bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Alveolar Bone Loss by Hydrogel‐Based Mitigation of Oral Dysbiosis and Bacteria‐Triggered Proinflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Chen Xiao , Huang Hanyao , Guo Chenyang , Zhu Xuanzhi , Chen Jiali , Liang Jinzheng , Yang Renjie , Shao Dan , Chen Fangman , Shi Bing , Yang Chao , Leong Kam W. , Zhao Lei
Published: August 2024

Periodontitis is a chronic infection where abnormal host‐microbiota interactions alter the oral microbiome, trigger a proinflammatory immune response, and cause inflammatory alveolar bone loss. While antibiotics are occasionally necessary for treating periodontitis, their use must be carefully managed to prevent the development of drug resistance and oral dysbiosis. Therefore, it's crucial to develop new treatment strategies for periodontitis that reduce antibiotic dependence while effectively controlling the inflammation triggered by bacteria. In this study, a hydrogel is engineered by grafting cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM‐G3) onto the oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC) backbone, resulting in an injectable cationic hydrogel (OCMC‐PAMAM‐G3, O‐P). This hydrogel can capture anionic microbial‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). These findings reveal that using O‐P application circumvents the disruption of the oral mucosa microbiome caused by traditional antibiotics. Additionally, this hydrogel can mitigate inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a ligature‐induced periodontitis mouse model by alleviating the LPS/cfDNA‐TLR4/9 pathway. Moreover, topical administration of O‐P hydrogel has no significant adverse effects on the oral mucosa microbiome while improving the local subgingival microbiome. The study highlights a strategy targeting MAMPs while avoiding antibiotics, as it can mitigate the bacteria‐triggered proinflammatory immune response and potentially preserve oral dysbiosis.
Photocatalytic Carbon Dots‐Triggered Pyroptosis for Whole Cancer Cell Vaccines
Authors: Cheng Quansheng , Zhang Tesen , Wang Qingcheng , Wu Xue , Li Lingyun , Lin Runxing , Zhou Yinning , Qu Songnan
Published: August 2024

Manufacturing whole cancer cell vaccines (WCCV) with both biosafety and efficacy is crucial for tumor immunotherapy. Pyroptotic cancer cells, due to their highly immunogenic properties, present a promising avenue for the development of WCCV. However, the successful development of WCCV based on pyroptotic cancer cells is yet to be accomplished. Here, a facile strategy that utilized photocatalytic carbon dots (CDs) to induce pyroptosis of cancer cells for fabricating WCCV is reported. Photocatalytic CDs are capable of generating substantial amounts of hydroxyl radicals and can effectively decrease cytoplasmic pH values under white light irradiation. This process efficiently triggers cancer cell pyroptosis through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mitochondria‐caspase 3‐gasdermin E pathway and the proton motive force‐driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis pathway. Moreover, in vitro, these photocatalytic CDs‐induced pyroptotic cancer cells (PCIP) can hyperactivate macrophage (M0–M1) with upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In vivo, PCIP induced specific immune‐preventive effects in melanoma and breast cancer mouse models through anticancer immune memory, demonstrating effective WCCV. This work provides novel insights for inducing cancer cell pyroptosis and bridges the gap in the fabrication of WCCV based on pyroptotic cancer cells.
Biphilic Functional Surfaces for Frost Prevention and Efficient Active Defrosting
Authors: Saeidiharzand Shaghayegh , Sadaghiani Abdolali Khalili , Orejon Daniel , Sefiane Khellil , Koşar Ali
Published: August 2024

The present work addresses the systematic accurate fabrication and design of biphilic surfaces having superhydrophobic circular islands surrounded by a hydrophilic background by investigating their condensation frosting and defrosting behavior. A significant delay in frost formation is observed on samples with higher superhydrophobicity ratio A*, defined as superhydrophobic area to total area ratio. As the superhydrophobic island diameter D increases from D = 500 µm to D = 700 µm (A* from 19.62% to 38.46%), a 50% improvement/delay is observed in terms of frost formation or densification. Besides delaying icing/frosting, the presence of superhydrophobic areas empowers the formation of porous and nonuniform frost structure, which facilitates ice removal during the defrosting process. To this end, as the surface is recovered the ambient temperature, almost complete passive cleaning performance within only 23 s is observed on the biphilic design having superhydrophobic islands with the diameter of D = 500 µm, that is, a superhydrophobicity ratio A* of 19.62%. This work concludes on the optimum biphilic ratio, which is not only effective as a passive method by hindering frosting but also leads to a slush/water free surface after defrosting eased by the Laplace pressure gradient which is imposed by the different biphilic wettability patterns.
AI‐Assisted Plasmonic Enhanced Colorimetric Fluidic Device for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection from Cancer Cells
Authors: del Real Mata Carolina , Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Jalali Mahsa , Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , AbdElFatah Tamer , Kaur Jashandeep , He Ziwei , Mahshid Sara
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an essential molecule to various physiological processes and is commonly used for the detection and monitoring of glucose and cell viability.  Furthermore, it is identified as a signal of oncogenic growth due to its widespread presence within the cancer cell environment. However, the low concentrations of H2O2 released by cancer cells' metabolism challenge current detection methods' capabilities and their practicality for translation to clinical applications. Colorimetric assays with simple readouts are a promising solution, provided that their sensitivity and rapidity in detecting H2O2 improve.  Here, a plasmonic enhanced nanopatterned platform is proposed coupled with an Amplex Red assay to monitor the color change of H2O2 released from cancer cells. The nanopatterned platform embedded into a multiplexed microfluidic device enhances the kinetics of the reaction ≈7 times. This approach has reached a limit of detection of 1 pm when tested in breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer media. The collected color images are processed and analyzed by a machine learning algorithm that categorizes them into “high” or “low‐to‐no” concentrations of H2O2 with 91% accuracy. This study is a step toward developing a device for highly sensitive H2O2 detection that is easily adaptable, user‐friendly, portable, and automated.
Upcycling of High‐Rate Ni‐Rich Cathodes through Intrinsic Structural Features
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Yao Ning , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiqiao , Shao Ahu , Liu Jiacheng , Cheng Lu , Guo Yuxiang , Ma Yue
Published: August 2024

The paradigm shift toward the closed‐loop recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries necessitates the direct, efficient cathode recovery that goes beyond the traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy techniques, meanwhile avoiding substantial energy consumption, tedious procedures, or chemical contamination. In this study, a straightforward, dual‐functional upcycling approach is presented for the spent nickel‐rich cathodes to boost their high‐rate performance. Specifically, the protocol rationally employs the Li vacancy within the degraded oxide to minimize the La diffusion barrier, expanding the lattice spacing of the layered structure; the Li+ conductive, conformal LiLaO2 encapsulation further suppresses the interfacial acid corrosion and structural deterioration into the rock‐salt phase. Transmission‐mode X‐ray diffraction tracks the reversible lattice breathing of the regenerated cathode in operando, suggesting the continuous, kinetically boosted solid‐solution process with all the microcracks repaired. The as‐assembled regenerated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Graphite pouch cell (1.4Ah) thus achieves 91.0% capacity retention for 500 cycles, the energy density of 277 Wh kg−1 as well as extreme power output of 1030 W kg−1 at the cell level. This upcycling strategy paves the way for value‐added utilization of the retired Ni‐rich cathodes in practical high‐rate battery prototypes.
Design, Control, and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Actuation Systems: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Huo Yingxin , Yang Lidong , Xu Tiantian , Sun Dong
Published: August 2024

The enhancement of medical services relies significantly on engineering research. Magnetic actuation systems (MASs) are designed to be safe for biomedical applications and offer long‐distance and dynamic control capabilities, rendering them highly favorable for clinical applications. The integration of MASs with sophisticated perception and positioning methods enhances their suitability for clinical applications. Achieving this goal hinges on the development of MASs and their control methods; thus, a comprehensive review of current technical and scientific issues is indispensable for addressing the related challenges. This review encompasses both the classical and state‐of‐the‐art research, providing readers with a thorough understanding of the intricacies involved in MAS design, system control methods, clinical applications, and guidance toward the next phase of exploration. In addition, a detailed illustration of the underlying principles of the magnetic actuation method is provided, which helps delineate the design principles. A detailed analysis of potential clinical applications in hard‐to‐reach environments inside the human body provides guidance for interdisciplinary researchers. Challenges and opportunities associated with MAS design and application are summarized to inspire researchers and stimulate innovative explorations. Finally, this review concludes that sustained research in this field has the potential to yield groundbreaking advancements capable of revolutionizing modern medicine.
Supramolecular Anchoring of Fe(III) Molecular Redox Catalysts into Graphitic Surfaces Via CH‐π and π–π Interactions for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Luo Zhi‐Mei , Wang Jia‐Wei , Nicaso Marco , Gil‐Sepulcre Marcos , Solano Eduardo , Nikolaou Vasilis , Benet Jordi , Segado‐Centellas Mireia , Bo Carles , Llobet Antoni
Published: August 2024

Photoelectrochemical devices require solid anodes and cathodes for the easy assembling of the whole cell and thus redox catalysts need to be deposited on the electrodes. Typical catalyst deposition involves drop casting, spin coating, doctor blading or related techniques to generate modified electrodes where the active catalyst in contact with the electrolyte is only a very small fraction of the deposited mass. We have developed a methodology where the redox catalyst is deposited at the electrode based on supramolecular interactions, namely CH‐π and π–π between the catalyst and the surface. This generates a very well‐defined catalysts‐surface structure and electroactivity, together with a very large catalytic response. This approach represents a new anchoring strategy that can be applied to catalytic redox reactions in heterogeneous phase and compared to traditional methods involves about 4–5 orders of magnitude less mass deposition to achieve comparable activity and with very well‐behaved electroactivity and stability.
Understand impact of legal landscape on DEI efforts
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: August 2024

It's been just over a year since the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College and University of North Carolina, 600 US 181 (2023). That June 29, 2023 decision effectively eliminated the ability for institutions of higher education to consider an individuals’ protected status as a factor in admissions decisions designed to advance diversity. The Supreme Court found that Harvard's and North Carolina's consideration of protected status in admissions couldn’t satisfy strict scrutiny. The programs therefore violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Probing Noncovalent Interactions by Fast Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR at 100 kHz and More
Authors: Schröder Nina , Bartalucci Ettore , Wiegand Thomas
Published: August 2024

Noncovalent interactions are the basis for a large number of chemical and biological molecular‐recognition processes, such as those occurring in supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, solid‐state reactions in mechanochemistry, protein folding, protein‐nucleic acid binding, and biomolecular phase separation processes. In this perspective article, some recent developments in probing noncovalent interactions by proton‐detected solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at Magic‐Angle Spinning (MAS) frequencies of 100 kHz and more are reviewed. The development of MAS rotors with decreasing outer diameters, combined with the development of superconducting magnets operating at high static magnetic‐field strengths up to 28.2 T (1200 MHz proton Larmor frequency) improves resolution and sensitivity in proton‐detected solid‐state NMR, which is the fundamental requirement for shedding light on noncovalent interactions in solids. The examples reported in this article range from protein‐nucleic acid binding in large ATP‐fueled motor proteins to a hydrogen‐π interaction in a calixarene‐lanthanide complex.
Bifurcation analysis and control in a DC–AC inverter with PID controller
Authors: Wu Ronghua , Zhang Xiaohong , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the rich bifurcation and chaotic characteristics in the inverter with proportion integral derivative (PID) controller, the discrete iterative model of such an inverter was derived based on the stroboscopic mapping theory; the nonlinear evolution and the cause of instability in this inverter are analyzed. It was observed that the low‐frequency oscillation following instability was due to the Hopf bifurcation, which will decrease the power supplied quality by the inverter. To address the potential issue of the system instability caused by nonlinear behaviors, an improved exponential time‐delay feedback control scheme was proposed. The controlled object's output current first subtracted its own delay a period of time to form a difference term, which was subsequently fed into an exponential link to make difference with the constant 1. The resulting value was then fed into a proportional link to obtain the control term, which was applied to the PID controlled inverter in a feedback manner. Moreover, the range of the feedback proportional coefficient was solved via the Jury criterion. Finally, the effectiveness of this scheme was verified through the comparative simulations, demonstrating that this scheme can not only increase the stability domain for each parameter by more than 50% in the PID controlled inverter but also stabilize the quasi‐periodic behavior due to the low scale oscillation caused by the Hopf bifurcation at the switching frequency.
Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender
Authors: Lopera‐Perez Diana C. , Obradović Jelena , Yousafzai Aisha K. , Keehn Brandon , Siyal Saima , Nelson Charles A. , Tarullo Amanda R.
Published: August 2024

Adversity within low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) poses severe threats to neurocognitive development, which can be partially mitigated by high‐quality early family experiences. Specifically, maternal scaffolding and home stimulation can buffer cognitive development in LMIC, possibly by protecting underlying neural functioning. However, the association between family experiences and neural activity remains largely unexplored in LMIC contexts. This study explored the relation of early family experiences to later cognitive skills and absolute gamma power (21–45 Hz), a neural marker linked to higher‐order cognitive skills. Drawing data from the PEDS trial, a longitudinal study in rural Pakistan, we examined maternal scaffolding at 24 months and home stimulation quality at 18 months as predictors of verbal IQ, executive functions, and absolute gamma at 48 months for 105 mother‐child dyads (52 girls). Maternal scaffolding interacted with gender to predict absolute gamma power, such that higher maternal scaffolding was related to higher gamma more strongly for girls. Maternal scaffolding also interacted with absolute gamma to predict executive functions, such that higher gamma was related to better executive functions only when maternal scaffolding was average to high. Individual differences in early family experiences may partially buffer the neural underpinnings of cognitive skills from adversity in LMIC.
Characterization and Optimization of the Photoluminescent Properties of Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: Kulhanek Niclas , Borysova Kateryna V. , Kirchner Michael , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Göttlich Richard
Published: August 2024

In our previous work we could show, that Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines are compounds with interesting optical properties. In this work, we optimized the photoluminescent properties of imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines by following outlined trends in our previous work. By introducing electron‐rich and electron‐poor residual groups on the imidazole ring, the quantum yield (QY) could be significantly increased. This indicated a clear advantageous substitution pattern for this system. In addition, cyclic voltammetric and UV/vis measurements in solid state lay the foundation for applications, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Impact of local site conditions on seismic performance of free‐spanning submarine pipelines: Underwater shaking table tests and numerical simulations
Authors: Pan Haiyang , Li Chao , Li Hong‐Nan , Ma Ruisheng , Guo Jin
Published: August 2024

Local site conditions may pose a significant influence on the seismic responses of submarine pipelines by altering both the offshore motion propagation and soil‐structure interaction (SSI). This paper aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of the influence regularity of local site conditions on the seismic performance of free‐spanning submarine pipelines (FSSPs). For this purpose, a suite of underwater shaking table tests were performed to investigate the seismic responses of FSSP subjected to the offshore spatial motions at three site categories. Response comparison factor () is defined to quantify the structural response discrepancies caused by the seismic inputs at different sites. The test results indicate that responses of the studied model FSSP gradually increase as spatial offshore motions at softer soil sites are employed as inputs; and the values of vary with a maximum magnitude of up to 40%–60% for different response indices when the site soil changes from fine sand to clay. Subsequently, the corresponding numerical simulations are carried out to reproduce the seismic responses of the test model. The experimental and numerical results meet a good agreement, indicating that the developed numerical modeling method can accurately predict the seismic responses of FSSPs. Following this verified modeling method and using the p‐y approach to address the SSI effect, fragility surfaces of the studied FSSP are derived in terms of PGA and site parameter (shear‐wave velocity in the top 30 m of the soil profile) via probabilistic seismic demand analyses. The impact of local site conditions on the seismic performance of the FSSP is quantitatively examined by comparing the fragility curves corresponding to various . Furthermore, a fast seismic damage assessment method is proposed for efficiently evaluating the performance of FSSPs buried in various offshore soil conditions. This approach proves beneficial for designers and decision‐makers, enabling accurate estimation of seismic damage and facilitating the implementation of post‐earthquake maintenance measures for FSSPs.
Cheirostylis tortilacinia C. S. Leou (Orchidaceae), a new record for India and its typification
Authors: Khanal Madhusudhan , Sarkar Shuvadip , Rai Santosh Kumar , Kumar Devendra , Bhattacharjee Avishek
Published: August 2024

Cheirostylis tortilacinia C. S. Leou (Orchidaceae), has been reported for the first time in India from Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal. Cheirostylis tortilacinia is morphologically allied to Cheirostylis parvifolia during anthesis but clear differences can be traced on closer examination of the vegetative morphology and the floral characters. Detailed taxonomical description along with photoplates, species comparison table with the allied species from India, and notes on typification have been provided in this current communication to aid in easy identification of this species.
Cardiovascular effects of long‐duration space flight
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Ullah Rehmat , Simran Bharti F. N. U. , Kaur Parvinder , Kumar Mahendra , Raj Rohan , Faraz Maria , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Early studies exploring the physiological effects of space travel have indicated the body's capacity for reversible adaptation. However, the impact of long‐duration spaceflight, exceeding 6 months, presents more intricate challenges.

Effects on the Cardiovascular (CV) System

Extended exposure to microgravity and radiation profoundly affects the CV system. Notable phenomena include fluid shifts toward the head and modified arterial pressure. These changes disrupt blood pressure regulation and elevate cardiac output. Additionally, the loss of venous compression leads to a reduction in central venous pressure.

Fluid and Plasma Volume Changes

The displacement of fluid from the vascular system to the interstitium, driven by baroreceptor stimulation, results in a 10%–15% decline in plasma volume.

Cardiac Muscle and Hematocrit Variations

Intriguingly, despite potential increases in cardiac workload, cardiac muscle atrophy and perplexing variations in hematocrit levels have been observed. The mechanism underlying atrophy appears to involve a shift in protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin‐mediated mechanisms.

Arrhythmias and QT Interval Prolongation

Instances of arrhythmias have been recurrently documented, although generally nonlethal, in both Russian and American space missions. Long‐duration spaceflight has been associated with the prolongation of the QT interval, particularly in extended missions.

Radiation Effects

Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation pervasive in deep space contributes to coronary artery degeneration, augmented aortic stiffness, and carotid intima thickening through collagen‐mediated processes. Moreover, it accelerates the onset of atherosclerosis and triggers proinflammatory responses.

Reentry and Postflight Challenges

Upon reentry, astronauts frequently experience orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses, which bear potential hazards in scenarios requiring rapid mobilization or evacuation.

Conclusion

Consequently, careful monitoring of these cardiac risks is imperative for forthcoming missions. While early studies illuminate the adaptability of the body to space travel's challenges, the intricacies of long‐duration missions and their effects on the CV system necessitate continued investigation and vigilance to ensure astronaut health and mission success.
Examining the impact of filling ratio on thermosyphon performance in passive energy recovery processes with dual effects of evaporative cooling: An experimental study
Authors: Mohsin ALsayah Ahmed , Faraj Johain J. , Eidan Adel A. , Alshukri Mohammed J.
Published: August 2024

The thermosyphon heat exchanger contributes significantly to the improvement of energy conservation technology and has been used in multiple applications, raising the possibility of further studies to contribute to increasing the efficiency of heat pipes. This experimental study examines the different filling ratios of pure Acetone liquid inside a WHPHE integrated with the double‐effect of evaporative cooling to improve the energy‐saving technology. This work studies changing the filling ratio of pure acetone working fluid to investigate the effect of the filling ratio on heat exchanger performance in waste energy recovery technology. The heat exchanger was used with four rows and five tubes per row arranged in a staggered manner. The filling ratio of acetone inside the heat pipe was changed from 50% to 100%. The effect of the mass flow rate of air flowing in direct evaporative cooling on energy conservation technology was studied while the mass flow rate of air through indirect cooling remains constant in addition to the effect of ambient temperature. The results showed that the best filling percentage was between 80% at different temperatures, and the highest energy recovery percentage was when it was at the filling percentage of 80% in the presence of evaporative cooling.
Birth companionship: The effect of introducing Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) intervention on improving quality of care: An implementation study
Authors: Lemma Kidist , Bekele Delayehu , Tolu Lemi Belay , Tadesse Felagot , Kifle Tsinat , Sium Abraham Fessehaye
Published: August 2024

Synopsis

Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) intervention is an effective strategy in increasing the practice of birth companionship.
SIRT2 regulates high mobility group protein B1 nucleoplasmic shuttle and degradation via deacetylation in microglia
Authors: Xing Wan‐Qun , Piao Xian‐ji , Han Qi , Shi Hui‐Ying , Wu Wen‐Cong , Si Fan , Lu Jing‐Jing , Zhou Tie‐Zhong , Guo Jing‐Ru , Li Shi‐Ze , Xu Bin
Published: August 2024

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) acts as a pathogenic inflammatory response to mediate ranges of conditions such as epilepsy, septic shock, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and mass spectrometry. HMGB1 promotes inflammation during sterile and infectious damage and plays a crucial role in disease development. Mobilization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is the first important step in the release of HMGB1 from activated immune cells. Here, we demonstrated that Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) physically interacts with and deacetylates HMGB1 at 43 lysine residue at nuclear localization signal locations, strengthening its interaction with HMGB1 and causing HMGB1 to be localized in the cytoplasm. These discoveries are the first to shed light on the SIRT2 nucleoplasmic shuttle, which influences HMGB1 and its degradation, hence revealing novel therapeutic targets and avenues for neuroinflammation treatment.
Applications and accuracy of 3D‐printed surgical guides in traumatology and orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hess Silvan , Husarek Julius , Müller Martin , Eberlein Sophie C. , Klenke Frank M. , Hecker Andreas
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient‐Specific Surgical Guides (PSSGs) are advocated for reducing radiation exposure, operation time and enhancing precision in surgery. However, existing accuracy assessments are limited to specific surgeries, leaving uncertainties about variations in accuracy across different anatomical sites, three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies and manufacturers (traditional vs. printed at the point of care). This study aimed to evaluate PSSGs accuracy in traumatology and orthopaedic surgery, considering anatomical regions, printing methods and manufacturers.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Studies were eligible if they (1) assessed the accuracy of PSSGs by comparing preoperative planning and postoperative results in at least two different planes (2) used either computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (3) covered the field of orthopaedic surgery or traumatology and (4) were available in English or German language. The ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies’ was used for methodological quality assessment. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and ranges, are presented. A random effects meta‐analysis was performed to determine the pooled mean absolute deviation between preoperative plan and postoperative result for each anatomic region (shoulder, hip, spine, and knee).

Results

Of 4212 initially eligible studies, 33 were included in the final analysis (8 for shoulder, 5 for hip, 5 for spine, 14 for knee and 1 for trauma). Pooled mean deviation (95% confidence interval) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), total hip arthroplasty (THA) and spine surgery (pedicle screw placement during spondylodesis) were 1.82° (1.48, 2.15), 2.52° (1.9, 3.13), 3.49° (3.04, 3.93) and 2.67° (1.64, 3.69), respectively. Accuracy varied between TKA and THA and between TKA and TSA.

Conclusion

Accuracy of PSSGs depends on the type of surgery but averages around 2–3° deviation from the plan. The use of PSSGs might be considered for selected complex cases.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 (meta‐analysis including Level 3 studies).
A deep learning‐guided automated workflow in LipidOz for detailed characterization of fungal fatty acid unsaturation by ozonolysis
Authors: Ross Dylan H. , Bredeweg Erin L. , Eder Josie G. , Orton Daniel J. , Burnet Meagan C. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Zheng Xueyun
Published: August 2024

Understanding fungal lipid biology and metabolism is critical for antifungal target discovery as lipids play central roles in cellular processes. Nuances in lipid structural differences can significantly impact their functions, making it necessary to characterize lipids in detail to understand their roles in these complex systems. In particular, lipid double bond (DB) locations are an important component of lipid structure that can only be determined using a few specialized analytical techniques. Ozone‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID‐MS) is one such technique that uses ozone to break lipid DBs, producing pairs of characteristic fragments that allow the determination of DB positions. In this work, we apply OzID‐MS and LipidOz software to analyze the complex lipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains transformed with different fatty acid desaturases from Histoplasma capsulatum to determine the specific unsaturated lipids produced. The automated data analysis in LipidOz made the determination of DB positions from this large dataset more practical, but manual verification for all targets was still time‐consuming. The DL model reduces manual involvement in data analysis, but since it was trained using mammalian lipid extracts, the prediction accuracy on yeast‐derived data was reduced. We addressed both shortcomings by retraining the DL model to act as a pre‐filter to prioritize targets for automated analysis, providing confident manually verified results but requiring less computational time and manual effort. Our workflow resulted in the determination of detailed DB positions and enzymatic specificity.
Searchsmart.org: Guiding researchers to the best databases and search systems for systematic reviews and beyond
Authors: Gusenbauer Michael
Published: August 2024

When searching for scholarly documents, researchers often stick with the same familiar handful of databases. Yet, just beyond these limited horizons lie dozens of alternatives with which they could search more effectively, whether for quick lookups or thorough searches in systematic reviews or meta‐analyses. Searchsmart.org is a free website that guides researchers to particularly suitable search options for their particular disciplines, offering a wide array of resources, including search engines, aggregators, journal platforms, repositories, clinical trials databases, bibliographic databases, and digital libraries. Search Smart currently evaluates the coverage and functionality of more than a hundred leading scholarly databases, including most major multidisciplinary databases and many that are discipline‐specific. Search Smart's primary use cases involve database‐selection decisions as part of systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, or bibliometric analyses. Researchers can use up to 583 criteria to filter and sort recommendations of databases and the interfaces through which they can be accessed for user‐friendliness, search rigor, or relevance. With specific pre‐defined filter settings, researchers can quickly identify particularly suitable databases for Boolean keyword searching and forward or backward citation searching. Overall, Search Smart's recommendations help researchers to discover knowledge more effectively and efficiently by selecting the more suitable databases for their tasks.
Visual perception of distance in 3D‐augmented reality head‐up displays
Authors: Lee Tae Hee , Jeong Young Ju
Published: August 2024

A head‐up display (HUD) is conveniently used to provide information on the display without changing the user's gaze. 3D HUDs, capable of projecting three‐dimensional information beyond the 2D HUDs, enable the projection of augmented reality (AR) objects into the real world. Research on the perception of 3D AR HUDs is crucial for their efficient utilization and secure commercialization. In this study, we examined whether a 3D HUD is more comfortable than a 2D HUD in the context of viewing real‐world environments and augmented reality objects together. Additionally, we analyzed participants' perception of distance and fatigue for AR objects at varying distances from the 3D HUD. The study found that using a 3D HUD in an AR environment resulted in less fatigue than using a 2D HUD, as determined by a Mann–Whitney statistical analysis. Participants were able to match the depth of AR objects in a 3D HUD within a range of 3 to 50 m, with similar diopter and parallax angular distance errors, regardless of the distance of the AR object. Visual fatigue increases with increasing distance from the virtual‐image plane and can be modeled as a quadratic function in the domain of diopter and parallax angles.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 39th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies: Scalable strategies to address the impact of trauma worldwide
Authors: Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. , Schultebraucks Katharina
Published: August 2024

This editorial summary provides an overview of the 39th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) held from November 1–4, 2023. The meeting, themed “Scalable Strategies to Address the Impact of Trauma Worldwide: Innovations and Implementation,” encouraged presenters to focus on the scalability of traumatic stress research and practice. The articles presented at the meeting, which form this issue, cover a broad spectrum of topics, from basic biological mechanisms to innovative digital engagement to population‐wide treatments. These articles emphasize eliminating biases in research design and psychiatric practice, promoting health equity, and addressing the unique challenges of traumatic stress. This summary underscores the importance of scalability in developing flexible, dynamic, and inclusive mental health care interventions.
Exploring the galvanic corrosion behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy: TA1 titanium alloy based on finite element simulation
Authors: Li Xinyang , Zhang Junkai , Li Lei , Wang Wenjia , Xu Guocheng , Hou Zhonglin
Published: August 2024

Using polarization curve scanning, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, macroscopic morphology observation, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the corrosion regulars of connectors were investigated. A galvanic corrosion simulation model of aluminum‐titanium rivets was established by electrochemical experimental parameters as boundary conditions. The results showed that the galvanic couple connection accelerated the corrosion significantly. XRD and EDS results show that the main corrosion products are Al2O3, Al(OH)3. The corrosion potential of riveted parts decreased from the riveting point to both sides, ranging from −0.664 to −0.655 V. The corrosion current density decreases along both sides, and the corrosion current density at the most edge is 0.0113 A/m2. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the model effectively predicted the galvanic corrosion behavior of aluminum‐titanium rivets.
An autoantibody profile identified by human genome‐wide protein arrays in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Xiaoying , Kang Yu‐Jian , Huang Fei , Liu Shuang , Guo Yixue , Li Yingni , Yin Changcheng , Liu Mingling , Han Qimao , Wang Qingwen , Ye Hua , Yao Haihong , Li Chun , Li Jiahe , Pingcuo Wangzha , Zhang Yan , Su Yin , Gao Ge , Li Zhanguo , Sun Xiaolin
Published: August 2024

Precise diagnostic biomarkers of anticitrullination protein antibody (ACPA)‐negative and early‐stage RA are still to be improved. We aimed to screen autoantibodies in ACPA‐negative patients and evaluated their diagnostic performance. The human genome‐wide protein arrays (HuProt arrays) were used to define specific autoantibodies from the sera of 182 RA patients and 261 disease and healthy controls. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0. In Phase I study, 51 out of 19,275 recombinant proteins covering the whole human genome were selected. In Phase II validation study, anti‐ANAPC15 (anaphase promoting complex subunit 15) exhibited 41.8% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity among total RA patients. There were five autoantibodies increased in ACPA‐negative RA, including anti‐ANAPC15, anti‐LSP1, anti‐APBB1, anti‐parathymosin, and anti‐UBL7. Anti‐parathymosin showed the highest prevalence of 46.2% (p = 0.016) in ACPA‐negative early stage (<2 years) RA. To further improve the diagnostic efficacy, a prediction model was constructed with 44 autoantibodies. With increased threshold for RA calling, the specificity of the model is 90.8%, while the sensitivity is 66.1% (87.8% in ACPA‐positive RA and 23.8% in ACPA‐negative RA) in independent testing patients. Therefore, HuProt arrays identified RA‐associated autoantibodies that might become possible diagnostic markers, especially in early stage ACPA‐negative RA.
Nutrition outcomes of disease modifying therapies in spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic review
Authors: O'Brien Katie , Nguo Kay , Yiu Eppie M. , Woodcock Ian R. , Billich Natassja , Davidson Zoe E.
Published: August 2024

The nutritional implications of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are profound. Disease modifying therapies (DMT) have improved clinical outcomes. This review describes the impact of DMT on nutrition outcomes. A systematic search strategy was applied across seven databases until May 2023. Eligible studies measured nutrition outcomes in individuals with SMA on DMT (nusinersen, risdiplam or onasemnogene abeparvovec [OA]) compared to untreated comparators. Nutrition outcomes included anthropometry, feeding route, swallowing dysfunction, dietary intake, dietetic intervention, nutritional biochemistry, metabolism, gastrointestinal issues and energy expenditure. Articles retrieved were screened in duplicate, data were extracted and appraised systematically. Sixty three articles from 54 studies were included; 41% (n = 22) investigated nusinersen in pediatric participants with SMA type 1. Anthropometry (n = 18), feeding route (n = 39), and swallowing dysfunction (n = 18) were the most commonly reported outcomes. In combined pediatric and adult cohorts, BMI z‐score remained stable post nusinersen therapy. The proportion of children with SMA requiring enteral nutrition was stable post nusinersen therapy. Ability to thrive at age 1.5 years was higher in children treated in early infancy with OA compared to historical controls. Significant heterogeneity existed across study population characteristics and outcome measures. Nusinersen may prevent deterioration in some nutrition outcomes; and OA in early infancy may be associated with improved nutrition outcomes. Timing of DMT initiation is an important consideration for future nutrition research. Studies investigating nutrition as a primary outcome of DMT, using consistent outcome measures are required for nutritional management strategies for this cohort to be appropriately tailored.
Organization of shared care networks and their role in overcoming challenges and enhancing outcomes for childhood cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Afungchwi Glenn Mbah , Waindim Yvonne , Pondy‐Ongotsoyi Angele , Essono Justine , Youwa Prisca , Frambo Andreas , Tayou Rachael , Grace Nyemb Mbog , Kengang Armelle , Eyambe Lydia , Farida Haoua , Chishugi John , Kouya Francine , Nkegoum Blaise
Published: August 2024

This systematic review examines shared care networks (SCNs) in pediatric oncology as a strategic response to the healthcare challenges in low‐ and middle‐income countries. SCNs integrate specialized hubs with local satellite centers to enhance accessibility and quality of care. Our methodology included a search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus, selecting peer‐reviewed articles from the last 20 years. We analyzed nine studies, focusing on SCN definitions, models, and outcomes. Findings reveal that SCNs improve clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, while reducing economic and emotional burdens through standardized protocols and efficient referral systems. Despite the benefits, challenges remain in maintaining consistent care quality and communication across centers. The review underscores the need for further research to quantify benefits, examine long‐term outcomes, and refine operational practices to optimize SCNs’ effectiveness in pediatric oncology.
Updated sustainability status of cadmium telluride thin‐film photovoltaic systems and projections
Authors: Fthenakis Vasilis , Leccisi Enrica , Sinha Parikhit
Published: August 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the up‐to‐date life‐cycle sustainability status of cadmium‐telluride based photovoltaic (PV) systems. Current production modules (Series 6 and Series 7) are analyzed in terms of their energy performance and environmental footprint and compared with the older series 4 module production and current single‐crystalline Silicon (sc‐Si) module production. For fixed‐tilt systems with Series 6 modules operating under average US irradiation of 1800 kWh/m2/year, the global warming potential (GWP) is reduced from 16 g CO2eq/kWh in Series 4 systems to 10 CO2eq/kWh in Series 6 systems. For operation in US‐SW irradiation of 2300 kWh/m2/year, the GWP is reduced from 11 to 8 CO2eq/kWh and for 1‐axis tracking systems operating in Phoenix, Arizona, with point‐of array irradiation of 3051 kWh/m2/year the GWP is reduced to 6.5 CO2eq/kWh. Similar reductions have happened in all environmental indicators. Energy payback times (EPBT) of currently installed systems range from 0.6 years for fixed‐tilt ground‐mounted installations at average US irradiation at latitude tilt installations to 0.3 years for one‐axis trackers at high US‐SW irradiation, considering average fossil‐fuel dominated electricity grids with fuel to electricity conversion efficiency of 0.3. The resulting energy return on energy investment (EROI) also depends on the conversion efficiency of the electricity grid and on the operation life expectance. For a 30‐year operational life and grid conversion efficiency of 0.3, EROI ranges from 50 (at US average irradiation) to 70 for US‐SW irradiation. The EROI declines with increased grid conversion efficiency; for CdTe PV operating in south California with grid conversion efficiency of 49%, the EROI is about 50 and is projected to fall to 30 when the state's 2030 target of 80% renewable energy penetration materializes. Material alternatives that show a potential of further reductions in degradation rates and materials for enhanced encapsulation that would enable longer operation lives have also been investigated. A degradation rate of 0.3%/year, which has been verified by accelerated testing, is assumed in 30‐year scenarios; this is projected to be reduced to 0.2%/year in the near‐term and potentially to 0.1%/year in the longer term. With such low degradation rates and enhanced edge‐sealing, modules can last 40‐ to 50‐years. Consequently, all impact indicators will be proportionally reduced while EROI will increase. This detailed LCA was conducted according to ISO standards and IEA PVPS Task 12 guidelines. The study revealed that the choices of system models, methods and temporal system boundaries can significantly impact the results and points out to the need to include assumptions regarding these choices in the “transparency in reporting” requirements listed in the IEA PVPS Task 12 Guidelines.
Theoretical investigation on the influence of H2 ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}$ additions on the He + 1% O2 ${{\rm{O}}}_{2}$ plasma reactivity for water treatment applications
Authors: Shabaek Osama A. , Kher‐Elden Mohammad A. , Abd El‐Fattah Zakaria M. , Elakshar Farouk F. , Yassin Osama
Published: August 2024

Plasma‐based technologies offer environmentally friendly means of effective water purification. Here, we present a discharge system with He + 1% . Tunable amounts of were introduced to control the yield of reactive species. Detailed exploration of the system provides a deeper understanding of some of the fundamental chemical kinetics related to plasma‐based wastewater treatment. A global model was used to investigate the effect of additions on the yield of some important reactive species for advanced oxidation treatment of wastewater. Humidity leakage was considered to simulate the effect of humidified environments. The pathway analysis module provides deeper insight into chemical kinetics. It was concluded that additives can be used in tailoring plasma yield for water treatment applications.
Process Safety Maturity Assessment Tool
Authors: Cranston Joey
Published: August 2024

Due to rapid change from divestitures, acquisitions, and greenfield startups, Albemarle found it challenging to communicate and assess our Process Safety expectations. We decided we needed a tool that would both guide site management through the milestones related to process safety management systems and one that would allow senior management to assess progress. In addition, a tool was needed to challenge existing sites with continuous improvement goals in process safety management. For this reason, one key aspect of the tool is applicability to every site in the company; even though the maturity of the process safety program is diverse.
Advances in Quantum Metrology with Dielectrically Structured Single Photon Sources Based on Molecules
Authors: Lombardi Pietro , Georgieva Hristina , Hirt Franziska , Mony Juergen , Duquennoy Rocco , Emadi Ramin , Aparicio Maria Guadalupe , Colautti Maja , López Marco , Kück Stefan , Toninelli Costanza
Published: August 2024

In the realm of fundamental quantum science and technologies, non‐classical states of light, such as single‐photon Fock states, are widely studied. However, current standards and metrological procedures are not optimized for low light levels. Progress in this crucial scientific domain depends on innovative metrology approaches, utilizing reliable devices based on quantum effects. A new generation of molecule‐based single‐photon sources is presented, combining their integration in a polymeric micro‐lens with pulsed excitation schemes, thereby realizing suitable resources in quantum radiometry. The strategy enhances the efficiency of generated single photon pulses and improves stability, providing a portable source at 784.7 nm that maintains consistent performance even through a cooling and heating cycle. The calibration of a single‐photon avalanche detector is demonstrated using light sources with different photon statistics, and the advantages of the single‐molecule device are discussed. A relative uncertainty on the intrinsic detection efficiency well below 1% is attained, representing a new benchmark in the field.