bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of stilbenes against insulin resistance: A review
Authors: Shazmeen  , Haq Iahtisham‐Ul , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Asim Shabbir Muhmmad , Umair Muhammad , llah Inam‐u , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Nemat Arash , Abid Muhammad , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Insulin resistance (IR) is a state characterized by the inability of tissues to utilize blood glucose particularly liver, muscle, and adipose tissues resulting in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. A close relationship exists between IR and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat IR also improve T2D simultaneously. Scientific evidence has highlighted the major role of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), environmental & genetic factors, and auto‐immune disorders in the pathophysiology of IR. Among therapeutic remedies, nutraceuticals like polyphenols are being used widely to ameliorate IR due to their safer nature compared to pharmaceutics. Stilbenes are considered important metabolically active polyphenols currently under the limelight of research to cope with IR. In this review, efforts are made to elucidate cellular and subcellular mechanisms influenced by stilbenes including modulating insulin signaling cascade, correcting glucose transport pathways, lowering postprandial glucose levels, and protecting β‐cell damage and its effects on the hyperactive immune system and proinflammatory cytokines to attenuate IR. Furthermore, future directions to further the research in stilbenes as a strong candidate against IR are included so that concrete recommendation for their use in humans is made.
Effect of protein and carbohydrate distribution among meals on quality of life, sleep quality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nouripour Fatemeh , Mazloom Zohreh , Fararouei Mohammad , Zamani Ali
Published: September 2021

Background/Objectives

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a lower quality of life and sleep compared with healthy individuals. Nutrition therapy has an important role in the management of diabetes and can improve inflammation and quality of life in patients with diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high‐protein versus high‐carbohydrate intake during evening meal on quality of life, sleep quality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects/Methods

This is a 10‐week randomized controlled trial. 96 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned into one of the following three groups: standard evening meal (ST), high‐carbohydrate evening meal (HC), and high‐protein evening meal (HP). The effect of these diets was examined on high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, malondialdehyde, quality of life, and sleep quality.

Results

Sleep quality improved significantly in all groups (p < .05). The quality of life and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein improved in all groups except for the HP group (p < .05). Serum malondialdehyde level did not change significantly throughout the study (p > .05).

Conclusions

Small manipulation of protein and carbohydrate distribution among the meals might not affect sleep quality. A diet with an even distribution of macronutrients among the meals or with a higher percentage of carbohydrates in the evenings can improve the quality of life and reduce inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, while a diet with a higher percentage of protein in the evenings may not improve it.
On the incorporation of a micromechanical material model into the inherent strain method—Application to the modeling of selective laser melting
Authors: Noll Isabelle , Bartel Thorsten , Menzel Andreas
Published: September 2021

When developing reliable and useful models for selective laser melting processes of large parts, various simplifications are necessary to achieve computationally efficient simulations. Due to the complex processes taking place during the manufacturing of such parts, especially the material and heat source models influence the simulation results. If accurate predictions of residual stresses and deformation are desired, both complete temperature history and mechanical behavior have to be included in a thermomechanical model. In this article, we combine a multiscale approach using the inherent strain method with a newly developed phase transformation model. With the help of this model, which is based on energy densities and energy minimization, the three states of the material, namely, powder, molten, and resolidified material, are explicitly incorporated into the thermomechanically fully coupled finite‐element‐based process model of the micromechanically motivated laser heat source model and the simplified layer hatch model.
Frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors in middle‐aged and older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings from the German Ageing Survey
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Previous studies have examined the association between frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors (in terms of loneliness, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). However, far less is known about such a link during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly based on nationally representative samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine this association among middle‐aged/older adults.

Methods/Design

Data were taken from the short survey of the German Ageing Survey (June/July 2020, 3134 individuals in the analytical sample). The De Jong Gierveld scale was used to quantify loneliness, the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used to quantify life satisfaction and the 10‐item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression was used to quantify depressive symptoms.

Results

Regressions showed that—compared to daily users—less frequent users of the internet for contact with friends and relatives reported increased loneliness, lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms. With regard to covariates, better psychosocial factors were associated with medium education (compared to low education), living with partner in the same household (compared to singles), better self‐rated health, and favourable COVID‐19 factors (in terms of decreased feeling that the Corona crisis is a threat for oneself, not having an infection with the coronavirus and an increased feeling that you can influence an infection with the coronavirus yourself).

Conclusions

Data suggest that individuals with a high frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet reported better psychosocial factors. Future research in other cultural settings are required.
Oral lymphatic malformations: A multicenter study of 208 cases and literature review
Authors: Meirelles Daniela P. , do Couto Aline Maria , Silva Leni V. O. , Abreu Lucas G. , de Sousa Suzana C. O. M. , Custódio Marcos , Tarquinio Sandra B. C. , Batista Aline C. , Mendonça Elismauro F. , Libório‐Kimura Tatiana N. , Louredo Brendo V. R. , Romañach Mário J. , de Andrade Bruno A. B. , Nonaka Cassiano F. W. , Alves Pollianna M. , de Sena Luana S. B. , Mesquita Ricardo A. , de Aguiar Maria C. F.
Published: September 2021

Background

To evaluate the frequency and analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with a histopathological diagnosis of oral lymphatic malformations (OLMs).

Methods

A multicenter study was performed, collecting biopsy record data from a consortium of Brazilian Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Centers. A review was also conducted to compare this data with cases already available in the literature.

Results

This study retrieved 208 cases of OLM in the multicenter study and 1035 cases in the literature review. In both, OLMs affected male and female individuals equally, with the most affected site being the tongue. Individuals ≥60 years of age were uncommonly affected. Symptomatic and larger lesions were more commonly reported in the literature review.

Conclusions

This study comprises the largest sample of OLMs to date. OLMs are rare conditions, without sex predilection. The elderly proved to be less frequently affected, and the tongue is the most commonly affected site.
Proteomic profiling of saliva reveals association of complement system with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Li Mingde , Qi Yajun , Wang Guizhen , Bu Su , Chen Ming , Yu Jiahui , Luo Tianyang , Meng Lulu , Dai Anran , Zhou Yong , Liu Shuai , Huo Xingxing
Published: September 2021

Introduction

To compare the saliva proteomes of experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS) model mice and healthy controls to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods

Proteins were extracted from the saliva of three ESS and three normal control mice using the data‐independent acquisition technique. R language was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to functionally annotate the DEPs. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core proteins were identified with the STRING website and Cytoscape software. The concentrations of Serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1), C3, complement factor H (CFH), fibrinogen alpha (FGA), and fibrinogen gamma (FGG) in saliva were determined by ELISA.

Results

A total of 1722 DEPs were identified in the saliva of the ESS mice relative to the controls, of which 50 showed significantly different expression levels between the two groups. SERPING1, C3, CFH, FGA, and FGG were significantly downregulated, and keratin 4 (Krt4) and transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) were upregulated in the saliva of ESS mice. The PPI network showed that SERPING1, C3, FGG, FGA, TGM3, and hemopexin (HPX) were the core proteins. ELISA results showed that the expression of C3, CFH, FGA, and SERPING1 were significantly downregulated in the saliva of ESS mice. However, the expression of FGG was a little downregulated but with no significant difference. SERPING1, FGG, and FGA may downregulate the complement C3 by inhibiting immune complement system, thereby promoting pSS progression.

Conclusions

The salivary proteome of ESS mice was markedly different from that of healthy controls, suggesting that salivary proteomics is a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool for pSS. SERPING1, C3, CFH, FGA, and FGG are potential biomarkers of pSS.
Stereochemistry and Twisted Crystals
Authors: Killalea Catherine E. , Amabilino David B.
Published: September 2021

This review article discusses a link between stereochemistry and structural and morphological chirality. We present the remarkably frequent, but less often reported, growth of twisted crystals and discuss the reasons for their formation and ways to favor their growth. The more commonly encountered conglomerates and racemic compounds can be formed by achiral molecules, but the emergence of morphological chirality is often not considered in this context and perhaps deserves attention. Twisted crystals are known for a wide variety of materials, molecular and macromolecular, complexes and oxides, and so on. In growing crystals, twisting of lamellae because of strain generated during growth eventually unwinds in larger objects, and may not be detected. This kind of chiral morphology arising from low symmetry growth, and the challenges and opportunities for research in the area, are highlighted. In particular, the link between structural bending in supramolecular aggregates in solution or at interfaces, chiral nanofilaments in liquid crystals, and chiral polymers, is discussed.
Uncertainty‐guided self‐ensembling model for semi‐supervised segmentation of multiclass retinal fluid in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Wang Shaocheng , Cao Jun , Zhang Ying , Wang Man
Published: September 2021

Macular edema is the accumulation of fluid leakage from retinal capillaries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images can show changes in the retinal tissue caused by ophthalmological diseases, such as fluid accumulation. Therefore, the segmentation of retinal fluid is important. Some methods based on image processing and machine learning often require large amounts of labeled data and rich domain knowledge. This study proposes a self‐ensembling semi‐supervised model based on uncertainty guidance, namely, UGNet. The model is trained end‐to‐end with a few labeled data and plenty of unlabeled data, and contains a teacher model and a student model with the same architecture. The two models consist of an encoder and three decoders, which are used to predict the probability map, contour map, and distance map. The segmentation result is the fusion result of the three maps generated by the student model. The selective kernel module (SKM) is embedded in the decoder to make the model adaptively adjust the receptive field according to the size of the fluid. The uncertainty of teacher model evaluation guides the student model to learn more reliable knowledge. The proposed method is trained and evaluated on the RETOUCH challenge dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves better segmentation results than other start‐of‐the‐art methods.
Using infrared thermography to help maintain pig health
Authors: Escuredo Juan A Mesonero , Carr John , Dizon Ronald , Howells Mark
Published: September 2021

Background: Infrared thermography can aid in the early detection of both clinical disease of pigs and failure of correct environmental management of the unit.

Aim of the article: This article aims to illustrate to practitioners the benefits of using infrared cameras as a routine tool in the examination of pigs and their environment, and how the images produced can be used to help educate the farm health team and identify areas where improvements are needed to ensure that the health, wellbeing and welfare of the pigs is maintained.
Diagnosing and treating chronic vomiting in cats
Authors: Sorrell Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Background: Vomiting is a common presenting complaint in feline medicine, and given the multitude of possible differentials, it is essential that clinicians are able to formulate a rationale diagnostic and treatment plan for each individual patient.

Aim of the article: This article aims to help practitioners understand the common underlying aetiologies of chronic vomiting in cats and how to formulate a logical diagnostic plan. It focuses on some of the common causes of chronic vomiting in cats and discusses diagnostic and treatment options for these conditions.
Evidence for Involvement of Nonclassical Pathways in the Protection From UV‐Induced DNA Damage by Vitamin D–Related Compounds
Authors: De Silva Warusavithana Gunawardena Manori , Han Jeremy Zhuo Ru , Yang Chen , Tongkao‐On Wannit , McCarthy Bianca Yuko , Ince Furkan Akif , Holland Andrew J.A. , Tuckey Robert Charles , Slominski Andrzej T. , Abboud Myriam , Dixon Katie Marie , Rybchyn Mark Stephen , Mason Rebecca Sara
Published: September 2021

The vitamin D hormone, 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and related compounds derived from vitamin D3 or lumisterol as a result of metabolism via the enzyme CYP11A1, have been shown, when applied 24 hours before or immediately after UV irradiation, to protect human skin cells and skin from DNA damage due to UV exposure, by reducing both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and oxidative damage in the form of 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). We now report that knockdown of either the vitamin D receptor or the endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp57 by small, interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the reductions in UV‐induced DNA damage with 20‐hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24‐hydroxylumisterol3, as previously shown for 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced oxygen consumption rates in UV‐exposed and sham‐exposed human keratinocytes and reduced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response binding element protein (CREB). Both these actions have been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis after chronic UV exposure, consistent with the anticarcinogenic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3. The requirement for a vitamin D receptor for the photoprotective actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of naturally occurring CYP11A1‐derived vitamin D–related compounds may explain why mice lacking the vitamin D receptor in skin are more susceptible to UV‐induced skin cancers, whereas mice lacking the 1α‐hydroxylase and thus unable to make 1,25(OH)2D3 are not more susceptible. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Computational decomposition reveals reshaping of the SARS‐CoV‐2–ACE2 interface among viral variants expressing the N501Y mutation
Authors: Socher Eileen , Conrad Marcus , Heger Lukas , Paulsen Friedrich , Sticht Heinrich , Zunke Friederike , Arnold Philipp
Published: September 2021

Variants of concern of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus with an asparagine‐to‐tyrosine substitution at position 501 (N501Y) in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) show enhanced infectivity compared to wild‐type, resulting in an altered pandemic situation in affected areas. These SARS‐Cov‐2 variants comprise the two Alpha variants (B.1.1.7, United Kingdom and B.1.1.7 with the additional E484K mutation), the Beta variant (B.1.351, South Africa), and the Gamma variant (P.1, Brazil). Understanding the binding modalities between these viral variants and the host cell receptor ACE2 allows to depict changes, but also common motifs of virus–host cell interaction. The trimeric spike protein expressed at the viral surface contains the RBD that forms the molecular interface with ACE2. All the above‐mentioned variants carry between one and three amino acid exchanges within the interface‐forming region of the RBD, thereby altering the binding interface with ACE2. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and decomposition of intermolecular contacts between the RBD and ACE2, we identified phenylalanine 486, glutamine 498, threonine 500, and tyrosine 505 as important interface‐forming residues across viral variants. However, especially the N501Y exchange increased contact formation for this residue and also induced some local conformational changes. Comparing here, the in silico generated B.1.1.7 RBD–ACE2 complex with the now available experimentally solved structure reveals very similar behavior during MD simulation. We demonstrate, how computational methods can help to identify differences in conformation as well as contact formation for newly emerging viral variants. Altogether, we provide extensive data on all N501Y expressing SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern with respect to their interaction with ACE2 and how this induces reshaping of the RBD–ACE2 interface.
Marginal gaps and voids of three root‐end filling materials: A microcomputed tomographic study
Authors: Vergaças Jonathan Hayao Nakamura , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Barbosa Ana Flávia Almeida , Vieira Victor Talarico Leal , dos Santos Antunes Henrique , da Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
Published: September 2021

A root‐end filling material is required to fill the root‐end cavity without gaps or voids, to prevent root canal reinfection and to provide periapical healing. Thus, this study evaluated the volume of marginal gaps and voids of three root‐end filling materials using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). Thirty maxillary incisors were prepared and filled with gutta‐percha and endodontic sealer. The specimens were scanned using micro‐CT and distributed into three groups (n = 10): White MTA, MTA Repair HP, and Bio‐C Repair. The root tips were resected at 90° to the longitudinal axis and the cavity (3 mm depth) was prepared with an ultrasonic tip. The materials were handled, and the cavities were filled. The specimens were rescanned and the percentual volume of gaps and voids were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (p < .05). No statistical difference was found in the percentage of gaps among the tested materials (p > .05). White MTA presented less voids than Bio‐C and MTA Repair HP (p < .05). The materials presented a similar percentual volume of gaps and White MTA presented less voids than other tested materials.
An engineered CD81‐based combinatorial library for selecting recombinant binders to cell surface proteins: Laminin binding CD81 enhances cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vogt Stefan , Bobbili Madhusudhan Reddy , Stadlmayr Gerhard , Stadlbauer Katharina , Kjems Jørgen , Rüker Florian , Grillari Johannes , Wozniak‐Knopp Gordana
Published: September 2021

The research of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has boomed in the last decade, with the promise of them functioning as target‐directed drug delivery vehicles, able to modulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, and other properties of the recipient cell that are vital for health of the host organism. To enhance the ability of their targeted delivery, we employed an intrinsically overrepresented protein, CD81, to serve for recognition of the desired target antigen. Yeast libraries displaying mutant variants of the large extracellular loop of CD81 have been selected for binders to human placental laminin as an example target. Their specific interaction with laminin was confirmed in a mammalian display system. Derived sequences were reformatted to full‐length CD81 and expressed in EVs produced by HeLa cells. These EVs were examined for the presence of the recombinant protein and were shown to exhibit an enhanced uptake into laminin‐secreting mammalian cell lines. For the best candidate, the specificity of antigen interaction was demonstrated with a competition experiment. To our knowledge, this is the first example of harnessing an EV membrane protein as mediator of de novo target antigen recognition via in vitro molecular evolution, opening horizons to a broad range of applications in various therapeutic settings.
Current status and future perspectives of clinical research in pancreatic cancer: Establishment of evidence by science
Authors: Pu Ning , Yin Hanlin , Chen Qiangda , Zhang Jicheng , Wu Wenchuan , Lou Wenhui
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases in the world due to a lack of early detection, leading to an overall 5‐year survival of only 10%. In recent years, clinical trials targeted pancreatic cancer in efforts to improve survival. These studies introduce new technologies, concepts, and evidence which have instilled new optimism for improving prognosis. This review summarizes the current status of the recent (5‐year) clinical trials and describes contemporary research on pancreatic cancer, including surgical technology, diagnostic skills, traditional chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and precision medicine. Then, the future trend and direction of clinical trials on pancreatic cancer are discussed.
Investigation of solvent microparticle formation in spray ionization–quadrupole ion trap–mass spectrometry
Authors: Özdemir Abdil , Lin Jung‐Lee , Gülfen Mustafa , Chen Chung‐Hsuan
Published: September 2021

In the present study, a new method has been developed for the real‐time analysis of insource created solvent particles based on spray ionization–quadrupole ion trap–mass spectrometry (SI‐QIT‐MS). This is the first work in the literature reporting the formation of different solvent particles during solvent spray in mass spectrometry. The solvent particles formed from the solvent droplets are detected by a charge detector. Our ion trap system allows the measurement of a wide range particle masses. Various solvents and solvent mixtures such as water, methanol, acetone, toluene, n‐butanol, water‐methanol, and water‐ethanol were sprayed through a cone system, and the mass of the particles was monitored by different trap frequencies and voltages. While polar molecules produce larger and more diverse particles due to their strong intermolecular forces, apolar solvents generally do not produce a significant number of particles. We obtained results using a homemade ion trap mass spectrometer capable of determining the mass of micro‐sized solvent and solvent mixture particles weighing up to 1015 (Da). The instrument uses a charge detector connected to the exit of the ion trap. Simultaneous acquisition of particle mass spectra and measurement of the amount of charge in each particle allow mass assignment of each particle. Sprayed solvent particles were examined at various trap frequencies and voltages to find the best instrumental parameters for the highest trapping efficiency. The custom SI‐QIT‐MS instrument allows the measurement of the mass distribution of charged particles from the solvent spray.
Viral hepatitis amidst COVID‐19 in Africa: Implications and recommendations
Authors: Kazmi Syeda Kanza , Khan Fatima Muhammad Asad , Natoli Valentino , Hunain Reem , Islam Zarmina , Costa Ana Carla dos Santos , Ahmad Shoaib , Essar Mohammad Yasir
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis, a significant cause of mortality worldwide, results in around 1.34 million deaths each year globally. Africa is not exempt from the plague of Hepatitis. Around 100 million estimated individuals are infected with Hepatitis B or C. Egypt has the highest prevalence of cases of Hepatitis followed by Cameroon and Burundi. The continent is severely affected by the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, as the virus has added an additional burden on the already fragile continent. With the pandemic, it is presumable that Hepatitis like other viral diseases will pose a threat to collapsing healthcare system. Therefore, for Africa to become more resilient in the face of such menaces, including Hepatitis, further prevention policies are required to be implemented
Application of acid and heavy metal resistant bacteria from rat‐hole coal mines in bioremediation strategy
Authors: Ka‐ot Augustine L. , Joshi Santa R.
Published: September 2021

The Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from acid mine drainage (AMD) of rat‐hole coal mines were found to be resistant to acidic conditions as well as Fe, Cd, and Cr. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of iron, cadmium, and chromium against the isolates of Enterobacter huaxiensis KHED8 were 4000, 4096, and 256 mg/L, respectively, while the MIC and MBC of Fe, Cd, and Cr against two isolates (KH5M10 and KHCL12) of Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis isolates were 4000, 8192, and 256 mg/L, respectively. It was also found that E. huaxiensis KHED8 was able to remove 89%, 90%, and 82.45% of Fe, Cd, and Cr, respectively, and the two isolates of S. marcescens subsp. sakuensis KH5M10 and KHCL12 were able to remove 90%, 95%, and 85.62% of Fe, Cd, and Cr, respectively. The findings of the study provide lead to the use of these heavy metals resistant bacterial isolates for bioremediation of heavy metals laden AMD prevalent in unique rat‐hole coal mines.
In situthermal modification of kafirin using infrared radiations and microwaves
Authors: Semwal Jyoti , MS Meera
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Kafirin is a prolamin protein located in the corneous endosperm of sorghum. The conventional thermal processing of kafirin reduces its solubility, which limits its utilization in the food industry. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect ofin situthermal modification of kafirin using two different electromagnetic thermal treatments, namely infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) radiation, on the physicochemical, structural, thermal, and antioxidant properties.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that both the thermal modifications improved yield, purity, and solubility of the kafirin with a decrease in hydrophobicity. However, IR‐treated samples showed higher solubility (910.67 g kg−1) and lower hydrophobicity (387.67). The IR modifications also improved the ratio ofαhelix/βsheets to a great extent. The alterations in the disulfide content were concomitant with the improvement in the thermal stability of kafirin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed variations in the band intensities ofβ‑andγ‐kafirin, indicating alterations in the kafirin subunits. Morphological examination of kafirin revealed surface withering and agglomeration. Notably, IR treatment improved the antioxidant activity more efficiently (from 32.11% to 74.05%).

CONCLUSION

Although both the IR and MW treatments modified kafirin, the effect seemed to be more pronounced in IR modification. The IR‐modified kafirin had better solubility and lesser hydrophobicity than MW‐modified kafirin. The physicochemical and structural changes induced by IR treatment improved the biological activity of kafirin, in terms of antioxidant activity. Therefore, it was concluded that thein situIR modification of kafirin can alter its characteristic properties, improving its potential as a food ingredient. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a bifunctional edible coating for formaldehyde scavenging and preservation of aquatic products
Authors: Tang Yuyi , Chen Xifeng , Yao Hui , Xie Jun , Shi Wenzheng , Lu Ying , Deng Shanggui , Tao Ningping , Xu Changhua
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Although exogenous and endogenous formaldehyde in squid has led to severe health threat, an in‐depth study on natural edible scavengers for formaldehyde in squid is still lacking.

RESULTS

Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with experimental verification approaches was applied to obtain an optimal ‘recipe’ to achieve formaldehyde removal rate of >85%: 6 mg mL−1 tea polyphenols, 20 mg mL−1 chitosan, 3:2 (v/v) tea polyphenols and chitosan, a pH value of 3 and 60 min treatment time. Apart from the capability of removing formaldehyde, the scavenger derived from natural food exhibited a significant preservation effect (extension of preservation time up to 40%) on squid during chilled storage, and was safe and environmentally friendly. Meanwhile, a synergetic effect of the two components on scavenging formaldehyde was unraveled by multimolecular infrared spectroscopy.

CONCLUSION

An edible and bifunctional reagent composed of tea polyphenols and chitosan was developed for simultaneously removing artificially added or endogenous formaldehyde and for preservation of squid. The bifunctional coating shows promise as a formaldehyde scavenger and green preservative for aquatic products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Study on changes in pigment composition during the blooming period of safflower based on plant metabolomics and semi‐quantitative analysis
Authors: Pu Zong‐Jin , Zhang Shuo , Tang Yu‐Ping , Shi Xu‐Qin , Tao Hui‐Juan , Yan Hui , Chen Jia‐Qian , Yue Shi‐Jun , Chen Yan‐Yan , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Zhou Gui‐Sheng , Su Shu‐Lan , Duan Jin‐Ao
Published: September 2021

Red and yellow pigments are the major ingredients of safflower, often used to color food and cosmetics. Carthamin was the main component of red pigment and hydroxysafflor yellow A and anhydrosafflower yellow B were representative components of yellow pigment. Plant metabolomics and semi‐quantitative analysis were used to analyze the changes of pigment composition during the blooming period, especially these characteristic components. Carthamin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflower yellow B, and other components were screened out as differential metabolites based on plant metabolomics. Then semi‐quantitative analysis was used to quantify these three representative components of pigments. Experimental results showed that the content of pigments has dynamic changes along with flowering, in the early blooming period, yellow pigment accumulated much and red pigment was low in content. In the middle period, the accumulation rate of the yellow pigment slowed down and content was stabilized. In the next step, the content of yellow pigments gradually decreased, and the content of red pigments gradually increased. Later, the level of yellow pigment decreased significantly, and the accumulation rate of red pigment increased significantly. Last, the appearance color of safflower was red, with yellow parts barely visible, and accumulation of red pigment was the highest and of the yellow pigment was the lowest in content.
Incidence of Laryngotracheal Lesions After Orotracheal Intubation in Coronavirus Disease Patients
Authors: Félix Letícia , Tavares Tracy L. , Almeida Vinicius P. B. , Tiago Romualdo S. L.
Published: September 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the incidence of lesions and severe sequelae and the risk factors for the development of laryngotracheal lesions after orotracheal intubation (OTI) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) patients.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were consecutively admitted to a tertiary hospital and required OTI from March 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020. Patients discharged were called for outpatient follow‐up and endoscopic examination.

Results

A total of 1,357 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19, as confirmed by nasal swab reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, were admitted. OTI for mechanical ventilation was required in 421 patients (31%). Of the intubated patients, 172 (40.9%) were discharged and 249 (59.1%) died. Outpatient evaluation by videoendoscopy was performed in 95 patients (55.2%) approximately 100 days after extubation. Laryngotracheal lesions were observed in 38 patients (40%), with 17.9% diagnosed with laryngotracheal stenosis or unilateral immobility while 6.3% had severe stenosis (grades 3 and 4). The factors presenting statistical significance for the development of laryngotracheal lesions were the endotracheal tube (ETT) size; prone position over the OTI period; and the increased leukocyte count, d‐dimer, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR) on the day OTI was performed.

Conclusions

The incidence of laryngotracheal lesion in COVID‐19 patients is 40%, with 6.3% of them presenting with severe stenosis. There was a greater risk for the development of laryngotracheal lesions in patients using a larger ETT, kept in a prone position, presenting a greater inflammatory reaction (increased leukocyte count), or developing coagulation disorders (increased d‐dimer, PT, and INR).

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1075–1081, 2022
Zooglider‐measured association of zooplankton with the fine‐scale vertical prey field
Authors: Whitmore Benjamin M. , Ohman Mark D.
Published: September 2021

We use Zooglider, a low‐power optical zooplankton‐sensing glider, to test the covariability of the fine‐scale vertical distributions of six omnivorous zooplankton taxa with three different representations of their potential prey field: small suspended particles (equivalent circular diameter [ECD] between 0.25 and 0.45 mm), marine snow (ECD ≥ 0.45 mm), and chlorophyll a (Chl a), in the San Diego Trough. All three prey fields tend to be highly correlated from 100 m to the depth of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer (SCML), while correlations between the prey fields are weaker or nonexistent from the SCML to the surface. An index of spatial overlap (Local Index of Collocation) showed stronger overlap of zooplankton with marine snow or small particles than with Chl a in most cases. Moreover, generalized additive models revealed marine snow distributions or small particles as the primary explanatory variable, by percent deviance explained, for all zooplankton taxa tested. Chl a distributions were a secondary explanatory variable for four of the six taxa tested (small copepods, appendicularia‐Fritillaria, and both night and day large copepods), and an insignificant explanatory variable for the remaining two (appendicularia‐others and large protists). The distributions of suspended particles, during our year‐round study in the San Diego Trough, were more informative for explaining distributions of omnivorous zooplankton than Chl a alone.
AIRTIGHT MANAGEMENT FOR REAL ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS
Authors: Horn Sabrina
Published: September 2021

The author contends that the seemingly well‐meaning phrase ’Fake it till you make it’ can often do more harm than good in the world of organizational leadership, and “is simply bad business advice.” She writes from the unique perspective of someone who is “founder and CEO of my own company and as a strategic public relations advisor to over a thousand executives, venture capitalists, and influencers in the tech industry.” She describes what she terms “airtight management,” in which “you squeeze the daylight out of the places where your values and vision come into contact with strategy, and where your strategies end and their tactical execution begins.” She outlines such areas as Planning, Strategy + Tactics = Execution, The Hocus Pocus of Focus, What’s Missing From This Picture? and The Make It Happen Box. Within planning, she advises to ask questions like “Why are We Doing This?” and “What Does Success Look Like?” For the Make it Happen box, she notes that in searching for a sense of order from our plans, “we tend to equate order with a linear progression and chronology—a beginning, middle, and end. Plans are flat. But a flat plan will only guide a CEO so far.”
HOW TO START A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP VENTURE THAT CHANGES LIVES
Authors: Goldsmith Mark L.
Published: September 2021

The author describes his journey from being a business executive to starting and operating a successful nonprofit organization, Getting Out and Staying Out (GOSO), and he outlines how to become an impactful social entrepreneur. He contends that his “lessons learned have applicability for people in today's workforce who are considering career pivots or “encore careers,” for those contemplating retirement, or people who may have been downsized due to the effects of the pandemic. The objective of GOSO was that “the agency was going to help young men get out and then stay out of Rikers Island, as well as any other jail or prison.” He notes that “someone was there for them for the first time who could help them get out and stay out of Rikers Island by getting jobs with benefits, furthering their education, and getting lives that they had never imagined.” He describes transferal skills he learned in business, such as sales and marketing; and also outlines steps to take in nonprofit formation, such as fund raising, creating a mission statement, incorporating as a 501 (c) (3), and hiring a staff. Besides the benefits for the young men , “I also created a whole new life for myself.”
Degradable Superhydrophilic Iron‐Pillared Bentonite Doped with Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Open‐Cell Foam: Its Application in Dye Degradation, Removal of Heavy Metal Ions, and Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Qiu Liyan , Phule Ajit Dattatray , Zhong Weipeng , Wen Shibao , Zhang Zhenxiu
Published: September 2021

Development of industrialization has brought convenience to people's lives; however, it has also brought serious harm to the environment, where, water pollution is the most obvious. Here, a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) open‐cell foam doped with iron‐pillared bentonite (IPB) is prepared by using sugar as a pore‐forming agent and solution phase separation, and then combined with a solution dipping method to coat the foam surface with a polyacrylamide/SiO2, which makes the PBAT foam superhydrophilic. The static adsorption effect of superhydrophilic IPB‐doped PBAT open‐cell foam on methylene blue (MB) and Cu2+is studied. The adsorption isotherm fitting shows that the adsorption conforms to the Langmuir model and it has biased toward monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitting confirms that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo‐second‐order adsorption model, which is dominated by chemical adsorption. The modified PBAT open‐cell foam has an adsorption effect on Cu2+; however, it has weak cyclic adsorption capacity. It shows a good cyclic adsorption ability for the cationic dye MB and it has >95% photodegradation efficiency of the MB after five time's cyclic adsorption. The superhydrophilicity makes the foam to have better applications in oil–water separation.
Another note on the inequality between geometric and p‐generalized arithmetic mean
Authors: Thäle Christoph
Published: September 2021

A central limit theorem and a moderate deviations principle for the ratio of geometric and p‐generalized arithmetic mean are shown. Also a Berry–Esseen‐type upper bound on the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem is proved. This has implications on the probabilistic version of the question of whether the inequality between geometric and p‐generalized arithmetic mean can be reversed or improved up to multiplicative constants. The involved random vectors we study belong to a class of distributions on the ‐ball introduced by Barthe, Guédon, Mendelson and Naor. The results complement previous limit theorems of Kabluchko, Prochno and Vysotsky.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Thermoresponsive Biohybrid Graft Copolymers Based on a Combination of Passerini Multicomponent Reaction and Molecular Recognition
Authors: Zhao Peiqiong , Deng Meigui , Yang Yongfang , Zhang Jimin , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2021

Amphiphilic graft copolymers exhibit fascinating self‐assembly behaviors. Their molecular architectures significantly affect the morphology and functionality of the self‐assemblies. Considering the potential application of amphiphilic graft copolymers in the fabrication of nanocarriers, it is essential to synthesize well‐defined graft copolymers with desired functional groups. Herein, the Passerini reaction and molecular recognition are introduced to the synthesis of functional thermoresponsive graft copolymers. A bifunctional monomer 2‐((adamantan‐1‐yl)amino)‐1‐(4‐((2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoyl)oxy)phenyl)‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (ABMA) with a bromo group for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and an adamantyl group for molecular recognition is synthesized through the Passerini reaction. The graft copolymers are prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of ABMA and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) followed by RAFT end group removal and ATRP of di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) initiated by the ABMA units. The graft copolymer P(OEGMA‐co‐ABMA)‐g‐PDEGMA can be functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin modified peptides, affording a thermoresponsive biohybrid graft copolymer. At a temperature above its lower critical solution temperature, the biohybrid graft copolymer self‐assembles into peptide‐modified polymersomes.
Adaptive stabilization of a Timoshenko system by boundary feedback controls
Authors: Hassan Jamilu Hashim , Tatar Nasser‐eddine
Published: September 2021

In this work, we investigate the global existence and boundary adaptive stabilization of an undamped Timoshenko beam equation subject to two control inputs at the right end. High gain adaptive regulators are designed based on the velocity feedbacks measured at the right end. We prove an exponential stability result for the system using the multiplier method.
Anin‐band full‐duplexantenna fordual‐bandapplication
Authors: Kumari Kahani , Jaiswal Rahul Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav
Published: September 2021

A dual‐band, dual‐polarized in‐band full‐duplex antenna with good isolation performance is presented for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. A neutralization line is connected between the grounds of the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) antennas to enhance the isolation. Further enhancement in isolation is achieved by using a 180° ring hybrid coupler between receiving antenna elements. Here the dual‐band monopole antennas are used as transmitting and receiving antenna elements. For better isolation, the receiving antenna elements are placed opposite to each other and fed through the differential ports of the 180° ring hybrid coupler. The proposed structure is fabricated, and the comparison of measured results and simulated results are studied. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidths (≤−10 dB) of the antenna cover the entire 2.4 GHz WLAN band (2.4–2.48 GHz), and for this band, the measured isolation is better than 40 dB. For the higher band, the measured isolation is more than 40 dB for 200 MHz (5.15–5.35 GHz) of bandwidth. The simulated radiation patterns of the antenna are well‐matched with the measured patterns at both the frequencies.
Least squares regression principal component analysis: A supervised dimensionality reduction method
Authors: Pascual Hector , Yee Xin C.
Published: September 2021

Dimensionality reduction is an important technique in surrogate modeling and machine learning. In this article, we propose a supervised dimensionality reduction method, “least squares regression principal component analysis” (LSR‐PCA), applicable to both classification and regression problems. To show the efficacy of this method, we present different examples in visualization, classification, and regression problems, comparing it with several state‐of‐the‐art dimensionality reduction methods. Finally, we present a kernel version of LSR‐PCA for problems where the inputs are correlated nonlinearly. The examples demonstrate that LSR‐PCA can be a competitive dimensionality reduction method.
Increased Risk for Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma after Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Brachytherapy
Authors: Mills Matthew N. , Russo Nicholas W. , Fahey Matthew , Nanda Ronica H. , Raiker Sunny , Jastrzebski Jessica , Stout Lisa L. , Wilson Jason P. , Altoos Taghrid A. , Allen Kathleen G. , Blumencranz Peter W. , Diaz Roberto
Published: September 2021

Background

The suitability criteria for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) from the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and The Groupe Européende Curiethérapie European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) have significant differences.

Materials and Methods

This is a single institution retrospective review of 946 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy and APBI intracavitary brachytherapy from 2003 to 2018. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Median follow-up time was 60.2 months. Median age was 68 years (46–94 years). The majority of patients had estrogen receptor (ER)–positive disease (94%). There were 821 (87%) cases of invasive ductal carcinoma and 68 cases (7%) of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The 5-year OS, BCSS, RFS, and IBTR were 93%, 99%, 90%, and 1.5%, respectively. Upon univariate analysis, ILC (hazard ratio [HR], 4.6; p = .008) and lack of nodal evaluation (HR, 6.9; p = .01) were risk factors for IBTR. The 10-year IBTR was 2.5% for IDC and 14% for ILC. While the ABS and ASTRO criteria could not predict IBTR, the GEC-ESTRO intermediate risk group was associated with inferior IBTR (p = .04) when compared to both low risk and high risk groups. None of the suitability criteria was able to predict RFS.

Conclusion

These results show that APBI is an effective treatment for patients with invasive breast cancer. Expansion of the current eligibility criteria should be considered, although prospective validation is needed. Caution is required when considering APBI for patients with ILC.

Implications for Practice

In a large retrospective review of 946 patients with early breast cancer treated with partial mastectomy and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) intracavitary brachytherapy, this study demonstrates durable local control. Patients deemed unsuitable or high risk by the American Brachytherapy Society, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology guidelines were not at increased risk for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), suggesting that expansion of the current criteria should be considered. Importantly, however, these results demonstrate that caution should be taken when considering APBI for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma, as these patients had relatively high risk for IBTR (10-year IBTR, 14%).