First Aid in the Russian Federation: at the Threshold of Change
Authors:   Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Healthcare of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dezhurnyy L.I. ,   Moscow Territorial Scientific and Practical Center for Disaster Medicine (CEMP) of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation,   All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Society of First Aid”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zakurdaeva A.Yu. ,   Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Healthcare of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation,   All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Society of First Aid”, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolodkin A.A. ,   All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Society of First Aid”, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Center for Disaster Medicine of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I.Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Neudakhin G.V. ,   Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Healthcare of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation,   All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Society of First Aid”, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Center for Disaster Medicine of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I.Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolodkina V.I. ,   Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Meshkov E.I. ,   Federal Center for Disaster Medicine of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I.Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Summary. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the model for organizing the provision of first aid through an analysis of current legislation, educational and methodological materials, law enforcement practice, in order to make practice-oriented proposals for its improvement in the light of the changes that have already taken place due to the entry into force on September 1, 2024 the Federal Law of April 14, 2023 No. 135-FZ.

Materials and research methods. The normative and empirical basis of the scientific research was made up of analytical material on the organization of first aid, contained in the works of Russian and foreign scientists. A study was conducted of federal laws and by-laws of the Russian Federation regulating the management of first aid activities, the organization of first aid provision and training and the provision of first aid kits, packs, kits, and first aid kits to various categories of first aid participants.

The methodological basis of this study was made up of general scientific (dialectical, analysis and synthesis) and specific (method of legal hermeneutics, formal legal, systemic structural, historical legal, comparative legal, sociological) methods of scientific knowledge.

Results of the study and their analysis. The study identified a number of problems in the regulation of first aid in the Russian Federation, including problems in the field of regulatory legal regulation of training, equipment, motivation of citizens to provide first aid and management in this area.

The legislative changes in the field of first aid that have entered into force, provided for by Federal Law No. 135-FZ, have endowed the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with additional powers in the field of first aid regulation, the need for which has long been overdue. The implementation of the new powers makes it possible to regulate in detail the essential aspect of first aid, namely, to approve the procedures for first aid with a differentiated volume of first aid by various participants in its provision, requirements for completing first-aid kits, stowings, kits and kits for first aid not only with medical devices, as it was previously, but also with medicines for medical use. The provision of the aforementioned Federal Law, which is interrelated with these norms, has given the concerned federal executive authorities the authority to approve the requirements for the placement, storage and use of first aid kits, stowage kits and kits for first aid.

Taking into account the results of the analysis, the authors have formulated and proposed for discussion by the professional community a number of normative and practice-oriented proposals aimed at improving first aid in the Russian Federation.

To ensure the sequence of steps in this direction, the authors propose the development and implementation of a scientifically based and practice-oriented concept for the development of first aid in the Russian Federation, as well as the creation of a first aid management body, referring to a structural unit based on one of the leading medical organizations that provides organizational and methodological guidance and analytical activities in the field of first aid organization help.