bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic Analysis of Deixis in a Religious Text
Authors: Abdulameer T. A. Suhair Adil
Published: March 2019

This research tackles the pragmatic analysis of deixis in a religious text. It aims at: 1) Identifying and showing the occurrences of deixis in the religious text. 2) Finding out the most dominant type of deixis in the text. 3) Analyzing the reasons behind using these types of deixis and how they affect the audience who hear or read the speech. The source of data was taken from a religious lecture presented by Imam John Starling at Queens College in 22/10/2014 about imaan (faith) which is taken as a sample. The procedure followed in this research was reading and writing down the deictic expressions: person, place and time deixis. The findings showed that person deixis occurred for 202 times, place deixis for 11 times and time deixis for 6 times only, which indicates that the most dominant type is person deixis. After analyzing the three types of deixis in this text, the researcher has concluded that the reason behind the frequent use of person deixis could be due to the particularity of the religious texts which are centered on the Divine Entity, thus the speakers/writers always making a reference to God by using the third person pronoun ‘He’. In addition, this kind of texts is usually about guidance and advice, therefore, the pronoun ‘You’ also occurs frequently to address the audience directly and to draw their attention. And since the adviser (imam) wants to make his audience feel that he belongs to them and shares with them the same destiny, he used the pronouns ‘We’ and ‘Us’. In return, place and time deixis are very few in this text and occurred mostly during narrating some stories and setting some examples.
A Deictic Analysis of Pakistan’s National Identity Representation in the Indigenous English Newspapers
Authors: Khaliq Faiqa A. , García María Isabel Maldonado
Published: March 2019

The goal set for the present study is to investigate the temporal and spatial deixis which are used to represent and build the national identity of Pakistan in the two leading indigenous English newspapers. The study investigates how the WAR and NATION frames are used in the opinion articles of The News and DAWN to project the negative image of Pakistan by using temporal and spatial deixis. The data collection is based on the ten years of opinion articles from 2007–2017. The political situation of Pakistan in the year 2007 was crucial and it is marked as a step towards the revival of civilian democracy through the announcement of general election in Pakistan during the ongoing war on terror. Purposive sampling technique is used in the selection of data. The theoretical foundation is based on the Anderson’s (1991) Imagined community. The empirical framework is based on Harts’ (2014) Critical Cognitive Discourse Analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. Antconc is used to generate the frequencies and concordance lines of the text. The data analysis shows that journalists mostly projected the negative image of Pakistan by utilizing different deixis and by linking the events of past from shared memories with the present and the future events by conceptualizing WAR and NATION Frames.
Representation of Gender Through Framing: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hillary Clinton’s Selected Speeches
Authors: Kanwal Safina , García Maria Isabel Maldonado
Published: March 2019

Foucault’s theory of power and discourse has opened new horizons in the various fields of linguistics. It has brought the working of the power of discourse into the focus of research. Critical Discourse Analysis looks at this relationship between language and power. Language is taken as a patent tool for exerting power and for building identity (Foucault, 1998). Critical discourse analysis (CDA) reveals the ways by which discourse is manipulated for the construction of various domains such as identity, ethnicity, ideology, cultural differences and gender. The most wide-ranging and most influential work in CDA is of Norman Fairclough. He takes language as a social practice. He makes it clear that the power of discourse is used for depiction of ideology and gender representation. The present study used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as an approach to find out the working of frames for representation of gender identity. The current study analyzed the campaign speeches of Hillary Clinton for finding out her projection of gender identity through frames. The data of the study consists of her opening primary campaign speech which is the Campaign Launch Speech and her last speech for Primary campaign that was delivered in the American presidential election of 2016. The theoretical framework for the present study is Fairclough’s Three Dimensional Model (2015) and the tool applied on this model for looking into the working of frames is the Frame Problem Tool of Gee (2014). The results of the study revealed that Hillary used the technique of framing for projecting her gender identity. She used the fight and family frames for the modification of the boundaries of American presidency with respect to gender. Through her political discourse she framed herself as a brave and bold woman who had she become the president of the United States would have fought for the rights of all Americans irrespective of their creed, sect, religion, gender and nationality.
Social Positioning in Teacher-Student Interactions: A Linguistic Ethnographic Investigation
Authors: Gonsum Longji Christopher , Cavusoglu Cise
Published: March 2019

From a social constructionist perspective and using Positioning Theory, this study examined the interactional strategies that interactants use in establishing their social positions in interactions in a registration office. Linguistic ethnographic methods were deployed where naturally occurring interactions of 30 participants in a registration office in a Nigerian university located in North-Central Nigeria were collected through audio-recordings, which added up to 177 minutes in total. Stimulated recall interviews were also conducted with some of the interactants to refute or validate the results of preliminary analyses of their interactional strategies. Micro-discourse analysis was adopted for the analysis of both the ethnographic and discourse data in order to account for the influence of context and other nonverbal behaviours on the interactants’ choices and the discourse data. The study revealed that sociocultural expectations, knowledge and perceptions significantly influenced the choice of the interactional strategies used for the negotiation and construction of social positions by both the teachers and the students in their interactions. The study also showed the discursive variables of power relations and ages of the interactants as impacting on their use of face acts as deliberate social positioning strategies in the interactions. The study concludes that interactants’ pragmatic awareness of context is crucial in establishing their negotiated positions in meaningful and cordial interactions.
The Role of Motivational Teaching Strategies Used by English Language Teachers in Urdu Medium Secondary Schools in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Asif , Ghani Mamuna
Published: March 2019

A number of strategies are used by English language teachers to get the desired outcomes from the language learners. The strategies prove useful when implemented in accordance with the level of the students and the environment of the L2 classroom. The prime focus of the teachers is to keep the learners motivated in learning English language. This particular research is conducted with the objectives and reasons for which the English teachers in Urdu medium secondary schools and students make use of motivational teaching strategies in their L2 classroom and similarly to indicate the situations where these strategies would be more helpful and crucial. Interview questions were distributed among English teachers and the students of matriculation. They were asked to read the questions and spell comprehensive answers. A comparison is made between the results obtained by the answers of Urdu medium secondary schools’ teachers and students. The data were collected and interpreted qualitatively that reflected the views of teachers and students of Urdu medium schools about the use of motivational teaching practices in ELT classroom in relation to students’ proficiency of L2 learning.
A Study on Persuasive Language in Personal Selling
Authors: Huang Danyan
Published: March 2019

The present study, which is qualitative in nature, is an investigation into the persuasive language used in the interactive communication of personal selling based on Jef Verschueren’s linguistic Adaptation Theory and some important ideas of Game Theory. Within the framework of these theories, four personal selling cases were analyzed to reveal the interactive process of selling between the seller and the buyer as if they were engaged in a game in which the former used various persuasion strategies in different stages of selling to adapt to the physical, social and mental world of the latter. The two successful cases revealed that the seller’s sound adaptation to the three worlds of the buyer ultimately helped him/her to achieve a win-win situation while the two unsuccessful ones showed that the failure to adapt to any one of the three worlds led to a failed selling attempt and unproductive interaction between the two parties.
The Role of Digital Technology in English Language Teaching in Azerbaijan
Authors: Abbasova Milana , Mammadova Narmin
Published: March 2019

The current study uses qualitative methodology to explore the role that digital technology plays in both second language acquisition and teaching. In-depth interviews were conducted with 6 teachers aged between 23 and 55 who are currently employed by Khazar University, Azerbaijan. Teachers indicate that the use of technology has an important impact on student’s second language learning. Although some of the teachers displayed negative effects of modern technologies on getting students’ attention, positive feedback is more available. Teachers demonstrated how the use of technology in teaching and learning supports students’ engagement in education. Overall, this study provides a reader with a general understanding of both students and teachers’ involvement in digital media as well as the effectiveness of second language teaching with technologies at higher educational institutions of Azerbaijan. Future research in the same area of study is needed to compare both teachers’ and students’ perceptions separately in broader sample and identify the key factors that affect teacher’s decision to choose rather traditional methods.
The Primacy of L1-Based Cohesive Devices Over the Organization of Ideas in the Spoken English of Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Alrabah Sulaiman , Wu Shu-hua
Published: March 2019

L1 influence research on L2 learners’ spoken performance has focused on learners’ use of L1-based cohesive devices and propositional organization. The problem in these studies was that even though L2 learners were using L1-based cohesive devices, they were not making any grammatical or pronunciation errors, but their L2 speech patterns were not consistent with native speaker standards. This study investigated the ways in which 6 Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were influenced by their L1-based cohesive devices and organization of ideas during 30 hours of face-to-face interactions with 2 English native speakers. Data analysis involved transforming the transcribed data of interactions into a system of codes and categories (Corbin & Strauss, 2015), and the Excel software was used to generate the means, percentages, and ranks of different categories. Data analysis determined that Chinese L1-based cohesive devices and organization of ideas were manifested in the 6 Chinese participants’ speech as a coherent system of communication. Moreover, the researchers found that the most frequently-used L1-based cohesive device in the Chinese students’ L2 speech was the use of connectors which were employed to “add” new points to the speakers’ arguments. Implications for pedagogy included action research projects to scrutinize the introduction of a series of communicative tasks in the classroom that utilize scaffolding to highlight L1-L2 differences. The aim of these tasks is to raise students’ consciousness and help them “notice the gap” between L1-L2 discourse systems in the use of cohesive devices and organization of ideas.
Gender-Associated Behavior of Jordanians on Facebook
Authors: Tartory Raeda
Published: March 2019

Lack of sex-disaggregated data on internet and mobile phone access are among the key barriers to measure the progress in development goals that call for gender equality in access to the internet. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the language features that are used by females and males’ friends when posting on their timelines on Facebook. The present study has employed cross-sectional design by collecting a sample of 270 randomly selected Facebook profiles using SurveyMonkey. Chi-square analysis has been used to analyze the conceptual framework. The study has found that the behavior of female users was much higher towards the communication features, language features, and social behavior as compared to the behavior of male users. The study enlarged into the understanding of Facebook as an online platform from the perspectives of Jordanian users. The study confirms the popularity of Facebook as an outlet of psychological and social expression for gender-associated behavior in the context of Jordan.
The Dialectic of Dialectical Materialism and Discourse: A Scrutiny of Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger
Authors: Hussain Wajid , Azam Khurram Shahzad
Published: March 2019

The powerful social class exercises its hegemonic practices mainly on the basis of cognitive and discursive strategies. These strategies are accomplished through the exploitation of social knowledge, identities and ideologies, which, for their constitution, owe to the cognitive and discursive tactics themselves. The hegemony of the powerful social groups may, however, be countered when the manipulated individuals come to achieve enough knowledge and realization which protect their cognition from being manipulated further. Moreover, this achieved knowledge and realization also enables them to adapt themselves to the cognitive and discursive practices of the dominant class for the improvement of their socioeconomic position. The paper scrutinizes this notion in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger. The study applies Marx’s Dialectical Materialism and van Dijk’s concept of Discourse and Manipulation. Additionally, the latter perspective also works as a model for the research. The study elucidates that the poor-rich divide, which is prevalent in the Indian society, is mainly created by the dominant class through their manipulation of the cognition of the dominated class. It also highlights the productive attempt by a lowest of the low caste individual to become a successful entrepreneur by adapting to and using the same cognitive and discursive tactics as employed against people like him by the powerful social class.
Preface
Authors: Temuujin Jadambaa , Surenjav Enkhtuul , Erdenechimeg Namjil
Published: March 2019

No abstract in English
Leaching of a Mongolian chalcopyrite concentrate
Authors: Welham Nicholas J , Temuujin Jadambaa , Setoudeh Nader
Published: March 2019

A Mongolian chalcopyrite flotation concentrate was leached using sodium hypochlorite adjusted to different pH using hydrochloric acid. It was found that using a starting pH of below 5.0 resulted in more efficient leaching. The extent of chalcopyrite leaching was determined by the concentration of sodium hypochlorite with > 40% dissolution being achieved. The residue after leaching was found to consist primarily of unreacted chalcopyrite which would be suitable for further leaching or smelting.
High molecular weight humic-like substances in carboneous aerosol of Ulaanbaatar city
Authors: Tserenpil Shurkhuu , Fan Xing Jung , Sapkota Atindra , Chinzorig Enkhmaa , Song Jian Zhong , Liu Cong Qiang
Published: March 2019

Total carbon content of the atmospheric suspended particulate matters consisted of as high as 89-93% organic carbon (OC) in Ulaanbaatar aerosol without showing seasonal variation. However, limited aerosol measurements have been conducted on these OC rich aerosols particularly for high molecular weight constituents. In order to address the gap above, abundance of high molecular weight humic-like substances (HULIS) in total suspended particulates (TSP) from Ulaanbaatar atmospheric aerosol were determined for the first time. HULIS molecular structure was characterised for different seasons using carbon content and UV absorbance measurements coupled with solid phase extraction methods. Although, HULIS contributions to water soluble organic fraction of the winter and summer aerosols were similar HULIS carbon concentration was higher in winter samples (9-37 mg·L-1) than in summer (2-6 mg·L-1). Consequently quantity of aromatic moieties and degree of aromaticity varied between seasons.
Characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of oil shale from Uvurjargalant deposit
Authors: Bayasgalan Khulan , Bayanmunkh Myagmargerel , Baatar Ulzii , Bayarkhuu Bolormaa , Murneren Tuya
Published: March 2019

The yield, properties and composition of soluble and insoluble (kerogen) of organic matter of oil shale from Uvurjargalant deposit of Mongolia have been investigated in this study. The study result shows that oil shale contains low amount of moisture and volatile products, while the ash yield is high (71.86 %) - which implies that most of the oil shale are minerals. The total amount of bitumens in the oil shale was very low (1.27 wt %), whereas kerogen content was 22.84 wt %, which is relatively high compared to oil shale from other deposits in Mongolia. Under IR spectral analysis and the ratio of hydrogen and carbon, the Uvurjargalant oil shale belongs to I type of oil shale. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that organic matter of oil shale decomposed at a temperature 300-750 ºC to produce gas and liquid products.
Retraction notice: Influence of compressing pressure on macro void formation carbon monolith for methane adsorption
Authors: B Narandalai , Shim W G , Balathanigaimani M S , Moon H
Published: March 2019

RETRACTION NOTICEOn 21rd February 2019, the Editorial Board of the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry decided to retract this article entitled "Influence of compressing pressure on macro void formation of carbon monolith for methane adsorption" because of an authorship dispute. The article was originally published in Vol.18 No.44 2017 pp.24-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v18i44.934
Enhancing lithium leaching by mechanical activation
Authors: Setoudeh Nader , Nosrati Ataollah , Welham Nicholas J
Published: March 2019

The lithium (Li) bearing minerals lepidolite and spodumene were mixed with different mass ratios of Na2SO4 and mechanically activated by milling in a planetary ball mill for 5 h. The milled samples were studied using thermogravimetry under an air atmosphere up to 950 ºC. Isothermal heating of the milled samples was undertaken in a furnace at temperatures of 700 ºC and 800 ºC for 1 h. Hot water leaching of the calcines indicated that increasing the calcination temperature had a significant effect on the dissolution of lithium. The leaching of lithium from lepidolite was notably higher than that from spodumene.
Laminektomi operasyonu olan ileri yaş hastalarda genel anestezi ile spinal anestezinin postoperatif ağrı ve analjezik tüketimi üzerine etkileri: retrospektif deneyimlerimiz
Authors: KILIC Ertugrul
Published: March 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Genel anesteziye (GA) göre spinal
anestezide (SA) lumbar laminektomi cerrahisi uygulanan hastalarda daha stabil
perioperatif hemodinamik durumlar, daha düşük maliyetler ve daha düşük
perioperatif komplikasyon oranı bildirilmiştir. Amacımız bu operasyonu geçirmiş
ileri yaş hastalarda SA ve GA'nın ağrı skalası ve tradomol tüketimi üzerindeki
etkilerini gözlemlemektir

 

Materyel Metod: Retrospektif olarak planlanan
çalışmada, 01.01.2017 ile 31.12.2017 tarihleri ​​arasında tek seviye lumbar laminektomi
cerrahisi geçiren toplam ASA I-II-III fiziksel durumda ileri yaş (>65 yaş)
121 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. SA uygulanan hastalar grup S(n= 62), GA uygulanan
hastalar grup G (n=59) ye dahil edildi. Ameliyattan sonraki 24 saat süresince
postoperatif mobilizasyon süreleri, komplikasyonlar, visuel analog skala (VAS)
ve postoperatif Tradomol HCL tüketimi dosya kayıtları incelenerek kaydedildi.

 

Bulgular ve Tartışma: Ortalama VAS gruplar arasında
benzerdi (p> 0.05). Toplam Tramadol HCL tüketimi, S ve G grupları için
120.96 mg ve 213.55 mg (p <0.05) idi. İlk tramadol HCL, S ve G grupları için
589.51 ve 233.13 dakika (p <0.05) idi. Postoperatif mobilizasyon süreleri ve
yan etkiler gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi (p> 0.05). Bu çalışmanın
sonuçları, SA'nın tek seviye lumbar laminektomi cerrahisinde genel anesteziye
göre daha güvenli ve daha rahat bir anestezik yöntem olduğunu göstermiştir.

 

Sonuç: SA ile yaşlı olan hastalarda lumbar
laminektomi cerrahisi güvenlidir, Postoperatif ağrı kontrolü daha iyi olup Tradamol
tüketiminin daha düşüktür. Bu bulguları doğrulamak için ileriye dönük
çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Görsel Uyaranlara İlişkin Manyetoensefalografi Sinyallerinin Genelleştirilmiş Regresyon Sinir Ağı ile Sınıflandırılması
Authors: ÇETİN Onursal , TEMURTAŞ Feyzullah
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, beyin aktivitesini çözmek için
Manyetoensefalografi (MEG) sinyallerini yapay sinir ağı ile sınıflandırmaktır.

Yöntemler: MEG sinyallerini sınıflandırmak için
Genelleştirilmiş Regresyon Sinir Ağı (GRSA) kullanılmıştır. Riemannian
yaklaşımı ile sinyallerin öznitelikleri çıkarılmış ve 10 katlı çapraz doğrulama
tekniği ile GRSA’nın doğruluğu hesaplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Çalışmada 9 kız, 7 erkek bireye ait 306 kanaldan
kaydedilen MEG verileri kullanılmıştır. Her bireye yaklaşık 588 uyaran
gösterilmiştir ve böylece tüm veri seti 9414 uyarandan oluşmaktadır. Ortalama
spesifite, ortalama duyarlılık ve ortalama sınıflandırma doğruluğu sırasıyla
%75,43, %82,57 ve %79 olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ve aynı MEG veri
setini kullanan diğer çalışmalar tarafından elde edilen sınıflandırma
doğrulukları karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur.

Sonuç: GRSA’nın MEG sinyallerinin sınıflandırılmasında
kullanılan mevcut yöntemlere başarılı bir alternatif oluşturduğu
düşünülmektedir.
Katarakt Cerrahisi ile Aynı Seansta Skleral Askılı Göz İçi Lens Yerleştirilmesi
Authors: BALSAK Selahattin , ÖZKURT Zeynep Gürsel
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada

amacımız, ameliyat öncesi zonül veya kapsül zaafiyeti olan ve

fakoemülsifikasyon (FAKO) cerrahisi ile aynı seansta skleral askılı göz içi

lensi (GİL) yerleştirilmesi yaptığımız hastaların operasyon sonrası

oftalmolojik bulgularını değerlendirmektir. 

Yöntemler: Ameliyat

öncesinde hastaların Snellen eşeli ile görme keskinlikleri ölçüldü, ön ve arka

segmentler incelendi, göz içi basınçları aplanasyontonometri ile ölçüldü.

Kornea keratometri değerleri otorefraktokeratometre ile K1 ve K2 olarak en dik

ve en düz meridyenlerde ölçüldü. Ameliyatta aynı seansta FAKO cerrahisi ile

skleral askılı GİL yerleştirilmesi yapıldı. Hastalar en az 6 ay takip edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya

31 hastanın 36 gözü dahil edildi. Olguların 14’ü (%45,1) kadın, 17’si (%54,9)

erkek idi. Yaş ortalaması 51.7±24.0 (25-65) yıl idi. Olguların 16’sında (%44,5)

pseudoeksfoliasyona 10’unda (%27,8) travmaya ve 10’unda (%27,8)

MarfanSendromu’na bağlı zonülzaafiyeti vardı. Ortalama görme keskinlikleri

ameliyat öncesi 0.1±0.1 iken, ameliyat sonrası 6. ay da 0.6±0.3 idi (p≤0.000).

Göz içi basıncı değerlerinde ameliyat sonrası istatiksel olarak anlamlı düşüş

izlendi (p=0.036). Korneaların K1 ve K2 değerlerinde ameliyat sonrası

değişiklikler istatiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.351; p=0.875 sırasıyla).

Gözlerin ameliyat sonrası ölçülen sferik değerleri ortalama +0.50±0.50D idi.

Ameliyat sırasında olgularda komplikasyona rastlanmadı. Ameliyat sonrası

dönemde ise beş (%13,9) olguda göz içi basıncı artışı ve iki olguda (%5,5)

vitre içi kanama oluştu.   

Sonuç ve Yorum:

Katarakt cerrahisi ile aynı seansta skleral askılı GİL yerleştirilmesi erken

görsel rehabilitasyon için önemlidir. Ayni seansta fakoemülsifikasyon ve skleral

askılı GİL yerleştirilmesi ayrı seanslarda yapılan cerrahilere göre

komplikasyon oranlarını arttırmamıştır.
Moleküler Hpv Uygulanan Olgularda Hpv Sonuçları ile Patolojik Materyallerin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ERDOĞDU İbrahim Halil
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Birçok kanser gelişiminde bazı HPV tipleri çok önemli

rol oynamaktadır. Serviks kanserlerinin hemen tamamı HPV’ye bağlı olarak

gelişmektedir. Uzun yıllardan beri serviks kanseri taramasında kullanılan PAP

smear testi çok başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. Son yıllarda rutin olarak

kullanılan HPV DNA testleri prekürsör lezyonların tarama ve takibinde başarılı

olanaklar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada PAP smear ve eş zamanlı HPV tiplendirmesi

yapılan olgulara ait bulgular değerlendirilmiştir.

Yöntemler: PAP smear ve HPV testi uygulanan 6384 hasta

çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bu hastalardan 886’sında (%13,9) serviks kanseri için

yüksek riskli olarak bilinen HPV tipleri bulunmuştur.

Bulgular: En sık gözlenen HPV tip 16’dır. PAP smear

sonuçlarına göre normal bulunan 148 (%16,7) hastada yüksek riskli HPV tipleri

bulunduğu görülmüştür. Doku biyopsisi bulunan yüksek riskli HPV pozitif

hastaların normal PAP smear sonuçlarına karşın 37 tanesinde LGSIL tanısı

saptanmıştır. PAP smear ile HGSIL ve malign tanısı alan olguların biyopsi sonuçları

ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları PAP smear testinin özellikle

yüksek dereceli prekürsör lezyonlarda daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. PAP

smear ile normal bulunan yüksek oranda hastada yüksek riskli HPV tiplerinin bulunması

dikkat çekmektedir. Bu sonuç HPV testlerinin taramada önemini, sensitif ve

objektif bir test olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Serviks kanseri taramasında PAP

smear ve HPV testlerinin eş zamanlı kullanılması, bu kanserin sıklığını ve ölüm

oranlarını daha da azaltacaktır.
Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrası Gelişen ve Guillain Barre Sendromu’nu Taklid Eden Poliradikülonöropati Olgusu
Authors: TUNÇ Abdulkadir , GÜRSOY Azize Esra , GÜZEL Vildan
Published: March 2019

Morbid obezite prevalansının artışı ile birlikte bariatrik cerrahi prosedürlerinin sayısı her geçen gün artmakta ve nörolojik komplikasyonlarla daha fazla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu komplikasyonlar arasında en iyi tanımlanmış olanlar Wernicke ensefalopatisi ve periferik nöropatilerdir. Guillain Barre Sendromu bariatrik cerrahinin çok nadir bir komplikasyonu olarak bildirilmiştir ve bildirilmiş vakalar çoğunlukla aksonal tiptedir. 18 yaşında kadın hasta polikliniğimize kol ve bacaklarda ağrı ve güçsüzlük şikayeti ile başvurdu. Üç ay önce bariatrik cerrahi operasyonu geçirdiği öğrenildi. Alt ekstremitelerde proksimal kas gücü kaybı saptanan hastanın elektrofizyolojik bulguları L3-S1 innerve kaslarda subakut dönem ön kök ön boynuz tutulumu ile uyumlu bulundu. İntravenöz immunglobulin tedavisi sonrası hastada tama yakın düzelme gözlendi. Bariatrik cerrahi sonrası gelişen nörolojik komplikasyonlarda nutrisyonel eksikliklerin yanında enflamatuvar hasarın da göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği ve bu vakaların kalıcı nörolojik hasarın önlenmesi açısından erken dönemde, multidisipliner bir şekilde takip ve tedavi edilmesi gerektiği görüşündeyiz.
Psycho-Emotional State of Students with Special Educational Learning Needs
Authors: Nurgul Toxanbaeva , Almukhambetova Bibigul , Madaliyeva Zabira , Nazirash Zhubanazarova , Orazbekovna Baimoldina Laura , Bakytkyzy Toxanbayeva Nazgul
Published: March 2019

This article is devoted to the study of the psycho-emotional state of students with special educational needs in education. The primary objective of the study was to study the theoretical views of domestic and foreign researchers on the psycho-emotional state and manifestation of anxiety; to conduct a theoretical analysis of the relationship of stress and the learning process; to clarify the manifestation of anxiety among students with special educational needs of our University in the learning process. The hypothesis of the study was as follows: for students with special educational needs, the learning process is accompanied by a manifestation of anxiety and harms their psycho-emotional state. The results obtained in the course of the study led to the conclusion that students with special educational needs in the learning process involve a range of factors that determine the behavioural reactions of frustrating nature. And that is why, because of the mismatch of opportunities, priorities, there is an increase in the normative level of anxiety, which affects their overall psycho-emotional state.
Research on urban public bicycle dispatching optimization method
Authors: Fei Lin , Yang Yang , Shihua Wang , Yudi Xu , Hong Ma
Published: March 2019

Unreasonable public bicycle dispatching area division seriously affects the operational efficiency of the public bicycle system. To solve this problem, this paper innovatively proposes an improved community discovery algorithm based on multi-objective optimization (CDoMO). The data set is preprocessed into a lease/return relationship, thereby it calculated a similarity matrix, and the community discovery algorithm Fast Unfolding is executed on the matrix to obtain a scheduling scheme. For the results obtained by the algorithm, the workload indicators (scheduled distance, number of sites, and number of scheduling bicycles) should be adjusted to maximize the overall benefits, and the entire process is continuously optimized by a multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA2. The experimental results show that compared with the clustering algorithm and the community discovery algorithm, the method can shorten the estimated scheduling distance by 20%-50%, and can effectively balance the scheduling workload of each area. The method can provide theoretical support for the public bicycle dispatching department, and improve the efficiency of public bicycle dispatching system.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of aquaporins in salt cress (Eutrema salsugineum)
Authors: Qian Weiguo , Yang Xiaomin , Li Jiawen , Luo Rui , Yan Xiufeng , Pang Qiuying
Published: March 2019

Aquaporins (AQPs) serve as water channel proteins and belong to major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) family, functioned in rapidly and selectively transporting water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Importantly, AQPs have been shown to play critical roles in abiotic stress response of plants. Eutrema salsugineum is close to Arabidopsis thaliana and proposed as a model system for studying plant salt resistance. Here we identified 35 full-length AQP genes in E. salsugineum. Phylogenetic analysis showed EsAQPs were similar with AtAQPs and grouped into four subfamilies including 12 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 11 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 9 NOD-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and 3 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). Gene structure, also the conserved motifs (MEME) of EsAQPs in each subfamily shared high similarities. In detailed sequence analysis, EsAQPs comprised 237-323 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 24.31-31.80 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 4.73-10.49. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger’s position and specificity-determining position suggested there was a big difference in the specificity of substrate transport between EsAQPs. Gene expression profiles illustrated EsAQP genes could be detected in all organs and appear to play an important role in response salt, cold and drought signals. These results will bring a better understanding on the characterizations of AQPs in E. salsugineum and its complex transport networks in homeostasis control.
Identification of a peptide antagonist of the FGF1–FGFR1 signaling axis by phage display selection
Authors: Lipok Magdalena , Szlachcic Anna , Kindela Kinga , Czyrek Aleksandra , Otlewski Jacek
Published: March 2019

Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a common aberration in lung and breast cancers and has necessitated the design of drugs targeting FGFR1‐dependent downstream signaling and FGFR1 ligand binding. To date, the major group of drugs being developed for treatment of FGFR1‐dependent cancers are small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, the limited specificity of these drugs has led to increasing attempts to design molecules targeting the extracellular domain of FGFR1. Here, we used the phage display technique to select cyclic peptides F8 (ACSLNHTVNC) and G10 (ACSAKTTSAC) as binders of the fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1)–FGFR1 interface. ELISA and in vitro cell assays were performed to reveal that cyclic peptide F8 is more effective in preventing the FGF1–FGFR1 interaction, and also decreases FGF1‐induced proliferation of BA/F3 FGFR1c cells by over 40%. Such an effect was not observed for BA/F3 cells lacking FGFR1. Therefore, cyclic peptide F8 can act as a FGF1–FGFR1 interaction antagonist, and may be suitable for further development for potential use in therapies against FGFR1‐expressing cancer cells.
FGF11 influences 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation by modulating the expression of PPARγ regulators
Authors: Lee Kyeong Won , Jeong Jae‐Yeon , An Young Jun , Lee Jung‐Hyun , Yim Hyung‐Soon
Published: March 2019

Fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) is a member of the intracellular fibroblast growth factor superfamily. Here, we identified FGF11 as a novel mediator of adipogenesis. During 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation, the expression of FGF11 decreased at the mitotic clonal expansion stage and increased at the terminal differentiation stage. FGF11 knockdown reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis, resulting in the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone restored the inhibition of adipogenesis caused by FGF11 knockdown. We also report that the expression of the PPARγ regulators CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1, KLF9, KLF2, GATA binding factor 2, and GATA binding factor 3 was influenced by FGF11. These results suggest that FGF11 indirectly controls the expression of PPARγ through modifying the expression of multiple PPARγ regulators, thereby mediating adipogenesis.
The Origins of Discretism: Thinking Unthinkable Architecture
Authors: Morel Philippe
Published: March 2019

What most differentiates the Discrete from previous architectural paradigms? Architect and theorist Philippe Morel, who co‐founded Paris office EZCT Architecture & Design Research, examines related evolutions in theory and practice. The key, as he sees it, is a break away from anthropomorphism and rationalism, resulting in a truly computational architecture that is free from human‐imposed parameters.
Architecture for the Commons: Participatory Systems in the Age of Platforms
Authors: Sanchez Jose
Published: March 2019

Does the Discrete offer a pathway to a more equitable architecture? Jose Sanchez, director of the research and learning initiative the Plethora Project and Assistant Professor at the University of Southern California (USC) School of Architecture in Los Angeles, laments the exclusivity of parametric design, and argues why the Discrete could be the answer. Two combinatorial assembly projects and a gaming platform that he has been involved in creating serve as practical illustrations of the possibilities of social engagement that this new paradigm presents.
Our Automated Future: A Discrete Framework for the Production of Housing
Authors: Claypool Mollie
Published: March 2019

What are the social, economic and political consequences of a shift towards full automation for the production of architecture – and, speci‐ fically, housing? It is a question that an experimental studio within the Design Computation Lab at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London has been exploring for several years. The lab's co‐director Mollie Claypool discusses the philosophical, theoretical and design background against which their investigations have been carried out, and presents some of the housing fabrication projects that they have produced.
Rubens Structures: A Different Lightness Through Performance Adaptability
Authors: van de Worp Manja
Published: March 2019

Traditional built structures are based around fixed load paths, meaning a largely fixed programme. But what possibilities are opened up if load paths can be made flexible? Manja van de Worp – who directs YIP Structural Engineering London, teaches at the Royal College of Art in London and leads the Data Informed Structures course at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia in Barcelona – introduces the concept of ‘Rubens structures’. Engineered with adjustable components, they can cater for a building's evolving usage. Although more resource hungry in the first instance than their traditional counterparts, they could offer economic and material advantages over time.
Et Alia: A Projective History of the Architectural Discrete
Authors: Chiappone‐Piriou Emmanuelle
Published: March 2019

The Discrete did not arise out of nowhere. Curator and author Emmanuelle Chiappone‐Piriou, who lectures at TU Wien (the Technical University of Vienna) and the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture Paris‐ Malaquais, tracks its antecedents since the early 20th century: from the Bauhaus to Ulm School of Design, from Team 10 to the Metabolists, and from cybernetics to evolutionary architecture.
Complicit: The Creation Of and Collaboration With Intelligent Machines
Authors: Rehm M Casey
Published: March 2019

How do the biases, constraints and opportunities inherent within contemporary models of intelligence lead to new aesthetics? Artificial intelligence has been central to the work of designer and algorithmic consultant M Casey Rehm for over a decade. Here he presents recent results of his efforts, produced within his Los Angeles multidisciplinary practice Kinch – from speculative cityscapes to a single‐family house.
Series and Other Unit‐Based Alternatives: Notes on Contemporary Digital Operations
Authors: Ago Viola
Published: March 2019

The digital era we are now embarking upon is less about the shock of the new, and more about non‐hierarchical organisation. So argues architect and educator Viola Ago – visiting professor at the Ohio State University Knowlton School of Architecture in Columbus and lecturer at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design in Cambridge, Massachusetts – as illustrated by her own recent work.
Soft Discrete Familiars: Animals, Blankets and Brick, Oh My!
Authors: Manning Ryan Vincent
Published: March 2019

What if the Discrete took a playful turn? A series of investigations by Los Angeles landscape, film and architecture collaborative Quirkd33 has been exploring the idea of building blocks made not of abstract forms, but stuffed toys. Along with work by artists Tristan Lowe and Mike Kelley, Quirkd33's designer and owner Ryan Vincent Manning discusses how they test the boundary between familiarity and fuzziness.
The Discrete Charm of the Glitch
Authors: Trotter Marrikka
Published: March 2019

No process, however technologically advanced, is without its glitches. Architectural historian and theorist Marrikka Trotter, who teaches at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI‐Arc), sees this fact as a positive where the Discrete is concerned. Here she explores themes of continuity and becoming in the work of architects M Casey Rehm, Gilles Retsin and Tom Wiscombe, with reference to French philosopher Gilbert Simondon's theory of individuation.
There Is No Such Thing as a Digital Building: A Critique of the Discrete
Authors: Leach Neil
Published: March 2019

What exactly is the Discrete? A style, or rather a design/ fabrication method? And how does it relate to the continuous? Architectural educator and writer Neil Leach – who currently teaches at Shanghai's Tongji University, Miami's Florida International University School of Architecture, and the European Graduate School – challenges deficiencies and inconsistencies in its definition, and questions the very notion of digital materials.
Texas pharmacist works with harm reduction on STR naloxone distribution
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

Legislatively, Texas may have its problems in addressing opioid overdoses and evidence‐based treatment, but the Texas Targeted Opioid Response (TTOR) grant, from the Opioid State Targeted Response (STR) from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), is changing all of that. “We have amazing folks in the TTOR department at the Texas Health and Human Services department who are aggressively minded and are focused on trying to do the right things with the money,” said Lucas Hill, Pharm.D., clinical assistant professor in the University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy and director of Operation Naloxone, which is funded by TTOR.
Cannabis found more harmful to cognition than alcohol in teens
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

Lasting effects of adolescent cannabis use are even more pronounced than those for alcohol, researchers suggest in a new study of the role of impaired cognition on substance use. According to the study, published in the February issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry, both alcohol and cannabis misuse are related to impaired cognition, but is this cause or correlation? To infer cause, researchers in general use four theoretical models.
Biocatalytic Methyl Ether Cleavage: Characterization of the Corrinoid‐Dependent Methyl Transfer System from Desulfitobacterium hafniense
Authors: Richter Nina , Farnberger Judith E. , Pompei Simona , Grimm Christopher , Skibar Wolfgang , Zepeck Ferdinand , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

The ether functionality represents a very common motif in organic chemistry and especially the methyl ether is commonly found in natural products. Its formation and cleavage can be achieved via countless chemical procedures. Nevertheless, since in particular the cleavage often involves harsh reaction conditions, milder alternatives are highly demanded. Very recently, we have reported on a biocatalytic shuttle catalysis concept for reversible cleavage and formation of phenolic O‐methyl ethers employing a corrinoid‐dependent methyl transferase system from the anaerobic organism Desulfitobacterium hafniense. Here we report the technical study of this system, focusing on the demethylation of guaiacol as model reaction. The optimal buffer‐, pH‐, temperature‐ and cofactor‐preferences were determined as well as the influence of organic co‐solvents. Beside methyl cobalamin also hydroxocobalamin turned out to be a suitable cofactor species, although the latter required activation. Various O‐methyl phenyl ethers were successfully demethylated with conversions up to 82% at 10 mM substrate concentration.

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Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reaction to Access Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates and Selenosulfonates
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Cui Ting , Zhang Yanghao , Gu Weijin , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: March 2019

The electrochemical oxidative cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of arylsulfinic acids with thiophenols was achieved via a radical process. A wide range of arylsulfinic acids and substituted thiophenols were found to be tolerated, providing unsymmetrical thiosulfonates in good to excellent yields. This electrochemical method can also be used for the reaction of arylsulfinic acids with disulfides or diselenides to obtain thiosulfonates or selenosulfonates.

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Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidation‐Cyclization of Ynones: Access to 4‐Substituted Chroman‐3‐ones
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Fang , Ma Yang‐Ting , Ji Kegong
Published: March 2019

A synthesis of 4‐substituted chroman‐3‐one derivatives has been developed through a gold(III) catalyzed oxidation‐cyclization of ynones in good to excellent yield using easily prepared substrates. A broad range of synthetically useful functional groups (halide, alkene, alkyne, phenolic hydroxyl) were tolerated. Further application of this method paves a new way to prepare the skeleton of oblarotenoids. A cascade oxidative cyclization for construction of pyrano[2,3‐c]chromen‐1(5H)‐one derivatives is also presented.

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Neoadjuvant treatment strategy for locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Mayanagi Shuhei , Irino Tomoyuki , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: March 2019

Multimodal treatment combining surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is necessary to improve the chances of survival in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer. Based on the results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group 9907 (JCOG9907) trial, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, two courses of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), followed by esophagectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is the recommended treatment in Japan. Alternatively, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) typified by carboplatin and paclitaxel plus concurrent radiotherapy with 41.4 Gy (Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer followed by Surgery Study [CROSS]) has shown promising outcomes in some Western countries. Currently, several clinical trials are being conducted within and outside of Japan to confirm the best neoadjuvant treatment regimen. For instance, a three‐arm phase III randomized controlled trial (JCOG1109) is ongoing in Japan. The three arms comprise a doublet regimen (two courses of cisplatin 80 mg/m2 day 1 and 5‐FU 800 mg/m2 days 1‐5; repeated every 3 weeks) versus a triplet regimen (three courses of docetaxel, 70 mg/m2 day 1; cisplatin 70 mg/m2 day 1; and 5‐FU 750 mg/m2 days 1‐5; repeated every 3 weeks) versus a chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen (radiotherapy of 41.4 Gy/23 fractions with two courses of cisplatin 75 mg/m2 day 1 and 5‐FU 1000 mg/m2 days 1‐4; repeated every 4 weeks). Development of a multimodal strategy for neoadjuvant therapy is expected to receive the continuous focus of research in the hope of achieving better outcomes from treatment of patients with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer.
A Protocol for Being Heard: Invoking a New Right for an Open Arbitration Hearing in Europe
Authors: Wojtowicz Piotr
Published: March 2019

Last month, author Piotr Wojtowicz analyzed in detail the holding of European Court of Human Rights in Mutu and Pechstein v. Switzerland, No. 40575/10 and No. 67474/10, Eur. Ct. H.R. (Oct. 2, 2018) (available in French at https://bit.ly/2DLPVDR) (English language press release available using the search at https://bit.ly/2s9RLG9), in a combined appeal of arbitration matters, from Switzerland's highest Court but originally before the Court of Arbitration in Sports. See “You Will Be Heard: The European Court of Human Rights Clarifies the Arbitration Right to a Public Hearing,” 37 Alternatives 27 (February 2019) (available at https://bit.ly/2MSJJuQ). The ECHR decision found that in one of the two athlete's appeals, because facts in issue were disputed and the competitor's professional reputation was at stake, the particularity of the proceedings called for a public hearing at an arbitration on discipline. This month, the author discusses a potential protocol for requesting a hearing, which traditionally have been presumed closed, as well as the implications for commercial arbitration.