bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology and implications of verified attacks on health care in Ukraine in the first 18 months of war
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jeong , Bruni Emanuele , Gorodetska Galyna , Van den Bergh Rafael , Bezer Lamia , Artykutsa Sergiy , Andriamiseza Noémie , Habicht Jarno
Published: May 2024

Attacks on health care are part of the spectrum of threats that health care endures during conflict. Protecting health care services against attacks depends on understanding the nature and types of attacks that occur during conflict. The World Health Organisation has implemented the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) in Ukraine since 2020, and the system has continued to monitor and report on attacks on health care during the war in Ukraine. This study aims to analyse the data reported through the SSA for the first 18 months of the war. This paper involves a retrospective, descriptive study based on the analysis of publicly available SSA data of all incidents of attacks on health care in Ukraine reported through the SSA between February 24th 2022 and August 24th 2023. Out of the 1503 verified attacks, 37% occurred in the initial six weeks of the war. Attacks involving violence with heavy weapons were among the most common incidents reported (83%). The reported attacks were associated with a total of 113 deaths and 211 injuries among health care workers and patients: 32 (2%) attacks were associated with a death of a health care worker or patient, and 63 (4%) were associated with an injury. Health transports facing attacks had a higher probability of experiencing casualties than other health resources (p<0.0001, RR 3.1, 95%CI 1.9–4.9). In conclusion, the burden of attacks on health care in Ukraine was high and sustained over the course of the first 18 months of the war. Reported casualties were not homogenously distributed among attack incidents, but occurred in a set of high-casualty incidents. Health transports were found to be particularly vulnerable. In addition to continued calls for a cessation of hostilities, prevention, protection, mitigation, and reconstruction strategies are urgently required.
Asymptomatic infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fortas Camille , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth , Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa , Crucitti Tania , Huynh Bich-Tram
Published: May 2024

Syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is common in settings with limited access to diagnostic testing. However, this approach does not capture asymptomatic STIs. Untreated asymptomatic infections may result in serious complications and sequelae in women. We aimed to estimate the proportion and the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections among women in low- and middle-income countries. We searched Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2000 and 2022. We used random effect models to compute the proportion and prevalence estimates and performed sub-group analysis. We evaluated the quality of each article using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies and performed sensitivity analyses. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022286673. Forty-eight eligible studies were included. The proportion of asymptomatic CT, NG, and TV infections were: 60.7% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 50.4; 70.5], 53.3% [37.1; 69.1], and 56.9% [44.6; 68.9], respectively. The proportion of women with asymptomatic infections was the highest in Africa for the three pathogens. The pooled prevalence of asymptomatic CT, NG, and TV infection was 4.70 per 100 women [95%CI: 3.39; 6.20], 3.11 [1.34; 5.54], and 5.98 [3.46; 9.12], respectively. More than half of the women infected by CT, NG, or TV were asymptomatic. To avoid undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic infections leading to complications, alternative approaches to syndromic management urgently need to be considered.
Intronic miR-6741-3p targets the oncogene SRSF3: Implications for oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis
Authors: More Dhanashree Anil , Singh Nivedita , Mishra Radha , Muralidharan Harsha Pulakkat , Gopinath Kodaganur Srinivas , Gopal Champaka , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2024

Epigenetic silencing through methylation is one of the major mechanisms for downregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs in various malignancies. The aim of this study was to identify novel tumor suppressor miRNAs which are silenced by DNA hypermethylation and investigate the role of at least one of these in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis. We treated cells from an OSCC cell line SCC131 with 5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, to reactivate tumor suppressor miRNA genes silenced/downregulated due to DNA methylation. At 5-day post-treatment, total RNA was isolated from the 5-Azacytidine and vehicle control-treated cells. The expression of 2,459 mature miRNAs was analysed between 5-Azacytidine and control-treated OSCC cells by the microRNA microarray analysis. Of the 50 miRNAs which were found to be upregulated following 5-Azacytidine treatment, we decided to work with miR-6741-3p in details for further analysis, as it showed a mean fold expression of >4.0. The results of qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-6741-3p directly targets the oncogene SRSF3 at the translational level only. The tumor-suppressive role of miR-6741-3p was established by various in vitro assays and in vivo study in NU/J athymic nude mice. Our results revealed that miR-6741-3p plays a tumor-suppressive role in OSCC pathogenesis, in part, by directly regulating SRSF3. Based on our observations, we propose that miR-6741-3p may serve as a potential biological target in tumor diagnostics, prognostic evaluation, and treatment of OSCC and perhaps other malignancies.
The impact of long-term care insurance on family care for older adults: The mediating role of intergenerational financial support
Authors: Wang Lianjie , Liu Jing
Published: May 2024

Rapid population aging has been placing heavy tolls on Chinese family caregivers. Previous empirical evidence from multiple countries have shown that establishing national long-term care insurance was effective in reducing family care burdens. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) wave 2011 to 2018, this study examined the effects of implementing the pilot long-term care insurance program on family care received by the Chinese older adults, by using a time-varying Difference-in-Differences (DID) method. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of the pilot long-term care insurance program has led to a 17.2% decline in general for family care received by the Chinese older adults. (2) The effect of participating in the pilot program on family care received differed by respondent’s household registration, health status, marital status, and possesion of retirement pension, and were specifically pronounced among those who were urban residents, having spouse, living with disabilities, and living with no retirement pension. (3) Further results from the mechanism analyses showed that the pilot long-term care insurance program decreased the level of family care by reducing the dual intergenerational financial support between older adults and their adult children. (4) Although participating in the pilot program decreased older adult’s dependence on their adult children, their physical and mental health status were not negatively affected. This study contributes to the existing literature by evaluating the effects of implementing the pilot long-term care insurance program on family care received by the Chinese older adults, and lends supports to the previous studies that participating in long-term care insurance significantly reduces old adults’ demand for family care, but not in sacrifice of their physical and mental well-being.
Risk chain identification of single-vehicle accidents considering multi-risk factors coupling effect
Authors: Li Fangyuan , Wang Xia , Feng Zenglei , Wang Jian , Li Mengdi , JIANG Kun , ZHAO Changli
Published: May 2024

The real-time monitoring on the risk status of the vehicle and its driver can provide the assistance for the early detection and blocking control of single-vehicle accidents. However, complex risk coupling relationship is one of the main features of single-vehicle accidents with high mortality rate. On the basis of investigating the coupling effect among multi-risk factors and establishing a safety management database throughout the life cycle of vehicles, single-vehicle driving risk network (SVDRN) with a three-level threshold was developed, and its topology features were analyzed to assessment the importance of nodes. To avoid the one-sidedness of single indicator, the multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation model was applied to measure the comprehensive effect of characteristic indicators for nodes importance. A algorithm for real-time monitoring of vehicle driving risk status was proposed to identify key risk chains. The result revealed that improper operation, speeding, loss of vehicle control and inefficient driver management were the sequence of top four risk factors in the comprehensive evaluation result of nodes importance (mean value = 0.185, SD = 0.119). There were minor differences of 0.017 in the node importance among environmental factors, among which non-standard road alignment had the larger value. The improper operation and non-standard road alignment were the highest combination correlation of factors affecting road safety, with the support of 51.81% and the confidence of 69.35%. This identification algorithm of key risk chains that combines node importance and its risk state threshold can effectively determine the high-frequency risk transmission paths and risk factors through multi-vehicle test, providing a basis for centralization management of transport enterprises.
Characterization of Argonaute-containing protein complexes in Leishmania-infected human macrophages
Authors: Moradimotlagh Atieh , Brar Harsimran Kaur , Chen Stella , Moon Kyung-Mee , Foster Leonard J. , Reiner Neil , Nandan Devki
Published: May 2024

The intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania causes leishmaniasis in humans, leading to serious illness and death in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Unfortunately, due to the unavailability of approved vaccines for humans and the limited efficacy of available drugs, leishmaniasis is on the rise. A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level could pave the way to counter leishmaniasis. There is growing evidence that several intracellular pathogens target RNA interference (RNAi) pathways in host cells to facilitate their persistence. The core elements of the RNAi system are complexes of Argonaute (Ago) proteins with small non-coding RNAs, also known as RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). Recently, we have shown that Leishmania modulates Ago1 protein of host macrophages for its survival. In this study, we biochemically characterize the Ago proteins’ interactome in Leishmania-infected macrophages compared to non-infected cells. For this, a quantitative proteomic approach using stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was employed, followed by purification of host Ago-complexes using a short TNRC6 protein-derived peptide fused to glutathione S-transferase beads as an affinity matrix. Proteomic-based detailed biochemical analysis revealed Leishmania modulated host macrophage RISC composition during infection. This analysis identified 51 Ago-interacting proteins with a broad range of biological activities. Strikingly, Leishmania proteins were detected as part of host Ago-containing complexes in infected cells. Our results present the first report of comprehensive quantitative proteomics of Ago-containing complexes isolated from Leishmania-infected macrophages and suggest targeting the effector complex of host RNAi machinery. Additionally, these results expand knowledge of RISC in the context of host-pathogen interactions in parasitology in general.
Monitoring the ventilation of living spaces to assess the risk of airborne transmission of infection using a novel Pocket CO2 Logger to track carbon dioxide concentrations in Tokyo
Authors: Ishigaki Yo , Yokogawa Shinji
Published: May 2024

We employed carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration monitoring using mobile devices to identify location-specific risks for airborne infection transmission. We lent a newly developed, portable Pocket CO2Logger to 10 participants, to be carried at all times, for an average of 8 days. The participants recorded their location at any given time as cinema, gym, hall, home, hospital, other indoors, other outgoings, pub, restaurant, university, store, transportation, or workplace. Generalized linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis, with the objective variable set to the logarithm of CO2concentration. Analysis was performed by assigning participant identification as the random effect and location as the fixed effect. The data were collected per participant (seven males, four females), resulting in a total of 12,253 records. Statistical analysis identified three relatively poorly ventilated locations (median values > 1,000 ppm) that contributed significantly (p< 0.0001) to CO2concentrations: homes (1,316 ppm), halls (1,173 ppm), and gyms (1005ppm). In contrast, two locations were identified to contribute significantly (p< 0.0001) to CO2concentrations but had relatively low average values (<1,000 ppm): workplaces (705 ppm) and stores (620 ppm). The Pocket CO2Logger can be used to visualize airborne infectious transmission risk by location to help guide recommendation regarding infectious disease policies, such as restrictions on human flow and ventilation measures and guidelines. In the future, large-scale surveys are expected to utilize the global positioning system, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth of an individual’s smartphone to improve ease and accuracy.
Combined oral contraceptive utilization and uterine fibroid incidence: A prospective study in a cohort of African-American women
Authors: Hoffman Sarah R. , Smith Jennifer S. , Funk Michele Jonsson , Hudgens Michael G. , Poole Charles , Nicholson Wanda K. , Baird Donna D. , Harmon Quaker E.
Published: May 2024

Published associations between combined oral contraceptive use and uterine fibroid development have lacked prospective imaging with ultrasound to distinguish between incident and prevalent fibroids. The Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids prospectively followed fibroid-free, African-American women (the group with the highest disease burden in the U.S.) to identify incident cases. We examined associations between combined oral contraceptive use and the 40-month cumulative risk of fibroids. History of hormonal contraceptive use was collected via telephone interview at enrollment. Fibroid identification was performed using transvaginal ultrasonography at enrollment, and at 20 and 40-months of follow-up. Inverse probability weights for exposures and censoring were used to construct weighted risk ratios (wRR) and weighted risk different (wRD) estimators which control for differences in fibroid risk factors between exposure groups. In addition, unweighted fully adjusted log-binomial regression models (aRR) were run for comparison. Of the 1,308 participants in the analysis sample, 70% had used combined oral contraceptives and 17% developed fibroids by 40 months. We observed an inverse association between ever use of combined oral contraceptives and cumulative fibroid incidence (wRR: 0.78; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.60, 1.00; wRD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11, 0; aRR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.98). Fibroid incidence was greater in participants who started using combined oral contraceptives after age 17 years than among younger initiators, though the restriction to ever-users made this estimate less precise (wRR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.76; wRD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.10). No consistent patterns of fibroid incidence were seen among ever-users for duration of, or years since, last combined oral contraceptives use.
Los maŷāšir de la axarquía de Málaga y ṭā‘a de Comares
Authors: Ortega López David
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo versa sobre los maŷāšir andalusíes que se ubicaban en la Axarquía de Málaga, donde se incluye la ṭā‘a de Comares. Tras mostrar la definición y las características del maŷšar, se enumeran a partir de las fuentes medievales y modernas un total de 30 asentamientos, distribuyéndose 16 para la Axarquía de Málaga y 13 para la ṭā‘a de Comares. En el análisis individual vemos cuál era la denominación de cada uno, el origen etimológico y significado, su localización, la composición urbana en el caso de algunos que evolucionaron a alquería y cuáles fueron los cultivos y la extensión de sus tierras. Esto permitirá que nos aproximemos al conocimiento de esta unidad mínima de población y producción andalusí en el oriente malacitano, compartiendo características con la alquería como la pauta de asentamiento y el tipo de explotación agrícola, aludiendo casi la mitad de los topónimos a un origen gentilicio y presentando 20 una evolución a alquería y el resto a pagos y lagares.
Small ubiquitin-like modifier-tag and modified protein purification significantly increase the quality and quantity of recombinant African swine fever virus p30 protein
Authors: Chootip Jullada , Hansoongnern Payuda , Thangthamniyom Nattarat , Theerawatanasirikul Sirin , Chankeeree Penpitcha , Kaewborisuth Challika , Lekcharoensuk Porntippa
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly virulent and contagious viral disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). It has a significant impact on swine production throughout the world, while existing vaccines and specific treatments remain ineffective. ASFV p30 is a potent antigenic protein that induces protective antibodies immediately after infection; however, most recombinant p30 is insoluble. This study aimed to improve the solubility, yield, and purity of recombinant p30 by tagging it with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and modifying the protein purification process.

Materials and Methods: SUMO fused with ASFV p30 (SUMO-p30) and p30 alone were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. SUMO-p30 and p30 solubility and expression levels were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein purification was modified by combining ammonium sulfate precipitation method with affinity chromatography. In addition, large-scale production of all versions of p30 were compared using SDS-PAGE and western blotting, and the purified p30 was used to develop the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: The solubility and expression levels of SUMO-p30 were dramatically enhanced compared with that of p30. Modification of the purification process significantly increased purified and soluble SUMO-p30 and p30 yields by 6.59 and 1.02 μg/mL, respectively. Large-scale production confirmed that this procedure increased the quantity of recombinant p30 while maintaining protein purity and immunogenicity. The p30-based indirect ELISA was able to discriminate between positive and negative serum samples with statistically significant differences in mean optical density 450 values (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the enhancement of solubility, purity, and yield of ASFV p30 expressed in E.coli by SUMO fusion tagging and combining ammonium sulfate precipitation with affinity chromatography for protein purification. These positive effects were sustained in large-scale production. Cleavage and removal of hexahistidine-SUMO tag from the fusion protein by protease may not be suitable when handling a large amount of the protein. However, the SUMO-fused p30 retained strong immunoreactivity to convalescent swine serum, indicating its application in immunization and diagnostic purposes. The expression and purification procedures in this study could be applied to increase solubility, quality, and quantity of other recombinant proteins as well.

Keywords: African swine fever, diagnosis, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, p30, protein expression, purification.
A Ação Empreendedora de Produtores de Jogos Independentes Inspirada no Effectuation
Authors: Gomes Jardiel de Moura , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Xavier Filho Jose Lindenberg Julião
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo desvelar a ação empreendedora dos produtores de jogos independentes.Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa que contou com quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas por meio da técnica análise de conteúdo temática.Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo se diferenciou por conciliar o effectuation com a ação empreendedora e permite a compreensão do modo como esse ator se articula por meio de artefatos empresariais, plataformas tecnológicas e infraestrutura digital.Resultados: Os resultados revelam a articulação de atores estratégicos em meio às redes organizacionais como de modalidade da ação social que tem por base a constução e manutenção de parcerias e fortalecimento de valores compartilháveis.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Foram definidas duas abordagens teóricas: o effectuation, proposta por Sarasvathy (2001) e a ação empreendedora, desenvolvida por Paiva Junior (2004). Essas abodagens complementares contemplam um novo modo de olhar a ação empreendedora.
Honour Killing in Erbil City; Social Factors
Authors: Salih Hazha M.
Published: May 2024

Honour killing is one of oldest crimes has been carried out in human’s history, mostly by men, especially in the Middle East culture. It is important for social science researchers to find out the factors behind this horrified crime, also to what extent men see their honour and dignity in women’s gender. In Kurdish society, Honour killing is social phenomenon as it has been increased in past decade. The main question in this research is; to what extent social factors effected on increasing HK in Kurdistan/ Erbil City? Has Honour Killing become social phenomenon in Kurdish society? This research focuses on social factors like religion, culture, family reputation and status effecting on Honour Crimes in Kurdistan. The importance of this research is, It seems like every day we hear about HK and how many innocent women/men have been murdered for no reason. This topic is related to Kurdish structure and social system of Kurdistan. In spite of KRG's new law and progress in developing Kurdistan and people's awareness, the HK rate is increasing. Overall, all interviewers believed that culture is main cause and reason for HK.
Inclusive Leadership and Its Impact on Retaining Talented Employees
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Media A. , Fatah Ava O.
Published: May 2024

The main research problem revolves around the questioning of the searched companies seeking to retain talented employees through their possession of inclusive leaderships, and through them the goal of the research is determined, which is to stand on the fact of the actual contribution of inclusive leadership, and the extent of its contribution to retaining talented employees, where (429) questionnaires were distributed on a sample of employees of Iraqi telecommunications companies (Asiacell, Korek, and Zain), and in order to test the research hypothesis, the statistical program (SPSSV.26) and AMOS V.26 were used. The results showed that there is a direct effect of the independent variable, the inclusive leadership, in the dependent variable, the retention of talented employees, that is, whenever the leaders in the telecom companies surveyed possess the characteristics and attributes of each of the openness, availability or readiness, accessibility, and the inclusive climate, the more this contributes to improving the levels of retaining talented employees. In those companies, therefore, it is not enough to retain talented employees only, but the researched companies must sustain that activity by providing a supportive climate for their innovations and creativity in the company's various operations, in a manner that enables those companies to adopt them as a competitive advantage in the face of similar companies.
شمس الدين الشَّهْرُزُوْرِيّ؛ الفيلسوف المنسي
Authors: Lashkry Haidar
Published: May 2024

شەمسەدین محەمەد کوڕی مەحمودی شارەزووری (م. دوای ٦٨٧ک/١٢٨٨ز)، یەکێک لە کۆڵەگە بنەڕەتییەکانی هزریی فەلسەفیی ئیشراقی پێکدەهێنێ، کە لەسەر دەستی شەهابەدین سوهرەوەردیی کوژراو (م. ٥٨٧ک/١١٩١ز) لە جیهانیی ئیسلامیدا گەشەی سەندبوو. ئەم زانایە، لە میانەی چەندی کتێبی گرنگیی فەلسەفییەوە، هاتووە ئەم ڕەوتە فەلسەفییەی ناساندووە و بنەماکانی شرۆڤە کردووە. هەوڵیداوە گرنگیی ئەم ڕەوتە فەلسەفییە – عیرفانییە، کە لەسەر بنەمای چەشە و کەشفی ڕۆحانیی دامەزراوە، بخاتەڕوو، لەبەرامبەر بەو ڕەوتە فەلسەفییەی لەسەر بنەمای بەڵگە و سەلماندنی عەقڵانی وەستابوو، کە بە مەشائی ناسرابوو و ئیبن سیناش کاریگەرترین و دیارترین کەسەکانی بوو.
سەرباری ئەو پێگە گرنگەی شارەزووری هەیبوو و باڵایی دەقەکانی لەبواری خۆیاندا، کەچی هیچ زانیارییەکی لە بارەیەوە بەردەست نییە؛ سەربوردەی بەتەواوی نادیارە و کەسێکی لەبیرکراوە. تاکە سەرچاوەی ناسینی، نوسینەکانییەتی، کە تێیاندا ئەزموونی ڕۆحانی و پەرەسەندنی هزریی خۆی خستۆتەڕوو. بۆیە لەم توێژینەوەیەدا هەوڵمانداوە دەقەکانی شارەزووری، ئەوانەی ڕەنگدانەوەی هەڵوێستی کەسیی خۆین یان گوزارە لە ئەزموونی لەگەڵ فەلسەفە و عیرفانی ئیسلامیدا دەکەن، لەو ناوکۆیە فێرکارییەی تێیدا دایڕشتوون دەربهێنیین و لەچوارچێوەی سەربوردەی هزریی کەسییانەیەوە دایانبڕێژینەوە. لێرەوە هەوڵنەدراوە قسە لەبارەی هزری ئەو وەک خۆی بکرێ، ئەوەندەی پرسە سەرەکییەکە چۆنیەتی نواندنی کەسێتی خۆی بووە لەنێو ئەم هزرەدا. تا وای لێ بێت وەک شێخێکی هەرە دیاری فەلسەفەی ئیشراق و زانایەکی بێهاوتای ئەم بوارە دەربکەوێ.
بۆ تەواوکردنی ئەم سەربوردە هزرییەش، هانامان بردۆتە بەر کڕۆنۆلۆژیای نوسینی کتێبەکانی و وەک دەقی مێژوویی بەکارمان هێناون، چونکە پرسی گرنگ، سەبارەت بە ژیانیی هزریی نوسەرەکەیان، دەوروژێنن. دوابەدوای ئەمە لە کاریگەرییەکانی هزریی شارەزووری بەسەر قوتابخانەی ئیشراق، کە لە دواتردا برەوەی سەندووە، دواوین. پرسی جێکەوتەی ئەم هزرەمان بەسەر فەیلەسوفانی درەنگتر تاوتوێ کردووە.
Family Environment Related to Social Tolerance Among Students of Koya University
Authors: Ahmad Abas Sh. , Saadi Alan S.
Published: May 2024

The main purpose of the research was to find out the environment of the family's relationship with the community's amnesty by the Koya University's students, according to the variable of gender. In this research, the researcher used the description method, and the group of this research was made up of the students of the University of Koya who were (4391), the sample of the research was (344) students, both male and female, to measure the family environment and community forgiveness, the researcher returned to the previous researches that was related In order to take advantage of them, determining a measure that was set in( 21) sections, each section had 5 options. In order to analyze the data, we benefited from SPSS and structural equation modeling, have been included in the AMOS program. The results of this study have shown that the family environment is a package that has been formed in three dimensions of culture, economy, and affection. The effect of statistical proof was a measure of (0,627) community amnesty, but if we take the dimensions separately as an independent variable, the emotional environment had a deviation measure effect of (0,215) where we conclude that in the family environment, all three dimensions need to be appropriate to have more power over the community's forgiveness. Finally, under the light of the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.
المقطع في النطام الصوتي ودلالته, خطاب ترحيب مام جلال بقرار مجلس الأمن, خطاب مام جلال لطلبة المتفوقین في الصفوف المنتهية في مدارس العراق
Authors: Rashid Bakhtiar Awla , عولا أمير رفيق
Published: May 2024

يعدّ الخطاب المنطوق مجالا ثريا لمعرفة مختلف الظواهر الصوتية التي يحملها ومنها المقطع والنبر والتنغيم وما إلى ذلك, وبمعرفتها يُعرَف الاتجاه الذي يأخذه الخطاب؛ ويتناول هذا البحث الذي يحمل عنوان: (المقاطع الصوتية في خطابات مام جلال الرئاسية, نماذج مختارة) دلالات المقاطع المتعددة في خطابات مام جلال وبيان مقاصدها التعبيرية وتأثيره على الجمهور.وبيّنا ذلك من خلال خطة علمية مقسمة على محورين, المحور الأول :هو للجانب النظري وفيه سلّطنا الضوء على المقطع ودلالاته في النظام الصوتي معتمدا على آراء العلماء في هذ الصدد, والمحور الثاني: يخص الجانب التطبيقي إذ قمنا بتحليل خطابين من خطابات مام جلال الرئاسية بين عامي (2005-2012) تحليلا مقطعيا للوقوف على الدلالات المستشفة من لجوء مام جلال إلى استعمال المقاطع الصوتية المتنوعة في خطابيه المختارين، الأول: خطاب ترحيب مام جلال بقرار مجلس الأمن, والثاني: خطاب مام جلال لطلاب المتفوقین في الصفوف المنتهية في مدارس العراق، عينتي البحث.وقد لاحظنا أثناء إحصائنا لهذين الخطابين وجود ثلاثة أنواع من المقاطع وهي المقاطع القصيرة والمقاطع الطويلة بشقيها المفتوحة والمغلقة بأعداد متفاوتة إذ أثرت على نوعية الأداء الخطابي من حيث السرعة والبطء والانغلاق والانفتاح لنصل إلى المعنى العام للخطاب وكشف مقاصد مام جلال للتعبيرات الصوتية التي اعتمدها, فضلا عن بيان الحالة النفسية التي يعيش فيها من القلق والتردد والتشاؤم تجاه الظروف القاسية التي يعيش فيها شعوب العراق بسبب الأوضاع الأمنية السيئة التي أثّرت على الحياة العامة بكل مجالاتها.
Nali in the conflict of dualism of words and meaning
Authors: Awez Darya J. , Hussein Sangar N.
Published: May 2024

Literature, as a aspect of human life and knowledge, has long turned to rhetoric and has not been able to speak without it, even as literature is often defined as a kind of expression that has a high rhetoric and is separated from people's normal speech because of this rhetoric.
The writer or poet has always relied on the rhetorical arts that were common in their time, often measured and evaluated between the two products in the same era because of the rhetorical art that writers used in their texts.
It seems that Kurdish literature, as one of the eastern literature, has had a great influence on Arabic rhetoric in two directions: the first is Arabic rhetoric through persians, meaning kurds, just as they have received other classical things from Persia, have demanded their rhetoric. Secondly, it was taken directly through the Arabs, and this direction had less effect, Rather, most Kurdish poets fall under the umbrella of the first direction, which does not mean that kurds have been unaware of the problems and conflicts between Arab speakers, on the contrary, Kurdish poets and writers have had a lot of information in this regard, and one of these poets is Mullah Khidir (Nali).
The benefits and benefits of such research are that for the first time, such a subject should be discussed in a practical way and the extent of the negative effect of Arabic rhetoric should be expressed. Key words: (words, meanings, , jahz, gurgani, rhetoric).
Introductory Note to “Regulatory Sandboxes, Automatization of Administrative Decision-Making and the Future of Administrative Law”
Authors: Handrlica Jakub
Published: May 2024

Editorial
National Report on Automation in Decision-Making in Public Administration in Slovakia
Authors: Jakab Radomír
Published: May 2024

The development of information technology and its use in everyday life must inevitably have an impact on public administration and its decision-making. Progress in artificial intelligence is also opening up wider opportunities for the use of automation of decision-making processes in public administration. Decision-making processes that once had to be handled by humans can now be automated. However, there must be a sufficient legal basis for this, setting out the legal limits of such automated decision-making. In this paper, the legal possibilities of automation of decision-making processes in the field of public administration in the Slovak Republic were examined, the obstacles that hinder the use of this tool were defined, as well as certain legal solutions eliminating or minimizing the consequences of these obstacles were outlined. The purpose of this paper was not to exhaustively describe and solve the problems with the automation of decision-making processes in public administration in the Slovak Republic. Rather, the purpose was to outline the problem areas that should be addressed in legal research in the coming period.
Equity in German Private Law
Authors: Bork Reinhard
Published: May 2024

The German legal system, as in most continental legal systems, is primarily based on statutes. When deciding a case, judges apply the law as written in norms and do not put their own idea of a just and equitable result in place of the solution provided by the legislature. Seen in this light, statutes are “curdled equity”. This leaves little room for deciding a case under the principle of equity, understood as a means to find a resolution of the tension between the abstract-general provisions of the law and the particularities of the case at hand, i.e., the establishment of justice in individual cases. In this article, the relationship between statute and equity will be illustrated for German private law, highlighting the principle (predominance of statutes) and the exemptions (gateways to equity for legislature and courts). Further examples from German insolvency law complete the picture.
Tissue‐specific differences in Ca2+ sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). Experiments in male rat liver and heart
Authors: Ricardez‐Garcia Carolina , Reyes‐Becerril Mauricio , Mosqueda‐Martinez Edson , Mendez‐Romero Ofelia , Ruiz‐Ramírez Angelica , Uribe‐Carvajal Salvador
Published: May 2024

Permeability transition pore (PTP) opening dissipates ion and electron gradients across the internal mitochondrial membrane (IMM), including excess Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix. After opening, immediate PTP closure must follow to prevent outer membrane disruption, loss of cytochrome c, and eventual apoptosis. Flickering, defined as the rapid alternative opening/closing of PTP, has been reported in heart, which undergoes frequent, large variations in Ca2+. In contrast, in tissues that undergo depolarization events less often, such as the liver, PTP would not need to be as dynamic and thus these tissues would not be as resistant to stress. To evaluate this idea, it was decided to follow the reversibility of the permeability transition (PT) in isolated murine mitochondria from two different tissues: the very dynamic heart, and the liver, which suffers depolarizations less frequently. It was observed that in heart mitochondria PT remained reversible for longer periods and at higher Ca2+ loads than in liver mitochondria. In all cases, Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by ruthenium red and PT was delayed by Cyclosporine A. Characterization of this phenomenon included measuring the rate of oxygen consumption, organelle swelling and Ca2+ uptake and retention. Results strongly suggest that there are tissue‐specific differences in PTP physiology, as it resists many more Ca2+ additions before opening in a highly active organ such as the heart than in an organ that seldom suffers Ca2+ loading, such as the liver.
Markov modeling on dynamic state space for genetic disorders and infectious diseases with mutations: Probabilistic framework, parameter estimation, and applications
Authors: Baranon Mouhamadou Djima , Weke Patrick Guge Oloo , Alladatin Judicaël , Ale Boni Maxime
Published: May 2024

The emergence and dynamic prevalence of genetic disorders and infectious diseases with mutations pose significant challenges for public health interventions. This study investigated the parameter estimation approach and the application of the dynamic state-space Markov modeling of these conditions. Using extensive simulations, the model demonstrated robust parameter estimation performance, with biases and mean-squared errors decreasing as sample size increased. Applying the model to COVID-19 data revealed distinct temporal patterns for each variant, highlighting their unique emergence, peak dominance, and decline or persistence trajectories. Despite the absence of clear trends in the data, the model exhibited a remarkable accuracy in predicting future prevalence trends for most variants, showcasing its potential for real-time monitoring and analysis. While some discrepancies were observed for specific variants, these findings suggest the model’s promise as a valuable tool for informing public health strategies. Further validation with larger datasets and exploration of incorporating additional factors hold the potential for enhancing the model’s generalizability and applicability to other evolving diseases.
MIF and AHP methods for delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Tirunelveli, Tenkasi District, India
Authors: Jebaraj Samuel Prabaharan , Rajagopal Viji
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to identify whether the delineation of potential groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) is essential for monitoring surface and conserving underground water resources. This study analysed the morphology of earth surface characteristics such as geomorphology, lineament density, lithology, slope, soil types, land use and land cover, drainage density, land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall, and topographic wetness index parameters to delineate the potential groundwater zones. This article applies the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-influence factor (MIF) methods to identify potential groundwater zones in the Tirunelveli and Tenkasi districts of Tamil Nadu, India. In the AHP method, individual parameter's geometric mean and normalized weights were determined using the pair-wise matrix analytical method. Remote sensing-geographic information system (RS-GIS) techniques were used to generate thematic map layers from normalized weights to delineate GWPZs. The GWPZs were classified as Very Low, Low, Medium, High, and Very High. The result shows that the GWPZs were identified as 3.57, 0.55, 6.62, 58.09, and 31.21% in the study area for the five classes, respectively. In this study, the thematic maps were also prepared by assigning fixed scores and weights from the MIF approach. In the MIF approach, GWPZs were classified into five classes and identified as 3.16, 0.33, 2.14, 61.21, and 33.16% in the study area, respectively. GWPZ maps were evaluated for both MIF and AHP techniques using the Kappa statistics method with agreement values of 0.77 and 0.72%, respectively. This study's GIS-RS method is more proficient and efficient in delineating the GWPZs.
1D-CNN: Classification of normal delivery and cesarean section types using cardiotocography time-series signals
Authors: Kurtadikar Vidya Sujit , Pande Himangi Milind
Published: May 2024

Cardiotocography (CTG) is considered the gold standard for monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) during pregnancy and labor to estimate the danger of oxygen deprivation. Visual interpretation of CTG traces is complex and frequently results in high rates of false positives and false negatives, leading to unfavorable and unwanted outcomes such as fetal mortality or needless cesarean surgery. If the data are well-balanced, which is uncommon in medical datasets, machine learning techniques can be helpful in interpretation. This study is designed to determine classification performance under various data balance approaches. We propose a robust methodology for the automated extraction of features that use a deep learning model based on the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). We used a public database containing 552 intrapartum CTG recordings. Due to the imbalance in the dataset, the experiments were conducted under a variety of conditions such as (i) an unbalanced dataset, (ii) undersampling, (iii) a weighted binary cross-entropy approach, and (iv) oversampling utilizing the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). We found an excellent sensitivity (99.80% for the unbalanced dataset, 96.25% for the weighted binary cross-entropy approach, and 99.81% with SMOTE) except for the under sampling situation, in which the sensitivity was 85.71%. Moreover, the 1D-CNN model incorporating SMOTE yielded promising results in 88% specificity, 93.72% quality index (QI), and 95.10% area under the curve. The model exhibited excellent performance in terms of sensitivity in every scenario except for undersampling. The oversampling of training data with SMOTE yielded a decent level of specificity, demonstrating the model’s strong predictive capacity. In addition, the SMOTE scenario resulted in fewer training epochs, which is another accomplishment.
All about ablaut: a typology of ablaut reduplicative structures
Authors: Wivell Grace , Miatto Veronica , Karakaş Ayla , Kostyszyn Kalina , Repetti Lori
Published: May 2024

In this typological study, we identify 31 languages that have reduplication with a changed vowel, as in English tick-tock, referred to as ablaut reduplication. Cross-linguistically, this type of reduplication typically manifests as total reduplication with a changed vowel whose quality may or may not be fixed, and when it is not fixed the vowel differs maximally from the corresponding vowel in the base. The order of the copy relative to the base can be fixed or variable, and when it is variable the order enforces a language-specific vowel contour across the two components, such as a low vowel in the first constituent and a high vowel in the second, regardless of which constituent is the base. Furthermore, all cases of ablaut have strikingly similar semantics (playfulness, onomatopoeia, movement, etc.). We review previous treatments of the topic and outline the necessary components of a unified analysis that accommodates the typological patterns.
Revisiting the hypothesis of ideophones as windows to language evolution
Authors: Di Paola Giovanna , Progovac Ljiljana , Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Published: May 2024

Ideophones stand out as promising constructions to be considered as linguistic “fossils”. Allegedly, this is due to some of their distinctive features, including their sound-symbolic nature, ample use of reduplication, reliance on the simplest combinatorial processes, attachment to emotional content, and presumed bootstrapping effects on language acquisition. These features might exhibit some continuity with primate communication systems, including the co-occurrence with gestures. Because the nature and complexity of ideophones in modern languages can vary significantly from culture to culture, in this paper, we focus on their links with cross-modality, and ultimately, on how they are processed by the brain and how our brain evolved. We embed our analysis in the framework of the human self-domestication hypothesis, according to which human evolution was characterized by a gradual decrease in reactive aggression, which had an impact on our cognitive and behavioural features. Our framework implicates the cortico-striatal brain networks, whose enhanced connectivity is a mechanism for both the suppression of reactive aggression, and for cross-modality and language processing more generally. In conclusion, even though present-day ideophones can certainly show many new complexities, some of their most basic features can be reconstructed as approximations of early (but not archaic), creative uses of language.
Almost periodic dynamics for a delayed differential neoclassical growth model with discontinuous control strategy
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Wei , Zhan Qian
Published: May 2024

In this study, we are concerned with the existence and exponential stability issue of a delayed differential neoclassical growth model with discontinuous control strategy. By employing the Filippov’s theory and dichotomy theory, together with the Lyapunov functional method, novel criteria on existence and exponential stability are established for the addressed model. The established theoretical results extend and supplement the related results in the existing literature. Moreover, a simulation example is presented to verify the practicability of the proposed results.
Parameter identification of Yoshida–Uemori combined hardening model by using a variable step size firefly algorithm
Authors: Şener Bora
Published: May 2024

The material behavior under cyclic loading is more complex than under monotonic loading and the usage of the sophisticated constitutive models is required to accurately define the elastoplastic behaviors of the advanced high-strength steels and aluminum alloys. These models involve the numerous material parameters that are determined from cyclic tests and accurate calibration of the variables has a great influence on the description of the material response. Therefore, the development of a precise and robust identification method is needed to obtain reliable results. In this study, a systematic methodology depending upon the firefly algorithm (FA) with variable step size has been developed and Yoshida–Uemori combined hardening model parameters of a dual-phase steel (DP980) and an aluminum alloy (AA6XXX-T4) are determined. The identified parameters are verified based on comparisons between the finite element simulations of the cyclic uniaxial tension-compression tests and experimental data and also the search performance of the variable FA is evaluated by comparing it with the standard FA. It is seen from these comparisons that variable FA can easily find and rapidly converge to the global optimum solutions.
Physiochemical and electrical activities of nano copper oxides synthesised via hydrothermal method utilising natural reduction agents for solar cell application
Authors: Rajabi Armin , Boon Kar Yap , Doroody Camellia , Sieh Kiong Tiong , Arzaee Nurul Affiqah , Mohamad Noh Mohamad Firdaus , Beygisangchin Mahnoush , Ghotbi Mohammad Yeganeh , Alam Mohammad Nur E. , Venu Harish , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Asim Nilofar , Baghdadi Amir Hossein , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the potential compatibility of copper oxide nano-powders synthesised via hydrothermal method for solar cell applications by triggering a reaction between copper acetate and various reducing agents derived from natural resources, including Arabic gum, molasses, starch, and vinegar. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline phases of the synthesised materials, indicating the successful synthesis of copper oxide material, which was confirmed by identifying patterns that matched specific copper oxide phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyse the molecular vibrations and chemical compounds present in the reducing agents. The reducing properties of the selected materials and their capacity to convert copper acetate into copper oxide were validated. Field-emission microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) revealed variations in particle size and morphology. These variations were dependent on the particular reducing agent utilised during synthesis. Moreover, the carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity were evaluated as the electrical properties of the spin-coated copper oxide thin films. Hall effect analysis determined that the choice of reducing agent significantly influenced the carrier concentration (n) and mobility (µ) of the films. Remarkably, nano copper oxide films synthesised using starch exhibited irregular spherical grains with porous surfaces. Starch-synthesised samples showed the highest conductivity of n = 1.2 × 1019 cm−3 when compared with those synthesised with other reducing agents. This suggests that the porous surfaces in the starch-synthesised films may have contributed to their enhanced conductivity compared to films synthesised with alternative reducing agents. In summary, the findings emphasised the influence of the reducing agent on the size, morphology, and electrical conductivity of the copper oxide NPs.