bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CƯỜNG CẬN GIÁP SAU GHÉP THẬN: GIẢI PHÁP VÀ CHIẾN LƯỢC HIỆN NAY
Authors: Lê Thị Tiến , Đặng Anh Đào , Nguyễn Ngọc Quý , Phạm Thị Hạnh Đoan , Phạm Ngọc Sơn , Hồ Tô Duy Đức
Published: October 2024

Trong các phương pháp điều trị thay thế thận ở bệnh nhân (BN) mắc bệnh thận mạn giai đoạn cuối (End Stage Renal Disease - ESRD) thì ghép thận (Kidney Transplantation - KT) là lựa chọn tối ưu nhất. Tuy nhiên, bên cạnh những lợi ích mang lại sau KT, BN luôn phải đối diện với nhiều nguy cơ như thải ghép, nhiễm trùng, đặc biệt là bệnh lý khoáng xương sau KT (Chronic Kidney Disease-Bone and Mineral Disorder - CKD-BMD). Trong đó, những BN KT thành công sau 1 năm ghi nhận tỷ lệ 30 - 60% có cường cận giáp thứ phát (Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - SHPT) và tình trạng này có thể dẫn đến rối loạn chức năng thận ghép. Ngoài điều trị nội khoa cường cận giáp thứ phát sau ghép, thời điểm phẫu thuật cắt tuyến cận giáp phụ thuộc vào thời điểm, tình trạng BN, mức độ cường cận giáp, cũng như tùy từng phác đồ của các trung tâm ghép tạng, do những tác động của phẫu thuật tuyến cận giáp lên kết cục thận ghép vẫn còn nhiều tranh cãi.
KẾT QUẢ GHÉP THẬN SAU 6 THÁNG ĐẦU TIÊN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 103 LÀO
Authors: Keovithoun Vibounmy , Savengxay Dalasat , Khonevilay Khinthavong , Pan Philavong , Phimmasone Phommavongsa , Buasing Inthavong , Vũ Nhất Định , Nguyễn Văn Nam
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả 13 ca ghép thận đầu tiên được thực hiện tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 103 Lào. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả, theo dõi dọc từ tháng 12/2022 - 6/2024 trên 13 bệnh nhân (BN) bệnh thận mạn (BTM) giai đoạn cuối được ghép thận từ người cho sống. Kết quả: Tại thời điểm 6 tháng sau ghép, ghi nhận 01 BN có biến chứng rò niệu quản - bàng quang thận ghép, sau đó theo dõi bảo tồn và hồi phục hoàn toàn; chức năng thận ổn định dần trong 6 tháng đầu sau ghép thể hiện qua các chỉ số ure, creatinine máu và mức lọc cầu thận ước tính; mức lọc cầu thận trung bình tại thời điểm tháng thứ 6 là 78,2 ± 18,6 mL/phút; nồng độ thuốc C0 của Tacrolimus dần ổn định về ngưỡng khuyến cáo; sau ghép cải thiện tình trạng tăng huyết áp và thiếu máu. Kết luận: Sau ghép 6 tháng, 13 BN chức năng thận ổn định dần.
GIÁ TRỊ TIÊN LƯỢNG BIẾN CHỨNG NHIỄM TRÙNG, CHẬM LIỀN VẾT MỔ VÀ THẢI GHÉP CẤP SAU GHÉP THẬN CỦA NỒNG ĐỘ GLUCOSE MÁU NGAY SAU GHÉP
Authors: Đỗ Văn Nam , Bùi Văn Mạnh , Nguyễn Chí Tuệ , Nguyễn Thanh Nga , Ngô Đình Trung
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định giá trị tiên lượng biến chứng nhiễm trùng, chậm liền vết mổ và thải ghép cấp trong 14 ngày đầu sau ghép thận của nồng độ glucose máu ngay sau ghép. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả, không đối chứng trên 153 bệnh nhân (BN) ghép thận từ người hiến sống, sau ghép được theo dõi, điều trị tại Khoa Ghép, hồi sức, điều trị sau ghép, Bệnh viện Quân y 103. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ BN tăng glucose máu ngay sau ghép thận là 92,8%, tỷ lệ BN có nồng độ glucose máu tăng cao (≥ 11,1 mmol/L) ngay sau ghép là 47,1%. Nồng độ glucose máu ngay sau ghép có giá trị tiên lượng các biến chứng nhiễm trùng, chậm liền vết mổ, thải ghép cấp trong 14 ngày đầu sau ghép thận với diện tích dưới đường cong (AUC) lần lượt là 0,824; 0,803 và 0,811; ngưỡng tối ưu của nồng độ glucose máu ngay sau ghép trong tiên đoán lần lượt là 11,6 mmol/L; 11,3 mmol/L và 11,4 mmol/L, với p < 0,05. Kết luận: Bước đầu nhận thấy nồng độ glucose máu ngay sau ghép thận có khả năng tiên đoán tốt biến chứng nhiễm trùng, chậm liền vết mổ, thải ghép cấp trong 14 ngày đầu sau ghép thận.
Analyzing the Impact of Residential Chemicals upon the Heartbeat of Daphnia magna
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Lee Sean , Park Rebecca , Kim Jiwhan , Ha Victoria , Lee Jongbin , Jang Haneul
Published: October 2024

The controversial consensus among toxicology researchers is that the country's regulation of chemicals has always been insufficient. One critical aspect that has been debated is the government's ability to determine the criteria of what makes a commercially available chemical dangerous, especially considering that these chemicals haven’t undergone rigorous testing. In this experiment, the Daphnia magna’s heart rate change was evaluated through the serial dilution of residential chemicals, particularly for insecticides and herbicides. We utilized the change in the bpm of the Daphnia magna as an indicator of stress, which was used to analyze the environmental stress associated with the tested chemicals. An important parameter, the Cardiac Disturbance Indicator (CDI), was defined as the sum of the average heartbeat changes at the set time points we measured.  Results showed a broad spectrum of CDI from 0.0 to 90%, while the magnitude of CDI could be predicted by considering other published toxicological data.  The CDI was found to be a somewhat useful surrogate for scrutinizing any harmful effects in future studies.
Microplastic Pollution in the Marine Ecosystem: A Study of Seawater and Fish Samples from Bhaucha Dhakka and Versova Beach, Mumbai Coast
Authors: Ayushi Singh, , Bhushan Talpade, Meghana
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of microplastics in our environment is well recognized, but the deep extent of its impact on ecosystems is unknown. This study investigates the prevalence of microplastics in seawater and three species (Bombay duck, Silver Pomfret, and Indian prawn) of commercially available marine fish from the Mumbai suburbs. The investigation found microplastics in both water and fish samples, with an average concentration of 20 ± 14.8 MPs/L and 42 ± 14.8 MPs/L in two water samples from Versova Beach and Bhaucha Dhakka selected for the study. And 70 ± 10, 36 ± 08, and 23 ± 09 MPs/L respectively in three fish species. The highest concentrations were found in water samples from Bhaucha Dhakka and Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) from Bhaucha dhakka. The discovery of microplastics in fish tissues raises concerns about their potentially harmful impact on fish health and the implications for human consumption.
Artroplastia total de cadera por fractura de cuello femoral en paciente con amputación supracondílea: presentación de caso clínico
Authors: Zambonino Cayo⁠ Patricia Fernanda , Calderón Salazar Steeven Anibal , Maldonado Maldonado Darwin Antonio , Guzmán Pesantez Luis Antonio , Villacis Mora Daniel Alejandro , Guerrero Cardenas Miguel Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Las fracturas de cuello femoral en pacientes con amputación por encima de la rodilla no son comunes, existe poca evidencia sobre su manejo quirúrgico y los riesgos de complicaciones son mayores debidos al aumento de pérdida de masa muscular, calidad ósea disminuida y el desequilibrio que presentan, por lo cual la fisioterapia debe ser intensiva, enfocándose en mantener buenos rangos de movilidad y el fortalecimiento muscular, con lo cual se podrá avanzar en la reeducación de la marcha. El objetivo principal se enfoca en compartir nuestra experiencia en el manejo quirúrgico de un paciente con fractura del cuello femoral y antecedentes de amputación supragenicular. Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica en las plataformas de PudMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciencieDirect, GOOGLE ACADÉMICO y Cochrane Library sobre el manejo de fracturas de cuello femoral en pacientes amputados por encima de la rodilla, dando como resultado 20 estudios publicados entre 2011 y 2024 que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La artroplastia total de cadera en pacientes con amputación por encima de la rodilla se torna compleja. La utilización de clavos Steinman, Schanz o el uso de pinzas o ganchos óseos ayudan a controlar la rotación de la extremidad, así como los movimientos de dislocación y reubicación.
Assessing the Impact of Financial Technology (Fintech) on Financial Inclusion in Egypt: An Applied Study
Authors: Gamal Mohamed Nada , Moharam Algarhy Farid
Published: October 2024

Financial technology (Fintech) has emerged as a transformative force in the global financial landscape, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges. This study delves into the Egyptian context to assess the profound impact of fintech on financial inclusion—a crucial factor for economic development and social equity. Through empirical analysis, this research endeavors to unveil the multifaceted ways in which fintech is reshaping the financial landscape in Egypt, particularly regarding expanding access to financial services for underserved and unbanked populations. The data was collected from financial statements of banks over the period of 2018 – 2022, with keywords identified in annual reports to create dummy variables for analysis and analyzing it by STATA through logistic regression to determine whether there is a significant impact or not. The results reveal that the research supports the hypothesis that fintech has a significant effect on financial inclusion, as well as on reliability, availability, accessibility, and efficiency of electronic government services. Thus, this study contributes valuable insights for the Egyptian government to develop electronic payment systems and regulations that maximize the availability, accessibility, efficiency, and responsiveness of electronic government services, ultimately improving the lives of the nation’s residents. Keywords: Fintech, E-payment bills, Modes of payment, E-government system, Financial Inclusion
Returns to Agricultural Microcredit: Quasiexperimental Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: BIDISHA SAYEMA HAQUE , KHAN AKIB , KHONDKER BAZLUL HAQUE , IMRAN KHALID
Published: October 2024

Using nationally representative household survey and utilising suitable quantitative tools, this study provides evidence in favour of the positive effect of participation in a credit programme on agricultural production. Our estimates suggest that credit had significant contribution towards household crop production–in comparison to an otherwise similar household without credit. Credit recipient households were found to produce significantly greater amount of agricultural commodities.
LGBT - A GLOBAL ISSUE: SOCIAL IMPACT PREVENTIVE SOLUTION FROM QURANIC PERSPECTIVE (STUDY OF QURANIC CHAPTER AL-A‘RAF [7]: 80-81)
Authors: AHMAD FARHAN  , DR RAHMAN  , PROF DR ILYAS
Published: October 2024

The LGBT Problem is a hotly vulnerable discussion in 2021-2024. This is marked by the emergence of many movements from activists and sympathizers of LGBT supporters who ask for their rights in public spaces, such as the rights of society in general. The presence of a movement that advocates equality for LGBT people has a close relationship with the people of Prophet Lut (‘Alaih As-Salam), who have a different sexual orientation from humans in general, which in Arabic, is called liwatat (sodomy). The campaign effort was then carried out openly in the public. This study aims to analyze the practice of LGBT from an Islamic perspective based on the Quranic chapter Al-A‘raf verses 80-81. The results showed that the emergence of LGBT movements and campaigns today are an inseparable part of the story of Prophet Lut’s society, which has an unusual sexual orientation. The condition is caused by environmental, psychological, and theological factors. The rise of efforts to voice the equality of Human Rights openly has an impact on society in various aspects, including in the elements of health, society, education, and security. Thus, preventive solutions are needed to fend off the LGBT behaviour such as through education of faith and Islamic SharÊ‘ah, besides moral, psychiatric, social and sexual education.
The Impact of Information Technology Implementation in Accounting on the Effectiveness of Management Decision Making: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Putro Harjono Padmono
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of information technology (IT) implementation in accounting on the effectiveness of management decision-making, focusing on the role of advanced IT tools such as ERP systems, cloud computing, and blockchain in enhancing decision quality, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing a systematic literature review approach to gather and analyze relevant studies on IT implementation in accounting. The research examined various factors affecting decision-making processes and the benefits and challenges of integrating IT into accounting systems. The findings indicate that implementing IT significantly enhances the quality of managerial decision-making by providing real-time, accurate data. This study demonstrates how advanced accounting systems' high-quality information directly affects the effectiveness and efficiency of decision-making. Moreover, external factors such as regulatory changes and market dynamics are critical in moderating the relationship between IT and decision-making outcomes. The study highlights the need for organizations, particularly SMEs, to prioritize IT integration in their accounting practices. Practical implications include fostering a culture of innovation, providing comprehensive training, and regularly assessing IT infrastructure to improve decision-making processes and maintain a competitive edge.
Undergraduate Research As Applied Learning: Exploring Evacuation Preparedness
Authors: Fisher John , Bennett Mary
Published: October 2024

This study examines the effects of undergraduate research as applied learning, focusing on student researchers' experiences in Kosovo, North Macedonia, and the U.S. Utilizing faculty mentorship and critical reflection, students conducted interviews to assess disaster preparedness and community resilience. The methodology included qualitative interviews and reflective practices. The analysis was guided by theories of experiential learning. Findings reveal that mentorship and experiential learning significantly enhance research skills, cultural awareness, and personal development. The study underscores the importance of integrating experiential learning into education to foster critical thinking. Policy implications suggest that governments should support disaster preparedness and educators should prioritize applied learning initiatives.
The Impact of Applied Learning in Criminal Justice: How Does Visiting an Actual CJ Agency Affect A Student’s Career Plan?
Authors: Marble David
Published: October 2024

The final project/paper for the students of the Introduction to Criminal Justice class at Missouri Western State University is an applied learning activity intended to have students visit the actual worksite of a criminal justice agency to not only learn about the agency and their functions, but to also help them come to know if they really want to major in and pursue a career in criminal justice. Using qualitative content analysis of direct quotes from dozens of these papers over the past ten years, we come to the conclusion that this applied learning visit is very helpful in assisting students to know whether or not a job in law enforcement is something they really want to do.
Effects of cultivation on soil seed bank flora of Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Asfaw Ejo  , Samuel Tuffa  , Jaldesa Doyo
Published: October 2024

The effects of cultivation on soil seed bank flora of Borana rangeland were examined under three land use systems (Enclosure land, open grazing land, and different ages cultivated land). Soil seed bank sampling was carried out at the end of the growing season from 0.25m2 quadrates at 30 mm deep. Of the total plant species identified in the soil seed bank, 34.6% were grasses and 65.4% were forbs species. From the nine grass species recorded, four were identified as highly desirable, two as desirable and three as less desirable. From the highly desirable group, Dactyloctenium aegyptium was found to be common and dominant at the three land use systems of the enclosure, open grazing and cultivated lands for less than five years, while highly desirable species perennial grass like Cenchrus ciliaris and Chlorisrox burghiana were only found in enclosure lands. The species richness of enclosure, open grazing and cultivated 1-5 years land were higher respectively while cultivated land more than 10 years was the least. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in soil texture between land uses of the study sites. Due to cultivation pressure, more than ten years of cultivated land has more sandy soil than the remaining rangeland of the study areas. Generally long periods of cultivation and grazing pressure have negative impacts on Borana rangeland soil seed bank flora whiles enclosure land has higher values in restoring and sustaining the productivity of rangeland ecosystems. Therefore, a rangeland land use policy is required to sustain the productivity of rangeland through developing appropriate land use plans for each land use type of rangeland that is used to reduce the impact of rangeland ecosystem deterioration. Practices of rangeland management like resting of rangeland through enclosure, and moderate grazing with rotation grazing systems should be developed and strengthened in order to sustain rangeland ecosystem and feed resource productivities.
Biosynthesis, optimization of process parameters and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaf extract
Authors: Mela Yoro  , John David Samson  , Japhet Joshua  , Joyous Wilson Kitime Jonah  , Patrick Datheh Bello  , Dangiwa Grace Ajima  , Nazifa Umar
Published: October 2024

The present study was explored for biosynthesis, optimization of process parameters and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaf extract. When factors affecting the synthesis were optimized, the optimum conditions were temperature of 600C at time t, of 20 min, pH of 8.5, silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration of 2m M and 20 mL leaf extract. Formation of Ag NPs was primarily confirmed by change in color of reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorbance peak at 400nm at different time intervals indicating formation of Ag NPs. The surface morphology of Ag NPs investigated using SEM was found to be spherical with homogeneous morphology. The average diameter of the primary particles was found to be 27 nm with a standard deviation and 4.85% as a coefficient of variation. The bio synthesized Ag NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against both grams positive and gram negative pathogens investigated. It revealed the highest zone of inhibition at 16.2 mm for E. coli and 15.9 for S. typhimurium which were followed by S. aureus at 15.2 mm and B. cereus at 13.5 mm. On the other hand, the deionized water (negative control) and the leaf extract exhibited no any zone of inhibition. The AgNO3 being the positive control displayed antimicrobial efficacy against all tested pathogens, with their activities around 11.4 mm and 9.6 mm for gram negative bacteria, E. coli and S. typhimurium respectively. In the same vein, gram positive bacteria, S. aureus and B. cereus both have their zone of inhibition at 9.5 mm. With the foregoing, one may easily suggest that, Ag NPs fabricated from Moringa oleifera leaf extract be used in the treatment of diseases caused by the pathogens investigated in this research as it demonstrated high antibacterial potentials.
Mathematical analysis of sensitive parameters due to dynamic transmission of Ebola virus disease
Authors: Musibau A Omoloye  , Muritala A Afolabi  , Isaac A Olopade  , Adelani O Adesanya  , Akeem O Yunus
Published: October 2024

A mathematical model of Ebola virus disease was formulated, it was shown that the model was well- posed, both disease and endemic equilibria for the models were obtained. The models were analysed for stability and it was established that the disease free equilibrium of model is locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Similarly, there exist endemic point when the basic reproduction numbers of Ebola virus disease is greater than unity. The results obtained so far from sensitivity analysis strongly shows that the spread of Ebola virus disease in the population depend on effective contact rate. Conclusively, in the numerical simulation where Runge –Kutta method of order four via MAPPLE (18) software was adopoted it shows that the best way to control the Ebola virus disease in the population is to minimize the contact rate.
Understanding the aetiologies, pathogenesis, evaluation and management of ageing and insulin
Authors: Chrysanthus Chukwuma
Published: October 2024

This article presents the essence of insulin sensitivity, secretion and resistance in the treatment, lifestyle modifications, interventions and control of diabetes, obesity and related disorders . Progressive decline of glucose tolerance with advanced age is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes due to peripheral insulin resistance and impaired β cell function. In elderly persons, insulin secretion is impaired with decreased insulin clearance rate and increased circulating proinsulin concentration that suggests age-related hyperglycaemia. Insulin is associated with numerous pathophysiologic mechanisms during brain functionality, learning and memory, as much as in the regulation of ageing, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Man. Elevated chronic peripheral insulin, decreased insulin action and brain insulin levels are pathognomonic of the insulin resistance syndrome. These are entirely associated by means of defined mechanisms in the pathophysiology of ageing and insulin in concert with risk factors and concomitant complications. Suggestively, progressive excess insulin potentiates synchronous elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory effects which exacerbate or are aggravated by advancing age, leading to inimical consequences of healthy lifestyles, longevity or extended lifespan. Therapeutics and other healthcare measures may be beneficial to prevent, mitigate or amend insulin aberrations in the elderly and during the ageing process. The mainstay in the management of the elderly patient with perturbed insulin function is control of therapeutic application, as it is capable of reverting acute terminal conditions. Treatment necessitates stringent and ardent expertise, knowledge and skills for optimum provision and effective cerebral, cardiovascular and skeletal protection for a healthier lifespan and longevity. This article contributes to the understanding of the prevention, treatment and control of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and neurological disorders during ageing.
Exploring gender dynamics in the workplace: strategies for equitable professional development
Authors: Adebukola Olufunke Dagunduro  , Olanike Abiola Ajuwon  , Ayo Amen Ediae  , Chidinma Favour Chikwe
Published: October 2024

This review paper explores the evolving landscape of gender dynamics in the workplace, focusing on strategies for promoting gender equity and enhancing professional development. It examines the historical context and current gender equity trends, highlighting ongoing challenges such as the gender pay gap and barriers to career progression. The paper analyses effective strategies, including implementing robust policy frameworks, mentorship and sponsorship programs, and comprehensive training initiatives. It also evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies using metrics, benchmarks, and case examples. The review concludes with recommendations for organizations and policymakers, emphasizing the need for sustained commitment, integration of gender equity into broader organizational practices, and responsiveness to emerging trends. Future research directions are identified, including the impact of remote work models, the role of artificial intelligence in HR practices, and the intersectionality of gender with other diversity dimensions. This paper aims to offer practical insights and guidance for creating more equitable and inclusive work environments that support the professional growth of all employees.
Time as Ordinary Practice
Authors: Robin Cynthia
Published: October 2024

The modest Maya community of Chan, where ordinary people lived for generations, included a large central building that contained a cache of divining tokens left by the last leading occupants in a back room. These small brown “apple snail” shells, leavings of meals, were clearly not trash, but an offering next to an incised conjuring pattern called “patolli” after the casting game. Divination, the use of calendar calculation and the casting of tokens to perceive future time, is pervasive among Mayan speakers and caches of tokens from the Precolumbian era are well documented This chapter details the nature of Maya divination as part of ordinary Maya work, and then provides comparison to a particularly rich archaeological context, the shaman’s house in the Classic Period center of Ceren in Salvador. The female shaman of Ceren was buried with deer antler tines, which reference way spirits called Chih Chan, and found objects closely analogous to those used by contemporary Maya diviners. The significance of divining underscores the aspirational quality of Maya materialization of time, essential to the rulers and courtiers of the Classic world in their prophetic celebration of time passage on stelae, and the vital connection between such leaders and ordinary people in ancient Maya society.
The Materialization of Time in the Maya Archaeological Record
Authors: Chase Diane Z. , Chase Arlen F.
Published: October 2024

The Maya computed and negotiated with time on an almost daily basis. Their engagement with time may be found throughout their archaeological record. Archaeological data demonstrate how time was embedded within the material remains of Caracol and Santa Rita Corozal, Belize and show basic continuities in ritual practice over 1300 years. For Caracol, time was embedded both in central constructions and in everyday practices throughout the city, performed by the elite as well as by the city’s other inhabitants. Time structured ritual activities not only in the site center but also in residential households throughout the city. Similarly, archaeological remains recovered from the Postclassic city of Santa Rita Corozal demonstrate the manifestation of time in ritual deposits that have been recovered from that site’s shrines and households. The focus on katun (20-year) cycle ritual at both sites is significant and the caching practices and use of effigy incensarios at Caracol may inform archaeological contexts at other Classic Period Maya centers. In both cases, time was not solely commemorated, but itself had agency. Ritual acts not only sought to ensure a good supply of rain and bountiful harvests but also to negotiate changes in the path of history.
The Odd Couple
Authors: New Melvyn
Published: October 2024

Laurence Sterne’s borrowings from John Norris of Bemerton, overlooked by previous scholars, establish this Anglican Neoplatonist (1657–1711) as one of Sterne’s most important sources. The borrowings establish key elements of the text (e.g., explicating the “riddles and mysteries” passage made much of by modern critics), and Norris’s opposition to John Locke opens to Sterne studies the distinct possibility that epistemological approaches to his writings take us in the wrong direction. Sterne’s texts, in fact, respond to an ontological approach better than the excessive attention given to Sterne’s commonplace allusions to Locke. Norris’s presence in both Tristram Shandy and A Sentimental Journey makes evident that Sterne never abandoned his religious faith in eighteenth-century Anglicanism or his pastoral role when he turned to fiction in the last decade of his life.
Johnson, T. S. Eliot, and the City
Authors: New Melvyn
Published: October 2024

This essay discusses Samuel Johnson’s relationship with modernism by examining his imitation of Juvenal’s satire 3, “London” and T. S. Eliot’s “Prufrock” as responses to the difficulties of being a Christian in a secular world. For both poets the city represents science, progress, and Enlightenment and both are drawn to its advantages and continue to live in the city for the rest of their lives. At the same time, the city’s delusions of pride and perfection link the poets (including Juvenal) to an urban despair that comes from both a sense of separation from community and God.
Richardson’s Sir Charles Grandison and Sterne
Authors: New Melvyn
Published: October 2024

While no two authors might seem further apart than Samuel Richardson and Laurence Sterne, a primary Christian notion linking the two is “incomplete enjoyment.” Sterne famously puts this notion at the center of A Sentimental Journey and in Sir Charles Grandison, the idea is repeated again and again (“in the highest of our pleasures, the sighing heart will remind us of imperfection”) and exhibited at the conclusion where the joy of the married Charles and Harriet is marred by Richardson’s refusal to dispose of Clementina in any final manner.
Single and Double
Authors: New Melvyn
Published: October 2024

The notion that Scriblerian satire is a figment of the modern critical imagination is belied by the many intersections between Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy and Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus. In this essay, the chapters leading up to the “Double Mistress” (on vanity and the location of the soul) are compared to similar discussions in Tristram, and most especially the idea in both that Justice and Truth always depend on the existence of a spiritual world alongside the material. This duality, fundamental to all religious thought, conflicted with some Enlightenment claims, but even its main proponent, John Locke, allows “spirit” or the “soul” to permeate all parts of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Introduction
Authors: Osumare Halifu
Published: October 2024

Osumare opens her memoir with her decision to move to Hawaii, albeit with some self-doubt, to begin her self-reinvention and to further explore the soul connection that exists in Black dancers. Her story focuses on dance in relation to activism illuminating Black culture. With her deep influence from Katherine Dunham, she gives a detailed synopsis of Dunham’s life, works, experiences with racial discrimination, and her combination of dance and scholarship inspiring Osumare’s own approach to combine these fields in her activism. In discussing the concept of Afrofuture, she reflects on the current shifting political dynamics that began with the the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement. Osumare explains how Afrofuturism equates to this current manifestation of culture where the past, present and future collide, allowing the production of a vision defying the past to become an integral part of the future. Her personal intercultural and inclusive approach to activism also led to move to Hawaii to study hula. She examines the soul power of black dancers and of her own career- through her dance improvisations and describes its meaning of dancing and performing with human depth. She concludes this introduction with a breakdown of the subsequent chapter of the memoir.
Hip-Hoping Back to Ghana
Authors: Osumare Halifu
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on Osumare’s five-month fellowship in Ghana, where she simultaneously explored important Ghanaian sites, like the Dubois Centre and The Slave Castles, and the dialogue between Africans and African Americans which became the centre of her research in Ghana. She reflects on the changes and similarities in Ghana from her current vs. her first visit years prior. She studies a synthesis of Indigenous highlife music and American hip-hop. She also details her teaching in the Department of Dance Studies at the University of Ghana, Legon, as well as that of the Dunham Technique for the Ghana National Dance Theatre. Furthermore, she discusses her travels that allow her to put Ghanaian hiplife and highlife music into a larger African pop music context, setting herself up to start writing her book on The Hiplife in Ghana.
Deities of the Sun and Moon in Borgia Group Codices
Authors: Milbrath Susan
Published: October 2024

Chapter 5 features a detailed study of solar and lunar deities in Borgia Group codices and their relationship with deities in Aztec religion. This chapter outlines iconographic features associated with the Sun God Tonatiuh, and related solar gods, such as Piltzintecuhtli, a nocturnal aspect of the sun, and Xochipilli, a solar god linked with gaming, feasting, and flowers. Lunar deities featured in this chapter include Xochiquetzal, the bride of the sun who is associated with sensuality and butterflies. The Moon Goddess, Tlazolteotl, symbolizes motherhood and feminine activities, such as spinning cotton, and she has an interesting relationship with the malevolent Cihuateteo. Chapter 5 also highlights male lunar avatars, most notably the Moon God, Tecciztecatl, called the “conch-shell-lord,” and lunar personas of Tezcatlipoca, the god of the smoking mirror. The last section features the pulque gods linked with the lunar cycle used to time the production of this alcoholic beverage.
Iconographic Analysis of a Royal Funerary Ceramic
Authors: Oss Sarah Van , Navarro-Farr Olivia C.
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses a single vessel from one tomb, the Serpent Vessel from El Perú-Waka Burial 61, the final tomb of Lady K’abel. The vessel was part of her funerary arrangement and served as part of the performative political ritual surrounding her interment and her own role as a queen and conqueror. The Maya iconography on the vessel reflects these roles, featuring transcendent zoomorphs and vision serpents, rising from a depiction of the Serpent Vessel itself. These images dance across the surface of the vessel, reflecting K’abel’s ritual practice, influence from Teotihuacan, and the imagery’s place within the traditions of Classic Maya artistic ritual, funerary archaeology, and art history. With this focus on a single element of the funerary assemblage, the buried queen is shown within a larger regional narrative connecting Kaanul, Teotihuacan, El Perú-Waka’, and the whole of the Classic Maya Lowlands.
Le Roman de la Rose , a Cauldron of Controversy
Authors: McRae Joan E.
Published: October 2024

The Roman de la Rose was written as a dream vision and an allegory. Both literary devices, steeped in tradition and meaning, influence readers’ expectations and interpretations regarding its promise to reveal the text’s true meaning. The narrative recounts the story of a lover who pursues and achieves his love interest, a rose encountered in the Garden of Pleasure. A work of poetry, the text’s beautiful verses made it immediately popular, though not without controversy. Its influence on subsequent texts was widespread and undeniable, ranging from verse form and literary devices to subject matter and themes of misogyny.
La Belle Dame sans Mercy and the Never-ending Quarrel
Authors: McRae Joan E.
Published: October 2024

While France was mired in civil war, Alain Chartier composed a controversial love poem, La Belle Dame sans Mercy. The lady’s refusal of her lover incited ire at the court of Charles VII. A debate or querelle ensued, at first through letters between Alain and the ladies and courtiers to challenge Alain’s intentions. His character, the Belle Dame, was then accused of the murder of her lover and brought to trial before the allegorical court of Love in a cycle of litigious poems, authored by Baudet Herenc, Achilles Caulier and others. Other imitation poems position the lover and lady to behave differently or explore consequences of the lovers’ failed encounter. For example, the lady finally accepts her lover, the lady gives a confession of her sin of refusal, the lover enters the hospital of love or joins a group of friars, the lover faces charges of abusing the rules of love, he confesses wrongdoing on his deathbed, the lover’s loyalty is rewarded for eternity. In a proliferation of poems, many different themes, tropes, and contexts were exploited, but all focused on the rights of women in love and the responsibility of an author to the audience.
Conclusion
Authors: Bailey Megan M.
Published: October 2024

This chapter looks to the future of the L’Hermitage landscape. What might it become? What can it teach us? The land has a rich and complex past; its representations in the future must be equally so. The investigation of Monocacy National Battlefield’s plantation history provided an opportunity to explore dynamic and ever-changing power relations in the past and present as they played out over the landscape. The history of L’Hermitage Plantation links multiple countries, people, and stories, to create a complex narrative of precarity and control in the past and present.
The Alamogordo Atari Excavations
Authors: Caraher William R.
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a report on an excavation in the New Mexico desert designed to determine whether the Alamogordo landfill became the final destination for a large assemblage of Atari games dumped at the site in 1983. It describes the structure of the landfill as well as the characters of both the landfill and the Atari assemblage. This chapter also offers some basic analysis of the dig. This analysis situates the Atari excavations in the context of the archaeology of the contemporary world, the history of the postwar American West, and the contemporary nostalgia for childhood.
Borders, Migrants, and Homelessness at the Edge of the American Experience
Authors: Caraher William R.
Published: October 2024

This chapter marks the beginning of the second half of the book which traces the research that contextualized the author’s study of temporary workforce housing during the Bakken oil boom. The chapter surveys recent work on the archaeology of borders, migrant camps, and homelessness. It demonstrates how this scholarship offers significant critiques of contemporary political and economic conditions central to the American experience. It also contributes to how we understand individual agency in the adaptation of short-term housing and the production of home.
The City, Ruins, and Protests in the American Experience
Authors: Caraher William R.
Published: October 2024

This chapter recognizes new forms of urbanism and ruins that constitute a common backdrop for the postindustrial American experience and the extractive landscape of the Bakken. The archaeology of American cities and their hinterlands offers a perspective on the transformation of late twentieth and early twenty-first-century cities and contextualizes recent protests for racial equality. This chapter also recognizes the growing role of archaeology in tracing the relationships between cities, their environments, and the infrastructures necessary to maintain our contemporary mode of existence.
Island of Hope
Authors: Erlandson Jon M. , Braje Todd J. , Gill Kristina M. , Rick Torben C.
Published: October 2024

Tuqan (a.k.a. San Miguel) Island, totaling just 37 km2 and situated 44 km off the Southern California Coast, has been occupied by people for at least 13,000 years, a period in which the geography and ecosystems of the island have changed dramatically. Early historical accounts described Tuqan as a marginal and windswept island with limited fresh water, terrestrial plants and animals, and other resources, an island that supported a small and relatively impoverished Island Chumash population of fewer than 100 people. The archaeology and historical ecology of Tuqan tell a very different story, however, one of significantly larger and more prosperous Island Chumash communities, which survived and thrived despite sometimes dramatic geographic and ecological changes of the late Pleistocene and Holocene. These natural changes—including climatic warming, rapid sea level rise, shrinking land area, and greater isolation caused by the inundation of coastal lowlands—were accompanied by human impacts to local ecosystems visible in the archaeological record. The story of Island Chumash persistence, adaptability, and resilience, along with the continuing recovery of island ecosystems under the management of federal agencies, provides lessons of hope for modern island and coastal communities threatened by similar processes today.
Agricultural History, Deforestation, and Cultural Survival in the Highlands of New Guinea
Authors: Denham Tim
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, a prospective role for archaeology in contributing to the future conservation of tropical rainforests and the ongoing cultural survival of the human communities who live within them is sketched. Archaeology provides specific information on the ways people have lived within tropical rainforest environments through time and how they helped create these cultural landscapes. Archaeology complements paleoecological reconstructions by providing highly targeted and multifaceted information on past cultural practices. Thereby, archaeological information contributes to: the characterization of human-ecosystem interactions in the past; the assessment of corresponding biodiversity implications, including the threefold character of deforestation (disturbance, degradation, and denudation); and the formulation of dynamic baselines and temporal depth for contemporary management. These themes are developed with respect to the New Guinea region, comparatively drawing on other regions with extensive tracts of tropical rainforest. The intention is to explore the ways archaeological information about the past can be repurposed to address sustainability goals into the future.
Island Engineers, Engineering Islands
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: October 2024

In many ways, anthropogenic islands, like South Florida’s Mound Key or Nan Madol in Micronesia, serve as model systems for how human populations can affect pristine environments. This ranges from land modification due to forest clearance for agricultural and other activities to the introduction of invasive species and the extirpation or extinction of local flora and fauna. In this chapter, we describe two case studies of how islanders in the Americas and Pacific Islands engineered landforms and shorelines through monumental construction. These massive engineering feats contributed to a more invested commitment to place as well as community resilience in the face of environmental and social stressors over time. We argue that such investments were conscious efforts to manage resources (cultural and economic) and represent precursors to historical and modern attempts to construct artificial islands for various purposes. With climate change and rising seas, many modern coastal communities will have to make similar investments to sustain infrastructure and social resilience, ranging from abandonment and resettlement to consolidation within coastal defenses and the construction of floating cities as part of seasteading initiatives.
Islands as Nodes of Human Resilience and Persistence
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Gill Kristina M. , Erlandson Jon M.
Published: October 2024

Here we review issues related to the archaeology and interdisciplinary study of long-term human persistence, resilience, and sustainability in island settings around the world. While the study of human impacts on island ecosystems and the collapse of ancient island societies have contributed valuable information, the vast majority of island societies around the world show strong evidence of long-term persistence and resilience, even in the face of the generally devastating effects of European colonialism. This suggests that many islands and island cultures are less fragile, marginal, and vulnerable than often depicted by Western scholars. Nonetheless, modern island and coastal societies face daunting challenges in the decades to come, ranging from climate change to sea level rise, loss of habitable lands and heritage resources, and much more. Following historical ecology, we argue that the study of human responses to similar challenges in the past has relevance for developing modern solutions, especially those practices rooted in local Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge.
Cattle in the Postcolumbian Americas
Authors: Delsol Nicolas
Published: October 2024

This book examines the impact of cattle on post-Columbian societies in the Circum-Caribbean region. The introduction and exploitation of cows transformed both cattle and human populations during the early post-Columbian era. The study analyzes faunal collections from major post-Columbian sites in Spanish America, including Puerto Real (16th century, Haiti), Mexico City (16th-17th century), Antigua Guatemala (16th-18th century), and Merida, Yucatan (17th-18th century), using a range of analyses from zooarchaeology. It thus traces the migration of humans and cattle from Spain to the Caribbean and then to New Spain.
The research, embedded in the framework of assemblage theory, conceptualizes different stages of cattle's life history as "social fields," social arenas defined by interactions between people of different backgrounds and cows. Results clarify the geographic origins of cattle using ancient DNA analyses, examine cattle management practices and the emergence of the cowboy or vaquero figure, and investigate the emergence of specialized butchery. Finally, the study assesses the use and diffusion of new materials obtained through disassembling the bovines' bodies.
This work highlights how cows and humans shaped each other in the post-Columbian Americas, where the arrival of cattle created new subject positions among humans, and how their byproducts shaped the economy and material culture. Cattle affected humans' lives at different stages of their life history, from transportation to consumption and trade over long distances. This book underscores the importance of studying the interactions between humans and animals in shaping cultural and economic practices.
Following the Cattle Assemblage
Authors: Delsol Nicolas
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the underlying theoretical principles that constitute the foundations of the book, including archaeological theory, assemblage theory, and actor-network theory (ANT). The interdependence between cattle and humans in the Circum-Caribbean region during the post-Columbian era is addressed through the metaphor of the itinerary. We look at various stages of a cow's life, including transportation, breeding, management, disassembly, and the use of its byproducts to illuminate the social, historical, and cultural context around them. Cattle, humans, and other non-human actors are considered as assemblages, where reality is a constant flow of matter between entities that create networks and mutually change as they move. ANT is used to model a series of nested assemblages that include cows, humans, and other actants, resulting in complex social fields such as haciendas or slaughterhouses.
Raising Cattle in Colonial Spanish America
Authors: Delsol Nicolas
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, we identify the mode of cattle husbandry in the early colonial Caribbean and New Spain using zooarchaeological proxies such as demographic indicators, which include age at death, sex, size, and health conditions. The study aimed to determine if open-range ranching played a significant role in these regions as suggested by historical literature. Based on the chosen proxies, the results suggest that highly mobile and extensive raising practices appear to have been predominant from the earliest cattle introduction to the Caribbean. This seems to have greatly benefited the animals, as shown by the steep increase in size from Spain to the Americas. These new conditions also affected the human practitioners and favored the emergence of new subjectivities, such as the first cowboys, horseback workers who followed large cattle herds across the land. As highlighted in the historical scholarship, these first post-Columbian ranchers were often of African ancestry, highlighting the key contribution of Black workers and African ranchers in the implementation of ranching in the region.