bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noise resilient leaky integrate-and-fire neurons based on multi-domain spintronic devices
Authors: Wang Cheng , Lee Chankyu , Roy Kaushik
Published: May 2022

The capability of emulating neural functionalities efficiently in hardware is crucial for building neuromorphic computing systems. While various types of neuro-mimetic devices have been investigated, it remains challenging to provide a compact device that can emulate spiking neurons. In this work, we propose a non-volatile spin-based device for efficiently emulating a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron. By incorporating an exchange-coupled composite free layer in spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions, multi-domain magnetization switching dynamics is exploited to realize gradual accumulation of membrane potential for a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with compact footprints. The proposed device offers significantly improved scalability compared with previously proposed spin-based neuro-mimetic implementations while exhibiting high energy efficiency and good controllability. Moreover, the proposed neuron device exhibits a varying leak constant and a varying membrane resistance that are both dependent on the magnitude of the membrane potential. Interestingly, we demonstrate that such device-inspired dynamic behaviors can be incorporated to construct more robust spiking neural network models, and find improved resiliency against various types of noise injection scenarios. The proposed spintronic neuro-mimetic devices may potentially open up exciting opportunities for the development of efficient and robust neuro-inspired computational hardware.
PCBP1 is associated with rheumatoid arthritis by affecting RNA products of genes involved in immune response in Th1 cells
Authors: Cao Xue , Li Panlong , Song Xiaojuan , Shi Lipu , Qin Lijie , Chen Dong , Chu Tianshu , Cheng Yanwei
Published: May 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovitis, in which T helper 1 (Th1) can promote the development of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) has been identified as a promising biomarker of RA, while its molecular mechanisms in RA development are unknown. As a canonical RNA binding protein, we propose that PCBP1 could play roles in RA by affecting both expression and alternative splicing levels in Th1 cells. Here, microarray datasets (GSE15573 and GSE23561), including 102 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 39 RA patients and 63 controls, were used to evaluate the PCBP1 expression changes in RA patients. High throughput sequencing data (GSE84702) of iron driven pathogenesis in Th1 cells were downloaded and reanalyzed, including two Pcbp1 deficiency samples and two control samples in Th1 cells. In addition, CLIP-seq data of PCBP1 in Jurkat T cells was also analyzed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of PCBP1. We found PCBP1 were down-regulated in RA specimens compared with control. The result of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that Pcbp1 silencing in Th1 cells affected the expression of genes involved in immune response pathway. Alternative splicing analysis also revealed that PCBP1-regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs) were enriched in TNF-a/NF-κB signaling pathway, T cell activation, T cell differentiation and T cell differentiation associated immune response pathways, which were highly associated with RA. DEGs and RASGs by Pcbp1 deficiency in mice were validated in PBMCs specimens of RA patients by RT-qPCR. Investigation of the CLIP-seq data revealed PCBP1 preferred to bind to 3′UTR and intron regions. PCBP1-bound genes were also significantly associated with RASGs, identifying 102 overlapped genes of these two gene sets. These genes were significantly enriched in several immune response related pathways, including myeloid cell differentiation and positive regulation of NF-κB transcription factor activity. Two RA-related genes, PML and IRAK1, were screened from the above immune related pathways. These results together support our hypothesis that PCBP1 can regulate the expression of genes involved in immune response pathway, and can bind to and regulate the alternative splicing of immune response related genes in immune T cells, and ultimately participate in the molecular mechanism of RA, providing new research ideas and directions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Insect vector manipulation by a plant virus and simulation modeling of its potential impact on crop infection
Authors: Lee Hyoseok , Stephanus Andrew P. , Fowles Trevor M. , Wintermantel William M. , Trumble John T. , Gilbertson Robert L. , Nansen Christian
Published: May 2022

There is widespread evidence of plant viruses manipulating behavior of their insect vectors as a strategy to maximize infection of plants. Often, plant viruses and their insect vectors have multiple potential host plant species, and these may not overlap entirely. Moreover, insect vectors may not prefer plant species to which plant viruses are well-adapted. In such cases, can plant viruses manipulate their insect vectors to preferentially feed and oviposit on plant species, which are suitable for viral propagation but less suitable for themselves? To address this question, we conducted dual- and no-choice feeding studies (number and duration of probing events) and oviposition studies with non-viruliferous and viruliferous [carrying beet curly top virus (BCTV)] beet leafhoppers [Circulifer tenellus(Baker)] on three plant species: barley (Hordeum vulgareL.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolataL.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.). Barley is not a host of BCTV, whereas ribwort plantain and tomato are susceptible to BCTV infection and develop a symptomless infection and severe curly top symptoms, respectively. Ribwort plantain plants can be used to maintain beet leafhopper colonies for multiple generations (suitable), whereas tomato plants cannot be used to maintain beet leafhopper colonies (unsuitable). Based on dual- and no-choice experiments, we demonstrated that BCTV appears to manipulate probing preference and behavior by beet leafhoppers, whereas there was no significant difference in oviposition preference. Simulation modeling predicted that BCTV infection rates would to be higher in tomato fields with barley compared with ribwort plantain as a trap crop. Simulation model results supported the hypothesis that manipulation of probing preference and behavior may increase BCTV infection in tomato fields. Results presented were based on the BCTV-beet leafhopper pathosystem, but the approach taken (combination of experimental studies with complementary simulation modeling) is widely applicable and relevant to other insect-vectored plant pathogen systems involving multiple plant species.
Genomic biosurveillance detects a sexual hybrid in the sudden oak death pathogen
Authors: Hamelin Richard C. , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Heinzelmann Renate , Hrywkiw Kelly , Capron Arnaud , Dort Erika , Dale Angela L. , Giroux Emilie , Kus Stacey , Carleson Nick C. , Grünwald Niklaus J. , Feau Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Invasive exotic pathogens pose a threat to trees and forest ecosystems worldwide, hampering the provision of essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water purification. Hybridization is a major evolutionary force that can drive the emergence of pathogens.Phytophthora ramorum, an emergent pathogen that causes the sudden oak and larch death, spreads as reproductively isolated divergent clonal lineages. We use a genomic biosurveillance approach by sequencing genomes ofP. ramorumfrom survey and inspection samples and report the discovery of variants ofP. ramorumthat are the result of hybridization via sexual recombination between North American and European lineages. We show that these hybrids are viable, can infect a host and produce spores for long-term survival and propagation. Genome sequencing revealed genotypic combinations at 54,515 single nucleotide polymorphism loci not present in parental lineages. More than 6,000 of those genotypes are predicted to have a functional impact in genes associated with host infection, including effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases. We also observed post-meiotic mitotic recombination that could generate additional genotypic and phenotypic variation and contribute to homoploid hybrid speciation. Our study highlights the importance of plant pathogen biosurveillance to detect variants, including hybrids, and inform management and control.
Differences in ligand-induced protein dynamics extracted from an unsupervised deep learning approach correlate with protein–ligand binding affinities
Authors: Yasuda Ikki , Endo Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Eiji , Hirano Yoshinori , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: May 2022

Prediction of protein–ligand binding affinity is a major goal in drug discovery. Generally, free energy gap is calculated between two states (e.g., ligand binding and unbinding). The energy gap implicitly includes the effects of changes in protein dynamics induced by ligand binding. However, the relationship between protein dynamics and binding affinity remains unclear. Here, we propose a method that represents ligand-binding-induced protein behavioral change with a simple feature that can be used to predict protein–ligand affinity. From unbiased molecular simulation data, an unsupervised deep learning method measures the differences in protein dynamics at a ligand-binding site depending on the bound ligands. A dimension reduction method extracts a dynamic feature that strongly correlates to the binding affinities. Moreover, the residues that play important roles in protein–ligand interactions are specified based on their contribution to the differences. These results indicate the potential for binding dynamics-based drug discovery.
Histone macroH2A1 is a stronger regulator of hippocampal transcription and memory than macroH2A2 in mice
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Stefanelli Gilda , Narkaj Klotilda , Brimble Mark A. , Creighton Samantha D. , McLean Timothy A. B. , Hall Meaghan , Mitchnick Krista A. , Zakaria Jacqueline , Phung Thanh , Reda Anas , Leonetti Amanda M. , Monks Ashley , Ianov Lara , Winters Boyer D. , Walters Brandon J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Mitchell Jennifer A. , Zovkic Iva B.
Published: May 2022

Histone variants H2A.Z and H3.3 are epigenetic regulators of memory, but roles of other variants are not well characterized. macroH2A (mH2A) is a structurally unique histone that contains a globular macrodomain connected to the histone region by an unstructured linker. Here we assessed if mH2A regulates memory and if this role varies for the two mH2A-encoding genes,H2afy(mH2A1) andH2afy2(mH2A2). We show that fear memory is impaired in mH2A1, but not in mH2A2-deficient mice, whereas both groups were impaired in a non-aversive spatial memory task. However, impairment was larger for mH2A1- deficient mice, indicating a preferential role for mH2A1 over mH2A2 in memory. Accordingly, mH2A1 depletion in the mouse hippocampus resulted in more extensive transcriptional de-repression compared to mH2A2 depletion. mH2A1-depleted mice failed to induce a normal transcriptional response to fear conditioning, suggesting that mH2A1 depletion impairs memory by altering transcription. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, we found that both mH2A proteins are enriched on transcriptionally repressed genes, but only mH2A1 occupancy was dynamically modified during learning, displaying reduced occupancy on upregulated genes after training. These data identify mH2A as a regulator of memory and suggest that mH2A1 supports memory by repressing spurious transcription and promoting learning-induced transcriptional activation.
Cytosolic peptides encoding CaV1 C-termini downregulate the calcium channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling
Authors: Yang Yaxiong , Yu Zhen , Geng Jinli , Liu Min , Liu Nan , Li Ping , Hong Weili , Yue Shuhua , Jiang He , Ge Haiyan , Qian Feng , Xiong Wei , Wang Ping , Song Sen , Li Xiaomei , Fan Yubo , Liu Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

L-type Ca2+ (CaV1) channels transduce channel activities into nuclear signals critical to neuritogenesis. Also, standalone peptides encoded by CaV1 DCT (distal carboxyl-terminus) act as nuclear transcription factors reportedly promoting neuritogenesis. Here, by focusing on exemplary CaV1.3 and cortical neurons under basal conditions, we discover that cytosolic DCT peptides downregulate neurite outgrowth by the interactions with CaV1’s apo-calmodulin binding motif. Distinct from nuclear DCT, various cytosolic peptides exert a gradient of inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx via CaV1 channels and neurite extension and arborization, and also the intermediate events including CREB activation and c-Fos expression. The inhibition efficacies of DCT are quantitatively correlated with its binding affinities. Meanwhile, cytosolic inhibition tends to facilitate neuritogenesis indirectly by favoring Ca2+-sensitive nuclear retention of DCT. In summary, DCT peptides as a class of CaV1 inhibitors specifically regulate the channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling in a variant-, affinity-, and localization-dependent manner.
Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of chiral γ-amino alcohols and intermediates of (S)-duloxetine, (R)-fluoxetine, and (R)-atomoxetine
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Zhang Lei , Cao Liming , Xiong Yan , Ma Yueyue , Cheng Ruihua , Ye Jinxing
Published: May 2022

Chiral γ-amino alcohols are the prevalent structural motifs and building blocks in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Enantioselective hydrogenation of β-amino ketones provides a straightforward and powerful tool for the synthesis of chiral γ-amino alcohols, but the asymmetric transformation is synthetically challenging. Here, a series of tridentate ferrocene-based phosphine ligands bearing modular and tunable unsymmetrical vicinal diamine scaffolds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-amino ketones. The system was greatly effective to substrates with flexible structure and functionality, and diverse β-tertiary-amino ketones and β-secondary-amino ketones were hydrogenated smoothly. The excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities were achieved in the asymmetric delivery of various chiral γ-amino alcohols with up to 99% yields, >99% ee values, and turnover number (TON) of 48,500. The gram-scale reactions with low catalyst loading showed the potential application in industrial synthesis of chiral drugs, such as (S)-duloxetine, (R)-fluoxetine, and (R)-atomoxetine.
Metagenomic, (bio)chemical, and microscopic analyses reveal the potential for the cycling of sulfated EPS in Shark Bay pustular mats
Authors: Skoog Emilie J , Moore Kelsey R , Gong Jian , Ciccarese Davide , Momper Lily , Cutts Elise M , Bosak Tanja
Published: May 2022

Cyanobacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in peritidal pustular microbial mats have a two-billion-year-old fossil record. To understand the composition, production, degradation, and potential role of EPS in modern analogous communities, we sampled pustular mats from Shark Bay, Australia and analyzed their EPS matrix. Biochemical and microscopic analyses identified sulfated organic compounds as major components of mat EPS. Sulfur was more abundant in the unmineralized regions with cyanobacteria and less prevalent in areas that contained fewer cyanobacteria and more carbonate precipitates. Sequencing and assembly of the pustular mat sample resulted in 83 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Metagenomic analyses confirmed cyanobacteria as the primary sources of these sulfated polysaccharides. Genes encoding for sulfatases, glycosyl hydrolases, and other enzymes with predicted roles in the degradation of sulfated polysaccharides were detected in the MAGs of numerous clades including Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Hydrogenedentes, Myxococcota, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. Measurable sulfatase activity in pustular mats and fresh cyanobacterial EPS confirmed the role of sulfatases in the degradation of sulfated EPS. These findings suggest that the synthesis, modification, and degradation of sulfated polysaccharides influence microbial interactions, carbon cycling, and biomineralization processes within peritidal pustular microbial mats.
Organic ultrathin nanostructure arrays: materials, methods and applications
Authors: Wei Yanjie , Geng Yue , Wang Kui , Gao Hanfei , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei
Published: May 2022

This minireview covers the recent progress of organic ultrathin nanostructures and organic crystal arrays from materials and methods to next-generation electronic/optoelectronic device applications.
Improving the EMI shielding of graphene oxide (GNO)-coated glass-fiber–GNO–MA-grafted polypropylene (PP) composites and nylon 1D–2D nanocomposite foams
Authors: Raagulan Kanthasamy , Ghim Jinsoo , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Chai Kyu Yun , Kim Bo Mi
Published: May 2022

The proliferation of the latest electronic gadgets and wireless communication devices can trigger electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has a detrimental impact on electronic devices and humans.
ESI and tandem MS for mechanistic studies with high-valent transition metal species
Authors: Bleher Katharina , Comba Peter , Gross Jürgen H. , Josephy Thomas
Published: May 2022

The analysis of high-valent metal-oxygen species by mass spectrometry is one of the important techniques for the thorough analysis of pathways in their reactions with substrates.
η6-Coordinated ruthenabenzenes from three-component assembly on a diruthenium μ-allenyl scaffold
Authors: Bresciani Giulio , Zacchini Stefano , Pampaloni Guido , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio
Published: May 2022

A series of three ruthenabenzenes acting as hetero-arene ligands towards a second Ru centre was synthesized from a dimetallic precursor via double C–C bond coupling between allenyl, carbon monoxide and alkyne units.
Structure-controlled graphene electrocatalysts for high-performance H2O2 production
Authors: Lee Kyungbin , Lim Jeonghoon , Lee Michael J. , Ryu Kun , Lee Hoyoung , Kim Jin Young , Ju Hyunchul , Cho Hyun-Seok , Kim Byung-Hyun , Hatzell Marta C. , Kang Joonhee , Lee Seung Woo
Published: May 2022

A structure-mechanism-performance relationship of metal-free carbon catalysts for outstanding H2O2 production activity and selectivity in alkaline media.
Effects of marginal zinc deficiency on learning and memory ability after birth
Authors: Sun Yongzhi , Zhao Jiali , Song Xinyu , Sun Zhaohui , Zhang Rui , Zhong Jiayi , Huang Xiaocai , Dong Yingran , Yu Qingli , Dong Feng , Li Zixiang , Fan Lina , Wang Maoqing , Peng Chenghai , Wang Fan
Published: May 2022

Zinc deficiency during pregnancy and severe zinc deficiency after birth both impaired learning and memory ability, but the effects of marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) after birth on learning and memory are unclear.
An interfacial floating tumbler with a penetrable structure and Janus wettability inspired by Pistia stratiotes
Authors: Yang Yifan , Bai Haoyu , Li Muqian , Li Zhe , Wang Xinsheng , Wang Pengwei , Cao Moyuan
Published: May 2022

Inspired by Pistia stratiotes, here we present a superhydrophobic/hydrophilic 3D Janus floater with ultra-stable floating abilities, including self-regulated floatation, directional water drainage, and high compatibility.
Continuous flow fabrication of green graphene oxide in aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Vimalanathan Kasturi , Scott James , Pan Xun , Luo Xuan , Rahpeima Soraya , Sun Qiang , Zou Jin , Bansal Nidhi , Prabawati Elisabeth , Zhang Wei , Darwish Nadim , Andersson Mats R. , Li Qin , Raston Colin L.
Published: May 2022

Herein, we have established a sequential two step continuous flow process for generating graphene oxide with properties comparable to the conventional Hummers' GO. The process is high yielding and with a dramatic reduction in the generation of waste.
Organophotoredox-catalyzed cyanoalkylation of 1,4-quinones
Authors: Kulthe Arun D. , Jaiswal Sunidhi , Golagani Durga , Mainkar Prathama S. , Akondi Srirama Murthy
Published: May 2022

A mild and redox neutral cyanoalkylation of 1,4-quinones under organophotoredox conditions is reported.
Liquid marbles, floating droplets: preparations, properties, operations and applications
Authors: Sun Yukai , Zheng Yelong , Liu Chuntian , Zhang Yihan , Wen Shiying , Song Le , Zhao Meirong
Published: May 2022

The recent advances in the preparation, physical properties and applications of liquid marbles, especially operations and floating abilities, are summarized.
Next steps for solvent-based CO2 capture; integration of capture, conversion, and mineralisation
Authors: Heldebrant David J. , Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Dowell Niall Mac , Brickett Lynn
Published: May 2022

In this perspective, we detail how solvent-based carbon capture integrated with conversion can be an important element in a net-zero emission economy.
Study of thermal material properties for Ta- and Al-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte in dependency of temperature and grain size
Authors: Neises Julian , Scheld Walter Sebastian , Seok Ah-Ram , Lobe Sandra , Finsterbusch Martin , Uhlenbruck Sven , Schmechel Roland , Benson Niels
Published: May 2022

Investigating thermal material properties such as thermal conductivity (κ), specific heat capacity (Cp) and decomposition temperature of Ta- and Al-substituted solid state electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) in dependency of temperature and grain size.
Highly efficient extraction of uranium from aqueous solution using imidazole functionalized core–shell sunflower-like superparamagnetic polymer microspheres: understanding adsorption and binding mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Dingzhong , Zhao Jizhou , Zhang Qinghua , Lu Peng , Wang Yun , He Yan , Liu Zhirong , Liu Yan , Zhao Xiaohong , Meng Cheng
Published: May 2022

The core–shell sunflower-like magnetic polymer adsorbent Fe3O4/P (MBA-VIM) prepared by distillation–precipitation polymerization not only showed an outstanding adsorption efficiency for uranium, but also could be facilely isolated by using magnetic force.
Multi-cavity carbon nanofiber film decorated with Co-Nx doped CNTs for lithium–sulfur batteries with high-areal-capacity
Authors: Yu Xiao-Fei , He Bin , Li Wen-Cui , Wu Tao , Chen Xin-Rong , Lu An-Hui
Published: May 2022

A multi-cavity carbon nanofiber film decorated with Co-Nx doped CNTs can act as a binder-free sulfur host and an interlayer, which delivers a high areal capacity under high sulfur loading and low E/S ratio.
Tumor-triggered targeting ammonium bicarbonate liposomes for tumor multimodal therapy
Authors: Chen Quan-Bing , Shen Mei-Hua , Ren Xiao-He , Zhu Shuai , Shang Jin-Ting , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhao-Wei , Dong Zhi-Jun , Gu Hua-Zhi , Zhang Xian-Zheng , Yuan Qiong , Zou Tao
Published: May 2022

Indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated TTABC liposomes (ICG&DOX@TTABC) were prepared to achieve near-infrared light-controlled chemo/photothermal/photodynamic multimodal therapy guided by fluorescence and photothermal imaging.
Linear and branched polymer prodrugs of the water-soluble nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine as structural materials for long-acting implants
Authors: Shakil Anika , Hern Faye Y. , Liu Chung , Temburnikar Kartik , Chambon Pierre , Liptrott Neill , McDonald Tom O. , Neary Megan , Owen Andrew , Freel Meyers Caren , Rannard Steve P.
Published: May 2022

Long acting release of the water soluble nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine (FTC) has been demonstrated in vitro through polymer formation using FTC as a monomer, and forming implants made of the drug containing polymer.
Inert polymer modification of an exciplex emitter enhances the light-emitting efficiency and reduces the efficiency roll-off of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Liang , Xu Yushuai , Wang Qian , Yang Qingqing , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: May 2022

The maximum external quantum efficiency of the solution-processed OLEDs is increased from 3.71% to 4.77% and the efficiency roll-off is reduced from 31.5% to 10.7% at 5000 cd m−2by introducing inert PS in the exciplex emissive layer.
Progress review of asymmetric polymers for organic solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Shuai , Bi Fuzhen , Tian Yong , Gu Chuantao , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes the recent advances of asymmetric donor polymers developed using a symmetry-breaking strategy, including polymers with asymmetric side chains and polymers with asymmetric backbones.
Molecular plant immunity against biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic fungi
Authors: McCombe Carl L. , Greenwood Julian R. , Solomon Peter S. , Williams Simon J.
Published: May 2022

Pathogenic fungi use diverse infection strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Biotrophic fungi feed only on living plant tissue, whereas necrotrophic fungi kill host cells to extract nutrients. To prevent disease, plants need to distinguish between pathogens with different life cycles, as a successful defense against a biotroph, which often involves programmed cell-death around the site of infection, is not an appropriate response to some necrotrophs. Plants utilize a vast collection of extracellular and intracellular receptors to detect the signatures of pathogen attack. In turn, pathogens are under strong selection to mask or avoid certain receptor responses while enhancing or manipulating other receptor responses to promote virulence. In this review, we focus on the plant receptors involved in resistance responses to fungal pathogens and highlight, with examples, how the infection strategy of fungal pathogens can determine if recognition responses are effective at preventing disease.
Properties of ubiquitous magnetic reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere
Authors: Joshi Jayant , Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M.
Published: May 2022

Context.Magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere can give rise to enhanced emission in the Balmer hydrogen lines, a phenomenon referred to as Ellerman bombs. Recent high-quality Hβobservations indicate that Ellerman bombs are more common than previously thought, and it was estimated that at any time, about half a million Ellerman bombs are present in the quiet Sun.

Aims.We performed an extensive statistical characterization of the quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) in these new Hβobservations.

Methods.We analyzed a 1 h dataset of the quiet Sun observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope that consists of spectral imaging in the Hβand Hαlines as well as spectropolarimetric imaging in Fe I6173 Å. We used thek-means clustering and the 3D connected component labeling techniques to automatically detect QSEBs.

Results.We detected a total of 2809 QSEBs. The lifetimes vary between 9 s and 20.5 min, with a median of 1.14 min. The maximum area ranges between 0.0016 and 0.2603 Mm2, with a median of 0.018 Mm2. The maximum brightness in the Hβwing varies between 1.06 and 2.76 with respect to the average wing intensity. A subset (14%) of the QSEBs displays enhancement of the Hβline core. On average, the line core brightening appears 0.88 min after the onset of brightening in the wings, and the distance between these brightenings is 243 km. This gives rise to an apparent propagation speed ranging between −14.3 and +23.5 km s−1, with an average that is upward propagating at +4.4 km s−1. The average orientation is nearly parallel to the limbward direction. QSEBs are nearly uniformly distributed over the field of view, but we find empty areas with the size of mesogranulation. QSEBs are located more frequently near the magnetic network, where they are often larger, live longer, and are brighter.

Conclusions.We conclude that QSEBs are ubiquitous in the quiet Sun and appear everywhere, except in areas of mesogranular size with the weakest magnetic fields (BLOS ≲ 50 G). Our observations support the interpretation of reconnection along vertically extended current sheets.
Améliorer les pratiques d’alimentation des vaches traites en saison sèche, un levier pour augmenter le revenu des éleveurs laitiers extensifs au Burkina Faso
Authors: Sodré Étienne , Moulin Charles-Henri , Ouédraogo Souleymane , Gnanda Isidore Bila , Vall Eric
Published: May 2022

Les éleveurs laitiers ouest-africains connaissent des contraintes d’alimentation des vaches en saison sèche conduisant à une chute de l’offre de lait local. Pour y faire face, ils achètent cher et utilisent sporadiquement des aliments concentrés. Certains semblent s’en sortir en combinant le pâturage, les fourrages et l’aliment concentré. Cependant, ces stratégies restent méconnues et leur efficacité peu optimisée. La présente étude vise à caractériser les pratiques d’alimentation des vaches traites en saison sèche chez les éleveurs laitiers extensifs en zone sud-soudanienne du Burkina Faso pour repérer et promouvoir des stratégies d’alimentation innovantes économiquement viables. Une enquête ménage a été conduite auprès de 134 éleveurs qui approvisionnent les laiteries des villes de Banfora et Bobo-Dioulasso, à l’ouest du pays. La typologie des systèmes d’alimentation proposée a mis en évidence un système prometteur, techniquement innovant et économiquement plus performant, qui n’est cependant pratiqué que par une minorité d’éleveurs. Dans ce système, les vaches traites nourries au pâturage (9 h/j) reçoivent en saison sèche, en complément, des apports de fourrage de bonne qualité et en quantité suffisante (3360 ± 1424 kg de matière sèche/vache/an) et des quantités modérées de concentrés alimentaires (253 ± 244 kg matière brute/vache/an). Cette pratique permet de maintenir la production laitière et d’assurer des revenus réguliers à l’éleveur. Il apparaît donc opportun de soutenir la co-conception de systèmes d’alimentation des vaches intégrant les cultures fourragères et une utilisation modérée des concentrés. L’effort d’amélioration du système d’alimentation des vaches par les éleveurs semble avoir comme motivation l’existence du dispositif de collecte de lait facilitant l’écoulement et les incitations pour la production. En vue d’amplifier les dynamiques d’intensification agroécologique de la production laitière en cours, les opérateurs de l’amont de la filière lait local pourraient donc développer un modèle économique qui crée davantage d’incitation pour les éleveurs.
Broadcasting capability analysis of WSNs in ship information collection system
Authors: Zeng Bin , Wang Rui , Yang Chunhui
Published: May 2022

In the Internet of things environment, the information collection system designed with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) equipment as the transmission medium can realize the collection of marine environmental information. The WSN nodes can work in a harsh environment without the costly and complicate wiring in the ships. It is necessary to distribute monitoring or alarm information through broadcast operation in ship WSNs. Therefore, in order to improve the efficient application of WSNs in ship information system, the broadcast characteristics of WSNs are analysed and the existing broadcast algorithms are summarized and classified. Finally, some problems faced by broadcast technology are pointed out through simulation results.
A diagnosis method of capsule surface damage based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Hou Shouwu , Zhang Zheng , Feng Shiyuan , Zhu Haiping , Fan Liangzhi
Published: May 2022

In order to accurately identify whether there are damages and damage types on the surface of the aerostat capsule, combined with the powerful data processing capabilities and abnormal pattern recognition capabilities of deep learning, this paper proposes a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and deep convolution. The diagnosis method of capsule surface damage combined with convolutional neural network (Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN). First, use CWT to convert the collected original stress and strain signals into time-frequency domain images, and then use CNN to classify and identify the time-frequency domain images to determine the damage category of the capsule surface. The CWT-CNN method is different from the traditional fault diagnosis method, it needs to go through the traditional feature extraction process, and the pros and cons of the extracted features often determine the final recognition accuracy. This method effectively overcomes the traditional fault diagnosis method that requires a large amount of signal processing technology. And rich engineering practice experience to extract the shortcomings of fault experience. The experimental results show that the CWT-CNN method can achieve an accuracy of more than 95% in the recognition of the surface damage of the capsule.
Matching of small packages of traditional Chinese medicine based on improved RANSAC algorithm
Authors: Guo Jia , He Xin , Ma Xuan , Du Shuai , Wang Jianyu
Published: May 2022

The vision system model of small package sorting of traditional Chinese medicine was constructed, and the chessboard calibration method was used to calibrate the binocular camera. Surf algorithm and orb algorithm are analyzed by experiments, and orb algorithm with high real-time performance is used to extract feature points. The fast nearest neighbor FLANN algorithm is used to quickly match the feature points, and the matched feature points are screened according to Lowe’s algorithm and v-axis coordinate consistency principle, to solve the problem of false matching points. The method of selecting feature points based on matching quality ranking to calculate the homography matrix is designed, which solves the random sampling problem of the RANSAC algorithm and effectively shortens the time of feature matching.
A stereo optical comparison method for detection of metallic surface defects based on machine vision and laser triangulation
Authors: Li Heng , Mokhtarzadeh Amir A , Li Guohao , Zhou Hong
Published: May 2022

Quality of metallic surfaces is essential to maintain performance and longevity of industrial products. The surface defects of products like holes and cracks not only affect their appearances and performance, but also may even result in potential danger to human health in some cases. Traditional surface inspection methods for metallic surfaces rely on manual inspection methods by naked eyes or with the help of close circuit cameras, presenting the problems of low efficiency, low accuracy, high labour intensity due to monotonous work. Today manual inspection is not possible in many applications, therefore an automated method with a high accuracy is desirable. In this paper we propose a novel stereo optical comparison method to detect defects on metallic surface based on machine vision and laser triangulation.
Wind speed sensor data processing based on Kaman Vortex Street principle
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Hu Shejiao , Niu Zhao , Wei Changyong , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2022

Wind speed is one of the important monitoring parameters to ensure mine safety. The commonly used mine wind speed sensor can be divided into ultrasonic type, impeller type and hot wire type according to the design principle. The accuracy of the latter two methods is not high enough because they are susceptible to steam and coal dust in mines. The ultrasonic wind speed sensor has better measuring accuracy. In this paper, ultrasonic wind speed sensor, ultrasonic sending and receiving circuit combined with ADC sampling function of the chip, to obtain the received ultrasonic amplitude change data, statistics of ultrasonic waveform changes caused by blowing, according to the number of changes in the wind speed frequency, and then calculate the real-time wind speed.
Research on observability of two wire-guided torpedoes tracking system
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Ye Xuefan , Li Bo , Miao Qi
Published: May 2022

Under special condition, the surface target could be attacked by the submarine with two wire-guided torpedoes with passive acoustic homing mode. When the acoustic homing device detects the target bearing and transmit it back to the submarine through the wire, a three-sensor detection system is constituted by the submarine’s integrated sonar and the two wire-guided torpedoes. Whether the system can effectively track the target is related to the observability of the system. Only by satisfying the observable conditions can the moving parameters of the target could be calculated. For the nonlinear characteristics of the two wire-guided torpedoes tracking system, the observation equation is treated by pseudo-linear processing, and then the observability of the linear system is analyzed by using the observability decision theorem of the linear system, then the conditions for judging the observability are given. Finally, the correctness of the conclusion is verified by simulation.
Application of GOA-GDOP in aircraft collaborative detection
Authors: Ding Liquan , Xue Dujuan , Dai Zhiyang , Liu Wei , Sui Yiqing
Published: May 2022

The cooperative detection of aircraft has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad in recent years. This paper mainly studies the positioning accuracy of the sensor-carrying aircraft in collaborative detection. By using Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA), Taking Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP) as the objective function, the relative position relationship between aircraft is determined, the optimal detection configuration is planned, and the feasibility of the algorithm is analyzed under limited flight area conditions, the positioning accuracy of collaborative detection is further improved.
Experimental study on vibration and noise of the ROEWE electric vehicle
Authors: Huang Hua , Li Yaojian , Xu Peiyun , Hu Dongmei , Li Huibin
Published: May 2022

In order to control the vibration and noise of the ROEWE electric vehicle, it is necessary to carry out the experimental study on the vibration and noise of the electric motor. Firstly, two acoustic sensors are arranged on both sides of the road to measure the pass-by noise of the electric vehicle and to analyze the influence of motor noise on the passing noise. Then, several acoustic sensors are arranged in the vehicle to measure the noise signal in the vehicle, and to analyze the characteristics of interior noise. At the same time, one acoustic sensor and three vibration acceleration sensors are arranged in the vehicle power cabin to measure the vibration signal, and measure the signals of the upper and lower vibration acceleration sensors of the powertrain mount, and analyze the vibration and noise characteristics of the motor and the vibration isolation rate of the powertrain mount. The experimental results show that the vibration of the ROEWE motor has obvious order characteristics, which is mainly composed of order components of order 8, order 16, order 24, order 40, order 48 and order 72 based on the motor output shaft speed and frequency converter switching frequency components concentrating on 10000Hz and 20000Hz. Therefore, to reduce vehicle vibration and noise from the perspective of optimizing motor vibration, the impact of cogging torque on motor vibration should be mainly considered.
Classification of unassociated fermi-LAT sources
Authors: Meng Qiyu
Published: May 2022

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space telescope has detected 5788 sources in the 4FGL catalogue. Among them, 271 have been associated to pulsars, 3436 to blazars, and 1782 remain unassociated sources. Unassociated sources are object for which there is not a clear counterpart in other wavelengths. In this paper I investigated which are the parameters that can distinguish efficiently between pulsars and blazars among unassociated sources. I found that the most powerful parameters are the flux variability, power law index and latitude. Starting from these parameters, I have determined good cuts that disentangle pulsars from blazars. I have applied the cuts for the above cited parameters to the unassociated sources and determined that 142 of them are pulsars. The selection used in this paper can be applied to other sources to examine whether they are pulsars or blazars, which will contribute to the determination of the type of the newly detected sources
Analysis of equilibrium point based on viscous traffic flow model
Authors: Ai Wenhuan , Ma Yunfei , Liu Dawei
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the phase plane analysis method is used, which can describe and predict the nonlinear traffic phenomenon on Expressway from the perspective of system global stability. The nonlinear system of the model is obtained by the traveling wave substitution and Taylor expansion of the model, and the equilibrium point of the model is solved by specifying the model parameters. According to the definite theory of differential equation, the model is further analyzed to judge the type and stability of equilibrium point. Finally, numerical verification is carried out according to the simulation diagram. Through numerical verification, the simulation results of the model are consistent with the conclusions of theoretical analysis. It can more clearly describe the change of density or speed with time or road section.
Landslide detection of optical remote sensing image based on attention and u-net
Authors: Su Riya , Yang Yanming
Published: May 2022

With the improvement of remote sensing image technology, researchers pay more and more attention to detecting landslides in optical remote sensing images. In this paper, the landslide is detected by semantic segmentation model based on deep learning, U-shaped network is used to enhance the extraction ability of landslide features, and the model pays more attention to landslide area through attention mechanism, so as to make the model detect landslide more accurately. Through experiments on the Bijie Landslide Dataset, the values of OA and mIoU in this model are increased by 1% and 16% respectively. The boundary of landslide is more straightforward and more accurate.
Design of tobacco storage environment monitoring system based on Lora technology
Authors: Tang Xubo , Liu Shuai , Zang Chunhua
Published: May 2022

Lora (Long Range) wireless communication technology is unique in IoT communication solutions with its advantages of low power consumption and wide coverage. In the process of cigarette production, the storage environment during storage will affect the quality of tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves themselves will cause greater attenuation during signal transmission. By analyzing the storage environment of tobacco leaves, this paper proposes a wireless real-time environmental monitoring system based on Lora communication technology, including data collection nodes, Lora gateways, etc., and introduces their functions in detail. Finally, the feasibility is verified by testing.
The boundary conditions of leader creativity expectations influencing employee creativity: job characteristic factors
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Wang Meng
Published: May 2022

This study included job autonomy and task dependence into the category of job characteristic factors, and expected to find out boundary conditions of leader creativity expectations affecting employee creativity. By sending questionnaires to 35 teams, 402 subordinates’ matching data were obtained and empirically analyzed. The results show that leader creativity expectations has a significant positive impact on employee creativity, and intrinsic motivation plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between them. Job autonomy positively moderates the relationship between leader creativity expectations and intrinsic motivation, and then enhances the indirect effect of leader creativity expectations on employee creativity through intrinsic motivation. Task dependence negatively moderates the relationship between leader creativity expectations and intrinsic motivation, and weakenes the indirect effect of leader creativity expectations through intrinsic motivation. The study enriches the relevant research framework and has practical significance for management practice.
Innovative research on the new business teaching model under the background of “normalization of epidemic prevention and control”
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Shi Li
Published: May 2022

Under the background of epidemic, education needs to be updated to truly implement education fairness and improve national quality. Through the research of questionnaire, this paper considers that the new business teaching model suitable for the current stage tends to three aspects: First, with the rise of Internet combined education, suspending classes without suspending learning. Second, the campus implements closed management, teachers use “1 + 3 + 4 + X” teaching mode. The third is the teacher sharing thinking and gifted experience and builds a quality team.
Application of virtual simulation experiment system in instrumental analysis teaching in colleges
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Du Jiang , Zhang Weikang
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of computer information technology, the virtual simulation technology is coming as the times require. In recent years, due to its good interactivity, versatility and openness, virtual laboratories have received increasing widely attention in the field of instrumental analysis experiment teaching. The current teaching demonstration is limited by the laboratory equipment, resulting in a lot of students fell behind the class. Combined with the advantages and experimental teaching characteristics of virtual simulation technology, a set of virtual experiment teaching system was designed. The system includes experimental purposes, experimental content, experimental principles, teaching animations, virtual operation training, precautions, and experimental virtual tests. The virtual experiment teaching system can be used as an important supplement to the experimental teaching, and improve teaching effects.
Advances of the phylogenetic relationships in gibbon
Authors: Li Qingqing , Li Momo , Guo Aiwei , Wang Qilin , Chen Fenfen , Liu Lili , Yang Yajing , Duan Yanqing
Published: May 2022

Gibbons are a family (Hylobatidae) of ape species endemic to the rainforests of the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia, including four well-recognized genera (Hylobates, Nomascus, Symphalangus, and Hoolock). Most gibbon species are known as considered “endangered” or “critically endangered” (IUCN 2009). This present article gives a review on the research progress of phylogenetic relationships between gibbon species and closely related genera utilizing a range of different traits (e.g., vocalization, morphology, karyotype, mtDNA, Y chromosomes, Autosomes, Alu, and whole genome). Our aim held great potential to clarify more directions in researches on identification of genetic relationship, to provide reference for molecular biology research and useful information for further gibbon research.
A full duplex FSO transmission system using RZ-4PAM downlink signals with 67% duty cycle and AMI uplink signals
Authors: Yu Ni , Shao Yufeng , Wang Anrong , Wang Zhuang , Yang Jie , Tian Qing , Yi Linfang , Yang Qiming , Li Yanlin , Chen Peng , Li Chong , Liu Shuanfan , Zuo Renjie , Yuan Jie
Published: May 2022

To improve the transceiver quality of Free Space Optical (FSO) system and ensure that user access is feasible the network, a high-speed full-duplex 100 meters FSO transmission scheme using 67% duty cycle RZ-4PAM downlink and alternative mark inversion (AMI) uplink signals is designed system. In the downlink, one PAM sequence generator and one Mary pulse generator (MPG) module are used to generate 67% RZ-4PAM optical signals at 10Gbit/s through a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator (MZM). The upstream AMI signals generator by the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generator and the precoding process. We have measured optical spectrums, time-domain waveforms and eye diagrams before and after signals transmission by system simulation. The transceiver performance of the downstream RZ-4PAM with 67% duty cycle and upstream AMI optical signals the in the 100m FSO transmission system is analyzed.