bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect Decompression Using Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Revision Surgery Following Previous Posterior Decompression: Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Between Direct and Indirect Decompression Revision Surgery
Authors: Park Sang-Jin , Hwang Jong-Moon , Cho Dae-Chul , Lee Subum , Kim Chi Heon , Han Inbo , Park Dae-Won , Kwon Heum-Dai , Kim Kyoung-Tae
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study compared the radiological and clinical outcomes with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) to evaluate the effect of indirect decompression through oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) as revision surgery.Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent single-level fusion with revision surgery at the same level as the previous decompression level. We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who underwent OLIF from 2017 to 2018 and 25 who received TLIF from 2014 to 2018. Radiologic and clinical outcomes were evaluated by cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal canal, thickness and area of ligamentum flavum (LF), subsidence, disc height, fusion rate, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: Compared with OLIF, the thickness and area of the LF after surgery were significantly less in TLIF, and the resulting CSA extension was also significantly higher. However, both groups showed improvement in ODI and VAS after surgery, and there was no difference between the groups. Complications related to the posterior approach in TLIF were 4 cases, and in OLIF, there were 2 cases that underwent additional posterior decompression surgery and 6 cases of transient paresthesia.Conclusion: Since complications associated with the posterior approach can be avoided, OLIF is a safer and useful minimally invasive surgery. Therefore, appropriate indications are applied, OLIF is a good alternative to TLIF when revision surgery is considered.
Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy and Microscopic Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation
Authors: Bae Junseok , Kim Jisang , Lee Sang-Ho , Kim Jin-Sung
Published: September 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD) and microscopic discectomy (MD) for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH).Methods: Seventy-seven patients (mean, 55.9 years; follow-up, 11.2 months) with symptomatic TDH were retrospectively reviewed (39 TETD and 38 MD). Radiological factors and perioperative outcomes were reviewed. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale were used to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using modified MacNab criteria.Results: The levels of surgery and the location of hernia were evenly distributed in the both groups. The operative time (70.6 minutes vs. 175.7 minutes), estimated blood loss (3.8 mL vs. 357.4 mL), and length of hospital stay (7.0 days vs. 13.0 days) were significantly different between the TETD and MD groups (p < 0.05). VAS scores for dorsal back pain and ODI scores were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent TETD tended to be more satisfied with the outcome in terms of the modified MacNab criteria (89.7% vs. 73.0%, p = 0.059). Two patients in the MD group underwent revision surgery, whereas one patient in the TETD group underwent MD because of incomplete decompression.Conclusion: TETD for the symptomatic TDH is a feasible and safe procedure that could be used for a wider range of surgical levels with a shorter operative time and hospital stay and less blood loss. While achieving similar outcomes, TETD achieved better patient satisfaction because of the use of local anesthesia and its minimal invasiveness.
Assessing the Learning Process of Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for Sciatica
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh Shankar , Schutte Pieter , Vreeling Arnold , Depauw Paul , Harhangi Biswadjiet S.
Published: September 2022

Objective: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is gaining popularity by both surgeons and patients as a less invasive treatment option for sciatica. Concerns, however, exist for its learning curve. No previous study has assessed the learning process of PTED. Hereby we present the learning process of 3 surgeons learning PTED.Methods: This analysis was conducted alongside a multicenter randomized controlled trial. After attending a cadaveric workshop, 3 spine-dedicated surgeons started performing PTED, initially under the supervision of a senior surgeon. After each 5 cases, and up to case 20, the learning process was evaluated using the validated questionnaires (objective structured assessment of technical skills [OSATS], global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills [GOALS]) and a 10-step checklist specifically developed for PTED.Results: In total, 3 learning curve surgeons performed a total of 161 cases. Based on self-assessment, surgeons improved mostly in the domains “time and motion,” “respect for tissue,” and “knowledge and handling of instruments.” Learning curve surgeons were more able to detect differences in performances on the OSATS than the senior surgeon. Based on the GOALS, the biggest improvements could be seen in “depth-perception” and “autonomy.” Based on the 10-item specific checklist, all surgeons performed all 10 steps by case 10, while only 1 surgeon performed all steps adequately by case 15.Conclusion: Based on these study results, PTED appears to be successfully adopted stepwise by 3 spine-dedicated surgeons. From 15 cases on, most steps are performed adequately. However, more cases might be necessary to achieve good clinical results. Validated tools are needed to determine the cutoff when a surgeon should be able to perform PTED independently.
Surgeons Learning Curve of Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for Sciatica
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Vreeling Arnold , Depauw Paul R. , Schutte Pieter J. , Harhangi Biswadjiet S. ,   on behalf of the PTED-Study Group
Published: September 2022

Objective: Full-endoscopic spine surgery is gaining interest as a less-invasive alternative to treat sciatica caused by a lumbar disc herniation. Concerns, however, exist with the learning curve as percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) appears to be more difficult to be performed compared to other techniques. In this study, the clinical outcomes during and after the learning curve are presented of 3 surgeons naïve to PTED.Methods: In the first phase of a randomized controlled, noninferiority trial comparing PTED with microdiscectomy, 3 surgeons were trained in the PTED-procedure by a senior surgeon. After performing up to 20 cases under supervision, they started performing PTED on their own. Results of the early cases were compared to the later cases (>20). Furthermore, complications and reoperations were compared. Finally, differences in clinical outcomes between surgeons were compared.Results: At 12 months of follow-up, 87% of the patients had follow-up data available. In general, there were no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes between the early and later PTED cases. Furthermore, outcomes of the early PTED cases were comparable to the outcomes of microdiscectomy, while the later PTED cases had small, but more favorable outcomes compared to microdiscectomy. Two learning curve surgeons had substantially higher rates of reoperations within 1 year, compared to the senior surgeon or the microdiscectomy group. Duration of surgery was also longer for all learning curve surgeons. Finally, when comparing clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PTED versus microdiscectomy, there appears to be some statistically significant differences in outcomes compared between the senior and 3 learning curve surgeons.Conclusion: PTED appears to be safe to be adopted by surgeons naïve to the procedure when they are initially supervised by an experienced senior surgeon. Duration of surgery and risk of repeated surgery are increased during the learning curve, but patient-reported outcomes of the early PTED cases are similar to the outcomes of later PTED cases, and similar to the outcomes of microdiscectomy cases. This study underlines the need for an experienced mentor for surgeons to safely adopt PTED.
Analysis of Disaster Characteristics and Measurement of Disaster Resilience in Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jin Hye Rin , Kim Dong Wook , Beak Jeong Mi
Published: September 2022

Recently, in the paradigm of disaster management, resilience is being discussed as the ability to minimize negative impacts from disasters and return to the original state after disasters. Accordingly, the core goal of the disaster management policy is also changing to minimize damage from disasters and to build a society with maximum recovery capacity based on the concept of resilience. In addition, there are various discussions about how to quantify resilience. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of disasters in Korea and measure the disaster resilience cost index using the disaster resilience cost and exposure factors. Quantification of resilience is possible with the concept of resilience cost, which can be expressed as the sum of system impact and total recovery effort. In this study, the resilience cost index is measured for each province, and based on the measured resilience cost and resilience characteristics, a disaster response system suitable for the characteristics of the region is prepared.
Improving the Safety of Rural Communities: Safety Insurance Acts for Farmers and Fishers and Prevention of Work Accidents
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Yoo Woong Cheon , Lee Jae Eun
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Act on Safety Insurance for Farmers and Fishers and Prevention of Work Accidents related to the agricultural production crisis and suggest some ways to improve safety insurance for farmers based on the act. The Safety insurance for farmers and its related law have various problems. First, due to the nature of policy insurance entrusted to the private sector, reverse selection and moral hazard problems occurred due to information asymmetry, and the difference in the real burden ratio of policy-holders depending on the subscription area caused regional equity problems. Second, the law stipulates causeism, but it is operated as enumerationism through the enforcement ordinance of the law and insurance terms and conditions. Third, there is no independent council on safety insurance for farmers, and there was also a lack of organization and interest in safety insurance for farmers within the Nonghyup. This study suggests three improvement ways. First, strengthening safety insurance for farmers as social security-type policy insurance. Second, promoting the integration of the Act on Safety Insurance for Farmers and Fishers and Prevention of Work Accidents and Agricultural and Fishery Insurance Act while separating agricultural and fishery parts. Third, establishing a comprehensive safety institution in the agricultural sector.
Desplazamiento interno forzado en México por violencia e inseguridad en regiones mineras
Authors: Muñoz Kelly G. , Llano Manuel , Ruiz Naxhelli
Published: September 2022

El desplazamiento interno forzado es un fenómeno que se deriva de condiciones de violencia intensa, a partir de diferentes hechos circunstanciales victimizantes, que tiene como consecuencia una movilidad en el territorio de grupos sociales en condiciones de extrema vulnerabilidad. Este artículo es un estudio descriptivo exploratorio de la relación entre desplazamiento forzado y la presencia de las explotaciones mineras metálicas en diferentes regiones del país, en las fases de exploración, producción, desarrollo, postergación o cierre. El estudio aborda el desplazamiento a través de un proxy, compuesto por la emigración a nivel municipal asociada con altas tasas de incidencia de delitos de alto impacto. Muestra los valores de correlación de ambos aspectos a través de una regionalización del país, con la finalidad de observar de manera significativa la presencia y distribución espacial de ambos fenómenos. Describe las particularidades que existen en cada una de estas regiones a nivel nacional, de acuerdo al tipo de la actividad minera y de los perfiles de violencia que se presentan en éstas.

En este trabajo se abordan los problemas metodológicos asociados a la identificación y asociación espacial de estos fenómenos, a partir de la información disponible en diversas fuentes estadísticas, así como bases de datos oficiales y de la sociedad civil. El uso de estas fuentes permite explorar los retos relacionados con el estudio y visualización del desplazamiento interno forzado, que pueden servir de insumo para la aplicación de marcos normativos y de atención para la prevención de este fenómeno.
A utilização da tecnologia no desenvolvimento das habilidades artísticas inerentes ao ator-cantor-bailarino no Teatro Musical em tempos de isolamento social
Authors: Mundim Tiago Elias
Published: September 2022

A partir da relação do uso da tecnologia com o treinamento do ator-cantor-bailarino de teatro musical, o presente trabalho se propõe a gerar reflexões a respeito da utilização desses aparatos tecnológicos no desenvolvimento das habilidades artísticas desses profissionais e do quanto este uso tem influenciado as relações de ensino e aprendizagem na contemporaneidade, especialmente ampliado em decorrência do isolamento social provocado pela pandemia do vírus covid-19. Será realizada uma correlação tanto da área da educação a partir das reflexões de Pierre Lévy, quanto da área do teatro no que diz respeito ao uso das tecnologias, partindo do pensamento de Hans-Thies Lehmann e contextualizando com outras áreas da arte e da educação contemporâneas a esses intérpretes. O recorte da pesquisa será a partir de observação do uso desses aparatos tecnológicos nos treinamentos de performers no Brasil, mais especificamente dos atores-cantores-bailarinos de Brasília, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro que aprimoram o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades de interpretação, canto e dança voltadas para a vertente do teatro musical nacional.
Intervensi Pekerjaan Sosial: Efektivitas Pemberdayaan disabilitas Tuli melalui Program Kewirausahaan
Authors: Fani Ayu Lestari  , Muhtadi Muhtadi
Published: September 2022

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Gertakin Institute's Intervention in empowering deaf disabilities through the entrepreneurial movement. This study is part of the program evaluation that has been carried out by Gertakin to encourage self-reliance in entrepreneurship. This study uses qualitative methods through observation and interview techniques. The subject of the informant in the study was a Deaf Disability who became a member and participated in the entrepreneurship program implemented by GERKATIN. The results of the study indicate that there are 3 important aspects in the effort to empower deaf people to encourage independence. Deaf people have the ability to make adjustments, have good quality work/products, and have job satisfaction because of the ability to self-actualize for entrepreneurship. This finding illustrates that opportunities, intervention efforts and empowerment of deaf persons are important in order to provide space for actualization so that social functioning and independence of deaf disabilities can be well maintained.
Keywords: Social Work Intervention, deaf disability empowerment, social entrepreneurship
 
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan tentang efektivitas Intervensi Lembaga Gertakin dalam melalukukan upaya pemberdayaan terhadap disabilitas tuli melalui gerakan kewirausahaan. Kajian ini bagian dari evaluasi program yang telah dilakukan Gertakin untuk mendorong kemandirian dalam berwirausaha.. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara. Subjek informan dalam penelitian adalah Disabilitas Tuli yang menjadi anggota dan mengikuti program kewirausahaan yang dilaksanakan oleh GERKATIN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat 3 aspek penting dalam upaya memberdayakan kaum disabilitas tuli untuk mendorong kemandirian. Para disabilitas tuli memiliki kemampuan dalam melakukan upaya penyesuaian diri, memiliki kualitas kerja/produk yang baik, dan memiliki kepuasan kerja karena kemampuan mengaktualisasi diri untuk berwirausaha. Temuan ini memberikan gambaran bahwa bahwa kesempatan, upaya intervensi dan pemberdayaan terhadap para disabilitas tuli penting dalam rangka memberikan ruang aktualisasi, sehingga keberfungsian sosial dan kemandirian disabilitas tuli bisa terjaga dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: Intervensi Pekerjaan Sosial, pemberdayaan disabilitas tuli, kewirausahaan sosial
В ловушке двойной иррелевантности: (вос)производство этничности во взаимодействиях между переписчиками и переписываемыми в ходе всероссийской переписи 2021 г. в Дагестане
Authors: Варшавер Евгений Александрович
Published: September 2022

В статье приводятся результаты антропологического исследования Всероссийской переписи населения 2021 г. в Дагестане, фокусом которого было (вос)производство этничности в ходе взаимодействий между переписчиками и переписываемыми. Основной метод исследования — наблюдение, кроме того, были проинтервьюированы участники переписи. Указанные взаимодействия исследованы в 73 домохозяйствах в пяти локациях в радиусе 100 километров от Махачкалы.
Согласно результатам исследования, смысл переписи не был понятен большинству ее участников, в результате чего конкретные переписные процедуры различались от локации к локации, в том числе существенно расходясь с инструкциями, а значительная часть информации вносилась в переписные листы согласно фоновому знанию переписчиков о локации. В этом контексте заполнялись и «этнические» вопросы. Переписчиков раздражали «одинаковые», на их взгляд, вопросы: о языке владения помимо русского, о родном языке и о национальности. Для них такие подробности контрастировали с неважностью темы этничности. Значительная часть ответов на эти вопросы заполнялась исходя из фонового знания или на основании одного вопроса про домохозяйство. Вносимая информация, однако, подчинялась четкому классификаторному правилу: национальность передается исключительно по отцу, а родной язык — это язык национальности вне зависимости от фактического его знания. Импликации этих результатов для современных конструктивистских теорий этничности приводятся в разделе «Дискуссия».
Благодарность. Статья написана на основании научно-исследовательской работы в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС на 2022 г.
Results of surgical treatment of the thoracic spinal nerve tumors: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Vasilyev I. A. , Shirokikh I. V. , Eliseenko I. A. , Shershever A. S. , Stupak V. V.
Published: September 2022

Objective. To analyze clinical and morphological features of neurogenic hourglass tumors in the thoracic spine and their impact on outcomes of treatment through posterior surgical approaches.

Material and Methods. The results of surgical treatment of 295 patients with tumors growing from the nerve roots of the thoracic spinal cord were studied. In 63 (21 %) of them, tumors of the spinal nerves were diagnosed. The vast majority of neoplasms were represented by Grade 1 neuromas – in 57 (90 %) patients, Grade 1 neurofibromas were found in 3 (5 %) patients, and High-grade malignant tumors – in 3 (5 %). Intracanal neoplasms were found in 42 (66.7 %) cases and intraextravertebral (hourglass) – in 21 (33.3 %).

Results. Microsurgical removal of tumor was performed using two types of low-traumatic surgical approaches: 1) posterior median approach – in 56 (89.0 %) cases, of which hemilaminectomy was performed in 36 (64.4%) cases, interlaminectomy – in 15 (26.8 %) cases, and laminectomy – in 5 (8.1 %) cases; 2) paravertebral approach – in 7 (11.0 %) out of 63 cases with partial facetotomy or facetectomy and resection of part of the head and upper or lower edge of the rib at the same level. Tumors were removed totally in 56 (88.9 %) patients and subtotally – in 7 (11.1%). Intracanal tumors were removed totally in 40 (95.2 %) patients. A similar totality was achieved in removal of 16 (76.2 %) of hourglass neurinomas. Surgical interventions performed in the early postoperative period improved the functional state of  patients: the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) index increased from 70–80 to 90 %, the VAS pain score decreased from 5–6 to 2 points. Good clinical outcomes were achieved in 42 (66.7 %) patients, satisfactory – in 17 (27.0 %), and unsatisfactory – in 6 (6.3 %). Twenty nine patients had symptoms of myelopathy, complete regression of which occurred in 3 (10.3 %) cases, partial – in 9 (34.6 %), in 13 (50.0 %) cases they remained at the preoperative level, and in 4 (15.4 %) – worsened.

Conclusion. The use of modern neurointroscopy, microsurgical techniques and low-traumatic posterior surgical approaches for resection of tumors of the spinal nerve roots in the thoracic spine provides good clinical outcomes of treatment in the early postoperative period. The existing hourglass tumor in the thoracic spine reduces the likelihood of its total removal when performing a low-traumatic posterior approach.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Atas Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Wijaya Hendra , Santoso Budi , Azhar Muhamad
Published: September 2022

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify juridical arrangements regarding the crime of environmental pollution in Indonesia and to specifically examine the responsibility for environmental pollution crime according to Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. By using normative legal research methods, it can be concluded, that: 1. How environmental pollution is carried out by Corporations, 2. In terms of criminal liability for environmental pollution, the parties that can be accounted for are not only individuals, but also corporation such as for example a business entity. This is confirmed in Articles 116-118 of Law No. 32 of 2009.  Keywords : environment; responsibility; corporation; pollution AbstrakTujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi mengenai pengaturan yuridis mengenai tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan di Indonesia dan untuk secara spesifik mengkaji mengenai pertanggungjawaban atas tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan menurut Undang-undang No 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, maka dapat disimpulkan, bahwa : 1. Bagaimana terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh Korporasi, 2. Dalam hal pertanggungjawaban pidana tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup, pihak-pihak yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan tidak hanya orang perorangan, tetapi juga korporasi seperti contohnya suatu badan usaha. Hal ini dipertegas dalam Pasal 116-118 Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009.  Kata kunci : lingkungan hidup; pertanggungjawaban; korporasi; pencemaran
Wanprestasi Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Kios (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG)
Authors: Mahfuzh Alyani , Roisah Kholis , Paramita Prabandari Adya Paramita
Published: September 2022

Default is a situation when someone do not fulfil their obligation to the agreement or break the promise by accident or negligence. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the form of the default in the case registered in Kupang District Court with the verdict Number 18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG and legal consequences for the party who have defaulted of the agreement. This research is using normative approach with descriptive-analytical specification. The results of this research have showed the conclusion: 1) The forms of the default in this case is the defendant has done the agreement but not as promised; 2) The legal consequences for the party that defaulted are to pay the amount left of kiosk purchase Rp 80.500.000,- (eighty million five hundred thousand rupiah) and paid a court fee of Rp. 571.000, (five hundred and seventy one thousand rupiah).Keywords: agreement; default; lawAbstrakWanprestasi merupakan suatu keadaan di mana seseorang tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya atau ingkar janji yang disebabkan karena kesengajaan ataupun lalai. Tujuan dalam penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis wanprestasi dalam kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG dan akibat hukum bagi pihak yang telah melakukan wanprestasi (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan normatif (penelitian normatif) dengan spesifikasinya yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa: 1) Bentuk wanprestasi dalam kasus ini yaitu Tergugat melaksanakan perjanjian tetapi tidak sebagaimana yang diperjanjikan; 2) Akibat hukum bagi pihak yang telah wanprestasi yaitu membayar sisa uang pembelian kios sebesar Rp.80.500.000,- (delapan puluh juta lima ratus ribu rupiah) dan membayar biaya perkara sebesar Rp. 571.000,- (lima ratus tujuh puluh satu ribu rupiah).Kata kunci: perjanjian; wanprestasi; hukum
Asas Keseimbangan Sebagai Indikator Keadilan di Dalam Perjanjian Baku
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Tommy , Busro Achmad , Prasetyo Mujiono Hafidh
Published: September 2022

Everyone has the freedom to enter into any agreement provided that it does not conflict with applicable laws, morality and public order. Franchisee candidates are given the freedom to choose to accept or reject the agreement (take it or leave it) by not participating in determining its contents. This article discusses the issue of the benchmarks of fairness in the franchise agreement between the franchisor and the franchisee and the legal consequences of injustice that occurs in the agreement. The method used is normative juridical. The results of the study found that the agreement was legal according to law, as for the contents of the contract which were considered unfair by some parties, this did not cause the cancellation of the contract application. The parties who have agreed and agreed to the contract (take it) and also signed the contract so that they must bear the legal consequences that arise, except when an element of fraud and oversight is found, then the other party gets a wrong or wrong understanding of the contract, both parties should have good intentions to solve the problem.Keywords: Standard Agreement; Franchisee; JusticeAbstrakSetiap orang memiliki kebebasan untuk mengadakan segala perjanjian dengan ketentuan tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang yang berlaku, kesusilaan dan ketertiban umum. Calon Franchisee diberikan kebebasan untuk memilih menerima atau menolak perjanjian tersebut dengan tidak ikut serta menentukan isinya. Artikel ini membahas persoalan tentang tolok ukur keadilan di dalam perjanjian franchise antara franchisor dan franchisee serta akibat hukum atas ketidakdilan yang terjadi dalam perjanjian tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perjanjian tersebut sah menurut hukum, adapun terkait isi kontrak yang dinilai tidak adil oleh sebagian pihak, hal tersebut tidak menyebabkan dibatalkannya permohonan kontrak. Para pihak yang telah sepakat dan menyetujui kontrak (take it) serta ikut bertandatangan sehingga harus menanggung konsekuensi hukum yang ditimbulkan, kecuali ketika ditemukan adanya unsur penipuan dan kekhilafan, maka pihak lain mendapat pemahaman yang keliru atau salah tentang kontrak seharusnya kedua belah beri’tikad baik guna menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut.Kata kunci : Perjanjian Baku; Franchisee; Keadilan
Peran PPAT Terhadap Aspek Perpajakan Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Tanah Dan Bangunan
Authors: Maghribi Muhamad Fadli , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: September 2022

Taxes defined by significant source of state income in economic development, one of which is land and building taxes. Land Deed Making Official is public official who is given the authority to make authentic deeds regarding certain legal actions regarding land rights or ownership rights over apartment units. In certain legal acts whose deeds are made by the PPAT, there are conditions, one of which is that the PBB of the last year has been paid. This provision has major effect in increasing orderly tax payments. Based on these things, the problems in this study are: What is the role of the Land Deed Making Official (PPAT) in taxation aspect in the sale and purchase of land and buildings. The purpose of this research is to determine how the role of PPAT in collecting tax aspects in buying and selling land and buildings. The methods in this research is normative juridical approach with statutory approach and conceptual approach. The research are reesulting; The role of PPAT in tax collection is very large for the state in order to increase the source of state revenue which is not the main authority of a PPAT itself.Keywords: Tax; Land and building tax; Land deed making official. AbstrakPajak didefinisikan sebagai sumber pemasukan negara yang cukup penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi, salah satunya adalah Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan . Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah adalah pejabat umum yang diberikan kewenangan untuk membuat akta otentik mengenai perbuatan hukum tertentu mengenai hak atas tanah atau hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Di dalam perbuatan hukum tertentu yang aktanya dibuat oleh PPAT terdapat syarat salah satunya bahwa PBB tahun terakhir sudah lunas. Ketentuan tersebut berpengaruh besar dalam meningkatkan tertib bayar pajak. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut maka permasalahan yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah : Bagaimana peran dari Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam aspek perpajakan dalam transaksi jual beli tanah dan bangunan. Tujuan penulisan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran dari PPAT dalam pemungutan aspek perpajakan dalam transaksi jual beli tanah dan bangunan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Penelitian ini menghasilkan; Peran PPAT dalam pemungutan pajak sangatlah besar kepada negara dalam rangka meningkatkan sumber penerimaan negara yang sebenarnya bukan merupakan kewenangan seorang PPAT itu sendiri.Kata kunci: Pajak; PBB; PPAT.
Urgensi Hukum Akta Notaris Terhadap Keabsahan Pendirian Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ulyanisa Arika , Roisah Kholis
Published: September 2022

Education plays very important role in life whether nation or state. Education aims to educate nation’s life and give influence to children growth. This research aims to determine Notary’s role in establisment Informal Early Childhood School. This research’s method uses normative legal research. The result of this research shows that The Early Childhood Education unit is part of the foundation and in establishing a foundation, a Notary Deed is required. Therefore the Notary Deed can be a perfect evidence if there will be a dispute because it has physical, formal and material evidentiary power, if the notary deed is made according to applicable provisions, then the deed will bind the parties as an authentic deed and include court who must receive a notary deed as perfect evidence.Keywords: Authentic Deed; Notarial Deed; Non Formal EducationAbstrakPendidikan berperan penting dalam pembangunan dan kehidupan berbangsa bernegara. Tujuan pendidikan ialah untuk mencerdaskan anak-anak Indonesia dan menuntun anak Indonesia memiliki karakter yang baik dan tumbuh kembangnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang menggabungkan ilmu ekonomi dalam dunia pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah guna mengetahui peran notaris dalam pendirian satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia merupakan bagian dari yayasan dan dalam pendirian sebuah yayasan tersebut dibutuhkan adanya Akta Notaris. Oleh sebab itu Akta Notaris dapat menjadi alat bukti yang sempurna jika nantinya terdapat sengketa. Hal ini dikarenakan Akta Notaris memiliki kekuatan pembuktian lahiriah, formal maupun materiil, apabila akta notaris tersebut dibuat secara sah menurut ketentuan yang berlaku. Akta Notaris yang sah akan menimbulkan akibat hukum dan mengikat para pihak terkait sebagai sebuah akta otentik. Oleh karena itu di dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan, hakim harus menerima akta notaris sebagai alat bukti yang sempurna.Kata Kunci : Akta Autentik; Akta Notaris; Pendidikan Non Formal
Consumer Trust in B2C Ecommerce Strategy for Contemporary Business Transaction is Paramount for Sustaining the Emerging Commerce Market. Indicate the Similarities and Differences Between Traditional and Ecommerce Markets and Provide the Conduct of Consumer Trust Across Cultures, Globally
Authors: Kwadade-Cudjoe Francis
Published: September 2022

E-Commerce has been going on since Netscape.com introduced the idea in 1995 when www was invented. Businesses / consumers that have been immersed in e-commerce transaction have reaped the benefits associated with such technological break-through, as consumers sit at comfort of their homes to transact business. However, the impediment that has hindered other businesses / consumers to transform to this technological business approach has been the trust associated with carrying out business; consumer trust across global cultures has been contentious. Authors, including Hofstede, Gefen et al. and Greenberg et al. have done research on culture differences across the globe and how these differences could affect behaviours towards accepting e-commerce for transacting business. There is therefore, the need for a global digital guideline / policy to protect all consumers and businesses that trade on the internet. Such a policy would hopefully allay the fears amongst nations’ cultures having difficulty in imbibing this wholesome technological advancement for enhanced business transaction. Conducting business transaction through brick-and-mortar approach is archaic and cumbersome and should be faded out completely.
Przepisy o odpowiednim stosowaniu przepisów
Authors: Patryas Wojciech
Published: September 2022

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie obecności przepisów o odpowiednim stosowaniu przepisów w aktach prawodawczych. Bazuję na – wysuniętej wiele lat temu przez Józefa Nowackiego – tezie, że jeśli są dwa zasadniczo podobne do siebie przepisy, to jeden z nich może być zastąpiony przepisem o odpowiednim stosowaniu drugiego. Od przepisu o odpowiednim stosowaniu przepisu trzeba odróżnić przepis o stosowaniu przepisu. O ile bowiem pierwszy jest efektem kondensowania przepisów, o tyle drugi stanowi rezultat rozczłonkowywania przepisu. Jednakże pod wieloma względami oba te rodzaje przepisów są wzajem podobne.
Jak zmniejszyć asymetrię informacji na rynku crowdfundingu udziałowego w Polsce?
Authors: Trzebiński Artur A.
Published: September 2022

Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w artykule jest rynek crowdfundingu udziałowego w Polsce, w szczególności sposoby i zakres komunikowania o przeprowadzanych emisjach. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie i ocena działań podjętych przez uczestników polskiego rynku crowdfundingu, które mają zmniejszać asymetrię informacji. Uwaga została skupiona przede wszystkim na rozwiązaniach zawartych w unijnym rozporządzeniu Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2020/1503 w sprawie europejskich dostawców usług finansowania społecznościowego dla przedsięwzięć, którego implementacja do krajowego porządku prawnego ma być przeprowadzona do listopada 2022 r. W badaniu sprawdzono, jakie efekty przynoszą działania podjęte przez ustawodawcę, platformy crowdfundingowe, Komisję Nadzoru Finansowego i Związek Przedsiębiorstw Finansowych w Polsce w zakresie zmniejszenia nierównowagi informacyjnej. W tym celu wykorzystano analizę aktów prawnych i analizę przyczynowo-skutkową. Wyniki badań wskazują, że podejmowane działania przez różne podmioty, które mają wpływ na krajowy rynek crowdfundingu udziałowego, powodują zmniejszanie asymetrii informacji. Jest to istotne ze względu na to, że wzrasta wartość i liczba przeprowadzanych emisji oraz rośnie liczba zaangażowanych w kampanie crowdfundingowe inwestorów.
Timing of form-focused instruction: Effects on EFL learners’ grammar learning
Authors: Xu Jinfen , Li Changying
Published: September 2022

This study investigates how different form-focused instruction (FFI) timing impacts English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ grammar development. A total of 169 Chinese middle school learners were assigned to four conditions randomly: control, before-isolated FFI, integrated FFI, and after-isolated FFI. The three experimental groups received treatments which combined form and meaning with the English passive voice as the teaching target, but learners’ attention was drawn to the passive voice with different timing. The before-isolated and after-isolated groups received the treatment before and after communicative activities, respectively. For the integrated FFI group, intervention occurred during communicative activities. A picture writing test and a written error correction test were employed to measure students’ performance. The results indicated that the three experimental groups manifested significant improvement. Before-isolated FFI produced the best immediate and delayed effects, and integrated FFI produced better immediate effect than after-isolated FFI, while after-isolated FFI produced better delayed effect than integrated FFI. The findings indicated that pedagogical sequences in FFI are important, and teachers might need to guide adolescent learners to focus on form explicitly before communicative activities.
Frost
Authors: Graf Martin , Laskowski Lukas , Papsdorf Florian , Sold Florian , Gremmelspacher Roland , Naumann Felix , Panse Fabian
Published: September 2022

"Bad" data has a direct impact on 88% of companies, with the average company losing 12% of its revenue due to it. Duplicates - multiple but different representations of the same real-world entities - are among the main reasons for poor data quality, so finding and configuring the right deduplication solution is essential. Existing data matching benchmarks focus on the quality of matching results and neglect other important factors, such as business requirements. Additionally, they often do not support the exploration of data matching results.

To address this gap between the mere counting of record pairs vs. a comprehensive means to evaluate data matching solutions, we present the Frost platform. It combines existing benchmarks, established quality metrics, cost and effort metrics, and exploration techniques, making it the first platform to allow systematic exploration to understand matching results. Frost is implemented and published in the open-source application Snowman, which includes the visual exploration of matching results, as shown in Figure 1.
Automated relational data explanation using external semantic knowledge
Authors: Galhotra Sainyam , Khurana Udayan
Published: September 2022

In data science problems, understanding the data is a crucial first step. However, it can be challenging and time intensive for a data scientist who is not an expert in that domain. Several downstream tasks such as feature engineering and data curation depend on the understanding of data semantics. In this demonstration, we present,
ADE (Automated Data Explanation)
, a novel system that uses
maximum likelihood estimation approach
through ensembles for automatically labeling and explaining relational data by taking advantage of openly available semantic knowledge bases, webtables and Wikipedia. It helps a user to understand concepts of various columns and their relationships, an abstract summary about the overall data, and additional context not present in the data. It reduces the need for cumbersome search queries or expert consultation and can also receive inputs or corrections from a user, making it a mixed-initiative automation system.
Hu-fu
Authors: Pan Xuchen , Tong Yongxin , Xue Chunbo , Zhou Zimu , Du Junping , Zeng Yuxiang , Shi Yexuan , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Lei , Xu Yi , Xu Ke , Lv Weifeng
Published: September 2022

The increasing concerns on data security limit the sharing of data distributedly stored at multiple data owners and impede the scale of spatial queries over big urban data. In response, data federation systems have emerged to perform secure queries across multiple data owners leveraging secure multi-party computation. However, existing systems are designed for relational data. They are highly inefficient on spatial queries and limited in usability. In this demonstration, we introduce Hu-Fu, the first data federation system for secure spatial queries with high efficiency and usability. Hu-Fu is designed from the perspectives of the query user and the data owner for high usability and decomposes a spatial query into as many plaintext operators and as few secure operators as possible for high efficiency. We demonstrate the deployment and usage of Hu-Fu via cross-company taxi-calling, a popular smart city application.
PHOcus
Authors: Davidson Susan B. , Gershtein Shay , Milo Tova , Novgorodov Slava , Shoshan May
Published: September 2022

Our ability to collect data is rapidly outstripping our ability to effectively store and use it. Organizations are therefore facing tough decisions of what data to archive (or dispose of) to effectively meet their business goals. PHOcus addresses this problem in the context of image data (photos) by proposing which photos to archive to meet an online storage budget. The decision is based on factors such as usage patterns and their relative importance, the quality and size of a photo, the relevance of a photo for a usage pattern, the similarity between different photos, as well as policy requirements of what photos must be retained. We formalize the photo archival problem and give an efficient algorithm with an optimal approximation guarantee. We then demonstrate our system, PHOcus, on an e-commerce application as well as with personal photos on a smartphone, and discuss how many of the inputs to the problem can be automatically obtained.
Power-sharing between the Cree and Québec governments in Eeyou Itschee (Québec, Canada): sovereignties, complexity, and equity under the Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix des Braves
Authors: Cyr F.-X. , Wyatt S. , Hébert M.
Published: September 2022

The Adapted Forestry Regime (AFR) of the Paix des Braves agreement is an important stepping-stone in the long process of involving Indigenous Peoples in state management of forestlands in Canada. This paper explores the challenges raised by a process involving the Cree nation
and the Québec provincial government in the implementation of a collaborative approach to forest management on Cree traditional lands. We present three key processes that have contributed to the AFR since 2002, each of which led to further agreements, committees and processes. While
the Crees have obtained additional powers for forestland management through the AFR, our analysis reveals the complexity of these processes that must deal with both political and technical issues that are often closely intricated one with the other. Ultimately, it is the Crees who bear the
heaviest burden of the compromises that must be made implementing this collaborative process.
Syntactic variation and Pan-Hispanic awareness in teachers of Spanish as a second language
Authors: Borrego Nieto Julio , Recio Diego Álvaro , Tomé Cornejo Carmela
Published: September 2022

The increasing view of Spanish as a pluricentric language has raised awareness of its linguistic diversity also in the grammatical domain. The concept of Pan-Hispanism—the recognition that varieties different from Castilian Spanish can be acceptable as Standard Spanish—has been publicly implemented by the prescriptivist institutions. The goal of this article is to analyze the influence of Pan-Hispanism and awareness of syntactic variation in teachers of Spanish as a second language. To do so, we surveyed 264 native and non-native teachers of Spanish across the world through an online questionnaire where they had to (a) implicitly judge sequences which reflected grammatical phenomena of different diatopic varieties of Spanish, and (b) explicitly indicate which variety they used in their classes. The results show that, despite the advances and institutional efforts towards pluricentrism, awareness of Pan-Hispanism in grammar is still very low among teachers of Spanish, since most tend to reject grammatical uses that are alien to their own variety. The prevalence of the prestige of Castilian Spanish is linked to a still dominant Eurocentrism in the teaching of Spanish as a second language, thus showing the need for adopting a more tolerant and inclusive view of Spanish linguistic diversity.
The mood system of Myanmar
Authors: Win Lai Yee , Geng Fang
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of this article is to present themoodsystem of Myanmar within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Themoodsystem of Myanmar is composed of two simultaneous systems:mood typeandmood force. The former focuses on describing the methods of exchange including declarative, interrogative, and imperative, while the latter focuses on the “language force” embedded in the exchange. In this study, certain structures for Mood realization and Mood particles used by Myanmar speakers are presented for each type and subtype of themood typeandmood forcesystems of Myanmar. The findings show the interpersonal metafunction of Myanmar language makes an important contribution to further contrastive studies between themoodsystems and their realizations of Myanmar and those of foreign languages.
Ultrasmall SnS2 quantum dot−based photodetectors with high responsivity and detectivity
Authors: Ren Yi , An Hua , Zhang Weiguan , Wei Songrui , Xing Chenyang , Peng Zhengchun
Published: September 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) often exhibit unique behaviors because the reduction in lateral size leads to stronger quantum confinement effects and a higher surface-to-volume ratio in comparison with larger two-dimensional nanosheets. However, the preparation of homogeneous QDs remains a longstanding challenge. This work reports the preparation of high-yield and ultrasmall tin disulfide (SnS2) QDs by combining top–down and bottom–up approaches. The as-prepared SnS2 QDs have a uniform lateral size of 3.17 ± 0.62 nm and a thicknesses 2.39 ± 0.88 nm. A series of self-powered photoelectrochemical-type photodetectors (PDs) utilizing the SnS2 QDs as photoelectrodes are also constructed. Taking advantage of the tunable bandgaps and high carrier mobility of the SnS2, our PDs achieve a high photocurrent density of 16.38 μA cm−2 and a photoresponsivity of 0.86 mA W−1, and good long-term cycling stability. More importantly, the device can display obvious photoresponse, even at zero bias voltage (max), and greater weak-light sensitivity than previously reported SnS2-based PDs. Density functional theory calculation and optical absorption were employed to reveal the working mechanism of the SnS2 QDs-based PDs. This study highlights the prospective applications of ultrasmall SnS2 QDs and provides a new route towards future design of QDs-based optoelectronic devices.