bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse assessment of citric acid-assisted phytoremediation of cadmium by willows (Salix spp.) - effect on photosynthetic performances and metal tolerance
Authors: Arsenov Danjela , Nikolić Nataša , Borišev Milan , Župunski Milan , Orlović Saša , Pilipović Andrej , Pajević Slobodanka
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to define effects of cadmium (Cd) applied alone and in combination with citric acid, on the plant tolerance, accumulation, translocation and photosynthesis in willows (Salix viminalis, S. matsudana and S. alba). Low metal bioavailability in soil is often the limiting factor for phytoextraction, thus citric acid was used as a chelating agent aiming to improve metal solubility and therefore accelerates phytoextraction. Willows were grown by soil culture method in semi-controlled conditions (greenhouse) with two different Cd concentrations (3 and 6 ppm), applied separately and in combination with citric acid (20 mM/kg of dry soil), followed by control plants. The reduction of plant growth, biomass, photosynthesis parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoids were induced by Cd supplied. The addition of citric acid showed beneficial effects on different morpho-physiological levels through alleviate stress conditions as well as enhancing overall phytoextraction. Citric acid (CA) has increased transport of the accumulated Cd from the roots to aerial part in S.viminalis and S.alba in comparison with same treatments without CA, as well as tolerance of analyzed clones. Significant depressive effect on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation was evident in plants grown in soil with Cd applied. A significant negative correlation between biomass production, leaf area, and photosynthesis due to the presence of Cd in plant tissue was observed in S. viminalis. Bioaccumulation factor among selected willow clones was higher than 1, reliably suggesting good potential of selected genotypes for phytoextraction.

Key words: willows, cadmium, citric acid, soil phytoextraction, photosynthesis, accumulation, translocation, tolerance
Topsoil acidity of forested mineral lands in Estonia
Authors: Kõlli Raimo , Kauer Karin , Tõnutare Tõnu
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The active acidity (pH) of forested mineral lands’ topsoil, its relationships with alternative soil acidity characteristics and the influence of soil acidity on forest soils’ profile fabric and functioning are analysed in the pedo-ecological conditions of northeastern Europe. The active acidity of the forest floor (O-horizon) was taken as the baseline for this analysis. The acidity of the forest floor was studied in accordance with the underlying soil horizons, which are humus and/or raw-humus horizons in the more fertile soils, whereas in less fertile soils, they are podzolized horizons. The data on soil acidity are presented by main soil types, forest site types, forest humus cover types (pro humus forms) and forest stand groups. In this work, the influences of forest floor acidity on mineral topsoil fabric, soil processes and peculiarities of carbon sequestration are explained. The active acidity of the forest floor provides a great indicative value in elucidating the regularities of the forest soil cover, as a whole, formation and functioning. For evaluating the normality of soil functioning, or the absence of disturbances in ecosystem functioning, the intervals of soil type specific reference pH levels have been established.
Selection of softwood species for structural and non-structural timber construction by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA)
Authors: Özşahin Şükrü , Singer Hilal , Temiz Ali , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: May 2020

In this study, the hybrid approach of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) was used in order to select the most suitable softwood timber for constraction. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Lodgepole pine (Pinus concorta), Red pine (Pinus resinosa), Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Western larch (Larix occidentalis) and Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) were evaluated in terms of economic, physical, mechanical, thermal and durability properties. According to the results, the most suitable timbers for structural and non-structural applications were determined western larch and redwood, respectively.
Situation and perspectives of European ash (Fraxinus spp.) in Ukraine: focus on eastern border
Authors: Davydenko Kateryna V , Borysova Valentyna , Shcherbak Olena , Kryshtop Yevhen , Meshkova Valentyna
Published: May 2020

The health condition of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) stands in Ukraine has become worse since 2006. Firstly, in 2011 an alien invasive pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was identified in the eastern part of the country and, subsequently, its presence was confirmed in the western and central parts. The aims of our research were to evaluate the health of ash trees and identify the main causes of ash decline in different regions of Ukraine with emphasis on ash dieback and its association with collar rots.

   Results showed that since 2013 the number of trees with ash dieback symptoms has been gradually increasing, reaching up to 92 % in 2018. Total mortality due to ash dieback was up to 9 % in 2018. Disease intensity remains high in northern and central Ukraine comparing with the east. Branch dieback, collar rots, epicormic shoots and bacterial disease of ash occurred more often in the eastern region, some symptoms were observed simultaneously. Ash bark beetle galleries, as well as foliage browsing insects, were found mostly in weakened and/or dying trees.

   It was indicated that collar rots significantly increase the mortality of ash trees. Armillaria spp. fungi were found to be frequently associated with ash dieback on living stems and fallen trees in 2017, causing high rates of mortality in the northern and central regions. For further ash conservation and breeding programmes, resistant trees in severely damaged regions should be selected to preserve genetic diversity in ash populations.

 

                                                    Keywords: Fraxinus excelsior, ash dieback, collar rot, bacterial disease, epicormic shoots, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Armillaria spp.
Sitka spruce in Estonia
Authors: Kasesalu Heino , Läänelaid Alar , Roht Urmas
Published: May 2020

An overview of introduction of Sitka spruce in Estonia. First reports of cultivation of Sitka spruce in Estonia come from 1879. In 1895, Peravalla forest area (now Järvselja) obtained a small amount of seed from Thüringen. Saplings from that seed were planted in the forest in 1904, but for 1928 all trees were perished. During the 20th century, seed of Sitka spruce from different provenance of the natural distribution area was repeatedly sown and seedlings grown in Järvselja and some other places in Estonia, but all the cultivation attempts failed sooner or later. There are no Sitka spruces remained from the pre-War period in the mainland part of Estonia. In 1984, a group of saplings from seed of 1978 was planted in Järvselja. These trees are 15 m mean height with 20.6 cm mean diameter now.

               In 1975, a small group of large Sitka spruces was found growing in a remote forest park of Suuremõisa Manor, island of Hiiumaa. These Sitka spruces were revisited by us in spring 2018, to measure the trees and determine their age by tree rings. Nine trees out of 13 bigger spruces were cored. Age of the trees exceeded nearly 120 years. The planting time coincides with work period of Karl Ahrens, the forest officer of Suuremõisa Manor at that time.

                In spring 2018, the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree group was 62 cm and mean height ca 36 m. The biggest tree had DBH 101 cm (with 37 m height) while the maximum height for the tree group was 38 m. The Suuremõisa group of Sitka spruces on 0.02 ha is remarkable by its dense stand. If to extrapolate to one hectare, the growing stock of the stand would exceed 3 thousand cubic meters.

               The vital group of Sitka spruces at Suuremõisa have proved that this foreign tree species can grow rather well in the western islands and coastal region of Estonia. Sitka spruce can grow faster than native Norway spruce in Estonia. Future decades will show the viability of Sitka spruce cultures in the mainland of Estonia.
A Phonetic Study of Korean Heritage Learners’ Production of Korean Word-initial Stops
Authors: Chang Seung-Eun , Mandock Karina
Published: May 2020

The current study investigates heritage language (HL) learners’ production of the Korean three-way stop contrast. Korean consonants include a typologically rare distinction among three types of voiceless stops typically described as plain /p, t, k/, aspirated /ph, th, kh/, and tense /p*, t*, k*/. This study examines how this phonological contrast is implemented by HL learners enrolled in a beginning level Korean class at a university. Language-specific (i.e., English and Korean) gender effects in VOT are also explored in HL learners. The results show that voice onset time (VOT) mainly serves to differentiate tense stops from plain and aspirated stops, while f0 plays a significant role in differentiating plain from aspirated and tense stops in HL learners. This finding is consistent with accounts of sound change under way in current Korean stops. The inter- and intraspeaker variations or categorical confusion with Korean plain stops commonly shown in second language (L2) learners is not found in HL learners of this study. Hence, the results of the present study support the view that HL learners preserve the phonological and phonetic benefits in their HL. In terms of gender-based differences, VOT is found to be shorter for males in plain and aspirated stops, while it is longer for males in tense stops. Finally, this study also suggests that controlling the heterogeneity of subjects mitigates the methodological challenges of HL research.
This is not the Case of the Indirect Object: Linguistic and
Sociolinguistic Factors in Double Object Marking Constructions in a Contact
Variety of Spanish from Eastern North Carolina
Authors: Viñas-de-Puig Ricard
Published: May 2020

This article presents the results of a sociolinguistic study focusing on
the expression of double object marking constructions (DbOM) in the contact
variety of Spanish spoken in Pitt County, North Carolina. For the purposes
of this article, DbOM constructions are defined as those utterances in which
an accusative or dative clitic co-occurs with a coreferential overt nominal
phrase. The data resulting from study participant interviews were analyzed
to contrast the availability and variation of DbOM constructions with
respect to sociolinguistic and linguistic factors. Confirming the initial
hypothesis stemming from the absence of any type of argument doubling in
English, the study’s results reveal that extent of daily English use in Pitt
County is a significant factor in the expression of DbOM constructions.
Moreover, and in agreement with the third proposed hypothesis, the case
assigned to the doubled argument as well as the type of predicate, rather
than the contrast between direct and indirect objects, are significant
factors in the type of object doubling observed.
Mystical Love in Confession X
Authors: Theojaya Simeon
Published: May 2020

“God ” is, in the first place, a name. Before being a person or Being, the name “God” could be anything imaginable. “What’s in a name?” “Who is the one that we love and how could we finally give account to it?” Such are the questions this paper will try to answer. This study will conduct a reading based largely on Augustine’s Confessions X, and will be dissected into two smaller parts. In the first part, I will propose the possibility of applying a mystical approach to address this issue. Then I will examine how the saint travels across his memory in search of God, as a demonstration of the mystical journey into love.
A Pentecostal Lex Legendi For Fostering Polyphonic Perspectivalism in Pentecostal Tradition
Authors: Rice Monte Lee
Published: May 2020

I begin this paper by surveying qualitative distinctives of Pentecostal Bible reading, which together contribute to the missional localizing giftedness of Pentecostalism worldwide. In Part 2 I then suggest that detrimentally incongruent to these distinctives are several Fundamentalist-Evangelical mediated postures to Scripture. In Part 3 I address this incongruence by proposing a Pentecostal lex legendi (“rule of reading”), built on Telford Work’s “Trinitarian-Ontology of Scripture.” I argue that Work’s bibliology provides a compelling theological premise for both the Pentecostal dynamic and polyvalent understanding of biblical revelation, and substantiates theological pluralism as intrinsic to Pentecostal tradition. Further building on Work’s bibliology, I then propose a Pentecostal form of lectio divina (“sacred reading”) that structures the classical/medieval fourfold Scripture sense, to a constructivist understanding of the threefold Pentecostal soteriological experiences (redemption, sanctification, and Spirit baptism). I conclude by delineating how this Pentecostal form of lectio divina may help Pentecostals identify and utilize theological hermeneutics that best foster the Pentecostal missiological giftedness, and hence the pluralizing of Pentecostalism(s) worldwide.
Peran Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Keagamaan dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: Sutisna Rohadi Joshua
Published: May 2020

Reformation was introduced to Indonesia in 1998 but it has not been able to alleviate poverty. Many think that it is the government that holds the greatest responsibility for poverty. In fact, the government is not the only stakeholder in development. The private sector and civil society organizations also play an important role in it. The Protestant Church in West Indonesia (GPIB) as part of civil society organizations seems to play a very strategic role in development, including poverty alleviation. Some studies show that the quality of leadership is one of the factors that determine GPIB’s role in reducing poverty. This is closely related to the creation of people’s character that enables the religious civil society organization to make maximum contributions to reducing poverty. Therefore, the 12S-7C5P-3S-GT Navigation Model may provide the leaders and people of GPIB with guidelines to build their character so that they will be ready and able to play a concrete role in alleviating poverty.
The Price of Monotheism
Authors: Tupamahu Ekaputra
Published: May 2020

A book review of The Price of Monotheism.
Knowing Yet Not Knowing
Authors: Onggosanusi Eko Nugroho
Published: May 2020

Is Romans 10 simply an excursus on the need for evangelism and mission in the midst of Paul’s “doctrine of predestination”? In this article, a chiasm is identified and utilized as a framework to further analyze Romans 10. It is demonstrated that the chiasm lends itself to accentuate the epistemological irony of Israel’s response to the gospel. Despite the glory of the gospel that was proclaimed in the Hebrew Bible, the majority of the Jews in Paul’s time remained in ignorance as they missed the hermeneutical key to understanding the Mosaic Law, namely, “Christ is the goal of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.” Rather than an excursus within Paul’s doctrinal discourse, Romans 10 is the climax of the irony of Israel as the most privileged people who failed in their hearing and understanding.
Nyantri Bersama John Titaley: Menakar Teks, Menilai Sejarah dan Membangun Kemanusiaan Bersama
Authors: Maliogha Albert Josua Putra
Published: May 2020

A book review of Nyantri Bersama John Titaley.
Yesus, Sang Orang Asing
Authors: Diredja Kartika
Published: May 2020

This article offers one of the alternative solutions for the struggle of the Christian-Chinese-Indonesians in facing their status as strangers in Indonesia. This status is a result of the ongoing stereotyping process which position them as a homogenous group. While in reality, their understandings of their identity in Indonesia are varied. This heterogeneity can be seen through the various alternative solution they made to face the situation. This article gives the alternative solution according to the Christian faith by understanding Jesus Christ’s status as The Stranger. The Gospels show us that Jesus chose His status as The Stranger by purpose to give meaning to it and to use it positively. For Jesus, His status as The Stranger is not a terrible thing, but rather an opportunity to work for His society. His viewpoint to His status can be the viewpoint of Chinese-Indonesians to their status. By that, they can use their status to make their presence relevant in Indonesia.
Fenomena Pemberhalaan Agama
Authors: Sipayung Parulihan
Published: May 2020

Religions tend to imprison God in their formulation. It is even not impossible that religions can replace God. The very act of replacing God is known as the idolatry of religion. Let God be God and religions be God’s hands to bring liberation to the world.
Hagar dan Putri-putrinya: Perempuan Tertindas dalam Alkitab
Authors: Ekklesi Benni Amor Salutavi
Published: May 2020

A book review of Hagar dan Putri-putrinya.
Keindahan dalam Disabilitas
Authors: Sinulingga Isabella Novsima
Published: May 2020

This article challenges conceptions of intellectual disability that view such conditions from the perspective of normalcy. In Indonesia, conversations of theological anthropology still employ a medical model lens, which perceives disability merely as bodily and intellectual impairments, thus failing the standard of "normal." Normalcy unilaterally defines disability and dictates normative approaches toward persons with disabilities. Consequently, persons with disabilities are perceived in Indonesia as mere objects of charity to be pitied. On the other hand, they remain susceptible to suffering violence. These trends owing to the fact that Indonesian society does not adequately provide either tangible resource considerations or sufficient social support. Lacunae in the theological literature concerning disability in Indonesian contexts foment in the life of the church further challenges for persons with disabilities. For persons there with intellectual disabilities, in particular, the situation is even more severe, as their condition is regarded as a kind of punishment for sin and further stigmatized as abnormal. This article offers a constructive theology of disability to dismantle the myth of normalcy, which reduces persons with disabilities to being merely impaired organisms within society. Theological musings on the beauty of all creation, the perichoretic relationship within the Trinity, the doctrines of imago Dei and imago Christi are taken up in this essay, to offer an inclusive theology expressly for persons with intellectual disabilities.
Penunggang Kuda Putih Itu Adalah Ida Sang Hyang Yesus Kristus, Sang Awatara
Authors: Supradnyana I Gede
Published: May 2020

In this essay, I present an understanding of Jesus from the perspective of Balinese Christians in Central Sulawesi. As an example of a reader-response method, Revelation 19:11-21 has been historically read there in light of a Balinese worldview. Such readings meet with the Balinese interpretation of the white-horse rider (Jesus) as the awatara (avatar) that will come again to fight evil (adharma) and to establish righteousness (dharma) on earth. Insights to be culled from such work include increased awareness of our ecological plight, as well as heightened urgency to address both the moral decline of society and the contemporary phenomenon of indifference toward religion.
Menantang Paradigma Misi Kristen yang Bersifat Kognitif-Proposisional dengan Mengembangkan Pengetahuan Historis Misi
Authors: Bangun Maraike Joanna Belle
Published: May 2020

Mission, a basic facet of Christianity, has been deployed in many different ways. One strategy has been by means of violence, rooted as this approach has been in a cognitive-propositional mode of thinking. In this article, I show the importance of maintaining a historical understanding of mission, in order to challenge certain realizations of Christian mission-driven by such a cognitive-propositional paradigm. This article appropriates aspects of George A. Lindbeck’s thought, in order to explain the characteristics of the cognitive-propositional paradigm and its implications for Christian mission.
"Plans to Prosper You"
Authors: The Christopher
Published: May 2020

Immigrant churches function as interpretive interstices, where assimilation strategies are adjudicated and clashing cultural norms negotiated. Addressing purported Asian American malaise vis-à-vis civic engagement, I propose a practical theology method that privileges interlocution between a scriptural hermeneutics of diaspora and certain insights from social science. In the case of Asian American Christianity, how might immigrant churches more faithfully seek the "city's" shalom? What resources are available to evangelical migrants—and their children—for helping define identity and sense of belonging in this (new) land? How might immigrant churches better serve their ethnic constituencies within the context of American civic society? Thoughtful appropriation of the mantle of exile on the part of immigrant Christians helps to theologize that space of perpetual foreignness within contemporary American society. Immigrant churches are called to foster exilic interpretive imaginaries, in order to discern divine agency and faithful human response within the very contexts where God has dispersed God's people. One such example of doing practical theology is here offered.
Muslim and Catholic Pilgrimage Practices: Explorations through Java
Authors: Harmakaputra Hans A.
Published: May 2020

A book review of Muslim and Catholic Pilgrimage Practices.
Ketidaktaatan Sipil dan Pilihan Golput
Authors: Siburian Togardo
Published: May 2020

This article seeks to connect the ethics of civil disobedience with the practices of golput (abstaining from voting), that is, purposeful abstention from voting in Indonesia's general elections. By describing golput as a form of civil disobedience—for its ability to mobilize on principle; for its aims to achieve certain moral ideals—I argue that golput comprises the conscientious and soft-resistance of many citizens, in their struggle for civil rights. Evangelicals and their churches ought to perceive this issue of social ethics primarily within the framework of theology, not politics. Indeed during Indonesia's Reformasi era many of democracy's ideals—including justice and prosperity—have been misused for the fulfillment of the self-interest of the few people in power. Indonesian Christians, therefore, have a responsibility to act against such abuses of power, necessitating a theological framing for understanding the praxis of golput as a form of civil disobedience.
Wahai Pengikut Kristus, Mainkanlah Drama yang Mentransformasikan Itu!
Authors: Yosia Adrianus
Published: May 2020

This article calls Christians to engage in true, transformative action, in Indonesia. To attain to such an alluring provocation, I employ the theatrical ideas of Kevin J. Vanhoozer—namely his thought contribution of "the drama of doctrine"—which I propose finds a suitable complement in Miroslav Volf’s "prophetic religion"- descriptor of Christianity." The combination results in the constructive theopoetic composite I call "transformative drama"—namely, theatrical Christian action that effects change within and leverage impact upon the social locations of the transformative-active Christian.
Woman, Man, and God in Modern Islam
Authors: Wilar Abraham Silo
Published: May 2020

A book review of Woman, Man, and God in Modern Islam.
Sebuah Upaya Pembacaan Poskolonial dengan Metode Dialog Imaginatif Antara Foto Soeharto “Piye Kabare, Penak Jamanku To?" dan Teks Keluaran 14:10-12; 16:1-3; 17:3
Authors: Pontororing Angela
Published: May 2020

Around year 2013, Soeharto’s meme “Piye kabare, penak jamanku to?” was heavily distributed around society in many forms, such as stickers, t-shirts and also in internet. Even though New Order regime can be said as a regime colored with violence and oppression, Indonesian civilians still showing intention to bring back the New Order system rather than living in the crisis they’re facing at that time. The same symptoms can be seen in the exodus narration of the Israeli from Egypt. In the time of crisis, the Israeli cried their wish to go back to slavery in Egypt. To build a contextual theology that is more sensitive to actual socio-political issues, these symptoms need to be studied further. Therefore, this article uses a postcolonial perspective to read two texts which were born from two different contexts. Dialogical imagination was chosen as a method to draw these three things together in one critical analytical reading.
Narasi para Korban sebagai Basis Konstruksi Identitas Sosial Kristen yang Terbuka
Authors: Lusi Astrid Bonik
Published: May 2020

Narratives of the violence victims can contribute to an open Christian social identity. This article contains violence narratives of women in East Timor and narratives about First Peter community. There are two reasons behind the selection of those narratives. First, both narratives are violence narratives from the victims’ perspective and trauma narratives. Second, those different narratives show the link between narratives in everyday life and narratives that come from the Bible. The purpose of the selection of these narratives is to give a deep understanding of violence and trauma and their contribution to the construction of an open Christian social identity.
A Critical Appreciation to Thomas Groome's Shared Praxis Approach
Authors: Harjanto Sutrisna
Published: May 2020

Thomas Groome’s shared Christian praxis approach is the fruit of a genius effort to draw theological, philosophical, and pedagogical insights from various, sometimes opposite, resources, and blend them together to provide a rich approach in Christian religious education. His approach can be understood better by exploring the theological and the philosophical frameworks behind it, and also the historical background that influences Groome, which shaped his thoughts and to which he reacted.

Among the significant contributions of this approach are an enriched epistemology for Christian religious education and a balance/holistic approach between theory and praxis, and between Christian Story/Vision and participant’s stories/vision. There are, however, some points that need to be critically challenged in order to make this approach more fruitful, such as his overemphasis of freedom as the purpose of Christian religious education and the absence of clearer boundary markers between the constitutive and nonconstitutive elements of the Christian Story/Vision in this approach.
Pendampingan Pastoral yang Memberdayakan Penyintas Sinabung yang Mengalami Trauma
Authors: Sriulina Indah
Published: May 2020

Hidden trauma within the survivors of an erupting Mount Sinabung has made it difficult for survivors to think objectively about the future—a limitation that has "contaminated" them, with regard to the past. Concerning this disaster, ongoing from 2010 until now, the urgency for physical relocation is clear. Nevertheless, this remains an unheeded warning. To address this issue, the author articulates here a method of pastoral care with the intent to affect physical relocation. Rather than rushing ahead to the end result, the author instead forwards an alternative approach, namely, the relocation of memory. Relocation of memory describes a method of pastoral care that assists in recognizing the danger to come if survivors remain unwilling to undergo physical relocation. Relocation of memory thus helps survivors to realize that life moves on, even with certain trauma.
Tafsir Alegoris, Konstruksi Teologis, dan Unsur Erotis dalam Kitab Kidung Agung
Authors: Wijaya Agetta Putri
Published: May 2020

Song of Songs is afforded relatively rare attention in church, where an allegorical mode of reading often continues to serve as the default interpretative strategy for examining this particular book of the Bible. And this remains the case, despite the development of numerous other approaches that can better account for elements of eroticism as contained in that book. In this essay, discursive problematics arising from the interpretation of Song of Songs are considered in detail, in order to ascertain the reason for the church's aversion toward using some such exegetical method that would be more attuned to the erotic elements within Song of Songs. One's own willingness to be open to such erotic elements in Song of Songs may even assist in bringing the church to realize the riches to be found therein. Such riches may then also serve as basis for a more progressive constructive theology concerning human sexuality. As such, the church may thus regard Song of Songs as its biblical warrant for constructing a theology that regards sexuality in a more positive manner.
Surat Jerami di Meja Austin
Authors: Aruan Abel Kristofel
Published: May 2020

Many hermeneutical approaches have been developed in response to interpretive difficulties arising from the reading of text, especially sacred writings. The linguistic ontology developed by John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) might offer a novel perspective for “reading” such an utterance. For Austin, there are multiple kinds of speech effected in the instance of human uttering. A given action therefore results out of a person’s given speech. Austin terms “performative utterance” that action performed by way of speech. Further explicating his speech-act theory, Austin outlines that the action exemplified by a given speech are, in fact, three simultaneous acts—first the “locutionary act,” as the compilation of the particular words uttered; next the “illocutionary act,” as the force rendered by this given speech; then the “perlocutionary act,” as the effect consequentially achieved upon a speech’s audience. By proposing that Austin’s approach be deployed to interpret the Epistle of James, I consider a number of ways in which such an interpretation would be demonstrably enriched via speech-act theory. I contend that an interpreter of James’ letter must distinguish among the three kinds of acts being performed in the work of the epistolary author. The culminating aim, then, is to discern what outcomes might have been intended by the epistolary author, in relation to the letter’s original audience.
Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant
Authors: Susanta Yohanes Krismantyo
Published: May 2020

A book review of Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant
Perempuan Kristiani Indonesia Berteologi Feminis dalam Konteks
Authors: Nenohai Jear N. D. K.
Published: May 2020

A book review of Perempuan Kristiani Indonesia
Karl Barth and Karl Marx
Authors: Sihombing Daniel
Published: May 2020

This article is a preliminary attempt to understand the theology of Karl Barth in its relation to the ideas of Karl Marx. Barth mentions the name of Marx many times throughout his own writings and gives some theological responses to Marx’ thoughts, in modes both appreciative and critical. Barth even once claimed that theology properly worked out would result in a promise for liberation preferable to that of Marx. In this initial phase of research, the present article surveys the mentions of Marx throughout Barth’s works. The author considers each mention in context, before sketching in general and then identifying in specific certain themes resulting from this preliminary investigation, to be explored in further research.
Dua Tangan Allah Merangkul Semesta
Authors: Adiprasetya Joas
Published: May 2020

This article proposes a Trinitarian imagination that demonstrates the embrace of the whole universe by the Son and the Holy Spirit, the two hands of God, through the creation and perfection of the universe. Both divine acts take place in the incarnation of the Son and the inhabitation of the Holy Spirit. The Trinitarian perichoretic principle also applies to the relationship between God and creation in such a way that, not only is the whole universe in the Son (panentheism), but so too the Holy Spirit permeates the whole universe (theenpanism). As a result, Christian theology offers a comforting pastoral message, namely, that the universe is never entirely separable from the loving communion of the Triune God.
Menemukan Teologi Leonardo Boff dalam Ensiklik Paus Fransiskus Laudato Si'
Authors: Ranboki Buce A.
Published: May 2020

As a Catholic theologian at the vanguard of liberation theology, Leonardo Boff wrote much about the poor and of the destruction of nature. Boff constructed his theology on the basis of Vatican II’s (1962-1965) spirit of aggiornamento. Eventually, and with much controversy, Boff opted to leave the Franciscan order, having oft-criticized the doctrines and social teachings of the Catholic Church deemed “lukewarm” toward structural poverty and Latin American socio-economic life that had been impacted by the actions of junta militarism; as well, he criticized both the hierarchical spirit of the Roman Catholic Church and the doctrine of papal infallibility. Since the election of Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Pope Francis), who has dedicated his life and theology to address the destruction of nature and the cries of the poor, the spirit of Boff's theology seems again to be on the rise. My conviction is that the theological content of Laudato si’ displays something of a Boffian character, the import of which propels the present study. By way of comparative method, I show that there are similarities in the theologies of both theologians. This essay begins with an exploration of Boff's theology, continuing with an exploration of the text of the encyclical Laudato si’, followed by the bringing together of these texts comparatively. By the end of this paper, a critique concerning the concept of sustainable development will be put forth.
Tragic Vision and Divine Compassion: A Contemporary Theodicy
Authors: Layantara Jessica Novia
Published: May 2020

A book review of Tragic Vision and Divine Compassion
Mati dan Bangkit Bersama Kristus
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit , Sasongko Nindyo
Published: May 2020

What is “spirituality”? The term finds wide usage in the literature today, yet its meaning remains nebulous. One crucial problem lies in how precepts and propositions are maintained as truth, oftentimes becoming obstacles for the flourishing of authentic spirituality. In our reading of Colossians 2:16–3:4, we see the challenges Colossian Christians faced as stemming not from what has been termed the “Colossian heresy,” but rather from what we are calling the “Colossian orthodoxy.” Those who were enthusiastically eager in spiritual matters built stumbling blocks for the spiritual growth of others. In contrast, the epistolary author underscores for the Colossian church just how important is their union with Christ, which must be manifest in their everyday lives. We contend that authentic spirituality relies upon the love of God for the people of God, not on religious precepts.
Manusia Pertama Itu Namanya Ina
Authors: Tiwery Weldemina Yudit
Published: May 2020

This article elucidates the concept of creation, which is examined through the narrative of the creation of the Moluccas and the first Moluccans. As with Hebrew, Babylonian or Greek mythological tradition, the Moluccans also maintain a historical narration of the creation myth. This myth within the Moluccan tradition begs to be interpreted. The Moluccas (Nusaina) are considered by Moluccans to be a home shared as fellow brothers (and sisters), emerging from one womb of Ina (mother) who inhabits the realm of Nusaina. This creation narrative focuses on the role of Ina or mother as the central figure. Ina is she who is pregnant, breastfeeding, nurturing and raising. Beyond myth, this narrative also contains theological value, which needs to be constructed to offer theological meaning for the people of the Moluccas.
Perkembangan Tafsir Perjanjian Lama dan Pembacaan Kitab Ayub Bersama Dengan Orang-orang Yang Hidup dengan HIV/AIDS
Authors: Margianto Aris
Published: May 2020

Throughout the long historical development of biblical hermeneutics—in phases from the implicit-practical to the theoretical reflective—consideration for the meaning of a text is determined by what is 'behind', 'inside', or 'in front of' it. Among the hermeneutical perspectives available in today's postmodern era, biblical interpretive methods can be categorized according to whether they refer to (1) the author and his world, (2) the text and its world, (3) the reader and his/her/their world, or (4) the thing and its world. Over the past few decades, approaches oriented toward the reader have gained in influence. Of profound interest is the book of Job and its reading by those who live with HIV/AIDS. The book of Job, in its presentation of the suffering person as the central figure, raises a paradox that brings readers to laughter. The book of Job is, therefore, a consoling read.
Francis of Rome & Francis of Assisi: A New Springtime for the Church; The Sin of White Supremacy: Christianity, Racism, and Religious Diversity in America; The Cross in Contexts: Suffering and Redemption in Palestine
Authors: Sasongko Nindyo
Published: May 2020

A book review of three books: Francis of Rome & Francis of Assisi, The Sin of White Supremacy, and The Cross in Contexts.
Liturgi Sebagai Ruang Transformasi
Authors: Gunawan Hizkia Anugrah
Published: May 2020

Echoes of liturgical renewal have come to pervade a number of churches these past decades. Alternatively, one finds that the discourse concerning mission is being abandoned by the church and domain of theology, alike. Yet a closer look at the principles undergirding the liturgical renewal movement shows a certain connection between liturgy and mission. Notion of a missional liturgy further emphasizes the link between the two. Constructive efforts leading to these findings thus generate enthusiasm for the renewal of liturgy as transformative space. This enthusiastic spirit ought to encourage the church to designate liturgy as space within which the church is to perform its mission.
"Yang Lain" Dalam Pemikiran Levinas dan Ricoeur Terkait Prinsip Hidup Bermasyarakat
Authors: Simon John C.
Published: May 2020

Levinas and Ricoeur share a concerted attention for the Other. Each bases his thought upon the understanding that philosophy ought primarily be construed as ethics, with a political dimension able to transform life unto justice. However, each also approaches the task of justice differently. Levinas adopts an asymmetric ethic that I should do justice to the poor, the stranger, the marginalized and the orphaned, yet without expecting anything in return. For him, such responsibility precedes one’s being. On the other hand, Ricoeur adopts a symmetrical and reciprocal ethics, where the praxis of a good and just life resembled collaboration, where each person contributes ideas and efforts to promote that very same good and just life. Ricoeur likewise sounds an ethical call for justice within institutions, such as the nation-state that becomes a vehicle for collaborate efforts toward justice. Asymmetrical as well as symmetrical ethical callings signal equally vital elements for the construction of a contextual political theology in Indonesia. This article highlights two crucial themes in fair economic behavior and religiously based communalism. Within the frame of a democratic nation-state, the communalistic nature of Pancasila can serve as a means for political theologizing that shifts the orientation from center to periphery.
Perempuan Penyembuh
Authors: Ranboki Buce A.
Published: May 2020

In Timor, the traditional healing practices of mnane (a Healer or healing woman) are alleged as “shamanism.” All the same, this accusation originates from area church as religious institution that had been founded upon Calvinistic values. What is sadder still, Healers are labeled superstitious, irrational, and profane. Such accusations marginalize and wound their dignity as women. The theological question is whether the source of such healing power would have caused the church to construct theological assumptions that would be so androcentric, rationalistic, and supremely concerned with accuracy. In this study, I would argue that the church must construct a theology that is truly born-of and favorable-toward women, as it also ushers Healers into the hospitality of the church-as-space for dialogue, partnership, and empowerment. Through the feminist approach of Mery Kolimon, the inspirational Teologi Rakyat (grassroots theology) of John Campbell-Nelson, and Trinitarian theological imagery, I urge that traditional Healers deserve enfranchisement and inclusion in the fellowship and friendship of the church as both form and function of the ‘Church's sacramental’ for the work of empowerment and healing.
Partisipasi, Komunitarian, dan Eskatologi
Authors: Paledung Christianto Sema Rappan
Published: May 2020

This article proposes an imaginative constructive theology the membali puang in Rambu Solo' [Toraja funeral rites]. The soteriological notion of the Aluk Todolo [Way of the Ancestors] assumes that humans at first were divine beings and would eventually return [membali] to being divine, puang. I will situate membali puang in dialogue with the notion of theōsis from the tradition of Eastern Orthodoxy, as exemplified in the work of Vladimir Lossky. He argues that participation in Trinitarian life occurs only in the divine energy. Therefore, in an imaginative way, I propose that membali puang as theōsis enjoys a similar character of being participatory, communitarian, and eschatological.
Merupa Teater Kemuliaan Allah Sebagai Ruang Publik
Authors: Yosia Adrianus
Published: May 2020

This article attempts to conceptualize the notion of ‘public sphere’ from the perspectives of Reformed theology and religious studies. This construction proceeds using a largely forgotten theological concept put forth by Calvin, namely the theater of God’s glory, in tandem with Ninian Smart’s phenomenological scaffold of the seven dimensions of religion. Through this constructive act, the author intends to demonstrate that Calvin’s concept of the theater of God’s glory can become a kind of ‘public sphere’ by means of an integration of thought with the aid of religious studies.
Arah Baru Pendidikan Kristiani di Indonesia?
Authors: Sasongko Nindyo
Published: May 2020

This is an editor introduction to the special issue on Christian Education in Indonesia
Dekolonialisasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Indonesia
Authors: Lauterboom Mariska
Published: May 2020

This article explores the importance of decolonizing Christian religious education in Indonesia, especially in churches that were established during Dutch colonialism, by engaging in an expressly postcolonial and decolonial approach. After briefly tracing and criticizing the long history of Western colonialism concerning educational practice, this paper presents a variegated rationale connecting the content, relations, and methods within education in the present moment with those of the past—such that education today be seen as reflecting traces of the oppressive and colonizing education of yesteryear. The alternative to this is decolonization, by which a decolonial imagination attends that relational space of teaching-learning in order to transform and liberate Christian religious education in the postcolonial context of Indonesia. In this imagination, there is no body/mind dualism nor sacred/profane binary, and God is present to meet all as Liberator.
Network-risk: an open GIS toolbox for estimating the implications of transportation network damage due to natural hazards, tested for Bucharest, Romania
Authors: Toma-Danila Dragos , Armas Iuliana , Tiganescu Alexandru
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Due to their widespread and continuous expansion, transportation networks are considerably exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides or hurricanes. The vulnerability of specific segments and structures among bridges, tunnels, pumps or storage tanks can translate not only into direct losses but also into significant indirect losses at the systemic level. Cascading effects such as post-event traffic congestion, building debris or tsunamis can contribute to an even greater level of risk. To support the effort of modeling the natural hazards' implications at the full
transportation network scale, we developed a new applicable framework,
relying on (i) GIS to define, analyze and represent transportation networks; (ii) methods for determining the probability of network segments to fail due to natural-hazard effects; (iii) Monte Carlo simulation for multiple scenario generation; (iv) methods to analyze the implications of connectivity loss on emergency intervention times and transit disruption; and (v) correlations with other vulnerability and risk indicators. Currently, the framework is integrated into ArcGIS Desktop as a toolbox entitled “Network-risk”, which makes use of the ModelBuilder functions and is free to download and modify. Network-risk is an attempt to bring together interdisciplinary research with the goal of creating an automated solution to deliver insights on how a transportation network can be affected by natural hazards, directly and indirectly, assisting in risk evaluation and mitigation planning. In this article we present and test Network-risk at the full urban scale for the road network of Bucharest. This city is one of Europe's most exposed capitals to earthquakes, with high seismic-hazard values and a vulnerable building stock but also significant traffic congestion problems not yet accounted for in risk analyses and risk reduction strategies.
Evaluating the Development of Competences of Students in the Master-Level Course in Socioemotional Learning for Personal and Professional Development (MAESE)
Authors: Rodriguez Martínez Ana , Cortés Pascual Alejandra , Rodriguez-Ledo Cesar , Royo Francisco
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the impact that the Master-level course in Socioemotional Learning for Personal and Social Development (hereinafter MAESE) has had on socioemotional skills, positive psychology (dispositional optimism and satisfaction with life), the level of communicative and teamwork skills developed through coaching, and the capacity for entrepreneurship and innovation in the students of four consecutive graduating classes. This Master-level course has been taught at the University of Zaragoza in a blended-instruction form since 2014 and is currently in its sixth year. The methodology used here is eminently quantitative through an ex post facto descriptive study, although in the coaching and entrepreneurship block, qualitative information is also collected through open-ended questions. The results show that after completing the MAESE, there are few significant improvements in socioemotional skills (MSCEIT). On the other hand, there are significant improvements in the participants’ dispositional optimism (Life Orientation Test), satisfaction with life (SWLS), skill development through coaching, and ability to undertake projects and to innovate (PTWS). We conclude by reinforcing the importance of and responsibility to evaluate the impact that university training has on its students, especially for degrees covering emotion-related content.