bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SFDR Improvement Algorithms for Current-Steering DACs
Authors: Mohyar Shaiful Nizam , Murakami Masahiro , Motozawa Atsushi , Kobayashi Haruo , Kobayashi Osamu , Matsuura Tatsuji
Published: May 2015

This paper presents algorithms for improving spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) — targeted at communication applications — by minimizing both current-source mismatches and glitches. Conventional segmented current-steering DACs suffer from static mismatches among current sources which cause nonlinearity and degrade SFDR, though glitch energy is relatively small. The data-weighted averaging (DWA) algorithm can reduce static current source mismatch effects, but it increases the effects of glitch energy. Here we investigate the use of both conventional Switching-Sequence Post-Adjustment (SSPA) calibration and One–Element-Shifting (OES) methods in order to reduce the effects of both nonlinearity and glitch energy. For further improvement, we propose and investigate a fully-digital combined algorithm to reduce static current source mismatch effects with minimal increase in the glitch energy. We also did simulations of the effect of combining these two compensation methods. Our MATLAB simulations show that the combined algorithm can improve SFDR performance by 24 dB, 22dB and 2dB compared to conventional thermometer-coded, one-element-shifting and SSPA methods respectively in some conditions. When we take current mismatch into account, the combined algorithm causes glitch energy to increase by only 0.02 to 0.2 % compared to the other three methods alone.
Digital Auto-Tuning for Center Frequency and Q-Factor of Gm-C Band-Pass Filter
Authors: Jin Guang Lei , Chen Hao , Gao Chuan , Zhang Yun Peng , Li Mu Rong , Kobayashi Haruo , Wu Shu , Takai Nobukazu , Niitsu Kiichi , Hadidi Khayrollah
Published: May 2015

This paper describes digital auto-tuning schemes for second-order Gm-C bandpass filters which are suitable for fine CMOS implementation. We propose a switched Gm-C analog filter and two digital tuning schemes: a center frequency tuning scheme using the phase information and a Q factor tuning scheme using the magnitude information. We present circuits, describe their operations, and present SPICE simulation results.
Automatic Synthesis of Comparator Circuit Using Genetic Algorithm and SPICE Optimizing Function
Authors: Negishi Takayuki , Arai Naoki , Takai Nobukazu , Kato Masato , Seki Hiroaki , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: May 2015

This Paper Describes our Challenge of Automatic Analog Circuit Design by Focusingon a Comparator Circuit which is One of the Important Analog Building Blocks. the Geneticalgorithm Chooses the Optimal Circuit Topology and HSPICE Optimizing Function Obtains Theiroptimal Parameter Values Automatically. Automatic Design for Analog Circuit has Not Beenrealized yet, even though Automatic Design is being Used in Digital Circuit Design; the Reasonbehind this is that the Number of Parameters to Be Considered in an Analog Circuit Designis much Larger than Digital Circuit Design. Nowadays it is Extremely Difficult to Design Icsmanually due to their Large Scale Integration and Hence their Automatic Design is Demanded. Wepresent our Automatic Circuit Design Owchart Programmed with Java Language which Realizes1-Click Automatic Synthesis of the Comparator, and Shows that our Method can Obtain a Betterperformance Comparator Compared to an Initially-Set Comparator.
Comparison of NRZ and 4-PAM Coding for High-Speed VLSI Data Transmission
Authors: Yuminaka Yasushi , Takada Yuuki
Published: May 2015

As the Required Data Rate for VLSI System Communication Increases, Channel Bandwidthlimitation Becomes a Crucial Problem as High-Frequency Channel Loss Degrades the Transmission Performance.In this Paper, we Compare Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) Binary and 4-PAM (pulse Amplitudemodulation) Coding Techniques for High-Speed Data Transmission by Fabricating a Test Board of a Microstripline. by Extracting the Micro-Strip Line Parameters, we Carry out Co-Simulations to Evaluate Spectrallyefficient Coding for High-Speed Data Transmission.We Consider the Conditions for which 4-Pamsignaling Provides an Advantage over NRZ Signaling from the Viewpoint of Channel Profiles.
Surface Measurement by Digital Holography with New Unwrapping Method
Authors: Takahashi Yoshitaka , Sahara Fuyuki
Published: May 2015

Digital holography can record 3-D image of the object by using one CCD camera. Surface shape can be measured by changing angles of the object-illuminating mirror. But the measured signals are wrapped because of the periodicity of a sinusoidal function, and then phase unwrapping is needed. We have developed a new modified phase unwrapping method and applied it to surface measurement. Unwrapping errors were significantly reduced in comparison to application of the previous method.
Computational Analysis of Heavy Ion-DNA Interaction Using Molecular Dynamics Method
Authors: Nagao Akie , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: May 2015

We studied DNA damages in heavy ion irradiation for its radiotherapy using molecular dynamics (MD) method. We adopted semi-empirical hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method of Amber in order to investigate the cleavage of chemical bond by heavy ion in our simulation. We found the cleavage of chemical bond, although the simulated energy of heavy ion turned out to be slightly higher than the one determined by experiment.
Study of Allylsilyl and Hydrosilyl Groups as Anchor Moieties of Sensitizing Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kakiage Kenji , Yamamura Masaki , Kyomen Toru , Unno Masafumi , Hanaya Minoru
Published: May 2015

Allylsilyl and hydrosilyl groups were examined as the anchor moieties of sensitizing dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells by using silylazobenzene dyes. Allylsilyl and hydrosilyl dyes were observed to adsorb efficiently onto TiO2electrodes and the dye-adsorbed electrodes exhibited high durability to water. Light-to-electric energy conversions were also confirmed in the cells using the dye-adsorbed electrodes. The results show a high potential of allylsilyl and hydrosilyl dyes as the sensitizing dyes.
Design of Hysteresis Controlled Single-Inductor Multi-Output DC-DC Converter
Authors: Tanaka Shunsuke , Nagashima Tatsunori , Kobori Yasunori , Kaneya Kotaro , Sakai Takahiro , Kumar Biswas Sumit , Takai Nobukazu , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: May 2015

This Paper Describes Application of the Hysteresis Control to the Single-Inductordual-Output (SIDO) Power Supply Circuit to Realize High Performance, Low Cost and Small Sizepower Supply Circuits. the Sidos can Realize Small Number of Inductors (hence Small Size Andlow Cost) in the System where Multiple Power Supplies are Required, but their Performance Isnot Very Good if Conventional SIDO Control Methods are Used. we Show with Simulation Andexperiment that the Hysteresis Control can Realize High Performance SIDO Converters.
Observation of Magnetic Nanodot Arrays Using Near-Field Polarization Microscope
Authors: Takahashi Ryosuke , Jin Tao , bin Mohamad Zulfakri , Zhang Hui , Huda Miftakhul , Nhat Vu Le Mine , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: May 2015

In this study, we tried to develop the scanning near-field polarization microscope (SNPM) and challenge to observe magnetization of the magnetic nanodot in the arrays. The CoPt dot arrays with a size of 25 nm and a pitch of 150 nm were adopted. The nanodots change contrast after changing the direction of the external magnetic field. This implied that our prototyped SNPM system had the resolution of less than 25 nm. So, it is demonstrated that SNPM is an effective tool for the observation of magnetization of the magnetic nanodot on the nanometer scale.
Performance Optimization of a Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Kerrour F. , Kemouche M. Salah , Beddiaf Aziz
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the thermo-mechanical modelling of an entire sensor structure, under hydrostatic pressure, is carried out using commercial FEM software COMSOL multiphysics. A comparison of the obtained results with those found in the literature, allows us to corroborate the well-known models. Furthermore, the design of high performance conventional silicon-based pressure sensors for low-pressure biomedical applications has been achieved by optimizing the influencing parameters on the two features mentioned above.For a specific biomedical application, a complete analysis, considering the impact of the device thickness, embedding type and diaphragm material, has shown that the highest performances are reached for a silicon diaphragm thickness of 65μm, a circular shape having a radius of 1750μm and a cavity thickness of 4.6μm. Simulation results show that the sensor under investigation yields a quasi linear response with pressure values lying in the range [0 ÷70kPa]. The pressure sensitivity is about 2 pF/bar, and the thermal drift is about 16 ppm/°C for a temperature range [-20°C÷ 150°C]. The obtained results may well contribute to the optimization of the device’s performances and can provide to the designer several chosen criteria for a given application.
A Novel Material for Chemical Sensor Applications: Oxidized MEH-PPV
Authors: Shabani Pejman , Boroumand Farhad Akbari , Hossein-Babaei Faramarz
Published: May 2015

Poly [2-methoxy, 5-(2¢-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) is a well known hole-conducting semiconductor utilized in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices because of its interesting electroluminescence. However, both electroluminescence and electrical conduction in this material sharply deteriorate upon exposure to oxygen, necessitating fabrication and hermetic sealing of the MEH-PPV-based devices in oxygen-free environments. Same shortcoming has excluded the material from applications requiring air exposure. We have recently presented a model for the oxidation mechanism of an MEH-PPV layer and have shown that such layers, after oxidation at certain conditions, can support air-stable electrical conduction. Here, we describe the experimental conditions required for the preparation of an oxidized MEHPPV layer, and provide experimental data on the stability of such layers at different conditions. It is shown that the fabricated air-stable oxidized MEH-PPV layers are excellent for a number of chemical sensor applications.
Printable, Transparent Force Sensing Resistive Materials for Touchscreen Applications
Authors: Dempsey Sarah , Szablewski Marek , Bloor David , Atkinson Del
Published: May 2015

A transparent, force sensing resistive ink suitable for touchscreen technology is presented, which is capable of detecting both touch location and the applied force. The force sensing behavior is realized by a screen-printed ink layer which consists of pre-formed semi-conductive granules dispersed in an insulating polymer. The granule size is of a comparable dimension to the thickness of the printed layer. Conduction is via the creation of pressure-induced conductive pathways through the layer at the contact point. With increasing force the number of pathways increases and the resistance of the pathways decreases, reducing the resistance through the layer. The electrical behavior was tested with finger-press forces up to 5 N using a load cell and stylus attachment. Optical properties of the touchscreen were assessed using a spectrophotometer to measure the transmitted light over the range of visible wavelengths. Both the force-resistance profiles and the optical properties of the layer are dependent on the granule loading and composition. The structural, optical and force-resistance performance of test devices are discussed.
Subnanometer Aluminium Oxide Film as a Model Photochemical Sensor
Authors: Tvauri Inga , Khubezhov Soslan , Gergieva Bela , Magkoeva Viktoria , Grigorkina Galina , Bliev Aleksandr , Magkoev Tamerlan
Published: May 2015

The growth and the atomic structure of alumina films of submonolayer to multilayer thickness evaporated onto the surface of Mo (110) crystal have been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy, high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is shown that the stoichiometry of the submonolayer film corresponds to that of the bulk oxide, and after achieving two monolayers the properties of the film largely resemble the properties of massive alumina. Deposition of the oxide at a substrate temperature of 1100 K results in the film structure corresponding to α-Al2O3. Such ultrathin oxide film is of considerable potential application in sensor physics and technology.
Ferroelectric-Ferromagnetic Solid Solutions of PZT-Ferrite Type
Authors: Bochenek Dariusz , Niemiec Przemysław , Chrobak Artur
Published: May 2015

In presented work the ferroelectric-ferromagnetic solid solutions based on multicomponent PZT type ferroelectric powders and ferromagnetic powder (chromium-manganese-zinc ferrite) were designed and obtained. In solid solutions the ferroelectric powders have 90 percent share, while ferrite powders have 10 percent share. The syntheses of mixed components of solid solutions were performed using the solid phase method and final densification was performed by free sintering (compacting method).The XRD, the microstructure, dielectric and magnetic (and electrical hysteresis loop) investigations were performed. Obtained results shown that solid solution PZT-ferrite type shown at low temperatures coexistence the magnetic and the electrical subsystem. Such properties of these materials give the possibility to use them to construct magnetoelectric transducers.
Temperature Dependence of Responses in Metal Oxide Gas Sensors
Authors: Rahbarpour S. , Sajed S. , Ghafoorifard H.
Published: May 2015

Selecting an optimum operating temperature for metal oxide gas sensors is of prime technical importance. Here, the temperature behavior of various kinds of metal oxide gas sensors in response to different levels of reducing contaminants in air is reported. The examined gas sensor samples include a Tin oxide-based resistive gas sensor and home-made diode-type Ag-TiO2-Ti gas sensors. Recorded response vs. temperature curves of all samples represent two different typical features: The responses related to the resistive gas sensor exhibit distinct maximum response at a well defined operating temperature regardless of the target gas concentration level, but the diode type samples demonstrated a continuously rising response as the operating temperature decreased to highly contaminated atmospheres. At low contaminant levels, diode type gas sensors change their behaviour and act similar to resistive gas sensors. Reported results were described by a model based on the gas diffusion theory.
Magnetic Nanoparticles of (Co0.94Fe0.06)72.5Si12.5B15 and Fe78Si9B13 Obtained by Electric Explosion of Amorphous Wires
Authors: Beketov I.V. , Pérez R. , Bagazeev A.V. , Vazquez M. , Medvedev A.I. , Safronov А. , Kurlyandskaya G.V.
Published: May 2015

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were produced by the electric explosion of wire method (EEW) using (Co0.94Fe0.06)72.5Si12.5B15 and Fe78Si9B13 amorphous wires. The wires were exploded in Ar atmosphere at 0.12 MPa. After the explosion the surface of all produced nanoparticles was passivated with oxygen. The produced MNPs are spherical low aggregated particles with average size below 37 nm and rather narrow size distributions with geometric standard deviation less than 1.7. Both materials are multiphase and contain up to 23 wt % of amorphous phase.
Magnetic Microfluidic Platform for Biomedical Applications Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Stipsitz Martin , Kokkinis Georgios , Gooneratne Chinthaka , Kosel Jurgen , Cardoso Susana , Cardoso Filipe , Giouroudi Ioanna
Published: May 2015

Microfluidic platforms are well-suited for biomedical analysis and usually consist of a set of units which guarantee the manipulation, detection and recognition of bioanalyte in a reliable and flexible manner. Additionally, the use of magnetic fields for perfoming the aforementioned tasks has been steadily gainining interest. This is due to the fact that magnetic fields can be well tuned and applied either externally or from a directly integrated solution in the diagnostic system. In combination with these applied magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles are used. In this paper, we present some of our most recent results in research towards a) microfluidic diagnostics using MR sensors and magnetic particles and b) single cell analysis using magnetic particles. We have successfully manipulated magnetically labeled bacteria and measured their response with integrated GMR sensors and we have also managed to separate magnetically labeled jurkat cells for single cell analysis.
Organometallic Approach for the Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanostructured Gas Sensitive Layers
Authors: Jońca Justyna , Kahn L. Myrtil , Fajerwerg Katia , Chaudret Bruno , Chapelle Audrey , Menini Philippe , Fau Pierre
Published: May 2015

A reproducible organometallic approach was used in order to prepare zinc oxide gas sensitive layers. Various ZnO nanostructures with well-defined morphology were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of suitable organometallic precursor. These nanomaterials were deposited on miniaturized gas sensors substrates by an ink-jet method. The as prepared devices were tested towards different reducing gases, namely: CO, C3H8, and NH3. We showed that the morphology of these nanostructures significantly influences the sensor response level and selectivity to the reducing gases.
Preparation of Fe(Pt,Pd) Alloy Thin Films with Flat Surfaces on MgO(001) Single-Crystal Substrates
Authors: Ohtake Mitsuru , Itabashi Akira , Futamoto Masaaki , Kirino Fumiyoshi , Inaba Nobuyuki
Published: May 2015

Fe50(Pt1–xPdx)50 (at. %, x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloy thin films are prepared on MgO(001) substrates by using two methods, high-temperature deposition at 600 °C (one-step method) and low-temperature deposition at 200 °C followed by annealing at 600 °C (two-step method). The influence of formation method on the film structure is investigated. L10 crystals epitaxially grow on the substrates when films are deposited at 600 °C. Disordered crystals transform into L10 structure when films are annealed at 600 °C. The films with x > 0.5 consist of L10(001) crystals with the c-axis normal to the substrate surface, whereas the films with x < 0.25 involve small volumes of L10(100) crystals with the c-axis lying in the film plane. Similar final crystallographic orientation is realized for the Fe (Pt,Pd) films prepared by employing the two different methods. The films prepared by one-step method possess island-like surfaces involving side facets, while those prepared by two-step method have very flat surfaces with the arithmetical mean roughness lower than 0.2 nm. The two-step method is effective for preparation of Fe (Pt,Pd) films with flat surfaces.
Variations of the Magnetic Permeability and Barkhausen Noise in a Welded Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Statharas Lefteris
Published: May 2015

The present paper investigates the utilization of both the magnetic Barkhausen noise and permeability measurements for the nondestructive distinguish of the three welding zones in a welded low carbon steel.
Abinitio Micromagnetic Calculations in Steel with Ferromagnetic Behavior
Authors: Stefani Christina
Published: May 2015

The numerical magnetization modeling in magnetic materials is achieved by computing methods which determine the specific characteristics of each material by region and boundary conditions. Finite element method is presented, in comparison with other methods. Furthermore, there is presented the mathematical formula used, based on the minimization of the total energy density of configuration of magnetization.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Iron Nanoellipsoids Bioinspired by Magnetotactic Bacteria
Authors: Luna Carlos , Barriga-Castro Enrique D. , Mendoza-Reséndez Raquel
Published: May 2015

Ferromagnetic iron nanoellipsoids were prepared by the hydrogen reduction of ellipsoidal hematite nanoarchitectures. These magnetic nanoscale particles displayed a microstructure that showed clear similarities to the magnetosome chains of the magnetotactic bacteria. Specifically, such nanoellipsoids are formed by single-domain nanocrystals assembled into double chains sharing the same crystallographic orientation. In the present contribution, the magnetic properties of the Fe nanoellipsoids were explained considering the chain of spheres model of Jacobs and Bean, and thermal effects.
Biomimetic Sensors of the Mechanoelectrical Transduction Based on the Polyelectrolyte Gels
Authors: Blyakhman Felix , Safronov Alexander , Shklyar Tatyana
Published: May 2015

The mechanoelectrical transduction is studied on the synthetic polyelectrolyte gel sensors prepared by the radical polymerization and the cross-linking of calcium methacrylate in aqueous solution. The electrochemical potential of the gel sensors was measured in the course of their stretching deformation in the stepwise and oscillatory regimes. As the network of the gel was negatively charged the potential was negative with the mean value –90 mV. Under the stretching load the negative potential of the sensor diminished proportionally to the deformation both in the stepwise and the oscillatory regimes. Upon the oscillatory triangular linear axial deformation the potential of the sensor closely followed the load/unload dynamics deformation with the small time shift. The sensitivity of the mechanoelectrical transduction was 1 – 2 mV per 1% of deformation depended on the network density and the regime of stretching.
Parameters Affecting the Magnetoelectric Response of Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Polymer Laminates
Authors: Lasheras Andoni , Gutiérrez Jon , Barandiarán Jose Manuel , Shishkin D.A. , Potapov A.P.
Published: May 2015

Fabrication of magnetoelectric laminates to be used high sensitivity sensors is a critical task and turns out to be influenced by different factors. Among them, the length of the composite (that determines the working frequency of the device) and the epoxy glue characteristics and cure process (that determines the ME signal measured at high temperatures) are of great importance. Here we present results concerning the magnetoelectric response of laminate composites fabricated with an Fe61,6Co16,4Si10,8B11,2amorphous alloy as the magnetostrictive component and the poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer as the piezoelectric one. Measurements have been performed with composites ranging from 3 cm to 1 cm length and from room temperature up to 100 oC.As observed, an appropriate gluing process between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components assures the measured magnetoelectric signal to keep constant up to about 60 oC, a temperature where the α-relaxation of the PVDF occurs and the piezoelectric response starts decaying. On the other hand, magnetoelastic resonance (working) frequencies change from 67.5 KHz for the device with L=3 cm to 215 KHz (within the radio-frequency range) for the 1 cm long one. Even for the shortest laminate, we are still able to detect some 6 V/cm.Oe at 100 oC. This makes such laminate composites suitable for high temperature and high frequency applications.
Processing of an Integrated Optical Sensor with Almost 100% Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Jonak-Auer I. , Jessenig S.
Published: May 2015

We report on a new fabrication process of integrated PIN photodetectors with very high quantum efficiencies into a 0.35μm CMOS process, including improved processing for bottom antireflective coating (BARC). The integration process is such that complete modularity of the CMOS process remains untouched by the implementation of the highly efficient photodetectors. Due to the fact that only two additional masks and one ion implantation step are necessary for the implementation of PIN photodetectors including BARC, this integration process also proves to be very cost effective. In-house processed p-doped intrinsic layers with EPI doping levels as low as 1∙1012/cm3 serve as CMOS base material. This is a doping level that major semiconductor vendors could not provide. With just one additional mask and ion implantation we provide doping concentrations very similar to standard CMOS substrates to areas outside the photoactive regions. Thus full functionality of the standard CMOS logic can be guaranteed while the photodetectors highly benefit from the low doping concentrations of the intrinsic EPI. Special surface protection techniques are performed to maintain the low doping concentrations of the substrate during the complete CMOS processing. To further enhance the photosensor’s quantum efficiency especially of photodetector arrays we present a new BARC process. With this new BARC process we can lower the dark current in photodiode arrays by at least one order of magnitude compared to currently established plasma-etch methods. The following photodiode parameters could be accomplished for 100x100μm2 single photodiodes with BARC: quantum efficiencies of 76%, 99.8% and 74% at wavelengths of 500nm, 675nm and 850nm, respectively, capacitances of 0.13pF and dark currents of 1.18pA for unbiased photodiodes.
Low Energy Standard Model Interactions in Condensed Matter
Authors: Swain John , Widom Allan , Srivastava Yogendra N.
Published: May 2015

This paper briey reviews the current status of Standard Model (weak and strong nuclear) interactions induced in condensed matter systems via the excitation of collective de-grees of freedom to provide the necessary energies. The central point is that a variety of low energy systems can accelerate electrons to several MeV, making it possible to produce neutrons via collisions with protons and to photodissociate nuclei via giant dipole resonances allowing a wide variety of nuclear transmutations to occur. Some sample systems are discussed as well as some of their implications.
Anisotropic Co-Hf Thin Films for Micro-Sensors and Micro-Transducers
Authors: Madurga V. , Favieres C. , Vergara J.
Published: May 2015

Thin films of Co-Hf (≈ 86-14 % at.) were grown over Si micro-cantilevers using a glancing-angle deposition technique. A controlled easy direction of magnetisation (anisotropy field μoHk ≈ 0.1 T) in the longitudinal or in the transverse direction of the micro-cantilevers was generated. The mechanical properties of the films under the action of a magnetic field were opposite depending on the magnetisation’s easy direction: i) their deflection was either zero or the maximum value depending on the direction of the applied magnetic field with respect to the parallel or transverse easy direction of magnetisation; ii) the shift in the resonance frequency under a longitudinal or transverse magnetic field was also different depending on the longitudinal or transverse easy direction of magnetisation. The use of these coated devices with micromagnet-like films for sensors and transducers is discussed.
Familial and socio-economic correlates of somatisation disorder
Authors: Obimakinde Abimbola M. , Ladipo Modupe M. , Irabor Achiaka E.
Published: May 2015

Background: Somatisation disorder can result from an interplay between suboptimal family environment and socio-economic deprivation, which enhances the underlying cognitive tendency for this disorder. There are pertinent familial and socio-economic factors associated with this disorder, but research addressing this is sparse.Aim and setting: The study aims to evaluate family and socio-economic factors that are associated with somatisation disorder amongst patients presenting to the Family Medicine clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: This is an observational case-control study of 120 participants who presented to the clinic between May and August 2009. Data collection was by interviewer-administered structured questionnaire using the World Health Organization Screener for Somatoform Disorder and Somatoform Disorder Schedule to ascertain somatisation in 60 patients who were then matched with 60 controls. The respondents’ demographic and family data were also collected and their interpersonal relationships were assessed with the Family Relationship Index.Results: The somatising patients were mostly females (70%), with a female to male ratio of 2.3:1 and mean age of 43.65 ± 13.04 years.Living in a polygamous family (as any member of the family) was significantly related to somatisation (p = 0.04). Somatisation was also more common in people who were separated, divorced or widowed (p = 0.039). Somatisers from a lower social class or those earning below a dollar a day experienced poorer cohesion (p = 0.042) and more conflicts (p = 0.019) in their interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: This study was able to demonstrate that a polygamous family setting, disrupted marriage, low social status and financial constraints are correlates of somatisation. It is of essence to identify these factors in holistic management of somatising patients.
Tooth discoloration induced by calcium-silicate-based pulp-capping materials
Authors: Yun Da-A , Park Su-Jung , Lee Seok-Ryun , Min Kyung-San
Published: May 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration induced by contact with various calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials in the presence or absence of blood in vitro. Materials and Methods: Eighty bovine samples were divided into six experimental groups and two control groups according to the type of material used (ProRoot [PR], Endocem [EC], or EndocemZr [ECZ]) and the presence or absence of contamination with blood. A spectrophotometer was used to calculate the color difference (ΔE) between the baseline measurement (after placement of materials) and measurements taken 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The results were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, Tukey's post-hoc tests and independent t-tests (P = 0.05). Results: The PR group and EC group showed significantly higher mean values of ΔE than the negative control group after 2 weeks (P < 0.05), whereas ECZ did not. There were larger ΔE values when there was contact with blood, especially in PR and EC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ECZ which contains zirconium oxide as a radiopacifier showed less discoloration irrespective of blood contamination compared to PR and EC.
Comparison of temperature rise in pulp chamber during polymerization of materials used for direct fabrication of provisional restorations: An in-vitro study
Authors: Khajuria Rajat R. , Madan Ravi , Agarwal Swatantra , Gupta Reecha , Vadavadgi Sunil V. , Sharma Vikas
Published: May 2015

Objective: The purpose is to compare temperature rise in the pulp chamber during fabrication of provisional crowns using different materials and on different types of teeth using direct technique. Materials and Methods: An extracted, sound, caries free maxillary central incisor and a mandibular molar were selected for the study and crown preparations of all ceramic and all metal were done on central incisor and mandibular molar, respectively. Materials tested were DPI tooth molding self-curing material and protemp-4. Addition silicone putty was used as a matrix and 80 provisional crowns were fabricated, of which 40 were on central incisor and 40 on mandibular molar. Depending on the type of material used, they were further divided into two subgroups: Each comprising 20 provisional crowns. Temperature readings were recorded using K type of thermocouple with 0.1°C precision digital thermometer. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference and Kruskall–Wallis H-test. Results: Statistically significant difference exists between two materials tested on the basis of peak temperature achieved and time taken by a particular material to reach peak temperature. Peak temperature achieved was highest for provisional crowns with DPI tooth molding self-curing material on maxillary central incisor (40.39 + 0.46), followed by DPI tooth molding self-curing material on mandibular molar (40.03 + 0.32), protemp-4 on maxillary central incisor (39.46 + 0.26) and least with protemp-4 on mandibular molar (39.09 + 0.33). The time taken to reach peak temperature was almost double in DPI tooth molding self-curing material (5 min) than in protemp-4. Conclusion: Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced higher intra-pulpal rise when compared to newer generation bis-acrylic composite.
Effects of pulp capping materials on fracture resistance of Class II composite restorations
Authors: Kucukyilmaz Ebru , Yasa Bilal , Akcay Merve , Savas Selcuk , Kavrik Fevzi
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cavity design and the type of pulp capping materials on the fracture resistance of Class II composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, sound molar teeth were selected for the study. A dovetail cavity on the mesio-occlusal and a slot cavity on disto-occlusal surfaces of each tooth were prepared, and the teeth were divided 4 groups which one of them as a control group. The pulp capping materials (TheraCal LC, Calcimol LC, Dycal) applied on pulpo-axial wall of each cavity, and the restoration was completed with composite resin. The teeth were subjected to a compressive load in a universal mechanical testing machine. The surfaces of the tooth and restoration were examined under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results: For pulp capping materials, the highest fracture load (931.15 ± 203.81 N) and the lowest fracture load (832.28 ± 245.75 N) were calculated for Control and Dycal group, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences among all groups (P > 0.05). The fracture load of the dovetail groups was significantly higher than those of the slot cavity groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dovetail cavity design shows better fracture resistance in Class II composite restorations, independent of used or not used pulp capping materials.
Periodontal treatment in a generalized severe chronic periodontitis patient: A case report with 7-year follow-up
Authors: Agrali Omer Birkan , Kuru Bahar Eren
Published: May 2015

The aim of the periodontal treatment is to provide healthy and functional dentition all through a lifetime. In this report, periodontal treatment of a 42-year-old male patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis is presented. He received initial periodontal treatment together with adjunctive antimicrobials. The devital teeth were endodontically treated, and free gingival grafts were placed at the inadequate keratinized tissue zones before regenerative surgery. Following the surgical treatment using enamel matrix derivatives and xenogenic bone graft combination, the patient was put on a strict recall program. After 12 months, favorable clinical and radiographical improvements were obtained. The 7-year maintenance of the present case with several initially hopeless teeth has been shown and discussed in this report. It can be concluded that optimum oral hygiene level as well as the positive cooperation of the patient enhanced the success of periodontal treatment results even in extremely severe periodontal destruction.
The reliability of the Greulich and Pyle atlas when applied to a Southern Turkish population
Authors: Gungor Ozge Erken , Celikoglu Mevlut , Kale Burak , Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Sari Zafer
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for Southern Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Hand and wrist radiographs of 535 patients (276 females, 259 males aged from 10 to 18 years) selected retrospectively from the archive. Skeletal age (SA) estimation was performed according to GP atlas. The chronological age (CA) and SA were compared using the Paired t-test. Results: The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from 0.07 to 1.11 years. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in group I (10–10.90 years) (P < 0.001), group II (11–11.90 years) (P < 0.050), group III (12–12.90 years) (P < 0.001), group IV (13–13.90 years) (P < 0.010), and group V (14–14.90 years) (P < 0.001) for females. The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from −0.41 to −1.79 years for females. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in all age groups. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found in the CA and SA assessed by GP method for the Southern Turkish sample. SA was significantly over-predicted in the 10–15 year ages in males and for 10–18 year ages for females. It is appropriate to use GP method in Southern Turkish children; however, a revision is needed for better results and to minimize the mistakes.
A three-dimension finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution in tooth supported 5-unit intermediate abutment prosthesis with rigid and nonrigid connector
Authors: Modi Ritesh , Kohli Shivani , Rajeshwari K. , Bhatia Shekhar
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the stress distribution in tooth supported 5-unit fixed partial denture (FPD) having tooth as pier abutment using rigid and nonrigid connectors respectively, under simultaneous and progressive loading. Material and Methods: The three-dimensional (3D) finite element program (ANSYS software) was used to construct the mathematical model. Two 5-unit FPD'S were simulated, one with rigid connector and another one with nonrigid connector. For analysis, each of these models were subjected to axial and oblique forces under progressive loading (180, 180, 120, 120, 80 N force on first and second molars, premolars and canine respectively) and simultaneous loading (100, 100, 100, 100, 100 N force on first and second molars, premolars and canine respectively). Results: The rigid and nonrigid connector design have effect on stress distribution in 5-unit FPDs with pier abutments. Conclusion: Oblique forces produce more stresses than vertical forces. Nonrigid connector resulted in decrease in stress at the level of prosthesis and increase in stress at the level of alveolar crest.
Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails
Authors: He Min , Liang Xiaoxia , Wang Kaiyu , Pu Haibo , Hu Yaodong , Ye Gang , Li Xue , Liu Ling
Published: May 2015

He, M., Liang, X., Wang, K., Pu, H., Hu, Y., Ye, G., Li, X. and Liu, L. 2015. Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 487–491. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related development and histomorphological changes in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in Chinese yellow quails. One hundred and twenty Chinese yellow quails were divided into 12 groups. After dissecting, the weight, length, width and index analysis of the BF were determined, and histomorphological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining at different ages. The weight of the BF gradually increased with age from 0 to 5 wk, reached a peak at 5 wk (100.23±6.47), then decreased quickly from 5 to 9 wk (63.21±3.90) and decreased slowly after 9 wk (P<0.05). The length of the BF was greater at 5 wk old than at 0 wk old (11.00±2.45 vs. 5.00±1.15, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 5 wk of age (P>0.05). The width of the BF was similar to the length. The organ index was higher at 1 wk of age compared with 5 wk of age (1.25±0.11 vs. 0.71±0.05, P<0.05) and reached its maximum from 0 to 36 wk of age. Histomorphological analysis revealed the different development stages of the BF at different ages. We detected the age-related development of the BF in Chinese yellow quails and observed the histomorphological modifications. This study may help increase our understanding of the quail's immune system and provide a basis for immunization research in Chinese yellow quails.
Response of selected glyphosate-resistant broadleaved weeds to premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (Solstice™) applied at two growth stages
Authors: Ganie Zahoor A. , Stratman Gail , Jhala Amit J.
Published: May 2015

Ganie, Z. A., Stratman, G. and Jhala, A. J. 2015. Response of selected glyphosate-resistant broadleaved weeds to premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (Solstice™) applied at two growth stages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 861–869. A premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (1:17.5 ratio) has recently been registered for post-emergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in corn. The objective of this study was to determine the response of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia to a premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione when applied to 10- and 20-cm-tall plants. Greenhouse dose response studies were conducted and log-logistic models were used to determine how the response varies between the weed species at two growth stages under various rates ranging from 21.8 to 218.5 g a.i. ha−1(0.25× to 2.5×). The effective rate required to achieve >90% control and shoot biomass reduction varied depending on the weed species and growth stage. The rates required for 90% control (ED90) of 10-cm-tall glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia were 78, 251, and 17 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, compared with 144, 489, and 79,349 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, for 20-cm-tall plants at 21 d after treatment (DAT). Based on visual control estimates at ED90level, glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp was the most sensitive at both growth stages; kochia was sensitive at 10-cm height, while giant ragweed was the least sensitive at both growth stages. Irrespective of weed species or growth stage, the ED90values calculated on the basis of shoot biomass reduction were mostly higher compared with visual control estimates. It is concluded that premix of fluthiacet-methyl plus mesotrione can be potentially used as a POST herbicide in corn for controlling glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp and kochia (≤ 10 cm tall) at the labeled rate (87 g a.i. ha−1).
Crop wild relatives as genetic resources – the case of the European wild grape
Authors: Schröder Stephan , Kortekamp Andreas , Heene Ernst , Daumann Joachim , Valea Ioana , Nick Peter
Published: May 2015

Schröder, S., Kortekamp, A., Heene, E., Daumann, J., Valea, I. and Nick, P. 2015. Crop wild relatives as genetic resources – the case of the European wild grape. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 905–912. Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, the European Wild Grape and ancestor of cultivated grapevine varieties (V. vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) is the sole wild grapevine species existing in Europe. This important crop wild relative (CWR) species is almost extinct, and persists only in residual habitats. Since these habitats are close to vineyards, this CWR species is endangered by hybridisation with its descendant crop and naturalised rootstocks that originate from viticulture. For this reason, we addressed two questions: To what extent have the remaining South German European Wild Grape accessions escaped hybridisation and preserved genetic identity? Second, what is the potential of this CWR species as a genetic resource for breeding in relation to several grapevine diseases? Using a set of highly resolving genetic markers, we were able to exclude introgression of autochthonous sylvestris accessions by cultivated grapevine. However, we detected introgression mostly from wild American species used as rootstocks in viticulture. The autochthonous accessions can be grouped into clusters. Comparative inoculation studies with the grapevine pathogens powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) revealed relatively high levels of resistance in some of the ssp. sylvestris accessions and represents a valuable genetic resource for resistance breeding.
Morita Classes of Microdifferential Algebroids
Authors: D'Agnolo Andrea , Polesello Pietro
Published: May 2015

Projective cotangent bundles of complex manifolds are the local models of complex contact manifolds. Such bundles are quantized by the algebra of microdifferential operators (a localization of the algebra of differential operators on the base manifold). Kashiwara proved that any complex contact manifold

X

is quantized by a canonical microdifferential algebroid (a linear stack locally equivalent to an algebra of microdifferential operators). Besides the canonical one, there can be other quantizations on

X

. Our aim is to classify them. More precisely, let

Y

be the symplectification of

X

. We prove that Morita (resp. equivalence) classes of microdifferential algebroids on

X

are described by

H^2(Y;\mathbb C^{\times})

. We also show that any linear stack locally equivalent to a stack of microdifferential modules is in fact a stack of modules over a microdifferential algebroid. To obtain these results we use techniques of microlocal calculus, non-abelian cohomology and Morita theory for linear stacks.
Spatial analysis of damaged vegetation in the Mianyuan River basin after the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Zhang H. Z. , Fan J. R. , Wang X. M. , Chi T. H. , Peng L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation. Presently, these areas of damaged vegetation are at various stages of recovery. In this study, we present a probabilistic approach for slope stability analysis that quantitatively relates data on earthquake-damaged vegetation with slope stability in a given river basin. The Mianyuan River basin was selected for model development, and earthquake-damaged vegetation and post-earthquake recovery conditions were identified via the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), from multi-temporal (2001–2014) remote sensing images. DSAL (digital elevation model, slope, aspect, and lithology) spatial zonation was applied to characterize the survival environments of vegetation, which were used to discern the relationships between successful vegetation regrowth and environmental conditions. Finally, the slope stability susceptibility model was trained through multivariate analysis of earthquake-damaged vegetation and its controlling factors (i.e. topographic environments and material properties). Application to the Subao River basin validated the proposed model, showing that most of the damaged vegetation areas have high susceptibility levels (88.1% > susceptibility level 3, and 61.5% > level 4). Our modelling approach may also be valuable for use in other regions prone to landslide hazards.
Operations Scheduling of Sugarcane Production Using Classical GERT Method (Part I: Land Preparation, Planting and Preserve Operations)
Authors: Monjezi Nasim , Sheikhdavoodi Mohammad Javad , Zakidizaji Hasan , Marzban Afshin , Shomeili Mahmood
Published: May 2015

Analysis and evaluation of agricultural systems use these criteria: energy, economic, agronomy, environmental conservation and time. Because of time importance indicator for reducing timeliness cost, project scheduling techniques are used. Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is widely used as a tool for managing projects. In this research GERT Networks were used and operations scheduling of sugarcane production (land preparation, planting and preserve operations) in Khuzestan province of Iran as a case study was analysed, by using WinQsb software. Critical activities, events and path were determined. The earliest project completion time is 214.03 days. The results show a high potential for operations scheduling of sugarcane production.
Operations Scheduling of Sugarcane Production Using Classical Gert Method (Part Ii: Preserve Operations, Harvesting and Ratooning)
Authors: Monjezi Nasim , Sheikhdavoodi Mohammad Javad , Zakidizaji Hasan , Marzban Afshin , Shomeili Mahmood
Published: May 2015

Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a systems analysis technique for project management. GERT provides a visual picture of the system and helps to analyse the system in a less inductive manner. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is studying the application of project scheduling in agriculture, for operations scheduling of sugarcane production (preserve operations, harvesting and rationing) using classical GERT method in Khuzestan province of Iran. Results showed that the network model was able to answer any statistic all the questions concerning the project. GERT networks are increasingly becoming a powerful tool for modelling, scheduling, planning, controlling and analysing of agricultural mechanization projects.