bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Tonal Casing Noise of a Centrifugal Fan at the Blade Passing Frequency
Authors: Fu-An LU , Wang Xuejun , Da-Tong QI , Jian-Cheng CAI
Published: July 2011

This paper studied the casing vibration and noise radiation of a centrifugal fan at the blade passing frequency (BPF) induced by the internal unsteady flow. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the complete unsteady flow in the whole impeller-volute configuration was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. Pressure fluctuations on the casing were obtained, and the BPF component was extracted after Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In Part I of this two-part study, the BPF pressure fluctuation was modeled as aeroacoustic dipole source according to Lighthill's acoustic analogy theory, and sound propagation was simulated regarding the casing as a rigid body. In this part, the casing was modeled as an elastic structure in order to study the tonal vibroacoustics of the casing structure with the BPF pressure fluctuations as excitation. Time harmonic response of the casing was calculated using the finite element method (FEM) and vibroacoustic noise radiation was analyzed by the boundary element method (BEM). The primary objective is to make an attempt to quantitatively evaluate the flow-induced casing vibration and noise radiation in fluid machinery. Some results were obtained casting light on the characteristics of casing vibration and noise radiation.
Sorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenol onto Organobentonites: Influence of Organic Cation Structure and Bentonite Layer Charge
Authors: Huang Mei , Zhu Runliang
Published: July 2011

The influence of both the molecular structure of the organic cation and the layer charge on the bentonite on the sorption characteristics of organobentonites has been examined. The organic cations cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMA), tetramethylammonium bromide (TMA) and Crystal Violet (CV) were selected for producing two bentonites with different layer charges. The results obtained showed that the adsorption capacities of the three organic cations towards bentonite were in the order CTMA < CV > TMA. TMA-bentonite had the smallest basal spacing values but the largest surface area, but both CV-bentonite and CTM-bentonite had small surface areas. The sorption capacity of 2,4-dichlorophenol onto CTMA-bentonite increased with increasing bentonite layer charge, while the reverse was observed with TMA-bentonite. With CV-bentonite, the sample with the lower layer charge showed only a limited capacity towards the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, and exhibited a much smaller sorption capacity relative to CTMA-bentonite and TMA-bentonite. The results obtained in the present study indicate that CTMA aggregates during sorption and that siloxane surfaces provide the major sorption sites on CTMA-bentonite and TMA-bentonite, respectively. In contrast, both the organic cation and siloxane groups contributed weakly to the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol on CV-bentonite.
Batch and Column Studies for the Removal of Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Lignite
Authors: Rao Rifaqat Ali Khan , Khan Moonis Ali , Rehman Fouzia
Published: July 2011

The effectiveness of lignite for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution has been evaluated. The maximum adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto lignite was 98%. The adsorption depends on the initial concentration of Pb(II) ions, the pH, the adsorbent dosage, the temperature and the contact time. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. The mean free energy values indicated that adsorption occurred via a chemisorption process. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models provided good fits to the experimental data obtained at 40 °C, as indicated by the χ2-test. The breakthrough and exhaustive capacities were found to be 5 mg/g and 35 mg/g, respectively. The percentage recovery of adsorbed Pb(II) ions by column methods was ca. 80% when 0.1 M HCl was used as the eluent.
The Seven Station Series
Authors: Gray Vincent
Published: July 2011

Historical evidence shows that the mean temperatures in the main cities in New Zealand have not changed significantly since records began in the 1860s1–4.

Recently, the New Zealand Institute for Water and Air Research11, after a thorough Review, has presented a revised temperature anomaly chart for the average temperatures of seven of the major urban centres in New Zealand which shows that there has been an increasing temperature trend of 0.91°C per century since 1909.

This paper analyses the Review and concludes that the results are compatible with the historic view of no significant change since records began. Although the trends found are explained by natural causes their statistical significance is very low because of the unsuitability of the “neighbour station” comparison used, and the inaccuracy of the measured and processed temperature measurements.
Coaching Behavior: Any Consequences for the Prevalence of Sexual Harassment?
Authors: Sand Trond Svela , Fasting Kari , Chroni Stiliani , Knorre Nada
Published: July 2011

Coaches can easily dominate athletes and this unbalanced power distribution may be strengthened by authoritarian behavior; i.e. negative feedback, directive communication, coach-led decision making, task-centered role orientation, and goal orientation on performance. An unwanted risk emerges when the power is abused, which can lead to the occurrence of sexual harassment. This article examines whether authoritarian coaching behaviors may have any implications for female athletes' experiences of sexual harassment from male and female coaches. The participants in this survey were 399 female sport & PE students from Czech Republic, Greece and Norway. The study revealed that both the prevalence of authoritarian behaviors and of sexual harassment were significantly higher from male coaches. There was a higher prevalence of sexual harassment experiences from both male and female coaches among those participants who had experienced authoritarian behaviors compared to those who did not. This indicates that authoritarian behaviors are a stronger predictor of experiences of sexual harassment than the gender of the coach.
A Case Study of a Paralympic Cerebral Palsy Cyclist Using Torque Analysis
Authors: Brickley Gary , Gregson Hannah C.
Published: July 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in torque production of an elite cyclist with cerebral palsy (CP) affecting predominantly one side of his body, at a range of cadences typically used during cycling races and training. The participant was a 37 year old male multiple Paralympic gold medallist. The participant performed 3 trials measuring torque on an SRM Ergometer, all at 300 W (±5 W) and at cadences of 70, 100 and 120 rpm (±3). The mean peak torques for the athlete's left and right legs were 25.02 (±1.879) and 44.22 (±4.671) N.m, respectively. A paired sample t-test found a significant difference between the right and left leg across all cadences (70rpm: t(5) = 8.37, p = 0.001; 100 rpm: t(7) = 11.246, p = 0.000; 120 rpm: t(8) = 8.938, p = 0.000). The results demonstrated that the participant experiences significantly reduced torque production during cycling across different cadences as a result of CP. Monitoring of torque production has considerable benefits for specific training and provides both coach and athlete with a useful tool.
Distribution of Training Volume and Intensity of Elite Male and Female Track and Marathon Runners
Authors: Enoksen Eystein , Tjelta Asle Rønning , Tjelta Leif Inge
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to compare training volume and the distribution of training intensity of six of the best long-distance runners in Norway from the last decade.

Three international-level long-distance runners (two males and one female) and three marathon runners (one male and two females) were included. The runners' training diaries for one of the seasons they competed in an international championship were analysed. The reported running volume (km/week) was used to estimate the distribution of training at the prescribed intensity zones in representative weeks in the preparation period and in the competition season.

During the preparation period (November - February) the marathon runners ran an average of 186.6 ± 25.7 km/week and the track runners 161 ± 11 km/week. For all runners, 80 ± 5% of the weekly training distance (km/week) in this period was continuous running with a heart rate (HR) between 65–82% of maximum. The remaining 20% of total training volume (km/week) was performed at intensities near and above the anaerobic threshold (82–92% of HRmax). This was done in three to five weekly interval sessions or continuous running sessions. All athletes ran 11 – 13 sessions per week. The training volume (km/week) in the pre-competition period and the competition season did not differ much from the volume in the preparation period. The track runners increased the amount of high-intensity training at specific race pace in the pre-competition period (March and April), and in the track competition season (May - September).
Use of Social Media to Communicate Sport Science Research
Authors: Williams Jay H.
Published: July 2011

Scientists and coaches acknowledge that an information gap exists between research and practice. Communication barriers hinder applying research findings in a timely manner. This investigation examined the usefulness of social media to communicate sport science research. A Facebook fan page and a website dedicated to translating soccer-related research (Science of Soccer Online, SSO) were established. The Facebook fan page accounted for the largest number referrals to the SSO website. Those accessing SSO via Facebook spent nearly 5 min on the site and viewed 1–2 articles per visit. A survey about the usefulness of the Facebook indicated that most respondents noticed and utilized links posted on the Facebook fan page. Survey participants also indicated that they used the fan page to access the SSO website. The results suggest a Facebook fan page that provides links to practical scientific information is a potentially useful means of communicating sport science to practitioners.
Family Control and Family Firm Valuation by Family CEOs: The Importance of Intentions for Transgenerational Control
Authors: Zellweger Thomas M. , Kellermanns Franz W. , Chrisman James J. , Chua Jess H.
Published: July 2011

Family firms are thought to pursue nonfinancial goals that provide socioemotional wealth, but socioemotional wealth is feasible only with family control of the firm. Using prospect theory, we hypothesize that socioemotional wealth increases with the extent of current control, duration of control, and intentions for transgenerational control, thus adding to the price at which owners would be willing to sell their firms to nonfamily buyers. Findings from two countries show that current control has no impact, and duration of control has a mixed impact. However, intention for transgenerational control has a consistently positive impact on the perceived acceptable selling price.
PERSPECTIVE—Organizational Behavior and the Working Poor
Authors: Leana Carrie R. , Mittal Vikas , Stiehl Emily
Published: July 2011

The working poor are situated in a very powerful context—the nexus of poverty and low-wage work. Our central premise is that this context represents a “strong situation” that powerfully affects work-related outcomes, but it has been largely overlooked by organization science, even as the working poor comprise a sizable segment of the workforce. In this paper we briefly review categorical, compositional, and relational theories of poverty from other disciplines, and we describe three key mediators from organizational research that may explain how the working poor are adversely affected in terms of job attachment, career attainment, and job performance. Our goals are to encourage further thinking about the working poor among organizational scholars, encourage future research in this domain, and call attention to the need for research-based interventions.
Another Tragic Parenteral Nutrition Compounding Error: Change in Anzemet Indication: Teva's Lansoprazole Orally Disentegrating Tablet Clogs Tubes: Lawyers Weigh in on Consistent Use of Smart Pump Libraries
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: July 2011

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Montelukast-Induced Anxiety in Pediatric Patients: Fixed Drug Eruption on Penis Due to Oxcarbazepine: Interferon-alfa-Induced Lupus in a Patient with Hepatitis C: Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Liraglutide: Severe Muscle Cramps after Acute Administration of Intravenous Amiodarone: Linezolid-Associated Hypoglycemia in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes: Levamisole Commonly Found Mixed with Cocaine
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) Regimen
Authors: Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: July 2011

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Docetaxel/Prednisone (D + P): Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Generali Joyce A. , Cada Dennis J.
Published: July 2011

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@kumc.edu .
New Drugs Approved by the FDA: New Dosage Forms and Indications Approved by the FDA: Agents Pending FDA Approval: New Drug/Biologics License Applications Filed by Manufacturer: Supplemental Applications Filed by Manufacturer: Significant Labeling Changes or “Dear Health Professional” Letters Related to Safety
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: July 2011

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at bakerdan@wsu.edu .
Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy
Authors: Russett Flint
Published: July 2011

Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest regarding a broad scope of topics are abstracted monthly. Suggestions or comments may be addressed to Flint Russett, St. Claire Regional Medical Center, 222 Medical Circle, Morehead, KY 40351, or e-mail: FSRussett@st-claire.org .
Busulfan and Metronidazole: An Often Forgotten but Significant Drug Interaction
Authors: Gulbis Alison M , Culotta Kirk S , Jones Roy B , Andersson Borje S
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To report the case of a clinically significant drug interaction between intravenous busulfan and oral metronidazole observed through busulfan therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Case Summary:

A 7-year-old boy with a history of myelodysplasia that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia received busulfan with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), clofarabine, and thiotepa as a pretransplant conditioning regimen for a cord blood transplant. The patient received metronidazole the day after a busulfan test dose of 0.5 mg/kg was administered. On the day of the first busulfan therapeutic dose, TDM was performed and the clearance of busulfan was significantly decreased by 46%. After 2 doses of busulfan therapy, the course area under the curve was exceeded, requiring discontinuation of busulfan. Metronidazole is not known to affect glutathione or the glutathione S-transferase AI (GSTA1) enzyme system or cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4.

Discussion:

Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent widely used in pretransplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Busulfan metabolism is best described by hepatic conjugation to glutathione by GSTA1, although some CYP-dependent pathways have been described. Currently there is 1 publication describing the drug interaction between oral busulfan and oral metronidazole, in which concomitant use of metronidazole resulted in higher busulfan trough concentrations and higher risk of veno-occlusive disease. Our case represents a possible drug interaction based on the Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale.

Conclusions:

Though the mechanistic basis for this interaction is unknown, the risks and benefits of using metronidazole during and in close proximity to busulfan should be carefully considered and therapeutic alternatives to metronidazole should be used when appropriate.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Critical Bleeding
Authors: Patanwala Asad E , Acquisto Nicole M , Erstad Brian L
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To review the evidence supporting the use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) as a hemostatic agent in individuals without hemophilia.

Data Sources:

Articles were identified through a search of Ovid/MEDLINE (up to April 2011) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (up to April 2011). The search terms used were prothrombin complex concentrate, hemorrhage, and bleeding.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

The search was limited to comparative studies. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were reviewed to obtain additional articles. The intent of the search was to identify original research comparing PCC to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or recombinant factor VIIa for the management of bleeding in patients without hemophilia.

Data Synthesis:

PCCs are recommended as an alternative to FFP and recombinant factor VIIa for the treatment of serious or life-threatening bleeding related to vitamin K antagonist therapy. Studies in this setting have shown that PCCs are safe and effective and provide prompt reduction of international normalized ratio (INR) compared to FFP. However, most trials are uncontrolled, and the primary outcomes in these studies have been INR reduction rather than hemostatic effect. Other common off-label uses include coagulopathy due to hepatic failure and traumatic hemorrhage; however, there is insufficient evidence to support use of PCC in these settings. Advantages of PCC include the low drug volume required compared to FFP. The use of PCC may be associated with thromboembolic complications.

Conclusions:

PCC is a safe and effective alternative to FFP and provides rapid reversal of INR in patients on vitamin K antagonist therapy. These agents may be advantageous compared to FFP in patients with volume restrictions. Comparative trials are needed to compare the various PCC products, FPP, and recombinant factor VIIa with regard to clinically significant outcomes such as hemostatic effect.
Electron beam modification of space durable polymeric nano-adhesive bonding of ultra-high temperature resistant polymer
Authors: Bhatnagar Nitu , Pyngrope Davidson , Pradhan Rajiv , Jha Sangeeta , Bhowmik Shantanu , Poulis Hans , Bui Van Tam , Bonin Hughes
Published: July 2011

This investigation highlights fabrication of ultra-high temperature resistant polymers such as polybenzimidazole (PBI) by high-performance nano-adhesive. High-performance nano-adhesive is prepared by dispersing carbon nano-fibers into ultra-high temperature resistant epoxy adhesive. Prior to fabrication of PBI, the surface of PBI is ultrasonically cleaned by acetone and then modified by atmospheric pressure plasma with 30, 60 and 90 s of exposure and low-pressure plasma with 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 s of exposure. Surface characterization of the unmodified and modified PBI sheets is carried out by contact angle measurements and surface energy of the polymer is estimated. It is observed that the polar component of surface energy leading to total surface energy of the polymer increases significantly when exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma. Tensile lap shear strength of adhesive bonded PBI reveals that atmospheric pressure plasma is more useful than low-pressure plasma in terms of adhesive bond strength of PBI and increases further when fabricated by nano-carbon fibers dispersed epoxy adhesive. The nano-adhesive bonded PBI sheets are post-cured by electron beam radiation under the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor. Post curing under electron beam radiation further increases the adhesive bond strength considerably.
Hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease: what have we learned so far from transgenic models?
Authors: Marchetti Cristina , Marie Hélène
Published: July 2011

Transgenic (Tg) mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are used to investigate mechanisms underlying disease pathology and identify therapeutic strategies. Most Tg AD models, which at least partly recapitulate the AD phenotype, are based on insertion of one or more human mutations (identified in Familial AD) into the mouse genome, with the notable exception of the anti-NGF mouse, which is based on the cholinergic unbalance hypothesis. It has recently emerged that impaired hippocampal synaptic function is an early detectable pathological alteration, well before the advanced stage of amyloid plaque accumulation and general cell death. Nevertheless, electrophysiological studies performed on different Tg models or on the same model by different research groups have yielded contrasting results. We therefore summarized data from original research papers studying hippocampal synaptic function using electrophysiology, to review what we have learned so far. We analyzed results obtained using the following Tg models: (1) single/multiple APP mutations; (2) single presenilin (PS) mutations; (3) APPxPS1 mutations; (4) APPxPS1xtau mutations (3xTg); and (5) anti-NGF expressing (AD11) mice. We observed that the majority of papers focus on excitatory basic transmission and long-term potentiation, while few studies evaluate inhibitory transmission and long-term depression. We searched for common synaptic alterations in the various models that might underlie the memory deficits observed in these mice. We also considered experimental variables that could explain differences in the reported results and briefly discuss successful rescue strategies. These analyses should prove useful for future design of electrophysiology experiments to assess hippocampal function in AD mouse models.
US Migration to Mexico: Numbers, Issues, and Scenarios
Authors: Topmiller Michael , Conway Frederick J. , Gerber James
Published: July 2011

Standard methodologies for determining the number of foreign-born residents living in a nation cannot be used to count the number of US citizens living in Mexico primarily because US citizens are able to move back and forth between the two countries. In this article, data shortcomings are analyzed and a case study of a small coastal community is presented. Forty-four interviews of Mexican and US residents provide insight into issues such as resource usage, assimilation, and other impacts created by a growing foreign population.
Backwater Bureaucrat to Revolutionary Myth-Maker: Bernardo M. de León, Caciquismo, and Memory in Nayarit, 1920–1990
Authors: Alexander Ryan M.
Published: July 2011

This article examines two episodes in the career of Bernardo M. de León, an agrarian reform leader and federal congressman from the state of Nayarit. During the first period, from 1920 to 1940, De León emerged as a local cacique responsible for both progressive politics and repressive maneuvers, particularly during the 1930s land reform effort undertaken by the administration of Lázaro Cárdenas. During the second period, from 1970 to 1990, he functioned largely as a political elder in Nayarit. In that capacity, he promoted the official history of the Revolution, at the same time that he manipulated collective memories of his own revolutionaryparticipation. In doing so, he helpedtodefine how successive generations of Mexicans remembered their Revolution and his role within it. Even after his death in 1991, the legacy of De León informed civic engagement in Nayarit, as various groups, ranging from ejido-seeking peasants to local political functionaries, invoked his memory in pursuit of their own political objectives.
Altered expression of Armet and Mrlp51 in the oocyte, preimplantation embryo, and brain of mice following oocyte in vitro maturation but postnatal brain development and cognitive function are normal
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Liya , Le Fang , Zhan Qitao , Zheng Yingming , Ding Guolian , Chen Xijing , Sheng Jianzhong , Dong Minyue , Huang Hefeng , Jin Fan
Published: July 2011

Despite the efforts to recapitulate the follicle environment, oocytes from in vitro maturation (IVM) have poorer developmental potential than those matured in vivo and the effects on the resultant offspring are of concern. The aim of this study was to determine altered gene expression in oocytes following IVM and to evaluate the expression of the arginine rich, mutated in early stage of tumors gene (Armet) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51 (Mrpl51) in embryos and brains of fetal/postnatal mice and the brain development of IVM offspring. An IVM mouse model was established while oocytes matured in vivo were used as the controls. Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and RT-PCR/western blot were used to analyze the differential expression of genes/proteins between IVM and the control group. HE staining and water maze were used to assess the histological changes in brain tissue and cognition of the offspring. The rates of fertilization, cleavage, and live birth were significantly decreased in IVM group. Thirteen genes were upregulated in IVM oocytes compared with the control, including Armet and Mrpl51. The higher level of Armet in IVM oocytes was retained in brain of newborn mice, which could be related to the upregulation of activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6) and X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), while Mrpl51 was expressed normally in brain of postnatal mice. No significant differences were detected in brain weight, neuronal counts, and the cognition in the offspring between the two groups. The present results suggested that IVM could affect the pregnancy outcome and the Armet and Mrpl51 gene/protein expression. The change in Armet expression lasted while the change of Mrpl51 disappeared after birth. However, the brain development of the offspring seemed to be unaffected by IVM.
Comparison of mRNA for IGFs and their binding proteins in the oviduct during the peri-oestrous period between dairy heifers and lactating cows
Authors: Swangchan-Uthai Theerawat , Walsh Siobhan W , Alexander Sarah L H , Cheng Zhangrui , Crowe Mark A , Evans Alexander C O , Wathes D Claire
Published: July 2011

The oviduct provides the environment to support gamete maturation, fertilisation and early embryo development. As there is a high incidence of early embryonic death in lactating dairy cows, this study compared expression of IGF family members in the oviduct between lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=16, 81±2.4 days in milk) and nulliparous heifers (n=16, age 1.6±0.07 years) at three stages of the oestrous cycle: A) newly selected dominant follicle in the luteal phase, B) follicular phase before the LH surge and C) pre-ovulatory phase after the LH surge. Expression ofIGF1,IGF2, IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2),IGFBP3andIGFBP6mRNA was determined in the ampulla of the oviduct. Oviduct side (ipsilateral or contralateral) with respect to the dominant follicle did not affect gene expression. Expression ofIGF1and all threeIGFBPsincreased significantly between the luteal and the pre-ovulatory phases, with no further significant alteration post-LH surge. Concentrations of circulating IGF1 were higher in heifers than in cows, as was the mRNA expression ofIGF1,IGFBP3andIGFBP6. The pre-LH surge rise inIGFBP2mRNA was only observed in heifers.IGF2expression was not influenced by either age or stage of cycle. These three IGFBPs are generally considered to inhibit IGF action. These results indicate tight regulation of IGF bioavailability in the oviductal environment around oestrus, with pronounced differences between cows and heifers, which are likely to influence early embryonic development. Further studies are required to assess the implications for embryo survival.
Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits
Authors: Er Ayse , Altan Feray , Cetin Gul , Dik Burak , Elmas Muammer , Yazar Enver
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excessin vivo, base excessin vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.
Field efficacy of different vaccines against infectious bursal disease in broiler flocks
Authors: Zorman Rojs Olga , Krapež Uroš , Slavec Brigita , Juršič-Cizerl Rahela , Poljanec Tea
Published: July 2011

A field study was performed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in commercial broilers raised in a high IBD virus (IBDV) risk area. Live attenuated intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines were used in four flocks. Birds were vaccinated orally at the estimated vaccination time. Three broiler flocks were vaccinated subcutaneously with a turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-IBD vector vaccine at one day old. Evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccines was focused on humoral immune response, bursa/body weight (B/Bw) ratio, molecular detection of IBDV in ileocaecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius, and production parameters. The serological results showed that although the uptake of all three vaccine strains was confirmed in the lymphoid organs, no significant antibody response to vaccination was detected in flocks vaccinated with intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines. A significant increase in antibody titres detected in flocks vaccinated with the vector vaccine indicated its ability to induce an immune response in birds with a high level of maternally derived antibodies. Observations obtained in this field trial did not confirm the expected reduction of the B/Bw ratio in flocks vaccinated with less attenuated vaccines. No significant differences were observed between birds vaccinated with the vector vaccine and those immunised with the intermediate plus vaccine. Very virulent IBDV was confirmed in the flock vaccinated with the intermediate vaccine. The infection induced reduced B/Bw and moderate mortality but did not affect the production parameters. Field infection was not detected in broilers vaccinated with the intermediate plus vaccine and the vector vaccine.
Relationship between milk somatic cell count and postpartum ovarian cyclicity and fertility in dairy cows
Authors: Nguyen Thinh , Nakao Toshihiko , Gautam Gokarna , Su Long , Ranasinghe Ranasinghe , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: July 2011

The main objective of the study was to describe the relationship of high somatic cell count (SCC) with the incidence of abnormal postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The factors influencing SCC were also investigated. Four hundred and forty-seven cows from six dairy herds in Japan were monitored for SCC and postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Cows with high SCC (200,000 to 500,000) had a higher incidence of prolonged luteal phase (P < 0.01) than cows with an SCC of 50,000 to 100,000. The high SCC cows (> 500,000) also showed a higher incidence of delayed first ovulation post partum than cows with an SCC ≤500,000 (P < 0.05) during the first month post partum. Cows with an SCC of 200,000 to 500,000 showed lower conception and pregnancy rates, and more days from calving to conception than cows with an SCC of less than 200,000 (P < 0.05). Cows in parity 5 or more had a higher incidence of high SCC than cows in the first and second parities (P < 0.05). It is concluded that cows with a high SCC have a higher incidence of abnormal postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity, leading to reduced reproductive performance.
Experimentally induced melanin-like pigmentation (thesaurismosis) related to acorn ingestion in Nero Siciliano pigs
Authors: Lanteri Giovanni , Marino Fabio , Liotta Luigi , Stefano Carmelo , Macrì Battesimo
Published: July 2011

In this study, an experimental challenge was carried out by feeding Nero Siciliano pigs with acorn to evoke melanin-like pigmentation and support the hypothesis that it is caused by ingested material. Twelve pigs were studied, 6 fed with acorns and 6 fed commercial feed. At slaughter, all the animals fed on acorns showed black discolouration of almost all lymph nodes. The lymph nodes were normal in size and shape. Histochemical tests performed on tissues allowed us to identify and differentiate the pigment. Immunohistochemical staining for macrophage markers showed macrophages containing a variable amount of melanin-like granules. Our data, and the well-known steps of melanin formation, confirm that swine enzymes could act on phenolic substances found in acorns.
Artificial reproduction of wild and cultured barbel (Barbus barbus, Cyprinidae) under controlled conditions
Authors: Targońska Katarzyna , Kucharczyk Dariusz , Żarski Daniel , Cejko Beata , Krejszeff Sławomir , Kupren Krzysztof , Król Radosław , Dryl Katarzyna , Kowalski Radosław , Glogowski Jan
Published: July 2011

The aim of this work was to compare the effects of controlled reproduction of cultured and wild common barbel, Barbus barbus (L.). Preparations containing different GnRH analogues and dopamine receptor antagonists (Ovopel, Ovaprim) as well as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (in the case of cultured fish) were applied and their influence on ovulation, spermiation and quality of gametes obtained was determined. No differences in the qualitative or quantitative parameters of semen were found between fish stimulated with different hormonal preparations and those not receiving hormonal stimulation. The high suitability of Ovaprim for ovulation induction in (cultured and wild) barbel was confirmed. The highest synchronisation of ovulation was obtained after the application of Ovopel (18 ± 3 h), but the best results of controlled reproduction (expressed as the percentage of ovulations and survival of embryos) were obtained by applying Ovaprim (83.2 ± 4.1). A significantly higher percentage of ovulation was obtained in cultured fish (80–90%) than in wild fish (< 25%).
Serological evidence for BVDV-1 infection in goats in Poland — Short communication
Authors: Czopowicz Michał , Kaba Jarosław , Schirrmeier Horst , Bagnicka Emilia , Szaluś-Jordanow Olga , Nowicki Mariusz , Witkowski Lucjan , Frymus Tadeusz
Published: July 2011

A serological survey was conducted in 2007 in the breeding goat population in Poland to gain insights into the epidemiology of pestivirus infection. All breeding herds were included in the study and representative serum samples were taken in each herd to evaluate herd-level seroprevalence at 10% expected individual-level prevalence and 95% level of confidence. Altogether 1060 serum samples from 49 herds were tested with blocking ELISA and then the positive and inconclusive results were confirmed in a serum neutralisation test, which also allowed us to determine the pestivirus species responsible for seroconversion. Herd-level seroprevalence proved to be 10.2% and bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) was responsible for the seroconversion in seven out of eight cases. In the remaining serum sample the causative virus could not be identified due to a pronounced cross-neutralising activity possibly derived from multiple infections. This is the first report on the diagnosis of BVDV-1 infection in Polish goats.
Attempts to detect West Nile virus in wild birds in Poland
Authors: Niczyporuk Jowita , Samorek-Salamonowicz Elżbieta , Kozdruń Wojciech , Mizak Zbigniew
Published: July 2011

The aim of the study was to attempt the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in wild birds in Poland. Forty-eight species of 1912 wild birds were used for the investigations. The birds were derived from various locations in Poland from early spring till late autumn of the years 2009–2011. The brain samples were homogenised and cellular RNA was isolated. Two methods (RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR) were used. The presence of WNV RNA was not detected in the samples examined. Additionally, a short analysis of the epizootiological situation regarding the presence of WNV in Poland is presented.
Detection of urease-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica from the field
Authors: Khayer Bernadett , Rónai Zsuzsanna , Wehmann Enikő , Magyar Tibor
Published: July 2011

Four urease-negativeBordetella bronchisepticaisolates originating from pigs were examined by phenotypic and molecular methods. The phenotypic properties of the isolates were in harmony with the data of the literature, except for the lack of urease activity in conventional tube test, API 20 NE and Diatabs™ assays. Using genotypic methods, the urease-negative isolates did not differ from the urease-positive reference strain. They were positive in species-specific andureC PCR, and all strains showed uniform bands in PCR-RFLP studies offlaA genes. The reason for the lack of urease activity, a characteristic considered speciesspecific forB. bronchiseptica, needs to be studied further. The finding underlines the significance of genotyping when the phenotypic identification ofB. bronchisepticaseems questionable.
Quality of life among the Brazilian adult population using the generic SF-8 questionnaire
Authors: Campolina Alessandro Gonçalves , Pinheiro Marcelo M. , Ciconelli Rozana Mesquita , Ferraz Marcos Bosi
Published: July 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life in the Brazilian adult population, based on the U.S. standard population. It involved a cross-sectional population-based study with probabilistic sampling of 2,420 individuals (725 men and 1695 women) aged 40 or more in different geographic regions of Brazil. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the SF-8 (Short Form-8) were administered in interview form. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney test and Tukey's test were used in the analysis. Females, populations in the northeastern region, the population of the regions of Brasília (Distrito Federal), Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul State) and Goiania (Goiás State), Brazil, demonstrated worse quality of life. Age, education and income had influence over quality of life domains. This study presents quality of life estimates for the Brazilian adult population, based on the SF-8 questionnaire. The mean values on the subscales and components of the SF-8 appeared to be influenced by gender, geographic region, family income, age and schooling.
Tabagismo, situação no mercado de trabalho e gênero: análise da PNAD 2008
Authors: Giatti Luana , Barreto Sandhi Maria
Published: July 2011

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o tabagismo atual está associado à inserção no mercado de trabalho, após ajuste por escolaridade, renda e saúde em homens e mulheres; objetivou, também, discutir hipóteses explicativas. Foram estudados indivíduos de 15 a 64 anos, residentes em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, pertencentes à população economicamente ativa, incluídos na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (2008). Razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram obtidos pela regressão de Poisson. Após ajustes, o tabagismo foi estatisticamente maior em indivíduos inseridos no trabalho sem proteção social (homens, RP = 1,31, IC95%: 1,24-1,38; mulheres, RP = 1,22, IC95%: 1,12-1,31) e desempregados (homens, RP = 1,31, IC95%: 1,18-1,44; mulheres, RP = 1,16, IC95%: 1,03-1,32). Prevalências mais altas de tabagismo foram observadas nos homens inseridos no trabalho sem proteção social. Nossos resultados confirmam que a situação no mercado de trabalho é uma dimensão independente das desigualdades sociais no tabagismo. O gradiente social observado foi mais acentuado nos homens, mas a associação entre inserção no trabalho e tabagismo está presente nos dois gêneros.
V = Land Intuitive Plausibility in set Theory. A Case Study
Authors: Arrigoni Tatiana
Published: July 2011

What counts as an intuitively plausible set theoretic content (notion, axiom or theorem) has been a matter of much debate in contemporary philosophy of mathematics. In this paper I develop a critical appraisal of the issue. I analyze first R. B. Jensen's positions on the epistemic status of theaxiom of constructibility. I then formulate and discuss a view of intuitiveness in set theory that assumes it to hinge basically on mathematicalsuccess. At the same time, I present accounts of set theoretic axioms and theorems formulated in non-strictly mathematical terms, e.g., by appealing to theiterative conceptof set and/or to overall methodological principles, likeunifyandmaximize, and investigate the relation of the latter to success in mathematics.
Open Questions in Reverse Mathematics
Authors: Montalbán Antonio
Published: July 2011

We present a list of open questions in reverse mathematics, including some relevant background information for each question. We also mention some of the areas of reverse mathematics that are starting to be developed and where interesting open question may be found.
Categoricity transfer in simple finitary abstract elementary classes
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kesälä Meeri
Published: July 2011

We continue our study of finitary abstract elementary classes, defined in [7]. In this paper, we prove a categoricity transfer theorem for a case of simple finitary AECs. We introduce the concepts of weakκ-categoricity and f-primary models to the framework of ℵ0-stable simple finitary AECs with the extension property, whereby we gain the following theorem: Let () be a simple finitary AEC, weakly categorical in some uncountableκ. Then () is weakly categorical in eachλ≥ min. If the class () is also-tame, weakκ-categoricity is equivalent withκ-categoricity in the usual sense.

We also discuss the relation between finitary AECs and some other non-elementary frameworks and give several examples.
A combinatory account of internal structure
Authors: Jay Barry , Given-Wilson Thomas
Published: July 2011

Traditional combinatory logic uses combinators S and K to represent all Turing-computable functions on natural numbers, but there are Turing-computable functions on the combinators themselves that cannot be so represented, because they access internal structure in ways that S and K cannot. Much of this expressive power is captured by adding a factorisation combinator F. The resulting SF-calculus is structure complete, in that it supports all pattern-matching functions whose patterns are in normal form, including a function that decides structural equality of arbitrary normal forms. A general characterisation of the structure complete, confluent combinatory calculi is given along with some examples. These are able to represent all their Turing-computable functions whose domain is limited to normal forms. The combinator F can be typed using an existential type to represent internal type information.
Classes of Ulm type and coding rank-homogeneous trees in other structures
Authors: Fokina E. , Knight J. F. , Melnikov A. , Quinn S. M. , Safranski C.
Published: July 2011

The first main result isolates some conditions which fail for the class of graphs and hold for the class of Abelianp-groups, the class of Abelian torsion groups, and the special class of “rank-homogeneous” trees. We consider these conditions as a possible definition of what it means for a class of structures to have “Ulm type”. The result says that there can be no Turing computable embedding of a class not of Ulm type into one of Ulm type. We apply this result to show that there is no Turing computable embedding of the class of graphs into the class of “rank-homogeneous” trees. The second main result says that there is a Turing computable embedding of the class of rank-homogeneous trees into the class of torsion-free Abelian groups. The third main result says that there is a “rank-preserving” Turing computable embedding of the class of rank-homogeneous trees into the class of Boolean algebras. Using this result, we show that there is a computable Boolean algebra of Scott rank.
A new spectrum of recursive models using an amalgamation construction
Authors: Andrews Uri
Published: July 2011

We employ an infinite-signature Hrushovski amalgamation construction to yield two results in Recursive Model Theory. The first result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory whose only recursively presentable models are the prime and saturated models, adds a new spectrum to the list of known possible spectra. The second result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory in a finite language whose only recursively presentable model is saturated, gives the second non-trivial example of a spectrum produced in a finite language.
Autonomous progression and transfinite iteration of self-applicable truth
Authors: Fujimoto Kentaro
Published: July 2011

This paper studies several systems of the transfinite iteration and autonomous progression of self-applicable truth and determines their proof-theoretic strength.