bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The microbiology of glue ear in Australian Aboriginal children
Authors: Stuart J , Butt H , Walker P
Published: November 2003

Objective:  To study the bacterial cultures of middle ear aspirates from 27 Aboriginal children with otitis media with effusion.

Methods:  Standard bacteriological techniques were used to analyse the middle‐ear aspirates collected during surgery to insert grommets in 27 Aboriginal children. Swabs of the tympanic membrane were taken for comparison.

Results:  Forty‐five aspirates were collected from 59 myringotomies. Positive cultures were obtained from 19 of these (13 children) with potentially pathogenic organisms identified in 11 children including Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella, Achromobacter, Enterobacter and Corynebacterium.

Conclusion:  This is only the second study to look at the bacteria in middle ear effusions in Aboriginal children. Streptococcus pneumoniae was notable in its absence as was found in a previous study.
Adverse skin and joint reactions associated with oral antibiotics in children: The role of cefaclor in serum sickness‐like reactions
Authors: King BA , Geelhoed GC
Published: November 2003

Objective:  To review presentations to Princess Margaret Hospital Emergency Department (PMH ED) with adverse joint and skin reactions associated with the use of oral antibiotics, to describe the clinical course of children with cefaclor‐related serum sickness‐like reactions (cefaclor SSLR) and compare these with cases reported to the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee (ADRAC).

Methods:  Twelve‐month retrospective review of presentations to a tertiary paediatric ED (42 000 visits annually) via an ED computer database search and review of medical charts of children presenting with joint or skin reactions. Telephone interviews were conducted with the caregivers of children with cefaclor SSLR.

Results:  Adverse skin or joint reactions occurred in 150 children; 70 after cefaclor alone, 10 after cefaclor in combination with other antibiotics and 70 after other antibiotic courses. SSLR occurred in 44 children; 32 after cefaclor alone, five after cefaclor in combination with other antibiotics and seven after other single antibiotics. In children with cefaclor SSLR, otitis media was the most common indication (59.4%), another 18.8% had viral illnesses. Prolonged sequelae occurred in four children, a situation not previously reported. Sixty reports of paediatric cefaclor SSLR were made to ADRAC during the study period, none originated from PMH ED.

Conclusions:  Cefaclor was associated with 53.3% of oral antibiotic related skin and joint adverse reactions and 84.1% of SSLR. The indications for its use in paediatric illness require careful reconsideration. ADRAC data under‐represents the incidence of cefaclor SSLR.
Oesophageal perforation in preterm neonates: Not an innocent bystander
Authors: Shah PS , Dunn MS , Shah VS
Published: November 2003

Objective:  To compare the clinical course and neonatal outcomes of preterm infants with oesophageal perforation (OP).

Methods:  Retrospective case control study of infants admitted between 1994 and 2001 and diagnosed with OP was performed at two tertiary care centres in Toronto, Canada. One control per case was matched by the gestational age and the month of birth. Occurrence of air leak syndrome/pleural effusion requiring drainage, the duration of supplemental oxygen and the time to attain full feeds were compared.

Results:  Ten cases of OP were identified. The commonest clinical presentation was air leak syndrome/pleural effusion. There was a statistically significant increase in the time to attain full enteral feeds in OP group (P = 0.02). The duration of supplemental oxygen was prolonged in infants with OP, however, this was statistically insignificant (P = 0.20). The infants were managed conservatively and perforation healed in all.

Conclusion:  Oesophageal perforation is a rare but important complication of modern neonatal intensive care setting. The diagnosis of OP should be considered in infants who present with sudden/acute deterioration in their respiratory status following procedures involving pharyngeal region. Conservative management in an otherwise uncomplicated case leads to complete recovery in neonates.
Invasive bladder carcinoma in a patient with Behçet's disease
Authors: BALTACI SÜMER , GÖǦÜŞ ÇAǦATAY , KARAMÜRSEL TAMER , TULUNAY ÖZDEN
Published: November 2003

Abstract  We present here a case of invasive bladder carcinoma in a 51‐year‐old man with Behçet's disease (BD). A radical cystoprostatectomy was performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered to treat lymph node metastasis. However, the patient died 6 months after the operation. Malignancies associated with BD are very uncommon. The incidence, diagnosis and management of our case is discussed in the present paper.
Repair of ileal conduit parastomal hernia by translocation of the stoma
Authors: NOMURA TAKEO , MIMATA HIROMITSU , YAMASAKI MUTSUSHI , SUMINO YASUHIRO , MORIYAMA HATSUO , TOUHARA KAZUHIDE , NOMURA YOSHIO
Published: November 2003

Abstract  We repaired a recurrent ileal conduit parastomal hernia, according to Kaufman's technique, by translocating the stoma to the opposite side of the abdominal wall without laparotomy. This procedure is a simple and less invasive treatment for large parastomal hernia.
Effect of plant cover on seed removal by rodents in the Monte Desert (Mendoza, Argentina)
Authors: Taraborelli Paula A. , Dacar Mariana , Giannoni Stella M.
Published: November 2003

Abstract  In desert areas, predation risk is one of the highest costs of foraging and is a major influence on animal behaviour. Several strategies are used by foragers for surviving and reproducing in desert areas. The foraging strategies of the small mammals of South American deserts are still poorly known. In this study, we investigated the foraging strategies of rodents of the Monte Desert in response to distance from seed sources to sheltered sites (i.e. shrubs) during two different seasons (wet and dry). We evaluated the relative rates of removal of two species of seeds (millet and sunflower) by rodents at two sites by establishing 80 seed sources, 40 in unsheltered microhabitats and 40 in sheltered microhabitats. We recorded both the number of caches and seed consumption for each source. We found that plant cover affected the foraging activity of rodents of the sand dunes in the Monte Desert because both consumption and numbers of caches constructed from sheltered seed sources were higher than those from unsheltered ones. Consumption of sunflower was higher in the wet season than it was in the dry season, when millet consumption increased. Sunflower was the preferred seed both from sheltered or unsheltered sources. We discuss the possible causes of the different foraging strategies used by rodents of the Monte Desert.
Subtropical montane tree litter decomposition: Links with secondary forest types and species' shade tolerance
Authors: Gurvich Diego E. , Easdale Tomás A. , Pérez‐Harguindeguy Natalia
Published: November 2003

Abstract  Litter decomposition plays an important role in secondary forest recovery in the tropics. In this study we assessed the decomposition rates of tree litter in species from different secondary forest types and with different shade tolerances. The three secondary forest types analysed are related to the effects of different previous land use intensities. The typical forest type (TYP) is related to low land use intensity, Alnus acuminata‐dominated forest (ALN) type is related to medium land‐use intensity and Amomyrtella güili‐dominated forest type (AMO) is related to high land use intensity. The effect of shade tolerance was assessed using maximum height of each species as an indicator of its light requirements. Associations with leaf functional traits such as specific leaf area (SLA), and tensile strength (LTS) were also assessed. We found that leaves of species from the TYP forest type decompose faster than those of the ALN and AMO forest types. These changes were consistent with differences in the SLA of the species, which was higher in the TYP forest type than in the ALN and AMO forest types. SLA, LTS and decomposition were not significantly correlated with tree maximum height. Our results show that the secondary forest types, which are related to land use intensities prior to abandonment have an important influence on litter decomposition. This implies potential long‐term effects on soil properties and species composition.
Operative experience in the Victorian general surgical training programme
Authors: Wong Kenneth , Birks David
Published: November 2003

Background:  The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons recommends minimum operative and endoscopy training requirements for advanced trainees in general surgery. This study examines the influences of trainee seniority, geographical location of surgical rotation, and surgeons’ remuneration arrangements on the operative and endoscopy experiences of general surgical trainees in Victoria.

Methods:  Trainee log books covering two 6‐month training periods in the year 2001 were analysed for depth and breadth of reported operative and endoscopy experience.

Results:  A total of 81 trainee log books was reviewed. Senior trainees were significantly more likely to have a higher primary operator experience. Total operative caseload and primary operator experience, in terms of major operative cases, were greater in rural rotations. Endoscopy experience was significantly greater in rural rotations. Operative exposure to gynaecological, laparoscopic, orthopaedic, paediatric and plastic surgical procedures was significantly greater in rural rotations. Surgeons’ remuneration arrangements were not significantly related to trainee operative experience.

Conclusions:  Rural surgical rotations enhance the depth and breadth of operative experience of Victorian general surgical registrars, allowing greater exposure to subspecialty surgical procedures.
Vascular complications of drug abuse: an Indian experience
Authors: Behera Arunanshu , Menakuru Somasekhar R. , Jindal Ravul
Published: November 2003

Background:  Vascular complications resulting from i.v. drug abuse constitute a range of clinical problems from simple to serious. In addition, patients who present with these complications frequently have viral infections, which are a hazard to health care workers.

Patients and Methods:  The present study is a retrospective review of 46 male drug addicts with 52 vascular complications (45 arterial, seven venous). Pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery was the most common complication (n = 35). Fourteen of these patients underwent ligation of the common, superficial and deep femoral arteries above and below the pseudoaneurysm. Twenty‐one underwent bipolar ligation of the common femoral artery after complete excision of the pseudoaneurysm. The decision to revascularize was based on the presence or absence of postligation Doppler signal. Arterial reconstruction was performed in five patients. All eight brachial artery pseudoaneurysms were ligated and excised, and deep vein thrombosis was managed with anticoagulation.

Results:  There was no mortality but three patients had to undergo late amputations of the lower limb after successful salvage following the initial surgery. The median postoperative ankle‐brachial indices, after bipolar and triple ligations were 0.51 and 0.46, respectively. Positive blood cultures were present in 30% of patients and tissue cultures were positive in 72%, the most common organism isolated was methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Six patients were positive for viral markers. The median hospital stay was 43 days.

Conclusion:  Ligation and excision of pseudoaneurysms without revascularization is safe for drug addicts provided it is based on the presence of a postligation Doppler signal.
Adult intussusception: experience in Singapore
Authors: Tan Kok Yang , Tan Su‐Ming , Tan Andrew G. S. , Chen Cosmos Y. Y. , Chng Hong‐Chee , Hoe Michael N. Y.
Published: November 2003

Introduction:  Gastrointestinal intussusception is an uncommon clinical entity in adults and is interestingly distinct from its paediatric form. In adults an identifiable lead lesion is found in the majority of cases, of which a significant percentage are malignant. Its treatment is thus different from that of paediatric intussusception. The present study reviews our experience of treating adult intussusception.

Methods:  A retrospective review of patients with a postoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal intussusception between January 1997 and December 2002 was conducted. All patients under the age of 18 and cases of rectal prolapse were excluded.

Results:  During the 5‐year period, there were nine cases of intussusception. There were four male and five female patients, with a mean age of 63.8 years (range 37−85 years). Less than half of the patients (44.4%) presented with acute symptoms. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and distension. The symptoms were intermittent in 77.8% (7 of 9) of patients. Only two patients had a palpable abdominal mass, while another had signs of acute intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography was the most useful imaging modality, identifying intussusception in six out of six patients. Eight patients had lead lesions occurring at the ileocaecal junction resulting in ileo‐colonic intussusception. Of these eight, four were malignant (two adenocarcinomas and two lymphomas). There was one sigmoid‐rectal intussusception secondary to adenocarcinoma. All patients were treated operatively. Seven patients were treated with en bloc resection.

Conclusion:  Although uncommon, surgeons need to be aware of the epidemiology and treatment options for adult intussusception. The symptoms and signs are often non‐specific and the surgeon might be faced with the diagnosis only at laparotomy. Computed tomography is the most useful imaging modality. An identifiable organic lesion is present in most cases, of which more than 50% are malignant (especially in the large bowel). Operative treatment is thus prudent. En bloc resection is recommended for ileo‐colonic and colo‐colonic intussusception. There is, however, a role of initial reduction in selected patients with ileo‐ileal intussusception.
Gastroenterologists’ views of symptoms following laparoscopic fundoplication: anecdotally based medicine?
Authors: Ludemann Robert , Watson David I. , De Beaux Andrew C. , Jamieson Glyn G.
Published: November 2003

Background:  Currently gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can be managed either medically or surgically. The management decision is often based on the referring doctor's perception of the pros and cons of surgical management versus the medical alternative. A large group of gastroenterologists was surveyed to determine their understanding of the common outcomes of surgical management of GORD.

Methods:  A 15‐question survey was sent to all gastroenterologists in Australia who were members of the Gastroenterology Society of Australia. Questions centred on management decisions and postoperative symptoms in fundoplication patients. The findings were compared to current published outcome data.

Results:  One hundred and thirty‐four gastroenterologists responded anonymously to the survey. More than 75% described fundoplication as a safe and established procedure, and 80% had referred patients who were well controlled on medication for surgical management. The gastroenterologists’ perceptions of the problems of postoperative dysphagia and bloating differed from published outcomes.

Conclusions:  Gastroenterologists are often the gatekeepers for the management of patients with GORD. The understanding that this group has about surgical outcomes is important so that patients can make well‐informed management decisions. The present study found that gastroenterologists are likely to convey to their patients higher degrees of postoperative dysphagia and bloating following fundoplication than is actually reported. This may deter some patients who would benefit from fundoplication from consulting a surgeon.
Social environment affects female and egg testosterone levels in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Mazuc Jérémy , Bonneaud Camille , Chastel Olivier , Sorci Gabriele
Published: November 2003

Maternal effects can have an adaptive value if they improve the performance of offspring. As such, the transfer of maternal testosterone (T) to the eggs has been suggested as a mechanism for adaptive maternal control of offspring phenotype in birds, although recent studies have shown negative effects of testosterone on hatching rate and chick survival. Here, we experimentally investigated whether socially stressful conditions experienced by female house sparrows during egg laying affected their circulating levels of androgens and the amount transferred to the eggs. Social stress was simulated by the intrusion of a foreign male placed near the nest box during the egg‐laying sequence. We found that (1) both female and yolk testosterone titres were positively related to breeding density; (2) yolk testosterone was negatively correlated with maternal testosterone; (3) yolk testosterone was positively correlated with the behavioural response of females towards the intruder and (4) the interaction between social intrusion and breeding density affected the amount of testosterone transferred to the eggs. Altogether, our results suggest that females may be able to modulate the amount of testosterone they allocate to their eggs according to the social environment they experience during egg laying.
Nutrient enrichment can increase the severity of coral diseases
Authors: Bruno John F. , Petes Laura E. , Drew Harvell C. , Hettinger Annaliese
Published: November 2003

The prevalence and severity of marine diseases have increased over the last 20 years, significantly impacting a variety of foundation and keystone species. One explanation is that changes in the environment caused by human activities have impaired host resistance and/or have increased pathogen virulence. Here, we report evidence from field experiments that nutrient enrichment can significantly increase the severity of two important Caribbean coral epizootics: aspergillosis of the common gorgonian sea fan Gorgonia ventalina and yellow band disease of the reef‐building corals Montastraea annularis and M. franksii. Experimentally increasing nutrient concentrations by 2–5× nearly doubled host tissue loss caused by yellow band disease. In a separate experiment, nutrient enrichment significantly increased two measures of sea fan aspergillosis severity. Our results may help explain the conspicuous patchiness of coral disease severity, besides suggesting that minimizing nutrient pollution could be an important management tool for controlling coral epizootics.
Quality of Life of Patients With Cervicogenic Headache: A Comparison With Control Subjects and Patients With Migraine or Tension‐type Headache
Authors: Suijlekom Hans A. van , Lamé Inge , Stomp‐van den Berg Suzanne G. M. , Kessels Alfons G. H. , Weber Wilhelm E. J.
Published: November 2003

Objective.—To establish the health‐related quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache and to compare it with a random Dutch sample of control subjects and with patients with migraine without aura or with episodic tension‐type headache.

Methods.—Thirty‐seven patients with cervicogenic headache, 42 patients with episodic tension‐type headache, and 39 patients with migraine without aura completed a Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form questionnaire.

Results.—Domain scores for “physical functioning” of patients with cervicogenic headache were worse than those of patients with migraine or tension‐type headache. Physical functioning scores were lower for patients with tension‐type headache than for those with migraine. Migraineurs reported a diminished score for “social functioning” compared to patients with tension‐type headache. All Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form domain scores were significantly lower for patients with cervicogenic headache relative to the control group.

Conclusions.—Patients with cervicogenic headache have a quality of life burden that is substantial. Although impairment in the quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache is comparable to patients with migraine without aura and those with episodic tension‐type headache, there are some specific differences.
Regional Head and Face Pain Relief Following Lower Cervical Intramuscular Anesthetic Injection
Authors: Mellick Gary A. , Mellick Larry B.
Published: November 2003

Background.—Although cervical trigger point intramuscular injections are commonly used to relieve localized neck pain, regional head pain relief from lower cervical paravertebral injections has not been reported previously.

Purpose.—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of such injections in a selected group of patients with intractable head or face pain.

Methods.—In a series of patients with chronic head or face pain, local anesthetic was injected into the lower cervical spine paravertebral musculature approximately 1 to 2 inches lateral to the seventh cervical spinous process.

Results.—In addition to producing rapid relief of palpable scalp or facial tenderness (mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia pain), this lower cervical intramuscular injection technique alleviated associated symptoms of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia in patients with migrainous headache.

Conclusion.—Our results suggest that lower cervical intramuscular anesthetic injection may be an effective treatment for head or face pain.
Cdk5 and the mystery of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Authors: Nguyen Chan , Bibb James A.
Published: November 2003

Regulation of endocytosis by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is critical to synaptic vesicle recycling. Two groups have now identified the neuronal kinase Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) as an important regulator of this process. Robinson and coworkers recently demonstrated that Cdk5 is necessary for synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) (Tan et al., 2003), whereas a new report in this issue claims that Cdk5 negatively regulates SVE (Tomizawa et al., 2003). Careful examination of the data reveals a model that helps resolve the apparently contradictory nature of these reports.
Pseudechetoxin Binds to the Pore Turret of Cyclic Nucleotide–gated Ion Channels
Authors: Brown R. Lane , Lynch Leatha L. , Haley Tammie L. , Arsanjani Reza
Published: November 2003

Peptide toxins are invaluable tools for studying the structure and physiology of ion channels. Pseudechetoxin (PsTx) is the first known peptide toxin that targets cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) ion channels, which play a critical role in sensory transduction in the visual and olfactory systems. PsTx inhibited channel currents at low nM concentrations when applied to the extracellular face of membrane patches expressing olfactory CNGA2 subunits. Surprisingly, 500 nM PsTx did not inhibit currents through channels formed by the CNGA3 subunit from cone photoreceptors. We have exploited this difference to identify the PsTx-binding site on the extracellular face of CNG channels. Studies using chimeric channels revealed that transplantation of the pore domain from CNGA2 was sufficient to confer high affinity PsTx binding upon a CNGA3 background. To further define the binding site, reciprocal mutations were made at 10 nonidentical amino acid residues in this region. We found that two residues in CNGA2, D316 and Y321, were essential for high-affinity inhibition by PsTx. Furthermore, replacement of both residues was required to confer high-affinity PsTx inhibition upon CNGA3. Several other residues, including E325, also form favorable interactions with PsTx. In the CNGA2-E325K mutant, PsTx affinity was reduced by ∼5-fold to 120 nM. An electrostatic interaction with D316 does not appear to be the primary determinant of PsTx affinity, as modification of the D316C mutant with a negatively charged methanethiosulfonate reagent did not restore high affinity inhibition. The residues involved in PsTx binding are found within the pore turret and helix, in similar positions to residues that form the receptor for pore-blocking toxins in voltage-gated potassium channels. Furthermore, biophysical properties of PsTx block, including an unfavorable interaction with permeant ions, also suggest that it acts as a pore blocker. In summary, PsTx seems to occlude the entrance to the pore by forming high-affinity contacts with the pore turret, which may be larger than that found in the KcsA structure.
Activation of AMPA/Kainate Receptors but Not Acetylcholine Receptors Causes Mg2+ Influx into Retzius Neurones of the Leech Hirudo medicinalis
Authors: Müller Anja , Günzel Dorothee , Schlue Wolf-Rüdiger
Published: November 2003

In Retzius neurones of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, kainate activates ionotropic glutamate receptors classified as AMPA/kainate receptors. Activation of the AMPA/kainate receptor–coupled cation channels evokes a marked depolarization, intracellular acidification, and increases in the intracellular concentrations of Na+ ([Na+]i) and Ca2+. Qualitatively similar changes are observed upon the application of carbachol, an activator of acetylcholine receptor-coupled cation channels. Using multibarrelled ion-selective microelectrodes it was demonstrated that kainate, but not carbachol, caused additional increases in the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i). Experiments were designed to investigate whether this kainate-induced [Mg2+]i increase was due to a direct Mg2+ influx through the AMPA/kainate receptor–coupled cation channels or a secondary effect due to the depolarization or the ionic changes. It was found that: (a) Similar [Mg2+]i increases were evoked by the application of glutamate or aspartate. (b) All kainate-induced effects were inhibited by the glutamatergic antagonist DNQX. (c) The magnitude of the [Mg2+]i increases depended on the extracellular Mg2+ concentration. (d) A reduction of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration increased kainate-induced [Mg2+]i increases, excluding possible Ca2+ interference at the Mg2+-selective microelectrode or at intracellular buffer sites. (e) Neither depolarizations evoked by the application of 30 mM K+, nor [Na+]i increases induced by the inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase caused comparable [Mg2+]i increases. (f) Inhibitors of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels did not affect the kainate-induced [Mg2+]i increases. Moreover, previous experiments had already shown that intracellular acidification evoked by the application of 20 mM propionate did not cause changes in [Mg2+]i. The results indicate that kainate-induced [Mg2+]i increases in leech Retzius neurones are due to an influx of extracellular Mg2+ through the AMPA/kainate receptor–coupled cation channel. Mg2+ may thus act as an intracellular signal to distinguish between glutamatergic and cholinergic activation of leech Retzius neurones.
Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Neuronal KCNQ2/KCNQ3 Potassium Channels by Extracellular Protons
Authors: Prole David L. , Lima Pedro A. , Marrion Neil V.
Published: November 2003

Changes in extracellular pH occur during both physiological neuronal activity and pathological conditions such as epilepsy and stroke. Such pH changes are known to exert profound effects on neuronal activity and survival. Heteromeric KCNQ2/3 potassium channels constitute a potential target for modulation by H+ ions as they are expressed widely within the CNS and have been proposed to underlie the M-current, an important determinant of excitability in neuronal cells. Whole-cell and single-channel recordings demonstrated a modulation of heterologously expressed KCNQ2/3 channels by extracellular H+ ions. KCNQ2/3 current was inhibited by H+ ions with an IC50 of 52 nM (pH 7.3) at −60 mV, rising to 2 μM (pH 5.7) at −10 mV. Neuronal M-current exhibited a similar sensitivity. Extracellular H+ ions affected two distinct properties of KCNQ2/3 current: the maximum current attainable upon depolarization (Imax) and the voltage dependence of steady-state activation. Reduction of Imax was antagonized by extracellular K+ ions and affected by mutations within the outer-pore turret, indicating an outer-pore based process. This reduction of Imax was shown to be due primarily to a decrease in the maximum open-probability of single KCNQ2/3 channels. Single-channel open times were shortened by acidosis (pH 5.9), while closed times were increased. Acidosis also recruited a longer-lasting closed state, and caused a switch of single-channel activity from the full-conductance state (∼8 pS) to a subconductance state (∼5 pS). A depolarizing shift in the activation curve of macroscopic KCNQ2/3 currents and single KCNQ2/3 channels was caused by acidosis, while alkalosis caused a hyperpolarizing shift. Activation and deactivation kinetics were slowed by acidosis, indicating specific effects of H+ ions on elements involved in gating. Contrasting modulation of homomeric KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 currents revealed that high sensitivity to H+ ions was conferred by the KCNQ3 subunit.
The relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and innovation performance
Authors: Prajogo Daniel I. , Sohal Amrik S.
Published: November 2003

This empirical study examines the relationship between total quality management (TQM) and innovation performance and compares the nature of this relationship against quality performance. The empirical data were obtained from a survey of 194 managers in Australian industry encompassing both manufacturing and non‐manufacturing sectors. The structural equation modeling technique was used to examine the relationships between TQM and quality performance as well as innovation performance, simultaneously. The findings suggest that TQM significantly and positively relates to both product quality and product innovation performance although it appears that the magnitude of the relationship is greater against product quality. In addition, significant causal relationships between quality performance and innovation performance were found, suggesting that achievement of one aspect of performance could impact the other.
Applying SERVQUAL to Web sites: an exploratory study
Authors: van Iwaarden Jos , van der Wiele Ton , Ball Leslie , Millen Robert
Published: November 2003

In an effort to identify the quality factors perceived to be most important in relation to the use of Web sites, a survey was undertaken. The questionnaire utilized was based on the SERVQUAL instrument that identifies five quality dimensions in service environments. The results indicate that the quality dimensions found applicable in the service sector are also applicable to Web sites. The items that have been identified as most important in relation to the quality of Web sites are tangibles (the appearance of the Web site, navigation, search options, and structure), reliability (the ability to judge the trustworthiness of the offered service and the organization performing the service), responsiveness (the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service), assurance (the ability of the Web site to convey trust and confidence in the organisation behind it with respect to security and privacy), and empathy (the provision of caring, individualized attention to customers, including user recognition and customization).
Does ISO 9000 certification improve business performance?
Authors: Chow‐Chua Clare , Goh Mark , Boon Wan Tan
Published: November 2003

This paper examines the issue of ISO 9000 certification and its perceived benefits for Singapore based companies. Using an empirical approach, the paper seeks to ascertain if certification has indeed improved the performance for listed and non‐listed companies. The results from a survey of 146 firms suggest that while certification leads to better overall financial performance, non‐listed certified firms experience better documentation procedures, higher perceived quality of products or services, and more effective communication among employees than listed certified firms. Some problems encountered in certification include the failures to establish adequate monitoring programs, to follow set procedures and to carry out appropriate management reviews of the new system as well as unclear authorisation.
A decision support maintenance management system
Authors: Fernandez Oscar , Labib Ashraf W. , Walmsley Ralph , Petty David J.
Published: November 2003

Competitiveness has forced companies to improve the overall performance of the business. In the area of maintenance, much has been written about strategies, such as total productive maintenance or reliability centred maintenance, in order to increase the reliability and therefore capacity of the industrial plants in their quest for world‐class maintenance. However, if a strategy is to be effective, it must be supported with an invaluable resource, information. In the present work, the role of computerised maintenance management systems (CMMSs) is discussed as a powerful tool necessary for obtaining information from raw data and support the decision‐making process. Furthermore, a CMMS has been designed, developed, customised and implemented for a disc brake pad manufacturing company based in England. In addition, a maintenance maturity grid has been proposed to support the CMMS implementation. The grid shows that the complexity of the CMMS will increase as the maintenance function moves from a reactive to a proactive culture. The implemented CMMS aims to reduce total downtime and frequency of failures of the machines by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the maintenance force. The computer program simplifies and reduces the time of data capture compared to the currently used paper‐based reporting system. It also provides the maintenance planners with a platform for decision analysis and support often ignored in the commercial CMMSs available in the market.
Impact of total quality management on productivity
Authors: Khan Jamshed H.
Published: November 2003

The twenty‐first century harbors intense global competition where the playing field and the rules of the game have changed. There is an urgent need for Pakistani businesses to change the way they operate. This paper introduces the total quality management (TQM) concept and argues that its implementation is the critical need of the hour for the survival of our industries both locally and internationally. The paper is divided into four segments: the first discusses the changed environment in which businesses are operating; the second gives a brief introduction to the TQM philosophy and discusses TQM systems and tools; the third discusses the effect of TQM on productivity and explains what is meant by “effective productivity”; and the fourth presents some of the benefits that were realized by international and local firms implementing TQM.
Corporate hospitality: executive indulgence or vital corporate communications weapon?
Authors: Bennett Roger
Published: November 2003

Heads of marketing in 189 UK companies known to engage in corporate hospitality (CH) completed questionnaires regarding their attitudes and approaches towards the practice. A cluster analysis of the replies revealed four distinct groups of enterprise: CH “warriors”, “pragmatists”, “reactors”, and “strategic hopefuls”. Corporate hospitality warriors displayed strategic CH orientations and carefully measured the outcomes. Pragmatists also evaluated the impacts of CH, but adopted essentially ad hoc approaches. Strategic hopefuls used CH strategically, yet without bothering to assess its consequences. Reactors undertook CH only because their competitors did so. Additionally the research examined the extents to which the sample businesses applied conventional marketing management methods to the CH function, and the respondents’ perceptions of the benefits and problems of CH. A regression analysis identified some major sources of satisfaction with CH activities. These included the employment of formal market research to match CH events with clients, the location of responsibility for CH in a marketing or public relations department, the adoption of strategic approaches to CH, and the formal evaluation of outcomes.
Isometric Texture Mapping for Free‐form Surfaces
Authors: Arad Nur , Elber Gershon
Published: November 2003

Texture mapping is a frequently exploited technique in computer graphics aimed at the emulation of high‐resolution details in surfaces. In this paper we present a distance‐ratios preservation method for bivariate raster texture mapping to free‐form surfaces in an arbitrarily precise manner. The proposed method reduces the original general problem of computing the inverse of a three‐dimensional parametric surface mapping into a problem of two‐dimensional image warping. Several examples that demonstrate the proposed approach are also provided.
Skeletal Reconstruction of Branching Shapes
Authors: Ferley Eric , Cani‐Gascuel Marie‐Paule , Attali Dominique
Published: November 2003

We present a new method to reconstruct an implicit representation of a branching object from a set of data points scattered on its surface. The method is based on the computation of a geometric skeleton inside the data set. This skeleton is simplified in order to filter noise and converted into skeletal elements – a graph of interconnected curves – that generate an implicit surface. We use Bézier triangles as extra skeletal elements to perform bulge free blends between branches while controlling the blend extent. The result is a smooth reconstruction of the object, that can be computed whatever its topology. The skeleton offers compact storage, and provides an underlying structure for the reconstructed object, making it easier to edit in a modeling or animation environment.
Early Late Cambrian Trilobites OF Australo‐Sinian Aspect From The Montagne Noire, Southern France
Authors: Shergold John H. , FEIST Raimund , Vizcaino Daniel
Published: November 2003

Ten species of Late Cambrian trilobites occur in a limestone lens at the base of the Val d'Homs Formation in the Cesse Brook section at Ferrals‐les‐Montagnes in the Montagne Noire. Associated in this lens are species referred to Ammagnostus (Ammagnostus), Kormagnostus?, Olentella, Stigmatoa, Shengia, Abharella, Proceratopyge, (Proceratopyge), ProchuangiaPalaeadotes and Paraacidaspis. Of these, Stigmatoa courtessolei and Paraacidaspis ultima are described as new species. The Ferrals fauna has a decidedly Australo‐Sinian palaeobiogeographical relationship, with the implication that previously developed models suggesting a high latitudinal position for southern France during the Late Cambrian should perhaps be revised. key words: Late Cambrian, trilobites, southern France, Ferrals‐les‐Montagnes, Montagne Noire, biostratigraphy, biogeography.
A Relict Rhinesuchid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) From The Lower Triassic Of South Africa
Authors: Shishkin M. A. , Rubidge B. S.
Published: November 2003

‘Lydekkerina’putterilli Broom from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (Middle Beaufort Group, South Africa) is shown to be a paedomorphic rhinesuchid (Broomistega putterilli gen. nov.) rather than a lydekkerinid or juvenile stage of the rhinesuchid Uranocentrodon, as previously presumed. The most conspicuous characters, not related to its paedomorphic condition, include the shape of the parietals and the structure of the parasphenoid body and exoccipitals. The pattern of cranial growth changes in Broomistega has been investigated by comparison of the holotype with two hitherto undescribed immature specimens. For several characters referring to the size and position of the orbits, and re‐modelling of the jugal proportions, retarded timing of growth transformations, compared to ontogenetic patterns in Permian rhinesuchids (typified by Muchocephalus) is demonstrated. Some features of the evolution of the basicranial region of the skull, in the transition from rhinesuchids to more advanced capitosauroids, are re‐evaluated. key words: temnospondyls, rhinesuchids, relict, paedomorphosis, growth changes.
New arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsru¨ck Slate (Lower Emsian, Rhenish Massif, western Germany)
Authors: Briggs Derek E. G. , Bartels Christoph
Published: November 2003

Four new genera and species of arthropod, Cambronatus brasseliWingertshellicus backesiEschenbachiellus wuttkensis and Magnoculus blindi, are described from the Hunsru¨ck Slate (Lower Emsian) of Germany. All four occur in the Wingertshell Member in the vicinity of Bundenbach. They preserve remarkable details of the ventral morphology, including the appendages, as a result of pyritization. In each case the body consists of just two tagmata, a cephalon and a large number of similar trunk somites. Both CambronatusWingertshellicus have fluke‐like appendages making up a tail fan. The affinities of these arthropods lie with the Crustacea, apart from Magnoculus, which is an arachnomorph, but they do not fall within those clades with modern representatives. They show that morphologies other than those represented by trilobites and modern arthropod groups persisted long after the Cambrian, at least in muddy bottom marine settings.
Phylogeny and Systematics of Multituberculate Mammals
Authors: Kielan‐Jaworowska Zofia , Hurum Jørn H.
Published: November 2003

We present a synopsis of high‐rank multituberculate systematicsand a manually generated cladogram illustrating multituberculate interrelationships. We divide the Multituberculata into the paraphyletic suborder ‘Plagiaulacida’, an apparently monophyletic suborder Cimolodonta, and one family incertae sedis. Within ‘Plagiaulacida’ we recognise three informal lines: paulchoffatiid (three families), plagiaulacid (three families) and allodontid (two families and the genus Glirodon). The Cimolodonta are divided into an informal Paracimexomys group; three superfamilies: Ptilodontoidea, Djadochtatherioidea (new), and Taeniolabidoidea (restricted to Taeniolabididae); and five families (superfamily incertae sedis): Eucosmodontidae, Microcosmodontidae, Cimolodontidae, Boffiidae, and Kogaionidae; and some genera incertae sedis. New characters used in our analysis are (1) a tendency of molar cusps to coalesce; and (2) ornamentation of grooves, pits, and ridges on the molars. We argue that the Ptilodontoidea, and less certainly also the Cimolodontidae and Boffiidae, might have originated from amongthe plagiaulacid line, a possible intermediate link being the Paracimexomys group. The remaining Cimolodonta might have originated from unknown members of the Paracimexomys group with separated molar cusps and smooth enamel. The origin of two types of prismatic enamel and a relationship between them are stumbling blocks in understanding the origin of the Cimolodonta; we conclude that microprismatic enamel made its appearance only once. Revised diagnoses of high‐rank multituberculate taxa, including lists of all known genera, are given.
An Early Miocene Plant Assemblage Severely Influenced By A Volcanic Eruption, Styria, Austria
Authors: Kovar‐Eder Johanna , Haas Margit , Hofmann Christa‐charlotte , Meller Barbara
Published: November 2003

Sediment and organic facies as well as leaves, pollen, and diaspores co‐occurring in a tuffite exposed in Oberdorf (Ko¨flach/Voitsberg lignite area, Styria, Austria) were investigated. The tuffite is distinguishable from the under‐ and overlying clastic sediments and shows locally normally‐graded lapilli, which is assumed to be a sign of direct airfall. The plant assemblage partly resulted from a volcanic eruption that coincided with the season in which many woody plants were flowering; deciduous ones were leafless or in the state of opening their buds; diaspores were not yet developed. Leaves of evergreen woody species, buds/bud scales, and clusters of immature pollen partly with adhering anther material were stripped off their parent plants and quickly embedded in the tuffite. The leaves of deciduous taxa and herbaceous monocotyledons, diaspores, partly also pollen, and organic facies components indicate progressive degradation. Such degraded plant debris probably accumulated in the backswamp sediments prior to the volcanic eruption. The tephra can only be correlated to the ‘Lower Rhyolite Tuffs’ in the Pannonian Basin (Hungary), indicating a (Late) Eggenburgian/Early Ottnangian age. The new species Ternstroemites waltheri is described. Distylium fergusonii Knobloch and Kvaček and Laurophyllum rugatum Kvaček and Bůžek are first reports from Austria.
Lower Jurassic Foraminifera and Calcified Microflora from Gibraltar, Western Mediterranean
Authors: Boudagher‐Fadel M. K. , Rose E. P. F. , Bosence D. W. J. , Lord A. R.
Published: November 2003

Benthic foraminifera are described for the first time from the Gibraltar Limestone Formation of the Rock of Gibraltar. The new species Siphovalvulina colomiS. gibraltarensisRiyadhella praeregularis occur with Duotaxis metula Kristan, Everticyclammina praevirguliana Fugagnoli, Siphovalvulina sp.,an atypically early example of Textulariopsis sp., and Nodosaria sp. Microflora are present as the probable cyanobacterium Cayeuxia ?piae Frollo, the alga Palaeodasycladus ?mediterraneus (Pia), and the disputed alga Thaumatoporella ?parvovesiculifera (Raineri). The foraminifera compare most closely with poorly‐known taxa from Italy, Spain and Morocco, and are consistent with an Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) age for the upper part of the &62;460‐m‐thick Gibraltar Limestone. Most are textulariids and more primitive than species well known from the later Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of the Mediterranean region, especially Morocco and Italy. The biota as a whole is characteristic of inner carbonate platform environments widespread along the rifted western margins of the Early Jurassic Tethys, notably those recorded from Morocco, Italy and Greece as well as southern Spain.
A Primitive Late Triassic ‘ictidosaur’ from Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Bonaparte José F. , Ferigolo Jorge , Ribeiro Ana maria
Published: November 2003

A primitive ‘ictidosaur’ from lower Norian beds of southern Brazil, Riograndia guaibensis gen. et sp. nov., represented by a fragmentary skull and a lower jaw bearing a complete dentition, shows a more generalized morphology than Chaliminia from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and PachygenelusDiarthrognathus from the Lower Jurassic of South Africa, Canada and Greenland. The frontal bone borders the orbit, and ventrally contacts the dorsal process of the palatine. The secondary bony palate extends back to the last postcanine. I1 and i2 are reduced, whereas I2‐3 and i1 are hypertrophied. Both PC 1–7 and pc 1–7 have blade‐like crowns without cingula and with 5–9 small sharp cuspules. The upper postcanine crowns are semicircular in labial view with the cuspules around their margins. The lower postcanine crowns are asymmetrical with most of the cuspules dorsodistally distributed. The possible origin of this peculiar dentition is interpreted as the retention of the juvenile dentition of ancestors. The hypothesis that Riograndia guaibensis and the so‐called ‘ictidosaurs’ might have been derived from gomphodont cynodonts is presented.
A New Species of Platymantis (Anura: Ranidae) from Quaternary Deposits On Viti Levu, Fiji
Authors: WORTHY TREVOR H.
Published: November 2003

Fossil bones of the frog Platymantis are reported for the first time. Platymantis megabotoniviti sp. nov. is described from fossil bones of late Quaternary age from caves on Viti Levu, Fiji, south‐west Pacific, where it was associated with fossils of the extant P. vitianusP. vitiensis. The new species is much larger than any extant congeners, and its robust form indicates that it was a ground‐dwelling frog. It appears to have become extinct in the late Holocene after humans arrived on Fiji with commensal rodents.