bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ENCAPSULATION ON SOME PROPERITES OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTRAUM
Authors: P. K. Faraj  , T. A. AL-Nashi
Published: January 2025

The objective of the study was to enhance the survivability of Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 29521) and investigate their resistance to some extreme conditions following its microencapsulation with alginate, chitosan, and olibanum gum. The study's findings showed that the use of olibanum gum in the first and second layers with alginate and chitosan protected the bacteria against various forms of pasteurization, as well as against extremely acidic conditions and high bile salt concentrations. After 28 days of storage at 4°C, the bacteria coated with the using of olibanum gum in the first and second layer demonstrated a great superiority in maintaining high numbers and better viability. The use of gum also contributed to increase the ability of the bacteria to withstand freezing storage at -18°C and re-thawing. The results also showed that olibanum gum was a superior cryoprotectant during freeze-drying process and storage for six months at 22 ℃. Also scanning electron microscope images showed that beads encapsulated with using of olibanum gum loaded a higher number of Lb. plantarum.
EFFECT OF REPRODUCTIVE STAGES ON SOME BLOOD METABOLITES IN THE SHOW AND RACEHORSE MARES IN IRAQ
Authors: M. A. Abed  , T. A. Abdulkareem  , W. A. Saleh
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effect of different reproductive stages on some blood metabolic biomarkers of the show and racehorse mares in Iraq. We selected eighteen show mares and fifteen racehorse mares and divided them into three categories: last month of pregnancy, post-foaling, and first month of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected twice via jugular venipuncture, and blood biochemical metabolic biomarkers were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and high liquid chromatography (HPLC). A significant (P≤0.05) increase was observed for the concentration of serum glucose and creatine of pregnant show horse mares in the last month compared to the remaining stages. Serum fatty acid concentrations were numerically higher in the last month than in the remaining stages. Showhorse mares were higher than racehorse mares for all stages. The differences observed in serum non-esterified fatty acids for all stages and the show and racehorse mares lacked significance. The racehorse mares exhibited higher (P≤0.05) serum concentrations of total protein than those of the showhorse mares. For both types, serum total protein was higher (P≤0.05) in the first and last month than in the post-foaling period. In conclusion,  some blood metabolites differ according to reproductive stages and mare types and can considered for diagnosing diseases and determining nutritional requirements for each type and reproductive stage.
ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO DO SÊMEN BOVINO NA PRODUÇÃO IN VITRO DE EMBRIÕES
Authors: Junior Marcio Gonçalves de Paula , Siqueira Adriano Felipe Perez
Published: January 2025

O estresse oxidativo é um desafio significativo na manipulação do sêmen, especialmente em condições atmosféricas e durante a criopreservação e o descongelamento. O sêmen quando exposto a condições inadequadas de manipulação, pode sofrer danos estruturais e ao DNA, resultado de um aumento das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Estas espécies reativas ao oxigênio, incluindo o peróxido de hidrogênio (H₂O₂), o oxigênio singleto (¹O₂) e radicais como o superóxido (O₂⁻) e hidroxila (OH⁻), são responsáveis por danos que comprometem a integridade das membranas plasmáticas dos espermatozoides e causam uma diminuição importante na qualidade do sêmen. Consequentemente há uma redução nas taxas de fertilização e nos índices de blastocistos, impactando negativamente a reprodução animal e por extensão, a eficiência das biotecnologias reprodutivas, como a produção in vitro de embriões. A criopreservação do sêmen é uma técnica essencial para a reprodução assistida, no entanto o processo de congelamento e descongelamento pode induzir a formação de cristais de gelo e gerar EROs em níveis patológicos. Durante a manipulação do sêmen em condições atmosféricas a remoção do plasma seminal e a exposição a flutuações de temperatura e umidade exacerbam o estresse oxidativo, reduzindo a viabilidade espermática. Estratégias como a adição de antioxidantes aos meios de cultura e diluentes de sêmen são necessárias para neutralizar essas espécies reativas e proteger as células reprodutivas. A conclusão deste estudo evidencia que o estresse oxidativo é um fator determinante na redução da qualidade do sêmen em biotecnologias reprodutivas. A manipulação inadequada, tanto em condições atmosféricas quanto durante processos de criopreservação, intensifica a produção de EROs resultando em danos significativos aos espermatozoides. É imperativo otimizar as condições de manipulação e desenvolver novas estratégias antioxidantes para mitigar esses efeitos. Melhorias nessas áreas não só aumentarão as taxas de sucesso na PIVE e em outras técnicas de reprodução assistida, mas também contribuirão para a eficiência da produção animal, gerando maior lucratividade no setor agropecuário.
Current Execution of Autogenous Vaccine for Health Management in Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Aquaculture - A Review
Authors: Naseer Adeeba , Waheed Noman , Liaqat Alia , Ather Nimra , Fatima Nisha , Fatima Eman , Iqbal Hafiza Amna , Kaleem Atif , Raza Muhammad Saqlain
Published: January 2025

With a focus on their application in batteries and catalytic processes for sustainable solutions, this review article explores the revolutionary potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as multifunctional materials that are advancing the fields of energy storage and catalysis. Their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties have attracted considerable attention due to their potential to revolutionize energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging solid-state technologies. The high surface area, conductivity, and structural versatility of CNTs enable them to improve charge capacity, cycling stability, and efficiency in battery systems. Additionally, CNTs exhibit remarkable catalytic properties, particularly in green chemistry, where they act as active catalysts in energy conversion processes such as hydrogen production, CO2, and decrease and conversion of biomass. The review highlights recent developments in CNT-based materials, the synthesis methods that maximize their performance, and their incorporation into energy systems for sustainable development. It also covers the difficulties in scaling up CNT-based technologies and the potential solutions to these problems, paving the way for their use in large-scale industrial settings. In the end, this analysis underscores the inspiring potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in propelling the transition to a more sustainable energy future, highlighting their versatility in energy storage and catalytic applications.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of Salivary Gland Swellings with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Sarkar Dr. Utpaul Kumar , Alam Dr. Mohd. Rafiul , Siddique Dr. Mohammad Abubakar , Kashem Dr. Md. Abul , Ali Dr. Md. Hasan , Tanjil-Ul- Alam Dr. Sheikh Mohammad , Sarker Dr. Shourav Kumar , D Dr. Tamal Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background: Salivary gland swelling is a common clinical presentation in Head Neck region. The parotid gland is the most commonly affected site. Accurate diagnosis is imperative considering wide-ranging differential diagnoses comprising infectious, inflammatory conditions, cysts, benign and malignant tumors. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as a useful, quick, nontraumatic diagnostic modality in this field by providing relevant information about the nature of such swellings. The study aims: to assess the diagnostic validity of FNAC in patients presenting with salivary gland swellings comparing the findings obtained from FNAC with histopathological findings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to November 2019 among the patients who presented to the Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. The sample size consists of a total of 50 patients presenting with salivary gland swellings. FNAC was done for all the patients, and the results were compared with the surgical biopsy and histopathological examination. Results: Of the 50 cases, 78% were neoplastic. The benign tumor most encountered was pleomorphic adenoma, constituting 59.26%, while the most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which accounted for 38.46%. The sensitivity of the FNAC came to 76.9%, specificity was 94.6%, PPV constituted 83.3%, NPV was 92.1%, and overall diagnostic accuracy came to 90.0%. Conclusion: FNAC is a very useful and effective diagnostic modality in the work-up of salivary gland swellings, with high diagnostic accuracy with respect to distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The findings indicate that FNAC diagnosis should be integrated with clinical correlation and histopathological confirmation to achieve maximum benefit in patient care with minimal diagnostic discrepancy.
Epidemiology of Multi-Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria in Central Morocco
Authors: Alami Mohammed Yassine , Chabou Nassira , Chakir Alae , Louzi Lhoussaine , Sbiti Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health problem, constituting one of the most serious threats to global health. A bacteria is said to be multi-resistant when it is resistant to at least one antibiotic molecule belonging to more than three different classes normally active against these bacteria. These infections are responsible for an increase in therapeutic impasse situations, hospital costs and the number of deaths. Material and Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study covering the results of antibiograms carried out in the bacteriology laboratory of the Moulay Ismail military hospital in Meknes spread over a period of 12 months (from June 2022 to May 2023). Results and Discussion: During this study period, 1217 bacterial strains were identified, 338 of which were multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MR BGN), representing a prevalence of 28%. The main MR BGN isolated were extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) at 43% Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) 16.1% and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) 15.9% (with a predominance of the species K.pneumoniae at 44.4%). Conclusion: The rationalization of the prescription of antibiotics and the rigorous application of hygiene and prevention rules will make it possible to limit the emergence of these multi- and highly resistant bacteria in our healthcare structures, a better knowledge of bacterial ecology and levels of resistance to different antibiotics will allow better care adapted to each hospital environment.
P PREDIKSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KOTA MALANG DENGAN MODEL ARIMA
Authors: Mochamad Husni
Published: January 2025

This research aims to apply data mining methods with the ARIMA model to predict the rate of economic growth in Malang City by using techniques in data mining to obtain varied and long-term predictions. The problem arises due to the use of conventional methods that are less able to provide projections for economic growth in the next few years. To overcome this problem, research using the ARIMA model is expected to solve the problem by producing predictions for the next few years and a good level of accuracy. The data used in this study were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Malang City Government for the period 2004 to 2023. The ARIMA (0,0,1) model is used as the main model in predicting the economic growth rate in Malang City along with five variables that may have an influence on the main variable. The ARIMA (0,0,1) model has a better level of accuracy when compared to the ARIMA (1,0,1) and ARIMA (1,1,1) models. The results showed that the ARIMA model built was able to predict the rate of economic growth quite well. This study concludes that the ARIMA model created is more varied in predicting economic growth and needs to be used parameters or methods, so that the prediction results can be used as a reference for the government in planning a more effective and efficient economic development strategy
Po pierwsze życzliwość, czyli dobre wychowanie według Jana Kamyczka
Authors: Jawor Anna
Published: January 2025

Jan Kamyczek to pseudonim Janiny Ipohorskiej, redaktorki, która w okresie PRL stała się dla Polaków wyrocznią w sprawach savoir-vivre’u. Wiedzę na ten temat upowszechniała w tygodniku „Przekrój” oraz w książkach, takich jak „Grzeczność na co dzień”. W artykule przypominam jej postać oraz kontekst kulturowy i społeczny, w jakim przyszło jej pracować, ale przede wszystkim zwracam uwagę na rewolucyjną zmianę, jaka za jej sprawą, zaszła w myśleniu o savoir-vivrze po wojnie. Istotą dobrego wychowania według Jana Kamyczka nie są sztywne reguły bon tonu, a wzajemna życzliwość międzyludzka. Również styl poradnictwa Kamyczka znacznie różni się od jej poprzedników. Traktuje swoich czytelników po partnersku, bardziej jak przyjaciół, którym chce szczerze, z poczuciem humoru doradzić, niż uczniów, których powinna surowo pouczać. Z pewnością nie pozostało to bez wpływu na fakt, że jej książki sprzedały się w setkach tysięcy egzemplarzy.
Technological features of argon-arc welding of high-strength cast aluminum alloys
Authors: Bykova A.E. , Ovchinnikov V.V. , Skakova T.Yu.
Published: January 2025

The results of the argon arc welding process of butt joints of 3 mm thick plates made of cast aluminum VAL8, VAL14 and VAL16 alloys are presented. The blanks are cast into a metal mould before welding. It is established that automatic argon arc welding of VAL14 alloy with Sv1201 filler wire provides the strength of the joint at the level of 0.80 of the ultimate strength of the base metal, at the same time, the bending angle of the welded joint is only 30...40 % of the bending angle value of the base metal. After fatigue tests based on 107 cycles, the welded joints of the VAL14 alloy retained their tightness in low vacuum conditions. When welding VAL16 alloy with SvAMg63 filler wire, the strength of the joint is achieved at the level of 0.9 of the strength of the base metal. At the same time, welded joints have satisfactory corrosion resistance. Welded joints of VAL8 alloy are characterized by a wide range of weld strength values and low impact strength.
Effect of wear of movable cross-beam contact surface of hydraulic stamping press on its fatigue strength
Authors: Kravtsov N.S.
Published: January 2025

The causes of destruction of the movable cross-beam of the stamping press with a force of 100 MN are analyzed. However, based on the results of the finite element calculation, the movable cross-beam is unlimited durability. According to the hypothesis put forward, the reason for the destruction is the shape change of the contact surfaces of the movable cross-beam and the stamp holder during operation as a result of wear. According to the results of the measurement control carried out by the contact method using a laser tracker, a point cloud is obtained. The point cloud characterizing the actual shape of the surfaces of the mated parts. Based on the finite element calculation of the structure, taking into account the actual contact conditions, the formation of fatigue cracks as a result of an increase in the level of operating stresses is justified. Determining the causes of damage in the structure made it possible to develop a technical solution that helps to increase the durability of the structure. A technique is described that allows to reduce the intensity of wear by surfacing the contact surfaces with wear resistant materials with subsequent machining.
De lo cualitativo a lo material
Authors: Palacios-Ruiz Itzel
Published: January 2025

El presente texto es una síntesis del trabajo realizado durante mi estancia doctoral que tuvo como objetivo entender cómo se lleva a cabo la investigación en el Doctorado en Artes y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Después de su contextualización, expondré el marco teórico-sensible del cual parto, la complejidad, la teoría de campos sociales y la práctica escultórica, explicando su pertinencia para el desarrollo del trabajo, posteriormente desarrollaré el marco metodológico, que representa uno de los puntos centrales del documento, ya que utilicé un análisis de contenido que se complementó con una metodología matérico-objetual. Finalmente, discutiré los hallazgos y las posibilidades que la apertura metodológica nos brinda en este campo.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ
ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РФ И РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: Келехсаева М.В.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются этапы эволюционирования теоретико-концептуальных подходов к обеспечению продовольственной безопасности, опыт развитых стран и российская практика формирования механизмов обеспечения продовольственной безопасности государства в условиях санкционных ограничений. В настоящее время в России не разработана и не принята к реализации общая для всех регионов страны концепция обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, однако, как показал анализ современных научных исследований и публикаций, а также экспертные оценки, проводимые в этой сфере, чаще всего в прикладном аспекте используется подход, основанный на переносе ключевых индикаторов (параметров) определения системы обеспечения национальной продовольственной безопасности на региональный уровень, где одним из ключевых параметров ее функционирования выступает самообеспечение региона. Самообеспечение региона продовольственными товарами, относимое к базовым индикаторам оценки состояния его продовольственной безопасности, часто используется при формировании и реализации региональных программ развития сельского хозяйства и нормативно-правовых актов в сфере обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в соответствующих субъектах РФ.
Вместе с тем этот подход чаще других подвергается критике со стороны как научного, так и экспертного сообществ ввиду одного важного обстоятельства: он не способен учитывать специфические особенности и существующие различия в потребностях и возможностях регионов страны, а также влияния рыночной конъюнктуры, сложившейся на межрегиональных и мировых рынках продовольствия в целом на уровень продовольственной безопасности регионов.
ПОЗИТИВНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ
НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ УРОВНЯХ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ
Authors: Айларова З.А.
Published: January 2025

Целью исследования стал системный подход к внедрению цифровых технологий в экономику государства, а также выявление положительных эффектов от использования сквозных технологий на разных уровнях хозяйствования и сферах жизнедеятельности. Для достижения поставленной цели в работе были систематизированы различные взгляды о моделях и сценариях экономической трансформации и ее влияния на экономику страны, разработаны рекомендации по внедрению современных цифровых технологий в жизнь общества и проведен анализ их положительного влияния на разных уровнях экономики. При проведении исследования использованы общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, индукции и дедукции, сравнения и описания. Фактически, поскольку до настоящего времени в науке не выработаны фундаментальные методологические основы разработки и внедрения государственной инновационной политики для отраслей высоких технологий, особенно на разных уровнях иерархии систем управления, российская наука заметно обогатила банк теоретических знаний о моделях и сценариях экономической трансформации.
ADAPTIVE INDICATORS OF PEA SAMPLES PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS WITH DIFFERENT STEM LENGTHS
Authors: Kozhuhova Elena
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to determine the adaptability of pea samples with different stem lengths according to the elements of the crop structure. Objectives: to evaluate the plasticity of samples with different stem lengths by the number of productive nodes, pods and seeds per plant, as well as the bean grain content, to identify the most stable samples in terms of productivity elements, to analyze the homeostaticity of the studied indicators. The study was conducted on the experimental fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, in the village of Minino from 2018 to 2022. The weather conditions of the growing seasons varied significantly: in 2018 – dry (HTC = 0.55), in 2019 – moderately moist (HTC = 0, 89); in 2020 – excessively moistened (HTC = 1.63), in 2021 – sufficiently moistened (HTC = 1.38); in 2022 – slightly dry (HTC = 1.04). The soils of the experimental plot are leached chernozem with neutral acidity pH 6.4. The objects of study were six accessions of peas: three medium-stemmed (Radomir, Yakhont, Zh-55) and three with a shortened stem (D-94, D-40, I-94). It was revealed that the most plastic in terms of the number of seeds, pods and productive nodes per plant are medium-stem samples, but in terms of bean grain content, the greatest plasticity is characteristic of samples with a short stem. More stable in terms of the number of productive nodes and pods per plant was the group of accessions with a shortened stem, responding to improved environmental conditions mainly due to an increase in the bean grain content. The stability of the indicator, the number of seeds, was largely determined by varietal characteristics. The homeostasis of productivity traits was determined more by their varietal characteristics than by belonging to the short stem or medium stem group.
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT RELEVANCE FOR YOUNG STAGER FISHES ADAPTATION TO RELEASE IN SEA AREAS
Authors: Brigida Artem , Tyulin Dmitriy , Lippo Irina , Elizarova Anastasiya , Kitaev Igor'
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the materials on the factors that determine the effectiveness of the release of sturgeon into natural water bodies. Objectives: analysis of the literature describing the requirements for places of release of sturgeon fry; literature describing the quality requirements for released sturgeon fry. A literature review has been carried out on the issue of the effectiveness of the release of juvenile fishes produced at SH (sturgeon hatcheries). Places for the release of juvenile fishes reared in this way are not chosen randomly, they must meet a number of criteria that differ for each species of fish. Among them: the state of the natural food supply, water salinity, thermal regime, the presence of predators, the nature of the bottom, pH, etc. Juvenile fishes should be released at a certain depth, at a certain time of the day. The value of the commercial return when placing sturgeon juveniles directly on their feeding areas in the sea is higher than when they are released into the river. Before being released into the sea, fry must be grown up to a certain weight, since the larger the fry, the more adapted it is to conditions of high salinity. On the other hand, the rate of their growth depends on the time spent by fish in an open reservoir, which actualizes the need to develop technologies for adaptation to conditions of increased salinity at earlier stages of development. The fish must have a search instinct for the successful development of the natural food supply. All this makes it relevant to develop a technology for adapting sturgeon fry to the conditions of their feeding in the sea. At the same time, the financial problems associated with the need to use vessels capable of transporting large numbers of juvenile fishes to feeding areas at sea should not be discounted. Equally important is the study of the potential feeding areas for released fish themselves.
ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY FOR PYOMETRA IN DOGS
Authors: Danilkina Ol'ga , Schislenko Svetlana , Stroganova Irina
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and extent of pyometra in dogs, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments. Tasks: to identify the number of sick animals from the number of non-communicable diseases; to determine the dependence of the disease on the age, breed and health of the animal; to study the picture of the clinical manifestation of the disease; to identify a reliable way to diagnose pyometra; to compare the effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment. The studies were carried out at the Fauna Veterinary Clinic during 2021–2022. 64 dogs diagnosed with pyometra were admitted, representing 13 % of all non-communicable diseases. Breed does not affect the incidence. All ages of animals are susceptible to the disease, but older animals are more likely to suffer from a severe form of the disease – 41 %. Pyometra develops against the background of hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries, and the main cause of the disease is the layered second microflora. In 64 % of cases, the disease is accompanied by discharge from the genital slit of purulent or hemorrhagic exudate, in 36 % of cases, no discharge is observed due to the fact that the cervical canal is closed. Clinically, the disease in animals is characterized by: depression, polyuria, vomiting, the contours of the uterus are relatively easy to palpate (except for obese animals), they are several times enlarged, sausage-shaped. Diagnosis with pyometra must be carried out in a complex way – a thorough history taking, clinical and hematological, ultrasound studies. Ultrasonography makes it possible to differentiate pyometra from other diseases of the uterus with an accuracy of 100 %. The existing conservative treatment is ineffective and eventually ends with surgery. It is advisable to perform ovariohysterectomy immediately after the diagnosis of pyometra.
USING SECONDARY MILK RAW MATERIALS IN THE MARAL MEAT PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Krotova Maria , Grishaeva Irina , Korol'kova Anna , Belozerskih Ivan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the influence of secondary dairy raw materials on the quality indicators of maral meat. Biotechnological fermentation of raw materials was carried out at the salting stage in a brine mixture using secondary milk raw materials (curd whey, cheese whey, buttermilk), introduced at a concentration of 50 to 90 %. Meat sampling was carried out in the process of salting out through 0; 24; 48 and 72 hours, followed by the determination of moisture-binding capacity (WBC), water-retaining capacity (WRC), pH in all samples. An organoleptic evaluation of experimental semi-finished products from maral meat was carried out on a 9-point scale. The use of secondary milk raw materials in the composition of brine mixtures in the manufacture of semi-finished products from maral meat has a positive effect on meat quality indicators, as well as on the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. An increase in WBC by 20.5 % with the use of buttermilk, by 13.5 % with the use of cheese whey and by 9.77 % with the use of curd whey at a concentration of 90 %, while the WRC increased by 10.2 %; 7.3; 4.5 %, respectively. The dynamics of changes in the quality indicators of deer meat for 72 hours in the process of salting out in the presence of by-products of milk processing has been established. It was shown that the maximum increase in the WBC values was observed during the first 6 hours, followed by the preservation of values for 48 hours when using buttermilk and curd whey and for 24 hours when using cheese whey. The maximum values of WRS were observed after 48 hours when using buttermilk and curd whey and within 24 hours in the presence of cheese whey. The conducted tasting assessment showed that the best taste qualities (specific pronounced taste and aroma, delicate texture and juiciness) were possessed by samples of meat obtained by salting out in the presence of cheese whey and buttermilk.
THE DESCRIPTION-PROFILE METHOD APPLICATION FOR THE ORGANOLEPTIC ASSESSMENT OF THE STORAGE CAPABILITY OF AGARICUS BISPORUS MUSHROOMS
Authors: Posokina Natalia , Bessarab Ol'ga , Karastoyanova Olga , Korovkina Nadezhda
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to develop a system of criteria for evaluating cultivated champignon (Agaricus bisporus) to determine the shelf life, during which the optimal level of sensory characteristics is maintained. Tasks: to formulate criteria characterizing the change in the quality level of champignons during storage; explore the dynamics of the selected criteria during storage to confirm their applicability. The objects of study were fresh cultivated champignons Agaricus bisporus with unstained cap epithelium. Previously, we developed a descriptor model that includes a dictionary of descriptors, consisting of characteristics that undergo physiological transformations during storage, and a six-point qualimetric scale reflecting their degree. In the present study, it was tested. To do this, the mushrooms were placed in cold storage with recesses for 0, 3, 8, 13, 16, and 21 days. For each of the recesses, a tasting assessment was carried out in terms of "appearance", "color", "smell of the whole mushroom", "smell in the cut" and "structure" by a commission of 7 people. A total of 3 series of tests were carried out. The coherence of the work of the commission was assessed based on the coefficient of variation. The homogeneity of estimates for all indicators in all series of tests was statistically proven. For each of the indicators and for the overall assessment, a negative trend was observed. Student's t-test was calculated to assess the significance of changes in sensory assessments. Changes in sensory scores at days 0 and 21 were found to be significant. The previously developed descriptor model of mushroom tissue transformation with unstained cap epithelium can be used to assess their storage capacity.
VALUABLE OAT VARIETIES IDENTIFICATION FOR FOOD PURPOSES UNDER THE SOUTHERN WESTERN SIBERIA CONDITIONS
Authors: Ignat'eva E. , Pakhotina Irina , Soldatova Liya , Vasyukevich S
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify valuable cereal forms of filmy and naked oats grown in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study was conducted in the the Grain Quality Laboratory of the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center in 2018–2021. The evaluation of cereal properties of 30 samples of filmy and naked oats of the laboratory of selection of grain forage crops was carried out using the methods of the State Commission for variety testing of agricultural crops and developed in the laboratory of grain quality. The protein content in the grain was determined by the Kjeldahl method modified by M.I. Bazavluk. 12 promising forms of hulled and 4 naked oats were selected. The features of assessing the quality of grain of various forms of oats are clarified. The strength and direction of the connection between the features that determine the quality of oat grain are analyzed. It was found that the advantage of naked forms in terms of protein content in the grain was 40.8 %; nature of grain – 40.3; cereal yield – 26.6 % in comparison with filmy varieties. At the same time, filmy forms were distinguished by larger grains with a lower content of fine fraction (by 81.3 %) and a yield of 29.9 % more than that of naked samples. It was established that the yield of cereals in filmy forms is associated with the nature of the grain and its evenness, and in naked forms – only with the nature of the grain. The relationship between the yield of cereals and the protein content in the grain was determined. It is recommended to use the high-yielding variety Uran for the production of high-quality cereals in the zone of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia, and from the naked forms – the larger-grained variety Tarsky naked, which is characterized by high yields, protein content in grain, nature and a low proportion of fine grains. Of the breeding lines, membranous Mutika 1178, Mutika 1147 and naked forms Inermis 1194 and 1189 had preference.
DARK GRAY FOREST SOILS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND BARLEY YIELDS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS
Authors: Perfil'ev Nikolay , V'yushina Ol'ga
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to analyze the long-term influence of various systems of the main processing of dark gray forest soil on its biological activity, determined by the degree of intensity of decomposition by cellulose-destroying microorganisms of flax linen, and the yield of barley. The results of studies on the effect of basic tillage systems on the biological activity of dark gray forest soil in a grain-fallow crop rotation in barley crops, a crop that completes a crop rotation against two backgrounds of mineral nutrition, are presented. The experiment was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Region during the 7th rotation 2018–2022. The growing seasons during the years of field research (2018, 2019, 2022) were generally favorable for the growth and development of agricultural plants (HTC = 104–130 % of the long-term average), 2020 and 2021. were characterized by aridity (HTC = 32–69 % of the norm). During the observation period, it was found that the combined and differentiated tillage systems with periodic wrapping of the topsoil ensured the degree of decomposition of linen by 15.1–20.2 % higher than the moldboard tillage system, but this did not contribute to an increase in barley yield. The use of fertilizers reduced the degree of decomposition of linen in the initial growing season (60 days) by 15.3–18.8 %, with an increase in the duration of the growing season, this dependence weakened to 6.1–17.5. Long-term cultivation of barley without the use of fertilizers reduced its yield in comparison with the fertilized background by 1.0–1.4 t/ha (by 51.5–98.6 %). Against the background without fertilizers, the highest yield was for the moldboard tillage system – 0.18–0.52 t/ha (9.2–26.8 %) higher than for resource-saving systems. Resource-saving tillage systems with loosening to a depth of 20–22 cm with the use of fertilizers contributed to the formation of the crop at the level of the moldboard tillage system, the tillage systems with a greater degree of minimization somewhat (by 6.1–8.5 %) reduced its yield.
ADAPTABILITY OF A NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETY PRIIRTYSHSKAYA 3
Authors: Triputin Vladimir , Kashuba Yuriy , Kovtunenko Andrey
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to assess the adaptive capabilities of a new winter wheat variety Priirtyshskaya 3 in terms of yield and winter hardiness. The experiments were carried out in 2017–2022 on the fields of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. The object of the study is the numbers of winter soft wheat from the competitive variety testing of the winter crops breeding laboratory. The calculation of adaptability indicators (plasticity and stability) was carried out according to the S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (1966). The highest yield (5.42 t/ha) during the research period was shown by the variety Priirtyshskaya 3. This variety was plastic both in terms of productivity (bi = 0.96) and winter hardiness (bi = 1.01). In terms of yield stability (ϭ2d= 0.12) and winter hardiness (ϭ2d= 8.69), the Priirtyshskaya 3 variety is in the group of the best samples. The new variety with winter hardiness at the level of 80 % is more productive than samples with winter hardiness of 81–85 %. In terms of grain quality (weight of 1000 grains, vitreousness, protein and gluten content in the grain), the Priirtyshskaya 3 variety is close to the standard Omskaya 4 variety. The Priirtyshskaya 3 variety was obtained by individual selection from the combination of crossing Mironovskaya 25 × Ilyichevka mutant. The new variety shows resistance to shedding and lodging. Under field conditions, brown rust damage in the Priirtyshskaya 3 variety was noted at the level of the standard. The duration of the growing season of the new variety is 330 days. The variety Priirtyshskaya 3 was submitted for the State variety testing in 2022 and is recommended for use in the southern forest-steppe of the West Siberian and East Siberian regions.
PECULIARITIES OF GENUS MUSCARI REPRESENTATIVES DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTERN SIBERIA FOREST-STEPPE
Authors: Sedel'nikova Lyudmila
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to analyze the morphobiological features of 9 species, 2 varieties and 3 forms of representatives of the genus Muscari cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk Region. It was established that the sum of positive temperatures from the beginning of flowering to the flowering of introduced species was > 152.5–646.5 °C. Morphometric parameters were carried out in triplicate. Statistical processing was done using the program Statistica 6.0. The duration of flowering lasted 14–25 days (the end of the third decade of April to the third decade of May). The studied species and varieties had an ephemeroid type of above-ground development (1.5–2 months), summer semi-dormant (July–August) and pre-winter formation of a generative shoot. Muscari, introduced in the conditions of the forest-steppe, have two phenorhythmotypes: long-term vegetative, winter-green, with autumn-spring leaf generation(M. armeniacum, M. racemosum, M. coeruleum, M. pallens, M. botryoides, M. tenuifolium, cultivar Early Giant and Blue Spike, M. racemosumf. alba) and short vegetative with early spring generation of leaves (M. auchei, M neglectum, M. tubergenianum, forms 8931/1 and 8931/2). They were distinguished by short stature (10–20 cm), an abundance of flowers in the inflorescence (25–71 pcs.), and aroma. The description of species, varieties, forms is presented. The effectiveness of the practical use of muscari as borders and rabatok in the flower beds of Siberia is based on the assessment of the prospects for six features with a comprehensive assessment of 24–30 points, a high coefficient of vegetative reproduction (10–80 pcs. baby bulbs and 7–17 adult bulbs in a three-year-old clone), abundance of flowering in the early spring, long-term cultivation (5–10 years).
POPULATION AND HARMFUL POTENTIALITY CONTROL OF THE BOLLWORM HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA HBN. IN TOBACCO AGROCENOSIS BY THE AUTOSTERILIZATION METHOD BASED ON PHEROMONE AND JUVENOID DRUG APPLICATION
Authors: Plotnikova Tat'yana Viktorovna , Ismailov Vladimir , Ishmuratov Gumer , Sanin Maksim
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the possibility of reducing the number and harmfulness of the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on tobacco plantations by autosterilization with the combined use of pheromone traps and the juvenoid insecticide Admiral, EC (100 g/l). The experiments were carried out at the ARRITTP experimental breeding plot in 2020–2022. The objects of study were the bollworm, the released varieties of tobacco Trapezond 25 and Burley 122. The experiments were carried out in 3 variants: using the methods of autosterilization of moth butterflies with the Admiral juvenoid, CE, elimination, or mass trapping of pest males by pheromone traps (reference variant), and control variant (without processing). The high efficiency of the autosterilization method was established, which reduces damage to the seed pods in the tobacco inflorescence by 79.5–83.8 %. The biological yield of seeds in the experimental variant on the Burley 122 tobacco variety was 243.6–334.7 kg/ha, on the Trapezond 25 variety – 360.2–424.9 kg/ha. Seed losses as a result of caterpillar feeding amounted to 4.8–8.6 and 7.3–11.6 kg/ha, respectively. Biological efficiency in the reference variant (mass capture method) was 84.6–86.4 %. The biological yield of tobacco seeds, taking into account the damage to the fruit elements on the Burley 122 tobacco variety, was obtained in the amount of 272.2–335.9 kg/ha, on the Trapezond 25 variety – 361.4–426.7 kg/ha. Seed yield losses were 3.8–7.4 and 6.1–9.8 kg/ha, respectively, for the varieties. In the control variant of the experiment, the seed yield for the years of the study amounted to 250.6–292.7 and 328.0–364.9 kg/ha, respectively. The loss of seed productivity on tobacco variety Burley 122 reached 25.4–50.6 kg/ha and on variety Trapezond 25 – 39.5–71.6 kg/ha.
GOLDEN CURRANT ASSORTMENT EVALUATION ON RESISTANCE TO GALLIC APHID IN THE CONDITIONS OF BASHKIRIA
Authors: Nigmatzyanov Radmil , Sorokopudov Vladimir
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the available promising varieties of golden currant, located in the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center, in terms of resistance to two types of aphids (Aphis grossulariae Kalt. and Cryptomyzus ribis Linnaeus). The study of varieties and hybrid forms of golden currant in terms of resistance to aphids was carried out in the field against a natural background for 6 years in the period from 2017 to 2022 on the collection and breeding plots of planting in 2008–2016 of the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center for fruit and berry crops and grapes of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. Planting scheme 42m, in 3 repetitions in each variant. Accounting of plants for resistance to gooseberry shoot and gallic leaf aphids was carried out visually for each bush during the entire growing season according to the program and methodology for the study of fruit, berry and nut crops. 20 promising varieties were studied. The degree of damage to the leaves was noted in points: 0 – no signs of damage; 1 – very slight damage to single leaves; 2 – slight damage (up to 10 % of leaves); 3 – medium damage (up to 30 % of leaves); 4 – strong damage (from 30–50 %); 5 – very severe damage (more than 50 %). The following varieties were noted with the least damage by the pest: Shafak, Fatima, Nakhodka, Zarina, Viola, № 2-6, № 1-1, № 1-2, № 1-2-8, № 4-1, № 2-86, № 2-8, № 3-3, № 3-2, № 5-2, № 3-1, № 5-16, the average damage over the years of the study did not exceed 1.1 points. The listed varieties and selected forms are recommended for use in breeding for resistance to aphids, for cultivation in amateur gardening in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals.
THE INFLUENCE OF BCG ANTIGENS CONJUGATES WITH BETULIN AND BETULINIC ACID ON LIVER CYTOHISTOARCHITECTONICS OF GUINE PIGS IN EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Koshkin Ivan , Vlasenko Vasiliy , Pleshakova Valentina
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the dynamics of histological changes in the liver of guinea pigs upon administration of conjugates of BCG antigens with betulin and its derivative betulinic acid against the background of infection with a virulent culture of M. bovis (item 14). To conduct the experiment, 3 groups of 15 guinea pigs were formed: individuals of group № 1 (n = 5) received subcutaneous injections of 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride; animals of group № 2 (n = 5) were administered the antigenic complex of BCG with betulinic acid in the same way at a dose of 1000 μg/ml in a volume of 0.5 ml; group № 3 (n = 5) – antigenic complex of BCG with betulin at a dose of 500 μg/ml in a volume of 0.5 ml. After 30 days, animals of all groups were infected with a virulent culture of M. bovis (pcs. 14), and then after another 45 days they were euthanized by inhalation anesthesia with ether vapor, followed by the selection of liver biopsies for histological studies. Analysis of the results of histological studies of the liver of guinea pigs indicates that the use of conjugates of BCG antigens with betulin and betulinic acid promotes the differentiation of both cholangiocytes of the bile ducts and the proliferation of stem hepatocytes with their further transformation into differentiated hepatocytes. Taking into account the data obtained, it can be assumed that betulinic acid and betulin activate regenerative processes and further contribute to the restoration of organ parenchyma. We believe that in order to make informed conclusions about the generative capabilities of drugs based on betulin and betulinic acid, it is necessary to conduct further clinical, laboratory, histological and histochemical studies.
COMPLEX PHYTOBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE IN DIETS FOR QUAIL GROWN FOR MEAT
Authors: Vlasov Artem , Danilova Alexandra Alexandrovna , Yurin Denis Anatol'evich , Labutina Natalia , Svistunov Andrey
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the effectiveness of including a complex phytobiotic feed additive (CPFA) in diets for quail raised for meat. In the conditions of the vivarium of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, a scientific experiment was conducted on quails of the Texas breed. From day-old chicks, 3 groups of 35 heads each were formed using the pair-analog method. The experimental poultry were kept in the same conditions with free access to food and water. The duration of the experiment was 31 days. As a result of a scientific experiment, it was established that the inclusion of a complex phytobiotic feed additive in diets for the second group in an amount of 1.0 % of the feed weight contributes to a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the level of live weight by 0.2 % compared to the control. Over the entire period of the experiment, the use of feed additives in poultry diets in amounts of 1.0 and 2.0 % contributed to a decrease in average daily feed consumption by 11.9 and 14.6 %, respectively. Along with this, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain decreased by 17.2 and 24.1 %, respectively. In the third experimental group, the weight of the muscular stomach with contents increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by 26.8 %, without contents – by 36.8 % (P ≤ 0.01). In the second group, which received 1.0 % of the weight of the feed CPFA, the level of internal fat content significantly decreased by 50.0% compared to the control. The use of the studied supplement contributed to an increase in the level of protein content in the muscles of the experimental groups by 4.57 and 2.91 %. The inclusion of a phytobiotic additive in diets for meat quails in amounts of 1.0 and 2.0 % of the feed weight contributed to an increase in profitability by 4.7 and 7.1 %, respectively.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF METABOLIC PROCESSES IN COWS WHEN FEEDING AN ENERGY SUPPLEMENT
Authors: Haperskiy Yu. , Belyaeva N. , Ashenbrenner A. , Chekunkova Yu. , Pshenichnikova Elena
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the metabolic status of cows against the background of the use of various doses of an energy feed additive made by extracting polysaccharides from sunflower meal. The experiment was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Institution FANCA PZ Komsomolskoye the Pavlovsky District, Altai Region on cows of the Priobsky type of black-and-white breed of the 2nd–5th lactation, of which, according to the principle of pair-analogs, a control group and two experimental groups of 10 animals each were formed. Animals in the control group were fed the basic household ration. In the 1st experimental group, they additionally started using the supplement 20 days before birth and continued for 50 days of lactation, which was given in a mixture with food at 200 ml per bird/day. Cows of the 2nd experimental group were similarly fed the experimental drug at a dose of 400 ml per head/day. The results of blood tests on the 50th day after calving showed that in the experimental groups of cows the level of glucose was higher on average by 23%, carotene by 10.9, calcium by 14.5, zinc by 6%, and aspartate aminotransferase activity was lower - by 17% compared to the control group, which indicates a more rapid replenishment of energy costs by the body tissues of cows in the postpartum period and normalization of metabolic processes after the use of polysaccharide extract. The most favorable effect on metabolism was evident in the group of cows that received the drug at a dose of 400 ml, where the concentration of trace elements in the blood was on average 12.7% higher than in the control.