bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renaissance of base deficit for the initial assessment of trauma patients: a base deficit-based classification for hypovolemic shock developed on data from 16,305 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Mutschler Manuel , Nienaber Ulrike , Brockamp Thomas , Wafaisade Arasch , Fabian Tobias , Paffrath Thomas , Bouillon Bertil , Maegele Marc ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: March 2013

Introduction

The recognition and management of hypovolemic shock still remain an important task during initial trauma assessment. Recently, we have questioned the validity of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) classification of hypovolemic shock by demonstrating that the suggested combination of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and Glasgow Coma Scale displays substantial deficits in reflecting clinical reality. The aim of this study was to introduce and validate a new classification of hypovolemic shock based upon base deficit (BD) at emergency department (ED) arrival.

Methods

Between 2002 and 2010, 16,305 patients were retrieved from the TraumaRegister DGU® database, classified into four strata of worsening BD [class I (BD ≤ 2 mmol/l), class II (BD > 2.0 to 6.0 mmol/l), class III (BD > 6.0 to 10 mmol/l) and class IV (BD > 10 mmol/l)] and assessed for demographics, injury characteristics, transfusion requirements and fluid resuscitation. This new BD-based classification was validated to the current ATLS classification of hypovolemic shock.

Results

With worsening of BD, injury severity score (ISS) increased in a step-wise pattern from 19.1 (± 11.9) in class I to 36.7 (± 17.6) in class IV, while mortality increased in parallel from 7.4% to 51.5%. Decreasing hemoglobin and prothrombin ratios as well as the amount of transfusions and fluid resuscitation paralleled the increasing frequency of hypovolemic shock within the four classes. The number of blood units transfused increased from 1.5 (± 5.9) in class I patients to 20.3 (± 27.3) in class IV patients. Massive transfusion rates increased from 5% in class I to 52% in class IV. The new introduced BD-based classification of hypovolemic shock discriminated transfusion requirements, massive transfusion and mortality rates significantly better compared to the conventional ATLS classification of hypovolemic shock (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

BD may be superior to the current ATLS classification of hypovolemic shock in identifying the presence of hypovolemic shock and in risk stratifying patients in need of early blood product transfusion.
Development of fully defined xeno-free culture system for the preparation and propagation of cell therapy-compliant human adipose stem cells
Authors: Patrikoski Mimmi , Juntunen Miia , Boucher Shayne , Campbell Andrew , Vemuri Mohan C , Mannerström Bettina , Miettinen Susanna
Published: March 2013

Introduction

Adipose tissue is an attractive and abundant source of multipotent stem cells. Human adipose stem cells (ASCs) have shown to have therapeutic relevancy in diverse clinical applications. Nevertheless, expansion of ASCs is often necessary before performing clinical studies. Standard in vitro cell-culture techniques use animal-derived reagents that should be avoided in clinical use because of safety issues. Therefore, xeno- and serum-free (XF/SF) reagents are highly desirable for enhancing the safety and quality of the transplanted ASCs.

Methods

In the current study, animal component-free isolation and cell-expansion protocols were developed for ASCs. StemPro MSC SFM XF medium with either CELLstart™ CTS™ coating or Coating Matrix Kit were tested for their ability to support XF/SF growth. Basic stem-cell characteristics such as immunophenotype (CD3, CD11a, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45RO, CD54, CD73, CD80, CD86, CD90, CD105, HLA-DR), proliferation, and differentiation potential were assessed in XF/SF conditions and compared with human serum (HS) or traditionally used fetal bovine serum (FBS) cultures.

Results

ASCs cultured in XF/SF conditions had significantly higher proliferation rates compared with HS/FBS cultures. Characteristic immunophenotypes of ASCs were maintained in every condition; however, cells expanded in XF/SF conditions showed significantly lower expression of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1) at low passage number. Further, multilineage differentiation potential of ASCs was maintained in every culture condition.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that the novel XF/SF conditions maintained the basic stem cell features of ASCs and the animal-free workflow followed in this study has great potential in clinical cell therapies.
Stabilization of Actin Bundles by a Dynamin 1/Cortactin Ring Complex Is Necessary for Growth Cone Filopodia
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Abe Tadashi , Satoh Ayano , Okazaki Nana , Tago Shota , Kobayashi Kinue , Yoshida Yumi , Oda Yoshiya , Watanabe Masami , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Matsui Hideki , Takei Kohji
Published: March 2013

Dynamin GTPase, a key molecule in endocytosis, mechanically severs the invaginated membrane upon GTP hydrolysis. Dynamin functions also in regulating actin cytoskeleton, but the mechanisms are yet to be defined. Here we show that dynamin 1, a neuronal isoform of dynamin, and cortactin form ring complexes, which twine around F-actin bundles and stabilize them. By negative-staining EM, dynamin 1–cortactin complexes appeared as “open” or “closed” rings depending on guanine nucleotide conditions. By pyrene actin assembly assay, dynamin 1 stimulated actin assembly in mouse brain cytosol.In vitroincubation of F-actin with both dynamin 1 and cortactin led to the formation of long and thick actin bundles, on which dynamin 1 and cortactin were periodically colocalized in puncta. A depolymerization assay revealed that dynamin 1 and cortactin increased the stability of actin bundles, most prominently in the presence of GTP. In rat cortical neurons and human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, both dynamin 1 and cortactin localized on actin filaments and the bundles at growth cone filopodia as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy. In SH-SY5Y cell, acute inhibition of dynamin 1 by application of dynamin inhibitor led to growth cone collapse. Cortactin knockdown also reduced growth cone filopodia. Together, our results strongly suggest that dynamin 1 and cortactin ring complex mechanically stabilizes F-actin bundles in growth cone filopodia. Thus, the GTPase-dependent mechanochemical enzyme property of dynamin is commonly used both in endocytosis and regulation of F-actin bundles by a dynamin 1–cortactin complex.
Membrane Trafficking of NADPH Oxidase p47phoxin Paraventricular Hypothalamic Neurons Parallels Local Free Radical Production in Angiotensin II Slow-Pressor Hypertension
Authors: Coleman Christal G. , Wang Gang , Faraco Giuseppe , Marques Lopes Jose , Waters Elizabeth M. , Milner Teresa A. , Iadecola Costantino , Pickel Virginia M.
Published: March 2013

NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly implicated in the development of angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent hypertension mediated in part through the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This region contains vasopressin and non-vasopressin neurons that are responsive to cardiovascular dysregulation, but it is not known whether ROS is generated by one or both cell types in response to “slow-pressor” infusion of AngII. We addressed this question using ROS imaging and electron microscopic dual labeling for vasopressin and p47phox, a cytoplasmic NADPH oxidase subunit requiring mobilization to membranes for the initiation of ROS production. C57BL/6 mice or vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (VP–eGFP) mice were infused systemically with saline or AngII (600 ng · kg−1· min−1, s.c.) for 2 weeks, during which they slowly developed hypertension. Ultrastructural analysis of the PVN demonstrated p47phoximmunolabeling in many glial and neuronal profiles, most of which were postsynaptic dendrites. Compared with saline, AngII recipient mice had a significant increase in p47phoximmunolabeling on endomembranes just beneath the plasmalemmal surface (+42.1 ± 11.3%;p< 0.05) in non-vasopressin dendrites. In contrast, AngII infusion decreased p47phoximmunolabeling on the plasma membrane (−35.5 ± 16.5%;p< 0.05) in vasopressin dendrites. Isolated non-VP–eGFP neurons from the PVN of AngII-infused mice also showed an increase in baseline ROS production not seen in VP–eGFP neurons. Our results suggest that chronic low-dose AngII may offset the homeostatic control of blood pressure by differentially affecting membrane assembly of NADPH oxidase and ROS production in vasopressin and non-vasopressin neurons located within the PVN.
Reward Prediction Error Signal Enhanced by Striatum–Amygdala Interaction Explains the Acceleration of Probabilistic Reward Learning by Emotion
Authors: Watanabe Noriya , Sakagami Masamichi , Haruno Masahiko
Published: March 2013

Learning does not only depend on rationality, because real-life learning cannot be isolated from emotion or social factors. Therefore, it is intriguing to determine how emotion changes learning, and to identify which neural substrates underlie this interaction. Here, we show that the task-independent presentation of an emotional face before a reward-predicting cue increases the speed of cue–reward association learning in human subjects compared with trials in which a neutral face is presented. This phenomenon was attributable to an increase in the learning rate, which regulates reward prediction errors. Parallel to these behavioral findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that presentation of an emotional face enhanced reward prediction error (RPE) signal in the ventral striatum. In addition, we also found a functional link between this enhanced RPE signal and increased activity in the amygdala following presentation of an emotional face. Thus, this study revealed an acceleration of cue–reward association learning by emotion, and underscored a role of striatum–amygdala interactions in the modulation of the reward prediction errors by emotion.
Precise Neural Stimulation in the Retina Using Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Menz Michael D. , Oralkan Ömer , Khuri-Yakub Pierre T. , Baccus Stephen A.
Published: March 2013

Focused ultrasound is a promising noninvasive technology for neural stimulation. Here we use the isolated salamander retina to characterize the effect of ultrasound on an intact neural circuit and compared these effects with those of visual stimulation of the same retinal ganglion cells. Ultrasound stimuli at an acoustic frequency of 43 MHz and a focal spot diameter of 90 μm delivered from a piezoelectric transducer evoked stable responses with a temporal precision equal to strong visual responses but with shorter latency. By presenting ultrasound and visual stimulation together, we found that ultrasonic stimulation rapidly modulated visual sensitivity but did not change visual temporal filtering. By combining pharmacology with ultrasound stimulation, we found that ultrasound did not directly activate retinal ganglion cells but did in part activate interneurons beyond photoreceptors. These results suggest that, under conditions of strong localized stimulation, timing variability is largely influenced by cells beyond photoreceptors. We conclude that ultrasonic stimulation is an effective and spatiotemporally precise method to activate the retina. Because the retina is the most accessible part of the CNSin vivo, ultrasonic stimulation may have diagnostic potential to probe remaining retinal function in cases of photoreceptor degeneration, and therapeutic potential for use in a retinal prosthesis. In addition, because of its noninvasive properties and spatiotemporal resolution, ultrasound neurostimulation promises to be a useful tool to understand dynamic activity in pharmacologically defined neural pathways in the retina.
The Mental Cost of Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Iuculano Teresa , Cohen Kadosh Roi
Published: March 2013

Noninvasive brain stimulation provides a potential tool for affecting brain functions in the typical and atypical brain and offers in several cases an alternative to pharmaceutical intervention. Some studies have suggested that transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), a form of noninvasive brain stimulation, can also be used to enhance cognitive performance. Critically, research so far has primarily focused on optimizing protocols for effective stimulation, or assessing potential physical side effects of TES while neglecting the possibility of cognitive side effects. We assessed this possibility by targeting the high-level cognitive abilities of learning and automaticity in the mathematical domain. Notably, learning and automaticity represent critical abilities for potential cognitive enhancement in typical and atypical populations. Over 6 d, healthy human adults underwent cognitive training on a new numerical notation while receiving TES to the posterior parietal cortex or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Stimulation to the the posterior parietal cortex facilitated numerical learning, whereas automaticity for the learned material was impaired. In contrast, stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impaired the learning process, whereas automaticity for the learned material was enhanced. The observed double dissociation indicates that cognitive enhancement through TES can occur at the expense of other cognitive functions. These findings have important implications for the future use of enhancement technologies for neurointervention and performance improvement in healthy populations.
Radioactive iodine in the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a controlled multicenter study
Authors: Meijer J A A , Bakker L E H , Valk G D , de Herder W W , de Wilt J H W , Netea-Maier R T , Schaper N , Fliers E , Lips P , Plukker J T , Links T P , Smit J A
Published: March 2013

Objective

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is applied in some centers, based on the assumption that cross-irradiation from thyroid follicular cells may be beneficial. However, no systematic studies on the effect of RAI treatment in MTC have been performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of RAI treatment on survival in MTC patients.

Design

Retrospective multicenter study in eight University Medical Centers in The Netherlands.

Methods

Two hundred and ninety three MTC patients without distant metastases who had undergone a total thyroidectomy were included between 1980 and 2007. Patients were stratified by clinical appearance, hereditary stage, screening status, and localization. All patients underwent regular surgical treatment with additional RAI treatment in 61 patients. Main outcome measures were disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Cure was defined as biochemical and radiological absence of disease.

Results

In multivariate analysis, stratification according to clinical appearance (P=0.72), hereditary stage (P=0.96), localization (P=0.69), and screening status (P=0.31) revealed no significant effects of RAI treatment on DFS. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in DSS for the two groups stratified according to clinical appearance (P=0.14). Owing to limited number of events, multivariate analysis was not possible for DSS in the other groups of stratification.

Conclusions

Based on the results of the present analysis, we conclude that RAI has no place in the treatment of MTC.
Stress responses at the endometrial–placental interface regulate labyrinthine placental differentiation from trophoblast stem cells
Authors: Rappolee D A , Zhou S , Puscheck E E , Xie Y
Published: March 2013

Development can happen in one of two ways. Cells performing a necessary function can differentiate from stem cells before the need for it arises and stress does not develop. Or need arises before function, stress develops and stress signals are part of the normal stimuli that regulate developmental mechanisms. These mechanisms adjust stem cell differentiation to produce function in a timely and proportional manner. In this review, we will interpret data from studies of null lethal mutants for placental stress genes that suggest the latter possibility. Acknowledged stress pathways participate in stress-induced and -regulated differentiation in two ways. These pathways manage the homeostatic response to maintain stem cells during the stress. Stress pathways also direct stem cell differentiation to increase the first essential lineage and suppress later lineages when stem cell accumulation is diminished. This stress-induced differentiation maintains the conceptus during stress. Pathogenic outcomes arise because population sizes of normal stem cells are first depleted by decreased accumulation. The fraction of stem cells is further decreased by differentiation that is induced to compensate for smaller stem cell populations. Analysis of placental lethal null mutant genes known to mediate stress responses suggests that the labyrinthine placenta develops during, and is regulated by, hypoxic stress.
Hearing impairment and tinnitus in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Somogyi Anikó , Rosta Klára , Vaszi Tibor
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Hearing impairment is one of the most frequent chronic health issue. The incidence of hearing impairment and tinnitus increases with age. Aim: The aim of the authors was to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment and tinnitus in type 2 diabetic patients and to examine the possible associations between hearing impairment and/or tinnitus and increased HbA1c levels. Methods: 103 patients with type 2 diabetes (47 men, 56 women; age, 61.6±10.3 years, mean±SD; range, 33–88 years) evaluated at the 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University were enrolled in this study and the results were compared to those obtained from 589 type 2 diabetic (253 men, 336 women; age, 55.4±11.0 years, mean±SD; range, 26–97 years) and 15 622 non-diabetic patients (7002 men, 8620 women; age, 55.1±11.1 years, mean±SD; range, 26–98 years) who participated in a comprehensive health screening programme in Hungary. Hearing impairment was determined using the Interacoustics model AS608 screening audiometer in all patient groups. Tinnitus was evaluated with questionnaire. Results: It was found that hearing impairment and/or tinnitus occurred in a very high proportion of type 2 diabetic patients evaluated at the 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University (80% of cases) as compared to type 2 diabetic (34% of cases) and non-diabetic patients (14% of cases) enrolled in the national health screening programme. There was no significant correlation between increased HbA1c levels and hearing impairment or tinnitus in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prevalence of hearing impairment and tinnitus is higher and develop at an earlier age in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results indicate a high prevalence of hearing impairment and tinnitus in type 2 diabetic patients. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 363–368.
The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spray Deposited Fluorine Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Paruchuri Kondaiah , Raja Vanjari Sundara , Uthanna Suda , Raju N. Ravi Chandra
Published: March 2013

Highly transparent and conducting Fluorine doped zinc oxide thin films were deposited using spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates held at 450 °C. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that as the dopant concentration increases in ZnO films, the intensity of the preferential orientation of (002) reflection decreased and (101) was found to increase up to 5 at. % F. The crystallite size was varied from 40 to 50 nm with dopant concentration. The optical band gap of the un-doped films was 3.30 eV and it increased to 3.34 eV for 3 at. % F. The refractive index of the films was increased from 2.05 to 2.18 with the increase of dopant concentration from 0 to 5 at. %. The scanning electron microscopy results depicted that the microstructure of ZnO: F films highly influenced by the fluorine doping. After annealing the films in hydrogen atmosphere, the resistivity of the films decreased as increase the dopant concentration and it is 4×10−3 Ω cm for 3at. % F beyond which it increased. The mobility of the charge carriers was 14 cm2/ V sec and the carrier concentration was 7.8×1019 cm3 obtained for the films doped with 3 at. % of fluorine concentration in the starting solution.
Investigations on electrical conduction properties and crystallization conditions of V2O5-P2O5 glass based semiconductors
Authors: Matsuda Akifumi , Aoyagi Takuya , Naito Takashi , Fujieda Tadashi , Ikejiri Kenjiro , Koyama Koji , Yamauchi Ryosuke , Tan Geng , Kaneko Satoru , Yoshimoto Mamoru
Published: March 2013

We studied the electrical properties of thermally treated V2O5-CuO-Fe2O3-P2O5 (vanadate) glasses under reducing high-vacuum conditions. The glasses were prepared by using a melt-quenching method and then applied on Al2O3 substrates as ∼40μm-thick films. The glass films were then heat treated at 375−550°C under a vacuum of 10−6 Pa. Powder X-ray diffraction showed the formation of complex oxides of both MxV2O5 (M = Cu, Fe; x = 0.12−1.3) and vanadium oxides (VOx; x = 1.5−2.5). The resistivity of the glass film crystallized at 550°C measured at 50°C and 300°C were 1.8 × 100 Ωcm and 2.8 × 10−1 Ωcm, respectively, which was 10 times lower than that of the film crystallized in air. The Seebeck coefficient was −132 μV/K at 50°C and −130 μV/K at 300°C. These results show that the vanadate glasses crystallized under the appropriate condition become potential candidate materials for semiconductor and thermoelectric application.
Isolamento de Chaetomium spp. em lesões subcutâneas de um cão: relato de caso
Authors: Braga C.A.S.B. , Romani A.F. , Balestra F.S. , Ribeiro E.L.
Published: March 2013

Caracterizou-se clinicamente a infecção pelo Chaetomium spp. em um cão, e descreveu-se seu isolamento e identificação. Ao exame dermatológico foram observadas pápulas nas orelhas, no tronco lateral e nos membros pélvicos. Ao rompimento de uma dessas pápulas, fluiu um líquido serosanguinolento com consequente úlcera no local. Foi colhido material para isolamento micológico, por meio de raspado das pápulas da orelha e da cauda. O diagnóstico foi micose subcutânea por Chaetomium spp.
Composição corporal de cálcio e fósforo do útero gestante e da glândula mamária de ovelhas Santa Inês
Authors: Souza F.A. , Borges I. , Macedo Junior G.L. , Silva V.B. , Borges A.L.C.C. , Saliba E.O.S.
Published: March 2013

Ovelhas Santa Inês com gestação simples e múltipla foram alimentadas com dietas formuladas para atender a 100% - grupo não restrito - e 85% - grupo restrito - das suas necessidades de energia metabolizável (EM) e proteína bruta (PB). Os animais foram abatidos aos 140 dias de gestação para a retirada do útero da glândula mamária e do útero gestante, os quais foram analisados para o conteúdo de cálcio e de fósforo em função dos tratamentos. A restrição nutricional não influenciou as concentrações de cálcio e fósforo no feto e no útero gestante. Foi observado um aumento de 11,68 gramas de cálcio e de 6,37 gramas de fósforo para cada quilograma de massa fetal produzido aos 140 dias de gestação. As concentrações de cálcio e de fósforo do útero e das membranas foram mais baixas nas ovelhas gestantes submetidas à restrição nutricional. O número de fetos e o manejo nutricional não resultaram em alterações na concentração nem no conteúdo de cálcio e fósforo nos fluidos fetais. O conteúdo de cálcio e de fósforo no útero gestante teve como principal fator de variação o tamanho da massa fetal produzida.
Microbiological profile of donor corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes in rabbits
Authors: Kobashigawa K.K. , Martins B.C. , Massoli M.C.B. , Ishizawa T.H. , Schocken-Iturrino R.P. , Brooks D.E. , Laus J.L.
Published: March 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota of donor rabbit corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes. Swabs from both corneas of 20 rabbits were carefully collected and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. After this first swab collection, rabbits were euthanized for reasons other than this project and the eyes were enucleated. The corneas were collected and stored to compose the cornea tissue bank. Corneas were stored in a 0.3% tobramycin solution at -20ºC. After 30 days, the corneas were thawed at room temperature and removed from the antibiotic. New swabs were obtained from the corneas and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. Gram positive organisms were predominant in the rabbit corneal flora before storage and the Staphylococcus sp. was the most common microorganism isolated from those samples. No growth was observed on the samples collected after storage. The methods used for collection and storage of the corneas were efficient to constitute a sterile donor corneal tissue bank.
Morfologia e biometria do timo em araras dos gêneros Ara e Anodorhynchus
Authors: Lima R.Z. , Gonçalves E.S. , Santana M.I. , Lima E.M.M. , Silva F.O.C. , Severino R.S. , Drummond S.S. , Armando A.P.R.N.
Published: March 2013

Foram utilizados 12 exemplares de Ara ararauna - seis fêmeas e seis machos -, cinco exemplares de Ara chloropterus (uma fêmea e quatro machos) e dois exemplares de Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus - uma fêmea e um macho -, todos adultos, doados por criadouro particular, após óbito natural. Os lobos foram dissecados e medidos com paquímetro - comprimento x largura x espessura - e analisados quanto ao peso, à topografia e à morfologia individual. Independentemente do gênero, foram identificados, em 17 casos (89,5%), lobos tímicos nos antímeros cervicais esquerdo e direito, e em oito casos (42,1%), lobos na cavidade celomática. Os lobos apresentaram formatos alongados - 52,6% -, arredondados - 21,1% - ou ovalados - 15,8% -, posicionados preferencialmente ventromedialmente ao longo do plexo vasculoneural do pescoço, com número médio de cinco lobos por antímero, tamanho médio de 0,49cm de comprimento, 0,12cm de largura e 0,05cm de espessura e peso médio de 0,076g.
Fratura de fíbula e lesões de ligamento colateral e menisco lateral em muar: relato de caso
Authors: Silveira C.O. , Fonseca B.P.A. , Donner A.C. , Baptista Filho L.C.F. , Meneses R.M.
Published: March 2013

Relata-se a ocorrência de fratura de fíbula e lesões de ligamento colateral e menisco lateral em um muar, fêmea, de dois anos de idade, provavelmente produzida por um coice na região da articulação femorotibiopatelar do membro pélvico esquerdo. O animal apresentava claudicação de grau 5 desse membro e obteve melhora após bloqueio dos nervos fibular, tibial e safena e da articulação afetada. O exame radiográfico da região acometida revelou fratura do terço proximal da fíbula e, ao exame ultrassonográfico, observaram-se pontos anecoicos no ligamento colateral lateral e menisco.
Limiar anaeróbico (V4) e frequência cardíaca de cavalos Crioulos condicionados para prova funcional
Authors: Amaral L.A. , Torres A. , Rabassa V. , Martins C. F. , Correa M. N. , Nogueira C.E.W.
Published: March 2013

Determinou-se o limiar anaeróbico (V4) de 23 cavalos Crioulos hígidos em treinamento. Os animais selecionados foram submetidos a testes de desempenho, composto por três etapas de velocidade progressiva de 6m/s, 8m/s e 10m/s, com duração de cinco minutos cada etapa, até que fosse atingida a concentração de 4mmol/dL de lactato sanguíneo. As concentrações de lactato sanguíneo elevaram-se a partir da velocidade de exercício de 6,0m/s, sendo que 20 animais (90%) atingiram 4mmol/L de lactato na velocidade entre 6 - 8m/s, com média de frequência cardíaca que variou de 121 a 140bpm. Concluiu-se que a V4 do cavalo Crioulo está entre as velocidades de 6 - 8m/s e a frequência cardíaca entre 121 - 140bpm.
Efeito de estratégias nutricionais para redução de nutrientes poluidores nos dejetos sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos
Authors: Pena S.M. , Barbosa F.F. , Lopes D.C. , Rostagno H.S. , Albino L.F.T. , Silva F.C.O.
Published: March 2013

Avaliou-se o efeito de estratégias nutricionais sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos dos 30 aos 100kg. Foram utilizados 120 suínos, distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições de três animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos usados foram: dieta-controle = dieta com alta proteína bruta sem aminoácidos industriais; dieta baixa PB= dieta com baixa proteína bruta com aminoácidos industriais; dieta fitase = dieta-controle com suplementação de fitase; dieta orgânica = dieta-controle suplementada com minerais inorgânico-orgânicos; e dieta composta = dieta com baixa proteína bruta suplementada com aminoácidos industriais, fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos. As dietas avaliadas não alteraram o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos suínos em comparação aos animais da dieta-controle. Conclui-se que a redução de proteína bruta, a suplementação com fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos podem ser adotadas por não alterarem significativamente o desempenho nas fases de crescimento e terminação e as características de carcaças.
Efeito da suplementação de cobre e selênio na dieta de novilhos Brangus sobre o desempenho e fermentação ruminal
Authors: Del Claro G.R. , Zanetti M.A. , Saran Netto A. , Vilela F.G. , Melo M.P. , Correa L.B. , Freitas Jr. J.E.
Published: March 2013

Vinte e oito bovinos Brangus foram usados para determinar o efeito da suplementação de cobre e selênio no desempenho e na fermentação ruminal. Os animais foram divididos em: 1) C(Controle) - sem a suplementação de cobre e selênio; 2) Se - 2mg Se/kg de matéria seca na forma de selenito de sódio; 3) Cu - 40mg Cu/kg de matéria seca na forma de sulfato de cobre; 4) Se/Cu - 2mg Se/kg de matéria seca na forma de selenito de sódio e 40mg Cu/kg de matéria seca na forma de sulfato de cobre. As pesagens dos animais foram feitas em intervalos de 28 dias, após jejum completo de 18 horas. Foram colhidas amostras de líquido ruminal para análises de ácidos graxos voláteis e pH. O ganho de peso diário aumentou com a suplementação de Se (P<0,05). A ingestão de matéria seca não foi alterada pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Os animais submetidos à suplementação com Cu apresentaram menor pH ruminal quando comparado com a suplementação Se/Cu (P<0,05). Os animais suplementados com Se/Cu apresentaram maior proporção de ácido acético quando comparado com o controle (P<0,05). Para o ácido propiônico e butírico, não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Apesar do pouco efeito na fermentação ruminal, as suplementações de selênio, cobre e selênio/cobre proporcionaram uma melhor eficiência alimentar.
Análise de correspondência múltipla na avaliação de serviços de farmácia hospitalar no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Aline do , Almeida Renan Moritz V. R. , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de , Infantosi Antonio Fernando Catelli
Published: March 2013

O estudo objetivou avaliar a existência de associações entre variáveis de serviços de farmácia hospitalar. Foram utilizadas 30 variáveis do projeto Diagnóstico da Farmácia Hospitalar no Brasil relativas à caracterização geral do hospital, caracterização geral do serviço de farmácia hospitalar e etapas da assistência farmacêutica. A análise de correspondência múltipla e a análise de agrupamentos foram utilizadas. A dimensão 1 da análise de correspondência múltipla explicou 90,6% da variabilidade, diferenciando os serviços de farmácia hospitalar conforme a presença de atividades, sugerindo assim um eixo de caracterização da estrutura dos serviços de farmácia hospitalar. Os resultados indicam relação direta entre cumprimento das atividades e tipo de hospital e farmacêuticos com especialização. A análise de agrupamentos identificou seis grupos relativos ao porte do hospital, tendo maior cumprimento de atividades os serviços de farmácia hospitalar em unidades de grande porte e com farmacêutico (maior tempo dedicado ao serviço de farmácia hospitalar e maior nível de treinamento). Conclui-se que as técnicas foram capazes de identificar as associações e um elenco conciso de variáveis para uma avaliação abrangente dos serviços de farmácia hospitalar no país.
Environmental indicators of intra-urban hetererogeneity
Authors: Rego Rita Franco , Lima Veronica Cadena , Lima Ana Cerqueira , Barreto Mauricio L. , Prado Matildes S. , Strina Agostino
Published: March 2013

A large number of human diseases are related to poor access to water and sewer systems, inadequate solid waste management and deficient storm water drainage. The goal of this study was to formulate environmental sanitation indicators and classify sanitation conditions in specific sewer basins and their respective neighborhoods. The database used contains information on the following sanitation components in these areas: water supply, sewer systems, urban drainage, road pavement, building typology and public cleaning. Data was analyzed using cluster analysis. The key variable of each component was identified, and eight sewer basins and twenty-three neighborhoods were classified into the following categories: good, regular, and poor. The use of environmental sanitation indicators allows decision makers to identify critical areas and define priorities for improving environmental sanitation conditions.
Terrorismo e política internacional: uma aproximação à América do Sul
Authors: Suarez Marcial A. Garcia
Published: March 2013

Este estudo tem como objetivo: i) analisar como a definição do conceito de terrorismo varia de acordo com distintos contextos e objetivos políticos, partindo-se do pressuposto de que a compreensão política sobre o terrorismo é contextualmente determinada; ii) questionar como o fenômeno do terrorismo pode ser compreendido pela teoria de Relações Internacionais, discutindo os limites e possibilidades das diferentes abordagens; e iii) analisar como países sul-americanos têm se adaptado a uma agenda antiterror marcadamente exógena ao contexto político regional. A proposta teórica do estudo consiste em um debate desde o fenômeno político do terrorismo contemporâneo ao marco mais geral da teoria de Relações Internacionais, propondo um questionamento teórico entre o fenômeno e as capacidades explicativas das teorias que compõem o mainstream da teoria de RI. Finalmente, tentamos explorar a Escola de Copenhague como uma via analítica e teórica de pesquisa, e para tanto debatemos a questão do terrorismo na América do Sul.
A hidropolítica platina no contexto do complexo regional de segurança da América do Sul: entre o conflito e a cooperação (1960-1979)
Authors: Queiroz Fábio Albergaria de
Published: March 2013

Em várias regiões do mundo, os múltiplos usos de águas compartilhadas apresentam-se como um componente importante no jogo de poder regional. Essa situação explica por que a gestão de recursos hídricos se encontra vinculada a preocupações de ordem estratégica ou outras questões de alta política em muitos desses casos. Mas em que intensidade? Em busca de respostas para essa questão, o presente estudo analisa o caso da Bacia do Prata, empregando, para tanto, conceitos como securitização, atores securitizadores, objetos de referência, Complexos Regionais de Segurança (CRS) e, também, a ideia dos Complexos Hidropolíticos, originalmente desenvolvida por Michael Schulz como uma forma distinta de CRS aplicável em áreas onde as questões relacionadas aos recursos hídricos se destacam como uma característica proeminente nas dinâmicas políticas regionais.
Drug use and associated demographic factors of freshman students in a Chilean University
Authors: P. Fredy Seguel , M. Gama Santander , S. María Lina Ramos
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the student population first enters the Universidad Austral de Chile in terms of drug use and associated factors. METHODS: association study of drug use and demographic variables of 845 students. The self-administered questionnaire contained two main instruments, the detection pattern of alcohol and other drugs (DEP-ADO) and the AUDIT. Partnerships were established using parametricand nonparametric tests. RESULTS: increased consumption of alcohol and marijuana was associated with male gender. The onset of drug and alcohol consumption did not differ significantly according to sex. The frequency of alcohol consumption on faculties has significant differences in men and women. The variables "where you live" and "who lives" was significantly related to consumption of amphetamine and marijuana. CONCLUSION: the main problem of this population is the consumption of alcohol, snuff and Marijuana.
Aspects related to the permanence of undergraduate and graduate students in semi-presential classes
Authors: Peixoto Henry Maia , Peixoto Mariana Maia , Alves Elioenai Dornelles
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the learning and interaction environment, related to the permanence of undergraduate and graduate students in semi-presential healthcare classes. METHODS: Research of quantitative approach, exploratory, which analyzed data originated, based on a validated questionnaire, based on models ISAM and MAIWT with 18 items, organized in a scale that ranged from zero (hindered my permanence in the class) to 10 (did not hindered my permanence in class). We invited all 220 undergraduate and graduate students finishing classes of their courses in the Faculty of Health Sciences at UNB, of which 148 (67.3%) students agreed to participate. RESULTS: All 18 items (100%) answered by undergraduates and 17(94.5%) by the graduate students presented mean above seven, demonstrating that the use of the virtual environment, the flexibility of time and space, the costs involved , the use of computational tools and procedures for interaction, have been well evaluated. CONCLUSION: Undergraduate and graduate students considered that the questions related to the study environment and interaction procedures facilitated the permanence in classes.
Nursing process as a strategy in the development of competence for self-care
Authors: Sampaio Cynthia de Freitas , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contribution of clinical care and education of nursing in a hospital context, in the development of competence for self-care for people with chronic renal failure. METHODS: A case study conducted with a patient during hospitalization in Fortaleza, through the nursing process proposed by Orem determining deficiencies and enabling self-care demands satisfaction from him. RESULTS: The requisites of therapeutic self-care d.emands of health deviation sef-care requisites enabled the identification of three nursing diagnoses based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association - NANDA for which interventions were defined based on NIC and results according to NOC. CONCLUSION: In the hospital context, clinical and educational nursing care based on the nursing process proposed by Orem contributes as a facilitator for the development of competence for self-care in people with chronic disease.
Influenza vaccination among nursing professionals: reality and challenges
Authors: Vieira Raquel Heloisa Guedes , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Andrade Selma Regina de , Freitas Paulo Fontoura
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile, vaccination status and the motivating factors that lead nurses of a university hospital to get vaccinated against influenza in order to maximize coverage through adequate operational/educational strategies. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample size of 265 nurses. RESULTS: Vaccination coverage was found to be 49.8% in 2009, 92.4% in 2010 and 95.4% in 2011. The professional profile with better adherence to vaccination was the mid level, female, 41-50 years, separated/divorced, not living with people susceptible to influenza, except chronic patient, also with more than one employment bond, placed at emergency where they often have contact with patients, trained and working for over 20 years, vaccinated in their own work sector, motivated by self-protection. CONCLUSION: The coverage percentage of 92.5% in 2010 and 95.4% in 2011, were considered exceptional within the current global reality. Educational actions within the institution created an incorporated culture of biosafety related to the topic.
Family considerations about the decision to refuse organ donation
Authors: Lira Gerlene Grudka , Pontes Cleide Maria , Schirmer Janine , Lima Luciane Soares de
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To understand the social representations that guided family decision to refuse organ donation for transplant and to identify the actions of the social environment that influenced this refusal. METHODS: Qualitative study using a descriptive exploratory design. Nine family members were interviewed between February and August 2009, whose family member death had been reported regularly by the Transplantation Center of Pernambuco. The statements underwent content analysis in semantic categories. RESULTS: Three semantic categories emerged which supported this study: The care and management model of health services is critical in refusing the donation; the body is inviolable; and belief in the possibility of returning to life-heart as the source of life and faith strengthening hope. CONCLUSION: The participants' refusal to organ donation has been supported in the context of service provided and hospital care received, as well as cultural and religious values.
Occupational stress of nurses in emergency care: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Bezerra Francimar Nipo , Silva Telma Marques da , Ramos Vânia Pinheiro
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: Toanalyze the scientific literature related to the way in which occupational stress is present in the life of a nurse who works in an emergency care setting. METHODS: Weperformed an integrative review of the literature using the Bdenf, Lilacs, Medline, and Pubmed databases, and the Scielo repository.The inclusion criteria for sample selection were: articles published in Portuguese and English which reflected the theme of the study, published and indexed in these databases within the last 10 years. RESULTS: We selected eight articles.The results indicated that the occupational stress of nurses in emergency care is related to the scarcity of human resources and number of hours worked, the physical plant and inadequate material resources, as well as night shifts, the work-home interface, interpersonal relationships, competitive work climate, and the gap between theory and practice. CONCLUSION: The meaning of work for professionals contributes to their protection against suffering and occupational stress.
Workshops with teachers: health education for management with adolescents
Authors: Silveira Rodrigo Eurípedes da , Reis Nayara Araújo dos , Santos Álvaro da Silva , Borges Maritza Rodrigues , Fonseca Ariadne da Silva
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience during the execution of an extension project, which used a municipal school setting in Uberaba-MG. METHODS: Experience report using health education strategies, focused on workshops with teachers ofElementary School. RESULTS: We conducted seven meetings with 30 teachers from the three school shifts, initially seeking connection and situational diagnosis. In five other sessions we worked with the themes teachers considered to be the necessities, and in the last encounter we presented a case study that allowed verification of learning. CONCLUSION: Despite technical, structural and human difficulties, the richness of the discussions raised and the reports from teachers, confirmed the success of the project, reaching the value of a social and interventionist character.
Grain boundary junctions, ridges and facets: their kinetics and effects on grain microstructure evolution
Authors: Shvindlerman L. S. , Gottstein G.
Published: March 2013

The kinetics of grain boundary triple junctions, grain boundary ridges and grain boundary facets are investigated. A theoretical concept and results of experimental observations and computer simulations of the behavior of these interfacial elements are presented, and their effect on the evolution of grain microstructure in 2D and 3D polycrystals is considered.
Microstructural evolution and characterization of a ferroniobium alloy
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Jawad , Henein Hani , Ivey Douglas G.
Published: March 2013

Niobium in the form of a ferroniobium alloy is added during the steel-making process to improve the mechanical properties of steel, but it may contain phase(s) with high melting temperatures that may be slow to melt or dissolve. It has been suggested that these phases lead to the presence of coarse Nb-rich particles in the resultant steel, which may adversely affect the mechanical properties. In the present study, electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to identify phases and microstructural evolution of a commercial grade ferroniobium alloy. The ferroniobium alloy was composed of two main phases, that is, Nb-rich solid solution and μ phase (Fe7Nb6). The μ phase (Fe7Nb6) was formed as a result of three reactions and exhibited three different morphologies based on their formation temperatures (proeutectic intermetallic, eutectic intermetallic and eutectoid intermetallic). The intermetallic that formed via the eutectic reaction was slightly Nb-rich and was heavily faulted. The Nb-rich eutectic portion of the Fe-Nb binary-phase diagram was also modified based on the DSC results to incorporate the effect of impurities in commercial alloys. On the basis of solidification study, the estimated cooling rate for the as received ferroniobium alloy was 10 K/min.
Using transcranial electrical stimulation to enhance cognitive functions in the typical and atypical brain
Authors: Kadosh Roi
Published: March 2013

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) includes methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation, and transcranial alternating current stimulation. These methods provide novel ways of enhancing human cognitive abilities for restorative purposes, or for general cognitive enhancement, by modulating neuronal activity. I discuss here the basic principles behind these methods and provide some illustrations of their efficacy in cognitive enhancement in those with typical and atypical brain function. Next, I outline some future directions for research that are have been largely neglected, such as the issue of individual differences, cognitive side effects, the efficacy of TES for use with healthy elderly populations, children with atypical development, and sports. The results observed thus far with TES as well as its future possibilities have significant implications for both basic and translational neuroscience.
Region-specific neuron and synapse loss in the hippocampus of APPSL/PS1 knock-in mice
Authors: Brasnjevic Ivona , Lardenoije Roy , Schmitz Christoph , Kolk Nicolien , Dickstein Dara , Takahashi Hisaaki , Hof Patrick , Steinbusch Harry , Rutten Bart
Published: March 2013

Transgenic mouse models with knock-in (KI) expression of human mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or human presenilin 1 (PS1) may be helpful to elucidate the cellular consequences of APP and PS1 misprocessing in the aging brain. Age-related alterations in total numbers of neurons and in numbers of synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic boutons (SIPB), as well as the amyloid plaque load were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1-2 of 2- and 10-month-old APPSL/PS1 homozygous KI, APPSL (expressing human mutant APP751 carrying the Swedish [K670N/M671L] and London [V717I] mutations under Thy-1 promoter), and PS1 homozygous KI mice (expressing human PS1 mutations [M233T and L235P]). APPSL/PS1 homozygous KI mice, but neither APPSL mice nor PS1 homozygous KI mice, showed substantial agerelated loss of neurons (−47.2%) and SIPB (−22.6%), specifically in CA1-2. PS1 homozygous KI mice showed an age-related increase in hippocampal granule cell numbers (+37.9%). Loss of neurons and SIPB greatly exceeded the amount of local extracellular Aβ aggregation and astrocytes, whereas region-specific accumulation of intraneuronal Aβ preceded neuron and synapse loss. An age-related increase in the ratio of SIPB to neuron numbers in CA1-2 of APPSL/PS1 homozygous KI mice was suggestive of compensatory synaptic plasticity. These findings indicate a region-selectivity in intra- and extraneuronal Aβ accumulation in connection with neuron and synapse loss in the hippocampus of APPSL/PS1 homozygous KI mice.