bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Inactivity among Adolescents
Authors: Nandy Abhishek , Saeed Humaira , Singh Aditi
Published: July 2024

Adolescence is a vital developmental stage in which personal lifestyle
choices and behavior patterns emerge, including the decision to be physically active.
Physical inactivity, lazy behavior, and low oxygen consumption are all substantial risk
factors for the development of chronic illnesses, which result in morbidity and death, as
well as an expensive burden on society from health and social care services and
decreased occupational productivity. During adolescence, a unique mix of biological
and psychological elements combine to generate a special necessity for health-related
physical exercise. At the same time, many of these variables operate as impediments to
encouraging youngsters to develop regular exercise routines. Teenagers and young
adults are becoming more aware of its importance, especially in light of our culture's
constant connectedness and media consumption. This chapter focuses on physical
inactivity among teenagers, the risks they promote and the different ways to cure such
problems.
Anxiety and Depression-Related Problems Associated with Adolescents
Authors: Ghosh Devlina , Kumar Alok
Published: July 2024

Adolescence, a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, is marked by
several critical changes in the human body, whether emotional, physical,
psychological, or social. This sensitive phase, which primarily lasts from 10-19 years
of age, lays the trajectory for overall development and health among adults.
Neurobiological, environmental, genetic aspects, lifestyle, and behavioral factors, such
as eating disorders, substance abuse, social media, physical inactivity, sex-related
differences, etc., can lead to disease onset, with anxiety and depression being the
prominent ones. Besides, the adolescent brain is structurally different from the adult
brain, with varying levels of hormones and neurotransmitters, making it more
vulnerable to changes. Prevention, prompt diagnosis, and treatment are vital to
improving adolescent mental health. Preventive interventions and mental well-being
awareness are paramount to alleviating health loss. This chapter will mainly focus on
the molecular basis of the adolescent brain, causes and symptoms of anxiety and
depression, neuropsychiatric overview, appropriate measures for prevention, timely
diagnosis, intervention, and treatment, and the role of society in shaping the adolescent
brain.
Directivas de instrucción y entrenamiento del Ejército Nacional de Colombia en la formación básica de combate (1985-2019)
Authors: Delgadillo-Gutiérrez Luis Alejandro , Figueroa-Pedreros Erika Constanza
Published: July 2024

Este capítulo presenta los resultados de una investigación documental exploratoria histórica, desde un enfoque descriptivo y cualitativo, basado en la revisión de las Directivas de Instrucción y Entrenamiento del Ejército Nacional de Colombia, 1985-2019, con miras a describir los patrones en ellas contextualizadas, enfatizando en los referentes significativos de las tareas desarrolladas en las áreas de preparación dentro de la formación básica de combate en el militar colombiano. Se confrontan y triangulan las actividades y ejecuciones ordenadas y apreciadas en estos documentos, analizando su evolución, recurrencias, vacíos, contradicciones y tendencias de la interdisciplinaridad militar caórdica para edificar los principios, valores e identidad institucional de quienes asumen la responsabilidad de la seguridad y defensa, aplicada en la profesión militar, basados siempre, en las herramientas doctrinales brindadas para la toma de decisiones en sus nuevos desafíos, el deber ético y la responsabilidad social, conllevando un informe comprensivo del fenómeno analizado.
Incidencia del conflicto armado interno en la transformación del Ejército Nacional de Colombia (1998-2001)
Authors: Yepes-Mazo Mauricio , Cherstlé Guillaume Pierre Charles
Published: July 2024

Este capítulo describe cómo entre 1998 y 2010, el Ejército Nacional de Colombia, en respuesta a la oleada ofensiva contra el Estado —especialmente contra la Fuerza y la Policía, en que aplica la estrategia de guerra de movimientos y que consiste en la toma y el ataque a sus bases militares o capitales de departamento, como el caso de Mitú en 1998— y apoyado en las políticas de Gobierno de los presidentes Pastrana y Uribe, más el aporte de los EE. UU. a través del Plan Colombia, desarrolla un proceso de transformación en su estructura, estrategia y doctrina que le permiten dar un giro en la forma de enfrentar el conflicto, logrando, mediante la puesta en marcha del Plan Patriota y el Plan Consolidación, el desarrollo de operaciones conjuntas con que diezmó al enemigo, llevándolo a la negociación con el Gobierno en 2016.Palabras clave: conflicto armado interno; doctrina militar; Ejército Nacional de Colombia; guerra asimétrica; grupos armados* Capítulo de libro resultado del proyecto de investigación “Incidencia del conflicto armado en la transformación del Ejército colombiano (1998-2001)”, del Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Militares, Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”, código COL0082556 de MinCiencias. Los puntos de vista y los resultados de este artículo pertenecen a los autores y no reflejan necesariamente los de las instituciones participantes.2Incidencia del conflicto armado interno en la transformación del Ejército Nacional de Colombia (1998-2001)
How internal auditing impacts governance mechanisms in small and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Alotaibi Khaleed Omair ,   Applied College, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2024

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) use internal auditing (IA) as a key tool to start governance processes in their organizations. SMEs can gain several advantages from IA, such as identifying and managing risks, creating a strong control environment, ensuring compliance, improving operational efficiency, and aligning their strategies with their objectives. By using IA, SMEs can build a solid foundation for success and adapt to today's changing business environment. SMEs encounter specific challenges in initiating governance processes because they lack the resources and infrastructure that larger organizations have. Integrating IA into a company's management process can be difficult for smaller businesses, so they need to make full use of IA. Therefore, this study aims to examine how IA influences the activation of governance mechanisms in SMEs. The study uses the design science method (DSM). The results show that IA significantly affects the activation of governance mechanisms in SMEs. IA helps identify and manage risks, improve internal controls, ensure regulatory compliance, and address issues of concern. Effective IA functions can enhance corporate governance practices, promote ethical decision-making within the organization, and improve the overall effectiveness and success of the organization.
Literature analysis of the language challenges and the responses thereto of European multinational companies
Authors: Várnagy Edina
Published: July 2024

Language diversity is an inherent part of international business transactions,despite the dominance of English. The challenge for management, HRM, andemployees in multinational companies is to find the right strategy. Multinationalorganizations can be categorized using the EPRG (ethnocentric, polycentric,regiocentric, geocentric) model, according to how they define their relationshipwith subsidiaries, and how they operate in foreign markets. Using this model,conclusions can also be drawn from their applied language strategy.
JEL code: F23, Z13
Filial Piety Discrepancy and Wellbeing among Older Chinese Immigrants Living in Canada: The Role of Acculturation and Living Arrangement
Authors: Huang Vivian , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: July 2024

This survey-based, cross-sectional study explored the independent and synergistic effect of filial piety discrepancy (FPD), acculturation, and living arrangement on the psychological, social, and physical wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants living in Canada. A total of 299 older Chinese immigrants were recruited from community organizations in the Greater Toronto Area. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed demographic information, filial piety, living arrangement, acculturation, and three domains of wellbeing. Greater FPD was associated with lower self-reported psychological, social, and physical wellbeing. Co-residence with adult children was also associated with greater psychological wellbeing. Although living arrangement did not moderate the association between FPD and wellbeing, a significant interaction between FPD and acculturation indicated that the association between greater FPD and poorer psychological wellbeing was strongest for those with lower acculturation levels. This study confirms previous associations found between FPD and psychological wellbeing, and further extends this association to social and physical indices of wellbeing. Study findings further highlight the importance of acculturation in the relationship between FPD and wellbeing among older Chinese immigrants.
Accelerating Evidence Synthesis in Observational Studies: Development of a Living Natural Language Processing–Assisted Intelligent Systematic Literature Review System
Authors: Manion Frank J , Du Jingcheng , Wang Dong , He Long , Lin Bin , Wang Jingqi , Wang Siwei , Eckels David , Cervenka Jan , Fiduccia Peter C , Cossrow Nicole , Yao Lixia
Published: July 2024

Background

Systematic literature review (SLR), a robust method to identify and summarize evidence from published sources, is considered to be a complex, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive task.

Objective

This study aimed to present a solution based on natural language processing (NLP) that accelerates and streamlines the SLR process for observational studies using real-world data.

Methods

We followed an agile software development and iterative software engineering methodology to build a customized intelligent end-to-end living NLP-assisted solution for observational SLR tasks. Multiple machine learning–based NLP algorithms were adopted to automate article screening and data element extraction processes. The NLP prediction results can be further reviewed and verified by domain experts, following the human-in-the-loop design. The system integrates explainable articificial intelligence to provide evidence for NLP algorithms and add transparency to extracted literature data elements. The system was developed based on 3 existing SLR projects of observational studies, including the epidemiology studies of human papillomavirus–associated diseases, the disease burden of pneumococcal diseases, and cost-effectiveness studies on pneumococcal vaccines.

Results

Our Intelligent SLR Platform covers major SLR steps, including study protocol setting, literature retrieval, abstract screening, full-text screening, data element extraction from full-text articles, results summary, and data visualization. The NLP algorithms achieved accuracy scores of 0.86-0.90 on article screening tasks (framed as text classification tasks) and macroaverage F1 scores of 0.57-0.89 on data element extraction tasks (framed as named entity recognition tasks).

Conclusions

Cutting-edge NLP algorithms expedite SLR for observational studies, thus allowing scientists to have more time to focus on the quality of data and the synthesis of evidence in observational studies. Aligning the living SLR concept, the system has the potential to update literature data and enable scientists to easily stay current with the literature related to observational studies prospectively and continuously.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Mobile AI-Based Symptom Checker and a Web-Based Self-Referral Tool in Rheumatology: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knitza Johannes , Tascilar Koray , Fuchs Franziska , Mohn Jacob , Kuhn Sebastian , Bohr Daniela , Muehlensiepen Felix , Bergmann Christina , Labinsky Hannah , Morf Harriet , Araujo Elizabeth , Englbrecht Matthias , Vorbrüggen Wolfgang , von der Decken Cay-Benedict , Kleinert Stefan , Ramming Andreas , Distler Jörg H W , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter , Vuillerme Nicolas , Schett Georg , Welcker Martin , Hueber Axel
Published: July 2024

Background

The diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) is often delayed due to unspecific symptoms and a shortage of rheumatologists. Digital diagnostic decision support systems (DDSSs) have the potential to expedite diagnosis and help patients navigate the health care system more efficiently.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a mobile artificial intelligence (AI)–based symptom checker (Ada) and a web-based self-referral tool (Rheport) regarding IRDs.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, open-label, crossover randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients newly presenting to 3 rheumatology centers. Participants were randomly assigned to complete a symptom assessment using either Ada or Rheport. The primary outcome was the correct identification of IRDs by the DDSSs, defined as the presence of any IRD in the list of suggested diagnoses by Ada or achieving a prespecified threshold score with Rheport. The gold standard was the diagnosis made by rheumatologists.

Results

A total of 600 patients were included, among whom 214 (35.7%) were diagnosed with an IRD. Most frequent IRD was rheumatoid arthritis with 69 (11.5%) patients. Rheport’s disease suggestion and Ada’s top 1 (D1) and top 5 (D5) disease suggestions demonstrated overall diagnostic accuracies of 52%, 63%, and 58%, respectively, for IRDs. Rheport showed a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 47% for IRDs. Ada’s D1 and D5 disease suggestions showed a sensitivity of 52% and 66%, respectively, and a specificity of 68% and 54%, respectively, concerning IRDs. Ada’s diagnostic accuracy regarding individual diagnoses was heterogenous, and Ada performed considerably better in identifying rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to other diagnoses (D1: 42%; D5: 64%). The Cohen κ statistic of Rheport for agreement on any rheumatic disease diagnosis with Ada D1 was 0.15 (95% CI 0.08-0.18) and with Ada D5 was 0.08 (95% CI 0.00-0.16), indicating poor agreement for the presence of any rheumatic disease between the 2 DDSSs.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the largest comparative DDSS trial with actual use of DDSSs by patients. The diagnostic accuracies of both DDSSs for IRDs were not promising in this high-prevalence patient population. DDSSs may lead to a misuse of scarce health care resources. Our results underscore the need for stringent regulation and drastic improvements to ensure the safety and efficacy of DDSSs.

Trial Registration

German Register of Clinical Trials DRKS00017642; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00017642
Exploring the Efficacy of Large Language Models in Summarizing Mental Health Counseling Sessions: Benchmark Study
Authors: Adhikary Prottay Kumar , Srivastava Aseem , Kumar Shivani , Singh Salam Michael , Manuja Puneet , Gopinath Jini K , Krishnan Vijay , Gupta Swati Kedia , Deb Koushik Sinha , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: July 2024

Background

Comprehensive session summaries enable effective continuity in mental health counseling, facilitating informed therapy planning. However, manual summarization presents a significant challenge, diverting experts’ attention from the core counseling process. Leveraging advances in automatic summarization to streamline the summarization process addresses this issue because this enables mental health professionals to access concise summaries of lengthy therapy sessions, thereby increasing their efficiency. However, existing approaches often overlook the nuanced intricacies inherent in counseling interactions.

Objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) in selectively summarizing various components of therapy sessions through aspect-based summarization, aiming to benchmark their performance.

Methods

We first created Mental Health Counseling-Component–Guided Dialogue Summaries, a benchmarking data set that consists of 191 counseling sessions with summaries focused on 3 distinct counseling components (also known as counseling aspects). Next, we assessed the capabilities of 11 state-of-the-art LLMs in addressing the task of counseling-component–guided summarization. The generated summaries were evaluated quantitatively using standard summarization metrics and verified qualitatively by mental health professionals.

Results

Our findings demonstrated the superior performance of task-specific LLMs such as MentalLlama, Mistral, and MentalBART evaluated using standard quantitative metrics such as Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE)-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Score across all aspects of the counseling components. Furthermore, expert evaluation revealed that Mistral superseded both MentalLlama and MentalBART across 6 parameters: affective attitude, burden, ethicality, coherence, opportunity costs, and perceived effectiveness. However, these models exhibit a common weakness in terms of room for improvement in the opportunity costs and perceived effectiveness metrics.

Conclusions

While LLMs fine-tuned specifically on mental health domain data display better performance based on automatic evaluation scores, expert assessments indicate that these models are not yet reliable for clinical application. Further refinement and validation are necessary before their implementation in practice.
De la comprensión al diálogo poético en “La vida sencilla” de Octavio Paz
Authors: Franco Tizcareño José Luis
Published: July 2024

La literatura mexicana es sustancial para quien estudia el español que se habla en México, porque implica comprender de modo amplio el ámbito cultural que enfrenta. Para apoyar esta tarea, el objetivo central de este breve estudio es reflexionar sobre los pasos a seguir en la comprensión y el diálogo con el texto literario desde la perspectiva de los usos de la lengua en la poesía. El ejemplo es el poema “La vida sencilla”, de Octavio Paz, escrito con el propósito de persuadirnos sobre la sencillez de la vida cotidiana. La estrategia del poeta es utilizar figuras retóricas en su discurso poético y la de quien realiza la lectura es descubrir e identificar el modo de argumentación que presenta el texto y así construir un diálogo y una reflexión sobre el tema. La literatura ayuda a que, a través del diálogo, quienes estudian una lengua extranjera adquieran las competencias lingüísticas necesarias para comunicarse y evalúen su propio aprendizaje de manera crítica.
El modo subjuntivo en la enseñanza del español a hablantes de persa
Authors: Razavi Rozhin , Helan Nafise Amiri
Published: July 2024

La enseñanza de una lengua abarca numerosos aspectos, entre los que se puede destacar la gramática. En estas notas de investigación se analiza el modo subjuntivo con la intención de hacer una comparación entre su estructura y uso en español y persa. Los puntos analizados comprenden sus diversos usos y las similitudes existentes entre ambas lenguas. El aspecto que se analiza es la presencia de más puntos de convergencia que de divergencia, así como el papel de la técnica de traducción en clase de ELE para posibilitar una mejor comprensión de este modo verbal por parte de estudiantes iraníes. 
Con el presente trabajo se pretende mostrar que la enseñanza del modo subjuntivo puede resultar más sencilla si el estudiantado (en el caso que nos compete, hablante de persa) puede realizar comparaciones, buscar equivalencias o traducir desde su lengua materna hasta comprobar que el resultado obtenido en la L2 es muy parecido al de la L1.
Para entender a los mexicanos, conversemos sobre su historia
Authors: Vivaldo Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este reporte de experiencia docente es mostrar la práctica didáctica que ha representado la puesta en marcha del curso sabatino “Para entender a los mexicanos, conversemos sobre su historia”. La materia se imparte desde la perspectiva de la historia social, sobre todo a partir de una arista urbana, aunque también toma en cuenta la vertiente rural. Se muestra la manera en que hombres y mujeres de todas las edades formaron parte de los procesos históricos que constituyen la memoria colectiva mexicana. En el desarrollo de este curso el grupo de estudiantes debe realizar una serie de lecturas para que cada sesión sea más provechosa, lo cual contribuye a que mejore sus habilidades lectoras y discursivas. La importancia de la propuesta consiste en que, al tratarse de una aproximación a la historia de México que relaciona cinco temas centrales —educación, género, cultura popular, asuntos públicos y relaciones sociales—, el alumnado del extranjero se acerca a una comprensión integral de la sociedad mexicana. 
Las sesiones se complementan con material audiovisual (videos musicales, fragmentos de películas), fotografías y documentos que se encuentran disponibles en internet. Eso ha contribuido a que quienes asisten se involucren en la asignatura y conozcan mejor la historia y la cultura mexicana.
Unidades fraseológicas de la variante geográfica de Costa Rica en el aula ELE para la enseñanza de la cultura
Authors: Vargas Castro Ericka
Published: July 2024

Para que las personas que aprenden español logren comprender de manera efectiva los intercambios comunicativos reales, es indispensable propiciar el contacto con las unidades fraseológicas, pues estas poseen funciones pragmáticas diversas, razón por la cual los nativohablantes las usan con frecuencia en el discurso coloquial. Asimismo, dichas unidades son un recurso importante para tener acceso a visiones del mundo y a la historia de la comunidad de habla en la que se emplean. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se propone estructurar clases cuyo foco principal sea la cultura, tomando como punto de partida una unidad pluriverbal y, a partir de ella, ampliar el repertorio lingüístico de cada estudiante, informar sobre las particularidades sociolingüísticas y pragmáticas de la expresión en estudio y, además, construir conocimientos sobre aspectos idiosincráticos, históricos y culturales. En este artículo se expondrá una muestra de actividades didácticas diseñadas para un nivel B2 a partir de tres locuciones empleadas en Costa Rica: pura vida, al suave y montarse en la carreta.
¿Culturas o mundos? Implicaciones del giro ontológico en la pedagogía intercultural
Authors: Rosa Carlo
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo explora las implicaciones teóricas del giro ontológico en antropología para la pedagogía intercultural. Se sostiene la hipótesis de que esta reciente orientación antropológica puede enriquecer la investigación en la pedagogía intercultural, al problematizar las diferencias radicales que surgen de distintos posicionamientos ontológicos y promover una praxis decolonizadora que evidencie los obstáculos al reconocimiento del pluralismo. Estas conclusiones se sustentan en un análisis epistemológico y pedagógico de los principales argumentos teóricos y metodológicos del giro ontológico en antropología, así como de los escenarios “más que humanos” y posthumanistas que plantea la noción de pluralismo ontológico. Al integrar estas perspectivas, se propone una ampliación del horizonte intercultural, reconociendo la importancia de las entidades no-humanas en la construcción y trasmisión del conocimiento en comunidades indígenas.
El Papel De La Suprema Corte Mexicana En La Discusión Jurídica De La Objeción De Conciencia Médica
Authors: Montero Balderas Atonio , Lima Sánchez Dania Nimbe
Published: July 2024

En el presente artículo, proponemos una visión interdisciplinaria para abordar el problema de la objeción de conciencia de los profesionales sanitarios en el contexto de la sentencia de la A.I. 54/2018. La hipótesis de la que partimos es que el contenido de esta sentencia se vuelve una fuente de derecho, que sin ser la letra de la ley por sí misma, renueva una discusión legislativa que se encontraba estancada entre posturas aparentemente irreconciliables al establecer una caracterización y limitación de la objeción frente al derecho al acceso a servicios de salud. A lo largo del presente artículo se explicará el papel de la sentencia dentro de la actual discusión legislativa, como los alcances de un derecho a la objeción de conciencia pueden explicarse mediante las teorías de Borowski y Wellman. Finalizando con la influencia que han tenido autores como Giubilini dentro de la postura de la Comisión Nacional de Bioética y proponiendo a la visión de Card como un abordaje novedoso respecto a este problema.
Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Standard Concrete by using locally available Calcareous and Siliceous Material
Authors: Baig Dr. Mirza Aamir
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The investigates is basically on the Rheological and Mechanical properties of standard concrete by using Locally available Calcareous and Siliceous material and a comparative study is done for the rheological parameter for mixes with or without using superplasticizer. For rheological parameter, various mixes with water cement ratio of 0.45 and slump value of 120 mm were prepared for the experiment by replacing different percent as (0%,5%,10%,15%) of locally available material such as Metakaolin and tested with German based instrument ICAR Rheometer. Test on Rheometer is done to study flow property of concrete so that concrete mixes can be pumped to high rise building properly. As per the finding, as the metakaolin percentage were increased the static yield and dynamic yield stress decreases this indicate that it is easy to pump at higher blending. For mechanical properties, mixes were prepared and test Performed is compressive strength test. The findings of this experiment have important implication for construction industry basically in the high-rise structure
Development of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using GGBS and Alccofine
Authors: Kumari Prerna
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Ultra-high-performance concrete, or UHPC, is a cementitious mixture that is distinguished by its exceptionally high compressive strength—more than 120 MPa as well as its remarkable toughness, tensile ductility, and longevity. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Alccofine (AF) are commonly used in the matrix composition to increase the particle system's packing density and subsequently enhance the matrix's strength in order to guarantee that UHPC has the proper strength. To investigate the engineering properties of ternary blended UHPC with GGBS, AF, a comparative study was conducted. In comparison to the control UHPC mix, the ternary blended UHPC mix's mechanical and durability qualities were improved by the percentage variation of AF within specific bounds. In this study, the experimental work included mix proportioning and preparation of ternary blended UHPC specimens and various tests like Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexure Strength and RCPT (Rapid Chloride Penetration Test) were performed in the laboratory. The results show that under normal water curing conditions, the strength qualities of UHPC based on GGBS are considerable, up to a cement replacement level of 40%. In addition, compared to the binary counterpart, the mixture of 20 Percent AF and 40 Percent GGBS showed better mechanical and durability properties.
The Italian Army in the Second World War: A Historiographical Analysis
Authors: Gonsalves Simon
Published: July 2024

Classical English language analysis of Italy's role in the Second World War has done poorly in its attempt to accurately the Italian military's contribution to the Axis cause. Basing their analysis on flawed sources, historians in the intermediate post war era got much incorrect. Many of the staples of the World War Two genre still base much of their writing on these writers. This paper concludes by exploring the two most important modern writers who specialize in this area of military history.
PENERAPAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN RESORT DI KOTA SABANG MENURUT AKAD JI`ALAH: STUDI KASUS THE HAWKS NEST RESORT SABANG
Authors: Naufal Ramadhana  , Shabarullah
Published: July 2024

This article aims to examine the application of sister resort management in Sabang City according to Akad Ji`alah. The type of research used is qualitative with an empirical juridical approach. Primary data obtained by the author from interviews with the parties concerned and a number of applicable laws and regulations, as well as secondary data that the author gets from the results of research related to this research. The results of the study prove that the application of the resort management system in Sabang City which is here at The Hawk Nest Resort Sabang, namely the application that occurs at The Hawks Nest Resort Sabang City, the owner of the resort here is also the party that submits all the capital and the type of business as well as the location of the business. While the manager only continues the business. At the beginning of the agreement that was carried out was that the resort manager only operated The Hawks Nest Resort Sabang City and later received wages for the work done. In Islam, this kind of practice is called wages. Therefore, the initial agreement between the resort owner and the resort manager did not work properly, resulting in non-compliance with the promised contract. Suggestions for the practice of applying the management system to The Hawk Nest Resort Sabang so that in the future management can be carried out clearly and with Islamic law so as not to cause disputes between parties.
Pelatihan Assesment untuk Pembelajaran Blended Learning Memanfaatkan Socrative di MTS Laboratorium Kota Jambi
Authors: Winarni Sri , Kumalasari Ade , Marlina Marlina , Junita Ranisa , Rohati Rohati
Published: July 2024

Online computer-based assessments will make it easier for teachers to conduct evaluations quickly and correctly. The time and costs required to prepare for exam activities can be reduced as effectively and minimally as possible. Online assessment applications that teachers can use include Socrative. Socrative software allows teachers to get immediate feedback from all students by downloading a free app to their phones. After the teacher formulates the question, the system will capture the student's answer and immediately produce graphs and statistics, which makes it easier for the teacher to evaluate the level of understanding of the concept being explained. This service aims to train teachers to use the Socrative application to make assessments in blended learning. The service activity is assessment training using Socrative for teachers in blended learning. The results of this service in the form of training show that teachers at MTs Laboratory have gained new insights regarding making assessments in blended learning and are very interested in implementing them in learning.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Eco-Fermentor Kompatibel di Kelurahan Mendalo Indah
Authors: Heriyanti Heriyanti , Bemis Restina , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Puspitasari Ratih Dyah , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Adriansyah Endi
Published: July 2024

Household organic waste is the largest contributor to total waste production. One effort that can be made to overcome problems caused by waste is through processing waste into eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is a multi-purpose liquid that can be used as a house cleaner, as well as as an effective natural fertilizer and pesticide. To make it easier to make eco-enzyme, it can be done using an eco-fermenter using simple technology. The eco-fermenter is designed using a semi-adiabatic principle with a volume of 60 liters, a kind of closed system that allows anaerobic fermentation to occur. Service activities were carried out in Mendalo Indah Village. Implementation of activities in the form of socialization and direct practice of making eco-enzyme using an eco-fermenter. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in residents' understanding about optimizing the use of organic waste into eco-enzymes by using an eco-fermenter.
Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Tkks) Sebagai Arang Aktif Untuk Penjernihan Air di Desa Muara Sebapo Kecamatan Mestong Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Muis Lince , Anggraini Febri Juita , Viareco Hariestya , Wijaya Dhian Eka
Published: July 2024

The need for clean water in Muara Sebapo Village remains a serious issue to this day. The water obtained by the community from dug wells or boreholes often appears yellow and has an unpleasant odor. This water typically has a high concentration of Fe3+ ions, causing the water to turn yellow and become odorous. On the other hand, Muara Sebapo Village has extensive oil palm plantations, which generate solid waste in the form of Empty Palm Fruit Bunches (EFB). Until now, this waste has been underutilized, and in some cases, it has been disposed of or burned. Therefore, efforts are needed to address this issue so that the community can access clean water and utilize waste wisely. In this program, outreach and education are conducted on how to treat well water using solid waste EFB effectively. EFB waste can be transformed into activated carbon, which can be used as a water purification medium in a water treatment unit in the plantation areas and the surrounding community. Activated carbon will act as an adsorbent capable of adsorbing metal ions and organic pollutants present in well water.
Sosialisasi dan Pemanfaatan Limbah Pinang Sebagai Sumber Hormon Etilen Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Buah Pinang Betara (Areca catechu Var. Betara) Di Desa Teluk Kulbi, Kecamatan Betara, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Asra Revis , Suprayogi Dawam , Adriadi Ade Adriadi , Maritsa Hasnaul , Defrizal Defrizal
Published: July 2024

Pinang betara (Areca catechu Var. Betara) merupakan varietas pinang unggul di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi yang dipasarkan di berbagai Pasar lokal Provinsi hingga diekspor ke berbagai Negara, seperti India dan Pakistan. Masyarakat di daerah ini kebanyakan memiliki usaha bertani pinang dan merupakan sumber utama pendapatan rumah tangga petani dibandingkan kegiatan di bidang selain pertanian pinang. Namun dalam menjalankan usaha ini, petani mengalami hambatan salah satunya kurangnya kontinuitas produksi buah pinang. Ada saat dimana pohon pinang berkurang buahnya bahkan ada pinang yang berhenti berbuah. Hal inidisebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan petani akan hormone etilen. Sementara sumber untuk produksi hormone etilen ada dilingkungan mereka sendiri. Pemanfaatan hormone etilen alami ini dapat merangsang dan meningkatkan buah pinang. Disamping itu proses pematangan buah akan lebih cepat jika menggunakan hormone etilen alami ini. Potensi limbah pinang seperti pelepah, daun, dan sabut pinang sebagai sumber etilen alami tidak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya ilmu pengetahuan yang dimiliki masyarakat. Oleh karena itu kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini diharapkan nantinya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan petani akan pemanfaatan limbah pinang sebagai sumber hormone etilen alami untuk meningkatkan produksi buah pinang. Jika produksi buah pinang meningkat, maka perekonomian masyarakat Desa Teluk Kulbi, Kecamatan Betara, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat juga akan meningkat. Hasil Pengabdian menunjukkan masyarakat petani pinang di desa ini antusias memanfaatkan limbah pinang dalam mendukung pertumbuhan pinang sebagai hormone etilen alami. Hasil diskusi menyatakan bahwa panen buah pinang yang diperoleh warga mengalami peningkatan produksi buah hingga 30 %.
Pendampingan Penerapan Teknologi Self Watering System Untuk Budidaya Tanaman Hias Indoor Bagi Petani Tanaman Hias di Kota Medan
Authors: Diningrat Diky Setya , Sibuea Abdul Muin , Asmin Asmin , Harahap Novita Sari , Sari Ayu Nirmala
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this Community Partnership Program (PKM) activity is to help partners, namely start-ups engaged in the downstream of biotechnology products, namely PT. G10 Agrotech in solving the problems it faces, namely the problem of stagnant marketing of ornamental plants produced by the G10 laboratory. To develop this business, partners want to be assisted in technology that can overcome the stagnant marketing of ornamental plants, and product standardization to expand the market that has been built so far, so that they can gain more trust from consumers and be further developed into superior products from this start-up. Self-watering system technology is believed to be the solution to the problems partners face. This technology allows ornamental plants to be grown indoors, where people no longer have adequate land and yard. This technology is a solution to increase sales turnover so that this business develops and creates jobs. The method used to achieve the objectives of this PKM activity is the method of education and training in the transfer of self-watering system technology and assistance in the production of tools and materials for developing self-watering systems. PKM activity carried out include; Providing direct education and training from related parties, and providing assistance in the production of tools and materials for the development of self-watering systems. It is hoped that this PKM program will produce superior standardized products that can compete globally.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTILABEL EMOTION CLASSIFICATION USING DATA AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ahanin Zahra , (Corresponding Author) Maizatul Akmar Ismail , Herawan Tutut
Published: July 2024

One of the challenges of emotion classification is the existence of low annotated datasets, that makes the task more complex. Certain existing datasets often suffer from imbalanced data for the emotion classes. Several data augmentation approaches can help to overcome the challenges regarding imbalanced datasets. However, the existing data augmentation techniques in emotion classification lack consideration for the contextual nuances of emotions and this area is still relatively underexplored. In this work, we study the impact of data augmentation on classification performance of three machine learning models including Logistic Regression, BiLSTM and BERT and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Specifically, we assessed Easy Data Augmentation (EDA) and contextual Embedding-based data augmentation (BERT) on two datasets. Based on the experimental results, we combined two BERT-based augmentation techniques including insert and substitute, to generate data for minority emotion classes. Furthermore, we proposed a data augmentation method using ChatGPT. Compared to the baseline models, incorporating the BERT augmentation techniques with BERT model resulted in improvements of +4.34% and +5.56% in Macro F1 score on the SemEval-2018 and GoEmotions datasets, respectively. Moreover, the proposed augmentation technique utilizing ChatGPT yielded improvements of +3.55% and +4.83% on the same datasets.
Tradisi Kesusastraan dalam Masyarakat Arab Yang Menjadi Pola Dasar Penulisan Sejarah Historiografi Arab Pra Islam
Authors: Nur Anisah Hasibuan  , Danil Muahmud Chainago  , Lukmanul Hakim
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini meluaskan pemahaman terhadap tradisi kesusastraan dalam masyarakatArab sebelum Islam, yang memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan historiografi Arab Pra Islam. Data yang digunakan berasal dari berbagai sumber sekunder yang ditemukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan, melibatkan berbagai jenis literatur, jurnal ilmiah, dan publikasi yang terkait dengan warisan sastra masyarakat Arab sebelum masa Islam. Metode penelitian melibatkan tahap pengumpulan sumber, kritik, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah. Masyarakat Arab pra Islam, dikenal sebagai Arab Jahiliyah, meskipun sebagian besar tidak buta huruf, namun keterampilan membaca dan menulis belum umum. Perkembangan di bidang kesusastraan memberikan dukungan kepada individu untuk merinci sejarah mereka secara unik, terutama mengingat konteks sosial yang ada pada periode tersebut kurang mendukung berkembangnya kebudayaan. Kehadiran penulisan sejarah atau historiografi masyarakat Arab sebelum masa Islam menjadi topik yang menarik untuk diselidiki. Historiografi Arab pra Islam, terutama Al-Ayyam, memberikan wawasan tentang kehidupan sosial, meskipun bersifat subjektif. Meskipun tidak dianggap catatan sejarah formal, dampaknya pada perkembangan kesusastraan dan historiografi Islam tetap signifikan hingga abad ke-8 M. Al-Ayyam juga memberikan inspirasi bagi sejarawan Islam berikutnya. Selain itu, tradisi Al-Anshab menyoroti perhatian masyarakat Arab terhadap silsilah, berperan penting dalam pemahaman sejarah keturunan mereka.
Kata Kunci: Historiografi, Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam, Tradisi Kesusastraan
Einleitung: Neue Vertrauensfragen? Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Reinhardt Karoline , Sinn Johanna
Published: July 2024

Vertrauen ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil menschlichen Lebens und menschlicher Interaktionen. Der vorliegende Schwerpunkt untersucht, ob Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz neue Vertrauensfragen aufwerfen, ob das Konzept des Vertrauens auf digitale Technologien angewandt werden kann und inwiefern es modifiziert werden muss, um den begrifflichen wie praktischen Herausforderungen, die mit dem Einsatz dieser Technologien verbunden sind, gerecht zu werden. Die Einleitung stellt einführend dar, wie Vertrauen bislang in der philosophischen Debatte verstanden wurde und welche neuen Fragen durch digitale Technologien aufgeworfen werden. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass, obwohl Vertrauen schon lange ein Thema der Philosophie war, insbesondere im Bereich digitaler Technologien Unsicherheit und Verletzbarkeit neue Formen annehmen, die Implikationen für Vertrauensbeziehungen haben und die es philosophisch zu reflektieren gilt. Die Beiträge des Themenschwerpunkts befassen sich dabei gleichermaßen mit übergreifenden Fragen zu Vertrauen im Kontext digitaler Technologien, wie auch mit Fragen des Vertrauens in konkreten Anwendungsfeldern wie der Medizin und Blockchaintechnologien.
Caveat usor: Vertrauen und epistemische Wachsamkeit gegenüber künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Hauswald Rico
Published: July 2024

Die aktuelle Diskussion zu künstlicher Intelligenz und Vertrauen ist einerseits durch etwas geprägt, was man „Vertrauens-Enthusiasmus“ nennen könnte. Dabei wird Vertrauen als eine Einstellung konzeptualisiert, die wir gegenüber KI-Systemen prinzipiell ausbilden können und – sofern und sobald diese Systeme entsprechend ausgereift sind – auch ausbilden sollten. Auf der anderen Seite wird diese Verwendungsweise des Vertrauens-Begriffs in einem signifikanten Teil der philosophischen Literatur mit großer Skepsis betrachtet. Zwei der in diesem Zusammenhang maßgeblichen Argumente lauten, erstens, dass ein Vertrauen in KI-Systeme nicht mit der für diese Systeme charakteristischen Intransparenz kompatibel sei, und zweitens, dass es auf eine Art Kategorienfehler hinauslaufe, zu sagen, man könne solchen Systemen „vertrauen“. Ich möchte in diesem Aufsatz für die Auffassung argumentieren, dass sowohl die enthusiastische als auch die skeptische Position problematisch sind. Gegen die skeptische Position wende ich ein, dass weder das Intransparenz- noch das Kategorienfehler-Argument letztlich überzeugen, und argumentiere, dass es zumindest eine natürliche Verwendungsweise des Vertrauensbegriffs gibt – Vertrauen als Haltung des Nicht-Hinterfragens –, die auch auf die Beziehung zu KI-Systemen angewandt werden kann. Andererseits wende ich gegen den Vertrauens-Enthusiasmus ein, dass dieser ein zu unkritisches Bild von Vertrauen zeichnet und dazu tendiert, dessen Risiken und Schattenseiten zu vernachlässigen. Ich setze dem enthusiastischen Bild das Prinzip Caveat usor entgegen und argumentiert, dass vernünftig dosiertes Vertrauen in KI-Systeme stets mit epistemischer Wachsamkeit einhergehen sollte.
„Trustless trust?“ – Zum Begriff des Vertrauens im Rahmen von Blockchainanwendungen
Authors: Stoppenbrink Katja , Pöll Eva
Published: July 2024

Gegen die in der Literatur zu Blockchainanwendungen verbreitete These, diese erforderten kein nutzerseitiges Vertrauen oder generierten ein neuartiges „vertrauenloses Vertrauen“, wird in diesem Beitrag zunächst gezeigt, dass auch in der Nutzung von Blockchainanwendungen Vertrauensbeziehungen eine Rolle spielen. Es wird dafür argumentiert, Vertrauen im Rahmen von Blockchainanwendungen als ‚Institutionenvertrauen‘ zu verstehen. Das klassische bilaterale interpersonale Vertrauensverständnis von Vertrauenssubjekt und Vertrauensobjekt bleibt dabei strukturell erhalten, die Zuschreibung von Vertrauenswürdigkeit durch das Vertrauenssubjekt erfolgt in einem default-and-challenge Modell. Dabei zeigt sich bereits aus begrifflichen Gründen: Je ‚sicherer‘ das System, desto weniger bedarf es nutzerseitigen Vertrauens. Vertrauen setzt Vulnerabilität voraus. Diese ist mit Blick auf Blockchainanwendungen bei den meisten Nutzer:innen in hohem Maße vorhanden.
‘Divers’ divers denken
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph
Published: July 2024

Was kann die ‚dritte‘ Geschlechtsoption jenseits von ‚weiblich‘ und ‚männlich‘ bedeuten? Auf der Grundlage der Entscheidung des deutschen Bundesverfassungsgerichts von 2017, welche die explizite Anerkennung einer dritten Geschlechtskategorie ‚divers‘ forderte, diskutiert dieser Beitrag die soziale Funktion von nichtbinären Geschlechtskategorien. Es argumentiert, dass die dritte Option nicht nur ein negativer Begriff ist, der beide traditionellen Geschlechter verneint. Sie muss auch als positive Kategorie (oder als Familie von Kategorien) gedacht werden, welche über eine Identifikation mit der Freiheit von traditionellen Geschlechtsidentitäten und Geschlechternormen gebildet ist. Die Kategorie ‚divers‘ kann deshalb keine einheitliche Identifikationskategorie sein. ‚Divers‘ soll vielmehr selbst als eine in sich diverse Kategorie gedacht werden – als ein offener Möglichkeitsraum. Wie weit kann aber die Diversifizierung der Geschlechtsidentität gehen? Der Beitrag argumentiert für eine kategorielle Pluralität der Geschlechtsanerkennung. Diese Position beinhaltet zwei Aussagen: (a) Die soziale, intersubjektive Geschlechteranerkennung braucht in der Tat Kategorien; eine vollständige Individualisierung von Geschlecht auch in dem Bereich ‚inter‘ ist nicht möglich und wäre auch nicht wünschbar. (b) Gesellschaften sollten es zulassen, dass die Geschlechtermatrix dynamisch erweitert wird, über nur zwei (oder nur drei) Kategorien hinaus. Die Gründe für diese Position werden in drei Schritten erklärt: (i) Die Pluralität von Geschlechtsidentitäten innerhalb des dritten Raumes ist eine soziale Tatsache, die zuerst einmal anerkannt werden muss. (ii) Pluralität innerhalb der dritten Geschlechtskategorie ist ethisch erforderlich, weil andere in sozialen Beziehungen ein Recht darauf haben, darüber anerkannt zu werden, als was sie gesehen werden wollen. Dieses Argument ergibt sich aus einer Rekonstruktion von Emmanuel Lévinas’ phänomenologische Ethik der Intersubjektivität. (iii) Aus der Dekonstruktion von Geschlechtsidentitäten in Werken von Judith Butler, Gundula Ludwig und Finn Mackay ist zu lernen, dass Geschlechtsidentitäten eine soziale Funktion haben: Sie machen Subjekte intelligibel, d. h. sie ermöglichen es anderen, sie zu ‚lesen‘. Deshalb müssen Geschlechtsidentitäten dem Leben des Individuums in Varianten auch vorgängig anerkannt sein und sie müssen eine Gemeinsamkeit für eine Mehrzahl von Menschen konstituieren.