bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring an arbitrary large vectorial structured light beam array utilizing the tensor theory of multiplexed polarization holograms
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Kinashi Kenji , Tsutsumi Naoto , Sakai Wataru , Jackin Boaz Jessie
Published: July 2024

Vectorial structured light beams, characterized by their topological charge and non-uniform polarization distribution, are highly promising beam modes for several applications in different domains of optics and photonics. To harness its potential specifically in optical communication, data encryption, and optical trapping, it is necessary to tailor a multitude of these beams with arbitrary and large topological charge and polarization distribution. However, achieving the above-mentioned requires bulky optical setups that necessitate the superposition of two beams or involve complex material fabrication techniques that can directly generate these beams. In this paper, we report the generation of a large structured light beam array by utilizing multiplexed polarization holograms, computer-generated holography, and azo-carbazole polymer film. We have developed a theoretical framework for double-exposure polarization holography that enables the possibility of tailoring such a vectorial light beam array. Utilizing the developed theory, we showcase the experimental generation of a structured vector beam array of size 8 × 8 with arbitrary topological charges and polarization distribution in 3 mm × 3 mm area of the polymer film. Exploiting the large space bandwidth of the polymer film, we also demonstrate the generation of vector vortex beam arrays with exceptionally large topological charges (l=100). All the above has been experimentally realized by simply illuminating the hologram with a plane Gaussian beam, and no additional optics are needed. This reported method offers huge potential and opens up new possibilities for the utilization of vectorial structured light beams.
All-dielectric ultra-broadband transparent imidazole ionic liquid-based metamaterial absorber with a frustum-shaped structure
Authors: Guan Yongji , Fan Jiajun , Wang Yuyang , Li Xiaoxiang , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: July 2024

In this study, a frustum-shaped addition was made to a cylindrical absorber unit, utilizing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid (IL) to create a transparent all-dielectric liquid metamaterial absorber (A-D ILMMA). The A-D ILMMA achieved over 90% absorption efficiency across 4.86–50.00 GHz, with a 165% relative absorption bandwidth. It maintained robust performance across various polarization angles and achieved over 77% absorption at incident angles of up to 60°. Owing to the excellent thermal stability of the IL, the A-D ILMMA consistently maintained an absorption rate of over 90% across a temperature range from 25 °C to 100 °C. The high absorption rates were attributed to synergistic impedance matching and electromagnetic energy loss. The experimental results confirmed over 90% absorption in the ultra-broadband range of 7.10 GHz to 40.00 GHz, demonstrating the excellent physicochemical properties of ILs and their potential applications.
Photonic floating point multiplication using cascaded SSB-SC modulation
Authors: Sobhanan Aneesh , Fardoost Alireza , Desai Dhruvkumar , Vanani Fatemeh Ghaedi , Zhu Zheyuan , Pang Shuo S. , Li Guifang
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present what we believe to be a novel approach to floating-point multiplication, demonstrated experimentally for the first time. This method involves encoding floating-point numbers onto RF sub-carriers, utilizing amplitude to represent the significand and sub-carrier frequency for the exponent. We employ single-sideband suppressed-carrier (SSB-SC) modulation via IQ modulators to effectively translate the floating-point numbers into the optical domain. The process involves cascaded SSB-SC modulation coupled with balanced detection, enabling the execution of scalar floating-point multiplication. In our proof-of-concept experiment, we analyzed 10 samples with subcarrier frequencies ranging between 8 GHz and 18 GHz. The results exhibit a remarkably low error in scalar multiplication-ranging from 1% to less than 10% in the significand while maintaining error-free performance in the exponent calculation. We further conducted an energy efficiency analysis comparing fixed-point and floating-point operations for matrix-vector multiplication, demonstrating that floating-point is notably more energy-efficient, particularly for large-sized matrices or vectors. These results highlight the technique's viability for high dynamic range floating-point multiplication within photonic accelerators.
Generation of a red-green-blue laser by stimulated Raman scattering of ethanol
Authors: Liu Guowei , Wang Zhengping , Yu Pingzhang , Pan Xiaobo , Wu Zhixin , Ren Hongkai , Xu Xinguang
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we report an efficient red-green-blue (RGB) laser based on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of ethanol. The wavelengths of the three-color laser are 631, 532, and 447 nm, respectively, and the gamut space that can cover is 116% of the Rec. 2020 standard gamut in the CIE1976 color space. The maximum output energy of the RGB laser was 595.9 µJ under the total pump energy of 1.56 mJ, which corresponds to an optical conversion efficiency of 38.2%. By adjusting the energy ratio of different wavelengths, a white laser output with a maximum output energy of 544.8 µJ is achieved, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 34.9%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an RGB laser has been realized based on liquid SRS. It provides a simple, practical route for efficiently obtaining RGB and white lasers, which may find important applications in many fields like laser display, atmospheric monitoring, and medical beauty.
Complementarity of which-path information in induced and stimulated coherences via four-wave mixing process from warm Rb atomic ensemble
Authors: Kim Danbi , Park Jiho , Baek Changhoon , Lee Sun Kyung , Moon Han Seb
Published: July 2024

Complementarity, a fundamental tenet of quantum optics, is
indispensable for elucidating the fundamental principles of quantum
physics and advancing quantum information processing applications. In
the context of wave–particle duality, induced-coherence experiments
were understood through the lens of which-path information.
Conversely, the stimulated-coherence experiments were explained by
using the indistinguishability of the photon statistics of conjugate
photons as a means of realizing complementarity. Here, we report a
systematic approach for establishing a complementary relationship
between the interference visibility, concurrence, and predictability
in the crossing of induced and stimulated coherences of two-mode
squeezed coherent states. This is achieved using a double-path
interferometer involving two independent four-wave mixing (FWM) atomic
samples generated via spontaneous and stimulated FWM processes from a
warm atomic ensemble of 87Rb. We demonstrate that the
transition from quantum to classical behavior can be characterized by
the induced coherence effect, distinguishing between the two-mode
squeezed vacuum and coherent states. Moreover, our experimental
scheme, employing two FWM atomic ensembles with long-coherent photons,
provides valuable insights into the complementarity of which-path
information in induced and stimulated coherences.
Convergence, sampling and total order estimator effects on parameter orthogonality in global sensitivity analysis
Authors: Saxton Harry , Xu Xu , Schenkel Torsten , Clayton Richard H. , Halliday Ian
Published: July 2024

Dynamical system models typically involve numerous input parameters whose “effects” and orthogonality need to be quantified through sensitivity analysis, to identify inputs contributing the greatest uncertainty. Whilst prior art has compared total-order estimators’ role in recovering “true” effects, assessing their ability to recover robust parameter orthogonality for use in identifiability metrics has not been investigated. In this paper, we perform: (i) an assessment using a different class of numerical models representing the cardiovascular system, (ii) a wider evaluation of sampling methodologies and their interactions with estimators, (iii) an investigation of the consequences of permuting estimators and sampling methodologies on input parameter orthogonality, (iv) a study of sample convergence through resampling, and (v) an assessment of whether positive outcomes are sustained when model input dimensionality increases. Our results indicate that Jansen or Janon estimators display efficient convergence with minimum uncertainty when coupled with Sobol and the lattice rule sampling methods, making them prime choices for calculating parameter orthogonality and influence. This study reveals that global sensitivity analysis is convergence driven. Unconverged indices are subject to error and therefore the true influence or orthogonality of the input parameters are not recovered. This investigation importantly clarifies the interactions of the estimator and the sampling methodology by reducing the associated ambiguities, defining novel practices for modelling in the life sciences.
The impact of COVID-19 on sexual risk behaviour for HIV acquisition in east Zimbabwe: An observational study
Authors: Morris Rebekah , Gregson Simon , Maswera Rufurwokuda , Moorhouse Louisa , Dadirai Tawanda , Mandizvidza Phyllis , Moyo Brian , Mugurungi Owen , Nyamukapa Constance
Published: July 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have the potential to alter sexual risk behaviours for HIV acquisition with important implications for HIV prevention programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, no large-scale data have been published to substantiate hypothesised changes in sexual risk behaviours. We used longitudinal survey data to assess the impact of Covid-19 on sexual risk behaviours in east Zimbabwe. Data on sexual behaviours in HIV-negative adults aged 15–54 years were collected in two rounds of a general population open-cohort survey conducted in Manicaland, Zimbabwe shortly before (July 2018 to December 2019; N = 7316) and several months into the Covid-19 epidemic (February to July 2021; N = 6356). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models of serial cross-sectional and prospective cohort data were used to assess changes in sexual risk behaviours. The proportion of females aged 15–19 years reporting sexual debut declined from 29.7% before Covid-19 to 20.3% during Covid-19 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.38–0.63). Fewer sexually-active females reported multiple sexual partners during Covid-19 (3.35% versus 6.07%; AOR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.43–0.72). No population-level changes in male behaviour between survey rounds were recorded but the cohort analysis revealed a complex pattern of behaviour change with HIV risk behaviours increasing for some individuals and decreasing for others. Overall HIV risk behaviours remained high in a sub-Saharan African population with a generalised HIV epidemic over a period of Covid-19 lockdowns when movements and social contacts were restricted.
Systematic review to evaluate accuracy studies of the diagnostic criteria for periodontitis in pregnant women
Authors: Conceição Sarah dos Santos , Batista Josicélia Estrela Tuy , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Passos-Soares Johelle de Santana , Loomer Peter Michael , Lyrio Amanda Oliveira , Souza Elivan Silva , Figueiredo Ana Cláudia Morais Godoy , Pereira Mauricio Gomes
Published: July 2024

The diversity of criteria used in the diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women makes it difficult to define and compare the disease. Using a systematic review, this study evaluated the accuracy of criteria for diagnosing periodontitis in pregnant women. Searches were carried out in the databases: Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs, ProQuest, and CINAHL. Validation studies of the criteria used for diagnosing periodontitis met the inclusion criteria. The study steps were performed by three independent reviewers. A qualitative synthesis of the included articles was carried out and the quality methodological analysis using the QUADAS-2 instrument. The assessment of the quality of the evidence was obtained through the GRADE tool. A total of 592 records were identified, of which only 6 made up this systematic review. The included studies analyzed different criteria for diagnosing periodontitis, evaluating 3,005 pregnant women. The criteria selected as a test presented results equivalent to the performance of those recognized as the gold standard. The self-reported criteria were of lower diagnostic accuracy. A major limitation of this review was the small number of primary studies that evaluated clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women, which was highly heterogeneous, making it impossible to carry out accuracy meta-analysis and additional analyzes. There is a lack of consensus on the criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis, with great variability in the accuracy and prevalence of the disease in pregnant women.
Anthropic cut marks in extinct megafauna bones from the Pampean region (Argentina) at the last glacial maximum
Authors: Del Papa Mariano , De Los Reyes Martin , Poiré Daniel G. , Rascovan Nicolás , Jofré Guillermo , Delgado Miguel
Published: July 2024

The initial peopling of South America is a topic of intense archaeological debate. Among the most contentious issues remain the nature of the human-megafauna interaction and the possible role of humans, along with climatic change, in the extinction of several megamammal genera at the end of the Pleistocene. In this study, we present the analysis of fossil remains with cutmarks belonging to a specimen of Neosclerocalyptus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae), found on the banks of the Reconquista River, northeast of the Pampean region (Argentina), whose AMS 14C dating corresponds to the Last Glacial Maximum (21,090–20,811 cal YBP). Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, stratigraphic descriptions, absolute chronological dating of bone materials, and deposits suggest a relatively rapid burial event of the bone assemblage in a semi-dry climate during a wet season. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the cut marks, reconstruction of butchering sequences, and assessments of the possible agents involved in the observed bone surface modifications indicate anthropic activities. Our results provide new elements for discussing the earliest peopling of southern South America and specifically for the interaction between humans and local megafauna in the Pampean region during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Effect of Chinese outward FDI on youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Liu Junqi , Nwagu Ellis Chukwumerije , Liu Rongbing , Wang Qi , Debnath Gouranga Chandra , Bhowmik Roni
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the effect of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by using a modified labour demand model to identify the investment sources that are helpful for reducing youth unemployment in the region. The model is applied to a panel of 42 countries for the period 2003–2021 using random-effect, and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimators for robustness check. Our results suggest that Chinese FDI has direct short-term reducing effect on youth unemployment in SSA. The direction of China’s capital investment to infrastructure development and other labour-intensive activities leads to immediate reduction in youth unemployment. However, overtime, due to absence of linkages with domestic firms, and thus lack of demand effects, Chinese FDI becomes insignificant for employment creation. Our results also indicate that Other FDI does not lead to significant reduction in youth unemployment both currently and overtime. Our analysis gives partial support to the argument that the impact of Chinese FDI may differ from those of developed countries. Finally, we could not find evidence that the effect of FDI on employment depends on host country human capital and institutional quality. Several specifications of the empirical model are tested, and explanations are provided for the results. Policy implications are highlighted, especially the need to attract more job absorbing FDI and improve domestic absorptive capacity.
Pain and fatigue in adult patients with multiple osteochondromas: The Netherlands
Authors: Amajjar Ihsane , Vergauwen Kuni , Willigenburg Nienke W. , Ham S. John , Smeets Rob J. E. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by the presence of numerous benign bone tumours, known as osteochondromas. Within the spectrum of debilitating symptoms associated with MO, pain is recognized as a major problem. Interestingly, our clinical observations suggest that fatigue is also a significant concern but has merely been touched upon in MO literature. This study aims to (1) assess the level of pain and fatigue in adult patients with MO; (2) compare fatigue in MO to healthy subjects and patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA); (3) identify associated variables for pain and fatigue in patients with MO.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 353 adult MO patients completed a survey with validated questionnaires on pain, fatigue and psychosocial factors. Pain and fatigue were assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and fatigue was also measured with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). Fatigue (CIS) was compared with reference scores of healthy subjects and patients with RA, using a one-sample t-test. Multiple linear regression models for pain and fatigue were developed using a-priori selected independent variables based on a theoretical framework (ICF-model).

Results

Pain was reported by 87.8% (NRS = 3.19±2.6) and fatigue by 90.4% (NRS = 4.1±2.6) of patients with MO. Fatigue scores for MO (CIS = 84.1±15.3) were significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to reference scores of healthy subjects and patients with RA. The multivariable analysis for pain provided a final regression model with six variables (R2 = 0.445, p<0.001) of which fear avoidance beliefs and fatigue had the strongest association. For the fatigue models NRS (R2 = 0.455, p<0.001) and CIS (R2 = 0.233, p<0.001), the strongest associations were found with anxiety and depression respectively.

Conclusions

Pain and fatigue are highly prevalent in patients with MO. Fatigue is significantly higher compared to healthy subjects and patients with RA. Several variables associated with pain and fatigue have been identified that could help improve multidisciplinary treatment plans.
Social determinants of child abuse: Evidence from seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Paintsil Jones Arkoh , Yaya Sanni
Published: July 2024

Background

Child abuse is a dominant public health concern that permeates race, varied social contexts and culture. Child abuse comprises any act of omission or commission perpetrated by a child’s parent, caregiver, or other adult leading to harm, potential for, or any threat of harm to a child (below age 18), either intentional or unintentional. This subject has usually been explored by focusing on men. This study investigated the prevalence and social correlates of child abuse across seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods and materials

Data was obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2013 and 2020. The outcome variable employed for this study was acts of child abuse (including shouting, striking, and slapping). Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out. The descriptive analysis focused on the bivariate analysis between the country variable and the outcome variables. Multivariate analysis was, however, utilized to determine the relationship between the outcome variables and the respondents’ explanatory variables, using a binary logistic regression model. The adjusted odds ratios for each variable were calculated using a 95% confidence range.

Results

The proportion of women shouting at children was 72 percent. This ranged from 49.2 percent in Chad to 84.2 percent in Benin. The proportion of women striking children was 52.5 percent and this ranged from 37.1 percent in Chad to 63.8 percent in Benin. The odds of women striking their children was higher for those with children aged 10–14 (aOR = 1.18, CI = 1.03, 1.34), women with primary education (aOR = 1.25, CI = 1.17, 1.33), cohabiting women (aOR = 1.17, CI = 1.10, 1.25) and women who had experienced intimate partner violence (aOR = 1.06, CI = 1.00, 1.12). The odds of women shouting at their children was higher for those aged 30–34 years (aOR = 1.31, CI = 1.11, 1.55) and for working women (aOR = 1.43, 1.33, 1.56). The odds of women slapping their children was higher for those who justify wife-beating (aOR = 1.10, CI = 1.03, 1.16) and for women with richest wealth status (aOR = 1.25, CI = 1.17, 1.33).

Conclusions

The findings show that it is imperative for the governments of the countries studied, especially those with high prevalence like Benin, to consider parent-friendly and culturally acceptable non-formal educational initiatives that will dissuade parents and guardians from abusing children. Possibly, legal reforms that sanction harsher punishments to perpetrators of child abuse may help make child abuse less attractive to parents and guardians.
An integrative approach to the study of Kempnyia Klapálek, 1914 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Brazil: Support for the description of four new species and a basis for future studies
Authors: de Almeida Lucas Henrique , Gonçalves Maísa de Carvalho , da Conceição Bispo Pitágoras
Published: July 2024

Kempnyia (Plecoptera: Perlidae) is an endemic genus of Brazilian stoneflies that has 36 valid species and is distributed primarily in the Atlantic Forest and the mountainous areas of Central Brazil, particularly in Goiás and Tocantins states. Despite being the Brazilian genus with the most DNA sequences available on GenBank, integrative studies on the genus began only recently, in 2014. In this context, herein we studied the morphology and molecular data of Kempnyia specimens deposited in the Aquatic Biology Laboratory (UNESP, Assis) and the Entomology Museum of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFVB, Viçosa) collections. For the integrative approach adopted, in addition to studying the specimens morphologically, we used sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene combined with the following species delimitation methods: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), both primary (ABGDp) and recursive (ABGDr) partitions; Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP); Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) and the Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). As a result, we provided 28 new COI sequences of 21 species and support the description of four new species, namely, K. guarani sp. nov., K. tupiniquim sp. nov., K. una sp. nov., and K. zwickii sp. nov., consequently increasing the known diversity of the genus to 40 species. We also discuss the morphological variations observed in other species of the genus and provide several new geographic records. Therefore, our study brings new insights into the values of intra- and interspecific molecular divergence within Kempnyia, serving as a basis for new studies.
The relationship between line manager training in mental health and organisational outcomes
Authors: Hassard Juliet , Dulal-Arthur Teixiera , Bourke Jane , Wishart Maria , Roper Stephen , Belt Vicki , Leka Stavroula , Pahl Nick , Bartle Craig , Thomson Louise , Blake Holly
Published: July 2024

Background

Line manager (LM) training in mental health is gaining recognition as an effective method for improving the mental health and wellbeing of workers. However, research predominantly focuses on the impacts of training at the employee-level, often neglecting the broader organisational-level outcomes. Most studies derive insights from LMs using self-reported data, with very few studies examining impacts on organisational-level outcomes.

Aim

To explore the relationship between LM training in mental health and organisational-level outcomes using company-level data from a diverse range of organisations.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of anonymised panel survey data from firms in England, with data derived from computer-assisted telephone surveys over four waves (2020, 1899 firms; 2021, 1551; 2022, 1904; and 2023, 1902). The analysis merged the four datasets to control for temporal variations. Probit regression was conducted including controls for age of organisation, sector, size, and wave to isolate specific relationships of interest.

Results

We found that LM training in mental health is significantly associated with several organisational-level outcomes, including: improved staff recruitment (β = .317, p < .001) and retention (β = .453, p < .001), customer service (β = .453, p < .001), business performance (β = .349, p < .001), and lower long-term sickness absence due to mental ill-health (β = -.132, p < .05).

Conclusion

This is the first study to explore the organisational-level outcomes of LM training in mental health in a large sample of organisations of different types, sizes, and sectors. Training LM in mental health is directly related to diverse aspects of an organisations’ functioning and, therefore, has strategic business value for organisations. This knowledge has international relevance for policy and practice in workforce health and business performance.
“Capable of much more”: The effects of vocational training on caregiver expectations for neurodivergent dependents in Thailand
Authors: Mallory Drew B.
Published: July 2024

Neurodivergence encompasses a spectrum of natural variations in neurological development, including autism, ADHD, and other expressions of cognitive diversity. Caregiver experiences while supporting their neurodivergent dependents critically influence the quality of life outcomes for neurodivergent dependents across life stages, including during the search for work. However, research on caregiver experiences during this stage remains scarce, especially within lesser studied developing contexts like Thailand. This study explored perspectives of Thai caregivers preparing neurodivergent dependents for employment through a focus group (n = 10) of pre-vocational training caregivers and interviews (n = 13) with post-training caregivers. Analysis revealed significant sociocultural factors introducing stigma that affected acceptance, diagnosis, interventions, and policy support. Both groups reported systemic barriers, doubts about future independence, and hopes to increase advocacy and inclusive attitudes. However, caregivers whose dependents had received the training showed marked shifts in their expectations for their dependents’ success. Tailored vocational preparation helping dependents exhibit strengths may transform societal views on neurodiversity from deficiency to natural diversity and enable more meaningful, sustainable futures. These insights elucidate caregiver challenges and aspirations, which can better inform supportive research and interventions in Thailand and other non-Western locales.
Strain-level variations of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in two biochemical assays
Authors: Hampton Naomi , Smith Vicki , Brewer Matthew T. , Jesudoss Chelladurai Jeba R. J.
Published: July 2024

Background

The increase in reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis is alarming. While DNA based tests have been well-validated, they can be expensive. In a previous study, we showed that two biochemical tests adapted to a 96- well plate format and read in a spectrophotometer could detect differences among lab validated D. immitis isolates. The two tests- Resazurin reduction and Hoechst 33342 efflux—detect metabolism and P-glycoprotein activity respectively in microfilariae isolated from infected dog blood.

Methods

Our objective was to optimize the two assays further by testing various assay parameters in D. immitis isolates not tested previously. We tested microfilarial seeding density, incubation time and the effect of in vitro treatment with ivermectin and doxycycline in five other D. immitis isolates—JYD-34, Big Head, Berkeley, Georgia III and LOL. All assays were performed in 3 technical replicates and 2–4 biological replicates. To understand the molecular basis of the assays, we also performed qPCR for selected drug metabolism and elimination associated genes of the ABC transporter and cytochrome P450 gene families.

Results

Metabolism and ABC transporter activity as detected by these assays varied between strains. Anthelmintic status (resistant or susceptible) did not correlate with metabolism or P-gp efflux. Basal transcriptional variations were found between strains in ABC transporter and cytochrome P450 genes.

Conclusions

These assays provide a greater understanding of the biochemical variation among isolates of D. immitis, which can be exploited in the future to develop in vitro diagnostic tests capable of differentiating susceptible and resistant isolates.
Systematic review and tools appraisal of prognostic factors of return to work in workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal and common mental disorders
Authors: Villotti Patrizia , Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Corbière Marc , Negrini Alessia , Larivière Christian
Published: July 2024

With the overall objective of providing implication for clinical and research practices regarding the identification and measurement of modifiable predicting factors for return to work (RTW) in people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and common mental disorders (CMDs), this study 1) systematically examined and synthetized the research evidence available in the literature on the topic, and 2) critically evaluated the tools used to measure each identified factor. A systematic search of prognostic studies was conducted, considering four groups of keywords: 1) population (i.e., MSDs or CMDs), 2) study design (prospective), 3) modifiable factors, 4) outcomes of interest (i.e., RTW). Studies showing high risk of bias were eliminated. Tools used to measure prognostic factors were assessed using psychometric and usability criteria. From the 78 studies that met inclusion criteria, 19 (for MSDs) and 5 (for CMDs) factors reaching moderate or strong evidence were extracted. These factors included work accommodations, RTW expectations, job demands (physical), job demands (psychological), job strain, work ability, RTW self-efficacy, expectations of recovery, locus of control, referred pain (back pain), activities as assessed with disability questionnaires, pain catastrophizing, coping strategies, fears, illness behaviours, mental vitality, a positive health change, sleep quality, and participation. Measurement tools ranged from single-item tools to multi-item standardized questionnaires or subscales. The former generally showed low psychometric properties but excellent usability, whereas the later showed good to excellent psychometric properties and variable usability. The rigorous approach to the selection of eligible studies allowed the identification of a relatively small set of prognostic factors, but with a higher level of certainty. For each factor, the present tool assessment allows an informed choice to balance psychometric and usability criteria.
Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists Use Before Endoscopy Is Associated With Low Retained Gastric Contents: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Phan Jennifer , Chang Patrick , Issa Danny , Turner Ronald , Dodge Jennifer , Westanmo Anders , Karna Rahul , Olive Lorenzo , Bahdi Firas , Aldzhyan Vahagn , Bilal Mohammad , Tielleman Thomas
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

While ubiquity of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) is rising, guidance from the gastroenterology societies and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) remains in conflict on recommendations regarding preoperative holding before endoscopy. The aim of this study was to address this by evaluating the effect of GLP1-RAs on gastric retention during upper endoscopy.

METHODS:

This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients on confirmed GLP1-RAs receiving an endoscopy from 2021 to 2023. Demographics, prescribing practices, and procedure outcomes were captured. GLP1-RA management of preoperative holding was retroactively classified per ASA guidance. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors influencing retained gastric contents.

RESULTS:

Of 815 patients, 70 (8.7%) had retained gastric contents on endoscopy of whom 65 (93%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Only 1 (1.4%) of these patients required unplanned intubation, and none had aspiration events. Those with GLP1-RA held per ASA guidance (406, 49.8%) were less likely to have retained contents (4.4% vs 12.7%, P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences to intubation (0% vs 2%, P = 0.53) or aborting procedure rates (28% vs 18%, P = 0.40) due to gastric retention. On multivariable analysis, likelihood of food retention increased 36% (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.60) for every 1% increase in hemoglobin A1C after adjusting for GLP1-RA type and preoperative medication hold.

DISCUSSION:

In this multicenter study, very low rates of retained gastric contents were seen during endoscopy in patients on GLP1-RAs and most were in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our findings suggest an individualized approach rather than universal preoperative holding of medications before endoscopy.
Lo gótico y neogótico. La imagen de los godos de De rebus Hispaniae
Authors: Fuente Escribano Alejandro de la
Published: July 2024

En el presente trabajo proponemos llevar al lector a una concepción clara del concepto de Historia, no sólo en nuestros días sino cómo habría sido entendida durante el periodo medieval. Determinar la evolución de la idea de Historia desde griegos y romanos y las características principales de la mentalidad histórica medieval esperamos que sea de ayuda para comprender mejor la crónica de Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada como intelectual del siglo XIII. Haremos especial hincapié en el estudio de ciertas figuras cristianas cuya cosmovisión pensamos que tendría un impacto muy importante en la mentalidad de nuestro cronista, innovador probablemente en muchos sentidos, pero deudor en otros tantos de la tradición historiográfica anterior. Por otro lado, abordaremos la formación de identidad goda no sólo desde su punto de vista (a través de su conciencia tribal, de su recorrido migratorio, de sus propias acciones o de sus comportamientos a lo largo del tiempo) sino también desde el punto de vista romano, que por diversas razones pretendieron dar una imagen concreta de los godos acorde o no a sus intereses. Esto, por tanto, nos llevará a indagar en las relaciones de los godos con el resto de pueblos para comprender mejor la visión de estos con respecto a los primeros. Al mismo tiempo, nos conducirá a reflexionar sobre qué tipos de normas o criterios emplearon los propios godos para construir su identidad.
The influence of different fertigation levels on the functional quality characteristics of three different strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) varieties cultivated under protected conditions
Authors: Devi Neelam , Singh Yogendra , Bisht Yashpal Singh , Anchal  , Sharma Yogendra Kumar , Kher Deepak , Mishra Vikash Prasad
Published: July 2024

The strawberry, a member of the Rosaceae family, is one of the most significant fruit crops due to its widespread cultivation and the high appreciation it garners for its distinctive aroma, bright red colour, juicy texture and delightful sweetness. A field study was conducted during 2021-2022 to assess “the influence of different fertigation levels on the functional quality characteristics of 3different strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassaDuch.) varieties cultivated under protected conditions”. The study employed a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, encompassing 12 treatment combinations, replicated3times.The application of 100% RDF of NPK significantlyimpacted the functional quality characteristics of strawberries. The findings indicate that the highest values for total soluble solids (11.00 ºBrix), total sugars (7.70%), reducing sugars (5.40%), non-reducing sugars (2.31%), TSS: acidity ratio (14.28), juice content (45.32%), fruit pH (3.79%), antioxidants (0.19%), phenols (1.20%), fruit volume (12.89 cm3), fruit firmness (1.68 kg/cm2), specific gravity (1.04 g/cc)and shelf life (2.24 days) were observed under the fertigation level F3 (100% RDF of NPK).Additionally, minimum acidity (0.77%) and minimum physiological loss in weight (5.36 g) were also recorded at this fertigation level. The aim of this study is to enhance fruit production, increase yields and extend the shelf life of strawberries. By exploring factors such as fertigation levels and cultivars, this study provides valuable insights that promote sustainable and efficient practices. These findings hold promise for shaping the future of strawberry cultivation, facilitating increased yields and prolonged preservation.
Combined and single osmopriming effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance
Authors: YAVARI Afagh , HABIBI Ghader , ABEDINI Masoumeh , BAKHSHI KHANIKI Gholamreza
Published: July 2024

Osmopriming has been shown to improve the germination and growth of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study explores the impact of various priming agent NaCl (3g l-1), proline (1 mM), ZnSO4 (1 mM), and their combination on wheat performance during the summer season (Jul-Aug 2022) at the greenhouse of Payame Noor University, Tabriz. Wheat seeds treated with a combination of priming agent demonstrated significantly enhanced performance compared to untreated seeds. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements taken 35 days post-cultivation revealed a higher Photosystem Performance Index (PIabs) in osmoprimed seeds, particularly those treated with combined priming agent. Furthermore, primed plants demonstrated elevated concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids. Osmopriming also modulated the oxidative status of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Genetic analysis showed that osmopriming could influence the expression of NHX2, a gene linked to improving plant growth, water uptake, and yield in stress conditions.
Podnebne projekcije temperature zraka in padavin za porečja Ledave, Pesnice in Vipave do konca 21. stoletja
Authors: ČREPINŠEK Zalika , ŽNIDARŠIČ Zala , HONZAK Luka , POGAČAR Tjaša
Published: July 2024

As part of the project ‚CeVoTak‘, Integrated Management of Small Water Retention and Soil Erosion Prevention Measures in Agricultural Catchments, we studied changing temperature and precipitation conditions up to the year 2100. The study was conducted on agricultural lands in the catchments of the Ledava and Pesnica rivers in the sub-Pannonian region and the Vipava river in the sub-Mediterranean region. A common climate database was used to create the climate projections - RCM (Regional Climate Model) simulations from the project EURO-CORDEX and scenarios RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway), RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. The projections were prepared for three time periods 2011-2040; 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 for 6 different regional climate models for average, minimum and maximum air temperatures and precipitation. Analysis of the ensemble of model simulations for all scenarios shows similar results for the basin of all rivers, an increase in temperature (maximum in winter, minimum in spring), with high confidence for all scenarios and periods. Projections of precipitation are less reliable, but show an increase in annual precipitation due to the winter increase. The use of climate change projections with expert interpretation is essential for determining the vulnerability of individual areas and building resilience through the implementation of climate change adaptation.
Global assessment of Algerian honeys quality by palynological, physicochemical analyses, trace elements and potentially toxic elements screenin
Authors: KESSI Ouardia , MEKIOUS Scherazad , AOUADI Abdallah , HOUDEIB Jinane , MEGATLI Smain
Published: July 2024

The quality of twenty Algerian honeys was assessed based on their palynological and physicochemical properties, and their trace and toxic elements composition. A qualitative pollen analysis was conducted to estimate the botanical origin. The physicochemical analyses included moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), colour, and the content of 3 sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose). The analysis of mineral and heavy metals included Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and As. The pollen spectrum showed a great diversity with 60 taxa identified. The palynological analyses revealed the presence of 15 honeys with pollen dominance (unifloral): Citrus sp., Eucalyptus sp., Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam., Sinapis arvensis L., Dorycnium sp., Bupleurum sp., Echium sp., Lotus sp., and 5 honeys without pollen dominance (polyfloral). The physicochemical results showed that the samples conform to international quality standards, with few exceptions related to HMF, mainly due to beekeeping practices. The colour was from water white to dark amber. Pb and Cd concentrations were found to be below the maximum residue limits set by the European Directive with which the toxic elements were compared. These results would contribute to the assessment of Algerian honey and provide a database for the regulation of honey trade and consumer protection.
Travniški postavnež Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) na Ljubljanskem barju: prvi vpogled v gostiteljske rastline in pregled razširjenosti
Authors: Zakšek Barbara , Kogovšek Nika , Govedič Marijan , Čelik Tatjana
Published: July 2024

The article presents the first insight into the host plants of the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) in the Ljubljansko barje region and provides recent information on the species distribution in this area. There are two permanent populations of the marsh fritillary in the region, i.e. in the Draga Valley near Ig and the valley of Strajanov breg stream. The main larval host plant at Ljubljansko barje is devil's-bit scabious (Succisa pratensis). Preadult stages have also been found on willow gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea) and southern succisella (Succisella inflexa). The expanding diversity of host plants increases the likelihood of long-term survival of the species. Therefore, understanding the local ecology of the preadult stages is crucial for planning effective management strategies for the species.
The challenges in diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the presence of arterial hypertension: a clinical case
Authors: Khaniukov O. O. , Sapozhnychenko L. V. , Smolianova O. V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To describe a clinical case and analyze the challenges in diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a patient with concomitant arterial hypertension (AH).
Materials and methods. The article presents the clinical case of HCM in the patient with concomitant AH that was observed in an ambulatory setting in the Municipal Enterprise “Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Treatment” of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council.
Results. A 66-year-old woman N., diagnosed by her family physician with coronary artery disease (CAD): stable angina FC II, grade 2 AH, chronic heart failure FC II NYHA, was referred to a cardiologist because of experiencing exertional dyspnea, chest pain, and uncontrolled blood pressure despite treatment compliance.
Echocardiography identified concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (a mean gradient of 35 mmHg as per catheterization). Cardiac MRI confirmed the diagnosis and coronary angiography ruled out CAD. Adjustments to the treatment regimen, taking into account HCM with LVOT obstruction, effectively alleviated the patient’s symptoms and stabilized her blood pressure.
Conclusions. It is especially important to follow the guidelines of AH management and perform echocardiography in all patients with high blood pressure, so as not to miss the signs of concomitant HCM, particularly with LVOT obstruction. In addition, in the case of HCM, it is necessary to timely detect, provide prevention and manage patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. Since HCM encompasses various diagnoses with different pathogenesis and distinct management, cardiac MRI, enzymatic or genetic testing may be needed according to guidelines.
As HCM is a relatively common inherited cardiac disease, general practitioners could often encounter such patients in everyday clinical practice. Hence, they should have a certain suspicion of this diagnosis in persons with AH whose left ventricular mass meets the criteria for HCM.
Politische Interessenvertretung für Bibliotheken: Themen, Forderungen, Methoden
Authors: Breidlid Jacqueline
Published: July 2024

Vor mittlerweile über zehn Jahren hat der Deutsche Bibliotheksverband e. V. (dbv) in seiner Bundesgeschäftsstelle eine eigene Stelle für die Politische Kommunikation eingerichtet. In diesem Artikel erklärt die Stelleninhaberin (2019–2024) Jacqueline Breidlid, warum die politische Interessenvertretung für Bibliotheken so wichtig ist, reflektiert deren Besonderheiten und taucht – anhand des Beispiels der Bundestagswahl 2021 – in aktuelle Themen und Methoden der Interessenvertretung der dbv-Bundesgeschäftsstelle ein.
“E-waste” Colonialism: Mechanism of Late Modernity in Chen Qiufan’s Waste Tide
Authors: Liang Xiaohui , Ping Feifan
Published: July 2024

Among numerous literary works on international waste trade, by way of which the toxic waste has been exported basically from developed countries to underdeveloped areas, the Chinese writer Chen Qiufan’s Waste Tide is the only one that examines one of the most toxic waste streams, namely, the electronic waste, or the e-waste. However, this particular novel has not received much critical attention in the anglophone world. The few studies on this science fiction tend to focus on the capital market, the conflict between global and local, or the alienation of human and nature, neglecting its significant thematic concern on the e-waste. In this context, this study seeks to address this gap by analyzing the author’s focus on the neglected issue of e-waste in the system of waste colonialism. By exploring this work from the perspective of waste colonialism, this study attempts to disclose how the e-waste functions as a special symbol of late modernity and in what mechanism late modernity works to exert its effect respectively on economic-political institutions, knowledge system, and human cognition of their own subjectivity. Significantly, this study will argue that, in late modernity, the system of waste colonialism has developed into what this study terms “e-waste” colonialism, promoting the reconsolidation of power structure, the intensification of expert knowledge, and the deconstruction of human subjectivity.
Green Finance, Environmental Regulations, and Green Technologies in China: Implications for Achieving Green Economic Recovery
Authors: Lou Chao
Published: July 2024

In the framework of foreign direct investments (FDI) and green finance (GF), environmental regulations (ERs) and green technologies have influenced China’s green economic recovery between 2000 and 2020. The idea is to conduct an empirical investigation of the main drivers behind China’s green economic revival. Second-generation panel cointegration techniques were adopted for the analysis. The relationship among ERs, green technological investment, GF, and green economic recovery is supported by the long-run cointegration results. In this context, some of the most important measures include ER, GF, and increased investment in environmentally friendly technologies. The estimated results demonstrate a positive contribution towards the green economic recovery from GF, the development of green technologies, and ERs. Evidence suggests that green economic recovery is inversely associated with FDI. The establishment of an environmentally sustainable economy can be rendered by policy implications to continue advocating for the green shift in financial institutions along with enforcing the appropriate regulations and laws.