bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for dark energy with the Sun
Authors: Saltas Ippocratis D. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen
Published: September 2022

General extensions of general relativity (GR) based on bona fide degrees of freedom predict a fifth force which operates within massive objects, opening up an exciting opportunity to perform precision tests of gravity at stellar scales. Here, focussing on general scalar-tensor theories for dark energy, we utilise the Sun as our laboratory and search for imprints of the fifth-force effect on the solar equilibrium structure. With analytic results and numerical simulations, we explain how the different solar regions offer powerful ways to test gravity. Accounting for the delicate interplay between the fifth force and solar microphysics such as opacity, diffusion, equation of state, and metallicity, we demonstrate that the fifth force still leaves a sharp signature on the solar sound speed, in a region where simple estimates of input physics uncertainties become negligible. For general scalar-field extensions of GR, known as (U-)DHOST, based solely on the observational helioseismic errors, our analysis at the equilibrium level allows us to place an approximate constraint on the fifth-force coupling strength of −10−3 ≲ 𝒴 ≲ 5 × 10−4 at 2σ. This result improves previous stellar constraints by ∼3 orders of magnitude, and should be confirmed and improved by future helioseismic inversions in modified gravity, combined with an elaborate accounting of theoretical uncertainties. Our analysis can be applied to a wide set of theories beyond GR, and also paves the way for helioseismic analyses in this context. In this regard, we discuss how the solar radiative and convective zone can be employed as promising laboratories to test generic theories of gravity.
Preseason Prognostic Factors for Injuries and Match Loss in Collision
Sports: A Systematic Review
Authors: Watanabe Kento , Kitamura Tomoya , Takasaki Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to identify which preseason factors had strong evidence of risks
for physical injury during the season of collision sports including rugby,
American football, and Australian rules football using qualitative synthesis.
Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were
reviewed. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were: studies involving the
collision sports; prospective cohort studies; and studies with outcomes of
relative risks, odds ratios, and correlations between players’ preseason
conditions and injury during the season. The risk of bias based on the Scottish
Intercollegiate Guidelines Network quality checklists for cohort studies was
assessed in 57 studies. The current study identified strong evidence that 1)
anthropometric characteristics (body mass index and estimated mass moment of
inertia of the body around a horizontal axis through the ankle), which are
calculated with weight and height; 2) physical function, in particular for the
trunk and lower limb (trunk-flexion hold and wall-sit hold); and 3) Oswestry
Disability Index disability, which is a patient-reported outcome measure for
disability due to low back pain, were positive prognostic factors for injury
during the collision sports season, regardless of playing experience.
Sinnhaftigkeit von ERAS-Konzepten bei kolorektalen Resektionen – eine ökonomische Analyse unter DRG-Bedingungen
Authors: Koch Franziska , Dietrich Melanie , Green Martina , Moikow Lutz , Schmidt Mareike , Ristig Matthias , Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Ritz Jörg-Peter
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) beschreibt ein multimodales, interdisziplinäres und interprofessionelles Behandlungskonzept, welches die postoperative
Rekonvaleszenz des Patienten durch den Einsatz evidenzbasierter Maßnahmen optimiert.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung) Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die ökonomische Abbildbarkeit des Konzeptes im deutschen DRG-System zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden Seit August 2019 werden Patienten in unserer Klinik nach dem später zertifizierten ERAS-Konzept behandelt. Die letzten 20 Patienten vor ERAS-Implementierung
werden im Folgenden mit 20 Patienten nach ERAS-Implementierung verglichen, die über eine Matched-Pair-Analyse identifiziert wurden. Neben dem Vergleich von Kosten und Erlös wird auch das
klinische Outcome der Patienten dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Die Fälle der Patienten der präERAS-Kohorte haben mediane Kosten von 7432,83 € verursacht. Abrechenbar waren BWR von 3,38. Der daraus resultierende DRG-Erlös für die
Patienten dieser Gruppe belief sich auf 11325,78 €. Der letztlich generierte Erlös belief sich somit auf 4575,14 €. Die Fälle der Patienten der ERAS-Kohorte haben Kosten von 5582,96 €
verursacht. Abrechenbar waren BWR in Höhe von 2,84. Der DRG-Erlös für die Patienten dieser Gruppe belief sich demnach auf 10014,18 €. Der erwirtschaftete Gewinn betrug somit 4993,84 €.

Diskussion Die durch ERAS generierte Kostenreduktion war vergleichbar zum „Verlust“ durch den BWR-Rückgang. ERAS ist demnach auch im deutschen DRG-System kostendeckend möglich.
Role of Ommaya Reservoir Placement in Hydrocephalus Management following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, an Initial Experience
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Alam Shahnawaz
Published: September 2022

Introduction Weaning from external ventricular drainage (EVD) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in hydrocephalus induced by aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had been proposed either through the rapid, gradual or intermittent approaches. There are no uniform guidelines for it. Given this, we planned to study the comparative outcome between EVD drainage with intermittent clamping versus EDV followed by Ommaya reservoir.

Material and Methods The present retrograde observational study was conducted from July 2018 to March 2021 in the department of neurosurgery with 67 patients who developed hydrocephalus following SAH after aneurysm rupture. We divided the patients into two groups. Group 1 had only EVD placed for CSF drainage with intermittent clamping before the placement of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, and, in group 2, an Ommaya reservoir was placed after EVD before the shunt.

Result There were 38 patients in group 1 and 29 in group 2. They were age-matched, with a mild male predominance in group 1. Shunt dependency was significantly reduced in group 2 patients (p = 0.011), along with reduced length of stay in ICU (p = 0,001) and length of stay in Hospital (p = 0.019). We found improved Glasgow outcome score in group 2 patients (p = 0.006) together with reduced incidence of infarct (p = 0.0095).

Conclusion We may infer from the present study that continuous drainage through EVD, initially, in hydrocephalus induced by SAH following aneurysm rupture, increases cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and decreases intracranial pressure (ICP) leading to decreased infarct rate and intermittent drainage through Ommaya following EVD reservoir, decreases shunt dependency, reduces ICU and hospital stay, with improved Glasgow outcome score on follow-up, but these findings need to be validated in a prospective randomized control trial.
An Investigation of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Physicians Regarding Child Oral Health at Primary Health Centers in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Qatami Hadeel Mohammad , Al-Jaber Aisha Saleh , Abed Al Jawad Feras Hasan
Published: September 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in relation to oral health in children attending baby well clinics in primary health care centers (PHCC) in Qatar.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional design was adopted in which a piloted self-administered questionnaire was sent electronically to 417 physicians (pediatricians/family physicians) practicing in all PHCCs in Qatar. The questionnaire gathered information concerning demographic characteristics and KAP in relation to oral health in children. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, the frequency of distribution in relation to demographic data and responses to items of the questionnaire was presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables (predictors) and KAP were assessed by employing univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Predictors which were significantly associated in the unadjusted regression were entered into a final multivariate logistic regression to evaluate their effects after adjustment.

Results The response rate was 24%. The overall mean scores of KAP were 61, 60, and 44.4%, respectively. Females were more likely to give positive answers than males (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–62.2, p = 0.02). Age groups 35 to 45 and >45 years had significantly more correct answers than <35 years age group (OR= 7.5, 95% CI = 1.1–56.6 and 9.2, 95% CI 1.2–44.6, respectively, p = 0.05). No significant associations were found between any of the independent variables with attitudes. With respect to practices, multivariate logistic regression revealed that specialty was significantly associated with practices. Pediatricians were more likely to adopt positive practices when compared with family medicine physicians (OR, 95% CI = 5.3 (1–25.6), p = 0.04).

Conclusion Although physicians demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes, this did not reflect positively on their practices. The overall score of practices was considered poor (44.4%). Poor practices in our sample reflected an urgent need for actions and plans to improve this aspect and confirmed other findings which stated that acceptable levels of knowledge or attitudes do not necessarily translate into favorable practices.
Oncocytic Meningioma: Case Report of a Rare Meningioma Variant
Authors: Casal Yuri Reis , Teixeira Lívia Porto , Bandeira Gabriela Alencar , Porceban Matheus Moreli , Paiva Wellingson Silva , Godoy Luis Filipe de Souza , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Alves Venâncio Avancini Ferreira , Frassetto Fernando Pereira
Published: September 2022

Oncocytic meningioma has been first identified in 1997 as a rare meningioma variant, composed predominantly of large meningothelial cells with abundant intracytoplasmic mitochondria. Here, we describe a 34-year-old male patient presenting with 2 weeks of progressive holocranial headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an extra axial solid-cystic expansive lesion in the left parieto-occipital parasagittal region, with intense vascularization. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis established the diagnosis. We also review briefly the pathological and radiological findings of this rare variant of meningioma as described in the literature.
Automated Detection of Poor-Quality Scintigraphic Images Using Machine Learning
Authors: Pandey Anil K. , Sharma Akshima , Sharma Param D. , Bal Chandra S. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2022

Objective In the present study, we have used machine learning algorithm to accomplish the task of automated detection of poor-quality scintigraphic images. We have validated the accuracy of our machine learning algorithm on 99mTc-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scan images.

Materials and Methods Ninety-nine patients underwent 99mTC-MDP bone scan acquisition twice at two different acquisition speeds, one at low speed and another at double the speed of the first scan, with patient lying in the same position on the scan table. The low-speed acquisition resulted in good-quality images and the high-speed acquisition resulted in poor-quality images. The principal component analysis (PCA) of all the images was performed and the first 32 principal components (PCs) were retained as feature vectors of the image. These 32 feature vectors of each image were used for the classification of images into poor or good quality using machine learning algorithm (multivariate adaptive regression splines [MARS]). The data were split into two sets, that is, training set and test set in the ratio of 60:40. Hyperparameter tuning of the model was done in which five-fold cross-validation was performed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to select the optimal model using the largest value of area under the ROC curve. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the classification of poor- and good-quality images were taken as metrics for the performance of the algorithm.

Result Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model in classifying poor-quality and good-quality images were 93.22, 93.22, and 93.22%, respectively, for the training dataset and 86.88, 80, and 93.7%, respectively, for the test dataset.

Conclusion Machine learning algorithms can be used to classify poor- and good-quality images with good accuracy (86.88%) using 32 PCs as the feature vector and MARS as the classification model.
Reprodutibilidade do planejamento digital na artroplastia total do quadril sem cimento entre cirurgiões experientes e iniciantes
Authors: Fabricio Marcelo Zerbetto , Rudelli Bruno Alves , Miyahara Helder de Souza , Ejnisman Leandro , Gurgel Henrique de Melo Campos , Croci Alberto Tesconi
Published: September 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do planejamento digital da artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) sem cimento entre cirurgiões com diferentes níveis de experiência e o grau de confiabilidade no planejamento baseado na ATQ contralateral com o método de marcador esférico posicionado ao nível do trocanter maior.

Método Dois avaliadores com níveis de experiência diferentes (A1 e A2) realizaram de forma independente o planejamento digital operatório retrospectivo de 64 ATQs sem cimento. O planejamento foi comparado com os implantes utilizados na cirurgia, sendo classificados como: excelentes, quando idênticos; adequados, quando houve variação de uma unidade; e inadequados, quando ocorreu variação de duas ou mais unidades. Na presente análise, também foi avaliada a acurácia do parâmetro de calibragem entre a ATQ contralateral comparada com o marcador esférico ao nível do trocanter maior.

Resultados O estudo demonstrou maior êxito no planejamento quando realizado pelo avaliador mais experiente, com maior acurácia na ATQ contralateral. Ao fragmentar a análise de acordo com o parâmetro utilizado (ATQ contralateral ou marcador esférico), houve diferença estatística apenas na comparação do planejamento do avaliador A1 com os implantes utilizados na cirurgia. Esta diferença ocorreu na classificação excelente com 67,3% em ATQ contralateral como parâmetro contra 30,6% com marcador esférico (p<0,001) e inadequado de 7,1% contra 30,6%, respectivamente (p<0,001).

Conclusões A acurácia do planejamento digital é mais precisa quando realizada por um avaliador experiente e a utilização da cabeça de prótese contralateral como referência se mostrou superior à utilização de um marcador no trocanter maior.
Investigation on the Effects of Modifying Genes on the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Phenotype
Authors: Zhuri Drenushe , Gurkan Hakan , Eker Damla , Karal Yasemin , Yalcintepe Sinem , Atli Engin , Demir Selma , Atli Emine Ikbal
Published: September 2022

Introduction Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, muscle weakness, and atrophy that leads to infant's death. The duplication of exon 7/8 in the SMN2 gene reduces the clinical severity of disease, and it is defined as modifying effect. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression of modifying genes related to the prognosis of SMA like PLS3, PFN2, ZPR1, CORO1C, GTF2H2, NRN1, SERF1A, NCALD, NAIP, and TIA1.

Methods Seventeen patients, who came to Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Department, with a preliminary diagnosis of SMA disease, and eight healthy controls were included in this study after multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. Gene expression levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and delta–delta CT method by the isolation of RNA from peripheral blood of patients and controls.

Results SERF1A and NAIP genes compared between A group and B + C + D groups, and A group of healthy controls, showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.037, p = 0.001).

Discussion PLS3, NAIP, and NRN1 gene expressions related to SMA disease have been reported before in the literature. In our study, the expression levels of SERF1A, GTF2H2, NCALD, ZPR1, TIA1, PFN2, and CORO1C genes have been studied for the first time in SMA patients.
Bruxism as a Consequence of Stress and Movement Disorders: Brief Review
Authors: Heboyan Artak , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Alwadaani Abdullah Hamed , Marya Anand , Zafar Muhammad Sohail
Published: September 2022

Bruxism is considered to be an unusual repetitive movement syndrome, which is described as involuntary gnashing of teeth. The condition is classified as sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB). The objective of the study was to review the current literature on bruxism and its potential relation to stress and movement disorders. Factors causing bruxism are numerous. It has been found that people suffering from stress are more prone to the condition than healthy subjects. Awake bruxism is frequently observed in subjects with hyperkinetic movement disorders and it can be associated with anxiety, which involves the limbic part of the basal ganglia. However, further studies should be conducted to interpret the link more thoroughly.
Vaccination: A Literature Review from Inception till Date
Authors: Chowdhury Debanjan , Kamal Sadia
Published: September 2022

The history of vaccine development has seen many accomplishments, but there are still many diseases that are difficult to target, and new technologies are being brought to bear on them. Past successes have been largely due to elicitation of protective antibodies based on predictions made from the study of animal models, natural infections and seroepidemiology. Those predictions have often been correct, as indicated by the decline of many infections for which vaccines have been made over the past 200 years. However, although vaccines have undoubtedly saved many millions of lives and are heralded as one of the greatest medical inventions of all time, this is also an era of increasing vaccine hesitancy, with surveys suggesting that a large percentage of the population are unsure whether they would opt to receive a vaccine even if one becomes available for even the most virulent pandemic situation. But as age progresses, new variants of infective agents with resistance to primitive methods of immunisations have evolved. Hence, new vaccine technologies able to achieve rapid development as well as large scale production are of pivotal importance. This review emphasises on the history of vaccines, their development through ages, new technologies of vaccination, their adverse effects and homoeopathic viewpoint in the light of vaccinations.
Analysis of College of American Pathologists von Willebrand Factor Proficiency Testing Program
Authors: Salazar Eric , Long Thomas A. , Smock Kristi Johnson , Wool Geoffrey D. , Rollins-Raval Marian , Chen Dong , Harris Neil Selwyn , Chan Clarence W. , Olson John D. , Pham Huy P. , Ritter Jacob , Unold David , VanSandt Amanda Matzke , Goodwin IV Andrew Jackson
Published: September 2022

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) level and/or function is altered in von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common heritable bleeding disorder worldwide. Laboratory assessment of VWF is continually evolving. Historically, the primary method for the assessment of VWF platelet-binding activity was the ristocetin cofactor assay (VWF:RCo). Contemporary alternative measures of VWF platelet-binding activity include VWF:GPIbR (recombinant; using ristocetin), VWF:GPIbM (recombinant; gain-of-function mutant), and monoclonal antibody. Recently, the American Society of Hematology, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, National Hemophilia Foundation, and World Federation of Hemophilia collaboration issued guidelines recommending the use of newer assays of VWF platelet-binding activity (VWF: GPIbM, VWF: GPIbR) over VWF:RCo, given known limitations of the VWF:RCo assay. Despite this recommendation, the newer VWF:GPIbM and VWF:GPIbR assays are not United States Food and Drug Administration cleared, limiting their availability in the United States. We sought to assess assay utilization trends, agreement of VWF testing methods, and imprecision of VWF testing (based on assigned sample type) from the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Surveys. The analysis confirms that, while VWF antigen testing has low imprecision, the various VWF activity assays have significant interassay variability, with VWF:RCo showing greater imprecision than the newer GPIb-binding assays. The overall trends in assay utilization reflect the barriers to complete compliance with modern VWD diagnostic guidelines in North America.
Laboratory Testing for the Evaluation of Phenotypic Activated Protein C Resistance
Authors: Morimont Laure , Donis Nathalie , Bouvy Céline , Mullier François , Dogné Jean-Michel , Douxfils Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Activated protein C (APC) resistance (APCR) is considered a risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most common genetic disorder conferring APCR is a factor (F) V Leiden mutation, but many other factors are also implicated, such as other F5 mutations (e.g., FV Hong-Kong and FV Cambridge), protein S deficiency, elevated factor VIII, exogenous hormone use, pregnancy and postpartum, depending on how APCR is defined. Considering the large population affected, the detection of this phenotype is crucial. Two types of tests are currently available: clotting time-based assays (with several versions) and thrombin generation-based assays with the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP)-based assay. The purpose of this review is therefore to discuss the performances of these tests and the cases in which it would be appropriate to use one over the other. Initially, as APCR was thought to be solely related to the FV Leiden mutation, the objective was to obtain a 100% specific assay. Clotting-time based assays were thus specifically designed to detect this inherited condition. Later on, an APCR condition without a FV Leiden mutation was identified and highlighted as an independent risk factor of VTE. Therefore, the development of a less specific assay was needed and a global coagulation test was proposed, known as the ETP-based APCR assay. In light of the above, these tests should not be used for the same purpose. Clotting time-based assays should only be recommended as a screening test for the detection of FV mutations prior to confirmation by genetic testing. On the other hand, the ETP-based APC resistance assay, in addition to being able to detect any type of APCR, could be proposed as a global screening test as it assesses the entire coagulation process.
Differential responses of
Authors: Solomonova Ekaterina , Shoman Natalia , Akimov Arkadii , Rylkova Olga
Published: September 2022

The effect of light, copper ions, copper oxide nanoparticles on the change in the structural, functional, cytometric, fluorescent parameters of coccolithophore Pleurochrysis sp. was investigated. The culture Pleurochrysis sp. was represented by two cell forms: (1) covered with coccoliths; and (2) not covered, the ratio of which depends from growth conditions. An increase in light from 20 to 650 μE m−2 s−1 led to a decrease in the concentration of cells covered with coccoliths from 90 to 35%. With an increase in light, the decrease in the values of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence was observed, a decrease in the chlorophyll concentration was noted, and an increase in cell volumes and their granularity due to coccoliths ‘overproduction’ was recorded. A tolerance of Pleurochrysis sp. to the effect of copper was registered, both in the ionic form and in the form of a nanopowder. This is probably due to the morphological (presence of coccoliths) and physiological (ligand production) peculiarities of species. Copper did not affect the ratio of cells covered with coccoliths; its value was about 85%. Growth inhibition, a 2-fold decrease in the intracellular chlorophyll content, a decrease in Fv/Fm, and a pronounced cell coagulation were recorded at the maximum Cu2+ concentration (625 μg L−1). The mechanical effect was registered of CuO nanoparticles on the surface of Pleurochrysis sp. coccosphere, which results in the emergence of destroyed and deformed coccoliths. A hypothesis is proposed considering the protective function of coccoliths acting as a barrier when the cells are exposed to nanoparticles and copper ions.
Development of an individualised primary care program for acute low back pain using a hybrid co-design framework
Authors: Ahern Malene , Dean Catherine M. , Dear Blake F. , Willcock Simon M. , Hush Julia M.
Published: September 2022

Background Low back pain is the leading worldwide cause of years lost to disability and the problem is worsening. This paper describes and demonstrates the scholarly development and contextual refinement of a primary care program for acute low back pain in Sydney, Australia. Methods Hybrid theoretical frameworks were applied, and co-design was used to contextualise the program to the local healthcare setting. Results The program was developed in four stages. In stage 1, the scientific evidence about management of acute low back pain in primary care was examined. In stage 2, stakeholders (patients and clinicians) were consulted in nationwide surveys. Data from stages 1 and 2 were used to design an initial version of the program, called My Back My Plan. Stage 3 involved the contextual refinement of the program to the local setting, MQ Health Primary Care. This was achieved by co-design with primary care clinicians and patients who had sought care for low back pain at MQ Health Primary Care clinics. In stage 4, a panel of Australian experts on clinical care for low back pain reviewed the contextualised version of My Back My Plan and final amendments were made. Conclusion My Back My Plan has been developed using an innovative scholarly approach to intervention development.
A digital generation in scrutiny. Children’s ideas about the internet and the online information (Explorando una generación digital. Las ideas de los niños sobre internet y la información online)
Authors: Enesco Ileana , Sebastián-Enesco Carla , Guerrero Silvia , Varea Elena , Barrios Paula
Published: September 2022

The internet has become a key environment for children’s learning and leisure at an increasing early age. Yet, little is known about what children understand about the internet. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 111 children aged five to nine to assess their notions about the internet, the authorship of online content and the trustworthiness they attribute to it. Considering the socio-cognitive advances throughout these ages, we expected a significant improvement in children’s concept of the internet. However, the results showed modest age differences, and only in some basic notions (e.g., internet functions). Misconceptions about the internet and naïve ideas about the reliability of its content were present at all ages. Only a very few older children envisaged the risk of finding malicious information online and the need to consult other sources in case of doubt. We discuss the necessity to address children’s misconceptions at least from the beginning of primary school, when most of them are cognitively ready to understand many of the issues addressed in this study, provided they receive guided instruction.
Design and evaluation of a linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes for restraining cross-talk effect in parallel electrohydrodynamic jet printing
Authors: Peng Lei , Pan Yanqiao , Wang Zhuo , Feng Yandong , Liu Zhihao
Published: September 2022

It is attractive and challenging to fabricate micro-nano scale patterns in large area by parallel electrohydrodynamic jet printing (E-jet printing) with nozzle array. However, cross-talk effect (i.e. interference phenomenon) between nozzles may probably lead to poor positioning accuracy and cause jet instability. In this paper, design and evaluation of a special linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes at both ends were proposed to restrain the cross-talk effect. Firstly, the numerical simulation model of multi-nozzle E-jet printing was established considering with electro-hydraulic coupling effect. The corresponding multi-nozzle E-jet printing processes in several geometry configurations were successfully simulated based on a commercial multi-physical software ‘COMSOL’. Secondly, the unique design of new type linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes was proposed after accomplishing theoretical analysis and comparison study of simulation results. Thirdly, several experiments were carried out on a constructed multi-nozzle E-jet printing system to verify feasibility and effectiveness of the provided design. The experiments show that the proposed manner has obvious advantages in restraining cross-talk compared with traditional suppressing method ‘with single flat-head auxiliary electrode at both ends’. When nozzle space is 0.5 mm, the jet deflection angle 2.8° and Taylor cone angle 3.3° could be reduced to 0° and 0.05° with two methods respectively. Finally, the printability of fabricated new multi-nozzle was also characterized. Microscale droplets array (mean diameter about 200–240 μm) could be achieved with no deflection and the gap between them is equal with the distance between adjacent nozzles. This study can provide a reference for the design of high integrated printhead and E-jet printing system.
Full-space terahertz metasurface based on thermally tunable InSb
Authors: Dong Yujie , Sun Xiyu , Li Yan , Liu Yi
Published: September 2022

Terahertz (THz) metasurfaces have potential research value in high-quality molecular imaging, high-speed broadband communication, biology, etc. In this paper, thermally tunable full space metasurface was proposed and analyzed by using Finite Difference Time Domain method based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase modulation and InSb temperature characteristic. At 220 K, a metasurface composed of InSb elements can simultaneously achieve efficient transmission and reflection of the incident circularly polarized light at 0.8 THz and 1.15 THz, respectively. On the contrary, at 360 K, the metasurface absorbs all of the incident terahertz waves, essentially turning off the incident beam. In addition, dynamically tunable metalenses were proposed and used to generate focused vortex light. The proposed metasurface provides a potential direction for developing an efficiency-tunable PB terahertz device in the future.
In-suit monitoring melt pool states in direct energy deposition using ResNet
Authors: Liu Hanru , Yuan Junlin , Peng Shitong , Wang Fengtao , Weiwei Liu
Published: September 2022

One critical challenge of directed energy deposition (DED) in additive manufacturing (AM) is the lack of comprehension of the relationship between the part parameters and the formation quality. Components fabricated by the inappropriate manufacturing parameters will be too unreliable to satisfy the strict requirements of industrial applications. To address these issues, the present study established an experiment with a coaxial high-speed charge coupled device (CCD) camera to monitor the 316L deposition process and developed a data-driven model with ResNet101 to identify different melt pool states. We adopted the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding clustering algorithm, accuracy rate, and normalized confusion matrix to evaluate the performance of ResNet101. Furthermore, the visualization technique class activation mapping was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of the melt pool formed under different experimental parameters, explained the classification behavior of the ResNet101 model. The result indicated that ResNet101 gains better feature extraction and higher capability to classify different melt pool states with an average accuracy of 99.07%, compared with other CNNs (LeNet, GoogLeNet, AlexNet, ResNet34, and ResNet50) models. This demonstrated the effectiveness of ResNet101 in monitoring the DED process and the potential to reduce fabrication costs in DED.
Conformal atomic layer deposition of RuO
x
on highly porous current collectors for micro-supercapacitor applications
Authors: Choudhury Sakeb Hasan , Vignaud Guillaume , Dubreuil Pascal , Assresahegn Birhanu Desalegn , Guay Daniel , Pech David
Published: September 2022

3D porous electrodes have been considered as a new paradigm shift for increasing the energy storage of pseudocapacitive micro-supercapacitors for on-chip electronics. However, the conformal deposition of active materials is still challenging when highly porous structures are involved. In this work, we have investigated the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ruthenium dioxide RuO2 on porous Au and Pt architectures prepared by hydrogen bubble templated electrodeposition, with area enlargement factors ranging from 400 to 10 000 cm2/cm2. Using proper ALD conditions, a uniform RuO2 coverage has been successfully obtained on porous Au, with a specific electrode capacitance of 8.1 mF cm−2 and a specific power of 160 mW cm−2 for a minute amount of active material. This study also shows the importance of the chemical composition and reactivity of the porous substrate for achieving conformal deposition of a ruthenium oxide layer.
Study of carbon nanotube embedded honey as a resistive switching material
Authors: Tanim Md Mehedi Hasan , Sueoka Brandon , Xiao Zhigang , Cheong Kuan Yew , Zhao Feng
Published: September 2022

In this paper, natural organic honey embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied as a resistive switching material for biodegradable nonvolatile memory in emerging neuromorphic systems. CNTs were dispersed in a honey-water solution with the concentration of 0.2 wt% CNT and 30 wt% honey. The final honey-CNT-water mixture was spin-coated and dried into a thin film sandwiched in between Cu bottom electrode and Al top electrode to form a honey-CNT based resistive switching memory (RSM). Surface morphology, electrical characteristics and current conduction mechanism were investigated. The results show that although CNTs formed agglomerations in the dried honey-CNT film, both switching speed and the stability in SET and RESET process of honey-CNT RSM were improved. The mechanism of current conduction in CNT is governed by Ohm’s law in low-resistance state and the low-voltage range in high-resistance state, but transits to the space charge limited conduction at high voltages approaching the SET voltage.
Temporal complexity of EEG encodes human alertness
Authors: Hadra Mohammad , Omidvarnia Amir , Mesbah Mostefa
Published: September 2022

Objective. Automatic human alertness monitoring has recently become an important research topic with important applications in many areas such as the detection of drivers’ fatigue, monitoring of monotonous tasks that require a high level of alertness such as traffic control and nuclear power plant monitoring, and sleep staging. In this study, we propose that balanced dynamics of Electroencephalography (EEG) (so called EEG temporal complexity) is a potentially useful feature for identifying human alertness states. Recently, a new signal entropy measure, called range entropy (RangeEn), was proposed to overcome some limitations of two of the most widely used entropy measures, namely approximate entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), and showed its relevance for the study of time domain EEG complexity. In this paper, we investigated whether the RangeEn holds discriminating information associated with human alertness states, namely awake, drowsy, and sleep and compare its performance against those of SampEn and ApEn. Approach. We used EEG data from 60 healthy subjects of both sexes and different ages acquired during whole night sleeps. Using a 30 s sliding window, we computed the three entropy measures of EEG and performed statistical analyses to evaluate the ability of these entropy measures to discriminate among the different human alertness states. Main results. Although the three entropy measures contained useful information about human alertness, RangeEn showed a higher discriminative capability compared to ApEn and SampEn especially when using EEG within the beta frequency band. Significance. Our findings highlight the EEG temporal complexity evolution through the human alertness states. This relationship can potentially be exploited for the development of automatic human alertness monitoring systems and diagnostic tools for different neurological and sleep disorders, including insomnia.
Time-resolved CO2, CO, and N2 vibrational population measurements in Ns pulse discharge plasmas
Authors: Richards Caleb , Jans Elijah , Mignogna David , Adamovich Igor V
Published: September 2022

Time-resolved CO2 and N2 vibrational populations and translational-rotational temperature are measured in a CO2–N2 plasma sustained by a ns pulse discharge burst in plane-to-plane geometry. Time-resolved, absolute number density of CO generated in the plasma is also inferred from the experimental data. CO2 and CO vibrational populations are measured by mid-IR, tunable quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy, and N2 vibrational populations are measured by the ns broadband vibrational CARS. Transient excitation of N2 and CO2 asymmetric stretch vibrational energy modes is detected during the discharge burst. The time-resolved rate of CO generation does not correlate with N2 or CO2(ν
3) vibrational temperatures, indicating that CO2 dissociation via the vibrational excitation is insignificant at the present conditions. The rate of CO generation decreases gradually during the discharge burst. The estimated specific energy cost of the CO product is close to that of N atoms in pure nitrogen, measured previously at similar operating conditions. Comparison of the experimental data with the kinetic modeling analysis indicates that CO2 dissociation in collisions with electronically excited N2 molecules is the dominant channel of CO generation at the present conditions, although the inferred CO yield in these processes is significantly lower than 1. The effect of vibrational energy transfer between N2 and CO2 on the plasma chemical processes is insignificant. The kinetic model underpredicts a rapid reduction of the N2 and CO2(ν
3) vibrational temperatures during the later half of the discharge burst and in the afterglow. V–T relaxation of N2 by N and O atoms generated in the ns pulse discharge plasma does not affect the vibrational relaxation rate in a significant way. However, rapid V–T relaxation of CO2 by O atoms has a significant effect on the relaxation rate. The difference between the experimental data and the modeling predictions may be due to the unknown scaling of the CO2–O V–T rates with the vibrational quantum number.
Shape-programmable cantilever made of a magnetoactive elastomer of mixed content
Authors: Becker T I , Stolbov O V , Biller A M , Borin D Yu , Stolbova O S , Zimmermann K , Raikher Yu L
Published: September 2022

This work presents an approach to the macroscopic field-controlled mechanics of magnetoactive elastomers of mixed content, which are a special type of smart materials made of an elastic composite and a combination of two essentially different ferromagnetic fillers. High-coercive particles of NdFeB-alloy powder for the magnetically hard (MH) filler and carbonyl iron powder particles with nearly zero coercivity for the magnetically soft (MS) filler are usually used. The MH particles are tens-of-micron in size and impart to the elastomer a remanent magnetisation, whereas due to the MS particles of several microns in size, the elastomer acquires a high magnetic susceptibility. Since large MH particles once magnetised in a strong field possess their own fields to which the MS particles are susceptible, the overall elastomer magnetisation as well as its mechanical response greatly depends on the relative concentration of both fillers. This work particularly studies the bending deformation of horizontally fixed magnetoactive cantilevers with the permanent magnetisation along the length axis under the action of gravity and a vertically applied uniform magnetic field. The cantilevers of the same geometry and fixed NdFeB content but different carbonyl iron concentration are considered. The magnetomechanical model is developed based on the finite-strain theory assuming the plane-stress approximation of the two-dimensional cantilever of infinite width. The magnetic energy comprises two magnetic terms, one of which is qualitatively linear and the other one is quadratic in the applied field strength. The numerically calculated field-programmed equilibrium bending shapes of the cantilevers are compared with the experimentally observed shapes. The model provides good agreement with the experiment up to moderate concentrations of the MS filler, when the coefficients of customary interpolation formulas for the concentration dependencies of elastic modulus and magnetic susceptibility are properly adjusted.
Frequency–frequency correlations of single-trajectory spectral densities of Gaussian processes
Authors: Squarcini Alessio , Marinari Enzo , Oshanin Gleb , Peliti Luca , Rondoni Lamberto
Published: September 2022

We investigate the stochastic behavior of the single-trajectory spectral density

S

(

ω
,
T

)

of several Gaussian stochastic processes, i.e., Brownian motion, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, the Brownian gyrator model and fractional Brownian motion, as a function of the frequency ω and the observation time

T

. We evaluate in particular the variance and the frequency–frequency correlation of

S

(

ω
,
T

)

for different values of ω. We show that these properties exhibit different behaviors for different physical cases and can therefore be used as a sensitive probe discriminating between different kinds of random motion. These results may prove quite useful in the analysis of experimental and numerical data.
The covariance of squeezed bispectrum configurations
Authors: Biagetti Matteo , Castiblanco Lina , Noreña Jorge , Sefusatti Emiliano
Published: September 2022

We measure the halo bispectrum covariance in a large set of N-body simulations and compare it with theoretical expectations. We find a large correlation among (even mildly) squeezed halo bispectrum configurations. A similarly large correlation can be found between squeezed triangles and the long-wavelength halo power spectrum. This shows that the diagonal Gaussian contribution fails to describe, even approximately, the full covariance in these cases. We compare our numerical estimate with a model that includes, in addition to the Gaussian one, only the non-Gaussian terms that are large for squeezed configurations. We find that accounting for these large terms in the modeling greatly improves the agreement of the full covariance with simulations. We apply these results to a simple Fisher matrix forecast, and find that constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity are degraded by a factor of ∼ 2 when a non-Gaussian covariance is assumed instead of the diagonal, Gaussian approximation.
Constraints on dark matter self-interaction from galactic core size
Authors: Sankar Ray Tirtha , Sarkar Sambo , Kumar Shaw Abinash
Published: September 2022

Self-interaction of particulate dark matter may help thermalising the central region of the galactic halo and driving core formation. The core radius is expectedly sensitive to the self-interaction strength of dark matter (DM). In this paper we study the feasibility of constraining dark matter self-interaction from the distribution of the core radius in isolated haloes. We perform systematic DM only N-body simulations of spherically symmetric isolated galactic haloes in the mass range of 1010-1015
M
⊙, incorporating the impact of isotropic DM self-interaction. Comparing the simulated profiles with the observational data, we provide a conservative upper limit on the self-interaction cross-section, σ/m < 9.8 cm2 / gm at 95 % confidence level. We report significant dependence of the derived bounds on the galactic density distribution models assumed for the analysis.
Measurement-device-independent one-step quantum secure direct communication
Authors: Ying Jia-Wei , Zhou Lan , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu-Bo
Published: September 2022

The one-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) (Sci. Bull.
67, 367 (2022)) can effectively simplify QSDC’s operation and reduce message loss. For enhancing its security under practical experimental condition, we propose two measurement-device-independent (MDI) one-step QSDC protocols, which can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices. In both protocols, the communication parties prepare identical polarization-spatial-mode two-photon hyperentangled states and construct the hyperentanglement channel by hyperentanglement swapping. The first MDI one-step QSDC protocol adopts the nonlinear-optical complete hyperentanglement Bell state measurement (HBSM) to construct the hyperentanglement channel, while the second protocol adopts the linear-optical partial HBSM. Then, the parties encode the photons in the polarization degree of freedom and send them to the third party for the hyperentanglement-assisted complete polarization Bell state measurement. Both protocols are unconditionally secure in theory. The simulation results show the MDI one-step QSDC protocol with complete HBSM attains the maximal communication distance of about 354 km. Our MDI one-step QSDC protocols may have potential applications in the future quantum secure communication field.
Magnetocaloric properties and Griffiths phase of ferrimagnetic cobaltite CaBaCo4O7
Authors: Raoufi Tina , He Jincheng , Wang Binbin , Liu Enke , Sun Young
Published: September 2022

We present a study on the magnetocaloric properties of a CaBaCo4O7 polycrystalline cobaltite along with research on the nature of magnetic phase transition. The magnetization as a function of temperature identifies the ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition at a Curie temperature of 60 K. Moreover, a Griffiths-like phase is confirmed in a temperature range above T
C. The compound undergoes a crossover from the first to second-order ferrimagnetic transformation, as evidenced by the Arrott plots, scaling of the universal entropy curve, and field-dependent magnetic entropy change. The maximum of entropy change is 3 J/kg⋅K for ΔH = 7 T at T
C, and a broadening of the entropy peak with increasing magnetic field indicates a field-induced transition above T
C. The analysis of the magnetic entropy change using the Landau theory reveals the second-order phase transition and indicates that the magnetocaloric properties of CaBaCo4O7 are dominated by the magnetoelastic coupling and electron interaction. The corresponding values of refrigerant capacity and relative cooling power are estimated to be 33 J/kg and 42 J/kg, respectively.