bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances and Applications of Hybrid Graphene-Based Materials as Sorbents for Solid Phase Microextraction Techniques
Authors: Cardoso Alessandra Timóteo , Martins Rafael Oliveira , Lanças Fernando Mauro
Published: August 2024

The advancement of traditional sample preparation techniques has brought about miniaturization systems designed to scale down conventional methods and advocate for environmentally friendly analytical approaches. Although often referred to as green analytical strategies, the effectiveness of these methods is intricately linked to the properties of the sorbent utilized. Moreover, to fully embrace implementing these methods, it is crucial to innovate and develop new sorbent or solid phases that enhance the adaptability of miniaturized techniques across various matrices and analytes. Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable versatility and modification potential, making them ideal sorbents for miniaturized strategies due to their high surface area and functional groups. Their notable adsorption capability and alignment with green synthesis approaches, such as bio-based graphene materials, enable the use of less sorbent and the creation of biodegradable materials, enhancing their eco-friendly aspects towards green analytical practices. Therefore, this study provides an overview of different types of hybrid graphene-based materials as well as their applications in crucial miniaturized techniques, focusing on offline methodologies such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE), disposable pipette extraction (DPX), dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Aroma Differences between Chardonnay and a Chardonnay Bud Sport
Authors: Bao Xiaoqin , Dong Jin , Niu Min , Wang Zhilei , Xu Guoqian
Published: August 2024

Chardonnay is one of the most popular white grape wine varieties in the world, but this wine lacks typical aroma, considered a sensory defect. Our research group identified a Chardonnay bud sport with typical muscat characteristics. The goal of this work was to discover the key candidate genes related to muscat characteristics in this Chardonnay bud sport to reveal the mechanism of muscat formation and guide molecular design breeding. To this end, HS−SPME−GC−MS and RNA−Seq were used to analyze volatile organic compounds and the differentially expressed genes in Chardonnay and its aromatic bud sport. Forty-nine volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers, which included mainly aldehydes and terpenes. Geraniol, linalool, and phenylacetaldehyde were identified as the main aroma components of the mutant. The GO, KEGG, GSEA, and correlation analysis revealed HMGR, TPS1, TPS2, TPS5, novel.939, and CYP450 as key genes for terpene synthesis. MAO1 and MAO2 were significantly downregulated, but there was an increased content of phenylacetaldehyde. These key candidate genes provide a reference for the development of functional markers for muscat varieties and also provide insight into the formation mechanism of muscat aroma.
Cosmeceuticals: A Review of Clinical Studies Claiming to Contain Specific, Well-Characterized Strains of Probiotics or Postbiotics
Authors: Theodorou Ioannis M. , Kapoukranidou Dorothea , Theodorou Markos , Tsetis Joulia K. , Menni Alexandra Eleftheria , Tzikos Georgios , Bareka Stella , Shrewsbury Anne , Stavrou George , Kotzampassi Katerina
Published: August 2024

The skin serves as a critical barrier against external threats—dehydration, ultraviolet exposure, and infections—playing a significant role in internal homeostasis and moisture retention. Additionally, and equally importantly, it interacts dynamically with the complex microbiome resident in it, which is essential for maintaining skin health. Recent interest has focused on the use of probiotics and postbiotics, besides their ability to modulate the skin microbiome, to enhance barrier function, and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, to be involved in skincare, by having the potential to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance, as well as in reducing signs of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines. The products—being a combination of a cosmetic regime plus probiotic[s] or postbiotic[s]—are named cosmeceuticals. However, to comply with the regulations for the characterization of a microorganism as a specific probiotic strain, the pro- or postbiotics incorporated into the cosmetic regime should be both genetically and phenotypically defined. Thus, in this review, we present 14 published clinical trials using such cosmetic products with specific, well-characterized strains of probiotics or postbiotics applied to volunteers with healthy skin. Looking at the results of these studies collectively, we can say that these genetically and phenotypically defined strains of either live or inanimate bacteria and/or their components seem to keep the treated skin at least fully hydrated, with intact epithelial tone, increased radiance, and with decreased wrinkle depth, while normalizing the commensal skin microbiota. Future advancements in personalized skin care may lead to genomic sequencing and metabolomics to tailor probiotic and postbiotic treatments to individual skin microbiomes, promising a new frontier in cosmeceuticals.
The Prevention of Childhood Obesity Is a Priority: The Preliminary Results of the “EpPOI: Education to Prevent Childhood Obesity” Project
Authors: Porri Debora , Luppino Giovanni , Morabito Letteria Anna , La Rosa Elisa , Pepe Giorgia , Corica Domenico , Valenzise Mariella , Messina Maria Francesca , Zirilli Giuseppina , Li Pomi Alessandra , Alibrandi Angela , Di Mauro Debora , Aversa Tommaso , Wasniewska Malgorzata Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Background: The increase in childhood obesity rates represents a serious public health problem. The project “EpPOI: Education to prevent childhood obesity” is aimed at a multidisciplinary approach to raise awareness of the importance of preventing childhood obesity through lifestyle education. Methods: Two actions by experts were performed: an intervention with children in schools and a meeting for both parents and school staff. Participants completed a questionnaire structured as a Likert scale. Results: The sample size was 96 people, and awareness of the childhood obesity problem as well as the need for obesity prevention was high among respondents. We also found great interest among participants in having more information on pediatric nutrition and physical activity, with a positive correlation with age. Furthermore, the multivariate regression model configured interest in having more information on nutrition and physical activity as an independent and statistically significant predictor of awareness of childhood obesity as a current issue. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to act on childhood obesity through lifestyle prevention strategies early in life.
Correlates and Health Issues among Older Korean Immigrants Living Alone in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Jung-Eun , Jung Sun-Ok
Published: August 2024

Older Korean immigrants are one of the most understudied and marginalized Asian ethnic groups in the United States, despite their rapid population growth. Many older Korean immigrants encounter distinct challenges in assimilating into their new country as first-generation immigrants, including cultural conflict, language barriers, low economic status, and a lack of social support. These issues may be compounded for those who live alone, which is considered a negative factor in their mental and physical health. However, little is known about the correlates and health issues of older Korean immigrants living alone. This study’s objective was to explore correlates and health issues among older Korean immigrants living alone. Based on established scoping review methodology five databases, CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, SocINDEX, and Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition, were used to find relevant studies. Twelve articles were reviewed, and four major themes were identified as correlates and health issues among older Korean immigrants living alone in the United States: depression, changed family relationships, social interactions, and factors on general health and well-being. The findings have significant implications for healthcare professionals for understanding the unique culture, situation, and physical and psychosocial vulnerability of older Korean immigrants living alone.
Isothermal Technologies for HPV Detection: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Flores-Contreras Elda A. , González-González Everardo , Trujillo-Rodríguez Gerardo de Jesús , Rodríguez-Sánchez Iram P. , Ancer-Rodríguez Jesús , Pérez-Maya Antonio Alí , Alvarez-Cuevas Salomon , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L. , Marino-Martínez Iván A. , Garza-Veloz Idalia
Published: August 2024

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus transmitted through skin-to-skin contact that infects epithelial and mucosal tissue. It has over 200 known genotypes, classified by their pathogenicity as high-risk and low-risk categories. High-risk HPV genotypes are associated with the development of different types of cancers, including cervical cancer, which is a leading cause of mortality in women. In clinical practice and the market, the principal tests used to detect HPV are based on cytology, hybrid detection, and qPCR. However, these methodologies may not be ideal for the required timely diagnosis. Tests have been developed based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (INAATs) as alternatives. These tests offer multiple advantages over the qPCR, such as not requiring specialized laboratories, highly trained personnel, or expensive equipment like thermocyclers. This review analyzes the different INAATs applied for the detection of HPV, considering the specific characteristics of each test, including the HPV genotypes, gene target, the limit of detection (LOD), detection methods, and detection time. Additionally, we discuss the tests available on the market that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Finally, we address the challenges and potential solutions for the large-scale implementation of INAATs, particularly in rural or underserved areas.
Next-Generation Contraceptive Intravaginal Ring: Comparison of Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol In Vitro and In Vivo Release from 3D-Printed Intravaginal Ring and NuvaRing
Authors: Young Isabella C. , Thorson Allison L. , Cottrell Mackenzie L. , Sykes Craig , Schauer Amanda P. , Sellers Rani S. , Janusziewicz Rima , Vincent Kathleen L. , Benhabbour Soumya Rahima
Published: August 2024

Intravaginal rings (IVRs) represent a well-established, woman-controlled and sustained vaginal drug delivery system suitable for a wide range of applications. Here, we sought to investigate the differences in etonogestrel (ENG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) release from a 3D-printed IVR utilizing continuous liquid interface production (CLIP™) (referred to as CLIPLOW for low drug loading and CLIPHIGH IVRs for high drug loading) and NuvaRing, a commercially available injection molded IVR. We conducted in vitro release studies in simulated vaginal fluid to compare the release of ENG and EE from CLIPLOW IVRs and NuvaRing. CLIPLOW IVRs had a similar hormone dose to NuvaRing and exhibited slightly slower ENG release and greater EE release in vitro compared to NuvaRing. When administered to female sheep, NuvaRing demonstrated greater ENG/EE levels in plasma, vaginal tissue and vaginal fluids compared to CLIPLOW IVR despite similar drug loadings. Leveraging observed hormones levels in sheep from NuvaRing as an effective contraceptive benchmark, we developed a long-acting CLIPHIGH IVR with increased ENG and EE doses that demonstrated systemic and local hormone levels greater than the NuvaRing for 90 days in sheep. No signs of toxicity were noted regarding general health, colposcopy, or histological analysis in sheep after CLIPHIGH IVR administration. Our results provided (1) a comparison of ENG and EE release between a 3D-printed IVR and NuvaRing in vitro and in vivo, (2) a preclinical pharmacokinetic benchmark for vaginally delivered ENG and EE and (3) the generation of a 90-day CLIP IVR that will be utilized in future work to support the development of a long-acting ENG/EE IVR combined with an antiretroviral for the prevention of HIV and unplanned pregnancy.
Pectobacterium punjabense Causing Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato: The First Report in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasilyeva Anna A. , Evseev Peter V. , Ignatov Alexandr N. , Dzhalilov Fevzi S.-U.
Published: August 2024

Phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium are responsible for several diseases that affect potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production worldwide, including blackleg and tuber soft rot. These bacteria are highly diverse, with over 17 different species currently identified. However, some of the recently described species, such as Pectobacterium punjabense, are still poorly understood. In this study, we focused on P. punjabense isolates collected from diseased potato tubers in Russia in 2021. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the genomic diversity of the pathogen and determine the biochemical profiles of the isolated bacteria. The ability of these isolates to cause soft rot symptoms was tested. A comparative assessment of the potential pathogenicity of the Pectobacterium isolates was conducted by infecting potato tubers and measuring the accumulation of biomass in a liquid medium during cultivation at different temperatures. A TaqMan qPCR assay was developed for the highly sensitive and specific characterisation of P. punjabense strains, which can be used in diagnostic systems. This is the first report on P. punjabense causing potato disease in the Russian Federation.
Functional Characterization of the Paeonia ostii P5CS Gene under Drought Stress
Authors: Luan Yuting , An Honglei , Chen Zijie , Zhao Daqiu , Tao Jun
Published: August 2024

With persistent elevation in global temperature, water scarcity becomes a major threat to plant growth and development, yield security, agricultural sustainability, and food production. Proline, as a key osmolyte and antioxidant, plays a critical role in regulating drought tolerance in plants, especially its key biosynthetic enzyme, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), which always positively responds to drought stress. As an important woody oil crop, the expansion of Paeonia ostii cultivation needs to address the issue of plant drought tolerance. Here, we isolated a PoP5CS gene from P. ostii, with an open reading frame of 1842 bp encoding 613 amino acids. PoP5CS expression progressively increased in response to increasing drought stress, and it was localized in the cytoplasm. Silencing of PoP5CS in P. ostii reduced drought tolerance, accompanied by decreased proline content, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conversely, overexpression of PoP5CS in Nicotiana tabacum plants enhanced drought resistance, manifested by increased proline levels, reduced ROS accumulation, and lower REC and MDA contents. This study isolates PoP5CS from P. ostii and validates its role in regulating drought tolerance, providing valuable genetic resources and theoretical insights for the development of drought-resistant P. ostii cultivars.
Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth): Current Status, Disease Management Strategies, and Future Prospects
Authors: Sayiprathap B. R. , Patibanda A. K. , Mantesh Muttappagol , Hiremath Shridhar , Sagar N. , Reddy C. N. Lakshminarayana , Jahir Basha C. R. , Diwakar Reddy S. E. , Kasi Rao M. , Nair R. M. , Sudini H. K.
Published: August 2024

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is one of the important grain legume crops cultivated in the semi-arid tropics, playing a crucial role in the economic well-being of subsistence farmers. India is the major producer of pigeonpea, accounting for over 75% of the world’s production. Sterility mosaic disease (SMD), caused by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) and transmitted by the eriophyid mite (Aceria cajani), is a major constraint to pigeonpea cultivation in the Indian subcontinent, leading to potential yield losses of up to 100%. The recent characterization of another Emaravirus associated with SMD has further complicated the etiology of this challenging viral disease. This review focuses on critical areas, including the current status of the disease, transmission and host-range, rapid phenotyping techniques, as well as available disease management strategies. The review concludes with insights into the future prospects, offering an overview and direction for further research and management strategies.
Characterization of Genetic Variability of Common and Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Balážová Želmíra , Čišecká Lucia , Gálová Zdenka , Hromadová Zuzana , Chňapek Milan , Pipan Barbara , Meglič Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Buckwheat is a highly nutritional pseudocereal with antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of 21 varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) and 14 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) using microsatellite markers. By analyzing 21 SSR markers, an average of 11.6 alleles per locus were amplified and an average PIC value of 0.711 was determined. We determined the heterozygous status of the individuals and variability in the set using the SSR analysis on the basis of expected heterozygosity (He, 0.477), observed heterozygosity (Ho, 0.675), Shannon’s index (I, 0.820), and fixation indices (FST, FIS, FIT). Based on the SSR analyses, the lower level of expected heterozygosity in the analyzed set of Tartary buckwheat genotypes was observed compared to common buckwheat. With the help of a hierarchical cluster analysis using the UPGMA algorithm, Structure analysis, and PCoA analysis for the SSR markers, we divided the buckwheat varieties in the dendrogram into two main clusters according to the species. The AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variability between the individuals prevails in the analyzed set. The SSR technique proved to be a suitable tool for the determination of intra- and inter-varietal genetic variability and for analysis of diversity.
Mechanical and Processing Properties of Plasticised PVC/Wood Composites
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof , Altmajer Piotr , Borkowska Zuzanna , Skórczewska Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

The paper presents the results of testing the properties of wood–polymer composites (WPC) based on plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-P). Materials with variable contents of wood filler (Arbocel C 320) or plasticiser (di-isononyl phthalate) were produced and then analysed. The share of wood flour in the material was up to 50 phr, and the plasticiser content was up to 40 phr. Functional properties, such as tensile properties, mechanical properties at variable temperature (DMTA), and water absorption, as well as processing properties such as rheological properties and analysis of the fusion process, were analysed. The influences of wood flour and plasticiser on the composites’ properties in the solid and melted state were found. For example, with 40 phr of plasticiser, increasing the filler share from 0 phr to 50 phr resulted in an increased tensile modulus from 18 MPa to 274 MPa and viscosity at a share rate of 20 s−1, from 721 Pa·s to 1581 Pa·s. However, increasing the share of plasticiser from 20 phr to 40 phr with 30 phr of filler reduces the value of these properties from 1760 MPa to 112 MPa and from 2768 Pa·s to 1151 Pa·s, respectively. It was also found that increasing the share of wood flour in the composite noticeably reduces the effectiveness of the plasticiser.
Benefits of Core–Shell Particles over Single-Metal Coatings: Mechanical and Chemical Exposure and Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: Poelzl Sabine , Augl Stefan , Schwan Alexander Michael , Chwatal Simon , Lackner Jürgen Markus , Kittinger Clemens
Published: August 2024

One of the greatest challenges worldwide is containing the spread of problematic microorganisms. A promising approach is the use of antimicrobial coatings (AMCs). The antimicrobial potential of certain metals, including copper and zinc, has already been verified. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate and aluminum (PET-Al) foils were coated with copper, zinc, and a combination of these two metals, known as core–shell particles, respectively. The resistance of the three different types of coatings to mechanical and chemical exposure was evaluated in various ways. Further, the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteriophage ϕ6 were used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the coatings. The best efficacy was achieved with the pure copper coating, which was not convincing in the abrasion tests. The result was a considerable loss of copper particles on the surfaces and reduced effectiveness against the microorganisms. The core–shell particles demonstrated better adhesion to the surfaces after abrasion tests and against most chemical agents. In addition, the antimicrobial efficiency remained more stable after the washability treatment. Thus, the core–shell particles had several benefits over the pure copper and zinc coatings. In addition, the best core–shell loading for durability and efficacy was determined in this study.
Single Dental Implant Restoration: Cemented or Screw-Retained? A Systematic Review of Multi-Factor Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , D’Amico Cesare , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Cicciù Marco , Cervino Gabriele
Published: August 2024

Background: Dental implant rehabilitation has significantly advanced prosthodontics by providing a reliable, long-lasting solution for missing teeth. This systematic review compares the clinical, technical, and biological outcomes of cemented versus screw-retained single dental implant restorations based on randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: This review included recent human and in vitro studies focusing on the keywords “cemented vs. screw-retained” and “dental implant”. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, which investigated parameters, including implant survival rate, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth, plaque index, marginal bone loss (MBL), cytokine concentrations, mechanical complications, esthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, treatment time, and technical failures. Results: The primary outcomes, BOP and MBL, did not statistically differ between cemented and screw-retained implants (p-values for MBL and BOP are 0.5813 and 0.8093, respectively). The reviewed studies, including RCTs, split-mouth studies, and clinical evaluations, demonstrated comparable clinical, technical, and biological outcomes between the two restoration methods. Conclusions: Screw-retained and cemented dental implant restorations exhibit similar clinical, technical, and biological outcomes. Screw-retained restorations offer advantages such as retrievability, ease of repair, and predictable passive fit, while cemented restorations provide superior esthetics. The risk of peri-implant complications due to residual cement in cemented restorations must be considered. Future research should explore long-term stability and the impact of different prosthetic protocols on peri-implant health.
Relationship between Semantic Memory and Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Pérez-Flores Javier , Nieto Antonieta , Delgado Ofelia
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the relationship between semantic memory and social cognition in schizophrenia. The sample included 50 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age 42.54, SD 9.98; 14 women, 36 men) and 30 controls (mean age 42.06, SD 12.50; 6 women, 24 men). Semantic memory was assessed using verbal fluency and the Camel and Cactus Test, while social cognition was evaluated through the Face Test and the Hinting Task. The schizophrenia group showed significantly lower performance in both semantic memory (semantic fluency: t(78) = 7.77, p < 0.007, δ = 1.79; Camel and Cactus Test: t(78) = 5.37, p < 0.007, δ = 1.26) and social cognition (Face Test: t(78) = 5.94, p < 0.007, δ = 1.34; Hinting Task: t(78) = 7.79, p < 0.007, δ = 1.79). Strong correlations were observed between the Camel and Cactus Test and social cognition measures (Face Test: r = 0.63, p < 0.005; Hinting Task: r = 0.54, p < 0.005). Regression analyses indicated that the Camel and Cactus Test significantly predicted social cognition performance independent of symptomatology, explaining 53% of the variance in the Face Test and 54% in the Hinting Task. This study provides new insights into the cognitive underpinnings of schizophrenia, emphasizing the need for further research to explore these relationships and their implications for cognitive models and therapeutic interventions.
Hospitalizations for Suicidal Events: Reiteration Risk—The Experience in the Veneto Region, Italy
Authors: Cocchio Silvia , Tremolada Giulia , Cogo Nicola , Cozzolino Claudia , Saia Mario , Tonon Michele , Russo Francesca , Furlan Patrizia , Fonzo Marco , Baldo Vincenzo
Published: August 2024

Suicidality poses a significant public health threat and stands as a leading cause of death and disability. Aside from committed suicides, a substantial portion of suicidal behaviors comprises suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. These events may be characterized by a non-fatal outcome, shedding light on the possibility of recurrence. The objectives of the present study were to assess hospitalization rate trends related to any suicidal event and to elucidate the risk factors associated with recurrent suicidal behaviors. In this population-based study, an observational descriptive analysis was conducted on all hospital discharge forms (HDRs, Italian SDO) registered for the residents of the Veneto Region from 2012 to 2021. Cases of attempted suicide (AS) and suicidal ideation (SI) were defined according to ICD coding. Age-standardized hospitalization rates were computed with the direct method. Join Point Regression was used to assess the significance of variations in trends. Factor risks for the reiteration of suicidal behaviors were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Higher prevalence of SI occurred among individuals under 40 years of age and those affected by psychiatric disorders. Conversely, among individuals aged 60 and above, AS was more common. SI turned out to be associated with a higher likelihood of reiteration compared to AS. Individuals suffering from personality disorders and those with a history of AS as index case exhibited increased risk for the reiteration of AS. Females, younger individuals, and individuals experiencing SI as first episode were instead identified as more likely to repeat this form of suicidal behavior. Contemporary economic and environmental crises, a recent pandemic, and numerous conflicts represent significant additional menaces to mental well-being. Our analysis highlights a concerning positive trend in suicide attempts and ideations, underscoring the imperative for Public Health Systems to implement targeted preventive strategies and mental health promotion campaigns. In the absence of structured suicide registries, we demonstrated that HDRs can serve as an invaluable foundation for preventionists to address the phenomenon and strategically plan interventions.
Exploring Regulatory Properties of Genes Associated with Nonsyndromic Male Infertility
Authors: Hristov Daniela , Stojanov Done
Published: August 2024

In this study, we analyzed the regulatory properties of 26 (twenty-six) genes associated with nonsyndromic male infertility. We applied an in silico analysis in order to determine the number and distribution of promoters and identify relevant promoter consensus sequences and potential transcription factors. Underlining the concept of alternative transcriptional initiation (ATI), we have found that 65.4% of genes associated with nonsyndromic male infertility have 1 (one) to 6 (six) promoters, located in the region 1 kb upstream of the TSS, and 41% of them are located at a position below −500 bp. Although the TATA box consensus sequence TAWAAA, such as W is A or T, appears at a common location in all genes, it is shifted for at least 10 bp in the EFCAB9 gene. The C2H2 zinc finger is found to be the most significant common transcription factor, binding genes’ promoters GLIS1, ZSCAN21, GLIS3, GLIS1, ZNF770, ZNF780A, ZNF81, and ZNF264. On the other hand, basic leucine zipper factors (bZIPs) bind the JUNB gene promoter specifically, exhibiting unique regulatory properties of all genes associated with nonsyndromic male infertility. Two genes, NANOS1 and ZMYND15, are expected to be less susceptible to DNA methylation, due to the high density of CpG content found in their promoter regions.
An Improved Multi-Target Tracking Method for Space-Based Optoelectronic Systems
Authors: Zhu Rui , Fu Qiang , Wen Guanyu , Wang Xiaoyi , Liu Nan , Wang Liyong , Li Yingchao , Jiang Huilin
Published: August 2024

Under space-based observation conditions, targets are subject to a large number of stars, clutter, false alarms, and other interferences, which can significantly impact the traditional Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filtering method, leading to tracking biases. To enhance the capability of the traditional GM-PHD method for multi-target tracking in space-based platform observation scenarios, in this article, we propose a GM-PHD algorithm based on spatio-temporal pipeline filtering and enhance the conventional spatio-temporal pipeline filtering method. The proposed algorithm incorporates two key enhancements: firstly, by adaptively adjusting the pipeline’s central position through target state prediction, it ensures continuous target tracking while eliminating noise; secondly, by computing trajectory similarity to distinguish stars from targets, it effectively mitigates stellar interference in target tracking. The proposed algorithm realizes a more accurate estimation of the target by constructing a target state pipeline using the time series and correlating multiple frames of data to achieve a smaller optimal sub-pattern assignment (OSPA) distance and a higher tracking accuracy compared with the traditional algorithm. Through simulations and real-world data validation, the algorithm showcased its capability for multi-target tracking in a space-based context, outperforming traditional methods and effectively addressing the challenge of stellar interference in space-based multi-target tracking.
Dual-Band Antenna with Pattern and Polarization Diversity
Authors: Mo Jungmin , Sung Youngje
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a pattern–diversity antenna with different radiation patterns at two different frequency bands (f1 and f2; f1: broadside radiation pattern, f2: conical radiation pattern). The proposed structure consists of a central circular antenna and two annular ring antennas, with each of the antennas having individual ports. Two of the ports (port 1 and port 3) exhibit orthogonal broadside radiation patterns at low bands, and the other two ports (port 1 and port 2) exhibit orthogonal conical radiation patterns at high bands. Thus, they have polarization diversity characteristics. To improve isolation between the ports, the inner part of the annular ring antennas is shorted by an array, and the outermost port is positioned orthogonal to the other ports. Using this configuration, the isolation values between the ports are −26.7 and −30.1 dB at the two frequency bands, respectively. Using the fabricated prototype, experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves −10 dB bandwidths of 240 MHz (5.71–5.95 GHz) and 210 MHz (7.69–7.9 GHz) at f1 and f2, respectively.
Development and Performance Study of Composite Protein Foaming Agent Based on Human Hair Residue
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Du Shuaiqi , Han Linxiu , Feng Xiaojun , Yang Ming
Published: August 2024

The instability and collapse of boreholes during coal seam gas extraction significantly affect the effectiveness of gas extraction. In response, this study selected human hair residue as the base material for composite protein foaming agents, leveraging the high protein content of animal hoof and hair materials to develop a high-strength, high-permeability, and environmentally friendly new type of foam concrete. This research found that the optimal ratio of foaming agent base solution to water is 1:4 when sodium hydroxide is used for protein hydrolysis. Comparing the foaming effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), α-sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (SLS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (SLS) exhibited the best foaming performance, while α-sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) had the best foam stability. The optimal foam performance was achieved by mixing 2.0 g per liter of sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and 0.3% calcium stearate. The experimental results showed that this foam concrete, with 25 mL of foaming agent, has a high strength exceeding 11 MPa and a high permeability with an average of 2.13 MD. This paper utilizes environmentally friendly materials and preparation processes. By using renewable resources such as human hair residue as raw materials, it helps reduce the dependence on natural resources and promotes sustainable development. This research demonstrates significant sustainability and provides the mining industry with an eco-friendly and efficient solution, with the potential to achieve positive economic and environmental benefits in practical applications.
Assessment of Theoretical and Test Performance Considerations of Concentrated Solar Water Purification System “Parabosol” in Underserved Regions
Authors: Gürsu Hakan
Published: August 2024

Water is a fundamental human right and a prerequisite for sustainable development because it is an essential element of existence. Notwithstanding, a huge part of the world’s population continues to face challenges in accessing clean and safe drinking water. This situation is particularly pronounced in arid and underdeveloped regions where there is a global water crisis that is a huge threat to human health, economic development, and environmental stability. Designed with solar energy, the award-winning “Parabosol” enhances water evaporation and purifies it simultaneously. Parabosol does not require any expensive machines or complicated infrastructural frameworks, making it both cost-effective and efficient for such vulnerable communities. Transporting it easily allows for quick deployment in remote areas during emergencies, ensuring a clean, dependable water supply for basic household use. This innovative measure, which reduces the risk of waterborne diseases and increases access to safe water resources within communities, could greatly contribute to public health promotion efforts. It is intended for daily performance that corresponds to the minimum needs of one family unit (no less than 35 L per person). The processing capacity of each station varies between 120 and 180 L of water per day (depending on geographical and environmental conditions), depending on geographical and meteorological (solar radiation values) factors. However, experimental values are around 250 L. Parabosol illustrates a novel model with its distinctive design and functionality, highlighting the critical role of clean energy in the development of a more sustainable and resilient future. Additionally, unlike macrosystems that require a substantial initial investment and ongoing operating costs, Parabosol is a portable solution that has the potential to address the issue of clean water scarcity in the future.
Structural Changes in Chile’s Industries to Reduce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: An Emissions Multiplier Product Matrix Analysis (eMPM)
Authors: Soza-Amigo Sergio , Doussoulin Jean Pierre
Published: August 2024

Most countries in the world have agreed to reduce their emissions following the COP21 agreement in Paris, and as a result, each nation has presented suitable plans to do so. Chile is not an exception in this regard. This article examines the emissions of Chilean industries using the emission multiplier product matrix (eMPM), a cutting-edge method that estimates the pollution caused by inter-industrial activity in the country’s regions by integrating CO2 emissions with multi-region input–output table (MRIO) databases and elasticities. This approach connects the major emissions-producing sectors to the regions where these emissions come from, thereby accounting for existing interregional linkages. The application of technology, along with adequate state regulation in compliance with Chile’s pledges, acquired following the COP25 call, will decide the level of improvement in emissions reduction.
Reporting Corporate Risk: An Empirical Inquiry into Listed Entities in the Saudi Capital Market
Authors: Al-Sahali Samihah , Al-Adeem Khalid
Published: August 2024

A capital market with greater transparency provides more accurate metrics for measuring corporate performance, which can be utilized to inform market participants’ decisions. Informed risk is crucial to corporate reporting transparency. This empirical study explores the extent to which firms in the Saudi capital market disclose risk information, whether financial or non-financial. A risk disclosure index (RDI) is constructed based on a rigorous literature review of previous studies, considering suggested items related to corporate risk that must be disclosed. The sample comprises 50 corporations, with five companies representing the energy sector, three representing the utility sector, and forty-two representing the materials sector. The findings reveal moderate financial risk disclosure (sample mean 56%) and low non-financial risk disclosure (sample mean 33%) in the Saudi capital market. In the energy sector, the disclosed financial and non-financial risks comprise 57% and 37%, respectively; in the utility sector, these proportions are 56% and 31%, while in the materials sector, they are 54% and 33%, respectively. Regulators should prioritize high-quality, transparent, and comparable risk information disclosure to attract direct foreign investment. To improve their risk disclosure, managers of firms can also employ the RDI to examine the extent of risk their companies face. This study is limited to the annual and board reports of companies in the three sectors.
Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals into Corporate Governance: A Cross-Sectoral Analysis of Japanese Companies
Authors: Carneiro Ludmila Soares , Henry Michael
Published: August 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become a guiding framework for the public and private sectors. For companies, the SDGs offer a way to create value for investors while addressing local and global issues. Japan has embraced the SDGs to demonstrate its commitment to sustainable development but, despite its high ranking, faces challenges in improving its performance. This study aims to investigate how Japanese companies are considering the SDGs in their corporate governance. Using a database of corporate social responsibility activities in 1630 companies, the degree to which the 17 SDGs are being integrated was examined across 33 industrial sectors. Next, hierarchical clustering on principal components was applied and identified four distinct patterns in the integration of the SDGs, ranging from almost no consideration of the SDGs to the nearly full consideration of all 17 goals, with two transitionary patterns in between. Some sectors strongly tended to belong to one pattern of SDG integration, while other sectors exhibited more variability. While the direct implications of this study may be limited to the context of Japan, the methodologies and outcomes point to future research that could lead to a better understanding of how the SDGs are being approached by the private sector.
Performance and Sustainability of Organic and Conventional Cotton Farming Systems in Egypt: An Environmental and Energy Assessment
Authors: Mehmeti Andi , Abdelhafez Ahmed Abdelwahab M. , Ellssel Pierre , Todorovic Mladen , Calabrese Generosa
Published: August 2024

Cotton cultivation is resource-intensive, posing significant environmental challenges, especially with conventional farming methods. Growing interest in sustainable agriculture drives the exploration of organic farming as a potential alternative with lower environmental impacts. Despite its benefits, organic farming often faces criticism for lower crop yields, sparking debates on the trade-offs between productivity and environmental impact. This study hypothesizes that organic cotton farming will have a smaller environmental footprint and higher energy efficiency compared to conventional methods. To test this hypothesis, a cradle-to-farm gate energy analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) were conducted on both organic and conventional seed cotton production systems in the Beheira governorate of Egypt. The ReCiPe 2016 midpoint and endpoint characterization model was used for an environmental impact assessment. The impacts were evaluated using two functional units: one ton of seed cotton and one hectare of cultivated cotton. The findings revealed that organic cotton outperforms conventional cotton in net energy gain, efficiency, and profitability, with higher productivity and lower energy intensity. Regardless of the functional unit used (mass- or land-based), the assessed organic systems generally show a better environmental performance than the conventional systems in the local context, even when accounting for data uncertainty. This is due to lower input intensity and the use of less energy-intensive organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers. Fertilization and irrigation are key factors influencing environmental impacts, with fertilization affecting midpoint impacts and irrigation affecting endpoint impacts. Therefore, precision fertilization, efficient irrigation practices, and effective nutrient and soil moisture management are recommended to minimize environmental impacts. Subsequent studies could explore whether similar patterns are observed in different geographic regions and evaluate additional social and economic aspects of cotton sustainability beyond environmental impacts. Future agricultural LCAs should use both mass-based and area-based functional units to capture a broader range of environmental effects and evaluate the co-benefits and trade-offs between organic and conventional practices.
Advanced Bimodal Skew-Symmetric Distributions: Methodology and Application to Cancer Cell Protein Data
Authors: Alomair Gadir , Salinas Hugo S. , Bakouch Hassan S. , Okorie Idika E. , Albalawi Olayan
Published: August 2024

This paper explores bimodal skew-symmetric distributions, a versatile family of distributions characterized by parameters that control asymmetry and kurtosis. These distributions encapsulate both symmetrical and well-known asymmetrical behaviors. A simulation study evaluates the model’s estimation accuracy, detailing the score function and the robustness of the observed information matrix, which is proven to be non-singular under specific conditions. We apply the bimodal skew-normal model to protein data from cancer cells, comparing its performance against four established distributions supported on the entire real line. Results indicate superior performance by the proposed model, underscoring its potential for enhancing analytical precision in biological research.
Exploring Intrinsic Motivation and Mental Well-Being in Private Higher Educational Systems: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Qureshi Fayyaz , Khawaja Sarwar , Sokić Katarina , Pejić Bach Mirjana , Meško Maja
Published: August 2024

In the realm of digital transformation, effective leadership and motivation are pivotal for organisations navigating the complexities of today’s systems. This study explores the intersection of intrinsic motivation and mental well-being among mature students—an analogy that sheds light on strategies applicable to organisational contexts. In developed nations like the UK, mental health for mature students is increasingly recognised as a crucial component of their educational journey. Mature students, who typically enrol in higher education after an educational gap and upon turning 21, often face specific challenges that can impact their mental well-being while pursuing academic goals. The primary objective of our study was to assess the relationship between intrinsic motivation and the mental well-being of mature students. The study included 248 full-time undergraduate mature students enrolled in private higher education institutions in the UK. These participants were 21 years and older. The research employed two measurement scales: the four-item Intrinsic Motivation Scale, adapted from Jaramillo, and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Data collection utilised online Google Forms with multiple choice self-report formatted questions, and our analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Our research revealed a significant positive correlation between variables of intrinsic motivation and mental well-being. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results confirmed the construct in the model. The results indicated that intrinsic motivation significantly predicts mental well-being among mature students (Cohen’s effect size value, f2 = 0.54). Recognising and addressing the unique difficulties individuals encounter and providing appropriate support can enhance their well-being and contribute to the overall success of the higher education community.
Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations
Authors: Portillo Canek , Martinez-Bauset Jorge , Pla Vicent , Casares-Giner Vicente
Published: August 2024

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing devices are considered to be core components of the Internet of Things (IoT). The performance modeling of IoT–WSN is of key importance to better understand, deploy, and manage this technology. As sensor nodes are battery-constrained, a fundamental issue in WSN is energy consumption. Additional issues also arise in heterogeneous scenarios due to the coexistence of sensor nodes with different features. In these scenarios, the modeling process becomes more challenging as an efficient orchestration of the sensor nodes must be achieved to guarantee a successful operation in terms of medium access, synchronization, and energy conservation. We propose a novel methodology to determine the energy consumed by sensor nodes deploying a recently proposed synchronous duty-cycled MAC protocol named Priority Sink Access MAC (PSA-MAC). We model the operation of a WSN with two classes of sensor devices by a pair of two-dimensional Discrete-Time Markov Chains (2D-DTMC), determine their stationary probability distribution, and propose new expressions to compute the energy consumption based solely on the obtained stationary probability distribution. This new approach is more systematic and accurate than previously proposed ones. The new methodology to determine energy consumption takes into account different specific features of the PSA-MAC protocol as: (i) the synchronization among sensor nodes; (ii) the normal and awake operation cycles to ensure synchronization among sensor nodes and energy conservation; (iii) the two periods that compose a full operation cycle: the data and sleep periods; (iv) two transmission schemes, SPT (single packet transmission) and APT (aggregated packet transmission) (v) the support of multiple sensor node classes; and (vi) the support of different priority assignments per class of sensor nodes. The accuracy of the proposed methodology has been validated by an independent discrete-event-based simulation model, showing that very precise results are obtained.