bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing of Return to Pre-Pregnancy Training for Postpartum Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Young-Min , Kang Nyeonju , Hong Kwangseok , Cho Jinkyung , Han Taekyung , Park Soo Hyun
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: Female athletes often face challenges in returning to exercise training programs after pregnancy and parturition. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the optimal duration for elite female athletes to resume their pre-pregnancy training programs.METHODS: Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 1,466 women, comprising 567 nonathletes and 899 athletes. The effect sizes were calculated as differences in health-related indicators, athletic performance, and training volume during five periods: early, mid, and late pregnancy; within 6 months postpartum; and between 7 and 12 months postpartum, compared with prepregnancy levels.RESULTS: Female athletes included in the study did not return to their pre-pregnancy physical condition even one year postpartum. Health indicators decreased substantially during pregnancy and remained lower than pre-pregnancy levels for up to one year postpartum. During pregnancy, there was a considerable reduction in training volume, which persisted throughout one year postpartum. However, athletic performance within the first year postpartum was not significantly different from pre-pregnancy levels; this finding is based on a single study, indicating a limitation due to the insufficient number of studies included in the analysis.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that female athletes did not fully recover their physical condition or function within one year postpartum. Nevertheless, this finding does not imply that female athletes are unprepared or unable to resume exercise training within one year postpartum. Sufficient return to training can be achieved within this timeframe, but it is crucial to progressively and safely increase training volume and intensity in accordance with individual physiological recoveries.
Potential Effects of Exercise-Induced Alterations in the Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolites on Cerebrovascular Health and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sim Da-Hui , Lee Dong-Hyun , Lee Jun-Hee , Hong Kwang-Seok
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: This review aimed to explore the potential effects of exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiome and its metabolites on cognitive function and cerebrovascular health, focusing on the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).METHODS: We used academic search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, to gather studies on the gut-brain axis, exercise-induced changes in the gut microbiota, and their impact on cerebrovascular health and AD. Keywords used in the search included ‘gut microbiome,’ ‘cerebrovascular health,’ ‘cognitive function,’ ‘Alzheimer’s disease,’ and ‘exercise.’RESULTS: Exercise-induced modifications in the gut microbiome, particularly an increase in beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are associated with improved neurovascular function. SCFAs, especially butyrate, exert protective effects on the blood-brain barrier and reduce neuroinflammation. Conversely, metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) contribute to vascular inflammation and cognitive decline. Regular exercise enhances microbiome diversity, promotes a favorable environment for cerebrovascular health, and potentially mitigates the progression of AD.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-driven improvements in the gut microbiota composition and metabolite production may offer a non-pharmacological approach to prevent cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal exercise regimens to maximize gut health and cerebrovascular protection.
Methodology for planning repair work at heating network facilities based on regression models
Authors: Abdullin Timur , Isavnin Alexey
Published: December 2024

The article considers the problem of planning repair work at heating network facilities, which is a key aspect for ensuring the reliability and uninterrupted functioning of this infrastructure. Effective planning of repair activities allows not only to prevent emergencies, but also to significantly reduce operating costs. This paper proposes a solution for optimizing repair planning based on the use of regression models. An experiment was conducted using a real data set, within which single-factor and multifactor regression were applied. The main objective of the experiment was to assess the accuracy and applicability of these models for predicting the required volume of repair work. Analysis of the results showed that linear regression models demonstrate low efficiency in solving problems of this class. This indicates that more complex models or methods must be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of planning repair work in heating networks. The work emphasizes the limitations of linear regression models and opens up prospects for further research in the field of machine learning. The study focuses on the importance of further development and implementation of modern machine learning technologies for solving planning problems in heating networks. The proposed approaches can significantly improve the decision-making process, which will contribute not only to increasing the reliability of heating networks, but also to the overall economic efficiency of their operation. As a result, the article opens up new opportunities for further research in the field of applying machine learning to manage repair work in heating networks.
Mapping pyrogenic hazards in the Nizhnevartovsk region to ensure the safety of oil industry workers
Authors: Kozelkova Evgenia , Vasikova Alina , Isypov Vladimir , Zharkova Daria
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of natural emergencies centered around forest fires in the Nizhnevartovsk region. The authors examine in detail the causes and consequences of such emergencies, the features of their development. The study reveals the relevance of the problem of long-term forest fires for the region, where a significant part of the population works in the oil industry and may be exposed to the danger of forest fires.
The purpose of the work is to create cartographic material on fire sites to ensure the safety of oil industry workers and preserve the forest ecosystem. To achieve this goal, various data were used, including digital maps, raster images, statistical data and information from the Internet.
Several methods used in the study are considered: cartographic, theoretical and the method of geographic information systems. Methods of cartography, theory and data analysis are used to create cartographic material on fire-hazardous areas, as well as to develop measures to prevent and counteract forest fires.
The results of the study include information on the areas of damaged forest territories, the causes of fires, extinguishing methods and the cost of damage. The work emphasizes the importance of cartography and GIS in managing natural disasters and offers practical solutions for public safety and preserving forest ecosystems. Using MapInfo Professional software, thematic maps of fire-hazardous areas in the Nizhnevartovsk region were created.
Peculiarities of developing the text-forming competence of students of the professional development program «Translator in the sphere of professional communication»
Authors: Baklagova Julia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of developing the text-forming competence of students of the professional development program «Translator in the sphere of professional communication». The author relies on the concept of V.N. Komissarov who divides the complex «translation competence» into personal, communicative, text-forming, linguistic and professional-technical competences. The scientific interest in the text-forming competence is influenced by the fact that it is impossible to form translation competence without developing the skills and abilities to work with communicative-functional elements that cooperatively form a text. The students’ integrative knowledge, based on interdisciplinary interactions, influences the way they perceive a special text. It is advisable to take into account this students’ peculiarity for developing the educational path of professionally oriented translation classes. The author emphasises an important factor for developing the text-forming competence — following the principles of the
communicative-functional approach to translation. All class assignments should simulate translation activity at each stage and be correlated with the communicative-functional approach. The author of the article puts forward the idea to work out the assignments aimed at practising the skills of pre-translation analysis according to the most detailed model. The assignments modelling the stages of translating and editing the text should be developed with the focus on the variability of translation solutions and the requirement of motivation. The author identifies the skills of searching for parallel texts and the ability to critically analyse them as an important component of the text-forming competence. The algorithm of work with parallel texts proposed in the article facilitates the sustainable development of these skills and abilities. The work with terminology also contributes to the formation of the text-forming competence. The author pays special attention to such most problematic aspects of terminology as temporarily non-equivalent terms-neologisms, polysemic terms, emotionally coloured terms, determinologization.
The idea of personal self-realization in psychology
Authors: Shachinova Maria
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the ideas of Russian and foreign psychologists related to personal self-realization. The relevance of this article is due to the theoretical and practical significance of the problem of self-realization associated with the search for ways and meanings that bring a person closer to solving the question of the possibilities of his self-development. In this context, the article addresses the issues related to comparison of the concept of «personal
self-realization» with other concepts that designate similar psychological phenomena in science as «self-actualization», «self-determination», «self-development» and etc. The importance of subjective and humanistic approaches for the study of personal self-realization is emphasized. In this article generalization of the views of modern researchers regarding various aspects of personal self-realization is presented. The author found an insufficient amount of scientific data on personal self-realization in the works of foreign researchers. Based on the available data, the article identifies the main characteristics of personal self-realization. Various and similar points of view are given on the content of the concept of «personal self-realization. It is found that in modern psychology a number of scientists include a spiritual aspect in the content of personal self-realization. The article indicates the author's position regarding this construct and the results of a theoretical analysis of the ideas related to personal self-realization. In addition, the author of the article proposes a direction in which scientific research in this area may develop in the future.
Ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv på skolan och dess specialprofessioner
Authors: Wermke Wieland
Published: December 2024

Den tyske sociologen Niklas Luhmanns teoretiska förståelse av sociala system tillämpas för att förklara och förstå förhållandet mellan pedagogiska professioner och de organisationer de är verksamma i.
Carlbeck-kommitténs utredning och kampen om särskolan
Authors: Bergfjord Anders , Thorén Martin , Magnússon Gunnlaugur
Published: December 2024

Utredningen om att avskaffa särskolan och argument som omöjliggjorde en sådan lösning.
Profession i utveckling – skolans specialprofessioner mellan 2012 och 2022
Authors: Gerle Helena , Hannus Therése , Magnússon Gunnlaugur , Wermke Wieland
Published: December 2024

En beskrivning av skillnader mellan speciallärares och specialpedagogers arbetsuppgifter samt professionens byråkratisering och utvecklingen från skol- till elevproblem.
Az elektronikus orr fejlődése és alkalmazása: I. Az elektronikus orr története és típusai
Authors: Bana Bernadett , Zsédely Eszter
Published: December 2024

Az aromák olyan illékony vegyületek, amelyeket az emberi szaglás érzékel, és különböző minőségi értékekkel jellemezhetők. Az aromák sokféle vegyületből állnak, és ezeknek a vegyületeknek a kombinációja határozza meg az aroma egyedi tulajdonságait. A szaglás biológiai folyamat, mely során az orr receptorai érzékelik az illékony anyagokat, majd az agy feldolgozza ezeket az információkat. Bár a szaglásnak vannak sajátos korlátai, mint például a szubjektivitás és a reprodukálhatóság nehézségei, az elektronikus-orr rendszerek fejlesztése fontos az aromák elemzésében és az illatok azonosításában. Az elektronikus-orr különböző típusai különböző érzékelő anyagok reakcióján alapulnak a kémiai gőzökkel. A legelterjedtebb típusok közé tartoznak a fém-oxid félvezető (MOS) érzékelők, a vezető polimerek (CP) és az akusztikus hullám érzékelők. Az elektronikus orr fejlődésével együtt járó adatelemzési módszereknek kulcsfontosságú szerepük van az illatok és szagok érzékelésében és azok értelmezésében. Az elektronikus orr-ok adatelemzésének fejlődése jelentős előrelépést jelent az illatok és szagok értelmezésében, és hozzájárul széles körű alkalmazásához az iparban és a kutatásokban.
Sörtörköllyel dúsított kenyér, mint funkcionális élelmiszer
Authors: Nagy Ágnes , Bartalos Réka , Hanczné Lakatos Erika
Published: December 2024

Az élelmiszeripar nagy mennyiségben állít elő melléktermékeket, amelyek nagy részét takarmányozásra használják fel. Többek között ide tartozik a sörtörköly, ami (a sörgyártás során felhasznált gabonafélék csíráztatás, majd cefrézés utáni leszűrt része) igen magas rost, vitamin- és ásványianyag-tartalommal bír, ezáltal funkcionális élelmiszerek létrehozásával emberi fogyasztásra is felhasználható. Több kísérlet is született ezzel kapcsolatban a közelmúltban. Többféle élelmiszerhez is hozzáadták, mint a különféle kekszek, pékáruk vagy reggeliző gabonák, javítva általa annak beltartalmi értékeit. Jelen tanulmányban a kenyereket vizsgáltuk, hiszen hazánkban jelentős a kenyérfogyasztás. Különböző mennyiségben sörtörkölyt adtunk a kenyerekhez, mert kíváncsiak voltunk bizonyíthatóan jobb tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik-e, mint a hagyományos kenyér. A mérések alátámasztották, hogy mind a fehérje-, mind a rosttartalom megnövekedett a sörtörkölyt tartalmazó kenyerek esetében, így valóban egy egészségesebb terméket kaptunk. De hogy a fogyasztókat valóban érdekli-e a termék és szívesen fogyasztanák-e, érzékszervi bírálatnak is alávetettük az elkészült kenyereket. A kóstolás eredményeként elmondható, hogy bár nem lettek finomabbak a kenyerek, sőt a nagyobb mennyiségű sörtörköly kifejezetten rontott a kenyér ízvilágán, ugyanakkor az egészségtudatos vásárló annak fényében, hogy egy jobb minőségű élelmiszert eszik, szívesen választaná a sörtörkölyt tartalmazó kenyeret.
The Effect of Grape Variety on the Micro- and Macroelement Composition of Grape Seeds
Authors: Székelyhidi Rita , Giczi Zsolt , Lakatos Erika , Kapcsándi Viktória , Sik Beatrix
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to examine the differences between the micro- and macro-element content of the seed of eight different grape varieties, namely ‘Italian Riesling’, ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, ‘Királyleányka’, ‘Rhine Riesling’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Kékfrankos’. On the basis of the results, there were significant differences between the calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and boron (B) content of grape seed varieties. In the case of macroelements, the largest amount of K (Italian Riesling 4239 mg/kg to Cabernet Franc 8646 mg/kg), followed by Ca (Pinot Noir 5435 mg/kg to Királyleányka 7369 mg/kg), P (Sauvignon Blanc 2566 mg/kg to Királyleányka 3470 mg/kg) and finally Mg (Cabernet Franc 1097 mg/kg to Királyleányka 1466 mg/kg) was contained in the seeds of the cultivars studied. Of the microelements, Fe was present in the largest amount (Sauvignon Blanc 23.7 mg/kg to Merlot 59.5 mg/kg) considering the grape varieties. The amounts of the other microelements tested were as follows: Mn from 13.1 mg/kg (Pinot Noir) to 31.3 mg/kg (Királyleányka), Cu from 9.38 mg/kg (Italian Riesling) to 19.1 mg/kg (Cabernet Franc), Zn from 10.9 mg/kg (Kékfrankos) to 16.2 mg/kg (Királyleányka) and B from 9.46 mg/kg (Italian Riesling) to 9.46 mg/kg (Rhine Riesling). Based on the results, the type of grape affects the micro- and macro-elements content of the seed, and the daily consumption of 100g of grape seed meal can significantly contribute to the daily intake of trace elements.
HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION AND HEATING VALUE OF CATALYTIC CRACKING GASOLINES
Authors: Yakupov Marat M. , Akhmadiyarov Ratmir R. , Rakhimov Marat N. , Vildanov Farhad Sh.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the hydrocarbon composition and calorific value of typical gasoline fractions of fluid catalytic cracking units in a fluidized bed of a catalyst.The composition of catalytic cracking gasoline was found to contain 414 hydrocarbons, including a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with boiling points significantly exceeding the end boiling point of gasoline. As a result of hydrotreating the heavy part of gasoline, the total content of olefins calculated for the entire gasoline decreases by only 4.2% by weight, and their total content in gasoline still remains at a fairly high level. It is also shown that the hydrotreating process is accompanied by not only the hydrogenation of olefins, but also aromatic hydrocarbons. As a result of hydrotreating, there is an insignificant increase in the calorific value of catalytic cracking gasoline, a more significant effect on the calorific value of gasoline is exerted by its fractional composition.
IMPROVEMENT OF CATALYTIC CRACKING FOR DEEPEN OF OIL REFINING
Authors: Evdokimova Natalya G. , Levina Tatyana M. , Mutallapov Ramil N. , Startseva Elena V. , Shishkina Olga Yu.
Published: December 2024

At the moment, there is a situation in the world in which the volume of proven reserves of light oils is decreasing, and the volume of reserves of heavy oils are increasing. The processing of heavy hydrocarbons is becoming more complicated and does not provide the necessary depth of extraction of light distillates. Large capital expenditures are required to ensure the specified oil refining depth parameter.The deepening of oil refining is developing through the development and implementation of flexible technological schemes and advanced high-intensity environmentally friendly thermocatalytic and hydrogenation processes for deep processing of vacuum gas oils and oil residues, which include catalytic cracking.Catalytic cracking allows not only to increase the depth of oil refining, but also to ensure the production of a high-octane component of commercial gasoline. In addition, the products are gases rich in propane-propylene and butane-butylene fractions which are used as raw materials for petrochemical synthesis and production of motor fuel components.Currently, the problem of improving the catalytic cracking process is quite acute, because at existing installations, catalytic systems are being replaced with domestic analogues, the raw materials of the process are becoming heavier due to the use of deep vacuum distillation of oil and the need for high-quality commercial products and petrochemical raw materials is increasing.Therefore, the paper proposes to use a modeling method to predict the process indicators. The mathematical model will allow us to develop technical solutions to optimize the operation of the catalytic cracking unit in order to increase the depth of processing of hydrocarbon raw materialsBased on monitoring the operation of an industrial catalytic cracking plant, experimental dependences of the effect of process parameters on the yield of target products were obtained, systems of differential equations of material balance were developed, experimental and calculated data on the model were compared.Regression analysis was used to determine the existence of dependence, and the correlation method was used to describe the nature of the relationships. The main parameters of the catalytic cracking process are described, such as temperature, pressure drop, catalyst level and steam consumption. The dependences of the output parameters on each other (gasoline, butane-butylene and propane-propylene fractions) were revealed. The model is obtained in the form of a generalized formula based on a combination of complex methods in the analysis. The adequacy of the obtained equation has been confirmed using existing software. A new software solution has been proposed for the selection of optimal process parameters based on the previously compiled model.
İdam Edilen Bir Kadın Mistik: Marguerite Porete ve Mistik Düşünceleri
Authors: Temiztürk Halil
Published: December 2024

Marguerite Porete (öl.1310) Le Miroir Des Âmes Simples (Saf Ruhların Aynası) kitabıyla tanınan ve Kilise’nin engizisyonuna uğramış mistik bir kadındır. Fransızca yazdığı eserinde savunduğu ilahî aşk, benliğin yok edilmesi ve kilise otoritesine meydan okuması nedeniyle soruşturmaya uğramış ve 1310 yılında Paris’te kazıkta yakılmış, böylelikle Kilise tarafından idama mahkum edilen ilk kadın mistik olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Porete’nin idamının arkasında hangi dinamikler vardır? Onun bir heretik olarak idamı Kilise-mistikler arasındaki gerilimin bir yansıması mıdır veya sadece kadınlara yönelik bir gözdağı mıdır? Çalışmada bu sorulara, Kilise ve mistikler arasındaki ilişkiler çerçevesinde cevaplar aranmıştır. Porete’nin sadece görüşleri veya kadın olması nedeniyle idam edildiği yönündeki bazı indirgemeci yaklaşımlara eleştiri getirilerek, onun idamının arka planında yatan etmenler tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca Tanrı ile bir olma ve benliğin yok edilmesi gibi Hıristiyan mistisizminde öne çıkan fenomenlere değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın Hıristiyan mistik geleneği ve Kilise arasındaki ilişkilerin tarihsel sürecini ve dinamiklerine ışık tutması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada Porete özelinde Kilise ve mistiklere yönelik tarihsel ve mukayeseli bir yöntem benimsenirken, mistik kavramlar fenomenolojik bir metotla ele alınmıştır.
The Contradictory Legacy of Zionism: Radical Religious Groups
Authors: Kuşaslan Leyla
Published: December 2024

Zionism initially emerged as a secular movement aimed at the national liberation of the Jewish people. Most Zionist leaders, known as the founding fathers, sought to dissociate Judaism from its religious identity and embed it within a modern nationalist framework. The desire to establish a national consciousness while sidelining religious teachings led to significant conflicts and schisms among both secular and religious Jewish communities. Aside from a small minority within religious groups, Zionism was largely rejected and scorned by religious Jews in its early days. However, the establishment of the state, particularly following the Six-Day War in 1967, paradoxically provided fertile ground for the rise of religious radicalism. Religious groups began interpreting the acquisition of sacred lands, such as Jerusalem and the West Bank, as a divine sign, advocating for Israel’s expansion as a religious mission. This study will examine the contradictory legacy of Zionism, characterized by its secular, and at times anti-religious, ideology. Zionism continues to create deep divisions within Israeli society, perpetuating a persistent tension between secular and religious identities. Radical Zionist religious groups legitimize violence against Palestinians, sustaining a profound area of conflict in Israeli politics and settlement policies.
Forensic study of biographical facts related to the social status of the accused person
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Yuan Vladimir L. ,   West Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: December 2024

The article reveals the relationship between biographical facts and the social status of the accused person. The range of problems involves methodological, historical, forensic, and psychological aspects. The subject of the study is a complex of psychological entities with the property of measurability and acting as a result of tactical influence. The following general scientific methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, and a system-structural one. The following special scientific methods were used in the study: modeling, statistical analysis, expert assessment, and a a comparative historical one. There is a number of the following conclusions are received in the article. In the structure of a person’s biography, three groups of biographical facts are distinguished: biological parameters, social status, and psychological data. Social statuses include information about the accused: family, place of residence, professional activities, education, sources of income, level of earnings, and his or her educational growth. Each of these biographical facts is associated with a certain pronounced predisposition of the individual in the form of a tendency. In order to measure the degree of effectiveness of knowledge about biographical facts related to the social status of the accused, a list of questions was compiled based on available data in modern human sciences, linking biographical facts with personality traits, the reliability assessment of which was obtained based on a survey of researchers in the fields of criminology and psychology, as well as law enforcement practitioners. A total of 228 people were interviewed, including 11 people who worked in their specialty for less than one year, 39 people from 1 to 3 years, 77 people from 3 to 5 years, 71 people from 5 to 7 years, 18 people from 7 to 18 years, and 12 people from 10 to 15 years. The majority of respondents noted a high relationship between the level of earnings of the accused and personal characteristics; on the other hand, the relationship between biographical information about the family in which the accused grew up and personal characteristics was noted by the smallest number of respondents. The final conclusion is that biographical information related to professional activities, sources of income, level of earnings and home location of the accused reveals the deepest connection with his or her personal characteristics, which can form the basis for studying the personality of the accused to individualize tactical techniques in solving forensic problems of crime investigation.
Imperial mythological symbolism in modern political discourse of postcolonial and post-communist societies
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, Linchenko Andrey A. ,   Lipetsk Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Batishchev Roman Yu. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2024

This article reveals the transformation of the political functions of imperial mythological symbols in modern political discourse using the example of postcolonial and post-communist societies. Based on the methodology of P. Bourdieu and O. Malinov, the symbols of imperial mythology were interpreted as elements of symbolic politics associated with the sociocultural conditions of its implementation. The study showed that, in modern postcolonial and post-communist societies, the imperial myth demonstrates the dominance of fragmentation processes, the convergence of its elements with other mythologies, and also depends on the strategies of actors constructing and exploiting the images of imperial mythology and its symbols within the framework of current political tasks. In this article the UK and Russia were chosen as particular examples of postcolonial and post-communist societies. The comparative analysis of the appeal to imperial mythological symbols was carried out on the basis of the methodological approach of G. Gill. In the context of his ideas, the semantic (sense of unity, images of heroes and the heroic, images of the empire and its past, actualization of imperial traditions) and formal (language, visual art, physical space and environment, ritual) aspects of the comparative analysis were highlighted. The study of the British and Russian cases showed differences that were associated with the very configuration of the actors and their strategies for using myth-imperial symbols. In the case of the UK, these actors are the Royal family, museums, and the British Armed Forces. It was revealed that the images and symbols of the British Empire turned out to be one of the auxiliary tools of political criticism in discussions between supporters and opponents of the topic of Brexit, as well as interaction with the Commonwealth states. The key function of using myth-imperial symbols in the case of postcolonial society in the UK turned out to be the function of ensuring identity politics. The images of the British Empire were used as a negative historical example for determining new vectors of domestic and foreign policy, as well as for the development of the self-awareness of social groups. In the case of the Russian Federation, the most significant actors turned out to be the Russian Orthodox Church, the armed forces, as well as public organizations (Russian Military Historical Society, Russian Historical Society). In their case, imperial mythology and its symbols were used to a greater extent to demonstrate the continuity of Russian historical experience within the function of identity politics, as well as an instrument of creating public solidarity.
Transformation of the Ethnic Structure of the US Electorate
Authors:   Georgy Arbatov Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrovskaya Natalia
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу изменений этнической структуры электората США в XXI веке, которые существенно трансформировали политический ландшафт страны. Исследование выявляет основные демографические тенденции, такие как увеличение доли испаноязычного, афроамериканского и азиатского населения, и их влияние на электоральные предпочтения и результаты выборов. Особое внимание уделено расово-этническому составу в колеблющихся штатах и его корреляции с уровнем доходов.

В работе отмечается, что на президентских выборах 2024 г. уверенную победу одержал Дональд Трамп, который выиграл также во всех колеблющихся штатах. Хотя испаноязычное население в целом чаще голосует за Демократическую партию, в 2024 г. Трамп смог привлечь значительную часть испаноязычных мужчин. Это было обусловлено его акцентом на экономические вопросы, включая снижение стоимости жизни, обеспечение рабочих мест и борьбу с инфляцией. Экономическая программа Трампа, включая обещания укрепить экономическую стабильность и создать новые рабочие места, стала ключевым фактором его победы. Эти темы привлекли избирателей из рабочего класса и тех, кто озабочен высокими расходами на жилье и товары. Трамп смог привлечь часть консервативных избирателей из афроамериканского и испаноязычного населения, которые разделяют его взгляды на традиционные семейные ценности, религиозные вопросы и иммиграционную политику. Эта широта коалиции, объединяющая как традиционное ядро республиканцев, так и новые группы избирателей, стала решающим фактором его успеха.

Автор использует аналитические, исторические и сравнительные методы для оценки динамики политической активности различных этнических групп. Подчеркивается значимость учета этнического разнообразия в избирательных стратегиях и его роль в формировании будущего политической карты США. Выводы статьи подтверждают необходимость адаптации традиционных политических подходов к новым демографическим реалиям и изменяющимся предпочтениям электората.
Philosophical and Anthropological Foundations of the German Peace Pedagogy: Transformations of Key Concepts and Approache
Authors: Cherepanova E. S.
Published: December 2024

Peace pedagogy or peace education appeared after World War II primarily for bringing up German children and youth in line with a new ideology. Since the 1980s, peace education has been oriented mainly at developing countries with permanent armed conflicts often involving children as active participants (soldiers). This article focuses on the basic concepts (peace, aggression, man, etc.), which have been framed in German peace education theory since the 1950s. It is revealed there were the following philosophical and anthropological concepts of peace pedagogy in West Germany at the initial stage of its development: eccentric positionality of man as a living being (Helmuth Plessner); aggression as an innate instinct and its complex relationship with bonding and cooperation among humans (Konrad Lorenz); and man as a biologically deficient being (Arnold Gehlen). In East Germany, education theories were based on the Marxist interpretation of the human essence. After the unification of Germany, peace education theory underwent some significant transformations, which marks the second stage in its development. Man is understood as a living being that, although being connected with nature, is shaped by culture to a greater extent. In this regard, what comes to the fore is the part of Plessner’s theory that deals with the shared world (Mitwelt) and human spiritual activities. The concept of the Other has also become meaningful. Recognizing the anthropological laws of eccentric positionality, natural artificiality, and mediated immediacy, the researchers also emphasize the need to take into account the influence of culture, which determines man’s uniqueness.
Contemporary Political and Non-Political Actors of the Social Revolution
Authors: Loskutov Yu. V.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the issue of actors of the post-capitalist social revolution. The question of changing the capitalist social formation is relevant due to the fact that capitalism is increasingly hindering the development of productive forces, including human development. At the same time, the relative impoverishment of workers deprives them of the necessary resources for a successful political struggle. Consequently, a typical post-capitalist social revolution is not accompanied by an internal political revolution “from below”. However, the political actors of the social revolution manifest themselves as such (mostly indirectly) not in the domestic but in the international arena, contributing to the loss of global economic hegemony by the global capitalist system, which determines the process of its political self-liquidation. Since the substantive source of social revolution is not the class struggle, but the development of productive forces in everyday practices, the proponents of post-capitalism should reconsider current social problems in the context of this development and, above all, the comprehensive development of individuals. The system-forming factor of productive forces complication is the development of labor activity, and therefore the non-political actors of the post-capitalist social revolution are the actors of universal labor, producing social-harmonic relations instead of social-atomistic ones. The current crisis calls into question the supposed class domination of the individualistic “personaliat”. The emergence of universal labor destroys the contradiction between mental and physical labor, leading to the gradual elimination of class antagonism. In this regard, the proponents of post-capitalism should strive to increase the number and social influence of representatives of universal labor.
The Influence of Hegelianism on the French Philosophy of the 20th Century: The Theories by Alexandre Kojève and Jean Hyppolite
Authors: Tyutchenko D.A.
Published: December 2024

The article attempts to reconstruct the influence of Hegelianism on the French intellectual milieu of the 1930s–60s represented by its leading figures. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that French philosophy is often associated with the idea of overcoming Hegel, without taking into account his influence, including on antiHegelians. To address this issue, the author turns to the theories by Alexandre Kojève and Jean Hyppolite, as well as their role in the formation of four famous philosophers. The first part of the article examines Kojève’s anthropological interpretation of Hegel and its influence on Georges Bataille and Jacques Lacan. It demonstrates that each of them developed his own anthropology starting from the themes that were in the focus of their teacher: negation, desire, and the struggle for recognition. They build their discourse around the analysis of the phenomenon of scarcity and the power of negativity in human existence. At the same time, they intend to move beyond Hegel and Kojève, discarding the idea of the end of history. Georges Bataille does this by appealing to the data of ethnology, and Jacques Lacan by developing his own concept of psychoanalysis. The second part of the article deals with the ontological interpretation of Hegel developed by Jean Hyppolite, which influenced Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault. In his commentaries on Hegel, Hyppolite criticized Kojève’s subjectivism and shifted the focus from the individual to the history of the concept and language. His followers also try to overcome anthropology and humanism within the framework of their own philosophical projects – Marxism in the case of Louis Althusser and Foucault’s theory of power-knowledge. Both thinkers started from the idea of a process without a subject and the critique of essentialism developed by their teacher. Along with this, they also use his concepts to turn them against Hegel’s determinism and teleologism. The author of the article draws attention to the fact that it was Hegelianism that anticipated some of the provisions of structuralism. It is concluded that Hegelianism was a prevailing condition for the emergence of the idea of overcoming Hegel in France.
Transformation of Media Culture: Pastiche, Simulacra, and Remediation in “The Last of Us” and “Cyberpunk 2077” Franchises
Authors: Anisimov V.A.
Published: December 2024

The article attempts a critical philosophical analysis of the ways to reinvent the production of contemporary media culture on the example of two franchises, “The Last of Us” and “Cyberpunk 2077”. Modern media culture is a complex mechanism ensuring the transmission of various messages through the production and subsequent human consumption of media products. Douglas Kellner, following Jean Baudrillard, positions media culture as a spectacle for pleasure. In the digital space, media culture includes a number of mediums, such as video games, movies, music, etc. Since postmodernism is an integral part of modern capitalism, the production of media culture for profit involves the (re)invention of various media texts. Using philosophical vocabulary, the example of the franchises “The Last of Us” and “Cyberpunk 2077” show how such media culture products are created. Simulation, pastichization, and remediation become tools for the production of contemporary media text and thus refer to what has already been produced. The article presents an analysis of video games as a simulative space within the framework of the philosophical categories of Jean Baudrillard, Fredric Jameson, and Gilles Deleuze. The author also analyzes the genre component of franchises using the proposed by Fredric Jameson terminology of pastiche, and the developed by David Bolter and Richard Grusin concept of remediation. Within the “The Last of Us” franchise we can see that the transition from one medium to another, from a video game to a film, is an actively used way of copying media text. When such copying occurs, there is a loss of interactivity with the media text, which can negatively affect the consumer experience. In the “Cyberpunk 2077” franchise the same transition not only does not impair the consumer’s interaction with the media text but complements it by connecting the stories of two different mediums with each other. It is concluded that the analyzed franchises, having a similar base of production, diverge in terms of creativity, showcasing the potential approaches through which media culture products can undergo reimagining and reinvention.
Alexey Borovoy’s Political Philosophy: Dynamism, Anti-Rationalism, and Individualism
Authors: Belkovich R.Yu. , Bystrov A.S. , Vinogradov S.V.
Published: December 2024

The article attempts to interpret the little-known anti-statist conception of the early 20th century – anarcho-humanism of Alexey A. Borovoy. The introduction of the research paper justifies the relevance of studying “secondary” figures in the anarchist tradition, both for a better understanding of Anarchism itself in a broader context of intellectual history, and for the advancement of contemporary political theory. The first part of the article outlines the issues raised in Russian academic literature regarding anarcho-humanism, provides a brief historical overview of its evolution, identifies the main stages in the formation of Borovoy’s views, and delineates the influence on him of key ideological currents and authors (Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Mikhail Bakunin, Henri Bergson, etc.). The main body of the study is devoted to a detailed analysis of the philosophical foundations of Borovoy’s social and political doctrine. It examines the conceptual grounds of anarcho-humanism, reconstructs the crucial philosophical principles, and elucidates the political and legal perspectives of the theorist. The authors argue that the core philosophical features of Borovoy’s anarcho-humanism include dynamism (apology for the perpetual movement of life), anti-rationalism (rejection of rigid intellectual frameworks), and individualism (apology for personal emancipation and development). The central problem shaping the development of Borovoy’s theory is interpreted as the antinomy between the individual and society, an irreconcilable antagonism between the two poles of human existence. It is emphasized that for Borovoy, an individual holds primacy in this conflict, and is engaged in an eternal struggle for emancipation, yet unable to achieve complete liberation from society and collective interests. The authors reveal Borovoy’s critique of determinism and mechanistic reductionism as a characteristic trait of his thought. The research outcome is a detailed conceptualization of the philosophical foundations of anarcho-humanism, providing insight into the political and legal views of one of the most ingenious libertarian theorists of the early 20th century.
Kant and the Bible: Holy Scripture as an Object of RationalCritical Reflection
Authors: Vasechko V.Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the specifics of philosophical consideration and comprehension of books that acquire the status of sacred within a certain sociocultural space. Both in contemporary philosophical discourse and in the discourse of many past eras, there is usually a distancing of professional philosophers from direct engagement with such texts. As a result, the sacred books end up being almost exclusive handled by intellectuals, who either ignore specifically philosophical research methods, or arbitrarily apply them to their opportunistic, pragmatic goals, or limit themselves to the traditional technique of interpreting and commenting on the Holy Scripture. However, for serious thinkers, many sacred books, examined from a specific perspective, turn out, to be very valuable material for testing the strength of their theoretical and methodological tools and the moral and ethical principles they adhere to, despite all possible and even inevitable risks. The article analyzes this problem on the example of Immanuel Kant’s interpretation of the Bible, which played the role of a fundamental culture-forming text in his era. It is shown how the philosopher opposes the rational-critical and doctrinal-theological approaches to reading the Bible, while leaving the reader the right of free choice. The main attention is paid to three small works by Kant, which make up a kind of philosophical trilogy. In the first of them – the “Conjectural Beginning of Human History” – the German thinker, based on the Book of Genesis, gives his own version of the reasons for mankind’s emergence from the state of nature and its transformation into a sovereign subject of historical action. In the second one – “On the Failure of All Attempted Philosophical Theodicies” – Kant, relying on the Book of Job, solves the problem of God’s goodness/nongoodness in the light of the evidence of evil and suffering as an ontological datum. The third work – “The End of All Things” – deals with the Book of Revelation and treats from a philosophical point of view one of the most important religious topics – the apocalyptic destruction of humanity (the Last Judgment, the end of the world, the cessation of historical time). The article demonstrates the heuristic potential of Kant’s rational-critical methodology, which has not lost its significance even today.
Roman Law Without Greek Philosophy: A Hard Way Towards a Beginning of Dogmatic Jurisprudence
Authors: Ponomarev D.E.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the features of the reception of Roman law in Europe from the 5th to the 12th centuries. It is emphasized that both Greek logic and Roman law, as inherent elements of the cultural heritage of Antiquity, did not fit well with the early-Christian cultural basics. Therefore, these areas of secular knowledge had not remained in the focus of intellectual research and development for a long time. Logic, being represented by very few translated and commented Greek works, was not in demand as a meaningful intellectual technology. And without a fully developed logical apparatus, Roman law could only be explored as a set of Antique literature texts, i.e. via very scarce instruments reduced to rhetoric and grammar only. From the institutional point of view, that attitude to law and the methods of its intellectual development give grounds to call the period under consideration the era of “law without lawyers”. In other words, due to “stigmatization” of Greek logic (and rationality in general), Roman law existed as a set of “silent” texts, which available methods of comprehension could only reveal as literature, and not as a system of legal constructions. During the so-called Renaissance of the 12th century, there was a radical re-evaluation of rationality as a basic value of culture, which was manifested, among other things, in the “rehabilitation” of Greek logic. First of all, it affected Aristotle’s logic, which became an intellectual tool that made it possible to create a basis for lasting tradition of European law and legal science, deeply rooted in Roman jurisprudence. It is concluded that the specific features of the reception of Roman law during the early medieval period of the history of legal thought may be regarded as an illustration and particular case of a general rule – full apperception of Roman legal tradition (and probably any legal tradition) is possible only if rationality receives the grade of the highest value of culture.