bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes of Badminton Forehand Lob Game Using Problem Base Larning Method
Authors: Hulu Anugrah Christian , Liliana Puspa Sari  , Sembiring Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

This study aims to see an increase in the results of badminton forehand lob by the application of the Problem Based Learning Method in class VIII students of SMP Hosana Medan in the 2019/2020 academic year. The subjects in this study were class VIII with 30 students who would be given action in the form of the application of the Problem Based Learning Method towards learning outcomes of badminton Forehand lob. This study uses a classroom action method, which consists of two cycles. Learning badminton forehand strokes was carried out using the Problem Based Learning method and ended by presenting the cycle I test and cycle II test with the research instrument of the badminton forehand lob learning outcome test sheet using a portfolio sheet. After the data is collected and analyzed, the results of the analysis are obtained: (1) from the data on the results of the learning test in Cycle I, it is obtained that 15 people (50%) have reached the level of learning completeness, while 15 people (50%) have not reached the level of learning completeness. The average value of student learning outcomes is 60. (2) from the cycle II learning outcomes test, it was found that 26 people (86%) had reached the level of learning completeness, while 4 people (14%) had not The average student learning outcomes are 74. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be said that through the application of problem-based learning methods, the learning outcomes of badminton forehand lob can be improved in Class VIII students of SMP Hosana Medan in the 2019/2020 academic year.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Lari Sprint Pada Masa Covid-19 Melalui Gaya Mengajar Komando Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 064009 Medan T.P 2020/2021
Authors: Kahiril Amali  , Liliana Puspa Sari
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana peningkatan hasil belajar lari sprint melalui gaya mengajar komando Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 064009 Medan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 064009 Medan . Yang menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa Kelas V SDN 064009 Medan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 yang terdiri dari 30 siswa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode PTK dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran menggunakan lembaran portofolio. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data dilakukan dengan cara menyeleksi, menyederhanakan dan mentranformasikan data yang telah disajikan dalam transkip catatan lapangan. Kegiatan reduksi data ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesalahan dan kekurangan siswa dalam pelaksanaan tes, diperoleh 4 siswa (13%) yang mencapai tingkat ketuntasan belajar, 26 siswa (87%) belum mencapai tingkat ketuntasan belajar, dengan nilai rata-rata 63,33. Kemudian dilakukan pembelajaran siklus I dengan menerapkan pembelajaran komando dalam pembelajaran siswa pada materi lari sprint berdasarkan perbaikan dari siklus I diperoleh sudah 28 siswa (93%) yang telah mencapai tingkat ketuntasan belajar, 2 siswa (7%) belum mencapai tingkat ketuntasan belajar, dengan nilai rata-rata 80,74. Dalam hal ini dilihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar per siklus yaitu sebesar 18,2 dan peningkatan klasikalnya sebesar 27,7%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat dikatakan bahwa melalui Pembelajaran dengan menerapkan gaya mengajar komando dalam pembelajaran lari sprint pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 064009 Medan meningkat. Dalam artian pembelajaran dengan metode komando mempengaruhi hasil belajar lari sprint siswa.
Minat Siswa Dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Olahraga di SMP Negeri 45 Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Gultom Irmayanti , Dicky Hendrawan
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untk mengetahui minat siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler olahraga di SMP Negeri 45 Medan Tahun 2020. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa peserta kegiatan ekstrakurikuler olahraga di sekolah SMP Negeri 45 Medan dengan jumlah pemain 24 orang. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode angket. Adapun teknik pengambilan datanya menggunakan angket/kuesioner.  Sehubungan dengan masih mewabahnya virus corona (Covid-19), penelitian yang dilaksanakan memiliki beberapa kendala antara lain: ketiadaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah dan ketidaksediaan sebagian besar orangtua siswa untuk memberikan waktu kepada anak untuk mengisi angket yang akan disampaikan peneliti sehingga dalam penelitian ini hanya mendapati sejumlah 24 orang siswa dari sejumlah 70 orang siswa peserta kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa identifikasi besar minat siswa dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler olahraga di SMP Negeri 45 Medan cenderung masuk dalam kategori rendah. Hasil tersebut ditunjukan dengan perincian sebagai berikut. Kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 25 %, diikuti pada kategori tinggi sebesar 8,3 %, kemudian kategori rendah sebesar 66,7 %, dan kategori sangat rendah 0 %. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan berdasar indikator dari faktor internal dan eksternal sebagai acuan untuk mengidentifikasi besar minat siswa dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler olahraga sehingga memperoleh hasil tersebut.
Pengaruh Pemberian Modifikasi Alat Pembelajaran Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Tolak Peluru Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 107826 Pematang Sijonam Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Samson Vikran Sinaga  , Afri Tantri
Published: January 2022

Metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru belum dapat meningkatkan hasil belajarsiswa dalam materi atletik dengan pokok bahasan tolak peluru gaya ortodok, sehinggapeneliti disini menawarkan salah satu metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakanmodifikasi alat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar tolakpeluru Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 107826 Pematang Sijonam Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.Dengan menggunakan media modifikasi peluru Tahun Ajaran 2020-2021. Dari hasil surveawal yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan tekniktolakan peluru masih rendah dan hal ini berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Pengumpulandata menggunakan data awal pre-test yang di peroleh dari test tolak peluru gaya ortodokberupa penilaian prose hasil keterampilan tolak peluru gaya ortodok. Teknik pengambilansampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling yaitu pada siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 107826Pematang Sijonam Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.Berdasarkan hasil analisa uji-t (t-test) terhadap hasil belajar tolak peluru gaya ortodok dapatdilihat pada data di bawah ini. Bahwa diketahui bahwa nilai
Coin Finds in 14th-Century Burials in Saryarka (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Petrov Pavel , Kassenalin Aibar ,   “The Institute of history and culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan” LLC, Smagulov Timur ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, “Margulan centre”, Yessen Syrym ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2022

Excavations of two significant archaeological sites were carried out in 2020 in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions of Kazakhstan. The mausoleum of Janibek and the mausoleum on Kyzyloba site were examined. Brief descriptions and characteristics of these archaeological sites are given. Only the found Juchid coins are considered in detail in this paper. The analysis of numismatic material showed: 1. the burial in Janibek’s mausoleum contains 13 coins of the 14th century and dates from the first half of the 760s/1360s; 2. the burial in Kyzyloba’s mausoleum contains 4 coins of Khan Uzbek and dates from the second half of the 730s/1330s. The authors compare the coins with similar finds from other graves of the 14th century in Central Kazakhstan. The obtained data indicate a possibly different dynamics and scale of the spread of plague in Saryarka compared to the Volga region. A larger statistics of coin finds in 14th-century burials is required for relevant conclusions.
Use of the “Gifts” of the Animal World by the Population of the Northern Part of Bukovina in the 8th—13th Centuries
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Vozny Igor
Published: January 2022

The article examines the ways of development and specialization of animal husbandry in a particular region, namely the northern part of Bukovina, over a fairly long period from the formation of East Slavic tribal reigns to the Ancient Rus state and the Mongol-Tatar invasion. The development of animal husbandry, the species composition of the herd of domestic animals, depending on the influence of the physical-geographical, natural-climatic and socio-economic conditions of the region is analyzed based on osteoarchaeological material. Such material from the settlements of the study area makes it possible to state the presence of several types of economic specialization of animal husbandry and conclude their quantitative ratio in the study area. So in the Middle Dniester, pig breeding prevailed, followed by sheep breeding and raising cattle (the first type of animal husbandry). On the left bank of the Prut River, with its turf-podzolic loams, preference was given to the breeding of big cattle — small ruminants — pigs (the second species). The third species is presented in the following sequence: cattle — pig breeding — sheep breeding. Hunting products played an important role in the diet of the local population. The species composition of wild game animals, hunting methods, and tools used in this process are analyzed. The study showed a fairly high level of development of animal husbandry and hunting among the local population.
One More Step to the Completion of the Discussion on the Chronology of the Decree in Honour of Protogenes
Authors:   Ismail State Humanities University, Nikolaev Mykola
Published: January 2022

Numerous interrelated prosopographic information about the historical persons of the decree in honour of Protogenes, as well as their ancestors, descendants and contemporaries, was obtained from objects of ceramic, magic epigraphy and numismatics. They confirm the previously proposed chronology of the events of the decree by the second-third quarter of the 3 rd century BC. The Protogenes decree was adopted at the same time as the wall-building inscription of Cleombrot Pantaclus, of eponym 222 BC. Decree is absolute palaeographic counterpart this inscription (according to V. V. Latyshev). The threat of an invasion by the Sciro-Galatians mentioned in the decree was realized around 215 BC (but, not in the middle of the 3 rd century BC!). The invasion was accompanied by the destruction, among others, of the Right Bank Chora and burying of the “Borysthenes” treasures.
Specified Chronology of Knidian Amphorae of the 4th — early 3rd Centuries BC Based on Materials from Ceramic Complexes of the Kuban
Authors:   N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Monachov Sergei , Kuznetsova Elena ,   N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University
Published: January 2022

As a result of work in the Kuban region in recent years, about twenty Maeotian burial complexes have been explored, where Knidian amphorae together with containers from other centers or black-glazed pottery have been discovered. The analysis of these complexes has made it possible to define the dating of certain types and variants of the Knidian containers more exactly. It is clear that vessels of the “Elizavetovskiy” and “Cherednikovyi” variants of type I “with mushroom rims” were produced simultaneously in the second — the early third quarter of the 4 th cent. BC. In the middle of the century, change in morphology towards vessels height and diameter increasing occurred, and the containers were developed within the “Gelendzhik” and “Chersonesos” variants of this type in the third quarter of the century. Alongside, a container of the next type II appeared (with “roller-shaped” rims), which coexisted with amphorae with “mushroom” rims for some time.
Precious Arks of the 18th century Russian State Seals: the evolution of the iconography and manufacturing technology
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Proskuryakova Maria , Nosova Ekaterina ,   Saint Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Veber Dmitrii ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Loboda Anastasia ,   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Trunkin Igor ,   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Tereschenko Elena ,   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”,   Institute of Crystallography named after A. V. Shubnikov, Federal Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Yatsishina Ekaterina ,   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of the trace-wear analysis and elemental composition of the arks of the pendant seals of 1700—1801 from the charters of Russian Emperors Peter the Greate, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine the Greate and Paul I. The objects were studied in terms of their iconography, technological features, and metal composition. Comparison with historical documents shows that in the manufacture of all the arks the masters followed the iconography, regulated by decrees, and in general the artifacts reflect heraldic innovations of different periods. The peculiarities of the technological methods of the master jewelers of different periods, used in the production of these status items, have been identified. The evolution of the technology of making Russian seal arks has been revealed. The earliest ark (1700) was identified as belonging to the European technological tradition. The other arks belong to a different technological tradition, inclined to a more decorative depiction and the use of small complex embossings. Two of the arks show signs of later surface plating with electroplated gilding.
Natural Conditions and Adaptation to them Among the Population of the Caspian Region in the Early Iron Age
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vasilyev Sergey , Puzanova Tatyana ,   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vasiliev Dmitry ,   Astrakhan State University, Borutskaya Svetlana ,   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kurbanova Fatima ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rudenko Olga ,   Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of research on the reconstruction of natural and climatic conditions and human adaptation to them. In order to identify the evolutionary stages of the natural environment of the Western Caspian region in the second half of the Holocene, buried sub-kurgan soils and bone remains in the Bogomolny Sands 1 mound were analyzed. Spore-pollen, anthropological and isotope analyses were carried out on soil and bone samples. Bioclimatic fluctuations of the natural environment were established based on the reconstruction of paleolandscapes (soils, vegetation) and associated changes in socio-cultural factors (changes in paleo-diet, anthropological characteristics).
Dendroarchaeology Potential in Various Natural Areas in West Siberia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Phylatova Maya , Zharnikov Zakhar ,   Siberian Federal University, Barinov Valentin ,   Siberian Federal University, Taynik Anna ,   Siberian Federal University, Myglan Vladimir ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: January 2022

Scientists face with many limitations that affect the success of dendrochronological dating working with archaeological (architectural) sites in Western Siberia. Here we analysed 134 sites and carried out the existing limitations of the method in different natural areas. As a result, a connection between the efficiency of dendrochronological dating and the physical and geographical conditions of sites was found. Created algorithm allowed to assess the potential of dendrochronology for the forest-steppe, taiga and forest-tundra areas of Western Siberia. The scientific results presented in the article can be used to solve the problems of chronology and periodization of archaeological and architectural sites of Western Siberia, as well as to increase the overall efficiency of the application of the dendrochronological method.
Opportunities and Features of the Palynological Analysis Application on Various Types of Archaeological Sites
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleshinskaya Anna , Babenko Anna ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kochanova Maria ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troshina Alla ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

A wide variety of archaeological sites associated with various human activity has led to the emergence of a wide range of problems solved by archaeological palynology. On the example of the palynological materials accumulated in the Laboratory of Nature Sciences of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the opportunities and features of the palynological analysis application are considered both on classical objects for Russian archaeopalynology (cultural layer, buried soils, defensive ramparts, burial mounds, etc.) and on non-traditional ones (latrines, vessels, funerary objects, ceramics, etc.). It is shown that the reconstruction of the natural environment, generally accepted for palynology, is mainly possible for the materials from long timed sites of shepherds in caves and rock shelters and cultural layers of sites, settlements, hillforts. Materials obtained from other objects (ancient and medieval arable lands, storage pits, latrines, the contents of ritual objects, vessels, and the gastrointestinal tract of the buried) give an idea of very local and short-term environmental conditions or events usually associated with economic and/or daily activities of a person, with his food, funerary rites and traditions. In this regard, the possibilities of the palynological method and the purposes will be different for each specific research. Recommendations for the sampling for palynological analysis are given for each specific case.
Results of Archaeoparasitological and Palynological Analyzes of the Contents of the Sewage Drain of the Chorgun Tower (South-Western Crimea)
Authors:   The State Museum-Preserve “Tauric Chersonese”, Nedelkin Evgeniy , Khrustalev Alexander ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant, Babenko Anna ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Slepchenko Sergey ,   Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen Scientific Center, Institute of Problems of Development of the North
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of an archaeoparasitological and palynological study of a sample taken from the sewage drain of the Chorgun Tower. This is a fortification on the territory of the village of Chernorechie (South-Western Crimea). According to archaeological research, the construction of the keep dates back to the third quarter of the 15th century. Four types of eggs of intestinal parasites infecting humans and synanthropic animals were identified in the sample. Regarding parasitic and infectious gastrointestinal diseases, human whipworm and roundworm eggs found in the sample are indicative of relatively unfavorable sanitary conditions of the fortification. Based on the features of the archaeoparasitological spectrum, it can be concluded that anthelminthic agents were used or food with antiparasitic effects against roundworms was consumed. The difficult sanitary and epidemiological situation was also complicated by synanthropic rodents, such as rats and domestic mice, which could be a constant source of dangerous infections in the Chorgun Keep. A palynological study of the contents of the sewage runoff made it possible to obtain additional information on the nutrition of people who used the latrine facilities in the Chorgun Keep. What is equally important is that the study demonstrates the possibilities of methods for the study of canalization as a source of bioarchaeological information.
Budzhak Population: an experience of a fugitive review of 18th-century observations
Authors:   High Anthropological School University, Russev Nicolai , Markov Fedor
Published: January 2022

Budzhak (in modern Moldova and Ukraine) is the western part of the Eurasian steppe, the natural character of which had determined the ways of the local life for centuries. The Ottoman and the Russian Empires had clashed here in the eighteenth century, on the eve of the European Enlightenment. This fight was to determine further prospects for development, while many contemporaries and eyewitnesses tried to guess any signs of these prospects. A profound social crisis in south-eastern Europe contributed to political and ethnic and confessional changes and was changing the natural landscape. The Turkic Muslim population had to leave these lands under the growing pressure of these changes, and the new population was predominantly Christian. Now the Christians determined the way of life in Budzhak, even its flora and fauna.
The New Type of the Olbian Copper Coin from the Time of Mithridates Eupator
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Orlyk Vasyl
Published: January 2022

All Olbian coins from the time of Mithridates Eupator that have been known and described in scientific and reference numismatic literature are anepigraphic in nature and it is difficult to date them clearly. The small copper coin of Apollo Gorytos type, which we found in one of the Ukrainian collections, has an alpha-shape monogram with broken gasta, to the right from Apollo’s head. This coin allows us to suggest a possible dating of these coins. We believe that coins with A (alpha) monogram could have been minted in 105 BC, in the year of Apollo in Olbia, that is, several years after the city became part of the Kingdom of Pontus.
Missing Links or to the History of the Second Century AD Bosporan Kingdom under Eupator: by numismatic data
Authors:   N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Choref Michael
Published: January 2022

Under the Bosporan king Eupator, sestercii were issued with two busts on the obverse: an elderly bearded man in a ray crown and a woman in a high openwork crown, as well as two men: a young one, with or without a beard, and an elderly, bearded one. All men have long hair. The elderly man is no doubt Eupator. Together with him, as is commonly believed, they portrayed Aphrodite Urania and Marcus Aurelius. But this is hardly the case. After all, a very similar image of a woman, framed by the legend “Β … ΕΥΝΟΜΙΑC”, is imprinted on the reverse of the Bosporan sesterces with two male busts on the obverse. But the figures of the deities on the Bosporan coins were not signed. Judging by the crown, this was a Sarmatian queen. We believe that Eunomia, who is mentioned in the coin legend, was the wife and co-ruler of Eupator. The Roman emperors on the Bosporan coins were always depicted with short hair. We believe that the studied sestercii had portraits of Eupator, his wife Eunomia, and also their son, who ruled the Bosporus from 170/171 to 174/175 without the sanction of Rome and, as a result, did not receive the right to issue coins and did not leave lapidary inscriptions.
The Influence of Paternalistic Leadership on the Development of Oriental Critical Thinking
Authors: Bai Huilin , Wendy Pan Hui-Ling
Published: January 2022

In the context of globalization, critical thinking is still regarded as the core content of higher education. The difference between Eastern and Western cultures has a key impact on understanding critical thinking. When the current literature studies the influence of culture on critical thinking, it mainly considers from the macro level, mainly including ethnic history, traditional customs, religious beliefs, art, ethics, and so on. However, from a specific and micro cultural perspective, how critical thinking is influenced by a culture still lacks effective research. This paper studies the influence of Confucian paternalistic leadership on the development of critical thinking in the East from a specific cultural perspective. The study discovers that Asians are easier to understand how things change and they are more tolerant to conflict, which means that they see things as interrelated and interdependent. They are more likely to use intuitive and experience-based reasoning if there is a conflict between intuitive and logical reasoning. Benevolence and hierarchy in paternalistic leadership promote the formation of cooperative critical thinking in improving the operation of organizations so that the characteristics of oriental critical thinking can be analyzed more comprehensively.
Dabeisein ist alles: Zur Notwendigkeit körperlicher Anwesenheit im Parlament
Authors: Hölscheidt Sven , Leonhardt Maria-Luisa
Published: January 2022

German parliamentary law is currently based on MPs being physically present in parlia­ment . This presence is especially indispensable for elections and votes . It cannot be replaced, even during the pandemic, by MPs participating remotely . To create the possibil­ity for parliamentary sessions to take place in whole or in part without a physical presence, the German constitution would have to be amended . Even creative interpretations of “pres­ence” do not make a constitutional amendment unnecessary . Parliaments should create the legal means to ensure functionality in times of crisis and such provisions for emergencies should be made in reasonably calm times .
Wahlkreisarbeit in der Pandemie: Mehr Adaption als Transformation
Authors: Settles Kevin W. , Shahgholi Sahand , Siefken Sven T.
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic is causing massive restrictions on public life worldwide, affecting the work of parliamentarians in their districts as well . Based on interviews with 33 mem­bers of the German Bundestag, activities “back home” during the early phase of the pan­demic are analyzed and compared to information from an earlier study . After a brief phase of adaptation, new digital ways of work were used by MPs and their district offices, some­times leading to closer networking with party and constituency and giving them new spa­tial flexibility . A strong use of new social media also became apparent but that is only partly caused by Covid-19 . The focus of representation has changed towards a clearer regional orientation and more pronunciation of the leadership function . But all in all, district work of MPs in Germany has continued with only minor changes .
Global Challenges and Opportunities for Parliamentary Public Engagement during the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Prior Alex , Kornberg Maya
Published: January 2022

During the Covid-19 crisis, parliamentarians and parliamentary staff faced a novel combi­nation of challenges to their existing functions . In responding to the Covid-19 crisis, parlia­ments were forced to re-examine their political and democratic roles, and in many cases restricted themselves to a small number of ‘core functions’ . Drawing on interviews and focus group undertaken for the third Global Parliamentary Report by the Inter-Parliamen­tary Union and the United Nations Development Programme, different approaches to public engagement by parliaments are assembled and their challenges and opportunities discussed . It shows that public engagement was side-lined in many parliaments while it was maintained or even received renewed attention in a few . This is especially true when it comes to procedural digital innovation and to outreach activities in remote areas and dias­pora communities . Thus the pandemic did accelerate changes that were already underway in some parliaments . It also showed the need for a renewed focus on parliamentary engage­ment not only in the crisis but also beyond .
Parlamente in der Pandemie: Anlass für Verfassungspessimismus?
Authors: Kersten Jens , Rixen Stephan
Published: January 2022

The pandemic has not led to a crisis of the parliamentary system of government . The Bun­destag in particular has upheld its governmental functions during the Corona crisis . But it could be more open to practice “virtual parliamentarism” . Parliamentary government via the interplay of the Infection Protection Act and statutory ordinances has also shown to be suitable for solving the pandemic; and with regard to the constitutional separation of pow­ers: Especially in a crisis, the executive is only as independent as parliament allows it to be .
„Mehr Fortschritt wagen“ – auch bei der Krankenhausfinanzierung
Authors: Gaß Gerald
Published: January 2022

Patientinnen und Patienten vertrauen den Krankenhäusern und haben hohe Erwartungen an Personal, Qualität und Prozessabläufe. Wesentliche Grundlage um diese Erwartungen zu erfüllen sind faire gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen. Der Artikel betrachtet die notwendigen Anpassungen und Weiterentwicklungen der Krankenhausfinanzierung und ihrer Rahmenbindungen, die im Fokus der Gesundheitspolitik der Koalition aus SPD, GRÜNEN und FDP stehen sollten.
Besser als der letzte Koalitionsvertrag
Authors: Leber Wulf-Dietrich
Published: January 2022

Die Überraschung des letzten Koalitionsvertrages war der Pflexit - die Ausgliederung der Pflegepersonalkosten aus den DRG-Fallpauschalen. Der Pflexit war ein Fehler. Einen solchen Fehler enthält der Vertrag der Ampel-Koalitionäre im Krankenhausbereich nicht. Die DRG-Vergütung wird nicht grundsätzlich zur Disposition gestellt, sondern durch eine Vorhaltekomponente ergänzt. Das hat viel mit der kollektiven Pandemieerfahrung zu tun. Die Koalitionäre versuchen den Reformstau abzuarbeiten - bei ambulanten Krankenhausleistungen, beim Rettungswesen und in Ansätzen bei der Krankenhausstruktur.
Dynamics of Public Risk Perception and Media Coverage
Authors: Fischer Anne-Kathrin
Published: January 2022

Many societal risks are beyond the scope of personal experience. Thus, people are increasingly dependent on third-party information to assess risks. This study examines the dynamics of public risk perception by focusing on the role of media coverage. It does so by comparing public opinion on selected societal risks, namely climate change, terrorism and demographic change over a 25-year period (1990–2015). The analysis examines risk perception in the US and Germany and provides valuable insights into how and why the public's assessment of risks differs in these countries.
Ehrenamt und Arbeitnehmerbegriff
Authors: Dürschmied Laura
Published: January 2022

The volunteer is not defined by law. Labor law provisions are not intended to apply to them. However, volunteers may have characteristics that are typically found in employees, e.g. they may be strongly involved in the activity in terms of time and hierarchy. How is the employee to be distinguished from the volunteer? The problem also arises in social and tax law. Can the principles that apply in these areas of law be transferred to labor law? The author develops her solution through a fundamental analysis of the terms and their relationship to each other in the respective areas of law and of the extensive case law on this subject.
Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz
Authors: Ring Gerhard , Geißler Alexander
Published: January 2022

Das Lehrbuch erörtert prägnant die wichtigsten Bereiche des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes (Patent-, Design- und Markenrecht, Wettbewerbsrecht) wie sie Gegenstand der universitären Schwerpunktausbildung sind. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Verständnisfragen erleichtern das Lernen und Wiederholen.
Polychrome hellenistische Mattfarbenkeramik
Authors: Hodgson Isabella
Published: January 2022

Among the ceramic vessels of the Hellenistic period, a polychrome group stands out, which, thanks to its flexible painting technique, could absorb influences from wall painting, toreutics and coroplastic. Their ephemeral yet prestigious character was ideal for a symbolic function in cultic contexts. As successors to red-figured, Gnathia and West Slope vessels, such vases form a late stage of figuratively decorated Greek ceramics. Their distribution mechanisms reflect social structures and historical developments at the time of their creation. These include migration movements as well as the special role of indigenous centres. For the first time, this book gives an overview of the numerous sites and workshops in Italy and Greece.
Der Islam in deutschen Lesebüchern 1935–1964/65
Authors: Junge Manuel
Published: January 2022

Die Untersuchung widmet sich den Repräsentationen des Islam und von Muslimen in Lesebüchern des Nationalsozialismus, der DDR und der Bundesrepublik (1935–1964/65). Es werden Lesebücher für die Volksschule (NS, BRD) und für die Grund- sowie die Polytechnische Oberschule (DDR) untersucht. Näher betrachtet werden u. a. Motive wie das Kopftuch und die Märtyrer- und Opferbereitschaft. Auch werden Texteingriffe und beigeordnete Paratexte analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Gebundenheit der Islamrepräsentationen an die jeweils vorherrschenden literaturpädagogischen Zielstellungen und Lesebuchkonzeptionen.
Hafiz between Nations: Song Settings by Daumer/Brahms and Peacock/Beamish
Authors: Loges Natasha
Published: January 2022

Consciously ‘othered’ cultural practices have long allowed musicians and poets to express different national identities to varying extents, without having to relinquish a geographically rooted sense of home. My aim is to examine such transnational links, symbols, and ties through a consideration of the songs ‘Wie bist du, meine Königin’ by Johannes Brahms (1833–97) and ‘Fish’ by Sally Beamish (b. 1956). Both are settings of translations of poetry by the Persian poet Hafiz, made respectively by Georg Friedrich Daumer (1800–72) and Jila Peacock (b. 1948). I offer insights into changing attitudes to Hafiz over time (the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries) and place (Germany, Persia/Iran, and Great Britain). I employ text- and score-based analysis, supplemented by interviews with Peacock and Beamish carried out in early 2019, which probed approaches to translation, text setting, and music, as well as issues of biography and national identity. I conclude that selective transnationalism, as I describe it, is a means of expanding one’s artistic range, while not entirely alienating the familiar self.
The German Roots of Russian Orientalism: Hafiz’s Poetry in Early-20th-Century Russian Song
Authors: Bullock Philip Ross
Published: January 2022

The Russian arts were as fascinated by exotic languages, cultures, and locales as their Western European counterparts, and at first glance, Russian settings of the poetry of Hafiz appears to form part of the broader field of musical exoticism in general, and Russian orientalism in particular. This chapter begins by examining the relationship between empire and music, before setting out a rather different account of Russian musical orientalism, one marked by a complex transnational flow of literary and musical influences, as well as practices of translation, imitation, cultural appropriation, and cross-border artistic exchange. Whilst forming part of a broader tendency to imagine visions of a supposed ‘orient’ that had little to do with any documented anthropological, ethnographic, philological, or linguistic reality, Russian settings of Hafiz’s poetry are ultimately the result of the import of elements of German romanticism. Here, writers, translators, and commentators co-opted a range of ‘exotic’ literatures in an attempt to distinguish themselves from the dominance of French classicism and fashion an autonomous form of German nationalism, key elements of which were then incorporated into mid-nineteenth-century Russian culture (as in the case of Afanasy Fet’s translations of Georg Daumer’s well-known ‘versions’ of Hafiz). Accordingly, Hafiz figures not so much as the object of orientalist representation (although there is certainly a strong element of that to the songs discussed here), but as an exemplary figure within a complex network of literary mediation.
Paul Verlaine in Parallel: Loeffler, Fauré, Debussy
Authors: Caballero Carlo
Published: January 2022

The contrasts between song settings of Verlaine’s poetry by Fauré, Debussy, and Hahn have long attracted comparative essays from scholars and singers. The songs of the American composer Charles Martin Loeffler offer yet another Verlaine. His settings of ‘La lune blanche’ and ‘En sourdine’ are particularly puzzling when heard after Fauré’s songs on the same poems. This essay seeks to make sense of some of Loeffler’s most idiosyncratic settings and show them as competent and as sensitive in their way as the more famous settings of Fauré and Debussy. I argue that Loeffler draws on the habits of ironic theatricality he would have observed in the cabarets and cafés-chantants he enjoyed frequenting in Paris. He applies the effects of popular urban song to Verlaine’s lyric and in this way is able to move very independently from Fauré or Debussy even as he raises a popular form to a high artistic level. In this context, Fauré and Debussy appear more similar than different, but we may array the three composers in a metaphorical geography moving from the countryside to the heart of the city: Fauré the pastoral, Debussy the suburban, and Loeffler the urban.
Woman, Mother, Human Rights Defender
Authors: da Silva Débora Maria , Assumpção Raiane Patrícia Severino
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Débora Maria da Silva gives testimony to the disappearance and killing of her son Edson on 15 May 2006 in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. His death occurred as part of what has been termed the ‘May Crimes’ in which state security forces have been implicated in the murder and enforced disappearance of hundreds of youths in that month alone. Mothers, like Débora Maria da Silva, organised the May Mothers group to seek investigation and redress for the crimes they call a genocide of young, poor, black youths. Because state authorities deem these victims to be criminals, not because of their acts but because of what they look like and where they live, they become ‘disposable’. Mothers have transformed their personal loss into collective action to demand an end to the violence, investigation into deaths and disappearance, and justice for wrongdoing.
Wilson’s Testimony: Abuse of Authority
Authors: Wilson
Published: January 2022

Wilson (pseudonym) recounts the story of the disappearance and struggle to find his partner’s son. He shows the everyday forms of abuse by state authorities of suspected gang members and their families that can end in disappearance. He also explains the efforts family members take to try to find their disappeared relatives and the constraints they face in doing so. These barriers are imposed by state authorities and gangs. Against these odds, Wilson expresses how hope, solidarity with other relatives of the disappeared, and organisations of victims keep families motivated in their struggle.
Using the Minnesota Protocol to Investigate Disappearance Cases
Authors: Frey Barbara A.
Published: January 2022

The guidelines on criminal and forensic investigation found in The Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death (2016) (OHCHR 2017) are a source of practical assistance in disappearance cases, establishing ‘a common standard of performance in investigating potentially unlawful death or suspected enforced disappearance’. The Minnesota Protocol offers a set of legal and practical guidelines for governments, institutions and individuals to carry out effective and transparent investigations in cases of death and/or disappearance. This chapter summarises the legal guidelines on the state’s duty to investigate disappearances, and practical guidelines on witness interviews, crime scene investigations, excavation of graves and autopsy procedures. The chapter explains the Protocol’s best practices for investigating cases in which bodies are missing, as well as considerations for dealing with family members in the cases.
Using the International Criminal Court to Denounce Disappearances: Crimes against Humanity in Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Chamberlin Michael W.
Published: January 2022

In 2017, the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH), supported by 100 other organisations, submitted a communication to the ICC detailing crimes committed against the civilian population from 2009-16 in the State of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico, including murder, illegal imprisonment, enforced disappearance, torture, and sexual violence. This chapter explains the procedural and substantive basis of their complaint as a model for others who may seek the ICC’s involvement in the investigation and prosecution a pattern of enforced disappearances.
Literatura, música e o testemunho de resistência
Authors: Cornelsen Elcio Loureiro , Ourique João Luis Pereira , Umbach Rosani Ketzer
Published: January 2022

A relação entre resistência e estudos literários, por vezes, ainda é tratada de forma conflitiva. Um conflito que não se relaciona com a oposição de ideias ou mesmo como oportunidade para que sejam pensadas novas visões acerca da sociedade e do devir histórico, mas com uma noção que empobrece a potencialidade da crítica literária ao renegá-la ao campo dos aspectos formais quando desconsidera as questões temáticas que norteiam e embasam a criação artística. A Revista Literatura e Autoritarismo procura evidenciar a aproximação entre os aspectos éticos e estéticos, mediados pelo viés de um pensamento filosófico e científico capaz de interagir nesses campos que se complementam.
Eco-workshops in the function of the environmental awareness enhancement of teachers and younger school age children
Authors: Petrović Danijela , Marić Mia , Kozoderović Gordana , Bogosavljević-Šijakov Miona , Branković Nataša
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of teachers towards the environment and environmental awareness, as well as to educate primary school students to solve simple environmental problems through various workshop activities. Instructions for eco-workshops applications were created, as well as an advertising material for children with illustrations on how to sort waste and how to preserve nature. Moreover, interactive workshops facilitated children to, while playing, learn how to sort waste, to develop awareness of the importance of waste disposal and recycling, as well as to rise awareness of the importance of their personal participation and contribution to the preservation of the environment and natural resources. The workshops also were facilitating the development of a holistic approach to nature and life, while understanding that everything is connected and should be viewed as a whole. Raising eco-pedagogical competencies is necessary in terms of improving environmental considerations, as well as developing the environmental sensibility of all participants in the education process.
Efficiency of multimedia education
Authors: Krstić Dijana
Published: January 2022

The overall development of technology has also contributed to the development of multimedia technology and its greater application in education. The curriculum cannot be viewed separately in relation to the changes taking place in modern society and in relation to its technological progress. Teaching methods, techniques and tools are constantly changing and in modern pedagogy they are more efficient and stimulating for the acquisition of knowledge. In traditional teaching, the role of teachers and students differs significantly, the teacher has a dominant role of lecturer, while students have a passive role in the process of acquiring knowledge. Teaching conceived in this way changed with the development of technology, because the teacher is no longer the only source of knowledge and information, and students are not passive objects that absorb that knowledge. Our goal is to review the importance and efficiency of multimedia education by reviewing the relevant literature. As first, we will try to define the concept of multimedia and analyze the theoretical basis of multimedia education, as well as its application in teaching. We start from the assumption that since technology simplifies functioning in general, it contributes to simplifying and improving the education process.
Consulting during the coronavirus in the light of an empirical survey in Hungary
Authors: Szeiner Zsuzsanna , Kovács Ádám , Zsigmond Tibor , Poór József
Published: January 2022

Relatively little accurate information about management consulting and its market is available to interested readers. Therefore, in this article, we are committed to presenting the most important global trends from various sources, analyzing the main features of the development of the European, Central and Eastern European, as well as the Hungarian consulting markets. Among several other industries, the consulting sector has been affected negatively by the emergence of corona crisis. Consulting, characterized by stable growth and expansion before the pandemic, is estimated to have declined by 17-18 percent in 2020. However, different experts agree that consulting industry will recover faster from the current crisis than before. The pandemic has caused radical changes in the way we work and communicate, and consultants are ready to keep with the flow. One of the key questions of our empirical study in Hungary was the extent to which each consulting organization experienced an economically negative situation, the areas where there was a decrease or an increase, and the extent to which they see new opportunities for the future. Based on the results obtained, we found that the examined organizations were negatively affected by the crisis in terms of sales and services, but a significant part of the organizations also see new opportunities in the current situation for the future.
Application of modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the era of digital transformation
Authors: Ivanović Teodora , Marić Mirjana
Published: January 2022

Modern digital technologies - acronym SMACIT (Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud, and Internet of Things [IoT]) - are the generator of digital business transformation today. Companies that have done their business in the same way for years can not, without adequate transformation, respond to the fresh challenges induced by modern digital technologies. The authors described the concept and content of digital business transformation and the impact of modern digital technologies on ERP systems. The paper conducts empirical research using the survey method. We conducted a survey on a sample of 25 small companies in Serbia. The results of the empirical research show modern ERP systems in small companies in Serbia, and the main drivers and barriers for their application.
Sustainability balanced scorecard: Four performance perspectives or more?
Authors: Rašić-Jelavić Sanda , Pajdaković-Vulić Mirna
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as a renewed framework for measuring and managing sustainability performance of a company. The paper presents the main characteristics of original Balanced Scorecard (BSC), explains its purpose and main performance perspectives. Based on literature review, paper address the various approaches to design and prioritize performance perspectives within the SBSC. Firstly, casual links within and between performance perspectives are described: hierarchical links (as is in original BSC approach), semi-hierarchical links and network links. Secondly, the paper explains how the sustainability issues are incorporated within SBSC framework. Several solutions are explained as suggested in the literature: (1) adding additional single or multiple performance perspectives to deal with strategically important sustainability issues, (2) incorporating sustainability aspects within original four performance perspectives, (3) adding additional sustainability perspectives and incorporating sustainability aspects in four original performance perspectives simultaneously, (4) organize separate SBSC for managing only sustainability issues. Specific features of these approaches are explained as well as appropriateness of their application in practice. Advantages and disadvantages of SBSC are highlighted and recommendations for future research.