bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of smartphone usage on the median nerve
Authors: İLİK Faik , BÜYÜKGÖL Huseyin , EREN Fatma A. , İLİK Mustafa K. , KAYHAN Fatih , KÖSE Hatice
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of smartphone use on the median nerve. Materials and Methods: Participants were classified into three groups according to their smartphone use frequencies; high smartphone users (with Smartphone addiction scale (SAS) score of higher than 71), low smartphone users (SAS score less than 71) and classical type mobile phones users. The Visual analogue scale (VAS), quick-disabilities of arm, shoulder, hand (qDASH) and median nerve conductions of the participants were assessed. Groups were compared to each other as well as dominant and non-dominant hand nerve measurements of participants were also compared. Results: VAS and qDASH values were not significantly different between groups. It was observed that the rare use of smartphones affected the median nerve conductions in a lesser manner compared to the classical mobile phone use. However, using smart phone in an increasing rate influenced the median nerves adversely. Conclusion: Excessive use of smartphone can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome via affecting the median nerve. In recent decades, there has been a widespread use of smartphones even at the level of addiction. This should be noted while designing the smartphones and voice applications should be used more often.  Furthermore, it can be beneficial to follow up the median nerve conductions of patients who are addicted to smartphones with the help of electrophysiological studies
Attitudes of medical faculty students in Northern Cyprus towards mental illnesses
Authors: SÖNMEZ İpek , TOSUN Özgür , KÖŞGER Ferdi
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Medical students must not only gain knowledge and skills about recognition and management of mental problems, but they also must improve their attitudes and practices toward persons having mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the students in the Medical School of Near East University, which is the first medical school of Cyprus and composed of students from different cultures, toward mental illnesses.Materials and Methods: A total of 396 students (355 pre-clinical and 41 clinical) were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form and Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI) Scale were used to collect data. Results: The Dangerousness Subscale scores were significantly higher for students from TRNC and Turkey (22.33 ± 6.21), compared to the students from other nationalities (18.87 ± 5.20). However, the Incurability Subscale scores of the students from other nationalities (28.92 ± 9.31) were significantly higher compared to those from TRNC and Turkey (25.18 ± 9.19). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that there is no strong relationship between beliefs toward mental illnesses and sociodemographic features; however, culture plays a key role in perceived beliefs on mental illnesses.
Osteoporoz ile başvuran tanısı gecikmiş bir hipopituitarizm olgusu
Authors: Çetinkaya Altuntaş Seher , Evran Mehtap , Sert Murat , Tetiker Tamer
Published: February 2018

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Radicular dens invaginatus in second mandibular molar
Authors: Shanbhag Vagish Kumar L
Published: February 2018

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Araştırma görevlilerinin akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda bilgi ve farkındalıkları
Authors: KIROĞLU Olcay , BERKTAŞ Fatih , Şahan Eda , Karataş Yusuf
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde çalışan araştırma görevlisi doktorların akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde çalışan farklı uzmanlık alanlarından 128 araştırma görevlisi doktora anket çalışması uygulanarak oluşturulmuştur.  Ankette akılcı ilaç kullanımı bilgi ve tutumunu değerlendiren 42 soru bulunmaktadır. Bulgular: Ankette doktorların akılcı ilaç kullanımına yönelik bilgi ve tutumları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan asistan doktorlardan "Hastaya hastalığını ve nedenlerini anlatırım" diyenlerin oranı % 91.4’dür. "Hastaya tedavi uygulama gerekçelerini anlatırım" diyenlerin oranı % 83.6’dir. "Yazdığım ilaçlarla ilgili bilgi veririm" diyenlerin oranı % 84.6, "tedavi bilgilerini hastaya ya da yakınlarına tekrarlatırım" diyenlerin oranı % 46.9’dır. Doktorların %48.4’i ilaç fiyatlarına dikkat ederek ilaç seçtiğini belirtmiştir.  İlaçlarla ilgili güncel bilgi öğrenmede en sık vademekum (%80.5) kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç: Üçüncü basamak sağlık kuruluşunda yaptığımız çalışmada, doktorların akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda bazı uygulamalarda bilgi ve tutumlarının eksik olduğu görülmüştür.  Bu durum üçüncü basamakta çalışan araştırma görevlisi doktorlar için akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunun sürekli tıp eğitimi kapsamında güncellenerek devam etmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.
Lumbar spinal angiolipoma: bir olgu sunumu
Authors: KURAL RAHATLI Feride , ÖZYER Umut
Published: February 2018

Lomber spinal anjiyolipomlar ilerleyici spinal kord ve/veya sinir kökü bası semptomları ile ortaya çıkan, nadir görülen tümörlerdir. Kendine özgü sinyal özellikleri olması sayesinde manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile kesin tanı konulması mümkündür. Ancak bu tümörlerin çok nadir olmalarına bağlı olarak yanlış tanı konması olasıdır. Bu yazıda 53 yaşında, son 6 ayda bel ve her iki kalçada ağrısı belirgin artan kadın hastada bir lomber spinal anjiyolipom olgusu bildirilmiştir. MRG’ de keskin sınırlı, T1-ağırlıklı görüntülerde beyin omurilik sıvısına göre hiperintens, epidural yağ dokusuna göre hipointens kitle izlendi. Yağ baskılamalı sekanslarda kitlenin sinyalinin baskılandığı ve kontrast verilmesi sonrası kitlede yaygın kontrastlanma olduğu izlendi.
Düşük doz lidokain kullanımı sonrası gelişen lokal anestezik toksisitesi
Authors: GÜLÇİN URAL Sedef , AKTAY İNAL Meltem , BAKIR İsmail Hakkı
Published: February 2018

Periferik sinir bloklarında mortal komplikasyonlara neden olabilen lokal anestezikler, doğru anatomik bölgeye ve uygun dozda kullanıldığında oldukça güvenli ajanlardır. Lidokain hızlı etkisi sebebiyle ekstremite sinir blokları ve intravenöz rejyonel anestezide sıklıkla tercih edilir. Lipid emülsiyon infüzyonu, lokal anestezi toksisitesinin tedavisinde oldukça tatmin edicidir. Olgumuzda 1,5 mg/kg %2 lidokain ile yapılan intravenoz rejyonel anestezide gelişen toksisite ve 400 ml %20 lipid içeriğine sahip total parenteral nutrisyon ile yapılan tedavi yaklaşımını sunmayı amaçladık.
Zaburzenia osobowości: krótkie wprowadzenie historyczne
Authors: Popiel Agnieszka , Keegan Eduardo
Published: February 2018

In this paper we aim to portray the evolution of the understanding, classification and diagnosis of personality disorders. We analyze the characteristics of normal and abnormal personality in the light of the debate about the nature of mental disorders. A brief historical outline of the conceptualization of personality disorders is followed by a description of the evolution of contemporary diagnostic systems. The limitations and problems of these systems are analyzed.
Lokalizacja zaburzeń osobowości w Kołowym Modelu Metacech Osobowości
Authors: Zawadzki Bogdan
Published: February 2018

The aim of the paper was to characterize personality disorders in terms of the dimensions of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM) developed by Strus, Cieciuch, and Rowiński. It was expected that personality disorders characterized by the profiles of traits from the five-factor model of personality (FFM) would be located in the sector delimited by poles Gamma- and Delta- and including pole Alfa-. The author analyzed data collected in a sample of 2,284 subjects tested by means of the NEO-FFI and three other instruments: the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), and the TALEIA-400A questionnaire (Test for AxiaL Evaluation and Interview for Clinical, Personnel, and Guidance Applications) for the assessment of personality disorders as well as compared them with the data from the meta-analysis by Saulsman and Page (2004) concerning the relations between personality disorders and FFM traits. The obtained correlations confirmed the research expectations. In Discussion, the author points out the heuristic value of the CPM for differentiating the norm from pathologies, which includes the differential diagnosis of personality disorders.
Konsep Kecerdasan Emosional dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Masruroh Anisatul
Published: February 2018

Kecerdasan emosi adalah sebuah istilah umum, akan tetapi jika dikaji lebih dalam dan dipelajari isinya sebenarnya bukanlah hal baru. Dalam pengajaran Islam sendiri sudah termaktub dalam pendidikan seperti kesadaran diri (QS. Az Zumara: 15), pengendalian diri (QS. Al Hadid: 23), ketekunan, antusiame, motivasi diri (QS. Thaaha: 67-68 ), empati kepada sesama (QS. An Nur: 2), dan kemampuan sosial (QS. Al Hujurat: 13). Inti yang ingin didapatkan adalah bagaimana seseorang itu mengetahui, menguasai, dan mengontrol emosi yang biasanya merujuk kepada perilaku kedewasaan seseorang yang biasanya disebut kecerdasan emosi. Kaitan konsep kecerdasan emosi dan konsep pendidikan islam telah terlihat pada level kaitan kontrol diri dan relasi sosial antar manusia. Akan tetapi tidak bisa dipunkiri bahwa konsep kecerdasan emosi memiliki beberapa kekurangan dalam kaitannya dengan perkembangan dan peningkatan nilai penghambaan kepada Allah Emotional intelligence is indeed a relative term but when examined more deeply and study the actual contents are not considered new. In the Islamic teaching itself are included in the development of Islamic education such as self-awareness (QS. Az Zumara: 15), self-control (QS. Al Hadid: 23), perseverance, enthusiasm, motivation to self (QS. Thaaha: 67-68 ), empathy toward others (QS. An Nur: 2), and social skills (QS. Al Hujurat: 13). The procession in essence is resulted to how a person will know, master and control emotions all of which are often referred to maturity attitude of person namely emotional intelligence. The linkage concept of emotional intelligence to the concept of Islamic education has been seen at the level of the relationship of self (self-control) and social relations between human (horizontal). But it cannot deny that the concept of emotional intelligence has some shortcomings on several matters relating to the development and increase the value of devotion to God Almighty. Kata kunci: kecerdasan emosi, perspektif, pendidikan Islam
Implementasi Manajemen Diri Mahasiswa dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Jazimah Hanum
Published: February 2018

Manajemen diri berarti menempatkan segala sesuatu secara teratur dalam hidup, dalam penggunaan waktu, pilihan, kepentingan, kegiatan, serta dalam keseimbangan fisik dan mental. Ini juga berarti mendorong diri untuk maju, mengatur semua unsur pribadi, mengendalikan potensi kemauan untuk mencapai hal-hal yang baik, dan mengembangkan berbagai aspek kehidupan pribadi untuk membuatnya lebih sempurna. Syarat pertama untuk semua mahasiswa untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan mereka adalah motivasi diri. Kedua, organisasi diri, menyiapkan sebaik mungkin terhadap pikiran, tenaga, waktu, tempat, benda dan semua sumber daya lainnya dalam kehidupan seseorang sehingga mahasiswa mencapai efisiensi pribadi. Sehingga peran ganda sebagai mahasiswa dan pekerja dapat berjalan beriringan. Dari pengakuan informan tentang mahasiswa  yang menerapkan strategi pembelajaran dalam hal memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri menunjukkan bahwa ada sejumlah mahasiswa yang sadar bahwa manajemen diri yang baik akan membawa keuntungan bagi mereka. Divisi waktu antara kuliah dan kegiatan lainnya tidak terganggu, jadwalnya menjadi terorganisir, kegiatan kemahasiswaan dan kegiatan lainnya tidak terganggu, bisa mengatur belajar, serta mampu mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi. Self management  means putting everything on a regular basis in life, in the use of time, choice, interests, activities, as well as in the physical and mental balance. It also means pushing self to get ahead, arrange all the elements of the personal, controlling potential willingness to accomplish good things, and develop various aspects of private life to make it more perfect. The first requirement for all students to achieve their education goals is self-motivation. Secondly, self organization is setting up as well as possible against the thought, effort, time, places, objects and all other resources in one's life so that students achieved personal efficiency. So that his dual role as students and workers can go hand in hand. From recognition of the informant about the students apply learning strategies in regards to qualify themselves indicate that there are a number of students who are aware of a good self management will bring a profit for them. Among them, the Division of time between lectures and other activities are not interrupted, his schedule became organized, as students and other activities are not disrupted, could set out the lesson, as well as being able to tackle the problems facing it.            Kata kunci: managemen diri, mahasiswa, peran ganda
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui Kegiatan Cinta Alam
Authors: Saputro Eko
Published: February 2018

Pemahaman siswa terhadap kegiatan cinta alam kabupaten SMA Negeri I Pabelan Semarang sangat rendah. Pemahaman mereka dalam partisipasi dalam kegiatan hanyalah untuk bersenang-senang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kesadaran anak didik itu sendiri mengenai arti kegiatan organisasi cinta alam dan tujuannya hanya terbatas pada partisipasi rekreasi dan melarikan diri dari keluarga, jauh dari orang tua. Penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam melalui cinta alam SMU Negeri I Pabelan Kabupaten Semarang hanya memberikan materi tentang kegiatan petualangan atau olahraga petualangan di luar ruangan; hal ini disebabkan keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang nilai-nilai ajaran agama melalui cinta alam dan wacana di lingkungan Pembina. Faktor lain adalah latar belakang Pembina itu sendiri yang bukan anggota organisasi pecinta alam. Pembina tidak pernah berpartisipasi dalam pendidikan dasar tentang cinta alam dan petualangan. The students understanding in the love nature activities of SMA Negeri I Pabelan Semarang district is very low. Their understanding in participation in the activities is merely for the fun. It is caused by several factors, one of which is a protégé of consciousness itself within the meaning of organizational activity love nature and purpose are limited to participation on refreshing and escape from family, away from the parents. Planting educational values of Islam through love of nature SMU Negeri I Pabelan Semarang District is just giving material about a credible form of adventure or adventurous sport outdoors; this is caused the limited knowledge about the values of religious teachings through love of nature and discourses on the environment of Trustees. The other factor is the background of Trustees itself rather than the organization or the nature lovers of Trustees has never participated in basic education about love the nature and adventure. Kata kunci: nilai pendidikan Islam, cinta alam, Esspala
Pendidikan Islam dalam Masyarakat Madani Indonesia
Authors: Charis Irfan , Nuryansah Mohamad
Published: February 2018

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan konsep, gagasan dan pola pendidikan Islam dalam masyarakat madani di Indonesia, dengan berpijak pada konsep pendidikan dan masyarakat madani dari aspek kesejarahan dan kenabian untuk memetakan konsep pendidikan Islam pada masyarakat madani Indonesia pada konteks kekinian dan masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskriptif analitis dengan mengkaji referensi yang bersumber dari perpustakaan. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa masyarakat madani Indonesia mengacu kepada konsep masyarakat madaniyah yang dikembangkan oleh Rasulullah, yakni masyarakat yang memiliki keadaban demokrasi, bertakwa kepada Allah SWT, yang seimbang antara dimensi fikir (iptek) dan dimensi dzikir (imtaq),  dan mampu menyelaraskan dimensi Abdun, sebagai makhluk Allah yang tanpa daya dan dimensi Khalifah, sebagai pemimpin di muka bumi. Sehingga melahirkan sosok manusia yang dalam istilah al-Quran disebut sebagai Ulul Albab. Berangkat dari terbentuknya pribadi-pribadi yang Ulul Albab tersebut maka akan terbentuk sebuah komunitas yang dikenal dengan masyarakat madani Indonesia. This paper aims to map concepts, ideas and patterns of Islamic education in civil society in Indonesia, with rests on the concept of education and civil society from the historical aspect and the prophetic to map the concept of Islamic education in Indonesia's civil society in the context of the present and future. This research uses descriptive analytical method to assess references source from the library. It was concluded Indonesian civil society refers to the concept of Madaniyah society developed by the Prophet, the people who have the civility of democracy, fear Allah SWT, which is balanced between the fikr dimension (Science and Technology) and the dhikr dimension (imtaq), and able to harmonize the abdun dimension, as a creature of God is without power and the dimensions of the Caliph, as a leader on earth. It will create the human figure in terms of the Koran referred to as Ulul Albab. Departing from the formation of Ulul Albab, it will form a community known by the Indonesian civil society. Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Islam, Madani
The role of career women on children’s worship education in Boyolali
Authors: Zaman Badrus
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to understand the role of career women in teaching worship education to their children amid their work. It is a descriptive qualitative research which is conducted in January-March 2017. Career women who have school-aged children in Jatiroto village are the subjects in this study, while their husbands, children and neighbors pose as the informants. The data are collected by interview, observation and documentation. Triangulation is used to validate the data. They are analysed with interactive models include four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results show that the roles of career women (mothers) toward children’s whorship education are a) the educational backgrounds of career women consist of the degrees of Islamic High School (Madrasah Aliyah) and Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren) so that they can educate children in daily basis worship despite having dual roles, b) career women show a good attitude and become models in any aspects especially worship, c) the environment created by the career women in their family is very comfortable and suitable with the needs of children. Keywords: roles of career women, children’s worship education AbstrakTujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran wanita karier dalam memberikan pendidikan ibadah pada anak-anaknya ditengah-tengah kesibukannya berkarier. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari-Maret 2017. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita karier yang memiliki anak usia sekolah dasar yang ada di dusun Jatiroto, sedangkan untuk informannya adalah suami, anak dan tetangga. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Trianggulasi. Adapun teknik analisis data dengan model interaktif meliputi empat tahap, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa Peran wanita karier (ibu) terhadap pendidikan ibadah anak adalah a) latar belakang pendidikan wanita karier (ibu) terdiri dari Lulusan Madrasah Aliyah dan Pesantren sehingga dapat mendidik anak dalam hal ibadah sehari-hari walaupun memiliki peran ganda, b) wanita karier (ibu) menunjukkan sikap yang baik dan dapat menjadi teladan dalam segala hal khususnya dalam hal ibadah sehingga bisa menjadi model bagi anak, c) lingkungan yang diciptakan wanita karier (ibu) dalam keluarga sangat nyaman dan cocok dengan kebutuhan anak.  Kata kunci: peran wanita karir, pendidikan ibadah anak
Golf Tourism: A Research Profile and Security Perceptions in Belek, Antalya, Turkey.
Authors: Aksu Akın , Uçar Ömür , Kılıçarslan Doğuş
Published: February 2018

Our study aim to determine the current profile of sampled golf tourists visiting Belek, Antalya in high season and their perceptions of security using questionnaires to survey golf tourists in the sample were evaluated separately. The sample consisted of a survey profile of 280 golf tourists and their responses regarding security perceptions for Belek, Antalya. Chi-square testing and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Despite some negative developments in Turkey (such as terrorist attacks), the majority of golf tourists still remain satisfied and motivated to recommend the destination to others. The results of the study would be of help for tourism professionals, academicians and decision makers especially in developing future marketing strategies for Belek. 
Redesigning Scenarios and Defining Business Opportunities
Authors: BÜTÜNER Hakan
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to help businesses to define their business opportunities that are most attractive and feasible for them by using newly developed practical techniques. It is intended to find the factors that would affect and change the outlook mostly in the current status and anticipated future, based on the results obtained from environmental analysis. In short, using the trends to be revealed by the environmental analysis, it is possible to anticipate how the field of business in which we operate or plan to enter will evolve in the future. The status is reviewed according to the assumptions and the results to be obtained are evaluated. Thus, assumptions are grouped under various scenarios, their potential impacts on the industry are identified, and the potential status in the industry is defined. In conclusion, taking into consideration the characteristics of the business that offer competitive advantages, the potential opportunities for the business in the industry are identified. Another intention here is to provide strategic planners an easily understandable and applicable comprehensive procedure by assembling the disconnected and disorderly ideas, processes and techniques.
Tax Stories from South Anatolia
Authors: Sert Mesut
Published: February 2018

In this research, the data obtained from the oral history interviews with both sides – tax payer peasants and tax collectors – are used to interpret how tax relations work and how this process is perceived by the tax payer.  Based on the idea that nicknames might offer a more realistic framework in this sense, the nicknames given to tax collectors, such as Rıza of the Cliff (Uçurumlu Rıza), Mustafa the Angel (Melek Mustafa), the Slender Tyrant (İnce Zalım), and the Black/Yellow Hell (Kara/Sarı Cehennem), are  believed to be a representative of the relationship between both parties. Never published before in another medium, the story of Süleyman, the Butcher (Kasap Süleyman) is also hereby introduced into field literature.  
Evaluating Nigeria Cashless Policy Implementation
Authors: Ewa Kket Eko , Ina Egu Usang
Published: February 2018

The Central Bank of Nigeria introduced cashless policy initiative to accomplish two main macro-socio-economic policy objectives of increased convenience and greater financial inclusion in Nigeria. This study evaluates Nigeria cashless policy implementation using a four point Likert scale questionnaire administered to six hundred respondents. The results of the study show that the twin policy objectives investigated were partially achieved. Also the study reveals that social infrastructures in power and telecommunications need improvement and expansion and the need to create more awareness to encourage the unbanked to embrace banking culture. This study recommends vigorous investments on cyber security, strengthening of internet protocol and controls in the banks and enactment of relevant legislative laws to curb cybercrimes.   
The European Crisis Without End: The Consequences of European Monetary Integration
Authors: Ewaida Haytham Yousef
Published: February 2018

This study tackles the Euro-Zone sovereign debts through recognizing the crisis origins, reasons, and the stages it has gone through to decide on its financial and economic effects and the approaches to deal with these effects. The study concludes that there is a real crisis at the European monetary system mechanism besides a lack of any implementable mechanism regarding growth and convergence among the Euro-Zone countries. Add to that the absence of a united financial policy for these countries. The study has approached some recommendations among which: the necessity to expedite the adoption of a united financial policy for all the Euro-Zone countries, the necessity to activate the role of the European Central Bank, the necessity to create mechanisms that can confront any emerging crises in the future.
Value Chain and Performance in Agro Allied Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Peter Roko Lumi
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the impact of value chain on the performance of Agro Allied SMEs in Sokoto State. The concept of value chain is too board and some managers are confused on the right value chain activities to choose and apply in their business. Using point time data collected from primary source with the used of questionnaire and applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) finding reveals that there is significant relation between value chain and performance of Agro Allied SMEs in Sokoto State. Other findings primary activities of value chain contribute significantly to the performance of Agro SMEs in Sokoto State and secondary activities of value chain contribute significantly to the performance of Agro SMEs in Niger State. Results recommends that Agro SMEs in Sokoto State should continue to improve on primary and secondary activities of value chain since it contributes significantly to the performance of Agro SMEs in Sokoto State.
Impact of Social Media on Public leadership: A case-study of Public Officials in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Haider Sajjad , Yanru Zhu , Yunxin Fan
Published: February 2018

This study explores the changing leadership role of executives in public sector organizations in Lanzhou city (China) in response to new developments and innovations in organizational and social life. As the internet and technology has transformed the workplaces, so do the managing and leading; and this is one of the crippling challenge for the leadership. Gone are the days of conventional motivational tactics; employees of today are more informed, knowledgeable and smarter than ever before; they can be better enticed through the power of social media.  The study involves gleaning empirical data from the mid and upper-mid career officers working in various public sector departments. The findings show that the public officials cannot stay away from the social media and use it frequently at workplaces to connect with their friends and family, and to lesser extent for the organizational purposes, and they adopt the transformational leadership style. The findings of this study are useful to help understand leadership styles adopted by the public sector officials and how the social media impacts their work behavior.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Influencing Employee Motivation: Lessons from AMREF Health Africa in Kenya
Authors: Nyambegera Stephen Morangi , Gicheru Caroline Njambi
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence employee motivation in Kenyan Organizations. The study was guided by the following research questions: (i) what are the extrinsic factors that influence employee motivation in AMREF Health Africa in Kenya? (ii) what intrinsic factors influence employee motivation in AMREF Health Africa in Kenya? A descriptive research design was adopted. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 96 respondents. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers.  A set of descriptive and correlation statistics were adopted for analysis. The study identified several intrinsic factors that influence employee motivation. These included employee achievements, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement, salary structure, the level to which the employees feel appreciated, and the employee perception of their jobs among other factors. The study further, established that the intrinsic factors that influence employee motivation include empowerment and autonomy, employees’ view of their work, organization trust, skill variety requirements among others. The study recommends that the organization should acknowledge and make use of a proper mix of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in their human resource management practices to ensure that employees are well motivated to perform their tasks.
Role & Impact of Interest Rate in Jordan’ Economy from Points of View of Banking Managers
Authors: Alaraj REEM SAHER
Published: February 2018

The research aimed at investigating the role, impact and determinants of interest rate in Jordanian economy from view points of banking managers in Jordan. The methodology is descriptive and analytical using mean, standard deviation, t-test and percentages as statistical tools. The study concluded that the role of interest rate in Jordanian monetary policy is restricted by two factors: pegging JD with US$ which limits the effective role of interest rate in Jordanian monetary policy and the dual banking system of traditional and Islamic banks where Islamic banks do not deal with Interest rate. Raising interest rate in Jordan caused higher cost of credit for companies, less competitiveness of exports, less liquidity in the economy, higher profit margin for banks, higher exchange rate of JD and higher inflation. Nevertheless, lowering interest rate in Jordan caused lower cost of borrowing, higher liquidity, better competitiveness of exports and more credit facilities by banks but inflation was much lower. Moreover, the study concluded the determinants of interest rate in Jordan are money supply, demand for money, inflation and economic conditions. In order to have an effective role for interest rate in monetary policy, the researcher recommends pegging JD to a basket of currencies. 
A Socio-Cultural Study Of Negative Portrayals Of Masculinity In The Yorùbá Oral Literature: Yorùbá Proverbs As A Case Study
Authors: Agbaje James Bode
Published: February 2018

The negative portrayal of masculinity has been thoroughly attempted in this paper. The Yoruba proverbs were selected for analysis because it cuts across the length and breadth of the Yorubaland. The genre is rendered by both men and women in the society. It is established in this paper that men are not left out of various social misconducts which are capable of disorganizing the love, peace and unity that are expected of normal socio-cultural setting, not only in the Yorubaland but also in the world at large. Therefore, this paper concludes that men are liable to social ills in the society like their female counterparts.
Effectiveness of Critical Thinking Skills for English Literature Study with Reader Response Theory: Review of Literature
Authors: Qamar Farah
Published: February 2018

Since Socrates’ time, reasoning is considered valuable for the justification of speaker’s belief along with Thomas Aquinas’ testing of his thinking to answer his own thinking. Critical thinking has been part of discussion among the educators for its significance and application for last many decades. Many educators have conducted researches on the assessment of critical thinking within a domain or across the domain in order to test students’ critical thinking skills and its effect on their learning. Similarly, critical thinking is highly valuable for the study of literature as it explicitly asked for learners’ beliefs, perceptions, and judgments in order to remove the ambiguity of thought. Perfection of thought can be achieved with the use of critical thinking skills while training of mind needs interaction between literary text and the reader as literature has the capacity to achieve mental traits specified to critical thinking. Accordingly, this report presents a relationship between critical thinking skills and English literature study along with reader response theory techniques considering that without the use of critical thinking skills and reader response theory, study of literature is haphazard hence for the application of reader response theory, literary text is inevitable. In essence, I aim to highlight the effectiveness of critical thinking skills for the study of literature while emphasizing the significance of reader response theory which is also inevitable for the study of literature and for the use of critical thinking skills.
Reading Comprehension Ability Vis-A-Vis Demographics, Reading Materials, And Time Spent In Reading
Authors: Tibus Erlinda D. , Pobadora Roinasol L.
Published: February 2018

This paper aimed to investigate the reading comprehension ability of Grade VI Pupils of Tomas Oppus Central School and find out the possible variables associated with this ability. The study used a descriptive-correlational design.  Findings revealed that gender, time spent in reading, and availability of reading materials at home were significantly related to two higher levels of comprehension: interpretive and applied while the lowest level of comprehension was significantly related to age and family income.  
In Defense of American Drama
Authors: Al-Ibia Salim Eflih
Published: February 2018

A colleague of mine claimed that he read somewhere that a former secretary of the Swedish Institute, which awards the Nobel prizes— commented that American writers were less likely to win the award since their work was isolated and not representative of universal experience. But Eugene O’Neil and other American playwrights were named Nobel Laureates. Thus, I write this article in defense of the universality of American drama. Beginning with a discussion of what might be regarded as defining elements of universality as it has been rendered in literature, and more specifically how it operates to make drama relevant and significant for world literature, I examine the work of prominent American playwrights as Arthur Miller, O’Neil, Tennessee Williams, Susan Glaspell, and Edward Albee. I argue that their work establishes a precedent for American drama as a particularly representative expression of aspects of a universal human condition. I relate their work to universal contexts. I shed light on the historical background of some of the plays discussed to argue that American writers are no less talented than other international playwrights who dramatized some historical precedents in their work and their plays present no less universal aspects. 
Comics Journalism and Fine Art: War, Massacre, and The Individual, in works of Pieter Bruegel, Joe Sacco and Otto Dix
Authors: Owj Sara
Published: February 2018

As a pioneer of Comics Journalism, Joe Sacco’s works have been linked to conflict studies, migration, education, and so on. But despite references that Sacco makes to 16th Century master painter, Pieter Bruegel, and 20th century New Objectivity painter Otto Dix in his interviews, there have been few studies on the potential link between comics of Sacco and works of these masters of fine art. In this study I explore this connection by examining the questions of war, individuality and portrayal of massacre in paintings of Bruegel and Dix and journalistic comics of Sacco. My greater aim is to demonstrate the potential of further comparative studies between arts and comics journalism, especially between Renaissance and modern artists.  
A Theoretical Discourse on the Mediatisation and Framing of Jos Ethno-Religious Conflicts
Authors: Danaan Godfrey Naanlang
Published: February 2018

Studies on the role of journalists in the Jos ethno- religious conflicts are enormous, but none examines this phenomenon through the theoretical lenses of mediatisation and news framing to understand the logic that underpins the construction of conflict narratives. While mediatisation describes media logic in news production, news framing suggests the way the narratives which constitute news are constructed. Both theories explain journalistic practices in many respects. For instance, understanding media logic is the first step in identifying journalists’ role in the Jos conflicts which in turn determines the brand of journalism they adopt.The Jos conflicts involve a ‘settler’ group craving for recognition and legitimacy on the one hand, and a group of ‘indigenes’ that insists the territory is its inheritance on the other. Based on critical analysis, this paper argues that journalists impose media logic on their audiences through news framing and make them to understand reality from their own point of view. This effort is a new thinking towards understanding theoretical dimensions to media and/or journalistic interventions in the Jos violent conflicts so that researchers may build on these frameworks.  
An Analysis of the Needs of Korean EFL Learners in the Collegiate Level
Authors: Lee Young-Suk , Villacorta Pamela
Published: February 2018

This study aims to identify the learning needs and preferences of Korean EFL learners in the collegiate level studying at a university in Korea. The result of this study indicates that the respondents feel, among the four macro skills of English, speaking and writing are as equally difficult skills to master. These were followed by reading and listening, respectively. Also as the goal of English learning, the respondents answered getting a high score in such tests as TOEIC and TOEFL. As the effective strategies to learn English, the respondents consider immediate correction of mistakes in speaking and writing and using English as a method of instruction to be effective learning methods. On the other hand, the usage of the Korean language to teach English and the intensive grammar classes are considered as unhelpful in English learning. 
An Analysis of Conversational Implicature in Nirvana in Fire from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle
Authors: Guo Fang , Li Xin
Published: February 2018

    American linguistic philosopher P.Grice believes that in all the language communication activities, there is a tactic understanding between speakers and hearers to achieve a specific goal; and both sides should abide by the principle, that is Cooperative Principle. The Cooperative Principle includes four maxim: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.

    In people’s daily life, they do not always follow the Cooperative Principle during the communication. When they violate one of the maxim of the Cooperative Principle, there has the implicature. And only when the hearer shares the same knowledge with the speaker, the communication could moves smoothly.

    In recent years, a variety of subjects Chinese TV series emerge . Especially, the historical TV plays become more and more popular around the world. Nirvana in Fire which was released in 2015 is well received. This story revolves around a young man Lin Shu who is devoted to revenging for his father and Chi Yan Army. The plots are ups and downs and at the same time the dialogue between the characters is also very characteristic.

    In this thesis, the author mainly uses the theory of Cooperative Principle and implicature to analyze the dialogue in Nirvana in Fire. By analyzing the selected examples, we can better understand the character, the plot and the theme .

    Due to the limitation of the material and the current competence of the author, the selected examples are mainly classical examples. In case study, the author analyzes the every maxims of violating the Cooperative Principle to help the readers better understand the characteristics of the characters and the development of the plot. Meanwhile, the author also hopes to help the readers know more about Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature.

    Key words:  Nirvana in Fire, Dialogue, The violation of maxims, Cooperative Principle, Conversational Implicature
The Generative Process of Professional and Personal Development of Cognitive-Behavioural Clinical Psychologists in Training through the Inclusion of Strategies of Expressive Arts: A Qualitative Analysis and Comparison
Authors: Bertelli Rosangela
Published: February 2018

Starting out from the perspective that art is in fact a process and not simply the creation of objects neither the creation’s final products, the present article reports a qualitative analysis, examination and comparison of the subjective nature of the generative process experienced with the inclusion of strategies of expressive arts, described and interpreted by two cognitive-behavioural clinical psychologists in training, both knowledgeable of the principles of cognitive-behavioural model of learning. Does the nature of the psychologists in training subjective experiences with the inclusion of strategies of expressive arts, as reported during their training of professional and personal development, share features and effects? Results revealed similar generative processes guiding towards the development of abilities to focus on the identification and contemplation of automatic thoughts. Such abilities facilitated the grasping of the mechanics of the cognitive-behavioural intervention and also triggered a beneficial sense of well-being during the course of training.
A Corpus-based Study of English Vocabulary in Art Research Articles
Authors: Wang Ping
Published: February 2018

The learning of English as a foreign language is an additional burden for art majors. This study aimed to examine high frequency words in art research articles to improve the efficiency of art majors’ English learning, especially their academic reading and writing. For this aim, the study built a corpus, analyzed data from art research articles and compared data with three base word lists. We found that the General Service List (GSL) and the Academic Word List (AWL) had a high coverage in our corpus, and there was a different high frequency word order in the Art Research Article Corpus (ARAC). These findings provide some implications for teaching English for art majors.  
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity of Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case Report
Authors: Boas Nayara R. A. V. , Cizino Alessandra G. , Regueiro Eloisa M. G. , Alves Sueli A. , Verri Edson D. , Silva Gabriel P. , Taube Oswaldo S. , Regalo Simone C. H. , Fabrin Saulo C. V.
Published: February 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An elderly male patient participated in the pulmonary rehabilitation program and was evaluated before and after intervention. This program consisted of four phases: stretching, aerobic exercises, resistance training and relaxation.  The physical activities were provided three times a week on alternate days, for 4 months, totaling 48 sessions. The results obtained after the rehabilitation program showed improvement in the physical functional capacity of the patient measured by the six-minute walk test (Pre=480; Post=540m). The maximal inspiratory pressure values increased (Pre=-60; Post=-120cmH2O) whereas the maximal expiratory pressure values remained the same (Pre=50; Post=50cmH2O). Therefore, the respiratory rehabilitation program has improved functional capacity and inspiratory muscle strength.
The study of incidence of post operative delirium in geriatric patients who needed prolonged ICU stay after undergoing a major cardiac surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajeev Dr A. , Paul Dr G. , S Dr Sunil K , Vijayakumar Dr P.
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Delirium, defined as an acute disorder of attention and global cognitive function  is a common, serious and potentially preventable source of morbidity and mortality in  hospitalized elderly patients.  Different studies have shown that prolonged post operative ICU stay contributes to occurrence of delirium
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of post operative delirium in elderly patients who needed prolonged ICU stay after  undergoing a major cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study, Study Period: 1 ½ years. Using a prepared questionnaire after obtaining fully informed written consent. 3 visits for each patient: 1) before surgery, 2) in the ICU: 48 hours after surgery and 3) In ward after shifting out from ICU. Prolonged ICU stay was defined as admission more than 3 days in ICU. The details from nursing staff and care givers were taken.
RESULTS: Out of total 250 patients included in the study, 43 (17.2%) patients developed post operative delirium. 32 (26%) out of 19 patients who needed prolonged ICU stay developed post operative delirium compared to 11 (8.7%) out of 116 patients who spent less than 3 days in ICU in post operative period. (p Value: <0.001). Prolonged ICU stay contributes to post operative delirium and measures have to be instituted to shift out the patient from ICU at the earliest after stabilization.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Devi Junu
Published: February 2018

Introduction- Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in salivary gland neoplasms.
Materials and method – this is a crossectional study provides analysis of 82 salivary neoplasms out of 244 salivary FNAC during the period September 2011 to august 2014. All non neoplastic lesions were excluded from the study.All age group and both sex were included. FNAC results were  reviewed, the morphology of individual cells and their patterns in the smears were studied  in detail  and diagnosis were made. Histopathological studies were done whenever possible and were considered the gold standard.
Results – The study included 82 cases, male to female ratio was 1.2 :1 ; commonly involved age group was 20 to 40 years. Fiftyfive cases (67.07%) were diagnosed as benign, 27 cases (32.93%) as malignant tumors. Pleomorphic  adenoma(59.76%) was most common benign neoplasms and mucoepidermoid carcinoma(23.17%) was most common malignant neoplasms. Parotid was most frequently involved gland(63.41%).Benign tumors common in parotid gland malignant tumors common in submandibular gland.Diagnostic accuracy was found to be 94.87% with false negative rate 5.1%.
Conclusion – FNAC of salivary gland proved to be  a highly accurate initial diagnostic test for preoperative evaluation of salivary neoplasms.
Addressing Excluded Sections through Sustainable Financing Policy Drives: Bangladesh Context
Authors: Shah Dr. Pinki
Published: February 2018

Financial inclusion could perform as a major force for the reduction of poverty by reducing inequalities. There are evidences that a small loan, a savings account or a micro insurance policy can make great difference to a low-income individual or a family. In addition, access to financial services is often viewed as essential factors to ensure participation of common people in the activities of the economy. The paper is about examining the sustainable finance initiatives of Bangladesh in the financial sector to address the vulnerable sections of the country. The paper identified certain barriers that are required to be addressed to draw expected outcomes.