bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower extremity muscle activity during reactive balance differs between adults with chronic traumatic brain injury and controls
Authors: Cesar Guilherme M. , Buster Thad W. , Burnfield Judith M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Control of reactive balance is key to achieving safe independent walking and engagement in life activities. After traumatic brain injury (TBI), motor impairments and mobility challenges are persistent sequelae. To date, no studies have explored muscle activity of individuals with chronic TBI during a task that requires reactive control of balance.

Objective

To investigate lower extremity muscle activity during a reactive balance test performed by adults with chronic severe TBI and matched controls. We hypothesized that abnormal activity of lower extremity muscles would be related with poorer reactive balance performance. Also, we performed an exploratory analysis for those with TBI investigating the impact of unilateral versus bilateral lower extremity involvement in the control of reactive balance.

Methods

Ten adults with chronic severe TBI who were independent community ambulators and ten matched controls performed the computerized reactive balance test (Propriotest®) while lower extremity muscle activity was recorded. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was contrasted (Mann–Whitney U Test) between groups across each 10 s epoch of the 120 s test. Additionally, test scores were correlated (Spearman) with lower extremity composite EMG activity to distinguish muscle activity patterns related with reactive balance performance. Lastly, reactive balance test scores were correlated with reactive balance test scores and clinical functional measures only for the TBI group.

Results

Although the TBI group exhibited greater EMG activity across the entire test compared with the control group, significant differences were not observed. Greater composite EMG activity correlated significantly with poorer reactive balance performance across most of the 10 s windows of the test.

Conclusion

Greater muscle activity exhibited during the reactive balance test by individuals with chronic severe TBI compared to those without disabilities, particularly at small unexpected perturbations, highlights the greater physiologic effort required to control reactive balance even after independent ambulation is achieved.
Relationship between initial B-type natriuretic peptide levels and detection of atrial fibrillation with an insertable cardiac monitor in cryptogenic stroke: CRYPTON-ICM registry
Authors: Moriyama Takuya , Todo Kenichi , Yamagami Hiroshi , Kimura Yoko , Yamamoto Shiro , Nagano Keiko , Doijiri Ryosuke , Yamazaki Hidekazu , Sonoda Kazutaka , Koge Junpei , Nakayama Taira , Iwata Tomonori , Ueno Yuji , Gon Yasufumi , Okazaki Shuhei , Sasaki Tsutomu , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: September 2024

High B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are associated with new atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated the distribution of AF detection rates according to BNP levels in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM). We enrolled consecutive patients with CS who underwent ICM implantation between October 2016 and September 2020 at eight stroke centers in Japan. Those with BNP levels were divided into three groups by tertiles. We evaluated the association of BNP levels with AF detection. Youden’s index was calculated to identify the optimal cutoff for BNP. Of 417 patients, we analyzed 266 patients with BNP data. The tertile range of BNP level was 19.0 to 48.5 pg/mL. AF detection rate was 13.3%/year, 12.8%/year, and 53.7%/year in the low-BNP (≤19.0), mid-BNP (19.1–48.4), and high-BNP (≥48.5) groups, respectively (log-rank trend p < 0.01). Compared with low-BNP group, the adjusted hazard ratios for AF detection in mid-and high-BNP groups were 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–1.78] and 2.17 (95% CI 1.14–4.13), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the optimal cutoff value was 43.4 pg/mL. The area under curve using BNP to predict AF detection was 0.69. The BNP level was associated with AF detection in patients with CS. This relationship changed around the BNP levels of 40–50 pg/mL.
Identification of potential biomarkers of cuproptosis in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Qin Lihua , Cao Xi , Huang Tengjia , Liu Yixin , Li Sheng
Published: September 2024

Objective

Cerebral ischemia can cause mild damage to local brain nerves due to hypoxia and even lead to irreversible damage due to neuronal cell death. However, the underlying pathogenesis of this phenomenon remains unclear. This study utilized bioinformatics to explore the role of cuproptosis in cerebral ischemic disease and its associated biomarkers.

Method

R software identified the overlap of cerebral ischemia and cuproptosis genes, analyzed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and explored hub genes. Expressions and localizations of hub genes in brain tissue, cells, and immune cells were analyzed, along with predictions of protein structures, miRNAs, and transcription factors. A network was constructed depicting hub gene co-expression with miRNAs and interactions with transcription factors. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) expression was determined using qRT-PCR.

Results

Ten cuproptosis-related genes in cerebral ischemia were identified, with GO analysis revealing involvement in acetyl-CoA synthesis, metabolism, mitochondrial function, and iron–sulfur cluster binding. KEGG highlighted processes like the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Using the Human Protein Atlas, eight hub genes associated with cuproptosis were verified in brain tissues, hippocampus, and AF22 cells. Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase 1 (LIPT1), was undetected, while others were found in mitochondria or both nucleus and mitochondria. These genes were differentially expressed in immune cells. FDX1, lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1), PDHB, and glutaminase (GLS) were predicted to target 111 miRNAs. PDHA1, FDX1, LIPT1, PDHB, LIAS, DLAT, GLS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) were predicted to interact with 11, 10, 10, 9, 8, 7, 5, and 4 transcription factors, respectively. Finally, FDX1 expression was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats with ischemia.

Conclusion

This study revealed an association between cerebral ischemic disease and cuproptosis, identifying eight potential target genes. These findings offer new insights into potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cerebral ischemia, and provide avenues for the exploration of new medical intervention targets.
Association of inflammation/nutrition-based indicators with Parkinson’s disease and mortality
Authors: Jia Huafang , Yin Kaixiang , Zhao Jihu , Che Fengyuan
Published: September 2024

Objective

The study explores the association between inflammation/nutrition-based indicators, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and all-cause mortality among adult participants.

Methods

The analysis included 38,091 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Inflammation/nutrition-based indicators were derived from a comprehensive set of parameters, including neutrophil-albumin ratio (NAR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), monocyte-albumin ratio (MAR), red cell distribution width-albumin ratio (RAR), hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score. PD status was determined based on self-reported anti-parkinsonian medication use. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index, linked up to December 30, 2019.

Results

After multivariate adjustment, all inflammation/nutrition-based indicators showed significant associations with all-cause mortality among adult participants. The random survival forest emphasized the importance of inflammation/nutrition-based indicators and their components in predicting mortality, with PNI and RAR being the most important indicators for predicting all-cause mortality. Individuals with PD have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those without PD (HR = 1.747 [1.363–2.238], P < 0.001) among adults. Additionally, elevated levels of inflammation/nutrition-based indicators are associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with PD compared to those without PD. This suggested a synergistic effect of PD and elevated levels of inflammatory/nutritional indicators on mortality risk. Specifically, individuals with PD and elevated NAR (HR = 2.066 [1.398–3.052], P < 0.001), MAR (HR = 2.249 [1.612–3.138], P < 0.001), RAR (HR = 1.617 [1.179–2.218], P = 0.003), ALI (HR = 1.763 [1.225–2.537], P = 0.002) and CONUT (HR = 2.221 [1.434–3.440], P < 0.001), and not elevated PNI (HR = 1.771 [1.295–2.423], P < 0.001), HALP (HR = 1.738 [1.242–2.432], P = 0.001), and GNRI (HR = 2.689 [1.898–3.811], P < 0.001) have a substantially higher risk of mortality compared to those without PD.

Conclusion

Inflammation and nutrition status play crucial roles in predicting all-cause mortality among adults, particularly in the context of PD. The study underscores the importance of considering both factors in mortality risk assessment and provides valuable insights for future research and clinical practice.
Plasma fatty acid levels and risk of non-small cell lung cancer: a large-scale prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Hua-Long , Lin Qiu-Yan , Feng Jie-Ni , Zheng Wei-E , Yang Chuang , Yuan Shao-Fei
Published: September 2024

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies globally. Fatty acids (FAs) play a significant role in diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms, yet their precise involvement in NSCLC remains poorly understood.

Methods

This study utilized a large-scale prospective cohort of 249,132 participants, observed over an average of 12 years, to investigate the relationship between different FAs and NSCLC risk. Analytical approaches included Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, accelerated failure time (AFT) modeling, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.

Results

During the follow-up period, 1,460 participants were diagnosed with NSCLC. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), and omega-3 were inversely associated with NSCLC risk. Kaplan–Meier curves, along with AFT models, corroborated that elevated concentrations of DHA and LA significantly delayed NSCLC onset. Additionally, RCS analysis uncovered nuanced dose–response relationships between these FAs and NSCLC. Stratified analyses highlighted variability based on smoking status, gender, and body mass index subgroups.

Conclusion

The concentration of specific FAs exhibits a significant association with NSCLC risk. These results offer a foundation for devising dietary FA composition adjustments aimed at reducing NSCLC risk.
Contextualizing toxic elements in the diet: a case for integration of toxic element data into food databases
Authors: Jones Rachel R. , Odenkirk Melanie T. , Bertoldo Jackie , Prenni Jessica E.
Published: September 2024

Food composition data plays a key role in the practice of nutrition. However, nutrition professionals may currently lack the resources they need to integrate information about toxic elements – such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead – in food into the advice they give consumers. Geographic, sociocultural, and individual factors may impact not only the toxic element content of food, but also how the balance between potentially toxic and health-promoting components of food must be weighed. Better integration and contextualization of toxic element data into key food databases could allow for more nuanced, comprehensive nutrition guidance.
Targeting FAK, VEGF, and MTA1 proteins with Terminalia elliptica: a computational approach for anticancer activity
Authors: Shreevatsa Bhargav , Hegde Shrivatsa , Narayan Prakruthi , Dharmashekar Chandan , Jain Anisha , Wani Tanveer A. , Prabhuswamimath Samudyata C. , Kollur Shiva Prasad , Shivamallu Chandan
Published: September 2024

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, prompting exploration into alternative treatments such as those derived from natural compounds found in traditional medicine. Recent research has underscored the role of proteins like Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 (MTA1) in driving cancer cell proliferation and survival. Here, we investigated the potential of a single molecule to modulate these key proteins involved in metastasis, offering a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Terminalia elliptica, commonly known as Asna, possesses a diverse range of medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Our study aimed to explore the anticancer potential of Terminalia elliptica by identifying bioactive compounds capable of targeting FAK, VEGF, and MTA1 to impede cancer metastasis. Through in silico analysis, we conducted network analysis using Cytoscape to assess the significance of these bioactive compounds in the inhibition of signaling pathways driving metastasis. The utilization of these bioactives as potential candidates for targeted therapy of VEGF, FAK, and MTA1 regulated pathways was preliminarily assessed by Molecular Docking and MD Simulation. Our findings revealed that phytobioactives namely, Chebulinic Acid of Terminalia elliptica, exhibited notable binding affinity and interaction with FAK, and Chebulagic Acid with VEGF, and MTA1. This discovery holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for combating cancer, offering potential benefits in cancer treatment and management.
Influence of catheter thickness on respiratory physiology during less invasive surfactant administration in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Gunatilaka Chamindu C. , Xiao Qiwei , Bates Alister J. , Franz Axel R. , Poets Christian F. , Maiwald Christian A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Delivering surfactant via thin catheters (minimal-invasive surfactant therapy (MIST); less invasive surfactant administration (LISA)) has become a common procedure. However, the effect of tracheal obstruction caused by catheters of different sizes on tracheal resistance in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) is unknown.

Methods

To investigate the effect of catheters size 3.5, 5 and 6 French on airway resistance in ELGANs of 23–28 weeks gestational age during LISA, we performed calculations based on Hagen-Poiseuille's law and compared these with a clinically and physically more accurate method: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of respiratory airflow, performed in 3D virtual airway models derived from MRI.

Results

The presence of the above catheters decreased the cross-sectional area of the infants' tracheal entrance (the cricoid ring) by 13–53%. Hagen-Poiseuille's law predicted an increase in resistance by 1.5–4.5 times and 1.3–2.6 times in ELGANs born at 23 and 28 weeks, respectively. However, CFD simulations demonstrated an even higher increase in resistance of 3.4–85.1 and 1.1–3.5 times, respectively. The higher calculated resistances were due to the extremely narrow remaining lumen at the glottis and cricoid with the catheter inserted, resulting in a stronger glottal jet and turbulent airflow, which was not predicted by Hagen-Poiseuille.

Conclusion

Catheter thickness can greatly increase tracheal resistance during LISA-procedures in ELGANs. Based on these models, it is recommended to use the thinnest catheter possible during LISA in ELGANs to avoid unnecessary increases in airway resistance in infants already experiencing dyspnea due to respiratory distress syndrome.
A case report navigating CVID and sarcoidosis overlaps in pediatric nephritis
Authors: Salih Amanda , Brown Amanda , Grimes Amanda , Hasan Sana , Silva-Carmona Manuel , Tal Leyat , Hajjar Joud
Published: September 2024

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can be complicated by granulomatous disease, often granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). Granulomatous interstitial nephritis represents an atypical presentation in pediatrics. Our patient is a previously healthy 13-year-old white male with a recent diagnosis of CVID. He presented with a rash and laboratory findings included pancytopenia (white blood cells 2.6 cells × 103/μl, hemoglobin 11.8 g/dl, platelets 60 × 103/μl), hypercalcemia (14.9 mg/dl), elevated Vit D 1,25 OH level (>200 pg/ml), hyperuricemia (8.8 mg/dl), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (serum creatinine 1.1 mg/dl; baseline 0.64 mg/dl). A broad infectious workup was unremarkable. The rash improved with empiric doxycycline. Hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia were managed with fluid resuscitation, calcitonin, and zoledronic acid. Evaluation for malignancy including a positron emission tomography scan, revealed multiple mediastinal hypermetabolic lymph nodes and pulmonary ground glass opacities, later reported as small pulmonary nodules by computed tomography (CT). Splenomegaly was confirmed by ultrasound and CT. Peripheral smear, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing were non-revealing. His angiotensin-converting enzyme level was elevated (359 U/L), raising concerns for sarcoidosis. Given Stage 1 AKI, a renal biopsy was pursued and identified non-caseating granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Treatment with 60 mg of prednisone began for presumed sarcoidosis for 4 months, causing steroid-induced hypertension and mood changes. Zoledronic acid minimally reduced serum creatinine. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis was initiated due to T-cell cytopenia. Chest CT findings showed a suboptimal response to steroids. A bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated >50% lymphocytes (normal <10%) and the lung biopsy exhibited non-caseating granulomas, indicating GLILD. Rubella was identified by staining. Following a fever, he was found to have elevated liver enzymes and confirmed hepatitis with portal hypertension on CT. A liver biopsy revealed epithelioid non-caseating granuloma and HHV6 was detected by PCR. He was treated with four cycles of rituximab and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for persistent neutropenia. Subsequent treatment with mycophenolate led to the resolution of the granulomatous lesions and cytopenias. The rare complication of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in CVID illustrates the intricate nature of diagnosis. This case underscores the necessity for a holistic view of the patient’s clinical and immune phenotype, including distinctive radiological presentations, for precise diagnoses and tailored management of CVID.
Novel loss-of-function variants in WDR26 cause Skraban-Deardorff syndrome in two Chinese patients
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Xunzhao , Yi Sheng , Li XiaoLing , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Shujie , Lin Li , Yi Shang , Chen Biyan , Qin Zailong , Luo Jingsi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mutations in the protein WD repeat structural domain 26 (WDR26, MIM 617424) have been identified as the cause of autosomal dominant Skraban-Deardorff syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), hypotonia, epilepsy, infant feeding difficulties, gait abnormalities and distinctive facial features. The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic factors that may contribute to the development of Skraban-Deardorff syndrome in affected individuals.

Methods

In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to analyze pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in two unrelated Chinese patients with DD and ID. We confirmed the origin of the variants by conducting Sanger sequencing and classified them according to ACMG/AMP guidelines.

Results

Here, two novel de novo variants (c.1797delC(p.His599fs*11) and c.1414C>T(p.Gln472*)) in the WDR26 gene have been identified in two Chinese patients with Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. These patients exhibit a range of symptoms, including varying degrees of ID, DD, speech delay, an abnormal wide-foot and/or stiff-legged gait, facial dysmorphism, behavioural abnormalities, with or without seizures.

Conclusions

In this study, We report two unrelated Chinese patients with Skraban-Deardorff syndrome caused by novel de novo pathogenic variants of the WDR26 gene. These patients showed a clinical phenotype similar to that of patients with the WDR26 variant. Compared to reported cases with WDR26 pathogenic variants, patient 2 presented a novel complication of severe behavioural problems, including hyperactivity, social anxiety, self-mutilation, impulsivity and violent behaviour. This research broadens the range of genetic and clinical features of Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. In addition, the symptoms may become more pronounced as the patient ages. Furthermore, our report highlights the clinical diversity of Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. The findings may assist healthcare professionals in providing more accurate genetic testing and counselling to affected families and improving the overall management of the condition.
Lateral column lengthening versus subtalar arthroereisis for pes planovalgus in patients with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Chang-Hao , Chen Chun-Ho , Yao Shu-Hsin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Although pes planus, a common deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP), is predominantly treated through lateral column lengthening (LCL), subtalar arthroereisis (SA) has also gained popularity for this purpose. This systematic review was conducted to compare surgical outcomes between LCL and SA for pes planovalgus in children with CP.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for relevant articles reporting the outcomes of LCL and SA in the target population. Surgical outcomes were evaluated in terms of radiographic parameters and postoperative complications.

Results

This review included 22 studies involving patients undergoing LCL (LCL group) and 9 studies involving those undergoing SA (SA group). LCL outperformed SA in terms of corrections in the talonavicular coverage angle (8.1°–42.1° vs. 8.0°–30.7°), anteroposterior talo–first metatarsal angle (12.3°–33.7° vs. 9.8°–21.4°), and calcaneal pitch angle (2.5°–29.7° vs. 3.5°–8.0°). Furthermore, the risk of postoperative complications, such as recurrence, pain, undercorrection, and overcorrection, was higher in the LCL group than in the SA group. However, the risks of reoperation and implant-related problems were higher in the SA group than in the LCL group. A meta-analysis of two randomized studies revealed that improvement in calcaneal pitch angle was significantly greater in the LCL group than in the SA group (mean difference: 2.09°; P = 0.0488).

Conclusion

LCL outperforms SA in correcting pes planus–related radiographic parameters in patients with CP. However, postoperative complications appear to be more common after LCL than after SA.

Systematic Review Registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-5-0126, Identifier 202450126.
Recombinant neorudin and its active metabolite hirudin: the fate in vivo of a novel anticoagulant drug
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yubin , Ren Boyuan , Jin Jiayan , Zhang Lin , Wu ChuTse , Jin JiDe
Published: September 2024

Thrombosis, a prevalent condition, can provoke severe health issues like acute coronary syndrome (ACS), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). The rising incidence of these diseases annually significantly impacts patient wellbeing and poses a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Recombinant neorudin is a developing anticoagulant drug for thrombotic diseases whose phase I clinical trials has been completed. The distribution pattern of it and its active metabolite, hirudin, in thrombi, blood surrounding the thrombus and peripheral blood remains uncertain. This study explored their distribution using a rat arteriovenous bypass thrombosis model, revealing higher neorudin levels in blood surrounding the thrombus and elevated hirudin concentrations in thrombus. Recombinant neorudin significantly increased Thrombin Time (TT) in both plasma surrounding the thrombus and peripheral blood, and reduced the wet weight of the thrombus. The results above demonstrated the anticoagulant and antithrombotic efficacy of recombinant neorudin in vivo. Give the distribution pattern of neorudin and hirudin, we hypothesized that neorudin was cleaved at the site of thrombus formation to produce hirudin, leading to the rapid accumulation of hirudin within local thrombi and resulting in a higher concentration inside the thrombus. This insight was crucial for understanding the action mechanisms of anticoagulants in thrombosis management and provided a valuable guidance for therapeutic strategies in treating thrombotic diseases.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives as emerging biomaterials for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Yufu , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Tianyan , Xu Chang , Bao Xingfu
Published: September 2024

As a novel class of smart biomaterials with promising potentials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely utilized in the field of biomedicine. Current researches indicate that the therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) are highly limited to achieving symptom improvement and reducing both pain and inflammation. Together, the introduction of MOFs into the treatment of OA holds the potential to offer significant benefits. This is because MOFs not only have intrinsic biological activities, but also act as carriers to facilitate controlled drug delivery and prolong the duration in the management of OA. This paper presents a review of the recent studies that have explored the potential usage of MOFs as drugs or carriers in the treatment of OA, which also examines the progress of MOFs in tissue engineering for the treatment of OA. These studies are anticipated to not only enhance the comprehension of MOFs but also provide strong evidence in favor of their utilization in the treatment of OA.
Inoculation with Jeotgalicoccus sp. improves nutritional quality and biological value of Eruca sativa by enhancing amino acid and phenolic metabolism and increasing mineral uptake, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants
Authors: Hassan Abdelrahim H. A. , Maridueña-Zavala Maria Gabriela , Alsherif Emad A. , Aloufi Abeer S. , Korany Shereen Magdy , Aldilami Mohammad , Bouqellah Nahla A. , Reyad Ahmed M. , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: September 2024

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are considered a promising tool for triggering the synthesis of bioactive compounds in plants and to produce healthy foods. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of PGPB on the growth, accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites, biological activities, and nutritional qualities of Eruca sativa (arugula), a key leafy vegetable worldwide. To this end, Jeotgalicoccus sp. (JW0823), was isolated and identified by using partial 16S rDNA-based identification and phylogenetic analysis. The findings revealed that JW0823 significantly boosted plant biomass production by about 45% (P<0.05) and enhanced pigment contents by 47.5% to 83.8%. JW0823-treated plants showed remarkable improvements in their proximate composition and vitamin contents, with vitamin E levels increasing by 161.5%. JW0823 induced the accumulation of bioactive metabolites including antioxidants, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential amino acids, thereby improving the nutritional qualities of treated plants. An increase in the amounts of amino acids was recorded, with isoleucine showing the highest increase of 270.2%. This was accompanied by increased activity of the key enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, including glutamine synthase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, cystathionine γ-synthase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes. Consequently, the total antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the inoculated plants were enhanced. Additionally, JW0823 improved antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic microorganisms. Overall, the JW0823 treatment is a highly promising method for enhancing the health-promoting properties and biological characteristics of E. sativa, making it a valuable tool for improving the quality of this important leafy vegetable.
Substituting partial chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizers maintains grain yield and increases nitrogen use efficiency in maize
Authors: Wang Le , Zhou Hongliang , Fei Cong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Long-term application of excessive nitrogen (N) not only leads to low N use efficiency (NUE) but also exacerbates the risk of environmental pollution due to N losses. Substituting partial chemical N with organic fertilizer (SP) is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fertilization practice. However, the appropriate rate of SP in rainfed maize cropping systems in semi-arid regions of China is unknown.

Methods

Therefore, we conducted a field experiment between 2021 and 2022 in a semi-arid region of Northern China to investigate the effects of SP on maize growth, carbon and N metabolism (C/NM), and NUE. The following treatments were used in the experiment: no N application (CK), 100% chemical N (SP0, 210 kg N ha–1), and SP substituting 15% (SP1), 30% (SP2), 45% (SP3), and 60% (SP4) of the chemical N. The relationship between these indicators and grain yield (GY) was explored using the Mantel test and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results and discussion

The results found that the SP1 and SP2 treatments improved the assimilates production capacity of the canopy by increasing the leaf area index, total chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate, improving dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 6.2%–10.6%, compared to the SP0 treatment. SP1 and SP2 treatments increased total soluble sugars, starch, free amino acids, and soluble protein contents in ear leaves via increasing the enzymatic reactions related to C/NM in ear leaves during the reproductive growth stage compared with SP0 treatment. The highest plant nitrogen uptake (PNU) and nitrogen recovery efficiency were obtained under the SP2 treatment, and the GY and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were higher than the SP0 treatment by 9.2% and 27.8%. However, SP3 and SP4 treatments reduced DMA and GY by inhibiting C/NM in ear leaves compared to SP0 treatment. Mantel test and SEM results revealed that SP treatments indirectly increased GY and PNU by directly positively regulating C/NM in maize ear leaves. Therefore, in the semi-arid regions, substituting 30% of the chemical N with SP could be considered. This fertilizer regime may avoid GY reduction and improve NUE. This study provides new insights into sustainable cultivation pathways for maize in semi-arid regions.
The correlation between embryo rescue and hormonal changes in seedless grapes
Authors: Li Guirong , Li Kaiwei , Lu Yihai , Fan Xiucai , Wang Ling
Published: September 2024

After normal pollination and fertilization of pseudoparthenocarpic seedless grapes, their embryos often stop developing due to certain developmental factors, resulting in embryo abortion. Hybrid breeding using seedless grapes as the maternal parent requires embryo rescue breeding technology. This technology plays a crucial role in seedless grape breeding. Although previous studies have extensively explored this technology, knowledge regarding its impact on embryo abortion and the effectiveness of rescue techniques remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between embryo rescue and hormonal changes in seedless grapes. Four Eurasian seedless grape cultivars, “Thompson Seedless,” “Flame Seedless,” “Heshi Seedless,” and “Ruby Seedless,” were selected for examination. We investigated endogenous hormone levels, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA), in both berries and in vitro ovules during the most suitable embryo rescue time for these cultivars. Based on the observed fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels and previous research findings, appropriate doses of exogenous hormones, such as IAA, GA3, and ABA, were applied during seedless grape embryo rescue. The results indicated significant differences in endogenous hormone levels between berries with varying ovule counts of the same cultivar and ovules cultured in vitro, suggesting a hormonal influence on ovule abortion and embryo development in seedless grapes. Further research has identified effective ratios of exogenous hormones: 30 mg·L–1 IAA + 30 mg·L–1 ABA for berry ovule development, 1.0 mg·L–1 IAA + 2.0 mg·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) + 1.0 mg·L–1 GA3 + 1.0 mg·L-1 ABA for in vitro ovule development, and 1.0 mg·L–1 IAA + 2.0 mg·L–1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L–1 GA3 for embryo germination and seedling formation. In summary, hormonal changes significantly influence ovule and embryo development and are closely related to seedless grape embryo rescue breeding. This study deepened our understanding of the correlation between seedless grape embryo rescue and hormonal changes. It also resulted in the successful production of a batch of embryo rescue seedlings, further improving embryo rescue breeding technology and providing new germplasm materials for developing new seedless grape cultivars.
Correlation between organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competencies among long-term care assistants: a structural equation model
Authors: Liu Ankang , Wang Dong , Xu Shanshan , Zhou Yixia , Zheng Yao , Chen Juan , Han Biyuan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Long-term care assistants are taking on more important roles in the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to investigate what demographic factors influence the core competencies of nursing assistants, as well as to investigate the levels of organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competencies among nursing assistants in China, to explore the relationship between them.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection based on a self-report questionnaire. A total of 320 long-term care assistants from two healthcare institutions. We collected socio-demographic characteristics and measured their perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competency levels of the participants. Pearson correlation tests were conducted to examine the relationships among three variables, and a structural equation model was developed to test the interrelationships among these variables.

Results

The results indicated that age, employment type, licensing status, monthly income, pre-job training, and training methods were associated with core competency, with nursing knowledge identified as a weak area in core competencies. There were significant associations among each dimension of perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and core competencies (p < 0.01). The structural equation model demonstrated good fit: X2/df = 2.486, GFI = 0.974, CFI = 0.988, IFI = 0.988, TLI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.013. The direct effect of organizational support on core competencies was 0.37, with self-efficacy mediating the relationship between organizational support and core competencies, yielding an indirect effect of 0.122 and a total effect coefficient of 0.492 (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Training in core competencies should prioritize nursing knowledge. Enhanced perceived organizational support and self-efficacy among nursing assistants were associated with higher core competencies.
Gene co-expression networks reveal sex-biased differences in musculoskeletal ageing
Authors: Olascoaga Samael , Tovar Hugo , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús
Published: September 2024

Aging is a universal and progressive process involving the deterioration of physiological functions and the accumulation of cellular damage. Gene regulation programs influence how phenotypes respond to environmental and intrinsic changes during aging. Although several factors, including sex, are known to impact this process, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the functional organization patterns of skeletal muscle genes across different sexes and ages using gene co-expression networks (GCNs) to explore their influence on aging. We constructed GCNs for three different age groups for male and female samples, analyzed topological similarities and differences, inferred significant associated processes for each network, and constructed null models to provide statistically robust results. We found that each network is topologically and functionally distinct, with young women having the most associated processes, likely due to reproductive tasks. The functional organization and modularity of genes decline with age, starting from middle age, potentially leading to age-related deterioration. Women maintain better gene functional organization throughout life compared to men, especially in processes like macroautophagy and sarcomere organization. The study suggests that the loss of gene co-expression could be a universal aging marker. This research offers insights into how gene organization changes with age and sex, providing a complementary method to analyze aging.
Exceptional improvement in chronic stroke through Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract: a case report study
Authors: Gault-Colas Caroline , Pradines Maud , Baude Marjolaine , Gracies Jean-Michel
Published: September 2024

A 44-year-old woman suffered a carotid dissection causing a deep and superficial right middle cerebral artery stroke in October 2013, despite undergoing thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Sixteen months later, massive left upper extremity impairment persisted. She then agreed to embark upon a guided self-rehabilitation contract (GSC). This GSC is a moral contract where the physician or therapist identifies specific muscles, particularly hypo-extensible and disabling that act as antagonists to functional activities. The physician or therapist then teaches and prescribes quantified daily high-load self-stretch postures for these muscles, alternating with repeated maximal amplitude movement exercises against their resistance. In turn, the patient commits to practicing the prescribed program and to delivering a diary of the stretch postures and alternating movement exercises performed each day. Over 4 years of GSC, the patient practiced upon prescription against a total of seven upper limb antagonists to common functional movements: shoulder extensors, shoulder internal rotators, elbow flexors, elbow pronators, wrist and finger flexors, and interossei muscles. She manually filled up her diary 99% of the days. Each day, she practiced an average of 20 min of high-load static self-stretch per muscle, alternating with about 50 maximal active efforts against the resistance of each targeted muscle's resistance. Overall, her mean static self-stretch time was 81 ± 2 (mean ± SEM) min/day, and her mean number of active maximal efforts was 285 ± 78/day, for a total daily self-rehabilitation time of over 2 h a day. Five years after her stroke, she had recovered all left upper extremity use in daily activities and resumed her previous job as a nurse's aide. She now spontaneously uses her left hand in most tasks. Functional MRI (March 2020) demonstrated bilateral primary motor and motor supplementary area activation upon left-hand exercise. Prolonged static self-stretch increased muscle extensibility (muscle plasticity) while maximal amplitude, alternating movement training reduced co-contraction in these muscles (neural plasticity). The Modified Frenchay Scale assessment was video-recorded by the clinician at each visit, allowing qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the functional capacities. The two videos of the first and last clinic visits have been uploaded and are available.
Minimal perception: enabling autonomy in resource-constrained robots
Authors: Singh Chahat Deep , He Botao , Fermüller Cornelia , Metzler Christopher , Aloimonos Yiannis
Published: September 2024

The rapidly increasing capabilities of autonomous mobile robots promise to make them ubiquitous in the coming decade. These robots will continue to enhance efficiency and safety in novel applications such as disaster management, environmental monitoring, bridge inspection, and agricultural inspection. To operate autonomously without constant human intervention, even in remote or hazardous areas, robots must sense, process, and interpret environmental data using only onboard sensing and computation. This capability is made possible by advancements in perception algorithms, allowing these robots to rely primarily on their perception capabilities for navigation tasks. However, tiny robot autonomy is hindered mainly by sensors, memory, and computing due to size, area, weight, and power constraints. The bottleneck in these robots lies in the real-time perception in resource-constrained robots. To enable autonomy in robots of sizes that are less than 100 mm in body length, we draw inspiration from tiny organisms such as insects and hummingbirds, known for their sophisticated perception, navigation, and survival abilities despite their minimal sensor and neural system. This work aims to provide insights into designing a compact and efficient minimal perception framework for tiny autonomous robots from higher cognitive to lower sensor levels.
Understanding levels of engagement and readiness for change in an eHealth sleep program for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Wildeboer Emily M. , Andrea Brooklyn , Weiss Shelly , Corkum Penny
Published: September 2024

Background

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) experience high rates of sleep problems. The Better Nights, Better Days for Children with Neurodevelopmental DisordersTM(BNBD-NDDTM) program is an online intervention for parents of children with NDD who have insomnia/insomnia symptoms. The program has recently undergone a national implementation study (recruitment completed; data collection and analysis ongoing), where parental adherence and engagement are being evaluated. Preliminary results have shown that despite high levels of recruitment, there is less utilization of the program than the research team expected. Parental engagement may have been impacted by participants' motivation and readiness for change, as well as indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study is to better understand engagement with the BNBD-NDDTM program concerning parental motivation and readiness for change, while considering the possible impacts of COVID-19.

Methods

Parents of children with NDD (n = 18) who were enrolled in the BNBD-NDDTM program for a minimum of 4 months completed exit interviews using a researcher-generated, semi-structured interview guide. During the interview, participants were asked about their engagement in the program, perspectives on their own readiness for changing their children's sleep, and the impact of COVID-19 on their engagement. Data were analyzed following an inductive content analysis approach.

Results

Several categories of data were generated that explain levels of engagement, including: (1) severity of sleep problems; (2) motivation for change; (3) previous strategies for sleep; (4) confidence in the program; (5) sacrifices made to change sleep; (6) maintenance of change; (7) experience with levels of support provided; and (8) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Parents identified several factors related to their readiness for change as contributors to their engagement level in the BNBD-NDDTM program. The COVID-19 pandemic had varied impacts on engagement for participants in this sample. Understanding parents' engagement levels within the BNBD-NDDTM eHealth program related to their motivation and readiness for change is crucial to optimize uptake and adherence to the program, improve the program's implementation and sustainability, and continue to help children with NDD to sleep better.
Human rights and the olympics: from an ideological paradox to a new anti-corruption legacy
Authors: Chatziefstathiou Dikaia , Simon Rofe J.
Published: September 2024

This article aims to explore the evolution of the debates surrounding human rights in the discourse(s) of major sporting events (MSEs), particularly the Olympics. The paper will first analyse the western-centric origins of the “universality” of the Olympic philosophy and how it affected the protection and promotion of human rights, as well as addressing practical challenges or limitations faced. It will then focus on unpacking the elements of sportswashing and soft power in the multi-discursive context of sport where power, privilege, politics, and position are (re)produced. In doing so it draws upon the emergent field of Sports Diplomacy as the most appropriate explanatory framework to share in this discourse. Finally, it will explore the potential impact of anti-corruption reforms on the establishment of a meaningful human rights legacy.
The European Researchers’ Network Working on Second Victim (ERNST) Policy Statement on the Second Victim Phenomenon for Increasing Patient Safety
Authors: Mira Jose , Carillo Irene , Tella Susanna , Vanhaecht Kris , Panella Massimiliano , Seys Deborah , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut , Sousa Paulo , Buttigieg Sandra C. , Vella-Bonanno Patricia , Popovici Georgeta , Srulovici Einav , Guerra-Paiva Sofia , Knezevic Bojana , Lorenzo Susana , Lachman Peter , Ushiro Shin , Scott Susan D. , Wu Albert , Strametz Reinhard
Published: September 2024

Background

The second victim phenomenon refers to the emotional trauma healthcare professionals experience following adverse events (AEs) in patient care, which can compromise their ability to provide safe care. This issue has significant implications for patient safety, with AEs leading to substantial human and economic costs.

Analysis

Current evidence indicates that AEs often result from systemic failures, profoundly affecting healthcare workers. While patient safety initiatives are in place, the psychological impact on healthcare professionals remains inadequately addressed. The European Researchers’ Network Working on Second Victims (ERNST) emphasizes the need to support these professionals through peer support programs, systemic changes, and a shift toward a just culture in healthcare settings.

Policy Options

Key options include implementing peer support programs, revising the legal framework to decriminalize honest errors, and promoting just culture principles. These initiatives aim to mitigate the second victim phenomenon, enhance patient safety, and reduce healthcare costs.

Conclusion

Addressing the second victim phenomenon is essential for ensuring patient safety. By implementing supportive policies and fostering a just culture, healthcare systems can better manage the repercussions of AEs and support the wellbeing of healthcare professionals.
Business Group’s Performance: Market and Non-Market Measures in Pakistan
Authors: Touqeer Saher , Ahmed Dr. Ishtiaq , Mubarik DDr. Fauzia
Published: September 2024

This study examines the influence of market and non-market strategies on the financial performance of firms affiliated with business groups. The study analyzed 136 non-financial firms affiliated with business groups, listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 2010 to 2020. Market strategies focused on firm related resources diversification, financial constraints and internal capital generation rate. Whereas, non-market strategies focused on political connections and corporate social responsibility. Using fixed effect panel regression model, we found that for business-group firms, both market and non-market strategies significantly increase financial performance. Diversification, financial constraints and internal capital generation drive market success, while political connections and strong corporate social responsibility contribute through non-market measures. This suggested that business group affiliated firms should carefully choose a mix of market and non-market resources for optimal performance. This is also suggested that regulatory authorities shall introduce such policies that smoothen the business operations and encourage managers of affiliated firms to employ more combinations of market and non-market resources to get competitive advantage and promote responsible business practices within the groups.