bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homogenized total ozone data records from the European sensors GOME/ERS‐2, SCIAMACHY/Envisat, and GOME‐2/MetOp‐A
Authors: Lerot C. , Van Roozendael M. , Spurr R. , Loyola D. , Coldewey‐Egbers M. , Kochenova S. , van Gent J. , Koukouli M. , Balis D. , Lambert J.‐C. , Granville J. , Zehner C.
Published: November 2013

Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative, total ozone column records from GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY), and GOME‐2 have been reprocessed with GODFIT version 3 (GOME‐type Direct FITting). This algorithm is based on the direct fitting of reflectances simulated in the Huggins bands to the observations. We report on new developments in the algorithm from the version implemented in the operational GOME Data Processor v5. The a priori ozone profile database TOMSv8 is now combined with a recently compiled OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone climatology to improve the representativeness of a priori information. The Ring procedure that corrects simulated radiances for the rotational Raman inelastic scattering signature has been improved using a revised semi‐empirical expression. Correction factors are also applied to the simulated spectra to account for atmospheric polarization. In addition, the computational performance has been significantly enhanced through the implementation of new radiative transfer tools based on principal component analysis of the optical properties. Furthermore, a soft‐calibration scheme for measured reflectances and based on selected Brewer measurements has been developed in order to reduce the impact of level‐1 errors. This soft‐calibration corrects not only for possible biases in backscattered reflectances, but also for artificial spectral features interfering with the ozone signature. Intersensor comparisons and ground‐based validation indicate that these ozone data sets are of unprecedented quality, with stability better than 1% per decade, a precision of 1.7%, and systematic uncertainties less than 3.6% over a wide range of atmospheric states.
Efficient Si Nanowire Array Transfer via Bi‐Layer Structure Formation Through Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Moon Taeho , Chen Lin , Choi Shinhyun , Kim Chunjoong , Lu Wei
Published: November 2013

Nanowires (NWs) have shown great potential for applications in flexible and transparent electronics. The main challenges lie in improving the transfer yield and reducing the cost of NW fabrication. Here, it is shown that a bilayer SiNW structure can spontaneously form during metal‐assisted chemical etching (MaCE). The bilayer structure formation is in turn accompanied by horizontal weak point formation that facilitates efficient nanowire transfer to diverse substrates. A mass‐transport model is developed to explain the bilayer structure and horizontal crack formation effects. Significantly, these results allow repeated SiNW etch/transfer from the same Si wafer, thus potentially greatly reducing the fabrication cost of NW‐based electronics. SiNW array‐based transistors fabricated from two sequential etch/transfer processes using a single wafer are successfully demonstrated on Si and plastic substrates.
Enamel‐renal‐gingival syndrome and FAM20A mutations
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Kaewgahya Massupa , Khemaleelakul Udomrat , Dejkhamron Prapai , Sutthimethakorn Suchitra , Thongboonkerd Visith , Iamaroon Anak
Published: November 2013

The enamel‐renal syndrome of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and nephrocalcinosis, and the amelogenesis imperfecta‐gingival fibromatosis syndrome have both been associated with mutations in FAM20A. We report on two unrelated Thai patients with three novel and one previously reported mutations in FAM20A with findings suggesting both disorders, including hypoplastic AI, gingival fibromatosis, unerupted teeth, aggressive periodontitis, and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis. Additional findings consisted of a supernumerary premolar, localized aggressive periodontitis, thin alveolar bone, vitamin D deficiency‐associated hyperparathyroidism, and heterotopic calcification in other tissues, including lungs, dental pulp, gingiva, dental follicles, and periodontal tissues, and early cessation of limited menstruation. Greater promotory activity of urine on calcium oxalate crystal growth compared to controls may help to explain the pathogenesis, and suggest that FAM20A mutations can contribute to nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of FAM20A mutations. Since both of our patients and a large number of previously reported cases had all the important features of both syndromes, including AI, renal anomalies, and gingival fibromatosis, we are convinced that these two disorders actually are the same entity. The name of enamel‐renal‐gingival syndrome is suggested. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Academia.edu: Social network or Academic Network?
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Kousha Kayvan
Published: November 2013

Academic social network sites Academia.edu and ResearchGate, and reference sharing sites Mendeley, Bibsonomy, Zotero, and CiteULike, give scholars the ability to publicize their research outputs and connect with each other. With millions of users, these are a significant addition to the scholarly communication and academic information‐seeking eco‐structure. There is thus a need to understand the role that they play and the changes, if any, that they can make to the dynamics of academic careers. This article investigates attributes of philosophy scholars on Academia.edu, introducing a median‐based, time‐normalizing method to adjust for time delays in joining the site. In comparison to students, faculty tend to attract more profile views but female philosophers did not attract more profile views than did males, suggesting that academic capital drives philosophy uses of the site more than does friendship and networking. Secondary analyses of law, history, and computer science confirmed the faculty advantage (in terms of higher profile views) except for females in law and females in computer science. There was also a female advantage for both faculty and students in law and computer science as well as for history students. Hence, Academia.edu overall seems to reflect a hybrid of scholarly norms (the faculty advantage) and a female advantage that is suggestive of general social networking norms. Finally, traditional bibliometric measures did not correlate with any Academia.edu metrics for philosophers, perhaps because more senior academics use the site less extensively or because of the range informal scholarly activities that cannot be measured by bibliometric methods.
Allyloxyporphyrin‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis by Radical Polymerization and Enhanced Optical‐Limiting Properties
Authors: Wang Aijian , Fang Yu , Yu Wang , Long Lingliang , Song Yinglin , Zhao Wei , Cifuentes Marie P. , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2013

Allyloxyporphyrin‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐TPP) were synthesized by radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, UV/Vis absorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; elemental analysis; TEM; and thermogravimetric analysis. Z‐scan studies revealed that this nanohybrid exhibits enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties compared to a control sample consisting of a covalently unattached physical blend of MWCNTs and porphyrin, as well as to the separate MWCNTs and porphyrin. At the wavelengths used, the mechanism of enhanced optical limiting likely involves reverse saturable absorption, nonlinear scattering, and photoinduced electron/energy transfer between the MWCNTs and the porphyrin. The role of electron/energy transfer in the NLO performance of MWCNT‐TPP was investigated by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Risk factors and demographics for microtia in South America: A case–control analysis
Authors: Luquetti Daniela V. , Saltzman Babette S. , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge , Graça Dutra Maria da , Castilla Eduardo E.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

The etiopathogenesis of microtia is still unknown in the majority of the cases, particularly for individuals presenting with isolated microtia. Our aim was to evaluate potential risk factors for this condition using a case–control approach.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 1,194 live births with isolated microtia enrolled in the ECLAMC study (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) from 1982 to 2011 and their respective controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with logistic regression models along with 95% confidence intervals for the resulting OR estimates controlling for the effects of potential confounders (sex, maternal age, hospital, and year of birth) for an adjusted OR (aOR).

RESULTS

Multiparity was associated with a higher risk of microtia compared with primiparity (aOR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.8), with women who had eight or more prior pregnancies having the highest risk (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6–5.2). Women who presented with cold‐like symptoms were at higher risk for microtia (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–3.9) as well as those that used tobacco or alcohol during pregnancy (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6 and aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9–2.1, respectively). The association with alcohol use appeared to be limited to those women who reported binge drinking during pregnancy (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7–3.1). Cases from hospitals at low altitude (<2500 m) tended to have more severe types of microtia than those from hospitals at high altitude.

CONCLUSION

These results support the hypothesis that, in addition to teratogens, other nongenetic risk factors contribute to the occurrence of isolated microtia. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:736–743, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noninvasive detection of lung cancer using exhaled breath
Authors: Fu Xiao‐An , Li Mingxiao , Knipp Ralph J. , Nantz Michael H. , Bousamra Michael
Published: November 2013

Early detection of lung cancer is a key factor for increasing the survival rates of lung cancer patients. The analysis of exhaled breath is promising as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for diagnosis of lung cancer. We demonstrate the quantitative analysis of carbonyl volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and identification of lung cancer VOC markers in exhaled breath using unique silicon microreactor technology. The microreactor consists of thousands of micropillars coated with an ammonium aminooxy salt for capture of carbonyl VOCs in exhaled breath by means of oximation reactions. Captured aminooxy‐VOC adducts are analyzed by nanoelectrospray Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry (MS). The concentrations of 2‐butanone, 2‐hydroxyacetaldehyde, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, and 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE) in the exhaled breath of lung cancer patients (n = 97) were significantly higher than in the exhaled breath of healthy smoker and nonsmoker controls (n = 88) and patients with benign pulmonary nodules (n = 32). The concentration of 2‐butanone in exhaled breath of patients (n = 51) with stages II though IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was significantly higher than in exhaled breath of patients with stage I (n = 34). The carbonyl VOC profile in exhaled breath determined using this new silicon microreactor technology provides for the noninvasive detection of lung cancer.
Fast Oxidative Removal of Refractory Aromatic Sulfur Compounds by a Magnetic Ionic Liquid
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming , Xue Jun , Xiong Jun , Chang Yonghui , Liu Hui , Zhao Zhen
Published: November 2013

Magnetic ionic liquids (MIL) are extensively used in extraction and catalytic processes. Here, a series of MIL, i.e., 1‐n‐butyric acid‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride/xFeCl3 ([C3H6COOHmim]Cl/xFeCl3; x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2), were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectrometry, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The MIL [C3H6COOHmim]Cl/2FeCl3 was found to be highly active for the extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization of a model oil under mild conditions. Of note, the removal of benzothiophene, which has been regarded as a refractory aromatic sulfur compound, could be achieved at up to 100 % in 10 min. After reaction, the MIL could be easily separated from the model oil by applying an external magnetic field, due to its paramagnetic properties.
Large Platinum Structures as Promising Catalysts for the Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction
Authors: Fortunato Guilherme V. , Venarusso Luna B. , Maia Gilberto
Published: November 2013

Herein, Pt and Pd catalysts (in the absence and presence of Fe, concomitantly or not with rutin or quercetin), PtPd and PtAu alloys, and Pt under Au are generated on a glassy carbon (GC) surface by using direct electrodeposition. The electrochemical profiles of these materials are investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and microgravimetry (electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance). Their electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) is studied by using hydrodynamic cyclic voltammetry. Physical characterization of the samples is performed by using SEM and energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. Electrodeposited catalysts that contain Pt exhibit high electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR and reproducible response, in particular at low Pt concentrations in the electrodeposition solution, thus suggesting the possibility of applying these catalysts to acid fuel cells. Large nanorock structures are formed on the GC electrode that is modified with Pt(0.50)/Pd(0.50)+rutin, whereas the GC electrode that is modified with Pd in the presence or absence of Fe, concomitantly or not with rutin or quercetin, shows poor electrocatalytic activity.
Exploring Electronic and Steric Effects on the Insertion and Polymerization Reactivity of Phosphinesulfonato PdII Catalysts
Authors: Neuwald Boris , Falivene Laura , Caporaso Lucia , Cavallo Luigi , Mecking Stefan
Published: November 2013

Thirteen different symmetric and asymmetric phosphinesulfonato palladium complexes ([{(X1‐Cl)‐μ‐M}n], M=Na, Li, 1=X(P^O)PdMe) were prepared (see Figure 1). The solid‐state structures of the corresponding pyridine or lutidine complexes were determined for (MeO)21‐py, (iPrO)21‐lut, (MeO,Me2)1‐lut, (MeO)31‐lut, CF31‐lut, and Ph1‐lut. The reactivities of the catalysts X1, obtained after chloride abstraction with AgBF4, toward methyl acrylate (MA) were quantified through determination of the rate constants for the first and the consecutive MA insertion and the analysis of β‐H and other decomposition products through NMR spectroscopy. Differences in the homo‐ and copolymerization of ethylene and MA regarding catalyst activity and stability over time, polymer molecular weight, and polar co‐monomer incorporation were investigated. DFT calculations were performed on the main insertion steps for both monomers to rationalize the effect of the ligand substitution patterns on the polymerization behaviors of the complexes. Full analysis of the data revealed that: 1) electron‐deficient catalysts polymerize with higher activity, but fast deactivation is also observed; 2) the double ortho‐substituted catalysts (MeO)21 and (MeO)31 allow very high degrees of MA incorporation at low MA concentrations in the copolymerization; and 3) steric shielding leads to a pronounced increase in polymer molecular weight in the copolymerization. The catalyst properties induced by a given P‐aryl (alkyl) moiety were combined effectively in catalysts with two different non‐chelating aryl moieties, such as cHexO/(MeO)21, which led to copolymers with significantly increased molecular weights compared to the prototypical MeO1.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, WAC and NMR Studies of S‐Galactosides and Non‐Carbohydrate Ligands of Cholera Toxin Based on Polyhydroxyalkylfuroate Moieties
Authors: Ramos‐Soriano Javier , Niss Ulf , Angulo Jesús , Angulo Manuel , Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Carmona Ana T. , Ohlson Sten , Robina Inmaculada
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of several non‐carbohydrate ligands of cholera toxin based on polyhydroxyalkylfuroate moieties is reported. Some of them have been linked to D‐galactose through a stable and well‐tolerated S‐glycosidic bond. They represent a novel type of non‐hydrolyzable bidentate ligand featuring galactose and polyhydroxyalkylfuroic esters as pharmacophoric residues, thus mimicking the GM1 ganglioside. The affinity of the new compounds towards cholera toxin was measured by weak affinity chromatography (WAC). The interaction of the best candidates with this toxin was also studied by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments, which allowed identification of the binding epitopes of the ligands interacting with the protein. Interestingly, the highest affinity was shown by non‐carbohydrate mimics based on a polyhydroxyalkylfuroic ester structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Refractory Phase, Ta7Si2(SixB1‐x)2.
Authors: Romaka V. , Fosodeder V. , Rogl P. F. , Ramos E. C. T. , Nunes C. A. , Coelho G. C. , Giester G.
Published: November 2013

Ta7Si2(Si0.12B0.88)2 is prepared by repeated arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing at 2000 °C for 100 h or at 2300 °C for 45 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Clusters [Co(As3S3)2]2‐, [Ni(As3S3)2]2‐, and [{Co(en)}6(μ3‐S)4 (AsS3)4]2‐ with Co—As or Ni—As Bonds: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of Thioarsenates Containing Transition‐Metal Complexes.
Authors: Tang Chunying , Wang Fang , Jiang Wenqing , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian
Published: November 2013

In aqueous solution, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions can be coordinated not only by polyamines but also by As2S3 or AsS3 units as in (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 3‐Fluorooxindoles to Vinyl Sulfone: An Organocatalytic Access to Chiral 3‐Fluoro‐3‐substituted Oxindoles.
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Lu Yixin
Published: November 2013

The first asymmetric conjugate addition of title compounds (I) to vinyl sulfones (II), promoted by a tertiary amine‐thiourea bifunctional catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Hydroxyamide Derivatives of Salicylic Acid as Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Reductions of Prochiral Ketones.
Authors: Turgut Vilmaz , Azizoglu Murat , Erdogan Asli , Arslan Nevin , Hosgoren Halil
Published: November 2013

Seven chiral salicylic acid amide derivatives are prepared and tested as catalysts for the asymmetric borane reduction of prochiral ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glucose‐Tagged Triazolium Ionic Liquids and Their Application as Solvent and Ligand for Copper(I) Catalyzed Amination.
Authors: Jha Abadh Kishor , Jain Nidhi
Published: November 2013

Triazolium based ionic liquids with carbohydrates at the 1‐ and 4‐position are synthesized and utilized as ligands for the CuI‐catalyzed amination of halobenzenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐Methylamides and Amines via 4‐(Alkylamino)benzyl‐N‐methylamine as a New Protecting Group.
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hak , Mu Yu , Kim Gun‐Woo , Kim Jin‐Seok , Park Seok‐Hwi , Jin Tian , Lee Kee‐Young , Ham Won‐Hun
Published: November 2013

The convenient and effective protecting group 4‐(dimethylamino)benzyl reported for the synthesis of the title compounds can be cleaved selectively by using TFA.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers by Using Substitution of γ,γ‐Disubstituted Secondary Allylic Picolinates with Alkylcopper Reagents.
Authors: Feng Chao , Kaneko Yuki , Kobayshi Yuichi
Published: November 2013

A convenient protocol using ZnI2 as promotor is developed for the regio‐ and stereoselective substitution of allylic picolinates with alkyl copper reagents, generated from alkylmagnesium halides and CuBr2·Me2S.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pd(0) Nanoparticles Stabilized by Collagen Fibres as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Stille Reaction under Aerobic Condition.
Authors: Mohammadi‐Aghdam Babak , Bahari Siavash , Molaei Rahim
Published: November 2013

A new protocol for the Stille coupling of aryl iodides with organostannanes under aerobic conditions using a collagen fibre‐supported Pd nanoparticle catalyst is developed.The catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused multiple times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Mixed 3,3′‐Bisindoles via Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 3‐Diazooxindoles with Indoles and Ethyl Glyoxylate.
Authors: Xing Dong , Jing Changcheng , Li Xinfeng , Qiu Huang , Hu Wenhao
Published: November 2013

The title reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Electron Rich Porous Extended Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Gole Bappaditya , Bar Arun Kumar , Mallick Arijit , Banerjee Rahul , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: November 2013

An electron rich porous metal‐organic framework based on the rigid tetracarboxylic acid TCA is synthesized, which acts as an efficient catalyst for Diels—Alder reactions through encapsulation of the reactants in confined nano‐channels of the framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Silver Complexes as Robust and Efficient Catalyst for the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Qi Chaorong , He Haitao , Jiang Huanfeng , Ren Yanwei , Yuan Gaoqing
Published: November 2013

The catalyst can be reused at least 15 times without a significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Heteroaryl Benzimidazole Derivatives as Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCH‐R1) Antagonists.
Authors: Lim Chae Jo , Kim Jeong Young , Lee Byung Ho , Oh Kwang‐Seok , Yi Kyu Yang
Published: November 2013

A novel series of 2‐hetaryl‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives (V) (15 examples) are synthesized and evaluated as MCH‐R1 antagonists.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Fused and Binary 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles as Potential Antitumor and Antioxidant Agents.
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Gouda Moustafa A. , Badr Marwa H. , Zoorob Hanafi H.
Published: November 2013

Annulation, alkylation and subsequent cyclization, and multicomponent reactions are conducted with aminothiadiazole (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Dioxane Template for Highly Selective Epoxy Alcohol Cyclizations.
Authors: Mousseau James J. , Morten Christopher J. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: November 2013

This is presented with a view to preparing ladder polyether compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Coumarin Derivatives and in vitro Biological Evaluation as Potential PTP 1B Inhibitors.
Authors: Sun Cheng , Peng Chune , Wang Jian , Wang Quan , Liu Wei , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng
Published: November 2013

The new synthesized compounds are tested for their inhibition activity against the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB 1B).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Assembly of 2‐Amino‐4‐substituted 4H‐Chromenes Using Cyclic Michael Donors.
Authors: Lakshmi Neelakandan Vidhya , Kiruthika Selvarangam E. , Perumal P. T.
Published: November 2013

Indium trichloride is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chromenes (IV), (VI), and (VIII) by a three‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes, malononitriles and cyclic nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of E‐9‐Aryl‐5‐arylidene‐1‐oxo‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroxanthenes and Their Lower Analogues from E,E,‐α,α′‐Diarylidenecycloalkanones
Authors: Samanta Swati , Gupta Arpita Das , Mondal Rina , Mallik Asok K.
Published: November 2013

and cyclohexanediones (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Photoassisted Synthesis of Enantiopure Alkaloid Mimics Possessing Unprecedented Polyheterocyclic Cores.
Authors: Kumar N. N. Bhuvan , Mukhina Olga A. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: November 2013

A variety of cyclic N‐sulfonyl amidines is constructed through the photoinduced cyclization of the N‐tethered pyrroles to azaxylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible Strategy Towards Thienyl‐, Oxazolyl‐ and Pyridyl‐Fused Fluorenones.
Authors: Souibgui Amel , Gaucher Anne , Marrot Jerome , Aloui Faouzi , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence , Ben Hassine Bechir , Prim Damien
Published: November 2013

Compounds (VII) and (VIII) are prepared by the same sequence consisting of heterocycle formation, Suzuki coupling and ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Condensation of 5‐Aminoimidazole Derivatives with Aldehydes and Meldrum′s Acid. Synthesis of 3,4,6,7‐Tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Lichitsky B. V. , Komogortsev A. N. , Dudinov A. A. , Krayushkin M. M.
Published: November 2013

A convenient method for the synthesis of previously unknown tetraimidazopyridinone derivatives (VI) (11 examples) using a multicomponent reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Pechmann Dye: A Thiolactone‐Containing Organic Dye with a Pronounced Electron‐Accepting Character and Its Solid‐State Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Fukazawa Aiko , Adachi Makoto , Nakakura Ken , Saito Shohei , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: November 2013

A sulfur analogue of a Pechmann dye is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiation‐Induced Processes at Solid—Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Jonsson Mats
Published: November 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Release and Catch” Catalytic Systems
Authors: Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco , Noto Renato
Published: November 2013

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenations
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: November 2013

Review: more than 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Features of Ionic Liquids: Consequences for Material Preparation and Organic Reactivity
Authors: Weber Cameron C. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: November 2013

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling and the Scholl Reaction
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Skonieczny Kamil , Butenschoen Holger , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: November 2013

Review: < 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryne Cycloaddition Reactions in the Synthesis of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Perez Dolores , Pena Diego , Guitian Enrique
Published: November 2013

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the First Total Synthesis of Natural Flavonoids
Authors: Wang Zhonglei , Yang Liyan , Yang Xiuwei , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: November 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: Integration Options, Limitations and Expectations
Authors: Ozgun Hale , Dereli Recep Kaan , Ersahin Mustafa Evren , Kinaci Cumali , Spanjers Henri , van Lier Jules B.
Published: November 2013

Review: 107 refs.
Managing body image difficulties of adult cancer patients: Lessons from available research
Authors: Fingeret Michelle Cororve , Teo Irene , Epner Daniel E.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Body image is a critical psychosocial issue for patients with cancer because they often undergo significant changes to appearance and functioning. The primary purpose of this review article was to identify empirically‐supported approaches to treat body image difficulties of adult cancer patients that can be incorporated into high‐quality comprehensive cancer care.

METHODS

An overview was provided of theoretical models of body image relevant to cancer patients, and findings were presented from published literature on body image and cancer from 2003 to 2013. These data were integrated with information from the patient‐doctor communication literature to delineate a practical approach for assessing and treating body image concerns of adult cancer patients.

RESULTS

Body image difficulties were found across patients with diverse cancer sites, and were most prevalent in the immediate postoperative and treatment period. Age, body mass index, and specific cancer treatments have been identified as potential risk factors for body image disturbance in cancer patients. Current evidence supports the use of time‐limited cognitive‐behavioral therapy interventions for addressing these difficulties. Other intervention strategies also show promise but require further study. Potential indicators of body image difficulties were identified to alert health care professionals when to refer patients for psychosocial care, and a framework was proposed for approaching conversations about body image that can be used by the oncologic treatment team.

CONCLUSIONS

Body image issues affect a wide array of cancer patients. Providers can use available evidence combined with information from the health care communication literature to develop practical strategies for treating body image concerns of patients with cancer. Cancer 2014;120:633–641. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Intraobserver and interobserver variability in computed tomography size and attenuation measurements in patients with renal cell carcinoma receiving antiangiogenic therapy: Implications for alternative response criteria
Authors: Krajewski Katherine M. , Nishino Mizuki , Franchetti Yoko , Ramaiya Nikhil H. , Van den Abbeele Annick D. , Choueiri Toni K.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Alternative response criteria have been proposed in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who are receiving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐targeted therapy, including 10% tumor shrinkage as an indicator of response/outcome. However, to the authors' knowledge, intraobserver and interobserver measurement variability have not been defined in this setting. The objective of the current study was to determine intraobserver and interobserver agreement of computed tomography (CT) size and attenuation measurements to establish reproducible response indicators.

METHODS

Seventy‐one patients with mRCC with 179 target lesions were enrolled in phase 2 and phase 3 trials of VEGF‐targeted therapies and retrospectively studied with Institutional Review Board approval. Two radiologists independently measured the long axis diameter and mean attenuation of target lesions at baseline and on follow‐up CT. Concordance correlation coefficients and Bland‐Altman plots were used to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreement.

RESULTS

High concordance correlation coefficients (range, 0.8602‐0.9984) were observed in all types of measurements. The 95% limits of agreement for the percentage change of the sum longest diameter was −7.30% to 7.86% for intraobserver variability, indicating that 10% tumor shrinkage represents a true change in tumor size when measured by a single observer. The 95% limits of interobserver variability were −16.3% to 15.4%. On multivariate analysis, the location of the lesion was found to significantly contribute to interobserver variability (P = .048). The 95% limits of intraobserver agreement for the percentage change in CT attenuation were −18.34% to 16.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with mRCC who are treated with VEGF inhibitors, 10% tumor shrinkage is a reproducible radiologic response indicator when baseline and follow‐up studies are measured by a single radiologist. Lesion location contributes significantly to measurement variability and should be considered when selecting target lesions. Cancer 2014;120:711–721. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Lifetime Shortening and Fast Energy‐Tansfer Processes upon Dimerization of a A‐π‐D‐π‐A Molecule
Authors: Collini Elisabetta , Bolzonello Luca , Zerbetto Mirco , Ferrante Camilla , Manfredi Norberto , Abbotto Alessandro
Published: November 2013

Time‐resolved fluorescence and transient absorption experiments uncover a distinct change in the relaxation dynamics of the homo‐dimer formed by two 2,5‐bis[1‐(4‐N‐methylpyridinium)ethen‐2‐yl)]‐N‐methylpyrrole ditriflate (M) units linked by a short alkyl chain when compared to that of the monomer M. Fluorescence decay traces reveal characteristic decay times of 1.1 ns and 210 ps for M and the dimer, respectively. Transient absorption spectra in the spectral range of 425–1050 nm display similar spectral features for both systems, but strongly differ in the characteristic relaxation times gathered from a global fit of the experimental data. To rationalize the data we propose that after excitation of the dimer the energy localizes on one M branch and then decays to a dark state, peculiar only of the dimer. This dark state relaxes to the ground state within 210 ps through non‐radiative relaxation. The nature of the dark state is discussed in relation to different possible photophysical processes such as excimer formation and charge transfer between the two M units. Anisotropy decay traces of the probe‐beam differential transmittance of M and the dimer fall on complete different time scales as well. The anisotropy decay for M is satisfactorily ascribed to rotational diffusion in DMSO, whereas for the dimer it occurs on a faster time scale and is likely caused by energy‐transfer processes between the two monomer M units.
Significant Reduction in NiO Band Gap Upon Formation of LixNi1−xO alloys: Applications To Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Alidoust Nima , Toroker Maytal Caspary , Keith John A. , Carter Emily A.
Published: November 2013

Long‐term sustainable solar energy conversion relies on identifying economical and versatile semiconductor materials with appropriate band structures for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications (e.g., band gaps of ∼1.5–2.0 eV). Nickel oxide (NiO) is an inexpensive yet highly promising candidate. Its charge‐transfer character may lead to longer carrier lifetimes needed for higher efficiencies, and its conduction band edge is suitable for driving hydrogen evolution via water‐splitting. However, NiO’s large band gap (∼4 eV) severely limits its use in practical applications. Our first‐principles quantum mechanics calculations show band gaps dramatically decrease to ∼2.0 eV when NiO is alloyed with Li2O. We show that LixNi1−xO alloys (with x=0.125 and 0.25) are p‐type semiconductors, contain states with no impurity levels in the gap and maintain NiO’s desirable charge‐transfer character. Lastly, we show that the alloys have potential for photoelectrochemical applications, with band edges well‐placed for photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO2 reduction, as well as in tandem dye‐sensitized solar cells as a photocathode.
Quantitative trait locus detection using combined linkage/disequilibrium analysis
Authors: Almasy Laura , Williams Jeff T. , Dyer Thomas D. , Blangero John
Published: November 2013

We describe an extension of the variance component linkage method that augments identity‐by‐descent information from relatives with identity‐by‐state information from unrelated individuals, exploiting disequilibrium to facilitate fine mapping of quantitative trait loci. An advantage of the combined linkage/disequilibrium test is that it detects association only in the presence of linkage and is not biased by population stratification.
Two tests of association for a susceptibility locus for families of variable size: An example using two sampling strategies
Authors: Monks S.A. , Martin E.R. , Umbach D.M. , Kaplan N.L.
Published: November 2013

A two‐stage approach was used to analyze Problem 2 simulated data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 11. In the first stage, we tested for linkage with the Haseman‐Elston test in SIBPAL. Markers that were significant in the first stage were followed up with two types of association tests. These association tests differ in the type of family information used: 1) parental transmissions to affected children or 2) differences in marker allele frequencies between affected and unaffected siblings. We also explored how the conclusions changed when different sampling strategies were used. Of particular interest was whether the entire data set should be used to test for both linkage and association or whether the data set should be halved to allow for replication of the initial association results.
Generalization of the extended transmission disequilibrium test to two unlinked disease loci
Authors: Morris Andrew , Whittaker John
Published: November 2013

The extended transmission disequilibrium test (ETDT) of Sham and Curtis [1995] is a powerful test of the null hypothesis of no linkage between a multi‐allelic marker locus and a disease susceptibility locus of unknown location in the presence of association between alleles at the two loci. We propose a generalization of the ETDT to test simultaneously for linkage of markers to two unlinked disease loci. Analysis of the simulated data for Problem 2 would suggest improvements in power to detect linkage to pairs of disease loci over single locus tests. This is as a result of the two locus model taking account of epistasis between the disease loci.
Power of concordant versus discordant sib pairs at different penetrance levels
Authors: Nicolaou Michael , Premkumar Smita , Destefano Anita L. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Cupples L. Adrienne
Published: November 2013

Knowing the answers, we used the GAW11 data set to compare the power and efficiency of discordant versus concordant affected sib pairs for qualitative traits at different levels of penetrance. Samples of 200 concordant sib pairs outperformed discordant sib pairs for low penetrance (40%) and 70% penetrance models while at 90% penetrance they performed equally well. Increasing the sample size of discordant sib pairs to twice that of concordant pairs was not enough to reach the power of concordant sib pairs at the 40% and 70% penetrance models. For low penetrance using a combination of concordant and discordant sib pairs resulted in higher power than using discordant sib pairs alone. At 90% penetrance, the power of concordant and discordant sib pairs was similar in the region close to the gene while concordant sib pairs performed better at locations further from the gene.
Covariates in linkage analysis
Authors: Rice John P. , Rochberg Nan , Neuman Rosalind J. , Saccone Nancy L. , Liu Kuang‐Yu , Zhang Xu , Culverhouse Robert
Published: November 2013

We apply a novel technique to detect significant covariates in linkage analysis using a logistic regression approach. An overall test of linkage is first performed to determine whether there is significant perturbation from the expected 50% sharing under the hypothesis of no linkage; if the overall test is significant, the importance of the individual covariate is assessed. In addition, association analyses were performed. These methods were applied to simulated data from multiple populations, and detected correct marker linkages and associations. No population heterogeneity was detected. These methods have the advantages of using all sib pairs and of providing a formal test for heterogeneity across populations
Issues in genomic screening: Critical values, sample sizes, and the ability to detect linkage
Authors: Rogus John J. , Cai Tianxi , Wei Lee‐Jen
Published: November 2013

The aims of this study were to empirically investigate the ability of affected sib pairs (ASPs) to localize a gene through screening and to explore estimation of lod score critical values through resampling. To do so, we repartitioned 25 replicates of 100 simulated nuclear families into six data sets of sizes 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1,000 and chose at most one mildly ASP per family. Using all marker data, we calculated maximum lod scores across the six‐chromosome genome for each set. Then, we determined the cutoff value corresponding to a 5% genome‐wide false positive rate using both the method of Lander and Kruglyak [1995] and a simple resampling algorithm that allows greater scan‐specific flexibility. For chromosome 1, the ability of the ASPs to detect the region between markers 9 and 10 clearly increases with the sample size, and genome‐wide significance is achieved for samples of size 400 or greater. Also, as expected, the critical values based on the less conservative resampling approach are generally slightly smaller than those from theoretical calculations based on the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck diffusion process of Lander and Kruglyak.
A bayesian approach to replication of linkage findings
Authors: Wang Kai , Vieland Veronica , Huang Jian
Published: November 2013

A novel Bayesian approach to replication studies, allowing for locus heterogeneity, is introduced. Compared with currently used approaches to replication, it offers a natural way to accumulate evidence across independently collected data sets and yields more interpretable results. Using four replicates (one as initial study and the other three as replication studies) from Problem 2 of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 11 data, we show the performance of this method. All four disease susceptibility loci (D1G009, D1G024, D3G045, D5G035) are identified and accurately mapped, with no false positive signals.
Comparison of evidence supporting a chromosome 6 alcoholism gene
Authors: Cantor Rita M. , Lanning Christopher D.
Published: November 2013

A whole genome scan has been conducted on 105 families ascertained for probands with a diagnosis of alcoholism by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). To identify chromosomal regions likely to contain genes contributing to the development of this disorder, data from 296 highly polymorphic markers have been analyzed using the MAPMAKER/SIBS [Kruglyak and Lander, 1995] and GENEHUNTER‐PLUS [Kruglyak et al., 1996; Kong and Cox, 1997] multipoint linkage programs. Chromosome 6 exhibited lod scores greater than 3.0 and was further tested by two‐point linkage analyses at each marker along the chromosome to assess the consistency of results from these allele sharing linkage programs. Two‐point linkage was assessed with MAPMAKER/SIBS, GENEHUNTER‐PLUS and the SIBPAL subprogram of the SAGE package of genetic epidemiology programs [Elston, 1997].
Using recursive partitioning for exploration and follow‐up of linkage and association analyses
Authors: Wilcox Marsha A. , Smoller Jordan W. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Neuberg Donna
Published: November 2013

We first conducted a genome‐wide screen for association with discordant sibships using the multi allelic and diallelic SDT. Markers at D4S1628, D8S1109, D9S66 and D7S1797 showed multi‐allelic association. Deleterious diallelic association was found for markers at D1S1613, D1S534, D3S2459, D7S1817, and D9S131. Protective association was found at markers D8S1109, D8S1136, and D9S66. We then incorporated these findings with previous linkage findings in the exploration of oligogenes and epistasis using recursive partitioning. We conclude that recursive partitioning can be a useful adjunct to traditional linkage and association analyses in the exploration of these effects.
Linkage analysis in alcohol dependence
Authors: Windemuth Christine , Hahn Andreas , Strauch Konstantin , Baur Max P. , Wienker Thomas F.
Published: November 2013

Alcohol dependence often is a familial disorder and has a genetic component. Research in causative factors of alcoholism is coordinated by a multi‐center program, COGA [The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, Begleiter et al., 1995]. We analyzed a subset of the COGA family sample, 84 pedigrees of Caucasian ancestry comprising 745 persons, 339 of whom are affected according to DSM‐III‐R and Feighner criteria. Using parametric and nonparametric methods, evidence for linkage was found on chromosome 1 (near markers D1S532, D1S1588, and D1S534), as well as on chromosome 15 (near marker D15S642). Other regions of the genome showed suggestive evidence for contributing loci. Related findings are discussed in recent publications investigating linkage in humans [Reich et al., 1998] and mice [Melo et al., 1996].
Search for a gene×environment interaction: G×E hunt
Authors: Bailey Julia N. , Suchard Marc A. , Smalley Susan L. , Sinsheimer Janet S.
Published: November 2013

We developed a method to identify gene×environment interactions (G×Es). To test this method in the simulated data (Problem 2, GAW11), we first identified an environmental factor (E1) that was associated with the simulated disorder. We stratified affected sibling pairs (ASPs) into two groups, those concordant for the presence of E1 and those concordant for the absence of E1. We then localized genes on chromosomes 3 and 5 using identity‐by‐descent (IBD) sharing rates among ASPs. Because the stratified IBD sharing rates are independent of the environmental factor if there is no G×E, we inferred the existence of a G×E near loci 3G44 and 3G45 by testing whether the proportion of ASPs sharing no alleles IBD differed among the two groups.
Interactions of Clay Minerals with Organic Monomers
Authors: Theng B.K.G. , Walker G.F.
Published: November 2013

The role of clay minerals in influencing the polymerization of organic monomers can be ascribed to a charge transfer between the clay and the adsorbed species. Polymerization may be either initiated or inhibited by the clays.
Biological Productivity in the Dead Sea Part I. Microorganisms in the Water Column
Authors: Kaplan I.R. , Friedmann A.
Published: November 2013

Studies were performed to determine the distribution of microbiota in the Dead Sea during 1963 to 1965. The dominant organisms in the surface water were found to be two red halophilic bacteria, followed in abundance by a green flagellated alga, Dunaliella virdis. Cultures inoculated with Dead Sea water produced growth of the red bacteria as well as unidentified non‐pigmented halo‐tolerant bacteria, capable of growing in 25% salt solution, and bacteria that grew only in dilute salt media. The latter are mainly spore‐forming aerobes, probably introduced by rain‐wash of the soil, as well as from the Jordan River and fresh water springs. Sulfate reducing bacteria were also cultured from the water and from the sediment. Pigment studies on extracts from laboratory cultures of the red bacteria, from centrifuged suspensions of Dead Sea water and, by comparison, from a pure culture of Halobacterium salinarium, showed that the dominant pigment in all cases was the carotene α‐bacteriorubrin. The total number of organisms decreased with depth of the water column, especially below the thermocline. The interpretations given for the decrease are: lack of dissolved oxygen, decrease in incident light, and lack of dissolved phosphate. The last factor is probably due to rapid precipitation of phosphate by divalent ions.
Ion Solvation in Solution, Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Luz Z.
Published: November 2013

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of the properties and structure of solvation shell complexes is discussed through the example of Co2+ ions in methanol. New proton relaxation and shift measurements in solutions of Mn(ClO4)2 and Cr(ClO4)3 in anhydrous methanol are described and analyzed. The results yield kinetic and magnetic parameters for the [Mn(CH3OH)6]2+ and [Cr(CH3OH)6]3+ solvates. The dominant kinetic process for Mn2+ involves exchange of whole molecules in and out of the solvation shell, while for Cr3+ only the protolysis reaction of the hydroxyl protons affects the NMR resonance. Both ions have relatively long electron spin relaxation times and it is therefore not possible to observe their solvation shell directly. Preliminary results on Cu2+ solvates are also discussed.
Selectivity in Fast Reactions of Aqueous Oh‐Radicals with Amides
Authors: Lichtin N.N.
Published: November 2013

Measurement of rates of abstraction of H atoms by aqueous OH radicals from specific sites in aliphatic amides by the technique of pulse radiolysis‐kinetic spectroscopy establishes that in this reaction, in which gross rates of reaction fall short of the diffusion‐controlled limit by no more than a factor of 102, there is a systematic variation of reactivity with structure. This variation parallels dependence of reactivity upon structure observed in the reactions of several other free radicals in the gas phase.
Bipolar Membranes Made of a Single Polyolephine Sheet
Authors: De Körösy F. , Zeigerson E.
Published: November 2013

The preparation of bipolar membranes from a single sheet of polyolephine by sulphochlorination is described in detail. Rectification experiments between salt solutions and between HCl and NaOH solutions respectively are described. The transference of salt ions relative to each other and relative to the ions of water have been determined. Some analytical data on the concentration of mobile ions in the membranes during current transport are given. The mechanism of rectification is explained and used to clarify the experimental results. Problems concerning conduction in bipolar membranes are enumerated and some experiments are proposed which may assist in solving them.