bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of supply chain of ready‐made garments in Bangladesh
Authors: Bala B.K. , Islam M.M. , Ghosh S. , Hossain M.S. , Hoque A.S.M.M. , Saha S.
Published: March 2019

Despite supply chain revolution of the past decades, garments industries in Bangladesh struggle with production and shipment delays. Modelling of supply chain of ready‐made garments in Bangladesh is a challenge in our socio‐economic conditions because supply chain of garments is constrained by the availability of raw material, cotton, yarn, fabrics, and transportation facility. This research presents a system dynamics model of supply chain of garments in Bangladesh that is structured with inventory adjustment and demand driven to provide the right quantity at the right time at the right place. Verbal description, causal loop diagram, and stock flow diagram are hypothesized to generate the observed behaviour of ready‐made garments. Sensitivity analysis and stability of the model have also been addressed. Also, the model has been simulated to address the issue of the raw materials price instability and the policy issue of local supply of all the fabrics as well as local supply of all the fabrics with no transportation delay.
Public Space Engagement and ICT Usage by University Students: An Exploratory Study in Three Countries
Authors: Arvanitidis Paschalis , Kenna Therese , Maksymiuk Gabriela
Published: March 2019

The new mobile information and communications technologies expand human connectivity to reconfigure public spatialities and to give rise to novel needs for, and practices of, public space usage. The research in this chapter focuses on university students to explore how they perceive and use the public space of university campuses and how they use personal information and communications technologies in it. This allows for an identification of emerging patterns and practices of university public space usage, along with preferable characteristics, designs and ways of management. Data are collected from three case studies, the University College Cork in Cork (Ireland), the University of Thessaly in Volos (Greece), and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Warsaw (Poland), enabling us to spot similarities and differences in the above trends, that would be attributed to culture and local conditions and lifestyles.
Low scale type II seesaw: present constraints and prospects for displaced vertex searches
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Fischer Oliver , Hammad A. , Scherb Christiane
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The type II seesaw mechanism is an attractive way to generate the observed light neutrino masses. It postulates a SU(2)L-triplet scalar field, which develops an induced vacuum expectation value after electroweak symmetry breaking, giving masses to the neutrinos via its couplings to the lepton SU(2)L-doublets. When the components of the triplet field have masses around the electroweak scale, the model features a rich phenomenology. We discuss the currently allowed parameter space of the minimal low scale type II seesaw model, taking into account all relevant constraints, including charged lepton flavour violation as well as collider searches. We point out that the symmetry protected low scale type II seesaw scenario, where an approximate “lepton number”-like symmetry suppresses the Yukawa couplings of the triplet to the lepton doublets, is still largely untested by the current LHC results. In part of this parameter space the triplet components can be long-lived, potentially leading to a characteristic displaced vertex signature where the doubly-charged component decays into same-sign charged leptons. By performing a detailed analysis at the reconstructed level we find that already at the current run of the LHC a discovery would be possible for the considered parameter point, via dedicated searches for displaced vertex signatures. The discovery prospects are further improved at the HL-LHC and the FCC-hh/SppC.
Fex-Talk: a Short Educational Intervention Intended to Enhance Nurses’ Readiness to Discuss Fertility and Sexuality with Cancer Patients
Authors: Winterling Jeanette , Lampic Claudia , Wettergren Lena
Published: March 2019

Sexual and reproductive health is known to generally be insufficiently addressed by health care personnel working in cancer care. We hence developed a short educational intervention, Fex-Talk, to overcome the barriers to communicate about sexuality and fertility. The present study sought to evaluate the Fex-Talk intervention, which aims to enhance nurses’ readiness to discuss fertility and sexuality issues with cancer patients. The educational intervention involves a single session with an optional follow-up session, and it includes different components in accordance with Kolb’s experiential learning cycle. The evaluation was based on participants’ oral and written feedback regarding the content and organization of the intervention, as well as on teachers’ field notes from five educational events involving nurses who work with cancer patients (n = 140). The data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Four themes were identified, namely increased awareness, need for knowledge, challenging discomfort, and dealing with external obstacles. The intervention increased participants’ awareness of patients’ need to discuss sexuality and fertility and of their own need for additional knowledge. The role-play exercise was said to challenge personal discomfort, although the participants still felt it helped to boost their courage to, in the future, engage in such conversations. Several external obstacles to initiate a conversation about sexuality or fertility were identified, and possible strategies for overcoming them were discussed. In conclusion, the Fex-Talk intervention was experienced positively by the participating nurses. The results indicate that the intervention increased nurses’ understanding of patients’ needs related to sex and fertility and overcome barriers to initiate discussions about sex and fertility with patients.
Addressing endogeneity in operations management research: Recent developments, common problems, and directions for future research
Authors: Lu Guanyi , Ding Xin (David) , Peng David Xiaosong , Hao‐Chun Chuang Howard
Published: February 2019

Addressing endogeneity can be a challenging task given the different sources of endogeneity and their impacts on empirical results. While premier business journals typically expect authors to rigorously address endogeneity, this expectation is relatively new to many Operations Management (OM) scholars, as exemplified by a recent editorial in Journal of Operations Management that calls for more rigorous treatment for endogeneity. This study serves two purposes. First, we summarize recent OM literature with respect to the treatment for endogeneity by reviewing studies published in leading OM journals between 2012 and 2017. The review provides evidence that endogeneity problems have received increasing attention from OM scholars. However, we also find some common problems that may render the chosen techniques for addressing endogeneity less effective and potentially lead to biased analysis results. Second, since instrumental variable regression is the most prevalent technique for dealing with endogeneity in the OM literature according to our review, we provide an empirical illustration tailored to OM researchers for using instrumental variable regression in the post‐design (data analysis) phase. Using variables from a publicly available healthcare dataset, our analysis sheds light on the importance of examining instruments' quality and triangulating results based on more than one test/estimator.
On doing relevant and rigorous experiments: Review and recommendations
Authors: Lonati Sirio , Quiroga Bernardo F. , Zehnder Christian , Antonakis John
Published: February 2019

Although experiments are the gold standard for establishing causality, several threats can undermine the internal validity of experimental findings. In this article, we first discuss these threats, which include the lack of consequential decisions and outcomes, deception, demand effects and unfair comparisons, as well as issues concerning statistical validity (e.g., minimum sample size per cell, estimating variance correctly). We expose each problem, show potential solutions, and bring to the fore issues of relevance of the findings (i.e., external and ecological validity). Thereafter, we take stock of the state‐of‐the‐science regarding validity threats using a representative sample of 468 recent experiments from 258 articles published in top‐tier journals. We compare research practices in three fields of study—management, social psychology, and economics, which regularly use experimental research—to operations management, which has more recently begun to use the experimental paradigm. Our results underscore the importance for journals and authors to follow what we identify to be best‐practice methodological suggestions (i.e., the “ten commandments” of experimental research). We show that—on average—markers of methodological rigor and generalizability positively and significantly predict the citations received by published articles. Finally, given that experiments are infeasible in some settings, we conclude with a brief review of often overlooked quasi‐experimental designs, which are useful for generating strong counterfactuals and hence allow making causal claims in the field.
PERSONAL NON-LIFE INSURANCE DECISIONS AND THE WELFARE LOSS FROM FLAT DEDUCTIBLES
Authors: Steffensen Mogens , Thøgersen Julie
Published: March 2019

We view the retail non-life insurance decision from the perspective of the insured. We formalize different consumption–insurance problems depending on the flexibility of the insurance contract. For exponential utility and power utility we find the optimal flexible insurance decision or insurance contract. For exponential utility we also find the optimal position in standard contracts that are less flexible and therefore, for certain nonlinear pricing rules, lead to a welfare loss for the individual insuree compared to the optimal flexible insurance decision. For the exponential loss distribution, we quantify a significant welfare loss. This calls for product development in the retail insurance business.
The reductions in the subcallosal region cortical volume and surface area in major depressive disorder across the adult life span
Authors: Wei Dongtao , Wang Kangcheng , Meng Jie , Zhuang Kaixiang , Chen Qunlin , Yan Wenjing , Xie Peng , Qiu Jiang
Published: March 2019

Background

Imaging studies have shown that the subcallosal region (SCR) volume was decreased in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the volumetric reductions in the SCR are due to thinning of the cortex or a loss of surface area (SA) remains unclear. In addition, the relationship between cortical measurements of the SCR and age through the adult life span in MDD remains unclear.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional design from 114 individuals with MDD and 112 matched healthy control (HC) individuals across the adult life span (range: 18–74 years). The mean cortical volume (CV), SA and cortical thickness (CT) of the SCR were computed using cortical parcellation based on FreeSurfer software. Multivariate analyses of covariance models were performed to compare differences between the MDD and HC groups on cortical measurements of the SCR. Multiple linear regression models were used to test age-by-group interaction effects on these cortical measurements of the SCR.

Results

The MDD had significant reductions in the CV and SA of the left SCR compared with HC individuals after controlling of other variables. The left SCR CV and SA reductions compared with matched controls were observed only in early adulthood patients. We also found a significant age-related CT reduction in the SCR both in the MDD and HC participants.

Conclusions

The SCR volume reduction was mainly driven by SA in MDD. The different trajectories between the CT and SA of the SCR with age may provide valuable information to distinguish pathological processes and normal ageing in MDD.
CAM-ADX: A New Genetic Algorithm with Increased Intensification and Diversification for Design Optimization Problems with Real Variables
Authors: Yasojima Edson Koiti Kudo , de Oliveira Roberto Célio Limão , Teixeira Otávio Noura , Pereira Rodrigo Lisbôa
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a modified genetic algorithm (GA) using a new crossover operator (ADX) and a novel statistic correlation mutation algorithm (CAM). Both ADX and CAM work with population information to improve existing individuals of the GA and increase the exploration potential via the correlation mutation. Solution-based methods offer better local improvement of already known solutions while lacking at exploring the whole search space; in contrast, evolutionary algorithms provide better global search in exchange of exploitation power. Hybrid methods are widely used for constrained optimization problems due to increased global and local search capabilities. The modified GA improves results of constrained problems by balancing the exploitation and exploration potential of the algorithm. The conducted tests present average performance for various CEC’2015 benchmark problems, while offering better reliability and superior results on path planning problem for redundant manipulator and most of the constrained engineering design problems tested compared with current works in the literature and classic optimization algorithms.
Pneumonia hospitalisation and case-fatality rates in older Australians with and without risk factors for pneumococcal disease: implications for vaccine policy
Authors: Dirmesropian S. , Liu B. , Wood J. G. , MacIntyre C. R. , McIntyre P. , Karki S. , Jayasinghe S. , Newall A. T.
Published: March 2019

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in substantial numbers of hospitalisations and deaths in older adults. There are known lifestyle and medical risk factors for pneumococcal disease but the magnitude of the additional risk is not well quantified in Australia. We used a large population-based prospective cohort study of older adults in the state of New South Wales (45 and Up Study) linked to cause-specific hospitalisations, disease notifications and death registrations from 2006 to 2015. We estimated the age-specific incidence of CAP hospitalisation (ICD-10 J12-18), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notification and presumptive non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisation (J13 + J18.1, excluding IPD), comparing those with at least one risk factor to those with no risk factors. The hospitalised case-fatality rate (CFR) included deaths in a 30-day window after hospitalisation. Among 266 951 participants followed for 1 850 000 person-years there were 8747 first hospitalisations for CAP, 157 IPD notifications and 305 non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisations. In persons 65–84 years, 54.7% had at least one identified risk factor, increasing to 57.0% in those ⩾85 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalisation in those ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor was twofold higher than in those without risk factors, 1091/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1060–1122) compared with 522/100 000 (95% CI 501–545) and IPD in equivalent groups was almost threefold higher (18.40/100 000 (95% CI 14.61–22.87) vs. 6.82/100 000 (95% CI 4.56–9.79)). The CFR increased with age but there were limited difference by risk status, except in those aged 45 to 64 years. Adults ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor have much higher rates of CAP and IPD suggesting that additional risk factor-based vaccination strategies may be cost-effective.
Modelling the epidemiologic impact of achieving UNAIDS fast-track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets in South Africa
Authors: Abuelezam N. N. , McCormick A. W. , Surface E. D. , Fussell T. , Freedberg K. A. , Lipsitch M. , Seage G. R.
Published: March 2019

UNAIDS established fast-track targets of 73% and 86% viral suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals by 2020 and 2030, respectively. The epidemiologic impact of achieving these goals is unknown. The HIV-Calibrated Dynamic Model, a calibrated agent-based model of HIV transmission, is used to examine scenarios of incremental improvements to the testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) continuum in South Africa in 2015. The speed of intervention availability is explored, comparing policies for their predicted effects on incidence, prevalence and achievement of fast-track targets in 2020 and 2030. Moderate (30%) improvements in the continuum will not achieve 2020 or 2030 targets and have modest impacts on incidence and prevalence. Improving the continuum by 80% and increasing availability reduces incidence from 2.54 to 0.80 per 100 person-years (−1.73, interquartile range (IQR): −1.42, −2.13) and prevalence from 26.0 to 24.6% (−1.4 percentage points, IQR: −0.88, −1.92) from 2015 to 2030 and achieves fast track targets in 2020 and 2030. Achieving 90-90-90 in South Africa is possible with large improvements to the testing and treatment continuum. The epidemiologic impact of these improvements depends on the balance between survival and transmission benefits of ART with the potential for incidence to remain high.
Dengue outbreaks: unpredictable incidence time series
Authors: Gabriel A.F.B. , Alencar A.P. , Miraglia S.G.E.K.
Published: March 2019

Dengue fever is a disease with increasing incidence, now occurring in some regions which were not previously affected. Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo, municipalities in São Paulo state, Brazil, have been highlighted due to the high dengue incidences especially after 2009 and 2013. Therefore, the current study aims to analyse the temporal behaviour of dengue cases in the both municipalities and forecast the number of disease cases in the out-of-sample period, using time series models, especially SARIMA model. We fitted SARIMA models, which satisfactorily meet the dengue incidence data collected in the municipalities of Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo. However, the out-of-sample forecast confidence intervals are very wide and this fact is usually omitted in several papers. Despite the high variability, health services can use these models in order to anticipate disease scenarios, however, one should interpret with prudence since the magnitude of the epidemic may be underestimated.
Implementing type theory in higher order constraint logic programming
Authors: GUIDI FERRUCCIO , SACERDOTI COEN CLAUDIO , TASSI ENRICO
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we are interested in high-level programming languages to implement the core components of an interactive theorem prover for a dependently typed language: the kernel – responsible for type-checking closed terms – and the elaborator – that manipulates open terms, that is terms containing unresolved unification variables.

In this paper, we confirm that λProlog, the language developed by Miller and Nadathur since the 80s, is extremely suitable for implementing the kernel. Indeed, we easily obtain a type checker for the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC). Even more, we do so in an incremental way by escalating a checker for a pure type system to the full CIC.

We then turn our attention to the elaborator with the objective to obtain a simple implementation thanks to the features of the programming language. In particular, we want to use λProlog’s unification variables to model the object language ones. In this way, scope checking, carrying of assignments and occur checking are handled by the programming language.

We observe that the eager generative semantics inherited from Prolog clashes with this plan. We propose an extension to λProlog that allows to control the generative semantics, suspend goals over flexible terms turning them into constraints, and finally manipulate these constraints at the meta-meta level via constraint handling rules.

We implement the proposed language extension in the Embedded Lambda Prolog Interpreter system and we discuss how it can be used to extend the kernel into an elaborator for CIC.
Pre-Stroke Frailty Is Independently Associated With Post-Stroke Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Taylor-Rowan Martin , Keir Ruth , Cuthbertson Gillian , Shaw Robert , Drozdowska Bogna , Elliott Emma , Evans Jonathan , Stott David , Quinn Terence J.
Published: March 2019

Objective: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is common, but mechanisms and risk factors are poorly understood. Frailty may be an important risk factor for cognitive impairment after stroke. We investigated the association between pre-stroke frailty and acute post-stoke cognition. Methods: We studied consecutively admitted acute stroke patients in a single urban teaching hospital during three recruitment waves between May 2016 and December 2017. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (min=0; max=12). A Frailty Index was used to generate frailty scores for each patient (min=0; max=100). Clinical and demographic information were collected, including pre-stroke cognition, delirium, and stroke-severity. We conducted univariate and multiple-linear regression analyses with covariates forced in (covariates included were: age, sex, stroke severity, stroke-type, pre-stroke cognitive impairment, delirium, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack) to investigate the association between pre-stroke frailty and post-stroke cognition. Results: Complete data were available for 154 stroke patients. Mean age was 68 years (SD=11; range=32–97); 93 (60%) were male. Median mini-Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 8 (IQR=4–12). Mean Frailty Index score was 18 (SD=11). Pre-stroke cognitive impairment was apparent in 13/154 (8%) patients. Pre-stroke frailty was significantly associated with lower post-stroke cognition (Standardized-Beta=−0.40; p<0.001) and this association was independent of covariates (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.05; p=0.005). Additional significant variables in the multiple regression model were age (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.05; p=0.002), delirium (Unstandardized-Beta=−2.81; p<0.001), pre-stroke cognitive impairment (Unstandardized-Beta=−2.28; p=0.001), and stroke-severity (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.20; p<0.001). Conclusions: Pre-stroke frailty may be a moderator of post-stroke cognition, independent of other well-established post-stroke cognitive impairment risk factors. (JINS, 2019, 25, 501–506)
The processing of input with differential object marking by heritage Spanish speakers
Authors: Jegerski Jill , Sekerina Irina A.
Published: March 2019

Heritage Spanish speakers and adult immigrant bilinguals listened to wh-questions with the differential object markera(quién/a quién‘who/whoACC’) while their eye movements across four referent pictures were tracked. The heritage speakers were less accurate than the adult immigrants in their verbal responses to the questions, leaving objects unmarked for case at a rate of 18%, but eye movement data suggested that the two groups were similar in their comprehension, with both starting to look at the target picture at the same point in the question and identifying the target sooner with a quién ‘whoACC’ than with quién ‘who’ questions.
An orientation-independent UHF rectenna array with a unified matching and decoupling RF network
Authors: Fantuzzi M. , Paolini G. , Shanawani M. , Costanzo A. , Masotti D.
Published: March 2019

This work describes the design of a rectenna array exploiting orthogonal, closely-spaced UHF monopoles for orientation-independent RF energy harvesting to energize a passive tag, designed for UWB localization, with wake-up radio (WUR) capabilities. To reach this goal, different RF networks are studied to simultaneously realize RF decoupling of the antenna elements and matching of the radiating elements to the non-linear network of rectifiers. The design is performed for a wide power range of the RF incoming signals that need to be exploited for both energizing the passive tag and for providing energy autonomy to a WUR sub-system, used to minimize the long-term power consumption during tag standby operations. Two meandered cross-polarized monopoles, located in close proximity, and thus highly coupled, are adopted for orientation-insensitive operations. The combining RF network is reactive and includes an unbalanced power divider to draw a fraction of the harvested energy to a secondary way for WUR operations. The performance of the harvester is first optimized by EM/non-linear co-design of the whole system over an interval of low RF power levels. The system has been realized and experimentally validated: the superior results obtained, in terms of both dc voltage and power, with respect to a standard single-monopole rectenna, justify the deployment of the presented tag for the energy autonomy of future generation radio-frequency identification tags for indoor localization.
Between a Rock and Hard Place: Combined Effects of Authentic Leadership, Organizational Identification, and Team Prototypicality on Managerial Prohibitive Voice
Authors: Monzani Lucas , Knoll Michael , Giessner Steffen , van Dick Rolf , Peiró José María
Published: March 2019

Managers are installed by the organization’s stakeholders and shareholders to increase the organization’s value; at the same time, they depend on their subordinates’ acceptance to fulfill this leadership role. If the interest of the organization collides with the interest of their team, some managers act in the interest of their followers accepting potential disadvantages for their organizations and/or external stakeholders. In two experimental studies comprised mainly of German (N= 111) and US (N= 323) managers, we examined combined effects of authentic leadership, organizational identification, and self-perceived team prototypicality on managerial integrity operationalized as expressing work-related concerns to prevent organizations from harm (i.e., managerial voice). Our results show direct effects of authentic leadership and organizational identification on voice behavior across both studies. Furthermore, organizational identification increased voice for managers’ low in authentic leadership pointing at a compensation effect. Finally, leader team prototypicality decreased the effect of identification on voice for managers high in authentic leadership but increased voice for managers low in authentic leadership, but only if these managers identified with their organization. In sum, our findings complement prior research that focused mainly on safety and instrumentality concerns by emphasizing the relevance of self-related antecedents of managerial voice.
Three Issues in Multilevel Research
Authors: González-Romá Vicente
Published: March 2019

In this article, three important issues in organizational multilevel research are discussed and clarified, namely: (a) The interpretation of “cross-level direct effects” in theoretical and research multilevel models, (b) the specification of the emergence processes involved in higher-level constructs, and (c) the sample size recommendations for using multilevel statistical methods. By doing so, this article hopes to contribute to the improvement of organizational multilevel research.
REFS-D: Eine deutschsprachige Skala zur Erfassung der Schiedsrichterselbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Labudek Sarah , Schweizer Geoffrey , Roth Anika , Pizzera Alexandra , Plessner Henning , Brand Ralf
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist die teststatistische Überprüfung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version der Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS). Die REFS erfasst im englischsprachigen Original die Selbstwirksamkeit von Schiedsrichterinnen und Schiedsrichtern mit den Subskalen Wissen über das Spiel, Entscheidungsfindung, Druck und Kommunikation. Die Items wurden mit Hilfe der Übersetzung-Rückübersetzung ins Deutsche übertragen. Die Struktur und die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Items wurden anhand einer Stichprobe aus 265 deutschsprachigen Fußballschiedsrichterinnen und -schiedsrichtern überprüft. Da die im englischsprachigen Original vorgeschlagene Skalenzuordnung der REFS nach der Übersetzung ins Deutsche nicht replizierbar war, wurden Items mit mangelhaften Skaleneigenschaften aus der deutschsprachigen REFS-Version (REFS-D) ausgeschlossen. Das Resultat der Analysen ist eine Skala mit acht Items, die sich drei Subskalen, Spielumsetzung, Druck und Kommunikation, zuordnen lassen. Die REFS-D weist zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen und signifikante mittelhohe Korrelationen mit allgemeiner Selbstwirksamkeit auf. Trotz einiger Einschränkungen stellt die REFS-D als ökonomische Skala einen Ansatzpunkt für zukünftige Forschung dar.
Validity Study of the Swarm Horizontal Cross‐Track Ion Drift Velocities in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Lomidze Levan , Burchill Johnathan K. , Knudsen David J. , Kouznetsov Alexei , Weimer Daniel R.
Published: March 2019

High‐latitude ionospheric plasma convection plays a fundamental role in determining many processes in the terrestrial ionosphere. Electric Field Instruments on the European Space Agency's three polar‐orbiting Swarm satellites measure ionospheric ion drift velocities at about 500 km altitude using thermal ion imager energy/angle‐of‐arrival electrostatic analyzers. Recently, European Space Agency released horizontal cross‐track components of these drifts, calibrated at high latitudes. This paper concerns the validation of the Swarm horizontal cross‐track ion drift measurements. All available Swarm‐A and Swarm‐B 2 Hz data between November 2015 and July 2017 were used and the climatology of high‐latitude ion convection was constructed and examined. Results were compared to corresponding climatology obtained from the Weimer 2005 empirical convection electric field model under different interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions in the northern and southern hemispheres, separately. The ion drift data sometimes exhibit large offsets at middle latitudes. However, following a recalibration of the drifts using a refinement of the offset removal, the Swarm cross‐track ion drift climatology agrees reasonably well statistically with the Weimer 2005 model, and properly responds to the changing geospace environment. The two results agree within about 200 m/s (root‐mean‐square deviation), however the correlations are higher for southward interplanetary magnetic field and in the northern hemisphere (rswarm‐A = 0.84, rswarm‐B = 0.77), for which the corresponding magnitudes of Swarm‐A and Swarm‐B drifts are ~14% and ~33% larger than the model estimates, respectively. The convection patterns seen in the revised Swarm horizontal cross‐track drift velocities are more structured than those obtained using the model, but overall no significant systematic errors are present.
Localized Changes in Heat Wave Properties Across the United States
Authors: Shafiei Shiva Javad , Chandler David G. , Kunkel Kenneth E.
Published: March 2019

Heat waves are an important type of extreme climate event and directly result in more than 130 deaths per year across the United States. Heat waves have been described by several attributes and combinations which constitute various event typologies. Attributes of heat waves from 10 cities are analyzed over the period 1950–2016 to understand how these attributes determine variability in local heat waves and how climate change affects heat waves across the United States. This study uses eight definitions to differentiate heat waves and tests for temporal trends in key properties of heat waves over the period 1950–2016. At least five harmful attributes of heat waves have increased simultaneously for Dallas, Miami, New York, Phoenix, and Portland.Miami showed the greatest change in heat wave season length, frequency, and timing over the study period. Surprisingly, the greatest mean heat wave intensities above daily thresholds were for Bismarck, ND (+8.2 °C) and Syracuse, NY (+6.5 °C). Similar results across Baltimore, MD, Colorado Springs, CO, Dallas, TX, Des Moines, IA, Miami, FL, New York, NY, Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR, are presented to clarify the many quantitative differences in heat wave attributes and variance in quantification approaches across climates. This work explores the nexus of quantitative description and social construction of heat waves through the lens of the various regional metrics to describe heat waves. Ultimately, this assessment will guide the development of various strategies to help communities understand and prepare for heat resilience based on local heat wave components.
Causal Links on Interannual Timescale Between ENSO and the IOD in CMIP5 Future Simulations
Authors: Le Thanh , Bae Deg‐Hyo
Published: March 2019

Here we investigate the causal links of interannual variability between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) RCP8.5 future simulations. The analyses account for possible simultaneous impacts of the southern annular mode and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall on future ENSO‐IOD connection. We found robust causal influence of ENSO on IOD for majority (14/22) of models. ENSO variations cause changes of tropical Indian Ocean zonal wind and sea surface temperature and thus directly influence IOD. However, the specific mechanisms of this impact remain elusive in multimodel point of view. The results show significant impact of IOD on ENSO in the 2006–2100 period for 10/22 models. These results suggest that ENSO influence on IOD is slightly more robust than vice versa. We emphasize the uncertainty in the two‐way future causal relationship between ENSO and IOD.
Model of Jupiter's Current Sheet With a Piecewise Current Density
Authors: Pensionerov I. A. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Cowley S. W. H.
Published: March 2019

We develop a new empirical model of Jupiter's equatorial current sheet or magnetodisk, constructed by combining successful elements from several previous models. The new model employs a disk‐like current of constant north‐south thickness in which the current density is piecewise dependent on the distance ρ from Jupiter's dipole axis, proportional to ρ−1 at distances between ∼7 and ∼30 RJ and again at distances between ∼50 and ∼95 RJ, and to be continuous in value but proportional to ρ−2 at distances between. For this reason we term the model the Piecewise Current Disk model. The model also takes into account the curvature of the magnetodisk with distance and azimuth due to finite radial propagation speed and solar wind effects. It is taken to be applicable in the radial distance range between ∼5 and ∼60 RJ. Optimized parameters have been determined for Juno magnetic field data obtained on Perijove‐01, with the model showing overall the lowest root‐mean‐square deviation from the data compared with similarly optimized earlier models.
Sensitivity of Labrador Sea Water Formation to Changes in Model Resolution, Atmospheric Forcing, and Freshwater Input
Authors: Garcia‐Quintana Yarisbel , Courtois Peggy , Hu Xianmin , Pennelly Clark , Kieke Dagmar , Myers Paul G.
Published: March 2019

Labrador Sea Water (LSW) is one of the main contributors to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. In this study, we explore the sensitivity of LSW formation to model resolution, Greenland melt, absence of high‐frequency atmospheric phenomena, and changes in precipitation. We use five numerical model simulations at both (1/4)° and (1/12)° resolutions. A kinematic subduction approach is used to obtain the LSW formation rate over the period 2004 to 2016. The control simulation, with (1/4)° resolution, showed a mean annual production rate of 1.9 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) in the density range of 27.68–27.80 kg/m3 for the period 2004–2016. Deep convection events that occurred during 2008, 2012, and 2014–2016 were captured. We found that with (1/4)° resolution the LSW formation rate is 19% larger compared with its counterpart at (1/12)° resolution. The presence of Greenland melt and an increase in the precipitation impact the denser LSW layer replenishment but do not decrease the overall LSW formation rate nor the maximum convection depth. A dramatic response was found when filtering the atmospheric forcing, which induced a decrease of 44% in heat loss over the Labrador Sea, strong enough to halt the deep convection and decrease the LSW formation rate by 89%. Even if our experiment was extreme, a decrease in the storms crossing the Labrador Sea with a consequent reduction in the winter heat loss might be a bigger threat to deep convection and LSW formation in the future than the expected increases in the freshwater input.
Meteoroids at the Moon: Orbital Properties, Surface Vaporization, and Impact Ejecta Production
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Janches Diego , Sarantos Menelaos , Szalay Jamey R. , Horányi Mihály , Nesvorný David , Kuchner Marc J.
Published: March 2019

We use a dynamical model to characterize the monthly and yearly variations of the lunar meteoroid environment for meteoroids originating from short and long‐period comets and the main‐belt asteroids. Our results show that if we assume the meteoroid mass flux of 43.3 tons per day at Earth, inferred from previous works, the mass flux of meteoroids impacting the Moon is 30 times smaller, approximately 1.4 tons per day, and shows variations of the order of 10% over a year. The mass flux difference is due to the combined effect of the smaller cross‐section of the Moon (factor of 13.46) and Earth's larger gravitational focusing (factor of 2–2.5). The lunar surface is vaporized by these impactors at an average impact vaporization flux of 11.6 × 10−16 g·cm−2·s−1, providing a significant source for the rarefied lunar exosphere. Our model predicts acceptable vaporization rates and reproduces the local time dependence of observations of the dust ejecta cloud, measured by the Lunar Dust Experiment on board NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment (LADEE) satellite. However, the predicted density of the lunar ejecta cloud is four orders of magnitude larger than reported values by LADEE. This discrepancy might be attributed to a much lower yield from meteoroid impacts on fluffy lunar regolith and/or a lower detection efficiency of the LADEE dust detector. We suggest an upper limit of 30 cm per million years for the soil gardening rate from small meteoroids.
Field and Numerical Investigation of Transport Mechanisms in a Surface Storage Zone
Authors: Sandoval Jorge , Mignot Emmanuel , Mao Luca , Pastén Pablo , Bolster Diogo , Escauriaza Cristián
Published: March 2019

In‐stream surface storage zones (SSZs) caused by lateral recirculation areas play a significant role in the transport and fate of contaminants in rivers. Lateral recirculating areas have long residence times that favor nutrient uptake, accumulation of pollutants, and interactions with reactive sediments. In watersheds affected by acid‐mine drainage, SSZs have profound effects on biogeochemical processes, controlling the local concentration and distribution of toxic elements along the channel. Despite the importance of turbulent flow dynamics on these processes, limited work has been carried out to analyze mass transport in natural SSZs with complex geometries. In this investigation we study a SSZ in the Lluta River, located in a high‐altitude environment in northern Chile, by coupling field measurements and 3‐D numerical simulations to understand the transport mechanisms with the main channel. We measure the velocity field using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and large‐scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV), extracting the bathymetry from digital image processing. Using these data, we perform detached‐eddy simulations (DES) to analyze the mean flow, turbulence statistics, and the dynamics of large‐scale coherent structures. From this detailed description of the turbulent flow, we study the mass exchange and the time evolution of the mean concentration of a passive scalar in the SSZ by testing three upscaled models: a classical linear transport model, a two‐storage formulation, and a fractional transport model. The analysis integrates temporal and spatial scales to provide a new perspective on the turbulent flow in SSZs and their effects on global mass transport in rivers.
The Urban Dry Island Effect
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: March 2019

A study of the Yangtze River Delta shows how urbanization dries out the atmosphere.
Slip Rate Variation Along the Kunlun Fault (Tibet): Results From New GPS Observations and a Viscoelastic Earthquake‐Cycle Deformation Model
Authors: Diao Faqi , Xiong Xiong , Wang Rongjiang , Walter Thomas R. , Wang Yuebing , Wang Kai
Published: March 2019

The slip rate and its spatial variations of the Kunlun fault (KLF) play important roles in the tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here the slip rate of the Tuosuo Lake (TL) segment of the KLF, which remains controversial from various geological observations, is investigated with a dense Global Positioning System observation profile. With a viscoelastic earthquake‐cycle deformation model, the slip rate of the TL segment is estimated to be 5.5 ± 0.7 mm/a, in comparison with an overestimated value of 9.2 ± 1.1 mm/a from an elastic model. Combined with previous results, we infer that the slip rate of the KLF likely decreases gradually from the TL segment toward the eastern tip, rather than remaining uniform along the fault or decreasing rapidly within the easternmost 150 km. The estimated lower crust viscosity (~1018 Pa · s) agrees with values inferred from postseismic studies, which suggests a weak ductile lower crust in this region.
Widespread and Persistent Deposition of Iron Formations for Two Billion Years
Authors: Johnson Jena E. , Molnar Peter H.
Published: March 2019

Composed of chemical precipitates rich in iron and silica, Precambrian iron formations from marine sedimentary records may reveal biogeochemical processes over the first half of Earth history. The limited record of early Archean rock suggests that preservation biases the iron formation record. Like ophiolites, which provide a sparse record of past ocean floor, iron formations deposited on oceanic crust ought to also be rare and preserved only when accreted onto cratons. To correct for potential preservation bias, we scaled masses of iron formations to the areal extent of basement rock of similar age and found that the resultant record is consistent with persistent deposition of iron formations across much of the deep ocean for two billion years. Widespread and long‐term iron formations imply that ferrous iron was available in the deep ocean for billions of years and that the requisite (bio)geochemical mechanisms to produce iron formations were present by 3.8 Ga.
S1PR1 regulates the switch of two angiogenic modes by VE-cadherin phosphorylation in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ni Chunsheng , Zhang Danfang , Sun Huizhi , Dong Xueyi , Che Na , Liang Xiaohui , Chen Chen , Liu Fang , Bai Jingru , Lin Xian , Zhao Xiulan , Sun Baocun
Published: February 2019

Angiogenesis in solid tumors is divided into two modes: endothelium-dependent vessel (EDV) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays a vital role on EDV in a variety of human tumors. However, the relationship between S1PR1 and VM is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate S1PR1 on the regulation of EDV and mimicry formation in breast cancer. Here we show that S1PR1 phosphorylates the complex of VE-cadherin to regulate the switch of EDV and mimicry formation. Suppression of S1PR1 impairs EDV, but contributes to the generation of VM, invasion, and metastasis in vivo and vitro. By inhibiting RhoA activation, the S1PR1/VE-cadherin signaling is blocked. S1PR1 controls VE-cadherin expression and EDV via RhoA activation. Moreover, the low expression of S1PR1 correlates with VM and poor prognosis in breast cancer patient. The results show that S1PR1 regulated RhoA activation to accelerate VE-cadherin phosphorylation (Y731), leading to increased EDV and reduced VM in breast cancer. S1PR1 may provide a new thinking direction for antiangiogenic therapy for patients with breast cancer.
MTA2-mediated inhibition of PTEN leads to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carcinogenicity
Authors: Si Wenzhe , Liu Xujun , Wei Rui , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Yang , Cui Liyan , Hong Tianpei
Published: February 2019

Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) is a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NuRD) complex and functions by mediating chromatin remodeling and gene silencing. However, its biological actions and clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain elusive. The aim of this study was to explore the function and regulation mechanism of MTA2 in PDAC. As shown in GEO, ICGC, and TCGA databases, a higher expression of MTA2 was noticed in the PDAC tissues than in the normal pancreatic tissues. Moreover, a higher expression level of MTA2 was associated with a shorter overall survival time in these public PDAC databases. We further investigated the underlying mechanisms of these observations by using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based deep sequencing, luciferase reporter, and quantitative ChIP assays. We identified the repressive binding of MTA2 to the promoter of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). We also found that Snail recruited MTA2 and HDAC1 to suppress PTEN expression. Ectopic expression and knockdown of MTA2 were performed to evaluate the effects of this gene on PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Using CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays, and a xenograft tumor model, we revealed that MTA2 promoted PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and PDAC tumor growth in vivo by downregulation of PTEN. In benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)-treated MIA Paca-2 cells and PANC-1 cells, MTA2 level decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner with concomitant upregulation of PTEN level and downregulation of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT levels, providing evidence of the involvement of MTA2 and PTEN in the regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in BITC-mediated PDAC suppression. Collectively, these findings uncover a novel role for MTA2 in the regulation of PDAC progression and help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process.
Correction to: Reversal of homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons by astaxanthin: evidences for mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling crosstalk
Authors: Wang Xian-jun , Chen Wang , Fu Xiao-ting , Ma Jin-kui , Wang Mei-hong , Hou Ya-jun , Tian Da-chen , Fu Xiao-yan , Fan Cun-dong
Published: March 2019

The Article contains an error in Fig. 2a. Two images in Fig. 2a (control group and ATX-treated group) were inadvertently duplicated. The control group and ATX-treated group both showed no significant cell apoptosis, the experimenter misunderstood that the same image should be used. (Note: A similar error by the same experimenter was also found in Fig. 2c in another publication "Natural borneol is a novel chemosensitizer that enhances temozolomide-induced anticancer efficiency against human glioma by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxide species-mediated oxidative damage”, 10.2147/OTT.S174498.