bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL INITIATIVES OF HARYANA GOVERNMENT AND FARMER'S WELFARE
Authors: Kumar Dr. Pardeep
Published: May 2024

The agricultural landscape in Haryana, India, has undergone a transformative shift with the advent of digital technologies, specifically E-Portals encompassing social media and mobile applications.  Digitalization presents the opportunity to assist in tackling the agricultural sector's challenges and improve productivity and sustainability. Digital initiatives (E-commerce and E-Portals) in agriculture have a significant positive impact on agricultural production efficiency. It encourages rational allocation of agricultural factors and promotes sustainable development.Based on Available data from national surveys and existing literature on the implementation and effects of digital portals, Mobile applications, and social media in agriculture utilization of digital technologies. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, data taken from different sources like combining surveys, national surveys, existing literature, and data analytics to evaluate the adoption and utilization patterns of E-Portals, mobile applications and social media among farmers. The study aims to analyze the impact of E-Portals on farmers lives in Haryana. The research paper will focus on the E-Portals, Mobile apps and social media initiatives run by Government of Haryana. This research paper explores the multi-sided impact of these technological involvements on farmers in the region. Through a comprehensive study, we investigate how E-Portals have influenced various facets of farming practices, socio-economic conditions, and overall welfares of farmers in Haryana.Findings of this study reveal the extent to which farmers have integrated digital platforms into their daily routines for tasks such as market information access, crop management, financial transactions, and community engagement. Furthermore, the research explores the implications of E-Portals on improving market linkages, enhancing agricultural productivity, and contributing to sustainable farming practices.In addition to the positive outcomes, challenges and barriers faced by farmers in adopting and adapting to E-Portals are also analyzed. Issues such as digital literacy, connectivity constraints, and the socio-economic divide are examined to provide a holistic understanding of the technology's impact on different segments of the farming community.The research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, technology developers, and stakeholders aiming to enhance the effectiveness of E-Portals in agriculture. By understanding the dynamics of technology adoption among farmers in Haryana, this study aims to inform strategies that can bridge existing gaps, promote inclusivity, and ensure sustainable development in the agricultural sector. The study finds that regional digitalization can significantly raise agricultural total factor productivity, particularly in economically underdeveloped areas.
Opportunities and Countermeasures for the Development of Rural Cross-border E-commerce Under the Context of Digital Inclusive Finance
Authors: WANG Pinger , HAN Mengqi , YIN Jiahong , WANG Weixin
Published: May 2024

With the development of digital inclusive finance, rural cross-border e-commerce in China presents unique opportunities within the economic development framework. Using literature review and empirical analysis, this paper explores the opportunities and strategies for rural cross-border e-commerce under the backdrop of digital inclusive finance. It finds that digital inclusive finance can provide broader financial services to rural areas, reduce service costs, and promote the development of rural e-commerce and its related industries. The paper offers strategic recommendations for governments, financial institutions, and rural e-commerce enterprises to foster the healthy growth of rural cross-border e-commerce.
The Construction and Implementation of a Cross border E-commerce Talent Training Mechanism for Business English Empowered by Digital Intelligence
Authors: ZHANG Mei , ZHANG Weijian
Published: May 2024

The Construction and Implementation of a Cross border E-commerce Talent Training Mechanism for Business English Empowered by Digital Intelligence Abstract: The business English application-oriented talent training mode under the digital intelligence empowerment is to train business English talents with language+cross-border e-commerce practice+cross-cultural communication skills, which is in line with the national development strategy of "new liberal arts", "interdisciplinary" and "the Belt and Road". Through the linkage between schools and enterprises, the training mechanism adopts a cross integration approach of virtual context+ thinking activities +application activities by collaborating with enterprises to build a small seed studio. The course mechanism can deeply integrate experimental courses with other related courses, organically combine project-based learning with personalized training, explore students' comparative advantages, and create a full process and multi-stop teaching practice center. The course mechanism can cultivate the talent with national confidence, innovative concepts and risk awareness by promoting efficient collaboration between business English language courses and professional courses in terms of instrumental, humanistic, and business aspects.
The Founding of the JBIB: An Interview with Shirley Chewning
Authors: Smith Yvonne S.
Published: May 2024

As the wife of Dr. Richard C. Chewning, Shirley Chewning had a unique view of the early years of the JBIB. She was Dick Chewning’s sounding board, she typed many of his manuscripts, and she attended many CBFA conferences with him. We asked her to discuss the founding of the JBIB from her perspective.
First Century Groupthink: An Exegetical Case Study
Authors: Bell R. Mark
Published: May 2024

Certain groups discussed in the New Testament are exegetically tested for the purpose of determining whether or not symptoms of groupthink are evident. Robbins’ (1996) methods of social and cultural texture analysis are used along with ideological texture analysis to examine the underlying constructs impacting certain Christian and Jewish groups. The group known as the Sanhedrin is explored considering passages from the Gospel of John. The group called the Judaizers is similarly explored in consideration of passages from the books of Acts and Galatians. Janis’ (1982) work on the groupthink theory construct informs the findings of nine separate evidences of the groupthink theory in these first century groups which are summarily categorized. New Testament insight into overcoming groupthink is also briefly discussed.
An Annotated Bibliography of Biblical Studies and Theological Resources Potentially Useful to Business Scholars
Authors: Morrison Gregory
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to broaden the Christian business scholars’ perspective when addressing biblical passages and theological ideas relevant to business practice by becoming more faithful interpreters of the Bible and having a greater command of Christian theology and ethics.
Strategic Person and Organization Development: Implications of Imago Dei for Contemporary Human Resource Management
Authors: Jonsen Richard H.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines and compares the foundational assumptions of contemporary scholarship and practice on strategic human resource management to those embedded in emerging Christian faith-based approaches to business. An alternative ecumenical, biblically based set of assumptions for a Christian approach to strategic human resource management — or strategic person and organization development — is developed, along with corresponding set principles for future scholarship and practice.
Biblical Interpretation of Gary North’s Theonomy
Authors: Beed Clive , Beed Cara
Published: May 2024

Theonomy is the idea that the Mosaic Law should be practiced in modern societies. Theonomists reject the more usual belief that the civil and ceremonial laws of the Mosaic Law are no longer applicable. This approach to Christian economics has received little critical scrutiny, despite a volume of work by its main protagonist, Gary North. Reasons for its relative neglect appear to emanate both from within theonomy itself, and from Christian economics. This paper assesses the nature of biblical interpretation used within theonomy, illustrated in Gary North’s mammoth economic commentary on the book of Exodus. How North interprets matters of lending and interest in Exodus is the focus. His commentary extends far and wide beyond Exodus, even to Jesus. Some of these excursions are investigated here, including the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy, and Jesus too, whose instruction on lending and interest is compared to North’s interpretations. Since Jesus had so much to say on these matters, the second-to-last section considers how Jesus’ teaching on lending and interest is being practiced in the advanced capitalist economy and what scope may exist for its extension. With some caveats noted, North’s interpretations in Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy are substantially different from most biblical exegetes. His readings of Jesus, moreover, do not sit comfortably with most of them.
Toward A Transformative And Sustainable Practice Of Compassion In Workplaces
Authors: Lee Min-Dong P.
Published: May 2024

Compassion has received much attention in recent organizational scholarship as an important factor for creating an emotionally healthy workplace. This study contributes to the growing literature on organizational compassion by seeing compassion through the lens of Christian biblical theology. The biblical word for compassion is an emotive-action word that always demands holistic involvement of the compassion-giver in response to others’ suffering. Moreover, it requires interpersonal commitment and comes at a significant cost to the compassion-giver. Such understanding of compassion can help organizational leaders better appreciate the potential and limits of compassion and nurture truly transformative and sustainable practice of compassion in organizations.
Loving Foreign Workers in an Era of Growing Nationalism
Authors: Langenderfer John
Published: May 2024

This article explores how Christians in management can reflect God’s love for immigrants during an era of rising nationalism. With increasing globalization, it is likely that Christian managers are overseeing foreign employees. At the same time, there has been a recent political pushback against immigration, international trade, and globalism. While Christians disagree over the politics of nationalism, the Bible is clear that followers of Christ are called to serve and love individuals from other cultures. As a result, this article discusses various obstacles that foreign workers and their families currently face in transitioning to a workplace in a new country. Thereafter, the article proposes specific ways that Christian managers may aid foreign employees in overcoming those challenges in accordance with biblical examples and values.
Endings
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Review Board, Guidelines & Opportunities
Sosialisasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Zulhakim Zulhakim , Syamsussabri Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan mensosialisasikan PHBS Pada PAUD di Era Pandemi COVID-19. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan dilaksanakan pada 20 Maret 2022 di TK Suka Ceria yang berada Kelurahan Renteng, Kecamatan Praya, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Sasaran dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini sejumlah 87 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu dengan memberikan edukasi dan penyuluhan kepada siswa PAUD dan orang tua terkait dengan PHBS pada PAUD pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan perilaku terhadap siswa PAUD dalam menerapkan PHBS terutama pada masa pandemi COVID-19.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan Tanaman Obat Herbal Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) untuk Penyakit Diabetes di Lingkungan Geguntur
Authors: Almahera Almahera , Himayanti Yusfina
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu keadaan dimana metabolit yang terganggu, mengakibatkan tidak dapatnya pangkreas dalam menghasilkan insulin sesuai kebutuhan, atau insulin yang dihasilkan tidak bekerja secara maksimal, seperti kurangnya kemampuan insulin dalam meningkatkan konsentrasi glukosa dalam darah, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada system tubuh, khususnya pembuluh darah dan saraf, sehingga dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang kronis. Maddaloni et al (2020) menyatakan bahwa di Indonesia masih menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan kejadian diabetes. Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan peringkat ke 6 di dunia sebagai penyandang diabetes. Terhitung mulai dari usia 20-29 tahun, total jumlah sekitar 10,3 jt orang. (Dinata, 2022) Pengobatan diabetes mellitus adalah pengobatan menahun dan seumur hidup. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan penerapan dalam pemanfaatan tanaman herbal sereh untuk menurunkan gula darah pada lansia. Sasaran dalam kegiatan adalah lansia yang berada di lingkungan Geguntur berjumlah 10 peserta. Metode dalam pengabdian ini berupa sosialisasi tanaman herbal sereh untuk menurunkan gula darah. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan penerapan mengenai tanaman herbal sereh untuk menurunkan gula darah pada lansia di lingkungan Geguntur.
A chemically-induced attenuated strain of Candida albicans generates robust protective immune responses and prevents systemic candidiasis development
Authors: Bose Swagata , Sahu Satya Ranjan , Dutta Abinash , Acharya Narottam
Published: May 2024

Despite current antifungal therapy, invasive candidiasis causes >40% mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, developing an antifungal vaccine is a priority. Here, we could for the first time successfully attenuate the virulence of
Candida albicans
by treating it with a fungistatic dosage of EDTA and demonstrate it to be a potential live whole cell vaccine by using murine models of systemic candidiasis. EDTA inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of
C. albicans
. RNA-seq analyses of EDTA-treated cells (CAET) revealed that genes mostly involved in metal homeostasis and ribosome biogenesis were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Consequently, a bulky cell wall with elevated levels of mannan and β-glucan, and reduced levels of total monosomes and polysomes were observed. CAET was eliminated faster than the untreated strain (
Ca
) as found by differential fungal burden in the vital organs of the mice. Higher monocytes, granulocytes, and platelet counts were detected in
Ca-vs
CAET-challenged mice. While hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression caused the killing of
Ca
-challenged mice, a critical balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines-mediated immune responses are the likely reasons for the protective immunity in CAET-infected mice.
Hosts Manipulate Lifestyle Switch and Pathogenicity Heterogeneity of Opportunistic Pathogens in the Single-cell Resolution
Authors: Wang Ziguang , Li Shuai , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Tianyu , Wu Yujie , Liu Anqi , Wang Kui , Ji Xiaowen , Cao Haiqun , Tan Eng-King , Wang Yongcheng , Wang Yirong , Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

Host-microbe interactions are virtually bidirectional, but how the host affects their symbionts is poorly understood. Here, we report that the host is a critical modulator to regulate the lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of the opportunistic pathogens
Serratia marcescens
utilizing the
Drosophila
and bacterium model system. First, we find that
Drosophila
larvae efficiently outcompete
S. marcescens
and typically drive a bacterial switch from pathogenicity to commensalism toward the fly. Furthermore,
Drosophila
larvae reshape the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of
S. marcescens
characterized by a lifestyle switch. More important, the host alters pathogenicity and heterogeneity of
S. marcescens
in the single-cell resolution. Finally, we find that larvae-derived AMPs are required to recapitulate the response of
S. marcescens
to larvae. Altogether, our findings provide an insight into the pivotal roles of the host in harnessing the life history and heterogeneity of symbiotic bacterial cells, advancing knowledge of the reciprocal relationships between the host and microbiome.
O impacto das características da rede no desempenho de protocolos IoT
Authors: Santos Gabriel Oliveira , Faria Rodrigo Cavalcante , Vasconcelos Rafael Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Este estudo aborda a Internet das Coisas (IoT), destacando a importância dos protocolos de comunicação, como AMQP, HTTP e MQTT. O objetivo é avaliar o desempenho desses protocolos em diversas condições, visando auxiliar na escolha do mais adequado. Para isso, programas foram implementados para realizar tarefas utilizando os protocolos em ambientes controlados, com o uso da ferramenta NetEm para emulação de rede. Os protocolos foram testados em seis cenários distintos. Foram apresentadas informações sobre as implementações dos ambientes de teste, bem como sobre a metodologia empregada. Os resultados foram analisados e apresentados em gráficos de linha, evidenciando a ineficiência do protocolo HTTP em todas as métricas estudadas. Em contraste, os protocolos AMQP e MQTT mostraram resultados próximos, com o MQTT sendo mais eficiente em termos de tráfego de pacotes e bytes na rede. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão do desempenho desses protocolos e pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão para escolha de protocolos em aplicações de IoT.
Repeatability of Corneal Aberrations and Ocular Biometry Measurements Using the Pentacam® AXL: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Almutairi Meznah S , Altoaimi Basal H , Fahmy Rania , Algowaifly Shatha I , Alenazi May S
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Accurate assessment of ocular biometry and corneal aberrations for diagnosis and therapy is crucial in many clinical settings. Devices to improve the measurements of these parameters are constantly being developed. Aim: To evaluate the repeatability of ocular biometry and corneal aberrations obtained by the Pentacam® AXL in normal eyes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Optometry Department of King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from September 2021 to February 2022. The study included a total of 120 eyes from 60 normally sighted adult participants whose of ocular biometry and corneal aberrations were measured three times in a single session using the Pentacam® AXL. Biometric parameters include Axial Length (AL), mean K-reading (Km), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), and Horizontal White-toWhite Distance (HWTW). The aberrometry parameters include the most significant corneal higher-order aberrations (coma, trefoil, spherical aberration), and the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the higher-order aberrations. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject Standard Deviation (SDw), the repeatability limit (r), and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: The current study included 120 eyes of 60 subjects with a mean age of 21±2.08 years (range: 18 to 28 years). The repeatability was good for all recorded biometric measurements, with the most repeatable being AL (r=0.028, SD=0.01). All values of ICC for biometric measurements revealed excellent repeatability, being over 0.994. In addition, coma and spherical aberrations had excellent repeatability with ICC ≥0.935, and RMS, trefoil, secondary astigmatism, and quadrafoil aberrations had good repeatability with ICC 0.938, 0.823, 0.898, and 0.827, respectively. Conclusion: The Pentacam® AXL demonstrated good repeatability for ocular biometry and corneal aberrations in healthy eyes.
Assessment of the Effect of Auto-mechanic Activity on Microbial Population and Availability
Authors: U.B. Okobia , Igbuku, A.U  , J.O. Orogu, , J.I Okinedo , A. J. Anozie
Published: May 2024

The long-term presence of the resulting pollutants in the soil increases concerns about soil microorganism poisoning, which can lower soil fertility, which is dependent on both the type and quantity of microorganisms living there as well as the soil's chemical makeup. Contaminated soil samples were collected using a soil auger in a randomized method along transect of automobile mechanic workshop within the study area. Result obtained from laboratory analysis indicates considerable reduction in bacteria population as a result of petroleum pollution around auto mechanic workshops in the study area. Laboratory analysis indicates that only Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp were identified in polluted soil samples and this is due to petroleum effects which has affected the existence of other species as compared to the control sample. Petroleum pollution has continued to have its effect on population of fungi in soil especially in places were spills are persistent. Result on fungi pollution reveals that auto mechanic activities and its spill actions reduces fungi population. This is seen through reduction in fungi count for polluted and pollution free soil (control). Research has proven that these action from man affects negatively the population of bacteria by affecting respiratory processes. Laboratory results indicates that spent oil spill from auto mechanic activity has a direct effect on microbial population in soil. Protection of soil microorganisms should be adopted through prevention of Spent oil spill around soil at auto mechanic workshop by setting up appropriate collection drums and containers.
The Effect of Benzene Exposure on Liver and Kidney Function in Human
Authors: Tarhuni Abdelmetalab , Mohamed Huda , Younes Aisha , Ebrahim Aya , Hassan Aya , Salem Nour Alhuda , Abdullah Omima Esam
Published: May 2024

Background: Exposure to benzene in the workplace causes health issues for the workers, it has negative impacts on the blood, liver, and kidney. Also, it is classified as carcinogenic.
Methods: This study is cross-sectional; it involved 32 participants; 16 exposed to benzene and 16 non-exposed. The sample was collected by filling out a questionnaire and taking blood samples to test liver and kidney functions.
Results: This study found that the means of AST and ALT levels of exposed workers were lower than the control group, while the mean level of ALP was higher. Moreover, it did not find a relationship between qualification, years of experience, age, and level of liver enzymes of exposed participants, however, it reported a positive correlation between smoking and bilirubin level. On the other hand, there are no statistical differences between the two groups in the levels of urea and creatinine, but the mean of urea level was quite higher in the exposed group than non-exposed. Besides, there are no associations between urea and creatinine levels and age, qualification, smoking, and years of experience.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated a clear association between exposure to benzene and its effect on the liver. Therefore, suitable precautions should be taken to protect the workers in the gas station.
Analysing the Composition of Commercial Turmeric Powder: Assessing Contaminants and Its Impacts Curcumin and Water-soluble Vitamins Levels
Authors: Ankamah Seth , Larbie Christopher , Tandoh Marina , Afram Kate Nana Ama , Agbeka Godwin
Published: May 2024

Aims: Turmeric, with its active component curcumin, has garnered global attention for its medicinal benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to analyse turmeric powder obtained from the Greater Accra Metropolis for nutrients and contaminants.
Study Design: Experimental.
Place and Duration of Study: Entrance Pharmaceuticals, Accra for 6 months.
Methodology: 22 samples from 10 different processing sites and open markets were tested using physical and chemical methods. HPLC identified curcumin, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and pyridoxine levels. An independent t-test was done to compare concentrations of these nutrients in the powdered turmeric samples from the two sources.
Results: Assessment showed no yellow lead salts but 9.1% were adulterated with chalk, and 91% contained metanil yellow. Curcumin (2014.95 vs. 567.79), riboflavin (21.60 vs. 1.75), thiamine (14.75 vs. 0.65 mg/mL), pyridoxine (9.35 vs. 0.65 mg/mL), and ascorbic acid (0.00 vs. 101.60 mg/mL) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in processed samples than open market ones. Samples without adulterants had higher curcumin and micronutrient levels.
Conclusion: Strengthening monitoring programs is crucial to tackling food adulteration concerns.
Lupus Journey: The Challenge of Obstructıve Hydrocephalus
Authors: Gökten Dilara Bulut , Gökten Murat , Mercan Ridvan
Published: May 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition known for its diverse clinical presentations. Neuropsychiatric SLE refers to neurological or psychiatric symptoms that arise once other potential causes have been ruled out. While hydrocephalus occurring in the context of SLE is exceedingly rare and its underlying mechanism remains elusive, its recognition is crucial for informed management decisions. A 20-year-old female patient, diagnosed with SLE, had been under our rheumatology clinic's care for two years. She recently presented with confusion, which emerged a year after her initial diagnosis. Brain tomography revealed obstructive hydrocephalus, and subsequent investigations ruled out other potential causes, linking the condition to her clinical SLE. After consulting with a neurosurgeon, a ventricular drainage catheter was inserted. In response to this hydrocephalus development, a regimen of pulse steroid therapy was administered. Following this, mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed as an immunosuppressant agent and her clinical condition was successfully stabilized.
The Function of RNA Interference (RNAi) in Crop Enhancement- Mechanism and Applications: A Review
Authors: Kaur Harmanpreet , Talekar Nilesh
Published: May 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The overview starts with the fundamental finding of the mechanism of RNAi, following its journey from petunias to its ubiquitous presence in a wide range of species. The discovery of several kinds of regulatory non-coding small RNAs, including as phasiRNAs, miRNAs, and siRNAs, has broadened our knowledge of RNAi-mediated gene regulation beyond what is previously thought. These RNA types have an impact on gene expression through complex post-transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. RNA interference (RNAi) has become a potent tool for comprehending gene activities in the context of crop improvement. It has shown to be useful in determining the functions of genes for metabolic pathways, stress tolerance, and more. Furthermore, RNAi-based strategies have potential for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management, supporting international efforts to ensure food security. The many uses of RNA interference (RNAi) are covered in this article, including improving crop nutrition, changing plant architecture, and increasing shelf life. The challenges and future prospects of RNAi technology are also explored. The worldwide geography of RNA interference research is emphasized, with notable contributions from North America, Europe, and China. In conclusion, RNA interference (RNAi) continues to be a flexible and essential tool in contemporary plant research, providing new pathways for understanding gene activities and enhancing crop characteristics. Its combination with other biotechnological techniques, such as gene editing, might influence how agriculture and sustainable food production develop in the future.
Yield, Yield Attributes and Weed Biomass of Rice (Oryza sativa L) as Influenced by Weed Control Treatments
Authors: Manisha . , Verma Nagendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

The present investigation was conducted during the Kharif of 2019 at Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and ten weed management treatments viz. Pretilachlor (PE )750 g ha-1 , BispyribacNa  (PoE ) 25  g ha-1 , Fenoxaprop-p-ethy (PoE)  l 56.25 g ha-1 ,  Cyhalofop-buty (PoE ) l 80 g ha-1 ,Penoxsulam+ Cyhalofop butyl (PoE )  135 g ha-1,  Penoxsulam(PoE )  22.5 g ha-1 ,  Metsulfuronmethy ( early PoE ) l 4 g ha-1 ,  2,4-D Ethyl Ester  (PoE ) 750 g ha-1 ),  weed free (HW)  ,  at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing and  weedy check  . Result was found that among the weed management treatments, the weed free treatment  registered significantly highest value and was at par the application of  Penoxsulam+ Cyhalofop butyl 135 g ha-1 , yield attributing characters, grain and straw yield and dry matter of Alternanthera sessilis it was found the lowest value in the application of  Penoxsulam+ Cyhalofop butyl 135 g ha-1 (T5).
Effect of Natural Dye Extracts on the Absorbance Characteristics of TiO2 in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Cookey P.S. , Amakoromo T.E. , Awuhe T.T.
Published: May 2024

Natural dye extracts from Chinese Ixora (Ixora chinensis) flower, Cassod flower (Cassia Siamea), Cassava leaf (Manihot Esculenta), purple heart (Tradescantia Pallida) and Copper leaf (Acalypha Wilkesiana) have been explored as sensitizers for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. The properties of the dyes were investigated using the FTIR and they all showed broad absorption bands in the 3800 to 3000cm-1 wavelenght and strong presence of intermolecular H-bonds. The effect of dye extracts on the absorbance and transmittance features of TiO2 was well studied by the UV-VIS and the absorbance peak was in the case of sensitization with Manihot Esculenta seen to radically improve above 1.0 at 350nm wavelength. Finally, the current and voltage characteristics of the DSSC were studied in sunlight and at a peak sunlight intensity of 601m/w2, the Manihot and Cassod sensitized devices exhibited maximum voltage values of 115 and 84mV respectively and maximum current values of 4.32 and 2.99mA. These plants have shown great potential for application in fabrication of cost effective and environmentally friendly DSSCs.
Modelling Time to Recovery from Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdo Shambel Selman , Wanore Denebo Sebaro , Teni Derbachew Asfaw , Ejamo Lombamo Abebe
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global heath threat, resistant to key anti-TB drugs.  It is ranked among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Therefore, the current study investigated time to recovery from MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia.
Data, Materials and Methods: Restrospective data from selected hospitals in SNNPR (January 2016 to December 2021) were analyzed. A cluster sample of 301 MDR-TB patients (131 NEMMCH, 121 BH, 49 AGH) was considered.
Results: Among the 301 cases, 116 (38.5%) were censored. While 185 (61.5%) were recovered. Parametric shared frailty models were employed to account unobserved heterogeneity among the Hospitals and patients and AFT models were employed. the median recovery time of MDR-TB is 22 months. The clustering effect of frailty model was hospitals. Weibull-gamma shared frailty model was appropriate for this data.
Conclusion: The final model showed that males have higher recovery rates than females. Extra pulmonary MDR-TB and Urban residency correleted with  longer recovery times.  The recovery rate increases with increasing baseline weight, education level, and occupation. But, the recovery rate decreases with smoking, co-morbidities, previous drug history, history of TB, and alcohol use
Recommendation: All concerned bodies should be cognizant on the risk factors of MDR-TB in SNNP region By providing on early case detection and appropriate treatment of drug-susceptible MDR-TB, since it is essential to shorten the recovery time of MDR-TB patients in line with WHO guidelines
„Korrespondenz“ als Gesetzgebungstechnik – Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten und rechtliche Wirkungen, dargestellt am Beispiel von § 3 Nr. 40 S. 1 Buchst. d EStG
Authors: Plesdonat Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Mit dem Begriff einer „Korrespondenz“ wird in der Steuerrechtswissenschaft herkömmlich ein rechtlicher Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Besteuerungen beschrieben. Wie ein derartiger Zusammenhang gesetzestechnisch ausgestaltet und umgesetzt werden kann, insbesondere auch, zu welchem Rechtsakt mit einer Korrespondenz eine Abhängigkeit begründet wird, wird regelmäßig nur beiläufig behandelt. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Besteuerung einer Gewinnausschüttung im Teileinkünfteverfahren nach § 3 Nr. 40 S. 1 Buchst. d EStG auf, weshalb und wie sich eine Korrespondenz sinnvoll als eine Gesetzgebungstechnik beschreiben lässt. Unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen rechtlichen Wirkungen wird dargestellt, welche Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten dabei von gesetzgeberischer Seite bestehen.
Chromium and Chromium Alloys
Authors: Papp John F. , Lipin Bruce R.
Published: April 2010

Chromium metal, chromium alloys, and chromium compounds used in metallurgy are reviewed in this article. Chromite ore can be found in many rock types, but the host rocks for economically important chromite deposits are called peridotite and norite. South Africa and Zimbabwe hold about 80% of the
in situ
contained chromium. A wide variety of mining technologies are applied to the surface and subsurface mining of chromite ore. Ferrochromium is obtained by the smelting of chromite ore. Ferrochromium is used in the steel industry. Chromium metal is produced by electrodeposition or aluminothermic reduction of ore. Economic data, specifications, and shipments are discussed. Chromium is a trace mineral required by the human body. Chromium and its compounds are regulated by the EPA and OSHA. Recycled scrap stainless steel is an important source of chromium. Chromite is used in the metallurgical, chemical, and refractory industries. An important compound, sodium dichromate, is converted to chromic acid, but some of it is used by several industries. Production of stainless steel and heat‐resistant steels is the major use for chromium. Other uses include wood preservation, electroplating, chemical production, magnetic recordings, media catalysts,refractory materials, pigments, and foundry sands.
Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Economic Evaluation
Authors: Moskowitz Sanford
Published: April 2010

The synthetic organic chemicals industry supplies materials to a wide range of industrial operations, which include plastics, fibers, solvents, biochemical agents, food chemicals, and construction materials. The sectors increasingly affected by organic chemicals include electronics and telecommunications, the automotive and transportation industry, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental remediation, and the food sciences.

This article gives economic data and patterns for important organic compounds (eg, methanol, ethylene, benzene, propylene,
etc
.) Economic data include U.S. and international general trends, regional patterns, consumption, supply, and demand. History and process technologies are discussed. Environmental data include information on organic chemicals that have come under regulatory control (eg, methyl‐t‐butylether and the chlorofluorocarbons).
Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Kramer Deborah A.
Published: April 2010

Magnesium is the world's most readily available metal and occurs naturally in minerals, brines, and seawater. Magnesium metal is prepared commercially by two types of processes. In the first, magnesium chloride is recovered from raw materials and converted to metal by molten salt electrolysis. In the second, magnesium oxide, along with silicon or aluminum, is reduced at high temperatures. Magnesium metal can be cast into a variety of shapes and sizes of ingots, or alloyed with other metals. Pure magnesium is used for making aluminum alloys, the desulfurization of steel, and the manufacture of ductile iron. Magnesium alloys are used mainly in die and sand casting and in the manufacture of wrought products. Alloy composition is varied to obtain the physical and mechanical properties needed for specific applications. Recycled magnesium is derived from two sources: aluminum‐and magnesium‐based scrap. The U.S. recycles magnesium from both old and new scrap. Magnesium is essential to most plant and animal life.
Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys
Authors: Penrice Thomas W.
Published: April 2010

Tungsten is a silvery‐gray metallic element. It was first discovered in 1775 and as a metal in 1783. Metallic tungsten was first produced by the carbon reduction of tungstic acid and was termed wolfram. Tungsten is now the name used, but the chemical symbol remains as W. Tungsten has a very low vapor pressure, the highest melting point of any metal, and the highest tensile strength of any metal above 1650 degrees C. Tungsten occurs in a number of mineral forms, the most important are scheelite and wolframite. The benefication and hydrometallurgy are described along with the principal intermediate compounds used to make the metal powder. The highest reserves of tungsten are found in China. The instability of the market and economic conditions favor recycling of the metal. Tungsten's main use is in production of cemented carbides for cutting and wear resistant materials. It is also used to produce alloys for applications requiring high density such as eleclrodes, filaments and wires, and in other electronic components and in the manufacture of superalloys.
Intelligent Packaging
Authors: Yam Kit L. , Takhistov Paul T. W. , Miltz Joseph W.
Published: April 2010

Intelligent packaging is based on the science and technology that can carry out intelligent functions such as detecting, sensing, recording, communicating and applying scientific logic. Two basic types of smart package devices are data carriers (such as bar code labels and RFID tags), which are used to transmit data and package indicators (such as time‐temperature indicators, gas indicators, biosensors), which are used to monitor the external environment and issue warnings when needed. Intelligent packaging is used to enhance food safety, biosecurity, food quality, and convenience. Future research needed to ensure the smooth application of intelligent packaging principles is detailed.
Some Intrinsic Features of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic Acids: Integration of Theory and Experiment
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: April 2010

Introduction

Analysis of Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions

Computational Approach

Lone Pair–Lone Pair Repulsion

Comparison of Prototypical Examples

Oxime Isomerism

Hydrogen Bonding

Acidity/Basicity

Global and Local Polarizability

Conclusion

Acknowledgment
Eat Me… Drink Me…
Authors: Lally Sean
Published: April 2010

Sean Lally of WEATHERS lets out a rallying cry to all architects. He calls on them to make environmental conditions the subject of design rather than regarding them as a standardised part of a building's services. Here he highlights the potential of material systems, which are usually applied to conditioning the interiors of buildings, in the generation of new forms and activities; whether it is in the honing of the performance aspect of a building's function, as in the Water Cube at Beijing (2008), or in the seasonal planning that underpins the concept behind WEATHERS' Wanderings project (2008‐9). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bugs, Bats and Animal Estates: The Architectural Territories of ‘Wild Beasts’
Authors: Campkin Ben
Published: April 2010

For architecture, animals and insects have conventionally represented the threat of infestation ‐ a parasitic and insanitary uninvited presence. Could the animal world, however, offer previously untapped opportunities for design innovation? At a time when the relationship between architecture and nature is coming under question, Ben Campkin takes the opportunity to bring attention to the wider social and geographical processes lying beneath the occupation of the man‐made environment by insect and animal life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
It's in Your Nature: I'm Lost in Paris
Authors: Arbona Javier
Published: April 2010

R&Sie(n)'s installation I'm Lost in Paris (2008), a disturbing take on the ecological house, epitomises the preoccupation of the French architect François Roche with the contradictions of modern nature. Javier Arbona tracks how Roche's notion of nature as ‘a partly human artifice’ which is both alien and personalised play out in his various projects, capitulating between attempts at overcoming alienation and heightening it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amphibious Territories
Authors: Berman Ila
Published: April 2010

Since 2005, when Hurricane Katrina wreaked havoc on the Gulf Coast and New Orleans, our polarised perception of land and water has been irrevocably shifted by the failure of static levee flood‐control systems. Ila Berman explains how a more fluid geographical approach to land and water, which places an emphasis on continuous mutable ecologies, is key to a more sustainable future. She describes four experimental projects that are ground‐breaking in their treatment of the relationship between the aquatic and terra firma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Has Happened to Territory?
Authors: Picon Antoine
Published: April 2010

In the concluding article of the main section of this issue, Antoine Picon evokes the earlier meaning of territory for administrators, architects and engineers, as lands that were integrated into nations or colonies by the early modern European countries. Picon traces how 18th‐ and 19th‐century perceptions of territory with an emphasis on administrative separation fed into an attitude of both distance and sensitivity to landscape, as exemplified by the Romantic movement in painting and literature; a heritage that continued into the 20th century in architecture with its emphasis on rationalisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiddling While the World Burns
Authors: Spiller Neil
Published: April 2010

Neil Spiller sharpens his claws and puts some bite into his final ‘Bits' in this closing edition of AD+. He addresses the pressing question of climate change and politicians’, architects' and the construction industry's general proclivity to bury their heads in the sand or to ‘fiddle’ tangentially in another direction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence and the Forms of Cities
Authors: Weinstock Michael
Published: April 2010

Michael Weinstock's significant new book The Architecture of Emergence: The Evolution of Form in Nature and Civilisation calls into question the received notion of culture. Rather than perceiving civilisation as intrinsically human or humanist, standing outside and beyond nature, Weinstock positions human development alongside ecological development: the history of cultural evolution and the production of cities are set in the context of processes and forms of the natural world. In this extract from Chapter 7, Weinstock charts how the proliferation of cities and systems of cities and their extended metabolic systems across the world were characterised by episodic and irregular expansions, consolidation, collapse and subsequent reorganisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumbar ontogenetic growth and sexual dimorphism in modern humans
Authors: Valverde Elías , Gálvez‐López Eloy , Alba‐Fernández Carmiña , del Río Luís , Casinos Adrià
Published: April 2010

To detect and differentiate between possible heterochronic processes in the ontogenetic growth pattern of the human lumbar region, in relationship with sexual dimorphism. We measured the growth trajectories of average length and width, length/width ratio, posterior projected surface area, and bone mineral density using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, in a sample group of 1718 modern humans. These growth patterns were analyzed using the Gompertz model. In adult lumbar region, only surface area and width were significantly higher in men. Regarding the ontogenetic growth pattern leading to the dimorphic states, all values obtained for women were significantly higher than those obtained for men. Maximum initial growth rates occurred for surface area and density in women. Width scaled faster than length in both sexes. The lumbar region followed patterns similar to those of other skeletal elements when compared with a previous classification of growth patterns in the human skeleton; however, in this study, the growth rate was slower. With regard to the effect of dimorphism, sexual differences in growth rate accounted for only a small proportion of the variation in lumbar length, mineral density, and surface area. Nevertheless, these sexual differences played an important role in the increase of the length/width ratio, which was reflected in the ages at which sexual dimorphism developed. The sexual dimorphism found in the lumbar region of human adults is not caused by any heterochronic process. The lower values of bone mineral density in adult women could explain the origin of some pathologies related. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:596–603, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Silica‐Coated Sub‐Microspheres with Immobilized Metal Ions for the Selective Removal of Bovine Hemoglobin from Bovine Blood
Authors: Zhang Min , Cheng Dan , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui
Published: April 2010

Magnetic silica‐coated magnetite (Fe3O4) sub‐microspheres with immobilized metal‐affinity ligands are prepared for protein adsorption. First, magnetite sub‐microspheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Then silica was coated on the surface of Fe3O4 particles using a sol–gel method to obtain magnetic silica sub‐microspheres with core‐shell morphology. Next, the trichloro(4‐chloromethylphenyl) silane was immobilized on them, reacted with iminodiacetic acid (IDA), and charged with Cu2+. The obtained magnetic silica sub‐microspheres with immobilized Cu2+ were applied for the absorption of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and the removal of BHb from bovine blood. The size, morphology, and magnetic properties of the resulting magnetic micro(nano) spheres were investigated by using scanning microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The measurements showed that the magnetic sub‐microspheres are spherical in shape, very uniform in size with a core‐shell, and are almost superparamagnetic. The saturation magnetization of silica‐coated magnetite (Fe3O4) sub‐microspheres reached about 33 emu g−1. Protein adsorption results showed that the sub‐microspheres had a high adsorption capacity for BHb (418.6 mg g−1), low nonspecific adsorption, and good removal of BHb from bovine blood. This opens a novel route for future applications in removing abundant proteins in proteomic analysis.
General and Facile Syntheses of Metal Silicate Porous Hollow Nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wu Bing‐Hui , Jiang Zhi‐Yuan , Kuang Qin , Fang Xiao‐Liang , Xie Zhao‐Xiong , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: April 2010

Porous hollow nanostructures have attracted intensive interest owing to their unique structure and promising applications in various fields. A facile hydrothermal synthesis has been developed to prepare porous hollow nanostructures of silicate materials through a sacrificial‐templating process. The key factors, such as the concentration of the free metal cation and the alkalinity of the solution, are discussed. Porous hollow nanostructures of magnesium silicate, nickel silicate, and iron silicate have been successfully prepared by using SiO2 spheres as the template, as well as a silicon source. Several yolk–shell structures have also been fabricated by a similar process that uses silica‐coated composite particles as a template. As‐prepared mesoporous magnesium silicate hollow spheres showed an excellent ability to remove Pb2+ ions in water treatment owing to their large specific surface and unique structures.