bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГУМАНІЗАЦІЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НАУКИ, ЛЮДИНИ І ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ: ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Doronin Andrew , Doronina Maya , Mykhailenko Dаria
Published: April 2021

Formulation of the problem. Economic instability, intensification of social problems, uncertainty of economic development guidelines in Ukraine indicate the need in reviewing problems and prospects of economic science and practice. The purpose of the article is to generalize the possibilities of forming sustainable development of society in general and its economic system in particular through new justifications of problems and prospects for restoring a decent standard of living today and its guarantees for future generations. The methodological basis of the study is the ideas of prominent scientists and practitioners, methods of dialectics, system-synergetic and interdisciplinary approaches to the analysis of the humanization of economics, human models and a production organization. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the clarification of the functions and elemental composition of humanization of economics, human models and a production organization will provide constructive discussions to identify the main problems and prospects for its development and adaptation to domestic conditions. Statement of basic materials. The loss of control over the system of economics and practice requires revision of their research technologies based on methodological pluralism, focused on identifying opportunities for transformation of the economy focused on the production of goods into the economy of expanded reproduction of potential human capacity to respond to increasing non-traditional situations. Humanization of economics is possible by involving the recommendations of disciplines that study the behavior and relationships of people, ways to unite them into project teams, opportunities to develop their creative potential, the ability to generate unique ideas to overcome crises. Originality and practical significance of the research. The level of management humanization depends on the ability of managers to unite subordinates into emotionally stable project teams. In personnel activity management, humanization is provided by the ability to diagnose the uniqueness of its potential and to intensify the desire to generate unique ideas for overcoming crises - stratagems. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The effectiveness of economics humanization depends on a constructive dialogue between the parties interested in its development. The initial stage of the dialogue shall be interpretation of its functions and content. Prospects for further research are related to the development of reforms, building their logical matrix, which will contribute to the reform of society in general and its economic subsystem in particular
Um estudo sobre o uso da internet no contexto educacional brasileiro
Authors: Batistella Jefferson , Vinícius Eduardo Pires
Published: April 2021

Os avanços e a disseminação do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), mais precisamente da Internet, descortinam novas perspectivas para a educação, com suporte em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA). Considerando-se que a distância geográfica e o uso de múltiplas mídias são características inerentes à EAD, mas não suficientes para definirem a concepção educacional, discute-se essa modalidade tecnológica não apenas como uma solução paliativa para atender alunos situados distantes geograficamente das instituições educacionais nem apenas como a simples transposição de conteúdos e métodos de ensino presencial para outros meios e com suporte em distintas tecnologias. Dessa forma, esse trabalho tem engajamento no uso da internet no contexto educacional brasileiro, demonstrando a história da internet, a história da Educação a Distância (EAD) no ensino brasileiro, que é uma realidade e um formato de ensino cada vez mais divulgado e procurado pelos estudantes, assim como as mídias educacionais conectadas no contexto atual brasileiro, que tem ajudado com ferramentas poderosas na facilitação do processo de ensino-aprendizado que acontece nas escolas e a todo tempo e em todos os lugares nesse mundo virtual e real.
Características morfofisiológicas da soja em Latossolo Amarelo submetida a diferentes fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados no cerrado piauiense
Authors: Santos Adaniel Sousa dos , Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Fonseca Wéverson Lima , Zuffo Alan Mario , Oliveira João Batista Da Silva , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo , Alcântara Neto Francisco De , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Sousa Tiago De Oliveira , Santos Aline Sousa dos
Published: April 2021

As fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados apresentam diferenças no produto das reações químicas entre o fertilizante e o solo, sendo influenciadas pelas características químicas e texturais do solo. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja sob diferentes fontes de fósforo no sudoeste piauiense. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro fontes de fósforo (o superfosfato simples (SSP), o superfosfato triplo (SPT), fosfato natural reativo (FNR) e o fosfato natural reativo + enxofre (FNR+S)), mais uma testemunha com calcário Cincal, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi implantado no ano agrícola 2012/13 e as avaliações foram realizadas durante as safras 2013/14 e 2014/15. Foram avaliadas variáveis do estádio fenológico de florescimento pleno e de produção da soja. As características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja foram influenciadas pelas fontes de fósforo, conforme constatado no estande de plantas, índice de área foliar, radiação fotossintética ativa e eficiência da radiação fotossintética ativa, fitomassa seca, produtividade e no peso de mil grãos.
Pronunciation Mobile Application for Oral Communication
Authors: Abarquez Adrian M.
Published: April 2021

English is a basic prerequisite for people to achieve accomplishments in various fields. In today’s age, students are well-diverse in eclectic mechanisms to enhance one’s English skills. The 21st century learners have embraced the new way of acquiring skills through the combination of internet sources and mobile applications. This research was done at the Advance Institute of Technology (AIT) to assess the efficacy of smartphone pronunciation in oral communication for 10 English. For the control and experimental classes, a quasi-experimental design was used. There were 42 students as subjects in the study. The students answered a twenty-five (25) item oral production questionnaire as a research instrument. Using the required statistical instrument, based on the result of the analysis, the control group had a very good performance on the pretest while a bigger proportion of the experimental group also performs the same while there was one who performed excellently. Hence, with today’s young learners who are digital savvy, oral literary skills are best improved when English teachers make use of the most utilized and enjoyed simulations for visual and auditory to enhance pronunciation skill development.
Paradigm of International Exchange Students in Encountering Culture Shock Stages
Authors: Nur Rafi’ah , Suhria
Published: April 2021

Globalization can help people gain knowledge and improve learning about how a diversity of the cultures does not cause any conflict, misunderstand, and share knowledge across the culture peacefully. It can be termed as cross-cultural communication. Based on this paper's aims, this article discussed the theory of multiculturalism (cultural diversity), cross-cultural communication, the types of culture shock, the cases of culture shock experience such as the stages of culture shock and reverse culture shock. Thus, this study aims to discuss the theory of multiculturalism and an overview of culture shocks experienced by the student exchange program. As a result, shock culture experience is found by most of the people who live for some duration times. However, they will face reverse culture shock when returning to their home country, even though some returnees do not experience it.
American English in Teaching English as a Second Language
Authors: Aqil Mammadova Gunay
Published: April 2021

With the lapse of time the two nations- Americans and British always blamed each other for “ruining” English. In this article we aim to trace historical “real culprit” and try to break stereotypes about American English status in teaching English as a second language. In comparison with Great Britain the USA has very short and contemporary history; nevertheless, in today’s world American English exceeds British and other variants of English in so many ways, as well as in the choices of language learners. American English differs from other variants of the English language by 4 specific features: Inclusiveness, Flexibility, Innovativeness and Conservativeness. Notwithstanding, British disapprove of Americans taking so many liberties with their common tongue, linguistic researcher Daniela Popescu in her research mentions the fields of activities in which American words penetrated into British English. She classifies those words under 2 categories: everyday vocabulary (480 terms) and functional varieties (313 terms). In the case of functional varieties, the American influence is present in the areas of computing (10 %), journalism (15 %), broadcasting (24%), advertising and sales (5 %), politics and economics (24%), and travelling and transport (22%). Further on, the words and phrases in the broadcasting area have been grouped as belonging to two areas: film, TV, radio and theatre (83%), and music (17%). The purpose of the research paper is to create safe and reliable image of American English in the field of teaching English as a second language. Americans are accused in “ruining” English and for that reason learners are not apt to learn American English. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used while collecting the data. The study concluded that the real culprits are British who started out to ruin English mainly in in the age of Shakespeare and consequently, Americans inherited this ruin from the British as a result of colonization. Luckily, in the Victorian Age British saved their language from the ruins. The paper discusses how prejudices about American English effect the choices of English learners.
The History of Irish and Canadian Englishes: A Comparative Historical Overview
Authors: Almuways Yasir Sulaiman
Published: April 2021

This article aims to compare and provide the historical linguistic background of Irish and Canadian Englishes in terms of their language history and lexicon. This research adopted the comparative historical research method which looks into the language history of one variety in comparison to another variety within the same language. Thus, this article discusses the history of Canadian English in comparison to the history of Irish English as well as the lexicon and vocabulary of Canadian English comparatively to the lexicon and vocabulary of Irish English which results in how the historical background in terms of culture and language and the geographical location of these two varieties have shaped, over time, what we now call Canadian English and Irish English which contain some differences and similarities to one another. This article results in the stages and the factors by which the lexicon of Irish English and Canadian English have been shaped and impacted.
The Semantic Field Theoretical Approach in the teaching of English and its Grammatical Implication to Second Language Development
Authors: Mudogo Benard Angatia
Published: April 2021

The Semantic Field Theory (SFT) has been widely used in teaching English as a second Language to preschool children in Kenya.  In the SFT approach, the grammars of two or more languages are in contact. The grammar of languages involved in the SFT approach may be similar or different. However, studies have indicated that where the grammar of two languages in contact differ, syntactic mismatches are likely to result. It was against this background that the investigation was undertaken to establish the potential syntactic mismatches between English and Lukabarasi when using the SMT approach and the possible grammatical implications to English language development lessons. Contrastive Analysis (CA) by Lado (1967) was used in the comparison of the structures of Lukabarasi and English in order to identify syntactic similarities and differences in The First Language (L1) and The Second Language (L2). A sample of 10 key informants teaching English as a second language in rural pre-schools were purposively sampled to help collect the songs. Two songs were purposively sampled for collecting the relevant data. Content analysis guided the data analysis to identify the parts of the songs that were relevant to the achievement of the research objective. The findings indicated that teachers used Lukabarasi songs during English development lessons to enhance vocabulary acquisition using the SFT approach. Further, rules of the two languages were not observed and finally, there were syntactic mismatches during the teaching of English lessons. The findings revealed that extensive use the SMT approach and failure to follow rules of languages during L2 lessons may affect second language development. The findings recommend use of SFT approach when necessary in teaching English and adherence to rules of the two languages during English lessons to reduce negative transfer and to enhance L2 development.
Difficulties and Countermeasures of Han Nationality Students in Learning Kyrgyz Phonetics and Letters
Authors: Yishake Caifuding , Mayituohuo Mariya , Saleem Aasma , Lili Xie
Published: April 2021

Language is important for everyone and plays a vital role in the educational and cultural development of a nation. Learning and teaching of any language is a difficult and technical job in every society. The correct pronunciation is the most basic condition to learn a language. Han students face many difficulties to learn the Kyrgyz language. This study will discuss the problems and possible solutions of Han student’s difficulty to learn the Kyrgyz language. When the pronunciation is suffixed with the vowel [ы] in the consonant, it is a common problem for Han students to learn the Kyrgyz pronunciation of it. Because some students have confused and mixed the phenomenon of phonetic pronunciation in Chinese Pinyin and Kyrgyz. To understand the Kyrgyz pronunciation and knowing the pronunciation skills is difficult, which is based on the accurately grasping of the pronunciation part to understand that there are two pronunciation variants of certain letters in the Kyrgyz language. Applying imitative, replacement, and other practical and effective methods to repeat the pronunciation and for more accurate practice are the good solution for Han student's problems to learn the Kyrgyz language. The teacher should promptly correct the student’s pronunciation errors and at the same time strengthens the student's "three more training" method after class. This study can effectively and universally solve the pronunciation problems of Han students. Moreover, this study will help them to learn Kyrgyz phoneme and letters more easily than other methods.
Gifted Education in Algeria: Challenges and Reforms
Authors: HEBBALI Fatima Zohra
Published: April 2021

One of the most powerful aspects EFL teachers need to take into consideration is to meet the learning needs of all learners without exception. In Algeria, EFL teachers face the challenge of identifying, understanding, and coping with the exceptional needs of gifted learners (GLs) at middle schools. This genre of learners who demonstrate high abilities and special cognitive and intellectual qualifications need particular care and guidance from their teachers at school. Hence, the aim of this work is to see how the general education English teacher identifies, understands and deals with GLs in the Algerian EFL classroom. The purpose is to shed light on the qualities of GLs, the challenges they encounter inside the English session in addition to the mistakes committed by teachers when treating this kind of learners. The sample of this work is composed of 20 Algerian middle school teachers who had the experience of teaching GLs in their classes. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and participant observation. The findings of the study show to what extent grade skipping, outdoor education and personalized learning (among other suggestions) can serve as effective methods to cope with the unique capabilities of GLs as well as to help them achieve their full potential and improve their academic performance more and more.
English and Japanese Inner Aspect
Authors: Ploscaru Mihaela-Alina
Published: April 2021

The aim of the current paper is to revisit the topic of Inner Aspect, and explore it from two vantage points, taking both English and Japanese data into account. We will rely on Vendler’s classification of verbs, and use it so as to see whether the verb classes he introduced for English can also account for Japanese verbs. To do this, we will make use of a number of tests that Vendler as well as other authors have suggested. We will see that not all verbs can pass these tests, and that sometimes, in order for a verb to pass them, we have to entertain specific scenarios to allow them to do so. Lastly, we will turn our attention to the Japanese morpheme -te iru (the counterpart of the English -ing) and explore a specific interpretation that this morpheme allows in Japanese, interpretation which cannot be found in English: the state-result interpretation. The paper concludes with the argument that because the state-result reading is not available in English, then -ing morphology is appears to not be compatible with two verb classes: activities and achievements.
Creativity In The Use of Translation Microstrategies By Translation Students At The University of Bahrain
Authors: Ageli Nuri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine University of Bahrain graduating translation students’ use of creative microstrategies in rendering into English a news text and compare it with the translation of a Bahrain News Agency professional translator. The study seeks to identify the students’ creative microstrategies based on the classification proposed by Anne Schjoldager’s‘ (2008) model of macrostrategies.  The participants were 15 English language students with a minor in translation who were expected to graduate in the semester during which the study was conducted. They were required to translate a news text from Arabic to English in order to reveal the creative microstrategies used  and then their performance was compared with that done by a professional translator employed by Bahrain News Agency (BNA)and published on its official website . The findings of the study have shown that translation students are inclined to focus more on the syntactic microstrategies rather than on the semantic and pragmatic ones when processing and rendering the source text into the target language. Unlike the professional translator, students' lack of negotiation with and deeper analysis of the text has deprived their performance to a certain extent from the  creativity required in translation and rendered it into a mechanical exercise.
The Analysis of the Thematic Structure of the Standard Arabic Clause: A Special Focus on Verb-initial Structures
Authors: El Biadi Maha
Published: April 2021

The objective of the present paper is to give a detailed presentation of how the thematic structure is expressed in Standard Arabic (SA) and how different it is from that of English language. SA is a language which displays different linguistic properties in comparison to English, the language around which the Systemic Functional Grammar theory (SFG) was first developed (Halliday, 1994). Very few studies have been carried out to study the thematic structure of SA and none of them deals with all types of sentence structures in this language. Abdul-Raof’s study is a case in point (Abdul-Raof, 1998); he is mainly concerned with studying the thematic structure of nominal clauses i.e. clauses starting with nouns, despite the fact that Arabic is a language where VSO structures are frequently used. It is precisely at the level of VSO structures that the analysis of thematic structure in Arabic becomes problematic.  Contrary to what previous studies in this area of enquiry say, I will mainly argue that the verb cannot be considered Theme in SA. It is also worth noting that the present work is part of a general endeavour to develop a Systemic Functional Grammar of SA.
Conceptualization of Metonymy Denoting Human Body Parts: (eye and hand) Idioms in English and Yemeni
Authors: Dhafer Nabil
Published: April 2021

Metonymy, as a common rhetorical mode of discourse, has been extensively researched in connection with metaphor with the aim of highlighting its pragmatic function. In this assay, we begin by shedding the light on tropes (metonymy and metaphor), as previous studies showing that though both figures involve substitution of one term for another, metonymy could be contrasted with metaphor. Because idioms, as an area of language, could be based on metaphor, metonymy or conventional knowledge, then a discussion on the nature of metonymy-based idioms should be provided. This study will attempt to show that people in the Arabic(Yemeni) and English-speaking cultures share images of idiomatic expressions containing parts of the human body. This study will try to certify the claim that the figurative meaning of many idioms is predictable because their constituent parts systematically contribute to the overall figurative meaning of these expressions.
Bridging the Cultural Divide: A Study of the Published English Versions of Some of Gamal Al-Ghitani Literary Works
Authors: El Din Amr Nour , Al-Jalahma Dheya S.
Published: April 2021

This research paper is an attempt to evaluate Peter Newmark's semantic and communicative approaches that are commonly adopted by translators to impart the flavor of the Egyptian culture to the Anglophone readers. The two approaches are diametrically opposed: the semantic approach involves the transfer of the text literally without any alteration: it preserves the length of sentences, position and integrity of clauses and words. It is author-oriented in the sense that it closely pursues the author's thought process and disregards the response of the target readers. This approach does not pay heed to the message of the writer and the target readers may find it difficult to digest the target text. The communicative approach, on the other hand, sets great store on the target reader and the response of the receptor. It attempts to generate a meaning that will elicit a response from the target recipients that approximates the response of the SL readers. It also advocates the equivalent-effect principle of translation which tends to rule out the predominance of words and structure.   This paper attempts to address the vexed question of choosing an optimal translation approach and whether to represent the source culture in Target Text by highlighting the importance of the functional approach to translation which is based on the Skopostheorie, for it strikes a balance between Newmark's approaches by according priority to the function the translated text is intended to fulfill. Although this Skopostheorie has drawn many criticisms, some of them have been refuted; it is practically useful to adopt it provided the translator voices his/her opinion which is soundly based on his/her expertise and does not follow blindly what the commissioner/client dictates to him/her. Translation is not all about linguistic transcoding, or cultural transference, rather it is a communicative action determined by a purpose. Translators can safely produce skopos-based translation provided that they observe the principles of coherence and culture. Some of Gamal Al-Ghitani's literary works are selected to put theories into practice since they are replete with expressions that reflect the Egyptian culture hence pose a challenge to the translator.
Disillusionment of Althusserism and Rebellious Individualism
Authors: Farivar Marziyeh , Nodeh Mahboobeh Mirzadeh
Published: April 2021

This paper is a comparative study of two dramatic works of Henrik Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the people”, written in 1882, and Akbar Radi’s “The Savior in the Damp Morning” written in1986. It is an attempt at elaborating Althusser’s clarification of the term ‘Ideology’ as the disillusionment when the individualistic features are considered. This refers to the opposition which exists between how the ideological discourse functions and what an individual member of a society intents to establish. Rebelliousness is one of the significantly controversial characteristics of individualism which is regarded as its chaotic expression which can disrupt and rebuild the current ideology. In both Althusserism and Individualism, the subject holds the ideology that has been implicitly or explicitly defined due to the fact that the subject is exposed to as well as involved with it. Since the subject is the performer of certain acts and the conveyor of certain thoughts, the social relation which is constructed is determined according to the overall production or benefit for all those who are involved within the community. The ideology of social relation discredits the attempts of subjects at revealing self-governing and self-determining ideas which lead to disillusionment. This comparative study is, by and large, displaying the way two dramatists, who belong to completely distinct cultures and societies, presented the ideologies of their time and the true nature of invisible power discourses.
Translating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Chichewa: A Quick Efficacy Assessment
Authors: Lwara Evans , Ndalama Deborah
Published: April 2021

This paper purposed to analyse the efficacy of the Chichewa version of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that the government of Malawi, through the Department of Information, recently produced. Language barrier remains one of the main reasons for the SDGs’ unpopularity among the majority of Africans. This leaves most Africans unengaged in the goals’ implementation process. Mindful of this, many African countries have embarked on projects to translate the SDGs into indigenous African languages. In Malawi, the SDGs were translated into the local languages in 2018. This study sought to conduct a quick review of the entire project to ascertain its effectiveness against the background that previous translations of various policy and other public documents are replete with substantial communicative flaws. How then was the project to translate the SDGs into Chichewa uniquely designed to ensure positive outcomes? What strategies did the translators use to ensure effective localisation of the SDG document given its international nature? To answer these and other key questions, the researchers collected data through Key Informant interviews and document analysis. The data was analysed within the framework of Farrahi Avval’s taxonomy of communication strategies. The study found that both linguistic and non-linguistic communication strategies were used in the translation. Both of these strategies were marred by serious shortcomings that have the potential to prevent effective communication from taking place. The study, thus, concludes that the information in the Chichewa version of the United Nations’ SDGs remains largely inaccessible to the illiterate and semiliterate Malawians.
A Critical Analysis of the Post-structuralist Thought with Reference to ‘The Death of the Author’ by Roland Barthes
Authors: Biswas Ashis
Published: April 2021

Roland Barthes in his famous essay “The Death of the Author” from a post-structuralist position took a stand against the notion of authority in a text. He while referring to the myth of Sarrasine in Balzac asks certain essential question regarding the position of authorship. For him the author only is a participant in the existing discourse of the time—a mere explorer of the existing symbols and pre-existing linguistic and literary systems. One the other hand he only narrates the events through the existing codes but never participates in it. It is here where Barthes connotes that the author might be praised for his mastery over the existing codes but not for his genius. Likewise, Barthes explores various concepts of post-enlightenment to give his concept of the death of the author not in a literary sense where the work is found importance rather than the author who is the product of the industrial strategy and his position changes over time according to the changes in society.
Language Varieties of Woman's Conversation in Yutube Channel of Emma Watson in HeForShe Program: A Conversation Analysis Study
Authors: Ammang Latifa
Published: April 2021

Language and gender are always being exciting topics to be discussed because gender is not only about the difference between men and women based on sex, but this is about the roles and status that determine the position between men and women (Maciuszek et al., 2019). This research aims to find out some language varieties used by Emma Watson on her conversation in International women's day 2015 in HeForShe video YouTube. This research is descriptive qualitative, and to obtain the data, the researcher took the video about the conversation of Emma Watson in International women's day 2015 on YouTube channel then analyzed some language varieties. The result of this research found that there were four types of varieties of communication utilized by Emma to present her goals in the conversation. These varieties include rising intonation, intensifier, super polite form, and avoidance of strong swear words. The majority of the language variety is frequently used by Emma to show her feeling about her seriousness, her emotion, her empathy, and to firm her statement, especially about gender equality. The majority of Emma's utterances based on women's language varieties are used to show her emotion as well as her seriousness.
Flipped Classrooms in Higher Education in Algeria during Period of COVID19: Challenges and Difficulties
Authors: GUESSABI FATIHA
Published: April 2021

Nowadays in Algeria, the recent trend to decentralize educational powers has wheeled an increasing need for innovation in classrooms and at universities and because of Virus Corona too. As a result, one recommendation was proposed that higher education should make greater use of technology and each teacher should use a projector in his lectures, each student should have access to a portable computer and all the teachers are obliged to post their lectures on the site of their universities from March 15th, 2020 to their students. In this period all the universities and institutes are closed. Therefore, students must take and understand their lectures from universities’ sites. In the South of Algeria exactly in Bechar where the department of foreign languages fails to address the needs of students properly in learning languages and many inspectors of education criticize students of English for their lack of professional training and the resulting inability of students to discharge professional duties that lie ahead because  most of the students find it difficult to attend classes and there seems to be a need of Flipped Classrooms for greater flexibility in the course delivery. Since the flipped classroom is a hot topic not only among educators but also among the general public especially in this period of the universal virus which is COVID-19. Hence, this study aims to reflect on the use of Flipped Classrooms in higher education in Algeria by investigating its current status, assessing its pedagogical viability in higher education; exploring its different forms; identifying different options to implement the Flipped Classroom concept and related advantages and disadvantages, and considering technical and cost-related constraints of the Flipped Classroom. To fulfill this objective, the researcher used a questionnaire addressed to students and conducted an interview with the teachers of Bechar University. The finding of the research revealed that all the students are against technology; they prefer the handout (copies) which is the primitive way. They are against closing universities; they think it is just political ideas and they believe that Corona Virus cannot reach the Sahara of Algeria.
An Overview of Gendered Violence in Language
Authors: Chaarani Rokaya
Published: April 2021

There is little doubt that language and its politics are one of the most powerful apparati that construct, determine and communicate dynamic meanings about gender. The cultural and societal definitions of femininity and masculinity along with their connotations are reinforced and channeled through as well as constituted by language. In this regard, the notion of violence is a pertinent field wherein language, with its sexed and gendered lot, continues to perform and display aggressive and crude sexist meanings that debase a specific gender against the backdrop of another.
Complying and Coping: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Lived Experiences of College Students Studying During the COVID-19 Outbreak Lockdown
Authors: Delute Regina Chriscel S. , Ada Jhune Carlo S.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in the sudden shift from on-campus class to remote learning using different ways, but mainly through the use of the internet to deliver instruction and submit the requirements. While the news is full of statistics about the COVID-19 cases, recoveries, and deaths, not much has been written about the plight of students during the pandemic. This study looked into the lived experiences of the five education students enrolled in Batangas State University learning on their own at home during the time of the Luzonwide lockdown in the Philippines. This phenomenological research utilized voice calls (Messenger) in getting data from the participants. In analyzing the data, the researchers identified the frequent words or phrases, categorized the responses, then identified the themes. Four themes emerged from the interviews: students partook in asynchronous learning for grades; remote education during a pandemic affords students’ stress and anxiety; students prefer in-face classes over distance learning; and they have insufficient technology. The study concluded with the understanding that the sudden implementation of distance learning, the student-participants view this mode of learning as a means to comply and to cope with the set standards given the available measures and resources. The student-participants are able to experience the truly independent and individual manner of learning. Participants need to adjust to the new mode of learning, for they are still in the traditional face to face mode of delivery of learning and education and Resources and means to connect are the major concerns of students especially those in the remote areas both the region and nearby provinces.
A Forensic Interpretation of Hateful Micro-Speech Acts and Performative Modality in Facebook and Twitter during 2017 Election-Kenya
Authors: Irimba Fredrick Meeme , Ndambuki Jacinta , Mwithi Florence
Published: April 2021

The increasing shift of human activities to online spaces in Kenya has resulted in the new behaviours among internet consumers. One such behaviour is the growing online public journalism phenomenon amid legal and regulatory gaps permeating expression of online hate speech rhetoric disguised as ‘politically correct talk’ which often goes unquestioned despite its injurious force and the potential to precipitate physical violence in the long run. To judge content as hateful, Kenya’s judicial processes rely the establishment of speech intention to hurt a legally protected entity. However, hate speech law enforcers lack skill and capacity to accurately determine the pragmatic force of hateful language. This article, which is a part of broad study that examined the discursive construction of online hate rhetoric, examines the injurious potential of online micro-speech acts and performative modality of selected Facebook posts and tweets constituting the day-to-day communicative practices online during the 2017 general election in Kenya. Working within forensic-based Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) framework, we analyse a purposive sample of 160 posts; FB (120) and Twitter (40) collected through online observation of Facebook groups and hashtags trending in Kenya between July and November 2017. The findings show how micro-speech acts and performative modality worked in service of aggressive ideology in the form of overt and covert appeals for collective prejudice against marked ethno-political out-groups. These insights are relevant for policy makers such as NCIC, KHR and CAK as well as the hate speech law enforcers especially National Police Service and prosecutors in understanding how certain commonsensical day to day online communicative practices yield pragmatic potential to propagate ideologically rooted culture of hate and violence in multi-ethnic cultural contexts such as Kenya.
Semantic Loss in Two English Translations of Surah Ya-Sin by Two Translators (Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Arthur John Arberry)
Authors: Islam Sehrish
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study is to examine the semantic Loss and its causes in two English translations of Surah Ya-Sin by two translators: Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Arthur John Arberry. Semantic loss focuses on over-translation, under-translation or mistranslation of a source text and can result in partial or complete loss of meaning in the target text. Semantic loss is inevitable while translating from a source language due to the lack of equivalence of some cultural words in the target language. Baker’s typology of equivalence (1992) was adopted to identify causes of losses in the two English translations: Equivalence at word level, above word level, Textual, Grammatical and Pragmatic Equivalence. This research is qualitative in nature and is based on Hermeneutics, an interpretative framework of translation studies. The English translations of Surah Ya-Sin were selected from Abdullah Yusuf Ali’s work “The Holy Qur’an: Text and Translation” (1938) and Arthur John Arberry’s “The Koran Interpreted” (1968). Two language experts were consulted for the present study to understand the meanings of the source text. Moreover Tafsir by Ibn Khathir (2000) was used as a reference book. The analysis of the data revealed frequent partial loss of meaning in Abdullah Yusuf Ali’s translation and complete loss of meaning in Arthur John Arberry’s translation. Linguistic deviation from the source text was identified as one of the major causes of such losses.
Raising the Curtain: The Impact of Drama in Developing the Speaking Skills of ESL learners in Mongolia
Authors: Maglaya Rommel
Published: April 2021

The study utilized drama-infused lessons in English language classes as a tool to develop the speaking skills of adult ESL learners in Mongolia. The descriptive-developmental method was utilized in this study, which went through the process of development, infusion, and try-out of drama-infused language lessons to develop the speaking skills in English of adult ESL learners. The development of the participants’ speaking skills as they went through the lessons as described. It was discovered that drama-infused ESL lessons effectively develop the speaking skills of learners. It made them more confident when it comes to speaking in front of the class and expressing themselves in English. Hence, the drama-infused ESL lessons helped develop self-confidence and fostered active participation inside the ESL classroom. Drama-infused activities also provided an ideal opportunity for timorous learners to overcome their inhibitions; it sturdily guided inactive learners to some awareness of others' feelings and led to the more creative use of the English language in speaking.
The Impact of Using YouTube Videos to Promote Students’ Performance in Speaking Skill: A Case Study of a School in Libya
Authors: Al Jawad Ahmed Sanoussi Himeda
Published: April 2021

The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of applying YouTube to promote students’ performance in speaking skill in Kufrah secondary schools. The nature of this problem guided to choose the quasi-experimental research as a research design for this study. To conduct the experiment, the writer chose AL Ahfad Al Mokhtar School as the target population. The writer randomly selected 50 students from the study area. The oral test was the instrument of this study. The study adopts descriptive analytical method to analyse the collected data. The hypotheses were tested by using the t- test. From the analysis of the data, the results proved that, the performance of students taught using YouTube was significantly higher than that of those taught traditional method. Based on the results, recommendations were made on the need to apply YouTube Videos in EFL teaching and learning in various learning institutions in Libya. Finally, the study suggests that YouTube can promote students’ performance in speaking skill.
A Review of Doing a Master’s Dissertation in TESOL and Applied Linguistics
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Honggang
Published: April 2021

This review begins with a brief introduction of the organization and main content of the book under review-Doing a Master’s Dissertation in TESOL and Applied Linguistics, followed by the analysis of the contributions and limitations. On the whole, this book is practical and valuable for Master’s students and supervisors who are looking for a holistic guide in TESOL and Applied Linguistics.
Teaching English to Adult Learners: A Practical Remedial Method
Authors: Ethelb Hamza , Shalabi Mahfouz , Sasi Ishraq
Published: April 2021

This study explores the particularities of teaching English to adult learners. It looks at whether adult learners’ comprehension of lessons is slowed down by factors of teaching style or classroom settings. The study uses a questionnaire to collect views of adult learners from the Libyan context. The questionnaire that contains 37 statements measures different aspects of teaching English. It was delivered online using Google Forms. Those aspects include teaching style, preferences of correcting mistakes, willingness of cooperation among adult learners, self-dependence and self-confidence of learners, and preferred techniques to learning grammar and vocabulary. This study also offers a remedial method that is inferred from the experience of the researchers and supported by the results of the data. The results show that adult learners have different perception towards acquiring a foreign language. They agree that they need to better their learning input. The suggested remedial process could be an answer to their needs.
Move Analysis of letters of Recommendation Written by Lecturers in a Ghanaian University
Authors: Afful Joseph Benjamin Archibald , Kyei Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

The scholarship on the rhetoric of letters of recommendation (LRs) has tended to cover those from the Anglo-American and European context. The present study aimed to investigate the structural organization of the LRs through an examination of the moves. The data consisted of purposively sampled 24 LRs written for candidates seeking admission into postgraduate programmes. The quality content analysis of the data complemented by some descriptive statistics showed that the LRs were characterized by a five-move structure: purpose of writing (move 1), context of knowing the candidate (Move 2), candidate’s credentials (Move 3), candidate’s personal values (Move 4), and closure (Move 5). In addition, with regard to the sequence of moves, the study found: (1) that the 5-move sequence was the most frequently used; (2) that the LRs mostly began with Move 1; (3) that the 1-›3-›3 sequence occurred most frequently; and (4) that Move 5 always occurred at the end of the UEW LRs.  As regards the textual space of moves, it was found that Move 3, Candidate’s credentials, occupied the greatest space (i.e. 53.01%) in the LRs. Finally, the study implies that, while critical individual preferences exist in style, conventions of writing LRs are typically embedded in epistemological structures that are unique to the discipline. The present study has implications for the existing scholarship on LRs, EAP pedagogy and further research.
Motivating Struggling Malaysian Primary ESL Readers Through The ‘Read and Record Project’
Authors: Salleh Nurul Amalina , Yamat Hamidah
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to explore how the ‘Read and Record Project’ could help motivate struggling Malaysian primary ESL readers to read.  This paper will report on motivating effects of the ‘Read and Record Project’ towards struggling readers. A case study was employed as the research design and four instruments were used to collect the data which were semi-structured interview, observation notes, and reflective journal. The data collected were analysed thematically. The participants were chosen through purposive sampling. Before this study was carried out, a preliminary study was done in a primary school located in Betong, Sarawak. From the preliminary study, four struggling readers from Year 3 were chosen to participate in the ‘Read and Record Project’. Findings revealed five elements of the project that could help motivate struggling readers to read through the project. The elements include independent learning, parents’ involvement, video production, sense of accomplishment, and fun learning. To conclude, the findings proved that the ‘Read and Record Project’ could enhance the motivation to read among struggling Malaysian primary ESL readers.
The Effect of Group Reading Strategy on Critical Thinking Skills in Thai EFL University Learners
Authors: Namsaeng Pasara , Sukying Apisak
Published: April 2021

Group Reading Strategy (GRS), a collaborative reading activity, offers individual contributions to a shared goal using an active learning approach. This mixed-methods research examined the effect of GRS on the critical thinking skills of Thai EFL university learners and explored learners’ perceptions of the GRS process. The critical thinking self-assessment questionnaire, a logbook, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The analysis of the quantitative findings revealed that GRS fostered critical thinking skills in Thai EFL university learners. The results also showed that some intrinsic characteristics of critical thinking skills were cultivated before others. Overall, the current study demonstrated an increase in critical thinking skills through the GRS learning process. The qualitative findings revealed that participants held positive opinions regarding the GRS approach to facilitate active learning environments. Specifically, Thai EFL university participants viewed GRS as peer-assisted learning and a collaborative learning approach, which could, in turn, lessen adverse learning factors. However, some factors, including culture, time-allocation for the GRS process, and types of assessment, also influenced the learning process of GRS activities. Overall, this study indicates that GRS could have an impact on Thai EFL university learners’ critical thinking skills, at least to some extent. However, longitudinal studies are still required in future investigations.