bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT): Definition and Research Implications for Improved Fitness
Authors: Feito Yuri , Heinrich Katie , Butcher Scotty , Poston Walker
Published: August 2018

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment than more traditional exercise. As a relatively new training modality, HIFT is often compared to high-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the two are distinct. HIIT exercise is characterized by relatively short bursts of repeated vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise for recovery, while HIFT utilizes constantly varied functional exercises and various activity durations that may or may not incorporate rest. Over the last decade, studies evaluating the effectiveness of HIIT programs have documented improvements in metabolic and cardiorespiratory adaptations; however, less is known about the effects of HIFT. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a working definition of HIFT and review the available literature regarding its use to improve metabolic and cardiorespiratory adaptations in strength and conditioning programs among various populations. Additionally, we aim to create a definition that is used in future publications to evaluate more effectively the future impact of this type of training on health and fitness outcomes.
Cytokines IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ Alter the Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins Disparately: A Targeted Proteomics Analysis using SOMAscan Technology
Authors: Altieri Anthony , Piyadasa Hadeesha , Recksiedler Breann , Spicer Victor , Mookherjee Neeloffer
Published: August 2018

Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defence peptides, are immunomodulatory molecules required to resolve infections. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (APPs) are important in the control of infections in the lungs. Despite evidence that APPs exhibit a wide range of immune functions and modulate inflammation, the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the expression of APPs is not completely defined. In this study, we profiled the expression of 39 different APPs in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer)-based protein array, in the presence and absence of three different inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ). Expression of 13 different APPs was altered in response to IL-17, TNF or IFN-γ. Independent validations of selected proteins from the proteomics screen i.e., those that were significantly enhanced by >2-fold change (p < 0.01) using western blots conclusively demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines alter the expression of APPs differentially. For example, the abundance of cathepsin S was enhanced by only IFN-γ, whereas lipocalin-2 was increased by IL-17 alone. Abundance of elafin increased in presence of IL-17 or TNF, but decreased in response to IFN-γ. Whereas the abundance of cathepsin V decreased following stimulation with IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ. The results of this study demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines alter the expression of APPs disparately. This suggests that the composition of the inflammatory cytokine milieu may influence APPs abundance and thus alter the processes required for infection control and regulation of inflammation in the lungs.
Herschel Observations of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641*
Authors: Grant Sierra L. , Espaillat Catherine C. , Megeath S. Thomas , Calvet Nuria , Fischer William J. , Miller Christopher J. , Kim Kyoung Hee , Stutz Amelia M. , Ribas Álvaro , Robinson Connor E.
Published: August 2018

We analyze Herschel Space Observatory observations of 104 young stellar objects with protoplanetary disks in the ∼1.5 Myr star-forming region Lynds 1641 (L1641) within the Orion A Molecular Cloud. We present spectral energy distributions from the optical to the far-infrared including new photometry from the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer at 70 μm. Our sample, taken as part of the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey, contains 24 transitional disks, 8 of which we identify for the first time in this work. We analyze the full disks (FDs) with irradiated accretion disk models to infer dust settling properties. Using forward modeling to reproduce the observed

n

K

S

−
[
70
]

index for the FD sample, we find the observed disk indices are consistent with models that have depletion of dust in the upper layers of the disk relative to the midplane, indicating significant dust settling. We perform the same analysis on FDs in Taurus with Herschel data and find that Taurus is slightly more evolved, although both samples show signs of dust settling. These results add to the growing literature that significant dust evolution can occur in disks by ∼1.5 Myr.
Results from EDGES High-band. II. Constraints on Parameters of Early Galaxies
Authors: Monsalve Raul A. , Greig Bradley , Bowman Judd D. , Mesinger Andrei , Rogers Alan E. E. , Mozdzen Thomas J. , Kern Nicholas S. , Mahesh Nivedita
Published: August 2018

We use the sky-average spectrum measured by EDGES High-band (90–190 MHz) to constrain parameters of early galaxies independent of the absorption feature at 78 MHz reported by Bowman et al. These parameters represent traditional models of cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization produced with the 21cmFAST simulation code. The parameters considered are (1) the UV ionizing efficiency (ζ); (2) minimum halo virial temperature hosting efficient star-forming galaxies (

); (3) integrated soft-band X-ray luminosity (

); and (4) minimum X-ray energy escaping the first galaxies (E
0), corresponding to a typical H i column density for attenuation through the interstellar medium. The High-band spectrum disfavors high values of

and ζ, which correspond to signals with late absorption troughs and sharp reionization transitions. It also disfavors intermediate values of

, which produce relatively deep and narrow troughs within the band. Specifically, we rule out

(95% C.L.). We then combine the EDGES High-band data with constraints on the electron-scattering optical depth from Planck and the hydrogen neutral fraction from high-z quasars. This produces a lower degeneracy between ζ and

than that reported by Greig & Mesinger using the Planck and quasar constraints alone. Our main result in this combined analysis is the estimate

(95% C.L.). We leave the evaluation of 21 cm models using simultaneously data from EDGES Low- and High-band for future work.
NICER and Fermi GBM Observations of the First Galactic Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124
Authors: Wilson-Hodge Colleen A. , Malacaria Christian , Jenke Peter A. , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Kerr Matthew , Wolff Michael T. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Chakrabarty Deepto , Doty John P. , Gendreau Keith C. , Guillot Sebastien , Ho Wynn C. G. , LaMarr Beverly , Markwardt Craig B. , Özel Feryal , Prigozhin Gregory Y. , Ray Paul S. , Ramos-Lerate Mercedes , Remillard Ronald A. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Vezie Michael L. , Wood Kent S. ,   on behalf of the NICER Science Team
Published: August 2018

Swift J0243.6+6124 is a newly discovered Galactic Be/X-ray binary, revealed in late 2017 September in a giant outburst with a peak luminosity of 2 × 1039(d/7 kpc)2 erg s−1 (0.1–10 keV), with no formerly reported activity. At this luminosity, Swift J0243.6+6124 is the first known galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar. We describe Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) timing and spectral analyses for this source. A new orbital ephemeris is obtained for the binary system using spin frequencies measured with GBM and 15–50 keV fluxes measured with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Burst Alert Telescope to model the system’s intrinsic spin-up. Power spectra measured with NICER show considerable evolution with luminosity, including a quasi-periodic oscillation near 50 mHz that is omnipresent at low luminosity and has an evolving central frequency. Pulse profiles measured over the combined 0.2–100 keV range show complex evolution that is both luminosity and energy dependent. Near the critical luminosity of L ∼ 1038 erg s−1, the pulse profiles transition from single peaked to double peaked, the pulsed fraction reaches a minimum in all energy bands, and the hardness ratios in both NICER and GBM show a turnover to softening as the intensity increases. This behavior repeats as the outburst rises and fades, indicating two distinct accretion regimes. These two regimes are suggestive of the accretion structure on the neutron star surface transitioning from a Coulomb collisional stopping mechanism at lower luminosities to a radiation-dominated stopping mechanism at higher luminosities. This is the highest observed (to date) value of the critical luminosity, suggesting a magnetic field of B ∼ 1013 G.
Runaway Coalescence at the Onset of Common Envelope Episodes
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Ostriker Eve C. , Stone James M.
Published: August 2018

Luminous red nova transients, presumably from stellar coalescence, exhibit long-term precursor emission over hundreds of binary orbits, leading to impulsive outbursts with durations similar to a single orbital period. In an effort to understand these signatures, we present and analyze a hydrodynamic model of unstable mass transfer from a giant-star donor onto a more compact accretor in a binary system. Our simulation begins with mass transfer at the Roche limit separation and traces a phase of runaway decay leading to the plunge of the accretor within the envelope of the donor. We characterize the fluxes of mass and angular momentum through the system and show that the orbital evolution can be reconstructed from measurements of these quantities. The morphology of outflow from the binary changes significantly as the binary orbit tightens. At wide separations, a thin stream of relatively high-entropy gas trails from the outer Lagrange points. As the orbit tightens, the orbital motion desynchronizes from the donor’s rotation, and low-entropy ejecta trace a broad fan of largely ballistic trajectories. An order-of-magnitude increase in mass ejection rate accompanies the plunge of the accretor with the envelope of the donor. We argue that this transition marks the precursor-to-outburst transition observed in stellar coalescence transients.
Tracing the Origin of Moving Groups. I. The γ Leo Moving Group with High-resolution Spectra from the Subaru Telescope
Authors: Liang X. L. , Zhao J. K. , Zhao G. , Aoki W. , Ishigaki M. N. , Matsuno T. , Chen Y. Q. , Kong X. M. , Shi J. R. , Xing Q. F.
Published: August 2018

We present chemical abundances of 15 stars in the γ Leo moving group based on high-resolution spectra with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph. The sample was picked up by applying wavelet transform to UVW velocity components of stars in the solar neighborhood. Both photometric and spectroscopic method have been used to determine the stellar parameters of stars. Abundances of 11 elements including Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Y, and Ba are measured. Our results show that the member stars display a wide metallicity distribution with abundance ratios similar to Milky Way disk stars. We presume that the γ Leo moving group originated from dynamical effects that are probably related to the Galactic spiral arms.
Highest Frequency Detection of FRB 121102 at 4–8 GHz Using the Breakthrough Listen Digital Backend at the Green Bank Telescope
Authors: Gajjar V. , Siemion A. P. V. , Price D. C. , Law C. J. , Michilli D. , Hessels J. W. T. , Chatterjee S. , Archibald A. M. , Bower G. C. , Brinkman C. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Cordes J. M. , Croft S. , Enriquez J. Emilio , Foster G. , Gizani N. , Hellbourg G. , Isaacson H. , Kaspi V. M. , Lazio T. J. W. , Lebofsky M. , Lynch R. S. , MacMahon D. , McLaughlin M. A. , Ransom S. M. , Scholz P. , Seymour A. , Spitler L. G. , Tendulkar S. P. , Werthimer D. , Zhang Y. G.
Published: August 2018

We report the first detections of the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 121102 above 5.2 GHz. Observations were performed using the 4–8 GHz receiver of the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope with the Breakthrough Listen digital backend. We present the spectral, temporal, and polarization properties of 21 bursts detected within the first 60 minutes of a total of 6 hr of observations. These observations comprise the highest burst density yet reported in the literature, with 18 bursts being detected in the first 30 minutes. A few bursts clearly show temporal sub-structure with distinct spectral properties. These sub-structures superimpose to provide an enhanced peak signal-to-noise ratio at higher trial dispersion measures. Broad features occur in ∼1 GHz wide subbands that typically differ in peak frequency between bursts within the band. Finer-scale structures (∼10–50 MHz) within these bursts are consistent with the structure expected from Galactic diffractive interstellar scintillation. The bursts exhibit nearly 100% linear polarization, and a large average rotation measure of 9.359 ± 0.012 × 104 rad m−2 (in the observer’s frame). No circular polarization was found for any burst. We measure an approximately constant polarization position angle in the 13 brightest bursts. The peak flux densities of the reported bursts have average values (0.2 ± 0.1 Jy) similar to those seen at lower frequencies (<3 GHz), while the average burst widths (0.64 ± 0.46 ms) are relatively narrower.
Large-scale Control of Kinetic Dissipation in the Solar Wind
Authors: Vech Daniel , Klein Kristopher G. , Kasper Justin C.
Published: August 2018

In this Letter, we study the connection between the large-scale dynamics of the turbulence cascade and particle heating on kinetic scales. We find that the inertial range turbulence amplitude (

measured in the range of 0.01–0.1 Hz) is a simple and effective proxy to identify the onset of significant ion heating, and when it is combined with

, it characterizes the energy partitioning between protons and electrons (T

p
/T

e
); proton temperature anisotropy (

); and scalar proton temperature (T

p
) in a way that is consistent with previous predictions. For a fixed δB

i
, the ratio of linear to nonlinear timescales is strongly correlated with the scalar proton temperature in agreement with Matthaeus et al., though for solar wind intervals with

, some discrepancies are found. For a fixed

, an increase of the turbulence amplitude leads to higher T

p
/T

e
ratios, which is consistent with the models of Chandran et al. and Wu et al. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of plasma turbulence.
Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Song Zhi-Shun , Malenovský Igor , Chen Jian-Qin , Deckert Jürgen , Liang Ai-Ping
Published: August 2018

The Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genusOrthopagusUhler, 1897 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharinae, Orthopagini) is revised. Six species are included:O.bartlettiSong, Malenovský & Deckert,sp. n.(described from India),O.exoletus(Melichar, 1903),comb. n.,stat. rev.(material studied from India and Sri Lanka),O.hainanensisSong, Chen & Liang,sp. n.(described from China: Hainan island),O.lunuliferUhler, 1897 (the type species of the genus; confirmed from Japan, China, Vietnam, Laos, India, and Nepal),O.philippinusMelichar, 1914 (Philippines), andO.splendens(Germar, 1830) (confirmed from China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia).OrthopagusheliosMelichar, 1912 is newly synonymized withO.lunulifer. Lectotypes are designated forO.helios, O.heliosvar.diffusus Melichar, 1912,O.elegansMelichar, 1912, andO.philippinus.DictyopharaindianaWalker, 1851 is considered a nomen dubium. All species are redescribed, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Female genitalia are described for the genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species ofOrthopagusand a distribution map are given.
Critical review of fossil record of Ranina Lamarck, 1801 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Raninidae), with description of Tethyranina n. gen.
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Garassino Alessandro
Published: August 2018

Pasini and Garassino (2017a) revised the fossil record referred to Ranina Lamarck, 1801 by Karasawa et al. (2014). As result only four species were considered as possible valid species within Ranina: R. palmea E. Sismonda, 1846, R. pellattieroi De Angeli and Beschin, 2011, R. propinqua Ristori, 1891, and R. ranina (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are herein revised and discussed, based on updated observations and critical review of the fossil materials and on a re-definition of the main diagnostic proxy characters sensu Schweitzer (2003) of the type species R. ranina (Linnaeus, 1758). This review allows us to establish that R. ranina from the middle Pleistocene of Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and R. palmea from the middle Miocene of Italy have consistent proxy characters with the extant Ranina to be considered as valid species within the genus. Moreover, Tethyranina n. gen., with T. propinqua (Ristori, 1891) n. comb., is herein proposed to accommodate this questionable fossil species previously assigned to Ranina. Finally R. pellattieroi De Angeli and Beschin, 2011, lacking the typical characters of Ranina, is considered as a doubtful species within Ranininae.
Mitigating the South African retirement-income shortfall crisis
Authors: Pask Adriaan E. , Marx Johan
Published: August 2018

Orientation: National Treasury acknowledges that 90% of all South African retirees will not have adequate financial resources in order to sustain themselves.Research purpose: This study aimed to address the retirement income shortfall by assessing possible changes to prudential retirement fund regulations.Motivation: Asset allocation plays a pivotal role in achieving the required rate of return of any portfolio. However, the restrictions on asset allocation imposed by article 28 of the Pension Funds Act of 1956 limits pension funds’ ability to achieve adequate returns.Research approach: A survey was conducted among chief investment officers (CIO) of the top 25 South African investment management companies.Main findings: The study proposes changes to the Income Tax Act, the Collective Investment Scheme Control Act and Regulation 28 of the Pension Funds Act.Managerial implications: The proposed framework should result in fewer pensioners becoming dependent on the state for their pension and empower pensioners to have greater amounts of post-retirement savings.Contribution: The contribution of this article is the proposed changes to the regulatory framework, which could – ceteris paribus: (1) Enable SA retirement fund investors to contribute to the retirement wealth pool in an unconstrained manner. (2) Enable SA retirement fund assets to increase investment returns by as much as 1.21% per annum. (3) Increase the average SA GRRs from the current projected 10.0% to 10.7% by 2045. (4) Increase the efficacy of the existing tax incentives. (5) Reduce spending requirements for grants in the national budget.
Lipschitz stratifications in power-bounded $o$-minimal fields
Authors: Halupczok Immanuel , Yin Yimu
Published: August 2018

We propose to grok Lipschitz stratifications from a non-archimedean point of view and thereby show that they exist for closed definable sets in any power-bounded

o

-minimal structure on a real closed field. Unlike the previous approaches in the literature, our method bypasses resolution of singularities andWeierstraß preparation altogether; it transfers the situation to a non-archimedean model, where the quantitative estimates appearing in Lipschitz stratifications are sharpened into valuation-theoretic inequalities. Applied to a uniform family of sets, this approach automatically yields a family of stratifications which satisfy the Lipschitz conditions in a uniform way.
The porous medium equation with measure data on negatively curved Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Grillo Gabriele , Muratori Matteo , Punzo Fabio
Published: August 2018

We investigate existence and uniqueness of weak solutions of the Cauchy problem for the porous medium equation on negatively curved Riemannian manifolds. We show existence of solutions taking as initial condition a finite Radon measure, not necessarily positive.We then establish uniqueness in the class of nonnegative solutions, under a quadratic lower bound on the Ricci curvature. On the other hand, we prove that any weak solution of the porous medium equation necessarily takes on as initial datum a finite Radon measure. In addition, we obtain some results in potential analysis on manifolds, concerning the validity of a modified version of the mean-value inequality for superharmonic functions, and properties of potentials of positive Radon measures. Those results are new and of independent interest, and are crucial for our approach.
Justicia y honradez del Gobierno de Sancho Panz
Authors: Osterc Ludovik
Published: August 2018

La situación y el momento histórico que le tocó vivir a Cervantes, se caracterizaban por una grave crisis económica, social, politica y moral. Fue la época de Felipe II y su hijo, Felipe Ill, época del auge y la decadencia del imperio  español. Sobre todo, bajo el cetro del segundo de los dos reyes la Hacienda estaba agotada, las areas del erario vacías, la industria y el comercio agonizaban, el Estado andeudado y perdido el crédito. La agricultura estaba arruinada. Una exigua minoría, integrada por la nobleza con el rey a la cabeza, y el alto clero, poseía prácticamenta toda la tierra nacional, bañadose en un lujo indescriptible, en tanto que la mayoría del pueblo estaba sumida en la más pavorosa miseria. La sociedad españiola formaba una pirámide parasitaria, donde por el sistema de rentas sobre los empréstitos públicos y privados, un solo labrador debía alimentar a treinta productores.
The possibilities of verse translation: the reception of American poetry in Slovenia between the two wars
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: August 2018

Contemporary American poetry was more or less terra incognita in Slovenia throughout the first half of the 20th century. The thesis question, then, is why are there so few translations of American poetry into Slovene in the discussed period between the two world wars? Although this subject has not been treated in detail, the best critica1 reference is to be found in the study »American Poetry in Slovene Translations« by Mirko Jurak, Janez Stanonik's research of American-Slovene relations, and Velemir Gjurin's work on Griša Koritnik, one of the foremost verse translators of the period, and his translation of E. A. Poe's poem »The Raven«.
La cultura de Cervantes
Authors: Osterc Ludovik
Published: August 2018

La cultura de Cervantes ha constituido un tema de apasionante controversia entre quienes se han ocupado de su vida y de su obra. Unos la niegan y otros se la reconocen. Los primeros se agrupan en torno a los enfoques conservadores, y los segundos reflejan puntos de vista progresistas. Dentro de estas dos corrientes existen distintos matices que van desde los moderados basta los extremistas.
Las dos doncellas: padres e hijos
Authors: Zimic Stanislav
Published: August 2018

Los juicios críticos acerca de esta novela corta cervantina son preponderantemente negativos: »imperfecta«; »mediocre, convencional y artificiosa«; »Una de las más endebles de la colección«;  »nearest to failure«; »escrita sin mucha gana«; bajo la influencia de la novelística italiana, »contra la voluntad y el dicho de Cervantes«, con »el  simple propósito de orden editorial y secundario de añadir una novela más a las que ya tenía escritas, para poder llegar a la docena proyectada … novela de relleno«, etc., etc. Raras veces se concede - y aun entonces más bien por indulgencia hacia el Príncipe de los Ingenios - que Las dos doncellas tiene algún atractivo literario: »como novela no pasa de un discreto artificio idealista, inocente, pálido, aunque habil en el relato a la italiana«; »the subject-matter of this novela is not particularly interesting«, aunque »the story is well constructed and presented«.
Letters of Marcus Antonius Kappus from colonial America IV
Authors: Stanonik Janez
Published: August 2018

The letter of Marcus Antonius Kappus which we publish in our present the fourth - continuation of his letters from Colonial America, is not preserved - as the first three letters are - in a manuscript. Instead we find it published in the famous contemporary collection of Jesuitic letters which appeared from 1728 till 1758 under the editorship of Joseph Stöcklein and his successors in Augsburg and Graz under the title Der neue Welt-Bott mit Allerhand Nachrichten derer Missionariorum Soc. Jesu. Kappus' letter can be found in vol. I, part II, p. 86-88 under the number 56. It has never since 1728 been reprinted in German, neither has it ever been published in an English translation. Our reprint of the German text is justified because Stöcklein's collection is generally not available even in the largest libraries, especially in America. An English translation can be useful because of the difficulties the old form of its German with its localisms can cause to its readers.
From Albion's shore: Lord Byron' poetry in Slovene translations until 1945
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: August 2018

The publication in 1830 of the early poems of the doyen of Slovene poetry - Dr France Prešeren  in Kranjska čbelica (The Carniola Bee) - marks the beginning of Slovene Romanticism, which ends in 1848, -with the last of his poems published in the fifth volume of the same literary magazine. The period from 1830 to the »revolutionary« year of 1848 is thus committed to Romanticism as the leading movement of Slovene literature, artfully embodied in Prešeren's fine lyrical poetry that aimed at and considerably contributed to national unification and identification, as well as in the Europe-oriented literary criticism of Matija čop.  Comparing the trends of the English and Slovene Romantic Revival, we can readily establish that the emergence of Romantic tenets expressed in poetry was somewhat late on Slovene ground. In England, of course, the crucial years are1789, when Lyrical Ballads were published by Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the year 1832, which marks the death of Sir Walter Scott.
The original and its translation from the reader's perspective
Authors: Grosman Meta
Published: August 2018

To claim that the readers' experience of a literary work in translation is different from their experience of the original at first seems very paradoxical and even heretical. Such a statement is so unexpected simply because we always think of the original and its translation as being the same literary work without paying any attention to their different concre­ tizations on the part of their readers due to textual differences. This tacit assumption of their sameness seems totally unaffected by the fact that we never think of the original and its translation as representing the same text; on the contrary, we always take it for granted that they are two different texts in two different languages. The differences between the two texts and the differentness of the translation are never lost sight of in the discussion of the qualities and adequacy of the translation. When it comes to criticizing the literary work or teaching it, however, the translation is tacitly assumed to be identical with the original and approached as if it were the original, with little or no critical awareness of the fundamental textual and other possible differences. This critical and pedagogical approach to literary translation seems to be almost immune to the growing awareness of the importance of the textual elements, to an increasing body of research concerning their impact on the reader, and to the ample evidence about various inadequacies of literary translations, revealed especially by the processes of retranslation and thus visible in all works that exist in several translations. This approach also takes little if any notice of the overall tendency of the translation to assimilate the original to the receptor culture, to simplify and sometimes also to reduce the original.
The editing of Louis Adamic's book The Eagle and the Roots
Authors: Žitnik Serafin Janja
Published: August 2018

The Eagle and the Roots is Louis Adamic's last book and, in his own opinion, his most important one. The printed version of that work is an expurgated version of the author's typescript which is preserved in several incomplete copies, kept in various public and private archives in Yugoslavia and in the United States. The work was written on the basis of the author's personal impressions during his second visit to his native land in 1949. The published version of The Eagle and the Roots discusses the political and economic conditions in Yugoslavia in 1949, the moods of the Yugoslav people, their top politicians and intellectuals at the time of the first five-year plan (Book One), including a biography of Josip Broz Tito until 1945 with an outline of the most important events in the country before and during World War II (Book Two). In various passages scattered in both books, it describes the selfsacrifice and the resistance of the Yugoslav people during the Liberation War. An important subject is the dissention between Tito and Stalin which had its germs in the prewar period. The author follows its development through the war and during the first years after the liberation until the Cominform resolution in June 1948.
Il tema del diverso in una letteratura di frontiera
Authors: Rakar Atilij
Published: August 2018

Volendo volgere subito l'attenzione ad un'area culturale geograficamente e storicamente determinata, per essere in grado di mostrare su testi precisi dove e come si manifesta la tematizzazione del diverso nella cultura letteraria di un ambiente a caratteri specifici, definibile come letteratura di frontiera, nell'ambito delle lettere italiane difficilmente troveremmo opere che più si prestino a tale definizione di queUe che nell'ambito delle lettere italiane offre la letteratura triestina. E basta restare ad autori come uno Svevo, un Saba e uno Slataper che ne sono i rappresentanti più vistosi, per cogliere anche quelli che sono i caratteri più tipici della cultura letteraria che va maturando a Trieste a partire dalla fine dell'Ottocento per prendere presto coscienza di sé e presentarsi come letteratura di frontiera anche neUe dichiarazioni pro­ grammatiche in cui si definisce.
The old man and Slovenia: Hemingway studies in the slovenian cultural context
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: August 2018

The name of Ernest Hemingway was first mentioned in Slovenian literary criticism by the writer and critic Tone Seliškar in 1933. Soon afterwards, Griša Koritnik, the foremost translator of English and American literatures in the period between the two wars, in his article »The Great War in the English Novel« described the protagonist of the novel A Farewell to Arms (1929) somewhat enigmatically as »the symbol of the old generation«. In a short survey of contemporary American literature, which Anton Debeljak in 1939 freely adapted from the article previously published by J. Wood Krutch in The Times,  Hemingway was grouped together with the Nobel Prize winner Pearl S. Buck and novelist Erskine Caldwell, which is to say with the giants of the then mainstream American fiction. However, it is curious that a Slovenian reader should already from this article have learned how Hemingway, the author of »powerful stories«, had recently become monotonous, which was before he even had a fair chance to get acquainted with any of his works translated into Slovenian.
Blickwechsel: Christa Wolf und Ingeborg Bachmann: drei Begegnungen
Authors: Schumann Klaus
Published: August 2018

Es ist gewißt nicht ungewöhnlich, daß sich Schriftsteller immer wieder des Lebens und des Werkes anderer Autoren annehmen: sei es um der kritischen Lektüre willen (wie der gleichnamige Sammelband von Stephan Hermlin belegt), sei es, um vergessene Autoren vergangener Jahrhunderte durch Editionen neu zu erschließen (hier ware der von de Bruyn und Gerhard Wolf herausgegebene »Märkische Dichtergarten« zu nennen), sei es, um im Auftrage eines Verlages das Buch eines anderen Autors mit einem Vor- oder Nachwort zu begleiten. Texte dieser Art finden sich mühelos auch in den Essaybänden von Christa Wolf. Erstaunlich ist dabei ebenfalls nicht, daß es in auffallender Weise Schriftstellerkolleginnen sind, denen sie auf diese oder jene Weise dienstbar gewesen ist, ganz gleich, ob es sich darum handelte, das Bild der Günderrode und ihrer Zeit zu zeichnen, das Werk einer be­ breundeten Autorin - Anna Seghers - ins rechte Licht zu rücken, eine Lanze für ein thematisch neuartiges Buch wie das von Maxie Wander (Guten Morgen du Schöne), zu brechen oder im Gespräch mit Elke Erp Lese­ hilfe für das Publikum zu geben. Da es sich bei all diesen Arbeiten nicht um lästige Pflichtübungen handelt, sondern immer auch die Verfasserin dieser Prosaarbeiten mit im Spiel ist, geben diese Texte - in einem Fall mehr, im anderen weniger - auch über Christa Wolf selbst in der ein oder anderen Weise Auskunft. Das gilt wohl in besonderem Maße für jene, die sich auf Ingeborg Bachmann beziehen, deren Präsenz im Werk Christa Wolfs auf eine Affinität besonderer Art schließen läßt.
Einige Aspekte der Mataphorik im Roman "Die letzte Welt" von Christoph Ransmayr
Authors: Gorše Dušan
Published: August 2018

Alles begann irgendwann in der Mitte der achtziger Jahre, als Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Erfinder und  Herausgeber der  »Anderen Bibliothek«, den jungen Schriftsteller Christoph Ransmayr gebeten hatte, die berühmten Metamorphosen von Ovid zu bearbeiten, so daß dieses klassische Werk der Antike wieder belebt wäre. Ransmayr war damals mit seinem Erstling Die Schrecken des Eisens und der Finsternis ein unbekannter Autor, den aber jetzt Die letzte Welt zum Kultautor gemacht hat. Er mußte bald einsehen, daß er mit einer Nachdichtung nicht weiterkam, und so traf er die Entscheidung, einen eigenen Metamorphosenroman zu schreiben, in dem der ehemalige Dichter Ovid selber zu einem, zwar abwesenden, Protagonist gemacht wurde.
Il mondo sloveno nell'opera di Ippolito Nievo
Authors: Pirjevec Marija
Published: August 2018

L'interesse per il mondo slavo, per la sua cultura, letteratura, soprattutto quella popolare, per la sua storia e il folclore, fa parte integrante della curiosita intellettuale dell'epoca preromantica e di quella romantica. Già Herder nel suo libro Ideen  zur  Philosophie der  Geschichte der  Menschheit sottolineò l'importanza e il ruolo degli Slavi, chiamati per la loro indole pacifica e mansueta ad interpretare le fondamentali esigenze dell' epoca nuova: quelle della fraterna collaborazione tra i popoli. Il periodo in cui Niewo nacque e crebbe nella consapevolezza sempre  più vigile della necessità d'impegno politico e civille, l'Europa andava scoprendo il ricco partimonio poetico e folcloristico de li Slavi, che era di vitale  importanza per l'ulteriore sviluppo delle loro attività letteraria.
Il postmoderno nella narrativa Italiana degli anni ottanta : (Quali linguaggi?)
Authors: Juri Franco
Published: August 2018

È lecito parlare di una narrativa italiana postmoderna? E se lo è, quali sono gli aspetti che la identitficano e le danno diritto di stanzialità nell'arte scritta degli anni '80? La questione non è di facile penetrazione, visto che - a differenza dei generi e dei modi. riconducibili a cornici di facile sistemazione stilistico-temporale - il ˝postmoderno˝ in letteratura rimane soprattutto un'ipotesi in gestazione, destinata farse a restare solo fluida ed estemporanea sperimentazione; una risposta ludica alla crisi che fa da sfondo alla produzione letteraria, e più in genere culturale, deli anni '80, nonché al disfacimento di molti valori morali, etici ed estetici ereditati dalla decade dei '70.
The Islamic connotation in the Gematric pen-names of Franqois Rabelais
Authors: Kurent Tine
Published: August 2018

François Rabelais signed his books on Gargantua et Pantagruel with pen­ names. The gematric value of his pseudonyms, NASIER, M. ALCOFRIBAS, and ALCOFRIBAS NASIER, are 66, 99 and 152, respectively.With numbers 66 and 99, Rabelais identified himself as the Apocalyptic beast, according to the report by St, John the Divine: And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had horns like a lamb. The ram's and buck's horns are indeed similar to the Indian figures 66 and 99.
El personaje del escritor en dos novelas de Antonio Azorín: El escritor, Y doña Inés
Authors: Szmetan Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Hoy en día, estamos en mejores condiciones para valorar en su justo valor las innovaciones estilísticas que la novela del siglo XX está creando en relación a la novela del siglo pasado; y eso lo vemos nitidamente cuando estudiamos varias de las novelas  de Azorín, un escritor un poco olvidado en  la actualidad, pese a los importantes aportes que ha  dejado. Tiempo ha pasado desde cuando Ortega y Gasset se quejaba de la decadencia de la novela. Exagerando afirmaba que: »Es prácticamente imposible hallar nuevos temas«, y que el público »necesitaba temas de mayor calidad, mas insólitos, mas nuevos« (31). Si pensamos que Ortega escribía esto en 1925, y si bien se refería a la literatura europea en general, podemos inferir que la herencia española del siglo XIX tampoco lo entusiasmaba demasiado. En ese sentido, Azorín no lo hubiera decepcionado, ya que  éste siempre buscaba temas  nuevos y diferentes formas de expresar su pensamiento. Al tratar Azorin los problemas de la creación artistica que aquejan al escritor, en obras como El  Escritor y Doña Inés, iba él en el camino pedido por Ortega en el polémico, pero lúcido artículo anteriormente citado.
Ein geistesgegenwärtiger Zeitgenosse am Ende der Zeiten : Sichtverengung und Blickstreuung in Christoph Heins längeren Prosatexten
Authors: Šlibar Neva , Volk Rosanda
Published: August 2018

»Ich empfinde den Beruf  eines Schriftstellres als den eines Berichterstatters, eines Chronisten. Ich bin ein Schreiber von Chroniken, mit literarischen Mitteln natürlich [...]«  (A, 203). Dieses  Selbstverständnis Christoph Heins, geäußert in einem lnterview für das Neue   Deutschland vom 2./3. 12. 1989, enthalt mehr als das Bekenntnis zum Historischen, zum Schreiben »über mich und meine Welt« (ebda.) als Leitthemen seines Iiterarischen Wirkens. Es ist eine Poetik in nuce. Im Gegensatz zum Historiker lebt der Chronist nämlich aus der Zeitgenossenschaft mit dem erzählten Geschehen, er befindet sich nach A. C. Danto folglich logisch in derselben Ordnung der Ereignisse, die er beschreibt• Es fehlt·ihm die restrospektiv wertende Sicht des Historikers, in Heins Worten: »Der Berichterstatter hat eigentlich nur etwas mitzuteilen und muß  sich weitgehend der moralischen Wertung enthalten« (ebda.). Diese reduktionistische Postion bestimmt Heins Realismuskonzept, das keinen Anspruch auf epische  Breite, Auktorialität und Beherrschbarkeit stellt, sowie keine konkreten Utopievorstellungen präsentiert. Weiters bestimmt sie die dominierende Bedeutung des Blickpunkts für die Wirklichkeitskonstruktion von Heins Welten, die Identitätsbildung seiner Figuren sowie die enggeführte Erzählhaltung (O, 157). Ablesbar ist sie gleichfalls an einer Motivik, die traditionellerweise Sichtverengung und Selbstbezogenheit zum Ausdruck bringt: Spiegel und blinde Scheiben, Fotoapparate und Kameras, Fotografieren und Sich-Spiegeln signalisieren vom Film inspirierte Schreibverfahren. Dieser (selbst)beschränkenden Position gilt es hier nachzugehen; ausgeklammert werden demnach bewußt aktuell geschichtliche und regional beschränkte, d. h. auf die DDR-eingegrenzte politische Interpretationsmöglichkeiten.
La tendenciosidad de la crítica Cervantina conservaroda en torno al capítulo de los galeotes : (El Quijote, I, 22)
Authors: Osterc Ludovik
Published: August 2018

Desde que la primitiva sociedad humana se dividió en grupos y clases antagónicos, la justicia se ha vuelto el problema central de la misma y la condición principal de la paz y la convivencia entre los hombres. Por ello, no es casual el que figure como uno de los primordiales objetivos que persigue don Quijote en su lucha por restablecer el bien en la tierra, y la aventura de los galeotes que trata de ella, uno de los episodios de mayor trascendencia. Es por ello, también, que la liberación de los galeotes por parte de don Quijote, se ha constituido en uno de los temas más discutidos por los cervantistas que se escindieron en dos grupos opuestos: el tradicional o conservador, y el liberal o progresista, con distintos matices y variantes de sus  respectivos puntos de vista.
Die Gematrie von Dürers "Melancholie"
Authors: Kurent Tine
Published: August 2018

Im Kupferstich von Dürers »Melancholie«, Kat. Nr. 270, ist das magische Quadrat mi1t der Schlüsselzahl 34 abgeblildet. Die letzte Quadratsreihe stellt gematrisch das Entstehungsjahr, den Namen des Künstlers und das Thema der Grafik dar.
El suicido de Grisóstomo
Authors: Zimic Stanislav
Published: August 2018

El episodio amoroso de Grisóstomo y Marcela del Quijote (P Parte, capitulos XII-XIV) ha inspirado ya muchas interpretaciones, algunas muy interesantes, otras desvariadas, a veces tan acaloradamente opuestas que ban herido vanidades académicas y provocado insultos, humillaciones personates y hasta pundonorosos alardes de nobleza de linaje y de ortodoxia católica. Indudablemente, en el episodio hay problemas controversiales, delicados y formulados de modo muy sutil, lo que se traduce en un texto muy complejo aun para el lector mejor preparado.
The melancholy according to Aristotle in the magic square on Duerer's Melencolia I
Authors: Kurent Tine
Published: August 2018

In the numbers of Duerer's Melancolia  magic square is hidden the Aristotle's wonder: "How come, that all the people, excelling in philosophy or in politics or in poetry or in arts, are evidently melancholical..."
Spiegel-Völker : das Bild der Juden, Indianer und Slowenen als utopische Chiffre im Werk Peter Handkes
Authors: Wallas Armin A.
Published: August 2018

Im Prozeß der Sprach-Arbeit, die Peter Handke in seinen Texten beschreibbar zu machen versucht, indem die Aufmerksamkeit des Lesers auf Verborgenes, Unscheinbares, Übersehenes gelenkt und gleichsam ein Zeichen-System der aus ihrer Banalität entrückten Alltagsgegenstande konstruiert wird, unternimmt der Erzähler immer wieder neue Anläufe zu einer Umgrenzung seines historischen Standortes. Im folgenden soll versucht werden, eine Annäherung an Handkes Begriff des 'Volkes' zu finden, der in der Ambivalenz zwischen Bewältigungsversuchen seiner eigenen Herkunft aus einem 'Volk der Täter' und dem Wunsch nach der Konstruktion und zumindest imaginativen Identifikation mit Gegen-Völkern (Juden, Indianern, Slowenen), die ihm gleichbedeutend mit einer Überwindung der Herrschafts- und Gewalt-Geschichte erscheint, steht.
Rutebeuf entre le temps de l'église et le temps du marchand
Authors: Pintarič Miha
Published: August 2018

La poésie de Rutebeuf, comme l' observe M. Zink, est une poésie religieuse, vu que l préoccupation du salut y est omnipresénte. Elle est religieuse à une époque qui donne de nouveaux contenus aux anciennes valeurs, ouvrant de nouvelles voies qui peuvent mener au salut spirituel qui reste le but suprême de la vie humaine. Une idée des plus importantes, en ce qui concerne ce changement, c'est l'idée de travail.
The polyhedron on Duerer's "Melencolia I"
Authors: Kurent Tine
Published: August 2018

The polyhedron with triangular and pentagonal faces on the Duerer's "MELENCOLIA I" engraving is said to be a cube with two opposite corners cut off.  A cube has 6 faces, 12 sides and 8 corners. A cube with two truncated tips has 8 faces, 18 sides and 12 corners. In the above numbers, the prime factors 2 and 3 are implied. The numbers 2 and 3 are symbols for human beings, male and female.  The solid is a symbol for humanity. Men and women can be affected with melancholy.
El episodio del pastorcillo Adrés y sus comentadores : (Q.,I,4 y 31)
Authors: Osterc Ludovik
Published: August 2018

Los siglos XVI y XVII representan para Ios historiadores españoles tradicionales un período de esplendor económico, político y militar de la monarquía absolutista. Según los investigadores progresistas, en cambio, la época de los Felipes II y Ill constituye una aguda crisis social, económica, moral y religiosa de la sociedad feudal española. Cervantes sintió en carne propia la decadencia material y moral de su patria.
Slovene poetry in English : challenges and problems
Authors: Ožbalt Irma M.
Published: August 2018

Perusing slim, often bilingual editions of Slovene poetry in English, published on both sides of the ocean between 1954 and 1993, one inevitably has to ask: who are these elegant books for, who will read them? Editors and translators seem to have anticipated this question, and some of them define the purpose of their endeavour in longer or shorter introductions to their selections and/or anthologies. The editors of the selection from Prešeren's poetry in 1954 clearly state:" ...until now only a few isolated poems by (Prešeren) have been accessible in English. Consequently, a publication of this kind may help to fill a distinct gap for lovers of poetry and for students of literature in general," thus defining their target audience as two distinct groups of readers: those who read poetry for nothing else but pleasure, and the scholars who would study Slovene poetry and assess it in the context of world literatures.
Die Stadt in der höfischen Dichtung
Authors: Janko Anton
Published: August 2018

Es gibt viele Städte, die in der höfischen Dichtung Erwähnung finden. Teilweise sind es alte Namen aus der Antike, die geographisch etwas ungenau geortet sind, teilweise fiktive Städtenamen, nach denen man in der mittelalterlichen Geographie vergebens sucht (z.B. Patelamunt, das mit dem Appelativ burc versehen wird) (Parzival 17, 4 ). Die Fiktivität dieser Ortsnamen selbst stört nicht, entmutigend ist nur, daß sie nicht beschrieben werden. Mein Interesse gait der geschichtlichen Relevanz und dem konkreten Realitätsbezug der erwähnten Städte zur Zeit der Entstehung dieser Dichtungen. Das Resultat war eher dürftig; konsequenterweise mußte ich mir die Frage nach den Ursachen dieses Befunds stellen. Die Antwort darauf fordert zur Suche nach der zeitgeschichtlichen Wirklichkeit auf- so fragwüridg dieses Unterfangen auch sein mag - über die mittelalterlichen Städte, das Rittertum und das Verhältnis zwischen den beiden.
Don Quijote y los rebuznadores
Authors: Zimic Stanislav
Published: August 2018

Para la aventura del rebuzno,  que se considera generalmente como "cuento folclórico, se han señalado varias posibles fuentes, nacionales y extranjeras, antiguas y modernas, protagonizadas por un asno - símbolo universal y sempiterno de la estupidez y la ignorancia (pace Platero) - que, de un modo u otro, es la causa de cómicas, ridículas, absurdas o festivas rivalidades, contiendas, pendencias, guerras ... También se han sugerido como antecedentes ciertos sucesos supuestamente históricos que coinciden, al menos en algunos detalles, con el episodio cervantino, pero predomina la convicción de que éste, como todos sus antecedentes, son, en definitiva, sólo "consejas" populares, productos ficticios de la fantasía, sin base concreta, reconocible en la realidad: "From the realistic point of view the episode [ el cervantino] is ... inherently improbable".
Letters of Marcus Antonius Kappus from colonial America VI
Authors: Stanonik Janez
Published: August 2018

This is the sixth - and also the last - in the present series of letters which Marcus Antonius Kappus ( 1657 - 1717, since 1687 Jesuitic missionary in the colonial Sonora) had sent to his relatives and acquaintances in Slovenia that have been preserved to the present day. Of the five letters which we have published so far, two were written in Latin and three in German; four of these letters we have published from manuscripts preserved in Ljubljana archives, and one (letter IV) from Der neue Welt-Bott - a well known German compilation of letters sent by Jesuitic missionaries from various parts of the world- which in the period from 1726 till 1761 appeared periodically in press in Augsburg, Graz, and Vienna.