bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Worse cardiovascular and renal outcome in male SLE patients
Authors: Mihailovic Jelena , Ribi Camillo , Chizzolini Carlo , Trendelenburg Marten , Von Kempis Johannes , Dahdal Suzan , Huynh-Do Uyen ,   The Swiss Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort Study Group (SSCS), Comte Denis , Eisenberger Ute , Hauser Thomas , Roux-Lombard Pascale , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Steiner Urs
Published: October 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in males is rare and poorly understood. Thus, still little is known about sex differences in SLE. We set out to identify sex differences regarding clinical manifestations as well as renal and cardiovascular outcomes of SLE. We analyzed patient data from the Swiss SLE Cohort Study. Cumulative clinical manifestations according to the updated American College of Rheumatology criteria were recorded at inclusion. Cardiovascular events were recorded within Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC-SDI). Renal failure was defined as eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, initiation of renal replacement therapy or doubling of serum creatinine which were all assessed yearly or documented as end stage renal disease in SLICC-SDI. Risk differences were calculated using logistic regression and cox regression models. We analyzed 93 men and 529 women with a median follow up time of 2 years. Males were significantly older at diagnosis (44.4 versus 33.1 years, p < 0.001) and had less often arthritis (57% versus 74%, p = 0.001) and dermatological disorders (61% versus 76%, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis female sex remained a significantly associated with arthritis and dermatological disorders. In multivariate analysis men had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.3 for renal failure (95% confidence interval (95%-CI) 1.1–5.2, p < 0.04). Total SLICC-SDI Score was comparable. Men had significantly more coronary artery disease (CAD) (17% versus 4%, p < 0.001) and myocardial infarction (10% versus 2%, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, male sex remained a significant risk factor for CAD (odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95%-CI 2.3–13.7, p < 0.001) and myocardial infarction (OR 8.3, 95%-CI 2.1–32.6, p = 0.002). This first sex study in a western European population demonstrates significant sex differences in SLE. Male sex is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and renal failure in SLE. Potential etiological pathomechanisms such as hormonal or X-chromosomal factors remain to be further investigated.
Some common deleterious mutations are shared in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from deceased COVID-19 patients across continents
Authors: Islam Md. Aminul , Marzan Abdullah Al , Arman Md. Sakil , Shahi Shatila , Sakif Tahsin Islam , Hossain Maqsud , Islam Tofazzal , Hoque M. Nazmul
Published: October 2023

The identification of deleterious mutations in different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their roles in the morbidity of COVID-19 patients has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To unravel the spectrum of mutations and their effects within SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we analyzed 5,724 complete genomes from deceased COVID-19 patients sourced from the GISAID database. This analysis was conducted using the Nextstrain platform, applying a generalized time-reversible model for evolutionary phylogeny. These genomes were compared to the reference strain (hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019) using MAFFT v7.470. Our findings revealed that SARS-CoV-2 genomes from deceased individuals belonged to 21 Nextstrain clades, with clade 20I (Alpha variant) being the most predominant, followed by clade 20H (Beta variant) and clade 20J (Gamma variant). The majority of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from deceased patients (33.4%) were sequenced in North America, while the lowest percentage (0.98%) came from Africa. The ‘G’ clade was dominant in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes of Asian, African, and North American regions, while the ‘GRY’ clade prevailed in Europe. In our analysis, we identified 35,799 nucleotide (NT) mutations throughout the genome, with the highest frequency (11,402 occurrences) found in the spike protein. Notably, we observed 4150 point-specific amino acid (AA) mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes, with D614G (20%) and N501Y (14%) identified as the top two deleterious mutations in the spike protein on a global scale. Furthermore, we detected five common deleterious AA mutations, including G18V, W45S, I33T, P30L, and Q418H, which play a key role in defining each clade of SARS-CoV-2. Our novel findings hold potential value for genomic surveillance, enabling the monitoring of the evolving pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, its emerging variants, and their impact on the development of effective vaccination and control strategies.
Safety and feasibility of reduced-port robotic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a phase I/II clinical trial using the da Vinci Single Port(SP) robotic system
Authors: Park Sung Hyun , Kim Youn Nam , Hwang Jawon , Kim Ki-Yoon , Cho Minah , Kim Yoo Min , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Hyoung-Il
Published: October 2023

Minimally invasive surgery reduces surgical trauma and the size and number of incisions. The da Vinci SP robotic surgical system was designed to overcome the technical demands of single-incision laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of single-port (SP) robotic distal gastrectomy (SPRDG) for patients with gastric cancer using the da Vinci SP system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). This study was designed as a single-arm prospective phase I/II clinical trial of SPRDG (first posted date: 21/09/2021, NCT05051670; clinicaltrials.gov). SPRDG using the da Vinci SP system was performed on 19 patients with gastric cancer between December 2021 and October 2022. The primary outcome was the safety of SPRDG as measured by major postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were operation time, bleeding amount, bowel motility recovery, and length of hospital stay. SPRDG was performed in all 19 patients without unexpected events, such as use of additional trocars or conversion to laparoscopic or open surgery. No major complications occurred postoperatively (0/19, 0.0%). The mean operation time was 218 min (range 164–286 min). The mean hospital stay duration was 3.2 days (range 2–4 days). This phase I/II clinical trial, performed by a single expert surgeon, demonstrated the safety and feasibility of SPRDG with the da Vinci SP system in selected patients with gastric cancer. SPRDG could be a reasonable alternative to conventional or reduced-port minimally invasive gastrectomy, as it has cosmetic advantages, early recovery, and safe discharge.
Fiber metal laminates for high strain rate applications with layerwise shock impedance tuning
Authors: Pai Anand , Rodriguez-Millan Marcos , Kini Chandrakant R. , Mallya Ravindra , Bekal Chandrakantha , Yeshwant Nayak Suhas , Shenoy Satish B.
Published: October 2023

Novel materials such as fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) have demonstrated significant potential in a variety of applications. They must contend with problems such fatigue, creep, high-speed projectile impact, and deformation at high strain rates while in use. When employed as structural materials in aircraft, especially when exposed to shock wave impact and high velocity impact, fiber-metal laminates’ high strain rate characteristics become crucial. Shock impedance matching is a revolutionary approach used for shock-tuning the separate layers. The novelty of the current work is in developing custom shielding laminates, with in-depth analysis on the response of the shock impedance tuning of individual layers on the laminate behaviour at high strain rates. In the current study, five stackups of FMLs comprising metallic (AA 6061-T6) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plies, were formulated, incorporating shock impedance matching. The fiber-polymer plies used in the FMLs include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), p-aramid for supplementing the impact resistance. Transmission loss functions (TL) estimated from the impedance tube experiments were used to indicate the shock tuning of the various laminates. The laminates underwent testing using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus to determine their properties at high strain rates ($$350\, \textrm{s}^{-1}$$

350

s

-
1

to $$460\, \textrm{s}^{-1}$$

460

s

-
1

). The variation in the Shock Energy (SE) absorbed by the laminates at various strain rates was analyzed as a function of the corresponding Transmission Loss employing regression. The dynamic stress-strain curves showed an increase in shock energy absorption at higher strain rates. The sequence SSP-IV and SSP-II showed the highest values of energy absorption as well as Transmission Loss.
Explainable artificial intelligence for searching frequency characteristics in Parkinson’s disease tremor
Authors: Lee Rui En , Chan Ping Yi
Published: October 2023

The distinction between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) tremors is subtle, posing challenges in differentiation. To accurately classify the PD and ET, BiLSTM-based recurrent neural networks are employed to classify between normal patients (N), PD patients, and ET patients using accelerometry data on their lower arm (L), hand (H), and upper arm (U) as inputs. The trained recurrent neural network (RNN) has reached 80% accuracy. The neural network is analyzed using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to understand the internal workings of the neural network. A novel explainable AI method, called LRP-based approximate linear weights (ALW), is introduced to identify the similarities in relevance when assigning the class scores in the neural network. The ALW functions as a 2D kernel that linearly transforms the input data directly into the class scores, which significantly reduces the complexity of analyzing the neural network. This new classification method reconstructs the neural network’s original function, achieving a 73% PD and ET tremor classification accuracy. By analyzing the ALWs, the correlation between each input and the class can also be determined. Then, the differentiating features can be subsequently identified. Since the input is preprocessed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT), the differences between the magnitude of tremor frequencies ranging from 3 to 30 Hz in the mean N, PD, and ET subjects are successfully identified. Aside from matching the current medical knowledge on frequency content in the tremors, the differentiating features also provide insights about frequency contents in the tremors in other frequency bands and body parts.
Moschus ameliorates glutamate-induced cellular damage by regulating autophagy and apoptosis pathway
Authors: Xie Danni , Song Caiyou , Qin Tao , Zhai Zhenwei , Cai Jie , Dai Jingyi , Sun Tao , Xu Ying
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, causes short-term memory and cognition declines. It is estimated that one in three elderly people die from AD or other dementias. Chinese herbal medicine as a potential drug for treating AD has gained growing interest from many researchers. Moschus, a rare and valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine, was originally documented in Shennong Ben Cao Jing and recognized for its properties of reviving consciousness/resuscitation. Additionally, Moschus has the efficacy of “regulation of menstruation with blood activation, relief of swelling and pain” and is used for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is uncertain whether Moschus has any protective effect on AD patients. We explored whether Moschus could protect glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cells from cellular injury and preliminarily explored their related action mechanisms. The chemical compounds of Moschus were analyzed and identified by GC–MS. The Glu-induced differentiated PC12 cell model was thought to be the common AD cellular model. The study aims to preliminarily investigate the intervention effect of Moschus on Glu-induced PC12 cell damage as well as their related action mechanisms. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes or autophagosomes, proteins related to apoptosis, and the proteins related to autophagy were examined and analyzed. Seventeen active compounds of the Moschus sample were identified based on GC–MS analysis. In comparison to the control group, Glu stimulation increased cell viability loss, LDH release, mitochondrial damage, loss of MMP, apoptosis rate, and the number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles, and autolysosomes or autophagosomes, while these results were decreased after the pretreatment with Moschus and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, Glu stimulation significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3II protein expression, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2/BAX ratio and p62 protein expression, but these results were reversed after pretreatment of Moschus and 3-MA. Moschus has protective activity in Glu-induced PC12 cell injury, and the potential mechanism might involve the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Our study may promote research on Moschus in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, and Moschus may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
A multidomain bio-inspired feature extraction and selection model for diabetic retinopathy severity classification: an ensemble learning approach
Authors: Uppamma Posham , Bhattacharya Sweta
Published: October 2023

Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness globally. Early detection of this condition is essential for preventing patients' loss of eyesight caused by diabetes mellitus being untreated for an extended period. This paper proposes the design of an augmented bioinspired multidomain feature extraction and selection model for diabetic retinopathy severity estimation using an ensemble learning process. The proposed approach initiates by identifying DR severity levels from retinal images that segment the optical disc, macula, blood vessels, exudates, and hemorrhages using an adaptive thresholding process. Once the images are segmented, multidomain features are extracted from the retinal images, including frequency, entropy, cosine, gabor, and wavelet components. These data were fed into a novel Modified Moth Flame Optimization-based feature selection method that assisted in optimal feature selection. Finally, an ensemble model using various ML (machine learning) algorithms, which included Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forests, and Logistic Regression were used to identify the various severity complications of DR. The experiments on different openly accessible data sources have shown that the proposed method outperformed conventional methods and achieved an Accuracy of 96.5% in identifying DR severity levels.
The anticancer and antibacterial potential of bioactive secondary metabolites derived From bacterial endophytes in association with Artemisia absinthium
Authors: Damavandi Mohammad Sadegh , Shojaei Hasan , Esfahani Bahram Nasr
Published: October 2023

The continuous search for secondary metabolites in microorganisms isolated from untapped reservoirs is an effective prospective approach to drug discovery. In this study, an in-depth analysis was conducted to investigate the diversity of culturable bacterial endophytes present in the medicinal plant A. absinthium, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer potential of their bioactive secondary metabolites. The endophytic bacteria recovered from A. absinthium, were characterized via the implementation of suitable biochemical and molecular analyses. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution were used to screen antibacterial activity. SEM was performed to assess the impact of the extracted metabolite on MRSA strain cell morphology. Apoptosis and cytotoxicity assays were used to evaluate anticancer activity against MCF7 and A549. The FTIR, GC–MS were used to detect bioactive compounds in the active solvent fraction. Of the various endophytic bacteria studied, P. aeruginosa SD01 showed discernible activity against both bacterial pathogens and malignancies. The crude ethyl acetate extract of P. aeruginosa SD01 showed MICs of 32 and 128 µg/mL for S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. SEM examination demonstrated MRSA bacterial cell lysis, hole development, and intracellular leaking. This study revealed that the crude bioactive secondary metabolite SD01 has potent anticancer activity. In this study, 2-aminoacetophenone, 1,2-apyrazine-1,4-dione, phenazine and 2-phenyl-4-cyanopyridine were the major bioactive secondary metabolites. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the bacteria recovered from A. absinthium plants and in particular, P. aeruginosa SD01 is a remarkable source of untapped therapeutic, i.e., antimicrobial and anticancer compounds.
The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Asghari Kimia Motlagh , Dolatkhah Neda , Ayromlou Hormoz , Mirnasiri Fatemeh , Dadfar Taher , Hashemian Maryam
Published: October 2023

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelination disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The gut-brain axis involves communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Probiotics can positively impact immune and inflammatory responses by regulating gut microbiota. A total of 40 MS patients (average age of 34.38 ± 6.65) were examined to determine the effect of the Saccharomyces boulardii supplement for four months compared to a placebo. The results showed that the Saccharomyces boulardii significantly decreased the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to the placebo (P < 0.001). The serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) also increased significantly in the probiotic group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004). Both the probiotic and placebo groups showed a reduction in the oxidative stress indicator malondialdehyde (MDA), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Pain intensity (measured by Visual Analogue Scale) and fatigue severity (measured by Fatigue Severity Scale) significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004 and p = 0.01, respectively). The probiotic group experienced significant improvement in some quality of life scales (measured by 36-Item Short Form Survey) and somatic and social dysfunction subscale of General Health Questionnaire scores compared to the placebo group (p = 0.01). The study suggests that the Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic supplement may benefit inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indicators, pain, fatigue, and quality of life in MS patients.
Zeb2 regulates differentiation of long-lived effector of invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Iyoda Tomonori , Shimizu Kanako , Endo Takaho , Watanabe Takashi , Taniuchi Ichiro , Aoshima Honoka , Satoh Mikiko , Nakazato Hiroshi , Yamasaki Satoru , Fujii Shin-ichiro
Published: October 2023

After activation, some invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are differentiated into Klrg1+ long-lived effector NKT1 cells. However, the regulation from the effector phase to the memory phase has not been elucidated. Zeb2 is a zinc finger E homeobox-binding transcription factor and is expressed in a variety of immune cells, but its function in iNKT cell differentiation remains also unknown. Here, we show that Zeb2 is dispensable for development of iNKT cells in the thymus and their maintenance in steady state peripheral tissues. After ligand stimulation, Zeb2 plays essential roles in the differentiation to and maintenance of Klrg1+ Cx3cr1+GzmA+ iNKT cell population derived from the NKT1 subset. Our results including single-cell-RNA-seq analysis indicate that Zeb2 regulates Klrg1+ long-lived iNKT cell differentiation by preventing apoptosis. Collectively, this study reveals the crucial transcriptional regulation by Zeb2 in establishment of the memory iNKT phase through driving differentiation of Klrg1+ Cx3cr1+GzmA+ iNKT population.
Trem2 promotes foamy macrophage lipid uptake and survival in atherosclerosis
Authors: Patterson Michael T. , Firulyova Maria M. , Xu Yingzheng , Hillman Hannah , Bishop Courtney , Zhu Alisha , Hickok Grant H. , Schrank Patricia R. , Ronayne Christine E. , Caillot Zakariya , Fredrickson Gavin , Kennedy Ainsley E. , Acharya Nisha , Neels Jaap G. , Chinetti Giulia , Revelo Xavier , Stromnes Ingunn M. , Ivanov Stoyan , Bold Tyler D. , Zaitsev Konstantin , Williams Jesse W.
Published: October 2023

Atherosclerosis is driven by the expansion of cholesterol-loaded ‘foamy’ macrophages in the arterial intima. Factors regulating foamy macrophage differentiation and survival in plaque remain poorly understood. Here we show, using trajectory analysis of integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and a genome-wide CRISPR screen, that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is associated with foamy macrophage specification. Loss of Trem2 led to a reduced ability of foamy macrophages to take up oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Myeloid-specific deletion of Trem2 showed an attenuation of plaque progression, even when targeted in established atherosclerotic lesions, and was independent of changes in circulating cytokines, monocyte recruitment or cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, we link Trem2-deficient macrophages with a failure to upregulate cholesterol efflux molecules, resulting in impaired proliferation and survival. Overall, we identify Trem2 as a regulator of foamy macrophage differentiation and atherosclerotic plaque growth and as a putative therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Scalable and efficient solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting enabled by bidirectionally aligned and hierarchically structured nanocomposites
Authors: Li Tingxian , Yan Taisen , Wang Pengfei , Xu Jiaxing , Huo Xiangyan , Bai Zhaoyuan , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua , Wang Ruzhu
Published: October 2023

Extracting water from air is a promising route to address the global challenge of water scarcity. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has the capability of capturing water from air anytime and anywhere. However, low water production is a long-standing challenge for realizing efficient SAWH. Here we report a facile strategy to synthesize bidirectionally aligned and hierarchically structured nanocomposite (BHNC) for scalable and efficient SAWH. Benefiting from the synergetic effects of ordered hierarchical structures for accelerating vertically oriented moisture convection and radially oriented intrapore diffusion, the BHNC exhibits ultrahigh water uptake of 6.61 kgwater kgsorbent−1 and ultrafast water sorption kinetics, superior to the state-of-the-art sorbents. We further engineer a scalable and efficient solar-driven SAWH prototype by assembling BHNC arrays, demonstrating rapid-cycling and high-yielding water production up to 2,820 mlwater kgsorbent−1 day−1. This work provides new insights to bridge the gap between materials and devices for scalable, energy efficient and all-weather water harvesting from air powered by solar energy.
Chemical remodeling of the mycomembrane with chain-truncated lipids sensitizes mycobacteria to rifampicin
Authors: Gaidhane Ishani V. , Biegas Kyle J. , Erickson Helen E. , Agarwal Prachi , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Ronning Donald R. , Swarts Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

Remodeling the notoriously impenetrable mycobacterial outer membrane with synthetic lipids enhances cellular permeability, sensitizing bacteria to the clinically used antibiotic rifampicin.
Functions of metal–phenolic networks and polyphenol derivatives in photo(electro)catalysis
Authors: Liu Xiao-Long , Wang Hai-Chao , Yang Tao , Yue Xin-Zheng , Yi Sha-Sha
Published: October 2023

The functions of metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) and polyphenol derivatives in photo(electro)catalysis reactions are summarized, encompassing improving interfacial charge carrier separation, accelerating surface reaction kinetics, and enhancing light absorption.
Experimental confirmation of the Badger–Bauer rule in the protonated methanol clusters: weak hydrogen bond formation as a measure of terminal OH acidity in hydrogen bond networks
Authors: Kato Takeru , Fujii Asuka
Published: October 2023

The Badger–Bauer rule is confirmed for the terminal sites in the hydrogen bond networks of the protonated methanol clusters.
Recovery of anthocyanins from Eugenia spp. fruit peels: a comparison between heat- and ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Albuquerque Bianca R. , Pinela José , Pereira Carla , Mandim Filipa , Heleno Sandrina , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Barros Lillian
Published: October 2023

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) resulted in higher yields of crude extract from Eugenia spp. fruit peels, while heat-assisted extraction (HAE) gave rise to higher levels of anthocyanins.
Organohalogenochromism (OHC) of D–π–A pyridinium dye polymer films and the colorimetric detection of volatile organic halogen compounds
Authors: Kozuka Kumpei , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: October 2023

We propose that polymeric organohalogenochromic dyes are one of the most promising and convenient functional materials for the colorimetric detection of volatile organohalogen compounds (VOHCs), including CH2Cl2 and CHCl3.
Viscous fingering instabilities in spontaneously formed blisters of MoS2 multilayers
Authors: Pandey Mukesh , Ahuja Rajeev , Kumar Rakesh
Published: October 2023

A schematic representation of PVA-curing-induced blistering of MoS2 multilayers with and without the adsorption of tiny ice-water droplets (mist) over the PVA-coated Pyrex substrate prior to the mechanical exfoliation step.
Nanoparticle-based applications by atmospheric pressure matrix assisted desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yihan , Li Shunxiang , Qian Kun
Published: October 2023

Many progress drove applications of atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in both biomolecular analysis and spatial visualization. This article provides an overview of the lastest frontiers in this field.
Developing a biocatalyst showcasing the synergistic effect of rice husk biochar and bacterial cells for the removal of heavy metals
Authors: Manikandan Soumay Koippully , Nair Vaishakh
Published: October 2023

Removal of Cd and Ni by Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized on rice husk biochar (PRHB). The removal efficiency of PRHB was higher than that of free cells, which could be attributed to simultaneous adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and bioaccumulation caused by the biochar carrier and bacteria.
Field-assisted slow relaxation of magnetization in Cu(ii) complexes with pentaheterocyclic triphenodioxazine ligands: the quasi-one-dimensional versus the binuclear case
Authors: Korchagin D. V. , Ivakhnenko E. P. , Demidov O. P. , Knyazev P. A. , Efimov N. N. , Morgunov R. B. , Starikov A. G. , Palii A. V. , Minkin V. I. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: October 2023

Cu(ii) hexafluoroacetylacetonate with triphenodioxazine ligands gives complexes with different crystal structures and magnetic properties.
From borophene polymorphs towards a single honeycomb borophane phase: reduction of hexagonal boron layers on Al(111)
Authors: Biasin Pietro , Safari Mandana , Ghidorsi Elena , Baronio Stefania , Scardamaglia Mattia , Preobrajenski Alexei , de Gironcoli Stefano , Baroni Stefano , Vesselli Erik
Published: October 2023

A long-range ordered honeycomb borophane (hydrogenated borophene) single phase was synthesized and characterized on the Al(111) termination.
Correction: Chemiresistive sensor for breath frequency and ammonia concentration in exhaled gas over a PVA/PANI/CC composite film
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kushwaha Chandra Shekhar , Singh Pratibha , Kanojia Kritika , Kr Shukla Saroj
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Chemiresistive sensor for breath frequency and ammonia concentration in exhaled gas over a PVA/PANI/CC composite film’ by Sandeep Kumar et al., Sens. Diagn., 2023, 2, 1256–1266, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SD00067B.
Correction: Controllable design of multi-metallic aerogels as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol fuel cells
Authors: Li Lanqing , Gao Wei , Ye Jianqi , Fan Haoxin , Wen Dan
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Controllable design of multi-metallic aerogels as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol fuel cells’ by Lanqing Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 5359–5369, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA09478A.
Raising Awareness About Language- and Culture-Specific Considerations in the Management of Dysarthria Associated With Parkinson's Disease Within the United States
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Kim Yunjung , Fabiano Leah
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the importance of diverting from English-centric approaches in the management of dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the United States, and embracing a language- and culture-specific perspective when working with linguistically and culturally diverse populations within the context of culturally responsive, precision medicine.

Method:

This tutorial is divided into two primary components: a critical review of language universal and language-specific characteristics of dysarthria associated with PD and their relationship with speech intelligibility, and a practical guide to culturally responsive evidence-based practice for speech-language pathologists.

Conclusions:

We offer a framework for linguistically and culturally appropriate considerations when working with clients with dysarthria associated with PD. While “universal” representations of dysarthria may be part of the big picture, language-specific contributions to speakers' intelligibility should be carefully examined to maximize treatment outcomes. Additionally, an evidence-based model that fully embraces clients' wishes and values within the context of culturally responsive, precision medicine should be prioritized, a practice that may include the use of interpreters.
Study of polarization conversion mechanism based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Guo Yue , Song Wei , Sheng Xin‐Qing
Published: October 2023

A theoretical explanation for the working mechanism of polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs) is provided based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). When a PCM is illuminated by electromagnetic waves, certain characteristic modal currents will be excited. When the modal currents satisfy the polarization conversion condition, the PCM will generate the cross polarization as reflection. The proposed theory is verified by the characteristic mode investigation of typical PCMs by numerical simulation.
Un exemple d’énigmes pour escape-game pédagogique : Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur
Authors: Josso-Laurain Thomas
Published: October 2023

Avec l’émergence des escape-games, la ludification apparaît comme étant d’un intérêt pédagogique important. La capacité à pouvoir tester ou apporter des compétences aux étudiants par le biais du jeu est fortement prisé du public estudiantin, désireux de « sortir des amphis ». Cet article présente une série d’énigmes permettant de créer un escape-game pédagogique autour des Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur. Les différentes énigmes sont détaillées, ainsi que leur solution et les indices à potentiellement transmettre aux joueurs en difficulté. 8 sessions de jeu ont été menées à l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs Sud-Alsace (ENSISA) parmi des étudiants et des chercheurs. Le retour d’expérience révèle un amusement quasi-maximal de la part des joueurs, une difficulté plus logique que technique dans la résolution des énigmes et un besoin de coopérer, permettant ainsi d’évaluer les compétences à la fois scientifiques et humaines.
Plateforme partenariale SUPMICROTECH-ENSMM : la pédagogie rencontre le monde de l’entreprise
Authors: Imbaud Joël , Vernier David , Haouchin Karim , Cretin Bernard , Sthal Fabrice
Published: October 2023

Cet article décrit un dispositif à but pédagogique pour l’accompagnement d’entreprises sur des projets innovants au travers de stages longs que propose l’école d’ingénieur SUPMICROTECH-ENSMM.
Evaluation of a fine-spaced angled rack with surface bypass in providing safe and timely downstream passage for salmon smolts and silver eels
Authors: Tétard Stéphane , Courret Dominique , Tissot Laurence , Richard Sylvain , Lagarrigue Thierry , Frey Aurélien , Mataix Vincent , Mercier Olivier , Tomanova Sylvie
Published: October 2023

Hydropower production can cause migration delay and fish mortality, impeding the safe and timely downstream migration of diadromous fish, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and silver eels (Anguilla anguilla). To date, only a few field performance tests, especially for eels, have evaluated the efficiency of fine-spaced angled racks associated to a surface bypass entrance to protect fish. Here, 115 salmon smolts and 65 silver eels were radio-tracked over a 2 yr period to assess passage efficiency and passage time at a hydropower intake (50 m3.s−1) retrofitted with a 20 mm rack associated to a surface bypass (2 m3.s−1). Results showed high impediment (89.6% and 96.9% for smolts and eels, respectively), and passage efficiency for the angled rack (89.1% and 93.3%), with short passage times (median, 3 and 7.5 min). However, our results highlighted a strong influence of hydrological conditions, in enhancing fish passage, especially through the bear-trap gate. We conclude that this fish passage solution, making use of existing spillways on the study site, is highly effective for both species. Special attention must, however, be paid to bar-rack design and its cleaning system to ensure fish guidance and prevent impingement or passage through the rack, especially for salmon smolts.
Development of alternatives for Signalized intersection- A Case study of Laxmi Mill junction, Coimbatore
Authors: Indhiradevi P. , Meenakshi B.S. , Nazir Ahamed M. , Ram Vivekanandhan M. , Aravind madhavan B. , Santhosh Kumar D.
Published: October 2023

Urbanization and industrialization are two of the most important features of modern civilization. This leads to traffic congestion at the major roads of urbanized areas. At intersections, particularly those where four roads converge, signalization is also regarded as a more challenging issue. It takes longer for cars to cross that intersection and move from one side of the roads to the other, especially during rush hour. This may lead to heavy traffic congestion at the junction and may cause accidents. This paper presents the proposed alternatives for signalized intersection at Laxmi mill junction, Coimbatore. To control the flow of heavy traffic and also make sure the vehicles are moving continuously without waiting at the intersection, following two alternatives have been proposed. a) To design the medians instead of the signals with pedestrian crossing bridge in junction b) To design the roundabout at the intersection with pedestrian bridge. By providing these alternatives, Junction traffic flow rates can be managed and accident rate also will get reduced in that junction
La articulación tibio fibular proximal es parte de la rodilla
Authors: Negrín Roberto , Valderrama Juanjose , Marín Felipe , Reyes Nicolás O , Soto Julio , Méndez Magdalena , Barahona Maximiliano
Published: October 2023

Resumén

La articulación tibiofibular proximal es muy estable, se compone por 2 grandes complejos ligamentarios, el anterior y el posterior, lo que determina que su lesión sea infrecuente. Puede producirse inestabilidad de manera atraumática o traumática, siendo la inestabilidad anterolateral la más habitual, con disrupción del complejo ligamentario posterior.El cuadro clínico es variable; no obstante, se caracteriza por dolor a nivel de la cabeza fibular e inestabilidad de la articulación al examinarla. Por su parte, el estudio imagenológico comienza con la radiografía AP y lateral, pudiendo requerir estudios de mayor envergadura.Es una patología que suele ser subdiagnosticada, por lo que se requiere de un alto índice de sospecha.El tratamiento suele ser conservador, va a depender de la etiología y la temporalidad de la lesión. En casos de inestabilidad crónica, recurrencia o irreductibilidad, es probable que se requiera de un tratamiento quirúrgico, para lo cual existen múltiples técnicas descritas, sin superioridades demostradas hasta la fecha.
Behavioral designs defined: how to understand and why it is important to differentiate between “defensive,” “hostile,” “disciplinary”, and other designs in the urban landscape
Authors: de Fine Licht Karl
Published: October 2023

In recent years, a growing discussion about how we should design our cities has emerged, particularly for the more controversial modes of design such as “defensive,” “hostile,” or “disciplinary” architecture (i.e., benches on which one cannot sleep, or metal studs on which one cannot skate). Although this debate is relatively mature, many studies have argued that these design notions are undertheorized and are, thus, challenging to study from an empirical and normative perspective. In this paper, I will define the most common terms used in the literature and show how they are interconnected by utilizing a set of “conditions of adequacy” from philosophy to facilitate a more transparent and well-grounded discussion of them. Terms such as “hostile” and “defensive” design are underlined by several different phenomena, not just one as is sometimes commonly assumed. I will also show that these phenomena and their conceptualizations require—and sometimes force us to use—different moral reasons when justifying the utilization of different designs.
Entrepreneurial activity in an environment of digital transformation: an analysis of relevant factors in the euro area
Authors: del Olmo-García Francisco , Crecente-Romero Fernando Javier , del Val-Núñez María Teresa , Sarabia-Alegría María
Published: October 2023

The main feature of the current business reality is the speed of the changes in the environment and the uncertainty they generate. Among these changes, those which stand out for their importance are the ones related to the current digital revolution, which is changing, in a very short period of time, the companies’ business models. From this perspective, and based on panel data for the 2009–2020 period, the study seeks to examine in depth the technological and innovative factors which are related to the entrepreneurial density in euro area countries, with special emphasis on self-employed entrepreneurs. The results obtained show that greater robotization of industrial activities generates entrepreneurial opportunities, while investment in R&D by companies is negatively related to entrepreneurial activity. It is also noteworthy that public investment in R&D and the greater volume of employment in scientific-technological sectors has not been significant in the generation of entrepreneurial opportunities. These conclusions make it possible to identify economic policies to promote entrepreneurial activity, such as training and the generation of a favorable environment for digital innovation and artificial intelligence, but also the incentive for intrapreneurial activity in companies that invest in R&D.
Random templex encodes topological tipping points in noise-driven chaotic dynamics
Authors: Charó Gisela D. , Ghil Michael , Sciamarella Denisse
Published: October 2023

Random attractors are the time-evolving pullback attractors of deterministically chaotic and stochastically perturbed dynamical systems. These attractors have a structure that changes in time and that has been characterized recently using Branched Manifold Analysis through Homologies cell complexes and their homology groups. This description has been further improved for their deterministic counterparts by endowing the cell complex with a directed graph (digraph), which encodes the order in which the cells in the complex are visited by the flow in phase space. A templex is a mathematical object formed by a cell complex and a digraph; it provides a finer description of deterministically chaotic attractors and permits their accurate classification. In a deterministic framework, the digraph of the templex connects cells within a single complex for all time. Here, we introduce the stochastic version of a templex. In such a random templex, there is one complex per snapshot of the random attractor and the digraph connects the generators or “holes” of successive cell complexes. Tipping points appear in a random templex as drastic changes of its holes in time, through their birth, splitting, merging, or death. This paper introduces random templexes and computes them for the noise-driven Lorenz system’s random attractor.
Dry electrode geometry optimization for wearable ECG devices
Authors: Elango Peter Francis Mathew , Dhanabalan Shanmuga Sundar , Robel Md Rokunuzzaman , Elango Sherly Pushpam , Walia Sumeet , Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu
Published: October 2023

Wearable electronic devices, particularly for health monitoring, have seen rapid advancements in recent times. Among the various biophysical parameters that are of interest in a wearable device, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is critical as it enables detection of cardiovascular-related ailments and assessment of overall cardiac health. In a wearable ECG device, the choice of electrode design and material plays a key role in the performance of the sensor. In this work, we have explored various dry electrode-based sensor design geometries to realize a compact, lightweight, portable, gel-free wearable ECG patch that would aid in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. Furthermore, we have studied the influence of the region of the body at which the measurements were made under different body positions across varying external stimuli. We have studied the influence of surface area, perimeter and resistance offered by the electrodes on the ECG signal acquisition, its effects on device performance and found the hexagonal labyrinth configuration to be the most suitable candidate. A prototype of a wearable ECG patch was made by combining this electrode configuration and interfacing with wireless communication capabilities, and the results were compared with a commercially available portable ECG monitor. Such a device could find potential application in remote healthcare and ambulatory care settings, and as a PoC and a preventive medical device.
Effect of wave polarization on ionospheric Ohmic heating and optimal polarization
Authors: Li Yong , Li Hui , Wu Jian , Lyu Xingbao , Yuan Chengxun , Li Ce , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: October 2023

The paper starts from the polarization of the electromagnetic wave launched by the transmitter, develops an ionospheric heating model for a wide range of launching angles and polarizations of powerful heating radio waves. The electric field polarization is characterized by Q and ϕ, where Q characterizes the relative amplitude of the electric field components and ϕ characterizes the relative phase of the electric field components. We use similarity transformation and tensor calculation in our calculations and give the optimal polarization equation using the idea of finding the maximum value of a binary function. Combining the ionospheric background data of three widely separated locations—EISCAT (polar region), Beijing (mid-latitude), and Sanya (low latitude)—we have numerically calculated and discussed the three sites based on the heating model. The following conclusions are drawn from the calculations. The Q of the optimal polarization gradually decreases and tends to be stable when the collision frequency becomes negligible relative to the ionospheric cyclotron frequency. Q also depends on the angle between the radio wave launching angle and the magnetic inclination angle. The optimal polarization angle ϕ is generally π/2 in northern hemisphere heating experiments. With the angle between the radio wave launching angle and the magnetic inclination angle increasing from 0, the optimal polarization changes from left-handed circular polarization to left-handed elliptical polarization, and when it reaches π/2, the optimal polarization becomes east–west linear polarization. These results will provide some guidance in future experiments.
Asymmetric CycleGANs for inverse design of photonic metastructures
Authors: Panisilvam Jeygopi , Hajizadeh Elnaz , Weeratunge Hansani , Bailey James , Kim Sejeong
Published: October 2023

Using deep learning to develop nanophotonic structures has been an active field of research in recent years to reduce the time intensive iterative solutions found in finite-difference time-domain simulations. Existing work has primarily used a specific type of generative network: conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial networks. However, these networks have issues with producing clear optical structures in image files; for example, a large number of images show speckled noise, which often results in non-manufacturable structures. Here, we report the first use of cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks to design nanophotonic structures. This approach significantly reduces the amount of speckled noise present in generated geometric structures and allows shapes to have clear edges. We demonstrate that for a given input reflectance spectra, the system generates designs in the form of images, and a complementary network generates reflectance spectra if an image containing a shape is provided as an input. The results show a higher Frechet Inception Distance score than previous approaches, which indicates that the generated structures are of higher quality and are able to learn nonlinear relationships between both datasets. This method of designing nanophotonics provides alternative avenues for development that are more noise robust while still adhering to desired optical properties.
Two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistors toward nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Lin Xiankai , Huang Xuguang , Zhang Qian , Yi Jianxian , Liu Shenghua , Liang Qijie
Published: October 2023

With the gradual decline in Moore's law, traditional silicon-based technologies have encountered numerous challenges and limitations, prompting researchers to seek solutions. Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) ferroelectric (Fe) field-effect transistors (FETs) (2D vdWs FeFETs) are devices that integrate emerging 2D vdWs ferroelectric materials into the transistor structures. In comparison with traditional complementary metal oxide semiconductor FETs (COMSFETs), they exhibit superior performance, including lower power consumption, higher switching speed, and improved stability. The vdWs FeFETs are anticipated to surpass the limits imposed by Moore's law, offering increased possibilities and opportunities for research and application in the field of nanoelectronics, particularly in nonvolatile memory (NVM) and neuromorphic computing (NMC). In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of vdWs FeFETs and elucidate their development origin, basic structure, and working mechanism. Furthermore, we explore the application of vdWs FeFETs in NVM, NMC, and large-scale arrays. Finally, we highlight the prominent challenges and future directions in this field.
Circularly polarized attosecond light generation from OCS molecules irradiated by the combination of linear polarized infrared and orthogonal terahertz fields
Authors: Fu Ting-Ting , Guo Fu-Ming , Zhou Shu-Shan , Qiao Yue , Wang Xin-Yu , Chen Ji-Gen , Wang Jun , Yang Yu-Jun
Published: October 2023

Researching ultrafast dynamics and creating coherent light sources will both benefit significantly from the establishment of polarization control in high-order harmonic generation (HHG). By employing the time-dependent density functional theory method, we investigate HHG of carbonyl sulfide molecules using a combination of a linear polarized infrared (IR) laser and a weaker orthogonal Terahertz (THz) field. Our findings show that by adjusting the amplitude of the THz field, the movement scale of electrons in the THz direction can be tuned, thereby one can control the harmonic intensity in the IR laser direction. This method allows for the creation of near-circularly polarized attosecond pulses. Furthermore, the ellipticity of the attosecond pulse may be changed by modifying the carrier-envelope phase of the IR laser pulse.