bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Clearing Heat and Detoxifying Injection in the Treatment of Influenza: A Randomized, Double‐Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Yuhong , Wei Baolin , Liu Xinqiao , Zhang Yaqing , Huang Xiaomin , Tan Yuping , Sun Zengtao
Published: November 2014

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHDI in the treatment of influenza infection. Method. A randomized double‐blind, double dummy trial was conducted. Influenza patients with a positive influenza A rapid test diagnosis were randomized to receive CHDI or oseltamivir. Primary outcome was assessed by the median fever alleviation time and clearance time, and secondary outcome was total scores of influenza symptoms. Results. One hundred thirty‐nine participants were screened and 34 had a RT‐PCR laboratory confirmation of influenza virus infection. Fever alleviation time was 2.5 and 5 hours in CHDI and oseltamivir, respectively, and fever clearance time was 32.5 and 49 hours. The HR of fever alleviation and clearance time shows no significant difference between two groups. Total scores of influenza symptoms descended significantly in both groups after treatment and descended more in CHDI than oseltamivir on day 2. Similar to total symptoms severity score, fever severity score descend more significantly in CHDI than oseltamivir on day 2, and there were no differences on other symptoms. Conclusions. CHDI have a similar effect to oseltamivir in reducing the duration of influenza illness. CHDI was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events noted during the study period.
Joint Application of Bilinear Operator and F‐Expansion Method for (2 + 1)‐Dimensional Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Li Shaolin , He Yinghui , Long Yao
Published: November 2014

The bilinear operator and F‐expansion method are applied jointly to study (2 + 1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili (KP) equation. An exact cusped solitary wave solution is obtained by using the extended single‐soliton test function and its mechanical feature which blows up periodically in finite time for cusped solitary wave is investigated. By constructing the extended double‐soliton test function, a new type of exact traveling wave solution describing the assimilation of solitary wave and periodic traveling wave is also presented. Our results validate the effectiveness for joint application of the bilinear operator and F‐expansion method.
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMixed Culture of Blackberry (Rubus ulmifoliusL.) Juice: Synergism in the Aroma Compounds Production
Authors: Bautista-Rosales Pedro Ulises , Ragazzo-Sánchez Juan Arturo , Ruiz-Montañez Gabriela , Ortiz-Basurto Rosa Isela , Luna-Solano Guadalupe , Calderón-Santoyo Montserrat
Published: November 2014

Blackberry (Rubussp.) juice was fermented using four different strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae(Vitilevure-CM4457, Enoferm-T306, ICV-K1, and Greroche Rhona-L3574) recognized because of their use in the wine industry. A medium alcoholic graduation spirit (<6GL°) with potential to be produced at an industrial scale was obtained. Alcoholic fermentations were performed at28C°, 200 rpm, and noncontrolled pH. The synergistic effect on the aromatic compounds production during fermentation in mixed culture was compared with those obtained by monoculture and physic mixture of spirits produced in monoculture. The aromatic composition was determined by HS-SPME-GC. The differences in aromatic profile principally rely on the proportions in aromatic compounds and not on the number of those compounds. The multivariance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and factorial discriminant analysis (DFA) permit to demonstrate the synergism between the strains.
Production, Characterization of Tannase fromPenicillium montanenseURM 6286 under SSF Using Agroindustrial Wastes, and Application in the Clarification of Grape Juice (Vitis viniferaL.)
Authors: Lima Juliana Silva de , Cruz Roberta , Fonseca Julyanna Cordoville , Medeiros Erika Valente de , Maciel Marília de Holanda Cavalcanti , Moreira Keila Aparecida , Motta Cristina Maria de Souza
Published: November 2014

Tannase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes esters and lateral bonds of tannins, such as tannic acid, releasing glucose and gallic acid and stands out in the clarification of wines and juices. Fungi of the generaAspergillusandPenicilliumare excellent producers of this enzyme. The search for fungi that produce high levels of tannase as well as new substrates for the enzyme production by the SSF is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase byAspergillusandPenicilliumspecies through SSF using leaves and agroindustrial waste barbados cherry and mangaba fruit as substrate, select the best producer, optimize production, characterize the crude enzyme extract, and apply it the clarification of grape juice. Selecting the best producer was performed by planning Placket-Burman and RSM.P. montanenseshowed highest activity with 41.64 U/mL after 72 h of fermentation residue using barbados cherry, with 3.5% tannic acid and 70% moisture. The enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 9.0 and 50°C. The tannase ofP. montanensewas stable over a wide pH range and temperature and, when applied to grape juice, showed higher efficiency by reducing 46% of the tannin content after incubation 120 m.
Use of Coal Bottom Ash as Mechanical Stabiliser in Subgrade Soil
Authors: Cadersa Abdus Salaam , Seeborun Akshay Kumar , Chan Chim Yuk Andre
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the laboratory investigation work which forms part of a full scale research road project in Mauritius where coal bottom ash is used as mechanical stabiliser in a saprolitic subgrade soil. Three mixtures of subgrade soil and CBA were investigated in the laboratory, each containing varying percentages of coal bottom ash by weight (15%, 30%, and 40%, resp.). The laboratory research indicated that the mechanical properties of the subgrade soil are improved with the addition of bottom ash. Highest values for soaked and unsoaked CBR values were obtained for the mixture containing 30% by weight of bottom ash, which were 145% and 95%, respectively, as compared to 40% and 55% for the subgrade soil alone. Upon addition of coal bottom ash, a considerable decrease in swelling potential during soaking was observed for the mixture containing 40% by weight of CBA. The swell decreased from 0.17% for the subgrade soil alone to 0.04% for the mixture containing 40% by weight of CBA. Moreover, a CBA content of 30% resulted in a mix of intermediate plasticity as compared to the subgrade soil which is highly plastic. It is concluded that coal bottom ash can be used successfully as a mechanical stabilizer in the experimental subgrade soil by addition of 30 to 40% of CBA.
Agro-Residues: Surface Treatment and Characterization of Date Palm Tree Fiber as Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Elbadry Elsayed A.
Published: November 2014

The aims of this research are to investigate the effect of different surface treatment methods on the different properties of date palm fiber (DPF) compared to raw DPF fibers such as surface morphology, density, thermal stability, and tensile properties. The first surface treatment is called surface hand cleaning which can be carried out by cleaning the fibers by soft sand cloth; the second one is the same as the first one after DPF heat treatment in the furnace at 100°C for 1.5 h and the third one is by chemical treatment with 1% NaOH at 100°C for 1 h. The results showed that the mechanical performance of DPF was enhanced by the different treatments and the chemical treatment has pronounced effect on the behavior of DPF. Raw fibers showed the highest variability and presented the lowest value of Weibull modulus, whereas the fibers showed less variability by carrying out the different treatments. Moreover, using soda treatment cleans the fiber surface which causes fibrillation and therefore the tensile strength of the fibers increases.
Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens and Their Link to High Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Gutiérrez René , Villarreal-Pérez Jesús Zacarías , Morales-Martinez Felipe Arturo , Rodríguez-Guajardo René , González-Saldivar Gloria , Mancillas-Adame Leonardo G. , Alvarez-Villalobos Neri Alejandro , Lavalle-Gonzalez Fernando Javier , González-González José Gerardo
Published: November 2014

Background. Although the association between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hyperandrogenism was identified more than 40 years ago, relevant questions remain unanswered.Design and Methods. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled study in 23 women with a diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole (HM).Results. All participants completed the study. Before HM evacuation mean hCG was markedly higher in the cases than in the control group (P≤0.001). Free testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were found to be higher in the cases (2.78 ± 1.24 pg/mL and 231.50 ± 127.20 μ/dL) when compared to the control group (1.50 ± 0.75 pg/mL and 133.59 ± 60.69 μ/dL) (P=0.0001and 0.001), respectively. There was a strong correlation between hCG and free T/total T/DHEA-S concentrations (r=0.78;P≤0.001,r=0.74;  P≤0.001, andr=0.71;  P≤0.001), respectively. In the cases group 48 hours after HM evacuation, hCG levels were found to be significantly lower when compared to initial levels (P=0.001) and free T and DHEA-S declined significantly (P=0.0002and 0.009).Conclusion. Before uterus evacuation, hCG, free T, and DHEA-S levels were significantly higher when compared with controls finding a strong correlation between hCG and free T/DHEA-S levels. Forty-eight hours after HM treatment hCG levels declined and the difference was lost. A novel finding of our study is that in cases, besides free T, DHEA-S was also found to be significantly higher and both the ovaries and adrenal glands appear to be the sites of this androgen overproduction.
New Classes of Graceful Trees
Authors: Hossain Md. Forhad , Aziz Md. Momin Al , Kaykobad M.
Published: November 2014

Graceful labeling is one of the most researched problems. One of the earliest results is that caterpillars are graceful. We show that caterpillars connected to a vertex recursively satisfying certain conditions are also graceful.
Conditioned Medium Reconditions Hippocampal Neurons against Kainic Acid Induced Excitotoxicity: AnIn VitroStudy
Authors: Bevinahal Pradeep Kumar K. , Venugopal Chaitra , Yencharla Harish Chandra Prasad S. , Chandanala Shashank , Trichur Raju R. , Talakad Sathyaprabha N. , Bhonde Ramesh R. , Dhanushkodi Anandh
Published: November 2014

Stem cell therapy is gaining attention as a promising treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases. The functional efficacy of grafted cells is a matter of debate and the recent consensus is that the cellular and functional recoveries might be due to “by-stander” effects of grafted cells. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells in a kainic acid (KA) induced hippocampal degeneration model system inin vitrocondition. Hippocampal cell line was exposed to KA (200 µM) for 24 hrs (lesion group) whereas, in the treatment group, hippocampal cell line was exposed to KA in combination with HEK-CM (KA + HEK-CM). We observed that KA exposure to cells resulted in significant neuronal loss. Interestingly, HEK-CM cotreatment completely attenuated the excitotoxic effects of KA. In HEK-CM cotreatment group, the cell viability was ~85–95% as opposed to 47% in KA alone group. Further investigation demonstrated that treatment with HEK-CM stimulated the endogenous cell survival factors like brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2, revealing the possible mechanism of neuroprotection. Our results suggest that HEK-CM protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity by stimulating the host’s endogenous cell survival mechanisms.
Some Remarks on the Self-Exponential Function: Minimum Value, Inverse Function, and Indefinite Integral
Authors: González-Santander J. L. , Martín G.
Published: November 2014

Considering the function xx as a real function of real variable, what is its minimum value? Surprisingly, the minimum value is reached for a negative value of x. Furthermore, considering the function fβx=x-βx, β∈R and x>0, two different expressions in closed form for the inverse function fβ-1 can be obtained. Also, two different series expansions for the indefinite integral of fβ and fβ-1 are derived. The latter does not seem to be found in the literature.
Distributed Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers for Wind Vibration Response Control of High-Rise Building
Authors: Elias Said , Matsagar Vasant
Published: November 2014

Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) distributed along height of a high-rise building are investigated for their effectiveness in vibration response control. A 76-storey benchmark building is modeled as shear type structure with a lateral degree of freedom at each floor, and tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are installed at top/different floors. Suitable locations for installing the TMDs and their tuning frequencies are identified based, respectively, on the mode shapes and frequencies of the uncontrolled and controlled buildings. Multimode control strategy has been adopted, wherein each TMD is placed where the mode shape amplitude of the building is the largest or large in the particular mode being controlled and tuned with the corresponding modal frequency. Newmark’s method is used to solve the governing equations of motion for the structure. The performance of the distributed MTMDs (d-MTMDs) is compared with single tuned mass damper (STMD) and all the MTMDs placed at top floor. The variations of top floor acceleration and displacement under wind loads are computed to study the effectiveness of the MTMDs in vibration control of the high-rise building. It is concluded that the d-MTMDs are more effective to control wind induced vibration than the STMD and the MTMDs placed at top floor.
Successful Treatment of Disseminated Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma with Single Agent Oral Cyclosporine as a First Line Therapy
Authors: Iqbal Nida , Raina Vinod
Published: November 2014

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm of mature cytotoxic T-cells. Currently there are no standardized therapies for SPTL; however good responses have been seen with chemotherapy regimens generally employed for B-cell lymphomas. Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, has shown good responses in relapsed/refractory SPTL; however its use in first line setting is not well established. We, herein, describe a 22-year-old girl with disseminated SPTL who attained complete clinical remission with single agent oral cyclosporine used as a first line therapy.
Extensive Presentation of Central Ossifying Fibroma Treated with Conservative Surgical Excision
Authors: Dominguete Matheus Henrique Lopes , Dominguette Alexandre Augusto Sarto , Matos Bruno Henrique , Dominguete Paulo Roberto , León Jorge Esquiche , Oliveira Lucinei Roberto
Published: November 2014

Central ossifying fibroma is a benign slow-growing tumor of mesenchymal origin and it tends to occur in the second and third decades of life, with predilection for women and for the mandibular premolar and molar areas. Clinically, it is a large asymptomatic tumor of aggressive appearance, with possible tooth displacement. Occasionally treated by curettage enucleation, this conservative surgical excision is showing a recurrence rate extremely low. The objective of this study was to report a case of a 44-year-old woman, presenting a very large ossifying fibroma in the mandible, which was successfully treated with curettage, and to conduct a brief literature review of this lesion, focusing on the histology, clinical behavior, and management of these uncommon lesions.
Strength and Durability Performance of Alkali-Activated Rice Husk Ash Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Kim Yun Yong , Lee Byung-Jae , Saraswathy Velu , Kwon Seung-Jun
Published: November 2014

This paper describes the experimental investigation carried out to develop the geopolymer concrete based on alkali-activated rice husk ash (RHA) by sodium hydroxide with sodium silicate. Effect on method of curing and concentration of NaOH on compressive strength as well as the optimum mix proportion of geopolymer mortar was investigated. It is possible to achieve compressive strengths of 31 N/mm2and 45 N/mm2, respectively for the 10 M alkali-activated geopolymer mortar after 7 and 28 days of casting when cured for 24 hours at 60°C. Results indicated that the increase in curing period and concentration of alkali activator increased the compressive strength. Durability studies were carried out in acid and sulfate media such as H2SO4, HCl, Na2SO4, and MgSO4environments and found that geopolymer concrete showed very less weight loss when compared to steam-cured mortar specimens. In addition, fluorescent optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown the formation of new peaks and enhanced the polymerization reaction which is responsible for strength development and hence RHA has great potential as a substitute for ordinary Portland cement concrete.
Expression of Phosphocitrate-Targeted Genes in Osteoarthritis Menisci
Authors: Sun Yubo , Mauerhan David R. , Steuerwald Nury M. , Ingram Jane , Kneisl Jeffrey S. , Hanley Edward N.
Published: November 2014

Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibited calcium crystal-associated osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study sought to determine PC targeted genes and the expression of select PC targeted genes in OA menisci to test hypothesis that PC exerts its disease modifying activity in part by reversing abnormal expressions of genes involved in OA. We found that PC downregulated the expression of numerous genes classified in immune response, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb receptor (FCGR3B), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B member 3 (LILRB3). In contrast, PC upregulated the expression of many genes classified in skeletal development, including collagen type II alpha1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and SRY- (sex determining region Y-) box 9 (SOX-9). Immunohistochemical examinations revealed higher levels of FCGR3B and LILRB3 and lower level of SOX-9 in OA menisci. These findings indicate that OA is a disease associated with immune system activation and decreased expression of SOX-9 gene in OA menisci. PC exerts its disease modifying activity on OA, at least in part, by targeting immune system activation and the production of extracellular matrix and selecting chondroprotective proteins.
Supernumerary Teeth in Nepalese Children
Authors: Singh Varun Pratap , Sharma Amita , Sharma Sonam
Published: November 2014

Objective. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a patient sample of Nepalese children.Study Design. A survey was performed on 2684 patients (1829 females and 1035 males) ranging in age from 6 to 14 for the presence of supernumerary teeth. For each patient with supernumerary teeth the demographic variables (age and sex), number, location, eruption status, and morphology were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results. Supernumerary teeth were detected in 46 subjects (1.6%), of which 26 were males and 20 were females with a male : female ratio of 1.3 : 1. The most commonly found supernumerary tooth was mesiodens followed by maxillary premolars, maxillary lateral incisor, and mandibular lateral incisor. Of the 55 supernumerary teeth examined, 58.18% (n=32) had conical morphology, followed by tuberculate (30.90%,n=17) and supplemental (10.90%,n=6) forms. The majority of the supernumerary teeth were erupted (56.36%,n=31).Conclusion. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in Nepalese children was found to be 1.6%, the most frequent type being mesiodens. Conical morphology was found to be the most common form of supernumerary tooth.
A Novel Method for Decoding Any High-Order Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Ye Fei , Wang Yifei
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a novel method for decoding any high-order hidden Markov model. First, the high-order hidden Markov model is transformed into an equivalent first-order hidden Markov model by Hadar’s transformation. Next, the optimal state sequence of the equivalent first-order hidden Markov model is recognized by the existing Viterbi algorithm of the first-order hidden Markov model. Finally, the optimal state sequence of the high-order hidden Markov model is inferred from the optimal state sequence of the equivalent first-order hidden Markov model. This method provides a unified algorithm framework for decoding hidden Markov models including the first-order hidden Markov model and any high-order hidden Markov model.
Localizing Brain Activity from Multiple Distinct Sources via EEG
Authors: Dassios George , Doschoris Michael , Satrazemi Konstantia
Published: November 2014

An important question arousing in the framework of electroencephalography (EEG) is the possibility to recognize, by means of a recorded surface potential, the number of activated areas in the brain. In the present paper, employing a homogeneous spherical conductor serving as an approximation of the brain, we provide a criterion which determines whether the measured surface potential is evoked by a single or multiple localized neuronal excitations. We show that the uniqueness of the inverse problem for a single dipole is closely connected with attaining certain relations connecting the measured data. Further, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions which decide whether the collected data originates from a single dipole or from numerous dipoles. In the case where the EEG data arouses from multiple parallel dipoles, an isolation of the source is, in general, not possible.
Genotoxicity Study with Special Reference to Comet Test in the Blood Cells of Workers Exposed to Sewage Water
Authors: Basu Rajlaxmi , Talapatra Soumendra Nath , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha , Roy Goswami Moumit , Ray Siddhartha Sankar , Chakrabarti Prantar , Ram Shidharth Sankar , Sudarshan Mathummal , Chakraborty Anindita , Dasgupta Anjan , Ghosh Uday Chand , Chakrabarti Sila
Published: November 2014

Awareness among sewage workers to occupational exposure is growing slowly in many developing countries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are present in sewage water and workers are exposed to these metals as a result of unprotected handling. These heavy metals exposures are responsible for DNA damage and lowering blood total iron (Fe) concentration. Zinc (Zn) is an element for promoting metallothionine expression and binds the free Cd. The total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Pb, and Cd were estimated in sewage water. The whole blood Zn and Fe concentration and Pd and Cd were also estimated. Genotoxicity as indicated by DNA damage was studied by comet assay. It was observed that there were significant differences (P<0.001) of Pb and Cd concentration in blood for the sewage workers when compared with control population. DNA damage was also observed to be significantly (P<0.001) higher in the exposed groups but their blood Fe concentration was significantly lower, which may be the reason for their tendency for retention of blood Cd and make them more susceptible. This study also indicated that aged workers had higher blood Zn concentrations as compared to the younger (working < 20 years) workers. This may indicate a possible adaptive response. The present study proposes that younger (working < 20 years) group is more susceptible as compared to aged group (working > 20 years).
Treatment of a Gastric Lactobezoar with N-Acetylcysteine
Authors: Sparks Brandon , Kesavan Anil
Published: November 2014

Lactobezoars are a rare finding with potentially serious sequelae in pediatric patients with feeding intolerance. Aggressive treatment may be preferred to traditional treatments to avoid complications in medically complex patients. In our patient, N-acetylcysteine lavage was a safe and effective alternative that resulted in rapid resolution of his feeding intolerance.
The Effect of Different Types of Walking on Dual-Task Performance and Task Prioritization among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Agmon Maayan , Kodesh Einat , Kizony Rachel
Published: November 2014

Background. The ability to safely conduct different types of walking concurrently with a cognitive task (i.e., dual task) is crucial for daily life. The contribution of different walking types to dual-task performance has not yet been determined, nor is there agreement on the strategies that older adults use to divide their attention between two tasks (task prioritization).Objectives. To compare the effect of walking in three different directions (forward, backward, and sideways) on dual-task performance and to explore the strategies of older adults to allocate their attention in response to different motor task demands.Design. A cross-sectional study.Subjects. Thirty-two (22 female) community-dwelling older adults (aged72.7±5.7years).Methods. Subjects randomly conducted single and dual task: walking to three directions separately, cognitive tasks separately, and combination of the two.Results. Walking forward was the least demanding task, during single (FW < BW, SW) (P<.001) and dual tasks (FW < BW < SW) (P<.001). The calculation of DTC revealed the same pattern (P<.001). DTC of the cognitive tasks was not significantly different among the three walking types.Conclusions. The decline mainly in the motor performance during dual task indicates that participants prioritized the cognitive task. These findings challenge the “posture first” paradigm for task prioritization.
Stability and Linear Quadratic Differential Games of Discrete‐Time Markovian Jump Linear Systems with State‐Dependent Noise
Authors: Sun Huiying , Li Meng , Ji Shenglin , Yan Long
Published: November 2014

We mainly consider the stability of discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems with state‐dependent noise as well as its linear quadratic (LQ) differential games. A necessary and sufficient condition involved with the connection between stochastic Tn‐stability of Markovian jump linear systems with state‐dependent noise and Lyapunov equation is proposed. And using the theory of stochastic Tn‐stability, we give the optimal strategies and the optimal cost values for infinite horizon LQ stochastic differential games. It is demonstrated that the solutions of infinite horizon LQ stochastic differential games are concerned with four coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations (GAREs). Finally, an iterative algorithm is presented to solve the four coupled GAREs and a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of it.
The Nonpermutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem: Adjustment and Bounding Procedures
Authors: Gharbi Anis , Labidi Mohamed , Louly Mohamed Aly
Published: November 2014

We consider the makespan minimization in a flowshop environment where the job sequence does not have to be the same for all the machines. Contrarily to the classical permutation flowshop scheduling problem, this strongly NP-hard problem received very scant attention in the literature. In this paper, some improved single-machine-based adjustment procedures are proposed, and a new two-machine-based one is introduced. Based on these adjustments, new lower and upper bounding schemes are derived. Our experimental analysis shows that the proposed procedures provide promising results.
Rescue of Primary Incomplete Microkeratome Flap with Secondary Femtosecond Laser Flap in LASIK
Authors: Razgulyaeva E. A.
Published: November 2014

For laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatments with a previous unsuccessful mechanical microkeratome-assisted surgery, some surgical protocols have been described as feasible, such as relifting of the flap or the creation of a new flap and even the change to a surface ablation procedure (photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)). This case shows the use of femtosecond technology for the creation of a secondary flap to perform LASIK in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap obtained with a mechanical microkeratome. As we were unable to characterize the interface of the first partial lamellar cut, a thick flap was planned and created using a femtosecond laser platform. As the primary cut was very thick in the nasal quadrant, a piece of loose corneal tissue appeared during flap lifting which was fitted in its position and not removed. Despite this condition and considering the regularity of the new femtosecond laser cut, the treatment was uneventful. This case report shows the relevance of a detailed corneal analysis with an advanced imaging technique before performing a secondary flap in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap. The femtosecond laser technology seems to be an excellent tool to manage such cases successfully.
Dynamical Analysis of the Lorenz-84 Atmospheric Circulation Model
Authors: Wang Hu , Yu Yongguang , Wen Guoguang
Published: November 2014

The dynamical behaviors of the Lorenz-84 atmospheric circulation model are investigated based on qualitative theory and numerical simulations. The stability and local bifurcation conditions of the Lorenz-84 atmospheric circulation model are obtained. It is also shown that when the bifurcation parameter exceeds a critical value, the Hopf bifurcation occurs in this model. Then, the conditions of the supercritical and subcritical bifurcation are derived through the normal form theory. Finally, the chaotic behavior of the model is also discussed, the bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents spectrum for the corresponding parameter are obtained, and the parameter interval ranges of limit cycle and chaotic attractor are calculated in further. Especially, a computer-assisted proof of the chaoticity of the model is presented by a topological horseshoe theory.
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Pelvic Gynecologic Cancer: The Role of Urodynamics
Authors: Aoun Fouad , Peltier Alexandre , van Velthoven Roland
Published: November 2014

The exact incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction is not known and its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Advances in urodynamic assessment and widespread availability of a standardized technique have facilitated its exploration prior to and subsequent to the surgical management of patients with gynecologic pelvic cancer. We performed a PubMed and Medline literature search using the following keywords: bladder dysfunction, urinary dysfunction, and urodynamics and all these terms in combination with radical hysterectomy in order to analyze the role of urodynamics in patients with pelvic gynecologic cancer in the preoperative as well as in the early and late postoperative settings.
PML-IRIS during Fingolimod Diagnosed after Natalizumab Discontinuation
Authors: Killestein J. , Vennegoor A. , van Golde A. E. L. , Bourez R. L. J. H. , Wijlens M. L. B. , Wattjes M. P.
Published: November 2014

Background.Natalizumab treatment is frequently discontinued and replaced by alternative medication in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients having a high risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).Case Presentation.We report a PML case that was missed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time Natalizumab treatment was discontinued. The patient subsequently developed a PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after the initiation of Fingolimod treatment, suggesting that immune reconstitution may occur even during Fingolimod induced lymphopenia.Conclusion.This report highlights the need for strict drug surveillance using MRI of Natalizumab-associated MS patients at the time of drug discontinuation and beyond. This is important with respect to pharmacovigilance purposes not only for Natalizumab, but also for alternative drugs used after Natalizumab discontinuation.
A Case of Noncompaction at All Segments of Both Right and Left Ventricles
Authors: Pourmoghaddas Ali , Zavar Reihaneh , Behjati Mohaddeseh
Published: November 2014

Background. Noncompaction/hypertrabeculation left ventricle (NCM/HVM) is most commonly reported in one or more segments of left ventricle and sometimes both ventricles. In this case, we present noncompaction of all segments of right and left ventricle, in a young man with mental retardation.Case Presentation. A 19-year-old male was referred to us with sudden dyspnea at rest and chest discomfort. He was a known case of mental retardation. He was born full term with birth weight = 1250 grams. On physical examination. A systolic murmur (II/VI) at left sternal border was heard. ECG showed increased voltage in precordial lead and deep ST segment depression. Chest X-ray (CXR) was within normal limits. Transthoracic echocardiography showed situs solitus, D loop, normal connection of great vessels, noncompaction LV at all segments (noncompaction/compaction = 2.5/0.5) with moderate systolic dysfunction (LVEF = 40%), diastolic dysfunction grade II, normal RV size with mild systolic dysfunction and hypertrabeculation, mild tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure. After injection of agitated saline some bubbles were passed from right to left through patent foramen oval (PFO).Conclusions. Extensive sinusoid formation and trabeculation of RV and nearby all LV segments and its association with mental retardation suggest presence of strong genetic background.
A Broadband and High Gain Tapered Slot Antenna for W-Band Imaging Array Applications
Authors: Woo Dong Sik , Kim Kang Wook , Choi Hyun-Chul
Published: November 2014

A broadband and high gain tapered slot antenna (TSA) by utilizing a broadband microstrip- (MS-) to-coplanar stripline (CPS) balun has been developed for millimeter-wave imaging systems and sensors. This antenna exhibits ultrawideband performance for frequency ranges from 70 to over 110 GHz with the high antenna gain, low sidelobe levels, and narrow beamwidth. The validity of this antenna as imaging arrays is also demonstrated by analyzing mutual couplings and 4-element linear array. This antenna can be applied to mm-wave phased array, imaging array for plasma diagnostics applications.
An Analytical Study of the Nonsinglet Spin Structure Functiong1NS(x,t)Up to NLO in the DGLAP Approach at Smallx
Authors: Borah Neelakshi N. K. , Choudhury D. K.
Published: November 2014

A next-to-leading order QCD calculation of nonsinglet spin structure functiong1NS(x,t)at smallxis presented using the analytical methods: Lagrange’s method and method of characteristics. The compatibility of these analytical approaches is tested by comparing the analytical solutions with the available polarized global fits.
Existence of Strong Coupled Fixed Points for Cyclic Coupled Ciric-Type Mappings
Authors: Udo-utun Xavier
Published: November 2014

In this short communication the concept of cyclic coupled Kannan-type contractions is generalized using a certain class of Ciric-type mappings.
Does a Dedicated Unit for the Treatment of Hip Fractures Improve Acute Outcomes?
Authors: Khoriati Al-achraf , Dandachli Wael , Deol Rupinderbir , de Roeck Nicholas
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study is to establish whether management of patients in a unit dedicated to the treatment of hip fractures improves acute outcomes. We prospectively studied 300 patients with hip fractures in two separate groups. Patients in Group 1 were operated on in a mixed trauma unit and recovered in a traditional trauma ward. Patients in Group 2 were operated on in dedicated theatres and recovered in a unit which catered exclusively for hip fractures. The ages, ASA grades, and type of procedure performed in the two groups were comparable. The 30-day mortality rate in Group 2 was 9% as opposed to 12% in Group 1 (P=0.34). The inpatient length of stay was significantly lower in Group 2 (18 days versus 25 days; P=0.0002) and so was the time taken to operate (28 hours versus 34 hours; P=0.04). A greater percentage of patients in Group 2 were discharged home as opposed to a nursing home (75% versus 67%). This difference approached significance (P=0.18). We conclude that prioritisation and prompt management of patients with hip fractures in a dedicated unit significantly improve time to surgery and significantly decrease length of stay.
An Improved Method of Training Overcomplete Dictionary Pair
Authors: Wang Zhuozheng , Deller John R. , Jia Kebin , Zhang Wenli
Published: November 2014

Training overcomplete dictionary pair is a critical step of the mainstream superresolution methods. For the high time complexity and susceptible to corruption characteristics of training dictionary, an improved method based on lifting wavelet transform and robust principal component analysis is reported. The high‐frequency components of example images are estimated through wavelet coefficients of 3‐tier lifting wavelet transform decomposition. Sparse coefficients are similar in multiframe images. Accordingly, the inexact augmented Lagrange multiplier method is employed to achieve robust principal component analysis in the process of imposing global constraints. Experiments reveal that the new algorithm not only reduces the time complexity preserving the clarity but also improves the robustness for the corrupted example images.
Mother-to-ChildrenPlasmodium falciparumAsymptomatic Malaria Transmission at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Douamba Zoenabo , Dao Nangnéré Ginette Laure , Zohoncon Théodora Mahoukédé , Bisseye Cyrille , Compaoré Tegwindé Rebeca , Kafando Jacques Gilbert , Sombie Bavouma Charles , Ouermi Djeneba , Djigma Florencia W. , Ouedraogo Paul , Ghilat Nadine , Pietra Virginio , Colizzi Vittorio , Simpore Jacques
Published: November 2014

Background. Malaria’s prevalence during pregnancy varies widely in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of mother-to-child malaria transmission during childbirth at St. Camille Medical Centre in the city of Ouagadougou.Methods. Two hundred and thirty-eight (238) women and their newborns were included in the study. Women consenting to participate in this study responded to a questionnaire that identified their demographic characteristics. Asymptomatic malaria infection was assessed by rapid detection test Acon (Acon Malaria Pf, San Diego, USA) and by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick and thin smears from peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Birth weights were recorded and the biological analyses of mothers and newborns’ blood were also performed.Results. The utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) were 86.6% and 84.4%, respectively. The parasitic infection rates of 9.5%, 8.9%, and 2.8% were recorded, respectively, for the peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Placental infection was strongly associated with the presence of parasites in the maternal peripheral blood and a parasite density of >1000 parasites/µL.Conclusion. The prevalence of congenital malaria was reduced but was associated with a high rate of mother-to-child malaria transmission.
Two Modified Three‐Term Type Conjugate Gradient Methods and Their Global Convergence for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Sun Zhongbo , Tian Yantao , Li Hongyang
Published: November 2014

Two modified three‐term type conjugate gradient algorithms which satisfy both the descent condition and the Dai‐Liao type conjugacy condition are presented for unconstrained optimization. The first algorithm is a modification of the Hager and Zhang type algorithm in such a way that the search direction is descent and satisfies Dai‐Liao’s type conjugacy condition. The second simple three‐term type conjugate gradient method can generate sufficient decent directions at every iteration; moreover, this property is independent of the steplength line search. Also, the algorithms could be considered as a modification of the MBFGS method, but with different zk. Under some mild conditions, the given methods are global convergence, which is independent of the Wolfe line search for general functions. The numerical experiments show that the proposed methods are very robust and efficient.
Preparative Purification of Linarin Extracts from Dendranthema indicum Flowers and Evaluation of Its Antihypertensive Effect
Authors: Qiaoshan Yin , Suhong Chen , Minxia Su , Wenjia Mi , Bo Li , Guiyuan Lv
Published: November 2014

Background. Preliminary research showed that linarin (LIN) might have a relationship with the antihypertensive effect of Dendranthema indicum flowers. However, the preparative method for LIN enriched extract from Dendranthema indicum flowers was not clear and its antihypertensive effect was not confirmed. In this study, we designed a series of experiments to develop an efficient method for purification of LIN extracts and confirm the possibility of LIN extracts to be an antihypertensive drug. Materials and Methods. HPLC‐VWD/DAD were used in the process of developing purification method. The antihypertensive effect of LIN extracts was tested by CODA Mouse & Rat Tail‐Cuff Blood Pressure System; western blot and biochemical analysis were used to investigate mechanism and toxicity. Results. The content and recovery of LIN reached 55.68 ± 2.08% and 66.65 ± 1.73%, respectively, through solid‐liquid extraction. The composition of product was stable through the analysis of fingerprint. Chronic administration of LIN extracts reduced blood pressure obviously which had a relationship with the inhibition of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in kidney and the function indexes of kidney and liver had no variations. Conclusions. The preparation method was simple, low‐cost, and stable, and it was fit for industrial application. The LIN prepared by this method had the potential to be an antihypertensive drug.
A Strategy Optimization Approach for Mission Deployment in Distributed Systems
Authors: Xiaojian Liu , Yuyu Yuan , Binxing Fang , Yi Gao
Published: November 2014

In order to increase operational efficiency, reduce delays, and/or maximize profit, almost all the organizations have split their mission into several tasks which are deployed in distributed system. However, due to distributivity, the mission is prone to be vulnerable to kinds of cyberattacks. In this paper, we propose a mission deployment scheme to optimize mission payoff in the face of different attack strategies. Using this scheme, defenders can achieve “appropriate security” and force attackers to jointly safeguard the mission situation.
Pleural Fluid Mesothelin as an Adjunct to the Diagnosis of Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Creaney Jenette , Segal Amanda , Olsen Nola , Dick Ian M. , Musk A. W(Bill) , Skates Steven J. , Robinson Bruce W.
Published: November 2014

Rationale. The diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM) by effusion cytology may be difficult and is currently controversial. Effusion mesothelin levels are increased in patients with MM but the clinical role of this test is uncertain.Objectives. To determine the clinical value of measuring mesothelin levels in pleural effusion supernatant to aid diagnosis of MM.Methods and Measurements. Pleural effusion samples were collected prospectively from 1331 consecutive patients. Mesothelin levels were determined by commercial ELISA in effusions and their relationship to concurrent pathology reporting and final clinical diagnosis was determined.Results. 2156 pleural effusion samples from 1331 individuals were analysed. The final clinical diagnosis was 183 MM, 436 non-MM malignancy, and 712 nonmalignant effusions. Effusion mesothelin had a sensitivity of 67% for MM at 95% specificity. Mesothelin was elevated in over 47% of MM cases in effusions obtained before definitive diagnosis of MM was established. In the setting of inconclusive effusion cytology, effusion mesothelin had a positive predictive value of 79% for MM and 94% for malignancy.Conclusions. A mesothelin-positive pleural effusion, irrespective of the identification of malignant cells, indicates the likely presence of malignancy and adds weight to the clinical rationale for further investigation to establish a malignant diagnosis.
IVC Filters: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Kiguchi Misaki M. , Dillavou Ellen D.
Published: November 2014

Since their introduction in 1973, inferior vena cava filters have evolved concurrent with advancing technology, and, therefore, their use has expanded due to broader indications for insertion. This paper focuses on the challenges and future directions of this trend, including a closer look at complications, retrieval rates, and cost-effectiveness.
Recurrent Falls in People with Parkinson’s Disease without Cognitive Impairment: Focusing on Modifiable Risk Factors
Authors: Almeida Lorena R. S. , Valença Guilherme T. , Negreiros Nádja N. , Pinto Elen B. , Oliveira-Filho Jamary
Published: November 2014

Falls can be considered a disabling feature in Parkinson’s disease. We aimed to identify risk factors for falling, testing simultaneously the ability of disease-specific and balance-related measures. We evaluated 171 patients, collecting demographic and clinical data, including standardized assessments with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), activities of daily living (ADL) and motor sections, modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale, Schwab and England, eight-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, Functional Reach, and Timed Up and Go. ROC curves were constructed to determine the cutoff scores for all measures. Variables withP<0.1entered a logistic regression model. The prevalence of recurrent falls was 30% (95% CI 24%–38%). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for recurrent falls were (P<0.05) levodopa equivalent dose (OR = 1.283 per 100 mg increase; 95% CI = 1.092–1.507), UPDRS-ADL > 16 points (OR = 10.0; 95% CI = 3.6–28.3), FES-I > 30 points (OR = 6.0; 95% CI = 1.6–22.6), and Berg ≤ 48 points (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.2–12.7).We encourage the utilization of these modifiable risk factors in the screening of fall risk.
Vascular Malformation and Common Keratinocytic Nevus of the Soft Type: Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis Revisited
Authors: Laureano André , Carvalho Rodrigo , Amaro Cristina , Freitas Isabel , Cardoso Jorge
Published: November 2014

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare syndrome characterized by the coexistence of a pigmented nevus and a cutaneous vascular malformation. We report a 5-year-old boy with all the typical findings of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type Ia. Although its existence according to the traditional classification has been questioned, this case represents a very rare association of a capillary vascular malformation and a common keratinocytic nevus of the soft type.