bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tittle book: An introduction to qualitative research. Author: Uwe Flick
Authors: Castiblanco Olga , Vizcaino Diego
Published: February 2020

This book is a good referential guide for both novice and experienced researchers because it gives detailed descriptions of qualitative research and offers information that leads to a deeper understanding of the subject. Additionally, it is noted that the book introduces current issues, including ethics in qualitative research, the use of literature in qualitative research, the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research and qualitative online research, in relation to each topic. In the final chapter, the author proposes the future of qualitative research as a combination of art and method.
XXII Semana de la enseñanza de la física
Authors: Monroy Cañon Ignacio Alberto
Published: February 2020

Los trabajos de la radiación de cuerpo negro por Max Planck, las teorías especial y general de la relatividad y los primeros modelos atómicos en los primeros años del siglo XX marcaron el comienzo de uno de los trabajos revolucionarios de las nuevas ideas físicas y la generación de nuevos paradigmas en las ciencias, siendo la base del surgimiento de las nuevas teorías físicas.

Han pasado más de 100 años del nacimiento de la física moderna, y dichas teorías son actualmente parte del currículo en diferentes programas de formación de profesores. Las ideas y conceptos que subyacen a estas teorías han propiciado nuevas maneras de entender el mundo y la realidad. Esto, no solamente en el ámbito académico y científico, sino también en el desarrollo de la vida en sociedad.

Por ello, para profesores y estudiantes, representa un desafío el hecho de integrar estos nuevos imaginarios de mundo, ciencia y sociedad, al desarrollo temático y curricular en programas de ciencias y de enseñanza de las ciencias, particularmente los que forman profesores, quienes tendrán la responsabilidad de atender a las generaciones futuras.

En esta versión de la XXII semana de la Enseñanza de la Física, buscamos construir diálogos entre diferentes formas de asumir este reto, por medio de la socialización de propuestas de enseñanza de la física moderna, sus dificultades las oportunidades que generan para lograr transformaciones en el aula y en la sociedad.
Organizational culture types and individual readiness for change: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Tsalits Aktsar Hamdi , Kismono Gugup
Published: February 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational culture types on individual readiness for change in Indonesia as a country with high collectivism. Specifically, this study examines the effect of four types of culture namely clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy on individual readiness for change. The sample of this study was 264 employees of XYZ Company, a family company in Indonesia that made changes by releasing part of its shares into the stock market. Test results using simple regression support the hypothesis that clan culture and adhocracy have a positive effect on individual readiness for change. However, the influence of market culture and hierarchy on individual readiness for change was also found to be positive instead of negative as hypothesized. Discussions and suggestions for future research are presented.
Enter the Dragon
Authors: Poprzęcka Maria
Published: February 2020

The paper is a reminiscence of my first meeting with the colleagues from the Institute of Art History of Adam Mickiewicz University, which took place at an annual conference of the Association of Art Historians in 1974, titled “Reflection on Art.” Choosing an unusual title, I wanted to convey the impetus with which a group of young art historians from Poznań entered the decent and somewhat stagnant stage of Polish art history. The critique they presented was directed against Polish academic institutions, the problematic of the conference, the empty rituals of academic life, etc. Even though I did not accept all their objections, the heated debate suddenly turned out for me to be a liberating factor, stimulating continuous critical thinking which is an antidote for spiritual and intellectual captivity.
L’Imagination au pouvoir: Art History in the Times of Crisis, 1960s – 1970s
Authors: Turowski Andrzej
Published: February 2020

The present paper is reminiscence and an attempt to reconstruct the intellectual heritage of art history as it was practiced at the University of Poznań in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s in the context of new developments in cultural theory and changing research interests. Besides, it includes the author’s account of his own academic work in that period, began in the 1960s and inspired in particular by the year 1968 that brought a social crisis and a cultural revolution, as well as introduced the element of imagination into academic knowledge and critical thought. The author draws a wide panorama of intellectual stimuli which contributed to an epistemic and methodological turn, first in his own scholarly work and then in the work of some other art historians in Poznań. Those turns opened art history at the University of Poznań to critical reading of artistic practices approached in relation to other social practices and subjects of power. As a result, four key problems were addressed: (1) the position of contemporary art in research and teaching, (2) the necessity to combine detailed historical studies with critical theoretical reflection, (3) the questioning of genre boundaries and ontological statuses of the objects of study and the semantic frames of the work of art, and finally, in connection to the rise of an interdisciplinary perspective, (4) the subversion of the boundaries and identity of art history as an academic discipline. Then the author reconstructs the theoretical background of the “new art history” that emerged some time later, drawing from the writings of Walter Benjamin, the French structuralism, Theodor Adorno’s aesthetic theory, and Louis Althusser’s interpretation of the concept of ideology. Another important problematic was the avant-garde art of Poland and other East-Central European countries, studied in terms of artistic geography and the relations between the center and periphery. The conclusion of the paper presents a framework marked with the names of Aby Warburg and Max Dvořák, which connected the tradition of art history with new developments, took under consideration the seminal element of crisis, and allowed art historians to address a complex network of relations among the artist’s studio, the curator’s practice, the scholar’s study, and the university seminar, as well as the West, the Center, and the East. At last, the author remembers the revolutionary, rebellious spirit and the lesson of imagination that the Poznań art history took from March and May, 1968.
1989. On the Concept of Modernism
Authors: Włodarczyk Wojciech
Published: February 2020

The author argues that the significance of the year 1989 for Polish art was not determined by political changes, but by the rise of postmodernism. Until that moment, the term “modernism” usually referred in academic art history to Polish art at the turn of the 20th century. The concept of postmodernism brought to the Polish language a new meaning of modernism as simply modern art, and more precisely, as modern art defined by Clement Greenberg. That change made it necessary to draw a new map of concepts referring to modern Polish art, most often defined before by the concept of the avant-garde. In Mieczysław Porębski’s essay “Two Programs” [Dwa programy] (1949), and then, since the late 1960s, in Andrzej Turowski’s publications, the concept of the avant-garde was acknowledged as basic for understanding twentieth-century Polish art. The significance of the concept of the avant-garde in reference to the art of the past century in Poland changed after the publication of Piotr Piotrowski’s book of 1999, Meanings of Modernism [Znaczenia modernizmu]. Piotrowski challenged in it the key role of that concept – e.g., Władysław Strzemiński and Henryk Stażewski, usually called avant-gardists before, were considered by him modernists – in favor of a new term, “critical art,” referring to the developments in the 1990. In fact, critical art continued the political heritage of the avant-garde as the radical art of resistance. The author believes that such a set of terms and their meanings imposes on the concept of the avant-garde some limits, as well as suggests that scholars and critics use them rather inconsistently. He argues that concepts should not be treated as just label terms, but they must refer to deeper significance of tendencies in art. He mentions Elżbieta Grabska’s term “realism,” also present in the tradition of studies on modern Polish art, and concludes with a postulate of urgent revision of the relevant vocabulary of Polish art history.
Remarks on the “Margin”
Authors: Włodarczyk Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Remarks on the “Margin”
Facing the Work of Art. Memories of My Student Years
Authors: Skubiszewski Piotr
Published: February 2020

The present essay includes the author’s memories of his university studies and the intellectual formation that he received as a student of art history at the University of Poznań in 1949-1954. His first professor who opened to him the door to art history and exerted on him a strong intellectual influence, was Szczęsny Dettloff, a disciple of Heinrich Wölfflin in Munich and Max Dvořák in Vienna. Dettloff taught his students that the foundation of studying art in history is the study of the form of an individual artwork He believed that without a proper analysis of form it is impossible to construct appropriate series of the works of art and specify their position in the culture of the times of their origin. Similar sensitivity to form and the understanding of its significance for the art historian’s work were represented by two other professors important for the author, both educated by Dettloff already before World War II: Gwido Chmarzyński and Zdzisław Kępiński. When in 1957-1968 the author was a postgraduate student in the Centre d’Études Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale at the University of Poitiers (CÉSCM), it turned out that the local methodological tradition was similar to what he had learned in Poznań before. The CÉSCM was founded as a multidisciplinary institute for the study of the Middle Ages, combining history, art history, literary history, and the history of ideas. It was important that one of them could shed light on an object studied by another, but each of them, including art history, kept its material and methodological identity. In the French tradition, art history had an “autonomous” status, focusing on artistic creation as a special sphere of human activity. That idea influenced also quite strongly the study of medieval architecture, originated in the early 19th century by Arcisse de Caumont, and continued until today by many generations of French scholars. What is characteristic of their research is meticulous analysis of form, articulated with a precise, detailed, and comprehensive specialist vocabulary. The lectures of French scholars on medieval architecture, which the author attended in Paris and Poitiers, taught him precision in the analysis of the artwork’s structure and its components, as well as responsibility for every single statement made on art. For a young art historian who did not specialize in architecture but in representational arts, that French experience was a lesson of methodological rigor necessary in the intellectual pursuits of the humanities scholar.
Michała Walickiego i Juliusza Starzyńskiego „Dzieje sztuki polskiej” w II Rzeczypospolitej. Zachód, Polska, Wschód
Authors: Labuda Adam S.
Published: February 2020

Writing an academic history of Polish art was an urgent task of art historians after World War I, when the country regained its political independence. An important and creditable achievement in that respect was a study by Michał Walicki and Juliusz Starzyński, published in 1934 as a kind of supplement to the monumental Geschichte der Kunst von der altchristlichen Zeit bis zur Gegenwart by the Marburg historian Richard Hamann, translated at that time into Polish. In 1936, the work of the Polish scholars was published again in the form of a separate book. The paper focuses on three problems that were addressed in it: the cultural and artistic ties of Poland to the West, the vernacular features of Polish art, and the presence of the “Eastern art” in Polish artistic heritage. The author examines also the question whether those issues were related to the political, social, and cultural reality of the Second Polish Republic.
Na marginesie artykułu Wojciecha Włodarczyka „Rok 1989 – wokół pojęcia modernizmu”
Authors: Turowski Andrzej
Published: February 2020

Na marginesie artykułu Wojciecha Włodarczyka „Rok 1989 – wokół pojęcia modernizmu”
Turning Points, Crises, Evolutions
Authors: Bałus Wojciech
Published: February 2020

When Aristotle asked at what particular moment we can say that an army is fleeing, which is certainly not when individual soldiers start leaving the battlefield, he formulated a problem that is important also for today’s art history: are there any moments in the history of art that can be called turning points? In individual artistic careers, such points are related to crises, allowing the artist to overcome an impasse and find a way toward reaching a goal. Quite often, such a turn occurs suddenly, at some particular moment which ancient Greeks called the kairos. The changes in art approached en bloc also happen thanks to the background of values and some goal of artistic creation. A turning point may imply overcoming a crisis or a period of decline and decadence – always a state of affairs defined in negative terms. A separate case is definitely a political decree that triggers off a change, which implies violence committed on culture. Finally, in academic art history a turning point may be related not only with a crisis, but also with evolution. It’s perception is relative, but because of that the history of art can be rewritten.
Sample Size Calculation in Economic Experiments
Authors: Grüner Sven
Published: February 2020

Clinical studies and economic experiments are often conducted with randomized controlled trials. In clinical studies, power calculations are carried out as a standard. But what’s about economic experiments? After describing the basic idea of the calculation procedure in a brief tutorial, I tackle the practice of sample size calculations in the field of experimental economics by considering the publications of 5 economic journals in the period 2000–2018. These are two top-ranked economic journals (Quarterly Journal of Economics and American Economic Review), the leading field journals in the area of experimental economics (Experimental Economics) and behavioral sciences (Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization), and a leading field journal in environmental economics (Environmental and Resource Economics). In contrast to clinical drug trials, sample size calculations have rarely been carried out by experimental economists. But the number of power calculations has slightly increased in recent years, especially in the top-ranked journals of economics. However, this can be partly explained by the fact that field experiments (in which scholars pay more attention to power analyses than in lab experiments these days) play an important role in these journals.
164 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on tungsten ditelluride
Authors: Liu Mengli , Liu Wenjun , Liu Ximei , Ouyang Yuyi , Wei Zhiyi
Published: February 2020

In recent years, the diversity of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has made them occupy the essential status in the exploration of saturable absorbing materials. WTe2, also an important member of TMDs not only exhibits narrower band gap than MoS2 or WS2, but also has fast relaxation time, thus it has advantages in the realization of broadband absorption and ultrashort pulses. In this work, a WTe2 saturable absorber (SA) fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology features nonlinear absorption coefficient of −3.78 × 10−5 cm/W and modulation depth of 37.95%. After integrating this WTe2 SA into the ring cavity, a 164 fs mode-locked laser is achieved at 1557.71 nm. The laser remains stable about 8 h with an output power of 36.7 mW. The results show the favorable saturable absorption properties of WTe2, and further demonstrate the potential of WTe2 in the realization of ultrashort pulses, which indicates that WTe2 can be regarded as a possible candidate for future ultrafast lasers.
Enhancing the generating and collecting efficiency of single particle upconverting luminescence at low power excitation
Authors: Ma Chenshuo , Shan Chunyan , Park Kevin , Mok Aaron T. , Antonick Paul J. , Yang Xusan
Published: February 2020

Upconverting luminescent nanoparticles are photostable, nonblinking, and low chemically toxic fluorophores that are emerging as promising fluorescent probes at the single molecule level. High luminescence intensity upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have previously been achieved by doping with high amounts of rare-earth ions using high excitation power (>2.5 MW/cm2). However, such particles are inadequate for in vitro live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking, as high excitation power can cause photodamage. Here, we compared UCNP luminescence intensities with different dopant concentrations and presented more efficient (about seven times) UCNPs at low excitation power by increasing the concentrations of Yb3+ and Tm3+ dopants (NaYF4: 60% Yb3+, 8% Tm3+) and adding a core-shell structure.
The crystal structure of 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione, C16H18O5
Authors: Zeng Wu-Lan , Wang Xia , Yi-Ming Hong
Published: February 2020

C16H18O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.281(2) Å, b = 12.321(3) Å, c = 10.630(2) Å, β = 101.07(3)°, V = 1450.1(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0421, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1123, T = 293(2) K.
Acetylcholine Modulates Cerebellar Granule Cell Spiking by Regulating the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition
Authors: Fore Taylor R. , Taylor Benjamin N. , Brunel Nicolas , Hull Court
Published: February 2020

Sensorimotor integration in the cerebellum is essential for refining motor output, and the first stage of this processing occurs in the granule cell layer. Recent evidence suggests that granule cell layer synaptic integration can be contextually modified, although the circuit mechanisms that could mediate such modulation remain largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of ACh in regulating granule cell layer synaptic integration in male rats and mice of both sexes. We find that Golgi cells, interneurons that provide the sole source of inhibition to the granule cell layer, express both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. While acute ACh application can modestly depolarize some Golgi cells, the net effect of longer, optogenetically induced ACh release is to strongly hyperpolarize Golgi cells. Golgi cell hyperpolarization by ACh leads to a significant reduction in both tonic and evoked granule cell synaptic inhibition. ACh also reduces glutamate release from mossy fibers by acting on presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Surprisingly, despite these consistent effects on Golgi cells and mossy fibers, ACh can either increase or decrease the spike probability of granule cells as measured by noninvasive cell-attached recordings. By constructing an integrate-and-fire model of granule cell layer population activity, we find that the direction of spike rate modulation can be accounted for predominately by the initial balance of excitation and inhibition onto individual granule cells. Together, these experiments demonstrate that ACh can modulate population-level granule cell responses by altering the ratios of excitation and inhibition at the first stage of cerebellar processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum plays a key role in motor control and motor learning. While it is known that behavioral context can modify motor learning, the circuit basis of such modulation has remained unclear. Here we find that a key neuromodulator, ACh, can alter the balance of excitation and inhibition at the first stage of cerebellar processing. These results suggest that ACh could play a key role in altering cerebellar learning by modifying how sensorimotor input is represented at the input layer of the cerebellum.
The ONWARD Project and Native Voices
Authors: Fischer-Olson Allison H. , Perrott Claire
Published: February 2020

The ONWARD Project is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to sharing the stories and materials associated with the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition (RBMVE), a 1930s multidisciplinary expedition through the Southwest. This case study will explore The ONWARD Project’s strategies and experiences in compensating for the lack of Native voices and perspectives in the archival materials from the RBMVE. Discussion is framed around experiences with seeking the identities of unnamed people in historical photographs through community outreach at the 2016 Navajo Nation Fair in Window Rock, Arizona. This paper addresses the way in which The ONWARD Project has developed and implemented a collaborative methodology meant to work against lasting effects of colonialism found in archives and specifically, how it brings Native voices back to photographic material.
Evolution Rapidly Optimizes Stability and Aggregation in Lattice Proteins Despite Pervasive Landscape Valleys and Mazes
Authors: Bertram Jason , Masel Joanna
Published: February 2020

The fitness landscapes of genetic sequences are high-dimensional and “rugged” due to sign epistasis. Empirical limitations and the abstractness of many landscape models limit our understanding of how ruggedness shapes the mode and tempo...

The “fitness” landscapes of genetic sequences are characterized by high dimensionality and “ruggedness” due to sign epistasis. Ascending from low to high fitness on such landscapes can be difficult because adaptive trajectories get stuck at low-fitness local peaks. Compounding matters, recent theoretical arguments have proposed that extremely long, winding adaptive paths may be required to reach even local peaks: a “maze-like” landscape topography. The extent to which peaks and mazes shape the mode and tempo of evolution is poorly understood, due to empirical limitations and the abstractness of many landscape models. We explore the prevalence, scale, and evolutionary consequences of landscape mazes in a biophysically grounded computational model of protein evolution that captures the “frustration” between “stability” and aggregation propensity. Our stability-aggregation landscape exhibits extensive sign epistasis and local peaks galore. Although this frequently obstructs adaptive ascent to high fitness and virtually eliminates reproducibility of evolutionary outcomes, many adaptive paths do successfully complete the ascent from low to high fitness, with hydrophobicity a critical mediator of success. These successful paths exhibit maze-like properties on a global landscape scale, in which taking an indirect path helps to avoid low-fitness local peaks. This delicate balance of “hard but possible” adaptation could occur more broadly in other biological settings where competing interactions and frustration are important.
Presentness
Authors: Chávez Alex E.
Published: February 2020

Typically, the structures of consciousness in how we experience time—or the broader phenomenological question of temporality—divide said experience into past, present, and future. These distinctions are not self-evident; rather, they are shaped by politics, institutions, society, economy, and so forth. Indeed, in his expressed engagement with historical materialism, Walter Benjamin claims that history—as one such structuring of temporality—is neither ideal nor causal, discrete nor universal, determined by the past nor exclusive to the future. Rather, it is a living process of present-future-pasts folding in on themselves. And a “real state of emergency”—recall that he wrote Theses on the Philosophy of History in early 1940 in France, where he was living in exile, having escaped Hitler’s Nazi regime—lays bare this fold of history, for its temporality is one that disrupts the anticipatory relation to the future as a type of progress and with it also the normalization of injustice as a necessity in history.

The critical temporality Benjamin proposes resists the notion that the past can be understood exclusively in the precise moment in which it is recognized (frozen as an eternal image). In other words, historical moments are often naturalized, petrified as objective elements of our reality, and this reification—or estrangement from the totality—mirrors the logics of commodity fetishism. The task, in turn, is to illuminate how history is not a congealed “thing” and thus release its existence as process so that we may see ourselves in the totality of history rather than merely as its reified products. This critical temporality is an imperative that makes clear our agentive relation in creating the possible. This active sensing of the temporal, as it were, is where I turn my attention. I offer this meditation on presentness as an epistemological horizon, drawing on my work on both the ephemerality of performance and its politicized relationship to the US-Mexico border.
Recognition and Reparations Reconsidered: Lessons from Germany
Authors: Reiter Bernd
Published: February 2020

Racial justice in the United States, and indeed throughout the Americas, can be achieved only by addressing and rectifying the wrongs done in the past to the descendants of African slaves. This is so because under conditions of free market competition, past inequalities and disparities in wealth and asset holding tend to be reproduced and even reinforced in the present. As the US economist Fred Hirsch has shown, under free market conditions, there is no catching up with those who entered competitive markets earlier or with more assets. The benefits of addressing past wrongs with policies of material reparations and symbolic recognition can be understood by comparing the United States to Germany, which has not only paid reparations to Holocaust survivors and the descendants of Jewish slave laborers but also outlawed any public display of any symbols glorifying the horrors enacted in the past.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МЕТАЛУРГІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ: НАПРЯМИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ВЕНГЕР Віталій , ХАУСТОВ Володимир
Published: February 2020

Сучасні тенденції економічного розвитку свідчать, що основою економіки багатьох передових країн є базові галузі промисловості, у тому числі й чорна металургія, а її продукція продовжує залишатися головним конструкційним матеріалом у світі.Показано, що вітчизняна металургійна галузь робить значний внесок у виробництво ВНП і зовнішню торгівлю. Головним джерелом функціонування вітчизняних металургійних підприємств є сировинна база, основу якої становлять значні запаси залізної руди, кам’яного вугілля та металобрухту.Доведено, що орієнтація металургійної галузі на пріоритетне задоволення зовнішнього попиту зробила її залежною від кон?юнктури на світовому ринку металопродукції, який сьогодні характеризується жорсткою конкуренцією через постійне зростання нових виробничих потужностей.Виявлено, що головною передумовою посилення конкуренції на світовому ринку металопродукції стала інноваційна перебудова металургійних підприємств, в основу якої було покладено скорочення застарілих виробничих потужностей з випуску сталі та будівництво нових, більш компактних виробництв з випуску кінцевої продукції з високою доданою вартістю.Показано, що, на відміну від розвинутих країн і країн, які розвиваються, Україна не будувала технічно нових виробництв (за винятком заводу «Інтерпайп Сталь») у секторі чорної металургії. У підсумку на більшості вітчизняних підприємств спостерігаються високі фізична спрацьованість і моральна застарілість устаткування. Використання відсталих технологій у галузі зумовлює колосальну енергомісткість екологічно шкідливого виробництва та призводить до неефективного споживання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів і, як наслідок, до зниження конкурентоспроможності української металопродукції.Для розвитку вітчизняної металургії в руслі світових тенденцій запропоновано розробити перелік заходів щодо поетапної модернізації виробничих потужностей, які полягають у заміні застарілих мартенівських печей новими електрометалургійними заводами.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ
Authors: ІЛЬЇНА Марія , ШПИЛЬОВА Юлія
Published: February 2020

Показано, що низький рівень життя населення, спад економічної активності на сільських територіях в Україні ускладнюють досягнення системної єдності господарської, соціальної та екологічної компонент сталого розвитку. Дисбаланс між цими складовими призводить до поглиблення екологічних проблем і погіршення умов відтворення людського капіталу. Метою статті є науково-практичне обґрунтування змісту та сутності соціально-екологічних імперативів як норм, вимог щодо господарської діяльності з огляду на цілі підвищення ефективності використання природних ресурсів і збереження екосистемної цілісності територій.Розкрито, що економічні імперативи відображають сукупність правил поведінки всіх суб’єктів економічної діяльності, які функціонують у межах чинного нормативно-правового поля, з урахуванням різних факторів, у тому числі іманентної дії. Основні виклики, які є найактуальнішими для суспільства в конкретний період часу та формують настанови на вирішення проблем соціальних відносин і взаємодії, визначають структуру та зміст соціальних імперативів. Екологічні імперативи у формальний і неформальний способи регулюють антропогенну діяльність, впливають на зміни в навколишньому природному середовищі, є динамічними і можуть змінюватися залежно від рівня розвитку суспільства, його технологій, добробуту, інституційного середовища. Закономірності та принципи суспільного розвитку, узагальнені у формі імперативів, окреслюють цільові орієнтири та національні пріоритети модернізації економіки і поліпшення середовища життєдіяльності.Окреслено, що просторова диференціація територій враховує їх наближеність до міських центрів, міру економічної спроможності, наявність соціальної інфраструктури належної якості та задовільність екологічного стану. Показано, що іншим важливим параметром є наявність активів – сукупності ресурсів території, потенціалу та можливостей їх використання. Досягнення національних пріоритетів в Україні сьогодні ускладнене неефективним використанням територіальних активів. Соціально-екологічні імперативи є ціннісно-нормативною основою для формування політики місцевого розвитку, одним з етапів якої є взаємопов’язана диференціація пріоритетів, типів територій і наявних активів.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Garcia-Guimarães Marcos , Bastante Teresa , Antuña Paula , Jimenez César , de la Cuerda Francisco , Cuesta Javier , Rivero Fernando , Premawardhana Diluka , Adlam David , Alfonso Fernando
Published: February 2020

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relatively infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome that usually affects young to middle-aged women. Mainly because of its low prevalence, until recently, most of the evidence on this condition was derived from case reports and small series. Over the last 5 years, more robust evidence has become available from larger retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients with SCAD. The increase in knowledge and recognition of this entity has led to the publication of expert consensus on both sides of the Atlantic. However, new data are continuously accumulating from larger cohorts of patients with SCAD, bringing new light to this little-understood condition. The aim of this article is to update the knowledge on SCAD, including new information from recent studies published since the consensus documents from the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.
All Nets are Equal, But Some Nets are More Equal Than Others
Authors: Rowland Mark
Published: February 2020

Much of the dramatic decline in malaria in sub-Saharan Africa since 2000 is due to the massive investment in long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN). According to the latest figures from the World Health Organization (WHO), over half of Africa's population now has access to LLIN,
increasing from 33% in 2010 to 57% in 2019 (WHO 2019). In 2018 alone, 197 million LLINs were delivered to Africa by manufacturers. Despite this, LLIN coverage has improved only marginally since 2015. The malaria burden worldwide has fallen only slightly from an estimated 231 million cases
of malaria in 2017 to 228 million in 2018, and is at a standstill in Africa. WHO policy is to assess candidate 2nd-in-class products for entomological efficacy only. Due to the significant variation in the specifications of the candidates, to generate the required assurance of comparative
performance to 1st in class, WHO has designed a non-inferiority trial design to demonstrate whether each candidate 2nd-in-class test product is no worse in experimental hut trials.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Melalui Alat Permainan Simpai pada Anak Kelompok A di Taman Kanak-Kanak Dharma Wanita Bangun Ungging Mojokerto
Authors: Zahroh Amilatul , Aziz Yahya , Sucipto Dwijo Al Qudus Nofiandri Eko
Published: February 2020

The background of this research is that gross motoric activities in schools are rarely carried out due to the limited facilities and infrastructure owned by the school. The solution to overcome this problem is the application of the hoop game tool. This study aims to determine the application of hulahoop playing tools as an effort to increase gross motor skills in group A children at Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto. The formulation of the problem in this study include: 1) How to apply the hoop game tool to improve gross motor skills in group A children in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto? 2) How to increase gross motor skills through hoop playing tools in group A children at Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Bangun Pungging Mojokerto? This type of research is classroom action research which aims to improve the quality of learning by using the Kemmis & Taggart spiral model action research. The study was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle is held for three meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages: the planning, implementation, observation and  reflection stages. The subjects in this study were children of group A totaling 17 students consisting of 8 male students and 9 female students. Data collection techniques used in this study are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study can be explained as follows: 1) the application of the hoop game runs well in Cycle II. This can be seen in the results of observations of teacher activities in Cycle I, namely 80 (good) and in Cycle II it increased to 86.66 (very good). The results of observation of student activities in Cycle I were 75 (good) and in Cycle II it rose to 88.33 (very good). 2) increase in gross motor skills based on the average grade of the 59.70 (sufficient) pre cycle, in the cycle up to 69.70 (enough) and in Cycle II it increased to 91.47 (very good). Whereas gross motor percentage at pre cycle was 23.52% (Undeveloped), in Cycle I it was 52.94% (Start developing) and in Cycle II it increased significantly to 88.23% (Developing Very Good).
Pengaruh Pemberian Reward Stiker Bintang Terhadap Percaya Diri Anak Kelompok B di TK Thoriqussalam Sidoarjo
Authors: Munawaroh Zia Anggraeni
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by the confidence of children in Thoriqussalam kindergarten who have not developed well. This is evidenced by the results of the pretest which shows 11 out of 15 children have not developed their confidence. This study aims to determine the level of confidence of children B before and after it is given assistance in the form of star stickers and to understand the stickers of children B in Thoriqussalam Sidoarjo kindergarten. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods with experimental research models. The form of experiment used is Quasi Experimental with Non Equivalent Control Group Design. From this design, this research is an experimental group that gets help and a control group that doesn't get help. The results obtained are based on the pretest and posttest of the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The initial control of children's confidence before awarding the star stickers has not yet developed in the research or control group, this is evidenced by the results of the pretest that 11 of the 15 experimental group children received an undeveloped score of 1 and 10 out of 15 control children get a value of 1 which means not yet developed. 2) The final condition of self-confidence The child for giving a star prize is very different from the pretest in the experimental group or the control group, this is evidenced by the results of the posttest in the experimental group. 11 out of 15 children get a value of 4 which results in very good development. 3) Giving a star sticker prize agrees to the confidence of the children of Thoriqussalam Sidoarjo Kindergarten B, this is evidenced by Uhitung = 4 and Utabel = 64 with the terms that support Uhitung <Utabel then reject H0 and Ha are approved
Makna Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Perspektif Fisik Dan Mental
Authors: Rihlah Jauharotur
Published: February 2020

Growth (growth) is an increase in the size of various organs that can be measured by the size of weight (grams, kilograms) or length (centimeters, meters). Development (development) is the increase in the ability or expertise in the structure and function of the body more complex, in an orderly pattern, as a result of the process of maturation. Keep in mind that the growth and development of each individual is unique. This is caused by several factors including genetic factors (heredity), environment (whether biological or psychological) and behavior (state / behavior in the family). For optimal growth and development of children, the environment must be considered, it must support the biological and psychological health of children, nutrition, must be sufficient and balanced, regularity to health services includes, providing immunization, rest and sleep must be sufficient and avoid fatigue. By using the content analysis method and documentary study, this research seeks to describe the meaning of early childhood growth and development stimulation in physical and mental perspectives. Appropriate stimulation will further optimize multi aspects in children, especially in terms of physical and mental.
Pengelolaan Kelas Terhadap Siswa Tuna Rungu-Wicara Di Kelompok A1 PGRA Mamba’ul Hisan
Authors: Rahmawati Aprilia , Juhaeni Juhaeni , Aisah Siti , Kinasih Ayu , Shibyany Nur
Published: February 2020

Children with special needs including children who are deaf-speech are children who have the right to get teaching and develop according to their potential. Like normal children in general, children who are deaf-mute have problems that must be resolved so that they can perform maximally. One of them is by providing education. Education is very important in life to eradicate ignorance. Teachers and parents must also be seen in the teaching process of students. For this reason, class management must also be in accordance with the conditions of students so that students are interested and can follow the learning well and in accordance with what is expected
Permainan Dadu pada Pengembangan Perilaku Prososial Anak di RA An-Nur Kota Kendari
Authors: Hewi La , Surpida Surpida
Published: February 2020

The game can not be separated from learning in early childhood. Games that involve several children will establish social relationships between one child and another child. PAUD unit educators pay less attention to stimulation in the development of prosocial behavior of children but most educators focus on providing stimulation for cognitive aspects, language and religious and moral values ​​as an important aspect of development to be stimulated. The dice game is used to stimulate the development of prosocial behavior of early childhood group A RA An-Nur, Kendari City. The research method used is action research. The model chosen for action is the Kemmis and Taggart cycle which has four stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. Data on the development of a child's prosocial behavior were obtained through observation and subsequent documentation analyzed using a percentage. The study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle having three meetings. The results showed that dice games can improve the development of prosocial behavior in early childhood.
“Myths Making”: Western View of Soviet/Russian Historical Memory (Book Review: Davis, V. Myth Making in the Soviet Union and Modern Russia: Remembering World War Two in Brezhnev’s Hero City [Text] / V. Davis. – London : I.B. Taurus, 2018. – 351 p.)
Authors: Popov Aleksey , Romanko Oleg
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The publication is a review of the monograph of British researcher V. Davis, dedicated to the Soviet and Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War in the hero city of Novorossiysk.

Methods and materials. Based on a significant set of published materials and oral interviews, the author characterizes discourse, memorials, and practices related to the genesis and subsequent development of the “myth about Malaya Zemlya”. From the methodological point of view, the peer-reviewed monograph is written from the position of the popular direction of memory studies in the West and is characterized by interdisciplinarity, increased attention to the analysis of memorial discourse, visual representations and social practices, while completely ignoring the complex of archival sources on the research topic.

Analysis and Results. The main conclusion of the author is that through its association with L.I. Brezhnev’s biography during his reign, the “malozemelniy myth” became an important part of not only local but also national historical memory. Generally, the reviewed book is a valuable contribution to the study of the collective memory of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet and Post-Soviet period, and the debatable nature of its individual provisions can serve as an incentive for the emergence of new studies. The main disadvantage of the book in terms of its scientific significance is the author’s desire to impose on the reader non-obvious political conclusions about the total mythology of the Soviet/Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the permanent militarism of public consciousness in the USSR/Russia.
About Ancient Ceramic Traditions of the Population of the Northern Caspian Region
Authors: Vybornov Aleksandr , Vasilyeva Irina , Kulkova Marianna , Oinonen Markku , Possnert Göran , Nesterova Larisa
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The territory of the Northern Caspian region plays an important role in the study of the Neolithic of Eastern Europe. The main criterion of this period is clay pottery. One of the difficult issues is the time of the ceramic technology appearance. Methods and materials. The study of the pottery technology of the Neolithic population of the Northern Caspian region is carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach to the study of ceramics, according to the method of A. Bobrinsky. The technique is based on binocular microscopy, tracology and experiment in the form of physical modeling. The basis for identifying technological traces on ceramics is the comparative analysis of the vessels under study with the base of standards. It is made by means of physical modeling in field and laboratory conditions. The age of the Neolithic monuments was determined using traditional methods in radiocarbon laboratories in Russia and Ukraine, as well as using AMS at universities in Sweden and Finland. Analysis. Over the past 10 years, more than 68 radiocarbon dates on different materials such as charcoal, bones, organics from ceramics, charred crusts, humus have been obtained. They give the possibility to determine the time of appearance and spread of the earliest pottery in the Northern Caspian region. This is the middle 7th millennium BC. The chronological framework for the development of the Neolithic in the Northern Caspian region is ca. 6600–5500 BC. The paper establishes the main and specific features of ceramic traditions. Results.The technical and technological analysis allows to reveal the genesis, the features of dynamics and further development of pottery in this region. The complex of results obtained allows to attribute the Neolithic sites of the Caspian region to the earliest pottery areal in Eastern Europe.
Cannon Gunnery of Designer I.A. Makhanov: Development, Implementation, Combat Use in the 1930s – 1950s
Authors: Kleitman Alexander , Tyumentsev Igor
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article provides an analysis of the scientific and technical activities of I.A. Makhanov – one of the leading domestic designers, head of the experimental design bureau of the Kirov (former Putilovskiy) plant, who developed several new types of artillery weapons in the 1930s. I.A. Makhanov was repressed in 1939, and therefore his contribution to strengthening the defense of the USSR on the eve and at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was forgotten.

Methods and materials. Unpublished memoirs of I.A. Makhanov written in the 1950s – 1970s, which are currently being prepared for publication, were used as one of the main sources.

Analysis. In the course of the study, it was found that under the guidance of I.A. Makhanov, in addition to experimental guns, which due to design flaws were never put into serial production (L-1, L-2), the universal gun L-3, the tank guns L-10 and L-11, and the casemate gun L-17 were developed, which in their characteristics were not inferior to other Soviet and foreign models. The fact that they were not accepted into service (L-3) or were quickly removed from service and replaced with the tools of other design bureaus (L-11 and L-17) can only be explained by the struggle of groups for the influence and power within the Soviet and party nomenclature in the 1930s.

Results. Using I.A. Makhanov’s achievements in the development of artillery guns, as well as the continued work of the artillery design bureau of the Kirov plant, would have had a positive effect on the course of the Great Patriotic War and on the development of the Soviet scientific and technical sphere in the war and post-war time.
ORDINANCE NO. 53/2017 FROM AUGUST 4th, 2017. COMBATING UNLAWFUL LABOR, MODIFICATIONS OF IMPACT OF THE ROMANIAN LABOR CODE UNDER THE EMERGENCY
Authors: Micle Ioan
Published: February 2020

By Law no. 40 / 2011de modification of art. 16 par. (1) of the Labor Code has been radically changed as to the legal nature of the form of the individual labor contract. This has been changed from a test condition of the contract (ad ptobationem) to a validity (ad valitatem) Amendments to the Labor Code, by Emergency Ordinance No. 53/2017 of 4 August 2017, have as main purpose the fight against undeclared work, including during the duration of the employment contract