bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arisa Nest – A Cloud-Based Platform for Development of Virtual Assistant
Authors: Zambiasi Saulo Popov , Rabelo Ricardo J.
Published: May 2020

The use of virtual assistants has become popularized by their adhesion by large companies. This is because they have brought benefits to a certain extent in people’s daily activities or in their tasks in organizations, with reminders, automation of repetitive tasks, proposing solutions for various situations, etc.. To meet this demand, several tools have been developed to create this type of agent. Following the same trends, this paper presents the Arisa Nest platform, under the Platform as a Service model, as a tool to create virtual assistants with resources to manage information about users, create algorithms to give more effective answers, consume web services to the interoperability with other systems and with proactivity behaviors. Finally, some cases are presented using the platform in real scenarios and tests.
Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants
Authors: Nikolic Bogdan , Waisi Hadi , Djurovic Sanja , Dugalic Milos , Jovanovic Vladan
Published: May 2020

We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides
and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other
non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of
our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various
parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well
as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of
plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops.
The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the
germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and
most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield
components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as
well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars,
secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality.
It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of
various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic
parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of
agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals
affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize
plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed
that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements,
starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents
in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological
situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of
yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not
have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the
context of results of other researchers.
Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato
Authors: Radivojevic Ljiljana , Saric-Krsmanovic Marija , Gajic-Umiljendic Jelena , Santric Ljiljana
Published: May 2020

Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L.
and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that
are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to
evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four
invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The
results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A.
theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had
different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato.
The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of
decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X.
strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had
only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results
showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating
effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential
of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other
three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate
technology to improve tomato production.
Photocatalytic degradation of carbamate insecticides: Effect of different parameters
Authors: Tomasevic Andjelka , Mijin Dusan , Marinkovic Aleksandar , Cvijetic Ilija , Gasic Slavica
Published: May 2020

Photocatalytic degradation of a model compound of the carbamate insecticide
carbofuran in water was studied using polychromatic light and ZnO and TiO2
catalysts. The influence of operational parameters, such as reaction time
and initial carbofuran concentration, on photocatalytic degradation was
studied. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was established and an almost
complete removal of 88.4 mg L-1 of carbofuran occurred within 2 h under
optimized conditions. The reactions were examined by UV spectroscopy and
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the
photocatalytic efficiencies of ZnO and TiO2 were compared under the same
reaction conditions.
Toxic and sublethal effects of buprofezin on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan
Authors: Drobnjakovic Tanja , Marcic Dejan , Prijovic Mirjana , Milenkovic Slobodan
Published: May 2020

Acute toxicity of a buprofezin-based product (commercial product Elisa 440
SC) to pupae of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae), and its effects on life history traits and population growth
in F1 generation of a commercial strain (?Dutch? strain, D) and two local
populations from Serbia (Bujanovac, B; Negotin, N) were examined in
laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27?1?C temperature and
60?10% relative humidity, and under 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in
four replications. In an acute toxicity bioassay, tobacco leaves carrying
parasitoid pupae (20 pupae per replicate) were treated with a series of
buprofezin concentrations covering a 10-90% mortality range, and mortality
was calculated based on the number of emerging adults 9 days after
treatment. The following LC50 (mg/l) estimates were obtained: 244.2, 281.5
and 199.5 (for B, N and D, respectively). The product based on buprofezin,
applied to parasitoid pupae at concentrations within the LC50s and 95%
confidence limits (264 mg/l for B and N; 220 mg/l for D), significantly
prolonged the duration of juvenile development (2, 1.7 and 2.2 days for B, N
and D, respectively, compared to control data). Females from all tested
populations that emerged from the treated pupae and were exposed to the
residual action of buprofezin lived shorter than control females (B, N and D
by 1.5, 0.7 and 1.7 days, respectively). Also, females that emerged from the
treated pupae achieved a significantly reduced level of parasitism (B, N and
D by 11.7, 17.7 and 17.6 %, respectively), total adult emergence (B, N and D
by 11.6, 17.8 and 17.8 %, respectively) and instantaneous rate of increase
(B, N and D by 8.2, 6.8 and 12.5 %, respectively), compared to control. More
precise determination of risks involved in the use of buprofezin requires
its more detailed field testing.
Analysis of sexual harassment instruments by Rasch Modeling to identify sexual harassers
Authors: Erwinda Lira , Nirwana Herman , Afdal Afdal
Published: May 2020

Sexual harassment is an issue that has attracted much attention in both children and adults. However, the victims often prefer to be silent on the matter for several reasons, even though it may have long term effects on them. Thevictims of sexual harassment need to be educated to increase awareness of the associated risks. To realize this goal, the perpetrators of this vile needs to be identified first, though this requires valid and reliable instruments. Thereis a sexual harassment instrument that facilitates the identification of the perpetrators. This instrument includes eight indicators with 32 items. Thehe results of testing the validity and reliability of the instrument with RASCH modeling shows that it meets the requirements and therefore it can be used to identify perpetrators of sexual harassment in Vocational High school.
Logistics of Container Transport in the Yangtze & Yellow Sea Regions
Authors: Browning Jess
Published: May 2020

In the 21st Century, a region 's growth and prosperity will depend upon its intermodal transportation infrastructure and its ability to efficiently move goods, materials, and people within the system whether it be from origin to destination; from supplier to customer through the various levels of the supply-chain; or from point to point within the system. Planning for the future focuses on improving a region 's intermodal transportation system efficiencies and infrastructure, its connection to other economies, and on the development of logistics institutions and facilities.

With China 's rapidly developing economy and society, record numbers of new modern facilities such as airports, ports, highways, logistics parks and warehouses are being built. Along with this, companies have made extensive investments in information technologies and software to support the tremendous growth that has taken place in the logistics industry. The development and improvement of China's historic inland water transport system is essential to their continued future growth and prosperity. In Korea, past and present National Governments have emphasized the importance of developing a North East Asian Logistics and Business Hub in their region and have worked on strategies, which include water transport, as part of an important national agenda to that end.

This article looks at how trade flows in the Yangtze and Yellow Sea Regions and between China and South Korea might be enhanced by application of improved shipping methods in marine commerce that will promote economic growth in the region. The application of logistics practices and use of barges is explored for the movement of containers on inland and coastal waterways as well as in short sea shipping which could greatly facilitate the region 's situation with respect to future economic growth.
The Impact of Terrorism on Cycle Times in International Supply Chains
Authors: Rahman Shams , Findlay Christopher
Published: May 2020

Supply chains in East Asia are being redesigned following the reassessment of the risk of disruption through terrorist attacks. The nature of these risks and of the costs of the private sector responses is reviewed. The research available suggests the costs incurred are substantial. Government regulation applied to security matters also applies within supply chains. It too has been redesigned in response to the change in the risk of terrorist attacks. Examples of its impacts, and its costs and benefits, are presented. Relevant empirical work remains scarce, but principles for government's role can be identified.
The Employment Maximizing Import Quota Under Domestic Monopoly
Authors: Kaempfer William H. , Tower Edward , Willett Thomas D.
Published: May 2020

We consider a domestic monopolist who is protected by an import quota on the product he produces. He faces a domestic demand curve which is characterized by a constant price elasticity. He is unable to export and has an upward sloping marginal cost curve. We demonstrate that in this case his employment of labor rises with the import quota until imports rise to a fraction lie of domestic output where e is the elasticity of domestic demand. Thus, the employment maximizing quota sets permissible imports at a fraction of domestic output which is at least as high as the reciprocal of the elasticity of demand. We also make a case for liberalizing all the way right away, "cold turkey liberalization. "
Global Flows, Local Hubs, Platforms and Corridors ; Regional and Economic Integration in Northeast Asia
Authors: Rimmer Peter J.
Published: May 2020

Toyota's internationally coordinated production system in Asia and its selection of supply bases in South America and South Africa highlights the significance of recognizing global network firms and the global hub-and-spoke logistics system that has been developed to meet their needs. This system underpins the expansion of container shipping, air freight and telecommunications. Recognition of Main Street, linking Europe, Asia and North America with cui-desacs in Africa, Australasia and Central and South America, provides a framework for examining the relative importance of the system's hubs and terminals across different modes and regions. This analysis provides the basis for identifying and ranking key regional logistics platforms in Northeast Asia and their attraction as headquarter sites for global network firms. Examining the logistical situation pertaining after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s and a decade later is used to gauge progress towards regional economic integration in Northeast Asia.
Korea-Mexico Economic Relationship and FTA
Authors: Hyun Oh-seok
Published: May 2020

During the last 20 years trade between Korea and Mexico has increased steadily, reaching $2.8 billion in 2003. This trade expansion will be further accelerated with the increase in intra-industry trade in the future. Mexico's chronic trade deficit against Korea, which is attributed to Korea's increasing investment in Mexico, has rather contributed to Mexico's exports to the American region.

As Mexico expands its FTA networks, Korean companies are having difficulties in accessing the Mexican market. Considering this situation and the economic benefits of a Korea-Mexico FTA for both countries, we should first expand cooperation between private sectors, which is expected to facilitate a formal discussion on the Korea-Mexico FTA.
Development Strategy of Schiphol Airport and Lessons for Incheon as a Logistics Hub
Authors: de Wit Jaap
Published: May 2020

Lessons are drawn from the experience of the logistics hub at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport for Korea s Inc he on International Airport. After providing an overview of the air cargo market the key factors underpinning the success of air cargo hubs are outlined. Examples are provided of Schiphol's multi-level strategy that aims at being simultaneously an air transport hub, a multimodal hub, and a logistics hub as a part of the airport city strategy. Consideration needs to be given to how the successful development of an air transport hub depends on the capacity problems at other competing air traffic nodes in the region. With this background, interest is centered upon the prospects of the Incheon International Airport becoming a cargo hub for Japan.
Logistics and Matter-Element Models Based on the Firm’s Innovative Approach
Authors: Ji Guojun
Published: May 2020

In the development processes of a product’s market life cycle, there are three phases of an enterprise’s innovation: new product development, production processes, and product management. In this article, the analyses of benefit and costs, value, and profit to companies are discussed in different stages. New logistics features that appear in an enterprise’s supply chain based on innovative modeling are discussed. Then a logistics model and its technical system based on the classified logistics center are established, which are appropriate for innovative modeling within an agile supply chain. Using the basic theory and techniques of ‘extenics’, the formal conception of innovative modeling-based manufacture in logistics is presented, and the matter-element models are established. Finally, a case study demonstrates the results.
Analysis of the Logistics Patterns of Korea’s Free Economic Zones in Northeast Asia and the Implications
Authors: Ha Hun-Koo , Kim Tae Seung , Kim Yong Jin
Published: May 2020

This paper analyzes the logistics patterns of Korea to elaborate the strategies of Korean Free Economic Zones (FEZs) in relation to Northeast Asian logistics hubs. As the surface transportation of Korea, China and Japan, is cut off by geographical factors and by political border lines, this paper confines the analysis scope to air and maritime transportation.

From the analysis of air and maritime transportation in Northeast Asian region, this paper tries to understand the cargo flow from and to Korean airports and ports by region and by commodity types, and thereby, to identify the main counterpart regions of trade by commodity types and by modes. The policy implications for the development strategy of Korean FEZs (Incheon, Busan, and Gwangyang) are described from those analyses.
On the Integration of Logistics Activities by Shipping Lines: The Case of East-Asia
Authors: Parola Francesco , Lee Sung-Woo , Ferrari Claudio
Published: May 2020

In the 1990s, following the challenges imposed by globalisation, the liner shipping industry experienced profound changes, leading major carriers to create ad-hoc logistics business-units. Nevertheless the vertical integration of shipping lines along the transport chain faced important entry barriers in various regions.This paper aims at analysing the impact of such barriers on carriers’ pathways of expansion in the logistics business. It mainly focuses on the East-Asian market, as a relevant empirical case in which important institutional and socio-political obstacles are still in force .Main results disclose sui-generis paths of expansion achieved by major carriers, in contrast with linear constructs of time and space proposed by classical TNC theories. In such respect, port operations reveal to be the most critical stage of the chain. The ‘sidestep’ of the port phase, leading to investments in other on-shore activities (warehousing, inland terminals, etc.) as well as the implementation of aggressive financial campaigns (acquisitions and takeovers), reveal the unfaltering will of top shipping lines: the quick achievement of a successful vertical and horizontal expansion despite environmental obstacles.
The rise of China: to whom is it scary?
Authors: Hyun Jung Taik , Tcha Moon Joong
Published: May 2020

China has been the most important economic partner to Korea since the resurrection of their diplomatic relationship and economic interaction. It has been suggested that China simultaneously presents challenges and opportunities to the Korean economy. This paper investigates changes in trade specialization patterns and comparative advantage of Korea and China, and analyzes the effect of market expansion of Chinese industries on market shares of Korean industries. It is found that since the early 1990s, the industries that lost market share as China’s share increased include those in which Korea has maintained a comparative advantage or improved the level of disadvantage, such as IT equipment and other transport equipments. Considering growth of trade flows and emergence of China, it is critical for Korea to actively participate in international production chains, create competitive edges and extend complementary relationship with trading partners.
Integrating the supply chain management system operated by multinational corporations within global logistics
Authors: Rimmer Peter J. , Hamilton Mary Krome
Published: May 2020

Intersectionist, unionist and relabelling models have largely superseded the subsumption of supply chain management within logistics that formed the basis of the traditionalist model. As there is little congruence between logistics and supply chain management in the emergent intersectionist model, this is eliminated from consideration at the outset. However, an examination of the new unionist and relabelling models, offering differing permutations of the relationship between logistics and supply chain management, suggests that they offer a misleading foundation for examining the costs involved with the dispersal of supply chain activities across the world. The root problem is the failure to integrate the industrial goods transformation network operated by multinational corporations with the global transport and communications network. Reverting to privileging the global transportation and communications network over the industrial goods transformation network in a revamped traditionalist model can overcome this difficulty and open up new research vistas.
Towards a generic framework for the development of logistics in seaports: lessons from the Busan case
Authors: Theys Christophe , Ryoo Dong Keun , Notteboom Theo
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a generic framework on port logistics development and its interaction with hinterland regions. Although earlier work on the topic (e.g. by Ferrari et al., 2006; Kuipers and Eenhuizen, 2004) offers valuable insights in the subject, it contains limitations in geographical applicability. Ports indeed face dissimilarities in, for instance, locational characteristics (a.o. distance from the sea and nautical accessibility) and hinterland connections. Only when a model for determining seaport-located logistics activities takes into account these issues of dissimilarity among ports, the framework could be applied to a variety of seaport ranges worldwide. In this paper we aim to provide a first version of such a framework. More particularly, by means of a survey conducted in the Port of Busan the shortcomings of traditional approaches are illustrated. We then propose a more encompassing model, which seems to explain fairly well the attractiveness of Busan in terms of logistics activities. This framework explicitly adds port and hinterland characteristics to the list of factors decisive in the choice of the location of logistics activities. Finally, we would like to remark that our research on this topic is still ongoing and results for surveys planned in New York and Antwerp will be reported in a later stage.
Market-driven economic integration in the 21st century: potential roles for APEC, WTO and the G20
Authors: Elek Andrew
Published: May 2020

Economic integration in the 21st century is driven largely by market signals, rather than by inter-governmental trading arrangements. It also means much more than “free trade.” Integration needs to consider all of the ways economies are connected in international markets, including trade in goods, services ideas and information, along with essential and complementary international movements of people and capital.

Except for a small number of sensitive products, especially in agriculture, most goods and services face no, or very low, formal trade barriers. Reducing border protection of the remaining sensitive products will certainly require negotiations, but they are no longer the most strategic obstacles to economic integration.

These days, the problems of most concern of those engaged in international commerce are logistics, communications, coping with security concerns and with different regulations in other economies. The effective constraint to designing and implementing cooperative arrangements to reduce such costs or risks of international commerce is the capacity to do so, rather than political resistance. Inter-governmental negotiations are not always necessary to deal with these practical issues.

Therefore, it should be possible to have a logical division of effort between APEC and the WTO in the Asia Pacific with the WTO dealing with those issues that do need to be negotiated; and APEC dealing with the many other issues where negotiations are not needed. In the longer term, an efficient division of labour could also emerge between the G20 and the WTO.
Global imbalance, rebalancing and implications for Korea
Authors: Hyun Jung Taik , Lee Jun Yeop , Hong Jin Young
Published: May 2020

This paper examines global imbalance and rebalancing issues from the viewpoint of Korea. As IMF (2009) notes, the unwinding of global imbalance seems inevitable and, in fact, it is in progress. We illustrate that Korea, with a flexible exchange rate system and relatively balanced current accounts, has little direct linkage to global imbalance. However, we also find that Korea is not immune to the costly adjustment process of imbalance due to the triangular trade between Korea, China and the U.S. The fact that Korea is ‘indirectly’ linked to global imbalance limits Korea’s ability to cope with the situation. Boosting domestic demand, often mentioned recommendation for East Asia, is not an appropriate solution for Korea with low personal savings rate. A lot depends on China’s policy. If China reduces its dependence on U.S. market and increases domestic consumption despite unemployment risk in export manufacturing sector, it will provide Korea with an opportunity for more stable growth based on China’s final demand. Korea can also make efforts to increase economic integration and expand monetary cooperation in Asia that would help to increase consumption demands and final goods trade in the region.
Common Logistics Center adoption in Korea’s small and medium companies
Authors: Hong Seock-Jin , Kim Kwang-Seog , Leem Choon-Woo
Published: May 2020

This article reports on the current state of Common Logistics Center (CLC) adoption in Korea’s industrial complex, identifies the benefits of and barriers of adopting Common Logistics Centers, and provides recommendations for the adoption/expansion of Common Logistics Centers. The author surveyed a cross-sectional of 175 firms in the industry, followed by interviews in an industrial complex in Incheon, Korea. The author founded the benefits and barriers of Common Logistics Centers and the major factors that encourage companies’ participation.
An applicable model for Free Industrial-Economic Zone(FIEZ) in Navoi in cooperation with Korea
Authors: Khodjaev Bakhodyr , Oh Se Kwang
Published: May 2020

Advantage of its geologic location lying at the heart of Central Asia with a large internal market of 27 million people and easy access to CIS market of over 142 million people enables Uzbekistan to form the hub of the region. Its transport and communications networks are connected with the other Central Asian countries. FIEZ in Navoi would be the representative model in CIS and be built on the best practice of next generation model as special national economic zones. Considering that the most of modern business is made through the web connection basis even for the flight management, cargo trace and other controls and operations, the importance of web connection should be stable, reliable and affordable for tenants and business entities at the FIEZ in Navoi. In these regards, cooperation work of both countries to study more details mentioned in this paper as well as other applicable models from Korean Free Economic Zone cases for the full picture of execution and promotion of the FIEZ in Navoi, Uzbekistan is considered.
Container port selection factors: heterogeneity among major market players
Authors: Lee Sang-Yoon , Chang Young-Tae , Lee Paul Tae-Woo
Published: May 2020

This study explores the main factors considered when shippers and container shipping lines select their import/export and transshipment ports. In the present study, 38 container port selection indices were chosen from the previous research and field interviews. The scores of the 38 items were collected via survey to the three major maritime/port market players: shippers, shipping lines, and container terminal operators. In order to analyze the different priorities imposed on the port selection factors by the three market players, the ANOVA method has been employed. The empirical test shows the different perceptions about port selection attributes among service suppliers and demanders. In addition, the 38 items have been categorized into seven key factors through an exploratory factor analysis. The ANOVA technique was employed again to analyze the perspective differences for the port selection factors among the market players. The results show that there are significant differences among the players assessing the importance of the three port choice factors: liners and terminal operators give more weight to ‘hinterland and terminal basic conditions’ than shippers; terminal operators do not take ‘line operation’ as seriously as carriers and shippers; the factor of ‘terminal operation’ is more significantly considered by liners and terminal operators than by shippers.
Analysis of Causal Relationship between Supply Chain Security and Its Performance Using Balanced Scorecard Model
Authors: Park Ji-Young , Min Jung Ung , Park Jeong Soo
Published: May 2020

Though logistics security only took care of trading phase in the past, many countries in the world have begun to introduce logistics security system as its coverage has been extended from production stage to delivery at the final destination. Logistics security system has become indispensable element for global corporations involved in international trading and studies on logistics security keep going on. Most of the studies, however, are focused on discussion of system, cost and influence of logistics security and few of them have been specifically dealing with substantial effectiveness thereof. This study developed the models of supply chain security activities and their outcome by means of using Balanced Scorecard (BCS) which is a well known performance indicator to identify relationship between supply chain security activities and their accomplishment. In this study we have presented 8 supply chain frameworks, human resources management, information system management, facilities/freight management, security process, crisis management capability, relationship with partners, sharing of logistics information and logistics security accomplishment, with reference to standards of C-TPAT and AEO based on WCO framework, 10 supply chain security capabilities. This study further indicates that relationship with partners has more effect on logistics security accomplishment than sharing of logistic information. Just as relationship between corporations in chain of supply and sharing of information among them are important elements in management of supply chain, relationship with partners and sharing of logistic information will have positive effect on supply chain security accomplishment and raise its effectiveness.
The Effects of Innovation and Market Orientation on Customer Service for Customs Clearance Firms in the International Logistics Processes: the Analyses of Direct, Indirect, Causal Effects and Moderating Effects between Variables
Authors: Bae Heesung , Lee Yangkee , Lee Wooyoung
Published: May 2020

This study has two objectives. The first aim is to ascertain whether innovation and market orientation have direct, indirect, and causal effects on customer service. The second objective is to ascertain whether market orientation has a moderating effect on the relationship between innovation and customer service. This research follows three distinct methodologies. The first approach uses Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in order to check reliability while an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factory analysis ascertain validity. The second method uses the analysis of structural equation models to test a causal link between variables. The third methodology uses a moderated regression analysis to verify the moderating effects. As our analysis results show, intelligence generation and intelligence dissemination have a moderating effect on the relationship between innovation and flexibility. These results can be interpreted as follows: firstly, customs clearance firms can provide superior service to customers if they strive to understand customer needs and provide them with flexible service at the same time. Secondly, these firms can enhance their flexibility of service in all departments though innovation and information sharing acquired from the market.
Scenario Based Global Supply Chain Planning Process Considering Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Lee Hongjoo , Jung Hosang
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a scenario based global supply chain planning (GSCP) process considering demand uncertainty originated from various global supply chain risks. To generate the global supply chain plan, we first formulate a GSCP model. Then, we need to generate several scenarios which can represent various demand uncertainties. Lastly, a planning procedure for considering those defined scenarios is applied. Unlike the past related researches, we adopt the fuzzy set theory to represent the demand scenarios. Also, a scenario voting process is added to calculate a probability (possibility) of each scenario. An illustrative example based on a real world case is presented to show the feasibility of the proposed planning process.
Assisting Trade Adjustment in Korea: Is it a Facilitating Device for FTA Implementation?
Authors: HEO Yoon
Published: May 2020

The Korean government has begun to implement the TAA system since May 2007 in order to support small and medium firms whose sales, production and profits have decreased due to the intensified import competition. This paper analyzes the performance of the Korean TAA program based on the experience for the last five years and aims to suggest some relevant policy implications out of it. We find that the newly introduced Korean TAA system failed to accomplish the objectives of the program it had originally planned. It also failed to be an effective means for internal negotiations. All the efforts to retain marginal firms in comparative disadvantage turned out to be a big failure. This poor performance will threaten the system’s own existence in the near future. Even if the TAA system continues to exist, it will inevitably be converted into a worker-centered program instead of a firm-oriented industrial policy. Protecting people by protecting their jobs could be a strategy mistake. With the launch of new government of Korea in 2013, curtailing or abolishing the financial assistance program for marginal firms needs to be implemented immediately. Moreover, consulting services need to be more professional and customized.
Comparative Analysis of Methodologies to Evaluate Air Cargo Carriers’ Service Quality: Focusing on SERVQUAL and SERVPERF
Authors: Park A Rim , Ha Hun-Koo
Published: May 2020

With an increasing air cargo demand in the global air cargo transport industry, not only domestic airlines but also foreign carriers are actively investing in the air cargo service sector and trying to provide a differentiated service in order to gain a competitive advantage. There are a variety of service quality models available but most research to date has not found an optimal model for the air cargo service sector.

Using questionnaire data collected from air freight forwarders in Korea with respect to the air cargo service provided by Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, and foreign carriers(JAL or China Eastern), this paper compares four models in measuring the service quality in the air cargo sector and identifies the best model. We then analyze the weakness of each airline’s service operation and make suggestions for improvement.

For demonstration analysis, the survey of domestic air cargo forwarders revealed that Reliability>Responsiveness> Supply ability>Security in important order in air cargo service quality dimension. In the context of this paper, we considered four models-unweighted SERVQUAL, unweighted SERVPERF, weighted SERVQUAL, and weighted SERVPERF–for our investigation into which is the most suitable model in the air cargo service sector with testing of goodness of fit by three criteria. Our results indicate that the most suitable model for the air cargo service sector is the weighted SERVPERF model.
The Effects of FTA on Trade under Different Degree of Product Substitution and Imports Market Structure
Authors: Park Koo Woong
Published: May 2020

We study here the effects of FTA on demand, consumer surplus, dealer profit, and tariff revenue depending on the degree of substitution between two goods and import competition structure in a two country’s static model. We consider monopolist dealer, and perfect competition in imports market. The base model is with a positive tariff and we compare the equilibrium with a zero tariff under FTA. The rankings in the consumer utility are such that it is i) the highest under perfect competition with FTA or without FTA, ii) second highest under monopoly with FTA, and iii) the lowest under monopoly without FTA.
An Economic and Institutional Analysis of Multi-Port Gateway Regions in the Black Sea Basin
Authors: Grushevska Kateryna , Notteboom Theo
Published: May 2020

The concept of ‘multi-port gateway region’ has been introduced by Notteboom (2010) and has been applied to important seaport markets such as Europe and Asia. However, the dynamics and port development patterns in secondary multi-port gateway regions, such as the Black Sea region, have received far less attention in academic literature. An empirical application of established spatial and functional development models to such secondary port regions might substantiate the external validity of these models as these ports operate in a different spatial, economic and institutional environment.

The aim of the paper is to characterize the spatial dynamics of container ports of the Black Sea multi-port gateway regions by testing the validity of established spatial models on port system development. Furthermore, the expected future evolution path for port hierarchy in the Black Sea basin is discussed. By doing so, the paper assesses to what extent the Black Sea port region is following an ‘expected’ development path as portrayed in a number of port system development models, or alternatively, can be characterized as an atypical port system following its own development logic.
Increasing Financial Health Stability Of Logistics Companies: A Thailand Case
Authors: Songsang Jaruwan , Suthiwartnarueput Kamonchanok , Pornchaiwiseskul Pongsa
Published: May 2020

The purposes of this paper are 1) to develop model of long term financial health for logistics companies in Thailand 2) to identify factors that determine long term financial stability. Many researchers currently provide factors affecting financial health. Most factors refer to financial ratios, not many non-financial ratios such as age and size have been mentioned. This paper considers both financial and non-financial ratios that affect financial performance of Logistics companies in Thailand. The study has covered some interesting non-financial ratios such as Nationality of Shareholders, type of network in Logistics Company, growth rate (consisted of sales growth rate/profit growth rate/asset growth rate / Liability growth rate) and variable of growth rates. The target group is 110 logistics companies in Thailand enlisted from Department of International Trade Promotion Ministry of Commerce, Royal Thai Government. The group is divided into three categories according to financial health of company; Healthy financial, Unhealthy (Distress) and normal situation. The Multidiscriminant Analysis (MDA) is applied to analyze the differentiations among the three categories. Significant variables from MDA will be used as the independent variables for Multimonial Logistic Regression Analysis (MLRA) to identify factors that determine long terms financial stability. This paper find CF/D, RE/TA, BE/TL, Size, Age, Type of network, Nationality of Shareholders and Number of Shareholders are significant factors determine long term financial stability of Logistics company in Thailand.
A Practical Review of Green Supply Chain Management: Disciplines and Best Practices
Authors: Pourhejazy Pourya , Kwon Oh Kyoung
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, climate change and environmental pollution have become major international concerns, in which logistics and manufacturing activities are playing the major role. In the past decade, more attention has been directed toward environmental issues than ever before. The Paris agreement is one of the most recent milestones in this regard. Due to local and international legislation, managers are highly encouraged to seek out sustainable innovations and strategies to reduce the negative impacts of their business activities. An array of academic and practical activities has been formed around the greening of the supply chain (SC). This paper attempts to review and classify green supply chain management (GSCM) disciplines and best practices from a practical point of view. The authors also investigate the different areas of application and review the GSCM practices in some well-known companies. On this basis, the paper disclose the superiority of Apple company over the other studied cases in applying green practices, particularly in the manufacturing and design areas, while the parcel delivery company has been quite active in the green transportation and green marketing. It is also shown that all of the reviewed cases have been successful in implementing green logistics initiatives thus far.
The Impact of Logistics Efficiency and Free Trade Agreements on Global Trade: Focusing on Total Trade Value
Authors: Lee Kyong Han , Lee Sang-Yoon
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, and to examine the effects of lower tariffs resulting from free trade agreements. In order to measure the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, the export and import trade volume among 53 countries was introduced as the dependent variable. Macroeconomic indicators including annual average tariff rate, logistics efficiency indicators for port, air, railroad, road and container vessel connectivity, as well as dummy variables such as whether a free trade agreement was signed, were introduced as the explanatory variables. Bilateral panel data between trading nations was used to estimate the gravity panel model, and analysis followed the categorization: 1) separate inputs of the five logistics efficiency variables and 2) one aggregated input of the five variables as a single indicator. The analysis found that logistics efficiency had a statistically significant impact on bilateral trade volume growth, while the impact of lowering tariff rates on increasing trade was insignificant. In addition, logistics efficiency was found to have a greater impact on increasing trade volume than free trade agreements. These results imply that trade can be promoted more effectively by establishing and efficiently operating logistics-related infrastructure rather than traditional methods of reducing trade barriers such as lowering tariffs and signing free trade agreements.
Assessing the displacement effect of exports with gravity trade model: China’s textile and clothing case and OBOR implications
Authors: Lau Yui-Yip , Chan Man-Hin , Nguyen Hong-Oanh
Published: May 2020

This paper employs the gravity model to investigate how the growth of China’s textile and clothing (T&C) exports is displacing the exports of other Asian developing countries over the 1990-2015 period. Aggregate analyses were undertaken, and the endogeneity of Chinese exports were accounted by applying instrumental variables with country fixed effects. It was found that there was a negative impact of China’s emergence on T&C exports on other Asian developing countries. We further explored whether such displacement effect varies across Asian countries and the results showed that a more pronounced effect was found in low-income countries than high-income ones. Our findings suggest that the export competitiveness of China’s neighbors, i.e. both more and less developed Asian countries, are affected by the emergence of China in T&C Trade. The implications of China’s One Belt, One Road initiative are also discussed.
A Study of Subsidy Policy in the Ship Financing Market
Authors: Lee Min-Hwan , Nam Ho-Cheol
Published: May 2020

This study considers the case in which governments decide whether to support private commercial banks with a subsidy policy in order to encourage participation in the international ship financing market. We examine two cases: (i) identical efficiency between domestic and foreign commercial banks; and (ii) different efficiencies between these banks. In the first case, the domestic government has the incentive to provide a subsidy strategy for domestic commercial banks to maximize social welfare, while the foreign government does not use the subsidy support. Furthermore, in the second case, foreign governments and commercial banks always prefer the subsidy strategy in order to maximize both social welfare and profits. However, the domestic government uses the subsidy strategy depending on the efficiency gap between the two banks. Our model suggests that governments need to support commercial banks with an appropriate subsidy strategy (direct or indirect) to promote participation in the market.
Factors Affecting the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Reverse Logistics Process
Authors: Sureka Gangani , Bandara Yapa Mahinda , Wickramarachchi Deepthi
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify the current reverse logistics practices adopted by soft drink companies and the prominent factors which can decide the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire process of the reverse logistics channel. The paper employs Pareto analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method on data collected from logistics professionals involved in the software industry in Sri Lanka using two questionnaires. As the prominent factors, transportation, accidents, packaging, a method of storage, the cleaning process and sorting process was identified and the first four prominent factors have a higher influence on both measures of efficiency and effectiveness. They can also identify the external factors which can emerge inefficiencies due to outsourced dealers. Lack of previous literature on the subject matter and the difficulty to access the filed data were the main limitations of this study. The identified factors will help to identify the correct root causes for the inefficiencies of the current reverse logistics practices and concentrating on these factors will give an opportunity for the soft drink industry players to successfully implement a sustainable green supply chain which reduces waste at each stage of its forwards and reverse logistics process. Transportation, Accidents, Packaging, and Storage have been previously identified as considerations in reverse logistics processes and the current study showed that they have a higher impact on both efficiency and effectiveness on reverse logistics and these factors should be given specific consideration while in the operations.
Food Safety Labelling Management in the Green Supply Chain Management: A Direct Observational Study in the Vietnamese Retail Food Sector
Authors: Kim Eunsung , McDonald Scott
Published: May 2020

Maintaining food safety techniques in the supply chain management require special food safety labelling techniques during distribution in the retail food industry. The food products have to be of good quality and labelling inbound, manufacturing, and outbound in the supply chain contributes to this aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how food safety labelling is managed in Vietnam’s retail food industry with a special focus on food in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Photography was used in an observational study conducted among five separate retail market chains all located in this city. In which ways are the applications of the developed food safety labelling techniques among three separate retail food markets similar and dissimilar being accounted for? The results show that the packaging and labelling in Big C, Aeon Citimart, and Giant using the symbols of food safety build trust for their customers. The Big C indicates guidelines for VietGAP and green labelling. Aeon Citimart indicates the name of the good, expiration date and instructions for use as well as guidelines for the government factor (VietGAP) to the food safety practices in the Vietnamese food retail sector.