bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimization of transport costs in an industrial company through linear programming
Authors: Prifti V , Dervishi I , Dhoska K , Markja I , Pramono A
Published: December 2020

Businesses and industries are very interested in optimizing processes and minimizing costs. One of the transportation models or problems to optimize relates to the case where the product output can be transported from the manufacturing plant to some warehouses or customers. The transport problem is a case of the linear programming problem. Linear programming algorithms have been used to solve the most difficult optimization problems. Linear programming has been used to manage the problems related to personnel assignment, engineering, distribution, banking, education, oil, transportation, etc. It has been widely used in various fields, like transport, telecommunications, health services, construction, public services, industry, etc.

The main purpose of the paper is to look at the problem of linear programming in detail by considering an example and try to solve the problem. The purpose of the transport problem in our case is to minimize the overall cost of transport from origin to destination by meeting supply and demand limits, in order to increase sales profit. This paper aims to determine the problem of minimizing the total cost of transport by determining the optimal distribution of the product, from the 2 sites of production to the 9 major distributors that are geographically dispersed. Management Science and Operational Research will be used to find the best solution for the transportation problem.
Shipping cost optimization on the Indonesian sea tollway due to weather
Authors: Pradana M F , Hamdani M I , Noche B
Published: December 2020

Indonesian sea tollway main objective is to decrease price gap between the western and eastern part of Indonesia. Although, the price gap is still felt in eastern Indonesia, that means the objectives of this program has not yet reached its optimum mainly due to operational cost. This paper is trying to optimize shipping costs by reducing the speed with slow steaming due to weather. The method called Slow Steaming was added with the aim of optimizing the speed of the ship. In total, there are three scenarios created to achieve these research objectives. The first scenario used current operational data, while the second scenario use ship speed loss due to weather, and the last scenario used ship speed loss due to weather and slow steaming method. The results showed that reducing ship speed with scenarios two and three can optimize the total shipping cost. Decreasing the shipping speed due to weather and using 10% and 12% slow steaming method can reduce between 16,35% and 18,5% of total shipping costs depend on the route. It can be concluded that scenario III has the lowest shipping cost, but with a note that with different specific conditions of slow steaming for each route.
Measurement of user satisfaction for web-base academic information system using end-user computing satisfaction method
Authors: Purwanto  , Deden Hedin P.B.
Published: December 2020

Academic Information System is a system that collects and processes data into useful information for users. This research aims to determine the level of user satisfaction of Web-Based Academic Information Systems at Al-Kamal Institute of Science and Technology. The research model uses quantitative by using a descriptive approach. The measuring of user satisfaction uses an End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. The variables in this research are accuracy, content, format, timeliness, and ease of use. Data collection uses a questionnaire by 12 questions with the sum of data samples are 135 respondents. The results show that the overall level of user satisfaction averaged 2.99 at level 3 (neutral). The variables considered good are timeliness and ease of use, while for content, format, and accuracy still need improvement and redevelopment. The results of this research can be used as an evaluation material to develop the academic information systems in the future.
The application of LPT, CEGA, and PSO method on flow shop scheduling with parallel machine
Authors: Muharni Y , Irman A , Febianti E , Rubyanti T E , Sofa N N
Published: December 2020

The production system in a fabrication company often face some problems, such as the inability to deliver orders to the customer at the due time. This situation could drive the company to bear the cost of penalties. This problem can be overcome if the production schedule arranged properly. One of the indicator optimal scheduling is minimize of makespan. This research investigates a company who dealing with fabrication structure and make to order production system with flow shop production lines and parallel machine arrangements. In order to solve the scheduling problem, several methods are applied consist of the heuristic approach of the Longest Processing Time (LPT) method and the metaheuristic approach using the Cross Entropy method combined with Genetic Algorithm to Cross-Entropy Genetic Algorithm (CEGA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithm was run in MATLAB software and the results show that proposed method using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cross Entropy Genetic Algorithm (CEGA) obtained makespan value of 8,394 minutes. The makespan for existing scheduling condition is 9,117 minutes. The proposed methods are shown a better results.
Measurement of psychological impact of industrial engineering students in fulfiil of online learning outcomes using NASA-TLX method
Authors: Umyati Ani , Susihono Wahyu , Sri Mariawati Ade
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 had a serious impact on the education sector in Indonesia, one of them is the application of online learning activities as a substitute for learning activities in the classroom. Viewed from the perspective of students, online learning is a new method and is not yet commonly used in universities including Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. So students still need time to adapt to the existing system. Each activity certainly causes consequences of workload, as well as its online learning activities conducted by students majoring in Industrial Engineering Untirta. This study will measure the psychological impact in the form of mental workload experienced by students majoring in Industrial Engineering Untirta in meeting online learning outcomes using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) method. The online learning process carried out by Industrial Engineering students of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University has a psychological impact in the form of mental workload on these students. The results showed that 63.21% of students experienced mental workloads with moderate classification, 22.97% of students had workloads with heavy classifications while the rest experienced workloads with light classifications (13.51%). The most dominant indicators are Mental Demand, Temporal Demand, and Frustration Level.
Cost of quality system in passenger car plant: a methodology of implementation
Authors: Rahardjo W H , Farizal F , Gabriel D S
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to provide methodological adjustments or procedures for installation steps and the implementation of a quality cost system, including adjusting the quality cost calculation model for the automotive manufacturing industry, especially passenger car factories. A literature review approach is used and pilot studies are chosen for empirical aspects of research to enrich the mix of qualitative and quantitative data. Although the literature review shows that many experts write similar research, adjusting the quality cost model is still recommended. The results of the pilot study explain that the implementation of quality costs at an early stage is considered sufficient until reporting. Further research is advised to practice tracking quality costs. Research starts from preparation to reporting on quality costs. The scope of research is limited to quality costs in the operational area (production). The methodology for implementing a quality cost system can guide organizations to get an internal view of quality costs. This research confirms that organizations do need to modify the available quality cost models according to the organization’s goals, needs, and environment. Thus, the simple models offered in this research are both valuable and contribute to quality economic literature.
Household solid waste composition and characterization in Indonesia Urban Kampong
Authors: Semilu Rosesar Juntara , Andari Kristanto Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Household waste compositions and characteristics are the basic Information needed in planning a waste management system. The data are affected by many factors, such as the area characteristic and their income. As a part of city growth, urban Kampong is generally established due to urbanization and can be characterized by its density, low income residents, and poor sanitation. This research is conducted to analyze the composition and characteristics of solid waste produced in Urban Kampong. Cross sectional study approach was conducted to analyzed the household characteristics; the Indonesia standard of 19-3694-1994 is applied to examined wastes generated with 100 kg of waste samples was collected for 8 days in each urban kampong. The research result shows urban kampong waste composition is dominated by organic waste with 61,62%. While inorganic wastes are dominated by plastic (13,14%), multi-layered (5,52%) and paper (4,12%). The average of waste generation in urban kampong is 0,5 kg/person/day. This study is expected to be the baseline for improving waste management system in urban kampong in Indonesia.
Development of Reverse Logistics Scenarios for Inorganic Waste Recovery in Grobogan Regency - Indonesia
Authors: Hadiwidodo M , Samadikun B P , Putri A I , Sumiyati S , Ramadan B S
Published: December 2020

Reverse logistics is a model of the flow of goods that goes inversely from consumers back to producers to increase the value of goods without wasting any part of the goods (recovery). In this study, the waste management system in Purwodadi District, Grobogan Regency, has been evaluated and propagated using a reverse logistic network system, which is considered more efficient. In-depth interviews and observations were made to understand the flow of waste in each level of recyclers. The flow of plastic, paper, and metal waste were evaluated in this study because it dominates the composition of inorganic waste in Grobogan Regency. The results of the scenario indicate the potential use of a reverse logistic system because it shortens the flow time of waste from consumers to factories. Besides, environmental losses caused by the long process of waste management can be reduced. It is necessary to carry out further evaluation related to economic and environmental benefits due to the development of a reverse logistic scenario for plastic, paper, and metal waste.
Hybrid vector autoregression–recurrent neural networks to forecast multivariate time series jet fuel transaction price
Authors: Bayu Aji Agung , Surjandari Isti
Published: December 2020

Fuel cost is the most contributed component in the operational cost of all transportation modes. In the aviation industry, jet fuel cost contributed to a percentage of 33.33% of the total airline operational costs. To increase efficiency in operational costs and the airline should have jet fuel price monitoring systems that can forecast the future price and give some strategy recommendations to airlines. In this research, we propose many multivariate time series-based predictive analytics as a tool for the airline to monitor and forecast the jet fuel price transaction based on jet fuel transaction price. We consider the global crude oil price and also global and local jet fuel prices in each airport. We also consider additional variables for the economical aspect that applied differently for each airport location. We examine two Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gate Recurrent Units (GRU). For minimizing the weakness of LSTM and GRU, we combine each methods with Vector Autoregression (VAR). After forecasting results using VAR-LSTM and VAR-GRU, we get forecasting accuracy of 98.98% and 99.40% respectively.
Ergo-innovative design of cow slaughter tool
Authors: Hartomo Soewardi , Eufrade Maulana Putra
Published: December 2020

Rough handling in the slaughtering operation can cause animal’s stress resulting in the poor quality of meat because of the depleting muscle reserves to the lowest level. This condition will reduce the muscle lactic acid and increase the potential hydrogen on the meat above the normal level allowing a higher possibility for bacterial growth. Moreover, the rough slaughtering operation using the conventional technique may lead to slaughterer’s accident because of the cow’s mutiny. Thus, it is crucial to use the slaughtering tool that is safer and more comfortable to operate. This study aims to design the innovative slaughtering tool ergonomically and satisfying the user requirement. A survey was conducted to identify user criteria of the design. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) was implemented as a fundamental basis to determine the inventive principle of the design, and the Quality Function Deployment was applied to develop the design specification. Non-parametric statistical analysis was done to test the hypothesis. This study reveals some identified inventive principles including dynamic quality, parameter changes, combination, and equipotentiality. Thus, the proposed design is valid to satisfy user need at 5% of significance level as it is proven to be safer, stronger, more practical, and more durable.
Partial modeling of macroeconomic variables in industrial fields
Authors: Valentika N , Abdullah S , Ilmadi  , Chasanah S I U , Nuha A R , Huda M , Nursyirwan V I
Published: December 2020

This study modifies Catalbas’s (2016) and Pratikto’s (2012) research. The analysis used in this study is cross-correlation and analysis of the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method, Vector Autoregression in difference form (VARD) or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to test the relationship between variables with the ordinary least square (OLS) method and the causality test to test the relationship (causal relationship) between variables with the Granger Causality (GC) Test. Based on the correlation analysis, it is obtained that exports, imports, and interest rates have a negative and statistically significant relationship at the real level of 5% of the rupiah exchange rate. The model between exports and the rupiah exchange rate is the VAR (2) model. The model between imports and the rupiah exchange rate is a VECM with lag 3, there is 1 cointegration and the deterministic trend used is none intercept no trend. The model between the interest rate and the rupiah exchange rate is a VARD vector model with a lag 1. The model between inflation and the rupiah exchange rate is a VECM with lag 2 and the deterministic trend used is none intercept no trend and there is 1 significant cointegration at the 5% level.
Efficiency of protein extraction from palm kernel cake via different chemical extraction methods
Authors: Chaipet Namfon , Raita Marisa , Siriwatwechakul Wanwipa , Champreda Verawat
Published: December 2020

Protein isolation from defatted palm kernel cake (DPKC) was investigated under 3 conditions, including different chemical reagents (alkaline, saline, acidic), concentrations in the range of 0.01-0.3M and reaction time (0.5-4 h). The reaction contained 1 g biomass in 50 mL of solutions, with mixing speed 250 rpm, and the extraction occurred at 35°C for 2 hrs. Extractable protein of 35.06%, 12.40% and 4.34% based on available protein in the raw material were obtained in aqueous of 0.25M NaOH, 0.01M NaCl and 0.1M HCl. Afterward, DPKC was isolated with 0.25M NaOH for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs, achieving the protein concentration of 24.16%, 28.99%, 32.72%, 34.39%, and 34.84%, respectively. The protein isolation process resulted in 48.32-60.57 %w/w and 7.27-34.60 %w/w removals of protein and ash, according to analysis of the solid residues. The oil extraction process mostly effected the composition of lignin, which can remove lignin up to 54.71% (w/w).
Coaction of bio-sorption and bio-filtration for the remediation of domestic and agricultural wastewater contaminated with heavy metal
Authors: Runguphan T , Kitpichai J
Published: December 2020

Most heavy metals are well known for their toxicity and carcinogenic properties and when disposed-off through wastewater from anthropological activities poses a serious threat to the human population and other living organisms of the receiving body. The presence of heavy metals also hampers biodegrading potential for microorganism to remediate wastewater due to theirs toxic-inhibition. In this study we combine the coaction of bio-sorption and bio-filtration with aim to improve the remediation efficiency of the Copper (Cu2+) contaminated domestic and agricultural wastewater samples in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Rice husk, agricultural waste from rice farming abundant in the area, was used as natural bio-sorbent material and tested to identify its optimum adsorption conditions. The adsorbed wastewater after sorption was fed through bio-filtration tank (sand-filled and bio-augmented with Pseudomonas stutzeri DMST 28410) and underwent bio-filtration regimes to complete the coaction remediation. Results from the present study showed rice husk grounded to the size of 106μm powder at optimal sorption conditions (pH 7, dosage 10g/L, mixing rate 150rpm., sorption time 90min., initial Cu2+ concentration 12mg/L) was effective and removed more than 40% of the metal concentration from the wastewater samples. For domestic wastewater, coaction with bio-filtration further improved the copper removal efficiency up to 96% when treated for 180min. Poultry farm wastewater yielded similar copper removal results, with sorption accounted for about 36% and coaction with bio-filtration totalling up to 97% copper removal. Wastewater parameter, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from both sources after bio-sorption exhibited rises in concentration. This poses the need to further explore other pre-treatment methods for rice husk for it to fully be utilized as bio-sorbent in the removal of copper and other heavy metals from wastewater.
Anatomical and physical properties of tendril perversion of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Authors: Prombanchong T , Suriyawong A , Srisongkram P , Suwanpayak N
Published: December 2020

The structure of biomaterial is interest in biomimetic and biomechanics research. The physical properties, mechanical, characteristic of twisting and bending of plant tendrils are also thought-provoking to study. In this study, we proposed an innovative biomaterial spring device for holding an object and providing support. The device uses Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt tendril as inspired by the relations of left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) climbing tendrils with a single branch. To study the morphology and anatomy, testing stress, length, number of the helix of the tendril which relation of mimic string material Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt tendril and helical metal which have two helixes, three helixes and four helixes were tested by using food texture analysis. The anatomical showed many cell types and slight differences between straight and coiled tendrils. The result showed the tendril of two helixes has the highest stress and four helixes the least. Also, tensile testing showed that the number of helixes does not affect the stress of the tendril models.
The Investigation of SiO2 structure obtained from the combustion of rice husk
Authors: Poo-arporn Yingyot , Duangnil Samrerng , Bamrungkoh Denchay , Boonsuya Supan , Tonlublao Surangrat , Kaewsuwan Dechmongkhon , Chanlek Narong , Nakajima Hideki , Ruangvittayanon Anuchit , Poo-arporn Rungtiva P.
Published: December 2020

In this work, SiO2 was obtained from the combustion of rice husk. The influence of temperature on its structure and morphology was investigated. At low combustion temperatures, the rice husk ash appeared to be black due to an insufficient temperature for the oxidation process. When the temperature was raised to 1000°C, the color changed to a pale pink. The elemental composition of the rice husk ash was determined by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The survey analysis of the XPS spectra revealed the existence of Si, O, C, Ca P, K and N. The elemental fraction of Si was increased as a function of temperature. However, the N 1s XPS signal can be collected from the rice husk after the combustion at 300°C only. Si L edge XANES spectra were recorded to determine the structure of the SiO2. The results suggested the similarity between the SiO2 structure of the rice husk ash and the standard SiO2. The microstructure of the rice husk ash was studied by SEM. It was clearly seen that the pores were created on the rice husk ash. By increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the cellulosic material was removed and consequently produced channels.
Preparation and characterization of PET/SEBS incorporated with organomontmorillonite
Authors: Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Thinsoongnoen Phakawan , Misut Pattaraporn , Autama Siriluk , Kulsetthanchalee Chanin
Published: December 2020

This study is focused on the characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SEBS)/Organomontmorillonite (OMMT) blends. SEBS-g-MA is used as compatibilizer and SEBS is the impact modifier at 30 %wt. The compounds were blended by twin-screw extruder and molded for test specimen by injection molding. The effect of OMMT types (Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B) and contents (1 and 3 %w/w) on properties of PET blends with SEBS and SEBS-g-MA were investigated. The PET composites incorporated with Cloisite15A had higher impact strength and %elongation at break whereas lower tensile strength than the one with Cloisite30B. Comparing with PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA blends, adding OMMT into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA would increase thermal property. However, it had no significant changes with higher OMMT. %Crystallinity of PET would be increased with OMMT contents. PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA had lower %LOI but higher burning rate compared with PET. However, the addition of OMMT could improve flame retardant properties of PET blends. Addition of Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA increased %LOI. From UL 94 tests, polymer composites could be classified in HB class. The burning rate of polymer composites was decreased with increasing OMMT due to decomposition of OMMT act as a barrier to inhibit combustion.
A Dual-Band Printed Dipole Antenna for Unidirectional Radiation
Authors: Suwanachart Sompongpinit , Srimoon Duangarthit , Mearnchu Jhirat
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a dual-band printed dipole antenna for unidirectional radiation. The antenna is designed for the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system that operating on both the frequency ranges of 2.400 – 2.483 GHz and 5.15 – 5.85 GHz. Radiated elements of the antenna are flat conductors on the surface of FR4 printed circuit board. All elements are on the same side of FR4. Coaxial line is chosen for feeding. It makes the antenna good matching and easy to assembly. The antenna is simulated by computer program before fabricating a prototype. It provides omni-directional radiation but has a direction with the gain about 5 dBi at the central of both operating frequencies. It is appropriate for the system that desired the signal to radiate surround but has some direction together. The size of the antenna is 44.0 × 60.0 mm2. Advantages of the antenna are low profile structure, light weight, and can be fabricated with cheap material. So, it is a low-cost antenna.
Long Range UAS Mission by LPWAN Communication
Authors: Punpigul Nuttawat , Muangkham Marut , Anantachaisilp Parinya , Srisuprapreeda Sanga , Singhanat Krongboon
Published: December 2020

One of the key challenges for long range Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) is the limitation of the communication capability. Many existing communication technics are conventionally adopted in UAS to improve the quality of the communication such as satellite communication, cellular networks, and relay aircrafts. However, the mentioned solutions often incur several drawbacks including costs, complexity, communication delay, or inefficient power consumption. LoRaWAN is one of the recently emerging communication technics used in the Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology. It has a promising potential to improve the coverage of UAS communication, since it can transmit/receive signals below the noise floor in a very long range with very low energy consumption by using the waveform modulation technique called Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). In this paper, we show the potential of LPWAN as the supplementary communication in UAS. The experiment results show that LoRaWAN can maintain the communication capability beyond 80 km where the popular RF device, RFD900x, has lost its ability to communicate at this distance.
The effect of malt, pectin, and gelatin concentrations on elasticity, color and sensory evaluation of soursop (Annona muricata L.) jelly candy
Authors: Nhi T T Y , Vu N D , Quyen N N , Thinh P V , Tho N T M , Truc T T
Published: December 2020

The confectionery industry produces a wide variety of sugary products for children. The juice of soursop (Annona muricata L.) was selected as a flavorant to produce jelly candies with high nutritional value. Addition of food additives such as gelatin, pectin and malt is essential in jelly candy production. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of adding different concentrations of pectin (0.2-0.8%), malt (12-18%) and gelatin (12-18%) to the elasticity and color change of the resulted soursop jelly candy. Results have shown that a combination of 14% gelatin, 0.4% pectin and 12% malt produced the candies with highest elasticity. Increasing malt concentration further was found to reduce the candy elasticity. The jelly candies also showed oxidative browning after four days of preservation. The sensory acceptance value is feasible and is higher than the commercial circulation point. The present study was the first to produce jelly candy from soursop juice, introducing a high-value confectionery product that could be a promising candidate for industrial-scaled production. Further studies on antioxidant activity, as well as safety and nutritional value of the product are also required.
Evaluate the chemical composition of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) essential oil using the classical method
Authors: Hien T T , Quyen N T C , Truc T T , Quan P M
Published: December 2020

Natural compounds have received much attention and research in recent years since the industrial economy developed. Essential oils, which contain many volatile constituents and aromatic compounds, have been around for a long time but are still considered to this day thanks to their natural properties and their unique application. There are several ways of collecting essential oils from herbal plants, including ancient approaches to contemporary techniques using different sections of plants such as buds, vegetables and nuts. In this study, the leaves of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) were used to investigate the yield of essential oil extracted by the classical distillation system (hydro-distillation). The obtained essential oil was then analyzed for the chemical composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 100 g of Kaffir lime leaves, under the following conditions: 1:3 of ratio of material to water, 120 °C of the temperature within 60 min. The extraction process yielded 1.3 mL of essential oils. GC-MS analysis also identified 16 compounds in the essential oil, accounting for 99.99% of total oils. The main compounds included citronellal (85.4%), citronellol (6.8%), linalool (1.9 %), citronellyl acetate (1.7%), and other compounds with content less than 1.0% by hydro-distillation. The findings of chemical composition of Kaffir lime leaves EO suggest further studies on optimization the extraction process for a desirable phytochemical content.
Screening of extraction conditions by Plackett–Burman design for extraction of Cordyceps militaris Cordycipitaceae
Authors: Nguyen N Q , Nguyen V T , Nguyen M T , Thanh L V , Phuong T T M , Duong D C
Published: December 2020

Cordyceps is the product of a fungal genus that develops on the larvae of insects. Cordycepin, namely 3’–deoxyadenosine, the most significant adenosine counterpart of other Cordyceps, has demonstrated numerous and excellent pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial. In this research, Plackett – Burman method was used to test six extraction parameters, including time (30-120 minutes), the concentration of solvent (40%-70%), temperature (30°C-85°C), number of extraction (1-3 times), solvent to material ratio (40-200 ml/g) and pH (4-7) for the extraction of Cordyceps militaris in Kom Tum Province, Vietnam. Base on Plackett–Burman design, the results illustrated that the time (coefficient = - 3.87), temperature (coefficient =-5.32) and solvent ratio to the substance (coefficient = 4.37) were the most important variables influencing Cordycepin extraction. This study identified significant main factors, including time, temperature, and solvent, that could be considered for the next stage of the optimization technique using response surface methodology.
Determine the components of Kaffir Lime Oil (Citrus Hystrix DC.) in the Microwave-assisted Extraction Process
Authors: Hien T T , Quyen N T C , Minh P T H , Le X T
Published: December 2020

Essential oils (EOs) are a complex element consisting of dozens to hundreds of compounds different. The essential characteristics of essential oils are governed by the main components of essential oils including oxygen monoterpen, hydrocarbon monoterpene, oxygen sesquiterpene, carbonylic compound, phenol, fatty acids and esters, which determine the primary aroma of essential oil. Kaffir lime EOs (Citrus hystrix DC; Rutaceae) is increasingly being used as a flavoring in perfume, cosmetic industries and food. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to extract essential oils from Kaffir lime to determine the components that create this fragrance. Kaffir lime EOs is obtained from 100g of fresh citrus peels of Citrus hystrix DC by microwave extraction method in 60 minutes and 450W power. The quality of Kaffir lime peel oil is assessed based on the chromatography of the compound present by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shell analysis led to the identification of twenty-six compounds that make up 100% of the essential oil and yield is 6%. The main compounds in kaffir lime shells such as β-pinene (45.206%), α-pinene (2.365%), D-limonene (18.358%), citronellal (17.745%), terpinen-4-ol (4.9964%).
Preliminary study on phytochemical, phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Coriandrum Sativum l. originating in Vietnam
Authors: Nhut P T , Quyen N T N , Truc T T , Minh L V , An T N T , Anh N H T
Published: December 2020

In recent times, advances in the health views of many micronutrients, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, minerals, and molecular-level vitamins have opened a new horizon in the nutrition field. In Vietnam, spice vegetables have long been popularly used in daily meals, increasing the sense of taste of the food as well as taking advantage of the therapeutic properties that are beneficial to their health. Among them, Coriandrum sativum L. is most commonly used because of its attractive aroma and medicinal potential. These vegetable have anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and alleviated gastrointestinal tract problems, and they also show significant cancer-fighting potential. In this research, the leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. was tested for preliminary qualitative phytochemical composition, assessing phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid by aluminum chloride method and activity oxidation resistance (DPPH-2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results illustrated that the presence of components such as tannins, and saponin. Besides, the total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined as 113.08 mgGAE/g DW and 72.64 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant activity obtained with IC50 value were 78.309 ug/ml (DPPH) and 54.489 ug/ml (ABTS). This result shows the effectiveness of Coriandrum sativum L. in increasing antioxidant foods in daily meals.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Orange (Citrus
sinensis) Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Solvent free Microwave Extraction
Authors: Ngan T T K , Nguyen O B , Muoi N V , Truc T T , My V T N
Published: December 2020

Essential oils (EOs) have gained much media attention in recent years because of their advantages in various fields, including food preservation, pharmaceuticals, herbal medicine, and natural therapies. Phenolic components which exhibit antimicrobial activity, along with some healthy substances, are present abundantly in essential oils, hence their use to prevent bacterial growth. Oranges are amongst the world’s most popular fruits. Orange (Citrus sinensis) is widely recognized for its nutritious and medicinal properties. Since time immemorial, most parts of the orange plant from fruits, peels, flowers, leaves and juice are used as traditional medicine. Hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) were used to extract essential oils from orange fruit peels. The total volatile compound yield is obtained from 98-100% by HD and SFME. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the oils obtained from both method contained limonene (98.238% and 98.415, β-myrcene (1.169% and 1.172%) and α-pinene (0.548% and 0.413%). A small amount of sabinene (0.071%) and β- pinene (0.0032%) were only found in SFME-produced orange essential oil. The essential oils obtained from the two extraction methods were able to inhibit against Bacillus cereus.
Physico-chemical evaluation of jackfruit seed starch and its application in cupcake
Authors: Khang V C , Thanh V T , Nhan N P T , Yen Nhi T T , Nguyen D T , Luu T T , Quoc N T
Published: December 2020

Human widely uses starch as a rich carbohydrate source and inexpensive. They are used in many fields such as food, cosmetics, medicine due to the diverse structure and functionality of starch. Corn and tapioca starch are widely used and available in the market. Meanwhile, jackfruit starch is a new starch and people are concerned because they can bring economic benefits for manufacturers as well as their physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate the physicochemical properties of starch from jackfruit seeds, corn starch and cassava starch to select appropriate starch and apply jackfruit seed starch in food. Jackfruit starch was extracted from jackfruit seeds by alkaline steeping extraction method. Corn starch and tapioca starch were bought in the market. Some biological and physiochemical properties of starch seed from jackfruit such as nutrition, morphology, particle size distribution, viscosity, XRD and FTIR were approximately similar with tapioca and corn starch. The obtained results showed that jackfruit seed starch could be a potential alternative to the conventional starches. Moreover, can replace 15% of wheat flour into jackfruit seed starch in the process of cupcake. These result will generalize the characteristics of type of starches so that it can be applied to each specific process.
The Effects of Different Ethanol Concentration on Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content In Malaysian Propolis
Authors: Yusof N , Abdul Munaim M S , Kutty R Veloo
Published: December 2020

As compared to honey, propolis was considered ‘less explored’ in active compounds characterization study. The abundance of phytochemicals in propolis contributes to various medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing and antioxidative. The most common antioxidant groups found in propolis are phenolic acids and flavonoids. Hence, in the current study, we investigated the relationship between different ethanol concentrations on the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) extracted from propolis. Crude propolis was crushed and sieved before ultrasonic extractions using different ethanol concentrations (20, 50, 80%). The determination of total phenolic content was obtained from the reaction of propolis extract with Folin- Ciocalteu reagent. The result of the total phenolic content was obtained from gallic acid calibration curve and represented in gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Meanwhile, quantification of total flavonoid content was obtained from the reaction of the extract with methanolic solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The result of the total flavonoid content of the propolis was acquired from quercetin calibration curve and represented in quercetin equivalent (QE). The highest TPC and TFC were recorded at 80% ethanol being 8.898 mg GAE/ml and 0.034 mg QE/ml respectively. From the experimental data, it is shown that TPC and TFC are directly propotional to ethanol concentration.
Potential of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in Constructed Wetlands for the Removal of Water Pollution from Shrimp Farm Effluent
Authors: Nhan N T T , Tuong L Q
Published: December 2020

Management of shrimp aquaculture wastewater is still the major problems in fisheries. Objectives of this study are to set up laboratory-scale wetlands to evaluate the phytoremediator performance of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in improving aquaculture wastewater as a treatment technology from the first day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, 17 days and 21 days. The controlled and experimental design setup describes both constructed wetland by glass tank sizes with a circulation system. The controlled wetland dones’t have plants and an experimental wetland have plants with details as follows: Echinodorus Cordifolius had fresh weight 193.05±13.502 g, length of plant 55.5±2.081 cm, length of root 30.25 ±6.344 cm. Vallisneria Natans had fresh weight 57.58±0.05 g, length of plant 15cm, length of root 4cm. The results showed that the survival rate (SVR) of both aquatic plants in the experiment was 100% for Echinodorus Cordifolius and 16.7% for Vallisneria Natan in the 21-day experiment. Furthermore, the experimental wetland can be considered as an effective solution in reducing 95.68% of ammonium-nitrogen, 98.86% of nitrate-nitrogen, 60.02% of phosphate, 46,72% of chemical oxygen demand, 100% of iron, 97,4% of copper when compared with the concentration at the beginning of the experiment. To be concluded, the growth and development of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in this wetland has a positive effect on reducing pollutants of shrimp aquaculture effluents in all the 21day experiment.
Functional food in Viet Nam: Trends consumer online shopping in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors: Quan N H K , Yen N T N , Chung D D
Published: December 2020

Functional food is an interface between food and drug, but the food law governs it because the nature, structure, production, and use of functional foods comply with the provisions of the food law. Therefore the first issue is to distinguish functional foods and medicines. In the elderly, with increasing longevity and quality of life, primary health care is paid more attention, promoting health risk management and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. In Vietnam, about 100 adults have 27 people with high blood pressure. More than 10 million people with pre-diabetes patients and other chronic diseases such as arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, impaired memory, metabolic disorders. Ho Chi Minh City has 43% of adults who use functional foods. The development of broadband Internet helps Vietnamese people efficiently use internet-connected computers and smart mobile devices. This development has led to many Vietnam acceptance of online shopping with the development trend of functional foods as diverse and abundant in the emerging markets such as Vietnam, and the big cities have e-commerce activities early development. This study’s objective was to evaluate the factors demographics such as age, gender, income, information channels understand the product and place of production-related product trends of customers buying functional foods. This study surveyed 500 people and collected samples from 374 people using functional foods, aged 18 to 65 in Ho Chi Minh City, one of the places with the most developed e-commerce activities in Vietnam. The overall results show that demographic variables such as age, gender, income, product discovery information channels, and production place are significant premises related to online shopping and Customer confidence in the quality of functional food products. Among 374 people using functional foods, 247 (66%) people buy functional foods online. In people buying functional foods online, men represent 23.9%, and women represent 76.1%. Research shows that consumers’ demand trends, and the potential of innovation and the health benefits of an emerging market, development trends e-commerce for food markets function in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in the future.
Effect of Bacillus sp. as probiotic on the treatment of environment in brackish water shrimp aquaculture
Authors: Phung L T , Phung N K , Phuong T T M , Nicolas M , Vincent M , Sandra A , Philippe D. S. J.
Published: December 2020

In the face of increasing consumers demand for aquatic food products is to be safe and quality, requiring aquaculture farmers to strengthen preventive measures to limit the residues of chemicals and antibiotics in aquatic products, especially in the international markets. Therefore, the application of probiotics is considered to be the key to the success of aquaculture. In this work, we have studied probiotics produced fromBacillus, capable of treating environment in brackish water shrimp aquaculture. Apply 1x105CFU/mL water treatment concentration, 5 days/time. Shrimp with mean initial weight of 0.034 g. There were two treatments in triplicates including 1) the control (without supplementing bacteria); 2) supplementingBacillussubtilis. After 60 days, water quality parameters (DO, COD, TAN, NH3and TSS) indicated that in the supplemental probiotic treatments had better decomposition of organic substances and lowerVibriodensity than in the control treatments. Growth rate of shrimp in terms of daily weight gain and daily length gain were highest in treatment 2 (0.098±0.012 g/day) and 0.158±0.011 cm/day), and lowest in the control (0.078±0,009g/day) and 0.121±0.012 cm/day). These results indicated that supplementation of these bacteria in the culture medium could promote a better decomposition of organic matter, help improve survival and growth rate of shrimp.
Effect of Tryptone Concentration on Cyclodextrin Glucanotranferase (CGTase) Excretion and Cell Lysis of Immobilized Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Man R C , Illias R M , Shaarani S M , Arshad Z I M , Mudalip S K A , Sulaiman S Z , Mohamad Fuzi S F Z , Abdullah A A
Published: December 2020

The recombinant enzyme excretion into the culture medium provides significant advantages over cytoplasmic expression. Nevertheless, the problems encountered during the excretion of recombinant enzyme are the plasmid instability and occurrence of cell lysis. Various attempts have been made to improve the recombinant enzyme excretion and plasmid stability with the low occurrence of cell lysis. The approaches include the modification of the nitrogen sources in the medium such as tryptone, the use of cell immobilization system and lowering the induction temperature. In the present study, the effects of different tryptone concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 g/L) as nitrogen source in super optimal broth (SOB) medium on CGTase excretion and plasmid stability as well as cell lysis of the immobilized cell were studied. The recombinant E. coli was immobilized on polyvinylidene fluoride polymer (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane. The immobilized cells were expressed using 0.011 mM IPTG at 25°C, 200 rpm of agitation rate and pH 8.8 for 24 h of post induction time. The use of low tryptone concentration (5 g/l) produced high CGTase excretion (758.64 U/ml) and increased the plasmid stability (86% increment) with reduction of cell lysis (90% reduction) in comparison with the initial tryptone concentration (20 g/l). Hence, low concentration of tryptone could reduce the cost for CGTase production due to low amount of tryptone used in the fermentation process.
Screening of microorganisms from pineapple waste for fructooligosaccharides production
Authors: Tan L S , Sueb M S M , Chua G K , Shaarani S H N , Jamek S
Published: December 2020

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are one of the well-known low caloric value sweeteners with prebiotic properties that promote positives effects on consumer’s health. They are synthetically produced by transfructosylation of sucrose via microbial enzymes which are β-fructofuranosidases (FFase) (EC 3.2.1.26) and fructosyltransferase (FTase) (EC 2.4.1.9). Despite the large number of microbial FTases that are produced, the yield of FOS is low and has poor stability, thus, only a few of them have the potential for industrial application. Research for a new source of microbial enzyme for FOS production becomes necessary due to the high demand for FOS in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Fruit waste such as pineapple waste can be an alternative source of microbial enzyme for FOS production beside can be recycled as FOS substrate. This will reduce the dumping and open burning of these waste which eventually will lead to environmental pollution. This paper presents an experimental study of microbial screening from pineapple waste that can catalyze FOS production. Three different parts of pineapple waste were used in this study which are peels, pulps, and leaves. From screening, all the five isolated bacteria which belong to gram-positive groups did possess both hydrolytic and fructosyltransferase activity with bacteria isolated from leaves showed the highest fructosyltransferase activity which is 0.91 U/ml. Bacterial identification using sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that the isolated bacteria is from the genus Bacillus sp.
Effects of chemical hydrolysis operating parameters on the production of antioxidant from fish waste
Authors: Wai A L S , Man R C , Mudalip S K A , Sulaiman S Z , Arshad Z I M , Shaarani S M
Published: December 2020

Instead of being inappropriately disposed and causing sanitary and environmental problems, underutilised fish waste can be processed into value-added products such as antioxidants which can be used for pharmaceutical, medicine and agriculture purposes. In this study, chemical hydrolysis was chosen as it was more suitable for industrial scale, shorter time and cheaper compared to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, information on the operating parameters of fish waste chemical hydrolysis was scarce. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of types of solvents used, the concentration of HCl, demineralization time and deproteinization time on the production of antioxidant from fish waste via One Factor in Design Expert. Demineralization was carried out by immersing 10 g of fish waste in 0.2 M to 1.0 M of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 30 min to 150 min at room temperature and continued stirring at 150 rpm. Deproteinization occurred by introducing the sample into 1.0 M of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) for 30 min to 150 min at 60 °C and continued stirring at 150 rpm. These samples were then washed with distilled water and oven-dried at 60 °C for 5 hours. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) assays were used to analyze the availability of antioxidant by calculating the percentage of antioxidant activity and Gallic Acid Equivalent, GAE (g/L). The best concentration of HCl used was 0.72 M at 92 min of demineralization, 70 min of deproteinization and ethanol as the suitable solvent used in DPPH and TPC assays. These valuable findings are beneficial for further works on enhancing the production of antioxidant from marine sources like fish waste.