bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Aerosol Size and Microphysical Properties from Multi-Wavelength Raman Lidar Measurements: Inter-Comparison with in Situ Sensors Onboard the ATR 42 in the Framework of HyMEX-SOP1
Authors: De Rosa Benedetto , Di Girolamo Paolo , Summa Donato , Stellitano Dario
Published: July 2020

This extended abstract reports measurements that were carried out by the Raman lidar system BASIL in the frame of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment – Special Observation Period 1 (HyMeX-SOP1). A specific case study was selected revealing the presence of variable aerosol properties at different altitudes. Specifically, Raman lidar measurements on 02 October 2012 reveal the presence of two distinct aerosol layers, a lower one extending up to ~3 km and an upper one extending from 3.5 km to 4.7 km. Aerosol and size microphysical properties are determined from multi-wavelength measurements of particle backscattering and extinction profiles based on the application of a retrieval scheme which employs Tikhonov’s inversion with regularization. Inversion results suggest a size distribution with the presence, in both the lower and upper aerosol layer, of two particle modes (a fine mode, with a radius of ~0.2 μm, and a coarse mode, with radii in the range 2-4 μm), volume concentration values of 2-4 mm3cm-3 and effective radii in the range 0.2-0.6 μm.

This effort benefited from the dedicated flights of the French research aircraft ATR42, equipped with a variety of in situ sensors for measuring aerosol/cloud size and microphysical properties. Aerosol size and microphysical properties retrieved from multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements were compared with simultaneous and co-located in-situ measurements.
Diurnal Behavior of Aerosol Optical Properties Studied with Lidar and Ground-Based Instruments
Authors: Ong Prane Mariel , Lagrosas Nofel , Shiina Tatsuo , Kuze Hiroaki
Published: July 2020

The combined use of remote sensing and in-situ monitoring instruments could help improve the assessment of near-surface aerosol properties. In this paper, we analyze the diurnal behavior of aerosol extinction coefficients, αExt(λ), at λ=349 and 550 nm using a lidar and a present weather detector, respectively. We utilize the aerosol optical thickness (AOT), single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström exponent (AE) from SKYNET sky radiometer, and AE from aethalometer, and the number distribution from optical particle counter to evaluate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on aerosol extinction coefficients. It is found that although αExt(λ) often exhibits a positive correlation with the ambient RH, this relation is obscured when both the number distribution and particle size change simultaneously. Moreover, αExt at 349 nm is more sensitive to this change than at 550 nm.
Feasibility Studies of the Three-Wavelength Mie-Scattering Polarization Scheimpflug Lidar Technique
Authors: Kong Zheng , Ma Teng , Gong Zhenfeng , Liu Kun , Mei Liang
Published: July 2020

A three-wavelength Mie-scattering polarization Scheimpflug lidar system, utilizing 808-nm, 520-nm and 405-nm multimode laser diodes as light sources and two CMOS sensors as detectors, is developed for the studies of the aerosol extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and the Ångström exponent. Atmospheric monitoring has been carried out on a near horizontal path from 23:00 January 14th to 06:00 January 15th, 2019 at Dalian, which is a coast city in Northern China. By studying the depolarization, aerosol extinction coefficient and Ångström exponent, it has been found out that a strong north wind blew away local spherical haze particles and brought external non-spherical large-size particles. The measurement results indicated a promising future of employing the present three-wavelength polarization Scheimpflug lidar system in the applications of atmospheric remote sensing.
Lidar Based Separation of Polluted Dust Observed Over Warsaw (Case Study on 09 August 2013)
Authors: Szczepanik Dominika , Tetoni Eleni , Wang Dongxiang , Stachlewska Iwona S.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents preliminary results of using an extended POLIPHON method for separation of dust and non-dust aerosol backscatter coefficient, applied on a case study of 9th August 2013. That day, long-range transport of mineral dust over EARLINET-ACTRIS lidar site in Warsaw was observed with the 8-channel PollyXT-UW lidar. The dust particles were also observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite. The backward trajectories calculated using the HYSPLIT model confirmed the air-mass transport from Northern Africa. Results yield possible dust separation for the mixture of dust with other aerosol types, such as pollution, marine type, etc.
Lidar Measuremnt on Dust Transport from the Saharan Desert to the Iran Plateau
Authors: Panahifar Hossein , Moradhaseli Ruhollah , Bourzoie Hadi , Gholami Mahdi , Khalesifard Hamid Reza
Published: July 2020

Optical properties of long-range Saharan dust particles transported to the Iran Plateau have been investigated. The results were derived from the measurements of a dual-wavelength Depolarized backscatter/Raman lidar and a Cimel CE318-2 sunphotometer. Observations were performed in Zanjan, Northwest Iran. The backward trajectory analysis show that the lofted dust plumes come from the Saharan desert and travel along Mediterranean Sea and Turkey toward Iran. The lidar ratio within the lofted dust layer has been found with mean values of 50 sr at 532 nm. For the depolarization ratio, mean values of 25% have been found.
Mobile Observations by Lidar, Sun Photometer and in Situ in North China Plain
Authors: Popovici Ioana Elisabeta , Goloub Philippe , Blarel Luc , Xia Xiangao , Deng Zhaoze , Chen Hongbin , Chen Hongyan , Hao Yitian , Yin Nan , Fu Disong , Deroo Christine , Mortier Augustin , Ducos Fabrice , Torres Benjamin , Dubovik Oleg , Victori Stéphane
Published: July 2020

A mobile laboratory integrating lidar, sun photometer and in situ instruments has been deployed to observe the aerosol spatial variability in North China Plain in May 2017. Results from the campaign are presented.
Polarization Lidar for Detecting Dust Orientation
Authors: Tsekeri Alexandra , Freudenthaler Volker , Doxastakis George , Gasteiger Josef , Louridas Alexandros , Georgoussis George , Binietoglou Ioannis , Georgiou Thanasis , Ulanowski Zbigniew , Amiridis Vassilis
Published: July 2020

We present the preliminary design of a polarization lidar system for detecting oriented dust particles. The system emits linearly- and circularly-polarized light from two lasers and detects the backscattered light, using two telescopes. The emitted light by each laser is detected from both telescopes alternatively, providing in this way two times the signals recorded by a conventional system. The system has also the capability of performing measurements at different zenith angles. Its detection strategy is based on scattering calculations for mixtures of oriented and randomly-oriented dust particles in different atmospheric scenarios.
Studies on Aerosol Optical Properties at High Altitude Station in Western Himalayas Using Raman Lidar
Authors: Singh Shishir Kumar , Jaswant  , Radhakrishnan S.R. , Sethi Davender , Sharma Chhemendra
Published: July 2020

The aerosol optical properties have been investigated using the Raman lidar system for the month of November 2018 at the western Himalayan station of Palampur. Before deriving the optical properties, the lidar data has been applied with initial pre-processing such as Dead time correction, atmospheric noise correction, temporal and spatial averaging, range correction, gluing etc. The optical properties such as backscatter coefficient, extinction coefficient and linear depolarization ratio have been derived by using the inversion algorithm proposed by Fernald. The results show that the backscatter coefficient was found in the range from 9.00E-9 m−1sr−1 to 4.97E-6 m−1sr−1 and the extinction coefficient was found in the range from 3.16E-7m-1 to 1.74E-4m-1. The Linear depolarization ratio was in the range from 0.0179 to 0.621 with lower values at near heights suggesting the dominance of spherical particles at the lower heights. We have also observed a cloud layer at a height of 9.5 km to 12.1 km with high depolarization ratio during the observation period on 22/11/2018.
A Raman Lidar with a Deep Ultraviolet Laser for Continuous Water Vapor Profiling in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Yabuki Masanori , Kawano Yuya , Tottori Yusaku , Tsukamoto Makoto , Takeuchi Eiji , Tsuda Toshitaka
Published: July 2020

A Raman lidar with a deep ultraviolet laser was constructed to continuously monitor water vapor distributions in the atmospheric boundary layer for twenty-four hours. We employ a laser at a wavelength of 266 nm and detects the light separated into an elastic backscatter signal and vibrational Raman signals of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor. The lidar was encased in a temperature-controlled and vibration-isolated compact container, resistant to a variety of environmental conditions. Water vapor profile observations were made for twelve months from November 24, 2017, to November 29, 2018. These observations were compared with collocated radiosonde measurements for daytime and nighttime conditions.
Characterisation of Biomass Burning Aerosols in the Southern Hemispheric Midlatitudes by Multiwavelength Raman Lidar
Authors: Floutsi Athina Avgousta , Baars Holger , Seifert Patric , Radenz Martin , Zhenping Yin , Wandinger Ulla , Barja Boris , Zamorano Felix , Ansmann Albert
Published: July 2020

Vertically resolved multiwavelength aerosol Raman lidar observations were conducted in the pristine environment of the Southern-hemisphere midlatitudes at Punta Arenas, Chile (53.1346°S, 70.8834°W). In contrast to the usually prevailing clean and pristine conditions at this site, two pronounced lofted aerosol layers were observed up to 4.2 and 4.4 km height on 4 and 5 February 2019, respectively. The layers mainly consisted of biomass burning aerosols originating from the region of Central Chile, where wildfires were also observed. Based on spectrally resolved backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratios and depolarization ratio a detailed characterization of the aerosol optical properties is presented.
Characterization of Complex Water Vapour Field Structures and their Genesis Based on the Combined use of Raman Lidar Measurements and MESO-NH Model Simulations
Authors: Di Girolamo Paolo , Bouin Marie-Noelle
Published: July 2020

As part of the Cevennes-Vivarais site, the University of Basilicata Raman lidar system (BASIL) was deployed in Candillargues throughout the duration of HyMeX-SOP 1 (September-November 2012), providing high-resolution and accurate measurements, both in daytime and night-time, of atmospheric temperature, water vapour mixing ratio and particle backscattering and extinction coefficient at three wavelengths. Measurements carried out by BASIL on 28 September 2012 reveal a quite complex vertical structure of the water vapor field. Reported Raman lidar measurements were run in the time interval between two consecutive heavy precipitation events, from 15:30 UTC on 28 September to 03:30 UTC on 29 September 2012. Throughout most of this observation period, lidar measurements reveal the presence of four distinct humidity layers.

The present research effort aims at assessing the origin of the different humidity filaments observed by BASIL on this day. The analysis relies on the comparisons between Raman lidar MESO-NH model simulations. Back-trajectory analyses from the model reveal that air masses ending in Candillargues at different altitudes levels are coming from different geographical regions. Specifically, the analysis reveals that air masses within the surface humidity layer were originated over the Atlantic Ocean, while air masses within the elevated filamentary humidity layer, also coming from the Atlantic Ocean, overpassed the sea stretch North of Spain and Southern France at an altitude of ~1 km. In addition, air masses within the lower of the two upper layers are found to overpass Southern Spain and Marocco, descending from an elevation of 2-3.5 km, while air masses within the uppermost layer are found to overpass Algeria, descending from an elevation of 3.5-5 km.
Investigate Wildfire Impacts on Ozone Production by Vertical Observations and Photochemical Modeling
Authors: Wang Bo , Newchurch Michael , Kuang Shi , Biazar Arastoo
Published: July 2020

In troposphere, ozone is a toxic secondary pollutant produced when its precursors react in sunlight. An important source of ozone precursors is biomass burning. Here we investigate the impacts of 2016 Southeast U.S. Wildfires on ozone production by integrating vertical resolved ozone profiles and photochemical modeling. The results show that wildfires contributed to ozone lamina at the top of boundary layer and enhanced surface ozone up to about 10ppbv in Southeast U.S.. Ozone lidar observed a lower ozone change with respect to a fast growth of aerosol plume, of which the reason is also investigated. Current results indicate an effective integration of vertical observations and modeling for us to understand the ozone production from fires in troposphere.
Observation of Fast Tropospheric Dynamics and Impacts on Humidity and Air Pollution During a Heatwave Event in New York City, as Observed by Lidars, Other Profilers and Surface Measurements
Authors: Moshary Fred , Fortich Adrian Diaz , Wu Yonghua , Arend Mark , Ramamurhty Prathap , Gross Barry
Published: July 2020

Exposure to heatwaves in densely populated urban areas are of major health concern. Interaction of heatwaves with urban areas are complex; not only driven by mesoscale meteorology, but also by the topology and thermal properties of urban surfaces, as well as anthropogenic thermal and pollution loadings. The impact of heatwaves on population in coastal urban areas such as New York City depend on interplay of these factors as well as the effects of sea/land breeze. These mechanisms can lead to rapid changes in pollution levels and heat index during the day. High time resolution synergistic observations with surface and profiling measurements are needed to capture and understand these dynamics. We report on fast tropospheric dynamics during a heatwave in New York City in summer 2018, resulting in a transient event during which dramatic reduction of pollutants and humidity in the tropospheric column is observed by lidars and other synergistic measurements.
Ozone Lidar Observations in the City of Paris: Seasonal Variability and Role of The Nocturnal Low Level Jet
Authors: Ancellet Gérard , Ravetta François , Pelon Jacques , Pazmino Andrea , Klein Amélie , Dieudonné Elsa , Augustin Patrick , Delbarre Hervé
Published: July 2020

Ozone lidar measurements have been carried out in Paris during 4 years to characterize the seasonal variability of the vertical gradient within the urban planetary boundary layer (PBL). The interaction between NOx emission and thermal stability of the PBL is the main driver of the winter strong positive O3 gradient, while summer neutral gradient is related to weaker thermal stability and photochemical ozone production at the regional scale. Simultaneous lidar measurements of ozone and wind vertical profiles during 36 hours in September 2014 also show that the nocturnal low level jet (NLLJ) plays a significant role in the early morning ozone increase.
Potential of Raman Lidar for Profiling of Methane Mixing Ratio in the Lower Troposphere
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Hu Qiaoyun , Podvin Thierry , Korenskiy Mikhail
Published: July 2020

The results of methane profiling in the lower troposphere by Raman lidar from Lille University observatory platform (France), are presented. The use of powerful DPSS tripled Nd:YAG laser allowed profiling of methane background mixing ratio of 2 ppm in the night time up to 4000 m with 100 m height and 1 hour temporal resolution. Enhancement of CH4 mixing ratio inside the boundary layer comparing to the free troposphere values was observed.
Special Structures of Sodium Layer Observed in the Daytime Over Beijing, China
Authors: Xia Yuan , Yang Guotao , Wang Jihong , Cheng Xuewu , Li Faquan
Published: July 2020

In this paper the observation of sodium (Na) layer in mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over complete diurnal cycles based on broadband Na lidar at Yanqing Station, Beijing, China (40.5°N,116°E ) was reported. Faraday filters with dual-channel design were used in the lidar receiving unit to suppress the strong background light in the daytime, which allow observation of Na layer with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under sunlit condition. Several special structures of Na layer observed in the daytime was discussed. The simultaneous continuous observation of zonal wind by meteor radar was presented for comparison. These observation results can provide direct and reliable supports for the study of mesopause dynamics and solar effect on Na layer.
Studying the Variations in Aerosol Loading and Thermal Regime of the Stratosphere Over Tomsk on the Basis of Lidar Monitoring
Authors: Matvienko G.G. , Marichev V.N. , Bochkovsky D.A.
Published: July 2020

One of the important applications of lidar techniques is the study of aerosol content and thermal regime of the stratosphere. Such investigations in monitoring mode were initiated at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics since 1986 (for aerosol) and 1994 (for temperature), and are continued to the present. The main attention is paid to studying the annual variations in aerosol content in the stratosphere and sudden disturbances caused by winter stratospheric warming. In this paper we present the results of studying the aerosol content and its vertical stratification and vertical distribution of temperature in the stratosphere over Tomsk for the last three years.
The Relevance of Hanle Effect on Na and Fe Lidars
Authors: She Chiao-Yao (Joe)
Published: July 2020

A laser resonant scattering process involves two steps, excitation and emission. That emission occurs spontaneously is well accepted. That the atoms involved in the emission are excited coherently by a laser beam leading to a non-isotropic angular distribution of emission (an antenna pattern) is not well known. The difference between coherent and incoherent excitation leads to the Hanle effect. In this paper, I discuss the physics of Hanle effect, and its influences on the backward scattering intensity of Na, K, and Fe atomic transitions and the associated Na and Fe resonant fluorescence lidar systems.
A Micro-Pulse Differential Absorption Lidar Test Network
Authors: Spuler Scott , Bernatsky Todd , Bunn Catharine , Carnes Joshua , Hayman Matthew , Repasky Kevin , Stillwell Robert , Weckwerth Tammy
Published: July 2020

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University (MSU) have developed a test network of five micro-pulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instruments to continuously measure high-vertical-resolution water vapor in the lower atmosphere. The instruments are accurate, low-cost, operate unattended, and eye-safe – all key features to enable larger ‘national-scale’ networks needed to characterize atmo-spheric moisture variability which influences important processes related to weather and climate.
Advances in Lidar Observations for Airborne Hazards for Aviation in the Framework of the EUNADICS-AV Project
Authors: Apituley Arnoud , Mona Lucia , Papagiannopoulos Nikolas , Rufenacht Rolf , Wagenaar Saskia , Stammes Piet , de Laat Jos , de Cerff Wim Som , de Haij Marijn , Marchese Francesco , Falconieri Alfredo , Haefele Alexander , Hervo Maxime
Published: July 2020

The vulnerability of the (European) aviation system to the airborne hazards was evident during the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010. For support of Air Traffic Control (ATC) many observations of the event were available from satellites, ground based instruments and airborne platforms, at pan-European scale. However, efficient use of the data for ATC proved difficult mainly due to sub-optimal aggregation and integrated assessment of the available information in near-real-time.

The project EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Disaster Coordination and Information System for Aviation) aims to close this gap. The observational component of the project will make existing data products for airborne hazards more accessible, visible and used, and to foster tailored product development. Once assimilated into models and integrated in the EUNADICS-AV Data Portal these data can be the base to efficiently improve European airspace resilience to airborne hazards.

Since 2010 new data products have become available specifically for for airborne hazard alerting and monitoring together with specific tailored products designed for replying to user needs and recommendations.

This paper describes the EUNADICS-AV approach and will focus on the role of operational and research grade ground based lidars.
Long-Range-Transported Mineral Dust From Africa and Middle East to East Asia Observed with the Asian Dust and Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (AD-Net)
Authors: Sugimoto Nobuo , Shimizu Atsushi , Nishizawa Tomoaki , Jin Yoshitaka , Yumimoto Keiya
Published: July 2020

Mineral dust generated in Africa and Middle East is sometimes transported to East Asia. Some cases were observed with the Asian Dust and aerosol lidar observation Network (AD-Net). In the large Sahara dust event in March 2018, which was reported by mass media as that snow in Sochi, Russia was stained into orange, the dust was transported to Sapporo, Japan in 4 days from Sochi and observed with the AD-Net lidar. Sahara dust events were also observed in April 2017 and April 2018 with AD-Net. The source areas and transport paths were studied with chemical transport models and trajectory analysis and also confirmed with CALIPSO data. This study showed that long-range transport from Africa and Middle East to East Asia is not rare in springtime.
A New Airborne Doppler Lidar for Boundary Layer Research & LES-Based Simulation
Authors: Gasch P. , Wieser A. , Kalthoff N. , Corsmeier U. , Feuerle T. , Kottmeier C.
Published: July 2020

Airborne Doppler lidar measurements are a valuable tool in meteorological research. A new airborne Doppler lidar system has been developed jointly by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Technical University of Brunswick. The system is designed for use aboard a medium-range turboprop aircraft, thereby targeting meso-scale flow phenomena. In order to optimize system setup and retrieval strategy, as well as evaluate measurement quality under turbulent conditions, a first LES-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator has been developed. The results provide detailed insight into airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling characteristics.
Detection of Complex Terrain-Induced Wind Shear by Doppler Lidar at Beijing Capital International Airport
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Wu Songhua , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Jianjun , He Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2020

In November 2018, the lidar-based wind shear synchronous experiment was performed at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA). In this experiment, aiming at the measurement of the terrain-induced wind shear and the wind field around the runway, the glide path scanning mode, and the RHI strategy were conducted alternately. Radial velocity retrieved from the glide path scanning can obviously present the wakes caused by complex terrain (e.g., hills, tall trees, residential and terminal buildings). The Pulse Coherent Doppler Lidar (PCDL) warned the terrain-induced wind shear, which was verified by the pilot report. The wind field structure around the runway under the wake effect and the building shielding effect is also analyzed.
Development of an All-Fiber Coherent Doppler Lidar in the IAO SB RAS
Authors: Sherstobitov Artem , Banakh Viktor , Nadeev Alexander , Razenkov Igor , Smalikho Igor , Falits Andrey
Published: July 2020

Paper presents a model of the all-fiber pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (IAO-lidar) build in the IAO SB RAS. Here is described lidar design, the algorithm for processing of lidar signals and the software-hardware system that implements signal processing in real time, created with the use of open source software. The results of joint measurements of the radial velocity by the IAO-lidar and the HALO Photonics (Stream Line) lidar are given.
Lidar Observations of Mountain Waves During Bora Episodes
Authors: Wang Longlong , Bervida Marija , Stanič Samo , Bergant Klemen , Eichinger William , Strajnar Benedikt
Published: July 2020

Airflows over mountain barriers in the Alpine region may give rise to strong, gusty downslope winds, called Bora. Oscillations, caused by the flow over an orographic barrier, lead to formation of mountain waves. These waves can only rarely be observed visually and can, in general, not be reliably reproduced by numerical models. Using aerosols as tracers for airmass motion, mountain waves were experimentally observed during Bora outbreak in the Vipava valley, Slovenia, on 24-25 January 2019 by two lidar systems: a vertical scanning lidar positioned just below the peak of the lee side of the mountain range and a fixed direction lidar at valley floor, which were set up to retrieve two-dimensional structure of the airflow over the orographic barrier into the valley. Based on the lidar data, we determined the thickness of airmass layer exhibiting downslope motion, observed hydraulic jump phenomena that gave rise to mountain waves and characterized their properties.
Turbulent UV-Lidar and Field Experiment in Airport
Authors: Razenkov Igor A. , Banakh Victor A.
Published: July 2020

Built the special UV (355 nm) eye safe lidar for remote detection of the atmospheric turbulence. Lidar works on the backscatter enhancement effect. Testing of lidar was carried out on the airfield at the airport Tolmachevo (Novosibirsk) in July, 2018. Sounding path was crossing the place of take-off and landing. Lidar surely fixed the position, size and intensity of turbulent zones.
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Distribution Inversion by Raman Lidar in Beijing
Authors: Yu SiQi , Liu Dong , Xu JiWei , Wang ZhenZhu , Wu DeCheng , Wang Yingjian
Published: July 2020

Water Aerosol Raman Lidar-II is an active detection instrument with high temporal and spatial resolution at Nanjiao observation station, and that could continuous water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) measurements. WVMR profiles inversion from lidar data and water ratio retrieved from radiosonde data are in good agreement. The statistical results of the vertical distribution of WVMR indicate that WVMR seasonal mean distribution is consistent with precipitation. In addition, WVMR in Nanjiao station is related to total cloud cover.
Development of Multifunction Micro-Pulse Lidar at 1.5 Micrometer
Authors: Shangguan Mingjia , Xia Haiyun , Dou Xiankang , Qiu Jiawei , Yu Chao
Published: July 2020

Taking advantage of the 1.5 μm lidar, a series of 1.5 μm micro-pulse lidars have been developed at the University of Science and Technology of China, in Hefei, China. According to the different characteristics of three kinds of single-photon detectors at 1.5 μm, namely superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, up-conversion SPDs and InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes, different kinds of lidar systems have been constructed to realize the detection of atmospheric visibility, cloud, depolarization, wind field at the atmospheric boundary layer.
Distribution Map of Plant Fluorescence Spectrum in Three-Dimensions Created by a Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectrum (LIFS) Lidar Observations
Authors: Utsunomiya S. , Saito Y , Kumagai Y. , Tomida T.
Published: July 2020

We have developed a vegetation monitoring lidar called a laser-induced fluorescence spectrum (LIFS) lidar which is able to get the living status of plants by observing their fluorescence remotely. The features of its operation are; daytime observations possible even outdoors, mobility and self-sufficiency, capability of mapping plant living information, and a user-friendly operation by unifying the controls of different equipment of the lidar using software. These features make observations by our LIFS lidar possible at any time and any place. In forest observations, we could depict three-dimensional structures of fluorescence spectrums. We also discuss in this work the possibility of monitoring other plant physiological information such as the concentration of chlorophyll and photosynthesis secondary metabolites in this work.
Fluorescence Database of Aerosol-Candidate-Substances for Fluorescence Lidar Application
Authors: Saito Y. , Shiraishi K. , Nishimura A. , Kirinaka T. , Sakurai Y. , Tomida T.
Published: July 2020

A database containing spectrum and cross-section of the fluorescence of substances has been made. In test of forest environment monitoring by our Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectrum (LIFS) lidar, the database showed that the origin substance of the aerosol observed by the lidar was cedar pollen, and the concentration was calculated using the cross-section. In the urban atmosphere monitoring, three substances stored in the database were proposed to be the origins of the aerosol. Based on these experiments, we discuss the usefulness of the fluorescence database in lidar observations.
Algorithm for Solving the Light Scattering Problem for Arbitrary Shaped Ice Particles with Absorption
Authors: D.N. Timofeev , A.V. Konoshonkin , N.V. Kustova , A.G. Borovoi
Published: July 2020

The work presents the estimation of the absorption influence effect on the light scattering problem for atmospheric ice particles. The calculation of light scattering matrices was performed for two types of particles: the solid hexagonal columns and the arbitrary shaped particles. The range of the size for both types of particles varies from 10 μm to 1000 μm. The results of the research show an insignificant decrease of the value of the M11 element of the light scattering matrix for small-sized particles for all chosen wavelengths (0.355 μm, 0.532 μm, 1.064 μm и 1.6 μm), and a significant decrease for big-sized particles for a 1.6 μm wavelength.
Analyzing the Impact of Different Filtering Methods on Satellite Altimetry Full Waveform Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Xie Huan , Tong Xiaohua , Li Binbin , Li Yunwen , Zhang Hanwei
Published: July 2020

Filtering is an essential step in the denoising of satellite altimetry full waveform data, since any deformation and distortion in the shape of the waveform can cause errors in range estimation and further waveform decomposition will also be adversely affected. This paper evaluated comprehensive performance of the popular filtering approaches like Gaussian filter, Taubin filter, Wavelet filter, and EMD based filter by simulated waveform data and ICESat/GLAS waveform. Firstly, according to the principle of each filter, the optimal parameters of filtering algorithm by ergodic tests were selected, then the Gaussian function using Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to fit full waveform to exact waveform parameters (i.e. peak amplitude, position, and half-width). Thirdly, through comparing SNR, RMSE of the pre and post filtering simulation waveform, and the consistency ratio, the average error of peak amplitude, position, and half-width in each Gaussian components of the fitted simulation waveform, verified the effectiveness of these filters and analyzed their influence on decomposition accuracy. Both the simulation experiments and ICESat/GLAS experimental results suggested that the Taubin filter had superior performance with the lowest peak position error, which turns out it has advantage in full waveform denoising and contributes to better full waveform decomposition. However, it introduces more parameters needed to be selected. The self-adaptive EMD based approach has the highest consistency, which shows EMD-based method is more suitable for the denoising of satellite altimetry full waveform decomposition.
Automatic Lidar Calibration and Processing Program for Multiwavelength Raman Polarization Lidar
Authors: Yin Zhenping , Baars Holger , Seifert Patric , Engelmann Ronny
Published: July 2020

A new version of automatic lidar calibration and processing program was developed to process the data from multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar. The absolute lidar calibration and water vapor calibration algorithms were applied. The program can provide plentiful products, like aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratio, Ångström exponent, volume and particle depolarization ratios, water vapor mixing ratio and aerosol target classification. Good agreement was found in the comparison with manual quality-assured profiles or radiosonde measurement. Lidar calibration based on the aerosol optical properties retrieved with Raman method, Klett method and AOD-Constrained method were implemented. Good consistency was found.
Retrieval of Dust Microphysical Properties
Authors: Christine Böckmann , Stefanos Samaras , Moritz Haarig
Published: July 2020

An intense mineral dust event from the Saharan desert was observed over the Island of Barbados after a long-range transport over the Atlantic Ocean during SALTRACE Campaign in June 2014. We analyze data from a multi-wavelength Raman-lidar system of Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) called BERTHA (Back- scatter Extinction lidar Ratio Temperature Humidity profiling Apparatus) to derive the aerosol microphysical properties of the inspected layer via regularization using the software SphInX (Spheroidal Inversion eXperiments). These parameters were found to be within credible ranges.
Towards an Algorithm for Near Real Time Profiling of Aerosol Species, Trace Gases, and Clouds Based on the Synergy of Remote Sensing Instruments
Authors: Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitrios , Bais Alkiviadis , Koukouli Mariliza , Garane Katerina , Voudouri Kalliopi A. , Gkertsi Fani , Natsis Athanasios , Karagkiozidis Dimitrios , Fountoulakis Ilias
Published: July 2020

In this manuscript we present the concept of a novel algorithmic chain that aims to a dataset of unprecedented detail in the vertical distribution of multiple atmospheric components in near real time conditions. The analysis will be based on the following remote sensing instruments: a depolarization Raman lidar, a visible and a thermal all-sky camera, a Brewer spectrophotometer, and up to three mini DOAS/MAX-DOAS systems. Based on both individual and synergistic processing of the data collected, novel products will be made available in near real time conditions to the end users. Columnar aerosol information from the spectrophotometers will be combined with lidar data to retrieve vertical profiles of individual aerosol species. Cloud layers will be detected and classified based mainly on the synergy of the lidar and the sky cameras and a realistic 3D representation of cloud conditions around the measurement site will be produced. Lidar profiles will be implemented as a priori information for radiative transfer purposes, that are necessary in order to obtain high quality trace gases profiles from the DOAS/MAX-DOAS spectrophotometer. Fast synergistic data processing will ensure that the algorithm can be applied for near real time public data dissemination in the future.
Validation of the GOME-2 Absorbing Aerosol Height Product Using Elevated Layer Top Height Obtained from Thessaloniki EARLINET Station
Authors: Michailidis Konstantinos , Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitris S. , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Voudouri Kalliopi-Artemis , Olaf Tuinder , Tilstra Gijsbert , Ping Wang
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigate the ability of GOME-2 instrument on board on the MetOpA and MetOpB platforms, to deliver accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers over the area of Thessaloniki. For this purpose, we use ground-based lidar data from the Thessaloniki lidar station that belongs to EARLINET network. Results of the validation between absorbing aerosol height (ΑΑΗ) fromΑΑΗ) from) from GOME-2 sensor and THELISYS lidar dataset products will be presented.
Variation of Ozone and PBL from the Lidar Observations and WRF-Chem Model in NYC Area During the 2018 Summer LISTOS Campaign
Authors: Zhao Kaihui , Wu Yonghua , Huang Jianping , Jiang Rongsheng , Gronoff Guillaume , Berkoff Timothy A. , Moshary Fred
Published: July 2020

High ozone (O3) episodes frequently occur in New York metropolitan and the downwind coastal area in summer. In this study, lidar/ceilometer are combined with WRF/Chem model to investigate an O3 event on Aug. 27~30 2018. We examine the spatial-temporal variabilities of O3 and planetary-boundary-layer height (PBLH) and assess the model performance on simulating surface O3 during this episode. By comparing with the lidar observations, the WRF/Chem is able to capture high O3 distribution in the PBL at noon and indicates consistent diurnal evolution for the ground O3. Nevertheless, in the early morning and night, the model overestimates the ground O3 and underestimates the PBLH.
Die Bedeutung medizinpsychologischer/soziologischer Themen
für ÄrztInnen und Medizinstudierende: Gemeinsamkeiten und
Unterschiede
Authors: Mahal Julia , Amann Jeanette Sophie , Wischmann Tewes , Ditzen Beate
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Das Fach „Medizinische
Psychologie/Soziologie“ steht durch die aktuell anstehenden
Studienreformen im Rahmen des „Masterplans Medizinstudium
2020“ verschiedenen inhaltlichen Änderungen
gegenüber. Diese beinhalten u. a. eine Weiterentwicklung des
Gegenstandskatalogs (GK) und des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten
Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) sowie der Ärztlichen
Approbationsordnung (ÄAppro). Hier stellt sich die Frage, welche
Ausbildungsinhalte der „Medizinische
Psychologie/Soziologie“, mit denen Medizinstudierende
konfrontiert sind, von besonderer Bedeutung für die spätere
ärztliche Tätigkeit sind.

Methodik 332 ÄrztInnen und 265 Studierende bewerteten im
Rahmen der Studie Lehrinhalte des Gegenstandskatalogs der Medizinischen
Psychologie/ Soziologie (GK-MPS) nach ihrer Bedeutung für
ihr Studium bzw. ihr Berufsleben. Die ÄrztInnen gaben zudem in
Freitextangaben an, auf welche Situationen im Berufsalltag sie durch das
Studium gerne besser vorbereitet worden wären. In einem kombiniert
quantitativ-qualitativen Analyseansatz wurden Unterschiede zwischen beiden
Gruppen durch t-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben bei
ungleichen Varianzen (Welch-Test) identifiziert sowie Freitextangaben durch
3 Rater im Rahmen einer qualitativ orientierten kategoriengeleiteten
Textanalyse den verschiedenen Themen des GK-MPS zugeordnet und inhaltlich
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Sowohl ÄrztInnen als auch Studierende
schätzten jene Themenbereiche des GK-MPS als am wichtigsten ein, die
die unmittelbare Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation beschreiben. Die
ÄrztInnen maßen den Themenbereichen der
Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation, Statistik sowie Prävention eine
höhere Wichtigkeit bei als die Studierenden. Die ÄrztInnen
beschrieben im Freitext, dass sie durch das Studium gerne besser auf
besondere und herausfordernde medizinische Situationen in der
Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion vorbereitet worden wären.

Diskussion Nach wie vor werden den Themen der
Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation bei ÄrztInnen als auch Studierenden
eine besondere Bedeutung für die medizinische Ausbildung
beigemessen, jedoch schätzen ÄrztInnen diese Wichtigkeit
noch einmal als höher ein als Studierende.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse unterstützen die
aktuellen Studienreformen hin zu einer stärkeren Gewichtung der
Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation und Vermittlung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen
sowie die Verknüpfung vorklinischer und klinischer
Studieninhalte.
Darf ich Klienten Medikamente reichen? – Ethisches Dilemma
Authors: Matuschek Kathrin
Published: July 2020

Im ergotherapeutischen Alltag treten immer wieder ethische Fragen auf: Was zum Beispiel tun, wenn Klienten nach Medikamenten verlangen und wichtige Infos fehlen? Aus solchen Dilemmata können die sieben Schritte ethischer Entscheidungsfindung führen.
Verbindung aufbauen – Videotherapie
Authors: Matthes Sandra , Möller-Käppler Nadine
Published: July 2020

Während des Corona-Ausnahmezustands nutzten viele Therapeuten die Möglichkeit der Videotherapie. Sandra Matthes und Nadine Möller-Käppler vergleichen verschiedene Plattformen, die dafür eingesetzt wurden. Außerdem stellen sie eine Checkliste zur Verfügung, damit bei der nächsten Intervention per Video nichts mehr schieflaufen kann.
Fall für Vier – Voll motiviert
Authors: Recke Elena , Ganahl Patricia , Schlick Simon , Lamprecht Ann-Kathrin , Falkenberg Sven , Lamprecht Sabine
Published: July 2020

Nach einer intrazerebralen Blutung im Oktober 2018 hat die 27-jährige Emma Schneider eine Hemiparese und eine Aphasie. Eine Ergotherapeutin, zwei Physiotherapeuten, eine Logopädin und ein Orthopädietechniker behandeln die Klientin seit fast einem Jahr weiter.
Den Schmerz von Menschen mit Demenz erfassen – Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition Scale (PAIC 15)
Authors: Laekeman Marjan
Published: July 2020

Schmerzerkennung bei Menschen mit Demenz, die nicht mehr zur Selbstauskunft in der Lage sind, ist für Therapeuten eine Herausforderung. Mit der PAIC-15-Skala steht ein adäquates Beobachtungsinstrument zur Verfügung, um bei dieser Patientengruppe Schmerzen rechtzeitig zu erfassen. In mehreren internationalen Studien zeigt sich, dass die 15 Items der Skala sehr gute Indikatoren dafür sind, ob ein Mensch unter Schmerzen leidet.
Dual Inhibitors Targeting DNA and Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Xinying , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao
Published: July 2020

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the acetylation status of histones and structural status of chromatin. The chromatin structure becomes relaxed after inhibition of HDAC, leading to DNA exposed to DNA disrupting agents, and eventually causing DNA dysfunction. Recently, more and more dual inhibitors targeting DNA and HDACs have been reported to be applied to cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the current status of dual inhibitors targeting DNA and HDACs, summarize their pharmacological characters, and predict their further trend in the field.
Gender Gaps in Market Participation Among Individual and Joint Decision-Making Farm Households: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Girma Gezimu , Isoda Hiroshi , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Amekawa Yuichiro , Nomura Hisako
Published: July 2020

This paper analyzes market participation gaps among male, female, and joint decision-making households, and the factors influencing that gap, using data collected from 560 maize farm households in the Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia. The results from the ordered probit analysis reveal that female and joint decision-making households were negatively associated with the probability of being a net seller, while being positively associated with being autarchic and net buyers. The decomposition results indicate clear market participation gaps in the net seller and net buyer positions between male and female decision-makers. The mean quantity gaps between males and females are more apparent in the net seller and net buyer positions. Between male and joint decision-makers, the mean quantity gaps are significant in the net seller and autarchic positions, while between female and joint decision-makers, it is significant in the net seller positions. In each market position, the quantity of gaps is unevenly distributed across the quantities of distribution, but the values increase as we approach higher levels of distribution. The gaps in the net seller and autarchic positions indicate that males are better positioned than females and that females are better positioned than joint decision-makers. Both endowment and return effects account for the quantity gaps. Thus, there is a need for policies to secure more equal access to productive resources for female and joint decision-making households and build their capacity to increase their resource returns.
Aspects of entropy generation for the non-similar three-dimensional bioconvection flow of nanofluids
Authors: Farooq Umer , Munir Shahzad , Malik Fatima , Ahmad Babar , Lu Dianchen
Published: July 2020

This research work presents the entropy analysis of the three-dimensional bioconvection flow of nanofluid over a linearly moving plate in the presence of magnetic effects. Nanoparticles and microorganisms have been considered in the fluid, with the magnetic field acting in the transverse direction to the plate. The viscous dissipation term is also considered in the energy equation. The partial differential equations (PDEs) of the boundary layer region of this problem are transformed with suitable non-similarity transformations into a system of nonlinear PDEs. Afterward, the local non-similarity method via the BVP4c MATLAB algorithm with a second level of truncation delivers a solution of the problem. The effect of important parameters such as magnetic field, Eckert number, thermophoresis, Prandtl number, Peclet number, Brownian motion, Schmidt number, Brinkman number, Lewis number, slip factor on temperature distribution, concentration of nanofluid, density of motile microorganisms, and entropy generation are shown in the graphical profiles.
Seismic metamaterial protects buildings from earthquake damage
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: July 2020

By dampening inbound seismic waves, the material can isolate buildings from earthquakes and reduce the number of casualties.
Accumulated densities of sedimenting particles in turbulent flows
Authors: Sozza Alessandro , Drótos Gábor , Hernández-García Emilio , López Cristóbal
Published: July 2020

We study the effect of turbulence on a sedimenting layer of particles by means of direct numerical simulations. A Lagrangian model in which particles are considered as tracers with an additional downward settling velocity is integrated together with an isotropic homogeneous turbulent flow. We study the spatial distribution of particles when they are collected on a plane at non-asymptotic times. We relate the resulting coarse-grained particle density to the history of the stretching rate along the particle trajectory and the projection of the density onto the accumulation plane and analyze the deviation from homogeneity in terms of the Reynolds number and the settling velocity. We identify two regimes that arise during the early and well-mixed stages of advection. In the former regime, more inhomogeneity in the particle distribution is introduced for decreasing settling velocity or increasing Reynolds number, while the tendencies are opposite in the latter regime. A resonant-like crossover is found between these two regimes where inhomogeneity is maximal.
Structural and photoelectrochemical properties in the thin film system Cu–Fe–V–O and its ternary subsystems Fe–V–O and Cu–V–O
Authors: Kumari Swati , Junqueira João R. C. , Sarker Suchismita , Mehta Apurva , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ludwig Alfred
Published: July 2020

Thin-film material libraries in the ternary and quaternary metal oxide systems Fe–V–O, Cu–V–O, and Cu–Fe–V–O were synthesized using combinatorial reactive co-sputtering with subsequent annealing in air. Their compositional, structural, and functional properties were assessed using high-throughput characterization methods. Prior to the investigation of the quaternary system Cu–Fe–V–O, the compositions (Fe61V39)Ox and (Cu52V48)Ox with promising photoactivity were identified from their ternary subsystems Fe–V–O and Cu–V–O, respectively. Two Cu–Fe–V–O material libraries with (Cu29-72Fe4-27V22-57)Ox and (Cu11-55Fe27-73V12-34)Ox composition spread were investigated. Seven mixed ternary and quaternary phase regions were identified: I (α-Cu3FeV6O26/FeVO4), II (Cu5V2O10/FeVO4/α-Cu3Fe4V6O26), III (Cu5V2O10), IV (Cu5V2O10/FeVO4, V (FeVO4/γ-Cu2V2O7/α-Cu3Fe4V6O26), VI (β-Cu2V2O7/α-Cu3Fe4V6O26/FeVO4), and VII (β-Cu3Fe4V6O26/FeVO4). In the investigated composition range, two photoactive regions, (Cu53Fe7V40)Ox and (Cu45Fe21V34)Ox, were identified, exhibiting 103 μA/cm2 and 108 μA/cm2 photocurrent density for the oxygen evolution reaction at 1.63 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively. The highest photoactive region (Cu45Fe21V34)Ox comprises the dominant α-Cu3Fe4V6O24 phase and minor FeVO4 phase. This photoactive region corresponds to having an indirect bandgap of 1.87 eV and a direct bandgap of 2.58 eV with an incident photon-to-current efficiency of 30% at a wavelength of 310 nm.