bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth patterns of patients with Noonan syndrome: correlation with age and genotype
Authors: Cessans Catie , Ehlinger Virginie , Arnaud Catherine , Yart Armelle , Capri Yline , Barat Pascal , Cammas Benoit , Lacombe Didier , Coutant Régis , David Albert , Baron Sabine , Weill Jacques , Leheup Bruno , Nicolino Marc , Salles Jean-Pierre , Verloes Alain , Tauber Maithé , Cavé Hélène , Edouard Thomas
Published: February 2016

Background

Growth patterns of patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) were established before the involved genes were identified.

Objective

The goal of this study was to compare growth parameters according to genotype in patients with NS.

Subjects and methods

The study population included 420 patients (176 females and 244 males) harboring mutations in thePTPN11,SOS1,RAF1, orKRASgenes. NS-associatedPTPN11mutations (NS-PTPN11) and NS with multiple lentigines-associatedPTPN11mutations (NSML-PTPN11) were distinguished. Birth measures and height and body mass index (BMI) measures at 2, 5, 10 years, and adulthood were compared with the general population and between genotypes.

Results

Patients with NS were shorter at birth (mean birth length standard deviation score (SDS): –1.0 ± 1.4;P< 0.001) and throughout childhood than the healthy population, with height SDS being –2.1 ± 1.3 at 2 years, and –2.1 ± 1.2 at 5 and 10 years and adulthood (P< 0.001). At birth, patients withNS-PTPN11were significantly shorter and thinner than patients withNSML-PTPN11,SOS1, orKRAS. Growth retardation was significantly less severe and less frequent at 2 years in patients withNSML-PTPN11andSOS1than in patients withNS-PTPN11(P< 0.001 andP= 0.002 respectively). Patients with NS had lower BMI at 10 years (P< 0.001). No difference between genotypes was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Determining the growth patterns of patients with NS according to genotype should better inform clinicians about the natural course of growth in NS so that they can optimize the follow-up and management of these patients.
60 YEARS OF POMC: Lipotropin and beta-endorphin: a perspective
Authors: Smyth D G
Published: February 2016

Many important fields of research had a humble origin. In the distant past, A J P Martin’s discovery that amino acids could be separated by paper chromatography and Moore and Stein’s use of columns for quantitative amino acid analysis provided the first steps towards the determination of structure in complex biologically active molecules. They opened the door to reveal the essential relationship that exists between structure and function. In molecular endocrinology, for example, striking advances have been made by chemists with their expertise in the identification of structure working with biologists who contributed valuable knowledge and experience. Advantage was gained from the convergence of different background, and it is notable that the whole is greater than the sum. In the determination of structure, it may be recalled that four of the world’s great pioneers (Archibald Martin, Rodney Porter, Fred Sanger and Vincent du Vigneaud) were acknowledged for their fundamental contributions when individually they were awarded the Nobel Prize. They foresaw that the identification of structure would prove of outstanding importance in the future. Indeed, study of the structures of β-endorphin and enkephalin and the different forms of opiate activity they engender has led to a transformation in our understanding of chemical transmission in the brain.
Front Matter
Authors: Al-Iqtishad_2015 Jurnal
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i1.2619
First records of Rhamdella longiuscula from Argentina and new localities for Rhamdella cainguae (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)
Authors: Benitez Mauricio F. , Almirón Adriana E. , Casciotta Jorge R. , Azpelicueta Maria de las Mercedes
Published: February 2016

The genus Rhamdella is considered to be composed of six species but only R. aymarae and R. cainguae have been recorded from Argentina. Information on the distributions of these species is scarce and R. cainguae is only known from its type locality. This note documents a wider distribution range of R. cainguae and reports R. longiuscula in Argentina for the first time.
Political influence on sportsmen’s training system in olympic sports
Authors: Yessentayev T.K.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: to determine the place of Olympic sports in modern world; to analyze dynamic of its political, economic and social significance progress. Material: publications on the topic of this article were used as sources of information. Results: we characterized influence of Olympic sports on transformation of views and practical functioning in sphere of elite sportsmen’s training. Main stages of modern Olympic sports’ formation have been regarded. Strategy of elite sports’ development in historical aspect has been presented. Changes in attitude of political leaders, state figures and general population to Olympic Games have been shown. Directions of development and perfection of elite sportsmen’s training national systems have been outlined. Conclusions: recent years, potential of Olympic sports have being reflected in foreign and home policy of many countries. It resulted in drastic changes in spheres of organization, management, financing, material technical and personnel provisioning of sportsmen’s training.
Effectiveness of yoga-aerobic means’ application in physical education of primary school pupils
Authors: Mykhno L.S. , Loza T.O.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: to determine influence of health related technology on physical condition level of primary school pupils. Material: in the research two groups of first form pupils participated: control group (n=28) and experimental group (n=26). Level of children’s physical fitness was determined with the help of isolated motor tests. At home pupils fulfilled independently and with parents the learned at classes exercises for prophylaxis of posture disorders and for stretching. During fulfillment home tasks or other work in sitting position children were involved by parents in practicing of the worked out by us physical exercises’ breaks. Results: we observed rising of pupils’ physical fitness level: flexibility, ability to keep static balance, power endurance of back and abdomen muscles. To the highest extent yoga aerobic means influenced on flexibility and static balance indicators. Conclusions: when choosing physical exercises for short break in work we considered content of pupils’ learning functioning at definite lesson. All complexes of exercises are to be fulfilled reading texts of the worked out by us verses. It facilitates pupils to better memorize sequence of exercises’ fulfillment and gives emotional coloring to physical exercises.
2 x 2 achievement goals profilEs in chilean CompetiTIve and recreational athletes: a first look
Authors: Lochbaum Marc R. , Jean-Noel Javan , Çetinkalp Zişan Kazak , Vallejo-Reyes Felipe Andrés , Mena-Campbell Jose
Published: February 2016

Purpose: was to examine the 2 x 2 achievement goal profiles of Chilean young adults regularly participating in competitive and recreational sport. Materials: participants were 108 female and 132 males who were recruited from the Valparaiso and Viña del Mar areas of Chile. Participants completed a valid and reliable measure of the 2 x 2 achievement goals referenced to sport participation. Results: indicated that the entire sample significantly ( p - .05) and very meaningfully (Hedges’ g range 1.13 - 2.91) endorsed the mastery-approach goal more so than the other three achievement goals. Male participants significantly ( p - .05) endorsed both approach goals and the mastery goal contrast more so than the female participants. These differences approached medium in meaningfulness (Hedges’ g range .40 - .46). Significant differences did not exist between competitive and recreational athletes on any of the achievement goals or goal contrasts. Confirming the lack of significant differences were the computed small to negligible in magnitude effect sizes. Conclusions: the present data were a first look into profiling sport participants on the 2 x 2 achievement goals in Chile. Given this sample of Chilean participants endorsed the performance goals far less than found in the sport psychology 2 x 2 achievement goal literature, more research is needed before these results are generalized to Chilean sport participants. Future research must also examine the relationships of antecedents and consequences to the 2 x 2 achievement goals to advance sport psychology in Chile.
PRIMARY TEACHERS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PSYCHOMOTOR DISTURBANCES OCCURING IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nowak Agata , Romanowska-Tolloczko Anna , Knysak Monika
Published: February 2016

Objective: An attempt to determine the level of knowledge of teachers in the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of psychomotor disorders of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: 174 teachers of physical education and integrated education in primary schools were tested. The study used questionnaire technique. Results: As the most common disorders in the population of school-age children surveyed teachers list ADHD (30%) and dyslexia (30%). Only 34% of respondents correctly determined epidemiology of psychomotor disorders and listed their symptoms. Over 80% of respondents claimed that they had never worked with children exhibiting psychomotor disorders. The majority of respondents (98%) did not participate in training on working with children with developmental disabilities. Results: The state of knowledge of psychomotor disorders of the surveyed teachers is low. Teachers have difficulty not only in defining the epidemiology of various disorders but also in correct definition of symptoms full spectrum.
Influence of Anthropogenic Pressures on the Bioactivity Potential of Sponges and Soft Corals in the Coral Reef Environment
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra , Chasanah Ekowati , M. Tapiolas Dianne , A. Motti Cherie , H. Liptrot Catherine , D. Wright Anthony
Published: February 2016

The wealth of marine sponges and soft corals in Indonesian waters represents a rich source of natural products. However, anthropogenic pressures potentially decrease diversity in coral reefs. Presented here are trends for tropical sponge and soft coral biodiversity and their bioactivity potential under the influence of increasing anthropogenic pressures. Samples were collected along transects (near, mid, and far) at Karimunjawa and Seribu Islands Marine National Parks and environmental parameters (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia), sponge and soft coral biodiversity, and the bioactivity potential of those organisms (50% Growth Inhibition (GI50) of cancer cell lines H460-Lung, MCF7-Breast, and SF268-CNS) are compared. The environmental conditions and biodiversity were found to be significantly different between groups of sampling sites (P<0.05). Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) revealed DO was the discriminant factor driving the separation between groups (90.1%). Diversity tended to be higher in the Far group with strong and significant relation to DO (R= 0.611, P<0.05) and ammonia (R = -0.812, P<0.05). The CDA also showed that an increase in bioactivity (low % GI50) of sponge and soft coral extracts was related to a canonical function (57.21%) consisting of high DO, high pH, and low nutrients. These findings indicate the production of bioactive compounds is related to diversity and complexity of coral reef systems. Therefore, strategies for marine protection by mitigating the impacts of anthropogenic pressures needs to be optimized in order to conserve the overall environment and sustain its natural bioactivity potential indefinitely.
Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren der felinen Hyperthyreose in einer Klinik population in Süddeutschland
Authors: Köhler Ines , Ballhausen Bianca Desiree , Stockhaus Christian , Hartmann Katrin , Wehner Astrid
Published: February 2016

Ziel: Die feline Hyperthyreose ist eine häufige Endokrinopathie bei älte ren Katzen. In früheren Studien wurden unausgewogene Ernährung, Schilddrüsen-Disruptoren, hohes Alter sowie fehlende Reinrassigkeit als Risikofaktoren diskutiert, ein endgültiger Auslöser bleibt jedoch unbekannt. Die Ziele dieser prospektiven Studie waren a) die Berech nung der Klinikprävalenz in einer Katzenpopulation in Süddeutschland, b) die Feststellung, wie häufig die Diagnose nach dem klini schem Verdacht bestätigt wurde und c) die Auswertung mutmaßlicher in- und extrinsischer Risikofaktoren anhand des Signalements der Katzen und eines Fragebogens. Methoden: Gesamt-Thyroxin (T4) wurde im Serum von 495 Katzen ≥ 8 Jahre gemessen und die Prävalenz mit einem 95%-Konfidenzintervall (95%-KI) berechnet. Abhängigkeiten zwischen Signalement und Hyperthyreose wurden durch den Student-T-Test, Chi-Square-Test und den Mann-Whitney U-Test analysiert. Das Signifikanzniveau lag bei 0,05. Zur Ermittlung extrinsischer Risikofaktoren diente ein logistisches Regressionsmodell. Ergebnisse: Bei 61 Katzen wurde eine Hyperthyreose diagnostiziert, was eine Prävalenz von 12,3% ergibt (95%-KI: 9,7–15,5). Ältere (p < 0,001) weibliche Katzen (p = 0,019; Odds Ratio 1,9) waren signifikant häufiger betroffen. Hauskatzen (Europäisch Kurz- und Langhaarkatzen) erkrankten häufiger als Rassekatzen (p = 0,016). Bei 164 Katzen wurde die Verdachtsdiagnose Hyperthyreose gestellt und in 20,1% (33/164) der Fälle verifiziert. In 2,4% (12/495) der Fälle war die erhöhte T4-Konzentration ein Zufallsbefund. Hyperthyreote Katzen wurden häufiger mit Nassfutter aus Aluminiumschalen (p < 0,013) gefüttert als nichthyperthyreote Katzen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Re levanz: Ältere, weibliche Hauskatzen sind prädisponiert, an einer Schilddrüsenüberfunktion zu erkranken. Die Diagnose lässt sich häufig nach initialem klinischem Verdacht stellen, woraus in der Studienpopulation eine Prävalenz von 12,3% resultierte. Rückstände aus Aluminiumschalen oder das Nassfutter selbst scheinen eine Rolle in der Ätiopathogenese zu spielen.
Effect of Means of Problem-Oriented Physical Rehabilitation on Pain and Tactile Sensitivity and Pain Syndrome Intensity in Women with Post-Mastectomy Syndrome
Authors: Одинець Т. Є. , Бріскін Ю. А.
Published: February 2016

The objective of the paper is to determine the effectiveness of problem-oriented physical rehabilitation of women with post-mastectomy syndrome in terms of normalization of their sensitivity and lessening of the pain syndrome.Materials and methods. The paper provides a review of the related literary sources and empirical data analyzed and summarized, offers definitions of pain by the Visual Analogue Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Verbal Rating Scale, evaluates tactile and pain sensitivity, and uses the methods of mathematical statistics. The participants in the study were 50 women with diagnosed with the post-mastectomy syndrome and at the stage of residential treatment.Results: The developed problem-oriented physical rehabilitation experimentally proved effective by showing improvements in tactile and pain sensitivity, and pain lessening by the sensory, affective and rating scales in women with post-mastectomy syndrome at the stage of residential treatment.
Comprehensive Assessment of Step Aerobics Exercises Effect on Women’s Physical Performance and Physical Health
Authors: Масляк І. П.
Published: February 2016

Objective: To identify the dynamics of physical performance and physical health indicators in young and middle-aged women under the effect of step aerobics exercises.Material and methods. The grounds for the study were Kharkiv fitness club “Zorianyi”. The participants were 28 women aged 20-35. The study used the following methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of determining physical performance (Harvard step test) and physical health (anthropometry, pulsometry, tonometry, spirometry, dynamometry).Results: The study assessed the level of physical performance and physical health; analyzed age-related performance differences; determined the level of the effect of step aerobics on women’s physical performance and physical health.Conclusions: Step-aerobics exercises proved to have a positive effect on the level of physical performance and physical health of the young and middle-aged women.
A Technology of Ball Dribbling Teaching in Basketball
Authors: Лаврін Г. З.
Published: February 2016

The paper outlines a technology developed for teaching ball dribbling in basketball illustrated in a flow chart. It defines the main prerequisites for acquisition of the game technique, establishes the system of specific tasks and selects the means to solve them, determines the typical mistakes and ways to prevent and eliminate them, offers some means of control and self-control.
Technological Approaches to Evaluating Training Effects of Power Load in Primary Schoolers
Authors: Худолій О. М. , Іващенко О. В. , Бекетов В. І.
Published: February 2016

Research objective. To experimentally ground the technological approaches to evaluating training effects of primary schoolers’ power loads.Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives outlined, the research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, modeling, pedagogical observation and experiment, methods of mathematical experiment planning (complete factorial experiment, 2k type), discriminant analysis. The participants in the study were 32 second grade boys.Research results. The training pattern affects the dynamics in the test results for the second grade boys. The test results can improve provided that the power load brings about significant changes after the training at each spot, after the training (immediate training effect), and twenty four hours after the power load (delayed training effect). The higher the dynamics is for the immediate and delayed training effects, the more significant are the improved power tests results observed after as few as three lessons.Conclusions. The discriminant function can be used to classify the training effects of the second grade boys’ power loads. The first canonical function explains the results variation by 85.0%, the second one — by 14.0%. This suggests that they are highly informative. The centroid coordinates for five groups allow to interpret the canonical functions according to the role differentiating the grades by the training effects of the primary schoolers’ power loads. The positive pole of the first function has the condition centroids at the beginning of the power loads, after three, six, nine and twelve lessons; the negative pole has the centroids of the training effects after the power loads, after the lesson, after 24 hours.Thus, the reaction to the power load has immediate, delayed and cumulative training effects.
Modeling Professionally Applied Physical Training of Female Students at the School of Pre-School Education through Rhythmic Gymnastics
Authors: Кравчук Т. М. , Санжарова Н. М. , Голенкова Ю. В.
Published: February 2016

The paper offers a model of professionally applied physical training of female students of the School of Pre-School Education through rhythmic gymnastics. The study proves that rhythmic gymnastics exercises have health-improving, developmental, educational and aesthetic potential, which makes them an effective means of professionally applied physical training of future teachers at pre-school institutions. The offers a set of rhythmic gymnastics exercises selected specifically for professionally applied physical training of female students at the School of Pre-School Education, and a model designed to implement such training during the period of studies at the higher educational institution.
Un viatge pel cinema de ciència ficció
Authors: Salvat Agustí
Published: February 2016

Encara que la majoria d’activitats acadèmiques universitàries al voltant de la ciència ficció tingueren, en un primer moment, un caire que es podria anomenar de lletres o marcadament literari, actualment moltes universitats han incorporat la ciència ficció als seus currículums de ciències ja que l’ús adequat de films i llibres de ciència ficció com a material didàctic pot ser de gran ajut en l’aprenentatge de la ciència.
L'ensenyament de les matemàtiques des de l'aprenentatge dialògic
Authors: Díez-Palomar Xavier , Giménez Joaquim , García Paloma
Published: February 2016

Si estem envoltats de matemàtica, com és que sovint la gent afirma no saber-ne? I quines dificultats presenta aquesta realitat per als professionals de l’ensenyament que tractem de transmetre i fer descobrir els conceptes matemàtics? En aquest article presentem una proposta innovadora i arrelada en els canvis de la societat actual, per tal de contribuir a oferir alternatives als mestres i professors/es de matemàtiques, que han d’enfrontar-se cada dia a realitats com aquesta a les seves aules.
Natives, Subjects, Consumers: Notes on Continuities and Transformations in Indian Masculine Cultures
Authors: Srivastava Sanjay
Published: February 2016

This article explores recent histories of masculine cultures in India. The discussion proceeds through outlining the most significant sites of the making of masculinity discourses during the colonial, the immediate post-colonial as well as the contemporary period. The immediate present is explored through an investigation of the the media persona of India's current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. Through constructing a narrative of Indian modernity that draws upon diverse contexts -- such as colonial discourses about natives, anti-colonial nationalism, and post-colonial discourses of economic planning, 'liberalization' and consumerism -- the article illustrates the multiple locations of masculinity politics. Further, the exploration of relationships between economic, political and social contexts also seeks to blur the boundaries between them, thereby initiating a methodological dialogue regarding the study of masculinities. The article also seeks to point out that while there are continuities between the (colonial) past and the (post-colonial) present, the manner in which the past is utilised for the purposes of the present relates to performances and contexts in the present. Finally, the article suggests there is no linear history of masculinity, rather that the uses of the past in the present allow us to understand the prolix and circular ways in which the present is constituted.
Wholistic and Ethical: Social Inclusion with Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Absolon Kathleen E.
Published: February 2016

This paper begins with a poem and is inclusive of my voice as Anishinaabekwe (Ojibway woman) and is authored from my spirit, heart, mind and body. The idea of social inclusion and Indigenous peoples leave more to the imagination and vision than what is the reality and actuality in Canada. This article begins with my location followed with skepticism and hope. Skepticism deals with the exclusion of Indigenous peoples since colonial contact and the subsequent challenges and impacts. Hope begins to affirm the possibilities, strengths and Indigenous knowledge that guides wholistic cultural frameworks and ethics of social inclusion. A wholistic cultural framework is presented; guided by seven sacred teachings and from each element thoughts for consideration are guided by Indigenous values and principles. From each element this paper presents a wholistic and ethical perspective in approaching social inclusion and Indigenous peoples.
Knowing How Good Our Searches Are: An Approach Derived from Search Filter Development Methodology
Authors: Hayman Sarah Lindsay
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective – Effective literature searching is of paramount importance in supporting evidence based practice, research, and policy. Missed references can have adverse effects on outcomes. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of an online learning resource, designed for librarians and other interested searchers, presenting an evidence based approach to enhancing and testing literature searches.

Methods – We developed and evaluated the set of free online learning modules for librarians called Smart Searching, suggesting the use of techniques derived from search filter development undertaken by the CareSearch Palliative Care Knowledge Network and its associated project Flinders Filters. The searching module content has been informed by the processes and principles used in search filter development. The self-paced modules are intended to help librarians and other interested searchers test the effectiveness of their literature searches, provide evidence of search performance that can be used to improve searches, as well as to evaluate and promote searching expertise. Each module covers one of four techniques, or core principles, employed in search filter development: (1) collaboration with subject experts; (2) use of a reference sample set; (3) term identification through frequency analysis; and (4) iterative testing. Evaluation of the resource comprised ongoing monitoring of web analytics to determine factors such as numbers of
users and geographic origin; a user survey conducted online elicited qualitative information about the usefulness of the resource.

Results – The resource was launched in May 2014. Web analytics show over 6,000 unique users from 101 countries (at 9 August 2015). Responses to the survey (n=50) indicated that 80% would recommend the resource to a colleague.

Conclusions – An evidence based approach to searching, derived from search filter development methodology, has been shown to have value as an online learning resource. More information is needed about the reasons why people are using the resource beyond what could be ascertained by the survey results.
DID FÁTIMA DE MADRID REALLY EXIST?
Authors: Núñez Juan
Published: February 2016

In this paper we firstly pose the question of whether Fátima de Madrid, a Spanish mathematician woman allegedly born in Madrid, X-XI centuries, really existed or, on the contrary, she is only a product of the imagination of several authors well-intentioned and secondly, under the premise that she really existed, we show her life and work according to the consulted sources and our own research.
Os mitos do Lago Formoso em Penalva, baixada maranhense: uma estratégia de conservação que desaparece
Authors: Arraes de Araujo Naíla , Trindade de Almeida Oriana , Bittencourt Pinheiro Claudio Urbano , Cividanes Hernández José Luis
Published: February 2016

Na região da Baixada Maranhense, na Amazônia Legal Brasileira, mais particularmente no município de Penalva, os Aterrados são parte importante da paisagem, constituindo ambientes peculiares desta região. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal levantar e analisar a cultura local relacionada às crenças em entidades encantadas que protegem os Aterrados, e as consequências da perda ou manutenção dessa cultura em relação à conservação desses ambientes. A conclusão é de que a conservação dos Aterrados é fundamental para o sustento continuado das populações locais que mantêm suas atividades produtivas e de subsistência com produtos extraídos desses ambientes. A integração das comunidades às dinâmicas econômicas atuais é um dos fatores que contribuem para a degradação do meio ambiente e perda cultural.
Argumentasi Seputar Ineffability (Kualitas Tak Tertuliskannya Pengalaman Mistis)
Authors: Fazeli Seyyed Ahmad
Published: February 2016

Penulis mencoba menganalisis beberapa argumentasi tentang tidak dapat diungkapkannya pengalaman mistis. Dari satu periode ke periode, abad dan tradisi yang berbeda, para mistikus  atau sui (arif) telah mengemukakan hal yang sama, yaitu kualitas tak terekspresikan atau tidak dapat diungkapkannya (ineffability)  pengalaman penyaksian atau visi mistis (syuhud). Teori ini pertama kali dikemukakan oleh William James. Kajian dan analisis atas argumentasi-argumentasi tersebut akan penulis mulai dengan terlebih dahulu membincangkan bagaimana James menganalisis gagasan tentang kualitas tidak terlukiskannya (ineffability) pengalaman mistis.
Pengalaman Rasional Eksistensi Tuhan : Pengantar Ontoteologi
Authors: Pari Fariz
Published: February 2016

Pengalaman agama, menurut William James, adalah pengalaman berketuhanan, yaitu pengalaman relasional dengan Tuhan, dan di antaranya adalah tentang pengalaman pencarian eksistensi Tuhan. Ide tulisan ini diawali dari konflik diri, ketika membaca buku yang menjelaskan argumen-argumen tentang bukti-bukti keberadaan Tuhan dan argumen bantahan tentang bukti ke-tidak ada-an Tuhan, di antaranya dikemukakan dalam ilmu filsafat, ilmu-ilmu  pengetahuan alam, seperti fisika dan biologi, ilmu pengetahuan  sosial, antropologi,dan psikologi. Argumentasi yang dikemukakan kedua belah pihak mempunyai kekuatan yang seimbang. Artinya, argumen  yang membuktikan keberadaan Tuhan tidak dapat meyakinkan atau merubah sikap bagi pihak lainnya, demikian juga sebaliknya, argumen yang membuktikan bahwa Tuhan tidak ada tidak dapat meyakinkan atau merubah sikap pihak yang mengakui keberadaan Tuhan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa keberadaan Tuhan tidak dapat dibuktikan, baik ada maupun tidak ada. Pembuktian ada atau tidak ada Tuhan merupakan pengalaman relasional antara manusia dan Tuhan.
The Revolution of The Transcendence
Authors: Hanafi Hassan
Published: February 2016

Contrary to the general and common idea that Islam etymologically means submission, surrendering, servitude or even slavery, this paper tries to prove just the opposite, that Islam is a protest, an opposition and a revolution. The term Aslama, in fact, is ambiguous. It means to surrender to God, not to yield to any other power. It implies a double act : ﬁrst, a rejection of  all non-Transcendental yokes; and second, an acceptance of  the Transcendental Power. Islam, by this function, is a double act of negation and afﬁrmation. This double act is expressed in the utterance “I witness that there is no god except the God.”
Citra Manusia dari Filsafat Psikologi ke Filsafat Antropologi (Refleksi tentang Manusia dalam Perspektif Mohammad Iqbal)
Authors: Ja’far Suhermanto
Published: February 2016

Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada citra Manusia menurut Eksistensialisme dan Iqbal Citra manusia (kepribadian atau Ego) yang sebenarnya adalah amal (tindakan yang bermakna) bukanlah benda. Tindakan (gerak) kreatif  itu mempunyai tujuan dan nilai spiritual yang diistilahkan dengan amal, di mana melalui amal manusia akan hidup mengalir dan abadi secara berkesinambungan. Meaningful Action (tindakan yang bermakna) merupakan sebuah dasar eksistensi manusia dalam mewujudkan dirinya. Iqbal merumuskan tindakan yang bermakna ini sebagai wujud dari cara berada manusia ketika berhadapan dengan realitas lainnya. Tindakan yang bermakna dalam konsep Iqbal diberi muatan ontologis-religius yang menekankan pada aspek moral spiritual Islam dengan istilah amal. Bahkan dengan tindakan yang bermakna (amal) inilah manusia sanggup mengatasi kemungkinan keabadian (immortality). Filsafat antropologi Iqbal berkaitan erat dengan konsep manusia dengan penekanan pada ego yang dikenal dengan istilah Khudi. Dalam menjelaskan makna khudi, Iqbal membaginya dalam dua pengertian, yaitu secara metaﬁsik dan etik. Iqbal dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang ﬁlosof  Eksistensialisme Islam, karena pemikirannya tentang Ego menitikberatkan pada keberadaan manusia dalam hubungannya dengan Tuhan Alam. Apabila kita mencoba memadukan antara konsep manusia menurut Kierkegaard dan Muhammad Iqbal tentunya terdapat adanya persamaan dalam mengungkapkan konsep manusia. Dalam hal ini Kierkegaard menekankan bahwa manusia tidak pernah sebagai sesuatu “aku umum” melainkan sebagai “aku individual” yang sama sekali unik dan tidak dapat diasalkan kepada sesuatu yang lain. Hal ini senada dengan Iqbal, yang mengatakan bahwa, kehidupan seluruhnya adalah individual. Maka dalam hal inilah Iqbal memberikan konsep manusia sebagai “khudi yang metaﬁsik” di mana keberadaan manusia sulit dideﬁnisikan, karena adanya perbedaan satu dengan yang lain. Oleh karenanya, sikap manusia di dalam dunia senantiasa diusahakan agar dapat ditentukan dari sudut hidup batinnya yang sesuai dengan norma-norma umum (etis: Kierkegaard) yang kedua-duanya itu (etis dan estetis) seiring dengan konsep Iqbal tentang khudi yang etis. Karena baik Iqbal maupun Kierkegaard mempunyai konsep bahwa manusia adalah tidak punya kekuatan sama sekali, ada eksistensi yang lebih tinggi, dia adalah Tuhan. Dialah (Tuhan) merupakan segala ikatan yang umum. Dari sini tentunya ada perbedaan antara Iqbal dengan Kierkegaard dalam hal obyek. Kalau Iqbal, Tuhan dalam hal ini adalah Allah sedangkan Kierkegaard adalah Kristus.
The Reasonable Explanation of Annihilation (fanā) in Mysticism
Authors: Kiashemshaki Abulfazel
Published: February 2016

Abstrak : Para mistikus melampaui tahap-tahap (derajat kesempurnaan mistik) dan maqam spiritual dalam perjalanan mereka menuju Allah yang sulit dimengerti oleh non-mistikus. Karena itu, sebagian besar kalangan reﬂektif berusaha mengandalkan prinsip-prinsip intelektual dan teoritis mereka untuk memperoleh penjelasan atas pengalaman mistis dan ekstasi. Namun, keberhasilan penjelasannya sepenuhnya berada di bawah kuasa dan kekuatan dari prinsip-prinsip tersebut. (Fanā) atau kesirnaan adalah salah satu tahap mistis atau keadaan yang sulit dimengerti oleh non-mistikus sehingga memunculkan berbagai teori yang berbeda untuk menjelaskannya. Pencapaian prestasi ilmiah dan ﬁlosoﬁs merupakan penjelasan yang tepat atas fanā. Bagaimanapun upaya yang dilakukan dalam artikel ini membuktikan bahwa satu-satunya penjelasan yang sukses adalah penjelasan yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip teosoﬁ transendental dan mistisisme teoritis.

Kata kunci : Fanā, Mistisisme, Penjelasan rasional, Mistisisme teoretis, Filsafat transendental

Abstract : Mystics are passing through stages (degrees of mystic perfection) and esoteric abodes (spiritual stations) in their spiritual journey to Allah which is difficult for unmystics to understand. Because of this, most of the reflective people are trying to rely on their intellectual and theoretical principles to obtain an understandable explanation of mystical experiences and ecstasy. However the success of such explanation completely lies in the power and strength of the above mentioned principles. (Fanā) or annihilation is one of the mystical stages or states which unmystics ﬁnd very difficult to reasonably understand, hence various and different theories have been provided for its explanation. Various scientiﬁc and philosophical achievements are appropriate explanations of annihilation (fanā) which is valuable in its place; however effort had been made in this article to prove that the only successful explanation is an explanation based on the principles of transcendental theosophy and theoretical mysticism.

Keywords : Fanā (annihilation), Mysticism, Reasonable explanation, Theoretical mysticism, Transcendental theosophy
Lokalitas, Islamisitas dan Globalitas : Tafsir Falsafi dalam Pengembangan Pemikiran Peradaban Islam
Authors: Abdullah M. Amin
Published: February 2016

Abstract : This paper attempts to consider how the history of world religions, including the history of Islamic civilization, always have, through and documenting the cultural encounter, i.e. the relationship between center and periphery and the experience of the encounter in the frontier. Two-ways relationship shaping a dyadic pattern, that is the encounter of Muslim with the local culture in which the regional and national states dimensions is being ignored, or vice versa, and also an encounter of Muslim with the nation states which forgetting the aspirations and local culture, yet to meet and to relate the two with international issues, either an encounter of religion and international community as well, is almost impossible to bring about the new problems within the  dynamics of the global era today. Thus, the role of philosophical interpretation and contemporary Islamic philosophy is to provide a discern socio-cultural analysis in its interplay more complete and accurate between regional, national and mondial.

Keywords : Philosophical interpretaion, cultural encounters, the perma-nence, the change, univocality of being, gradation of being, maqāṣid sharī’ah, interpreted sharī’ah, Islamicate

 

Abstrak : Tulisan ini mencoba menilik bagaimana sejarah agama-agama dunia, termasuk sejarah peradaban Islam, selalu mengalami, melalui dan mendokumentasikan proses hubungan perjumpaan yang bercorak kultural (cultural encounter), baik hubungan antara pusat dan pinggir (centre and periphery) maupun pengalaman perjumpaan di wilayah tapal batas (frontier). Hubungan dua arah yang bercorak diadik, yaitu perjumpaan pemeluk agama Islam dengan budaya lokal dengan melupakan dimensi regionalitas dan nasionalitas (nation states) atau sebaliknya, juga perjumpaan pemeluk agama Islam dengan negara-bangsa (nation states) dengan melupakan aspirasi dan budaya lokal, belum lagi menghubungkan dan memperjumpakan keduanya dengan isu-isu global-internasional (world citizenship), begitu pula perjumpaan agama dan masyarakat internasional dengan menepikan keterkaitannya dengan permasalahan lokal dan nasional (nation states) hampir-hampir tidak mungkin dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah baru pada era digital global seperti saat sekarang ini. Di sinilah peran tafsir falsaﬁ dan ﬁlsafat Islam kontemporer dalam memberi ketajaman analisis sosial kultural dan saling keterkaitan antara regional, nasional dan mondial yang lebih utuh dan akurat.

Kata kunci : Tafsir falsaﬁ, perjumpaan budaya (cultural encounters), yang tetap, yang berubah, univokalitas wujud, gradasi wujud, maqāshid syarī’ah, interpreted syarī’ah, Islamicate
Agama dalam Pandangan Futurolog
Authors: Bakhtiar Amsal
Published: February 2016

Abstract : Before modern era, religion became more dominant in daily life of human being because religion institution is the sole authority to dicide either religion aspect or scientiﬁc one. But in modern era, especially after some inventions of modern science and technology, secular scientist in the West very proud of his intellectual ability to explore the nature. They neglect religion and even accused religion as an opium and illusion. In fact, human being cannot free from believing in Supra Natural Being because even though in the atheist community still respect the spirit of ancestors. Therefore, every effort to attack religion will fail because religion could not separated from basic need of human being and religion is the the sole doctrin of life in hereafter.  Naisbitt, a famous futurolog, also declares that the spiritual of religion will become dominant in new era. 

Keywords : Futurolog, knowledge, organized religion, fundamentalism

 

Abstrak : Sebelum era modern, agama menjadi lebih dominan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia karena institusi agama adalah otoritas tunggal untuk memutuskan, baik aspek agama atau yang ilmiah. Tetapi dalam era modern, terutama setelah beberapa penemuan ilmu pengetahuan modern dan teknologi, ilmuwan sekuler di Barat sangat bangga akan kemampuan intelektual mereka untuk menjelajahi alam. Mereka mengabaikan agama dan bahkan menuduh agama sebagai candu dan ilusi. Bahkan, manusia tidak bisa bebas dari percaya pada keberadaan Supra Natural, meskipun komunitas ateis masih menghormati roh leluhur. Oleh karena itu, segala upaya untuk menyerang agama akan gagal karena agama tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kebutuhan dasar manusia dan agama adalah satu-satunya doktrin kehidupan di akhirat. Naisbitt, seorang futurolog terkenal, juga menyatakan bahwa spiritual agama akan menjadi dominan dalam era baru.

Kata kunci : Futurolog, ilmu, agama formal, fundamentalisme
The ‘Legacy of Authoritarianism’ and Democratic Governance in Africa
Authors: Arrey Dr. William Hermann
Published: February 2016

The 1990s global transition to democratisation and subsequent public sector reforms to strengthen democratic governance in Africa represents a complete ‘rupture’ with past authoritarianism and other exclusionary politics prior to democratisation. However, current governance and democratic practices in the continent still reflect features of an ‘authoritarian past.’ In fact, this article is timely especially in this period where tensions and conflicts in contemporary Africa remain linked to problems of democratic governance and inclusive development, especially as Africans embark on their current ‘emerging agendas.’ As such, picking out the ‘legacy of authoritarianism’ and interrogating whether this background has any bearing on the quality of democratic governance in contemporary Africa, the analysis reveals that normatively, particular incumbents and state officials promote a governance process that is democratic in outlook but in actual sense, their authoritarian and exclusionary impulses as well as their desire to maintain power by all cost, have interacted in contributing to the current democratic governance deficits in the continent. The article cautions that reducing the explanation of such an antithesis of the democratic theory, to the legacy of authoritarianism, could limit our conceptual and practical understanding of some of the shortcomings of neoliberal democratic intervention in African democratisation. It concludes that without a governance system rested on democratic values with ‘African roots—a culturally sustainable democracy,’ all national, sub-regional and continental socio-economic development efforts are condemned from the outset.
Scaling Laboratory-Data Surfactant-Imbibition Rates to the Field in Fractured-Shale Formations
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jin , Butler Raymond , Olatunji Kayode
Published: February 2016

By use of existing methods, typical oil-recovery factors from the Bakken and other shale formations are low, typically less than 5% of original oil in place (OOIP). We are investigating the use of surfactant imbibition to enhance oil recovery from oil shale or other tight rocks. Much of our previous work has measured surfactant-imbibition rates and oil-recovery values in laboratory cores from the Bakken shale, Niobrara chalk/shale, and Eagle Ford formations. With optimized surfactant formulations at reservoir conditions, we observed oil-recovery values up to 20% of OOIP incremental over brine imbibition. However, whether surfactant imbibition will be a viable recovery process depends on achieving sufficiently high oil-production rates in a field setting. This, in turn, depends on three factors: the area of formation contact (through fractures and microfractures) when/where the surfactant formulation is introduced; the rates of surfactant imbibition; and the distances of surfactant imbibition into the rock and ultimate oil-displacement effectiveness. In this paper, we use analytical models to scale laboratory surfactant-imbibition rates to a field scale in fractured-shale formations.

In laboratory cores, we observed imbibition rates that varied inversely with time. Dimensionless scaling groups were applied that compensate for the effects of sample size and shape, boundary conditions, permeability, porosity, and viscosity. Calculations were made of available fracture area, assuming typical horizontal-well lengths and transverse-induced-fracture spacing in typical Bakken wells. These fracture areas were coupled with our imbibition-scaling groups to estimate oil-recovery rates in a field setting. Considering realistic timing, surfactant imbibition will generally not proceed more than a few meters into the low-permeability shale/chalk formations. These calculations indicate insufficient fracture area to provide a viable imbibition process if only the induced-fracture area is considered. However, recent results from geological, microseismic, and pressure-transient studies indicate considerably greater area associated with natural microfractures in our target formations. When the increased area suggested by the presence of microfractures is included in our analyses, the surfactant-imbibition process appears quite promising.
MPD Equipment Selection for a Deepwater Drillship
Authors: Reimer C. R. , Moore D. D. , Dysart R. , Goodwin B.
Published: February 2016

This paper illustrates what is required to select and install an MPD system on a deepwater drillship by following a recent example of such an installation. It addresses some of the things that should be considered when choosing equipment to ensure that the equipment will be safe, properly sized, efficient, redundant, and capable of performing all the functions expected of an MPD operation. The relative merits of choosing equipment from various suppliers instead of a single source provider, as is more commonly done in the industry, is examined. Installation and incorporation into the rig package and how conventional operations are impacted are also discussed.
MPD Application for Ultra-HPHT Wellbore
Authors: Starkey Craig , Webre Travis , Rafferty Mike , Fredericks Paul , Hobin John
Published: February 2016

A rank exploration well drilled in Southwest Louisiana recently with Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques reached new operating levels for depth, pressure, and temperature. The exploration well reached a total depth of 29,426 ft at a maximum bottomhole pressure (BHP) and temperature of ~30,000 psi and ~500° F, respectively.

Below 15,000 feet, the increased solubility of gas posed a particularly difficult risk for kick detection. The need for precise kick detection was magnified further by the uncertain magnitude of the pore pressure, the reduced kick tolerance, and well conditions conducive to swabbing during tripping operations. Managed pressure drilling techniques were employed to mitigate these risks.

This paper will describe the processes that were used to identify the functional requirements and limitations of the MPD equipment that was selected to achieve the well objectives. The MPD process flow paths were designed early in the planning phase of the project to minimize any potential misapplication of MPD techniques during the execution phase. The paper will also include a description of the substructure vertical space limits that are created when installing MPD equipment. These designs were also completed in the early planning phase because the stack-height design defines the substructure spacing requirements, which can have a significant impact on rig selection and substructure requirement.

The case history presented in this paper will document: The successful early detection of influxes of less than 3 barrelsThe implementation of managed pressure stripping procedures that resulted in increased tripping speedsThe application of MPD techniques that reduced the time spent circulating and managing gas at surface

The above actions saved ample amounts of rig time in each of these areas. Additional MPD techniques were utilized to perform dynamic leak off and in-flow tests which yielded accurate data that will be used to refine earth models for possible future well applications. Key improvement opportunities were identified during the execution phase through daily communication meetings with the service provider, which were used to improve MPD plans, procedures, and reliability.