bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF KARAKUL LAMB BY PHENOTYPE IN CASE OF A LARGE NUMBER OF BREEDING TRAITS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Livestock - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst, Dvalishvili V.G. , Chabaev M.G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Livestock - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst, Milchevskiy V.D. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Livestock - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst
Published: October 2021

Methods for assessing krimmer lamb productivity, constitutional and reproductive characteristics used in Karakul sheep breeding have been studied. It has been established that there are several dozens of krimmer breeds, except karakul, as well as crossbreeds with them, from which karakul is also obtained in the world. Sheep selection of these breeds differs significantly from selection of other breeds by the fact that decisions on animal production purpose are made as soon as this animal is born. The selection is carried out according to a large number of characteristics, mainly parameters of krimmer lamb skin quality. Such techniques are numerous and have certain differences in different breeds and different countries, however, there are also common properties. Most of the selection parameters are determined subjectively, and the only decision is made - whether to leave the lamb for breeding or to remove the krimmer. Obviously, a method is needed which includes all the selected traits and it would be expressed in one complex parameter. In the course of this study, a new, suitable for automation method for increasing the objectivity of phenotype assessing of Karakul sheep by a complex of traits was designed and described. Specifically, a special card is proposed and shown in the appendix, which facilitates the collection of individual data from a newborn lamb and their processing using spreadsheet application. From our own observations and production experience, the practicability of obtaining marketable milk from krimmer sheep, free from suckling lambs, is shown. Folk traditions of improving sheep milk yield that exist in sheep-breeding countries are described. Examples of successful use of Romanov sheep on karakul ewes and creation of multiparous karakul on their basis are shown.
HUMIC FEED ADDITIVE IN THE DIET FOR LAYING HENS
Authors:   FSBSI “Krasnodar Scientific Center of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine”, Khorin B.V. , Yurin D.A. ,   FSBSI “Krasnodar Scientific Center of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine”, Yurina N.A. ,   FSBSI “Krasnodar Scientific Center of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine”
Published: October 2021

The studies were carried out in the vivarium of FSBSI “Krasnodar Scientific Center of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine”, in Krasnodar, on laying hens of Hisex Brown cross. The aim of the research was to study the effect of “Relikt A®» humic feed additive based on brown coal on productivity of laying hens of “Hisex Brown” cross. Four groups of young egg birds at the age of 130 days were formed for the research by the method of analogue pairs. The stabilization period lasted 10 days. Each group consisted of 40 heads. The experience lasted 3 months. It was found that there was a significant increase in the number of laid eggs per average laying hen by 14.9% in the group which received 0.06% of “Relic A®” of feed weight, compared to the control. Also, the application of the studied additive in the diets of laying hens of the groups that received 0.06% and 0.1% of the humic additive contributed to a decrease of feed costs for production of 10 eggs by 12.9 and 4.9%, respectively. Survivability of the population was maintained at the level of 100% in all groups throughout the entire experimental period. The oviposition intensity was significantly higher in the groups that received the humic supplement. The proceeds from the production of goods for a month increased in the control groups by 8.5; 14.9 and 4.8% according to the groups. The cost of 10 eggs decreased in the control groups by 8.3; 12.9 and 4.9%, respectively. The level of profitability also increased relative to the control in the second group by 6.53% and in the third by 10.13%, in the fourth by 3.82%. The feed additive based on brown coal can be considered as a natural feed ingredient; it is necessary to develop further a complex feed additive from natural components that fully satisfies the need of poultry for biologically active substances and micronutrients.
PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS AND BIOACTIVITY OF SOIL ON THE BLACK SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Skorokhodov V. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to assessment of the influence of forecrops, application of mineral fertilizers on biological activity of the southern black soil and the yield of soft spring wheat. The studies were carried out in a field long-term stationary experiment in six-field crop rotations, with mono-cultivation of soft spring wheat. The object of the study was soft spring wheat put at different levels of mineral nutrition and according to different forecrops. The article presents longterm data of stationary experiment on spring soft wheat yield, biological activity of the soil under its crops, the content and consumption of macronutrients during the growing season. The vegetation periods of the studies were characterized by aridity and were divided into three groups, 13 out of 19 years were assigned to slightly arid (hydrothermal index = 0.6 and less units). Due to aridity of the growing seasons, the yield of spring soft wheat, depending on the forecrops and the nutrition background, is presented. It has been established that spring soft wheat reduces yield when cultivated in mono-seeding compared to multifield system, regardless of environmental factors. On average, for the period from 2002 to 2019, such forecrops of soft wheat as peas and millet were the best in the variant without application of mineral fertilizers. The yield of soft wheat was 0.93 and 0.90 tons per hectare, respectively. As a result of the study, an increased (in comparison with other variants of the experiment) consumption of nitrate nitrogen and potassium by permanent crops of spring soft wheat was established.
Beneficios del uso de tecnologías digitales en la auditoría externa
Authors: Escobar Ávila María Elena Emma , Rojas Amado Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

Este artículo es el resultado de la revisión sistemática de la literatura de contabilidad y de sistemas de información, enfocada en comprender los beneficios del uso de tecnologías digitales en el proceso de auditoría. A partir del objetivo, se planteó la pregunta de investigación que guió la presente revisión de literatura: ¿cuáles son los beneficios que trae el uso de tecnologías digitales de información al proceso de auditoría externa? La metodología utilizada consistió en la selección y el análisis de 50 documentos, extraídos de revistas de la base de datos de Scopus, de un total de 3649 artículos de investigación de 38 revistas diferentes. Así mismo se analizaron, para cada fase del proceso de auditoría, las principales tecnologías digitales emergentes relacionadas con el proceso de auditoría externa, tipos de metodologías y enfoques de los autores y, finalmente, resultados y hallazgos encontrados por los autores. La mayoría de los autores consultados coinciden en que las tecnologías digitales pueden cambiar el enfoque actual de la auditoría, al pasar de una revisión periódica a una continua y que el uso de las tecnologías digitales podría generar eficiencias y optimización en el proceso general de la auditoría.
New source material for the creation of perspective varieties of melon
Authors: Kornilova M. S. , Suslova V. A. , Verbitskaya L. N.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.
The effectiveness of the use of various types of fertilizers and methods of their application in the cultivation of watermelon
Authors: Galichkina E. A. , Bykova M. V. , Nadezhkin S. M. , Tsirulnikova N. V.
Published: October 2021

Relevance.The Volgograd region has a number of factors necessary for the cultivation of melonsand gourds. The development of new varieties and hybrids of watermelon should involve thedevelopment of varietal agricultural techniques that would allow realizing the genetic potential ofthe variety. Therefore, the development of new methods of cultivation technologies that allowobtaining guaranteed fruit yields without reducing the quality of table watermelon products in thedry-steppe Trans-Volga region is relevant and timely.Material and methodology.The object of research is a watermelon, cultivar Zemlyanin. Newtypes of water-soluble fertilizers – B and Fe chelates, and the Vegetable Akvarin were studied, by using them for soaking seeds before sowing and processing plants during the growing season.Results.The use of chelates B and Fe in the technology of growing watermelon, as well as theAkvarin, is an effective method for obtaining guaranteed yields. The use of water-soluble fertilizers, with various methods of their use, provided an increase in the yield of watermelon by 1.6-8.3t/ha, or by 6.9-35.9% in comparison with the control (option without treatments). The largest fruitswere obtained in variants of chelate B and the Vegetable Akvarin (processing of plants) – 6.8 kg.Comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of the fruits showed that water-solublechelated fertilizers do not have a negative effect on the accumulation of nitrates. Studies haverevealed the positive effect of water-soluble micronutrient fertilizers on improving the quality offruits, which was manifested in the growth of the content of vitamin C and sugars.
Screening of biological activity of phytopreparations based on secondary metabolites of plants on the culture of Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Kozar E. G. , Engalycheva I. A. , Antoshkin A. A. , Mashcenco N. E.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Currently, the use of secondary plant-orgin metabolites with high biological activity is becoming an important part of a comprehensive plant protection program. The mechanism of their action is aimed at activating molecular biological and physiological systems that increase the ability of the plant organism to withstand the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic nature. The purpose of these studies is to screen the selectivity of the physiological activity of phytoregulators in relation to different varieties of vegetable beans.Methodology. Plants of two mid-ripening varieties of vegetable beans were twice sprayed with solutions of plant biological products of different chemical composition, isolated from 12 plant species of different families. Control – treatment with water, standards - solutions of Pharmayod and Fitolavin. During the growing season, an analysis of the development of diseases of various etiologies on seed crops was carried out. Seed productivity of plants was taken into account after harvesting and threshing the beans, the sowing qualities of the obtained seeds were studied in accordance with the relevant recommendations and GOST 12042-80, and the biological effectiveness (BE) of the action of phytopreparations was calculated.Results. Two-fold treatment of beans with most of the tested preparations reduced the total percentage of affected plants by more than 25%. The protective effect of the studied glycosides differed significantly depending on their chemical structure, disease etiology and cultivar responsiveness. Among them, there are preparations based on steroidal glycosides - Moldstim and Mestim, which have the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect on the resistance of vegetable beans to phytopathogens. Treatment with Mestim in the selected concentration led to a decrease in seed productivity of plants. Other phytopreparations showed a neutral or stimulating effect on this trait, increasing the proportion of germinating seeds in the yield structure by 3-26% relative to control. The certain varietal specificity has been identified by the total effectiveness of the action. Irioid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia and the sum of iridoids and flavonoids from Linaria vulgaris showed the greatest activity on the responsive cultivar Lika. On the SiBemol variety, there is Moldstim, a steroidal glycoside of the furostanol series, isolated from Capsicum annuum. Their biological effectiveness was higher than that of Fitolavin and Pharmayod standards.
Evaluation of Technological Attributes of Lactococcus lactis Cultures for Preparation of Dahi and Misti Dahi (Sweetened Dahi)
Authors: Kumari Vandna , Kumar Narendra , Mandal Surajit
Published: October 2021

Background: Dahi and Misti dahi are traditional Indian fermented milk products. The present study was aimed to evaluate the technological attributes of selected six Lactococcus lactis cultures namely NCDC 193, 125, 128, 94, 97 and 314 for preparation of Dahi and Misti dahi. Methods: Six Lactococcus lactis were collected and tested for acidification profile as well as growth rate was also determined in milk with (15%) and without sucrose. Their flavor producing ability, proteolytic ability by OPA method and antimicrobial activity against four spoilage causing microorganisms (Escherichia coli NCDC 134, Staphylococcus aureus NCDC 109, Micrococcus luteus NCDC 131 and Pseudomonas fluorescenes NCDC 316) were evaluated. Result: All the six cultures were able to grow and produce acidity in milk containing 15% sucrose and similar acidification profile as well as growth rate (K) were found in milk without sucrose. Cultures NCDC 193, 128 and 125 were found to produce flavoring compound (diacetyl). Proteolytic activity of the selected cultures ranged between 0.17 to 0.41 mg/mL of Leucine. Among six cultures three Lactococcus lactis cultures NCDC 314, 94 and 97 have shown zone of inhibition against all four test organisms.
Interrelation of venous and osteoarticular pathology in patients with Giacomini's vein
Authors: Yarovenko G. V. , Zhdanova A. I.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To establish a possible relationship between the Giacomini vein and osteoarticular pathology of the lower extremities in chronic venous diseases (CVD).

Materials and methods. In 115 examined patients (out of 321), we identified the Giacomini vein (92 women, 23 men). The average age of men was 44.82 ± 1.62 years; women – 45.36 ± 3.31 years. All patients were divided into 3 groups by anatomical randomization. The first group was without pathology, the second group of patients had only CVD, and the third group included patients with CVD and osteoarticular pathology. The criteria for inclusion in the groups were: the presence of Giacomini vein in patients, chronic venous disease and osteoarticular pathology on one or both lower extremities. Exclusion criteria: age of patients less than 18 years, the presence of CVD C5-C6 according to the CEAP classification, post-traumatic changes in the osteoarticular system, post-thrombotic transformation of the veins of the lower extremities. Using triplex angioscanning, the anatomical features of the structure of the venous system of the lower extremities were assessed. The study of the condition of the foot was carried out using the Friedland method.

Results. Group I with an absolute norm of the venous and osteoarticular systems included 30 people (26 %). The second group consisted of 45 patients (39.22 %) with CVD C0-C4 according to CEAP, and the third group consisted of 40 patients (34.78 %) who, in addition to venous, osteoarticular pathology. Chronic venous diseases in patients of groups II and III were distributed as follows: C0 – 25.6 %; C1 – 16.4 %; C2 – 49.4 %; C3 – 4.3 %; C4 – 4.3 % on the CEAP scale. Among the osteoarticular pathology, the most numerous group consisted of changes in the configuration of the foot, non-traumatic deformities – 32 (27.81 %) cases. To confirm the relationship between venous and osteoarticular pathology, we used the Pearson criterion. We found a significant correlation in the presence of nontraumatic deformities of the foot in the group of patients with CVD (Pearson's criterion 0.749642; p < 0.22). A strong correlation was established between the age of patients and changes in the venous and osteoarticular systems of the lower extremities (Pearson's criterion 0.7677696; p < 0.22), which confirms the relationship between the development of nontraumatic changes in the foot and CVD in patients with Giacomini vein with age.

Conclusion. It was found that the presence of an altered Giacomini vein leads to an aggravation of venous stasis in the lower extremities, which in turn increases the likelihood of developing venous pathology. Chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities contribute to dystrophic changes in soft tissues, most pronounced in the distal part of the extremity and, as a consequence, predispose to the development of osteoarticular pathology.
Influence of interferon types on COVID-19 prevention and treatment
Authors: Saidov S. S. , Ionov S. N. , Saidov A. S. , Krasovskaya L. V. , Zabotnov A. V.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the properties of endogenous and exogenous interferon as the most effective element in the fight against a new coronavirus infection, analyzes the use of various groups of interferons, the time criteria for their use, and resistance to modified strains of coronavirus.
Integrated evaluation of oxidation-reduction processes in rat liver tissues on the background of a mechanical eye injury
Authors: Pavlova О. N. , Gulenko O. N. , Korovina E. S. , Zaytsev V. V.
Published: October 2021

As a result of mechanical trauma to the eye and damage to the blood-ophthalmic barrier, an inflammatory process occurs and, as a result, oxidative stress is a state of the body that develops against the background of an overproduction of free radicals, with a violation of the effectiveness of antioxidant protection. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of oxidative stress coefficients for the integral assessment of the antioxidant status of rat liver tissues under oxidative stress induced by mechanical eye trauma. The study was carried out on outbred white sexually mature healthy male rats of six months of age, weighing 220–240 g in the amount of 150 pieces. For the integral assessment of oxidative homeostasis in rats, the coefficients of oxidative stress were used: a coefficient expressing the ratio of catalase activity to SOD activity; antioxidant-prooxidant index (API), which expresses the ratio of catalase activity to MDA concentration; the coefficient of the ratio of the concentration of MDA to the concentration of DC and the local antioxidant index (LAI), which is the ratio of the product of the activities of catalase and SOD to the concentration of MDA. The study found that the antioxidant status of rat liver tissue under oxidative stress caused by mechanical trauma of the eye is most effectively stabilized by standard therapy of mechanical trauma of the eye with the addition of quercetin in the form of injections.
Thermal Fluctuations and Electromagnetic Noise Spectra in Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Bányai Ladislaus Alexander , Bundaru Mircea , Gartner Paul
Published: October 2021

We derive the thermal noise spectrum of the Fourier transform of the electric field operator of a given wave vector starting from the quantum-statistical definitions and relate it to the complex frequency and wave vector dependent complex conductivity in a homogeneous, isotropic system of electromagnetic interacting electrons. We analyze separately the longitudinal and transverse case with their peculiarities. The Nyquist formula for vanishing frequency and wave vector, as well as its modification for non-vanishing frequencies and wave vectors follow immediately. Furthermore we discuss also the noise of the photon occupation numbers. It is important to stress that no additional assumptions at all were used in this straightforward proof.
Characterization of AlSi10Mg- CP-Ti Metal-metal Composite Materials Produced by Electro-sinter-forging
Authors: Gobber Federico Simone , Fracchia Elisa , Peter Ildiko , Fais Alessandro , Actis Grande Marco
Published: October 2021

Metal/metal composites represent a particular class of materials showing innovative mechanical and electrical properties. Conventionally, such materials are produced by severely plastically deforming two ductile phases via rolling or extruding, swaging, and wire drawing. This study presents the feasibility of producing metal/metal composites via a capacitive discharge-assisted sintering process named electro-sinter-forging. Two different metal/metal composites with CP-Ti/AlSi10Mg ratios (20/80 and 80/20 %vol) are evaluated, and the effects of the starting compositions on the microstructural and compositional properties of the materials are presented. Bi-phasic metal/metal composites constituted by isolated α-Ti and AlSi10Mg domains with a microhardness of 113 ± 13 HV0.025 for the Ti20-AlSi and 244 ± 35 HV0.025 for the Ti80-AlSi are produced. The effect of the applied current is crucial to obtain high theoretical density, but too high currents may result in Ti dissolution in the Ti80-AlSi composite. Massive phase transformations due to the formation of AlTiSi based intermetallic compounds are observed through thermal analysis and confirmed by morphological and compositional observation. Finally, a possible explanation for the mechanisms regulating densification is proposed accounting for current and pressure synergistic effects.
Two Opposing Functions of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) That Links Hypertension, Dementia, and Aging
Authors: Le Duc , Brown Lindsay , Malik Kundan , Murakami Shin
Published: October 2021

A recent report from the American Heart Association in 2018 shows that over 103 million American adults have hypertension. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) is a dipeptidyl carboxylase that, when inhibited, can reduce blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. ACE inhibitors are used as a first-line medication to be prescribed to treat hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure among others. It has been suggested that ACE inhibitors can reduce the symptoms in mouse models. Despite the benefits of ACE inhibitors, previous studies also have suggested that alterations in the ACE gene are risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological diseases. In mice, overexpression of ACE in the brain reduces symptoms of the AD-model systems. Thus, we find opposing effects of ACE on health. To clarify the effects, we dissect the functions of ACE as follows: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme that hydrolyzes angiotensin I to make angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin system; (2) amyloid-degrading enzyme that can hydrolyze beta-amyloid and reduce amyloid toxicity. The efficacy of the ACE inhibitors is well established in humans, while the knowledge specific to AD remains to be open for further research. We provide an overview of ACE and inhibitors that link a wide variety of age-related comorbidities from hypertension to Alzheimer’s disease to aging. ACE also serves as an example of the middle-life crisis theory that assumes deleterious events during the midlife, leading to age-related later events.
Migratory Birds Monitoring of India’s Largest Shallow Saline Ramsar Site with Big Geospatial Data Using Google Earth Engine for Restoration
Authors: Naik Rajashree , Sharma L.K.
Published: October 2021

Globally, saline lakes occupying 23% by area 44% by volume among all the lakes might desiccate by 2025 due to agricultural diversion, illegal encroachment, pollution, and invasive species. India’s largest saline lake, Sambhar is currently shrinking at the rate of 4.23% due to illegal saltpan en-croachment. This research article aims to identify the trend of migratory birds and monthly wetland status. Birds survey was conducted for 2019, 2020 and 2021 and combined with literature data of 1994, 2003, and 2013 for visiting trend, feeding habit, migratory and resident ratio, and ecological diversity index analysis. Normalized Difference Water Index was scripted in Google Earth Engine. Results state that it has been suitable for 97 species. Highest NDWI values for the was whole study period was 0.71 in 2021 and lowest 0.008 in 2019 which is highly fluctuating. The decreasing trend of migratory birds coupled with decreasing water level indicates the dubious status for its existence. If the causal factors are not checked, it might completely desiccate by 2059 as per its future prediction. Certain steps are suggested that might help conservation. Least, the cost of restoration might exceed the revenue generation.
Hypercoagulable Disorders in Orthopaedics: Etiology, Considerations, and Management
Authors: Romano David , Boyle Maxwell , Isla Alexander E. , Teasdall Robert J. , Srinath Arjun , Aneja Arun
Published: October 2021

» Hypercoagulable disorders (HCDs) can be inherited or acquired. An HCD of either etiology increases the chance of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs).

» Patients with an HCD often have the condition discovered only after surgical complications.

» We recommend that patients with a concern for or a known HCD be referred to the appropriate hematological specialist for workup and treatment.

» Tourniquet use in the orthopaedic patient with an HCD is understudied and controversial. We recommend that tourniquets be avoided in the surgical management of patients with an HCD, if possible. When tourniquets are applied to patients with unknown HCD status, close follow-up and vigilant postoperative examinations should be undertaken.
Implementation of Village Staff Recruitment and Selection in Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Selvia Eri Mega , Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyze and describe the implementation of recruitment and selection of village officials in Sidoarjo Regency as well as supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of recruitment and selection of village officials in Sidoarjo Regency. The research method uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation with informants. Data analysis techniques using the theory of Miles & Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the recruitment and selection of village officials in Sidoarjo Regency had been carried out in accordance with regulations where the registration and selection process was carried out in each village and the online selection process using a computer. The formation of the recruitment and selection committee for the village apparatus was carried out through a meeting led by the Village Head, but the condition of the facilities and infrastructure in the recruitment and selection of the village apparatus in the village was inadequate because participants were required to bring their own laptops. Communication has been carried out well by the parties, namely through socialization. Supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of recruitment and selection of village officials in Sidoarjo Regency, namely supporting factors consisting of SOPs have been implemented well. While the inhibiting factor is the implementation of the online selection of village equipment in Desa Kepambat having a schedule delay due to a server error. In addition, the facilities and infrastructure in Tulangan District are inadequate
Policy Analysis of Restriction of Internet Access in The Region of Papua in 2019 in A National Security Perspective
Authors: Ramadhan Yusuf Syibly , Munandar Adis Imam
Published: October 2021

The issue of racism that occurred in 2019 caused riots to erupt in the Papua region. The spread of hoaxes was one of the factors in the spread of riots so that the government issued a policy to restrict internet access but was later sued by the Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet) Indonesia and the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) to the PTUN and the result was that the government was found guilty for having committed an illegal act. This study analyzes the policy of restricting internet access in the Papua region in 2019 from a national security perspective using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) method. Although internet restrictions aim to create national security stability, this policy is not appropriate and its implementation is not in accordance with the mandate of the ITE Law so that as an alternative solution the government must prioritize early prevention and takedown actions that spread hoaxes or have the potential to threaten national security stability by synergizing all agencies government related.
Strategy Formulation of Farmers Capacity Building through Technological Innovation in Disadvantaged Regions of Indonesia
Authors: Swastika Dewa Ketut Sadra , Indraningsih Kurnia Suci
Published: October 2021

Indonesian
Permasalahan utama daerah tertinggal adalah kemiskinan. Oleh karena sebagian besar masyarakatnya menggantungkan hidup pada pertanian, maka strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat daerah tertinggal ialah memacu peningkatan produktivitas pertanian melalui inovasi teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi peningkatan kapasitas petani melalui inovasi teknologi untuk mengakselerasi pembangunan pertanian di daerah tertinggal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis SWOT berdasarkan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui survei di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Bengkulu, dan Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi melaksanakan gerakan inovasi teknologi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) secara berkelanjutan merupakan prioritas pertama di tiga provinsi contoh. Prioritas berikutnya adalah meningkatkan fasilitas penyuluh disertai sanksi pelanggaran disiplin, menyediakan bimbingan teknis melalui sekolah lapang PTT, melaksanakan program percontohan usaha tani (demfarm) di tiap desa, menyediakan skim kredit lunak, menegakkan kebijakan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah (HPP), dan meningkatkan partisipasi petani dalam pembangunan pertanian. Implikasinya bahwa harus ada upaya khusus untuk mempertahankan penerapan teknologi PTT yang didukung oleh kredit lunak dengan prosedur sederhana, penerapan HPP secara konsisten, dan bimbingan teknis melalui program demfarm.  

English
The main problem of disadvantaged areas is poverty. Since most are dependent on agriculture, then the most appropriate strategy for increasing the population welfare in disadvantaged areas is by increasing agriculture productivity through technological innovation. This study aimed to formulate strategies to improve farmers’ capacity through technological innovation to accelerate agricultural development. The analysis was conducted using the SWOT method based on primary data collected through surveys in West Java, Bengkulu, and South Kalimantan provinces in 2015. The results showed that strategy to pursue sustainable movement of the Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology was the first priority in these three provinces. Other priorities were to improve extension workers’ facilities, provide technical guidance through ICM field school, conduct farm demonstration (demfarm) program in each village, provide soft loan schemes, enforce the Government Purchasing Price (GPP) policy, and increase farmer participation in agricultural development. Consequently, there should be a special effort to maintain ICM technology application, supported by a simple procedure of formal loan, consistent implementation of GPP, and technical guidance through the demfarm program.
LncRNA LINC00665 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis via Targeting MiR-181a-5p/FHDC
Authors: Wang Suli , Wang Yingchun , Lu Jin , Wang Jinhua
Published: October 2021

Objective: Previous reports indicate that long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00665 naturally occurred vital effect in various cancers. Herein, the role of LINC00665 in ovarian cancer progress was explored.Methods: We found that LINC00665 was upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Besides that, A series of assays including flow cytometry, wound-healing, Transwell, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and EdU assay confirmed that the knockdown of LINC00665 could reduce the viability, proliferation and migration of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that many lncRNAs can function as endogenous miRNA sponges by competitively binding common miRNAs. In this study, the bioinformatics analysis suggested that LNC00665 specifically binds to miR-181a-5p.Results: LINC00665 downregulated the miR-181a-5p in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. The knockdown of miR-181a-5p evidently reverses the inhibitory effect of sh-LINC00662. Besides, FH2 Domain Containing 1 (FHDC1) has been proved to deed as an effective target of miR-181a-5p.Conclusion: Our results reveal the knockdown of LINC00665 facilitates ovarian cancer via development by sponging miR-181a-5p and upregulating FHDC1 expression; these may contribute to ovarian cancer therapy.
Cefazolin and Imipenem Enhance AmpC Expression and Resistance in NagZ-Dependent Manner in Enterobacter Cloacae
Authors: Yang Xianggui , Wang Zhenguo , Yu Xuejing , Zhong Yuanxiu , Wang Fuying , Xu Ying
Published: October 2021

Background: Enterobacter cloacae (EC) is a commonly occurring opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for causing various infections in humans. Owing to its inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), EC is inherently resistant to the 1st- and 2nd- generation cephalosporins. However, whether β-lactams antibiotics enhance EC resistance remains unclear.Results: In this study, we found that subinhibitory concentrations (SICs) of cefazolin (CFZ) and imipenem (IMP) are able to advance the expression of AmpC and improve its resistance towards β - lactams through NagZ in EC clinical isolate. Our work indicate that AmpC manifested a substantial upregulation in EC in response to SICs of CFZ and IMP. In nagZ knockout EC (ΔnagZ), we found that the resistance to β - lactam antibiotics was rather weakened and the effect of CFZ and IMP on induction of AmpC was completely abrogated. Ectopic expression of NagZ can rescue the induction effect of CFZ and IMP on AmpC and enhance resistance in ΔnagZ. More importantly, CFZ and IMP have the potential to bring about the target genes expressions of AmpR in a NagZ-dependent manner.Conclusions: Our findings show that NagZ is a critical determinant for CFZ and IMP to promote AmpC expression and improve resistance and that CFZ and IMP should be used with caution since they may aggravate EC resistance. At the same time, this study further improves our understanding of resistance mechanisms in EC.
Heritability And Genetic Correlations For Hormone-Sensitive Cancers In The UK Biobank: A Molecular Evidence of Shared Aetiology
Authors: Ahmed Muktar , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Mulugeta Anwar , Shin Jisu , Boyle Terry , Hypponen Elina , Lee Sang Hong
Published: October 2021

Hormone-related cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, ovaries, uterine, and thyroid, globally contribute to the majority of cancer incidence. We hypothesize that hormone-sensitive cancers share common genetic risk factors that have rarely been investigated by previous genomic studies of site-specific cancers. To test this hypothesis, we analysed five hormone-sensitive cancers in the UK Biobank as a single disease. We observed that a significant proportion of variance in disease liability was explained by the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., SNP-based heritability on the liability scale was estimated as 10.06% (SE 0.70%) for the disease. Moreover, we found 55 genome-wide significant SNPs for the disease, using a genome-wide association study. Our finding suggests that heritable genetic factors may be a key driver in the mechanism of carcinogenesis shared by hormone-sensitive cancers.
High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Yunnan, China
Authors: Tu Wei , Li Yu-Ye , Kuang Yi-Qun , Xie Rong-Hui , Dong Xing-Qi , Zhang Dan , Ma Yan-Ling , Zhang Wan-Yue , Lu Lin
Published: October 2021

Background
Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in the country. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms.
Methods
We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and HSV-2 tests were also performed.
Results
Among 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STI was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in ART individuals, respectively. Testing frequency was 11.6% (11.8% vs 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae and genitalium. Percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in ART participants. Females, age between 18 to 35 years, ever injected drugs, homosexual or bisexual, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptom was not eliminating of having a laboratory-diagnosed STI.
Conclusions
STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs 49.0%), HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found high prevalence (6.4%) of Mycoplasma genitalium in ART-naive individuals. ART can reduce the diversity of STI-HIV coinfection but not the prevalence. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or maybe hide their genital tract discomfort, thus we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals whether they describe genital tract discomfort or not.
Cattle Maternal Diversity Inferred From 1,883 Taurine And Indicine Mitogenomes
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Jagt Christy Vander , Chamberlain Amanda , Cocks Benjamin , MacLeod Iona , Daetwyler Hans
Published: October 2021

Maternal diversity based on a sub-region of mitochondrial genome or variants were commonly used to understand past demographic events in livestock. Additionally, there is growing evidence of direct association of mitochondrial genetic variants with a range of phenotypes. Therefore, this study used bovine complete mitogenomes from a large sequence database to explore the full spectrum of maternal diversity. Mitogenome diversity was evaluated among 1883 animals representing 156 globally important cattle breeds. Overall, the mitogenomes were diverse: presenting 11 major haplogroups, expanding to 1309 unique haplotypes, with nucleotide diversity 0.011 and haplotype diversity 0.99. A small proportion of African taurine (3.5%) and indicine (1.3%) haplogroups were found among the European taurine breeds and composites. The haplogrouping was largely consistent with the population structure derived from alternate clustering methods (e.g. PCA and hierarchical clustering). Further, we present evidence confirming a new indicine subgroup (I1a, 64 animals) mainly consisting of breeds originating from China and characterised by two private mutations within the I1 haplogroup. The total genetic variation was attributed mainly to within-breed variance (96.9%). The accuracy of the imputation of missing genotypes was high (99.8%) except for the relatively rare heteroplasmic genotypes, suggesting the potential for trait association studies within a breed.
Multidimensional Study On The Corrosion Inhibition of Polypyrrole-Chitosan (PPy-CTS) Composites For Carbon Steel In Acid Medium
Authors: Chen Baiyi , Xu Guohe , Wang Luyao , Zhang Chen , Li Congcong , Ju Guannan , Feng Huixia
Published: October 2021

The acidic corrosion of carbon steel is a great concern, which has caused serious economic losses on a global scale. Therefore, the exploitation of corrosion inhibition strategy for carbon steel and an in-depth study on its mechanism are of vital importance. Here we have developed a mixed type corrosion inhibitor of PPy-CTS, which incorporated the good solubility and adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS) into the excellent corrosion inhibition performance of polypyrrole (PPy) by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on CTS. The corrosion inhibition performance of PPy-CTS composites as a potential corrosion inhibitor for Q235 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization curve and AC impedance spectroscopy) and surface morphological (scanning electron microscopy and water droplet contact angle) characterization. The results revealed that PPy-CTS with the optimal concentration of 250 ppm achieved the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 91.1%. Subsequently, the corrosion inhibition mechanism was furtherly studied. Gibbs free energy obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the absorption of PPy-CTS corrosion inhibitor on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution belonged to a combined type of physisorption and chemisorption, which resulted in the formation of a physical barrier preventing the carbon steel from corrosion. In addition, the conductive polymer PPy of corrosion inhibitor possessed an oxide-film anodic protection for carbon steel. Ultimately, PPy-CTS effectively suppressed the corrosion reaction of carbon steel in harsh acidic environment through the synergistic effect of physical barrier and anodic protection.
Staples Versus Sutures For Skin Closure In Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Zirui , Liu Binfeng , Yang Hao , Zhao Liang
Published: October 2021

Objective: The purpose of this present study was to estimate complication and other outcomes associated with staples and sutures closure after hip arthroplasty through meta- analysis techniques and system review. Methods: We searched for articles on EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Eligibility of the searched trials. Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software is used to perform meta-analysis.Results: Four randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort trial chosen into our study. Our study indicated that the risk of infection and prolonged discharge higher with staples than with sutures for skin closure after hip arthroplasty. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in allergic reaction, dehiscence, inflammation, abscess formation, Hollander Wound Evaluation Score and patient's satisfaction with skin closure methods between the two groups after hip arthroplasty. However, the suture group may require additional operating time.Conclusions: Closure with suture have a lower risk of infection and prolonged discharge when compared with staples skin closure in hip arthroplasty, while it may take more time.
Adaptation and collaborative CLTS pathways: Experiential learning from mistakes and iterative changes for success
Authors: Dektar Benbella
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThis paper draws learnings and successes based on field implementation experience spanning four years (2016–2019) of implementing CLTS by Prince of Peace Orphans and Widows Vision, a community-based organization located in Kaberamaido district in eastern Uganda.MethodsThe study aimed to document, disseminate and inform from an evidence-based point of view how adaptation and collaborative engagements triggers learning from mistakes to inform iterative changes from improvements and success.This is a descriptive paper that used project documents review based on field implementation experience. Existing project reports were synthesised, collated and curated for evidence. Data were drawn from project reports and records to inform narratives in writing. Implementation of the project was executed in homogenous rural communities occupied by people of the same dialect, cultural and social settings.ResultsWe note that success in CLTS implementation can hardly be achieved by merely following prescriptions in handbooks and guidelines but rather by devising innovative community engagement and other participatory and community-driven techniques that foster adaptive management, promote ownership, and buy-in.Having learned from our failures, we used data to inform decisions and transformatively deviated from traditional CLTS implementation and introduced high impact and innovative approaches such as the use of CLTS helpdesks and Situation room, the Pamoja approach, learning labs and iterative feedback loops, innovatively tackling slippage and carefully introducing the follow-up mandona approach. These enhanced experiential learning and ultimately resulted in sustained sanitation behaviour.ConclusionsThe CLTS approach as outlined in the handbook needs to be flexibly adapted to address contextual needs. Reflective and learning sessions reinforced with routine feedback loops from implementers and beneficiaries yields tremendous results, propagates experiential learning, and ultimately results in a transformative deviation from undesirable to desired sanitation behaviours. These innovative approaches once carefully blended have proved to be sustainable, are adaptable and can work in an even larger scale and in a variety of contexts.