bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Links between autobiographical memory richness and temporal discounting in older adults
Authors: Lempert Karolina M. , MacNear Kameron A. , Wolk David A. , Kable Joseph W.
Published: April 2020

When making choices between smaller, sooner rewards and larger, later ones, people tend to discount future outcomes. Individual differences in temporal discounting in older adults have been associated with episodic memory abilities and entorhinal cortical thickness. The cause of this association between better memory and more future-oriented choice remains unclear, however. One possibility is that people with perceptually richer recollections are more patient because they also imagine the future more vividly. Alternatively, perhaps people whose memories focus more on the meaning of events (i.e., are more “gist-based”) show reduced temporal discounting, since imagining the future depends on interactions between semantic and episodic memory. We examined which categories of episodic details – perception-based or gist-based – are associated with temporal discounting in older adults. Older adults whose autobiographical memories were richer in perception-based details showed reduced temporal discounting. Furthermore, in an exploratory neuroanatomical analysis, both discount rates and perception-based details correlated with entorhinal cortical thickness. Retrieving autobiographical memories before choice did not affect temporal discounting, however, suggesting that activating episodic memory circuitry at the time of choice is insufficient to alter discounting in older adults. These findings elucidate the role of episodic memory in decision making, which will inform interventions to nudge intertemporal choices.
Multi-band MIM refractive index biosensor based on Ag-air grating with equivalent circuit and T-matrix methods in near-infrared region
Authors: Nejat Mohamad , Nozhat Najmeh
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a multi-band metal-insulator-metal (MIM) perfect absorber with refractive index sensing capability has been investigated in near-infrared region. The proposed structure has been studied for biomedical applications such as detection of solution of glucose in water, diagnosis of different stages of malaria infection, bacillus bacteria and cancer cells. The MIM configuration improves the sensing parameters of the biosensor due to the good interaction with the analyte. The high sensitivity and figure of merit of 2000 nm/RIU and 100 RIU−1 have been achieved, respectively. Also, the Ag-air grating in the suggested plasmonic sensor helps the localized surface plasmons excitation and makes the structure sensitive to the incident lightwave polarization. Therefore, the presented biosensor behaves like a polarization switch with the high extinction ratio and fast response time of 25.15 dB and 100 fs, respectively. The methods of equivalent circuit model and transmission matrix have been utilized to verify the simulation results, as a new challenge in near-infrared region. The new idea of multi-application plasmonic devices, the feasibility of fabrication for the presented structure and utilizing mentioned analytical methods in near-infrared region could pave the way for the future of plasmonic structures.
Bacterial community analysis of floor dust and HEPA filters in air purifiers used in office rooms in ILAS, Beijing
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Xiong Yi , Kang Taisheng , Xiang Zhiguang , Qin Chuan
Published: April 2020

Air purifiers with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters remove not only particulate matter but also airborne microorganisms in indoor environments. We investigated the bacterial community in HEPA filters (used for 1 year) and that in the floor dust of 12 office rooms in Beijing. We found that the viable bacteria proportion in the filter was significantly higher than that in the floor dust (p < 0.001). The Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the filters and dust were significantly different (p = 0.001). The Chao1, Shannon–Wiener and phylogenetic diversity values in the filter were significantly higher than those in the dust (p < 0.001). The predominant bacterial classes in the filter wereAlphaproteobacteriaandActinobacteria, whereas those in the dust wereBacteroidia,ClostridiaandBacilli. Human occupancy contributed more to the bacterial community in the filter than that in the dust.KlebsiellaandAlloprevotellain the dust and filters positively correlated with the occupancy density. Soil bacteria contributed to a significantly higher proportion of the bacteria in the HEPA filter (p < 0.001). In contrast, human oral, indoor air and outdoor haze contributed to a higher proportion of the bacteria in the dust samples (p < 0.001,p < 0.01 andp < 0.05, respectively). As HEPA filters serve as an ecological niche for indoor bacteria, they should be carefully investigated during the assessment of indoor environmental health.
Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs)
Authors: Goldsack Jennifer C. , Coravos Andrea , Bakker Jessie P. , Bent Brinnae , Dowling Ariel V. , Fitzer-Attas Cheryl , Godfrey Alan , Godino Job G. , Gujar Ninad , Izmailova Elena , Manta Christine , Peterson Barry , Vandendriessche Benjamin , Wood William A. , Wang Ke Will , Dunn Jessilyn
Published: April 2020

Digital medicine is an interdisciplinary field, drawing together stakeholders with expertize in engineering, manufacturing, clinical science, data science, biostatistics, regulatory science, ethics, patient advocacy, and healthcare policy, to name a few. Although this diversity is undoubtedly valuable, it can lead to confusion regarding terminology and best practices. There are many instances, as we detail in this paper, where a single term is used by different groups to mean different things, as well as cases where multiple terms are used to describe essentially the same concept. Our intent is to clarify core terminology and best practices for the evaluation of Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), without unnecessarily introducing new terms. We focus on the evaluation of BioMeTs as fit-for-purpose for use in clinical trials. However, our intent is for this framework to be instructional to all users of digital measurement tools, regardless of setting or intended use. We propose and describe a three-component framework intended to provide a foundational evaluation framework for BioMeTs. This framework includes (1) verification, (2) analytical validation, and (3) clinical validation. We aim for this common vocabulary to enable more effective communication and collaboration, generate a common and meaningful evidence base for BioMeTs, and improve the accessibility of the digital medicine field.
Design principles for efficient photoelectrodes in solar rechargeable redox flow cell applications
Authors: Bae Dowon , Kanellos Gerasimos , Faasse Gerrit M. , Dražević Emil , Venugopal Anirudh , Smith Wilson A.
Published: April 2020

Recent advances in photoelectrochemical redox flow cells, such as solar redox flow batteries, have received much attention as an alternative integrated technology for simultaneous conversion and storage of solar energy. Theoretically, it has been reported that even single-photon devices can demonstrate unbiased photo-charging with high solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency; however, the poor redox kinetics of photoelectrodes reported thus far severely limit the photo-charging performance. Here, we report a band alignment design and propose surface coverage control to reduce the charge extraction barrier and create a facile carrier pathway from both n- and p-type photoelectrodes to the electrolyte with the respective redox reaction. Based on these observations, we develop a single-photon photo-charging device with a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency over 9.4% for a redox flow cell system. Along with these findings, we provide design principles for simultaneous optimisation, which may lead to enhanced conversion efficiency in the further development of solar-rechargeable redox flow cells.
Ternary hydrogels with tunable mechanical and self-healing properties based on the synergistic effects of multiple dynamic bonds
Authors: Li Kun , Wang Jingxi , Li Ping , Fan Yubo
Published: April 2020

Ternary hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties were prepared based on the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonds and imine bonds.
In situ preparation of gold–polyester nanoparticles for biomedical imaging
Authors: Attia Mohamed F. , Ranasinghe Meenakshi , Akasov Roman , Anker Jeffrey N. , Whitehead Daniel C. , Alexis Frank
Published: April 2020

Hybrid gold-polyester nanoparticles were synthesized by UV irradiation of a gold salt and photoinitiator encapsulated in a polyester nanoparticle. The resulting materials exhibit excellent cellular imaging and surface plasmon resonance properties.
N-Promoted Ru1/TiO2 single-atom catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production: a density functional theory study
Authors: Luo Zhibo , Wang Zhijie , Li Jia , Yang Kang , Zhou Gang
Published: April 2020

In our Ru1–N1/TiO2 single-atom catalyst system, isolated Ru1 atoms act as active sites for the reduction of protons, and the TiO2 support offers the photogenerated carriers, allowing for a hydrogen evolution activity comparable to that of Pd.
Cooperative phenomenon of vapochromism and proton conduction of luminescent Pt(ii) complexes for the visualisation of proton conductivity
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Imada Shin-ichiro , Wang Dongjin , Nagao Yuki , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako
Published: April 2020

The cooperative phenomenon between proton conduction and vapochromism of luminescent Pt(ii) complexes, [PtCl(tpypy)]Cl and [PtCl(tpypyH)]Cl2, is reported.
Molecular engineering low-surface energy membranes by grafting perfluoro-tert-butoxy chains containing fluorous silica aerogels
Authors: Yim Vicki Man-Wai , Lo Angel See-Wing , Deka Bhaskar Jyoti , Guo Jiaxin , Kharraz Jehad A. , Horváth István T. , An Alicia Kyoungjin
Published: April 2020

Environmentally benign fluorous aerogels have been synthesized and electrospun on commercial PVDF membrane imparting superhydrophobicity and enabling the membrane undergo a stable, non-wetting 10-day DCMD operation with 0.1 mM SDS and 3.5% NaCl feed.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled to cation exchange chromatography for the determination of trace nickel in alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Miner Lukas , Beauchemin Diane
Published: April 2020

Cone corrosion by alkaline solutions with flow injection is prevented using cation-exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Carbon nano-fiber forest foundation for ruthenium oxide pseudo-electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Sridhar Deepak , Yu Hao , Meunier Jean-Luc , Omanovic Sasha
Published: April 2020

Effect of ruthenium oxide coating temperature on directly grown carbon nanofibers for supercapacitor application is studied.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: April 2020

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as flavipeside A from Aspergillus flavipes.
Surface-guided polymorphism control of titanyl phthalocyanine single crystals
Authors: Yoon Youngkwan , Koo Jin Young , Oh Jongwon , Kim Soyoung , Choi Hee Cheul , Yoon Seok Min
Published: April 2020

Polymorphism control of the titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) single crystals by molecule-surface interactions and their effects of crystallographic structural differences on photo-electronics.
In situ production of a two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide/graphene hybrid nanosheet anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mateti Srikanth , Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Cizek Pavel , Chen Ying
Published: April 2020

A solvent-free, low-cost, high-yield and scalable single-step ball milling process is developed to construct 2D MoS2/graphene hybrid electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of RuCo2O4: an efficient positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Karade Swapnil S. , Lalwani Shubra , Eum Jeong-Hyun , Kim Hansung
Published: April 2020

Preparation of deep eutectic solvents for the synthesis of RuCo2O4 to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors with high specific energy.
Different-shaped micro-objects driven by active particle aggregations
Authors: Wang Chen , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: April 2020

We study the dynamics of passive micro-objects in the active bath. The motion of micro-objects depends on the pattern of active particle aggregations.
Rationally designed surface microstructural features for enhanced droplet jumping and anti-frosting performance
Authors: Zhao Guanlei , Zou Guisheng , Wang Wengan , Geng Ruikun , Yan Xiao , He Zhiyuan , Liu Lei , Zhou Xin , Lv Jianyong , Wang Jianjun
Published: April 2020

Hierarchically structured aluminum superhydrophobic surfaces are prepared, and it is demonstrated that appropriate microstructural size scale is required to achieve improved droplet jumping and anti-frosting performance of the surfaces.
Operandostructural and chemical evolutions of TiS2in Na-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hung , Topsakal Mehmet , Sun Ke , Bai Jianming , Zhao Chonghang , Dooryhee Eric , Northrup Paul , Gan Hong , Lu Deyu , Stavitski Eli , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen
Published: April 2020

The combination of the multi-modal synchrotron approach and data analytics furthers the understanding of the electrochemically-driven phase-transformation of TiS2in Na-ion batteries.
Charge localization control of electron–hole recombination in multilayer two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson hybrid perovskites
Authors: Shi Ran , Zhang Zhaosheng , Fang Wei-Hai , Long Run
Published: April 2020

Significant charge delocalization in the Dion–Jacobson (4AMP)(MA)Pb2I7 perovskite enhances non-adiabatic coupling and accelerates non-radiative electron–hole recombination.
NixRh1−x bimetallic alloy nanofibers as a pH-universal electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction: the synthetic strategy and fascinating electroactivity
Authors: Jin Dasol , Yu Areum , Lee Youngmi , Kim Myung Hwa , Lee Chongmok
Published: April 2020

NixRh1–x bimetallic alloy nanofibers synthesized by H2-reduction of NiRh2O4 exhibited outstanding pH-universal HER electrocatalytic activity with high stability.
The coupling of experiments with density functional theory in the studies of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Mingpeng , Smart Tyler J. , Wang Shanwen , Kou Tianyi , Lin Dun , Ping Yuan , Li Yat
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the power of coupling experiments with DFT in obtaining insights into the fundamentals of HER, Qincluding explaining experimental results and revealing reaction mechanisms and facilitating the development of new HER electrocatalysts.
Oriented bacteriorhodopsin/polyaniline hybrid bio-nanofilms as photo-assisted electrodes for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Li Haijuan , Wang Minmin , Qi Guohua , Xia Yong , Li Chuanping , Wang Ping , Sheves Mordechai , Jin Yongdong
Published: April 2020

Bacteriorhodopsin was used to improve the capacitive performance of PANI supercapacitors by its proton pumping and photoelectric function.
Genome-wide identification and biochemical characterization of calcineurin B-like calcium sensor proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sharma Komal , Yadav Akhilesh K. , Kanchan Kajal , Baghel Madhu , Kateriya Suneel , Pandey Girdhar K.
Published: April 2020

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is involved in the regulation of diverse biological functions through association with several proteins that enable them to respond to abiotic and biotic stresses. Though Ca2+-dependent signaling has been implicated in the regulation of several physiological processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ca2+ sensor proteins are not characterized completely. C. reinhardtii has diverged from land plants lineage, but shares many common genes with animals, particularly those encoding proteins of the eukaryotic flagellum (or cilium) along with the basal body. Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is an important effector of Ca2+ signaling in animals, while calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) play an important role in Ca2+ sensing and signaling in plants. The present study led to the identification of 13 novel CBL-like Ca2+ sensors in C. reinhardtii genome. One of the archetypical genes of the newly identified candidate, CrCBL-like1 was characterized. The ability of CrCBL-like1 protein to sense as well as bind Ca2+ were validated using two-step Ca2+-binding kinetics. The CrCBL-like1 protein localized around the plasma membrane, basal bodies and in flagella, and interacted with voltage-gated Ca2+ channel protein present abundantly in the flagella, indicating its involvement in the regulation of the Ca2+ concentration for flagellar movement. The CrCBL-like1 transcript and protein expression were also found to respond to abiotic stresses, suggesting its involvement in diverse physiological processes. Thus, the present study identifies novel Ca2+ sensors and sheds light on key players involved in Ca2+signaling in C. reinhardtii, which could further be extrapolated to understand the evolution of Ca2+ mediated signaling in other eukaryotes.
Is Biceps Femoris Aponeurosis Size an Independent Risk Factor for
Strain Injury?
Authors: Freitas Sandro R. , Abrantes Filipe , Santos Francisco , Mascarenhas Vasco , Oliveira Raúl , Firmino Telmo , Mendes Bruno , Cerda Mauricio , Vaz João R.
Published: April 2020

This study examined whether professional footballers with previous biceps femoris
long head (BFLH) injury in the last 3-years present a smaller
proximal aponeurosis (Apo-BFLH) size compared to footballers with no
previous injury. We examined the Apo-BFLH and BFLH size
using magnetic resonance imaging and tested the knee flexor maximal isometric
strength in 80 thighs of 40 footballers. Apo-BFLH size parameters
were processed using a semi-automated procedure. Outcomes were compared between
thighs with (n=9) vs. without (n=71) previous BFLH
injury. No differences were observed between injured and non-injured thighs for
the Apo-BFLH and BFLH size parameters (p>0.05)
except for Apo-BFLH volume, which was higher in the non-injured
thighs of athletes with previous injury (3692.1±2638.4 mm3,
p<0.006) compared to the left (2274.1±798.7 mm3) thighs of
athletes without previous injury. A higher knee flexor isometric strength was
observed in the injured limb of athletes with previous BFLH injury
(196.5±31.9 Nm, p<0.003) compared to the left
(156.2±31.4 Nm) and right (160.0±31.4 Nm) thighs of non-injured
athletes. The present results suggest that BFLH proximal aponeurosis
size should not be considered as an independent risk factor for strain
injury.
Transkutante Elektrische Nervenstimulation (TENS) – eine
Möglichkeit der nicht-medikamentösen
Schmerztherapie
Authors: Kosmeier Anna Lena
Published: April 2020

TENS ist die Abkürzung für transkutane elektrische
Nervenstimulation. Es handelt sich um ein Verfahren der niederfrequenten
Reizstrombehandlung. TENS wird zur Schmerzlinderung eingesetzt. Zudem hat TENS
auch eine durchblutungsfördernde und muskelrelaxierende Wirkung. Eines
der weiteren Anwendungsgebiete ist die Triggerpunktbehandlung.
Golf spielen gegen die Vergesslichkeit: Effekte des Erlernens der Sportart auf das Default Mode Netzwerk des Gehirns
Authors: Ströhlein Julia Kristin , Vieluf Solveig , van den Bongard Franziska , Gölz Christian , Reinsberger Claus
Published: April 2020

Einleitung Im Rahmen der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (DAT) zeigt sich eine gestörte neuronale Netzwerkorganisation, welche sich unter anderem auch im Default Mode Netzwerk (DMN) widerspiegelt. Multimodale Interventionen, wie zum Beispiel Golf, können einen positiven Einfluss auf die funktionelle Integrität der Netzwerke haben.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie wurde der Einfluss des Erlernens der Sportart Golf bei sieben älteren Menschen (> 60 Jahre) mit subjektiven Gedächtnisbeschwerden auf die funktionelle Konnektivität des DMN untersucht. Die Probanden haben 22 Wochen unter Anleitung eines professionellen Golftrainers dreimal wöchentlich je 60 min trainiert. Vor (Messzeitpunkt 0, MZP0) und nach der Intervention (Messzeitpunkt 1, MZP1) wurde eine Elektroenzephalografie (EEG)-Messung unter Ruhebedingungen (resting-state) durchgeführt. Die EEG-Daten wurden mit einem Magnetresonanztomographie-Template koregistriert. Die Konnektivitätsanalyse wurde in 15 Regionen des DMN durchgeführt und im Längsschnitt verglichen. Dabei wurden die Frequenzbänder beta (14–29 Hz) und theta (5–7 Hz) berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Nach der Intervention wurde eine höhere funktionelle Konnektivität im gesamten DMN bei 5 / 7 Teilnehmenden im beta Frequenzband bzw. bei 6 / 7 Probanden im theta Frequenzband zu MZP1 im Vergleich zu MZP0 gemessen. Im anterioren DMN war bei allen Probanden und Probandinnen die funktionelle Konnektivität im beta Frequenzband zu MZP1 im Vergleich zu MZP 0 höher, während sie im theta-Band bei 6 von 7 Teilnehmenden niedriger war. Im posterioren DMN war bei 6 von 7 (beta), bzw. 5 von 7 (theta) Probanden und Probandinnen die funktionelle Konnektivität zu MZP1 höher als zu MZP0. Spearman-Korrelationsanalysen zeigen zudem einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Teilnahmehäufigkeit und der prozentualen Veränderung der funktionellen Konnektivität im gesamten DMN des beta Frequenzbandes (r = 0,786, p = 0,036) und im anterioren DMN des theta Frequenzbandes (r = –0,821, p = 0,023).

Fazit Auf Basis der vorliegenden Daten lässt sich vermuten, dass das Erlernen der Sportart Golf einen Einfluss auf das DMN haben könnte. Die Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Planung einer Studie mit einer größeren Kohorte und randomisierten kontrollierten Design.
Bildgebung bei Uveitis
Authors: Pohlmann Dominika , Pleyer Uwe , Heinz Carsten
Published: April 2020

Bildgebende Verfahren sind Schlüsselelemente in der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Augenkrankheiten. Dies gilt insbesondere für intraokulare Entzündungen. In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Bildgebungsmodalitäten wie optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT), OCT-Angiografie, Fluorescein- und Indocyaningrünangiografie, Fundusautofluoreszenz sowie Weitfeldbildgebungsmodalitäten erörtert. Der gezielte Einsatz dieser Untersuchungsmethoden wird abhängig vom Schwerpunkt der intraokularen Entzündung dargestellt. Zusätzlich werden aktuelle und künftige Möglichkeiten zum optimierten, objektiven Monitoring bei diesen Krankheitsbildern vorgestellt.
The new radiation protection framework since 2019 – Implementation in Germany and comparison of some aspects in seven European countries
Authors: Loose Reinhard , Wucherer Michael , Walz Michael , Adamus Ralf
Published: April 2020

Purpose The implementation of EU Directive 2013/59 EURATOM (EU-BSS) of 2014 led to a reorganization of radiation protection legislation in Germany in the form of a new radiation protection law Strahlenschutzgesetz (StrlSchG) of 2017 and a new radiation protection ordinance Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV) of 2018. For application of ionizing radiation in medicine these changes affect radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. A comparison between the old and the new legal system analyses changes that are relevant for diagnostic and interventional radiology. For the important new regulation of unintended exposures, a comparison is made with the implementation of Art. 63 EU-BSS in 7 European countries.

Material and methods The provisions of the Röntgenverordnung (RöV) and the old Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV alt), which were valid until 2018, are compared with the new legislation of StrlSchG and StrlSchV for changes in radiation protection for patients, the population and occupational radiation protection of staff members. The occupational dose limit of the eye lens was reduced. The reduction by a factor of 7.5 results in new requirements for radiation protection equipment. New requirements in teleradiology are compared with the previous regulation, as well as the necessary involvement of medical physics experts (MPE) in high dose procedures, such as CT and fluoroscopic interventions. The regulation for unintended exposures of the German StrlSchV are analyzed in terms of their reporting criteria.

Results The principles of medical radiation protection in Germany have not changed as a result of the new radiation protection legislation from 2019 onwards. However, there are a number of changes and new requirements that must be considered and implemented. Important points are e. g. new regulations on teleradiology, early detection of diseases in asymptomatic individuals and reporting of unintended exposure of patients. As all new regulations are no longer found in only one single regulation, both knowledge of the StrlSchG and the StrlSchV are necessary.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Digestive findings that do not require endoscopic surveillance – Reducing the burden of care: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Rodríguez-de-Santiago Enrique , Frazzoni Leonardo , Fuccio Lorenzo , van Hooft Jeanin E , Ponchon Thierry , Hassan Cesare , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: April 2020

Summary of Statements

With the aim of reducing the overall burden of care, ESGE recommends against surveillance of a series of conditions. Namely:

ESGE recommends against surveillance of individuals with the following: an inlet esophageal patch; Los Angeles (LA) grade A or B erosive esophagitis; or < 1 cm columnar-lined esophagus.

ESGE recommends against surveillance of those with intestinal metaplasia limited to the antrum unless additional risk factors are present, such as persistent Helicobacter pylori infection, incomplete metaplasia, or a family history of gastric cancer; or for fundic gland polyps in the absence of suspicious endoscopic features or hereditary syndromes.

ESGE recommends against surveillance of gastrointestinal leiomyomas, lipomas, and antral pancreatic rests, provided that these lesions have typical ultrasonographic features.

ESGE recommends against routine endoscopic surveillance in duodenal peptic ulcer, unless symptoms persist despite adequate therapy.

ESGE suggests against surveillance of confirmed pancreatic serous cystic neoplasms.

ESGE recommends against endoscopic surveillance for patients with hyperplastic polyps in the rectosigmoid, with 1 – 4 adenomas < 10 mm with low-grade dysplasia, or with a serrated polyp < 10 mm without dysplasia.

ESGE recommends against surveillance of gastrointestinal conditions in individuals over 80 years old who have less than 10 years of life expectancy and poor general health status.
Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Pan Chien-Ting , Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Chen Zheng-Wei , Chang Yi-Yao , Wu Vin-Cent , Hung Chi-Sheng , Lin Yen-Hung ,   the TAIPAI Study Group
Published: April 2020

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension.
Increasing evidence has demonstrated an increased cardiovascular risk in
patients with PA compared to those with essential hypertension (EH), including
atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent arrhythmia among adults that is
associated with an elevated risk of subsequent cerebro-cardiovascular adverse
events. The mechanisms of increased prevalence of AF in PA patients are complex.
Excessive aldosterone production is regarded to be a key component in the
pathogenesis of AF, in addition to arterial hypertension and electrolyte
imbalance. In addition, several translational and clinical studies have reported
that structural remodeling with atrial fibrosis and electrical remodeling with
arrhythmogenicity induced by an excess of aldosterone also play major roles in
AF genesis. Clinical studies from several registries and meta-analysis have
reported an increased prevalence and risk of AF in PA patients compared to EH
patients. Recent trials have further demonstrated a reduction in the risk of
new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) after adrenalectomy, while the results of
medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been
inconsistent. This review outlines the current evidence of the relationship
between PA and AF, and highlights recent progress in the management of PA with
regards to the development of AF.
Empfehlungen zur Durchführung einer Bronchoskopie in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Darwiche K. , Ross B. , Gesierich W. , Petermann C. , Huebner R.-H. , Grah C. , Gompelmann D. , Hetzel J. , Holland A. , Eisenmann S. , Stanzel F. , Kempa A. , Conrad K. , Eberhardt R.
Published: April 2020

COVID-19, ausgelöst durch Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, ist eine neue, sich pandemisch ausbreitenden Infektionserkrankung, welche aktuell weltweit zu einer erheblichen Belastung der Gesundheitssysteme geführt hat. Krankenhausmitarbeiter stellen in Ländern mit hoher Krankheitsaktivität, wie China oder Italien, einen signifikanten Anteil der an COVID-19 Erkrankten und Verstorbenen dar. Bronchoskopische Untersuchungen führen beim untersuchten Patienten zu Hustenreiz und Aerosolbildung und beinhalten daher ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko für das Untersuchungsteam und für andere Patienten. In der aktuellen Pandemie sind daher besondere Maßnahmen bei der Durchführung bronchoskopischer Untersuchungen zu beachten, um das Infektionsrisiko zu senken.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Ethers by Catalytic Alkene Hydro­alkoxy­lation
Authors: Li Zhi , Xie Wen-Bin
Published: April 2020

Many chiral ethers have important physiological activities. Although many asymmetric hydroalkoxylations of olefins with alcohols or phenols have been developed to make chiral ethers, challenges still remain in achieving high reactivity and selectivity over an ever-increasing diversity of alkenes and alcohols. In this review, recent developments on catalytic asymmetric alkene hydroalkoxylations are summarized based on the substitution patterns of alkenes.

1 Introduction

2 Asymmetric Hydroalkoxylation of Non-Activated Alkenes

2.1 Intramolecular Additions

2.2 Intermolecular Additions

3 Asymmetric Hydroalkoxylation of Enol Ethers

3.1 Intramolecular Additions

3.2 Intermolecular Additions

4 Asymmetric Hydroalkoxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

4.1 α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes as Substrates

4.2 α,β-Unsaturated Esters, Amides and Carboxylic Acids as Substrates

5 Asymmetric Hydroalkoxylation of Allenes

5.1 Intramolecular Additions

5.2 Intermolecular Additions

6 Conclusion
Thrombo-Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the Third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis
Authors: d’Alessandro Elisa , Becker Christian , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Bode Christoph , Bourne Joshua H. , Brown Helena , Buller Harry R. , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J. , ten Cate Vincent , van Cauteren Yvonne J. M. , Cheung Yam F. H. , Cleuren Audrey , Coenen Danielle , Crijns Harry J. G. M. , de Simone Ilaria , Dolleman Sophie C. , Klein Christine Espinola , Fernandez Delia I. , Granneman Lianne , van t Hof Arnoud , Henke Peter , Henskens Yvonne M. C. , Huang Jingnan , Jennings Lisa K. , Jooss Natalie , Karel Mieke , van den Kerkhof Danique , Klok Frederik A. , Kremers Bram , Lämmle Bernhard , Leader Avi , Lundstrom Annika , Mackman Nigel , Mannucci Pier M. , Maqsood Zahra , van der Meijden Paola E. J. , van Moorsel Marc , Moran Luis A. , Morser John , van Mourik Manouk , Navarro Stefano , Neagoe Raluca A. I. , Olie Renske H. , van Paridon Pauline , Posma Jens , Provenzale Isabella , Reitsma Pieter H. , Scaf Billy , Schurgers Leon , Seelig Jaap , Siegbahn Agneta , Siegerink Bob , Soehnlein Oliver , Soriano Eva Maria , Sowa Marcin A. , Spronk Henri M. H. , Storey Robert F. , Tantiwong Chukiat , Veninga Alicia , Wang Xueqing , Watson Steve P. , Weitz Jeff , Zeerleder Sacha S. , ten Cate Hugo ,   Scientific Reviewer Committee
Published: April 2020

Thrombo-inflammation describes the complex interplay between blood coagulation and inflammation that plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis assembled basic, translational, and clinical scientists to discuss the origin and potential consequences of thrombo-inflammation in the etiology, diagnostics, and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following topics: (1) challenges of the endothelial cell barrier; (2) circulating cells and thrombo-inflammation, focused on platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps; (3) procoagulant mechanisms; (4) arterial vascular changes in atherogenesis; attenuating atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury; (5) management of patients with arterial vascular disease; and (6) pathogenesis of venous thrombosis and late consequences of venous thromboembolism.
Analysis of Speech and Functional Outcomes in Tongue Reconstruction after Hemiglossectomy
Authors: Yi Chang Ryul , Jeong Woo Shik , Oh Tae Suk , Koh Kyung S. , Choi Jong-Woo
Published: April 2020

Background Reconstruction in tongue cancer to restore the shape and function of the tongue without airway obstruction in the narrow oral cavity is challenging for reconstructive surgeons. Herein, the authors retrospectively analyzed flaps to reveal the factors that affect the functional outcome of tongue reconstruction.

Methods Herein, we retrospectively reviewed 30 patients (men, 16; women, 14; mean age, 50.3 years) who underwent the hemi-tongue reconstruction followed by speech therapy between 2009 and 2017. Data about postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were collected. The dimensions (width and length) of the flaps were measured. Speech outcomes were assessed under the conditions of varying distances of the tongue tip from lower incisors when it was protruded, retracted, and elevated. Lateralization was evaluated based on the count of teeth reached by the tip of the tongue from the midline.

Results Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy significantly influenced tongue retraction, tongue articulation, and intelligibility (p = 0.006, 0.002, 0.048, respectively). Postoperative chemotherapy did not statistically significantly influence any outcome measure. Contralateralization of the tongue was significantly decreased in the postoperative radiotherapy group (p = 0.029). The length of the flap showed highly negative correlation with articulation and intelligibility (p = 0.009, p< 0.001, respectively). The width of the flap was not correlated with the outcomes.

Conclusion We proved that unlike chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy influences the functional outcome of tongue reconstruction. The dimensions, particularly the length of the flap, were also important for restoring the reconstructed tongue function.
Better Safe than Sorry: Interventional Radiology Should Be Prepared for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Babu Arul A.S. , Padmanabhan Aswin , Khera Pushpinder S. , Sonwalkar Hemant
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia that has plagued the world for much of the first quarter of 2020 and was recently declared a global pandemic. The caregivers must be aware of the disease and take steps to curb its transmission within the premises of our care settings (hospitals/clinics). In this article, we suggest a few proactive steps that can be taken at the institutional and departmental levels to break the transmission chain.
Laser processing of thin film sputtered MoS2: Thinning, oxidation, and crystallization
Authors: Wuenschell Jeffrey K. , Payton Asher B. , Lince Jeffrey R. , Helvajian Henry
Published: April 2020

The interest in thin film 2D materials has brought renewed attention to the compound molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). As a 2D material, MoS2 can exhibit high transport mobility and transitions to a direct-gap semiconductor when thinned down to a few atomic layers. Consequently, it has both electronic and photonic device applications. The bulk of research on crystalline MoS2 is via exfoliated and chemical vapor deposited material. In this work, we present a laser processing approach that offers flexibility in the types of composite materials that can be produced. We demonstrate laser crystallization of sputter-deposited amorphous MoS2 (∼10 nm) and subsequent thinning down to a few atomic layers that result in direct bandgap emission. With further laser processing under inert gas purge (argon) and low vacuum air, we fabricate composite nano-materials comprised of metallic and molybdenum oxides. Material characterization is done by optical interferometry, atomic force microscopy, SEM, Auger, and Raman diagnostics, but the ongoing physics of the laser thinning process is elucidated by XPS measurements.
Vibrational dynamics of the type-I clathrates A8Sn44□2 (A = Cs, Rb, K) from lattice-dynamics calculations, inelastic neutron scattering, and specific heat measurements
Authors: Candolfi C. , Koza M. M. , Aydemir U. , Carrillo-Cabrera W. , Grin Yu. , Steglich F. , Baitinger M.
Published: April 2020

We report on a joint theoretical and experimental study of the vibrational dynamics of the type-I clathrates A8Sn44□2 (A = K, Rb, Cs, and □ stands for a vacancy) by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering experiments combined with low-temperature specific heat measurements (2–300 K). Ab initio lattice dynamics calculations were performed on hypothetical vacancy-free A8Sn46 clathrates in order to determine the phonon dispersions and vibrational density of states Z(ω). The temperature dependence of the generalized vibrational density of states (GVDOS) was traced from 420 K down to 50 K, paying particular attention to the low-energy region of the GVDOS spectra. In the Cs and Rb compounds, the inelastic signal at low energies is dominated by several peaks mainly associated with the dynamics of the alkali metal atoms A in the polyhedral cages of the clathrate structure. In contrast, the low-energy spectrum of the K compound features a more pronounced contribution of the weighed modes of the framework Sn atoms. Upon cooling, the A-weighted modes soften regardless of the nature of the alkali element. The shift observed is similar for the three compounds and of small amplitude, suggestive of a dominant quasi-harmonic behavior above 50 K. The distinct dynamics of the K atoms in comparison to Cs and Rb is further demonstrated by the analyses of the low-temperature specific heat data, indicating that the low-energy Sn-weighted modes cannot be described by a Debye model with Einstein-like contributions.
Argon gas cluster ion beam used to identify intact proteins through enzymatic digestion
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: April 2020

Using the beam with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, researchers improved the signal-to-noise ratio and showed on-surface detection was identical to in-solution detection.
InAs-based quantum cascade lasers grown on on-axis (001) silicon substrate
Authors: Loghmari Z. , Rodriguez J.-B. , Baranov A. N. , Rio-Calvo M. , Cerutti L. , Meguekam A. , Bahriz M. , Teissier R. , Tournié E.
Published: April 2020

We present InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) monolithically integrated on an on-axis (001) Si substrate. The lasers emit near 8 μm with threshold current densities of 0.92–0.95 kA/cm2 at 300 K for 3.6-mm-long devices and operate in pulsed mode up to 410 K. QCLs of the same design grown for comparison on a native InAs substrate demonstrated a threshold current density of 0.75 kA/cm2 and the same maximum operating temperature. The low threshold current density of the QCLs grown on Si makes them suitable for photonic integrated sensor implementation.
Properties of the mean pressure in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Authors: Wei Tie
Published: April 2020

The mean pressure distribution plays an important role in the dynamics of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC). In this work, the mean momentum balance equation is analyzed to reveal the properties of the mean modified pressure. The main findings of the present work include the following. (i) In a turbulent RBC, the mean modified pressure peaks in the near-wall region, and the peak location is found to scale with the Townsend inner length scale. (ii) In the outer layer of a turbulent RBC, the shape of the mean modified pressure is similar to that of the Reynolds normal stress in the vertical direction. (iii) In a turbulent RBC, the modified pressure has a negative trough in the core of the RBC cell. The negative modified pressure at the RBC mid-height dictates an inequality among key parameters for a turbulent RBC including the Prandtl number, Rayleigh number, rms Péclet number, and thermal displacement thickness. The inequality is confirmed by experimental and direct numerical simulation data.
Large and projected strengthening moisture limitation on end-of-season photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Yao , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Williams A. Park , Zhou Sha , Gentine Pierre
Published: April 2020

Terrestrial photosynthesis is regulated by plant phenology and environmental conditions, both of which experienced substantial changes in recent decades. Unlike early-season photosynthesis, which is mostly driven by temperature or wet-season onset, late-season photosynthesis can be limited by several factors and the underlying mechanisms are less understood. Here, we analyze the temperature and water limitations on the ending date of photosynthesis (EOP), using data from both remote-sensing and flux tower-based measurements. We find a contrasting spatial pattern of temperature and water limitations on EOP. The threshold separating these is determined by the balance between energy availability and soil water supply. This coordinated temperature and moisture regulation can be explained by “law of minimum,” i.e., as temperature limitation diminishes, higher soil water is needed to support increased vegetation activity, especially during the late growing season. Models project future warming and drying, especially during late season, both of which should further expand the water-limited regions, causing large variations and potential decreases in photosynthesis.
Colloidal stability of the living cell
Authors: Wennerström Håkan , Vallina Estrada Eloy , Danielsson Jens , Oliveberg Mikael
Published: April 2020

Cellular function is generally depicted at the level of functional pathways and detailed structural mechanisms, based on the identification of specific protein–protein interactions. For an individual protein searching for its partner, however, the perspective is quite different: The functional task is challenged by a dense crowd of nonpartners obstructing the way. Adding to the challenge, there is little information about how to navigate the search, since the encountered surrounding is composed of protein surfaces that are predominantly “nonconserved” or, at least, highly variable across organisms. In this study, we demonstrate from a colloidal standpoint that such a blindfolded intracellular search is indeed favored and has more fundamental impact on the cellular organization than previously anticipated. Basically, the unique polyion composition of cellular systems renders the electrostatic interactions different from those in physiological buffer, leading to a situation where the protein net-charge density balances the attractive dispersion force and surface heterogeneity at close range. Inspection of naturally occurring proteomes and in-cell NMR data show further that the “nonconserved” protein surfaces are by no means passive but chemically biased to varying degree of net-negative repulsion across organisms. Finally, this electrostatic control explains how protein crowding is spontaneously maintained at a constant level through the intracellular osmotic pressure and leads to the prediction that the “extreme” in halophilic adaptation is not the ionic-liquid conditions per se but the evolutionary barrier of crossing its physicochemical boundaries.
Infectious KoRV-related retroviruses circulating in Australian bats
Authors: Hayward Joshua A. , Tachedjian Mary , Kohl Claudia , Johnson Adam , Dearnley Megan , Jesaveluk Brianna , Langer Christine , Solymosi Philip D. , Hille Georg , Nitsche Andreas , Sánchez Cecilia A. , Werner Adam , Kontos Dimitri , Crameri Gary , Marsh Glenn A. , Baker Michelle L. , Poumbourios Pantelis , Drummer Heidi E. , Holmes Edward C. , Wang Lin-Fa , Smith Ina , Tachedjian Gilda
Published: April 2020

Bats are reservoirs of emerging viruses that are highly pathogenic to other mammals, including humans. Despite the diversity and abundance of bat viruses, to date they have not been shown to harbor exogenous retroviruses. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a group of koala retrovirus-related (KoRV-related) gammaretroviruses in Australian and Asian bats. These include the Hervey pteropid gammaretrovirus (HPG), identified in the scat of the Australian black flying fox (
Pteropus alecto
), which is the first reproduction-competent retrovirus found in bats. HPG is a close relative of KoRV and the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), with virion morphology and Mn
2+
-dependent virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity typical of a gammaretrovirus. In vitro, HPG is capable of infecting bat and human cells, but not mouse cells, and displays a similar pattern of cell tropism as KoRV-A and GALV. Population studies reveal the presence of HPG and KoRV-related sequences in several locations across northeast Australia, as well as serologic evidence for HPG in multiple pteropid bat species, while phylogenetic analysis places these bat viruses as the basal group within the KoRV-related retroviruses. Taken together, these results reveal bats to be important reservoirs of exogenous KoRV-related gammaretroviruses.
Determining the correct stoichiometry of Kv2.1/Kv6.4 heterotetramers, functional in multiple stoichiometrical configurations
Authors: Möller Lena , Regnier Glenn , Labro Alain J. , Blunck Rikard , Snyders Dirk J.
Published: April 2020

Significance

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels play a key role in cellular electrical excitability. While various Kv subunits assemble to homotetrameric functional channels, the silent subfamilies KvS exclusively form heterotetramers with Kv2 subunits and thus regulate their biophysical properties in a tissue-specific way. Despite the vast functional research, key aspects of the heterotetrameric architecture remain controversial, including the stoichiometry with which KvS and Kv2 can assemble. We used concatemers and single subunit counting in combination to show that Kv2/Kv6 assemble in a 2:2 stoichiometry following the general dimer-of-dimer mechanism for channel formation. We demonstrate how to objectively choose the most likely model for single subunit counting data, which is applicable for any multimeric complex and will help choosing models confidently.
Electron temperature of the solar wind
Authors: Boldyrev Stanislav , Forest Cary , Egedal Jan
Published: April 2020

Significance

The problem of solar wind heating is one of the long-standing fundamental problems of space plasma physics. We propose that the electron component of the solar wind plasma is heated by electrons streaming from the hot solar corona and slowly losing their energy due to weak Coulomb collisions. Our first-principle kinetic derivation predicts the scaling of the solar wind electron temperature with the heliocentric distance, which is in good agreement with observations. Our theory reveals the role of the non-Maxwellian electron distribution function in the heating mechanism, and it may be valuable for interpreting the results of in situ satellite measurements.