bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving objectivity and validity of waste generation standards in repair and refurbishment field
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Velichko Evgeny G. , Chertes Konstantin L. ,   Samara State Technical University, Tshovrebov Eduard S. ,   Academy of safety and special program
Published: December 2022

In the present work, improving the objectivity, reliability and validity of waste generation standards in the repair and refurbishment field is discussed due to their importance in ensuring environmental safe-ty during construction, reconstruction, capital and running repairs and facility maintenance. The study is based on logical and analytical research methods. Regulatory and procedural guidelines on rationing industrial waste generation were summarised and classified in industries, economic sectors and eco-nomic activity. It was shown that the information background on waste generation and disposal limits comprises outdated standards adopted in the 1970s – early 1990s. In the past decades, given the pro-found changes in the repair and refurbishment technology, equipment and methods due to scientific and technical development, these standards have become an unreliable estimate of waste generation and flow. Here, the measures are proposed to remedy the issues with environmental regulation of waste generation. The obtained results indicate the need for a unified system of developing relative waste generation rates categorised by industry and cross-industry economic activity, as well as adopt-ing nationally recognised organisational, management and legal decisions.
Internship as a practice of developing professional competencies of students
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Pulyaevsky Pavel E. , Zakharchuk Marina G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to developing professional competencies among students studying 07.03.02 "Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage" during internships based at restoration work-shops. Presently, the problems of reconstruction and restoration of stone and wooden architectural constructions are highly relevant, and specialists in this area are in demand in the labour market. Ir-kutsk is a historical city where monuments of architecture have survived. However, the historic build-ings typical of the capital of Eastern Siberia are on the verge of extinction; therefore, it is necessary to preserve cultural heritage objects. The article discusses the concepts of competence and "skills ap-proach", their role in training and implementing this approach. It is noted that the RF state educational standards are developed based on introducing a "skills approach" in assessing the quality of education. The article considers the internship for obtaining professional skills and professional experience that contribute to the professional competencies of future graduates of the "Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage" department. We analysed the stages of the internship and restoration project and described the methodology and application of restoration standards for preserving a cultural herit-age object. The cultural and historical context of historical and bibliographic research was revealed; restoration methods necessary for reconstructing the original appearance of an architectural monu-ment are considered. Particular attention is paid to the professional experience obtained as a result of the internship.
Application of sociological research methods in organising coastal territories (on an example of Ir-kutsk)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sidorova Anna A. , Kozlov Valery V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The present work aims to study the specificity of applying sociological methods in organising coastal areas. In the autumn of 2020, in the framework of this work, a sociological study of urban space per-ception by its inhabitants was carried out. The object of research comprises the territory of the Top Embankment of the Angara River in Irkutsk (Lisikha district) as an element of the urban environment, where groups and communities of Irkutsk citizens cohabit, having different visions of the same territo-ry. Data acquisition was carried out using a questionnaire. People permanently residing on the territory of Irkutsk were selected as respondents. The survey showed that the state of the recreational space at the Top Embankment area of Irkutsk – the least developed part of the Angara river embankment – is low rated by residents. As a basic concept of territory development, citizens prefer a stepwise space transformation that includes zones for pedestrians and cyclists. Furthermore, landscape gardening, building sport zones and facilities increasing the recognition of the territory attract district residents. Thus, the study allowed the citizen preferences to be identified to design a reconstruction project of the Top Embankment territory at the Angara river in the Lisikha district of Irkutsk. Urban design that considers the opinion of citizens is a modern trend, which meets the challenges of the time and re-flects the concepts and principles of urban planning nowadays.
Functional-compositional principles and methods for fulfilling tourist potential of a coastal street (on an example of the Listvyanka work settlement)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Khomut Kseniya A. , Fedyaeva Violetta A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shestopalova Nataliya V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

To identify architectural-artistic characteristics and potential of a place, as well as to regulate the ap-pearance and typological integrity of street elements, we analyse the current site development of the Gorkii central street, spread along the coastline of the Listvyanka work settlement. The reseach relied on the methods of architectural surveying of the existing buildings and design, which, among other things, includes structuring the space following specific functional and compositional-artistic principles. These principles were established by an educational and design analysis of the street and included the hands-on systematisation of morphotypes, existing spatial elements, as well as surveys and photo fixa-tion of building facades forming the panorama of central street development in the Listvyanka work settlement. The paper proposes a system view of the space planning decision of Gorkii Street, includ-ing its improvement as a public space. The functional-compositional principles and methods for ful-filling the tourist potential of a coastal street in Listvyanka are also discussed. The main compositional components are determined. The solutions for creating a compositionally integral street following the already established development are proposed. Particular attention is paid to structuring the space and forming an integral architectural and artistic appearance of the street. This study allowed the recom-mendations for improving the settlement to be formulated that were presented to the administration of the Listvyanska municipal formation.
Electronic procurements in Russia: digitalisation of selected processes
Authors:   Baikal State University, Doroshenko Т. G. , Sukhanova I. A. ,   Baikal State University, Yamshchikovа I. V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

In this study, the current level and prospects of digitalisation and automation of key economic pro-cesses in public and corporate procurement were assessed, as well as their role in improving the effi-ciency of procurement results. The work involved a combination of general scientific methods, includ-ing statistical and comparative analysis, the study of expert prognoses, a systematic approach, the method of optimal decision-making and expert evaluations. A comprehensive analysis of the digitalisa-tion and automation of procurement in the Russian Federation was carried out considering the regula-tory legislation on procurement (in terms of regulatory requirements). An expert conformity-assessment of the current digitalisation level of procurement business processes with the actual de-mands of economic agents was carried out. The results showed that regulated procurement in the Russian Federation undergoes the initial stage of digital transformation. The electronisation and auto-mation of procurement business processes are highly irregular under the duality in the procurement legislation. In a number of areas, this results in higher transaction costs for economic agents. It was also revealed that inadequate regulatory practices in specific processes significantly slow down their digital transformation. In the IT sector of state procurement, it is necessary to expand the use of inno-vative technologies. The dependence of critical IT infrastructure on foreign software and equipment should be minimal.
Statistical patterns of changes in internal resistance parameters of cement composites during freezing and thawing
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Pinus B. I. , Korneeva I. G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kalashnikov M. P. ,   East Siberia state university of technology and management
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of an experimental part of the probabilistic and statistical approach to the design accounting of consequences caused by non-stationary stochastic changes in the temperature and humidity of external environment. Cryogenic effects of the environment are modelled by cyclic freezing tests according to the third method of GOST 1006-2012. Two series of cubic and prismatic (100 × 100 × 400 mm) samples were tested, including standard concrete (SC) and fibrous concrete (FC, µ = 1.5%) reinforced by polypropilen fibres with df = 0.8 mm diameter and lf = 40 mm length. Following the specified number of cycles, the samples were subject to axial compression under the constant deformation rate of 5·10-3 1/s. The kinetics of cyclic freezing and thawing is analysed. In addition, the cross-correlation between the statistics of the strength and deformability distribution in the standard and fibrous concretes was assessed using complete σb – εb diagrams and discrete models corresponding to different stages of the deformation response. It is proposed to differentiate the criteria conditions for assessing the consequences of climatic structural degradation taking into account the usability specification of structures.
Aporias in a discourse on ideas of transhumanism framed in the context of developing a metatheory of urban environmental psychological design
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Hohrin E. V. , Smolkov S. A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The issues of system-activity formation and complex construction of the aporia in the discourse of transhumanism ideas in the context of developing and describing the metatheory of psychological de-sign of urban environment are considered. In this connection, the compositional aspects of creating a comfortable environment in the city centre of a Siberian settlement were specified and elaborated fol-lowing the interaction systems of architectural and urban planning complex with the spatial organisation of a designed fragment of urban environment and its colour and light composition. The form and con-tent, techniques, technologies and methods for arranging the unified urban style of buildings and ob-jects filling the trade environment were examined and described in the artistic concept of arranging the elements of psychological design in the unique environment of Irkutsk. The mechanism of artistic method in the context of the construction and development of general metatheory while formulating and solving problems of urban design is revealed, in particular, in their relation to the assimilation of discourse on the ideas of transhumanism in the functional-spatial organisation of the elements of art culture in the urban environment. This approach involves the methodological realisation of the correc-tion function in the process of optimising the artistic image of complex objects in the psychological de-sign of the urban environment. Developing the regulations of design activity to meet the requirements of humanisation of the urban environment allows the aporia in the discourse of transhumanism ideolo-gy to be defined and the ways of a promising metatheory of psychological perception of the urban en-vironment, as well as information systems that further enhance the role of visual information in the aes-thetic of urban environment, to be addressed.
Nanotechnologies in concrete production
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Lastovka A. V. , Danchenko T. V. ,   Siberian Federal University, Petukhova I. Ya. ,   Siberian Federal University, Polyakov I. A. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: December 2022

The aim was to investigate the prospects and possibilities of using nanotechnologies and nanomateri-als in construction, particularly in concrete production. The research methodology involved a set of methods and principles of scientific cognition, as well as general and specific methods and techniques, such as comparative analysis, modelling, classification, grouping, generalization and forecasting. The authors propose a method of concrete production using a matter with a specified atomic structure. It was established that the consideration of atoms and microparticles can increase the efficiency of con-crete production. In addition, special attention is paid to a nanoparticle as the structural unit of nano-technology. Nanoparticles are capable of changing the colour of artificial coatings, increasing the wear resistance of materials and improving their resistance indicators. In innovative technologies, reinforced steel, composite reinforcement and nanocoatings are used. In addition, detailed information is provid-ed on structural composites having a ceramic, iron or polymer matrix. A particular emphasis is placed on the advantages of nanoconcrete. Nanoconcrete represents a whole group of materials that can im-part the desired characteristics to products and structures. Expanding the use of nanotechnology in construction implies the need for an interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach for further re-search and development, including such fields as civil engineering, materials science, physics and oth-er related disciplines.
Analysis of changes in the velocity diagram of gravity sewer networks with different thickness of sediment layer in the chute section of pipes
Authors:   LLC “INCO-expert”, Prodous О. A. , Shlyichkov D. I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Malysheva A. A. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
Published: December 2022

The practice of operation of gravity sewer networks of domestic wastewater shows that sediment de-posits are formed in the chute section of pipes at certain velocities of the gravity flow. These deposits affect the hydraulic characteristics of the flow, which depend on the actual thickness of the sediment layer in sewer pipes. In this study, a velocity diagram reflecting the distribution of actual velocity values of wastewater flow along the depth of the wetted perimeter of pipes with sediment deposits in their chute sections is established. To this end, the dependences derived by the authors previously for hy-draulic calculation of drainage networks with internal sediments were used. It is confirmed on a specific example that the limiting value of sediment thickness preventing the continuation of further operation for concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 mm equals 80 mm. The obtained diagram of the vertical ve-locity distribution of sewage flow can be used to determine the actual pipeline fill level corresponding to the actual sediment layer thickness in sewer pipes.
Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
Authors: Li Yaozhu , McCausland Phil J.A. , Flemming Roberta L. , Hetherington Callum J.
Published: December 2022

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) investigation of strain mainly uses polycrystalline samples to study fabric development. We extend the use of EBSD for the analysis of large single mineral grains by measuring the apparent surficial subdomain boundary density per unit area, reported here as unit segment length (USL). We apply this USL technique to examine and quantify the plastic deformation recorded by naturally shocked olivine in the low to moderately shocked ureilite meteorite Northwest Africa 2221 and the highly shocked martian dunitic cumulate meteorite Northwest Africa 2737, by assessing the types of subdomain boundaries and the increase of subdomain misorientation with increasing shock metamorphism. We further compare USL results for the shocked olivine in the meteorites with those for the terrestrial deformation of Hawaiian olivine. USL of olivine increases with shock level, and USL from shocked olivine is significantly greater than that of terrestrially deformed olivine. USL is a promising tool for the quantification of plastic deformation in large single crystals from shock as well as terrestrial deformation. The results derived from USL measurements along with local EBSD maps are complementary with quantitative 2D X-ray diffraction analysis of crystal deformation and disruption, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of characteristic shock deformation recorded by large single crystals.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOOSING MEDICAL SPECIALTIES AMONG FINAL YEAR MALE STUDENTS AT KAU, JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA. A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Tariq Sharif Asim , Saleh S. Alahmadi Eyad , Mansour MAbdulhaq Marwan , Mahmoud H. Timraz Alwaleed , Esam A. Alshebl Khalid , Meshal R. Alhassani Nawaf , Saleh S. Aljuhani Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Background: Choosing a medical specialty is one of the challenging Aspect among medical students at their final academic year. This study aims to understand the factors influencing choosing medical specialties among medical students at King Abdulaziz University Methodology: An electronic questionnaire has been designed for data collection that involved 6th year medical students at faculty of medicine King AbdulazizUniversity . And chi-square test used to compare between different variables regarding the choice of medical fields Result: Of the 150 students approached, 45(30%) decided to participate. A total of (80%) students made a decision regarding their choice of future medical specialty. Internal medicine, psychiatry , orthopedic and diagnostic radiology were the most desired specialties(20%), (8.9%),(6.7) and (6.7%) students requested these specialties, respectively. Only (77,8%) of those who selected a future specialty received advice regarding their choice. was the good lifestyle (22.2%), followed by the good treatment outcome (20%) and thirdly is the verity of subspecialty with (15.6%) of student.
ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES, CHALLENGES OF DISTRICT EARLY INTERVENTION CENTRE UNDER RASHTRIYA BAL SWASTHYA KARYAKRAM AT DISTRICT JODHPUR: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Tripathi Neetu , Kumari Sharma Kamlesh
Published: December 2022

Background: The Government of India launched the child health screening and early Intervention programme called Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in 2014 to screen children from 0 to 18 years for the early detection of 4 Ds (Defects, Diseases, Deficiency, and Developmental Delays including disabilities). Under this program, district early intervention centres (DEICs) are set up as nodal centres at the district level to manage the cases of 4Ds. Objectives: To assess the available resources, challenges of District Early Intervention Centre under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram at District Jodhpur. Methodology:A cross sectional study was conducted in the month of April. Jodhpur district was selected by purposive sampling.Data regarding the available resources was collected by using observational checklist and the information regarding the challenges was collected by semi structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview with the DEIC manager. Results: The resultsreveal that DEIC of district Jodhpur is deficient in terms of staff, equipment and physical space. The challenges identified were resistance in caretakers regarding treatment and less staff and physical space available for DEIC. Conclusion: Overallthe researcher identified that there was a deficiency of staff, furniture and medical equipment and tools at DEIC and the main challenges were community resistance, less staff and physical space. There is a need to be filled up vacant post and provide needed infrastructural facilities. separately so that RBSK program in DEIC can run smoothly and effectively.Education and sensitization of community with reinforcement could help to overcome the resistance in community.
EMPLOYABILITY SKILL AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC STREAM
Authors: Sahoo Suruchi , Panda Madhusmita , Patel Suchitra , Sarathi Mallik Partha
Published: December 2022

The study was intended to investigate employability skills among University Graduate students and one of the specific purpose was to find out difference in employability skills between Science and Arts students. Descriptive survey method was employed for this study. Primary data were collected from 50 science and 50 arts of G.M University by standardised Employability Assessment inventory of Larry Dershem, 2016 which has six employability skill domains, measured by 24 items. The obtained data were analysed and interpreted by using percentage and t-test. The results of the study revealed that 17% university students have self-concept, 17% have self control, 17% have social, 17% have communication, 18% have problem solving and 13% have job searching skill. With reference Academic stream wise employability skill difference, it is found that science students have comparative more skill than arts students and the difference is significant at .01 level. The result of the present study will help full for policy makers and practitioners of higher education to develop employment skills among students by redesigning curricular content, methodology and practical component.
INTEGRATION OF THE GRINDING FUNCTION WITH A CEREAL THRESHER FOR THE RECOVERY OF CROP RESIDUES IN COMPOSTING
Authors:   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Burkina Faso., Bationo Frederic , Soulama SoungaloYamako ,   Centre Ecologique Albert Schweitzer du Burkina Faso (CEASBurkina).,   Universite de Lome., Cedric Kambire Fabekoure ,   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Burkina Faso., Dao Abdalla ,   Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) /Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Burkina Faso., Ouattara Bema ,   Centre Ecologique Albert Schweitzer du Burkina Faso (CEASBurkina)., Alain Ilboudo Zoewendbem ,   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Burkina Faso., Guira Amidou ,   Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) /Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Burkina Faso.
Published: December 2022

The objective of this article is to design and characterize the technical performance of the agricultural residue grinding function integrated into the operation of a multi-purpose cereal thresher. For the farmer, this equipment will have the advantage to realize out threshing, grinding, and water pumping. Water pumping will allowwatering the agricultural residues after their grinding.The Functional Analysis (FA) was used to identify new useful functions and technical solutions for the grinding function to be integrated into the design. The multifunctional thresher-grinder has been designed and manufactured. Grinding performance tests compared to manual machete cutting of corn and rice residues were performed. The results show that production times per tonne of the broyats are higher than those of manual machete cutting more than 61%. The size of the broyats is reduced from 17 to 72%, and the diameter from 71 to 80% compared to manual machete cutting. These results will be used as benchmarks for testing other types of residues.
ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN BY TOTAL SEDIMENT DUSTIN THE CITY OF ZENICA
Authors:   University of Zenica, Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica, Fakultetska 3, 72000 Zenica., Durakovic Mirnes , Husika Azrudin ,   The University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Sarajevo., Prcanovic Halim ,   University of Zenica, Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica, Fakultetska 3, 72000 Zenica., Beganovic Sanela ,   University of Zenica, Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica, Fakultetska 3, 72000 Zenica., Sisic Muvedet ,   University of Zenica, Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica, Fakultetska 3, 72000 Zenica.
Published: December 2022

The city of Zenica belongs to one of the most important industrial centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Due to the presence of industrial plants, especially metallurgical plants, but also due to a large number of small home fireplaces and the geographical location, air pollution in the Zenica valley is very high. Through continuous and dedicated air quality measurement, excessive air pollution was determined in the urban area of Zenica, i.e. limit values for total sediment dust were exceeded in some parts of the Zenica valley. The paper provides an analysis of the results of monitoring the total sediment dust and the content of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, and iron in the total sediment dust for the period 2019-2021to determine the environmental burden and the average annual and maximum monthly trends of the total sediment dust in the Zenica valley. The analysis shows that emissions originating from industrial sources significantly burden the environment with sediment dust, especially in the zone up to about 3.5 km from the sources located in the industrial zone of the Zenica valley.
TO STUDY THE VISUAL OUTCOME AND IOP CHANGES AFTER ND: YAG LASER CAPSULOTOMY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Madhavi Mallula , Nirmala Jyothi Pamu ,   Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Bhanu Nagasri Kurapati ,   Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: December 2022

Aims and objectives : To study the Visual outcome and IOP changes after Nd YAG Laser Capsulotomy in patients with posterior capsular opacity. To study the age and sex distribution. To study intra and post laser complications of Nd YAG Laser Capsulotomy. Materials and Methods: This was a Prospective interventional study done on 100 eyes of 100 Post Cataract surgery patients who are having PCO attending to OPD of Ophthalmology department, Dr. R.S.P.R Government Regional eye hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam from August 2021 to August 2022. Relevant detailed History and Ocular examination was done. Results: Majority of the patients are in the age group of 51-60yrs(36%). Females (54%) are more than Males(46%). Fibrous type is seen in majority of cases(45%). The mean IOP is more at 2hrs post Laser treatment. 1- 5 mmHg rise is seen in majority of cases(70%). 85% of patients showed best corrected visual acuity better than 6/18. 15% patients showed visual acuity less than 6/24. Elevation of IOP (>4 mm of hg) is the most common complication (46%) and Pitting of IOL (5%) after Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy. Conclusion: Visual improvement is excellent after Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy. Transient rise of IOP is the most common complication. Even though transient, it may be detrimental to the health of of the optic nerve head. So a careful monitoring of IOP before and after Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy is very much needed.
SCREENING AND PARTIAL 16 S RRNA GENE SEQUENCING OF KERATINASE PRODUCING STENOTROPHOMONASMALTOPHILIA KARUNA5 ISOLATED FROM POULTRY WASTE
Authors:   Research Scholar, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,WILSON COLLEGE, MUMBAI., Patil Suresh , Aruna K. ,   Ex-Head, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, WILSON COLLEGE, MUMBAI.
Published: December 2022

Keratinase is a protease which degrades the insoluble protein keratin that is largely found in feather waste. Fifty-seven soil samples were collected from a feather and poultry waste dumping sites. All these soil samples were subjected for enrichment in Whole feather meal medium containing 1% chicken feather as a sole source of Carbon, nitrogen and energy with pH 8.0 and incubated at 30Ã‚Â°C on shaker condition (150 rpm) for 7 days. Out of 57 flasks only 21 showed visual feather degradation. Enriched sample from each flask was isolated on skimmed milk agar plates. Only 10 isolates demonstrated proteolytic activity by showing zone of clearance around the colony on skimmed milk agar medium. The above 10 bacterial isolates (Kar:01-12) were assayed for keratinase enzyme by growing them in Whole feather meal medium pH 8. Maximum keratinase production was demonstrated by isolate number Kar05 (41U/ml) at 30Ã‚Â°C on shaker condition (150rpm) after 4 days of incubation. Promising isolate was identified as Stenotrophomonasmaltophila KARUNA5 by morphological, cultural, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequence analysis and was submitted to NCBI (Accession no: LC271188).
Groundwater market in water-abundant regions: determinants of farmers’ decision to buy irrigation water in Assam in North-East India
Authors: Tamuli Jitu , Dutta Mrinal Kanti , Kashyap Payel Priya
Published: December 2022

In response to the development of groundwater-based irrigation technology, institutions such as groundwater markets have emerged in many parts of India. While the farmers’ decision to buy water is shaped by issues such as capital scarcity, size of operational holdings, number of fragmented plots, farmers’ access to institutional credit, etc., there are spatial variations of factors affecting farmers’ participation in the market due to its localised nature. In view of the fact that the number of studies on water markets from water-abundant regions of India is very limited, the present study was carried out to unearth the factors influencing the water-buying decisions of farmers in the groundwater market in Assam in the eastern part of India. Using field data from two districts of the state, viz. Nagaon and Morigaon and with the help of logit regression, this study examines the determinants of water-buying decisions of farmers in Assam. The results of the logit analysis show that own farm size, farmer's access to institutional credit, age, education, and better contact with extension agencies reduce the probability of water-buying decision for a buyer. For a tenant farmer, the probability of buying water is found to be higher.
Introduction
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

Basic knowledge and information are acquired through the language in the family, society and education, which should be based on philosophy and logical principles. In the field of medicine, a dialog can be established between the doctor and the patient for diagnosis with linguistic (verbal, oral) information exchange rather than mathematical expressions. This chapter presents rational thinking with logical principles, preferably combining the basic principles of philosophy in medicine with the treatment of uncertainty, the results of which are presented according to the usual bivalent (crisp, two-value) logic. The necessary and effective structural steps of rational use of language are presented based on verbal knowledge and uncertainties in information production. It is emphasized that innovative ideas, procedures and methods are possible through research and development activities, if the language, philosophy, and logic principles are observed for the most reasonable cases, even with approximate decisions.
Thought Principles and Science “It is not Possible to have Active Mind without Thought or Thought without Mind”
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

Thoughts are the triggering arrogance of rational thinking to explore
possible relationships among different procedures that lead to reasonably acceptable
results. To this end, in this chapter, different thinking procedures are clearly explained
based on the principles of proportional inference and interpretation that lead to
acceptable and ultimately useful generations of knowledge, even though they may
contain an element of uncertainty at the current level of scientific knowledge. The basic
questions that are valid today and will be valid in the future throughout the history of
science are “How?” and “Why?” A series of suggestions are given to find answers to
these questions. Especially in medical sciences, the principles of mind (brain)-heart
communication are explained for the production of linguistically comfortable and
acceptable information. A series of suggestions are made about ways to find answers to
these questions from thinkers in different cultural civilizations, which are the basic
elements of the history of science. Finally, examples from the history of science are
given in detail for the development of verbal knowledge developments.
Medical Terminologies “Word and Sentence Epistemology are the Key Career Expertise”
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

Terminological concepts are the most important aspects of scientific
research and development activities, as this book briefly provides epistemological
content about the fundamentals of medicine. In scientific literature, the terminology is a
combination of single or complex terms in the form of keywords that provide the first
impression about an event. Medical terminology and phrases help professionals
understand each other without much discussion. Information and knowledge are
generally hidden in the etymological and epistemological concepts, such as words,
sentences, definitions, terms, terminology and their current scientific structures.
Advances in knowledge exchange and improvement processes are the results of
conceptualization and terminological applications, especially as a paradigm shift in
medicine. Linguistic data, which is a widely used communication tool in medical
sciences, contain imprecision and ambiguity. These uncertainties can be minimized by
making terminological agreements among experts.
Nitric Oxide-Related Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bahadoran Zahra , González-Muniesa Pedro , Mirmiran Parvin , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: December 2022

The nitrate (NO3)-nitrite (NO2)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, as a storage
reservoir for endogenous NO production, is dependent on the oral bacteria with NO3-
reducing capacity. Undesirable changes of oral microbiota towards a decreased load of
health-related NO3-reducing bacteria and an overgrowth of pathogenic species, leading
to subsequent decreased NO2 production in the oral cavity and decreased systemic NO
availability, are now considered risk factors for the development of insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chapter discusses available evidence focusing on oral
microbiota dysbiosis in T2D, especially NO3-reducing bacteria and their metabolic
activity (including NO3-reductase and NO2-reductase activity), affecting net oral NO2
accumulation and the NO3-NO2-NO pathway.
Risk Analysis of Indonesian Mango Sustainable Supply Chain For Singapore Market
Authors: Maulida Dwi , Andriani Dwi
Published: December 2022

UD WN Mango Sultan, Gresik succeeded in exporting 1 ton of mangoes to Singapore in 2021. However, exports are still not sustainable because they are constrained by several risks faced in the mango supply chain. To support the development of mango sales, it is inseparable from good and sustainable supply chain management. Good supply chain management can reduce or anticipate the risks that are often faced by every supply chain actor. To reduce the impact of emerging risks, it is necessary to identify priority risks for further risk mitigation actions. This study aims to identify risks seen from the perception of each sustainable supply chain actor and evaluate the highest priority risk of each sustainable supply chain actor in mango commodities. The study uses primary data by conducting interviews and filling out questionnaires by informants from businessmen, farmers, and collector of mango commodity in Gresik District. Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FFMEA) technique is used to determine the priority of risk mitigation efforts. The results show that there are 16 risk components for UD WN Mango Sultan and collectors, and 11 risk components for farmers. Meanwhile, the priority risks for farmers, collectors, and UD WN Mango Sultan are operational risk (5,355), social risk (7,414), and environmental risk (7,917).
Kadar Kortisol, Transforming Growth Factor Î², serta Derajat Adhesi Pasca Laparoskopi dan Laparotomi
Authors: Pribadi Agung , Riwanto Ignatius , Budijitno Selamat
Published: December 2022

Adhesi intraperitoneal pasca bedah abdomen terjadi pada 50-97% kasus adhesi, dengan penyebab terbanyak adalah laparotomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan perbedaan dampak laparoskopi dan laparotomi terhadap derajat adhesi peritoneal, kadar kortisol dan TGF-Î². Desain randomized control trial post test only diterapkan pada dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok laparoskopi dan laparotomi dalam anestesi umum. Sampel darah diambil sesaat sebelum dan 6 jam paska operasi untuk pemeriksaan kadar kortisol. Tujuh hari pasca operasi dilakukan terminasi, dilanjutkan laparotomi untuk penilaian adhesi intraperitoneal, dan pengambilan cairan peritoneum untuk pemeriksaan kadar TGF-Î². Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna pada kenaikan kadar kortisol (rerata 20,03Â±1,550ng/ml), TGF-Î² (rerata 6.772,50Â±414,77pg/ml), dan derajat adhesi antara kedua kelompok (p=0,021, p<0,001, p=0,002). Terdapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar kortisol denganTGF-Î² (p=0,030, r=0,632) dan korelasi positif yang signifikan antara kadar TGF-Î² dengan derajat adhesi (p=0,001, r=0,941). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa bedah laparoskopi dapat mengurangi peningkatan kadar kortisol dan TGF-Î², serta insidens adhesi.
Pemberian Buah Kawista Menghambat Peningkatan Kadar Malondialdehid Serum Tikus Wistar yang Dipapar Asap Rokok
Authors: Raharja Kristian Triatmaja , Wirjatmadi Bambang , Adriani Merryana
Published: December 2022

Asap rokok merupakan sumber radikal bebas (oksidan) yang dapat meningkatkan terjadinya peroksidasi lipid membran sel. Malondialdehid (MDA) adalah salah satu produk akhir dari peroksidasi lipid, digunakan sebagai biomarker stres oksidatif. Buah kawista (Limonia acidissima Linn) memiliki senyawa fenolik antara lain flavonoid dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian buah kawista secara preventif, untuk menghambat peningkatan kadar malondialdehid serum tikus Wistar yang dipapar asap rokok. Studi eksperimental menggunakan post-test only group design, dengan rancangan acak lengkap, pada tikus Wistar jantan sebanyak 25 ekor, perlakuan selama 35 hari. Tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol positif (dipapar asap rokok), kelompok P1 (asap rokok dan buah kawista dosis 500 mg/kg BB), kelompok P2 (asap rokok dan buah kawista dosis 600 mg/kg BB), kelompok P3 (asap rokok dan buah kawista dosis 700 mg/kg BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buah kawista yang diberikan secara preventif pada ketiga dosis, dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar malondialdehid serum tikus yang dipapar asap rokok (p=0,000). Kadar malondialdehid serum terendah terlihat pada dosis 700 mg/kg BB. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian buah kawista secara preventif, dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar malondialdehid serum tikus Wistar yang dipapar asap rokok.Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, asap rokok, buah kawista, malondialdehid, peroksidasi lipid
Pemberian Kombinasi 5FU-Leucovorin dengan Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap Proliferasi Sel dan Diameter Adenokarsinoma Kolon Tikus Sprague dawley
Authors: Alwi Luqman , Budijitno Selamat , Basyar Edwin
Published: December 2022

Insidensi kanker kolon di seluruh dunia masih tinggi dan menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak kategori penyakit tidak menular. Pembedahan tetap merupakan pilihan utama dengan modalitas lainnya berupa kemoterapi, radiasi dan imunoterapi seperti P. macrocarpa (Mahkota Dewa). Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain post test only menggunakan tikus putih betina strain Sprague dawley dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok K (kontrol), P1 (kelompok kemoterapi), P2 (kelompok P. macrocarpa), dan P3 (Kelompok kombinasi). Tumor kolon diperoleh dengan induksi 1,2-DMH subkutan. Kemoterapi yang diberikan 5FU-Leucovorin sebanyak 6 siklus sesuai Rosswell Park Regiment. P. macrocarpa diberikan dengan dosis 0,495mg/hari (0,99mL/hari) per oral. Proliferasi sel dinilai dengan pengecatan IHC Ki-67 sedangkan diameter massa tumor diukur menggunakan caliper tumor. Proliferasi sel dan diameter massa tumor didapatkan rerata kelompok K, P1, P2, P3 berturut-turut 37,150Â±8,878, 28,567Â±12,531, 35,533Â±8,982, 22,567Â±3,445 dan 1,403Â±0,265, 1,135Â±0,154, 1,339Â±0,111, 1,074Â±0,164. Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada proliferasi sel antara kelompok K vs P3 (p=0,011), P2 vs P3 (p=0,022) dan pada diameter massa tumor antara kelompok K vs P1 (p=0,020), K vs P3 (p=0,005), P2 vs P3 (0,021). Analisis korelasi proliferasi sel dengan diameter massa tumor didapatkan korelasi tidak bermakna (p=0,405). P. macrocarpa mempunyai potensi sebagai imunostimulator yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas kemoterapi 5FU-Leucovorin dalam hal penurunan proliferasi sel dan penurunan diameter adenokarsinoma kolon tikus Sprague dawley.Kata Kunci: Adenokarsinoma kolon, P. macrocarpa, proliferasi selÂ
Calculus Formation in Bladder from Migrated Intrauterine Devices
Authors: Wijaya Mangkubumi Putra , Seputra Kurnia Penta , Daryanto Besut , Budaya Taufiq Nur
Published: December 2022

Migration of the intrauterine device (IUD) into the bladder has been a rare case. There were reported 31 cases of IUD migration into the bladder until 2006. Although IUD migration is asymptomatic, it should be removed to prevent complications such as pelvic abscess, bladder or intestinal rupture, and adhesion. A 52-year-old woman came to the urology clinic with pyuria since the previous 3 months. She had a history of IUD insertion in 1982; and two months later, she got pregnant. Since 2015, she has suffered from dysuria but has never been treated and has worsened in the past 3 months. On physical examination, tenderness was found in the suprapubic region. The results of urinalysis showed pyuria and hematuria. The ultrasonography findings, there were large bladder stones. An abdominal x-ray revealed the presence of a bladder stone with the IUD tail. Vesicolithotomy was performed and the IUD was found attached to an 11x7 cm bladder stone. The patient had a good postoperative condition without any special complications. The IUD in the bladder is a medium for forming secondary bladder stones. Most cases of IUD migration are caused by a lack of evaluation after the installation procedure. This case suggested that the physician should be more careful in carrying out the installation procedure. It is necessary to evaluate the location of the IUD after installation to prevent further patient complications.
Predictor Factor for Severity Degree of Pediatric Hydronephrosis in Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Naim Hamdan Yuwafi , Daryanto Besut , Nurhadi Pradana
Published: December 2022

Pediatric hydronephrosis is often hideous, and its severity highly correlates with a significantly increased incidence of pathological condition and outcome. The management of this disease is based on the severity level by identifying the clinical manifestation, so performing an early detection is crucial to prevent the disease progression. This research aimed to determine the predictor factors for the severity degree of pediatric hydronephrosis to give better treatments for patients. This study retrospectively reported 51 data of hydronephrosis cases that were collected from January 2012 to August 2019. Severity degree was evaluated using SFU (Society of Fetal Urology) scoring system and divided into two groups, mild-moderate (first and second degree) and moderate-severe (third and fourth degree). Data including age, gender, number of kidneys affected, etiology, and antenatal care were collected and statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square and Fischer Exact test. The research result from 51 pediatric patients, 72.55% were categorized as moderate-severe hydronephrosis while the remaining 27.45% were categorized ad mild-moderate hydronephrosis. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis (37.25%) is the most common cause of pediatric hydronephrosis. Significant correlations are noted among severity degree and gender, the number of kidneys affected, etiology, and chosen antenatal care between obstetrician-gynecologist and midwife (p<0.05). In short, gender, number of kidneys affected, etiology, patient's choice on antenatal care can be the predictor factors for pediatric hydronephrosis. Thus, these findings are essential for urologists in pediatric hydronephrosis management.
Curcumin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Deficiency by Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Mice Hippocampus
Authors: Iteire Kingsley , Uwejigho Raphael , Okonofua Glory
Published: December 2022

Background. Curcumin has a variety of properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ones, and has demonstrated some protective prospects on neurological conditions.

Aim: This study explored the neuroprotective ability of curcumin in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in an animal model.

Methods. A total of thirty-two adult male mice were randomly assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D, n=8): Group A (Control) received distilled water; Group B was administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only to induce neuroinflammation for seven days; Group C was treated with both LPS and curcumin simultaneously for fourteen days; Group D received only curcumin for fourteen days. After appropriate exposure to the mice, their cognitive abilities were assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. At the termination of the administration period, the mice were sacrificed, and the hippocampi were dissected for histology and immunostaining using GFAP and Iba1. Statistical analysis for the data generated was done with GraphPad prism. Tests of significance were with one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for post-hoc.

Results. Curcumin significantly (p < 0.05) increased object recognition, mean alternation, and markedly restored neuronal distortion caused by LPS toxicity in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of Group C animals as compared to Group B. In addition, curcumin significantly down-regulated Iba1 expression and GFAP cell activities of both the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus.

Conclusions. Curcumin showed a promising role in attenuating LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the brain by inhibiting microglial activation and improving memory of neurotoxic mice.