bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal and water management policy during climate warming in Poland
Authors: Marszelewski Michał , Piasecki Adam
Published: December 2021

The article discusses some of the effects of global warming on rivers, lakes and underground water in Poland. It documents serious difficulties in river shipping and energy, as well as the exposing of areas previously occupied by lakes as a result water levels lowering. It is pointed out that the rapid increase in intensive irrigation of agricultural areas is causing excessive exploitation of underground water. The analysis takes into account the relevant data. The presentation of the effects of global warming is expanded upon with the legal provisions applicable in these situations. In the absence of climate change law, these are general regulations that face a number of difficulties in application. The detailing of areas of law and hydrology leads to the conclusion that Poland lacks a coherent policy on climate warming.
Optimisation of absorber parameters in the case of stochastic vibrations in a bridge with a deck platform for servicing pipelines
Authors: Grosel Jacek , Podwórna Monika
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on the problem of optimising the cooperation between a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) and a structure. The authors analyse a road beam bridge equipped with a working platform (deck) used to service pipelines installed on the structure. The paper studies the problem of choosing the optimal parameters for damping absorbers that reduce the random vibration of a beam subjected to a random sequence of moving forces with a constant velocity. The stochastic properties of the load are modelled by means of a filtering Poisson process. A single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) absorber model with a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) primary structure model are is considered.
The Development of Bedouin Dance Al-Fattah Badui Islamic Arts in Wedomartani, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province: Study for Sustainabitlity of Traditional Arts
Authors: Nayati Widya , Hindun Hindun
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of 21st century, Bedouin traditional art has declined due to the influence of modern times. It has even shifted to become a tourist attraction. For this reason, efforts are needed to improve human resources for the sustainability of the traditional arts. By using inductive reasoning, this research was conducted to improve the traditional art to be part of Indonesian cultural identity. Direct observations and interviews were made on the traditional Bedouin art group Al Fattah in Wedomartani, Yogyakarta. The outcome of this study is a recommendation for Bedouin art of Al-Fattah to have better management of the accompaniment and sound system, as well as the arrangement of motion gestures so that the art can be more captivating as well as delivering the message to the audience.
Еще один добротный учебник (об учебнике "Международное публичное право". Под ред. К.А. Бекяшева. — М., 1998. — 608 с.).
Authors: Ковалев А. А.
Published: December 2021

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КОНФЛИКТЫ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ — ПРОБЛЕМА ГЛОБАЛЬНАЯ (конфликты на постсоветском пространстве. Общие черты, специфика, перспективы)
Authors: Пряхин В. Ф.
Published: December 2021

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ПРОБЛЕМЫ БОРЬБЫ С ПРЕСТУПНЫМИ СООБЩЕСТВАМИ
Authors: Гришко Е. А.
Published: December 2021

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РЕЖИМ ВОЕННОГО ПЛЕНА
Authors: Алешин В. В.
Published: December 2021

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ЯДЕРНОЕ БУДУЩЕЕ ЗЕМЛИ: ВЛИЯЕТ ЛИ НА НЕГО ЭТИКА?
Authors: Мекси Маргарет
Published: December 2021

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ВОЕННО-МОРСКИЕ БАЗЫ, КОТОРЫХ НЕ БЫЛО
Authors: Лазарев М. И.
Published: December 2021

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СУЩНОСТЬ И НАЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Тао Сун Юнь
Published: December 2021

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ЗАЩИТА МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ ВООРУЖЕННЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ
Authors: Хасан Мохаммад
Published: December 2021

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ПЕРУ - ЭКВАДОР: ПОГРАНИЧНЫЙ СПОР
Authors: Клеченов Г. Е.
Published: December 2021

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Латынь для юристов
Authors: Масаев М. В. , Масаев В. М.
Published: December 2021

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АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ
Authors: Алешин В. В.
Published: December 2021

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МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЙ ПО АЛМАЗАМ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Беляев А. Е.
Published: December 2021

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МЕРЫ, ПРИНИМАЕМЫЕ ГОСУДАРСТВАМИ НА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЕ В ЦЕЛЯХ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ, ВЫТЕКАЮЩИХ ИЗ ДОГОВОРОВ ПО МГП, И РОЛЬ КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНОЙ СЛУЖБЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОМИТЕТА КРАСНОГО КРЕСТА (МККК
Authors: Апраксин Пьер
Published: December 2021

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ROBOT PENJELAJAH BERODA AUTONOMOUS
Authors: Fat Joni Fat , Sanderson Riski Sanderson
Published: December 2021

The wheeled robot design consists of various modules with their own functionalities. We chosethe components based on theirs specification, autonomous functionality, and in theirs prices. We assembledthese components as modules. The modules in this design are power supply module, processing modulewhich is used ATMega 328 microcontroller, distance sensor module, line sensor module, wirelesscommunication module, motor driver module and actuator module which is used DC motor. Systemperformance indicated with: Able to follow square, triangle, synes conture and stopping ability. Experimentshawed that all of the modules worked as design. The robot could navigate according to contoursautonomously. We tested by using a display module. We gave inputs and then feeded to processing modulethrough bluetooth. From the experiment, it can be concluded that the robot which was using wall followingmethod could be controlled well. The PID controller performed well so the navigation could be stable. Thestable condition was achieved under 3 seconds. But the performance criteria had not been achieved becausethe maximum overshoot was 41.2% which was far from the limit of 10%.
KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL CAMPURAN BIOSOLAR DAN BIODIESEL MINYAK BIJI RANDU (CEIBA PENTANDRA)
Authors: Kharis Nofal Kharis , Sutjahjono Hary Sutjahjono , Setyawan Digdo Listyadi , Ilminnafik Nasrul Ilminnafik
Published: December 2021

Research involving thermal characteristics of mixture of biodiesel from kapok (ceibapentandra) and biosolar has been conducted. Biosolar and biodiesel mixed with 5 different composition:B0 (100% biodiesel), B10 (10% biodiesel), B20, B30, and B100 (100% biodiesel). Laboratory experimentwas conducted to obtain several fuel characteristics: heating value, flash point, density, and viscosity.Biosolar is evaporated at a temperature of 120°C and then the steam is flowed to a bunsen burner with afixed discharge (2 ml/minute) and mixed with air in the equivalent ratio variation (φ) 0.8; 1; and 1,2 andturned on. The resulting flame was recorded with the camera and an analysis of the flame was carriedout. Thermal characteristics of this biodiesel have properties in accordance with biosolar standards ofPT Pertamina Indonesia. The heating value of biosolar is 10,602 cal/gram and biodiesel is 8,641cal/gram, and the mixture has heating value among them. As for the characteristics of the flame with highheat values, the core of the flame is covered in blue which shows the highest heat value.
The Impact of Edge Correlations in Random Networks
Authors:   Department of Computer Science The University of Texas at Dallas, Faragó András
Published: December 2021

Random graphs are frequently used models of real-life random networks. The classical Erdös–Rényi random graph model is very well explored and has numerous nontrivial properties. In particular, a good number of important graph parameters that are hard to compute in the deterministic case often become much easier in random graphs. However, a fundamental restriction in the Erdös–Rényi random graph is that the edges are required to be probabilistically independent. This is a severe restriction, which does not hold in most real-life networks. We consider more general random graphs in which the edges may be dependent. Specifically, two models are analyzed. The first one is called a p-robust random graph. It is defined by the requirement that each edge exist with probability at least p, no matter how we condition on the presence/absence of other edges. It is significantly more general than assuming independent edges existing with probability p, as exemplified via several special cases. The second model considers the case when the edges are positively correlated, which means that the edge probability is at least p for each edge, no matter how we condition on the presence of other edges (but absence is not considered). We prove some interesting, nontrivial properties about both models.
Risk and trust using mHealth application
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan , Kurniawan Deden , Imaningsih Erna Sofriana , Samudro Amzad
Published: December 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in active users of the mHealth application as a doctor’s teleconsultation transaction, drug purchases, and other test services, especially the COVID-19 test service on a drive-thru basis, has increased significantly. The trend of health app user behavior indicates the importance of health. To reveal this phenomenon, the approach used is descriptive-quantitative with SEM-PLS analysis method using SmartPLS software. This finding is to make an important contribution for stakeholders that the main consideration factors for consumers intending to use mHealth application are risk and trust. The consequences for high risk are not proportional to the trust in the application, but when the trust as a mediator can lead to a positive attitude from consumers on the risk that will be accepted as a concrete action to use it. In the end, consumers’ strong trust reflects their behavior towards their intention to use the mHealth application.
Identifikasi Objek/Produk untuk Proses Stock Taking Barang menggunakan Konsep Object Recognition
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammad Nashir , Muttaqin Prafajar Sukssesanno , Prasetio Murman Dwi , Novitasari Nia
Published: December 2021

Aktivitas pemeriksaan persediaan atau Stock-taking merupakan aktivitas pemeriksaan barang manual oleh petugas gudang yang dilakukan secara rutin pada aktivitas pergudangan. Aktivitas ini berfungsi untuk menentukan akurasi persediaan dan mengetahui kondisi persediaan sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko kehilangan, kerusakan, dan keausan persediaan. Aktivitas pemeriksaan persediaan termasuk aktivitas yang memerlukan biaya dan waktu yang besar. Selain itu, aktivitas ini juga tak luput dari kesalahan manusia karena aktivitas pengecekan merupakan aktivitas yang membutuhkan ketelitian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi objek atau produk yang bertujuan untuk menggantikan pemeriksaan manual manusia sehingga proses pemeriksaan jenis dan jumlah barang dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan presisi. Pengolahan citra digital berbentuk Object Recognition digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk menentukan jenis objek dan jumlah objek. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat deteksi produk tunggal mencapai 90% yang dipengaruhi oleh sudut pengambilan gambar dan tingkat deteksi jumlah objek tunggal mencapai > 81% dengan tingkat pencahayaan yang normal dan sudut pengambilan gambar yang ideal. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem ini, biaya untuk aktivitas pemeriksaan persediaan dan aktivitas pergudangan secara umum dapat ditekan sehingga efisiensi dan efektivitas dapat dicapai.
Propuesta sostenible de especies maderables prioritarias del bosque andino amazónico, distrito de Molinopampa, Región Amazonas
Authors: Oliva Mario
Published: December 2021

El trabajo de investigación se realizó en el área de conservación privada bosque de palmeras, uno de los últimos remanentes del bosque andino amazónico ubicado en el distrito de Molinopampa, el objetivo de estudio fue contribuir con una propuesta sostenible para especies maderables prioritarias, que facilite la gestión sostenible del bosque andino amazónico como principal fuente de abastecimiento de recursos forestales en el distrito de Molinopampa, región Amazonas. El estudio se inició mediante la priorización participativa de especies, lo cual permitió priorizar tres especies maderables nativas (aliso, cedro e ishpingo) del bosque de palmeras, sobre esta base se procedió con la etapa de selección fenotípica de árboles superiores distribuidos en poblaciones naturales, a este nivel logrando seleccionar un total de 97 árboles superiores (35 de alisos, 32 de cedro e 30 de ishpingo) como fuente de material genético para el proceso de propagación vegetativa; los árboles seleccionados fueron sometidos a manejo silvicultural para obtener rebrotes juveniles y estos asu vez sometidos a propagación vegetativa utilizando cámaras de sub irrigación, luego los plantones clonales obtenidos fueron instalados y evaluados en un jardín multiclonal estableciendo una miniplantación por cada especie, por último la evaluación de la propuesta desarrollada determinó un índice de sostenibilidad de 5,08, influenciados por los indicadores económicos, sociales y ambientales.
Redefining Slough: A New Classification System to Improve Wound Bed Assessment and Management
Authors: McGuire James , Nasser Jacob
Published: December 2021

Management of the wound bed to optimize healing accounts for a large portion of the considerable cost of wound management in the United States. Slough is a term that most clinicians use every day but is one that few truly understand. Most clinicians use slough to refer to any yellowish material noted on the wound surface. If the material is not red or black, it is classified as slough. In this article, new terminology and a clinically useful classification system for the various forms of slough are presented with the goal of helping clinicians better describe the wound bed appearance and choose appropriate interventions to maximize wound healing.
Topical Administration of an Ointment Prepared From Satureja sahendica Essential Oil Accelerated Infected Full-Thickness Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model
Authors: Omarizadeh Khaled , Reza Farahpour Mohammad , Alipour Mahshid
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Satureja sahendica has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can have beneficial effects for decreasing inflammation in infected wounds. Objective. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an ointment prepared from S sahendica essential oil (SSO) on an infected wound model in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods. One full-thickness excisional skin wound was surgically created per animal and inoculated with 5 × 107 colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Following induction of the wound, the mice (N = 90) were treated with soft yellow paraffin (negative control, n = 18), mupirocin (positive control, n = 18) and 1%, 2%, and 4% SSO (n = 18 in each of the 3 groups). To determine the effect of the treatments on healing of an infected wound, the following factors were assessed: rate of the wound area, tissue bacterial count, histopathology, collagen biosynthesis, immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-4, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) on days 3, 7, and 14 after induction of the wound. Results. Topical administration of SSO shortened the inflammatory phase, accelerated cellular proliferation, and increased fibroblast distribution per 1 mm2, collagen deposition, and rapid reepithelialization in comparison with control animals (P <.05). The messenger RNA levels of IGF-1, IL-10, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-ß1, and CXCL-1 were remarkably increased, and IL-1ß level decreased (P <.05) in the treated animals compared with the control group (P <.05). The immunohistochemical analyses showed topical administration of SSO increased collagen biosynthesis in the treated group (P <.05). Conclusions. Topical administration of SSO shows evidence of accelerating wound healing by upregulating the expression of IGF-1, IL-10, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-ß, and CXCL-1; shortening the inflammatory stage; and promoting the proliferative phase.
Insight into the Binding Energetics of Targeted Reversible Covalent Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Awoonor-Williams Ernest
Published: December 2021

The main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an attractive therapeutic target for developing antivirals to combat COVID-19. Mpro is essential for the replication cycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, so inhibiting Mpro blocks a vital piece of the cell replication machinery of the virus. A promising strategy to disrupt the viral replication cycle is to design inhibitors that bind to the active site cysteine (Cys145) of the Mpro. Cysteine targeted covalent inhibitors are gaining traction in drug discovery owing to the benefits of improved potency and extended drug-target engagement. An interesting aspect of these inhibitors is that they can be chemically tuned to form a covalent, but reversible bond, with their targets of interest. Several small-molecule cysteine-targeting covalent inhibitors of the Mpro have been discovered—some of which are currently undergoing evaluation in early phase human clinical trials. Understanding the binding energetics of these inhibitors could provide new insights to facilitate the design of potential drug candidates against COVID-19. Motivated by this, we employed rigorous absolute binding free energy calculations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations to estimate the energetics of binding of some promising reversible covalent inhibitors of the Mpro. We find that the inclusion of enhanced sampling techniques such as replica-exchange algorithm in binding free energy calculations can improve the convergence of predicted non-covalent binding free energy estimates of inhibitors binding to the Mpro target. In addition, our results indicate that binding free energy calculations coupled with multiscale simulations can be a useful approach to employ in ranking covalent inhibitors to their targets. This approach may be valuable in prioritizing and refining covalent inhibitor compounds for lead discovery efforts against COVID-19 and future coronavirus infections.
Subjek Kolektif Novel Tentang Kamu Karya Tere Liye yang Mencerminkan Sejarah PKI: Kajian Strukturalisme Genetik Lucien Goldmann
Authors: Nurmalayani Ayu , Burhanuddin  , Mahyudi Johan
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan refleksi sejarah PKI dalam Novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Lie. Fokus pendeskripsiannya adalah subjek kolektif dalam novel yang mencerminkan sejarah PKI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan teori strukturalisme genetik. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode telaah dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode struktural genetik. Berdasarkan paparan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian diketahui bahwa subjek kolektif novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye yang mencerminkan peristiwa pemberontakan PKI, ada yang tergambar melalui unsur instrinsik, latar belakang pengarang, dan latar belakang sosial budaya tempat karya itu lahir. Disimpulkan bahwa (1) Subjek kolektif unsur instrinsik tampak pada penggunaan latar waktu, tempat, dan suasana/sosial. Latar waktu berupa pembrontakan PKI tahun 1948 dan 1965, latar tempat berupa lokasi pembantaian oleh PKI di Pabrik-pabrik tebu atau Loji-loji Kebun Tebu, dan latar suasana/sosial berupa hiruk pikuk dan pesta pora PKI saat pembantaian tokoh-tokoh agama; (2) Subjek kolektif latar belakang pengarang sebagai akuntan tergambar pada perjalanan tokoh Sri Ningsih dalam pengelola perusahaan dan penyusunan wasiatnya; dan (3) Subjek kolektif latar belakang sosial budaya tempat sastra itu lahir berupa penggunaan seni drama tradisional Ketoprak (dari Surakarta) dan Ludruk (dari Surabaya) sebagai media mempengaruhi masa.
Cerminan Karakter Orang Sasak dalam Naskah Indarjaya
Authors: Nuriadi
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini membahas cerminan karakter orang Sasak di dalam naskah Indarjaya Sasak. Penyajiannya dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teori strukturalisme dinamik sebagai pendekatan teoretisnya. Ditemukan enam karakter orang Sasak di dalam naskah Indarjaya, yaitu a. suka mengembara (ngambar); b. tekun (pacu/genem) mencari ilmu agama (sufisme); c. bersikap takzim dan berbahasa santun (tindih); d. kesatria atau pemberani(wanen/merang) demi harga diri; e. rendah hati; serta  f. ramah dan terbuka (gerasaq). Semua karakter yang ditemukan ini merupakan karakter baik yang selalu dijunjung tinggi dan dikedepankan oleh masyarakat Sasak. Karakter-karakter ini menjadi identitas dan kebanggaan orang Sasak yang dipandang sebagai pembeda atau sebuah kekhasan dibandingkan dengan suku-suku lain di Indonesia.
Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Talkshow Indonesia Lawyers Club
Authors: Islam Azanul , Burhanuddin  , Saharudin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis dan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi yang terdapat dalam Talkshow Indonesia Lawyers Club dengan tema “75 tahun Indonesia maju”. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan yang mengandung ilokusi yang diucapkan oleh pembawa acara dan narasumber pada acara Talkshow Indonesia Lawyers Club. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode simak bebas libat dan teknik catat, sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode padan ekstralingual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: jenis tindak tutur ilokusi yang ditemukan yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif, dan ekspresif. Fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi yang ditemukan yaitu: (1) fungsi memberitahukan, (2) menyimpulkan, (3) mengemukakan pendapat, (4) mengklaim, (5) mengajak, (6) meminta, (7) memerintah, (8) melarang, (9) menyarankan, (10) mengharapkan, (11) mengucapkan terima kasih, (12) meminta maaf, (13) menyalahkan, (14) mengkritik, (15) mengucapkan selamat, (16) memuji, (17) menyindir, (18) menjanjikan, (19) mengancam, (20) menolak, (21) bersumpah. Jenis tindak tutur yang paling dominan adalah tindak tutur jenis ekspresif, dan fungsi tindak tutur yang paling dominan adalah fungsi mengucapkan terima kasih.
Cerita Rakyat Kek Lesap sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Azmi Ullul
Published: December 2021

Cerita rakyat merupakan warisan sastra yang diwariskan secara turun temurun. Cerita rakyat dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk mewujudkan pendidikan karakter berbasis kearifan lokal, demikian juga dengan cerita rakyat Kek Lesap yang mengandung nilai kearifan lokal di dalamnya. Penelitian ini berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan objek nilai kerarifan lokal cerita rakyat Kek Lesap. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara dengan sesepuh di tokoh masyarakat dan sesepuh di daerah asal cerita rakyat Kek Lesap. Analisis data berpedoman pada model analisis mengalir dari Sutopo, yakni (1) pengumpulan data, (2) reduksi data, (3) penyajian data, dan (4) penarikan simpulan/verifikasi. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini, yakni nilai kearifan lokal dalam cerita rakyat Kek Lesap yang terwujud dalam karakter tokoh Lesap yakni, pantang menyerah, menghargai lingkungan, rela berkorban, berjiwa patriotik, toleran, dan kemanusiaan.
Modalitas dalam Bahasa Samawa Dialek Sumbawa Besar
Authors: Kasman
Published: December 2021

Bahasa Samawa sendiri memiliki empat dialek, yakni Dialek Sumbawa Besar, Taliwang, Jereweh, dan Tongo. Di antara keempat dialek tersebut, Bahasa Samawa Dialek Sumbawa Besar merupakan dialek standar. Penelitian ini menjadikan Bahasa Samawa Dialek Sumbawa Besar sebagai sasaran karena masih banyak sisi-sisi kebahasaan dari dialek standar ini yang perlu dikaji sebelum diajdikan sebagai muatan lokal di sekolah-sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis dan kaidah modalitas Bahasa Samawa DialekSumbawa Besar. Untuk kepentingan pengumpulan data penelitian, peneliti menerapkan atau menggunakan metode simak libat cakap, metode simak tak libat cakap, dan metode introspeksi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode padan intralingual. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa modalitas bahasa Samawa terdiri atas modalitas intensional yang dicirikan dengan kehadiran leksikon sate ‘ingin,’ rôa ‘mau,’ maksut ‘maksud,’ dan lain-lain. Modalitas epistemik dicirikan dengan kehadiran leksikon mungken ‘mungkin,’ bau bae ‘bisa jadi,’ bau ‘bisa.’ Modalitas deontik yang dicirikan dengan kehadiran leksikon isen ‘izin,’ beang isen ‘memberi izin,’ beang ôlaq ‘beri kesempatan.’ Modalitas dinamik yang dicirikan dengan kehadiran leksikon bauq ‘bisa,’ sanggup ‘sanggup,’ dan mampu ‘mampu.’ Modalitas aletis yang dicirikan dengan kehadiran leksikon perlu ‘perlu’ dan no rôa no ‘mau tidak mau.’
Bioreactance-guided fluid therapy for excision of a giant brain tumor in an infant under general anesthesia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Yao , Fan Ting
Published: December 2021

Pediatric patients are more likely to suffer from brain tumors. Surgical resection is often the optimal treatment. Perioperative management of pediatric brain tumor resection brings great challenges to anesthesiologists, especially for fluid therapy. In this case, the infant-patient was only 69-day-old, weighed 6 kg，but she was facing a gaint brain tumor (7.9 cm × 8.1 cm × 6.7 cm) excision. The infant was at great risks such as hemorrhagic shock, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, coagulation dysfunction, etc. However, we tried to use the parameters obtained by bioreactance-based NICOM® device (Cheetah Medical) to guide the infant’s intraoperative fluid therapy, and successfully avoided these complications and achieved a good prognosis.
Sleep‐based therapy: A new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cai Qing , Li Mengya , Li Qifang
Published: December 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a worldwide problem with no effective treatment. Patients usually die of respiratory failure. The basic pathological process of ALS is the degeneration and necrosis of motor neurons. Neuroglial cell dysfunction is considered closely related to the development of ALS. Sleep plays an important role in repairing the nervous system, and sleep disorders can worsen ALS. Herein, we review the pathogenesis of ALS and the neuroprotective mechanism of sleep‐based therapy. Sleep‐based therapy could be a potential strategy to treat ALS.
Architectural Models as a Base for Reliable Early Stage Energy Simulation
Authors:   , Steele Jack
Published: December 2021

Designers from the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries have shown a desire to allow for quantitative data to back up sustainable decision-making (Braasch, 2016). Methods and software used to reach this goal often do not provide all the information to make informed design decisions or require a complete remodelling of designs at each stage. These factors make Building Performance Simulation (BPS) feasible at early design stages, where it is most beneficial for Architects.  This thesis explores the current process to translate Architectural models constructed within a Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment into Building Energy Models (BEM) so that performance simulations can take place. Within the aim of exploring translation processes, the objectives were to document:  • Whether current processes can facilitate modelling of environmental building performance during early design, as well as during developed design?  • Whether there are any common problems or successful approaches that might form the basis of future improvements in the way Architect’s and consultant’s models work together?  This thesis has identified 19 translation processes from current literature and examined a range of representative processes for exchanging information between Architectural modelling and BPS programs. It concluded that translation issues can be classified into similar groups based on the overall processes used. The eight categories of issues can be used by future developers to determine their priorities in development, and those looking for a current solution can adopt one for themselves. None of the processes tested allowed for issue-free modelling of building performance during sketch design.  The two types of building translation schema evaluated in this thesis divided identified references between a dedicated and generalised approach. The dedicated approach of gbXML and the generic approach of IFC identified similar issues; however, IFC contained more of these problems because it communicates with all modelling programs at a lower information quality. Due to the generic approaches containing more issues that take longer to solve, it is currently more complicated to generate an energy model out of IFC data. While the gbXML schema can only provide benefits for BPS related translations, it is the most viable way to provide the service.
From Print to Proposal: Exploring the Urban and Cultural Possibilities of Hataitai
Authors:   , Faulkner Ariana
Published: December 2021

I am interested in the synergy between art and architecture. Art is typically graphic and architecture is typically spatial. This research investigates how an exploration of both graphic and spatial techniques might inform architecture.  I explore this synergy between graphic and spatial within the context of Hataitai, Wellington. This suburb has the opportunity to grow, physically and socially. This research proposes a Continuing Education Centre that promotes a new cultural hub. This proposal responds to the suburb’s car-dependent nature and aims to enhance Hataitai’s cultural resilience  What graphic and spatial opportunities does architecture offer to improve pedestrian infrastructure and enhance cultural resilience?  I use the design proposal as a vehicle to investigate how art-led experimentation could influence the architectural language and design. I use printmaking as a creative starting point to explore the possibilities of art-led experimentation. From the prints, I investigate the ambiguity of depth and flatness, I then develop experimentation through physical modelling, hand drawing and digital modelling. The resulting design expands a weakly-defined pedestrian network and enriches the cultural fabric through an architectural language that explores both spatial and graphic overlaps.
The Making of Minjian: Yi Sha's Poetics and Poetry Activities
Authors:   , Liang Yujing
Published: December 2021

This thesis investigates and critiques the notion of minjian through a case study of Yi Sha 伊沙 (b. 1966), a key figure of Chinese minjian poetry since its emergence in the 1990s. The term minjian became a focal point during the Panfeng Polemic in 1999, a most significant event in the history of contemporary Chinese poetry, when minjian was adopted to name one of the rivalling poetry groups and triggered an influential debate that shaped the contour of contemporary Chinese poetry in the ensuing decade. Minjian became a prevailing keyword on the Chinese poetry scene of the 2000s and inspired numerous unofficial poetry groups both in print and online. Though the term was frequently evoked and widely discussed, its connotations remained uncertain. Through my study of Yi Sha’s poetry and poetry activities, I identify two major elements of minjian: colloquial poetics and unofficial stance. Both elements harken back to the classical tradition and had long manifested in contemporary Chinese poetry, yet it was not until the Panfeng Polemic when they were explicitly joined together to defend and define a group that was to be called the minjian poets. Yi Sha rose to prominence after the Panfeng Polemic and became an outstanding representative minjian poet largely responsible for the ‘making’ of minjian into a literary and cultural phenomenon. By combining discourse analysis with a critical biography of the poet, this research demonstrates the complex relationship that minjian poetry has with China’s cultural establishment, the literary avant-garde, and world literature. I argue that Yi Sha’s minjian is both a political stance and an aesthetic choice, with broad cultural and ideological repercussions; understanding the concept of minjian is imperative to the understanding of contemporary Chinese poetry.
Representing a Relationship: The use of metadata to represent the relationship between physical objects and their digital surrogates
Authors:   , Jamieson Laura
Published: December 2021

Digital collections are increasingly prominent in museums as born-digital material is acquired by institutions, and digital surrogates of physical items are created through digital imaging, digitisation, and reformatting projects. These digital collections are a significant development in museums and a useful tool, particularly for access. When a digital surrogate is created of a physical object, they have an inherent connection to one another. Representing this relationship is important for museums in order to provide context for their collection items. These types of relationships also occur across physical formats, and the consequence of a breakdown in this relationship has been shown in the literature to lead to a loss of context. However, it is unclear how the relationship a physical object has with its digital surrogate is represented in the metadata. Current literature on digital collections only briefly explores existing relationships between digital and physical collections and provides no framework for best practice in a museum context.  This thesis examines how metadata is used to represent the relationship between a physical object and its digital surrogate at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The research involved a single-site case study, with interviews and documentary research which were thematically analysed. This thesis shows how the relationship between physical and digital objects are primarily represented at Te Papa through the collection management system’s structure, with some metadata elements representing the relationship incidentally. It also shows that there are differing worldviews and perspectives across the GLAM domains in the language and the drivers of digitisation.  This research serves as a snapshot of current practice at one institution and encourages further research to better understand the long-term implications of this and other approaches. For museums, understanding how the relationship between physical objects and digital surrogates is currently being represented through metadata could help support professional practice for both types of collections, ensure the relationship is maintained, and help support existing and future digital interventions in museums.
Bee Positive: Design for Awareness
Authors:   , Lubomudrov Maria
Published: December 2021

This thesis aims to create a museum dedicated to awareness, research, and education, in an attempt to preserve the declining bee population. It focuses on the Native Bees of New Zealand in conjunction with introduced bees. The architectural design intention for the bee museum aims to encapsulate the life and biology of the bee through an informative experience of current issues, by delving into the current world in which bees exist, as well as an ephemeral architectural expression based on organic elements occurring in nature. The aim is to adhere to an emotional as well as a cognitive human response for the sake of forming an empathetic connection between the occupier and the architectural subject.  This has the potential to aid the bee population through a captivating and informative design, raising further awareness as to what the issue is and how it can potentially be resolved through public initiative. The promotion of bee conservation in New Zealand may have a prospective ecological impact on a national scale and may subsequently have the potential to work as an example for other countries in their approach to this global concern.
In Pursuit of Visibility: Queer Space Approach to Community Architecture in Jamaica
Authors:   , St Juste Maya
Published: December 2021

Public space is a site of contestation where people enact their identities and exercise their citizenship. Often non-conforming individuals and communities are not given this opportunity, existing solely on the fringes of these spaces. Queer, especially Trans-identified, people are members of multi-marginalised groups grappling with the realities of discrimination in Jamaica’s (public) spaces. This thesis will explore queer spaces, specifically, how architecture can be used to create safe spaces for the inclusion of the displaced Trans* youth of Jamaica. While queer space has been explored conceptually in architecture, there is now a pressing need to bring physicality to this corporeal subject. How can the experience of this community be translated into architectural expression? Playing on the theme of visibility, this research aims to develop a design of physical space through the analysis of various visual media, along with other experimental participatory design techniques. With input from members of the community, the architectural intervention will remain relevant to its target user community and grounded in its users’ Jamaican context.
Will You Run? The Development of a Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Absconding from Secure Youth Justice Residences
Authors:   , Wood Jesse
Published: December 2021

Absconding, or escaping, from usually state-based custody is a growing problem in different settings across the world, including New Zealand’s secure youth justice residences. This thesis provides an in-depth review of absconding from Oranga Tamariki’s secure youth justice residences in New Zealand, providing important insight that will be useful in preventing absconding in the future. A review of the international and New Zealand absconding literature was conducted looking at the risk and protective factors associated with absconding risk. From this, a coding framework of absconding related factors was developed, and then applied to historic absconding incident reports and interviews with Oranga Tamariki staff members. These were analysed to confirm potential absconding risk or protective factors and identify any new factors. Results fell into four key categories: individual (e.g. previous absconding history), relational (e.g. avoidance goals), contextual risk factors (e.g. significant life stressors), and protective factors (e.g. positive staff relationships). Several implications and conclusions were drawn from the findings. Absconding factors identified in international research were also present in the current research adding weight to these as potential risk and protective factors in a New Zealand context (Martin et al., 2018; Powers et al., 2018; Pyrooz, 2012). Novel absconding related factors were identified which were not found in the extant literature, such as planning indications, ringleaders, and hope. The reasons young people abscond are complex and individual, however, they abscond for reasons that make sense—often as a coping strategy—and thus are identifiable. By identifying these underlying reasons, it is possible to intervene and reduce their absconding motivations. A preliminary risk assessment tool aimed at doing this, was created for Oranga Tamariki use, incorporating factors drawn from the current research and the wider literature.
Parameter Space Mapping for Blood Oxygenation Measurement with Low Field NMR
Authors:   , Thomas Dion
Published: December 2021

Blood oxygenation is a critical physiological parameter for patient health. The clinical importance of this parameter means that measurement of blood oxygenation is a routine part of care. Magnetic resonance provides a way to measure blood oxygenation through the paramagnetic effect of deoxy-haemoglobin, which decreases the T2 relaxation time of blood. This effect has been well characterised at high fields (>1:5 T) for use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and it is a contributing factor to the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent contrast used in functional MRI. However there are relatively few studies of this effect at low magnetic fields, and these have only looked at extreme levels of oxygenation/deoxygenation. To study this effect for potential application in a low-field device, we measured this effect to determine how factors such as oxygenation, field strength and CPMG echo time affect the T2 of blood.

A continuous flow circuit, similar to a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, was used to control parameters such as oxygen saturation and temperature, before the blood sample flowed into a variable field magnet (set at fields between 5-40 MHz), where a series of CPMG experiments with echo times ranging from 1 ms to 20 ms were performed to measure the T2. Additionally, the oxygen saturation was continually monitored by an optical sensor, for comparison with the T2 changes. This allowed us to test the sensitivity of this effect at low fields.

These results show that at low fields, the T2 relaxation change still follows the trends shown in the literature, with a dependence on B0 squared, and on the fraction of deoxyhaemoglobin squared. Additionally, these results were also compared with two theoretical models for the dependence on echo time, which have previously been tested at high fields: the Luz-Meiboom equation, and the Jensen and Chandra model. Both models gave good agreement with the data measured at low fields. These experiments show that the T2 changes in blood due to oxygenation are still visible at low field, and that this technique should be feasible in a low field device.
Feasibility Study Examining the Association between Gut Microbiota and Immune Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Adults
Authors:   , Shortt Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Research into the effect of the gut microbiota on host immune response is continuing to shed new light on the underappreciated role of the microbiota in human health. Recent research using mice has shown that the microbiota is critical to the host immune response to influenza infection. Whilst there is great variation in the human gut microbiota, classifications called stool community types can be used to classify individuals based on the abundance of major bacterial taxa.  The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using the study protocol for a large randomised controlled trial.  Healthy adult participants (n=125) aged 18 to 64 were recruited from the general population and vaccinated with the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. Participants were followed up over a period of six months, during which time, both stool and blood samples were collected. Blood samples were collected at Day Zero, Three, Seven, 28 and 180 to measure immune response. The immune response to vaccination was measured by HAI antibody titres at Day Zero and Day 28. Stool samples were collected at Day Zero and Day 28 to assign participants to one of the four stool community types and assess stability over time. Stool samples were assigned to stool community types using the proportions of major taxa present. The association between stool community type and either post vaccination HAI titre, seroconversion rates or seroprotection rates was also assessed.  The results obtained in this study supported the feasibility of a large randomised controlled trial using the study protocol. The study demonstrated a high participant retention rate (97.6%; 95% CI = 93.1% to 99.5%), as well as high participant adherence to the study protocol and good success obtaining the required blood and stool samples.
Navigating the Coalface: Religion, State, Pacific Communities and Family Violence in New Zealand
Authors:   , Searell Jake
Published: December 2021

This thesis examines how the New Zealand state (e.g. government ministries and departments, government-funded social welfare NGOs, and the justice system) engages with religion as it addresses issues of family violence within Pacific Island communitiesin New Zealand. In so doing, I trace the contours of an amorphous New Zealand state secularism. Through an analysis of policy documents, I show that religion has been largely occluded instatefamily violence initiatives. However, through interviews with Pacific Islanders who work at the coalface between the state, Pacific communities,and family violence issues, I show that while they do encounter an implicit and pervasive ‘wall of separation’ between the secular and the religious, they have also found ways to navigate these boundaries through their own strategies. Such strategies are both inevitable and necessary. Because religion is interwoven with family violence in Pacific communitiesin nuanced ways, I argue that sidelining or ignoring religion reduces the effectiveness of state interventions. I show that secularism, expressed in relation to family violence in Pacific communities, has further marginalised those communities, and Pacific women especially. Instead, I propose a more pragmatic approach, one which seeks to address Pacific communities more fully on their own terms. If the New Zealand state wants to successfully engage Pacific communities on issues of family violence, and work toward solutions to these issues, it must also collaborate alongside Pacific churches and faith-based actors.
Te Tiriti in Conversation: A Qualitative Approach to Biculturalism and Multiculturalism in Aotearoa
Authors:   , Ritchie Tyler
Published: December 2021

Aotearoa is a unique context with complex relationships between many cultural groups. As a result, there are various perspectives on whether society in Aotearoa should adopt biculturalism or multiculturalism to ensure cultural cohesion. This thesis examines the perspectives of two minority groups on this issue by discussing these two cultural approaches with indigenous Māori and migrant groups. Focus groups were held with ten Māori and twelve migrant participants. Participants were asked questions about what biculturalism and multiculturalism mean, how these systems operate in participants lives, and how Aotearoa should develop in regard to these systems. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and pool responses, with five themes identified: biculturalism, multiculturalism, generational changes, sustainability, and identity. Using these themes to help unpack how participants navigate life in Aotearoa, I conclude by discussing whether Aotearoa should be formally identifying as bicultural or multicultural, what a “New Zealand” national identity is to minority citizens, and how immigration policy could be shaped to better fit the ideals of our indigenous and “newest” New Zealanders.
Suspicious Minds: The Link Between Stress and Perceptions of Agency
Authors:   , Meier Jeremy
Published: December 2021

How do we perceive other minds? Research shows that people intuitively think about other minds in terms of two dimensions: agency (the capacity to think and act) and experience (the capacity to sense and feel). Perceiving a mind in another entity can alter how people interact it because mind perception implies moral status. There is evidence that stress alters the treatment of others, including contributing to dehumanization (the failure to perceive a humanlike mind in another person), but the effect of stress on mind perception is unknown. Based on previous research about the effects of stress on psychological phenomena related to the dimensions of agency and experience, I hypothesized that stress increases perceptions of agency and reduces perceptions of experience. To test these hypotheses, I conducted four studies combining two different measures of mind perception and two different methodological approaches. The results were inconsistent from one study to the next, but a tentative pattern emerged when taking all studies together. Participants who reported high levels of pre-existing stress tended to perceive more agency across a range of different entities, while inducing stress in the laboratory caused participants to attribute agency more readily to inanimate human faces. These results were weak and inconsistent, but they suggest that stress might increase perceptions of agency. The results for experience were inconclusive. I discuss some possible implications of my findings for mind perception and morality.