bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gasdermin D-Mediated Neutrophil Pyroptosis drives Inflammation in Psoriasis
Authors: Liu Jian , Jiang YuYing , Diao ZiYue , Chen DanDan , Xia RuiYuan , Wang BingWei , Yang Shuo , Yin ZhiQiang
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal accumulation of neutrophils and T-cell related abnormalities. Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death associated with innate immunity, but its role in psoriasis is unclear. In this study, we found that
gasdermin D (Gsdmd)
is higher in human psoriatic skin than that in normal skin, and in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin, the expression of
Gsdmd
was most significantly altered in neutrophils and
Il1b
was also mainly expressed in neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of skin lesions from psoriasis patients and healthy control also showed that GSDMD expression is higher in psoriasis lesion, especially in neutrophils.
Gsdmd
deficiency mitigates psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. GSDMD in neutrophils contributes to psoriasis-like inflammation, while
Gsdmd
depletion in neutrophils attenuates the development of skin inflammation in psoriasis and reduces the release of the inflammatory cytokines. We found that neutrophil pyroptosis is involved in and contributes to psoriasis inflammation, which provides new insights into the treatment of psoriasis by targeting neutrophil pyroptosis.
A MSTNDel73C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep by CRISPR/Cas9 promotes skeletal muscle myofiber hyperplasia
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Zhao Yue , Yu Kun , Xu Xue-Ling , Zhang Xiao-Sheng , Zhang Jin-Long , Wu Su-Jun , Liu Zhi-Mei , Yuan Yi-Ming , Guo Xiao-Fei , Qi Shi-Yu , Yi Guang , Wang Shu-Qi , Li Huang-Xiang , Wu Ao-Wu , Liu Guo-Shi , Deng Shou-Long , Han Hong-Bing , Lv Feng-Hua , Lian Di , Lian Zheng-Xing
Published: October 2024

Mutations in the well-known Myostatin (MSTN) produce a ‘double-muscle’ phenotype, which makes it commercially invaluable for improving livestock meat production and providing high-quality protein for humans. However, mutations at different loci of the MSTN often produce a variety of different phenotypes. In the current study, we increased the delivery ratio of Cas9 mRNA to sgRNA from the traditional 1:2 to 1:10, which improves the efficiency of the homozygous mutation of biallelic gene. Here, a MSTNDel73C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep, in which the MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene biallelic homozygous mutations were produced via the deletion of 3-base pairs of AGC in the third exon of MSTN, resulting in cysteine-depleted at amino acid position 73, and the FGF5 double allele mutation led to inactivation of FGF5 gene. The MSTNDel73C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep highlights a dominant ‘double-muscle’ phenotype, which can be stably inherited. Both F0 and F1 generation mutants highlight the excellent trait of high-yield meat with a smaller cross-sectional area and higher number of muscle fibers per unit area. Mechanistically, the MSTNDel73C mutation with FGF5 knockout mediated the activation of FOSL1 via the MEK-ERK-FOSL1 axis. The activated FOSL1 promotes skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of MyoD1, and resulting in smaller myotubes. In addition, activated ERK1/2 may inhibit the secondary fusion of myotubes by Ca2+-dependent CaMKII activation pathway, leading to myoblasts fusion to form smaller myotubes.
A chromatic feature detector in the retina signals visual context changes
Authors: Höfling Larissa , Szatko Klaudia P , Behrens Christian , Deng Yuyao , Qiu Yongrong , Klindt David Alexander , Jessen Zachary , Schwartz Gregory W , Bethge Matthias , Berens Philipp , Franke Katrin , Ecker Alexander S , Euler Thomas
Published: October 2024

The retina transforms patterns of light into visual feature representations supporting behaviour. These representations are distributed across various types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), whose spatial and temporal tuning properties have been studied extensively in many model organisms, including the mouse. However, it has been difficult to link the potentially nonlinear retinal transformations of natural visual inputs to specific ethological purposes. Here, we discover a nonlinear selectivity to chromatic contrast in an RGC type that allows the detection of changes in visual context. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) model on large-scale functional recordings of RGC responses to natural mouse movies, and then used this model to search in silico for stimuli that maximally excite distinct types of RGCs. This procedure predicted centre colour opponency in transient suppressed-by-contrast (tSbC) RGCs, a cell type whose function is being debated. We confirmed experimentally that these cells indeed responded very selectively to Green-OFF, UV-ON contrasts. This type of chromatic contrast was characteristic of transitions from ground to sky in the visual scene, as might be elicited by head or eye movements across the horizon. Because tSbC cells performed best among all RGC types at reliably detecting these transitions, we suggest a role for this RGC type in providing contextual information (i.e. sky or ground) necessary for the selection of appropriate behavioural responses to other stimuli, such as looming objects. Our work showcases how a combination of experiments with natural stimuli and computational modelling allows discovering novel types of stimulus selectivity and identifying their potential ethological relevance.
Whole genomes from the extinct Xerces Blue butterfly can help identify declining insect species
Authors: de-Dios Toni , Fontsere Claudia , Renom Pere , Stiller Josefin , Llovera Laia , Uliano-Silva Marcela , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Wright Charlotte , Lizano Esther , Caballero Berta , Navarro Arcadi , Civit Sergi , Robbins Robert K , Blaxter Mark , Marquès Tomàs , Vila Roger , Lalueza-Fox Carles
Published: October 2024

The Xerces Blue (Glaucopsyche xerces) is considered to be the first butterfly to become extinct in historical times. It was notable for its chalky lavender wings with conspicuous white spots on the ventral wings. The last individuals were collected in their restricted habitat, in the dunes near the Presidio military base in San Francisco, in 1941. We sequenced the genomes of four 80- to 100-year-old Xerces Blue, and seven historical and one modern specimens of its closest relative, the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus). We compared these to a novel annotated genome of the Green-Underside Blue (Glaucopsyche alexis). Phylogenetic relationships inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes indicate that Xerces Blue was a distinct species that diverged from the Silvery Blue lineage at least 850,000 years ago. Using nuclear genomes, both species experienced population growth during the Eemian interglacial period, but the Xerces Blue decreased to a very low effective population size subsequently, a trend opposite to that observed in the Silvery Blue. Runs of homozygosity and deleterious load in the former were significantly greater than in the later, suggesting a higher incidence of inbreeding. These signals of population decline observed in Xerces Blue could be used to identify and monitor other insects threatened by human activities, whose extinction patterns are still not well known.
Male rats emit aversive 44-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during prolonged Pavlovian fear conditioning
Authors: Olszyński Krzysztof H , Polowy Rafał , Wardak Agnieszka D , Łaska Izabela A , Grymanowska Aneta W , Puławski Wojciech , Gawryś Olga , Koliński Michał , Filipkowski Robert K
Published: October 2024

Rats are believed to communicate their emotional state by emitting two distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations. The first is long “22-kHz” vocalizations (>300 ms, <32 kHz) with constant frequency, signaling aversive states and the second, is short “50-kHz” calls (<150 ms, >32 kHz), often frequency-modulated, in appetitive situations. Here we describe aversive vocalizations emitted at a higher pitch by male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in an intensified aversive state – prolonged fear conditioning. These calls, which we named “44-kHz” vocalizations, are long (>150 ms), generally at a constant frequency (usually within 35-50 kHz range) and have an overall spectrographic image similar to 22-kHz calls. Some 44-kHz vocalizations are comprised of both 22-kHz-like and 44-kHz-like elements. Furthermore, two separate clustering methods confirmed that these 44-kHz calls can be separated from other vocalizations. We observed 44-kHz calls to be associated with freezing behavior during fear conditioning training, during which they constituted up to 19.4% of all calls and most of them appeared next to each other forming uniform groups of vocalizations (bouts). We also show that some of rats’ responses to the playback of 44-kHz calls were more akin to that of aversive calls, e.g., heart rate changes, whereas other responses were at an intermediate level between aversive and appetitive calls. Our results suggest that rats have a wider vocal repertoire than previously believed, and current definitions of major call types may require reevaluation. We hope that future investigations of 44-kHz calls in rat models of human diseases will contribute to expanding our understanding and therapeutic strategies related to human psychiatric conditions.
Bestrophin-4 relays Hes4 and interacts with Twist1 to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Zijing , Xia Bihan , Qi Shaochong , Zhang Xian , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Li Yan , Wang Huimin , Zhang Miao , Zhao Ziyi , Kerr David , Yang Li , Cai Shijie , Yang Jinlin
Published: October 2024

Bestrophin isoform 4 (
BEST4
) is a newly identified subtype of the calcium-activated chloride channel family. Analysis of colonic epithelial cell diversity by single cell RNA-sequencing has revealed the existence of a cluster of
BEST4
+ mature colonocytes in humans. However, if the role of
BEST4
is involved in regulating tumour progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that
BEST4
overexpression attenuates cell proliferation, colony formation, and mobility in colorectal cancer (CRC)
in vitro
, and impedes the tumor growth and the liver metastasis
in vivo
.
BEST4
is coexpressed with hairy/enhancer of split 4 (
Hes4
) in the nucleus of cells, and
Hes4
signals
BEST4
by interacting with the upstream region of the
BEST4
promoter.
BEST4
is epistatic to
Hes4
and downregulates Twist1, thereby inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC. Conversely, knockout of BEST4 using CRISPR/Cas9 in CRC cells revitalises tumor growth and induces EMT. Furthermore, the low level of the
BEST4
mRNA is correlated with advanced and the worse prognosis, suggesting its potential role in regulating CRC progression.
Development of a new genotype–phenotype linked antibody screening system
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Hata Hikaru , Mochizuki Yoshiki , Yokoyama Fumie , Hasegawa Tomoko , Kumar Naveen , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Ohara Osamu , Fukuyama Hidehiro
Published: October 2024

Antibodies are powerful tools for the therapy and diagnosis of various diseases. In addition to conventional hybridoma-based screening, recombinant antibody-based screening has become a common choice; however, its application is hampered by two factors: 1) screening starts after Ig gene cloning and recombinant antibody production only, and 2) the antibody is composed of paired chains, heavy and light, commonly expressed by two independent expression vectors. Here, we introduce a method for the rapid screening of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by establishing a Golden Gate-based dual-expression vector and
in-vivo
expression of membrane-bound antibodies. Using this system, we demonstrate the rapid isolation of influenza cross-reactive antibodies with high affinity from immunized mice within 7 days. This system is particularly useful for isolating therapeutic or diagnostic antibodies, e.g., during foreseen pandemics.
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis increases Mycobacteria pulmonary colonization in mice by regulating the Nos2-associated pathways
Authors: Han MeiQing , Wang Xia , Su Lin , Pan Shiqi , Liu Ningning , Li Duan , Liu Liang , Cui JunWei , Zhao Huajie , Yang Fan
Published: October 2024

Increasing researches reveal gut microbiota was associated with the development of tuberculosis. How to prevent or reduce
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
colonization in the lungs is a key measure to prevent tuberculosis. However, the data on gut microbiota preventing
Mycobacterium
colonization in the lungs were scarce. Here, we established the clindamycin-inducing intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and fecal microbial transplantation models in mice to identify gut microbiota’s effect on
Mycobacterium
’s colonization in the mouse lungs and explore its potential mechanisms. The results showed that clindamycin treatment altered the diversity and composition of the intestinal bacterial and fungal microbiome, weakened the trans-kingdom network interactions between bacteria and fungi, and induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in the mice. Gut microbiota dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability and enhances the susceptibility of
Mycobacterium
colonization in the lungs of mice. The potential mechanisms were gut microbiota dysbiosis altered the lung transcriptome and increased
Nos2
expression through the “gut-lung axis”.
Nos2
high expression disrupts the intracellular antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory environment by increasing the concentration of NO, decreasing the levels of ROS and
Defb1
in the cells, and resulting in promoting
Mycobacteria
colonization in the lungs of mice. The present study raises a potential strategy for reducing the risks of
Mycobacteria
infections and transmission by regulating the gut microbiome balance.
A method for evaluating sediment-induced macroinvertebrate community composition changes in Idaho streams
Authors: Williams Jason , Efta James
Published: October 2024

Human activities can increase sediment delivery to streams, changing the composition, distribution, and abundance of stream aquatic life. Few U.S. states have numeric water quality standards for streambed sediment under the Clean Water Act, so managers often need to develop local application-specific benchmarks. This study developed stream surface fine sediment <2 mm (sand and fines, SF) and macroinvertebrate fine sediment biotic index (FSBI) benchmarks and an application framework to test for sediment-induced macroinvertebrate community composition changes in 1st–4th order Idaho streams. FSBI reference benchmarks were calculated as the 25th percentile FSBI value among reference sites within three ecoregion-based site classes. Two approaches were used to develop SF benchmarks. Quantile regression was used to define reach-specific SF benchmarks representing an upper bound value expected under reference conditions. In addition, logistic regression was used to predict SF values with 50% and 75% probability that FSBI is worse than reference within each stream order and site class. The strength of association between SF benchmarks and macroinvertebrate community condition was evaluated by calculating relative risk using multiple datasets and examining responses of multiple macroinvertebrate indicators to SF benchmark status. SF reference benchmarks generally had stronger associations with poor macroinvertebrate condition than SF stressor-response benchmarks. Across datasets and macroinvertebrate indicators, poor macroinvertebrate condition was 1.8–3 times more likely when SF reference benchmarks were exceeded than when achieved. We propose rating the strength of evidence for a surface fine sediment-induced macroinvertebrate community composition change at the sample event scale as ‘unlikely’ if both SF and FSBI reference benchmarks are achieved, having ‘mixed evidence’ if only one reference benchmark is achieved, and ‘likely’ if both reference benchmarks are not achieved. We recommend combining ratings with other relevant data in a weight-of-evidence approach to assess if sediment impairs aquatic life.
Association between triglyceride glycemic index and ejection fraction preserved heart failure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Shan Xue-Feng , Yang Long , Gao Xiao-Ming
Published: October 2024

Background

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is regarded as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease consequences and a reliable surrogate measure of insulin resistance (IR). However, the correlation analysis between triglyceride glucose index and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with essential hypertension remains unknown.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective study was conducted with patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from December 2018 to September 2020. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, with their clinical data and laboratory tests collected. The study employed Spearman’s correlation analysis, logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to investigate the relationships between the TyG index and HFpEF.

Results

Out of 1,602 enrolled hypertensive patients, 992 were included in the analysis after applying exclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into tertiles based on the TyG index, which showed that patients in the highest tertile had characteristics associated with a higher risk of HFpEF, including age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). A significant, independent association between the TyG index and HFpEF was confirmed, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.127 (95% CI [3.894–6.856]). Furthermore, an S-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed between the TyG index and the incidence of HFpEF (nonlinear p < 0.001). TyG index (AUC: 0.824, 95% CI [0.795–0.854]), NT-proBNP (AUC: 0.840, 95% CI [0.816–0.864]), and LVMI (AUC: 0.847, 95% CI [0.820–0.875]) showed good predictive ability for HFpEF. In addition, the TyG+LVMI combination demonstrated the strongest predictive ability (AUC: 0.907, 95% CI [0.887–0.927]).

Conclusion

The study underscores a significant association between IR, as indicated by the TyG index, and the development of HFpEF in hypertensive patients. It highlights the critical role of metabolic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, advocating for a broader perspective on cardiovascular risk management.
Viabilidade Físico-Química de Resíduos de Madeireiras Para Uso Agrícola na Amazônia
Authors: Serra Odilon da Silva , Santos Maria Karoline Pereira dos , Silva Melry Steffany dos Santos , Valente Bruna Sayuri Fujiyama , Pacheco Adriano Bicioni , Antunes Arlindo Modesto
Published: October 2024

A pesquisa analisou a condutividade elétrica (CE), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), salinidade (SALT) e pH em resíduos de serragens com diferentes períodos de deposição em uma madeireira, com o objetivo de avaliar seu uso potencial na agricultura amazônica. Foram coletadas amostras de resíduos após 3 meses, 2 anos, 3 anos e 10 anos de deposição, além de solo da região e uma mistura solo/resíduo na proporção 1:2. Após a preparação das amostras, incluindo peneiramento e preparação para infiltração, as mesmas, foram mantidas a 25ºC por 24 horas para a coleta e avaliação do extrato de saturação. A análise estatística revelou diferenças significativas (1%) entre as variáveis estudadas, destacando que os períodos de 10 anos e 3 meses mostraram os melhores resultados em todas as análises. Os tratamentos de 2 anos, 3 anos, a mistura solo/resíduo e o solo não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre si.
Comparative Study on Calcium-enriched Finger Millet Tisane: Optimizing Soaking and Roasting Methods
Authors: V.S Sriniithi. , Jothilakshmi.K  , Subramanian.E  , J Devi Geethika. , Gayathry.G
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the development of a calcium-rich herbal tisane using finger millet, a grain known for its high calcium content, aimed at enhancing dietary calcium intake. Two distinct processing methods were employed to optimize the calcium content of the tisane. In Treatment 1, Finger millet was roasted and combined with spice powder, while in Treatment 2, Finger millet underwent soaking, cabinet drying, roasting, and then blending with spice powder. The calcium content and overall quality of both treatments were evaluated, revealing a marginal increase in calcium concentration in Treatment 2, attributed to the additional processing steps. Specifically, Treatment 2 yielded a maximum calcium content of 396 mg compared to 380 mg in Treatment 1, demonstrating the effectiveness of the additional soaking and drying steps in enhancing calcium bioavailability. The final product was further enriched with a blend of spices, including dry ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, Arjuna bark, fennel seeds, and Tulsi leaves, contributing to its healthful properties. Organoleptic evaluations, conducted to assess sensory attributes such as flavor, aroma, and overall acceptability, indicated that both treatments were well-received by consumers. This suggests the product's potential for consumer acceptance and market viability. The findings suggest that calcium-enriched Finger millet tisane could serve as a valuable functional beverage, particularly for populations at risk of calcium deficiency. Its nutrient profile, combined with favorable sensory attributes, positions it as a promising option for improving dietary calcium intake and promoting overall health. Further research on larger sample sizes and bioavailability studies could reinforce its potential as a functional health beverage.
Effectiveness of Different Extension Methods Used by KVKs Beneficiaries
Authors: Kumar Prince , Singh Y. K. , Ojha Pankaj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVKs) in India play an important role in transfer of Agricultural technologies (Jiyawan et al., 2012). Presently, the Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVKs) have been recognized as an effective link between agricultural research and extension systems in the country. KVK scientists give the necessary information, train individuals to enhance their skills and attitudes towards a particular subject. Effectiveness of different extension methods used by KVKs was studied in terms of perception of beneficiaries. The effectiveness of teaching methods included major aspects - Convincing ability, imparting knowledge, skills and changing attitude of the farmers. The ‘farm and home visit’ was perceived as the most effective individual contact method in changing the attitude of KVK beneficiaries. The adaptive of mini kit trial and farm clinic were also perceived as very effective and ranked second and third by the respondents.
Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Exposure Time on the Surface Fungal Load of Tulip Bulbs
Authors: Ebru Özer Uyar, Gülsüm , Aysun Cavusoglu, , Filiz Ünal,
Published: October 2024

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of various SA concentrations and exposure times on the surface fungal load (SFL) of tulip bulbs.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Protection, Kocaeli University, in the year of 2022.
Methodology: The tulip bulb (Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Royal Ten) used in the study was obtained from an officially registered flower bulb company in Türkiye. SA solutions ranging from 0 to 1600 ppm were prepared and used to treat tulip bulbs for 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Microbiological analysis involved assessing fungal growth inhibition through colony counts on potato dextrose agar plates after incubation. Statistical analysis, employing ANOVA and Scheffe tests, evaluated significant differences in fungal growth inhibition across different SA concentrations and exposure times.
Results: According to the results, the SFL of tulip bulbs decreased with increasing SA concentrations. Additionally, SA treatment significantly lowered SFL according to the initial log CFU at all exposure times except for one-hour exposure. The EC50 of SA values changed as a function of the exposure times, which ranged from 194 to 23 ppm against the SFL of tulip bulbs. These results suggest that SA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of fungal diseases in tulips.
Conclusion: SA demonstrated effective antifungal properties compared to synthetic fungicides, suggesting it could mitigate storage diseases in tulip bulbs. Recommendations included using 1600 ppm SA for six hours or 800 ppm SA for 24 hours to manage fungal contamination before storage or planting of tulip bulbs.
Distribution Pattern of Keratinophilic Fungi in Different Ecological Conditions: A Review
Authors: Rathore Poonam , Bhadauria Seema
Published: October 2024

Keratin, an insoluble protein with numerous disulphide bonds is highly resistant to proteases and serves as one of the major defiant pollutants. The keratinophilic fungi are known to use keratinous substances such as skin, hair, nail, fur and feather for their growth and survival. The biodegradation of keratin by microbes provides a medium to remove environmental contamination and is even considered as substitute to physical and chemical treatments.  The keratinolytic potential of these fungi play an important role in decomposition of keratin. The present review highlights the role of various ecological factors on the distribution pattern of keratinophilic fungi. Also, the effect of various biotic and abiotic factors on their growth is discussed.  Among biotic factors growth is largely dependent on the presence of humans, birds, animals and abiotic factors include temperature, pH, humidity, organic matter in soil. Further, the potential keratinous substrates such as hairs, feathers, pellets are also described. Study of keratinophilic fungi is important as they have application in industrial sector. Further, isolation of keratinases is also helpful in pharmaceutical and leather industry. Biotechnological uses of these fungi help in cleaning the environmental waste. This review may help as a guide to use the keratinases at industrial level that is to extend the laboratory research to industrial level.
A Rare Case of Community-acquired Meningitis Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus at FANN Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
Authors: KA Daye , Ibrahim Aboubakar Taha , Badiane Aboubakar Sidikh , Sarr Catherine , Dieng Ndéye Marème , Mbaye Khardiata Diallo , Lakhe Ndéye Aissatou , Diallo Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse , Seydi Moussa
Published: October 2024

Bacterial meningitis in Africa is caused mainly by three bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae B. Staphylococcus aureus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis, with an estimated prevalence rate of between 0.89% and 5% of bacterial meningitis cases in Africa.
The aim was to highlight the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes of this rare case.
We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with dental caries admitted for acute meningitis. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The patient had a good clinical evolution with intravenous antibiotic therapy. Following a review of the literature, we discuss the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus meningitis.
Genotypic × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Bulb Yield and Yield Attributes in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Mahala Kamal , Yadav D.K. , Gupta Deepak , Choudhary M. R. , Ujjainiya Pushpa , Goswami Manika
Published: October 2024

An experiment was conducted for estimating the Genotypic × Environment interaction and stability for bulb yield and yield attributes in onion. 36 elite genotypes were evaluated during winter season (rabi) 2022-23 at three different environments in 3 replications. Estimate of environment wise analysis of variance suggested the significant differences for all the characters in all environments. Significant mean squares due to environments were also observed for all the traits under study showed that environments selected for study were random and different in agro-climatic conditions. Genotypes x interactions were significant for all the characters. Joint consideration of mean performance and stability parameters revealed that parents RO-1 and RO-59 were above average stable for bulb yield and were considered suitable for general adaptation. The crosses RO-1 × RO-59, RO-1 × Pusa Shobha, RO-1 × Pusa Madhavi, Pusa Shobha × Pusa Madhavi and Pusa Madhavi × Pusa Red were considered suitable for better environmental condition for bulb yield, while, the crosses RO-1 × Bhima Kiran, RO-59 × Pusa Madhavi, RO-59 × Pusa Red, Bhima Kiran × Bhima Shakti, Bhima Kiran × Pusa Shobha, Bhima Kiran × Pusa Madhavi and Bhima Kiran × Kashi No. 1 were considered suitable for general adaptation.
Indicators for Assessment of Agricultural Sustainability in India: A Review
Authors: Pandey Kanika , Kashyap S.K.
Published: October 2024

The concept of sustainability and its dimension in agriculture system is complex in nature and there is no common understanding among the researchers about the dimensions of agriculture sustainability. Various parameters have been proposed by the researchers for the measurement of agricultural sustainability. There should be a formal system for the assessment of agricultural sustainability that will further help in designing policies and programs and help in achieving sustainable agriculture development. This article reviews some aspects of agricultural sustainability and its dimensions and provides a set of indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability at regional and district levels involving environmental sustainability, social security, and economic security in India based on theoretically proposed and practically applied indicators by researchers. The indicators to be used for assessment of agriculture sustainability should be location specific for better understanding and should also be constructed according to the ecological and socioeconomic situation.
Harnessing the Power of K-Immune 10%, A Novel Bio-stimulant for Enhancing Crop Resilience and Yield: A Multi-crop Study
Authors: Acharya Suresh , Patel Kishan N. , Dharaviya Rahul G.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of K-Immune 10%, a novel combination of chitosan oligosaccharides and kelp, in addressing agricultural challenges exacerbated by unsustainable farming practices including excessive chemical inputs. Experiments were conducted on greengram, mustard and okra to assess its impact on seed germination, plant growth, stress tolerance and crop yield. In greengram, seed treatment of K-Immune at 8 ml/L concentration significantly enhanced seedling vigour and speed of germination without affecting germination percentage. For mustard, K-Immune applied at 30 ml/15L water twice increased seed yield by 42.09% over the RFD, while also providing effective disease control. In okra, K-Immune at 40 ml/15L water applied twice boosted fruit yield by 22.91% and substantially reduced pest and disease damage. The study demonstrates the potential of K-Immune as a bio-stimulant and plant protectant, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional agrochemicals. By enhancing crop resilience and productivity while minimizing environmental impact, K-Immune can be strategically applied between regular pesticide sprays to serve as a crucial tool in combating the development of pesticide resistance.
Comparative Performance Analysis of PID and Sliding Mode Controllers in Speed Control of Induction Motor Drives with Intermittent Loading
Authors: Etim Isemin Stephen , Umoette Anyanime Tim , Ukommi Ubong S.
Published: October 2024

Induction motor (IM) is the most used AC machine, and it is a constant speed device. If induction motion must be used in variable speed applications, its speed must be controlled.  Speed control of a squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) using a control algorithm with proportional integral derivative (PID) and sliding mode controller (SMC) was designed, simulated, and analyzed in this paper. Three-phase SCIM was considered, MATLAB software was used for both design and simulation and decoupling of the flux and torque-producing components for separate control was done for the actual control of the SCIM drive. The motor drive was used in driving a constant load of 0% (0 Nm), 28% (4 Nm), and 62% (12 Nm) of the rated torque with a variable speed of 0 rad/s, 10 rad/s, and 25 rad/s. It is observed that SMC gave the best speed performance compared to other controllers. The steady-state error, rise time, settling time, and overshoot of the SMC model were 0.1%, 0.01 sec, 0.05 sec, and 4%, respectively while that if PID were respectively 2 %, 0.02 sec, 0.2 sec, and 16 %,  when driving 4Nm under intermittent speed.  The improved speed performance of the proposed SM controller can be used in robotics where high precision speed performance is required.
Enhancing Security and Traceability in Aerospace Supply Chains through Block Chain Technology
Authors: Joeaneke Princess Chimmy , Kolade Titilayo Modupe , Obioha-Val Onyinye , Olisa Anthony Obulor , Joseph Sunday Abayomi , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: October 2024

This study explores the impact of blockchain technology on aerospace supply chains, focusing on mitigating risks such as supply chain disruptions, counterfeit parts, and regulatory compliance challenges. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis using data sourced from publicly available databases, including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and reports from blockchain technology providers. Descriptive analysis identified supply chain disruptions (M = 3.74, SD = 1.17) as the most significant risk, followed by counterfeit parts (M = 3.34, SD = 1.20). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) demonstrated that part authentication and provenance tracking had the strongest impact on improving traceability (β = 0.40, p < 0.001) and transparency (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) revealed a positive return on investment, with cost-benefit ratios up to 2.31. Blockchain adoption was also found to reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 25%, while improving operational efficiency through shorter procurement lead times and lower administrative costs. However, regulatory misalignment and interoperability challenges remain barriers to full adoption. The study concludes that blockchain is a transformative tool for enhancing traceability, security, and sustainability in aerospace supply chains.
Effect of Date of Sowing in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Genotypes on Seed Growth and Yield
Authors: S Manjunath , N. M Shakunatala, , Kurnallikar Vijay kumar , Macha Sangeetha I , T.C Suma , B Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

Three genotypes of mustard NRCHB – 101, PM-25 and PM-30 were sown during November- December in three different dates at an interval of fifteen days to know the effect of sowing date on seed yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field during Rabi 2019-2020 and Department of Seed Science and Technology College of Agriculture Raichur and Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Sciences Raichur, (India). Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, number of primary branches palnt-1, number of secondary branches plant-1, chlorophyll content, number of siliqua plant-1, number of seed siliqua-1, 1000 weight, yield plant-1and yield ha-1 and oil content of mustard. Delay in sowing caused a significant reduction in the seed yield and oil content. Results showed that the highest seed yield was1962.48 kg ha-1 obtained at early sown condition 2nd week of November. The lowest seed yield was 1902.10 kg ha-1 from 2nd week of December late sown condition. From the results, the best sowing date of mustard is on 2nd week of November in the northern parts of Karnataka.
Testing nowcasts of the ionospheric convection from the expanding and contracting polar cap model
Authors: Walach M.‐T. , Milan S. E. , Yeoman T. K. , Hubert B. A. , Hairston M. R.
Published: April 2017

The expanding/contracting polar cap (ECPC) model, or the time‐dependent Dungey cycle, provides a theoretical framework for understanding solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The ECPC describes the relationship between magnetopause reconnection and substorm growth phase, magnetotail reconnection and substorm expansion phase, associated changes in auroral morphology, and ionospheric convective motions. Despite the many successes of the model, there has yet to be a rigorous test of the predictions or nowcasts made regarding ionospheric convection, which remains a final hurdle for the validation of the ECPC. In this study we undertake a comparison of ionospheric convection, as measured in situ by ion drift meters on board DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellites and from the ground by SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network), with motions nowcasted by a theoretical model. The model is coupled to measurements of changes in the size of the polar cap made using global auroral imagery from the IMAGE FUV (Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration Far Ultraviolet) instrument, as well as the dayside reconnection rate, estimated using the OMNI data set. The results show that we can largely nowcast the magnitudes of ionospheric convection flows using the context of our understanding of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail.
Down to Earth With an Electric Hazard From Space
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Schultz Adam
Published: April 2017

In reaching across traditional disciplinary boundaries, solid‐Earth geophysicists and space physicists are forging new collaborations to map magnetic‐storm hazards for electric‐power grids. Future progress in evaluation storm time geoelectric hazards will come primarily through monitoring, surveys, and modeling of related data.
Risk of Allergic Conditions in Children Born to Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Couture Julie , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe , Pineau Christian A. , Scott Susan , Clarke Ann E. , Bernatsky Sasha , Vinet Evelyne
Published: April 2017

Objective

Limited evidence suggests a potentially increased risk of allergic conditions in offspring born to women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In a large population‐based study, we aimed to determine if children born to mothers with SLE have an increased risk of allergic conditions compared to children born to mothers without SLE.

Methods

Using the Offspring of SLE Mothers Registry, we identified children born live to mothers with SLE and their matched controls, and ascertained the number of allergic conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis) based on ≥1 hospitalization or ≥1 or 2 physician(s) visit(s) with a relevant diagnostic code. We adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, obstetrics complications, calendar year of birth, sex of the child, and maternal medication.

Results

There were 509 women with SLE who had 719 children, while 5,824 matched controls had 8,493 children. The mean ± SD followup period was 9.1 ± 5.8 years. Compared to controls, more children born to mothers with SLE had evidence of allergic conditions (43.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 40.4–47.6] versus 38.1% [95% CI 37.0–39.1]). In multivariate analysis (n = 9,212), children born to mothers with SLE had an increased risk of allergic conditions versus control children (odds ratio 1.35 [95% CI 1.13–1.61]).

Conclusion

Compared to children from the general population, children born to women with SLE may have an increased risk of allergic conditions. Genetics, shared environmental exposures, as well as in utero exposure to maternal autoantibodies and cytokines may mediate this increased risk.
Isoprene (co)polymers with glycidyl methacrylate via bimolecular and unimolecular nitroxide mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Contreras‐López David , Albores‐Velasco Martha , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique
Published: April 2017

Homo and copolymerization of isoprene with small amounts (1–10 wt %) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) are conducted using controlled‐living radical polymerization mediated by nitroxides at 120 °C and 1170 kPa in solution with toluene (30 wt % solids). N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropyl)‐O‐(1‐phenylethyl) hydroxylamine is successfully used as a control agent (unimolecular process) although other controllers are also tested (TIPNO and OH‐TEMPO in a bimolecular process using BPO as initiator). Chain extension experiments demonstrate the livingness of the synthesized materials. Several additives (acetic anhydride, camphorsulfonic acid and glucose) prove effective in accelerating the reactions. All the successful polymerizations result in first‐order kinetics with respect to the monomer, yielding average molecular weights (Mn) of about 75% compared to the theoretical Mn (Mn, theo) with dispersities (Ð) ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 depending on the agent used for control. Controlled grafts of poly(isoprene‐co‐GMA) are also attached to polyisoprene via nitroxide chemistry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45108.
Psychophysiological responses to emotions of others in young children with autism spectrum disorders: Correlates of social functioning
Authors: Zantinge Gemma , van Rijn Sophie , Stockmann Lex , Swaab Hanna
Published: April 2017

Studying cognitive and affective mechanisms of social behavior could lead to identifying early indicators of derailing social behavior in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The present study combined sensitive and objective techniques, such as eyetracking and psychophysiology, to provide insight into early neurodevelopmental mechanisms that are more difficult to uncover when relying on behavioral measures. Social attention towards faces and changes in affective arousal were investigated together in 28 young children with ASD (42–75 months) and 45 nonclinical controls (41–81 months). Children were shown a social‐emotional video clip while eyetracking and heart rate were measured. Children with ASD fixated less on key social‐emotional features within the clip as compared to controls, even though both groups attended equally toward the screen. In contrast to the control group, children with ASD did not show an increase or modulation in affective arousal in response to the social‐emotional scenes. Severity of ASD symptoms, specifically social problems, was associated with arousal modulation and social attention within the ASD group. Early ASD symptoms are associated with impairments in fundamental building blocks of social behavior as expressed in a lack in spontaneous social attention and affective arousal. Such sensitive and objective measures of underlying mechanisms might serve as indicators for tailored approaches in treatment and may help in evaluating effectiveness of early interventions aimed at positively influencing social development and related quality of life in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1499–1509. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of presentation patterns, clinical severity, and sensorial mechanism of tip‐toe behavior in severe ASD subjects with intellectual disability: A cohort observational study
Authors: Valagussa Giulio , Trentin Luca , Balatti Valeria , Grossi Enzo
Published: April 2017

Lay Abstract

We assessed presentation patterns and characteristics of tip‐toe behavior (TTB), more commonly known as toe walking, in a cohort of severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects with intellectual disability in two studies. The first study included 69 consecutive ASD subjects (57 males, mean age = 14 years—3.7 SD) under observation at our institute. A therapist assessed the presence of TTB during standing, walking, and running through direct observation and an interview with the subjects main caregiver. The prevalence of TTB was 32%. We found three clinical presentation patterns of TTB: (1) present when standing, walking and running (45.5%), (2) present when walking and running (18.4%), or (3) present only when running (36.4%). TTB subjects were more frequently nonverbal than those without TTB (72.7% vs. 44.6%‐P = 0.03). On the other hand, no significant difference in ASD severity according to the ADOS scale was found between TTB and non‐TTB subjects. In the second study, carried out in a subgroup of 14 ASD subjects (7 TTB and 7 non‐TTB), we evidenced that a soft floor surface (foam mats) made a substantial difference in reducing the TTB phenomenon. TTB is frequently present in ASD individuals and may occur in three mutually exclusive modalities, which ultimately defines what is commonly known as toe walking. The presence of TTB seems correlated to the severity of language delay. Foot contact on soft surfaces reduces TTB both during static and/or dynamic tasks. Further evaluation is needed to clarify the potential pathophysiological implications of this phenomenon. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1547–1557. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal hirsutism and autism spectrum disorders in offspring
Authors: Lee Brian K. , Arver Stefan , Widman Linnea , Gardner Renee M. , Magnusson Cecilia , Dalman Christina , Kosidou Kyriaki
Published: April 2017

Because animal and human studies indicate that androgen exposure can influence neurodevelopment, it has been hypothesized that prenatal exposure to excess androgens may predispose to disorders with male‐skewed ratio such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, maternal conditions characterized by hyperandrogenism such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hirsutism may be relevant to child ASD. We previously found in a large Swedish case‐control study of 23,748 ASD cases and 208,796 matched controls that PCOS in mothers is associated with increased offspring risk of ASD. In the same sample, we have now examined whether maternal diagnoses of hirsutism were associated with ASD. In both unadjusted logistic regression models and models adjusted for a variety of covariates, hirsutism was associated with higher odds of ASD. The most adjusted odds ratios for associations with ASD for hirsutism diagnosis before birth and lifetime diagnosis of hirsutism were 1.64 (95% CI: 0.94, 2.83) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.57), respectively. The presence of an association of maternal hirsutism with child ASD is consistent with the hypothesis that androgens may be involved in the etiology of ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1544–1546. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.