bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underground Activity of Captain Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski in the Years 1939-1943
Authors: Wątor Agnieszka
Published: June 2015

The aim of this article is to present the life and underground activities of Cpt. Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski (1907-2008) in the years 1939-1943. This article is based on the analysis of documents (in most cases made available by the Institute of National Remembrance) of interrogations and the story of Ostrowski’s life, frequently given by himself during this time. The information was confronted and supplemented with that included in published works and interviews with witnesses. Capt. Boleslaw Nieczuja-Ostrowski was born on September 29, 1907 in Halicz. He began his career as a soldier in 1928. In September 1939 he fought in the area of Różan thogether with the 115 Infantry Regiment, a part of the 41 Reserve Infantry Division (and later the 116 Infantry Regiment). He was captured by Germans on September 29. After his escape in October 1939, in Soviet-occupied Lviv he did conspiracy work: he established the „Lviv” Polish Military Organisation and then, upon the orders of Colonel Jan Sokołowski (codename Trzaska), became Commander of the Union of Armed Struggle of the City of Lviv. After leaving Lviv in May 1941, he was appointed to the position of weapons officer on the staff of the Krakow District of ZWZ. In August of 1942 he was entrusted with the organization and command of Chief Clandestine Weapons Production Command of AK Kraków District, codenamed „Insurance Office” (which dealt with the production of explosives, grenades, mines and later machine guns). In August of 1943, Kraków District Commander Col. Joseph Spychalski promoted Ostrowski to the rank of Major. In addition, from 15 September 1943, he was appointed Commander of the Miechów Inspectorate.
Volatility Risks and Growth Options
Authors: Ai Hengjie , Kiku Dana
Published: June 2015

We propose to measure growth opportunities by firms’ exposure to idiosyncratic volatility news. Theoretically, we show that the value of a growth option increases in idiosyncratic volatility but its response to volatility of aggregate shocks can be either positive or negative depending on option moneyness. Empirically, we show that price sensitivity to variation in idiosyncratic volatility carries significant information about firms’ future investment and growth even after controlling for conventional proxies of growth options such as book-to-market and other relevant firm characteristics. Consistent with our theoretical arguments, we also find that firm’ exposure to aggregate volatility, while priced, does not help predict their future growth. Option-intensive firms identified using our idiosyncratic volatility-based measure earn a lower premium than do firms that rely more heavily on assets in place.

This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Repeated Interactions and Improved Outcomes: An Empirical Analysis of Movie Production in the United States
Authors: Narayan Vishal , Kadiyali Vrinda
Published: June 2015

Many marketing activities take place within teams; these team activities often involve repeated interactions among team members over several projects. We study whether and what types of repeated interactions improve current production success, and under what conditions. We use a unique data set of past experience, successes, and pairwise interactions between members of production teams of 1,123 movies and employ dynamic panel data estimation methods. Three unique insights emerge. Interactions between the producer and other team members have a greater effect on revenues than other repeated pairs for which consumers might have preferences. In many instances, repeated interactions with current team members are more revenue enhancing than individual successes in past movies. In fact, repeated interactions between team members improve current revenues even if such interactions were unsuccessful. We discuss theoretical explanations for these results and the managerial implications for successful team formation in movie production.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2139 .

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Consignment Contracts with Revenue Sharing for a Capacitated Retailer and Multiple Manufacturers
Authors: Lim Yun Fong , Wang Yunzeng , Wu Yue
Published: June 2015

We consider a retailer with limited storage capacity selling n independent products. Each product is produced by a distinct manufacturer, who is offered a consignment contract with revenue sharing by the retailer. The retailer first sets a common revenue share for all products, and each manufacturer then determines the retail price and production quantity for his product. Under certain conditions on price elasticities and cost fractions, we find a unique optimal revenue share for all products. Surprisingly, it is optimal for the retailer not to charge any storage fee in many situations even if she is allowed to do so. Both the retailer’s and manufacturers’ profits first increase and then remain constant as the capacity increases, which implies that an optimal capacity exists. We also find that the decentralized system requires no larger storage space than the centralized system at the expense of channel profit. If products are complementary, as the degree of complementarity increases, the retailer will decrease her revenue share to encourage the manufacturers to lower their prices.
Dynamic Pricing and Learning with Finite Inventories
Authors: den Boer Arnoud V. , Zwart Bert
Published: June 2015

We study a dynamic pricing problem with finite inventory and parametric uncertainty on the demand distribution. Products are sold during selling seasons of finite length, and inventory that is unsold at the end of a selling season perishes. The goal of the seller is to determine a pricing strategy that maximizes the expected revenue. Inference on the unknown parameters is made by maximum-likelihood estimation.

We show that this problem satisfies an endogenous learning property, which means that the unknown parameters are learned on the fly if the chosen selling prices are sufficiently close to the optimal ones. We show that a small modification to the certainty equivalent pricing strategy—which always chooses the optimal price w.r.t. current parameter estimates—satisfies Regret(T) = O(log2(T)), where Regret(T) measures the expected cumulative revenue loss w.r.t. a clairvoyant who knows the demand distribution. We complement this upper bound by showing an instance for which the regret of any pricing policy satisfies Ω(log T).
Intencionalidade incorporada: intersecção entre a diversidade e os estudos das práticas organizacionais
Authors: Figueiredo Marina Dantas de
Published: June 2015

Neste artigo, abordamos a questão da diversidade organizacional a partir das teorias da prática. O objetivo é apresentar a ideia de intencionalidade incorporada para explicar como as práticas se mantêm fundamentalmente ligadas a um cerne, enraizado no corpus social e no corpo de quem as perpetua. A partir dessa ideia, buscamos discutir as intersecções possíveis entre os estudos sobre a diversidade e os estudos sobre as práticas organizacionais. Concluímos que a inserção da diversidade no âmbito das práticas, desde a perspectiva da corporeidade, traz à luz a complexidade a ser desvendada e o cuidado metodológico a ser perseguido nas pesquisas empíricas realizadas em organizações, uma vez que as interações são múltiplas e requerem uma compreensão de ordem fenomenológica.
Comunicação organizacional e semiótica: o caso Jornal do Ônibus
Authors: Diniz Rangel José , Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, sob uma perspectiva semiótica (PEIRCE, 1935; SANTAELLA, 1983), a comunicação organizacional do Jornal do Ônibus, um veículo de comunicação da BHTrans, de Belo Horizonte. A pesquisa foi baseada em procedimentos da semiótica relacionados, em particular, à primeiridade, à secundidade e à terceiridade. Os principais resultados indicam que há no Jornal do Ônibus mais signos a serem interpretados e assimilados em suas ilustrações do que em seu texto, acarretando um impacto expressivo pelo amplo uso de signos. Esse jornal é eficaz ao usar uma linguagem baseada em elementos pictóricos ligados a uma linguagem escrita, sendo a primeiridade visualmente exuberante. As principais contribuições deste estudo mostram que a funcionalidade da comunicação não converte a semiótica em algo descendente e que, ao tratar de linguagens e signos hoje considerados alheios ao mundo da organização, a semiótica traz um avanço para os estudos organizacionais, possibilitando uma ampliação desse conceito.
A sociabilidade e a forma de organizar: interpretações simmelianas em um projeto social
Authors: Chiesa Carolina Dalla , Kihara Silvia Regina
Published: June 2015

A partir de um estudo de inspiração etnográfica, apresentamos os aspectos que possibilitaram a consecução de um projeto chamado Voto Como Vamos, tendo em vista suas condições de realização: um projeto de conscientização política realizado sem apoio institucional ou financeiro que sustentasse as atividades ao longo de seu planejamento e execução, e sem vínculos formais estabelecidos entre os participantes do projeto. Para tanto, enfocamos uma interpretação do cotidiano organizacional à luz da sociabilidade simmeliana, articulando essa reflexão à maneira pela qual o projeto foi organizado e aos interesses das pessoas que nele atuaram. As conclusões apontam para a compreensão da sociabilidade como um fundamento da ação organizacional, nesse caso, caracterizada como coletivista. Tanto a causa social do projeto como sua forma de organização – horizontal, com pouca hierarquia e informalidade – estão em intrínseca relação com a presença de interações da sociabilidade no cotidiano do grupo.
Profiting from destruction
Authors: Andrew Smith
Published: June 2015

The corrupt relationships between states and arms dealers means billions are spent on devastation. Andrew Smith asks: why can't the UK divert its military spending to peaceful green energy initiatives?
Welfare reform, disabled people and fuel poverty
Authors: Snell Carolyn , Bevan Mark , Thomson Harriet
Published: June 2015

There is limited evidence that explicitly considers the relationship between fuel poverty and disabled people. Additionally, within English policy, disabled people are treated as a single group with homogenous needs, despite both highly varied needs and eligibility for fuel poverty or welfare support. Given this gap in knowledge the paper investigates the relationship between fuel poverty and disabled people in the context of policy change. The paper reports research on: the extent of fuel poverty among households containing disabled people; the relationship between tenure, disability and fuel poverty; and the relationship between fuel poverty policy support and disabled people.
Embodied dreaming in the archive
Authors: Gaffney Sheila
Published: June 2015

The research purpose of my article is to use writing to interrogate a sculpture project of my own, using the psychic framework presented in the psychoanalytical theories of Christopher Bollas so as to retrieve actions, methods and process as case studies to support my claim. As a sculptor I will write through the ‘Others’ project to narrate, analyse and interpret my practice as it existed in, with and through the archive. Writing is not the moment of the production of art, but it offers the best opportunity to record my own projects as a sculptor. A photographic record would satisfy methods of observation, description, process and action. However, writing particularly allows me to additionally identify and articulate the theory in sculpture in terms of the work of sculpture itself. My narrative aims to evidence the idea of the psychic dimension of practice within the production of sculpture and, hopefully, contribute to sculptural theory and pedagogy.
Precious?
Authors: Bate Toni , Garland Liz
Published: June 2015

The costume industry regularly utilizes vintage clothing for performance in theatre and film. Reflecting on garments previously encountered during a career in this industry, the authors contemplate the lives and purpose of such items and their role within a working costume store. Discussion with professionals from various backgrounds evokes a wide range of questions and differing opinions surrounding the idea of value in this context, producing a subjective reaction with no definitive answer. This article contextualizes these questions through the study of a single item of historical clothing currently used as costume, encouraging the reader to consider how the value of such pieces is perceived. The concept of the costume stock room as an accessible, living archive is explored in relation to the recognized traditional archival structure of a museum store where conservation and preservation have priority.
The archive of unrealized devices
Authors: Stansbie Lisa
Published: June 2015

Google Patents is an eight-year-old virtual searchable database containing the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO) patents, with US patent applications dating back to 1790. This searchable online archive of invention, novelty and innovation is a valuable tool for designers and researchers. As a point of departure for recent art-based research, Google Patents online database is mined by me as a creative practitioner. As an artist-hacker, the found material used in my research arises from patent searches for fantastical machines and devices developed to assist with swimming, dating from the 1870s to the early twentieth century. The retrieved patent, etched drawings and information evidence an understanding of a new sport at particular moments in time. However, almost all of these patents remained ‘unrealized’, only contained within the drawing and text of the patent itself. These patents are used as the visual and conceptual basis for The Swimming Machine Archive (2014), a growing body of collages featuring fictional devices for moving through water.
Negotiating the archive
Authors: Carson Jonathan , Miller Rosie
Published: June 2015

Collaborative artists Carson & Miller’s project with the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art utilizes their established practice of play. The project explores the physical and conceptual spaces of this museum’s archive. Carson & Miller’s play encompasses a variety of games; between themselves, as well as games that have drawn in visitors and staff. These games have proven to be a fruitful strategy for piercing the archive; its physical presence, its mass and meaning, its availability to the visitor. This article is informed by Roland Barthes’ punctum and explores how these archive games have opened up opportunities for interaction, handling and touch in its physical, sensual and intellectual senses.
Introducing the Archive of Nothingness (AON) – a co-curated digital archive and live research project
Authors: Powell Anna , Heys Paul
Published: June 2015

The Archive of Nothingness (AON) addresses the connections between art and graphic design; their present-day functions and manifestations and their simultaneously disparate yet interlinked histories, as well as discussions around the role, influence and ‘authority’ of archives, archivists, exhibitions and curators. Designed to resemble the adjacent pages of an open book and to act as a ‘mirror’ which presents images and ideas in (questionable, uncertain) parallel(s), it is based around a Tumblr weblog site. With the dual function of contributing to a mass of online visual information; participating in an existing world-wide dialogue, while also functioning self-reflexively and critically, it provides a vehicle for data collection which simultaneously acts as an ongoing and potentially infinite piece of ‘living’ research. Encompassing a set of binaries, the site is at once regulated and organic, static and kinetic, planned and spontaneous, concrete and indeterminate – and intentionally open to interpretation.
That which is not yet there
Authors: Mills Allie , Power Jess , Bailey Rowan , Walker Martyn
Published: June 2015

In 1949 Bretton Hall College was founded as a Teacher Training College designed for the promotion of art education in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It opened with 56 students and by 1964 the college had expanded significantly resulting in an extensive building programme encompassing nine student hostels, a music block, gymnasium, sanatorium, dining hall, library and Principal’s residence. In 2014, 50 years on, the site is earmarked for development and many of the 1964 buildings are potentially going to be demolished. This research will adopt a psychogeographical approach to the site of the college by transposing the 1964 campus map onto the existing landscape to produce a juxtaposition of narratives that exist in the space and supported by secondary data from the National Arts Education Archive at Yorkshire Sculpture Park (NAEA). This retrieval method – allowing what was once there and what is there now – creates a new archive of experience before the 1964 campus map route disappears forever.
Tom Hudson’s archive – Methodologies of intervention
Authors: Tibbetts Suzi
Published: June 2015

This article reveals how submersion in, and appropriation of, the archive has shaped my teaching practice at Leeds College of Art. Engagement with Tom Hudson’s archive, housed at the National Arts Education Archive (NAEA) at Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP), inadvertently became a piece of writing about my own teaching practice in the role Hudson had held 50 years previously. Using archival documents amassed throughout Hudson’s teaching career, I investigated both his pedagogy and teaching philosophy, and found myself developing appropriated project briefs within my own curriculum planning. A methodology of intervention emerged from my research, which began with hermeneutical methods employed within the archive. This engagement with Hudson’s collection became a piece of reflective writing about my own teaching practice at Leeds College of Art, at a time of renewed interest in Art Education History. This will be explored using both images and words, to reveal the insights gained from working with an archive and the direct use of its materials in a contemporary context.
Sculptural substance
Authors: Bailey Rowan , Reeve Hester
Published: June 2015

This interview took place inside the National Arts Education Archive at Yorkshire Sculpture Park (NAEA) in November 2014. Whilst there is a necessary focus on Hester Reeve’s most recent project YMEDACA – a re-mapping of Yorkshire Sculpture Park through the features of Plato’s ‘Academos’ – the dialogue also moves its way through the archive’s important role in the process and formation of the project. We were keen to hold our discussion inside the archive itself; to allow the space to hold us while we negotiated the terrain of sculptural thinking. This was our first meeting and what follows is a partial transcription of our three-hour discussion. We would like our exchange to honour the 30 year-anniversary of the NAEA.
30 años de la Autonomía de Castilla-La Mancha: ¿ordenación territorial o pentaprovincia?
Authors: Pillet Capdepón Félix
Published: June 2015

Tras 30 años del Estado de las Autonomías nos parece oportuno estudiar el origen y desarrollo de Castilla-La Mancha, uno de los territorios pluriprovinciales con mayores problemas de ordenación integral, haciendo una breve referencia al pasado, a Castilla la Nueva. De la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha nos ha interesado analizar el desarrollo territorial en sus distintas escalas, así como la política de ordenación territorial del conjunto regional, señalando la aportación llevada a cabo desde la Geografía.
El clima de la Cordillera Cantábrica castellano-leonesa: diversidad, contrastes y cambios
Authors: Ortega Villazán María Teresa , Morales Rodríguez Carlos G.
Published: June 2015

Se realiza la caracterización del clima de la Cordillera Cantábrica en Castilla y León, resaltando los rasgos que la singularizan a partir del análisis de sus variables térmicas y pluviométricas, expresadas de forma numérica y cartográfica. La impronta del relieve, la transición climática zonal y meridiana, y el cambio observado en algunas variables desde los años 90 a la actualidad, son aspectos a destacar.
Impacto de los eventos de sequía en la región de la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna Sauce Grande (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Carbone María E. , Fornerón Claudia F. , Piccolo María C.
Published: June 2015

La distribución e intensidad de los extremos hídricos provoca un impacto directo sobre las actividades humanas. Las características particulares de los eventos secos y húmedos ocurridos en la región de la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna Sauce Grande, durante el período 1971- 2010, se analizan mediante la aplicación del Índice de severidad de sequía de Palmer. El 49% de los casos analizados correspondieron a sequías débiles, e incipientes. Los valores más extremos de eventos secos (-4.31) ocasionaron daños irreparables en los rendimientos de granos, que disminuyeron un 19% respecto al promedio actual. Durante los meses estivales se observaron los casos secos severos y extremos (12%). Se identificaron los períodos secos que mayor injerencia tuvieron sobre la producción agrícola ganadera de la región, sucedidas durante los años 2008 y 2009, la relación existente entre los valores de los índices severos y extremos en la morfometría de la laguna y estuario del río Sauce Grande.
La organización de la atención sociosanitaria a las personas mayores en Extremadura
Authors: García Paredes Celeste , Nieto Masot Ana
Published: June 2015

En una sociedad marcada por estar inmersa en un proceso de envejecimiento latente, una adecuada organización de los recursos sociosanitarios encaminados a cubrir las necesidades de las personas mayores, es totalmente necesaria. Con este planteamiento, se revisará la distribución actual y la situación real entre la oferta y la demanda en las residencias geriátricas y en los centros de día repartidos por todo el territorio extremeño, con el fin de detectar los posibles desajustes estructurales entre el grado de envejecimiento y la oferta de servicios sociosanitarios.
QUIRÓS CASTILLO, J.A. (2013): La materialidad de la historia. La arqueología en los inicios del siglo XXI. Ed. Akal, Madrid, 368 p.
Authors: Giménez Font Pablo
Published: June 2015

La presente aportación sobre el libro dirigido por el profesor Juan Antonio Quirós Castillo podría titularse una reflexión sobre la arqueología ante los ojos de un geógrafo. Exactamente, en mi condición de geógrafo histórico, he podido leer el libro La materialidad de la historia con el interés de quien tiene ante sí un actualizado estado de la cuestión de la arqueología histórica y también una reflexión profunda sobre sus objetivos y salidas profesionales. Los autores, prestigiosos arqueólogos españoles con la participación de John Moreland (University of Sheffield), han conseguido elaborar un estudio bien planteado que comienza con una serie de reflexiones epistemológicas en el contexto de los retos que se plantean para la disciplina (¿el fin de la arqueología?, titula Quirós-Castillo) para tratar de evaluar los ámbitos de aplicación profesional en el presente, con una especial referencia a la situación de España.
Crisis y planificación territorial turística neoliberal en las Islas Baleares
Authors: Blázquez Salom Macià , Artigues Bonet Antonio Alberto , Yrigoy Cadena Ismael
Published: June 2015

Algunos de los enclaves turísticos más emblemáticos de las Islas Baleares (Platja de Palma, Magaluf, Platja d’en Bossa y Son Bou) vienen atrayendo en los últimos años el interés de capitales que promueven su transformación y crecimiento. En este contexto, las administraciones públicas han cedido la orientación de las líneas maestras de la planificación territorial turística y de la  reconversión de enclaves maduros a las iniciativas de algunas grandes cadenas hoteleras. Siguiendo este proceso, los  inmuebles de alojamiento turístico pueden, mediante su fragmentación y cambio de uso, fluir hacia el circuito secundario de acumulación de capital.
El origen del turismo viajero italiano a lo largo del Camino de Santiago
Authors: Lopez Lucrezia , Lois González Rubén Camilo
Published: June 2015

Desde principios del siglo IX hasta los años ochenta del siglo XX, las imágenes de Santiago de Compostela y del Camino han sido asociadas a religión y peregrinación. Las peregrinaciones fueron primeras formas de desplazamiento del ser humano, luego se convirtieron en viajes sagrados, y finalmente algunas de las metas se han vuelto destinos turísticos. Esta movilidad de peregrinos y viajeros ha dado lugar a cambios y contactos interculturales que, entre varias aportaciones, han propiciado la difusión de imágenes de Santiago de Compostela y del Camino. Desde una perspectiva integradora geográfica, se aborda el origen del fenómeno turístico italiano hacia Santiago de Compostela a través de uno de los medios de comunicación empleados por los primeros viajeros y turistas: la literatura de viaje. La misma es la fuente del presente estudio, en el cual se realiza una recopilación y análisis de las más significativas obras italianas jacobeas desde el siglo XIV al siglo XVIII. Se adopta una metodología de investigación cualitativa al fin de valorar las dinámicas y los factores claves del despliegue histórico del Camino y de Santiago de Compostela en términos turísticos. Asimismo, la investigación está finalizada a individualizar los atributos asociados a la imagen urbana compostelana y a la imagen del Camino jacobeo en su proceso de construcción, difusión y consolidación de destino turístico en el mercado italiano. El resultado es la valoración del contenido en clave turística, otorgando a estas primeras obras literarias el rango de guías de viaje.
Conexiones de viaje, turismo, tecnología y cohesión social en un mundo móvil
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: June 2015

REVIEW
Refundacja leków a równy dostęp do świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej
Authors: Lach Daniel Eryk
Published: June 2015

Przedmiotem opracowania jest przedstawienie zasad dotyczących refundacji leków ustalonych w ustawie refundacyjnej z 12 maja 2011 r. na tle przepisów ustawy zdrowotnej z 27 sierpnia 2004 r. w kontekście konstytucyjnego obowiązku zapewniania obywatelom równego dostępu do świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej finansowanej ze środków publicznych. Pokazano w nim również dynamiczną realizację tego obowiązku jako przykład działania ustawodawcy prowadzącego do urzeczywistnienia zasady z art. 68 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP.
Dynamic response of earlywood and latewood within annual growth ring structure of Scots pine subjected to changing relative humidity
Authors: Krzemień Leszek , Strojecki Marcin , Wroński Sebastian , Tarasiuk Jacek , Łukomski Michał
Published: June 2015

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was subjected to relative humidity (RH) changes, and the dynamic strain field on the surface and in the bulk wood was monitored by digital speckle pattern interferometry and X-ray computed microtomography assisted by digital volume correlation. If a freely shrinking specimen was subjected to an RH decrement, earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) at the surface layer were deformed in the opposite directions at the beginning of drying due to moisture gradient across the specimen. As a result, the surface and core behaved as independent sub-components, with the surface restrained in its response by the dimensionally unchanged core. With time, both LW and EW shrank as moisture content (MC) became uniform across the specimen. When an entire wood specimen was restrained from movement and desiccated in ambient RH, EW was stretched to compensate for the considerable shrinkage of LW. Knowledge about surface deformation at the annual ring level as a function of varying RH may be helpful to assess the risks associated with the damage of paint layers caused by fluctuations of ambient RH.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Solidification Quality of ESR Ingots
Authors: Shi Xiaofang , Chang Lizhong , Wang Jianjun
Published: June 2015

A novel electroslag furnace with the ultrasonic treatment was fabricated in this study. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the compact density and segregation degree of alloys were studied. Results show that the distribution of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium and phosphorus become uniform with increase of the ultrasonic power when the ultrasonic power is between 0 and 700 W. But when the ultrasonic power increases to 1,000 W, segregation of alloy elements increases instead. The reasonable ultrasonic power is favorable for improvement of compact density of electroslag remelting (ESR) ingots. When the ultrasonic power increases to 700 W from 0, compact density of ESR ingots increases to 0.9618 from 0.9479 and decreases to 0.9517 when the ultrasonic power increases to 1,000 W. This occurrence is attributed to the cavitation and acoustic flows effect of the ultrasonic which break off the dendritic crystal in the mushy zone and increase crystal nucleus. At the same time, the heat transfer and mass transfer are accelerated which make the distribution of temperature and alloying element more homogeneous. But the excessive ultrasonic power is not conducive to the improvement of solidification structure.
Synthesis of Posnjakite Nanoparticles in the Presence of a New Capping Agent
Authors: Bazarganipour Mehdi , Sahebi-Harandi Mahnaz , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: June 2015

Posnjakite nanoparticles, Cu4SO4(OH)6 · H2O, were synthesized by utilizing a new thio-Schiff base ligand as new capping agent via a microwave approach. The effects of molar ratio, surfactants, heating time and microwave power on morphology of the product were investigated. The as-synthesized posnjakite nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The effects of different parameters such as the molar ratio, surfactants, microwave power and irradiation time on the morphology of the products were investigated. Moreover, adsorption of methylene orange dye on posnjakite nanoparticles was considered and the uptake percent was determined to be >65% in 200 min.
The foundations of interdisciplinary fellowship training in adolescent medicine in the United States
Authors: Bravender Terrill
Published: June 2015

The field of adolescent medicine, having developed from the specialty of Pediatrics, encompasses a holistic and developmental approach from its very origin. While its foundations were in medicine, early leaders in the field emphasized the importance of mental health care as well as nutrition, public health, and social justice. As the specialty became further established in the US with the creation of an academic society, board certification and training program accreditation, the interdisciplinary nature of adolescent medicine practice and training became formalized. This formal recognition brought with it strict guidelines with regards training and board certification. Despite the often Byzantinian training requirements, an interdisciplinary approach forms the core of adolescent medicine practice, and the incorporation of interdisciplinary training is a necessity for graduate medical education programs in the field of adolescent medicine.
A different training model for adolescent medicine: a PhD program in Turkey, where adolescent medicine is not currently a sub-specialty at this stage
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Kanbur Nuray , Derman Orhan
Published: June 2015

Adolescent medicine is currently not a certified subspecialty by the Ministry of Health in Turkey. Until recently, no subspecialty education was available for pediatricians interested in pursuing a career in this field. To compensate for the lack of training opportunities in the field, to meet the needs of adolescents and to increase research and strengthen scientific knowledge in the area of adolescent medicine, a doctoral program was established in 2004 by the Division of Adolescent Medicine under the Institute of Child Health at Hacettepe University in Ankara. This paper discusses the opportunities provided by the program, describing the pros and cons of such a course and what the program aims to achieve. This unique program provides pediatricians with extended postgraduate, subspecialty education in adolescent health care. We believe that the adolescent medicine PhD program at Hacettepe University could be a model for educating health care professionals in this field in other countries where there are not established fellowship programs.
LEAH interdisciplinary training program
Authors: Robbins Cynthia L. , Rickert Vaughn D.
Published: June 2015

This article describes the Leadership Education in Adolescent Health (LEAH) interdisciplinary training program in the United States. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau authorized by legislation provides monies to train leaders in adolescent health through a competitive grant process. Currently, seven academic medical centers have funding to provide leadership in adolescent health (LEAH) training in five core disciplines: medicine, nursing, psychology, social work and nutrition. LEAH training programs both ensure high clinical competence in core disciplines serving adolescents and prepare trainees for leadership positions in adolescent health and public health care realms. Together, these programs trained almost 1000 long-term trainees across these five disciplines, and graduates from these programs are working in 45 of the 50 states within the United States. About 90% of these graduates are working with maternal and child/adolescent health populations, and almost all have held leadership positions in the areas of public health, advocacy, public policy, academic medical centers and/or clinical care settings.
Training international medical graduate clinical fellows: the challenges and opportunities for adolescent medicine programs
Authors: Goldberg Eudice
Published: June 2015

Adolescent medicine achieved accreditation status first in the United States in 1994 and then in Canada in 2008 and even if it is not an accredited subspecialty in most other Western nations, it has still become firmly established as a distinct discipline. This has not necessarily been the case in some developing countries, where even the recognition of adolescence as a unique stage of human development is not always acknowledged. The program at SickKids in Toronto has prided itself in treating its international medical graduates (IMG) clinical fellows the same as their Canadian subspecialty residents by integrating them seamlessly into the training program. Although this approach has been laudable to a great extent, it may have fallen short in formally acknowledging and addressing the challenges that the IMG trainees have had to overcome. Moving forward, faculty must be trained and supports instituted that are geared specifically towards these challenges. This must be done on a formal basis to ensure both the success of the trainees as well as the overall enrichment of the fellowship training programs.
Adolescent health in Asia: insights from Singapore
Authors: Oh Jean-Yin , Rajasegaran Kumudhini
Published: June 2015

The introduction of adolescent medicine as a medical subspecialty in Singapore was a welcome in an evolving health care system that is unique in terms of both efficiency, in financing and the results achieved in community health outcomes. The Ministry of Health (MOH) already recognized the need to accommodate the health care concerns related to adolescent psychosocial health risk behaviors and an increased prevalence of young people living with chronic illness. The challenge for the pioneer team of physicians trained in adolescent medicine was to develop and sustain a model of care that integrated (i) core clinical services that include quality measures of care to adolescents; (ii) professional development and capacity building needing an expansive teaching agenda at every level of health education; (iii) strong inter-sectorial collaborations within hospital and community partners; and (iv) robust research and evaluation strategies that keep clinical practice relevant and evidence based.
Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oil and Carotenoids from Microwave-Dried Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) Aril
Authors: Kha Tuyen C. , Nguyen Minh H. , Roach Paul D. , Stathopoulos Costas E.
Published: June 2015

The study aimed to optimise the ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of oil, β-carotene and lycopene from powdered microwave-dried gac arils. Ultrasound power, extraction time, powder particle size and the ratio of water to gac powder during the extraction, the centrifugal force used to recover the extracted components were investigated. Microwave-drying followed by aqueous extraction without ultrasound-assistance and air-drying followed by aqueous extraction with or without ultrasound-assistance was also carried out for comparisons. The gac material left behind after the extractions was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that ultrasound power of 32 W/g of aril powder, extraction time of 20 min, powder particle sizes of 0.3–0.5 mm, a ratio of water to powder of 9 g/g and a centrifugal force of 6,750×g gave optimal extraction efficiencies for oil (90%), β-carotene (84%) and lycopene (83%), and the oil had a low peroxide value (PV) of 2.2 meq/kg. The SEM analysis confirmed that the combination of microwave-drying followed by ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction caused strong disruption of the gac aril cellular structures, which was consistent with the high extraction of oil, β-carotene and lycopene obtained with the combination. It was concluded that gac oil containing high amounts of β-carotene and lycopene and having a low PV could be extracted using microwave-drying and ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction.
Amniotic fluid as a source of multipotent cells for clinical use
Authors: Young Bruce K. , Chan Michael K. , Liu Li , Basch Ross S.
Published: June 2015

Amniotic fluid cells (AFC) from 2
Leibnizian Rejection of Standard Thought Experiments against Identity of Indiscernibles
Authors: Maunu Ari
Published: June 2015

It is argued that from a genuine Leibnizian point of view the well-known thought experiment, call it BTE, involving a possible world with only two exactly similar objects, cannot be used to refute Leibniz’s principle of the identity of indiscernibles (LIdI). If the claim that there are two objects in BTE is based on primitive thisnesses, the Leibnizian objection is that there are no such things; and even if there were, then, quite generally, something true of one object – that it has its primitive thisness – would not be true of the other. Secondly, if the duality claim is based on a primitive, irreducible relation of distinctness, the Leibnizian objection is that there are no irreducible relations. Finally, if it is said that the (putatively) two objects in BTE cannot be separately individuated, then BTE is not a counter-example to LIdI, because if there is no individuation, there are no individuals either, while LIdI presupposes that there are individuals.
Curiosity Kills the Categories: A Dilemma about Categories and Modality
Authors: Allen Sophie R.
Published: June 2015

This paper argues that it is implausible to treat philosophical categories as if they exist as a matter of necessity, and implausible to deny that they do. The former because it restricts the modal range which can be characterized, thereby violating the principle of plenitude with respect to all possibilities; and the latter because it results in there being no stable, univocal way of characterizing those very possibilities, resulting in the range of what there is becoming a pluralist patchwork of distinct and potentially incompatible collections of categories which lack any unifying ontological principle. Some potential responses to this observation are then briefly explored, including restricting categories or modality by stipulation, treating categories as instrumental, or finding a way in which the apparently competing systems of categories can be unified.
Russellian Monism and Epistemic Pessimism
Authors: Gundersen Ståle
Published: June 2015

Russellian monism is any view that proposes that we cannot solve the mind-body problem because natural science cannot tell us about the aspects of physical reality that are necessary to know to explain consciousness. I argue that Russellian monism should be combined with the Heil-Martin theory about dispositions. However, this combination becomes a theory with some profound epistemic pessimistic consequences, namely that we cannot bridge the explanatory gap between physical and conscious states and that we cannot solve the other minds problem. However, this epistemic pessimism does not constitute an unacceptable kind of “mystery-mongering” because we can also find analogous results in the well-established sciences. This may make it easier to accept Russellian monism’s epistemic pessimism.
The Large-Scale Soil Box: A New Device for Testing the Performance of Buried Pipe
Authors: Crowley Raphael W. , Bloomquist David , Konn Victor , Faraone Zachary , Pasken Kenneth A.
Published: June 2015

A new apparatus that measures pipe deflection as a function of simulated overburden stress is described—the large-scale soil box (LSSB). While the LSSB is similar to previous quasi-full scale instruments, it is capable of load testing two pipes simultaneously while monitoring deflection along their crowns. A series of tests were conducted on 24 and 36-in., 10-ft-long pipe sections. Pipe material varied throughout testing; materials included polyvinylchloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), steel, and aluminum. During load application, lasers allowed for deflection curves to be developed for each of the pipes as a function of simulated overburden produced via constrained lift bags. Analysis of the results appeared to indicate that loading in the LSSB is not necessarily uniform. This is likely due to non-uniform soil densities that were present prior to testing even though strict procedures and quality control checks were used prior to each test. Therefore, it would be difficult to use data from a device like this as a comparison against finite element models. However, results from these tests still may be used to assess the relative levels of effect of different pipe types and installation procedures.
Non-small cell lung cancer cell survival crucially depends on functional insulin receptors
Authors: Frisch Carolin Maria , Zimmermann Katrin , Zilleßen Pia , Pfeifer Alexander , Racké Kurt , Mayer Peter
Published: June 2015

Insulin plays an important role as a growth factor and its contribution to tumor proliferation is intensely discussed. It acts via the cognate insulin receptor (IR) but can also activate the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Apart from increasing proliferation, insulin might have additional effects in lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated insulin action and effects of IR knockdown (KD) in three (NCI-H292, NCI-H226 and NCI-H460) independent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. All lung cancer lines studied were found to express IR, albeit with marked differences in the ratio of the two variants IR-A and IR-B. Insulin activated the classical signaling pathway with IR autophosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, activation of MAPK was observed in H292 cells, accompanied by enhanced proliferation. Lentiviral shRNA IR KD caused strong decrease in survival of all three lines, indicating that the effects of insulin in lung cancer go beyond enhancing proliferation. Unspecific effects were ruled out by employing further shRNAs and different insulin-responsive cells (human pre-adipocytes) for comparison. Caspase assays demonstrated that IR KD strongly induced apoptosis in these lung cancer cells, providing the physiological basis of the rapid cell loss. In search for the underlying mechanism, we analyzed alterations in the gene expression profile in response to IR KD. A strong induction of certain cytokines (e.g. IL20 and tumour necrosis factor) became obvious and it turned out that these cytokines trigger apoptosis in the NSCLC cells tested. This indicates a novel role of IR in tumor cell survival via suppression of pro-apoptotic cytokines.
The state-of-play and future of platinum drugs
Authors: Apps Michael G , Choi Eugene H Y , Wheate Nial J
Published: June 2015

The year 2015 marks the 50th anniversary since the discovery of the anticancer potential of cisplatin and it remains just as useful now as it did back then, especially for the treatment of some endocrine-related cancers like ovarian and testicular carcinomas. Since its discovery, five other platin drugs have received approval in various countries. While several new platin drugs are in preclinical development, in the last decade only two new platin drugs have entered clinical trials, LA-12 and dicycloplatin, reflecting a shift in research focus from new drug design to improved formulations of already approved platin drugs. These formulations include their encapsulation with macrocycles to slow and prevent their degradation by proteins and peptides; their attachment to nanoparticles to passively target solid tumours through the enhanced permeability and retention effect and their coordination to important nutrients, proteins, antibodies and aptamers for active tumour targeting. These formulation methods have all shown potential but none have yet yielded a new marketable medicine containing a platin drug. The reasons for this are problems of consistent drug loading, controlling the location and timing of drug release and the inherent toxicity of some of the drug delivery vehicles. In addition to drug delivery, functional genomics is now playing an increasing role in predicting patients' responses to platin chemotherapy and their likelihood of experiencing severe side effects.
15 YEARS OF PARAGANGLIOMA: The association of pituitary adenomas and phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas
Authors: O'Toole Samuel M , Dénes Judit , Robledo Mercedes , Stratakis Constantine A , Korbonits Márta
Published: June 2015

The combination of pituitary adenomas (PA) and phaeochromocytomas (phaeo) or paragangliomas (PGL) is a rare event. Although these endocrine tumours may occur together by coincidence, there is mounting evidence that, in at least some cases, classical phaeo/PGL-predisposing genes may also play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis. A new condition that we termed ‘3Pas’ for the association of PA with phaeo and/or PGL was recently described in patients with succinate dehydrogenase mutations and PAs. It should also be noted that the classical tumour suppressor gene,MEN1that is the archetype of the PA-predisposing genes, is also rarely associated with phaeos in both mice and humans with MEN1 defects. In this report, we review the data leading to the discovery of 3PAs, other associations linking PAs with phaeos and/or PGLs, and the corresponding clinical and molecular genetics.
Molecular and neuroendocrine mechanisms of cancer cachexia
Authors: Mendes Maria Carolina S , Pimentel Gustavo D , Costa Felipe O , Carvalheira José B C
Published: June 2015

Cancer and its morbidities, such as cancer cachexia, constitute a major public health problem. Although cancer cachexia has afflicted humanity for centuries, its underlying multifactorial and complex physiopathology has hindered the understanding of its mechanism. During the last few decades we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the understanding of cancer cachexia pathophysiology. Anorexia and muscle and adipose tissue wasting are the main features of cancer cachexia. These apparently independent symptoms have humoral factors secreted by the tumor as a common cause. Importantly, the hypothalamus has emerged as an organ that senses the peripheral signals emanating from the tumoral environment, and not only elicits anorexia but also contributes to the development of muscle and adipose tissue loss. Herein, we review the roles of factors secreted by the tumor and its effects on the hypothalamus, muscle and adipose tissue, as well as highlighting the key targets that are being exploited for cancer cachexia treatment.