bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Prediction of Path Loss for Mobile Communication Lines in Nasarawa State Using Propagation Models
Authors: Yusuf Samson Dauda , Mohammed Kabiru Osu , Loko Abdulmumini Zubairu
Published: October 2024

The design of future-generation mobile communication systems depends critically on the path loss prediction methods and their suitability to various signal propagation regions. Even though 5G has been launched in Nigeria, its deployment still faces significant challenges especially in the suburban, and non-urban regions which still depends on 4G. Many operators are still in the process of upgrading their existing 4G networks to support network coverage and higher speed data throughput. Due to the unique mix of Nasarawa State with diverse terrains, in this study, path loss prediction for the key telecommunication networks in Nasarawa State was carried out using Signal Strength Info App. Data was collected for a period of eight weeks (August, 2nd to September, 4th 2023) focusing on 4G LTE networks operating within the 1800 MHz frequency band. Analysis of path loss using empirical models such as Hata, Egli, and COST-231 Hata models were compared with the measured path loss in different terrains of urban, sub-urban, and non-urban environments. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analysis was carried out between empirical and measured path losses. Results shows that, the order of mean predicted path loss at 5km was free space model (BN>CN>DN.AN), Hata model (DN>BN>CN>AN), Cos-231 Hata model (CN>AN>BN>DN), and Egli model (AN>BN>DN>CN). Hate model predicted the highest path loss values while Egli model predicted the lowest values. Overall, Egli model is found to be the most reliable and suitable path loss prediction model for entire Nasarawa State with RMSE value 5.99dBm, 2.90dBm and 3.14dBm for Nasarawa, Keffi and Akwanga LGA respectively. However, Cost-231 Hata model with RMSE value of 5.71dBm is suitable for path loss prediction in Karu due to its irregular terrain. The findings of this study are significant for practical applications in network planning, base station coverage, frequency allocation, and signal strength management, ensuring optimal mobile network performance across various terrains.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Susmitha P. , Rajesh A. Prasanna , Sekhar M. Reddi , Umar Sk. Nafeez
Published: October 2024

The present study was carried out with thirty advanced breeding lines of groundnut for estimation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the studied characters indicating that there is substantial variability among the genotypes for these traits. High estimates of GCV and PCV was observed for pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, dry haulm yield per plant and number of mature pods per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, dry haulm yield per plant, number of immature pods per plant, plant height, harvest index and hundred kernel weight indicating the preponderance of additive gene action in expression of these traits and hence simple phenotypic selection would be effective for improvement of these characters.
Experience Debriefed
Authors: Greenaway Roger
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes debriefing or reflective learning practices that help ensure that real‐life experiences of potential value will (in Dewey's words) “live fruitfully and creatively in subsequent experiences.”
Au/AgI Dimeric Nanoparticles for Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Zeng Jingbin , Li Min , Liu Ao , Feng Fan , Zeng Teng , Duan Wei , Li Mengmeng , Gong Mingfu , Wen Cong‐Ying , Yin Yadong
Published: April 2018

The development of Au/AgI dimeric nanoparticles (NPs) is reported for highly selective colorimetric detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The detection mechanism is designed by taking advantage of the chemical transformation of AgI to Ag2S upon reacting with sulfide, which leads to a shift in the plasmonic band of the attached Au NPs. The plasmonic shift is accompanied by a color change of the solution from purplish red to blue and finally to light green depending on the concentration of sulfide, thus enables a naked‐eye readout and UV–vis quantitation of the sulfide exposure. The Au/AgI dimeric NPs are further immobilized in agarose gels to produce test strips, which can be used for both naked‐eye readout and quantitative detection of sulfide using UV–vis spectroscopy thanks to its transparency in the visible region. Compared to commercial Pb(Ac)2 test papers, the agarose gel strip has superior performance for detecting sulfide in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and fidelity. The agarose gel is also capable of detecting gaseous H2S at important concentration thresholds, suggesting its practicability in real life applications. The potential of agarose gels is further highlighted by its ability in the enrichment and colorimetric detection of gaseous H2S released during cell cultivation.
Superstretchable, Self‐Healing Polymeric Elastomers with Tunable Properties
Authors: Cao Peng‐Fei , Li Bingrui , Hong Tao , Townsend Jacob , Qiang Zhe , Xing Kunyue , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D. , Wang Yangyang , Mays Jimmy W. , Sokolov Alexei P. , Saito Tomonori
Published: April 2018

Utilization of self‐healing chemistry to develop synthetic polymer materials that can heal themselves with restored mechanical performance and functionality is of great interest. Self‐healable polymer elastomers with tunable mechanical properties are especially attractive for a variety of applications. Herein, a series of urea functionalized poly(dimethyl siloxane)‐based elastomers (U‐PDMS‐Es) are reported with extremely high stretchability, self‐healing mechanical properties, and recoverable gas‐separation performance. Tailoring the molecular weights of poly(dimethyl siloxane) or weight ratio of elastic cross‐linker offers tunable mechanical properties of the obtained U‐PDMS‐Es, such as ultimate elongation (from 984% to 5600%), Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, toughness, and elastic recovery. The U‐PDMS‐Es can serve as excellent acoustic and vibration damping materials over a broad range of temperature (over 100 °C). The strain‐dependent elastic recovery behavior of U‐PDMS‐Es is also studied. After mechanical damage, the U‐PDMS‐Es can be healed in 120 min at ambient temperature or in 20 min at 40 °C with completely restored mechanical performance. The U‐PDMS‐Es are also demonstrated to exhibit recoverable gas‐separation functionality with retained permeability/selectivity after being damaged.
New Ordered Structure of Amorphous Carbon Clusters Induced by Fullerene–Cubane Reactions
Authors: Du Mingrun , Yao Mingguang , Dong JiaJun , Ge Peng , Dong Qing , Kováts Éva , Pekker Sándor , Chen Shuanglong , Liu Ran , Liu Bo , Cui Tian , Sundqvist Bertil , Liu Bingbing
Published: April 2018

As a new category of solids, crystalline materials constructed with amorphous building blocks expand the structure categorization of solids, for which designing such new structures and understanding the corresponding formation mechanisms are fundamentally important. Unlike previous reports, new amorphous carbon clusters constructed ordered carbon phases are found here by compressing C8H8/C60 cocrystals, in which the highly energetic cubane (C8H8) exhibits unusual roles as to the structure formation and transformations under pressure. The significant role of C8H8 is to stabilize the boundary interactions of the highly compressed or collapsed C60 clusters which preserves their long‐range ordered arrangement up to 45 GPa. With increasing time at high pressure, the gradual random bonding between C8H8 and carbon clusters, due to “energy release” of highly compressed cubane, leads to the loss of the ability of C8H8 to stabilize the carbon cluster arrangement. Thus a transition from short‐range disorder to long‐range disorder (amorphization) occurs in the formed material. The spontaneous bonding reconstruction most likely results in a 3D network in the material, which can create ring cracks on diamond anvils.
Iodine‐Promoted Rapid Construction of Carbamoylphosphonates from Phosphinecarboxamides
Authors: Wu Yong‐Hui , Wu Qiu‐Li , Wang Wen‐Peng , Wang Xi‐Cun , Quan Zheng‐Jun
Published: April 2018

A one‐step, I2‐promoted P−H phosphorylation and oxygenation of phosphinecarboxamides to give carbamoylphosphonates was achieved. This transformation exhibits exceptional substrate generality and functional group compatibility and affords good to excellent yields of the desired phosphonates. Notably, cyclic carbamoylphosphonates can be obtained from diols. The mechanism was investigated using IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.

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Solution‐reprocessable microporous polymeric adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Wang Yuxiang , Wang Xuerui , Zhai Linzhi , Zhao Dan
Published: April 2018

Solution‐processable microporous polymers are promising materials for CO2 capture because of their low synthetic cost and high processability. In this work, we for the first time systematically evaluate the feasibility of two microporous polymers, namely PIM‐1 and its hydrolyzed form hPIM‐1, as adsorbent materials for postcombustion CO2 capture. By conducting ternary CO2/N2/H2O breakthrough experiments, PIM‐1 demonstrates several promising features: moderate CO2 working capacity, low water vapor uptake capacity, good moisture resistance, and easy regeneration process. In addition, we have pioneeringly studied the multiple‐cycle CO2 adsorption–desorption induced relaxation effect on soft PIM‐1 polymers. Through a simple dissolution–precipitation approach, PIM‐1 can restore its BET surface area, CO2 uptake capacity, and pore‐size distribution. The solution reprocessability of PIM‐1 demonstrated in this study distinguishes it from other rigid adsorbents and thus offers a new insight for the future design of economically‐viable and facilely regenerable adsorbents. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3376–3389, 2018
The prognostic value of monosomal karyotype (MK) in higher‐risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with 5‐Azacitidine: A retrospective analysis of the Hellenic (Greek) Myelodysplastic syndromes Study Group
Authors: Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Vasilatou Diamantina , Kontos Christos K. , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Symeonidis Argiris , Galanopoulos Athanasios G. , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Megalakaki Aekaterini , Poulakidas Elias , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Zikos Panagiotis , Papadaki Helen , Mparmparousi Despoina , Bouronikou Eleni , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Viniou Nora‐Athina , Pappa Vassiliki
Published: April 2018

In this study, we investigated the incidence and prognostic impact of monosomal karyotype (MK) in 405 higher‐risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) patients treated with 5‐AZA. The MK was present in 66 out of 405 (16.3%) patients, most of whom had complex karyotype (CK). MK was strongly associated with CK and the cytogenetic risk defined according to IPSS‐R, as well as with high‐risk disease, according to IPSS (P = .029), IPSS‐R (P < .001), and WPSS (P < .001) classification systems. The overall response rate (ORR) was not different between MK+ and MK– patients (46.6% vs. 46.2%). At 28 months median follow‐up, the median duration of response was 11 months in the entire cohort, 9.5 months in MK+ patients and 11 months in MK‐patients (P = .024). The estimated median time to transformation to acute myeloid leukemia for MK+ patients was 17 months vs. 23 months for MK– patients (P = .025). The estimated median OS for MK+ patients was 12 months vs. 18 months for MK– patients (P < .001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that performance status (P < .001), IPSS‐R (P < .001), and MK (P = .002) were independently associated with overall survival (OS). In a subgroup consisting of high and very‐high risk patients according to IPSS‐R, MK– patients showed better OS rates compared to MK+ patients (estimated median OS: 17 months vs. 12 months, P = .002). In conclusion, we found that MK is associated with reduced OS in patients with higher‐risk MDS treated with 5‐AZA. Furthermore, we showed that in MDS with high or very‐high IPSS‐R risk score, MK can further distinguish patients with worse outcome.
Site‐Selective C−H Bond Functionalization of Chromones and Coumarins
Authors: Kang Dahye , Ahn Kukcheol , Hong Sungwoo
Published: April 2018

Chromones and coumarins are privileged scaffolds that are widely distributed in natural products, synthetic building blocks, pharmaceutical agents, and functional materials. Chromones and coumarins have chemically distinct C−H bonds that can be converted into valuable functional groups for the purpose of constructing compounds with diverse pharmacological profiles. Recent advances in the development of methods and an understanding of the innate electronic properties of chromones and coumarins have led to approaches that provide high levels of site‐selectivity. This focus review highlights recent innovative strategies for the efficient modification of these structural frameworks through site‐selective C−H bond functionalizations.
Application of Taguchi Method in the Enzymatic Modification of Menhaden Oil to Incorporate Capric Acid
Authors: Willett Sarah A. , Akoh Casimir C.
Published: April 2018

Structured lipids (SL) were produced using menhaden oil and capric acid or ethyl caprate as the substrate. Enzymatic reaction conditions were optimized using the Taguchi method L9 orthogonal array with three substrate molar ratio levels of capric acid or ethyl caprate to menhaden oil (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), three enzyme load levels (5, 10, and 15% [w/w]), three temperature levels (40, 50, and 60 °C), and three reaction times (12, 24, 36 hours). Recombinant lipase from Candida antarctica, Lipozyme® 435, and sn‐1,3 specific Rhizomucor miehei lipase, Lipozyme® RM IM (Novozymes North America, Inc., Franklinton, NC, USA), were used as biocatalysts in both acidolysis and interesterification reactions. Total and sn‐2 fatty acid compositions, triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species, thermal behavior, and oxidative stability were compared. Optimal conditions for all reactions were 3:1 substrate molar ratio, 10% [w/w] enzyme load, 60 °C, and 16 hours reaction time. Reactions with ethyl caprate incorporated significantly more C10:0, at 30.76 ± 1.15 and 28.63 ± 2.37 mol% versus 19.50 ± 1.06 and 9.81 ± 1.51 mol%, respectively, for both Lipozyme® 435 and Lipozyme® RM IM, respectively. Reactions with ethyl caprate as substrate and Lipozyme® 435 as biocatalyst produced more of the desired medium‐long‐medium (MLM)‐type TAGs with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at sn‐2 and C10:0 at sn‐1,3 positions.
Spinal Accessory Motor Neurons in the Mouse: A Special Type of Branchial Motor Neuron?
Authors: Watson Charles , Tvrdik Petr
Published: April 2018

The spinal accessory nerve arises from motor neurons in the upper cervical spinal cord. The axons of these motor neurons exit dorsal to the ligamentum denticulatum and form the spinal accessory nerve. The nerve ascends in the spinal subarachnoid space to enter the posterior cranial fossa through the foramen magnum. The spinal accessory nerve then turns caudally to exit through the jugular foramen alongside the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, and then travels to supply the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles in the neck. The unusual course of the spinal accessory nerve has long prompted speculation that it is not a typical spinal motor nerve and that it might represent a caudal remnant of the branchial motor system. Our cell lineage tracing data, combined with images from public databases, show that the spinal accessory motor neurons in the mouse transiently express Phox2b, a transcription factor that is required for development of brain stem branchial motor nuclei. While this is strong prima facie evidence that the spinal accessory motor neurons should be classified as branchial motor, the evolutionary history of these motor neurons in anamniote vertebrates suggests that they may be considered to be an atypical branchial group that possesses both branchial and somatic characteristics. Anat Rec, 302:505–511, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracranial Course of the Facial Nerve Revisited
Authors: Martínez Pascual Paula , Maranillo Eva , Vázquez Teresa , Simon de Blas Clara , Lasso Jose Maria , Sañudo José Ramón
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The extrapetrous course of the facial nerve has been a matter of study and debate since XIX century. Two different classifications have been classically proposed and widely accepted by most of the authors. Nevertheless, there are reported cases which do not fit in any of those. The aim of this study is to propose a new and useful classification. Material and methods: We have used 23 embalmed Caucasian adult cadavers (11 male and 12 female) belonging to the Bodies Donation and Dissecting Rooms Centre of the University Complutense of Madrid. The extra‐petrous facial nerve was dissected in the possible specimens resulting in 38 facial nerves. The studied parameters were length, diameter of divisions, terminal branches, and nerve connections. Results: In every specimen two main divisions were found, temporofacial and cervicofacial. They divided into five terminal branches from cranial to caudal: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal or mandibular, and cervical. Based on the comparison with previous proposed classifications, we have unified the patterns in 12 types being the most frequent types the type 3 (eight cases, 21.05%), with connections between temporal, zygomatic and buccal branches and the type 8 (eight cases, 21.05%), a complex network between temporal, zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular branches. The number of terminal branches was so variable. Conclusion: We propose a new 12‐patterned classification which summarizes the previous ones. However, we consider that a good study of the number of terminal branches, connections between branches or with other cranial nerves are more useful for surgeons to avoid injuries to the facial nerve during surgery than complex classifications. Anat Rec, 302:599–608, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of metabolic properties and effects of 17β‐carboxamide glucocorticoids on human peripheral blood leukocytes
Authors: Dobričić Vladimir , Drvenica Ivana , Stančić Ana , Mihailović Marija , Čudina Olivera , Bugarski Diana , Ilić Vesna
Published: April 2018

The biological activity of three previously synthesized 17β‐carboxamide glucocorticoids (BG, BEG, and MPEA) was tested in vitro on mitogen stimulated and non‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) and granulocytes from human healthy donors, and the results were compared to the conventional glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The tested 17β‐carboxamide glucocorticoids did not induce decreases in MNC viability and proliferation, while modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in granulocytes was dependent on the cell donor. The obtained results indicate the possibility of avoidance of strong lymphocyte suppression, which is generally recognized during administration of conventional glucocorticoids. Furthermore, the metabolism of the tested derivatives was predicted in silico. The predicted metabolites were synthesized and the in silico results were confirmed by in vitro evaluation of the metabolism of BG, BEG, and MPEA in human serum and in cultures of peripheral blood MNCs. The results of the biological activity and metabolism evaluation and of previous in vivo evaluations of biological activity indicate the soft drug nature of BG, BEG, and MPEA. In order to be fully considered as soft glucocorticoids, further investigations on the toxicity and activity of the formed metabolites are required.
Breaking with Tradition: A Scoping Meta‐Analysis Analyzing the Effects of Student‐Centered Learning and Computer‐Aided Instruction on Student Performance in Anatomy
Authors: Wilson Adam B. , Brown Kirsten M. , Misch Jonathan , Miller Corinne H. , Klein Barbie A. , Taylor Melissa A. , Goodwin Michael , Boyle Eve K. , Hoppe Chantal , Lazarus Michelle D.
Published: April 2018

While prior meta‐analyses in anatomy education have explored the effects of laboratory pedagogies and histology media on learner performance, the effects of student‐centered learning (SCL) and computer‐aided instruction (CAI) have not been broadly evaluated. This research sought to answer the question, “How effective are student‐centered pedagogies and CAI at increasing student knowledge gains in anatomy compared to traditional didactic approaches?” Relevant studies published within the past 51 years were searched using five databases. Predetermined eligibility criteria were applied to the screening of titles and abstracts to discern their appropriateness for study inclusion. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of SCL and CAI on anatomy performance outcomes. A moderator analysis of study features was also performed. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full‐text review. Seven studies, which comprised 1,564 participants, were included in the SCL analysis. An additional 19 studies analyzed the effects of CAI in the context of 2,570 participants. Upon comparing SCL to traditional instruction, a small positive effect on learner performance was detected (standardized mean difference (SMD = 0.24; [CI = 0.07, 0.42]; P = 0.006). Likewise, students with CAI exposure moderately outscored those with limited or no access to CAI (SMD = 0.59; [CI = 0.20, 0.98]; P = 0.003). Further analysis of CAI studies identified effects (P ≤ 0.001) for learner population, publication period, interventional approach, and intervention frequency. Overall, learners exposed to SCL and supplemental CAI outperformed their more classically‐trained peers as evidenced by increases in short‐term knowledge gains. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
Improving Academic Performance of Sport and Exercise Science Undergraduate Students in Gross Anatomy Using a Near‐Peer Teaching Program
Authors: Viana Ricardo Borges , Campos Mário Hebling , Santos Douglas de Assis Teles , Xavier Isabela Cristina Maioni , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Andrade Marília Santos , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa
Published: April 2018

Peer and near‐peer teaching programs are common in medical undergraduate courses. However, there are no studies that have investigated the effectiveness of a near‐peer teaching program on the academic performance of undergraduate students pursuing sport and exercise science coursework. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of such a program for students who participated in a course on the functional anatomy of the locomotor apparatus. A total of 39 student participants were divided into two groups: students in one group voluntarily attended at least one session of a near‐peer teaching program, and students in the other group attended no sessions. The final grade (range 0–100%) was recorded and used as an indicator of academic performance. The final grade of students who attended the near‐peer teaching program (69.5 ± 16.0%) was 38.7% higher (P = 0.002, d = 1.06) than those who did not (50.1 ± 20.4%). When the academic performance of the same students was evaluated in another course (exercise physiology) that did not offer a near‐peer teaching program, there were no significant differences between the groups (students who attended or did not attend the near‐peer teaching program). A significant positive association was found between near‐peer teaching program frequency and the number of students approved and not approved in the course (P = 0.041). A significant difference (P = 0.001) was found in the attendance at regular classes between the group who participated in the near‐peer teaching program (median: 62 hours; IQR [interquartile ranges]: 4.0 hours) and those who did not (median: 58 hours; IQR: 4.0 hours). Gender was not a moderating factor on academic performance or near‐peer teaching program attendance. These results highlight the effectiveness of a near‐peer teaching program on the academic performance of students from a sport and exercise science degree program while enrolled in an anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
Dissecting through Barriers: A Follow‐up Study on the Long‐Term Effects of Interprofessional Education in a Dissection Course with Healthcare Professional Students
Authors: Zheng Yu Hang (Eric) , Palombella Andrew , Salfi Jenn , Wainman Bruce
Published: April 2018

Several studies have shown significant improvements in the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professional students toward interprofessional education (IPE) immediately following intervention with IPE courses. However, there remains little evidence on the lasting effects of IPE courses and the long‐term influences of these IPE experiences are poorly documented. The purpose of this study is to assess the long‐term effects of an intensive, ten‐week interprofessional gross anatomy dissection course at McMaster University. Attitudes and perceptions of past participants towards interprofessional learning were evaluated, now that they have started working with other healthcare professionals outside of the IPE course setting. Thirty‐four past participants who have clinical experience working in interprofessional settings or are currently working in the healthcare field completed a follow‐up questionnaire consisting of a modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and open‐ended questions. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in their attitude towards teamwork and collaboration and respect for other health professions, but a significant improvement in their understanding of roles and responsibilities compared to their results immediately after the IPE intervention. Qualitative analysis of open‐ended questions revealed several themes such as developing interprofessional competencies, developing relationships, and remembering the strengths of the IPE dissection course. The results of this study indicate that the IPE experience in anatomy was highly valued by the students and that past participants maintain a clear understanding of their scope of practice, but the reality of clinical practice may have eroded gains made in the program. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
2‐(4′‐Pyridyl‐N‐oxide)‐Substituted Hemithioindigos as Photoresponsive Guests for a Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrrole Receptor
Authors: Moncelsi Giulia , Escobar Luis , Dube Henry , Ballester Pablo
Published: April 2018

We report the synthesis of two 2‐(4′‐pyridyl‐N‐oxide)‐substituted hemithioindigos (HTIs). We probed their photoisomerization by using UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques. Light irradiation at λ=450 nm provoked the isomerization of the HTI Z isomer to the E counterpart to a large extent (≈80 % at the photostationary state). 1H NMR titration experiments revealed the formation of thermodynamically and kinetically stable 1:1 inclusion complexes of the (Z)‐HTI isomers with a super aryl‐extended host (association constant>104 m−1). Photoirradiation at λ=450 nm of the inclusion complexes induced the isomerization of the bound HTI N‐oxide to afford the (E)‐HTI⊂calix[4]pyrrole complex. We determined accurate association constant values for the 1:1 inclusion complexes of the (Z)‐ and (E)‐HTI isomers by using isothermal titration calorimetry experiments. The results showed that the stability constants of the (E)‐HTI complexes were 2.2–2.8‐fold lower than those of the (Z)‐HTI counterparts, which explains the lack of light‐induced release of the former to the bulk solution.
Spundwandbaugruben mit großformatigen Rohrdurchführungen
Authors: Helfers Björn , Voigt Carsten
Published: April 2018

Der Fluss Ahse wird im Bereich des Kurparks Hamm durch einen Düker unter dem Datteln‐Hamm‐Kanal (DHK) geführt und mündet direkt im Anschluss in die Lippe. Die Dükeranlage befindet sich im Eigentum der Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV). Aufgrund des hohen Bauwerksalters kann die Prüfung des Gesamtbauwerks nicht mehr stattfinden, da ein Trockenlegungs‐ und Betretungsverbot angeordnet wurde. Eine gefahrlose Begehung zum Zweck der Bauwerksprüfung ist nicht mehr möglich. Der Ersatz der Dükeranlage liegt im Wohl der Allgemeinheit, da der bestehende Düker aufgrund von Ablagerungen nicht mehr zweifelsfrei imstande ist, die Abflussmengen im Hochwasserfall abzuführen. Ein schadloser Wasserabfluss der Ahse, insbesondere der Hochwasserabfluss, ist durch einen zeitnahen Ersatzneubau zu gewährleisten. Der Bau des Dükers an gleicher Lage kann nicht ausgeführt werden, da in dem Fall während der Bauzeit kein Abfluss der Ahse zur Lippe gegeben ist. Ein vorübergehendes Einleiten der Ahse in den DHK ist nicht möglich, da unterschiedliche Wasserabflüsse zu hohen Wasserständen im Kanal führen. Aus diesen Gründen ist der Neubau mit einem Abstand von 60 m zum bestehenden Bauwerk geplant, um zu verhindern, dass Erschütterungen beim Neubau zu Beschädigungen des vorhandenen Dükers führen.
Lyso‐DGTS lipid isolated from microalgae enhances PON1 activities in vitro and in vivo, increases PON1 penetration into macrophages and decreases cellular lipid accumulation
Authors: Dahli Loureen , Atrahimovich Dana , Vaya Jacob , Khatib Soliman
Published: April 2018

High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is mostly associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Increasing PON1 activity using nutrients might improve HDL function and quality and thus, decrease atherosclerotic risk. We previously isolated and identified a novel active compound, lyso‐DGTS (C20:5,0) from Nannochloropsis sp. ethanol extract. In the present study, its effect on PON1 activities was examined and the mechanism by which the compound affects PON1 activity was explored. Lyso‐DGTS elevated recombinant PON1 (rePON1) lactonase and esterase activities in a dose‐ and time‐responsive manner, and further stabilized and preserved rePON1 lactonase activity. Incubation of lyso‐DGTS with human serum for 4 h at 37 °C also increased PON1 lactonase activity in a dose‐responsive manner. Using tryptophan‐fluorescence‐quenching assay, lyso‐DGTS was found to interact with rePON1 spontaneously with negative free energy (ΔG = −22.87 kJ mol−1 at 25 °C). Thermodynamic parameters and molecular modeling calculations showed that the main interaction of lyso‐DGTS with the enzyme is through a hydrogen bond with supporting van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, lyso‐DGTS significantly increased rePON1 influx into macrophages and prevented lipid accumulation in macrophages stimulated with oxidized low‐density lipid dose‐dependently. In vivo supplementation of lyso‐DGTS to the circulation of mice fed a high‐fat diet via osmotic mini‐pumps implanted subcutaneously significantly increased serum PON1 lactonase activity and decreased serum glucose concentrations to the level of mice fed a normal diet. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso‐DGTS on increasing PON1 activity and thus, improving HDL quality and atherosclerotic risk factors. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):299–310, 2018
Tested and reported executive problems in children and youth epilepsy
Authors: Hessen Erik , Alfstad Kristin Å. , Torgersen Halvor , Lossius Morten I.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

Executive problems in children and youth with epilepsy influence their ability to handle important aspects of daily life activities. The present study sought to explore factors associated with executive problems for patients with epilepsy in this age group.

Methods

The cohort consisted of 97 consecutive patients at the National Centre for Epilepsy in Norway, aged 10–19 years, with focal or genetic generalized epilepsy. All underwent tests of executive functions (D‐KEFS), the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function (BRIEF), and screening for psychiatric symptoms, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results

Parent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction (BRIEF, Metacognitive Index) was the strongest independent predictor for tested executive dysfunction and vice versa. Furthermore, male gender correlated strongest with parent‐reported behavioral regulation problems (BRIEF, Behavioral Regulation Index) along with borderline/pathological score on the SDQ and parent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction.

Conclusions

A strong association between parent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction and tested executive dysfunction was found. Male gender correlated strongest with parent‐reported behavioral regulation problems. The latter was probably related to a higher frequency of symptoms associated with psychopathology among the boys than the girls. The frequency of executive deficits according to the different modes of measurement varied from 16% to 43%, suggesting that they capture different aspects of behavior under the executive umbrella.
Regulating mobile mental health apps
Authors: Terry Nicolas P. , Gunter Tracy D.
Published: April 2018

Mobile medical apps (MMAs) are a fast‐growing category of software typically installed on personal smartphones and wearable devices. A subset of MMAs are aimed at helping consumers identify mental states and/or mental illnesses. Although this is a fledgling domain, there are already enough extant mental health MMAs both to suggest a typology and to detail some of the regulatory issues they pose. As to the former, the current generation of apps includes those that facilitate self‐assessment or self‐help, connect patients with online support groups, connect patients with therapists, or predict mental health issues. Regulatory concerns with these apps include their quality, safety, and data protection. Unfortunately, the regulatory frameworks that apply have failed to provide coherent risk‐assessment models. As a result, prudent providers will need to progress with caution when it comes to recommending apps to patients or relying on app‐generated data to guide treatment.
Characteristics and treatment of internet child pornography offenders
Authors: Ly Thanh , Dwyer R. Gregg , Fedoroff J. Paul
Published: April 2018

In the realm of sexual offenses, there has been a decrease in hands‐on offenses, but an increase in online offenses against children. The current issue is whether online and offline sexual offenders are alike or differ. This literature review investigates the differences among individuals who have committed child pornography offenses, individuals who have committed contact offenses against children, and individuals who have committed both. This review discusses the various typologies that have been proposed of those who have committed online offenses against children, the diagnostic implications of having committed child pornography offenses, and the current state of treatment and prevention of individuals who have committed online sex offenses against children. The studies examined were found from psychology databases, listserv links, and references of those collected articles. Only articles in English were included in the review. Overall, Internet child pornography offenders (ICPOs) tend to score significantly differently from contact offenders on various psychological measures. These findings may imply that ICPOs have different treatment needs than contact offenders.
Strategy to targeting the immune resistance and novel therapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Gang Wang , Wang Jun‐Jie , Guan Rui , Yan Sun , Shi Feng , Zhang Jia‐Yan , Li Zi‐Meng , Gao Jing , Fu Xing‐Li
Published: April 2018

Assessing the CRC subtypes that can predict the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with immunogenicity seems to be a promising strategy to develop new drugs that target the antitumoral immune response. In particular, the disinhibition of the antitumoral T‐cell response by immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable therapeutic promise for patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient CRC. In this review, the authors provide the update of the molecular features and immunogenicity of CRC, discuss the role of possible predictive biomarkers, illustrate the modern immunotherapeutic approaches, and introduce the most relevant ongoing preclinical study and clinical trials such as the use of the combination therapy with immunotherapy. Furthermore, this work is further to understand the complex interactions between the immune surveillance and develop resistance in tumor cells. As expected, if the promise of these developments is fulfilled, it could develop the effective therapeutic strategies and novel combinations to overcome immune resistance and enhance effector responses, which guide clinicians toward a more “personalized” treatment for advanced CRC patients.
Combination of anginex gene therapy and radiation decelerates the growth and pulmonary metastasis of human osteosarcoma xenografts
Authors: Zhao Kai , Yang Shang‐You , Geng Jun , Gong Xuan , Gong Weiming , Shen Lin , Ning Bin
Published: April 2018

Investigate whether rAAV‐anginex gene therapy combined with radiotherapy could decrease growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice and examine the mechanisms involved in this therapeutic strategy. During in vitro experiment, multiple treatment regimes (rAAV‐eGFP, radiotherapy, rAAV‐anginex, combination therapy) were applied to determine effects on proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and G‐292 osteosarcoma cells. During in vivo analysis, the same multiple treatment regimes were applied to osteosarcoma tumor‐bearing mice. Use microcomputed tomography to evaluate tumor size. Eight weeks after tumor cell inoculation, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy according to microvessel density (MVD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Metastasis of lungs was also evaluated by measuring number of metastatic nodules and wet weight of metastases. The proliferation of ECs and the tumor volumes in combination therapy group were inhibited more effectively than the other three groups at end point (P < 0.05). Cell clone assay showed anginex had radiosensitization effect on ECs. Immunohistochemistry showed tumors from mice treated with combination therapy exhibited the lowest MVD and proliferation rate, with highest apoptosis rate, as confirmed by IHC staining for CD34 and PCNA and TUNEL assays (P < 0.05). Combination therapy also induced the fewest metastatic nodules and lowest wet weights of the lungs (P < 0.05). rAAV‐anginex combined with radiotherapy induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibited tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis on the experimental osteosarcoma models. We conclude that the primary mechanism of this process may be due to sensitizing effect of anginex to radiotherapy.
miR‐541 suppresses proliferation and invasion of squamous cell lung carcinoma cell lines via directly targeting high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2
Authors: Xu Li , Du Bin , Lu Qi‐Jue , Fan Xiao‐Wen , Tang Ke , Yang Lie , Liao Wei‐Lin
Published: April 2018

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that micro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important tumor suppressors during carcinogenesis. However, the function of miRNA‐541 (miR‐541) in malignancies, especially lung cancer, has not been widely reported. In this study, miR‐541 expression was significantly decreased in squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cancerous tissue and SCLC cell lines. To analyze miR‐541 function in SCLC, we overexpressed miR‐541 in SCLC cell lines (SK‐MES‐1 and H226). According to the CCK8, wound scratch, and transwell invasion assay results, miR‐541 overexpression significantly inhibited SCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Next, using RT‐PCR, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and luciferase assays, HMGA2 was identified, for the first time, as a direct regulatory target of miR‐541 in SK‐MES‐1 and H226 cells. Furthermore, upregulating HMGA2 expression significantly alleviated the suppressive effects of miR‐541 on SK‐MES‐1 and H226 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In summary, our study revealed that miR‐541 inhibited SCLC proliferation and invasion by directly targeting HMGA2.
Iridoids from Pedicularis verticillata and Their Anti‐Complementary Activity
Authors: Shao Ming‐Hui , Dai Wei , Yuan Si‐Wen , Lu Yan , Chen Dao‐Feng , Wang Qi
Published: April 2018

Three new iridoids named as pediverticilatasin A – C (1 – 3, resp.), together with five known iridoids (4 – 8, resp.) were isolated from the whole plants of Pedicularis verticillata. The structures of three new compounds were identified as (1S,7R)‐1‐ethoxy‐1,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐7‐methylcyclopenta[c]pyran‐4(3H)‐one (1), (1S,4aS,7R,7aS)‐1‐ethoxy‐1,4a,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐7‐methylcyclopenta[c]pyran‐4‐carboxylic acid (2), (1S,4aS,7R,7aS)‐1‐ethoxy‐1,4a,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐7‐methylcyclopenta[c]pyran‐4‐carbaldehyde (3). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and compared with the NMR spectra data in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their anti‐complementary activity on the classical pathway of the complement system in vitro. Among which, compounds 1, 3, and 6 exhibited anti‐complementary effects with CH50 values ranging from 0.43 to 1.72 mm, which are plausible candidates for developing potent anti‐complementary agents.
Hypoxia induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocyte GC‐2 cells through activation of autophagy
Authors: Zhou Jian , Qian Chun‐Ya , Tong Rui‐Qing , Wang Bin , Chen Xue‐Lei , Zhuang Yan‐Yan , Xia Fei , He Qi , Lv Jin‐Xing
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of GC‐2spd (GC‐2) cells. The GC‐2 cells were treated with or without hypoxia for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Apoptosis of GC‐2 cells was detected using TUNEL and flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopic was used to observe the autophagy of GC‐2 cells. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), apoptosis‐related protein and marker protein of autophagy levels were measured by Western blotting. Hypoxia induced apoptosis and autophagy of GC‐2 cells, and increased expression of HIF‐1α, LC3‐II, Beclin‐1, and pro‐apoptotic protein, but reduced p62 and anti‐apoptotic protein level. Meanwhile, hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α mediated expression of apoptosis and autophagy‐related protein in GC‐2 cell. Furthermore, autophagy regulated hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of GC‐2 cell. Our data suggest that hypoxia induces apoptosis of GC‐2 cell by activation of autophagy involving activation of the apoptosis signaling pathway under the hypoxic condition.
Borax Crystallization Kinetics in a Pitched‐Blade Turbine/Straight‐Blade Turbine Dual‐Impeller Crystallizer
Authors: Čelan Antonija , Ćosić Marija , Kuzmanić Nenad
Published: April 2018

The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on crystallization kinetics and properties of borax crystals obtained in a dual‐impeller batch cooling crystallizer was investigated. The two impellers used, i.e., pitched‐ and straight‐blade turbines, were mounted on the same shaft. Hydrodynamics was analyzed by means of the mixing time values and specific fluid flow patterns generated. Results indicate that wider metastable zones were generally observed at impeller positions characterized by longer mixing times. In those cases, the growth rate constants were lower, resulting in a formation of smaller but more regularly shaped crystals. These findings imply that the dual‐impeller position should be taken into account in order to produce crystals of desired characteristics.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Initial Biological Evaluation of [99mTc]Tc‐Tricarbonyl‐labeled DPA‐α‐MSH Peptide Derivatives for Potential Melanoma Imaging
Authors: Gao Feng , Sihver Wiebke , Bergmann Ralf , Belter Birgit , Bolzati Cristina , Salvarese Nicola , Steinbach Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Pietzsch Hans‐Jürgen
Published: April 2018

α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) derivatives target the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) specifically and selectively. In this study, the α‐MSH‐derived peptide NAP‐NS1 (Nle‐Asp‐His‐d‐Phe‐Arg‐Trp‐Gly‐NH2) with and without linkers was conjugated with 5‐(bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)pentanoic acid (DPA‐COOH) and labeled with [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl by two methods. With the one‐pot method the labeling was faster than with the two‐pot method, while obtaining similarly high yields. Negligible trans‐chelation and high stability in physiological solutions was determined for the [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl–peptide conjugates. Coupling an ethylene glycol (EG)‐based linker increased the hydrophilicity. The peptide derivatives displayed high binding affinity in murine B16F10 melanoma cells as well as in human MeWo and TXM13 melanoma cell homogenates. Preliminary in vivo studies with one of the [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl–peptide conjugates showed good stability in blood and both renal and hepatobiliary excretion. Biodistribution was performed on healthy rats to gain initial insight into the potential relevance of the 99mTc‐labeled peptides for in vivo imaging.
Moray micro forceps biopsy improves the diagnosis of specific pancreatic cysts
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa , Arpin Ronald N. , Brugge William R. , Forcione David G. , Basar Omer , Pitman Martha B.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Making a specific diagnosis of pancreatic cysts preoperatively is difficult. The new disposable Moray micro forceps biopsy (MFB) device allows tissue sampling from the pancreatic cyst wall/septum and aims to improve diagnosis. This study compares the diagnostic performance of the MFB with the current conventional analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF).

METHODS

A total of 48 patients sampled with MFB were identified. Cysts were classified as mucinous on PCF based on extracellular mucin/mucinous epithelium, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels ≥192 ng/mL, or KRAS/GNAS mutation. A diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm was supported by GNAS mutation; a diagnosis of serous cystadenoma was supported by Von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) mutation. A diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasm required the presence of subepithelial ovarian‐type stroma. A high‐risk cyst was defined as a mucinous cyst with high‐grade dysplasia or an adenocarcinoma. Comparisons in diagnostic performance between PCF and MFB were made.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 69.6 years (range, 27‐90 years); 25 of 48 patients (52.1%) were female. Cysts were in the pancreatic head (13 patients), neck (2 patients), body (20 patients), and tail (13 patients), averaging 3.1 cm (range, 1.2‐6.0 cm). There was concordance with mucinous versus nonmucinous classification (60.4% for PCF vs 58.3% for MFB; P = .949). Three high‐risk cysts were detected by PCF and 2 were detected by MFB (P = .670). However, MFB diagnosed significantly more specific cysts compared with PCF (50.0% for MFB vs 18.8% for PCF; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

PCF analysis and MFB have comparable performance in distinguishing between mucinous and nonmucinous cysts and for detecting high‐risk cysts. However, MFB was found to be superior for diagnosing specific cyst subtypes, thus adding significant value to preoperative patient management. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:414‐20. © 2018 American Cancer Society.