bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchestrating frugal eco-innovation: the plethora of challenges and diagnostics in lean startups of emerging economies
Authors: Abbas Syed Mudasser , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Sustainable development research assumes that startups, under extreme financial constraints, cannot sacrifice resources now for benefits later without risking their survival. Furthermore, their non-compliance with environmental regulations adds fuel to the fire. This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by startups in resource-scarce economies and the innovative ways of coping with these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for the study was collected through 17 semi-structured interviews taken from startup owners and industry experts based in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The transcribed data were coded through NVivo 12 and themes were generated by merging 47 open and 14 axial codes.

Findings

The findings show that a lack of government support and lack of organisational readiness and motivation significantly affect startups’ frugal eco-innovation. Empirical evidence reveals problems related to the business ecosystem, and internal organisational issues also contribute to challenges faced by startups in attaining a competitive position in the industry.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s findings suggested leveraging dynamic capabilities can help lean startups in frugal eco-innovation. Furthermore, organisational cohesion, business ecosystem, government regulations and assistantship, organisational mismanagement and market realisation are decisive in startups’ competitive position in emerging economies.

Practical implications

The findings of the study will result in a higher adoption rate of more competitive business models, and hence, startups’ sustainability. The results would be an effective and efficient deployment of sustainable technological solutions, creating more customer and shareholder value leading to economic growth.

Originality/value

This research offers a comprehensive analysis of frugal eco-innovative startups by exploring the interplay between different challenges and organisational capabilities. Furthermore, the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence that eco-innovation can be conducted in a resource-constrained environment. This study challenged the scholarly and managerial assumption of the availability of finances as a significant player in eco-innovation. The study also links the Darwin theory of startups to a competitive edge over rivals for startups’ survival.
The impact of values on consumer adoption of takāful with mediating role of religiosity and moderating role of confusion
Authors: Sarfraz Amer , Khurshid Mian Asif
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to address a leading challenge of confusion about the concept of takāful confronted by existing and potential consumers of the insurance industry. There are multiple sources of confusion, including the lack of consensus among religious scholars to implement a standardized business model of takāful, the lack of knowledge or awareness and the lack of skilled or trained personnel, which prevent existing and potential consumers from adopting takāful products or services. The fundamental concept of takāful is introduced mainly to fulfill the religious, social and economic needs of Muslims. Thus, the choice of takāful activates the religious, cultural, family and tradition values of individuals. Hence, the primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of tradition value and stimulation value on consumer adoption of takāful services. Further, the scope of this study is extended to establish the mediating role of religiosity and moderating role of confusion on the association between tradition value and consumer adoption of takāful services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows quantitative research methods and a cross-sectional approach for data collection. Thus, the sample is collected from 768 respondents belongs to rural and urban areas by using a close-ended questionnaire. The mediation and moderation analysis are performed by using Andrew F. Hayes process Models-4 and −5.

Findings

The result reveals that religiosity mediates and confusion moderates the relationship of tradition value and consumer adoption of takāful. However, the tradition value shows a negative effect on consumer adoption of takāful. Moreover, the confusion negatively moderates the association between tradition value and consumer adoption of takāful. Finally, the stimulation value also reflects a negative effect on consumer adoption of takāful services.

Originality/value

The findings of this study shed novel insights into the existing literature of takāful and basic human values. The outcomes of stimulation values contradict with the findings of Wang et al. (2008). The result of mediation analysis reveals that religiosity plays a vital role in activating the goals of tradition value, which motivates consumers to adopt takāful services. The present study is useful for takāful operators to understand the value priorities of prospect clients belong to rural and urban areas.
A mixed-method approach for modelling customer-centric mobile phone reverse logistics: application of social media data
Authors: Shokouhyar Sajjad , Dehkhodaei Amirhossein , Amiri Bahar
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Recently, reverse logistics (RL) has become more prominent due to growing environmental concerns, social responsibility, competitive advantage and high efficiency by customers because of the expansion of product selection and shorter product life cycle. However, effective implementation of RL results in some direct advantages, the most important of which is winning customer satisfaction that is vital to a firm’s success. Therefore, paying attention to customer feedback in supply chain and logistics processes has recently increased so that manufacturers have decided to transform their RL into customer-centric RL. Hence, this paper aims to identify the features of a mobile phone which affect consumer purchasing behaviour and to analyse the interrelationship among them to develop a framework for customer-centric RL. These features are studied based on website analysis of several mobile phone manufacturers. The special focus of this paper is on social media data (Twitter) in an attempt to help the decision-making process in RL through a big data analysis approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A portfolio of mobile phone features that affect consumer’s mobile phone purchasing decisions has been taken from website analysis by several mobile phone manufacturers to achieve this objective. Then, interrelationships between the identified features have been established by using big data supplemented with interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Apart from that, cross-impact matrix multiplication, applied to classification analysis, was carried out to graphically represent these features based on their driving power and dependence.

Findings

During the study, it has been observed from the ISM that the chip (F5) is the most significant feature that affects customer’s buying behaviour; therefore, mobile phone manufacturers realize that this is to be addressed first.

Originality/value

The focus of this paper is on social media data (Twitter) so that experts can understand the interaction between mobile phone features that affect consumer’s decisions on mobile phone purchasing by using the results.
Procuring healthcare public-private partnerships (PPPs) through unsolicited proposals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Casady Carter B. , Baxter David
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has left nations around the world scrambling to procure emergency healthcare capacity, services and equipment. To meet this unprecedented demand on global healthcare systems, governments are increasingly looking to partner with the private sector via public-private partnerships (PPPs). However, the protracted procedures of traditional PPP procurements are not suitable for times of crisis. This is where unsolicited proposals (USPs) may play a pivotal role.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the relevance of USPs for the current pandemic, this Viewpoint paper describes both the advantages and challenges of USPs, discusses the emergence of several PPPs to combat COVID-19 as well as some of the ad hoc processes governing current USP consideration, highlights an example of streamlined USP solicitation from Pennsylvania’s Department of Transportation and articulates a pragmatic and practical approach for encouraging and procuring healthcare USPs.

Findings

This Viewpoint paper concludes that USPs could play a crucial role in the COVID-19 pandemic as boundary spanners between public agencies and the private sector in the PPP procurement process.

Social implications

Deploying proactive and strategic healthcare PPPs at speed and scale through digital USP platforms may help mitigate the pandemic’s long-term effects. Digital USP platforms may also serve as crucial tools for effective crisis communication, decision-making and partnership.

Originality/value

Using the digital USP platforms proposed in this paper, infrastructure organizations can develop and maintain effective partnerships with other sector organizations prior to and during crises like COVID-19.
Organisational and professional challenges amid the evolution of sustainability reporting: a theoretical framework and an agenda for future research
Authors: Lai Alessandro , Stacchezzini Riccardo
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to trace subsequent steps of the sustainability reporting evolution in terms of changes in the organisation fields and professional jurisdictions involved. As such, it highlights the (interrelated) organisational and professional challenges associated with the progressive incorporation of “sustainability” within corporate reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on Suddaby and Viale’s (2011) theorisation of how professionals reshape organisational fields to highlight how organisational spaces, actors, rules and professional capital evolve alongside the incorporation of sustainability within corporate reporting.

Findings

The paper shows organisational spaces, actors, rules and professional capital mobilised during the recent evolution of sustainability reporting, starting from a period in which there was no space for sustainability, to more recent periods in which sustainability gained increasing momentum beyond initial niches, and culminating in more integrated forms of sustainability reporting.

Research limitations/implications

Although the analysis is limited to empirical evidence collected by prior research and practice on sustainability reporting, the paper offers a view to imagine how the incorporation of sustainability within corporate reporting relies on and affects organisational fields and professional jurisdictions.

Originality/value

The paper offers a lens to interpret corporate and professional challenges associated with the more recent evolutions of sustainability reporting practice and standard setting. It also allows framing the papers accepted in the special issue on “new challenges in sustainability reporting” and concludes by suggesting an agenda for future research.
Depressive symptoms, developing friendships, and social support through online gaming: a mixed-method analysis of online gaming network communication
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Hartnell Logan , Patterson Megan S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Online gaming offers avenue to connect with others producing social capital especially for individuals lacking in-real-life (IRL) social support; however, there is concerns related to mental health and depressive symptoms (DS). Virtually mediated social connections are particularly important during times of social distancing. This paper aims to investigate discussant networks established through an online gaming site and their possible association with DS and social support.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants (n = 40) recruited from an online gaming site reported DS, online and IRL social support, and site members with whom they discussed important life matters. Participants also reported topics of conversation discussed and reason for communication. Quadratic assignment procedure multiple regression was used to determined significant associations between network structure, DS and social support.

Findings

DS were significantly associated with online (ß = 0.39) and IRL social support (ß = −0.44). Online social support was significantly associated with network structural factors. Topics reported by members most often were bridging capital topics while topics reported by members in most recent conversation were bonding capital topics. Members mentioned bonding social capital concepts as motivation for conversation.

Social implications

Building online relationships to provide bonding social capital could supply buffering effects for those feeling socially isolated during social distancing.

Originality/value

This paper is among the first to approach online gaming communication through social network analysis and qualitative analysis mixed method approach.
Trickle-down effect of moral leadership on unethical employee behavior: a cross-level moderated mediation model
Authors: Jiang Rui , Lin Xinqi
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Moral leadership is a common leadership style in Chinese society and is of great significance to Chinese organizations. Unethical employee behavior also widely exists in all kinds of social organizations and brings great harm. The research on the relationship between moral leadership and unethical employee behavior has not been involved yet, but it is important. This paper studies how moral manager (senior leader) leadership trickles down to unethical employee behavior through moral supervisor (employee direct supervisor) leadership, and discusses the moderating effect of LMX and ethical climate.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the questionnaire survey of 406 pairs of leaders and employees, and use multilevel path analysis, we test the hypothesis in this paper.

Findings

The research results show that (1) Moral manager leadership is negatively related to unethical employee behavior. (2) Moral supervisor leadership mediates the relationship between moral manager leadership and unethical employee behavior. (3) LMX positively moderates the relationship between moral manager leadership and moral supervisor leadership, and moderates the mediating effect of moral supervisor leadership. (4) Ethical climate positively moderates the relationship between moral supervisor leadership and unethical employee behavior, and moderates the mediating effect of moral supervisor leadership.

Originality/value

First, this study further proves that moral leadership is a popular positive leadership among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership that extends its influence to unethical employee behavior. Second, this study traces the source of the moral leadership of employees' supervisors and reveals the action mechanism of how moral manager leadership affects unethical employee behavior. Finally, LMX provides the organizational context of the trickle-down effect and the occurrence of unethical employee behavior.
“I felt like I was not just a student:” examining graduate student learning at academic and professional conferences
Authors: Campbell Anne , Wick David , Marcus Amy , Doll JoAnn , Yunuba Hammack Aleena
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore what new knowledge is gained at academic and professional conferences by describing how this knowledge complements or contradicts campus-based learning and previous experiences of graduate students. Through gaining insights into conference-based learning, researchers and policymakers can create more complex and dynamic graduate student learning experiences and design conferences that welcome and encourage graduate student perspectives and voices.

Design/methodology/approach

Rooted in transformative learning theory, this qualitative study explores what and how master’s level graduate students learn at professional and academic conferences.

Findings

Findings point to four categories of learning through conferences: students acquired empirical knowledge, gained insights into professional and scholarly trends and values, explored diversity of the conference body and their own belonging and benchmarked their knowledge in relationship to scholars and professionals. Interviewees gained this knowledge by linking conference-based learning to their graduate school curriculum and previous knowledge and experiences.

Practical implications

Findings suggest considerations for educators, policymakers and administrators to enhance learning in graduate programs through in-person and virtual conference attendance.

Originality/value

This study adds to minimal existing research on graduate student learning beyond the campus that contributes to holistic learning at the master’s level. The findings on conference-based learning for graduate students go beyond the common notion of conferences as places of socialization for graduate students. These findings are increasingly relevant as academic and professional conferences are being reconsidered in the shift to the virtual space.
Mobility industry call center location selection under sustainability: a two-phase decision-making approach
Authors: Ding Shishu , Xu Jun , Dai Lei , Hu Hao
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to solve the facility location problem of mobility industry call centers comprehensively, considering both investment efficiency and long-term development efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a two-phase decision-making approach within a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework has been proposed to help select optimal locations among various alternate locations. Both quantitative and qualitative information is collected and processed based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Then the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution method is incorporated in the framework to assess the overall feasibility of all alternates.

Findings

A real case of a mobility giant in China is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Sensitivity analysis also proves the robustness of the framework.

Originality/value

This two-phase MCDM framework allows the mobility industry call center location to be selected considering economic, human resource and sustainability elements comprehensively. The framework proposed in this paper might be applicable to other companies in the mobility industry when deciding optimal locations of call centers.
Fertilisation with dehydrated sewage sludge affects the phytophagous Hemiptera, tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators on Acacia mangium (Fabaceae)
Authors: Silva Júlia Letícia , Leite Germano Leão Demolin , Guanabens Rafael Eugenio Maia , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: June 2021

Macro‐ and micronutrients from dehydrated sewage sludge are important for the development of plants such as Acacia mangium in processes for recovering degraded areas. The abundance, diversity and species richness of phytophagous Hemiptera, tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators on A. mangium plants fertilised with dehydrated sewage sludge in a degraded area, compared to trees which did not receive this fertiliser, were evaluated. The experiment was completely randomised, with two treatments (either with or without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replications. The abundance of phytophagous Hemiptera and tending ants was higher on plants fertilised with dehydrated sewage sludge and was similar between the two treatments for Sternorrhyncha predators. The diversity and richness of tending ant species were lower and higher in the treatments with or without dehydrated sewage sludge, respectively. Aethalion reticulatum and Quesada gigas Olivier were more abundant on fertilised plants, Acrogonia sp. was more abundant on nonfertilised ones, and other sucking insects were similar between the two treatments. The abundance of Brachymyrmex sp., Cephalotes sp., Pseudomyrmex termitarius and Syrphus sp. was higher on A. mangium plants which had been fertilised with dehydrated sewage sludge, and that of Cycloneda sanguinea was higher on nonfertilised plants. Membracis sp., Phenacoccus sp. and Q. gigas showed higher abundance as the total number of A. mangium leaves increased. Aleyrodidae abundance increased with Brachymyrmex sp., while Chrysoperla sp. reduced that of Aleyrodidae and Phenacoccus sp. The larger plant crown of A. mangium fertilised with dehydrated sewage sludge explains the greater abundance of phytophagous Hemiptera and tending ants and indicates its potential for recovering degraded areas.
The Nature of Affective Polarization: Disentangling Policy Disagreement from Partisan Identity
Authors: Dias Nicholas , Lelkes Yphtach
Published: June 2021

Democrats and Republicans clearly dislike one another. Yet, scholars debate whether policy disagreement or partisan identity, per se, drives interparty animus. Past studies suggest the relationship between partisanship and interpersonal affect is spurious, driven by inferred policy preferences. We argue, instead, that policy preferences signal partisan identity when the parties' stances on an issue are well‐known. Using a nationally representative survey and four preregistered experiments, we disentangle the effects of policy disagreement and partisan identity on interpersonal affect. Our findings suggest that partisan identity is the principal mechanism of affective polarization, and that policy preferences factor into affective polarization largely by signaling partisan identity. However, our results also affirm that policy disagreement in itself drives interpersonal affect. This provides evidence that partisanship reflects an emotional attachment to a political party, not merely a running tally of rational considerations.
Metadehumanization erodes democratic norms during the 2020 presidential election
Authors: Landry Alexander P. , Ihm Elliott , Kwit Spencer , Schooler Jonathan W.
Published: June 2021

The present research directly replicates past work suggesting that metadehumanization, the perception that another group dehumanizes your own group, erodes Americans’ support for democratic norms. In the days surrounding the 2020 US Presidential Election, American political partisans perceived that their political opponents dehumanized them more than was actually the case. Partisans’ exaggerated metadehumanization inspired reciprocal dehumanization of the other side, which in turn predicted their support for subverting democratic norms to hurt the opposing party. Along with replicating past work demonstrating metadehumanization's corrosive effect on democratic integrity, we also contribute novel insights into this process. We found the most politically engaged partisans held the most exaggerated, and therefore most inaccurate, levels of metadehumanization. Moreover, despite the socially progressive and egalitarian outlook traditionally associated with liberalism, the most liberal Democrats actually expressed the greatest dehumanization of Republicans. This suggests that political ideology can at times be as much an expression of social identity as a reflection of deliberative policy considerations, and demonstrates the need to develop more constructive outlets for social identity maintenance.
Relations among motivation, behaviour, and performance in writing: A multiple‐group structural equation modeling study
Authors: Camacho Ana , Alves Rui A. , De Smedt Fien , Van Keer Hilde , Boscolo Pietro
Published: June 2021

Background

Writing is a particularly demanding activity, which poses unique motivational challenges for students. Despite the wealth of research on the relation between writing motivation and writing performance, little is known about the role of students’ writing frequency in writing motivation and writing performance.

Aims

We aimed to: (1) examine structural relations among two motivational variables (i.e., self‐efficacy and attitudes), a behavioural variable (i.e., writing frequency), and writing performance; and (2) inspect whether these relations varied across two text genres (i.e., narrative and opinion texts) and across two educational levels (i.e., students in grades 5–6 and grades 7–8).

Sample

Six hundred and five students from grades 5–8 participated in this study.

Methods

Students completed self‐report scales and wrote narrative and opinion texts. We conducted multiple‐group structural equation modeling to analyse the data.

Results

Regarding narrative texts, digital writing frequency was significantly associated with text quality for students in grades 7–8, but this relation was not significant in students from grades 5–6. Both attitudes and self‐efficacy for self‐regulation made a direct contribution to narrative text quality across educational levels. In addition, attitudes were associated with both literary and digital writing frequency across educational levels. Concerning opinion texts, no significant differences emerged in terms of educational level. Attitudes contributed to both literary and digital writing frequency as well as to opinion text quality across educational levels.

Conclusions

This study underlines the fundamental contribution of motivational variables to students’ writing performance. Accordingly, teachers need to adopt motivation‐enhancing practices in writing instruction across grade levels.
Cortical adult neurogenesis and its biological implication
Authors: Ohira Koji
Published: June 2021

It is well established that adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone, but a controversy remains about adult neurogenesis in other regions. The cerebral cortex is the most controversial site and has long been of interest to not only neuroscientists, but also scientists with broad backgrounds and medical doctors since the late 19th century. However, recent studies have been gradually clarifying that neurogenesis in the adult cerebral cortex occurs, especially under pathological conditions. These studies suggest that endogenous neural stem cells and/or progenitor cells might exist in or around the cerebral cortex, and be useful for regenerative cell therapy in cases of brain insults and diseases. In this review, recent literature regarding neurogenesis in the adult cerebral cortex is summarized, and the possibility of cell therapy for cortex‐related disorders is discussed.
The “Old Testaments” of the peoples. Grundtvig's discernment of life's true order (human first, Christian next) and its relevance for the new eco‐recognition of ancestral bonds in time and space
Authors: Salomonsen Jone
Published: June 2021

The intellectual distinction between Jews and Gentiles, Christians and Pagans is a division between true and false religion. Danish theologian N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872) refuted this binary when he “matchlessly discovered” that pagan simply denotes a natural, pre‐Christian human, created in the image of God. Inborn and cultured spirits of life simply convey a people's “Old Testament,” which may also be treasured as independent sources of pride, cultural knowledge, community, and historicity. In this article, I approach Grundtvig's discovery as method, and discuss its potential to teach a climate sensitive age kinship with a particular linage of dwellers (nomads, peasants, Sami, Vikings, moderns), a specific landscape, and with spirit as breath and sensory belonging to a larger‐than‐human community. It will include a brief reflection on how native Christian scholars treat this problematic, how gendered rereadings of Norse mythology may still enlighten the present, and how new ecological concerns about deep entanglements may open Norwegian memory to its first migrants: nomadic hunters and gatherers.
HUMBOLDT AND THE AMERICAN WEST: DEFENDING OR DEFEATING THE ‘MANIFEST DESTINY’?1
Authors: Rebok Sandra
Published: June 2021

With Humboldt's long‐lasting interest in the scientific exploration of the American West and the promising future he foresaw for the United States once the nation expanded to the Pacific, it is not surprising that he was appropriated to promote the ‘Manifest Destiny’ – the conviction that Americans were destined to settle on the entire North American continent. His continuous support of the people and institutions involved in this endeavour was understood as a statement in favour of this belief, and Humboldtian science was used in order to justify settlement and the growth of the new nation. However, this appropriation put Humboldt in a delicate position regarding the Spanish crown, to which he was grateful for the exceptional travel authorisation he had received in 1799, and to Mexico, the nation that had awarded him honorary citizenship in 1827. It is therefore necessary to take a closer look at his stance on US territorial interests. This article analyses the questions of whether Humboldt really believed in the idea of American exceptionalism, how he expressed himself regarding specific settlement projects, and whether US expansion, including its consequences for Spanish and later Mexican interests, was in accordance with his personal convictions.
‘BIG DATA’ AND ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT'S APPROACH TO SCIENCE
Authors: Grana‐Behrens Daniel
Published: June 2021

This article departs from the hypothesis that Alexander von Humboldt used ‘Big Data’ in order to bring new scientific evidence into the open. His method of measuring and combining temperature, humidity, altitude and magnetism in a geographical environment must be regarded as innovative, indeed, as the foundation of modern science. Although Humboldt lived in an analogue world and used the instruments of his time, his way of assembling information was not so different from what we are seeing in today's digitalised world. Information has no value unless it is shared. It does not say anything unless it is linked with other data. It cannot remain isolated but must be compared and interpreted. The generation of ʻBig Dataʼ was a pathway to Humboldt's concept of ʻKosmosʼ in much the same way as ʻBig Dataʼ today is the pathway to a virtual world. In this sense, Humboldt not only laid the foundation of modern science but anticipated the existence of a world where data and information are the source of everything when it comes to understanding the interconnectivity of the physical and the virtual world.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manzanares Isabel , Sevilla Guerra Sonia , Lombraña Mencía María , Acar‐Denizli Nihan , Miranda Salmerón Josep , Martinez Estalella Gemma
Published: June 2021

Aim

To describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals from a public hospital in Barcelona, Spain after the first peak of pandemic.

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain has pushed boundaries in health systems and, especially, for health professionals. Analysis of resilience as an individual resource and it is essential to understand the mechanisms that make staff react unfavourably to stressors caused by the pandemic.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed.

Participants

Health professionals supervised by the nursing department, including registered nurses, health care assistants, health technicians, final year nurse student nurses, foreign nurses, and other nurse‐related health workers.

Methods

The study complies with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. An online survey was administered to all health professionals supervised by the nursing department between 6 and 27 May 2020. The survey included the ER‐14 Resilience Scale, the widely‐used PHQ‐9 depression scale, the Spanish version of the Nursing Stress Scale, and an ad‐hoc questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic and occupational variables.

Results

A total of 686 participants answered the survey. Resilience was high or very high in health professionals, with an inverse correlation with stress and depression scores. Personal on fixed shifts showed better resilience. The most stressed health professionals were full‐time registered nurses, followed by health care assistants. Up to 25% of nursing professionals had depression.

Conclusion

Our study showed a high degree of resilience among nurse professionals despite the overwhelming nature of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Relevant signs of depression and stress were detected among participants. Occupational factors heavily influenced nurses’ resilience, stress and depression.

Implications for Nursing & Health Policy

Government policy shifts are needed in Spain to improve nurses’ workforce conditions, enhance the ratio of nurses to patient numbers, and avoid workforce losses. Maintaining the resilience of health professionals would assist in improving their health and their capacity to possible future emergency situations.
Multiobjective land–water allocation model for sustainable agriculture with predictive stochastic yield response
Authors: Amaruchkul Kannapha
Published: June 2021

Consider an agricultural land–water resource allocation problem in which yields are spatial dependent and stochastically correlated. To achieve sustainability, we formulate a multiobjective (MO) optimization problem, in which the decision maker determines the cultivation areas and the supplemental irrigation water levels at different locations, with social, economic, and environmental goals in mind. For the social goal, we minimize the root mean squared difference of incomes among locations. For the economic goal, we minimize the production risk. We show that minimizing production risk is equivalent to maximizing the service level, when demand is normally distributed. For the environmental goal, we minimize the resource utilization. Assume that the yield vector at different locations follows a multivariate normal distribution. We formulate the MO optimization problem using a weight global criterion method, and we provide a sufficient condition for convex quadratic programming. We demonstrate the applicability of our proposed framework in the case study of sugarcane production in Thailand. To capture yield response to water, we propose several models including linear and nonlinear regressions, and we obtain the closed‐form expression for the linear and probit yield response models. The numerical experiment reveals that our solution significantly improves the social and economic goals, compared to the current policy. Finally, we illustrate how to apply our model to quantify the monetary value from reducing yield variability, which could be resulted from smart irrigation or precision agriculture.
Effect of earplugs and eye masks on the sleep quality of intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Chiu‐Shu , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Wang Ruey‐Hsia , Chou Fan‐Hao , Chang Shih‐Lun , Fang Ching‐Ju
Published: June 2021

Aims

To evaluate the effect of earplugs and eye masks on the sleep quality of patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Randomized controlled trial studies conducted before May 5, 2020 were searched for in Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases.

Review Methods

Analyses in this study were according to the PRISMA statement. The heterogeneity of the data was investigated through sub‐group analysis while a meta‐analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results

A total of 797 patients from 13 studies were included in this study. Without considering alone or combined use of earplugs and eye masks, the meta‐analysis supported that there was a significant effect on self‐reported sleep quality. The overall standardized mean difference of the effect size was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.80, 2.09]). Sub‐group analysis indicated that the use of earplugs alone had no significant effect on sleep quality (effect size: 0.07, 95% [CI]: [−0.50, 0.64]). The use of eye masks alone had a significant effect on sleep quality (effect size: 1.56, 95% [CI]: [1.08, 2.05]). The use of both earplugs and eye masks proved to have the largest effect size on sleep quality (effect size: 2.08, 95% [CI]: [0.95, 3.21]).

Conclusion

The combined use of earplugs and eye masks or the standalone use of eye masks is a non‐invasive, economical and effective way to promote sleep quality in adult ICU patients.

Impact

Clinical nurses could use this meta‐analysis as it recommends that nurses provide adult ICU patients with either one or both earplugs and eye masks to improve the patients’ sleep quality.

Study Registration

The review protocol was registered a priori and published online in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (www.crd.York.ac.uk/Prosperowith the registration number # CRD42021221185).
‘Blind laws’ and the bureaucracy of rights migrant industrial workers in post‐lockdown India
Authors: Ruthven Orlanda
Published: June 2021

After a traumatic lockdown in 2020, India's migrant factory workers have headed back to work and on worse terms than before. Struggling with new levels of denial of entitlements, workers respond by withdrawing from their fragile hold on formality, moving instead further into the informal sector. Based on voice notes recorded on Saajha Manch, a phone‐based community media platform, the paper examines workers' experience that their efforts to claim their rights lure them into a quagmire in a bureaucracy which sucks their energy while assuring no clear outcome. Seeing evidence of failed enforcement and structural inequality all around them, workers conclude that the law is not meant for them and hence show little interest in the new labour codes hastily enacted at the height of the pandemic. The paper highlights the dysfunction of the formal sector in delivering to its low‐waged workers who remain unserved in spite of registration and documentation in place. As they join the ranks of informality, however, migrant factory workers do not lose interest in associative and contentious activity. On the contrary, freedom from the bureaucracy of rights may be a boost to new forms of struggle.
Childhood CCL18, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels differentially relate to and predict allergy development
Authors: Huoman Johanna , Haider Sadia , Simpson Angela , Murray Clare S. , Custovic Adnan , Jenmalm Maria C.
Published: June 2021

Background

Chemokines are important mediators in immune cell recruitment, contributing to allergy development. However, extensive studies of chemokines in the circulation in relation to the presence and development of allergic diseases remain scarce. Our aim was to investigate associations of circulating allergy‐related chemokines with the development of asthma and sensitization cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in a population‐based cohort.

Methods

The chemokines CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL18 were measured in plasma samples from children in the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study. Samples were available from cord blood at birth (n = 376), age 1 (n = 195) and age 8 (n = 334). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal association analyses were performed in relation to asthma and allergic sensitization, as well as allergic phenotype clusters previously derived using machine learning in the same study population.

Results

In children with asthma and/or allergic sensitization, CCL18 levels were consistently elevated at 1 and/or 8 years of ages. In a longitudinal model including information on asthma from 4 time points (5, 8, 11 and 16 years of ages), we observed a significant association between increasing CCL18 levels at age 1 and a higher risk of asthma from early school age to adolescence (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.6, p = .028). We observed similar associations in longitudinal models for allergic sensitization. Asthma later in life was preceded by increased CXCL10 levels after birth and decreased CXCL11 levels at birth.

Conclusion

Elevated CCL18 levels throughout childhood precede the development of asthma and allergic sensitization. The Th1‐associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 also associated with the development of both outcomes, with differential temporal effects.
Current status of structural variation studies in plants
Authors: Yuan Yuxuan , Bayer Philipp E. , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David
Published: June 2021

Structural variations (SVs) including gene presence/absence variations and copy number variations are a common feature of genomes in plants and, together with single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetic differences, are responsible for the heritable phenotypic diversity observed within and between species. Understanding the contribution of SVs to plant phenotypic variation is important for plant breeders to assist in producing improved varieties. The low resolution of early genetic technologies and inefficient methods have previously limited our understanding of SVs in plants. However, with the rapid expansion in genomic technologies, it is possible to assess SVs with an ever‐greater resolution and accuracy. Here, we review the current status of SV studies in plants, examine the roles that SVs play in phenotypic traits, compare current technologies and assess future challenges for SV studies.
In the Peasant's Place: Social Problems and Narrative Practice in Turgenev's Notes from a Hunter
Authors: FLAHERTY JENNIFER
Published: June 2021

This article is concerned with the aesthetic and social tensions of the countryside in Ivan Turgenev's Notes from a Hunter (Zapiski okhotnika, 1847–52) as a site where two temporalities–history and immediacy–collide, producing shifts in narrative perspective and descriptive style. Behind these technical changes lie greater intellectual developments, refracting the nationalist discourses of the 1840s and the complex demands they produced for literature. Envisioned as what I call “the place of the peasant,” the countryside represents an ideal that combines aesthetic, social, and nationalist elements, accommodating the “here‐and‐now” as well as the socio‐historical structures that make it readable. Here, identity is contiguous with the environment, transparent to a sensitive observer, and supportive of a descriptive style that favors details in and of themselves. Building on scholarship that treats Notes from a Hunter as a laboratory for new narrative forms, I interpret social themes behind a search for a narrative perspective that modulates authorial distance, the emergence of character from type, and an increasingly selective descriptive style. Approaching the question of social tensions in Notes from a Hunter from a literary‐historical perspective, I also reconsider such topics as the ironization of gentry ignorance. On my account, at stake in the formulation of a new realist aesthetics in Notes from a Hunter is an essentialization of literature as a discourse closely associated with a mystique of peasant life and, by extension, a valorization of “the concrete” as a bulwark against history, otherness, self‐confrontation, and preceding literary styles. Through analyses of several stories of Notes from a Hunter against the background of theories of nationalism and histories of description and narration, I posit mutually illuminating connections between social and literary forms, from visions of character as socially displaced and narrative perspective as socially stable to Russian realism itself as a movement dependent on an ambiguous contrast with a peasant other.
DISCUSSION OF THE BOYLE LECTURE 2021
Authors: Watts Fraser N.
Published: June 2021

This short article summarizes and extends the panel discussion that followed the Boyle Lecture 2021 by Tom McLeish. The panel largely accepted the central claims of the lecture and focused rather on its implications. That included the importance of teaching history and philosophy of science alongside science itself, and the importance of finding helpful and appropriate ways of engaging the public in the scientific process. There was considerable discussion of the place of meditative and contemplative practices in science. It seems that intuition and imagination play an important role in scientific discovery, if not in more formal theorizing, and are close to contemplative experience. Emphasizing that aspect of science might lead to a refocusing of natural theology, focusing more on scientific processes than on scientific findings.
Experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in the acute setting: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: George Stacey , Barrett Matt , De Ionno Jessica , Fletcher Laura , Choo Wen Shin , Rivas-Dominguez Sergio , Romanic Nikolina , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Stern Cindy
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize and integrate the best available evidence on the experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in the acute setting.

Introduction:

Occupational therapy is a client-centered health profession promoting health and well-being through occupation. In acute hospital settings, occupational therapy interventions are provided to patients to maximize function, prevent readmission, and promote safe discharge. Recent studies have demonstrated that occupational therapy has modified its practice in acute settings to include advocacy, team facilitation, and rapid clinical reasoning. This review will investigate not only the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions, but also the experiences of patients, caregivers, and clinicians in the acute setting.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies on the experiences and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions delivered in acute settings. For the qualitative component, the experiences of patients and caregivers receiving any occupational therapy intervention, and clinicians directly or indirectly involved in delivering occupational therapy interventions, will be investigated. For the quantitative component, occupational therapy interventions will be compared with non-occupational therapy interventions, no intervention, wait-list, or other inactive or active (usual care) control interventions. Patient outcomes will include impairment, activities of daily living, psychological outcomes, and quality of life, while health system outcomes will include health care utilization and patient flow.

Methods:

The databases to be searched include CINAHL, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (Ovid), OT Seeker, PsycINFO (Ovid), and Scopus. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis and integration will utilize the JBI segregated approach to mixed methods systematic reviews.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020206363