bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncoding RNA profiling in omentum adipose tissue from obese patients and the identification of novel metabolic biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Yongjiao , Chen Ao , Lu Sumei , Liu Dong , Xuan Xiaolei , Lei Xiaofei , Zhong Mingwei , Gao Fei
Published: February 2025

Background

Obesity, a prevalent metabolic disorder, is linked to perturbations in the balance of gene expression regulation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression. The aim of this study was to identify additional ncRNA candidates that are implicated in obesity, elucidating their potential as key regulators of the pathogenesis of obesity.

Methods

We identified distinct ncRNA expression profiles in omental adipose tissue in obese and healthy subjects through comprehensive whole-transcriptome sequencing. Subsequent analyses included functional annotation with GO and KEGG pathway mapping, validation via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), the exploration of protein‒protein interactions (PPIs), and the identification of key regulatory genes through network analysis.

Results

The results indicated that, compared with those in healthy individuals, various lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in obese subjects. Further verifications of top changed gene expressions proved the most genes’ consistence with RNA-sequencing including 11 lncRNAs and 4 circRNAs. Gene network analysis highlighted the most significant features associated with metabolic pathways, specifically ENST00000605862, ENST00000558885, and ENST00000686149. Collectively, our findings suggest potential ncRNA therapeutic targets for obesity, including ENST00000605862, ENST00000558885, and ENST00000686149.
Hypoxia lowers cell carbon and nitrogen content and accelerates sinking of a marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Chen Bokun , Song Hui , Xu Ge , Ji Hongli , Yang Xue , Li Gang
Published: February 2025

The positive or negative effect of a decrease in dissolved O2 on the photophysiology of phytoplankton is determined by the duration of light exposure. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, the marine model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was cultured under three dissolved O2 levels (8.0 mg L-1, ambient O2; 4.0 mg L-1, low O2; and 1.3 mg L-1, hypoxia) to compare its growth, cell composition, and physiology between the light and dark periods. The results showed that the growth rate under ambient O2 was 0.60 ± 0.02 day-1, which was half of the growth rate during light period and 15-fold of the growth rate during dark period. Decreasing O2 increased the growth rate during light period but decreased it during dark period and decreased the cell pigment content in both the light and dark periods. In the light, low O2 increased cell carbon (C) content, while hypoxia decreased it, with the degree of increase and decrease being greater in the dark. Low O2 had no significant effect on cell nitrogen (N) content, but hypoxia decreased it. Low O2 had no significant effect on photosynthetic efficiency but decreased the dark respiration rate. In darkness, low O2 had no significant effect on cell C loss rate but decreased N loss rate, leading to an increase in the POC/PON ratio. In addition, hypoxia exacerbated cell mortality and sinking, suggesting that diatom-derived carbon burial may be accelerated due to marine deoxygenation in the future.
Residents as learning facilitators inside and outside of interprofessional education: a faculty development program in postgraduate pediatric training
Authors: Müller Philipp A. , Straub Christine , Heinzmann Andrea , Langer Thorsten , Bode Sebastian F. N. , Griewatz Jan , Kimmig Christian , Friedrich Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Changing learning environments in health professions are an important challenge of interprofessional education (IPE). When students experience IPE activities during their undergraduate training, they are often guided by trained learning facilitators. Students still spend more time in non-IPE settings, often guided by residents. Residents rarely undergo specific training for core teaching competencies that are crucial in both IPE and non-IPE contexts. At our pediatric hospital, some residents were trained as learning facilitators on an interprofessional training ward. To bridge the gap between IPE and non-IPE learning facilitation for the other residents, we developed the resident-as-teachers course “How to teach pediatrics.”

Methods

“How to teach pediatrics” was implemented as a 4-week blended learning program based on the framework of Core Competencies for Medical Teachers (KLM). The intended learning outcomes were to reflect on residents’ role modelling and professionalism as well as personal teaching practice, emphasize learner centeredness and foster social and communicative competencies. Participants self-assessed their teaching competencies pre/post-course using a validated questionnaire (FKM_L). Oral feedback was gathered by group reflection and qualitative feedback by open-ended survey questions.

Results

26 residents participated in the course, of which N = 22 qualified for the pre/post-course self-assessment via the FKM_L (return rate: n = 9; 40.9%). Participants reported an increase in the competency fields of “didactical activities in medicine,” “social and communicative competence,” “role model and professional behavior” as well as “reflection and further development of own teaching practice.” Participants evaluated the course overall as “very good,” stated a high learning gain and estimated the course to be a good preparation for teaching students.

Discussion

“How to teach pediatrics” shows the feasibility of integrating faculty development as part of resident training. We observed a self-assessed increase in core competencies for medical teachers after participating in the course. Although more participants need to be included and long-lasting effects still need to be proven, such faculty development programs for learning facilitators might be an opportunity to ensure a more consistent and high-quality learning experience for students in both IPE and non-IPE teaching and learning activities.
Comprehensive review of Plasmodiophora brassicae: pathogenesis, pathotype diversity, and integrated control methods
Authors: Xu Xueliang , Wu Caiyun , Zhang Fan , Yao Jian , Fan Linjuan , Liu Zirong , Yao Yingjuan
Published: February 2025

Clubroot disease is an important disease of cruciferous crops worldwide caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. The pathogen P. brassicae can infect almost all cruciferous crops, resulting in a reduction in yield and quality of the host plant. The first part of this review outlines the process of P. brassicae infestation, effectors, physiological pathotypes and identification systems. The latter part highlights and summarizes the various current control measures and research progress on clubroot. Finally, we propose a strategic concept for the sustainable management of clubroot. In conclusion, this paper will help to deepen the knowledge of P. brassicae and the understanding of integrated control measures for clubroot, and to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable management of clubroot.
The diagnostic and prognostic significance of HOXC13-AS and its molecular regulatory mechanism in human cancer
Authors: Gu Xiaosi , Hu Xin , Zhang Sijia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Yong , Li Lianlian
Published: February 2025

HOXC13 antisense RNA (HOXC13-AS, also known as HOXC-AS5) is a long non-coding RNA that is expressed abnormally in various types of tumors and is closely related to clinical staging, clinical pathological features, and patient survival. HOXC13-AS is involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, affecting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and tumor growth. This review summarizes the clinical significance of HOXC13-AS as a biomarker for human tumor diagnosis and prognosis and outlines the function and molecular regulation mechanism of HOXC13-AS in various types of cancer, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, and cervical cancer. Overall, this review emphasizes the potential of HOXC13-AS as a human tumor predictive biomarker and therapeutic target, paving the way for its clinical application.
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and gut-brain axes in biological interaction pathway of the depression
Authors: Bertollo Amanda Gollo , Santos Camila Ferreira , Bagatini Margarete Dulce , Ignácio Zuleide Maria
Published: February 2025

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and gut-brain axes are vital biological pathways in depression. The HPA axis regulates the body's stress response, and chronic stress can lead to overactivation of the HPA axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels that contribute to neuronal damage, particularly in regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, both of which are involved in mood regulation and mental disorders. In parallel, the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, influences emotional and cognitive functions. Imbalances in gut microbiota can affect the HPA axis, promoting inflammation and increasing gut permeability. This allows endotoxins to enter the bloodstream, contributing to neuroinflammation and altering neurotransmitter production, including serotonin. Since the majority of serotonin is produced in the gut, disruptions in this pathway may be linked to depressive symptoms. This review explores the interplay between the HPA axis and the gut-brain axis in the context of depression.
Food-related behaviors of rural (Asaase Kooko) and peri-urban (Kaadjanor) households in Ghana
Authors: Osei Prince Kwabena , McCrory Megan A. , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Sazonov Edward , Sun Mingui , Jia Wenyan , Baranowski Tom , Frost Gary , Lo Benny , Anderson Alex Kojo
Published: February 2025

Background

“Food-related behaviors” range widely and include food acquisition, storage, cooking, meal sharing, eating practices, among others. Food-related behaviors can influence nutritional status and health outcomes, and likely vary between rural and peri-urban households; however, there is limited documentation on such differences.

Objective

To assess food-related behaviors of rural and peri-urban households in Ghana to inform the design and implementation of a field study to validate passive wearable camera technologies for dietary assessment.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional qualitative study in rural (Asaase Kokoo) and peri-urban (Kaadjanor) communities, Ghana. Forty key informants (20 rural and 20 peri-urban) were interviewed about their household food-related behaviors. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by professional transcribers, and manually coded using the directed content analysis approach.

Results

All but three key informants were mothers, who were also the main food preparers for their households. The mean (SD) ages of female key informants were 35.5 (19.8) years in rural households and 38.9 (19.2) years in peri-urban households. The ages of two male key informants in rural households were 45 and 60 years, and the age of the only male key informant in a peri-urban household was 53 years. The most prevalent occupation in rural households was farming, while in per-urban households, blue-collar jobs (e.g., beauticians, sales personnel, and commercial drivers) were the main occupations. Farming was the main source of food in rural households, whereas buying food from local markets and grocery stores was the main source of food in peri-urban households. Some in rural and peri-urban households reported that husbands received preferential treatment by being served first with larger meal portions after food preparation in the home. Few key informants in rural households reported that meal-sharing patterns were based on ages of household members, with adults usually served more food than children.

Conclusion

The meal-sharing patterns and eating practices reported in some rural and peri-urban households could potentially impact the nutrition and health of children. Our findings suggest the need for nutrition education for mothers to provide adequate and nutrient-rich foods to support optimal child growth and development.
Treatment of primary esophageal lymphomas: A review
Authors: El Khoury Joe , Daou Remy , Kim Neal , Bou Eid Josiane , Imber Brandon , Yahalom Joachim , Hajj Carla
Published: February 2025

Primary esophageal lymphoma is a rare malignancy that is difficult to diagnose and treat. While there have been significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment options, there is a lack of consensus on the most effective treatment approach. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the use of available treatment options for primary esophageal lymphoma, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The review also highlights the current knowledge gaps that need to be addressed through further research. While no single treatment modality has emerged as a clear front-runner, a combination of these treatments may be the most effective approach in managing primary esophageal lymphoma, tailored to the histological subtypes.
Case report: Deciphering the clinical significance of a novel partial BRCA1 exon 10 duplication in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Faversani Alice , Manuelli Debora , Barteselli Davide , Melloni Giulia , Santaniello Carlo , Corsaro Luigi , Sacco Davide , Clerici Davide , Gargiulo Laura , Ferrara Fulvio , Costantino Lucy
Published: February 2025

Pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of developing cancer, particularly breast and/or ovarian tumors. The identification and correct classification of these variants is crucial to find individuals with an increased risk of cancer and to support physicians in their clinical and therapeutic decisions. In addition, the status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants is important for appropriate management of patients’ family members. Here, we describe the case of a woman who developed triple-negative breast cancer at the age of 49 years. NGS analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes revealed the presence of a new partial BRCA1 exon 10 duplication of 2.012 bp. The identified duplication comprises 395 nucleotides from the final portion of intron 9 and 1617 nucleotides from the beginning of exon 10. Using specific primers, we were able to identify the breakpoint at the DNA level and characterize the alteration as a tandem duplication leading to the formation of a premature stop codon after 10 residues. RNA analysis allowed to confirm the production of an altered mRNA showing the duplicated sequence. In this way, we were able to assign a clinical significance to the new alteration and classify it as a pathogenic variant. Although new ClinGen ENIGMA guidelines have been produced to provide tools for the accurate interpretation of variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, defining the clinical significance of copy number variants, particularly duplications, remains a challenging goal that requires complex approaches to accurately determine the role of such variants. Other investigations, such as the detection of breakpoints by RNA analysis, are often essential to classify the identified alteration. Our study suggests that RNA transcript analysis is an ideal methodology to support the accurate classification of variants and clarify their effects.
High and low dose radiotherapy combined with ICIs for MSS colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases: a phase I study (HaRyPOT)
Authors: Ding Yuxuan , Feng Yong , Ye Yangfan , Shen Jiayi , Guo Chang , He Xia , Zhu Liangjun , Wang Lijun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CLRM) responds poorly to immunotherapy, and various approaches to break immune tolerance have been tried. Radiotherapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is one of promising therapies, and the choice of radiotherapy and immunotherapy modalities is also a hot issue.

Methods

Here, we report on a Phase I trial treating nine patients with MSS CLRM using a combination of high and low dose radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Results

The primary endpoint of the trial was the safety and tolerability of this combination treatment modality. Secondary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The study results showed that at three dose levels—single doses of 6Gy (n=3), 8Gy (n=3), and 10Gy (n=3)—the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and abnormal liver function. At the first condition assessment, four patients were observed to have stable disease (SD) and one patient achieved partial response (PR). In exploratory endpoint analyses, tissue biopsies and paired hematologic samples from patients showed M2 macrophage reduction. Plasma cytokines IL-10, IL-17, and INF-α increased after treatment with both drugs.

Discussion

In summary, this is the first clinical trial demonstrating the safety and immunogenic activity of combined high and low dose radiotherapy with ICIs in MSS colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs). The combination therapy stimulated the immune response and altered the tumour microenvironment, warranting further exploration in the future.
The Class III Peroxidase gene TaPRX-2A controls grain number per spike in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zang Dongtian , You Wenjia , Wu Yangyang , Wang Pengyue , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Qingyun , Chi Shatong , Su Peisen
Published: February 2025

Some peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in abiotic stress response. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of PRXs on agronomic traits including grain number per spike (GNS), spikelet number per spike (SNS) and spike length (SL) are also largely unknown. In our study, we cloned a wheat PRX gene TaPRX-2A and identified its function in controlling GNS by generating transgenic overexpression lines. The results showed that TaPRX-2A overexpression displayed lower GNS and shorter SL, compared with the wild-type plants. RNA-seq analysis indicated alterations in various pathways including flavonoid biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, phytohormone signaling, as well as sucrose and starch biosynthesis. Co-expression analysis showed that transcription factors, such as bHLH, WRKY, and bZIP may be involved in the regulation of various genes associated with these pathways. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which PRXs regulate agronomic traits, illustrating potential applicability in crop improvement programs.
“Meaninglessness makes me unhappy”: examining the role of a sense of alienation and life satisfaction in the relationship between the presence of meaning and depression among Chinese high school seniors
Authors: Hou Xiaoxu , Hu Jinsheng , Liu Zhihong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Given the high incidence of depression among adolescents and its serious consequences, investigating its influencing factors and mechanisms is of great theoretical and practical significance. This study aims to explore the mediating effects of a sense of alienation and life satisfaction on the relationship between the presence of meaning in life and depression among Chinese high school seniors.

Methods

Six hundred and twenty-one senior high school students (17.09 ± 0.45 years, 266 boys) were recruited from Shandong, China, to participate in the study. Participants completed the Adolescent Students’ Sense of Alienation (ASAS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Results

Our findings revealed that (1) the sense of alienation and life satisfaction play a chain mediating role between the presence of meaning in life and depression among Chinese high school seniors; (2) the sense of alienation plays a mediating role between the presence of meaning in life and depression; (3) there are gender differences in the chain mediation model of the influence of the presence of meaning in life on depression.

Conclusion

This study reveals potential pathways through which the presence of meaning in life affects depression among Chinese high school seniors, offering support and a basis for future mental health interventions for this population.
The influence of spousal care on the health of middle-aged and older adult caregivers in China—empirical analysis based on CHARLS data
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: February 2025

Objectives

With the decrease of the number of children and the increase of population mobility, child care presents a phenomenon of “double shortage” of human and time resources, and spousal care is becoming an important care source for middle-aged and older adult people in China. However, less studies have taken middle-aged and older adult couples as research subject to explore the health effects of spousal care in the process of aging. This paper attempts to explore the effects of caregiving on the health of caregivers from the perspective of spousal care.

Methods

Using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, this paper constructs a panel data fixed effect model to explore the effects of spousal care on the health of middle-aged and older adult caregivers. Further, instrumental variables (IV) estimation and propensity score matching (PSM) are used to minimize the impacts of endogeneity.

Results

Spousal care has no significant effect on the physical health of middle-aged and older adult caregivers, but it has a significant negative effect on their mental health. Providing spousal care has a stronger negative effect on the mental health of female or rural middle-aged and older adult caregivers. The mechanism analysis shows that spousal care affects the mental health by reducing the number of weekly exercise and increasing the family’s non-food expenditure.

Conclusion

The provision of spousal care in the middle-aged and older adult groups does harm the mental health of caregivers. Vulnerable groups such as families in which both spouses need care, female or rural caregivers expect more attention and support.
The moderating effects of physical activity on social anxiety and sleep disturbance: managing gaming disorder in young e-sports players
Authors: Solmaz Serdar , İnan Mehmet , Şahin Mustafa Yaşar
Published: February 2025

Background

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has emerged as an increasing public health concern, particularly among adolescent and young e-sports players in recent years. The immersive and competitive nature of online gaming has been associated with an increase in mental health issues such as anxiety and insomnia among individuals with IGD. This study aims to examine the potential relationship between IGD, social anxiety, and insomnia, investigate the mediating role of social anxiety in this relationship, and explore the moderating role of physical activity in alleviating the negative effects of IGD.

Methods

The study involved 475 adolescent and young e-sports players aged 14–24, who typically engage in an average of 6 h of gaming per day. Participants completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Social Anxiety Inventory, Insomnia Severity Index, and Physical Activity Frequency Question. Correlation and moderation analyses were used to examine the proposed relationships.

Results

The findings revealed significant positive associations between IGD, social anxiety, and insomnia. Moreover, physical activity demonstrated a negative correlation with both social anxiety and insomnia. Notably, physical activity served as a moderator in the relationship between IGD and both social anxiety and insomnia, with higher levels of physical activity attenuating the adverse effects of IGD.

Conclusion

This study illuminates the intricate relationship between IGD, social anxiety, and insomnia among adolescent and young e-sports players. The findings suggest that promoting physical activity may alleviate the negative psychological implications associated with IGD. These results provide important insights for the formulation of targeted intervention strategies aimed at this demographic.
Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urethra: a case report
Authors: Chen Jianbai , Mou Xiaorong , Zhang Zhiming , Nie Zhiyong , Qiu Jianxin
Published: February 2025

Background

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urethra is a very uncommon malignant tumor, and no reports have been made about large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in the past.

Case description

A 43-year-old non-smoking female patient presented with symptoms of dysuria and urination-related pain at TangDu Hospital in April 2022. A biopsy subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of primary urethral LCNEC. Following radical resection, the patient exhibited abnormal lymph node enlargement in the first month and pelvic metastases in the fourth month. Ultimately, the patient succumbed to the disease 486 days after the radical resection, attributed to widespread tumor metastases and concurrent multi-organ failure. The final pathological examination confirmed the presence of a high-grade LCNEC.

Conclusion

The occurrence of primary LCNEC in the urethra is exceptionally uncommon. This particular instance was notable for its aggressive progression and unfavorable prognosis. Historically, there have been no prior documented instances of primary pure LCNEC in the urethra. It is imperative to emphasize that early identification and intervention for LCNEC could potentially offer patients a more favorable survival outcome.
Application of chemotactic behavior for life detection
Authors: Riekeles Max , Bruder Vincent , Adams Nicholas , Santos Berke , Schulze-Makuch Dirk
Published: February 2025

One excellent biosignature for the present detection of microbial life on Earth is motility, leading to its growing interest within the astrobiological community as an observable attribute that, if detected during future in situ space missions, could point towards the existence of life on Mars or other celestial bodies. Microbial motility can be induced by various stimulants, including certain chemicals called chemoeffectors, leading to subsequent chemotaxis. Following this concept, this work examines the chemotactic affinities of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis as well as the archaeon Haloferax volcanii for L-serine, which has been previously demonstrated to have a high chemoeffective potency across a wide range of species from all domains of life on Earth. Methodologically, we introduce here a novel approach for utilizing µ-slides that diverges from the more traditional long-term chemotactic assay in favor of a shorter time frame assay that only requires a simple blob detection algorithm for microbial detection. Given the technical, computational, and time constraints necessary for an in-situ life detection mission, this simplified approach could be a cost and resource-effective way to probe for potential chemotactic-responsive life. Overall, the results indicated that each of the three organisms showed chemotactic behavior toward L-serine, which, to our knowledge, is the first time that an L-serine-induced chemotactic response has been detected for H. volcanii.
Modal Vibration Suppression for Magnetically Levitated Rotor Considering Significant Gyroscopic Effects and Interface Contact
Authors: Zeng Kun , Zhou Yang , Xu Yuanping , Zhou Jin
Published: February 2025

Featured with optimal power consumption, active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have been extensively integrated into turbomachinery applications. For turbomachinery components, including the rotor and impeller, their connection is generally based on bolted joints, which would easily induce excessive interface contact. As a result, the pre-tightening torque can induce modal vibrations in the rotor upon levitation. Although a notch filter can be adopted to suppress the vibrations, it should be noted that the current reported notch filters are based on fixed center frequency, making it challenging to enable high effectiveness over a broad range of rotor speeds, particularly in cases where the gyroscopic effect is significant. Herein, a modal vibration suppression based on a varying-frequency notch filter is proposed, considering gyroscopic effect and interface contact. First, the rotor–AMB system was developed, taking into consideration the bolted-joint interface contact. This modeled the effect of the interface contact as a time-varying force in the positive feedback. Secondly, the relationship between vibration frequency and rotational speed was obtained, based on simulations. Lastly, a test rig was configured to validate the performance of the frequency-varying notch filter. The experimental data confirm that the filter is capable of attenuating the modal vibrations resulting from interface contact across all operational speeds.
Understanding the Influence of Early-Life Stressors on Social Interaction, Telomere Length, and Hair Cortisol Concentration in Homeless Kittens
Authors: Vernick Jennifer , Martin Chelsea , Montelpare William , Dunham Arthur E. , Overall Karen L.
Published: February 2025

The early postnatal period is a critical neurodevelopmental stage characterized by rapid neural maturation and is adversely affected by early-life stressors. This study explored the behavioural, physiological, and epigenetic consequences of early-life stress in a population of homeless rescue kittens. This longitudinal study included 50 kittens rescued and placed into foster care by the Prince Edward Island Humane Society. They underwent behavioural testing at 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age. Hair cortisol concentration was measured at 8 weeks and served as a physiological marker of the previous 3 months’ cumulative stress response, which, for these kittens, included the late gestation period. A blood sample for relative telomere length measurement was taken at 10–12 weeks to estimate epigenetic changes as young kittens. Data were analyzed with respect to age and performance in all repeated measures tests, status as a stray or a surrender, and the presence of the dam in their foster homes. As expected, the performance of kittens in all tests changed over the 5 weeks of testing. Kittens separated from their mothers exhibited significantly higher hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.02) and elongated relative telomere lengths (p = 0.04). No correlation was found between hair cortisol concentration and relative telomere lengths (p = 0.99). These results support the need for further study on the effects of epigenetics and early-life stress, both in kittens and across species.
Genome-Wide Association Study Pinpoints Novel Candidate Genes Associated with the Gestation Length of the First Parity in French Large White Sows
Authors: Duan Dongdong , Zhou Shenping , Wang Zhenyu , Qiao Chuanmin , Han Jinyi , Li Mengyu , Zhou Hao , Li Xinjian , Xin Wenshui
Published: February 2025

Gestation length (GL) is a critical indicator of reproductive performance in sows and is closely associated with other reproductive traits, such as total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA). Despite its importance, the genetic mechanisms underlying GL and its impact on reproductive traits remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between GL and reproductive traits using 7013 farrowing records and conducted an imputed whole-genome sequence-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) for GL in first-parity sows, involving 3005 French Large White sows. Our findings revealed that the heritability of GL ranged from 0.22 to 0.26. Both excessively short and long GLs were associated with negative impacts on TNB, NBA, and other reproductive traits. A total of 64 SNPs exceeded the significance threshold, leading to the identification of two novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 5 (QTL-1: 15.29–15.39 Mb and QTL-2: 12.86–12.94 Mb) and three promising candidate genes: TROAP, RFX4, and ADCY6. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these candidate genes are enriched in key biological processes, including ovarian steroidogenesis, the GnRH signaling pathway, and the regulation of cAMP biosynthesis, all of which are crucial for gestation and pregnancy maintenance. These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of GL in sows and offer valuable genetic markers for enhancing reproductive efficiency in breeding programs.
Safeguarding Bee Health: Insights from a Collaborative Monitoring and Prevention Project Against Pesticide Poisonings
Authors: Gasparini Mara , Prestini Giovanni , Rainini Franco , Cancemi Gabriella , De Palo Silvia , Colombari Livio , Mortarino Michele
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, bee poisoning due to pesticides and agrochemicals has increased, posing significant challenges to honey bee health and contributing to the so-called “Colony Collapse Disorder” (CCD). Poor knowledge about the level of exposure of bee colonies to pesticides and agrochemicals, whether from the environment or beekeeping management practices, is a major limiting factor in preventing these diseases. Collaboration among different stakeholders, such as beekeeping associations, local veterinary authorities, and researchers, is essential to create monitoring programs that can collect these data and enable the prompt implementation of surveillance and preventive actions to address potential bee colony poisoning incidents caused by these contaminants. The present study describes the results obtained through a collaborative initiative that was implemented for monitoring and preventing pesticide-induced bee poisonings in a territory of northern Italy where the exposure of honey bee colonies to different types of pesticides and agrochemicals may occur. Four sentinel apiaries were selected based on possible sources of pollution throughout the territory. Pollen samples were collected at different times during the years 2021–2022 and analyzed for pesticides using gas and liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) techniques. The findings showed the presence of a number of pesticides, such as pyrethroids, permethrin, cypermethrin, amitraz, and pendimethalin, at varying concentrations. Acute bee mortality was observed in a field case related to pyrethroid exposure in 2022, in an urban area. These results confirm the need for timely interventions, improved sampling methods, and continuous monitoring to safeguard bee populations. Collaboration with local beekeepers and public authorities is thus essential in addressing pesticide use and bee health challenges, fostering efficient communication and training efforts to support sustainable beekeeping.
The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System and Its Genetic Variants in Physiology and Diseases
Authors: Mancuso Cesare
Published: February 2025

Heme oxygenase (HO) metabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter being reduced into bilirubin-IXα (BR) by the biliverdin reductase-A (BVR). Heme oxygenase exists as two isoforms, HO-1, inducible and involved in the cell stress response, and HO-2, constitutive and committed to the physiologic turnover of heme and in the intracellular oxygen sensing. Many studies have identified genetic variants of the HO/BVR system and suggested their connection in free radical-induced diseases. The most common genetic variants include (GT)n dinucleotide length polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Gain-of-function mutations in the HO-1 and HO-2 genes foster the ventilator response to hypoxia and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and age-related macular degeneration but increase the risk of neonatal jaundice, sickle cell disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in the HO-1 gene increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and some types of cancers. Regarding BVR, the reported loss-of-function mutations increase the risk of green jaundice. Unfortunately, the physiological role of the HO/BVR system does not allow for the hypothesis gene silencing/induction strategies, but knowledge of these mutations can certainly facilitate a medical approach that enables early diagnoses and tailored treatments.
Breeding of Camels in Europe: Between Continuity and Innovation
Authors: Maitra Ahana , Iglesias Pastrana Carlos , Faye Bernard , Burger Pamela , Ciani Elena
Published: February 2025

Camel breeding in Europe has undergone significant changes, intertwining historical continuity with modern innovation. Historically, dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), played essential roles in Roman logistics, medieval rituals, and agriculture, leaving archeological and cultural footprints across Europe. Following a decline during the Middle Ages, camels were largely confined to exotic collections. However, the past few decades have witnessed a resurgence in camel farming, primarily driven by tourism and the demand for camel milk, with an estimated 5000–6000 camels now present in Europe. Despite their adaptability to harsh climates and nutritional advantages, the sector faces challenges such as small population sizes, fragmented breeding efforts, and the absence of regulatory frameworks tailored to camels. Advances in genomic tools, including genome-wide association studies and SNP genotyping, have created opportunities for the genetic management of camels in Europe, yet also reveal concerns about low genetic diversity stemming from founder effects. Addressing these issues requires coordinated international efforts, standardized phenotype recording, and enhanced welfare guidelines. With climate change highlighting the resilience of camels to arid environments, their potential as sustainable livestock remains promising. This review underscores the balance between preserving the historical legacy of camels in Europe and fostering their integration into contemporary agricultural systems.
The Use of Instrumented Indentation for the Evaluation of Diffusion-Bonded Materials
Authors: Wheeler David W.
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews the use of instrumented indentation (nanoindentation) for the evaluation of diffusion-bonded materials. The properties of the near-interfacial regions in diffusion-bonded systems are often significantly different from the bulk properties of the parent materials. Examples of such regions include hard and brittle intermetallic compounds which can be detrimental to the strength of the bond. These regions are often only a few micrometres in thickness, which can hinder efforts to measure their properties. Nanoindentation, which can be used to map the properties of heterogeneous materials, offers a means by which the mechanical properties of these interfacial regions may be obtained, which cannot be obtained by other techniques.
Exploring the Relationship Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Running Parameters in Elite Football Athletes
Authors: Pinelli Salvatore , Mandorino Mauro , Fantozzi Silvia , Lacome Mathieu
Published: February 2025

In contemporary sports science, the integration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) has revolutionized athlete performance monitoring, offering insights into training load management and injury risk mitigation. The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) has emerged as a pivotal metric, indicating the balance between acute training stress and chronic adaptation. This study investigates the relationship between ACWR and running parameters, i.e., contact time (CT), flight time (FT), and vertical stiffness (Kvert). Data from thirty-five elite male soccer players were analyzed using the WIMU Pro system. Statistical analyses showed that CT increased with workload, with significant differences observed between athletes in the sweet spot and others in the danger zone (p < 0.05), and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) ranging from 0.28 to 0.37. Kvert values were consistently lower in athletes in the danger zone across all workload indicators (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes going up to 0.94. Conversely, FT showed no significant variation between ACWR groups. These findings suggest that elevated ACWRs may be linked to reductions in vertical stiffness, highlighting a potential increase in risk of injury. Coaches and practitioners can utilize these insights to tailor training programs, integrating load monitoring with tactical considerations to optimize athlete performance. Understanding the nuanced interplay between workload ratios and biomechanical parameters provides valuable insights for performance optimization for elite football athletes.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Climate Change and Climate Variability, and Their Impact on Extreme Events (1st Edition)
Authors: Nayak Sridhara , Sahu Netrananda
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the effects of climate change and climate variability have attracted significant global attention due to their growing impact on extreme weather and climate events [...]
23Na-MRI for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring: A Scoping Review
Authors: Smith Taylor , Chau Minh , Sims Jordan , Arruzza Elio
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Variations in intracellular and extracellular sodium levels have been hypothesized to serve as biomarkers for tumour characterization and therapeutic response. While previous research has explored the feasibility of 23Na-MRI, a comprehensive review of its clinical utility in breast cancer is lacking. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing literature on the potential role of 23Na-MRI in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. (2) Methods: This review included English-language studies reporting on quantitative applications of 23Na-MRI in breast cancer. Systematic searches were conducted across PubMed, Emcare, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Medline. (3) Results: Seven primary studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting the ability of 23Na-MRI to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions based on elevated total sodium concentration (TSC) in tumour tissues. 23Na-MRI also showed potential in early prediction of treatment response, with significant reductions in TSC observed in responders. However, the studies varied widely in their protocols, use of phantoms, field strengths, and contrast agent application, limiting inter-study comparability. (4) Conclusion: 23Na-MRI holds promise as a complementary imaging modality for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, standardization of imaging protocols and technical optimization are essential before it can be translated into clinical practice.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Kuźniar-Pałka Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a significant health problem with no known single cause. There is a vast number of evidence to suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in this disorder. The author of this article reviewed the current literature in order to summarise the knowledge on the subject. In this paper, the role of oxidative stress is investigated in the context of its influence on pathogenesis, the use of oxidative stress biomarkers as diagnostic tools and the use of antioxidants in ASD treatment. Given the heterogeneity of ASD aetiology and inadequate treatment approaches, the search for common metabolic traits is essential to find more efficient diagnostic tools and treatment methods. There are increasing data to suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD, both directly and through its interplay with inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress biomarkers appear to have good potential to be used as diagnostic tools to aid early diagnosis of ASD. The results are most promising for glutathione and its derivatives and also for isoprostanses. Probably, complex dedicated multi-parametric metabolic panels may be used in the future. Antioxidants show good potential in ASD-supportive treatment. In all described fields, the data support the importance of oxidative stress but also a need for further research, especially in the context of sample size and, preferably, with a multicentre approach.
Epidural Stimulation of the Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Improves Trunk Lean Distances in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Joshi Kundan , Smith Nyah , Rejc Enrico , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Harkema Susan J. , Angeli Claudia A.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Preliminary observations support the view that spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) combined with trunk-specific training can improve trunk stability during functional activities in individuals with thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). We studied the acute effects of trunk-specific stimulation on sitting postural control. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with severe cervical SCI were implanted with an epidural stimulator. Postural control was assessed before any activity-based training, without and with trunk-specific scES. In particular, participants performed sitting with upright posture, forward/back lean, and lateral lean activities while sitting on a standard therapy mat. Full-body kinematics and trunk electromyography (EMG) were acquired. Anterior-posterior and lateral trunk displacement along with trunk velocity in all four directions were obtained and used to classify postural control responses. Results: Compared to no stimulation, application of trunk-specific scES led to trunk anterior–posterior displacement increases during forward/back lean (2.79 ± 0.97 cm; p-value = 0.01), and trunk lateral displacement increases during lateral lean (2.19 ± 0.79 cm; p-value = 0.01). After digital filtering of stimulation artifacts, EMG root mean square amplitudes for bilateral external oblique, rectus abdominus, and erector spinae muscles were higher with stimulation for all activities (all p-values < 0.03). Conclusions: The results indicate improvements in trunk lean distances and muscle activation when leaning activities are performed with trunk-specific epidural stimulation.