bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Contributing to Test Anxiety Effects on Performance
Authors:   , Gerdes Christie
Published: February 2023

The present study examined test anxiety and how several variables combined to affect performance. Test anxiety has been viewed as a physiological component, as a derivative of self-concept, a skills deficit, a cognitive component, etc. This study was designed to consider a wide variety of aspects that interact with test anxiety in order to discern how they in turn affect performance outcome. It was the intent of this study to not discount any theory but use the concepts derived by each and formulate a more comprehensive viewpoint of test anxiety. This study utilized 94 subjects (43 females, 51 males) with ages ranging from 18 to 55. These subjects completed a series of questionnaires regarding test anxiety, performance expectancy, attitudes toward anxiety, and cognitions experienced while taking an exam. These questionnaires were administered one week before they were to take a class exam and then again on the day of the exam. A recurrent theme in this study was the effect cognitive variables had on test anxiety and performance. A cognitive interference measure correlated with grade r=-.39, p<.01 and with test anxiety r=-56, p<.01. Another finding from this study included confirming that test anxiety and outcome performance are multiply determined and a study which focuses solely on any individual factor would be incomplete. Most of the correlations between variables were in concordance with previous research except facilitative anxiety. It was found that facilitative anxiety was positively correlated with test anxiety and negatively correlated with grade. To summarize, the results from the present study support the multiple determination theory of Sieber (1980). This theory states that no one variable can determine the origin of test anxiety because it is impossible to separate out the effects each individual variable has on anxiety. The present study also supports the work of Meichenbaum and Butler (1980). They proclaim that test anxiety is a cognitive-attentional phenomenon. Many of the meaningful results of this study came from cognitive aspects of test anxiety.
Cognitive Conflict and Conservation of Number Learning
Authors:   , Soyster Harry
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to investigate Piaget’s contention that cognitive conflict: prompts a more mature organization of thought. The literature has been divided about the effectiveness of cognitive conflict in fostering mental growth. Further, several recent articles have questioned whether present conflict training methods actually prompt appreciable conflict in the four to six year old children that have typically been used as Ss . Forty-one kindergartners were randomly assigned to three groups. The effectiveness of training was determined by increases in conservation of number learning (i.e., understanding that equally numbered sets can only be altered by addition or subtraction of elements and not by just changing the position of the elements). Piaget has indicated that such understanding typically marks acquisition of the more logical, comprehensive thought of middle childhood. The data indicated that conflict training did not prompt more conservation of number learning than equivalent control training. Such a result suggested that the earlier success of this training method was a consequence of practice in making numerical comparisons and not because of the arousal of cognitive conflict. Further, the fact that the comparison control group had a longer response latency than the conflict training group makes it seem doubtful that conflict training prompted appreciable cognitive conflict. The results in conjunction with the findings of recent studies make it seem doubtful that current intra-individual conflict training methods are useful with pre conservation children. However, socially generated cognitive conflict may prove effective with this population.
Line, Symbolism and the Human Figure
Authors:   , Braden John
Published: February 2023

The prints in my thesis are a climax of study, but also a point in space and time from which I will continue on. As a subject for my thesis I have simply recognized the direction in which my work has taken me.
Opinions of Public School Teachers Toward School Uniforms
Authors:   , Reichenborn Dan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the research was to investigate Kansas elementary and middle school teachers' opinions toward school uniforms. The independent variables investigated were academic level, district size, and geographic location. The dependent variables were Social Issues, Discipline Issues, Academic Issues, and Total. Sample size was 297. There was one composite null hypothesis that was tested at the .0500 level. The analysis consisted of 28 comparisons. Of the 28 comparisons, 12 were for main effects and 16 for interactions. Four of the 12 main effects were statistically significant at the .0500 level. Eight of the 16 interactions were statistically significant at the .0500 level. The following interactions were significant: 1. the independent variables academic level and geographic location for the dependent variable Social Issues, 2. the independent variables district size and geographic location for the dependent variable Social Issues, 3. the independent variables academic level and geographic location for the dependent variable Discipline Issues; 4. the independent variables district size and geographic location for the dependent variable Discipline Issues; 5. the independent variables academic level and geographic location for the dependent, Variable Academic Issues, 6. the independent variables district size and geographic location for the dependent variable Academic Issues, 7. the independent variables academic level and geographic location for the dependent variable Total, and 8. the independent variables district size and geographic location for the dependent variable Total. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. academic level and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Social Issues, 2. district size and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Social Issues, 3. academic level and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Discipline Issues, 4. district size and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Discipline Issues, 5. academic level and geographic location should be in interpreted concurrently for Academic Issues, 6. district size and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Academic Issues, 7. academic level and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Total, 8. district size and geographic location should be interpreted concurrently for Total, and 9. Kansas elementary and middle level teachers have positive opinions toward uniforms in public schools.
The Impassive Male in the Fiction of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Authors:   , Sugg Robert
Published: February 2023

Nathaniel Hawthorne was a nineteenth century author, who, upon entering the writing profession, was confronted with the intolerance of certain Puritan mores. Hawthorne inherited from his father a disposition toward solitude. This personality trait fully developed while Hawthorne, as a young man, was under the constant influence of his mother and sisters. Possibly this close family relationship was a factor which motivated Hawthorne somewhat to isolate himself for twelve years to study the art of writing. Part of Hawthorne's preparation during these twelve years was his attempt to clarify his ethical importance as a writer. Hawthorne rejected his strict Puritan training which, he felt, dealt only with the evil in men's hearts; however, he likewise was unable to accept the transcendental concept that mankind was naturally good. Hawthorne's early life apparently influenced his literary production and the result is seen in the definite recurrence of certain themes throughout his writings. Hawthorne was obsessed with the problem of isolation and one finds frequent treatment of the theme of isolation of an individual from the brotherhood of mankind - a condition which Hawthorne regards as destructive of the \magnetic chain of humanity.\ As a writer Hawthorne had to develop an adequate symbol of both the damnation of alienation and the salvation of communion. He chose to use the marriage relationship symbolically to represent ideal communion and reconciliation. Probably Hawthorne's attitude toward the redemptive role of his marriage to Sophia prompted him to use this symbol. Since Hawthorne was most preoccupied with tales who describe the failure of man to achieve this communion, however, one can safely assume that Hawthorne unconsciously revealed through his fiction, his concern about the efficacy of his own marriage to Sophia. An analysis of Hawthorne's works shows a persistent use of impassive male characters. These characters can be separated into two categories: those who are unable to respond to love and those who willfully reject the proffer of love. All the characters in both groups have one thing in common: their impassivity derives from a fatal pre-occupation with self. Hawthorne, as an author, sees man often unable to affect reconciliation to society. Possibly his own seclusion was partly responsible forth is concept. There is some doubt that Hawthorne's marriage to Sophia actually gave him the total release from his temperamental love of solitude and isolation he so desired. This theory is substantiated by the fact that in his writings, Hawthorne seems to be dominated by the ideas of alienation and reconciliation; and more often, an ideal communion was not reached even when the impassive male entered into marriage relationship. These distinguishing qualities which are prevalent in Hawthorne's works seem to uphold the proposition of this writing that Hawthorne used the impassive and spiritually sterile male to represent the failure of man to achieve communion and reconciliation with humanity.
Effect of an Interactive Cross-Cultural Intervention on Cultural Awareness of Elementary School Children
Authors:   , Smith Jane
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effect of a cross-cultural intervention in the acculturation process at the elementary school level. Race, gender, and group were the independent variables. The levels of the race variable were those participating and those not participating in the intervention. Test scores from the cultural awareness instrument were the dependent variables. Pre-scores on the cultural awareness test were employed as the covariate measure. The sample consisted of 88 subjects in the experimental group and 46 subjects in the control group. Subjects were from fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms containing Asians, Hispanics, and Anglos. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design with mixed groups was employed. Six composite null hypotheses were tested and all six were retained. Thirty-six comparisons were tested at the .05 level of significance and none were found to be statistically significant. The results of the study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. that there was no association between gender and cultural awareness scores. 2. That there was no association between race and cultural awareness scores. 3. That an interactive cross- cultural intervention made no difference on the cultural awareness scores. 4. That grade placement was not associated with cultural awareness scores.
A Supervisory Program For Elementary Schools
Authors:   , Biggs Michael
Published: February 2023

The problem of this report specifically stated is as follows: Supervisory program For Elementary Schools. The basic idea is to set up a supervisory program that will be workable and helpful in improving instruction in the smaller schools in communities of the second and third class in Kansas.
The Use of Form as a Point of Departure in the Creating of Organic Sculpture
Authors:   , DuBois Leo
Published: February 2023

Manuscript contains photographic slides not appended to this PDF.
Small Mammals in Field Borders of Cereal Cropfields in an Agricultural Mosaic in West-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Mellot Ron
Published: February 2023

The small mammal populations of fencerows and crop field borders were sampled in an agricultural-grassland mosaic of west-central Kansas. Farming is a dryland, 3-year rotation of wheat, grain sorghum, and fallow. Two sites were sampled, one on the border of a wheat field and the second on the border of a grain sorghum field. Sampling was conducted from November 1980 to November 1981. Species richness, diversity, and evenness were assessed for each trapping period and contrasted with the same indices obtained from trapping results in the centers of the fields. Seasonal use of habitats was also assessed. Field borders, despite their small areal extent, contained relatively diverse small mammal communities. Peromyscus maniculatus was the most common inhabitant of both the field border and crops and habitats and was the only species trapped in both habitat types during all periods. Relative densities of P. maniculatus peaked during the spring, indicating a possible adjustment of the breeding cycle to coincide with development of factors in the crop fields. Species richness increased in the cropland habitats during the vegetative growth phases of each crop, indicating the carrying capacity of crop fields may be variable. Species other than P. maniculatus appeared to utilize cropfield habitats only on a seasonal or sporadic basis.
Seasonal Movement and Activity of Small Rodents in Four Different Ecological Areas
Authors:   , Frydendall Merrill
Published: February 2023

This investigation was conducted in the mixed-prairie association near Hays, Kansas. The principal purpose was to study seasonal movement, activity and species composition of small rodents in four different ecological areas. These four different habitats were: a non-grazed prairie, commonly referred to as the relict area; a moderately grazed pasture, a shelterbelt, and a streambank association. Live trapping was used in all four areas so that individuals could be captured, marked, released and recaptured to obtain the data desired. With the use of live traps the biota was only slightly disturbed and data was gathered which would have been impossible to obtain with snap-traps. Eight species of small rodents were recorded in this investigation. These were: prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus luteus); hispid cotton rat (Sigmondon hispidus texianus); western harvest mouse (Reithro-dontomys megalotis duchei); prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster haydeni); thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus arenicola); white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus aridulus); course-haired pocket mouse (Perognathus hispidus paradoxus); and house mouse (Mus musculus). Of these eight species seven had been previously reported from this area. The white-footed mouse was first captured in this area during this investigation. In all four ecological areas under investigation it was found that the small mammals were most abundant during the summer season. In all areas except the moderately grazed pasture there was a decrease in the populations of the small rodents during the fall and a low was reached during the winter and early spring. The populations of the moderately grazed pasture remained more or less constant, with only minor fluctuations, throughout all four season. On the shelterbelt and streambank trapping areas there was no spring increase in the abundance of the small mammals from the winter low. This was probably due to snow which remained on these two areas from the middle of January to the last of March. Snow remaining on the ground for such a length of time would possibly eradicate many individuals through exposure, and cause them to die of starvation. Considerable information was recorded in regard to seasonal activities and species composition but only meager information on seasonal movements was obtained.
Women and the Workplace : An Examination of Attribution Theory and Body Image
Authors:   , Feltis Brandy
Published: February 2023

Today’s society has become increasingly concerned with what is politically correct by trying to dispel any biases that may offend someone. One of the biases the American culture has made acceptable is bias against the overweight. Overweight individuals are being discriminated against on a regular basis, and overweight women are those primarily suffering consequences of this bias. They are seen as being out of control, lazy and unprofessional. Overweight women are being discriminated against on a regular basis in the workplace because of such bias. Research shows people make judgments according to first impressions, which are formed within the first few seconds of meeting someone. Appearance is usually a major factor in first impressions because one does not have much else to go on within a few seconds other than appearance. One’s body image is, of course, part of their immediate appearance. An individual’s body image, or appearance of being overweight, has been shown to lead to discrimination within the workplace due to others’ causal attributions. The purpose of this study was to examine attribution theory and its relationship to body image. The study began by collecting information from previous literature and later formulating a questionnaire asking likely future employers (N=93) to make a hiring decision based on limited information, such as photographs and resumes. This sample was chosen in order to find if biases against the overweight are prevalent in tomorrow’s employers. RQ1: How do management students’ perceptions of body image affect their employment decisions? The researcher developed a questionnaire and mock resumes and photographs of four potential candidates for hire. The study utilized data collected form business management juniors and seniors at a mid-sized, Midwestern university. Students were asked to evaluated the candidates and choose which applicant they would hire and why according to a 7-item questionnaire; 105 questionnaires were distributed. Analysis of such information was consistent with previous research. The present study contributed quantitative and qualitative data into body image studies in relationship with the fundamental attribution error. This study provided an important bridge between first impressions and attribution theory, as well as in gender issues and calls for future research. Implications for the results of this study are later discussed.
A Comparison of Experienced Control in Learning Disabled and Normal Adolescents
Authors:   , Dorzweiler Judith
Published: February 2023

Recent research dealing with learning disabled children and locus of control have primarily been based on Rotter’s theory of locus of control, in which two basic loci exist: internal or external. Most results have concurred that learning disabled children view themselves as externally oriented, however it is the contention of this paper that Rotter’s theory may actually be a collapsed view of a broader concept, experienced control. That is Rotter, expresses control which includes but does not differentiate different dimensions. Experienced control (EC) is a phenomenologically oriented theory which is concerned with both intrapersonal and interpersonal events, and self directed and non-self directed behavior. EC theory posits four kinds of control at two basic loci. The types of control are as follows: From Internal (FI) forces, Over Internal (OI) forces, From External (FE) forces or agents, and Over External (OE) forces or agents. Forty-eight students from USD 489 participated in the study by filling out the Tiffany EC Scale, which assesses experienced control in eight different situations. Twenty-four students form the seventh through the ninth grade LD programs were matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status with students form the regular educational curriculum. Results were analyzed using a discriminative function analysis. The resulting equation was significant at the .0011 level indicating that LD students do differ from regular curriculum students in experienced control as measured by the Tiffany EC Scale. TH LD students experienced greater control at FI and FE for situations in which learning, past or present, was involved. Remediation efforts for the LD student should include a greater awareness of self, and methods by which they might control forces or pressures form internal or external loci.
Spacetime Constructs
Authors:   , Hoernicke Placido
Published: February 2023

Time and space, as commonly understood, have been marked, measured, and mandated since early man scribed stones with symbols of suns, moons, and seasons. Solar and lunar movements are still central to the contemporary view of time and space. This show, on a personal conceptual level, is linked to the idea of passing through time and space. The content has been influenced by artifacts created by ancient people as well as by the more contemporary images of electronic and optical technologies. The materials used in the making of the pieces for this show include the traditional stone, bronze and wood as well as the more contemporary aluminum. The pieces for this show were carved, cast, soldered and riveted in order to reflect a feeling of the past, the present, and perhaps, the future. This show also represents a point in time and space for the artist. The trip, begun decades ago and thousands of miles away, is now complete and maybe it is time to start again.
A Review of the Milling Industry in Kansas
Authors:   , Birdsell James
Published: February 2023

Buried somewhere in the dark recesses of the unwritten history of mankind, the origin of flour milling lies unknown. Milling occurred long before any kind of pictorial or written records were kept. When wheat growing and flour processing were first mentioned in historical records, it seems that both were already ancient institutions. Somewhere back in the ages the idea of breaking up the grains between two stones slowly took form in the mind of an ancient man. Up until this time, the grains were broken only through the chewing process. With this idea, was born an industry which has survived throughout the ages and into the present.
The Original Heart
Authors:   , Fung Frederick
Published: February 2023

I trust my passion to create my work as I follow my bliss to live my life. Silence keeps me company to give me peace and joy. Insanity is my place to release myself. Conscious and subconscious are both equal, yet our morals hide our souls. Time and the universe run fast while our feelings and emotions grow vast. How heavy can we take? How far can we go? Truth and false, right and wrong, good and evil are mutual and balanced, just like one is hiding, one is seeking. Hide and Seek was the game we played but we still play nowadays. If games are the essence of life, winning or losing does not mean an insight. With chances and spirits as our guides, we look for the original heart that’s near our sight.
A Study of Comparisons from the Aahper Youth Fitness Test, the 600 Yard Walk Test, and the Twelve Minute Run-Walk Test for Selected High School Girls
Authors:   , Miles Helen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether evidence from test results would support the statements that (1) a similar pattern of test results should emerge from a comparison of the results of the scores obtained on the 12 minute run -walk test and the 600 yard run-walk test, (2) that the results of the 12 minute aerobic endurance test should reflect the general physical fitness of the individual, (3) that the aerobics training program should result in improved scores on the 12 minute run-walk test and on the 600 yard run-walk test, and (4) that the experimental group should show an improvement greater than the control group on the 12 minute run-walk test, on the 600 yard run-walk test, and on the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test.
A Correlational Study of MMPI Nonaptitude Traits and Guilford's Southern California Tests of Intellectual Abilities
Authors:   , Hinzman John
Published: February 2023

This research was designed to investigate the relationships between intelligence, personality variables, and creativity. Forty-three males and twenty-seven females in general psychology classes at Fort Hays State College served as subjects. The Otis Quick-Scoring Mental Ability Test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and Guilford's Southern California Tests of Intellectual Abilities were administered. Correlations were computed between all variables. Data analysis revealed that a positive correlation exists between intelligence and creativity with little difference in the magnitude of correlations between males and females. Hypochondriasis and Hysteria correlated positively with creativity. Several of Guilford's sub-tests were found to correlate significantly with various personality variables. Sex differences on the creativity tests were found to be insignificant.
Variations of Ceramic Forms from the Potters Wheel
Authors:   , Bornemann Jim
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to create the basic variations of ceramic forms thrown from the potters wheel. The term thrown, is that used by potters, to refer to the process of arriving at a form on the potters wheel.
The Annual Lipid Cycle of Peromyscus Leucopus in Eastern Nebraska
Authors:   , Short Nancy
Published: February 2023

The relationship of the annual lipid cycle of Peromyscus leucopus to sex, reproductive status, and environmental conditions was evaluated. The lipid index, as g fat/g fat-free dry weight (FFDW), indicated significant differences among months in both sexes. The highest and lowest levels of lipids were in winter and late spring, respectively. Seasonal variations in levels of lipids probably were due to reproductive activities in both males and females and physiological changes in preparation for and in response to the prolonged cold temperatures of winter.
Homogeneous Precipitation of Tetraphenylarsonium Dichromate
Authors:   , Hoffman Gerald
Published: February 2023

The homogeneous precipitation of tetraphenylarsonium dichromate can be used in the gravimetric analysis of chromium. Chromium (III) is oxidized slowly with cerium (IV) and subsequently precipitated with tetraphenylarsonium chloride. The precipitate obtained by this procedure is pure and easily filtered. It was found that 10 mg of chromium can be determined as tetraphenylarsonium dichromate with an error not exceeding 1%. The most effective precipitation occurs in 0.1 N to 0.5 N sulfuric acid. All ions which precipitate with tetraphenylarsonium chloride interfere in the determination. Ions (such as manganese) which can be oxidized by cerium (IV) to a species capable of reacting with the tetraphenylarsonium cation also interfere in the determination. The homogeneous precipitation of tetraphenylarsonium dichromate can be applied to the determination of chromium in steel and chrome ore samples.
Relationship Between Metalinguistic Skills and Reading in Children
Authors:   , Price Cynthia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among specific tasks of meta-linguistic skills and decoding and reading comprehension abilities. Thirty children with 10 in each grade of first, second, and third participated in the study. Tasks of phonological, semantic, and syntactic awareness along with tasks of real word and pseudoword decoding and reading comprehension were administered. Results indicated that the three metalinguistic tasks were correlated with the reading skills of decoding and comprehension. The syntactic task was the only metalinguistic skill that was significant in predicting performance on real word and pseudoword decoding and reading comprehension. It appeared that the ability to judge correctness and make necessary changes had the strongest influence on the child's ability to read. The results were discussed in relation to the literature which has investigated the relationship between metalinguistic awareness and reading achievement.
Effect of Continental Airlines' 1983 Bankruptcy on its Advertising in the Rocky Mountain News
Authors:   , Younie Phillip
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effect of Continental Airlines' 1983 bankruptcy on its advertising in the Rocky Mountain News. This thesis was a descriptive study. A total of 14 Continental Airline advertisements were analyzed in the study. Eight ads came from the three months prior to Continental filing for bankruptcy. Four ads were from Continental's bankruptcy period and two ads were from the three months after coming out of bankruptcy. The ads were analyzed by to coders using a questionnaire corresponding to Bly's 10 Steps for Effective Advertising (1988). The results indicated that there was a change in the advertisements. The coders felt that the ads grew less effective during the bankruptcy period. This trend continued into the three months following bankruptcy. The results also indicated that in the three months after bankruptcy the headlines did not support the body copy and the ads were not easy to read.
Intermolecular Force-Based First-Order Phase Transition Incurred in Space Heat Transfer Systems
Authors:   , Kolbeck Kent
Published: February 2023

In the space environment heat dissipation to the outside of the spacecraft mainly relies on radiation. A two-phase based coolant is used for the heat transfer. The first order phase transition of vaporization serves as the initial stage of heat transport. The latent heat, molar volumes, and specific heat are calculated from the intermolecular binding energy, the radial distribution function, the second virial coefficient, and the equations of state. The process of self-consistent iteration is used to solve the inexact Clapeyron equation; in particular, the critical value of vapor quality at the exit of the evaporator is addressed. Ammonia was used as the reference fluid to test the theory. In the range of 240 to 320 Kelvin, the calculated latent heat of vaporization fits measured physical data within 4%. The theory gives the projection of the vaporization curve on the T -P plane, thus, one is able to construct the phase diagram for the coolant. From this approach, a foundation for selecting the coolant and the study of the non-equilibrium thermodynamic process for space application is established.
Alianza Para Progreso: A Study in Inter-American Cooperation
Authors:   , Kenyon Gary
Published: February 2023

A description and analysis of the Alliance for Progress is presented in this work. Development of a cooperative attitude in United States foreign policy toward Latin America, which culminated in the Alliance for Progress, is sketched. Economic and social conditions in Latin America which justified a new approach to Latin American-United States relations are outlined, and the manner in which some of these conditions have been overcome while others still present obstacles to achievement of the Alliance goals are shown. Progress of the Alliance from its conception in 1961 to the present and how it can be improved to achieve the Alliance goals is the unifying theme of the study. There have been criticisms of the Alliance, and these critical views are presented and analyzed, but the true value of the Alliance, which is depicted in the concluding chapter, is its impact on the people of Latin America as the Alliance slowly progresses toward the accomplishment of its goals of alleviating the social and economic miseries of the people of Latin America.
A History of The Indian Missions of The Presbyterian Church In Kansas.
Authors:   , McCleave David
Published: February 2023

The beginnings of the missionary activity of the Presbyterian Church date back to the colonial days of the eighteenth century. In point of American historical chronology, the missionary work of the Presbyterians among the Indians in what is now Kansas, southwestern Missouri and east central Oklahoma was inaugurated in the same decade that witnessed the War of 1812. It was my original intention to confine, this research to a consideration of the Indian missions established by the Presbyterian Church in that part of the Indian Territory which has now become the State of Kansas. There were five such mission stations set up within the present confines of this state. The first two were established in 1824 and 1829, respectively , among the Osage Indians in present Neosho county, Kansas. In 1834 a third was established in what is now Miami county to administer to the Wea and Piankeshaw Indians. Three years later the newly organised Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church chose the Iowa and Sac and Fox Indians as fit subjects for a mission station, which they organized in present Doniphan county. The last station which was established did not come until late in the territorial period of the history of this state, 1856, when an organization was developed near the Iowa station, in what has become Brown county, among the Kickapoo Indians. The history of the first two missions (the Neosho Mission, 1824, and the Boudinot Mission, 1829) is so closely interwoven with that of the Harmony Mission in Bates county, Missouri, and with the Union station set up in Oklahoma on the Grand (Neosho) river, about twenty-five miles above its junction with the Arkansas that a consideration of those in Kansas must necessarily include something of the story concerning the latter. Thus the scope of my research includes the Union and Harmony Missions, the Neosho and Boudinot Missions, the Wea Mission, the Kickapoo Mission, and last, though not so in chronological order, the Iowa, Sac and Fox Mission.
The Development of the Designs and the Construction of the Costumes for the Fort Hays Kansas State College Production of Howard Richardson and William Berney's Dark of the Moon
Authors:   , Adams Jani
Published: February 2023

The problem dealt with in this Master's thesis was the design, construction and assembling of over fifty costumes for the production of Dark of the Moon.
Helping Behavior: The Effects of Stress, Commonality of Fate, and Gender
Authors:   , Hayden Shelly
Published: February 2023

Dovidio and Morris (1975) conducted a study that examined the effects of stress and commonality of fate on males ' helping behavior. These authors found that high stress facilitated helping behavior when individuals shared a common fate, but inhibited helping behavior when fate was dissimilar. A design replication (Hayden, Jackson, & Guydish, 1983) of this study examined the effects of these variables on females' helping behavior. Consistent with the original study, Hayden et al. (1983) found a significant stress-fate interaction and also a greater overall amount of helping behavior than that found by Dovidio and Morris (1975). The present study was a replication and extension of the Dovidio and Morris (1975) study with the addition of the following two variables: sex of confederate and sex of subject. This experiment was a 2 (stress) X 2 (fate) X 2 (subject sex) X 2 (confederate sex) factorial design. There were high and low stress conditions and common and dissimilar fate conditions, with both males and females employed as subjects and confederates. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of four stress-fate conditions: high stress-common fate (both subject and confederate told they would participate in a shock experiment), high stress-dissimilar fate (subject told he/she would participate in a shock experiment, while the confederate was told he/she would participate in a word association study), low stress-common fate (both subject and confederate told they would participate in a word association study), and low stress-dissimilar fate (subject told he/she would participate in a word association study , while the confederate was told he/she would participate in a shock experiment). Half of the female subjects and half of the male subjects participated in the study with a male confederate, while the remaining individuals in the two subject groups participated with a female confederate. In contrast to the stated hypotheses, the present study did not replicate findings from the studies by Dovidio and Morris (1975) and Hayden et al. (1983) in the same sex conditions. Results that were found are discussed along with possible explanations for the findings.
Landscape of the Mind
Authors:   , Faw-Neher Linda
Published: February 2023

The works presented in this thesis record my inner response to the outer world. The result from being so completely immersed in the essence of nature that I get beyond the external focus and focus on its emotional, psychological and spiritual impact upon myself. Thus I am forever attempting to unlock the other-dimensions of the world and creatively reveal the inner reality discovered beneath the shifting exterior. This forces me to a personal awareness of myself, my life experiences derived from my own unique set of experiences of living, first in a foreign country, then growing up in an inner-city and now, in my adult life, relating to a rural area. By reaching down into these various levels I hope to portray different aspects of universal human response.
Recall and Organization in Short-Term Memory Constrained by a Continuous Memory Task, a Serial Recall Task, a Free Recall Task
Authors:   , Moutray Robin
Published: February 2023

Two experiments were carried out to examine the hypothesis that organization in rehearsal is a necessary condition for organization to be found in recall. In Experiment I, a continuous memory (CM) task was used to interfere with organized rehearsal as learners were forced to rehearse sequentially. In Experiment II, a serial recall procedure was used to limit organized rehearsal. Learners were partitioned into 6 groups. Half of the learners were given a categorized list (C), and half were given a list of unrelated (U) words. Within list conditions, one-third received a third trial output shift from serial-recall (SRS) to free-recall, one-third received a free-recall (FR) task, and one-third received a third trial output shift from free - recall (FRS) to serial-recall. In Experiment I and Experiment II respectively, organization in the recall of the continuous memory (CM) group and of the SRS-C group exceeded the expectations of a random model. Mean recall differences between groups in Experiment II were not significant except when contrasted with the FRS groups. The usual facilitation effect with categorized word lists (C) over unrelated word lists (U) was observed though this trend was much weaker than ex pee ted and reversed itself in the third trial output shift in the FRS groups. These results were interpreted as indicating that overt organized rehearsal is not a necessary condition for organized recall. Learners appeared to organize and recall at comparable levels regardless of the presence or absence of input constraints.
Perceived Levels of Collaboration and Nurse Practioner Satisfaction in Primary Care Practice
Authors:   , Pitts Rhonda
Published: February 2023

Collaboration and satisfaction are concepts that are not well understood in nursing. A systematic review or the literature using a computer search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ABl/lnform suggests that collaborative practice is achieved through the expertise and unique abilities or all cure providers (Jones. I 994b) and is obtainable through an awareness or nurse practitioner satisfaction parameters (Misener & Cox. 2001). It is the opinion or this researcher that the creation or work environments that encourage and support leaders' effectiveness, empathy, autonomy, flexibility, acceptance, and common goals, values and beliefs is essential for eliciting collaboration and satisfaction within organizations. For the purposes or this investigation, the relationship between collaboration and nurse practitioner satisfaction was explored using a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive-correlational research design. A convenience sample or297 nurse practitioners (N=297) who practice in primary care was derived from the Kansas population or advanced registered nurse practitioners. Orem's (2001) Self Care Deficit Theory or Nursing (SCDTN) and Herzberg’s Dual-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction and Motivation were reconstructed to form a nursing conceptual model to guide this investigation. The Collaborative Practice Scale Modified (CPS-M) by Jones (1994b), was used to measure the predictor variable of collaboration. The Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale (MNP JSS) by Misener and Cox (200 1) was utilized to measure the criterion variable of nurse practitioner job satisfaction. Non-parametric and parametric tests were used to determine if a correlation existed between a) the mean of tile total score of the CPS and the mean on the total score of the MNPJSS, and b) the mean of the total score on the CPS and individual Schenk Pitts Demographic Instrument Survey (SPDIS) questions. A statistically significant relationship was found to exist between the variables of collaboration and nurse practitioner satisfaction. Further tests revealed that internal reliability between subscales of the CPS-M and MNPJSS were of high magnitude. Moreover, internal reliability ofsubsca1es was found to mirror previous reported findings in the literature. Although this investigation represents a first attempt to explore the relationship between collaboration and satisfaction, the findings document that a statistically significant correlation exists. However, since the data represents only 3% of the variability regarding the relationship, further research is warranted.
Relationships Between Hardiness, Coping Styles, and Irrational Beliefs
Authors:   , Schlegel-Chaney Lisa
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this research was to study relationships between the personality construct of hardiness, transformational and regressive coping styles, and levels of endorsement of irrational beliefs. These relationships were studied by examining hypotheses and subhypotheses derived on the basis of Maddi and Kobasa's (1984) and Ellis and Harper's (1975) descriptions of their hardiness, coping, and irrational beliefs constructs. The significance of this study lies in its possible relevance to hardiness intervention. Accordingly, negative associations between certain irrational beliefs and hardiness might provide important leads as to which dysfunctional cognitions one might need to modify in order to facilitate the development of hardiness and transformational coping skills. It was also considered that the present research findings might provide more specific information about the content of cognitions involved in transformational and regressive coping. A sample of 177 Fort Hays State University students (75 males; 102 females), aged 17 to 56, responded to self-report questionnaires that included a measure of hardiness (Personal Views Survey; Kobasa, 1986), scales from the COPE inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989b) that were used to measure transformational and regressive coping, and the Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1977). The results of the study provided varying degrees of support for all hypotheses and subhypotheses. Overall, composite hardiness was positively related to transformational coping, but was negatively related to both regressive coping and irrational beliefs. Transformational coping was found to be negatively related to the overall (full scale) endorsement of irrational beliefs and to the following five irrational belief scales, demand for approval, anxious overconcern, emotional irresponsibility, problem avoidance, and helplessness. Regressive coping was positively associated with overall endorsement of irrational beliefs and to the following seven irrational belief scales: demand for approval, high self-expectations, frustration reactive, emotional irresponsibility, anxious overconcern, problem avoidance, and helplessness. The high self-expectations and helplessness irrational belief scales were not only strongly related to composite hardiness, but were strongly related to each of the three hardiness components as well (Qs < . 001). It was considered that replication of these findings with persons interested in increasing hardiness would suggest that it might be productive to consider modification of these two beliefs as targets for hardiness intervention. Finally, evidence was obtained for the construct validity and internal reliability of the COPE scales as measures of transformational and regressive coping. It was suggested that it might be useful to continue to study COPE items as a way of measuring transformational and regressive coping.
Scheduling, Achievement, and Middle School Principal's Concerns
Authors:   , Mathes Michael
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate different types of schedules, state assessment scores, and Principal's concerns. The independent variables investigated were type of schedule, percentage of students on free and reduced lunch, district per pupil expenditure for 1996-97, and building enrollment levels. The dependent variables were Kansas seventh grade State assessment Math Power score, Kansas seventh grade State Assessment Reading Index score, and Principal's Concerns score. The sample consisted of 47 Kansas middle or junior high schools which transfer to 5A or 6A high schools as classified by the Kansas State High School Activities Association. Eight composite null hypotheses were tested using three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 39 comparisons were made with 42 recurring. Of the 39 comparisons 12 were for main effects and 27 were for interactions. Of the 12 main effects 1 was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The statistically significant main effect was for the independent variable percentage of students on free and reduced lunch and the dependent variable mathematics. The results for main effects indicated school districts with 0%-25% of students receiving free and reduced lunch had a statistically higher mean mathematics score than districts with over 50% of students receiving free and reduced lunch. None of the 27 interactions was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. School districts which had 0%-25% of their student body on free and reduced lunches have higher achievement in mathematics than schools which have over 50% of their student body on free and reduced lunch. 2. Percentage of student population on free and reduced lunch is not associated with achievement in reading. 3. Percentage of students on free and reduced lunch is not associated with principal's concerns. 4. Type of schedule is not associated with achievement in mathematics. 5. Type of schedule is not associated with achievement in reading. 6. Type of schedule is not associated with principal's concerns. 7. Building enrollment is not associated with achievement in mathematics. 8. Building enrollment is not associated with achievement in reading. 9. Building enrollment is not associated with Principal's concerns. 10. District per pupil expenditure is not associated with achievement in mathematics. 11. District per pupil expenditure is not associated with achievement in reading. 12. District per pupil expenditure is not associated with principal's concerns.
A Study to Determine the Need for a Work-Study Program in the Hays, Kansas Senior High School
Authors:   , Cottingham Darrell
Published: February 2023

This study is concerned with the need for broadening the educational curriculum in the Hays, Kansas, Senior High School to include a work-study program for those students who will not be attending a post-high school educational institution upon graduation from high-school.