bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro-Environmental Employee Engagement: The Influence of Pro-Environmental Organizational, Job and Personal Resources
Authors: Albrecht Simon L. , Bocks Andy , Dalton Jack , Lorigan Anthea , Smith Alec
Published: December 2021

As organizations continue to respond to the existential challenge that is climate change, the extent to which employees engage in environmental sustainability is critical to that response. This study introduces new measures of pro-environmental employee engagement, pro-environmental job resources and pro-environmental meaningful work. Based on engagement theory, a model is tested that shows how perceived corporate environmental responsibility, pro-environmental job resources (supervisor support, involvement, information) and pro-environmental meaningful work (a personal resource) influence pro-environmental employee engagement. Online self-report survey data were collected through convenience sampling from 285 full-time and part-time employees (aged 18–89 years) working across a range of occupations and organizations in Australia. Data were analyzed using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). In support of the proposed model, CFA and SEM results generally yielded a good fit to the data. Eight of nine proposed direct effects involving corporate environmental responsibility, pro-environmental job resources (modelled as a higher-order construct), pro-environmental meaningful work, and pro-environmental engagement, were significant. All proposed indirect effects within a re-specified model were significant. The final model explained 51% of the variance in pro-environmental job resources; 20% in pro-environmental meaningful work; and 71% in pro-environmental employee engagement. Overall, the results indicate that perceived organizational, job and personal resources play a motivational role in enhancing pro-environmental employee engagement. The study contributes a theory-based model and new measures of employee pro-environmental resources and engagement. The model can be applied to help organizations assess and develop interventions to address the critically important issue of environmental sustainability. Future research directions and study limitations are discussed.
Estimation of the Setting and Infrastructure Criterion of the UI GreenMetric Ranking Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Fuentes Jose Eduardo , Garcia Cesar Edwin , Olaya Robin Alexis
Published: December 2021

This study presents a methodology to estimate the seven indicators of the Setting and Infrastructure criterion of the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking based on three-dimensional data from a point cloud taken from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This study also estimated the potential aerial biomass, C and CO2, stored in the green spaces of a university campus using photogrammetric data analyzed in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The method was based on isolating classified point clouds using digital surface models (DSMs) and ground control points (GCPs) considering the canopy height model (CHM), the allometric equation (DBH, p, h), the biomass conversion factor, and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e). The results confirmed that the national models for estimating the potential C reserves in natural forests are very close to reality and that the open space and green areas available to people on campus are adequate. The use of photogrammetric data facilitated the estimation of UI GreenMetric indicators from a highly detailed, low-cost three-dimensional model. The results of a case study revealed that the campus assimilates the CO2 emissions it produces and generates a surplus.
Modelling Artificial Immunization Processes to Counter Cyberthreats
Authors: Zegzhda Dmitry , Pavlenko Evgeny , Aleksandrova Elena
Published: December 2021

This paper looks at the problem of cybersecurity in modern cyber-physical and information systems and proposes an immune-like approach to the information security of modern complex systems. This approach is based on the mathematical modeling in information security—in particular, the use of immune methods to protect several critical system nodes from a predetermined range of attacks, and to minimize the success of an attack on the system. The methodological approach is to systematize the tasks, means and modes of immunization to describe how modern systems can counter the spread of computer attacks. The main conclusions and recommendations are that using an immunization approach will not only improve the security of systems, but also define principles for building systems that are resistant to cyber attacks. The immunization approach enables a symmetrical response to an intruder in a protected system to be produced rapidly. This symmetry provides a step-by-step neutralization of all stages of a cyber attack, which, combined with the accumulation of knowledge of the attacker’s actions, allows a base of defensive responses to be generated for various cyber attack scenarios. The theoretical conclusions are supported by practical experiments describing real-world scenarios for the use of immunization tools to protect against cyber threats.
Attention Optimized Deep Generative Adversarial Network for Removing Uneven Dense Haze
Authors: Zhao Wenxuan , Zhao Yaqin , Feng Liqi , Tang Jiaxi
Published: December 2021

The existing dehazing algorithms are problematic because of dense haze being unevenly distributed on the images, and the deep convolutional dehazing network relying too greatly on large-scale datasets. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a generative adversarial network based on the deep symmetric Encoder-Decoder architecture for removing dense haze. To restore the clear image, a four-layer down-sampling encoder is constructed to extract the semantic information lost due to the dense haze. At the same time, in the symmetric decoder module, an attention mechanism is introduced to adaptively assign weights to different pixels and channels, so as to deal with the uneven distribution of haze. Finally, the framework of the generative adversarial network is generated so that the model achieves a better training effect on small-scale datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed dehazing network can not only effectively remove the unevenly distributed dense haze in the real scene image, but also achieve great performance in real-scene datasets with less training samples, and the evaluation indexes are better than other widely used contrast algorithms.
rDromaserpin: A Novel Anti-Hemostatic Serpin, from the Salivary Glands of the Hard Tick Hyalomma dromedarii
Authors: Aounallah Hajer , Fessel Melissa Regina , Goldfeder Mauricio Barbugiani , Carvalho Eneas , Bensaoud Chaima , Chudzinski-Tavassi Ana Marisa , Bouattour Ali , M’ghirbi Youmna , Faria Fernanda
Published: December 2021

Hemostatic disorders are caused either by platelet-related dysfunctions, defective blood coagulation, or by a combination of both, leading to an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other related illnesses. The unique specificity of anticoagulants from hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks, suggests that tick saliva holds great promise for discovering new treatments for these life-threatening diseases. In this study, we combined in silico and in vitro analyses to characterize the first recombinant serpin, herein called Dromaserpin, from the sialotranscriptome of the Hyalomma dromedarii tick. Our in silico data described Dromaserpin as a secreted protein of ~43 kDa with high similarities to previously characterized inhibitory serpins. The recombinant protein (rDromaserpin) was obtained as a well-structured monomer, which was tested using global blood coagulation and platelet aggregation assays. With this approach, we confirmed rDromaserpin anticoagulant activity as it significantly delayed plasma clotting in activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays. The profiling of proteolytic activity shows its capacity to inhibit thrombin in the micromolar range (0.2 to 1 μM) and in the presence of heparin this inhibition was clearly increased. It was also able to inhibit Kallikrein, FXIa and slightly FXIIa, with no significant effect on other factors. In addition, the rDromaserpin inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Taken together, our data suggest that rDromaserpin deserves to be further investigated as a potential candidate for developing therapeutic compounds targeting disorders related to blood clotting and/or platelet aggregation.
Antimicrobial Activity of Snake β-Defensins and Derived Peptides
Authors: Oguiura Nancy , Corrêa Poliana Garcia , Rosmino Isabella Lemos , de Souza Ana Olívia , Pasqualoto Kerly Fernanda Mesquita
Published: December 2021

β-defensins are antimicrobial peptides presenting in vertebrate animals. They participate in innate immunity, but little is known about them in reptiles, including snakes. Although several β-defensin genes were described in Brazilian snakes, their function is still unknown. The peptide sequence from these genes was deduced, and synthetic peptides (with approximately 40 amino acids and derived peptides) were tested against pathogenic bacteria and fungi using microbroth dilution assays. The linear peptides, derived from β-defensins, were designed applying the bioisosterism strategy. The linear β-defensins were more active against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter freundii, and Staphylococcus aureus. The derived peptides (7–14 mer) showed antibacterial activity against those bacteria and on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nonetheless, they did not present activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trychophyton rubrum, and Aspergillus fumigatus showing that the cysteine substitution to serine is deleterious to antifungal properties. Tryptophan residue showed to be necessary to improve antibacterial activity. Even though the studied snake β-defensins do not have high antimicrobial activity, they proved to be attractive as template molecules for the development of antibiotics.
Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Nattectin-like Toxin from the Venomous Fish Thalassophryne maculosa
Authors: Lopes-Ferreira Monica , Sosa-Rosales Ines , Silva Junior Pedro Ismael , Conceicao Katia , Maleski Adolfo Luis Almeida , Balan-Lima Leticia , Disner Geonildo Rodrigo , Lima Carla
Published: December 2021

TmC4-47.2 is a toxin with myotoxic activity found in the venom of Thalassophryne maculosa, a venomous fish commonly found in Latin America whose envenomation produces an injury characterized by delayed neutrophil migration, production of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and necrosis at the wound site, as well as a specific systemic immune response. However, there are few studies on the protein structure and functions associated with it. Here, the toxin was identified from the crude venom by chromatography and protein purification systems. TmC4-47.2 shows high homology with the Nattectin from Thalassophryne nattereri venom, with 6 cysteines and QPD domain for binding to galactose. We confirm its hemagglutinating and microbicide abilities independent of carbohydrate binding, supporting its classification as a nattectin-like lectin. After performing the characterization of TmC4-47.2, we verified its ability to induce an increase in the rolling and adherence of leukocytes in cremaster post-capillary venules dependent on the α5β1 integrin. Finally, we could observe the inflammatory activity of TmC4-47.2 through the production of IL-6 and eotaxin in the peritoneal cavity with sustained recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils up to 24 h. Together, our study characterized a nattectin-like protein from T. maculosa, pointing to its role as a molecule involved in the carbohydrate-independent agglutination response and modulation of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation.
Protection against Congenital CMV Infection Conferred by MVA-Vectored Subunit Vaccines Extends to a Second Pregnancy after Maternal Challenge with a Heterologous, Novel Strain Variant
Authors: Fernández-Alarcón Claudia , Buchholz Grace , Contreras Heidi , Wussow Felix , Nguyen Jenny , Diamond Don J. , Schleiss Mark R.
Published: December 2021

Maternal reinfection of immune women with novel human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains acquired during pregnancy can result in symptomatic congenital CMV (cCMV) infection. Novel animal model strategies are needed to explore vaccine-mediated protections against maternal reinfection. To investigate this in the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) model, a strictly in vivo-passaged workpool of a novel strain, the CIDMTR strain (dose, 1 × 107 pfu) was used to infect dams that had been challenged in a previous pregnancy with the 22122 strain, following either sham-immunization (vector only) or vaccination with MVA-vectored gB, gH/gL, or pentameric complex (PC) vaccines. Maternal DNAemia cleared by day 21 in the glycoprotein-vaccinated dams, but not in the sham-immunized dams. Mean pup birth weights were 72.85 ± 10.2, 80.0 ± 6.9, 81.4 ± 14.1, and 89.38 ± 8.4 g in sham-immunized, gB, gH/gL, and PC groups, respectively (p < 0.01 for control v. PC). Pup mortality in the sham-immunized group was 6/12 (50%), but reduced to 3/35 (8.6%) in combined vaccine groups (p = 0.0048). Vertical CIDMTR transmission occurred in 6/12 pups (50%) in the sham-vaccinated group, compared to 2/34 pups (6%) in the vaccine groups (p = 0.002). We conclude that guinea pigs immunized with vectored vaccines expressing 22122 strain-specific glycoproteins are protected after a reinfection with a novel, heterologous clinical isolate (CIDMTR) in a second pregnancy.
RBD Double Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Increase Transmissibility through Enhanced Interaction between RBD and ACE2 Receptor
Authors: Sinha Siddharth , Tam Benjamin , Wang San Ming
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to catastrophic damage for global human health. The initial step of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in its spike protein to the ACE2 receptor in the host cell membrane. Constant evolution of SARS-CoV-2 generates new mutations across its genome including the coding region for the RBD in the spike protein. In addition to the well-known single mutation in the RBD, the recent new mutation strains with an RBD “double mutation” are causing new outbreaks globally, as represented by the delta strain containing RBD L452R/T478K. Although it is considered that the increased transmissibility of double-mutated strains could be attributed to the altered interaction between the RBD and ACE2 receptor, the molecular details remain to be elucidated. Using the methods of molecular dynamics simulation, superimposed structural comparison, free binding energy estimation, and antibody escaping, we investigated the relationship between the ACE2 receptor and the RBD double mutants of L452R/T478K (delta), L452R/E484Q (kappa), and E484K/N501Y (beta, gamma). The results demonstrated that each of the three RBD double mutants altered the RBD structure and enhanced the binding of the mutated RBD to ACE2 receptor. Together with the mutations in other parts of the virus genome, the double mutations increase the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 to host cells.
Special Issue “Evolution and Diversity of Insect Viruses”
Authors: Ryabov Eugene V. , Harrison Robert L.
Published: December 2021

Insects are crucial for ecosystem functions and services and directly influence human well-being and health [...]
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Expression at the Surface of Infected Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ding Shilei , Adam Damien , Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Tauzin Alexandra , Gong Shang Yu , Gasser Romain , Laumaea Annemarie , Anand Sai Priya , Privé Anik , Bourassa Catherine , Medjahed Halima , Prévost Jérémie , Charest Hugues , Richard Jonathan , Brochiero Emmanuelle , Finzi Andrés
Published: December 2021

Different serological assays were rapidly generated to study humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Due to the intrinsic difficulty of working with SARS-CoV-2 authentic virus, most serological assays use recombinant forms of the Spike glycoprotein or its receptor binding domain (RBD). Cell-based assays expressing different forms of the Spike, as well as pseudoviral assays, are also widely used. To evaluate whether these assays recapitulate findings generated when the Spike is expressed in its physiological context (at the surface of the infected primary cells), we developed an intracellular staining against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) to distinguish infected from uninfected cells. Human airway epithelial cells (pAECs) were infected with authentic SARS-CoV-2 D614G or Alpha variants. We observed robust cell-surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike at the surface of the infected pAECs using the conformational-independent anti-S2 CV3-25 antibody. The infected cells were also readily recognized by plasma from convalescent and vaccinated individuals and correlated with several serological assays. This suggests that the antigenicity of the Spike present at the surface of the infected primary cells is maintained in serological assays involving expression of the native full-length Spike.
Immune Responses in Pregnant Sows Induced by Recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii Expressing the COE Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Provide Protection for Piglets against PEDV Infection
Authors: Zheng Dianzhong , Wang Xiaona , Ju Ning , Wang Zhaorui , Sui Ling , Wang Li , Qiao Xinyuan , Cui Wen , Jiang Yanping , Zhou Han , Li Yijing , Tang Lijie
Published: December 2021

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal infectious disease in pigs that causes serious economic losses to the pig industry. To develop an effective oral vaccine against PEDV infection, we used a swine-origin Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) as an antigen delivery carrier. A recombinant strain pPG-T7g10-COE/L. johnsonii (L. johnsonii-COE) expressing COE protein (a neutralizing epitope of the viral spike protein) was generated. The immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cell in vitro and immunogenicity in pregnant sows was evaluated following oral administration. L. johnsonii-COE could activate monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) maturation and triggered cell immune responses. After oral vaccination with L. johnsonii-COE, levels of anti-PEDV-specific serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies as well as mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibody were induced in pregnant sows. High levels of PEDV-specific SIgA and IgG antibodies were detected in the maternal milk, which provide effective protection for the piglets against PEDV infection. In summary, oral L. johnsonii-COE was able to efficiently activate anti-PEDV humoral and cellular immune responses, demonstrating potential as a vaccine for use in sows to provide protection of their piglets against PEDV.
Who Got Vaccinated for COVID-19? Evidence from Japan
Authors: Okubo Toshihiro , Inoue Atsushi , Sekijima Kozue
Published: December 2021

Vaccination has been critical to reducing infections and deaths during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While previous studies have investigated attitudes toward taking a vaccine, studies on the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination behavior are scant. We examine what characteristics, including socioeconomic and non-economic factors, are associated with vaccination behavior for COVID-19 in Japan. We use a large nationwide online survey with approximately 10,000 participants. As of September 2021, 85% of the respondents said that they had received or would receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Employing logistic regression analysis on vaccination behavior, we found that vaccination rates are higher among those who are older, married, educated, and/or work in a large company. On the other hand, vaccination rates tend to be lower among the self-employed, younger women, and those with poor mental health. Income did not significantly correlate with vaccination. Medical workers were found to have a relatively high rate of vaccination. Although attitude towards risk and time preference were not crucial factors for vaccination, fear of infection, infection prevention behavior, and agreement with government policies on behavioral restrictions in crisis situations positively correlated with vaccination.
Assessment of Post-Vaccination Antibody Response Eight Months after the Administration of BNT1622b2 Vaccine to Healthcare Workers with Particular Emphasis on the Impact of Previous COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Wolszczak-Biedrzycka Blanka , Bieńkowska Anna , Dorf Justyna
Published: December 2021

At the end of 2020, COVID-19 vaccination programs were initiated in many countries, including Poland. The first vaccine approved in Poland was the BNT162b2 mRNA preparation (Pfizer/BioNTech), and the first vaccinated group were healthcare workers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate post-vaccine antibody titers 8 months after the second vaccine dose had been administered to a group of employees of the Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Olsztyn (Poland). The employees were divided into two groups: persons who had COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of 2020 and were vaccinated in January–February 2021, and persons without a history of COVID-19 who were vaccinated during the same period. The analyzed material was venous blood serum collected from 100 hospital employees on 23–28 September 2021. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies was measured with a Roche Cobas e411 analyzer using the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. The study demonstrated that persons with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly higher antibody levels (taking into account gender, age, type of work performed, and severity of post-vaccination symptoms) than employees without a history of COVID-19. The study also revealed that the type of work, age, gender, and the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can influence the humoral immune response. The presented results may prove helpful in the context of administering additional vaccine doses.
Drought Vulnerability Assessment and Cluster Analysis of Island Areas Taking Korean Island Areas at Eup (Town) and Myeon (Subcounty) Levels as Study Targets
Authors: Shim Intae , Kim Heejin , Hong Bongchang , An Jusuk , Hwang Taemun
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to conduct drought vulnerability assessment and cluster analysis of Korean island areas at eup (town) myeon (subcounty) level. Drought vulnerability assessment was conducted using factor analysis and entropy method, and cluster analysis was analyzed using K-means, a nonhierarchical cluster analysis method. Vulnerability consisted of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Twenty-two indicators were used to evaluate and analyze vulnerability of drought in small island areas. The results of entropy method showed that winter rainfall, no rainfall days, agricultural population rate, cultivation area rate, water supply rate and groundwater capacity have a substantial impact on drought assessment. The overall assessment of vulnerability indicated that Seodo-myeon Ganghwa-gun, Seolcheon-myeon Namhae-gun, and Samsan-myeon Ganghwa-gun were most vulnerable to drought. The cluster analysis was evaluated by categorizing the regions into three clusters, and policy support and planning are needed to suit the characteristics of each cluster was observed.
Hydrochemistry of the Lhasa River, Tibetan Plateau: Spatiotemporal Variations of Major Ions Compositions and Controlling Factors Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches
Authors: Zhu Meizhuang , Kuang Xingxing , Feng Yuqing , Hao Yinlei , He Qiule , Zhou Hui , Chen Jianxin , Zou Yiguang , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: December 2021

Spatiotemporal variations of the hydrochemical major ions compositions and their controlling factors are essential features of a river basin. However, similar studies in the southern Tibetan Plateau are relatively limited. This study focuses on the chemical compositions of the dissolved loads in the Lhasa River (LR) in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Two sampling campaigns were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons across the LR basin to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal variations of water chemistry and sources of the dissolved loads. The results show that the river water possesses slight alkalinity with an average pH of 8.05 ± 0.04. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) range widely from 39.8 mg/L to 582.6 mg/L with an average value of 165.6 ± 7.7 mg/L and from −9.4 mV to 295 mV with a mean value of 153.7 ± 6.9 mV, respectively. The major cations follow the decreasing order of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ while HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, and NO3− for anions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ account for 87.8% of the total cations, while HCO3− and SO42− accounts for 93.9% of the total anions. All the major ions show higher concentrations in the dry season. NO3−, HCO3−, and Mg2+ show significant spatial variations due to the influence of basin lithology and anthropogenic activity. Multi-variables statistical analysis reveals that the mechanisms controlling the LR hydrochemistry are mainly carbonate weathering followed by silicate weathering. Geothermal springs and anthropogenic activities also play crucial roles in altering river water ions composition in the middle stream and downstream. The relatively high NO3− value (3 ± 0.2 mg/L) suggests water quality will be under the threat of pollution with the increase of anthropogenic activities.
Effective Purification of Eutrophic Wastewater from the Beverage Industry by Microbubbles
Authors: Fukami Kimio , Oogi Tatsuro , Motomura Kohtaro , Morita Tomoka , Sakamoto Masaoki , Hata Takashi
Published: December 2021

Beverage industries often discharge large amounts of organic matter with their wastewater. Purification of the effluent is their obligation, but it is nontrivial. Among wastewater components, removal of dissolved organic matter often requires much effort. Therefore, a special effective technique must be considered. Microbubbles (1–100 μm) have several special properties of relevance to wastewater treatment. In this study, the effectiveness of microbubbles for treating and purifying beverage wastewater was evaluated. Orange juice, lactic acid drink, and milk were used as model substrates of dissolved organic matter, and degradation experiments were carried out. Rates of air supply by microbubbles were 0.05% (air/wastewater) min−1. Results indicated that the total organic carbon (TOC) in an experimental vessel containing milk (high nitrogen content) decreased by 93.1% from 11.0 to 0.76 g during a 10-day incubation. The TOC of lactic acid drink (least nitrogen content) decreased by 66.3%, from 15.6 to 5.26 g, and the TOC of orange juice (medium nitrogen content) decreased by 82.7%, from 14.8 to 2.55 g. Large amounts of particulate organic matter floated on the water surface in the milk with microbubbles and were removed easily, while almost no floating materials were observed in the orange juice and lactic acid drink. In contrast, in the macrobubble treatment (diameter 0.1 to 2 mm), only 37.0% of TOC in the milk was removed. Whereas the macrobubble treatments were anaerobic throughout the incubations, the microbubble treatments returned to aerobic conditions quickly, and brought 10 times greater bacterial abundances (>108 cells mL−1). These results suggest that microbubbles are much superior to macrobubbles in supplying oxygen and accelerating the growth of aerobic bacteria, and that wastewater containing more nitrogenous compounds was purified more effectively than that with less nitrogen by microbial degradation and floating separation.
IDENTIFIKASI HABITAT ANGGREK TIEN SOEHARTO (CYMBIDIUM HARTINAHIANUM JB COMBER & NASUTION) DI GUNUNG SIBUATAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Prakasa Hary , Syafitri Feby Indriani , Pulungan Ibnu Arief Habibie , Tinendung Desi Sakinah , Ritonga Yusran Efendi
Published: December 2021

Cymbidium hartinahianum atau anggrek Hartinah adalah salah satu tumbuhan endemik di Pulau Sumatera bagian utara (Provinsi Aceh dan Sumatera Utara). Selain endemik anggrek ini termasuk anggrek yang di lindungi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui habitat dari C. hartinahianum. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Data yang dgunakan adalah data koordinat, data yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan di masukkan kedalam MS. EXCEL. Data tersebut di konversi menjadi data decimal kemudian di kombinasikan atau di gabungkan dengan data habitat elevasi, curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, tutupan lahan, jenis tanah dan lahan kritis menggunakan software ArcGIS  Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi habitat menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis di peroleh Habitat Anggrek Tien Soeharto (C. hartinahianum) secara umum ada jenis tanah Ao104-2/3c (Orthic acrisol), Curah Hujan menempati 1500-2000 mm/tahun, kedalam tipe tutupan lahan hutan lahan kering sekunder, Kemiringan lereng 60, Tipe lahan kritis, elevasi 2092-2600 m dpl.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Tingkat Tinggi (HOTS) Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Bagan Sinembah T.P 2020/2021 Dengan Penerapan Model Siklus Belajar 5E Melalui Materi Sistem Ekskresi Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Rangkuti Salsa Dila Hakim , Armadani Armadani , Br Ketaren Egithania , Siregar Linawati , Novita Rena
Published: December 2021

This study aims to improve the thinking skills of high-level students through the use of the 5E cycle learning model in class XI IPA students of SMA Negeri 2 Bagan Sinembah TP Riau 2020/2021 (PT) using the Kemmis and Mc.Taggart method to improve. The subjects of this study were 36 students of class XI IPA-1. This classroom action research was carried out in 2 cycles, with each cycle consisting of 1 session. Cycle I discusses the human excretory system, and Cycle II discusses disorders of the human excretory system. The data collection techniques used were tests of higher order thinking skills and teacher activity observation sheets in the application of the 5E cycle learning model and data analysis techniques with individual and classical percentage analysis. The results showed that the use of the 5E cycle learning model was able to improve high thinking skills (HOTS) of class XI science students at SMA Negeri Bagan Sinembah TP 2020/2021 Riau with a material removal system and increasing teacher activity in the learning process. The percentage of thinking ability (HOTS) from 50% in the first cycle increased to 67% in the second cycle in the good category, in the 85% cycle it increased to 92%, the percentage in the very good category was accepted.
Assessment of Measurement of Salivary Urea by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Screen for CKD
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ling , Evans Rhys D.R. , Unwin Robert J. , Norman Jill T. , Rich Peter R.
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Salivary urea can be quantitated rapidly and accurately by infrared spectroscopy in the range relevant to that found in patients with CKD.

The measured urea concentrations allowed discrimination of patients with stages 3, 4, or 5 CKD from each other and from healthy controls.

This provides a proof of concept that the technique could be developed as a novel, sensitive, and cost-effective screening method for CKD.

Stages of CKD are currently defined by eGFR and require measurement of serum creatinine concentrations. Previous studies have shown a good correlation between salivary and serum urea levels and the stage of CKD. However, quantitative salivary urea assays in current clinical use require costly and labor-intensive commercial kits, which restricts the advantage of using saliva and limits wider applicability as a quick and easy means of assessing renal function. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been shown to provide a potentially straightforward, reagent-free method for the identification of a range of disease-related biomarkers and is in current clinical use for analyses of the chemical composition of kidney stones. We assessed the feasibility of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method to measure salivary urea in patients with different stages of CKD. The ATR-FTIR spectra of dried saliva samples from six healthy controls and 20 patients with CKD (stages 1–5) were analyzed to provide their urea concentrations. The lower limit of detection of salivary urea by the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy method was 1–2 mM, at the lower end of the clinically relevant range. Statistically significant differences in salivary urea concentrations were demonstrated between healthy subjects (4.1±0.5 mM) and patients with CKD stages 3–5 (CKD stage 3, 6.8±0.7 mM; CKD stage 4, 9.1±1 mM; CKD stage 5, 14.8±1.6 mM). These salivary urea concentrations correlated well with serum urea levels in the same patients measured by an automated analyzer (Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.71; P<0.001). The ability of the method to detect and stage CKD was assessed from the sensitivity and specificity parameters of a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that quantitation of salivary urea by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could provide a viable tool for rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of stages 3–5 CKD.
El pactismo catalán y la construcción del Estado (1652-1714)
Authors: Albareda Joaquim
Published: December 2021

El pactismo, doctrina fundada en el respeto mutuo en el cumplimiento de los pactos entre el rey y los súbditos, constituía el fundamento de la monarquía compuesta de los Austrias en España, y halló su máxima expresión en los territorios de la corona de Aragón. El presente trabajo pretende analizar el desarrollo del pactismo catalán entre 1652 y 1714 y su dialéctica con el proceso de construcción del Estado, del que la guerra y la fiscalidad constituían dos pilares fundamentales. Si bien durante la revuelta de los Barretines (1687-1689) y la guerra de los Nueve años (1689-1697) las contradicciones se agudizaron, a principios del siglo XVIII el constitucionalismo catalán se revitalizó mediante la convocatoria de dos reuniones de Cortes (1701 y 1705), hasta que, en 1714, al final de la guerra de Sucesión, Felipe V puso fin a aquel sistema mediante la Nueva Planta absolutista.
IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO KESELAMATAN KERJA DENGAN METODE FMEA DI UD. BAROKAH JAYA KUSEN
Authors: Prasetyo Permadi Gilang , Suseno Agustian , Nugraha Asep Erik
Published: December 2021

UD. Barokah Jaya sering mengalami permasalahan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) terkait dengan potensi kecelakaan kerja di proses produksinya, serta membutuhkan solusi berupa prioritas dalam menangani masalah potensi bahaya tersebut, dikarenakan terbatasnya sumberdaya dan cara untuk pengendalian potensi tersebut. Metode FMEA menjadi solusi yang tepat dalam hal prioritas masalah tersebut dengan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) sebagai indikator priorita. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari hasil identifikasi risiko dengan metode FMEA didapat 8 potensi kecelakaan kerja dengan nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 210 yang diperoleh oleh potensi kecelakaan kerja “tangan terluka akibat alat pemotong kayu” dan upaya pengendalian berupa training dari segi manusia, pembelian APD untuk RPN tertinggi dari segi metode, pembuatan WIP dari segi material, penggantian komponen mesin dari segi mesin, dan dilakukan relayout dan 5R dari segi lingkungan.
A A Study on Challenges and Opportunities in Tourism Sector in India
Authors: Karthikeyan I M , Raja Alias Pranmalai K
Published: December 2021

The movement and the travel industry have been arising as one of the quickest and biggest developing monetary areas worldwide. It contributes around the world work and Domestic Product expanded essentially. In India now daily Tourism is a sunrise industry. It is likewise contributing to work age. Furthermore, it is an instrument of unfamiliar trade for the nation and a monetary action that helps neighborhood and host networks. The Tourism area is one way to foster the country and its chronicled places are one of the vital components for Indian Tourism. In any case, this area is confronting difficulties like the absence of good quality foundation of the travel industry, worldwide worries for wellbeing and security of vacationers, the street and thruway administrations charge structures across different states, incompetent labor in this area. The paper is offering imperative to factors that influence Tourism Sector. The information is taken from different public and global reports, diaries, books, magazines and other writing of this discipline. The Indian travel industry is assuming a significant part in the monetary improvement of numerous areas of the state by creating business. Gujarat the travel industry, helps the world popular Indian customary Art and specialty.
Opinions of Pre-Service Teachers on The Use of Educational Digital Games in Science Lessons
Authors: Efe Hacer , Topsakal Ünsal Umdu
Published: December 2021

In this study, the opinions of pre-service teachers on the use of educational digital games in science lessons were examined. The research model of the study is qualitative model. The criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling methods, was used in the selection of the study group. The study group consists of 12 undergraduate 4th grade teacher candidates who study at a state university and choose the elective course called “Science Education with Games”. In the study, 12 pre-service teachers developed educational digital games in an elective undergraduate course for one semester and presented the games they developed to other pre-service teachers. All processes were carried out online. The data in the study were obtained in the 2020-2021 academic year. Semi-structured interview was used as data collection tool. For semi-structured interviews, semi-structured interview form was implemented to pre-service teachers before and after the implementation. In data analysis, qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted. As a result of the study, it was seen that the opinions of the pre-service teachers about the use of educational digital games in the science lesson were positive. In addition, pre-service teachers stated that the use of educational digital games provides learning with fun.
Why the Optimism Misses? An Analysis on the Gaps and Lags of Teachers’ Perceptions of 21st Century Skills
Authors: Varghese Jijo , Mohamedunni Alias Musthafa M N
Published: December 2021

The present century demands transformative competencies in all spheres of human life and this necessitated the evolution of a new civil right in the modern era. Inevitably, this demands for new sets of skills and competencies in the learners to meet the challenges and competitions of the knowledge economy, labor market and information settings. To build the 21st century skills and competencies in the learners, teachers need to have awareness and knowledge about these skills and apply them in their daily classroom activities. In order to execute the strategies for promoting 21st century skills among learners, a clear perception on the same is highly essential. It is interesting to analyze the perception of the teachers and the missing gaps. This study was conducted to examine the gap between the actual and ideal perception of 21st century skills among secondary school teachers of Kerala. It also examined to what extent their age, teaching experience and subjects have been related to perception level. Data has been collected from secondary school teachers (N=350) through survey method. The result of the study showed that there was gap between actual and ideal perceptions of 21st century skills among the secondary school teachers and also positive correlation between age, teaching experience and the actual perception of 21st century skills.
Subject-Verb Relation in North Dravidian Language
Authors: Kujur Anup Kumar
Published: December 2021

The main objective is to highlight some of the distinctive features pertaining to agreement phenomenon and language structure in Kisan. It is a agglutinative language having nominative-accusative case markings. The characteristics of an agglutinative language has gradually beenconverged with those of analytic language like Hindi and Odia which are the dominant languages of the region.
A Research on the Etymology of Dravidam (Dravidianism)
Authors: Sahaya Darcius P
Published: December 2021

There have been numerous critics found in Tamil Nadu since the introduction of the phrase ‘Dravidam’ (Dravidianism). The criticism on ‘Dravidam’ was at its peek when DK (Dravida Kazhagam), Dravida Nadu, DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam), were very popular among the masses of Tamil Nadu. There is a general opinion that Bishop Robert Caldwell was the first to use the word Dravidam. There are also stories saying Dravidam is not Tamil and Dravidians are not Tamils. Therefore, it is natural for anyone to question the verity of Dravidam. Is Dravidam an illusion? Or is it a fabricated story? With these questions in my mind I started researching the Sangam Literature and the historical documents extensively. I have found a plethora of evidence confirming Dravidam and Tamil are not different. Dravidam is Tamil and Tamil is Dravidam
Kotta Sculpture - Arthanariswarar (Thiruvelvikudi Temple for Special Purpose)
Authors: Vijayamala T
Published: December 2021

Tiruvelvikudi Temple is the 23rd northernmost temple of the Cauvery in Chola. The temple is located in Tiruvelvikudi, about 10 km northeast of Kuthalam in the Kuthalam circle of the Mayiladuthurai district. It is the place where the marriage ceremony to Lord Shiva took place. Therefore, this place is also known as Velvikudi and Gautama Bandana Sethiram as it is dedicated to Pratiyar (Parvati Devi). Currently known as Tiruvelvikudi and Thirulakudi.
How Noncredit Enrollments Distort Community College IPEDS Data: An Eight-State Study
Authors: Romano Richard , D’Amico Mark
Published: December 2021

A commonly used metric for measuring college costs, drawn from data in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), is expenditure per full-time equivalent (FTE) student. This article discusses an error in this per FTE calculation when using IPEDS data, especially with regard to community colleges. The problem is that expenditures for noncredit courses are reported to IPEDS but enrollments are not. This exclusion inflates any per FTE student figure calculated from IPEDS, in particular expenditures and revenues. A 2021 IPEDS Technical Review Panel (TRP #62) acknowledged this problem and moved campus institutional research offices a step closer to reporting noncredit enrollment data (RTI International, 2021). This article is the first to provide some numbers on the magnitude of this problem. It covers eight states—California, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Data on noncredit community college enrollments were made available from system offices in all states. In addition, discussions were held at both the system level and the campus level to verify the data and assumptions. Figures provided by states were merged with existing IPEDS data at the campus and state levels, and then were adjusted to account for noncredit enrollments. The results provide evidence that calculations using IPEDS data alone overestimate the resources that community colleges have to spend on each student, although distortions vary greatly between states and among colleges in the same state. The results have important implications for research studies and college benchmarking.
UNIFICATION OF DATA FORMATS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANALYTICAL COMPONENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATIONS AND BROADCASTING
Authors: ДЕВЯТКИН Е.Е. , ИВАНКОВИЧ М.В. , КУПИН М.Н.
Published: December 2021

Представлены результаты исследовательской работы по унификации форматов данных,которые требуются при реализации аналитической составляющей в структуре информационных систем, предназначенных для решения экспертно-прогностических задач в сфере связи и вещания. По результатам анализа существующих в отрасли основных автоматизированных систем, их функциональных возможностей обоснована необходимость введения в действующие и перспективные системы аналитической составляющей и унификации форматов данных как непременного условия их взаимодействия. Рассматривается набор унифицированных форматов данных, разработанный для перспективного макета аналитической системы развития связи и вещания.

The results of research work on unifying the data formats that are required for the implementation of the analytical component in the structure of information systems intended for the solution of expert predictive problems in the sphere of communications and broadcasting are presented. Based on the results of the analysis of the main automated systems and their functional capabilities the necessity of introducing an analytical component into existing and future systems as well as unifying data formats as an indispensable condition for their interaction is substantiated. A set of unified data formats developed for a promising layout of an analytical system for the development of communications and broadcasting is considered.
OPTIMAL SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATION SYSTEM FOR RADIO SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPOLARIZATION MULTIPLEXING
Authors: РЕДЬКОВИЧ В.С. , ПУСТОВОЙТОВ Е.Л.
Published: December 2021

Приводятся результаты исследования возможности увеличения эффективности использования радиочастотного спектра более чем в два раза за счет использования нескольких (N>2)радиосигналов с неортогональными поляризациями,передаваемых на общей несущей частоте. Предложены метод выявления такой возможности для заданной комбинации поляризаций радиосигналов, а также структурная схема и процедура определения параметров устройства поляризационного разделения радиосигналов на приемной стороне. Выполнен детальный анализ определения оптимальных коэффициентов элементов системы поляризационного разделения на приемной стороне четырех радиосигналов с учетом иррациональности коэффициентов анализируемой системы линейных уравнений.

The results of the study of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of using the radio frequency spectrum by more than twice due to several (N>2) non-orthogonal polarizations of carrier radio signals are presented. The method to determine such possibility for any given set of polarizations, as well as a block diagram and a procedure for determining the parameters of a device for polarization separation of radio signals on the receiving side are proposed. The detailed analysis of the determination of optimal coefficients of elements of polarization separation system on receiving side of four radio signals is performed taking into account the irrationality of coefficients of analyzed linear equation system.
Analisis Penerimaan Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Batam
Authors: Nurhajizah Yuni Fivta , Tipa Handra
Published: December 2021

Pajak dan retribusi daerah adalah sumber pendapatan asli daerah. Semakin besar realisasi penerimaan pajak daerah, semakin besar juga realisasi pendapatan asli daerah. Jika realisasi penerimaan sumber pendapatan asli daerah  efektif sesuai dengan target yang ditetapkan pemerintah daerah, maka daerah pasti memiliki biaya yang memadai untuk membayar belanja daerah dan kemandirian kesejahteraan rakyat juga akan meningkat. Namun, realisasi penerimaan pajak dan retribusi daerah belum optimal. Hal ini karena menurunnya tingkat kepatuhan dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar pajak dan retribusi daerah sehingga tingkat penerimaan pendapatan asli daerah pendapatan belum meningkat dan kurang efektif upaya untuk lebih optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kota Batam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi penerimaan pajak daerah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah, dan realisasi penerimaan retribusi daerah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan daerah. Pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kota Batam.