bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel approach to protein-protein interaction assessment
Authors: Gilmiyarova F N , Kolotyeva N A , Kuzmicheva V I , Remizov V V , Gusyakova O A
Published: September 2020

Past decades, the study of proteins and small molecules interaction has been at least lagging behind the study of other types of interactions such as protein-protein, protein-DNA and protein-RNA. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low-molecular biologically active compounds, lactate and pyruvate, on protein-protein interactions and to provide quantitative assessment. Using AB0 blood groups system model and labeled monoclonal anti-A and anti-B antibodies we studied the effect of natural metabolites lactate and pyruvate on antigen-antibody interaction. Erythrocytes of A(II) and B(III) blood groups were incubated with lactate and pyruvate before the agglutination reaction. Then the agglutination reaction was performed. Visualization of agglutination complexes was carried out by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy with further processing of noise pixels. A series of in vitro experiments with further visualization and mathematical processing showed the co-directed but more pronounced effect of lactate on the antigen-antibody reaction as compared to pyruvate. In case of influence on antigen A the aggregation process intensification was noted, while this process was inhibited in case of influence on antigen B. The obtained results demonstrate possibility of using small molecules, in particular lactate and pyruvate, as molecular probes and prospects of erythrocytes with antigenic determinants of AB0 system expressed on their membranes for studying protein-protein interactions due to visualization clarity and possibility of quantitative assessment of this process. It is proved that lactate and pyruvate can act as regulators of protein-protein interactions on the example of antigen-antibody reaction.
Productivity and feed value of sparsely distributed annual crops
Authors: Avetisyan A T , Baykalova L P , Artemyev O S , Martynova O V
Published: September 2020

The feed value of sparsely distributed annual crops in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk territory was determined, namely: the content of feed units, feed protein units, digestible protein; the yield of green mass, the collection of dry matter, feed protein units (FPU), feed units (FU) and energy productivity. The feed value and productivity of annual grasses depended on the biological characteristics of the species and variety, the content of nutrients, the yield of green mass and the collection of dry matter. There were increases in the green mass of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link, Amaranthus paniculatus and Melilotus albus to control Avena sativa L. by 182 %, 148% and 145 %. The best in collecting dry matter, feed protein units, digestible protein and energy productivity were Melilotus albus and Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. Panicumm iliaceum L has the maximum content of feed units in the green mass 0.23 feed units/kg, Melilotus albus has 0.25 FPU/kg of feed protein units and Panicum miliaceum L. has 0.24 FPU/kg, Melilotus albus has 35 g/kg of digestible protein.
Incidence and seasonal variation of pet dermatophytosis in Moscow region
Authors: Savinov V A , Kapustin A V , Ovchinnikov R S , Shastin P N , Laishevtsev A I
Published: September 2020

In the current one-year study 2477 samples from pets clinically suspected for dermatophytosis (1010 from dogs and 1467 from cats) were examined by direct microscopy, conventional mycological culture and DTM culture. Direct microscopy revealed 1,28% positive samples, conventional culture – 8,0% and DTM culture – 27,7% positive samples. The average incidence of dermatophytosis in Moscow region was 14% (9,5% in cats and 4,5% in dogs), most of cases were diagnosed in autumn. DTM culture proved to be the most effective method for diagnosing dermatophytosis in pets.
Bioethics as effective method for preserving biological diversity on Earth
Authors: Barmashova T I , Lazutkina E V
Published: September 2020

Man is not the only living creature on our planet. In order to remain man in the highest sense of the word, he must build his relations on the basis of the principle of humanism, not only with his own kind, but also with all living beings. Bioethics is essentially a kind of a model of a person’s relationship with all living things in this world. However, while the worldview principle of anthropocentrism dominates the world, the principles of bioethics cannot be fully realised. Such an attitude not only violates the principle of co-evolution, but inevitably destroys the spiritual world of man. The aim of this article is to explicate bioethics as humanism which gives the relationship between humans and animals an axiological character in which the life of an animal is considered of value. The work emphasises the relevance of replacing the principle of anthropocentrism with the principle of biocentrism, which implies a humane attitude to everything living in the world. The principles of bioethics are more consistent with the principle of harmonious coexistence of man and nature, the implementation of the proper attitude of man to living beings, located below him on the evolutionary ladder. The process of personality education should involve not only the acquisition of knowledge, the assimilation of moral norms of behaviour regarding people, but also the formation of their practical readiness and the need for a humane attitude to animals. An important task of mankind is conservation of biological diversity on our planet.
Morphofunctional changes in the organs of excretion and detoxification with pesticides prolonged low-dose exposure
Authors: Gerunova L K , Bardina E G , Sechkina I V
Published: September 2020

Many toxic substances in low doses daily enter the body of animals and humans with food. In this case, the main burden of the transformation and excretion from the body have the organs of excretion and detoxification. This review summarizes the results obtained on different experimental models and reflecting the impact of pesticides on the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys at low doses chronic intoxication. It is established that, entering the body in low doses, pesticides cause a change in the morphological structure of the intestine and the enzymatic activity of the enterocytes, as well as help reduce the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract and the development of dysbiosis. When exposed to pesticides there are also changes of biochemical processes in the liver and decrease its functional activity, impaired kidney structure. The original state of health and genetic features of stress-limiting systems determine the severity of the changes and level of post-toxic complications risk.
Assessment of the ecological state of the Boguchany reservoir by zoobenthos organisms
Authors: Andrianova A V
Published: September 2020

Zoobenthos communities had been studied in the middle and lower parts of the Boguchany reservoir for five years (2014-2015, 2017-2019). The benthic fauna was chironomid-gammarid in nature with a predominance of chironomids. The littoral communities are qualitatively and quantitatively much richer than in the profundal. With a decrease in depth, there was an increase in the number of invertebrates by about 6 times due to the small-sized species of chironomids. The trophic status of the Boguchany reservoir in 2018 corresponded to the mesotrophic type of medium food capacity (III class), in other years - to the oligotrophic type of low food capacity (II class). Currently, the formation of bottom fauna is at the stage of biocenosis stabilization. An integrated approach was used to assess water quality according to bottom communities. The fundamental criterion for the selection of indices was the consideration of the benthocenosis structural organization, i.e. the development degree of indicator taxa. Water quality, assessed by the state of zoobenthos communities, corresponded to III class, “Moderately polluted”, β-mesosaprobic zone.
Experimental larval rearing of the Japanese sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in Severnaya bay (Slavyansky bay, Sea of Japan)
Authors: Matrosova I V , Politaeva A A , Ilyuschenko V V , Panchishina E M , Shadrina E V , Kornienko N L
Published: September 2020

Experimental larval rearing of the Japanese sea cucumber in a mini plant in Severnaya bay (Slavyansky bay, Sea of Japan) was carried out. The experiment did not reveal any relevant difference in time or speed of reaching different larval development stages or survival rate of the sea cucumber either with the diet supplemented with pigmented yeast Rhodotorula benthica or when fed with the Chaetoceros muelleri and Dunaliella salina phytoplankton. In the lack of the traditional phytoplankton-based fodder, it appears relevant and feasible for the aquaculture enterprises to use such fodder replacement options as Rhodotorula benthica marine pigmented yeast, a non-pathological species with low production cost that does not require any sophisticated cultivation techniques, easy to use and generally yielding a highly predictable production result.
Questions of conservation of wildlife of the Arctic zone
Authors: Poiseev I I , Poiseeva S I
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of maintaining the integrity of ecological systems of the weakest link in the planetary biosphere - the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which occupies more than half of its entire territory, located mainly in the tundra and forest-tundra geographical zones. The factors causing the high vulnerability and difficult recoverability of ecosystems and the requirements of these factors in order to preserve them are given. It is argued that the traditional nature management of the indigenous population of the Arctic zone is not an antagonist of wildlife. At the same time, the inclusion of products in commodity-money relations in a market economy can lead to the depletion of biological resources. It is argued that the most widespread and deepest negative consequences of the environment are caused by industrial production. The most destructive, dirty mining industry is expanding in the Arctic zone. Industrial companies, enterprises do not engage in environmental protection, arguing that environmental protection does not give dividends, increases the cost of their products. The state conducts the wrong policy in relation to extractive companies, enterprises, refusing to control and regulate functions. Taking advantage of the fact that the subsoil is in federal ownership, companies have no obligations to the republic, territory, nature, they do not even allow control. The article provides legislative, administrative and economic measures that must be taken to preserve the integrity of ecosystems and wildlife resources. article the main questions connected with development of domestic agricultural producers are considered, in particular, the main directions of development are allocated. In article it is told about trends of development of agriculture in the conditions of the international sanctions and also development of the technological direction in means of UAVs, robots, innovative machines and the equipment. Also the main issues of development of meat production as one of the most priority directions of development of agriculture are considered in article.
Methods for assessing the toxic effects of heavy metals by bioassay methods
Authors: Skryabin M L , Starkova D L
Published: September 2020

The article presents a method for assessing the toxic effects of heavy metals by means of bioassay, which is a complex of different approaches for assessing the state of different organisms under the influence of environmental factors. To determine the phytotoxicity of soil, theoretical methods, methods of model experiments, as well as methods of biological diagnostics can be used. It is the methods of biological diagnostics that allow us to study the toxic effect of heavy metals on the growth and development of plants.
Features of ecological formation and development of the forest park “Medvedkovsky”
Authors: Novikov A V , Sumarukova O V , Lagutina N V , Barsukova M V , Parmar R
Published: September 2020

The forest park landscape is a cultural “anthropogenic landscape”, which assumes optimal and rational use of natural resources in order to create favorable conditions for mass recreation in the natural forest environment. The impact of recreation on the forest park areas, as well as on the territory of all protected areas, has a number of regularities. In cases where the number of visitors significantly above the acceptable level, and resistance is relatively low, the anthropogenic impact is not only visible, but can be damaging to the individual components of the environment, and sometimes to the whole complex in general. Such an impact causes a response from the natural environment. The analysis of the state of the Medvedkovsky forest park was carried out to recognize the main determinants of the negative repercussions on this territory. For this purpose, the flora and fauna, the road and path network, the degree of recreational digression of the territory, as well as the noise impact exerted on it due to its proximity to the MKAD (Moscow ring road) were taken in account.
Landscape differentiation of the territory of the Voskresensky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Astashin A E , Badin M M , Ufilina V A , Samoylov A V , Pashkin M N
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of landscape differentiation of the territory of the Voskresensky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The territory of the Voskresensky district, which has high indicators of tourist and recreational potential, needs to be considered from the perspective of landscape zoning. The research established boundaries and described 11 landscapes, as well as a landscape map of the territory of the Voskresensky district.
Effectiveness of the use of a symbiotic preparation feeding broilers
Authors: Pavlenko I V , Gryn S A , Markova E V , Albulov A I , Neminuschaya L A , Skotnikova T A , Klyukina V I , Popova V M
Published: September 2020

The article presents the production technology and the results of using a symbiotic preparation based on the E. coli strain VL-613 as a lysine producer in poultry farming. In the practice of feeding productive animals and birds, the problem of lysine deficiency is solved by introducing components of animal origin into the type of diet, as well as synthetic or microbial lysine. A symbiotic preparation (trade name “Proliser”) was produced by periodic controlled deep cultivation of E. coli VL-613 strain in a nutrient medium, based on the Hottinger’s overcook, the concentrated bacterial mass was mixed with a protective medium and cool dehumidificated for long-term retention of biological properties. The E. coli VL-613 strain is able to multiply in the digestive tract of farm animals and birds, can synthesize lysine up to 6.0 μg/cm3, and is not pathogenic to animals and birds. The symbiotic preparation was treated to Cobb-500, Avian-48 and Smena-7 cross broiler chickens by unsoldering or applying to feed pellets. The use of the “Proliser” preparation allowed to increase viability, average daily weight gain and the yield of category 1 meat in broiler chickens, as well as reduce the yield of low-grade meat. The results of tests on a large number of poultry population of poultry farms in the Moscow region showed, that the use of the “Proliser” symbiotic preparation will allow to completely replace synthetic lysine in feed diets for broilers of highly productive crosses.
Sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of fermented minced meat
Authors: Zinina O , Rebezov M , Khayrullin M , Neverova O , Bychkova T
Published: September 2020

In the meat processing industry, biotechnological technologies are becoming more widespread every year. The use of plant and animal enzyme sources enables to obtain products with the desired properties. The paper presents the results of a study of the physicochemical characteristics of minced meat subjected to enzymatic treatment with transglutaminase and sequential treatment with pepsin and transglutaminase. The object of the study is beef with a connective tissue content of 20%. It was found that the sample was sequentially treated with pepsin, the proportion of 0.1%, followed by 0.3% transglutaminase, has the highest organoleptic characteristics, and there is also an increase in the yield of the finished product by 9.5% compared to the control sample. Thus, it can be concluded that the sequential processing of lower-grade meat raw materials with pepsin and transglutaminase can improve the physicochemical parameters of minced meat.
Plant extract and probiotcs change elemental status of muscle tissue of broilers
Authors: Rakhmatullin S G , Duskaev G K , Galiev B H
Published: September 2020

This study was designed to investigate the effect of probiotic (B. adolescentis and L. acidophilus) and plant extract Quercus cortex (EQC) on the elemental status of muscle tissue of broiler chicken. For this, 120 7-day-old broilers were allocated to the following groups: control group – base diet (BD); I – BD +EQC; II – BD + probiotic; III - BD + probiotic + EQC. The following methods were used: atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The of pectoral muscle tissue from broilers in group II contained more calcium, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel and vanadium (P≤0.05). In the femoral muscles, there was an increased accumulation of magnesium, phosphorus, nickel and cobalt in group II (P≤0.05). The combined supplementation with QC and probiotic leads to an improvement of the changes the elemental status of muscle tissue, depending on its localisation, with minor changes to carcass traits.
Modeling the film zone of the continuous deodorator
Authors: Marchenkova S G , Krotova I V , Shchitnikov A S , Kolman O Ya , Ivanova G V , Khudonogov S A
Published: September 2020

The article proposes a model of the film zone of a vegetable oil deodorizer. General expressions are obtained for the analysis and calculation of deodorization and distillation neutralization of oils in the film. The relations obtained in this work can be applied to multicomponent systems. The model can be used in particular to improve the energy efficiency of deodorization plants.
The effect of primary drying temperature on the antioxidant activity of jackfruit, melon and banana in yogurts
Authors: Krasnova I S , Semenov G V , Ganina V I , Volokitina Z V , Guchok Zh L
Published: September 2020

Main patterns of interrelationship between parameters of vacuum freeze-drying and the preservation of antioxidants in final product at different primary temperatures were determined in this article. Jackfruit, melon, and banana were frozen in pieces. The process of freeze-drying of the fruit raw material was at the primary temperature (from minus 10 to minus 30 °C) at an appropriate vacuum. At the secondary drying, the temperature was always the same, equal to 38-40 °C. Freeze-dried fruits were added at the stage of preparation of the mixes of yogurts. The total integral antioxidant activity was measured in the finished products by coulometric titration. The research demonstrated that vacuum freeze-drying at increasingly lower primary drying temperatures leads to a preservation the more content of antioxidants. It has been determined that the addition into yoghurt freeze-dried fruit powder leads to rise total antioxidant activity by 11.3-14.7 %. Our data have shown that there is the possibility of choosing, in agreement with potential consumers, the desired quality of the finished product and this can effect on total cost of process.
Analysis of efficiency of production of sausage products using non-traditional vegetable raw materials
Authors: Gorlov I F , Bozhkova S E , Danilov Y D , Anisimova E Y , Mosolova N I , Starodubova J V
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of balanced nutrition in modern living conditions. The lack of vitamins, micro and macro elements negatively affects human health. Currently, much attention is paid to the problem of nutrition – new enriched products appear on the shelves, and consumers are increasingly paying attention to their composition and nutritional value. The creation of meat products intended for the prevention and treatment of diseases is an actual direction in the food industry, which has extremely important practical and social significance. The purpose of this work is to increase the nutritional value of sausages by using secondary products of regional plant materials – powdered mustard cake. By steaming the cake, the allyl mustard oil is removed, which gives a specific smell and a burning taste. The resulting additive with a residual essential oil content of not more than 0.05-0.1% is considered suitable for use in the technology of enriched meat products. As a result of the studies, the addition of processed mustard cake in the amount of 6-8 kg per 100 kg of raw meat to cooked and semi-smoked sausages positively affected the functional and technological parameters of the minced systems, as well as the main quality indicators developed in the framework of the experimental prototypes. The use of the indicated plant component in the formulations made it possible to increase the yield of the finished product, as well as to increase the stability of the minced system: in cooked sausages by 6%, in semi-smoked sausages – by 1%. A study of the biological value of protein showed an increase in this indicator in the studied product samples: in cooked sausages, this indicator increased by 1.9%, and in half-cooked sausages by 5.7%. In the test samples, essential amino acids are in more balanced proportions due to the high biological value of the protein.
Beef and dairy cattle breeding: development trends of small agribusiness in conditions of state support
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Kholodova M A , Kholodov O A , Shakhbazova O P , Mosolova D A
Published: September 2020

Current development trends of the global and national economies require a search for effective approaches to expand participation of small agribusiness entities in providing population with domestic livestock products. The article focuses on state support programs for family livestock farms and novice farmers in the framework of the national project “Creating a system of support for farmers and the development of rural cooperation.” Development trends of the meat and dairy cattle breeding industry in the Rostov region—a large agricultural region of Russia - have been noted. A deep comprehensive economic analysis of the composition and structure of financing state programs to support small regional agribusiness entities in the livestock industry was conducted, and the ways for its further development have been determined. Regional authorities have been established to be able to identify and significantly expand priority areas for the development of the meat and dairy cattle breeding industry, while consolidating state support measures regarding the distribution of grants to family farms and novice farmers. The need to develop industrial and economic relations of small business in the livestock sector of the region due to the system of consumer cooperation has been justified. A considerable potential for cooperation in the dairy industry has been noted. The methodology of the research on the problem was based on a system of general scientific and local methods and techniques. The information-analytical basis of the study was the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Rostov Region and data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation.
Improving the technology of crushing root crops
Authors: Smirnov N A , Smirnov R A
Published: September 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the efficiency of production of livestock products largely depends on the quality of the feed base, the preparation of which requires special attention. Today, farmers use various types of feed: coarse, juicy, concentrated, fermented. Due to some advantages (high yield, easy digestibility, good eating, beneficial effect on the physiological state of animals), a valuable type of juicy food is root crops. When processing root crops, including preparation for feeding, it is mandatory to grind them, which is the main focus of this article. According to zootechnical requirements, root crops are crushed to particles of 10 … 15 mm for cattle, 5…10 mm for pigs and 4…5 mm for poultry. Analysis of existing shredders today has shown that they are characterized by high energy consumption, complexity of construction, low productivity. Crushed in most of these machines, the feed does not meet the zootechnical requirements, being a porridge-like state, which leads to the loss of juice and nutrients. Therefore, the proposed method of preparation in the article, in our opinion, will allow you to get food that meets the zootechnical requirements for all groups of animals with minimal energy consumption.
The development of an emulsion sauce recipe by adding Rubus saxatilis L. berries
Authors: Rygalova E A , Smol’nikova Ya V , Velichko N A , Khramtsova T G
Published: September 2020

This article presents all the results of the development of a scientifically-based recipe for an emulsion sauce with the use Rubus saxatilis L. berries puree as a functional ingredient. On the base of the organoleptic and physically - chemical characteristics, the dosage of such puree is established, which allows to improve the taste characteristics of the product, while maintaining the required technological properties. To define the terms and the storage period of the product, the dynamics of changes in the total fat content and acidity of the emulsion sauce were determined. Recommended storage periods are defined too. The sauce developed allows to expand the assortment, to enrich the product with the biologically active and physiologically significant substances, to improve the organoleptic qualities of the product and to give functional features to the product.
Selection improvement of pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Lower Volga region
Authors: Solonkin A V , Nikolskaya O A , Kikteva E N
Published: September 2020

Over the past several decades, work has been carried out in the Lower Volga region to improve the assortment of pears using classical and analytical selection methods. Until 2016, the main breeding work was carried out in the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture after the reorganization in the Federal Research Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The selection process was based on the methods of stepwise intervarietal hybridization. High-winter-hardy, but with low quality fruits, varieties of local selection and high-quality, but not sufficiently stable, varieties of western selection were used as parent forms. As a result, varieties and hybrids were obtained that have high fruit qualities and increased resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors of various periods of consumption. Currently, three varieties are zoned in 8 regions, a number of varieties and hybrids are undergoing preliminary and state tests, and can be used both in production and further breeding as donors and sources of economically valuable traits.
Chemical compositions of dairy products and raw milk from cows kept at different technologies in farms of Volgograd region
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Serkova A E , Mosolova N I , Sivko A N
Published: September 2020

The article presents chemical compositions of dairy products and milk from dairy cattle kept under different technological conditions, i.e. stable keeping at AE LLC Donskoye, Kalachevsky District, Volgograd Region and stall-camp keeping at JSC Kirov Farm, Staropoltavsky District, Volgograd Region. To determine chemical compositions, methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were applied. There was used an Elan 9000 quadrupole mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) and an Optima 2000 DV atomic emission spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). The article also provides a comparative description of macro- and microelement compositions of samples (milk, sour cream, cream, whey, cottage cheese, and butter) and concentrations of heavy metals. The obtained results allowed a conclusion that stall keeping is preferable for obtaining high-quality dairy raw material because ruminants’ microflora in forestomachs cannot quickly adapt to summer pasture rations after winter stall keeping.
Biotechnology of starting culture capable of cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Ganina V I , Vasyukova A T , Ionova I I , Mashintseva N G , Golovin M A
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the results of screening strains of probiotic bacteria by their ability to metabolize cholesterol during development on different nutrient media. Cholesterol content was determined by the method of Zlatkis-Zack. The results on the possibility of creating starter cultures from proven strains capable of lowering cholesterol in vitro and taking into account technological properties were presented. Four starter cultures were created, which included microorganisms belonging to two genera: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium (strains were deposited). The created starter cultures showed a higher activity for cholesterol reduction than each strain separately. To confirm the revealed effect, studies of starter cultures were carried out in vivo on the SHK line both sexes white mice. The research results showed that when using the created starter cultures in the nutrition of white mice, against a background of elevated cholesterol, there was a decrease in the concentration of total cholesterol in the animal blood by 38.5 % maximum, compared with mice fed with high cholesterol but without starter cultures. The obtained research results allow us to draw to a conclusion about the possibility of participation of the created starter cultures in cholesterol metabolism and recommend them for use in biotechnology of functional foods.
Optimizing broiler diets using protein supplement
Authors: Volkova G S , Kuksova E V , Serba E M
Published: September 2020

The results of the studies showed that the inclusion of compound feed protein supplement “Biobardin” in the amount of 3-5% had a positive effect on the main indicators of productivity (preservation and increase in live weight) of broiler chickens. The feed obtained using Biobardin was characterized by a higher content of protein, organic acids, bacteriocins, and also contained the biomass of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria. It was established that the broiler chickens absorbed enriched mixed feed more efficiently than the chickens, which consumed similar mixed feed without the studied additives. The broiler chickens from the experimental groups were significantly superior to their peers from the control group: the chickens not only grow better, use feed more economically, but also effectively transform the nutrients of the diet into body weight gain. On the basis of the results of experimental feedings, near-complete preservation of young birds, rapid development and weight gain, good physical condition, absence of diseases, good food intake were noted. The introduction of 5% protein feed additive “Biobardin” into the broilers’ diet can be a real competitor to the traditional source - fish flour or alternatively be used in industrial poultry farming along with it.
Removal of biofilms formed on ion-exchange membranes in ultrafiltration permeates of secondary dairy raw materials
Authors: Ryabtseva S A , Tabakova Yu A , Khramtsov A G , Anisimov G S , Kravtsov V A
Published: September 2020

The modelling of biofilm development on MK-40 and MA-41Π ion-exchange membrane coupons was conducted in skim milk, sweet whey and acid whey ultrafiltration permeates. The membranes were suspended in permeates for up to five days at the room temperature. The incubation was followed with cleaning procedure including water rinsing, acidic, enzymatic and alkaline steps. The efficiency of each step was estimated by the optical densities of waste cleaning solutions relative to original values prior to cleaning. Cleaning efficiency was influenced by the growth medium, type of membrane and incubation time. The biofilms formed in acid whey permeate showed the highest resistance to the introduced cleaning procedure. Moreover, no increase in the optical density of cleaning solutions was observed for 24-h-old biofilms formed in acid whey permeate. Generally, biofilms demonstrated better attachment to MA-41Π membranes. The acidic cleaning step appeared to remove the highest amount of biofilm material from the membrane. However, in some cases, the full cleaning procedure was insufficient to remove a biofilm.
Towards the development of wheat extruded snacks with reduced gluten toxicity
Authors: Sharikov A Yu , Serba E M , Sokolova E N , Borsheva Yu A , Rimareva L V
Published: September 2020

The negative effects of gluten on human health are becoming a serious problem for the development of new foods. Gluten-free or very low-gluten labeling is an important factor in FMCG food marketing. An alternative to a gluten-free diet is the use of enzymatic hydrolysis to break down the immunogenic polypeptides of the gliadin and glutenin fractions. Gluten polypeptides that are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion can be hydrolyzed by prolyl endoproteases from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Sphingomonas capsulate and Myxococcus Xanthus, or enzyme preparations from Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus oryzae. In many studies, the ability of high-temperature short-term extrusion to modify molecular structure of gluten and its fractions and improve enzymatic access to the biopolymers is noted. A method for integrating biocatalysis and extrusion processes to reduce or neutralize the immunogenic effect of gluten epitopes and to obtain extruded ready-to-eat snacks is proposed. The process flow chart includes the use of extrusion as a pretreatment stage for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat and as a stage of thermal and shaping processing of extruded hydrolyzed wheat into ready-to-eat snacks.
Financial risks of sustainable development of small agricultural enterprises assessed to ensure national food security
Authors: Glushchenko A V , Slozhenkina M I , Samedova E N , Mosolova D A
Published: September 2020

Assessing, monitoring, and managing the financial risks of small agribusiness enterprises under conditions of economic crisis and sanctions is a complex problem. Despite a state support for agriculture, sustainable development of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in these periods is complicated by agro-economic risks in addition to growing risks of owner’s equity to mitigate the threats to solvency and financial stability, resulting in bankruptcy of small enterprises (SME). The state support mitigates these risks, but the risks do not decrease. Therefore, an important condition for stable and efficient functioning of small agricultural enterprises that considerably contribute to food security and self-sufficiency in Russia is monitoring risks of their financial security, which necessitates methodological approaches to their assessment at the micro level. Despite practical interest of agricultural producers in assessment tools and financial risk management strategies that have a key impact on their overall performance, there is a lack of scientific publications that represent new methods and algorithms for assessing financial risks in agriculture, suitable for practical use by small enterprises. The presented in the article procedure for integrated assessing the total financial risk of sustainable development of small agribusiness enterprises is based on identification and analysis of the risk components and is distinguished by a multifunctional nature and acceptable requirements.
Development of technology of choux pastry semi-finished product enriched with oyster mushroom powder
Authors: Sapozhnikov A N , Kopylova A V , Krainov S A , Kveglis I V
Published: September 2020

Bakery products are popular food product among Russian population. Despite of their high sensory characteristics, they are high-calorie products. For their enrichment with useful substances, the powder obtained from cultivated oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used as a non-conventional plant raw material. The paper presents the results of development of choux pastry semi-finished product decorated with craquelin dough, which are both enriched with oyster mushroom powder. The technological process of semi-finished products obtaining is developed, where the mushroom powder is introduced into semi-finished product formulations in the amount of 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% by weight of high-grade wheat flour. The optimal quantity of the powder introduced into craquelin dough is 2.5% from flour weight. The control and experimental samples were evaluated by sensory and physico-chemical characteristics, and their nutritional value was calculated. The research results showed that with the increase of oyster mushroom powder in choux pastry semi-finished products their sensory characteristics improve. Dry matter content increases by 0.8…4.8%, and ash content increases by 0.24…0.55%/. The calculation of samples’ nutritional value shows the increase of proteins, vitamins, and mineral substances content. Herewith, the contents of fats and carbohydrates decrease, which also decreases energy value of semi-finished products. Therefore, the optimal amount of oyster mushroom powder for introducing into semi-finished product formulation is 7.5% from flour weight. The developed semi-finished products are recommended for further practical implementation and technology improvement.
Soil-sedimentary sequences of lake depressions in the steppe zone of West Siberia (Russia)
Authors: Smolentseva Elena N , Gavrilov Denis A
Published: September 2020

Lakes are widely distributed in the steppe zone of West Siberia (Russia). These lakes experienced climate-related fluctuations of water levels and corresponding rhythmic changes in the lake basin landscapes throughout the Holocene. Location, structure and properties of soil-sedimentary sequences (SSS) were studied near the Lake Bolyshoi Bagan, where four SSS profiles were examined. The profiles were located on the lake beach ridges and were of different age. Two types of sediments were found in the SSS structure, namely lacustrine sand of the shore facia (top and middle layers) and subaerial-deluvial loam with gleyic properties (lower layers). The studied SSS showed abrupt textural shifts between sandy deposits and loamy layers. The top part of the younger SSS also contains aeolian layers. The loamy layer, as compared with the sandy one, had increased contents of carbonates and dissolved salts. The lowest soil in all SSS was identified as Protosalic Relictigleyic Solonetz (Loamic, Columnic, Ochric). The surface and buried soils in all SSS were ascribed to the Reference Soil Group of Arenosols. Heterochronicity of surface soils is recorded in the different soil organic carbon content. The studied SSS reflect the interaction of environmental factors in the steppe zone of West Siberia during the Holocene: water level fluctuation in lakes, alternating aeolian and lacustrine sedimentation, and succession of pedogenesis and sediment accumulation periods.
The influence of biodegradable polymer coated fertilizers on the agrochemical parameters of the soil
Authors: Bamatov Ibragim M , Bamatov Dzhabrail M
Published: September 2020

This research paper is about the coating processwith biopolymer (polyvynil alcohol) as a coat of different fertilizer granules (Azafoska16:16:16, potassium nitrate and magnesium nitrate as a core material) in presence of nitric acid. The biodegradable polymer layer provides uniform diffusion of minerals into the soil as the polyvinyl alcohol shell decays in the soil. Besides, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy – Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX - 3600) were carried out for the bio-modified fertilizers. The agrochemical changes of the soil in terms of macro – and microelements were also researched.
Assessment of the impact of new complex feed additives in the production of rabbit meat
Authors: Gorlov I F , Semenova I A , Knyazhechenko O A , Mosolov A A , Karpenko E V
Published: September 2020

Currently, there are a number of feed components that stimulate productivity, growth of animals and poultry. One of them is preparations of antioxidant action on the animal body, which have a positive effect on strengthening the immune system and increasing productivity. In this work, data are presented on the comparative effectiveness of feed additives of various nature: bioflavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids and protein-carbohydrate complexes in the diets of young rabbits. In the animals of the experimental groups that received bioactive substances as part of the diets, positive dynamics was observed in terms of growth as well as immune status. The greatest effect on the formation of the productive qualities of young rabbits was exerted by the using of the additives Dihydroquercetin + Glimalask, the synergistic effect of which was manifested in the activation of metabolic processes in the body of growing animals.
Public-private partnership as an instrument ensuring food security of penal institutions
Authors: Sedikh V , Tishchenko Y , Radchenko E , Pyrchenkova G
Published: September 2020

The article considers the results of a study of the problem of ensuring food security in the penal system. Economic and legal models for the implementation of public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) mechanisms in the field of food security of the penal system have been developed. The reasons of inefficient organization of the processes of production, storage and consumption of vegetables in the institutions of the penal system are analyzed. An algorithm has been worked out for implementing a partnership between the institution of the penitentiary system and a private producer in the provision of services for the organization of production of crops, livestock, poultry and ready-made food products. The distribution of the results of these joint economic activities has been examined. The process of forming the cost of production of crops, livestock, poultry and ready-made food products has been substantiated.
Jerusalem artichoke tubers for producing vegetable probiotic functional beverages with lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Plotnikova V E , Karetkin B A , Panfilov V I
Published: September 2020

The lactobacilli (L. plantarum, L. bulgaricus, L. salivarius, and L. rhamnosus) growth in water extracts of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (solvent ratio of 1:10) with solid particles was studied. The cultures were found to have great specific growth rates and high abundance (up to 10.3 log (CFU/ml)) for 6 hours. The adhesion of the cells to the tuber particles was revealed by a modified counting technique and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Lactobacilli were shown to be able to maintain the abundance required (not less than 7.5 log (CFU/ml)) at 2–6 °C for 28 days, which was presumably influenced by the adhesion of the cells to the tuber particles. The data obtained allowed claiming that water extracts of Jerusalem artichoke tubers are promising for production of probiotic functional beverages with lactic acid bacteria.
Development of low-calorie jelly for complex processing of dairy raw materials
Authors: Korotkova A A , Korotkova A A , Bozhkova S E , Pilipenko D N , Obrushnikova L F
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the relevance and features of using the “Bio-Tone” technology. The proposed technology provides a comprehensive waste-free processing of milk in a closed technological cycle, which has a scientifically proven and practically confirmed therapeutic and health-improving effect on the human body, surpassing the effect of traditional dairy products. Due to the use of complex carbohydrates in the recipe, saturation is felt longer, and due to the production technology, the protein fraction of the product is highly accessible to the human body. Pectin acts as a thickener for jelly, as well as a functional component – enterosorbent.
Practical and scientific basis for development of fermented bioproduct with dietary properties
Authors: Babich M A , Korotkova A A , Hramova V N , Slozhenkina M I , Bikus D S
Published: September 2020

Using vegetable raw materials in a fresh or processed form is of concern for food production sphere. A wide range of useful nutrients comprising fresh gourds crops, which grow in southern federal region, determines the prospects for their processing. The present article lists materials devoted to the issue of widening the range of functional properties of fermented products. The article substantiates the necessity processing fermented products which were enriched with indispensable nutrients using the innovative vegetable raw material. To this end a production technology for fermented bioproduct with addition of gourds concentrates was developed. Gourds crops’ pulp is rich in food fibers, antioxidants, vitamins and folic acid. However, owing to seasonal cultivation, it is relevant to concentrate gourds’ pulps favouring to moderate temperature conditions under vacuum. Researches were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Food Production Technology, Volgograd State Technical University. The material for studying was represented by biologically active additives “Euflorin-B” and “Euflorin-L”, yoghurt DVS-sourdough “Lactoferm ECO”, gourds pulps – watermelon’s, pumpkin’s, melon’s, – and also experimentally received samples of sour-milk clumps, concentrates and bioproduct. During the research, a selection of probiotic bacterial means was made. Technology of preparing the gourds concentrates was made and their nutrition value was assessed, including carbohydrate richness and measuring of sweetness. The recipe of innovative fermented bioproduct was optimized. The possibility of gourds processing was scientifically justified. It was also proved that gourds’ concentrate can be used to produce innovative fermented products for usual and dietary purposes.
Influence of plant-based additives on the biological value of sausage products
Authors: Gorlov I F , Lodianov V V , Baranikov V A , Gekhaev B N , Knyazhechenko O A , Struk E A
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of research aimed at developing a new product - a cooked sausage product with specified quality parameters: improved organoleptic properties, increased protein content and a balanced amino acid composition. The positive effect of sprouted wheat, maize germ and kelp in the recipes of sausage products was proved, so the iodine content in the experimental sample III was higher than in the other samples by 27% (15% of the daily requirement) for people.
Physiological and biochemical status of newborn piglets
Authors: Tkacheva E S , Medvedev I N
Published: September 2020

The flow rate in newborn piglets of all types of metabolism strongly determines the intensity of their growth and development. At the same time, many of their normative indicators in newborn piglets in the conditions of central Russia remain not fully understood. In piglets kept in Central Russia, during the neonatal period, the level of total protein rapidly increased due to an increase in the albumin and globulin fractions. This was accompanied by an increase in their blood urea, reflecting the intensification of protein metabolism. In piglets, an increase in glucose and triglyceride levels with a decrease in cholesterol concentration was noted in the blood during the first 5 days. During the neonatal period, the observed piglets showed an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. This was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of transaminases in their blood and the stability of the functional activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. The detected concentrations of the metabolites taken into account and the found activity of the registered enzymes can be considered as normative for newborn piglets kept in central Russia.