bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Beirut, 1990
Authors: Chekaibe Natalie
Published: March 2020

Although, universally, the most visible change in the economic status of women during the second half of the twentieth century has been the increase in their participation in the labor market, the Arab region is still characterized by very low female economic participation.
The Role of Women in 19th Century Mount Lebanon
Authors: Awar Nada
Published: March 2020

Nineteenth Century Mount Lebanon consisted of an agricultural village society. Communication between the villages was difficult because connecting roads were very narrow. unpaved and in primitive condition. Donkeys were the popular means of transportation. The donkey driver. Mkari, acted as a means for communication and a post-man between the villages. People who could not afford the Mkari's fees or who did not own a donkey walked from one village to another whenever neccessary.
The Fourth Interdisciplinary Congress on Women
Authors: Faffler Irene
Published: March 2020

Over 2,000 delegates from 104 countries answered the Roll-Call in the Hunter College auditorium, led by Keynote speaker Jeanetta Cole, President of Spellman College. Beginning with Algeria and Argentina, down the alphabet she went and delegates rose to their feet to proudly represent their countries. It was an emotional moment for me as I stood to represent Lebanon.
Iraqi Women Preserve Gains Despite Wartime Problems
Authors: Laurenz Andrea
Published: March 2020

Despite the pull of conservative tradition and the nation's goal, since the war with Iran, Iraqi women today have more economic and social opportunities than women in most other Arab countries. It can also be argued that Iraqi women have more opportunities and legal rights than women in many Western countries.
Doriyah Aaouni
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Doriyah Aaouni is an Egyptian journalist. She has been writing in the Egyptian and Arab Press since the fifties.
Saudi Arabians Talents
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Designers: Two Saudi Arabian sisters, Hamida and Nadia Alireza , and Hamida's daughter , NaJa Alireza. Main Workshop: Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
Where Woman Work Is Needed
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

There are groups of women whose members lead a secluded life , away from noise and publicity. They spend part · of their time in prayers, devotion and missionary work; and the rest of the time in profitable occupations, which allow them to earn a living. They are the nuns and sisters who belong to the various religious orders in Lebanon .
World News
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Miscellaneous news aout feminism from around the world.
Women and the Media in Developed Countries
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In the developed countries of America and Europe, women's involvement in the Media constitute a wide topic. Information about it is widely disseminated within Western countries and abroad; in this capacity it becomes accessible to women of developing countries.
Lana Kocharian Adrouni: Film Director
Authors: Simonian Azadouhi
Published: March 2020

Lana Kocharian Adrouni is a professional in the theatre who has rendered invaluable service to the Lebanese Armenian Youth and public over the past ten years. We admire her dedication to the theatre through which she has made a remarkable contribution towards the enrichment of the cultural life of our community.
Women and Development
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute of Social Studies (ISS) is offering a degree in Master of Arts Development Studies from 5.9.88 to 16.12.89 at the Hague in the Netherlands.
The National Social Science Documentation Center
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The National Social Science Documentation Center
The Arab Family and The Challenge of Social Transformation
Authors: Barakat Halim
Published: March 2020

This article is a summary of an essay by Halim Barakat in which he discusses the challenges confronting the Arab family.
IWSAW in Kuwait
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Under the sponsorship of the Kuwait Society for the Advancement of Arab Children , the Ministry of Education and the Directorate of Libraries in Kuwait, the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World held training sessions and workshops for children's libraries in Kuwait (February 17 - 21 , 1986).
The Changing Roles of Arab Women in Bahrain
Authors: Fordyce James , Rhadi Layla , Van Arsdol Maurice D. , Deming Mary Beard
Published: March 2020

In Bahrain, emancipation of Bahraini women has been coming about in response to economic requirements. Labor force growth in Bahrain has been discussed in the following excerpt taken from a recently published book, Bahrain and the Gulf.
Bahraini Women and Education
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Statistics about education in the Gulf region tell us that the first school for girls was opened in 1928 in the State of Bahrain.
Bahrain: Facts and Figures
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Bahrain: Facts and Figures
The Right to Vote
Authors: Arasoghli Aida
Published: March 2020

Kuwait, the only Gulf Arab country with an elected National Assembly, still denies women their right to vote and be elected. The Kuwaiti constitution was promulgated in 1962, and legislative elections started in 1963.
Saudi Women and Work
Authors: Arasoghli Aida
Published: March 2020

The evolution and development of the economy in Saudi Arabia have produced new employment opportunities and have stimulated an increase in the awareness regarding the potential of women.
Daisy Al-Ameer
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Half Iraqi - half Lebanese (on her mother's side), writer Daisy al-Ameer symbolizes the woman who has taken the best of what the Arab World and the Western World has to offer women.
Fathia Mzali, Minister of the Family and the Promotion of Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Fathia Mokhtar Mzali is the Minister for the Family and the Promotion of Women in the Tunisian government since November 1983 .
Reviewing The Decade For Women In Arab Countries
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

The Decade 1975 - 1985 has been in the Arab World a period of tension and turmoil, following the 1967 disaster and the 1973 war.
Lettre a une Jeune Consoeur
Authors: Gebeyli Claire
Published: March 2020

For this first issue of Open Forum, we have asked well-known poet and journalist Claire Gebeyli (see AI-Raida, Nov. 1, 1983, p. 5) to write a piece of advice to a youPg womanjournalist. Claire's language is so beautifully poetic that it would have been an injustice to translate it into English.
Social Affairs Activities in Bahrain
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The last issue AI-Nashra al-Dawriyya, a quarterly published by the Unit of Social Research in the Ministry of Social Affairs in Bahrain, reports on social activities performed in that country during the first quarter of 1983, particularly those connected with the Directorate of Social Affairs.
Family-Kin Relationships in Contemporary Kuwait Society
Authors: Al-Thakeb Dr. Fahed
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a Ql1riv conducte d by Dr. Fahed Thakeb AI-Thakeb, publi shed in Arabic in the Annals of the Faculty of Arts, Kuwait University, Vol. 3, 1982.
The New Saudi Woman: Modernizing in an Islamic Framework
Authors: Bahry Lou'ay
Published: March 2020

Abridgement of an article written by Lou'ay Bahry, published in The Middle East Journal, vol. 36, no. 4, Autumn 1982, pp. 502-515.
Should we Lose Faith in Man?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The spreading wave of violence and terrorism, culminating in the threat of a nuclear war, has led many people to lose faith in man and predict the forthcoming extermination of the human race.
What Can Women Do for Peace?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

As socialist women, we are especially engaged for a peaceful world, not because we are of a more peaceful nature than men but because of our own struggle for liberation arising from our special disadvantages in society.
Emily Nasrallah, a pioneer journalist and novelist
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In the early twentieth century, women's interest in journalism was shown in two ways: contributing articles to papers and magazines and founding women's magazines In the three countries of early Arab Awakening: Lebanon, Egypt and Syria.
A Training Workshop on organization of, and participation in Meetings
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A training workshop on the organization of and participation in meetings took place at Abu-Dhabi, 18-25 November 1981 .
Promoting Women's Economic Activity In Lebanon And Other Arab Countries
Authors: Zurayk Dr. Huda
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a lecture given by Dr. Huda Zurayk at the SecondNational Conference for Demographic Policies, organized bythe Lebanon Family Planning Association, 1-3 April 1982. Seeelsewhere in this issue.
Tunisian Women's Access to Salaried Work
Authors: Baffoun Ayla
Published: March 2020

Abstract of an article prepared in French by Alya Baffoun, fromTunis University published in "Femmes et Multinationales»,edited by Andree Michel et. al. Editions Kathala, Paris 1981 ,pp. 227-243.
Mehranguise Irani relates her experience with Art at BUC
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Founded in 1950, the Art Department at BUC (Beirut University COllege) , went through a steady development which was inline with the progress of the art movement in Lebanon.
Ninth Conference Of The Committee For The Lebanese Woman's Rights
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Held in Beirut, 5-8 March 1981, the Ninth Conference of the Committee for the Lebanese Woman's Rights opened its session with reports from the delegates about the members' social, political, economic and national activities since themeeting of the 8th Conference of 1978.
Women in Mauritania
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

This study is part of a series of publications on «Women in Development», prepared for: Office of Women in Development and USAID/MAURITANIA, by Melinda Smale, Office of International Cooperation and Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October 1980.
Seminar of Arab Women Journalists
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Seminar of Arab Women Journalists held in Beirut, February 3-8, 1981 at the Riviera Hotel, grouped about 40 participants from Lebanon and other Arab countries.
Services Rendered to the Disabled in the ECWA Region
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Services Rendered to the Disabled in the ECWA Region
UNESCO Conference in Beirut
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Sponsored by the Regional Office for Education in the Arab states, a Seminar for women leaders responsible for the training of rural Arab women, was held at the UNESCOCenter, Sports City Avenue, Beirut, 28 October - 7 November 1980.
What is wrong with our family traditions?
Authors: Saleeby Dr. Shaheen
Published: March 2020

The following paragraphs, which reveal certain aspects of family life in the Arab World, have been quoted from books dealing with social problems in this part of the world.
Erez Crossing
Authors: Siegrist Saudamini
Published: March 2020

Pigeons nest in iron rafters above the crossing,building a resting place with stubblecollected from bulldozed fields of olive,roadside weed and tufts of grass,from feathers shed when they make loveand their wings beat against corrugated air.Below them is the corridor of Erez, at gunpoint,a theatre of concrete block, metal and steel wirecoiled and twisted onto spikes and stakes,marking the passage.
Personal Status Laws in Arab Countries
Authors: Abu Nasr Julinda
Published: March 2020

The Status of Women in Arab Laws in the Light of the U.N. International Conventions is the title of a book of over 600 pages, written in both Arabic and English and issued at the Seminar held by the National Council of Lebanese Women, Beirut, 1974.
Abortion in Egypt
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Condensed from an article on this topic, published in Arabic and summarized in English, in Population Studies", a quarterlypublished in both languages by the Supreme Council forPopulation and Family Planning, Cairo, Egypt, no. 49, April-June 1979. The author of the article is Nadia Halim Suliman, senior expert at the National Social and Criminological Center for Research .
The Effect of Wives Employment on the Dynamics of the Lebanese Family
Authors: Haidar Hanan
Published: March 2020

In Leba ncn, as in other developing countries, the female activity rate is increasing. The participation of women in economic production has been reported to be 17% of the total labor force. (ECWA, 1978). Although this rate is small compared to western nations, it is probably the highest in the Arab World .
Picasso's Weeping Woman
Authors: Siegrist Saudamini
Published: March 2020

The sound of a key, my door opensand there, wearing that same red haton her black rooted hair,is the weeping woman.
Women in Science Academies
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

For the first time in the history of the French Academy of Science, founded about 300 years ago, its doors have been opened to receive a woman. The new member is Mme. Yvonne ChoquetBruhat, a mathematician specializing in relativity ,elected to this distinguished academy on Mav 18, 1979.
Echos
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The following paragraphs report answers given by Mrs. Sonia Beiruti, journalist and radio-program director, to a set of questions presented by a group of secondary school girl students in Saida, Lebanon.
Problems Faced by Re-entry Women in BUC
Authors: Khuri Maha
Published: March 2020

This pilot study was an attempt at bringing out thecharacteristics and problems of re-entry women as well asserving as an encouragement to pursue further research inother colleges and universities throughout the area.
Creativity and Culture
Authors: Ramzi Dr. Nahid
Published: March 2020

The author, Dr. Nahid Ramzi, introduces her study by pointing out that women, on account of their relative seclusion, are more closely tied to their community and more liable to receive its influence than men . They are less free to think or to act differently from traditional patterns. In the field of creativity they are consequently affected by their cultural environment to a higher degree than their brothers.
Values About Children And Fertility
Authors: Kagitcibas Cigdem
Published: March 2020

In the traditional context, male children are predominantly preferred to female children. In the VOC (Value of Children) survey presented by C. Kagitcibasi at the Second Turkish Demography Conference of the Institute of Population Studies, Izmir, 1975, boy preference reaches 71 percent as contrasted with a mere 23 percent for girls. Reasons for this preference: a son is a source of social prestige and recognition, together with old age security and material well -being.
A Study on "Honor Crimes" in Lebanon
Authors: Shikhani Mrs. Leila
Published: March 2020

"A young woman's status in oriental society is pitiful indeed. If she falls in love, her brother gets angry. If she marries the man of her choice, her father will reject her. If she is seduced by a dishonest man, the members of her family hold a counsel by which they decide to wash their honor with her blood." (Said Mirza, Prosecuting Attorney of Beirut, 1973).
Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures
Authors: Salti Nisreen
Published: March 2020

The first volume of the six-volume Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures (EWIC) set up the EWIC project as an “interdisciplinary, transhistorical, and transnational” work, spanning “all facets of the life of women” in the “civilizations and societies in which Islam has played a historic role” (I: xxi), from the rise of Islam to the present day and extending from West Africa to Central and South Asia, according to the general editor, Suad Joseph (I: xxxiii).
Integration of Women In Rural Development In The Near East Region
Authors: Dawood Hassan
Published: March 2020

Women provide almost half of the human resources in the villages of the Near East Region for agricultural and non-agricultural production. The percentage of rural women cnnstitutes more than 60 per cent of the total number of women in the region.
Child Care in Bahrain
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Since the year 1979 has been declared the International Year of the Child by the U.N., the Bahrain State published in no. 16 of its "Periodical Issue" of Jul.-Aug.-Sept. 1978, a report on projects carried out and decisions take n by the ministries in Bahrain aiming at the implementation of the ten principles stated in the "Declaration of the Rights of the Child."
From "The Feminine Mystique" to "Self-Realization"
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Social institutions are subject to a movement of flux and reflux because they are essentially related to human nature which remains enveloped with mystery. While scientists succeed to a large extent in unfolding the secrets of nature and submitting it to the service of man, the components of society", including political, moral and economic life, undergo a continuous change. Every system that is worked out, is readily counter·balanced by an opposite system. Theories whicn for a long time enjoyed popularity are sooner or later exposed to severe criticism and rejection.
The Law Applied to "Honor Crimes" is a Disgrace to the Law
Authors: Barakat Nabeela Saab
Published: March 2020

If the right to divorce is unilateral, i.e. restricted to the husband unless the marriage contract states otherwise, the law of the personal status in Mohammedan communities compensates the wife by imposing on the husband certain duties which he must fulfill if he decides to divorce his wife: first he has to pay her the "mahr" or dowry required in the marriage contract; second, in case he has children from the divorcee, he has to provide her with the regular allowance necessary for their support.
Evolution of the Structures of the Arab Family
Authors: Hatab Dr. Zuhair
Published: March 2020

Dr. Zuhair Hatab, author of this study of 288 largesized pages, holds a doctorate in sociology. In handling his topic, he uses the sociological approach based on objectivity and extensive research . He studies the roots of the Arab family from early pre·islamic days and tries to show that its evolution through the ages has resulted from definite struc'tures developed by society throughout a long march. In other words, "the author places the problems of the family at the center of the socio-historical evolutionary process experienced by the Arab world."
Women's Concerns in the East
Authors: Abu Nasr Julinda
Published: March 2020

Founded in 1975, the Asian Women's Institute represents a consortium of nine Asian Colleges and Universities concerned with women's education. Eight of the members have women students only while one is coeducational. These colleges and universities stretch from the Middle East to the Far East with three colleges in India, two in Korea, one in Japan, one in Pakistan, one in Iran and one in Lebanon.
Iraqi Women: Untold Stories from 1948 to the Present
Authors: Al Bahrani Zainab
Published: March 2020

The US-UK war against Iraq and the continuing occupation of the country has resulted in a catastrophic upheaval of Iraqi society, and the obliteration of anything resembling a normal human existence for its people. One of the most significant social changes brought about by the occupation and the interim Iraqi government is in women’s legal status and their conditions of daily life.
The Cat, The Maid and the Wife
Authors: Al-Ameer Daisy
Published: March 2020

The Cat, The Maid and the Wife
Rima Alamuddin
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Rima Alamuddin's premature death occured only 14 years ago (1963); yet, she may be considered a pioneer in the sense that she was one of the few Lebanese or Arab women writers who chose to express themselves in English. Moreover, she was a pioneer in her efforts to create her own original style and to inaugurate personal modes of expression inspired through her knowledge of the English language and modern Western Literature.
Adjustment of Women Students in an Arab College (BUC)
Authors: Rubeiz Ghassan
Published: March 2020

This study deals with the adjustment problems of college women in an Arab university (BUC). It tries to examine these problems within the following areas: dating, academic concerns, personal concerns and relations with family and society.
A Survey of the Development of Higher Education for Women in the Arab World
Authors: Hanania Dr. Edith
Published: March 2020

The degree to which higher education is accessible to Arab women in an index of her developing status.
The Development Patterns of Preschool Children in Lebanon
Authors: Makhouly Ms. Mary , Abu Nasr Dr. Julinda
Published: March 2020

This joint project of BUC and UNICEF will examine the growth process of the young Lebanese children to determine if there is a variance in this growth.
The Conference of the International Women's Year
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Delaration of Mexico
The Institute Conferences
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute Conferences
Women's Status in the Muslim Family
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

IWSAW was invited to participate and attend different conferences in the Arab World.
Women and Justice in the Egyptian Constitution: A Reading from within
Authors: Elsadda Hoda
Published: March 2020

Do constitutions safeguard the rights of women? What is the importance of constitutions in the context of defending women’s rights? These questions are often raised within the framework of gender studies and organizations calling for women’s rights. Why is this the case? There are three considerations to bear in mind. First, there is the critique aimed at liberal feminism, on the grounds of the latter’s excessive focus on reforming and amending laws to secure women’s rights, while ignoring, to a large extent, the prevalent authoritative system and social norms which can obstruct the implementation of just laws that are beneficial to society. This can lead to unanticipated results that may not necessarily be in the interest of women and may not achieve the expected goal.
Negotiating Gender Rights and Gender Relations in the Constitutionmaking Process in Egypt: Towards a ‘Thick’ Constitutional Guarantee for Women’s Rights
Authors: Kuwahara Naoko
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to explore gender-sensitive constitution-making. I will examine the constitution-making process in Egypt, as well as the constitutions themselves, from comparative constitutional law and gender perspectives, and I will then include the Japanese experience. Constitutionalizing or legalizing women’s issues is one of the most controversial or challenging legal areas because women’s issues are often assumed to be matters deeply embedded in tradition or culture, and therefore, it has been held that changing the status-quo relating to women’s issues will erode the tradition or culture which should be protected.
Gender-Based Violence: Ambitious Laws Versus Bitter Reality The Case of Iraq
Authors: Rzaij Fahima
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, women’s role in society is getting more and more recognized, due to an increasing concern with women’s issues that has taken a new dimension, involving government institutions and legislative bodies. Therefore, women’s rights can no longer be considered matters of mere national concern since they have acquired far reaching transnational implications compelling governments to take ineluctable decisions as part of their commitment to the international human rights conventions and treaties.
New Vistas — Old Problems: The Inheritance
Authors: Bland Sally
Published: March 2020

Gender issues are foregrounded in all of Sahar Khalifeh's novels, and The Inheritance is no exception. What sets Khalifeh apart from some other declared feminists is that in her writing, women's liberation is consistently situatedwithin the parameters of overall social and political development. Advancing women's status is posited as a process of making social relations more democratic in all fields, from the family and education to government. This is arguably a process that would benefit men as well as women and children.
Session II: Empowerment of Women in Business
Authors: Avakian Taline
Published: March 2020

I would first of all like to extend my thanks to Mrs. Donna Al-Turk, the Lebanese Consul, to Mrs. Adalat Nakash, the LAU Dubai Alumni Chapter President, and to Mr. Saad El-Zein, the Chapter's Vice President, for having organized this forum and invited me to it. As a Trustee of LAU, let me tell you that at almost every board meeting, the questions as well as problems and their possible solutions of our alumni and the various alumni chapters are often at the top of the agenda. Therefore, these types of forums and conferences organized by the various chapters are very much encouraged in order to raise awareness of the Lebanese American University (LAU). I wish you all the best in the continuation in your endeavors in this very important voluntary task. The alumni are vital for the endurance of our Alma Mater.
Homage to Rose Ghurayyib
Authors: Nasr Julinda Abu
Published: March 2020

In our effort to pay homage to Rose Ghurayyib, we asked the first director of IWSAW, Dr. Julinda Abu Nasr, a life long friend and colleague of the writer, to reflect on her relationship with the late Ghurayyib.
My Australian Experience
Authors: Mouawad Nohad
Published: March 2020

Nohad Mouawad was chosen to receive the scholarship given that she had the highest GPA, spoke and wrote English impeccably and showed great commitment to the scholarship. The following piece written by the scholarship recipient , describesMouawad’s experience as a graduate student in Australia.
For a Place Under the Heavens
Authors: Ardizzoni Michela
Published: March 2020

Does half of the nation benefit from being covered in layers of clothing? Or does the other half benefit?
When Women Kill
Authors: Husseini Rana
Published: March 2020

Amirah Salem, 31, and Eidah Hussein, 25, took puffs from their cigarettes while drinking coffee minutes after slicing, burning and boiling the head of Amirah's 45-year-old husband in Mafraq in April 1996. The two women then mangled the victim's body, placed it in plastic bags and dumped it in cesspools around the town of Mafraq.
Claiming Equal Citizenship: The Campaign for Arab Women's Right to Nationality
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Women's right to equal citizenship is guaranteed by the majority of Arab constitutions, as well as by international law. Yet across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and the Gulf, women are denied the right to pass on their nationality to their husbands and children – a crucial component of citizenship.
The Status of Women in Lebanese Legislation
Authors: Hamadeh Najla
Published: March 2020

'Law' is an awe-inspiring word. It makes the innocent feel secure and strikes the guilty with panic. Law is supposed to protect the weak and restrain the powerful. But can we say this about Lebanese laws and the position of Lebanese women within their country's legal system(s)?
Lebanon’s Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Authors: Khalifeh Nada
Published: March 2020

By adopting the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) on January 18, 1979, the United Nations General Assembly made a vital contribution to the promotion of women’s rights and their equality with men.
Am I an Activist?
Authors: Helou Marguerite
Published: March 2020

When Dr. Paul Salem, former Director of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, called me shortly before the 1996 parliamentary elections to ask if I was ready to write a study on the participation of Lebanese women in politics, my first reaction was, “Paul, I am no woman activist. You know that.” He laughed and said, “That’s why I’m calling you. I want an objective view.”
Women and Activism in the Arab World
Authors: Helou Marguerite
Published: March 2020

Democracy, simply defined as the rule of the people, by the people, for the people, is a term that has dominated political and sociological discourse and literature from ancient times up till now. However, determining who constitutes “The people” was, and continues to be, a culture- and time-bound issue. Throughout most of human history, women constituted one of the social groups excluded from the category of “The People.” They had to wait till the twentieth century, and in some regions the third millennium to acquire equality with the male population in social, political and economic rights. This was brought about by the efforts of many women activists and their male supporters aided by various developments at the social, economic and political levels.
Kuwaiti Women and the Right to Vote
Authors: Al-Jou’an Kawthar
Published: March 2020

The adoption of the Kuwaiti Constitution in 1962 and the granting of political rights to Kuwaiti women in 2005 constitute two major turning points in modern Kuwaiti history. These two dates will stay inscribed in the memory of Kuwaiti generations for a long time to come.
Women in Struggle
Authors: Kattan Victor
Published: March 2020

By Buthina Canaan Khoury Palestine: Majd Production Company, 2005. 56 minutes, 1 CD-ROM. $150"I am not the person responsible, the occupation is." Buthina Canaan Khoury tackles a difficult subject in her first feature documentary Women in Struggle. The film is about four Palestinian women imprisoned in Israeli jails for various offences, ranging from the serious, (providing safe houses for members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, surveying targets and planting bombs), to the less serious (waving the Palestinian flag, which was prohibited before the 1993 Oslo Accords).
Photo Exhibit “Veil(s)”/Beijing + 10
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World addressed the issue of the veil through a photographic overview from different parts of the world, a series of quotations from a wide array of persons belonging to different religious, social, political, educational, and cultural backgrounds, as well as personal testimonies.
Blind Women and How they Proved their Success in Marriage
Authors: El-Helou Roula
Published: March 2020

Because of women’s role in building a good nation, and because of our conviction that a disabled woman plays a role in constructing an integrated society, and since the magazine Asda’ al-Mu’aqeen (Echoes of The Disabled) had a special section on the disabled woman in its previous issues, it has again raised the topic in a special column entitled “They.” This column offers a great opportunity to prove the disabled woman’s role as an important part of this society which sometimes tries to humiliate and discriminate against her, first because she is a woman, and second because she is disabled. Her dreams are many, and more so her aims, since she still struggles hard to achieve her full rights, especially because she is still searching for her identity in a society which exploits and sees in her nothing but her body.
Human Rights and Disability Film Festival
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

On December 3rd, 2004 the Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union, (LPHU), in collaboration with various national and foreign associations held its Second Human Rights and Disability Film Festival. The three-day event took place at Estral Theater in Hamra and coincided with the International Day of Disabled Persons. The idea of the festival came about in 2003. The aim was to raise awareness about disability issues and to create a forum to highlight many of the issues facing disabled people.
The Society Should also be Politically Inclusive
Authors: Ibrahim Dr. Nizar
Published: March 2020

At a workshop organized by The Youth Association of the Blind (YAB) and The Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union (LPHU) from July 13-15, participants examined strategies for advocating an inclusive society for all in which all the citizens have all their rights, even their political ones.Representatives from Yemen, Jordan and Egypt attended the workshop and worked with speakers from YAB, LPHU, The Lebanese Association for the Democracy of Election (LADE), and Al-Nahar Newspaper to discuss the Lebanese experience in the “Haqqi” or “My Right” campaign, a project organized by YAB and LPHU to make the issues of the disabled visible through the election.
Miss Lebanon or Miss Habalon
Authors: Kobaissi Riad
Published: March 2020

Is it reality television or realistic television? This question demands an urgent and necessary answer when “our beauty queens” become the subject matter of such television, especially since the beauty queen no longer represents a fantasy creature, a flawless role model for young women in terms of her behavior, actions, and activities sponsoring the disabled, children, and elderly.Instead, our beauty queen has become a topic of inspection, at least before she became a beauty queen. Before becoming a queen, she underwent a difficult experience with her fellow candidates. She underwent that experience on air and on live broadcast on a daily basis 24 hours a day. She and 15 contestants showcased their intelligence and education directly on live television. This is what makes it crucial to distinguish between reality television and realistic television.
Lebanon: Adolescents and Puberty
Authors: Fayed Mona
Published: March 2020

Puberty is defined as the period when sexual maturity is achieved. This maturity does not take place over night; it is a gradual process that lasts a relatively long period of time. Biological maturity is reached upon ovulation for girls and with the discharge of semen for boys. Puberty is not over when one is able to perform his/her reproductive duties; it is a huge transformation that lasts for quite some time and involves the whole body and person.
Women's Path to Independence in Syria
Authors: El-Atrache Talal
Published: March 2020

Over the past twenty years, Syria has witnessed a dramatic evolution of its female population, especially in rural areas. By moving to Damascus to pursue their higher education, women are gradually able to declare their independence from male domination by living on their own, hitting the job market, and providing for themselves. Syrian society has experienced dramatic changes over the last two decades in terms of attitudes and mentalities towards women's education. Before the 1980s, the social stigma surrounding female independence and women's desire to move away from their homes made it practically impossible for young rural girls to move to the Damascus University Campus on their own; those who did were just a minority, and such early social phenomena did raise a few eyebrows.
Poor Women’s Empowerment and the Challenges Ahead for the Arab World
Authors: Okail Nancy
Published: March 2020

Increasingly, gender equality is identified as one of the most crucial elements for the overall development of any country. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) placed the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women at  the top of the development priorities. At the same time, the Arab Human Development Report (2003) sets "gender  inequality" as one of the three most significant deficiencies behind the regression of our region.
No Comment
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

These pictures are taken at an extra special disguise party. The pictures first appeared in Cocktail magazine, No. 4, December 2003/January 2004 and are reprinted after permission was granted.
Women and War in the Arab World
Authors: Mukalled Diana
Published: March 2020

In wars, some women choose to take up arms but, for most, war is about coping with the disruption of normal life. Women are the carers, the sustainers, the mediators. Throughout history, women and children constitute 75 percent of war refugees. Unfortunately, even after fighting ceases, the issues driving the conflict are often disregarded or swept under the rug once the ink has dried on a peaceaccord, prolonging instability and misery for millions.
The Case of Samar Alami
Authors: Mukalled Diana
Published: March 2020

In one of the cells of the high-security Holloway prison in North London, Samar Alami waits for eleven years to pass, having already spent nine years of her life there. She was barely 31 when British courts sentenced her and her friend, Jawad Botmeh, for involvement in the 1994 bombing in London of the Israeli embassy and the Balfour House, both of which injured nineteen people. Today Samar is 39 years old. Like Jawad, she graduated from a British university. They are both accused of affiliation with a small, radical group headquartered in Britain, which planned to foil the Middle East peace process. Both Samar and Jawad have strongly refuted this accusation.
A Journalist Diary: On the Horrors of War
Authors: Mukalled Diana
Published: March 2020

While preparing the many episodes of her program “Through the Naked Eye” Diana Mukalled was able to visit several war-torn countries. In this diary she sheds light on the situation of women at times of war by presenting testimonies from fourconflict areas in the Arab world namely Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait and Western Sahara.
The Sudanese Women’s Advocacy Mission to New York and Washington DC
Authors: Aquarone Marie-Christine
Published: March 2020

In June 2000, eight women from the war-torn country of Sudan traveled to the United States to present their message to the world. They wished to say that they were tired of the 45-year-old Sudanese civil war and they wanted to announce that they had formed a peace movement and were calling for an active role in the peace negotiations, to help end the war. Their discussions with United Nationsofficials and high-ranking officers of agencies and nongovernmental organizations coincided with the Beijing +5 conference, a conference on women’s rights convened by the UN General Assembly that was attended by more than 10,000 female delegates from 180 countries.
International Leaders Prioritize Human Security at WLP Conference
Authors: Jenkins Abby , Brown Megan , MacAdam Sian
Published: March 2020

More than 250 activists, academics, policy-makers, and organizational and religious leaders from over 20 countries gathered at Women’s Learning Partnership’s humansecurity conference, “Clash or Consensus: Gender and Human Security in a Globalized World” on October 8-9, 2003, in Washington DC. Organized in collaboration with the Global Fund for Women, the conference provided a forum for women leaders and human security experts from the Global South– particularly from Muslim societies– to explore ways to discuss and define human security goals and challenges from a perspective that is people-centered.
Triply Detached
Authors: Sensenig-Dabbous Eugene
Published: March 2020

This issue of Al-Raida deals with the “Other” from a triply detached perspective. Writing about ethnic and linguistic minorities, immigrants and “guest workers” in the Middle East and North Africa challenges the researcher and author to see the Arab world as more than merely the object of Western expropriation and Orientalist misinterpretation. The peoples of our region have well demonstrated their ability to be both the victim and the victimizer, oft times simultaneously.
Recent Publications/Call for Papers/Grants
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Call for Papers: Violence in the Middle EastGrants: Global Fund for Women Offers Grants to Women's Groups Outside the United States
The Doubly Bound World of Kurdish Women
Authors: King Diane E.
Published: March 2020

The original caption of this picture, which appeared in the 2000 Amnesty International wall calendar, tells us that it is of “Kurdish refugees” as they “collect wood for heating, village of Doganli, Turkish Kurdistan 1997.” While other women trudge through the snow behind her, a woman has taken a moment out of her task of burdencarrying to pose for the camera. Most likely at the behest of the photographer, she affects a needy, helpless person reaching out for assistance.
An Intelligent Man’s Guide to Modern Arab Feminism
Authors: Raboulsi Fawwaz
Published: March 2020

The following pages are an attempt at presenting a brief introduction and periodization of the modern feminist movement in the Arab world. It takes the form of a guide because in the limited space allowed it can only provide a certain number of essential personalities, events, and currents of opinion.
Quote/Unquote
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

"Women must begin to write more truthfully about the profound mystery of sex. I think that race is also a mystery. Which is to say that neither can be fully comprehended except as deeply mysterious expressions through which we can learn profound lessons about life. It is almost impossible not to learn something about yourself in the sexual act. So it's important for women to be alert to the spiritual growth and self-discovery they can attain by paying close attention to their sexuality." (Alice Walker, By the Light of my Father's Smile, “A Conversation with Alice Walker”, Interview by Evelyn C. White).
From Jordan
Authors: Husseini Rana
Published: March 2020

Last week marked the first anniversary of government introduced amendments to Article 340 of the Penal Code that scrapped penalty exemptions for killers in what are loosely termed “crimes of honour.” The amendments, which kept reductions for men, entitled women also to benefit from reduced penalties if they committed murder after discovering their husbands had committed adultery.
Premarital Female Sexuality in Morocco
Authors: Dialmy Dr. Abdessamad
Published: March 2020

In the Arab world, the study of “illegal” and/or “anomalous” sexualities have disturbed the political powers. Indeed, studying these sexualities as social phenomena is a way to recognize their existence and the difficulties faced by the religious authorities to limit sex to the marriage institutions. Therefore the study of these sexualities could become an ideological weapon to contest the Arab/Islamo political power legitimacy.
Women: the Target of Fundamentalists
Authors: Karamanou Anna
Published: March 2020

Recently, we experienced the drama of Safiya Husseini, sentenced to death by stoning by the Islamic court of Sokoto in Nigeria, for committing the “crime” of having an extra-marital child. It was followed by the death penalty for Abok Alfa Akok, a pregnant southern Sudanese woman. These two incidents brought to the public debate the issue of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms for millions of women around the world. Although the international outcry, the mobilization of the civil society and the European Parliament managed, in the last minute, to save the lives of the two women, the issue of violence against women remains.
International WomenÕs Day
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

On March 7, 2002 the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World, Lebanese American University along with the Public Affairs Section, Embassy of the United States of America hosted Dr. Miriam Cooke renowned writer and scholar. In her talk, Cooke shared with the audience her experience in writing on controversialsubjects pertaining to women’s issues.
Overview: Women’s Participation in Employers and Workers Organizations
Authors: Kawar Mary
Published: March 2020

One important aspect of civil society is that which revolves around employer-worker relations as well as the extent to which workers or employers participatein economic policies or in the various issues related to their interests and concerns. This includes the laws and regulations governing the economy, workers rights,working conditions and relations and negotiations with the employers.
Gathering of Women Civil Activists
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

“Women’s Learning Partnership’s dynamic and innovative Roaming Institutes have begun to shape the future of women’s leadership by empowering women in the Global South to play significant roles in their nation’s social, economic, and political development.” – Sakena Yacoobi, Afghan Institute of Learning
Nawal El Saadawi: Better to Pay and be Free than to Pay and be Oppressed
Authors: Aghacy Samira
Published: March 2020

No Arab Woman inspires as much emotion as Nawal El-Saadawi. No woman in the Middle East has been the subject of more polemic. Certainly, no Arab woman s pen has violated as many sacred enclosures as that of Nawal El-Saadawi. Fadwa Malti-Douglas
Misyar Marriage
Authors: Jurdi Shirine
Published: March 2020

This article deals with a special kind of marriage in Islam known as the Ambulant marriage or the Zawaj al-Misyar. So what is the ambulant marriage? Does itabide by shari 'a law as applied in the Muslim world? What is the difference between misyar marriage and other recognized Islamic marriages? What do women achieve by entering into such a marriage and what do they lose?
A Twelve Year Old Municipal President
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

Ghena Majzoub, a twelve year old student at the National Institute for Girls and Boys - Saida, was elected president of the first Lebanese Municipal Council for Children in December, 1999. According to Ms. Nigar Hankeer, coordinator of the Municipal Council for Children - Hariri Foundation, the creation of this council took place at the initiative of Mrs. Bahia Hariri, who came to know about the idea while on a visit to Tunisia.
The Performance of Women in the Egyptian Parliamentary Elections of 2000
Authors: El-Shazli Heba
Published: March 2020

Over the period of two days, March 28 and 29, the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights (ECWR) in cooperation with the British Council and the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, held in Cairo, Egypt the first conference on Women and Parliamentary Elections: The Present Situation and Perspectives for the Future.
Crimes of Honor: Crimes of Horror
Authors: Moghaizel Fadi
Published: March 2020

By way of introduction, I would like to quote the Vienna Declaration adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993: The human rights of women [ ... ] are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights. The full and equal participation of women in political, civil , economic, social and cultural life, at the national, regional and international levels, and the eradication of all forms of discrimination on grounds of sex are priority objectives of the international community' .
A Council Resisting Violence Against Women
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

We are aware of the difficult tasks awaiting us because we fight for new relations and conceptions which negate the causes of human oppression, whether male or female. We seek a new understanding of human rights. We do not pretend having the solutions but we seek to find the appropriate ones ...
Beijing +5
Authors: Farah May
Published: March 2020

After five days of marathon meetings, thousands of women - and a handful of men - managed to produce a new blueprint aimed at improving women's lives. But it was a close call. The majority of the 10,000 participants gathered had all but given up hope that an agreement would be reached. The occasion was a special session of the United Nations General Assembly, held June 5 to 9 in New York, and dedicatedto assessing women's progress in the five years since the last major conference was held in Beijing, China.
In the House of Silence
Authors: Hamdar Abir
Published: March 2020

In the House of Silence (Autobiographical Essays by Arab Women Writers)Editor: Fadia Faqir, UK: Garnet Publishing Ltd., 1998, 1st ed.