bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: Yamada Koki , Shinoura Susumu , Kikuchi Kaoru
Published: July 2021

Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy with aggressive clinical features. This is the first case report of a primary hepatic SCC diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), which is a reliable and safe procedure for the histopathological diagnosis of liver lesions, even if the percutaneous approach is difficult due to ascites or hypervascularity at the puncture site. A 52-year-old man presented to the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and abdominal distention. Given the laboratory data, a diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was made. Concurrently, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an 8 cm hypodense mass with delayed peripheral enhancement in the left hepatic lobe and paraaortic and perihepatic lymphadenopathy. As persistent ascites precluded percutaneous liver biopsy, we performed EUS-FNA of the liver mass, and the obtained specimen showed SCC. As otorhinolaryngological consultation and whole-body investigations, including chest CT, upper and lower endoscopy, and positron emission tomography CT, were all unremarkable except for the liver lesion and lymph nodes, a diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC with systemic lymph node metastasis was made. After treatment of SBP with antibiotics, we initiated chemotherapy concurrent with radiation therapy, adapted to his liver function. Radiation and three cycles of chemotherapy were not effective as the disease progressed, as seen on the follow-up CT scan, and the patient died of hepatic failure on the 134th day after diagnosis. In conclusion, EUS-FNA was a reliable method for tissue sampling in liver malignancies, particularly in selected patients with contraindications for percutaneous biopsy.
RSM-Based Optimization of the Parameters Affecting TiO2-Mediated UV Photocatalysis of Vehicular Emissions in Enclosed Parking Garages
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Thind Parteek , Verma Manpreet Kaur , Singh Dapinder Deep , Sareen Arjun , Ahuja Dheeraj , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kumar Raman , Sharma Shubham , Khalilpoor Nima , Issakhov Alibek
Published: July 2021

In the preceding times, the number of enclosed parking garages has increased significantly in developing nations. The toxic emissions from vehicular exhausts are expected to drastically compromise the environmental conditions of the parking garages. Subsequently, exposure of humans to these accumulated pollutants is also expected to degrade their health. Therefore, in the present investigation, efforts were made to estimate the applicability of TiO2-mediated UV photocatalysis in degrading the concentration of vehicular emissions, viz., NOx and SO2, in the enclosed parking garages (EPGs). In this regard, an artificial EPGs’ environment was created and experiments were designed using the Box-Behnken design in combination with response surface methodology. The process parameters chosen for maximizing the degradation of the pollutants were a concentration of TiO2 emulsion (20 to 120 ml/m2), UV irradiance (1 to 5 mW/cm2), and relative humidity (10 to 50%). Optimization of the laboratory experiments revealed that at optimal conditions of the process parameters, i.e., a concentration of TiO2

emulsion
=
77.50
 
ml
/

m

2

, intensity of UV

irradiance
=
3
 
mW
/
c

m

2

, and relative

humidity
=
43.2
%

, maximum degradation of the NOx and SO2, i.e., 61.24% and 55.05%, respectively, was achieved. Further, it was revealed that relative humidity may prove to be the limiting factor while using the TiO2-mediated UV photocatalysis in humid areas. Findings of this study may prove beneficial in urban planning as it may assist scientific auditory and local authorities in identifying the applicability of TiO2-based photocatalysis in mitigating the impacts of vehicular emissions.
Cerebral Microvascular Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Perivascular Hematopoietic Vasculopathy
Authors: Moussouttas Michael , Roemer Shanu , Dickson Dennis W.
Published: July 2021

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare and elusive hematopoietic malignancy that may involve the nervous system in various ways. Cerebrovascular ECD involves the perivascular infiltration and compromise of any cervicocranial vessel by transformed proliferating histiocytes. Presented is the novel case of a patient with pathologically proven perivascular microangiopathy, manifesting in multifaceted fashion with ischemia, hemorrhage, mass lesions, and edema.
High Triglyceride Glucose Index Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients after Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Kim Chul-Ho , Kim Yerim , Jang Min Uk , Mo Hee Jung , Lee Sang-Hwa , Lim Jae-Sung , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Oh Mi Sun
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) is a simple and reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR) that can predict functional outcomes and mortality after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, it is unclear whether the TyG index is associated with functional outcomes in patients with stroke who receive reperfusion therapy. Thus, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of the TyG index for the clinical outcomes of patients with AIS who underwent reperfusion therapy. Methods: We retrospectively assessed patients with AIS, with occlusion of either the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery, who were evaluated using multiphase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) and received reperfusion therapy. The TyG index was calculated as “ln [fasting glucose level (mg/dL) × triglyceride level (mg/dL)]/2.” Collateral status was evaluated using mCTA based on the University of Calgary Scale. Clinical outcomes included 3-month functional outcomes, early neurological deterioration, recanalization status, and hemorrhagic transformation. Results: In all, 183 subjects (age 69.5 ± 12.4 years; men, 59.0%) were enrolled. The median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 15.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 11–18). The median TyG index was 4.8 (IQR, 4.6–5.1), and 158 patients had TyG levels >4.49, which represents the presence of IR. On univariate analysis, a higher TyG index was associated with both early neurological deterioration (18.4 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.041) and a 3-month poor functional outcome (mRS3-6) (61.4 vs. 32.0%, p = 0.011). After adjusting for multiple variables, including age, sex, type of reperfusion therapy, recanalization status, initial stroke severity, type of stroke, and history of hypertension and diabetes, high TyG index remained an independent predictor of a poor 3-month functional outcome (adjusted OR, 5.22; p = 0.014). However, TyG levels were not significantly associated with collateral status (p = 0.756). Conclusions: IR, represented by a high TyG index, may predict poor 3-month functional outcomes in patients with AIS who undergo reperfusion therapy.
Imaginários europeus no Brasil Imperial: uma análise da obra de Ida Pfeiffer
Authors: Eberspächer Gisele
Published: July 2021

Entre as viagens da escritora austríaca Ida Pfeiffer (1797–1858) esteve uma estadia de cerca de dois meses ao Rio de Janeiro, realizada em 1846. Seu relato dessa experiência no livro Eine Frau fährt um die Welt, assim como os outros livros do gênero, alimenta um imaginário sobre o Brasil entre seus leitores europeus. Mas, além disso, apresenta vários dos imaginários da autora e de seus conterrâneos acerca do que encontraria no país. O presente artigo busca realizar um levantamento dos trechos em que esses imaginários ficam explícitos no relato da autora, tomando sua obra como uma fonte histórica dos imaginários europeus do século XIX acerca do Brasil.
Entre o poema e a imagem: o campo de concentração e o percurso pela memória e linguagem em Paul Celan e Didi-Huberman
Authors: Abdala Junior Luiz Carlos
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, proponho a aproximação do poema “Engführung” (1958), do poeta Paul Celan, com o ensaio Cascas (2011 [2017]), do historiador de arte francês Georges Didi-Huberman, tomando como ponto de partida a ideia de percurso que atravessa ambas as obras. Para tanto, baseio-me nas leituras que Joachim Seng faz do poema de Celan (1992; 1998), nas quais lê “Engführung” como um trajeto do eu-poético pelo campo de concentração (Auschwitz) que é, ao mesmo tempo, campo da memória e linguagem. Em Cascas, Didi-Huberman relata o percurso da sua visita a Auschwitz, enfocando o papel do olhar na realização do trabalho da memória. Nesse sentido, ao posicionar lado a lado o poema e o ensaio, estes parecem apontar para modos de olhar e dizer Auschwitz que colocam para o leitor as tensões inerentes a este movimento, não se omitem desta tarefa ética e refletem criticamente a postura individual e coletiva diante da lacuna do testemunho e do que resta do campo de concentração.
Rainer Maria Rilke e Paula Modersohn-Becker Um diálogo inspirador no Réquiem a uma Amiga
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin , Pereira Lawrence Flores
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta o Réquiem a uma Amiga (tradução no final do artigo) com algumas reflexões ensaísticas sobre o lugar desse poema na obra do poeta R. M. Rilke. Iniciaremos com observações biográficas (os encontros do poeta com a escultora Clara Westhoff e sua amiga Paula em Paris em 1900) que ocasionaram o estudo da pintura de paisagem e um pequeno livro de ocasião de Rilke sobre a colônia de artistas de Worpswede, no norte da Alemanha. O  forte impacto que esses encontros – e em particular a análise das telas de Paula Modersohn-Becker em 1905 - tiveram sobre a sensibilidade poética de Rilke  contribuíram para a nova forma estilística (Dingwendung) que se manifesta na obra madura de Rilke. Apresentamos assim um momento de vida e um aspecto específico do desenvolvimento da relação do poeta e de sua obra com as artes plásticas, que ilumina o papel da poesia como  trabalho de luto do poeta e como prefiguração das obras da fase madura dos Sonetos e das Elegias.
Capítulos de uma história de amor não correspondido: a memória da monarquia Austro-húngara e seus escritores judeus
Authors: Krausz Luis Sérgio
Published: July 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a mapear, por meio de seus registros literários, alguns momentos da longa e ambivalente história do processo de integração e assimilação dos judeus à cultura austro-alemã – uma história que se inicia já nos últimos anos do século XVIII, e cujos reflexos literários reverberam século XXI adentro. A contraposição entre uma visão essencialista de cultura e outra fundamentada no conceito alemão de Bildung é o princípio fundamental que opera nos diferentes desdobramentos desta história aqui analisados, e gera dúvidas e perplexidades ainda hoje significativas para o estudo da literatura austro-judaica.
Die Mitteleuropa-Idee und die konservativen Österreicher jüdischer Herkunft: Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Leopold von Andrian und Otto Maria Karpfen (Carpeaux)
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: July 2021

No contexto dos Estados-nação europeus modernos, o Império Habsburgo era um anacronismo. Entretanto, sua constituição multiétnica e multicultural garantiu uma coexistência pacífica e igualitária que foi apreciada por várias minorias, em particular os judeus. Após o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial, estes permaneceram no novo Estado-nação da Áustria alemã ou na República da Áustria como uma espécie de minoria sem status de minoria. Na idéia da „Europa Central“ sobreviveu uma parte substancial da ideologia que tinha mantido o império unido no final do século XIX. Ela se encontrou seu caminho para os elementos nostálgicos de uma nova identidade dos austríacos resistentes às tendências pan-germânicas, mas também foi defendida por intelectuais católicos conservadores de ascendência judaica que buscavam um bastião contra as tendências anti-semitas e ultra-nacionalistas. Entre as guerras, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Leopold von Andrian e Otto Maria Karpfen (Carpeaux) desenvolveram idéias políticas que, da perspectiva atual, parecem extremamente conservadoras e até anacrônicas. Se olharmos mais de perto para eles, no entanto, torna-se claro que a idéia Mitteleuropa forma um núcleo humanista dentro do gesto antimoderno, uma específica forma de resistência à onda totalitária dos anos 1930. O presente artigo tenta delinear as diferenças das três concepções e também seus traços unificadores.
O insigne pintor: uma leitura da autobiografia poética de Vieira Lusitano
Authors: Santos Beatriz Catão Cruz
Published: July 2021

O artigo propõe uma análise de O insigne pintor (1780), de Francisco Vieira de Matos (1699-1783), o Vieira Lusitano. Ele realizou desenhos de Corpus Domini em Roma, por encomenda de D. Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, embaixador de D. João V junto ao Papa Clemente XI. Sob sua direção fez o desenho da procissão, que serviria de modelo para Corpus Christi de 1719 em Lisboa, e para as procissões da monarquia portuguesa. O desenho, representado por escrito em O insigne pintor, deve ser situado no contexto de reforma da procissão. Trata-se de uma interpretação da obra, que constitui uma autobiografia de um pintor, categoria que não costumava gerar autobiografias no mundo português e católico do século XVIII. A intenção é analisá-la dando ênfase ao desenho do ritual e à mudança de status do artista.
Sobre a sociologia das relações de classe
Authors: Horkheimer Max , Fernandes Simone
Published: July 2021

Tradução de Horkheimer, Max. "On the Sociology of Class Relations". Tradução de Simone Fernandes
Kripke’s metaphysical necessity: a Kantian perspective
Authors: Gaboardi Ediovani Antônio
Published: July 2021

Este artigo estuda o conceito de necessidade em O Nomear e a necessidade de Kripke. Kripke distingue necessidade metafísica de necessidade epistemológica. Portanto, posições neoclássicas e neoempiristas estão erradas, porque permanecem no domínio epistemológico. Em Kripke, a epistemologia se torna uma investigação psicológica sobre o conhecimento individual. Não pode lidar com o problema da justificação e, portanto, não pode explicar por que existem proposições necessariamente verdadeiras. Quando ele tenta fazer isso, cai na armadilha da dialética, como Kant alertara. Finalmente, o artigo defende que o domínio metafísico é apenas uma abstração baseada em uma epistemologia objetiva.
Descartes e uma possível política: a análise do homem da experiência
Authors: Laporta Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Os autores de Leituras de Descartes dividem a amplitude da produção cartesiana associando assunto a texto, isto é, as partes da “árvore do saber” às obras escritas pelo filósofo. Caso concorde com essa divisão, o leitor irá concordar também que não há uma obra escrita por Descartes especificamente para discutir “política”. Mas isso não significa que seja impossível encontrar nos escritos desse filósofo reflexões sobre a relação que os homens estabelecem entre si. Assim, pensar “política” em Descartes é ver que o homem é tratado a partir da “união substancial”, como um homem da experiência repleto de paixões e afecções. O objetivo desse artigo é ilustrar a hipótese de que, seja pela via do projeto de alcançar as verdades na filosofia seja pela via da “afetividade”, não é possível considerar o sujeito cartesiano como isolado, pois sua amplitude é contrária a um reducionismo da teoria cartesiana ao sujeito puramente pensante da segunda meditação.
Princípios, costumes e a fundação do conhecimento
Authors: Martins Rogério Fernandes
Published: July 2021

Buscaremos posicionar certos aspectos das especulações pascalianas a partir de um pano de fundo epistemológico. Vamos enquadrá-los, mais precisamente, na assim chamada tradição do Fundacionalismo Epistêmico. A intenção principal será mostrar a gênese dos primeiros princípios, essencial para todo o arcabouço epistemológico nessa tradição, e as consequências daí advindas. Para tanto, compararemos os desenvolvimentos pascalianos aos cartesianos sobre o tema. Esperamos, ao final do artigo, ter demonstrado a força e a novidade da solução pascaliana e o desiderato moral a que ela pode nos conduzir.
Notícias
Authors: Espinosanos Cadernos
Published: July 2021

Notícias do primeiro semestre de 2021
Angioplasty of Flow‐Limiting Stenosis Reduces Aortic and Brachial Blood Pressure in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Busch Lucas , Heinen Yvonne , Stern Manuel , Wolff Georg , Özaslan Göksen , Tzetou Konstantina , Sansone Roberto , Heiss Christian , Kelm Malte
Published: July 2021

Background

Arterial hypertension affects cardiovascular outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We hypothesized that angioplasty of peripheral arterial stenoses decreases aortic (aBP) and brachial blood pressure (bBP).

Methods and Results

In an index cohort (n=30), we simultaneously measured aBP, bBP, augmentation index (AIx), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) before and after angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries; diagnostic angiography served as a control. In an all‐comer registry cohort (n=381), we prospectively measured bBP in patients scheduled for angioplasty of the iliac, femoral, and crural arteries or diagnostic angiography. Systolic aBP decreased after iliac (Δ−25 mmHg; 95% CI, −30 to −20;
P
<0.0001) and femoropopliteal angioplasty (Δ−12 mmHg; 95% CI, −17 to −5;
P
<0.0001) as compared with diagnostic angiography. Diastolic aBP decreased after iliac (Δ−9 mmHg; 95% CI, −13 to −1;
P
=0.01) but not femoropopliteal angioplasty. In parallel, AIx significantly dropped, whereas PWV remained stable. In the registry cohort, systolic bBP decreased after angioplasty of the iliac (Δ−17 mmHg; 95% CI, −31 to −8;
P
=0.0005) and femoropopliteal arteries (Δ−10 mmHg; 95% CI, −23 to −1;
P
=0.04) but not the crural arteries, as compared with diagnostic angiography. Diastolic bBP decreased after iliac (Δ−10 mmHg; 95% CI, −17 to −2;
P
=0.01) and femoropopliteal angioplasty (Δ−9 mmHg; 95% CI, −15 to −1;
P
=0.04). Multivariate analysis identified baseline systolic bBP and site of lesion as determinants of systolic bBP drop after endovascular treatment.

Conclusions

Angioplasty of flow‐limiting stenoses in patients with peripheral artery disease lowers aortic and brachial blood pressure with more pronounced effects at more proximal lesion sites and elevated baseline systolic blood pressure. These data indicate a role of endovascular treatment to acutely optimize blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02728479.
Sex-dependent divergence in asymmetrical reproductive tract morphology between two closely-related amphisbaenian species (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: Angiolani-Larrea Francesca , de Fraga Rafael , Mortati Amanda , Ribeiro Síria
Published: July 2021

Comparing reproductive tract morphology between closely-related species may reveal mechanisms and processes leading to reproductive isolation and cladogenesis. Differences in external morphology are often inconspicuous between closely-related Neotropical species, and tissue samples for DNA sequencing are usually scarce for fossorial organisms such as amphisbaenians. Therefore, comparing characters of the reproductive tract between closely related amphisbaenians may be a viable alternative to understand processes by which evolutionary lineages have diverged morphologically from common ancestors. In this study we used multivariate ordination to compare reproductive tract morphology between two closely-related Amphisbaenidae species (Amphisbaena anaemariae and A. silvestrii), which are morphologically similar, and phylogenetically closely related. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific divergence in the reproductive tract may explain mechanisms and processes of reproductive divergence leading to evolutionary divergence. Our results suggest that divergence between two closely related Amphisbaenidae species may be linked with reproductive isolation caused by morphological differences in the reproductive tract. However, the levels of divergence detected varied between sexes and sides of the body on which the variables were measured, with vas deferens length, testis length and diameter and gonad-cloaca length as the determining variables differencing species. Although our findings must be validated by DNA-based analysis, this study provides insights into evolutionary processes based on reproductive divergence mechanisms in organisms for which sampling is hindered by fossoriality.
Pariana caxiuanensis (Parianinae, Poaceae): a new species of an enigmatic genus of herbaceous bamboos from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: DIAS KAUÊ NICOLAS LINDOSO , FERREIRA FABRÍCIO MOREIRA , VIANA PEDRO LAGE
Published: July 2021

Pariana caxiuanensis (Poaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. The new species is characterized by having the leaves clustered at the apex of the leafy culm, fimbriae few to absent, dimorphic flowering culms, large ligules (2.5–4 mm long), and pubescent to hirsute synflorescences. We present a morphological description, illustrations of the new species, the conservation status assessment, and a key to differentiate P. caxiuanensis from its morphologically related congeners.
A giant among the giants: Arthrocereus grandiflorus (Cactaceae, Cactoideae), a new species from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: GONZAGA DIEGO RAFAEL , FERNANDEZ EDUARDO PINHEIRO , MORAES LUCAS , NETO LUIZ MENINI , PEIXOTO ARIANE LUNA
Published: July 2021

Arthrocereus grandiflorus sp. nov. is described on the basis of field surveys, macro- and micromorphological (pollen grains) data, and analysis of literature. The new species is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado and its two subpopulations were found in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais State. Comments on its morphological affinities with related taxa, geographical distribution, phenology, habitat, conservation status, and original photographs of living specimens are provided. In terms of conservation, it was assessed according to IUCN criteria as Critically Endangered (CR).
On the Localized Extreme Rainfall over the Great Bay Area in South China with Complex Topography and Strong UHI Effects
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Luo Yali , Gao Xiaoyu , Wu Mengwen , Li Mingxin , Huang Ling , Zhang Da-Lin , Xu Haiming
Published: July 2021

In this study, high-resolution surface and radar observations are used to analyze 24 localized extreme hourly rainfall (EXHR; >60 mm h−1) events with strong urban heat island (UHI) effects over the Great Bay Area (GBA) in South China during the 2011–16 warm seasons. Quasi-idealized, convection-permitting ensemble simulations driven by diurnally varying lateral boundary conditions, which are extracted from the composite global analysis of 3–5 June 2013, are then conducted with a multilayer urban canopy model to unravel the influences of the UHI and various surface properties nearby on the EXHR generation in a complex geographical environment with sea–land contrast, topography, and vegetation variation. Results show that EXHR is mostly distributed over the urban agglomeration and within about 40 km on its downwind side, and produced during the afternoon-to-evening hours by short-lived meso-γ- to meso-β-scale storms. On the EXHR days, the GBA is featured by a weak gradient environment with abundant moisture, and a weak southwesterly flow prevailing in the boundary layer (BL). The UHI effects lead to the development of a deep mixed layer with “warm bubbles” over the urban agglomeration, in which the lower-BL convergence and BL-top divergence is developed, assisting in convective initiation. Such urban BL processes and associated convective development with moisture supply by the synoptic low-level southwesterly flow are enhanced by orographically increased horizontal winds and sea breezes under the influence of the herringbone coastline, thereby increasing the inhomogeneity and intensity of rainfall production over the “Π-shaped” urban clusters. Vegetation variations are not found to be an important factor in determining the EXHR production over the region.
Linking History to Contemporary State-Sanctioned Slow Violence through Cultural and Structural Racism
Authors: Hicken Margaret T. , Miles Lewis , Haile Solome , Esposito Michael
Published: July 2021

Environmental scientists started documenting the racial inequities of environmental exposures (e.g., proximity to waste facilities or to industrial pollution) in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, research has documented inequities in exposures to nearly every studied environmental hazard, showing that American society delivers racial violence toward nonwhite families. Through cultural racism, a resilient social hierarchy is set where the lives of some groups of people are considered more valuable than others; then, through structural racism, institutions unequally mete and dole environmental benefits or burdens to these respective groups. We argue that the “slow violence” of environmental racism is linked to other forms of racial violence that have been enacted throughout history. We discuss the meaning of cultural racism as it pertains to the hierarchy of groups of people whose lives are valued unequally and its link to structural racism. To remedy this environmental racial violence, we propose shifts in the empirical research on environmental inequities that are built upon, either implicitly or explicitly, the interconnected concepts of cultural and structural racism that link historical to contemporary forms of racial violence.
Historical Anatomical Collections of Human Remains: Exploring Their Reinterpretation as Representations of Racial Violence
Authors: Zuckerman Molly K. , Austin Rita M. , Hofman Courtney A.
Published: July 2021

We synthesize how the tools of molecular anthropology, integrated with analyses of skeletal material, can provide direct insights into the context-specific experiences of racial structural violence in the past. Our work—which is emblematic of how biological anthropologists are increasingly interested in exploring the embodied effects of structural and race-based violence—reveals how anthropology can illuminate past lived experiences that are otherwise invisible or inscrutable. This kind of integrative research is exposing the legacies of structural violence in producing anatomical collections and the embodied effects of structural violence evident within individuals in those collections.
White Health Benefits of Histories of Enslavement: The Case of Opioid Deaths
Authors: Gabriel Ryan , Esposito Michael , Ward Geoff , Lee Hedwig , Hicken Margaret T. , Cunningham David
Published: July 2021

Popular media and researchers have given increasing attention to the perceived growing alienation and despair of white Americans. The narrative of white decline has been particularly robust in light of the recent uptick in premature deaths of whites from opioid use, but this national conversation has lacked consideration of potential associations between opioid mortality among whites and durable legacies of white advantage that were established through historical racial violence. We provide an initial analysis of how contemporary patterns of white opioid mortality in the counties of southern states relate to the presence of slavery and postbellum institutions of racial social control in those counties. We find that areas in the South with higher rates of past enslavement are associated with contemporary reductions of white vulnerability, in this case, opioid mortality. This finding supports the thesis that historical institutions of racial control offer a protective benefit within the modern white population.
The Persistence of Historical Racial Violence and Political Suppression: Implications for Contemporary Regional Inequality
Authors: Williams Jhacova A. , Logan Trevon D. , Hardy Bradley L.
Published: July 2021

We provide evidence on the link between lynchings and a range of political and economic outcomes for Black Americans. We show that lynchings are related to racial and political motives among whites that keep Black Americans disconnected from the political process. This political and racial gradient to lynchings is related to public finance and redistribution within states and localities and has potentially long-lasting implications for investments in financial and human capital for Black Americans. We also document regional inequality in economic well-being and the social safety net, linking the legacy of racialized violence and diminished political capital to persistently higher poverty and lowered investments in social and labor market policies, showing that a key goal of Southern Redemption policies and violence continues to play a role in Black American life in the twenty-first century.
A Call for Integral Violence Studies
Authors: Davenport Christian
Published: July 2021

The legacies of racial violence are generally understudied and thus not well understood. Extant academic work on the topic generally focuses on a specific form of contention like war or rebellion as well as specific consequences like economic development or voting. I use insights from a global evaluation of the political and economic consequences of contention to identify the pitfalls of this typical approach and argue for an alternative that I call integral violence studies: a comprehensive approach that brings together the best that social sciences and humanities have to offer in an effort to understand legacy effects.
The White Working Class and the Legacy of the 1960s Ku Klux Klan in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Smångs Mattias
Published: July 2021

This is a theoretical and empirical exploration of how the presence of the Ku Klux Klan across southern communities in the 1960s mediated electoral support for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. The analysis is prompted by divergent perspectives on the impact of working-class whites’ economic grievances and cultural identities in Trump’s victory, and by conjectures of a relationship between past white ethno-racial mobilization and support for Trump. I show that the civil rights–era Klan’s defense of Jim Crow segregation created an enduring legacy of reactionary white collective identity and mobilization that together with contemporary economic and demographic conditions shaped local-level 2016 voting patterns in Trump’s favor. I also discuss the broader implications of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and scholarship into the temporal endurance of racism’s past forms and manifestations.
Workplace hazards in forensic mortuaries in Saudi Arabia: A survey of forensic mortuary personnel
Authors: Madadin Mohammed , M Alkhattaf Ibtisam , H Abutaki Fatima , A Almarzooq Mohammed , A Alzahrani Fahad , Al-Saif Dalia M , Kharoshah Magdy A , Alqurashi Hani M , Menezes Ritesh G
Published: July 2021

Forensic mortuaries have always presented a potential threat to workers who come into contact with dead bodies. This research aims to identify hazards faced by forensic mortuary personnel, including forensic pathologists and technicians working in forensic mortuaries in forensic medicine centres throughout Saudi Arabia, to recognise the prevalence of exposure to workplace hazards and to discover the degree of awareness and use of safety practices. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 20 forensic medicine centres, using an online questionnaire distributed among forensic mortuary personnel. A total of 113 participants responded to the questionnaire. Just over half (53%) of workplaces always provided personal protective equipment, and 75% of participants always used them. The most common hazards were needle-prick wounds and accidental slips or falls. Almost two thirds (64%) of participants witnessed or experienced a work-related accident in the forensic mortuary. The lack of previous studies concerning hazard exposure among forensic mortuary personnel in Saudi Arabia means that this study provides foundational evidence for future research concerning forensic autopsy-related work accidents in Saudi Arabia.
Reflecting on the Intersection of Critical Pedagogy, Identities, and Spaces: An Indonesian Doctoral Student’s Autoethnography
Authors: Sondari Parawati Siti
Published: July 2021

To address a student-teacher educator perspective in the engagement of critical pedagogy (CP), I employed a critical and analytical autoethnography to self-investigate my lived experiences during coursework in a doctoral program in the United States. Framed in postcolonial CP in border-crossing notion, I engaged in critical and analytical autoethnography. I critically carried out thematic analysis on learning artifacts and personal memory during the Summer course 2020 which was expanded to analytical thematic analysis as I drew on artifacts and personal memory during coursework from Fall 2018 to Spring 2020. The analysis was intended to explore how CP was enacted during coursework and the implications of the enactment. Three key themes were identified: ideology work; co-construction of knowledge and mutuality; and imagined spaces and unfinishedness. The themes embodied the perceived enactment of CP in my coursework experience and they revealed how criticality intersected CP is with pedagogical practices, transformed identities, and spaces. They further served as the basis for implications for English teacher education programs and teacher educators in Indonesia to implement CP in a higher educational landscape.
A review of noteworthy/major innovations in wearable clothing for thermal and moisture management from material to fabric structure
Authors: Ullah Hafiz Muhammad Kaleem , Lejeune Joseph , Cayla Aurélie , Monceaux Mélanie , Campagne Christine , Devaux Éric
Published: July 2021

The human body exchanges heat through the environment by various means, such as radiation, evaporation, conduction, and convection. Thermo-physiological comfort is associated with the effective heat transfer between the body and the atmosphere, maintaining the body temperature in a tolerable thermal range (36.5–37.5ºC). In order to ensure comfort, the body heat must be preserved or emitted, depending on external conditions. If the body heat is not properly managed, it can cause hyperthermia, heatstroke, and thermal discomfort. Conventionally, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems are used to provide comfort. However, they require a huge amount of energy, leading to an increase in global warming, and are limited to indoor applications. In recent decades, scientists across the world have been working to provide thermal comfort through wearable innovative textiles. This review article presents recent innovative strategies for moisture and/or thermal management at the material, filament/fiber, yarn, and fabric scales. It also summarizes the passive/active textile models for comfort. Integrating electrical devices in garments can rapidly control the skin temperature, and is dynamic and useful for a wide range of environmental conditions. However, their use can be limited in some situations due to their bulky design and batteries, which must be frequently recharged. Furthermore, adaptive textiles enable the wearer to maintain comfort in various temperatures and humidity without requiring batteries. Using these wearable textiles is convenient to provide thermal comfort at the individual level rather than controlling the entire building temperature.
Does Family Decision-Making Power Improve Women’s Happiness?
Authors: Li Zhongwu
Published: July 2021

It is almost a consensus that the stronger family decision-making power a woman has, the happier she will be. While using the China Family Panel Studies, this study reveals a long-overlooked fact that women’s control over more family decision-making power does not necessarily improve their happiness. The results of the ordinary least squares and ordinal logit model confirm this finding, and the propensity score matching method corroborates the conclusion. Heterogeneity analysis shows that among those women with less education and lower social status, the negative happiness effect of women’s family decision-making power is particularly significant. Women’s traditional attitudes and self-esteem are two important factors which hinder women’s family decision-making power from enhancing their happiness.
Polycentric Theology, Mission, and Mission Leadership
Authors: Ross Kenneth
Published: July 2021

Though it began with an assumption that there was one universal and normative Christian theology, the modern missionary movement has resulted in the emergence of polycentric theology. As each new centre thinks through the meaning of the faith in contextual terms, it offers a distinctive theology – to the extent that it becomes a question whether any universal theological affirmation can be possible. Meanwhile the theory and practice of mission has been no less radically reshaped by a polycentric vision, with the concept of “mission from the margins” capturing the imagination. A profound openness to others and, ultimately, the deep spiritual discernment that is sensitive to the presence and action of the Spirit of God in our world, is the essential equipment needed for leadership in mission today.
Preventive war and sovereign debt
Authors: Krainin Colin , Ramsay Kristopher W , Wang Bella , Ruggiero Joseph J
Published: July 2021

The preventive motive for war arises because states cannot commit to limit the use of their growing power. This commitment problem can lead to war when there are not enough resources available to compensate the declining state for their expected losses. In this article, we show how capital markets affect preventive war incentives by introducing a profit-maximizing bond market to the canonical bargaining model of war. We find that the nature of the power shift and fundamentals of the market for debt interact to determine when a preventive motive is more likely to lead to war. Two main results show that (1) less probable but more extreme power shifts are most dangerous and (2) unlike the direct effect of interest rates on the cost of war, higher interest on sovereign debt makes war more likely. We present evidence for the latter effect by extending Lemke’s (2003) study of preventive war for major-power dyads between 1816 and 1992.
Reliability and Validity of the American Heart Association’s Workplace Health Achievement Index
Authors: Roemer Enid Chung , Kent Karen B. , Goetzel Ron Z. , Calitz Chris , Mills Drew
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To test the validity and reliability of the American Heart Association’s (AHA) updated Workplace Health Achievement Index (WHAI).

Methods:

We piloted the updated WHAI with respondent pairs at 94 organizations, and examined the inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) for each item on the survey. To evaluate face and content validity, we conducted preliminary focus groups pre-survey, and follow-up cognitive interviews post-survey administration.

Results:

Respondents found the updated WHAI to be comprehensive and useful in identifying gaps and opportunities for improving their health and wellbeing programs. The mean percent agreement on all items was 73.1%. Only 9% (or 14 items out of 146) had poor inter-rater reliability (below 61 percent agreement), but through follow-up cognitive interviews we determined that most were due to artifacts of the study design or were resolved through minor revisions to the survey question, instructions, and/or adding examples for clarity. Only 1 question was deleted due to lack of relevance.

Conclusion:

The updated WHAI is a valid and reliable tool for employers to assess how well they promote the health and wellbeing of their employees.
Home-to-home dialysis transition: A 24-year single-centre experience
Authors: Elbokl Mohamed Ahmed , Kennedy Claire , Bargman Joanne M , McGrath-Chong Marg , Chan Christopher T
Published: July 2021

Home dialysis (peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home haemodialysis (HHD)) are ideal options for kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Occasionally, because of technique failure, patients are required to transition out of home dialysis, and the most common option tends to be to in-centre HD. There are few published studies on home-to-home transition (PD to HHD or HHD to PD) and dynamics during the transition period. We present a retrospective review of 28 patients who transitioned from a home-to-home dialysis modality at our centre over a 24-year period. We observed a total of 911 home dialysis patients with technique failure (826 PD patients and 85 HHD patients) with only 28 patients (3% of the total with technique failure) having successful home-to-home transition. During the transition period, 11 patients (39%) were hospitalized and 13 patients (46%) required variable periods of in-centre HD. After a median follow-up of 48 months following dialysis modality transition, four patients switched to in-centre HD permanently (home dialysis technique survival of 86% censored for death and kidney transplantation) and four patients died resulting in a patient survival of 86% (censored for switch to in-centre HD and transplantation). In our centre, home-to-home transition is a feasible strategy with comparable patient and technique survival. A significant proportion of patients switching from a home-to-home dialysis modality required variable intervals of hospitalization and in-centre HD during transitions. Future efforts should be directed towards assessment and home dialysis education during the entire process of dialysis transition.
The queer child cracks: Queer feminist encounters with materiality and innocence in childhood studies
Authors: Walton Ellie
Published: July 2021

This article questions how we might continue to envision an open and inviting engagement between the terrains of childhood studies and queer theory. Matters of childhood innocence in particular are problematised throughout. The paper builds on the offerings of queer of colour scholarship and women of colour feminism, endeavouring to contribute to an emergent childhood studies that is informed by queer and feminist understandings that uphold the materiality and lived experience of the child, both in theory and in practice.
A novel full-electric aircraft propulsion based on the DEA compressor
Authors: Aryana Babak
Published: July 2021

This article introduces a novel full-electric aircraft propulsion designed based on the DEA compressor, named DEAThruster that is supplied by a PEMFC. The thruster designed and modeled in this study is a compact DEAThruster to operate in altitudes up to 15,000 m and in the subsonic/transonic region with a specific thrust around 8300 N s/kg. The results show the thruster can satisfy all expectations, and it can generate up to 8300 N s/kg specific thrust for flight conditions encompassing static condition at sea level up to flight Mach number 0.95 in altitude 15,000 m. The DEAThruster can potentially be a practical alternative for gas turbine propulsions in all aspects when all available options for full-electric propulsions are not competitive for conventional aircraft propulsions in performance, size, and weight.
Optimization of tribo-mechanical properties of boron carbide reinforced magnesium metal matrix composite
Authors: Ravichandran Manickam , Veerappan Gopathy , Dhinakaran Veeman , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar
Published: July 2021

In this study, magnesium–boron carbide composites are developed through the powder metallurgy technique and investigated for their tribological properties using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The process parameters such as load, sliding distance, sliding velocity, and concentration (wt%) of boron carbide are optimized using Taguchi's L16 array. A lower wear rate of magnesium–boron carbide composite is obtained at optimized process parameters. Further, the analysis of variance result shows that the most dominating factor that affects the wear loss is load followed by concentration of boron carbide reinforcement. Moreover, the optimum parameters for the low wear rate of magnesium–boron carbide composites are obtained as 5 N, 6 wt% of boron carbide, 1200 m, and 3 m/s through signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Further, the mechanical properties of magnesium–boron carbide composites such as hardness and compressive strength are also analyzed. The result shows that the hardness and compressive strength of magnesium–boron carbide composites are improved with the inclusion of boron carbide reinforcement.
Fijian mats: Embodying and mediating female qualities
Authors: Hulkenberg Jara , Tarabe Akanisi , Ryle Jacqueline
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the contemporary significance and sociocultural meanings of Fijian mats. Based on research in different areas of Fiji over two decades and a University of the South Pacific workshop on weaving in 2016, the article argues that mats express relational pathways between kin groups and mediate between the material and the spiritual. It also argues that, embodying ‘female qualities’ associated with women, such as providing nurture and protection in all aspects of life and death, mats are material expressions of Fijian society and the structuring principles it is founded on and sustained by.
A comparison of monolingual and bilingual toddlers’ word recognition in noise
Authors: Morini Giovanna , Newman Rochelle S.
Published: July 2021

Aims and objectives:

The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in language exposure (i.e., being raised in a bilingual versus a monolingual environment) influence young children’s ability to comprehend words when speech is heard in the presence of background noise.

Methodology:

Forty-four children (22 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals) between the ages of 29 and 31 months completed a preferential looking task where they saw picture-pairs of familiar objects (e.g., balloon and apple) on a screen and simultaneously heard sentences instructing them to locate one of the objects (e.g., look at the apple!). Speech was heard in quiet and in the presence of competing white noise.

Data and analyses:

Children’s eye-movements were coded off-line to identify the proportion of time they fixated on the correct object on the screen and performance across groups was compared using a 2 × 3 mixed analysis of variance.

Findings:

Bilingual toddlers performed worse than monolinguals during the task. This group difference in performance was particularly clear when the listening condition contained background noise.

Originality:

There are clear differences in how infants and adults process speech in noise. To date, developmental work on this topic has mainly been carried out with monolingual infants. This study is one of the first to examine how background noise might influence word identification in young bilingual children who are just starting to acquire their languages.

Significance:

High noise levels are often reported in daycares and classrooms where bilingual children are present. Therefore, this work has important implications for learning and education practices with young bilinguals.