bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocontrolled Living Anionic Polymerization of Silicon‐Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes with Fluorinated Substituents: Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Polyferrocenylsilane (PFS) Homopolymers and Block Copolymers
Authors: Smith Gregory S. , Patra Sanjib K. , Vanderark Lawrence , Saithong Saowanit , Charmant Jonathan P. H. , Manners Ian
Published: December 2009

Photocontrolled living anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of strained silicon‐bridged [1]ferrocenophanes Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2CF3) (1), Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2(CF2)7CF3) (2) and Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2CH2C6F5) (3) with 3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl, heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydrodecyl, and pentafluorophenylpropyl hydrofluorocarbon substituents, respectively, on silicon, have been explored. Thus well‐defined fluorine‐containing homopolymers [Fe(η‐C5H4)2Si(Me)RF]n (4–6) (RF = hydrofluoro‐ carbon substituents), with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n} $ < 1.10) were synthesized from the photocontrolled ROP of the respective [1]ferrocenophanes 1–3, initiated by Na[C5H5] in THF at 5 °C. The sequential living photolytic anionic ROP allowed the synthesis of well‐defined diblock copolymers, polyferrocenylmethylphenyl‐ silane‐block‐polyferrocenylmethyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)silane (PFMPS‐b‐PFSF) (7a–c), with different ratios of the two blocks. DSC analysis of the resulting fluorinated diblock copolymers showed the presence of two distinct glass transition temperatures suggesting the immiscibility of the two blocks. The diblock copolymers 7a–c undergo predictable self‐assembly in the bulk as revealed by TEM analyses. The increased hydrophobicity of the fluorinated organometallic homopolymers was also studied by measuring the water contact angles on the homopolymer films.

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The regenerator location problem
Authors: Chen Si , Ljubić Ivana , Raghavan S.
Published: December 2009

In this article, we introduce the regenerator location problem (RLP), which deals with a constraint on the geographical extent of transmission in optical networks. Specifically, an optical signal can only travel a maximum distance of dmax before its quality deteriorates to the point that it must be regenerated by installing regenerators at nodes of the network. As the cost of a regenerator is high, we wish to deploy as few regenerators as possible in the network, while ensuring all nodes can communicate with each other. We show that the RLP is NP‐Complete. We then devise three heuristics for the RLP. We show how to represent the RLP as a max leaf spanning tree problem (MLSTP) on a transformed graph. Using this fact, we model the RLP as a Steiner arborescence problem (SAP) with a unit degree constraint on the root node. We also devise a branch‐and‐cut procedure to the directed cut formulation for the SAP problem. In our computational results over 740 test instances, the heuristic procedures obtained the optimal solution in 454 instances, whereas the branch‐and‐cut procedure obtained the optimal solution in 536 instances. These results indicate the quality of the heuristic solutions are quite good, and the branch‐and‐cut approach is viable for the optimal solution of problems with up to 100 nodes. Our approaches are also directly applicable to the MLSTP indicating that both the heuristics and branch‐and‐cut approach are viable options for the MLSTP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Developing capacity for managing public service reform: The Tanzania experience 2000–2008
Authors: Morgan Peter J. , Baser Heather , Morin Denyse
Published: December 2009

Public service reform has been more effective in Tanzania than in most African countries. An important contribution to this relative success has been the growing capacity of the Government of Tanzania to design and lead complex reform programs such as the Public Service Reform Program. This article looks at how and why this capacity developed and the possible implications for other efforts at public service reform in Africa. Our specific focus is on the Public Service Management Department in the President's Office (PO‐PSM), the unit designated to manage the PSRP and the emergence of its capacity to lead and energize the change process. A variety of factors have accounted for the effectiveness of the PO‐PSM. We argue that three have been particularly important: its organizational positioning, its development of a range of required competencies and capabilities, and finally its sequencing of the reform activities of the PSRP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unrestricted identification of modified proteins using MS/MS
Authors: Ahrné Erik , Müller Markus , Lisacek Frederique
Published: December 2009

Proteins undergo PTM, which modulates their structure and regulates their function. Estimates of the PTM occurrence vary but it is safe to assume that there is an important gap between what is currently known and what remains to be discovered. The highest throughput and most comprehensive efforts to catalogue protein mixtures have so far been using MS‐based shotgun proteomics. The standard approach to analyse MS/MS data is to use Peptide Fragment Fingerprinting tools such as Sequest, MASCOT or Phenyx. These tools commonly identify 5–30% of the spectra in an MS/MS data set while only a limited list of predefined protein modifications can be screened. An important part of the unidentified spectra is likely to be spectra of peptides carrying modifications not considered in the search. Bioinformatics for PTM discovery is an active area of research. In this review we focus on software solutions developed for unrestricted identification of modifications in MS/MS data, here referred to as open modification search tools. We give an overview of the conceptually different algorithmic solutions to evaluate the large number of candidate peptides per spectrum when accounting for modifications of unrestricted size and demonstrate the value of results of large‐scale open modification search studies. Efficient and easy‐to‐use tools for protein modification discovery should prove valuable in the quest for mapping the dynamics of proteomes.
Preparation and characterization of a poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)‐grafted FEP membrane
Authors: Fei Geng , Shin Junhwa , Kang Sung‐A , Ko Beom‐Seok , Kang Phil‐Hyun , Lee Youn‐Sik , Nho Young Chang
Published: December 2009

In this study, a novel polymer electrolyte membrane, poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)‐grafted poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP‐g‐PVBSA), has been successfully prepared by simultaneous irradiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) monomer onto a FEP film and taking subsequent chemical modification steps to modify the benzyl chloride moiety to the benzyl sulfonic acid moiety. The chemical reactions for the sulfonation were carried out via the formation of thiouronium salt with thiourea, base‐catalyzed hydrolysis for the formation of thiol, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Each chemical conversion process was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and SEM‐EDX. A chemical stability study performed with Fenton's reagent (3% H2O2 solution containing 4 ppm of Fe2+) at 70 °C revealed that FEP‐g‐PVBSA has a higher chemical stability than the poly(styrene sulfonic acid)‐grafted membranes (FEP‐g‐PSSA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 563–569, 2010
The relationship between catalyst precursors and chain end groups in homogeneous propene polymerization catalysis
Authors: Caporaso Lucia , De Rosa Claudio , Talarico Giovanni
Published: December 2009

The chain transfer to monomer reactions promoted by primary and secondary growing chains in the propene polymerization promoted by ansa‐zirconocenes and postmetallocene precursors are studied by using DFT methods. From the theoretical results it comes out that the prevalence of propene insertion over β‐hydrogen transfer to the monomer decreases drastically in the presence of a secondary chain. Furthermore, we explained the reason why C2‐symmetric metallocene catalysts promote the selective formation of cis but‐2‐enyls end group after a 2,1 inserted unit whereas for octahedral bis(phenoxy‐imine)titanium‐based catalysts, chain release promotes exclusively the formation of allyl terminated chain end. These results might be useful to design ligand precursors able to obtain not only high Mn PP polymers but also tuned chain end groups to build new polymer architectures. Overall, a more general picture of the enantioselectivity of the chain transfer to monomer processes is reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 699–708, 2010
Shear‐induced clay dispersion in HDPE/PEgMA/organoclay composites as studied via real‐time rheological method
Authors: Cao Jing , Wang Ke , Yang Hong , Chen Feng , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2009

In current study, a real‐time rheological method was used to investigate the intercalation and exfoliation process of clay in high‐density polyethylene/organoclay (HDPE/OMMT) nanocomposites using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMA) as compatibilizer. To do this, a steady shear was applied to the original nonintercalated or slightly intercalated composites prepared via simple mixing. The moduli of the composites were recorded as a function of time. The effect of matrix molecular weight and the content of compatibilizer on the modulus were studied. The role of the compatibilizer is to enhance the interaction between OMMT and polymer matrix, which facilitates the dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation of OMMT. The matrix molecular weight determines the melt viscosity and affects the shear stress applied to OMMT platelets. Based on the experimental results, different exfoliation processes of OMMT in composites with different matrix molecular weight were demonstrated. The slippage of OMMT layers is suggested in low‐molecular weight matrix, whereas a gradual intercalation process under shear is suggested in high‐molecular weight matrix. Current study demonstrates that real‐time rheological measurement is an effective way to investigate the dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation of OMMT as well as the structural change of the matrix. Moreover, it also provides a deep understanding for the role of polymer matrix and compatibilizer in the clay intercalation process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 302–312, 2010
PVT properties of linear and dendritic polymers
Authors: Simha, Robert , Utracki Leszek A.
Published: December 2009

The aim of this article is to examine the limits of applicability of the Simha‐Somcynsky (S‐S) equation of state (EOS) by comparing the pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) data and the derivatives (compressibility, κ, and thermal expansion coefficient, α) of anionic linear polystyrene (PS) with poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers (PBED). Fitting the PVT of PBED data to the S‐S EOS was similarly satisfactory as that of PS and the computed Lennard‐Jones (L‐J) interaction parameters showed similar errors of ca. 1%. Next, the experimental derivatives, α and κ of PS and PBED were compared with these functions computed from the S‐S EOS—good agreement was obtained for α at ambient pressure, P, indicating validity of the S‐S theory at least up to the first derivative. While the predicted κ = κ(P) dependence for PS and a linear PBED homologue was correct, for dendrimers the compressibility was higher at low pressure and it was lower at high P than theory predicts. Also the extracted values of the L‐J repulsion volume, v*, between a segment pair was smaller than expected. The specific architecture of dendrimer molecules is responsible for this behavior, since their 3D configuration is significantly different from the S‐S model with uniform segmental density and oxygen bonds in the main and side chains add flexibility. © 2009 NRC Canada. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 322–332, 2010
Electrospinning of ultrafine PVDF/PC fibers from their dispersed solutions
Authors: Na Haining , Liu Xiwang , Sun Hua , Zhao Yunhui , Zhao Ci , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: December 2009

Dispersed solutions of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polycarbonate (PC) in the mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used to electrospin in order to discuss the relationship between the properties of the polymer dispersions and the morphology of the obtained ultrafine fibers. With the changes of the mass ratio of PVDF/PC, the relative molecular mass of PVDF, and the volume ratio of DMF/THF, the morphology and the microstructure of the prepared PVDF/PC ultrafine fibers altered in accord with the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity of the PVDF/PC dispersions. When the PVDF/PC mass ratio varied from 9/1 to 5/5, the ability of the polymer chain entanglement in PVDF/PC dispersion decreased as to the lower relative molecular mass of PC and higher chain rigidity, which lead to the formation of the beaded fibers together with the distinct core/shell structure. Similar phenomenon was also found when the lower molecular mass of PVDF was used instead of a higher one. Though the change of DMF/THF volume ratio did not specifically contribute to the properties of PVDF/PC dispersions, the accelerated evaporation and solubility of the mixed solvent by the THF amount increasing was feasible to generate the uniform fibrous morphology and the distinct core/shell structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 372–380, 2010
Investigation of the Effects of Gas versus Liquid Deposition in an Aerosol‐Assisted Corona Deposition Process
Authors: O'Neill Liam , Herbert P. Anthony F. , Stallard Charles , Dowling Denis P.
Published: December 2009

The particle size of polymethylhydrogen siloxane (PHMS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) droplets nebulised into an atmospheric pressure plasma was investigated using laser particle imaging. At low precursor flow rates the volatile HMDSO monomer is shown to be vapourised by the nebulisation process and no discrete aerosol droplets enter the plasma. This results in a standard gas phase PECVD process. As the precursor flow rate increases, liquid aerosol droplets are detected in the plasma. The diameter and number of droplets is largely unaffected by exposure to the plasma and intact droplets exit the plasma and impact directly on the substrate. The change in precursor flow is found to significantly alter the surface morphology of the deposited coatings with minimal impact upon the coating chemistry.

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Create Special Domain News Collections through Summarization and Classification
Authors: Teng Zhi , Liu Ye , Ren Fuji
Published: December 2009

In this paper, we present a novel technique to create a special domain news collection system from really simple syndication (RSS) news sites through summarization and classification. The main aim of this research is to build a self‐sufficient news collection system in disaster domain. In this news collection system, we used new strategies and algorithms to mine news from RSS sites, recognized and collected disaster news using automatic summarization and classification. The most striking dissimilarity between our study and previous work is that we use a novel summary approach to improve the classification performance. This paper discusses the effect of summarization and classification model on system performance. Results show that our method yields a better performance in this field. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
LPV Modelling and Gain‐Scheduled Control Approach for the Transient Stabilization of Power Systems
Authors: He Rong , Liu Kang‐Zhi , Mei Shengwei
Published: December 2009

In this paper, a new control approach is proposed for the transient stabilization of a single‐machine infinite‐bus power system. The proposed method is based on linear parameter varying (LPV) modeling of the nonlinear power system and the design of a gain‐scheduled output feedback controller. It is well‐known that when large disturbances or a fault occurs, the nonlinearity inherent in power systems can no longer be ignored. The proposed method can handle the nonlinear model directly. First, we show that the nonlinear model can be transformed equivalently into an LPV system with the rotor angle as the scheduling parameter. Then, a gain‐scheduled output feedback controller is designed based on robust pole placement and L2‐gain minimization. Simulation results verify that the proposed method is better than well‐tuned conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) control. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fetal interlens distance: normal values during pregnancy
Authors: Kivilevitch Z. , Salomon L. J. , Benoit B. , Achiron R.
Published: December 2009

Objectives

The aims of this study were to establish normal ranges of values for interlens distance (ILD) during gestation, and to assess the correlation between ILD and growth of the orbits and other fetal biometric parameters.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of morphologically normal, singleton fetuses was carried out in low‐risk pregnant women. We measured the distance between the centers of the fetal lenses from 12 to 37 completed weeks of gestation. An oblique anterior coronal section was used to measure the ILD. The biorbital diameter (BOD) was measured in the same plane. We analyzed the correlation between the ILD and gestational age (GA), BOD, biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC). Fetal gender was assessed to evaluate possible significant differences.

Results

Four hundred and fifty normal fetuses were recruited for the study. In 427 fetuses appropriate ILD measurements were obtained, and complete evaluation of all parameters was accomplished in 377 of these. ILD demonstrated a high positive correlation with GA (r2 = 0.969), BPD (r2 = 0.959), HC (r2 = 0.962), AC (r2 = 0.949) and FL (r2 = 0.956) as pregnancy advanced. The mean BOD : ILD ratio was 1.50 ± 0.08, remaining constant throughout pregnancy (linear regression r2 = 0.006). No statistically significant differences were found between genders for mean ILD and GA of the study population (P = 0.604 and 0.595, respectively).

Conclusions

The results of this study confirm previous hypotheses regarding the close relationship between eyeball growth and growth of the surrounding bony structures. Measurement of fetal ILD, which can be used interchangeably with BOD measurement in either the axial or coronal plane, can be taken to reflect the expected development of the fetal orbits whilst simultaneously providing valuable information on eyeball development. It is likely that ILD could be used as a complementary tool in the elaboration of various severe abnormalities, mainly related to craniofacial and nervous system malformations. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adapting to drought in the Sahel: Lessons for climate change
Authors: Mortimore Michael
Published: December 2009

The Sahel's experience of adapting to changes in rainfall on a scale at least comparable to that of climate change scenarios, between the 1960s and the 1990s, suggests that lessons can be learnt that may have a wider utility for policy in the future. The Sahel is a major global agroecological region and its success in adaptation will influence the achievement of the global Millennium Development Goals. From simple typologies of adaptation strategies, our understanding of adaptive capacity has evolved over time (with accumulating observations) into a contextual model which places drought management at the center of a development process. Climate change impacts in future are very uncertain. Policies and interventions should therefore aim to build on the platform of past achievements and existing local knowledge to enable flexibility and diversity and the protection of assets of small‐scale farmers and herders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Mapping climate change knowledge: An editorial essay
Authors: Hulme Mike
Published: December 2009

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Secure handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in next‐generation communications: scenarios and performance
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hyouk , Chung Tai‐Myoung
Published: December 2009

As wireless mobile network technologies have grown tremendously over the past few years, security issues of protecting user privacy and network resources have emerged. Particularly, a mobile node (MN) must be authenticated in order to utilize the network resources whenever the MN performs its initial access or handover. In this paper, we present secure handover scenarios for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6): namely, handover re‐authentication (HORA)and handover early‐authentication (HOEA). The presented secure handover scenarios are based on EAP that is a common authentication framework for wireless mobile networks. Analysis results for the total handover latency and packet loss are presented to demonstrate whether the presented secure handover scenarios satisfy with real‐time applications. PMIPv6 is in the early stage of deployment in various wireless mobile networks. The conducted results in this paper thus offer the key to an understanding of feasibility of PMIPv6 in the coming next‐generation network environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between chord length and rime icing on wind turbines
Authors: Homola Matthew C. , Wallenius Tomas , Makkonen Lasse , Nicklasson Per J. , Sundsbø Per A.
Published: December 2009

Numerical simulations of ice accumulation on four different wind turbine blade profiles, from 450 kW, 600 kW, 1 MW and 2 MW, fixed speed, stall controlled, wind turbines, were performed to determine how wind turbine size affects atmospheric icing. The simulations indicate that dry rime icing is less severe for larger wind turbines both in terms of local ice mass and in terms of relative ice thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False‐positive newborn screening mimicking glutaric aciduria type I in infants with renal insufficiency
Authors: Hennermann Julia B. , Roloff Sylvia , Gellermann Jutta , Grüters Annette , Klein Jeannette
Published: December 2009

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA I), an autosomal‐recessive deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase, leads to encephalopathic crises resulting in irreversible neurological damage. As early diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment has significant benefit for these patients, GA I has been implemented in the extended newborn screening program in several countries. Screening parameter is glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) with its ratios. From 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2008, 173,846 newborns were examined by neonatal screening in our screening center. C5DC and/or at least three C5DC/acylcarnitine ratios were increased in 53 newborns (0.03%) and persisted in 11 infants after recall. GA I was not confirmed in any of these infants, but all 11 infants were suffering from renal insufficiency due to congenital (5/11) or acquired (6/11) renal disease. C5DC was shown to be significantly associated with renal affection and was significantly higher in infants with congenital renal insufficiency than in those with acquired renal insufficiency (p = 0.011). Creatinine correlated significantly with C5DC (p = 0.001) and all C5DC/acylcarnitine ratios, mainly with C5DC/(C8 + C10), C5DC/C0, C5DC/C2, C5DC/C4, and C5DC/C8 (for all: p = 0.001). Glutarylcarnitinemia associated with renal insufficiency has not yet been studied systematically. Renal damage in neonates might lead to disturbances in renal transporter systems of glutaric acid and its metabolites and a decreased excretion of C5DC, thus resulting in an increase of plasma C5DC. Therefore, newborns presenting with a positive screening indicating GA I may be considered not only to suffer from GA I but from renal insufficiency as well.
Vocal Authority
Authors: Potter John
Published: December 2009

Why do singers sing in the way they do? Why, for example, is western classical singing so different from pop singing? How is it that Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballé could sing together? These are the kinds of questions which John Potter, a singer with the Hilliard Ensemble and Red Byrd, and himself the master of many styles, poses in this fascinating book, which is effectively a history of singing style. He finds the reasons to be primarily ideological rather than specifically musical. His book identifies particular historical 'moments of change' in singing technique and style, and relates these to a three-stage theory of style based on the relationship of singing to text. There is a substantial section on meaning in singing, and a discussion of how the transmission of meaning is enabled or inhibited by different varieties of style or technique.
The Metrical Grammar of Beowulf
Authors: Kendall Calvin B.
Published: December 2009

This book argues that the formal art of the Old English epic Beowulf is shaped and determined by the poetic language which the poet inherited from the traditional, oral culture of Anglo-Saxon England. The patterns of metre and alliteration exhibited in the poem were not imposed by the poet on his language, but were part of the language which he spoke, the rules of which constituted his metrical grammar. Professor Kendall investigates the constraints of syntax, metre and alliteration which govern the formal art of Beowulf. He shows how the half-lines of the poem, which are the basic units of composition, are marked by the metrical grammar for placement in the verse clause; he also establishes conditions for the presence or absence of alliteration, which enable him to say whether in any given instance the alliterative device is a mandatory function of the rules of the metrical grammar or an option exercised by the poet. Professor Kendall alters traditional views of metre; he concludes the book with a complete index of scansion according to the rules he has established.
The Politics of Households in Ottoman Egypt
Authors: Hathaway Jane
Published: December 2009

In a lucidly argued revisionist study of Ottoman Egypt, first published in 1996, Jane Hathaway challenges the traditional view that Egypt's military elite constituted a revival of the institutions of the Mamluk sultanate. The author contends that the framework within which this elite operated was the household, a conglomerate of patron-client ties that took various forms. In this respect, she argues, Egypt's elite represented a provincial variation on an empire-wide, household-based political culture. The study focuses on the Qazdagli household. Originally, a largely Anatolian contingent within Egypt's Janissary regiment, the Qazdaglis dominated Egypt by the late eighteenth century. Using Turkish and Arabic archival sources, Jane Hathaway sheds light on the manner in which the Qazdaglis exploited the Janissary rank hierarchy, while forming strategic alliances through marriage, commercial partnerships and the patronage of palace eunuchs.
Britten's Musical Language
Authors: Rupprecht Philip
Published: December 2009

Blending insights from linguistic and social theories of speech, ritual and narrative with music-analytic and historical criticism, Britten's Musical Language offers interesting perspectives on the composer's fusion of verbal and musical utterance in opera and song. It provides close interpretative studies of the major scores (including Peter Grimes, Billy Budd, The Turn of the Screw, War Requiem, Curlew River and Death in Venice) and explores Britten's ability to fashion complex and mysterious symbolic dramas from the interplay of texted song and a wordless discourse of motives and themes. Focusing on the performative and social basis of language, Philip Rupprecht replaces traditional notions of textual 'expression' in opera with the interpretation of topics such as the role of naming and hate speech in Peter Grimes; the disturbance of ritual certainty in the War Requiem; and the codes by which childish 'innocence' is enacted in The Turn of the Screw.
Catullus and the Poetics of Roman Manhood
Authors: Wray David
Published: December 2009

This book applies comparative cultural and literary models to a reading of Catullus' poems as social performances of a 'poetics of manhood': a competitively, often outrageously, self-allusive bid for recognition and admiration. Earlier readings of Catullus, based on Romantic and Modernist notions of 'lyric' poetry, have tended to focus on the relationship with Lesbia and to ignore the majority of the shorter poems, which are instead directed at other men. Professor Wray approaches these poems in the light of more recent models for understanding male social interaction in the premodern Mediterranean, placing them in their specifically Roman historical context while bringing out their strikingly 'postmodern' qualities. The result is an alternative way of reading the fiercely aggressive and delicately refined agonism performed in Catullus' shorter poems. All Latin and Greek quoted is supplied with an English translation.
Aristotle on Truth
Authors: Crivelli Paolo
Published: December 2009

Aristotle's theory of truth, which has been the most influential account of the concept of truth from Antiquity onwards, spans several areas of philosophy: philosophy of language, logic, ontology and epistemology. In this 2004 book, Paolo Crivelli discusses all the main aspects of Aristotle's views on truth and falsehood. He analyses in detail the main relevant passages, addresses some well-known problems of Aristotelian semantics, and assesses Aristotle's theory from the point of view of modern analytic philosophy. In the process he discusses most of the literature on Aristotle's semantic theory to have appeared in the last two centuries. His book vindicates and clarifies the often repeated claim that Aristotle's is a correspondence theory of truth. It will be of interest to a wide range of readers working in both ancient philosophy and modern philosophy of language.
Deception and Democracy in Classical Athens
Authors: Hesk Jon
Published: December 2009

This book, first published in 2000, is a full-length study of the representation of deceit and lies in classical Athens. Dr Hesk traces the ways in which Athenian drama, democratic oratory and elite prose-writing construct and theorize a relationship between dishonesty and civic identity. He focuses on the ideology of military trickery, notions of the 'noble lie' and the developing associations of rhetorical language with deceptive communication. Deception and Democracy in Classical Athens combines close analysis of Athenian texts with lively critiques of modern theorists and classical scholars. Athenian democratic culture was crucially informed by a nuanced, anxious and dynamic discourse on the problems and opportunities which deception presented for its citizenry. Mobilizing comparisons with twentieth-century democracies, the author argues that Athenian literature made deception a fundamental concern for democratic citizenship. This ancient discourse on lying highlights the dangers of modern resignation and postmodern complacency concerning the politics and morality of deception.
Autobiography and Black Identity Politics
Authors: Mostern Kenneth
Published: December 2009

Why has autobiography been central to African American political speech throughout the twentieth century? What is it about the racialization process that persistently places African Americans in the position of speaking from personal experience? In Autobiography and Black Identity Politics: Racialization in Twentieth-Century America, Kenneth Mostern illustrates the relationship between narrative and racial categories such as 'colored', 'Negro', 'black' or 'African American' in the work of writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, Malcom X, Martin Luther King, Paul Robeson, Angela Davis and bell hooks. Mostern shows how these autobiographical narratives attempt to construct and transform the political meanings of blackness. The relationship between a black masculine identity that emerged during the 1960s, and the counter-movement of black feminism since the 1970s, is also discussed. This wide-ranging study will interest all those working in African American studies, cultural studies and literary theory.
Theorizing the Avant-Garde
Authors: Murphy Richard
Published: December 2009

In Modernism, Expressionism and Theories of the Avant Garde, Richard Murphy mobilises theories of the postmodern to challenge our understanding of the avant-garde. He assesses the importance of the avant-garde for contemporary culture and for the debates among theorists of postmodernism such as Jameson, Eagleton, Lyotard and Habermas. Murphy reconsiders the classic formulation of the avant-garde in Lukacs and Bloch, especially their discussion of aesthetic autonomy, and investigates the relationship between art and politics via a discussion of Marcuse, Adorno and Benjamin. Combining close textual readings of a wide range of films as well as works of literature, it draws on a rich array of critical theories, such as those of Bakhtin, Todorov, MacCabe, Belsey and Raymond Williams. This interdisciplinary project will appeal to all those interested in modernist and avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century, and provides a critical rethinking of the present-day controversy regarding postmodernity.
Anglo-Saxon Perceptions of the Islamic World
Authors: Scarfe Beckett Katharine
Published: December 2009

In this book, Scarfe Beckett is concerned with representations of the Islamic world prevalent in Anglo-Saxon England. Using a wide variety of literary, historical and archaeological evidence, she argues that the first perceptions of Arabs, Ismaelites and Saracens which derived from Christian exegesis preconditioned wester expressions of hostility and superiority towards peoples of the Islamic world, and that these received ideas prevailed even as material contacts increased between England and Muslim territory. Medieval texts invariably represented Muslim Arabs as Saracens and Ismaelites (or Hagarenes), described by Jerome as biblical enemies of the Christian world three centuries before Muhammad's lifetime. Two early ideas in particular - that Saracens worshipped Venus and dissembled their own identity - continued into the early modern period. This finding has interesting implications for earlier theses by Edward Said and Norman Daniel concerning the history of English perceptions of Islam.
Shakespeare's Humanism
Authors: Headlam Wells Robin
Published: December 2009

Renaissance humanists believed that if you want to build a just society you must begin with the facts of human nature. This book argues that the idea of a universal human nature was as important to Shakespeare as it was to every other Renaissance writer. In doing so it questions the central principle of post-modern Shakespeare criticism. Postmodernists insist that the notion of defining a human essence was alien to Shakespeare and his contemporaries; as radical anti-essentialists, the Elizabethans were, in effect, postmodernists before their time. In challenging this claim Shakespeare's Humanism shows that for Shakespeare, as for every other humanist writer in this period, the key to all wise action was 'the knowledge of our selves and our human condition'.
Milton and Ecology
Authors: Hiltner Ken
Published: December 2009

In Milton and Ecology, Ken Hiltner engages with literary, theoretical, and historic approaches to explore the ideological underpinnings of our prevalent environmental crisis. Focusing on Milton's rejection of dualistic theology, metaphysical philosophy, and early-modern subjectivism, Hiltner argues that Milton anticipates certain prevailing essential ecological arguments. Even more remarkable is that Milton was able to integrate these arguments with biblical sources so seamlessly that his interpretative 'Green' reading of scripture has for over three centuries been entirely plausible. This study considers how Milton, from the earliest edition of the Poems, not only sought to tell the story of how through humanity's folly Paradise on earth was lost, but also sought to tell how it might be regained. This intriguing study will be of interest to eco-critics and Milton specialists alike.
Foxe's 'Book of Martyrs' and Early Modern Print Culture
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2009

This book was first published in 2006. Second only to the Bible and Book of Common Prayer, John Foxe's Acts and Monuments, known as the Book of Martyrs, was the most influential book published in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The most complex and best-illustrated English book of its time, it recounted in detail the experiences of hundreds of people who were burned alive for their religious beliefs. John N. King offers the most comprehensive investigation yet of the compilation, printing, publication, illustration, and reception of the Book of Martyrs. He charts its reception across different editions by learned and unlearned, sympathetic and antagonistic readers. The many illustrations included here introduce readers to the visual features of early printed books and general printing practices both in England and continental Europe, and enhance this important contribution to early modern literary studies, cultural and religious history, and the history of the Book.
Making the English Canon
Authors: Kramnick Jonathan Brody
Published: December 2009

Jonathan Brody Kramnick's book examines the formation of the English canon over the first two-thirds of the eighteenth century. Kramnick details how the idea of literary tradition emerged out of a prolonged engagement with the institutions of cultural modernity, from the public sphere and national identity to capitalism and the print market. Looking at a wide variety of eighteenth-century critical writing, he analyses the tensions that inhabited the categories of national literature and public culture at the moment of their emergence.
Language and Conquest in Early Modern Ireland
Authors: Palmer Patricia
Published: December 2009

The Elizabethan conquest of Ireland sparked off two linguistic events of enduring importance: it initiated the language shift from Irish to English, which constitutes the great drama of Irish cultural history, and it marked the beginnings of English linguistic expansion. The Elizabethan colonisers in Ireland included some of the leading poets and translators of the day. In Language and Conquest in Early Modern Ireland, Patricia Palmer uses their writings, as well as material from the State Papers, to explore the part that language played in shaping colonial ideology and English national identity. Palmer shows how manoeuvres of linguistic expansion rehearsed in Ireland shaped Englishmen's encounters with the languages of the New World, and frames that analysis within a comparison between English linguistic colonisation and Spanish practice in the New World. This is an ambitious, comparative study, which will interest literary and political historians.
Liturgy and Literature in the Making of Protestant England
Authors: Rosendale Timothy
Published: December 2009

The Book of Common Prayer is one of the most important and influential books in English history, but it has received relatively little attention from literary scholars. This study seeks to remedy this by attending to the prayerbook's importance in England's political, intellectual, religious, and literary history. The first half of the book presents extensive analyses of the Book of Common Prayer's involvement in early modern discourses of nationalism and individualism, and argues that the liturgy sought to engage and textually reconcile these potentially competing cultural impulses. In its second half, Liturgy and Literature traces these tensions in subsequent works by four major authors - Sidney, Shakespeare, Milton, and Hobbes - and contends that they operate within the dialectical parameters laid out in the prayerbook decades earlier. Rosendale's analyses are supplemented by a brief history of the Book of Common Prayer, and by an appendix which discusses its contents.
Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage
Authors: Sokol B. J. , Sokol Mary
Published: December 2009

This interdisciplinary study combines legal, historical and literary approaches to the practice and theory of marriage in Shakespeare's time. It uses the history of English law and the history of the contexts of law to study a wide range of Shakespeare's plays and poems. The authors approach the legal history of marriage as part of cultural history. The household was viewed as the basic unit of Elizabethan society, but many aspects of marriage were controversial, and the law relating to marriage was uncertain and confusing, leading to bitter disagreements over the proper modes for marriage choice and conduct. The authors point out numerous instances within Shakespeare's plays of the conflict over status, gender relations, property, religious belief and individual autonomy versus community control. By achieving a better understanding of these issues, the book illuminates both Shakespeare's work and his age.
Science, Reading, and Renaissance Literature
Authors: Spiller Elizabeth
Published: December 2009

Science, Reading, and Renaissance Literature brings together key works in early modern science and imaginative literature (from the anatomy of William Harvey and the experimentalism of William Gilbert to the fictions of Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser and Margaret Cavendish). The book documents how what have become our two cultures of belief define themselves through a shared aesthetics that understands knowledge as an act of making. Within this framework, literary texts gain substance and intelligibility by being considered as instances of early modern knowledge production. At the same time, early modern science maintains strong affiliations with poetry because it understands art as a basis for producing knowledge. In identifying these interconnections between literature and science, this book contributes to scholarship in literary history, history of reading and the book, science studies and the history of academic disciplines.
Shakespeare and the Force of Modern Performance
Authors: Worthen W. B.
Published: December 2009

Shakespeare and the Force of Modern Performance asks a central theoretical question in the study of drama: what is the relationship between the dramatic text and the meanings of performance? Developing the notion of 'performativity' explored by J. L. Austin, Judith Butler, and others, Worthen argues that the text cannot govern the force of its performance. Instead the text becomes significant only as embodied in the changing conventions of its performance. Worthen explores this understanding of dramatic performativity by interrogating several contemporary sites of Shakespeare production. He analyses how Shakespeare is recreated in historical performance, exemplified by the Globe Theatre on Bankside; by international and intercultural performance; by film; and by the appearance of Shakespeare on the Internet. The book includes detailed discussions of recent film and stage productions, and sets Shakespeare performance alongside other works of contemporary drama and theatre.
Romanticism and the Gothic
Authors: Gamer Michael
Published: December 2009

This is the first full-length study to examine the links between high Romantic literature and what has often been thought of as a merely popular genre - the Gothic. Michael Gamer offers a sharply focused analysis of how and why Romantic writers drew on Gothic conventions whilst, at the same time, denying their influence in order to claim critical respectability. He shows how the reception of Gothic literature, including its institutional and commercial recognition as a form of literature, played a fundamental role in the development of Romanticism as an ideology. In doing so he examines the early history of the Romantic movement and its assumptions about literary value, and the politics of reading, writing and reception at the end of the eighteenth century. As a whole the book makes an original contribution to our understanding of genre, tracing the impact of reception, marketing and audience on its formation.
Romantic Atheism
Authors: Priestman Martin
Published: December 2009

Romantic Atheism explores the links between English Romantic poetry and the first burst of outspoken atheism in Britain from the 1780s onwards. Martin Priestman examines the work of Blake, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley, Byron and Keats in their most intellectually radical periods, establishing the depth of their engagement with such discourses, and in some cases their active participation. Equal attention is given to less canonical writers: such poet-intellectuals as Erasmus Darwin, Sir William Jones, Richard Payne Knight and Anna Laetitia Barbauld, and controversialists including Holbach, Volney, Paine, Priestley, Godwin, Richard Carlile and Eliza Sharples (these last two in particular representing the close links between punishably outspoken atheism and radical working-class politics). Above all, the book conveys the excitement of Romantic atheism, whose dramatic appeals to new developments in politics, science and comparative mythology lend it a protean energy belied by the common and more recent conception of 'loss of faith'.
From Dickens to Dracula
Authors: Houston Gail Turley
Published: December 2009

Ranging from the panoramic novels of Dickens to the horror of Dracula, Gail Turley Houston examines the ways in which the language and imagery of economics, commerce and banking are transformed in Victorian Gothic fiction, and traces literary and uncanny elements in economic writings of the period. Houston shows how banking crises were often linked with ghosts or inexplicable non-human forces and financial panic was figured through Gothic or supernatural means. In Little Dorrit and Villette characters are literally haunted by money, while the unnameable intimations of Dracula and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde are represented alongside realist economic concerns. Houston pays particular attention to the term 'panic' as it moved between its double uses as a banking term and a defining emotion in sensational and Gothic fiction. This stimulating interdisciplinary book reveals that the worlds of Victorian economics and Gothic fiction, seemingly separate, actually complemented and enriched each other.
Realism, Ethics and Secularism
Authors: Levine George
Published: December 2009

George Levine is one of the world's leading scholars of Victorian literature and culture. This collection of his essays develops the key themes of his work: the intersection of nineteenth-century British literature, culture and science and the relation of knowledge and truth to ethics. The essays offer perspectives on George Eliot, Thackeray, the Positivists, and the Scientific Naturalists, and reassess the complex relationship between Ruskin and Darwin. In readings of Lawrence and Coetzee, Levine addresses Victorian and modern efforts to push beyond the limits of realist art by testing its aesthetic and epistemological limits in engagement with the self and the other. Some of Levine's most important contributions to the field are reprinted, in revised and updated form, alongside previously unpublished material. Together, these essays cohere into an exploration both of Victorian literature and culture and of ethical, epistemological, and aesthetic problems fundamental to our own times.