bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lizard movement tracks: variation in path re-use behaviour is consistent with a scent-marking function
Authors: Leu Stephan T. , Jackson Grant , Roddick John F. , Bull C. Michael
Published: March 2016

Individual movement influences the spatial and social structuring of a population. Animals regularly use the same paths to move efficiently to familiar places, or to patrol and mark home ranges. We found that Australian sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa), a monogamous species with stable pair-bonds, repeatedly used the same paths within their home ranges and investigated whether path re-use functions as a scent-marking behaviour, or whether it is influenced by site familiarity. Lizards can leave scent trails on the substrate when moving through the environment and have a well-developed vomeronasal system to detect and respond to those scents. Path re-use would allow sleepy lizards to concentrate scent marks along these well-used trails, advertising their presence. Hypotheses of mate attraction and mating competition predict that sleepy lizard males, which experience greater intra-sexual competition, mark more strongly. Consistent with those hypotheses, males re-used their paths more than females, and lizards that showed pairing behaviour with individuals of the opposite sex re-used paths more than unpaired lizards, particularly among females. Hinterland marking is most economic when home ranges are large and mobility is low, as is the case in the sleepy lizard. Consistent with this strategy, re-used paths were predominantly located in the inner 50% home range areas. Together, our detailed movement analyses suggest that path re-use is a scent marking behaviour in the sleepy lizard. We also investigated but found less support for alternative explanations of path re-use behaviour, such as site familiarity and spatial knowledge. Lizards established the same number of paths, and used them as often, whether they had occupied their home ranges for one or for more years. We discuss our findings in relation to maintenance of the monogamous mating system of this species, and the spatial and social structuring of the population.
Major influence of plume‐ridge interaction, lithosphere thickness variations, and global mantle flow on hotspot volcanism—The example of Tristan
Authors: Gassmöller Rene , Dannberg Juliane , Bredow Eva , Steinberger Bernhard , Torsvik Trond H.
Published: March 2016

Hotspot tracks are thought to originate when mantle plumes impinge moving plates. However, many observed cases close to mid‐ocean ridges do not form a single age‐progressive line, but vary in width, are separated into several volcanic chains, or are distributed over different plates. Here we study plume‐ridge interaction at the example of the Tristan plume, which features all of these complexities. Additionally, the South Atlantic formed close to where plume volcanism began, opening from the south and progressing northward with a notable decrease in magmatism across the Florianopolis Fracture Zone. We study the full evolution of the Tristan plume in a series of three‐dimensional regional models created with the convection code ASPECT. We then compute crustal thickness maps and compare them to seismic profiles and the topography of the South Atlantic. We find that the separation of volcanism into the Tristan and Gough chain can be explained by the position of the plume relative to the ridge and the influence of the global flow field. Plume material below the off‐ridge track can flow toward the ridge and regions of thinner lithosphere, where decompression melting leads to the development of a second volcanic chain resembling the Tristan and Gough hotspot tracks. Agreement with the observations is best for a small plume buoyancy flux of 500 kg/s or a low excess temperature of 150 K. The model explains the distribution of syn‐rift magmatism by hot plume material that flows into the rift and increases melt generation.
Unusual stress rotations within the Philippines possibly caused by slip heterogeneity along the Philippine fault
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Pulido Nelson , Fukuyama Eiichi
Published: March 2016

To understand the complex tectonic interactions between subduction margins and transcurrent faults, we investigated the spatial distribution of stress orientations in the Philippines by using focal mechanisms derived from the waveform data of regional broadband seismic stations and Global Centroid Moment Tensor solutions. We investigated the spatial distribution of stress orientations by dividing the region into a central region containing the Philippine fault (PF) and regions to the east and west of the PF. Our stress tensor inversion results show that the σ1 axes in the central and eastern regions are WNW‐ESE oriented and parallel to the relative plate motion orientations. However, in the western region, the orientations of σ1 axes were different. In particular, the orientations of the σ1 axes in the southern part (Bohol region) differ substantially (differences exceed approximately 60°) from those of the relative plate motion. Furthermore, the orientations of the σ1 axes in the northern part (Mindoro and southwestern Luzon regions) differ by approximately 30° from those found throughout the Philippines. The σ1 axes in the Bohol region and the σ3 axes in the Mindoro and southwestern Luzon regions are parallel to the strike of the PF. It was demonstrated that our numerical model incorporating slip on the PF and interplate coupling is able to successfully reproduce the features of the observed stress pattern.
Statistical analysis of storm electrical discharges reconstituted from a lightning mapping system, a lightning location system, and an acoustic array
Authors: Gallin Louis‐Jonardan , Farges Thomas , Marchiano Régis , Coulouvrat François , Defer Eric , Rison William , Schulz Wolfgang , Nuret Mathieu
Published: March 2016

In the framework of the European Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment project, a field campaign devoted to the study of electrical activity during storms took place in the south of France in 2012. An acoustic station composed of four microphones and four microbarometers was deployed within the coverage of a Lightning Mapping Array network. On the 26 October 2012, a thunderstorm passed just over the acoustic station. Fifty‐six natural thunder events, due to cloud‐to‐ground and intracloud flashes, were recorded. This paper studies the acoustic reconstruction, in the low frequency range from 1 to 40 Hz, of the recorded flashes and their comparison with detections from electromagnetic networks. Concurrent detections from the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection lightning location system were also used. Some case studies show clearly that acoustic signal from thunder comes from the return stroke but also from the horizontal discharges which occur inside the clouds. The huge amount of observation data leads to a statistical analysis of lightning discharges acoustically recorded. Especially, the distributions of altitudes of reconstructed acoustic detections are explored in detail. The impact of the distance to the source on these distributions is established. The capacity of the acoustic method to describe precisely the lower part of nearby cloud‐to‐ground discharges, where the Lightning Mapping Array network is not effective, is also highlighted.
Using earth‐tide induced water pressure changes to measure in situ permeability: A comparison with long‐term pumping tests
Authors: Allègre Vincent , Brodsky Emily E. , Xue Lian , Nale Stephanie M. , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A.
Published: March 2016

Good constraints on hydrogeological properties are an important first step in any quantitative model of groundwater flow. Field estimation of permeability is difficult as it varies over orders of magnitude in natural systems and is scale‐dependent. Here we directly compare permeabilities inferred from tidal responses with conventional large‐scale, long‐term pumping tests at the same site. Tidally induced water pressure changes recorded in wells are used to infer permeability at ten locations in a densely fractured sandstone unit. Each location is either an open‐hole well or a port in a multilevel monitoring well. Tidal response is compared at each location to the results of two conventional, long‐term and large scale pumping tests performed at the same site. We obtained consistent values between the methods for a range of site‐specific permeabilities varying from ∼10−15 m2 to 10−13 m2 for both open wells with large open intervals and multilevel monitoring well. We conclude that the tidal analysis is able to capture passive and accurate estimates of permeability.
Long‐Distance Relationships
Authors: Oakes Kelly Finch , Brown Kristina S.
Published: March 2016

Long‐distance relationships involve a geographical separation between partners. Initially considered to be a relationship form limited mostly to college students, long‐distance relationships are increasing in number and type. With technological advances, a shifting economy, and a stronger emphasis on individual success and autonomy, long‐distance relationships are becoming more prevalent in dual‐income couples who must face the challenges and embrace the advantages of the long‐distance lifestyle.
Definition of Family
Authors: Miller Lisa R.
Published: March 2016

Definitions of family typically differ considerably among researchers and the general public alike. Indeed, most family scholars have been unable to come to a consensus on a definition today. Views on family decline versus resilience largely shape debates about how family would best be defined. One common myth is that the nuclear family has existed across all historical periods and cultural contexts but many scholars now maintain that this familial form is not universal. Although some family scholars advocate for a working definition of family for research and policy purposes, the conceptualizations now offered are typically broader in nature than traditional definitions of family. Definitions of family adopted by researchers and the general public alike have increasingly become more inclusive over time.
Radially Aligned Porous Carbon Nanotube Arrays on Carbon Fibers: A Hierarchical 3D Carbon Nanostructure for High‐Performance Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Song Yian , Zhang Hang , Xu Jia , Duan Huigao , Liu Jingyue
Published: March 2016

A novel and scalable synthesis approach to produce hierarchically aligned porous carbon nanotube arrays (PCNTAs) on flexible carbon fibers (CFs) is developed. The PCNTAs are obtained by catalytic conversion of ethanol on ZnO nanorod arrays and then reduction‐evaporation of ZnO nanorods, resulting in uniform and controllable wall thicknesses of the final PCNTAs. The 3D arrangement, the diameters, and the lengths of the PCNTAs can be tuned by adjusting the synthesis protocols of the ZnO nanorod arrays. The PCNTAs@CFs exhibit a high specific capacitance of 182 F g−1 at 40 A g−1 (188 F g−1 at 20 A g−1) in 6 m KOH. The symmetric supercapacitor shows an excellent cycling stability with only 0.0016% loss per cycle after 10 000 continuous cycles at the current density of 12 A g−1. These excellent electrochemical performances are ascribed to the unique structural design of hierarchical PCNTAs, which provide not only appropriate channels for enhanced electronic and ionic transport but also increased surface area for accessing more electrolyte ions. The structural design and the synthesis approach are general and can be extended to synthesizing a broad range of materials systems.
Pigmented Silk Nanofibrous Composite for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Authors: Manchineella Shivaprasad , Thrivikraman Greeshma , Khanum Khadija K. , Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Basu Bikramjit , Govindaraju T.
Published: March 2016

Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) employs designed biomaterial scaffolds for promoting myogenic differentiation of myoblasts to functional myotubes. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the biocompatibility of biomaterials as well as in the fate of myoblasts during myogenesis and is also associated with pathological conditions such as myotonic dystrophy. The inherent electrical excitability of muscle cells inspired the use of electroactive scaffolds for SMTE. Conducting polymers attracted the attention of researchers for their use in muscle tissue engineering. However, poor biocompatibility, biodegradability and development of oxidative stress associated immunogenic response limits the extensive use of synthetic conducting polymers for SMTE. In order to address the limitations of synthetic polymers, intrinsically electroactive and antioxidant silk fibroin/melanin composite films and electrospun fiber mats were fabricated and evaluated as scaffolds for promoting myogenesis in vitro. Melanin incorporation modulated the thermal stability, electrical conductivity of scaffolds, fiber alignment in electrospun mats and imparted good antioxidant properties to the scaffolds. The composite electrospun scaffolds promoted myoblast assembly and differentiation into uniformly aligned high aspect ratio myotubes. The results highlight the significance of scaffold topography along with conductivity in promoting myogenesis and the potential application of silk nanofibrous composite as electoractive platform for SMTE.
Silver‐Catalyzed 7‐exo‐dig Cyclization of Silylenolether‐ynesulfonamides
Authors: Heinrich Clément F. , Fabre Indira , Miesch Laurence
Published: March 2016

Cyclization of silylenolether‐ynesulfonamides proceeds at ambient temperature under mild reaction conditions under silver catalysis. Bridged compounds were obtained exclusively through 7‐exo‐dig reactions. The protocol is applicable to a wide range of substrates, thus leading to azabicyclic frameworks.
Conversion of Nitric Oxide into Nitrous Oxide as Triggered by the Polarization of Coordinated NO by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Chuang Chuan‐Hung , Liaw Wen‐Feng , Hung Chen‐Hsiung
Published: March 2016

Reduction of the {Co(NO)}8 cobalt–nitrosyl N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) [Co(CTPPMe)(NO)] (1) produced electron‐rich {Co(NO)}9 [Co(CTPPMe)(NO)][Co(Cp*)2] (2), which was necessary for NO‐to‐N2O conversion. Complex 2 was NO‐reduction‐silent in neat THF, but was partially activated to a hydrogen‐bonded species 2⋅⋅⋅MeOH in THF/MeOH (1:1, v/v). This species coupling with 2 transformed NO into N2O, which was fragmented from an [N2O2]‐bridging intermediate. An intense IR peak at 1622 cm−1 was ascribed to ν(NO) in an [N2O2]‐containing intermediate. Time–course ESI(−) mass spectra supported the presence of the dimeric [Co(NCP)]2(N2O2) intermediate. Five complete NO‐to‐N2O conversion cycles were possible without significant decay in the amount of N2O produced.
Changes of probabilities in different wind grades induced by land use and cover change in Eastern China Plain during 1980–2011
Authors: Zha Jinlin , Wu Jian , Zhao Deming
Published: March 2016

The differences of the near‐surface wind speed (SWS) between the frictional wind model (FWM) and the observation are used to reflect the impacts of land use and cover change (LUCC) onSWSin Eastern China Plain (ECP). Results show thatLUCCmakes the range ofSWSnarrow, which had significantly weakening effect to stronger wind than weaker wind. In addition, the decrease of probabilities for observed gentle breeze (GB), moderate breeze (MB), and wind speed greater than or equal to 8 m s−1(WSGE8) are more significant in large cities than that in small cities.
Reduced goal‐directed action control in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Alvares Gail A. , Balleine Bernard W. , Whittle Lisa , Guastella Adam J.
Published: March 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions associated with persistent, stereotyped or repetitive actions, and patterns of interest that are maintained in spite of possible negative outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether impairments in the ability to execute flexible goal‐directed actions may be an underlying feature in ASD contributing to these symptoms. Young adults diagnosed with ASD were recruited along with controls and adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Participants were trained to make keyboard actions for food outcomes and then subsequently allowed to consume one outcome till satiety. As expected, this outcome devaluation procedure reduced subsequent responding for actions predicting the devalued outcome, while maintaining responding on the other still‐valued action, in controls. However, both ASD and SAD participants were unable to demonstrate flexible goal‐directed actions, and were insensitive to the change in outcome value on subsequent action control. This behavioral deficit was not due to impairments in appropriate contingency awareness, as all groups rated the devalued food outcome as less pleasant after devaluation. A lack of control over actions may underlie persistent and habitual actions in anxiety‐inducing contexts typical in both ASD and SAD, such as avoidance and safety behaviors. Using a translational behavioral paradigm, this study demonstrated that individuals with ASD are unable to use changes in the environment to flexibly update their behavior in the same context. This reduced behavioral control may underlie persistence of intrusive actions and restricted inflexible cognition, representing a specific area for targeted behavioral interventions. Autism Res 2016. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1285–1293. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visko‐elastisches Verhalten von Holz‐Klebstoff‐Verbindungen unter zyklischer Zug‐Druck‐Belastung
Authors: Zerbst David , Baensch Franziska , Pfriem Alexander , Niemz Peter
Published: March 2016

In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Prüfverfahren angewendet, das statische, zyklische Belastung von Klebstofffugen infolge Quellen und Schwinden des Holzes simuliert und plastische Verformungen im niedrigen Lastbereich aufzeigt. Es wurde das elastische Verhalten von Zugscher‐Prüfkörpern, welche aus Buchenholz verklebt mit drei verschiedenen Holz‐Klebstoff arten (MUF, PRF, PUR) hergestellt wurden, unter zyklischer Zug‐ und Druck‐Belastung untersucht und die Verlust‐ und Speicherenergie ausgewertet. Alle getesteten Verkle bungen wiesen bereits bei sehr niedrigem Lastniveau von 3 MPa viskose Anteile auf, die mit höherer Last zunahmen. Für die PRF‐Verklebung wurde bei der Laststufe von 7 MPa ein elastischeres Verhalten beobachtet als für die übrigen Ver klebungen. Die für die PUR‐Verklebung erfasste ansteigende Verlustenergie deutet auf eine Aufweichung der Klebstofffuge hin.
Synthesis and structural insight into ESX‐1 Substrate Protein C, an immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐secreted antigen
Authors: Son Soo Jung , Harris Paul W. R. , Squire Chris J. , Baker Edward N. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: March 2016

Tuberculosis, the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, is recognized as a major threat to human health due to a lack of practicable vaccines against the disease and the widespread occurrence of drug resistance. With a pressing need for a novel protein target as a platform for new vaccine development, ESX‐1 Substrate Protein C (EspC) was recently identified as a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐secreted antigen that is as immunodominant as the two specific immunodiagnostic T‐cell antigens, CFP‐10 and ESAT‐6. Here, we present the first chemical total synthesis, folding conditions, and circular dichroism data of EspC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 267–274, 2016.
Design and implementation of an interactive virtual control laboratory using haptic interface for undergraduate engineering students
Authors: Amirkhani Saeed , Nahvi Ali
Published: March 2016

In most engineering courses, students need to experience the theoretical issues discussed in the classrooms to gain a deeper understanding. The high cost of laboratory equipment deprives many educational institutions of delivering quality education. Virtual laboratories can alleviate this problem substantially. Virtual laboratories with audiovisual and force feedback make the understanding and analysis of many engineering courses possible. This paper presents the design and implementation of an interactive virtual control laboratory (IVCL) for university students studying engineering at the undergraduate level. In this laboratory, six experimental setups are designed and for each setup, five to six scenarios are considered. Therefore, a considerable amount of the classical concepts in control course and a selection of advanced concepts such as impedance control and fuzzy control are covered. Statistical analysis for both experimental and control groups’ pre‐test and post‐test indicates the effectiveness of this interactive virtual laboratory. For example, the mean scores for the experimental group was 21% higher in comparison with the control group and 18% higher in comparison with their own pre‐test. Also, according to students’ responses to survey questions, a laboratory program is necessary for the control course and interactive virtual laboratory can compensate lack of a real laboratory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:508–518, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21727
Is Consumer Culture Theory research or realpolitik? A sociology of knowledge analysis of a scientific culture
Authors: Ostergaard Per , Bode Matthias
Published: March 2016

When Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) was introduced by Arnould and Thompson () it was part of a strategy to create legitimacy for interpretive research. It was argued that interpretive researchers needed to be more pragmatic in their attitude. This was a fundamental change in the scientific culture in this stream of research. This paper analyses these changes and studies how CCT represents a new and pragmatic attitude. It is shown how the changes intended by CCT can imply a shift from a focus on new groundbreaking research to an awareness of the consequences of realpolitik. This strategic move can be seen as an example of how scientific cultures try to move from a marginal position to the mainstream. The consequences of this attempt to manage science are analysed, and solutions to problems created by these changes are developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity
Authors: Akpovwa Hephzibah
Published: March 2016

Viruses from the Filoviridae family, as many other virus families, require an acidic pH for successful infection and are therefore susceptible to the actions of 4‐aminoquinolines, such as chloroquine.

Although the mechanisms of action of chloroquine clearly indicate that it might inhibit filoviral infections, several clinical trials that attempted to use chloroquine in the treatment of other acute viral infections – including dengue and influenza A and B – caused by low pH‐dependent viruses, have reported that chloroquine had no clinical efficacy, and these results demoted chloroquine from the potential treatments for other virus families requiring low pH for infectivity.

The present review is aimed at investigating whether chloroquine could combat the present Ebola virus epidemic, and also at exploring the main reasons for the reported lack of efficacy. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, reference list of articles and textbooks – Fields Virology (Volumes 1and 2), the cytokine handbook, Pharmacology in Medicine: Principles and Practice, and hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy.

The present analysis concludes that (1) chloroquine might find a place in the treatment of Ebola, either as a monotherapy or in combination therapies; (2) the ineffectiveness of chloroquine, or its analogue, hydroxychloroquine, at treating infections from low pH‐dependent viruses is a result of the failure to attain and sustain a steady state concentration sufficient to increase and keep the pH of the acidic organelles to approximately neutral levels; (3) to successfully treat filoviral infections – or other viral infections that emerge or emerged from low pH‐dependent viruses – a steady state chloroquine plasma concentration of at least 1 µg/mL(~3.125 μM/L) or a whole blood concentration of 16 μM/L must be achieved and be sustained until the patients' viraemia becomes undetectable. These concentrations, however, do not rule out the efficacy of other, higher, steady state concentrations – although such concentrations might be accompanied by severe adverse effects or toxicities. The feasibility of the conclusion in the preceding texts has recently been supported by a subsequent study that shows that amodiaquine, a derivative of CQ, is able to protect humans infected with Ebola from death.
CRAFT seeks to involve parents of addicts to foster treatment engagement
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2016

At first glance, CRAFT — Community Reinforcement and Family Training — sounds a lot like the psychotherapy discussed by addiction guru Alan Marlatt, Ph.D., who is perhaps best known for his work showing that zero tolerance for alcohol consumption in colleges contributed to alcohol poisoning deaths because students were afraid to call for medical help. Like Marlatt, who died in 2011, proponents of CRAFT refer to their work as “harm‐reduction psychotherapy.” But any comparisons to Marlatt's work, which was with patients, not family members, ends there.
Childhood should not be risk‐free
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: March 2016

During a recent episode of procrastinating on the Internet, I came across an advertisement for Thudguard, a protective helmet for babies learning to walk. I'm not making this up: its motto is “You take the first step and protect your toddler's brain.” It turns out that not only does a walking helmet for normal toddlers exist, but Thudguard has a lot of competition on eBay.
Why Does the Intramolecular Trimethylene‐Bridged Frustrated Lewis Pair Mes2PCH2CH2CH2B(C6F5)2 Not Activate Dihydrogen?
Authors: Özgün Thomas , Ye Ke‐Yin , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Wibbeling Birgit , Liu Lei , Grimme Stefan , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: March 2016

The methyl labelled C3‐bridged frustrated phosphane borane Lewis pair (P/B FLP) 2 b was prepared by treatment of Mes2PCl with a methallyl Grignard reagent followed by anti‐Markovnikov hydroboration with Piers’ borane [HB(C6F5)2)]. The FLP 2 b is inactive toward dihydrogen under typical ambient conditions, in contrast to the C2‐ and C4‐bridged FLP analogues. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy showed that this was not due to kinetically hindered P⋅⋅⋅B dissociation of 2 b. DFT calculations showed that the hydrogen‐splitting reaction of the parent compound 2 a is markedly endergonic. The PH+/BH− H2‐splitting product of 2 b was indirectly synthesized by a sequence of H+/H− addition. It lost H2 at ambient conditions and confirmed the result of the DFT analysis.
A General Palladium‐Catalyzed Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides
Authors: Yuen On Ying , So Chau Ming , Man Ho Wing , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: March 2016

A general palladium‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides with aryl and heteroaryl trialkoxysilanes by a Pd(OAc)2/L2 catalytic system is presented. A newly developed water addition protocol can dramatically improve the product yields. The conjugation of the Pd/L2 system and the water addition protocol can efficiently catalyze a broad range of electron‐rich, ‐neutral, ‐deficient, and sterically hindered aryl chlorides and heteroaryl chlorides with excellent yields within three hours and the catalyst loading can be down to 0.05 mol % Pd for the first time. Hiyama coupling of heteroaryl chlorides with heteroaryl silanes is also reported for the first time. The reaction can be easily scaled up 200 times (100 mmol) without any degasification and purification of reactants; this facilitates the practical application in routine synthesis.
Catalyst‐Free Three‐Component Tandem CDC Cyclization: Convenient Access to Isoindolinones from Aromatic Acid, Amides, and DMSO by a Pummerer‐Type Rearrangement
Authors: Wang Peng‐Min , Pu Fan , Liu Ke‐Yan , Li Chao‐Jun , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Shi Xian‐Ying , Fan Juan , Yang Ming‐Yu , Wei Jun‐Fa
Published: March 2016

A catalyst‐free multicomponent CDC reaction is rarely reported, especially for the intermolecular tandem CDC cyclization, which represents an important strategy for constructing cyclic compounds. Herein, a three‐component tandem CDC cyclization by a Pummerer‐type rearrangement to afford biologically relevant isoindolinones from aromatic acids, amides, and DMSO, is described. This intermolecular tandem reaction undergoes a C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, C−N bond formation, and intramolecular amidation. A notable feature of this novel protocol is avoiding a catalyst and additive (apart from oxidant).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INTENSITY IN THE RESONANCE RAMAN EFFECT PART 1, THE DIATOMIC MOLECULE IN THE HARMONIC POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION
Authors: KOBINATA SHUNSUKE
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von den Kramers‐Heisenberg‐Dispersionsgleichungen unter Bezug auf ein zweiatomiges Molekül in harmonischer Potentialnäherung werden Beziehungen für die Raman‐Intensitäten der Grund‐ und Überschwingungen abgeleitet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ZR(OH)2SO4.H2O
Authors: HANSSON MARGARETA
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 6,497; b = 12,460; c = 6,826 Å, β = 96,31°, Z=4 in C2/c. Ihre Struktur besteht aus fast ebenen, unendlichen [Zr(0H)2]n2n+‐Ketten, die in einer Richtung von Sulfatgruppen zusammengehalten werden und damit Schichten bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: FAR INFRARED SPECTRA AND SUBSTITUTION REACTION MECHANISM IN COMPLEXES OF THE TYPE (M(NH3)5H2O)(3+) (WITH M=CO, RH, IR)
Authors: GATTEGNO D. , MONACELLI F.
Published: March 2016

Die FIR‐Spektren der Komplexe (I) wurden aufgenommen und die Banden zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORO COMPLEXES OF GOLD IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: SUAREZ T. E. , IWAMOTO R. T. , KLEINBERG J.
Published: March 2016

Potentiometrisch wurden die schrittweisen Bildungskonstanten von AuCl bzw. AuCl; in Dimethylsulfoxid zu 1010:9 bzw. 105 7 bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES OF NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE AND DINITROGEN TETRAFLUORIDE
Authors: DEAN CHRISTOPHER R. S. , FINCH ARTHUR , GARDNER PETER J.
Published: March 2016

Die Löslichkeiten von NF3 (298‐3 18 K) und vonN2F4 (288‐318 K) in Wasser werden bestimmt und die Lösungsenthalpien und ‐entropien ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASENZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER ELEKTRODENPASTEN VON BLEIAKKUMULATOREN
Authors: RUSIN A. I. , DASOYAN M. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Phasenzusammensetzung der aus stark dxidiertem Pb‐Pulver mit wäßriger H2SO4‐ Lösung erhaltenen Pasten ist stark von den Herstellungs‐ und Verarbeitungsbedingungen ( ;z.B. Pb/H2SO4‐ Verhältnis, Trocknungsbehandlung) abhängig.
ChemInform Abstract: ADSORPTION VON (51)CRO4(2‐) AN FRISCH GEFAELLTEM BARIUMSULFAT
Authors: WINZER ACHIM , GEYER RUDOLF
Published: March 2016

Die Adsorption von Tracermengen slCrOä′ an frisch gefalltem BaSO4 wird in Abhängigkeit vom Reifungs‐ und Alterungsgrad untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASSIGNMENT OF INNER‐ AND OUTER‐SPHERE MECHANISMS TO THE VANADIUM(II) REDUCTIONS OF HALOGENOPENTA‐AMMINECOBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: HYDE MICHAEL R. , TAYLOR ROGER S. , SYKES A. GEOFFREY
Published: March 2016

Obgleich die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten bei 25°C für die V2+‐Reduktion von Co(NH3)5F2+ (I), Co(NH3)5Cl2+ (II), Co(NH3)5Br2+ (III) und CO(NH3)5J2+ (IV) eine systematische Folge bilden, muß aus den Aktivierungsparametern für (I) im Vergleich zu (II), (III) und (IV) ein unterschiedlicher Mechanismus gefolgert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLIKATIONSEFFEKT BEI DER SENSIBILISIERUNG ORGANISCHER MOLEKUELKRISTALLE DURCH INDUZIERTE FELDEMISSION
Authors: KILLESREITER H.
Published: March 2016

Die Quantenausbeute für den sensibilisierten Photostrom bei einer aus einem p‐Chloranilkristall und monomolekularen Schichten von Cyaninfarbstoffen und Fettsäuren bestehenden sandwichartigen Anordnung mit aufgedampften Al‐Elektroden ist bis zu mehreren Größenordnungen größer als eins.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SEVEN‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES, THE 1,3‐DIOXACYCLOHEPTANES, PROTON AND CARBON‐13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: GIANNI M. H. , SAAVEDRA J. , SAVOY J.
Published: March 2016

Die NMR‐Spektren und Konformationen der nach beschriebenen Verfahren erhaltenen D?ioxa‐cycloheptane (I)‐(IV) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL FLUORINATION OF GASES PART 8, THE FLUORINATION OF CARBONYL SULFIDE
Authors: NAGASE SHUNJI , BABA HAJIME , KODAIRA KAZUO , ABE TAKASHI
Published: March 2016

Die elektrochemische Fluorierung der Titelverbindung mit HF in der Gasphase führt zu Carbonylfluorid und Schwefelhexafluorid als Hauptprodukten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROSYNTHESE SYMMETRISCHER UND UNSYMMETRISCHER SULFONE
Authors: KNITTEL D. , KASTENING B.
Published: March 2016

Sulfone lassen sich durch kathodische Reduktion von SO2 in Gegenwart elektrophiler Substratmoleküle synthetisieren, so z.B. Allylmethylsulfon aus S02, Allylbromid und Methylbromid oder Allylchlorid und Methyljodid.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION AND RETRODIENE REACTION OF 1,4‐BIS(METHOXYCARBONYL)‐BICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTA‐2,5‐DIENE
Authors: WARREN C. B. , BLOOMFIELD J. J. , CHICKOS J. S. , ROUSE R. A.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Cyclohexadiendicarbonsäureester (I) und Maleinsäureanhydrid (II) entsteht das Addukt (III), das bei der in einer ausführlich beschriebenen Apparatur durchgeführten elektrochemischen Decarboxylierung das Bis‐methoxycarbonyl‐bicyclooctadien (IV) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF CYCLOHEPTATRIENE AND NITROSOBENZENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ITO SHO , NARITA SEN‐ICHI , ENDO KATSUYA
Published: March 2016

Cycloheptatrien (I) reagiert mit den Nitrosobenzolen (II) in Chloroform bei Abwesenheit von Licht unter einer Stickstoffatmosphäre zu den [6 + 2]‐Cycloaddukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: KONDENSATIONSPRODUKTE VON ALKYL‐PHENYLKETONEN
Authors: KOESTER R. , POURZAL A.‐A.
Published: March 2016

Alkyl‐phenylketone (I) können in sehr guten bis nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten beim Erhitzen auf 90‐100°C in Gegenwart von Diäthylboryl‐pivalat (II) zu (ms‐ungesättigten Ketonen (V) kondensiert werden, wobei pro Mol Keton ein Mol Äthan (III) abgespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SEMMLER‐WOLFF‐AROMATISATION AND ABNORMAL BECKMANN AND SCHMIDT REACTIONS OF 3‐ALKYL‐4‐OXO‐1‐PHENYL‐4,5,6,7‐TETRAHYDROINDAZOLES AND THEIR OXIMES IN POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID
Authors: NUNN ARTHUR J. , ROWELL FREDERICK J.
Published: March 2016

Die 2‐Acyl‐cyclohexandione‐(1,3) (Darstellung angegeben) wurden mit Hydrazinen zu den Indazolonen (II) cyclisiert und dann zu den Oximen (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION ANIONISCHER SIGMA‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: KALINKIN M. I. , PARNES Z. N. , PUZANOVA V. E. , KHMELINSKAYA A. D. , SHEIN S. M. , KURSANOV D. N.
Published: March 2016

Der aus Trinitrobenzol und Aceton in Gegenwart von Na‐methylat entstehende Komplex (I) läßt sich mit Oxidationsmitteln wie Tropyliumtetrafluoroborat, 2,3‐Dichlor‐ 5,6‐dicyanbenzochinon, HClO, HBrO, HJO, Br2, J 2 und Ce(IV)‐Salzen glatt zum Trinitrophenylaceton (II) oxidieren; als Oxidationsmittel ebenfalls geeignet sind auch Chloranil, PbO2, C12, H2O2, Ag‐ und Fe(III)‐Salze.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROALLYLATION OF OLEFINS VIA HYDROBORATION OF PROPARGYL CHLORIDE
Authors: ZWEIFEL G. , HORNG A.
Published: March 2016

Die Dialkylborane (I) lassen sich an Propargylchlorid (II) zu 3‐Chlor‐1‐propenylboranen (III) addieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBANIONS PART 25, THE REACTION OF VARIOUS ORGANOCOPPER REAGENTS WITH ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: HOUSE H. O. , UMEN M. J.
Published: March 2016

Zunächst wird die Struktur von Organo‐lithium‐cupraten und ihr Kiistallzustand diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐CATALYZED HYDROGEN‐DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF LONG‐CHAIN ALKYLDIMETHYLSULFONIUM HALIDES
Authors: YANO Y. , OKONOGI T. , TAGAKI W.
Published: March 2016

Für die Alkyldimethylsulfoniumhalogenide (I) wird der H‐D‐Austausch in Gegenwart von Basen in Abhängigkeit von den Alkylresten bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: HERSTELLUNG VON (ALPHA‐DIFLUORAMINO‐ALKYL)‐ALKYL‐AETHER
Authors: FOKIN A. V. , KOSYREV YU. M. , SHEVCHENKO V. I.
Published: March 2016

α‐Difluoraminoalkohole (I) setzen sich mit aliphatischen Alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Schwefelsäure zu den gemischten Äthern (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: BIFUNKTIONELLE PERFLUORCARBONSAEURE‐DERIVATE 3. MITT. THERMOGRAPHISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER REAKTION MIT BENZOTRICHLORID UND P‐BIS‐(TRICHLORMETHYL)‐BENZOL
Authors: GUBANOV V. A. , FEDOROVA G. B. , DOLGOPOL'SKII I. M. , GRACHEVA P. E.
Published: March 2016

Die unter Bildung der Säurechloride (III) verlaufenden Reaktionen der Perfluordicarbonsäurederivate (I) mit "den Trifluormethylbenzolen (II) wird differentialthermoanalytisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC REACTIONS OF N‐HYDROXYIMIDE‐O‐TRIFLATES
Authors: CHAPMAN T. M. , FREEDMAN E. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktionen der O‐TrifluormethylsuIfonyl‐N‐hydroxy‐imide (I), (VIII) und (X) mit verschiedenen nucleophilen Reagentien werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HERSTELLUNG UND VALENZISOMERISIERUNG VON DIEN‐BETA‐KETOESTERN
Authors: KRASNAYA ZH. A. , PROKOF'EV E. P. , ZARIPOVA M. SH. , KUCHEROV V. F.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung von Dimethyl‐acrolein (I) und Acetessigester (II) erhält man 3‐ Carbäthoxy‐6‐methyl‐3,5‐heptadien‐2‐on (III) als Gemisch seiner cis‐trans‐Isomeren (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATED ESTERS STABLE TO FLUORIDE ION
Authors: MAJID A. , SHREEVE J. M.
Published: March 2016

Da Perfluorcarbonsäureester mit einem α‐Fluoratom der Art (I) in Gegenwart von Cäsiumfluorid nicht beständig sind, werden aus den Carbinolen (V) die Ester (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE VON BETA‐CHLORSULFENYL‐CARBONSAEUREN UND IHRE UMSETZUNGEN MIT NUCLEOPHILEN REAGENTIEN
Authors: VASIL'EVA T. P. , LIN'KOVA M. G. , KIL'DISHEVA O. V. , KNUNYANTS I. L.
Published: March 2016

β‐Chlorsulfenyl‐propionsäure‐methylester (I) setzen sich mit flüssigem Schwefelwasserstoff quantitativ zu den Trisulfiden (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: WANDERUNG DER ALKYLTHIO‐GRUPPE BEI DER ABSPALTUNG VON THIOLEN AUS 1,1,3‐TRIS‐ALKYLTHIO‐PROPANEN
Authors: ATAVIN A. S. , MIKHALEVA A. I. , PESTUNOVICH V. A. , CHEBOTAREVA E. G. , KAIGORODOVA V. I. , TROFIMOV B. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von 1,1,3‐Tris‐tert.‐butylthio‐propan (Ia) mit Diäthylphosphit bei 120°C liefert ein Gemisch von 1,3‐Di‐tert.‐buytylthio‐1‐propen (IIa) und 1,2‐Di‐tert.‐ butylthio‐1‐propen (IIIa) im Verhältnis 90: l0 mit 80% Gesamtausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: BETA‐CHLORALKYLISOCYANATE
Authors: BAL'ON YA. G. , PARANYUK V. E.
Published: March 2016

Eine Addition von N,N‐Dichlor‐urethan (II) an die Olefine (I) in siedendem Benzol liefert die N‐Chloralkyl‐N‐chlor‐urethane (III), die unter der Einwirkung von PCl5 in POCl3 bei 85°C glatt in die Chloralkylisocyanate (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON TRANS‐BICYCLO(10,1,0)TRIDECANON‐(2)
Authors: BALENKOVA E. S. , KARAMYSHEVA L. A.
Published: March 2016

Das durch Allylbromierung von cis‐Cyclododecen mit N‐Bromsuccinimid dargestellte Bromcyclododecen (I) läßt sich durch Behandlung mit NaHCO3 in siedendem wäßrigem Aceton in den Alkohol (II) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE UMWANDLUNGEN 50. MITT. BINORBORNADIENYLIDEN, BIQUADRICYCLANYLIDEN
Authors: SAUTER HUBERT , HOERSTER HEINZ‐GUENTHER , PRINZBACH HORST
Published: March 2016

Biquadricyclanyliden (V) wird aus Quadricyclanon (I) nach der Thiadiazolidinmethode synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF THIOPYRYLIUM CATIONS WITH AMINES
Authors: YOSHIDA Z.‐I. , SUGIMOTO H. , SUGIMOTO T. , YONEDA S.
Published: March 2016

Die Thiapyrylium‐Salze (I) reagieren mit sekundären Aminen (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den Spaltprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTHESE VON NOTHOSMYRNOL
Authors: FUJITA H. , YAMASHITA M.
Published: March 2016

Resorcin (I) wird mit Zinkcyanid in Gegenwart von trockenem Chlorwasserstoff zu dem Aldehyd (II) umgesetzt, der durch Behandlung mit Dimethylsulfat in Gegenwart von Natronlauge methyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON N‐(BETA‐HALOGENAETHYL)‐CARBONSAEUREAMIDEN MIT DIAETHYLAMIN
Authors: CASSEBAUM H. , UHLIG K.
Published: March 2016

Angesichts der pharmazeutischen Bedeutung einer Reihe von Carbonsäureamiden vom Typ (III) wird die Reaktion der N‐(β‐Chlor‐äthyl)‐carbonsäureamide (I) mit Diäthylamin (II) zwecks Ermittlung des Verhältnisses an gebildetem Amid (III) und Oxazolin (IV) näher untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUKTE DER DIEN‐ADDITION VON ACRYLSAEURE AN EINIGE 2‐ALKYLMERCAPTO‐FURANE
Authors: GOL'DFARB YA. L. , MARAKATKINA M. A. , DANYUSHEVSKII YA. L.
Published: March 2016

Die Addition von Acrylsäure (II) an die Alkylmercaptofurane (I) in siedendem Benzol (Zusatz von Hydrochinon) liefert Gemische der Alkylmercaptobenzoesäuren (III) mit den Alkylmercaptobenzolen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: BIS‐ADDUCTS FROM THE REACTION OF ALIPHATIC ACYL CYANIDES WITH AROMATIC SUBSTRATES
Authors: BANUCCI E. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Kondensation von Acylnitrilen wie Carbonylnitril (I) oder Brenztraubensäurenitril (IV) mit Phenolen (II) oder Phenoläthern in Gegenwart von Schwefelsäure, Polyphosphorsäure oder Bortrifluorid sowie 3‐Mercaptopropionthiosäure führt zu den Bis‐Addukten (H1) bzw. (V), von denen (Va) auch auf unabhängigem Wege synthetisiert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON YLIDES, CARBONYL OLEFINATION WITH (P‐NITROBENZYLIDENE)TRIPHENYLARSENANE
Authors: KENDURKAR P. S. , TEWARI R. S.
Published: March 2016

Beim Erwärmen von Triphenylarsin (I) und p‐Nitrobenzylbromid (II) in siedendem Benzol entsteht in 4 Stunden Reaktionszeit das Bromid (III) mit 80% Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: LAYERED COMPOUNDS 15. MITT. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYERED CYCLOPHANES
Authors: OTSUBO TETSUO , MIZOGAMI SHIGEYOSHI , OTSUBO IKUKO , TOZUKA ZENZABURO , SAKAGAMI AKIKO , SAKATA YOSHITERU , MISUMI SOICHI
Published: March 2016

Das bei der 1,6‐Hofmann‐Eliminierung aus den Ammoniumhydroxiden (I) und (II) l als Hauptprodukt erhaltene Paracyclophan (III) wird in das quaternäre Ammoniumsalz (IVa) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF DIETHYL 2‐CHLORO‐ AND DIETHYL 2‐METHOXY‐AZULENE‐1,3‐DICARBOXYLATES WITH GRIGNARD REAGENTS
Authors: ABE N. , TAKASE K.
Published: March 2016

Im Anschluß an frühere Untersuchungen über Grignard‐Additionsreaktionen bei Azulenen in 2‐, 4‐ und/oder 6‐Stellung wird zunächst 2‐Chlor‐azulen‐1,3‐dicarbonester (I) mit Phenylmagnesiumbromid (II) umgesetzt und nach Oxidation mit Tetrachlor‐0‐benzochinon ein Gemisch der beiden Isomeren (III) und (IV) erhalten, ohne daß ein Angriff auf das Chloratom erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIREKTE SYNTHESE VON BROMACENAPHTHENEN 4. MITT. SYNTHESE VON ACENAPHTHENCHINON UND SEINEN HALOGENDERIVATEN
Authors: PETRENKO G. P. , TERENT'EVA G. N. , USACHENKO V. G.
Published: March 2016

Die 1‐Bromacenaphthylene (I) reagieren mit Br, in Benzol oder Chloroform bei 20°C zu den 1,2‐Dibromacenaphthylenen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐HYDROXY‐2‐PHENYLAZO‐ANTHRACENE AUS 1,3‐ANTHRACHINON UND ARYLHYDRAZINEN
Authors: MORGENSTERN J. , TONTSCHEFF N. , MAYER R.
Published: March 2016

Die bisher unbekannten Phenylazoanthracene (I) sind durch Kondensation von 1,2‐Anthrachinon mit äquivalenten Mengen des jeweiligen Arylhydrazins in Eisessig (30°C) zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DES PYRENS 20. MITT. PHOTOCHROMIE VON 1‐PHENOXY‐2,3‐PHTHALOYL‐PYREN UND SEINEN DERIVATEN
Authors: GERASIMENKO YU. E. , POTELESHCHENKO N. T.
Published: March 2016

(′ 0 ′ Durch Kondensation des Trichlorphthaloylpyrens (I) mit den Phenolen (II) in Gegenwart von KOH bei 60‐185°C werden die Aryloxyderivate (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS, THE SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALPHA‐ AND BETA‐RETUSANECIC ACIDS
Authors: KIYOOKA SHUN'ICHI , HASE TSUNAO
Published: March 2016

Addition von HCN an das Malonat (I) liefert das Cyanolacton (IIa), das nach üblicher Methode in den Ester (IIb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: VEREINFACHTE SYNTHESE EINER CYCLOBUTADIEN‐VORSTUFE DURCH THERMOLYSE EINES HOCHGESPANNTEN 3,2,2‐PROPELLANS
Authors: MARTIN H.‐D. , HEKMAN M.
Published: March 2016

Der aus Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester (I) und Tricarbonylcyclobutadieneisen (II) zugängliche Tetracyclodecadien‐dicarbonsäureester (IIIa) wird mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid in Äther zum Diol (IIIb) reduziert und mit einer äquimolaren Menge p‐Toluolsulfonsäurechlorid (IV) ins Monotosylat (V) und den Äther (VI) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF THE 3A,8A‐DIHYDROFURO(2,3‐B)BENZOFURAN‐2(3H)‐ONE AND 1,3,3A,8A‐TETRAHYDRO‐2H‐BENZOFURO(2,3‐B)PYRROL‐2‐ONE RING SYSTEMS FROM 4‐FORMYLCOUMARIN VIA ACYLLACTONE AND IMINELACTONE REARRANGEMENTS
Authors: CONNOR D. T. , STRANDTMANN M. VON
Published: March 2016

Aus 4‐Formyl‐cumarin (I) erhält man bei der Reduktion und Umlagerung mit Zink in Eisessig unter Acyllacton‐Umlagerung über die Zwischenstufen (II), (III) und (IV) das Furo‐benzofuranon (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON 3,4‐EPOXI‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDROTHIOPHEN‐1,1‐DIOXID MIT SCHWEFELTETRAFLUORID
Authors: GOLIKOV V. I. , ALEKSANDROV A. M. , ALEKSEEVA L. A. , BEZMENOVA T. E. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: March 2016

Das Epoxid (I) reagiert mit SF4 in Methylenchlorid bei 100°C (Reaktionsdauer 96 Std.) zum Difluortetrahydrothiophendioxid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE UMSETZUNGEN VON TERT.‐BUTYL‐3‐THIENYLSULFID
Authors: GOL'DFARB YA. L. , STOYANOVICH F. M. , CHERMANOVA G. B.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Bromierung von tert.‐Butyl‐3‐thienylsulfid (I) mit Bromid‐Bromat in salzsäurehaltiger Essigsäure erhält man das (2‐Brom‐3‐thienyl)‐sulfid (II), das mit Rhodan in Gegenwart von Aluminiumchlorid nicht die Verbindung (IV), SOHÖCIH BiS‐(2‐br0mr3‐ thienyl)‐disulfid (III) liefert,das mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Essigsäure zum Thiol‐sulfonat (V) oxidiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOMETHANOLYSIS OF A VINYL SULFIDE
Authors: SCHULTZ A. G. , SCHLESSINGER R. H.
Published: March 2016

Die Photolyse des früher beschriebenen Sulfoxides (II) liefert das kondensierte Naphthothiophen (I), die Pummerer‐Reaktion von (II) in Acetanhydrid führt zu einem cyclischen Vinylsulfid (III), das bei der Photolyse in Methanol zum Äther (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF THE MANNICH REACTION TO 1‐AZAAZULAN‐2‐ONE, SYNTHESES OF SEVEN‐MEMBERED ANALOGUES OF TRYPTOPHAN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: SATO AKIRA , NOZOE SHIGEO , TODA TAKASHI , SETO SHUICHI , NOZOE TETSUO
Published: March 2016

Die Mannich‐Reaktion des Azaazulanons (I) mit den Basen (II) liefert die Aminomethylderivate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (1,3‐DITHIOLAN‐2‐YL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM IODIDE, AN ELECTROPHILIC DITHIOLANYLATING REAGENT
Authors: HIRATANI KAZUHISA , NAKAI TAKESHI , OKAWARA MAKOTO
Published: March 2016

Das mit Methyljodid aus 2‐Dimethylamino‐dithiolan entstandene Dithiolanylammoniumjodid (I) liefert mit den Aminen (II) die Dithiolane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3‐DITHIOLANONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: SATSUMABAYASHI S. , TAKAHASHI H. , TANAKA T. , MOTOKI S.
Published: March 2016

Äthandithiol (I) reagiert mit Phosgen (II) zum 1,3‐Dithiolan‐2‐on (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON PHENYLGLYOXAL‐CARBONSAEUREAMID‐KONDENSATIONSPRODUKTEN MIT THIONYLCHLORID UND PHOSPHORPENTACHLORID
Authors: DRACH B. S. , DOLGUSHINA I. YU. , SINITSA A. D.
Published: March 2016

Die bei der Kondensation äquimolarer Mengen von Phenylglyoxal (I) und der Amide (II) entstehenden Amidohydroxyketone (III) gehen unter der Einwirkung von PCl5 bei 100°C glatt in die Chloroxazole (IV) über.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYL AND 1,2‐DIALKYLPROPANESULTAMS
Authors: KOBAYASHI M. , OKAHARA M. , KOMORI S. , AGAWA T.
Published: March 2016

Die durch UV‐Bestrahlung mögliche Addition von N‐Bromsulfonamiden (I) an O1efine wie 1‐Hexen (II) liefert Addukte (III), die nach Metallierung mit n‐Butyllithium in Tetrahydrofuran intramolekular zu Propansultamen (IV) cyclisieren.