bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change impact assessment on hydrological fluxes based on ensemble GCM outputs: a case study in eastern Indian River Basin
Authors: Padhiary Jagadish , Patra Kanhu Charan , Dash Sonam Sandeep , Uday Kumar A.
Published: November 2019

The present study assessed the impact of climate change in the Anandapur catchment of Baitarani River basin, India, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The future climatic alterations under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), i.e. 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, are quantified by an ensemble of two different CMIP5 models, i.e. CNRM-CM5.0, GFDL-CM3.0. The outcomes of this study reveal that the future rainfall and temperature may experience an increasing trend with gradual shifting of monsoon from mid-June to mid-May. The average annual streamflow experienced the highest increase during the period 2071–2095, whereas the highest average annual evapotranspiration (ET) is observed for the period 2046–2070 under both the RCPs and resulting in comparatively slower groundwater recharge (GWR) over the basin. In order to implement suitable adaptation strategies for a possible flood scenario on the concerned study basin, three critical sub-basins, namely, sub-basin 1, 4, and 5, were identified. Furthermore, the altered streamflow and ET dynamics may result in a significant shifting in the conventional agricultural practice in the coming future time scales. Conclusively, the outcomes of this study have potential implications for policy makers in formulating the policies related to sustainable water resources management in future scenarios.
A Possible Modulation Mechanism of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions for NCAM Polysialylation and Cell Migration
Authors: Lu Bo , Liu Xue-Hui , Liao Si-Ming , Lu Zhi-Long , Chen Dong , Troy II Frederic A. , Huang Ri-Bo , Zhou Guo-Ping
Published: November 2019

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a novel glycan that posttranslationally modifies neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) in mammalian cells. Up-regulation of polySia-NCAM expression or NCAM polysialylation is associated with tumor cell migration and progression in many metastatic cancers and neurocognition. It has been known that two highly homologous mammalian polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8Sia II (STX) and ST8Sia IV (PST), can catalyze polysialylation of NCAM, and two polybasic domains, polybasic region (PBR) and polysialyltransferase domain (PSTD) in polySTs play key roles in affecting polyST activity or NCAM polysialylation. However, the molecular mechanisms of NCAM polysialylation and cell migration are still not entirely clear. In this minireview, the recent research results about the intermolecular interactions between the PBR and NCAM, the PSTD and cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-Sia), the PSTD and polySia, and as well as the intramolecular interaction between the PBR and the PSTD within the polyST, are summarized. Based on these cooperative interactions, we have built a novel model of NCAM polysialylation and cell migration mechanisms, which may be helpful to design and develop new polysialyltransferase inhibitors.
Recent Advances in Ginsenosides as Potential Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Yu-hang , Kuruganti Revathimadhubala , Gao Ying
Published: November 2019

The dried root of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer or Panax quinquefolius L.) is a traditional
Chinese medicine widely used to manage cancer symptoms and chemotherapy side effects in
Asia. The anti-cancer efficacy of ginseng is attributed mainly to the presence of saponins, which are
commonly known as ginsenosides. Ginsenosides were first identified as key active ingredients in Panax
ginseng and subsequently found in Panax quinquefolius, both of the same genus. To review the recent
advances on anti-cancer effects of ginsenosides against breast cancer, we conducted a literature study of
scientific articles published from 2010 through 2018 to date by searching the major databases including
Pubmed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and CNKI. A total of 50 articles authored
in either English or Chinese related to the anti-breast cancer activity of ginsenosides have been
reviewed, and the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on ginsenosides are summarized. This review focuses
on how ginsenosides exert their anti-breast cancer activities through various mechanisms of action
such as modulation of cell growth, modulation of the cell cycle, modulation of cell death, inhibition of
angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis, inhibition of multidrug resistance, and cancer immunemodulation.
In summary, recent advances in the evaluation of ginsenosides as therapeutic agents against
breast cancer support further pre-clinical and clinical studies to treat primary and metastatic breast tumors.
Cyclodextrin Inclusion of Medicinal Compounds for Enhancement of their Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties
Authors: Caira Mino R.
Published: November 2019

Owing to their wide structural diversity and unique complexing properties, cyclodextrins
(CDs) find manifold applications in drug discovery and development. The focus of this mini-review is
on their uses as ‘enabling excipients’ both in the context of early drug discovery and in subsequent optimisation
of drug performance. Features highlighted here include descriptions of the structures of CDs,
synthetic derivatisation to fine-tune their properties, the nature of inclusion complexation of drugs
within the CD cavity, methodology for the study of free and complexed hosts in the solid state and in
solution, the inherent pharmacological activity of several CDs and its utility, novel CD-based drug delivery
systems, and the role of CDs in drug discovery and optimisation. Illustrative examples are generally
based on research reported during the last two decades. Application of CDs to the optimisation of
the performance of established drugs is commonplace, but there are many opportunities for the intervention
of CDs during the early stages of drug discovery, which could guide the selection of suitable candidates
for development, thereby contributing to reducing the attrition rate of new molecular entities.
Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Xie Neng-Zhong , Li Jian-Xiu , Huang Ri-Bo
Published: November 2019

Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.
Synthesis and Anti-mycobacterium Study on Halo-substituted 2-aryl oxyacetohydrazones
Authors: Desale Vijay J. , Mali Suraj N. , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Mali Maya C. , Thorat Bapu R. , Yamgar Ramesh S.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The treatment of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with currently
available marketed drugs remains a global health concern. The cases of resistant tuberculosis
patients are increasing day by day.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to highlight the need of developing shorter, simpler and
tolerable drug regimens.

Methods:

In the present study, we synthesized various halo-substituted 2-aryloxyacetohydrazones
via a series of reactions from halo-substituted phenols. All the compounds were characterized by
using various spectroscopic methods, such as NMR, FT-IR, UV spectroscopy, etc.

Results:

All the synthesized hydrazones showed theoretically good interactions with enzyme enoyl
reductase (pdb id: 4tzk). All the synthesized compounds (5a-5o) showed moderate to good activity
(3.125-100 μg/mL) against Mycobacteria tuberculosis, H37RV strain.

Conclusion:

Our results would pave a new way for the development of more effective Anti-TB
agents in the future.
Alteration of ssRNA Torsion and Water Influx into ssRNA Pocket in K309A and S247A Mutations
Authors: Olaposi Omotuyi I.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Lassa Virus (LV) infection is an endemic disease from West Africa posing
threat to the entire world. A thorough understanding of the mechanistic workings of the genome
products of LV may be a key to develop drug candidates for the treatment of LV infection.

Methods:

Molecular dynamic simulation has been used to provide insight into the mechanistic
basis for total loss of ssRNA interaction in Nucleoprotein (NP) K309A, partial loss in S247A,
and no loss in S237A by following the hydrogen bond interaction, water influx into the ssRNA
pocket and glycosidic torsion angle (χ) of the ssRNA.

Results:

The results revealed that K309A mutation is associated with a complete loss of saltbridge
interaction between lysine e-amino and U4-O2P phosphodiester linkage but not in S237A
where S247-OG atom played a redundant role. S247A is also associated with partial loss of hydrogen
bond between OG atom of S247 and C5-O2P phosphodiester bond as T178-OG1 group
seems to have a seemingly redundant interaction with C5-O2P. While S247A is only associated
with the alteration of χ rotation in U6/C7, both K309A and S247 but not S237A is associated
with increased water influx into the ssRNA binding pocket.

Conclusion:

K309A mutation may result in non-viable Lassa viron as a loss of ssRNA interaction
may negatively affect genome biochemistry, semi-viable Lassa viron in S247A mutation
may be due to the loss of 3D arrangement of ssRNA due to splayed out nucleotides.
Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Concise Review
Authors: Su Wen-Ta , Ko Chih-Sheng , Chen Jen-Hao
Published: November 2019

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) originate from the embryonic
neural crest as ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells and are isolated from human deciduous teeth.
SHED expresses the same cell markers as Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), such as OCT4 and NANOG,
which make SHED to have a significant impact on clinical applications. SHED possess higher rates of
proliferation, higher telomerase activity, increased cell population doubling, form sphere-like clusters,
and possess immature and multi-differentiation capacity; such high plasticity makes SHED one of the
most popular sources of stem cells for biomedical engineering. In this review, we describe the isolation
and banking method, the current development of SHED in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
in vitro and in vivo.
Primary Care Physicians’ Experience Using Advanced Electronic Medical Record Features to Support Chronic Disease Prevention and Management: Qualitative Study
Authors: Rahal Rana Melissa , Mercer Jay , Kuziemsky Craig , Yaya Sanni
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. In Canada, more than half of all health care spending is used for managing chronic diseases. Although studies have shown that the use of advanced features of electronic medical record (EMR) systems improves the quality of chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM), a 2012 international survey found that Canadian physicians were the least likely to use 2 or more EMR system functions. Some studies show that maturity vis-à-vis clinicians’ EMR use is an important factor when evaluating the use of advanced features of health information systems. The Clinical Adoption Framework (CAF), a common evaluation framework used to assess the success of EMR adoption, does not incorporate the process of maturing. Nevertheless, the CAF and studies that discuss the barriers to and facilitators of the adoption of EMR systems can be the basis for exploring the use of advanced EMR features.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the factors that primary care physicians in Ontario identified as influencing their use of advanced EMR features to support CDPM and to extend the CAF to include primary care physicians’ perceptions of how their use of EMRs for performing clinical tasks has matured.

Methods

Guided by the CAF, directed content analysis was used to explore the barriers and facilitating factors encountered by primary care physicians when using EMR features. Participants were primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada, who use EMRs. Data were coded using categories from the CAF.

Results

A total of 9 face-to-face interviews were conducted from January 2017 to July 2017. Dimensions from the CAF emerged from the data, and one new dimension was derived: physicians’ perception of their maturity of EMR use. Primary care physicians identified the following key factors that impacted their use of advanced EMR features: performance of EMR features, information quality of EMR features, training and technical support, user satisfaction, provider’s productivity, personal characteristics and roles, cost benefits of EMR features, EMR systems infrastructure, funding, and government leadership.

Conclusions

The CAF was extended to include physicians’ perceptions of how their use of EMR systems had matured. Most participants agreed that their use of EMR systems for performing clinical tasks had evolved since their adoption of the system and that certain system features facilitated their care for patients with chronic diseases. However, several barriers were identified and should be addressed to further enhance primary care physicians’ use of advanced EMR features to support CDPM.
Usage and Acceptability of the iBobbly App: Pilot Trial for Suicide Prevention in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth
Authors: Tighe Joseph , Shand Fiona , McKay Kathy , Mcalister Taylor-Jai , Mackinnon Andrew , Christensen Helen
Published: November 2019

Background

The proliferation of mental health apps purporting to target and improve psychological wellbeing is ever-growing and also concerning: Few apps have been rigorously evaluated, and, indeed, the safety of the vast majority of them has not been determined. Over 10,000 self-help apps exist but most are not used much after being downloaded. Gathering and analyzing usage data and the acceptability of apps are critical to inform consumers, researchers, and app developers.

Objective

This paper presents pilot usage and acceptability data from the iBobbly suicide prevention app, an app distributed through a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants from the Kimberley region of Western Australia completed a survey measuring their technology use in general (n=13), and data on their experiences with and views of the iBobbly app were also collected in semistructured interviews (n=13) and thematically analyzed. Finally, engagement with the app, such as the number of sessions completed and time spent on various acceptance-based therapeutic activities, was analyzed (n=18). Both groups were participants in the iBobbly app pilot randomized controlled trial (n=61) completed in 2015.

Results

Regression analysis indicated that app use improved psychological outcomes, although only minimally, and effects were not significant. However, results of the thematic analysis indicated that the iBobbly app was deemed effective, acceptable, and culturally appropriate by those interviewed.

Conclusions

There is a scarcity of randomized controlled trials and eHealth interventions in Indigenous communities, while extremely high rates of psychological distress and suicide persist. In this environment, studies that can add evidence from mixed-methods approaches are important. While the regression analysis in this study did not indicate a significant effect of app use on psychological wellbeing, this was predictable considering the small sample size (n=18) and typically brief app use. The results on engagement with the iBobbly app were however positive. This study showed that Indigenous youth are early and frequent users of technology in general, and they regarded the iBobbly app to be culturally safe and of therapeutic value. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that iBobbly app use was associated with self-reported improvements in psychological wellbeing, mental health literacy, and reductions in shame. Importantly, participants reported that they would recommend other similar apps if available to their peers.
Using Mobile Health Tools to Assess Physical Activity Guideline Adherence and Smoking Urges: Secondary Analysis of mActive-Smoke
Authors: Shan Rongzi , Yanek Lisa R , Silverman-Lloyd Luke G , Kianoush Sina , Blaha Michael J , German Charles A , Graham Garth N , Martin Seth S
Published: November 2019

Background

Rates of cigarette smoking are decreasing because of public health initiatives, pharmacological aids, and clinician focus on smoking cessation. However, a sedentary lifestyle increases cardiovascular risk, and therefore, inactive smokers have a particularly enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective

In this secondary analysis of mActive-Smoke, a 12-week observational study, we investigated adherence to guideline-recommended moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in smokers and its association with the urge to smoke.

Methods

We enrolled 60 active smokers (≥3 cigarettes per day) and recorded continuous step counts with the Fitbit Charge HR. MVPA was defined as a cadence of greater than or equal to 100 steps per minute. Participants were prompted to report instantaneous smoking urges via text message 3 times a day on a Likert scale from 1 to 9. We used a mixed effects linear model for repeated measures, controlling for demographics and baseline activity level, to investigate the association between MVPA and urge.

Results

A total of 53 participants (mean age 40 [SD 12] years, 57% [30/53] women, 49% [26/53] nonwhite, and 38% [20/53] obese) recorded 6 to 12 weeks of data. Data from 3633 person-days were analyzed, with a mean of 69 days per participant. Among all participants, median daily MVPA was 6 min (IQR 2-13), which differed by sex (12 min [IQR 3-20] for men vs 3.5 min [IQR 1-9] for women; P=.004) and BMI (2.5 min [IQR 1-8.3] for obese vs 10 min [IQR 3-15] for nonobese; P=.04). The median total MVPA minutes per week was 80 (IQR 31-162). Only 10% (5/51; 95% CI 4% to 22%) of participants met national guidelines of 150 min per week of MVPA on at least 50% of weeks. Adjusted models showed no association between the number of MVPA minutes per day and mean daily smoking urge (P=.72).

Conclusions

The prevalence of MVPA was low in adult smokers who rarely met national guidelines for MVPA. Given the poor physical activity attainment in smokers, more work is required to enhance physical activity in this population.
Modeling Research Topics for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Application Study
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Nghiem Son , Sahin Oz , Vu Tuan Manh , Ha Giang Hai , Vu Giang Thu , Pham Hai Quang , Do Hoa Thi , Latkin Carl A , Tam Wilson , Ho Cyrus S H , Ho Roger C M
Published: November 2019

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI)–based technologies develop rapidly and have myriad applications in medicine and health care. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reporting on the productivity, workflow, topics, and research landscape of AI in this field.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the global development of scientific publications and constructed interdisciplinary research topics on the theory and practice of AI in medicine from 1977 to 2018.

Methods

We obtained bibliographic data and abstract contents of publications published between 1977 and 2018 from the Web of Science database. A total of 27,451 eligible articles were analyzed. Research topics were classified by latent Dirichlet allocation, and principal component analysis was used to identify the construct of the research landscape.

Results

The applications of AI have mainly impacted clinical settings (enhanced prognosis and diagnosis, robot-assisted surgery, and rehabilitation), data science and precision medicine (collecting individual data for precision medicine), and policy making (raising ethical and legal issues, especially regarding privacy and confidentiality of data). However, AI applications have not been commonly used in resource-poor settings due to the limit in infrastructure and human resources.

Conclusions

The application of AI in medicine has grown rapidly and focuses on three leading platforms: clinical practices, clinical material, and policies. AI might be one of the methods to narrow down the inequality in health care and medicine between developing and developed countries. Technology transfer and support from developed countries are essential measures for the advancement of AI application in health care in developing countries.
Development of a Deep Learning Model for Dynamic Forecasting of Blood Glucose Level for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Faruqui Syed Hasib Akhter , Du Yan , Meka Rajitha , Alaeddini Adel , Li Chengdong , Shirinkam Sara , Wang Jing
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health burden. Self-management of diabetes including maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for glycemic control and to prevent diabetes complications. Mobile-based health data can play an important role in the forecasting of blood glucose levels for lifestyle management and control of T2DM.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work was to dynamically forecast daily glucose levels in patients with T2DM based on their daily mobile health lifestyle data including diet, physical activity, weight, and glucose level from the day before.

METHODS

We used data from 10 T2DM patients who were overweight or obese in a behavioral lifestyle intervention using mobile tools for daily monitoring of diet, physical activity, weight, and blood glucose over 6 months. We developed a deep learning model based on long short-term memory–based recurrent neural networks to forecast the next-day glucose levels in individual patients. The neural network used several layers of computational nodes to model how mobile health data (food intake including consumed calories, fat, and carbohydrates; exercise; and weight) were progressing from one day to another from noisy data.

RESULTS

The model was validated based on a data set of 10 patients who had been monitored daily for over 6 months. The proposed deep learning model demonstrated considerable accuracy in predicting the next day glucose level based on Clark Error Grid and ±10% range of the actual values.

CONCLUSIONS

Using machine learning methodologies may leverage mobile health lifestyle data to develop effective individualized prediction plans for T2DM management. However, predicting future glucose levels is challenging as glucose level is determined by multiple factors. Future study with more rigorous study design is warranted to better predict future glucose levels for T2DM management.
Midwives’ Attitudes Toward and Experience With a Tablet Intervention to Promote Safety Behaviors for Pregnant Women Reporting Intimate Partner Violence: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Henriksen Lena , Flaathen Eva Marie , Klette Bøhler Tone , Lukasse Mirjam
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Violence against women is considered a global health problem, and intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of childbirth can have severe consequences for mother and child. Prenatal care is considered a window of opportunity to address IPV and ask women about exposure to violence since women are in regular contact with health care providers. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions might overcome the barriers to talking about IPV face-to-face.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to explore midwives’ attitudes toward a tablet intervention consisting of information about IPV and safety behaviors as well as their experiences with recruiting pregnant women of different ethnic backgrounds in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

METHODS

Individual interviews were conducted with 9 midwives who recruited participants for an RCT to test a video to promote safety behaviors delivered on a tablet during prenatal care. Analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Midwives perceived the tablet intervention as an appropriate supplement during prenatal care to provide information about IPV and promote safety behaviors. They participated in the RCT primarily to obtain more knowledge regarding how to communicate about IPV. The intervention was perceived as an anonymous door-opener to talk about IPV and a good solution to ensure that every woman gets the same information. However, the content of the intervention had to be trustworthy and align with the information the midwives provide to women. Given the sensitivity of IPV, midwives outlined the importance of following the intervention with face-to-face communication. Midwives reported technical problems and a high demand on their time as the main challenges to recruiting women. They experienced challenges recruiting women of different ethnic backgrounds due to linguistic barriers and the women’s skepticism about scientific research.

CONCLUSIONS

The tablet intervention might help midwives communicate about IPV. Although the video was considered as an anonymous door-opener to talk about IPV, midwives outlined the importance of following the intervention with face-to-face communication. The scarcity of midwives’ time during consultations has to be considered when implementing the intervention. Further research is needed to overcome barriers that limit inclusion of women from different ethnic backgrounds.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03397277; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03397277
THE CONDITION OF CRISIS AND THE SYMPTOMS OF SOCIAL CHANGE: FIVE FLIGHTS OF THOUGHT ON THE POST OF THE GREEK POST-POLITY ERA
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Leandros
Published: November 2019

It is a well-known fact that Greece faces one of the most precarious and transformative periods of its modern history. Greek society has come to learn, in a baleful manner, that crisis is the sequence of its former political inefficiencies and a slump that must be overcome. The pressure of this awareness leads people to deface previously established social convictions about the self and the world. In this procedure, social and mass media articulate and (re)produce discourses from above, below and the past so to capitalize the present for a new and solid horizon for the future. This article challenges five beliefs that circulate in the Greek public sphere, inculcating in the collective consciousness their incontrovertible realities. The end of Post-Polity era (the “former” political status quo of Greece), the revival of ethno-socialist movements, the debt crisis of eurozone countries, youth's stand for social change and the role of Greece in this global financial turmoil comprise the contents of this critical debate; one that aims to make sense of what social change feels like in the context of the current global crisis.
ACCESSING EMOTIONS THROUGH HUMOUR IN THE CONTEMPORARY ARGENTINIAN TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE TRAJECTORY
Authors: Van Roekel Eva
Published: November 2019

This article is based upon qualitative fieldwork on the current human rights trials regarding crimes committed during the last dictatorship (1976-1983) in Argentina in and around Federal Courts in Argentina with focus on emotions. It analyses emotional experiences from a phenomenological perspective. Researching collective violence in a context of law involves many behavioural constraints due to judicial rules; additionally memories of the violent past also enclose many uncomfortable emotions. Analysis of local humour practices related to the human rights trials in Argentina provide a heuristic tool to study these emotional experiences that often remain inaccessible. Humour in a context of law is thought-provoking and provides alternative insights in local transitional justice trajectories after collective violence.
PUTRAJAYA: A CAPITAL FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Oliver Stafford David
Published: November 2019

This essay attempts to move the definition of capital beyond its usual economic context and explore its meaning in two different but related senses of the word: the seat of government and an entity that is recognised as valuable. I refer to how capital is transformed within the Malaysian government’s Vision 2020 development initiative, specifically the Putrajaya project. Plans for the future sought to implement the ultimate objective of a ‘fully developed’ Malaysia by building a technologically equipped city that houses the Prime Minister and federal bureaucracy. This essay reviews the government’s perceptions of the future and wonders how the not yet is made known. I argue that despite plans, visions and ideas of imminence and glory, the future remains unfamiliar. As such, capital will continue to transform.
THE FALL OF THE 'PURIFIED' COMMUNITY: CRISIS, TRANSFORMATION & COLLECTIVE ACTION IN GREECE
Authors: Kallianos Yannis
Published: November 2019

The article explores the recent social and political transformations in Greece through events of collective action in the public space of Athens. Drawing on Richard Sennet’s notion of the ‘myth of the purified community’ it is argued that these events demonstrate a gradual disintegration of the social imaginary of the idea of community in various scales (national, local, etc). This argument builds on the indistinction between public and private as reflected in these events in Athens. By providing ethnographic examples from both before and after the economic collapse, the article explains crisis as a long process of contesting the sovereignty of the state and institutions in Greece and how these previously downplayed contestations were rendered visible in the Greek public sphere. This visibility shakes the foundations of the notion of a homogeneous community as it is established by the ‘social contract’.
WILLIAM CARRICK (1827-1878) ONE OF THE FIRST VISUAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Meilutė-Svinkūnienė Ieva
Published: November 2019

No abstract available.Contact info: ievameilute@yahoo.com
‘Así ocupo un lugar’. Situación de calle y las otras formas de habitar la ciudad en Chile y Uruguay
Authors: Piña Cabrera Leonardo Esteban
Published: November 2019

On the basis of several testimonial and photographic materials produced by indepth interview and photovoice, this article asks about of the homelessness as another way of inhabiting the city by a group of homeless people who use the streets to live in Montevideo and Paysandú, in Uruguay, and Arica and Santiago, in Chile. Part of a larger research, proposes as a possibility a way to inhabit relational, problematizing about the impact that the perspective of the disaffiliation and the viewpoint of domicile have on the invisibility of this dwelling, although material in its manifestation, fundamentally played in its significance.
The Jean Monnet Programme as a Tool to Reinforce the Role of the EU as a Regional and Global Actor
Authors: De Martino M
Published: November 2019

This article aims to analyse the Jean Monnet programme as a soft power instrument of the European Union to achieve its objectives in the international arena. This research, through a quantitative and comparative analysis, explores the tendencies of the Jean Monnet Programme in terms of number of Jean Monnet projects per year in the countries, which have benefitted the most from the programme. From this study, it has emerged that regions neighbouring the European Union have trends very different from other third countries that are also active participants in the Jean Monnet Programme.
SÍNDROME METABÓLICA E DOENÇAS PERIODONTAIS
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio
Published: November 2019

Resumo Doenças periodontais (DPs) constituem uma doença multifatorial, infecto-inflamatória e crônica que caracteristicamente possui quadro imuno-inflamatório. Essa patologia decorre da ação de bactérias que acham-se aderidas à superfície dos dentes e que afligem os tecidos periodontais. Na síndrome metabólica (SM) convive-se com determinadas manifestações fisiopatológicas conjuntamente, são elas: dislipidemia; resistência à insulina; obesidade; hipertensão arterial; hiperinsulinemia e intolerância à glicose. O objetivo do presente artigo foi averiguar como as DPs podem influir no andamento da SM e verificar como a SM pode manifestar-se, afligindo o transcurso das DPs. SM e DP apresentam elevados níveis séricos de produtos oriundos do estresse oxidativo, nessa situação ocorre que, concomitantemente havendo inflamação pode ocorrer influência de uma doença sobre a outra. Relacionado a pacientes possuidores de ambas as doenças, DPs e SM conjuntamente, sabe-se que existe expressão de caráter inflamatório nas duas e que comumente convive-se com a presença do marcador de inflamação fator de necrose tumoral alfa. A terapia periodontal realizada em pacientes com SM e DPs pode agir, minimizando o desconforto ocasionado pelas manifestações inflamatórias das duas doenças, instaladas concomitantemente, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes doentes. Palavras-chave: Doenças Periodontais. Síndrome Metabólica. Obesidade. Resistência à Insulina. Inflamação. Keywords: Periodontal Diseases. Metabolic Syndrome. Obesity. Insulin Resistance.  Inflammation.
Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Melophlus sarasinorum Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Balb/C
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas , Malik Fadhliyah , Lubis Adryan Fristiohady , Indalifiany Astrid , Sahidin I
Published: November 2019

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).
Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Air dari Daun Jotang Kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), Daun Gandarusa (Justicia Gendarussa Burm.F.), dan Daun Pulutan (Urena lobata L.) dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Authors: Widodo Agustinus , Khumaidi Akhmad , A. Lasongke Putri Faradila
Published: November 2019

Jotang kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.) and pulutan (Urena lobata L.) leaves are used by several tribes in Central Sulawesi for the treatment of cancer. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) of ethanol and water extracts from the S. nodiflora, J. gendarussa and U. lobata leaves and identify the class of chemical compounds contained in extracts with the highest toxicity. The ethanol extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethanol 96% and the water extract was obtained by the infusionmethod. The extract toxicity test was carried out byBrine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and dentification test was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The toxicity test results (LC50) of 96% ethanol extract and water extract of S. nodiflora leaves were 395.60 μg/ml and 109.25 μg/ml; J. gendarussa leaves 713.34 μg/ml and 18.02 μg/ml; and U.lobata leaves 188.38 μg/ml and 85.37 μg/ml, respectively. The results of identification showed that the water extract of the J. gendarussa leaves containing alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids-terpenoids. The results of this study indicated that the extracts of S. nodiflora leaves, J. gendarussa leaves, and U. lobata leaves are potential to be developed as anticancer.
ADOPSI XBRL TERHADAP PERILAKU PERDAGANGAN INVESTOR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Razak Linda A. , Pontoh Grace T. , Yamin Muhammad
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate the impact of XBRL adoption to trade behavior of investors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange which is reflected by frequency of stock trade. The sample of this study is 34 banks taken randomly from 81 banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 and 2016. The data analysis methods used in this study are one way ANOVA for difference test and multiple regression analysis to test the impact of ROA, size and dividend ratio to XBRL adoption. This study found that the frequency of stock trade and ROA as control variable doesn’t change when XBRL is applied. This result is caused by financial data taken when post-XBRL is financial data in 2016, whereas implementation of XBRL has started since 2015. But, size and dividend change in the period of post-XBRL.
KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI MODERASI PENGARUH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Ekaviana Dessy , Kaluge David
Published: November 2019

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Total Quality Management on Employee Performance with a moderating variable namely Job Satisfaction. The method used in this study is regression analysis. The conclusions from the results of data analysis are (1) Total Quality Management has a significant effect on Employee Performance so that by increasing the value of Total Quality Management (TQM) it will provide a significant increase in Employee Performance. (2) Total Quality Management and Job Satisfaction show insignificant influence on Employee Performance, so the hypothesis that Job Satisfaction moderates the relationship between Total Quality Management and Employee Performance is rejected because the effect is insignificant.
μ-opioid/D2 dopamine receptor pharmacophore containing ligands: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: Jevtic Ivana , Penjisevic Jelena , Savic-Vujovic Katarina , Srebro Dragana , Vuckovic Sonja , Ivanovic Milovan , Kostic-Rajacic Sladjana
Published: November 2019

Herein, the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 13 novel compounds, designed as potential heterobivalent ligands for ?-opioid receptor (MOR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2DAR), are reported. The compounds consisted of anilido piperidine and N-aryl piperazine moieties, joined by a variable-length methylene linker. The two moieties represent MOR and D2DAR pharmacophores, respectively. The synthesis encompassed four steps, securing the final products in 28?42 % overall yields. The approach has a considerable synthetic potential, providing access to various related structures. Pharmacological tests involved in vitro competitive assay for D2DAR using [3H] spiperon, as a standard radioligand, and in vivo antinociceptive tests for MOR. The measured dopamine affinities were modest to low, while antinociceptive activity was completely absent. Therefore, the compounds of the general structure prepared in this research are unlikely to be useful as opioid?dopamine receptor heterobivalent ligands.
How Donald Tramp makes decisions?
Authors: Simic Dragan , Zivojinovic Dragan
Published: November 2019

The forty-fifth US president, unlike most of his predecessors, has no
experience in political decision-making. Nevertheless, Trump?s behavior from
the big business can help find patterns of his decision making. The
two-and-a-half-year presidential term, however, provides convincing insights
into how he makes decisions. Although he likes to make decisions and thinks
he does it well, President Donald Trump actually spends very little time
preparing for the most difficult decisions. In most cases, the president
decides beforehand on instinct, and then actually just seeks justification
and support for the decision already made. On the other hand, over-reliance
on the closest circle of associates and not delving into the details and
several aspects of the problem provides a too big opportunity for
miscalculations and wrong decisions. In this mix of micromanagement and
macromanagement, Trump?s model is most reminiscent of a competitive
decision-making model, while in terms of control and involvement in the
political process, his management style can be characterized by a
Magistrate/Delegator combination; while when it comes to leader sensitivity
to the context, we see Trump as the ?Maverick?.
SOX 404(b) Audits: Evidence from Auditing the Financial Close Process of the Accounting System
Authors: Janvrin Diane J. , Mascha Maureen Francis , Lamboy-Ruiz Melvin A.
Published: November 2019

Auditing Standard No. 5 requires that auditors integrate their evaluation of large issuers' internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) into their financial statement audit process, but the PCAOB warns that auditors may not adequately test related manual and systems internal controls. We use a multiple method approach to examine how auditors evaluate one important component of ICFR, the financial close process, and whether they evaluate it differently when conducting a SOX 404(b) integrated versus a financial statement audit. Interviewees relied heavily on walkthroughs, and tended to perform only cursory reviews of entity-level controls related to the financial close process. In addition, they often failed to test the link between the general ledger and supporting systems, including evaluating related access controls. Financial statement-only auditors were more likely to re-perform key controls than rely on cursory walkthroughs. Auditors performing integrated audits appeared to over-rely on ICFR findings when conducting financial statement audits.

Data Availability: Interview data are available from the first author. PCAOB inspection reports are publicly available.
PENGARUH 2-iP, BA, 2,4-D, DAN TDZ PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK IN VITRO KOPI ROBUSTA UNGGUL LAMPUNG
Authors: Hapsoro Dwi , Setiawan Dwi , Hamiranti Rahmadyah , Yusnita Yusnita
Published: November 2019

Pengaruh 2-iP, BA, 2,4-D, dan TDZ pada Embriogenesis Somatik In Vitro Kopi Robusta Unggul Lampung. Embriogenesis somatik in vitro kopi Robusta terdiri dari empat tahap: induksi kalus primer, induksi kalusembriogenik, regenerasi embrio somatik, dan regenerasi planlet. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) terhadap pembentukan kalus primer kopi Robusta unggul Lampung klon Komari. Eksplan potongan daun ditanam pada media induksi kalus primer dengan penambahan (mg/l): BA 1; 2-iP 1; 2-iP 1 + 2,4-D 0,5 ;2-iP 1 + 2,4-D 1 ;TDZ 1 + 2,4-D 0,5; dan TDZ 1 + 2,4-D 1 sebagai perlakuan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan, 3 botol kultur per ulangan, 5 eksplan per botol. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, pada 4 minggu setelah tanam, semua perlakuan dapat menginduksi kalus primer 100%, namun waktu terbentuknya kalus pertama kali dan bobot segar kalus primer berbeda-beda. Kalus primer paling cepat terbentuk pada perlakuan 2-iP (14,7 hari setelah tanam), sedangkan paling lambat (16,0-16,3) pada perlakuan TDZ + 0,5-1,0 mg/L 2,4-D dan BA 1 mg/l. Bobot segar kalus primer tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan 2-iP + 2,4-D (96-110 mg/eksplan) dan terkecil pada perlakuan 2-iP atau BA saja (24-18 mg/eksplan). Kalus primer berkembang menjadi kalus embriogenik waktu dipindah ke media induksi kalus embriogenik. Subkultur kalus embriogenik ke media regenerasi menghasilkan embrio somatik.
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN KOMBINASI PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK DENGAN KOMPOS TERHADAPPERTUMBUHAN DANBIOMASA GULMAPADA PERTANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.)
Authors: Julaili Sirot , Lumbanraja Jamalam , Pujisiswanto Hidayat , Sarno Sarno
Published: November 2019

Keberadaan gulma pada lahan budidaya kacang hijau dapat menyebabkan terjadinya persaingan sarana tumbuh serta mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang hijau. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengendalikan gulma adalah pengolahan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem olah tanah dan pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan gulma dan produksi tanaman.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dari bulan april 2016 sampai dengan Januari 2017. Analisis gulma dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor, sistem olah tanah yang terdiri dari: olah tanah minimum dan olah tanah sempurna, dan pemupukan yang terdiri dari: kombinasi pupuk majemuk NPK 200 kg ha -1 dengan 1 Mg ha -1 kompos dan tanpa pemupukan. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Seluruh data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Ragam. Homogenitas ragam diujidengan Uji Bartlet, jika asumsi terpenuhi data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam menggunakan Uji F, perbedaan antar nilai tengah perlakuan diuji dengan BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaJenis gulma yang dominan pada pengamatan 3 MST adalah gulma Rottboellia exaltata dan 6 MST adalah Synedrella nodiflora pada semua perlakuan. Perlakuan olah tanah minimum memberikan bobot kering gulma daun lebar dan Asystasia gangetica yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya di 3 MST, sedangkan pada 6 MST perlakuan olah tanah minimum memberikan bobot kering gulma Asystasia gangetica lebih tinggi di bandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan pemupukan pupuk majemuk NPK 200 kg ha -1 dan kompos 1 Mg ha -1 berpengaruh terhadap bobotkering gulma total, daun lebar, rumput, gulma Rottboellia exaltata dan gulma Synedrella nodiflora yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya di 3 MST. Terdapat interaksi antara pengolahan tanah dan pemupukan terhadap tinggi tanaman kacang hijau, dimana interaksi antara perlakuan olah tanah minimum + pemupukan menunjukan tanaman kacang hijau paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan 3 interaksi perlakuan lainnya.