bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intersectionality as a Framework for Transformative Research in Special Education
Authors: GARCÍA SHERNAZ B. , ORTIZ ALBA A.
Published: March 2023

Multicultural and bilingual special education scholars have long advocated that research and practice situate (dis)ability in its social, cultural, racial/ethnic, linguistic, historical, legal, and political contexts. Still, the special education literature reflects more restricted conceptualizations of culture, language, and diversity than required to understand how these mutually influence an individual’s, family’s and/or community’s response to (dis) ability and how organizations address the needs of diverse populations. We propose that an intersectionality framework offers a starting point for conceptualizing, developing and conducting transformative research related to disability and difference. We begin by defining intersectionality and exploring related assumptions, followed by implications for two key aspects of such research: deep understanding of the intersections among multicultural/ multilingual students, communities and schools; and researcher reflexivity.
Barriers to Successful Partnerships with Chinese-Speaking Parents of Children with Disabilities in Urban Schools
Authors: Lo Lusa
Published: March 2023

This ethnographic study examined Chinese-speaking parents of children with disabilities: awareness of their legal rights, their perceived barriers to being joint decision makers, and the type of supports and services they would like to receive from schools. Results suggested that Chinese-speaking parents were knowledgeable about their legal rights. High parental participation at individualized education program meetings and parent-steacher conferences were reported with low participation in other school meetings, such as school site council meetings. Participants indicated numerous barriers preventing them from being more active school participants and joint decision makers. The author discusses implications of the findings and suggestions for practice.
Abundance of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) and its natural enemies on tomato crops in greenhouses of different production modes (Azores, Portugal) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Oliveira Luísa , Borges Isabel , Silva Dário , Durão Ana C. , Soares António O.
Published: March 2023

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a major pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops produced in the Azorean greenhouses. Despite the major concerns, no systematic study is available to describe population dynamics of T. absoluta and its natural enemies. The objective of this study was to compare the abundance of the pest (eggs and larvae) and its native natural enemies, in greenhouses of tomato crops produced under different production modes (biological, traditional and intensive). A sampling program was carried out during 2020-2021 and two production seasons of spring-summer and fall-winter. The abundance of eggs and larvae of T. absoluta were higher in tomato crops in intensive production and lower in biological production mode. Infestations by eggs and larvae were higher in spring-summer seasons. The natural enemies recorded were Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur, 1839) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Dicyphus cerastii Wagner, 1951 (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Trichogramma achaeaeNagaraja & Nagarkatti, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The abundance of natural enemies were very low and, virtually, do not occur during the fall-winter seasons. We found no significant difference between the abundance of M. pygmaeus amongst tomato crops from different production mode but D. cerastii was more abundant on greenhouses of biological production mode. Parasitism rate by T. achaeae does not differ between production modes and crop seasons. Considering the major concerns of the growers by the infestation levels of their crops, together with low abundance of native natural enemies, we suggest the use of biological production mode or an inoculative or augmentative strategy to control the pest in intensive and traditional productions modes.
INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF TERPENES AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOTSCHULSKY)
Authors:   Department of Zoology,  National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj Gorakhpur - 273 402, U.P., India, Chaubey Mukesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

Synthetic pesticides are used indiscriminately in insect pest management, which damages the ozone layer and causes resistance in target organisms as well as neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenesis in non-target organisms. Due to these negative consequences, research is now focused on using plant-based techniques to control insect pests. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was tested in the laboratory to determine the insecticidal effects of two pure essential oil constituents, namely α-pinene and β-caryophyllene. These two terpenes were tested against S. zeamais for their toxic, ovipositional, developmental, and feeding inhibitory effects. When S. zeamais adults were fumigated for 24 and 48hrs, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of α-pinene and β-caryophyllene were 0.412 and 0.305 μlcm-3 and 0.486 and 0.315 μlcm-3 air respectively. When S. zeamais adults were exposed for 24 and 48hrs in a contact toxicity assay, the LC50 values for α-pinene and β-caryophyllene were 0.388 and 0.256 μlcm-2 and 0.308 and 0.216 μlcm-2 area respectively. Adults exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of both terpenes experienced decreased acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme activity. In S. zeamais, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene decreased oviposition, progeny output and eating. According to this study, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene can be used to make environmentally acceptable formulations and as a substitute for synthetic insecticides.
Characterization of six new complete mitochondrial genomes of Chiasmodontidae (Scombriformes, Percomorpha) and considerations about the phylogenetic relationships of the family
Authors: Rodrigues-Oliveira Igor Henrique , Pasa Rubens , Menegidio Fabiano Bezerra , Kavalco Karine Frehner
Published: March 2023

The fishes of the Chiasmodontidae family, known as swallower fishes, are species adapted to live in deep seas. Several studies have shown the proximity of this family to Tetragonuridae and Amarsipidae. However, the phylogenetic position of this clade related to other Pelagiaria groups remains uncertain even when phylogenomic studies are employed. Since the low number of published mitogenomes, our study aimed to assemble six new mitochondrial genomes of Chiasmodontidae from database libraries to expand the discussion regarding the phylogeny of this group within Scombriformes. As expected, the composition and organization of mitogenomes were stable among the analyzed species, although we detected repetitive sequences in the D-loop of species of the genus Kali not seen in Chiasmodon, Dysalotus, and Pseudoscopelus. Our phylogeny incorporating 51 mitogenomes from several families of Scombriformes, including nine chiasmodontids, recovered interfamilial relationships well established in previous studies, including a clade containing Chiasmodontidae, Amarsipidae, and Tetragonuridae. However, phylogenetic relationships between larger clades remain unclear, with disagreements between different phylogenomic studies. We argue that such inconsistencies are not only due to biases and limitations in the data but mainly to complex biological events in the adaptive irradiation of Scombriformes after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.
The impact of psychological pricing and sales promotion activities on impulse purchases of clothing in retail stores: Research on consumer behavior in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Matanović Jelena , Klačar Stefan , Popov Boris
Published: March 2023

The impact of psychological pricing and sales promotion activities on impulse purchases of clothing in retail stores: research on consumer behavior in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between psychological pricing and impulsive buying, as well as the tendency towards impulsive buying and the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The two methods of psychological pricing used in this research are: odd prices and promotions and discounts. Impulsive buying is defined as a purchase in which the consumer gets a sudden, often very strong and lasting desire to buy something immediately. The sample consisted of 343 respondents, the battery of tests consisted of: Questionnaire for examining the influence of different methods of psychological pricing on consumer decision-making and behavior, Impulsive buying tendency scale and Questionnaire for examining data on demographic characteristics of respondents. The results showed that promotions and price discounts as a method of psychological pricing have a statistically significant effect on the tendency towards impulsive buying. Also, it was concluded that women are more inclined to impulsive buying of clothing items compared to men. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between respondents of different levels of personal income, satisfaction with personal income and level of education in the tendency towards impulsive buying.
Croatian bećarac as dystopian narrative
Authors: Želinski Ana
Published: March 2023

When analyzing different forms of correlation between utopian and dystopian narratives, several questions should be considered. One of the questions can be whether it is possible to look for utopian or especially dystopian elements within the framework of the minimalist form. Furthermore, another question that arises is whether this kind of analysis can be applied to the ten-verse couplet, which has a specific structure and content. Namely, it is, among other things, conditioned by an artifact and an accurate representation of everyday social events, both those on a macro level and a micro level. Considering this, the paper aims to analyze whether it is possible to read assumptions about the future directions of dehumanization as well as those about the preservation of human freedom and dignity in the minimalist form such as bećarac. For this purpose, the paper will analyze bećarac folk songs with thematic frameworks related to the current pandemic caused by the coronavirus.
Security of wireless keyboards: Threats, vulnerabilities and countermeasures
Authors: Jovanović Siniša , Protić Danijela , Antić Vladimir , Grdović Milena , Bajić Dejan
Published: March 2023

Introduction/purpose: This paper provides an overview of research on computer system vulnerabilities caused by compromised electromagnetic radiation by wireless keyboards. Wireless devices that use event-triggered communication have been shown to have critical privacy issues due to the inherent leakage associated with radio frequency emissions. Wireless connectivity technology is a source of signal emanation that must be protected in terms of performance and security. Methods: Wireless device vulnerabilities and side-channel attacks are observed, along with electromagnetic emission of radio waves. Results: The findings highlight a specific wireless keyboard's security and encryption flaws. The results of penetration testing reveal vulnerabilities of targeted wireless keyboards in terms of outdated firmware, encryption, wireless reliability, and connection strength. Conclusion: Wireless keyboards have security flaws that disrupt radio communication, giving a malicious user complete access to the computer to which the keyboard is connected. An attacker can steal sensitive data by observing how the system works using compromised electromagnetic emissions.
EEG decoding of finger numeral configurations with machine learning
Authors: Salehzadeh Roya , Rivera Brian , Man Kaiwen , Jalili Nader , Soylu Firat
Published: March 2023

In this study, we used multivariate decoding methods to study processing differences between canonical (montring and count) and noncanonical finger numeral configurations (FNCs). While previous research investigated these processing differences using behavioral and event-related potentials (ERP) methods, conventional univariate ERP analyses focus on specific time intervals and electrode sites and fail to capture broader scalp distribution and EEG frequency patterns. To address this issue a supervised learning classifier—support vector machines (SVM)—was used to decode ERP scalp distributions and alpha-band power for montring, counting, and noncanonical FNCs (for integers 1 to 4). The SVM was used to test whether the numerical information presented in FNCs can be decoded from the EEG data. Differences in the magnitude and timing of accuracy rates were used to compare the three types of FNCs. Overall, the algorithm was able to predict numerical information presented in FNCs beyond the random chance level accuracy, with higher rates for ERP scalp distributions than alpha-power. Montring had lower peak accuracy compared to counting and noncanonical configurations, likely due to automaticity in processing montring configurations leading to less distinct scalp distributions for the four numerical magnitudes (1 to 4). Paralleling the response time data, the peak decoding accuracy time for montring was earlier for montring (472 ms), compared to counting (577 ms) and noncanonical FNCs (604 ms). The results provide support for montring configurations being processed automatically, somewhat similar to number symbols, and provide additional insights for processing differences across different forms of FNCs. This study also highlights the strengths of decoding methods in EEG/ERP research on numerical cognition.
A novel residual block: replace Conv1× 1 with Conv3×3 and stack more convolutions
Authors: Hu XiuJian , Sheng Guanglei , Zhang Daohua , Li Lin
Published: March 2023

The residual structure has an important influence on the design of the neural network model. The neural network model based on residual structure has excellent performance in computer vision tasks. However, the performance of classical residual networks is restricted by the size of receptive fields, channel information, spatial information and other factors. In this article, a novel residual structure is proposed. We modify the identity mapping and down-sampling block to get greater effective receptive field, and its excellent performance in channel information fusion and spatial feature extraction is verified by ablation studies. In order to further verify its feature extraction capability, a non-deep convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed and tested on Cifar10 and Cifar100 benchmark platforms using a naive training method. Our network model achieves better performance than other mainstream networks under the same training parameters, the accuracy we achieved is 3.08 percentage point higher than ResNet50 and 1.38 percentage points higher than ResNeXt50. Compared with SeResNet152, it is 0.29 percentage point higher in the case of 50 epochs less training.
Seasonal Incidence of Insect-pests, Natural Enemies and Pollinators of Solanum melongena L. and Correlation between Their Daily Occurrences with Weather Parameters
Authors: Singh R. R. , Jena M. K. , Goudia N.
Published: March 2023

The investigation was carried out at K.V.K Instructional Farm of Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, Odisha, India during the cropping season 2020-21. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), whitefly, and jassid were the most significant pests found in brinjal, Solanum melongena L. while epilachna beetle was of minor importance as it was found in much lower numbers and caused less damage. They were found from 2nd to 16th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). The population of whitefly had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean Relative Humidity (RH). There was a significant negative correlation of population of jassids with evening and mean RH but significant positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. The population of epilachna had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature. BSFB infestation on fruit had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum and mean temperature. There was a significant positive correlation of BSFB infestation on shoot with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant negative correlation with rainfall. The natural enemies found in brinjal ecosystem from 4th to 16th SMW and belonged to ladybird beetles, spiders, preying mantids, black ant, carabid beetle, syrphid flies, damselfly and chrysopids. The population of spiders had significant negative correlation with evening and mean RH but positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. There was a significant negative correlation of population of coccinellids with evening RH. The pollinators recorded from experimental field were honeybee and carpenter bee from 3rd to 16th SMW. Among them, carpenter bee, Xylocopa sp. was the most dominant visitor of brinjal flower in the field and was identified as potentially important in brinjal. The pollinators appeared in higher numbers during the blooming period and was the dominant species found in the field.  The population of honey bees had significant negative correlation with evening RH.
The Supreme Court Is Harming Public Health and the Environment
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Wetter Sarah
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint looks back at the US Supreme Court’s 2021 and 2022 terms and forward to the 2023 term and beyond with a focus on decisions that affect health care, public health and safety, environmental policy, and social equity.
Validation of a Hypoglycemia Risk Stratification Tool Using Data From Continuous Glucose Monitors
Authors: Karter Andrew J. , Parker Melissa M. , Moffet Howard H. , Lipska Kasia J. , Ralston James D. , Huang Elbert S. , Gilliam Lisa K.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study uses data from continuous glucose monitoring to validate a hypoglycemia risk stratification tool.
Thermal Comfort
Authors: Remoaldo Paula , Lopes Hélder , Alves Juliana
Published: March 2023

Thermal comfort is an important concept in the geographic scientific literature. Currently, as a concept its analysis considers the perceptions and sensations of comfort, the redefinition of public space, and the adaptation, mitigation, and resilience of various sectors of activity in coping with climate change (i.e., the tourism, recreation, and leisure sector).
Wearable, Self‐powered, Drug‐Loaded Electronic Microneedles for Accelerated Tissue Repair of Inflammatory Skin Disorders
Authors: Qian Lili , Jin Fei , Wei Zhidong , Li Tong , Sun Ziying , Lai Chengteng , Ma Juan , Xiong Ruiying , Ma Xiying , Wang Fuyi , Sun Fengyu , Zheng Weiying , Dong Wei , Sun Kangjian , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi
Published: March 2023

Electrical stimulation (ES) is widely used in physiological and medical sciences, while its application to treat inflammatory skin diseases (ISDs) remains a challenge owing to their natural pathological cuticle barrier and lack of an effective combination with chemotherapy to achieve specific immunomodulation. Here, a wearable, battery‐free, multi‐component drug‐loaded electronic microneedle (mD‐eMN) system is developed by integrating remodeled metal microneedles loaded with multi‐component chemical drugs and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The system can rapidly release drugs into the site of ISDs and then realize an efficient penetration into cell body and specific immunomodulation under the synergism of pulsed electrons originating from the TENG. Also, the pulsed electrons can promote skin tissue homeostasis reconstruction to alleviate the inflammatory process of ISDs. Sufficient evidence shows that a significant skin inflammation regression of psoriasis (a typical ISDs model) is achieved using the mD‐eMN system compared to traditional ES or chemotherapy alone. This innovative wearable mD‐eMN system provides an effective flexible electronic and chemical drug joint technological platform for the treatment of ISDs, which is not only suitable for the treatment of psoriasis in this study but also maybe for other ISDs such as diabetic ulcers and skin tumors.
Coherent Phonon‐Induced Modulation of Charge Transfer in 2D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi , Qin Xixi , Jana Manoj K. , Janke Svenja M. , Zhong Xiaowei , You Wei , Mitzi David B. , Blum Volker , Gundogdu Kenan
Published: March 2023

Electron–phonon interactions play an essential role in charge transport and transfer processes in semiconductors. For most structures, tailoring electron–phonon interactions for specific functionality remains elusive. Here, it is shown that, in hybrid perovskites, coherent phonon modes can be used to manipulate charge transfer. In the 2D double perovskite, (AE2T)2AgBiI8 (AE2T: 5,5“‐diylbis(amino‐ethyl)‐(2,2”‐(2)thiophene)), the valence band maximum derived from the [Ag0.5Bi0.5I4]2– framework lies in close proximity to the AE2T‐derived HOMO level, thereby forming a type‐II heterostructure. During transient absorption spectroscopy, pulsed excitation creates sustained coherent phonon modes, which periodically modulate the associated electronic levels. Thus, the energy offset at the organic–inorganic interface also oscillates periodically, providing a unique opportunity for modulation of interfacial charge transfer. Density‐functional theory corroborates the mechanism and identifies specific phonon modes as likely drivers of the coherent charge transfer. These observations are a striking example of how electron–phonon interactions can be used to manipulate fundamentally important charge and energy transfer processes in hybrid perovskites.
High‐Performing Quasi‐2D Perovskite Photodetectors with Efficient Charge Transport Network Built from Vertically Orientated and Evenly Distributed 3D‐Like Phases
Authors: Li Bolun , Huang Xi , Wu Xiang , Zuo Qiong , Cao Yunhao , Zhu Qi , Li Yaohui , Xu Yuanhuan , Zheng Guanhaojie , Chen Dongcheng , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Huang Fei , Zhen Hongyu , Hou Lintao , Qing Jian , Cai Wanzhu
Published: March 2023

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) perovskites are emerging as one of the most promising materials for photodetectors. However, a significant challenge to Q‐2D perovskites for photodetection is their insufficient charge transport ability, which is mainly attributed to their hybrid low‐dimensional n‐phase structure. This study demonstrates that evenly‐distributed 3D‐like phases with vertical orientation throughout the film can greatly facilitate charge transport and suppress charge recombination, outperforming the prevalent phase structure with a vertical dimension gradient. Based on such a phase structure, a Q‐2D Ruddlesden−Popper perovskite self‐powered photodetector achieving a combination of exceptional figures‐of‐merit is realized, including a responsivity of 0.45 AW−1, a peak specific detectivity of 2.3 × 1013 Jones, a 156 dB linear dynamic range, and a rise/fall time of 2.89 µs/1.93 µs. The desired phase structure is obtained by utilizing a double‐hole transport layer (HTL), combining hydrophobic PTAA and hydrophilic PEDOT: PSS. Besides, the dependence of the hybrid low‐dimensional phase structure is also identified on the surface energy of the buried HTL substrate. This study gives insight into the correlation between Q‐2D perovskites’ phase structure and performance, providing a valuable design guide for Q‐2D perovskite‐based photodetectors.
Revealing and Eliminating the Light‐Soaking Issue in Metal Oxide‐Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Yi , Peng Ruixiang , Shi Jingyu , Chen Zhenyu , Ge Ziyi
Published: March 2023

Inverted organic solar cells (i‐OSCs) provide an exciting opportunity for commercialization owing to their excellent device air stability. However, light soaking (LS) issue generally occurs in metal oxide based i‐OSCs, causing drastically decreased performance. The underlying root of LS effect is not clearly clarified until now. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface oxygen defects on metal oxide nanoparticles, such as chemisorbed superoxide (O2−) and hydroxide (OH) dangling bonds, are the main reasons for LS issue in i‐OSCs. The O2− layer induces band bending at the cathode interface and increases the work function (WF) of metal oxide, thus leading to inefficient charge transport. The dangling bonds serve as interfacial trap states and cause non‐radiative recombination, thus leading to the reduced open circuit voltage (Voc). With ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the surface oxygen defects are interacted with photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Additionally, UV pretreatment of metal oxide films is employed to eliminate the LS issue and the resulting device yields significantly improved fill factors from 50.20% to 73.50% in the pristine SnO2 based i‐OSCs. This study reveals the origin of LS effect in i‐OSCs and proposes a suggested model for LS mechanism.
Fabrication and Applications of Heterostructure Materials for Broadband Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Lyu Wenhao , An Jiayi , Lin Yucheng , Qiu Pengtianyu , Wang Guangyu , Chao Jiale , Fu Bo
Published: March 2023

Heterostructure materials have attracted increasing attention in optics, medicine, optoelectronics, and electromagnetics, owing to the combination of remarkable properties of various materials. In particular, they have demonstrated the potential to achieve superior performances in ultrafast photonics. In recent years, a variety of ultrafast lasers based on heterostructure materials have been reported, which indicates a promising future in this field. In this review, the main fabrication methods and ultrafast applications of heterostructure materials are summarized. The fabrication methods are divided into mechanical transfer methods and chemical growth methods according to their mechanisms, and the methods and their characteristics are presented in detail. Next, the ultrafast lasers enabled by heterostructure materials in different wavebands as well as their key parameters are systematically introduced. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of heterostructure materials in broadband ultrafast photonics are proposed.
Tailored BiVO4 Photoanode Hydrophobic Microenvironment Enables Water Oxidative H2O2 Accumulation
Authors: Ou Man , Geng Mei , Fang Xiangle , Shao Wenfan , Bai Fenghong , Wan Shipeng , Ye Caichao , Wu Yuping , Chen Yuhui
Published: March 2023

Direct photoelectrochemical 2‐electron water oxidation to renewable H2O2 production on an anode increases the value of solar water splitting. BiVO4 has a theoretical thermodynamic activity trend toward highly selective water oxidation H2O2 formation, but the challenges of competing 4‐electron O2 evolution and H2O2 decomposition reaction need to overcome. The influence of surface microenvironment has never been considered as a possible activity loss factor in the BiVO4‐based system. Herein, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the situ confined O2, where coating BiVO4 with hydrophobic polymers, can regulate the thermodynamic activity aiming for water oxidation H2O2. Also, the hydrophobicity is responsible for the H2O2 production and decomposition process kinetically. Therefore, after the addition of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene on BiVO4 surface, it achieves an average Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81.6% in a wide applied bias region (0.6–2.1 V vs RHE) with the best FE of 85%, which is 4‐time higher than BiVO4 photoanode. The accumulated H2O2 concentration can reach 150 µm at 1.23 V versus RHE under AM 1.5 illumination in 2 h. This concept of modifying the catalyst surface microenvironment via stable polymers provides a new approach to tune the multiple‐electrons competitive reactions in aqueous solution.
What Is Mediation Culture? The (Local) Roots of Your Practice
Authors: Menkel‐Meadow Carrie
Published: March 2023

Does mediation have a culture all its own?
Arbitration's Century Milestone Shows A Path from Skepticism to Ubiquity
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: March 2023

On Sept. 24, 2023, please raise a glass to celebrate the centenary of the first truly international multilateral treaty on arbitration.
Mass Sportrometry: An annual look back at applications of mass spectrometry in sport and exercise science
Authors: Ong Marilyn LY , Green Christopher G , Rowland Samantha N , Heaney Liam M
Published: March 2023

Research in sport and exercise science (SES) is reliant on robust analyses of biomarker measurements to assist with the interpretation of physiological outcomes. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical approach capable of highly sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate analyses of a range of biomolecules, many of which are of interest in SES including, but not limited to, endogenous metabolites, exogenously administered compounds (e.g. supplements), mineral ions, and circulating/tissue proteins. This annual review provides a summary of the applications of MS across studies investigating aspects related to sport or exercise in manuscripts published, or currently in press, in 2022. In total, 93 publications are included and categorized according to their methodologies including targeted analyses, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, and isotope ratio/elemental MS. The advantageous analytical opportunities afforded by MS technologies are discussed across a selection of relevant articles. In addition, considerations for the future of MS in SES, including the need to improve the reporting of assay characteristics and validation data, are discussed, alongside the recommendation for selected current methods to be superseded by MS‐based approaches where appropriate. The review identifies that a targeted, mostly quantitative, approach is the most commonly applied MS approach within SES, although there has also been a keen interest in the use of ‘omics’ to perform hypothesis‐generating research studies. Nonetheless, MS is not commonplace in SES at this time, but its use to expand, and possibly improve, the analytical options should be continually considered to exploit the benefits of analytical chemistry in exercise/sports‐based research. Overall, it is exciting to see the gradually increasing adoption of MS in SES and it is expected that the number, and quality, of MS‐based assays in SES will increase over time, with the potential for 2023 to further establish this technique within the field.
Ein mechanisch konsistenter Ansatz für den Stabilitätsnachweis für Holzträger unter Druck und Biegung um die starke Achse, Teil 1 – Herleitungen
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Wilden Vera , Hoffmeister Benno
Published: March 2023

Der Stabilitätsnachweis von schlanken, auf Biegung um die starke Achse beanspruchten Holzträgern kann mit einer nichtlinearen Computerberechnung oder nach dem Ersatzstabverfahren erfolgen. Jedoch im Vergleich zu einem Querschnittsnachweis nach Theorie 2. Ordnung mit Ersatzimperfektionen führt der Bauteilnachweis für Biegedrillknicken mit Reduktionsfaktoren nach den derzeitigen Regeln zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Nachweisverfahren näher untersucht. Im ersten Teil wird ein mechanisch konsistenter Ansatz für Knickkurven des Biegeknickens und Biegedrillknickens unter Verwendung eines geeigneten eigenformaffinen Imperfektionsansatzes vorgestellt, dessen Ergebnisse mit einer geometrisch nichtlinearen Berechnung nach Theorie 2. Ordnung übereinstimmen. Es wird dargelegt, dass auch die Effekte aus Plastizierung berücksichtigt werden können. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags wird über Ergebnisse von Versuchen zum Biegedrillknicken von Brettschichtholz‐ und Furnierschichtholzträgern mit weitestgehend idealen Randbedingungen und richtungstreuer Lasteinleitung berichtet. Daraus können weitere Imperfektionsgrößen bestätigt oder modifiziert werden, mit denen der hier vorgestellte Knickkurvenansatz für das Biegedrillknicken bedient werden kann.
Targeting a novel apoptotic pathway in human disease
Authors: D'Addio Francesca , Montefusco Laura , Lunati Maria Elena , Pastore Ida , Assi Emma , Petrazzuolo Adriana , Marin Virna , Bruckmann Chiara , Fiorina Paolo
Published: March 2023

Apoptotic pathways have always been regarded as a key‐player in preserving tissue and organ homeostasis. Excessive activation or resistance to activation of cell death signaling may indeed be responsible for several mechanisms of disease, including malignancy and chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting apoptotic factors gained more and more attention in the scientific community and novel strategies emerged aimed at selectively blocking or stimulating cell death signaling. This is also the case for the TMEM219 death receptor, which is activated by a circulating ligand, the Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and induces a caspase‐8‐dependent apoptosis of the target cells. Interestingly, stimulation of the IGFBP3/TMEM219 axis exerts an anti‐proliferative effect, while blockade of the TMEM219 deleterious signal protects TMEM219‐expressing cells of the endocrine pancreas, lung, and intestine from damage and death. Here, we summarize the most updated reports on the role of the IGFBP3/TMEM219 apoptotic axis in disease conditions, including intestinal disorders and diabetes, and we describe the advancements in designing and testing novel TMEM219‐based targeting approaches in emerging potential clinical applications.
Explaining the optimistic performance evaluation of newly proposed methods: A cross‐design validation experiment
Authors: Nießl Christina , Hoffmann Sabine , Ullmann Theresa , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure
Published: March 2023

The constant development of new data analysis methods in many fields of research is accompanied by an increasing awareness that these new methods often perform better in their introductory paper than in subsequent comparison studies conducted by other researchers. We attempt to explain this discrepancy by conducting a systematic experiment that we call “cross‐design validation of methods”. In the experiment, we select two methods designed for the same data analysis task, reproduce the results shown in each paper, and then reevaluate each method based on the study design (i.e., datasets, competing methods, and evaluation criteria) that was used to show the abilities of the other method. We conduct the experiment for two data analysis tasks, namely cancer subtyping using multiomic data and differential gene expression analysis. Three of the four methods included in the experiment indeed perform worse when they are evaluated on the new study design, which is mainly caused by the different datasets. Apart from illustrating the many degrees of freedom existing in the assessment of a method and their effect on its performance, our experiment suggests that the performance discrepancies between original and subsequent papers may not only be caused by the nonneutrality of the authors proposing the new method but also by differences regarding the level of expertise and field of application. Authors of new methods should thus focus not only on a transparent and extensive evaluation but also on comprehensive method documentation that enables the correct use of their methods in subsequent studies.
A comparison of fixed momentary differential reinforcement of other behavior to variable momentary differential reinforcement of other behavior to reduce challenging behavior
Authors: Wilder David A. , Sheppard Christina , Ingram Grant
Published: March 2023

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) is commonly used to reduce behavioral excesses. Momentary DRO schedules involve delivery of reinforcement contingent upon the absence of the target behavior at a given moment. Two variations of momentary DRO exist: fixed‐momentary (FM) DRO and variable‐momentary (VM) DRO. In the current study, we directly compared FM‐DRO and VM‐DRO schedules to reduce challenging behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement exhibited by four children with autism spectrum disorder. The results suggest that both the DRO schedules were equally effective to reduce challenging behavior. A social validity measure showed that most caregivers rated the VM‐DRO as a preferred schedule and noted the potential for FM‐DRO schedule to become more discriminable over time, which could reduce its effectiveness. However, most caregivers also commented that the FM‐DRO schedule was easier to implement.
The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of symptomatic avascular necrosis of bone among Chinese pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hoo Calvin Pui Lun , Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Chan Joyce Pui Kwan , Cheung Yin Ting , Cheng Frankie Wai Tsoi , Chow Terry Tin Wai , Lam Grace Kee See , Ha Sau Yin , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Li Rever Chak Ho , Li Chi Kong
Published: March 2023

Background

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of bone is a debilitating complication of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While it is extensively studied and reported in Western population, studies focused on Orientals are limited. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of AVN among Chinese children with ALL.

Methods

This study is a retrospective, territory‐wide population‐based cohort study of pediatric patients with ALL enrolled on one of the three consecutive ALL study protocols (ALL‐IC‐BFM 2002, CCLG‐ALL 2008, and CCCG‐ALL 2015).

Results

A total of 24 out of 533 pediatric subjects with ALL (4.5%) had symptomatic AVN. Age was the single most important risk factor associated with the development of AVN. Only three patients were below age of 10 at the time of diagnosis of ALL. The incidences of AVN in patients aged above and below 10 years were 18.2% ± 3.6% and 0.8% ± 0.5%, respectively, and were significantly different (p < 0.005). Treatment protocol, immunophenotype, and gender were not predictive of AVN. Among the 24 patients, five required orthopedic interventions in view of progressive and severe disease. For subjects with hip joints involvement, follow‐up assessments showed 12 of 22 hip joints had radiological progression over a median duration of 3.63 years. Seventeen of them did not have pain at the latest follow‐up and among patients with pain (n = 7), five did not experience any limitation on activities of daily living while two required use of walking aids or wheelchair.

Conclusion

The incidence of symptomatic AVN in Chinese ALL patients was comparable to other studies in Western population. Adolescent age more than 10 years old was recognized to be the most important factor for development of AVN. Significant proportion of patients had radiological progression over time with a small percentage of subjects had daily activities affected.
MAPK4 predicts poor prognosis and facilitates the proliferation and migration of glioma through the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Ren Jing , Zheng Shijun , Zhang Lei , Liu Jia , Cao Haowei , Wu Sicheng , Xu Yixin , Sun Jinmin
Published: March 2023

Background

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) is an atypical member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. We report here that MAPK4 is overexpressed in glioma. The clinical significance, biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms through which MAPK4 acts in glioma remain unclear.

Methods

Analysis of MAPK4 expression and associated survival in glioma patients was performed based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases and confirmed in human glioma tissue by immunohistochemistry. MAPK4 function and pathway enrichment were analyzed through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO). The viability and migration ability of MAPK4‐silenced glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells were evaluated using CCK8 and transwell assays, respectively, and cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Immunoblotting was used to analyze the protein level in MAPK4 knockdown glioma cells. We also analyzed the correlation of MAPK4 expression with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints in glioma.

Results

MAPK4 was overexpressed in IDH wild‐type (wt) and 1p/19q non‐codeletion gliomas. MAPK4 expression predicted poor prognosis of glioma patients. MAPK4 was significantly related to functional states, including stemness, metastasis, cell cycle, differentiation and proliferation, in glioma at single‐cell resolution. MAPK4 silencing inhibited proliferation and migration and induced G1 cell cycle arrest in glioma cells via the AKT/mTOR pathway. In vivo, MAPK4 knockdown markedly suppressed the growth of primary glioma. In addition, MAPK4 expression correlated negatively with the infiltration of plasmacytoid DC cells, CD8+ T cells and T helper cells. Moreover, MAPK4 expression correlated positively with expression of the main immunoinhibitor checkpoint molecules and some chemokines in glioma.

Conclusion

MAPK4 functions as a prognostic indicator in glioma and promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells through the AKT/mTOR pathway. MAPK4 may participate in immune infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoints in the glioma microenvironment.
Neurocognitive test performance following cancer among middle‐aged and older adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the SOL‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging Ancillary Study
Authors: Parada Humberto , Pichardo Margaret S. , Gallo Linda C. , Talavera Gregory A. , McDaniels‐Davidson Corinne , Penedo Frank J. , Lee David J. , Tarraf Wassim , Garcia Tayna P. , Daviglus Martha L. , González Hector M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Cancer patients and survivors often experience acute cognitive impairments; however, the long‐term cognitive impact remains unclear particularly among Hispanics/Latinos. We examined the association between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance among middle‐aged and older Hispanic/Latinos.

Methods

Participants included 9639 Hispanic/Latino adults from the community‐based and prospective Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. At baseline (2008–2011; V1), participants self‐reported their cancer history. At V1 and again at a 7‐year follow‐up (2015–2018; V2), trained technicians administered neurocognitive tests including the Brief‐Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B‐SEVLT), Word Fluency Test (WF), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS). We used survey linear regression to estimate the overall, sex‐specific, and cancer site‐specific [i.e., cervix, breast, uterus, and prostate] adjusted associations between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance at V1 and changes from V1 to V2.

Results

At V1, a history of cancer (6.4%) versus no history of cancer (93.6%) was associated with higher WF scores (β = 0.14, SE = 0.06; p = 0.03) and global cognition (β = 0.09, SE = 0.04; p = 0.04). Among women, a history of cervical cancer predicted decreases in SEVLT‐Recall scores (β = −0.31, SE = 0.13; p = 0.02) from V1 to V2, and among men, a history of prostate cancer was associated with higher V1 WF scores (β = 0.29, SE = 0.12; p = 0.02) and predicted increases in SEVLT‐Sum (β = 0.46, SE = 0.22; p = 0.04) from V1 to V2.

Conclusion

Among women, a history of cervical cancer was associated with 7‐year memory decline, which may reflect the impacts of systemic cancer therapies. Among men, however, a history of prostate cancer was associated with improvements in cognitive performance, perhaps due in part to engaging in health promoting behaviors following cancer.
Impacts of pre‐existing diabetes mellitus on colorectal cancer in a mice model
Authors: Lv Yangbo , Lin Shuiquan , Liu Mingsheng , Wang Lihui , Wang Xiaoyu , Cui Li , Xu Jianguang
Published: March 2023

Background

Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC), the impacts of pre‐existing DM on CRC without drug intervention remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on colorectal cancer (CRC). And, to further explore the influencing factors and the mechanisms of DM affects CRC progression.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effects of DM on CRC progression in a streptozotocin‐induced DM mice model. Furthermore, we evaluated the change of T cells levels using flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. We assessed the alternation of gut microbiome and the transcriptional response using 16s rRNA sequencing and RNA‐seq.

Results

Results showed that the mice survival time was significantly decreased in CRC complicated with DM group (DM‐CRC), compared with only tumor bearing mice (CRC group). Furthermore, we found that DM could affect the immune response by changing the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and mucosal‐associated invariant T cell (MAIT) in the CRC progression. In addition, DM could induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and change the transcriptional response in CRC complicated with DM.

Conclusion

For the first time, the effects of DM on CRC were systematically characterized in a mice model. Our findings highlight the effects of pre‐existing DM on CRC, and these findings should facilitate further studies in exploring and developing potentially targeted therapy for CRC in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that the effects induced by DM should be considered in the treatment for CRC complicated with DM patients.
Acute supratentorial subdural hematoma after craniocervical junction arachnolysis in a patient with posttraumatic syringomyelia; case report and literature review
Authors: Eghbal Keyvan , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Shahpari Motlagh Mohammadhadi Amir , Kazeminezhad Ali , Ghaffarpasand Fariborz
Published: March 2023

In patients with SAA rapid CSF drainage while performing durotomy must be avoided by utilizing cotton pads and lowering the head level to avoid catastrophic complications.
Altered cytoplasmic and nuclear ADP‐ribosylation levels analyzed with an improved ADP‐ribose binder are a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Schraml Peter , Aimi Fabio , Zoche Martin , Aguilera‐Garcia Domingo , Arnold Fabian , Moch Holger , Hottiger Michael O
Published: March 2023

ADP‐ribosylation (ADPR) of proteins is catalyzed by ADP‐ribosyltransferases, which are targeted by inhibitors (i.e. poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors [PARPi]). Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells are sensitive in vitro to PARPi, studies on the association between ADPR levels and somatic loss of function mutations in DNA damage repair genes are currently missing. Here we observed, in two clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patient cohorts (n = 257 and n = 241) stained with an engineered ADP‐ribose binding macrodomain (eAf1521), that decreased cytoplasmic ADPR (cyADPR) levels significantly correlated with late tumor stage, high‐ISUP (the International Society of Urological Pathology) grade, presence of necrosis, dense lymphocyte infiltration, and worse patient survival (p < 0.01 each). cyADPR proved to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.001). Comparably, absence of nuclear ADPR staining in ccRCC correlated with absence of PARP1 staining (p < 0.01) and worse patient outcome (p < 0.05). In papillary RCC the absence of cyADPR was also significantly associated with tumor progression and worse patient outcome (p < 0.05 each). To interrogate whether the ADPR status could be associated with genetic alterations in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and histone modulation, we performed DNA sequence analysis and identified a significant association of increased ARID1A mutations in ccRCCcyADPR+++/PARP1+ compared with ccRCCcyADPR−/PARP1− (31% versus 4%; p < 0.05). Collectively, our data suggest the prognostic value of nuclear and cytoplasmic ADPR levels in RCC that might be further influenced by genetic alterations.