bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Sakacin P Interaction by Molecular Docking Method
Authors: Ünlü Nihan , Özgen Arzu
Published: April 2024

Aim: Group IIA bacteriocins, which contain unmodified amino acids and have antimicrobial activity, are a very broad group. Sakacins in this group are bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sakei. The most well-known sakacins are Sakacin A, G, K, P, and Q. In particular, Sakacin A and P are well characterized. This study aims to examine the interaction between a single monomer of PVA polymer and Sakacin P bacteriocin.
Method: In t this study, the interaction of a single monomer of PVA polymer, which is among the water-soluble, biocompatible synthetic polymers, and Sakacin P bacteriocin, which has a protein structure, was investigated by molecular docking method.
Results: As a result of our molecular docking study, the presence of binding affinity between the C2H4O monomer of PVA selected as the ligand and the Sakacin P protein selected as the receptor was determined.
Conclusion: According to the results of the analysis, the presence of a strong inhibitor was detected between the ligand and the target. Therefore, this study can serve as a template for polymer-bacteriocin materials to be produced in the laboratory.
Evaluation of the Effect of Halo Gravity Traction on Lung Volume in Advanced and Severe Kyphoscoliosis Patients in Chest Radiography
Authors: Paksoy Kemal , Abdioğlu Ahmet Atilla
Published: April 2024

Aim: To evaluate the effect of preoperative halo gravity traction on lung volume in patients with advanced and rigid kyphoscoliosis using planimetric measurements from chest radiography.
Method: Ten patients with a mean age of 20.5±0.9 with a diagnosis of severe and severe kyphoscoliosis who underwent halo gravity traction between 2019 and 2021 were included in our study. Direct chest radiographs taken before and after traction were analyzed retrospectively. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of traction, planimetric evaluations were made on radiographs.
Results: In the evaluation of radiological parameters, mean thoracic coronal cobb angle, lumbar cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, C1-S1 distance and lung volume before and after the procedure were 96.670°±8.4535°, 88,090°±4.5989°, 37.020°±11.5893°, 38.540°±11.1269°, 73.150°±7.0412°, 65.590°±7.3927°, 59.100°±9.5467°, 55.100°±9.0238°, It was 371.590mm± 64.2410mm, 408.330 mm±80.8229 mm and 967.730 mm3±318.404 mm3, 1155.180mm3±332.868 mm3. The decrease in thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, thoracic cobb and lumbar cobb angles and the increase in lung volume and distance between C1-S1 were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Traction application is a safe method for deformities. It is effective in correcting sagittal and coronal curvatures. It is a method that is effective in pulmonary functions as well as increasing the lung volume radiologically.
Effects of Treatments Applied in Myasthenia Gravis on Gait: Review
Authors: Aydın Suzan , Kethüdaoğlu Mustafa Oğuz , Göçen Hande Besna , Albayrak Havva Ezgi , Köseoğlu Aygül , Altunok Mehmet Kaan , Özsezikli Bülent Abut
Published: April 2024

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which neuromuscular transmission is blocked and neuromuscular junction physiology is affected. The main feature in MG is altered muscle weakness and fatigue of muscle groups that worsens with exercise and improves with rest. With the emergence of muscle weakness in the following periods, walking is affected in MG. This causes balance and walking problems. Most of the patients have complaints of falling and fear of falling. While applying MG treatment, myasthenic symptoms should be reduced and a stable clinical picture should be obtained in which the daily activities of the person are relieved. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of rehabilitation practices on gait in MG and to determine which exercises are effective. As a result, physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches can provide solutions to patients' complaints, albeit symptomatically. Active resistance exercises, aerobic exercises, balance strategy training, endurance exercises, posture exercises, stretching exercises and active–passive range of motion exercises should be performed in an exercise program. In addition, rhythmic auditory stimulation and pre-surgical respiratory physiotherapy also have positive effects on walking.
Polikistik Over Sendromunda Besinlerle Alınan İleri Glikasyon Son Ürünlerinin Rolü
Authors: Özdemir Merve , Bilgiç Pelin
Published: April 2024

Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar diyetle alınan ileri glikasyon son ürünlerinin (AGEs), polikistik over sendromu ile ilişkili hem üreme hem de metabolik işlev bozukluklarında önemli bir rol oynadığını öne sürmektedir. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri, indirgeyici şekerler ile proteinler, lipitler veya nükleik asitler arasındaki enzimatik olmayan glikasyon işlemi tarafından oluşturulan reaktif moleküllerdir. İleri glikasyon son ürünlerinin anahtar hücre içi sinyal yollarının aktivasyonu yoluyla, oksidatif stres ve proinflamatuar sitokinlerin oluşumunu uyararak polikistik over sendromu patogenezine katkıda bulunabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri normal metabolik koşullar altında endojen olarak oluşabildikleri gibi özellikle kızartma, fırınlama veya ızgara gibi yüksek sıcaklıklarda pişirilmiş ve işlenmiş besinlerin tüketimiyle de ekzojen olarak da vücuda alınabilmektedir. Polikistik over sendromlu kadınlarda yumurtalık dokusunda anovülasyon ve hiperandrojenizme neden olan yüksek serum AGE seviyeleri bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, polikistik over sendromunda metabolik ve üremeyle ilgili değişikliklerin aracıları olarak ileri glikasyon son ürünlerinin rolünün sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
The Association Between Hot Flashes, Quality of Life, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Menopausal Women
Authors: Yurtçiçek Eren Saliha , Turan Miral Mukaddes , Yıldırım Ömer , Başgöl Şükran
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aims to determine the association between hot flashes, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life among menopausal women.
Method: This cross-sectional study consisted of 492 menopausal women aged 45 years and above who lived in a city in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The data were collected using the personal data form, the Menopause-Specific Hot Flash Scale, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women.
Results: A strong positive significant association was found between the Menopause-Specific Hot Flash Scale and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (r = .694, p<0.000). A weak negative significant association was found between the Menopause-Specific Hot Flash Scale and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (r= -.189, p<0.000). A weak negative significant association was found between the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (r= -.291, p<0.000).
Conclusion: According to the findings, as women are affected by hot flashes, their quality of life is affected similarly. Complaints about hot flashes and quality of life negatively affect sexual satisfaction.
Potential Protective Role of Radicut in Valproic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Spleen
Authors: Oktay Nihal Şehkar , Alev Tüzüner Burcin , Tunalı Sevim , Emekli Alturfan Ebru , Tunalı-akbay Tuğba , Yanardağ Refiye , Yarat Ayşen
Published: April 2024

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the potential protective role of Radicut (RAD) in Valproic acid (VPA)-induced oxidative stress in splenic tissues of rats.
Method: Rats were divided into groups as follows: Group 1: Controls (n=8), Group II: R: RAD-given group (30 mg/kg/day, n=8), Group III: V: VPA-given group (0.5 g/kg/day, n=10), Group IV: V+R: VPA+RAD-given group (30 mg/kg/day, n=11). VPA, RAD, and VPA+RAD were given to the animals for 7 days (i.p). Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress were determined in spleen homogenates.
Results: VPA elevated oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and sialic acid levels, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S- transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Administration of RAD to VPA-given group decreased LPO, SA levels, and acid phosphatase levels, and increased tissue factor, SOD, GST, and GPx activities.
Conclusion: RAD reversed the biochemical results in the V group, by clarifying its protective effect. RAD has the potential to prevent oxidative stress during VPA treatment, which could be beneficial.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Gece Yeme Sendromu, Uyku Kalitesi ve Kronotip Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Küçükkatırcı Baykan Hürmet , Saban Gaye , Geçgel Seda
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma; üniversite öğrencilerinde gece yeme sendromu, uyku kalitesi ve kronotip arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan çalışma, 2022 yılı Nisan ile Haziran ayları arasında Kapadokya Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ve çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 570 (429 kız, 141 erkek) öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada öğrencilerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçümleri, uyku kaliteleri, kronotipleri, gece yeme durumları ve besin tüketim sıklıkları incelenmiştir. Uyku kalitesi “Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi (PUKİ)”, kronotip “Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)” ölçeği ile, gece yeme sendromu ise “Gece Yeme Anketi (GYA)” ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21,20±1,34 yıldır. Öğrencilerin PUKİ puanı ortancası 7 (1-17)’dir. PUKİ sınıflandırmasına göre öğrencilerin %60,5’inin (n=345) uyku kalitesi kötü, %39,5’inin (n=225) uyku kalitesi iyidir. Öğrencilerin MEQ puanı ortancası 53 (20-80)’dir. Kronotip sınıflandırmasına göre katılımcıların %24,9’u (n=142) akşamcıl, %67,2’si (n=383) ara ve %7,9’u (n=45) sabahçıl tiptir. Öğrencilerin GYA’dan aldıkları puan ortancası 27 (12-42)’dir. Katılımcıların %82,8’inde (n=472) gece yeme sendromu bulunurken, %17,2’sinde (n=98) gece yeme sendromu bulunmamaktadır. PUKİ ile MEQ arasında negatif yönde, anlamlı (r=-0,136, p<0,05); PUKİ ile GYA arasında pozitif yönde, anlamlı (r=0,380, p<0,001); GYA ile MEQ arasında negatif yönde, anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (r=-0,118, p<0,05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin uyku kaliteleri düştükçe kronotipleri akşamcıl tipe geçmekte akşamcıl kronotipe sahip öğrencilerde ise gece yeme sendromu daha sık görülmektedir. Bu döngü sıklıkla tekrarlanmakta bireysel ve halk sağlığı bazında birçok sağlık riskini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Farkındalık ve bilgilendirme çalışmalarının bu sorunun önüne geçilmesinde önemli bir unsur olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Factors Affecting Disease Acceptance and Disease Acceptance of Individuals with Diabetes
Authors: Rashidi Mahruk , Yıldırım Gülay
Published: April 2024

Aim: Disease acceptance in patients with diabetes provides disease management. It can play an important role in improving the treatment and care outcomes of diabetes, reducing disease complications, and reducing health costs. The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study and aims to determine the disease acceptance and behaviors of individuals with diabetes.
Method: The data were obtained from individuals with diabetes who applied to the diabetes outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Istanbul between November and December 2023. The inclusion criteria were composed of individuals who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, who were literate, who did not have vision problems, and who agreed to participate in the study. The research data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and the "Acceptance and Action Form Scale for Diabetic Patients". A total of 266 diabetic individuals participated in the study.
Results: The mean age of individuals with diabetes was 61.10±10.8 (38-85) years, the mean duration of diabetes was 7.55±3.4 years, and the mean acceptance score was 43.74±9.2. In the study, it was found that married individuals with diabetes had lower disease acceptance levels than single or divorced/widowed individuals (p<0.05), individuals with diabetes with a disease duration of 1-10 years had higher disease acceptance levels than those with a disease duration of 11 years or more (p<0.05), and individuals with diabetes who received education had higher disease acceptance levels than those who did not receive education (p=0.001). In the developed multiple linear model, marital status, duration of diabetes, and diabetes education variables explain 46% of the variance of disease acceptance (r=0.68; R2 =0.46; p=0.000).
Conclusion: As a result, the disease acceptance of patients with diabetes is slightly above the moderate level. Factors affecting disease acceptance are that the duration of diabetes is not long and participation in diabetes education is ensured. It can play an important role in improving the treatment and care outcomes of diabetes, reducing disease complications, and reducing health costs.
O PAPEL DOS JOGOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR E COGNITIVO DA CRIANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Jesus Carla Antonia da Silva de , Nascimento Edmilson José da Silva , Viana Francisca Suleyma de Souza , Souza Ilma Neuzieli Oliveira de , Nascimento Maria do Bom Parto Mangabeira do , Ferreira Maria Rossieli Teixeira Mora , Gomes Raimundo Gleidison de Souza
Published: April 2024

O estudo se dedica a valorizar a utilização de jogos na educação infantil para auxiliar no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo da criança nos primeiros anos escolares. Entende-se Os jogos são fundamentais nessa fase, pois auxilia na descoberta das habilidades e contribui para a criança compreenda significativamente seus erros e acertos, visto que, as vivências estabelecidas por meio dos jogos podem fazer com que a criança compreenda as regras, a importância da socialização, comunicação e parceria com outras crianças, incentivando a auto avaliação e a aprendizagem de forma descontraída para que o aluno possa relacionar o seu desenvolvimento com algo que lhe traz satisfação e felicidade. Esse estudo foi aplicado em uma Escola de Educação Infantil, localizada na zona leste de Manaus – AM. O recurso metodológico utilizado trata-se da pesquisa de campo, por meio da observação participativa e a aplicação de atividades lúdica para os alunos do segundo período da educação infantil. Os capítulos divididos abordam a caracterização da educação infantil, o desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo e a aplicação de jogos e brincadeiras no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, nesse terceiro capítulo destacam-se os jogos aplicados durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Portanto, compreende-se que a partir da aplicação dos jogos as crianças começam a perceber suas capacidades de atenção, memória, imaginação e interação por meio da experimentação de regras e da socialização.
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity: A Comprehensive Review on Invitro and In Vivo Screening Methods
Authors: Reddy N.V.L. Suvarchala , Raju M. Ganga , Anusha P. , Sudha D. Pushyami , Shrivani P.
Published: April 2024

Modern pharmacotherapy includes analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicines as essential components to relieve pain and inflammation brought on by a variety of medical diseases. Robust screening techniques are essential for the identification of possible candidates with appropriate safety and effectiveness profiles in the search and development of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications. This study looks at the many screening methods used in preclinical studies to assess new drugs' analgesic and anti-inflammatory quality. Conventional techniques like the tail flick, hot plate, and writhing’s tests measure analgesic activity by having animals respond to unpleasant stimuli. Comparably, anti-inflammatory activity is frequently assessed using assays like the cotton pellet granuloma test, which gauges tissue granuloma formation, and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, which measures inflammation. These traditional techniques offer insightful information about the pharmacological effects of test substances. Despite the wide range of screening techniques available, each strategy has advantages and disadvantages. Preclinical studies are more reliable and have higher predictive value when various assays and techniques are integrated into a tiered screening strategy. Furthermore, the successful translation of preclinical findings to human applications depends on taking into account translational variables including species differences and clinical relevancies. As a result, choosing the right screening techniques is critical to the effective identification and characterization of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
An Overview of Dapagliflozin
Authors: Hima Bindu Ambati , Akhila Reddy Nomula , Vamshikrishna Policepatel , Deshpande Srishti , Adnan Mohmed Javid Shaikh Mohmed
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes, a chronic, progressive condition, causes hyperglycemia in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. The latest forecasts show 592 million diabetics globally by 2035, up from 382 million in 2013. A new line of medicines blocks the kidney-based transporter protein sodium glucose co- transporter-2 (SGLT2) independently of insulin, complementing insulin treatment. Dapagliflozin (Forxiga) is a new EU-approved type 2 diabetes medication. This insulin-dependent process boosts urine glucose excretion. By specifically and potentially inhibiting SGLT2, dapagliflozin decreases blood glucose without insulin. Dapagliflozin had no clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions with metformin, pioglitazone, sitagliptin, or glimepiride in healthy volunteers. The principal findings of clinical trials employing dapagliflozin to treat type 2 diabetes showed that the prescribed dosage (10 mg/day) was beneficial. Dapagliflozin works best with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or risk factors.
Kunnen we weten wat seks is? De (re)productie van normatieve seks in Nederland
Authors: Voorend Linde
Published: April 2024

Boekbespreking van Eindelijk weten wat seks is, waarin Linda Duits een analyse biedt van de perspectieven op seks in de Nederlandse samenleving.
FORECASTING THE REAL AVERAGE RETIREMENT BENEFIT IN THE UNITED STATES USING OWA OPERATORS
Authors: Figuerola-Wischke Anton , Gil-Lafuente Anna Maria
Published: April 2024

The issue of pensions has become increasingly topical. This paper presents the ordered weighted averaging real average pension (OWARAP) operator. The OWARAP operator is based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and calculates the future average retirement benefit taking into account price changes. Moreover, this work extends the OWARAP operator by using order-inducing variables, generalized means, and probabilities. This paper ends by analyzing the applicability of the OWARAP operator and its extensions in forecasting the real average Social Security benefits for retired workers in each state of the United States (U.S.). The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in retirement decision making.
ASASSN-18ap: A Dusty Tidal Disruption Event Candidate with an Early Bump in the Light Curve
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wang Tinggui , Jiang Ning , Zhang Xiaer , Zhu Jiazheng , Shu Xinwen , Huang Shifeng , Zhang FaBao , Sheng Zhenfeng , Lin Zheyu
Published: April 2024

We reexamined the classification of the optical transient ASASSN-18ap, which was initially identified as a supernova (SN) upon its discovery. Based on newly emerged phenomena, such as a delayed luminous infrared outburst and the emergence of luminous coronal emission lines, we suggest that ASASSN-18ap is more likely a tidal disruption event (TDE) in a dusty environment, rather than an SN. The total energy in the infrared outburst is 3.1 × 1051 erg, which is an order of magnitude higher than the total energy in the optical-to-UV range, indicating a large dust extinction, an extra-extreme ultraviolet component, or anisotropic continuum emission. A bumpy feature appeared in the optical light curve at the start of brightening, which was reported in a couple of TDEs very recently. This early bump may have been overlooked in the past, due to the lack of sufficient sampling of the light curves of most TDEs during their ascending phase, and it could provide insight into the origin of optical emission.
Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul. II. Evidence from Nebular Spectroscopy for a Violent Merger in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova
Authors: Kwok Lindsey A. , Siebert Matthew R. , Johansson Joel , Jha Saurabh W. , Blondin Stéphane , Dessart Luc , Foley Ryan J. , Hillier D. John , Larison Conor , Pakmor Rüdiger , Temim Tea , Andrews Jennifer E. , Auchettl Katie , Badenes Carles , Barnabas Barna , Bostroem K. Azalee , Brenner Newman Max J. , Brink Thomas G. , Bustamante-Rosell María José , Camacho-Neves Yssavo , Clocchiatti Alejandro , Coulter David A. , Davis Kyle W. , Deckers Maxime , Dimitriadis Georgios , Dong Yize , Farah Joseph , Filippenko Alexei V. , Flörs Andreas , Fox Ori D. , Garnavich Peter , Padilla Gonzalez Estefania , Graur Or , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D. Andrew , Hughes John P. , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Saux Xavier K. , Maeda Keiichi , Maguire Kate , McCully Curtis , Mihalenko Cassidy , Newsome Megan , O’Brien John T. , Pearson Jeniveve , Pellegrino Craig , Pierel Justin D. R. , Polin Abigail , Rest Armin , Rojas-Bravo César , Sand David J. , Schwab Michaela , Shahbandeh Melissa , Shrestha Manisha , Smith Nathan , Strolger Louis-Gregory , Szalai Tamás , Taggart Kirsty , Terreran Giacomo , Terwel Jacco H. , Tinyanont Samaporn , Valenti Stefano , Vinkó József , Wheeler J. Craig , Yang Yi , Zheng WeiKang , Ashall Chris , DerKacy James M. , Galbany Lluís , Hoeflich Peter , de Jaeger Thomas , Lu Jing , Maund Justyn , Medler Kyle , Morell Nidia , Shappee Benjamin J. , Stritzinger Maximilian , Suntzeff Nicholas , Tucker Michael , Wang Lifan
Published: April 2024

We present an analysis of ground-based and JWST observations of SN 2022pul, a peculiar “03fg-like” (or “super-Chandrasekhar”) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), in the nebular phase at 338 days postexplosion. Our combined spectrum continuously covers 0.4–14μm and includes the first mid-infrared spectrum of a 03fg-like SN Ia. Compared to normal SN Ia 2021aefx, SN 2022pul exhibits a lower mean ionization state, asymmetric emission-line profiles, stronger emission from the intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) argon and calcium, weaker emission from iron-group elements (IGEs), and the first unambiguous detection of neon in a SN Ia. A strong, broad, centrally peaked [Neii] line at 12.81μm was previously predicted as a hallmark of “violent merger” SN Ia models, where dynamical interaction between two sub-MChwhite dwarfs (WDs) causes disruption of the lower-mass WD and detonation of the other. The violent merger scenario was already a leading hypothesis for 03fg-like SNe Ia; in SN 2022pul it can explain the large-scale ejecta asymmetries seen between the IMEs and IGEs and the central location of narrow oxygen and broad neon. We modify extant models to add clumping of the ejecta to reproduce the optical iron emission better, and add mass in the innermost region (<2000 km s−1) to account for the observed narrow [Oi]λλ6300, 6364 emission. A violent WD–WD merger explains many of the observations of SN 2022pul, and our results favor this model interpretation for the subclass of 03fg-like SNe Ia.
Identifying H i Emission and UV Absorber Associations near the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Kim Doyeon A. , Zheng Yong , Putman Mary E.
Published: April 2024

We present a new technique to identify associations of H i emission in the Magellanic Stream (MS) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbers from 92 QSO sight lines near the MS. We quantify the level of associations of individual H i elements to the main H i body of the Stream using Wasserstein distance-based models, and derive characteristic spatial and kinematic distances of the H i emission in the MS. With the emission-based model, we further develop a comparison metric, which identifies the dominant associations of individual UV absorbers with respect to the MS and nearby galaxies. For ionized gas associated with the MS probed by C ii, C iv, Si ii, Si iii, Si iv, we find that the ion column densities are generally ∼0.5 dex higher than those that are not associated, and that the gas is more ionized toward the tail of the MS as indicated by the spatial trend of the C ii/C iv ratios. For nearby galaxies, we identify potential new absorbers associated with the circumgalactic medium of M33 and NGC 300, and affirm the associations of absorbers with IC 1613 and the Wolf–Lundmark–Mellote galaxy. For M31, we find the previously identified gradient in column densities as a function of the impact parameter, and that absorbers with higher column densities beyond M31's virial radius are more likely to be associated with the MS. Our analysis of absorbers associated with the Magellanic Clouds reveals the presence of continuous and blended diffuse ionized gas between the Stream and the Clouds. Our technique can be applied to future applications of identifying associations within physically complex gaseous structures.
Constraints on the z ∼ 5 Star-forming Galaxy Luminosity Function From Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of an Unbiased and Complete Sample of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies
Authors: Sears Huei , Chornock Ryan , Strader Jay , Perley Daniel A. , Blanchard Peter K. , Margutti Raffaella , Tanvir Nial R.
Published: April 2024

We present rest-frame UV Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the largest and most complete sample of 23 long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies between redshifts 4 and 6. Of these 23, we present new WFC3/F110W imaging for 19 of the hosts, which we combine with archival WFC3/F110W and WFC3/F140W imaging for the remaining four. We use the photometry of the host galaxies from this sample to characterize both the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF) and the size–luminosity relation of the sample. We find that when assuming the standard Schechter-function parameterization for the UV LF, the GRB host sample is best fit with

α
=
−

1.30

−
0.25

+
0.30

and

M

*

=
−

20.33

−
0.54

+
0.44

mag, which are consistent with results based on z ∼ 5 Lyman-break galaxies. We find that ∼68% of our size–luminosity measurements fall within or below the same relation for Lyman-break galaxies at z ∼ 4. This study observationally confirms expectations that at z ∼ 5 Lyman-break and GRB host galaxies should trace the same population and demonstrates the utility of GRBs as probes of hidden star formation in the high-redshift Universe. Under the assumption that GRBs unbiasedly trace star formation at this redshift, our nondetection fraction of 7/23 is consistent at the 95% confidence level with 13%–53% of star formation at redshift z ∼ 5 occurring in galaxies fainter than our detection limit of M
1600Å ≈ −18.3 mag.
Identifying Changing-look AGNs Using Variability Characteristics
Authors: Wang Shu , Woo Jong-Hak , Gallo Elena , Guo Hengxiao , Son Donghoon , Kong Minzhi , Mandal Amit Kumar , Cho Hojin , Kim Changseok , Shin Jaejin
Published: April 2024

Changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), characterized by the appearance/disappearance of broad emission lines in the span of a few years, present a challenge for the AGN unified model, whereby the Type 1 versus Type 2 dichotomy results from orientation effects alone. We present a systematic study of a large sample of spectroscopically classified AGNs, using optical variability data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) as well as follow-up spectroscopy data. We demonstrate that Type 1 and Type 2 AGNs can be neatly separated on the basis of the variability metric σ
QSO, which quantifies the resemblance of a light curve to a damped random walk model. For a small subsample, however, the ZTF light curves are inconsistent with their previous classification, suggesting the occurrence of a CL event. Specifically, we identify 35 (12) turn-on (turn-off) CL AGN candidates at z < 0.35. Based on follow-up spectroscopy, we confirm 17 (4) turn-on (turn-off) CL AGNs out of 21 (5) candidates, representing a high success rate for our method. Our results suggest that the occurrence rate of CL AGNs is ∼0.3% over timescales of 5–20 yr, and confirm that the CL transition typically occurs at an Eddington ratio of ≲0.01.
Distribution of Merging and Post-merger Galaxies in Nearby Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Kim Duho , Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Jaffé Yara L. , Kelkar Kshitija , Ranjan Adarsh , Piraino-Cerda Franco , Crossett Jacob P. , Costa Lourenço Ana Carolina , Martin Garreth , Nantais Julie B. , Demarco Ricardo , Treister Ezequiel , Yi Sukyoung K.
Published: April 2024

We study the incidence and spatial distribution of galaxies that are currently undergoing gravitational merging (M) or that have signs of being post-merger (PM) in six galaxy clusters (A754, A2399, A2670, A3558, A3562, and A3716) within the redshift range of 0.05 ≲ z ≲0.08. To this aim, we obtained Dark Energy Camera mosaics in the

u

′

,

g

′

, and

r

′

bands covering up to 3 × R
200 of the clusters, reaching 28 mag arcsec−2 surface brightness limits. We visually inspect

u

′

g

′

r

′

color-composite images of volume-limited (M

r
< −20) cluster member galaxies to identify whether galaxies are of M or PM type. We find 4% M-type and 7% PM-type galaxies in the galaxy clusters studied. By adding spectroscopic data and studying the projected phase-space diagram (PPSD) of the projected clustocentric radius and the line-of-sight velocity, we find that PM-type galaxies are more virialized than M-type galaxies, having a 1%–5% higher fraction within the escape-velocity region, while the fraction of M-type was ∼10% higher than the PM type in the intermediate environment. Similarly, on a substructure analysis, M types were found in groups in the outskirts, while PM-type populated groups were found in ubiquitous regions of the PPSD. Adopting literature-derived dynamical state indicator values, we observed a higher abundance of M types in dynamically relaxed clusters. This finding suggests that galaxies displaying post-merger features within clusters likely merged in low-velocity environments, including clusters outskirts and dynamically relaxed clusters.
ExoCubed: A Riemann-solver-based Cubed-sphere Dynamic Core for Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Chen Sihe , Li Cheng
Published: April 2024

The computational fluid dynamics on a sphere is relevant to global simulations of geophysical fluid dynamics. Using the conventional spherical–polar (or lat–lon) grid results in a singularity at the poles, with orders-of-magnitude-smaller cell sizes at the poles in comparison to the equator. To address this problem, we developed a general circulation model (dynamic core) with a gnomonic equiangular cubed-sphere configuration. This model is developed based on the Simulating Nonhydrostatic Atmospheres on Planets model, using a finite-volume numerical scheme with a Riemann-solver-based dynamic core and the vertical implicit correction scheme. This change of the horizontal configuration gives a 20-time acceleration of global simulations compared to the lat–lon grid with a similar number of cells at medium resolution. We presented standard tests ranging from 2D shallow-water models to 3D general circulation tests, including Earth-like planets and shallow hot Jupiters, to validate the accuracy of the model. The method described in this article is generic to transform any existing finite-volume hydrodynamic model in the Cartesian geometry to the spherical geometry.
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). III. A Catalog of Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances and the Three-dimensional Distribution of Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Cantiello Michele , Blakeslee John P. , Ferrarese Laura , Côté Patrick , Raimondo Gabriella , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Durrell Patrick R. , Gwyn Stephen , Hazra Nandini , Peng Eric W. , Roediger Joel C. , Sánchez-Janssen Rúben , Kurzner Max
Published: April 2024

The surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) method is a robust and efficient way of measuring distances to galaxies containing evolved stellar populations. Although many recent applications of the method have used space-based imaging, SBF remains a powerful technique for ground-based telescopes. Deep, wide-field imaging surveys with subarcsecond seeing enable SBF measurements for numerous nearby galaxies. Using a preliminary calibration, Cantiello et al. presented SBF distances for 89 bright, mainly early-type galaxies observed in the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. Here we present a refined calibration and SBF distances for 278 galaxies extending several magnitudes fainter than in previous work. The derived distances have uncertainties of 5%–12% depending on the properties of the individual galaxies, and our sample is more than 3 times larger than any previous SBF study of this region. Virgo has a famously complex structure with numerous subclusters, clouds, and groups; we associate individual galaxies with the various substructures and map their three-dimensional spatial distribution. Curiously, subcluster A, centered around M87, appears to have two peaks in distance: the main peak at ∼16.5 Mpc, and a smaller one at ∼19.4 Mpc. Subclusters B and C have distances of ∼15.8 Mpc. The W and W

′

groups form a filament-like structure, extending more than 15 Mpc behind the cluster with a commensurate velocity increase of ∼1000 km s−1 along its length. These measurements are a valuable resource for future studies of the relationship between galaxy properties and local environment within a dynamic and evolving region.
Photon Rings and Shadow Size for General Axisymmetric and Stationary Integrable Spacetimes
Authors: Salehi Kiana , Broderick Avery E. , Georgiev Boris
Published: April 2024

There are now multiple direct probes of the region near black hole horizons, including direct imaging with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). As a result, it is now of considerable interest to identify what aspects of the underlying spacetime are constrained by these observations. For this purpose, we present a new formulation of an existing broad class of integrable, axisymmetric, stationary spinning black hole spacetimes, specified by four free radial functions, that makes manifest which functions are responsible for setting the location and morphology of the event horizon and ergosphere. We explore the size of the black hole shadow and higher-order photon rings for polar observers, approximately appropriate for the EHT observations of M87*, finding analogous expressions to those for general spherical spacetimes. Of particular interest, we find that these are independent of the properties of the ergosphere, but do directly probe the free function that defines the event horizon. Based on those expressions, we extend the nonperturbative, nonparametric characterization of the gravitational implications of various near-horizon measurements to spinning spacetimes. Finally, we demonstrate this characterization for a handful of explicit alternative spacetimes.
Connectivity and climate change drive the global distribution of highly invasive termites
Authors: Duquesne Edouard , Fournier Denis
Published: April 2024

Termites are amongst the most abundant and ecologically-important groups of insects in tropical forests. However, the destructive potential of some species amounts to billions of dollars in damage each year. Despite their economic and ecological impacts, only a limited number of invasive termite species have been studied using distribution modelling and no studies have taken trade, transport and demography variables into account. We used Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to investigate the potential distribution of 10 highly-invasive termites. Our study includes bioclimatic conditions, land-use patterns, elevation and connectivity predictors (i.e. urban areas, human population, accessibility to cities and private vessels), alongside different climatic and socioeconomic change scenarios.

The distribution of the termite species hinges on bioclimatic and connectivity variables, highlighting the significance of these latter factors in invasive species analyses. Our models demonstrate the potential of these invasive termites to thrive in large urbanised and connected areas within tropical and subtropical regions and to a lesser extent within temperate regions. As climate changes and urbanisation intensifies, most species’ range could expand, particularly under a “fossil fuel-driven development” scenario. Furthermore, while some species may have a slightly reduced range, they could extend their presence into more urbanised and connected areas, increasing the risks and costs associated with termite damages. Our models highlight the anticipated role of growing connectivity and climate change dynamics in facilitating the widespread proliferation of invasive termites in the coming years.
« JJB is back »
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: April 2024

Le lien de Jean-Jacques Becker aux archives et particulièrement fort, non seulement parce qu’il a pris une large part dans la constitution de collections et d’institutions de référence (BDIC, Historial de la Grande Guerre à Péronne), mais aussi parce qu’elles constituent le cœur d’interrogations originales, sur ce qu’elles disent ou taisent, sur ce qu’elles autorisent ou contrôlent.
Vers un enseignement secondaire moderne et démocratique ?
Authors: Fabre Mélanie
Published: April 2024

Cet article propose une introduction à la déposition de Jean Jaurès réalisée le 25 février 1899 devant la commission d’enquête parlementaire chargée de la réforme de l’enseignement secondaire sous la direction d’Alexandre Ribot. Ce travail revient sur le contexte de l’enquête – concurrence des établissements secondaires libres défavorable aux collèges et lycées publics – et analyse la manière dont Jaurès se positionne sur les différents points traités par la commission, comme la question du maintien de l’examen du baccalauréat, celle de la revalorisation de la filière moderne, sans grec ni latin, ou encore celle de l’ouverture de l’enseignement secondaire et aux classes moyennes et populaires, scolarisées dans l’ordre primaire. Jaurès navigue alors entre attachement à la tradition universitaire classique, dont il est le produit, et conscience de la nécessité de faire évoluer l’enseignement secondaire pour lui permettre d’être en phase avec la modernité et de se démocratiser.
La politique étrangère de Joe Biden : priorité chinoise et leadership rétréci
Authors: Kandel Maya
Published: April 2024

Joe Biden avait promis de restaurer le leadership américain après Donald Trump et de concentrer les ressources et l’attention de la politique étrangère des États-Unis sur leur principal rival et défi stratégique : la Chine. Son administration a réussi à renforcer les bases industrielles de la compétition technologique avec la Chine. Mais l’impasse des affrontements en Ukraine et le conflit à Gaza ont aussi illustré les limites de ce leadership, rétréci à l’Occident et de plus en plus contesté ailleurs par la Russie, la Chine et les pays dits « du Sud global ». Le bilan général ressemble ainsi, comme sous Barack Obama, à un pivot contrarié .
Preceptor Development: Using the American Nurses Credentialing Center Outcome-Based Continuing Education Model
©
Authors: Kizner Kelly , Graebe Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Preceptors play a vital role in shaping the growth of every nurse. Effective preceptors lead to better patient outcomes as new nurses are better equipped to deliver high-quality care under the guidance of experienced mentors. Providing a supportive preceptor experience increases job satisfaction and retention rates among new and tenured nurses, ultimately benefiting health care organizations. When designing preceptor development programs, health care institutions should incorporate the Outcome-Based Continuing Education Model
©
(OB-CE Model
©
) from the American Nurses Credentialing Center. This column explores how to use the OB-CE Model
©
to enhance the competency and human skills of preceptors as learners, thereby fostering their development effectively.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2024;55(5):212–216.]
Stability analysis of solutions of certain May's host-parasitoid model by using KAM theory
Authors: Garić-Demirović Mirela , Kovačević Dragana , Nurkanović Mehmed
Published: April 2024

We use the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory to investigate the stability of solutions of a system of difference equations, a certain class of a generalized May's host-parasitoid model. We show the existence of the extinction, interior, and boundary equilibrium points and examine their stability. When the rate of increase of hosts is less than one, the zero equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, which means that both populations are extinct. We thoroughly describe the dynamics of 1:1 non-isolated resonance fixed points and have used the KAM theory to determine the stability of interior equilibrium point. Also, we have conducted several numerical simulations to support our findings by using the software package Mathematica.
The accelerated failure time regression model under the extended-exponential distribution with survival analysis
Authors: Kariuki Veronica , Wanjoya Anthony , Ngesa Oscar , Mansour Mahmoud M. , Elrazik Enayat M. Abd , Afify Ahmed Z.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose a parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) hazard-based regression model with the extended alpha-power exponential (EAPE) baseline distribution. The proposed model is called the extended alpha-power exponential-AFT (EAPE-AFT) regression model. We show that the EAPE distribution is closed under the AFT model. The parameters of the proposed EAPE-AFT model have been estimated by using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. An extensive simulation study was also conducted to examine the performance of the estimates under several scenarios based on the shapes of the baseline hazard function. Finally, real-life censored survival data has been used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
Determination of medical emergency via new intuitionistic fuzzy correlation measures based on Spearman's correlation coefficient
Authors: Ejegwa Paul Augustine , Kausar Nasreen , Agba John Abah , Ugwuh Francis , Özbilge Emre , Ozbilge Ebru
Published: April 2024

Uncertainty in medical diagnosis is the main challenge in medical emergencies (MEs) experienced by triage nurses and physicians in the emergency department (ED). The intuitionistic fuzzy correlation coefficient (IFCC) approach is used to analyze and interpret the relationship between variables in an uncertain environment. Assorted methods that involve applying a correlation coefficient under intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) were constructed based on Pearson's correlation model with various drawbacks. In this work, we construct two new intuitionistic fuzzy correlation measures (IFCMs) based on Spearman's correlation model. It is demonstrated that the Spearman-based IFCMs are appropriate for measuring correlation coefficients without any drawbacks. In addition, we show that the Spearman-based IFCMs overcome all the shortcomings of the associated IFCC methods. Equally, the Spearman-based IFCMs satisfy the maxims of the correlation coefficient that have been delineated in the classical case of correlation coefficient. Due to the challenges that uncertainty in medical diagnosis pose to MEs and the proficiency of the IFCC approach, we discuss the application of the constructed IFCMs in a triage process for an effective medical diagnosis during an ME. The medical data for the triage process are obtained via a knowledge-based approach. Finally, comparative analyses are carried out to ascertain the validity and authenticity of the developed Spearman-based IFCMs relative to other IFCC approaches.
Piecewise approximate analytical solutions of high-order reaction-diffusion singular perturbation problems with boundary and interior layers
Authors: El-Zahar Essam R. , Al-Boqami Ghaliah F. , Al-Juaydi Haifa S.
Published: April 2024

This work aims to present a reliable algorithm that can effectively generate accurate piecewise approximate analytical solutions for third- and fourth-order reaction-diffusion singular perturbation problems. These problems involve a discontinuous source term and exhibit both interior and boundary layers. The original problem was transformed into a system of coupled differential equations that are weakly interconnected. A zero-order asymptotic approximate solution was then provided, with known asymptotic analytical solutions for the boundary and interior layers, while the outer region solution was obtained analytically using an enhanced residual power series approach. This approach combined the standard residual power series method with the Padé approximation to yield a piecewise approximate analytical solution. It satisfies the continuity and smoothness conditions and offers higher accuracy than the standard residual power series method and other numerical methods like finite difference, finite element, hybrid difference scheme, and Schwarz method. The algorithm also provides error estimates, and numerical examples are included to demonstrate the high accuracy, low computational cost, and effectiveness of the method within a new asymptotic semi-analytical numerical framewor.
A smoothing spline algorithm to interpolate and predict the eigenvalues of matrices extracted from the sequence of preconditioned banded symmetric Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Kouser Salima , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Alsaiari Mabkhoot , Ahmad Fayyaz , Jalalah Mohammed , Harraz Farid A. , Akram Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Understanding the eigenvalue distribution of sequence Toeplitz matrices has advanced significantly in recent years. Notable contributors include Bogoya, Grudsky, Böttcher, and Maximenko, who have derived precise asymptotic expansions for these eigenvalues under certain conditions related to the generating function as the matrix size increases. Building on this foundation, the Stefano Serra-Capizzano conjectured that, under certain assumptions about $ \Omega $ and $ \Phi $, a similar expansion may hold for the eigenvalues of a sequence of preconditioned Toeplitz matrices $ T_{n}^{-1}(\Phi) T_n(\Omega) $, given a monotonic ratio $ r = \Omega/\Phi $. In contrast to current eigenvalue solvers, this work presents a novel method for efficiently calculating the eigenvalues of a sequence of large preconditioned banded symmetric Toeplitz matrices (PBST). Our algorithm uses a higher-order spline fitting extrapolation technique to gather spectral data from a smaller sequence of PBST matrices in order to forecast the spectrum of bigger matrices.
Independent Game Production in Southern China
Authors: Davies Hugh
Published: April 2024

This article examines the interplay between commerce and creativity within Southern China’s game development by examining three sites of tension within that media production sector. These are the long hours demanded by the digital media industries in which many independent game makers are employed; the tight government controls dictating what game content can be published; and the commercially driven game types that many independent game makers rally against. Revealed here is that strict videogame regulation policies enacted by the Chinese government are experienced as a positive force by many independent game makers. These government policies prevent commercial games from dominating the market, thereby enabling a space for independent games and their makers to exist. These commerce/creativity dialectics in Southern China connect to media industries globally and highlight the resilience of Chinese indies in balancing commercial, creative, and governmental constraints. Drawing on recent scholarship combined with ethnographic fieldwork, this article expands awareness of game production beyond Anglo-centric and neoliberal understandings by illuminating understanding of Southern China’s independent game community and the circumstances of their creative practice.