bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Loop-Flower Basis Functions to Analyze Electromagnetic Scattering Problems of PEC Scatterers
Authors: Xiao Gaobiao
Published: March 2014

This paper discusses the application of loop-flower basis functions for solving surface integral equations involved in electromagnetic scattering problems on perfectly electrically conducting surfaces. Flower-shaped basis functions are proposed to replace the conventional star basis functions. The flower basis functions are defined based on mesh nodes instead of surface triangles. It is shown that the loop-flower basis functions not only can be used to handle the electromagnetic scattering problems at very low frequencies, but also can be directly used to implement Calderon preconditioners for EFIEs.
Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
Authors: Çoban Arzu , İsmail Küçükali Cem , Bilgiç Başar , Yalçınkaya Nazlı , Haytural Hazal , Ulusoy Canan , Turan Selin , Çakır Sibel , Üçok Alp , Ünübol Hüseyin , Hanagasi Hasmet A. , Gürvit Hakan , Tüzün Erdem
Published: March 2014

Background. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia.Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-neuronal antibody screening in dementia patients.Methods. Fifty consecutive patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for primary dementia, 130 control patients, and 50 healthy controls were included. Their sera were investigated for several ion channel and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies by a cell-based assay, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA, as required.Results. Sixteen patients satisfying dementia criteria had atypical findings or findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was detected in a patient with dementia, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fulfilling the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). One control patient with bipolar disease displayed low anti-GAD antibody levels.Conclusions. Our study showed for the first time the presence of parkinsonism and RBD in an anti-NMDAR encephalitis patient mimicking DLB. Although autoimmune encephalitis patients may occasionally present with cognitive decline, most dementia patients do not exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies, suggesting that routine analysis of these antibodies in dementia is not mandatory, even though they display atypical features.
Determination of Slope Safety Factor with Analytical Solution and Searching Critical Slip Surface with Genetic-Traversal Random Method
Authors: Niu Wen-jie
Published: March 2014

In the current practice, to determine the safety factor of a slope with two-dimensional circular potential failure surface, one of the searching methods for the critical slip surface is Genetic Algorithm (GA), while the method to calculate the slope safety factor is Fellenius’ slices method. However GA needs to be validated with more numeric tests, while Fellenius’ slices method is just an approximate method like finite element method. This paper proposed a new method to determine the minimum slope safety factor which is the determination of slope safety factor with analytical solution and searching critical slip surface with Genetic-Traversal Random Method. The analytical solution is more accurate than Fellenius’ slices method. The Genetic-Traversal Random Method uses random pick to utilize mutation. A computer automatic search program is developed for the Genetic-Traversal Random Method. After comparison with other methods like slope/w software, results indicate that the Genetic-Traversal Random Search Method can give very low safety factor which is about half of the other methods. However the obtained minimum safety factor with Genetic-Traversal Random Search Method is very close to the lower bound solutions of slope safety factor given by the Ansys software.
Simplified Formulae for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbines Clutter on Marine Radars
Authors: Grande Olatz , Cañizo Josune , Angulo Itziar , Jenn David , Danoon Laith R. , Guerra David , de la Vega David
Published: March 2014

The potential impact that offshore wind farms may cause on nearby marine radars should be considered before the wind farm is installed. Strong radar echoes from the turbines may degrade radars’ detection capability in the area around the wind farm. Although conventional computational methods provide accurate results of scattering by wind turbines, they are not directly implementable in software tools that can be used to conduct the impact studies. This paper proposes a simple model to assess the clutter that wind turbines may generate on marine radars. This method can be easily implemented in the system modeling software tools for the impact analysis of a wind farm in a real scenario.
Can We Improve the Biopsy Quality of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Tumors? Single-Center Preliminary Results of a New Biopsy Forceps
Authors: Al-Qahtani Saeed M. , Legraverend Dorian , Gil-Diez de Medina Sixtina , Sibony Mathilde , Traxer Olivier
Published: March 2014

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the biopsy quality of upper urinary tract urothelial transitional cell carcinoma with a new biopsy forceps (BIGopsy®, Cook Medical) compared to a classic biopsy forceps (Piranha®, Boston Scientific). Patients and Methods: From December 2009 to December 2011, 20 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial transitional cell carcinoma underwent conservative treatment endoscopically. All lesions were evaluated and biopsied with 3 Fr cup forceps using both types of forceps (BIGopsy and Piranha). A single pathologist blindly analyzed the specimens in order to determine the optimal biopsy for each patient. Specimen histopathology results were graded; however, they were staged if the lamina propria was not invaded (T1) or if the tumor was detected at the lamina propria (T1+). Results: Of the 20 upper urinary tract lesions, 12 (60%) were in the renal pelvis, 3 (15%) in the upper calyx, 1 (5%) in the middle calyx, 1 (5%) in the lower calyx, 1 (5%) in the upper third of the ureter and 2 (10%) in the middle third of the ureter. We did not detect T1 in all biopsies. One patient had no valid biopsies by both forceps. A diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma was made in 17 BIGopsy biopsies compared to 7 Piranha biopsies. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of cases, our study demonstrated the advantage of the new forceps (BIGopsy) in obtaining a valid biopsy of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors. Therefore, we recommend it in evaluating this pathology for optimal treatment.
Bilaterally Positive Biopsy Cores Are Associated with Non-Organ-Confined Disease in Prostate Cancer Patients Eligible for Active Surveillance
Authors: Umbehr Martin H. , Largo Remo A. , Gfeller Sabrina , Tremp Mathias , Poyet Cédric , Paul Michaela , Sulser Tullio , Müntener Michael
Published: March 2014

Purpose: To investigate the association between the laterality of diagnostic prostate cancer-positive biopsy cores and definitive tumor stage on final pathology (organ-confined versus non-organ-confined). Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 165 men after radical prostatectomy fulfilling our active surveillance criteria at the time of surgery. Nominal variables were compared using Fisher's exact test, continuous variables using Mann-Whitney test. Odds ratios including 95% Wald and probabilities including 95% Wilson confidence intervals are provided. Results: 5 (3%) patients had non-organ-confined disease: 2 out of 144 (1%) patients with unilateral and 3 out of 17 (18%) patients with bilateral cancer-positive biopsy cores (p = 0.009). The estimated odds ratio for non-organ-confined disease was 14.67 (95% confidence interval 1.55-189.23) for patients with bilateral compared to patients with unilateral cancer-positive biopsy cores. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of bilaterally positive biopsies as an additional criterion to identify non-organ-confined disease are 60, 91 and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: In our cohort, patients with bilaterally positive biopsy cores were significantly more likely to harbor a non-organ-confined tumor than patients with unilaterally positive cores. Due to their high specificity, bilaterally positive biopsies may represent a reasonable exclusion criterion for active surveillance if our results are corroborated in further studies.
The Thrombotic Events in Polycythemia Vera Patients May Be Related to Increased Oxidative Stress
Authors: Durmus Ahmet , Mentese Ahmet , Yilmaz Mustafa , Sumer Aysegul , Akalin Ibrahim , Topal Cevat , Alver Ahmet
Published: March 2014

Objective: This study was designed to compare the oxidative stress parameters of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) to those of healthy volunteers and to investigate the probable relationship between vascular events and parameters of oxidative status such as total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index (OSI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in PV patients. Material and Methods: Thirty-five PV patients (20 males and 15 females) and 20 healthy volunteers (11 males and 9 females) were enrolled. The oxidative status parameters of the patients were measured by spectrophotometric analyses at the time of diagnosis and at 6 months after treatment which consisted of phlebotomy and 100 mg/day acetyl salicylic acid with or without hydroxyurea for the high- and low-risk disease group, respectively. These parameters were compared both to healthy controls and to each other, in order to obtain the values before and after treatment. In addition, during diagnosis, the oxidative status parameters of patients with PV and a history of a vascular event were compared with those of patients with no history of a vascular event. Results: The TOS, OSI and MDA values were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group at the time of diagnosis. At 6 months after phlebotomy and 100 mg/day acetyl salicylic acid therapy, the TOS, OSI and MDA values were significantly lower in the patients when compared to the pretreatment values. The TOS and OSI levels were notably higher in the patients with a vascular-event history than in those without this history. Conclusion: Oxidative stress parameters were increased in PV patients.
Effect of Polymorphisms in the NADSYN1/DHCR7 Locus (rs12785878 and rs1790349) on Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Incidence
Authors: Abu el Maaty Mohamed A. , Hassanein Sally I. , Sleem Hameis M. , Gad Mohamed Z.
Published: March 2014

Background/Aims: Recent genome-wide association studies have identified the rs1790349 and rs12785878 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), present in the NADSYN1/DHCR7 locus, as an influential player on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, which itself has been linked to various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the association of these SNPs with CVD and 25(OH)D levels. Methods: Sixty- three male patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD) were recruited, as well as 31 age- and sex-matched controls. Genotyping was performed by sequencing, whereas plasma 25(OH)D levels were assessed by HPLC-UV. Results: Statistical insignificance was observed in comparing the genotype distribution of patients and controls for both the rs12785878 (NADSYN1) polymorphism (p = 0.097) and the rs1790349 (DHCR7; p = 0.9). Comparison of allelic distributions of rs1790349 and rs12785878 yielded insignificant results (p = 0.7, OR: 0.58-2.6 and p = 0.14, OR: 0.88-2.85, respectively). Taking together patients and controls, both SNPs were found to influence total 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001) as well as 25(OH)D3 levels only in controls. Conclusion: This study further supports the evidence of the ability of the investigated SNPs to predict circulating 25(OH)D levels, nonetheless opposing their use as genetic markers for CAD.
P2X1-initiated p38 signalling enhances thromboxane A2-induced platelet secretion and aggregation
Authors: Huang Zhangsen , Liu Pu , Zhu Linjing , Li Nailin , Hu Hu
Published: March 2014

ATP released by activated platelets can serve as a positive feedback machinery to amplify platelet responses by activating P2X1 receptors. It has, however, not been defined how P2X1 activities influence thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-stimulated platelet functional responses. Our aim was to elaborate the molecular mechanisms of P2X1 engagements in TXA2-induced platelet secretion and aggregation. P2X1 inhibition by 1 µM NF449 inhibited platelet P-selectin expression induced by a low concentration of the TXA2 analogue U46619 (0.3 µM) (32.0 ± 2.0% vs 43.4 ± 3.0%; n=5; p<0.05). p38 inhibition by SB203580, but not ERK inhibition by U0126, elicited a similar inhibition by NF499. The combination of NF449 and SB203580 provided, however, no additive effects. U46619-induced platelet aggregation was similarly decreased by NF449 and SB203580 alone or incombination, and by P2×1 pre-desensitisation with α,β-Me-ATP. U46619 caused rapid and reversible P2×1-dependent p38 phosphorylation. However, the P2X1-p38 pathway mainly enhanced mild platelet activation by U46619, because α,β-Me-ATP supplementation or p38 blockade had no effect on intense platelet activation induced by a higher concentration of U46619 (3 µM). In conclusion, P2×1 activation, via p38 signalling, potentiates platelet activation initiated by low doses of U46619. Hence, the P2X1-induced p38 signalling promotes more robust platelet activation in response to mild platelet stimuli.
Randomised, double-blind trial on the value of tapered discontinuation of clopidogrel maintenance therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Fiedler K. Anette , Mehilli Julinda , Kufner Sebastian , Schlichting Anna , Ibrahim Tareq , Sibbing Dirk , Ott Ilka , Schunkert Heribert , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Kastrati Adnan , Schulz Stefanie
Published: March 2014

There is little evidence on the optimal mode of clopidogrel discontinuation. Epidemiological studies observed clustering of thrombotic events after cessation of chronic clopidogrel therapy. The underlying mechanism has been ascribed to transient platelet hyper-reactivity. Gradual tapering of clopidogrel may have the potential to attenuate this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to assess whether in patients with drug-eluting stents (DES) gradual discontinuation of clopidogrel maintenance therapy is superior to conventional, abrupt discontinuation. Patients with planned discontinuation of chronic clopidogrel therapy after DES implantation were randomised in a double-blinded fashion to either gradual discontinuation (according to a tapering schema over four weeks) or abrupt discontinuation (after continued clopidogrel therapy for additional four weeks). The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, major bleeding or rehospitalisation due to an acute coronary syndrome at 90 days. Enrollment of 3,000 patients was planned. The study was stopped prematurely due to slow recruitment after enrollment of 782 patients. At 90 days, nine of 392 patients (2.3%) with tapered cessation reached the primary endpoint compared to five of 390 patients (1.3%) with abrupt cessation (p=0.284). The composite of death or myocardial infarction occurred in three patients with tapered and three patients with abrupt discontinuation (p=0.764). In conclusion, tapered discontinuation of chronic clopidogrel therapy is not superior to abrupt discontinuation regarding the primary endpoint in this study. However, the results must be interpreted in view of the premature termination of the trial and low event rates.
Fibrinogen measurement in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: Analysis of repeatability and agreement of Clauss method within and between six different laboratories
Authors: Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Tripodi Armando , Schlimp Christoph J. , Schöchl Herbert , Cadamuro Janne , Winstedt Dag , Asmis Lars , Ranucci Marco , Solomon Cristina
Published: March 2014

Plasma fibrinogen concentration is important for coagulopathy assessment, and is most commonly measured using the Clauss method. Several factors, including device type and reagent, have been shown to affect results. The study objective was to evaluate performance and repeatability of the Clauss method and to assess differences between measurements performed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), by testing plasma samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Samples were collected from 30 patients before surgery, approximately 20 minutes before weaning from CPB, and 5 minutes after CPB and protamine. Fibrinogen concentration was determined using the Clauss method at six quality-controlled specialised laboratories, according to accredited standard operating procedures. Regarding within-centre agreement for Clauss measurement, mean differences between duplicate measurements were between 0.00 g/l and 0.15 g/l, with intervals for 95% limits of agreement for mean Bland-Altman differences up to 1.3 g/l. Regarding between-centre agreement, some mean differences between pairs of centres were above 0.5 g/l. Differences of up to ∼2 g/l were observed with individual samples. Increased variability was observed between centres, with inter-class correlation values below 0.5 suggesting only fair agreement. There were no significant differences in fibrinogen concentration before weaning from CPB and after CPB for most centres and methods. In conclusion, considerable differences exist between Clauss-based plasma fibrinogen measured using different detection methods. Nevertheless, the similarity between measurements shortly before weaning from CPB and after CPB within centres suggests that on-pump measurements could provide an early estimation of fibrinogen deficit after CPB and thus guidance for haemostatic therapy.
A synopsis of the multilocular species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar
Authors: De Block Petra
Published: March 2014

Two new Ixora species from Madagascar are described, Ixora lagenifructa and I. quadrilocularis. Ixora littoralis, previously positioned in the monospecific genus Thouarsiora, is newly named I. homolleae. These three species are characterized by 4-locular ovaries and fruits, 4-lobed stigmas, large fruits with thick walls and well-developed calyces. A fourth species, I. trimera, shows the same characters but its ovaries are 2-, 3- or 4-locular and its stigmas are 2-, 3- or 4-lobed. A dichotomous key, detailed descriptions and distribution maps are given for these four species, the only multilocular ones in Madagascar.
A new species of mule-ear oncidium with straw-yellow flowers (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae, Lophiaris) from central Panama
Authors: CARNEVALI GERMAN , CETZAL-IX WILLIAM , BALAM RICARDO
Published: March 2014

Lophiaris silverarum Carnevali & Cetzal, known from two localities in central Panama, is herein proposed as a new species. It is related to L. crispiflora and L. carthagenensis from which it is easily distinguished by its larger flowers of a straw-yellow color with many laxly arranged, non-confluent reddish-brown spots. The new species is described and illustrated and distributional maps are provided. Furthermore, a table and a key comparing the new species against close relatives are included. The conservation status of L. silverarum is assessed as EN by the IUCN criteria.
Cibaomyces, a new genus of Physalacriaceae from East Asia
Authors: Yan-Jia Hao , Jiao Qin , Zhu-Liang Yang
Published: March 2014

A new genus in Physalacriaceae, Cibaomyces, typified by C. glutinis, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. Cibaomyces is morphologically characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidioma small to medium-sized, collybioid to tricholomatoid; pileus viscid; hymenophore sinuate to subdecurrent, relatively distant, with brown lamellar edge; stipe sticky and densely covered with felted squamules; basidiospores thin-walled, ornamented with finger-like projections; cystidia nearly cylindrical, thin-walled, often heavily incrusted. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA loci indicated that Cibaomyces was related to Gloiocephala, Laccariopsis and Rhizomarasmius. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 50. Radula sainsburiana is a synonym of R. helix (Radulaceae, Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Söderström Lars , Renner Matt , Hagborg Anders , Von Konrat Matt
Published: March 2014

Radula helix was described as Jungermannia helix from a specimen collected by J.D. Hooker on Hermite Island, Tierra del Fuego during the Antarctic expedition of HM Ships Erebus and Terror.
A revision of the spirit loaches, genus Lepidocephalus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae)
Authors: DEEIN GRIDSADA , TANGJITJAROEN WEERAPONGSE , PAGE LAWRENCE M.
Published: March 2014

Lepidocephalus has been assumed to include only two species and confined to peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia. However, based on records and collections reported herein, the genus contains five species and is most common in the Chao Phraya basin of Thailand. Large rivers seem to be the preferred habitat, and difficulty in collecting these rivers may account for the paucity of specimens in collections. The known range of these five species includes western and southern Borneo, Java, Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and central Thailand.
The first description of the male Euophrys atrata and E. bulbus from southern China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: ZHA SHANJIE , JIN CHI , ZHANG FENG
Published: March 2014

The males of Euophrys atrata Song & Chai,1992 and Euophrys bulbus Bao & Peng, 2002 are described and illustrated for the first time from southern China.
The Role of Multiscale Interaction in Synoptic-Scale Eddy Kinetic Energy over the Western North Pacific in Autumn
Authors: Tsou Chih-Hua , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Hsu Pang-Chi
Published: March 2014

This study formulates a synoptic-scale eddy (SSE) kinetic energy equation by partitioning the original field into seasonal mean circulation, intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), and SSEs to examine the multiscale interactions over the western North Pacific (WNP) in autumn. In addition, the relative contribution of synoptic-mean and synoptic-ISO interactions to SSE kinetic energy was quantitatively estimated by further separating barotropic energy conversion (CK) into synoptic-mean barotropic energy conversion (CKS−M) and synoptic-ISO barotropic energy conversion (CKS−ISO) components.

The development of tropical SSE in the lower troposphere is mainly attributed to CK associated with multiscale interactions. Mean cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere consistently provides kinetic energy to SSEs (CKS−M > 0) during the ISO westerly and easterly phases. However, CKS−ISO during the ISO westerly and easterly phases differs considerably. During the ISO westerly phase, the enhanced ISO cyclonic flow converts energy to SSEs (CKS−ISO > 0). The magnitude of the downscale energy conversion from mean and ISO to SSEs is related to the strength of the SSEs. During the ISO westerly phase, a stronger SSE extracts more kinetic energy from mean and ISO circulation. This positive feedback between SSE-mean and SSE–ISO interactions causes further strengthening of SSEs during the ISO westerly phase.

By contrast, upscale energy conversion from SSEs to ISO anticyclonic flow (CKS−ISO < 0) was observed during the ISO easterly phase. The weaker SSE activity during the ISO easterly phase occurred because the mean circulation provides less energy to SSEs and, at the same time, SSEs lose energy to ISO during the ISO easterly phase. The two-way interaction between the ISO and SSEs has considerable effects on the development of tropical SSEs over the WNP in autumn.
A 19-Month Record of Marine Aerosol–Cloud–Radiation Properties Derived from DOE ARM Mobile Facility Deployment at the Azores. Part I: Cloud Fraction and Single-Layered MBL Cloud Properties
Authors: Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Kennedy Aaron , Minnis Patrick , Wood Robert
Published: March 2014

A 19-month record of total and single-layered low (<3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high (>6 km) cloud fractions (CFs) and the single-layered marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties was generated from ground-based measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Azores site between June 2009 and December 2010. This is the most comprehensive dataset of marine cloud fraction and MBL cloud properties. The annual means of total CF and single-layered low, middle, and high CFs derived from ARM radar and lidar observations are 0.702, 0.271, 0.01, and 0.106, respectively. Greater total and single-layered high (>6 km) CFs occurred during the winter, whereas single-layered low (<3 km) CFs were more prominent during summer. Diurnal cycles for both total and low CFs were stronger during summer than during winter. The CFs are bimodally distributed in the vertical with a lower peak at ~1 km and a higher peak between 8 and 11 km during all seasons, except summer when only the low peak occurs. Persistent high pressure and dry conditions produce more single-layered MBL clouds and fewer total clouds during summer, whereas the low pressure and moist air masses during winter generate more total and multilayered clouds, and deep frontal clouds associated with midlatitude cyclones.

The seasonal variations of cloud heights and thickness are also associated with the seasonal synoptic patterns. The MBL cloud layer is low, warm, and thin with large liquid water path (LWP) and liquid water content (LWC) during summer, whereas during winter it is higher, colder, and thicker with reduced LWP and LWC. The cloud LWP and LWC values are greater at night than during daytime. The monthly mean daytime cloud droplet effective radius re values are nearly constant, while the daytime droplet number concentration Nd basically follows the LWC variation. There is a strong correlation between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration NCCN and Nd during January–May, probably due to the frequent low pressure systems because upward motion brings more surface CCN to cloud base (well-mixed boundary layer). During summer and autumn, the correlation between Nd and NCCN is not as strong as that during January–May because downward motion from high pressure systems is predominant. Compared to the compiled aircraft in situ measurements during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX), the cloud microphysical retrievals in this study agree well with historical aircraft data. Different air mass sources over the ARM Azores site have significant impacts on the cloud microphysical properties and surface CCN as demonstrated by great variability in NCCN and cloud microphysical properties during some months.
Woman without Envy: Toward Reconceiving the Immaculate Conception
Authors: Dadosky John D.
Published: March 2014

The article explores an understanding of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception viewed through the lens of mimetic theory as expounded by René Girard and James Alison. After centuries of controversy over what was eventually defined in 1854, systematic reflection is needed to relate the dogma to other dogmas and doctrines such as those on redemption, sin, and grace, and to express this systematic understanding in light of contemporary thought. Such reflection suggests a fruitful correspondence between Girard's hermeneutics and Aquinas's thought on disordered imitation and the role of rivalrous affections at the heart of sin.
Les modèles Logit et Probit multivariés pour la modélisation des achats simultanés : présentation, utilisation, intérêts et limites
Authors: Aurier Philippe , Mejía Victor
Published: March 2014

Cet article présente les modèles multivariés Logit (MVL) et Probit (MVP) qui permettent l’analyse des choix multiples (simultanés) effectués lors d’une même session d’achat. Ils permettent de relâcher l’hypothèse contraignante faite dans les modèles multinomial Logit et Probit selon laquelle la maximisation de l’utilité passe par un choix unique et ainsi d’étudier plus en détail la dynamique concurrentielle au sein d’une catégorie (recherche de variété, complémentarité, substituabilité). Nous illustrons l’utilisation du modèle MVL à paramètres aléatoires dans une application à la catégorie du chocolat. Nous soulignons les avantages et les limites de ces modèles et proposons des voies de recherche futures.
Aspirin usage is associated with improved prosthetic infrainguinal bypass graft patency
Authors: Gassman AA , Degner BC , Al-Nouri O , Philippi L , Hershberger R , Halandras P , Aulivola B , Milner R
Published: March 2014

The American Heart Association recommends that, unless contraindicated, all patients undergoing surgical revascularization for critical limb ischemia should be placed postoperatively on antiplatelet therapy and remain on it indefinitely. The goal of this study was to evaluate if preoperative use of aspirin was associated with improved bypass grafting patency rates and limb salvage. We performed a four-year, retrospective review of one center's experience with open infra-inguinal bypass. We examined the effect pre- and postoperative usage of antiatherosclerotic agents (i.e. aspirin, statin, etc.) have on graft outcomes such as two-year secondary patency, stenosis and limb salvage via univariate Kaplan–Meir survival curve analysis and multiple regression analysis. Our cohort included 165 bypasses in individuals with multiple co-morbidities. The most frequent indication was critical limb ischemia (79%) and most bypasses crossed the knee (63%). Pre- and postoperative aspirin usage was associated with increased two-year secondary prosthetic graft patency over control (preoperative: 78% versus 44%, P < 0.002 and postoperative: 72% versus 50%, P < 0.01). Preoperative aspirin usage was associated with an improvement in the rate of amputation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44 [95% CI 0.198–0.997]) and stenosis (OR = 0.45 [95% CI 0.217–0.956]). Medications commonly prescribed for atherosclerosis such as aspirin are associated with a significant patency benefit when administered pre- and postoperatively. In a population undergoing infrainguinal bypass with prosthetic graft for predominantly critical limb ischemia, medical optimization should include both pre- and postoperative antiatherosclerotic drug regimens.
A vascular laboratory protocol for improving and managing after-hours suspected acute deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Martin Angela H , Eckert George , Lemmon Gary W , Sawchuk Alan , Dalsing Michael C
Published: March 2014

This study reviews the clinical and workforce impact of a suggested protocol designed for the management of suspected acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients seen after standard vascular laboratory business hours. The protocol included the use of Wells score, D-dimer and a single dose of therapeutic anticoagulant to defer venous duplex ultrasound (VDU) testing until routine business hours unless contraindicated. Information was collected on medical history, physical exam and the timing of any diagnostic studies and treatment provided. Over 15% of studies done after-hours were deemed unnecessary by our protocol and in every individual the results were negative for an acute DVT. There were no adverse events from a one-time dose of anticoagulant. Limiting emergency VDU coverage to evaluate for acute DVT based on a management protocol can eliminate unnecessary after-hours VDU testing without having a negative impact on patient care.
Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study
Authors: Hiramoto Jade S , Katz Ronit , Ix Joachim H , Wassel Christina , Rodondi Nicolas , Windham B Gwen , Harris Tamara , Koster Annemarie , Satterfield Suzanne , Newman Anne , Shlipak Michael G
Published: March 2014

The objective of the study was to determine if there are sex-based differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease (PAD). We evaluated the sex-specific associations of ankle–brachial index (ABI) with clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes in 2797 participants without prevalent clinical PAD and with a baseline ABI measurement in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. The mean age was 74 years, 40% were black, and 52% were women. Median follow-up was 9.37 years. Women had a similar prevalence of ABI < 0.9 (12% women versus 11% men; P = 0.44), but a higher prevalence of ABI 0.9–1.0 (15% versus 10%, respectively; P < 0.001). In a fully adjusted model, ABI < 0.9 was significantly associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, incident clinical PAD and incident myocardial infarction in both women and men. ABI < 0.9 was significantly associated with incident stroke only in women. ABI 0.9–1.0 was significantly associated with CHD death in both women (hazard ratio 4.84, 1.53–15.31) and men (3.49, 1.39–8.72). However, ABI 0.9–1.0 was significantly associated with incident clinical PAD (3.33, 1.44–7.70) and incident stroke (2.45, 1.38–4.35) only in women. Subclinical PAD was strongly associated with adverse CV events in both women and men, but women had a higher prevalence of subclinical PAD.
Space, Body and Montage in the Hybrid Installation Work of William Kentridge
Authors: Rutherford Anne
Published: March 2014

This article explores the recent animated film installations and operatic stage direction of William Kentridge to conceptualise emerging trends in installation work, artists’ cinema and hybrid forms of the moving image. Kentridge opens new horizons for the articulation of the moving image with architectural space, reimagining the nature of film. Through a study of Kentridge’s installation, I Am Not Me, The Horse Is Not Mine’, his staging of the Shostakovich opera, The Nose, and his installation work at documenta 13, the article explores how Kentridge mobilises the full potential of the material encounter with the filmic image in new forms of dynamic montage. Drawing on understandings of the tactile, sensory, kinaesthetic engagement with the image, the article examines how Kentridge incorporates the three-dimensional spatiality and materiality of an exhibition/architectural space into the filmic. Through this enquiry, the article considers the broader significance of Kentridge’s work for reconceptualising cinematic experience.
Continuity of care: what matters to women when they are referred from primary to secondary care during labour? a qualitative interview study in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jonge Ank , Stuijt Rosan , Eijke Iva , Westerman Marjan J
Published: March 2014

Background

Continuity of care during labour is important for women. Women with an intrapartum referral from primary to secondary care look back more negatively on their birh experience compared to those who are not referred. It is not clear which aspects of care contribute to this negative birth experience. This study aimed to explore in-depth the experiences of women who were referred during labour from primary to secondary care with regard to the different aspects of continuity of care.

Methods

A qualitative interview study was conducted in the Netherlands among women who were in primary care at the onset of labour and were referred to secondary care before the baby was born. Through purposive sampling 27 women were selected. Of these, nine women planned their birth at home, two in an alongside midwifery unit and 16 in hospital. Thematic analysis was used.

Results

Continuity of care was a very important issue for women because it contributed to their feeling of safety during labour. Important details were sometimes not handed over between professionals within and between primary and secondary care, in particular about women’s personal preferences. In case of referral of care from primary to secondary care, it was important for women that midwives handed over the care in person and stayed until they felt safe with the hospital team. Personal continuity of care, in which case the midwife stayed until the end of labour, was highly appreciated but not always expected.

Fear of transportion during or after labour was a reason for women to choose hospital birth but also to opt for home birth. Choice of place of birth emerged as a fluid concept; most women planned their place of birth during pregnancy and were aware that they would spend some time at home and possibly some time in hospital.

Conclusions

In case of referral from primary to secondary care during labour, midwives should hand over their care in person and preferrably stay with women throughout labour. Planned place of birth should be regarded as a fluid concept rather than a dichotomous choice.
Antidepressant utilization after hospitalization with depression: a comparison between non-Western immigrants and Danish-born residents
Authors: Wallach-Kildemoes Helle , Thomsen Louise Thirstrup , Kriegbaum Margit , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie
Published: March 2014

Background

Antidepressant (AD) therapy is recommended for patients 4–12 months after remission from depression. The aim was to examine whether immigrants (refugees or family reunited immigrants) from non-Western countries are at greater risk than Danish-born residents of 1) not initiating AD therapy after discharge and 2) early AD discontinuation.

Methods

A cohort of immigrants from non-Western countries (n = 132) and matched Danish-born residents (n = 396) discharged after first admission with moderate to severe depression between 1 January 1996 and 31 May 2008 was followed in the Danish registries.

Logistic regression models were applied to explore AD initiation within 30 days after discharge, estimating odds ratio (OR) for immigrants versus Danish-born residents.

Early discontinuation was explored by logistic regression, estimating OR for no AD dispensing within 180 days after the first dispensing, and by Cox regression, estimating hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation (maximum drug supply gap) within 180 days.

Results

Immigrants had higher odds for not initiating AD treatment after discharge than Danish-born residents (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01-2.38). When income was included in the model, the strength of the association was attenuated. Odds for early discontinuation was non-significantly higher among immigrants than Danish-born residents (OR = 1.80; 0.87-3.73). Immigrants also had a non-significantly higher hazard of early discontinuation (HR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.87-2.45). Including income had only minor impact on these associations.

Conclusion

Immigrants seem less likely to receive the recommended AD treatment after hospitalization with depression. This may indicate a need for a better understanding of the circumstances of this vulnerable group.
Electrochemically deposited gallium oxide nanostructures on silicon substrates
Authors: Ghazali Norizzawati Mohd , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Yasui Kanji , Hashim Abdul Manaf
Published: March 2014

We report a synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanostructures on Si substrate by electrochemical deposition using a mixture of Ga2O3, HCl, NH4OH, and H2O. The presence of Ga3+ ions contributed to the deposition of Ga2O3 nanostructures on the Si surface with the assistance of applied potentials. The morphologies of the grown structures strongly depended on the molarity of Ga2O3 and pH level of electrolyte. β-Ga2O3 nanodot-like structures were grown on Si substrate at a condition with low molarity of Ga2O3. However, Ga2O3 nanodot structures covered with nanorods on top of their surfaces were obtained at higher molarity, and the densities of nanorods seem to increase with the decrease of pH level. High concentration of Ga3+ and OH- ions may promote the reaction of each other to produce Ga2O3 nanorods in the electrolyte. Such similar nature of Ga2O3 nanorods was also obtained by using hydrothermal process. The grown structures seem to be interesting for application in electronic and optoelectronic devices as well as to be used as a seed structure for subsequent chemical synthesis of GaN by thermal transformation method.
An Experimental Study of Confined Masonry Walls with Varying Aspect Ratios
Authors: Perez Gavilan J. J. , Flores L. E. , Alcocer S. M.
Published: March 2014

Results from an experimental series of seven full-scale confined masonry walls with height-to-length aspect ratios ( H/L) from 0.3 up to 2.2 are summarized. Results show that neither the level of axial stress nor the aspect ratio had a significant effect on lateral stiffness. Inelastic behavior of the walls, characterized by normalized stiffness degradation with ductility demand, can be estimated with good accuracy with a bilinear function for a ductility demand up to 4.5. A substantial increase in normalized shear strength was observed for walls with decreasing aspect ratio. A correction factor to the nominal cracking strength was deduced based on differences of the flexural deformations for squat and square walls. The factor was then compared to the experimental normalized strength with good agreement. A new expression for inclined cracking shear that can be used for a wide range of wall aspect ratios is proposed.
NFκB Signaling Is Essential for the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase of Type 2 Deiodinase in Tanycytes
Authors: de Vries E.M. , Kwakkel J. , Eggels L. , Kalsbeek A. , Barrett P. , Fliers E. , Boelen A.
Published: March 2014

The enzyme type 2 deiodinase (D2) is a major determinant of T3 production in the central nervous system. It is highly expressed in tanycytes, a specialized cell type lining the wall of the third ventricle. During acute inflammation, the expression of D2 in tanycytes is up-regulated by a mechanism that is poorly understood at present, but we hypothesized that cJun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) (the 65 kD subunit of NFκB) inflammatory signal transduction pathways are involved. In a mouse model for acute inflammation, we studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of D2, JNK1, and RelA in the periventricular area (PE) and the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the hypothalamus. We next investigated LPS-induced D2 expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures. In the PE, the expression of D2 was increased by LPS. In the arcuate nucleus, but not in the PE, we found increased RelA mRNA expression. Likewise, LPS increased D2 and RelA mRNA expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures, whereas JNK1 mRNA expression did not change. Phosphorylation of RelA and JNK1 was increased in tanycyte cell cultures 15–60 minutes after LPS stimulation, confirming activation of these pathways. Finally, inhibition of RelA with the chemical inhibitors sulfasalazine and 4-Methyl-N1-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23) in tanycyte cell cultures prevented the LPS-induced D2 increase. We conclude that NFκB signaling is essential for the up-regulation of D2 in tanycytes during inflammation.
Prevalence of Pituitary Dysfunction After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Personnier Claire , Crosnier Hélène , Meyer Philippe , Chevignard Mathilde , Flechtner Isabelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Breton Sylvain , Mignot Caroline , Dassa Yamina , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Piketty Marie , Laborde Kathleen , Jais Jean-Philipe , Viaud Magali , Puget Stephanie , Sainte-Rose Christian , Polak Michel
Published: March 2014

Context:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood is a major public health issue.

Objective:

We sought to determine the prevalence of pituitary dysfunction in children and adolescents after severe TBI and to identify any potential predictive factors.

Design:

This was a prospective longitudinal study.

Setting:

The study was conducted at a university hospital.

Patients:

Patients, hospitalized for severe accidental or inflicted TBI, were included. The endocrine assessment was performed between 6 and 18 months after the injury.

Main Outcome Measures:

Basal and dynamic tests of pituitary function were performed in all patients and GH dynamic testing was repeated in patients with low stimulated GH peak (<7 ng/mL). The diagnosis of proven severe GH deficiency (GHD) was based on the association of two GH peaks less than 5 ng/mL on both occasions of testing and IGF-I levels below −2 SD score. Initial cranial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed retrospectively.

Results:

We studied 87 children and adolescents [60 males, median age 6.7 y (range 0.8–15.2)] 9.5 ± 3.4 months after the TBI (73 accidental, 14 inflicted). The second GH peak, assessed 4.9 ± 0.1 months after the first evaluation, remained low in 27 children and adolescents. Fifteen patients had a GH peak less than 5 ng/mL (mean IGF-I SD score −1.3 ± 1.5) and five (5.7%) strict criteria for severe GHD. Two children had mild central hypothyroidism and one had ACTH deficiency. We did not find any predictive factors associated with existence of GHD (demographic characteristics, growth velocity, trauma severity, and radiological parameters).

Conclusion:

At 1 year after the severe TBI, pituitary dysfunction was found in 8% of our study sample. We recommend systematic hormonal assessment in children and adolescents 12 months after a severe TBI and prolonged clinical endocrine follow-up.
The Internet and Radiology
Authors: Maddison I
Published: March 2014

Basic Internet structures are introduced. Extrapolation from these basic structures may give clues to some future developments in radiology, including education and image interpretation. Cooperation between radiology professionals is no longer limited by geographical location and will allow the contributions from individuals to be judged by their creativity and content, regardless of their origin. The solution complex problems, such as information overload at the workstation, will need as many active minds as can be recruited.
Diagnostic Imaging with Light
Authors: Hebden J C , Delpy D T
Published: March 2014

This paper reviews the evolution of optical imaging in diagnostic radiology and examines recent progress. Although the idea has been around for many decades, interest in the development of an effective method has never been so great. Optical imaging presents several potential advantages over existing radiological techniques. First, the radiation is non-ionizing and therefore reasonable doses can be repeatedly employed without harm to the patient. Second, optical methods offer the potential to differentiate between soft tissues with different optical absorption or scatter, but which are indistinguishable using other modalities. And third, specific absorption by natural chromophores (such as haemoglobin) allows functional information to be obtained. Principal clinical applications include a means of detecting breast disease and a cerebral imaging modality for mapping oxygenation and haemodynamics in the brain of newborn infants or cortical functional activity in adults. Past attempts to image tissues with light have been severely restricted by the overwhelming scatter which occurs when optical radiation spreads through tissue: however, recent innovations in technology have suggested once again that it may be a practical possibility.
Foundations and Classification Criteria for Techniques of Educational Processes Management
Authors: Афанасьев  , Afanasev Vladimir , Афанасьева  , Afanaseva I.
Published: March 2014

The 22-nominations matrix is proposed for classifying

approaches to educational processes management. The matrix is

developed based on conceptual insights in the learning, management

and system-oriented analysis theories, which have been embodied

in a sequential procedure, which, in turn, implies defining

two dual and reciprocal factors (namely, «foundations» and «criteria

»), classification of systems in general, identifying attributes and

features of control (management) systems, ways to form management

impact, changes in behavior of appropriately organized education

systems, type and orientation of management.