bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Beeswax Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Detector (GC -MS ) Technique
Authors: Waś Ewa , Szczęsna Teresa , Rybak-Chmielewska Helena
Published: June 2014

Here we describe a method of hydrocarbon (alkanes, alkenes, dienes) identification and quantitative determination of linear saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) in beeswax using gas chromatography with a mass detector technique (GC -MS ). Beeswax hydrocarbons were isolated using a solid-phase extraction (SPE ) technique with neutral aluminum oxide (Alumina - N, 1000 mg, 6 mL), then were separated on a non-polar gas chromatography column ZB-5HT INFERNO (20 m×0.18 mm×0.18 μm). Qquantitative analysis of n-alkanes was conducted by the method of internal standard with squalane used as the internal standard. The basic parameters of validation (linearity and working range, limit of determination, repeatability and reproducibility, recovery) were determined. For all of the identified compounds, satisfactory (≥0.997) coefficients of correlation in the working ranges of the method (from 0.005 to 5.0 g/100 g) were obtained. The elaborated method was characterized by satisfactory repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility. The average coefficients of variation for the total n-alkanes did not exceed 2% under conditions of repeatability or 4% under conditions of reproducibility. The recovery for individual n-alkanes was above 94%; for their total content, it was 100.5%. In beeswax originating from Apis mellifera, n-alkanes containing from 20 to 35 carbon atoms in their molecules were determined. The total content of these alkanes was between 9.08 g and 10.86 g/100 g (on average, 9.81 g/100 g). Additionally, apart from the saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons and dienes were identified.
Assesment of the Interest Rates in the Serbian Banking Sector
Authors: Barjaktarović Lidija , Dimić Maja , Ječmenica Dejan
Published: June 2014

Lending interest rates (IR) in the Serbian market are generally viewed as high. In accordance with the official NBS (National bank of Serbia) data for 2010: lending (IR) was 10.4% p.a., deposit IR was 4.2% p.a., and spread was 6.3% p.a. At the same time, IR on cross-border loans was 3.7% p.a. It means that the use of cross-border loans was a better solution for companies which were in position to take them. The indicator of IR spread in Serbia got worse and came down to 106th position (it used to be ranked 90th in 2009; WEF). If we analyse the structure of IR spread, we can notice that there is room for decreasing the level of active IR in the area of country risk premium and funding spread. Pearson Correlation shows that IR has strong relation with return on assets and volume of collected deposits i.e. profit margin per product.
Estimation of Control Rod Worth in a VVER-1000 Reactor using DRAGON4 and DONJON4
Authors: Saadatian-derakhshandeh Farahnaz , Safarzadeh Omid , Shirani Amir Saiid
Published: June 2014

One of the main issues in safety and control systems design of power and research reactors is to prevent accidents or reduce the imposed hazard. Control rod worth plays an important role in safety and control of reactors. In this paper, we developed a justifiable approach called D4D4 to estimate the control rod worth of a VVER-1000 reactor that enables to perform the best estimate analysis and reduce the conservatism that utilize DRAGON4 and DONJON4. The results are compared with WIMS-D4/CITATION to show the effectiveness and superiority of the developed package in predicting reactivity worth of the rod and also other reactor physics parameters of the VVER-1000 reactor. The results of this study are in good agreement with the plant's FSAR.
Verification of the use of GEANT4 and MCNPX Monte Carlo Codes for Calculations of the Depth-Dose Distributions in Water for the Proton Therapy of Eye Tumours
Authors: Grządziel Małgorzata , Konefał Adam , Zipper Wiktor , Pietrzak Robert , Bzymek Ewelina
Published: June 2014

Verification of calculations of the depth-dose distributions in water, using GEANT4 (version of 4.9.3) and MCNPX (version of 2.7.0) Monte Carlo codes, was performed for the scatterer-phantom system used in the dosimetry measurements in the proton therapy of eye tumours. The simulated primary proton beam had the energy spectra distributed according to the Gauss distribution with the cut at energy greater than that related to the maximum of the spectrum. The energy spectra of the primary protons were chosen to get the possibly best agreement between the measured relative depth-dose distributions along the central-axis of the proton beam in a water phantom and that derived from the Monte Carlo calculations separately for the both tested codes. The local depth-dose differences between results from the calculations and the measurements were mostly less than 5% (the mean value of 2.1% and 3.6% for the MCNPX and GEANT4 calculations). In the case of the MCNPX calculations, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained for the spectrum with maximum at 60.8 MeV (more probable energy), FWHM of the spectrum of 0.4 MeV and the energy cut at 60.85 MeV whereas in the GEANT4 calculations more probable energy was 60.5 MeV, FWHM of 0.5 MeV, the energy cut at 60.7 MeV. Thus, one can say that the results obtained by means of the both considered Monte Carlo codes are similar but they are not the same. Therefore the agreement between the calculations and the measurements has to be verified before each application of the MCNPX and GEANT4 codes for the determination of the depth-dose curves for the therapeutic protons.
Distribution and molecular identification of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro
Authors: Đurić Zorica , Delić Duška , Hrnčić Snježana , Radonjić Sanja
Published: June 2014

Since 2010, the South American tomato moth - Tuta absoluta (MEYRICK, 1917) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) - has been recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and Montenegro. In 2012, pheromone traps were placed among tomato crops growing in greenhouses and open fields in 14 localities in B&H and Montenegro; the pest was caught at all the sites. Adults were caught in both greenhouses and open fields in Trebinje (B&H) on 4th June 2012 and in Ulcinj (Montenegro) in mid-May. Species identification was confirmed by means of morphological characters of adults and male genitalia. In addition, molecular identification of specimens from B&H and Montenegro was performed using mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers.
Contributions to the knowledge the scarab beetles of Golestan province, Northern Iran with checklist of Iranian Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)
Authors: Bunalski Marek , Samin Najmeh , Ghahari Hassan , Hawkeswood Trevor J.
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with the fauna of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) in Golestan province, Northern Iran. In total 19 species from 16 genera (Adoretus, Aphodius, Amphimallon, Cetonischema, Copris, Eulasia, Euonthophagus, Glaphyrus, Netocia, Onthophagus, Oxythyrea, Pentodon, Valgus, Polyphylla, Stalagmosoma, Trichius) were collected and recorded from this region. A checklist of Iranian Scarabaeoidea is provided.
MiR-30b is involved in methylglyoxal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells in rats
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhang Ning , Tian Da
Published: June 2014

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. EMT is at least in part caused by repeated exposure to glucose degradation products (GDPs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MiRNA contributes greatly to the EMT of PMCs. In this study, we tried to profile whether differences exist between the peritoneal membrane (PM) miRNA expression seen in control rats and that seen in rats injected intraperitoneally with MGO. We assessed whether miR-30b has a possible role in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats. Comparative miRNA expression array and real-time PCR analyses were conducted for the control group at the start of the experiment and for the MGO group after 1 and 2 weeks. During the second week, the MGO rats were treated with: a chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotide (ASO) complementary to the mature miR-30b (ASO group); an miR-30b mismatch control sequence (MIS group); or a citrate buffer (EMT group). Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) mRNA did contain a putative binding site for miR-30b. We also tried to investigate whether miR-30b targeted BMP7 in vitro by transfection. Of the upregulated miRNAs, miR-30b expression demonstrated the greatest increase. The administration of miR-30b ASO for two weeks significantly reduced α-SMA excretion and upregulated E-cadherin and BMP-7 expression. Our in vitro study showed that miR-30b directly targeted and inhibited BMP7 by binding to its 3’-UTR. Our results revealed that miR-30b is involved in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats.
Replicative Stress and the FHIT Gene: Roles in Tumor Suppression, Genome Stability and Prevention of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Karras Jenna , Paisie Carolyn , Huebner Kay
Published: June 2014

The fragile FHIT gene, encompassing the chromosomal fragile site FRA3B, is an early target of DNA damage in precancerous cells. While vulnerable to DNA damage itself, FHIT protein expression is essential to protect from DNA damage-induced cancer initiation and progression by modulating genome stability, oxidative stress and levels of accumulating DNA damage. Thus, FHIT, whose expression is lost or reduced in many human cancers, is a tumor suppressor and genome caretaker whose loss initiates genome instability in preneoplastic lesions. Ongoing studies are seeking more detailed understanding of the role of FHIT in the cellular response to oxidative damage. This review discusses the relationship between FHIT, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA damage in the context of cancer initiation and progression.
Analysis and Optimization of a Compressed Air Energy Storage—Combined Cycle System
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Liu Linzhi , Zhou Luyao , Huang Jian , Zhang Yuwen , Xu Gang , Yang Yongping
Published: June 2014

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a commercial, utility-scale technology that provides long-duration energy storage with fast ramp rates and good part-load operation. It is a promising storage technology for balancing the large-scale penetration of renewable energies, such as wind and solar power, into electric grids. This study proposes a CAES-CC system, which is based on a conventional CAES combined with a steam turbine cycle by waste heat boiler. Simulation and thermodynamic analysis are carried out on the proposed CAES-CC system. The electricity and heating rates of the proposed CAES-CC system are lower than those of the conventional CAES by 0.127 kWh/kWh and 0.338 kWh/kWh, respectively, because the CAES-CC system recycles high-temperature turbine-exhausting air. The overall efficiency of the CAES-CC system is improved by approximately 10% compared with that of the conventional CAES. In the CAES-CC system, compressing intercooler heat can keep the steam turbine on hot standby, thus improving the flexibility of CAES-CC. This study brought about a new method for improving the efficiency of CAES and provided new thoughts for integrating CAES with other electricity-generating modes.
Elucidation of the Specific Formation of Homo- and Heterodimeric Forms of ThbZIP1 and Its Role in Stress
Authors: Nie Xianguang , Ji Xiaoyu , Liu Yujia , Zheng Lei , Wang Yucheng
Published: June 2014

Protein–protein interactions are important for the molecular understanding of the biological processes of proteins. The dimerization of bZIPs (basic leucine zipper proteins) is involved in modifying binding site specificities, altering dimer stability, and permitting a new set of specific protein-to-protein interactions to occur at the promoter. In the present study, we studied the whether ThbZIP1 form homo- and heterodimers using the yeast two-hybrid method. Five bZIP genes were cloned from Tamarix hispida to investigate their interaction with ThbZIP1. Our results showed that ThbZIP1 can form homodimers with itself, and three out of five bZIPs could interact with the ThbZIP1 protein to form heterodimers. Real-time RT-PCR results suggested that these ThbZIPs can all respond to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA), and shared very similar expression patterns in response to NaCl, ABA or PEG6000. Subcellular localization studies showed that all ThbZIPs are targeted to the nucleus. Our results showed that ThbZIP1 are dimeric proteins, which can form homo- or heterodimers.
A New Criterion to Evaluate Water Vapor Interference in Protein Secondary Structural Analysis by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zou Ye , Ma Gang
Published: June 2014

Second derivative and Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) are two commonly used techniques to resolve the overlapped component peaks from the often featureless amide I band in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) curve-fitting approach for protein secondary structural analysis. Yet, the reliability of these two techniques is greatly affected by the omnipresent water vapor in the atmosphere. Several criteria are currently in use as quality controls to ensure the protein absorption spectrum is negligibly affected by water vapor interference. In this study, through a second derivative study of liquid water, we first argue that the previously established criteria cannot guarantee a reliable evaluation of water vapor interference due to a phenomenon that we refer to as sample’s absorbance-dependent water vapor interference. Then, through a comparative study of protein and liquid water, we show that a protein absorption spectrum can still be significantly affected by water vapor interference even though it satisfies the established criteria. At last, we propose to use the comparison between the second derivative spectra of protein and liquid water as a new criterion to better evaluate water vapor interference for more reliable second derivative and FSD treatments on the protein amide I band.
Characterization of Two Homogalacturonan Pectins with Immunomodulatory Activity from Green Tea
Authors: Wang Huijun , Wei Guodong , Liu Fei , Banerjee Gautam , Joshi Manoj , Bligh S. , Shi Songshan , Lian Hui , Fan Hongwei , Gu Xuelan , Wang Shunchun
Published: June 2014

Two natural homogalacturonan (HG) pectins (MW ca. 20 kDa) were isolated from green tea based on their immunomodulatory activity. The crude tea polysaccharides (TPS1 and TPS2) were obtained from green tea leaves by hot water extraction and followed by 40% and 70% ethanol precipitation, respectively. Two homogenous water soluble polysaccharides (TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b) were obtained from TPS1 after purification with gel permeation, which gave a higher phagocytic effect than TPS2. A combination of composition, methylation and configuration analyses, as well as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy revealed that TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b were homogalacturonan (HG) pectins consisting of a backbone of 1,4-linked α-d-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues with 28.4% and 26.1% of carboxyl groups as methyl ester, respectively. The immunological assay results demonstrated that TPS1-2, which consisted mainly of HG pectins, showed phagocytosis-enhancing activity in HL-60 cells.
Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Receptors in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Pan Jing , Guleria Rakeshwar , Zhu Sen , Baker Kenneth
Published: June 2014

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, is characterized by ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. There is no specific therapeutic strategy to effectively treat patients with DCM, due to a lack of a mechanistic understanding of the disease process. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RAR/RXR-mediated signaling has been implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, it has been reported that activation of RAR/RXR has an important role in preventing the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, through improving cardiac insulin resistance, inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses and the renin-angiotensin system. Moreover, downregulated RAR/RXR signaling has been demonstrated in diabetic myocardium, suggesting that impaired RAR/RXR signaling may be a trigger to accelerate diabetes-induced development of DCM. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of retinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and remodeling under diabetic conditions is important in providing the impetus for generating novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications and heart failure.
Hydrodynamically Lubricated and Grooved Biomimetic Self-Adapting Surfaces
Authors: Jackson Robert , Lei Jiang
Published: June 2014

In many machines and mechanical components, there is a need for new bearing technologies to reduce friction and wear, and provide precision control of motion when the load is varied. This can be provided by electronically controlled actuators and sensors on the surfaces, but then the system reliability can be an issue. In contrast, biomimetic surfaces can be created that adapt mechanically to variations in load. This work uses numerical methods to research the use of self-adapting surfaces for bearings that are based on the deformable nature of biological materials such as articular cartilage. These surfaces are designed to change their profiles to achieve a desired behavior, without any external control. The surfaces change their profile to control the film height and tilt of the bearing to a near constant value for different loads. If the surfaces are tilted, the grooved self-adapting surfaces will also react with a larger restoring moment than a conventional grooved surface. These surfaces could be beneficial to applications where electrical systems and controls are not feasible.
Effluent Mixing Modeling for Liquefied Natural Gas Outfalls in a Coastal Ecosystem
Authors: Samad Mustafa , El-Kheiashy Karim
Published: June 2014

Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) processing facilities typically are located on ocean shores for easy transport of LNG by marine vessels. These plants use large quantities of water for various process streams. The combined wastewater effluents from the LNG plants are discharged to the coastal and marine environments typically through submarine outfalls. Proper disposal of effluents from an LNG plant is essential to retain local and regional environmental values and to ensure regulatory and permit compliance for industrial effluents. Typical outfall designs involve multi-port diffuser systems where the design forms a part of the overall environmental impact assessment for the plant. The design approach needs to ensure that both near-field plume dispersion and far-field effluent circulation meets the specified mixing zone criteria. This paper describes typical wastewater process streams from an LNG plant and presents a diffuser system design case study (for an undisclosed project location) in a meso-tidal coast to meet the effluent mixing zone criteria. The outfall is located in a coastal and marine ecosystem where the large tidal range and persistent surface wind govern conditions for the diffuser design. Physical environmental attributes and permit compliance criteria are discussed in a generic format. The paper describes the design approach, conceptualization of numerical model schemes for near- and far-field effluent mixing zones, and the selected diffuser design.
Effects of Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis and Associated Gene Expression in Microalga Tetraselmis sp.
Authors: Adarme-Vega T. , Thomas-Hall Skye , Lim David , Schenk Peer
Published: June 2014

With the depletion of global fish stocks, caused by high demand and effective fishing techniques, alternative sources for long chain omega-3 fatty acids are required for human nutrition and aquaculture feeds. Recent research has focused on land-based cultivation of microalgae, the primary producers of omega-3 fatty acids in the marine food web. The effect of salinity on fatty acids and related gene expression was studied in the model marine microalga, Tetraselmis sp. M8. Correlations were found for specific fatty acid biosynthesis and gene expression according to salinity and the growth phase. Low salinity was found to increase the conversion of C18:4 stearidonic acid (SDA) to C20:4 eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), correlating with increased transcript abundance of the Δ-6-elongase-encoding gene in salinities of 5 and 10 ppt compared to higher salinity levels. The expression of the gene encoding β-ketoacyl-coenzyme was also found to increase at lower salinities during the nutrient deprivation phase (Day 4), but decreased with further nutrient stress. Nutrient deprivation also triggered fatty acids synthesis at all salinities, and C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased relative to total fatty acids, with nutrient starvation achieving a maximum of 7% EPA at Day 6 at a salinity of 40 ppt.
Potent Cytotoxic Peptides from the Australian Marine Sponge Pipestela candelabra
Authors: Tran Trong , Pham Ngoc , Fechner Gregory , Hooper John , Quinn Ronald
Published: June 2014

Two consecutive prefractionated fractions of the Australian marine sponge extract, Pipestela candelabra, were identified to be selectively active on the human prostate cancer cells (PC3) compared to the human neonatal foreskin fibroblast non-cancer cells (NFF). Twelve secondary metabolites were isolated in which four compounds are new small peptides. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic and chemical analysis. These compounds inhibited selectively the growth of prostate cancer cells with IC50 values in the picomolar to sub-micromolar range. Structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed.
Butyrolactone I Quantification from Lovastatin Producing Aspergillus terreus Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry—Evidence of Signalling Functions
Authors: Palonen Elina , Neffling Milla-Riina , Raina Sheetal , Brandt Annika , Keshavarz Tajalli , Meriluoto Jussi , Soini Juhani
Published: June 2014

Aspergillus terreus is an industrially important filamentous fungus producing a wide spectrum of secondary metabolites, including lovastatin and itaconic acid. It also produces butyrolactone I which has shown potential as an antitumour agent. Additionally, butyrolactone I has been implicated to have a regulating role in the secondary metabolism and morphology of A. terreus. In this study, a quantitative time-course liquid chromatography—electrospray ionisation—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) analysis of butyrolactone I is reported for the first time in nine-day long submerged cultures of A. terreus. Butyrolactone I was fragmented in the mass analysis producing a reproducible fragmentation pattern of four main daughter ions (m/z 307, 331, 363 and 393) in all the samples tested. Supplementing the cultures with 100 nM butyrolactone I caused a statistically significant increase (up to two-fold) in its production, regardless of the growth stage but was constitutive when butyrolactone I was added at high cell density during the stationary phase. Furthermore, the extracellular butyrolactone I concentration peaked at 48 h post inoculation, showing a similar profile as has been reported for bacterial quorum sensing molecules. Taken together, the results support the idea of butyrolactone I as a quorum sensing molecule in A. terreus.
A New Dusts Sensor for Cultural Heritage Applications Based on Image Processing
Authors: Proietti Andrea , Leccese Fabio , Caciotta Maurizio , Morresi Fabio , Santamaria Ulderico , Malomo Carmela
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we propose a new sensor for the detection and analysis of dusts (seen as powders and fibers) in indoor environments, especially designed for applications in the field of Cultural Heritage or in other contexts where the presence of dust requires special care (surgery, clean rooms, etc.). The presented system relies on image processing techniques (enhancement, noise reduction, segmentation, metrics analysis) and it allows obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information on the accumulation of dust. This information aims to identify the geometric and topological features of the elements of the deposit. The curators can use this information in order to design suitable prevention and maintenance actions for objects and environments. The sensor consists of simple and relatively cheap tools, based on a high-resolution image acquisition system, a preprocessing software to improve the captured image and an analysis algorithm for the feature extraction and the classification of the elements of the dust deposit. We carried out some tests in order to validate the system operation. These tests were performed within the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican Museums, showing the good performance of the proposed sensor in terms of execution time and classification accuracy.
Sensitivity of Pressure Sensors Enhanced by Doping Silver Nanowires
Authors: Li Baozhang , Xu Chengyi , Zheng Jianming , Xu Chunye
Published: June 2014

We have developed a highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on a piezopolymer and silver nanowires (AgNWs) composite. The composite nanofiber webs are made by electrospinning mixed solutions of poly(inylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Ag NWs in a cosolvent mixture of dimethyl formamide and acetone. The diameter of the fibers ranges from 200 nm to 500 nm, as demonstrated by SEM images. FTIR and XRD results reveal that doping Ag NWs into PVDF greatly enhances the content of β phase in PVDF. This β phase increase can be attributed to interactions between the Ag NWs and the PVDF matrix, which forces the polymer chains to be embedded into the β phase crystalline. The sensitivity of the pressure sensors agrees well with the FTIR and XRD characteristics. In our experiments, the measured sensitivity reached up to 30 pC/N for the nanofiber webs containing 1.5 wt% Ag NWs, which is close to that of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE), (77/23)]. This study may provide a new method of fabricating high performance flexible sensors at relatively low cost compared with sensors based on [P(VDF-TrFE), (77/23)].
Le lac de Saint-Andéol en Aubrac (Lozère) : essai d'interprétation de l'ensemble cultuel
Authors: Fau Laurent , Cantournet Claude , Crescentini David , Sauvage-Dieulafait Christine , Dieulafait Francis , Izac-Imbert Lionel , Pradalié Gérard
Published: June 2014

At an altitude of over 1200 m, the lake of Saint-Andéol is located in the middle of the pastures of the Aubrac plateau. With it is associated a text by Grégoire de Tours which evokes the existence of a church and alludes to numerous offerings traditionally made during an annual pilgrimage. A recent archaeological survey in the vicinity of the stretch of water localized the remains of a stone circle, of hillocks and of a fanum which confirm that this cult is inscribed in the longterm. For its part, an underwater intervention revealed protohistoric artefacts limited in number but very interesting. The study of these various finds is a contribution to the renewal of the knowledge of this exceptional site.
Aux marges de l’ancienne agglomération antique du Camp de César : Saint-Jean-de-Todon alias Saint-Jean-de-Rousigue (Laudun-L’Ardoise, Gard)
Authors: Ardagna Yann , Blanchard Delphine , Pélaquier Elie , Vidal Laurent , Seguin Maxime
Published: June 2014

Since 2002, the church of the Clunisian rural prieuré of Saint-Jean-de-Todon is the subject of programmed excavations. This religious building on a calcareous plateau overlooking the Rhone valley constitutes the most recent occupation of a Gallic then Roman town named the Camp of Caesar. It includes a nave closed by an apse and is 24,8 m long by 8 m wide. Ten excavation campaigns showed that the existing construction was built in several successive stages and possesses a complex history which may plunge its roots in the Vth or VIIth centuries and ends in the modern period. A cemetery in use between the second half of the IXth century and the end of the XIIIth century (twelve radiocarbon datings) extends to the South and West of the building. In recent years, exhaustive excavation became a priority because of its links with the various building phases and the exceptional preservation of tomb signalizations. The estimated total is about 200 graves and for the moment 141 anthropomorphic coffers and 141 secondary deposits have been studied.
Millau, La Granède (Aveyron) : une église paléochrétienne anonyme sur un éperon barré
Authors: Saint-Pierre Christophe
Published: June 2014

A new light is shed by recent historiography on the reoccupation phase of high altitude Protohistoric sites around the Vth century. More than the expression of a defensive preoccupation, this series of creations on such topographically remarkable sites, might indicate the reorganization of territories inherited from the High Empire city (Schneider 2001, 2007). Often surrounded with ramparts and equipped with a church, these sites seem to be realized by newly-installed powers. The excavations on the la Granède site aim at verifying whether this new model can be applied here ; the church on the barred spur might be a symbol of it.
L’église Saint-Martin-de-Castries dépendance de l’abbaye de Gellone sur le Larzac (La Vacquerie-et-Saint-Martin-de-Castries, Hérault)
Authors: Bergeret Agnès
Published: June 2014

The programmed excavation of the Saint-Martin-de-Castries site, on the Larzac plateau, revealed the existence of a late medieval rural village to which an ecclesiastical establishment succeeds. The first sanctuary, which is the result of a private initiative, is soon linked to the Gellone abbey. The evolution of the ecclesial site depended on this association until it was abandoned.
Premiers résultats concernant le site des Jardins de Saint-Benoît (Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse, Aude), pôle religieux et funéraire des Corbières
Authors: Gaillard Arnaud , Kacki Sacha , Puig Carole , Bénézet Jérôme , Corrochano Alexis
Published: June 2014

A real estate project is at the origin of the discovery and excavation of the site of the Jardins de Saint-Benoît in Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse, Aude. It revealed a vast cemetery surrounding the remains of a church with flat apse. The examined graves, of various forms and architectures, testify of the long-lasting function of the funerary pole. Indeed, the latter seems to appear before the end of the 8th century and last until the late Middle Ages, during which period the church is almost completely dismantled and the cemetery abandoned. The knowledge of the beginning of the site suffers from numerous documentary gaps. Although a monastic foundation is mentioned on the territory of the commune, the building brought to light could also correspond to the Saint-Benoit church or to another religious building, no mention of which reached us. The modalities of its abandonment are also vague. Yet, the possible role of the Black Death epidemic which occurred during the second half of the 16th century and is the testified cause of the death of several exhumed individuals can be evoked.
L’église et le cimetière du village déserté de Vilarnau à Perpignan (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Passarrius Olivier , Donat Richard , Catafau Aymat
Published: June 2014

The deserted medieval village of Vilarnau (Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales) consists in three poles which are only a few hundred metres apart. This twofold village (upstream and downstream village), with its two castles, its church and its cemetery, was the object of several excavation campaigns that allowed to reconstruct its history, from its birth in the vicinity of the church in the IXth century to its desertion in the middle of the XIVth century. The excavation of the ecclesial pole revealed the early creation of the cemetery, its partial occupation by profane installations (houses and storage pits), its demarcation by a powerful defensive wall, the houses that surround it at the end of the Middle Ages. Field data are completed by written documents evoking the first lords, feudal and later ecclesiatical, from the XIth to the XIVth centuries, then, at the end of the Middle Ages, the village people, the cultures and the destruction of the village by the soldiers of Pierre IV d’Aragon.
L'inscription du sacré dans l'espace templier. Pistes de réflexion sur quelques tours méridionales, XIIe-XIIIe siècles
Authors: Mattalia Yoan
Published: June 2014

Parmi les multiples formes d’organisation topographique adoptées par les maisons templières aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles, on observe, dans les diocèses de Cahors, Rodez et Albi, le choix du parti architectural de la tour. L’insertion de ces édifices dans l’enclos des maisons et leur organisation interne posent le problème de leur adaptabilité à l’accueil d’une communauté monastique, ainsi qu’à la mise en oeuvre des espaces nécessaires à la vie spirituelle des frères, comme l’édifice ecclésial. À l’aune d’une première confrontation des données, entre sources écrites et archéologiques, il est possible de poser les jalons d’un problème dont on a, jusqu’alors, rarement pris la mesure.
Le programme architectural d'un pôle seigneurial : la commanderie de Montfrin (Gard)
Authors: Carraz Damien , Aspord-Mercier Sophie
Published: June 2014

À la différence de commanderies implantées dans le plat-pays, les établissements insérés dans un tissu urbanisé ont rarement traversé les siècles postérieurs à la Révolution. La commanderie de Montfrin (Gard) dont la plupart des bâtiments médiévaux, bien que fortement dégradés, ont été fossilisés dans l’habitat actuel, méritait donc une étude. Les Templiers s’installèrent dans la basse vallée du Gardon au milieu du XIIe siècle à la suite d’une importante donation. Dès 1169, ils avaient érigé, dans la villeneuve de Montfrin, une domus et une église appelée à devenir un centre paroissial. Les chartes montrent que la construction se poursuivit pendant tout le XIIIe siècle et attestent de l’existence d’un certain nombre de bâtiments relevant de la vie monastique et de la fonction seigneuriale. Héritiers de la commanderie après 1312, les Hospitaliers réalisèrent, à la fin du Moyen Âge et après les guerres de Religion, un certain nombre de travaux que l’analyse du bâti et les visites prieurales permettent d’appréhender. L’enquête archéologique conduite en 2007 et en 2009 ne constitue qu’une première approche, mais elle a permis de rendre compte de l’intérêt architectural de ce complexe monumental et de déterminer l’évolution chronologique du plan d’ensemble. Peut-être née d’un binôme touraula, la commanderie s’est rapidement structurée autour de deux cours : l’une destinée aux fonctions résidentielles et seigneuriales, tandis que l’autre regroupa les communs. La présence de trois tours d’angle carrées et d’une rhétorique architecturale militaire, qui n’empêcha en rien le développement des espaces privatifs et des percements en façade, rattachent la commanderie de Montfrin aux palais aristocratiques urbains du Midi.
Le risque avalancheux en Islande (Snow avalanche hazard in Iceland)
Authors: Decaulne Armelle
Published: June 2014

Steep slopes, abundant snowfall, weak and unstable snow mantle are the main conditions to snow avalanche release in Iceland. The analysis of snow avalanche reports underlines the main hazardous areas in fjords of the north-western, northern and eastern coasts, even if such reports do not reflect the exhaustive snow avalanche activity during this time. This study emphasizes that radical changes in spatial practices lead to an exacerbation of the risk situation, then to the implementation of snow avalanche defence structures.
L'île de la Dominique (petites Antilles) exposée aux menaces volcaniques: une approche géographique de la vulnérabilité en contexte insulaire (The island of Dominica (Lesser Antilles) exposed to volcanic hazards : a geographical approach of vulnerability in an insular environment)
Authors: Lesales Thierry
Published: June 2014

L'évaluation de la vulnérabilité constitue une étape essentielle à la définition du risque. A partir du cas de l 'île de la Dominique, cet article propose une appréciation originale, fondée sur l'identification et la définition de facteurs de vulnérabilité aux menaces volcaniques. Les indicateurs physiques et socio-économiques retenus permettent à la fois une approche de la vulnérabilité de la Dominique et des comparaisons utiles entre différents espaces exposés dans les Petites Antilles et en Asie du Sud-Est. La combinaison de ces différents facteurs souligne un degré de vulnérabilité élevé de la société dominiquaise.
Mobilité et transferts de savoir : acteurs, réseaux, nouvelles stratégies (Mobility and transfer of knowledge actors, networks, new strategies)
Authors: Daviet Sylvie
Published: June 2014

Le «drainage des cerveaux» est devenu une question stratégique dans le contexte d'une mondialisation accrue et d'une économie fondée sur la connaissance. Sur la toile de fond que constitue la main invisible du marché, trois grands types d'acteurs sont individualisés dans cet article. La première partie est consacrée au rôle des Etats et à leurs politiques migratoires. Elle met en cause l'approche macro-économique du brain drain. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux acteurs individuels et aux réseaux à travers leurs stratégies de valorisation des compétences. Elle s'intéresse à l'approche en terme de brain gain et aux flux de retour. La troisième partie est consacrée au rôle des entreprises à travers leurs politiques de recrutement et d' expatriation des cadres. Elle souligne les obstacles à la mobilité promue par les entreprises. La conclusion met en évidence la dimension culturelle de la «migration des cerveaux» et son impact sur la dynamique des territoires.
Entre le social et le sensible, l'émergence d'un paysage ordinaire (Between social and sensitive : the appearance of an ordinary landscape)
Authors: Bigando Eva
Published: June 2014

Cette réflexion concerne le paysage ordinaire et plus exactement la sensibilité qu'affichent les individus socialisés à l'égard des paysages de leurs espaces de vie quotidiens. Nous tentons dans ces pages d'éclairer le lecteur sur les processus d'émergence de cette sensibilité de l'homme-habitant à son ordinaire paysager, notamment à la suite d'un événement géographique original : ici l'aménagement d'une autoroute. Cette approche, à la fois sociale et sensible, des rapports des individus et des sociétés à leur espace et à leur territoire s'inscrit au cœur d'une géographie sociale en plein renouveau.
Development of phylogenetic markers for Sebacina (Sebacinaceae) mycorrhizal fungi associated with Australian orchids
Authors: Ruibal Monica P. , Peakall Rod , Foret Sylvain , Linde Celeste C.
Published: June 2014

• Premise of the study: To investigate fungal species identity and diversity in mycorrhizal fungi of order Sebacinales, we developed phylogenetic markers. These new markers will enable future studies investigating species delineation and phylogenetic relationships of the fungal symbionts and facilitate investigations into evolutionary interactions among Sebacina species and their orchid hosts.

• Methods and Results: We generated partial genome sequences for a Sebacina symbiont originating from Caladenia huegelii with 454 genome sequencing and from three symbionts from Eriochilus dilatatus and one from E. pulchellus using Illumina sequencing. Six nuclear and two mitochondrial loci showed high variability (10–31% parsimony informative sites) for Sebacinales mycorrhizal fungi across four genera of Australian orchids (Caladenia, Eriochilus, Elythranthera, and Glossodia).

• Conclusions: We obtained highly informative DNA markers that will allow investigation of mycorrhizal diversity of Sebacinaceae fungi associated with terrestrial orchids in Australia and worldwide.
Novel microsatellite markers for the high‐alpine Geum reptans (Rosaceae)
Authors: Hamann Elena , Kesselring Halil , Stöcklin Jürg , Armbruster Georg F. J.
Published: June 2014

• Premise of the study: Geum reptans reproduces by outcrossing or by the formation of stolons. Sexual and clonal reproduction are not exclusive and occur mostly simultaneously. We developed novel microsatellite primers for this species, which will be used in a study about local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and random molecular divergence of alpine plants.

• Methods and Results: Twelve microsatellite primer sets were developed for G. reptans, of which nine were polymorphic. Initially, the forward primers had an M13 tail, and the allelic signals of each locus were amplified using a single fluorescent‐labeled M13 forward sequence. In the running phase, a multiplex PCR assay was developed using different fluorophore‐labeled forward primers. Two to 11 alleles were found per locus, depending on the studied population.

• Conclusions: Identical multilocus genotypes (i.e., clonal offspring) were not found because individuals in our sampling were at least 4 m distant from each other. FST–QST analysis will be applied to detect selection processes in populations of G. reptans across the Alps.
Microsatellite primers for Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) reveal that a single plant sires all seeds per pod
Authors: Lassen Kristin Marie , Kjær Erik Dahl , Ouédraogo Moussa , Nielsen Lene Rostgaard
Published: June 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for an indigenous fruit tree, Parkia biglobosa, as a tool to study reproductive biology and population structure. Here we use the primers to determine the number of fathers per pod.

• Methods and Results: Microsatellite loci were enriched in a genomic sample and isolated using pyrosequencing. Eleven primer pairs were characterized in two populations of P. biglobosa in Burkina Faso (each with 40 trees). The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 15, and one locus had null alleles. We genotyped seeds from 24 open‐pollinated pods. The genotypic profiles of seeds per pod suggest that all seeds are outcrossed and that only one pollen donor sires all ovules in a single fruit.

• Conclusions: Ten microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic. All seeds per pod of P. biglobosa were full siblings. The markers will be useful for reproductive and population genetic studies.
« Ah ! vous savez, on dit que... »
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Georges , Darchis Élisabeth
Published: June 2014

L’activité du croire est l’un des tout premiers modes du fonctionnement mental. L’analyste peut repérer la croyance dans la zone relativement floue entre le « JE » et le « nous » où s’organisent les compromis du groupe. Le droit à croire comme à douter a un rapport avec les bénéfices narcissiques identitaires et avec la constitution d’une personnalité dans l’appartenance et la sécurisation. Suite à une fragilité narcissique et identitaire la croyance oblige parfois l’individu soit à la soumission et à l’emprise d’autrui, soit à la révolte. L’analyse du contretransfert par rapport à ses propres croyances est essentielle dans les TFCP.
La croyance peut-elle être une aliénation de la pensée ?
Authors: Defontaine Jeanne
Published: June 2014

Dans ce texte l’auteur s’efforce de réfléchir sur les bonnes et mauvaises raisons de croire en s’appuyant sur la démarche critique des philosophes et en tentant de passer au crible la présence de la croyance dans la démarche analytique, dans ses aspects positifs et dans ses aspects religieux persistants voire idéologiques.
Gémellité et croyance familiale
Authors: Durmanova Helena
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article, on propose de montrer comment les croyances peuvent être pensées dans un dispositif de thérapie familiale psychanalytique. Il s’agit d’une situation clinique où la croyance familiale concerne les origines de l’histoire familiale où différents traumatismes se superposent : génocide arménien, schizophrénie, accouchement traumatique, explosions. Ils sont traités par des croyances qui originent le chaos familial dans la gémellité à défaut d’avoir pu le symboliser autrement. On fait l’hypothèse que la croyance tente ici de donner sens à l’impensé et à certains événements qui révèlent des répétitions imposées par le négatif transgénérationnel.
Tais-toi et prie !
Authors: Mevel Françoise
Published: June 2014

Croire est une fiction nécessaire à la vie psychique car sans reconstruction le monde nous serait définitivement fermé. Parmi les croyances humaines, l’idéologie trouve une place souvent revendiquée et se présente comme une expérience intrapsychique et intersubjective de tentative de maîtrise. L’idéologie étant une « modalité d’articulation entre le psychisme et le social » (R. Kaës, 1980), elle peut trouver, alors, dans la vie sectaire, un système fermé qui jugule les questions existentielles que sous-tend toute croyance. Une thérapie familiale illustre la croyance « en une vie meilleure ».
Croyance et construction subjective
Authors: Chevalérias Marie-Paule
Published: June 2014

Le rapport de la croyance à la parole est présenté par l’auteure à partir de l’analyse du premier entretien d’un jeune adolescent avec son père et sa belle-mère. La difficulté mutuelle à se faire entendre est repérée comme signe d’une fragilisation de la possibilité de croire en l’autre et en la vérité de sa parole. Ce moment de tension où l’expression subjective ne trouve plus l’adresse qui devait être la sienne est interrogé en lien avec ce qui a pu être mis à mal de la fonction paternelle suite à la désunion du conjugal et du parental. Le besoin de croire est approché dans cet exemple clinique comme essentiel à la construction subjective.
Le drapé du croire
Authors: Arènes Jacques
Published: June 2014

L’article analyse, dans une démarche d’anthropologie culturelle inspirée de la psychanalyse, les réaménagements contemporains du croire. Plus largement que la croyance religieuse, il cherche à saisir comment le croire est devenu une donnée « performative », qui participe, en une créativité transitionnelle individuelle, à la fécondité de l’illusion groupale. Dans le panthéon mythique de la psychanalyse, Hermès, le dieu de la métamorphose, pourrait rejoindre Œdipe, qui figure les bégaiements de l’Histoire. Mais Hermès peut-il se passer d’Œdipe ?
Croyances culturelles
Authors: Yahyaoui Abdessalem , Lakhdar Dhouha Ben Hadj
Published: June 2014

À partir d’une revue critique de plusieurs travaux de recherche, les auteurs dégagent l’intérêt clinique pour certaines croyances culturelles et mettent l’accent sur leurs fonctions protectrices et d’affiliation. Ils font également ressortir les fonctions homéostasiques et réorganisatrices de ces croyances pour l’économie psychique familiale et du groupe élargi. Par une vignette clinique, ils illustrent la force de ces dernières en proposant des ouvertures sur le plan clinique et quelques pistes en matière de prise en charge de la famille dans un contexte d’interculturalité.
L'héritage de Pichon-Rivière
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: June 2014

Enrique Pichon-Rivière (E. P.-R. ; 1907-1977) fut un précurseur qui a forgé nombre de concepts et les a appliqués à la clinique et à des pratiques aussi diverses que les analyses individuelle, de groupe, de couple, de famille, des institutions, de l’art, de la publicité, de la vie quotidienne. En approchant son œuvre, l’auteur s’attarde sur le concept de lien. Si les travaux d’E. P.-R. ont bénéficié d’une large diffusion mondiale, grâce à ses élèves notamment, c’est la rencontre de son œuvre avec le champ de l’intersubjectivité qui lui donne une grande actualité. D’où vient une si grande fécondité ? L’auteur essaie de répondre à cette question.
Dépression en famille
Authors: Bittolo Christophe
Published: June 2014

Cette présentation se propose d’étudier les dimensions groupales des troubles dépressifs. À partir d’une clinique de l’analyse de groupe, une configuration particulière des liens autour d’un patient déprimé est mise en évidence. L’auteur interroge en quoi cette configuration est l’actualisation d’une dynamique du groupe familial dont les caractéristiques et l’économie énergétique nous permettent de comprendre les modalités de régulation et de transformation de la souffrance dépressive.