bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where are you hiding the pangolins? screening tools to detect illicit contraband at international borders and their adaptability for illegal wildlife trafficking
Authors: Moloney Georgia Kate , Chaber Anne-Lise
Published: April 2024

The illegal movement of wildlife poses a public health, conservation and biosecurity threat, however there are currently minimal screening tools available at international ports of entry to intercept wildlife trafficking efforts. This review first aimed to explore the screening tools available or under development for the detection of concealed wildlife contraband at international ports, including postal services, airlines, road border crossings and maritime routes. Where evidence was deficient, publications detailing the use of methods to uncover other illicit substances, such as narcotics, weapons, human trafficking, explosives, radioactive materials, or special nuclear material, were compiled and assessed for their applicability to the detection of wildlife. The first search identified only four citations related to the detection of wildlife, however the secondary search revealed 145 publications, including 59 journal articles and 86 conference proceedings, describing screening tools for non-wildlife illicit contraband detection. The screening tools uncovered were analysed for potential fitness for purpose for wildlife contraband detection, to evaluate the feasibility of their implementation and their ease of use. The deficiencies evident in terms of resource availability and research efforts targeting wildlife trafficking highlights a potentially substantial national and international security threat which must be addressed.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy versus Non-Invasive Ventilation in patients at very high risk for extubating failure: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Al Nufaiei Ziyad F. , Al Zhranei Raid M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Mechanical ventilation is commonly used for managing respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but weaning patients off ventilator support can be challenging and associated with complications. While many patients respond well to Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), a significant proportion may not respond as favourably. We aimed to assess whether high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is equally effective as NIV in reducing extubation failure among previously intubated COPD patients.

Methods

This systematic review was carried out in line with PRISMA guidelines We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library from inception until February 15, 2023. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) of adults at high risk for extubating failure were included. We examined the use of HFNC as the intervention and NIV as the comparator. Our outcome of interest included, reintubation rate, length of hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) stay, adverse events, and time to reintubation. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for randomized trials to assess risk of bias.

Results

We identified 348 citations, 11 of which were included, representing 2,666 patients. The trials indicate that HFNC is comparable to NIV in preventing reintubation after extubating in COPD patients. In comparison to NIV, HFNC also produced improved tolerance, comfort, and less complications such as airway care interventions. NIV with active humification may be more effective that HFNC in avoiding reintubation in patients who are at extremely high risk for extubating failure.

Conclusion

The inconclusive nature of emerging evidence highlights the need for additional studies to establish the efficacy and suitability of HFNC as an alternative to NIV for previously intubated COPD patients. Clinicians should consider the available options and individualize their approach based on patient characteristics. Future research should focus on addressing these gaps in knowledge to guide clinical decision-making and optimize outcomes for this patient population.
Decreased odds of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation with higher education, depending on sex and employment status
Authors: Tassone Vanessa K. , Duffy Sophie F. , Dunnett Sarah , Boparai Josheil K. , Zuluaga Cuartas Valentina , Jung Hyejung , Wu Michelle , Goel Navya , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat
Published: April 2024

Background

Higher education is associated with reduced depressive symptoms and requires investment without guaranteed employment. It remains unclear how sex and employment status together contribute to the association between mental health and educational attainment. This study investigated the role of sex and employment status together in the associations of 1) depressive symptoms and 2) suicidal ideation with education.

Methods

Using 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, cross-sectional analyses were conducted on individuals ≥20 years who completed the depression questionnaire and reported their employment status and highest level of education. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore how depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are associated with educational attainment in an analysis stratified by sex and employment status. To account for multiple testing, a significance level ofa< 0.01 was used.

Results

Participants (n= 23,669) had a weighted mean age of 43.25 (SD= 13.97) years and 47% were female. Employed females (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.32, 0.69), unemployed females (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.29, 0.75), and unemployed males (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.17, 0.56) with college education had reduced odds of depressive symptoms compared to those with high school education. Employed females with college education also had reduced suicidal ideation odds compared to those with high school education (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.22, 0.76).

Conclusions

Females demonstrated significant associations between depressive symptoms and education, regardless of employment status, whereas males demonstrated an association only if unemployed. Employed females, in particular, demonstrated a significant association between suicidal ideation and education. These findings may inform future research investigating the underlying mechanisms and etiology of these sex-employment status differences in the association between mental health and education.
Association between hemoglobin trajectories and the incidence of dementia in a cohort of females aged 55–79 years
Authors: Lee Dong Yoon , Jeong Jihyeon , Choi Won-Il
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To assess the association between pattern changes in hemoglobin levels over time and the incidence of dementia using trajectories in females aged 55–79 years.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using females of aged 55–79 years from the National Health Insurance Service National Health Screening Cohort in Korea. To identify hemoglobin trajectories over eight years (2002–2009), we performed a three-step approach comprising measures of change, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between hemoglobin trajectories and the incidence of dementia.

Results

We included 20,195 of 235,742 female participants. New dementia (N = 2664) was developed during follow-up period (2010–2015). Five hemoglobin trajectories were identified: high, mid, low, increasing, and decreasing. With high as a reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for low and decreasing trajectories were significant, 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.45) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10–1.34) in univariate models, respectively. However, only the HR for the decreasing trajectory was significant, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01–1.24) after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusion

The decreasing trajectory of hemoglobin levels within the normal range was associated with dementia. Even females aged 55–79 years without anemia might be vulnerable to dementia development risk.
Stochastic attractor models of visual working memory
Authors: Penny W.
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates models of working memory in which memory traces evolve according to stochastic attractor dynamics. These models have previously been shown to account for response-biases that are manifest across multiple trials of a visual working memory task. Here we adapt this approach by making the stable fixed points correspond to the multiple items to be remembered within a single-trial, in accordance with standard dynamical perspectives of memory, and find evidence that this multi-item model can provide a better account of behavioural data from continuous-report tasks. Additionally, the multi-item model proposes a simple mechanism by which swap-errors arise: memory traces diffuse away from their initial state and are captured by the attractors of other items. Swap-error curves reveal the evolution of this process as a continuous function of time throughout the maintenance interval and can be inferred from experimental data. Consistent with previous findings, we find that empirical memory performance is not well characterised by a purely-diffusive process but rather by a stochastic process that also embodies error-correcting dynamics.
Predictors of delayed initiation of breast milk and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia: A multi-level mixed-effect analysis
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Tilahun Menen , Tadesse Hana , Seid Abdu , Yigremachew Tariku , Birhanu Anteneh Messele , Girma Desalegn
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite the well-established benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months to promote optimal neonatal and child health, evidence indicates that in Ethiopia, a significant number of newborns initiate breastfeeding late, do not adhere to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the recommended duration, and instead are fed with bottles.

Objective

To determine the proportion of delayed initiation of breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, and its individual and community-level predictors among mothers in Ethiopia.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was done using the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey data. We examined a weighted sample of 2,012 children born within the past 24 months and 623 children aged 0–5 months at the time of the survey. The data analysis was done using STATA version 15. To understand the variation in delayed initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, statistical measures such as the Intraclass correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, and proportional change in variance were calculated. We employed a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model to identify predictors for each outcome variable. Statistical significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05.

Results

The proportion of delayed initiation of breast milk and exclusive breastfeeding were 24.56 and 84.5%, respectively. Women aged 34–49 years old (AOR = 0.33: 95% CI; 0.15–0.72), having a television in the house (AOR = 0.74: 95%CI; 0.33–0.97), delivered by cesarean section (AOR = 3.83: 95% CI; 1.57–9.32), and resided in the Afar regional state (AOR = 1.43: 95%CI; 1.03–12.7) were significantly associated with delayed initiation of breast milk. On the other hand, attended primary education (AOR = 0.67: 95%CI; 0.35–0.99), secondary education (AOR = 0.34: 95%CI; 0.19–0.53), women whose household headed by male (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI; 0.34–0.97), and rural residents (AOR = 1.98: 95%CI; 1.09–3.43) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.

Conclusion

Health promotion efforts that encourage timely initation of breast milk and promote EBF, focused on young mothers, those who gave birth through cesarean section, and those residing in urban and the Afar regional state. Furthermore, government health policymakers and relevant stakeholders should consider these identified predictors when revising existing strategies or formulating new policies.
The effectiveness of the buddy program training module to enhance the daily living function, social participation and emotional status of older adults in residential aged care homes
Authors: Asmuri Siti Noraini , Kadar Masne , Razaob Nor Afifi , Chui Chai Siaw , Mohd Rasdi Hanif Farhan
Published: April 2024

Background

The Compeer Model, which was originally designed to match individuals recovering from mental illness with volunteers from their community, served as the basis for the development of the buddy program. However, limited research was available related to the buddy program among older adults in a Malaysian context.

Aim

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the buddy program training module to enhance the daily living function, social participation and emotional status of older adults in residential aged care homes.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 30 pairs of buddies and older adults for both the experimental group and control group in two randomly selected residential aged care homes. The buddies in the experimental group received the buddy program training module related to activities of daily living (basic and instrumental) while the buddy-older adults pairs in the control group continued to perform their usual daily life activities in residential aged care homes. Baselines were performed before intervention and at eight weeks post-intervention.

Results

Over the eight weeks, for the older adults in the experimental group, there was a significant main effect of time after the intervention on BADL (p = 0.010). There were no significant interaction effects for the experiment group and control group on IADL and social participation. Also, there were no significant interaction effects for all domains in emotional status: depression, anxiety and stress. For buddies, there was a significant interaction effect for depression (p = 0.045) in the control group.

Conclusions

The buddy program training module can be used as a guideline for older adults with more significant disabilities in residential aged care homes in managing activities of daily living. Future studies could be implemented to explore the intergenerational buddy program among older adults and young children in the community.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic capacity in Canadian Provinces and territories
Authors: Popova Svetlana , Dozet Danijela , Temple Valerie , McFarlane Audrey , Cook Jocelynn , Burd Larry
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the diagnostic capacity for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in multidisciplinary clinics across several provincial and one territorial jurisdictions of Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Northwest Territories. The data were collected directly from clinics capable of providing diagnoses of FASD and examined annual capacity for the assessment and diagnosis of FASD per year from 2015 to 2019. In total, 58 FASD diagnostic clinics were identified and 33 clinics participated in this survey. The study identified inadequate FASD diagnostic capacity in all participating jurisdictions. Based on the findings and the current population sizes, it is estimated that 98% of individuals with FASD are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in Canada. Wait times for FASD diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 4.5 years across participating jurisdictions. The annual FASD diagnostic capacity in the select provinces and territories require at least a 67-fold increase per year.
Enhancement of neural crest formation by mechanical force in Xenopus development
Authors: Kaneshima Toki , Ogawa Masaki , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Tsuboyama Yosuke , Miyata Yuki , Kotani Takahiro , Okajima Takaharu , Michiue Tatsuo
Published: April 2024

In vertebrate development, ectoderm is specified into neural plate (NP), neural plate border (NPB), and epidermis. Although such patterning is thought to be achieved by molecular concentration gradients, it has been revealed, mainly by in vitro analysis, that mechanical force can regulate cell specification. During in vivo patterning, cells deform and migrate, and this applies force to surrounding tissues, shaping the embryo. However, the role of mechanical force for cell specification in vivo is largely unknown. In this study, with an aspiration assay and atomic force microscopy, we have demonstrated that tension on ectodermal cells decreases laterally from the midline in Xenopus early neurula. Ectopically applied force laterally expanded the neural crest (NC) region, a derivative of the NPB, whereas force relaxation suppressed it. Furthermore, force application activated both the FGF and Wnt pathways, which are required for NC formation during neuroectodermal patterning. Taken together, mechanical force is necessary for NC formation in order to regulate signaling pathways. Furthermore, molecular signals specify the NP and generate force on neighboring tissue, the NPB, with its closure. This force activates signals, possibly determining the appropriate width of a narrow tissue, the NC.
Eunuchs and the Practice of Power in the Early Songhay Empire
Authors: Montpetit Mathilde
Published: April 2024

Eunuchs were central to court life in many parts of precolonial West Africa, nowhere more than the Songhay Empire. This article argues that eunuchs were institutionalized there by the askia Muḥammad I in the late 1490s as part of his broader project of Islamic legitimation. Eunuchs, who served many practical functions, were also symbols of imperial splendor, placing the Songhay court on the same footing as its peers elsewhere in the Dār al-Islām. Once implanted in Songhay, the eunuch institution would develop a life of its own, culminating in the empire's legendary 4,000-strong eunuch cavalry in the 1580s. Yet until now, the traditional chronicle sources of imperial West African history—the Tārīkh al-Sūdān and the Tārīkh al-fattāsh—have not been read for what they can tell us about this understudied institution, one that significantly affected the construction of gender and authority in the region.
Antiwitchcraft Movements in Colonial Asante
Authors: Manu-Osafo Manuel J. , Amoah-Boampong Cyrelene
Published: April 2024

Silences exist in the British colonial archives and the secondary literature on Asante's resistance to colonial rule. The Yaa Asantewaa War (1900–1) is cited as the main instance of resistance. This study challenges these assumptions by arguing that Asante resistance was apparent in the arena of Asante religious belief and practice, and particularly rooted in antiwitchcraft movements. These movements materialized not in periods of extreme violence and sociopolitical decay, but in the environments between socioeconomic chaos and stability. Such periods were usually characterized by pronounced social, political, and economic changes and transitions. The study concludes by situating the history of these antiwitchcraft movements in Ghana's broad historical trends in religiosity and belief using a qualitative research methodology based on archival records, interviews, secondary literature, and multimedia from YouTube.
Unstitching the Past: An Experimental and Microwear Investigation of Dorset (Paleo-Inuit) Needles from the Foxe Basin Region
Authors: Siebrecht Matilda , Van Gijn Annelou , Lofthouse Susan , Cencig Elsa , Kotar Kathryn
Published: April 2024

For Paleo-Inuit cultures, needles are arguably one of the most important artefact types, as they were used to create warm, waterproof clothing that is essential for survival in Arctic environments. This, in combination with the prevalence of needles within archaeological collections, has prompted many researchers to the topic of Paleo-Inuit needles. However, the majority of their studies have approached the material using traditional, typological methodology. A pilot study conducted by Siebrecht et al. (2021) demonstrated that, while needles from several Dorset Paleo-Inuit culture (c. 800 – 1300 AD) sites in the Foxe Basin region were previously considered as typologically identical, microwear analysis highlighted variation in how they would have been made and used over time and across sites. The pilot study also noted variation, across sites, in certain typological attributes, such as needle eye shape, distal end shape, and cross-section shape. The present study aims to expand on these discoveries by considering possible reasons for variability in the attribute of needle cross-section shape. Methodologically, we use microwear analysis, experimental archaeology, and ethnographic collaboration. With this approach, we were able to explore Dorset needle making and sewing practices in more detail than has been possible in prvevious, purely typology-focused studies. Our results showed no observable pattern between cross-section shape and the material being sewn but may reveal links between needle size and the material being sewn, a correlation in different polish types and the duration of needle use, as well as insights into the possible sewing techniques used by Dorset groups. Our study thus offers a fresh perspective on this topic and points to new directions for this area of Arctic archaeological research.
VALIDAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS PRODUTIVOS NA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA: BREVE HISTÓRICO E ASPECTOS ATUAIS
Authors: Boff Vinícius André , Bazzo Giovana Carolina
Published: April 2024

A validação de processos produtivos na indústria farmacêutica é parte de um conjunto de normas e ferramentas utilizadas para assegurar a qualidade dos medicamentos, sendo parte integrante das Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Esse trabalho visa contextualizar o histórico e os conceitos envolvidos na validação de processos produtivos no Brasil, desde a criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), com destaque para as regulamentações atuais. Foram avaliadas as Resoluções da Anvisa publicadas a respeito do tema, desde 2001, guias do International Council of Harmonization (ICH) e outras referências relacionadas ao assunto disponíveis nas bases PubMed e Scielo. Por meio da análise realizada, percebeu-se que o nível de complexidade envolvida no processo de validação de processos produtivos aumentou, pois a primeira Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 134/2001 abordava a validação de processos nos modos concorrentes e prospectivos, relacionadas aos processos e produtos, e também o formato retrospectivo, baseado nos dados históricos do produto. Com as atualizações (RDC nº 210/2003, RDC nº 17/2010, RDC nº 301/2019 e RDC nº 658/2022), o uso de ferramentas de gestão de qualidade foi aprimorado, sendo abordada, em sua última atualização, a verificação contínua dos processos, por meio de ferramentas analíticas e estatísticas. Dessa forma, é preciso manter o aprimoramento constante tanto dos processos produtivos e sua regulamentação quanto da pesquisa e disseminação do conhecimento envolvido na fabricação de medicamentos.
IMPACTO DA FARMÁCIA CLÍNICA COMO TEMÁTICA NA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA BRASILEIRA: UMA RETROSPECTIVA DOS ANOS DE 2001 A 2021
Authors: Schuring Luenil Zairone de Freitas , Da Silva Marciana Alves , Brito Rafaela de Sousa , Estevão Vinícius Araújo , De Lima Renan Pereira , De Melo Karina Moura , Nunes Paulo Iury Gomes
Published: April 2024

A Farmácia Clínica (FC) abrange as práticas farmacêuticas voltadas para a otimização da farmacoterapia, buscando melhores resultados clínicos, minimizando os riscos e custos envolvidos em sua utilização, além de estimular a prática do uso racional de medicamentos. Assim, este trabalhoteve como finalidade avaliar a influência e evolução nacional dos estudos acadêmicos sobre FC, traçando o cenário nacional sobre o tema entre os anos de 2001 e 2021, utilizando como ferramentas de busca e coleta de dados o Portal Brasileiro de Publicações Científicas em Acesso Aberto (Ibict--Oasisbr) e a Plataforma Lattes gerenciada pelo Conselho Nacional de  Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Ao todo, 117 produções acadêmicas foram encontradas tendo como assunto de suas investigações a FC e tais produções dividiram-se entre 38 instituições distribuídas por todoo território nacional. A Região Sul foi responsável por 28,20% das produções no período analisado, sendo seguida pelas Regiões Sudeste com 26,50%, Nordeste com 18,8%, Centro-Oeste com 8,55% e Norte com 5,98%, fato condizente com o atual cenário de distribuição de pesquisadores e grupos depesquisa no país e com a histórica diferença socioeconômica entre as diferentes regiões do Brasil. Diante do exposto, foi possível concluir que a temática FC vem sendo trabalhada à margem de outros temas norteadores de pesquisa na área da saúde, como a Atenção Farmacêutica, a Assistência Farmacêutica e a Farmácia Hospitalar. Além disso, foi observada uma desigualdade quanto ao número de estudos realizados nas diferentes regiões do país, sendo necessárias investigações posteriores e de maior abrangência para o melhor entendimento e caracterização desses achados.
Reflexiones, preguntas y sentires sobre la construcción y el ejercicio de pedagogías para la transformación
Authors: Nieto gómez Yuly andrea
Published: April 2024

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre cómo la epistemología feminista puede convertirse en la base de un currículo en lengua extranjera, que desafíe la subordinación y reconozca la potencia del lenguaje encarnado como punto de partida para la apertura crítica y la acción transformadora colectiva, a partir de la teorización de mi propia experiencia como docente feminista. Desde dos títulos principales: 1. La lengua como un lugar de lucha: Un currículo con empatía crítica para desafiar la subordinación y 2. ¿Conocimiento feminista como tecnología? Indagando, tejiendo e imaginando mundos posibles desde el aula de clase, abordo cómo una perspectiva de investigación feminista puede propiciar una mirada crítica y creativa de la realidad material, al invitar a lxs estudiantes y docentes a descifrar, reflexionar y tomar responsabilidad por la dimensión concreta del conocimiento que están construyendo; preguntándose cómo se produce, en qué condiciones, para quién y cuáles son los cuerpos atravesados; sintiéndose y reconociéndose dentro de esta crítica a estas representaciones o matrices de opresión atrapadas y custodiadas dentro de nuestras realidades diarias. En esta reflexión, me permito invitarnos como docentes a promover una enseñanza situada y crítica, donde nos sintamos con la autonomía para imaginar materiales de clase que interpelen y desequilibren estas estructuras académicas androcéntricas y esencialistas de género, raza, clase, nacionalidad. Así, el currículo mismo estaría generando un sentido de responsabilidad colectiva que permita reclamar significados fuera de una visión dominante.
English Teachers’ Storied Resistance and Agency vis-a-vis Neoliberal Agendas in Supranational Educational Policies in Colombia: A Narrative Study
Authors: Gómez Gaitán Sandra Viviana , Forero Mondragón. Alber Josué , Largo Rodríguez José David
Published: April 2024

This article reports a narrative study on the reflexive and transformative perspectives that two English language teachers take on when they story themselves as ELT professionals.. The study adopts a narrative methodology where teachers reconstruct their meaningful professional experiences regarding the foregoing policies. In this sense, participants orally make meaning of themselves as English language professionals by reflecting on their past (retrospection), present (introspection), and future (prospection). Data was collected throughout semi-structured interviews and analyzed under a narratives framework. Findings revealed that teachers’ postgraduate education becomes a community of practice for them to problematize their past experiences with supranational language policies. Thus, such problematization allows them to exert agency through classroom micro-practices that lead them to resist oppressive education language policies. Furthermore, these micro-practices found teachers’ imagined futures and shape their identities as agents of change.
Correlation between Axial Length and The Occurrence of Refractive Errors
Authors: Ryan Kevin Arfa , Maharani Maharani , Saubig Arnila Novitasari , Prihatningtias Riski
Published: April 2024

Background: Refractive errors result in difficulty in focusing on an object clearly, leading to blurred vision. A recent study by the WHO has reported that refractive errors have become the leading cause of visual impairment. The development of refractive errors has been a significant concern over the last two decades due to its high prevalence worldwide. One possible condition that may occur in individuals with refractive errors is a change in axial length. Axial length is defined as a measurement from the corneal surface to the retinal surface. Aims: To analyze the correlation between axial length and the occurrence of refractive errors in myopia and hypermetropia patients at the Ophthalmology Department of Diponegoro National Hospital. Methods: This observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 36 eyes from 18 patients; each suffering from myopia and hypermetropia at the Ophthalmology Department of Diponegoro National Hospital. Patients provided informed consent, and then the axial length was measured using ultrasound biometry. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis and Spearman correlation bivariate analysis. Results: The results of the Spearman statistical test showed a significant correlation between the axial length and the occurrence of myopia (p=0.003) with a moderate correlation strength and the occurrence of hypermetropia (p=0.000001) with a strong correlation strength. Conclusion: The axial length has a significant correlation with the occurrence of refractive errors, especially in myopia and hypermetropia patients.
Association Between Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Ferritin with Hepatic Function in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Safitri Titis Yoga , Setiawan L I Edward Kurnia , Arkhaesi Nahwa , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci
Published: April 2024

Background: Thalassemia major is associated with ferritin levels and SII values with impaired liver function. Furthermore, the measurement of impaired liver function is carried out using Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels. Increased SGPT and SGOT levels are indicators of liver necrosis. Objective: This study aimed to prove the association between SII and ferritin with SGPT and SGOT levels in thalassemia major patients. Methods: An observational analysis with a cross-sectional approach was adopted to analyze the medical records of pediatric patients at the Kasuari Clinic of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang from September to October 2023. SII value and ferritin level were the independent variables, while SGOT and SGPT were dependent. Data were collected and analyzed univariately for characteristic description and bivariately using the Spearman test. Results: The median SII value, ferritin level, SGPT level, and SGOT level in thalassemia major patients were 451.73/L, 2097.30 ng/mL, 20.00 U/L, and 40.00 U/L. The results showed there was a moderately significant association between SII values and SGOT levels (p=0.010, r=-0.457) as well as ferritin and SGPT (p=007, r=0.475). There was no significant association between SII values and SGPT levels, as shown by a p-value of 0.122. Similarly, there was no association between ferritin and SGOT levels (p=0.088). Conclusion: A moderately significant association was found between SII values and SGOT levels, as well as ferritin levels and SGPT levels in thalassemia major patients.
A hybrid detection algorithm for 5G OTFS waveform for 64 and 256 QAM with Rayleigh and Rician channels
Authors: Kumar Arun , Alshahrani Haya Mesfer , Alotaibi Faiz , Nanthaamornphong Aziz
Published: April 2024

Signal detection in orthogonal time frequency space modulation is one of the critical aspects for enhancing the throughput of the beyond fifth-generation framework, especially in challenging environments characterized by high mobility and multipath propagation. In this work, we proposed a hybrid detection algorithm by combining zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) and minimum square error equalization (MMSE), also known as ZFE–MMSE, with Rician and Rayleigh channels for 64 and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation. The combination of ZFE and MMSE allows for a more comprehensive approach to equalization. ZFE addresses channel-induced distortions, while MMSE tackles the impact of noise. Together, they enhance the overall performance of the equalization process, resulting in improved signal detection accuracy. The analysis and comparison of the simulation parameters with traditional detection systems include bit error rate, power spectral density (PSD), and complexity. The projected algorithms achieve a signal-to-noise ratio and a PSD gain of 2 dB and −800, respectively, outperforming the traditional detection techniques.
Mobile applications in developing phonetic competence of the Chinese language
Authors: Asadchykh Oksana , Sorokina Nataliia , Pereloma Tetiana , Popova Oleksandra , Konotopets Vladyslava
Published: April 2024

This work examines the relevance and practical value of using mobile applications to develop phonetic competence in the Chinese language among future philologists–sinologists. The study aims to analyse the advantages of mobile applications for both classroom and autonomous learning, focussing on their structure and functions. The research methods employed include theoretical substantiation and the characterization of Standard Mandarin and HelloChinese mobile applications. This study asserts that incorporating these mobile applications enhances the assimilation of practical material and increases students’ motivation to master Chinese phonetics. Furthermore, the researchers have developed a set of exercises that utilize these mobile applications, aiming to improve students’ phonetic competence in the Chinese language, whether in a foreign language classroom or during autonomous learning. Results of the research are based on a quantitative investigation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of mobile applications at all stages of future philologists–sinologists’ language practice. Additionally, the use of mobile applications assists in monitoring students’ performance through intermediate assessments. The research findings further confirm the high efficiency of mobile applications in developing phonetic competence, particularly in the context of distance learning.
A Global Comparative Constitutional Analysis of Natural Resources Protection
Authors: Ruppel Oliver C. , Murray Ruda
Published: April 2024

Natural resources are the foundation for all life on earth, which all living creatures depend on to exist. Thus, it is subject to many sorts of laws and policies. Globally, constitutions follow different approaches to dealing with their respective country’s natural resources, which are rooted in the diverging cultures, political, economic, and legal systems, as well as in the distinct historical developments of the diverse constitutional orders. Accordingly, the present contribution discusses the prominent similarities between the inclusion of provisions relating to ownership, exploitation and exploration, and the use of natural resources, be they renewable or non-renewable, but also notes the different perspectives adopted and methods of protection applied in the analysed countries’ constitutions. The countries discussed in this paper are South Africa and Chad; Brazil, Cuba, and Bolivia; India and Iran; Germany; and Australia. This paper begins by, firstly, defining ‘natural resources’ and delineating its overlapping concepts. Secondly, the framework for comparison of the analysed countries is set out. Thirdly, the countries selected are separately discussed. Lastly, the comparative analysis is presented with a few concluding observations.
Exploring the professional role identities of English for academic purposes practitioners: a qualitative study
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Karimpour Sedigheh , Nazari Mostafa
Published: April 2024

While English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has developed theoretically and empirically over the past decades, there are few documented studies on EAP practitioners’ identities. Our study examined 12 Iranian EAP practitioners’ role identities (as one type of identity) in light of the conceptualization of English for specific purposes (ESP) practitioner roles. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study revealed the role of various contextual factors shaping the practitioners’ role identities as being EAP practitioner agents of transformative education, being a course designer and the quest for needs analysis, being a materials provider and managing the oscillations, being a collaborator and the lack of collegiate connection, being a researcher and dispositional variations, and finally being an evaluator and dynamic assessors. The study provides implications regarding how policy and planning shape practitioners’ role identities and suggests future lines of inquiry to build the associated scholarship.
Synthesis and crystal structure of methyl 2-{[4-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl]thio} acetate, C18H17N3O2S
Authors: Xian-Zhu Yuan , Ding-Wa Zhang , Xiu-Guang Yi , Hui-Lei Zeng , Zhi-Qiang Yi
Published: April 2024

C18H17N3O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9713(5) Å, b = 15.4445(8) Å, c = 9.8221(4) Å, β = 98.275(4)°, V = 1646.99(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0401, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0990, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of NdB6O8(OH)5·H3BO3
Authors: Teichtmeister Tobias A. , Bernhart Alexander Hugo , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2024

NdB6O8(OH)5·H3BO3, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.8304(7) Å, b = 7.2004(5) Å, c = 12.707(2) Å, α = 95.479(5)°, β = 98.652(6)°, γ = 101.758(5)°, V = 599.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0378, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0826, T = 289(1) K.
Elucidating the interaction of FCC catalyst components: the discrete roles of matrix and binder on zeolite structure
Authors: Etim Ubong J. , Bai Peng , Subhan Fazle , Yan Zifeng
Published: April 2024

Zeolite Y is the active phase of the modern fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. However, a functional and active FCC catalyst comprises, in addition to zeolite Y, matrices and a binder that introduce some levels of synergistic interaction between the catalyst components, impacting its activity. This study investigates the interactive properties of a zeolite-matrix-binder composite on a typical FCC catalyst using various characterization techniques. Characterization of synthesized FCC catalyst samples reveals changes in the structural composition of zeolite Y dependent upon the type and ratio of binder materials. The binder is important in the crystallization of the final composite. Acidic binder induces dealumination of zeolite, leading to amorphization, loss of Brønsted acid sites, framework structure impairment, and the formation of defective sites. TEM indicates the formation of zeolite-matrix interfaces upon binding of zeolite by the matrix. Depending on the extent and severity of thermal processing, the clay–alumina–silica binder undergoes dehydroxylation to varying degrees by cross-linking of terminal hydroxyl groups between neighboring binder particles, which contributes to the increased thermal and mechanical stability of the bound catalysts.
Ergänzende Kapitaldeckung der Altersvorsorge: Gründe, Gestaltungsoptionen und Auswirkungen
Authors: Nöh Lukas , Schaffranka Claudia , Werding Martin
Published: April 2024

Der demografische Alterungsprozess setzt das Umlagesystem der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung unter Druck. Doch die Riester-Renten als Instrument der privaten Altersvorsorge stecken 20 Jahre nach ihrer Einführung in einer Sackgasse. Die Erfahrungen mit ihnen zeigen, dass die ergänzende kapitalgedeckte Vorsorge insgesamt verbindlicher, transparenter und renditeträchtiger werden muss als bisher. Nach internationalen Vorbildern eignen sich dafür Anlagen in stark aktienbasierten Fonds mit breiter Diversifizierung. Alle Erwerbstätigen sollten automatisch einbezogen werden, dem jedoch widersprechen können (Opt-out). Ein öffentlich verwalteter Fonds als Default-Option, der in Konkurrenz mit privaten Anbietern steht, könnte einen Beitrag zur Senkung der Transaktionskosten leisten. Verschiedene Simulationen zeigen, dass mit einer solchen ergänzenden Vorsorge durchgängig kombinierte Sicherungsniveaus von mehr als 48 Prozent erzielt werden.
When ‘still’ means ‘not yet’
Authors: Persohn Bastian
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I discuss the employment of expressions meaning ‘still’ to signal the negative counterpart of ‘still’, ‘not yet’, without an overt negator. I show that this phenomenon is found in languages from across the globe and that it surfaces in four recurrent types of environments, namely when a ‘still’ expression is used (i) without an overt predicate, (ii) with a less-than-finite and/or dependent predicate, (iii) with a predicate belonging to a specific actional class, or (iv) when the expression occupies a determined position in the clause. I lay out how each of these types finds a functional explanation and I also discuss some patterns of employment that build on these ‘still’-as-‘not yet’ uses.
Unveiling the link: Helicobacter pylori infection and impact on ischemia modified albumin, thiol, and disulfide levels
Authors: Yüksel Mahmut , Erdoğan Çağdaş , Köseoğlu Hasan T. , Neselioglu Salim , Kenarlı Kerem , Akbay Ahmet , Göktaş Meryem D. , Kalkan Çağdaş , Hamamcı Mevlüt , Dölek Mustafa M. , Çağır Yavuz , Erel Özcan
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The objective of this research was to explore the link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and alterations in ischemia modified albumin (IMA), thiol, and disulfide levels, with a focus on their potential clinical implications.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study, enrolling 153 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between March and July 2023. Biopsies were obtained from the stomach antrum to diagnose H. pylori. Biochemical parameters, including IMA, thiol, and disulfide, were measured in fasting blood samples. A statistical analysis, including receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers.

Results

In this study, a total of 153 patients were included, of whom 99 tested positive for H. pylori and 54 tested negative. The H. pylori-positive group exhibited significantly higher levels of disulfide, disulfide/native thiol ratio, disulfide/total thiol ratio, and IMA compared to the H. pylori-negative group (p≤0.05 for all parameters). In contrast, the native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower in the H. pylori-positive group (p≤0.05).

Conclusions

Our study’s findings of elevated disulfide levels in H. pylori-positive individuals suggest a potential disruption in redox balance associated with H. pylori infection. This study contributes to the understanding of H. pylori’s systemic effects on biochemical markers, offering insights into their diagnostic utility.
Artificial Indents as the Root Cause of Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage: Effect of Plastic Properties
Authors: Kadin Yuri , Yan Pei , Airas Prol Diana , Geerts Stefan
Published: April 2024

Surface-initiated rolling contact fatigue (RCF) can be triggered by dents formed due to contamination particles on raceways. To mimic this failure in this study, the surface of a steel was indented and tested in an RCF setup. This experimental technique is used to study the RCF performance of different bearing steels in contaminated conditions. The experimental results were interpreted by finite element simulations to account for the cyclic plasticity behavior. A correlation was found between the RCF results and the rate of the indent shoulder height reduction, which is itself related to the Bauschinger effect. A screening test based on cyclic Vickers indentation is proposed to rank steels in terms of their ability to reduce shoulders.
Development of New Process and Product Monitoring Technologies for the Manufacturing of High Value Alloy Steels for Use in Critical Applications
Authors: Moncaster William , Goodwin Tim , Li Zushu , Williams Mark A. , Griffiths Gareth C. L. , Kelly Robert , Cutts Matthew , Kitson Paul , Jackson James , Waistnidge Jonathon , Wilson Paul , Ladley Christopher , Houcher Matthew , Chambers Jonathan , Farey Steven
Published: April 2024

During the mid-1700s, Benjamin Huntsman developed the crucible steelmaking process to improve the performance of steels used for making clock springs. This can be considered the beginning of the development of clean steels, which have certain requirements regarding inclusion chemistry and content arising from the potentially deleterious impacts that inclusions can have on steel properties. Today, steelmakers continue to produce clean steels for applications such as aerospace and bearings using tight control of existing process parameters, as environmental and economic drivers have pushed performance requirements. The current project introduced new methods of linking process parameters and product quality at the program sponsor, Liberty Speciality Steels, in three areas: (1) Quantification of the inclusion flotation process has traditionally relied heavily on the operator's experience, and so a great effort has been expended on monitoring ladle bubbling, with an aim to quantify bubbling so that it can be even more closely and consistently controlled. (2) Many methods of inclusion assessment have been established by producers and international bodies, all with their own benefits and limitations. However, emerging technologies, such as x-ray computed tomography, might offer more information than current techniques. (3) Although the common practice of procedural slag chemistry control has historically been used to great effect, analysis of through-process slag chemistry using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy would allow slag mixes to achieve the best chemistry and slag additions to respond to actual slag chemistry in the ladle. Ultimately, the project aim is to assess the viability of applying these technologies to a speciality steelmaking process with the hope of allowing further process developments to improve final product properties.
Crack Behavior around a Nonmetallic Inclusion under Hydrogen Precharged Rolling Contact Fatigue
Authors: Wada Yoshitaka , Ishibashi Izumi , Manabe Ryota , Fujimatsu Takeshi
Published: April 2024

Wind power generation is a technology that contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and that is expanding on a global scale. Recent reports have indicated that premature failure accompanied by white etching microstructural changes occurs in bearings used in the gearboxes of wind power turbines, thus necessitating a deep understanding of fatigue behavior and the implementation of countermeasures based on this understanding. This type of flaking is considered to be related to hydrogen behavior in steel that results in a unique rolling contact fatigue (RCF) process. As fatigue progresses, a needle-like microscopic fatigue structure, confirmed by nital etching, is likely to appear in the highly stressed region of the matrix of quenched and tempered high-carbon chromium-bearing steels. Flaking is thought to occur via the formation of microcracks, the connection of those cracks, and white microstructural changes around the cracks. However, the fatigue behavior around nonmetallic inclusions in the presence of hydrogen has not yet been elucidated. We conducted a unique experiment to clarify the role of nonmetallic inclusions. An RCF test was conducted after hydrogen precharging using specimens with artificial inclusions. In this experiment, spherical oxide particles of known chemical compositions and sizes were used to simulate nonmetallic inclusions, making it possible to easily observe crack behavior around inclusions under RCF. Here, we report new findings on fatigue crack behavior around inclusions under hydrogen precharged conditions and the relationship between steel cleanliness and bearing lifetime under these conditions.