bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DC: 0–5 system in clinical assessment with specialty pediatric populations
Authors: Dahl Claire M. , Bauer Maya J. , Kroupina Maria
Published: March 2023

Early childhood mental health (ECMH) programs provide an opportunity to provide specialized mental health services to vulnerable young children and connect them with necessary evidence‐based early intervention. However, there is a paucity of descriptive and explorative studies of the clinic protocols in the literature. Even within published work, there is a lack of standardization in clinical models and diagnostic systems limiting comparison and extrapolation. This paper describes how the DC: 0–5 framework guides the development of the model for an ECMH clinic embedded in the context of academic pediatrics. It also highlights the opportunity the DC 0–5 presents for developing the standardized protocols and a mechanism for standardized data collection in clinical settings. The paper demonstrates the utility of using the DC 0–5 in protocol development, assessment and data collection the mental health assessments of 87 children ages 0–6 were reviewed to gather information on history, presenting problems, parent‐child relationship, and mental health diagnoses. This paper and associated data underscore the utility and necessity of ECMH clinics while identifying challenges in the field.
Lessons Learned from the Pandemic: Syracuse University Women Embraced the Online Pivot in Leadership Education
Authors: Wheatly Michele G. , Reed LaVonda N. , Garland Marie , Jackson Candace C.
Published: March 2023

Women are underrepresented in higher education leadership. Many institutions offer women‐only programs to bridge the gap to career advancement. COVID‐19 has compounded existing gender inequities and raised concern about long‐term setbacks for women. Recognizing the need to equip women to enter the postpandemic talent pool, a Women in Leadership program at Syracuse University rapidly pivoted to online delivery in the 2020–2021 academic year. The current paper reports dramatic increases in offerings, quality, and participation during the online pivot compared to in‐person programming the preceding year. The pivot broadened access to women and strengthened their networks for career advancement. Integrated programming for academic and administrative staff reinforced a shared leadership model with the ability to learn during a crisis. Programming was nimbly adjusted using trauma‐informed design thinking. Online platforms afforded intensive small group discussions, active learning, access to higher profile presenters, and connection with national leadership opportunities. Rapid growth during the online pivot enabled the initiative to bring its vision into focus. Briefly, the online pivot was embraced by women seeking leadership education. In the rush to return to normal and address gender equity in the talent pool, providers of women‐only leadership education should consider online delivery as effectual.
Revision surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis in children: A single center's 44 years experience
Authors: Gluvajić Daša , Bhate Janhvi Jayesh , Sandu Kishore
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Outcome measures of revision open airway surgery in pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) are reported.

Methods

Data on 46 pediatric LTS patients undergoing revision open airway surgery were collected retrospectively. The measured outcomes were decannulation rate, time to decannulation, postoperative complications, additional surgery to achieve decannulation, and functional results.

Results

The most common revision surgery was partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) in 21/46, followed by extended PCTR (ePCTR) in 20/46, and laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in 5/46 patients. A 90.7% overall decannulation rate (ODR) and a 74.4% operation‐specific decannulation rate (OSDR) were achieved. Delayed decannulation was identified in children aged 5 years or less (p = 0.038) and in patients with previous primary open airway surgery (p = 0.039). Complications were observed in 52.2% of patients. To achieve optimal airway patency, additional open or endoscopic airway surgeries were necessary in 30.4% and 47.7% of patients, respectively. Age 5 years or less (p = 0.034), multiple comorbidities (p = 0.044), revision ePCTR (p = 0.023), and laryngeal stenting (p = 0.018) were risk factors requiring additional open surgery to achieve age‐appropriate airway. Failed primary open airway surgery (p = 0.034) and comorbidities (p = 0.044) were risk factors for a higher rate of additional endoscopic surgeries. Postoperatively 63.0% of patients achieved normal breathing, 82.2% were dysphonic and 91.1% were orally fed.

Conclusions

In this report, the patient's age under 5 years, previous primary open airway surgery, medical comorbidities, and laryngeal stenting had a significant negative impact on revision open airway surgery outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level 4 Laryngoscope, 133:3200–3207, 2023
Reflection and transmission analysis of an acoustic trifurcated waveguide with wave‐bearing structural discontinuity
Authors: Afsar Haleem , Mahtab Alam Mohammad
Published: March 2023

The dilution of undesired and vandalize noise to a sustainable level is the subject of continuing research in the fields of applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Therefore, the present study investigates the mechanism of an acoustic wave scattering, which includes the force propagation due to the incidence through region
of elastic boundary condition. Both planar and nonplanar surfaces are allowed in this waveguide configuration. In this structure, the scattered fields in the regions of the inner surfaces are acoustically rigid and satisfy the standard orthogonality relation, while the fields on the upper outer surfaces are flexural nature that can be tackled using modified orthogonality relation. Thus, we intend to simultaneously take into account the behavior of the scattered field in both planar and nonplanar zones. Solving nonorthogonal eigenfunctions required the development of a modified orthogonality relation. Modified orthogonal relation and the mode‐matching (MM) technique have combined to get the solution of proposed model. The last section graphically discusses the solution for various frequencies and heights to observe the scattering behavior in all regions of the duct. In accordance with different characteristics of the waveguide material, expressions for the distribution of powers in different parts of the channel are developed and schematically depicted. A variety of mathematical and physical justifications provide strong support to results.
On a spectral theory of singular Hahn difference equation of a Sturm‐Liouville type problem with transmission conditions
Authors: Palamut Kosar Nida
Published: March 2023

This study is based upon investigations of the existence of a singular Hahn difference equation of
‐Sturm–Liouville problem with transmission conditions. Moreover, the Parseval identity and expansion formula in eigenfunctions are obtained.
Wideband radar cross section reduction of a circularly polarized antenna using polarization conversion metasurfaces
Authors: Rahman Saeed Ur , Deng Hai , Li Ronghao , Khalil Hisham , Khan Ijaz , Ullah Habib
Published: March 2023

In this study, a technique for designing a compact and low radar cross section (RCS) circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed. The designed CP antenna resonates at 8.7 GHz. The circular polarization is achieved by trimming opposite corners of the square patch and etching out thin slots. A new method is used to keep the radiation performance well preserved and to reduce the RCS of the CP antenna by employing polarization conversion metasurfaces. The PCM comprises double‐head arrow elements arranged around the CP antenna in four quadrants. Wideband monostatic RCS reduction is achieved for frequencies from 8.0 to 20 GHz. The experimental results verify the simulated ones, and also, the performance parameters such are realized gain, impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, and radiation pattern are well preserved after loading polarization conversion metasurface.
Is it time to properly examine NHS reform?
Authors: Fleming Stewart
Published: March 2023

Recent events have left the NHS starved of funds and the immediate future does not look too bright financially either. The organisation is also suffering from low staff morale and burnout of its workforce along with ever‐increasing demand. Indeed all the pressures now facing the NHS point towards a need for far‐reaching reform.
Boreal Forest Landscape Restoration in the Face of Extensive Forest Fragmentation and Loss
Authors: Svensson Johan , Mikusiński Grzegorz , Bubnicki Jakub W. , Andersson Jon , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar
Published: March 2023

Historical conditions that provide a natural legacy for defining restoration targets are not applicable without adjusting these targets to expected future conditions. Prestoration approaches, defined as restoration that simultaneously considers past, present, and future conditions with a changing climate, are necessary to advance the protection of biodiversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services. Large areas of boreal forest landscapes are transformed and degraded by industrial forestry practices. With largely fragmented and too-small areas of remaining high conservation value forests, protection and preservation are insufficient and must be complemented by active restoration in the managed forest matrix. Successful forest landscape restoration incorporates varied spatiotemporal scales and resolutions to compose restoration routes that best reflect the expected future sustainability challenges as well as planning and governance frameworks.
Millennial-Scale Disturbance History of the Boreal Zone
Authors: Aakala Tuomas , Remy Cécile C. , Arseneault Dominique , Morin Hubert , Girardin Martin P. , Gennaretti Fabio , Navarro Lionel , Kuosmanen Niina , Ali Adam A. , Boucher Étienne , Stivrins Normunds , Seppä Heikki , Bergeron Yves , Girona Miguel Montoro
Published: March 2023

Long-term disturbance histories, reconstructed using diverse paleoecological tools, provide high-quality information about pre-observational periods. These data offer a portrait of past environmental variability for understanding the long-term patterns in climate and disturbance regimes and the forest ecosystem response to these changes. Paleoenvironmental records also provide a longer-term context against which current anthropogenic-related environmental changes can be evaluated. Records of the long-term interactions between disturbances, vegetation, and climate help guide forest management practices that aim to mirror “natural” disturbance regimes. In this chapter, we outline how paleoecologists obtain these long-term data sets and extract paleoenvironmental information from a range of sources. We demonstrate how the reconstruction of key disturbances in the boreal forest, such as fire and insect outbreaks, provides critical long-term views of disturbance-climate-vegetation interactions. Recent developments of novel proxies are highlighted to illustrate advances in reconstructing millennial-scale disturbance-related dynamics and how this new information benefits the sustainable management of boreal forests in a rapidly changing climate.
Changes in Water Status and Carbon Allocation in Conifers Subjected to Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Consequences for Tree Mortality and Forest Management
Authors: Deslauriers Annie , Balducci Lorena , Fierravanti Angelo , Bouchard Mathieu
Published: March 2023

The ability of forests to provide ecosystem services and renewable goods faces several challenges related to insect defoliation. Spruce budworm outbreaks represent one of the major natural disturbances in the boreal forest of eastern North America. In this chapter, we will focus on the effects of defoliation by eastern spruce budworm in balsam fir and black spruce trees. We first describe tree water status depending on the duration of defoliation. We then present the response of springtime starch reserves and radial growth at different levels of defoliation. We summarize four mechanisms to explain mortality under defoliation and the consequences for forest management.
Futuring ‘Nusantara’: Detangling Indonesia’s Modernist Archipelagic Imaginaries
Authors: Simarmata Hendricus A. , Rafliana Irina , Herbeck Johannes , Siriwardane-de Zoysa Rapti
Published: March 2023

Archipelagic identities have long patterned Indonesian historic imaginaries, collective memory, and its postcolonial modernist narratives on nation-building. This chapter examines and puts into conversation two distinct and interrelated concepts undergirding archipelagic thinking – ‘Nusantara’ and the lesser studied ‘Tanah Air’ – against speculative visions of Indonesia’s developmental trajectories. These concepts intersect with Indonesia’s aspirational vision as a maritime nation that is to take its place within a regional and globalist paradigm of ocean-centric economic growth. Inspired by critical ocean studies and by drawing on narrative analysis, we begin by considering the paradoxes within Indonesia’s contemporary blue economy growth visions in relation to its older land-based biases in planning and nation-building. In critically engaging with Indonesia’s own oceanic turn towards a blue growth orthodoxy, we consider three aspects of its futuring trajectory, namely industrialization, infrastructural development, and its recent choice of relocating its administrative capital to east Kalimantan. While engaging with paradigmatic land-locked biases and political path dependencies that unwittingly entrench ‘Java-centric’ development, we illustrate how Indonesia’s distinct archipelagic thinking has co-evolved in recent history, and with what cultural resonance for its nation-building vision in the decades to come.
Einführung
Authors: Rapp Andrea
Published: March 2023

Digitale Editionen und Annotationen wurden in dieser Sektion als Ergebnis wie auch als Grundlage und Ausgangspunkt wissenschaftlicher Forschung betrachtet. Die Perspektiven auf Edition umfassten sowohl den digitalen Produktionsprozess der Erstellung von Editionen als auch die erweiterten Rezeptions- und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten digitaler Präsentationsformen. Vielfältige Bezugspunkte ergaben sich darüber hinaus zu den Themen der anderen Sektionen, wenn beispielsweise digitale Editionen und annotierte Korpora als Grundlage digitaler Analyseverfahren adressiert wurden oder die Rolle von Bibliotheken, Archiven und Verlagen bei der Erstellung und Bewahrung digitaler Editionen bedacht wurde.
Small Worlds, Beat Charts und die Netzwerkanalyse dramatischer Texte. Reflexionen aus dem Rabbit Hole
Authors: Trilcke Peer
Published: March 2023

Ausgehend von der Frage nach den Eigenarten der Begriffsverwendung in digital-empirischen Forschungsarbeiten der Literaturwissenschaft, präsentiert und diskutiert der Beitrag zwei Studien zur formalen Netzwerkanalyse von Dramentexten, jeweils entstanden im Kontext der dlina-Arbeitsgruppe. Anhand der typologischen Studie zu Dramen als Small Worlds auf der einen Seite, anhand der Entwicklung der Drama Change Rate auf der anderen Seite wird dabei auf die Eigenlogiken hingewiesen, die der digital-literaturwissenschaftlichen Operationalisierung und der “programming imagination” (Franco Moretti) innewohnt. Diese Eigenlogiken, so das Resümee des Beitrags, führen u.a. zu einer vierfachen (statistischen, anästhetischen, diagrammatischen und rhetorischen) Alterität von Argumentationsweisen in der digitalen Literaturwissenschaft.
‘Could be the translation, of course’. Analysing the perception of literary fiction and literary translations
Authors: van Dalen-Oskam Karina
Published: March 2023

The advent of information technology has greatly expanded the methodological toolkit of literary scholars. In the digital humanities project The Riddle of Literary Quality, methods from literary studies, linguistics and computer science are combined with sociological approaches. I will describe how this project went about mixing and blending methods from different research disciplines in search of more knowledge about the modern-day Dutch and European literary systems.
Ein Quantum Literatur. Empirische Daten zu einer Theorie des literarischen Textumfangs
Authors: Fischer Frank , Jäschke Robert
Published: March 2023

An den banalen Umstand, dass jeder literarische Text einen bestimmten Umfang hat, knüpfen sich einige Fragen, die bisher noch kaum gestellt wurden; Fragen etwa nach dem Einfluss von Textlängen auf Rezeptions-, Interpretations- und Kanonisierungsprozesse. Eine Theorie des literarischen Textumfangs fehlt bisher, ist jedoch unter den Bedingungen einer Digitalen Literaturwissenschaft umso dringlicher, da ohne eine entsprechende Klärung die Bedeutung der quantitativen Grenzen des literarischen Erbes nicht angemessen diskutiert werden kann. Bisher ist eher von der Gesamtzahl gescannter Bücher oder Volltexte die Rede, aber kaum von deren jeweiligem Umfang. In diesem Aufsatz versuchen wir daher zwei Dinge: Zum einen möchten wir den Diskurs zum Thema ‚literarischer Textumfang‘ miteröffnen, indem wir einige bisher nur vereinzelt zu findende Überlegungen zur Bedeutung von Textumfängen zusammenführen. Zum anderen sollen die Grundzüge eines Frameworks zur Beforschung entsprechender empirischer Daten beschrieben werden. Letzteres geschieht anhand zweier Metadatensätze, einerseits bezogen auf den weltliterarisch orientierten Kanon 1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die aus dem Jahr 2006, andererseits auf den Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek(DNB), aus dem wir 180.000 als Roman verschlagwortete Bücher gefiltert haben. Um die DNB-Katalogdaten zu qualifizieren, wurden sie mit der freien Wissensdatenbank Wikidata vernetzt. Da sich beide Datensätze nicht aus Volltexten, sondern aus Metadaten konstituieren, basieren unsere Ergebnisse zwangsläufig auf der Buchseite als Einheit der Textumfangsmessung. In Zukunft wird ein solches Framework auch die Anzahl von Wörtern oder Zeichen in Betracht ziehen müssen, um die variabel-invariable Doppelnatur des literarischen Textumfangs angemessen diskutieren und komparatistisch nutzbar machen zu können.
Diskussionsbericht Sektion I. Literatur(wissenschaft) unter digitalen Bedingungen
Authors: Borkowski Jan
Published: March 2023

Die drei Vorlagen, die sich mit Literaturwissenschaft unter digitalen Bedingungen befassten, setzten die etablierte Praxis aus verschiedenen Perspektiven mit Möglichkeiten in Beziehung, welche die Digitalisierung eröffnet. Sie legten dar, wie Computermodelle mit ‚traditionellen‘ literaturwissenschaftlichen Positionen, etwa historisch-hermeneutischen, in Verbindung gebracht werden können (Kuhn).
Segregation und soziale Benachteiligung
Authors: Guhl Jutta , Blanc Maurice
Published: March 2023

Soziale Benachteiligung manifestiert sich im Raum u. a. durch eine räumliche Konzentration sozial schwacher Gruppen in bestimmten Stadtgebieten. Der Beitrag beleuchtet dies für Frankreich, Deutschland und die Schweiz.

Zur Beurteilung der Auswirkungen von segregiertem Wohnen, müssen die jeweiligen Bedingungen in den Blick genommen werden: Handelt es sich um freiwillige oder erzwungene Segregation, ist sie temporär und erfüllt eventuell gar eine integrative Funktion oder manifestiert sich in ihr dauerhafter Ausschluss? Von Bedeutung sind nicht zuletzt die Lebensbedingungen in den betroffenen Quartieren: Fügen die Quartiere bestehender Benachteiligung eine weitere Dimension bei oder gelingt es durch eine aktive Quartierspolitik Entwicklungsoptionen zu bieten?
Mediatized Families: Digital Parenting on Social Media
Authors: Thimm Caja
Published: March 2023

The digital transformation is a structural change that affects all areas of society and does not leave the individual untouched. It is reflected in new economic sectors and business models, as well as in the way people communicate, learn, work, and live together. These massive transformation processes that are currently taking place in almost all areas of society have also influenced families around the globe.
Fazit und Ausblick zum ambidextren Innovationsmanagement
Authors: Lang-Koetz Claus , Reischl Annika , Fischer Stephan , Weber Sabrina , Kusch Anina
Published: March 2023

Die vorgestellten Konzepte und Methoden für ein ambidextres Innovationsmanagement in KMU eignen sich für exploitative und explorative Vorgehensweisen. Selbstorganisiertes Innovationsmanagement bedeutet nun, auf Basis vorhandener Parameter und Rahmenbedingungen selbstständig zu entscheiden, wann welche klassischen und/oder agilen Methoden in der Praxis am besten geeignet sind. In diesem Kapitel werden die wichtigsten Themen des Buchs zusammengefasst. In einem Ausblick werden insbesondere die Relevanz der nachhaltigen Entwicklung für das Innovationsmanagement sowie die Rolle von Führung, Unternehmenskultur und Netzwerken adressiert.
Co-operation of Edu-business and Public Schooling: Is the Governance of Education in Finland Shifting from the Public Sector to Networks?
Authors: Kiesi Iida
Published: March 2023

The number of edu-business actors involved in Finnish schooling is increasing, as is their collaboration with the public sector. This chapter introduces concrete examples of how edu-business actors in Finland collaborate with state actors and also discusses what their aspirations are for future collaboration with state actors. By analysing these forms of co-operation and the expectations of Finnish edu-business actors, I aim to describe the current position and the course of governance of education in Finland. I argue that edu-business networks, that cross and blur the sectoral boundaries between public and private, create possibilities for edu-business actors to affect education policies in Finland. This possibility of a shift from the public governance of education towards network governance can weaken the democratic aspects of the public education system as networks lack commitment to transparent decision-making and accountability to the public.
Divided Cities—Divided Schools? School Segregation and the Role of Needs-Based Resource Allocation in Finland
Authors: Ramos Lobato Isabel , Bernelius Venla
Published: March 2023

For a long time, Finland stood out in international pupil assessments with a rare combination of excellent overall performance and a high level of equality. However, recent PISA studies point to both deteriorating learning outcomes and increasing importance of pupils’ social background for their learning outcomes in Finland. In addition, strongly increasing socio-economic and ethnic residential segregation in many Finnish cities has had a marked effect on schools since residential patterns are a central factor in school segregation and over one third of Finnish school children live in larger cities. The growing differences between the student intakes of schools have led to strongly diverging learning outcomes and learning conditions between schools in Finland. Urban segregation has therefore become a key question for educational equality and Finnish educational policies. In this chapter, we scrutinise the ways in which school segregation is related to societal and spatial differentiation in the Finnish urban context and how this relationship is further reflected in the differentiation of the schools’ educational outcomes. Moreover, we analyse the existing needs-based resourcing responses and their effectiveness. Our empirical material is focused on the city of Helsinki, as it is currently the only city with a systematic needs-based resource allocation policy. Our chapter illustrates that the traditional egalitarian and universal “same level for all” approach of the education system in Finland seems increasingly unable to overcome the growing differences in a segregating Finnish society. To compensate for children’s unequal starting positions and the increasingly divergent learning and social conditions between schools, the Finnish education system needs stronger support mechanisms that systematically allocate resources towards the individual needs of schools.
Businessing Around Comprehensive Schooling
Authors: Seppänen Piia , Kiesi Iida , Lempinen Sonia , Nivanaho Nina
Published: March 2023

The idea of education as a commodity, particularly as a field of export, has gradually taken hold in Finland creating a base for government collaboration with edu-business. In that logic comprehensive schooling for citizens in a small nation like Finland is positioned as a tool for a platform economy and to make profit within a sector of welfare society that has traditionally been considered separate from business-making forces. In this chapter after briefly describing the commercial actors in comprehensive schooling in Finland, we aim to understand how businessing around comprehensive schooling works in Finland based on interviews with different types of actors who aim to create this industry. We distinguish the rationalities, logics and modes of operation of edu-business. The rationale behind private actors’ involvement in comprehensive schooling in Finland rests on their claimed ability to create “innovations” that schools themselves cannot make, mainly related to the use of technology. Possible negative side effects are not discussed. Edu-preneurs emphasise “evidence based” activities done outside the academic community, nevertheless they call this research. Industry-making in education is conducted via networks facilitating various edu-business related activities by connecting interests and actors. We conclude that society needs to be wary of multiple lines of products and policy pressures by global edu-business creating new policies like auditing and quality assurance policies to guide and consult education policy-makers. Overall developments in businessing around comprehensive schooling raise questions about democracy and schooling as public service in a small nation like Finland.
Isomonodromic Deformations: Confluence, Reduction and Quantisation
Authors: Gaiur Ilia , Mazzocco Marta , Rubtsov Vladimir
Published: March 2023

In this paper we study the isomonodromic deformations of systems of differential equations with poles of any order on the Riemann sphere as Hamiltonian flows on the product of co-adjoint orbits of the truncated current algebra, also called generalised Takiff algebra. Our motivation is to produce confluent versions of the celebrated Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations and explain how their quasiclassical solution can be expressed via the isomonodromic $$\tau $$
τ
-function. In order to achieve this, we study the confluence cascade of $$r+ 1$$

r
+
1

simple poles to give rise to a singularity of arbitrary Poincaré rank r as a Poisson morphism and explicitly compute the isomonodromic Hamiltonians. In loving memory of Igor KricheverA great man and outstanding mathematician
An effective and considerable treatment of pilonidal sinus disease by laser ablation
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Jin Lei , Gong Tianyun , Qin Kaijian , Cui Can , Wang Zhenyi , Wu Jiong
Published: March 2023

The treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is still challenging. Although many non-surgical and surgical methods exist, no consensus has been reached on the best treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser ablation using 1470‐nm radial diode laser fiber in treating SPD. We retrospectively studied the data of our 48 patients who operated on this technique between March 2019 and July 2022. All patients were treated with laser ablation using 1470‐nm radial diode laser fiber. The healing rate and recurrence rate, demographic and surgical data, postoperative pain, complications (wound infection, wound bleeding), the time of returning to regular work and life, and the time of wound healing were recorded. Postoperative pain was measured based on the visual analog scale (VAS) score. Postoperative follow-up was performed in the outpatient clinic every 1 week for 1 month. Among the 48 patients, 41 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 27.7 years (range 14–42), the healing rate was 100%, and the average healing time was 28.3 ± 5.5 days. Mean operative time was 15.5 ± 3.3 min. The recurrence rate was 2.1%. One patient relapsed 3 months after the operation. The patient underwent laser ablation again, and the sinus tract was closed. The median visual analog scale (VAS) score on the day of operation was 0(0,2). The median VAS score on the first, third, seventh, and fourteenth day after operation was 0(0,2), 0(0,1), 0(0,1), and 0(0,0), respectively. There was no wound infection or bleeding after the operation. The mean time to normal work/life was 7.1 ± 3.2 days. Almost all the patients felt very satisfied with the operation. Laser ablation using 1470‐nm radial diode laser fiber is effective in SPD treatment. It is associated with minor wounds and mild postoperative pain. It is a simple, safe, and minimally invasive technique and its clinical application for acute and chronic SPD in the absence of abscess is promising.
Mobile Hybrid Energy System for Modern Drives of Smart Energy Transition
Authors: Korpela A. , Alanen S. , Hietalahti L. , Kohtala M. , Markkula T. , Virtanen K. , Björn R.
Published: March 2023

Mainly driven by the climate change, electric power systems are globally going through a transition. In order to cut carbon dioxide emissions and slow down global warming, traditional systems consisting of concentrated, easily controllable and often fossil-based power plants are step-by-step replaced by the ones which are typically distributed, renewable and carbon dioxide free. Often this green and renewable production is weather-dependent and much more difficult to predict than the traditional fossil-based one. In the smart energy transition we are dealing with these critical and topical issues: how to ensure the balance in the power grid, when the controllability of production gets more and more difficult. New solutions, such as flexible loads, demand response and growing role of energy storage, are called for to ensure high quality of electric energy. In all these solutions, more accurate power control is called for. In addition, it is important to realize that such new solutions of modern electric drives always require sophisticated power electronics combined with smart control. To be able to demonstrate these modern electric drives of smart energy transition, a mobile and technically versatile hybrid energy system was designed and built at Tampere University of Applied Sciences. In addition to easy transfer enabled by a trailer solution, the goal of design and construction was in technical diversity. The hybrid energy system presented in this paper has not been tailored to any specific use, but instead, we wanted to be able to demonstrate even such modern electric drives that were not predictable in the design phase of the system. Thus, the technical diversity of the system deserves to be emphasized. In this paper we present the design, the operational principles, smart control properties and some successful demonstrations of energy transition related modern electric drives.
A Tanner's Worth of Tune
Authors: Wright Adrian
Published: March 2023

This book examines the progress of the British musical in the twentieth century as it struggled to find an identity, stepping out of the shadow of its American counterpart. It looks at the contribution of key figures in lively and engaging prose.
Vision and Gender in Malory's Morte Darthur
Authors: Martin Molly
Published: March 2023

A fresh study of the intricate roles played by gender, visibility, and the idea of romance in Malory's Morte.
The citizen choice architect in an ultra-processed world
Authors: Hertwig Ralph
Published: March 2023

Two concepts shaped and continue to shape the discussion on the limits of a liberal and democratic state. First, Mill's harm principle, according to which the fundamental justification for a state exercising power over individuals is to prevent harm being done to others. Second, the distinction between the public sphere, where liberal democracies can intervene, and the private sphere, where individuals are, in principle, free to do as they like. I argue that both concepts have to be revisited in the context of today's ‘ultra-processed’ world, in which sophisticated technologies and highly engineered products reach deep into the private sphere, exploiting human psychology and jeopardizing citizens’ health and welfare in the interest of maximizing profit. In this ultra-processed world, where the distinction between the public and the private spheres is blurred, systemic interventions such as regulation and taxation, often criticized as paternalistic, are necessary to minimize harm. However, they must be complemented by interventions informed by behavioural science that modify and guide individual behaviours. Beyond the soft paternalism of nudging, people can be empowered to self-nudge – a non-paternalistic approach that enables them to design and structure their own decision environments and choice architectures as they see fit.
Structure of blocks with normal defect and abelian inertial quotient
Authors: Benson David , Kessar Radha , Linckelmann Markus
Published: March 2023

Let k be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic p. Let

$kGe$

be a block of a group algebra of a finite group G, with normal defect group P and abelian

$p'$

inertial quotient L. Then we show that

$kGe$

is a matrix algebra over a quantised version of the group algebra of a semidirect product of P with a certain subgroup of L. To do this, we first examine the associated graded algebra, using a Jennings–Quillen style theorem.

As an example, we calculate the associated graded of the basic algebra of the nonprincipal block in the case of a semidirect product of an extraspecial p-group P of exponent p and order

$p^3$

with a quaternion group of order eight with the centre acting trivially. In the case of

$p=3$

, we give explicit generators and relations for the basic algebra as a quantised version of

$kP$

. As a second example, we give explicit generators and relations in the case of a group of shape

$2^{1+4}:3^{1+2}$

in characteristic two.
Baroclinic critical layer in a viscous stratified boundary layer flow on an undulated tilted surface
Authors: Christin Sarah , Meunier Patrice , Le Dizès Stéphane
Published: March 2023

The present paper investigates theoretically and experimentally the boundary layer generated by a stably stratified fluid flowing horizontally along a surface tilted in the transverse direction and deformed by sinusoidal undulations with crests perpendicular to the flow direction. In the absence of undulations, a weak transverse velocity proportional to the normal velocity is created such that the flow remains purely horizontal. In the presence of undulations of amplitude

$h$

, a stronger transverse flow is generated that exhibits a singular behaviour at the critical altitude where the frequency of the perturbation matches the buoyancy frequency of the fluid. This baroclinic critical layer was previously analysed by Passaggia et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 751, 2014, pp. 663–684) for a boundary layer flow with a small sliding velocity on the surface. Here, the no-slip boundary condition of the experimental flow is applied. For this purpose, we solve the viscous sub-layer to obtain a complete theoretical model for the solution in the critical layer without any adjusting parameter. The theoretical predictions for the transverse velocity are compared with experimental measurements, and a good quantitative agreement is demonstrated. Compared with the sliding case, the no-slip boundary condition on the surface reduces the amplitude of the critical layer solution by a factor

$Re^{-1/3}$

, where the Reynolds number Re is defined using the velocity at infinity and the thickness of the boundary layer. As a consequence, the transverse velocity has a maximum in the critical layer of order

$h$

, but it still induces a shear rate of order

$h\,Re^{1/3}$

.
Streamwise vortices, cellular shedding and force coefficients on finite wing at low Reynolds number
Authors: Pandi Jawahar Sivabharathy Samuthira , Mittal Sanjay
Published: March 2023

Numerical simulations for flow past a finite rectangular wing with a NACA 0012 section at

$Re=1000$

for various semi-aspect ratios (

$0.25\le sAR \le 7.5$

) over a range of angles of attack (

$0^{\circ }\le \alpha \le 14^{\circ }$

) reveal streamwise vortices, which increase in strength and number to occupy an increasing spanwise extent with increase in

$\alpha$

. They result in non-monotonic spanwise variation of local force coefficients and increased strength of wing-tip vortex for

$\alpha >8^{\circ }$

. Viscous and pressure drag dominate for low and high sAR, respectively. The time-averaged drag coefficient first decreases and then increases with increase in

$sAR$

. Vortex shedding for

$\alpha =14^{\circ }$

is single cell and parallel for

$sAR<3$

. Shedding is in two cells with an oblique angle that varies with time, leading to large spanwise variation in the root mean square of local force coefficients for higher

$sAR$

. Various types of dislocations, reported earlier in wakes of bluff bodies, are seen for different

$\alpha$

and

$sAR$

. Dislocations for

$\alpha =14^{\circ }$

appear at the same spanwise location for

$sAR=3$

and at different spanwise locations for

$sAR\ge 4$

. Vortex shedding for

$\alpha =12^{\circ }$

and

$sAR=5$

exhibits one cell structure in the near wake and two cells in the far wake due to splitting and reconnection of vortices near the mid-span in the moderate wake. Linkages form between counter-rotating spanwise vortices for

$sAR\ge 1$

. Additional linkages between shed- and wing-tip vortices are observed for lower

$sAR$

. At each

$\alpha$

, the strength of the wing-tip vortex and radius of its core, estimated using Rankine and Lamb–Oseen models, increases up to a certain

$sAR$

beyond which it is approximately constant.
Dynamic and Ordinary Capabilities in Industry Transformation: The Case of the Electric Vehicle Industry
Authors: Huang Can
Published: March 2023

In 2018, in the Dialogue, Debate, and Discussion section of MOR 14.3, an interesting series of articles was published in the ‘Forum on Tesla and the Global Automotive Industry’, where researchers discussed the future dynamics of the global automotive sector. In their work, Perkins and Murmann (2018) contended that, based on Tesla's success, a well-funded company could develop a new electric vehicle (EV) from scratch and move it into production within three to five years if it would invest one to two billion USD in design, development, and manufacturing. Expressing a contrasting view, MacDuffie (2018) questioned this possibility, arguing that EV product architecture is unlikely to become substantially more modular and any new entrant would therefore have to develop the ordinary capabilities that current automotive original equipment manufacturers possess, and there is no guarantee that a firm can develop such capabilities. Teece (2018) joined the debate by proposing a capability-based framework within which to analyze four paradigm shifts that have marked progress in the global automotive industry: EVs, autonomous vehicles, connected cars, and personal mobility services. He argues that these paradigm shifts have created opportunities for new entrants while posing challenges to incumbent firms. To navigate through the uncertainty associated with these paradigm shifts, incumbent firms need to enhance and refine their dynamic capabilities and leverage their integration skills. Jiang and Lu (2018) based their contribution to this debate on the development of the Chinese EV market. In MOR 15.1, published in 2019, Teece (2019) further elaborated his framework to facilitate analysis of the prospects for Chinese firms seeking a stronger foothold in the global automobile market. All these articles have been well received by MOR readers and were ranked among the top 20 articles in full-text view times between June 2021 and June 2022.
Congress and the Establishment of a National Budget System in the United States during the Progressive Era
Authors: SATURNO JAMES V.
Published: March 2023

In order to establish a new national budget system during the Progressive Era, Congress had to overcome an earlier convention in which it used detailed appropriations in an attempt to control the budgetary actions of federal agencies and the president served no formal role. Incremental changes to strengthen congressional budgetary controls proved inadequate but provided reformers with an opportunity to supplant the existing orthodoxy, resulting in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. Although most studies have focused on the Act in terms of its effects on presidential power and presidential/congressional relations, this study focuses on congressional actions and debates to show how reform was rooted in long-standing congressional concerns about the need to control agency budgetary actions and was understood at the time as a culmination of those efforts, not simply as a case of Congress enhancing presidential power at its own expense.
Borrowed Agency: The Institutional Capacity of the Early Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Authors: WOODWARD JENNIFER
Published: March 2023

Borrowed capacity builds upon institutional capacity scholarship to discuss how interactions between government agencies and interest groups can increase agency resources and scope during agency formation and development. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission scholars often note the lack of capacity to implement Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 during the first years of the agency. I argue that current assessments of the agency’s capacity between 1965 and 1968 are incomplete by expanding the definition of capacity to include borrowed and nontraditional forms of capacity, reviewing congressional allocations to the agency and agency budgets, and considering the active roles state and local agencies as well as interest groups played in the early implementation of Title VII. I demonstrate the agency amassed not only claims but also capacity during its early years.
A clustering-based method for estimating pennation angle from B-mode ultrasound images
Authors: Bao Xuefeng , Zhang Qiang , Fragnito Natalie , Wang Jian , Sharma Nitin
Published: March 2023

B-mode ultrasound (US) is often used to noninvasively measure skeletal muscle architecture, which contains human intent information. Extracted features from B-mode images can help improve closed-loop human–robotic interaction control when using rehabilitation/assistive devices. The traditional manual approach to inferring the muscle structural features from US images is laborious, time-consuming, and subjective among different investigators. This paper proposes a clustering-based detection method that can mimic a well-trained human expert in identifying fascicle and aponeurosis and, therefore, compute the pennation angle. The clustering-based architecture assumes that muscle fibers have tubular characteristics. It is robust for low-frequency image streams. We compared the proposed algorithm to two mature benchmark techniques: UltraTrack and ImageJ. The performance of the proposed approach showed higher accuracy in our dataset (frame frequency is 20 Hz), that is, similar to the human expert. The proposed method shows promising potential in automatic muscle fascicle orientation detection to facilitate implementations in biomechanics modeling, rehabilitation robot control design, and neuromuscular disease diagnosis with low-frequency data stream.
An Overview of Cytokine Release Syndrome and Other Side Effects of CAR-T Cell Therapy
Authors: Genoud Vassilis , Migliorini Denis
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Oncology has been rapidly evolving over the past decade with tremendous therapeutic development. Engineered cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are increasingly used in daily practice, and provided a paradigm change especially for hematological malignancies. Their development is a scientific and technological achievement, but their toxicities can be life-threatening. As their utilization expands, better understanding of pathophysiology leads to better management. In this article we present a general overview of cell-therapy toxicities and their management.
How to Bend Lightning with a Laser Beam
Authors: Morris Bill
Published: March 2023

For the first time, scientists have redirected lightning using a laser beam. And that’s just the start of what’s possible.
Prospecting for Copper with Machine Learning and Zircons
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: March 2023

Using artificial intelligence, researchers can now identify zircons derived from valuable copper deposits.
Crystals Track Magma Movement Beneath Iceland
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: March 2023

Crystals from Fagradalsfjall’s eruption mark how mantle magma might have been moving years before geophysical indicators alerted scientists to unrest.
GeoHealth Expands Topical Areas with New Editors
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel
Published: March 2023

AGU’s interdisciplinary journal, GeoHealth, adds three new experts to its editorial board as it continues to grow in submissions, impact, and scope.
Radar-based human activity recognition with adaptive thresholding towards resource constrained platforms
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Le Kernec Julien , Abbasi Qammer , Fioranelli Francesco , Yang Shufan , Romain Olivier
Published: March 2023

Radar systems are increasingly being employed in healthcare applications for human activity recognition due to their advantages in terms of privacy, contactless sensing, and insensitivity to lighting conditions. The proposed classification algorithms are however often complex, focusing on a single domain of radar, and requiring significant computational resources that prevent their deployment in embedded platforms which often have limited memory and computational resources. To address this issue, we present an adaptive magnitude thresholding approach for highlighting the region of interest in the multi-domain micro-Doppler signatures. The region of interest is beneficial to extract salient features, meanwhile it ensures the simplicity of calculations with less computational cost. The results for the proposed approach show an accuracy of up to 93.1% for six activities, outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning methods on the same dataset with an over tenfold reduction in both training time and memory footprint, and a twofold reduction in inference time compared to a series of deep learning implementations. These results can help bridge the gap toward embedded platform deployment.
Controllable deformation based self‐adaptive drag reduction for complex surface
Authors: Chen Dengke , Cui Xianxian , Chen Huawei
Published: March 2023

Reduction of energy consumption and improvement of cruising speed are greatly necessary for underwater vehicles. Previously, regular riblets have been machined and the drag reduction has been verified; however, the riblet parameters are not adjusted like the denticles of sharkskin, which adapt quickly to the complex changing fluid flow. To achieve an improved drag reduction effect on the complicated shape surface, a simple, low‐cost, and timesaving stretching approach was proposed to adjust the riblet parameters on the underwater vehicle surface by controllable deformation. Nature latex rubber membrane with regular micro‐riblets was prepared as a stretching flexible film, and the spacing and height of the micro‐riblets were adjusted by adaptive control of the stretching ratio. The circulating water channel experiment verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the self‐adaptive drag reduction by the controllable deformation method. The results demonstrated that the drag reduction rate of the controllable deformation bionic fish skin was 4.26% compared with a smooth surface at 0.25 m/s with an angle of attack of 0°, which is better than any other angle. The controllable deformation bionic fish skin provides a feasible method for the drag reduction of complex surface adaptive underwater vehicles.