bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation‐Responsive Aliphatic Polycarbonates from N‐Substituted Eight‐Membered Cyclic Carbonate: Synthesis and Degradation Study
Authors: Qiu Fang‐Yi , Yu Li , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen
Published: August 2017

Oxidation‐responsive aliphatic polycarbonates represent a promising branch of functional biodegradable polymers. This paper reports the synthesis and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of an eight‐membered cyclic carbonate possessing phenylboronic pinacol ester (C3) and the H2O2‐triggered degradation of its polymer (PC3). C3 is prepared from the inexpensive and readily available diethanolamine with a moderate yield and undergoes the well‐controlled anionic ROP with a living character under catalysis of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene. It can also be copolymerized with l‐lactide, trimethylene carbonate, and 5‐ter‐butyloxycarbonylamino trimethylene carbonate, affording the copolymers with a varied distribution of the repeating units. To clearly demonstrate the oxidative degradation mechanism of PC3, this paper first investigates the H2O2‐induced decomposition of small‐molecule model compounds by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). It is found that the adduct products formed by the in‐situ‐generated secondary amines and p‐quinone methide (QM) are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose slowly back to QM and the amines. On this basis, this paper further studies the H2O2‐accelerated degradation of PC3 nanoparticles that are prepared by the o/w emulsion method. A sequential process of oxidation of the phenylboronic ester, 1,6‐elimination of the in‐situ‐generated phenol, releasing CO2 and intramolecular cyclization or isomerization is proposed as the degradation mechanism of PC3.
A Cahn‐Hilliard–type equation with application to tumor growth dynamics
Authors: Agosti Abramo , Antonietti Paola Francesca , Ciarletta Pasquale , Grasselli Maurizio , Verani Marco
Published: August 2017

We consider a Cahn‐Hilliard–type equation with degenerate mobility and single‐well potential of Lennard‐Jones type. This equation models the evolution and growth of biological cells such as solid tumors. The degeneracy set of the mobility and the singularity set of the cellular potential do not coincide, and the absence of cells is an unstable equilibrium configuration of the potential. This feature introduces a nontrivial difference with respect to the Cahn‐Hilliard equation analyzed in the literature. We give existence results for different classes of weak solutions. Moreover, we formulate a continuous finite element approximation of the problem, where the positivity of the solution is enforced through a discrete variational inequality. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the discrete solution for any spatial dimension together with the convergence to the weak solution for spatial dimension d=1. We present simulation results in 1 and 2 space dimensions. We also study the dynamics of the spinodal decomposition and the growth and scaling laws of phase ordering dynamics. In this case, we find similar results to the ones obtained in standard phase ordering dynamics and we highlight the fact that the asymptotic behavior of the solution is dominated by the mechanism of growth by bulk diffusion.
Hexagonal prism antenna for MIMO applications
Authors: Tang T. , Wang J. Y. , Deng B.
Published: August 2017

A multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) hexagonal prism omnidirectional radiation antenna is proposed, which consist of nine elements. The antenna elements are divided into two groups, one of which is placed in parallel on spaced three surfaces of the prism and the other is placed vertically on the other spaced three faces. Each parallel element consists of two coplanar microstrip patches which are nested in each other for miniaturization. Each vertically element consists of two improved dipoles. The working frequency bands of the proposed prismatic antenna are 3.45 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 15.2 GHz.
Design of an UWB (2.1–38.6 GHz) circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar , Pujara Dhaval
Published: August 2017

In this letter, we have presented design of a compact sized ultra‐wideband microstrip circular monopole antenna covering 2.1–38.6 GHz band (179% BW) for VSWR ≤ 2. The antenna is very compact with a size of 30 mm × 40 mm × 0.787 mm, designed on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed antenna is simulated using the HFSS. The proto type antenna successfully fabricated and tested. The measured results were found closely matching with the simulated results. This antenna may be used for various applications in UWB communications systems like, WiMAX, Wi‐Fi, UMTS, Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, vehicular and other radars, through‐wall imaging systems, medical, electronic warfare sensors, and future wireless services.
A dual‐band dual‐pattern frequency‐reconfigurable antenna
Authors: Nguyen‐Trong Nghia , Hall Leonard , Fumeaux Christophe
Published: August 2017

The functionality of a dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable antenna based on a microstrip patch is extended toward independent tuning of its two operational bands. The antenna has distinct monopolar and broadside radiation patterns at its lower and upper bands, respectively, and a previous realization only allowed simultaneous tuning of the two bands. In this paper, a more sophisticated bias scheme with two DC bias voltages and four varactors is introduced to extend the principle toward independent control of the resonance frequencies of the two bands. An antenna prototype has been designed, fabricated, and validated with experiments. The results demonstrate that the antenna achieves independent relative tuning ranges of about 11% at both frequency bands.
Hybrid termination metamaterial CRLH resonant antennas: Analysis and design
Authors: Abdalla Mahmoud A.
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the properties of hybrid terminated metamaterial CRLH resonant antennas. The antenna proves that the hybrid termination can increase the electrical length of based antennas and hence it can increase the number of possible frequency bands at compact size. This is emphasized through developing a dual band hybrid termination CRLH cell antenna resonating at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The antenna design and performance is compared to open/short circuit termination CRLH resonant antennas. All the discussed antennas in this paper have same compact size (21 × 31 mm2). An experimental measurements are carried out for the hybrid terminated CRLH resonant antenna as further validation. The proposed antenna can find possible applications in WiFi/WiMAX services.
Magnetic resonant–wireless power transfer for transparent laptop applications using μ‐metal mesh film
Authors: Lee Hoon Hee , Jung Chang Won
Published: August 2017

In this study, we designed transparent resonators using a μ‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) for magnetic resonant–wireless power transfer (MR‐WPT) for transparent laptop applications. The μ‐MMF transparent electrode has optical transmittance of 65% and sheet resistance of 0.18 Ω/□. For realizing a transparent laptop, transparent acrylic (ɛr = 2.6, tan δ = 0.009) was used as a laptop case, and the μ‐MMF was used as both the transparent ground and receiver (Rx) resonators in the display and body parts of the laptop. The transparent Rx resonators were configured in three combinations (loop resonator [LR], loop resonator with a ground [LRG], and slit ground resonator [SGR]) for the performance comparison, and the operation frequency of the transparent Rx resonators was optimized to 6.78 MHz using capacitors. We measured the transfer efficiency (TE) according to the transfer distance between the Tx and Rx parts, from 5 to 70 cm. The maximum TE of the MR‐WPT with the transparent LR was 41%. For practical applications including ground in the laptop, the TE of the MR‐WPT with the transparent LRG is also measured, and it is nearly zero. Therefore, we designed a transparent SGR that operates as both a resonator and a ground simultaneously; the TE of the MR‐WPT with transparent SGR is improved by 27% compared with the LRG in practical applications including ground planes.
Real‐time brain stroke detection through a learning‐by‐examples technique—An experimental assessment
Authors: Salucci Marco , Vrba Jan , Merunka Ilja , Massa Andrea
Published: August 2017

The real‐time detection of brain strokes is addressed within the Learning‐by‐Examples (LBE) framework. Starting from scattering measurements at microwave regime, a support vector machine (SVM) is exploited to build a robust decision function able to infer in real‐time whether a stroke is present or not in the patient head. The proposed approach is validated in a laboratory‐controlled environment by considering experimental measurements for both training and testing SVM phases. The obtained results prove that a very high detection accuracy can be yielded even though using a limited amount of training data.
Dual frequency selective surface high gain antenna with deep resonant cavity and E‐field reflectors
Authors: Rabbani M. S. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H.
Published: August 2017

Two frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), each with 12 patch elements; have been exploited to enhance the gain of an extended size microstrip patch antenna up to 18.5 dBi at X‐band (8‐12 GHz) frequencies. The antenna gain is further improved to 19.2 dBi just by adding two reflectors across E‐field radiation. The concept of gain enhancement is first examined mathematically and them it is analysed with numerical method based on CST microwave studio simulations. Both of the proposed high gain antennas have been fabricated and tested at around 10 GHz frequencies. The measured and simulation results showed a good agreement.
A dual band patch antenna designed with size improvement method for 60 GHz‐band duplexer applications
Authors: Rabbani M. S. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H.
Published: August 2017

A single patch dual band microstrip antenna has been presented for 60 GHz band (57.24–65.88 GHz) duplexer applications. The patch antenna is designed based on the size improvement method for cost‐effective fabrication with printed circuit board etching process. The antenna is operated on two higher order orthogonal transverse modes to resonate and radiate at 59 GHz and 63.5 GHz frequencies. The simulations and measured return loss (S11/S22) and far‐field radiation patterns results showed good agreement.
Switchable multiband slot antenna for 2.4, 3.5, and 5.2 GHz applications
Authors: Mansoul Ali
Published: August 2017

In this letter, a compact reconfigurable multiband antenna is presented. The antenna can operate in seven different modes categorized into three types, single band, dual band and triple band. The antenna is optimized to work in any band that encompasses the three standards that are, WiFi (2.4 GHz), WiMax (3.5 GHz), and WLAN (5.2 GHz). The locations of the slots as well as the size of the antenna have been optimized in order to reduce as much as possible the total area of the final prototype. For the reconfiguration four switches are integrated on the three slots to switch from one mode of operation to another. As the first validation approach, the two states “on/off” of the switch are modeled by the presence/absence of a perfect conductor (PEC). The results of measurements and simulations are presented and compared and a good agreement is established. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for multiservice and cognitive radio applications.
Critical arcs detection in influence networks
Authors: Gillen Colin P. , Veremyev Alexander , Prokopyev Oleg A. , Pasiliao Eduardo L.
Published: August 2017

The influence class of network problems models the propagation of influence (an abstraction of cascading beliefs, behaviors, or physical phenomena) in a network. Such problems have applications in social networks, electrical networks, computer networks, viral spreading, and so on. These types of networks have also been studied through the lens of critical arcs detection; that is, which arcs (edges) are the most important for maintaining some property of the network (e.g., connectivity). We introduce a new class of problems at the intersection of these two models. Specifically, given a set of seed nodes and the linear threshold influence propagation model, our work proposes to determine which arcs (e.g., relationships in a social network or communication pathways in a telecommunication network) are most critical to the influence propagation process. We prove NP‐hardness of the problem. Time‐dependent and time‐independent mixed‐integer programming (MIP) models are introduced. Insights gleaned from MIP solutions leads to the development of an improved MIP‐based exact algorithm rooted in the idea of diffusion expansion. A heuristic based upon a new centrality measure is also proposed, and computational results are presented. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 71(4), 412–431 2018
Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT–based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes
Authors: Lin Xinghuan , Fan Xiaoyan , Li Rong , Li Zhiguang , Ren Tian , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi
Published: August 2017

In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PHB/PBAT) nanofibrous membranes were produced by electrospinning the blends of biodegradable PHB and PBAT. The antibacterial hydrophobic nanofiber membranes were obtained by grafting 1‐allylhydantoin and perfluorooctyl acrylate onto the PHB/PBAT membranes. The prepared nanofibrous membranes were chlorinated with chlorine bleach and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chlorinated nanofibrous membranes exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ATCC 43895) andStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) with 6.08 and 5.78 log reduction, respectively. The contact angle of this antibacterial membrane was 123.1° ± 1.9°. The treated membranes showed good stability and durability towards UV‐A light exposure and storage. Therefore, our designed antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes may have great potential for use in food packaging.
Improvements to the APBS biomolecular solvation software suite
Authors: Jurrus Elizabeth , Engel Dave , Star Keith , Monson Kyle , Brandi Juan , Felberg Lisa E. , Brookes David H. , Wilson Leighton , Chen Jiahui , Liles Karina , Chun Minju , Li Peter , Gohara David W. , Dolinsky Todd , Konecny Robert , Koes David R. , Nielsen Jens Erik , Head‐Gordon Teresa , Geng Weihua , Krasny Robert , Wei Guo‐Wei , Holst Michael J. , McCammon J. Andrew , Baker Nathan A.
Published: August 2017

The Adaptive Poisson–Boltzmann Solver (APBS) software was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages that have provided impact in the study of a broad range of chemical, biological, and biomedical applications. APBS addresses the three key technology challenges for understanding solvation and electrostatics in biomedical applications: accurate and efficient models for biomolecular solvation and electrostatics, robust and scalable software for applying those theories to biomolecular systems, and mechanisms for sharing and analyzing biomolecular electrostatics data in the scientific community. To address new research applications and advancing computational capabilities, we have continually updated APBS and its suite of accompanying software since its release in 2001. In this article, we discuss the models and capabilities that have recently been implemented within the APBS software package including a Poisson–Boltzmann analytical and a semi‐analytical solver, an optimized boundary element solver, a geometry‐based geometric flow solvation model, a graph theory‐based algorithm for determining pKa values, and an improved web‐based visualization tool for viewing electrostatics.
Comparative study of clustering techniques for real‐time dynamic model reduction
Authors: Purvine Emilie , Cotilla‐Sanchez Eduardo , Halappanavar Mahantesh , Huang Zhenyu , Lin Guang , Lu Shuai , Wang Shaobu
Published: August 2017

Dynamic model reduction in power systems is necessary for improving computational efficiency. Traditional model reduction using linearized models or offline analysis is not adequate to capture dynamic behaviors of the power system, especially with the new mix of intermittent generation and intelligent consumption, making the power system more dynamic and nonlinear. Real‐time dynamic model reduction has emerged to fill this important need. This paper explores using clustering techniques to analyze real‐time phasor measurements to identify groups of generators with similar behavior, as well as a representative generator from each group for dynamic model reduction. Two clustering techniques—graph clustering and k‐means—are considered. These techniques are compared with a previously developed dynamic model reduction approach using singular value decomposition. Two sample power grid datasets are used to test these different model reduction techniques. Based on the algorithms' relative performance, recommendations are provided for practical use.
A model‐based framework for automatic generation of a pattern language verifier
Authors: Rouhi Alireza , Zamani Bahman
Published: August 2017

Design patterns solve recurring design problems. One of the best practices, to solve a whole problem in a specific context, is to apply patterns in the form of a collection of related patterns, ie, a pattern language (PL). However, with the rapid growth of the number of patterns and their interrelationships in PLs and because manual verification of the applied PLs is a tedious and error‐prone task, when designing in PL‐based fashion, there is a need for tool support to verify the applied PLs. In our previous work, aimed at automating the development process of PL verification tools, a PL formalism was presented. This paper, based on the presented formalism, describes a framework called Pattern Language Verifier Generator (PLVGen) that automatically generates a pattern language verifier (PLV) for any given PL assuming its constituent patterns are represented in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Using a modelware approach, two metamodels named pattern language specification language (PLSL) and pattern specification language (PSL) are developed to model the given PL and its patterns, respectively. By getting the models of a PL and its patterns, PLVGen automatically generates an epsilon validation language (EVL) module representing the expected PLV. By launching PLV, the applied PL on a UML model will be verified. To evaluate the applicability of PLVGen in practice, we automatically generated three PLVs. The statistics regarding the generated PLVs, as case studies, illustrate the scalability of PLVGen. Compared with similar tools, the generated PLVs are more portable, transparent, and free of ambiguities.
ACI‐DAfStb database for tests on deep beams and comparisons with code provisions
Authors: Todisco Leonardo , Bayrak Oguzhan , Reineck Karl‐Heinz
Published: August 2017

In an effort to calibrate design methods and code provisions, an ACI‐DAfStb database was assembled for deep beams and non‐slender beams with vertical stirrups and horizontal web/skin reinforcement subjected to point loads. This collection database includes 218 tests, and with the exception of a few, all tests have a shear span to effective beam depth ratios less than 2.4, that is, κ = a/d < 2.4. For the purposes of evaluating the accuracy and conservativeness of design provisions, several control and filtering criteria were applied, and after this process, 89 beams remained in the evaluation database. In light of this database, the performance of shear design provisions of ACI 318‐14 and Eurocode 2, as well as strut‐and‐tie models (STMs) of the FIP Recommendations were examined. The analyses conducted using this database indicated that the application of STMs of ACI 318‐14 is conservative, that is, the database analyses yielded less unsafe tests than the desired 5% fractile. Furthermore, statistical evaluations showed that shear design expressions of Eurocode 2 and FIP Recommendations for non‐slender beams and deep beams are conservative too.
A novel frequency reuse technique for in‐building small cells in dense heterogeneous networks
Authors: Saha Rony Kumer , Aswakul Chaodit
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we address the important issue of reusing frequency resource in femtocells deployed in dense multi‐floor buildings over a large urban macrocell coverage to enhance network capacity and spectral efficiency using almost blank subframe (ABS)‐based enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination (eICIC) technique. Femtocell clustering and modeling an optimum number of ABS (OPNA) are, however, two major challenges to reuse frequency in femtocells deployed in buildings using ABS‐based eICIC. In this paper, we address these challenges by exploiting the high external wall penetration loss of any buildings and in‐between distance of neighboring buildings, and propose a femtocell clustering approach by considering all femtocells in any buildings as a femtocell cluster to avoid an additional computational complexity from clustering. We develop a frequency reuse and scheduling algorithm (FRSA) for an arbitrary number of ABSs for a multi‐tier network, which consists of in‐building femtocells and outdoor picocells in the coverage of an urban macrocell. We then propose a model for estimating the OPNA and derive an OPNA per femtocell cluster basis under two schemes, namely adaptive OPNA and non‐adaptive OPNA, in order to vary the number of ABSs imposed on femtocells within a building dynamically based on the presence of indoor macrocell users within the building to avoid cross‐tier interference with femtocells. An optimization algorithm for OPNA schemes is developed, and its implementation aspects are discussed. The impact of varying the number of ABSs and femtocells per building on the throughput performance of FRSA is analyzed through an extensive system‐level simulation, and the capacity outperformance of the adaptive over the non‐adaptive OPNA scheme is shown. Finally, a schematic of the scheduler implementation for FRSA is developed, and the capacity outperformance of FRSA over a number of existing works is shown. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low‐complexity transmit antenna selection algorithm exploiting null space in spatial multiplexing UWB MIMO systems
Authors: Kim Sangchoon
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a new transmit antenna selection algorithm for spatial multiplexing ultra‐wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output systems is proposed. It utilizes the null space of the channel matrix spatially and temporally combined for available transmit antennas. A selection strategy is used to successively find and remove the transmit antennas having the largest contribution to the null space. Its error performance is shown to be close to that of the optimal antenna selection algorithm with low complexity. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An integrated battery charger configuration for SRM drive in electric motorcycles
Authors: Hatti Natchpong , Nuilers Surasak , Chayopitak Nattapon , Somsiri Pakasit
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes and describes an integrated battery charger configuration for a switched‐reluctance motor (SRM) drive to be used in electric vehicles such as electric motorcycles. The proposed configuration can share switching devices, inductors (motor‐phase winding inductance), and a control board with the SRM drive. Moreover, it can be operated as a buck–boost converter, a buck converter, a boost converter, or a cascade buck–boost converter. In addition, for improved efficiency, additional high‐frequency (small size) inductors can be added to the converter circuit to replace the inductors of the motor's winding coils. A 500‐W 220‐V experimental system was designed, constructed, and tested based on a 32‐bit digital signal processor (TMS320F28027) with the use of SiC and Si MOSFETs as switching devices. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toward a Framework for Linking Linguistic Knowledge and Writing Expertise: Interplay Between SFL‐Based Genre Pedagogy and Task‐Based Language Teaching
Authors: Yasuda Sachiko
Published: August 2017

This article attempts to apply some systemic functional linguistic (SFL) concepts to task‐based language teaching (TBLT) as a means of enriching the fields of learning, teaching, and evaluating writing in an additional language. The purposes are twofold. First, this article presents a concrete example concerningSFL‐initiated genre‐based tasks, which were designed for college‐level writers of English as a foreign language (EFL) so that they can learn genre, task, content, and language concurrently. Second, this article presents a descriptive study on how the systematically designed genre‐based tasks were experienced by theEFLwriters, how their genre awareness changed as they experienced the genre‐based tasks, and how their meaning‐making choices for constructing a genre changed over time. This study's findings highlight the effectiveness of linking the conceptual framework ofSFLto the methodological principles ofTBLTin terms of the simultaneous development of linguistic knowledge and writing expertise.
Measuring Flow in the EFL Classroom: Learners’ Perceptions of Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultural Task‐Based Interactions
Authors: Aubrey Scott
Published: August 2017

This article reports on a study that investigates the effects of inter‐cultural contact on flow experiences during the performance of five oral tasks in an English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. Using a quasi‐experimental design, Japanese EFL learners in the inter‐cultural group (n = 21) and the intra‐cultural group (n = 21) reported on their perceptions of task experiences for each performance. Under the intra‐cultural condition, learners performed tasks with Japanese peers, whereas under the inter‐cultural condition learners were paired with non‐Japanese international students. The dimensions of flow, as they emerged in the data, were identified via a content analysis of 208 diary entries. The findings revealed that inter‐cultural task interaction generated significantly more flow‐enhancing experiences and fewer flow‐inhibiting experiences than intra‐cultural task interaction. An examination of the relative strength of each dimension revealed that learners experiencing inter‐cultural task‐based interaction benefited from a sense of accomplishment, which increased in strength as learners progressed through the tasks. Results provide insights into how components of flow are interrelated and change over time during inter‐cultural interactions, and suggest a model for how tasks can be implemented in the classroom to promote certain aspects of flow.
Measurement of mechanical loads in large wind turbines: Problems on calibration of strain gage bridges and analysis of uncertainty
Authors: Bezziccheri M. , Castellini P. , Evangelisti P. , Santolini C. , Paone N.
Published: August 2017

The paper discusses the complexity of calibration of strain gage full bridges applied to measure mechanical loads in large wind turbines, when direct application of calibration loads is not feasible. In particular, at first, it presents a generalized static‐dynamic mechanical model which allows to calibrate the strain gage full bridges using its own unbalanced masses to generate known reference inputs. Then, the paper discusses the uncertainty associated to such a calibration, according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98‐3:2008 “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”. The uncertainty of the reference input and the following calibration is discussed, which is often larger than the target set by the standard IEC‐61400‐13 used for wind turbine type certification. The paper comments on the attainable range of calibration which is rather limited with respect to expected load range in operation. Even if calibration should take place in isothermal effects, this is not always the case in real world practice. Therefore, the thermal effects on strain gage bridges are also discussed, putting into evidence its influence on calibration uncertainty both for full bridges in T configuration and in parallel configuration.
Advancing Student Leader Development Through Student Organization Advising and Institutional Support
Authors: Kane Cindy
Published: August 2017

This chapter explores the potential and promise of student organization advisors in facilitating student leader development. Through exploration of key aspects of institutional support, the author identifies ways that advisors of all backgrounds contribute to the teaching and learning experiences of students.
Bridging Secondary and Postsecondary Leadership Experiences: A Toolkit for Leadership Learning Facilitators
Authors: Bruce Jackie , Stephens Carrie Ann
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the scaffolding of leadership learning and development in student organizations from secondary to postsecondary institutions and explores ways that high school and collegiate advisors can better integrate efforts to help emerging student leaders make the transition from involvement and leadership development from one environment to the other.
Comparación entre más de 2 grupos y magnitud del efecto: un enfoque no paramétrico
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio
Published: August 2017

En un estudio reciente donde se reporta la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout (SB), en una muestra de residentes de pediatría1, una de las conclusiones estuvo referida a la diferencia en la experiencia del SB entre residentes de primer, segundo y tercer año, tomando como referencia la clasificación de los 3 componentes (cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal) en niveles (bajo, moderado y alto).
Consumer Culture and the Making of Modern Jewish Identity
Authors: Reuveni Gideon
Published: August 2017

Antisemitic stereotypes of Jews as capitalists have hindered research into the economic dimension of the Jewish past. The figure of the Jew as trader and financier dominated the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But the economy has been central to Jewish life and the Jewish image in the world; Jews not only made money but spent money. This book is the first to investigate the intersection between consumption, identity, and Jewish history in Europe. It aims to examine the role and place of consumption within Jewish society and the ways consumerism generated and reinforced Jewish notions of belonging from the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the new millennium. It shows how the advances of modernization and secularization in the modern period increased the importance of consumption in Jewish life, making it a significant factor in the process of redefining Jewish identity.
BRAINS IN VATS? DON'T BOTHER!
Authors: Baumann Peter
Published: August 2017

Contemporary discussions of epistemological skepticism – the view that we do not and cannot know anything about the world around us – focus very much on a certain kind of skeptical argument involving a skeptical scenario (a situation familiar from Descartes' First Meditation). According to the argument, knowing some ordinary proposition about the world (one we usually take ourselves to know) requires knowing we are not in some such skeptical scenario SK; however, since we cannot know that we are not in SK we also cannot know any ordinary proposition. One of the most prominent skeptical scenarios is the brain-in-the-vat-scenario: An evil scientist has operated on an unsuspecting subject, removed the subject's brain and put it in a vat where it is kept functioning and is connected to some computer which feeds the brain the illusion that everything is “normal”. This paper looks at one aspect of this scenario after another – envatment, disembodiment, weird cognitive processes, lack of the right kind of epistemic standing, and systematic deception. The conclusion is that none of these aspects (in isolation or in combination) is of any relevance for a would-be skeptical argument; the brain-in-the-vat-scenario is irrelevant to and useless for skeptical purposes. Given that related scenarios (e.g., involving evil demons) share the defects of the brain-in-the-vat-scenario, the skeptic should not put any hopes on Cartesian topoi.
Prediction of RecurrentClostridium DifficileInfection Using Comprehensive Electronic Medical Records in an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System
Authors: Escobar Gabriel J. , Baker Jennifer M. , Kipnis Patricia , Greene John D. , Mast T. Christopher , Gupta Swati B. , Cossrow Nicole , Mehta Vinay , Liu Vincent , Dubberke Erik R.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Predicting recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (rCDI) remains difficult. METHODS. We employed a retrospective cohort design. Granular electronic medical record (EMR) data had been collected from patients hospitalized at 21 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals. The derivation dataset (2007–2013) included data from 9,386 patients who experienced incident CDI (iCDI) and 1,311 who experienced their first CDI recurrences (rCDI). The validation dataset (2014) included data from 1,865 patients who experienced incident CDI and 144 who experienced rCDI. Using multiple techniques, including machine learning, we evaluated more than 150 potential predictors. Our final analyses evaluated 3 models with varying degrees of complexity and 1 previously published model.

RESULTS

Despite having a large multicenter cohort and access to granular EMR data (eg, vital signs, and laboratory test results), none of the models discriminated well (c statistics, 0.591–0.605), had good calibration, or had good explanatory power.

CONCLUSIONS

Our ability to predict rCDI remains limited. Given currently available EMR technology, improvements in prediction will require incorporating new variables because currently available data elements lack adequate explanatory power.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1196–1203
Fluid transport in geological reservoirs with background flow
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Maskell Alexandra S. D. , Daniels Katherine A. , Bickle Mike J.
Published: August 2017

This paper presents fundamental analysis of the injection and release of fluid into porous media or geological reservoirs saturated by a different fluid undergoing a background flow, and tests the predictions using analogue laboratory experiments. The study reveals new results important for an understanding of the transport of hazardous contaminants through aquifers and the long-term fate of carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_{2}$) in geological $\text{CO}_{2}$ sequestration. Using numerical and asymptotic analysis, we describe a variety of flow regimes that arise, and demonstrate an almost instantaneous control of injected fluid by the far field conditions in geological reservoirs. For a continuous input, the flow develops a horizontal interface between the injected and ambient fluids. The background flow thereby effectively caps the height of the injected fluid into a shallower region of vertical confinement. For a released parcel of fluid, gravitational spreading is found to become negligible after a short time. A dominant control of the interface by the background pressure gradient arises, and stems from the different velocities at which it drives the injected and ambient fluids individually. Similarity solutions describing these dynamics show that the parcel approaches a slender triangular profile that grows horizontally as $t^{1/2}$, where $t$ is time, a rate faster than relaxation under gravity. Shock layers develop at the front or back of the parcel, depending on whether it is more or less viscous than the ambient fluid. New analytical results describing the long-term effects of residual trapping due to capillary retention are developed, which yield explicit predictions for the time and length scales on which a parcel of $\text{CO}_{2}$ becomes retained. We end by applying our results to geological contexts, concluding that even slight background motion can have considerable implications for long-term transport through the subsurface.
Rheology of concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal rigid fibres
Authors: Tapia Franco , Shaikh Saif , Butler Jason E. , Pouliquen Olivier , Guazzelli Élisabeth
Published: August 2017

Pressure- and volume-imposed rheology is used to study suspensions of non-colloidal, rigid fibres in the concentrated regime for aspect ratios ranging from 3 to 15. The suspensions exhibit yield stresses. Subtracting these apparent yield stresses reveals a viscous scaling for both the shear and normal stresses. The variation in aspect ratio does not affect the friction coefficient (ratio of shear and normal stresses), but increasing the aspect ratio lowers the maximum volume fraction at which the suspension flows. Constitutive laws are proposed for the viscosities and the friction coefficient close to the jamming transition.
Boundary Element Calculation of Near-Boundary Solutions in 3D Generally Anisotropic Solids by the Self-Regularization Scheme
Authors: Shiah Y. C. , Chang L. D.
Published: August 2017

This research targets investigation of the internal elastic field near the boundaries of 3D anisotropic bodies by the boundary element method (BEM). This analysis appears to be most important, especially for the interest in the internal solutions near corners or crack tips, where structural failure is most likely to occur. Although the BEM is very efficient for analyzing the problem, nearly singular integration will arise when the internal point of interest stays near the boundary. The present work is to show how the self-regularized boundary integral equation (BIE) can be applied to the interior analysis for 3D generally anisotropic bodies. So far, to the authors' best knowledge, no implementation work has been reported in the literature for successfully treating the near boundary solutions in 3D generally anisotropic solids. In the end, a few benchmark examples are presented to demonstrate the veracity of the present approach for the interior BEM analysis of 3D anisotropic elasticity.
Ethnicity and the Swing Vote in Africa’s Emerging Democracies: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Horowitz Jeremy
Published: August 2017

Who are Africa’s swing voters? This article argues that in settings where ethnicity is politically salient, core and swing are defined by whether ethnic groups have a co-ethnic leader in the election. For members of ethnic groups with a co-ethnic in the race, there is typically less uncertainty about which party or candidate will best represent the group’s interests. For members of groups without a co-ethnic in the race, uncertainty is often greater, making these voters potentially more receptive to campaign persuasion and more likely to change voting intentions during the campaign. Consistent with these expectations, panel data from Kenya’s 2013 presidential election shows that voters from groups without a co-ethnic in the race were more than two and a half times more likely to change their voting intentions during the campaign period.
Uncovering High-Level Corruption: Cross-National Objective Corruption Risk Indicators Using Public Procurement Data
Authors: Fazekas Mihály , Kocsis Gábor
Published: August 2017

Measuring high-level corruption is subject to extensive scholarly and policy interest, which has achieved moderate progress in the last decade. This article develops two objective proxy measures of high-level corruption in public procurement: single bidding in competitive markets and a composite score of tendering ‘red flags’. Using official government data on 2.8 million contracts in twenty-eight European countries in 2009–14, we directly operationalize a common definition of corruption: unjustified restriction of access to public contracts to favour a selected bidder. Corruption indicators are calculated at the contract level, but produce aggregate indices consistent with well-established country-level indicators, and are also validated by micro-level tests. Data are published at http://digiwhist.eu/resources/data/.
Temperature-dependent development ofHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its larval parasitoid,Habrobracon hebetor(Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): implications for species interactions
Authors: Noor-ul-Ane M. , Ali Mirhosseini M. , Crickmore N. , Saeed S. , Noor I. , Zalucki M.P.
Published: August 2017

Habrobracon hebetor(Say) is a parasitoid of various Lepidoptera includingHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner), a key pest of different crops and vegetables. The development of bothH. armigeraandH. hebetorwere simultaneously evaluated against a wide range of constant temperatures (10, 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 35, 37.5 and 40 °C).Helicoverpa armigeracompleted its development from egg to adult within a temperature range of 17.5–37.5 °C andH. hebetorcompleted its life cycle from egg to adult within a temperature range of 15–40 °C. Based on the Ikemoto and Takai model the developmental threshold (To) and thermal constant (K) to complete the immature stages, ofH. armigerawere calculated as 11.6 °C and 513.6 DD, respectively, and 13 °C and 148 DD, respectively, forH. hebetor. Analytis/Briere-2 and Analytis/Briere-1 were adjudged the best non-linear models for prediction of phenology ofH. armigeraandH. hebetor, respectively and enabled estimation of the optimum (Topt) and maximum temperature (Tmax) for development with values of 34.8, 38.7, 36.3, and 43 °C for host and the parasitoid, respectively. Parasitisation byH. hebetorwas maximal at 25 °C but occurred even at 40 °C. This study suggests although high temperature is limiting to insects, our estimates of the upper thermal limits for both species are higher than previously estimated. Some biological control ofH. armigerabyH. hebetormay persist in tropical areas, even with increasing temperatures due to climate change.
REE partition among zircon, orthopyroxene, amphibole and garnet in a high-grade metabasic system
Authors: FORNELLI ANNAMARIA , LANGONE ANTONIO , MICHELETTI FRANCESCA , PICCARRETA GIUSEPPE
Published: August 2017

A mafic amphibole-bearing granulite with porphyroblastic garnet was investigated to evaluate: (1) the rare earth element (REE) partition among garnet, zircon, orthopyroxene and amphibole during the metamorphic evolution; (2) the significance of the REE distribution along lobes and bights of reabsorbed garnet rim; and (3) REE distribution coefficient values (DREE) suggestive of chemical equilibrium, assuming garnet as a reference. The results have been compared with those deriving from an intermediate granulite containing porphyroblastic garnet, without amphibole. Porphyroblastic garnet from both samples is rimmed by a continuous corona formed during post-peak decompression characterized by REE-enriched lobes and REE-poor bights. The amphiboles from corona have various REE abundances, reflecting a different dissolution rate of original garnet rim. The initial slow rate of garnet dissolution caused high REE concentration in the new garnet rim due to intra-crystalline diffusion, leading to the formation of REE-poorer amphiboles in corona. Subsequently, under an increasing geothermal gradient and fluid-present conditions, the faster dissolution of garnet determined the formation of bights and the transfer of REEs towards the corona. The timing of garnet growth and its dissolution were checked by U–Pb zircon ages. The zircons dated from 339 Ma to 303 Ma in two rock types combined with the garnet domains (core, outer core, rim) show similar distribution of patterns relative to heavy rare earth elements for zircon and garnet (DHREEzrn/grt), suggesting chemical equilibrium. Zircons dated at c. 300 Ma do not appear in equilibrium with REE-rich garnet lobes, and younger zircons (278 Ma) show a new equilibrium with REE-poor garnet bights. On this basis, the DHREEamph/grt values obtained in specific textural sites might be interpreted as suggestive of equilibrium under granulite conditions.
Fast and spectrally accurate evaluation of gyroaverages in non-periodic gyrokinetic-Poisson simulations
Authors: Guadagni J. , Cerfon A. J.
Published: August 2017

We present a fast and spectrally accurate numerical scheme for the evaluation of the gyroaveraged electrostatic potential in non-periodic gyrokinetic-Poisson simulations. Our method relies on a reformulation of the gyrokinetic-Poisson system in which the gyroaverage in Poisson’s equation is computed for the compactly supported charge density instead of the non-periodic, non-compactly supported potential itself. We calculate this gyroaverage with a combination of two Fourier transforms and a Hankel transform, which has the near optimal run-time complexity$O(N_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}(P+\hat{P})\log (P+\hat{P}))$, where$P$is the number of spatial grid points,$\hat{P}$the number of grid points in Fourier space and$N_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}$the number of grid points in velocity space. We present numerical examples illustrating the performance of our code and demonstrating geometric convergence of the error.
SOME NOTES ON THE SHALLOW STRUCTURE HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Clahsen Harald , Felser Claudia
Published: August 2017

Since the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH) was first put forward in 2006, it has inspired a growing body of research on grammatical processing in nonnative (L2) speakers. More than 10 years later, we think it is time for the SSH to be reconsidered in the light of new empirical findings and current theoretical assumptions about human language processing. The purpose of our critical commentary is twofold: to clarify some issues regarding the SSH and to sketch possible ways in which this hypothesis might be refined and improved to better account for L1 and L2 speakers’ performance patterns.
What you see and what you get: combining near-infrared spectroscopy with powder diffraction
Authors: Maynard-Casely Helen E. , Booth Norman , Anderberg Leo , Brand Helen E.A. , Cotton Daniel V.
Published: August 2017

Knowledge of the surface composition of planetary bodies comes from a number of sources; such as landers, remote sensing and meteorites. However, the bulk mapping of the composition of planetary surfaces has been undertaken by analysis of reflected sunlight and these data—principally collected in the near-infra-red (IR) region—are notoriously broad and ambiguous. Hence, if laboratory spectra could be tied to physical properties measurements, such as diffraction, this would substantially aid our understanding of processes occurring in these extra-terrestrial environments. This contribution presents the capability of collecting near-IR data at the same time as neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a range of conditions (low temperature, vacuum, and humidity variations) and highlights two examples where this capability could enhance our understanding of planetary surfaces.
International trade with pensions and demographic shocks
Authors: FEDOTENKOV IGOR , VAN GROEZEN BAS , MEIJDAM LEX
Published: August 2017

The central question of this paper is how international trade and specialization are affected by different designs of pension schemes and asymmetric demographic changes. In a model with two goods, two countries and two production factors, we find that countries with a relatively large unfunded pension scheme will specialize in the production of labour intensive goods. If these countries are hit by a negative demographic shock, this specialization will intensify in the long run. Eventually, these countries may even completely specialize in the production of those goods. The effects spill over to other countries, which will move away from complete specialization in capital intensive goods as the relative size of their labour intensive goods sector will also increase.