bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Imaging Revealing Inner Dynamics for Cardiovascular Waveform Analysis via Unsupervised Manifold Learning
Authors: Wang Shen-Chih , Wu Hau-Tieng , Huang Po-Hsun , Chang Cheng-Hsi , Ting Chien-Kun , Lin Yu-Ting
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Cardiovascular waveforms contain information for clinical diagnosis. By learning and organizing the subtle change of waveform morphology from large amounts of raw waveform data, unsupervised manifold learning helps delineate a high-dimensional structure and display it as a novel 3-dimensional (3D) image. We hypothesize that the shape of this structure conveys clinically relevant inner dynamics information.

METHODS:

To validate this hypothesis, we investigate the electrocardiography (ECG) waveform for ischemic heart disease and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform in dynamic vasoactive episodes. We model each beat or pulse to be a point lying on a manifold—like a surface—and use the diffusion map (DMap) to establish the relationship among those pulses. The output of the DMap is converted to a 3D image for visualization. For ECG datasets, first we analyzed the non–ST-elevation ECG waveform distribution from unstable angina to healthy control in the 3D image, and we investigated intraoperative ST-elevation ECG waveforms to show the dynamic ECG waveform changes. For ABP datasets, we analyzed waveforms collected under endotracheal intubation and administration of vasodilator. To quantify the dynamic separation, we applied the support vector machine (SVM) analysis and reported the total accuracy and macro-F1 score. We further performed the trajectory analysis and derived the moving direction of successive beats (or pulses) as vectors in the high-dimensional space.

RESULTS:

For the non–ST-elevation ECG, a hierarchical tree structure comprising consecutive ECG waveforms spanning from unstable angina to healthy control is presented in the 3D image (accuracy = 97.6%, macro-F1 = 96.1%). The DMap helps quantify and visualize the evolving direction of intraoperative ST-elevation myocardial episode in a 1-hour period (accuracy = 97.58%, macro-F1 = 96.06%). The ABP waveform analysis of Nicardipine administration shows interindividual difference (accuracy = 95.01%, macro-F1 = 96.9%) and their common directions from intraindividual moving trajectories. The dynamic change of the ABP waveform during endotracheal intubation shows a loop-like trajectory structure, which can be further divided using the manifold learning knowledge obtained from Nicardipine.

CONCLUSIONS:

The DMap and the generated 3D image of ECG or ABP waveforms provides clinically relevant inner dynamics information. It provides clues of acute coronary syndrome diagnosis, shows clinical course in myocardial ischemic episode, and reveals underneath physiological mechanism under stress or vasodilators.
Misuse of RPKM or TPM normalization when comparing across samples and sequencing protocols
Authors: Zhao Shanrong , Ye Zhan , Stanton Robert
Published: April 2020

In recent years, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technology for transcriptome profiling. For a given gene, the number of mapped reads is not only dependent on its expression level and gene length, but also the sequencing depth. To normalize these dependencies, RPKM (reads per kilobase of transcript per million reads mapped) and TPM (transcripts per million) are used to measure gene or transcript expression levels. A common misconception is that RPKM and TPM values are already normalized, and thus should be comparable across samples or RNA-seq projects. However, RPKM and TPM represent the relative abundance of a transcript among a population of sequenced transcripts, and therefore depend on the composition of the RNA population in a sample. Quite often, it is reasonable to assume that total RNA concentration and distributions are very close across compared samples. Nevertheless, the sequenced RNA repertoires may differ significantly under different experimental conditions and/or across sequencing protocols; thus, the proportion of gene expression is not directly comparable in such cases. In this review, we illustrate typical scenarios in which RPKM and TPM are misused, unintentionally, and hope to raise scientists’ awareness of this issue when comparing them across samples or different sequencing protocols.
TRANSFORMATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING RESULTS TO NON-FINANCIAL AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION
Authors: Ibragimova Aminat
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of transformation of the management accounting system and the information included in geological exploration, which involves the modernization of the management accounting system in the industry, which can provide internal and external users with financial and non-financial information, the introduction of non-financial reporting forms in practice, the modification of existing methods and applied technologies, convergence financial, economic and technological aspects in the course of standardization of accounting and reporting, as well as the development of a methodological mechanism that allows for effective management accounting in the framework of geological exploration. The author examined the Russian accounting practice which showed that management information support is carried out within the framework of financial accounting, which creates confusion in reporting. Information is often duplicated, causing errors in reporting indicators, on the basis of which incorrect management decisions are made. Currently, Russian accounting and reporting are developing in parallel with the economic realities of the state. Inconsistency with the nature of transformations and the level of development of the economic mechanism may lead to a decrease in the qualitative characteristics of the accounting information generated in the economy. A study of the evolution of the development of domestic accounting and reporting has led to the conclusion that interested users are interested not only in financial performance indicators, but also non-financial indicators that disclose economic, social and environmental aspects of the activity. The latter can be defined as a global challenge of an economic nature, which especially concerns the extractive industries, and, accordingly, geological activity in the search for deposits.
METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsu , Dyatlova Angelina , Klychova Augul , Zalyalova Nailya
Published: April 2020

The economic security system is a set of structures or services, the continuous activity of which is aimed at increasing security from external and internal threats and ensuring effective enterprise management. Each enterprise should develop its own system that ensures economic security and takes into account the specifics, organizational structure and scale of financial and economic activities of an economic entity. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the methodological tools for ensuring economic security in the personnel management system. The proposed tests for assessing the heads of structural divisions and assessing the personnel management system of the enterprise allow us to evaluate each individual employee and the effectiveness of the personnel management system as a whole. In particular, when selecting heads of structural divisions, it is advisable to take into account such factors as advanced training, the presence of chronic diseases, convictions and administrative offenses, arrears on rent and loans, knowledge of foreign languages, the level of use of a personal computer, etc. On the effectiveness of the personnel management system as a whole the readiness of employees for additional vocational training or advanced training affects; provision of reliable, timely, confidential and accurate information by the internal control system; availability of control of automated information systems and program control of financial and business operations; observance of the official instructions by the personnel; the presence of internal regulatory documents on the protection of personal data and the procedure for managing information activities, as well as a separate economic security service, etc. By analyzing the answers to the questions contained in the tests, it is possible to give a generalized assessment of economic security in the personnel management system, as well as to develop further measures on its increase, including the selection of potential applicants for a certain position
EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN-CROP ROTATION, DEPENDING ON SEEDING OF MANURE, STRAW AND INTERMEDIATE SIDERATE
Authors: Akhmetzyanov Marsel , Talanov Ivan
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the introduction of manure, straw and intermediate green manure in a grain-grass crop rotation against the background of the introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of studies showed that options with the introduction of manure and plant biomass reduced the soil density in the 0-10 cm layer by 0.02-0.04 g/cm3, in the 10-20 cm layer by 0.03-0.04 g/cm3. The total content of structural aggregates in the variants with the introduction of manure and the joint incorporation of straw and green manure increased to 46.7-72.9%, the structural coefficient was 0.87-2.69, against 44.3-63.9% and 0.79 -1.77 on the mineral background. The amount of crop and root residues that came into the soil after harvesting perennial grasses more accumulated in the backgrounds with the addition of manure, straw and green manure and amounted to 10.8-12.1 tons per hectare, while the mineral background made up only 10, 11 tons per hectare. Against the same background, an increase in the content of humus in the soil by 0.12-0.16% occurred. Improving the soil fertility of the soil, manure, straw and green manure contributed to an increase in crop yields in crop rotation compared with the mineral background: winter rye by 0.2-5.0 centner, spring wheat by 1.2-6.8 centner, perennial grasses by 1.2-7.3 grain units, spring wheat – 2.5-5.4 centner, oats - 2.4-5.3 center per hectare. Crop cultivation in a grain-grass crop rotation on the background of the combined application of straw and crop green manure made it possible to get a maximum profit of 22,835.6 rubles per ha with a profitability level of 162.8%, against 15540.0 rubles per ha and a profitability of 96.4% against a mineral background.
ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT UNDER ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsu , Yusupova Al'fiya , Hayrullina Inzilya
Published: April 2020

Organic production refers to the rapidly growing sector of world agriculture. As the number of participants in organic agriculture increases, many questions arise related to the methodology for accounting for production processes. The article discusses the principles of accounting in agricultural enterprises that are engaged in organic production in parallel with the “traditional”. If organic farming is the only production activity, all operations are accounted for using standard accounts. For enterprises combining intensive production with organic, it is proposed to open additional sub-accounts for synthetic accounts established by the Chart of Accounts for Accounting of the Financial and Economic Activities of Organizations and Agribusiness Organizations. Additional sub-accounts are recommended to be opened on accounts of materials, finished products, animals for growing and fattening, the main herd, production costs, etc. Grouping information on the above accounts allows you to get information about: the quantity and cost of materials used for organic farming; on the quantity and value of the resulting finished organic products; about the composition and number of animals used for the production of organic products. All operations on the movement (receipt, movement, expenditure) of stocks, finished products and animals are made out by primary accounting documents. To summarize the information, internal standard reports are compiled - balance-sheet statements. The article presents schemes reflecting the procedure for generating information on organic production with the indication of subaccounts of accounting, on which information from primary documents related to operations of receipt and disposal of assets produced in an organic way is accumulated.
DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX PROCESSES IN REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Oborin Matvey Sergeyevich , Andreev Aleksey , Cherdancev Vadim
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to urgent problems of increasing the production efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in the regional economy. Most of the country’s subjects are interested in the growth of their own agricultural production, which is the basis for the formation of the food market and domestic consumption. Effective production and economic relations in the territory of a country’s subject contribute to lower costs and food prices, improve self-sufficiency in food. The novelty of the study lies in the formation of a set of measures to support agriculture in Perm Kray, taking into account the dynamics of production, characteristic of the current stage of economic development. The directions of agricultural research in science, the need for systematic technical re-equipment of the industry in order to obtain better results at the regional level are characterized. The analysis of statistics on the status and prevailing development trend of the studied industry in Perm region. The volumes and goals of state support for agricultural enterprises and the agro-industrial complex of the region are studied. Attention is paid to the social indicators of the formation of the industry related to employment, which is relevant in conditions of increasing labor productivity and its automation. The data on the material and technical equipment of the industry were considered, since the level of innovative development of the industry significantly depends on production machinery and equipment. The financial and economic indicators of the state of agriculture of Perm Kray are characterized, positive trends in revenue growth and state support are identified. The study revealed the inadequacy of measures of the state and regional policies in order to ensure sustainable growth and modernization of industry enterprises. Actual measures are proposed that contribute to solving the current problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are associated with a high level of credit load, low productivity and a high share of heavy manual labor.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROVIDING STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES BASED ON PEST ANALYSIS
Authors: Safiullin Niyaz
Published: April 2020

The description of the main features of strategic planning in public administration is given. The theoretical foundations of PEST-analysis as a tool for strategic planning are given. Brief information on the state of the informatization industry in the Republic of Tatarstan is provided. A quantitative analysis of the provision of electronic public services to the population of the Republic of Tatarstan is given. The dynamics of the development of the Portal of state and municipal services of the Republic of Tatarstan over several years is given. The environmental factors that influence the system of providing state and municipal services are identified. According to the main features, the identified factors were divided into four groups: political, economic, social, and technological. Among government employees of the Ministry of Informatization and Communications of the Republic of Tatarstan, an expert assessment of the identified factors was carried out. The calculation of the real significance of each factor and their ranking in descending order of significance is carried out. The effects of the most significant factors on the industry are prescribed. Measures are proposed to reduce the negative influence of factors and maximize the use of positive influence of factors.
ISLAMIC FINANCE
Authors: Nizamov Ramil' , Klychova Guzaliya , Iskhakov Albert
Published: April 2020

Currently, an alternative to traditional finance is actively forming in the world - the Islamic financial system with its inherent financial products. In the Russian Federation, the topic of Islamic finance is being developed by the scientific and business environment at the regional level, precisely, with the involvement of working groups of international experts. In the course of the study, a analysis was made of the main provisions and characteristics of Islamic finance. Islamic finance includes financial products such as Musharaka, Mudaraba, Murabaha, Ijara, Salaam, Istisna ’and others. According to Musharak, participants in the transaction combine assets and share risks among themselves. Mudaraba, a trust management agreement, allows you to combine the entrepreneurial talent of the manager and the funds of the owner of capital. Murabaha, a resale agreement, provides an opportunity to purchase goods by installments to customers. Ijara serves as a replacement for operating leasing and is used more broadly as a lease. Salaam, an advance financing contract, is mainly used for transactions with standard property. Istisna’ contract, where the contractor, in addition to its services, uses its own material and raw materials, an investment tool for long-term projects. In order to unify the terms of Islamic financial contracts, international standards have been developed by the Organization of Accounting and Auditing of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI, Bahrain headquarters). Fiqh property relations, a section of Sharia science, is a methodological and theoretical basis for Islamic finance. The features of Islamic finance include asset-based, restrictions on funded activities and the principle of sharing risks between capital and the entrepreneur. The movement of cash flows according to Islamic economic doctrine must necessarily be supported by the movement of real goods and services. Islam prohibits financing activities harmful to society. The right to profit in Islam arises from the acceptance of risk. It was found that the constraining factors for the development of Russian Islamic financial institutions remain due to its regulation in national legislation. It is noted that Islamic finance has developed in Russia due to the presence of demand at the local and regional levels from business and the population who are actively practicing Islam. Monitoring of the Russian Islamic financial services market has shown that about ten companies offering Islamic financial services currently operate in Russia.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE OPTIMAL LEVEL OF TRACTORS’ OPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Khusainov Rail , Galiev Ilgiz , Gabdrafikov Fanil' , Muhametzyanov Dinar , Yarullin Fanis
Published: April 2020

The process of operation of tractors is inextricably linked with conditions that affect their performance. These conditions include operational, organizational and climatic conditions on the one hand and technical operation on the other, i.e. the technique is influenced by operating conditions. A comprehensive, dimensionless indicator of the operating conditions of tractors in agricultural production is the level of their operation. The level of operation of the tractor, this is the state of their operation on the farm, which is determined by the degree of implementation of measures for the technical operation of equipment and the percentage of tractors involved in labor-intensive processes when used for their intended purpose. The theoretical level of operation of the tractor can vary from 0 to 1. At the same time, 1- corresponds to the state of operation of the tractor, in which the resource consumption is minimal, i.e. the degree of implementation of the generalized factors of technical operation meets the requirements of State standard and the tractor performs work with the lowest resistivity; 0 - theoretical, corresponds to the state of operation of the tractor, in which the resource consumption is maximum, i.e. technical operation of the tractor is not performed and the tractor performs work with maximum resistivity. The article discusses the optimization of the level of operation of tractors, presents a methodology for optimizing this indicator and provides a calculation using the example of farms in the Republic of Tatarstan. Regularities of changes in unit costs for eliminating failures and downtime depending on the level of operation of tractors are obtained. Calculations are given to justify the optimal values of operating hours before repair, between repairs and operating hours before decommissioning, depending on various values of the level of operation of tractors.
PRIORITIES OF CLUSTER MODELS INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Sigal Pavel
Published: April 2020

The article discusses current issues of regulation of social and economic territorial development by an organizational mechanism for creating clusters that allows you to coordinate the efforts of stakeholders - cluster members and consumers of products manufactured by enterprises, to effectively make forecasts and trends of internal and external economic development, including adjusting the course of development. It is shown that in the Russian economy there are features of the formation and management of clusters. Among the factors hindering the development of the cluster model is a formal institutional structure designed to coordinate cluster development. The condition for progressive development and successful work in the conditions of a cluster model is mutual trust and sovereignty of participants, participation of all in strategic planning. The main advantage of the cluster model is the ability to develop small and medium-sized businesses, which is expressed in strengthening and enhancing the potential of the region in solving the key tasks of its development. It has been established that the particularly significant prospects of the cluster model are the solution of import substitution issues, since it will be possible to replace expensive imported equipment with high-quality analogues of domestic production, which will create favorable conditions for the development and functioning of the domestic market of tools, instruments and equipment, and improve the financial condition of domestic industrial enterprises. The implementation of projects in a cluster model allows us to solve problems related to the advanced training of engineering personnel and their level by involving new research and educational institutions in the cluster. This satisfies the needs of cluster members in educational services. It is noted that in modern conditions, clustering processes determine the prospects of social and economic development and initiatives. It is especially important that these processes take place in industry, for which the formation of clusters remains a strategic model and a mechanism to realize the competitive advantages of the regional and national economies.
LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE VILLAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Fayzrakhmanov Dzhaudat , Hamidullin Nail' , Sergeev Mihail
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes individual social and economic problems of the village, the presence of agricultural organizations, the number and level of professional education, the age composition of specialists and managers, machine operators and livestock breeders. For the first time, the human development of the village of the Republic of Tatarstan is considered, as well as the trends in solving the difficulties encountered in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan accounts for over 14% of the gross social product and the same national income of the Republic of Tatarstan. The resource potential created in the agro-industrial complex between the individual regions is distributed extremely unevenly. More sharp contrasts are observed in the material and technical provision of agriculture in certain regions, in the availability of land and labor resources, in the qualitative state of the available human potential, in the level of its use, in the social development of the village. Of the actual workers aged 30 to 60 years, pre-retirement contingent prevails. Workers under the age of 40 are generally not satisfied with working conditions, wages and rural infrastructure. The leadership of the republic, the Ministry of Agriculture, financial organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan need to make additional efforts to fully provide highly qualified specialists of agricultural organizations, social and economic conditions, and infrastructure. The use of highly efficient equipment, new technologies will increase the productivity of machine operators, reduce the timing of field work, and in livestock can optimize their number. An analysis of the availability, age and educational level of agricultural workers, the introduction of new technologies will make it possible to forecast a decrease of at least 3% in the number of labor resources in agricultural enterprises over 3-5 years. Agricultural enterprises should introduce deep processing of grain, meat, milk and other raw materials, having united in cooperatives. To ensure the economic growth of the agro-industrial complex, certain investments are necessary in order to form highly productive human capital. Only in such conditions can a return on investment be achieved.
STATUS AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF FINANCIAL SPHERE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DAIRY PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Chernikova Svetlana
Published: April 2020

Depending on the stages of economic development, the development of the financial sector of the agro-industrial complex is fully characterized by state support, while state support, for example, of dairy processing enterprises, is practically carried out with an advantage in favor of agricultural producers. In turn, processing enterprises to a greater extent carry out their production and financial activities without financing and are forced to attract investors on their own. The current situation, without a doubt, requires attention and identifying priority areas in addressing the development of the financial sector of dairy processing enterprises, financing, lending and state support in the form of subsidies. An analysis of the content and effectiveness of the state program for the development of agriculture and the regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets for 2013–2020 of Perm Kray showed that, in general, the program is aimed at involving all those with resources: material, labor, financial and informational, of all interested market participants. However, the mechanism for implementing the planned program does not fully meet the objectives, needs to be adjusted. The general orientation of the activities within the framework of this program has the orientation of state support, to a greater extent, of agricultural producers, which is confirmed by the study, it is necessary to develop a mechanism of financial support for all interested market participants, equally. In this situation, it is necessary to develop a procedure for providing subsidies to increase the efficiency of processing enterprises in the dairy industry, taking into account environmental factors at various stages of economic development. In this regard, the author proposes to consider the growth of the dairy industry at various stages of economic development in the process of implementing the State Program. To develop the State subprogramme of financial support for dairy processing enterprises, which will propose a mechanism for financing dairy processing enterprises in the framework of public-private partnerships.
INFLUENCE OF FODDER CROP ROTATIONS ON CROP CONFERENCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN BAIKAL REGION
Authors: Kozlova Zoya , Matais Lyubov' , Glushkova Ol'ga
Published: April 2020

The research was carried out in Irkutsk region in 2011–2014. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of forage crop rotations on the degree of weediness of fields and the yield of forage crops. The objects of research are three forage crop rotations: one control without perennial legumes (meadow clover) and two with meadow clover in the structure of sown areas of 20 and 40%. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest heavy loamy, with the following characteristics: salt extract pH 4.7 ... 4.9, humus content 4.5 ... 4.8%, mobile phosphorus - 160 mg/kg, potassium - 130 mg/kg. The least amount of weeds in the experiment was in variants with perennial leguminous grasses (7 ... 9 pcs/m2), which ensured an increase in yield by crop rotation on average for 4 years of research by 14 ... 19%. The most contaminated was the control crop rotation. The greatest number of weeds in this crop rotation was noted in the crops of corn and pea-oat mixture - 5 ... 12 pcs/m2. Of the juvenile weeds, mainly gray mice (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), of perennial weeds, yellow sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) and field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) prevailed. Weediness of crops did not have a significant effect on the yield of forage crops in the links of crop rotations. Among the five-field crop rotations, the highest productivity was observed in the variant with two fields of meadow clover (2.5 thousand fodder units/ha) with the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit 99.1 g
TO THE QUESTION OF TECHNIC-TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF SELECTION AND SEEDING OF SUGAR BEET
Authors: Kukharev Oleg , Semov Ivan , Starostin Ivan
Published: April 2020

Sugar beets are the only source of sugar in Russia. The use of new highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar beet with high sugar content can significantly increase sugar production. To ensure the country’s food security in sugar production and reduce import dependence on sugar beet seeds, the strategic task is to resume domestic selection of sugar beets and provide it with beet seeds for the country. One of the factors restraining the development of domestic selection and seed production is the physically and morally obsolete technical base of selection and seed-growing institutes, centers and farms. In the selection of sugar beets, non-transplanting, planting and transplanting (plug-in) methods for producing sugar beet seeds are used. Of great practical interest is the introduction of the plug-in method for producing seeds, in which thickened sugar beet crops are created, due to which the optimal specific yield of uterine root crops is ensured, the area of arable land is most effectively used and the cost of seed production is reduced. Moreover, in the struggle for light, moisture and nutrients, the most powerful biotypes survive. The analysis of machines for selection and seed production shows that commercially available machines in our country do not meet the requirements of the technology for producing sugar beet seeds using the plug-in method. It is necessary to create and implement specialized machines, such as bed-forming mills, seeders for creating a thickened sowing, machines for minting seed plants and removing pollinators. The lines used for sorting the plugs require additional manual selection of root crops and rejection of damaged, rotten or infected plugs. Machines for landing plugs require the use of monotonous manual labor. It is promising to conduct research in the direction of automating the processes of cleaning, sorting and planting of plugs, minting testes, and eliminating manual labor during these operations.
INFLUENCE OF AGROMINERAL MICROFERTILIZING MIXTURE APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID
Authors: Potapov Denis , Saniev Ramis , Vasin Vasiliy , Vasin Aleksey
Published: April 2020

The work presents the results of studies for 2017-2019, aimed at developing methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids cultivated according to the Clearfield system when using the microfertilizing mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga region. The results of the studies showed that the safety of plants at the time of harvesting is up to 91.8%; the maximum safety is achieved when processing crops by vegetation with Agromineral microfertilizing mixture at a dose of 3 l/ha. The leaf area increased until the budding phase, reaching a maximum of 99.2 thousand m2/ha, on a mid-season hybrid when processing crops with a dose of 3 l/ha, and then, due to drying of the lower leaves, it begins to decrease to the phase of the onset of flowering to 37.8 ... 57.9 thousand m2/ha. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8N477KLDM - 4.781 million m2/ha days. The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases its value and, as a result, increases productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 kg/ha with an absolute indicator of 27.2 ... 33.2 kg/ha.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF TRUCKS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Asadullin Nail
Published: April 2020

At the present stage of development of agricultural production much attention is paid to its mechanization and automation. Progressive and perspective direction of production development is the use of trucks. Features of transport support of agricultural enterprises determine the important role of trucks in the sustainable development of all agricultural production. A wide variety of types and types of products determines the complex structure of agricultural fleets. To date, there are numerous shortcomings and problems in the use of trucks in agricultural enterprises, for example: poor quality of roads, high prices for spare parts, which lead to loss of material resources and increase the cost of transportation and reduce the efficiency of all agricultural production. For further effective development of trucks in agricultural production and to make the right organizational and economic decisions in this article have been discussed in detail and analyzed all the numerous shortcomings of the use of trucks in agriculture.
FORMATION OF THE SOWING STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NORTHERN EKOTYPE SOYBEAN PLANTS AT DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA FOREST STEPPE
Authors: Fadeeva Aleksandra , Abrosimova Tamara
Published: April 2020

The studies were carried out in order to study the effect of the row spacing on the formation of the structure and productivity of plants of the early maturing soybean of Milyausha variety. In a field experiment on gray forest soils with a weakly acidic reaction and a humus content of 3.21 ... 3.83%, two sowing methods were compared: continuous sowing with a distance between rows of 15 cm and a series of rows - 30 cm. In the conditions of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan in dry years (2016, 2018), the duration of the growing season of the variety did not depend on the sowing methods and was 89 ... 91 days. With a moderate temperature regime and abundant precipitation (2017), with row sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, it increased up to 105 days, in the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm - up to 109 days. An increase in the duration of the period from sowing to emergence of seedlings with a lack of heat led to a decrease in field germination according to the variants of the experiment to 70.0 ... 72.5%, plant survival - to 57.5 ... 66.0%. The maximum field germination in the experiment (95.0 and 85.0%), safety (98.2 and 94.1%) and plant survival (93.3 and 80.0%) were noted in 2018 with a high sum of air temperatures above 10 ° C and moderate moisture (total precipitation 102 mm) during the growing season. In the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm, the mass of seeds per plant in arid conditions was higher than with continuous sowing, by 2.2 ... 2.7, and in conditions of excessive moisture - by 1.7 times. An increase in the mass of seeds provided an increase in branching, the number of beans and seeds per plant. In terms of productivity and yield per unit area, there were no significant differences between the options for sowing methods. The maximum realization of the potential of productivity (289.1 and 314.7 g / m2) and yield (2.78 and 2.81 t / ha) in the experiment was achieved with the duration of the growing season 105 and 109 days (2017)
THE NECESSITY FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN DAIRY ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Sitdikov Farit , Ziganshin Bulat , Shaydullin Radik , Moskvicheva Anastasiya
Published: April 2020

Currently, in the context of increasing information and the role of knowledge in human activities, it is also necessary to use advanced automated, computerized and information technologies that are used on modern livestock farms in dairy farming. The article deals with the effective use of automation and remote control of technological processes for the production of milk, including milking robots. It also touches on the use of remote methods for obtaining the necessary useful information for monitoring the health status of cows during milking. Automation of the milking process of cows increases the productivity of operators of machine milking cows by 1.5-2 times, and also provides the completeness of issuing and increasing productivity of cows by 10-15%. A computer program based on electronic and smart sensors allows you to recognize cows with a suspicious decrease in productivity, while calculating milk quality indicators for each quarter of the udder based on electrical conductivity, blood and somatic cell counts, milking interval, milk flow and conduction peaks. This controls both the health of the cow and the quality of the milk received from it. Formation of a database through the accumulation and analysis of the necessary information of dairy farming will allow rational use of the feed base, stages and time of milking cows. Prioritizing the use of new technologies in dairy farming will increase human productivity.
SUBSTANTIATION AND RESULTS OF PRACTICAL RESEARCHES OF THE PLOUGH FOR DIGGING POTATOES IN WET WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors: Smirnov Petr , Pushkarenko Nikolay , Smirnov Mihail , Alekseev Evgeniy
Published: April 2020

In Central Russia, wet conditions for potato harvesting occur on average once every 5 ... 6 years. The task is practically not feasible for small-scale agricultural production - peasant farming (peasant farms) and smallholding, because of they are limited both in power plants (tractors) and in potato-harvesting equipment. Therefore, it is proposed to dig up potatoes with a very common three-unit plow, followed by picking in a mechanized way. For the turnover of the tuberous layer, a trellised conical blade is proposed. A graphic analysis of the turnover of the reservoir with the determination of the secretive zones of loss of tubers was carried out, an analytical calculation with the task of stabilizing the course of the plow on the potato ridge, since, compared with field plowing, the plow body plank is placed in the furrow and the soil reaction to it is not sufficiently implemented. Formulas for calculating the area of the field board are given. For calculations, the average hardness of the soil of the ridge and furrow of the potato plantings was determined experimentally with an absolute soil moisture of 31%. According to the calculations, enlarged field boards were made and installed deeper than the body stroke. Field boards with an increased area of 1.5 ... 1.6 times stabilized the plow. The changes made to the frame, the support wheel and the trailed (mounted) plow system are also shown.
OPTIONS FOR PLANE-PARALLEL MOVEMENT OF GRAINS IN A SCRAPER CONVEYOR
Authors: Yakhin Sergey , Masalimov Il'gam , Nafikov Marat , Mardanov Ramis
Published: April 2020

The kinematics of plane-parallel motion of a wheat or rye grain when moving in an inclined position in a scraper conveyor is considered. A kinematic diagram of the plane-parallel motion of the grain in the scraper conveyor was compiled, the position of the instantaneous center of the flat figure was determined, and options for the movement of grain in an inclined position at various possible positions of instantaneous center were considered. The profile of the grains is outlined by an elliptical curve. The point of contact of the elliptical profile of the caryopsis with the scraper makes a complex motion, while the horizontal speed of the scraper is portable for it, the sliding speed on the surface of the scraper is relative. The speed of the touch point of the grain with the pan is horizontal. For six possible positions of the instantaneous center, the directions of the velocities of the points of contact of the grains and the friction forces acting in them are determined. Grains of wheat or rye, moved in a scraper conveyor, in some cases can make plane-parallel movement. The point of contact of the elliptical profile of the caryopsis with the scraper makes a complex motion, while the horizontal speed of the scraper is portable for it, the sliding speed on the surface of the scraper is relative. The speed of the touch point 2 of the grain with the pan is horizontal.
New records of Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) collected in Cerrado fragments in the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil
Authors: Toma Ronaldo , Koller Wilson Werner , Mello-Patiu Cátia Antunes , Mello Ramon Luciano
Published: April 2020

Collections carried out for a period of 10 weeks from October to December 2013 in two fragments of Cerrado (experimental farm of Embrapa Gado de Corte and Private Reserve of Natural Heritage belong to the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (RPPN-UFMS)) located in the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil, with traps baited with decomposing beef liver, and collections conducted for a period of 15 days in January 2014 in the RPPN-UFMS, using Shannon traps baited with dog corpses, resulted in 32 flesh fly species of eight genera, with the first record of the genus Blaesoxipha and 15 new species records to Mato Grosso do Sul.
Digitisation will transform the future of pathology
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: April 2020

Technology has become an increasingly vital aspect of healthcare, but its impact on pathology has been particularly profound. Gemma Harris discusses these developments and their potential to transform the nature of the field.
The potential role of the Alsberg angle as a predictor of lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction
Authors: Gui Ronghua , Canavese Federico , Liu Shuang , Li Lianyong , Zhang Lijun , Li Qiwei
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Early diagnosis and prevention of lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis is challenging after treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiographic changes of the Alsberg angle (AA) in normal children and those with DDH, and to assess the role of AA as a potential predictor of lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis.

Methods

AA was measured on the anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of 1000 normal children ranging in age from one to ten years and in 66 children (92 hips) with DDH treated by closed reduction (CR). A comparative analysis was performed.

Results

In the normal children, mean AA decreased linearly with age, from 76° at age one year to 65° at age ten years, irrespective of gender and laterality. In children with DDH, the average AA was 81.5°(sd 3.9°; 74° to 87°) prior to CR; it was 75.9° (sd 4.5°; 68° to 83°) in normal children of the same age (p < 0.001). Among the 42 children (64 hips) with successfully and uneventfully treated DDH, AA reached normal values between the ages of five and six years. In contrast, children with lateral growth disturbance of the proximal femur physis (24 children, 28 hips) showed significantly higher AA values in comparison with the age-matched controls.

Conclusion

In DDH patients with successful CR, AA could be expected to match normal values in children between the ages of five and six years. On the other hand, AA can be used as an early predictor for lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis.

Level of Evidence

Level III
Correlates of the (soft) skills of Italian undergraduate students
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Fedeli Silvia , Tancioni Massimiliano
Published: April 2020

Our research investigates the correlates of the soft skills owned by Italian undergraduate students (first-cycle degree programmes) at almost the end of their academic career. We take advantage of a unique data set provided by the National Agency for the Evaluation of the University and Research Systems, which contains information from both the adaptation of the US Collegiate Learning Assessment Plus test to the Italian context and the evaluation of the research quality of Italian universities. The research derives and discusses a set of relationships between test scores and some observed characteristics of students, institutions and study programmes. Results draw a general picture of the students who are preparing to enrol in second-cycle degree programmes or to enter the labour market, and show how – along with individual characteristics – institutional and socio-economic backgrounds affect students’ human capital endowments.
Advertising in the Archives: A Guide to Advertising and Marketing Archives around the World
Authors: Beard Fred , Timke Edward
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This Advertising in the Archives article presents an overview of advertising and marketing archives around the world. It highlights attempts by advertising historian Fred Beard to locate and publish information about many of the world's largest and most important archives and special collections of historical advertisements and other categories of marketing ephemera. Beard and advertising historian Edward Timke discuss the origins of the effort to uncover the important artifacts and records held by major libraries, museums, industry organizations, corporations, and personal collectors, and how they can be used by future historians to explore interesting and under-investigated topics and questions about advertising.
Roundtable: Understanding Audiences' Interpretations of Advertisements
Authors: Comeforo Kristin , Howald Rachel , Truss Mark , Tsai Wan-Hsiu Sunny , Timke Edward
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This roundtable brings together professors and practitioners to discuss how to understand audiences' interpretations of advertisements. Topics covered include various theoretical perspectives on audience interpretations of texts; implications when an advertisement addresses cultural, social, and political issues; carefully separating producer intentions from audience interpretations; how audiences assess the authenticity of an advertisement; how brands should consider audiences' perspectives and reactions; understanding what makes audience members see themselves as similar to and different than others; how advertising workplace diversity impacts creativity; how advertising needs to consider audiences' shared experiences and sensibilities; the dangers of targeted and personalized digital ads; and a discussion of significant examples of ads with notable audience reactions, such as ads for Dove Real Beauty, Pepsi, Nike, Orbitz Travel, Gillette, and Peloton.
Reprint Retrospective: Watching with The Simpsons: The Logic of Television and Ad Parody
Authors: Gray Jonathan
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This article, which first appeared as Chapter 3 of Watching with The Simpsons: Television, Parody, and Intertextuality (Routledge, 2006), explores advertising parody in The Simpsons . First setting up the televisual environment in which this parody worked upon initial broadcast, the author then examines how numerous instances of parody of advertising and consumerism across the popular series work to teach a form of media literacy.