bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au-delà des économies d’énergie : le micro espion soviétique qui ne consommait pas
Authors: Hemour S. , Barbot N. , Collin F. , Lachaud J.-L. , Destor S. , Tomas J.
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente la mise en place de projets étudiants aux niveaux BUT et Master sur la thématique de la récupération d’informations par un microphone purement passif et uniquement alimenté par un signal radio. Un tel dispositif est inspiré par le micro espion soviétique découvert au sein de l’ambassade des Etats-Unis à Moscou dans les années 50. Il a été reproduit à l’identique ainsi que son écrin en bois sculpté. Il est aussi utilisé pour la vulgarisation scientifique
Caractérisation de la configuration RadioFréquence d’un Site Relais de Téléphonie mobile
Authors: Mariage P. , Halbwax M. , Picheta L.
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente un enseignement optionnel de niveau Bac+3 dont l’objectif est de faire découvrir les spécificités de l’électronique à haute fréquence nécessitant la compréhension des phénomènes de propagation. Le thème retenu est choisi dans le domaine bien visible de la téléphonie mobile puisque les étudiants disposent tous d’un smartphone connecté avec l’infrastructure de leur opérateur. Les étudiants concernés ont vocation à intégrer ensuite un Master Réseaux et Télécommunication qui comporte deux parcours. Un premier parcours forme les ingénieurs chargés de l’assemblage des constituants du réseau d’accès et le second parcours forme les ingénieurs capables de concevoir et caractériser ces constituants ou les objets mobiles communicants qui utiliseront les réseaux mobiles ou les technologies de communication sans fil ou sans contact.
Simulation TCAD, fabrication, caractérisation électrique et extraction des paramètres physiques du procédé MOS
Authors: Postel-Pellerin J. , Della Marca V. , Aguirre-Morales J.-D. , Bouchakour R. , Laffont R.
Published: July 2024

Dans le cadre du Cycle Ingénieurs de la Filière « Microélectronique et Télécommunications » de Polytech Marseille, différents enseignements sont directement articulés autour du procédé MOS proposé dans la salle blanche de l’Atelier Interuniversitaire de Micro-Nano Électronique (AIME, Pôle CNFM de Toulouse). En effet, les TP de physique des composants (3A) et les cours de technologie des composants (4A) portent sur la fabrication et la caractérisation électrique des dispositifs pour la microélectronique. Dans ce contexte nous avons fait une connexion directe avec les expériences dans la salle blanche de l’AIME pour préparer les élèves ingénieurs aux manipulations.
TD d’architecture matérielle : introduction aux architectures des microcontrôleurs
Authors: Werling L. , Dervieux E. , Madec M. , Uhring W.
Published: July 2024

Cet article décrit un TD d’introduction aux architectures des microcontrôleurs réalisé avec les étudiants de Télécom Physique Strasbourg en première année du cycle de formation ingénieur (BAC + 3) en spécialisation « Informatique et Réseaux ». Il vise à introduire les concepts fondamentaux de l’architecture des microcontrôleurs sur un exemple concret, en l’occurrence la réalisation d’un microcontrôleur élémentaire à l’aide du logiciel LOGISIM. Les travaux dirigés se déroulent sur 4 séances au cours desquelles les étudiants mettent en œuvre un microcontrôleur 6 bits qu’ils devront ensuite programmer en assembleur.
The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata shifts primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats in simulated shallow lake systems
Authors: Wang Lingwei , Ren Lijuan , Gao Baoyan , Jeppesen Erik , Rudstam Lars G. , Karpowicz Maciej , Feniova Irina , Liu Zhengwen , Tang Yali , Zhang Xiufeng
Published: July 2024

Biological invasions are among the most serious threats to ecosystems. The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) is considered one of the top 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. These snails consume benthic primary producers, including submerged macrophytes, which may lead to an increase in nutrient concentration in the water, enhance growth of phytoplankton, and decrease growth of macrophytes, thereby shifting the primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats in shallow systems. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a short-term experiment with and without the invasive P. canaliculata in mesocosms with high abundance of the native submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. Compared with snail-free control, the snail increased the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N), total and organic suspended solids (TSS and OSS), decreased the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), but had no effect on total phosphorus (TP) and the TN:TP ratio. In addition, the snails decreased the biomass, leaf length and tiller number of V. natans, and decreased light intensity. Although snail presence did not change the biomasses of nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton, it did increase the biomass of microphytoplankton leading to an increase in total phytoplankton biomass. Our study shows that P. canaliculata shifted primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats, altered the phytoplankton community size structure, and decreased water quality. The results add further evidence of negative ecosystem impacts of this invasive apple snail and call for its control in invaded shallow lake ecosystems.
La teigne chez le chien et le chat :
démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique
Authors: Guillot Jacques , Soetart Nicolas , Dolores-Sanchez Maria , Emmanuel Bensignor
Published: July 2024

Chez le chien comme chez le chat, la teigne demeure une affection fréquente qui fait partie du diagnostic différentiel de nombreuses dermatoses.

Le recours aux examens complémentaires est requis.

L’examen du pelage à l’aide de la lampe de Wood est une première étape.

L’examen microscopique d’un raclage cutané permet de détecter des poils infectés avec des arthrospores à leur surface.

La mise en culture demeure l’examen complémentaire de référence. La culture rend possible l’identification précise de l’espèce de dermatophyte.

Des tests PCR sont également disponibles.

La mise en place d’un traitement antifongique est indispensable pour obtenir une guérison clinique plus rapide et pour limiter la dissémination des spores fongiques.

Il est recommandé :

- d’associer le traitement topique et le traitement systémique ;
- de prolonger le traitement pendant plusieurs semaines ;
- de séparer les animaux infectés des animaux indemnes. Les dermatophytes sont transmis par des spores microscopiques formées par la fragmentation des filaments fongiques présents sur la peau et dans les poils parasités. La présence de ces spores dans l’environnement assure la contamination de nouveaux animaux et augmente le risque de recontamination de l’animal initialement atteint ce qui peut prolonger la durée de traitement.

Pour réduire la contamination de l’environnement, il est conseillé de passer régulièrement l’aspirateur et d’utiliser des substances biocides actives vis-à-vis des arthrospores de dermatophytes.
Comment s’équiper pour effectuer des soins en zone sensible
Authors: Ravachol Claire , Pouzot-Nevoret Céline
Published: July 2024

Chaque zone d’activité possède des consignes d’équipement spécifiques. En effet, les zones sensibles comme le bloc opératoire, la zone réservée aux animaux contagieux ou la salle d’autopsie, par leurs activités particulières ou l’état clinique des animaux pris en charge, requièrent un équipement spécifique adapté.

Cela permet de pouvoir mettre en sécurité le praticien, l’animal ainsi que ses congénères.
Il est important de dissocier chaque zone sensible afin de pouvoir s’équiper correctement et assurer ainsi l’hygiène et la sécurité de tous.
Hépatite de Rubarth et CIVD chez un chiot
Authors: Pélisse-Jamet Claude
Published: July 2024

L’hépatite de Rubarth est une maladie rare. Ce cas clinique illustre parfaitement le déroulement d’une maladie aiguë chez un animal non immunisé.

Après un premier pic d’hyperthermie résolu en 48 h (phase d’invasion), le chiot de 4 mois a présenté une hépatite aiguë compliquée d’une CIVD (phase de localisation), suivie quelques jours plus tard par l’apparition d’une kératite bleue unilatérale.

Les premières cibles du virus sont le foie, les yeux et les reins.

L’évolution de la maladie est intimement liée au statut immunitaire de l’animal et va de la mort subite ou de l’hépatite aiguë lors d’immunité absente, à la maladie bénigne lors d’immunité forte, en passant par le développement d’une maladie chronique par dépôt d’immuns complexes lors d’immunité intermédiaire.

L‘excrétion urinaire chez les animaux atteints peut durer jusqu’à un an et le virus résiste plusieurs mois dans le milieu extérieur.

La vaccination fait appel à un virus vivant atténué CAV 2 différent du virus sauvage CAV1 qui garde un pouvoir pathogène avec un risque de lésions rénales et d’excrétion urinaire du virus.

L’importation de chiot vaccinés très jeunes, alors que leur immunité maternelle est encore importante, pourrait être à l’origine de plusieurs foyers dans divers élevages et refuges.

Ce cas clinique et ces épisodes montrent bien que la vaccination contre la maladie de Rubarth est toujours d’actualité et que cette maladie que l’on croyait disparue, n’a peut-être pas fini de faire parler d’elle.
Influence du moment de l'insémination artificielle de 117 chiennes sur le taux de gestation, sur la prolificité et la durée de gestation
Authors: Tainturier Daniel , Planchais Marion , Brand Lamia , Michaud Sandrine , Topie Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

Au moment des chaleurs, le suivi de 117 chiennes est effectué par dosages, tous les 2 jours, de la progestéronémie de façon à déterminer le moment de l'ovulation qui commence à 8 ng/ml pour les inséminer 2 fois à 48 heures d'intervalle. Parfois, cette recherche est commencée trop tardivement et le taux de progestérone peut atteindre des valeurs très élevées ; le problème est alors de savoir s'il est encore temps d’inséminer les chiennes.

Les chiennes de l’étude ont été divisées en trois lots, en fonction de leur taux de progestérone au moment de leur première insémination artificielle intra-vaginale : 8 à 20 ng/ml, 20 à 40ng/ml et > 40 ng/ml.

Dans le lot 1, 70 p. cent des chiennes étaient gestantes contre 73 p. cent dans le lot 2 et 50 p. cent dans le lot 3.

Dans le lot 2, la taille de la portée était plus élevée d'environ deux chiots dans les races autres que Bulldog anglais.

La durée moyenne de la gestation (première insémination-mise bas) a été plus longue dans le lot 1 (63,15 jours) par rapport au lot 2 (61,63 jours) et au lot 3 (60,62 jours).
Evaluation of barium sulfate-copper breast radiation shield for use in thoracic computed tomography examinations
Authors: Poursoltani F. , Behmadi M. , Keshtkar M. , Ghorbani M. , Paknazar F. , Hejazi P.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In thoracic computed tomography (CT) examinations, patients’ breasts are exposed to high radiation doses, necessitating the reduction of received dose by a radiation shield. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a new composition of barium sulfate-copper shield with minimal impact on image quality. Materials and methods: Different breast shields were manufactured using varying weight percentages of copper and BaSO4. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and thorax phantoms were employed to assess the radiation shielding effectiveness. Image quality, in terms of noise and CT number accuracy, was quantitatively evaluated on a CT dose Index phantom (CTDI). Additionally, a controlled trial involving with 30 female participants was conducted to further assess CT image quality and select the best breast radiation shield. Results: The results indicated that the different shield compositions reduced the surface dose by 14.17–51.69%. The shield with a composition of 90% Cu–10% BaSO4 and 50% Cu–50% BaSO4 had the lowest noise, while the 100% bismuth shield had the highest noise. Importantly, the 50% Cu–50% BaSO4 shield did not cause artifacts in the thoracic CT images. Conclusion: By using the 50% Cu–50% BaSO4 shield, a significant dose reduction was achieved while maintaining appropriate image quality, making it suitable for clinical applications.
Natural radioactivity and radiological hazards assessment in soil samples of Hassan district, Karnataka State, India
Authors: Srinivasa E. , Rangaswamy D.R. , Suresh S.
Published: July 2024

The distribution of natural radionuclides in soil samples was carried out in and around Hassan district, Karnataka, India, by using a Hyper Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, and the portable GM survey meter ER-709 used to measure the natural ambient gamma dose rate. The activity concentration of radionuclides such as 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples of the study area varies from 16 ± 1 to 72 ± 2, 13 ± 1 to 64 ± 2, 19 ± 1 to 185 ± 2, and 197 ± 9 to 1214 ± 22 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 42 ± 2, 39 ± 1, 58 ± 2, and 592 ± 15 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radiological hazards such as the radium equivalent activities (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), gamma index (Iγ), gamma absorbed dose, and annual effective dose associated with the natural radioactivity in soil samples were calculated and compared with global average values.
Neunormierung der deutschen Kurzform der Resilienzskala
(RS-13)
Authors: Rosendahl Jenny , Ebmeyer Karolin , Strauß Bernhard , Engert Veronika
Published: July 2024

Ziel der Studie Im Rahmen einer deutschlandweiten Repräsentativbefragung
wurden die Normwerte für die deutsche Kurzversion der Resilienzskala RS-13
aktualisiert und mit den Daten einer vorangegangenen Repräsentativbefragung aus
dem Jahr 2001 verglichen.

Methodik Durch das sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsinstitut USUMA GmbH
wurden 2021 über eine repräsentative Zufallsauswahl Personen zwischen 16 und 95
Jahren (N=2.505) akquiriert und telefonisch befragt. Es erfolgte ein Vergleich
mit im Jahr 2001 erhobenen Repräsentativdaten (N=2.045) sowie eine Prüfung des
Einflusses demografischer Variablen auf die Resilienzausprägung.

Ergebnisse Die RS-13 wies eine interne Konsistenz von α=0,92 auf. Es
wurden aktuelle Normdaten der RS-13, differenziert nach Geschlecht und Alter,
generiert. Diese Daten sind in einem Online-Tool zur normorientierten
Interpretation individueller Resilienzwerte abrufbar
(http://rs13.shinyapps.io/RS13). In der aktuellen Stichprobe von 2021 lag die
mittlere Resilienz signifikant höher als 2001 (d=0,28, 95% KI [0,22–0,34]).
Alter stand in einem signifikant negativen, Bildungsabschluss und
Haushaltsnettoeinkommen in einem signifikant positiven Zusammenhang mit
Resilienz.

Diskussion Die RS-13 weist gute psychometrische Eigenschaften auf. Eine
Neunormierung der RS-13 ist aufgrund der signifikant höheren Werte im Jahr 2021
im Vergleich zu 2001 gerechtfertigt. Die Bereitstellung von Normwerten erlaubt
den Vergleich von in künftigen Studien generierten Daten mit denen der deutschen
Allgemeinbevölkerung. Darüber hinaus kann das Online-Tool für die
normorientierte Interpretation individueller Resilienzausprägungen im Rahmen
diagnostischer Prozeduren genutzt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Mit der RS-13 liegt ein reliables, valides und
ökonomisches Messinstrument vor, um Resilienz im theoretischen Verständnis eines
stabilen Persönlichkeitsmerkmals zu erfassen. Künftige Studien zur Untersuchung
von Resilienz sollten Alter, Bildung und Einkommen als relevante
Einflussvariablen berücksichtigen.
Valsalva- und Müller-Manöver: Wer ist wer und was ist was?
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Hildebrandt Olaf , Hildebrandt Wulf , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike , von Wichert Peter , Podszus Thomas
Published: July 2024

Das Valsalva-Manöver (VM) wurde nach dem italienischen Anatomen, Arzt und Chirurgen Antonio Maria Valsalva benannt (1666–1723). Beim VM wird versucht gegen einen Verschluss der oberen Atemwege kräftig auszuatmen. Originär hat Valsalva dieses Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Luftdurchgängigkeit der Eustachischen Röhre sowie zur Entfernung von Eiter/Flüssigkeit aus dem Mittelohr angewendet. Das VM führt zu einem erhöhten Druck intrathorakal und -abdominal und beeinträchtigt damit auch die kardiovaskuläre Hämodynamik. Der deutsche Physiologe Eduard Friedrich Weber hat das VM erstmalig im Sinne eines Tests zur kardiovaskulären Funktion beschrieben. Das Müller-Manöver (MM) kann als funktionelle Umkehr des Valsalva-Manövers verstanden werden. Es besteht aus einer forcierten inspiratorischen Atemanstrengung gegen den obstruierten oberen Atemweg und führt zu erhöhten negativen intrathorakalen und -abdominalen Drucken mit Effekten auf Herz und Kreislaufsystem. Das MM wird genutzt zur Simulation hämodynamischer Effekte bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe. Benannt ist es nach dem deutschen Physiologen Johannes Müller (1801–1858).
Diagnostic Imaging Performance of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Compared with Conventional Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Uterine Cervical Cancer
Authors: Shibuki Saki , Saida Tsukasa , Mori Kensaku , Ishiguro Toshitaka , Amano Taishi , Yoshida Miki , Miyata Mariko , Satoh Toyomi , Nakajima Takahito
Published: July 2024

Objective This article evaluates the ability of low-energy (40 keV) virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) in the local diagnosis of cervical cancer compared with that of conventional computed tomography (C-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using clinicopathologic staging as a reference.

Methods This prospective study included 33 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer who underwent dual-energy CT and MRI between 2021 and 2022. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the tumor-to-myometrium was compared between C-CT and VMI. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each local diagnostic parameter were compared between C-CT, VMI, and MRI. Interradiologist agreement was also assessed.

Results The mean CNR was significantly higher on VMI (p = 0.002). No significant difference in AUC was found between C-CT and VMI for all local diagnostic parameters, and the specificity of VMI was often significantly less than that of MRI. For parametrial invasion, mean sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for C-CT, VMI, and MRI were 0.81, 0.99, 0.93; 0.64, 0.35, 0.79; and 0.73, 0.67, 0.86, respectively, and MRI had significantly higher specificity and AUC than that of VMI (p = 0.013 and 0.008, respectively). Interradiologist agreement was higher for VMI than C-CT and for MRI than VMI.

Conclusion The CNR of VMI was significantly higher than C-CT and interradiologist agreement was better than with C-CT; however, the overall diagnostic performance of VMI did not significantly differ from C-CT and was inferior to MRI. VMI was characterized by low specificity, which should be understood and used for reading.
The Pathologist's Role in the Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Erbersdobler Andreas
Published: July 2024

Introduction The possibilities, recent advances, and pitfalls in the histopathologic workup of specimens submitted for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) are presented.

Materials and Methods A literature research was performed in the database PubMed including the years 2000 to 2024.

Results The pathologist is involved in the diagnosis of HSCR in three scenarios: (1) the primary diagnosis in a child with the typical clinical symptoms, (2) the intra-operative guidance of surgery in a case where the diagnosis is already established, and (3) the confirmation of the diagnosis and the documentation of the extent of the disease in the resected specimen. Identification of ganglion cells in the enteric neural plexuses excludes HSCR, and the histological confirmation of a complete absence of these ganglion cells is the gold standard for its diagnosis. However, difficulties in the detection of ganglion cells with standard stains and/or a limited amount of tissue in the specimen submitted for diagnosis make supportive histologic stains and techniques, e.g., calretinin immunohistochemistry or acetylcholinesterase histochemistry necessary for an unequivocal diagnosis of HSCR.

Conclusions Improving the diagnostic accuracy of this life-threating disease is an interdisciplinary task. A good communication between pathologist and clinician, as well as mutual knowledge of skills and challenges of the other discipline, is necessary for a successful diagnostic teamwork.
Mechanical modeling of friction phenomena in social systems based on friction force
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Chen Hong , Long Ruyin , Gu Xiao
Published: July 2024

Friction is not an inherent attribute in natural science. Indeed, there are various friction phenomena present in social systems. In this study, the researchers developed the general concept of social friction and distinguished the two-dimensional structure of explicit-implicit social friction phenomena. Specifically, explicit friction includes institutional friction, economic friction, behavioral friction, and migration friction. Implicit friction includes cultural friction, cognitive friction, interpersonal friction, technological friction, and information friction. Physical theories such as friction force, classical mechanics, and functional principles have been introduced to construct a social friction force model. This paper describes the emergence and evolution of social friction phenomena from the mechanics perspective and clarifies the various characteristics of social friction force in different areas. This study also provides a new theoretical perspective for examining social friction phenomena and adds innovative content to intersection studies in physics and the social sciences.
Human behavior in the context of low-probability high-impact events
Authors: Sundh Joakim
Published: July 2024

Events with very low a-priori probability but very high impact shape our lives to a significant degree, on an individual as well as a global level. Unfortunately, people have difficulties understanding and processing the prospects of such events, leading to idiosyncratic behavior. In this article I summarize the main findings regarding human behavior in the context of low-probability high-impact events and identify the main sources of bias and other idiosyncrasies, specifically: [1] ignorance of critical events due to biased information search, [2] a false sense of security due to reinforcement learning and reliance on small samples, [3] biased evaluation of likelihood due to mental availability and affective content, and [4] inaccurate interpretation of risks due to the format by which they are communicated. I further suggest ways to mitigate these problems and areas where additional research is needed. Lastly, I emphasize that, in order to create useful interventions, more research on the interplay and the dynamics of effects, as well as more research based on practical rather than laboratory contexts, is needed.
High dynamic-range and portable magnetometer using ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Dasika Shishir , Mangat Maheshwar , Tallur Siddharth , Saha Kasturi
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have been explored for a wide range of sensing applications in the last decade due to their unique quantum properties. In this work, we report a compact and portable magnetometer with an ensemble of NV centers, which we call the Quantum MagPI (Quantum Magnetometer with Proportional Integral control). Our fully integrated compact sensor assembly and control electronics fit inside a 10 × 10 × 7 cm3 box and a 30 × 25 × 5 cm3 rack-mountable box, respectively. We achieve a bandwidth normalized sensitivity of ∼10 nT/Hz. Using closed-loop feedback for locking to the resonance frequency, we extend the linear dynamic range to 200 μT (20× improvement compared to the intrinsic dynamic range) without compromising the sensitivity. We report a detailed performance analysis of the magnetometer through measurements of noise spectra, Allan deviation, and tracking of nT-level magnetic fields in real-time. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of such a magnetometer by real-time tracking of the movement of an elevator car and door opening events by measuring the projection of the magnetic field along one of the NV-axes under ambient temperature and humidity conditions.
Vibrational resonance in an asymmetric system modeled by an electronic circuit: Effect of the buffers
Authors: Djolieu Funaye M. , Djuidjé Kenmoé Germaine
Published: July 2024

Vibrational resonance (VR) has been extensively studied in symmetric circuits, but research on this phenomenon in asymmetric electronic circuits is understudied. The current study aims to model a novel asymmetric electronic circuit and investigate the occurrence of VR in the circuit. This oscillator shows changes according to four control parameters, with the aid of two buffers. The amplification of signals in electronic circuits gives interesting results, vibrational resonance is one of the phenomena which is based on the amplification of signals. In this study, the asymmetric strength caused by the potentiometers and the frequencies influence are the major aims explored. Interestingly, the circuit shows different types of behaviors that are pointed out through waveform profiles, bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent, and the phase portraits. The dynamic of the system is studied theoretically, numerically and by Pspice Simulation. The Pspice estimates match with numerical simulations. We use the response Q(ω) method, based on the sine and cosine of the Fourier component to study VR. Our discovery suggests that the asymmetric parameter and the amplitude of the high frequency, both affect the occurrence of vibrational resonance.
Analysis of norepinephrine-regulated cerebral lymphatic drainage by the second near-infrared region in vivo imaging
Authors: Li Xi , Yang Tianhao , Zhang Zhongyang , Wu Shengnan , Yuan Zhen , Zhou Feifan
Published: July 2024

The cerebral lymphatic drainage plays an important role in the occurrence and development of central nervous system diseases. Recent studies have shown that cerebral lymphatic drainage is regulated by circadian rhythm and anesthesia state; however, the regulating mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we used the second near-infrared region in vivo imaging to explore the regulation of cerebral lymphatic drainage in mice at different states. At first, by injection of a tracer at different times, we confirmed that the drainage of the meningeal lymphatic system was the fastest at zeitgeber time 2, while the internal flow of the glymphatic system was the slowest. Under anesthesia with isoflurane, administration of dexmedetomidine, an anesthetic that inhibits norepinephrine (NE) release, enabled mice to enter the stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep, at which time the influx of the glymphatic system increased, the efflux of the meningeal lymphatic system decreased, and the clearance rate of the brain parenchyma decreased. However, following the exogenous NE supplement, mice quickly changed from a non-rapid eye movement stage into an awake state with the meningeal lymphatic drainage retrieval. The results showed whether the drainage of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels, or parenchymal clearance, has made rapid adjustments based on sleep status that is regulated by NE. This study reveals that the NE-regulated sleep–wake cycle is a powerful regulator of cerebral lymphatic drainage and provides a potential therapeutic target for related central nervous system diseases.
Impact of community structure on the spread of epidemics on time-varying multiplex networks
Authors: Feng Meiling , Zhang Shuofan , Xia Chengyi , Zhao Dawei
Published: July 2024

Community structure plays a crucial role in realistic networks and different communities can be created by groups of interest and activity events, and exploring the impact of community properties on collective dynamics is an active topic in the field of network science. Here, we propose a new coupled model with different time scales for online social networks and offline epidemic spreading networks, in which community structure is added into online social networks to investigate its role in the interacting dynamics between information diffusion and epidemic spreading. We obtain the analytical equations of epidemic threshold by MMC (Microscopic Markov Chain) method and conduct a large quantities of numerical simulations using Monte Carlo simulations in order to verify the accuracy of the MMC method, and more valuable insights are also obtained. The results indicate that an increase in the probability of the mobility of an individual can delay the spread of epidemic-related information in the network, as well as delaying the time of the peak of the infection density in the network. However, an increase in the contact ability of mobile individuals produces a facilitating effect on the spread of epidemics. Finally, it is also found that the stronger the acceptance of an individual to information coming from a different community, the lower the infection density in the network, which suggests that it has an inhibitory effect on the disease spreading.
Frequency lock-in mechanism in the presence of blockage effects
Authors: Pan Tianyu , Li Teng , Li Chenghao , Yan Zhaoqi , Li Qiushi
Published: July 2024

This study reveals the blockage effects on vortex shedding, the lock-in mechanism of a forced oscillating cylinder, and the coupling effects of blockage and oscillation. The wind tunnel experiments and large eddy simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 2000, encompassing a range of blockage ratios from 0.15 to 0.5. The cylinder is subjected to forced harmonic oscillations in a direction perpendicular to the incoming flow to investigate the frequency lock-in mechanism. The research findings demonstrate that both blockage and forced vibration significantly influence the dynamics of vortex shedding by altering the development of the shear layer instability (SLI). For a fixed cylinder, high blockage effectively suppresses the growth of transverse disturbances, promoting a stable maintenance of the shear layer (SL). In high blockage, the flow deceleration induces the separation of the boundary layer from the sidewalls and the subsequent constriction of the mainstream toward the channel centerline, consequently leading to an increase in the Strouhal number. For the case of a fixed blockage ratio, forced vibration alters the flow supplement in the near-SL region. During the unlocked phase, a significant occurrence of backflow is observed near the SL, which promotes the development of SLI. However, proper vibration induces the transverse flow supplement in the near-SL region, which balance the amount carried away by mainstream, thereby suppressing the backflow. The coupling effects of blockage and vibration are evident in the shift of the lock-in region and the triggering of hysteresis, both of which are explained by the proposed mechanisms of blockage and lock-in.
Acoustic cloister
Authors: Liang Xiao , Meng Daxiang , Yang Zhen , Chu Jiaming , Liang Haofeng , Zhang Zhi , Luo Jiangxia , Zhou Zhuo
Published: July 2024

Acoustic black hole (ABH) structures are widely used for vibration and acoustic waves control due to their ability to guide the zero reflection of elastic waves and the concentration of wave energy. However, ABH can hardly suppress the ultra-low-frequency waves. We propose the acoustic cloister to break the low-frequency limit of the cutoff frequency and realize the perfect ABH effect while suppressing the ultra-low frequency waves. Thus, the waves can be localized within this structure and realize the ultra-low frequency ultra-broadband bandgap. We theoretically elaborate the bandgap mechanism of the acoustic cloister and demonstrate the good robustness of the acoustic cloister, which is beneficial for generating stable ultra-low frequency nonlinear bandgaps. Nonlinear buckling theory has been applied to explain the ultra-low frequency nonlinear bandgaps of 3–22 and 24–28 Hz that appear in the experiments, which reduces the wave transmission by 20–40 dB, and it has been demonstrated that the bending stresses appeared in the experiments can generate and greatly extend ultra-low frequency bandgaps. In torsional excitation experiments, the acoustic cloister structure attenuates wave transmission in the 3–100 Hz range by 10–80 dB. Our work makes a significant contribution to advances in vibration and acoustic wave control.
Simulation of chiral motion of excitation within the ground-state manifolds of neutral atoms
Authors: Tang Hao-Yuan , Li Xiao-Xuan , You Jia-Bin , Shao Xiao-Qiang
Published: July 2024

Laser-induced gauge fields in neutral atoms serve as a means of mimicking the effects of a magnetic field, providing researchers with a platform to explore behaviors analogous to those observed in condensed matter systems under real magnetic fields. Here, we propose a method to generate chiral motion in atomic excitations within the neutral atomic ground-state manifolds. This is achieved through the application of polychromatic driving fields coupled to the ground–Rydberg transition, along with unconventional Rydberg pumping. The scheme offers the advantage of arbitrary adjustment of the effective magnetic flux by setting the relative phases between different external laser fields. In addition, the effective interaction strength between the atomic ground states can be maintained at 10 kHz, surpassing the capabilities of the previous approach utilizing Floquet modulation. Notably, the proposed method can be readily extended to implement a hexagonal neutral atom lattice, serving as the fundamental unit in realizing the Haldane model.
Over 2 GW/cm2 low-conduction loss Ga2O3 vertical SBD with self-aligned field plate and mesa termination
Authors: Xu Xiaorui , Deng Yicong , Li Titao , Chen Duanyang , Wang Fangzhou , Yu Cheng , Qi Hongji , Wang Yang , Zhang Haizhong , Lu Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2024

In this Letter, a Ga2O3 vertical Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with self-aligned field plate and mesa termination is fabricated and studied. The combination of field plate and mesa termination can effectively make the electric field distribution uniform in the termination, and thus the proposed SBD features high breakdown voltage (BV). Moreover, to eliminate alignment deviation and simplify the fabrication process, a self-aligned etching process is developed. The experimental results show that a low specific on-resistance of 4.405 mΩ·cm2 and a high BV of 3113 V can be simultaneously derived on the proposed SBD, yielding a high power figure of merit of 2.2 GW/cm2. Meanwhile, a considerably low forward voltage of 1.53 V at 100 A/cm2 is also achieved, demonstrating the low conduction loss of the device.
Coherent control from quantum commitment probabilities
Authors: Anderson Michelle C. , Dodin Amro , Fay Thomas P. , Limmer David T.
Published: July 2024

We introduce a general definition of a quantum committor in order to clarify reaction mechanisms and facilitate control in processes where coherent effects are important. With a quantum committor, we generalize the notion of a transition state to quantum superpositions and quantify the effect of interference on the progress of the reaction. The formalism is applicable to any linear quantum master equation supporting metastability for which absorbing boundary conditions designating the reactant and product states can be applied. We use this formalism to determine the dependence of the quantum transition state on coherences in a polaritonic system and optimize the initialization state of a conical intersection model to control reactive outcomes, achieving yields of the desired state approaching 100%. In addition to providing a practical tool, the quantum committor provides a conceptual framework for understanding reactions in cases when classical intuitions fail.
Plasma surface alloyed Ta diffusion layer and Ta coating on Ti6Al4V alloy: Mechanical and wear properties
Authors: Zheng Xin , Zheng Ke , Jia Wenru , Qu Shuaiwu , Yu Shengwang , Zhou Bing , Chang Jiannan , Ma Yong , Gao Jie
Published: July 2024

In this study, a pure Ta diffusion layer and Ta deposition coating were diffused and deposited on the Ti6Al4V substrate by the double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The surface morphology, cross-sectional element distribution, and phases were characterized by SEM, energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), and XRD. Both the mechanical properties and the wear resistance were investigated through the nanoindentation test and reciprocating friction-wear test. In addition, wear simulation was also examined. Ta deposition coating showed a denser and typical cauliflower structure. The Ta diffusion layer, however, exhibited two distinct types of structure: cellular grains and a kind of structure, aggregated and white, with a greater concentration of the Ta element. The cross-sectional morphology and the EDS result showed that a metallurgical bonding was developed between the coating and substrate. In addition, based on the result of nanoindentation, the Ta diffusion layer had higher hardness, elastic modulus, and initial yield strength than that of Ta deposition coating. However, the reciprocating friction-wear result revealed that the Ta deposition coating displayed better wear resistance compared with the Ta diffusion layer due to the thin thickness and inhomogeneous Ta element concentration. The wear simulation result revealed that the stable highest contact temperature is 103.7 °C by nonlinear curve fitting, and the Ta diffusion layer showed the highest equivalent stress.
Optimization of the gas system for gas–water combined atomization technique in FeSiBC amorphous powder production
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Li Bo , Wang Pu , Lv Yuanbin , Wang Chengfei , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: July 2024

The gas–water combined atomization is an advanced technology for Fe-based amorphous powder preparation, and its gas/water system parameters have significant impacts on powder properties. In this study, numerical simulations and industrial trials were combined to optimize the gas atomization parameters. The results showed that increasing the atomization pressure promotes the transition of the flow field to the closed wake. Moreover, the median particle size was significantly refined and the cooling rate was improved. Extending the extrusion length facilitated the decrease in suction pressure, while excessively long extrusion lengths led to instability in the atomization process. The decrease in delivery tube diameter enhances droplet breakup and cooling, but increases the risk of clogging. Industrial trials at different atomization pressures showed that low atomization pressure led to the formation of needle-shaped powder, and the FeSiBC amorphous powder prepared at 3.0 MPa exhibited optimal comprehensive properties, with saturation magnetization of 166.1 emu·g−1 and coercivity of 4.5 Oe.
The impact of dynamic linking on cooperation on complex networks
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqian , Hu Kaipeng , Tao Yewei , Jin Libin , Shi Lei
Published: July 2024

In complex social systems, individual relationships and the surrounding environment are constantly changing, allowing individuals to interact on dynamic networks. This study aims to investigate how individuals in a dynamic network engaged in a prisoner’s dilemma game adapt their competitive environment through random edge breaks and reconnections when faced with incomplete information and adverse local conditions, thereby influencing the evolution of cooperative behavior. We find that random edge breaks and reconnections in dynamic networks can disrupt cooperative clusters, significantly hindering the development of cooperation. This negative impact becomes more pronounced over larger time scales. However, we also observe that nodes with higher degrees of connectivity exhibit greater resilience to this cooperation disruption. Our research reveals the profound impact of dynamic network structures on the evolution of cooperation and provides new insights into the mechanisms of cooperation in complex systems.
Antarctic ice shelves are prone to slush
Authors: Grant Andrew
Published: July 2024

A new analysis suggests that researchers have been underestimating the amount of meltwater sitting atop Antarctica’s floating glacial ice.
Antigen-specific age-related memory CD8 T cells induce and track Alzheimer’s-like neurodegeneration
Authors: Panwar Akanksha , Rentsendorj Altan , Jhun Michelle , Cohen Robert M. , Cordner Ryan , Gull Nicole , Pechnick Robert N. , Duvall Gretchen , Mardiros Armen , Golchian David , Schubloom Hannah , Jin Lee-Way , Van Dam Debby , Vermeiren Yannick , De Reu Hans , De Deyn Peter Paul , Raskatov Jevgenij A. , Black Keith L. , Irvin Dwain K. , Williams Brian A. , Wheeler Christopher J.
Published: July 2024

Cerebral (Aβ) plaque and (pTau) tangle deposition are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet are insufficient to confer complete AD-like neurodegeneration experimentally. Factors acting upstream of Aβ/pTau in AD remain unknown, but their identification could enable earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments. T cell abnormalities are emerging AD hallmarks, and CD8 T cells were recently found to mediate neurodegeneration downstream of tangle deposition in hereditary neurodegeneration models. The precise impact of T cells downstream of Aβ/pTau, however, appears to vary depending on the animal model. Our prior work suggested that antigen-specific memory CD8 T (“
hi
T”) cells act upstream of Aβ/pTau after brain injury. Here, we examine whether
hi
T cells influence sporadic AD-like pathophysiology upstream of Aβ/pTau. Examining neuropathology, gene expression, and behavior in our
hi
T mouse model we show that CD8 T cells induce plaque and tangle-like deposition, modulate AD-related genes, and ultimately result in progressive neurodegeneration with both gross and fine features of sporadic human AD. T cells required Perforin to initiate this pathophysiology, and IFNγ for most gene expression changes and progression to more widespread neurodegenerative disease. Analogous antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells were significantly elevated in the brains of human AD patients, and their loss from blood corresponded to sporadic AD and related cognitive decline better than plasma pTau-217, a promising AD biomarker candidate. We identify an age-related factor acting upstream of Aβ/pTau to initiate AD-like pathophysiology, the mechanisms promoting its pathogenicity, and its relevance to human sporadic AD.
Mathematical modeling of intracellular osmolarity and cell volume stabilization: The Donnan effect and ion transport
Authors: Aminzare Zahra , Kay Alan R.
Published: July 2024

The presence of impermeant molecules within a cell can lead to an increase in cell volume through the influx of water driven by osmosis. This phenomenon is known as the Donnan (or Gibbs–Donnan) effect. Animal cells actively transport ions to counteract the Donnan effect and regulate their volume, actively pumping Na+ out and K+ into their cytosol using the Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) pump. The pump-leak equations (PLEs) are a system of algebraic-differential equations to model the membrane potential, ion (Na+, K+, and Cl−), and water flux across the cell membrane, which provide insight into how the combination of passive ions fluxes and active transport contribute to stabilizing cell volume. Our broad objective is to provide analytical insight into the PLEs through three lines of investigation: (1) we show that the provision of impermeant extracellular molecules can stabilize the volume of a passive cell; (2) we demonstrate that the mathematical form of the NKA pump is not as important as the stoichiometry for cell stabilization; and (3) we investigate the interaction between the NKA pump and cation–chloride co-transporters (CCCs) on cell stabilization, showing that NCC can destabilize a cell while NKCC and KCC can stabilize it. We incorporate extracellular impermeant molecules, NKA pump, and CCCs into the PLEs and derive the exact formula for the steady states in terms of all the parameters. This analytical expression enables us to easily explore the effect of each of the system parameters on the existence and stability of the steady states.
Enhanced electrical insulation properties of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline grafted polypropylene for high voltage direct current power cables
Authors: Yuan Chao , Jiang Bingxu , Zhu Yujie , Zeng Tan , Liu Dongduan , Tang Chengxu , Li Qiao , Li Qi , He Jinliang
Published: July 2024

Polymers have been extensively used for high voltage direct current transmission systems as insulation power cables. Space charge accumulation consistently remains the primary factor contributing to the degradation of the electrical insulation properties of polymers. Grafting modification is a valid approach for suppressing the injection of space charges and free electrons by inducing deep traps. In this paper, the modified polypropylene grafted the group with low ionization energy is reported. The deep traps are revealed by the thermally stimulated depolarization current experiment and the band structure as well as the electrostatic potential by density functional theory simulation. The method with the innovative hybrid functional and basis set is adopted to establish the average local ionization distribution of the grafting group, thus confirming its strong electrophilicity. Furthermore, the modified polypropylene has been proved to obtain higher breakdown strength and operational stability by experiments. This work can provide insights for the design and selection of power cables with excellent electrical insulation properties.
A perspective on manganese-based flow batteries
Authors: Wang Xinan , Ding Mei , Jia Chuankun
Published: July 2024

Manganese (Mn), possessing ample reserves on the earth, exhibits various oxidation states and garners significant attentions within the realm of battery technology. Mn-based flow batteries (MFBs) are recognized as viable contenders for energy storage owing to their environmentally sustainable nature, economic feasibility, and enhanced safety features. Nevertheless, the advancement of MFBs is hindered by contentious reaction mechanisms, suboptimal energy density, and inadequate cycling stability. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of various MFBs based on the specific redox couples utilized in the catholyte, including Mn3+/Mn2+, MnO2/Mn2+, and MnO4
−/MnO4
2−. Moreover, recent advancements and concerns encountered by each type of MFBs are subsequently addressed and discussed in detail. Additionally, the current understanding of the mechanisms for different Mn-based pairs and their potentials for energy storage applications are introduced. Finally, challenges for the future development of MFBs, along with suggested improvement strategies are outlined.
Dynamics of the material ejection in a dipolar arc in continuous regime
Authors: Hellé A , Hugon R , Brochard F , Chouchene S , Marcos G , Moritz J , Schweitzer P
Published: July 2024

Electrical and fast imaging measurements are performed on an experimental device designed to study the dynamics of electric arcs in the DC regime. The work presented here investigates the relationship between electrical fluctuations and material ejection from the electrode surface. Cross-analysis of the electrical and imaging data reveals a significant correlation between electrical fluctuations in the kHz range and particle emission from the electrode surface. Different types of ejection are presented and a study of the dynamics of the ejected particles is carried out through the analysis of a statistically significant number of trajectories.