bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of essential oil from Nepeta rtanjensis on fungal spore germination
Authors: Grbić Milica , Stupar Miloš , Vukojević Jelena , Grubišić Dragoljub
Published: March 2011

The ability of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil to inhibit conidia germination of fungi was evaluated in vitro. Tested fungi included in research were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride and two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis. The conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides were most susceptible to the N. rtanjensis essential oil treatment, and the oil concentration of 0.1 µg ml−1 caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition. The highest concentration used in experiment that caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition was 0.6 µg ml−1 for Alternaria isolated from leaf surface of N. rtanjensis. The germ tube elongation of Alternaria isolates significantly decreased in response of different concentrations of oil used in experiment.
An efficient and novel one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles catalyzed by UO2(NO3)2·6H2O under heterogeneous conditions
Authors: Satyanarayana Vardhineedi , Sivakumar Amaravadi
Published: March 2011

An efficient, convenient, and novel one-pot method of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles synthesis using benzil, arene carbaldehydes, and ammonium acetate, catalyzed by uranyl nitrate hexahydrate [UO2(NO3)2·6H2O] supported on acidic alumina and resulting in good to excellent yields under heterogeneous conditions, is reported. Formation of a reactants-catalyst complex was confirmed by UV-VIS spectral data. Antibacterial (MIC) and antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was also studied.
Denitrification of simulated nitrate-rich wastewater using sulfamic acid and zinc scrap
Authors: Jang Jung-Hwa , Gaur Ankur , Song Ho-Jun , Park Jinwon
Published: March 2011

An enhanced chemical denitrification process was studied as an alternative treatment of nitrate-rich wastewater which cannot be easily treated using conventional biological methods. To accelerate denitrification and to reduce the conversion to ammonia, nitrite reductants were added. In a batch test with the initial nitrate concentration of 500 mg NO3− -N per L, sulfamic acid and zinc were found to be the best nitrite and metal reductants, respectively. In a column test with the initial nitrate concentration of 500 mg NO3−-N per L, optimum results were experimentally obtained over a zinc scrap column with a 1.0 molar ratio of [NH2SO3H]/[NO3−-N] and the recirculating flow rate of 6 L min−1 at pH 2.5. Approximately 98.8 % of nitrate anions were removed, and the observed reaction rate constant (k) was 0.135 min−1. Zinc consumption was reduced to 46.6 % compared to the procedure without sulfamic acid, and sulfamic acid consumption was reduced to 40 % compared to the results of our previous study. Based on these experimental results, it was concluded that chemical nitrate denitrification using sulfamic acid and zinc scrap is an effective alternative treatment protocol for nitrate-rich wastewater.
An adaptive window object tracking algorithm based on variable resolution
Authors: Li L.
Published: March 2011

This paper presents an adaptive window object tracking method based on variable resolution. It copes with the change in size of the object during visual tracking. On the basis of the visual tracking algorithm, based on maximum posterior probability, we analyze the posterior probability index on the inside and outside panes of the object window, then build a mathematical model for adjusting object size with an adaptive window. Since the resolution changes according to the size of the object, this thesis uses a statistical sampling method of the feature by variable resolution. The resolution of the statistical feature is correspondingly changed in object tracking with an adaptive window. The resolution of a larger object is decreased, which realizes an object tracking method with adaptive window based on variable resolution.
Current spreading modification to enhance single-fundamental-mode VCSEL operation at higher temperatures
Authors: Sarzała R. , Nakwaski W.
Published: March 2011

Continuous-wave (CW) performance of modern oxide-confined (OC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) at room and elevated temperatures is investigated with the aid of the comprehensive fully self-consistent optical-electrical-thermal-gain model. A standard OC GaInNAs/GaAs double-quantum-well VCSEL emitting the 1.3-μm radiation is used as a typical modern VCSEL structure. The oxide aperture is placed at the anti-node position of an optical standing wave within a VCSEL cavity. The desired single-fundamental-mode (SFM) operation has been found to be expected only in VCSELs equipped with relatively small active regions of diameters equal or smaller than 10 μm. Therefore a proton implantation used as an radial additional confinement of the current spreading from the upper annular contact towards the centrally located active region is proposed and its impact on the VCSEL performance is investigated. The above structure modification has been found to enable a radical improvement in the VCSEL performance. In particular, in this case, the SFM VCSEL operation is possible even in VCSELs with quite large active regions and for much wider ambient-temperature range than in the standard OC VCSELs.
Quantitation of α1A and α1D-adrenoceptor mRNA in prostate tissues from patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Acharya B , Okada H , Aryal G , Shirakawa T , Hinata N , Gotoh A
Published: March 2011

Background: To treat symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia α1-adrenoceptor antagonists with little antagonism at α1b-adrenoceptor were used to avoid orthostatic hypotension. In benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues α1D-adrenoceptor are thought to predominate, but in the Japanese experience, either α1A- or α1D- adrenoceptor antagonists can alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. We hypothesized that prostatic expression of α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor varies quantitatively between patients. Materials and Methods: We immunohistochemically localized α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor within benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, and quantitated mRNA expression for these subtypes by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Immunohistochemistry detected both subtypes in stromal but not detected epithelial cells. Copy numbers of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue were significantly higher than those of α1D-adrenoceptor mRNA. Among patients; the ratio of α1A- to α1D-adrenoceptor mRNA ranged from 1.0 to 8.4. Conclusion: An ideal therapeutic antagonist for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms should block both α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor Keywords: Adrenoceptor subtypes; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4439Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 1-7
Ultrasound and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic lesions
Authors: Parahjuli S , Tuladhar A , Basnet RB
Published: March 2011

Background: Ultrasonography and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology has an important role in diagnosing intraabdominal and intrathoracic mass lesions. It has an accuracy of 70-90%, depending on the site under evaluation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, between June 2006 and November 2010. The study included 53 abdominal and 47 thoracic masses. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with clinical and radiological data to arrive at a final diagnosis. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in various anatomic sites: liver (28 cases), pancreas (8 cases), lymph nodes (7 cases), ovary and gall bladder (3 cases each) and 2 cases each of gastrointestinal tract and omentum. Thoracic aspirations were done from the lung (44 cases) and mediastinum (3 cases). The most common malignancy encountered in the abdomen was hepatocellular carcinoma (12 cases). Non-small cell carcinoma was the most common diagnoses amongst the lung lesions (15 cases). Conclusion: Ultrasonography and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology had a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing deep seated lesions. Keywords: Computed tomography; Deep-seated masses; Fine needle aspiration; Ultrasound DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4444 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 17-21
Anemia in chronic kidney disease patients in predialysis and postdialysis stages
Authors: Bhatta S , Aryal G , Kafle RK
Published: March 2011

Background: Chronic kidney disease is usually associated with anemia and the level of anemia correlates with the severity of renal failure. This study was carried out to evaluate the profile of anemia and to find the correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in predialysis and postdialysis Chronic kidney disease patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 chronic kidney disease patients in the department of pathology and nephrology, KIST Medical College. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices, peripheral blood smears and serum creatinine levels were examined using standard techniques. Results: There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in predialysis and postdialysis patients (P <0.005). All 40 patients (100%) were anemic. Although moderate anemia was most common in both groups of patients, severe anemia was more common in postdialysis patients (5% in predialysis and 15% in postdialysis patients). The peripheral blood smear examinations showed that normocytic normochromic anemia was most frequent (90% in predialysis and 77.5 % in postdialysis patients). There was no significant correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels (P > 0.05), r=-0.14 and -0.17 in predialysis and postdialysis group respectively.  Conclusion: The most frequent anemia in chronic kidney disease patients was normocytic and normochromic type of a moderate degree. Significant correlation was not found between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in both pre and postdialysis group of patients. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Anemia; Creatinine; Hemoglobin; Hematocrit; Hemodialysis DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4446 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 26-29
Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical Pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal
Authors: Ranabhat SK , Shrestha R , Tiwari M
Published: March 2011

Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women in Nepal. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 880 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Chitwan Medical College in Chitwan, Nepal. The time period was from June 2009 to November 2010. Results: In this study, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the most common with 6 cases (40%), followed by Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with 3 cases (20%), then Atypical Squamous Epithelial Cells of Undetermined Significance, and atypical Glandular Cells and Squamous cell carcinoma with 2 cases each (13.3%). Eighty per cent of all the abnormal epithelial lesions were found in women above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: At least one Pap screening test of the cervix of all women between the ages of 40-50 years is recommended. Keywords: Pap smear; Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion; Squamous cell carcinoma. DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4447Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 30-33
Association of mast cells with helicobacter pylori infection in the antral mucosa
Authors: KC SR , Amatya GL
Published: March 2011

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate consisting of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Helicobacter pylori lead to mast cell degranulation and release of active chemical compounds in in-vitro conditions. The objective of this study was to find out the association of mast cell density and Helicobacter pylori in the antral mucosa of the stomach. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 endoscopic biopsies were included in the study. In addition to routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides, Giemsa stain was done in each case for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori and mast cell density in the gastric mucosa. Results: Out of 150 gastric biopsies with histopathological diagnosis of chronic gastritis, 36 cases (24%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori. In the antral mucosa, mast cell density was significantly higher in the Helicobacter pylori-positive group than in the Helicobacter pylori-negative group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mast cells may play a role in the development of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Keywords: Gastritis; Mast Cell; Helicobacter pylori DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4448 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 34-36
Oral cavity lesions: A study of 21 cases
Authors: Pudasaini S , Baral R
Published: March 2011

Background: Development of lesions in the oral cavity is strongly linked with smoking and alcohol consumption. Non neoplastic lesions are mainly inflammatory conditions. It has been seen that the benign lesions are more common than malignant. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Histopathology of Helping Hands Community Hospital during a period of one and a half years from January 2009 to June 2010. The study included 21 cases of oral cavity lesions. Results: The most common site was lip with 9 cases (42.8%) followed by buccal cavity with 5 cases (23.8%). Out of the 21 cases of oral cavity lesions, 20 cases (95.2%) were benign and 1 case (4.8%) was malignant. The malignant lesion was a case of squamous cell carcinoma of soft palate. Conclusion: Any oral cavity lesion should have a tissue diagnosis for rational management of the case and to avoid mutilating surgery. Keywords: Oral cavity; Fibroma; Mucocele DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4452 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 49-51
A rare case of Castleman's disease presenting as a pulmonary mass mimicking pulmonary malignancy
Authors: Bashyal R , Lee MC , Thakur B , Singh LN
Published: March 2011

Castleman disease is a rare disorder of the lymphoid system characterized by noncancerous growths that may develop in lymph node tissues throughout the body. Most often this occurs in the neck, mediastinum, and abdomen where lymph nodes aggregate. The etiology is thought to be due to antigenic hyperstimulation of unknown origin. Two histological subtypes are described with different clinical presentations and therapeutic implications. Diagnosis is frequently accomplished only by histological analysis after surgery since no specific features have been found in imaging studies. Surgical excision is both diagnostic and curative in localized forms, whereas additional therapies are required in multicentric forms. Here we describe a case of castleman disease adjacent to the right pulmonary hilum loosely adherent to the interlobar branch of the right pulmonary artery that mimicked tuberculosis or malignancy in a 30-year-old man who underwent curative surgical removal of the mass. Keywords: Castleman disease; Pulmonary malignancy; IL-6; HHV-8; Kaposi sarcoma DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4456 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 63-65
Congenital granular cell epulis: A rare diagnosis
Authors: Sigdel B , Baidya R , Shrestha P , Shrestha S
Published: March 2011

Congenital granular cell tumor is very rare and it arises from the gum pad of neonates. Surgery is required immediatly after birth as the tumor interfares with feeding and respiration. Although a benign tumor, it can create immense anxiety amongst the attending physician and family members. Its recognition is important so as to avoid over diagnosis leading to radical surgery. We report a case of congenital epulis arising from the maxillary alveolar ridge in a newborn female child, which was successfully excised and the diagnosis confirmed histologically. No tumor recurrence has been reported in the patient postoperatively. Keywords: Congenital; Epulis; Granular cell DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4458 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 69-72
Scientific writing: Need of the day
Authors: Baral Reetu
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4459 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 73-74
The Significance of Glossolalia in the Apostolic Faith Mission, Zimbabwe
Authors: Machingura Francis
Published: March 2011

This study seeks to look at the meaning and significance of Glossolalia 1 in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe. 2 This paper has also been influenced by debates surrounding speaking in tongues in most of the Pentecostal churches in general and the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe in particular. It was the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) that brought Pentecostalism to Zimbabwe. 3 The paper situates the phenomenon of glossolalia in the Zimbabwean socio-economic, spiritual, and cultural understanding. The Pentecostal teachings on the meaning and significance of speaking in tongues have caused a stir in psychological, linguistics, sociological, anthropological, ethnographical, philological, cultural, and philosophical debates. Yet those in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe argue that their concept of glossolalia is biblically rooted. Surprisingly non-glossolalist Christians also use the Bible to dismiss the pneumatic claims by Pentecostals. The emphasis on speaking in tongues in the AFM has rendered Zimbabwean ‘mainline’ churches like Anglicans, Catholics and Methodists as meaningless. This is the same with African Indigenous Churches which have also been painted with ‘fault-lines’, giving an upper hand to AFM in adding up to its ballooning number of followers. This is as a result of their restorationist perspective influenced by the history of the Pentecostal Churches that views all non-Pentecostal churches as having fallen from God's intentions through compromise and sin. The AFM just like other Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe exhibit an aggressive assault and intolerance toward certain aspects of the African culture, which they label as tradition, 4 for example, traditional customs, like paying homage to ancestral spirits (Kurova Guva or bringing back the spirit of the dead ceremony), and marriage customs (polygamy, kusungira or sanctification of the first born ritual). The movement has managed to rid itself of the dominance of the male adults and the floodgates were opened to young men and women, who are the victims of traditional patriarchy. Besides glossolalia being one of the pillars of AFM doctrines, the following also bear some importance: personal testimonies, tithing, church weddings, signs/miracles, evangelism and prosperity theology.
Le comportement d'investissement des entreprises françaises : analyses et problèmes
Authors: Norotte Michel , Morin Pierre , Venet Gilbert
Published: March 2011

The Investment behavior of french firms : a questionning analysis,

by Michel Norotte, Pierre Morin, Gilbert Venet.

The purpose of this article is the analysis of the investment behavior of french firms. French firms invested very actively before the first "oil shock", but their investment behavior can be considered somewhat disappointing since the second "oil shock", if compared with the other main countries of the Oecd.

The article points out the deterioration of corporations' financial situation until 1982 and the recovery thereafter. It also tries to summarize the various econometric works dealing with the influence of anticipated demand, relative price of factors and profit as determinants of investment.

Many difficulties appear so that the value of less conventional studies is emphasized: neo classical functions, desequilibrium models, influence of profitability and of the Tobin's ratio.

However, investment behavior should not be isolated from the numerous elements which contribute, in a way or another, to the production capacities of firms, such as labor training, research and development. In addition, some new distinctions seem quite relevant when one considers the changes firms have to go through in the current période. A good example is "traditional" investment as opposed to investment in computer systems or computer assisted devices and machinery.

JEL: 132-122-211
Comportement d'investissement et diffusion de nouvelles technologies
Authors: Norotte Michel , Bensaïd Jean
Published: March 2011

Behaviour of investment

and introduction of new technologies,

by Michel Norotte, Jean Bensald.

Ever since the first oil crisis industrial investment in France has been marked by persistent sluggishness. Looking beyond quantitative development however capital formation is undergoing profound structural alterations characterized by a move towards investment in productivity and the gradual spread of new generations of capital goods high in electronic content.

The description of this phenomenon which makes up the first part of the study suggests the idea od differing investment behaviour related to different types of capital equipment. The study goes on to propose various empirical attempts at macroeconomic modelling of the different types of behaviour, all of which cast reservations on the efficiency of traditionnal aggregate functions of investment.

JEL: 132-621-122
Effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle measurement in dogs with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Harper T. A. M. , Lanz O. I. , Daniel G. B. , Werre S. R. , Aulakh K. S.
Published: March 2011

Objective: To determine the effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the radiographic tibial plateau angle (TPA) in normal and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) -deficient stifles.

Methods: Three pairs of canine cadaver hind-limbs from three skeletally mature dogs were positioned in a custom-made positioning device. A lateral radiograph of each specimen was obtained before and after transection of the CCL at four stifle angles (90°, 110°, 135° and 140–150° [i.e. maximum extension]), based on goniometric measurements. Four observers determined the radiographic TPA twice for each radiograph with a minimum of two days between each measurement. The radiographic TPA measurements in all specimens at different stifle angles with intact CCL and transected CCL were compared with mixed-model ANOVA. The effect of stifle angle, CCL transection, and interaction between the two on observer TPA measurement variability was also determined using the coefficient of variation.

Results: Tibial plateau angle was not statistically different in the stifle angles for either the intact or transected CCL. There was also no statistical difference for TPA between intact and transected CCL groups at each of the stifle angles. Stifle angle, CCL transection and interaction between the two did not have any significant effect for intra-observer and inter-observer variation.

Clinical significance: The angle of the stifle during radiography does not influence the magnitude of the TPA measurement as determined on true lateral radiographs of the stifle and tibia in cadaveric canine limbs.
Relationships within the Araceae: Comparison of morphological patterns with molecular phylogenies
Authors: Cusimano Natalie , Bogner Josef , Mayo Simon J. , Boyce Peter C. , Wong Sin Y. , Hesse Michael , Hetterscheid Wilbert L. A. , Keating Richard C. , French Jim C.
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: The first family‐wide molecular phylogeny of the Araceae, a family of about 3800 published species in 120 genera, became available in 1995, followed by a cladistic analysis of morpho‐anatomical data in 1997. The most recent and comprehensive family‐wide molecular phylogeny was published in 2008 and included species from 102 genera. We reanalyzed the molecular data with a more complete genus sampling and compared the resulting phylogeny with morphological and anatomical data, with a view to contributing to a new formal classification of the Araceae.

• Methods: We analyzed 113 aroid genera and 4494 aligned nucleotides that resulted from adding 11 genera to the 2008 molecular matrix. We also analyzed 81 morphological characters in the context of the molecular phylogeny, using an extended version of the 1997 morpho‐anatomical data set.

• Key results: The resulting maximum‐likelihood phylogeny is well resolved and supported, and most of the 44 larger clades also have morphological or anatomical synapomorphies as well as ecological or geographic cohesion. Of the 44 clades, 16 are here newly circumscribed and informally named. However, some relationships remain poorly supported within the Aroideae subfamily. The most problematic placement is Calla within Aroideae, which conflicts with the distribution of morphological, anatomical, and palynological character states.

• Conclusions: The comparison of the molecular analysis with morphological and anatomical data presented here represents an important basis for a new formal classification for the Araceae and for the understanding of the evolution of this ancient family, a monocot group known in the fossil record from the early Cretaceous.
Microsatellite primers in red bayberry, Myrica rubra (Myricaceae)
Authors: Xie Xiaobo , Qiu Yingying , Ke Liping , Zheng Xiliang , Wu Guanting , Chen Jinqing , Qi Xingjiang , Ahn Sangnag
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Myrica rubra to investigate potential hybridization events within or between M. rubra and its closely related species.

• Methods and Results: Using an ISSR‐suppression PCR method, 12 primer pairs were temporarily developed with GSG(GT)6 as the primer for enriching microsatellite sequences and the genomic DNA of M. rubra cv. ‘Heijing’ as template. The average allele number per locus was 4.9 within 26 individuals including two species, M. rubra and M. nana. Three pairs of primers produced species‐specific alleles, and the other nine showed polymorphisms among 26 accessions.

• Conclusions: Results indicated that the ISSR‐suppression PCR method is suitable for developing microsatellite markers, especially for this species with little understanding of genomic information. The developed microsatellite markers provide a useful tool for further studies of population structure within or between M. rubra and M. nana or other closely related species.
Development of a novel set of microsatellite markers for Castor bean, Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae)1
Authors: Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Zucchi Maria Imaculada , KIIhl Tammy Aparecida Manabe , Batista Carlos Eduardo Araújo , Monteiro Mariza , Pinheiro José Baldin
Published: March 2011

• Premise of study: Microsatellite primers were developed for castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to investigate genetic diversity and population structure, and to provide support to germplasm management.

• Methods and Results: Eleven microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment cloning protocol and used to characterize castor bean germplasm from the collection at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). In a survey of 76 castor bean accessions, the investigated loci displayed polymorphism ranging from two to five alleles.

• Conclusions: The information derived from microsatellite markers led to significant gains in conserved allelic richness and provides support to the implementation of several molecular breeding strategies for castor bean.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae), a Central African rainforest and fruit–tree species
Authors: Benoit Laure , Born Céline , Vignes Hélène , Chevallier Marie‐Hélène , Todou Gilbert , Debain Chantal , Joly Hélène I.
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae), a tropical rainforests fruit tree of central Africa.

• Methods and Results: Using an enrichment protocol, six microsatellites loci were developed from Dacryodes edulis. We investigated polymorphism using 45 trees from three widely separated populations in Cameroon. All loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 15. Polymorphism was widely variable among loci and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.06 to 0.84 with a mean value of 0.49.

• Conclusions: These loci will be useful for the in‐depth analysis of population structure and phylogeographic variation throughout the distribution range of Dacryodes edulis and other related taxa, Dacryodes buettneri and D. normandii, in which all loci were also amplified. Furthermore, they will offer the opportunity to study early domestication processes acting on the genetic diversity of Dacryodes edulis.
The preparation of 3-substituted-1,5-dibromopentanes as precursors to heteracyclohexanes
Authors: Ringstrand Bryan , Oltmanns Martin , Batt Jeffrey A , Jankowiak Aleksandra , Denicola Richard P , Kaszynski Piotr
Published: March 2011

The methodology to prepare 3-substituted 1,5-dibromopentanes I and their immediate precursors, which include 3-substituted 1,5-pentanediols VII or 4-substituted tetrahydropyrans VIII, is surveyed. Such dibromides I are important intermediates in the preparation of liquid crystalline derivatives containing 6-membered heterocyclic rings. Four dibromides 1a–1d containing simple alkyl and more complex fragments at the 3-position were prepared. 3-Propyl- and 3-pentyl-pentane-1,5-diol (2a,b) were prepared starting from either glutaconate or malonate diesters, while tetrahydropyrans 3c and 3d were obtained from tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one. The advantages and disadvantages of each route are discussed. Dibromides 1c and 1d were used to prepare sulfonium zwitterions 11c and 11d.
Penser la mondialisation dans une perspective féministe
Authors: Falquet Jules
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’article propose un cadre d’analyse synthétique de la mondialisation néolibérale, dans une perspective féministe informée par les analyses féministes matérialistes francophones, la théorisation de l’imbrication des rapports sociaux de pouvoir et le courant féministe autonome laino-américain et des Caraïbes. La discussion a lieu autour de quatre entrées. 1. Le capitalisme est-il un allié objectif de l’égalité des sexes ? Ou creuse-t-il, en les réorganisant, les inégalités de sexe, de « race » et de classe ? 2. Les femmes dans le désastre environnemental, la guerre industrielle au monde rural, l’exode rural et l’urbanisation forcée 3. L’imposition d’un « développement » défavorable aux femmes, autour de la monoculture d’exportation, de l’exploitation du sous-sol, des zones franches et du tourisme 4. Le continuum néolibéral de la violence militaro-masculine, qui crée, entretient et oppose les « hommes en armes » et les « femmes de services ».
Opposite Effects of Endogenous Peptide–MHC Class I on T Cell Activity in the Presence and Absence of CD8
Authors: Stone Jennifer D. , Aggen David H. , Chervin Adam S. , Narayanan Samanthi , Schmitt Thomas M. , Greenberg Philip D. , Kranz David M.
Published: March 2011

Nonstimulatory or endogenous peptide–MHC (pepMHC) presented on the surfaces of APCs, either alone or alongside agonist pepMHC, plays various roles in T cell selection and activation. To examine these properties in more detail, we explored several model systems of TCR and pepMHC ligands with sufficient affinity to be activated in the absence of CD8. The TCRs had a range of affinities for agonist and nonstimulatory ligands and were restricted by MHC class I alleles with different properties. We observed CD8-independent antagonism from TCR–pepMHC interactions with very low affinities (e.g., KD = 300 μM). In addition, endogenous peptide–Ld complexes on APCs antagonized activation of coreceptor (CD8)-negative 2C T cells even by the strong agonist QL9–Ld. In contrast, TCRs m33 and 3D-PYY, restricted by Kb and Db, respectively, did not show signs of antagonism by endogenous pepMHC in the absence of CD8. This did not appear to be an inherent difference in the ability of the TCRs to be antagonized, as altered peptide ligands could antagonize each TCR. In the presence of CD8, endogenous pepMHC ligands acted in some cases as coagonists. These results show that endogenous pepMHC molecules exhibit complex behavior in T cells, leading to either reduced activity (e.g., in cases of low coreceptor levels) or enhanced activity (e.g., in presence of coreceptor). The behavior may be influenced by the ability of different TCRs to recognize endogenous pepMHC but also perhaps by the inherent properties of the presenting MHC allele.
Moving Beyond the Stigma: Systematic Review of Video Games and Their Potential to Combat Obesity
Authors: Guy Stacey , Ratzki-Leewing Alexandria , Gwadry-Sridhar Femida
Published: March 2011

Increasing epidemic proportions of overweight children in the United States presents formidable challenges for education and healthcare. Given the popularity and pervasiveness of video gaming culture in North American children, the perfect opportunity arises to investigate the potential of video games to promote healthful behaviour. Our objective was to systematically review the literature for possible benefits of active and educational video games targeting diet and physical activity in children. A review of English-language journal articles from 1998 to 2011 using EMBASE and PubMed was conducted. Thirty-four studies concerned with children, video games, physical, and/or nutritional outcomes were included. Results of these studies that showed some benefit (increased physical activity and nutritional knowledge as a result of gaming) demonstrate the possibility of video games to combat childhood obesity—looking beyond the stigma attached to gaming.
Tumors Metastatic to Thyroid Neoplasms: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Stevens Todd M. , Richards Alan T. , Bewtra Chhanda , Sharma Poonam
Published: March 2011

Metastasis into a thyroid neoplasm—tumor-to-tumor metastasis—is exceedingly rare. We describe the 28th documented case of a tumor metastatic to a thyroid neoplasm and review the literature on tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving a thyroid neoplasm as recipient. All cases showed a recipient thyroid neoplasm with an abrupt transition to a morphologically distinct neoplasm. Metastasis into primary thyroid neoplasm was synchronous in 33% of cases and metachronous in 67%. Follicular adenoma was the most common recipient thyroid neoplasm overall (16/28), and papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common malignant recipient neoplasm (9/28). Of the 9 recipient papillary carcinomas, 6 were follicular variants. Renal cell carcinoma was the most common neoplasm to metastasize to a primary thyroid neoplasm (9/28), followed by lung (6/28), breast (5/28), and colon (3/28) carcinoma. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis should be considered whenever a dimorphic pattern is encountered in a thyroid tumor.
Efficiency and Safety of Prolonged Levosimendan Infusion in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Aidonidis Georgios , Kanonidis Ioannis , Koutsimanis Vasileios , Neumann Till , Erbel Raimund , Sakadamis Georgios
Published: March 2011

Background. Levosimendan is an inotropic drug with unique pharmacological advantages in patients with acute heart failure. Scope of this study is to determine whether longer infusion patterns without the hypotension-inducing loading dose could justify an effective and safe alternative approach.Methods. 70 patients admitted to the emergencies with decompensated chronic heart failure received intravenously levosimendan without a loading dose up to 72 hours. Clinical parameters, BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) and signal-averaged-ECG data (SAECG) were recorded up to 72 hours.Results. The 48-hour group demonstrated a statistically significant BNP decrease (P<.001) after 48 hours, which also maintained after 72 hours. The 72-hour group demonstrated a bordeline decrease of BNP after 48 hours (P=.039), necessitating an additional 24-hour infusion to achieve significant reduction after 72 hours (P<.004). SAECG data demonstrated a statistically significant decrease after 72 hours (P<.04). Apart from two deaths due to advanced heart failure, no major complications were observed.Conclusion. Prolonged infusion of levosimendan without a loading dose is associated with an acceptable clinical and neurohumoral response.
Neuroimaging Measures as Endophenotypes in Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Braskie Meredith N. , Ringman John M. , Thompson Paul M.
Published: March 2011

Late onset Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is moderately to highly heritable. Apolipoprotein E allele ε4 (APOE4) has been replicated consistently as an AD risk factor over many studies, and recently confirmed variants in other genes such as CLU, CR1, and PICALM each increase the lifetime risk of AD. However, much of the heritability of AD remains unexplained. AD is a complex disease that is diagnosed largely through neuropsychological testing, though neuroimaging measures may be more sensitive for detecting the incipient disease stages. Difficulties in early diagnosis and variable environmental contributions to the disease can obscure genetic relationships in traditional case‐control genetic studies. Neuroimaging measures may be used as endophenotypes for AD, offering a reliable, objective tool to search for possible genetic risk factors. Imaging measures might also clarify the specific mechanisms by which proposed risk factors influence the brain.
Identification of Potential Calorie Restriction-Mimicking Yeast Mutants with Increased Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and Nitric Oxide Levels
Authors: Li Bin , Skinner Craig , Castello Pablo R. , Kato Michiko , Easlon Erin , Xie Li , Li Tianlin , Lu Shu-Ping , Wang Chen , Tsang Felicia , Poyton Robert O. , Lin Su-Ju
Published: March 2011

Calorie restriction (CR) induces a metabolic shift towards mitochondrial respiration; however, molecular mechanisms underlying CR remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that CR-induced mitochondrial activity is associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. To understand the role of mitochondria in CR, we identify and studySaccharomyces cerevisiaemutants with increased NO levels as potential CR mimics. Analysis of the top 17 mutants demonstrates a correlation between increased NO, mitochondrial respiration, and longevity. Interestingly, treating yeast with NO donors such as GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione) is sufficient to partially mimic CR to extend lifespan. CR-increased NO is largely dependent on mitochondrial electron transport and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Although COX normally produces NO under hypoxic conditions, CR-treated yeast cells are able to produce NO under normoxic conditions. Our results suggest that CR may derepress some hypoxic genes for mitochondrial proteins that function to promote the production of NO and the extension of lifespan.
Production of Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation on Different Carbon Sources
Authors: Ou Shiyi , Zhang Jing , Wang Yong , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2011

A mixture of wheat bran with maize bran as a carbon source and addition of (NH4)SO4 as nitrogen source was found to significantly increase production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) enzyme compared with wheat bran as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimal conditions in conical flasks were carbon source (30 g) to water 1 : 1, maize bran to wheat bran 1 : 2, (NH4)SO4 1.2 g and MgSO4 70 mg. Under these conditions, FAE activity was 7.68 mU/g. The FAE activity on the mixed carbon sources showed, high activity against the plant cell walls contained in the cultures.
Cardiovascular and Renal Links along the Cardiorenal Continuum
Authors: García-Donaire José A. , Ruilope Luis M.
Published: March 2011

The cardiorenal syndrome includes the widely known relationship between kidney function and cardiovascular disease. A large number of patients have various degrees of heart and kidney dysfunction worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. Disorders affecting one of them mostly involve the other. Such interactions represent the pathogenesis for a clinical condition called cardiorenal syndrome. Renal and cardiovascular disease shares similar etiologic risk factors. The majority of vascular events are caused by accelerated atherosclerosis. Moreover, cardiovascular events rarely occur in patients without underlying disease; rather, they typically take place as the final stage of a pathophysiological process that results in progressive vascular damage, including vital organ damage, specifically the kidney and the heart if these factors are uncontrolled. Chronic kidney disease is a novel risk factor included at this stage that accelerates both vascular and cardiac damage.
Methadone for Cancer Pain
Authors: Prommer Eric E.
Published: March 2011

Pain is one of the most common and incapacitating symptoms experienced by patients with advanced cancer. Methadone is a potent opioid with strong affinity for the µ opioid receptor. In addition to being a potent µ opioid receptor ligand, methadone blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and modulates neurotransmitters involved in descending pain modulation. These 3 properties enhance analgesic activity. Methadone's lack of active metabolites makes it an attractive option when opioid responsiveness declines and renal insufficiency complicates opioid therapy. A lipophilic opioid, methadone can be given by multiple routes. Clinical trial data show equivalence with morphine as an analgesic in moderate to severe cancer pain. Further investigations are needed to define the role of methadone in the management of breakthrough pain and neuropathic pain and to determine whether it is truly superior to morphine, the gold standard of cancer analgesia.
Selected Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Esters may Provide Analgesia for Some Central Pain Conditions
Authors: Goldberg Joel S.
Published: March 2011

Central pain is an enigmatic, intractable condition, related to destruction of thalamic areas, resulting in likely loss of inhibitory synaptic transmission mediated by GABA. It is proposed that treatment of central pain, a localized process, may be treated by GABA supplementation, like Parkinson's disease and depression. At physiologic pH, GABA exists as a zwitterion that is poorly permeable to the blood brain barrier (BBB). Because the pH of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is acidic relative to the plasma, ion trapping may allow a GABA ester prodrug to accumulate and be hydrolyzed within the CSF. Previous investigations with ester local anesthetics may be applicable to some GABA esters since they are weak bases, hydrolyzed by esterases and cross the BBB. Potential non-toxic GABA esters are discussed. Many GABA esters were investigated in the 1980s and it is hoped that this paper may spark renewed interest in their development.
Acetylating Tryptic Peptides Enhances b Ion Intensity in MALDI TOF/TOF: Implications in Peptide Sequencing and Identification of Proteins in an Antarctic Bacterium Pseudomonas Syringae
Authors: Kulkarni Heramb M. , Ramesh V. , Srinivas R. , Jagannadham M.V.
Published: March 2011

Several approaches have been described to identify proteins from MALDI MS/MS mass spectra. The sequence of tryptic peptides is determined by database searching or by de novo sequencing. Different algorithms are available to determine peptide sequence using mass spectra. False discovery of peptides is an associated problem with it. A combination of chemical modifications followed by mass spectral analysis helps in overcoming this problem. Acetylating the tryptic peptides of β-galactosidase in methanol is found to increase the b-ion signal intensity in MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The method of acetylation is extended to the tryptic peptides of the proteins of an Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, whose genome sequence is not known. These proteins are identified by searching the available database of the Pseudomonas spp at NCBI using the MS/MS spectra. The sequences of the peptides are validated using the CID mass spectra of the acetylated tryptic peptides.
Proteomic and Genomic Studies on Lizard Venoms in the Last Decade
Authors: Kwok Hang Fai , Ivanyi Craig , Morris Andrew , Shaw Chris
Published: March 2011

Traditionally man has looked to nature to provide cures for diseases. This approach still exists today in the form of ‘bio-prospecting’ for therapeutically-active compounds in venoms. For example, the venoms of many reptiles offer a spectacular laboratory of bioactive molecules, including peptides and proteins. In the last 10–15 years, there have been a number of major proteomic and genomic research breakthroughs on lizard venoms. In this current review, the key findings from these proteomic and genomic studies will be critically discussed and suggestions will be offered for future focused investigations. It is our intention that this article will not only provide a comprehensive picture of the state of current knowledge of the components of lizard venoms, but also engender awareness in readers of the need to protect and conserve such uniquely precious natural resources for several reasons, including the potential benefit of humankind.
Increased Serum Cu/Zn SOD in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Russo A.J.
Published: March 2011

Aim

To assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Subjects and methods

Serum from 20 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 20 age and gender similar controls were tested for Cu/Zn SOD serum concentration using ELISAs.

Results

Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of individuals with bipolar disorder were significantly higher than age and gender matched controls.

Discussion

These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and bipolar disorder.
Article Commentary: How Many Proteins are Missed in Quantitative Proteomics Based on MS/MS Sequencing Methods?
Authors: Mulvey Claire , Thur Bettina , Crawford Mark , Godovac-Zimmermann Jasminka
Published: March 2011

Current bottom-up quantitative proteomics methods based on MS/MS sequencing of peptides are shown to be strongly dependent on sample preparation. Using cytosolic proteins from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, it is shown that protein pre-fractionation based on pI and MW is more effective than pre-fractionation using only MW in increasing the number of observed proteins (947 vs. 704 proteins) and the number of spectral counts per protein. Combination of MS data from the different pre-fractionation methods results in further improvements (1238 proteins). We discuss that at present the main limitation on quantitation by MS/MS sequencing is not MS sensitivity and protein abundance, but rather extensive peptide overlap and limited MS/MS sequencing throughput, and that this favors internally calibrated methods such as SILAC, ICAT or ITRAQ over spectral counting methods in attempts to drastically improve proteome coverage of biological samples.
Quetiapine Induced Acute Dystonia in a patient with History of severe Head Injury
Authors: Bota Robert G. , Witkowski Joanne W.
Published: March 2011

A patient with a history of severe head injury 10 years ago regained ability to walk after years of being bound to a wheelchair. During the last psychiatric hospitalization, quetiapine was increased to therapeutic dose using a normal titration. As a result the patient developed dystonia of multiple muscle groups requiring 4 days of hospitalization for remittance of symptoms. In this paper, we take a close look at the literature concerning extrapiramidal symptoms (EPS) in this context, and we suggest that in patients with a history of head injury, it is warranted to consider a slower titration of antipsychotic medications, including ones that are considered having a lower risk of EPS such as quetiapine.