bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of Morphology in Alorese (Austronesian): Simplification in Adult Language Contact
Authors: Moro Francesca R.
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses historical and ongoing morphological simplification in Alorese, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. From comparative evidence, it is clear that Alorese lost almost all of its morphology over several hundred years as a consequence of language contact (Klamer, 2012, to appear). By providing both linguistic and cultural-historical evidence, this paper shows that Alorese has historically undergone morphological simplification as a result of second language (L2) learning. The first part of the paper presents a case study comparing the use of subject agreement prefixes in Alorese L1 speakers (n=6) and Alorese L2 speakers (n=12). The results show that L2 speakers deviate from the native norm, and tend to use one prefix as default agreement. The variation found among L2 speakers reveals an ongoing change possibly leading to the restructuring of the Alorese agreement system. The second part of the paper applies models of linguistic change (Kusters, 2003; Trudgill, 2011) to the Alorese community and shows that Alorese has been, and still is, spoken in a community with a large number of L2 speakers, where morphological simplification is expected to occur.
Gender Lender: Noun Borrowings between Jingulu and Mudburra in Northern Australia
Authors: Pensalfini Rob , Meakins Felicity
Published: August 2019

This paper explores borrowing of nouns between two unrelated Australian languages with a long history of contact: Mudburra, a language with no grammatical gender, and Jingulu, which has four genders and super-classing. Unusually, this case involves extensive borrowing in both directions, resulting in the languages sharing 65% of their nouns. This bi-directional borrowing of nouns allows us to simultaneously examine the behaviour of gender where (i) nouns from a language with no gender have transferred into a language with a gender system, and (ii) nouns from a language with gender have transferred into a language with no gender system. Previous work in this area has been interested in the how nouns are categorised in scenario (i) (Deuchar et al., 2014; Jake et al., 2002; Liceras et al., 2008; Parafita Couto et al., 2015; Poplack et al., 1982), and whether there is any evidence for the development of a gender system in the recipient language in scenario (ii) (Aikhenvald, 2003; Corbett, 1991; Heath, 1978; Matras and Sakel, 2007; Seifart, 2012; Stolz, 2009; Stolz, 2012). We show that Mudburra nouns borrowed into Jingulu are assigned gender on the basis of their semantics, with gender superclassing effects and morpho-phonological massaging. Some of the borrowings into Mudburra, on the other hand, demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of Jingulu morpho-syntax which speaks to a high degree of bilingualism between Mudburra and Jingulu over an extended period.
Three new species of the subgenus Unionicola Haldeman, 1842 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Unionicolidae) from Guizhou, China
Authors: DING ZHUHUI , JIN DAOCHAO , GUO JIANJUN , YI TIANCI
Published: August 2019

By investigating watermite collections from Guizhou province, China in 2006, three new Unionicola species are described: Unionicola (Unionicola) maolanensis sp. nov., Unionicola (Unionicola) xishuiensis sp. nov. and Unionicola (Unionicola) suiyangensis sp. nov.. A key is presented for the hitherto known five Chinese Unionicola species of the subgenus based on males and females.
Impact of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program on Antibiotic Prescription for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Prospective Before-After Study
Authors: Aoybamroong Nalinee , Kantamalee Worawit , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Malathum Kumthorn , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: August 2019

We assessed the effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) on antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in a medical school. Our ASP included delivering an antibiotic use guideline via e-mail and LINE (an instant messaging app) to faculty staff, fellows, and residents, and posting of the guideline in examination rooms. Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with ARTI were reviewed to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription. ASP could increase the rate of appropriateness from 78% (1979 out of 2553 visits) to 83.4% (2449 out of 2935 visits; P < .001). The baseline of appropriateness was higher in residents (95%) compared with fellows (82%) and faculty staff (75%). The ASP significantly increased the appropriateness only in faculty staff, especially in semiprivate clinics (75% to 83%, P < .001). In conclusion, our ASP increased appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for ARTI, with the greatest impact among faculty staff in semiprivate clinics.
A point cloud registration algorithm based on normal vector and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Zhan Xu , Cai Yong , Li Heng , Li Yangmin , He Ping
Published: August 2019

Based on normal vector and particle swarm optimization (NVP), a point cloud registration algorithm is proposed by searching the corresponding points. It provides a new method for point cloud registration using feature point registration. First, in order to find the nearest eight neighbor nodes, the k-d tree is employed to build the relationship between points. Then, the normal vector and the distance between the point and the center gravity of eight neighbor points can be calculated. Second, the particle swarm optimization is used to search the corresponding points. There are two conditions to terminate the search in particle swarm optimization: one is that the normal vector of node in the original point cloud is the most similar to that in the target point cloud, and the other is that the distance between the point and the center gravity of eight neighbor points of node is the most similar to that in the target point cloud. Third, after obtaining the corresponding points, they are tested by random sample consensus in order to obtain the right corresponding points. Fourth, the right corresponding points are registered by the quaternion method. The experiments demonstrate that this algorithm is effective. Even in the case of point cloud data lost, it also has high registration accuracy.
Preparation of fluorescent calcium carbonate and visualization of its dispersion states in polypropylene
Authors: Lv Xiangmeng , Kang Ming , Chen Kexu , Yuan Lu , Shen Simin , Sun Rong , Song Lixian
Published: August 2019

The dispersion states of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Mastering the dispersion structure of inorganic minerals such as calcium carbonate in the polymer matrix is of great significance for the design of high performant polymer composites. Currently, due to the limitations of conventional electron microscope imaging capabilities, it is difficult to understand the internal dispersion structure of fillers in polymer composites comprehensively, regionally and stereoscopically. Here, we successfully embed the rare earth complex into the silica of the calcium carbonate surface to realize the fluorescent labeling of the calcium carbonate fillers. The fluorescent calcium carbonate exhibited broad excitation band ranging from 220 nm to 440 nm and showed bright red under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The two-dimensional dispersion states of the fillers at different depths in the polymer composite were obtained by the fluorescent imaging ability of laser scanning confocal microscope; these two-dimensional confocal images were further three-dimensionally reconstructed through Avizo Fire VSG software, and the spatial distribution of fillers in polymer composite was obtained without damage. This characterization method provides a new noninvasive method for studying the dispersion structure of fillers in polymers.
Development of N-doped bamboo-shaped carbon nanotube/magnesium oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Vanyorek László , Prekob Ádám , Sikora Emőke , Muránszky Gábor , El Mrabate Bilal , Udayakumar Mahitha , Pekker Péter , Viskolcz Béla , Németh Zoltán
Published: August 2019

Nitrogen-doped bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes/magnesium oxide composites were prepared using a simple impregnation method. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles with different crystal morphologies were obtained using magnesium oxide powder and stearic acid precursors. The calcination of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes/magnesium stearate mixture in a 1:1 ratio with different temperatures (300 and 400℃) in an inert atmosphere was carried out. The prepared composites were further analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Results revealed that the characteristic morphology and the crystal structure of the composites rely primarily on the heat treatment temperature chosen. To obtain a proper crystalline magnesium oxide, at least 400℃ is required. As-prepared bamboo-shaped carbon nanotube-based composites would be an ideal candidate as a catalyst or a membrane additive material for water purification technology.
Experimental investigation on impact, sound, and vibration response of natural-based composite sandwich made of flax and agglomerated cork
Authors: Prabhakaran S , Krishnaraj V , Shankar Krishna , Senthilkumar M , Zitoune R
Published: August 2019

In recent years, material scientists have been focusing on the utilization of materials from natural resources due to environmental concerns. In the same context, the aim of this work is to evaluate impact response, sound absorption behavior, and vibration damping characteristics of natural-based composite sandwich made of flax as skin reinforcement and agglomerated cork as core. Vacuum bagging method was used for manufacturing composite sandwiches with different cork densities of 240, 280, and 340 kg/m3. Composite sandwiches have also been manufactured by using glass as skin reinforcement for comparison. Low velocity impact test was conducted and found that glass fiber reinforced composite sandwich required 73–77% more energy to perforate when compared to the flax fiber reinforced composite sandwich irrespective of core density. Flax fiber reinforced composite sandwich has 45–96% higher sound absorption capacity and 27–32% higher vibration damping ratio than glass fiber reinforced composite sandwich irrespective of core density. This is due to multiscale structure and cellular nature of the flax fiber and the cork materials, respectively. These enhancements in sound and vibration are accomplished with just little forfeits in perforation energy. This study recommends that, if optimized, the natural-based composite sandwich could be an ecologically appealing answer for automobile and construction applications, where impact behavior is important, along with sound and vibration properties.
Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China
Authors: Wu Qingjun , Zhang Hao , Li Zhen , Liu Kai
Published: August 2019

The rapid development of digital platform businesses has facilitated the expansion of gig work in China and elsewhere in recent years. Now that IT-powered platforms have been used in part to free the capital from taking employer responsibilities, the capital’s toolkit for labor control has been significantly limited. Drawing on qualitative field research supplemented by quantitative data on Uber in China, this article provides a novel empirical account of the labor control of digital platforms, and more importantly, their effects on different types of workers. The authors have identified three crucial strategies that Uber has devised to control its drivers’ labor process: an incentive pay system, a customer evaluation system, and flexible work arrangements. These strategies will, however, demonstrate significant effects on drivers’ working hours and income only when we consider the different motivations of Uber drivers. Specifically, the working efforts of those who drive for Uber as their only source of income are responsive to incentive pay schemes and a platform’s evaluation system, but are not as responsive to work flexibility. The exact opposite is the case for drivers who have other jobs and sources of income.
Factors affecting the reliability of behavioral assessments for rodent osteoarthritis models
Authors: Jacobs Brittany Y , Allen Kyle D
Published: August 2019

The translational value of osteoarthritis (OA) models is often debated because numerous studies have shown that animal models frequently fail to predict the efficacy of therapies in humans. In part, this failing may be due to the paucity of preclinical studies that include behavioral assessments in their metrics. Behavioral assessments of animal OA models can provide valuable data on the pain and disability associated with disease—sequelae of significant clinical relevance. Clinical definitions of efficacy for OA therapeutics often center on their palliative effects. Thus, the widespread inclusion of behaviors indicative of pain and disability in preclinical animal studies may contribute to greater success identifying clinically relevant interventions. Unfortunately, studies that include behavioral assays still frequently encounter pitfalls in assay selection, protocol consistency, and data/methods transparency. Targeted selection of behavioral assays, with consideration of the array of clinical OA phenotypes and the limitations of individual behavioral assays, is necessary to identify clinically relevant outcomes in OA animal models appropriately. Furthermore, to facilitate accurate comparisons across research groups and studies, it is necessary to improve the transparency of methods. Finally, establishing agreed-upon and clear definitions of behavioral data will reduce the convolution of data both within and between studies. Improvement in these areas is critical to the continued benefit of preclinical animal studies as translationally relevant data in OA research. As such, this review highlights the current state of behavioral analyses in preclinical OA models.
Do Food Image and Food Neophobia Affect Tourist Intention to Visit a Destination? The Case of Australia
Authors: Lai Mun Yee , Wang Ying , Khoo-Lattimore Catheryn
Published: August 2019

This study examines the predictive power of cognitive and affective food image components on potential tourists’ behavioral intention. Using Chinese tourists’ perception of Australia as the context, the study adopted a multi-method approach incorporating desktop research, surveys of food tourism stakeholders, and quantitative testing of a model using survey data. Results confirmed that (1) cognitive food image is a formative construct, (2) cognitive food image is a stronger predictor of intention than affective image, and (3) the moderating effect of food neophobia highlights the need for a destination image-building strategy to be sensitive to tourists’ food-related personality traits. Study findings validate a structural model that integrates theories regarding food image and food neophobia to explain destination food image formation. Results also offer a comprehensive formative measurement model of cognitive food image for future research.
Management Earnings Forecasts and Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Jaggi Bikki , Xin Hua Christine , Ronen Joshua
Published: August 2019

In a recent paper, Hui, Matsunaga, and Morse have argued that managers may prefer using accounting conservatism instead of issuing management earnings forecasts (MFs) that may reduce information asymmetry and may lower firms’ potential legal liability. We argue in this article that accounting conservatism serves as a substitute only for informative forecasts, which are classified as cost of capital (COC) MFs, and it does not serve as a substitute for opportunistic (OPP) MFs and disclose or abstain (DOA) MFs that are required under 1933 Securities Exchange Act because both these types of MFs are used to achieve different objectives. Our findings confirm our claim that conservatism serves as a substitute for informative MFs only.
“Unable to Determine”: Limits to Metrical Governance in Agricultural Supply chains
Authors: Freidberg Susanne
Published: August 2019

Metrics have long served as tools for governing at a distance. In the food industry, major manufacturers have embraced metrics as tools to govern the sustainability of the farms producing their commodity raw materials. This metrical turn has been influenced but also complicated by agricultural datafication, that is, the increasing quantities of data generated on and about farms. Despite the sheer abundance of data that companies might use to measure and drive improvement in on-farm sustainability, they have struggled to collect data suitable for such purposes. Attention to the different kinds of distance and diversity across which metrics are supposed to govern suggests reasons why they may fail to do so, even when wielded by otherwise powerful corporations.
Public service media beyond the digital hype: distribution strategies in a platform era
Authors: Donders Karen
Published: August 2019

The notion of public service media is used to describe public broadcasters’ provision of services that contribute to the democratic, cultural and social objectives of society, and this on multiple devices and across various technologies. While most research focuses on the theoretical case for public service media, this contribution analyses how public broadcasters strategically position themselves as providers of public service media. What are their distribution strategies in a market that is no longer dominated by the media themselves, but is characterised by a growing concentration of power in the hands of the so-called platforms and a continuous influx of new entrants? The article is based on a qualitative document analysis of public broadcasters’ strategies in Flanders, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Complementary expert interviews were also carried out. Our main finding is that public broadcasters are distributing more and more varied types of content online, but that digital-only content remains limited and is considered as a subsidiary activity. Ample reference is made to the surrounding environment as a means to legitimise the existence of public broadcasters. However, this is not yet translated into concrete and focused distribution strategies.
Hospital to home transport at end of life: Survey of clinician experience
Authors: Raed Mona , Grossoehme Daniel H , Brown Miraides , Friebert Sarah
Published: August 2019

Background:

Palliative transport is transport home of patients requiring critical care transport support with expectation of imminent death. Many parents prefer their child’s death at home; evidence suggests death in the preferred location improves bereavement outcomes. Little is known about the clinical and demographic diversity of patients receiving palliative transport or the perspectives of participating staff.

Aim:

The objectives of the present study were to (1) characterize demographic and clinical factors involved in palliative transport, (2) identify challenges encountered, and and (3) ascertain staff perspectives.

Design:

Ten-year retrospective chart review and cross-sectional staff survey using study-specific questionnaire.

Setting/participants:

Twenty-three patients had palliative transport from a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2004 to 2013, of which 12 met inclusion criteria. Survey responses from 22 participating staff were received.

Results:

The cohort of 12 patients was 58% female, with a mean (range) age of 5.5 (0.01–22) years; racial composition was not significantly different than the palliative care clinical census over the same time period. Distances under 30 miles accounted for 50% of palliative transports. The majority of patients (75%) died within 2 days of palliative transport. Six unanticipated events are described. Staff reported palliative transport as a positive experience, regarding it as an important job component. However, 63% were dissatisfied or undecided about the plan should the patient die enroute, and 48% experienced some level of dissatisfaction with communication.

Conclusion:

Palliative transport is a feasible option for some patients. Staff experienced palliative transport as valuable, although process concerns were noted. This study underscores the importance of preparedness, training, and education for palliative transports.
A Principled Approach to the Construction of Risk Assessment Categories: The Council of State Governments Justice Center Five-Level System
Authors: Kroner Daryl G. , Morrison Megan M. , M. Lowder Evan
Published: August 2019

Consistent risk category placement of criminal justice clients across instruments will improve the communication of risk. Efforts coordinated by the Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center led to the development of a principled (i.e., a system based on a given set of procedures) method of developing risk assessment levels. An established risk assessment instrument (Level of Service Inventory–Revised [LSI-R]) was used to assess the risk-level concordance of the CSG Justice Center Five-Level system. Specifically, concordance was assessed by matching the defining characteristics of the data set with its distribution qualities and by the level/category similarity between the observed reoffending base rate and the statistical probability of reoffending. Support for the CSG Justice Center Five-Level system was found through a probation data set ( N = 24,936) having a greater proportion of offenders in the lower risk levels than a parole/community data set ( N = 36,303). The statistical probabilities of reoffending in each CSG Justice Center system risk level had greater concordance to the observed Five-Level base rates than the base rates from the LSI-R original categories. The concordance evidence for the CSG Justice Center Five-Level system demonstrates the ability of this system to place clients in appropriate risk levels.
Interim results of a prospective, randomized, open-label, Phase 3 study of the long-term safety and efficacy of lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine (the GLADIATOR study)
Authors: Brandes Jan Lewis , Klise Suzanne , Krege John H , Case Michael , Khanna Rashna , Vasudeva Raghavendra , Raskin Joel , Pearlman Eric M , Kudrow David
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To address the need for long-term lasmiditan data, the GLADIATOR study evaluated the safety (primary) and efficacy (secondary) of lasmiditan for the intermittent, acute treatment of migraine attacks for up to 1 year.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, open-label, Phase 3 study, patients who had completed either of two single-attack studies were offered the opportunity to be randomized 1:1 to lasmiditan 100 mg or 200 mg. Patients were asked to use lasmiditan as the first treatment for each new migraine attack of at least moderate severity. Assessments occurred at baseline and at prespecified time increments up to 48 hours after each dose of study drug using an electronic diary, and safety was assessed throughout the study. Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) was assessed at each visit.

Results

As of the cut-off date for this interim analysis (6 March 2018), 1978 patients had received ≥ 1 lasmiditan dose and treated 19,058 migraine attacks. Overall, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were similar to those in the single-attack studies and included dizziness (18.6%), somnolence (8.5%), and paresthesia (6.8%). The frequency of TEAEs generally decreased with subsequent attacks. No treatment-related serious adverse events and no cardiovascular TEAEs potentially due to vasoconstriction were observed. For both lasmiditan doses, efficacy measures were generally consistent over study quarters and treated attacks. Overall, across all treated attacks at 2 hours post-dose, pain freedom was observed in 26.9% of the attacks treated with lasmiditan 100 mg and 32.4% of the attacks treated with lasmiditan 200 mg. MIDAS total scores decreased over time.

Conclusions

The interim results of this long-term study showed intermittent lasmiditan (100 mg and 200 mg) to be generally well tolerated and efficacious for the acute treatment of migraine over a 1-year period. Trial registration number: NCT02565186; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02565186
The Invention of the “Cursed Soldiers” and Its Opponents: Post-war Partisan Struggle in Contemporary Poland
Authors: Kończal Kornelia
Published: August 2019

This article explores one of the most dramatic shifts in the mnemonic landscape of contemporary Poland: the invention of the “cursed soldiers” ( żołnierze wyklęci). Coined in the early 1990s, this term is nowadays not only a well-established and popularly accepted description of Polish partisans fighting against the Soviet and communist authorities around 1945, and the symbol of various forms of their commemoration. It is also a powerful tool of political mobilization, subject to an intellectual debate about historical facts and moral values, as well as an object of commodification. As shown in this article, the invention of the “cursed soldiers” consisted of three stages: their legacy was claimed by popular opinion from the late 1980s, gradually acknowledged by the state around 2011, and eventually taken over by one political force after 2015. By exploring the agency operating behind the transfer of the “cursed soldiers” from the margins of memory activism to the center of the state-sponsored politics of memory, this article argues for a comprehensive study of the social and political mechanisms of memory-making in modern Poland and beyond.
Thermomechanical postbuckling of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite laminated toroidal shell segments surrounded by Pasternak’s elastic foundation
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi , Nam Vu Hoai , Trung Nguyen Thoi , Duc Vu Minh , Van Loi Nguyen , Thinh Nguyen Duc , Tu Phan Thanh
Published: August 2019

Nonlinear buckling and postbuckling analysis of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite (FG-GRC) laminated toroidal shell segments subjected to external pressure surrounded by elastic foundations and exposed to thermal environment are presented in this article. Governing equations for toroidal shell segments are based on the Donnell shell theory taking into account geometrical nonlinearity term in von Kármán sense with shell–foundation interaction modeled by Pasternak’s elastic foundation. Three-term solution form of deflection and stress function are chosen, and Galerkin method is applied to obtain the nonlinear load–deflection relation. Numerical investigations show the effects of graphene volume fraction, graphene distribution types, geometrical properties, elastic foundation, and thermal environments on the linear and nonlinear buckling and postbuckling behaviors of FG-GRC laminated toroidal shell segments.
Organizing and Managing for Excellence and Equity: The Work and Dilemmas of Instructionally Focused Education Systems
Authors: Peurach Donald J. , Yurkofsky Maxwell M. , Sutherland Daniella Hall
Published: August 2019

A sustained policy press to improve quality and reduce disparities in public education is driving U.S. public school districts to organize and manage instruction for excellence and equity. The purpose of this analysis is to elaborate and to animate patterns and dilemmas in this work. The analysis identifies five domains of work central to this transformation, four patterns in the distribution of this work among central offices and schools, and four dilemmas endemic to the work. It then uses the preceding to frame vignettes of that work and those dilemmas as playing out in four different public school districts.
“One language and one tongue”: Animal speech in Jubilees 3:27–31
Authors: Wells A Rahel
Published: August 2019

Jubilees 3:27–31 explains the command to cover one’s nakedness, and the connections with animal speech help to elucidate the reasons for this law. Jubilees implies a sort of equality/solidarity between humans and animals due to their sin/impurity. Even though God does not directly address the serpent with speech, Jubilees portrays animals as more rational than in Genesis, as they originally talked and conversed with each other and apparently also with humans. This shared rationality and identity between all animals results in all losing their speech. Animals are portrayed in Jubilees with more rationality, culpability, and even solidarity with humans than in Genesis. The one exception is that animals are not allowed to cover their nakedness, and yet they still end up in a more positive light than the nations, who are willfully uncovered and in shame.
Cutting stability and optimization of process parameters for the large-pitch screw high-feed turning
Authors: Fu Xiangfu , Li Zhe , Zheng Minli , Wang Xiurui , Li Junwei
Published: August 2019

In this study, the machining characteristics of the large-pitch screw in high-feed turning are initially analyzed, and a dynamic model for the screw subjected to moving forces is proposed to study the chatter, which has been taken into consideration “quasi-regeneration effect” of the machined surface and the actual machining path. Then, a stability model of the lobes between the amount of feed and spindle speed in the turning screw finishing stage is achieved, taking into consideration deformation of the workpiece and the tool, on the basis of the vibration equation of the workpiece and the dynamic equation of the tool, and is experimentally verified as well. The dynamics model, and stability domain provide a basis upon which multiobjective process parameter optimization method including the amount of feed and spindle speed can be put forward during high-feed turning process. Experiments are likewise performed and the results show that no chatter occurs, verifying the optimization of machining process parameters for large-pitch turning. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the surface quality and shape accuracy of the machined surface are equivalent to the high-feed turning process.
Assisted dying for prison populations: Lessons from and for abroad
Authors: Downie Jocelyn , Iftene Adelina , Steeves Megan
Published: August 2019

Canadian federal legislation setting out the framework for medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in Canada came into effect in June 2016. Because of section 86(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, as soon as MAiD became available in the community, it also needed to be made available to federal prisoners. There are some good reasons to be concerned about MAiD in the Canadian corrections system based on logistical, legal, and moral considerations. Fortunately, Canada is not the first country to decriminalize assisted dying and so Canadian policies and practices can be compared to others and take some lessons from their experiences. Thus, by reviewing the legal status of assisted dying in prisons internationally, the regulation of assisted dying, demand for assisted dying from prisoners, and the process for prisoners accessing assisted dying, this article offers a comparative overview of assisted dying for prisoners around the world in an effort to inform Canadian and other jurisdictions’ law, policy, and practice.
Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Early Initiation of Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, and Sexual Behavior Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Valencia Mei Lin C. , Tran Binh Thang , Lim Min Kyung , Choi Kui Son , Oh Jin-Kyoung
Published: August 2019

We analyzed data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (N = 68 043), a nationally representative survey, to examine the association between early initiation of smoking, alcohol drinking, and sexual activity and socioeconomic determinants among adolescents. The prevalence rates of early initiation of smoking (i.e, starting at age 12 years or younger), alcohol drinking, and sexual activity were 4.8%, 10.3%, and 1.4%, respectively. Adolescents with a low level of perceived household income, low level of father’s education, and those living without family were more likely to start these risky behaviors early. Early initiation of smoking was significantly affected by affordability.
Understanding Interpersonal and Organizational Dynamics Among Providers Responding to Crisis
Authors: McGovern Krystal M. , Wells Emily E. , Landstrom Gay L. , Ghaferi Amir A.
Published: August 2019

Patient rescue occurs in phases: recognizing the problem, communicating the concern, and treating the complication. To help improve rescue, we sought to understand facilitators and barriers to managing postoperative complications. We used a criterion-based sample from a large academic medical center. Semistructured interviews ( n = 57) were conducted, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis and consensus coding was performed using NVivo 11. We used a framework matrix approach to synthesize our coding and identify themes that facilitate or impede rescue. Clinicians identified root causes for delays in care, such as recognizing patient deterioration, knowing whom to contact and when, and reaching the correct decision-making provider. This study identified significant variation in communication processes across providers caring for surgical patients. Targeted interventions aimed at improving and standardizing these aspects of communication may significantly influence the ability to effectively identify and escalate care for postoperative complications.
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor With Atypical Pathological Features: Report of a Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Hagiya Ashley , Zhou Ming , Hung Andrew , Aron Manju
Published: August 2019

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare renal tumor with a predominantly benign clinical course. It affects young adults, who often present with hypertension, hypokalemia, and hyperaldosteronism. The tumor cells are round to spindle-shaped with occasional mild to moderate atypia, but mitotic figures are usually absent. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Typically, the blood pressure and renin levels normalize after removal of the tumor. Rare cases of metastatic and recurrent JGCT have been reported including cases with vascular invasion. These cases typically occur in older adults and present with larger tumor size (9-15 cm). We report a case of JGCT, 5.5 cm in greatest dimension, with atypical pathological features including invasion of the renal vein, lymphovascular invasion, and significant pleomorphism with rhabdoid morphology, along with a brief review of the literature.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Contemporary Intelligence Test (IQ) Factor Structure: Implications for IQ Assessment, Interpretation, and Theory
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , McGill Ryan J. , Morgan Grant B.
Published: August 2019

Researchers continue to debate the constructs measured by commercial ability tests. Factor analytic investigations of these measures have been used to develop and refine widely adopted psychometric theories of intelligence particularly the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model. Even so, this linkage may be problematic as many of these investigations examine a particular instrument in isolation and CHC model specification across tests and research teams has not been consistent. To address these concerns, the present study used Monte Carlo resampling to investigate the latent structure of four of the most widely used intelligence tests for children and adolescents. The results located the approximate existence of the publisher posited CHC theoretical group factors in the Differential Abilities Scales–Second edition and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Second edition but not in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth edition or the Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Instead, the results supported alternative conceptualizations from independent factor analytic research. Additionally, whereas a bifactor model produced superior fit indices in two instruments (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth edition and Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities), a higher order structure was found to be superior in the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Second edition and the Differential Abilities Scales–Second edition. Regardless of the model employed, the general factor captured a significant portion of each instrument’s variance. Implications for IQ test assessment, interpretation, and theory are discussed.
Biomarkers for Stratification in Colorectal Cancer: MicroRNAs
Authors: Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Pretorius Ashley , Klein Ashwil
Published: August 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely recognized and deadly malignancies worldwide. In spite of the fact that the death rates have declined over the previous decade, particularly because of enhanced screening or potential treatment alternatives, CRC still remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world, with an estimated incidence of over 1 million new cases and approximately 600 000 deaths estimated yearly. Unlike prostate and lung cancer, CRC is not easily detectable in its early stage, which may also account for its high mortality rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs. The roles of these noncoding RNAs have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, most especially CRC, due to their ability to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of many miRNAs regulates the expression of hundreds of growth regulatory genes and pathways that are important in the multistep model of colorectal carcinogenesis. If CRC is detected early, it is a largely treatable disease. Early diagnosis, including the identification of premalignant adenomas, is regarded a major concept for improving patient survival in CRC treatment. Several lines of research suggest that miRNAs are closely implicated in the metastatic process in CRC and some of these miRNAs could be useful as promising clinical tools for identifying specific stages of CRC due to their differential expression. This review discusses the correlation between CRC staging relative to the specific expression of miRNA for early detection, treatment, and disease management.
Cyclophosphamide desensitization in patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions to bendamustine
Authors: Figgins Bradley , Primeaux Brian , Shank Brandon R , Chen Sheree E , Weber Donna M , Lu Huifang
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylator employed in the treatment of many malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Despite reports of cyclophosphamide hypersensitivity ranging from rash to anaphylaxis, no cases of desensitization have been reported in the oncologic setting.

Case report

We report a cyclophosphamide desensitization protocol used for two patients who experienced severe hypersensitivity to bendamustine, a structurally related drug with potential cross immunogenicity.

Management and outcome

An interdisciplinary approach including immunologist, oncologist, and clinical pharmacists resulted in the development of a multi-step desensitization protocol for cyclophosphamide. The desensitization protocol described enabled the safe administration of cyclophosphamide for the two patients with limited treatment alternatives.

Discussion

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of cyclophosphamide desensitization in the oncologic setting. Two patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were able to receive cyclophosphamide with minimal adverse effects, despite experiencing previous severe hypersensitivity to another nitrogen mustard analogue.
Anesthesia for Pediatric Heart Transplantation: Are Patients With a Failing Hemi-Fontan- or Fontan-Physiology Different?
Authors: Mueller Matthias F. , Paul Ann-Catrin , Mann Valesco , Koerner Christian M. , Valeske Klaus , Thul Josef , Mazhari Noona , Bauer Juergen , Schranz Dietmar , Akintuerk Hakan
Published: August 2019

Background. The absolute number of patients presenting with failure of the hemi-Fontan or Fontan circulation for cardiac transplantation (cTx) will continuously rise. We aimed to analyze the intraoperative differences in patients undergoing cTx for a failing hemi-Fontan or Fontan circulation (group A) with those undergoing cTx for cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease (group B). Methods. Data of patients undergoing cTx during a 10-year period were compared between group A and group B patients. Results. cTx was performed in 83 patients (group A, n = 21; group B, n = 62). Surgical times including median incision-suture time (549 minutes vs 386 minutes, P < .05) and median organ ischemia time (305 minutes vs 233 minutes, P < .05) were longer in group A patients. After weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass a higher median modified Vasoactive Inotropic Score (16 vs 10, P < .05) was necessary in group A patients. During surgery more fresh frozen plasma (44 mL/kg vs 20 mL/kg, P < .05), platelet concentrates (20 mL/kg vs 14 mL/kg, P < .05), and coagulation factor concentrates were given in group A patients. Mortality during the first 90 days after cTx was higher in group A (23.8% vs 6.5%, P < .05). Conclusion. Patients undergoing cTx for a failing hemi-Fontan or Fontan circulation are challenging. They require an intensive vasoactive and inotropic support; furthermore, special attention should be paid to the management of bleeding complications. cTx for this group of patients is associated with higher 90 days mortality.
Clinical and radiological results with a 36-mm cobalt-chrome prosthetic head, cross-linked Durasul liners associated with Allofit cups: a more than 10-year follow-up period
Authors: Georis Pierre , Thirion Thierry , Gillet Philippe
Published: August 2019

Background:

Highly cross-linked polyethylene is currently a common articulation surface used for total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Aim:

The aim of the present study is in vivo assessment of highly cross-linked Durasul polyethylene linear and volumetric wear when associated with a 36-mm prosthetic femoral head.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiographic data of 78 patients (81 hips) having primary THAs using Durasul liner combined with a 36-mm CoCr prosthetic head. All of them were followed for more than 10 years. Patient outcome was assessed with the Harris Hip Score (HHS) preoperatively and at last follow-up. 2-D prosthetic head penetration into polyethylene, 3D wear rates and cup migration were evaluated.

Results:

The preoperative and last follow-up HHS were 50.43 +/− 10.42 and 97.44 +/− 5.51 respectively. The annual penetration of the prosthetic head into Durasul® liner was 0.029 +/− 0.003 mm. The annual linear penetration and volumetric wear extrapolation rates using Charnley and Ilchmann formulas were 37.84% and 57.76% respectively of that seen with conventional polyethylene liner. At last follow-up, the total loss of material in Durasul represents only 0.15% of the initial polyethylene mass. We did not observe any significant cup migration in the study group.

Conclusions:

Results are promising, and we believe that these data authorise the continued use of highly cross-linked polyethylene liner associated with a 36-mm prosthetic head for total hip arthroplasties in older patients. More long-term follow-up studies are mandatory before we feel comfortable with the project of using cross-linked polyethylene in young and active patients instead of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings.
Organisational magic and the making of Christmas: On glamour, grottos and enchantment
Authors: Hancock Philip
Published: August 2019

Drawing on qualitative research into the design, delivery and organisation of Christmas grottos, this article offers a critical understanding of the role that a functional belief in organisational magic plays in their manufacture and operation. Utilising classic anthropological research into the cultural production of magical belief systems, I attend to how such magic is produced through a network of sociomaterial practices conducive to the commercial values of the Anglo-American Christmas. I additionally draw on contemporary literature on aesthetic and atmospheric organisation in order to analyse the practical accomplishment of organisational magic as a mode of captivation and re-enchantment. This article concludes by emphasising the increasingly commercial utility of a functional belief in magic as an organisational resource, highlighting the need for further empirical scrutiny, as well as conceptual and theoretical analysis.
Digital (dis)connectivity in fraught contexts: The case of gay refugees in Belgium
Authors: Dhoest Alexander
Published: August 2019

The key role of digital and mobile media for refugees is increasingly acknowledged, but while the literature on the topic tends to celebrate the advantages of digital media, it is important to also acknowledge limitations. Thus, the focus on the creation and maintenance of connections through digital media may obscure experiences and practices of disconnection. This is certainly the case for forced migrants with non-normative sexual orientations, for whom experiences of homophobia within the family and ethno-cultural community in the country of origin may extend to fraught situations in the country of residence. As with digital media in general, it is important to consider the ‘offline’ social and cultural conditions determining online media uses. This article focuses on the specific challenges for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer refugees, both in general and in Belgium, drawing on desk research and expert interviews, as well as nine in-depth interviews with gay-identifying male refugees. While the refugees are relatively positive about the Belgian situation, they do identify a number of challenges. They use digital media to stay connected to family and other people in the country of origin, but often this connection has become difficult. Social media and dating sites also offer a way to connect to other gay men, but these connections can be equally fraught, particularly in the country of origin for danger of exposure but also in Belgium as social media transcend national boundaries. For this reason, some participants created new or parallel profiles, to keep their gay lives disconnected from their family lives. Overall, then, digital media are a tool not only of connection but also of strategic disconnection for gay refugees.
Affective coding: Strategies of online steganography in fathers’ mental health disclosure
Authors: Das Ranjana , Hodkinson Paul
Published: August 2019

This article introduces the idea of ‘affective coding’ as a form of affectively loaded, digital social steganography – a form of hiding messages – as it presents findings from interviews with new fathers struggling to cope with and disclose mental illnesses, against the context of cultures of silencing. While previous expositions of online social steganography have considered its role in privacy management or its employment in concealing identities, we conceptualise affective coding as an agentic and discursive-material digital practice of attempted revelation, occupying a liminal space between silence and more explicit attempts to reach out, disclose and seek support. Our findings show men undertaking a range of seemingly minor online acts, each demonstrating subtle strategies of managing self-disclosure and social media architecture, and each encoded with a substantial amount of affective investment. We discuss motivations, strategies and outcomes of affective coding, before discussing its significance for self-disclosure in platform societies.
Is it a Tie at This Point in the Game? Efficacy of Levetiracetam and Phenytoin for the Second-Line Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Vossler David G.
Published: August 2019

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