bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variance Structure of Aflatoxin Contaminated Maize In Incoming Trucks at Commercial Mills in Kenya
Authors: Fischer Karen , Herrman Timothy J. , Hoffmann Vivian , Lee Kyung-Min
Published: April 2023

Aflatoxin contamination in maize represents a significant food safety hazard in Kenya. To manage this risk, millers need to properly sample incoming bags of maize. In this study, three firms allowed researchers access to sample three incoming trucks each to quantify sources of variability using a hierarchical sampling design. A total of 180 samples consisting of two samples per bag, ten bags per truck, three trucks per mill, and three mills were sampled in April of 2014 and analyzed for aflatoxins using the Romer-FluorQuant test method. Samples from three trucks were analyzed twice for aflatoxin to define intra-bag variability, and extracts were analyzed in duplicate to quantify analytical variability. The variance was partitioned as follows: mill (1.9%), truck (4.1%), bag (60.8%), in-bag (26.6%), analytical error (6.3%) and residual error (0.3%). Using these data, a power study was conducted to optimize the number of bags per truck that should be sampled. The power test, depicted using a power curve, indicated that 20 bags provided a statistical probability of 0.83. This study characterizes the sources of variability in sampling, and the inclusion of a power study highlights the tradeoffs in the number of bags sampled and the ability to detect small effects in estimating the level of aflatoxin contamination in maize. https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v07fischer
United States Biostimulant Industry Recommendations to Assess the Efficacy, Composition, and Safety of Plant Biostimulant Products
Authors: Biological Products Industry Alliance
Published: April 2023

Plant biostimulant products are gaining significant traction as valuable tools in the agricultural and horticultural sectors, facilitating sustainable crop production and environmentally conscious operations while bettering plant growth, quality, and yield. These unique products cannot be classified as fertilizers, nor do they work directly on pests like pesticides. Working to enhance plant nutritional processes, they offer invaluable aid to producers, sustainably improving the efficiency of inputs and natural resources. Unlike widely used agrochemicals, plant biostimulant products lack consistent regulatory oversight in the United States, thus limiting their use.

In this article, members of the Biostimulant Industry Workgroup (BIW) recommend guiding criteria when verifying plant biostimulant product claims. It is anticipated these principles will strengthen the credibility of developed and emerging plant biostimulant products and help prepare technology developers for the foreseeable measures enacted as governmental regulations come about in the United States.
Rapid-field-deployable DART-MS screening technique for 87 opioids and drugs of abuse, including fentanyl and fentanyl analogs
Authors: Sara Kern  , Toomey Valerie , Lorenz Lisa
Published: April 2023

Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs are playing an increasing role in the opioid health crisis that is sweeping America. These synthetic opioids are much more potent and lethal than morphine or heroin and must be treated with extreme caution. Many of these substances are entering the country through International Mail Facilities (IMFs) and Express Courier Hubs (ECHs) in the form of counterfeit prescription drugs and bulk powders, resulting in a critical need for field-deployable techniques that can safely provide rapid screening to prevent these products from reaching the public.  Here we describe a direct analysis in real time thermal desorption mass spectrometer (DART-MS) with database searching capabilities that allows quick detection of numerous target compounds. Minimum detectable levels for 87 opioids and drugs of abuse have been determined. This technique was applied to eight samples sent to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Forensic Chemistry Center for analysis and the results are compared to those collected using gas chromatography with mass spectral detection (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection (LC-MS).
Critical Role of Reliable Measurement in Regulatory Science
Authors: Dai Susie Y.
Published: April 2023

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) has made prevention the cornerstone of a sustainable food safety system; therefore, a need exists for measurement tools to effectively monitor food for safety and quality. A preventive program requires reliable testing of all food products to ascertain the necessary protective steps to safeguard the food chain. Accordingly, the monitoring and surveillance systems need to be backed up by an effective, accurate, and task-specific measurement system. Metrology has highlighted two important features for reliable measurement, namely traceability and uncertainty. Fit-for-purpose analytical data are critical for regulatory decisions. Implementation and enforcement of regulations and standards require timely and reliable testing results. Regulatory risk managers recognize the important role of sound measurement in facilitating compliance and implementing enforcement actions. A critical feature in the use of analytical data for regulatory actions is scientific defensibility. The focus of this issue is metrology: the study of validated methods, performance standards, and efficient contaminant identification strategies, the cornerstones of scientifically defensible regulatory science.
Accessory Dwelling Units and Incremental Urbanism: Becoming 'Urban' or just 'Intensive Suburban'?
Authors: Troy Laurence , Van Den Nouwelant Ryan
Published: April 2023

As suburban environments are increasingly brought into the purview of urban planning, there is an emerging narrative of the importance of 'incremental urbanism' (Pinnegar et al., 2015). For some (Dovey, 2014) this presents an opportunity for a gentler approach to catalyse change in
neighbourhoods with established communities and fragmented ownership patterns. Such change is hoped to overcome the perceived shortcomings of car dependency and housing homogeneity that typifies established suburbs. The Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) has entered the policy lexicon as an incremental
pathway – or blending – from pre-existing suburban environments, where the 'sub' dissipates to leave just 'urban'. This paper presents an analysis of ADUs in Sydney, Australia, where we identify a series of challenges created by the introduction of policies to encourage ADUs in
established suburbs. This includes increasing tenure informality and precarity, poor suitability of neighbourhoods for diverse people and households, and increased dependence on shared amenity. We argue that in the absence of any major effort to improve services and infrastructure, there is
little evidence that neighbourhoods experiencing a high take-up of ADUs are transitioning to becoming more 'urban'. The fetishization of density in urban policy and development is leading to more 'intensive suburban' blendscapes that encapsulate the worst elements of both suburban and urban
morphologies.
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİMDE ÖĞRENCİLİK STATÜSÜ KARŞISINDA İLİŞİĞİ KESİLMİŞ KİŞİNİN STATÜSÜ VE DİSİPLİN REJİMİNDEKİ DURUMU
Authors: DİNÇKOL Hulüsi Alphan
Published: April 2023

Yükseköğretim kurumları ile öğrenci arasındaki ilişkinin sürdürülmesindeki en önemli konulardan birisi öğrenci disiplin rejimidir. Yükseköğretim kurumu içindeki düzenin sağlanabilmesi bakımından öğrencilerin çeşitli kurallara tabi olması zorunludur. Bu bağlamda gelişen öğrenci disiplin rejimi, 2547 sayılı Yükseköğretim Kanunu çatısı altında düzenlenmiştir. Yükseköğretim kurumlarında ilişiği kesilmiş öğrenciler hakkında disiplin soruşturması açılabilmesi kapsamında 2547 sayılı Kanun, 2023 yılında yapılan değişiklik ile bu duruma bir açıklık getirmiştir. Kanunun 54/6-d maddesi kapsamında her ne sebeple olursa olsun ayrılan kişiler hakkında disiplin soruşturmasının açılması, yürütülmesi ve tamamlanması zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Ancak soruşturma sonucu verilecek kararların uygulanması bakımından öğrencilik statüsü devam etmeyen kişilerin durumunun da göz önüne alınarak incelenme yapılması gereği doğmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile ilişik kesme türleri belirlenerek, disiplin soruşturması başlatılan ilişiği kesilmiş öğrenciler hakkında alınacak disiplin cezası kararlarının uygulanabilirliğinin ortaya konulmasına çalışılacaktır. Bu kapsamda ortaya çıkan çeşitli olasılıkların getirdiği hukuki problemlere de çözüm önerileri getirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
An investigation of the factors affecting citizens’ adoption of e-government in Indonesia
Authors: Aswar Khoirul , Julianto Wisnu , Sumardjo Mahendro , Panjaitan Ingrid , Nasir Azwir
Published: April 2023

The citizen acceptance of e-government is widely researched in industrialized nations; however, only a few studies have looked at the adoption of e-government in developing nations, including Indonesia. This study aims to identify the elements influencing Indonesian citizens’ acceptance of electronic governance. The following models are suggested to achieve this purpose: the information system success model (ISSM) and the technology adoption model (TAM). The sample includes 735 respondents in Indonesia; the self-selection convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The findings indicated that perceived usefulness is positively impacted by system quality (β = 0.113; p < 0.05), information quality (β = 0.502; p < 0.05), and service quality (β = 0.285; p < 0.05). Furthermore, considering the TAM model, perceived usefulness (β = 0.762; p < 0.05) has a favorable impact on intentions to use e-government, and intention to use (β = 0.502; p < 0.05) favorably influences user behavior. The findings of this study advance theoretical knowledge by developing and validating an integrated model for the effect of e-government adoption, information quality, system quality, and service quality on perceived usefulness. Risks may be lessened by enhancing the systems and capabilities that enable citizens to use e-government. Additionally, this paper offers various recommendations for improving and promoting e-government in Indonesia.
A produção científica brasileira sobre inovação no setor de defesa
Authors: Borba Gabriela , Eduardo Carlos , Barros Felipe
Published: April 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi mapear o perfil das pesquisas científicas sobre a inovação de defesa no Brasil, destacando os principais periódicos nacionais que acolhem artigos deste cunho. Foram avaliados os periódicos da área de Ciências Políticas, Relações Internacionais e Defesa (Área 39). Metodologicamente, realizou-se um estudo bibliométrico limitado a um período de 1991 a 2020, no qual foram aplicadas as Leis de Lotka, Bradford e Zipf. O resultado apontou que a partir de 2011 houve um crescimento exponencial e sustentável de artigos relacionados às inovações no setor de Defesa. Também se observou que dentre os periódicos da área que mais acolhem os trabalhos relacionados à temática estão aqueles ligados aos programas de pós-graduação das Escolas Militares. Por fim, no conjunto das publicações analisadas, verifica-se um núcleo central de periódicos que, embora não especializados em temas de inovação, acolhem a maior parte dos artigos publicados com este teor.
La modernidad del racismo contrastada con el pensamiento español del siglo XVI
Authors: Blanco Jorge Polo
Published: April 2023

En el presente trabajo se prueba una hipótesis sencilla pero fascinante, a saber, que el racismo es una realidad estrictamente moderna. No encontraremos teorías específicamente racistas antes del siglo XVIII. Pero pretendemos, además, establecer un sugestivo contraste con el pensamiento español del siglo XVI. El objetivo es corroborar un asunto que tal vez causará asombro a más de uno: la verificable circunstancia de que el racismo está ausente en las doctrinas de aquellos juristas, moralistas, teólogos y humanistas (además de primeros etnólogos) de la España imperial del siglo XVI.
La afirmación de la libertad y la necesidad de lo inevitable en el dinamismo de la acción. Análisis de la polaridad entre libertad y necesidad en L’action (1893), de Maurice Blondel
Authors: Pignalitti David
Published: April 2023

Este artículo analiza el problema de la praxis de la libertad en consideración de su opuesto, lo inevitable/necesario. Se propone una superación de las perspectivas unilaterales que presuponen una alternativa entre estos dos fenómenos, acentuando solo uno de ellos como determinante de la acción. Desde un análisis de la filosofía de Maurice Blondel en torno a L’action (de 1893), se ofrece la posibilidad de analizar los fenómenos opuestos desde lo concreto de la praxis como contrarios no contradictorios. Al mismo tiempo, se demuestra la posibilidad de establecer una filosofía de lo concreto que mantenga los vínculos entre opuestos como tensiones polares como alternativa a las corrientes intelectualistas que postulan la contradicción como principio ontológico general.
Pueblo supranacional y pueblo del ser: encuentros y desencuentros políticos en las filosofías de Jaspers y Heidegger
Authors: Michelow Briones Daniel
Published: April 2023

El encuentro entre Heidegger y Jaspers se transformó rapidamente en una profunda amistad. Es debido a esta cercanía que sus pensamientos comparten en muchos casos puntos de partida común, pero también radicales divergencias. Precisamente en torno al fenómeno del pueblo es que esta paradójica relación se vuelve más clara. El pueblo supranacional y el pueblo del ser son, como defiendo en el presente trabajo, dos sentidos irreconciliables de la comprensión de la comunidad.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of a Positive Solution to a Boundary Value Problem for One Nonlinear Functional - Differential Equation of Even Order
Authors:   Dagestan State University (DSU), Abduragimov Gusen Elderkhanovich
Published: April 2023

In this article, we consider a two-point boundary value problem for one nonlinear functional differential equation of even order with strong non-linearity on segment [0,1] with homogeneous boundary conditions. With the use of special topological means, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution to the problem under consideration. Existence of a positive solution proved using the well-known Krasnoselsky theorem on a fixed point in a cone, uniqueness is respectively established using the contraction mapping principle. A non-trivial example is given, illustrating the fulfillment of sufficient conditions unique solvability of the problem.
Assessment of TRMM rainfall data for flood modelling in three contrasting catchments in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suroso Suroso , Santoso Purwanto Bekti , Birkinshaw Stephen , Kilsby Chris , Bardossy Andras , Aldrian Edvin
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the use of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission's (TRMM) rainfall data for predicting water flows and flood events in three catchments on the island of Java, Indonesia, namely, Ciliwung, Citarum and Bengawan Solo. The Shetran model was used for rainfall-runoff simulations, with rainfall input obtained from measured rain gauges (hourly and daily) and TRMM (3-hourly and daily). The daily Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values for the model calibration period were 0.75, 0.70 and 0.85 using rain gauge data and 0.44, 0.44 and 0.75 using the TRMM rainfall data. For the validation period, the NSE values were 0.71, 0.62 and 0.89 using rain gauge data and 0.26, 0.61 and 0.58 for the TRMM data. The Critical Success Index for predicting flooding events was improved using rain gauge data compared to using TRMM data. The results demonstrate that rain gauge data are systematically superior to TRMM rainfall data when used for simulating discharges and predicting flooding events. These findings suggest that rain gauge data are preferred for flood early warning systems in tropical rainfall regimes and that if TRMM or similar satellite rainfall data are used, the evaluated flood risks should be treated with extreme caution.
Artificial intelligence for decentralized water systems: A smart planning agent based on reinforcement learning for off-grid camp water infrastructures
Authors: Makropoulos Christos , Bouziotas Dimitrios
Published: April 2023

The planning and management of decentralized technologies in water systems is one of the promising, yet overlooked, domains where artificial intelligence (AI) can be successfully applied. In this study, we develop and deploy a reinforcement learning (RL)-based ‘smart planning agent’ capable of designing alternative decentralized water systems under demanding operational contexts. The agent's aim is to identify optimal water infrastructure configurations (i.e., proposed decisions on water management options and interventions) for different conditions with regard to climate, occupancy and water technology availability in a demanding, off-grid setting, i.e., a water system with high requirements of independence from centralized infrastructure. The agent is coupled with a source-to-tap water cycle simulation model capable of assessing and stress-testing the proposed configurations under different conditions. The approach is demonstrated in the case of a military camp deployed abroad for peacekeeping operations. The agent is tasked with selecting optimal interventions from an array of real-world camp water management technologies and evaluating their efficiency under highly variable, operational conditions explored through simulation. The results show that RL can be a useful addition to the arsenal of decision support systems (DSS) for distributed water system planning and management, especially under challenging, highly variable conditions.
Periplaneta americana(Blattodea: Blattidae) fungal pathogens in hospital sewer systems: molecular and phylogenetic approaches
Authors: Madani Mahboobeh , Safari Fatemeh , Khodabandeh Maryam , Izadi Shahrokh , Zahraei-Ramazani Alireza
Published: April 2023

Cockroaches are known as mechanical vectors of some pathogens that can infect humans. The present study aims to rapidly identify Periplaneta americana fungal pathogens from sewer systems of public hospitals in Esfahan using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A total of 55 P. americana cockroaches were randomly collected by direct trapping from sewer systems of seven hospitals and screened for fungal infectious agents using standard morphological methods and the PCR sequencing. From the American cockroach, we isolated 62 yeasts and 31 molds from the surface, hemocoel, and digestive tract of P. americana. Based on DNA sequence comparisons and other taxonomic characteristics, they were identified as more than four species of yeast and four species of mold. Yeast species including Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida glabrata, Pichia kluyveri, and Candida viswanathii, and molds such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Mucor plumbeus, and Rhizopus oryzae were isolated repeatedly from the surface, hemocoel, and digestive tract of P. americana. Our results show that the use of a combination of morphological, molecular techniques, and phylogenetic analysis can lead to the identification of pathogenic fungal agents in American cockroaches and also knowledge of fungal pathogens-arthropod host relationships.
New Generation Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Singh Raghuraj , Jadhav Krishna , Vaghasiya Kalpesh , Ray Eupa , Shukla Rahul , Verma Rahul Kumar
Published: April 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease
characterized by chronic synovitis, synovial proliferation, and cellular infiltration. Further, it leads to bone
erosion, destruction of articular cartilage, intense joint pain, swelling, and a high rate of disability, causing an
immense load on human health. If the disease is identified early on, and the patient has continuous and timely
treatment, many patients can achieve remission. Although research in RA has made considerable progress, conventional
therapies are still the most popular treatment options for most people with RA. But, conventional therapies
are hampered by various drawbacks, including higher doses, low solubility and permeability, poor bioavailability,
a high level of first-pass metabolism, adaptive treatment tolerance (ATT), and long-term drug use. These
drawbacks can result in severe side effects and drug toxicity in patients. Advances in polymer science and
the application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems have provided new possibilities in the treatment of
RA by developing new-generation smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs). The shortcomings of non-specific
drug distribution and uncontrollable drug release by traditional delivery systems have motivated the creation of
next-generation SDDSs. These new smart drug delivery treatment methods have significantly changed the
course of RA. Such systems can improve drug delivery by virtue of their multi-functionality and targeting capabilities.
The ultimate objective of next-generation SDDSs is to deliver medication at the optimal time with precise
dosage and efficiency and specificity to the targeted site (such as cells, tissues, and organs), which can aid
patients to adhere better to their therapy. This review highlights and discusses the various next-generation
SDDSs along with the conventional treatment options available for RA management.
Emerging Strategies to Combat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA): Natural Agents with High Potential
Authors: Ueda Jonata M. , Milho Catarina , A. Heleno Sandrina , Soria-Lopez Anton , Carpena Maria , Alves Maria J. , Pires Tânia , Prieto Miguel A. , Simal-Gandara Jesus , C. Calhelha Ricardo , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Barros Lillian
Published: April 2023

Infectious diseases have always been a concern for human health, responsible for numerous pandemics
throughout history. Even with the advancement of medicine, new infectious diseases have been discovered
over the years, requiring constant effort in medical research to avoid future problems. Like the emergence of
new diseases, the increase in resistance of certain bacterial strains also becomes a concern, carried out through
the misuse of antibiotics, generating the adaptation of certain microorganisms. Worldwide, the resistance developed
by several bacterial strains is growing exponentially, creating awareness and developing novel strategies
to control their evolution a mandatory research topic. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
is an example of a bacterial strain that causes serious and mortal infections. The fact is that this bacterial strain
started to develop resistance against commonly used antibiotics, first to penicillin and against methicillin. Thus,
the treatment against infections caused by MRSA is limited and difficult due to its capacity to develop defense
mechanisms against the antibiotic's action. Given the urgency to find new alternatives, the scientific community
has been developing interesting research regarding the exploitation of natural resources to discover bioactive
molecules that are able to inhibit/kill MRSA. In this sense, several natural matrices, namely plants, have shown
great potential against MRSA, due to the presence of phenolic compounds, molecules with high antimicrobial
capacity due to their chemical structure and arrangement.
HDL-Chitosan Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery as an SR-B1 Receptor
Targeted System
Authors: Masimov Rasim , Büyükköroğlu Gülay
Published: April 2023

Aims:

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is a complex structure unique to the human body. ApoA-1 protein is a significant structural/functional protein of HDL and provides a natural interaction with the SR-B1 receptors on the cell membrane. The overexpression of the SR-B1 receptor in the membrane of malignant cells suggests that targeting cancer cells can be possible using HDL. The objective of this study was to prepare HDL-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles containing a genetic material that can be used for liver cancer.

Methods:

HDL used in the preparation of the formulations have been obtained by isolating from blood samples taken from healthy volunteers. Bcl-2 siRNA inhibiting BCL-2 oncogene was selected as the genetic material. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method utilizing low molecular weight chitosan. Physicochemical properties of formulations, transfection efficacy, and cytotoxicity of them on 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines were examined.

Results:

The average diameters of the selected formulations were below 250 nm with a positive zeta potential value between +36 ± 0.1 and +34 ± 0.5 mV. All formulations protected Bcl-2 siRNA from enzymatic degradation in the presence of serum. Cellular uptake ratios of particles by HepG2 cells were found to be between 76% and 98%. HDL/chitosan nanoparticles/Bcl-2 siRNA complex was found to be more toxic when compared to chitosan nanoparticles/Bcl-2 siRNA complex and naked Bcl-2 siRNA.

Conclusion:

According to attained results, the HDL-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles can bring advantages for targeted siRNA delivery to malignant cells that overexpress SR-B1 receptors, such as HepG2.
Research Progress of Epigenetic Modification on the Regulation of Transporters
Under Hypoxia
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhao Yilan , Mu Hongfang , Zhao Anpeng , Feng Shilan
Published: April 2023

Epigenetic modification refers to the heritable changes caused by chromosomal changes without changing
the DNA sequence. Epigenetics runs through the entire growth and differentiation process of the body, which causes
varied diseases. Hypoxia is a physiological astate of lowered partial oxygen partial pressure that affects cell and
tissue function. Transporters are proteins that maintain a normal and stable state of cells. Transporter's expression
levels when hypoxia occurs influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, thereby affecting
the utilization and efficacy of drugs. Epigenetic modification is assumed to play an important role in the metabolism
of drugs. Changes in epigenetic modification and transporter expression levels under hypoxia are explored in
our work, and the effect of epigenetic modification on transporter expression and how this regulatory mechanism
works and affects drugs under hypoxia are questioned. It is important for drug development, treatment of diseases
and rational use of drugs.
Application of Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Endocrine and
Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Xie Yuping , Fu Ting , Shi Chengji , Bai Long , Liu Lin , Xiao Jingang
Published: April 2023

Endocrine and metabolic diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases globally, posing the greatest
hazard to human health. Although various medications are applied in treating endocrine and metabolic illnesses,
numerous obstacles exist to overcome. Nucleic acid nanomaterials are novel materials synthesized and engineered in
the laboratory. In this case, Nucleic acids are employed as non-biological nanomaterials instead of serving as carriers
of genetic information in live cells. Because of their high biocompatibility and editability, nucleic acid nanomaterials
were frequently employed in disease diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent developments and new viewpoints
on nucleic acid nanomaterials are highlighted in the fields of diabetes mellitus and other endocrine and metabolic
diseases.
Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics on Oral Health: A Systematic Review of
Clinical Trials
Authors: Navidifar Tahereh , Mahdizade Ari Marzie , Alipourkermani Asma , Afifirad Roghayeh , Asadollahi Parisa , Veisi Ali , Ghanavati Roya , Darbandi Atieh
Published: April 2023

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to review the clinical efficacy of probiotics for
oral health in randomized controlled trials.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to review the clinical efficacy of probiotics for oral
health in randomized controlled trials.

Methods:

An electronic search was conducted in December 2021 in Embase, Medline, The
Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “mouthwash” and
“probiotics”. The titles and abstracts of 3,775 articles were screened and 24 publications that fulfilled
the inclusion criteria were included.

Results:

A total of 24 clinical trials were reviewed, including 1612 participants receiving either
probiotics or mouth treatments. The results of this review indicated that individuals receiving probiotic
products have a significant reduction (65% reduction; p < 0.05) in the count of Streptococcus
mutants in their mouths. It was also found that probiotic products were more effective or equal
in effect compared to chlorhexidine in reducing oral pathogens, gingival index, and plaque index
scores. On the other hand, the consumption of xylitol mouthwash was shown to cause an improvement
in salivary parameters. Considering their safety and effectiveness, the use of probiotic
products, such as kefir and mouthwashes, has been recommended against cariogenic bacteria and
periodontal diseases.

Conclusion:

Probiotics are considered a safe alternative to conventional therapies, such as chlorhexidine
and fluoride. Co-administration of chlorhexidine, fluoride, and probiotics seems to be a
perfect package.
Potential role of Nigella Sativa and its Constituent (Thymoquinone) in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Azami Shakiba , Forouzanfar Fatemeh
Published: April 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of global mortality, which puts great demands on health systems and social welfare. Ischemic stroke is a complex pathological process involving a series of mechanisms such as ROS accumulation, Ca2+ overload, inflammation, and apoptosis. The lack of effective and widely applicable pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke patients has led scientists to find new treatments. The use of herbal medicine, as an alternative or complementary therapy, is increasing worldwide. For centuries, our ancestors had known the remedial nature of Nigella sativa (Family Ranunculaceae) and used it in various ways, either as medicine or as food. Nowadays, N. sativa is generally utilized as a therapeutic plant all over the world. Most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are attributed to the presence of thymoquinone which is the major biological component of the essential oil. The present review describes the pharmacotherapeutic potential of N. sativa in ischemic stroke that has been carried out by various researchers. Existing literature highlights the protective effects of N. sativa as well as thymoquinone in ischemia stroke via different mechanisms including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, neuroprotective, and vascular protective effects. These properties make N. sativa and thymoquinone promising candidates for developing potential agents for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
Engineered Clay-Polymer Composite for Biomedical Drug Delivery and
Future Challenges: A Survey
Authors: Swain Rakesh , Nandi Souvik , Mohapatra Sujata , Mallick Subrata
Published: April 2023

Clay materials are widely used in drug delivery systems due to their unique characteristics.
Montmorillonite is a major component of bentonite and it has a large surface area, better swelling capacity,
and high adsorption capacity. The modification of natural bentonite could improve its sorption
ability for new emerging applications. Recent advancements in the polymer-silicate composite have
novel biomedical applications in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy,
enzyme immobilization, diagnostic and therapeutic devices, etc. Perspective view of the montmorillonite-
polymer composite as a pharmaceutical carrier in drug delivery systems has been discussed in this
review. Different types of modification of montmorillonite for the development of pharmaceutical formulations
have also been documented. Many challenges in clay nanocomposite systems of polymer of
natural/synthetic origin are yet to be explored in improving antimicrobial properties, mechanical
strength, stimuli responsiveness, resistance to hydrolysis, etc. Drug interaction and binding capability,
swelling of clay may be carried out for finding possible applications in monitoring delivery systems.
Pharmaceutical properties of active drugs in the formulation could also be improved along with dissolution
rate, solubility, and adsorption. The clay-incorporated polymeric drug delivery systems may be
examined for a possible increase in swelling capacity and residence time after mucosal administration.
Bed Bug Infestation: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon , Hon Kam Lun
Published: April 2023

In the past decade, there has been a global resurgence of bed bug infestations, especially in developed countries. Proper awareness and identification of bed bug infestations are essential to guide treatment and eradication. The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with bed bug bites so that they can effectively diagnose, treat, and address questions about bed bug bites and infestations. Bed bug bites are often painless. Typical reactions include pruritic, erythematous maculopapules occurring in clusters or in a linear or curvilinear distribution in exposed areas of the body. A small red punctum may be visualized at the center of the bite mark. Lesions that appear three in a row and papules on the upper eyelid associated with erythema and edema are highly suggestive of bites from bed bugs. Exaggerated local reactions such as vesicles, urticarial wheals, urticarial perilesional plaques, diffuse urticaria, bullae, and nodules may occur in previously sensitized individuals. Reactions to bed bug bites are self-limited. As such, treatment is mainly symptomatic. Topical pramoxine and oral antihistamines can be used to alleviate pruritus. Topical corticosteroids can be used for significant eruptions to control inflammation and pruritus, and to hasten resolution of the lesions. Integrated pest management, an approach for the eradication of bed bugs, includes monitoring devices (active monitors include the use of heat or carbon dioxide attractants and passive monitors include the use of sticky pads for trapping), and judicious use of nonchemical and chemical treatments known to be effective. Nonchemical interventions include keeping affected areas clean and free of clutter, vacuuming, washing linens with hot water, caulking wall holes and cracks where bugs can hide, proper disposal of highly infested items, and placement of bed bug traps/interceptors at the base of beds and furniture. Chemical interventions involve the use of insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids, silicates, insect growth disruptors, carbamates, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, diethyl-meta-toluamide, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and plant essential oils. Insecticides should be used with caution to prevent over-exposure and toxicity (in particular, cardiovascular and neurologic toxicity), especially if there are young children around. It is important to note that multiple mechanisms of insecticide resistance exist and as such, chemical treatment should only be undertaken by trained professionals who understand the current literature on resistance. Both nonchemical and chemical technologies should be combined for optimal results.

:

Bed bug infestations may cause diverse dermal reactions, stigmatization, poor self-esteem, emotional stress, anxiety, significant adverse effect on quality of life, and substantial socioeconomic burden to society. As such, their rapid detection and eradication are of paramount importance. Consultation with a professional exterminator is recommended to fully eradicate an infestation.
Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients: Τhe Role of Advanced Glycation
End Products
Authors: Peppa Μelpomeni , Manta Aspasia
Published: April 2023

Sexual dysfunction is a common but underestimated disorder of diabetic patients of both genders, entailing specific and complex pathogenesis and severely affecting reproductive health and quality of life. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, aging, and psychological factors underlie its pathogenesis. A large body of evidence indicates that advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress have a distinct impact on the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, including hypogonadism, which is closely related to sexual dysfunction. Advanced glycation end products seem to affect sexual function either directly by accumulation in various regions of the reproductive system and/or correlation or indirectly through oxidative stress induction via several mechanisms. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, which are related to sexual dysfunction. Herein, we review the issue of sexual dysfunction in diabetic males and females, with special emphasis on the impact of advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction, the relationship of advanced glycation end products with low testosterone levels in diabetic subjects, which account for the proportion of disorder and the available therapeutic interventions.
Assessment of Thyroid Function in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in
Kunming, China: A Case-control Study
Authors: He Fang , Li Fayou , Zuo Dachen , Ma Sha , Chen Yang , Ying Jihui , Zhu Lixuan
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, the study aimed to elucidate the correlation of hypothyroidism with RA activity and to investigate the relationship between RA and thyroid dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 314 patients were categorized into two groups according to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level: RA without hypothyroidism and RA with hypothyroidism. All patients underwent routine laboratory investigation, including thyroid function testing, and complete clinical assessment. These included the determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate as well as the level of TSH, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine level, total thyroxine level, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin (RF-Ig), RF-IgA, RF-IgG, RF-IgM, cyclic citrullinated peptide immunoglobulin G (CCP IgG), complement component 3, and complement component 4. Based on these data, thyroid function, and rheumatoid factor levels were analyzed.

Results and Discussion:

Curve estimation using linear regression revealed that CCP Ig level was significantly correlated with the TSH level (r=0.122, P=0.031).

Conclusion:

TSH level may be used as an auxiliary test to assess disease severity in patients with RA and to evaluate thyroid function. This evaluation parameter may be considered for determining clinical prognosis in patients with RA.
Calcific Tendinopathy Atypically Located Outside the Rotator Cuff: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Delbello Federica , Spinnato Paolo , Aparisi Gomez Maria Pilar
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose:

Calcific tendinopathy is a common cause of painful shoulder easily identified with ultrasound or conventional radiography. Although the rotator
cuff is by far the most common location of the disease and diagnostic or treatment strategies are well known in clinical practice, a lack of
awareness characterizes the assessment of the other sites affected by this condition; consequently, the risk of underestimating the prevalence of
atypical non-rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy is high. This may lead to expensive or invasive diagnostic exams and/or inappropriate treatment,
whereas the condition is usually self-limited.

:

The present study aims at analysing the frequency of calcific tendinitis in uncommon sites, in order to fill a gap in knowledge and awareness
regarding non-rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, thus avoiding improper clinical choices and helping to identify this condition.

Methods:

This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a search on Pubmed and Scopus databases concerning
atypically sited extra-rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy published since 1950.

Results:

The research found a total of 267 articles and 793 non-rotator cuff cases of calcific tendinopathy registered. The spine (213 – 26.86%), foot and
ankle (191 – 23.95%), and hip (175 – 22.06%) appeared to be the most common sites of calcific tendinopathy after the rotator cuff, whereas the
longus colli C1-C2 (204 – 25.72%), Achilles (173 – 21.81%), and rectus femori (61 – 7.69%) were the most commonly affected tendons.

Conclusion:

A better awareness of this condition in several different sites of the body than the rotator cuff could avoid unnecessary choices both in assessment
and treatment.
Computer-aided Diagnosis and Analysis of Skin Cancer from Dermoscopic
Images in India
Authors: Brar Khushmeen Kaur , Shiney O. Jeba
Published: April 2023

Background:

Researchers have made several advancements in this field, including automatic segmentation techniques, computer-aided diagnosis, mobile-based
technology, deep learning methods, hybrid methods etc. All these techniques are beneficial in diagnosing melanoma or segregating skin lesions
into different categories.

Aim:

This paper aims to define different types of skin cancers, diagnosis procedures and statistics. This paper presents skin cancer statistics over a period
of time in India. The increment in the number of skin carcinoma and melanoma cases from 1990 to 2020 as well as the mortality rates, has been
presented in this paper. Also, this paper provides a review of different technologies used by researchers in detecting melanoma.

Conclusion:

The rise in the number of cases by 2040 and mortality rates are compared. The statistics that are used in this paper are as per hospital-based cancer
registries (HBCR) 2021 prepared by the Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru
(ICMR-NCDIR) and from World Health Organization (WHO).
Survey on Multi-omics, and Multi-omics Data Analysis, Integration and
Application
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: April 2023

Multi-omics approaches have developed as a profitable technique for plant systems, a
popular method in medical and biological sciences underlining the necessity to outline new integrative
technology and functions to facilitate the multi-scale depiction of biological systems. Understanding
a biological system through various omics layers reveals supplementary sources of
variability and probably inferring the sequence of cases leading to a definitive process. Manuscripts
and reviews were searched on PubMed with the keywords of multi-omics, data analysis,
omics, data analysis, data integration, deep learning multi-omics, and multi-omics integration. Articles
that were published after 2010 were prioritized. The authors focused mainly on popular
publications developing new approaches. Omics reveal interesting tools to produce behavioral
and interactions data in microbial communities, and integrating omics details into microbial risk
assessment will have an impact on food safety, and also on relevant spoilage control procedures.
Omics datasets, comprehensively characterizing biological cases at a molecular level, are continually
increasing in both dimensionality and complexity. Multi-omics data analysis is appropriate
for treatment optimization, molecular testing and disease prognosis, and to achieve mechanistic
understandings of diseases. New effective solutions for multi-omics data analysis together with
well-designed components are recommended for many trials. The goal of this mini-review article
is to introduce multi-omics technologies considering different multi-omics analyses.
Hybrid Organic Polymer/Inorganic Nano-materials for Biomedical Applications: Where we are and Where to go?
Authors: Massironi Alessio
Published: April 2023

Hybrid functional materials, composed of inorganic and organic components, are considered
versatile platforms whose applications in electronics, optics, mechanics, energy storage, informatics,
catalysis, sensors, and medicine field have represented a breakthrough for human well-being.
Among hybrid materials, micro/nanostructured hybrid colloidal systems have been widely investigated
due to the dramatic enhancement of activity provided by the large surface area exposed at the
interfaces with respect to the bulk counterpart. Recently, a growing interest has been in the exploration
of novel environmental-friendly and versatile procedures that allow the formulation of hybrid
nanostructures through safety procedures and mild experimental conditions. This review aims to
provide an introduction to hybrid organic-inorganic materials for biomedical applications in particular
nanostructured ones, describing the commonly exploited materials for their fabrication and techniques,
advantages, and drawbacks.
Effect of Apigenin on Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Gaur Kajal , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: April 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are the most frequent
age-related illnesses affecting millions worldwide. No effective medication for NDDs is known
to date and current disease management approaches include neuroprotection strategies with the hope
of maintaining and improving the function of neurons. Such strategies will not provide a cure on their
own but are likely to delay disease progression by reducing the production of neurotoxic chemicals
such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related inflammatory chemicals. Natural compounds such
as flavonoids that provide neuroprotection via numerous mechanisms have attracted much attention in
recent years. This review discusses evidence from different research models and clinical trials on the
therapeutic potential of one promising flavonoid, apigenin, and how it can be helpful for NDDs in the
future prospects. We have also discussed its chemistry, mechanism of action, and possible benefits in
various examples of NDDs.
A Review of the Research on Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator and
Characteristics with Improvement Methods
Authors: LI Jianying , Li Weidong , Liang Heng , Kong Lingbing
Published: April 2023

The electro-hydraulic load simulator is a semi-physical simulation system. It is used to
simulate different loads on the bearing capacity object (steering gear system) under working conditions
and further test the dynamic and static characteristics of the bearing capacity object. Therefore,
it is widely used in important applications such as the simulation of various loads and the development
of high-performance steering gear systems. By analyzing and discussing the electro-hydraulic
load simulator equipment and its improvement methods, some useful conclusions have been drawn
to predict the development of the electro-hydraulic load simulator and its key technologies. The
current status of research on electro-hydraulic load simulator prototypes is discussed in depth.
The electro-hydraulic load simulators are classified according to the loading system applying
force (torque). The improvement methods of the electro-hydraulic load simulator, including the
method of suppressing the extraneous force, the compensation method of nonlinear factors, and
the method of establishing the mathematical model, are analyzed and summarized. By summarizing
the literature and patents on electro-hydraulic load simulation technology, the principle, and
characteristics of different equipment and improvement methods are analyzed and compared, and
future development of electro-hydraulic load simulation equipment and technology is discussed.
The research on the characteristics of the prototype, the hardware means and control strategy to
suppress the extraneous force, the compensation of nonlinear factors, and the methods of establishing
the mathematical model are beneficial to improve the loading accuracy of the electro-hydraulic
load simulator.