bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR REFORMATION OF CHURCH AND SOCIETY
Authors: Bello T. T.
Published: August 2020

The main concern of this publication is to x-ray how Theological Education can serve as a tool for reformation of Church and society. The publication will show Theological Education as an agent of transformation of the Church and the society we belong.

Here, this publication will go into the definitions of the Church and society, even reformation will also be definite. The researcher will not only look into what is theology he will also look at theology and Education together.

The focus of this paper will be on the fundamental dimension on the role played by the Theological Education in the formation, reformation and transformation of the Church and society in the 21st Century. The paper will also look at the impact of Theological Education on our society and Churches of the universal Church. There shall be suggestions on the theological tools to be used when going about this paper.

However, when theological Education is on course there are some human resources to be used, it shall be examined. The researcher will try to explain more on the resource persons and material. The important of Theology to the Christian society will be looked into by the researcher. How the task of Theological Education is to be handle will also be discoursed. From this publication the researcher will want to deal with Theological challenges when studying Theological Education.   

Theological Education as a tool for reformation of Church and Society: Church of Nigeria Anglican Communion is in focus.
Pengaruh Konversi Lahan terhadap Strategi Pemanfaatan Modal Nafkah Rumah Tangga Buruh Tani
Authors: Prastiwi Hesti , Sihaloho Martua
Published: August 2020

Lahan merupakan salah satu sumber daya agraria yang sangat penting bagi petani dikarenakan lahan merupakan salah satu sumber untuk bertahan hidup. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Pembangunan yang terjadi di Indonesia semakin masif, menimbulkan konversi lahan bersifat permanen ketika lahan sawah beririgasi berubah menjadi kawasan pemukiman atau industri. Konversi lahan yang terjadi menyebabkan hilangnya beberapa atau seluruh modal nafkah yang ada. Perubahan modal nafkah ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan strategi nafkah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konversi lahan terhadap strategi nafkah dan pengaruh pemanfaatan  modal nafkah  terhadap strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Desa Pasirgaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur hingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dampak konversi lahan mempengaruhi modal dan strategi nafkah.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, konversi lahan, modal nafkah, strategi nafkah=====ABSTRACTLand is one of the most important agrarian resources for farmers because land is one source of livelihood survival. According to Constitution Number 41 Year 2009 on concerning The Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture. The development that is taking place in Indonesia is increasingly massive leading to permanent land conversion when technical irrigated rice fields change into residential or industrial areas. The land conversion that occurs causes a loss of some or all existing livelihood asset. This change in livelihood asset will result in a change in farmers livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the impact of land conversion towards livelihood strategies and the influence of the utilization of livelihood asset towards the livelihood strategies households. The location of this research is Pasirgaok Village, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. The method used to extract facts, data, and information in the research is the quantitative approach through survey method with questionnaires supported by qualitative data through interview and literature study until it is obtained that the impact of land conversion towards landless farmer household’s assets and livelihood strategies.Keywords: land conversion, landless farmer, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies
Hubungan Karakteristik Pengguna dan Perilaku Penggunaan Portal Data BMKG dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Perolehan Data Iklim
Authors: Raja Melita Emas Lumban , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: August 2020

Masyarakat dapat mengakses informasi data iklim seperti data Meteorologi, Klimatologi, Kualitas Udara, dan Geofisika dari berbagai media yang digunakan. Lembaga pemerintah non kementerian di Indonesia yang berwenang terhadap data ini adalah Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG). BMKG menyediakan portal layanan data online yang berisikan data iklim, Portal ini secara khusus digunakan oleh mahasiswa Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi FMIPA IPB Angkatan 2015, 2016, dan 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pengguna portal data terhadap perolehan data iklim yang disediakan oleh BMKG. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan didukung dengan data kualitatif dengan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi FMIPA IPB Angkatan 2015, 2016, dan 2017 tidak puas atas perolehan data iklim yang disediakan oleh BMKG. Hal ini ditinjau berdasarkan hubungan karakteristik pengguna dan perilaku penggunaan dengan tingkat kepuasan perolehan data iklim dari portal layanan data online BMKG.Kata Kunci: gratification, tingkat kepuasan, perilaku penggunaan media=====ABSTRACTPublic can access information such as Meteorology, Climatology, Air Quality and Geophysics data from various media used. The non-ministerial government institutions in Indonesia that are authorized for this data are the Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG). BMKG provides an online data service portal containing climate data. This portal is specifically used by students of the batch 2015, 2016 and 2017 from Department of Geophysics and Meteorology FMIPA IPB. The aim of this research is analyzing the satisfaction of data portal users on climate data acquisition provided by BMKG. The approach used is a quantitative approach with a survey method using a questionnaire instrument and supported by qualitative data with interview methods. The results of this study indicate that the students of the batch 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Department of Geophysics and Meteorology FMIPA IPB were not satisfied with the acquisition of climate data provided by BMKG. This was reviewed based on the relationship between user characteristics and usage behavior with satisfaction of climate data acquisition from BMKG's online data service portal.Keywords: gratification, satisfaction level, media use behavior
Corte Constitucional colombiana: ¿un escenario posible para el Experimentalismo Constitucional en materia migratoria?
Authors: Moreno V. Carolina , Pelacani Gracy
Published: August 2020

The analysis and reflections on the management of the migration phenomenon by Colombian authorities and on the recent developments of the normative framework on migration are contrasting. In this scenario, the Colombian Constitutional Court plays a key role in understanding these complex dynamics and in comprehending the possible future developments of the Colombian migration policy. This article reflects on this issue through the analysis of some of the most important decisions on this matter, with the aim of proposing it as a lens through which the case law of the Constitutional Court on migrants´ fundamental rights can be understood, especially regarding the rights of migrants coming from Venezuela.
Diet of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) (Strigiformes: Tytonidae) in the Saharan Touggourt Area (Algeria)
Authors: Hadjoudj Moussa , Benhaddya Mohammed Lamine , Souttou Karim , Doumandji Salaheddine
Published: August 2020

The Barn Owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769), is a nocturnal raptor species. Their diet includes small vertebrates, mainly rodents, and birds. To study their feeding in the desert area of Touggourt, we collected 153 pellets at the Ranou palm grove. We found 468 specimens belonging to 62 species. In terms of abundance, the item more consumed was Rodents (35.9%) followed by Insects (35.2%) and Birds (10.7%). In terms of absolute abundance, the prey more consumed was Brachytrypes megacephalus (21.4 %), followed by an undetermined Lacertidae species (9.2%) and Gerbillus nanus (8.8%). In terms of biomass, rodents contributed more to the diet of Tyto alba (44.66%) than birds (34.3%) and reptiles (12.06%). The highest value of biomass corresponded to Streptopelia sp. (15.7%), followed by Rattus rattus (14.1%) and an undetermined Lacertidae species (11.8%). To our knowledge, this is the first assess- ment of the diet composition of Tyto alba in the Saharan Touggourt area.
POLITIK HUKUM PENGATURAN KEWENANGAN PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR DAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL OLEH PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM KERANGKA NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Wardana Dodi Jaya
Published: August 2020

Management of coastal areas and small islands by the regional government is essentially the implementation of regional autonomy that has been guaranteed by Article 18 paragraph (2) of the 1945 NRI Constitution. With the existence of regional autonomy, according to Article 18A of the 1945 NRI Constitution there is a relationship of authority in the management of coastal areas and small islands. For this reason, the authority of regional governments in managing coastal areas and small islands is an inseparable part of regional autonomy. Based on Article 50 of Law No. 1 of 2014 in conjunction with Article 18 of Law No. 32 of 2004, the provincial authorities ranging from 4 nautical miles to 12 nautical miles, while the regencies / cities have the authority ranging from 0 nautical miles to 4 nautical miles. However, since the enactment of Law no. 23 of 2014, specifically the provisions of Article 14 paragraph (1), management of coastal areas and small islands is only the authority of the Central and provincial governments. Provincial authorities start from 0 nautical miles to 12 nautical miles. Whereas regencies / cities no longer have authority in managing coastal areas and small islands.
ASPEK HUKUM DISKRIMINASI PADA ANAK AKIBAT PERCERAIAN
Authors: Iskandar Hardian
Published: August 2020

Children are the generation of the nation's administrators, whose growth is protected by the state. As the successor to a protected nation, children in essence need to be avoided from acts of discrimination from divorce that occur between parents so that the child's development and growth can develop both physically, mentally, and socially. This study discusses the legal aspects of discrimination in children based on divorce using the method of discussing normatives, to analyze how the legal aspects of confirmation of divorce children
O discurso das tribos urbanas no espaço escolar: categoria, metáfora ou efeito metafórico?
Authors: Santos Ana Paula Moreira dos
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar o resultado parcial de uma proposta de intervenção realizada no 9º ano do ensino fundamental da escola estadual Presidente Médici, em Cuiabá (MT). Pensamos a constituição dos sentidos e dos sujeitos nas tribos, pela linguagem na narratividade urbana. A proposta, ancorada na análise de discurso de linha francesa, objetivou confrontar-se com o real das tribos urbanas, pela compreensão do modo como a cidade e seus grupos, enquanto espaço simbólico produzem sentidos. O outro objetivo era compreender a relação sujeito, história e espaço urbano, constitutiva do processo de significação destas tribos a partir de materialidades significantes (como vídeos, manchetes de notícias, propagandas, entre outros). Pretendeu-se construir com os alunos um estudo diferente, colocando o olhar em movimento e compreendendo como as noções do “eu urbano” e do “eu grupo” estão relacionadas ao recorte tribos urbanas que podem ser silenciadas, negadas, metaforizadas ou vislumbradas como possíveis sentidos da cidade. Dessa forma, para ressignificar a vivência dos alunos, tratamos as materialidades de tribos urbanas, incluindo as próprias experiências e vivências dos alunos, considerando o equívoco, a ideologia, enfim, os deslizamentos, os efeitos metafóricos nos gestos de interpretação.
Atividades de retextualização a partir do gênero discursivo memórias: proposta de trabalho em uma escola da comunidade remanescente quilombola de Furnas do Dionísio
Authors: Francischini Ariane Wust de Freitas , Barros Adriana Lúcia de Escobar Chaves de
Published: August 2020

Este estudo é parte de uma pesquisa do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Letras em Rede - PROFLETRAS, intitulada “Atividades de retextualização a partir do gênero discursivo memórias: proposta de trabalho em uma escola da comunidade remanescente quilombola de Furnas do Dionísio”.  Com a finalidade de registrar e revitalizar a identidade cultural da comunidade, propomos um trabalho com sequência didática – SD, aplicada em uma turma do 9º ano do ensino fundamental da Escola Estadual Zumbi dos Palmares, localizada na comunidade remanescente quilombola de Furnas do Dionísio, no município de Jaraguari/MS, sendo o corpus de análise formado pelos textos produzidos e retextualizados pelos alunos a partir de relatos orais de idosos da comunidade. Ao considerarmos a língua como um conjunto de práticas sociais e cognitivas historicamente situadas, cuja nascente emerge na interação entre os sujeitos e tomando por base o contínuo da relação entre oralidade e escrita proposta por Marcuschi, procuramos explicitar como essas modalidades se complementam. E para a construção do conceito de gênero discursivo, tomamos por base as considerações sobre os estudos do pensador russo Bakhtin.
Processos de apropriação da atividade de tradução e o controle da variação nos textos-alvo
Authors: Florêncio Elaine Aguiar , Pria Albano Dalla
Published: August 2020

O estudo dos princípios que regulam a variação nos textos-alvo é o principal objetivo desse trabalho. Para tanto, assumimos a hipótese de Pria (2014) sobre a variação na superfície dos textos-alvo. O pesquisador argumenta que, antes de avaliar em termos da eficácia do trabalho do tradutor, os textos-alvo devem ser considerados em articulação com cada situação de enunciação e com cada processo particular de apropriação da linguagem. Nossa reflexão teve por base traduções do inglês para o português. Sustentados pelos fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas (CULIOLI, 1990; 1999a; 1999b), construímos um sistema de representação metalinguística para dar visibilidade à atividade de tradução e para apreender os marcadores variáveis da ancoragem situacional exibidos nos textos-alvo.
A reivindicação do cumprimento da lei do piso salarial dos professores: outro modo de não dizer eu
Authors: Rodrigues Mara Lucia Martins , Zattar Neuza Benedita da Silva
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho, propomos analisar o funcionamento enunciativo de quem diz (locutor-x), para quem se diz (alocutário-x) num tipo específico de texto, que estamos chamando de texto-reivindicatório. São textos que significam e se significam sócio-historicamente, considerando a vigência da Lei nº. 11.738/08, que trata da implantação do piso salarial dos profissionais do magistério público da Educação Básica no Brasil. Os textos-reivindicatórios têm por objetivo exigir ou cobrar publicamente algo de interesse coletivo e, geralmente, são grafados em faixas afixadas nos espaços públicos da cidade, tal como a rua ou conduzidas em passeatas, por exemplo. Partimos da hipótese de que nesses textos ocorre um deslizamento na relação Eu – tu para a relação Ele – ele, caracterizando-se um outro modo de não dizer eu, estabelecendo-se na cena enunciativa o conflito entre quem diz e para quem é dito. Para a realização deste trabalho nos aportamos teoricamente pelo viés da Semântica do Acontecimento, de Eduardo Guimarães (2002, 2005).
A distribuição geográfica da forma pronominal a gente na fala do português europeu
Authors: Carvalho Gislaine Aparecida de , Corrêa Géssica Cristina Carvalho
Published: August 2020

Este artigo mostra que a reestruturação no paradigma pronominal com a inserção de "a gente" no quadro de pronomes pessoais já não pode mais ser apontada como uma das diferenças sintáticas que distanciam o português europeu do português brasileiro. Para apresentar a distribuição geográfica da forma pronominal "a gente" no território continental português, as pesquisas seguiram os ritos da Sociolinguística Variacionista e mapearam em amostras de fala - entrevistas da coletânea do CORDIAL-SIN - a frequência de uso dessa expressão pronominal com o objetivo de verificar sua produtividade. Os resultados além de confirmar a consolidação dessa forma "inovadora", mostraram que o cânone pronome "nós" é pouco produtivo, especialmente na sua forma plena.
Entre exclamações e interrogações: uma reflexão sobre língua, discurso, leitura e ensino
Authors: Grantham Marilei
Published: August 2020

Este texto, cujo principal objetivo é refletir sobre língua, discurso, leitura e ensino, encontra suporte na Análise do Discurso (AD),teoria que tem como proposta básica considerar como primordial a relação da linguagem com a exterioridade.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Lima Souza Kellynay , Reverti de Araújo Silva Luana
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer a importância do desenvolvimento da
psicomotricidade na Educação Infantil. Sabe-se que a psicomotricidade está
presente em todas as atividades que desenvolvem a motricidade das crianças,
contribuindo para o conhecimento e o domínio de seu próprio corpo, o que a
torna indispensável para o desenvolvimento global e a base fundamental para o
processo de aprendizagem dos indivíduos. Este estudo bibliográfico se
fundamenta, em autores que preconizam a Educação psicomotora como sendo
a base para a Educação Infantil, com destaque em Le Boulch (1986; 1987; 2001).
Buscamos também a fundamentação em Silva (2011), Wallon (1963;1981),
Souza (2012), nos conceitos do Ministério da educação (1998), dentre outros
autores que definem a psicomotricidade e enfatizam sua importância no
desenvolvimento Infantil. Observamos nesse estudo, que a estimulação
psicomotora correta contribui para uma aprendizagem completa e significativa e
é de extrema importância na Educação Infantil, pois desempenha um papel
fundamental para as aprendizagens.
The Influence of Brand Equity on Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry in Uzbekistan
Authors: Rasuleva Diyora , Khurana Karan
Published: August 2020

Data is available in the paper
Using a thin slice coding approach to assess preschool overweight and obesity
Authors: Whalen Diana , Gilbert Kirsten , Barch Deanna
Published: August 2020

Obesity is a major public health problem and cause of significant burden across the lifespan. Longitudinal samples, beginning in early childhood offer an advantageous approach to studying obesity, given the potential to observe within-individual changes over time. Yet among the many available longitudinal studies of children, particularly those studying psychological disorders, do not assess for overweight/obesity status or related constructs necessary to compute BMI. We offer a unique thin slice approach for assessing obesity/overweight status using previously collected video data. The current study observationally coded overweight/obesity status in a clinically enriched sample of preschoolers oversampled for depression (N=299). Preschoolers (ages 3-6 years) completed 1-8 structured observational tasks with an experimenter. Overweight/obesity was coded using a “thin slice” technique with 7,820 unique ratings available for analysis. Parent-reported physical health problems were assessed throughout the study and BMI percentiles were available from ages 8-19 years. Thin-slice ratings of overweight/obesity were reliably observed in preschoolers’ ages 3-6 years. Thin-slice ratings of overweight/obesity during preschool significantly predicted adolescent BMI percentiles at six separate assessments spanning ages 8-19 years. Further, preschool overweight/obese thin-slice ratings were associated with more physical health problems over time and less sport/activity participation during preschool. Overweight/obesity can be observationally identified in preschool-age children and offers a reliable estimate of future BMI percentile. Study findings highlight how previously collected data could be utilized to study the developmental trajectories of overweight/obesity to inform this critical public health problem.
Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists
Authors: Wood Brian , Millar Riccardo S. , Wright Nicholas , Baumgartner Joshua , Holmquist Hannah , Kiffner Christian
Published: August 2020

In many regions of sub Saharan Africa large mammals occur in human-dominated areas, yet their community composition and species-specific densities have rarely been described in areas occupied by traditional hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. Surveys of mammal populations in such areas provide important measures of biodiversity and provide ecological context for understanding hunting practices. Using a sampling grid centered on a Hadza hunter-gatherer camp and covering 36 km² of semi-arid savannah in northern Tanzania, we assessed mammals using camera traps (n = 19 stations) for c. 5 months (2,182 trap nights). In the study area (Tli’ika in the Hadza language), we recorded 36 wild mammal species, resembling a near complete mammal community. Rarefaction curves suggest that sampling effort was sufficient to capture mammal species richness. Species-specific densities were estimated using a random encounter model and site- and species’ body mass- specific estimates of the area sampled at each camera; confidence intervals were estimated using bootstrapping. Point estimates of densities varied by c. four orders of magnitude, from 0.003 ind./km² (African wild dog) to 27.5 ind./km² (Kirk’s dik dik). Densities of livestock (cattle, donkey, sheep and goat) were high, particularly when estimated using directly observed herd sizes. Cumulative biomass density of herbivorous livestock species exceeded that of all wild mammals by a factor of 3.3-38.7. We compare our study’s data to camera trap rates recorded in a fully protected area of northern Tanzania with similar precipitation (Lake Manyara National Park), revealing that abundance indices of most wildlife species in Tli’ika were much lower. We discuss how these data inform studies of Hadza hunting and models of hunter-gatherer foraging ecology and diet.
Panduan Registrasi Google Sholar
Authors: Wenda Yowenus
Published: August 2020

Salah satu syarat registrasi dosen di portal SINTA adalah memiliki akun GS. Tujuan: Bimbingan teknis membuat akun Google Scholar dan SINTA, setiap dosen memiliki akun Google Scholar dan SINTA dan pemanfaatan lebih lanjut akun Google Scholar dan SINTA
The Elite Global Citizen: How Wealth Shapes Cosmopolitan Identity and Charitable Intentions
Authors: Manokara Kunalan , Hornsey Matthew , Jetten Jolanda
Published: August 2020

In four studies, we provide the first empirical examination of how wealth relates to cosmopolitan identity, and its consequences for charitable intentions. Study 1 demonstrated that wealth positively predicted cosmopolitan identity in a 60-nation dataset (n=90,350). Study 2 replicated this finding with multi-item measures in the US, India, and Australia (total n=861); self-esteem and self-efficacy accounted for this association. Study 3 demonstrated the mediating role of cosmopolitan identity in explaining the link between wealth and charitable intentions (n=351). Study 4 provided causal evidence for these relationships by experimentally manipulating wealth perceptions in the US and India (total n=537). People who were made to feel wealthy (as opposed to poor) reported greater self-esteem and self-efficacy, which flowed through to heightened cosmopolitan identification, and finally to increased charitable intentions. Together, these studies suggest that structural economic realities may impose psychological barriers to cultivating global citizenship, hence implicating prosocial downstream consequences.
The Genetics of Hereditary Hemihyperplasia in the Achaemenid Era
Authors: Ashrafian Hutan , McHale Duncan
Published: August 2020

Background: The first historical description of hemihperplasia through upper limb gigantism was described 2500 years ago. This takes place in the classical era within the context of the ancient Achaemenid dynasty where the emperor Artaxerxes I is described as suffering from arm gigantism.Methods: Pedigree analysis form classical sourcesResults: Artaxerxes’ family tree demonstrates a powerful pedigree collapse that is comparable with the consanguinity in the historical Spanish Royal line and that of the Hapsburgs. Such an extensive pedigree collapse may therefore offer an explanation for the pronounced phenotype of hemihyperplasia.Conclusion: The evaluation of ancient evidence with biological and genetic appraisal in presented in this case of hemihyperplasia can offer a deeper understanding of history whilst also highlighting the longstanding impact of genetic diseases on mankind.
FXYD1 is differentially expressed in non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide (1, 2). We mined published microarray data (3, 4, 5) to discover genes associated with NSCLC. We identified significant differential expression of the FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 1 FXYD1 (6) in tumors from patients with NSCLC. FXYD1 may be of relevance to the initiation, progression or maintenance of non-small cell lung cancers.
The Attitudes of Medical Students for Their Roles and Social Accountability in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Hong Jihoon , Jung Ikjae , Park Mingeol , Kim Kyumin , Yeo Sungook , Lee Joohee , Suh Sooyeon , Hong Yujin , Park Jangho , Chung Seockhoon
Published: August 2020

IntroductionIn this study, we aimed to explore the attitude of medical students toward their roles and social accountability in this pandemic era. An online survey asked questions covering the topics of 1) the role of medical students in the pandemic era; 2) Medical education in the ‘new normal,’ and 3) the impact of COVID-19 on medical students. MethodsThe online survey, developed by a team consisting of 3 medical students, 3 psychiatric residents, and 3 psychiatric professors, was distributed to medical students, graduates, and professors in a single South Korean medical school. Anxiety symptom rating scales, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic - 6 (SAVE-6) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) scale, were also applied to measure participant anxiety level.ResultsAll of the 213 medical students, 180 graduates, and 181 professors that participated in this online survey were at the same medical school. Medical students indicated their willingness to join the healthcare response to the COVID-19 pandemic if requested; however, graduates and professors recommended that medical students continue their medical school curriculum rather than join the response. In the new normal era, medical education was considered to be changed appropriately. Moreover, adequate knowledge of COVID-19 infection and spread must be considered for the continuation of clinical clerkships during the pandemic. Overall, medical students who indicated anxiety about treating possible or confirmed cases rated higher on the SAVE-6 scale. Finally, medical students who reported that COVID-19 had an influence on their studies and daily life rated higher on the general anxiety scale (GAD-7). ConclusionSocial accountability is an important issue for medical students in the pandemic era. At the same time, cultivating professionalism is also important for the readiness for the future healthcare responses.
Where is my Mind? Separating the Self from the Body through Perspective Taking
Authors: de Boer Debbie , Johnston Patrick , Kerr Graham , Meinzer Marcus , Cleeremans Axel
Published: August 2020

Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is separate from the own body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. We hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right Angular Gyrus (perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right Angular Gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense-of-agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment.
Perceived and Ideal Inequality in University Endowments in the United States
Authors: Day Martin V. , Norton Michael I
Published: August 2020

Whether and which university to attend are among the most financially consequential choices most people make. Universities with relatively larger endowments can offer better education experiences, which can drive inequality in students’ subsequent outcomes. We first explore three interrelated questions: the current educational inequality across U.S. universities; people’s perceptions of this inequality; and their desired inequality. Educational inequality is large: the top 20% of universities has 80% of the total university endowment wealth while the bottom 20% has around 1%. Studies 1-3 demonstrated that people underestimate university endowment inequality and desire more equality. These perceptions and ideals were mostly unaffected by contextual factors (e.g., salience of endowment consequences, distribution range) and were not well explained by participants’ demographics. Finally, Study 4 revealed that learning about current endowment inequality decreased tolerance of the distribution of university wealth. We discuss the implications of awareness of educational inequality for behaviors and educational policies.
Ideological responses to the breaking of COVID-19 social distancing recommendations
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Rhodes Darren
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 has plagued the globe since January 2020, infecting millions and claiming the lives of several hundreds of thousands (at the time of writing). Despite this, many individuals have ignored public health guidance and continued to socialize in groups. Emergent work has highlighted the potential role that ideology plays in such behavior, and judgements of it. In response to this contemporary cultural phenomenon, we tested whether judgements of those allegedly flouting the guidance on social distancing were influenced by an interaction between the ideologies of those providing judgements, and those allegedly breaking the rules. Our data suggest that judgements of those flouting social distancing guidance are influenced by ideology in a symmetrical way. That is, both liberals and conservatives condemn outgroup flouting more than ingroup flouting. We discuss this finding in the context of theoretical work into ideological symmetries, and the implications of growing ideological polarization in contemporary Western democracies.
Moral Psychology And Artificial Agents (Part 2): The Transhuman Connection
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Sundvall Jukka , Berg Anton , Palomäki Jussi , Drosinou Marianna , Kunnari Anton , Repo Marko , Saikkonen Teemu , Herzon Volo
Published: August 2020

In this chapter we focus on some of the problems that novel trans-humanistic technologies pose to our moral cognition. We use an interdisciplinary approach for analyzing these problems and use a wide range of theories from e.g evolutionary psychology, moral psychology, anthropology and cognitive science.
Reimagining mathematics: The role of mental imagery in explaining mathematical calculation skills in childhood
Authors: Bates Kathryn E , Gilligan Katie Anne , Farran Emily Kate
Published: August 2020

Evidence for associations between spatial skills and mathematics has led to the argument that spatial visualisation plays a role in mathematical calculation. However, there is no single accepted definition of what spatial visualisation encompasses. Here, we investigated spatial visualisation in the context of a mental imagery framework. We applied a component model of mental imagery, involving Image Generation, Image Maintenance, Image Transformation (measured here using Mental Rotation) and Image Scanning, to examine how each component predicted mathematical calculation ability in primary school children (N=92, age 6-11 years). We found that, after age, only Mental Rotation significantly predicted mathematical calculation. Our findings advance theoretical understanding by demonstrating that spatial visualisation definitions, applied to mathematics, should be refined to focus on Image Transformation. This also highlights the practical implication that Image Transformation strategies are promising targets for future intervention work, rather than broad visualisation strategies.
Couples’ Perceptual Agreement Regarding Their Relationship
Authors: Niehuis Sylvia
Published: August 2020

We introduce an instrument assessing the unique niche of romantic partners feeling they share the same memories and feelings about their relationship: the Shared Reality regarding one’s Relationship (SRR) scale. Existing instruments are less specific, assessing partners’ sense of agreement not only about their relationship, but topics outside of it (e.g., whether they share an opinion about a particular movie). We collected cross-sectional data on 656 romantically partnered individuals (from dating to marriage), testing alpha (equal item-weighting) and composite (non-equal weighting) reliability, and convergent, concurrent, criterion-related, and discriminant validity (two types). We also conducted a test-retest reliability study with a roughly two-three week interval between assessments (N = 58 individuals). The SRR scale exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties in these areas.
The Political Impact of Affective Polarization: How Partisan Animus Shapes COVID-19 Attitudes
Authors: Druckman James , Klar Samara , Krupnikov Yanna , Levendusky Matthew , Ryan John B.
Published: August 2020

Affective polarization is a defining feature of 21st century American politics—partisans harbor considerable dislike and distrust of those from the other party. Does this animus have consequences for citizens’ opinions? Such effects would highlight not only the consequences of polarization, but also shed new light onto how citizens form preferences more generally. Normally, this question is intractable, but the outbreak of the novel coronavirus allows us to answer it. We find that affective polarization powerfully shapes citizens’ attitudes about the pandemic, as well as the actions they have taken in response to it. However, these effects are conditional on the local severity of the outbreak, as the effects decline in areas with high caseloads—threat vitiates partisan reasoning. Our results clarify that closing the divide on important issues requires not just policy discourse but also attempts to reduce inter-partisan hostility.
PELOPOR PATRIOTISME NUSANTARA BRIGJEND HAJI HASSAN BASRY SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER GENERASI MUDA
Authors: JUNAIDI
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has many fighters who a’im to free them selves from the heroes who are willing to sacrifice peace, and freedom from invaders from other countries, so that the shock makes the physical revolutionary figure seize, fight or peace, led by one of the brave leaders Brigadier General Haji Hassan Basry. Hassan Basry from South Kalimantan. Struggling to defend the position of independence, based on the influence of Dutch troops. The Kalimantan Chief General led a deception that the Dutch could not know, so the attack was successful. Success is expressed and introduced through learning so that one forms the patriotism of the archipelago based on, attitudes, character embodied in the values of struggle, which are developed in the younger generation through education. Thus education builds the character contained in it, influences the meaning of life, in the nature of the daily habits of the younger generation, through direct or indirect moral messages, thereby slowly forming the traits to further uphold the nation formed by younger roles, current generation and later.
Alternatives for the Internet: A Journey into Decentralised Network Architectures and Information Commons
Authors: Dulong de Rosnay Mélanie , Musiani Francesca
Published: August 2020

For over twenty years, alternative forms of organising and networking – fuelled by the Internet but sometimes pre-dating it – have been discussed as possible responses to the dynamics of concentration, centralisation and capture exemplified in the current pervasively digital world by Internet giants such as Google and Facebook. This article takes stock of the lessons learned by the authors in over a decade of research on decentralised/P2P network architectures and on information commons, to suggest some ‘ways forward’ for these alternatives for the Internet.
Influence of Heat Treatment and Precipitation on the Former Austenite Grain Size in Cold Forged, Case-Hardened Steel Components
Authors: Glamsch S. , Ledig A. , Felber C. , Schuster A. , Raedt H.-W.
Published: August 2020

In case-hardened steel components, fine-grain stability is one of the most important properties of the microstructure, since a single coarse grain in a fine-grain matrix is often sufficient to cause premature failure of the component under appropriate loading. In order to better understand the influence of heat treatments on cold formed components, the case hardened microstructure of 16 different heat treatment combinations was investigated on the case hardening steel 20MnCr5 (1.7168). The process chain influences grain growth inhibiting precipitations, which in turn influence the fine grain stability. For this reason, aluminium nitrides in size ranges from approx. 15 to 250 nm were analysed in two samples using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy in both fine and coarse-grained areas. The respective areas examined had an average area of 1,250−2,000 μm2. The statistical analysis showed that within the samples no significant difference in morphology and density between aluminium nitrides in fine and coarse-grained areas could be found. On the other hand, more clusters appear in larger grains. Furthermore, a significant influence of the heat treatments on the aluminium nitrides could be detected.
Pelatihan Desain Kemasan Produk UMKM di Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Pratiwi Octasylva Annuridya Rosyidta , Leonita Shinta , Damang Syahril Makosim
Published: August 2020

Kemasan (packaging) suatu produk dapat meningkatkan nilai jual dari suatu produk dan jasa, karena menyangkut estetika, ketahanan dan keamanan sekaligus merupakan nilai jual dan citra produk. Nilai jual ini meningkat ketika produk yang dihasilkan mendapat nilai tambah dari kemasan yang menarik. Sedangkan citra produk terkait dengan gambaran produk dalam benak konsumen akan semakin baik apabila produk itu dikemas secara baik, dengan kata lain produk dapat memberi kesan baik bagi konsumen. Pelatihan desain kemasan produk untuk pelaku UMKM di Kota Tangerang Selatan ini untuk memberikan wawasan desain dan bentuk kemasan baru yang membuat produk menjadi lebih bernilai dan aman. Metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode presentasi mengenai pengenalan bentuk dan desain packaging, Metode demonstrasi mengenai contoh kemasan produk yang baik disesuaikan dengan produk yang diproduksi oleh UMKM, dilanjutkan dengan diskusi untuk menganalisis beberapa kemasan produk pembanding. Metode evaluasi dengan mengamati hasil pelatihan yang didapat, yaitu peserta terlihat sangat antusias dan berdiskusi aktif untuk pengembangan kemasan produknya agar lebih bernilai jual. Kata Kunci : Pelatihan, design kemasan, UM
PEMBERDAYAAN PEMUDA KARANG TARUNA KELURAHAN SETU MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMELIHARAAN SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Ismojo Ismojo , Hartanto Singgih , Matsuani Matsuani , Tuapetel Jones Victor
Published: August 2020

Menurut Dinas Ketenagakerjaan Kota Tangerang Selatan( 2019) tercatat angka pengangguran mencapai 40 ribu. Dari jumlah tersebut, lulusan SMA/ SMK mendominasi angka pengangguran warga Kota Tangerang Selatan. Berbagai upaya mengatasi masalah tersebut telah dilakukan, diantaranya memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan ketrampilan pemuda lulusan SMA/ SMK. Kegiatan Abdimas ini bertujuan untuk melatih pemuda Karang Taruna di Kelurahan Setu, Kota Tangerang Selatan dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan ketrampilan dalam pemeliharaan/servis kendaraan sepeda motor. Kegiatan pelatihan dilaksanakan di Bengkel Otomotif, Prodi Teknik Mesin Otomotif, Institut Teknologi Indonesia selama 4 (empat) hari yang diukuti oleh 7 orang peserta. Materi yang diberikan meliputi teori dan praktek. Metode pelatihan menggunakan pendekatan pendidikan orang dewasa, peserta pelatihan belajar secara aktif, sedangkan pelatih/ instruktur lebih banyak berperan sebagai fasilitator. Hasil kegiatan selama 4 (empat) hari, peserta cukup menguasai pengetahuan dan praktek pemeliharaan kendaraan sepeda motor. Dari kegiatan pelatihan ini diharapkan peserta memiliki kepercayaan diri dan daya saing dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan atau membangun kewirausahaan bisnis bengkel yang masih memiliki peluang bisnis yang prospektif di wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan.
Expectations of Lumbar Surgery Outcomes among Opioid Users Compared with Non-Users
Authors: Reisener Marie-Jacqueline , Hughes Alexander P. , Schadler Paul , Forman Alexa , Sax Oliver C. , Shue Jennifer , Cammisa Frank P. , Sama Andrew A. , Girardi Federico P. , Mancuso Carol A.
Published: August 2020

Study Design

Matched cohort study.

Purpose

To compare and describe the effect of opioid usage on the expectations of lumbar surgery outcomes among patients taking opioids and patients not taking opioids.

Overview of Literature

Chronic opioid use is common among lumbar-spine surgery patients. The decision to undergo elective lumbar surgery is influenced by the expected surgery outcomes. However, the effects of opioids on patients’ expectations of lumbar surgery outcomes remain to be rigorously assessed.

Methods

A total of 77 opioid users grouped according to dose and duration (54 “higher users,” 30 “lower users”) were matched 2:1 to 154 non-opioid users based on age, sex, marital status, chiropractic care, disability, and diagnosis. All patients completed a validated 20-item Expectations Survey measuring expected improvement with regard to symptoms, function, psychological well-being, and anticipated future spine condition. “Greater expectations” was defined as a higher survey score (possible range, 0–100) based on the number of items expected and degree of improvement expected.

Results

The mean Expectations Survey scores for all opioid users and all non-users were similar (73 vs. 70, p=0.18). Scores were different, however, for lower users (79) compared with matched non-users (69, p=0.01) and compared with higher users (70, p=0.01). In multivariable analysis, “greater expectations” was independently associated with having had chiropractic care (p=0.03), being more disabled (p=0.002), and being a lower-dose opioid user (p=0.03). Compared with higher users, lower users were also more likely to expect not to need pain medications 2 years after surgery (47% vs. 83%, p=0.003).

Conclusions

Patient expectations of lumbar surgery are associated with diverse demographic and clinical variables. A lower dose and shorter duration of opioid use were associated with expecting more items and expecting more complete improvement compared with non-users. In addition, lower opioid users had greater overall expectations compared with higher users.
Investigation of the Dose-Enhancement Effects of Spherical and Rod-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles on the HeLa Cell Line
Authors: Amani Samad , Mehdizadeh Alireza , Movahedi Mohammad Mehdi , Keshavarz Marzieh , Koosha Fereshteh
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer cells are known as radioresistant cells. Current treatment methods have not improved the patients’ survival efficiently; thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. Gold nanomaterials with different shapes and sizes have been explored as radiosensitizers. The present study compared the radiosensitizing effects of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the HeLa cell line irradiated with megavoltage X-rays. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of AuNRs and AuNPs on HeLa cells in the presence and absence of 6-MV X-ray was investigated using the MTT assay. For this aim, HeLa cells were incubated with and AuNPs and AuNRs at various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 µg/mL) for 6 hours. Afterward, HeLa cells were irradiated with 6-MV X-ray at a single dose of 2 Gy. Results: The results showed that the addition of AuNRs and AuNPs could enhance the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells. Both AuNRs and AuNPs showed low toxicity on HeLa cells, while AuNRs were more toxic than AuNPs at the examined concentrations. Moreover, it was found that AuNRs could enhance the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells more than spherical-shaped AuNPs. Conclusion: This study revealed that the shape of nanoparticles is an effective factor when they are used as radiosensitizing agents during radiotherapy. [GMJ.2020;9:e1581]
Evaluation of Impacts of Cellular Metabolism on the Migration of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Two in Vitro Assays: A Method Comparison Study
Authors: Ghahremani Hossein , Sirati-Sabet Majid , Salami Siamak
Published: August 2020

Background: Alteration of metabolic pathways in cancer cells can intensely modulate their migration as an important step in invasion and metastasis. Ketogenic diet showed some contradictory results in cancer patients. In this study the impact of metabolic reprogramming of A2780CP as a model of ovarian cancer stem-like cells on cell migration by two in vitro methods: wound healing and soft agar colony-forming assays. Materials and Methods: short term and long term metabolic reprogramming were done by restriction of glucose to 250mg/L with or without enrichment with beta-hydroxybutyrate (5 milimolar) for 48 hours and 30 days, respectively. Wound healing assay was done and the wound ratio was calculated for 24 and 48 hours. Soft agar colony formation assay was also done in treated and control cells. For method comparison, ten biological replicates were analyzed in triplicate. Results: Migration of A2780CP ovarian cancer stem-like cells were significantly alleviated by long term glucose restriction but no significant changes were observed in short term study. Beta-hydroxybutyrate enrichment did not produce significant impacts on glucose restriction in short or long term studies. Conclusion: The results of colony formation in soft agar and wound or scratch healing assay were in good correlation and convergence which could be used interchangeably in the investigation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. [GMJ.2020;9:e1831]