bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does Job Autonomy Influence Teachers' Turnover Intention? Testing the Mediating Effects of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Elrayah Musaddag , Moustafa Mohamed A. , Hamid Elnagi M. , Ahmed Sheriff Y
Published: November 2023

Objective: Providing employees full freedom at their jobs is considered an important part of effective job design. Human resources professionals and job analysis specialists should focus deeply on the impact of job autonomy on different job behaviors like stress, satisfaction, and turnover rate. Therefore, this empirical study tries to highlight the impact of job autonomy on teachers' stress, satisfaction, and turnover intention among employees that working in the education sector.
 
Methods: The study uses a quantitative research method depending on an international database. Data for this research was gathered from the survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Data for this research was collected through the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). TALIS surveyed more than 15980 teachers in the educational sector in 50 countries and economies. The main goal of the annual surveys is to assess the level of satisfaction among educational employees.
 
Results: Data variables were analyzed by Pearson Correlations, regressions analysis, and mediation analysis – through SPSS version 24 and JAMOVI advanced mediation models. Some of the findings of this study show negative correlations between job autonomy and job stress (r = -.041, P<0.05), and job autonomy and turnover intention (r = -.043, P<0.05). The findings also found positive correlations between job Autonomy and job satisfaction (r =.018, P<0.01). The study also finds that job stress and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between job autonomy and turnover intention indirectly (β =.196, .141 respectively, p-values< 0.001).
 
Conclusions: The findings of this study help the decision makers at the educational institution to think deeply about the effective strategies which help to improve the level of job autonomy, improve the level of job satisfaction, and reduce the factors that are responsible for job stress to improve the retention rate and reduce turnover intention.
Malaria y su relación con anemia no complicada durante la época invernal en adultos atendidos en el Distrito Salud 08D02
Authors: Chilán-Chilán Irma Alexandra
Published: November 2023

La presente tesis se enfoca en la evaluación de la relación entre la malaria y la anemia no complicada en adultos atendidos en el Distrito de Salud 08D02 durante la época invernal en el período 2020-2022. En la introducción, se destacó la importancia de comprender esta asociación dada la prevalencia de ambas condiciones en ciertas regiones y su impacto en la salud pública. El objetivo general de la investigación fue evaluar esta relación, y para lograrlo, se recopiló y analizó información epidemiológica detallada de pacientes. La metodología  fue de enfoque cuantitativo, el diseño aplicado descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo , y se analizó información secundaria disponible en los archivos de los registros clínicos de los pacientes del Distrito Salud 08D02. Se recopilarán datos base de datos  de Plasmodium causante de malaria en adultos atendidos en el Distrito de Salud 08D02 durante la época invernal en el período 2020-2022. Resultados: la  prevalencia fue malaria fue de 0.77; la anemia moderada fue 67.8%, anemia severa 6.8%. En conclusión, estos hallazgos subrayan la relevancia clínica y de salud pública de considerar simultáneamente la malaria y la anemia en la atención médica y las políticas de salud. Estos resultados pueden servir como base para estrategias de prevención y tratamiento más efectivas en la región, contribuyendo así a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población afectada.
Reviving Nature's Guardians: Linking Landscape Restoration to Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Numeron Charry Mae Sedoro , Bigcas Evelyn V. , Bedoya Nelieta A.
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive paper navigates the complexities of climate change mitigation and adaptation, unraveling challenges across scales and suggesting innovative solutions. It delves into indicators, tools, and methods that empower policymakers and practitioners, offering a roadmap for effective strategies. Through synthesizing literature and real-world cases, it sheds light on climate change intricacies, urging collaborative efforts and innovative approaches. The findings empower readers with actionable insights to drive impactful climate changemanagement.
Environmental Perception: A Comparison between Southwestern U.S. and Honduras Agricultural-related College Students
Authors: Millares Carla , Lamiño Jaramillo Pablo , Trejos Bernardo , Tabora Sarmiento Shisbeth , Boren-Alpízar Amy
Published: November 2023

Understanding agricultural students' environmental perception is necessary to design meaningful interventions to enhance their environmental awareness. This study aims to understand and compare undergraduate students' environmental behavior and perceptions in the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at a Southwestern United States (US) university and an agricultural university in Honduras (HN). The MANOVA and descriptive statistics show a large effect on the attitude-behavior relationship. Overall, HN students presented higher scores in attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions of environmental education at their university than students from the U.S. university. The most influential behavioral factors for students are financial incentives, friends, and people who take action.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMPLEX METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION PROFIT ON CHOCOLATE FLAVOR BREAD PRODUCTION
Authors: Liwun Stephanus Benedictus Bera , Tri Mulyanto  , Aminah Yumna Aqilah
Published: November 2023

Companies that carry out production activities necessarily want the company's goals to be achieved, one of which is optimal profit. Maximum profit in production can be realized by planning the optimal amount of production. The purpose of this study consists of four, namely making a profit formulation to maximize the amount of production, determining the optimal number of brown bread variants that will be produced at Win Bakery, determining the maximum profit in producing bread at Win Bakery, and predicting profits for return on investment. This research was conducted using a linear programming model. Decision variables determine the decisions that will make to achieve the optimal solution. The objective function is a function that describes the goals or objectives in linear programming problems. Relating to the optimal use of resources to obtain maximum profit or to use minimum costs. A constraint function is a form of formulation of the obstacles faced in achieving the goal. The results obtained from the research are the decision variables, with X1 being the number of square chocolate bread productions and X2 is the number of round chocolate bread productions. The objective function of the profit per unit is to maximize Z = 1000X1 + 800X2. The constraint function is the raw material used in making chocolate bread. Furthermore, the optimization of production with POM-QM resulted in the number of square chocolate bread production of as many as 13 piecess and round chocolate bread as many as 25 piecess so that the profit gained in one day was Rp. 32,500. The next calculation, the break-even point by entering fixed costs, variable costs, and profits obtained results in units of 55 units and the total profit earned is Rp. 1,777,00.
CREACIÓN DE AMBIENTES DE APRENDIZAJE EN LOS CONTEXTOS EDUCATIVOS, 1° Ed.
Authors: Toala Ponce Santa Rocío , Betancourt Sevilla Gladys Janet , Garcés Aguirre Tatiana Verónica , Chanatasig Arcos Fanny Natividad , Hurtado Toral Carmen Karina , Cambindo Quiñonez Betsy Katherine , Angulo Quiñonez Ariel Ángel
Published: November 2023

Con la realización de este libro se pretende tener de forma clara la organización de la creación de ambientes de aprendizaje en los contextos educativos por su profundo impacto en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Debido a que estos entornos influyen significativamente en la calidad, efectividad y eficiencia de la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades. Por lo que a continuación se indica las razones claves por las que debe prestarse especial atención:

Optimización del Aprendizaje: Los ambientes de aprendizaje bien diseñados están centrados en el estudiante, adaptándose a sus necesidades, estilos de aprendizaje y ritmos individuales. Esto optimiza la comprensión y retención de la información.

Fomento de la Motivación y el Interés: Un ambiente estimulante y motivador captura la atención de los estudiantes, despierta su interés y los impulsa a involucrarse activamente en el proceso de aprendizaje. La motivación es esencial para un aprendizaje efectivo.

Estimulación de la Creatividad y la Innovación: Ambientes que promueven la colaboración, la discusión y la experimentación fomentan la creatividad y la generación de ideas originales, aspectos fundamentales para la formación de individuos capaces de resolver problemas y adaptarse al cambio.

Desarrollo de Habilidades Sociales: Los espacios de aprendizaje adecuados permiten la interacción y el trabajo en equipo, facilitando el desarrollo de habilidades sociales como la comunicación efectiva, la empatía y la colaboración, habilidades esenciales para la vida personal y profesional.

 Incorporación de Tecnología y Recursos Innovadores: Un ambiente de aprendizaje bien diseñado integra la tecnología y utiliza recursos innovadores para mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, proporcionando acceso a información actualizada y metodologías educativas modernas.

Fomento de la Autonomía y la Autodirección: Los entornos de aprendizaje efectivos promueven la autonomía y la toma de decisiones informadas por parte de los estudiantes, fortaleciendo su capacidad de aprender de manera independiente y autodirigida.

Alineación con Objetivos Educativos y Pedagógicos: La creación de un ambiente de aprendizaje debe estar en consonancia con los objetivos educativos y pedagógicos, asegurando que las condiciones y herramientas favorezcan la consecución de metas educativas específicas.

En general, la creación de ambientes de aprendizajes adecuados potencia el aprendizaje significativo, la motivación intrínseca, el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes y la preparación para un mundo en constante cambio y evolución. Es una estrategia fundamental para lograr una educación de calidad y formar individuos competentes y que se adapten a la sociedad actual.
Moda ile Melez Kültürün İnşası:Boyner #Maşallah Bizim Tarzımız Güzel! Reklam Filminin Göstergebilimsel Analizi
Authors: YAVAŞ Bilge , OKTAN Ahmet
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye toplumunun, gündelik yaşam içerisinde deneyimlediği ve popüler kültür ürünlerine yansıyan; geleneksel ile moderni, batı kültürü ile doğuya ait motifleri birbiriyle çatışma ve etkileşim ekseninde bir arada barındıran melez kültür kavramını ve kültürel melezleşme olgusunu, Boyner’in 2020 yılında yayınlanan #Maşallah Bizim Tarzımız Güzel! reklamı örnekleminde incelemektedir. Boyner, özellikle özel günlere yönelik tematik reklamlarında kültürel değerlere ve çeşitli alt kültürlere vurgularda bulunmaktadır. Ele alınan reklam, bu tür vurguların en belirgin olduğu örneklerden birisi olması nedeniyle seçilmiştir. Reklam filminin ürettiği melez söylemleri ortaya çıkarmak ve çeşitli kültürel bağlamlara ilişkin vurguları anlamlandırmak üzere Roland Barthes’in göstergebilimsel anlamlandırma kuramından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, incelenen reklam vasıtasıyla, çok renkli, melez kültürel yapı üzerinden, “biz” olarak kavramsallaştırılan, ulusal bir kimlik biçiminin tanımlandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Geleneksel kültürel değerler ve yaşam biçimi ile özellikle gençlerin alt kültürel yönelimleri, duygusal tonları öne çıkan “biz” tanımlaması içerisinde kaynaştırılmakta ve kültürel farklılaşmaların, özünde aynı geleneksel motiflerin farklı görünümleri olduğu söylemi kurulmaktadır. Moda ve görsel ikonlar, kültürel farkı yansıtan postmodern imaj araçları olarak sunulurken, özgürlük, cesaret, bayramlaşma, hediyeleşme, dayanışma, çok renklilik gibi vurgularla karakterize olan melez, ulusal kültür, Boyner markasıyla özdeşleştirilmektedir.
Contributions of Design in the resignification of the school environment: Application of research instruments to give voice to students
Authors: Avila Bruna Fagundes de , Dresch Nelton Luis , Roldo SulLiane
Published: November 2023

Education based on hierarchical and passive teaching in relation to student participation no longer seems to be sufficient to guarantee learning. Several initiatives have sought to enhance educational processes based on project-based teaching and problem solving. This research is based on concepts such as Participatory Design and Project-Based Learning, used as auxiliary tools to the learning processes for the final grades of Elementary School in the after-school period, in a school on the outskirts of the city of Porto Alegre, RS. In this research, the application of two qualitative data collection instruments is presented. One of them applied after the first month of activities, based on an instrument developed by the Porvir Institute, where students talk about happiness in the educational environment. The other applied after seven months of research, and in it, students gain a voice about the Design laboratories they were part of
Evaluation and Formulation of Lip Balm Preparation From Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera) and Bit (Beta Vulgaris) Fruit Extract as Natural Dye
Authors: Hafni Nur Insan  , Yulia Vera
Published: November 2023

Lip balm is a cosmetic preparation that is useful for moisturizing and shiny lips. The purpose of this study was to formulate lip balm preparations using Bit Fruit Extract (Beta Vulgaris) and to evaluate its effectiveness as a lip moisturizer. Beetroot extract (Beta Vulgaris) was formulated with concentrations of 0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, as a blank used lip balm base. Tests on lip balm preparations include homogeneity test, pH measurement, irritation test and stability test of the preparation with parameters such as odor, color and pH during 12 weeks of storage. Bit (Beta Vulgaris) extract lip balm with a concentration of 10% can provide a moisturizing effect Lips are best at restoring lip skin after 4 weeks.
Making Powder of Temulawak Rhizome (Cucum Axanthoriza) to Increase the Application
Authors: Aisyah Mentari  , Ayus Diningsih
Published: November 2023

Background: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), has traditionally been widely used for medicinal purposes or as a drink to maintain health.

Methods: Experimental Research conducted at the Traditional Medicine Laboratory, Pharmacy Study Program, Undergraduate Program, Aufa Royhan University.

Result: Organoleptic test conducted that 8 out of 10 panelists liked the ginger powder drink.

Conclusion: Organoleptic tests were carried out that 8 out of 10 panelists liked the temulawak powder drink.
Literature Study of Formulating and Testing Physical Properties of Hand Sanitizer Preparations of Various Plant Extracts
Authors: Susi Yanti  , Cory Linda Futri
Published: November 2023

Hand sanitizers are widely used for practical reasons when there is no water. Hand sanitizer is easy to carry and can be used quickly without the use of water. According to the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) the advantages of hand sanitizers are that they are able to kill germs in a relatively fast time. The use of antiseptic gels that contain alcohol can cause irritation so it is not safe to be used again, it is necessary to use antiseptics made from nature or containing natural ingredients that are safe when applied to the surface of the hands repeatedly. The purpose of this literature study is to determine the formulation of hand sanitizer gel and test the physical properties of various plant extracts based on a literature study. The method used in this research is a study of literature from 6 journals, both national journals indexed by sinta 1-4 and international journals indexed by Scopus related to the title of the proposed research, namely the study of the formulation literature and testing the physical properties of hand sanitizer gel preparations from oil Nutmeg Essentials, Noni leaf extract, Trembesi leaf extract, Bay leaf extract, Cucumber extract, Papaya leaf extract. In the study of making hand sanitizers from various extracts, it can be concluded that the hand sanitizer gel that was formulated met all the requirements for evaluating the physical properties of the gel which included organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH tests, while for dispersion and adhesion there were those that did not meet the standards.
Correlation of Knowledge and Public Attitude With Vaccination Covid-19 Injection at Sub-Discrit Tuwelei of Tolitoli Regency
Authors: Herawati  , Eka Prasetia Hati Baculu
Published: November 2023

At sub-district tuwelei of tolitoli regency, there are still many society members who are afraid of covid-19 vaccination, this case can be seen from data obtained by researcher who said that a number of public who did not want to be vaccinated are greater than those who wanted to be vaccinated. This was caused bey some affecting factors such as, afraid of being injected, prosses heredity disease and some respondents expressed their worries toward safety of vaccination and stated their unbelives toward covid-19 because of the presence of issue that covid-19 is only deceit of health staffs, the objective of this research to find out correlation of knowledge and public attudes with the gift of covid-19 vaccination at sub-disrict tuwelei. This research is a kind of analytical survey method using cross sectional approach. Sample selection In this research used proportionate random sampling technique.sample selected in this research used proportionate random sampling technique. Sample selected is 99 public members of over 18 years old. Research finding show that there is no correlation of knpwledge and covid-19 vaccination which is proven by statistical test at value (p- value 0,051 < 0,05), on the other hand, there is correlation of attitudes with is proven by statistical test at value ( p-value 0,000 <0,05). This research suggested that education of covid-19 vaccination be necessarily increased and for public to participate in the prevention of covid-19 by vaccinated
A Stable Formulation of a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, Ibuprofen and an Antihistamine drug, Famotidine for a Combination Therapy
Authors: Kakullamarri Praneeth Rao , Tiyyagura Papireddy , Babu K. Suresh
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The present research study was focused on developing an oral dosage form with two highly incompatible drugs, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Ibuprofen and an antihistamine drug, Famotidine to be administered as a combination therapy in a single dose and further asses the stability of the finished product.
Methods: A novel drug formulation was designed by employing mini tablets technology to manufacture Famotidine core tablets and the core tablets are further film coated with Opadry II coating solution to inhibit Famotidine contact with Ibuprofen matrix. Film coated Famotidine 30 mg mini-tablets were then encapsulated in Ibuprofen blend to improve the compatibility and stability of the drug product [1,2].  Each mini-tablet of Famotidine contain 5 mg dose of Famotidine and 6 such mini-tablets were encapsulated in each size “00” hard gelatin capsule containing Ibuprofen blend equivalent to 800 mg claim. The stability of the finished product was evaluated in accelerated stability conditions to ensure the impurities are well within the Pharmacopeia (USP) assigned limits.
Results: The dissolution release of Ibuprofen and Famotidine is higher than 85 % in 15 minutes and is compared against the only available product in the combination therapy, DUEXIS® (Ibuprofen and Famotidine Tablets 800 mg and 26.6 mg). The stability of the final formulation is evaluated by placing the samples in 40°C/75 % RH storage condition for six months and the results of the pharmacopeia (USP) listed specified and unspecified impurities are well not more than 0.5 % w/w of the label claim.  Famotidine and Ibuprofen are two highly in-compatible drugs for a combination therapy, and has been a challenge in the field to formulate for a combination therapy to improve patient compliance. The two drugs tend to form impurities at significate levels in direct physical contact during any stage of the manufacturing process.
Effect of Pimpinella tirupatiensis Extract on Brain Free Radical Toxicity in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kumar D. Veera Nagendra , Krishnaiah C. Venkata , Gurumurthy V. , Seethamma G. , Mohan M. Rama , Rao C. Narasimha
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Pimpinella tirupatiensis on oxidative stress markers in different regions of the brain (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and Pons medulla) in rats with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by injecting them with STZ (40 mg/kg). The rats were then administered Pimpinella tirupatiensis aqueous extract (750 mg/kg / b.w. /day) and glibenclamide (Glb) (20 mg/ kg / b.w. /day) orally for 30 days. After 4 weeks of high blood sugar, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was measured in both the diabetic and control groups. Diabetes can worsen nerve damage and cause oxidative damage due to high blood sugar levels. The diabetic rats displayed a significant decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and reduced glutathione. However, when ginger was administered orally, it enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic rats. This suggests that Pimpinella tirupatiensis has a protective effect on the brain by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms in diabetic rats. Furthermore, it has a neuroprotective effect by enhancing the brain's antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby attenuating the progression of hyperglycemia and some complications caused by diabetes in the rat brain.
Characterization and Isolation of Bio-Functional Lipids from Black Sea Urchin Stomopneustes variolaris and its Multi Potential In-vitro Activities
Authors: Radhika Rajashree S. R.  , Shaju Praisy M.
Published: November 2023

Lipids and lipid fractions isolated from gonads of Stomopneustes variolaris was demonstrated for its bio-functional effects like antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected hexatriacontane (17.03%) as the major compound in crude lipid sample and Phenol, 2,4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) (83.50%) showed high retention peak area in the GC-MS chromatogram of all the three lipid fractions. FTIR spectra confirmed that the esters are the predominant group in the lipid fraction. 1H NMR evaluation spotted peaks of methanol and aromatic groups. Lipid fractions showed bactericidal effect against two Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera) and fungicidal effect against the fungal species (Candida albicans) tested. In-vitro antioxidant assays, such as lipid peroxidation and Diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays also showed positive results towards scavenging free radicals. Hence, bio lipids from Stomopneustes variolaris could be further explored towards the development of new bio-therapeutic formulations.
EFFICACY OF A DCBRN-01VN SKIN DECONTAMINANT ON ANIMALS EXPOSED TO 2-CHLOROETHYL ETHYL SULFIDE
Authors:   Faculty of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Vu Ngoc Doan
Published: November 2023

Chemical warfare agents are an actual threat and decontamination for victims is a main concern when mass exposure occurs. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the skin decontamination agent DCBRN-01VN based on the oxime compound KBDO for CEES (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide). HPLC analysis method was used to determine the temperature after decontamination in vitro and in vivo tests and then to check biochemical and hematological indicators in rats. The test results show that DCBRN-01VN has a high efficiency of CEES decontamination, in vitro: with the ratio of CEES: decontaminant 1:20 in 10 minutes reaching 55.04%, with the ratio 1:10 in 20 minutes reached 55.95%, in 30 minutes reached 82.93%, in 60 minutes reached nearly 100%; in vivo test with a ratio of 1:15 in 20 minutes reached almost 100%. Results of biochemical and hematological examination showed no difference between the negative control group and two experimental groups (with decontamination and without decontamination) P(2-1) > 0.05; P(3-1) > 0.05. Histopathological analysis showed that decontamination also reduced damage caused by CEES.
Estimación de la vida útil del lubricante empleado en motores que utilizan una mezcla biocombustible.
Authors: López Rodríguez Sergio
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue estimar la vida útil del lubricante empleado en motores que utilizan una mezcla biocombustible. Se realizaron pruebas en dos motores de combustión interna con inyección mecánica de combustible diésel iguales, que funcionaron con mezclas de combustible al 50% y 25 % de aceite vegetal durante 400 horas  y se tomaron muestras del lubricante cada 100 horas. El estudio se basó en la reducción de la reserva alcalina del lubricante TBN, bajo la influencia del uso de biocombustible, por medio del análisis de aceite usado. Los resultados muestran que el TBN se redujo, de un valor estándar de 9.3, a valores después de 400 horas de 7.85 y 7.74, con esta información y el uso de fórmulas matemáticas, se estimó la vida útil del aceite lubricante a 560 y 460 horas, antes de que el valor de TBN llegue a 4.65 que se considera crítico.
Diseño de edificación de Marcos Estructurales utilizando prefabricados existentes en el Centro Universitario, San Marcos.
Authors: Navarro de León Ronald Mauricio
Published: November 2023

En el lugar de estudio se realizó, el análisis de infraestructura con el propósito de entender las circunstancias en las que los estudiantes se encontraban para su proceso de aprendizaje, dicho análisis mostró falta de espacios y desaprovechamiento de áreas con las contaba el Centro Universitario de San Marcos. Con el objetivo de mejorar condiciones de infraestructura se propuso el diseño de edificios sismo resistentes utilizando Marcos Estructurales garantizando servicios básicos y seguros que necesitan los estudiantes. En la elaboración del análisis y diseño de los edificios fue necesario indagar sobre la cantidad de estudiantes en el Centro Universitario y principalmente obtener la optimización por niveles y áreas destinadas a salones de clases. Se determinó como aprovechar y reutilizar el módulo de aulas emergentes prefabricadas con elaboración de tres edificios (Alas 1, 2 y 3) con dimensiones y seguridad acorde a lo que la universidad necesita.
The development and application of novel apparatus for relative permeability measurement
Authors: Shen Shaicheng , Fang Zhiming , Li Xiaochun
Published: November 2023

Relative permeability plays a crucial role in understanding the characteristics of gas and water seepage in porous media and in establishing production schedules in practical engineering applications. However, accurately determining water saturation in the relative permeability measurement is challenging due to the minimal detectable amount of movable water in ultra-low-permeability rocks. This chapter introduces a novel method to determine water production during relative permeability measurement. We developed an apparatus that combines a separator with a high-precision differential pressure transducer (DPT) to measure the variation in water production during the experiment. The repeatability of measurements using this apparatus was tested, and the results demonstrated high stability. In addition, we used this apparatus to investigate the gas−water relative permeability in high-rank coal. The results indicate that the effect of displacement pressure on the relative permeability properties depended on the type of gas. The carbon dioxide–water system exhibited a significantly larger two-phase flow span compared to the helium–water or methane–water system at the same displacement pressure. Moreover, the relative permeability of the carbon dioxide–water system showed a higher sensitivity to the displacement pressure compared to the helium–water and methane–water systems.
Thermoelectric Generators: Design, Operation, and Applications
Authors: Singh Bhathal Singh Baljit
Published: November 2023

This chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of thermoelectric generators (TEGs), with a particular emphasis on their many designs, construction methods, and operational processes, all aimed at achieving optimal conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. This chapter extensively examines the fundamental principles that control thermoelectric generators (TEGs), providing a complete examination of their respective merits and drawbacks in comparison with conventional energy conversion techniques. This study thoroughly investigates the key elements that have a significant impact on the performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs), including the temperature gradient, heat source temperature, and load resistance. Moreover, the chapter explores the diverse range of thermoelectric materials employed in these generators and their significant qualities that directly affect the efficiency and power output of the devices. TEGs have been widely examined in terms of their practical applications, which include waste heat recovery, space exploration, and remote power generation. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the obstacles and prospects associated with the incorporation of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) into renewable energy systems. Additionally, it evaluates the feasibility of scaling up TEG manufacturing to meet growing energy demands, with a specific focus on promoting sustainable energy solutions.
The impact of biochar applications on specific soil fertility parameters
Authors: Galadima Moustapha Mahamane , Yilmaz Erdem
Published: November 2023

Biochar technology is a rapidly growing field of interest within the scientific community due to its multifunctional functions. This study aims to assess the impact of the application of different types of biochar on specific soil fertility parameters. To conduct this study, four different types of plant residues (Vine (Vitis vinifera L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Banana (Musa), and Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus. L.)) were used to produce biochar through slow pyrolysis system at 300°C and 500°C. The experiment was designed in randomized complete block with five replications and nine treatments. The treatments included the Control, Vineyard biochar (300°C and 500°C), Tomato biochar (300°C and 500°C), Banana biochar (300°C and 500°C), and Carnation biochar (300°C and 500°C). The trial consisted of a total of 45 pots. Each pot contained 10 kg of soil and 80 g of biochar (equivalent to 20 tons ha−1) strongly mixed and incubated for 300 days. At the end of the incubation period, the biochar treatments were found to improve specific soil fertility parameters (pH, EC, CEC, soil penetration resistance, and bulk density) compared to the control. The use of biochar as a soil enhancer proved to be an effective method for managing soil fertility. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of biochar in sustainable agriculture.
Bone Marrow Lymphocytes’ Development and Dynamics
Authors: Hassan Rizk Samia
Published: November 2023

The bone marrow (BM) is an integral part of the immune system that communicates with other immune tissues via the bloodstream but does not have lymphatic vessels. It is the primary site of lymphopoiesis, where B cells and early T-cell progenitors develop, from late fetal life onwards, and a secondary lymphoid organ for B lymphocytes. At the same time, it regulates the function and dynamics of the immune system in a steady state and disease conditions. Activating and inhibitory signals from various marrow elements regulate the traffic of lymphocyte subtypes (B, T, and NK), including direct cell contact and released factors from stromal cells. This chapter is a review of the life cycle and dynamics of lymphoid cells in health and representative immune-associated disorders. Understanding the central bone marrow’s role may clarify the pathologic changes and open potential therapeutic channels in some disorders.
Advances in Hernia Management in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Tuncer Eren , Cınar Fatih , Karakol Percin
Published: November 2023

Hernias represent a common surgical concern that can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. In the field of plastic surgery, hernias have garnered attention due to their association with abdominal wall weakness and the potential implications for esthetic procedures such as abdominoplasty. This abstract provides an overview of the latest updates in hernia management within the context of plastic surgery.
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Anguyo Milton , Masete Joel , Akia Magdalen , Drasiku Henry
Published: November 2023

This chapter delves into the profound impact of social media on the mental well-being of twenty first-century adolescents. It intricately explores the extensive engagement of young individuals with various social media platforms and critically analyses its potential implications for their psychological health. The discussion encompasses a spectrum of dimensions, including the alarming prevalence of cyberbullying, the detrimental influence of distorted body image perceptions, the pervasive fear of missing out (FOMO), and the concerning addictive tendencies associated with social media usage. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the optimistic side of social media, elucidating its capacity to foster online support communities and spearhead campaigns promoting mental health awareness. Ultimately, this exploration culminates in a strategic roadmap designed to cultivate a balanced and constructive relationship with social media. The outlined strategies aim to empower adolescents with the tools necessary to harness the benefits of these platforms while proactively mitigating the potential adverse consequences discussed earlier. By adopting these strategies, individuals, caregivers, educators, and policymakers collectively strive to cultivate a digital environment that safeguards and enhances the mental well-being of our future generations.
Application of the International Classification Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as Clinical Reasoning Tool in Pediatric Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Demyati Hanan
Published: November 2023

The clinical reasoning model is a theoretical framework that facilitates the transformation of information into practical knowledge within the context of clinical practice. It serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, offering a structured approach for the assessment and development of treatment plans. Biomedical disability models often influence clinical reasoning models in pediatric neurorehabilitation, emphasizing diagnostic reasoning and using a shared vocabulary and language to guide thinking and communication during information gathering, assumption formulation, and care action planning. This method prioritizes physical symptoms over psychological, social, cultural, and environmental factors of a given condition. This idea assumes that the health condition or pathology is the sole fundamental factor contributing to any form of physical dysfunction and that the reduction of the disease will lead to a restoration of the previous state of “normalcy”. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework can be used as a clinical reasoning tool as it guides cognitive processes and decision-making based on the interdependent relationships between the three primary components and contextual factors. The ICF framework recognizes that changes in the child’s environmental and psychological context, activity and social involvement, and pathology can affect child outcomes without emphasizing changes in pathology.
A New Therapeutic Option for Reversing the Deficits in Dark Adaptation Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Lee Yunhee , A. Hussain Ali
Published: November 2023

The earliest functional marker in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the delayed recovery of rod photoreceptor sensitivity following a bright flash. Underlying mechanism is thought to be reduced levels of retinoids in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) compromising the rate of transfer of 11-cis retinal to the photoreceptor for rhodopsin regeneration. Normally, retinoids are lost due to photo-oxidation in the photoreceptor cell and inefficient processing of outer segment discs by the RPE but this loss is compensated for by delivery of plasma retinol across Bruch’s membrane. Ageing of Bruch’s membrane is associated with a 10-fold decrease in capacity for transport that is further exaggerated in AMD. We had previously shown that saponins can remove deposits from Bruch’s membrane resulting in improved transport. As a proof-of-principle we have undertaken a pilot study with six AMD patients on oral saponin supplementation for 2 months (200 mg saponins/day) to assess the possibility of improving the transport across Bruch’s membrane. Saponin supplementation improved the rate of recovery in rod sensitivity following a bright flash in all AMD subjects (p < 0.005. paired t-test), indicative of improved delivery of retinol across Bruch’s membrane. The saponin intervention provides a new approach to slow, halt, or reverse the progression of AMD.
The challenges of translating scientific and technical terms from English into Fulfulde
Authors: Muhammad Bello Idris , Abubakar Muhammad Adamu
Published: November 2023

The aim of this chapter is to examine the unique challenges posed by translating scientific and technical terms from English into Fulfulde, including the lack of appropriate terminology, the difficulty of finding suitable synonyms, and the problems posed by the globalised technology. Oral Interview and Questionnaires were used to elicit data for this study, and the population of the study was drawn from different organisations. The data presentation and analysis were done descriptively. Ultimately, the chapter analysed the challenges of translating scientific and technical terms into Fulfulde and the strategies that can be employed to ensure culturally appropriate and technically accurate translations. The strategies for overcoming these challenges include the use of bilingual research teams, the development of specialised dictionaries, and/or the upgrading of the bilingual dictionaries to integrate the new terminology needed for the translation programmes. For accurate and successful translation to be achieved, interested individuals, national and international organisations as well as non-governmental organisations need to be involved in undertaking the aforementioned strategies, so that there would be a harmonised form of Fulfulde dialects to use universally in all formal situations such as education and communication. However, such a project seems to be capital intensive and so cannot be handled by an individual.
Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Indicates That Smoking Gradually Becomes a Key Driver of the Burden of Pancreatic Cancer in Developing Regions
Authors: Xiang Hong , Dong Deshi , Lv Linlin , Tao Xufeng
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a high mortality disease worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Economic and living standard improvements in developing countries have significantly raised behavioral and metabolic risk factors of PC-related burden over the past decades. However, previous studies have not fully clarified how these risk factors contribute to PC over time. By employing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, we examined PC-associated burden and its related risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the present paper. During that time frame, the number of PC death cases significantly increased throughout the world; and developing regions have a higher trend compared to developed regions. Smoking, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as high body mass index (BMI) have become significant drivers of PC burden, which has also contributed to the rise in PC-related deaths in developing countries. Meanwhile, the rapid increase in premature deaths in developing countries should draw the public’s attention. It is therefore necessary to intervene on the PC-associated risk factors to significantly reduce death cases and burden. The renewal of PC burden analysis in this paper at multiple levels in GBD database is very beneficial for each country to determine individual policies to control the increasing trend of this disease.
Anxiety and Anguish: Navigating Psychological Corridors from Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Challa Ramasubbareddy , Alahari Swetha
Published: November 2023

This work delves into the intricate journey of individuals as they grapple with anxiety and anguish throughout the pivotal transition from childhood to adulthood. Drawing from extensive research and clinical insights, this chapter comprehensively explores the multifaceted factors contributing to these complex emotional states’ development, manifestation, and management. It serves as a foundational exploration of the intricate dynamics that shape anxiety during childhood, setting the stage for a comprehensive understanding of emotional development throughout the lifespan. The chapter delves into the origins of childhood anxiety and anguish, shedding light on the formative experiences, familial dynamics, and societal influences that shape emotional well-being during early developmental stages. As the narrative progresses into adolescence and young adulthood, readers gain a deeper understanding of how anxiety and anguish can evolve, intensify, or manifest in various forms, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and panic disorders. Crucially, “Anxiety and Anguish” also delves into evidence-based strategies and therapeutic approaches for managing and alleviating these emotional challenges. The chapter emphasizes the importance of early intervention and holistic support systems in promoting resilience and well-being throughout the transitional phase. With its blend of scientific rigor and practical insights, “Anxiety and Anguish: Navigating Psychological Corridors from Childhood to Adulthood” is an indispensable resource for clinicians, educators, parents, and anyone seeking a deeper comprehension of the intricate emotional terrain traversed by individuals as they navigate the challenging journey from childhood to adulthood. This work not only elucidates the complexities of anxiety and anguish but also offers hope and guidance for individuals and communities striving to foster emotional well-being during this critical life stage.
Nociplastic Pain in Gynecology: Understanding This Painful Experience in Women
Authors: Merlino Lucia , Crognale Alba , Grazia Piccioni Maria , Grazia Porpora Maria , Senatori Roberto , Titi Luca , Della Rocca Carlo
Published: November 2023

The term “nociplastic pain” was introduced in 2017 by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) to describe pain that results from impaired nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or potential tissue damage causing activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence of disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain. It is a definition born from the need to recognize early the presence of central sensitization of the nervous system in patients with chronic pain; we can find ourselves in the co-presence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain and nociplastic pain. In gynecological pathology, nociplastic pain plays an important role characterizing some important pathologies that can be associated with chronic pelvic pain in women. It is essential to understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis and maintenance of nociplastic pain in order to undertake a multidisciplinary path for the treatment of these patients.
A Perspective on Carotenoids: Z/E-Isomerization, Extraction by Deep Eutectic Solvents and Applications
Authors: Yu Jiahao , M.G.C. Renard Catherine
Published: November 2023

Carotenoids are used commercially for nutraceutical products because of their low toxicity, antioxidant activity, association with a reduction in various diseases and high coloring capacity. However, low stability and bioavailability limited their applications. Alterations in the physicochemical properties of carotenoids by Z-isomerization are beneficial for their extraction and bioavailability. The main strategies applied for enhancing their Z-isomerization include adding a catalyst, especially natural or heterogeneous sulfur-containing compounds. Consumers’ interest in products with carotenoids of natural origin has increased, which has emphasized a need for improved methods for their extraction from food waste. The green extraction methods for carotenoid recovery, especially using natural deep eutectic solvents combined with some novel extraction techniques showed a rapid increase and excellent application prospects. Health problems faced by the older population boost the demand for carotenoid diet supplements for skin health, anti-aging, treating eye disorders, preventing cancer (prostate) and obesity, thereby driving the growth of the carotenoids industry. However, the expansion of the carotenoid worldwide market is hampered by strict regulatory and approval standards. Relevant standards of carotenoids, especially Z-carotenoids, need to be improved.
Study on Heat Transfer Mechanism of Steam Condensation on Water Jet in Steam Injector
Authors: Koizumi Yasuo
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, the heat transfer characteristics in the steam injector that has been proposed to introduce into boiling water reactors as a feed water heat exchanger and a safety injection pump are examined. The temperature and the velocity distribution in the injector were measured. The heat transfer rate from the steam flow around the water jet to the water jet was greatly larger than that of the usual turbulent flow in a pipe. High-speed camera pictures revealed the surface of the water jet was very wavy. It was supposed that the wavy motion on the water jet surface created the effective large-internal circulation flow in the water jet, which resulted in the tremendously effective heat transport from the surface into the center portion of the water jet. From the high-speed camera pictures, the characteristics of waves on the surface; the wave height, the wave velocity, and the wave length were obtained. In addition, the dimensionless numbers were found from the parameters that related to the phenomena in the steam injector. By using these dimensionless numbers, a correlation for the heat transfer from steam flow to the water jet in the steam injector was proposed.
Research on Partial Nitritation and Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Li Dong , Li Shuai , Zeng Huiping , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/A) process has been widely appreciated by many countries around the world. As an autotrophic nitrogen removal process, this process can save more than 60% of the aeration energy consumption, reduce 80% of the residual sludge yield, and do not need to add additional carbon sources. However, this process is faced with several kinds of problems. This paper summarizes several effects of operating parameters on the inhibition of NOB in municipal wastewater treatment, implications of the reactor configuration and operation, and fixed film processes vs. suspended growth systems. The fixed film processes based on Anammox granular sludge and AOB flocculent sludge are alternative. Finally, a new strategy of continuous flow PN/A process with partial nitrification flocculent sludge and Anammox granular sludge was proposed.