bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay among entanglement, measurement incompatibility, and nonlocality
Authors: Zhu Yuwei , Zhang Xingjian , Ma Xiongfeng
Published: June 2024

Nonlocality, manifested by the violation of Bell inequalities, indicates entanglement within a joint quantum system. A natural question is how much entanglement is required for a given nonlocal behavior. Here, we explore this question by quantifying entanglement using a family of generalized Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt-type Bell inequalities. Given a Bell-inequality violation, we derive analytical lower bounds on the entanglement of formation, a measure related to entanglement dilution. The bounds also lead to an analytical estimation of the negativity of entanglement. In addition, we consider one-way distillable entanglement tied to entanglement distillation and derive tight numerical estimates. With the additional assumptions of qubit-qubit systems, we find that the relationship between entanglement and measurement incompatibility is not simply a trade-off under a fixed nonlocal behavior. Furthermore, we apply our results to two realistic scenarios—non-maximally entangled and Werner states. We show that one can utilize the nonlocal statistics by optimizing the Bell inequality for better entanglement estimation.
Quantum computer-enabled receivers for optical communication
Authors: Crossman John , Dimitroff Spencer , Cincio Lukasz , Sarovar Mohan
Published: June 2024

Optical communication is the standard for high-bandwidth information transfer in today’s digital age. The increasing demand for bandwidth has led to the maturation of coherent transceivers that use phase- and amplitude-modulated optical signals to encode more bits of information per transmitted pulse. Such encoding schemes achieve higher information density, but also require more complicated receivers to discriminate the signaling states. In fact, achieving the ultimate limit of optical communication capacity, especially in the low light regime, requires coherent joint detection of multiple pulses. Despite their superiority, such joint detection receivers are not in widespread use because of the difficulty of constructing them in the optical domain. In this work we describe how optomechanical transduction of phase information from coherent optical pulses to superconducting qubit states followed by the execution of trained short-depth variational quantum circuits can perform joint detection of communication codewords with error probabilities that surpass all classical, individual pulse detection receivers. Importantly, we utilize a model of optomechanical transduction that captures non-idealities such as thermal noise and loss in order to understand the transduction performance necessary to achieve a quantum advantage with such a scheme. We also execute the trained variational circuits on an IBM-Q device with the modeled transduced states as input to demonstrate that a quantum advantage is possible even with current levels of quantum computing hardware noise.
Quotients of torus endomorphisms have parabolic orbifolds
Authors: Llavayol Sofía , Xavier Juliana
Published: June 2024

In this work we show that every quotient of a torus endomorphism has a parabolic orbifold, answering a question of Mario Bonk and Daniel Meyer posed in [Expanding Thurston maps, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2017].
The Motivations and Aspirations of Port Chaplains and Volunteers
Authors: Sampson Helen , Turgo Nelson , Cadge Wendy , Gilliat-Ray Sophie
Published: June 2024

Chapter 3 considers the attractions of port chaplaincy and explains why some individuals are drawn to this line of work. It also describes why volunteers contribute their time and effort towards helping to run seafarers’ centres, providing transport to seafarers, and contributing more generally to addressing the needs of seafarers. Using many verbatim quotes, it describes why port chaplains undertake what can seem to be relatively thankless and frustrating work, what motivates and drives them to do this work from the perspective of their faith and their calling, and why they frequently become so passionate about doing it.
The Significance of Faith and Support Services for Seafarers at Sea
Authors: Sampson Helen , Turgo Nelson , Cadge Wendy , Gilliat-Ray Sophie
Published: June 2024

Chapter 5 outlines the significance of faith to seafarers on board and focuses on faith of all kinds regardless of whether they are associated with recognised religions. The chapter describes how many seafarers draw upon faith as a major source of psychological support while at sea. It discusses the occasions when seafarers are most in need of such support including when they are new to a ship or experiencing difficult relationships. The chapter explores the ways in which conflict between faith-based values and the occupational culture of a ship can cause disquiet for seafarers. Beyond this, it describes the importance and significance of port chaplains and their services to the welfare of serving seafarers.
Port Chaplaincy
Authors: Sampson Helen , Turgo Nelson , Cadge Wendy , Gilliat-Ray Sophie
Published: June 2024

This chapter discusses the various forms of chaplaincy that characterize chaplaincy services in contemporary British society. Despite the potential isolation that characterises their day-to-day work and their clear focus on ministry to seafarers, port chaplains work with a complex array of institutions including port authorities, shipping companies, their sponsoring religious organisations, and the network of Christian bodies that serve maritime industries around the globe. The chapter highlights the uniqueness of port chaplaincy but also describes the ways in which it chimes with alternative chaplaincy models, such as those found in hospitals and prisons. In doing so, it places port chaplaincy in the broader context of chaplaincy provision and studies.
Real Roots of Hypergeometric Polynomials via Finite Free Convolution
Authors: Martínez-Finkelshtein Andrei , Morales Rafael , Perales Daniel
Published: June 2024

We examine two binary operations on the set of algebraic polynomials, known as multiplicative and additive finite free convolutions, specifically in the context of hypergeometric polynomials. We show that the representation of a hypergeometric polynomial as a finite free convolution of more elementary blocks, combined with the preservation of the real zeros and interlacing by the free convolutions, is an effective tool that allows us to analyze when all roots of a specific hypergeometric polynomial are real. Moreover, the known limit behavior of finite free convolutions allows us to write the asymptotic zero distribution of some hypergeometric polynomials as free convolutions of Marchenko–Pastur, reciprocal Marchenko–Pastur, and free beta laws, which has an independent interest within free probability.
Testing and characterization of herding dogs’ behaviors
Authors: Lasserre Boris , Ducreux Barbara , Chassier Marjorie , Joly Louise , Cacheux Pascal , Le Morzadec Thierry , Dayde-Fonda Stéphanie , Gilbert Caroline
Published: June 2024

Breeding for phenotype in herding dogs (HDs) mainly relies on their performance in national field trial competitions, which has been shown to be inadequate for identifying HDs suited for real livestock farming conditions. In this study, a different field trial with a new scoring system consisting of 28 items to consider was designed to assess young HDs, the results of which culminated in a statement of adequate phenotype (AP) or non-adequate phenotype (NAP). An AP HD was defined as being able: to control the direction of a flock, to keep it grouped close to a handler when needed, to confront animals it is dealing with in a respectful manner, and able to create movement of the flock without excessive disturbance, threatening or attacking it through chasing, or uncontrolled biting. This innovative trial is composed of a pre-test (PT) and a test (T) phase. To evaluate its efficiency in detecting AP/NAP, 460 French Border Collies aged between 8 and 24 mo, underwent the trial. Its average duration (PT + T) was 3 min and 16 s (SD = 26 s). According to experts’ assessments (Gold Standard), 16.5% of tested HD reached an AP score, and the Idele scoring system correctly identified 93.3% of them (sensitivity). Specificity and accuracy values were of 96.1% and 95.7%, respectively (P value < 0.0004). Recursive feature elimination identified 25 of the 118 features (categories of items) from the scoring system as significant predictors of AP/NAP. An AP HD was statistically defined as a dog who completed the PT and T phases, showed keenness, correct position in relation to the handler, and absence of prey drive. Four environmental effects significantly influenced AP/NAP: the field trial session, the owner’s experience with HDs, the conditions of the HD’s first contact with livestock, and the type of livestock with which the HD is accustomed to working (P-values <0.0005, <0.05, <0.05, and <0.007, respectively). Inter-evaluator agreement was substantial (0.70). The field trial proved to be a short, easily implemented, standardized, reproducible method for detecting AP/NAP. Hence, the field trial and its scoring system could provide a basis for a breeding program based on phenotype pending additional testing of HDs and genetic analyses.
Isolated abdominal wall recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a rare case report
Authors: Lun Tegan , Palamuthusingam Pranavan , O’Rourke Nicholas
Published: June 2024

A 76-year-old woman was investigated for epigastric pain on a background of a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 4 years prior. Imaging revealed an isolated 32 mm fluorodeoxyglucose avid lesion contacting both the anterior abdominal wall and greater curvature of the stomach. Immunohistochemistry and fine needle biopsy confirmed a phenotype consistent with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopic excision of the mass and partial gastrectomy for clearance of margins was performed. Histopathology demonstrated a poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and the patient received adjuvant gemcitabine/capecitabine following an uncomplicated postoperative course. This article presents a rare case of isolated abdominal wall recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which was successfully treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.
An axillary skin lesion revealing disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Monpierre Lorra , Foulet Françoise , Hua Camille , Melin Audrey , Schlemmer Frédéric , Cappy Pierre , Le Cleach Laurence , Ortonne Nicolas , Botterel Françoise
Published: June 2024

Paracoccidioidomycosis, uncommon in Europe, primarily affects South America travellers. We report a 58-year-old Colombian man, who has lived in France for 20 years, presented with an axillary skin lesion seven years after his last trip to Colombia. The diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis was established using histopathological, mycological and molecular analyses.
Impact of turbulent magnetic fields on disk formation and fragmentation in first star formation
Authors: Sadanari Kenji Eric , Omukai Kazuyuki , Sugimura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tomida Kengo
Published: June 2024

Recent cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have suggested that the first stars in the Universe often form as binary or multiple systems. However, previous studies typically overlooked the potential influence of magnetic fields during this process, assuming them to be weak and minimally impactful. Emerging theoretical investigations, however, propose an alternative perspective, suggesting that turbulent dynamo effects within first-star forming clouds can generate strong magnetic fields. In this study, we perform three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations, starting from the gravitational collapse of a turbulent cloud core to the early accretion phase, where disk fragmentation frequently occurs. Our findings reveal that turbulent magnetic fields, if they reach an equipartition level with turbulence energy across all scales during the collapse phase, can significantly affect the properties of the multiple systems. Specifically, both magnetic pressure and torques contribute to disk stabilization, leading to a reduction in the number of fragments, particularly for low-mass stars. Additionally, our observations indicate the launching of protostellar jets driven by magnetic pressure of toroidal fields, although their overall impact on star formation dynamics appears to be minor. Given the case with which seed magnetic fields amplify to the full equipartition level, our results suggest that magnetic fields likely play a significant role in shaping the initial mass function of the first stars, highlighting the importance of magnetic effects on star formation in the early Universe.
Institutional Brokerage Networks: Facilitating Liquidity Provision
Authors: Han Munhee , Kim Sanghyun (Hugh) , Nanda Vikram K
Published: June 2024

We argue that institutional brokerage networks facilitate liquidity provision and mitigate the price impact of large non-information-motivated trades. Using commissions, we map trading networks of mutual funds (institutions) and their brokers. Central funds (institutions) tend to outperform their peripheral counterparts in terms of return gap (execution shortfall). This outperformance is more pronounced when funds experience large outflows and for large trades in less liquid stocks. Central brokers can deliver superior trade execution compared to peripheral brokers, but mainly for central institutions. We use the collapse of Lehman Brothers as a quasi-natural experiment to establish the likely causality of our findings.
Developing body estimation in adolescence is associated with neural regions that support self-concept
Authors: Toenders Yara J , Dorsman Hannah , van der Cruijsen Renske , Crone Eveline A
Published: June 2024

Both self-concept, the evaluation of who you are, and the physical body undergo changes throughout adolescence. These two processes might affect the development of body image, a complex construct that comprises one’s thoughts, feelings, and perception of one’s body. This study aims to better understand the development of body image in relation to self-concept development and its neural correlates. Adolescents (aged 11–24) from the longitudinal Leiden Self-Concept study were followed for three consecutive years (NT1 = 160, NT2 = 151, and NT3 = 144). Their body image was measured using a figure rating scale and body dissatisfaction questionnaire. Body estimation was calculated based on figure ratings relative to their actual body mass index (BMI). Additionally, participants evaluated their physical appearance traits in an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Results revealed that body estimation and body dissatisfaction increased with age. Heightened inferior parietal lobe (IPL) activation during physical self-evaluation was associated with lower body estimation, meaning that the neural network involved in thinking about one’s physical traits is more active for individuals who perceive themselves as larger than they are. IPL activity showed continued development during adolescence, suggesting an interaction between neural development and body perception. These findings highlight the complex interplay between affective, perceptual, and biological factors in shaping body image.
Deferred Cord Clamping, Cord Milking, and Immediate Cord Clamping at Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis
Authors: Seidler Anna Lene , Aberoumand Mason , Hunter Kylie E. , Barba Angie , Libesman Sol , Williams Jonathan G. , Shrestha Nipun , Aagerup Jannik , Sotiropoulos James X. , Montgomery Alan A. , Gyte Gillian M. L. , Duley Lelia , Askie Lisa M. ,   iCOMP Collaborators
Published: June 2024

(Abstracted from Lancet 2023;402:2209–2222)

Deferring or delaying umbilical cord clamping for at least 60 seconds is an increasingly common practice for infants. For term neonates, this practice has been shown to improve hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and lower the risk of iron deficiency.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity and Increased Risk for Impaired Self-Esteem
Authors: Cleminshaw-Mahan Courtney L. , Chunta Alicia M. , DuPaul George J. , Power Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

Elevations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are associated with impaired self-esteem, but it is unknown how symptom levels contribute to self-esteem. Using cross-sectional samples from the general population, this study examined whether academic and peer interaction impairments contribute to the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom levels and impaired self-esteem and whether child demographic characteristics moderate these patterns.

Methods:

Parents and teachers rated ADHD symptom levels and impairments in independent samples of children from the general population using the ADHD Rating Scale-5 (n = 2,079 parents; n = 1,070 teachers). Models of indirect associations and potential moderators were analyzed.

Results:

All models accounted for at least 38% of the variance in impaired self-esteem and models using teacher ratings accounted for more variance than those using parent ratings. Models with inattention as predictor demonstrated significant direct effects with impaired self-esteem and indirect effects of both academic and peer interaction impairment (point estimates ranged from 0.16 to 0.22). Models with hyperactivity-impulsivity as predictor demonstrated significant indirect effects of both academic and peer interaction impairment (point estimates ranged from 0.17 to 0.40), but no direct effects with impaired self-esteem.

Conclusion:

Elevated inattention was associated with impaired self-esteem directly and indirectly through academic and peer interaction impairment, whereas elevated hyperactivity-impulsivity was associated with impaired self-esteem only through indirect associations. Inattention had a stronger adverse impact on behaviorally manifest self-esteem through academic impairment for adolescents vs younger children, and hyperactivity-impulsivity had a stronger adverse impact on behaviorally manifest self-esteem through academic impairment for White vs Black students. Longitudinal research is needed to examine patterns of mediation.
Sjogren Syndrome and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005–2018
Authors: Hsiao Bu-Yuan
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between Sjogren syndrome and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalization. This population-based, retrospective observational study extracted data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2005 and 2018. Adults aged 20 years or older hospitalized for AMI were eligible for inclusion. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the characteristics between the comparison groups (ie, with and without Sjogren syndrome). Associations between Sjogren syndrome and in-hospital outcomes were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 1,735,142 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 4740 patients remained for subsequent analyses (948 had Sjogren syndrome and 3792 did not). After adjustment, patients with Sjogren syndrome had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 0.52, 95% CI, 0.36–0.73, P < 0.001), prolonged length of stay (aOR: 0.83, 95% CI, 0.69–0.995, P = 0.044), cardiogenic shock (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI, 0.40–0.83, P = 0.004), cardiac dysrhythmias (aOR: 0.77, 95% CI, 0.66–0.90, P < 0.001), acute kidney injury (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI, 0.45–0.70, P < 0.001), or respiratory failure (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI, 0.48–0.81, P < 0.001) than those without Sjogren syndrome. The stratified analysis revealed that Sjogren syndrome was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In conclusion, among patients admitted to US hospitals for AMI, the patients with Sjogren syndrome have a lowered probability of in-hospital mortality, certain morbidities, and prolonged length of stay. Further investigations should be conducted to establish a robust understanding of the associations observed.
Carbon Dioxide Targets in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rixecker Torben M. , Ast Vanessa , Rodriguez Elianna , Mazuru Vitalie , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Mang Sebastian , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Nobile Leda , Ajouri Jonas , Bals Robert , Seiler Frederik , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Lepper Philipp M.
Published: June 2024

Target values for arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are unknown. We hypothesized that lower PaCO2 values on ECMO would be associated with lighter sedation. We used data from two independent patient cohorts with ARDS spending 1,177 days (discovery cohort, 69 patients) and 516 days (validation cohort, 70 patients) on ECMO and evaluated the associations between daily PaCO2, pH, and bicarbonate (HCO3) with sedation. Median PaCO2 was 41 (interquartile range [IQR] = 37–46) mm Hg and 41 (IQR = 37–45) mm Hg in the discovery and the validation cohort, respectively. Lower PaCO2 and higher pH but not bicarbonate (HCO3) served as significant predictors for reaching a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) target range of −2 to +1 (lightly sedated to restless). After multivariable adjustment for mortality, tracheostomy, prone positioning, vasoactive inotropic score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score and day on ECMO, only PaCO2 remained significantly associated with the RASS target range (adjusted odds ratio 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.21], p = 0.032 and 1.29 [95% CI = 1.1–1.51], p = 0.001 per mm Hg decrease in PaCO2 for the discovery and the validation cohort, respectively). A PaCO2 ≤40 mm Hg, as determined by the concordance probability method, was associated with a significantly increased probability of a sedation level within the RASS target range in both patient cohorts (adjusted odds ratio = 2.92 [95% CI = 1.17–7.24], p = 0.021 and 6.82 [95% CI = 1.50–31.0], p = 0.013 for the discovery and the validation cohort, respectively).
Is it possible to predict morbidities in neonates born to mothers with immune thrombocytopenic purpura?: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Aslan Mustafa Törehan , İnce Zeynep , Bilgin Leyla , Kunt İşgüder Çiğdem , Çoban Asuman
Published: June 2024

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) comprises ~1% to 4% of thrombocytopenia cases during pregnancy. Factors predicting neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities due to maternal ITP are unclear. The present study aimed to assess the neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with ITP. Fifty-five pregnant women with ITP and their babies, born between January/2013 and April/2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Maternal and neonatal thrombocytopenia cases other than ITP were excluded from the study. Physical examination, blood count, and cranial/abdominal ultrasonography findings of the newborns were recorded. Neonatal thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count < 150 × 109/L. Relationship between neonatal thrombocytopenia and maternal factors was investigated. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 17/55 babies (30.9%), and 8/17 (47.1%) had symptoms of bleeding, all but one being mild bleeding. There was a significant correlation between neonatal platelet counts of < 100 × 109/L and maternal splenectomy history. Incidence of moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher (statistically insignificant) in neonates of mothers with ITP. No significant correlation was determined between maternal and neonatal platelet counts. There was a weak insignificant correlation between platelet counts of neonates of mothers with or without thrombocytopenia. A significant correlation was found between the presence of splenectomy before delivery in the mother and a platelet count of < 100 × 109/L in the neonate. Moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher in neonates of mothers diagnosed with ITP before pregnancy and needed treatment during pregnancy and/or delivery, but the difference was insignificant. Close follow-up of babies born to mothers with ITP after birth is crucial since there is no significant prediction criterion for developing neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities.
Assessing causal associations of bile acids with obesity indicators: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Chunxia , Xu Shuling , Chen Rumeng , Ding Yining , Fu Qingming , He Binsheng , Jiang Ting , Zeng Bin , Bao Meihua , Li Sen
Published: June 2024

Maintaining a balanced bile acids (BAs) metabolism is essential for lipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as fat intake and absorption. The development of obesity may be intricately linked to BAs and their conjugated compounds. Our study aims to assess how BAs influence the obesity indicators by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Instrumental variables of 5 BAs were obtained from public genome-wide association study databases, and 8 genome-wide association studies related to obesity indicators were used as outcomes. Causal inference analysis utilized inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. Sensitivity analysis involved MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out techniques to detect pleiotropy and outliers. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were assessed using the MR-Egger intercept and Cochran Q statistic, respectively. The IVW analysis revealed an odds ratio of 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.00; P = .05) for the association between glycolithocholate (GLCA) and obesity, indicating a marginal negative causal association. Consistent direction of the estimates obtained from the weighted median and MR-Egger methods was observed in the analysis of the association between GLCA and obesity. Furthermore, the IVW analysis demonstrated a suggestive association between GLCA and trunk fat percentage, with a beta value of −0.014 (95% confidence interval: −0.027, −0.0004; P = .04). Our findings suggest a potential negative causal relationship between GLCA and both obesity and trunk fat percentage, although no association survived corrections for multiple comparisons. These results indicate a trend towards a possible association between BAs and obesity, emphasizing the need for future studies.
Global trends in research of venous thromboembolism associated with lower limb joint arthroplasty: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xu Chunlei , Wang Anning , Li Dong , Zhang Huafeng , Li Hui , Li Zhijun
Published: June 2024

This study aims to visualize publications related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and lower limb joint arthroplasty to identify research frontiers and hotspots, providing references and guidance for further research. We retrieved original articles published from 1985 to 2022 and their recorded information from the Web of Science Core Collection. The search strategy used terms related to knee or hip arthroplasty and thromboembolic events. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the annual publications and citations of the included literature. The rest of the data were analyzed using the VOSviewer, citespace and R and produced visualizations of these collaborative networks. We retrieved 3543 original articles and the results showed an overall upward trend in annual publications. The United States of America had the most significant number of publications (Np) and collaborative links with other countries. McMaster University had the greatest Np. Papers published by Geerts WH in 2008 had the highest total link strength. Journal of Arthroplasty published the most articles on the research of VTE associated with lower limb joint arthroplasty. The latest research trend mainly involved “general anesthesia” “revision” and “tranexamic acid.” This bibliometric study revealed that the research on VTE after lower limb joint arthroplasty is developing rapidly. The United States of America leads in terms of both quantity and quality of publications, while European and Canadian institutions and authors also make significant contributions. Recent research focused on the use of tranexamic acid, anesthesia selection, and the VTE risk in revision surgeries.
Impact of Discontinuing Oxytocin in Active Labour on Neonatal Morbidity: An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomized Trial
Authors: Girault Aude , Sentilhes Loïc , Desbrière Raoul , Berveiller Paul , Korb Diane , Bertholdt Charline , Carrara Julie , Winer Norbert , Verspyck Eric , Boudier Eric , Barjat Tiphaine , Levy Gilles , Roth Georges Emmanuel , Kayem Gilles , Massoud Mona , Bohec Caroline , Guerby Paul , Azria Elie , Blanc Julie , Heckenroth Hélène , Rousseau Jessica , Garabedian Charles , Le Ray Camille ,   on behalf of the collaborators of the STOPOXY trial and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)
Published: June 2024

(Abstracted from Lancet 2023;402:2091–100)

Oxytocin is commonly used as part of the induction or augmentation of labor. It is administered to increase the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions, which can reduce labor duration.
Accuracy of nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire against psychiatric diagnosis for depression among people with HIV
Authors: Yotebieng Marcel , Zotova Natalia , Bernard Charlotte , Goodrich Suzanne , Awoh Ajeh Rogers , Watnick Dana , Nsonde Dominique Mahambu , Moungang Elodie Flore Tchiengang , Noumedem Julie Laure Nguemo , Mbongo’o Guy Calvin Nko’o , Minga Albert , Seydi Moussa , Gandou Paul , Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Atwoli Lukoye , Jaquet Antoine , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Anastos Kathryn ,   the IeDEA Consortium
Published: June 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) against psychiatrist diagnosis in people with HIV (PWH).

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of data collected between January 2018 and July 2022 across five sites in Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Senegal, and the Republic of Congo. Participants were ≥18 years and receiving HIV care at the participating site. PHQ-9 was administered by study staff followed by a psychiatrist's evaluation within 3 days.

Results:

Overall, 778 participants with complete data were included: 297 (38.2%) in Cameroon, 132 (17.0%) in Congo, 148 (19.0%) in Cote d’Ivoire, 98 (12.6%) in Kenya, and 103 (13.2%) in Senegal. The area under the curve for PHQ-9 score was generally high ranging from 0.935 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.893, 0.977] in Cote d’Ivoire to 0.768 (95% CI: 0.589, 0.947) in Congo. However, for the common cut-off score ≥10, sensitivity was low: 50% or lower in Cameroon, Congo and Senegal, 66.7% in Kenya and 70.6% in Cote d’Ivoire. But negative predictive values (NPV) were high: 98.9% (95% CI: 96.9%, 99.8%) in Cameroon, 96.1 (95% CI: 91.1, 98.7) in Cote d’Ivoire, 96.3% (95% CI: 89.7%, 99.2%) in Kenya, 95.7% (95% CI: 90.2%, 98.6%) in Congo, and 89.0% (95% CI: 81.2%, 94.4%) in Senegal.

Interpretation:

Across all countries, PHQ-9 score ≥10 performed very poorly (low sensitivity) as a tool to identify psychiatrist diagnosed depression. However, the observed high NPV suggests it can be used to rule out depression.
HLA Genotype Imputation Results in Largely Accurate Epitope Mismatch Risk Categorization Across Racial Groups
Authors: Cohen Gregory S. , Gareau Alison J. , Kallarakal Melissa A. , Farooq Tayyiaba , Bettinotti Maria P. , Sullivan H. Cliff , Madbouly Abeer , Krummey Scott M.
Published: June 2024

Background.

Biomarkers that predict posttransplant alloimmunity could lead to improved long-term graft survival. Evaluation of the number of mismatched epitopes between donor and recipient HLA proteins, termed molecular mismatch analysis, has emerged as an approach to classify transplant recipients as having high, intermediate, or low risk of graft rejection. When high-resolution genotypes are unavailable, molecular mismatch analysis requires algorithmic assignment, or imputation, of a high-resolution genotyping. Although imputation introduces inaccuracies in molecular mismatch analyses, it is unclear whether these inaccuracies would impact the clinical risk assessment for graft rejection.

Methods.

Using renal transplant patients and donors from our center, we constructed cohorts of surrogate donor-recipient pairs with high-resolution and low-resolution HLA genotyping that were racially concordant or discordant. We systemically assessed the impact of imputation on molecular mismatch analysis for cohorts of 180–200 donor-recipient pairs for each of 4 major racial groups. We also evaluated the effect of imputation for a racially diverse validation cohort of 35 real-world renal transplant pairs.

Results.

In the surrogate donor-recipient cohorts, imputation preserved the molecular mismatch risk category for 90.5%–99.6% of racially concordant donor-recipient pairs and 92.5%–100% of racially discordant pairs. In the validation cohort, which comprised 72% racially discordant pairs, we found that imputation preserved the molecular mismatch risk category for 97.1% of pairs.

Conclusions.

Overall, these data demonstrate that imputation preserves the molecular mismatch risk assessment in the vast majority of cases and provides evidence supporting imputation in the performance of molecular mismatch analysis for clinical assessment.
Crop booms as regime shifts
Authors: Junquera Victoria , Schlüter Maja , Rocha Juan , Wunderling Nico , Levin Simon A. , Rubenstein Daniel I. , Castella Jean-Christophe , Meyfroidt Patrick
Published: June 2024

A crop boom is a sudden, nonlinear and intense expansion of a new crop. Despite their large impacts, boom-bust dynamics are not well understood; booms are largely unpredictable and difficult to steer once they unfold. Based on the striking resemblances between land regime shifts and crop booms, we apply complex systems theory, highlighting the potential for regime shifts, to provide new insights about crop boom dynamics. We analyse qualitative and quantitative data of rubber and banana plantation expansion in two forest frontier regions of northern Laos. We show that
preconditions
, including previous booms, explain the
occurrence
(why) of booms, and
triggers
like policy and market changes explain their
timing
(when). Yet, the most important features of booms, their
intensity
and nonlinearity (how), strongly depended on internal self-reinforcing
feedbacks
. We identify built-in feedbacks (neighbourhood effects and imitation) and emergent feedbacks (land rush) and show that they were
social
in nature,
multi-scale
from plot to region and subject to thresholds. We suggest that these are regular features of booms and propose a definition and causal-mechanistic explanation of crop booms, examining the overlap between booms and regime shifts and the role of frontiers. We then identify opportunities for management interventions before, during and after booms.
Human tau promotes Warburg effect-like glycolytic metabolism under acute hyperglycemia conditions through modulating the homeostasis of protein-membrane association
Authors: Yao Jinyi , Fu Zhenli , Li Keying , Zheng Jingjing , Chen Zicong , Xu Jiahao , Lai Guoqing , Huang Yaomin , Huang Jinsheng , You Guanying , Han Shuangxue , He Zhijun , Liu Qiong , Li Nan
Published: June 2024

The neurofilaments formed by hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark of tau-related neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease, tau related FTDP-17, Pick’s disease, et al. However, the biological functions of tau and the physiological significance of its phosphorylation are still not fully understood. By using human tau (441 a.a.) transgenic (hTau) mice in which murine tau has been deleted simultaneously, murine tau knockout (Tau KO) mice and C57BL/6J (C57) mice, unexpectedly, we found that under acute hyperglycemia conditions, JNK but not previously reported GSK-3β mediated tau phosphorylation. Moreover, Akt, the upstream GSK-3β inhibitory kinase, was activated in a tau dependent manner. By comparing the membrane-associated proteome, we found that human tau influenced the homeostasis of protein-membrane association under acute hyperglycemia conditions. Of note, with respect to WT and Tau KO mice, the membrane-association of Krts, TFAM, TRAP1, mTOR et al, were strengthened by human tau. Whereas, the membrane-association of ribosomal proteins Rpls, proteasome proteins Psmds, and mitochondrial proteins, such as COXs, Ndufa1, Mtnt4, et al, were impeded by human tau. In vitro study showed that aerobic glycolysis was promoted in the presence of human tau, which maintained NAD+/NADH ratio. On the other hand, it restricted oxidative phosphorylation level, modulated the activity of SDH, and reduced ROS production upon challenging by high glucose. Furthermore, under acute high glucose conditions, the presence of human tau significantly augmented Akt activation, but inhibited 4EBP phosphorylation simultaneously, indicating that human tau is also involved in regulating the alternative activation of mTORC1/2. In summary, the current study revealed that human tau played an important role in regulating glycolytic metabolism under acute high hyperglycemia conditions, which is similar with the Warburg-effect, through influencing the homeostasis of protein-membrane association.
3D small-gain formula allowing strong focusing and harmonic lasing for a ring-based x-ray free electron laser oscillator
Authors: Yu Li Hua , Smaluk Victor , Shaftan Timur , Tiwari Ganesh , Yang Xi
Published: June 2024

We present a detailed derivation of a formula for the small-gain calculation for an x-ray free electron laser oscillator (XFELO) based on a medium-energy (3–4 GeV) storage ring. We found harmonic lasing and strong focusing are essential for this beam energy range. Taking the small-signal low-gain formula developed by Kim and his colleagues, we modified it in such a way that the gain can be calculated without the “no focusing approximation,” and a strong focusing can be applied, as well as harmonic lasing. In this formula, the gain is represented as a product of two factors with one of them depending only on the harmonic number, undulator period, and gap. Using this factor, we show that it is favorable to use harmonic lasing to achieve hard x-ray FEL working in the small-signal low-gain regime with the medium-energy electron beam. Our formula also allows FEL optimization by varying the vertical gradient of the undulator, the vertical dispersion, and the horizontal and vertical focusing, independently. As an example, we applied this formula to study the feasibility of an XFELO option for the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) upgrade. Since a quite high peak current is required for the FEL, collective effects of beam dynamics in medium-energy synchrotrons significantly affect the electron beam parameters. We carried out a multiparameter optimization taking collective effects into account. Note, even though our example is for a ring-based XFELO at 3 to 4 GeV, the formula and, in particular, the approach developed here may be applied to other types of FELs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A predicted model-aided reconstruction algorithm for X-ray free-electron laser single-particle imaging
Authors: Jiao Zhichao , He Yao , Fu Xingke , Zhang Xin , Geng Zhi , Ding Wei
Published: June 2024

Ultra-intense, ultra-fast X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable the imaging of single protein molecules under ambient temperature and pressure. A crucial aspect of structure reconstruction involves determining the relative orientations of each diffraction pattern and recovering the missing phase information. In this paper, we introduce a predicted model-aided algorithm for orientation determination and phase retrieval, which has been tested on various simulated datasets and has shown significant improvements in the success rate, accuracy and efficiency of XFEL data reconstruction.
Toward a conceptual framework characterizing the interplay of interest development, information search, and knowledge construction (ISK) in Children’s learning
Authors: Jung Yong Ju , Liu Jiqun
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to demonstrate a holistic, multifaceted framework of interest development, information search, and knowledge construction (ISK) on children’s diverse information search behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

By reviewing previous literature on children’s interest development, online information seeking and search, and knowledge construction, we propose the ISK framework. Then, we provide example case studies with pilot analyses using qualitative approaches (e.g. video-based interaction analysis, thematic analysis) showing how the framework can be applied to different types of authentic information-seeking situations for children.

Findings

The ISK framework demonstrates the multifaceted interplays between children’s information behavior and their cognitive and affective development. This framework was supported using previous studies and pilot empirical applications. We also included potential research questions that could be addressed using the framework.

Originality/value

Our paper provides a conceptual grounding to an in-depth, multidimensional understanding of children’s information behavior, which have been limitedly addressed in previous studies. Considering that children begin to search from their early stage of development and their search behaviors are tightly associated with other developmental states, our paper highlights the importance of investigating children’s search and information seeking and provides theoretical and empirical implications.
Paths of knowledge sharing of core and periphery users in online health communities: social support perspective
Authors: Ye Binhua , Chen Chaoran , Zhang Jiantong
Published: June 2024

Purpose

What’s the flow path of knowledge sharing among members in online health community (OHC)? Exploration of this issue could shed light on mechanisms behind user knowledge sharing and interaction on OHC, but few studies have focused on it. This study is going to address this research gap and to provide richer support for subsequent knowledge management related research.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the core-periphery effect, this study combines content analysis and social network analysis to portray the paths of different types of social support for core and periphery users from social support perspective.

Findings

Results reveal that the core users follow a pattern of high-stage and low-stage users with distinct needs, while the path pattern of the edge user group mainly consists support from high-stage to low-stage users. Results show that there is apparent distinction between the paths of emotional and informational support between core and periphery users. For core users, emotional support flows from lower stage users to higher stage users, while informational support follows the opposite direction. For periphery users, the paths of emotional support and informational support are identical, with both flowing from higher stage users to lower stage users.

Originality/value

This study explores the flow paths of information support and emotional support for core and periphery users, and discovers the different patterns of these two types of users, providing theoretical guidance for platform administrators to manage users more efficiently and ensure the sustainable development of the platform.
The mediating role of career resilience on Gen Z’s emotional intelligence and career outcomes
Authors: Barhate Bhagyashree , Winton Bradley G , Maugh Funderburk Casey
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of career resilience (CR) on Generation Z’s emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived career outcomes such as career satisfaction (CSAT), burnout and intention to leave a career. In its short organizational tenure, Gen Z has faced the adverse effects of global events affecting their views of career and, ultimately, CR.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey method was used to test the hypothesized relationship. A total sample of 160 respondents were assessed. Hypotheses in this study were tested by using Hayes’s (2018) PROCESS tool based on OLS regression and with a bootstrap method.

Findings

The most significant finding of this study concludes that although small, CR has a positive mediating indirect effect on Gen Z’s CSAT and burnout. However, contrary to past findings, we found a negative relationship between Gen Z’s EI and CR. Furthermore, although EI and CSAT have a positive relationship, CR and CSAT are negatively correlated. Meanwhile, Gen Z’s EI through CR positively affects Gen Z’s CSAT.

Research limitations/implications

The study has implications for how organizations can attract, retain and engage Gen Z.

Originality/value

Despite Gen Z being a part of the workforce for at least six years, limited empirical research on Gen Z has been published. Indeed, Gen Z’s workforce inexperience does not yield in-depth explanations of CR concepts; however, as we continue to learn more about Gen Z and their interactions with the work environment, the authors begin to get a peek into the future of the workforce.
A bibliometric analysis of global research on education in the Scopus database, 2013–2022
Authors: Maral Muammer
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of scientific knowledge in educational research over the past decade. The analysis aims to identify contributions to the field of education and trends in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 117,870 publications from 335 education journals in the Scopus database between 2013 and 2022.

Findings

This study shows educational research has increased consistently over the past decade. The USA showed high productivity, while the Netherlands produced the most impactful publications. The USA, UK and Australia have the highest research collaboration. Country collaboration network is divided into two blocks, comprising Western and Eastern countries, with the USA and the UK acting as bridges between these country groups. The bibliographic coupling analysis revealed that educational research is categorized into 11 clusters. Recent educational research aims to address the challenges in education, adapt to the changing technological, economic and social landscape and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

Originality/value

This study analysed over 100 thousand publications to identify the latest trends in educational research and highlight current developments in the field.
Promoting equity and equality in student learning: principals as social justice leaders in Kuwaiti schools
Authors: Alajmi Munirah
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to explore school principals' perceptions of social justice in a centralized school setting in Kuwait, as well as the challenges they face when promoting equity and equality for students' learning in schools.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 public school principals from Kuwait's six educational districts.

Findings

The results revealed that principals' experiences and unique perspectives shape their definitions of social justice within their schools. Some school principals see social justice as ensuring fairness and equal opportunities for every student regardless of their backgrounds. Others focus on creating an inclusive and supportive environment. The results also showed that limited resources, institutional barriers, limited autonomy, lack of training, and some ministerial laws are among the challenges that school principals face in promoting equity and equality.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are informative to policymakers and other educational stakeholders. Practical suggestions are provided to improve school principals' social justice leadership practices.

Originality/value

This study adds to the empirical knowledge of school principals' role in promoting equity and equality for student learning in a centralized school setting and attempts to reduce the social justice leadership gap in schools.