bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate sector engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: an analysis of stakeholder submissions
Authors: Leersen Petrina , Lock (Ngiyampaa) Mark , Walker (Yorta Yorta) Troy , Crocetti Alessandro , Browne Jennifer
Published: May 2024

The commercial determinants of health are an emerging area of inquiry; however, a comprehensive understanding of commercial activities impacting Indigenous peoples remains elusive. In 2021, an Australian parliamentary inquiry was initiated to examine how the corporate sector can better engage with Indigenous consumers. This study examined the commercial determinants of Indigenous health and social wellbeing by analysing submissions to the Inquiry. Twenty-five submissions were analysed: seven from Indigenous actors, five supplementary submissions, and the Inquiry’s interim report. Findings revealed exclusion of Indigenous leadership from the commercial sector, supply of harmful products, misleading branding, and predatory lending. This meant increased stress and reduced access to essential services for Indigenous consumers, despite affirmative corporate social responsibility strategies towards Indigenous peoples. Government policy should prioritise ongoing collaboration with Indigenous peoples in the development of regulatory mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact of commercial practices on health and social wellbeing.
Playful rehearsals of animal subjugation: The naturalization of animal labour in videogames
Authors: Morrison Sebastian
Published: May 2024

In videogames, players commonly encounter virtual animals who perform labour for human benefit. Animal labour is not only physical, but increasingly involves labours of bonding and love which invest the player in the animal's liveliness alongside their utility. This article analyses Stardew Valley, interrogating the ways in which the player encounters and builds relationships with labouring virtual animals. It argues that, through these player-animal relationships, the player rehearses orientations towards animal life which take for granted their subjugation. In Stardew Valley, animals express love in ways which not only obscure their subjugated position, relative to humans, in relationships of domination, but also encourage the player to reproduce those relationships on an expanding scale. This is a naturalization of animal subjugation which, in part, justifies real practices of industrial animal agriculture which lead not only to constant cycles of mass animal death, but also contribute to climate disaster.
Sartorial subversion in subculture of Malaysian female Muslim punks
Authors: Ismail Roslina , Liu Mengye
Published: May 2024

Punk culture, with its hallmark rebellious aesthetic, often stands in stark contrast to the modesty prescribed by Islamic traditions, particularly regarding women's attire. This article explores the sartorial practices of female Muslim punks in Malaysia, investigating the complex interplay of gender, religion, and subcultural identities within the Malaysian context. Employing an ethnographic approach, we examine how these women use dress for self-expression, empowerment, and resistance, challenging the historic oversights in punk discourse. Introducing the conceptual framework of ‘the localization of subculture’, our research provides a theoretical model for understanding how global subcultures, like punk, adapt to local contexts, leading to unique cultural expressions. Examining individual approaches to dress practices, our findings demonstrate the ability of the Malaysian punk community to deconstruct conventional norms and actively construct meanings of its own. This article invites a re-evaluation of subculture studies and advocates rethinking what we know about subcultures by considering local influences.
Hybrid strengthening of RC beams with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate and engineered cementitious composites transition layer
Authors: Su Yanli , Wu Chang , Wang Guolin , Shang Jiaqi , Zhang Pu
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the experimental study on the reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (EB-CFRP) laminate and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) material. A total of six beams were tested under the four-point bending test to investigate the influence of strengthening scheme, type of CFRP laminate and the width of CFRP plate on the flexural response. The results revealed that hybrid strengthened beam with the technical of EB-CFRP and ECC transition layer significantly enhanced the crack load (29.0%–133.3%), yield load (50.9%–96.5%) and ultimate load (50.0%–81.9%) of the beams relative to the control beam. The employment of ECC material was an ideal transition layer for delaying the interfacial debonding of CFRP laminate, where the ultimate tensile strain of CFRP plate in hybrid strengthened beams was 13.2%–33.33% higher than that of beam merely strengthened with EB-CFRP plate. Beams strengthened with CFRP sheet had the greater flexural performance and higher utilization of CFRP than its counterparts strengthened with CFRP plate. Moreover, the predicted model associated with ultimate bearing capacity of the hybrid beams was provided based on ACI 440.2R-08, which was relatively conservative with a margin for the ultimate load of the hybrid strengthened beams.
International trends in the implementation of assessment for learning revisited: Implications for policy and practice in a post-COVID world
Authors: Volante Louis , DeLuca Christopher , Barnes Nicole , Birenbaum Menucha , Kimber Megan , Koch Martha , Looney Anne , Poskitt Jenny , Smith Kari , Wyatt-Smith Claire
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the evolution of assessment for learning (AfL) across the globe with particular attention given to Western educational jurisdictions. Scholars from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States discuss prominent assessment reforms within their respective countries over the last decade. Particular attention is given to the impact of the pandemic as well as technological developments for classroom assessment policies and practices. Ongoing tensions that exist between AfL and summative forms of assessment within national policy initiatives are also revisited in relation to the seminal version of this article published 10 years ago.
Comparative Study of the Short-Term Efficacy and Safety between DEB-TACE and C-TACE in the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Hai Long , Liu Shuaiwei , Ma Lina , Ding Xiangchun , Bai Xiaoyang , Luo Xia
Published: May 2024

Background: This is a retrospective study aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy and safety between drug-eluting bead transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) and conventional TACE (C-TACE) in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: From July 2019 to April 2021, we enrolled 282 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital, of which 179 and 103 were in the DEB-TACE and C-TACE groups, respectively. General information was collected, and treatment effects were evaluated following the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. To compare the indexes of liver and kidney function, routine blood and coagulation were collected before treatment, and 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative adverse reactions (ie, fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain) were recorded to evaluate the safety of treatment. The two groups’ progression-free survival and overall survival were also calculated to assess the treatment effect. Results: Preoperatively, the bilirubin, transaminase, and absolute neutrophil values between the two groups were not statistically significant ( P > .05). At 1 month postoperatively, the absolute neutrophil values were significantly higher in the DEB-TACE group than those in the C-TACE group ( P < .05). At 3 months postoperatively, AST, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin levels were significantly elevated in the DEB-TACE group ( P < .05), compared with the C-TACE group. However, at 6 months postoperatively, total and direct bilirubin levels in the C-TACE group were higher than those in the DEB-TACE group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P < .05). For patients undergoing DEB-TACE, the survival risk was lower compared to those undergoing C-TACE. The survival risk of patients undergoing DEB-TACE was lower than that of C-TACE within 20 months postoperatively. The survival risk of patients undergoing DEB-TACE was lower than that of patients undergoing C-TACE. Conclusion: DEB-TACE may be superior to C-TACE in terms of safety and efficacy in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence to Cancer Research: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: Zadeh Shirazi Amin , Tofighi Morteza , Gharavi Alireza , Gomez Guillermo A.
Published: May 2024

Advancements in AI have notably changed cancer research, improving patient care by enhancing detection, survival prediction, and treatment efficacy. This review covers the role of Machine Learning, Soft Computing, and Deep Learning in oncology, explaining key concepts and algorithms (like SVM, Naïve Bayes, and CNN) in a clear, accessible manner. It aims to make AI advancements understandable to a broad audience, focusing on their application in diagnosing, classifying, and predicting various cancer types, thereby underlining AI's potential to better patient outcomes. Moreover, we present a tabular summary of the most significant advances from the literature, offering a time-saving resource for readers to grasp each study's main contributions. The remarkable benefits of AI-powered algorithms in cancer care underscore their potential for advancing cancer research and clinical practice. This review is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the transformative implications of AI in cancer care.
Mechanical thrombectomy with Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cages device for medium vessel occlusions: First pass results and safety profile
Authors: Bajrami Arsida , Senadim Songul , Bas Demet Funda , Erdem Eren , Geyik Serdar
Published: May 2024

Background

Reperfusion of medium vessel occlusions is correlated with good outcomes. However, optimal techniques and medical devices are still unclear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy with Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cages (ERIC™) retrieval device in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to distal medium vessel occlusions.

Methods

A retrospective review of the prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database revealed 50 patients who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collected includes clinical patient characteristics, procedural measures, timestamps at each stage, and patient outcomes. Intravenous thrombolytics application, pre- and post-intervention imaging findings, device-related adverse events and any type of intracranial hemorrhage were recorded.

Results

There were 25 men (50%) and 25 women (50%) with a median of 67 years (interquartile range (IQR) 41–84). Median presenting NIHSS was 14 (IQR, 3–23). First pass rates were: eTICI3 in 16 cases (32%), eTICI-2c in eight cases (16%), eTICI-2B67 in nine cases (10%), eTICI2B50 in three cases (6%) and mTICI 0–2A in 18 cases (36%). Final recanalization rate of mTICI 2b-3 was 90% and 2c-3 was 70%.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the ERIC thrombectomy device offers a high rate of first-pass success along with a favorable safety profile. Larger series and multi-center studies are needed for further investigation.
Intrusiveness and the Public-private Divide in Netnography: A Situated, Structured Approach for Ethical Research in the Context of Closed, Group-based, or Hidden Social Media Behaviour
Authors: Demant Jakob , Moretti Alessandro
Published: May 2024

The nature of online social behaviour is largely changing, from communications taking place on open platforms to interactions occurring in hidden, group-based spaces or closed fora. Boccia Artieri (2017) has called this the new geography of unsearchable small conversations. This transformation challenges our current understanding and application of research ethics in qualitative digital sociology because, on one hand, we can no longer lean upon the approaches used by social data science to handle big and open data and, on the other, we cannot exclusively rely on established practices in qualitative sociology. Academic inquiry into these closed messaging threads and fora, however, remains of great societal importance, not least because of the rise of hate and extreme content in such spaces. With researchers now facing increased barriers when accessing social media (such as having to register an account, the inability to enter a group or chat without being invited, and so on), a rethinking of some of the long-standing cornerstones of ethical research is required for the digital age. The paper makes a methodological contribution to this field by delivering an assessment tool based on the methodology of the project Online Hateful Youth Sociality, which explores the use of memes to share hate on social media. The tool bridges the perspectives of digital sociology, criminology, and digital humanities with ethnographic real-world research to address the ethical issues of disclosure and intrusiveness, harm, the public or private nature of online spaces, and informed consent in the context of researching behaviour in small and hard-to-reach online groups. The assessment tool is presented in the form of an ethical decision flowchart that advocates for an approach that is not only situated but also structured. Ethical considerations are thus applied to the relevant issues depending on specific contexts but with clear, “step-by-step” assessment guidance.
Prior abdominal surgery is not associated with 30-day mortality or morbidities after endovascular repair of complex abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Li Renxi , Sidawy Anton , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc
Published: May 2024

Background

Prior abdominal surgery (PAS) has the potential to affect outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Recently, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been expanded among patients with complex AAA, which involves visceral branches in the upper abdominal aortic. However, outcomes of EVAR for complex AAA in patients with PAS have not been examined. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PAS on 30-day outcomes in EVAR for complex AAA.

Methods

Patients who underwent EVAR for complex AAA were identified in ACS-NSQIP targeted database from 2012 to 2022. Complex AAA was defined as juxtarenal, suprarenal, or pararenal proximal extent, Type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysm, or aneurysms treated with Zenith Fenestrated endograft. Patients with age less than 18 years, ruptured AAA with or without hypotension, acute intraoperative conversion to open, and emergency presentation were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare 30-day postoperative outcomes of patients with and without PAS. Demographics, baseline characteristics, aneurysm diameter, indication for surgery, proximal and distant aneurysm extent, anesthesia, and concomitant procedures were adjusted.

Results

There were 515 (28.34%) and 1302 (71.66%) patients with and without PAS, respectively, who underwent EVAR for complex AAA. Patients with and without PAS had comparable 30-day mortality (3.11% vs 3.00%, aOR = 0.766, 95 CI = 0.407–1.442, p = .41). Organ system complications including cardiac complications, stroke, pulmonary complications, and renal complications were comparable between patients with and without PAS. All other 30-day outcomes were similar between groups. However, patients with PAS had higher 30-day readmission rate (11.65% vs 7.14%, aOR = 1.634, 95 CI = 1.145–2.331, p = .01).

Conclusion

While PAS has high prevalence among patients undergoing EVAR for complex AAA, it does not impact 30-day mortality and morbidities. Thus, EVAR for complex AAA can be considered safe for patients with PAS in terms of short-term outcomes, despite the long-term prognosis in these patients being needed in further studies.
The strategic delivery of video-based coaching: A season-long investigation in one English youth soccer academy
Authors: Barlow Lewis , Partington Mark , Doncaster Greg , O’Gorman Jimmy , Nelson Lee
Published: May 2024

This article presents the findings of a season-long investigation of video-based coaching (VBC) practices in an English youth soccer academy. During the period of fieldwork, the lead author immersed themselves within the academy setting, in which they observed 22 VBC sessions and also day-to-day interactions between coaching staff relating to these activities. In addition, 18 interviews were conducted with 5 coaching staff, totalling 8 h of in-depth interview data. The fieldnotes and interview transcripts were iteratively analysed, utilising Goffman's dramaturgical writings and Groom et al.'s grounded theory of VBC. Our analysis produced two overarching themes. These were (a) how the coaching staff concealed that VBC sessions were principally designed to develop ‘high priority’ players and (b) how the coaching staff purposefully withheld critical thoughts and feelings about their player's performances, preferring instead to strategically focus on the provision of positive messages during VBC sessions. These findings contribute to the limited investigation of this aspect of coaching and demonstrate the importance of educating coaches to acknowledge how VBC can be influenced by and used to respond to workplace demands and expectations.
A commentary on the Council Recommendation on strengthening social dialogue in the European Union
Authors: Kwiatkiewicz Anna
Published: May 2024

The 2023 Council Recommendation on strengthening social dialogue in the European Union is a very special document. It brings social dialogue into the spotlight, while respecting national social dialogue practices. Employers believe that the right balance was struck and perceive the Recommendation as a useful instrument in promoting social dialogue and strengthening capacity of social partners both the EU and national levels. The meaningfulness of this Recommendation depends now on its implementation in Member States. Granting sufficient time for implementing the Recommendation – five years with reporting to the Council on evaluation of taken actions planned for December 2029 – and involving social partners are important success factors.
Trust in Human-Agent Teams: A Multilevel Perspective and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Wildman Jessica L. , Nguyen Daniel , Thayer Amanda L. , Robbins-Roth Valerie T. , Carroll Meredith , Carmody Kendall , Ficke Cherrise , Akib Mohammed , Addis Arianna
Published: May 2024

As technology continues to advance, interest in how humans perceive and interact with autonomous agents has increased, spurring ample research within human-agent teams (HATs). However, the word team is a bit of a misnomer, in that much of this research has examined one human in relation to one agent. We extend the HAT literature by applying a multilevel lens to develop future research questions regarding trust in heterogeneous HATs. First, we assert that trust is an attitude that is multireferent, suggesting research should explore not just humans’ trust in agents, but many other perspectives such as agents’ trust in humans. Second, we assert that trust is multilevel, suggesting research should explore higher-level emergent forms of trust. Third and fourth, we assert trust is dynamic and event-based, suggesting research should explore discontinuous changes in trust in response to events such as agent- and human-enacted trust violation and repair.
Effect of heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with spontaneous intracranial cerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Yifu , Wang Gang , Xue Chunxiao , He Guojun , Zhang Yan , He Feilong , He Chenjun , Liang Xiaosong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has a serious impact on the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). However, the use of prophylactic heparin remains controversial.

Objectives:

This study investigated the safety and timing of prophylactic heparin for VTE in patients with sICH.

Design:

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.

Methods:

Two authors systematically searched Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed to find all published research before June 2023. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and mortality were set as primary endpoints.

Results:

This meta-analysis included seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five observational studies involving a total of 4419 sICH patients in the heparin ( n = 2808) and control ( n = 1183) groups. Among these patients, 205 received early heparin administration, while 223 received late heparin administration. The results suggested that, compared to the control group, patients in the heparin group had a lower incidence of VTE [odds ratio (OR), 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.71; p < 0.001], DVT (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.85; p = 0.009), pulmonary embolism (OR, 0.31 95% CI, 0.15–0.65; p = 0.002), and mortality (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54–0.90; p = 0.006), but there were no statistical differences in hematoma enlargement, extracranial hematoma, and major disability ( p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in DVT, mortality, hematoma enlargement, and extracranial hemorrhage between the early heparin group (<24–48 h) and the late heparin group ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In patients with sICH, prophylactic use of heparin may be beneficial because it reduces the incidence of VTE and mortality without increasing the risk of additional bleeding. In addition, early prophylactic use of heparin appears to be safe. However, large-scale RCTs are lacking to support this evidence.
The fragmented sovereignty of the ummah: A response to Sidaway's manifesto
Authors: Schenk Christine Giulia
Published: May 2024

In this commentary, I engage with Sidaway's manifesto by exploring the implications of the spatiality of the ummah for political geography and what this could mean for future research agendas. I argue that feminist geographical contributions offer an important pathway to discuss the spatial implications in Muslim geographies, because they are useful in critically approaching the political dimension of Muslim geographies, particularly the question of sovereignty. Building on my own research on Muslim family law in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, I highlight the centrality of the concept of sovereignty as well as the question of positionality for a decolonial research agenda of Muslim geographies.
Mapping evidence on barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries in Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Badacho Abebe Sorsa , Woltamo Deginesh Dawit , Demissie Dereje Bayissa , Mahomed Ozayr Haroon
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

To map the evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries in Africa.

Introduction:

Noncommunicable diseases are increasing among people living with HIV. Thus, strengthened and sustained diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases through integrated noncommunicable diseases and HIV care is needed to improve patient outcomes. However, there is paucity of evidence on the barriers and facilitators diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods:

The Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework was used. A comprehensive systematic search of academic databases (MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycInfo, CAB, and Health Source/Nursing) was performed via EBSCO search and PubMed. The articles were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The results were structured using Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior model and Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results:

A total of 152 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The identified barriers were relevant to all the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior constructs and 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains. A lack of knowledge and awareness of noncommunicable diseases, fear of stigma, financial problems and out-of-pocket payments were the most cited patient-level barriers. Healthcare providers (knowledge and awareness gaps, skill and competence deficiencies, unwillingness, burnout, low motivation, and apathy) were frequently cited. Lack of equipment, noncommunicable disease medications and supply chain challenges, lack of integrated noncommunicable disease and HIV care, and shortage of trained healthcare providers were identified as health-system-level barriers.

Conclusion:

This scoping review is the first to identify barriers and facilitators using a theoretical framework. The most cited barriers include a lack of integrated HIV and noncommunicable disease care, equipment and logistics chain challenges for noncommunicable diseases, patients’ and healthcare providers’ lack of knowledge and awareness of noncommunicable diseases, and healthcare provider’s skill and competency deficiencies. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare providers and health systems.
Surgical management of a huge oral verrucous carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nnko Kanankira A , Pima Raphael T , Baraka Calvin J , Chalya Daniel , Rwakatema Deogratius S , Mremi Alex
Published: May 2024

Verrucous carcinoma is a well-recognized low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous, oral, and anogenital forms exist. Exposure to persistent chronic irritation, inflammation, and repeated injury, as well as carcinogenic agents such as human papillomavirus infection, smoking, and alcohol use, are established risk factors. These neoplasms occur mostly in the oral cavity. The usual extraoral sites include the larynx, esophagus, genitals, and perineum. It is an extremely uncommon site of occurrence for the extraoral chin region. This unusual location makes the index case unique. Other uncommon sites reported include finger and foot. Case studies of verrucous carcinoma with huge tumor sizes are rare. Although it can be destructive locally, verrucous carcinoma typically does not spread to distant sites. Wide surgical excision with free margins is the most common treatment approach with a favorable prognosis. These tumors are likely to recur if they are incompletely excised, and recurred lesions tend to be more aggressive clinically as compared to their original counterparts. Herein, the authors describe a case of a huge oral verrucous carcinoma localized on the chin of a 43-year-old female patient. The clinical course, diagnostics, and proposed treatment have been discussed with the existing available literature.
Postpartum Ogilvie syndrome, cause of acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Elbahaoui Nezha , Lahnaoui Oumayma , Benammi Sara , Ouanani Mohamd , Errougani Abdelkader
Published: May 2024

Lesson

Ogilvie's syndrome presents as a rare complication in the postpartum period. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to prevent colonic perforation, occurring in 25 to 40% of cases, leading to significant mortality.
How do provider communication strategies predict online patient satisfaction? A content analysis of online patient-provider communication transcripts
Authors: Rui Jian Raymond , Guo Jieqiong , Yang Keqing
Published: May 2024

Objective

As a result of the growing access to the Internet, online medical platforms have gained increased popularity in China. However, which strategies doctors should use to improve their online communication with patients remains understudied. Drawing upon the performance-evaluation-outcome (PEO) model, the present study seeks to develop a typology of patient-centered communication (PCC) strategies online and identify those strategies that can increase patient satisfaction.

Methods

We employed the data crawling technique to access text-based patient–provider transcripts through a large medical consultation platform in China and coded 9140 conversational turns of doctors.

Results

Our analysis revealed 15 PCC strategies that Chinese doctors often used online. In addition, several strategies were found to enhance patient satisfaction including information provision, making diagnosis, information appraisal, emotion expression, emotion recognition and support, in-depth discussion of medical treatments, providing coping strategies, and enabling self-management.

Conclusion

Chinese patients may have developed multiple needs, which they expect to fulfill through their interactions with doctors. Technological affordances of online medical platforms may pressure doctors to adapt their communication strategies to patients’ needs. Our findings develop the PEO model from the perspective of patient-provider communication strategies and add a perspective centering on patients’ needs to the scholarship on patient satisfaction. In addition, these results provide practical implications on how to improve patient-provider communication online.
Microbiological and Immunological Assessment of Peri-implant Sites in Healthy and Diabetic Individuals After Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Prospective Case Control Study
Authors: Dinesh Gera , Ramesh KSV , Penmetsa Gautami S , Swetha P , NVS Sruthima G  , Kumar P Mohan
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Microbial colonization contributes to periodontitis and peri-implantitis with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines like IL 17. This has a vital role in the destructive process of tissue and bone around the implant. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has the potential to increase these microbial colonies thus becoming a risk factor. To compare and correlate the association of peri-implant sulcular microflora and salivary IL-17 between healthy and controlled diabetic individuals.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 participants who have undergone dental implant placement with screw-retained prosthesis were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups, healthy ( n = 15) and diabetic ( n = 15). The subgingival plaque was collected from peri-implant sites into TE buffer vials and the salivary sample was collected into Eppendorf tubes at the 7th, 14th, and 30th day. Microbiological counts of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T .forsythia, and F. nucleatum were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, and salivary interleukin (IL)-17 levels were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The bacterial count was increased in both healthy and diabetic individuals but more prevalent in diabetes. The salivary IL-17 levels were increased in diabetic individuals which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Increased microbiota in both healthy and diabetic individuals along with increased IL-17 levels can lead to peri-implantitis which provides an insight into microbiological and immunological aspects in individuals with dental implants further acting as a predictor for peri-implantitis.
Pain Management in Pediatric Patients: Evidence-Based Practices and Future Directions for Pediatric Surgical Nurses
Authors: Sutton Lori A. , Pappas Jenny
Published: May 2024

This article provides an overview of managing pain in the pediatric population for the surgical nurse. Proper assessment of pediatric pain, newborn to age 18, is reviewed, including appropriate pain scales and self-report of pain. Pain management, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches, is stated. Innovative practices such as virtual reality and educational tool kits for families are reviewed. Special considerations in the pediatric population, including undertreatment of pain in infants, preprocedural pain treatment, and postoperative pain, are included. The importance of educating, aligning expectations, and communicating among the healthcare team, patients, and families is discussed.
A 10-Step Process to Align Problem-Based Learning With Accreditation Expectations for Self-Directed and Lifelong Learning
Authors: Al-Eyd Ghaith , Seki Tsugio , Griffin Daniel P
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Self-directed and lifelong learning (SDLL) skills are essential skillsets in both undergraduate and graduate medical education (UME and GME). Hence, medical schools’ accreditation bodies emphasize the requirements to acquire these skills in their accreditation standards. For example, in the United States, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) clearly defines the components of the SDLL process in Element 6.3 of Accreditation Standard Six. Among the active learning pedagogies, problem-based learning (PBL) provides ample learning opportunities where SDLL skills are effectively applied. The aim of this article is to streamline the process of developing, delivering, and evaluating PBL sessions in line with the SDLL accreditation requirements through a 10-step design and implementation process.

METHODS

Our 10-step process, detailed in the article, starts with developing learning objectives that inform the content of the PBL case and the required embedded learning triggers. The process carefully addresses the components of the SDLL process and other aspects of the accreditation needs within the framework of PBL. The approach to implementation, feedback, assessment, and evaluation is explicitly described to meet the regulatory expectations.

DISCUSSION

In addition to the essential role in UME and GME, SDLL skills are vital requisites for continuing medical education of all physicians. Instilling this skillset early in medical students helps to cultivate their ability to apply these skills in their future professional roles. Using accreditation standards as a foundation for creating learning experiences, for example, PBL, requires careful content development and sequencing. Such a process needs explicit standardized steps that should not only be feasible, but also transferable for usage by different medical schools.

CONCLUSION

Our streamlined 10-step process of designing and delivering an SDLL-oriented PBL experience can easily be adopted by other medical schools to address the SDLL skills acquisition as well as meeting the accreditation requirements.
Malignant Transformation of a Solitary Osteochondroma of Proximal Humerus: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sebastian Abin , S Hari , Rahman Ebin , Chandy Lazar
Published: May 2024

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign neoplasms. Malignant transformation of a solitary osteochondroma to secondary chondrosarcoma is very rare, ranging from 1% to 2%. A new onset of pain, rapid growth of lesion after the closure of the growth plate, and cartilage cap thickness of more than 2 cm in adults and more than 3 cm in children are features suggestive of malignant transformation. Excision of the tumor with free margins is the treatment of choice. We report the case of a 33-year-old man with complaints of pain and progressive swelling over the right axilla. X-ray and MRI features were suggestive of malignant transformation, which was confirmed by histopathology. He underwent a wide excision with tumor-free margins. At 14 months of follow-up, he is asymptomatic with no clinical and radiological signs of recurrence. Malignant transformation of a solitary osteochondroma is extremely rare. High index of clinical and radiological suspicion is mandatory for early diagnosis and prompt management, thereby improving the prognosis and overall survival.
‘This is my team … we’ve got this and we’re not going to stand for any of this shit!’: A queer anarchist do it yourself approach to football
Authors: Hoole Alice
Published: May 2024

This article critically explores the experiences of nine football players who identify as women, transgender and non-binary, and their perceptions of playing in queer DIY footballing spaces, focused around four key themes. The themes that emerged were the outsider identity, the decentring of competitiveness, queer community and temporalities and prefigurative practice and proliferation. Participants cited the political bottom-up structure of these football spaces as important to their (re)engagement with football. Furthermore, participants felt they were able to act out forms of queer activism through DIY practice and by playing a sport that they had previously been marginalised from due to their gender and/or sexuality. Drawing on a queer anarchist lens, this article examines how participants seek to disrupt hegemonic discourses within a sport that is often perceived as a masculine pursuit. This article argues for more prefigurative and diverse sporting practices to allow freer participation for marginalised identities within football.
Atomic-scale deformation mechanisms at high-pressure in inderborite, CaMg[B3O3(OH)5]2(H2O)4⋅2H2O
Authors: Comboni Davide , Battiston Tommaso , Lotti Paolo , Hanfland Michael , Gatta G. Diego
Published: May 2024

The high-pressure behaviour of inderborite [ideally CaMg[B3O3(OH)5]2(H2O)4⋅2H2O, space group C2/c with a≈ 12.14, b≈ 7.43, c≈ 19.23 Å and β ≈ 90.3° at room conditions] has been studied by two in situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments up to ~10 GPa, using He as pressure-transmitting fluid. Between 8.11(5) and 8.80(5) GPa, inderborite undergoes a first-order phase transition to its high-pressure polymorph, inderborite-II (with a≈ 11.37, b≈ 6.96, c≈ 17.67 Å, β ≈ 96.8° and ΔV ≈ 7.0%, space group unknown). The isothermal bulk modulus (KV0 = β−1P0,T0, where βP0,T0 is the volume compressibility coefficient) of inderborite was found to be KV0 = 41(1) GPa. The destructive nature of the phase transition prevented any structure resolution of inderborite-II or even the continuation of the experiments at pressures higher than 10.10(5) GPa. In the pressure range 0–8.11(5) GPa, the compressional anisotropy of inderborite, indicated by the ratio between the principal components of the Eulerian finite unit-strain ellipsoid, is ɛ1:ɛ2:ɛ3 = 1.4:1.05:1. The deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale in inderborite are here described. Our findings support the hypothesis of a quasi-linear correlation between the total H2O content and P-stability range in hydrated borates, as the pressure at which inderborite undergoes the phase transition falls in line with most of the hydrate borates studied at high-pressure so far.
Effect of antibody-mediated connective tissue growth factor neutralization on lung edema in ventilator-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: van den Brom Charissa E. , Bozic Caitlin , Polet Chantal A. , Bongers Annabel , Tuip-de Boer Anita M. , Ibelings Roselique , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , Juffermans Nicole P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by alveolar edema that can progress to septal fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation can augment lung injury, termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a mediator of fibrosis, is increased in ARDS patients. Blocking CTGF inhibits fibrosis and possibly vascular leakage. This study investigated whether neutralizing CTGF reduces pulmonary edema in VILI.

Methods

Following LPS administration, rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 h with low (6 mL/kg; low VT) or moderate (10 mL/kg; mod VT) tidal volume and treated with a neutralizing CTGF antibody (FG-3154) or placebo lgG (vehicle). Control rats without LPS were ventilated for 6 h with low VT. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, FITC-labeled dextran permeability, histopathology, and soluble RAGE were determined.

Results

VILI was characterized by reduced PaO2/FiO2 ratio (low VT: 540 [381–661] vs. control: 693 [620–754], p < 0.05), increased wet-to-dry weight ratio (low VT: 4.8 [4.6–4.9] vs. control: 4.5 [4.4–4.6], p < 0.05), pneumonia (low VT: 30 [0–58] vs. control: 0 [0–0]%, p < 0.05) and interstitial inflammation (low VT: 2 [1–3] vs. control: 1 [0–1], p < 0.05). FG-3154 did not affect wet-to-dry weight ratio (mod VT + FG-3154: 4.8 [4.7–5.0] vs. mod VT + vehicle: 4.8 [4.8–5.0], p > 0.99), extravasated dextrans (mod VT + FG-3154: 0.06 [0.04–0.09] vs. mod VT + vehicle: 0.04 [0.03–0.09] µg/mg tissue, p > 0.99), sRAGE (mod VT + FG-3154: 1865 [1628–2252] vs. mod VT + vehicle: 1885 [1695–2159] pg/mL, p > 0.99) or histopathology.

Conclusions

‘Double hit’ VILI was characterized by inflammation, impaired oxygenation, pulmonary edema and histopathological lung injury. Blocking CTGF does not improve oxygenation nor reduce pulmonary edema in rats with VILI.

Graphical Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis and antigenic epitope prediction for E6 and E7 of Alpha-papillomavirus 9 in Taizhou, China
Authors: Yuan Haobo , Yan Ziyi , Gan Jun , Di Xinghong , Qiu Yi , Xu Huihui
Published: May 2024

Background

Alpha-papillomavirus 9 (α-9) is a member of the human papillomavirus (HPV) α genus, causing 75% invasive cervical cancers worldwide. The purpose of this study was to provide data for effective treatment of HPV-induced cervical lesions in Taizhou by analysing the genetic variation and antigenic epitopes of α-9 HPV E6 and E7.

Methods

Cervical exfoliated cells were collected for HPV genotyping. Positive samples of the α-9 HPV single type were selected for E6 and E7 gene sequencing. The obtained nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acid sequences (protein primary structure) using MEGA X, and positive selection sites of the amino acid sequences were evaluated using PAML. The secondary and tertiary structures of the E6 and E7 proteins were predicted using PSIPred, SWISS-MODEL, and PyMol. Potential T/B-cell epitopes were predicted by Industrial Engineering Database (IEDB).

Results

From 2012 to 2023, α-9 HPV accounted for 75.0% (7815/10423) of high-risk HPV-positive samples in Taizhou, both alone and in combination with other types. Among these, single-type-positive samples of α-9 HPV were selected, and the entire E6 and E7 genes were sequenced, including 298 HPV16, 149 HPV31, 185 HPV33, 123 HPV35, 325 HPV52, and 199 HPV58 samples. Compared with reference sequences, 34, 12, 10, 2, 17, and 17 nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations were detected in HPV16, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58, respectively. Among all nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations, 19 positive selection sites were selected, which may have evolutionary significance in rendering α-9 HPV adaptive to its environment. Immunoinformatics predicted 57 potential linear and 59 conformational B-cell epitopes, many of which are also predicted as CTL epitopes.

Conclusion

The present study provides almost comprehensive data on the genetic variations, phylogenetics, positive selection sites, and antigenic epitopes of α-9 HPV E6 and E7 in Taizhou, China, which will be helpful for local HPV therapeutic vaccine development.
The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and urinary incontinence among adult females in the United States
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Zhou Weiwei , Hu Guangsheng
Published: May 2024

Background and objectives

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and urinary incontinence (UI) are both highly prevalent and age-related diseases. Nevertheless, the link between NAFLD and UI is unclear. Hence, the study was designed to evaluate the association between the NAFLD and UI (including UI types) in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) female adults.

Methods

We conducted this study used data from U.S. female adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) cycles. The diagnosis of NAFLD is based on Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and absence of know liver diseases and significant alcohol consumption. The diagnosis and types of UI were assessment using a self-report questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between NALFD and UI. Stratified analyses based on age, obesity, race, educational level, married status, PIR, and smoking status were conducted.

Results

Of the 2149 participants, the mean (95% CI) age was 53.9 (52.7–55.0), 686 (61.1%) were Non-Hispanic White. UI was significantly more common in participants with NAFLD [490 (64.7%)] than those without NAFLD [552 (44.9%)]. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, family poverty income ratio (PIR) status, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), smoking status, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and insulin resistance (IR) in a multivariable logistic regression model, NALFD were associated with UI [OR: 1.93, 95%CI 1.23–3.02, P = 0.01] and urge UI [OR: 1.55, 95%CI 1.03–2.33, P = 0.03], while patients with NAFLD did not show an increased odds in stress UI and mixed UI when compared with those without NAFLD subject (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD remained significantly associated with UI, particularly among those participants without obesity (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-4.00) and aged ≥ 60 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.38–3.51).

Conclusions

Among US female adults, NAFLD has a strong positive correlation with UI. Given that NAFLD is a modifiable disease, these results may help clinicians to target female patients with NAFLD for treatments and interventions that may help prevent the occurrence of UI and reduce the symptoms of UI.
Risk factors and their association network for young adults’ suicidality: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Junsong , Jin Yan , Liang Sugai , Wang Qiang , Li Xiaojing , Li Tao
Published: May 2024

Background

Understanding the intricate influences of risk factors contributing to suicide among young individuals remains a challenge. The current study employed interpretable machine learning and network analysis to unravel critical suicide-associated factors in Chinese university students.

Methods

A total of 68,071 students were recruited between Sep 2016 and Sep 2020 in China. Students reported their lifetime experiences with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, categorized as suicide ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), and suicide attempt (SA). We assessed 36 suicide-associated factors including psychopathology, family environment, life events, and stigma. Local interpretations were provided using Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) interaction values, while a mixed graphical model facilitated a global understanding of their interplay.

Results

Local explanations based on SHAP interaction values suggested that psychoticism and depression severity emerged as pivotal factors for SI, while paranoid ideation strongly correlated with SP and SA. In addition, childhood neglect significantly predicted SA. Regarding the mixed graphical model, a hierarchical structure emerged, suggesting that family factors preceded proximal psychopathological factors, with abuse and neglect retaining unique effects. Centrality indices derived from the network highlighted the importance of subjective socioeconomic status and education in connecting various risk factors.

Conclusions

The proximity of psychopathological factors to suicidality underscores their significance. The global structures of the network suggested that co-occurring factors influence suicidal behavior in a hierarchical manner. Therefore, prospective prevention strategies should take into account the hierarchical structure and unique trajectories of factors.