bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of machine learning method in high-performance materials design: a review
Authors: Yuan Junhao , Li Zhen , Yang Yujia , Yin Anyi , Li Wenjie , Sun Dan , Wang Qing
Published: September 2024

As a generalized method of mathematical statistics, machine learning (ML) is playing an increasingly significant role in the realm of materials design. More sophisticated methodologies for in-depth understandings and wide applications have been developed from initially simple data relation mappings. The present work first summarizes the basic technical issues of ML and then systematically reviews the main implementation strategies for ML methods in accelerating materials research and development process in recent years, encompassing three primary aspects. Firstly, it is necessary to establish the relationship between the key characteristic parameters and properties in any given materials system for a better prediction and exploration of new materials. Then, the computational algorithms in materials science need to be optimized to replace complex calculations with model-predicted data. Finally, the ML methods are applied to summarize the one-dimensional property data and two-dimensional microstructural images of materials to establish standardized analysis methods. During this process, the domain knowledge in a specific system is of great significance to improving the prediction accuracy and efficiency of ML methods, whether pre-processing experimental or computational databases. The powerful capability of ML methods to handle high-dimensional data will enable researchers to make more effective decisions in materials design. In the future, the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties, which is necessary to establish a more effective search engine for alloys with targeted mechanical properties, will be the focus of ML mechanical properties of alloy materials.
Cell-specific regulation of insulin action and hepatic fibrosis by CEACAM1
Authors: Aldroubi Basel G. , Najjar John A. , Youssef Tya S. , Rizk Carl E. , Abuamreh Basil A.M. , Aramouni Karl , Ghadieh Hilda E. , Najjar Sonia M.
Published: September 2024

The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has reached an epidemic rise worldwide. The disease is a constellation of a broad range of metabolic and histopathologic abnormalities. It begins with hepatic steatosis and progresses to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including hepatic fibrosis, apoptosis, and cell injury. Despite ample research effort, the pathogenesis of the disease has not been fully delineated. Whereas insulin resistance is implicated in the early stages of the disease, its role in hepatic fibrosis remains controversial. We have focused our studies on the role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in hepatocytes and endothelial cells in the metabolic and histopathological dysregulation in MASH. Patients with MASH exhibit lower hepatic CEACAM1 with a progressive decline in hepatocytes and endothelial cells as the fibrosis stage advances. In mice, conditional deletion of CEACAM1 in hepatocytes impairs insulin clearance to cause hyperinsulinemia-driven insulin resistance with steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis even when mice are fed a regular chow diet. In contrast, its conditional deletion in endothelial cells causes inflammation-driven hepatic fibrosis without adversely affecting metabolism (mice remain insulin-sensitive and do not develop hepatic steatosis). Thus, this review provides in vivo evidence that supports or discards the role of insulin resistance in liver injury and hepatic fibrosis.
Nollywood Offering and Nigeria People and Culture: Reflections and Projection
Authors: Msughter Aondover Eric , Aondover Perpetua Ogechi
Published: September 2024

This study examined Nollywood offering and Nigerian people and culture with a focus on reflections and projection. The study employed interviews and questionnaires as tools for data collection. The study adopted reflective-projective theory and cultivation theory as its theoretical framework to guide the study. A sample of 400 residents of Port Harcourt City using a cluster sampling technique was employed. The study found that Nollywood films project social realities and issues in contemporary Nigerian society and they take their coloration from Nigerian society. Most Nigerians have easy access to home movies and they watch them mostly for entertainment purposes while being entertained, getting educated or enlightened on certain things in society such as culture, and end up being influenced in some areas of their lives. Nollywood films have a serious influence on the way audience perceive social reality. Furthermore, the study also found that Nollywood films enable viewers to be very familiar with Nigerian culture. Thus, the study concluded that Nollywood movies are avenues for the transmission of cultural heritage from generation to generation with several appeals to their audience.
Fatwa of the Wahdah Islamiyah Sharia Council regarding Guidelines for Friday Prayers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Academic Ijtihad Perspective
Authors: Muhlisah Siti Nurul , Yusdani
Published: September 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic that has become an epidemic in Indonesia since early 2020 has had a negative impact on society in all aspects, especially in the fields of education, economy, social and religion. The Covid-19 outbreak can cause public unrest in religious matters where Friday prayer guides cannot be carried out in congregation in mosques considering that mitigation of the spread of the virus must be done by avoiding large-scale social crowds. Fatwa / advise is an answer in responding to this problem. One of the mass organizations in Indonesia, Wahdah Islamiyah, contributed to issuing a fatwa on Friday prayers during the Covid-19 period as a guideline for society in terms of worship. This research is a library research with qualitative research type. The approach to this research is a sociological-normative approach with descriptive analysis methods toward the fatwa of Wahdah Islamiyah advise about guidelines for jum'at prayers and mitigating the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The result of this research is that the ijtihad carried out by the Wahdah Islamiyah organization issued a collective fatwa using the ijtihad istis method which considers the benefit in realizing maqa>s}id syari'ah in the aspect of protecting religion and guarding the soul. The fatwa allows Friday prayers to be replaced with Zuhr prayers at home on the basis of the consideration of achieving benefits and eliminating fade from the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. The fatwa is the result of contemporary ijtihad with a multidimensional approach that collaborates religious disciplines with scientific and social disciplines. The fatwa of Wahdah Islamiyah contributes to the methodology of contemporary Islamic law which is also called academic ijtihad as an extension of Islamic legal ijtihad that takes into account social phenomena and the application of maqa>s}id syari'ah to contemporary problems through dimensional approaches from various disciplines.
Building a Media Business: Case Study of the Journey of Kamiya Jani and ‘Curly Tales’
Authors: Mishra Sreetama
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the advent and widespread use of social media platforms have led to significant changes in various aspects of society, including gender dynamics. Presently, social media has emerged as a powerful platform for entrepreneurs to showcase their ventures, connect with their audiences, and build their brands. This study explores the multifaceted role of social media in empowering women across different spheres of life. The emergence of social media platforms has revolutionized the way businesses operate, providing unique opportunities for entrepreneurship. This study explores the role of social media in empowering women entrepreneurs by examining the strategies, challenges, and outcomes of these entrepreneurs in utilizing social media platforms for their business growth. Using this methodology, this study aims to uncover the ways in which women entrepreneurs utilize social media to overcome traditional barriers, enhance visibility, access resources, and build networks. The findings highlight the significant impact of social media on women’s entrepreneurial journeys, offering insights into effective strategies and best practices for leveraging these platforms. This case study delves into the remarkable journey of Kamiya Jani, a prominent figure in the Indian digital content creation space, and her venture "Curly Tales" and her brainchild, Fork Media Group, has carved a niche for itself in the ever-evolving digital landscape, redefining content creation and consumption in India. From humble beginnings to becoming one of the most influential travel and lifestyle content creators in India, her story offers insights into the evolution of digital media and the strategies employed to build a successful YouTube channel and media business.
The Nationality Da’wah Method of Habib Luthfi Ali bin Yahya in Indonesia
Authors: Surur Achmad Tubagus , Anas Ahmad , Riyadi Agus , Shulthoni Muhamad , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: September 2024

This research aims to reveal the da'wah and broadcasting approaches to seek the principles of Islamic da'wah and examine the da'wah media used by Habib Luthfi Ali bin Yahya. This type of research is qualitative research. Primary data is broadcast recordings of Habib Luthfi Ali bin Yahya. Secondary data, namely several kinds of literature relevant to this research's purpose, is supportive. The data collection technique is documentation. The researcher uses a qualitative descriptive analysis of cultural criticism theory, namely an analysis of the understanding of how a person communicates and how to develop symbolic meaning in society. The results of this study indicate that the role of ulama and religious leaders as missionaries is significant and strategic in preaching. The existence of the figure Habib Luthfi bin Ali Yahya has significantly contributed to the spread of Islamic da'wah. Their love of the motherland missionary movement is quite relevant amid the current condition of the Indonesian nation. As scholars, kiai, and leaders of Sufi orders, they have played an essential role in growing nationalism and consistently preaching Islam, especially in efforts to strengthen the spirit of love for the motherland and nation. The peculiarity of Habib Luthfi's da'wah is a massive da'wah movement to care for and maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The da'wah method used by Habib Luthfi is gentle and does not hurt other people's feelings. Habib Luthfi received all the guests who came to his house and they were comfortable and felt sheltered by the shade of Habib Luthfi's words and views. This is the preaching of the Prophet Muhammad carried out by Habib Luthfi. The virtue of preaching Habib Luthfi is without drawing a sword or killing people. He never cursed or wished non-Muslims badly. Habib Luthfi's preaching style is charismatic, and the communication style is natural and elegant. Da'wah style and pattern of thinking out of the box from most people. The concept of Habib Luthfi's da'wah has been able to package the three pillars of community empowerment, namely religion, nationalism, and economic growth, more attractively.
Food Industry Compliance With the Display of Front-of-Package Warning Labels at the Final Phase (2020) of Chile’s Labeling and Advertising Law
Authors: Rebolledo Natalia , Ferrer-Rosende Pedro , Reyes Marcela , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Corvalán Camila
Published: September 2024

Objectives. To investigate food industry compliance with the display of front-of-package warning labels (FOPLs) on products that exceed regulatory thresholds for being high in calories, added sugars, sodium, or saturated fats after full implementation of Chile’s Food Labeling and Advertising Law.

Methods. In 2020, trained dietitians took pictures of nutritional information and FOPLs on packaged products in supermarkets. We categorized foods and beverages as requiring FOPLs (or not) using their nutritional composition and ingredients as set out in government guidelines. We compared these classifications with the actual display of FOPLs.

Results. About 62.5% of packaged foods and beverages displayed any FOPL. The most frequent label was for energy (38.7%), followed by sugars (35.2%), saturated fats (26.2%), and sodium (22.6%). Compliance with FOPL display was high (93.6% for any “high-in” designation). Lower compliance was observed in nonsausage meat products (83.5%) and soups (84.5%). Candies and sweet confectionery and sausages contributed most to noncompliance with any “high-in” designation.

Conclusions. Following the law’s full implementation, the food industry complied with the display of FOPLs. Mandatory policies with clear guidelines and monitoring systems can contribute to ensuring and sustaining high compliance. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1398–1405. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307843 )
More Than 1.4 Million US Children Have Lost a Family Member to Drug Overdose
Authors: Verdery Ashton M. , Ryan-Claytor Cayley , Smith-Greenaway Emily , Sarkar Nilakshi , Livings Michelle
Published: September 2024

Objectives. To estimate children’s exposure to family overdose in the United States.

Methods. We used recent demographic kinship modeling advances and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s most recent underlying cause of death estimates to model how many children aged younger than 18 years in 2019 had lost 1 or more parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts or uncles, or cousins to overdose mortality since birth. We calculated the number and proportion of children with such exposures and considered age, cohort, and gender patterning.

Results. More than 1.4 million children in the United States, mostly adolescents, experienced a family overdose death, often losing central figures like parents or grandparents. Cohort analyses suggest dramatic increases in these exposures, portending mounting prevalence.

Conclusions. Attention to the large population with lives disrupted by overdose deaths should include affected children. The long-arm consequences of the overdose crisis will continue to define the public health landscape for decades. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1394–1397. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307847 )
Do Half of Orthopaedic Surgeons Change Jobs within Their First 2 Years?
Authors: McKeeman Jonathan D. , Greenhill Dustin A. , Sharma Akhil , Harrast John J. , Martin David F. , Lundy Douglas W.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The claim that “50% of orthopaedic surgeons leave their first job within 2 years” did not originate from evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate practice change rates among board- eligible orthopaedic surgeons using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database.

Methods:

We utilized information provided by orthopaedic surgeons taking the ABOS Part II Examination across 6 different years. Surgeons who trained outside of the United States and members of the uniformed services of the U.S. were excluded. Move rates within 2 years of starting practice and before the candidate’s Part II examination were determined. All surgeons were then subcategorized as having followed a traditional or nontraditional certification timeline based on whether they took Part II of the examination within 2 practice years after becoming board-eligible. Candidate-specific variables were analyzed according to whether the surgeon did or did not change practices.

Results:

Among 3,784 orthopaedic surgeons, 215 (5.7%) left their first practice within 2 years. On average, candidates sat for the Part II examination at a mean (and standard deviation) of 2.1 ± 1.1 years (range, 0.7 to 31.9 years) after reporting their first practice location. Seventy-six percent of surgeons took the Part II examination within a traditional timeframe. On average, nontraditional candidates left their first practice at a significantly higher rate than traditional candidates (20.5% versus 1.3%; p < 0.001), changed practices more often (1.5 versus 1.2 moves; p = 0.021), and moved farther (500.1 versus 304.4 miles; p = 0.023). Fellowship training and/or Part II examination subspecialty were not strongly associated with a surgeon leaving his or her first practice.

Conclusions:

While it is possible that >5.7% of orthopaedic surgeons leave their first job during their early career, it is unlikely that many relocate within 2 years. This is especially true among orthopaedic surgeons pursuing ABOS certification within a traditional timeframe.
Histopathological Spectrum of Kidney Lesions in an Autopsy 2 Years Study at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Associate Professor,Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India., R. K. Radha , S. Prathima. ,   Professor and Head of Department,Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
Published: September 2024

Autopsy survey of 110 cases of kidney specimen over a period of 2 years done in Vyedhi institute of medical science and Research centre, Department of Pathology, Bangalore. Kidney diseases are due to sequelae of primary or secondary accumulation of risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. Autopsy helps in the establishment of diagnosis and determines the cause of sudden death of known and unknown aetiology. Histopathological examination of renal tissue in autopsy gives valuable information for identifying the risk factor for various renal diseases and to monitor the disease trends.
Simulation and experimental study on machining Waspaloy superalloy by micro flat bottom bit
Authors: Zhang Haoqiang , Zhang Ao , Hou Suoxia , Zhang Duo , Wang Xinge , Wang Lina
Published: September 2024

Due to their numerous advantages, nickel-based alloys are widely utilized in turbine and aero-engine blades. The processing of micro holes in these alloys requires employing a micro flat bottom bit, as well as the placement and fixed connections between small parts. On the other hand, the nickel-based alloy Waspaloy is a typical tough material with great flexibility, hardness, corrosion preventive, and other characteristics. Combining theory, simulation, and experiment, the influence of cutting parameters on axial force, tool wear, hole morphology, surface roughness of the hole wall, and chip morphology was analyzed by using the single-factor method to study the machining conditions of the micro drill and workpiece in flat bore micro-hole processing more rationally and accurately. The results show that under the condition of low feed fate and high spindle speed, the axial force is smaller, the service life of micro drill is longer and the machining micro hole accuracy is higher.
Transcriptomic profiles link corticostriatal microarchitecture to genetics of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric risks
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Hu Sheng , Wang Yanming , Wang Xiaoxiao , Ji Yang , Li Chuanfu
Published: September 2024

Many studies on macroscale organization have focused on only the cerebral cortex or striatum, leaving a large gap in the hierarchy of corticostriatal microstructural covariance. Here, we partitioned the striatum into seven distinct parcels and computed the microstructural covariance between each parcel and the cerebral cortex using T1-weighted/T2-weighted mapping. We found that corticostriatal microstructural covariance exhibited a hierarchical gradient along the anterior-posterior axis of the striatum. The patterns of corticostriatal microstructural covariance are linked to geodesic distance and cell type-specific gene expression profiles, revealing a gradually attenuated relationship along the anterior-posterior axis of the striatum. Linking gene expression profile to corticostriatal microstructural patterns showed that the transcriptional variations in cell type-specific genes are different between the anterior and posterior striatum and suggested that anterior striatum are more enriched in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, at the genetic level, the corticostriatal microarchitecture showed a spatiotemporal trait during neurodevelopment. Finally, we identified the neural circuits from limbic and medial frontal cortex to striatum that contributes to the common neuropsychiatric disorders. Collectively, our findings reveal spatially covarying transcriptional specializations and hierarchical architectures of corticostriatal microstructural covariance, highlighting the mechanisms underlying that neurodevelopmental corticostriatal circuits may be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Ketamine and Psilocybin Differentially Impact Sensory Learning
During the Mismatch Negativity
Authors: Allohverdi Shona , Soltanzadeh Milad , Schmidt André , Charlton Colleen , Hauke Daniel , Karvelis Povilas , Vollenweider Franz , Diaconescu Andreea
Published: September 2024

Ketamine and psilocybin show potential as therapies for various mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder. However, further investigation into their neural mechanisms is required to understand their effects on the brain. By combining computational modelling with electroencephalography (EEG), we examine the effects of ketamine and psilocybin on hierarchical sensory precision-weighted prediction error (pwPE) learning in the context of the auditory mismatch negativity, an event-related potential consistently shown to be reduced under psychotomimetic interventions. We employed a Bayesian framework and re-analyzed a previously acquired EEG dataset (Schmidt et al., 2012) by modelling single-trial EEG data using the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter. Using a placebo-controlled within-subject crossover design, healthy subjects were administered either S-ketamine or psilocybin during an auditory roving paradigm of pure sinusoidal tones. Our findings elucidate distinct neural impacts of ketamine and psilocybin on sensory learning: ketamine led to a larger reduction in the effect of sensory precision compared to placebo from 207 to 316 ms peaking at 277 ms in the frontal central channels, while psilocybin showed no significant effect. Both drugs reduced the expression of belief precision between 160 to 184 ms, peaking at 172 ms. For higher-level volatility pwPEs, ketamine reduced the expression while psilocybin had null effect at 312 ms. For perception of elementary imagery, ketamine had a greater effect than psilocybin on sensory and volatility precision, while psilocybin had a greater effect on volatility pwPEs. Our findings suggest hallucinogens have distinct effects on sensory learning that could inform tailored therapies for major depression.
Vibration based condition monitoring of spur gear using signal processing and machine learning
Authors: Alkahtani Badr Saad T. , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Nayak Chitresh
Published: September 2024

The objective of this work is to diagnose the fault of spur gear based on vibration analysis using signal processing techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms. This paper describes two approaches of signal processing techniques, which are time-domain and frequency domain. The proposed method investigated that both approaches of signal processing are suitable for fault diagnosis effectively and has been improved by analyzing from both sides. Variation of noise level during the meshing of gears has also been measured. Statistical features extracted from recorded vibration signals using time-domain approach for healthy and faulty spur gear conditions were used as input to ML algorithms The outcome of this research validated through machine learning approaches such as the J48 algorithm, which is 97.08% classification accuracy. It has been observed that for better monitoring of the health status of the gear, both sides' signals and noise levels must be analyzed. The outcome of this work is an important consideration for fault diagnosis of spur gear as well as bearings and shaft misalignment.
Effect of methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol on the moisture resistance of ester-hardened sodium silicate bonded ceramic sand
Authors: Pan Huichao , Du Xueshan , Li Yang , Meng Fanxi , Dong Mengjie , Ma Xinbiao , Zhao Jingyu , Cao Wenbo , Sun Yufu
Published: September 2024

Sodium silicate binder as a binder for sand casting has the advantages of green, non-polluting, low cost, but the problem of strong hygroscopicity of sodium silicate bonded ceramic sand (SSBCS) has been pending solution. In this paper, the effect of methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol on the moisture resistance of ester-hardened SSBCS was studied, aiming to solve the problem of high moisture absorption of SSBCS. The results showed that the optimum ratio was 15% methyl silicone oil and 3% polyvinyl alcohol. Compared with unmodified SSBCS, the moisture absorption rate of SSBCS modified by methylsilicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h decreased by 0.2%, 0.18%, 0.32% and 0.51%, respectively, and the strength loss rate at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h decreased to 0. Characterization analysis concluded that methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol improved the strength of SSBCS by absorbing free sodium ions (Na+) from the sand and by covering the surface of SSBCS with a film to reduce water absorption.
Presenting an electrophysiological model to improve ionic valves affected by the Brugada syndrome
Authors: Shakibaei Faezeh
Published: September 2024

So far, many models have been presented for different types of cardiac cells in different animal or human species. These models describe different areas of the heart as well as its normal states and diseases. Various models evaluate the normal and abnormal characteristics of the heart cell. There are different approaches to present cell models. The most common approach is to present complex electrophysiological models based on laboratory and experimental data. Better electrophysiological models for cardiac cells were gradually presented with a better understanding of ionic channels and processes as well as the advances in data recording, voltage clamp test, and microbiology techniques. In this paper, the Fluent software was used to model the fluid part and the Ansys Mechanical software was used to model the solid part. Moreover, the Ansys coupling system was used to manage data transfer between these two solvers. By changing the type of aortic ring from normal to calcified, the flow passing the valve decreased by 4%. Therefore, like the flexibility of the vessel wall, the condition of the annulus and its calcification affected the flow through the valve especially in the central part of the aortic ring.
COVID-19 outbreak during investigation of acute respiratory syndrome among pilgrims in Senegal: An Integrated real time surveillance approach
Authors: Padane Abdou , Mboup Aminata , Ndiaye Seyni , Sarr Mariema , Aza-Gnandji Marilyne , NDAO Mamadou , Diallo Abdoulaye S. , Diop Ousmane , DIATTA Bacary Dembo , DIOUF Ousmane , SARR Abdoulaye Leye , Dabo Ndèye Astou , DIOUF Seynabou Selbé , DIENG Aissatou Nogaye , SARR Etienne Moussa , Diop Mame Matar , Souare Abdoulaye , Diouf Ndèye Dieynaba , Leye Nafissatou , GUEYE Astou , DIA Aminata , GUEYE Mame Sokhna , WADE Djibril , Diedhiou Cyille Kouligueul , Ahouidi Ambroise , Diaw Papa Alassane , Cisse Badara , MBOW Moustapha , DIOP Boly , Amachawadi Raghavendra G. , Dia Yacine A , Mboup Souleymane
Published: September 2024

Background: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, global efforts have focused on controlling the disease. However, intense cross border movements pose a risk for the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains. Recent example is the detection of cases among the 2024 Senegalese pilgrims returning from Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to monitor the emergence of high-threat strains. This study aims investigate new SARS-CoV-2 emerging lineages isolated from returning Senegalese Pilgrims.
Methods: Whole Genome Sequencing, using midnight protocol on Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platform, has been used to characterize SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from 66 pilgrims tested Covid-19 positive. An integrated approach, involving strong collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH), was utilized for data sharing with patients and healthcare authorities.
Results: Among 66 positive samples sequenced with coverage ≥ 80%, we detected the presence of the JN.1 sub-lineage (12.71%) and the emergence of the JN.1.18 variant (4.24%). In addition, JN.1.18.3 (14.41%) elicited more mutations than JN.1. Furthermore, we also identified variants, LF.1.1.1 (4.24%), JN.1.26 (1.69%), KP.1.1.1 (5.08%), KP.1.1.3 (1.69%), LP.2 (2.54%), JN.1.50.1 (0.85%), LB.1 (0.85%), and KS.1.1 (0.85%) which have never been identified in Africa in our knowledge. New lineages LS.1 (2.54%) and JN.1.18.5 (2.54%) were identified in real time during this intervention.
Conclusion: It is important to monitor the emergence of new variants among pilgrims and the general population, as well as the clinical course of patients, to determine the virulence of these variants.
Salmonella Contamination: Breach in Food Safety Standards at Hotel Restaurants
Authors: Segbedzi Cynthia Esinam , Botha Nkosi Nkosi , Dumahasi Victor Kwasi , Ansah Edward Wilson
Published: September 2024

There is an increasing patronage of hotel restaurants food, but the safety of such foods is always call to question because of commitanition from organisms like salmonella. Salmonellosis is a set of common foodborne diseases caused by bacteria (Salmonella spp), of which there are many variants. We conducted microbial assessment of foods served at 21 hotel restaurants in Central and Western Regions of Ghana, to determine the presence of Salmonella. Samples of cooked food were collected from the hotels in sterile containers and Ziploc bags packed into thermoregulatory flask and transported aseptically to the laboratory for analysis. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation, enumeration, and identification of bacteria (Salmonella). The mean bacterial count from the food samples was expressed as x104cfu/mL. The results were analysed using a single factor ANOVA to calculate the mean and standard deviations for food samples common to three categories of hotels, while t-Test (Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variance) was utilised to analyse samples common to two categories of hotel. The results revealed Salmonella presence in all the food samples tested from the restaurants in the hotels. Salmonella contamination of the food samples is attributed to poor personal hygiene, inadequate time and temperature management of cooked and uncooked food and other practices among the food handlers which lead to cross-contamination. Therefore, it is important to intensify training of the food handlers to strictly adhere to food safety protocols. In addition, improvement in monitoring and supervision is important to protect the health of consumers.
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism to improve the tumor microenvironment: A bibliometric study and brief review (1994-2024)
Authors: Zheng Huilan , Wang Gang , Wu Jingping , Liu Ming , Cheng Hongbin
Published: September 2024

Background
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in supporting tumor growth and metastasis via several inhibitory mechanisms, which diminish the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Central to the metabolic reprogramming of tumors, mitochondria orchestrate the immunosuppressive landscape of the TME.
Methods
We extracted data spanning from 1994 to 2024 from the Web of Science Core Collection database, focusing on literature pertinent to this field. To maintain dataset consistency, we re-evaluated original research articles and compared them across various literature types.
Results
The study identified 3,947 publications, with original research articles comprising 67.29% (2,656 articles). The overall trend of publications increased from 2010 onwards, with a surge in publications from 2020. Cancers is the core journal with the most publications. Cell Metabolism has the most total citations and is the most influential journal. Among individual contributors, Zhang J has the highest number of publications, and Vander Heiden MG leads in local citations. Key figures such as Lisanti MP, Sotgia F, and Thompson CB are prominent authors. Thomas Jefferson University is noted for pioneering and sustaining research efforts, whereas Fudan University tops in publication volume. While China leads in publication quantity, the USA excels in total citations. The core literature encompasses studies on metabolic enzymes, oncogenes, the Warburg effect, and related themes.
Conclusion
The last three years have seen a burgeoning of interest in this field, with key areas such as gene expression, glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation emerging as central themes.
The Robustness of Deep Learning Models to Adversarial Attacks in Lung X-ray Classification
Authors: Li Xuanyi , Pang Yajie , Li Yihong
Published: September 2024

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, AI-driven models are increasingly being used in the medical field for disease classification and diagnosis. However, the robustness of these models against adversarial attacks is a critical concern, as such attacks can significantly distort diagnostic outcomes, leading to potential clinical errors. This study investigates the robustness of various convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including MobileNet, Resnet-152, and Vision Transformers (ViT), in lung radiograph classification tasks under adversarial conditions. We utilized the "ChestX-ray8" dataset to train and evaluate these models, applying a range of adversarial attack methods, such as FGSM and AutoAttack, to assess the models' resilience. Our findings indicate that while all models experienced a decrease in accuracy after adversarial attacks, MobileNet consistently demonstrated superior robustness compared to other CNN-based models. We also explored the impact of inverse robustness training to enhance model stability. Results seem to prove that the sparser nature of the MobileNet parameters, being the reason for its robustness, will give insight into enhancement of security and dependability within AI models in medical applications. This research underscores the need for continued refinement of AI models to ensure their safe deployment in clinical settings.
RSM-CCD design of volcanic ash/ rice husk ash based geopolymer for crystal violet adsorption: kinetics and isotherms
Authors: Tchakounte Armand , Lenou Idriss , Shikuku Victor , Kemdjien Ludovic , Dika Joseph , Kede Charles
Published: September 2024

In this work, the application of central composite design (CCD) was used for optimization of the synthesis of voclcanic ash/ rice husk ash based geopolymer in acid media. The effect of three factors such as volcanic ash mass, rice husk ash mass and phosphoric acid concentration were investigated on the responses of methylene blue index and iodine index. At an optimized conditions of voclanic ash 3.72g, rice husk ash mass 1.97g and phosphoric acid concentration 5M, the model predicted and experimental values for both responses were highly comparable. The optimized geopolymer and their precursors were characterized by XRF, FTIR and XRD. The effect of various parameters such as initial pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of crystal violet dye on optimized geopolymer was studied. The kinetic study showed that de model of pseudo-second order could very well describe adsorption kinetics. The adsorption isotherm showed that retention of crystal violet dye follows the Langmuir model.
Research on Real-time Surgical Navigation System Based on Machine Learning and Fusion of Multimodal Sensors
Authors: Lv Shijie , Wang Jinquan , Tian Zhisen , Zong Yuan , Wang Yijun , Yin Fei
Published: September 2024

In response to the significant challenge of occlusion in optical navigation, this paper proposes an innovative surgical navigation instrument positioning technique based on the fusion of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data. By installing UWB positioning modules and IMU sensors on the surgical instrument arm, this study introduces a machine learning-based data fusion method to fully utilize UWB ranging and IMU high-precision roll and pitch angles, addressing the issues of attitude angles and Z-axis accuracy in UWB pose estimation. The method employs machine learning techniques to model the complex nonlinear relationships among three sets of UWB ranging values, two IMU attitude angles, and the position and yaw angle of the surgical instrument. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average absolute error of less than 2cm in three-axis position and less than 1° in three-axis attitude angles. This surgical navigation instrument positioning technique exhibits significant advantages in realizing an efficient and accurate surgical navigation system. By optimizing the positioning accuracy of surgical instruments, this technology offers a novel approach to enhancing the performance of surgical navigation systems, providing innovative solutions for positioning requirements in medical practice.
Air quality prediction based on the GCN-GRU model with CEEMDAN decomposition
Authors: chen xinying , liu yi , wang jing
Published: September 2024

Air pollution significantly impacts human health, the economy, and social stability. Accurate air quality prediction is crucial for effective prevention and control of air pollution. To address the highly nonlinear and non-stationary nature of PM2.5 sequences and the spatiotemporal dependencies between the sequences and air quality monitoring stations, a spatiotemporal hybrid prediction model based on CEEMDAN-GCN-GRU is proposed.First, PM2.5 sequences from each air quality monitoring station are decomposed using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) to obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residual components (RES). Next, each component is combined with other features and input into the Graph Convolution Network (GCN) to capture the spatial correlations between PM2.5 concentrations at different monitoring stations. The combined decomposed PM2.5 sequence data and its spatial correlations are then used as input to the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to extract spatiotemporal features. Finally, the individual sub-sequences output from the GRU are predicted using a linear regression layer, and the results are superimposed to obtain the final PM2.5 prediction results.Experiments conducted with 10 state-controlled air quality monitoring stations in Dalian city show that the proposed model outperforms comparative models in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), achieving reductions of 33.86% and 46.04%, respectively, compared to single benchmark LSTM and GRU models.
Stronger association of intact angiotensinogen with mortality than lactate or renin in critical illness – post-hoc analysis from the VICTAS trial
Authors: Chappell Mark C. , Schaich Christopher L. , Busse Laurence W. , Martin Greg S. , Sevransky Jonathan E. , Hinson Jeremiah K. , Khanna Ashish K.
Published: September 2024

Sepsis and septic shock remain global healthcare problems associated with high mortality rates despite best therapy efforts. Circulating biomarkers may identify those patients at risk for poor outcomes, however, current biomarkers, most prominently lactate, are non-specific and have an inconsistent impact on prognosis and/or disease management. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an early event in sepsis patients and elevated levels of circulating renin are more predictive of worse outcomes than lactate. The precursor protein Angiotensinogen is another key component of the circulating RAAS; it is the only known substrate for renin and the ultimate source of the vasopressor Angiotensin II. We postulate that lower Angiotensinogen concentrations may reflect a dysfunctional RAAS characterized by high renin concentrations but attenuated Angiotensin II generation, which is disproportionate to the high renin response and may compromise adequate support of blood pressure and tissue perfusion in septic patients. The current study compared the association between serum Angiotensinogen with mortality to that of lactate and renin in the VICTAS cohort of sepsis patients at baseline (day 0) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve analyses. The serum concentration of Angiotensinogen was more strongly associated with 30-day mortality than either the serum concentrations of renin or lactate in sepsis patients. Moreover, the clinical assessment of Angiotensinogen may have distinct advantages over the typical measures of renin. We conclude that the prospective assessment of circulating Angiotensinogen may facilitate more precise therapeutic approaches to restore a dysfunctional RAAS and improve overall mortality in septic shock.
Numerical Framework for the Development of Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion for Earth and Mars Atmosphere
Authors: Pessina Valentina , Smirnova Maria , Schein Jochen
Published: September 2024

Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion systems provide a competitive advantage for the lower orbit altitudes sincethe propellant is collected directly from the atmosphere. The effectiveness of thistechnology depends on crucial aspects such as the collection and compression performance characterization, as well as thedrag estimation and compensation. In the first part of this study, the lower Mars and Earth atmospheric characterizationis derived based on current models and mission data. This characterization is a reliable dataset for the boundaryconditions for the simulations carried out in the second part of this study. The proposed computational framework basedon the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method aims to investigate the collection and compression performances and toestimate the drag. The numerical comparison with a literature case validates the numerical setup presented in thisstudy. The effect of different gas-surface interaction models is investigated by comparing the results yielded by theMaxwellian model (fully specular and partially diffuse reflection) and the Cercignani-Lampis-Lord model. Since theintermolecular collisions can become more relevant at the inlet of the ionization stage, both the variable hard and variable soft sphere models are briefly examined, as well as the inclusion of gas-phase reactions. Finally, thesimulation results of the two cases for the low Mars orbit (150 and 140 km) are compared to the Earth case (180 km).
Zero Emission Heating with Calcium Oxide and Water: Development and Demonstration of First Pilot Scale Thermochemical Heating System for Buildings
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Sourmelis Venizelos , Kühl Viktor , Linder Marc
Published: September 2024

Heat supply for residential buildings is still mainly based on fossil fuels and is thus a major CO2 emitter. Renewable heating remains a technological challenge, often for the reason that during cold weather periods heat demand increases drastically whereas renewable production minimizes. Reactive solids produced by renewable energy can be an energy storage and carrier to flexibly leverage the often extreme seasonal discrepancy of residential heat demand. This work demonstrates a fully integrated thermochemical heating system based on calcium oxide and water operational for the first time in a real building environment. With the extraction of the thermochemically stored energy at a temperature level of 60 °C we proved that the technology can be integrated into existing heating infrastructures of buildings, by replacing fossil fuel-based burners. This work advances the technology readiness level of thermochemical energy storage to validation in relevant environment.
Systematic Review of Fuzzing in IoT: Evaluating Techniques, Vulnerabilities, and Research Gaps
Authors: Touqir Asma , Iradat Faisal , Rakib Abdur , Taskin Nazim , Jadidbonab Hesam , Asif Zaheeruddin , Haas Olivier
Published: September 2024

As our dependence on the internet and digital platforms grows, the risk of cyber threats rises, making it essential to implement effective Measures to safeguard sensitive information through cybersecurity, ensure system integrity, and prevent unauthorized data access. Fuzz testing, commonly known as fuzzing, is a valuable for software testing as it uncovers vulnerabilities and defects in systems by introducing random data inputs, often leading to system crashes. In the Internet of Things domain, fuzzing is crucial for identifying vulnerabilities in networks, devices, and applications through automated tools that systematically inject malformed inputs into IoT systems. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate current fuzzing practices, emphasizing adaptive techniques tailored to IoT environments. A rigorous analysis of 30 recent academic articles was conducted to identify weaknesses, gaps, and challenges in existing approaches. The investigation revealed the need for novel fuzzing techniques that address firmware, hardware, and software vulnerabilities, as well as Denial of Service attacks in IoT systems. By exploring recent trends and identifying gaps and challenges, this research aims to advance IoT security, highlighting the need for improved fuzzing techniques and presenting future research directions to strengthen IoT cybersecurity.
The Effects of Landscape Features and Individual Attributes on the Psychophysiological Responses of Young Visitors
Authors: Tang Yan , Bai Zhengkang , Zhang Shuangquan
Published: September 2024

At present, the effects of forest and psychological and physiological restoration are mostly limited to forests with different characteristics, but tourists with different personality characteristics experience significantly different effects of restoration in the same forest, and there are many gaps in the research in this area. This study took Tianjiling National Forest Park in China as the research site. Physiological and psychological responses of 74 college students in different forest landscape Spaces were monitored and evaluated using POMS (Emotional state Profile) scale, electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate (HR) indicators. The results showed that: (1) semi-open forest landscape had the best effect on promoting psychological and physiological recovery, which was obviously better than open and closed forest environment; (2) The combination of different landscape elements has a significant impact on the recovery effect, among which the combination of "bamboo forest + water flow" is the most effective in promoting relaxation and lowering heart rate, while the combination of "forest + building + rich species" has more health benefits in psychological recovery than other elements; (3) The increase of plant species richness has a positive effect on the restoration effect of all types of forests, especially in open forest space; (4) Individual attributes, such as gender and personality traits, had some influence on the recovery effect, but gender had no significant influence on the psychophysiological response in the three forest environments, and negative personality traits had a strong correlation with the reduction of positive emotions and the increase of heart rate. The results show that the open degree, vegetation density and spatial structure of forest landscape are the key factors affecting the psychological and physiological recovery of tourists. In addition, this study also put forward several suggestions: (1) increase the semi-open forest space, appropriately increase the species richness, pay attention to the reasonable combination of soft and hard landscape elements, and (2) select the appropriate forest environment according to personal characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for landscape planning, design and policy formulation of national forest parks in China.