bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot Planning in the Real World: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Alterovitz Ron , Koenig Sven , Likhachev Maxim
Published: July 2017

Recent years have seen significant technical progress on robot planning, enabling robots to compute actions and motions to accomplish challenging tasks involving driving, flying, walking, or manipulating objects. However, robots that have been commercially deployed in the real world typically have no or minimal planning capability. These robots are often manually programmed, teleoperated, or programmed to follow simple rules. Although these robots are highly successful in their respective niches, a lack of planning capabilities limits the range of tasks for which currently deployed robots can be used. In this article, we highlight key conclusions from a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation in October 2013 that summarize opportunities and key challenges in robot planning and include challenge problems identified in the workshop that can help guide future research toward making robot planning more deployable in the real world.
Answer Sets and the Language of Answer Set Programming
Authors: Lifschitz Vladimir
Published: July 2017

Answer set programming is a declarative programming paradigm based on the answer set semantics of logic programs. This introductory article provides the mathematical background for the discussion of answer set programming in other contributions to this special issue.
The Answer Set Programming Paradigm
Authors: Janhunen Tomi , Niemelä Ilkka
Published: July 2017

In this article, we give an overview of the answer set programming paradigm, explain its strengths, and illustrate its main features in terms of examples and an application problem.
Grounding and Solving in Answer Set Programming
Authors: Kaufmann Benjamin , Leone Nicola , Perri Simona , Schaub Torsten
Published: July 2017

Answer set programming is a declarative problem‐solving paradigm that rests upon a work flow involving modeling, grounding, and solving. While the former is described by Gebser and Schaub (2016), we focus here on key issues in grounding, or how to systematically replace object variables by ground terms in an effective way, and solving, or how to compute the answer sets, of a propositional logic program obtained by grounding.
Developing Decision Aids to Enable Human Spaceflight Autonomy
Authors: Frank Jeremy D. , McGuire Kerry , Moses Haifa R. , Stephenson Jerri
Published: July 2017

As NASA explores destinations beyond the moon, the distance between Earth and spacecraft will increase communication delays between astronauts and the Mission Control Center (MCC). Today, astronauts coordinate with MCC to request assistance and await approval to perform tasks. Many of these coordination tasks require multiple exchanges of information, (for example, taking turns). In the presence of long communication delays, the length of time between turns may lead to inefficiency or increased mission risk. Future astronauts will need software‐based decision aids to enable them to work autonomously from the Mission Control Center. These tools require the appropriate combination of mission operations functions, for example, automated planning and fault management, troubleshooting recommendations, easy‐to‐access information, and just‐in‐time training. Ensuring that these elements are properly designed and integrated requires an integrated human factors approach. This article describes a recent demonstration of autonomous mission operations using a novel software‐based decision aid on board the International Space Station. We describe how this new technology changes the way astronauts coordinate with MCC, and how the lessons learned from these early demonstrations will enable the operational autonomy needed to ensure astronauts can safely journey to Mars, and beyond.
Turn‐Taking, Children, and the Unpredictability of Fun
Authors: Lehman Jill Fain , Leite Iolanda
Published: July 2017

When the goal is entertainment, designing language‐based interactions between characters and small groups of young children is a balancing act. On the one hand, an autonomous character should support the freedom of expression and natural behaviors of children having fun. On the other hand, an autonomous character is only capable of supporting the activity it's designed for and the behavior it anticipates. In the last five years we have watched this tension between freedom and constraint play out in hundreds of small groups in a variety of activities. Using two of the activities as examples, we chart the ups and downs of turn‐taking and other language behaviors along the Fun Curve.
PAWS — A Deployed Game‐Theoretic Application to Combat Poaching
Authors: Fang Fei , Nguyen Thanh H. , Pickles Robert , Lam Wai Y. , Clements Gopalasamy R. , An Bo , Singh Amandeep , Schwedock Brian C. , Tambe Milind , Lemieux Andrew
Published: July 2017

Poaching is considered a major driver for the population drop of key species such as tigers, elephants, and rhinos, which can be detrimental to whole ecosystems. While conducting foot patrols is the most commonly used approach in many countries to prevent poaching, such patrols often do not make the best use of the limited patrolling resources.
The Evolution of Scheduling Applications and Tools
Authors: Boddy Mark
Published: July 2017

The available tools and support for building planning and scheduling systems and applications have been steadily improving for decades. At the same time, the scope, scale, and complexity of the problems to be addressed have been increasing. In this column, I discuss several different scheduling applications developed over the past 25 years and then describe the tools and techniques used in addressing these problems, showing how improved tools simplified (and in some cases enabled) the solution of problems of increasing difficulty.
The Fifth International Competition on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling: Summary and Trends
Authors: Chrpa Lukáš , McCluskey Thomas L. , Vallati Mauro , Vaquero Tiago
Published: July 2017

We review the 2016 International Competition on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling (ICKEPS), the fifth in a series of competitions started in 2005. The ICKEPS series focuses on promoting the importance of knowledge engineering methods and tools for automated planning and scheduling systems.
Deploying Constraint Programming for Testing ABB's Painting Robots
Authors: Mossige Morten , Gotlieb Arnaud , Meling Hein
Published: July 2017

This report explores the use of constraint programming for the validation of ABB Robotics' painting robots.
ICOLD Embankment Dams Committee Activities, ICOLD Johannesburg, May 2016
Authors: Bridle Rodney
Published: July 2017

This is a report on the activities of the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Technical Committee on Embankment Dams during the ICOLD Annual Meeting held in Johannesburg from 16 to 20 May 2016. It includes notes on the committee's meeting, particularly reports on the preparation of bulletins (the ICOLD term for guidance documents), reports and comments on selected papers and presentations at the symposium, and a report on the Workshop on Geotextiles and Filters.
Understanding the impact of water management on people for investment in sustainable infrastructure in the UK
Authors: Cambridge Adam James , Gill Andy , Barker Monica , Tant Max , Simmonds Carolann , Watt Nathan
Published: July 2017

This study explored whether digital footprinting through the use of mobile data could be used to improve the understanding of water and environmental events on people, to enhance the evidence base for investment in sustainable infrastructure. The study focused on Margate, UK, where an integrated stakeholder surface water management plan was being developed to support the town’s regeneration and urban growth aspirations. The objectives were to assess (a) the usefulness of mobile data in infrastructure studies and (b) the impacts of a recent water pollution and beach closure event on visitor footfall to and from Margate. It was found that digital footprinting techniques provided substantial new insight into human dynamics (spatially, temporally, and demographically) with visitor footfall to and from Margate strongly driven by weather, predominately from the local area and over 65 years of age, but with 16% of visitors from London. With further work (longer time periods, further population data, and statistical analysis) digital footprinting techniques could give Margate’s regeneration strategy an area to focus on in diversifying its economy and reliance on tourism, as well as moreover, a basis for future infrastructure appraisal and evaluation in the UK (potentially in real time). The development of the latter will pose many of the real privacy challenges that previous study has highlighted and is likely to be pursued due to the current financial climate needing to deliver better services for lower cost.
Determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in some pharmaceutical products using flow injection spectrophotometric technique
Authors: Baban Shirwan , Ali Rasul
Published: July 2017

A simple, rapid, and sensitive flow injection spectrophotometric system fordetermination of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in pharmaceuticalproducts. The method is based on diazotization of 2-aminopyridine andsubsequent coupling with tetracycline hydrochloride in alkaline medium. Theformed azo-dye showed maximum absorbance at 388 nm and the calibrationcurve in the linear range of 25.0-150.0 µg/ml of tetracycline hydrochloridewith correlation coefficient 0.9988, while the detection limit was 10 µg/mland sample frequency 123 samples/hour. The accuracy and precision data fordetermination of TCH by flow injection analysis method for triplicate injectionat three concentration levels(25, 80 and 150 µg/ml) the relative standarddeviation (RSD %) are 1.04, 0.247 and 1.75%, and relative error percent (E rel )are -3.92, +1.06 and -1.9%. The proposed method was successfully applied tothe determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical products.The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained byreference method.
Effect of Feed Restriction in Period on broiler chicken Performance and Carcass traits
Authors: Faraj Hersh
Published: July 2017

The feed restriction program is one of the main techniques ingrowth curve manipulation for increasing production efficiencyin broiler chicken, therefore, this experiment was conducted todetermine the effects of different feed restriction levels, atfinisher phase from 30 to 42 days, on productive performanceand carcass traits. In this experiment a number of 90 Male Rossbroilers were used, the chicks were distributed into fivetreatments at three replications for each treatment and six chicksfor each replication. The first group was control (T1) which thechicks of this group were fed according to Ross ManagementManual, and (10, 15, 20 and 25% less than Ad-libitum) for T2,T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The results showed that feed intakeat different levels was significantly (p<0.05) less than the controlgroup. Meanwhile, at 42 days old Live weight, body weight gainand feed conversion ratio of (T2, T3, T4 and T5) werenumerically less than the control group, nevertheless, thesedifferences were not significant (p>0.05). The results also showthat carcass traits were significantly (p<0.05) affected by feedrestriction at which abdominal fat percentage in all treatmentgroups were significantly (p>0.05) lower compared to controlgroup. Meanwhile carcass weight, gizzard percentage anddressing percentage in all treatments were numerically lowerthan the control groups, however differences were not significant(p>0.05). In conclusion; results shows that using feed restriction(less than the Ad-libitum feed intake decreased significantly thefeed intake without any effect on productive performance andcarcass traits.
Effect of seed rate on vegetative growth and yield properties of two varieties of spinach and weeds
Authors: Othman Sonia , Hamasaaid Bakhtyar , Abdulla Soran
Published: July 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in Bakrajo- Sulaimaniyah, from 7th October, 2013 to 24th March, 2014 to investigate the effect of different seed rates (16, 28, 40 Kg ha-1) on a number of weeds m-2 and their dry weight. Furthermore, some vegetative and yield characters of two spinach varieties (local and Syrian) were measured. The experiment designated in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD-factorial). Comparisons between the means of the characters were carried out according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5 % level. Results revealed that 40kg ha-1 exhibited significant differences in reducing thenumber and dry weight of weeds at both growth stages [100 and 125 days after spinach seed sowing (DAS)] by 67.86 and 75.82% for weed’s number and for weed’s dry weight (67.57 and 48.27%) as compared to 16 kg ha-1. Also 40 kg ha-1 was significantly superior in increasing accumulative yield (kg m-2), Dry weight (g m-2), leaf area (cm2 plant-1),spinach number m-2and leaf number plant-1 by60.91, 66.56, 57.33, 47.93 and 28.88% ascompared to 16 kg ha-1, respectively. The local variety got the highest values in decreasing the number and dry weight of weeds at both growth stages 100 and 125DAS by 43.94 and 51.76% for weed’s number and by 19.46 and 30.49% for weed’s dry weight, compared to the Syrian variety, respectively. The local variety showed significant differences, as compared to Syrian variety, in accumulative yield (kg m-2), dry weight (g m-2), leaf area (cm2 plant-1), spinach number m-2 and leaf number plant-1 by 49.40, 47.06, 38.64, 30.97 and 21.86%, respectively. To sum up, seeding rate of 40 kg ha-1 was best in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds, and it caused significant increases in all studied parameters.
The role of flag leaf blade and awns on yield and its components of some bread wheat varieties at two locations of sulaimani region
Authors: Towfiq Sherwan , Noori Shang
Published: July 2017

This investigation was conducted during the growing season of 2009-2010, attwo different locations (Qlyasan Agriculture Research Station, College of Agriculturalsciences- University of Sulaimani, and farm land in Dukan), using split-split plots designin RCBD with four riplications. Four common wheat varieties of different origins (Araz,Tamuz, Rabea'a, and Cham-4) were used grown and implemented in the main plots. Fourseeding rates of (120, 160, 200, and 240) kg/ ha implemented in the sub-plots as thesecond factor, while four leaf and awn removal treatments as the third factor wereimplemented in the sub-sub plots that were (control, flag leaf blade removal, awnsremoval, and flag leaf blade + awns removal). Grain yield with some of its components were measured such as number of spikes/ m 2 , spike weight/ m 2 , spike length, number of spikelets/ spike, number of grain/ spike, grain weight/ spike, 1000- grain weight, and grain yield). Data on biological yieldand harvest index were also recorded. The results of grain yield and its components with biological yield, and harvestindex can be summarized as the average of both locations as follows: the effect of varieties on these characteristics was highly significant, Araz variety showed maximum values for the characteristics: number of spikes/ m 2 , spike weight/ m 2 , average spike length, and harvest index. Tamuz variety exhibited maximum number of spikelets/ spike,and grain number/ spike, while Rabea'a variety showed maximum values for the characteristics: grains weight/ spike, 1000- grains weight, grain yield, and biological yield. However, Tamuz variety produced minimum values for the characteristics; spike weight/ m 2 , grain weight/ spike, 1000- grains weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The effect of seeding rates on yield characteristics and its components as the average of both locations was highly significant on number of spike / m 2 , spikeweight/ m 2 , grain yield, and biological yield only, using the seed rate of 240 kg/ ha exhibited maximum values for these characteristics, while 120 kg/ ha seeding rate showed minimum values in number of spikes / m 2 , grain yield, and biological yield.Regarding the effect of removal treatments on yield characteristics, and its components as the average of both locations, the characteristics, number of spikes/ m 2 , spike weight/ m 2 , grain weight/ spike, 1000- grains weight, grain yield, and biologicalyield highly significant responded to these effects. While the characteristics number of spikelets/ spike, significantly responded, and the characteristics average spike length, number of grains/ spike, and harvest index showed no significant respons. The controltreatments produced maximum values of yield and its components, while removing both flag leaf blade + awn showed minimum values in spike weight/ m 2 , grains weight/ spike, 1000- grains weight, and grain yield.
Nullity of b-Bridge Coalescence Graphs
Authors: Sharaf Khidir , Ibrahim Nechirvan
Published: July 2017

The nullity η(G) (degree of singularity) of a graph G is the algebraic multiplicity of thenumber zero in the spectrum of G. If G is a graph containing a vertex of degree one andH be the subgraph obtained from G, by deleting this vertex together with the vertexadjacent to it then, η(G) = η(H). In this paper, we proved that nullity of a graph is themaximum number of independent variables in a high zero-sum weighting for it. Theabove procedures are applied to evaluate the nullity of b-bridge coalescence graphs.They are also applied to determine the nullity of edge introducing between t-tuplecoalescence graphs and nullity of paths introducing between (n, m)-tuples of coalescencegraphs.
Effect of Mulching and Organic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica)
Authors: Mohammed Ghurbat , Sarhanand Taha , Teli Jiyan
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out during 2014-2015 growing season at the vegetative researchfarm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Duhok University on broccoli plants, to study theeffect of mulching compared with no mulching and three levels of organic fertilizers(organic manure) (0, 5, 10 ton/donum) on broccoli (Zen Hybrid F1). The results showedthat mulching significantly increased plant height, leaf area, leaves number/plant,branches number/plant, head dry weight, head height, yield, fiber%, total sugar content,carbohydrate% and chlorophyll%. Organic fertilizer caused positive significantdifferences in all vegetative characteristics and most yield characteristics. The interactionbetween mulching and organic fertilizer significantly enhanced all studied traits.
Composition Fractional Integral Inequality for the Reiman-Liouville type with applications
Authors: HamaSalh Faraidun , Rasheed Sudad , Muhammad Pshtiwan
Published: July 2017

In this work, some integral inequalities of fractional order of Riemann-Liouville typeare established, which generalized some know inequalities for [8]. These can be usedin the analysis of various problems in the theory of certain classes of fractionaldifferential equations and fractional integral equations. Also, some applications for thefractional differential and integral equations are also indicated.
Geophysical, Geochemical and Structural Features of Chromite Ore in Kuradawe Village/ Mawat Ophiolite Complex, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq.
Authors: Mirza Tola , Ameen Taher , Al-Hakari Salim
Published: July 2017

Small lensoidal bodies of massive and disseminated chromitites have been examined inassociation with ultramafic rocks of the Mawat Ophiolite Complex (MOC), Iraqi ZagrosThrust Zone, Northeastern Iraq. The Chromites ore have variable thickness enveloped bydunite and of, exhibiting transitional boundaries to harzburgitic host rocks.The primary Chromite composition exhibits high Cr varieties; the average Cr# ofChromite is 0.714, with < 0.3 % TiO2 content, which may reflect the crystallization ofChromite from boninitic magma. The result of the gravity survey leads to lateraldelineation of the ore body and estimates an area of about 2800 m2. The thicknesses of different Chromite pods were estimated to be in the range of 10 – 35 m. Structural feature show that such ore bodies have internal structure making angle of 10–12 degrees with dunite wall and surrounding peridotite which indicates that Chromite ore subconcordant type.
Biomarker characteristics of oils from Garmian Oil Fields and potential Jurassic source rocks, Kurdistan,NE Iraq: implications for oil–oil and oil-source rocks correlation.
Authors: Saeed Diyar , Mohialdeen Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

The Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation in Sangaw North -1 (SwN-1) borehole, Sangaw

North Block, Garmian area, Kurdistan region, was used for geochemical analyses. Two

crude oils from PLK-8 and Sarqala-1 wells in Pulkhana and Sarqala oil fields, one

condensate from KM-3 well in Kor Mor gas field and seepage oil from ChiaSurkh oil

field were chosen for organic geochemistry investigation, oil-oil and oil-source rocks

correlation. Tectonically, the study area is located in the southeastern part of the Foothill

Zone in Zagros Fold Belt. The biomarkers ratios and molecular compound distributions 

showed that the oils, condensate and rock extracted sample of Sargelu Formation were derived

from marine carbonate source rocks bearing marine algae and kerogen type II that deposited under

reducing condition. Low presence of gammacerane indicated normal salinity condition

during the depositions. The GC-FID traces of oils and condensate showed lack of any

remarkable biodegradation, but rock-extracted of Sargelu Formations is strongly

contaminated by polyethylene glycol according to the GC-FID chromatogram.

Compositional similarity of sterane, hopane, isopernoid and n-alkane compounds among

the crude oils and crude oils with extracted sample of Sargelu Formation suggested that

the oils might be sourced from the same or similar source rocks that deposited under

similar conditions. On the other hand, Sargelu Formation is supposed to be one of the

sources of the generated crude oils. However, the maturity-related parameters showed no

similarity between the crude oils and extracted sample of Sargelu Formation.
Using Crushed Limestone Rocks in Sports Field Rootzones at Different Levels of Bulk Density
Authors: Fattah Mohammed
Published: July 2017

Most parks and sports fields are built using native type soils that generally contain excess

clay and silt contents. Problems associated with these soil types include: easily

compacted, poor drainage, low water infiltration, low nutrient availability, and reduced

root growth. Various methods have been used to modify these soils by mixing it with

sand and other amendments, due to shortage of natural sand in many parts of the world

and conserving natural resources, it is necessary to find alternative materials; crushed

limestone sand can be identified as an alternative natural sand in making good quality

sport field mixture.To assess the possibility of using crushed limestone rocks and to establish a successful

sports field mixture, (700, 270 and 30 g kg-1) of crushed limestone sand, native soil, andpeatmoss, 

respectively on mass basis were mixed. 

Some parameters that are related tosoil mixture of sport field were studied: stability, 

saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), 

and each of water holding capacity (WHC) against the gravity and penetration resistance 

(PRE) of mixture over time were measured at different bulk densities (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 Mg m-3). 

To select the best bulk density (ρb) at constructed sports field rootzones, the coefficient of determination (R2)

between ρb and each of the studied parameters were determined which were strong

relation among them. This finding suggests that ρb may control problems during making

soil mixture. In this research the best ρb of mixture are ranged from 1.417 to 1.510 Mg

m-3 at which sports field soil provided good stability, good drain, and the quality of the

playing surface well recognized in unfavorable weather conditions.
Comparison between Vertical-Horizontal and Horizontal-Vertical hybrid constructed wetlands.
Authors: Rashid Khasraw , Salh Qadri
Published: July 2017

Water pollution cause serious health risk to public. Treating wastewater in allow cost

efficient way is necessary for the region. This project was designated to describe the

usefulness of macrophytes Typha angustifolia L and Phragmites australis, since this could

be an index for its utility as a biological purifier for advanced treatment of wastewater.

For this purpose a specific model treatment project was hybrid constructed wetland.

Constructed wetlands have become a good alternative to urban wastewater treatments. To

achieve higher treatment performances, the HCW has various types. The project consists

of several purification treatment units; Storage tanks, pre-sedimentation and two hybrid

constructed wetlands. They are designed as (Vertical-Horizontal and Horizontal-Vertical)

HCW, along with sand filtration implemented with two local macrophytes (Typha

angustifolia and Phragmites australis). Experimental hybrid constructed wetlands contain

macrophytes, they have grown for 50 days (the period needed for stabilization and

adaptation), and taken untreated and treated wastewater samples twice a month periods

from June 15, 2013 until September 15, 2013. Water samples were analyzed to determine

the some heavy metals in inlet and outlet HCW. Results showed that the decreases in Iron,

Copper, Cadmium and Lead contents in the outlet wastewater treatment in (Vertical-

Horizontal) HCW higher decreases than (Horizontal-Vertical) HCW. These results

showed the design (Vertical-Horizontal) HCW better than the design (Horizontal-

Vertical) HCW to wastewater treatment.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis in five inbred line of maize (Zea mays L.) and their F 1 and F 2 hybrids under different conditions using line × tester analysis
Authors: Tawfiq Sherwan , Abdulkhaleq Dana , Hamma-Umin Bestoon
Published: July 2017

This investigation was conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) at two environmentally

different locations in Sulaimani, viz. Kanipanka and Qlyasan. The objective was to

investigate the correlation between kernel yield and other agronomic characters and their

direct and indirect effects on yield through path coefficient analysis. For the first

generation at Kanipanka, correlation studies revealed significant positive relationship of

kernel yield with number of rows/ear, while at Qlyasan, kernel yield had significant

positive correlation with plant height number of kernels/row and kernel weight/row. For

the second generation kernel yield/plant had highly significant correlation with most of

the studied characters at both locations. For the first generation, the path analysis revealed

that, number of ear/plant and number of kernel/row recorded the maximum positive direct

effect in kernel yield/plant at Kanipanka and Qlyasan, while the maximum negative direct

effect in kernel yield exhibited by plant height and number of ear/plant at Kanipanka and

Qlyasan. The maximum positive indirect effect on kernel yield/plant recorded by number

of ear/plant via plant height and the maximum negative indirect effect recorded by plant

height via number of ear/plant at Kanipanka location, while at Qlyasan location number

of kernel/row gave the maximum positive indirect effect via kernel weight/row and the

maximum negative indirect effect recorded by number of ear/plant via kernel weight/row.

For the second generation, the maximum positive direct effect in kernel yield recorded

by number of ear/plant and plant height at Kanipanka and Qlyasan locations, while the

maximum negative direct effect recorded by 300-kernel weight at both locations. The

maximum positive indirect effect showed by number of ear/plant via number of rows/ear

at Kanipanka location. At Qlyasan, the maximum positive indirect recorded by plant

height via kernel weight/ear. The maximum negative indirect effect recorded by 300-

kernel weight via plant height at both locations. These results detected that number of

ear/plant, number of kernels/row and plant height may be used as reliable criteria for

improving kernel yield in maize.
Construction of Local Isolates of Cyanobacteria for Ethanol Production.
Authors: Hasan Payam , Mohamad Dlnya
Published: July 2017

Cyanobacteria can use solar energy and convert carbon dioxide into biofuel molecules in

one single biological system. In this research, Synechococcus sp. was isolated from

Saray Subhan Agha fresh water, a pure culture of Synechococcus was obtained by

several subculturing on BG11 media. For the production of ethanol by Synechococcus

sp. pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenseII (ADH II), genes from

Zymomonas mobilis ATCC (29191), were amplified by PCR and cloned into the

pSyn_1⁄D-TOPO® Vector. The Synechococcus and Synechococcus elongates

transformed with constructed vector (pSyn_1⁄D-TOPO®) that harboring the two ethanol

fermenting genes. The transformation was performed using a double homologous

recombination system to integrate the PDC and ADHII genes into the local isolates of

Synechococcus sp. and Synechococcus elongatus chromosome under the control

cyanobacterial weak constitutive nickel inducible promoter. The recombinant

Synechococcus cells grow in different concentrations of NiSO4 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) μM in

BG11 media, under different temperature (15, 30, 45)  ̊C and different light intensity (10,

50, 150) μE. The enzymatic ethanol assay kit was used to determine ethanol

concentration produced by both recombinant Synechococcus sp. and recombinant

Synechococcus elongatus. Highest ethanol concentration obtained by those cultures

containing five μl NiSO4, which incubated under continues light of 50μE at 30 ̊C

(Optimum um condition for ethanol production by recombinant Synechococcus cells).

The amount of ethanol produced by local isolates of Synechococcus sp. was 0.00103 g/l,

whereas for Synechococcus elongatus was 0.0138 g/l. The amount of ethanol produced

by those Synechococcus cultures containing different concentrations of NiSO4 were

incubated under continuous light of (10 and 150) μE and temperature of (15 and 45)  ̊C

was less than those cultures were incubated under light of 50 μE and temperature of 30 ̊C.
On almost and weakly i p -continuous functions in topological space.
Authors: Abdullah Laila , Mohammed Diyar
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we introduce two new classes of continuous functions in topological spaces

called almost Ip-continuous and weakly Ip-continuous functions. We obtain several

characterizations of them and some of their properties. Also, we investigate their

relationships with some other types of functions.
Assessment of Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Milletus Patient in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City
Authors: Ismael Niyan , Fars Gona , Abdulkarim Awayi
Published: July 2017

The current study was undertaken to assess of pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes

milletus patient. This study was carried out for the period of 10th March to 12th May of 2014, 

sample of (100) pregnant women who have been attended the maternity teaching

hospital in Sulaimani city, to identify the assessment of pregnancy outcome in

Gestational Diabetes Milletus and explore association between some sociodemographic

characteristic of the sample baby outcome and reproductive history, the results show that

there is a strong association between reproductive history and Gestational Diabetes

Milletus.
Moment Capacity Charts for Strengthening of RC Beams With Near Surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamad , Abdullah Avin
Published: July 2017

Near surface- mounted fibre reinforced polymer is a new technique for strengthening

structural members beside externally applied fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) technology.

In NSM technique, the FRP material is applied to the tension region of the member inside

pre-prepared grooves. In externally applied FRP the debonding of the fibres is a major

issue thus, the full utilisation of FRP material can not be achieved, and the fibres are more

susceptible to environmental effects. With NSM FRP, these issues can be controlled more

effectively. ACI Committee 440 [1] has presented guidelines for design and construction

of externally FRP method for strengthening of concrete structures. Although many

experiments have been conducted on NSM FRP in flexure strengthening of RC beams,

no code is introduced yet. Theoretical studies to derive equations for calculating moment

capacity of strengthened beams have been introduced but mostly require several trial

procedures to reach the required effective strain for FRP. In this study, a moment

capacity chart is introduced based on several assumptions in the derivation of flexure

capacity equation. To avoid the brittle behaviour of FRP, it is suggested that the

utilization of FRP to be limited to 70% of its ultimate capacity for CFRP, and an

equivalent area of reinforcement is adopted for simplicity. Experimental results of other

researchers have been verified with the proposed charts, and a good comparison of results

have being achieved.
Ridge Estimates of Regression Coefficients for SoilMoisture Retention of IraqiSoils
Authors: Rashid Khasraw , Amin Hanaw
Published: July 2017

Statistical literature has several methods for coping with multicollinearity problem.Ridge regression “RR” is compared with multiple linear regression for studying “Suction Characteristics of Subgrade Soils from North Iraq- SCSSNI”. Multiple linear regression “MLR” of “SCSSNI” data usually encounters a collinearly problem, which adversely affects long term prediction performance. The collinearly problem can be eliminated or greatly improved by using ridge regression, which is a biased estimation method with potentially smaller mean square error “MSE” as an alternative to ordinary least square “OLS”. In this study, ridge regression (a biased estimation method has been evaluated with a constant bias ) and the prediction performance was compared with that of ordinary least square“OLS” based multiple linear regression “MLR”. The bias constant of was selected bu examining the ridge trace. At this point, the estimated coefficients are stable and their variance inflation factors “VIFs” become smaller. To evaluate the robustness of each model the standard error of prediction” SEPs” has been compared, the prediction of original values using MLR model shows slightly better results comparing to that of ridge regression model, which is due to an intentional bias is associated in the ridge model. To compare RR and MLR, the coefficient of determination, “VIFs”, and standard error “SE” of parameters has been studied. If the variance of the ridge estimator could be tremendously reduced, the mean square error tends to be smaller than the OLS. The prediction results of a ridge model showed more stable prediction performance as compared to that of MLR, by removing or decreasing the collinearly problem.
Spatial variability of Soil fertility using soil chemical data, Atrush area, Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
Authors: I. Lida , Rekani Omar , Barwari Vahil , Taher Sipal
Published: July 2017

One of the basic factors in sustainable crop production is enhancing soil quality based on the soil fertility and returning absorbed nutrition by plants to the soil. In this spatial research variability of soil properties in Atrush area in Duhok province, Iraq was conducted based on the 15 soil samples with randomized method were taken from different locations. Statistical analysis by SPSS and spatial distribution and interpolation of soil properties by GS+software was done. Results showed all studied soil parameters such as pH, EC, %OM, percent of sand, silt and clay, %total N, available P and K hadanormal distribution. Strong spatial dependence related tothepercent of organic matter, sand and clay percent, percent of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium while pH, EC, and percent of silt showed moderate spatial dependence. The variogram model were spherical for pH, EC, %OM, %clay and % total nitrogen while for sand percent and available P were linear and for available K and percent of silt were exponential. Spatial interpolation accuracy and precision by MAE, MBE and RMSE showed Kriging prediction maps for pH, EC, %OM, %N, and available K had most accurate predictions with the lowest error, therefore, it can provide useful information about urban planning and environmental management.
The Element ideal graph Γ(pα qβ ) (Z)
Authors: Abdul-Qadr Fryad
Published: July 2017

Let R be acommutative ring with identity and let x be an element of R. The Element Ideal Graph Γx (R) is a graph whose vertex set is the set of non-trivial ideals of R and two distinct ideal vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if x∈I J. In this paper we investigate the element ideal graph Γ(pα qβ ) (Z) to explore some of its properties with providing some examples, where Z is the set of integers, α, β∈Z+    and p and q are distinct prime numbers.
Impact of LBP Topologies as Texture Descriptors on Ethnicity Identification
Authors: Ahmed Hawkar , Younis Mahdi , Wady Shakhawan
Published: July 2017

Many ethnicity identification techniques have been developed during the past years but the problem remains are the way of using these techniques, especially local binary pattern (LBP) method is one of these techniques which has shown its superiority in ethnicity identification. The original LBP operator mainly thresholds pixels in a specific predetermined window based on the gray value of the central pixel of that window. In this work, we comparativelystudy five different configuration neighborhood topology including circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, and Archimedean topology. In the ellipse topology we used eight number of neighborhood pixels with different angle (0o, 45o, 90o, and135o), also in the circle topology we used vary the number of neighborhood pixels P: P = 8, P=10, and P = 12. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) has been used for identification task.A series of experimentations hasbeen performed on1200 face images were obtained from a collection of some standard databases. The topology computations that provide highly accurate identification consist of circle, and ellipse topology. In addition, the experimental results also indicate that a good accuracy and demonstrate by increasing the number of neighborhood pixel the result will be increase.
Generalized Semistrongly Convex Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Sabir Pishtiwan
Published: July 2017

The intention of this work is to study various aspects on the concepts of generalized convex fuzzy sets, generalized strongly convex fuzzy sets, and generalized semistrongly convex fuzzy sets. Precisely has investigated the properties and relations among them.
Vibrational Investigation of "2-Arsanyl-Pyridine" Using First Principle
Authors: Hasan Tanveer , Singh P. K.
Published: July 2017

Spectroscopic investigations along with theoretical quantum chemical studies on “2-Arsanyl-Pyridine (C5H7AsN)” have been carried out. The quantum chemical density functional method at B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p) level, is used to obtain the equilibrium geometries of the title compound. We have also performed vibrational analysis of the title compound at their equilibrium geometries and established the complete assignments of the significant vibrational modes. The calculated vibrational frequencies are shown to be in perfect agreement with the theoretically observed FTIR spectra of the molecule under study.
Impact of Global Warming on Wetlands: A Case Study of Lucknow District
Authors: Imdad Kashif , Khan Agha Mansoor
Published: July 2017

Wetlands are one of most productive environments and provide a wide variety of benefits. They are important repositories of biodiversity and play a critical role in the health, livelihood and economic prospects for the nearby rural population. Wetlands are under imminent threat by nature in form of global warming and by civilization in form of encroachments and reclamation of wetlands for farming and settlement. Along Indo-Gangetic plain wetlands have receded more than half of its size in last 50 years. Present paper attempts to analyse impact of climate change on wetlands of Lucknow. Methodology included analysis of temporal mapping of wetlands using Survey of India topographical maps (SOI) and satellite data, climatic data of area and ground verification for encroachment impacts. Results indicate that wetland of Lucknow are receding with exponential rate attributing to Global Warming, encroachment by human for settlement and agricultural activities.
Is Alpha-casozepine Efficacious at Reducing Anxiety in Dogs?
Authors: Buckley Louise Anne
Published: July 2017

There is currently no evidence to show that alpha-casozepine is effective as an anxiolytic when administered to dogs shortly (minutes to a few days) before exposure to an anxiety provoking stressor. There is limited and weak evidence to suggest that it may have a role to play in reducing anxiety in dogs over the medium to longer term but the available evidence is of low quality and / or high risk of bias, with confounding variables providing alternative explanations for the findings. More research is needed in this area.
Invested in Success: A Qualitative Study of the Experience of CenteringPregnancy Group Prenatal Care for Perinatal Educators
Authors: Vekved Monica , McNeil Deborah A. , Dolan Siobhan M. , Siever Jodi E. , Horn Sarah , Tough Suzanne C.
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to understand the central meaning of the experience of providing CenteringPregnancy for perinatal educators who were facilitators for the group sessions. Four perinatal educators participated in one-on-one interviews and/or a validation focus group. Six themes emerged: (a) “stepping back and taking on a different role,” (b) “supporting transformation,” (c) “getting to knowing,” (d) “working together to bridge the gap,” (e) “creating the environment,” and (f) “fostering community.” These themes contributed to the core phenomenon of being “invested in success.” Through bridging gaps and inconsistencies in information received from educators and physicians, this model of CenteringPregnancy provides an opportunity for women to act on relevant information more fully than more traditional didactic approaches to perinatal education.
Development of an Interactive Pregnant Adolescent Nutrition Education Workshop
Authors: Wise Nancy J. , Cantrell Mary Ann , Hadley Frances , Joyce Kimberly
Published: July 2017

The health of pregnant adolescents affects the well-being of future generations. Modifying unhealthy eating patterns among pregnant adolescents is critical because of their association with risk of poor pregnancy and birth outcomes. Therefore, it is important to provide age- and developmentally appropriate nutrition education during this time. To sustain healthy behavior changes, nutrition interventions must be grounded in theory and reflect both motivating factors and barriers to healthy eating. Factors such as taste preferences, personal self-efficacy, developmentally appropriate nutrition education, and hands-on meal preparation have been identified as influences on dietary patterns in this population. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an evidence-based nutrition education program for pregnant adolescents based on Pender’s health promotion model.
Evolução tecnológica dos procedimentos endodônticos realizados no CECOM
Authors: Santos Wellington Pereira
Published: July 2017

O tratamento endodôntico é uma modalidade terapêutica que visa à manutenção do elemento dental na cavidade oral, preservando-se a função mastigatória e a estética do paciente. Estes procedimentos são oferecidos à comunidade da Unicamp, através do departamento de Odontologia do Cecom desde a década de 80. O tratamento endodôntico, como todas as áreas da Odontologia, evoluiu bastante desde então, e nosso departamento, como não poderia ser diferente, acompanhou essa evolução. Com o advento de novas tecnologias, como os micro-motores elétricos e as limas rotatórias de Níquel-Titânio, os tratamentos que na década de 80 eram realizados em média com 04 consultas de aproximadamente 1:10 h cada, hoje são realizados em 02 consultas de aproximadamente 1:00 h cada. Isto trouxe um maior conforto aos pacientes e aos profissionais, além de possibilitar que um maior número de pessoas fossem beneficiadas com este tipo de atendimento. Graças a estas evoluções, atualmente não há mais lista de espera para que os pacientes tenham acesso ao tratamento endodôntico no Cecom.
Extra-muros: relato de experiência em ouvidoria hospitalar do hospital de clinicas/UNICAMP.
Authors: Chinellato Érica Maria Cazetta , Avelino Andressa Karoline de Souza , Danelon Thais
Published: July 2017

As Ouvidorias hospitalares foram implantadas como uma das formas pelas quais os hospitais podiam escutar os “dizeres” sobre a qualidade de seu atendimento. O presente trabalho visa apresentar o relato de experiência do um grupo de profissionais da Ouvidoria do Hospital de Clinicas da UNICAMP. Serão relatadas vivências nesta Ouvidoria por quatro profissionais atuantes com objetivo e filosofia de integrar e ampliar o atendimento baseados no princípio da humanização e cuidado integrado. Criada em 2004 pela Superintendência do Hospital de Clinicas para atender a necessidade de ouvir o usuário, mediar situações e propor ações junto a gestão. As experiências e vivências se tornaram instrumentos terapêuticos a partir do acolhimento das demandas, tecendo uma rede de relacionamentos que valorizam a escuta qualificada e humanizada levando a melhoria das relações, clarificando a informação, a orientação, garantindo a integralidade/ equidade/ universalidade preconizadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 2015 foram geradas 1736 demandas distribuídas na modalidades queixa, solicitação, sugestão, informação/orientação e elogio. Na percepção da equipe das quatro profissionais atuantes o espaço do acolhimento, escuta qualificada e humanizada têm reduzido o distanciamento entre o profissional e o usuário. Sendo assim a Ouvidoria notadamente tem sido um espaço onde o usuário expõe além de sua necessidade, suas angústias e preocupações. Percebe-se ainda tratar-se de um momento em que a interação entre profissionais e usuários promovem a possibilidade de traçar um perfil do público atendido pela Ouvidoria, facilitando o caminho para a oferta do melhor atendimento.
Planejamento estratégico em programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas em universidade
Authors: Granzotto Tânia Maria , Neto Fidelis Ranali , Berezovsky Ildelene , Ferreira Petra
Published: July 2017

Com o objetivo de estudar e desenvolver ações preventivas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas na Unicamp, foi criado em 2003 o Programa VIVA MAIS. Elevados índices de prevalência no consumo entre estudantes universitários mostraram que o programa deveria abordar amplamente a questão das drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Em função da importância de maior participação de toda a Universidade nas diretrizes e atividades do Programa VIVA MAIS, optou-se por realizar um planejamento estratégico. Foram realizadas três oficinas de trabalho, nas quais foram reunidos representantes de vários seguimentos integrantes das áreas administrativa e acadêmica da Unicamp. Elaboração do mapa estratégico do Programa Viva Mais de 2014 a 2016. Tal estratégia inclui, principalmente: propor, implantar e acompanhar as ações relativas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas; criação de núcleo de trabalho com o objetivo de operacionalizar as ações e garantir a permanência e efetividade do Programa; valorização de uma cultura avaliativa do Programa, com a análise frequente dos pontos positivos e negativos. Em face do planejamento estratégico e da atuação do Núcleo de Trabalho, observamos mudanças na natureza das campanhas que haviam sido realizadas até então, além de maior interesse e comprometimento dos profissionais envolvidos no trabalho. Com isso, foi iniciado o caminho para que o Programa Viva Mais venha a se tornar amplamente conhecido e tido como referência na proposição de políticas integradas e efetivas relacionadas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas.