bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Reported Everyday Psychosocial Stressors Are Associated With Greater Impairments in Endothelial Function in Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Greaney Jody L. , Koffer Rachel E. , Saunders Erika F. H. , Almeida David M. , Alexander Lacy M.
Published: February 2019

Background

Despite the epidemiological associations between psychological stress, depression, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, no studies have examined the relation between naturally occurring psychosocial stressors and directly measured microvascular function in adults with major depressive disorder (
MDD
). We tested the hypothesis that young adults with
MDD
exposed to everyday psychosocial stressors would exhibit more severe impairments in endothelium‐dependent dilation (
EDD
) compared with: (1) healthy nondepressed adults (
HCs
); and (2) adults with
MDD
without acute psychosocial stress exposure.

Methods and Results

Twenty
HCs
(22±1 years) and 23 otherwise healthy adults with
MDD
(20±0.3 years) participated in the study. Participants completed a psychosocial experiences survey to document their exposure to any of 6 stressors over the preceding 24 hours (eg, arguments, work stressors). Red cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) was measured during graded intradermal microdialysis perfusion of acetylcholine (10
−10
to 10
−1
mol/L).
EDD
was expressed as a percentage of maximum vascular conductance (flux/mm Hg). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the associations between stress,
EDD
, and
MDD
. Adults with
MDD
reported a greater number and severity of psychosocial stressors compared with
HCs
(all
P
<0.05).
EDD
was blunted in adults with
MDD
(
HCs
: 91±2 versus
MDD
: 74±3%;
P
<0.001). Exposure to any stressor was related to more severe impairments in
EDD
in patients with
MDD
(no stressor: 81±3 versus 1+ stressors: 69±5%;
P
=0.04) but not in
HCs
(
P
=0.48).

Conclusions

These data indicate that exposure to everyday psychosocial stressors is associated with greater impairments in endothelial function in patients with
MDD
, suggesting a potential mechanistic link between daily stress and depression in increased cardiovascular risk.
Network structural dependency in the human connectome across the life-span
Authors: Schirmer Markus D. , Chung Ai Wern , Grant P. Ellen , Rost Natalia S.
Published: February 2019

Principles of network topology have been widely studied in the human connectome. Of particular interest is the modularity of the human brain, where the connectome is divided into subnetworks from which changes with development, aging or disease can be investigated. We present a weighted network measure, the Network Dependency Index (NDI), to identify an individual region’s importance to the global functioning of the network. Importantly, we utilize NDI to differentiate four subnetworks (Tiers) in the human connectome following Gaussian mixture model fitting. We analyze the topological aspects of each subnetwork with respect to age and compare it to rich club-based subnetworks (rich club, feeder, and seeder). Our results first demonstrate the efficacy of NDI to identify more consistent, central nodes of the connectome across age groups, when compared with the rich club framework. Stratifying the connectome by NDI led to consistent subnetworks across the life-span, revealing distinct patterns associated with age where, for example, the key relay nuclei and cortical regions are contained in a subnetwork with highest NDI. The divisions of the human connectome derived from our data-driven NDI framework have the potential to reveal topological alterations described by network measures through the life-span.
Nomenclatural novelties and a new species in Chilean Cactaceae
Authors: GUERRERO PABLO C. , WALTER HELMUT E.
Published: February 2019

The taxonomy of Chilean Cactaceae is notoriously difficult (see e.g., Duarte et al. 2014). Molecular data, and phylogenetic approaches, provided answer to better understand the natural classification of cacti (see e.g., Nyffeler 2002, Edwards 2005, Nyffeler & Eggli 2010, Ritz et al. 2012, Schlumpberger & Renner 2012, Larridon et al. 2015, 2018). As part of an ongoing revision of the Chilean Cacti, which is part of the “Modern Flora of Chile” initiative, nomenclatural novelties are needed in Eulychnia Philippi (1860: 23), Leucostele Backeberg (1953: 36) and Maihueniopsis Spegazzini (1925: 86) (Cactaceae Juss.).
The identities of Photinia raupingensis and P. prunifolia var. denticulata (Rosaceae, Maleae) from China
Authors: WANG LONG-YUAN , FENG HUI-ZHE , GUO WEI , FAN QIANG , CHEN SU-FANG , LIAO WEN-BO
Published: February 2019

After critically checking the type materials, we find that Photinia raupingensis and P. prunifolia var. denticulata are merged into P. prunifolia and are reduced as synonyms. Lectotypes of P. prunifolia (≡P. serrulata var. prunifolia), P. melanostigma, P. consimilis and P. raupingensis have been designated here.
A new species of Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) in Georgia
Authors: BARJADZE SHALVA
Published: February 2019

Apterous and alate viviparous females of Aphis cephalariae sp. n. living on Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) are described and illustrated. Differentiations between the new species and the morphologically similar A. acetosae are given. Based on apterous viviparous females, keys are provided to all aphid species recorded as feeding on Cephalaria gigantea, and to all Aphis species living on Dipsacaceae.
New genera of Talitridae in the revised Superfamily Talitroidea Bulycheva 1957 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata)
Authors: LOWRY J.K. , MYERS A.A.
Published: February 2019

Thirty seven new talitrid genera are described: Albidiator gen. nov.; Amphiatlantica gen. nov.; Asiaorchestia gen. nov.; Bulychevia gen. nov.; Calviator gen. nov.; Canariorchestia gen. nov.; Chevreuxiana gen. nov.; Dallwitzia gen. nov.; Defeo gen. nov.; Dendrorchestia gen. nov.; Derzhavinia gen. nov.; Dracorchestia gen. nov.; Fleuria gen. nov.; Galaporchestia gen. nov.; Hermaniator gen. nov.; Houlia gen. nov.; Hurleyella gen. nov.; Ignamborchestia gen. nov.; Indiorchestia gen. nov.; Insulariator gen. nov.; Kaalorchestia gen. nov.; Kellyduncania gen. nov.; Laniporchestia gen. nov.; Laurenia gen. nov.; Leslieorchestia gen. nov.; Lutruwitiator gen. nov.; Morinoia gen. nov.; Oamaru gen. nov.; Omaiorchestia gen. nov.; Opunorchestia gen. nov.; Pickorchestia gen. nov.; Sinbadorchestia gen. nov.; Snaresorchestia gen. nov.; Speziorchestia gen. nov.; Swaziator gen. nov.; Tasmanella gen. nov.; and Wairua gen. nov. The superfamily Hyaloidea Bulycheva 1957 stat. nov. is established. Caribitroides Bousfield, 1984, Dana Lowry, 2011, Makawe Duncan, 1994, Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990, Parorchestia Stebbing, 1899, Puhuruhuru Duncan, 1994 and Waematau Duncan, 1994 are re-diagnosed and Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990 is raised to generic level. Type material of Tethorchestia antillensis Bousfield, 1984 is illustrated for the first time.
The first record of Gnathostenetroididea Kussakin, 1967 from Australian waters with description of four new species of Gnathostenetroides Amar, 1957 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota) from the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: MALYUTINA MARINA V. , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: February 2019

The asellote family Gnathostenetroididae Kussakin, 1967 is reported for the first time from Australian waters. Four new species of Gnathostenetroides Amar, 1957 from the Great Barrier Reef are described. The genus Maresiella Fresi and Scipione, 1980 is here placed into synonymy with Gnathostenetroides and a new diagnosis is given for Gnathostenetroides together with a key to the 12 species and a map of the distribution of the genus. The genus Dignatroides Stock and Vonk, 1990 is placed into synonymy with Caecostenetroides Fresi and Schiecke, 1968, and a new composition of the family Gnathostenetroididae, the updated diagnosis and a key to the three genera are provided.
A new species of Charadrahyla (Anura: Hylidae) from the cloud forest of western Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-ARCOS VÍCTOR H. , CALZADA-ARCINIEGA RAFAEL ALEJANDRO , ALFARO-JUANTORENA LIZ A. , VÁZQUEZ-REYES LEOPOLDO D. , BLAIR CHRISTOPHER , PARRA-OLEA GABRIELA
Published: February 2019

A new species of treefrog from the genus Charadrahyla is described from the cloud forest of western Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Charadrahyla sakbah sp. nov., is distinguished from the rest of the species in the genus by the large body size (81.15–85.75 mm and 67.91–73.21 mm in adult females and males respectively), axillary membrane, adult males with hypertrophied webbings between toes I and II, nuptial excrescences, one enlarged conical tubercle on either side of vent, vocal slits absent, and sexual dimorphism in the snout shape in dorsal profile (rounded and acuminate in females and males respectively). The hypertrophied webbings are a unique character among other hylids of Middle America, and are only present in C. trux, C. tecuani and the species described herein. These three species inhabit the cloud forest of the Sierra Madre del Sur, and are probably closely related. However, more detailed phylogenetic analyses are needed to define the internal relationships of the genus. The cloud forest in the Sierra Madre del Sur continues to be known for a high number of endemic species. However, the cloud forest faces several threats due to its limited distribution that make it a priority ecosystem for conservation.
La “preistoria” allargata: Leonardo Sinisgalli risponde a Elio Brando
Authors: Dell’Aquila Giulia
Published: February 2019

Il testo di Elio Brando, apparso nel giornale La Basilicata il 14 novembre 1925 e qui proposto in appendice, sta alla base della replica, sentita e importante per ricostruire la formazione e le letture, di un giovanissimo Leonardo Sinisgalli. Lo scritto uscito a distanza di pochi giorni nelle pagine dello stesso quotidiano è quasi certamente da considerarsi il primo testo pubblicato dal poeta ingegnere lucano.
How Does Consumers’ Local or Global Identity Influence Price–Perceived Quality Associations? The Role of Perceived Quality Variance
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Sun Sijie , Lalwani Ashok K. , Janakiraman Narayan
Published: February 2019

Globalization has substantially influenced the world economy. However, managers have a limited understanding of how local–global identity influences consumers’ price perceptions and behavior. In this research, the authors propose that consumers’ local (vs. global) identity leads to a greater tendency to make price–perceived quality (PPQ) associations. Perceived quality variance among comparison brands is a key mechanism underlying these effects. Two field studies (Studies 1 and 7), seven experiments (Studies 2–6, 9, and 10), and a systematic review of secondary data (Study 8) provide converging and robust evidence for the effect of local–global identity on PPQ. Consistent with the perceived quality variance account, when quality differences among the brands are made salient, PPQ associations of consumers high in global (but not local) identity significantly increase, compared with baseline conditions. However, when perceived quality similarities are made salient, PPQ associations of consumers high in local (but not global) identity significantly decrease. Product type and distribution of customer ratings represent natural boundaries for the relationship between local–global identity and PPQ. The authors conclude with the implications for managers’ targeting endeavors. We also provide specific tools that marketers can use in ads and point-of-purchase materials to encourage or discourage consumers in making PPQ associations.
Energy resources and the risk of conflict in shared river basins
Authors: Lee Sojeong , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin
Published: February 2019

This study examines the effect of energy resources on the chances for militarized conflict, water related conflict and cooperation events, and cooperative river treaties between pairs of states on shared international river basins. We examine trade-offs that riparian states can make between energy resources such as oil or natural gas and fresh water resources. Integrating upstream and downstream states’ geographical position in a river basin with energy resource information, we examine four related scenarios of states sharing rivers: (1) Joint energy where both upstream and downstream countries have energy resources, (2) Downstream energy where only the downstream state has energy resources, (3) Upstream energy where only an upstream country has energy resources, and (4) No energy. Theoretically, we argue that Downstream energy dyads are most likely to find cooperative solutions to conflicts over shared river resources because downstream states can offer oil and natural gas side payments to upstream states in exchange for greater water supplies. Empirical analyses of dyadic data in shared river basin dyads from 1945 to 2001 provide strong support for the theory. Riparian cooperation through river treaties and diplomacy is best achieved in Downstream energy dyads, where the downstream states have energy resources that can be traded for water resources with upstream states. Militarized conflict and water related conflict events are most likely in Joint energy dyads. Case illustrations from the Aral Sea and Ganges river basins are used to demonstrate the theoretical arguments.
Commentary: Breaking the Brexit Impasse: Achieving a Fair, Legitimate and Democratic Outcome
Authors: Aidt Toke , Chadha Jagjit S. , Sabourian Hamid
Published: February 2019

Unanimity on the question of UK exit from the EU is not within reach, but this does not mean that the House of Commons or the population at large can not find a way out of the current Brexit impasse that is fair and legitimate. We discuss different voting procedures which satisfy some important principles of democracy and which can select the option that can win a majority against all other alternatives in a head-to-head majority vote. We argue that strategic considerations play an important role and we propose a procedure that works well and can help break the impasse when voters act strategically. The procedure requires (1) that all options with some minimum support are on the agenda, (2) that voting takes place in multiple rounds and (3) that in each round the alternative with the least support is eliminated until in the last round only two alternatives are left and the majority winner is selected. We discuss how this procedure can be modified to take into account that some voters may vote non-strategically and how it, in practice, could be used either in the House of Commons or in a new referendum.
Can the Chinese Nation Be One? Gu Jiegang, Chinese Muslims, and the Reworking of Culturalism
Authors: Jenco Leigh K.
Published: February 2019

This article examines how the classicist and folklorist Gu Jiegang, in conversation with his Hui (Chinese Muslim) colleagues at the Yugong study society and journal (published 1934–1937), theorized the “Chinese nation” ( Zhonghua minzu) as an internally plural and open-ended political project, to resist homogenizing claims by both Japanese imperialists and the ruling Chinese Nationalist party under Chiang Kai-shek in the 1930s. Echoing the struggles of his Hui colleagues to articulate their place in the nation as both Muslim and Chinese, Gu reworked traditional “culturalist” assumptions about the non-racial character of identity formation to pose minority experience as constitutive of a constantly expanding and transforming political community. When Gu asserted in his notorious 1939 essay that the “ Zhonghua minzu Is One,” he posed a unity built not on cultural assimilation or ethnic identity, but on a shared political commitment to an expansive and culturally hybrid concept of the “Chinese nation.”
A novel double-level observer-based fault estimation for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Sun Shaoxin , Zhang Huaguang , Han Jian , Liang Yuling
Published: February 2019

In this paper we investigate the fault estimation problem against local unknown nonlinear dynamics, sensor and actuator faults for a class of Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. In addition, the exogenous disturbances and measurement noise are considered, which are presented in the operation of the systems and are various and independent of the systems. A novel double-level observer is designed to estimate the system states and faults. Compared with the current research results, the proposed observer has a wider range of application. By designing a fuzzy augmented system and a Kalman filter as the first-level observer, the estimations of system states, sensor faults and actuator faults can be obtained simultaneously. The second-level observer can estimate the unknown nonlinear dynamic function by establishing generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model. The robust stability of the estimation error systems is considered by H∞ performance. Finally, three simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault estimation method.
Comprehensive Review of the Genetics of Albinism
Authors: Jauregui Ramon , Huryn Laryssa A. , Brooks Brian P.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

It is important to understand albinism, since it is a disorder associated with visual impairment, predisposition to malignant melanomas, and social stigma. The main objective of this article is to review the genetics and biologic mechanisms of the non-syndromic albinism subtypes and to describe associated clinical manifestations. We also discuss research on its treatments.

Methods

A review of the published literature on albinism subtypes was performed, spanning basic laboratory research, published case reports, and experiences of people with albinism.

Results

Clear progress has been made in comprehending the causes of albinism; research has shed light on the complexity of the disorder and has led to the molecular classification of subtypes.

Discussion

Despite the increase in knowledge with regards to albinism, gaps still exist. It is important to continue the pursuit of unraveling the mechanism of the disorder and to monitor the frequency of the subtypes worldwide in order to aid in the development of treatments. Furthermore, disseminating knowledge of albinism is crucial for future progress.

Implications for practitioners

Albinism is a disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes, with accompanying ocular abnormalities that remain relatively stable throughout life. The disorder is defined by a spectrum of pigmentation where albinism is more evident among individuals of dark complexion than their lighter-pigmented peers. Patients with albinism require protection against sun exposure and special resources to address visual impairments. When albinism patients are diagnosed and properly accommodated, they generally report a positive quality of life.
The Japanese Corporate Family: The Marital Gender Contract Facing New Challenges
Authors: Goldstein-Gidoni Ofra
Published: February 2019

The analytical prism of gender contract is used in this article as a means to conceptualize the cultural construction of the idea of the heteronormative “ordinary” Japanese family, a construct that gained hegemonic dominance over the course of Japan’s stable prosperous postwar period (1960s-1980s); and from there, for examining the strength of this normative “contract” against post-bubble economic and social challenges. To further challenge the potential changes in the corporate gender contract,—particularly against the corporate culture—the study purposely sampled the second group of male and female interviewees, who were related to the so-called ikumen movement, which calls for greater involvement of men in family life and a better work–life balance. These men and women were not only from younger age cohorts compared to the first group of women and men. They also mostly resided in dual-income households, unlike the first group whose households were mainly based on a male breadwinner.
Public Support for Smoke-Free Section 8 Public Housing
Authors: McMillen Robert C. , Winickoff Jonathan P. , Gottlieb Mark A. , Tanski Susanne , Wilson Karen , Klein Jonathan D.
Published: February 2019

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recently issued rules requiring that federally funded authorities administering public housing must have smoke-free policies. Importantly, this requirement does not extend to Section 8 housing. Under the Section 8 program, public housing vouchers provide subsidies for private rental housing to low-income residents. This study examines support for smoke-free policy options in Section 8 housing. Using a nationally representative survey of adults, we asked 3,070 respondents to agree or disagree with two potential policies. The majority (71%) supported prohibiting indoor smoking everywhere inside buildings that have Section 8 housing units. Alternatively, respondents were less supportive (38%) of a policy to prohibit smoking only inside units with Section 8 subsidies, and allowing smoking in nonsubsidized units. Prohibiting smoking in all units in multiunit housing (MUH) buildings would help protect the health of both the 2.2 million households who receive Section 8 subsidies and their neighbors.
Gritty citizens? Exploring the logic and limits of resilience in UK social policy during times of socio-material insecurity
Authors: Donoghue Matthew , Edmiston Daniel
Published: February 2019

In recent years, resilience has been invoked as both a pre-emptive and responsive strategy to tackling socio-material insecurity. This article outlines a number of discursive and administrative features that distinguish the rise of resilience from longer-term shifts towards ‘active citizenship’ in British social policy. We use data from two studies of financial hardship to examine how the fetishised ideal of resilience is reified and negotiated in the everyday experiences of low-income citizens. We argue that resilience is practised as ‘a way of being’, but in contorted ways that reflect restrictions to agency, resources and autonomy. This article makes an original contribution by exposing a current paradox within resilience as a governing agenda: it is principally pursued in ways that compromise the material and ontological security necessary for its productive potential. The article concludes by reflecting on what conceptual and applied agendas this presents for policymakers, practitioners and academics in the UK and further afield.
Two layers of graduated compression stockings can reduce healthy saphenous vein diameters in the standing position
Authors: Yang Anes , Yasaman Bahar , Parsi Yana , Kang Mina , Connor David , Parsi Kurosh
Published: February 2019

Background

Previous studies reported graduated compression stockings can reduce the calibre of deep veins in the standing subjects. However, the literature has been inconclusive on the effect of graduated compression stockings on superficial veins in standing subjects.

Objectives

To assess the effect of two layers of graduated compression stockings on the diameter of saphenous veins in healthy subjects.

Materials and methods

In 17 legs of nine healthy subjects, we studied the effect of single layering and double layering of graduated compression stockings (23–32 mmHg, Thigh High Belted Sigvaris, Switzerland) on the diameter of the great saphenous vein mid-thigh, great saphenous vein mid-calf and small saphenous vein mid-calf. The measurements were taken using duplex ultrasound (Toshiba Aplio XG 500, 18-7 MHz transducer), through the fabric using a generous amount of ultrasound gel, on subjects both supine or prone and standing.

Results

Two layers of Class II graduated compression stockings reduced the calibre of great saphenous vein mid-thigh from (4.1 mm to 3.3 mm, p < 0.05), great saphenous vein mid-calf (2.8 mm to 2.2 mm, p < 0.01) and small saphenous vein (2.7 mm to 1.9 mm, p < 0.01) in the standing position. In the supine or prone position, great saphenous vein showed narrowing but there was no measurable change in the calibre of the small saphenous vein. The degree of narrowing was measurable, but insufficient to approximate the vein walls.

Conclusion

Superimposition of two Class II graduated compression stockings reduced the calibre of the saphenous veins in the standing position but did not approximate the vein walls. In the supine or prone position, the addition of a second layer of graduated compression stockings did not result in further narrowing of the saphenous veins.
The effects of five days of intensive preoperative inspiratory muscle training on postoperative complications and outcome in patients having cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Hou Lin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xiangjing , Shao Bohan , Yuan Bo , Li Jing , Li Min , Cheng Hong , Teng Lei , Guo Mingdi , Wang Zhengqing , Chen Tienan , Liu Jianjun , Liu Yaping , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To determine the prophylactic efficacy of short-term intensive preoperative inspiratory muscle training on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery.

Design:

Single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study.

Setting:

TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, China.

Subjects:

In total, 197 subjects aged ⩾50 years scheduled for cardiac surgery were selected.

Intervention:

The intervention group ( n = 98) received five days of preoperative inspiratory muscle training on top of the usual care received by the patients in the control group ( n = 99).

Main measures:

The primary outcome variable was the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The secondary outcome variables were inspiratory muscle strength, lung function and length of hospitalization.

Results:

After cardiac surgery, a total of 10 (10.2%) of the 98 patients in the intervention group and 27 (27.3%) of 99 patients in the control group had postoperative pulmonary complications (risk ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09–0.58, P = 0.002). The study revealed that, compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength (by 10.48 cm H2O, P < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) %predicted (by 3.75%, P = 0.030), forced vital capacity (FVC) %predicted (by 4.15%, P = 0.008) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) %predicted (by 6.44%, P = 0.034). Length of hospital stay was 7.51 (2.83) days in the intervention group and 9.38 (3.10) days in the control group ( P = 0.039).

Conclusion:

A five-day intensive pattern of preoperative inspiratory muscle training reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and duration of postoperative hospitalization in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Correlations between dopaminergic dysfunction and abnormal metabolic network activity in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Huang Zhemin , Jiang Chengfeng , Li Ling , Xu Qian , Ge Jingjie , Li Ming , Guan Yihui , Wu Jianjun , Wang Jian , Zuo Chuantao , Yu Huan , Wu Ping
Published: February 2019

Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) deficiency and abnormal expression of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pattern (PDRP) have been observed in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD). This study aimed to investigate the correlations between these two measures with comparison to PD using a dual tracer imaging design. Age-matched 37 IRBD patients, 86 PD patients, and 15 control subjects underwent concurrent PET scans with 11C-CFT to quantify dopaminergic dysfunction and 18F-FDG to quantify PDRP expression. IRBD patients were divided into two subgroups: those with relatively normal (IRBD-RN) or abnormal (IRBD-AB) striatal DAT binding. Significantly decreased DAT binding and increased PDRP scores were present in all patient groups, except for IRBD-RN, relative to the controls. There was a significant effect of hemisphere and hemisphere × group interaction for DAT binding but not for PDRP expression. Significant correlations were observed between DAT binding and PDRP expression in the IRBD-AB and PD groups but not in the IRBD-RN group. IRBD patients present with an intermediate state in striatal DAT distribution and PDRP activity between PD and normal controls. The modest correlations between the two measures in both IRBD and PD suggest that differences in network activity cannot be fully explained by nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation.
Relationship between Surface-Measured Indices and In-Service Pavement Structural Conditions Predicted from Traffic Speed Deflection Devices
Authors: Zihan Zia U. A. , Elseifi Mostafa A. , Gaspard Kevin , Zhang Zhongjie
Published: February 2019

The rolling wheel deflectometer (RWD) and traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) are continuous deflection measuring devices used for structural evaluation of in-service pavements. Although recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of these devices, state agencies are inclined to believe that surface indices are generally sufficient to describe in-service pavement conditions (functional and structural conditions) and to make cost-effective maintenance and rehabilitation decisions. The main objective of this study was to assess whether the use of surface indices only or the declining rates of these indices to identify structurally damaged sections is feasible instead of relying on RWD and TSD estimated pavement structural indices. Results of the analysis showed that structural deficiency, rates of deterioration, and surface indices were correlated to a certain extent. These results were expected, as pavements that are structurally deteriorated will exhibit surface deficiencies over time. Yet, surface indices cannot be used as a reliable predictor of structural capacity. For RWD, the most accurate surface index, which was the alligator cracking surface index, erroneously identified 35% of structurally sound sections as structurally deficient and 51.5% of structurally deficient sections as structurally sound. Similar results were obtained for the TSD; in this case, the most accurate surface index, which was the random cracking index, erroneously identified 16.7% of structurally sound sections as structurally deficient and 51.0% of structurally deficient sections as structurally sound. The cost implication associated with misinterpreted sections from functional indices was investigated. The incorporation of structural indices is expected to provide significant savings to state agencies.
Pneumatic separation and recycling of anode and cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
Authors: Bi Haijun , Zhu Huabing , Zu Lei , He Shuanghua , Gao Yong , Gao Song
Published: February 2019

A novel approach to recycling of copper and aluminum fragments in the crushed products of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries was proposed to achieve their eco-friendly processing. The model of pneumatic separation that determines the optimal airflow velocity was established using aerodynamics. The influence of the airflow velocity, and the density and thickness, and their ratios, of the aluminum and copper fragments on pneumatic separation were evaluated. The results show that the optimal airflow velocities of copper and aluminum fragments with and without the electrode materials are 3.27m/s and 1.67m/s, respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the present model was verified using a pneumatic separation experiment. It is concluded that graded pneumatic separation is unnecessary for the crushed particle size more than 9 mm. The experimentally determined optimal airflow velocity of the copper and aluminum fragments with and without the electrode materials is 3.3m/s and 1.7m/s, respectively. The mass fractions of the copper and aluminum fragments upon removal of the electrode materials after pneumatic separation are 97% and 96%, respectively, and both with the electrode material achieve 97.0%. The theoretically obtained optimal airflow velocities have good agreements with the experimentally obtained ones.
E-mental health: Promising advancements in policy, research, and practice
Authors: Lal Shalini
Published: February 2019

The increasing need for mental health services in the population is posing significant challenges for the health system. It is therefore important to identify new approaches to delivering care that are sustainable and scalable in terms of reach and impact. E-mental health is one approach that shows promise in addressing the treatment gap in mental healthcare. E-mental health involves leveraging the Internet and related technologies such as smartphone apps, web sites, and social media to deliver mental health services. Over the past decade, this field has made significant advancements in Canada and internationally. In this article, the author introduces the e-mental health field and provides an overview of promising Canadian developments in relation to policy, research, and practice. In addition, the article discusses some of the challenges facing the wide-scale implementation of e-mental health and identifies priority areas of focus for health leaders to advance the field.
IPV in Rural Pennsylvania and Magisterial Courts: Case Study
Authors: Wasileski Gabriela , Poteyeva Margarita
Published: February 2019

Research on the criminal justice system’s response to the problem of intimate partner violence (IPV) largely focuses on police and prosecutorial decision making. Fewer studies are dedicated to exploring how IPV cases are processed by the courts. This study examines the perspectives of judges in the Magisterial Courts in rural counties of Pennsylvania. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 27 magisterial court judges. The findings shed light on magisterial court judges’ experiences with IPV cases, the challenges that they face and the factors that influence their determination whether the cases will be prosecuted, dismissed, or proceed to the Court of Common Pleas.
Turbulence modeling effects on the aerodynamic characterizations of a NASCAR Generation 6 racecar subject to yaw and pitch changes
Authors: Fu Chen , Bounds C Patrick , Selent Christian , Uddin Mesbah
Published: February 2019

The characterization of a racecar’s aerodynamic behavior at various yaw and pitch configurations has always been an integral part of its on-track performance evaluation in terms of lap time predictions. Although computational fluid dynamics has emerged as the ubiquitous tool in motorsports industry, a clarity is still lacking about the prediction veracity dependence on the choice of turbulence models, which is central to the prediction variability and unreliability for the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, which is by far the most widely used computational fluid dynamics methodology in this industry. Subsequently, this paper presents a comprehensive assessment of three commonly used eddy viscosity turbulence models, namely, the realizable [Formula: see text] (RKE), Abe–Kondoh–Nagano [Formula: see text], and shear stress transport [Formula: see text], in predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of a full-scale NASCAR Monster Energy Cup racecar under various yaw and pitch configurations, which was never been explored before. The simulations are conducted using the steady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes approach with unstructured trimmer cells. The tested yaw and pitch configurations were chosen in consultation with the race teams such that they reflect true representations of the racecar orientations during cornering, braking, and accelerating scenarios. The study reiterated that the prediction discrepancies between the turbulence models are mainly due to the differences in the predictions of flow recirculation and separation, caused by the individual model’s effectiveness in capturing the evolution of adverse pressure gradient flows, and predicting the onset of separation and subsequent reattachment (if there be any). This paper showed that the prediction discrepancies are linked to the computation of the turbulent eddy viscosity in the separated flow region, and using flow-visualizations identified the areas on the car body which are critical to this analysis. In terms of racecar aerodynamic performance parameter predictions, it can be reasonably argued that, excluding the prediction of the %Front prediction, shear stress transport is the best choice between the three tested models for stock-car type racecar Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics simulations as it is the only model that predicted directionally correct changes of all aerodynamic parameters as the racecar is either yawed from the 0° to 3° or pitched from a high splitter-ground clearance to a low one. Furthermore, the magnitude of the shear stress transport predicted delta force coefficients also agreed reasonably well with test results.
Experimental and simulation study of thermal accumulation in an enclosed vehicle
Authors: David Chua Sing Ngie , Chan Boon Kean , Lim Soh Fong
Published: February 2019

Thermal accumulation in a car cabin under direct exposure to sunlight can be extremely critical due to the risk of heatstroke especially to children who are left unattended in the car. There are very limited studies in the literature to understand the thermal behaviour of a car that is parked in an open car park space and the findings are mostly inconsistent among researchers. In this paper, the studies of thermal accumulation in an enclosed vehicle by experimental and computational fluid dynamics simulation approaches were carried out. An effective and economical method to reduce the heat accumulation was proposed. Different test conditions such as fully enclosed, fully enclosed with sunshade on front windshield and different combinations of window gap sizes were experimented and presented. Eight points of measurement were recorded at different locations in the car cabin and the results were used as the boundary conditions for the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation. The computational fluid dynamics software used was ANSYS FLUENT 16.0. The results showed that the application of sunshade helped to reduce thermal accumulation at car cabin by 11.5%. The optimum combination of windows gap size was found to be with 4-cm gap on all four windows which contributed to a 21.1% reduction in car cabin temperature. The results obtained from the simulations were comparable and in agreement with the experimental tests.
Formation and suppression of the instability in radial vaneless diffusers
Authors: Zhu Xiaocheng , Hu Chenxing , Du Zhaohui
Published: February 2019

The change of width radius ratio may lead to different physical mechanisms for the instabilities in vaneless diffusers. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes numerical simulations were performed and the results were used to present the mean flow. A quasi-laminar mixed approach based was applied on the vaneless diffusers with narrow and moderate width. The frequency of the perturbations in the vaneless diffuser flow with different axial widths was validated against the experimental data. Moreover, in order to reveal the wavemaker region, the structural sensitivity analysis of the vaneless diffuser flow was carried out. The sensitivity of the eigenvalue to the mean flow modifications were used to guide the flow control. The results indicate that the viscosity tends to stabilize the narrow diffusers but destabilize the moderate width diffusers. For narrow diffusers, the wavemaker regions lie at the centerline near the intersection region of boundary layers. However, the wavemaker regions lie beside the centerline for moderate width diffusers. The occurrence of instabilities may be related with the inflection point of the velocity distribution in axial direction. Given the distribution of the sensitivity to mean flow modifications, the flow control effect may be associated with the amplitude of viscosity stress at the local flow field.
Rapid ascent trajectory optimization for guided rockets via sequential convex programming
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yang Shuxing , Xiong Fenfen
Published: February 2019

A sequential convex programming algorithm is proposed to solve the complex ascent trajectory optimization problems for guided rockets in this paper. Due to the nonlinear dynamics and constraints, especially, the nonlinear thrust terms and aerodynamic drag, ascent trajectory optimization problems for guided rockets are always difficult to be solved rapidly. In this paper, first, the complex thrust terms in the dynamic equation are approximately transformed into linear (convex) functions of the angle of attack. Secondly, the nonlinear drag coefficient is transformed into a linear (convex) function of design variables by introducing two new control variables. The relaxation technique is used to relax the constraints between the control variables to avoid non- convexity, and the accuracy of the relaxation is proved using the optimal control theory. Then, nonconvex objective functions and dynamical equations are convexified by first-order Taylor expansions. At last, a sequential convex programming iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the ascent trajectory planning problem accurately and rapidly. The ascent trajectory optimization problem for the terminal velocity maximum is simulated comparing with the general pseudospectral optimal control software method, which demonstrates the effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed method.
A case report of proctitis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium in a man who has sex with men
Authors: Isabel Lázaro-Simó Anna , Esperalba-Esquerra Juliana , Vall-Mayans Martí
Published: February 2019

Mycoplasma genitalium is an infection of increasing concern due to its potential to cause sequelae in the reproductive tract and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Its role as a cause of proctitis in people with high-risk sexual behaviour has not been properly defined yet but it seems to be less symptomatic than proctitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We present a case of a man who has sex with men with proctitis associated with M. genitalium after excluding other infections known to cause STI proctitis.
Bystanders in “sketchy” sexual situations: Their constructions of the “girl,” the “guy,” and themselves
Authors: Lamb Sharon , Attwell Leah
Published: February 2019

In this paper we explore through discourse analysis the written personal narratives (vignettes) of “sketchy” sexual situations that students found themselves in as bystanders. We asked for these vignettes in a larger study examining the relationships between moral judgment/reasoning and intervening or not in situations of potential sexual assault. Through a Foulcauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA), we explore in these narratives discursive constructions, positioning of potential victims, potential perpetrators, and bystanders of sexual assault, as well as the action orientations these discourses suggest, and the implications for rape prevention programs.
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced apoptosis dependent on Fas/FasL complex in human leukocytes
Authors: Iwaniuk A , Grubczak K , Ratajczak-Wrona W , Garley M , Nowak K , Jabłońska E
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis dependent on the Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) complex in the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in human leukocytes.

Methods:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form whole blood by density centrifugation. The concentration of NDMA was assessed by cellular toxicity assay. Apoptotic cells were assessed with flow cytometry and the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins was investigated by Western blotting in PMNs and PBMCs treated with NDMA and/or FasL.

Results:

PMNs showed a higher ratio of apoptotic cells than PBMCs after exposure to NDMA and/or FasL. Enhanced apoptosis was related to the increased expression of proapoptotic proteins in neutrophils following exposure to either NDMA or FasL. In PBMCs, the relation was observed after exposure to FasL only. PMNs and PBMCs incubated with NDMA and FasL simultaneously demonstrated the highest increase in protein expression.

Conclusions:

NDMA shows a stronger proapoptotic effect with PMNs than with PBMCs. The Fas/FasL complex, along with other proapoptotic proteins of the receptor (Fas, FADD) and mitochondrial pathway (Noxa, Puma, Bim), plays a key role in the induction of neutrophil apoptosis. Synergic effects of NDMA and FasL which lead to higher induction of apoptosis in PMNs than in PBMCs indicates a multistage and varied regulation of apoptosis in different populations of leukocytes.
Optimising cure cycle of unsaturated polyester nanocomposites using directed grid search method
Authors: Poorabdollah Mehdi , Kamran Arezoo
Published: February 2019

In this research, a method is proposed for optimising cure cycle of neat unsaturated polyester (UP) resins, and UP resins containing Cloisite 20A (UP/20A), in thin parts. Using the proposed optimisation method, optimised cure cycles for both neat UP resin system and UP/20A were calculated. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis tests show that samples cured by the optimised cure cycles are slightly different from those samples cured using a long-term cure cycle in terms of structural relaxation. This confirms that the proposed optimisation method not only reduces the cure cycle duration efficiently but also preserves the quality of the samples.
Towards a Psychology of Cultural Globalisation: A Sense of Self in a Changing World
Authors: Ozer Simon
Published: February 2019

Cultural interconnectivity motivated by globalisation has transformed societies and interpersonal interactions around the world. Furthermore, on a psychological level, individuals are intensely influenced by the new contextual complexity challenging the processes of developing a sense of belonging and a sense of self. This article discusses and integrates relevant psychological theories for approaching the psychological study of cultural globalisation. This integration is done by pragmatically drawing from various psychological theories concerning cultural interaction and psychological development, specifically globalisation-based acculturation, biculturalism, dialogical self and identity theories. Two general reactions towards cultural globalisation are identified as exclusionary and integrative ways of either accepting or rejecting new cultural influences. In addition to the adaptation to cultural globalisation, an individual’s sense of self and belonging is developed through levels of cultural, social and personal identities. Furthermore, locally embedded identity challenges related to these general reaction patterns towards cultural globalisation could emerge as identity confusion and extremism. The article argues that the psychological study of cultural globalisation is an integral emerging field of research, which is appropriately developed through an integration of acculturation and identity research.
Are Classic Theories of Celebrity Endorsements Applicable to New Media Used by Arabs? A Qualitative Investigation of Saudi Social Media Users
Authors: Aljasir Shuaa
Published: February 2019

This study aims to investigate the extent to which classic celebrity endorsement theories are applicable when such endorsements are performed on interactive social media platforms. It utilizes phenomenological semi-structured interviews with 73 participants. The data analysis shows several perceived characteristics of convincing celebrity endorsements on social media from the Saudi users’ viewpoints. Trustworthiness is perceived when an endorsement discloses that it is a paid advertisement or uses indirect ways to endorse the product. When it comes to high-tech products, it is not necessary for the celebrity to be an expert in the field of the product they are endorsing, but when endorsing accessories, these celebrities should be attractive, should test the product before advertising it and should endorse a reasonable number of products. Endorsements are most acceptable from either likeable celebrities or from normal people with a reasonable number of social media followers. The results show that while some elements of classic theories of celebrity endorsements are applicable on social media platforms, others should be modified to align with new media users. A celebrity endorsement model is proposed based on the current findings.