bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handwritten Character Recognition using Deep Learning Algorithm with Machine Learning Classifier
Authors: Liman Muhamad Arief , Josef Antonio , Kusuma Gede Putra
Published: March 2024

Handwritten character recognition is a problem that has been worked on for many mainstream languages. Handwritten letter recognition has been proven to achieve promising results. Several studies using deep learning models have been conducted to achieve better accuracies. In this paper, the authors conducted two experiments on the EMNIST Letters dataset: Wavemix-Lite and CoAtNet. The Wavemix-Lite model uses Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform Level 1 to reduce the parameters and speed up the runtime. The CoAtNet is a combined model of CNN and Visual Transformer where the image is broken down into fixed-size patches. The feature extraction part of the model is used to embed the input image into a feature vector. From those two models, the authors hooked the value of the features of the Global Average Pool layer using EMNIST Letters data. The features hooked from the training results of the two models, such as SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost models, were used to train the machine learning classifier. The experiments conducted by the authors show that the best machine-learning model is the Random Forest, with 96.03% accuracy using the Wavemix-Lite model and 97.90% accuracy using the CoAtNet model. These results showcased the benefit of using a machine learning model for classifying image features that are extracted using a deep learning model.
Batik Classification using Microstructure Co-occurrence Histogram
Authors: Minarno Agus Eko , Soesanti Indah , Nugroho Hanung Adi
Published: March 2024

Batik Nitik is a distinctive form of batik originating from the culturally rich region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. What sets it apart from other batik styles is its remarkable motif similarity, a characteristic that often poses a considerable challenge when attempting to distinguish one design from another. To address this challenge, extensive research has been conducted with the primary objective of classifying Batik Nitik, and this research leverages an innovative approach combining the microstructure histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) techniques, collectively referred to as the Microstructure Co-occurrence Histogram (MCH).The MCH method offers a multi-faceted approach to feature extraction, simultaneously capturing color, texture, and shape attributes, thereby generating a set of local features that faithfully represent the intricate details found in Batik Nitik imagery. In parallel, the GLCM method excels at extracting robust texture features by employing statistical measures to portray the subtle nuances within these batik patterns. Nevertheless, the mere fusion of microstructure and GLCM features doesn't inherently guarantee superior classification performance. This research paper has meticulously examined many feature fusion scenarios between microstructure and GLCM to pinpoint the optimal configuration that would yield the most accurate results. The dataset used consists of 960 Batik Nitik samples, comprising 60 categories. The classifiers employed in this study are K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Based on the experimental results, the fusion of microstructure and GLCM features with the (LDA) classifier yields the best performance compared to other scenarios and classifiers.
Mechanical Properties of Nano SiC Reinforced Aluminum 7075-T6 Produced by Warm Powder Compaction using an Inert Gas
Authors: Majzoobi GH , Torkeman T
Published: March 2024

The micron-sized Al7075powder reinforced with nano-sized SiC particles is compacted at 4000C in an inert atmosphere using Nitrogen. It is shown that this technique can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the compacted powder characterized by measuring hardness, stress-strain curves and density. The maximum relative density was %98.8 and obtained for 2.3 GPa pressure and 0%SiC content. The minimum density was %93.95 and was obtained for 10%SiC content and 1.3 GPa pressure. The degree of porosity and the number and size of the void decreased as the compaction pressure increased and increased with the increase of SiC volume fraction. The maximum increase in ultimate strength was about 72% and occurred for the 5%SiC content and the 1.3 GPa compaction pressure. For 10%SiC volume fraction the strength improved by 53% for 2.6 GPa pressure. The effect of SiC content on ultimate strength was significantly higher than that of the compaction pressure. The maximum increase in Vickers hardness of the compacts was 100% and obtained for the samples with 10%SiC volume fraction and compacted at 2.6 GPa pressure. Again, the effect of SiC volume fraction on hardness improvement was found to be remarkably greater than that of compaction pressure.
Machine learning-based model for fatigue behavior analysis of plasma nitrided AISI 304 steel
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Unal Okan
Published: March 2024

Surface treatments play critical role in fatigue behavior improvement of metals. In this study, a machine learning-based model was employed to analyze the effects of plasma nitriding as a thermal surface treatment on improving the fatigue behavior of AISI 304 steel. Experimental data, encompassing various plasma nitriding and fatigue loading conditions, were utilized to train different types of artificial neural networks including shallow neural networks and deep neural networks. The inputs to the model were the process parameters of plasma nitriding, including time and temperature, along with the stress amplitude in the fatigue test. The output parameter was the fatigue life. The findings demonstrated that employing deep neural networks led to higher accuracy in the predictions. Furthermore, the obtained results of conducted parametric analyses indicated that the optimal temperature range for achieving the highest fatigue performance lies between approximately 450-550 °C for more than 4 h.
High-cycle fatigue behavior and chemical composition empirical relationship of low carbon three-sheet spot-welded joint: An application in automotive industry
Authors: Reza Kashyzadeh Prof. Kazem
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the authors have attempted to provide an empirical relationship between the fatigue behavior of three-sheet spot-welded joint and the chemical composition of low carbon steel. To this end, the application of this joint in the automotive industry was considered and laboratory samples were prepared based on the actual specifications in the industry, including the raw material (i.e., material and thickness of the primary sheets), the resistance spot welding (RSW) process parameters, and other factors. The results of tensile and quantometric tests along with microscopic observations were utilized to evaluate the raw material and to study the compliance of the steel grade with the required standards. Next, axial cyclic test was performed in order to extract the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of three-sheet spot-welded joint. Finally, a relationship between the number of cycles to failure of the spot-welded joint, repetitive load level, and the percentage of constituent elements was presented by multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. The results showed that the greatest effect of the constituent elements is when we are in the regime of low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and by moving towards the HCF regime, its importance decreases until it becomes almost ineffective in the very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) area. In addition, the presented relationship is able to predict the fatigue behavior of three-sheet spot-welded joint via the chemical composition of the primary sheet and the cyclic force with a maximum error of 13.8% compared to the experimental results.
The Role of Taxation in Kosovo's Economic Development
Authors: Nimani Artan
Published: March 2024

In pursuit of economic stability and political harmony, national governments employ diverse strategies to promote prosperity. Kosovo, facing sluggish economic growth and fiscal constraints, grapples with the formidable task of fostering economic development amidst persistently high unemployment rates. Addressing this challenge requires comprehensive reforms across various sectors of the economy to facilitate the creation of stable employment opportunities. This paper investigates the efficacy of fiscal policy in mitigating unemployment, spurring investment, and stimulating consumption to bolster sustainable economic expansion. Through an analysis of fiscal measures and their impact on key economic indicators, this study seeks to offer insights into strategies for achieving robust and inclusive growth in Kosovo.
Role-play activities to foster speaking skills in the teaching of English at Cienfuegos University Languages Center
Authors: Heredia-Gómez Lázaro Adel
Published: March 2024

The students in our classes are unique in their personalities, cultural experiences and values. If we are to be successful in leading our students through the task of learning, we must provide a variety of learning approaches so that these differences can be recognized and provided for in every classroom. While teaching a course to a group of workers from Palmares Hotel Group company, it was necessary to present the contents in a way they could actually acquire the knowledge they needed to carry out their labor successfully. The group was formed by a wide variety of employees both in terms of age and occupation within the company and it included animal trainers, security guards, janitors and office personnel that were supposed to use the foreign language to an elementary level. Taking into account these characteristics, a set of activities was designed in order to make them more appealing to the students and closer to their working needs. The results were positive regarding language acquisition and the satisfaction of all participants involved.
Keywords:
Role- play, elementary level, learning, foreign language.
                                                                                                                            
RESUMEN
Los alumnos en nuestras aulas son únicos en sus personalidades, experiencias culturales y valores. Si queremos tener éxito en guiar a nuestros estudiantes en su aprendizaje, tenemos que asegurarles una gama de enfoques para que estas diferencias puedan reconocerse y atenderse en cada aula. Durante la impartición de un curso de inglés a un grupo de trabajadores del Grupo Hotelero Palmares, fue necesario presentar los contenidos de forma que pudieran realmente adquirir el conocimiento que necesitaban para enfrentar su labor de forma satisfactoria. El grupo estaba conformado una amplia variedad de empleados tanto en términos de edad como de ocupación e incluía entrenadores de animales marinos, guardias de seguridad, conserjes y personal de oficina que debía usar el idioma extranjero a un nivel elemental. Tomando en consideración estas características, se diseñó un grupo de actividades de juego de roles que les resultara atrayente y más cercana a sus necesidades laborales. Los resultados fueron positivos tanto en términos de adquisición idiomática como en el nivel de satisfacción de todos los implicados.
Palabras clave:
Juego de roles, nivel elemental, aprendizaje, lengua extranjera.
Tendencias actuales del proceso de desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de las carreras de Ciencias Médicas en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Quintana-Santiago Yaan Manuel , León-González Jorge Luis
Published: March 2024

El artículo analiza las tendencias actuales del proceso de desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de las carreras de Ciencias Médicas en América Latina y el Caribe; a partir de deficiencias detectadas en la Universidad de Las Américas en Quito, Ecuador. Para ello se siguió el método comparativo para desarrollar analogías, contrastar fuentes y establecer semejanzas y diferencias entre los diferentes sistemas educativos estudiados a partir de cuatro etapas: descriptiva, interpretativa, yuxtaposición y comparación. En el estudio se obtiene como resultado que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, es el método más importante para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes. A lo que se une la necesidad de la vinculación de los estudiantes a la práctica médica, y que se aprenda investigando. Las tendencias determinadas constituyen ideas rectoras para orientar el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en las carreras de ciencias médicas de la Universidad de Las Américas, en Quito, Ecuador para hacer más eficiente el desempeño profesional de los futuros egresados.
Palabras clave:
Habilidades investigativas, desempeño profesional, sistemas educativos, método comparativo.
 
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes current trends in the process of developing research skills in students of Medical Sciences careers in Latin America and the Caribbean; based on deficiencies detected at the University of the Americas in Quito, Ecuador. For this, the comparative method was followed to develop analogies, contrast sources and establish similarities and differences between the different educational systems studied from four stages: descriptive, interpretive, juxtaposition and comparison. In the study, it is obtained as a result that Problem-Based Learning is the most important method for the development of investigative skills in students. To which is added the need to link students to medical practice, and to learn by doing research. The determined trends constitute guiding ideas to guide the teaching-learning process in the medical sciences careers of the Universidad de Las Américas, in Quito, Ecuador, to make the professional performance of future graduates more efficient.
Keywords:
Research skills, professional performance, educational systems, comparative method.
Experiencia de estudiantes de un grupo científico en la divulgación de resultados en publicaciones científicas
Authors: Garcés-Castillo Wilder , Pacheco-Jiménez Zaimara , Gutiérrez-Vázquez Manuel , Fuentes-Miranda Oniel , Cuadra-Tamayo Aleixi , Vargas-Batis Belyani
Published: March 2024

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo valorar la experiencia de los estudiantes del grupo científico de gestión ambiental de ecosistemas agrícolas en la divulgación de resultados en publicaciones científicas y su impacto en la formación del profesional. Se aplicó una entrevista a los estudiantes miembros de este grupo científico y la evidencia de los resultados alcanzados se obtuvo a partir de los documentos bases del grupo y de las bases de datos en la cual están indizadas las revistas donde publican. Se evidenció la publicación de un total de 36 artículos científicos en el formato de artículo original o extenso fundamentalmente, que reciben cobertura por prestigiosas bases de datos donde destacan DOAJ, REDALYC, LATINDEX y SciELO. Estos estudiantes mantienen una destacada participación en el colectivo de autores de publicaciones científicas, aunque en los últimos años del período que se analiza, la tendencia a fungir como primeros autores aumentó. El número de lecturas y citas se considera aceptable y la mayor cantidad de materiales publicados responden a la temática de Gestión Ambiental de la Agricultura Suburbana y Familiar. El desarrollo de publicaciones ha tenido un impacto satisfactorio en la formación profesional y de valores ambientales en los estudiantes miembros del grupo.
Palabras clave:
Divulgación científica, formación profesional, publicaciones científicas.
 
ABSTRACT
The objective of the work was to assess the experience of the students of the scientific group of environmental management of agricultural ecosystems in the dissemination of results in scientific publications and their impact on professional training. An interview was applied to the student members of this scientific group and the evidence of the results achieved was obtained from the base documents of the group and from the databases in which the journals where they publish are indexed. The publication of a total of 36 scientific articles was evidenced in the original or extensive article format, fundamentally, which is covered by prestigious databases where DOAJ, REDALYC, LATINDEX and SciELO stand out. These students maintain an outstanding participation in the group of authors of scientific publications, although in the last years of the analyzed period, the tendency to act as first authors increased. The number of readings and citations is considered acceptable and the largest number of published materials responds to the theme of Environmental Management of Suburban and Family Agriculture. The development of publications has had a satisfactory impact on the professional training and environmental values ​​of the student members of the group.
Keywords:
Scientific dissemination, professional training, scientific publications.
Perspectiva cultural del tratamiento a la escuela multigrado en la formación del estudiante universitario
Authors: Salas-Suárez Yoandri , Urive-Echevarría-Gálvez Grethell , Gómez-Gómez Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

El artículo es el resultado de la sistematización teórica de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Holguín, durante el proceso investigativo se aplicaron métodos teóricos como el análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, tránsito de lo abstracto a lo concreto, e histórico-lógico que permitieron establecer los antecedentes de la formación del estudiante universitario. Estos métodos evidenciaron la necesidad de argumentar el tratamiento de la escuela multigrado desde una perspectiva cultural. El resultado de la investigación es la argumentación del tratamientode los contenidos de la escuela multigrado en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Primaria desde una perspectiva cultural. El empleo de la perspectiva cultural para el tratamiento a los contenidos de la escuela multigrado, permite entender la diversidad que existe en la escuela primaria actual, caracterizada en lo cognitivo, afectivo y actitudinal, donde lo cotidiano tiene un peso significativo, pues le imprime al trabajo formativo un sello particular.
Palabras clave:
Formación, perspectiva cultural, contenido, escuela multigrado.
 
ABSTRACT
The article is the result of the theoretical systematization of the professors of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the University of Holguín, during the investigative process theoretical methods were applied such as analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, transition from the abstract to the concrete, and historical-logical that allowed to establish the antecedents of the formation of the university student. These methods evidenced the need to argue the treatment of the multigrade school from a cultural perspective. The result of the investigation is the argumentation of the treatment of the contents of the multigrade school in the Bachelor of Primary Education career from a cultural perspective. The use of the cultural perspective for the treatment of the contents of the multigrade school, allows us to understand the diversity that exists in the current primary school, characterized in the cognitive, affective and attitudinal, where the everyday has a significant weight, since it impresses on the training work a particular stamp.
Keywords:
Training, cultural perspective, content, multigrade school.
Editorial
Authors: León González Dr. C. Jorge Luis
Published: March 2024

La investigación educativa es un tipo de investigación que busca conocer, entender y explicar la realidad educativa. Por su naturaleza, estudia fenómenos complejos difíciles de resolver en los que su interpretación resulta más difícil de comprender que los problemas de la realidad, pues existen elementos que no son directamente observables ni medibles en la experimentación.
En su desarrollo los investigadores educativos podrán percatarse que forman parte del fenómeno que estudian, ya que participan activamente en él con sus valores, ideas y posiciones. También, podrán darse cuenta que en muchas ocasiones no contarán con instrumentos precisos para alcanzar la máxima exactitud y precisión, pues los fenómenos educativos tienen un carácter irrepetible e influyen en ellos muchas variables subjetivas.
De esta forma cuentan con un carácter pluriparadigmático, pues no se guían por un único paradigma como en las ciencias sociales y presentan un carácter multidisciplinar, ya que los problemas educativos se solucionan con la combinación de varias disciplinas científicas, que permitirán a los investigadores elaborar propuestas de solución acompañadas de procedimientos para evaluar los resultados y controlar sus efectos.
A partir de estos elementos se considera necesario desarrollar habilidades investigativas en los futuros docentes para que las apliquen en sus prácticas preprofesionales. También es importante que se eleve la calidad de la profesionalidad de los docentes en ejercicio; de manera que desarrollen investigaciones educativas que les permitan transformar su contexto educativo con respeto, honestidad, responsabilidad, integridad, imparcialidad, justicia, beneficencia, confidencialidad y competencia profesional.
En gran medida el número que se presenta contribuye al cumplimiento de los principios éticos en los docentes como investigadores; pero en este momento insiste en la importancia de que en la investigación educativa no se fabriquen y falsifiquen datos, evidencias, resultados y conclusiones.
El Consejo Editorial de la Revista les agradece por contar con sus contribuciones; asimismo los exhorta a enviar sus artículos para los futuros números.
Juego simbólico y método TEACCH: favoreciendo aprendizajes esperados de la educación socioemocional en preescolares
Authors: Garnica-Hernández Adilene , Díaz-Camargo Manuel
Published: March 2024

La educación socioemocional esta ciertamente relacionada con el aprendizaje, ya que, para tener un aprendizaje significativo es necesario que el alumno este motivado y enfocado en lo que quiere saber. Sin embargo, como docentes hoy en día con los nuevos y modificados contextos en donde se desarrollan nuestros educandos es mayormente complicado encontrar o aplicar estrategias que nos lleven a acercar a los alumnos a la vida cotidiana, favoreciendo a los aprendizajes significativos y abordando tareas auténticas en las aulas. Por ello, en este proyecto de investigación, se aborda la estrategia del juego simbólico como mediador del desarrollo de los aprendizajes esperados del área de educación socioemocional, dando una manera más natural de que los pequeños adquieran habilidades, capacidades, conceptos y actitudes humanistas hacia ellos mismos y la sociedad en donde se desarrollan. Además, también se propone la utilización del método TEACCH, como estrategia surgida al identificar en el grupo a un pequeño diagnosticado con Trastorno del Espectro Autista, dicha estrategia no solamente es aplicada en él, si no en todos los alumnos proporcionando resultados favorables en su desarrollo.
Palabras clave:
Educación, preescolar, juego simbólico, Método TEACCH, autismo.
 
ABSTRACT
Socio-emotional education is certainly related to learning, since, in order to ha0ve meaningful learning, it is necessary for the student to be motivated and focused on what he wants to know. However, as teachers today with the new and modified contexts in which our students develop, it is mostly It is difficult to find or apply strategies that lead us to bring students closer to everyday life, favoring meaningful learning and tackling authentic tasks in the classroom. For this reason, in this research project, the strategy of symbolic play is addressed as a mediator of the development of expected learning in the area of socio-emotional education, giving a more natural way for children to acquire skills, abilities, concepts and humanistic attitudes towards them. themselves and the society in which they develop. In addition, the use of the TEACCH method is also proposed, as a strategy that emerged when identifying a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the group, this strategy is not only applied to him, but to all students, providing favorable results in their development.
Keywords:
Education, preschool, symbolic play, TEACCH method, autism.
Transposición didáctica en el Museo de Ciencia y Naturaleza para alumnos de cuarto grado del Distrito Escolar de Gadsden y Las Cruces en Nuevo México
Authors: Morales-Andrade David
Published: March 2024

El presente reporte de investigación pretende mediante el concepto de transposición didáctica en contextos de aprendizaje informal como el Museo de Ciencia. Buscar de manera integrada a los contenidos escolares, desarrollar la formación científica de los estudiantes de 4° grado de primaria ubicados de los Distritos Escolares de Gadsden y Las Cruces en Nuevo México. Diseñado como un proyecto de investigación-acción, con la participación de 12 docentes de 4° grado de los mencionados Distritos; incluye tres actividades que se implementaron en el museo. El objetivo que se pretende con este trabajo es encontrar la utilidad y eficacia de las actividades en el museo que sirvan de apoyo a los contenidos escolares.
Palabras clave:
Transposición didáctica, educación no formal, exhibición.
 
ABSTRACT
This research report intends through the concept of didactic transposition in informal learning contexts such as the Science Museum. Search in an integrated way to the school contents, develop the scientific formation of the 4th grade students located in the Gadsden and Las Cruces School Districts in New Mexico. Designed as an action-research project, with the participation of 12 4th grade teachers from the aforementioned Districts; includes three activities that were implemented in the museum. The aim of this work is to find the usefulness and effectiveness of museum activities that support school content.
Keywords:
Didactic transposition, non-formal education, exhibition.
Factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de Física y Matemática en estudiantes de Agronomía
Authors: Calante-González Abel Pedro , Cárdenas-Zea Miriam Patricia , Yépez-Yánez Angel Bolívar , Guerra-González Calixto , Soler-Pellicer Yolanda
Published: March 2024

La enseñanza de ciencias básicas, como matemáticas y física, suele enfrentar diversos desafíos que afectan el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En este contexto, se llevó a cabo un estudio en la Universidad de Granma, Cuba, con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de diferencias significativas en las percepciones de los estudiantes de ambos campus universitarios. Los objetivos específicos incluyen analizar la falta de preparación previa y la poca dedicación al estudio, así como examinar la validez de estas problemáticas en el contexto académico. Se seleccionaron 40 estudiantes de primer año de agronomía, provenientes de dos campus universitarios. Se utilizó una metodología que combinó encuestas, identificación de problemáticas recurrentes y análisis estadístico. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos campus, destacando la falta de preparación previa en un campus y la poca dedicación al estudio en el otro. Se sugiere la implementación de estrategias educativas específicas para abordar estas problemáticas y mejorar los resultados académicos. Es fundamental profundizar en las causas subyacentes y en posibles factores adicionales que influyen en el rendimiento académico, así como desarrollar intervenciones efectivas para promover una mayor dedicación al estudio.
Palabras clave:
Enseñanza, aprendizaje, matemáticas, física, estudiantes.
 
ABSTRACT
Teaching basic sciences, such as mathematics and physics, often faces various challenges that affect student learning. In this context, a study was carried out at the University of Granma, Cuba, with the objective of determining the presence of significant differences in the perceptions of students from both university campuses. The specific objectives include analyzing the lack of prior preparation and little dedication to study, as well as examining the validity of these problems in the academic context. 40 first-year agronomy students were selected from two university campuses. A methodology was used that combined surveys, identification of recurring problems and statistical analysis. Significant differences were found between the two campuses, highlighting the lack of prior preparation on one campus and the little dedication to study on the other. The implementation of specific educational strategies is suggested to address these problems and improve academic results. It is essential to delve into the underlying causes and possible additional factors that influence academic performance, as well as develop effective interventions to promote greater dedication to study.
Keywords:
Teaching, learning, math, physical, students.
Taphonomy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of a new amber-bearing outcrop from the mid-Cretaceous of the Maestrazgo Basin (E Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Álvarez-Parra Sergio , Bueno-Cebollada Carlos A. , Barrón Eduardo , Pérez-Cano Jordi , Paredes-Aliaga María Victoria , Rubio Cristóbal , Rodrigo Ana , Meléndez Nieves , Delclòs Xavier , Peñalver Enrique
Published: March 2024

Cretaceous amber-bearing outcrops are numerous and mainly distributed along the Northern Hemisphere. They have been related to extensive resin mass production occurring from the Barremian to the Campanian presumably due to interrelated abiotic and biotic factors. Amber outcrops are also abundant in the Iberian Peninsula, and they are mostly dated as Albian. Here, we present a new amber-bearing outcrop from the Cretaceous of the Maestrazgo Basin called La Dehesa (Estercuel, Aragón, Spain). This locality is assigned to the Boundary Marls Unit and is known for its rich and diverse palaeobotanical record. The dating of the amber-bearing bed is late Albian–early Cenomanian, based on palynomorphs and ostracods. Amber characteristics are compatible with a medium to long-distance transport before resin deposition, i.e., allochthonous origin. Organism-resin interactions have been identified, such as hyphae of resinicolous fungus in the cortex of the amber, a pholadid boring determined as Teredolites clavatus, and an oyster shell that grew on the solidified resin surface. No bioinclusions have been found so far. The study of the microfossils, some of them containing pyrite aggregates or crystals, found in the amber-bearing bed (palynomorphs, plant remains, foraminifers, echinoid spines, ostracods, and vertebrate remains) points to a coastal to inner mixed platform environment.
Haciendo estudios culturales, una introducción
Authors: Fernández de Castro Pedro
Published: March 2024

Este texto se propone reivindicar los Estudios Culturales como un campo de investigación interdisciplinario operativo para analizar y transformar las sociedades actuales. Para ello, proponemos hacer un repaso de la obra Doing Cultural Studies: The story of the Sony Walkman (du Gay et al., 1997). Este libro se sitúa en la intersección histórica que marcan los últimos años del siglo XX, absolutamente fundamentales para entender la expansión tecnológica y mediática en la actualidad. Para el caso que nos ocupa, el momento de su publicación también lo sitúa a medio camino entre la fundación oficial de los Estudios Culturales en 1964, con la creación del Centro de Estudios Culturales Contemporáneos (CCCS por sus siglas en inglés) en la Universidad de Birmingham por Richard Hoggart y Stuart Hall (coautor del libro que presentamos aquí), y la actualidad, a un cuarto de siglo de su publicación y en el 60.º aniversario de los Estudios Culturales.
Deciphering the genetic interactions between Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 in maintaining mouse cochlear hair cell survival
Authors: Wang Guangqin , Gu Yunpeng , Liu Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

Mammals harbor a limited number of sound-receptor hair cells (HCs) that cannot be regenerated after damage. Thus, investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms that maintain HC survival is crucial for preventing hearing impairment. Intriguingly, Pou4f3-/- or Gfi1-/- HCs form initially but then rapidly degenerate, whereas Rbm24-/- HCs degenerate considerably later. However, the transcriptional cascades involving Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 remain undescribed. Here, we demonstrate that Rbm24 expression is completely repressed in Pou4f3-/- HCs but unaltered in Gfi1-/- HCs, and further that the expression of both POU4F3 and GFI1 is intact in Rbm24-/- HCs. Moreover, by using in vivo mouse transgenic reporter assays, we identify three Rbm24 enhancers to which POU4F3 binds. Lastly, through in vivo genetic testing of whether Rbm24 restoration alleviates the degeneration of Pou4f3-/- HCs, we show that ectopic Rbm24 alone cannot prevent Pou4f3-/- HCs from degenerating. Collectively, our findings provide new molecular and genetic insights into how HC survival is regulated.
Identifying images in the biology literature that are problematic for people with a color-vision deficiency
Authors: Stevens Harlan P. , Winegar Carly V. , Oakley Arwen F. , Piccolo Stephen R.
Published: March 2024

To help maximize the impact of scientific journal articles, authors must ensure that article figures are accessible to people with color-vision deficiencies. Up to 8% of males and 0.5% of females experience a color-vision deficiency. For deuteranopia, the most common color-vision deficiency, we evaluated images published in biology-oriented research articles between 2012 and 2022. Out of 66,253 images, 56,816 (85.6%) included at least one color contrast that could be problematic for people with moderate-to-severe deuteranopia (“deuteranopes”). However, after informal evaluations, we concluded that spatial distances and within-image labels frequently mitigated potential problems. We systematically reviewed 4,964 images, comparing each against a simulated version that approximates how it appears to deuteranopes. We identified 636 (12.8%) images that would be difficult for deuteranopes to interpret. Although still prevalent, the frequency of this problem has decreased over time. Articles from cell-oriented biology subdisciplines were most likely to be problematic. We used machine-learning algorithms to automate the identification of problematic images. For a hold-out test set of 879 additional images, a convolutional neural network classified images with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89. To enable others to apply this model, we created a Web application where users can upload images, view deuteranopia-simulated versions, and obtain predictions about whether the images are problematic. Such efforts are critical to ensuring the biology literature is interpretable to diverse audiences.
PI3K/HSCB axis facilitates FOG1 nuclear translocation to promote erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Liu Gang , Hou Yunxuan , Jin Xin , Zhang Yixue , Sun Chaoyue , Huang Chengquan , Ren Yujie , Gao Jianmin , Wang Xiuli , Jiang Xiumei
Published: March 2024

Erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis are stringently regulated by signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways regulate key transcription factors controlling erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis remain partially understood. Herein, we identified heat shock cognate B (HSCB), which is well known for its iron-sulfur cluster delivery function, as an indispensable protein for friend of GATA 1 (FOG1) nuclear translocation during erythropoiesis of K562 human erythroleukemia cells and cord-blood-derived human CD34+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as during megakaryopoiesis of the CD34+CD90+ HSCs. Mechanistically, HSCB could be phosphorylated by phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) to bind with and mediate the proteasomal degradation of transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3), which otherwise detained FOG1 in the cytoplasm, thereby facilitating FOG1 nuclear translocation. Given that PI3K is activated during both erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and that FOG1 a key transcription factor for these processes, our findings elucidate an important, previously unrecognized iron-sulfur cluster delivery independent function of HSCB in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis.
BEKTAŞİLİĞİ ÇEVRELEYEN DİNÎ TARTIŞMALAR: XIX. YÜZYILDA BALKANLARDA BEKTAŞİLİK VE HRİSTİYANLIK ETKİLEŞİMLERİ
Authors: ASLAN Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Bektaşilik, kendine özgü felsefesiyle başta Sünni Ulema olmak üzere diğer İslami gruplar tarafından şüpheyle bakılan ve İslami geleneğe ters düşen faaliyetlerde bulunmakla suçlanan bir tarikat olmuştur. Osmanlı yöneticileri ise Bektaşilerin imparatorluktaki karmaşık rolüyle karşı karşıya kalmış, ilk dönemlerde devlet otoritesini güçlendirme aracı olarak kullanırken Sünni anlayışın bürokraside güçlenmesiyle ilerleyen dönemlerde Bektaşiliği dar bir alanla (askeri) sınırlandırmıştır. Bektaşiliğin yasaklanmasıyla devlet otoritesine bağlı olan kurumsal yapıyı dağıtmış her alanda takibatlara uğramıştır. II. Abdülhamid döneminin İslamcılık politikasıyla birlikte baskı ve tedbirler daha da artmıştır. Dönemin atmosferinde ise Bektaşilere karşı olumsuz bakış, farklı tartışmalara da evrilmiştir. Bu tartışmalardan biri Bektaşilerin, Hristiyanlaşma ve halkı Hristiyanlaştırma faaliyetlerinde bulunmakla itham edilmeleri olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Balkanlar’da Hristiyan izleri arayan Batılı araştırmacılar da Bektaşilere bu perspektifle yaklaşmış, onları gizli Hristiyan olduklarını düşünerek iddialarını çeşitli temellere oturtmaya gayret göstermişlerdir. Çalışmamızda Osmanlı Devleti’nde giderek sarsılan Bektaşi imajından haklarındaki Hristiyanlaşma iddialarına kadar uzanan tarihsel alt yapı verilerek, bu yönlü tartışmalar incelenecektir.
TÜRK İŞARET DİLİNE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET TEMELLİ BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: YOLCU Emre
Published: March 2024

İnsanı diğer varlıklardan ayırarak onu düşünsel, duygusal, bilinçsel niteliklerle fark edilir kılan dil; bu sayede kişiyi alelade bir varlık olmaktan çıkarıp, insani özneleşmenin yolunu açar. Üretim alanı sınırsız dil kabiliyeti ile çevresi ve diğer insanlarla iletişim kurabilen birey zamanla bağımsızlığından belli ölçülerde feragat etmek mecburiyetinde kalarak daha güçlü bir kümelenmeyi inşa eder. Süreç içinde toplum adını alan bu insan kümelerinin çeşitli inanç, ihtiyaç, siyaset, teknoloji gibi değişkenlerle yeni ön kabuller üretmesi bahsi geçen yapılanma içerisinde yeni erklerin ortaya çıkışına da kaynaklık eder. Böylece sürdürülebilmesi gittikçe güç bir hâle gelen iletişimde bireyler arası eşitlik ilkesinin akla gelen ilk mağdurları hiç şüphesiz kadınlar, çocuklar ve gereksinimli bireyler olur. Söz konusu bu bireylerin toplum içerisindeki inkâr edilemez varoluşları, temel dil evreni bünyesinde kendilerine has yeni dilsel örüntülerin ve iletişimsel ön yargıların türeyişinin esas nedenidir. Toplumsal erkin zamanla cinsiyet temelli bir eşitsizlikle erkek egemen bir anlayışa teslim oluşu, temel söz varlığında kadın öznelliğini kısıtlayan, eksilten, işaret eden, alt tondan bir kelime haznesi üreterek kadınları eşiti oldukları erkekler karşısında dezavantajlı bir konuma hapseder. Söz konusu bu kullanımlara, görsel betimler aracılığıyla işitme gereksinimli bireyler arasındaki iletişimi sağlayan İşaret Dili bünyesinde de rastlamak mümkündür. Bu çalışma ile Türk İşaret Dili’nde kadın cinsiyetini ikincilleştiren bazı kelimelerinin tespiti ve millî değerlerimizden biri olan Türk İşaret Dili’nin kapsayıcı yönünün belirginleştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
5. ve 6. SINIF TÜRKÇE DERS KİTAPLARINDAKİ OKUMA ETKİNLİKLERİNİN ELEŞTİREL OKUMA BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Betül , KARAKOÇ ÖZTÜRK Başak
Published: March 2024

Eleştirel okuma, bireylerin dünyada olanları anlayabilmeleri ve kendilerinin farkına varabilmeleri için önemli bir beceridir. Eleştirel okuma becerisi gelişmiş bireylerin olduğu toplumlar hem sosyal hem de ekonomik olarak yüksek bir düzeye erişmektedirler. Bu durumlar eleştirel okuma becerisinin öğretimini gerekli ve önemli bir duruma getirmektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada 5. ve 6. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki okuma etkinliklerinin eleştirel okuma ölçütleri doğrultusunda değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma olarak tasarlanmış, veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. 5. ve 6. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki okuma etkinlikleri araştırmanın dokümanlarını oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak eleştirel okuma ölçütü listesi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analizle çözümlenmiştir. Etkinliklerde çıkarımlarda bulunma ve neden-sonuç ilişkisi kurma ölçütleri ön plana çıkan ölçütlerden olmuştur. Ders kitaplarındaki etkinliklerin eleştirel okuma ölçütlerinin tamamını karşılamadığı, bazı ölçütlere ise hiç yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Etkinliklerde yer verilen eleştirel okuma ölçütlerinin dağılımının dengeli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ders kitaplarının eleştirel okuma becerisini geliştirmede yeterli olmadığı ve okuma etkinliklerinin gözden geçirilmesi gerektiği ifade edilmiştir. Bu sebeplerle elde edilen veriler ve ulaşılan sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Gender-based Factors Influencing the Choice of Communication Media for Accessing Agricultural Information in Kilosa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Busindeli Innocent Mathias
Published: March 2024

The study examined socio-economic factors influencing the choice of communication media for accessing agricultural information among gender categories, that is, men, women, and youths in Kilosa and Mvomero districts of Tanzania. Data were collected from a sample of 240 selected farmers. Information was collected using structured and semi-structured interviews, and document reviews. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive, inferential and qualitative approaches. A multinomial logit was estimated to identify socio-economic factors such as age of a farmer in farming, education level, types of assets owned, farmer’s marital status, income and nature of farming enterprise in influencing the choice of communication media for accessing agricultural information among men, women, and youths. Results showed that the choice of either television or video or mobile phones or Internet or leaflets or booklets over radio was not statistically gender based. In addition, the choice of leaflets and television by famers over radio in rural areas was influenced by their education level and income at 1% and 3% level of significance respectively. The increase of 1.5 years in schooling influences the farmer to choose leaflets than radio. Similarly, increase of income by 0.3% influences him/her to choose television rather than radio. The income enables the farmer to increase his/her television purchasing power and meet related operational costs by 2%. Generally, the study concludes that the choice between television, video, mobile phones, Internet, leaflets, or booklets over radio was not influenced by gender. However, farmers with low education and income levels did not choose leaflets and television, respectively. The study recommends that policy-makers should formulate appropriate strategies for motivating farmers with low level of education to read leaflets and mobilizing financial resource to enable the government’s intervention on subsidizing television to boost its usage by low-income farmers for timely access to agricultural information.
Bitcoin Potential after Brexit Referendum and Price Prediction
Authors: Rahman Ilyasin Aditya , Astuti Rini Dwi
Published: March 2024

In a world of economic volatility and geopolitical tensions, the crypto market is emerging as a opportunity for investors seeking alternatives to traditional assets. Bitcoin also experienced an extraordinary price increase, as an alternative to stocks and gold. The purpose of this study is to determine price movements before and after the 2016 financial crisis as well as bitcoin price predictions in 2024. This study uses secondary data on Bitcoin prices from January 2011 to January 2024. The methods used are ARCH and ARIMA to determine the volatility of the bitcoin price. For predictions using the category of predictors of Bitcoin historical data at the level. In this research divide into two calculations for volatility, from 2011 until 2016 the best model was the ARIMA model, while after 2016 until 2024 the best model was the ARCH. After 2016 until now, there are many phenomena such as uncertain global conditions such as the China-US trade war and British Exit (Brexit). The conclusion on this research about the price of one Bitcoin coin in 2024 February until April from 43,075 to 44,066 or uptrend.
Scale Construction to Measure the Attitude of Farmers towards Agricultural Diversification
Authors: Rai Surendra Kumar , Bhalawe Shailendra , Patel G. R.
Published: March 2024

Attitude plays an important role in persuasion of one’s behaviour in respect to a particular psychological object. The attitude of farmers’ may influence their decision to adopt different practices to diversify their farms. Therefore, the investigation was carried out to expand a reliable and suitable mechanism to measure the farmers’ attitude towards Agricultural Diversification in their areas. The “Likert’s summated rating approach” was followed for a step by step procedure of developing uniform attitude degree. A total 67 statements reflecting belief of the farmers towards agricultural diversification were collected and out of which, 50 statements were retained after editing. The statements were sent to eighty Judges to judge its proper relevancy.  Based on the relevancy test of 50 statements, only 35 statements were selected. The 18 statements were retained after the‘t’ test where 11 were positive and 7 were negative statements. The reliability of the scale was confirmed by the use of split half method while validity was studied by content validity. The reliability coefficient was found to be 0.82 which showed the reliability of the scale. Therefore other academicians and researchers can be using this identical magnitude with or without modifications to measure attitude of farmers headed for Agricultural Diversification.
Biological Study with Morphological Characterization of Flower Phenology in Garcinia indica (Choisy)
Authors: Mujadadi, N.  , Fakrudin, B.  , Mujadidi, N.  , Swamy. G.S.K.
Published: March 2024

Characterization flowering patten in Garcinia indica was studied using different age groups planted in a field gene bank.  Flowering commenced in five-year-old trees (5YP) in all age groups targeted to study.  followed by four-year-old trees. The first flowering was recorded during 3-4th week of November and continued for ten weeks among the plants. G. indica accessions with mixed sexuality were recorded where, the majority of bisexual flowers with female and male flower were there in the same plant.  However, flower appearance started in 3rd week of November and extended up to December 3rd week and the maximum number of trees flowered in 1st week of December. Most of the accessions recorded 50 per cent flowering on 2nd and 3rd week of January. The duration of flowering varied from 8 to 10 weeks.  Majority of the flowers were observed to be auxiliary and some of them were terminal. Traits such as petal length, sepal length, stamen length and style length did not exhibit significant differences among the accessions studied.  However, pollen viability varied among the accessions.  Maximum per cent (88.33%) of viable pollen were recorded in 5YP-1 and minimum (82%) in 5YP-3 & 15 with the mean value of 45.68%.