bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Cognitive Impairment Among Older Participants in a Nationally Representative Internet Panel
Authors: Gatz Margaret , Schneider Stefan , Meijer Erik , Darling Jill E , Orriens Bart , Liu Ying , Kapteyn Arie
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The Health and Retirement Study Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (HRS TICS) score and its associated Langa–Weir cutoffs are widely used as indicators of cognitive status for research purposes in population-based studies. The classification is based on in-person and phone interviews of older individuals. Our purpose was to develop a corresponding classification for web-based self-administered assessments.

Methods

Participants were 925 members of a nationally representative internet panel, all aged 50 and older. We conducted (a) a phone interview comprised of cognitive items used to construct the HRS TICS score, and (b) a web counterpart with self-administered cognitive items, while also considering (c) other already administered web-based cognitive tests and instrumental activities of daily living survey questions, all from the same respondents.

Results

The web-administered HRS TICS items have only modest correlations with the same phone items, although neither mode showed universally higher scores than the other. Using latent variable modeling, we created a probability of cognitive impairment score for the web-based battery that achieved good correspondence to the phone Langa–Weir classification.

Discussion

The results permit analyses of predictors, correlates, and consequences of cognitive impairment in web surveys where relevant cognitive test and functional abilities items are available. We discuss challenges and caveats that may affect the findings.
Trans-ancestry, Bayesian meta-analysis discovers 20 novel risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease in an African American, East Asian and European cohort
Authors: Cordero Roberto Y , Cordero Jennifer B , Stiemke Andrew B , Datta Lisa W , Buyske Steven , Kugathasan Subra , McGovern Dermot P B , Brant Steven R , Simpson Claire L
Published: October 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic intestinal disorder with major phenotypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Multiple studies have identified over 240 IBD susceptibility loci. However, most studies have centered on European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) populations. The prevalence of IBD in non-EUR, including African Americans (AAs), has risen in recent years. Here we present the first attempt to identify loci in AAs using a trans-ancestry Bayesian approach (MANTRA) accounting for heterogeneity between diverse ancestries while allowing for the similarity between closely related populations. We meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Immunochip data from a 2015 EUR meta-analysis of 38 155 IBD cases and 48 485 controls and EAS Immunochip study of 2824 IBD cases and 3719 controls, and our recent AA IBD GWAS of 2345 cases and 5002 controls. Across the major IBD phenotypes, we found significant evidence for 92% of 205 loci lead SNPs from the 2015 meta-analysis, but also for three IBD loci only established in latter studies. We detected 20 novel loci, all containing immunity-related genes or genes with other evidence for IBD or immune-mediated disease relevance: PLEKHG5;TNFSFR25 (encoding death receptor 3, receptor for TNFSF15 gene product TL1A), XKR6, ELMO1, BC021024;PI4KB;PSMD4 and APLP1 for IBD; AUTS2, XKR6, OSER1, TET2;AK094561, BCAP29 and APLP1 for CD; and GABBR1;MOG, DQ570892, SPDEF;ILRUN, SMARCE1;CCR7;KRT222;KRT24;KRT25, ANKS1A;TCP11, IL7, LRRC18;WDFY4, XKR6 and TNFSF4 for UC. Our study highlights the value of combining low-powered genomic studies from understudied populations of diverse ancestral backgrounds together with a high-powered study to enable novel locus discovery, including potentially important therapeutic IBD gene targets.
Temperature and upwelling dynamics drive market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) distribution and abundance in the California Current
Authors: Suca Justin J , Santora Jarrod A , Field John C , Curtis K Alexandra , Muhling Barbara A , Cimino Megan A , Hazen Elliott L , Bograd Steven J
Published: October 2022

Market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) constitute one of California’s largest fisheries by landings and are an essential prey item for numerous top predators in the California Current ecosystem. However, extreme fluctuations in market squid abundance inhibit our ability to forecast local recruitment. We generate a species distribution model for market squid with data from an annual survey to examine the mechanisms behind the variability in their regional abundance and occurrence. Our results indicate juvenile market squid abundance was controlled by local recruitment in connection with sea surface temperature and upwelling dynamics, with finer spatial variability connected to the extent of upwelling dominated regions. Recent changes in these environmental factors also appear to contribute to the recent northward range expansion of market squid. Our spatiotemporally explicit model estimates of juvenile market squid abundance predicted the occurrence and abundance of older market squid in the diet of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and California fishery landings with as much skill as regional survey indices, suggesting the models are robust. Collectively, we provide mechanisms driving market squid variability throughout California’s waters and an ecosystem assessment of this economically and ecologically critical species.
Population projections of Pacific sardine driven by ocean warming and changing food availability in the California Current
Authors: Koenigstein Stefan , Jacox Michael G , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Fiechter Jerome , Muhling Barbara A , Brodie Stephanie , Kuriyama Peter T , Auth Toby D , Hazen Elliott L , Bograd Steven J , Tommasi Desiree
Published: October 2022

Small pelagic fish are important marine ecosystem components and highly variable fisheries resources. In the California Current upwelling system, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) has supported important fisheries in the past, but contrary to expectations, remains at low biomass despite recent warm ocean conditions. We developed a data-driven, process-based population model that reproduces fluctuations of the US Pacific sardine population based on ocean temperature, early life stage and adult food, and upwelling strength. The lack of sardine recovery after 2014 can be explained by reduced food availability. Ensemble projections for the 21st century driven by downscaled ocean-biogeochemical simulations under three Earth system models (ESMs) show a likely recovery to early 2000s sardine abundance and catch by mid-century, due to increased recruitment. Ecological process uncertainty (ensemble configuration range) is of the same magnitude as uncertainty among ESM projections, and uncertainty related to the thermal optimum of early life stages dominates after 2070. Even for a fish species presumably favoured by warmer conditions, future climate projections entail risks of stock declines in food-limited years and when passing unknown thermal optima. Quantification of combined environmental driver impacts and sources of uncertainty to projections under novel conditions open new pathways for environment-responsive fisheries management strategies.
Acoustic disturbance in blue mussels: sound-induced valve closure varies with pulse train speed but does not affect phytoplankton clearance rate
Authors: Hubert Jeroen , Moens Rosalie , Witbaard Rob , Slabbekoorn Hans
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic sound has increasingly become part of the marine soundscape and may negatively affect animals across all taxa. Invertebrates, including bivalves, received limited attention even though they make up a significant part of the marine biomass and are very important for higher trophic levels. Behavioural studies are critical to evaluate individual and potentially population-level impacts of noise and can be used to compare the effects of different sounds. In the current study, we examined the effect of impulsive sounds with different pulse rates on the valve gape behaviour and phytoplankton clearance rate of blue mussels (Mytilus spp.). We monitored the mussels’ valve gape using an electromagnetic valve gape monitor and their clearance rate using spectrophotometry of phytoplankton densities in the water. We found that the mussels’ valve gape was positively correlated with their clearance rate, but the sound exposure did not significantly affect the clearance rate or reduce the valve gape of the mussels. They did close their valves upon the onset of a pulse train, but the majority of the individuals recovered to pre-exposure valve gape levels during the exposure. Individuals that were exposed to faster pulse trains returned to their baseline valve gape faster. Our results show that different sound exposures can affect animals differently, which should be taken into account for noise pollution impact assessments and mitigation measures.
A review on the research progress of mechanical meta-structures and their applications in rail transit
Authors: Zhang Linli , Sheng Xiaozhen
Published: October 2022

Due to their light weight and excellent performance on vibration and noise control, novel mechanical meta-structures are exhibiting increasingly extensive application prospects in engineering. The structures also have great potential to meet the development requirements of high safety, light weight, and low noise in the field of rail transit. Mechanical meta-structures include acoustic black holes, phononic crystals, and mechanical/acoustic metamaterials, with which special mechanical properties that are not available to traditional structures can be achieved through innovative design of the structural units. In this paper, the fundamental properties and research progress of these meta-structures are described and their prospective use in the rail transit field are explored based on their applications on vibration control and noise reduction. It is hoped that this paper can provide some useful references for relevant researchers and engineers.
EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella
Authors: Blair Jessica M A , Siasat Pauline , McNeil Helen E , Colclough Abigail , Ricci Vito , Lawler Amelia J , Abdalaal Hind , Buckner Michelle M C , Baylay Alison , Busby Stephen J , Piddock Laura J V
Published: October 2022

Background

Resistance nodulation division (RND) family efflux pumps, including the major pump AcrAB-TolC, are important mediators of intrinsic and evolved antibiotic resistance. Expression of these pumps is carefully controlled by a network of regulators that respond to different environmental cues. EnvR is a TetR family transcriptional regulator encoded upstream of the RND efflux pump acrEF.

Methods

Binding of EnvR protein upstream of acrAB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and the phenotypic consequence of envR overexpression on antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm motility and invasion of eukaryotic cells in vitro was measured. Additionally, the global transcriptome of clinical Salmonella isolates overexpressing envR was determined by RNA-Seq.

Results

EnvR bound to the promoter region upstream of the genes coding for the major efflux pump AcrAB in Salmonella, inhibiting transcription and preventing production of AcrAB protein. The phenotype conferred by overexpression of envR mimicked deletion of acrB as it conferred multidrug susceptibility, decreased motility and decreased invasion into intestinal cells in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrate the clinical relevance of this regulatory mechanism because RNA-Seq revealed that a drug-susceptible clinical isolate of Salmonella had low acrB expression even though expression of its major regulator RamA was very high; this was caused by very high EnvR expression.

Conclusions

In summary, we show that EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella, and can override binding by RamA so preventing MDR to clinically useful drugs. Finding novel tools to increase EnvR expression may form the basis of a new way to prevent or treat MDR infections.
Algorithmic lifestyle optimization
Authors: Eetemadi Ameen , Tagkopoulos Ilias
Published: October 2022

Objective

A hallmark of personalized medicine and nutrition is to identify effective treatment plans at the individual level. Lifestyle interventions (LIs), from diet to exercise, can have a significant effect over time, especially in the case of food intolerances and allergies. The large set of candidate interventions, make it difficult to evaluate which intervention plan would be more favorable for any given individual. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for rapid identification of favorable LIs for a given individual.

Materials and methods

We have developed a method, algorithmic lifestyle optimization (ALO), for rapid identification of effective LIs. At its core, a group testing algorithm identifies the effectiveness of each intervention efficiently, within the context of its pertinent group.

Results

Evaluations on synthetic and real data show that ALO is robust to noise, data size, and data heterogeneity. Compared to the standard of practice techniques, such as the standard elimination diet (SED), it identifies the effective LIs 58.9%–68.4% faster when used to discover an individual’s food intolerances and allergies to 19–56 foods.

Discussion

ALO achieves its superior performance by: (1) grouping multiple LIs together optimally from prior statistics, and (2) adapting the groupings of LIs from the individual’s subsequent responses. Future extensions to ALO should enable incorporating nutritional constraints.

Conclusion

ALO provides a new approach for the discovery of effective interventions in nutrition and medicine, leading to better intervention plans faster and with less inconvenience to the patient compared to SED.
A horizontal and vertical crossover cuckoo search: optimizing performance for the engineering problems
Authors: Su Hang , Zhao Dong , Yu Fanhua , Heidari Ali Asghar , Xu Zhangze , Alotaibi Fahd S , Mafarja Majdi , Chen Huiling
Published: October 2022

As science and technology advance, more engineering-type problems emerge. Technology development has likewise led to an increase in the complexity of optimization problems, and the need for new optimization techniques has increased. The swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is popular among researchers as a flexible, gradient-independent optimization method. The cuckoo search (CS) algorithm in the population intelligence algorithm has been widely used in various fields as a classical optimization algorithm. However, the current CS algorithm can no longer satisfy the performance requirements of the algorithm for current optimization problems. Therefore, in this paper, an improved CS algorithm based on a crossover optimizer (CC) and decentralized foraging (F) strategy is proposed to improve the search ability and the ability to jump out of the local optimum of the CS algorithm (CCFCS). Then, in order to verify the performance of the algorithm, this paper demonstrates the performance of CCFCS from six perspectives: core parameter setting, balance analysis of search and exploitation, the impact of introduced strategies, the impact of population dimension, and comparison with classical algorithms and similar improved algorithms. Finally, the optimization effect of CCFCS on real engineering problems is tested by five classic cases of engineering optimization. According to the experimental results, CCFCS has faster convergence and higher solution quality in the algorithm performance test and maintains the same excellent performance in engineering applications.
Information processing on smartphones in public versus private
Authors: Ohme Jakob , Searles Kathleen , de Vreese Claes H
Published: October 2022

People increasingly turn to news on mobile devices, often while out and about, attending to daily tasks. Yet, we know little about whether attention to and learning from information on a mobile differs by the setting of use. This study builds on Multiple Resource Theory (Wickens, 1984) and the Resource Competition Framework (Oulasvirta et al., 2005) to compare visual attention to a dynamic newsfeed, varying only the setting: private or public. We use mobile eye-tracking to evaluate the effects of setting on attention and assess correspondent learning differences after exposure to the feed, which allows us to uncover a relationship between attention and learning. Findings indicate higher visual attention to mobile newsfeed posts in public, relative to a private setting. Moreover, scrolling through news on a smartphone in public attenuates some knowledge gain but is beneficial for other learning outcomes.
Social Benefits and Private Costs of Driving Restriction Policies: The Impact of Madrid Central on Congestion, Pollution, and Consumer Spending
Authors: Galdon-Sanchez Jose Enrique , Gil Ricard , Holub Felix , Uriz-Uharte Guillermo
Published: October 2022

Low Emission Zones are defined areas within a city where driving restrictions are introduced with the aim to reduce pollution, but they may also unintentionally distort consumer spending decisions. By increasing transportation costs to ban-affected areas, driving restrictions could discourage spending in stores of those areas. This paper empirically evaluates the effects of a driving restriction regulation in Madrid, Spain, known as Madrid Central. First, using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find an immediate decrease of 19% in pollution and of 16% in congestion with pollution dropping further once fines were levied. Second, we rely on credit card transaction data to show consumers affected by the regulation reduced their brick-and-mortar spending in the regulated area by 21%. Finally, because affected consumers partially substitute their consumption spending from brick-and-mortar to online shopping, we find suggestive evidence that e-commerce may smooth the impact of changes in transportation costs due to environmental regulations.
Nyssomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) Activity From Sunset to Sunrise: A Two-Year Study in a Rural Area in Northeast Argentina
Authors: Fernández María S , Cueto Gerardo R , Manteca-Acosta Mariana , Salomón Oscar D
Published: October 2022

We model the nocturnal patterns of the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna) in the Paranaense region of South America, Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho). Occurrence and abundance variation were analyzed by hourly periods, and in relation to sunrise and sunset to avoid differences in luminosity at fixed times throughout the year. The possible role of climatic and environmental variables on nocturnal activity curves was explored. A rotating light trap was operated biweekly in the peridomestic henhouse of a farm in Puerto Iguazú, from May 2016 to May 2018. Ny. whitmani, is the predominant Phlebotominae species (6,720 specimens captured), and is present throughout the night and seasons. Generalized additive models of nocturnal abundance of Ny. whitmani show a bell shape with an acrophase in the early evening. Models of abundance distribution as a function of total abundance showed significant nonlinear variations, only for the tertile of highest vector abundance, in the curves by hourly periods, and related to dawn, while female abundance relative to total abundance showed an asymptotic increasing curve, suggesting density-dependent events with abundance thresholds. Finally, temperature was the variable that best explained the pattern of abundance distribution of Ny. whitmani during the night, although triggers for scotophase activity due to internal clocks or luminosity could not be ruled out. The relationship of activity and abundance with climatic variables would also explain the nights of extraordinary abundance, and therefore of greater probability of vector–human and vector–reservoir contacts.
Preliminary Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Baughcum Amy E , Clark Olivia E , Lassen Stephen , Fortney Christine A , Rausch Joseph A , Dunnells Zackery D O , Geller Pamela A , Olsavsky Anna , Patterson Chavis A , Gerhardt Cynthia A
Published: October 2022

Objective

Research suggests families whose infants are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) experience elevated distress and may have pre-existing risk factors for maladjustment. This study sought to validate the newly developed Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT-NICU/Cardiac Intensive Care Unit [CICU]), a comprehensive screening measure for family psychosocial risk in the NICU.

Methods

The sample included 171 mothers, who completed the PAT-NICU/CICU and other related measures within 2 weeks of their infant’s NICU admission at a level 4 unit within a large pediatric hospital. PAT-NICU/CICU scores were compared to a companion risk survey completed by NICU social workers. Test–retest reliability was assessed through repeated measures at 2-month follow-up.

Results

Analyses suggest the PAT-NICU/CICU is effective in classifying psychosocial risk. This is supported by statistically significant correlations between the PAT-NICU/CICU and validated measures, in addition to elevated scores on concurrent measures by risk classification. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and acceptability for the PAT-NICU/CICU were satisfactory.

Conclusions

This preliminary study demonstrates the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the PAT-NICU/CICU as a psychosocial screening tool to aid identification of families who may benefit from supportive services during NICU admission. This new measure is a more comprehensive tool that assesses a wide variety of risk factors and stress responses. However, future studies of this measure are needed with more diverse samples. Prompt screening of NICU parents may facilitate earlier linkage with appropriate levels of resources or intervention. This research is crucial in improving risk assessment and psychosocial care for families in the NICU.
Bulb growth potential is independent of leaf longevity for the spring ephemeralErythronium americanumKer-Gawl.
Authors: Bertrand Hugo , Lapointe Line
Published: October 2022

Growth in most spring ephemerals is decreased under warmer temperatures. Although photosynthetic activities are improved at warmer temperatures, leaves senesce earlier, which prevents the bulb from reaching a larger size. A longer leaf life duration during a warm spring, therefore, may improve bulb mass. We tested this hypothesis by modulating leaf life span of Erythronium americanum through the application of Promalin® (PRO; cytokinins and gibberellins) that prolonged or silver thiosulfate (STS) that reduced leaf duration. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured along with leaf and bulb carbohydrate concentrations. Plants were also pulse labelled with 13CO2 to monitor sugar transport to the bulb. Lower photosynthetic rates and shorter leaf life span of STS plants reduced the amount of carbon that they assimilated during the season, resulting in a smaller bulb compared with control plants. PRO plants maintained their photosynthetic rates for a longer period than control plants, yet final bulb biomass did not differ between them. We conclude that seasonal growth for E. americanum is not limited by leaf life duration under warm growing conditions, but rather by limited sink growth capacity. Under global warming, spring geophytes might be at risk of being reduced in size and, eventually, reproducing less frequently.
Physical Therapy Treatment of a Person Exposed to Directed Energy: A Case Report
Authors: Whitney Susan L , Hoppes Carrie W , Lambert Karen H , Klatt Brooke N
Published: October 2022

Directed energy exposure is a phenomenon that has been reported in Cuba and China by both U.S. and Canadian government employees. Persons exposed to directed energy report symptoms that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (concussion). No single case has been reported in the literature. A 43-year-old male with suspected directed energy exposure developed progressively worsening headaches, dizziness, auditory/vestibular symptoms, balance problems, difficulty sleeping, and cognitive/emotional complaints while assigned by the Department of State to Guangzhou, China. His physical therapy care is outlined and discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of his care and additional ideas that might benefit future diplomats and government employees who experience dizziness, visual complaints, and balance problems after suspected directed energy exposure. Coordinated multidisciplinary care with benchmarks of function before deployment is advised by the National Academies of Sciences.
Preparedness of Military Public Health for Epidemic and Pandemic Recognition and Response
Authors: Thomas Richard J , Krahl Pamela L , Mallon Timothy M , Gaydos Joel C
Published: October 2022

Disease epidemics have threatened American military preparedness and operational capabilities since 1775. The ongoing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in 2019, again demonstrates the significant potential for infectious diseases to impact military units and threaten military readiness. We reviewed the historical and continuing threats to the U.S. Military from infectious disease outbreaks, as well as changes in U.S. Military capabilities for conducting meaningful surveillance and response. We concluded that a structured review of military public health and preventive medicine capabilities should be conducted to assess the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the capabilities necessary for infectious disease surveillance and response to future threats.
Continuing to hide signatures of gravitational instability in protoplanetary discs with planets
Authors: Rowther Sahl , Nealon Rebecca , Meru Farzana
Published: October 2022

We carry out 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to study the impact of planet–disc interactions on a gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disc. We find that the impact of a planet on the disc’s evolution can be described by three scenarios. If the planet is sufficiently massive, the spiral wakes generated by the planet dominate the evolution of the disc and gravitational instabilities are completely suppressed. If the planet’s mass is too small, then gravitational instabilities are unaffected. If the planet’s mass lies between these extremes, gravitational instabilities are weakened. We present mock Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum observations showing that the observability of large-scale spiral structures is diminished or completely suppressed when the planet is massive enough to influence the disc’s evolution. Our results show that massive discs that would be expected to be gravitationally unstable can appear axisymmetric in the presence of a planet. Thus, the absence of observed large-scale spiral structures alone is not enough to place upper limits on the disc’s mass, which could have implications on observations of young Class I discs with rings and gaps.
On the fate of the secondary white dwarf in double-degenerate double-detonation Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Pakmor R , Callan F P , Collins C E , de Mink S E , Holas A , Kerzendorf W E , Kromer M , Neunteufel P G , O’Brien John T , Röpke F K , Ruiter A J , Seitenzahl I R , Shingles Luke J , Sim S A , Taubenberger S
Published: October 2022

The progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of Type Ia supernovae are still unknown. Currently favoured progenitors include double-degenerate systems consisting of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with thin helium shells. In the double-detonation scenario, violent accretion leads to a helium detonation on the more massive primary white dwarf that turns into a carbon detonation in its core and explodes it. We investigate the fate of the secondary white dwarf, focusing on changes of the ejecta and observables of the explosion if the secondary explodes as well rather than survives. We simulate a binary system of a $1.05\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and a $0.7\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ carbon-oxygen white dwarf with $0.03\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ helium shells each. We follow the system self-consistently from inspiral to ignition, through the explosion, to synthetic observables. We confirm that the primary white dwarf explodes self-consistently. The helium detonation around the secondary white dwarf, however, fails to ignite a carbon detonation. We restart the simulation igniting the carbon detonation in the secondary white dwarf by hand and compare the ejecta and observables of both explosions. We find that the outer ejecta at $v~\gt ~15\, 000$ km s−1 are indistinguishable. Light curves and spectra are very similar until $\sim ~40 \ \mathrm{d}$ after explosion and the ejecta are much more spherical than violent merger models. The inner ejecta differ significantly slowing down the decline rate of the bolometric light curve after maximum of the model with a secondary explosion by ∼20 per cent. We expect future synthetic 3D nebular spectra to confirm or rule out either model.
Episodic accretion and mergers during growth of massive protostars
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan G , Nayakshin Sergei , Meyer Dominique M-A , Vorobyov Eduard I
Published: October 2022

3D simulations of high mass young stellar object (HMYSO) growth show that their circumstellar discs fragment on to multiple self-gravitating objects. Accretion of these by HMYSO may explain episodic accretion bursts discovered recently. We post-process results of a previous 3D simulation of a HMYSO disc with a 1D code that resolves the disc and object dynamics down to the stellar surface. We find that burst-like deposition of material into the inner disc seen in 3D simulations by itself does not always signify powerful accretion bursts. Only high density post-collapse clumps crossing the inner computational boundary may result in observable bursts. The rich physics of the inner disc has a significant impact on the expected accretion bursts: (1) in the standard turbulent viscosity discs, migrating objects can stall at a migration trap at the distance of a few au from the star. However, in discs powered by magnetized winds, the objects are able to cross the trap and produce bursts akin to those observed so far. (2) Migrating objects may interact with and modify the thermal (hydrogen ionization) instability of the inner disc, which can be responsible for longer duration and lower luminosity bursts in HMYSOs. (3) If the central star is bloated to a fraction of an au by a previous episode of high accretion rate, or if the migrating object is particularly dense, a merger rather than a disc-mediated accretion burst results; (4) Object disruption bursts may be super-Eddington, leading to episodic feedback on HMYSO surroundings via powerful outflows.
Incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with different molecular-targeted drugs: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takabayashi Katsuhiko , Ando Fumihiko , Ikeda Kei , Nakajima Hiroshi , Hanaoka Hideki , Suzuki Takahiro
Published: October 2022

Objectives

We compared the incidences of four opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with molecular-targeted drugs from big claims data.

Materials and Methods

We identified 205,906 patients with RA who were prescribed molecular-targeted drugs in 2010–17 from the National Database of Japan and calculated the incidence of four OIs (Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster).

Results

The total number of Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster patients with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib treatment history in RA was 765, 1158, 834, and 18,336, respectively. The incidence rates of each OI for all biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were 0.14, 0.14, 0.09, and 2.40 per 100 person-years, respectively, while for tofacitinib they were 0.22, 0.22, 0.07, and 7.00 per 100 person-years. No big difference was observed among biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. All OIs showed higher incidence in those >65 years, but Pneumocystis pneumonia, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster showed no difference between those 65–74 years old and those >75 years old. The median of occurrence was the third, seventh, ninth, and thirteenth month after treatment, respectively.

Conclusions

We counted real incidence rates of OIs for the whole nation from big claims data.
The role of complement in glomerulonephritis—are novel therapies ready for prime time?
Authors: Cheung Chee Kay , Dormer John P , Barratt Jonathan
Published: October 2022

The complement system plays a key pathogenic role in glomerular diseases with a diverse range of aetiologies, including C3 glomerulopathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Several novel therapies targeting complement activity have recently been developed, which have now been approved or are in the late stages of clinical development. In this review, potential benefits and challenges of targeting the complement system in glomerular disease are discussed. We summarize current understanding of the role of complement, and the novel targeted therapies that are being developed for the treatment of glomerular disease.
Key gene networks that control magnetosome biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Liu Peiyu , Zheng Yue , Zhang Rongrong , Bai Jinling , Zhu Kelei , Benzerara Karim , Menguy Nicolas , Zhao Xiang , Roberts Andrew P , Pan Yongxin , Li Jinhua
Published: October 2022

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of phylogenetically and morphologically diverse prokaryotes that have the capability of sensing Earth's magnetic field via nanocrystals of magnetic iron minerals. These crystals are enclosed within intracellular membranes or organelles known as magnetosomes and enable a sensing function known as magnetotaxis. Although MTB were discovered over half a century ago, the study of the magnetosome biogenesis and organization remains limited to a few cultured MTB strains. Here, we present an integrative genomic and phenomic analysis to investigate the genetic basis of magnetosome biomineralization in both cultured and uncultured strains from phylogenetically diverse MTB groups. The magnetosome gene contents/networks of strains are correlated with magnetic particle morphology and chain configuration. We propose a general model for gene networks that control/regulate magnetosome biogenesis and chain assembly in MTB systems.
Effect of supplemental vitamin D3 on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kazemian Elham , Pourali Ali , Sedaghat Fatemeh , Karimi Mehrdad , Basirat Vahid , Sajadi Hezaveh Zohreh , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Holick Michael F
Published: October 2022

Context

There is still controversy over the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on bone health.

Objective

The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover, as well as the dose-response relationship between vitamin D3 and bone health in adults, were evaluated.

Data Sources

The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and AGRIS databases were searched for articles published through April 30, 2022. Thirty-nine of the 6409 records identified met the inclusion criteria

Data Extraction

Data were extracted from articles by 2 authors, and data extraction was cross-checked independently. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size and the associated 95%CI for the effect of vitamin D3 for each outcome. A one-stage random-effects dose-response model was used to estimate the dose-response relationship between vitamin D3 supplementation and BMD.

Data Analysis

Results of meta-analysis showed a beneficial effect of vitamin D3 at the lumbar spine (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.06; 95%CI, 0.01–0.12) and femoral neck (SMD = 0.25; 95%CI, 0.09–0.41). Dose-response analysis revealed a linear relationship between vitamin D3 supplementation doses and BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total hip sites. No significant effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on whole-body or total hip BMD was observed (P > 0.05). Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly decreased BMD at both proximal and distal forearm (SMD = −0.16; 95%CI, −0.26 to −0.06). The variables of ethnicity, age, baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), menopause status, vitamin D3 dosing frequency, and bone health status (P interaction = 0.02) altered the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on BMD. Additionally, a nonlinear relationship between vitamin D3 supplement doses and markers of bone turnover was found.

Conclusion

A protective effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip is implicated.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42017054132.
Transforming Perceptions: The Development of Pre-pack Regulations in England and Wales
Authors: Adebola Bolanle
Published: October 2022

The article systematically assesses the extent to which the Administration (Restrictions on Disposal etc. to Connected Persons) Regulations 2021 achieve the goal of the government to quell the negative perceptions of pre-pack administration. The pre-pack has generated much criticism from disenfranchised groups who regard the practice with much suspicion. These criticisms have triggered questions as to whether and how to structure the regulation of pre-packs.

The article introduces original frames through which to distinguish the competing regulatory visions of the pre-pack, as well as to systematically evaluate the regulatory frameworks that have been introduced. The evaluation reveals a gap between the regulatory visions of the critics and the regulator. This gap has impacted the reception and effectiveness of successive regulatory frameworks. Combining its frames with the expectation gap theory, the article offers a critical assessment of the 2021 reforms, which address most but not all the criticisms of the pre-pack.
The Official Story of the Law
Authors: Baude William , Sachs Stephen E
Published: October 2022

A legal system’s ‘official story’ is its shared account of the law’s structure and sources, which members of its legal community publicly advance and defend. In some societies, however, officials pay lip service to this shared account, while privately adhering to their own unofficial story instead. If the officials enforce some novel legal code while claiming fidelity to older doctrines, then which set of rules—if either—is the law? We defend the legal relevance of the official story, on largely Hartian grounds. Hart saw legal rules as determined by social rules accepted by a particular community. We argue that this acceptance requires no genuine normative commitment; agreement or compliance with the rules might even be feigned. And this community need not be limited to an official class, but includes all who jointly accept the rules. Having rejected these artificial limits, one can take the official story at its word.
Single cell RNA-seq of human cornea organoids identifies cell fates of a developing immature cornea
Authors: Maiti George , Monteiro de Barros Maithê Rocha , Hu Nan , Dolgalev Igor , Roshan Mona , Foster James W , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Wahlin Karl J , Chakravarti Shukti
Published: October 2022

The cornea is a protective and refractive barrier in the eye crucial for vision. Understanding the human cornea in health, disease, and cell-based treatments can be greatly advanced with cornea organoids developed in culture from induced pluripotent stem cells. While a limited number of studies have investigated the single-cell transcriptomic composition of the human cornea, its organoids have not been examined similarly. Here, we elucidated the transcriptomic cell fate map of 4-month-old human cornea organoids and human donor corneas. The organoids harbor cell clusters that resemble cells of the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, with subpopulations that capture signatures of early developmental states. Unlike the adult cornea where the largest cell population is stromal, the organoids contain large proportions of epithelial and endothelial-like cells. These corneal organoids offer a 3D model to study corneal diseases and integrated responses of different cell types.
Archetypal factorization and gluon poles in semi-exclusive reactions
Authors: Anikin I V , Szymanowski L
Published: October 2022

Within the archetypal factorization procedure, we study the gluon pole contributions manifesting in the nucleon–lepton hard processes of hadron production. We prove the dominant role of gluon pole contributions in such processes. We analyze the different sources of complexity associated with the gluon pole functions. As a practical application, we derive a new single spin asymmetry directly related to the gluon poles that can be studied experimentally.
A genome-wide association study identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PPFIBP2 gene was predictive for interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Matsubara Tsukasa , Fukuda Koji , Maeda Toshihisa , Funahashi Keiko , Hashimoto Marowa , Takashima Yoshinori , Kikuchi Kenichi , Fujita Masahiro , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: October 2022

Objective

Genetic polymorphisms might serve as useful prognostic markers for the timely diagnosis of RA. The purpose of this study was to identify genomic factors predictive of the occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in RA by performing a genome-wide association study of genetic variants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Methods

The study population included 306 RA patients. All patients were treated with conventional DMARDs, including 6–16 mg MTX per week. Clinical data and venous blood samples were collected from all patients before administration of DMARDs. A total of 278 347 SNPs were analysed to determine their association with ILD occurrence.

Results

Several SNPs were strongly associated with ILD occurrence (P < 10−5). rs6578890, which is located on chromosome 11 in the intronic region of the gene encoding tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F polypeptide-interacting protein-binding protein 2 (PPFIBP2), showed the strongest association with ILD occurrence (odds ratio 4.32, P = 10−7.93).

Conclusion

PPFIBP2 could be a useful genetic marker for occurrence of interstitial pneumonia in RA patients and might help to identify the risk of ILD occurrence before RA treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Obstructive sleep apnea during REM sleep: effects on morning and evening blood pressure
Authors: Falla Catherine , Young Alan , Pope Alun , O’Driscoll Denise M
Published: October 2022

Study Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to the emergence and progression of cardiovascular complications including hypertension, stroke, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Epidemiological studies have reported that hypertension is associated with respiratory events during REM sleep. We examined the relationship between respiratory events during REM and morning and evening hypertensive blood pressure (BP) levels in a clinical sleep population.

Methods

This study included data from in-laboratory diagnostic polysomnographic studies (n = 797) from adults attending for investigation of OSA. Hypertensive BP levels were defined using BP measurements taken in the evening before and morning after polysomnography, and the use of antihypertensive medication. Regression modeling was undertaken to examine the probability of evening and morning hypertensive BP levels according to REM apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), NREM AHI, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, total sleep time (TST), sleep time SpO2 <90%, and smoking status.

Results

The probability of morning hypertensive BP levels was significantly independently associated with age (p < .001), BMI (p < .001), and REM AHI (p < .001). No significant effect was found for the male gender, NREM AHI, alcohol use, TST, sleep time SpO2 <90%, or smoking (p > .05 for all). The probability of evening hypertensive BP levels was only significantly associated with age (p < .001), male gender (p = .012), BMI (p < .001), and TST (p = .032).

Conclusions

Respiratory events during REM sleep are significantly associated with morning hypertensive BP levels. Future research is needed to determine whether treatment of these events can prevent or reverse morning hypertensive BP levels.
Neonatal classic galactosemia—diagnosis, clinical profile and molecular characteristics in unscreened Turkish population
Authors: Çelik Muhittin , Akdeniz Osman , Ozbek Mehmet Nuri , Kirbiyik Ozgur
Published: October 2022

Background

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a rare hereditary disease that can cause serious morbidity and death if it is not diagnosed and treated in early periods of life. Clinical findings usually occur in the neonatal period after the neonate is fed with milk that contains galactose. Most patients are presented with jaundice, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia and cataracts.

Objective

We aimed to document the clinical, molecular characteristics, regional estimated incidence and time of diagnosis in newborn with CG.

Materials and method

The data of 63 newborn with CG who were diagnosed and followed up between January 2011 and January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

During the study period, 63 (33 boys and 30 girls) newborns were diagnosed with CG. The median gestational age was 39 weeks (33–42). Major presenting symptoms were jaundice 90.5% and cataract 41.2%. The mean age at first symptom was 12 ± 7.4 days while the mean age at diagnosis was 18.9 ± 10.6 days. Nearly half of the patients (55.5%) were diagnosed later than the postnatal 15th day. Genetic analysis was performed on 56 patients and homozygous Q188R mutation was found in 92.8%. There were signs of sepsis in 33.3% of the cases. Six patients died due to sepsis. There was consanguinity in 84.1% of the parents and regional estimated incidence was calculated as 1 in 6103 live births.

Conclusion

Q188R mutation was found in 92.8% of our cases. The regional estimated incidence was found as 1 in 6103 live births. Our study strongly supports that galactosemia should be included in the national newborn screening program.
Experiences With a Distant Reiki Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Science of Unitary Human Beings Framework
Authors: DiBenedetto Jennifer
Published: October 2022

An increasing number of individuals are reporting increased stress and anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A feasibility, mixed-method design was conducted to investigate distant Reiki as a virtual healing modality within Rogers' framework of the Science of Unitary Human Beings. Data were collected using pre- and post-distant Reiki session interviews and 2 surveys. Study findings demonstrated changes in participant pattern manifestation and statistically significant reductions in perceived stress and anxiety (P < .001). The preliminary findings support the feasibility of distant Reiki and suggest that nurses, who are Reiki practitioners, may influence the human-environmental field to foster healing.