bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAR and scan‐time optimized 3D whole‐brain double inversion recovery imaging at 7T
Authors: Pracht Eberhard D. , Feiweier Thorsten , Ehses Philipp , Brenner Daniel , Roebroeck Alard , Weber Bernd , Stöcker Tony
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The aim of this project was to implement an ultra‐high field (UHF) optimized double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence for gray matter (GM) imaging, enabling whole brain coverage in short acquisition times (
5 min, image resolution 1 mm3).

Methods

A 3D variable flip angle DIR turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence was optimized for UHF application. We implemented an improved, fast, and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficient TSE imaging module, utilizing improved reordering. The DIR preparation was tailored to UHF application. Additionally, fat artifacts were minimized by employing water excitation instead of fat saturation.

Results

GM images, covering the whole brain, were acquired in 7 min scan time at 1 mm isotropic resolution. SAR issues were overcome by using a dedicated flip angle calculation considering SAR and SNR efficiency. Furthermore, UHF related artifacts were minimized.

Conclusion

The suggested sequence is suitable to generate GM images with whole‐brain coverage at UHF. Due to the short total acquisition times and overall robustness, this approach can potentially enable DIR application in a routine setting and enhance lesion detection in neurological diseases. Magn Reson Med 79:2620–2628, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Mixed finite element approximations based on 3‐Dhp‐adaptive curved meshes with two types ofH(div)‐conforming spaces
Authors: Devloo P. R. B. , Durán O. , Gomes S. M. , Shauer N.
Published: September 2017

Two stable approximation space configurations are treated for the mixed finite element method for elliptic problems based on curved meshes. Their choices are guided by the property that, in the master element, the image of the flux space by the divergence operator coincides with the potential space. By using static condensation, the sizes of global condensed matrices, which are proportional to the dimension of border fluxes, are the same in both configurations. The meshes are composed of different topologies (tetrahedra, hexahedra, or prisms). Simulations using asymptotically affine uniform meshes, exactly fitting a spherical‐like region, and constant polynomial degree distributionk, showL2errors of orderk+1 ork+2 for the potential variable, while keeping orderk+1 for the flux in both configurations. The first case corresponds to RT(k) and BDFM(k+1) spaces for hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes, respectively, but holding for prismatic elements as well. The second case, further incrementing the order of approximation of the potential variable, holds for the three element topologies. The case ofhp‐adaptive meshes is considered for a problem modelling a porous media flow around a cylindrical horizontal well with elliptical drainage area. The effect of parallelism and static condensation in CPU time reduction is illustrated.
The unique N‐terminal zinc finger of synaptotagmin‐like protein 4 reveals FYVE structure
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhide , Nakatani Arisa , Saito Kazuki
Published: September 2017

Synaptotagmin‐like protein 4 (Slp4), expressed in human platelets, is associated with dense granule release. Slp4 is comprised of the N‐terminal zinc finger, Slp homology domain, and C2 domains. We synthesized a compact construct (the Slp4N peptide) corresponding to the Slp4 N‐terminal zinc finger. Herein, we have determined the solution structure of the Slp4N peptide by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, experimental, chemical modification of Cys residues revealed that the Slp4N peptide binds two zinc atoms to mediate proper folding. NMR data showed that eight Cys residues coordinate zinc atoms in a cross‐brace fashion. The Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool database predicted the structure of Slp4N as a RING finger. However, the actual structure of the Slp4N peptide adopts a unique C4C4‐type FYVE fold and is distinct from a RING fold. To create an artificial RING finger (ARF) with specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2)‐binding capability, cross‐brace structures with eight zinc‐ligating residues are needed as the scaffold. The cross‐brace structure of the Slp4N peptide could be utilized as the scaffold for the design of ARFs.
Does multigenerational exposure to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid precondition aphids for increased insecticide tolerance?
Authors: Rix Rachel R , Cutler G Christopher
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Hormetic preconditioning, whereby exposure to mild stress primes an organism to better tolerate subsequent stress, is well documented. It is unknown if exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can trans‐generationally prime insects to better tolerate insecticide exposure, or whether exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can induce mutations in genes responsible for insecticide resistance. Using the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the insecticide imidacloprid as a model, we examined if exposure to mildly toxic and hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid reduced aphid susceptibility to insecticides across four generations, and whether such exposures induced mutations in the imidacloprid binding site in post‐synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

RESULTS

Chronic, multigenerational exposure of aphids to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid primed offspring to better survive exposure to certain concentrations of imidacloprid, but not exposure to spirotetramat, an insecticide with a different mode of action. Exposure to hormetic and mildly toxic concentrations of imidacloprid did not result in mutations in any of the examined nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrate that exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can prime insects to better withstand subsequent chemical stress, but this is dependent upon the insecticide exposure scenario, and may be subtle over generations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reducing copper use in the environment: the use of larixol and larixyl acetate to treat downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in viticulture
Authors: Thuerig Barbara , James Emily E , Schärer Hans‐Jakob , Langat Moses K , Mulholland Dulcie A , Treutwein Jonas , Kleeberg Ina , Ludwig Mathias , Jayarajah Praveen , Giovannini Oscar , Markellou Emilia , Tamm Lucius
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Plant extracts might provide sustainable alternatives to copper fungicides, which are still widely used despite their unfavourable ecotoxicological profile. Larch bark extract and its constituents, larixyl acetate and larixol, have been shown to be effective against grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) under semi‐controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to reduce the gap between innovation and the registration of a marketable product, namely to develop scalable extraction processes and to evaluate and optimise the performance of larch extracts under different conditions.

RESULTS

Toxicologically and technically acceptable solvents like ethanol were used to extract the active compounds larixyl acetate and larixol from bark in sufficient amounts and their combined concentration could be increased by up to 39% by purification steps. The combined concentration of larixyl acetate and larixol from larch turpentine could be increased by up to 66%. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC100) against P. viticola in vitro (6‐23 µg mL‐1) and the Effective Concentration (EC50) in planta under semi‐controlled conditions (0.2‐0.4 mg mL‐1) were promising compared with other plant extracts. In vineyards, efficacies of larch extracts reached up to 68% in a stand‐alone strategy and 84% in low‐copper strategies.

CONCLUSION

Larch extracts represent valid candidates for copper reduction in organic vineyards, and their development into a sustainable plant protection product might be feasible. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control and scheduling codesign for nonlinear networked control systems with medium‐access constraint and packet disordering
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2017

This paper studies an event‐triggered communication, scheduling, and fault‐tolerant control codesign method for nonlinear networked control systems with medium‐access constraint, delay, and packet disordering using an adaptive approximation method and adaptive technique. By considering nonlinear dynamics and controller reconfiguration, a novel event‐triggering scheme with an adjustable triggering condition and adaptive triggering thresholds is proposed. The stochastic event‐driven actuator scheduling is investigated without the assumption that the controller can access the current modes of the actuators. By considering the Markovian delay and focusing on the transmitter node, a new packet reordering approach is used to cope with packet disordering. This paper proposes an active fault‐tolerant control method, in which the nominal controller is redesigned for the postfault plant by using the fault information provided by an estimator. It is proven that the estimation error of the estimator is uniformly bounded, the reconfigurable controller and event‐trigger ensure the boundedness in probability of the state tracking error before and after the fault occurrence in the presence of medium‐access constraint, delay, and packet disordering while reducing communication load. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in the numerical example.
Trauma Leagues—A Novel Option to Attract Medical Students to a Surgical Career
Authors: Simões Romeo Lages , Dorigatti Alcir Escocia , Silveira Henrique José Virgili , Calderan Thiago Rodrigues Araujo , Rizoli Sandro , Fraga Gustavo Pereira
Published: September 2017

Background

In Brazil, most medical schools do not offer trauma surgery in their undergraduate curriculum. The Trauma Leagues arose in Brazil as an important promoter of trauma education and stimulated activities related to surgical skills and practices. In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that the number of surgical residency applicants has decreased worldwide. Strategies to motivate medical students to choose surgery are needed.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of participation in the Unicamp Trauma League (UTL) during a 20‐year period in the choice for a surgical career.

Methods

The study included 276 students in a Brazilian university hospital who were part of the Trauma League. Research of records in universities and medical societies about the specialties chosen during residency were evaluated. A Likert questionnaire was sent to participants to evaluate the impact of participating in the Trauma League in the student’s professional career.

Results

The questionnaire was answered by 76% of the participants. Of those, 38.4% chose general surgery. About 55.1% did not know what medical career to choose when joined the league. Participation in the league had an influence on specialty choice in 79.1% of the students. Of those choosing surgery, 93.2% believed that participating in the league had positively influenced their career choice. Overall, 93.1% believed that participating in the league provided knowledge and information that the medical school curriculum was not able to provide.

Conclusion

Participation in Trauma League has been an effective strategy to encourage medical students to choose a career in general surgery in Campinas, Brazil.
Comparison of the efficiency of bacterial and fungal laccases in delignification and detoxification of steam-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production
Authors: De La Torre María , Martín-Sampedro Raquel , Fillat Úrsula , Eugenio María E , Blánquez Alba , Hernández Manuel , Arias María E , Ibarra David
Published: September 2017

This study evaluates the potential of a bacterial laccase from Streptomyces ipomoeae (SilA) for delignification and detoxification of steam-exploded wheat straw, in comparison with a commercial fungal laccase from Trametes villosa. When alkali extraction followed by SilA laccase treatment was applied to the water insoluble solids fraction, a slight reduction in lignin content was detected, and after a saccharification step, an increase in both glucose and xylose production (16 and 6%, respectively) was observed. These effects were not produced with T. villosa laccase. Concerning to the fermentation process, the treatment of the steam-exploded whole slurry with both laccases produced a decrease in the phenol content by up to 35 and 71% with bacterial and fungal laccases, respectively. The phenols reduction resulted in an improved performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process, improving ethanol production rate. This enhancement was more marked with a presaccharification step prior to the SSF process.
Invasive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in children
Authors: Alzomor Omar , Alfawaz Tariq , Alshahrani Dayel
Published: September 2017

The majority of CA-MRSA infections present as skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses or cellulitis. However, CA-MRSA can cause invasive infections such as joint infections, necrotizing pneumonia or septicemia. Here we describe five cases with CA-MRSA bacteremia complicated with osteo- articular infection, necrotizing pneumonia, and infective endocarditis. We report these case series to outline the spectrum of invasive CA-MRSA diseases and to demonstrate clinical outcome. Early proper intervention with regular revisiting the empirical treatment based on local susceptibility data is crucial. More data on the risk factors for acquiring and spread of CA-MRSA in children are required.
External validation and comparison of the scoring systems (S.T.O.N.E, GUY, CROES, S‐ReSC) for predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes for staghorn stones: A single center experience with 160 cases
Authors: Yarimoglu Serkan , Bozkurt Ibrahim Halil , Aydogdu Ozgu , Yonguc Tarik , Sefik Ertugrul , Topcu Yusuf Kadir , Degirmenci Tansu
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was validation and comparison of stone scoring systems (S.T.O.N.E, GUY, CROES, S‐ReSC) used to predict postoperative stone‐free status and complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for staghorn stones. A total of 160 patients who had staghorn renal stones and underwent PCNL between January 2012 and August 2015 were included in the current retrospective study. Guy, S.T.O.N.E., S‐ReSC (Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity) and CROES (Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society) nephrolithometry scores were calculated for each patient, and their potential association with stone‐free status, operative and fluoroscopy time, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were evaluated. Postoperative complications were graded according to the modified Clavien classification, and the correlation of scoring systems with postoperative complications was also investigated. The mean CROES, S.T.O.N.E, Guy and S‐ReSC scores were 143.5 ± 33.6, 9.7 ± 1.6, 3.5 ± 0.5 and 6.2 ± 2.0 respectively. The overall stone‐free rate was 59%. All scoring systems were significantly correlated with stone‐free status in univariate analysis. However, Guy and S‐ReSC scores were the only significant independent predictor in multivariate analysis. And all four nomograms failed to predict complication rates. Current study demonstrated that Guy and S‐ReSC scoring systems could effectively predict postoperative stone‐free status for staghorn stones. However all four scoring systems failed to predict complication rates.
LATE ARCHAIC RITUALISM IN DOMESTIC CONTEXTS: CLAY-FLOORED SHRINES AT THE BURRELL ORCHARD SITE, OHIO
Authors: Redmond Brian G.
Published: September 2017

Past research on the development of Archaic ideological complexity in eastern North America has focused on ritualism and ceremony related to mortuary behaviors, with less attention to ritualism within what is commonly thought of as domestic contexts without overt mortuary ceremonialism or monumental architecture. The recent discovery of puddled clay architecture and associated features at the Burrell Orchard site (33LN15) in northeast Ohio provides new evidence of significant, nonmortuary ritualism within Late Archaic basecamp contexts. That such activity took place alongside normal seasonal subsistence tasks is revealed by thick midden deposits containing abundant burned rock, nutshell, and deer bone. The many bone and stone tool deposits associated with the floors, along with the labor-intensive nature of the clay construction for what appears to have been individually short-term use, support the interpretation of these features as shrines possibly associated with hunting ritualism.
The systemic causes of financial crises in the long nineteenth century
Authors: Ba Heather
Published: September 2017

In a globalized and hegemonically organized international economy, the economic fundamentals and policy choices of the hegemon often have spillover effects for peripheral economies. This is a well-recognized dynamic of the contemporary political economy, but it was true during the first age of globalization as well. Motivated by literature examining the impact of the U.S. macroeconomic conditions on other economies throughout the international system, this article advances a systemic theory of financial crisis and applies it to the long nineteenth century, when British hegemony reigned. My main motivation is the earliest example of a systemic theory of financial crisis, Charles Kindleberger's Hegemonic Stability Theory. However, while Charles Kindleberger focused on the stability brought about by a hegemonically structured international economy, I emphasize the dynamics of volatility present in this type of system. I argue that a hierarchical distribution of economic activity in the international system means that the financial cycle of the most central country influences the financial conditions in peripheral countries that lead to financial crisis. Evidence from financial crises which occurred in the long nineteenth century supports this theory.
‘There's More to be Done; “Sorry” is Just a Word’: Legacies of Out-of-Home Care in the 20th Century
Authors: Fernandez Elizabeth , Lee Jung-Sook , Foote Wendy , Blunden Hazel , McNamara Patricia , Kovacs Szilvia , Cornefert Paul-Auguste
Published: September 2017

This research explored the experiences of care leavers, who lived in institutions (such as Children's Homes and orphanages) or other forms of out-of-home care between 1930 and 1989. Participants included representatives of three sub-cohorts: Forgotten Australians, members of the Stolen Generations and Child Migrants. Employing mixed methods, this research used three forms of data collection: surveys (n = 669), interviews (n = 92) and focus groups (n = 77). This research concentrated on participants’ experiences in care, leaving care, life outcomes after care (education, employment, health, wellbeing and relationships), coping strategies and resilience, current service needs and usage and participation in organisations as well as the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Most participants experienced extreme neglect and abuse while in care. Leaving care, often after years of institutionalisation, was generally a frightening and demoralising process. Despite these challenges, a number of participants demonstrated remarkable resilience. For many, however, these experiences had negative consequences in adulthood including serious physical and mental health problems. This often made adult learning, paid employment and positive relationships virtually impossible. Most survivors carry high levels of trauma and complex unmet needs. Implications for policy, practice and services are drawn from key findings.
New species of the genusOphiolepisMüller & Troschel, 1840 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiolepididae)
Authors: Pineda-Enríquez Tania , Bribiesca-Contreras Guadalupe , Solís-Marín Francisco A. , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo , O'Hara Timothy
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present work is to report and describe three new species of the tropical brittle-star genusOphiolepis. The new species are described herein asOphiolepis aemulatasp. nov.,Ophiolepis buitronaesp. nov. andOphiolepis crebrasp. nov. As these species were previously misidentified, morphological traits and similarities between them and other species are extensively discussed.Ophiolepis buitronaesp. nov. is widespread in tropical and warm waters of the western Atlantic from intertidal to 36 m. It has consistently been misidentified asOphiolepis impressaas these two species share a similar distribution and are found together.Ophiolepis aemulatasp. nov. is found in western Australia, as are its congenersOphiolepis superbaandOphiolepis unicolor, whileOphiolepis crebrasp. nov. is found in Australia and Indonesia. There are 25 extant species, including the three new species, which are currently referred to the genusOphiolepis.
An Arctic ‘cold rush’? Understanding Greenland's (in)dependence question
Authors: Wilson Page
Published: September 2017

Over the last decade claims that an Arctic ‘cold rush’ is taking place have intensified. Proponents of the argument contend that the unprecedented effects of climate change plus strong global demand for the region's natural resources are creating the conditions for a future economic boom. In both of these respects, Greenland merits particular attention. Some recent predictions suggest great riches accruing to Greenland, on account of its abundance of oil, gas and mineral deposits; as a consequence, some further argue, Greenlandic independence from Denmark is assured. In response, this article contests these arguments. For now, the natural and mineral resource sector in Greenland is tiny, and thus it is still much too soon to know whether it will even deliver the dazzling economic outcome forecast – let alone whether or not this outcome will benefit Greenland. In addition, the question of Greenlandic independence does not simply boil down to economics, but also raises various social, political, legal and strategic issues which are not easily resolvable. Consequently, Greenland's independence from Denmark is not simply a matter of time, but remains very much an open question.
Local Governance Pathways to Decarbonization in China and India
Authors: Gilley Bruce
Published: September 2017

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the world's two largest countries requires feasible governance pathways that integrate politics, policy and administration. Using examples of successful mitigation at the local level in China (Guangzhou) and India (Gujarat), this article identifies integrated governance solutions that work in both cases through different types of linkages. In China, it is mainly intra-governmental linkages, while in India it is mainly state–society linkages. In neither case do international negotiations concerning emissions targets have significant effects, while national frameworks have only marginal effects. Approaching the problem in this comparative manner helps to clarify how greenhouse gas governance operates in each country, the lessons for central–local environmental relations, and the implications for international assistance.
Predicting treatment failure, death and drug resistance using a computed risk score among newly diagnosed TB patients in Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: ABDELBARY B. E. , GARCIA-VIVEROS M. , RAMIREZ-OROPESA H. , RAHBAR M.H. , RESTREPO B.I.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for identifying newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk for TB adverse events in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Surveillance data between 2006 and 2013 (8431 subjects) was used to develop risk scores based on predictive modelling. The final models revealed that TB patients failing their treatment regimen were more likely to have at most a primary school education, multi-drug resistance (MDR)-TB, and few to moderate bacilli on acid-fast bacilli smear. TB patients who died were more likely to be older males with MDR-TB, HIV, malnutrition, and reporting excessive alcohol use. Modified risk scores were developed with strong predictability for treatment failure and death (c-statistic 0·65 and 0·70, respectively), and moderate predictability for drug resistance (c-statistic 0·57). Among TB patients with diabetes, risk scores showed moderate predictability for death (c-statistic 0·68). Our findings suggest that in the clinical setting, the use of our risk scores for TB treatment failure or death will help identify these individuals for tailored management to prevent these adverse events. In contrast, the available variables in the TB surveillance dataset are not robust predictors of drug resistance, indicating the need for prompt testing at time of diagnosis.
Vitamin D serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome
Authors: VILLAMOR E. , VILLAR L. A. , LOZANO A. , HERRERA V. M. , HERRÁN O. F.
Published: September 2017

Vitamin D could modulate pathways leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). We examined the associations of serum total 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) concentrations in patients with uncomplicated dengue fever (DF) with risk of progression to DHF/DSS. In a case–control study nested in a cohort of DF patients who were followed during the acute episode in Bucaramanga, Colombia, we compared 25(OH)D and VDBP at onset of fever between 110 cases who progressed to DHF/DSS and 235 DF controls who did not progress. 25(OH)D concentrations were also compared between the acute sample and a sample collected >1 year post-convalescence in a subgroup. Compared with 25(OH)D ⩾75 nmol/l, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for progression were 0·44 (0·22–0·88) and 0·13 (0·02–1·05) for 50 to 75 nmol/l (vitamin D insufficiency) and <50 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency), respectively (P, trend = 0·003). Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were much lower post-convalescence compared with the acute episode, regardless of case status. Compared with controls, mean VDBP was non-significantly lower in cases. We conclude that low serum 25(OH)D concentrations in DF patients predict decreased odds of progression to DHF/DSS.
Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies among children and adolescents vaccinated in infancy and effect of booster dose administered within a pilot study
Authors: BASSAL R. , MARKOVICH M. P. , WEIL M. , SHINAR E. , CARMELI Y. , DAN M. , SOFER D. , MENDELSON E. , COHEN D. , SHOHAT T.
Published: September 2017

We determined the prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) among children and adolescents vaccinated for hepatitis B virus in infancy as part of the routine vaccination programme. A representative serum sample of the Israeli population age 0–19 was tested. In a separate pilot study, a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine was administered to 31 candidates for national service, who were fully vaccinated in infancy and tested negative for hepatitis B surface antibodies at age 17–19 years and anti-HBs antibodies were assessed 8 weeks later. Of the 1273 samples tested, 631 (49·6%) were positive to anti-HBs antibodies. Seropositivity rates were 89·5% among infants aged 6–12 months and declined significantly with age to 20·7% at age 19 years. No differences in seropositivity rates were observed between Jews and Arabs, males and females and those born in Israel and in other countries. Seroconversion rate among the 31 individuals who received a booster dose was 90·3% (95% CI: 75·1–96·6%). We recommend a booster dose for healthcare personnel before starting to work at the health care facility.
How Supervisees on a Foundation Course in CBT Perceive a Supervision Session and what they Bring Forward to the Next Therapy Session
Authors: Törnquist Anna , Rakovshik Sarah , Carlsson Jan , Norberg Joakim
Published: September 2017

Background: There is limited research into the effect of supervision in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) from the supervisees’ perspective. Aims: The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge from the supervisees’ perspective as to what in particular in the supervision process contributes to the therapy process. Method: Fourteen supervisees on a foundation course participated in the study. A qualitative approach was used with thematic analysis of the participants’ written diaries after supervision and therapy sessions. Results: Analyses of supervisees’ experiences suggested that a variety of therapeutic interventions were easier to implement if one had the supervisor's support and felt free to decide if and when the suggested interventions could best be implemented. Evaluation in the form of positive feedback from the supervisor indicating that the supervisee was ‘doing the right thing’ was perceived to be important. A unifying theme when supervisees felt they were not getting anything out of the supervision was that the supervisees did not have a supervision question. Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that the supervisor's support during training is perceived to be important for the supervisee. Receiving positive feedback from one's supervisor in an evaluation is perceived to have a great impact on whether the therapist implements the suggested therapeutic interventions discussed in the previous supervision.
Can temporary cessation of CBT really be therapeutic? A case study
Authors: Jenkins Paul E.
Published: September 2017

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a notoriously costly and challenging psychiatric illness to treat. Despite an accumulating evidence base, psychological treatment fails to achieve symptom abstinence in many patients with eating disorders, a shortcoming that is likely to be further pronounced in AN. The case study reported here describes how a mutually agreed break in a course of psychotherapy following an initial lack of progress might have influenced outcome for a client with a severe eating disorder. The patient received 26 sessions of CBT and results, consistent with those of larger studies, showed significant improvement on primary symptom measures. These results are discussed in the context of relevant psychological theories and an exploration of the client's motivation. Consideration is also given to other factors that may have influenced outcome.
Sweetpotato Tolerance and Palmer Amaranth Control with Metribuzin and Oryzalin
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W.
Published: September 2017

Field studies were conducted in Clinton, NC in 2007 and 2009 to determine sweetpotato crop response and Palmer amaranth control with metribuzin and oryzalin. Treatments consisted of 140 and 202 g ai ha−1metribuzin applied immediately after transplanting [0 wk after transplanting (WAP)] or 2 WAP, 560 and 1121 g ha−1oryzalin 0 WAP, and tank mixes of metribuzin (140 or 202 g ha−1) and oryzalin (560 or 1,121 g ha−1) 0 WAP. At 2 WAP, metribuzin alone applied 0 WAP resulted in greater crop injury (33%) than oryzalin alone (1%), and the tank mix of metribuzin plus oryzalin resulted in greater crop injury (49%) than either herbicide applied alone. Greater crop injury occurred when metribuzin was applied at 202 g ha−1(54%) than 140 g ha−1(34%). Levels of injury were similar at 4 WAP (34, 8, and 52% for metribuzin, oryzalin, and the tank mix, respectively). At 4 WAP, injury from metribuzin was greater when it was applied 0 WAP (34%) compared to 2 WAP (18%). By 10 WAP, injury from metribuzin applied at 2 WAP was only 4%. At 4 WAP, Palmer amaranth control was excellent for all treatments and ≥98%. At 10 WAP, control among treatments ranged from 77% to 85%. Palmer amaranth control provided by metribuzin was similar for applications made 0 WAP (78%) and 2 WAP (77%). Oryzalin alone provided similar control (85%) to metribuzin alone 0 WAP, but greater control than the tank mix (77%). Neither metribuzin nor oryzalin rate differed in weed control provided at 10 WAP. Oryzalin 0 WAP and metribuzin 2 WAP provided no. 1 sweetpotato yields equivalent to the hand-weeded check. No. 1 yields of all other treatments were less than the hand-weeded check but greater than the weedy check.
Die Rolle der psychiatrischen Pflege bei Suizidalität
Authors: Alsbach Lars
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Suizidhäufigkeit von Patienten in stationärer psychiatrischer Behandlung liegt um ein Vielfaches höher als die der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Pflegende leisten im interdisziplinären Behandlungsprozess einen zentralen Beitrag zur Wahrnehmung und Einschätzung der Suizidalität. Um dieser Verantwortung gerecht zu werden, empfiehlt sich der Einsatz von Instrumenten zur Einschätzung der Suizidalität.
Depressed but Still Moving
Authors: Jooß Lena K. , Krämer Lena V. , Wyman Mary
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Studies of exercise in depression have not focused on persons already engaging in exercise. The current study aimed to provide an in-depth examination of exercise in depressive persons. In all, 62 depressive outpatients were compared with 62 parallelized nondepressive controls on various aspects of self-reported exercise (total amount, frequency, duration, intensity, type). Of the depressive participants, 52 % and of the nondepressive participants 76 % reported engaging in exercise. Compared with nondepressive exercisers, depressive exercisers exercised less (average total amount of M = 1.7 vs. M = 2.7 hr/week, including all intensity levels), were exercising less frequently (M = 1.7 vs. M = 2.6 sessions/week), and were engaged in fewer different exercise types (M = 1.4 vs. M = 2.0). Groups did not differ in intensity (M = 6.1 vs. 6.2 METs) or duration of exercise sessions (M = 1.1 hr). Exercisers with depression engage in exercise at reduced levels compared with nondepressive exercisers. Interventions to increase exercise in depressive patients should focus on raising the frequency of exercise sessions rather than the duration or intensity.
Prediction Model for Alcohol Consumption in Young Football Players in Germany
Authors: Kröske Björn
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Alcohol consumption among adolescents is higher in athletes, especially in team sports such as football, compared with nonathletes. This study investigated factors influencing alcohol consumption in adolescent football players in Germany. Structural equation modeling was used to understand how the different predictors work together, thereby improving alcohol prevention in the field of football. The hypothesized model was largely confirmed and the most significant predictive factor of alcohol consumption was the drinking behavior of friends. Alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) were also shown to impact alcohol use. Friend norms regarding alcohol use had little influence on alcohol consumption. There was no direct association between alcohol consumption and the motivational climate during football training (task and competitive orientation) and support provided by the coach. This highlights the importance of focusing on adjusting the perception of alcohol use in friends and alcohol use norms as well as social self-efficacy in resisting peer pressure to drink in alcohol prevention strategies in team sport.
World’s Biggest Oxygen Producers Living in Swirling Ocean Waters
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: September 2017

Oceanographers probe the impact of deep swirling vortices on phytoplankton.
Predicting ligand-dependent tumors from multi-dimensional signaling features
Authors: Hass Helge , Masson Kristina , Wohlgemuth Sibylle , Paragas Violette , Allen John E. , Sevecka Mark , Pace Emily , Timmer Jens , Stelling Joerg , MacBeath Gavin , Schoeberl Birgit , Raue Andreas
Published: September 2017

Targeted therapies have shown significant patient benefit in about 5–10% of solid tumors that are addicted to a single oncogene. Here, we explore the idea of ligand addiction as a driver of tumor growth. High ligand levels in tumors have been shown to be associated with impaired patient survival, but targeted therapies have not yet shown great benefit in unselected patient populations. Using an approach of applying Bagged Decision Trees (BDT) to high-dimensional signaling features derived from a computational model, we can predict ligand dependent proliferation across a set of 58 cell lines. This mechanistic, multi-pathway model that features receptor heterodimerization, was trained on seven cancer cell lines and can predict signaling across two independent cell lines by adjusting only the receptor expression levels for each cell line. Interestingly, for patient samples the predicted tumor growth response correlates with high growth factor expression in the tumor microenvironment, which argues for a co-evolution of both factors in vivo.
Efficacy of recombinant measles virus expressing highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) antigen against HPAIV infection in monkeys
Authors: Fujiyuki Tomoko , Horie Ryo , Yoneda Misako , Kuraishi Takeshi , Yasui Fumihiko , Kwon Hyun-jeong , Munekata Keisuke , Ikeda Fusako , Hoshi Miho , Kiso Yuri , Omi Mio , Sato Hiroki , Kida Hiroshi , Hattori Shosaku , Kohara Michinori , Kai Chieko
Published: September 2017

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a serious threat not only to domestic fowls but also to humans. Vaccines inducing long-lasting immunity against HPAIV are required. In the present study, we generated recombinant measles virus (MV) expressing the hemagglutinin protein of HPAIV without the multibasic site necessary for its pathogenicity in chickens using the backbone of an MV vaccine strain (rMV-Ed-H5HA) or a wild-type MV-derived mutant (rMV-HL-Vko-H5HA). We examined protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines in the monkey infection model by the challenge with a HPAIV (H5N1). Cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with the candidate vaccines produced both anti-H5 HA and anti-MV antibodies. They recovered earlier from influenza symptoms than unvaccinated monkeys after the challenge with the HPAIV strain. Chest radiography and histopathological analyses confirmed less severe pneumonia in the vaccinated monkeys. Vaccination tended to suppress viral shedding and reduced the interleukin-6 levels in the lungs. Furthermore, the vaccination with rMV-Ed-H5HA of monkeys with pre-existing anti-MV immunity induced the production of anti-H5 HA antibodies. These results suggest that both candidate vaccines effectively reduce disease severity in naïve hosts, and that rMV-Ed-H5HA is a particularly good candidate vaccine against HPAIV infection.
An iterative compound screening contest method for identifying target protein inhibitors using the tyrosine-protein kinase Yes
Authors: Chiba Shuntaro , Ishida Takashi , Ikeda Kazuyoshi , Mochizuki Masahiro , Teramoto Reiji , Taguchi Y-h. , Iwadate Mitsuo , Umeyama Hideaki , Ramakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Thangakani A. Mary , Velmurugan D. , Gromiha M. Michael , Okuno Tatsuya , Kato Koya , Minami Shintaro , Chikenji George , Suzuki Shogo D. , Yanagisawa Keisuke , Shin Woong-Hee , Kihara Daisuke , Yamamoto Kazuki Z. , Moriwaki Yoshitaka , Yasuo Nobuaki , Yoshino Ryunosuke , Zozulya Sergey , Borysko Petro , Stavniichuk Roman , Honma Teruki , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Akiyama Yutaka , Sekijima Masakazu
Published: September 2017

We propose a new iterative screening contest method to identify target protein inhibitors. After conducting a compound screening contest in 2014, we report results acquired from a contest held in 2015 in this study. Our aims were to identify target enzyme inhibitors and to benchmark a variety of computer-aided drug discovery methods under identical experimental conditions. In both contests, we employed the tyrosine-protein kinase Yes as an example target protein. Participating groups virtually screened possible inhibitors from a library containing 2.4 million compounds. Compounds were ranked based on functional scores obtained using their respective methods, and the top 181 compounds from each group were selected. Our results from the 2015 contest show an improved hit rate when compared to results from the 2014 contest. In addition, we have successfully identified a statistically-warranted method for identifying target inhibitors. Quantitative analysis of the most successful method gave additional insights into important characteristics of the method used.
MicroRNA profiling study reveals miR-150 in association with metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yue Patrick Ying-Kit , Ha Wai-Yan , Lau Chi-Chiu , Cheung Florence Man-Fung , Lee Anne Wing-Mui , Ng Wai-Tong , Ngan Roger Kai-Cheong , Yau Chun-Chung , Kwong Dora Lai-Wan , Lung Hong-Lok , Mak Nai-Ki , Lung Maria Li , Wong Ricky Ngok-Shun
Published: September 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in pathogenesis of human cancers. Several miRNAs have been shown to involve in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) pathogenesis through alteration of gene networks. A global view of the miRNA expression profile of clinical specimens would be the best way to screen out the possible miRNA candidates that may be involved in disease pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of miRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with undifferentiated NPC versus non-NPC controls using a miRNA real-time PCR platform, which covered a total of 95 cancer-related miRNAs. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that NPC and non-NPC controls were clearly segregated. Promisingly, 10 miRNA candidates were differentially expressed. Among them, 9 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated of which miR-205 and miR-196a showed the most up-regulated in NPC with the highest incidence percentage of 94.1% and 88.2%, respectively, while the unique down-regulated miR-150 was further validated in patient sera. Finally, the in vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays revealed that miR-150 can modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition property in NPC/HK-1 cells and led to the cell motility and invasion. miR-150 may be a potential biomarker for NPC and plays a critical role in NPC tumourigenesis.
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 3,6-diaryl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines as novel tubulin inhibitors
Authors: Xu Qile , Bao Kai , Sun Maolin , Xu Jingwen , Wang Yueting , Tian Haiqiu , Zuo Daiying , Guan Qi , Wu Yingliang , Zhang Weige
Published: September 2017

A novel series of 3,6-diaryl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated as vinylogous CA-4 analogues, which involved a rigid [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine scaffold to fix the configuration of (Z,E)-butadiene linker of A-ring and B-ring. Among these rigidly vinylogous CA-4 analogues, compounds 4d, 5b, 5i, 6c, 6e, 6g, 6i and 6k showed excellent antiproliferative activities against SGC-7901, A549 and HT-1080 cell lines with IC50 values at the nanomolar level. Compound 6i showed the most highly active antiproliferative activity against the three human cancer cell lines with an IC50 values of 0.011–0.015 µM, which are comparable to those of CA-4 (IC50 = 0.009–0.013 µM). Interestingly, SAR studies revealed that 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 4-methoxyphenyl could replace the classic 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl in CA-4 structure and keep antiproliferative activity in this series of designed compounds. Tubulin polymerization experiments showed that 6i could effectively inhibit tubulin polymerization, which was corresponded with CA-4, and immunostaining experiments suggested that 6i significantly disrupted microtubule/tubulin dynamics. Furthermore, 6i potently induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in SGC-7901 cells. Competitive binding assays and docking studies suggested that compound 6i binds to the tubulin perfectly at the colchicine binding site. Taken together, these results revealed that 6i may become a promising lead compound for new anticancer drugs discovery.
Inactivation of HMGCL promotes proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Luo Wenqi , Qin Liting , Li Bo , Liao Zhipeng , Liang Jiezhen , Xiao Xiling , Xiao Xue , Mo Yingxi , Huang Guangwu , Zhang Zhe , Zhou Xiaoying , Li Ping
Published: September 2017

Altered metabolism is considered as a hallmark of cancer. Here we investigated expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) 2 lyase (HMGCL), an essential enzyme in ketogenesis, which produces ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids to supply energy, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The expression of HMGCL was silenced in NPC tissue. Downregulation of HMGCL in NPC was associated with low intracellular β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) production, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Ectopic expression of HMGCL restored β-HB level, associated with suppressed proliferation and colony formation of NPC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. HMGCL suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro via mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Furthermore, extracellular β-HB supply suppressed the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. Both intra- and extracellular β-HB exerting a suppressive role in NPC depends on ROS generation. Ketogenesis may be impaired in NPC cells due to lack of HMGCL expression, suggesting that it may be a promising target in NPC therapy.
Optimizing the methodology for measuring supraclavicular skin temperature using infrared thermography; implications for measuring brown adipose tissue activity in humans
Authors: Haq Tahniyah , Crane Justin D. , Kanji Sarah , Gunn Elizabeth , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Steinberg Gregory R. , Morrison Katherine M.
Published: September 2017

The discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults has sparked interest in its role as a therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. Infrared thermography is a promising way to quantify BAT; however, a standardized methodology has not been established. This study aims to establish a standardized and reproducible protocol to measure thermal response to cold in the supraclavicular area using thermographic imaging. In Phase 1, we compared the thermal response to 12 °C cold after acclimation at either 32 °C or room temperature using thermographic imaging. Repeatability of the 32 °C acclimation trial was studied in a second group in Phase 2. Phase 1 included 28 men (mean age 23.9 ± 5.9 y; mean BMI 25.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) and Phase 2 included 14 men (mean age 20.9 ± 2.4 y; mean BMI 23.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2). The thermal response was greater after 32 °C than after room temperature acclimation (0.22 ± 0.19 vs 0.13 ± 0.17 °C, p = 0.05), was not related to outdoor temperature (r = −0.35, p = 0.07), did not correlate with supraclavicular fat (r = −0.26, p = 0.21) measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and was repeatable [ICC 0.69 (0.14–0.72)]. Acclimation at 32 °C followed by cold generates a reproducible change in supraclavicular skin temperature measurable by thermal imaging that may be indicative of BAT metabolic activity.