bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of multiwall carbon nanotube/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Hajializadeh Shahla , Barikani Mehdi , Bellah Samad Moemen
Published: March 2017

The preparation of thermoplastic nanocomposites of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via an in situ polymerization approach is presented. The effects of the presence and content of MWCNTs on the morphology and thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Carbon nanotubes were modified with amide groups in order to enhance their chemical affinity towards WBPU. Thermogravimetric studies show enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning and transmission electronic microscopy images prove that functionalized carbon nanotubes can be effectively dispersed in WBPU matrix. Mechanical properties reveal that Young's modulus and tensile strength tend to increase when appropriate amounts of MWCNTs are loaded due to the reinforcing effect of the functionalized carbon nanotubes. Thermal properties show an increase in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus with an increase in MWCNT content. X‐ray diffraction reveals better crystallization of the WBPU in the presence of MWCNTs. The WBPU/MWCNT nanocomposite film containing 1 wt% of MWCNTs exhibits a conductivity nearly five orders of magnitude higher than that of WBPU film. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Single‐molecule mechanochemical characterization of E. coli pol III core catalytic activity
Authors: Naufer M. Nabuan , Murison David A. , Rouzina Ioulia , Beuning Penny J. , Williams Mark C.
Published: March 2017

Pol III core is the three‐subunit subassembly of the E. coli replicative DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. It contains the catalytic polymerase subunit α, the 3′ → 5′ proofreading exonuclease ε, and a subunit of unknown function, θ. We employ optical tweezers to characterize pol III core activity on a single DNA substrate. We observe polymerization at applied template forces F < 25 pN and exonucleolysis at F > 30 pN. Both polymerization and exonucleolysis occur as a series of short bursts separated by pauses. For polymerization, the initiation rate after pausing is independent of force. In contrast, the exonucleolysis initiation rate depends strongly on force. The measured force and concentration dependence of exonucleolysis initiation fits well to a two‐step reaction scheme in which pol III core binds bimolecularly to the primer‐template junction, then converts at rate k2 into an exo‐competent conformation. Fits to the force dependence of kinit show that exo initiation requires fluctuational opening of two base pairs, in agreement with temperature‐ and mismatch‐dependent bulk biochemical assays. Taken together, our results support a model in which the pol and exo activities of pol III core are effectively independent, and in which recognition of the 3′ end of the primer by either α or ε is governed by the primer stability. Thus, binding to an unstable primer is the primary mechanism for mismatch recognition during proofreading, rather than an alternative model of duplex defect recognition.
Electromagnetic and oxidation resistance properties of core‐shell structure flaked carbonyl iron powder@SiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Li Wangchang , Le Cheng , Lv Junjun , Huang Wei , Qiao Liang , Zheng Jingwu , Ying Yao , Yu Jing , Che Shenglei
Published: March 2017

The SiO2 coated sphere and flaky carbonyl iron powders (CIPs) heterogeneous nanocomposites have been prepared through the Stöber method and subsequently, through an annealing process for eliminating the crystal defect and enhancing the insulation and oxidation resistance of SiO2 shell. The CIP@SiO2 heterogeneous nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The CIP surface had been successfully assembly‐coated with nano SiO2 layer, obtained by the SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Both the annealing treatment and the SiO2 shell can synergetically improve the oxidation resistance property due to the reduction of defects and residual stress, and isolation of oxygen, respectively. Changed everywhere permittivity (magnetic permeability) by effective permittivity (magnetic permeability). The real part of the permittivity of the nanocomposite decreased significantly, while the imaginary part of permittivity remained the same indicating the increase of dielectric loss. The permeability decreased slightly for the SiO2 insulated shell blocking the magnetic path. Hence, the electromagnetic match property was greatly improved by coating SiO2 insulated shell, and this composite showed a broad absorption band.
Design, Network Analysis, In Silico Modeling and Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Nanocomposites as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Panneerselvam Theivendren , Arumugam Subramanian , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Selvaraj Kunjiappan , Indhumathy Murugan , Sivakumar Arumugam , Joshi Shrinivas D.
Published: March 2017

A novel benzimidazole was synthesized and formulated as a nanocomposite and it was characterized by spectral, elemental analyses followed by the nanocomposite was screened for their anticancer activity. The anticancer screening of synthesized compounds was evaluated against two different cancer cell lines. Molecular modelling was performed to identify drug‐receptor interaction using three dimensional crystal structures of human protein p38α. The formulated nanocomposite produces p38α MAP Kinases inhibitory activity with IC50 <1μm. Moreover, nanocomposite possesses significant anticancer activity than synthesized benzimidazole. The high levels of activity shown by nanocomposites were suggesting that the conversion of synthetic motif into nanocomposite could be serving as leads for development of novelty with enhanced biological activities. These results provide a further insight into target to develop potential new agents to combat various biological activities.
Field‐Dependent Magnetic Behaviour in MnII(dicarboxylate)‐(bipyridyl)‐type 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Interpenetrated Structures
Authors: Goswami Soumyabrata , Leitus Gregory , Goldberg Israel
Published: March 2017

Three new three‐dimensional (3D) MnII based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) [{Mn(tda)(bpy)}4⋅2CH3CN]n (1), [Mn(tda)(bpe)⋅xH2O]n (2) and [Mn(tda)(4‐bpmh)⋅2CH3CN]n (3) have been solvothermally synthesized using MnCl2⋅4H2O, thiophene‐2, 5‐dicarboxylic acid (H2tda) and different pyridyl N,N′‐donor spacer ligands [bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridyl, bpe = 1,2‐bis‐(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and 4‐bpmh = N,N′‐bispyridine‐4‐yl‐methylene‐hydrazine]. Structural study reveals twofold interpenetrated 3D pillar‐layer structures for all three complexes, constructed from two‐dimensional (2D) Mn‐carboxylate layers and neutral bipyridyl pillars. The 2D layers represent continuous extension of dinuclear [Mn2(CO2)4N4] nodes inter‐connected via the tda ligands. Topological characterization represents a twofold interpenetrated 6‐connected uninodal net with pcu α‐Po primitive cubic topology. Variable temperature magnetic measurements in the three complexes reveal the presence of similar antiferromagnetic interactions between neighbouring MnII ions, mediated through syn‐syn carboxylate bridges. However, temperature dependent susceptibility plots taken at different magnetic fields show that the antiferromagnetic interactions observed in the complexes at lower magnetic fields are overcome by some inter‐cluster interactions at higher magnetic fields. This interesting feature has also been perceived from field‐dependent magnetization measurements and the hysteresis data.
MORE: A multi‐objective refactoring recommendation approach to introducing design patterns and fixing code smells
Authors: Ouni Ali , Kessentini Marouane , Ó Cinnéide Mel , Sahraoui Houari , Deb Kalyanmoy , Inoue Katsuro
Published: March 2017

Refactoring is widely recognized as a crucial technique applied when evolving object‐oriented software systems. If applied well, refactoring can improve different aspects of software quality including readability, maintainability, and extendibility. However, despite its importance and benefits, recent studies report that automated refactoring tools are underused much of the time by software developers. This paper introduces an automated approach for refactoring recommendation, called MORE, driven by 3 objectives: (1) to improve design quality (as defined by software quality metrics), (2) to fix code smells, and (3) to introduce design patterns. To this end, we adopt the recent nondominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA‐III, to find the best trade‐off between these 3 objectives. We evaluated the efficacy of our approach using a benchmark of 7 medium and large open‐source systems, 7 commonly occurring code smells (god class, feature envy, data class, spaghetti code, shotgun surgery, lazy class, and long parameter list), and 4 common design pattern types (visitor, factory method, singleton, and strategy). Our approach is empirically evaluated through a quantitative and qualitative study to compare it against 3 different state‐of‐the art approaches, 2 popular multiobjective search algorithms, and random search. The statistical analysis of the results confirms the efficacy of our approach in improving the quality of the studied systems while successfully fixing 84% of code smells and introducing an average of 6 design patterns. In addition, the qualitative evaluation shows that most of the suggested refactorings (an average of 69%) are considered by developers to be relevant and meaningful.
Tragfähigkeit von Winkelprofilen bei Druckbeanspruchung und realen Lagerungsbedingungen
Authors: Kettler Markus , Unterweger Harald
Published: March 2017

In diesem Beitrag werden sowohl die Drucktragfähigkeiten von Labortests aus der einschlägigen Fachliteratur als auch die Ergebnisse einer numerischen Studie zum Tragverhalten von Winkelprofilen bei Druckbeanspruchung und realen Lagerungsbedingungen aufbereitet und vergleichend dargestellt. Den Schwerpunkt bilden dabei beidseits geschraubte Ausführungsformen. Die präsentierten Drucktragfähigkeiten werden außerdem mit den gültigen Normenregelungen für den Freileitungsbau sowie für den allgemeinen Stahlbau (Hochbau) verglichen. Das ausgearbeitete Beispiel am Ende des Beitrags ergänzt den Vergleich und kann als Hilfestellung für die Praxis dienen.
Vorschläge zum Bau von Verbundbögen an Stabbogenbrücken
Authors: Bransch Martin
Published: March 2017

Der vorwiegend druckbeanspruchte Bogen von Stabbogen brücken (Langerscher Balken) ist meist in Stahl ausgeführt. Dies widerspricht dem Grundsatz, Beton bei Druckbeanspruchung und Stahl bei Zugbeanspruchung einzusetzen. Die einfache Montage der Stahlbögen gegenüber einem aufwändigen Lehrgerüst bei Beton, hohe Vorfertigung und ein geringes Montagegewicht gegenüber einem schweren Betonbogen sind Gründe für die Verwendung des Stahlbogens. Als Alternative zum Stahl‐ oder Betonbogen werden Vorschläge für einen Verbundbogen an „normalen” Stabbogenbrücken aufgezeigt. Dieser vereint, wie eine Verbundstütze, viele Vorteile der Stahl‐ und Stahlbeton bauweise.

Berechnungen zeigen, dass einbetonierte Walzprofile für Stab bögen üblicher Stützweite einsetzbar sind. Diese bieten wirtschaftliche Vorteile und das Walzprofil dient als Schalungsträger oder Schalung. Ausbetonierte Hohlprofile ermöglichen besonders schlanke Bögen und dienen ebenso als Schalung. Weiterhin sind mögliche Bogenfußpunkte angegeben und analysiert.

Stabbogenbrücken werden häufig auf einem Vormontageplatz montiert und anschließend in die Endlage verschoben. Hier bieten Verbundbögen Vorteile durch ein gegenüber reinen Stahl bögen leichteres Stahlskelett beim Verschub der Brücke.
Digitales Planen und Bauen – Vorteile im Stahlbau
Authors: Münzner Hinrich , Schmidt Ingo
Published: March 2017

Die Planung, Fertigung und Montage in Stahlbauunternehmen ist von der modernen IT‐Infrastruktur geprägt und bildet eine hoch integrierte Einheit. Die Anbindung an den gesamtheitlichen Lebenszyklus des Gebäudes ist im herkömmlichen, nach Leistungsphasen gegliederten Planungsablauf, nur begrenzt möglich. Mit Einführung der BIM‐Methode hat der Stahlbau die Chance, sich in die Prozesskette einzubinden und die vielfältigen vorhandenen Erfahrungen in der digitalen Planung und Fertigung auf die gesamte Prozesskette auszuweiten.
Wettability Modification of Lignite by Adsorption of Dodecyl Based Surfactants for Inhibition of Moisture Re‐adsorption
Authors: Liu Yutao , Liu Shengyu
Published: March 2017

In order to restrain moisture re‐adsorption of dried lignite, a series of dodecyl based surfactants with various hydrophilic heads including dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), dodecyl nonaethoxyl ether (C12EO9) and a gemini surfactant (G12‐2‐12) were used to adsorb on lignite surface for wettability modification. The adsorption isotherms and zeta potential were determined to study the adsorption process. Lagergren‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics models were used to simulate the adsorption kinetics. The modified lignite was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, and the wettability of it was evaluated by the wetting heat and moisture re‐adsorption ratio. The results indicate that hydrophilic heads of surfactants play an important role in adsorption mechanisms and structures of their adsorption layers on lignite surface, which are responsible for wettability alteration. Four surfactants produce different effects on restraining moisture re‐adsorption of lignite: the effect of cationic surfactants is better and worse for anionic surfactant SDS, while the non‐ionic surfactant C12EO9 shows intermediate behavior. But with the formation of double‐layer adsorption, hydrophilic headgroups of surfactant face outward, which causes hydrophilicity of lignite to rise again. Combining adsorption situations and wettability modification effects, the relationship between molecular orientation of four surfactants on a lignite surface and wettability reversal of lignite are discussed.
Sexual Rehabilitation After Treatment for Prostate Cancer—Part 1: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015)
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Adaikan Ganesh , Buvat Jacques , Carrier Serge , El-Meliegy Amr , Hatzimouratidis Kostas , McCullough Andrew , Morgentaler Abraham , Torres Luiz Otavio , Khera Mohit
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.

Aim

To provide the International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM) 2015 recommendations concerning prevention and management strategies for post-RP erectile function impairment in terms of preoperative patient characteristics and intraoperative factors that could influence erectile function recovery.

Methods

A literature search was performed using Google and PubMed databases for English-language original and review articles published up to August 2016.

Main Outcome Measures

Levels of evidence (LEs) and grades of recommendations (GRs) based on a thorough analysis of the literature and committee consensus.

Results

Nine recommendations are provided by the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP. Recommendation 1 states that clinicians should discuss the occurrence of postsurgical erectile dysfunction (temporary or permanent) with every candidate for RP (expert opinion, clinical principle). Recommendation 2 states that validated instruments for assessing erectile function recovery such as the International Index of Erectile Function and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaires are available to monitor EF recovery after RP (LE = 1, GR = A). Recommendation 3 states there is insufficient evidence that a specific surgical technique (open vs laparoscopic vs robot-assisted radical prostatectomy) promotes better results in postoperative EF recovery (LE = 2, GR = C). Recommendation 4 states that recognized predictors of EF recovery include but are not limited to younger age, preoperative EF, and bilateral nerve-sparing surgery (LE = 2, GR = B). Recommendation 5 states that patients should be informed about key elements of the pathophysiology of postoperative erectile dysfunction, such as nerve injury and cavernous venous leak (expert opinion, clinical principle).

Conclusions

This article discusses Recommendations 1 to 5 of the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP.
A priori interior gradient bounds for solutions to elliptic Weingarten equations
Authors: Korevaar Nicholas J.
Published: March 2017

In this paper a maximum principle approach is used to derive
a priori
interior gradient bounds for smooth solutions to the Weingarten equations

f(\mathrm{\lambda }) = \sum \limits_{i_{1}\: < \:i_{2}\: < \:…\: < i_{k}}\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{1}}…\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{k}} = \mathrm{\psi }(x,\:u,\:v).

Here

λ = (λ_1, …, λ_n)

is the vector of principal curvatures of the graph of u at a point

(x, u(x))

on the graph, with downward normal

v

. One requires a one-sided height bound

(u < 0)

, natural structure conditions on the prescribed function

ψ

, and the restriction that all

λ

lie in a certain cone of eigenvalues for which

f

is elliptic. The result generalizes what is known to be true for the prescribed mean curvature equation (

k = 1

).

Dans cet article une méthode de principe du maximum est employée pour dériver une majoration
a priori
des gradients intérieurs pour les solutions

C^3

d’équations elliptiques de Weingarten:

f(\mathrm{\lambda }) = \sum \limits_{i_{1}\: < \:i_{2}\: < \:…\: < i_{k}}\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{1}}…\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{k}} = \mathrm{\psi }(x,\:u,\:v).

ici

λ = (λ_1, …, λ_n)

est le vecteur des courbatures du graphe de

u

au point

(x, u(x))

de ce graphe avec un normal (vers le bas)

v

. Il faut avoir une majoration

(u < 0)

, des conditions naturelles sur la fonction

ψ

, et la contrainte que tous les

λ

se situent dans un certain cône de valeurs propres pour lesquelles

f

est elliptique. Ce résultat généralise ce qui est connu dans le cas de l’équation de la courbature moyenne (

k = 1

).
Understanding discrete capillary-wave turbulence using a quasi-resonant kinetic equation
Authors: Pan Yulin , Yue Dick K. P.
Published: March 2017

Experimental and numerical studies have shown that, with sufficient nonlinearity, the theoretical capillary-wave power-law spectrum derived from the kinetic equation (KE) of weak turbulence theory can be realized. This is despite the fact that the KE is derived assuming an infinite domain with continuous wavenumber, while experiments and numerical simulations are conducted in realistic finite domains with discrete wavenumbers for which the KE theoretically allows no energy transfer. To understand this, we first analyse results from direct simulations of the primitive Euler equations to elucidate the role of nonlinear resonance broadening (NRB) in discrete turbulence. We define a quantitative measure of the NRB, explaining its dependence on the nonlinearity level and its effect on the properties of the obtained stationary power-law spectra. This inspires us to develop a new quasi-resonant kinetic equation (QKE) for discrete turbulence, which incorporates the mechanism of NRB, governed by a single parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ expressing the ratio of NRB and wavenumber discreteness. At $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}\approx 0.02$, the QKE recovers simultaneously the spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}=-17/4$ and the Kolmogorov constant $C_{0}=6.97$ (corrected from the original derivation) of the theoretical continuous spectrum, which physically represents the upper bound of energy cascade capacity for the discrete turbulence. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}$, the obtained spectra represent those corresponding to a finite domain with insufficient nonlinearity, resulting in a steeper spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}$ and reduced capacity of energy cascade $C>C_{0}$. The physical insights from the QKE are corroborated by direct simulation results of the Euler equations.
Faxén form of time-domain force on a sphere in unsteady spatially varying viscous compressible flows
Authors: Annamalai Subramanian , Balachandar S.
Published: March 2017

An explicit expression for the time-dependent force on a stationary, finite-sized spherical particle located in an unsteady inhomogeneous ambient flow is presented. The force expression accounts for both viscous and compressible effects. Towards this end, a time-harmonic plane travelling wave of a given frequency propagating in a viscous compressible flow over a sphere is considered. Linearized compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved to obtain an analytical expression for the force exerted on the particle in the frequency domain. The force obtained in the Laplace space due to a travelling wave of a given frequency and wavenumber is then generalized to any arbitrary incoming flow. This is achieved by relating the radial and tangential velocity components in the Laplace space to the surface-averaged radial velocity and volume-averaged velocity vectors respectively in the time space. Moreover an expression relating the surface-averaged radial velocity and volume-averaged velocity vector has been provided. The total force is written as a summation of the undisturbed and disturbed force (quasi-steady, inviscid-unsteady and viscous-unsteady) contributions. The force contributions thus obtained are expressed as comprising of two parts – that arising due to spatial variation in the ambient flow and the other arising due to temporal variation. The current formulation is applicable to inhomogeneous ambient flows, however in the limit of negligible Reynolds and Mach numbers. The results are applicable even for particles of sizes larger than the acoustic wavelength. The accuracy of the explicit time-domain force expression is first tested by computing the force on an 80 mm diameter particle due to a weak planar expansion fan. Extension of this formulation when nonlinear effects become important is also proposed and tested by considering strong expansion fans. The results thus obtained are compared against corresponding axisymmetric numerical simulations.
Nonlinear dynamics induced by linear wave interactions in multilayered flows
Authors: Guha Anirban , Udwadia Firdaus E.
Published: March 2017

Using simple kinematics, we propose a general theory of linear wave interactions between the interfacial waves of a two-dimensional (2D), inviscid, multilayered fluid system. The strength of our formalism is that one does not have to specify the physics of the waves in advance. Wave interactions may lead to instabilities, which may or may not be of the familiar ‘normal-mode’ type. Contrary to intuition, the underlying dynamical system describing linear wave interactions is found to be nonlinear. Specifically, a saw-tooth jet profile with three interfaces possessing kinematic and geometric symmetry is explored. Fixed points of the system for different ranges of a Froude number like control parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ are derived, and their stability evaluated. Depending upon the initial condition and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$, the dynamical system may reveal transient growth, weakly positive Lyapunov exponents, as well as different nonlinear phenomena such as the formation of periodic and pseudo-periodic orbits. All these occur for those ranges of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ where normal-mode theory predicts neutral stability. Such rich nonlinear phenomena are not observed in a 2D dynamical system resulting from the two-wave problem, which reveals only stable and unstable nodes.
A settling-driven instability in two-component, stably stratified fluids
Authors: Alsinan A. , Meiburg E. , Garaud P.
Published: March 2017

We analyse the linear stability of stably stratified fluids whose density depends on two scalar fields where one of the scalar fields is unstably stratified and involves a settling velocity. Such conditions may be found, for example, in flows involving the transport of sediment in addition to heat or salt. A linear stability analysis for constant-gradient base states demonstrates that the settling velocity generates a phase shift between the perturbation fields of the two scalars, which gives rise to a novel, settling-driven instability mode. This instability mechanism favours the growth of waves that are inclined with respect to the horizontal. It is active for all density and diffusivity ratios, including for cases in which the two scalars diffuse at identical rates. If the scalars have unequal diffusivities, it competes with the elevator mode waves of the classical double-diffusive instability. We present detailed linear stability results as a function of the governing dimensionless parameters, including for lateral gradients of the base state density fields that result in predominantly horizontal intrusion instabilities. Highly resolved direct numerical simulation results serve to illustrate the nonlinear competition of the various instabilities for such flows in different parameter regimes.
CONGRUENCES FOR TRUNCATED HYPERGEOMETRIC SERIES
Authors: LIU JI-CAI
Published: March 2017

Rodriguez-Villegas conjectured four supercongruences associated to certain elliptic curves, which were first confirmed by Mortenson by using the Gross–Koblitz formula. In this paper we prove four supercongruences between two truncated hypergeometric series $_{2}F_{1}$. The results generalise the four Rodriguez-Villegas supercongruences.
Efficacy of fibre additions to flatbread flour mixes for reducing post-meal glucose and insulin responses in healthy Indian subjects
Authors: Boers Hanny M. , MacAulay Katrina , Murray Peter , Dobriyal Rajendra , Mela David J. , Spreeuwenberg Maria A. M.
Published: March 2017

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, including in developing countries, particularly in South Asia. Intakes of foods generating a high postprandial glucose (PPG) response have been positively associated with T2DM. As part of efforts to identify effective and feasible strategies to reduce the glycaemic impact of carbohydrate-rich staples, we previously found that addition of guar gum (GG) and chickpea flour (CPF) to wheat flour could significantly reduce the PPG response to flatbread products. On the basis of the results of an exploratory study with Caucasian subjects, we have now tested the effect of additions of specific combinations of CPF with low doses of GG to a flatbread flour mix for their impacts on PPG and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses in a South-Asian population. In a randomised, placebo-controlled full-cross-over design, fifty-six healthy Indian adults consumed flatbreads made with a commercial flatbread mix (100 % wheat flour) with no further additions (control) or incorporating 15 % CPF in combination with 2, 3 or 4 % GG. The flatbreads with CPF and 3 or 4 % GG significantly reduced PPG (both ≥15 % reduction in positive incremental AUC, P<0·01) and PPI (both ≥28 % reduction in total AUC, P<0·0001) compared with flatbreads made from control flour. These results confirm the efficacy and feasibility of the addition of CPF with GG to flatbread flour mixes to achieve significant reductions in both PPG and PPI in Indian subjects.
A Tonian age for the Visingsö Group in Sweden constrained by detrital zircon dating and biochronology: implications for evolutionary events
Authors: MOCZYDŁOWSKA MAŁGORZATA , PEASE VICTORIA , WILLMAN SEBASTIAN , WICKSTRÖM LINDA , AGIĆ HEDA
Published: March 2017

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages from samples of the Neoproterozoic Visingsö Group, Sweden, yield a maximum depositional age of ≤ 886±9 Ma (2σ). A minimum depositional age is established biochronologically using organic-walled and vase-shaped microfossils present in the upper formation of the Visingsö Group; the upper formation correlates with the Kwagunt Formation of the 780–740 Ma Chuar Group in Arizona, USA, and the lower Mount Harper Group, Yukon, Canada, that is older than 740 Ma. Mineralized scale microfossils of the type recorded from the upper Fifteenmile Group, Yukon, Canada, where they occur in a narrow stratigraphic range and are younger than 788 Ma, are recognized for the first time outside Laurentia. The mineralized scale microfossils in the upper formation of the Visingsö Group seem to have a wider stratigraphic range, and are older thanc. 740 Ma. The inferred age range of mineralized scale microfossils is 788–740 Ma. This time interval coincides with the vase-shaped microfossil range because both microfossil groups co-occur. The combined isotopic and biochronologic ages constrain the Visingsö Group to between ≤ 886 and 740 Ma, thus Tonian in age. This is the first robust age determination for the Visingsö Group, which preserves a rich microfossil assemblage of worldwide distribution. The organic and mineralized microorganisms preserved in the Visingsö Group and coeval successions elsewhere document global evolutionary events of auto- and heterotrophic protist radiations that are crucial to the reconstruction of eukaryotic phylogeny based on the fossil record and are useful for the Neoproterozoic chronostratigraphic subdivision.
Anglicanism and Interventionism: Bishop Brent, The United States, and the British Empire in the First World War
Authors: SNAPE MICHAEL
Published: March 2017

Although largely overlooked by historians, the worldwide Anglican Communion proved to be a major force in mobilising support for the Allied cause throughout the First World War. This article examines the wartime career of Bishop Charles Henry Brent, a Canadian-born bishop of America's Protestant Episcopal Church, who is usually remembered as a missionary, an ecumenist, and as a campaigner against the international opium trade. This article revisits Brent's wartime career, illustrating his three-fold significance as a contemporary symbol of Episcopalian power and influence in the United States, as an epitome of Episcopalian Anglophilia, and as a morale-boosting presence in wartime Britain.
Acts as Kerygma: λαλεῖν τὸν λόγον
Authors: Holladay Carl R.
Published: March 2017

This essay argues that Acts is essentially kerygmatic in its literary texture and purpose. It assumes that literary purpose, even genre to some extent, can be determined by examining how language is used in two respects: (1) through the authorial voice of the narrative, and (2) by the direct speech of characters within the story. This is especially the case when there is a strong convergence in the pattern of usage in the narrative voice and the dialogical voice. Three literary aspects are investigated: (1) kerygmatic vocabulary, (2) the speeches, and (3) the expression ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ/ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου. The operative kerygmatic vocabulary in Acts is displayed in two appendices containing statistical information comparing Lukan usage with other NT writings.
Marcion's Gospel and the New Testament: Catalyst or Consequence?
Authors: Beduhn Jason
Published: March 2017

These three short papers were delivered in the ‘Quaestiones disputatae’ session at the 71st General Meeting of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, held at McGill University, Montreal, on 3 August 2016. The session was chaired by Professor Carl Holladay, President of the Society.
Paying for War and Building States
Authors: Saylor Ryan , Wheeler Nicholas C.
Published: March 2017

Many scholars believe that intense warfare propelled state formation in early modern Europe because rulers built tax institutions to pay for wars. Scholars likewise cite milder geopolitical pressures to explain the lackluster state building in the developing world. The authors analyze episodes of ferocious warfare in and beyond Europe and find that despite similar fiscal strains, not all governments built strong tax institutions to service wartime debt. When net creditors in a country's credit market were part of the ruling political coalition, they pressed governments to diversify taxes and strengthen fiscal institutions to ensure debt service. But when net debtors held political sway, governments were indifferent to debt servicing and fiscal invigoration. Coalitional politics can help to explain why mounting debt-service obligations led to fiscal institution building in some cases, but not others. The analysis highlights how the private economic interests of ruling coalition members can affect state building.
Derventio, Delgovicia and Praetorio: Some Roman-Period Place-Names of Eastern Yorkshire Revisited
Authors: Wilson Pete
Published: March 2017

A recently proposed alternative name for Roman-period Malton/Norton is challenged and a location for the previously unidentified site of Praetorio is offered.
A New Relief-Patterned Flue-Tile Design from Roman Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)
Authors: Wilson Sara L.
Published: March 2017

A relief-patterned flue-tile recovered during the excavations of the forum-basilica at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester) features a previously unpublished roller-stamped design. The tile is described in terms of its fabric and design and compared to the other roller-stamped examples from Silchester.
Marriage Law and the Reformation
Authors: Lettmaier Saskia
Published: March 2017

If a German couple wanted to get married today, they would have to consult the German Civil Code, theBürgerliches Gesetzbuchor BGB, for information on how to do so. From the BGB, they would learn that—provided that they are competent, more than 18 years of age, not related in a direct line or (half-) siblings, and not currently married—they can get married before theStandesbeamteror civil registrar. They would also learn that should they want a divorce in the future, any proceedings would have to be brought in the family court, which is a special division within the German civil courts of first instance, and that the judge hearing their case would be required to consider whether their marriage has “failed”: a state of affairs that that judge would be legally compelled to presume if one or both of them wanted the divorce (and they had lived apart for a prescribed number of years).
Survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks
Authors: GROOM CHRISTINE J. , WARREN KRISTIN , MAWSON PETER R.
Published: March 2017

Release into the wild is the preferred outcome for rehabilitated animals, but often little is known about what happens to individuals following their release. Increased knowledge of post-release survival and reintegration into the wild could improve release and rehabilitation strategies. To assess the survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks we studied the movements and behaviour of 23 birds fitted with satellite tracking devices. We assessed longer term survival by collating records of leg-banded birds over eight years. Rehabilitated birds had an estimated annual survival rate of 0.73. The band recovery rate for all rehabilitated Carnaby’s Cockatoos banded between 2005 and 2013 was not significantly different to those fitted with tracking devices (10.3% versus 13.0% respectively, P = 1). Physical, social and behavioural indicators of fitness were used to assess the success of the reintegration of rehabilitated birds. Released birds flew, roosted and foraged with wild birds. Whilst pair bond formation and breeding of study birds could not be confirmed during this study, behaviours associated with pair bonding were observed, including allo-preening and male courtship displays. The rehabilitation process and pre-release procedure for identifying individuals ready for release was effective at selecting suitable release candidates.
Rosellinia – a World Monograph . L. E. Petrini. Bibliotheca Mycologica , vol. 205.
Authors: Læssøe Thomas
Published: March 2017

..
Cor triatriatum sinister with an intact interatrial septum and a decompressing vein in a toddler
Authors: Binsalamah Ziyad M. , De León Luis E. , Heinle Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2017

Cor triatriatum sinister is a very rare cardiac anomaly that may lead to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilation, and eventually right heart failure. We report a case of a toddler who presented with respiratory distress and cardiomegaly and was found to have cor triatriatum sinister with a restrictive communication, decompressing vertical vein, pulmonary hypertension, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and severe right ventricular dysfunction. She underwent a successful surgical repair, with normalisation of right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure.
Quality of life of Malaysian children with CHD
Authors: Ong Lai C. , Teh Ching S. , Darshinee Joyce , Omar Asma , Ang Hak L.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to compare the quality-of-life scores of Malaysian children with CHD and their healthy siblings, to determine the level of agreement between proxy-reports and child self-reports, and to examine variables that have an impact on quality of life in those with CHD.

Methods

Parental-proxy scores of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 core scales were obtained for 179 children with CHD and 172 siblings. Intra-class coefficients were derived to determine the levels of proxy–child agreement in 66 children aged 8–18 years. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors that impacted Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores.

Results

Proxy scores were lower in children with CHD than siblings for all scales except physical health. Maximum differences were noted in children aged 5–7 years, whereas there were no significant differences in the 2–4 and 13–18 years age groups. Good levels of proxy–child agreement were found in children aged 8–12 years for total, psychosocial health, social, and school functioning scales (correlation coefficients 0.7–0.8). In children aged 13–18 years, the level of agreement was poor to fair for emotional and social functioning. The need for future surgery and severity of symptoms were associated with lower scores.

Conclusion

Differences in proxy perception of quality of life appear to be age related. The level of proxy–child agreement was higher compared with other reported studies, with lower levels of agreement in teenagers. Facilitating access to surgery and optimising control of symptoms may improve quality of life in this group of children.
Social Anxiety and Fear of Causing Discomfort to Others: Diagnostic Specificity, Symptom Correlates and CBT Treatment Outcome
Authors: Nishikawa Yasunori , Laposa Judith M. , Regev Rotem , Rector Neil A.
Published: March 2017

Background: Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) report fear content relating to the perceived aversive consequences of their anxiety for others in their social environment. However, no studies to date have examined the diagnostic specificity of these fears to SAD as well as predictors to treatment response of these fears. Aims: To examine relative specificity of fears related to causing discomfort to others, as measured by Social Anxiety–Fear of Causing Discomfort to Others (SA-DOS), among patients with anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), in addition to relation between dysfunctional attitudes and treatment response among patients with SAD. Method: In study 1, a large (n=745) sample of DSM diagnosed OCD, MDD and anxiety disorder participants completed the SA-DOS. In study 2, patient participants with SAD (n=186) participated in cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) and completed measures of social anxiety symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes. Results: In study 1, the SAD group demonstrated significantly elevated SA-DOS scores compared with participants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), OCD and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A), but not the MDD group. In study 2, CBGT treatment was found to lead to significant reductions in SA-DOS scores. Need for approval (NFA) but not perfectionism, predicted treatment response to fears related to causing discomfort to others, with greater change in NFA relating to greater change in SA-DOS scores. Conclusions: These findings extend previous research linking allocentric fears to the phenomenology and treatment of SAD.
THE INVARIANT REGION FOR THE EQUATIONS OF NONISENTROPIC GAS DYNAMICS
Authors: JIANG WEI-FENG , WANG ZHEN
Published: March 2017

We study the existence of the invariant region for the equations of nonisentropic gas dynamics. We obtain the mean-integral of the conserved quantity after making an intensive study of the Riemann problem. Using the extremum principle and the Lagrangian multiplier method, we prove that the one-dimensional equations of nonisentropic gas dynamics for an ideal gas possess a unique invariant region. However, the invariant region is not bounded.
Disability and Vulnerability: Challenging the Capacity/Incapacity Binary
Authors: Clough Beverley
Published: March 2017

This article engages with emerging debates in law and feminist philosophy around the concept of vulnerability. Central to this is the call to re-imagine and re-frame vulnerability as universal – as something which is experienced by all individuals, by virtue of their humanity and context as social beings. The implications of this for laws and policies predicated on groups or categories as ‘being vulnerable’ will be explored in this article, using the concept of mental capacity as an example of how the boundary between capacity and incapacity can be contested through this lens. The article will critically consider the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and associated literature, such as Court of Protection cases, the House of Lords Select Committee's post-legislative scrutiny and Serious Case Reviews, which demonstrate the growing concern about the inadequacy of the binary between capacity and incapacity. This in turn provokes a challenge to accepted wisdom in the context of disability more broadly, inviting us to think in particular about the responses to perceived vulnerability that are currently deemed appropriate. Insights from the legal literature invite further exchanges with social policy theorists as to the concept of vulnerability and its challenges and implications for law and policy.
Feasibility of collecting tumor samples of breast cancer patients diagnosed up to 50 years ago in the Child Health and Development Studies
Authors: Krigbaum N. Y. , Rubin R. A. , Cirillo P. M. , Terry M. B. , Habel L. A. , Morris C. , Cohn B. A.
Published: March 2017

Environmental exposures during pregnancy may increase breast cancer risk for mothers and female offspring. Tumor tissue assays may provide insight regarding the mechanisms. This study assessed the feasibility of obtaining tumor samples and pathology reports from mothers (F0) who were enrolled in the Child Health and Development Studies during pregnancy from 1959 to 1967 and their daughters (F1) who developed breast cancer over more than 50 years of follow-up. Breast cancer cases were identified through linkage to the California Cancer Registry and self-report. Written consent was obtained from 116 F0 and 95 F1 breast cancer survivors to access their pathology reports and tumor blocks. Of those contacted, 62% consented, 13% refused and 24% did not respond. We obtained tissue samples for 57% and pathology reports for 75%, and if diagnosis was made ⩽10 years we obtained tissue samples and pathology reports for 91% and 79%, respectively. Obtaining pathology reports and tumor tissues of two generations is feasible and will support investigation of the relationship between early-life exposures and molecular tumor markers. However, we found that more recent diagnosis increased the accessibility of tumor tissue. We recommend that cohorts request consent for obtaining future tumor tissues at study enrollment and implement real-time tissue collection to enhance success of collecting tumor samples and data.
Umbilical artery histomorphometry: a link between the intrauterine environment and kidney development
Authors: DeFreitas M. J. , Mathur D. , Seeherunvong W. , Cano T. , Katsoufis C. P. , Duara S. , Yasin S. , Zilleruelo G. , Rodriguez M. M. , Abitbol C. L.
Published: March 2017

Prematurity is a risk factor for hypertension, vascular stiffness, nephron deficit and adult onset cardiorenal disease. The vascular tree and kidneys share morphogenic drivers that promote maturation in utero before 36 weeks of gestation. Vascular elastin accrual terminates after birth leaving collagen to promote vascular stiffness. Our objective was to determine if the histomorphometry of the umbilical artery, an extension of the aorta, parallels nephron mass across gestational age groups. From a cohort of 54 newborns, 32 umbilical cord specimens were adequate for evaluation. The umbilical cord was sectioned, stained with trichrome, and digitalized. Muscular and collagenous areas of the umbilical artery were measured in pixels using the Image J 1.48q software. Total kidney volume was measured by ultrasound and factored by body surface area (TKV/BSA). The umbilical artery total area was significantly greater in term v. preterm infants (9.3±1.3 v. 7.0±2.0 mm2; P<0.05) and increased with gestational age; while the percent muscular and collagen areas were independent of gestational age (R2=0.04; P=ns). Percent muscular area correlated positively with TKV/BSA (r=0.53; P=0.002); while an increase in collagen correlated inversely with kidney mass (r=−0.53; P=0.002). In conclusion, an enhanced % muscular area and presumed vascular elasticity was associated with increased renal mass in all infants. Umbilical artery histomorphometry provides a link between the intrauterine environment, vascular and kidney development.
Identification and Biological Characteristics of Ryegrass (Loliumspp.) Accessions in Arkansas
Authors: Bararpour Mohammad T. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Burgos Nilda R. , Korres Nicholas E. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: March 2017

Italian ryegrass is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. Field studies were conducted at Fayetteville, AR, to assess morphological characteristics of ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and differences among otherLoliumspp.: Italian, rigid, poison, and perennial ryegrass. Plant height, plant growth habit, plant stem color, and node color were recorded every 2 wk until maturity. The number of tillers per plant, spikes per plant, and seeds per plant were recorded at maturity. All ryegrass accessions from Arkansas were identified as Italian ryegrass, which had erect to prostrate growth habit, green to red stem color, green to red nodes, glume (10 mm) shorter than spikelet (19 mm), and medium seed size (5 to 7 mm) with 1 to 3 mm awns. However, significant variability in morphological characteristics was found among Arkansas ryegrass accessions. WhenLoliumspecies at the seedling stage (1- to 2-wk-old plants) were compared, poison ryegrass was characterized as having a large main-stem diameter and wide droopy leaves, whereas perennial ryegrass exhibited a short and a very narrow leaf blade. These two can be distinguished from Italian and rigid ryegrass, which have leaf blades wider than perennial ryegrass but narrower than poison ryegrass. Italian and rigid ryegrass are difficult to distinguish at the seedling stage but are distinct at the reproductive stage. At maturity, Italian ryegrass and poison ryegrass seeds are awned, but perennial and rigid ryegrass seeds are awnless. Poison ryegrass awns were at least 4-fold longer than Italian ryegrass awns. Perennial ryegrass flowered 3 wk later than the other species. Poison ryegrass glumes were longer than the spikelets, whereas Italian ryegrass glumes were shorter than the spikelets. Morphological traits indicate that some Italian ryegrass populations are potentially more competitive and more fecund than others.