bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF 7-HYDROXY-2,8-DIMETHYL-4-OXO-3-PHENOXY-4H-6-CHROMENECARBALDEHYDE
Authors: Shokol Т. , Gorbulenko N. , Khilya V.
Published: March 2019

Ortho-hydroxyformylchromones are convenient syntones for the construction of linear and angular hetarenochromones. Usually, 7-hydroxy-6-formylchromones were synthesized by oxidation of natural linear furochromones: visnagin and kellin and their synthetic analogues. The Duff reaction, which is the formylation of phenols in the ortho-position by heating with hexamethylenetetramine followed by acidic hydrolysis of intermediate imine, was also used to convert 7-hydroxychromones into 7-hydroxy-6-formylchromones, but in this case there were some difficulties because of the passivity of position 6 in 7-hydroxychromones compared to position 8 to the electrophilic attack. Thus, for the preparation of 7-hydroxy-6-formylchromones, it is necessary to use 8-substituted derivatives and to provide formylation for a long time.A method for the synthesis of 7-hydroxy-6-formylchromones based on 8-substituted 7-hydroxy-6-dialkylaminomethylchromones and hexamethylenetetramine was developed using the Duff reaction conditions. This method was demonstrated on the synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-phenoxy-4H-6-chromenecarbaldehyde from 6-dimethylaminomethyl-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3-phenoxy-4H-4-chromenone and hexamethylenetetramine in glacial acetic acid at reflux. It should be noted that when carrying out this reaction under heating on a water bath with subsequent hydrochloric acid hydrolysis only Mannich basehydrochloride was isolated from the reaction mixture. The starting 6-dimethylaminomethyl-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3-phenoxy-4H-4-chromenone was synthesized from 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-phenoxyethanone in three steps. Acylation of the latter with acetic anhydride in the presence of triethylamine followed by condensation afforded 2,8-dimethyl-4-оxо-3-phenoxy-4Н-7-chromenylаcetate. Subsequent removal of acetyl protection resulted in 7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3-phenoxy-4H-4-chromenone, which on introduction into the Mannich reaction with bisdimethylaminomethane in dioxane gave rise to the desired 6-dimethylaminomethyl derivative.
BEHAVIOR OF ACID HYDROLYSIS IN BLOCK COPOLYMERS COMPRISING POLYACRYLAMIDE AND POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)
Authors: Kunitskaya L. , Zheltonozhskaya T.
Published: March 2019

Polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers have been intensively investigated as nano-carrier systems for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Diblock copolymers PEO-b-PAAm (DBC) and thriblock copolymers PAAm-b-PEO-b-PAAm (TBC) contained biocompatible chemically complementary polyacrylamide and poly(ethylene oxide) formed micellar structures in aqueous solutions which have hydrophobic complex “core” formed by the hydrogen-bonded PEO/PAAm chains and hydrophilic “corona” of the surplus segments of PAAm blocks. The ability of DBCs and TBCs to bind the anticancer drug doxorubicin was established. This opened the new prospects for using such copolymers as nanocontainers for toxic and poorly soluble drugs. Successful implementation of DBC and TBC micelles for drug delivery requires the presence a special vectors, particularly galactose, in the micellar “corona”. Such vectors can recognize corresponding receptors on a cellular surface, interact with them, and penetrate into the intracellular space by the endocytosis pathway. In order to introduce the galactose vectors into DBC or TBC micelles, the corona forming PAA blocks have to contain the corresponding active groups, such as –OH, –COO–, –NH2. Therefore, the methods of DBCs (TBCs) functionalization are particularly important since it allows to input the necessary saccharides and also to expand the applications of micellar nanocarriers to encapsulate and delivery of both the drug substances and genetic materials. In the present work, the polymer-analogous conversion of DBCs and TBCs by the acid hydrolysis of PAAm blocks at 50°C was studied. Kinetic investigations of the hydrolysis reaction of DBCs (TBCs) in comparison with pure PAAm were performed by potentiometric titration. It was established that the process of acid hydrolysis of diblock- and thriblock copolymers depends on the blocks length and occurs more intensive in the block copolymers which have longest PEO and PAA chains. The reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. The fact is that hydrolysis of DBCs samples develops efficiently in comparison with TBCs ones attributed to the steric obstacles which appears in TBCs micelles because of their more complicated structure.
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THERMOSTATABILITIVE ACTION ON POLYSTYRENE OF NEW METHACRYLIC MONOMERS BASED ON AURONE
Authors: Iukhymenko N. , Kharchenko O. , Smokal V. , Kolendo А.
Published: March 2019

In this work, 6-hydroxy- and 4'-hydroxyaurones were synthesized by condensation reaction of 6-hydroxybenzofuran-3-one with benzaldehyde and benzofuran-3-one with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Methacrylic monomers – (2Z)-6-methacryloxy-2-(4-R-benzylidene)-1-benzofuran-3-(2H)-one and a new 4-[(Z)-(3-oxo-1-benzofuran-2-(3H)ilidene)methyl]phenyl-2-methyl acrylate were obtained by acylation with the methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine as HCl acceptor at the temperature 0–5°C. These monomers were synthesized to create special purpose polymers. New methacrylic derivatives are not deeply painted and stable in air crystalline monomers. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral methods. 1H NMR (400 MHz) spectra were recorded on a Mercury (Varian) 400 spectrometer with tetramethylsilane as internal standard in DMSO-d6. The intrachain thermostabilizing effect of these monomers on the polystyrene destruction processes was studied. Polystyrene and its modified samples were obtained by radical thermoinitiated polymerization (initiator – azo-bis-isobutyronitrile – 1 mass percent) in ethyl acetate at the temperature 78°C during 16 hours. In a case modified samples, 3 mol percent of aurone containing monomers were added. Destruction of modified polystyrene was studied by using dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. Destruction of modified polystyrene was carried out in a Simultaneous Differential Thermogravimetric Analyzer which combines a heat-flux type DTA with a TGA (Shimadzu, DTG-60, Japan). Simultaneous TG, DTG and DTA curves were obtained and sample weight loss as functions of time and temperature were recorded continuously under dynamic conditions. Sintered a-alumina was used as the reference material. Sample with mass of 4 mg was inserted directly into platin crucible and temperature was ramped from 20 to 600°C. The heating rates were controlled at 10°C/min. Experiments were performed under an air atmosphere. It was established, that the investigated additives covalently attached to the polystyrene are inhibited the polystyrene destruction processes. Moreover, the additive with the methacrylic group in 6-position of the aurone is significantly more efficient than with the methacrylic group in 4’- position. It has been shown that samples of modified polystyrene by the applications of 4'-methacryloxy aurone and 6-methacryloxy aurone are more thermostable than the industrial sample of polystyrene of brand STYRON (Switzerland). It was shown that the temperature of 10% of the mass loss of modified samples is higher on 14–34 degrees than for the sample of polystyrene of brand STYRON. Thus, the new additives could be proposed for thermostabilizing of polystyrene production.
CARBON MONOXIDE ADSORPTION SEMICONDUCTOR SENSOR CREATED ON THE BASE OF THE NANOSIZED MATERIAL Pt/SnO2
Authors: Yurchenko D. , Oleksenko L. , Maksymovych N. , Fedorenko G. , Matushko I.
Published: March 2019

Nanosized material SnO2 was obtained by a sol-gel technique to create a sensor purposed for determination of carbon monoxide concentration in air. Platinum was added to the nanosized tin dioxide by a wet impregnation method using H2PtCl6 solution. According to TEM data the average size of the SnO2 particles in the obtained nanosized tin dioxide was equal to 10–11 nm. Sensor nanomaterials based on SnO2 and Pt/SnO2 powders which were sintered at 620°C in air atmosphere consisted of spheric particles with average sizes 20 and 14–15 nm, correspondingly. Phase compositions of the obtained nanomaterials were studied by the XRD method. Only a phase of cassiterite was detected for the nanomaterials with and without platinum. The absence of any reflexes of platinum-containing phases in the diffraction pattern of Pt/SnO2 is most likely due to the low content of platinum in the material. It was shown that dopping the nanosized SnO2 materials by platinum lead to increase their catalytic activities in the reaction of CO oxidation: the temperature of practically complete conversion of CO using Pt/SnO2 catalyst was equal to 110°С. The sensor created on the base of Pt/SnO2 nanomaterial was found to be more sensitive to CO than the one created without platinum in the range of its heater power consumption 0.25–0.45 W. High catalytic activity of the Pt/SnO2 nanomaterial in the reaction of CO oxidation is a reason of such sensor sensitivity increase. The dependence of the sensitivity of the sensor on the heater power consumption has a maximum that can be explained by the change of the amount of oxygen chemisorbed on the sensor gas sensitive layer when the sensor temperature is increased. The maximal sensor sensitivity to CO is γ = 10 at the optimal heater power consumption of the sensor (0.3 W). The created sensor to CO based on the nanomaterial Pt/SnO2 was found to be very fast. The response time of the sensor (τ0,9) was equal to 4,5 sec and the relax time (τrelax) was equal to 9.8 sec. It was shown that the created sensor based on nanomaterial Pt/SnO2 has high sensitivity to carbon monoxide and possess good dynamic properties, which makes the sensor to be promising for usage it in gas analytical devices purposed for determination of CO in air.
SPECTORPHOTOMETRIC AND PROTOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF FUSED CYANOPIRIDINES
Authors: Kyr’iakulov V. , Makeev A. , Keda T. , Zaporozhets O.
Published: March 2019

Development of new optical probes is a promising trend that has been actively implemented in recent years. A rational design of the probes should consider a number of parameters that contribute to the ability of the probe to exhibit highly selective optical response to the analyte. The obvious criteria are the chemical stability and reactivity of the probe, its photostability and the possibility of its reusable application. In this work, new probes based on fused benzothiazoles with different heterocyclic substituents were studied. The spectrophotometric characteristics of compounds in dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile and ethanol solutions were obtained. The probes exhibited the absorption in the near UV region and the blue part of the visible spectrum. Absorption spectra of the molecules are characterized by broad band with absorption maximum around 391–400 nm. The selected compounds demonstrated a slight positive solvatochromism. The blue shift of absorption maxima is due to the formation of protonated form of the probe in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Further, in basic conditions, the absorbance maxima of the probes are localized at longer wavelength (Δλ around 80 nm). Reversibility of compounds in the reactions of deprotonation-protonation was studied. Formal protonation constants of compounds (lgKpf) in water-organic solutions were calculated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry titration method. Protonation constants of probes are in the range: lgKpf = 2.67–4.95. The obtained values of the protonation constants are in good agreement with the data calculated using the software ACD Labs. The presence of the amidine fragment in the structure of the chromophore core leads to an increase in its basicity, with respect to heterocyclic substituents. It was shown that the presence of a substituent more basic than benzothiazole leads to the destruction of the probe in solution with a pH 11. It occurs due to the opening of the iminopyridine cycle into its synthetic precursor. Based on the results, 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1-imino-1H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-4-carbonitrile was selected for further use as sensitive pH probe.
IR-SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC STUDIES OF THE COBALT, COPPER AND ZINC COMPLEXES BASED ON GLYPHOSATE
Authors: Ablyatipova A. A. , Beruashvili T. , Gubina K.
Published: March 2019

The complexes with Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) based on glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) have been synthesized and studied by means of IR-, electron diffusion spectroscopies, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. The coordination behavior between glyphosate and carbacylamidophosphates was compared. By means of IR spectroscopy, it was found that regardless of the ratio of reacting components (metal salt and glyphosate) the coordination compounds of the same type for each metal are always formed. The spectrum of the glyphosate and complexes with it can be divided into two parts, corresponding to the different donor groups of the ligand. Between 1500 and 1800 cm-1 strong peaks are found, mostly associated with stretching motions of the carboxylate group, while the region 800–1200 cm-1 is dominated by peaks originating from the phosphonate. The changes in frequencies of phosphate P–O (Δ(PО)=127 cm-1 for Na4CuL2, 144 cm-1 for Na4CоL2 and 21 cm-1 for ZnHL); NH– and C=O (Δ(CО)=102 cm-1 for Na4CuL2, 133 cm-1 for Na4CоL2, and 123 cm-1 for ZnHL) peaks indicate the involvement of these groups in coordination. The ν(C–O)a is shifted to higher frequency and broadened. The thermal decomposition process of glyphosate was studied by the DT and TG analysis. The results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of glyphosate was above 198°C. And the decomposition process was divided into three stages: the zero stage is the decomposition of impurities, and the mass loss in the first and second stage may be methylene and carbonyl, respectively. It has been found that the ligand in the mentioned complexes is coordinated tridentivly via the nitrogen atom of amino group and oxygen atoms of the carbonyl and phosphate groups. The electronic spectrum of diffuse reflection of the cobalt (II) complex showed only one peak in the 534 nm region, corresponding to 4T1g (F)→ 4T1g (P) transition. This fact indicating the octahedral environment of the cobalt atom in complexes and causes its pink coloration. On the base of TGA and DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, the following compositions of the complexes were proposed: Na4CuL2, Na4CоL2 and ZnHL. Based on the literature data and our studies it was assumed that above structures contain fivemembered chelate rings with the amine, carboxylate, and phosphonate groups of the glyphosate ligand involved in chelation. Unlike 3d-metal complexes with carbacylamidophosphates, the phosphoryl group of glyphosate does not participate in coordination.
DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF PROTECTED AREAS IN URBANIZED ZONES
Authors: Havrylenko O. , Tsyhanok E.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the state of development and implementation of the ecosystem services concept in the world and in Ukraine as an integral part of the global economic value of the planet. The impact of the quality of ecosystem services of protected areas on the urban infrastructure functioning is not researched well; the consideration of the importance of protected areas ecosystem services of urban areas for large cities vital activities is limited; also, there is a need to manage such territories on the basis of the ecosystem approach. This study substantiates the necessity of identification and evaluation of protected areas of ecosystem services in urban zones. The research of main causes and factors of ecosystem services degradation in the urbanized environment has been done on the example of the regional landscape park «Lysa Gora» in Kyiv-city. It has revealed the value of supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services of ecosystems within the limits of each park’s landscape-functional zone for the city’s livelihoods. The most important services provided by the ecosystems of the landscape park reserve zone are the habitats preservation of the most valuable populations of the Red List plants, animals and mushrooms species and their biodiversity, soil formation, deflation of rocks, water infiltration and moisture accumulation, herb maintenance of surface and underground drainage, replenishment soil moisture, the flow of nutrients and water, the primary products production and oxygen production in the process of photosynthesis, the regulation air quality and balance in it dioxide and oxygen, ultraviolet rays protection, microclimate regulation, implement erosion and biological control. Among the ecosystem services of the regulated recreation zone, the most important are recreational, environmentally education, cultural, behavioural and scientific-cognitive, whose value is significantly increased in an urbanized environment. The real threat of the Kyiv’s loss of the valuable biodiversity focus and recreation areas is the result of conflicts between different subjects of nature using. There has been created a mapping, which shows the main factors of the study area ecosystem services degradation. In particular, within the reserve zone, such factors are frequent arrival of motor transport, laying quad bikes excursion routes by the most valuable parts of the park, misuse of the reserve zone, dumping of garbage in natural reservoirs, tree felling. The most common causes of ecosystem services degradation within the regulated recreation zone are the massive unorganized recreation of the local population, widespread firefighting, municipal waste incineration, sanitary logging, dumping of building debris, etc. In order to preserve and restore the landscape park ecosystem services quality, which is used by a significant part of the local population, the conflicts identified must be eliminated immediately.
A Comparison Study of International Development-Caused Forced Displacement and Resettlement by the World Bank and Gentrification in Washington, DC
Authors: Khoury Katalina
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the similarities, and distinctions, between two types of development-caused forced displacement and resettlement (DFDR): (1) international DFDR processes by the World Bank, and (2) gentrification in US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) or cities. First, this article provides a review and commentary on the literature on international DFDR by the World Bank. Second, this article does the same with DFDR by gentrification in Washington, DC based on the work of the DC Grassroots Planning Coalition—a Washington, DC coalition working to voice a community-based perspective to the DC City Council on gentrification issues, including affordable housing. Finally, a discussion is provided comparing the two types of DFDR.
From Bean to Bar: Cultural Esteem and Healing through Chocolate
Authors: Small Dan , Bolton Shelley , Zwaryck Sarah , Turone Danielle , Hanuse Belrina
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we describe a business with cultural purpose. East Vancouver Roasters (EVR) engages women recovering from addiction and trauma in the creation of chocolate from raw cocoa beans in Canada's most demonized community: Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. The initiative has a number of goals. First, it is designed to reach a population with innovative, low-barrier employment. Second, it seeks to create a viable business with social conscience (a social enterprise). Third, its wider cultural goal is to generate social and economic capital intended to bolster community esteem. Finally, EVR presents opportunities to learn from women with psycho-spiritual pain about the meaning of work and barriers to employment. We share our stories here to describe a social enterprise from the perspective of social actors involved in its creation and operation.
Goals and Methods of Correctional Aid to a Child with Autism
Authors: Nikolskaya O.S. , Baenskaya E.R. , Guseva I.E.
Published: March 2019

The paper presents a comparative analysis of two close directions in psychological intervention for children with autism — the DIR/Floortime model and the Emotional-Semantic approach both aimed to return a child to a healthy mental and social developmental pathway. We follow through the similarities and divergences in the theoretical views of two approaches and in their realization in practice. It is shown that despite the common main direction of intervention, such as helping the child in his/her affective development that occurs in the course of changing emotional relationships with his/her caregivers, there are significant differences in the tasks, methods and intervention techniques. Similarities and differences in establishing and developing emotional contact with the child are analyzed, as well as the ways of engaging him/her in communication and interaction, overcoming rigidity and developing spontaneous and flexible behavior, building affective experience, stimulating and developing verbal communication.
Cinsiyet Tayininde Rugaların Kullanımı: Bir Ön Çalışma
Authors: Yaşar Zehtiye Füsun , Pelin İsmail Can , Büken Erhan , Zengin Hatice Yağmur , Kürkçüoğlu Ayla , Dayangaç Bülent , Koç Fırat
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence palatal ruga samples in terms of number, length, shape, association with the side branches and the direction of settlement aspects in the Anatolian population, and to question the usability of palatal rugae in sex determination of victims in forensic cases and in mass disasters.
Materials and Methods:Rugae of upper jaw model belonging to 248 individuals were analyzed by using Thomas-Kotze and Closed classification system and statistical analysis of male and female rugae types was made during the study. For the evaluation of the data, SPSS (17.0) version and Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test, Mannn-Whitney U analyses were used.
Findings:During the study 2367 rugae from 132 (53.2%) females and 116 (46.8%) males were analyzed. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that sex was not an effective factor on rugae number, that the total number of rugae varied between 6-15 in women, 5-18 in men and that there was no statistically meaningful difference (p=0.161) in distribution of rugae numbers between sex groups. Besides, it was determined that there is no meaningful correlation between rugae length and sex (p=0.526), between rugae shape and sex (p=0.672), between sex and adjunction shapes of rugae lateral branches (p=0.189) and between sex and rugae location directions (p=005).
Conclusion:Based on the evaluation, the most frequently seen rugae types were determined to be the primary type with respect to length and curved type with respect to shape. Sexual dimorphism was not seen in any ...
Postmortem Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcer Perforation and Peritonitis with Sarcina Ventriculi: A Case Report
Authors: Buğra Aytül , Daş Taner , Elgörmüş Neval , Ayaz Gizem
Published: March 2019

Sarcina ventriculi is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus with characteristic tetrad morphology. Sarcina ventriculiis identified by light microscopy with features of basophilic staining, cuboidal shape, tetrad morphology, and refractile nature. There have been very few case reports of Sarcina ventriculi reported in the literature. We present a case of a 53-year-old male, with gastric ulcer perforation where peritonitis was incidentally found to harbor Sarcina ventriculi in postmortem histopathological examination. Most of the cases exhibit abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and delayed gastric emptying. It has also fatal life-threatening complications, such as gastric perforation and emphysematous gastritis. The histopathological examination has a key role for identification of the bacteria. The pathologist must always keep it in mind these bacteria as a cause of gastric ulcer perforation in the differential diagnosis. We want to present a case of a 53-year-old male gastric ulcer perforation who was found dead in his bed.
Biyocoğrafik Soy Tahmini ve Adli Bilimlerde Kullanımı
Authors: Bülbül Özlem , Filoğlu Gönül
Published: March 2019

In forensic applications SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) markers are used for identification, determination of phenotypes, lineage and ancestry. Ancestry informative SNP markers (AISNPs), which show differences between populations in different geographic regions, are used for estimating of the biogeographic ancestry. The biogeographical origin of a person and the percentage of genetic lineage taken from each biogeographic region can be determined using AISNP markers. This information may assist forensic investigations of unknown contributors or identification of missing persons and disaster victims. In this review, biogeographic ancestry concept, AISNPs panels used in estimation of the biogeographic ancestry, application methods, statistical methods, and current forensic applications has been discussed.
Çocuklarda Trafik Kazası Nedeniyle Oluşan Maluliyet ve Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: Yazıcı Selçuk , Can Muhammet
Published: March 2019

The word ‘Disability’ is defined injury. Road vehicles, related traffic accidents, accidents and deaths due to accidents are increasing day by day. 108 children aged 0-18 years were included in our study.  Cases were  divided into subgroups (G) according to age, G1 (0-6 years old pre-school group), G2 (7-12 age primary age group) and G3 (12-18 age group). Many parameters such as traffic accident type (in the vehicle, pedestrian, motorcycle), seat (front, back), fracture type and number of fractures were taken into consideration. The mean age of the children was 12.98 years (SD: 4,364 years). 68 were male (63.0%) and 40 were female (37.0%). The mean disability rate was 10.85% (range 2% to 59%). There was no difference between gender. 41 of the cases were in the vehicle, 35 were on motorcycles and 32 were pedestrians. The mean disability rate (27.13%, SD 27.77) was significantly higher in patients with open bone fractures compared to other fractures. Scoring systems, which are widely used at international level in the post-traumatic examination of pediatric patients, have not been introduced to general practice in our country yet. We believe that the use of scoring systems prepared or modified for children is important for treatment, for forensic reporting of children with sequelae due to traffic accident and aslo for their further life. Finally, how accurate is it that children are accepted as unskilled workers in disability calculations according to the regulations used in our country?
Profesyonel Araç Sürücülerinde Sürücü Davranışları ve Becerileri ile Alkol, Madde ve İlaç Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aktaş Alev , Döğer Rukiye , Akgür Serap Annette
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Driver behavior and skills are among the main factors that constitute the risk of accidents in traffic. Driving behavior under the influence of alcohol and drug abuse is an important traffic problem that causes deaths, pecuniary damage and injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of alcohol, drug abuse and medicine use in professional drivers and to evaluate the relationship between these substances and driver behavior and skills.
Methods: The study was performed with 90 professional drivers working in 4 different town of İzmir. questionnaire form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), CAGE Alcohol Screening Test, Driver Behavior Scale (DBS) and Driving Skills Scale (DSS) were applied to drivers. The data were analyzed statistically with SPSS 18.0 (p <0.05 significance level).
Results: Drivers were between the ages of 20-67 and the average age was 42,9 ± 12,7 years. 46,7% of them have been professional drivers for more than 20 years. The majority of drivers used cigarettes (57,8%) and alcohol (63,3%). The reported substances and drugs use percentage from drivers were 55,6% painkillers to increase their attention and/or alertness in traffic, 12,2% tranquilizers, 1,1% steroids, 20% cannabis, 3,3% amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), 2,2 % synthetic cannabis at least once through their life-time. Significant differences were found between alcohol and cannabis use and errors, rule violations and the ability to safe driving.
Conclusion: It will be useful to consider driving behavior well-rounded with psychological, psychiatric and forensic toxicological aspects. The results of our study showed that drug abuse...
Fatiga laboral, mediante la aplicación del SOFI-SM en bomberos mexicanos
Authors: Melendez López José Miguel Antuan , González Muñoz Elvia Luz , González Baltazar Raquel
Published: March 2019

Introducción: La fatiga física o muscular es la disminución de la capacidad física del individuo debida a una tensión muscular estática, dinámica o repetitiva. La fatiga laboral en los bomberos es un fenómeno que no ha logrado controlarse o disminuirse. Por lo que se requiere caracterizarla para diseñar programas de prevención.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de fatiga laboral en bomberos de Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, de tipo analítico, realizado en el 2018. Se realizó una encuesta con el instrumento SOFI-SM (Inventario sueco de fatiga ocupacional) para evaluar la fatiga laboral. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis bivariado con la fatiga y las variables de edad, sexo, escolaridad, estado civil, antigüedad y turno.

Resultados: La fatiga laboral física fue la predominante con un nivel inadecuado para un 64.2% de la población estudiada; solamente se encontró asociación significativa con el turno.

Conclusión: Se encontró un nivel alto de fatiga en los bomberos, en tres niveles: Nivel inadecuado con acciones aconsejadas, Nivel inadecuado con acciones prioritarias y Nivel inaceptable. Este nivel de fatiga podría causar una limitación funcional, una baja de rendimiento y quizá la toma de malas decisiones, lo que en esta población podría resultar catastrófico desde el punto de vista social, laboral y personal. Se recomienda generar intervenciones basadas en una visión preventiva de la fatiga laboral en los bomberos, para lograr un adecuado control o una disminución de su incidencia, tomando en cuenta las necesidades y recursos disponibles en esta población.
A comparative study of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Karini Deepthi , Kumar Lotheti Siva , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi
Published: March 2019

Background: Depression in old age is an emerging public health problem leading to morbidity and disabling effect on the quality of life. Depression in elderly is not yet perceived as a public health problem and is grossly underdiagnosed and undertreated. The physical and social environment plays an important role on the mental health of the elderly. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess and compare the depression among elderly residing in old age homes (OAHs) and community. The objective of the study was to assess and compare depression among elderly residing in OAHs and those living in community.Methods: A cross sectional study was done from October to December, 2016 among 100 elderly, of which 50 were inmates of old age homes and 50 were living in community selected by house to house survey. A pre tested, externally validated short form geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) in the local language is used after taking informed consent.Results: Prevalence of depression was high among inmates of old age homes (80%) compared to those of community (52%), this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). On analyzing the association between sociodemographic factors and depression among the elderly residing in the community, it was found that marital status and presence of chronic disease were significantly associated with depression (p<0.05). Whereas among the elderly residing in old age homes, no significant asociation was found between depression and the sociodemographic factors.Conclusions: High prevalence of depression observed among the studied population indicates the need of screening for depression among elderly.
A study on self-care practices and dietary barriers among type 2 diabetes patients attending outpatient department in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi
Authors: Kavya N. P. , Bant Dattatreya D.
Published: March 2019

Background: Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose and is recognized as an important cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Self-care practice in diabetes patient is a critical factor to achieve glycaemic control thus in preventing or delaying its complications.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 type 2 diabetic patients attending the outpatient department in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi during the period of June-July 2018. Diabetic patients diagnosed more than 3 months were included. Data was collected by interview method using pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire which consists of information on socio-demographic data, diabetic profile, self-care practices and dietary barriers. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS package.Results: This study showed that 67.9% of study participants were consuming diabetic diet, 17.1% practice exercise for more than 3 days a week, 93.6% were taking medication regularly, 15% practised foot care for >3times a week and 89.3% monitored their blood glucose regularly. The main barriers for dietary practices were lack of knowledge (24%) and lack of motivation (18%). Compliance to diabetic diet was more among the urban population compared to rural (p=0.025).Conclusions: Study concludes that the practice of self-care activities was poor in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and adherence to medication which necessitates the need to create awareness regarding self-care practices and its importance among diabetic patients.
Cervical cancer: perception of peripheral health workers in Lucknow: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ansari Arshi , Agarwal Monika , Singh V. K. , Nutan Kumari , Deo Sujata
Published: March 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among Indian women. Cervical cancer incidence reduces dramatically when effective screening programs linked with access to treatment are in place and are readily accessible. Peripheral health workers (PHWs) being frontline workers have a major influence on raising awareness among community about acceptability of available screening programmes. This study was thus conducted to assess the awareness of PHWs regarding risk factors, signs and symptoms, early detection and prevention for cervical cancer.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted among 450 PHWs (ASHAs and BHWs). Information was collected regarding their bio-social characteristics, awareness about female cancers, risk factors, signs/symptoms, early detection methods and services available for screening and prevention of cervical cancer.Results: Awareness of different aspects of cervical cancer was found to be very low. Only eight per cent of the PHWs had good awareness score. BHWs obtained statistically significant better mean scores as compared to ASHAs. Few (7.6%) PHWs had received training for any type of female cancers. Only 17 per cent of the PHWs were aware of HPV vaccine availability and only 29 per cent from them could name the vaccine.Conclusions: Majority of the PHWs had poor awareness about cervical cancer and available screening facility in our health system. They had almost no idea of availability of free HPV vaccination at the Sampoorna clinics. This low level of awareness calls for regular training of PHWs on cervical cancer which would ultimately trickle down to the community.
Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for ischemic stroke: a case control study
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Semwal Jayanti , Shikha Deep , Singh Yashpal , Bansal Dheeraj , Bhattacharya Sudip
Published: March 2019

Background: In developed countries, stroke is the third most common cause of mortality, following cancer and coronary heart disease. The increase risk is often seen in individuals with diabetes and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes (including higher mortality). That’s why assessment of risk factors for stroke are important.Methods: This age and sex matched hospital based case control study assessed the risk factors of ischemic stroke in tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. Sample size was calculated for matched case control (1:1 ratio) by n-master software and came out to be 189 pairs. All patients under WHO case definition were enrolled as cases for study purpose, controls were selected from the same hospital with disease other than stroke. Analysis was conducted through calculation of odd ratio (OR) and confidence internal (CI) by using SPSS 22.0 program. Odds ratio (OR) of risk factor was calculated using bivariate analysis.Results: Results revealed that male: female ratio among the case and control was 2.1:1, mean age of case and control were 58.86±13.03 and 58.21±12.67. Out of 189 Case, 59 (31.2%) were suffering from diabetes, while only 39 (20.6%) controls were having diabetes mellitus. P value was 0.02, which is significant.Conclusions: In the present hospital based case control study, it was found that diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor among the ischemic stroke patients.
Metabolic syndrome and its socio demographic and behavioral correlates: a cross sectional study among adult patients attending medicine outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital, West Bengal
Authors: Kunti Sanjoy Kumar , Ghosh Santanu , Samanta Amrita , Chakraborty Indranil
Published: March 2019

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a pre-condition for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide.Methods: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to estimate the proportion of MS and to explore crucial risk factors for MS among adult patients attending medicine OPD in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. The estimated final sample size was 315. Baseline socio demographic information and information on risk factors for MS, such as dietary habit, physical activity status, substance use, intake of related drugs, and presence of co-morbidities were collected by interviewing the patients with the help of a predesigned, pretested, structured schedule. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference recordings were taken, and blood pressure was measured.Results: About 64% of the final study population (210/330) suffered from MS. On bivariate analysis, significant association between female gender (df=1, Pearson chi-square=5.06, p=0.024), weekly frequency of consumption of junk foods (df=3, Pearson chi-square=10.40, p=0.015) and obesity according to BMI (independent samples Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.010) at 5% level of significance were observed. Performing binary logistic regression analysis, obesity according to BMI (AOR=1.388, 95% CI=1.064-1.810) was found to be significant.Conclusions: Majority of the population suffered from MS who were mostly female, obese and consumers of junk foods. Appropriate interventional measures in terms of life style modification both at community and at tertiary care level are the need of the hour.
Unmet need for family planning of married women in rural areas of Kalaburagi: an application of multiple logistic regression model
Authors: Jamadar Deepak , Joshi K. P.
Published: March 2019

Background: Unmet need for family planning, which refers to the condition in which there is the desire to avoid or post-pone child bearing, without the use of any means of contraception, has been a core concept in the field of international population. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting for unmet need for family planning among married women in the age group of 15-49 years of rural areas of Kalaburagi. By multiple logistic regression model and stepwise forward logistic regression model to estimate the parameters of the model, odds ratios and log likelihood values are computed. Testing of hypothesis of goodness of fit of the model is carried out by Hosmer and Lemeshow test.Methods: 600 married women in the age group of 15-49 years were the study participants who were selected randomly from the 7 taluks of rural areas by using multistage sampling techniques.Results: Total of 26 explanatory variables are included in the model, in which only 5 explanatory variables (19.00%) are found to be significant regression coefficients i.e., education of married women, abortion, physical deformities baby, ideal gap between children, contraceptive used in past normal level of significance (p<0.05).Conclusions: The test statistic of all five models, only model 4 and model 5 fit well with response variable for the rural sample data.
A study on relation of sociodemographic factors and living conditions on health of female youth in urban slums of Amritsar city
Authors: Maurya Neha , Deepti Shyam Sunder , Mahajan Sanjeev , Singh Tejbir , Lal Mohan , Kaur Jasleen
Published: March 2019

Background: Slums are most vulnerable and deprived areas within a city. The unhygienic and polluted environment, overcrowding, poor housing and absence of educational exposure affect youth in slums. Consequently, their health is affected adversely.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four slums, one each from four different directions (north, south, east and west) of Amritsar city. A total of 1000 respondents, 250 from each slum were interviewed by using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: Out of total study population, 41.2% of the families had migrated from other states, Overcrowding was present in majority (92%) of the families, 20% of the respondents didn’t have latrine facility at their home, 44.4% respondents throw their garbage waste in the open space nearby their dwellings and 45% of population was not satisfied with the cleanliness of their slum, 54.6% of the respondents reported to have some kind of health problem during last three months. Educational status, socio-economic status and overcrowding were significant factors affecting their health.Conclusions: Important factor in causation of disease were found to be poor socio-economic status, lack of education and overcrowding. There is a strong need to intensify the IEC/BCC activities to raise the awareness about the health-related issues.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana
Authors: Rani Babita , Pal Ravinder , Jha S. K. , Punia Anita , Singh Sanjeet , . Tarun
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for death and disability globally and disproportionately impacts low-and middle-income countries. HTN is present in 25% of urban and 10% of rural subjects in India. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN among the attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A total of 309 attendants of patients were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis of pre-HTN and HTN was done on the basis of seventh joined national committee guidelines. Data were collected on a semi-structured proforma and were analysed by using R software.Results: The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 18.4% and 21.4% respectively. Both the pre-HTN and HTN were significantly higher in males (p=0.002) and in the age group of 45 to 55 years (p<0.001). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age >55 years and BMI >23 kg/m2 were significantly associated with pre-HTN and HTN.Conclusions: The prevalence of both prehypertension and hypertension is high in rural Haryana. This makes the people of this area vulnerable to several chronic diseases. The ﬁndings warrant urgent measures to lower the risk factors in rural communities. So, programs are needed to improve the surveillance systems and implementation of community based screening programs for early detection of hypertension.
Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in an urban population of North Kerala
Authors: Vasudevan Bindhu , S. Silpa
Published: March 2019

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are becoming a challenge to public health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Most of these diseases are preceded by variable periods of chronic respiratory symptoms. If chronic respiratory symptoms can be diagnosed and managed properly and timely, we can reduce the incidence and complication of chronic respiratory diseases.Methods: A community based cross sectional survey was conducted in 20 electoral wards of Calicut corporation of Northern Kerala among the adult resident population of 20-70 years to assess the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, phlegm, wheezing, breathlessness and nasal allergy and the factors associated with these chronic symptoms. The information was collected from 1384 eligible subjects selected by cluster sampling using British research council respiratory questionnaire.Results: About 9.2% (n=95) of study population had at-least one of the chronic respiratory symptoms. 1.8% (n=19) had all the chronic respiratory symptoms. Prevalence of various chronic respiratory symptoms was chronic cough (8.7%), Phlegm (14.3%), wheezing (8.5%), breathlessness (2.2%) and nasal allergy (14.5%). Advancing age, current smoking, family history and past history of various respiratory diseases are significantly associated with the development of chronic respiratory symptoms. Female gender, longer duration of stay in Calicut corporation and regular alcoholism were significantly associated with chronic phlegm in the study population. Wheezing, breathlessness and chronic nasal allergy was significantly higher among lower socio economic status.Conclusions: Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms is high among the urban population of Northern Kerala. Older age group, smoking, past and family history of respiratory diseases are the major risk factors associated with these respiratory symptoms.
Web counselling as a recent advancement in technology: perspectives of practitioners in India
Authors: Sayyidath Bayana Beevi Ottamaliyakkal , Menon Sukanya B.
Published: March 2019

Background: Online mental health treatment is an emerging, area and few professionals currently use the Internet to provide mental health services. At this time, mental health professions are lacking conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of these Internet services. The objective of the present study is to explore the nature and extent of online counselling in India.Methods: The study relies on data collected through semi-structured interview from e-Counsellors (n=15) and site admins (n=3) from India. The collected data were thematically coded and analyzed quantitatively.Results: Participants reported specific concerns and stereotypes related to the provision of mental health treatment online, including confidentiality of client information, liability issues, and limitations. Also, conveyed benefits of e-Counselling and suggestions for professionals for practicing on e-platforms.Conclusions: Participants reported specific concerns and stereotypes related to the provision of mental health treatment online, including confidentiality of client information, liability issues, and limitations. Also, conveyed benefits of e-Counselling and suggestions for professionals for practicing on e-platforms.