bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendidikan Anak Pada Masyarakat Muslim Transmigran di Desa Huwongo Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Potiua Sulfa
Published: July 2021

Children's Education in Transmigrant Muslim Communities in Huwongo Paguyaman Village, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo. This paper aims to find out more about formal and non-formal education in the children of Muslim transmigrants in the village of Huwongo Paguyaman, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo.In general, various forms of implementation of education have been seen in the Transmigrant community in Huwongo Village. This can be proven by not having a child from this Transmigrant community who has not received an education. This is due to the encouragement and willingness of the parents themselves because for them, whatever the circumstances, children are still obliged to study, especially in formal schools, this is also evidenced by the achievements of the children of the Transmigrant community in Huwongo village very well, this can be seen from the achievements in every the delivery of report cards in each semester at school is always the superior student achievement is the children of the Transmigrant community of Huwongo village compared to the children of the local community, this is due to the encouragement and motivation of their parents - each of the Transmigrants of Huwongo village.As an obstacle to formal education because there is no formal school specifically for the transmigrant community but it does not spark the intention of parents to send their children to school, even junior high and high school are very far from where they live but it is not a barrier to continue their children in school formal.The problem of children's non-formal education in the Muslim community of Transmigrants in Huwongo Village is not directly proportional to the progress of their formal education. This evidenced by the author's observations and the results of interviews with the community as well as the acknowledgment of the management that there are many obstacles regarding this non-formal education, which is caused by the lack of encouragement from the community. parents and also lack of awareness of the children themselves
Influence of Different Priming Materials on Germination and Alpha-Amylase Enzyme of Hybrids Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. x Sorghum sudanense Staph.) Seeds
Authors: EBRAHIM POUR MOKHTARI Negar , KIZILGEÇİ Ferhat
Published: July 2021

Germination is considered a critical step in the development cycle of the plant. But no information is available regarding seed priming with Putrescine, Jasmonic acid, Kinetin, Potassium Nitrate (KNO3), Salicylic acid at a time in the aged and non-aged seeds of sorghum cultivars. However, to know the effect of seed priming with the aforesaid chemicals in the aged and non-aged seeds of sorghum cultivars on the germination rate, germination vigour and alpha-amylase activity, research was conducted under laboratory condition, at Field Crops Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey. Aged and unaged seeds of Sugar Grazer II and Digestivo hybrid silage sorghum cultivars were used as the seed material of the experiment. Putrescine, Jasmonic acid, Kinetin, KNO3 and Salicylic acid were used as priming chemicals. The results revealed that aged and un-aged seeds of the cultivars showed different responses to similar chemical and KNO3 application to un-aged seeds had a positive effect on germination rate and alpha-amylase, Whereas Jasmonic acid and Putrescine applications had a positive effect on the aged seeds. Priming with putrescine, KNO3 and jasmonic acid showed the best results in the experiment.
Features of solubility and cytocompatibility in vitro of bone cements based on calcium sulfate containing phosphate ions
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Khairutdinova D.R. , Goldberg M.A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Krokhicheva P.A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Antonova O.S. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyutkova Yu.B. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov S.V. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeeva N.S. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sviridova I.K. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kirsanova V.A. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Akhmedova S.A. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barinov S.M. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences, Komlev V.S. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science A.A. Baykova Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

Cement materials have based on calcium sulfate were obtained, which have introduced up to 20 mol. % of phosphate groups to improve their cytocompatibility and solubility. It was found that during exposure of cement materials based on calcium sulfate, containing of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mol. % phosphate - groups, in model solutions SBF (Kokubo solution, simulating the composition of human blood plasma) and DPBS (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline) in dynamics up to 28 days of were formation of a calcium-phosphate layer on the surface of the samples. At the same time, in SBF solution, the process of recrystallization of sulfate and phosphate phases occurs more pronounced than in DPBS solution. In vitro studies on the cell culture of the human osteosarcoma line MG-63, cement samples showed cytocompatibility with the presence of moderate surface matrix properties
Akar Wangi Institute dengan Pendekatan Permakultur sebagai Dasar Perancangan
Authors: Sujarwo Wisnu , Yetti Aprodita Emma
Published: July 2021

Semin merupakan salah satu Kecamatan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang memilikki potensi dengan banyak produk unggulan, diantaranya adalah kerajinan bambu dan akar wangi. Dengan meningkatnya permintaan akan produk tersebut, hal tersebut menimbulkan dampak baik positif maupun negatif. Dampak positifnya adalah meningkatnya lapangan kerja dan kreatifitas masyarakat, sedangkan dampak negatifnya adalah timbulnya masalah lingkungan berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumber daya alam yang tidak diiringi dengan pengetahuan dan kesadaran mengenai kelestarian alam. Selain potensi, Semin juga memilikki isu-isu yang memerlukan penyelesaian seperti sulitnya air di daerah-daerah tertentu, dan juga kurangnya fasilitas umum pendidikan ataupun pusat edukasi. Tantangan desain dalam perancangan ini adalah mewadahi dan meningkatkan potensi Daerah terpilih yang memiliki isu-isu atau permasalahan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan potensi itu sendiri. Perancangan Akar Wangi Institutee dengan pendekatan permakultur diharapkan dapat mewadahi dan meningkatkan potensi, serta mengatasi permasalahan pada Daerah terpilih.
Perancangan Kafe Terapung di Desa Lendang Are
Authors: Mahendra Erdinsyah , Chairiyah Riri
Published: July 2021

Bangunan terapung menjadi hobi yang cukup banyak diminati untuk mampu mengeksplor lebih jauh potensi tapak yang berupa perairan, terutama sebagai destinasi wisata. Bendungan Lendang Are memiliki cukup banyak potensi untuk menjadi destinasi wisata air dan mampu menunjang perekonomian warga di sekitarnya. Salah satu fasilitas yang harus ada pada sebuah destinasi wisata air adalah rumah makan, restoran, warung, kafe atau sejenisnya yang melayani kebutuhan konsumsi pengunjung. Dalam prosesnya, perancangan dan eksplorasi desain, terdapat beberapa tahapan seperti perumusan gagasan, pengumpulan informasi, analisis dan sintesis, perancangan, dan evaluasi yang menghasilkan sebuah hasil rancangan berupa kafe terapung. Perancangan kafe terapung harus memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan dengan menghindari reklamasi, maka kehidupan satwa air di bendungan dan sekitarnya tidak terganggu. Bentuk dan ruang pada bangunan didesain dengan mempertimbangkan keseimbangan beban terhadap plat atau struktur apung. Struktur apung harus memenuhi standar untuk menahan beban bangunan dan penggunanya. Sistem tambat digunakan untuk menjaga posisi bangunan dan menyesuaikan bangunan dengan ketinggian air yang suatu waktu dapat berubah.
AKAD DALAM TRNSAKASI EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Asrari
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang akad dalam trnsakasi ekonomi Syariah
Konsep Pasar Modal Syariah
Authors: rajab nabila
Published: July 2021

Penjelasan tentang konsep konsep pasar modal syariah di dalam ekonomi syariah
Perdagangan Yang Adil Dalam Islam
Authors: Azizah Fithri
Published: July 2021

Perdagangan merupakan sesuatu hal yang tidak asing lagi bagi warga negara manapun terutama Indonesia. Sebab perdagangan merupakan jalur yang digunakan untuk menyebarkan agama Islam di Indonesia
Implementasi Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Menuju Indonesia Berdikari
Authors: Lestari Ardila Ayu
Published: July 2021

Studi ini mengkaji tentang pengimplementasian hukum ketenagakerjaan menuju Indonesia berdikari. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk memberdayakan dan mendayagunakan tenaga kerja secara optimal serta untuk mewujudkan pemerataan kesempatan kerja dan penyediaan tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembangunan nasional dan daerah. Kajian tentang pengimplementasian ini diharapkan akan menjadi jalan bagi masyarakat untuk menuju indonesia yang berdikari.
PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PASAR MODAL SYARIAH DALAM BERINVESTASI
Authors: Ramadani Ainun
Published: July 2021

Kehidupan ekonomi Islam termasuk investasi tidak dapat dipisahkan dari prinsip-prinsip syariah. Di pasar modal syariah, aktivitas mencari kekayaan selalu dibarengi dengan cara-cara mengingat Allah SWT. salah satunya yaitu investasi. Investasi sangat dibutuhkan seseorang untuk menambah sumber pendapatannya agar bisa menutupi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari yang sangat mendesak, selain itu alasan seseorang berinvestasi adalah untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya. Seseorang yang akan berinvestasi harus memperhatikan syarat dan ketentuan baik yang diperbolehkan maupun yang dilarang untuk berinvestasi dalam membuatnya berguna baginya untuk dunia dan akhirat, sebagaimana termaktub dalam al-Quran, hadits, ijma dan qiyas.
Konsep Kepemilikan Dalam Islam
Authors: Israeni
Published: July 2021

I crеatеd this articlе to discuss and еxaminе thе concеpt of ownеrship in Islamic еconomics
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENGAWASI MEKANISME PASAR PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Rasti Ardina
Published: July 2021

konsep Islam dalam hal hubungan pemerintah dan mekanisme pasar
Hukum Perseroan Syariah (Syirkah)_Siti Nurfadhilah063
Authors: Nurfadhilah Siti
Published: July 2021

Penjelasan tentang hukum perseroan syariah (syirkah) dalam ekonomi islam
Perbandingan Sistemtem Ekonomi Islam dengan Sistem Ekonomi Kapitalis dan Sosialis
Authors: Anisa Nur
Published: July 2021

Sistem ekonomi kapitalis adalah merupakan sebuah sistem organisasi ekonomi yang dicirikan oleh hak milik privat atas alat-alat produksi dan distribusi dan pemanfaatannya untuk mencapai laba dalam kondisi yang sangat komfetitif
ANALISIS HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN LAHAN KEPUTUSAN PERTANIAN PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: YUNIARTI ERVIE
Published: July 2021

Dasar dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa lahan pertanian yangg dapat dimakanmemiliki fungsi sosial, ekonomi dan keagamaan yang strategis bagi petani ndonesia, namunkarena kebutuhan akan lahan baru dan ketersediaan lahan yang terbatas. Lahanmembutuhkan lahan untuk pertumbuhan penduduk dan tidak dapat dikonversi. Hal itu akanmengancam ketahananpangan, kemandirian dan kedaulatan petani dan masyarakat. Olehkarena itu, kebijakan negara tentang perlindungan berkelanjutan atas lahan pertanian lebihjauh mengeksplorasi kebutuhan untuk melindungi secara hukum lahan pertanian yang adadi lahan pertanian permanen. Penelitian normatif (penelitianhukum) dengan pendekatankonseptual (conceptualapproach) dan pendekatan regulasi (legalapproach), hasil penelitianmenunjukkan : 1) Pertumbuhan penduduk merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinyaperubahan penggunaan lahan. Dan persaingan dari pegunungan tanpa keberlanjutan ;pertumbuhan lahan pertanian untuk pangan ; 2) Perlindungan lahan pertanian untuk panganberkelanjutan berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor41 Tahun 2009 tentangPerlindungan lahan Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Kebijakan hukum dan aturan pelaksanaannyaharus memenuhi kewajiban pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah untuk berbenah.Kesejahteraan rakyatnya melalui perlindungan lahan pertanian untuk pangan berkelanjutan,termasuk pengembangan insentif dan disinsentif dalam bentuk perangkat pelatihan 3)Pemerintah daerah tentang perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan lestari menetapkankebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan lestari dalam peraturan daerah tentangrencana tataguna lahan daerah, kemudiandituangkandalam peraturan daerah tentangperlindungan lahan pertanian panganl estari..menjadi. Lahan dapat dihindari dan lahanpertanian dapat di ubah menjadi lahan pertanian permanen untuk pendidikan hukum,kebijakan pemerintah daerah.
investasi dalam perspektif islam
Authors: nurfitri
Published: July 2021

investasi dalam perspektif islam. pandangan islam terhadap investasi. pentingnya berinvestasi
Perspektif Islam Dalam Hukum Industri Di Indonesia
Authors: Asniar
Published: July 2021

In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2014 concerning industri "Industry is all forms of economic activity that processes raw materials and/or utilizes industrial resources so as to produce goods that have added value or higher benefits, including industrial services". Industry is a branch of the economy whose rate of productivity development is faster than the development of the overall productivity level of the economic branch. So its role in creating production and creating jobs is certainly bigger than all branches of the economy. Humans are legal subjects as well as unique and prospective economic actors, with the development of all needs from all industrial sectors as Muslims are required to be within the framework of sharia rules, namely halal and ethical frameworks, namely thayib. So Islam is here to help develop the halal industri, especially in Indonesia so that it becomes a high economic value and is also profitable because it is based on sharia.
HUKUM PERSEORAN TERBATAS DALAM ISLAM
Authors: octavianita
Published: July 2021

Perseroan terbatas (disingkat PT) merupakan badan usaha yang meliputi sebagian besar bentuk perusahaan di Indonesia dan dunia. Tentu di tiap-tiap negara nama bentuk perusahaan ini berbeda-beda sesuai dengan bahasa dan peraturan masing-masing negara.Perseroan terbatas ada yang bersifat tertutup dan bersifat terbuka. Perseroan terbatas terbuka merupakan perseroan yang telah melemparkan sahamnya ke publik melalui bursa efek.Dewasa ini pemilikan badan usaha berbentuk perseroan terbatas memusat pada beberapa kelompok usaha (konglomerat) ataupun berada dalam gengaman pengusaha asing. Bahkan beberapa badan usaha milik negara yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak dan memberikan pemasukan yang besar kepada negara dilepaskan oleh pemerintah kepada asing. Secara informal perseroan-perseroan Islam tersebut dapat dipraktekkan, akan tetapi perseroan-perseroan Islam akan berhadapan dengan berbagai undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan badan hukum dan masalah perijinan usaha. Karena itu kita perlu mendesak pemerintah untuk mengayomi perseroan-perseroan Islam, agar masyarakat yang ingin melakukan suatu usaha/ bisnis dengan format perseroan Islam mendapatkan ijin usaha dan kemudahan dalam hal-hal lainnya.
Kasus Penelitian_Faisal
Authors: Faisal
Published: July 2021

Kewarganegaraan seseorang menjadi salah satu hal yang penting karena berkaitan dengan Hak politik dan hak pilih dalam pemerintahan. Secara yuridis kewarganegaraan merupakan Suatu ikatan hukum (de rechtband) antara negara dengan orang-orang pribadi (natuurlijke Personen) yang dapat menimbulkan akibat bahwa orang-orang tersebut jatuh di bawah Lingkungan kuasa pribadi dari negara yang bersangkutan atau warga dari negara tersebut.
Ruang Lingkup Pasar Modal (HUKUM PERMODALAN DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM)
Authors: Nur Yahya
Published: July 2021

Memahami ruang lingkup dalam pasar modal
Pengembangan Hukum Industri Halal di Indonesia
Authors: Nurrahma Ayuni
Published: July 2021

Penjelasan tentang pengembangan Hukum Industri Halal di Indonesia dalam Ekonomi Syariah
Which anxious adolescents were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Morales Santiago , Zeytinoglu Selin , Lorenzo Nicole , Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , Degnan Kathryn A. , Almas Alisa N. , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan
Published: July 2021

Although the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant stress and anxiety among many, individuals’ experiences varied. We examined if specific forms of anxiety predicted distinct trajectories of anxiety, perceived stress, and COVID-related worries during three early months of the pandemic. In a longitudinal study (N = 291), adolescents’ (n = 194) social and generalized anxiety levels were assessed via parent- and self-reports and clinical diagnostic interviews. In young adulthood (n = 164), anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries were assessed thrice during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic generalized anxiety predicted higher initial levels and maintenance of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries during the pandemic. In contrast, pre-pandemic social anxiety predicted lower initial levels of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries, but this initial effect on anxiety and stress was offset over time by social anxiety’s positive effect on the slope. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how pre-pandemic factors influence individuals’ experiences during the pandemic.
Does Analytic Thinking Insulate Against Pro-Kremlin Disinformation? Evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Erlich Aaron , Garner Calvin , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David Gertler
Published: July 2021

Pro-Kremlin disinformation campaigns have long targeted Ukraine. We investigate susceptibility to this pro-Kremlin disinformation from a cognitive science perspective. Is greater analytic thinking associated with less belief in disinformation, as per classical theories of reasoning? Or does analytic thinking amplify motivated system 2 reasoning (or “cultural cognition”), such that analytic thinking is associated with more polarized beliefs (and thus more belief in pro-Kremlin disinformation among pro-Russia Ukrainians)? In online (N=1,974) and face-to-face representative (N=9,474) samples of Ukrainians, we find support for the classical reasoning account. Analytic thinking, as measured using the Cognitive Reflection Test, was associated with greater ability to discern truth from disinformation – even for Ukrainians who are strongly oriented towards Russia. We find similar, albeit weaker, results when operationalizing analytic thinking using the self-report Active Open-minded Thinking scale. These results demonstrate a similar pattern to prior work using American participants. Thus, the positive association between analytic thinking and the ability to discern truth versus falsehood generalizes to the qualitatively different information environment of post-communist Ukraine. Despite low trust in government and media, weak journalistic standards, and years of exposure to Russian disinformation, Ukrainians who engage in more analytic thinking are better able to tell truth from falsehood.
D'Aversa et al., (2021). Categorization of Chinese words_preprint
Authors: D'Aversa Francesco Mayo , Lugli Luisa , Borghi Anna M. , Barca Laura
Published: July 2021

This study extends the examination of the difference between abstract concepts to the Chinese language and its peculiar characteristics in word formation, where components with different semantic content might be aggregated within a word. Chinese students categorized abstract and concrete words by moving the computer mouse towards the selected choice. Stimuli with a ‘semantically simple structure’ (i.e., abstract-abstract/concrete-concrete) were compared with those with a ‘mixed structure’ (i.e., abstract-concrete/concrete-abstract) to test for an effect of the conceptual content of the stimulus’s components on its overall processing. Response time and kinematic parameters revealed that: a) the semantic content of the components affected the processing of abstract but not concrete concepts, b) concepts differed when they have a semantically mixed structure, not a simple one. We extend the concreteness effect also to logographic script and provide evidence that the presence of concrete component within an abstract concept is elaborated and affects its processing.
Common cause vs dynamic mutualism: an empirical comparison of two theories of psychopathology in two large longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Aristodemou Michael , Kievit Rogier , Murray Aja Louise , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis , Fried Eiko I
Published: July 2021

Mental disorders are highly prevalent, and among the leading causes of global disease burden. To respond in a timely and effective manner, a strong understanding of the structure of psychopathology and its development is critical. We compared the ability of two competing frameworks, the dynamic mutualism theory and the common cause theory, to explain the development of individual differences in psychopathology. We formalized these theories into statistical models, and applied them to two domains of psychopathology, at two different developmental periods, using two large developmental cohorts: the p factor (i.e. general psychopathology) from early to late adolescence (N = 1,482), and major depressive disorder in middle adulthood and old age (N = 6,443). The development of the p factor was better explained by a mutualistic account. In contrast, the evidence for the development of major depression was more ambiguous. Our results support a multicausal approach to understanding psychopathology and showcase the value of translating theories into testable statistical models for understanding developmental processes in clinical sciences.
How Strong is the Association Between Social Media Use and False Consensus?
Authors: Bunker Cameron James , Varnum Michael E. W.
Published: July 2021

In series of studies, we sought to assess the extent to which social media use was related to the false consensus effect. Study 1 (N = 493) and Study 2 (N = 364, preregistered) assessed the relationship between social media use and the false consensus effect for three psychological characteristics: political attitudes, personality traits, and fundamental social motives. Study 3 (N = 875) explored lay beliefs about the strength of the relationships between social media use and false consensus effects. Across studies, we found that heavier use of social media was associated with stronger false consensus effects. However, these effects were smaller in magnitude than lay beliefs about these linkages.
A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis
Authors: Dagan Or , Groh Ashley , Madigan Sheri , Bernard Kristin
Published: July 2021

Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure-avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure-dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.
The pattern of force produced during approach-avoidance movements is independent of emotional valence
Authors: Dam Greg , Catron Zach , Clouse Cassidy Segura
Published: July 2021

Movements that include pushing away and pulling towards oneself are important avoidance and approach behaviors, respectively. Previous research has demonstrated that reaction times are more rapid when approach-like movements are undertaken in response to pleasant emotional stimuli and when avoidant movements are carried out in response to unpleasant emotional stimuli. However, few studies have directly investigated the forces applied during self-referenced approach or avoidance movements. Here we measured the sustained forces of pushing and pulling in response to emotional images. The images presented varied in ratings of emotional arousal (i.e., relaxing versus exciting) and valence (positive valence, or pleasant, versus negative valence, or unpleasant). Our results replicate previous findings that documented force produced in response to unpleasant images. Our findings also revealed that, in contrast to their impact on reaction times, the effects of emotional stimuli on the sustained forces associated with approach and avoidance responses are independent of the direction of movement.
The beauty of language structure: a single-case fMRI study of palindrome creation
Authors: Leon-Cabrera Patricia , Guillamon Antoni , Vega David Cucurell , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni
Published: July 2021

Humans seem to be inherently driven to engage in wordplay. An example is the creation of palindromes – sentences or paragraphs that read the same backward and forward. This activity can be framed as a curiosity-driven behaviour, in which individuals sacrifice finite resources, like their time, to seek information that serves no direct purpose and without receiving external rewards. In this single-case fMRI study, an experienced palindrome creator was scanned while he generated palindromes with different levels of difficulty. Palindrome creation was alternated with resting periods and with the performance of a working memory task, which served as control conditions. Relative to resting, palindrome creation recruited frontal domain-specific language networks and fronto-parietal domain-general networks. The comparison with the WM task evidenced a partial overlap with the multiple-demand cortex, which participates in solving a variety of cognitively challenging tasks that require attention and cognitive control. Further, the implication of the inferior temporal gyrus (BA 37), extending ventrally to occipito-temporal regions, suggested the use of visual imagery and word form visualization. Intriguingly, greater difficulty during palindrome creation differentially activated the right frontopolar cortex (BA 10), a region that was also linked to palindrome resolution. The latter is consistent with exploratory behaviour to seek out information –in this case, with the exploration of new but interdependent linguistic segments within a complex internal model (i.e., a palindromic structure)–, and bear resemblance with brain substrates sustaining hard logical reasoning, altogether pointing to a commonplace for curiosity in discovering new and complex relations.
When to adjust alpha during multiple testing: A consideration of disjunction, conjunction, and individual testing.
Authors: Rubin Mark
Published: July 2021

Scientists often adjust their significance threshold (alpha level) during null hypothesis significance testing in order to take into account multiple testing and multiple comparisons. This alpha adjustment has become particularly relevant in the context of the replication crisis in science. The present article considers the conditions in which this alpha adjustment is appropriate and the conditions in which it is inappropriate. A distinction is drawn between three types of multiple testing: disjunction testing, conjunction testing, and individual testing. It is argued that alpha adjustment is only appropriate in the case of disjunction testing, in which at least one test result must be significant in order to reject the associated joint null hypothesis. Alpha adjustment is inappropriate in the case of conjunction testing, in which all relevant results must be significant in order to reject the joint null hypothesis. Alpha adjustment is also inappropriate in the case of individual testing, in which each individual result must be significant in order to reject each associated individual null hypothesis. The conditions under which each of these three types of multiple testing is warranted are examined. It is concluded that researchers should not automatically (mindlessly) assume that alpha adjustment is necessary during multiple testing. Illustrations are provided in relation to joint studywise hypotheses and joint multiway ANOVAwise hypotheses.
A cognitive model of economics
Authors: Friesen Lorin
Published: July 2021

Economics is typically regarded as a collection of partially related theories. However, if economics is analyzed from a cognitive perspective, then it becomes evident that these theories form a cognitively natural, coherent package. The theory of mental symmetry is a cognitive model based in seven interacting cognitive modules. This theory is used to analyze most of the fundamental concepts of micro- and macroeconomics, as well as behavioral economics and neuroeconomics. Economics can be explained primarily as a focus upon the interaction between the cognitive module that provides motivation and the cognitive module that emphasizes choice. Economics recognizes the existence of other cognitive modules but regards them as outside of the realm of economics. A fuller cognitive picture can be gained by including the activity of these other cognitive modules. Going further, a cognitive basis for the institutions of macroeconomics can be found by viewing these institutions from the perspective of abstract technical thought.
First-person experience cannot rescue causal structure theories from the unfolding argument
Authors: Herzog Michael H. , Schurger Aaron , Doerig Adrien
Published: July 2021

We recently put forward an argument, the Unfolding Argument (UA), that integrated information theory (IIT) and other causal structure theories are either already falsified or unfalsifiable, which provoked significant criticism. It seems that we and the critics agree that the main question in this debate is whether first-person experience, independent of third-person data, is a sufficient foundation for theories of consciousness. Here we argue that pure first-person experience cannot be a scientific foundation for IIT because science relies on taking measurements, and pure first-person experience is not measurable except through reports, brain activity, and the relationship between them. We also argue that pure first-person experience cannot be taken as ground truth because science is about backing up theories with data, not about asserting that we have ground truth independent of data. Lastly, we explain why no experiment based on third-person data can test IIT as a theory of consciousness. IIT may be a good theory of something, but not of consciousness. We conclude by exposing a deeper reason for the above conclusions: IIT’s consciousness is by construction fully dissociated from any measurable thing and, for this reason, IIT implies that both the level and content of consciousness are epiphenomenal, with no causal power. IIT and other causal structure theories end up in a form of dissociative epiphenomenalism, in which we cannot even trust reports about first-person experiences. But reports about first-person experiences are taken as ground truth and the foundation for IIT’s axioms. Therefore, accepting IIT leads to rejecting its own axioms. We also respond to several other criticisms against the UA.
The moral consequences of teleological beliefs about the human species
Authors: Lewry Casey , Kelemen Deborah , Lombrozo Tania
Published: July 2021

Adults in prior work often endorse explanations appealing to purposes (e.g., “pencils exist so people can write with them”), even when these ‘teleological’ explanations are scientifically unwarranted (e.g., “water exists so life can survive on Earth”). We explore teleological endorsement in a novel domain—human purpose—and its relationship to moral judgments. Across studies conducted online with a sample of US-recruited adults, we ask: (1) Do participants believe the human species exists for a purpose? (2) Do these beliefs predict moral condemnation of individuals who fail to fulfill this purpose? And (3) what explains the link between teleological beliefs and moral condemnation? Study 1 found that participants frequently endorsed teleological claims about humans existence (e.g., humans exist to procreate), and these beliefs correlated with moral condemnation of purpose violations (e.g., condemning those who do not procreate). Study 2 found evidence of a bi-directional causal relationship: stipulating a species’ purpose results in moral condemnation of purpose violations, and stipulating that an action is immoral increases endorsement that the species exists for that purpose. Study 3 found evidence that when participants believe a species exists to perform some action, they infer this action is good for the species, and this in turn supports moral condemnation of individuals who choose not to perform the action. Study 4 found evidence that believing an action is good for the species partially mediates the relationship between human purpose beliefs and moral condemnation. These findings shed light on how our descriptive understanding can shape our prescriptive judgments.
TEKNIK PENGAWASAN PADA EFEKTIVITAS PENCAPAIAN TARGET PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN
Authors: BADRIATIN TINE , RINANDIYANA R. LUCKY RADI
Published: July 2021

Dalam buku ini membahas tentang pengaruh teknik pengawasan terhadap efektivitas pencapaian target pajak bumi dan bangunan di Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya. Berdasarkan hasil penjajagan diketahui bahwa belum tercapainya efektivitas pencapaian target Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya diduga oleh lemahnya pelaksanaan teknik pengawasan langsung dan teknik pengawasan tidak langsung. Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB) merupakan salah satu sumber yang sangat potensial bagi pembiayaan pembangunan dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan penerimaan dari sektor pajak tersebut diantaranya dengan memberikan biaya pemungutan PBB kepada pejabat di lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Tasikmalaya.
Implementation of The Local Budget Social Assistance Policy for Disability In Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Amilia Lisa , Tuti Retnowati WD
Published: July 2021

Social assistance is one of the poverty reduction programs carried out by the South Tangerang City Government. Poverty is defined as a condition of the inability of income to meet basic needs so that it is not able to guarantee survival. South Tangerang City has received the spill over effect of various economic impacts. Persons with disabilities have a low level of welfare. The low welfare is partly because they have limited physical functions and often have negative emotional experiences due to their physical limitations. Limited physical functions make it difficult for persons with disabilities to access work because they are considered less productive. This has a negative impact on persons with disabilities such as losing their role, independence, status, and financial stability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of regional budget social assistance policies for disabilities in South Tangerang. And to find out the supporting factors and inhibiting factors. This research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. qualitative approach, using the Theory of Policy Implementation according to Edward III. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Regional Budget Social Assistance Policy for Disabilities in South Tangerang has not been going well, it is based on poor communication from the implementor to the community, in terms of both human and financial resources are still lacking. Likewise, the supporting facilities in implementing social assistance for disabilities. And most importantly.
Critical Analysis of Indonesia's Global Maritime Fulcrum under Joko Widodo: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Pikoli Alfiyan Nooryan Putra
Published: July 2021

The vision of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) for Indonesia not only raises national awareness but also gets international attention. Jokowi in the first term of his administration echoed this vision as the identity of his foreign policy. However, in its implementation, there are various shortcomings. As a result, the vision did not work out well. Especially during his second election as president of Indonesia, Jokowi no longer mentioned GMF as a priority policy. This paper aims to analyze the causes of the failure to implement the GMF vision in Jokowi's first term as president. Several previous studies on GMF were divided into 3 major studies, namely security studies, international cooperation, then regional and geopolitical studies. Most of these studies discuss GMF Indonesia's vision only in the international scope, such as cooperation formed with other countries, its influence on the region, geopolitical implications, and also on the perspective of threats and security. There is no research that specifically addresses the problems and challenges of the GMF. By the governmental and leadership approach in policy studies, this paper identifies the factors that have resulted in the GMF vision's lack of implementation. This article argues that uncoordinated governance, overlapping institutions, and Jokowi's lack of leadership are the main determinants of the success or failure of the GMF vision. The limitations of this study allow for further analysis of the economic perspective of GMF in subsequent studies.
Performance and Factors Inhibiting Research and Scientific Publication of Universitas Terbuka Indonesia Lecturers
Authors: Yulianto Tri , Juwono Vishnu
Published: July 2021

Efforts to improve the performance of research and scientific publications in Indonesian universities are still a challenge. Various problems often become an inhibiting factor for lecturers' research performance. This study analyzes how the performance and factors were inhibiting the performance of research and scientific publications at the Universitas Terbuka, which is the only Open and Distance Learning Higher Education institution (PTTJJ) in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that although the number of research and journal publications increased during 2017-2019, the performance of research and scientific publications of Universitas Terbuka lecturers has not been optimal. Of the five factors are considered as obstacles, three of which are factors that are generally also found in other universities, namely the lack of competence and motivation of lecturers in researching, lack of research/laboratory support facilities, and the research culture among lecturers has not yet developed well. Meanwhile, two other factors were different findings, namely the issue of lecturer recruitment and development policies in the early days of the establishment of the Universitas Terbuka, which was not in line with the needs of the study program, and the problem of characteristics and workload of PTTJJ lecturers which are different from conventional university lecturers. Universitas Terbuka lecturers are not only obliged to carry out the tri dharma functions of higher education but they are also burdened with tasks related to the management of PTTJJ or quite a lot of academic administrative work.
Effect of Notice of Tax Warning, Notice of Tax Collection, and Tax Education Programs on Tax Compliance in West Sumatera and Jambi
Authors: Budiman Indra , Inayati Inayati
Published: July 2021

This research examines the two components of the Slippery Slope framework, power, and trust, in influencing formal tax compliance in the West Sumatera and Jambi region. The supervision factors: Notice of Tax Warning and Notice of Tax Collection are used as a proxy of power, and public education program is used as a proxy of trust in the authority. Secondary data collected through documentation study is presented in panel data and then analyzed using panel data regression analysis. As this study uses a mixed quantitative and qualitative method, we conducted in-depth interviews with key informants to get a more robust analysis. This study shows that together and partially, these three factors have a positive and significant effect on formal tax compliance. Notice of Tax Warning and Notice of Tax Collection effectively deliver law enforcement's message as a coercive power through supervision efforts. At the same time, tax education programs are practical to encourage awareness and trust in the authority that ultimately improves tax compliance. This study recommends some improvements in administrative issues and strategies to reach more taxpayers, perform more fair treatment, and enhance compliance.
MINERAL WATERS OF THE AVACHINSKY DEPRESSION, KAMCHATKA
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics, UNAM, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico, Taran Yu.A. , Ryabinin G.V. ,   Kamchatkan Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Pokrovski B.G. ,   Geological Institute RAS, Nazhalova I.N. ,   Zarechny Company Lmd. Razdolny, Kamchatsky Kray, Malik N.A. ,   Institute of Volcanology and Seismology RAS
Published: July 2021

Saline waters (up to 22 g/l) were tapped by deep (to 3000 m) wells at the foot of active volcanoes Avachinsky and Koryaksky, within Avachinsky depression. Temperature of waters was ~ 60°C in the western part and cold in the eastern part, closer to the Pacific coast. In this paper we present the literature and our own data on chemical and isotopic composition of these waters. The waters are of the Na-Cl type with extremely low abundances of sulfate and magnesium, high concentration of calcium and surprisingly high concentration of strontium. The waters contain about 50 ml/l of gas where methane and nitrogen are main components (~ 70 vol% and 30 vol%, respectively) and also presents H2S (~ 30 ml/l) and very low concentrations of CO2 (< 0.5 vol%). The N2/Ar ratio, as a rule, is higher than the air ratio, i.e., the non-atmospheric nitrogen presents. We discuss the possible options of the water-rock interaction, responsible for the chemical composition of waters, and offer a conceptual model of the proposed basin of mineral waters that includes the distribution of deep temperatures, the location of the possible sources of heat mineralized solutions.
BEHAVIOR OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN THE SOIL AND VEGETABLE COVER OF URBAN LANDSCAPES IN SOCHI
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia, Zakharikhina L.V. , Sharafan M.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State University»
Published: July 2021

The geochemical regional specialization of the behavior of rare earth elements (REE) in the soils of Sochi, manifested in the predominance of REE of the middle group, has been established. The enrichment by the middle group of REE is inherited from the rocks (mainly clayey mudstones) of the territory. At the same time, the features of the distribution of REE, characteristic of natural soils, are not violated for soils formed under the conditions of technogenesis. This indicates that the pollution of urban soils is determined by a natural and technogenic factor. The sources of pollution are man-made sites and talus, which lack a soil-vegetation layer, including those recently formed during the preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games and composed of the same material as the parent rocks, but significantly crushed and, accordingly, subject to active weathering. In mosses of the urban zone, in the eluvial landscape, the predominance of the middle group of REE is not observed. However, as we move down the slope, the REE distribution curve relative to the North American shale standardization becomes similar to the similar graph for soils and rocks. The relationship between the accumulation of elements in mosses, and in soils and underlying rocks is revealed when considering the features of fractionation of REE in mosses of the super-aquatic landscape.
Sosialisasi dan Penyuluhan Rumah Sehat untuk Kelompok PKK RW 01-21 dan Tim Penggerak PKK Kelurahan Pancoran Mas Kota Depok - Jawa Barat
Authors: Natalisa Adityarini , Rahmadani Ina Indah , Sapardi Wahyu Heny K. , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: July 2021

Perumahan yang sehat adalah hunian yang mendukung keadaan sejahtera fisik, mental, dan sosial yang utuh. Perumahan yang sehat memberikan perasaan seperti di rumah sendiri, termasuk rasa memiliki, keamanan dan privasiProgram penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi dan melibatkan masyarakat dengan cara berbagi pengetahuan tentang prinsip-prinsip bangunan rumah sehat. Peserta program ini adalah ibu-ibu yang tergabung dalam kelompok PKK baik koordinator dan kader PKK. Perempuan dalam hal ini dapat memainkan peran yang sangat penting sebagai agen perubahan. Ada tiga tahapan metode dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu ceramah, Tanya jawab dan pembagian form penilaian mandiri.  Sebagian besar peserta mengikuti kegiatan secara antusias. Mereka mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang bagaimana penerapan prinsip perumahan yang sehat pada rumah mereka. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini diharapkan semakin banyak masyarakat yang peduli dan tertarik untuk menerapkan prinsip perumahan sehat secara efektif
On the solvability of the tracking problem in the optimization of the thermal process by moving point controls
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic university, Kerimbekov A. , Ermekbaeva A.T. ,   Osh State university, Seidakmat kyzy E. ,   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic university
Published: July 2021

In the present article we investigate problems of tracking in the moving point control of thermal processes described by Fredholm integro-differential equations in partial derivatives with the Fredholm integral operator, in the case when the functions of point sources are nonlinear with respect to the control function. It is found that optimal controls are defined as solutions to a system of linear integral equations, and an algorithm for constructing its solution is developed. Sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the tracking problem are found and an algorithm for constructing a complete solution to the nonlinear optimization problem was indicated.