bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercellular mRNA transfer alters the human pluripotent stem cell state
Authors: Yoneyama Yosuke , Zhang Ran-Ran , Maezawa Mari , Masaki Hideki , Kimura Masaki , Cai Yuqi , Adam Mike , Parameswaran Sreeja , Mizuno Naoaki , Bhadury Joydeep , Maezawa So , Ochiai Hiroshi , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Potter S. Steven , Weirauch Matthew T. , Takebe Takanori
Published: January 2025

Intercellular transmission of messenger RNA (mRNA) is being explored in mammalian species using immortal cell lines. Here, we uncover an intercellular mRNA transfer phenomenon that allows for the adaptation and reprogramming of human primed pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This process is induced by the direct cell contact-mediated coculture with mouse embryonic stem cells under the condition impermissible for primed hPSC culture. Mouse-derived mRNA contents are transmitted into adapted hPSCs only in the coculture. Transfer-specific mRNA analysis shows the enrichment for divergent biological pathways involving transcription/translational machinery and stress-coping mechanisms, wherein such transfer is diminished when direct cell contacts are lost. After 5 d of coculture with mouse embryonic stem cells, surface marker analysis and global gene profiling confirmed that mRNA transfer-prone hPSC efficiently gains a naïve-like state. Furthermore, transfer-specific knockdown experiments targeting mouse-specific transcription factor-coding mRNAs in hPSC show that mouse-derived
Tfcp2l1
,
Tfap2c,
and
Klf4
are indispensable for human naïve-like conversion. Thus, interspecies mRNA transfer triggers cellular reprogramming in mammalian cells. Our results support that episodic mRNA transfer can occur in cell cooperative and competitive processes, which provides a fresh perspective on understanding the roles of mRNA mobility for intra- and interspecies cellular communications.
Multiorifice acoustic microrobot for boundary-free multimodal 3D swimming
Authors: Mahkam Nima , Ugurlu Musab C. , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Aghakhani Amirreza , Razansky Daniel , Sitti Metin
Published: January 2025

The emerging new generation of small-scaled acoustic microrobots is poised to expedite the adoption of microrobotics in biomedical research. Recent designs of these microrobots have enabled intricate bioinspired motions, paving the way for their real-world applications. We present a multiorifice design of air-filled spherical microrobots that convert acoustic wave energy to efficient propulsion through a resonant encapsulated microbubble. These microrobots can swim boundary-free in three-dimensional (3D) space while switching between various frequency-dependent locomotion modes. We explore the locomotion dynamics of microrobots with diameters ranging from 10 μm to 100 μm, focusing on their boundary-free 3D swimming and multimodal locomotion in response to acoustic stimuli below 1 MHz. Further, we elucidate the dynamics of these microrobots, featuring a single multiorifice cavity, which contributes to complex acoustic streaming and facilitates swift, unrestricted movements. Finally, we demonstrate that incorporating microrobots with additional nickel and gold layers significantly enhances their steering and visibility in optoacoustic and ultrasound imaging, enabling the development of the next generation of microrobots in healthcare applications.
Preventing inappropriate signals pre- and post-ligand perception by a toggle switch mechanism of ERECTA
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Maes Michal , Cochran Alicia M. , Avila Julian R. , Derbyshire Paul , Sklenar Jan , Haas Kelsey M. , Villén Judit , Menke Frank L.H. , Torii Keiko U.
Published: January 2025

Dynamic control of signaling events requires swift regulation of receptors at an active state. By focusing on the Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER) receptor kinase, which perceives peptide ligands to control multiple developmental processes, we report a mechanism preventing inappropriate receptor activity. The ER C-terminal tail (ER_CT) functions as an autoinhibitory domain: Its removal confers higher kinase activity and hyperactivity during inflorescence and stomatal development. ER_CT is required for the binding of a receptor kinase inhibitor, BKI1, and two U-box E3 ligases, PUB30 and PUB31, that trigger activated ER to degradation through ubiquitination. We further identify ER_CT as a phosphodomain transphosphorylated by the coreceptor BAK1. The phosphorylation impacts the tail structure, likely releasing ER from autoinhibition. The phosphonull version enhances BKI1 association, whereas the phosphomimetic version promotes PUB30/31 association. Thus, ER_CT acts as an off–on–off toggle switch, facilitating the release of BKI1 inhibition, enabling signal activation, and swiftly turning over the receptors afterward. Our results elucidate a mechanism that fine-tunes receptor signaling via a phosphoswitch module, maintaining the receptor at a low basal state while ensuring robust yet transient activation upon ligand perception.
Final report on key comparison APMP.M.P-K7.2 in hydraulic gauge pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa
Authors: Sainoo Likit , Khamnounsak Chaveng , Manalo Radley F , Salazar Maryness I , Digay Sarah Jane T
Published: January 2025

Main text

This report describes the result of the key comparison APMP.M.P-K7.2 in hydraulic pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode between National Institute and Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT) and National Metrology Laboratory-Industrial Technology Development Institute (Philippines) (NMLPHIL). The comparison was carried out between October 2015 and March 2016 within the framework of Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP). The purpose of this comparison was to determine the degrees of equivalence between the hydraulic pressure standards maintained by NMLPHIL and NIMT in order to evaluate the relationship between the measurement result made by NMLPHIL and the CCM Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV) through NIMT measurement result which was found in the key comparison APMP.M.P-K7. In this comparison NIMT was the pilot institute. Two hydraulic pressure transducers belonging to NIMT were used as the transfer standards. To ensure the reliability of the artifact, five complete measurements were performed before and during the comparison. Therefore, the behaviour of the transfer standards during the comparison period was well characterized. The degrees of equivalence of two national measurement standards were expressed quantitatively by the deviations from the key comparison reference values. In conclusion, the hydraulic pressure in the range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode, developed by the hydraulic pressure balance reference standards maintained by both participating NMIs were found to be fully equivalent under their claimed uncertainties. It can be concluded that the measurement result in hydraulic pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode, made by NMLPHIL has been corresponded to the CCM KCRV under the uncertainties claimed.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Oceanic water waves via double and single convex-concave solitons in the generalized Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Boussinesq-Kupershmidt equations with a novel truncated MM-derivative
Authors: Tantawy Mohamed , Abdel-Gawad Hamdy I , Thamareerat Nuntapon , Sungnul Surattana , Sirisubtawee Sekson
Published: January 2025

A classical system of generalized Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Boussinesq-Kupershmidt equations (gWBKBKEs), describing long shallow-water waves in a dispersive medium, has been extensively studied. This paper introduces a novel fractional derivative, the truncated modified Mittag-Leffler function derivative (TMMD), and investigates its impact on behaviors of solutions of gWBKBKEs. Using the unified method (UM), exact solutions for single-wave systems are derived, as the equations are integrable in such cases. However, for two-wave systems, where integrability is lost, only approximate solutions are achievable. The UM ensures that the maximum error is controlled through optimal parameter selection in the remainder terms The horizontal velocity and wave height deviations from the equilibrium are illustrated. Novel waves structures are revealed including convex-cavity, concave-cavity-solitary waves and curly wave-train. Also, a formation of waves in interactions of the basin and solitons is found. These results are explored via the derived solutions. Stability analysis asserts that the initial state becomes unstable when the initial horizontal velocity exceeds a critical threshold linked to the deviation height. Furthermore, the effect of the fractional parameter in the TMMD is examined, showing minimal impact on the intensity of horizontal velocity and wave height deviations.
Molecular dynamics evaluation of self-diffusion coefficients in two-dimensional dusty plasmas
Authors: Shakoori Muhammad Asif , Khan Misbah , Li Haipeng , Shahzad Aamir , He Maogang , Raza Syed Ali
Published: January 2025

In this article, we employ the Green-Kubo (G-K) and Einstein relations to estimate the self-diffusion coefficients (denoted as DG
and DE
, respectively) in two-dimensional (2D) strongly coupled dusty plasmas (SC-DPs) via equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations. The DG
and DE
are computed for a broad domain of screening length (κ) and coupling parameter (Γ) along with different system sizes. It is observed that both (DG
and DE
) decrease linearly with increasing Γ in the warm liquid states and increase with increasing κ. In cold liquid states, the Einstein relation accurately predicts DE
in 2D SC-DPs because diffusion motion is close to normal diffusion, but the G-K relation provides overestimations of DG, because VACF indicates anomalous diffusion; thus, DG
are not accurate. Our new simulation outcomes revealed that DG
and DE
remain independent on system sizes. Furthermore, our investigations demonstrate that at higher temperatures, DG
and DE
converge, suggesting diffusion motion close to normal diffusion, while at lower temperatures, these two values diverge. We find reasonable agreement by comparing current and existing numerical, theoretical, and experimental data. Moreover, when normalizing diffusion coefficients by the Einstein frequency and testing against the universal temperature scaling law, the DG
deviated from theoretical curves at low temperatures and κ, whereas DE
only disagrees with theory at a very small κ (= 0.10). These findings provide valuable insights for diagnosing dust component parameters within 2D DP systems and contribute to the broader understanding of diffusion processes in DP environments.
Theoretical investigation of electronic structure and carrier mobility in boron antimonide nanotubes
Authors: Xue Lantian , Song Chennan , Jian Miaomiao , Xu Qiang , Fu Yuhao , Gao Pengyue , Xie Yu
Published: January 2025

High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors, single-charge detection, and memory devices. Here we systematically investigated the electronic properties of single-walled boron antimonide (BSb) nanotubes using first-principles calculations. We observed that rolling the hexagonal boron antimonide monolayer into armchair (ANT) and zigzag (ZNT) nanotubes induces compression and wrinkling effects, significantly modifying the band structures and carrier mobilities through band folding and π
*-σ
* hybridization. As the chiral index increases, the band gap and carrier mobility of ANTs decrease monotonically, where electron mobility consistently exceeds hole mobility. In contrast, ZNTs exhibit a more complex trend: the band gap first increases and then decreases, and the carrier mobility displays oscillatory behavior. In particular, both ANTs and ZNTs could exhibit significantly higher carrier mobility compared to hexagonal monolayer and zinc-blende BSb, reaching 103-107 cm2V-1s-1. Our findings highlight strong curvature-induced modifications in the electronic properties of single-walled BSb nanotubes, demonstrating the latter is a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices.
Fast iterative position estimation method of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor
Authors: Zheng Maoyang , Yang Tingting , Xie Guangping
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a Fast Iterative Phase Estimation (FIPE) algorithm is proposed for robotic grinding force control devices using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors (PMSLM), requiring high positional accuracy and response speed. FIPE obtains optimal phase estimates through iterative searching and exhibit excellent dynamic performance. The proposed method is optimized by iterative optimization algorithms, which significantly reduces the number of iterations and enhance the response speed of position estimation. In addition, the effects of harmonics, amplitude mismatch, noise and DC errors in the raw signal on the FIPE algorithm are discussed, and a shallow neural network is introduced to compensate the periodic errors. The experimental results show that the FIPE algorithm has higher calculation accuracy and dynamic performance than the traditional PLL such as SRF-PLL, ANF-PLL and LKF-PLL, and has faster iteration speed than the traditional position estimator such as FPS-PLL.
Robust classification model for identifying stroke patients utilising a machine learning-based ensemblestacking method
Authors: MONDAL Sourav , Choudhary Prakash , Rathee Priyanka
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the study: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs swiftlyand disrupts brain blood flow, causing neurological issues. Risk factors includesmoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Many brainstroke prediction systems are computationally demanding, sluggish, and unreliable.This study uses interpolation spline curves impute data and Principal ComponentAnalysis to identify the most important factors for stroke prediction. By using stackensemble machine learning methods, the goal is to improve the precision of strokedisease identification.Used method: Using interpolation spline curve data imputation and PrincipalComponent Analysis to preprocess and extract EHR data is unique. In addition, thisarticle also proposes a novel stacking ensemble technique using bagging and boostingas foundation learners. Bagging and boosting enhance prediction by reducing variationand bias. Stack-based ensemble learning classifies brain strokes. Build base and meta-learners with Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision tree classifier, KNN, and LogisticRegression. Evaluation of machine learning model efficiency determines the optimalstacking ensemble meta-learner model.Brief Description of Results: The results emphasize the stacking ensemble’s bestmeta-learner model and imputation technique’s impact on electronic health recordrepresentation. By using PCA, most important factors has identified for detectingstroke. The analysis results showed that the Logistic Regression as a meta learner hadthe best predictive performance which achieves 0.96 precision and 0.98 recall valuerespectively with 97% accuracy and AUC curve value of 0.99.Findings: The Decision Tree Classifier and K-Nearest Neighbour as meta learner got95%, 96%accuracy, and both 0.95 AOC curve values on this dataset, showing that themethod works. Precision values of 0.93, and 0.95 for the Decision Tree Classifier andKNN Classifiers as meta-learner confirm their robustness. These findings suggest thatinterpolation spline curve and stacking based ensemble machine learning can improvethe identification of brain stroke from incomplete electronic health records.
Interlude: Notes on Soundwalking as Black Feminist Method
Authors: Martin Allie
Published: January 2025

In this interlude, the author explores the practice of soundwalking around the Shaw and LeDroit Park neighborhoods in Washington, DC. Soundwalks are an umbrella term for any walk that is particularly attuned to sound, and they offer an interesting approach to listening to gentrifying soundscapes. This interlude recounts soundwalks that the author took during fieldwork and engages the complicated and subjugated nature of Black women’s knowledge production. The author presents soundwalks as a Black feminist method, utilizing soundwalks to humanize herself in a soundscape that would otherwise disregard her sonic perceptions in favor of white hearing as the default standard of sound.
Life, Death, and Legacy in Go-Go Music
Authors: Martin Allie
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores in-depth the relationship between go-go music and gentrification in Washington, DC. Go-go music, DC’s local subgenre of funk, has been the sound of working-class Black DC for over forty years. In this chapter, the author sets out to accomplish two goals within the larger context of listening to gentrification in DC. First, she listens to the ways in which gentrification has affected go-go music, from displacement, to increased police encounters, to go-go’s intricate and complicated legacy in the city. Second, bearing the author’s own use of “legacy” in mind, she utilizes Christina Sharpe’s theorization of “the wake” to argue against the notion that go-go is dead or dying, a violent yet common classification that ignores the vibrancy of the go-go community. Along the way, the chapter amplifies lesser-known voices in the go-go community, people whose stories have not been told during the institutionalization of the genre.
The Masculinization of Authority
Authors: Jansson Karin Hassan , Israelsson Jezzica , Ling Sofia
Published: January 2025

This chapter is about work, authority, and identity in the period 1720–1880. It analyses the connections between these three phenomena with the help of verb phrases describing women’s and men’s managerial work, micro-administration (administration of household affairs), and legal examinations—work activities that presupposed and created formal or informal authority. The chapter shows that over the period, authority was exercised more and more often by men and more and more rarely by women. Married women did exercise authority as heads of households, as did men, but men also had access to a wider arena of authority: offices and assignments related to Church, state, and local communities. Towards the end of the period, this arena became even wider as men could exercise authority in the growing labour market. The chapter explains these developments with reference to professionalization of legal practice, proletarianization, growing attention to occupational titles, and increasing visibility in court records of conflicts in the working class. It concludes that women’s limited access to professions and formalized occupations made it harder for them to build an identity based on their working activities.
The Everyday Geography of Work
Authors: Lindström Jonas , Henningsson Linnea , Kardell Örjan , Ulväng Marie
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores everyday mobility and its relationship to the gender division of work in the period 1720 to 1880. Building on verb data and adding information about location, the chapter discusses the underlying and changing infrastructure of such mobility, as well as three main factors behind the mobility of early modern and nineteenth-century societies: the character of agriculture (open fields), the need for extra labour, and the distribution of goods. The chapter refutes the standard narrative of gender, work, and space in the nineteenth century as summarized in the phrase ‘separation of home and workplace’. It shows instead that the working lives of both women and men were characterized by many forms of mobility, by new ‘mobility sites’, and by mobility creating contact and causing conflict in everyday life (reflected in court records). The evidence suggests continuity in the geographical range of women’s activity patterns and a larger, more varied, and expanding radius for men. It also suggests that class was a factor affecting people’s work-related mobility.
Wage Work and the Household
Authors: Jansson Karin Hassan , Lindroth Caroline , Lindström Jonas , Pihl Christopher
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses the ways in which households were connected to the expanding labour market in the period 1720 to 1880 and, vice versa, the ways in which the labour market was deeply dependent on the paid and unpaid work of households. The chapter does not use verb data and instead builds on four case studies: the Sala silver mine, the linen factory at Kättsta, the Västerås steam brewery, and the stud farm at Strömsholm (all in Västmanland, Sweden). The chapter points out how the worksites combined elements from the modern labour market (e.g., set working hours, contracts, fixed wages) with elements from early modern working life (e.g., patriarchal labour relations, worksite hierarchies modelled on the household, blurred boundaries between working for an employer and self-employment). The chapter discloses that the two-supporter model could take many forms and suggests a new terminology to accommodate this diversity and facilitate the analysis of ‘the total social organisation of work’ (Miriam Glucksmann).
Therapeutic gene target prediction using novel deep hypergraph representation learning
Authors: Kim Kibeom , Kim Juseong , Kim Minwook , Lee Hyewon , Song Giltae
Published: January 2025

Identifying therapeutic genes is crucial for developing treatments targeting genetic causes of diseases, but experimental trials are costly and time-consuming. Although many deep learning approaches aim to identify biomarker genes, predicting therapeutic target genes remains challenging due to the limited number of known targets. To address this, we propose HIT (Hypergraph Interaction Transformer), a deep hypergraph representation learning model that identifies a gene’s therapeutic potential, biomarker status, or lack of association with diseases. HIT uses hypergraph structures of genes, ontologies, diseases, and phenotypes, employing attention-based learning to capture complex relationships. Experiments demonstrate HIT’s state-of-the-art performance, explainability, and ability to identify novel therapeutic targets.
Resolution study of jamg he 10k resin for the manufacture of microfluidics moulds
Authors: Gómez Blanco J C , Sánchez Peralta L F , Patrocinio Caballero D , Sánchez Margallo F M , Pagador Carrasco J B
Published: January 2025

Introduction

New trends in lab-on-a-chip mould fabrication rely on 3D printing technologies using stereolithography (SLA). However, the small size of the channels requires precise control of the printing parameters. For this reason, we propose a calibration procedure for the exposure time of a specific resin intended for microfluidic applications.

Methods

Several standard calibration tests were printed using an Elegoo MARS Ultra and a high-resolution resin JAMG HE 10K. The model was printed with various details to calibrate the exposure time, including lines and holes of different widths, as well as pins and holes of various diameters. Each model was printed three times, with the exposure time varied from 2 to 4 seconds. After printing, the models were cleaned in a 2-propanol bath for 20 minutes and light-cured for 60 minutes at room temperature. The details were measured using an optical microscope with a digital camera and compared to the digital model.

Results

The results indicate that the optimum exposure time is just over 2 seconds. Increasing the exposure time resulted in finer details protruding from the base, with lines and pins measuring approximately 100 µm and 200 µm, respectively. In contrast, reducing the exposure time led to gaps and holes with finer details, ranging from 250 µm to 500 µm at 2 seconds.

Conclusion

In conclusion, proper calibration of the resin exposure time is essential to achieve the desired dimensions for the expected microfluidic mould.
Outcomes of a Post-Surgical Follow-Up ProgramME Using Telemedicine in a General and Digestive Surgery Service
Authors: Jiménez Fuertes M , Martín Sánchez M , Carrillo J , Romero Triana D , Sánchez de Molina Ramperez M L , Osorio Silla I , Guadalajara Labajo H , Gacía Olmo D
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The digital revolution has significantly transformed healthcare, particularly in the adoption of telemedicine. This study aims to evaluate the initial postoperative progress, patient experience, and outcomes perceived by individuals who underwent surgery in the General and Digestive Surgery services at our hospital.

Methods

Our hospital employs a fully integrated electronic health record (EHR) system, which includes the mobile application Patient Portal. This platform allows patients to access their complete medical history, schedule consultations, engage in web-based communication, participate in video calls, and interact with a Chatbot, enabling a robust bidirectional communication system.

Following discharge, patients received standardized postoperative follow-up forms through the Patient Portal. These forms, which allowed patients to attach multimedia files, were designed to monitor their recovery and progress. Physicians subsequently reviewed the completed forms to assess each patient’s condition.

Results

Between January 2020 and April 2024, 19,944 telemedicine-based follow-ups were conducted within the Surgery department. These included initial postoperative reviews, long-term follow-ups, pathology monitoring, and test result discussions. All patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the care provided via this system.

Conclusion

Telemedicine can enhance access to postoperative care, offering a safe and efficient follow-up approach without compromising the quality of care perceived by patients or surgeons.
Unraveling the Therapeutic Potential of Menstrual blood-Derived Stromal Cells in Myocardial Infarction Management: A Computational Study
Authors: De Pedro M Á , Pulido M , Álvarez V , Marchena A M , Sánchez-Margallo F M , López E
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) remains a challenge in cardiovascular medicine. While the combined use of Captopril, Bisoprolol, and Spironolactone is well-established in MI management, there is still a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of the secretome derived from menstrual blood stromal cells (MenSCs) through in silico analysis, comparing its effects with those of the aforementioned drugs.

Methods

MenSCs (n=5) were cultured in DMEM + 1% ITS for 48h. The resulting conditioned medium was ultrafiltered (3 kDa) to obtain the secretome (S-MenSCs). Its content was analysed using transcriptomics and proteomics technologies. Bioinformatic analysis included the use of the STRING App to generate the interaction network (IN) of the drugs Captopril, Bisoprolol, and Spironolactone and their target genes, FunRich to identify MI-associated proteins interacting with these target genes, and miRTargetLink2.0 to predict interactions between miRNAs and drug targets. Finally, the S-MenSCs were compared with previously identified miRNAs and proteins, and an IN was generated using Cytoscape.

Results

Our findings reveal that S-MenSCs contain numerous miRNAs and proteins that interact with the target genes of the aforementioned drugs, replicating their effect in silico, especially that of Captopril and Spironolactone.

Conclusion

S-MenSCs exhibit an in silico therapeutic effect comparable to that of Captopril and Spironolactone, emerging as a potential therapy that simplifies MI management.
Evaluation of advanced therapies in severe post-myocardial infarction ventricular dysfunction: a swine model study
Authors: Vázquez F , Baez-Díaz C , Álvarez V , Torrescusa A , Blanco V , Pulido M , López E , Sánchez Margallo F M , Crisostomo V
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ejection fraction (EF) is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Advanced therapies (specifically cardiosphere-derived cells-CDCs- or their secretome –S-CDCs) could be useful in this scenario. Our objective was to evaluate whether intracoronary (IC) administration of CDCs or S-CDCs could improve cardiac function in a porcine model of severe post-MI ventricular dysfunction.

Methods

A reperfused MI model was induced in Large White pigs. Animals with an EF<30% on day 7 post-MI received, in a blinded manner, 30x106 CDCs (n=7), 9.16 mg S-CDCs (n=6) or 5 ml of saline (n= 6) via IC route. Two magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed, on day 7 (to verify the inclusion criteria) and at 10 weeks, calculating: EF, indexed end systolic (ESVi) and diastolic (EDVi) volumes and infarct size.

Results

No significant differences in cardiac function were observed between the groups at 10 weeks. The S-CDCs group showed the best results in terms of cardiac function, with EF at 24±2% vs 29±3% vs 21±3%, EDVi at 104±8 ml/m² vs 95±8 ml/m² vs 107±9 ml/m², ESVi at 79±7 ml/m² vs 68±8 ml/m² vs 86±10 ml/m², and infarct size at 10±1% vs 11±2% vs 10±2% in the Control, S-CDCs, and CDCs groups, respectively.

Conclusion

In this experimental model of severe post-MI ventricular dysfunction, the administration of the assayed advanced therapies does not seem to be clinically advantageous, although the use of secretome could slightly improve overall ventricular function.
Identification of clinical needs for the improvement of ai-assisted colonoscopy cad systems
Authors: Blas Pagador J , Sánchez Peralta Luisa F , del Nozal Jorge Bernal , Fernández Hugo López , Rodríguez Alba Nogueira , Piñón Pedro Davila , Cubiella Joaquín
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy have enabled the detection and classification of polyps using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in classification (CADx), and other clinical needs remain unaddressed.

Methods

To identify these needs, several meetings were held between expert groups with both clinical and technical backgrounds to recognise clinically relevant needs that are technically feasible.

Results

Some of the identified needs include: (i) identification of additional pathologies, such as diverticula or cancer invasion depth estimation; (ii) identification of the current location within the colon (including cecum identification); (iii) assessment of colon cleanliness and preparation quality (e.g., using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale), both locally and globally; (iv) development of an alert system to guide explorations and avoid unexplored areas; and (v) automatic generation of colonoscopy reports, including a count of polyps found during the examination.

Conclusion

Several clinically feasible needs have been identified for the improvement of current AI-assisted CAD systems, which could further enhance the quality of examinations and optimise clinical workflows.
A novel cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model using intraluminal filament in rabbit
Authors: Luca Cava V , Sánchez Margallo F M , García Rico R , Martín Rosado H , Moreno Lobato B , Bote Chacón J , Picado Román N , Sun F
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Stroke models are based on permanent or transient occlusion of cerebral arteries. Despite transient occlusion model tends to produce more variable results, it can investigate reperfusion. Although ischemia-reperfusion model is well established in rat using a silicone-filament by exposition of carotid artery, the endovascular approach in large animal is still a challenge. The purpose was to develop a novel cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rabbit using an intraluminal wire by means of an endovascular approach and subsequent assessed by MRI.

Methods

Four New Zealand rabbits (4-5 kg) underwent cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. A 4Fr introducer sheath was inserted into the femoral artery. Under fluoroscopy, a 4Fr Cobra catheter was placed into the common carotid artery. A 1.9Fr microcatheter was inserted coaxially into the internal carotid artery, and a 0.014” microwire was advanced into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Alternatively, the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was occluded through the vertebral artery when the above approach failed. After 1 hour, reperfusion was performed by withdrawing the microwire. MRI examinations were conducted from 1 to 3 hours later.

Results

Technical success was achieved in three out of four animals, with the MCA reached in two rabbits and the PCA in one. In the rabbit with technical failure, it was impossible to advance the microwire into either the MCA or PCA due to the tortuosity of the vessels and vasospasm.

Conclusion

Ischemia-reperfusion model in rabbit though an intraluminal wire may provide a new model using an endovascular approach for the earlier research of transient stroke.
Endovascular procedures for stroke in large animals: advantages and limitations
Authors: Luca Cava V , Sánchez Margallo Francisco M , García Rico R , Martín Rosado H , Sun F
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The translation of stroke research to clinical settings has been limited in recent decades. Large animal models offer advantages in translational stroke research, especially for the development of novel endovascular treatments. The species-specific cerebrovascular architecture can significantly influence the suitability of a stroke model. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of the endovascular approach to the cerebral vasculature in large animal models.

Methods

Four different species were selected, including dogs, rabbits, pigs, and sheep. Angiographies of the common carotid artery were performed to visualize the internal carotid artery (ICA) and, subsequently, to access the cerebral vasculature. Additionally, angiographies of the vertebral arteries were conducted as an alternative approach. Catheterization of the cerebral vasculature was attempted in each species.

Results

The endovascular approach to the cerebral vasculature was successfully achieved in rabbits and dogs through catheterization of the ICA. In contrast, in pigs and sheep, this endovascular access was hindered by the rete mirabile, a vascular network that connects the ICA to the cerebral vasculature. Alternatively, the vertebral artery approach was attempted but failed to reach the basilar artery due to the tortuosity of the vessels.

Conclusion

The dog and rabbit models were suitable for cerebral endovascular approaches. However, the use of dogs is limited due to ethical considerations, while rabbits provide a viable alternative for neurointerventional procedures. In contrast, stroke models in pigs or sheep are only feasible with external surgical approaches, as the endovascular route was not achievable.
Multi-omics perspective: mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury repair
Authors: Zhao Haibin , Zhang Zhigang , Liu Hongyu , Ma Mingxiu , Sun Peng , Zhao Yang , Liu Xun
Published: January 2025

In this review, we examine the significance of multi-omics technologies in understanding the plethora of intricate processes that activate gastrointestinal (GI) injury repair. Multi-omics, which includes genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, allows intricate mapping of cellular responses and molecular pathways involved in GI repair. We highlight the potential of multi-omics to discover previously unknown therapeutic targets or elucidate the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of GI. Furthermore, we explore the possibilities of integrating omics data to improve prediction models, and summarize the state-of-the-art technological developments and persisting obstacles that hinder the translation of multi-omics into clinical practice. Finally, innovative multi-omics approaches that can improve patient outcomes and advance therapeutic strategies in GI medicine are discussed.
When the Hegemon Seeks Ontological Security: US Narratives on Rising Threats and the Future of the International Order
Authors: Tekin Beyza Çağatay , Tekin Rıfat Barış
Published: January 2025

This article examines strategic narratives in the United States’ 2022 National Security Strategy (NSS) through the lens of ontological security theory. The analysis suggests that the US is challenged in its ontological security by the current state of the international order and the rapid evolution of the global economy into an unfamiliar entity, largely as a result of the destabilising actions of geopolitical rivals. The NSS proposes substantial changes to routinised relationships and economic restructuring to alleviate ontological insecurity and maintain a sense of stability. This includes the global relocation of production activities, new mechanisms for regulating technological progress, investment, and trade, and increased state activism and interventionism. Strategic narratives legitimise change by emphasising the US’ role as a system builder dedicated to preserving and enhancing the resilience of the international order and ensuring that proposed transformations align with neoliberal economic governance and operate through indirect interventions. The NSS is engaged in reshuffling and shifting the focus of some of the biographical narratives that define the US’ self-identity, emphasising different aspects of its nature and history. Strategic narratives play upon emotions such as feelings of grandeur, entitlement, responsibility, and nostalgia to facilitate change and address ontological insecurity.
OP36 Lusvertikimab, a first-in-class IL7 receptor antagonist, in moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study
Authors: Bourreille A , Kierkus J , Corallo F , Reinish W
Published: January 2025

Background

OSE127 lusvertikimab (L) is a first-in-class antagonist of IL-7R alpha chain developed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The study objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of L in patients (pts) with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study CoTikiS (NCT04882007).

Methods

Adults with moderately to severely active UC (modified Mayo score [MMS] 4-9) and inadequate response to conventional and/or failure to advanced therapies were randomised 1:1:1 in 3 treatment groups (placebo, L450 mg or L850 mg) administered intravenously at week 0 (W0), W2 and W6. L450mg was dropped at a prespecified futility analysis after 58 patients. It was later showed not futile.

The primary endpoint (PE) was the comparison between groups in changes of the MMS from baseline at W10. Key secondary endpoints were clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, endoscopic remission and changes in endoscopic activity by the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS). Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities were assessed for safety.

Results

There were no differences in demographic and disease characteristics between treatment groups (placebo n=49, L450 mg n=35 or L850 mg n=51). The PE was achieved: L450, L850 and pooled dose L450/L850 significantly reduced MMS at W10 as compared to placebo.

Key secondary endpoints were also improved by L450, L850 and pooled L450/L850 as compared to placebo. Significantly greater percentages of patients were in clinical remission (22%, 13.0% and 16.2% respectively vs 4.4% for placebo), had an endoscopic remission (34.7%, 19.4%, and 25% vs 12.6 % for placebo) and endoscopic improvement (44.6%, 24.3%, and 31.9% vs 12.6% for placebo) with L450. The UCEIS score was significantly improved with L450.

L450 and L850 were well tolerated. The most frequent adverse events for L450, L850 and placebo were lymphopenia (5.6%, 3.9% and 2% respectively), anaemia (2.8%, 0% and 4.1%), pyrexia (5.6%, 0%, 2%), UC exacerbation (2.8%, 3.9%, 6.1%) and Covid 19 (2.8%, 0%, 4.1%). Lymphopenia was of mild severity, transient and did not result in drug interruption, drug withdrawal or increased infection rate. No clinical or biological specific safety signal was reported.

Conclusion

Lusvertikimab, a pure IL-7 receptor antagonist, demonstrated its clinical and endoscopic efficacy in moderate to severe UC compared to placebo at week 10 with no clinically relevant safety signal. These positive findings support the further clinical development for treatment of UC to elaborate its potential place in the therapeutic armentarium of UC.
Invasive control and native restoration: Directing ecosystem transformation through purposeful food web manipulations
Authors: Mrnak Joseph T , Wilkinson Maxwel V , Sikora Logan W , Feucht Levi M , Mrnak Amber M , Vander Zanden M Jake , Sass Greg G
Published: January 2025

Ecosystems are abruptly changing due to invasive species and global climate change. In lakes, invasive Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax can cause negative ecosystem effects through competitive and predatory interactions with native species leading to food web shifts away from native species dominance, altered zooplankton communities, and the decline or extirpation of native cool and coldwater fishes. We conducted two whole-lake removals of invasive Rainbow Smelt and simultaneous introductions of native Cisco Coregonus artedi through stocking. About 327 and 1.6 adult Rainbow Smelt/ha were removed and about 45 adult Cisco/ha were stocked over 4 years into the two experimental lakes. In one system, native Yellow Perch Perca flavscens relative abundance and density significantly increased by 556% and 143% post-manipulation, respectively. In the other system, native Walleye Sander vitreus relative abundance increased by 26% and became consistently present in the pelagic zone post-manipulation (allowing for density estimation). Rainbow Smelt relative abundance and density decreased by >85% in both experimental lakes. The two ecosystems shifted to native species dominance while invasive Rainbow Smelt became insignificant components of the food webs. In these two intensive whole-lake manipulations, we applied the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) climate adaptation framework to test an applicable ecological adaptation strategy and used panarchy theory as an ecologically grounded pathway to purposefully direct ecosystem transformation. We used this holistic management framework to better understand and manage undesired ecological change—“food web thinking.” In the context of our study, two ecosystems were purposefully directed towards native food web structures, species interactions, and processes, which mitigated Rainbow Smelt driven negative effects.
Recovering the American horseshoe crab through a commitment to collaboration
Authors: Smith David R , Botton Mark L , Shin Paul K S
Published: January 2025

American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus populations are recovering because of cooperation among diverse stakeholders and data-driven collective action. Limulus polyphemus is one of four extant species facing common threats, and conservation successes and limitations hold lessons applicable to all the species. We review the advancement in management and monitoring over recent decades, discuss the current population status throughout the species’ range, and describe the potential future status and recovery based on recent assessments. In retrospect, L. polyphemus conservation has followed the frameworks promoted by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature: mobilize networks to increase assessment capacity, engage diverse stakeholders, measure impacts, and amplify successes. Data show significantly increased populations in the Delaware Bay region and improved status in the Northeast. The average abundance of adults in Delaware Bay over the recent decade (2013–2022) is more than twice that in the previous decade (2003–2012). In 2022, the abundances for adult females and males in the Delaware Bay population were estimated to be 16 million and 40 million, respectively. However, reversing persistent poor conditions in some regions and mitigating the widespread threat of habitat loss from coastal development and sea level rise will rely on collaboration among diverse stakeholders to build upon the current conservation successes. Scientists and conservationists working on the horseshoe crab species indigenous to Asia are advancing along a similar track, establishing a monitoring network and mobilizing diverse stakeholders. However, there is a need for capacity building for robust assessment of the species in Asia to measure the impact of conservation, just as that need remains unmet for L. polyphemus in the Gulf of Mexico. The importance of partnerships and collaborations is apparent in their absence. The regions where partnerships and collaborations among researchers, conservationists, and agency scientists do not exist are those where the capacity for monitoring and assessment is notably lacking.
Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV
Authors: Peters Brandilyn A , Xue Xiaonan , Hanna David B , Wang Yi , Wang Zheng , Sharma Anjali , Floris-Moore Michelle , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Alcaide Maria L , Sheth Anandi N , Topper Elizabeth F , Weber Kathleen M , Tien Phyllis C , Merenstein Daniel , Vásquez Elizabeth , Chen Yue , Mimiaga Matthew J , Stosor Valentina , Brown Todd T , Erlandson Kristine M , Dillon Stephanie M , Elsayed Noha S , Usyk Mykhaylo , Sollecito Christopher C , Kaplan Robert C , Burk Robert D , Qi Qibin
Published: January 2025

Background

Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods

16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Associations of age with gut microbiome diversity, uniqueness, and genus-level abundance were examined in women and men separately, followed by examining relationships of aging-related genera with frailty (Fried frailty phenotype) and mortality risk (Veterans Aging Cohort Study [VACS] index).

Results

Older age was associated with greater microbiome diversity and uniqueness, greater abundance of Akkermansia and Streptococcus, and lower abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, among others; findings were generally consistent by sex and HIV status. An aging-related microbiome score, generated via combination of 18 age-related genera, significantly increased with age in both women and men independently of demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors. In general, age was more strongly related to microbiome features (eg, diversity, microbiome score) in men without compared to with HIV, but age-microbiome associations were similar in women with and without HIV. Some age-related genera associated with healthy/unhealthy aging, such as Faecalibacterium (related to reduced frailty) and Streptococcus (related to higher VACS index).

Conclusions

Age is associated with consistent changes in the gut microbiome in both women and men with or without HIV. Some aging-related microbiota are associated with aging-related declines in health.