bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai Tambah dan Sikap Konsumen Produk Brownies Berbahan Baku Tepung Ubi Kayu Tinggi Protein
Authors: Fitri Annisa
Published: August 2021

Penambahan nilai pada produk tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein menjadi brownies menunjukkan potensi dari suatu produk untuk dikembangkan. Produsen brownies dengan bahan baku tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein harus berorientasi kepada kepentingan konsumen, yaitu produk yang diinginkan konsumen. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk melakukan analisis nilai tambah dari tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein dalam pembuatan brownies dan menganalisis sikap konsumen terhadap produk brownies dengan bahan baku tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein. Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross section dari pelaku usaha brownies tepung ubi kayu dan 25 konsumen. Metode analisis nilai tambah yang digunakan yaitu metode Hayami dan analisis fishbein digunakan untuk analisis sifat konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tambah brownies menggunakan tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein yaitu sebanyak Rp.29.356/ kg yaitu rasio nilai tambah sebesar 49.92 kategori tinggi. Sikap konsumen secara keseluruhan positif untuk brownies tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein dan atribut yang menjadi pertimbangan pembelian brownies tepung ubi kayu tinggi protein yaitu rasa dan harga.
Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Keberlanjutan Usahatani Alpukat (Persea americana)
Authors: Muhlisin Muhlisin
Published: August 2021

Keberlanjutan usahatani komoditas buah Alpukat di Indonesia perlu diperhatikan, Hal itu dikarenakan alpukat memiliki potensi pasar yang besar di Indonesia. Keberlanjutan usahatani tersebut salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, dimana faktor lingkungan ini terdiri dari beberapa indikator. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan dalam mempengaruhi keberlanjutan usahatani alpukat. Metode penentuan sampel petani menggunakan stratified random sampling dan didapat 125 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (Path analysis) dengan software AMOS 24.0. Hasil analisis jalur didapatkan bahwa faktor lingkungan berpengaruh langsung terhadap keberlanjutan dengan koefisien regresi terstandar 0,290. Pembentuk variabel faktor lingkungan terdiri dari lima indikator, meliputi penyiangan rumput dan pembersihan sampah, pemangkasan ranting, pemberian insektisida, pemberian pupuk, dan pemanenan. Nilai koefisien didapat dari indikator pemberian pupuk (x11 = 0,990); pemberian insektisida (x12= 1,050), pemangkasan ranting (x13=1,080), penyiangan rumput dan pembersihan sampah (x14= 1,050), serta pemanenan (x15 = 1,000). Berdasar data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua indikator pembentuk variabel lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan usahatani alpukat.
Pengembangan Pola Kemitraan dalam Menunjang Saluran Distribusi Beras di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Authors: Mursalat Aksal
Published: August 2021

Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang merupakan salah satu penyedia beras di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dalam menunjang kemandirian pangan di Indonesia. Namun, terdapat beberapa permasalahan terutama dalam saluran distribusi beras di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yakni mekanisme distribusi yang tidak diatur dalam kebijakan daerah sehingga saluran distribusi menjadi lebih panjang yang berpotensi menimbulkan praktik permainan harga antar lembaga pemasaran yang terlibat di dalam saluran distribusi tersebut. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja distribusi produk hasil usahatani yaitu dengan melaksanakan pola kemitraan. Akan tetapi pola kemitraan yang berjalan dalam saluran distribusi beras di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang masih belum optimal karena pola kemitraan yang berjalan selama ini melibatkan lembaga pemasaran dalam jumlah yang tidak sedikit yang mengindikasikan saluran pemasaran sangat tidak efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi pola kemitraan dengan menganalisis faktor lingkungan internal dan eksternal dalam saluran distribusi beras serta merumuskan alternatif strategi pengembangan pola kemitraan dalam kegiatan distribusi beras di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yang berlangsung pada bulan September-Januari. Metode yang dilakukan adalah observasi dan wawancara, kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan bantuan matriks Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) dan External Factor Evaluation (EFE) dilanjutkan dengan analisis matriks SWOT untuk merumuskan dan menetapkan prioritas strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi alternatif dalam pengembangan pola kemitraan dalam menunjang kinerja distribusi beras di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yaitu dengan memperluas akses permodalan petani kepada pihak pemerintah atau swasta, melakukan pola kemitraan dengan lembaga pemasaran e-commerce, membentuk pola kemitraan petani dengan koperasi, dan melakukan pola kemitraan langsung dengan perusahaan besar.
MENGOPTIMALKAN SKEMATA SISWA MENGGUNAKAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA: ANYAMAN DAN TENUNAN MASYARAKAT TTU
Authors: Kofi Maria Dionesia , Nahak Selestina
Published: August 2021

Salah satu inovasi dalam pembelajaran matematika sebagai upaya untuk mengoptimalkan skemata siswa adalah melalui pengembangan LKS menggunakan pendekatan etnomatematika. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan skemata siswa melalui pembelajaran menggunakan LKS yang dikembangkan dengan pendekatan etnomatematika. Pengembangan LKS ini menggunakan model Plomp. Untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan LKS, dilakukan pengumpulan data melalui validasi LKS, observasi guru dan siswa, melakukan tes hasil belajar dan pengisian angket respon siswa. Untuk mengetahui hasil optimalisasi skemata siswa dilakukan pengumpulan data melalui pengisian instrumen ketercapaian skemata siswa berdasarkan hasil penyelesaian LKS. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif-deskriptif. Kevalidan LKS memenuhi kriteria valid sebesar 4,33. Kepraktisan LKS memenuhi kriteria sangat baik dilihat dari Tingkat Kemampuan Guru mengelola pembelajaran sebesar 4,55 dan aktivitas siswa efektif dengan persentase 98,70% sesuai waktu ideal yang ditetapkan. Keefektifan LKS terpenuhi berdasarkan kriteria ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 85,19% dan respon siswa terhadap komponen pembelajaran sangat positif. Rata-rata ketercapaian skemata siswa pada hasil penyelesaian LKS 2 sebesar 3,58 lebih besar dari LKS 1 sebesar 3,00. Penggunaan LKS berbasis etnomatematika ini dapat mengoptimalkan skemata siswa.
Photoelastic research of threedimensional problems of fracture mechanics
Authors: Rudyak Yu. , Pidgurskyi M. , Matvieieva I. , Groza V. , Sіchко V. , Merzliuk V. , Pidgurskyi I.
Published: August 2021

A polarization-optical method for studying three-dimensional problems of fracture mechanics has been developed. The method was tested to determine the values of stress intensity factors (SIF) for surface cracks in thin plates and thin shells. The data of SIF values for surface cracks of different geometry, which are subjected to different loadings, are obtained. The experimentally obtained values of SIF were compared with those calculated analytically. The efficiency of the proposed technique for solving the corresponding problems of engineering practice is shown.
Investigation of the operation of vibration-centrrifugal installation for automobile parts machining
Authors: Lyashuk Oleg , Serilko Leonid , Hevko Ivan , Kondratiuk Olexander , Tsion Oleg , Galan Yuriy
Published: August 2021

The scheme of vibration-centrifugal installation, providing the increase of productivity and efficiency of machine parts vibration treatment is presented in this paper. The influence of the treated environment on the technological vibration treatment process and determination of its optimal parameters is investigated on the basis of mathematical modeling. Graphical dependences of specific kinetic energy on the crank rotational velocity at different values of the fork rotational velocity are presented. Effective ways of technological process parameters optimization and new ways of its development are identified.
Calculation of some turbulent wall currents
Authors: Mamchuk Vitalii , Romaniuk Leonid
Published: August 2021

A mathematical model for the calculation of turbulent boundary layers and wall stream has been developed. The results of calculations are compared with the results of other authors on the compliance of the calculated values with the experimental data. The currents that are formed under the influence of positive pressure gradients and lead to the phenomenon of separation of the turbulent boundary layer are studied.
Fluorine-free superhydrophobic characterized coatings: A mini review
Authors: Sarkar Pramit , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian
Published: August 2021

The scientific fraternity and coating companies have researched and developed coatings with superhydrophobic features for a wide range of applications, varying from automotive, oceanic, pharmaceutical, and thermal and power sectors, over the preceding few years. The self-cleaning features of superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit pronounced dust repelling and lower dust adhesiveness qualities, along with incomparable water repellence for maritime, automotive, and pharmaceutical applications. The advancement of super-hydrophobic surfaces for averting the accrual of impurities on surfaces is an active space of exploration globally. A lesser hysteresis of contact angle leads to drops of water sliding effortlessly on such surfaces. The solid surfaces’ surface energy can be weakened by fixing materials of lesser surface energy on the exterior, which can be performed by the following dual methods; either by fixing materials of reduced surface energy straight onto the exterior of a substrate in the form of a coating of that material, or by fixing materials of less surface energy on the exterior of nano-architectural structures and then dropping the coating of those nanoscale materials on the exterior of the substrate. The generation of nanoscale irregularities on substrates by dropping nanostructure layers on surfaces makes it an attractive option since, usually, nanomaterials have a minimum of one dimension, ranging from 1 - 100 nm. The nanostructures’ sizes unveil exceptional physical and chemical characteristics, principally owing to their greater specific surface area to volume quotient. This review encompasses the non-fluorinated superhydrophobic coatings developed to date.
Fundamental issues in Japan’s management system of coast for preventing beach erosion
Authors: Uda Takaaki
Published: August 2021

When an offshore or port breakwater is constructed on a coast, beach erosion often occurs on nearby beaches of the breakwater due to the wave diffraction effect of the breakwater associated with the formation of a wave-shelter zone, because longshore sand transport is triggered from outside to inside the wave-shelter zone. Similarly, when unidirectional longshore sand transport is blocked by a breakwater, beach erosion will occur downcoast. In these cases, longshore sand movement is the key factor. Another aspect is arisen from the management system of the land near a coast subject to such longshore sand movement. In Japan, the management of coastal land is under the jurisdiction of several agencies. When sand is transported alongshore across 2 management areas, the sand right belongs to the agency administrating the area to which the sand is deposited, and the agency administrating the area from which the sand originated has no right. Thus, this leads to uncoordinated solution to erosion problems, because longshore sand can freely move across the boundaries of coastal management areas. In this study, these issues were studied through real examples. Even though the accuracy of the predictive model of beach changes is increased, implementing fundamental changes of the coastal condition is difficult when this issue is unsolved as it is.
Pengaruh Penerapan PSAK 45 dan Ketepatwaktuan Penyampaian Laporan Keuangan terhadap Akuntabilitas Laporan Keuangan Organisasi Nirlaba
Authors: Putri Olivia Lungit Astari , Ayem Sri
Published: August 2021

Non-profit organizations/institutions need to comply with regulations in managing financial reports. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of using PSAK No. 45 and timely submission of financial reports to accountability for these financial statements. The population used is the Yogyakarta Special Region Social Foundation. Sampling using purposive sampling. This research is quantitative with primary data in the form of questionnaires and multiple linear regression analysis methods to test hypotheses. The results found in this study are the application of PSAK No. 45 partially have a positive and significant impact on the accountability of financial statements, and the timeliness of the submission of financial statements partially has a positive and significant impact on the accountability of financial statements. In addition, the application of PSAK No. 45 and the timely submission of financial reports simultaneously or simultaneously also affects the accountability of financial statements by 43.7%. So, every non-profit organization must apply accounting standards in its financial statements and these financial statements must be submitted in a timely manner to be accountable. This study applies compliance theory to prove the research results and support the authors' ideas.
Potensi Tax Avoidance Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 Oleh Wajib Pajak Perseroan Terbatas
Authors: Wijaya Suparna , Setiawan Aditya
Published: August 2021

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are businesses that have an important role in encouraging the Indonesian economy, so the government provides tax facilities by issuing Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 as has been replaced by Government Regulation No. 23 of 2018. Government Regulation No. 23 of 2018 excludes corporate taxpayers in the form of CV and firms that provide services in connection with independent work, while Limited Liability Companies do not. This study aims to explain the potential for tax avoidance in Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 that can be carried out by Limited Liability Company taxpayers regarding income related to independent work, as well as the impact and solutions of such tax avoidance actions. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that taxpayers who will establish a business entity with the type of business related to independent work, can choose to establish a Limited Liability Company compared to a CV or firm, so that they can use the relatively lower rate of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018. This of course has an impact on reducing tax revenues, so the Directorate General of Taxes needs to minimize the potential for tax avoidance through education, supervision, and regulatory improvements.
KÂDÎ ABDÜLCEBBÂR’DA HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN NÜBÜVVET DELİLLERİ
Authors: ÜNVERDİ Veysi , ÜNVERDİ Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini temellendirme yöntemini ve risâletinin kanıtlarını sistematik şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Usûl-i selâse arasında bulunan nübüvvet ulûhiyyet ve meâd ile birlikte yer alan üç temel mevzudan birisidir. Allah’a imanın ve diğer itikadî esasların kabulü ancak nübüvvet müessesesi ile mümkündür. Günümüzde ateistik akımların peygamber ve din karşıtlığı üzerinde merkezileşmesi nübüvvetin ispatına dair literatürü daha fazla önemli hale getirmiş ve bu konuda yeni çalışmaları gerekli kılmıştır. Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın nübüvvetin ispatı bağlamında ortaya koyduğu deliller, peygambere imanın klasik kanıtlarını görmek açısından mühimdir. O, aklî, haberî ve hissî mûcizelere dayanarak nübüvveti ispat etmeye çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda Kur’an fesâhat ve belagat açısından, içerdiği gaybî haberler ve aklî delillere vurgu yapması yönüyle en önemli nübüvvet delilidir. Haberî mûcizeler de Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini kanıtladığı gibi bu haberlerin yer aldığı Kur’an’ın da hak kitap olduğunu ortaya koyar. Onun, Mu’tezilî kelamcıların çoğunluğundan farklı olarak hissî mûcizeleri risâlet delili olarak ele alması da onu Sünnî düşünceye yaklaştırmıştır.
Pengaruh Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Dan Gaya Pacaran Sehat Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja
Authors: Mansoben Novita , Pangaribuan Sariana
Published: August 2021

Masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang sering terjadi pada remaja adalah perilaku menyimpang dari gaya berpacaran. Informasi tentang Dampak gaya berpacaran terhadap kesehatan reproduksi tidak didapat secara spesifik dari orang tua dan guru. Survei kesehatan reproduksi yang dilakukan badan Kesehatan Keluaraga Berencana Nasional, ditemukan bahwa sekitar 92% remaja yang berpacaran, saling berpegangan tangan, ada 82% yang saling berciuman, dan 63% remaja yang berpacaran tidak malu-malu untuk menyentuh bagian tubuh sensitif pasangan mereka. Mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi remaja dan gaya pacaran sehat terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap remaja di SMA Negeri 2 Kota Sorong. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode experiment dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas II jurusan IPS di SMA Negeri 2 Kota Sorong. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 144 orang dari 4 kelas. Jumlah Sampel penelitian in 89 respodnen, diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada April 2018. Penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi penyuluhan kesehatan dan perbedaan sikap pada kelompok intervensi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi penyuluhan kesehatan hasil uji wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai keduanya mempunyai nilai p=0,000 yang berarti α≤ 0,05. Ada pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap sesudah intervensi penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi remaja tentang gaya pacaran sehat di SMA Negeri 2 Kota Sorong. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bahwa pihak sekolah dapat menjalin kerjasama dengan puskesmas untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja.

Kata kunci: kesehatan reproduksi; gaya berpacaran; pengetahuan; sikap
Beban pengasuahan Caregiver keluarga klien dengan Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Naimata Kupang
Authors: Nenobais A. , Yusuf Ah. , Andayani S.R.D
Published: August 2021

The primary caregiver of schizophrenia patients is a family member. Caring for schizophrenia patients with other routine activities makes the family as caregivers experiences substantive stress or burden. The aims of this study is to describe the burden of the family caregivers of patiens with schizophrenia. This study was a descriptive study with a sample of 104 family nurse patients with schizophrenia, who visited the outpatient and inpatient care of Naimata Mental Hospital in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The burden of family caregivers was measured using The Zarit Burden Interview. The results showed mild to moderate burden was 23.1%, moderate to severe burden 49%, severe burden 22.1% and little or no burden 5.8%. Family caregiver burden is an important indicator for the provision of mental health services because it impacts on the ability of families to maintain their caregiving role.

Keywords: family; caregiver; burden; schizophrenia

ABSTRAK

Pengasuh utama pasien Skizofrenia adalah anggota keluarga. Merawat pasien skizofrenia dengan kegiatan rutin lainnya menjadikan keluarga sebagai pengasuh mengalami stres atau beban yang substansial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan beban pengasuh keluarga pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptis dengan sampel penelitian 104 perawat keluarga pasien dengan skizofrenia, yang berkunjung di rawat jalan dan rawat inap Rumah Sakit Jiwa Naimata di Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur. Beban pengasuh keluarga diukur menggunakan The Zarit Burden Interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beban ringan sampai sedang adalah 23,1%, beban sedang hingga berat 49%, beban berat 22,1% dan sedikit atau tidak ada beban 5,8%. Beban pengasuh keluarga merupakan indikator penting untuk penyediaan layanan kesehatan mental karena berdampak pada kemampuan keluarga untuk mempertahankan peran pengasuhan mereka.

Kata kunci: keluarga; caregiver; beban; skizofrenia
Perawatan Suportif Pada Penyintas Kanker Ginekologi: A Literature Review
Authors: Rosdiana Meyke , Afiyanti Yati
Published: August 2021

Supportive care for gynecologic cancer survivors is part of the treatment process and affects their quality of life, so this literature review is intended to improve supportive care for gynecological cancer survivors. The database were used CINAHL Plus and Scopus in the last 10 years. 8 articles found which related to supportive care in five domain, specifically are psychological, system and health information, physical and daily activities, patient care and support, and sexuality. The result of the review indicated that the highest supportive care needs for gynecological cancer survivors were in the physical domain, such as complaints reduction of physical symptoms and psychological domains like fears of cancer recurrence. Based on the case, it will be important for health care providers to improve services in gynecology in terms of meeting the supportive care needs that affected their life.

Keywords: supportive care; gynecologic cancer survivors

ABSTRAK

Perawatan suportif pada penyintas kanker ginekologi merupakan bagian dari proses perawatan dan memengaruhi kualitas hidup mereka, sehingga literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perawatan suportif pada penyintas kanker ginekologi. Pencarian database yang digunakan yaitu CINAHL Plus dan Scopus pada 10 tahun terakhir. Sebanyak 8 artikel berkaitan dengan perawatan suportif pada lima domain yaitu psikologis, sistem dan informasi kesehatan, fisik dan aktivitas sehari-hari, perawatan dan dukungan pasien dan seksualitas. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa kentuhan perawatan suportif tertinggi pada penyintas kanker ginekologi yaitu pada domain fisik seperti pengurangan keluhan gejala fisik dan domain psikologis seperti kekhawatiran kambuhnya kanker. Berdasarkan hal tersebut menjadi penting bagi tenaga kesehatan penyedia layanan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pada penyintas kanker ginekologi dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan perawatan suportif secara komprehensif yang akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup mereka.

Kata kunci: perawatan suportif; penyintas kanker ginekologi
Hambatan Dalam Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Selama 6 Bulan Pertama Kehidupan: Literatur Review
Authors: Yusnita Vera , Rustina Yeni
Published: August 2021

International and national efforts have been made in increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding practice, but exclusive breastfeeding rate has not reached the target. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers of exclusive breastfeeding practice. Literature study was conducted by analyzing scientific articles published from 2014 to 2019 and in English. Data was searched from various databases such as Scopus, Ebscho, Sciencedirect and Pubmed database using the keywords infant feeding, breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, problems and barriers. The finding of this literature review was 18 qualitative and quantitative articles corresponding to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this study found that many factors influencing mothers to maintain exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life namely sociodemographic, medical and healthcare facilities, knowledge, perceptions of insufficient breastmilk supply, socio-cultural and environmental factors. Healthcare professionals and health care providers should be informed about the barriers of breastfeeding mother. The results of this literature study can be the basis for healthcare professionals and policy makers to plan the best way to support mothers in maintaining successful infant feeding.

Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding; infant feeding; problem and barrier

ABSTRAK

Berbagai upaya baik internasional maupun nasional telah dilakukan dalam meningkatkan rata-rata pemberian ASI eksklusif, namun angka cakupan ASI eksklusif masih belum mencapai target. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai hambatan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif pada 6 bulan pertama kehidupan. Studi literatur ini dibuat dengan melakukan analisis terhadap artikel-artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasi tahun 2014 sampai 2019 dan berbahasa Inggris. Data didapatkan dari berbagai database seperti Scopus, Ebscho, Sciencedirect dan Pubmed dengan menggunakan kata kunci infant feeding, “exclusive breastfeeding”, problem dan barrier. Hasil penelusuran literatur didapatkan 18 artikel kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi. Hasil telaah didapatkan bahwa banyak faktor yang menghambat ibu dalam mempertahankan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan pertama kehidupan yaitu faktor sosiodemografi, kesehatan dan fasilitas kesehatan, pengetahuan tantang menyusui, persepsi ASI yang kurang, sosial budaya dan lingkungan. Profesional kesehatan dan penyedia layanan kesehatan harus mengetahui hambatan-hambatan yang sering terjadi pada ibu menyusui. Hasil studi literatur ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi profesional kesehatan dan pembuat kebijakan untuk merencanakan cara terbaik dalam mendukung ibu mempertahankan keberhasilan pemberian makanan bayi yang sesuai.

Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif; masalah dan hambatan; menyusui bayi
Faktor Penyebab Kekambuhan pada Mantan Penyalahguna NAPZA
Authors: Susila Wahyu Dini Candra , Daulima Novy Helena Catharina
Published: August 2021

Misuse of Narcotics, Psychotropic and Other Addictive Substances is still a problem in the community. International drug abuse has increased. Drug dependence can be rehabilitated medically but rehabilitation does not guarantee that a drug addict will recover from his addiction. Many users, even though they have undergone rehabilitation programs, have not been able to truly leave drug or recover. The purpose of this paper is to find out in detail the factors that influence the relapse behavior of former drug users. The writing method used in this article was a literature review, which searched in 5 international databases were Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Sage Journal, and ProQuest. The author used several search keywords namely "factor"; "Cause"; "Drug", "abuse"; "Substance" and used boolean "AND" and "OR". Based on the 8 articles analyzed, it was found that the causal factors related to the recurrence of drug abuse can be broken down into 7 included individual emotional states, conflict, environment and family, peers, wrong treatment, failed treatment and the desire to return to use. The emotional state, the desire to re-use, family factors and peer influence were the most influential factors.

Keywords: relapse; narcotics; caused

ABSTRAK

Penyalahgunaan Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif lainya (NAPZA) masih menjadi masalah di kalangan masyarakat. Tren penyalahgunan NAPZA internasional mengalami peningkatan. Ketergantungan narkoba dapat direhabilitasi secara medis namun rehabilitasi tidak menjamin pecandu narkoba akan sembuh dari ketergantungannya. Banyak pengguna yang meskipun telah menjalani program rehabilitasi, namun belum bisa benar-benar meninggalkan NAPZA atau sembuh. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui secara merinci faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku kambuh mantan penyalahguna NAPZA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah tinjauan literatur, yakni sebuah pencarian internasional yang menggunakan 5 database Proquest, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Sage Journal, dan ProQuest. Penulis menggunakan beberapa kata kunci pencarian yaitu “factor”; “cause”; “drug”, “abuse”; “substance”. dengan menggunakann boolean “AND” dan “OR”. Berdasarkan 8 artikel yang dianalisis, didapatkan bahwa faktor penyebab yang berkaitan dengan kekambuhan penyalahgunaan NAPZA dapat di uraikan menjadi 7 antara lain keadaan emosi individu, konflik, lingkungan dan keluarga, rekan sebaya, pengobatan yang salah, pengobatan yang gagal serta keinginan kembali menggunakan. Keadaan emosional, keinginan kembali menggunakan, faktor keluarga dan pengaruh rekan sebaya adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh.

Kata kunci: kekambuhan; NAPZA; penyebab
Identification of a Costimulatory Molecule Gene Signature to Predict Survival and Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aye Ling , Song Xiaole , Yang Jingyi , Hu Li , Sun Xicai , Zhou Jiaying , Liu Quan , Yu Hongmeng , Wang Dehui
Published: August 2021

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the treatment of a variety of cancers in recent years. Costimulatory molecules constitute the foundation of cancer immunotherapies and are deemed to be promising targets for cancer treatment. This study attempted to evaluate the potential value of costimulatory molecule genes (CMGs) in HNSCC.

Materials and Methods

Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, we identified the prognostic value of CMGs in HNSCC. Subsequently, CMGs-based signature (CMS) to predict overall survival of HNSCC patients was established and validated. The differences of downstream pathways, clinical outcomes, immune cell infiltration, and predictive immunotherapy responses between different CMS subgroups were investigated via bioinformatic algorithms. We also explored the biological functions of TNFRSF12A, one risk factor of CMS, by in vitro experiments.

Results

Among CMGs, 22 genes were related to prognosis based on clinical survival time in HNSCC. Nine prognosis-related CMGs were selected to establish CMS. CMS was an independent risk factor and could indicate the survival of HNSCC patients, the component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and the immunotherapy response rate. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed that CMS might involve immune-relevant processes. Additionally, TNFRSF12A was related to poor prognosis and enhanced malignant phenotype of HNSCC.

Conclusion

Collectively, CMS could accurately indicate prognosis, evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment, and predict possible immunotherapy outcomes for HNSCC patients.
A New Strategy to Regulate the Selectivity of Photo-Mediated Catalytic Reaction
Authors: Qian Kun
Published: August 2021

Here we developed a new method for regulating the selectivity of photo-mediated catalytic reaction by manipulating the surface charge of Au/TiO2 (gold/titanium dioxide) catalysts within chemical reaction timescales. Two kinds of photocatalytic reactions, hydrogenation of acetophenone and benzyl alcohol oxidation, have been applied to investigate the photocatalytic performance over Au/TiO2 catalysts with tunable surface charges. We found that a suitable timescale of switching surface charge on Au would benefit for the enhanced quantum efficiency and play different roles in the selectivity of desired products in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions. Au/TiO2 catalyst under 5 μs flashing light irradiation exhibits much higher selectivity of 1-phenylethanol in the hydrogenation of acetophenone than that under continuous light and 5 s flashing light irradiation; by contrast, Au/TiO2 catalysts under both flashing light and continuous light irradiation exhibit a similar selectivity of benzaldehyde in benzyl alcohol oxidation. Our findings will benefit for a better understanding of electronic structure–mediated reaction mechanism and be helpful for achieving highly efficient photocatalytic systems.
Current Progress and Perspectives on Using Gold Compounds for the Modulation of Tumor Cell Metabolism
Authors: Kou Leiya , Wei Shuang , Kou Pei
Published: August 2021

Altered cellular metabolism, which is essential for the growth and survival of tumor cells in a specific microenvironment, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Among the most significant changes in the metabolic pattern of tumor cells is the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for glucose utilization. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in patterns of protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Recently, gold compounds have been shown to target several metabolic pathways and a number of metabolites in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize how gold compounds modulate glucose, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism in tumor cells, resulting in anti-tumor effects. We also discuss the rationale underlying the anti-tumor effects of these gold compounds and highlight how to effectively utilize against various types of tumors.
Short-Time Changes in Coronary Artery Plaques Assessed by Follow-Up Coronary CT Angiography—Characteristics and Impact on Patient Management
Authors: Görich Hanna Maria , Buss Sebastian J. , Emami Mostafa , Seitz Sebastian , Lossnitzer Dirk , Fortner Philipp , Baumann Stefan , Brado Matthias , Gückel Friedemann , Sokiranski Roman , Sommer André , Görich Johannes , Andre Florian
Published: August 2021

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) shows a chronic but heterogeneous clinical course. Coronary CT angiography (CTA) allows for the visualization of the entire coronary tree and the detection of early stages of CAD. The aim of this study was to assess short-time changes in non-calcified and mixed plaques and their clinical impact using coronary CTA in a real-world setting.

Methods: Between 11/2014 and 07/2019, 6,701 patients had a coronary CTA with a third-generation dual-source CT, of whom 77 patients (57 males, 63.8 ± 10.8 years) with a chronic CAD received clinically indicated follow-up CTA. Non-calcified and mixed plaques were analyzed in 1,211 coronary segments. Patients were divided into groups: stable, progressive, or regressive plaques.

Results: Within the follow-up period of 22.3 ± 10.4 months, 44 patients (58%) showed stable plaques, 27 (36%) showed progression, 5 (7%) showed regression. One patient was excluded due to an undetermined CAD course showing both, progressive and regressive plaques. Age did not differ significantly between groups. Patients with plaque regression were predominantly female (80 vs. 20%), whereas patients showing progression were mainly male (85 vs. 15%; p < 0.01 for both). Regression was only observed in patients with mild CAD or one-vessel disease. The follow-up CTA led to changes in patient management in the majority of subjects (n = 50; 66%).

Conclusions: Changes in coronary artery plaques can be observed within a short period resulting in an adjustment of the clinical management in the majority of CAD patients. Follow-up coronary CTA renders the non-invasive assessment of plaque development possible and allows for an individualized diagnostics and therapy optimization.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram of In-hospital Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Bo Xiangwei , Liu Yang , Yang Mingming , Lu Zhengri , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Lijuan
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a nomogram for the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Methods: A total of 1,360 ACS patients admitted between November 2014 and October 2019 from Zhongda Hospital and Yancheng Third People's Hospital were included. Patients admitted in Zhongda Hospital before 2018 were split into the training cohort (n = 793). Those admitted after 2018 in Zhongda Hospital and patients from Yancheng Third People's Hospital were split into the validation cohort (n = 567). Twenty eight clinical features routinely assessed including baseline characteristics, past medical history and auxiliary examinations were used to inform the models to predict in-hospital MACCE (all-cause mortality, reinfarction, stroke, and heart failure) in ACS patients. The best-performing model was tested in the validation cohort. The accuracy and clinical applicability were tested by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA).

Results: The in-hospital MACCE occurred in 93 (6.83%) patients. The final prediction model consists of four variables: age, Killip grading, fasting blood-glucose (FBG) and whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed at early stage. A nomogram was used to present the final result. Individualized nomogram exhibited comparable discrimination to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score [AUC: 0.807 (95% CI 0.736–0.878) vs. 0.761 (95% CI 0.69–0.878)], P = 0.10) and a better discrimination than the Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events (EMMACE) score [AUC: 0.807 (95% CI 0.736–0.878) vs. 0.723(95% CI 0.648–0.798), P = 0.01] in predicting the risk of in-hospital MACCE in ACS patients. A good prediction performance was maintained in the validation cohort (AUC =0.813, 95% CI 0.738–0.889). The prediction model also exhibited decent calibration (P = 0.972) and clinical usefulness.

Conclusion: The nomogram may be a simple and effective tool in predicting the occurrence of in-hospital MACCE in ACS patients. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate its value in guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing the treatment of high-risk patients.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Mediated Lymphocytic and Giant Cell Myocarditis: Uncovering Etiological Mechanisms
Authors: Rikhi Rishi , Karnuta Jaret , Hussain Muzna , Collier Patrick , Funchain Pauline , Tang Wai Hong Wilson , Chan Timothy A. , Moudgil Rohit
Published: August 2021

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the field of oncology, but these are associated with immune related adverse events. One such adverse event, is myocarditis, which has limited the continued immunosuppressive treatment options in patients afflicted by the disease. Pre-clinical and clinical data have found that specific ICI targets and precipitate distinct myocardial infiltrates, consistent with lymphocytic or giant cell myocarditis. Specifically, it has been reported that CTLA-4 inhibition preferentially results in giant cell myocarditis with a predominately CD4+ T cell infiltrate and PD-1 inhibition leads to lymphocytic myocarditis, with a predominately CD8+ T cell infiltrate. Our manuscript discusses the latest literature surrounding ICI pathways and targets, while detailing proposed mechanisms behind ICI mediated myocarditis.
Application of RNA Interference Technology to Acroporid Juvenile Corals
Authors: Yuyama Ikuko , Higuchi Tomihiko , Hidaka Michio
Published: August 2021

Numerous genes involved in calcification, algal endosymbiosis, and the stress response have been identified in corals by large-scale gene expression analysis, but functional analysis of those genes is lacking. There are few experimental examples of gene expression manipulation in corals, such as gene knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi). The purpose of this study is to establish an RNAi method for coral juveniles. As a first trial, the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP, an endogenous fluorophore expressed by corals) and thioredoxin (TRX, a stress response gene) were selected for knockdown. Synthesized double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to GFP and TRX were transformed into planula larvae by lipofection method to attempt RNAi. Real-time PCR analysis to verify knockdown showed that GFP and TRX expression levels tended to decrease with each dsRNA treatment (not significant). In addition, stress exposure experiments following RNAi treatment revealed that planulae with TRX knockdown exhibited increased mortality at elevated temperatures. In GFP-knockdown corals, decreased GFP fluorescence was observed. However, the effect of GFP-knockdown was confirmed only in the coral at the initial stages of larval metamorphosis into polyps, but not in planulae and 1 month-old budding polyps. This study showed that lipofection RNAi can be applied to coral planulae and polyps after settlement, and that this method provides a useful tool to modify expression of genes involved in stress tolerance and fluorescence emission of the corals.
Interpretable Trials: Is Interpretability a Reason Why Clinical Trials Fail?
Authors: Chao Yi-Sheng , Wu Chao-Jung , Wu Hsing-Chien , McGolrick Danielle , Chen Wei-Chih
Published: August 2021

Background: There are clinical trials using composite measures, indices, or scales as proxy for independent variables or outcomes. Interpretability of derived measures may not be satisfying. Adopting indices of poor interpretability in clinical trials may lead to trial failure. This study aims to understand the impact of using indices of different interpretability in clinical trials.

Methods: The interpretability of indices was categorized as: fair-to-poor, good, and unknown. In the literature, frailty indices were considered fair to poor interpretability. Body mass index (BMI) was highly interpretable. The other indices were of unknown interpretability. The trials were searched at clinicaltrials.gov on October 2, 2018. The use of indices as conditions/diseases or other terms was searched. The trials were grouped as completed, terminated, active, and other status. We tabulated the frequencies of frailty, BMI, and other indices.

Results: There were 263,928 clinical trials found and 155,606 were completed or terminated. Among 2,115 trials adopting indices or composite measures as condition or disease, 244 adopted frailty and 487 used BMI without frailty indices. Significantly higher proportions of trials of unknown status used indices as conditions/diseases or other terms, compared to completed and terminated trials. The proportions of active trials using frailty indices were significantly higher than those of completed or terminated trials.

Discussion: Clinical trial databases can be used to understand why trials may fail. Based on the findings, we suspect that using indices of poor interpretability may be associated with trial failure. Interpretability has not been conceived as an essential criterion for outcomes or proxy measures in trials. We will continue verifying the findings in other databases or data sources and apply this research method to improve clinical trial design. To prevent patients from experiencing trials likely to fail, we suggest further examining the interpretability of the indices in trials.
BacAnt: A Combination Annotation Server for Bacterial DNA Sequences to Identify Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Integrons, and Transposable Elements
Authors: Hua Xiaoting , Liang Qian , Deng Min , He Jintao , Wang Meixia , Hong Wenjie , Wu Jun , Lu Bian , Leptihn Sebastian , Yu Yunsong , Chen Huan
Published: August 2021

Graphical Abstract

Overall BacAnt’s service workflow. The figure is adapted with permissions from IntegronFinder (Cury et al., 2016).
Exploring Covalent Docking Mechanisms of Boron-Based Inhibitors to Class A, C and D β-Lactamases Using Time-dependent Hybrid QM/MM Simulations
Authors: Charzewski Łukasz , Krzyśko Krystiana A. , Lesyng Bogdan
Published: August 2021

Recently, molecular covalent docking has been extensively developed to design new classes of inhibitors that form chemical bonds with their biological targets. This strategy for the design of such inhibitors, in particular boron-based inhibitors, holds great promise for the vast family of β-lactamases produced,inter alia, by Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the description of covalent docking processes requires a quantum-mechanical approach, and so far, only a few studies of this type have been presented. This study accurately describes the covalent docking process between two model inhibitors - representing two large families of inhibitors based on boronic-acid and bicyclic boronate scaffolds, and three β-lactamases which belong to the A, C, and D classes. Molecular fragments containing boron can be converted from a neutral, trigonal, planar state with sp2hybridization to the anionic, tetrahedral sp3state in a process sometimes referred to asmorphing. This study applies multi-scale modeling methods, in particular, the hybrid QM/MM approach which has predictive power reaching well beyond conventional molecular modeling. Time-dependent QM/MM simulations indicated several structural changes and geometric preferences, ultimately leading to covalent docking processes. With current computing technologies, this approach is not computationally expensive, can be used in standard molecular modeling and molecular design works, and can effectively support experimental research which should allow for a detailed understanding of complex processes important to molecular medicine. In particular, it can support the rational design of covalent boron-based inhibitors for β-lactamases as well as for many other enzyme systems of clinical relevance, including SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
Potential Therapeutic Role of HDAC Inhibitors in FUS-ALS
Authors: Tejido Clara , Pakravan Donya , Bosch Ludo Van Den
Published: August 2021

Mutations in the FUS gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-FUS). However, the exact pathogenic mechanism of mutant fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein is not completely understood. FUS is an RNA binding protein (RBP) localized predominantly in the nucleus, but ALS-linked FUS mutations can affect its nuclear localization signal impairing its import into the nucleus. This mislocalization to the cytoplasm facilitates FUS aggregation in cytoplasmic inclusions. Therapies targeting post translational modifications are rising as new treatments for ALS, in particular acetylation which could have a role in the dynamics of RBPs. Research using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in FUS-ALS models showed that HDACs can influence cytoplasmic FUS localization. Inhibition of HDACs could promote acetylation of the FUS RNA binding domain (RRM) and altering its RNA interactions resulting in FUS maintenance in the nucleus. In addition, acetylation of FUS RRMs might also favor or disfavor its incorporation into pathological inclusions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evidence for the potential role of HDACs in the context of FUS-ALS and we propose a new hypothesis based on this overview.
Establishment of the Radiologic Tumor Invasion Index Based on Radiomics Splenic Features and Clinical Factors to Predict Serous Invasion of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pan Bujian , Zhang Weiteng , Chen Wenjing , Zheng Jingwei , Yang Xinxin , Sun Jing , Sun Xiangwei , Chen Xiaodong , Shen Xian
Published: August 2021

Background

Currently, there are shortcomings in diagnosing gastric cancer with or without serous invasion, making it difficult for patients to receive appropriate treatment. Therefore, we aimed to develop a radiomic nomogram for preoperative identification of serosal invasion.

Methods

We selected 315 patients with gastric cancer, confirmed by pathology, and randomly divided them into two groups: the training group (189 patients) and the verification group (126 patients). We obtained patient splenic imaging data for the training group. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant for features that were selected for lasso regression. Eight features were chosen to construct a serous invasion prediction model. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the radiologic tumor invasion risk score. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed with other invasion-related factors to establish a visual combined prediction model.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy of the radiologic tumor invasion score was consistent in the training and verification groups (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses of invasion risk factors revealed that the radiologic tumor invasion index (p=0.002), preoperative hemoglobin <100 (p=0.042), and the platelet and lymphocyte ratio <92.8 (p=0.031) were independent risk factors for serosal invasion in the training cohort. The prediction model based on the three indexes accurately predicted the serosal invasion risk with an area under the curve of 0.884 in the training cohort and 0.837 in the testing cohort.

Conclusions

Radiological tumor invasion index based on splenic imaging combined with other factors accurately predicts serosal invasion of gastric cancer, increases diagnostic precision for the most effective treatment, and is time-efficient.