4.24 and 6.06 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these three solvent extracts confirm the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds in all the three extracts; however, these phytochemicals were more significant in aqueous extract. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC method by different solvent system. Amongst various solvent systems, Butanol: acetic acid: water (9: 0.9: 0.1 v/v/v) shows maximum resolution and number of spots produced at long UV (365 nm) and under iodine vapours. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. This indicates that the leaves can be useful for treating different diseases because the therapeutic activity of a plant is due to the presence of particular class of compounds and thus can serve as potential sources of useful drugs in future.
Comparison between pamphlets and SMS on patterns of breakfast and between meal based on the health belief model among girl students of high schools in Sheiban city during academic year 2015-2016
Authors: H. Moradi S. , B.* Karami K. , G.H. Shakeri Nejad , A. Saki Malehi
Published: October 2016

Nutrition has a direct role in creating, maintaining and improving of health. Breakfast is considered as one of the main meals and snacks as a major part of energy and nutrients supplier for children. This study aim to comparison between pamphlets and SMS instruction on breakfast and snack food consumption pattern based on the Health Belief Model among girls in high schools of Sheiban City. This intervention study involved three groups that were conducted by the two intervention groups and a control group among 300 female high school students. To determine the samples, three schools of girls and from each school 100 students were selected using random sampling method. The tools of data collection was a questionnaire which validated by a panel of experts and test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha calculation. Educational intervention was distribution of pamphlets and texting to the pamphlet and SMS groups, respectively. The statistical analysis of variance and covariance of collected data were performed by SPSS software version 22. The results were significant at level of P≤0.05. Comparing the two control and tested groups showed that mean score of Health Belief Model (susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action) as well as breakfast and snack food consumption behavior scores of students significantly increased after the educational intervention in the intervention group compared to the control, but the education effects in both groups were similar. Education based on Health Belief Model by SMS and pamphlets was effective on breakfast and snack consumption behavior. There was no significant difference between educational effects of two methods.
The Future of Data Management Planning: Tools, Policies, and Players
Authors: Simms Stephanie , Strong Marisa , Jones Sarah , Ribeiro Marta
Published: October 2016

DMPonline and the DMPTool are well-established tools for data management planning. As the software of each matures and the user communities grow, we turn our attention to issues of sustainability, culture change, and international collaboration. Here we outline strategies for addressing these issues. We propose to build a new, global framework for data management planning that links plans to researchers, funders, publications, data, and other components of the research lifecycle. By refocusing our efforts from promoting the creation of data management plans (DMPs) to comply with funder requirements to supporting the creation of good DMPs that can be implemented, we seek to further enable the open scholarship revolution, advancing science and society.
Caracterización de isopodos terrestres (Crustacea: Isopoda) y su impacto en cultivos hortícolas de Boyacá
Authors: Martínez O. John Wilson , Pérez C. Diego Fernando , Espíndola Carmen Cecilia
Published: October 2016

Las “cochinillas de humedad” (Crustacea: isopoda), han ido surgiendo como organismos plaga de importancia en agricultura, en países como Brasil y Argentina, en donde causan daños en soya, girasol y pastos. Recientemente se han detectado en Boyacá, afectando cebolla de bulbo, frijol y frutales. Por lo anterior, fué necesario iniciar la caracterización de las especies presentes y la determinación de su impacto en la producción hortícola en algunos municipios de esta región. Se realizó muestreos en Paipa, Tibasosa, Nobsa y Santa Rosa de Viterbo, para determinar la presencia y diversidad de especies de “cochinilla de humedad”; así como, una encuesta para establecer la percepción que tenían los agricultores del daño de estos crustáceos y las estrategias de manejo empleadas. Se evaluaron 8 veredas en Paipa, 7 en Nobsa, 3 en Tibasosa y 1 en Santa Rosa de Viterbo. Se comprobó la presencia de “cochinillas de humedad” en cultivos de frutales, hortalizas y otros, en los municipios muestreados. Se identificaron las especies: Porcellios caber, Porcellio dilatatus, Porcellio pruinosus, Armadillidium vulgare y Armadillidium nasatum. El daño por estos organismos se evidenció en lechuga, brócoli, repollo, remolacha, espinaca, cebolla, cilantro, durazno, frijol, fresa, maíz y papa, especialmente en semillero. El daño observado fué mordedura en hojas (50%), raíz (32,35%), tallo (20,85%) y ramas (2,94%). Se percibió falta de conocimiento de los agricultores en el manejo de las “cochinillas de humedad”, utilizándose insecticidas en un 79,41% de los casos, un manejo orgánico en 2,99% y ningún manejo en el 5,88%.
Derechos de propiedad y ley de semillas: distorsiones y regulaciones, caso Argentino
Authors: Cerquera L. Oscar Hernán
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se discuten los derechos de propiedad y la ley de semillas que se intenta implementar en la Argentina durante el presente año. Desde hace más de cuatro décadas, la regulación de las semillas ha sido un tema de controversia, pues hasta la fecha no hay una legislación clara que establezca los derechos y deberes tanto de los productores como de los obtentores. Debido a esto, en la primera parte del documento se analizaron los mecanismos actuales de derechos de propiedad y sus principales problemas. En la segunda parte, se discuten los pro y contra del nuevo proyectos de Ley sobre Semillas, que busca modificar la legislación actual. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se examina alternativa de que semilleros y productores encuentren su propia regulación vía acuerdos privados, que consecuencias y beneficios trae esto para el sector, básicamente se analiza la propuesta de la compañía Monsanto Argentina S.A.I.C.
Fenomeno de la niña: impacto en la producción de uchuva en Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Villarreal N. Andrea , Aguirre R. William , Hoyos C. Liliana
Published: October 2016

En Colombia ciclo hidrológico normal o histórico es interrumpido por dos fenómenos atípicos cíclicos, la fase cálida de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) y la fase fría, conocida como La Niña, que se caracteriza principalmente por la lluvia aguda y abundante y el aumento de circulación de los ríos y las inundaciones posteriores. La fase inversa ENSO, temporada 2010-2011, fue la más catastrófica de los últimos 40 años en el país, dejando cuantiosas pérdidas en la infraestructura, producción, además de generar una situación de emergencia o desastre para las poblaciones humanas. En el contexto agrícola, el análisis del segundo producto de las exportaciones agrícolas no tradicionales, la uchuva (Physalis peruviana), muestra cómo el departamento de Cundinamarca, que era el principal productor en el país, cayó al tercer lugar por la convergencia de los fenómenos climáticos, problemas fitosanitarios y los bajos precios del mercado de la fruta, modificando el mapa de las regiones productoras en Colombia , exponiendo la fragilidad de la producción de fruta en el país y especialmente en Cundinamarca, en virtud de los fenómenos meteorológicos inusuales.
Estudio de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) en tres localidades de Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Preciado Ariel Fernando , Martínez Jhon Wilson
Published: October 2016

Se analizó la composición y abundancia de isopodos terrestres, mediante colecta directa, en tres localidades del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia; Tinjacá, Tibasosa y Tota. Se identificaron cinco especies distribuidas en dos familias para un total de 2516 individuos colec tados, de los cuales se registraron por la primera vez en Boyacá las espeicies; Porcellio dilatatus (Brandt), Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt), Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) y Armadillidium nasatum (Budde-Lund). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a: número de individuos, localidad y especies presentes. La mayor abundancia y riqueza se encontró en el municipio de Tibasosa. El mircrohábitat con mayor predominancia de los isópodos muestreadosfue el denominado plateo o suelo circundante a las plantas. La especie más abundante fue P. scaber y la especie más común fue A. vulgare. Las variables ambientales evaluadas no se relacionaron con el número de individuos colectados
Evaluación de genotipos mejorados de frijol negro Phaseolus vulgaris en Barinas y Monagas, Venezuela
Authors: A. Águeda Duran , Lambert G. Tania , Velázquez F. Roberto
Published: October 2016

La investigación se desarrolló en la finca la Alborada, sector Mamon Mamonal, municipio Rojas, en Barinas y finca La Ceiba, sector Aparicio, municipio Piar, estado Monagas en época seca en el período comprendido entre noviembre, 2011 y febrero, 2012, sobre suelos Inceptisoles y Entisoles respectivamente.El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta agroproductiva de siete genotipos de frijol negro:SA 029, Línea 13, Minita, Balina, Sesentera, Silvinera y la variedad comercial Tacarigua. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con arreglo bifactorial, los factores fueron la localidad y los genotipos, con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, distribuidos en 28 parcelas con un área total del experimento de 554,8 m2. El marco de siembra fue de 0,60 x 0,07 m para un total 13200 plantas totales. Se evaluaron la altura de la planta (cm), número de vainas por planta, número de semillas por vaina, peso de 100 semillas (g) y el rendimiento (t.ha-1). Los rendimientos en el estado de Barinas fueron superiores para las variedades Balina con 1,10 t/ha y Tacarigua con 1,06 t/ha y en estado de Monagas, la Línea 13 con 1,92 t/ha, seguida de la Tacarigua con 1,68 t. ha-1 y Silvinera con 1,65 t.ha-1. El efecto económico para todas las variedades por localidad y entre ambas fue satisfactorio.
Modelos de decisiones en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas de Nariño
Authors: Muñoz G. Diego Andrés , Navia E. Jorge Fernando , Moreno Beto
Published: October 2016

Las decisiones de los agricultores en sus fincas, influyen directa o indirectamente sobre la cobertura arbórea que afectan su estructura, densidad y composición. El presente estudio se desarrolló en los municipios de Guachucal y Cumbal, departamento de Nariño, Colombia con el propósito de identificar los criterios y decisiones claves que toman los agricultores, en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas productoras de leche. Las decisiones, fueron modeladas y simuladas en el programa Netica 2.6. Con las respuestas obtenidas se diseñaron modelos generales de decisión, donde se obtuvo cuatro eventos principales y de mayor influencia en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea, 1) evento poda, 2) evento control de maleza, 3) evento siembra de árboles y 4) evento aprovechamiento de árboles. Las frecuencias, permitieron estimar la probabilidad de cada decisión e influencia de las variables con respecto a los eventos para su modelación y simulación. Además, para profundizar sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones se plantearon escenarios relacionados con las condiciones agroecológicas de la finca, el manejo de la unidad productiva y el entorno en el que opera la finca. Así mismo se analizaron las principales limitantes para el manejo y establecimiento de la cobertura arbórea. El evento de mayor importancia para el manejo de la cobertura arbórea es la poda, debido a su valor en la obtención de leña como combustible, este factor influye en la zona para que las cobertura arbóreas se incrementen como cercas vivas.