bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-velocity impact response of pre-stressed glass fiber/nanotube filled epoxy composite tubes
Authors: Taşyürek Mustafa , Kara Memduh
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the low velocity impact behavior of pre-stressed glass fiber/epoxy (GRP) nanocomposite tubes. During the production of filament wound tubes with a winding angle of ±55°, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were introduced to the epoxy resin at 0.5%wt and 1.0%wt by ultrasonic method. The nanocomposite tubes were pre-stressed to 32 bars internal pressure, one of the specified operating pressures according to ANSI/AWWA C950 standards. Low velocity impact tests were performed on the pure and CNT added pre-stressed GRP tubes at 5, 10 and 15 Joule energy levels. As a result of the experiments, the contact force-time, force-displacement graphs and absorbed energy values by the samples were obtained. In addition, the damage zones on the specimens were investigated. The effects of CNT reinforcements on the impact response and damage mechanisms of the specimens were evaluated. By adding CNT, it was observed that the damage areas of the samples decreased and was found to affect the impact response of nanocomposite tubes.
A Spatial Model of Internal Displacement and Forced Migration
Authors: Echevarria-Coco Jon , Gardeazabal Javier
Published: September 2020

This article develops a spatial model of internal and external forced migration. We propose a model reminiscent of Hotelling’s spatial model in economics and Schelling’s model of segregation. Conflict is modeled as a shock that hits a country at certain location and generates displacement of people located near the shock’s location. Some displaced people cross a border, thus becoming refugees, while others remain as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). The model delivers predictions about how the fractions of a country’s population that become refugees and IDPs ought to be related with the intensity of the shock, country size, terrain ruggedness and the degree of geographical proximity of the country with respect to the rest of the world. The predictions of the model are then tested against real data using a panel of 161 countries covering the period 1995-2016. The empirical evidence is mostly in line with the predictions of the model.
Cross-spousal influences on mature-aged Australians’ transitions in and out of employment 2001–2017
Authors: Craig Lyn , Churchill Brendan
Published: September 2020

This article uses data from the longitudinal Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey to examine cross-spousal influences on workforce transitions by men ( n = 4667) and women ( n = 5051) aged 50–69. We assess how gender patterns in employment (full- and part-time work) and non-employment activity (unemployment, non-employment and homemaking) changed among this age group over the period 2001–2017, which included the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008. Notwithstanding that more men than women were in full-time work, and more women than men were employed part time or were homemakers, over the period there was an overall rise in employment for both genders, which following the GFC continued most strongly for women. Random effects logistic regression on partnered men and women showed that prior to the GFC one spouse transitioning out of the labour market was associated with significantly higher odds of the other spouse also doing so. This implies coordination, for example spouses retiring together. In contrast, following the GFC, one spouse leaving paid employment was associated with higher odds of the other taking up work or increasing their hours, suggesting that the economic slowdown encouraged an added worker effect in those households, with one spouse compensating for the job loss of the other. The finding was apparent for both men and women.
Caring for the Commons: Using Psychological Ownership to Enhance Stewardship Behavior for Public Goods
Authors: Peck Joann , Kirk Colleen P. , Luangrath Andrea W. , Shu Suzanne B.
Published: September 2020

How can consumers be encouraged to take better care of public goods? Across four studies, including two experiments in the field and three documenting actual behaviors, the authors demonstrate that increasing consumers’ individual psychological ownership facilitates stewardship of public goods. This effect occurs because feelings of ownership increase consumers’ perceived responsibility, which then leads to active behavior to care for the good. Evidence from a variety of contexts, including a public lake with kayakers, a state park with skiers, and a public walking path, suggests that increasing psychological ownership enhances both effortful stewardship, such as picking up trash from a lake, and financial stewardship, such as donating money. This work further demonstrates that the relationship between psychological ownership and resulting stewardship behavior is attenuated when there are cues, such as an attendance sign, which diffuse responsibility among many people. This work offers implications for consumers, practitioners, and policy makers with simple interventions that can encourage consumers to be better stewards of public goods.
Use of E-Cigarettes and Self-Reported Lung Disease Among US Adults
Authors: Barrameda Robelyn , Nguyen Trisha , Wong Vivian , Castro Grettel , Rodriguez de la Vega Pura , Lozano Juan , Zevallos Juan
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Initially marketed for smoking cessation, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly regarded as safer than combustible cigarettes because they usually contain less nicotine and do not use combustion. However, few studies have examined the health effects of e-cigarettes. The objective of this study was to examine whether e-cigarette use had a differential effect on the prevalence of lung disease among current, former, and never tobacco users.

Methods

We analyzed data from respondents aged ≥18 (n = 45 908) who responded to questions about e-cigarette use and lung disease in the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. We calculated crude odd ratios (ORs) and ORs adjusted by 15 sociodemographic and health behavior factors: age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual household income, health insurance, personal physician, health status, body mass index, education, marital status, exercise, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing, and metropolitan status.

Results

We found a significant association between e-cigarette use and lung disease, which was significantly modified by tobacco use. Among never tobacco users, the adjusted odds of reporting lung disease were 4.36 (95% CI, 1.76-10.77) times higher among everyday e-cigarette users than among never e-cigarette users. Among current tobacco users, the adjusted odds of reporting lung disease were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13-1.92) times higher among everyday e-cigarette users than among never e-cigarette users.

Conclusions

People who have never smoked combustible cigarettes should refrain from starting e-cigarettes, because e-cigarettes carry a significant risk of lung disease independent of tobacco smoking. Additional prospective research into the harmful effects of e-cigarettes would help to further elucidate this link.
Accountability from the Ground Up: Uncovering the Limitations and Possibilities of Organizing for Community Schools in Philadelphia
Authors: Goessling Kristen P. , Selvaraj Shivaani A. , Fritz Caitlin , Marie Pep
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on the evolution of community schools from a grassroots organizing effort to a formal initiative in Philadelphia. The authors implemented a critical participatory action research project to examine the process and impact of the education organizing. We present two narratives to illustrate the potential and limitations of two divergent community school approaches. We argue that education justice movements must develop processes and metrics of accountability to effectively organize for transformative community-driven education. Findings provide insights to communities organizing for public education in other contexts and locales and an example of how research can support social justice movements.
Left-Digit Effect in Tourists’ Price Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Price Level and Composite Price
Authors: Zou Suiwen (Sharon) , Petrick James F.
Published: September 2020

Past research has found that the effect of odd-ending price (e.g., $9.99) can be explained by the left-digit effect whereby the leftmost digits of both prices influence the comparison of a pair of prices. However, research on psychological pricing has mostly focused on low-priced retailing products and the focal product’s price per se. Informed by prospect theory, this study extended this line of work by examining how the effect of left-digit pricing varies with the magnitude of hotel room rates (i.e., price level) and the size of prior investment in other travel components (i.e., composite price). The results of 2×2×2 experimental revealed that left-digit pricing was an effective tactic to increase purchase intentions for low-priced hotels. It was also found that tourists who have made a substantial prepayment on other travel components were responsive to the tactic. Additionally, composite price and left-digit pricing were found to moderate the relationship between perceived value and purchase intentions.
Alliance Building among Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations in China: The Emergence and Evolution of the Zero Waste Alliance
Authors: Lu Jian , Steinhardt H. Christoph
Published: September 2020

Despite the Chinese state’s long-standing wariness of strong horizontal linkages among nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and a deteriorating political climate for civil society activism, cross-regional alliances among NGOs have become a persistent phenomenon in recent years. This article draws on the case of the Zero Waste Alliance—a nationwide coalition of environmental NGOs engaged in waste-related matters—to identify structural conditions that encouraged its emergence and illuminate how alliance builders have interpreted their environment. The article argues that developments internal to the environmental NGO sector (an increased need to pool scarce resources and professional knowledge, a stronger inclination to collaborate among a new generation of NGO leaders, and the formation of epistemic communities), combined with conditional state lenience, have propelled activists to embark on a strategy of alliance building. This case illustrates how the perceived boundary of the permissible shifts when structural conditions incentivize entrepreneurial activists to explore new strategies, and these attempts do not provoke repressive responses. It also highlights that the state has remained conditionally tolerant of boundary-pushing NGO behavior in a sector aligning with its interests, while strengthening political control over civil society.
Social personalities in sports: an analysis of the differences in individuals’ self-presentation on social networks
Authors: Horky Thomas , Grimmer Christoph G , Theobalt Cora
Published: September 2020

People use the various social media very differently. And such activity clearly demonstrates how usage establishes notably differentiated characters and behaviours. This article bases itself on Goffman to apply his theory on people’s self-presentation to the field of social networks and to analyse such behaviour through various examples. Accordingly, we have quantitively and qualitatively investigated social media accounts on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for 15 people in Germany from three different areas (sports, media/entertainment and politics). Our results allow us to determine clear differences in usage of different social media channels between the groups of people, but also among the sportspersons, above all regarding extent, way used or authenticity. We, therefore, advocate in future discussing multiple social personalities in social media instead of the appearance on it.
Spontaneous Necrotizing Hepatic Arteriopathy in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Carlson Tracy , Yee Lily
Published: September 2020

Differentiating test article–related vascular changes from spontaneous findings is important for microscopic interpretation in drug safety evaluation studies intended for regulatory submission. Here, we report background spontaneous hepatic artery degeneration and necrosis in up to 20% of 3- to 9-month-old control male Sprague-Dawley rats in 23 individual safety studies. The vascular degeneration occurred in one cross section of a medium-sized hepatic artery near the hilus and ranged from acute intramural hemorrhage and fibrinoid necrosis to chronic fibrosis of the vascular wall with perivascular edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltrates. The cause was uncertain. Many microscopic features were consistent with systemic necrotizing arteriopathy (SNA) or polyarteritis; however, there was no change in arteries commonly affected in SNA/polyarteritis (mesenteric, pancreatic, or testicular arteries) and hepatic artery degeneration/necrosis occurred in younger rats which is unusual for SNA/polyarteritis. Spontaneous hepatic artery degeneration/necrosis represents a sporadic background finding that may be confused with a test article’s toxicologic effect.
Age-Related Child Sexual Abuse Experiences
Authors: Hassan Mona A. , Gary Faye A. , Lewin Linda , Killion Cheryl , Totten Vicken
Published: September 2020

The study aimed to describe differences in the types of sexual abuse injuries between two age groups of children presenting to an emergency department. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationships between sexual abuse type and child’s age using data from the hospital health records of 95 children ages 6–14 years. Descriptive analysis indicated that sexually abused child victims’ ages were significantly associated with different types of penetrations and mucosal tears or injuries (p < 0.05). These findings highlighted the need for increased awareness about the different types of physical trauma associated with the ages of the child victims.
A Review of Models and Efficacy of Telepsychiatry for Inpatient Service Delivery: Proposing a Model for Indian Settings
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Verma Meha , Lal Shalini
Published: September 2020

Background:

The use of telepsychiatry (TP) for inpatient service delivery is still an emerging field and there is limited literature on its practice and evidence. This review was conducted with the objectives of (a) exploring the models of TP for inpatient service delivery, (b) qualitative synthesis of the efficacy of TP in inpatient settings, and (c) proposing a best-fit model of TP-based inpatient care for Indian settings.

Methods:

An electronic database search was conducted on July 22, 2020, in PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Google Scholar for relevant articles. Seventeen articles were included in the review.

Results:

The review revealed three models for TP-based inpatient care; direct care model, teleconsultation model, and the collaborative care model. Preliminary evidence suggests that TP is cost-effective and reliable, and that patients and service providers are highly satisfied with this approach. Evidence gaps were seen for some diagnostic categories such as psychosis and for extremes of age groups. Based on the existing models, we propose an Indian model for implementing TP in inpatient settings.

Conclusion:

Promising initial results and the evidence gaps highlight the need for further research in this area.
Coordinating office space: Digital technologies and the platformization of work
Authors: Richardson Lizzie
Published: September 2020

Digital technologies enable the dispersal of office work from physical office buildings. The same technologies involve a counter tendency of concentration where offices are shared by different businesses, often for short periods, via the ‘space as service’ model. These opposing tendencies of workspace dispersal and concentration indicate the contingencies of technologies of work, in which their operations are mutually shaped by workplaces. Understanding what a technology of work is requires examining its situated actions and spaces of activity, like the office. Yet, the spatial characteristics of the present-day office demonstrate that ‘situatedness’ is by no means a straightforward vehicle for understanding contemporary technologies of work. Digital technologies tend less to divide space according to a specific function (i.e. work–life division), and more to create spaces of coordination that can adjust the definition of purposeful activity. Such spaces of coordination constitute the platformization of work with digital technologies in which spatial and temporal processes for instituting work extend beyond a single organization. Including but exceeding the ‘gig economy’ and ‘platform labour’, platformization indicates a wider reorganization of work through technologies that produces flexible arrangements of space and time, creating forms of independence, interdependence and dependency that challenge orders of work–life division.
Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot
Authors: Croes Emmelyn A. J. , Antheunis Marjolijn L.
Published: September 2020

This explorative study investigated (a) whether social attraction, self-disclosure, interaction quality, intimacy, empathy and communicative competence play a role in getting-acquainted interactions between humans and a chatbot, and (b) whether humans can build a relationship with a chatbot. Although human-machine communication research suggests that humans can develop feelings for computers, this does not automatically imply that humans experience feelings of friendship with a chatbot. In this longitudinal study, 118 participants had seven interactions with chatbot Mitsuku over a 3-week period. After each interaction participants filled out a questionnaire. The results showed that the social processes decreased after each interaction and feelings of friendship were low. In line with the ABCDE model of relationship development, the social processes that aid relationship continuation decrease, leading to deterioration of the relationship. Furthermore, a novelty effect was at play after the first interaction, after which the chatbot became predictable and the interactions less enjoyable.
Institutional Logics, Gender, and Advertising Within a Culture in Transition: Examining Strategies of Advertising Professionals in Turkey for Managing Institutional Complexity
Authors: Coleman Catherine A. , Zayer Linda Tuncay , Karaca Özlem Hesapci
Published: September 2020

Advertisers face longstanding challenges—perhaps more acute under shifting cultural and gender forces such as the global #metoo movement—in creating gendered messages. This research builds on work at the intersection of gender, advertising and institutions, which bridges macro and micro issues faced by advertising professionals, to explore the unique East-West context of Turkey. Using institutional theory as a lens to examine a context in transition, this research illustrates how macro forces permeate four logics from which advertising professionals draw, specifically logics of: gender roles, power, duality, and risk. It further identifies strategies that advertising professionals utilize to manage increasing institutional complexity when creating gendered messages amidst competing logics. This study contributes to an understanding of how advertising professionals engage in institutional work within broader macro realities and the impact this has on the creation of gendered messages in society. Implications for consumer welfare, particularly regarding gender relations, are offered.
Structures, Systems and Differences that Matter: Casting an Ecological-Intersectionality Perspective on Female Subsistence Farmers’ Experiences of the Climate Crisis
Authors: Steinfield Laurel , Holt Diane
Published: September 2020

Based on research with subsistence farmers in Kenya, this article applies a gender and ecological-informed intersectionality lens to explores how and why overlapping modes of social injustices and ecological conditions augment subsistence female farmers’ vulnerability and shape their (non)adaptive responses to the climate crisis. We uncover the inter-locking and underlying social/ecological power dynamics at macro (global; biosphere), meso (country; local ecosystems), and micro (interpersonal, personal; inter-populations/communities of organisms) levels, revealing how these human- and natural-world elements intra-act and affect consumers’ actions/vulnerabilities and undermine the effectiveness of climate-resilient interventions. We call for scholars/practitioners to identify and address intersecting global and localized power dynamics (including their own positions of power), to add a gender- and ecological-focus, and to include the voice and perspective of all participants so that solutions do not increase (gendered) inequalities/inequities or vulnerabilities.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retroperitoneal laparoscopy in treatment of retrocaval ureter with right renal and ureteral calculi: a case report
Authors: Yang Yongjin , Zhang Muchun , Yu Hongjiao , Wang Jinguo , Liu Junyan , He Kaixing , Gao Jialin
Published: September 2020

Retrocaval ureter is a rare disease associated with abnormal embryonic development. Here, we describe a patient who exhibited retrocaval ureter complicated by renal and ureteral calculi, which were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with retroperitoneal laparoscopy. A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent back pain that had been present for more than 10 years. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with retrocaval ureter, right renal calculi, and right ureteral calculi with right hydronephrosis; he underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. After the operation, his condition was stable and he exhibited good recovery. Our findings in this case suggest that percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with retroperitoneal laparoscopy is a suitable option for the treatment of retrocaval ureter with renal and ureteral calculi.
Validating Immunohistochemistry Assay Specificity in Investigative Studies: Considerations for a Weight of Evidence Approach
Authors: Webster Joshua D. , Solon Margaret , Gibson-Corley Katherine N.
Published: September 2020

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a fundamental molecular technique that provides information on protein expression in the context of spatial localization and tissue morphology. IHC is used in all facets of pathology from identifying infectious agents or characterizing tumors in diagnostics, to characterizing cellular and molecular processes in investigative and experimental studies. Confidence in an IHC assay is primarily driven by the degree to which it is validated. There are many approaches to validate an IHC assay’s specificity including bioinformatics approaches using published protein sequences, careful design of positive and negative tissue controls, use of cell pellets with known target protein expression, corroboration of IHC findings with western blots and other analytical methods, and replacement of the primary antibody with an appropriate negative control reagent. Each approach has inherent strengths and weaknesses, and the thoughtful use of these approaches provides cumulative evidence, or a weight of evidence, to support the IHC assay’s specificity and build confidence in a study’s conclusions. Although it is difficult to be 100% confident in the specificity of any IHC assay, it is important to consider how validation approaches provide evidence to support or to question the specificity of labeling, and how that evidence affects the overall interpretation of a study’s results. In this review, we discuss different approaches for IHC antibody validation, with an emphasis on the characterization of antibody specificity in investigative studies. While this review is not prescriptive, it is hoped that it will be thought provoking when considering the interpretation of IHC results.
The road not taken – Márkus on Habermas: In memory of György Márkus
Authors: Grumley John
Published: September 2020

This paper concerns a little-known debate between Jürgen Habermas and György Márkus. Habermas argued that the Marxian paradigm of production was obsolete in the light of his own proposal for a ‘communicative turn’ in contemporary critical theories that avoids reductivism by focusing on moral learning processes connected to language and communicative interaction. This paper sets out Habermas’s critique of the paradigm of production and Márkus’s rebuttal.
Clustering of Endorsements of Techniques of Neutralization as Predictors of Offending Among College Students: A Latent Profile Analysis Approach
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: September 2020

Past research has provided evidence that techniques of neutralization may be used to rationalize offending, and individuals who endorse such rationalizations demonstrate greater offending risk. However, there is a dearth of research focused on how the endorsement of multiple techniques of neutralization may cluster together within an individual. There is also little understanding of how different clusters predict offending risk. The present study utilized data from 248 undergraduate students. Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify unobserved clusters of stronger/weaker endorsement of techniques of neutralization. Logistic regression was utilized to model the impact of differential clustering to predict offending risk. Results indicated that a five-profile solution best fits the data (low, responsibility deniers, moderate, victim deniers, and high). Participants assigned to the high profile demonstrated elevated offending risk relative to participants assigned to any of the other profiles. Participants assigned to the high profile reported relatively high endorsement of all techniques of neutralization but especially appeal to higher loyalties and denial of injury. Identification of college students demonstrating endorsement of techniques of neutralization consistent with the high profile should be targeted for intervention. Mentoring programs that take a social learning theory approach may be useful in this regard.
Documenting #MeToo in Public Transportation: Sexual Harassment Experiences of University Students in Los Angeles
Authors: Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia , Brozen Madeline , Pinski Miriam , Ding Hao
Published: September 2020

This study presents findings from a survey with 1,284 students at three Los Angeles area universities, exploring their experiences with sexual harassment in transit environments, and how these differ by gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. It finds that sexual harassment is a common occurrence, forcing precautionary behaviors. Nevertheless, reporting of harassment incidents is extremely low. Regression models find that certain individual characteristics of students and environmental characteristics of transit settings influence the incidence of victimization and student perceptions of safety. The study discusses multi-pronged strategies to tackle harassment in transit environments that include research, design, and policy initiatives.
Young Arab Women’s Processes of Coping With Girl Abuse: Intersection of Patriarchal Oppression and Being a National Minority in Israel
Authors: Pagorek-Eshel Shira , Elias Haneen , Alnabilsy Raghda
Published: September 2020

Young Arab women who have been abused in childhood are vulnerable due to their marginalized positions in Israeli society. These positions include their gender, age, ethnicity, and nationality, alongside facing abuse. These intersecting positions may jeopardize their developmental process into adulthood. In this qualitative study of 20 young Arab women in Israel, we analyzed their coping processes following multitype maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. In the short term, we identified four strategies of coping: keeping problems to oneself, self-blame, giving up, and using stress relief practices. In the long term, we identified two main patterns of coping: distancing and integration. The integration pattern was manifested in two ways. One was a more accepting tone of the sociocultural reality through the use of rationalization and a positive restructuring of the self. The other was a more critical tone toward Arab society. Our findings underscore the influences of the sociocultural environments that shape the coping processes of young Arab women who have experienced girl abuse. Moreover, our study suggests that the developmental stage of young adulthood may be a critical phase for reaching out to young Arab women who have experienced girl abuse.
Intergenerational Continuity of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: An Investigation of Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Shakoor Sania , Theobald Delphine , Farrington David P.
Published: September 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a continuum of abuse that is associated with a number of negative outcomes including substance misuse, depression, and suicidal ideation. This study aims to investigate the intergenerational transmission of IPV perpetration and the mechanisms involved. Intergenerational transmission was investigated using information from two generations of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development which is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 males from an inner London area in the UK who have been followed up over a period of 50 years. Information with regard to IPV perpetration, specifically physical violence, was garnered from self-reports by the male at age 32, from their female partner at age 48, and from their male and female children in early adulthood. Regression analyses were used to investigate intergenerational transmission and examine whether psychosocial risk factors could be identified as potential intergenerational pathways. Having a father who was a perpetrator of IPV significantly increased the odds of daughters being perpetrators by 2 times. It did not significantly increase the odds for sons. The intergenerational transmission of IPV perpetration remains between fathers and their daughters over and above a series of psychosocial factors such as accommodation problems and alcohol misuse. Identification of factors associated with the intergenerational transmission of IPV perpetration will inform practitioners and policymakers. Information garnered from studies such as this may contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies for those at risk.
Predicting the Vulnerability of Women to Intimate Partner Violence in South Africa: Evidence from Tree-based Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Amusa Lateef B. , Bengesai Annah V. , Khan Hafiz T. A.
Published: September 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive social challenge with severe health and demographic consequences. Global statistics indicate that more than a third of women have experienced IPV at some point in their lives. In South Africa, IPV is considered a significant contributor to the country’s broader problem with violence and a leading cause of femicide. Consequently, IPV has been the major focus of legislation and research across different disciplines. The present article aims to contribute to the growing scholarly literature by predicting factors that are associated with the risk of experiencing IPV. We used the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey dataset and restricted our analysis to 1,816 ever-married women who had complete information on the variables that were used to generate IPV. Prior research has mainly used regression analysis to identify correlates of IPV; however, while regression analysis can test a priori specified effects, it cannot capture unspecified inter-relationship across factors. To address this limitation, we opted for machine learning methods, which identify hidden and complex patterns and relationships in the data. Our results indicate that the fear of the husband is the most critical factor in determining the experience of IPV. In other words, the risk of IPV in South Africa is associated more with the husband or partner’s characteristics than the woman’s. The models developed in this study can be used to develop interventions by different stakeholders such as social workers, policymakers, and or other interested partners.
“I Didn’t Really Have Anybody to Turn To”: Barriers to Social Support and the Experiences of Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hoskins Natalie , Kunkel Adrianne
Published: September 2020

Social support is crucial for adapting to stress and trauma, processing adverse emotions, developing better mental health, and garnering relationship success. Yet, social support may not always be accessible to those who need it the most. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study examined how men who have perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) perceived the availability and adequacy of social ties, as well as how they discursively constructed social support during times of childhood adversity. Results indicated a prevalence of trauma in attachment relationships, a lack of perceived social support, and persistent messages that discouraged help seeking and engendered masculine norms (e.g., self-reliance, aggression, rejection of femininity, restrictive emotionality) and communication styles. The current study illustrates how the effects of adverse childhood experiences may be exacerbated by the absence of positive social ties and adherence to masculine gender norms governing communication. Thus, the protective benefit (or the “buffering effect”) of social support appears to be inaccessible for this specific population. Findings suggest so-called “batterer intervention program” groups could provide measures to increase perpetrators’ sense of social support during the intervention process and work to deconstruct additional masculine gender beliefs (i.e., in addition to power and control) to alleviate some of social and psychological effects of early childhood adversity.
Research on school principals in the Gulf states: A systematic review of topics and conceptual models
Authors: Hammad Waheed , Alazmi Ayeshah A.
Published: September 2020

In view of the growing emphasis by educational leadership and management (EDLM) scholars on diversifying the existing knowledge base in the field, this review of research analysed topics and conceptual models employed in 104 studies on school principals from the Arabian Gulf states published between 2000 and 2019. Systematic review methods were used to identify relevant studies documented in Arabic databases hosted by Dar Almandumah. Information was extracted from the articles and analysed using quantitative methods. The results revealed similarities between the data set under review and EDLM research from other developing countries in terms of research topics and conceptual development. Weaknesses are highlighted and recommendations are offered for strengthening future studies on school principals in the region.
Timing of Daily Activities over a 24-Hour Period and Affective Status among a National Cohort of Older Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Stahl Sarah T. , Rodakowski Juleen , Smagula Stephen F.
Published: September 2020

Objective: To examine the allocation of daily activities over a 24-hour period in caregivers (CGs) with and without a probable affective disorder. Methods: Participants were 192 older dementia CGs (mean age = 72.9 years, 70% female) who participated in the National Study of Caregiving. Time diary data were used to measure the duration and timing that caregivers were doing hygienic self-care, eating/drinking, household care, physical caregiving, medical caregiving, socializing, and television viewing. Affective status was assessed using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder screeners. Results: CGs were more likely to screen positive for depression/anxiety symptoms if they started hygienic self-care later (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.10–2.83) and started medical caregiving later (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.24–4.41). Hygienic self-care start times attenuated the effects of medical caregiving on the affective status. Discussion: Later timing of hygienic self-care may be an important behavioral response that contributes to affective disorder risk in dementia CGs.
Evaluating the Theistic Implications of the Kantian Moral Argument that Postulating God is Essential to Moral Rationality
Authors: Breitenbach Zachary
Published: September 2020

I contend that Kant’s moral argument that postulates God and an afterlife in order to justify moral rationality counts strongly in favor of theistic ethics even though it cannot on its own justify that God exists. In moving toward this conclusion, I assess Kant’s moral argument and note how both Kant and the utilitarian Henry Sidgwick, in their own ways, recognize that morality cannot reasonably be seen as completely overriding if God and an afterlife are rejected. I then critique a theistic moral rationality argument offered by C. Stephen Layman, as a flaw in this argument helps to reveal why arguments centering upon moral rationality likely cannot reach an ontological conclusion concerning theism; nevertheless, I contend that moral rationality arguments like Kant’s have apologetic significance for theism. They reveal a dilemma for secular ethics: either appeal to the possibility of theism in order to justify moral rationality or else accept that morality is not fully rational.
Landing gear hard impact: Preliminary study on optic monitoring system
Authors: Brindisi A , Vendittozzi C , Travascio L , Di Palma L , Concilio A
Published: September 2020

With the prospective of developing an integrated monitoring system aimed at assessing whether a landing gear has experienced hard impact during the approach, a dedicated method is developed aimed at determining vertical speed by means of strain measurement via FBG strain sensors. Representative impacts on simple structural elements have been reproduced in laboratory, as aluminum slender beams of different lengths were dropped from given heights onto a steel plate base. Contact velocities have been estimated by deformations detection.
Mothers, daughters, fathers and sons: intergenerational family social capital and inequalities in Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Moser Caroline O N
Published: September 2020

This paper describes the role of intergenerational processes in increasing or reducing multidimensional inequality in Indio Guayas, a low-income peripheral settlement in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It also examines the importance of family social capital, irrespective of spatial location, as against household social capital in these processes. This longitudinal case study included a dataset on trends from 1978 through 1992 to 2004, in-depth studies over the decades, and further comparative research in 2018. The anthropological narrative is provided by the voices of three women and their families over 40 years. In 2018, interviews my son and I undertook for the documentary film Calle K demonstrated the importance of family social capital in the intergenerational reciprocity among mothers, daughters, fathers and sons, while illustrating different intergenerational trajectories addressing the challenges of inequality at this micro-level. The postscript points to the likely critical importance of family social capital in the context of the appalling COVID-19 pandemic.
Utilization and professionalism toward social media among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Zhu Xinhong , Hu Hui , Xiong Zhenfang , Zheng Taoyun , Li Lin , Zhang Liuyi , Yang Fen
Published: September 2020

Background:

Social media has become an integrated part of nursing profession, requiring nursing students to develop confidentiality and professional fitness to practice. The aim of this study was to investigate nursing students’ usage, professionalism and attitudes toward social media.

Methods:

A cross-section study was conducted online among undergraduate nursing students (n = 654). Questionnaires of self-directed learning, self-efficacy and usage and views toward social media were administered.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical approval was obtained from the Hubei University of Chinese Medicine.

Results:

All participants were social media users. QQ (93.2%) was the most frequently used. 74.5% respondents spent 2–6 h on social media daily. The majority held positive attitudes toward social media. Year group and gender had influence on perceptions and attitudes toward social media. Furthermore, 81.5% students believed that social media positively influenced self-directed learning. Self-directed learning and learning motivation acted as predictors of the attitudes toward social media. Meanwhile, 67.3% students had posted personal photos and videos online, and 82.4% of them did not have privacy setting on social media. In addition,13.8% students attacked others or posted improper photos online. 22.9% participants witnessed improper posts from schoolmates or teachers, such as complaints about schoolmates or teachers (22.2%), foul language (11.1%), violence (3.9%), sexually suggestive photos (2.6%) and patient confidentiality (0.7%). In all, 15.0% respondents accepted “friend request” from patients. A total of 58.2% students were not aware of professional standards of behavior online for health care providers. In addition, 52.3% participants insisted that it is essential to develop social media and professionalism course for nursing students.

Conclusion:

Nursing students use social media extensively. Some students are at risk of carrying out unprofessional behavior which have detrimental effects on students’ future opportunities. This suggests that best practices and training in nurse education should be implemented to help students to be informed of professionalism.
An isogeometric analysis based design of highly sensitive and precise omnidirectional piezoelectric-fiber accelerometer
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Jian , Xia Yang , Liu Pengbo , Tang Bin
Published: September 2020

Measuring omnidirectional acceleration is highly important for robust control of the vehicle states. A novel omnidirectional accelerometer with three piezoelectric curved-fibers is designed by using the genetic algorithm based optimization method. The isogeometric analysis (IGA) is utilized to analyze the strain induced voltage outputs of curved piezoelectric fibers, which can also guarantee high computation accuracy and significantly reduce the amounts of calculation in the optimization procedure compared to the finite element method. Employing cylindrical piezoelectric three fibers, the cross-axis sensitivities of the x and z axes of the omnidirectional accelerometer is eliminated completely in theory, which ensures the detection precision of magnitude and direction of 3D acceleration. The output voltages of proposed curved three-fiber accelerometer in x and y axes respective are higher than the fully decoupled accelerometer with three orthogonal fibers. The sensor also exhibits high sensitivity in very low frequency range of [0.01 Hz, 5 Hz], and numerical simulated sensitivity can reach 7.42 to 13.41 V/g, which is 78% to 155% higher than that of the omnidirectional accelerometer with three parallel straight-fibers.
Thirty Years Working for Environmental Justice: Commemorating the 1990 Michigan Conference on Race and the Environment and Looking Toward the Future
Authors: Mohai Paul , Bryant Bunyan
Published: September 2020

This article introduces two panel discussions that were held at the University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability’s 2020 Michigan Environmental Justice Summit: Commemorating the Thirtieth Anniversary of Michigan’s Conference on Race and the Environment and Looking Toward the Future. The authors provide an historical overview of how the 1990 Michigan Conference helped to shape the development and progression of the environmental justice movement.
Managing concurrent execution of multiple activities in product development process
Authors: Oh Gyesik , Hong Yoo Suk
Published: September 2020

Many companies adopt concurrent engineering in their product-development projects in order to reduce time to market. Concurrent engineering requires careful management, since the uncertainty of transferred information leads to rework and renders a development process complex. Most of the existing studies on concurrent engineering have analyzed overlapping between two activities. The present study expanded the research scope by modeling the developmental process of the concurrent execution of multiple activities as the result of management decisions, the overlapping ratio, and the information transfer frequency. When multiple activities are overlapped, it is more difficult to model a development process, since the uncertainty of cascaded information has impacts on many activities. The quantitative model developed in the present study provides insights into the uncertainty of information and the product-development process. Based on the generalized process model for multiple-activity overlapping, the optimal decision to minimize project duration was considered. As a solution to the dilemma of the high computational burden of considering all feasible decision sets, this paper proposes a myopic heuristic. The project management heuristic proposed in this paper is intended to assist managers in the decision-making process, as well as reducing the intermediate deadlines in project main plan.
Multidisciplinary collaborative optimization based on relaxation method for solving complex problems
Authors: Chagraoui Hamda , Soula Mohamed
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the present work is to improve the performance of the standard collaborative optimization (CO) approach based on an existing dynamic relaxation method. This approach may be weakened by starting design points. First, a New Relaxation (NR) method is proposed to solve the difficulties in convergence and low accuracy of CO. The new method is based on the existing dynamic relaxation method and it is achieved by changing the system-level consistency equality constraints into relaxation inequality constraints. Then, a Modified Collaborative Optimization (MCO) approach is proposed to eliminate the impact of the information inconsistency between the system-level and the discipline-level on the feasibility of optimal solutions. In the MCO approach, the impact of the inconsistency is treated by transforming the discipline-level constrained optimization problems into an unconstrained optimization problem using an exact penalty function. Based on the NR method, the performance of the MCO approach carried out by solving two multidisciplinary optimization problems. The obtained results show that the MCO approach has improved the convergence of CO significantly. These results prove that the present MCO succeeds in getting feasible solutions while the CO fails to provide feasible solutions with the used starting design points.