bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational design of imine‐linked three‐dimensional mesoporous covalent organic frameworks with bor topology
Authors: Li Zonglong , Hsueh Chouhung , Tang Zhuozhuo , Chen Jia , Wang Xiaolin , Cui Hao , Yang Yang , Wang Xiaodan , Ren Dongsheng , Gao Hongqiang , Li Mingyang , Xu Hong , He Xiangming
Published: March 2022

Three‐dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess great potential applications in various fields. Constructing 3D COFs with large pore sizes is extremely challenging due to the interpenetration and collapse. Herein, we report a series of crystalline imine‐linked 3D COFs (3D‐bor‐COF‐1, 3D‐bor‐COF‐2, 3D‐bor‐COF‐3) with mesoporous channels through rationally designing the topology configuration. These 3D‐bor‐COFs display permanent porosity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surfaces of 3205.5, 1752.7, and 2077.3 m2 g−1 (SLangmuir = 4277.7, 2480.3, and 2698.0 m2 g−1), respectively. The pore sizes of 3D‐bor‐COFs were confirmed by the lattice fringes from high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, as well as structural simulation and nitrogen adsorption isotherm analysis. 3D‐bor‐COFs display large pore sizes (3.8 nm for 3D‐bor‐COF‐3), which is among the highest record of 3D COFs. Owing to the unstacked‐aromatic pore environment and high specific surface area, 3D‐bor‐COFs display excellent adsorption capacity for benzene vapor (1203.9 mg g−1 for 3D‐bor‐COF‐3) under 298 K, which is three times higher than that of the best‐reported 2D COF. This work not only provides inspiration for designing 3D mesoporous imine‐COFs, but also demonstrates a strategy for constructing aromatics adsorption materials.
First-order separation over countable ordinals
Authors: Colcombet Thomas , van Gool Sam , Morvan Rémi
Published: March 2022

We show that the existence of a first-order formula separating two monadic second order formulas over countable ordinal words is decidable. This extends the work of Henckell and Almeida on finite words, and of Place and Zeitoun on $$\omega $$
ω
-words. For this, we develop the algebraic concept of monoid (resp. $$\omega $$
ω
-semigroup, resp. ordinal monoid) with aperiodic merge, an extension of monoids (resp. $$\omega $$
ω
-semigroup, resp. ordinal monoid) that explicitly includes a new operation capturing the loss of precision induced by first-order indistinguishability. We also show the computability of FO-pointlike sets, and the decidability of the covering problem for first-order logic on countable ordinal words.
Temporal Stream Logic modulo Theories
Authors: Finkbeiner Bernd , Heim Philippe , Passing Noemi
Published: March 2022

Temporal stream logic (TSL) extends LTL with updates and predicates over arbitrary function terms. This allows for specifying data-intensive systems for which LTL is not expressive enough. In the semantics of TSL, functions and predicates are left uninterpreted. In this paper, we extend TSL with first-order theories, enabling us to specify systems using interpreted functions and predicates such as incrementation or equality. We investigate the satisfiability problem of TSL modulo the standard underlying theory of uninterpreted functions as well as with respect to Presburger arithmetic and the theory of equality: For all three theories, TSL satisfiability is neither semi-decidable nor co-semi-decidable. Nevertheless, we identify three fragments of TSL for which the satisfiability problem is (semi-)decidable in the theory of uninterpreted functions. Despite the undecidability, we present an algorithm – which is not guaranteed to terminate – for checking the satisfiability of a TSL formula in the theory of uninterpreted functions and evaluate it: It scales well and is able to validate assumptions in a real-world system design.
Limits and difficulties in the design of under-approximation abstract domains
Authors: Ascari Flavio , Bruni Roberto , Gori Roberta
Published: March 2022

Static analyses are mostly designed to show the absence of bugs: if the analysis reports no alarms then the program won’t exhibit any unwanted behaviours. To this aim they manipulate over-approximations of program semantics and, inevitably, they often report some false alarms. Recently, O’Hearn proposed Incorrectness Logic, that is based on under-approximations, as a formal method to find bugs that only reports true alarms. In this paper we aim to answer one important question raised by O’Hearn, namely which role can Abstract Interpretation play for the development of under-approximate tools for bug catching. In principle, Abstract Interpretation based static analyses can be defined for computing over-approximations as well as under-approximations, but in practice, most techniques exploited the former while few attempts developed the latter. To show why it is difficult to design effective under-approximation abstract domains, we first propose the new definitions of non emptying functions and highly surjective function family and then we formally prove the limits of under-approximation analysis by showing the non existence of abstract domains able to approximate such functions in a non trivial way. Our results outline the limits of under-approximation Abstract Interpretation and clarify, for the first time, why over- and under- approximation analyzers exhibited such a different development.
Polarized Subtyping
Authors: Lakhani Zeeshan , Das Ankush , DeYoung Henry , Mordido Andreia , Pfenning Frank
Published: March 2022

Polarization of types in call-by-push-value naturally leads to the separation of inductively defined observable values (classified by positive types), and coinductively defined computations (classified by negative types), with adjoint modalities mediating between them. Taking this separation as a starting point, we develop a semantic characterization of typing with step indexing to capture observation depth of recursive computations. This semantics justifies a rich set of subtyping rules for an equirecursive variant of call-by-push-value, including variant and lazy records. We further present a bidirectional syntactic typing system for both values and computations that elegantly and pragmatically circumvents difficulties of type inference in the presence of width and depth subtyping for variant and lazy records. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system by systematically deriving related systems of subtyping for (a) isorecursive types, (b) call-by-name, and (c) call-by-value, all using a structural rather than a nominal interpretation of types.
Foundations for Entailment Checking in Quantitative Separation Logic
Authors: Batz Kevin , Fesefeldt Ira , Jansen Marvin , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Keßler Florian , Matheja Christoph , Noll Thomas
Published: March 2022

Quantitative separation logic () is an extension of separation logic () for the verification of probabilistic pointer programs. In , formulae evaluate to real numbers instead of truth values, e.g., the probability of memory-safe termination in a given symbolic heap. As with , one of the key problems when reasoning with is entailment: does a formula f entail another formula g?

We give a generic reduction from entailment checking in to entailment checking in . This allows to leverage the large body of research for the automated verification of probabilistic pointer programs. We analyze the complexity of our approach and demonstrate its applicability. In particular, we obtain the first decidability results for the verification of such programs by applying our reduction to a quantitative extension of the well-known symbolic-heap fragment of separation logic.
Extracting total Amb programs from proofs
Authors: Berger Ulrich , Tsuiki Hideki
Published: March 2022

We present a logical system CFP (Concurrent Fixed Point Logic) that supports the extraction of nondeterministic and concurrent programs that are provably total and correct. CFP is an intuitionistic first-order logic with inductive and coinductive definitions extended by two propositional operators, $$B|_{A}$$

B
|

A

(restriction, a strengthening of implication) and $${\mathbf {\downdownarrows }}(B)$$

⇊
(
B
)

(total concurrency). The source of the extraction are formal CFP proofs, the target is a lambda calculus with constructors and recursion extended by a constructor Amb (for McCarthy’s amb) which is interpreted operationally as globally angelic choice and is used to implement nondeterminism and concurrency. The correctness of extracted programs is proven via an intermediate domain-theoretic denotational semantics. We demonstrate the usefulness of our system by extracting a nondeterministic program that translates infinite Gray code into the signed digit representation. A noteworthy feature of our system is that the proof rules for restriction and concurrency involve variants of the classical law of excluded middle that would not be interpretable computationally without Amb.
Why3-do: The Way of Harmonious Distributed System Proofs
Authors: Lourenço Cláudio Belo , Pinto Jorge Sousa
Published: March 2022

We study principles and models for reasoning inductively about properties of distributed systems, based on programmed atomic handlers equipped with contracts. We present the Why3-do library, leveraging a state of the art software verifier for reasoning about distributed systems based on our models. A number of examples involving invariants containing existential and nested quantifiers (including Dijsktra’s self-stabilizing systems) illustrate how the library promotes contract-based modular development, abstraction barriers, and automated proofs.
Semantic Code Search in Software Repositories using Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Papathomas Evangelos , Diamantopoulos Themistoklis , Symeonidis Andreas
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, software development is accelerated through the reuse of code snippets found online in question-answering platforms and software repositories. In order to be efficient, this process requires forming an appropriate query and identifying the most suitable code snippet, which can sometimes be challenging and particularly time-consuming. Over the last years, several code recommendation systems have been developed to offer a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, most of them recommend API calls or sequences instead of reusable code snippets. Furthermore, they do not employ architectures advanced enough to exploit the semantics of natural language and code in order to form the optimal query from the question posed. To overcome these issues, we propose CodeTransformer, a code recommendation system that provides useful, reusable code snippets extracted from open-source GitHub repositories. By employing a neural network architecture that comprises advanced attention mechanisms, our system effectively understands and models natural language queries and code snippets in a joint vector space. Upon evaluating CodeTransformer quantitatively against a similar system and qualitatively using a dataset from Stack Overflow, we conclude that our approach can recommend useful and reusable snippets to developers.
Alternative formulations of the twistor double copy
Authors: Chacón Erick , Nagy Silvia , White Chris D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The classical double copy relating exact solutions of biadjoint scalar, gauge and gravity theories continues to receive widespread attention. Recently, a derivation of the exact classical double copy was presented, using ideas from twistor theory, in which spacetime fields are mapped to Cech cohomology classes in twistor space. A puzzle remains, however, in how to interpret the twistor double copy, in that it relies on somehow picking special representatives of each cohomology class. In this paper, we provide two alternative formulations of the twistor double copy using the more widely-used language of Dolbeault cohomology. The first amounts to a rewriting of the Cech approach, whereas the second uses known techniques for discussing spacetime fields in Euclidean signature. The latter approach indeed allows us to identify special cohomology representatives, suggesting that further application of twistor methods in exploring the remit of the double copy may be fruitful.
On the complete metrisability of spaces of contractive semigroups
Authors: Dahya Raj
Published: March 2022

The space of unitary$$C_{0}$$C0-semigroups on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, when viewed under the topology of uniform weak operator convergence on compact subsets of$${\mathbb {R}}_{+}$$R+, is known to admit various interesting residual subspaces. Before treating the contractive case, the problem of the complete metrisability of this space was raised in [4]. Utilising Borel complexity computations and automatic continuity results for semigroups, we obtain a general result, which in particular implies that the one-/multiparameter contractive$$C_{0}$$C0-semigroups constitute Polish spaces and thus positively addresses the open problem.
Essential role of a conserved aspartate for the enzymatic activity of plasmanylethanolamine desaturase
Authors: Werner Ernst R. , Fernández-Quintero Monica L. , Hulo Nicolas , Golderer Georg , Sailer Sabrina , Lackner Katharina , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Liedl Klaus R. , Watschinger Katrin
Published: March 2022

Plasmalogens are an abundant class of glycerophospholipids in the mammalian body, with special occurrence in the brain and in immune cell membranes. Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (PEDS1) is the final enzyme of plasmalogen biosynthesis, which introduces the characteristic 1-O-alk-1′-enyl double bond. The recent sequence identification of PEDS1 as transmembrane protein 189 showed that its protein sequence is related to a special class of plant desaturases (FAD4), with whom it shares a motif of 8 conserved histidines, which are essential for the enzymatic activity. In the present work, we wanted to gain more insight into the sequence–function relationship of this enzyme and mutated to alanine additional 28 amino acid residues of murine plasmanylethanolamine desaturase including those 20 residues, which are also totally conserved—in addition to the eight-histidine-motif—among the animal PEDS1 and plant FAD4 plant desaturases. We measured the enzymatic activity by transient transfection of tagged murine PEDS1 expression clones to a PEDS1-deficient human HAP1 cell line by monitoring of labeled plasmalogens formed from supplemented 1-O-pyrenedecyl-sn-glycerol in relation to recombinant protein expression. Surprisingly, only a single mutation, namely aspartate 100, led to a total loss of PEDS1 activity. The second strongest impact on enzymatic activity had mutation of phenylalanine 118, leaving only 6% residual activity. A structural model obtained by homology modelling to available structures of stearoyl-CoA reductase predicted that this aspartate 100 residue interacts with histidine 96, and phenylalanine 118 interacts with histidine 187, both being essential histidines assumed to be involved in the coordination of the di-metal center of the enzyme.
Homogenization of the Full Compressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier System in Randomly Perforated Domains
Authors: Oschmann Florian
Published: March 2022

We consider the homogenization of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations in a randomly perforated domain in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

. Assuming that the particle size scales like $$\varepsilon ^\alpha $$

ε
α

, where $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

is their mutual distance and $$\alpha >3$$

α
>
3

, we show that in the limit $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

, the velocity, density, and temperature converge to a solution of the same system. We follow the methods of Lu and Pokorný [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2020.10.032] and Pokorný and Skříšovský [https://doi.org/10.1007/s41808-021-00124-x] where they considered the full system in periodically perforated domains.
Highly mercury-resistant strains from different Colombian Amazon ecosystems affected by artisanal gold mining activities
Authors: Cardona Gladys Inés , Escobar María Camila , Acosta-González Alejandro , Marín Patricia , Marqués Silvia
Published: March 2022

Two sites of the Colombian Amazon region with different levels of human intervention and mercury pollution were selected for the collection of samples of river and lake water, sediments, and associated forest soils. The Tarapacá region, affected mainly by barrage mining, showed low mercury concentrations, whilst in the Taraira region, affected by underground mining, there were several points with high mercury pollution levels. A collection of 72 bacterial and 10 yeast strains with different levels of mercury resistance was isolated and characterized. Most of the highly resistant bacterial strains (MIC > 40 mg L−1 HgCl2) were isolated from soil and sediment samples and belonged to either Pseudomonas (60%) or Bacillus (20%). Most of highly resistant bacterial strains were positive for the presence of the merA gene, suggesting an active mercury resistance mechanism. This was confirmed in the two most resistant strains, Pseudomonas sp. TP30 and Burkholderia contaminans TR100 (MIC = 64 and 71 mg L−1 HgCl2, respectively), which in the presence of increasing mercury concentrations expressed the merA gene at increasing levels, concomitant with a significant mercury reduction activity. Analysis of the MerA sequences present in the different isolates suggested a high gene conservation within the taxonomic groups but also several horizontal gene transfer events between taxonomically distant genera. We also observed a positive correspondence between the presence of the merA gene and the number of antibiotics to which the strains were resistant to. The most resistant strains are good candidates for future applications in the bioremediation of mercury-contaminated sites in the Amazon.

Key points

• Amazon sediments affected by underground gold mining have higher Hg levels.

• Highly Hg-resistant isolates belonged to Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera.

• TR100 and TP30 strains showed remediation potential to be used in the Amazon region.

Graphical abstract
Phenylpropanoids in Silybum marianum cultures treated with cyclodextrins coated with magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Corchete Purificación , Almagro Lorena , Gabaldón Jose Antonio , Pedreño María Angeles , Palazón Javier
Published: March 2022

The glucose oligosaccharide-derived cyclodextrins (CDs) are used for improving bioactive compound production in plant cell cultures because, in addition to their elicitation activity, CDs promote product removal from cells. However, despite these advantages, the industrial application of CDs is hampered by their high market price. A strategy to overcome this constraint was recently tested, in which reusable CD polymers coated with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were harnessed in Vitis vinifera cell cultures to produce t-resveratrol (t-R).

In this study, we applied hydroxypropyl-β-CDs (HPCD) and HPCDs coated with magnetic nanoparticles (HPCD-EPI-MN) in methyl jasmonate (MJ)-treated transgenic Silybum marianum cultures ectopically expressing either a stilbene synthase gene (STS) or a chalcone synthase gene (CHS), and compared their effects on the yields of t-R and naringenin (Ng), respectively. HPCD-EPI-MN at 15 g/L stimulated the accumulation of metabolites in the culture medium of the corresponding transgenic cell lines, with up to 4 mg/L of t-R and 3 mg/L of Ng released after 3 days. Similar amounts were produced in cultures treated with HPCD. Concentrations higher than 15 g/L of HPCD-EPI-MN and prolonged incubation periods negatively affected cell growth and viability in both transgenic cell lines. Reutilization of HPCD-EPI-MN was possible in three elicitation cycles (72 h each), after which the polymer retained 25–30% of its initial efficiency, indicating good stability and reusability.

Due to their capacity to adsorb metabolites and their recyclability, the application of magnetic CD polymers may reduce the costs of establishing efficient secondary metabolite production systems on a commercial scale.

Key points

• Long-term transgenic S. marianum suspensions stably produce transgene products

• t-R and Ng accumulated extracellularly in cultures elicited with HPCD and HPCD-EPI-MN

• The recyclability of HPCD-EPI-MN for metabolite production was proven

Graphical abstract
Drying tendency over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau in recent decades: role of a CGT-like atmospheric change
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Yang Song , Luo Haolin , Li Jiandong
Published: March 2022

A significant drying tendency over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (SSTP) in summer (especially in July–September) during 1980–2018 is identified in this study. Moisture budget analysis reveals that the drying tendency is dominated by a decreased vertical moisture advection due to weakened upward motion, which is mainly resulted from an anticyclonic trend appeared over the northeastern TP. This anomalous anticyclone can weaken the upper-tropospheric divergence pumping over the SSTP. In addition, moist static energy diagnosis indicates that the southern branch of the anomalous anticyclone advects low moist enthalpy air into the SSTP, which also suppresses local upward motion and convection. Moreover, the anticyclonic trend over the northeastern TP is found not a local phenomenon, but is rather associated with the large-scale atmospheric change in the middle latitudes that shows a circumglobal teleconnection (CGT)-like pattern. Our results highlight that the long-term CGT-like trend of atmospheric circulation plays a crucial role in triggering the drying tendency over the SSTP in recent decades.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Travaglino Antonio , Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Gencarelli Annarita , Esposito Italia , Gallo Cinzia , Improda Francesco Paolo , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Mollo Antonio , Casadio Paolo , Seracchioli Renato , Zullo Fulvio , Insabato Luigi
Published: March 2022

Background

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) may show loss of expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein. It has been suggested that Bcl-2 loss may both be a diagnostic marker and an unfavorable prognostic marker in uLMS.

Objective

To define the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 loss in uLMS through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2020 for all studies assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 loss of immunohistochemical expression in uLMS. Data were extracted to calculate odds ratio (OR) for the association of Bcl-2 with uLMS vs leiomyoma variants and smooth-muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival; a p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Eight studies with 388 patients were included. Loss of Bcl-2 expression in uLMS was not significantly associated with a diagnosis of uLMS vs leiomyoma variants and STUMP (OR = 2.981; p = 0.48). Bcl-2 loss was significantly associated with shorter overall survival in uLMS (HR = 3.722; p = 0.006). High statistical heterogeneity was observed in both analyses.

Conclusion

Loss of Bcl-2 expression appears as a significant prognostic but not diagnostic marker in uLMS. The high heterogeneity observed highlights the need for further research and larger studies.
Evaluation of the benefit of thermal spa therapy in plaque psoriasis: the PSOTHERMES randomized clinical trial
Authors: Beylot-Barry Marie , Mahé Emmanuel , Rolland Carole , de la Bretèque Maud Amy , Eychenne Claire , Charles Julie , Payen Catherine , Machet Laurent , Vermorel Céline , Foote Alison , Roques Christian , Bosson Jean-Luc
Published: March 2022

Spa therapy is considered an add-on treatment for psoriasis, but without any objective evaluation in the absence of randomized trials. This multicenter, open-label, randomized trial compared immediate spa therapy versus a control group having usual treatments until study assessments at 4.5 months. Spa therapy was proposed in five French spa resorts with standardized programs. Inclusion criteria were adults with plaque psoriasis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) > 10, and stable medical treatment in the last 6 months. The main objective was DLQI ≤ 10 at 4.5 months after inclusion. VQ-Dermato and EQ5D-3L also assessed quality of life (QoL), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) stress, and visual analogue scales (VAS) pain and pruritus. Between January 2015 and November 2018, 128 patients were randomized to either immediate spa therapy (64) (within 34 days, median) or usual treatments (61) until assessment at 4.5 months. Most were first-time spa users (71.2%). Mean DLQI and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index at inclusion were 16.7 and 10.5, respectively. Immediate spa therapy patients achieved the primary objective for 66.1% [95% CI 52.6% > 77.9%] vs 41.4% [95% CI 28.6% > 55.1%] control group patients (p = 0.007). VQ-Dermato scores and pruritus VAS significantly improved. Outcomes at 12-month follow-up of the immediate spa therapy group showed persistent improvement of DLQI, VQ-Dermato, and pruritus. This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a cure of spa therapy improves QoL and alleviates certain symptoms of psoriasis, in short and long terms. This justifies its integration in the therapeutic strategies for psoriasis. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02098213.
AI-based user authentication reinforcement by continuous extraction of behavioral interaction features
Authors: Garabato Daniel , Dafonte Carlos , Santoveña Raúl , Silvelo Arturo , Nóvoa Francisco J. , Manteiga Minia
Published: March 2022

In this work, we conduct an experiment to analyze the feasibility of a continuous authentication method based on the monitorization of the users’ activity to verify their identities through specific user profiles modeled via Artificial Intelligence techniques. In order to conduct the experiment, a custom application was developed to gather user records in a guided scenario where some predefined actions must be completed. This dataset has been anonymized and will be available to the community. Additionally, a public dataset was also used for benchmarking purposes so that our techniques could be validated in a non-guided scenario. Such data were processed to extract a number of key features that could be used to train three different Artificial Intelligence techniques: Support Vector Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptrons, and a Deep Learning approach. These techniques demonstrated to perform well in both scenarios, being able to authenticate users in an effective manner. Finally, a rejection test was conducted, and a continuous authentication system was proposed and tested using weighted sliding windows, so that an impostor could be detected in a real environment when a legitimate user session is hijacked.
Formal model for inter-component communication and its security in android
Authors: El-Zawawy Mohamed A. , Faruki Parvez , Conti Mauro
Published: March 2022

The Android application framework has a pervasive presence. In early 2021, Android has over $$70\%$$

70
%

share of the operating system mobile market (according to GlobalStats). Components are the main building blocks of Android Applications. These blocks communicate via a rich Inter-Component Communication (ICC) model rather than the traditional inter-process communication model. , -filters, and their resolution (matching) algorithm are main elements of the ICC. However, the resolution algorithm is not robust enough and has flaws that can lead to security breaches. In this paper, we present DLAIR, as an enrichment of the resolution algorithm to overcome its security issues. To this end, we start by presenting a formal model to express and validate the ICC semantics. This includes defining key properties guaranteeing consistent and realistic semantic states. We then demonstrate how the semantics can be used to formally validate ICC aspects and to express and check ICC system updates. We verified our proposed model and all its lemmas and theorems in the Coq Proof Assistant, a machine-assisted verification tool. We extend our semantics to develop DLAIR which is assisted by a heuristic, and lightweight tool, LekInt. This tool identifies suspicious execution paths responsible for based sensitive user-information leakage. On a dataset of 2000 real-world apps, we evaluated LekInt against Flowdroid, a state-of-the-art information leakage analysis tool. Experiments show that LekInt is more effective and efficient than Flowdroid which has a higher false-negative rate and lower false-positive rate than LekInt. Considering the dynamic context in which LekInt is designed to work, the advantage of efficiency overcomes the disadvantage of higher false-negative.
Comparing future climatic suitability to shoreline loss for recreational beach use: a case study of five Japanese beaches
Authors: Zajch Andrew , Hewer Micah J. , Gough William A. , Udo Keiko
Published: March 2022

Coastal tourism is impacted by regional environmental change, including sea-level rise and climatic change. A case study at five Japanese beaches was conducted to determine the relative difference in coastal and climatic changes that are important for recreational beach tourism. Future climate conditions and projections of shoreline changes due to sea-level rise were estimated using ensembles of 14 and 21 Global Circulation Models (GCMs), respectively. The Holiday Climate Index (HCI:Beach) specific to recreational beach use was used to assess historical and future climatic suitability while beach loss area was used to quantify physical changes to beach conditions. Diminished beaches with improved climate conditions were observed at all sites except Yonehara, which had both diminished beach and climate conditions. Comparing HCI:Beach scores relative to historical conditions revealed a change of −2.4 to +10%, while beach losses were typically >60%. These results highlight that beach tourism suitability at the study sites will likely exhibit greater changes due to sea-level rise, compared to those driven by changing atmospheric conditions.
Postcontact Cultural Perseverance on the Central California Coast: Sedentism and Maritime Intensification
Authors: Jones Terry L. , Hildebrandt William R. , Wohlgemuth Eric , Codding Brian F.
Published: March 2022

Indigenous people throughout North America were dramatically affected by the invasion of European colonizers. Growing evidence suggests that, among many strategies for survival and perseverance, increased sedentism was common; it often resulted from either forced resettlement or attempts to access European resources. We present artifactual, paleoethnobotanical, and faunal findings from the yak tichu tichu yak tilhini northern Chumash village of Tstyiwi (CA-SLO-51/H) where a reasonably discrete postcontact component provides evidence for extreme resource intensification and year-round site use following contact. Although there is evidence for diachronic settlement shifts preceding arrival of the Spanish, the postcontact occupation at Tstyiwi contrasts significantly with 35 exclusively pre-invasion components in its seasonal profile, artifact diversity, density of plant remains, and abundance of fishing equipment and fish bone. High frequencies of the latter two features seem to reflect use of a resource that became the primary focus of subsistence for this coastal community as its inhabitants intensified their work effort to levels never before seen in attempts to avoid the Spanish whose presence had restricted their foraging radius.
STREETS AND OPEN SPACES: COMPARING MOBILITY AND URBAN FORM AT ANGAMUCO AND CHUNCHUCMIL, MEXICO
Authors: Hutson Scott R. , Solinis-Casparius Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

Angamuco and Chunchucmil are two of the few Mesoamerican cities with relatively complete street maps. These maps provide a rare opportunity to study how the bulk of the population moved through cities, how people worked together to organize a network of paths and open spaces, what kind of interactions these features afforded, and how they contributed to the formation of social identities. Having found that space syntax methods confirmed intuitive understandings without generating new findings, we apply a segment (paths) and node (intersections) analysis to both sites. With these analyses we recorded and characterized segment variables such as width, length, form, and curvature, and node variables such as size, form, and number of linked segments. Many of the nodes at both sites are open spaces, allowing us to register details about the configuration of shared public spaces that are less formal than monumental plazas. The analyses revealed neighborhood differentiation, local-level coordination of labor, and intentional efforts to create markets or spaces of assembly that may have complemented collective governance proposed for both sites. While Angamuco and Chunchucmil differ in terms of the general pattern of their pedestrian networks, they share similarities in terms of density of paths and types of intersections.
Novel circularly polarized slot array antennas with a wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth based on a spindle-shaped radiating cavity
Authors: Wang Hai , Lei Xue , Duan Tiandong , Li Tianpeng , Gao Jun , Zhao Mingyang
Published: March 2022

A novel wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) circularly polarized 2 × 2 array antenna is proposed in this paper. The spindle-shaped coupling cavity with tilted waveguide is capable of generating circular polarization waves from incident linear waves, which improves the AR bandwidth (ARBW) of the antenna. With this structure, a similar amplitude of the two orthogonal transmitted wave components and a stable phase difference of nearly 90° can be generated. The circularly polarized antenna proposed herein has been fabricated. According to the measurement results, the operating bandwidth from 5.32 to 6.13 GHz is <−10 dB. In addition, the measured ARBW, which is below 3 dB, can cover the range of 5.41–6.02 GHz. The maximum gain of the antenna can attain 15.65 dBi, and the efficiency is better than 80%.
The Demands-Buffering Role of Perceived and Received Social Support	for Perceived Stress and Cortisol Levels
Authors: Schmiedl Annika , Schulte Eva-Maria , Kauffeld Simone
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Background: Social support is known as a crucial resource in buffering the effect of stress in terms of negative outcomes. Nevertheless, research on potential buffering effects of support before stress sets in has mostly entailed experimental studies. Thus, the current literature limits the transferability into the field, especially concerning the different roles of perceived and actually received social support. Aim: This study aims to extend research on the mechanisms behind the demands-buffering effects of social support. Accordingly, the job demands-resources framework undergirded our analysis of the effects of different aspects of social support (perceived vs. received support and support quality vs. quantity) on the relationship between demands and perceived stress as well as cortisol levels. Method: Data were collected from N = 125 participants at two measurement points 4 weeks apart, using questionnaires, social network analysis, and salivary cortisol. Results: Study findings reveal that (1) buffering effects of support were different for perceived stress and cortisol levels; (2) the buffering effect of perceived support depended on the level of demands, how stress was measured, and whether received support was included in the model; and (3) support quality demonstrated a demand-buffering effect, while support quantity showed contradictory patterns. Limitations: Limitations concerning the sample characteristics and measurement approaches are discussed. Conclusion: Overall, received support, especially quality, seems most relevant for buffering the effect of demands on stress. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need to assess social support as a multidimensional construct to better understand the mechanism of its demand-buffering effects.
Incorporating patient perspectives in the development of a core outcome set for reproductive genetic carrier screening: a sequential systematic review
Authors: Richardson Ebony , McEwen Alison , Newton-John Toby , Crook Ashley , Jacobs Chris
Published: March 2022

There is currently no consensus on the key outcomes of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). This has led to a large amount of variability in approaches to research, limiting direct comparison and synthesis of findings. In a recently published systematic review of quantitative studies on RGCS, we found that few studies incorporated patient-reported outcomes. In response to this gap, we conducted a sequential systematic review of qualitative studies to identify outcomes exploring the patient experience of RGCS. In conjunction with the review of quantitative studies, these outcomes will be used to inform the development of a core outcome set. Text excerpts relevant to outcomes, including quotes and themes, were extracted verbatim and deductively coded as outcomes. We conducted a narrative synthesis to group outcomes within domains previously defined in our review of quantitative studies, and identify any new domains that were unique to qualitative studies. Seventy-eight outcomes were derived from qualitative studies and grouped into 19 outcome domains. Three new outcome domains were identified; ‘goals of pre- and post-test genetic counselling’, ‘acceptability of further testing and alternative reproductive options’, and ‘perceived utility of RGCS’. The identification of outcome domains that were not identified in quantitative studies indicates that outcomes reflecting the patient perspective may be under-represented in the quantitative literature on this topic. Further work should focus on ensuring that outcomes reflect the real world needs and concerns of patients in order to maximise translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Accelerated identification of disease-causing variants with ultra-rapid nanopore genome sequencing
Authors: Goenka Sneha D. , Gorzynski John E. , Shafin Kishwar , Fisk Dianna G. , Pesout Trevor , Jensen Tanner D. , Monlong Jean , Chang Pi-Chuan , Baid Gunjan , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Christle Jeffrey W. , Dalton Karen P. , Garalde Daniel R. , Grove Megan E. , Guillory Joseph , Kolesnikov Alexey , Nattestad Maria , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Samadi Mehrzad , Sethia Ankit , Spiteri Elizabeth , Wright Christopher J. , Xiong Katherine , Zhu Tong , Jain Miten , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Carroll Andrew , Paten Benedict , Ashley Euan A.
Published: March 2022

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can identify variants that cause genetic disease, but the time required for sequencing and analysis has been a barrier to its use in acutely ill patients. In the present study, we develop an approach for ultra-rapid nanopore WGS that combines an optimized sample preparation protocol, distributing sequencing over 48 flow cells, near real-time base calling and alignment, accelerated variant calling and fast variant filtration for efficient manual review. Application to two example clinical cases identified a candidate variant in <8 h from sample preparation to variant identification. We show that this framework provides accurate variant calls and efficient prioritization, and accelerates diagnostic clinical genome sequencing twofold compared with previous approaches.
Evaluating the usefulness of VGI from Waze for the reporting of flash floods
Authors: Lowrie Chris , Kruczkiewicz Andrew , McClain Shanna N. , Nielsen Miriam , Mason Simon J.
Published: March 2022

Using volunteered geographic information (VGI) to supplement disaster risk management systems, including forecasting, risk assessment, and disaster recovery, is increasingly popular. This attention is driven by difficulties in detection and characterization of hazards, as well as the rise of VGI appropriate for characterizing specific forms of risk. Flash-flood historical records, especially those that are impact-based, are not comprehensive, leading to additional barriers for flash-flood research and applications. In this paper we develop a method for associating VGI flood reporting clusters against authoritative data. Using Hurricane Harvey as a case study, VGI reports are assimilated into a spatial analytic framework that derives spatial and temporal clustering parameters supported by associations between Waze’s community-driven emergency operations center and authoritative reports. These parameters are then applied to find previously unreported likely flash flood-events. This study improves the understanding of the distribution of flash flooding during Hurricane Harvey and shows potential application to events in other areas where Waze data and reporting from official sources, such as the National Weather Service, are available.
Study on superconducting Li–Se–H hydrides
Authors: Li BingYu , Yang WenHua , Chen HaiLiang , Zhao LiZhen , Chen LingYan , Yang KaiPing , Lu WenCai
Published: March 2022

Crystal structures and superconducting properties of C2 LiSeH4 and Pmm2 LiSeH6 were studied under pressure using first-principles calculations.
An experimental and computational study of new spiro-barbituric acid pyrazoline scaffolds: restricted rotationvs.annular tautomerism
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Bagherinejad Akram , Kayanian Jasmine , Vianello Robert
Published: March 2022

A regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction to synthesize unsymmetric spiro-barbituric pyrazolines containing a chromone or phenolic pyrazole moiety was achieved, providing good to excellent yields.
Beeinträchtigt die robotergestützte radikale Zystektomie das onkologische Ergebnis bei Blasenkrebspatienten?
Authors: Mally David , Pfister David , Heidenreich Axel , Albers Peter , Niegisch Günter
Published: March 2022

Das Einsatzgebiet der roboterassistierten Chirurgie in der Urologie umfasst mittlerweile ein breites Spektrum an Eingriffen. Wesentlich sind dabei neben rekonstruktiven Eingriffen insbesondere tumorchirurgische Eingriffe wie die radikale Zystektomie. Während Untersuchungen zur perioperativen Qualität der robotisch-assistierten radikalen Zystektomie einen günstigen Einfluss auf die Morbidität (und damit auch Mortalität) nahelegen, bleibt die Frage, inwieweit auch die onkologische Qualität des Eingriffs gemessen am rezidivfreien und Gesamtüberleben beeinflusst.

In diesem Kontext werden in dieser Arbeit nach einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche sowohl die Daten retrospektive Kohortenvergleiche zwischen offener und robotischer Zystektomie, Registerdaten zur robotischen Zystektomie sowie die Ergebnisse prospektiv randomisierter Studien dargestellt.

Zusammengefasst ist unter onkologischen Gesichtspunkten die robotische der offenen Zystektomie nicht unterlegen. Die Daten des Gesamtüberlebens, des karzinomspezifischen Überlebens und des progressionsfreien Überlebens unterscheiden sich weder in den retrospektiven Kohortestudien, im indirekten Vergleich von Registerdaten und/oder großer Serien noch in den bisherigen prospektiven Untersuchungen. Im Hinblick auf das Auftreten atypische Metastasen nach robotischer Zystektomie fehlen aktuell prospektive Daten, dies nicht das generelle onkologische Outcome zu beeinflussen.

Damit ist die robotisch-assistierte Zystektomie auch aus onkologischen Gesichtspunkten eine gute Option für Patienten, bei denen eine Indikation zur radikalen Zystektomie besteht.
Pflege als Impulsgeber?
Authors: Kasper Nico
Published: March 2022

Ursprünglich stammt der Begriff Strategie vom griechischen „Strategos“ ab, der Kunst der Heerführung. Damit ist die Planung und Organisation von Feldzügen sowie die Einbettung einzelner taktischer Schritte in einen längerfristigen Plan mit klarer Zielsetzung gemeint. Aufs Krankenhaus gemünzt bedeutet Strategie, die Zukunft des Hauses aktiv zu gestalten und nicht nur zu reagieren.
Zurück in die Vergangenheit?
Authors: Welzbacher Marcel
Published: March 2022

Ein Blick in unsere Gesundheitseinrichtungen reicht, um festzustellen, dass sich die Lage zum Thema Personalbemessung seit 1990 kaum weiterentwickelt hat. Ist die PPR 2.0 jetzt ein Schritt in die Vergangenheit?
Take-Home-Naloxon für geschulte Opioidabhängige - Erfahrungen zum Umgang mit Überdosierungsnotfällen
Authors: Wodarz von Essen Heike , Wolstein Jörg , Pogarell Oliver , Wodarz Norbert
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Opioidabhängige weisen im Vergleich zur
Normalbevölkerung eine erhöhte Mortalität auf, wobei die Überdosierung die häufigste
Todesursache darstellt.

Methode Im Rahmen des Bayerischen Take-Home Naloxon
Modellprojekts (BayTHN) erhielten Opioidabhängige eine manualisierte Drogennotfallschulung,
inkl. Take-Home-Naloxon (THN).

Ergebnisse Es konnten 537 Opioidabhängige geschult werden (⅓
Frauen, 39,9 ± 9,7 Jahre, Erstkonsum Opioide: 19,5 Jahren). 93 Drogennotfälle und damit der
Einsatz von 17% der ausgegebenen THN-Kits konnten bislang dokumentiert werden. 72% der
Drogennotfälle ereigneten sich im privaten Umfeld. 38% der opioidabhängigen Ersthelfenden
halfen bei mehr als einem Drogennotfall. In einem Drittel der Fälle konnten die Ersthelfenden
die weitere Überwachung übernehmen und ein Kliniktransport vermieden werden. Die
Schulungsinhalte wurden in der Notfallsituation als hilfreich erlebt. Förderlich für
zukünftige Ersthilfe waren die erhöhte Selbstwirksamkeit nach erfolgreichem Einsatz und
anerkennende Rückmeldungen durch die präklinischen Fachkräfte. Hinderlich waren einzelne
stigmatisierende Äußerungen und das Hinzuziehen der Polizei.

Schlussfolgerung Manualisierte Drogennotfallschulungen, inkl. THN
für Opioidabhängige, führten bei den dokumentierten Überdosierungen zu meist erfolgreicher
Ersthilfe. Die verbreiteten Vorbehalte gegen Naloxon sollten bei den Opioidabhängigen, aber
auch bei Angehörigen der Rettungsdienste berücksichtigt werden. Für eine erkennbare Senkung
der landesweiten Mortalität benötigt es jedoch eine breite Ausrollung.
Lost in paradise? The perception of security among immigrant communities in Switzerland and its correlates
Authors: Milani Riccardo , Molnar Lorena , Caneppele Stefano
Published: March 2022

Research addressing the perception of security of immigrants in Switzerland dates back to the 2000s. Using data from a victimisation survey conducted in Lugano, Switzerland (N = 7885), this study investigates the security perception of immigrant communities and its correlates. In contrast to previous findings, the analyses suggest that a higher percentage of immigrants perceive the city as highly safe than natives, this being more accentuated among extra-European immigrants and recently arrived migrants. At the neighbourhood level, results are less clear-cut. Collective efficacy, police proximity and the perceived ability of self-defence are the main predictors of high-security perceptions while having been a victim of violent crimes decreases the likelihood of perceiving both city and one's neighbourhood as safe. Despite positive results, the manuscript discusses the need for increasing the reliability and validity of the traditional measures used to question the fear of crime and the need for targeted interventions fostering cultural integration.
Design and integrated stroke sensing of a high-response piezoelectric direct-drive valve enhanced by push–pull compliant mechanisms
Authors: Deng Lisong , Ling Mingxiang
Published: March 2022

Enhancing the dynamic bandwidth of flow control valves based on piezoelectric actuators has attracted much attention in the field of precision fluid control. This paper reports a high-speed piezoelectric direct-drive flow control valve with an enhanced flow rate by introducing a new push–pull complementary compliant mechanism. An improved semi-rhombus compliant amplifying mechanism is designed to amplify the microstroke of piezo-stacks with an enhanced resonance frequency. To facilitate the design, the dynamic stiffness model of the compliant amplifying mechanism is derived and the structural parameters are optimized using the Pareto multi-objective optimization strategy. In addition, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based high-response displacement sensor with an improved differential charge amplifier circuit is developed and integrated into the valve to measure the spool displacement in real time. A proof-of-concept prototype is fabricated, and the flow characteristics are experimentally tested in a closed-loop control with the PVDF sensor. The flow rate and dynamic bandwidth of the presented piezo-valve are evidently enhanced, reaching the dynamic bandwidth in excess of 920 Hz (−3 dB) and the flow rate of ±6 l/min (corresponding stroke is 0.2 mm) under the supply pressure of 70 bars.