bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembrolizumab in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: clinical trial evidence and experience
Authors: Crist Michael , Iyer Gopa , Hsu Miles , Huang William C. , Balar Arjun V.
Published: April 2019

The treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) has dramatically changed with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors that disrupt the T-cell inhibitory interaction between the programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-L1). Pembrolizumab, a highly specific, monoclonal antibody directed against PD-1, has demonstrated clinical efficacy as well as a favorable toxicity profile, and has emerged as a new standard of care in the treatment of advanced UC. This review will summarize clinical efficacy from recent trials that led to the approval of pembrolizumab in treating platinum-refractory advanced UC as well as treating patients who are ineligible for first-line cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. While immune checkpoint inhibition has reinvigorated the treatment landscape of advanced UC and generated a great deal of optimism, only a minority of patients benefit. Combination strategies with the goal of increasing response rates are desperately needed as are biomarkers predictive of response.
Arts for the Blues – a new creative psychological therapy for depression: a pilot workshop report
Authors: Haslam S , Parsons A , Omylinska-Thurston J , Nair K , Harlow J , Lewis J , Thurston S , Griffin J , Dubrow-Marshall L , Karkou V
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Research over the last decade has identified both strengths and limitations in the use of routinely prescribed psychological therapies for depression. More recently, a focus on how creative art therapies and ‘arts on prescription’ are developing a growing recognition of their potential additional therapeutic mechanisms for depression.

Aim:

In an attempt to develop a new therapeutic intervention for depression, this research aligned both the evidence base surrounding the arts on prescription movement, collating these with client-reported helpful factors and preferences for therapeutic interventions.

Methods:

We developed a framework for a new pluralistic ‘meta-approach’ of therapy for depression, based on; an interdisciplinary thematic synthesis of active ingredients, considered specific features implemented in therapy, and client-reported helpful factors considered to be the broad features or experiences in therapy from both talking therapies and creative approaches. This framework contributed to the development of a pilot workshop entitled Arts for the Blues – A New Creative Psychological Therapy for Depression. An outline of, and evaluation from this workshop is presented in this article. Workshop participants were recruited via a voluntary workshop taking place at a North West Higher Education Institution Arts and Health conference ( N = 15).

Results:

The workshop was evaluated using quantitative measures, with results indicating around a 70% overall satisfaction, followed up with qualitative commentary around areas of good practice and areas for development. These included the positive reflection on the application of creative arts and the multimodal nature of the approach, while others reflected on the potential overwhelming nature of utilising multimodal methods for individuals with depression.

Conclusion:

Overall feedback from the pilot workshop is discussed in relation to prior research, giving credence to the potential for incorporating arts into therapy.
Regional Fiscal Competition and Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure: Provincial-Level Evidence From China
Authors: Chen Hong Tao , Han Wei , An Mao Lin
Published: April 2019

The race to the bottom theory of environmental regulation mainly refers to state or local governments competing to lower their environmental regulation standards in pursuit of their own interests. Since the reform of the Chinese tax distribution system in 1994, local governments have encouraged economic competition through various industrial subsidies and tax preferences. Moreover, in China’s political system, which promotes fiscal decentralization and economic competition, competition has provided local governments with the opportunity to race to the bottom by secretly reducing the environmental regulations of enterprises to obtain financial returns and promote capital. Using the race to the bottom theory of environmental regulation, this article identifies the land revenue data and environmental information disclosure (EID) quality data of listed companies in China from 2012 to 2014 and uses the hierarchical linear model to study the direct and indirect effects of local governments’ financial competition on the EID of listed companies in their jurisdictions. It was found that (a) Regional financial competition does not directly influence the quality of an enterprise’s EID but has a significant negative regulatory effect. (b) The higher the degree of regional competition, the more obvious the negative regulatory effect. (c) The financial competitiveness of tropical and subtropical regions in China is higher than that of other regions, and the EID quality of enterprises in these regions is lower. (d) Governmental financial competition in tropical and subtropical regions regulates the quality of EID of listed companies in their jurisdictions through indirect effects on enterprises with different ownership and profitability; However, with the exception of tropical and subtropical regions, this phenomenon is not significant in other provinces.
Fructose intake in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Goh George Boon-Bee , Shim Hang Hock , Fook-Chong Stephanie Man Chung , Loh Yet Hua , Chow Wan Cheng
Published: April 2019

Background:

Although growing evidence suggests that fructose intake contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fructose intake in NAFLD patients has not been documented locally.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to compare fructose intake between NAFLD patients and controls with chronic hepatitis B, and to ascertain whether fructose intake was associated with the presence of NAFLD.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, case–control study. Thirty-four patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 34 controls with chronic hepatitis B participated in this study between 2012 and 2014 in the Singapore General Hospital outpatient setting. Fructose, energy and nutrient intake were assessed by using food frequency questionnaires.

Results:

NAFLD patients had higher body mass index (28.6±4.0 vs. 22.5±3.9 kg/m2, p<0.001) and waist circumference (100.0±7.9 vs. 80.2±11.7 cm, p<0.001) than controls. Cases reported higher intakes of energy (2378±708 vs. 1796±398 kcal, p<0.001), protein (109±37 vs. 84±25 g, p<0.01), fat (87±33 vs. 62±19 g, p<0.001), total carbohydrate (294±83 vs. 232±63 g, p<0.001) and fructose (42±17 vs. 31±15 g, p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed waist circumference (odds ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.41; p<0.001) and energy intake (odds ratio: 1.002; 95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.004; p<0.05) were significant risk factors for NAFLD.

Conclusions:

Total calorie, macronutrient and fructose intake in NAFLD patients were significantly higher than in controls. Waist circumference and energy intake were significantly associated with NAFLD. Reducing total calorie intake and adopting healthy eating habits should be emphasized to NAFLD patients to manage their clinical conditions.
The Mechanism of the Ordinal Position Effect: Stability Across Sense Modalities and the Hands Crossed Context
Authors: Wang Qiangqiang , Nie Tingting , Zhang Weixia , Shi Wendian
Published: April 2019

The ordinal position effect posits that items positioned earlier in an ordinal sequence are responded to faster with the left key than the right key, and items positioned later in an ordinal sequence are responded to faster with the right key than the left key. Although the mechanism of the ordinal position effect has been investigated in many studies, it is unclear whether the ordinal position effect can extend to the auditory modality and the hands crossed context. Therefore, the present study employed days as the order information to investigate this question. Days were visually or acoustically displayed on a screen in random order, and participants were instructed to judge whether the probe day they perceived was before or after the current day (days-relevant task) or to identify the color or voice of the probe day they perceived (days-irrelevant task). The results indicate the following: (a) The days before the current day were responded to faster with the left key than the right key, and the days after the current day were responded to faster with the right key than the left key, both when the days-relevant task and the days-irrelevant task were performed, regardless of the sense modality. (b) The ordinal position effect for judgments of days was also obtained in the auditory modality even when the hands were crossed. These results indicate that the ordinal position effect can extend to the auditory modality and the hands crossed context, similar to the spatial-numerical association of response codes effect of numbers.
‘I think this medicine actually killed my wife’: patient and family perspectives on shared decision-making to optimize medications and safety
Authors: Mangin Dee , Risdon Cathy , Lamarche Larkin , Langevin Jessica , Ali Abbas , Parascandalo Jenna , Stephen Gaibrie , Trimble Johanna
Published: April 2019

Background:

This study explored the perspectives and experiences from patients and families around how patient/family preferences and priorities are considered in medication-related discussions and decisions within the healthcare system.

Methods:

We conducted a qualitative study using focus groups with residents of Southern Ontario and British Columbia ( N = 16). Three focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured focus group guide. The audiotaped focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis, using inductive coding, was completed.

Results:

A total of three main themes [and several sub-themes (and sub-sub-themes)] emerged from the data: patient and family expertise [ lived experience, information expert, and perceived expert roles (patient/family, healthcare provider)], perceived patient-centredness ( relationship qualities of healthcare provider and assumptions about patients), and system ( time, coordination and communication, and culture). Stories told by participants helped to clarify the relationships between the themes and sub-themes, leading to, what we understand as shared decision-making around medications and subsequent health outcomes.

Conclusions:

Our findings showed that shared decision-making resulted from both recognition and integration of the personal expertise of the patient and family in medications, and perceived patient-centredness. This is broadly consistent with the current conceptualization of evidence-based medicine. The stories told highlight the complex, dynamic, and nonlinear nature of shared decision-making for medications, and that patient priorities are not as integrated into shared decision-making about medications as we would hope. This suggests the need for developing a systematic process to elicit, record, and integrate patient preferences and priorities about medications to create space for a more patient-centred conversation.
The Political Cultures of Forwarding on Chinese Social Media: Lessons From Hong Kong Chief Executive Election
Authors: Zhao Yupei , Lin Zhongxuan
Published: April 2019

This research draws on De Maeyer’s three-level mixed methodological framework and examines how, and to what extent social media users interpret their ideological use of “forwarding” for political participation with explicit and implicit political purposes on social media. It does so by examining the case of the 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. Quantitative content analysis ( N = 22,172) and semi-structured interviews ( N = 150) are combined to examine the rise of a new and distinctly multifactorial political discourse—“forwarding”—as used by both Hong Kong and Mainland China users. In doing so, an attempt is made to explore the premises and consequences of this implicit discourse. This research finds that the interpretation of forwarding is convoluted, but it can be seen to accelerate the much-desired prospect of Chinese social media’s ability, on one hand, to amplify citizens’ political deliberative participation and extend their political influence and, on the other hand, to be representative of the political extremes and to refer to critiques of specific political realities. Thus, this article discusses four dimensions of the political culture of forwarding that perform the function of Chinese-style surrogate democracy: These dimensions are particularly attributable to the statuses and geographical backgrounds of the users of the social media website Weibo.
Exploring the Relationship Between Connectedness With Nature, Environmental Identity, and Environmental Self-Identity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Balundė Audra , Jovarauskaitė Lina , Poškus Mykolas Simas
Published: April 2019

A meta-analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship between connectedness with nature, environmental identity, and environmental self-identity. Through meta-analyzing these relationships, we are able to assess the true estimate of their magnitude. The results revealed a strong correlation between measures of connectedness with nature and environmental identity ( r = .75 [0.67, 0.83], k = 11) as well as environmental self-identity ( r = .57 [.31, .84], k = 5). Further moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between connectedness with nature and environmental identity is different for graphical and questionnaire instruments used for assessing connectedness with nature; the aggregated correlation for graphical instruments ( r = .62 [.56, .67], k = 9) was significantly lower than for questionnaires ( r = .82 [.74, .91], k = 9). We suggest revisiting the various instruments assessing human–nature relatedness to maximize unique variance among them.
What I Did On My Summer Vacation: I Accidentally Conducted a Personal Study of Integrative Care
Authors: Draisin Jeffrey
Published: April 2019

As a physician, I am a regular witness to transformative experience and its aftermath. The source of the experience doesn’t seem to matter—a grave diagnosis, a trek up Mount Everest, a devastating loss. The need to question, to look at essential values, assumptions, and priorities is urgent and compelling. The answers galvanize intention, injecting it with potency. Patients realize they are living in a habitual way and their responses have some universality. They describe a new clarity and sense of self. They’re emboldened. They are more connected to life and to people who love them. Often they have a new sense of meaning and purpose to being alive. In August, I had my own transformative experience. What I did not expect was that my experience would validate for me the integrative approach from the inside out. From my heart.
Depression and Derailment: A Cyclical Model of Mental Illness and Perceived Identity Change
Authors: Ratner Kaylin , Mendle Jane , Burrow Anthony L. , Thoemmes Felix
Published: April 2019

We investigated reciprocity between depressive symptoms and a novel construct called derailment, which indexes perceived changes in identity and self-direction. People who are “derailed” have trouble reconciling how their life course has unfolded over time and, as a result, do not easily identify with their former self. College students ( N = 939) participated in a preregistered, four-wave longitudinal study over one academic year. Depression positively predicted subsequent derailment across all components of the model, suggesting that perceived disruptions in life course may occur in response to elevated depressive symptoms. Contrary to predictions, derailment negatively predicted later depression across most waves, indicating that felt changes in identity and self-direction could buffer against downstream mood deteriorations. Although our findings did not support reciprocity, prospective evidence that perceived instability of identity and self-direction relate to an increase in depressive symptoms positions derailment as a new and potentially important facet of the depressive phenotype.
After-hours elective spine deformity corrective surgery for patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is it safe?
Authors: Chiu Chee Kidd , Chan Chris Yin Wei , Chandren Josephine Rebecca , Ong Jun Yin , Loo Shweh Fern , Hasan Mohd Shahnaz , Kwan Mun Keong
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of after-hours electively planned Posterior Spinal Fusion surgeries for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients with daytime surgeries.

Methods:

This was a retrospective propensity score-matched study using prospectively collected data. Surgeries performed between 08:00 and 16:59 h were labeled as daytime surgeries (group 1) and surgeries performed between 17:00 and 06:00 h were labeled as after-hours surgeries (group 2). The perioperative outcome parameters were average operation time in and out, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, preoperative hemoglobin, postoperative hemoglobin, and total patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) morphine usage. Radiological variables assessed were Lenke subtypes, preoperative Cobb angle, number of fusion levels, number of screws used, postoperative Cobb angle, correction rate, side bending flexibility, side bending correction index, complications rate, and length of hospitalization.

Results:

Average operation time in for daytime group was 11:32 ± 2:33 h versus 18:20 ± 1:05 h in after-hours group. Comparing daytime surgeries with after-hours surgeries, there were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in the operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative pH, bicarbonate, lactate, postoperative hemoglobin, hemoglobin drift, blood transfusion, postoperative Cobb angle, correction rate, side bending flexibility, side bending correction index, length of hospitalization, and complications rate. Total PCA morphine usage was significantly lesser in the after-hours group (18.2 ± 15.3 mg) compared with the daytime group (24.6 ± 16.6 mg; p = 0.042).

Conclusions:

After-hours elective spine deformity corrective surgeries for healthy ambulatory patients with AIS were as safe as when they were done during daytime.
The Sectoral Impact of Monetary Policy Transmission in India: A Panel VAR Approach
Authors: Ghosh Taniya
Published: April 2019

A structural panel vector autoregression (VAR) analysis is done to analyze the impact of monetary policy shock on people associated with various occupations. To understand the efficacy of bank lending channel, it is important to capture the differential occupation-wise effect of interest rate. The article finds that due to a monetary policy shock, the impulse responses capture the movement of loans in theoretically expected direction in most cases. The Granger causality tests successfully establish the long-run relationship between loans and interest rate. Also, the empirical results of good-performing states support the direct link between greater financial penetration and higher economic activity. Monetary policy shock significantly affects the lending behavior in all the sectors, except in agriculture and personal loans sector. The weak link of transmission in these sectors is mainly attributed either to lack of access to formal credit or a preference to informal credit sources over banks.
The influence of stem cell source on transplant outcomes for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Keating Amy K. , Langenhorst Jurgen , Wagner John E. , Page Kristin M. , Veys Paul , Wynn Robert F. , Stefanski Heather , Elfeky Reem , Giller Roger , Mitchell Richard , Milano Filippo , O'Brien Tracey A. , Dahlberg Ann , Delaney Colleen , Kurtzberg Joanne , Verneris Michael R. , Boelens Jaap Jan
Published: April 2019

When hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is necessary for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there remains debate about the best stem cell source. Post-HSCT relapse is a common cause of mortality, and complications such as chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) are debilitating and life-threatening. To compare post-HSCT outcomes of different donor sources, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive transplants performed in several international centers from 2005 to 2015. A total of 317 patients were studied: 19% matched sibling donor (MSD), 23% matched unrelated donor (MUD), 39% umbilical cord blood (UCB), and 19% double UCB (dUCB) recipients. The median age at transplant was 10 years (range, 0.42-21 years), and median follow-up was 4.74 years (range, 4.02-5.39 years). Comparisons were made while controlling for patient, transplant, and disease characteristics. There were no differences in relapse, leukemia-free survival, or nonrelapse mortality. dUCB recipients had inferior survival compared with matched sibling recipients, but all other comparisons showed similar overall survival. Despite the majority of UCB transplants being HLA mismatched, the rates of cGVHD were low, especially compared with the well-matched MUD recipients (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.67; P = .02). The composite measure of cGVHD and leukemia-free survival (cGVHD-LFS), which represents both the quality of life and risk for mortality, was significantly better in the UCB compared with the MUD recipients (HR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1; P = .03). In summary, the use of UCB is an excellent donor choice for pediatric patients with AML when a matched sibling cannot be identified.
Intervention for alcohol use disorders at an HIV care clinic in Harare: a pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Madhombiro Munyaradzi , Dube Bazondlile , Dube Michelle , Zunza Moleen , Chibanda Dixon , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Seedat Soraya
Published: April 2019

Background

Alcohol use in HIV infected patients is associated with risky sexual behaviour, poor adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, treatment failure and increased physiologic harm. The objectives of the study were to pilot the outcome assessments to be used in the trial proper, assess the feasibility of delivery of a brief MI/CBT intervention compared to an WHO mhGAP intervention for problematic alcohol use in PLWH in Zimbabwe, and pilot the effectiveness (on alcohol use, functionality and CD4 count) of these interventions at 3 months in a randomised controlled trial design.

Methods

An intervention for HIV infected patients with problematic alcohol use, developed through adaptation of existing evidence based psychological treatments, was assessed for its feasibility at a tertiary HIV care clinic in Zimbabwe. Registered general nurses, using a manualised protocol, delivered the intervention. Forty patients were recruited and randomised to receive either an MI/CBT intervention or the WHO mhGAP Intervention Guide for AUDs (n = 20 patients per group).

Results

Out of 40 participants enrolled, 31 were successfully followed up for 3 months with a loss to follow-up rate of 23%. There was a statistically significant decrease in AUDIT score over time in both groups (p < 0.001), however no statistically significant group difference with a mean difference of 0.80, standard error of 2.07 andp = 0.70. For the CD4 count, the median and interquartile ranges at baseline for MI/CBT and WHO mhGAP IG groups were 218 (274) and 484 (211.50), respectively. At follow-up, median and interquartile ranges for the CD4 count for MI/CBT and WHO mhGAP IG groups were 390 (280) and 567 (378), respectively, indicative of improvement in immunological parameters in both arms.

Conclusion

The findings from this pilot study suggests that a brief MI/CBT delivered by Registered General Nurses for problematic alcohol use is feasible in this population but will require the implementation of additional measures to improve retention. However, mechanisms to improve retention need special attention.

Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trial Registry, current PACTR201509001211149
Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose (PVA–B/AG) blend hydrogels for removal of deteriorated consolidants from ancient Egyptian wall paintings
Authors: Al-Emam Ehab , Motawea Abdel Ghafour , Janssens Koen , Caen Joost
Published: April 2019

This study concerns the assessment of a new polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose blend hydrogel (PVA–B/AG) tailored for the conservation of ancient Egyptian wall paintings. The increasing problems of deteriorated consolidants affecting ancient wall paintings have attracted the interest of conservation scientists in the last 20 years. The ability of a new blend for removing aged Paraloid® B-72 layers from painted stone and plaster samples has been evaluated. The hydrogel blend was used to expose the aged Paraloid in a controlled manner to six different cleaning system (CS). CS1–CS4 consist of solvents or solvent mixtures; CS5 and CS6 are nanostructured fluids (NSFs). The evaluation of the removal process was carried out by quantitative and qualitative methods, namely, visual examination, 3D microscopy, contact angle and colorimetric measurements and by Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry in reflectance mode. The results showed that the PVA–B/AG blend hydrogel, loaded with specific cleaning systems, was able to remove deteriorated B-72 and allowed to restore the painted surface to a state close to the original one. The PVA–B/AG blend showed good workability, permitting it to be easily cut, shaped, applied and removed. It could also be verified by means of different investigation methods that the blend left no detectable residues. As a final realistic check of the method, the PVA–B/AG hydrogel loaded with the best functioning cleaning system (CS3) was used to remove an aged consolidant layer from an ancient Egyptian wall painting.
Cyclin B2 is required for progression through meiosis in mouse oocytes
Authors: Daldello Enrico Maria , Luong Xuan G. , Yang Cai-Rong , Kuhn Jonathan , Conti Marco
Published: April 2019

Cyclins associate with CDK1 to generate the M-phase-promoting factor (MPF) activity essential for progression through mitosis and meiosis. Although CCNB1 is required for embryo development, previous studies concluded that CCNB2 is dispensable for cell cycle progression. Given our findings of high CcnB2 mRNA translation rates in prophase-arrested oocytes, we have reevaluated the role of this cyclin during meiosis. CcnB2−/- oocytes undergo delayed germinal vesicle breakdown and show defects during metaphase to anaphase transition. This defective maturation is associated with compromised CcnB1 and Mos mRNA translation, delayed spindle assembly, and increased errors in chromosome segregation. Given these defects, a significant percentage of oocytes fail to complete meiosis I because the SAC remains active and APC function is inhibited. In vivo, CCNB2 depletion cause ovulation of immature oocytes, compromised female fecundity, and premature ovarian failure. These findings demonstrate that CCNB2 is required to assemble sufficient pre-MPF for timely meiosis reentry and progression. Although endogenous cyclins cannot compensate, overexpression of CCNB1/2 rescues the meiotic phenotypes, indicating similar molecular properties but divergent modes of regulation of these cyclins.
Stiffness gradients facilitate ovipositor bending and spatial probing control in a parasitic wasp
Authors: Cerkvenik U. , van Leeuwen J.L. , Kovalev A. , Gorb S. N. , Matsumura Y. , Gussekloo S. W. S
Published: April 2019

Many parasitic wasps use slender and steerable ovipositors to lay eggs in hosts hidden in substrates, but it is currently unknown how steering is achieved. The ovipositors generally consist of three longitudinally connected elements, one dorsal and two ventral valves that can slide along each other. For the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, it has been shown that protraction of the ventral valves causes incurving of the ventral valves towards the dorsal one, which results in a change in probing direction. We hypothesise that this shape change is due to differences in bending stiffness along the ovipositor. Alignment of the stiff tip of the dorsal valve with a more flexible ventral S-shaped region situated just behind the tip straightens this S-bend and results in upwards rotation of the ventral tip. We show that the S-shaped region of the ventral valves has a low bending stiffness because it contains soft materials such as resilin. In contrast, the large cross-sectional area of the dorsal valve tip area probably results in a high bending stiffness. Elsewhere, the dorsal valve is less stiff than the ventral valves. Our results support the hypothesis that the interaction between the stiff dorsal valve portion and the more flexible S-shaped region co-determine the configurational tip changes required for steering the ovipositor in any desired direction along curved paths in the substrate. This provides novel insights in the understanding of steering mechanisms of the hymenopteran ovipositor, and for the application in man-made probes.
Metrology, standardization and interchangeability
Authors: Тарасов Станислав , Tarasov Stanislav , Любомудров Сергей , Lyubomudrov Sergey , Макарова Татьяна , Makarova Tat'yana , Петров Антон , Petrov Anton , Плавник Светлана , Plavnik Svetlana , Смирнов Александр , Smirnov Aleksandr
Published: April 2019

The textbook contains information on the basics of metrology, standardization, interchangeability of smooth joints, bearings, threaded joints and gears; calculation of dimensional chains, roughness, shape tolerances, orientation, location and runout, methods for measuring and estimating the geometrical characteristics of parts Corresponds to the direction of the requirements of the GSE HPE of the last generation for the preparation of bachelors.
For students of machine-building universities studying disciplines "Metrology, standardization and interchangeability", "Standardization of precision in mechanical engineering", "Technology of mechanical engineering", "Metalworking machines and complexes", engineers of machine-building specialties.
A Comparison of Approaches to Advertising Measurement: Evidence from Big Field Experiments at Facebook
Authors: Gordon Brett R. , Zettelmeyer Florian , Bhargava Neha , Chapsky Dan
Published: April 2019

Observational methods often fail to accurately recover the treatment effects generated from randomized advertising experiments on Facebook.
Changes in 6-minute walk test distance and heart rate walking speed index following a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme
Authors: Grove Tim , Jones Jennifer , Connolly Susan
Published: April 2019

Background/Aim

To employ a more robust evaluation using the heart rate walking speed index to determine if the improvement in the 6-minute walk test distance is related to a true physiological adaptation following a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme.

Methods

In total, 39 patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease or with established vascular disease were evaluated. Patients attended supervised circuit training sessions for up to 12 weeks and they were encouraged to take part in a home exercise programme 2–3 times per week.

Findings

Following a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme, there was a 40-metre + interquartile range 0–70 metres improvement in the 6-minute walk test distance (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.8–50 P=<0.001) with a subsequent reduction in the heart rate walking speed index (−2.7 + interquartile range −0.59 to 0 95% CI −0.4–0.8 P<0.001). There was a non-significant change in peak heart rate (–0.4 beats per minute 95% CI −1.8–2.6 P=0.69) and rating of perceived exertion (95% CI 0–1 P=0.4) between baseline and end-of-programme assessments.

Conclusions

Heart rate walking speed index provides transparency on the physiological adaptations following a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme. Patients increased their 6-minute walk test distance by 40 metres and decreased their heart rate walking speed index by 2.7, which translates into a saving of three heart beats for every 100 metres walked or 45 heart beats for every mile walked.
Management of cardiogenic shock in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Rathod Krishnaraj S , Sirker Alexander , Baumbach Andreas , Mathur Anthony , Jones Daniel A
Published: April 2019

Cardiogenic shock remains a major problem affecting a large proportion of patients with acute coronary syndromes, with a persistent high mortality rate. Although mechanical reperfusion with percutaneous coronary intervention has improved outcomes following acute coronary syndromes, there is limited evidence supporting the other current treatments used to manage patients with cardiogenic shock (intra-aortic balloon pumps, percutaneous left ventricular assist devices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). This article looks at these options, assessing current evidence and recent advances. It also discusses areas that still require research to ensure there is improvement in these high-risk patients, such as coordinated regionalised approaches to cardiogenic shock management with multidisciplinary care provided in designated tertiary shock centres.
Five ways to help your school's young carers
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky
Published: April 2019

There will be young carers in your school and statistics show that they are more often absent and achieve worse exam results than their peers. Dr Pooky Knightsmith advises
Transgender Students
Authors: Foran Kaley
Published: April 2019

Schools have a number of responsibilities towards transgender pupils. Kaley Foran explains and offers some practical pointers for how support can be provided
Effects of Plant Ingredients on Physicochemical Properties of Extruded Fish Feed
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Maung The-Thiri , Jin Tie , Yoo Jin-Hyung , Kim Mi-Hwan , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different soy protein concentrate (0, 15, 30, and 45%), defatted soy flour (0, 10, 20, and 30%), and wheat flour (10, 20, and 30%) contents replacing fish meal on physiochemical properties of extruded aquatic feed by using a twin screw extruder. The moisture content, barrel temperature, die diameter, and screw speed were adjusted to 45%, 137oC, 4 mm, and 250 rpm, respectively. With the higher amount of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal, the expansion ratio, swelling ratio, and water stability increased significantly while specific length and water holding capacity decreased significantly. With the increasing defatted soy flour content, expansion ratio increased significantly, but specific length, water holding capacity and water stability decreased significantly. With increase in the wheat flour content, the specific length significantly decreased while the water stability significantly increased. In conclusion, aquatic feed quality was optimized in this study and could be used in the future.
Study on the Management of Mix Proportioning for the Military Hardtack by Nutritional Components Analysis
Authors: Lee Donghun , Jeong Minhong , Byun Ji Eun , Lee Kwang-Geun
Published: April 2019

In this study, the nutritional components (moisture, fat, protein, ash) value of military hardtack was collected and analyzed to control the mixing ratio of rice and flour. Hardtack from 4 factories was analyzed by 3 testing organizations certified by the Korean Ministry Food and Drug Safety. In addition, the accuracy and collaborative study possibility of each organization were evaluated in Q-test and HorRat. Also, other hardtack groups with different mixing ratios were compared to quality control of hardtack by I-MR charts. As a result, the HorRat and Q-test values of test organizations were 0.5-6.2 and 0.08-0.91, respectively. The quality of hardtack by the factories was similar. However, for accurate management of the mixing ratio, suggesting both upper and lower limit requirements of the nutritional components is necessary.
Sensory Characteristics of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Isolated Soy Protein by Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Kim Jinseon , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the sensory characteristics and protein concentration of enzymatically hydrolyzed isolated soy protein. As a result of QDA, 34 attribute descriptors were developed. According to the results of the flavor profile, the strengths of most color and tastes except sourness were evaluated before activated carbon treatment sample. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to summarize the relationship between attributes and samples. The result of PCA was 56.35% (F1) and 35.05% (F2), having explained 94.13% in total variablility. In case of the untreated sample of active carbon, it was located in the first quadrant and correlated with color, flavor, a slightly salty taste, and a slightly bitter taste. It also showed high correlation with meju taste. The activated carbon treatment samples were located in the second quadrant and correlated with delicate taste, slight saltiness, sourness, and umami, having high correlation with burned rice.
Effect of Blanching Condition on the Physicochemical Properties of Burdock, Lotus Root, and Garlic Scape
Authors: Hwang Su-In , Yun Young Chan , Lee Eun-Jung , Hong Geun-Pyo
Published: April 2019

This study investigated the effects of blanching conditions on the quality characteristics of burdock, lotus root, and garlic scape. The selected plants were blanched at varying temperatures (70-100°C) for 1-5 min, and moisture content, shear force, color, and total microbial count were analyzed. Burdock exhibited browning discoloration when it was blanched at a relatively low temperature (70-80°C). In addition, thermal tenderization of burdock was not evident in the blanching conditions adopted in this study. Blanching affected the tenderness and moisture content of lotus root without deteriorative discoloration. In particular, low temperature blanching (80°C) was favorable to blanching lotus root. Alternately, thermal tenderization of garlic scape was possible by blanching at 80-100°C for 3-5 min, while discoloration of the blanched garlic scape dominated at high-temperature blanching (100°C). Consequently, the result indicated that low temperature for a long time (80°C and 3-5 min) provided a better blanching condition for lotus root and garlic scape than high temperature applied at a short time (100°C and 1-3 min).
Ia zero energia kontsumitzen duten eraikinen ezagutza zientifikoaren analisia
Authors: Alvarez Meaza Izaskun , Zarrabeitia Bilbao Enara , Martinez de Alegria Mancisidor Itziar , Aranburu Jasone
Published: April 2019

Eraikuntza-sektorearen energia-kontsumoa jaistera bideratutako ahaleginek energia balantzea ia zero energia kontsumitzen duten eraikinen (Nearly Zero Energy Buildings, NZEB) kontzeptuaren garapena ekarri dute Europar Batasunean. Lan honen helburuak dira, batetik, ia zero energia kontsumitzen duten eraikinen inguruko ezagutza zientifikoaren joeraren ikuspegi orokorra eskuratzea, eta, bestetik, Passivhaus etxebizitzen ezaugarri energetikoak definitzen dituzten parametroen arteko erlazioek jarraitzen dituzten ereduak edo patroiak aztertzea. Web of Science (WoS) datu-basea erabiliz, zientziaren ikerketa-esparrua garatu eta bistaratu da, eta analizatu dira argitalpen urteak, herrialde, aldizkari eta erakunde garrantzitsuenak, gehien aipatu diren artikuluak eta teknologia-jardueren bideak. Emaitza orokorrek adierazten dute ia zero energia kontsumitzen duten eraikinen filosofia aditasun handia ari dela eskuratzen zientziaren arloan. Ikerketa-lanak nagusiki Europan bildu dira, bai eta artikulu gehien argitaratzen dituzten erakundeak ere.
Elsőéves egyetemi hallgatók szövegértés-fejlettsége és olvasási attitűdjei
Authors: Hódi Ágnes , Tóth Edit
Published: April 2019

A felsőoktatási lemorzsolódás csökkentésében jelentős szerepe lehet egy olyan támogató rendszer kialakításának, amely objektív képet ad a hallgatók előzetes tudásáról, képességeiről, valamint igazodik azok aktuális fejlettségi szintjéhez. A Szegedi Tudományegyetemen egy átfogó projekt keretében a hallgatói lemorzsolódás kezelésére alkalmas szolgáltatások kifejlesztésének első pilléreként kidolgoztak egy olyan online értékelési rendszert, amely segítségével meghatározható, hogy a hallgatók a tanulási sikeresség szempontjából meghatározó jelentőségű területeken milyen induló képességszinttel kezdik meg egyetemi tanulmányaikat, melyek azok a területek, ahol a lemorzsolódás csökkentése és az egyetemi tanulmányok hatékonyságának növelése érdekében további fejlesztésre szorulnak (Molnár és Csapó, 2019). A tanulás és fejlődés, iskolai és társadalmi boldogulás szempontjából kulcsfontosságú készség a szövegértés, ezért e terület mérése 2015-től, a projekt kezdetétől minden szeptemberben megvalósul. Jelen tanulmány célja a felsőfokú tanulmányaikat 2017-ben megkezdő hallgatók (N=1351) szövegértés és olvasási attitűd eredményeinek bemutatása néhány háttérváltozó tükrében. Adataink alapján kevés hallgató teljesítménye esett az átlagnál egy szórásnyival gyengébb tartományba, így feltételezhetően csekély a valószínűsége, hogy szövegértési nehézségek fogják a vizsgálatban részt vevők lemorzsolódását okozni. Figyelemre méltó, hogy bár esetenként az elemzések mind a szövegformák, mind a nem tekintetében igazoltak szignifikáns különbségeket, mértékük elhanyagolható, ezek vonatkozásában pedagógiai intervenció, odafigyelés nem látszik szükségesnek. Adataink nem csak arra engednek következtetni, hogy a vizsgált populáció túlnyomó része rendelkezik az egyetemi tanulmányokhoz szükséges szövegértési képességgel, de azt is igazolják, hogy az elsőéves hallgatók pozitív attitűddel rendelkeznek az olvasás iránt, s akiknek a szövegértése jobb, az olvasási attitűdje is pozitívabb, mint azoknak, akiknek a teljesítménye gyengébb.
The Study on Dual Fuel Spray and Characteristics of Combustion of Diesel, Natural Gas and Dual Fuel
Authors: Tasneem Abdalla Tasneem Abdalla , Tasneem Abdalla Tasneem Abdalla , Wang Qian , Wang Qian , Xiaoqiang Tan , Xiaoqiang Tan
Published: April 2019

Combustion of fossil fuels provides around 88% of total energy supply for modern society, and meanwhile causes many environ mental problems and social problems such as air pollution and energy crisis. Therefore，both at home and abroad are focusing on the research and development of natural gas engine recently. However, the mass production and application of this kind of engine are restricted by some unsolved technical difficulties. This paper explored the injection, combustion and emission processes of diesel/ natural gas and dual fuel engine based on Chemkin II, Fire software and Schlieren method. The experimental study on the mixing process of dual fuel jet was carried out by using high-speed Schlieren method in a constant volume bomb. Based on the Fire software, and then applied to Chemkin II software to analyze the effect of the initial temperature and pressure on the net heat production and combustion emissions. The results show that Dual fuel mechanism is capable of producing different heat production behaviors when varying the initial pressure and temperature CO2 emissions are minimized by changing the initial pressure above or below the atmospheric value. However, CO emissions are peaked when diesel fuel is used. The dual fuel engine minimizes the CO emissions amount caused by diesel fuel. Increasing the initial pressure eliminates dual fuel CO2 combustion emissions. The research of this paper is important to optimize the in cylinder combustion processes of natural gas engine, and have a certain important meaning to guide the development of diesel ignition dual fuel engine.
Morphofunctional characteristics and immunological regulation of the orbital fibroblasts function in endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Taskina Elizaveta S. , Kharintseva Svetlana V.
Published: April 2019

Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) is a chronic disease characterized by progressive autoimmune inflammation of the soft retrobulbar tissues in thyroid dysfunction. The orbital fibroblasts with their unique morphofunctional properties are very important in the pathogenesis of the infiltrative process and fibrosis of the extraocular muscles and/or retrobulbar tissue. They, unlike other localization fibroblasts, have not mesodermal, but neuro-ectodermal origin. The review acquaints with the immunological aspects of the regulation of these cells in different activity phases of disease. Intercellular interaction with T-lymphocytes (CD40-CD154) leads to orbital fibroblasts activation with increased expression of pathological receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as production of intercellular matrix components, adhesion molecules, growth factors, cytokines and prostaglandins. Detailed morphofunctional characteristics of the orbit fibroblast subpopulations and mechanisms regulating their transdifferentiation into adipocytes and myofibroblasts are given. The analysis of literature data on the effect of T-helper type 17 on the functional activity of Thy1+/Thy1- (CD90+/CD90-) orbital fibroblasts is presented. The importance of the further study of the orbital fibroblasts characteristics in EOP and their intercellular interaction with various immune cells was noted, which may be able to uncover new pathogenetic mechanisms of this pathology.
Meine Zeit. Unsere Zeit. Äußere Zeit. Zeitlichkeit und Paarzeit in Nicht-Präsenz-Paarbeziehungen
Authors: Döbler Marie-Kristin
Published: April 2019

Marie-Kristin Döbler widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag Zeit und Zeitlichkeit in Paarbeziehungen. Sie fragt danach, wie über Bewusstsein und Wahrnehmung, Organisation und Planung, Aushandlung oder verbale, narrative Markierungen Paare »Paarzeit« hervorbringen, für den Paarerhalt nötige Kontinuität und die Synchronisation der Partner*innen erzeugen, welche Rolle (Nicht-)Präsenz dabei spielt und welches Potential dieser Forschungsgegenstand für die Zeitforschung hat: Zeit wird angesichts von Nicht-Präsenz aus der Latenz gehoben, potentiell thematisch, reflexiv und diskursiv. Dadurch kann aus analytischer Perspektive ein besserer Zugriff auf ein sonst fluides und nicht-greifbares Phänomen gewonnen werden, so dass bspw. vier Ebenen zu unterscheiden sind: individuelle Eigen-, gemeinsame Paar- und dem Paar äußerliche Sozial- und Pflichtzeit. Zusammen mit je kurzen Ausführungen zu Zeitlichkeit und Präsenz werden diese im ersten Teil des Beitrags dargestellt. Der zweite Teil wird sich dann aus einer empirischen Perspektive den spezifischen Zeitlichkeiten widmen, die sich bei den untersuchten Paaren finden lassen. Im Fokus stehen dabei zeitliche Befristungen sowie das Oszillieren zwischen verschiedenen Präsenzformen und Zeitebenen. Ebenso werden deren jeweilige Folgen und die Strategien der Paare zu deren Bearbeitung diskutiert.
Rahmenbedingungen gelingender inklusiver Kultureller Bildung im außerschulischen und innerschulischen Bereich
Authors: Braun Elisabeth
Published: April 2019

Elisabeth Braun entwickelt in ihrem Beitrag anhand struktureller Aspekte wie Örtlichkeiten, Zeitstrukturen und inhaltlich-methodischer Aspekte markanter Beispiele die grundlegenden Rahmenbedingungen gelingender inklusiver kulturell-künstlerischer Praxis. Dabei zeigen die Beispiele mögliche unmittelbare Stolpersteine, aber auch Synergieeffekte im Spannungsfeld zwischen schulischen und außerschulischen Gegebenheiten im kulturellen Bereich auf. In dieser Hinsicht zeigt sich auch die wichtige Rolle, die der persönliche Einsatz einzelner Personen für eine gelingende Kulturarbeit spielt.