bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ischemia‐enhanced myocardial infarction protection‐related lncRNA protects against acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Rongzhou , Wu Tingting , Wang Qiaoyu , Shi Youyang , Dong Qianqian , Rong Xing , Chen Meiting , He Zhiyu , Fu Yu , Liu Lei , Shao Shuai , Guan Xueqiang , Zhang Chunxiang
Published: July 2024

Long non‐coding RNA RP11‐64B16.4 (myocardialinfarctionprotection‐relatedlncRNA [MIPRL]) is among the most abundant and the most upregulated lncRNAs in ischemic human hearts. However, its role in ischemic heart disease is unknown. We found MIPRL was conserved between human and mouse and its expression was increased in mouse hearts after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in cultured human and mouse cardiomyocytes after hypoxia. The infarcted size, cardiac cell apoptosis, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiac fibrosis were aggravated in MIPRL knockout mice after AMI. The above adverse results could be reversed by re‐expression of MIPRL via adenovirus expressing MIPRL. Both in vitro and in vivo, we identified that heat shock protein beta‐8 (HSPB8) was a target gene of MIPRL, which was involved in MIPRL‐mediated anti‐apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes. We further discovered that MIPRL could combine with the messenger RNA (mRNA) of HSPB8 and increase its expression in cardiomyocytes by enhancing the stability of HSPB8 mRNA. In summary, we have found for the first time that the ischemia‐enhanced lncRNA MIPRL protects against AMI via its target gene HSPB8. MIPRL might be a novel promising therapeutic target for ischemic heart diseases such as AMI.
Unraveling dynamic immunological landscapes in intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from single‐cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling
Authors: Gu Lingui , Chen Hualin , Sun Mingjiang , Chen Yihao , Shi Qinglei , Chang Jianbo , Wei Junji , Ma Wenbin , Bao Xinjie , Wang Renzhi
Published: July 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a formidable challenge in stroke management, with limited therapeutic options, particularly in the realm of immune‐targeted interventions. Clinical trials targeting immune responses post‐ICH have encountered setbacks, potentially attributable to the substantial cellular heterogeneity and intricate intercellular networks within the brain. Here, we present a pioneering investigation utilizing single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome profiling at hyperacute (1 h), acute (24 h), and subacute (7 days) intervals post‐ICH, aimed at unraveling the dynamic immunological landscape and spatial distributions within the cerebral tissue. Our comprehensive analysis revealed distinct cell differentiation patterns among myeloid and lymphocyte populations, along with delineated spatial distributions across various brain regions. Notably, we identified a subset of lymphocytes characterized by the expression of Spp1 and Lyz2, termed macrophage‐associated lymphocytes, which exhibited close interactions with myeloid cells. Specifically, we observed prominent interactions between Lgmn+Macro‐T cells and microglia through the spp1–cd44 pathway during the acute phase post‐ICH in the choroid plexus. These findings represent a significant advancement in our understanding of immune cell dynamics at single‐cell resolution across distinct post‐ICH time points, thereby laying the groundwork for exploring critical temporal windows and informing the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Identification of an alternative ligand‐binding pocket in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and its correlated selective agonist for promoting beige adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Tian Qiang , Wang Miaohua , Wang Xueting , Lei Zhenli , Ahmad Owais , Chen Dianhua , Zheng Wei , Shen Pingping , Yang Nanfei
Published: July 2024

The pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a convenient and promising strategy for promoting beige adipocyte biogenesis to combat obesity‐related metabolic disorders. However, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), the full agonists of PPARγ exhibit severe side effects in animal models and in clinical settings. Therefore, the development of efficient and safe PPARγ modulators for the treatment of metabolic diseases is emerging. In this study, using comprehensive methods, we report a previously unidentified ligand‐binding pocket (LBP) in PPARγ and link it to beige adipocyte differentiation. Further virtual screening of 4097 natural compounds based on this novel LBP revealed that saikosaponin A (NJT‐2), a terpenoid compound, can bind to PPARγ to induce coactivator recruitment and effectively activate PPARγ‐mediated transcription of the beige adipocyte program. In a mouse model, NJT‐2 administration efficiently promoted beige adipocyte biogenesis and improved obesity‐associated metabolic dysfunction, with significantly fewer adverse effects than those observed with TZD. Our results not only provide an advanced molecular insight into the structural ligand‐binding details in PPARγ, but also develop a linked selective and safe agonist for obesity treatment.
Investigating the Brain Mechanisms of Externally Cued Sit‐to‐Stand Movement in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mustile Magda , Kourtis Dimitrios , Ladouce Simon , Edwards Martin G. , Volpe Daniele , Pilleri Manuela , Pelosin Elisa , Donaldson David I. , Ietswaart Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Background

One of the more challenging daily‐life actions for Parkinson's disease patients is starting to stand from a sitting position. Parkinson's disease patients are known to have difficulty with self‐initiated movements and benefit from external cues. However, the brain processes underlying external cueing as an aid remain unknown. The advent of mobile electroencephalography (EEG) now enables the investigation of these processes in dynamic sit‐to‐stand movements.

Objective

To identify cortical correlates of the mechanisms underlying auditory cued sit‐to‐stand movement in Parkinson's disease.

Methods

Twenty‐two Parkinson's disease patients and 24 healthy age‐matched participants performed self‐initiated and externally cued sit‐to‐stand movements while cortical activity was recorded through 32‐channel mobile EEG.

Results

Overall impaired integration of sensory and motor information can be seen in the Parkinson's disease patients exhibiting less modulation in the θ band during movement compared to healthy age‐matched controls. How Parkinson's disease patients use external cueing of sit‐to‐stand movements can be seen in larger high β power over sensorimotor brain areas compared to healthy controls, signaling sensory integration supporting the maintenance of motor output. This appears to require changes in cognitive processing to update the motor plan, reflected in frontal θ power increases in Parkinson's disease patients when cued.

Conclusion

These findings provide the first neural evidence for why and how cueing improves motor function in sit‐to‐stand movement in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson's disease patients' neural correlates indicate that cueing induces greater activation of motor cortical areas supporting the maintenance of a more stable motor output, but involves the use of cognitive resources to update the motor plan. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Universal mental health curricula in public schools: Integrating mental health into physical education
Authors: Oh Hans , Formigoni Marco
Published: July 2024

Mental health problems are ubiquitous, yet public schooling lacks comprehensive mental health curricula. The purpose of public education, in part, is to prepare people to face life and contribute to society. In the same vein as physical education (PE), we argue that a universal mental health curriculum could benefit the entire population. Schools across the globe, including in the United States, are beginning to explore universal mental health curricula, which could yield benefits that reach beyond mental health and wellness, to improve physical health, reduce behavioral problems, and increase academic performance. But the road ahead is marked with considerable economic and political barriers. We argue for incorporating mental health into the PE curriculum to gain traction toward a more comprehensive mental health curriculum.
The impact of psychosis symptoms and psychosocial factors on symptoms of depression among individuals in an early phase of psychosis illness
Authors: Holzworth Joshua , Brdar Nicholas M. , Bornheimer Lindsay A.
Published: July 2024

Depressive symptoms are common among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, yet few studies have examined how various psychosocial factors and psychosis symptoms relate to depression in an early phase of psychosis illness. A greater understanding regarding the connection between psychosis symptoms and depressive symptoms is needed to inform assessment and intervention efforts in this population. The current study examined the relationships between psychosocial factors (distress, peer rejection, emotional support, perceived hostility), psychosis symptoms (positive, negative, general), and depression among individuals in an early phase of psychosis illness. Data were obtained from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis including 167 individuals between the ages of 16 and 35 at the time of consent who met criteria for having onset of affective or nonaffective psychosis within 5 years. Clinical assessments and questionnaires were administered, and data were analyzed in SPSS and MPlus. Peer rejection (p < 0.05), distress (p < 0.001), perceived hostility (p < 0.05), and general symptoms of psychosis (p < 0.001) significantly related to depression. Bivariate associations existed between all psychosocial factors and psychosis symptoms with the exception of negative symptoms. Understanding symptoms and factors that associate with depression among individuals with psychosis in an early phase of illness can inform tailored intervention approaches of clinicians to focus on distress, peer rejection, perceived hostility, and general psychosis symptoms.
A rotating beam‐blocker method for cone beam CT scatter correction
Authors: Cui Hehe , Zhan Haolin , Yuan Xiaogang , Yang Yidong
Published: July 2024

Background

Cone beam CT (CBCT) is widely utilized in clinics. However, the scatter artifact degrades the CBCT image quality, hampering the expansion of CBCT applications. Recently, beam‐blocker methods have been used for CBCT scatter correction and proved their high cost‐effectiveness.

Purpose

A rotating beam‐blocker (RBB) method for CBCT scatter correction was proposed to complete scatter correction and image reconstruction within a single scan in both full‐ and half‐fan scan scenarios.

Methods

The RBB consisted of two open regions and two blocked regions, and was designed as a centrosymmetric structure. The open and blocked projections could be alternatively obtained within one single rotation. The open projections were corrected with the scatter signal calculated from the blocked projections, and then used to reconstruct the 3D image via the Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress algorithm. The performance of the RBB method was evaluated on head and pelvis phantoms in scenarios with and without a bowtie filter. The images obtained from nine repeated scans in each scenario were used to calculate the evaluation metrics including the CT number error, spatial nonuniformity (SNU) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR).

Results

For the head phantom, the CT number error was decreased to <5 after scatter correction from >200 HU before correction when scanned without a bowtie filter, and to <4 from >160 HU when scanned with a full bowtie filter. For the pelvis phantom, the CT number error was reduced to <12 after scatter correction from >250 HU before correction when scanned without a bowtie filter, and to <10 from >190 HU when scanned with a half bowtie filter. After scatter correction, the uniformity and contrast were both improved, resulting in an SNU of >79% decrease and CNR of >2 times increase, respectively.

Conclusions

High‐quality CBCT images could be obtained in a single scan after using the proposed RBB method for scatter correction, enabling more accurate image guidance for surgery and radiation therapy applications. With almost no time delay between the successive open and blocked projections, the RBB method could eliminate the motion‐induced anatomical mismatches between the corresponding open and blocked projections and could find particular usefulness in thoracic and abdominal imaging.
Thermorheological complexity in Nylon12‐Cork composites: Role of interfacial compatibilizer
Authors: Alghamdi Saad Saleh , Balu Rajkamal , John Sabu , Choudhury Namita Roy , Dutta Naba K.
Published: July 2024

Herein, we demonstrate how compatibilizers affect the thermorheological properties and morphology of engineering thermoplastic composites based on nylon and cork. Nylon12 was melt‐mixed with cork treated with four distinct compatibilizers with radically different chemical structures and compositions, respectively: (i) Octadecanamide (ODA), (ii) polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA), (iii) polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA), and (iv) (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS). The rheological behavior was assessed using an oscillatory rheometer and the morphology was visualized using a scanning electron microscope. The rheological data were thoroughly analyzed using different formalisms based on empirical, phenomenological, and molecular origin, including the Carreau‐model, time–temperature superposition (TTS), Han plot, and van Gurp–Palmen (vGP) plot. It is observed that rheological data of neat nylon can be treated as themorheologically simple. However, the inclusion of cork makes the composite thermorheologically complex and increases the relaxation time (τ) by >50‐fold when compared to the neat polymer. As compatibilizers, ODA and PP‐g‐MA significantly lower τ, improve internal flow behavior, and demonstrate good cork distribution and dispersion. However, PE‐g‐MA does not affect the τ of composites significantly. The application of APTS as a compatibilizer enhances the interfacial interaction between Nylon12 and cork most significantly, which leads to a notable rise in τ, and the composite's elastic modulus surges by two orders in magnitude compared to neat Nylon. Additionally, the polymer melt flow becomes elastically dominant. Finally, it is observed that the Han plot offers a better insight into the correlation between changes in the thermorheological behavior and the microstructural modifications to the composites.

Highlights

Utilizing cork particles as a sustainable raw material for engineering thermoplastics.

Quantifying compatibilizer's impact on rheological properties of polymer composite.

Illustrating how interfacial interaction affects thermorheological complexity in composites.

Visualizing morphological change in nylon‐cork composite with interfacial interaction.

Producing lightweight engineering polymer composites using cork as a filler.
Reliability modeling to predict in‐service weatherability of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings: Approach, comparison and validation
Authors: Chatterjee Upashana , Patra Shantanu , Butola Bhupendra S. , Joshi Mangala
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the challenge of comparing in‐service weatherability among newly developed coatings. The study aims to compare the durability of three thermoplastic polyurethane‐based coatings specifically formulated for defense inflatables. It introduces a reliability model that incorporates two weathering stresses, namely, ultra‐violet radiation and temperature, to predict the service life of the coatings. A life–stress relationship has been established from the accelerated aging tests, which facilitates the determination of material service life at use level conditions. Notably, the analysis underscores the significant improvement in service lifetime achieved with nanocomposite‐based coatings. The validity of the proposed model is established through comparison with real‐world field test data, emphasizing the effectiveness of the approach in assessing and comparing the performance of the three coated samples. The insights gained from this research will surely contribute to enhancing the durability assessment of coated systems in real‐world conditions for various fields of applications.

Highlights

Introduces a unique method to compare weatherability of three polyurethane coatings.

Reliability model predicts service life under UV and temperature stresses.

Life–stress relationship via accelerated aging for accurate service life.

Nanocomposite coatings show longer service life than conventional ones.

Model validated with field data, confirming practical applicability.
Adhesion‐controlled anisotropic rotational molding of multilayered ultrasoft silicone films
Authors: Kaufmann Anke , Schlicht Samuel , Rösel Uta , Drummer Dietmar
Published: July 2024

Rotational molding allows the manufacturing of geometrically complex, hollow parts while maintaining low tool costs. While the rotational molding of thermoplastics is subject to inherent limitations regarding the wall thickness and processing of ultrasoft materials, the present paper introduces the adhesion‐controlled, highly dynamic rotational molding of room‐temperature curing resins, enabling the fabrication of thin, multilayered films and anisotropic, ultrasoft silicone components at rotational speeds up to 2000 min−1. The studies comprise the influence of the applied rotational speeds and the different molds. Based on scanning electron micrographs, the process is shown to allow for locally tailored part thicknesses, enabling the manufacturing of multilayered films with singular layers obtaining thicknesses below 10 μm. Relying on the control of emerging centripetal forces, the rotational speed depicts a quasi‐linear influence on resulting layer thicknesses, allowing for controlling the film thickness with excellent interlayer bonding. Relying on the superposition of consecutive layers, the adhesion‐controlled process allows for tailoring emerging nonlinear, ultrasoft stress–strain behaviors across a broad range of desired moduli. Conducting compression tests, increased rotational speeds are shown to reduce the part stiffness, attributed to the increased relative influence of interlayer interfaces, allowing for reproducing mechanical characteristics similarly found in ultrasoft human soft tissue.

Highlights

Highly dynamic rotational molding of ultrasoft thin films.

Targeted anisotropic structure formation.

High geometric accuracy and reproducibility of thin silicone films.

Targeted adaptability of nonlinear compressive mechanical properties.

Applicability for ultrasoft laryngeal implants.
Assessing the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models for onboard passenger vehicle photovoltaics applications
Authors: Patel Neel , Pieters Bart E. , Bittkau Karsten , Sovetkin Evgenii , Ding Kaining , Reinders Angèle
Published: July 2024

We assess the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models, namely, Ross and Faiman, in the context of photovoltaics (PV) systems integrated in vehicles. Therefore, we present an analysis of irradiance and temperature data monitored on a PV system on top of a vehicle. Next, we have modeled PV cell temperatures in this PV system, representing onboard vehicle PV systems using the Ross and Faiman model. These models could predict temperatures with a coefficient of determination (R2) in the range of 0.61–0.88 for the Ross model and 0.63–0.93 for the Faiman model. It was observed that the Ross and Faiman model have high errors when instantaneous data are used but become more accurate when averaged to timesteps of greater than 1000–1500 s. The Faiman model's instantaneous response was independent of the variations in the weather conditions, especially wind speed, due to a lack of thermal capacitance term in the model. This study found that the power and energy yield calculations were minimally affected by the errors in temperature predictions. However, a transient model, which includes the thermal mass of the vehicle and PV modules, is necessary for an accurate instantaneous temperature prediction of PV modules in vehicle‐integrated (VIPV) applications.
Multiscale Simulation of CVD Diamond Growth on (1 0 0)‐, (1 1 1)‐, and (1 1 0)‐Oriented Faces
Authors: Valentin Audrey , Kamkoum‐Djouka Divine Regina , Brinza Ovidiu , Bénédic Fabien
Published: July 2024

The growth of chemical vapor deposition diamond in microwave plasma ignited in H2/CH4 gas mixture is investigated using a multiscale approach. The plasma composition and temperatures are determined as a function of the growth conditions using an axial one‐dimensional simulator. The growth process is then studied at the atomic scale using a kinetic Monte‐Carlo simulator developed for (1 0 0), (1 1 1), and (1 1 0) orientations. The calculated growth rates are then injected in a geometric model that predicts the final morphology of the crystal. The simulation of the growth on an etch pit shows that the time necessary to entirely fill the pit is around half an hour. The study of the growth on the three orientations reveals that the surface temperature and methane concentration influence the number, shape, and size of the islands when they appear. On the (1 0 0) surface, the formation of islands may be related to Stranski–Krastanov growth mode, whereas the (1 1 1) surface conducts to Frank–van der Merwe growth mode, and the (1 1 0) surface is governed by Volmer–Weber growth mode.
Ketone Scope and Their Limitations in Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Hydrogenative Aminations
Authors: Dharani Sivadasan , Kamran Muhammad , Ma Xinyu , Duan Ya‐Nan , Guo Hongshan , Zhang Congguang , Zhang Runtong , Ma Baode , Bai Shao‐Tao
Published: July 2024

Chiral amines are valuable building blocks in the manufacture of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural products, fine chemicals, functional materials among others. Compared to asymmetric hydrogenation of imines/enamides and biocatalytic/organocatalytic asymmetric reductive amination, transition metal catalyzed direct asymmetric hydrogenative amination reactions (DAHA) using molecular dihydrogen as the reductant are highly economical, atom and/or step‐efficient and thus attractive for researchers from both industry and academia. In previous reviews, catalysts/methods development, applications in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and [N] source were summarized and discussed. In this review, we summarize and discuss the ketone substrates scope upon utilizing the state‐of‐the‐art transition metal catalysts. The substrate limitations, potential applications and key mechanisms are also critically concluded.
Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Docking Evaluation of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates Quinoline Thiohydrazineyl Derivatives
Authors: Al Zahrani Nourah A.
Published: July 2024

A one‐pot Kabachnik‐Fields reaction is used in the presence of magnesium triflate [Mg(OTf)2] as a catalyst between quinoline, diethyl phosphite (DEP), and substituted aldehydes to synthesize quinoline thioacetohydrazide α‐aminophosphonates (5 a‐f). Analytical and spectroscopic techniques identify the novel compounds. The cytotoxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were examined against HepG2 and MCF7 human cancer cells using the MTT assay. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit potent anticancer activities. Compounds 5 e and 5 b exhibited the most promising activity against MCF7 human cancer cells, while compounds 5 c and 5 e were potent against HepG2 human cancer cells. Molecular docking experiments on the active compounds showed ring‐stacking interactions between compounds 5 b, 5 c, and 5 e with other proteins, which are compatible with other results.
In‐Vivo GIT Distribution Study On 99mTc‐Functionalized Bioactive Glass Through an Oral Route for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Santhiya Deenan , Goel Teena , Srivastava Pooja
Published: July 2024

Bioactive glass (BG) being bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive has been explored as an oral drug carrier. Herein, after bio‐inspired synthesis, radiolabeling of BG is carried out with Technetium (99mTc) to study its biodistribution and analyze its physico‐chemical characteristics. The particles formed were found to be bioactive due to the formation of hydroxyapatite. An in‐vitro cell proliferation assay confirmed the cytocompatibility of BG against Caco‐2 and U2OS cell lines. The cellular uptake studies of BG for caco‐2 cell lines confirms intracellular nanoparticle transport making it suitable oral drug carrier. The radiolabeling efficiency was monitored in‐vitro at different pH levels of gastrointestinal tract (GI) at different time intervals and the efficacy of radiolabeled BG was found to be substantial. Finally, they were orally ingested in a rat model to investigate its biological diffusion. As depicted by SPECT images (Single photon emission computerized tomography), radiolabeled BG were found to be confined in the intestinal (abdomen) region. The goal of this study is to highlight the application of BG as oral drug carrier for the sustained targeted drug delivery to minimize the drug dosage with the least possible side effects.
Development of Defect‐Free Rutile‐TiO2 by N‐Doping and its Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency
Authors: Padmini Moorthy , Thilakan Periyasamy
Published: July 2024

Undoped and Nitrogen‐doped Rutile‐TiO2 (R‐TiO2) nano‐spindles were synthesized via sol‐gel synthesis. XPS studies revealed the combined presence of Ti4+ and Ti3+ ionic states in the undoped sample. Among them, Ti3+ was observed contributing a trap state in its Photoluminescence spectrum. Whereas, nitrogen doping was found resulting in the presence of Ti4+ state alone without Ti3+, confirmed from the XPS measurement. These corresponding trap states of Ti3+ were also found missing in the photoluminescence spectrum. XRD characterization confirmed the crystallization of rutile structure and their corresponding HR‐TEM studies showed the crystallization of nano‐spindles. Raman studies reveal a grouped red shift in the peak positions of A1g, and Eg peaks and a blue shift of second order peak (241 cm−1) position, especially in N‐doped samples. The values of Flat‐band (FB) potential derived from Electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurement found varied from −0.48 V–−0.71 V for N‐doped samples, which confirms that the energy level of N‐doped R‐TiO2 is higher than the reduction potential of “O2−” (−0.33 V). Hence, the R‐TiO2(N)/electrolyte interface seems facilitating the synergetic charge transport, which in turn exhibits an improvement in the Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation efficiency from 63 % (undoped R‐TiO2) to 81 % (2 wt. % of N‐doping).
Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Chalcone Related Compounds: An Updated Review
Authors: Yadav Anup , Sharma Vikas , Singh Gurdeep
Published: July 2024

Inflammation is a physiological process that involves a variety of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, Nitric oxides, PLA2 etc., blocking these mediators could be helpful in designing and development of promising anti‐inflammatory compounds. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for the treatment of inflammatory‐related disorders via variety of pathways that include inhibition of COX‐1, COX‐2, LOX, NO etc. Chalcone derivatives, characterized by their unique chemical structure, have emerged as potential candidates for modulating inflammatory pathways. Literature suggested that modifications in chalcone derivatives by targeting different molecular targets could leads to the development of potential anti‐inflammatory agents. In this review, we have summarised representative chalcone derivatives against different anti‐inflammatory targets and discussed their structure‐activity relationship along with relevant data.
Synthesis, In Silico Study and Antimalarial Activity of Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Prajapati Arvind N. , Saiyad Shaffiqali Y. , Bhatt Bhaktiben R. , Patel Tarosh S. , Kataria Vipul B. , Dixit Bharat C. , Dixit Ritu B.
Published: July 2024

The present study mainly focused on synthesizing novel triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxamide derivatives using multicomponent reaction. Synthesized derivatives were duly characterized using spectroscopic methods of analysis FT‐IR and mass spectroscopy, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR confirmed the structure of compounds. Further, the potential of the synthesized compounds against Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pf‐DHFR) inhibitors was evaluated by in vitro antimalarial activity, and the results of the study showed moderate to good antimalarial profile of synthesized entities. In silico study of all the synthesized compounds was carried out using Schrödinger LLC‐2020‐3 Software to explain the binding mode and interactions between molecules and pf DHFR enzyme. To study the drug likeliness of molecules, 3D QSAR and Pharmacokinetic studies have been carried out, and the results obtained showed a good pharmacokinetics profile of two compounds, namely AMP‐24 and AMP‐28, having good IC50 values concerning standard drugs. Further, the in vitro enzyme inhibition assay results suggested that the synthesized compound interacts nicely with the enzyme and might be used as a potent antimalarial agent.
A Current Development of Energy Harvesting Systems for Energy‐Independent Bioimplantable Biosensors
Authors: Choi Hyojeong , Biswas Swarup , Lang Philippe , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Kim Hyeok
Published: July 2024

Biosensors have emerged as vital tools for the detection and monitoring of essential biological information. However, their efficiency is often constrained by limitations in the power supply. To address this challenge, energy harvesting systems have gained prominence. These off‐grid, independent systems harness energy from the surrounding environment, providing a sustainable solution for powering biosensors autonomously. This continuous power source overcomes critical constraints, ensuring uninterrupted operation and seamless data collection. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent literature on energy harvesting‐based biosensors is presented. Various techniques and technologies are critically examined, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and wireless power transfer, focusing on their applications and optimization. Furthermore, the immense potential of these energy harvesting‐driven biosensors is highlighted across diverse fields, such as medicine, environmental surveillance, and biosignal analysis. By exploring the integration of energy harvesting systems, this review underscores their pivotal role in advancing biosensor technology. These innovations promise improved efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and broader applicability, marking significant progress in the field of biosensors.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Monolayer 2D Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yu , Ma Juan , Jin Fei , Li Tong , Javanmardi Negar , He Yuyuan , Zhu Guanzhou , Zhang Siwei , Xu Jian‐Da , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi
Published: July 2024

Monolayer 2D metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, characterized by abundant exposed active sites and tunable structure and function (such as altering the metal nodes or organic ligands), have emerged as a pivotal class of 2D materials, demonstrating irreplaceable applications across diverse research domains in materials and chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research progress in the synthesis of monolayer 2D MOF nanosheets. Specifically, recent synthetic strategies, including top‐down and bottom‐up methods, are delved and their applications in gas separation, catalysis, sensing platforms, and energy storage are explored. Additionally, the challenges faced in the investigation of monolayer 2D MOF nanosheets are elucidated and future opportunities for these materials as a novel generation of 2D materials are outlined.
Microliter Whole Blood Neutrophil Assay Preserving Physiological Lifespan and Functional Heterogeneity
Authors: Li Chao , Hendrikse Nathan W. , Mai Makenna , Farooqui Mehtab A. , Argall‐Knapp Zach , Kim Jun Sung , Wheat Emily A. , Juang Terry
Published: July 2024

For in vitro neutrophil functional assays, neutrophils are typically isolated from whole blood, having the target cells exposed to an artificial microenvironment with altered kinetics. Isolated neutrophils exhibit limited lifespans of only a few hours ex vivo, significantly shorter than the 3–5 day lifespan of neutrophils in vivo. In addition, due to neutrophils’ inherently high sensitivity, neutrophils removed from whole blood exhibit stochastic non‐specific activation that contributes to assay variability. Here, a method – named “µ‐Blood” – is presented that enables functional neutrophil assays using a microliter of unprocessed whole blood. µ‐Blood allows multiple phenotypic readouts of neutrophil function (including cell/nucleus morphology, motility, recruitment, and pathogen control). In µ‐Blood, neutrophils show sustained migration and limited non‐specific activation kinetics (<0.1% non‐specific activation) over 3–6 days. In contrast, neutrophils isolated using traditional methods show increased and divergent activation kinetics (10–70% non‐specific activation) in only 3 h. Finally, µ‐Blood allows the capture and quantitative comparison of distinct neutrophil functional heterogeneity between healthy donors and cancer patients in response to microbial stimuli with the preserved physiological lifespan over 6 days.
Quasi‐Solid Composite Polymer Electrolyte‐Based Structural Batteries with High Ionic Conductivity and Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Zeru , Hou Yue , Li Sen , Xu Zhuang , Zhu Xiaotao , Guo Bing , Lu Dong , Wang Ke
Published: July 2024

Structural lithium batteries integrated with energy storage and mechanical load‐bearing capabilities hold great promise to revolutionize lightweight transport vehicles. However, the current development of structural batteries faces critical challenges in balancing the electrochemical and mechanical properties of the electrolytes. Herein, a super strong quasi‐solid composite polymer electrolyte (QCPE) is successfully fabricated by reinforcing polyelectrolyte with 3D in situ self‐assembled metal–organic framework‐modified glass fiber (MOF@GF) soaking a small amount of liquid electrolyte, which provides continuous ion conductive pathways for fast Li+ transport and contributes to the high ambient ionic conductivity of 1.47 × 10−3 S cm−1. The micropores and abundant polar functional groups selectively restrict the transport of anions to afford a homogeneous Li+ flux and a high Li+ transference number (0.56). Simultaneously, the MOF@GF provides more effective reinforcement and a remarkably high tensile strength of 48.6 MPa, and Young's modulus of 1.66 GPa is achieved. Furthermore, the lithium metal batteries fabricated with this QCPE exhibit a long, stable operation lifespan of 2000 h and excellent cycling performance with LiFePO4 and NCM811 cathodes. This design strategy generally opens a new avenue for structural batteries with high ionic conductivity and outstanding mechanical properties, which holds great promise for industrial translation.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Dual C−H Activation/Annulation Reactions Involving Internal Alkynes
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Karimtabar Mohammad Sadegh , Ghasemi Mehran , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Recently, transition metal‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H bond activation/annulations involving two internal alkyne molecules have been extensively used to synthesize highly substituted polycyclic aromatic scaffolds. Such reactions have emerged as a powerful atom and step‐economical strategy for the assembly of multifunctional bioactive molecules. In this context, we focused on the recent achievements of dual C−H bond activation/annulations, as well as functionalization reactions involving diaryl/alkyl alkynes.
External auditory canal atresia affecting the horizontal canal of a 2‐year‐old Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Phillips Katherine , Riggs Julia , Reading Mark , Herrtage Mike
Published: July 2024

A 2‐year‐old, female neutered, Labrador Retriever dog was presented with left otalgia. Otoscopic examination revealed a blind ending left external ear canal. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an abrupt narrowing of the lateral aspect of the horizontal canal, medial to which the remaining horizontal ear canal and middle ear cavities contained well‐delineated, homogenous, T2w, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and T1w hyperintense, non‐contrast enhancing material. A diagnosis of external auditory canal atresia was made based on the imaging findings. Considering the patient's age and absence of preceding trauma, a congenital cause was considered most likely. Surgical treatment by way of a total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. At the re‐check appointment, the surgical site had healed well and there were no associated complications noted; a telephone call with the owner 5 months later documented no clinical concerns.
Fractional dynamics of entropy generation in unsteady mixed convection of a reacting nanofluid over a slippery permeable plate in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium
Authors: Makinde O. D. , Khan Zafar Hayat , Trounev Alexander , Khan Waqar A. , Ahmad Rashid
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the inherent irreversibility in unsteady fractional time derivative mixed convection of a reacting nanofluid with heat and mass transfer mechanism over a slippery permeable plate embedded in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. The model fractional partial differential equations are obtained based on conservation laws and numerically solved using the implicit finite difference scheme. The study displays and discusses the effects of various emerging parameters on the overall flow structure, such as velocity profiles, temperature distribution, nanoparticles concentration profiles, skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, entropy generation rate, and Bejan number. It was found that an increase in dimensionless time and fractional parameters leads to a decrease in both the entropy generation rate and the Bejan number. The study revealed that fractional order derivatives can capture intrinsic memory effects, non‐local behaviour, and anomalous diffusion in the nanofluid flow process. This can ultimately lead to better engineering system design and control.
Operational Infrastructure to Ensure the Long-Term Sustainability of the International Height Reference System and Frame (IHRS/IHRF)
Authors: Sánchez Laura , Barzaghi Riccardo , Vergos George
Published: July 2024

The International Association of Geodesy (IAG) introduced the International Height Reference System (IHRS) in 2015 as an international standard for the accurate determination of physical heights worldwide. Primary vertical coordinates are geopotential numbers referenced to a conventional W0 value. The realisation of the IHRS is the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), which corresponds to a global network of reference stations with precise reference coordinates specified in the IHRS. The spatial position of the stations, at which the geopotential numbers are calculated, is defined by their respective coordinates (X, Y, Z) in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The realisation of the IHRS is thus based on the combination of a geometric component, given by the positions of the stations in the ITRF, and a physical component, given by the determination of the potential values W at these positions. Through a strong international collaboration, framed by the IAG, it has been possible in recent years to pave the scientific foundations of the IHRS, to compute a first solution of the IHRF, and to identify the key requirements for a long-term sustainability of the IHRF. Much progress has been made and continuity is needed to ensure the maintenance and availability of the IHRF in the future. Following IAG practice, the development of theory and methods for the continuous improvement of the IHRS/IHRF should be promoted by the IAG Commissions and the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT), while the operational performance should be ensured by the IAG Services. In this paper, we highlight the organisational challenges in maintaining the IHRS/IHRF, discuss how the existing gravity field related IAG Services could contribute to the IHRS/IHRF, and identify the elements needed to establish an operational infrastructure for the IHRS/IHRF that addresses the organisational challenges. Our proposal is to establish a central coordinating body under the responsibility of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS), composed of individual modules taking care of the main components of the IHRS/IHRF. The central management body is the IHRF Coordination Centre and its modules are the IHRF Reference Network Coordination, the IHRF Conventions’ Coordination, the IHRF Associate Analysis Centres, and the IHRF Combination Coordination. The IGFS presented this proposal to the IAG Executive Committee at its meeting on 10 December 2023 and it was unanimously approved. Thus, a new component of the IGFS dedicated to the IHRF has been created and will ensure the long-term availability and reliability of the IHRF.
Hourly Earth Rotation Parameter Series from GPS and Galileo Observations, and Estimations of Tidal Effects
Authors: Cheng Yuting , Bizouard Christian , Lambert Sébastien , Richard Jean-Yves
Published: July 2024

We use the GINS/DYNAMO software to produce hourly time series of Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) from 2017 to 2022. Data from the American constellation GPS and the European constellation Galileo are used. Single solutions and combined solutions are produced and analyzed. The best spectral coherence between constellations lies in the retrograde semi-diurnal band. We also perform least-squares adjustments for main tidal frequencies and compare with those of previous works. A sliding window analysis reveals time variation of amplitudes of several main tides when adjusting on a selected set of frequencies.
A Geodetic Analysis of the Volume Transport in the ACC Region Based on Satellite Data
Authors: Vargas-Alemañy Juan A. , Vigo M. Isabel , García-García David , Zid Ferdous
Published: July 2024

Geostrophic currents, driven by the Coriolis and pressure gradient forces, are crucial for understanding ocean circulation. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Southern Ocean, which surrounds Antarctica, has a significant global impact, and its volume transport (VT) remains a challenge to measure. We use satellite data, combining altimetry and gravity satellite missions, to estimate VT within the ACC region. Our study provides a comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis, including both barotropic and baroclinic VT components. The spatial analysis reveals a mean VT of 210.44 ± 3.4 Sv for the entire study area, with maxima near critical choke points. Focusing on the time-varying component, we identify a mean VT of 15.86 ± 0.05 Sv per 1° grid cell, a linear trend of −0.007 ± 0.002 Sv per month, and significant seasonal and biannual signals. The baroclinic component drives low-frequency variability, while the barotropic component controls high-frequency variability. We propose a specific ACC zonal VT of 201.63 ± 0.71 Sv. We validate our results with in situ measurements from the Drake Passage. In conclusion, our satellite-based approach provides valuable insights into the ACC VT. This methodological extension improves our understanding of the ocean circulation dynamics of the ACC and demonstrates the utility and robustness of satellite data in oceanographic research.
Terrestrial Datum Definition Methods in VLBI Global Solutions
Authors: Kern Lisa , Krásná Hana , Nothnagel Axel , Böhm Johannes , Madzak Matthias
Published: July 2024

A geodetic datum describes the origin, orientation and scale of a station network, typically with respect to a reference frame. In the analysis process of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations, the introduction of a geodetic datum is inevitable for the determination of precise reference frames and Earth orientation parameters (EOP). In general, several methods of datum definition exist within the VLBI community, including Helmert rendering and the no-net-translation/no-net-rotation (NNT/NNR) approach. While the first introduces conditions with quasi-infinite weight, the NNT/NNR method can be controlled by the selection of formal errors. Evaluations of the CONT17 legacy-1 campaign and a longer time series of IVS 24-hour sessions show that the variance information (formal errors) of the estimated terrestrial reference frames based on the different methods can differ in the mm to almost cm range. Neglecting this issue could lead to potential issues when combining or comparing solutions from different analysis centers.
Cultural-Historical Digital Methodologies: The Dialectics of Crisis and Research Innovation
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Fleer Marilyn , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Sadownik Alicja , Rai Prabhat
Published: July 2024

This book brings forward concepts to support a cultural-historical digital methodology. Specifically, this chapter draws on the dialectics of crisis to articulate a series of research innovations that are presented throughout the book. The chapter outlines the theorising of the methods, and discusses the concepts of e-motion, cultural-historical loop model and builds on the legacy of a wholeness approach to elaborate how the original concepts introduced by Mariane Hedegaard work in digital contexts. Crisis as a dialectical relation between an everyday and scientific reading are foregrounded in this chapter, and through this lens the chapter presents a scholarly contribution across the three broad principles of dialectics, historicity, and cultural-historical practice-centred science in times of crisis.
Not Just Data: Analysing Visual Narratives of Children in Research and the Quest for “Micro-ethical” Moments
Authors: Dardanou Maria , Palaiologou Ioanna , Kewalramani Sarika
Published: July 2024

The chapter is based on a transnational small-scale research project in England, Norway, and Australia. The project aimed to examine how children are using IoToys at home with make-believe play and to investigate types of interactions/behaviours within their make-believe play in digital playscapes. Using digital methods for data collection based on visual methodologies principles, underpinning the synergy of cultural-historical theory and schema play concepts, we analyse digital episodes of children’s play with IoToys to demonstrate our analytical protocol. We discuss the complexities of visually capturing children’s lived experiences. Finally, we examine some of the challenges of analysing audio and visual recordings and conclude by suggesting that visual methodologies offer potentialities for rich data that capture the lived experiences of children but require to be approached as a cultural tool where the researchers should seek for signs, schemes, symbols and ethical “micro-moments”.
When Early Childhood Teacher Education Becomes a Hologram: Innovating Motives and Uninnovating Dilemmas
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R. , Haukenes Marie Brandvoll , Hjelle Kristine , Sollesnes Birgitte Ivarhus , Sjursen Kjerstin
Published: July 2024

On March 12, 2020, all university campuses in Norway shut down due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Norwegian government then provided institutions of higher education with policy guidelines informing them that they were expected to develop alternative, digitalised forms of teaching to enable their students to continue and complete their studies without delay. This demand reduced the university to a hologram amid the expectation of an uninterrupted continuation of its educational programmes. This situation forced individual teachers to employ innovative thinking and led to institutional (re-)searches for new activity settings that could be established in the digitalised university. These individual and institutional (re-)searches anchored on the motive of continuation are the focus of this chapter. Even though digitalisation was reported by the Norwegian government as successful, we see it as tantamount to a reduction of learning and as ‘dissituated’ learning and thus argue for careful innovations extending the activity settings of professional socialisation.