bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BINDING ENERGIES OF HYDROGENIC IMPURITIES ON-CENTER AND OFF-CENTER IN CYLINDRICAL QUANTUM DOTS UNDER ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: WANG SHENG , WEI GUOZHU , YI GUANGYU
Published: November 2010

The ground-state binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity in cylindrical quantum dots (QDs) subjected to external electric and magnetic fields are investigated using the finite-difference method within the quasi-one-dimensional effective potential model. The QD is modeled by superposing a square-well potential and a strong lateral confinement potential by the combination of a parabolic potential and a changeable magnetic field. We define an effective radius of a cylindrical QD which can describe the strength of the lateral confinement. The effects of the electric fields are less important when the effective radius is very tiny, and the effects are manifested as the effective radius increases. Meanwhile, one finds that the binding energies highly depend on the impurity positions under the applied transverse fields. When the impurity is located at the right half of the cylinder, the electric field pushes the electron to the left side, then the binding energy decreases; when the impurity is located at the left, the binding energy first increases and reaches a peak value, then deceases with the electric field.
NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF THIN ACCRETION DISK DYNAMICS AROUND ROTATING BLACK HOLES
Authors: YILDIRAN DENIZ , DONMEZ ORHAN
Published: November 2010

In the present study, we perform the numerical simulation of a relativistic thin accretion disk around the nonrotating and rapidly rotating black holes using the general relativistic hydrodynamic code with Kerr in Kerr–Schild coordinate that describes the central rotating black hole. Since the high energy X-rays are produced close to the event horizon resulting the black hole–disk interaction, this interaction should be modeled in the relativistic region.

We have set up two different initial conditions depending on the values of thermodynamical variables around the black hole. In the first setup, the computational domain is filled with constant parameters without injecting gas from the outer boundary. In the second, the computational domain is filled with the matter which is then injected from the outer boundary. The matter is assumed to be at rest far from the black hole. Both cases are modeled over a wide range of initial parameters such as the black hole angular momentum, adiabatic index, Mach number and asymptotic velocity of the fluid. It has been found that initial values and setups play an important role in determining the types of the shock cone and in designating the events on the accretion disk. The continuing injection from the outer boundary presents a tail shock to the steady state accretion disk. The opening angle of shock cone grows as long as the rotation parameter becomes larger. A more compressible fluid (bigger adiabatic index) also presents a bigger opening angle, a spherical shock around the rotating black hole, and less accumulated gas in the computational domain. While results from [J. A. Font, J. M. A. Ibanez and P. Papadopoulos, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.305 (1999) 920] indicate that the tail shock is warped around for the rotating hole, our study shows that it is the case not only for the warped tail shock but also for the spherical and elliptical shocks around the rotating black hole. The warping around the rotating black hole in our case is much smaller than the one by [J. A. Font, J. M. A. Ibanez and P. Papadopoulos, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.305 (1999) 920], due to the representation of results at the different coordinates. Contrary to the nonrotating black hole, the tail shock is slightly warped around the rotating black hole. The filled computational domain without any injection leads to an unstable accretion disk. However much of it reaches a steady state for a short period of time and presents quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). Furthermore, the disk tends to loose mass during the whole dynamical evolution. The time-variability of these types of accretion flowing close to the black hole may clarify the light curves in Sgr A*.
USE OF DESIRABILITY FUNCTION AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN GREY-TAGUCHI APPROACH TO SOLVE CORRELATED MULTI-RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION IN SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
Authors: DATTA SAURAV , SANKAR MAHAPATRA SIBA
Published: November 2010

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is an important metal fabrication technology specially applied to join metals of large thickness in a single pass. In order to obtain an efficient joint, several process parameters of SAW need to be studied and precisely selected to improve the bead quality. Many methodologies have been proposed in the past research to address this issue. However, a good number of past works seek to optimize SAW process parameters with only one response. In practical situations, not only influence of process parameters and their interactive effects on output responses are to be critically examined but also attempt is to be made to optimize more than one response simultaneously. To this end, the present study considers four process control parameters viz. voltage (OCV), wire feed rate, traverse speed and electrode stick-out. The selected weld quality characteristics related to features of bead geometry are depth of penetration, reinforcement and bead width. An integrated approach capable of overcoming the drawbacks of traditional optimization approaches has been suggested and results thereof analyzed. The proposed approach explores Orthogonal Array (OA) experiments for adaptation to grey-Taguchi method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to convert correlated response values into uncorrelated quality indices called principal components. Based on desirability loss, grey relational coefficients of each quality indices have been calculated. These coefficients have been further accumulated to calculate overall grey relational grade. Individual response weights have been calculated using entropy measurement technique. Finally, Taguchi method has been adopted for optimization purpose. The study finally demonstrates the robustness and flexibility of the integrated approach in solving multi-criteria optimization problem in SAW process.
iNFAnt
Authors: Cascarano Niccolo' , Rolando Pierluigi , Risso Fulvio , Sisto Riccardo
Published: November 2010

This paper presents iNFAnt, a parallel engine for regular expression pattern matching. In contrast with traditional approaches, iNFAnt adopts non-deterministic automata, allowing the compilation of very large and complex rule sets that are otherwise hard to treat. iNFAnt is explicitly designed and developed to run on graphical processing units that provide large amounts of concurrent threads; this parallelism is exploited to handle the non-determinism of the model and to process multiple packets at once, thus achieving high performance levels.
A New Solar-Powered Blood Pressure Measuring Device for Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Parati Gianfranco , Kilama Michael Ochan , Faini Andrea , Facelli Elisa , Ochen Kenneth , Opira Cyprian , Mendis Shanthi , Wang Jiguang , Atkins Neil , O'Brien Eoin
Published: November 2010

The management of high blood pressure (BP) is particularly inadequate in low-income countries, where the unavailability of a reliable, durable, and affordable BP-measurement device is a major obstacle to accurate diagnosis. Recognizing this, a World Health Organization committee was established to correct this deficiency by influencing manufacturers to produce a device according to predetermined criteria and to demonstrate the suitability of the device for low resource settings. A device, which fulfilled stipulated criteria in being inexpensive, semiautomated, and solar powered, was validated according to the International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension; it was then subjected to field testing in 716 subjects from 2 centers in Uganda and 1 in Zambia. The Omron HEM-SOLAR having previously fulfilled accuracy criteria of the International Protocol for both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fulfilled criteria for SBP, but not for DBP, when revalidated. In field testing, average SBPs and DBPs were 120.5±21.6/74.6±13.8 mm Hg and 122.3±21.8/71.2±14.0 mm Hg, respectively, with the auscultatory technique and the Omron HEM-SOLAR, respectively. Between-device agreement in defining SBP was 93.7%. The Omron HEM-SOLAR was favored over the mercury sphygmomanometer by both patients and investigators. In summary, considering the accuracy, robustness, relatively low cost, operational simplicity, and advantages such as solar power, the Omron HEM-SOLAR is likely to be a valuable device for improving BP measurement in low-resource settings with nonphysician health workers.
Dynamical, Statistical–Dynamical, and Multimodel Ensemble Forecasts of Australian Spring Season Rainfall
Authors: Lim Eun-Pa , Hendon Harry H. , Anderson David L. T. , Charles Andrew , Alves Oscar
Published: November 2010

The prediction skill of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology dynamical seasonal forecast model Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) is assessed for probabilistic forecasts of spring season rainfall in Australia and the feasibility of increasing forecast skill through statistical postprocessing is examined. Two statistical postprocessing techniques are explored: calibrating POAMA prediction of rainfall anomaly against observations and using dynamically predicted mean sea level pressure to infer regional rainfall anomaly over Australia (referred to as “bridging”). A “homogeneous” multimodel ensemble prediction method (HMME) is also introduced that consists of the combination of POAMA’s direct prediction of rainfall anomaly together with the two statistically postprocessed predictions.

Using hindcasts for the period 1981–2006, the direct forecasts from POAMA exhibit skill relative to a climatological forecast over broad areas of eastern and southern Australia, where El Niño and the Indian Ocean dipole (whose behavior POAMA can skillfully predict at short lead times) are known to exert a strong influence in austral spring. The calibrated and bridged forecasts, while potentially offering improvement over the direct forecasts because of POAMA’s ability to predict the main drivers of springtime rainfall (e.g., El Niño and the Southern Oscillation), show only limited areas of improvement, mainly because strict cross-validation limits the ability to capitalize on relatively modest predictive signals with short record lengths. However, when POAMA and the two statistical–dynamical rainfall forecasts are combined in the HMME, higher deterministic and probabilistic skill is achieved over any of the single models, which suggests the HMME is another useful method to calibrate dynamical model forecasts.
Genomic organization and gene expression of the multiple globins in Atlantic cod: conservation of globin-flanking genes in chordates infers the origin of the vertebrate globin clusters
Authors: Wetten Ola F , Nederbragt Alexander J , Wilson Robert C , Jakobsen Kjetill S , Edvardsen Rolf B , Andersen Øivind
Published: November 2010

Background

The vertebrate globin genes encoding the α- and β-subunits of the tetrameric hemoglobins are clustered at two unlinked loci. The highly conserved linear order of the genes flanking the hemoglobins provides a strong anchor for inferring common ancestry of the globin clusters. In fish, the number of α-β-linked globin genes varies considerably between different sublineages and seems to be related to prevailing physico-chemical conditions. Draft sequences of the Atlantic cod genome enabled us to determine the genomic organization of the globin repertoire in this marine species that copes with fluctuating environments of the temperate and Arctic regions.

Results

The Atlantic cod genome was shown to contain 14 globin genes, including nine hemoglobin genes organized in two unlinked clusters designated β5-α1-β1-α4 and β3-β4-α2-α3-β2. The diverged cod hemoglobin genes displayed different expression levels in adult fish, and tetrameric hemoglobins with or without a Root effect were predicted. The novel finding of maternally inherited hemoglobin mRNAs is consistent with a potential role played by fish hemoglobins in the non-specific immune response. In silico analysis of the six teleost genomes available showed that the two α-β globin clusters are flanked by paralogs of five duplicated genes, in agreement with the proposed teleost-specific duplication of the ancestral vertebrate globin cluster. Screening the genome of extant urochordate and cephalochordate species for conserved globin-flanking genes revealed linkage of RHBDF1, MPG and ARHGAP17 to globin genes in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, while these genes together with LCMT are closely positioned in amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), but seem to be unlinked to the multiple globin genes identified in this species.

Conclusion

The plasticity of Atlantic cod to variable environmental conditions probably involves the expression of multiple globins with potentially different properties. The interspecific difference in number of fish hemoglobin genes contrasts with the highly conserved synteny of the flanking genes. The proximity of globin-flanking genes in the tunicate and amphioxus genomes resembles the RHBDF1-MPG-α-globin-ARHGAP17-LCMT linked genes in man and chicken. We hypothesize that the fusion of the three chordate linkage groups 3, 15 and 17 more than 800 MYA led to the ancestral vertebrate globin cluster during a geological period of increased atmospheric oxygen content.
Why suppression of HIV replication does not always make everything better
Authors: Lederman M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
A pilot study to determine the prevalence of HIV in persons presenting for care with selected conditions: preliminary results from the HIV in Europe study
Authors: Sönnerborg A , Mocroft A , Lundgren JD , Raben D , Gatell J , Vassilenko A , Hadziosmanovic V , Bergovac J , Sørensen H , Cusini M , Clumeck N , Gazzard B , Rockstroh J , Zuin M , D'Arminio Monforte A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
International perspectives on adherence and resistance to HIV antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bangsberg D
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The clinical development of NRTIs — cautionary tales
Authors: Cooper D
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Host genetics of HCV disease — IL28B
Authors: Fellay J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Early mortality following ART initiation in HIV‐infected adults and children in Uganda and Zimbabwe
Authors: Walker AS , Mugyenyi P , Munderi P , Hakim J , Kekitiinwa AA , Katabira E , Gilks CF , Kityo C , Nahirya‐Ntege P , Nathoo K , Gibb D
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
What affects the bone in our HIV‐positive patients?
Authors: Fux CA
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Vitamin D and clinical disease progression in HIV infection: results from the EuroSIDA study
Authors: Viard JP , Souberbielle JC , Kirk O , Knysz B , Losso M , Gatell J , Pedersen C , Bogner JR , Mocroft A , Lundgren JD
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The SENSE trial: etravirine shows lower prevalence and severity of neuropsychiatric adverse events compared to efavirenz in treatment‐naïve patients
Authors: Stellbrink HJ , Rugina S , Zagler C , Esser S , Castagna A , Gazzard B , Hill A , van Delft Y , Marks S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Evaluating pharmacist involvement in HIV outpatient clinics: can medication histories, drug interaction checks and adherence assessments add benefit?
Authors: Seden K , Back DJ , Khoo SH
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Adherence, quality of life and number of daily pills in a large cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gianotti N , Galli L , Bocchiola B , Cahua T , Panzini P , Zandonà D , Salpietro S , Maillard M , Danise A , Pazzi A , Lazzarin A , Castagna A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Relating protease inhibitor resistance at time of virological failure with drug exposure
Authors: Van Luin M , Bannister WP , Paredes R , Phillips AN , Bruun J , Van Lunzen J , Kirk O , d'Arminio Monforte A , Cozzi‐Lepri A , Burger DM
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Detection of HIV type 1 mutations on the pol region in untreated patients in Northern Vietnam: determination of drug resistance and subtypes
Authors: Ranger‐Rogez S , Al Jawhari M , Nguyen B , Pham Hong N , Tran Quoc T , Pascual J , Doll J , Harzic M , Viretto G , Weinbreck P
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Reasons for treatment discontinuation in the first year after beginning antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of Portuguese HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Caldas C , Andrade P , Azevedo C , Piñeiro C , Serrão R , Soares J , Marques R , Sarmento A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Darunavir resistance spectrum in darunavir‐naᵢve patients harboring virological failure to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Marcelin AG , Charpentier C , Wirden M , Descamps D , Calvez V
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
High levels of polymorphisms related to raltegravir resistance among raltegravir‐naïve individuals in Brazil
Authors: Pena N Mantovani , Azevedo R Gonçalves , Castro D Funayama , Diaz R Sobhie , Komninakis S Vasconcelos
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Is extended resistance to the historical antiretroviral drugs & drug classes still a risk factor for HIV progression?
Authors: Zaccarelli M , Lorenzini P , Marconi P , Forbici F , Gori C , Sette P , Ceccherini‐Silberstein F , Narciso P , Perno CF , Antinori A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Haemoglobin and anaemia in the SMART study
Authors: Mocroft A , Lifson AR , Touloumi G , Neuhaus J , Fox Z , Palfreeman A , Vjecha M , Hodder S , De Wit S , Lundgren JD , Phillips AN
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
A complex of measures effectiveness in reducing mother‐to‐child HIV transmission
Authors: Minaeva SV , Moshkovich GF
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Amniocentesis is a low‐risk procedure in HIV‐treated pregnant women
Authors: Simoes MM , Marques CO , Albergaria F , Guerreiro C , Pereira A , Correia J , Castela J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The impact of late presentation: analysis of a cohort of 313 Portuguese patients
Authors: Alfaiate D , Miranda AC , Rijo J , Fernandes D , Borges F , Farinha H , Mansinho K
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of atazanavir in pregnancy
Authors: Else LJ , Jackson V , Brennan M , Breiden J , Weldridge C , Coulter‐Smith S , Back DJ , Khoo SH , Lambert J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The use of a darunavir/ritonavir once‐daily regimen in two pregnant women
Authors: Lambert JS , Else LJ , Jackson V , Dickinson L , Back DJ , Brennan M , Weldridge C , Coulter‐Smith S , Gibbons S , Khoo SH
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Epidemiology of HIV‐associated tuberculosis (TB) co‐infection in Krasnoyarsk region, Russian Federation
Authors: Chaychuk TA , Gankina NU , Nikonova OG
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
A minority of tuberculosis cases occurring during HIV care is possibly preventable
Authors: Skeie L , Skrede T , Maeland A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Enfuvirtide in therapy at patients with HIV‐infection and tuberculosis
Authors: Kravchenko AV , Kuznetsova AV , Kozyrev OA , Lukyanova VA , Kanestri VG
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Role of HCV infection in the development of carotid atherosclerosis in a cohort of HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Ferrara S , Tartaglia A , Santantonio T , Grisorio B
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Effectiveness of pegylated interferon alfa plus HAART in HIV/HBV treatment‐naïve coinfected patients
Authors: Mata‐Marín JA , Arroyo‐Anduiza CI , Arias‐Flores R , Gaytán‐Martínez JE
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Efficacy and safety of therapy of chronic hepatitis B with telbivudine (LdT) in patients with HIV‐infection without HAART
Authors: Tsarenko SP , Kravchenko AV , Kanestri VG , Maximov SL
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Relationship between dynamics of Epstein‐Barr virus and immune activation in HIV‐1 infected subjects in the HAART era
Authors: Cattelan AM , Zanchetta M , Sasset L , Petrara R , Freguja R , Gianesin K , Cecchetto MG , Cremona F , De Rossi A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Trends in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV‐positive women in the pre‐HAART and HAART era in a Nigerian clinic
Authors: Onigbogi MO , Ojo OY
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Review of HIV testing at a district general hospital in an area of high HIV prevalence following the introduction of new national guidelines
Authors: Page ID , Phillips M , Flegg P , Palmer R
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Eligibility for the initiation of HIV treatment in the context of the updated EACS guidelines: results of a clinical audit
Authors: Aichelburg MC , Schlag M , Rieger A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Causes of death in patients infected with HIV from 1985 to 2008
Authors: Mendez J , Sarmento e Castro R , Domingues da Silva AR
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its predictive factors in Italy: a comparison between HIV‐infected and uninfected subjects
Authors: Galli L , Salpietro S , Pellicciotta G , Galliani A , Piatti PM , Hasson H , Guffanti M , Gianotti N , Bigoloni A , Lazzarin A , Castagna A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment with once‐ and twice‐daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) in the ODIN trial
Authors: Spinosa‐Guzman S , Van de Casteele T , De La Rosa G , De Doncker P
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Switching to a ‘nuke‐sparing’ raltegravir/atazanavir combination: an individualised approach
Authors: Grant A , Kamuntu Y , Read P , Kulasegaram R
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Switching to Atripla (EFV/FTC/TDF) from Kivexa (ABC/3TC) plus EFV leads to improved perceptions of treatment: results from the ROCKET 1 study
Authors: Cooper V , Horne R , Ewan J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Analysis of determinants of long‐term efficacy of unboosted atazanavir‐based regimens in the clinical setting
Authors: Bonora S , Calcagno A , Viganò O , Bigliano P , Rusconi S , Trentini L , Tettoni MC , Orofino G , Salassa B , Bramato C , D'Avolio A , Siccardi M , Colella E , Galli M , Di Perri G
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in clinical practice
Authors: Caso A , Valencia E , Moreno V , Cervero M , Sanz J , Torres Perea R
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Long‐term efficacy and safety of low‐dose ritonavir‐boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) 200/100 mg in HIV‐infected Thai patients
Authors: Avihingsanon A , Apornpong T , Kerr SJ , Ananworanich J , Ruxrungtham K
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Metabolic: week 48 comparison of metabolic parameters and biomarkers in subjects receiving darunavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir
Authors: Overton T , Aberg JA , Gupta S , Ryan R , Baugh B , De La Rosa G
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Switching from Kivexa + efavirenz to Atripla reduces total cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects: final results of a 24‐week, randomized study
Authors: Moyle G , Orkin C , Fisher M , Anderson J , Dhar J , Wang MH , Ewan J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Smoking, female gender and PI use are associated with decreasing renal function in TDF‐containing HAART
Authors: Uglietti A , Gervasoni C , Gabrielli E , Di Giambenedetto S , Cauda R , Esposito R , Grima P , Di Perri G , Maserati R , Galli M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The 10 year safety and efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐containing once‐daily highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Authors: Cassetti I , Etzel A , Madruga JV , Suleiman JM , Zhou Y , Rhee M , Warren DR
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Hepatotoxicity in patients co‐infected with HIV and tuberculosis while receiving NNRTI‐based antiretroviral regimen and rifampicin
Authors: Mankhatitham W , Lueangniyomkul A , Manosuthi W
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Clinical significance of hyperbilirubinemia in the CASTLE study
Authors: Uy J , Hu W , Wirtz V , Hosey T , Butcher D , McGrath D , Farajallah A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Toxic intracellular anabolite levels of tenofovir and didanosine causing a steep CD4‐cell decline
Authors: de Jong E , Haverkort ME , ter Heine R , Jansen RS , Beijnen JH , van Agtmael MA
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a Urea/Lactic Acid–Based Topical Keratolytic Agent for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N05C5
Authors: Wolf Sherry L. , Qin Rui , Menon Smitha P. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Thomas Sachdev , Delaune Robert , Christian Diana , Pajon Eduardo R. , Satele Daniel V. , Berenberg Jeffrey L. , Loprinzi Charles L.
Published: November 2010

Purpose

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a dose-limiting toxicity of capecitabine for which no effective preventative treatment has been definitively demonstrated. This trial was conducted on the basis of preliminary data that a urea/lactic acid–based topical keratolytic agent (ULABTKA) may prevent HFS.

Patients and Methods

A randomized, double-blind phase III trial evaluated 137 patients receiving their first ever cycle of capecitabine at a dose of either 2,000 or 2,500 mg/m2 per day for 14 days. Patients were randomly assigned to a ULABTKA versus a placebo cream, which was applied to the hands and feet twice per day for 21 days after the start of capecitabine. Patients completed an HFS diary (HFSD) daily. HFS toxicity grade (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] v3.0) was also collected at baseline and at the end of each cycle. The primary end point was the incidence of moderate/severe HFS symptoms in the first treatment cycle, based on the patient-reported HFSD.

Results

The percentage of patients with moderate/severe HFS symptoms was not different between groups, being 13.6% in the ULABTKA arm and 10.2% in the placebo arm (P = .768 by Fisher's exact test). The odds ratio was 1.37 (95% CI, 0.37 to 5.76). Cycle 1 CTCAE skin toxicity was higher in the ULABTKA arm but not significantly so (33% v 27%; P = .82). No significant differences were observed in other toxicities between groups.

Conclusion

These data do not support the efficacy of a ULABTKA cream for preventing HFS symptoms in patients receiving capecitabine.
Optimal Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Rates for Establishment of Warm‐Season Putting Greens
Authors: Rowland J. H. , Cisar J. L. , Snyder G. H. , Sartain J. B. , Wright A. L. , Erickson J. E.
Published: November 2010

Proper fertilization of golf course putting greens during grow‐in provides rapid turfgrass cover, high quality putting surfaces, and limits environmental impacts. Different levels of N and K were applied to ‘TifDwarf’ and ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burt Davy], ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), and ‘PristineFlora’ zoysiagrass [Zoysia japonica Stued. by Zoysia tenuifolia (L.) Merr.], sprigged at a rate of 36.6 m3 ha−1 on a USGA‐specified green, to compare grow‐in rate and qualitative turfgrass characteristics. Fertilizer treatments included 1.2, 2.4, 3.7, or 4.9 g N m−2 wk−1, and a one‐time application of polymer‐coated urea (PCU) at 39.1 g N m−2, with each N rate coinciding with four N/K fertilization ratios: 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, or 1:4. Visual measurements of grow‐in rate were generally similar within cultivars with 2.4, 3.7, or 4.9 g N m−2 wk−1 There were no significant effects for turfgrass growth or quality among N/K treatments. The 2.4 g N m−2 wk−1 rate was considered best for rapid establishment of all cultivars. Although 1.2 g N m−2 wk−1 amended turfgrass was slower to establish, this rate provided a more desirable putting surface and further decreased the potential for nutrient leaching.
Phenotypic and genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Tunisian Holstein cows
Authors: M’hamdi N. , Aloulou R. , Brar S.K. , Bouallegue M. , Hamouda Ben
Published: November 2010

Various factors influencing reproduction in dairy Holstein cows were
routinely evaluated and genetic parameters were estimated for four traits for
assessing fertility of artificially inseminated cows: Calving to first
service interval (CFSI), calving interval (CI), calving to conception
interval (CCI), and number of services per conception (NSC). Data used in
this investigation consisted of records of insemination and calving events on
Tunisian Holstein cows. Records were registered from 1994 to 2003 in 150
herds to study the effects of non-genetic factors and estimate the
heritabilities of those fertility traits. The factors examined were: month
and year of calving, herd, parity, and year-month of calving. The effect of
month and year of calving (or insemination), herd, parity and year-month of
calving were included in the model and were significant (P < 0.01) except for
the number of lactations that does not have an effect on the number of
services per conception. A decreasing efficiency in cow fertility was
observed over the last years, with a longer day for first service interval.
Heritability for fertility traits was low ranging from 0.027 for NSC to 0.067
for CI. The results suggested that more attention should be paid to herds
with too low fertility traits and that monitoring/alert and intervention
schemes should be tested in research/action approaches.
Antifouling Activity of Simple Synthetic Diterpenoids against Larvae of the Barnacle Balanus albicostatus Pilsbry
Authors: Chen Jun-De , Yi Rui-Zao , Sun Cui-Ling , Feng Dan-Qing , Lin Yi-Ming
Published: November 2010

Five new pimarane diterpenoids 1-5 were synthesized using ent-8(14)-pimarene-15R,16-diol as starting material. The structures were elucidated by means of extensive NMR and MS analysis. The antifouling activity against larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus albicostatus were evaluated using capsaicin as a positive control. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed more potent antifouling activity than capsaicin. Compound 5, which exhibited almost the same antifouling activity as starting material, showed better stability than starting material. These compounds all showed antifouling activity in a non-toxic way against larval settlement of the barnacle B. albicostatus. Analysis of structure-activity relationships (SAR) demonstrated that the substituents on the C-15 and C-16 position of pimarane diterpenoid were responsible for the antifouling activity.
Transient Disablement in the Physically Active With Musculoskeletal Injuries, Part I: A Descriptive Model
Authors: Vela Luzita I. , Denegar Craig
Published: November 2010

Context:

Disablement theory has been characterized as the sequence of events that occurs after an injury, but little research has been conducted to establish how disablement is experienced and described by physically active persons.

Objective:

To describe the disablement process in physically active persons with musculoskeletal injuries.

Design:

Concurrent, embedded mixed-methods study. For the qualitative portion, interviews were conducted to create descriptive disablement themes. For the quantitative portion, frequencies analysis was used to identify common terminology.

Setting:

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate and club sports, collegiate intramural program, large high school athletics program, and outpatient orthopaedic center.

Patients or Other Participants:

Thirty-one physically active volunteers (15 males, 16 females; mean age  =  21.2 years; range, 14–53 years) with a current injury (18 lower extremity injuries, 13 upper extremity injuries) participated in individual interviews. Six physically active volunteers (3 males, 3 females; mean age  =  22.2 years; range, 16–28 years) participated in the group interview to assess trustworthiness.

Data Collection and Analysis:

We analyzed interviews through a constant-comparison method, and data were collected until saturation occurred. Common limitations were transformed into descriptive themes and were confirmed during the group interview. Disablement descriptors were identified with frequencies and fit to the themes.

Results:

A total of 15 overall descriptive themes emerged within the 4 disablement components, and descriptive terms were identified for each theme. Impairments were marked by 4 complaints: pain, decreased motion, decreased muscle function, and instability. Functional limitations were denoted by problems with skill performance, daily actions, maintaining positions, fitness, and changing directions. Disability consisted of problems with participation in desired activities. Lastly, problems in quality of life encompassed uncertainty and fear, stress and pressure, mood and frustration, overall energy, and altered relationships. A preliminary generic outcomes instrument was generated from the findings.

Conclusions:

Our results will help clinicians understand how disablement is described by the physically active. The findings also have implications for how disablement outcomes are measured.
Testing of Thermal Barrier Coatings by Laser Excitation
Authors: Nies Daniel , Pulz Robert , Glaubitz Steffen , Finn Monika , Rehmer Birgit , Skrotzki Birgit
Published: November 2010

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used to increase the operating temperature of land‐, sea‐, or air‐based turbines. As failure of the coating may result in serious damage of the turbine, reliable estimation of the lifetime is essential. Most experiments to assess the lifetime or to determine parameters for simulations of the behavior of TBCs are done by burner‐rig‐tests, where the operating conditions are simulated by cyclic heating of the surface and cooling of the backside of a coated sample.

In this work a possibility is presented to do comparable experiments by heating the surface with laser irradiation instead of a burner. For this purpose a Nd:YAG‐laser with a maximum output power of 1 kW and a wavelength of 1064 nm is used. The laser spot can be moved by integrated optics across the sample surface to achieve homogeneous heating of the coating. Cooling of the backside is done by air. The temperature of the sample surface is determined by an infrared‐camera which also enables the possibility to detect failures in the coating via thermography. Additionally, acoustic sensors attached to the sample holder are used to detect failures in the sample. The investigated ceramic material (yttria stabilized zirconia) has a very low absorption coefficient at the used laser wavelength. Therefore, a pre‐treatment of the samples was needed to increase the absorption coefficient to be able to heat up the samples.

In this paper, the experimental setup and first experimental results are presented.
Formation of Well‐Ordered Heterojunctions in Polymer:PCBM Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: He Ximin , Gao Feng , Tu Guoli , Hasko David G. , Hüttner Sven , Greenham Neil C. , Steiner Ullrich , Friend Richard H. , Huck Wilhelm T. S.
Published: November 2010

The nanoscale morphology in polymer:PCBM based photovoltaic devices is a major contributor to overall device performance. The disordered nature of the phase‐separated structure, in combination with the small length scales involved and the inherent difficulty of reproducing the exact morphologies when spin‐coating and annealing thin blend films, have greatly hampered the development of a detailed understanding of how morphology impacts photo­voltaic device functioning. In this paper we demonstrate a double nano­imprinting process that allows the formation of nanostructured polymer:PCBM heterojunctions of composition and morphology that can be selected independently. We fabricated photovoltaic (PV) devices with extremely high densities (1014 mm−2) of interpenetrating nanoscale columnar features (as small as 25 nm; at or below the exciton diffusion length) in the active layer. By comparing device results of different feature sizes and two different polymer:PCBM combinations, we demonstrate how double imprinting can be a powerful tool to systematically study different parameters in polymer photovoltaic devices.
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on fluorine‐containing polyphosphazene
Authors: Huang Xiaobin , Wei Wei , Li Jing , Zheng Yuanli , Zhou Yubo , Tang Xiaozhen
Published: November 2010

Fluorine‐containing poly[bis‐(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoro‐1‐pentanol)1.6 (4‐hydroxybutaneoxy)0.4 phosphazene] (OFHBP) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The obtained OFHBP was used as a cross‐linker to prepare a series of novel polyurethanes (PUPFs). The composition of the PUPFs was confirmed by FTIR and elemental analysis (EA). The crystalline structure and microstructure of the PUPFs were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermal and tensile properties of the PUPFs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. In addition, the surface energy of the PUPFs was also evaluated by contact angle measurements (CA). The results showed that glass transition temperature of the PUPF‐4 was decreased by 15°C, elongation at break was improved by 61% and a 41% decrease in surface energy in comparison with conventional polyurethane. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of a pesticide on polyester fibers by carrier finishing
Authors: Zhang X. L. , Cai Z. S. , Zhao Y. P. , Sun G.
Published: November 2010

The effective management and control of mosquitoes in human living environments are crucial to minimize vector‐borne diseases in homes. Pesticides, such as pyrethroids, are considered powerful tools in the control of mosquitoes and are intended to be incorporated into textiles. The adsorptive behavior of the pesticide ZX‐1 [the main component is 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethane] in aqueous solution on polyesters fibers at different treatment times, temperatures, and concentrations are discussed in this article. The second‐order model was found to be the most suitable for describing the kinetic diffusion process, and the intraparticle diffusion was the rate‐controlling process. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption models were applied to these approaches. The results show that the Langmuir model appeared to fit the adsorption of ZX‐1 on the polyester fibers better than other adsorption models. In addition, thermodynamic parameters, such as the free energy of adsorption (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy, were calculated. Positive values of ΔH0 and ΔG0 indicated the endothermic and nonspontaneous nature of ZX‐1 adsorption on the polyester fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Molecular composites created by the solution blending of polyaniline and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)
Authors: Kanhegaokar Shivkalyan A. , Chunji Gao , Choi Eun‐Young , Kwon O‐Pil , Lee Suck‐Hyun
Published: November 2010

New conducting thermally stable blends of polyaniline (PANi) with sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) as a matrix were prepared by a solution‐blending method. Camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) was used as a protonic agent for PANi. A sulfonyl group was introduced into the poly(ether sulfone) to enhance the coulomb interaction among the blends. The influence of the sulfonated group in poly(ether sulfone) was monitored with electrical property measurements. Ultraviolet–visible spectra of the blend compositions showed a well‐developed polaron band. The compatibility of the blends, that is, hydrogen bonding and dispersion at the molecular level, was ascertained with X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; these supported intermolecular interaction. A smooth and uniform morphology was observed in the blends. The electrical conductivity of the blends increased up to 14 S/cm with the protonation of the PANi complex with CSA, and the percolation threshold was found to be 2 wt % PANi. These new blends showed increases in conductivity and compatibility over other PANi–poly(ether sulfone) blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Individuelle und kollektive Teilchenbewegungen in festen Körpern
Authors: Stiller H.
Published: November 2010

Macroscopic considerations on the internal dynamics of matter deal with densities (for instance mass or charge densities) rather than with particles. The properties of materials are characterized by certain constants like for instance the electric conductivity or transport coefficients like the diffusion constant D, the viscosity η and the heat conductivity X. For a semi‐microscopic approach, these coefficients sometimes are generalized into so‐called memory functions, for instance η (r, t). Models for the internal dynamics of materials are formulated often in terms of such functions; a few attempts have been made to measure such functions directly. — Microscopic considerations depend, of course, on the desired “resolution”; taking into account as particles: nuclei and electrons or ions and “free” electrons or merely atoms or molecules (rigid — “globular” or “elongated” — or flexible molecules) etc. With high resolution, quantum mechanics must be applied. With relaxed resolution, quantum mechanics still may be necessary for periodic motions, even in case of collective dynamic states. The different views are illustrated with examples: for individual and collective rotational motions, for collective translational tunneling, for a pseudo‐spin glass transition and for the generalized hydrodynamic behaviour of a simple fluid. Non‐linear phenomena presently are in the center of interest.
Gauge Theory, Symmetry Breaking and Molecular Rotation in Crystals
Authors: Clough S.
Published: November 2010

Molecular rotation in solids involves elastic forces for which no description has existed at the quantum level. An example is a rotating methyl group which may be compared with the propeller of an elastic powered model aeroplane. How does the lattice surrounding the methyl group play the role of the twisting elastic in restraining and counting rotation? The answer is found in gauge theory whose relevance to dynamics was realised following Berry's discovery of the topological phase. Through the introduction of the concept of curved space, the missing forces are revealed in the curvature which is a consequence of the dynamic interaction between the rotor and its thermal environment. The symmetries associated with dynamic isolation are broken as in the dynamic Jahn‐Teller effect, with the appearance in the quantum regime of new coordinates which are embryonic versions of the classical Euler angles. Incorporating both quantum and classical features, a description is obtained of the smooth transition with increasing temperature from quantum tunnelling to classical hopping rotation. Rotation of tetrahedral ammonium ions raises a further problem since the number of distinguishable orientations is either six or twelve according to quantum or classical mechanics. These are reconciled by symmetry breaking, the former pertaining to dynamic isolation and the latter to interaction with a heat bath. Various nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron scattering experiments demonstrate the symmetry breaking and the simple predictable character of the evolution of molecular rotation between the extremes of free quantum tunneling and thermally driven hopping motion.
The Metastable State of Metallic Glasses
Authors: Bormann R.
Published: November 2010

Electromotive force (EMF) measurements on amorphous CuZr and NiTi alloys demonstrate that these alloys are in a metastable state. This is concluded on the basis of a stable electrochemical equilibrium in a galvanic cell and of the reversibility of the cell reaction with respect to shorting and applying an overvoltage to the electrodes. The partial free energies of the amorphous alloys calculated from the EMF measurements are in agreement with those obtained by the CALPHAD method indicating the validity of the Gibbs‐Duhem equation. Metastable amorphous phases can therefore be treated thermodynamically similar to equilibrium phases as long as crystallization is avoided during the experiment and kinetics allow to achieve the metastable equilibrium state.