bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Módulo deportivo universitario. Campus de Somosaguas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Authors: García Tolosana Carlos
Published: August 2010

En el presente artículo se detalla la solución adoptada para la construcción de un edificio deportivo universitario, desde premisas de simplicidad y economía.
De su funcionamiento es reseñable su concepción en un único volumen que compatibiliza el entrenamiento deportivo, en condiciones de máximo aprovechamiento de la pista deportiva y el deporte espectáculo, que se posibilita constituyendo el nivel de entrada como galería-mirador, y con el concurso de graderíos telescópicos que se recogen bajo las galerías longitudinales.
De su sistema constructivo, hay que anotar el carácter de "vistos" de todos los elementos e instalaciones que intervienen en la edificación, deforma que su función se enmarca, de forma expresa, en la geometría general.
Algunos aspectos del proceso de construcción del museo Guggenheim Bilbao. Bilbao/España
Authors: Caicoya Gómez-Morán C.
Published: August 2010

Se describen -de manera breve- algunos aspectos del proyecto y construcción del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, planteando y resolviendo los distintos problemas que se presentaron durante el proceso constructivo (urbanísticos, funcionales, arquitectónicos, etc.).
Se hace hincapié, asimismo, en la complejidad geométrica del proyecto y de su solución final.
El Museo Guggenheim Bilbao. Bilbao/España
Authors: Ferrovial S.A. Grupo
Published: August 2010

La intervención del Grupo Ferrovial en el proyecto del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao ha consistido, por una parte, en la contratación de las obras de hormigón y la estructura metálica; los revestimientos interiores e instalaciones y, finalmente, las obras de urbanización. Por otra, Ferrovial Conservación (Ferconsa) realizará el mantenimiento integral del Museo.
La construcción sostenible: el estado de la cuestión
Authors: Alavedra P. , Domínguez J. , Gonzalo E. , Serra J.
Published: August 2010

En este trabajo se expone el estado actual de la cuestión en referencia a la integración de los vocablos de Construcción y Desarrollo Sostenible. Por ello, se expone una reflexión sobre construcción de los edificios sostenibles, en lo que se refiere a la conservación de la energía y de los recursos naturales, la reutilización de estos recursos, la gestión del ciclo de vida, tanto de los edificios como de los materiales y componentes utilizados y las consideraciones a destacar en cuanto a la calidad de las edificaciones, en lo que se refiere a materiales, edificaciones y ambiente urbanizado. Las consideraciones especificadas se refieren tanto a aspectos concernientes a los materiales como a tecnologías utilizados para obtener una mayor eficiencia energética de los edificios y las técnicas de construcción.
Caracterización de la cimentación y suelo subyacente de la Giralda de Sevilla/España
Authors: Barrios Padura Angela , Valverde Espinosa Ignacio , Polo Velasco Jorge , Fernández Vélez Miguel A. , Matínez Girón Ángel
Published: August 2010

Este estudio se ha realizado con el objetivo de investigar la naturaleza, tipología y composición de la cimentación de la Giralda, así como las características del terreno subyacente que sirve de apoyo, coincidiendo con la celebración de los 800 años de la terminación de la torre musulmana. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto aspectos tan importantes como la profundidad de la cimentación, en tomo a 5 m desde la actual cota de acerado; la existencia de un pequeño sobreancho en la misma; su composición, a base de sillares de piedra calcarenita; la preparación del terreno de apoyo... Por lo que respecta al suelo, se ha determinado su capacidad portante; los asientos producidos en las diferentes fases de la construcción de la torre y su evolución en el tiempo; el asiento diferencial que justifica la muy ligera inclinación que presenta.
El nuevo puente sobre el río Pisuerga de la ronda sur de Valladolid
Authors: Arenas de Pablo J. J.
Published: August 2010

Se describe el proyecto de obra del nuevo puente sobre el río Pisuerga.
Teniendo en cuenta lo peculiar de la topografía del lugar, se sugiere la idea de puente atirantado, planteándose su construcción en el tipo de apoyos que ha de presentar dicho puente y su sistema constructivo, considerando, de manera especial, su durabilidad.
El hormigón de alta resistencia en la edificación. Tipología estructural
Authors: Gómez Hermoso J.
Published: August 2010

En el presente artículo se realiza una descripción de algunas de las últimas realizaciones internacionales de edificios proyectados y construidos con estructura de hormigón de alta resistencia (HAR). Se detalla y analiza la tipología general y los elementos estructurales que la constituyen. Finalmente se obtiene una serie de conclusiones sobre criterios generales de proyecto que podrían seguirse para futuras actuaciones.
La vivienda y la explotación agraria en Galicia. Un sistema integrado para el estudio de calidad de vida
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez F. , Álvarez López C. J.
Published: August 2010

Estudio de un sistema formado por la interacción de la explotación de ganado vacuno, muy representativa del sector agrario de Galicia y la vivienda familiar vinculada a ésta.
Se analizaron 94 variables estudiadas sobre una base de 103 explotaciones, encontrándose 4 componentes principales representativos del sistema.
Esto ha permitido establecer una tipología de las explotaciones ganaderas de Galicia en función de parámetros de calidad de vida, determinándose cuales son realmente los factores de diseño que afectan a la misma.
Una prospectiva de las tecnologías de las estructuras espaciales. Los puentes
Authors: Sanmartín A.
Published: August 2010

El objetivo de este artículo es intentar predecir las tendencias en esta clase tan importante de estructuras espaciales. Trata en primer lugar acerca de los mecanismos para el desarrollo de los puentes. A continuación se describe la evolución de los diferentes componentes de la tecnología de los puentes y su repercusión sobre los proyectos. Posteriormente se muestran algunos ejemplos representativos de proyectos actuales de puentes.
La transfiguración de la aldea
Authors: Fernández Alba A.
Published: August 2010

No hay más remedio que hablar del final de un siglo que aún se debate entre la esperanza del progreso y los ensayos por hacer del proyecto de la arquitectura en la ciudad, la configuración de unos espacios donde sus relaciones de producción material y simbólica fueran coherentes con su destino, expectativas en realidad que han recorrido todo este tiempo con la esperanza de ver construida la realidad de muchos de los supuestos ideológicos y propuestas que tuvieron su origen en el s. XIX. Tiempo recorrido, simétrico de anhelos y expectativas, siglo frágil invadido de tantas innovaciones como acusadas catástrofes. Los aromas del espíritu milenarista nos retrotraen a equilibrar los excesos que han representado las dinámicas evolutivas de nuestro tiempo, en un balance que hace tal vez más elocuente los vacíos que muchas de las referencias edificadas.
El método del profesor Joahnsen para el cálculo de placas. Informes de la Construcción Nº 27, 1951
Authors: Monge F. G.
Published: August 2010

En este artículo se exponen los principios básicos en que se fundó lo teoría del profesor Joahnsen para el cálculo de placas de cualquier formo, exponiéndose sus ventajas sobre los métodos clásicos de cálculo.
Nuestro peligro y nuestra salvación. Informes de la Construcción N° 114, 1959
Authors: Neutra R. J.
Published: August 2010

No disponible
Iglesia en Montevideo. Templo parroquial de Atlántida. Informes de la Construcción N° 127, 1961
Authors: Dieste y Montañez E.
Published: August 2010

No disponible
Arrecifes artificiales: estructuras llenas de vida
Authors: Gayo Romero J. L.
Published: August 2010

La sobrexplotación de los recursos pesqueros naturales, la escasez de caladeros cercanos a nuestras costas, el incumplimiento reiterado de las normativas reguladoras de la pesca de arrastre, etc., son algunos de los principales problemas de las costas españolas.
La ingeniería civil, contribuye con sus conocimientos y dentro de un equipo interdisciplinar, al restablecimiento, si no total en parte, del equilibrio natural de nuestros fondos marinos, mediante la creación de arrecifes artificiales. Se describen la metodología utilizada para el diseño de proyectos de arrecifes artificiales, así como la descripción, ejecución de las obras y los cálculos de las estructuras.
Acuario de La Coruña, "Casa de los Peces"
Authors: Barrio J. M. , Valverde J. M.
Published: August 2010

El objeto de este proyecto es dar respuesta a los objetivos del Ayuntamiento de La Coruña en relación al concurso convocado, en base al cual, el Ayuntamiento de La Coruña tiene la voluntad de crear un complejo museístico sobre la vida marina, que se denominará "Casa de los Peces".
Localización de las construcciones en el ámbito rural Ante la protección del paisaje
Authors: García Moruno L. , Hernández Blanco J. , Ayuga Téllez F. , García Navarro J.
Published: August 2010

El presente artículo, constituye un estudio teórico apoyado en los sistemas de información geográfica, sobre la localización espacial de las construcciones. Ésta es una variable básica para el diseño y la consecución de una adecuada integración en el entorno. La influencia de este parámetro aparece como un factor fundamental capaz de afectar a la calidad del paisaje (García, 1998).
El último que apague
Authors: Puente R. , Rodríguez Lorite M. A.
Published: August 2010

Se establece un estudio comparativo entre aquellos sistemas de alumbrado existentes en los edificios de oficinas de antaño y los de ahora, donde la alta tecnología imperante augura un fiituro prometedor.
Sistema distribuido para monitorización y control integrado de edificios
Authors: Gomes L. , Steiger-Garção A.
Published: August 2010

Los trabajos que se presentan en este artículo se relacionan con la aplicación de la tecnología de información en el concepto de edificio inteligente. Será propuesto un sistema distribuido destinado a la monitorización y control integrado del edificio. El sistema puede también servir de apoyo para actividades económicas y servicios. El concepto de domot se presenta (domot = “domus" + "robot") como el tercer inquilino activo del edificio, coexistiendo con los usuarios y administradores siendo capaz de manejar recursos estando a disposición del otro usuario.
El sistema se basa en la definición de dos tipos de modelo de estructura, que se utilizarán como referencia para las partes de hardware y software del sistema. El modelo de referencia de la parte software se basa en una red distribuida heterogénea de puestos de trabajo, ejecutando un conjunto de procesos en que la comunicación entre ellos es basada en el paradigma del cliente-servidor. El modelo de referencia de la parte hardware se basa en una estructura con dos niveles de redes; el primero se utiliza para la comunicación entre los puestos de trabajo de alto nivel (destinados a la supervisión y monitorización) y el segundo estará destinado a garantizar la comunicación entre los controladores de bajo nivel. Estos dos tipos de modelos constituyen la base para una implementación robusta y abierta de una infraestructura que pueda ser utilizada para las actividades económicas y también para los deseos de usuarios individuales, permitiendo progresos sinérgicos.
La interfaz de usuario, que se puede utilizar en cualquier lugar del mundo en que esté disponible una conexión TCP-IP, está estructurada jerárquicamente; se proporcionan información y diálogos específicos para la monitorización y control de los diversos tipos de dispositivos y gestión de los mismos y sistemas que estén instalados en el edificio. Los sistemas ya integrados son: detección de intrusos, CCTV y PABX. El control de acceso, aire acondicionado y calefacción, iluminación se añadirán en un futuro próximo.
Optimización de los costes de implementación de un sistema domótico según parámetros físico-geográficos
Authors: Tapiador Fuentes Francisco J. , Casanova Roque José Luis
Published: August 2010

Considerar ciertos factores físicos y geográficos puede suponer un ahorro importante a la hora de instalar un sistema domótico, además de contribuir a la eficacia del sistema y a su mantenimiento. Cuestiones como la localización del edificio, la consideración de parámetros meteorológico-climáticos, la radiación solar e incluso el análisis social mediante un SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica) pueden ser importantes a la hora de diseñar la implementación de un proyecto domótico y han de ser ponderados, ante lo necesariamente limitado del presupuesto.
Tecnología previa a la restauración de edificios históricos
Authors: Jurado Jiménez Francisco
Published: August 2010

En este artículo se trata de hacer una descripción de las herramientas y técnicas que se utilizan, o están disponibles, en todas las fases de trabajo anteriores a la propia restauración de un edificio histórico, desde la toma de datos inicial hasta la ejecución de la obra, pasando por la redacción del proyecto correspondiente.
Refuerzo del encepado de la pila 3 del puente de las Pías
Authors: González Serrano A. , Castillo Linares A. , Molezum Rebellón R.
Published: August 2010

En esta publicación se describe el método que se utilizó para reparar el encepado de la pila 3 del puente de las Pías, que estaba ejecutado con un hormigón muy débil, prácticamente sin resistencia, en algunas zonas del encepado.
Prefabricación
Authors: Eymar J. M.
Published: August 2010

Se han utilizado en la construcción del nuevo edificio del Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y del Cemento, algunos sistemas constructivos que han exigido la fabricación en taller de elementos tales como cercos de hormigón para ventanas, losas de forjado, gárgolas para desagües de cubierta, placas de cielorraso, conductos para aire acondicionado, etc, etc. En el presente artículo se exponen los tipos de estas piezas y el sistema adoptado para su fabricación y montaje.
Organización de obra
Authors: Arredondo F.
Published: August 2010

Se describe el sistema empleado para la construcción del nuevo edificio del Instituto, presentando gráficos de la marcha de la obra.
Se incluye relación de suministradores, así como los principales materiales empleados.
Iluminación Artificial
Authors: Oñate V.
Published: August 2010

Se describen las instalaciones de alumbrado, tanto exterior como interior, indicando las bases de partida que han servido para proyectarlas.
Influencia del tipo de hormigón y de acero, y de las características geométricas de la estructura, en los costes de materiales y en la superficie ocupada por los pilares en estructuras de edificios de hormigón armado con forjado unidireccional
Authors: Gómez Hermoso J. , Fernández Gómez J.
Published: August 2010

La experiencia en el proyecto y ejecución de estructuras de edificación permite afirmar que, en un porcentaje muy elevado de ocasiones, se encuentran constituidas por pórticos de hormigón armado y forjados unidireccionales. Este hecho ha sido la causa fundamental que ha motivado el desarrollo de este estudio sistemático sobre la influencia que en estas estructuras puede tener el tipo de hormigón y acero utilizados, persiguiendo como objetivo final facilitar unos criterios para la definición geométrica de la estructura y la elección de materiales.
Se ha procedido al cálculo de 80 edificios clasificados en función de la altura (bajo, medio y alto, con 5, 12 y 20 plantas tipo sobre rasante, respectivamente), el tipo de hormigón (H175, H200, H250, H300, H400 y H500), el tipo de acero (AEH400 y AEH500), la luz entre pilares (corta y larga, con 5,00 y 6,00 m, respectivamente) y el canto del forjado (24, 26 y 29 cm, siendo la viga plana).
Tras la obtención de los resultados (presentados en una serie de tablas y gráficos), se realiza un análisis de los costes del material (hormigón y acero) y de la superficie ocupada por los pilares.
The alkali–aggregate reaction for various aggregates used in concrete
Authors: Gadea J. , Soriano J. , Martín A. , Campos P. L. , Rodríguez A. , Junco C. , Adán I. , Calderón V.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the interactions between aggregates and the components of the interstitial phase of concrete and to determine whether those aggregates that are subsequently used in the manufacture of concrete are reagents and are therefore likely to undergo a progressive deterioration of their initial properties.

An initial petrographic study of each aggregate is performed in order to be able to determine its subsequent behaviour and reactivity under the influence of various factors. The potential reactivity of different silicaceous aggregates (slates, gneiss, hornfels, granites, quartzite and serpentine) is then determined by a chemical method for evaluating the potential reactivity of aggregates and an accelerated method in mortar specimens, and finally the surface reactivity is investigated.

The results of these studies suggest that some aggregates are able to react with the components of the interstitial phase of concrete. The existence of this kind of interaction is confirmed by the results of the surface investigations before and after the basic reaction.
Phase Transformation in Ni-Ti Shape Memory and Superelastic Alloys Subjected to High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Mahesh Karimbi Koosappa , Braz Fernandes Francisco M. , Gurau Gheorghe
Published: August 2010

A systematic study on the phase transformation of Ni-Ti shape memory and superelastic alloys subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) – High Pressure Torsion (HPT) technique has been carried out. Ni-Ti alloys of three compositions were chosen for the study. Specimens of these alloys in as-received (AR) condition and after HPT have been subjected to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. In this study, while comparing the results of DSC thermograms and XRD spectra for the same sample conditions, some differences were observed. In the case of NiTi-H alloy after HPT, there appeared one stage phase transformation with DSC both while heating and cooling suggesting Martensite↔Austenite transformation but, with respect to XRD spectra while cooling, at the intermediate temperature of 55°C, the R-phase peaks corresponding to (1 1 2)R and (3 0 0)R planes appeared. In the thermogram obtained for the NiTi-B alloy subjected to HPT, it is observed that, while cooling, the Austenite to R-phase transformation is merged with R-phase to Martensite transformation. The results of the XRD obtained at -180°C show the presence of R-phase along with M-phase. The DSC curve of the NiTi-S alloy subjected to HPT corresponds to one stage phase transformation both while heating and cooling but, the diffractogram of the sample obtained at -180°C corresponds to the presence of both R-phase and M-phase.
HALE UAV Composite Wing Structure Design
Authors: Lee Myoung Keon , Cho Chang Min , Jang Se Yong
Published: August 2010

HALE (High Altitude Long Endurance) UAVs are aircraft systems for surveillance and reconnaissance for over 25 hours. Most of UAVs consist of fuselage and high aspect ratio wing because of long-endurance flight mission. The structural weight of HALE UAV is one of the most critical design requirements. In addition, the structural stiffness for the high aspect ratio wing is another critical design requirement because the UAV has to keep the minimum clearance between wing tip and ground when the UAV is being towed. For above design requirements, the wing structure of the UAV has been designed by intermediate modulus Gr/Ep composite materials. The goal of this research is to present the optimized design concepts for the composite wing structure of the UAV. Although there are many design parameters for the composite structure of the aircraft, this research is focused on composite structure strength and buckling analysis for the plate type structures, such as cover panel skins and spar webs, which are loaded in in-plane shear and/or compression. This research presents that the wing structural weight can be reduced when the material allowables based on tape laminate are applied instead of unidirectional lamina allowables. For the buckling analysis, this report has a trade off study to find an optimized lay-up design and stacking sequence with 0°, ±45° and 90° plies. This research shows that the critical buckling load is a function of the number of ±45° plies and the position of the ±45° plies through the laminate thickness using a typical Gr/Ep composite tape material. The structural design of the UAV composite wing regarding buckling analysis is more effective when the laminates are stacked up with high percent of ±45° plies and the ±45° plies are located toward outside through the laminate.
Solid Particle Erosion of UHMWPE Filled Aramid Fabric-Epoxy Hybrid Composites
Authors: Mohan N. , Natarajan S. , Kumaresh Babu S.P. , Siddaramaiah  , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2010

The effect of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) on solid particle erosion behaviour of aramid fabric reinforced-epoxy (A-E) hybrid composites was investigated. The aramid fabric reinforced-epoxy hybrid composites have been fabricated with and with out UHMWPE filler. The solid particle erosive wear was evaluated at different impingement angles from 300 to 90 0 at constant velocity and at constant standoff distance .The silica sand of size 30 -50 and 60 -80 μm was used as erodent. The results show erosive rate of UHMWPE filled aramid- epoxy composite shows lowest value. The presence of UHMWPE in epoxy matrix gives good bonding between filler and matrix. The morphologies of eroded surface were examined by the SEM in order to establish the erosion mechanism of the composites.
Effect of Carbon Fillers on the Performance of a Composite Bipolar Plate for Fuel Cells
Authors: Lee Jin Sun , Yoo Gye Hyoung , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2010

The bipolar plates were fabricated using compression molding of graphite (GR), carbon black (CB), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), carbon fibers (CF) and powder type epoxy resin. The electrical conductivity and flexural properties of the composites was increased with increasing the content of fibrous conducting fillers e.g., MWNTs and CF. However, when particulate fillers such as CB and GR were used, the electrical conductivity was increased, but the flexural properties deteriorated with increasing filler content up to certain content. A comparison was also made between the current-voltage (I-V) performances of fabricated composite bipolar plates and commercial graphite bipolar plate. The I-V characteristic in single cell test exhibited more uniform power density at both higher and lower current density and single cell performance increased with increasing the electrical conductivity.
Preparation of Primary-Amine Functionalized Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) Membrane for Fuel Cells
Authors: Hien Nguyen Thi Xuan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Hong Ki , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2010

Acid doped polybenzimidazole membrane has been prepared for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The present work aims at improving the proton conductivity without losing mechanical properties at high doping level by modifying poly (2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI). The nitration of ABPBI has been carried out with acid mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 at 30oC. This nitro compound has been reduced successfully by stannous chloride/dimethylacetamide in presence of hydrochloric acid. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirm the presence of primary amine groups in the ABPBI structure. The primary amine functionalized ABPBI has been cross-linked by hexamethylene diisocyanate and casted onto glass Petridis using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Membrane doped with phosphoric acid shows comparatively higher proton conductivity, but lower tensile strength.
Assessment of Extruded Wood Plastic Composite Decking Materials
Authors: Jayaraman Krishnan , Foong Ying Leong , Tam Tsun Hei
Published: August 2010

Wastes such as saw dust (Pinus Radiata) and milk bottles (High Density Polyethylene - HDPE) are available in abundance. Composite decking materials, consisting of different weight percentages (60%, 70% and 80%) of saw dust and recovered HDPE, were extruded using a co-rotating, conical, twin screw extruder with a decking-profile die. The extruded decking materials were evaluated on their surface finish and shape conformance. The extruded decking materials were tested in accordance with the appropriate ASTM standards to determine their water absorption, thickness swell, static coefficient of friction, weathering and flexural (four-point bending) properties after they met the required quality ratings.
Durability of Broken Concrete Specimens Strengthened with CFRP Sheets
Authors: Lee Ming Ju , Lee Ming Gin , Huang Yi Shuo , Liang Yang Hsin
Published: August 2010

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are thin laminates that are externally bonded to broken concrete specimens using an epoxy system to increase their load-carrying capacity in this study. This paper reports the test results of broken concrete specimens strengthened with CFRP sheets and subjected to two aggressive environments including ultraviolet (UV) and freeze-thaw cycles.
Test results revealed that three different CFRP layers are effective in retrofit on the broken compressive or flexural concrete specimens. The broken concrete specimens repaired with an epoxy and CFRP system could improve their compressive strength, flexural strength or ductility. Both aggressive environment tests didn’t cause obvious degradation to hardness index, compressive or flexural strength. The flexural specimens used half-U coating and anchorage systems were much higher strength than those only wrapped with CFRP sheets on the flat surface.
Highly Transparent and Conductive Graphene Electrode
Authors: Bae Seo Yoon , Jeon In Yup , Baek Jong Beom
Published: August 2010

The solvent-based exfoliation of graphite, including into graphene and/or graphene-like platelets, is an important challenge. Here, we report a “direct” Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction between graphite and 4-ethylbenzoic acid (EBA) to afford edge-functionalized graphite (EFG). Unlike, for example, graphite oxide (GO), the functionalization is at the edges of the graphite and thus, the basal plane of individual layers in EFG is not functionalized. The EFG can be easily dispersed and exfoliated in common organic solvents to concentrations as high as 0.8 mg/mL. Large-are uniform films can be produced by solution-casting such dispersions on substrates and conductivities as high as 125 S/cm can be obtained by subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C under argon atmosphere. Hence, a few layers graphene obtained from annealing under argon atmosphere show the potential to replace Indium tin oxide (ITO).
Fully Degradable Jute Fiber Reinforced Polylactide Composites Applicable to Car Interior Panel
Authors: Hu Rui Hua , Jang Mi Hye , Kim Yon Jig , Piao Ying Jun , Lim Jae Kyoo
Published: August 2010

In this research, short jute fiber reinforced polylactide composite, unidirectional long fiber reinforced polylactide composite and a sandwich structure polylactide composite were fabricated and the mechanical properties were tested. The mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were compared with those of a prototype spare tyre compartment cover of a passenger car. Tensile strength and flexural strength of all the composites are higher than those of the spare tyre compartment cover. The results show that the polylactide composites are applicable to car interior plates.
Interfacial Optimization of Lyocell Fabric/PLA with Silane Treatments
Authors: Kim Mi Mi , Kim Byung Sun , Ha Jong Rok , Kim Seul Ki , Yi Jin Woo , Lim Joong Yeon
Published: August 2010

In order to improve the interfacial bonding with polylactic acid, Lyocell fabric’s surfaces were treated with various silanes. The silanes applied were aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, respectively. Silane was chosen since hydroxyl group (-OH) in silane always reacts with -OH in Lyocell fabric. As received fabric’s sizing was with a solution containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly acrylic acid (PAA) and water at the ratio of 3 : 1 : 96. Highest peel test results was obtained with 3wt% silane concentration (3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane). Highest tensile strength was obtained with 2wt% silane concentration (3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane). Tensile tests were carried out before analyzing the fracture surface of the composites by scanning electron microscope. FT-IR run confirmed the silane on the surface of fabric.
Optimization of Deposition Conditions for CNTs/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Multiscale Composites via Taguchi Method
Authors: Wang Yi Qi , Ku Hyoun Kon , Byun Joon Hyung , Song Jung Il
Published: August 2010

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was applied to deposit carbon nanotubes on a carbon fabric. Optimization of EPD conditions was investigated to improve electrical conductivity for CNTs/carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites by Taguchi method. Based on design of experiment, a L9(3)4 orthogonal array was chosen to conduct experiments. Due to the electrical conductivity of composites increased with the increasing content of CNTs in composites, it was selected as the response on the analysis of the means (ANOM) and the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine the distribution of CNTs on the surface of a carbon fabric. The statistical software MINITAB 14 was utilized to determine the optimal deposition conditions.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Ashori Alireza
Published: August 2010

In this study, the effect of wood fiber concentrations on the mechanical properties of composites, prepared by using MAPP as the coupling agent, was investigated. In the sample preparation, four levels of fiber loading and three compounding temperatures were used. Most major changes in composite performance occurred at fiber contents above 30 wt%.The results clearly showed that the fiber loading of 30 and 40 wt% at 190oC was provided adequate reinforcement to increase the tensile and flexural strength of the PP powder. The modulus also increased with increasing the fiber content, because poplar fibers are believed to be more rigid than polymer. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in a decrease in elongation and impact properties of the composites.
Evaluation of Composites Containing Hollow Ni/Fe-Co Fibers on Near-Field Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties
Authors: Yi Jin Woo , Lee Sang Bok , Kim Jin Bong , Lee Sang Kwan , Kim Ki Hyeon , Park O Ok
Published: August 2010

In order to develop an effective near-field electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber, we have fabricated polymeric thin films including hollow metallic microfibers. Hydrolyzed polymer micro fibers (~2.5 ㎛) were used as a substrate material for the electroless metal plating. Nickel and subsequent Fe-Co metal layers were coated on the surface of activated polymer fibers and then heat treatment for the hollow structure as well as the densification of metallic layers was performed under the Argon atmosphere. Unlike conventional particulate or flaky metal powders, these fibers can play a significant role in elevating the magnetic property of polymer films, resulting in the increased efficiency of EM absorbing properties. In addition, their hollow structure can also lower their apparent density. SEM and EDS analysis were carried out to verify the morphology and metal compositions. Polymeric thin films containing hollow Ni/Fe-Co micro fibers were prepared to investigate the effect of metal compositions, filler distribution and heat treatment conditions on not only the near-field absorbing performance, but also magnetic properties such as permeability and magnetization. For the measurement of near-field EM absorbance in the frequency range of ~6GHz, micro strip line and network analyzer were used.
Fractal Carbon Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Cheng Jin , Zou Xiao Ping , Yang Gang Qiang , Lü Xue Ming , Wei Cui Liu , Sun Zhe , Feng Hong Ying , Yang Yuan
Published: August 2010

Fractal carbon films deposited on copper plate by ethanol chemical vapor deposition are reported. In order to prepare fractal carbon films, iron nitrate was employed as catalyst precursor, copper plate as substrate, and ethanol as carbon source materials. The as-prepared carbon films were characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The thickness of the film was a few micrometers. According to Raman spectrum, we know the films exhibit low graphitization. According to SEM observation, we find that there are many protuberances with nanometer scale tips on the film surface. Due to direct growth on metal substrate and many nanometer scale tips, it has potential application that is fit for electron source in vacuum devices.
Preparation and Characterization of Blends Derived from Waste Polypropylene and Crumb Rubber Powder
Authors: Jose Jobin , Nag A. , Nando G.B. , Nah C.
Published: August 2010

An attempt has been made in this study to modify the crumb rubber powder (CRP) surface with maleic anhydride (MA) and thereby improving its adhesion with waste polypropylene (WPP) after melt blending. The modification results in grafting of CRP onto the WPP matrix. The mechanical strength properties of the surface modified CRP-WPP blends increased. This implied improved interaction between WPP and CRP. The increase in decomposition rate as well as the decrease in viscosity under processing conditions for the blends indicates the formation of a copolymer interface between WPP and CRP as a result of CRP modification. A smooth and stable morphology was also found in case of blends of WPP with modified CRP.
Preparation and Corrosion Protection Effect of Electroactive Polyurethane Containing Amino-Capped Aniline Trimer
Authors: Peng Chih Wei , Yeh Jui Ming
Published: August 2010

Electroactive polyurethane (EPU) containing conjugated segments of electroactive amino-capped aniline trimer (ACAT) has been successfully synthesized and characterized through Fourier-Transformation infrared and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. Subsequently, electroactivity (i.e., redox capability) of as-prepared EPU was investigated by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies.
It was noticed that the as-prepared EPU exhibited reversible redox capability was found to reveal better corrosion protection effect on cold-rolled steel (CRS) electrodes than that of non-electroactive polyurethane based on a series of electrochemical measurements such as corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies in 5 wt-% NaCl electrolyte. This significant enhancement of corrosion protection on CRS electrodes as compared to non-electroactive polyurethane might be probably ascribed to the redox catalytic property of as-prepared EPU coatings inducing the formation of passive layer of metal oxide, as evidenced by the SEM and ESCA studies.
Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Rice Husk Silica (RHS)/ Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) Composites: Effect of Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Phosee Jirapa , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Suppakarn Nitinat
Published: August 2010

In this work, rice husk silica (RHS), obtained from rice husk waste, was used as a reinforcing filler for preparing PBAT composites. The RHS surface was modified using a silane coupling agent, i.e. γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), in order to facilitate interfacial adhesion between PBAT matrix and RHS filler. The contents of MPS were varied between 0.5 - 5.0 % based on weight of RHS. FTIR spectra indicated the appearance of MPS molecules on RHS surface. Untreated RHS and MPS treated RHS were used to produced RHS/PBAT composites containing 30%wt RHS. The results showed that mechanical properties of the PBAT composites can be enhanced by treating RHS surface with 2 %wt MPS.
Bidirectional Oriented Magnetite-Coated Graphite Nanosheets/Epoxy Nanocomposite with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Anisotropy
Authors: Zhao Wei Feng , Chen Guo Hua
Published: August 2010

Epoxy composites with nanomagnetite-coated graphite nanosheets (GNs) aligned parallel to each other within the matrix were fabricated via magnetic field inducement. The ordered structure of the composite was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The GNs alignment of resulted in anisotropy of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in composite in directions normal and parallel to main plains of the aligned GNs.
Novel Multiferroic Lead-Free BaTiO3/FeBSi Composite Films
Authors: Zhou Zhen Zhen , Hou Deng Lu , Ma Li , Zhen Cong Mian
Published: August 2010

“Green” multiferroic BaTiO3/FeBSi composite films were grown by pulsed laser deposition and ion beam sputtering on general Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Room temperature X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering show that the crystal structures of BaTiO3 and FeBSi are tetragonal and amorphous, respectively, and no additional or intermediate phase peaks appears in the composite films. A cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy image clearly demonstrates a 2-2 type structure with sharp interface between the top FeBSi layer and bottom BaTiO3 layer. The magnetic properties of the top FeBSi are obviously modified by the bottom BaTiO3. The composite films show obvious ferroelectric feature.
Poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene)-Dye-Coupled Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Spoljaric Steven , Shanks Robert A.
Published: August 2010

Dye-coupled polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were prepared and the coloured POSS particles were ultrasonically solution dispersed in poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS). POSS molecules contained either isobutyl or phenyl groups to provide selective compatibility with either the soft (butadiene) or hard (styrene) phase within the block copolymer. The composition and thermal stability were characterised using thermogravimetry. Colour coordinates were measured. Tensile mechanical properties, creep and recovery were determined. Creep was modeled using the 4-element model of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt, while recovery correlated with the stretched-exponential function of Kohlrausch, Williams and Watts.
Stiffness Reduction of Woven CFRP and CFRTP Spring under Ultra High Cyclic Fatigue for Vibration Conveyor
Authors: Yoshi Takahiko , Okubo Kazuya , Fujii Toru
Published: August 2010

This paper investigated the stiffness reduction of the plate spring made of CFRP (Carbon cloth and epoxy) subjected to ultra high cyclic fatigue loading under high relative humidity. For practical uses, this paper proposes a new design which prevents the significant degradation with stiffness change of the plate spring at high humidity. Remarkable stiffness reduction of the plate spring due to cracks and delaminations around inter layer could be prevented by using CFRTP rather than that by using CFRP, when ultra high cyclic loading was applied to the plate spring under high humidity condition.
Ceramifying Fire-Retardant and Fire-Barrier Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Shanks Robert A. , Wong Susan , Preston Christopher M.L.
Published: August 2010

Fire-barrier performance is an important property where the polymer composite can continue to provide a barrier to spread of fire after the polymer has burned. In this work a barrier is created by formation of a self-supporting ceramic from the inorganic fillers, over a temperature range where the polymer undergoes thermal degradation. Thermogravimetry showed that degradation of the unsaturated polyester resin left a residual char that subsequently degraded in parrale with reactions of the fire-retardants and ceramifying flux.
ZnO Porous Plate Films Application in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lü Xue Ming , Zou Xiao Ping , Cheng Jin , Teng Gong Qing , Meng Xiang Min , Sun Zhe , Yang Gang Qiang , Wei Cui Liu , Feng Hong Ying , Yang Yuan
Published: August 2010

As a kind of semiconducting and promising material, ZnO has been extensively used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) has more potential to increase the efficiency of solar cells compared with DSSCs. Here we developed a simple and effective way to fabricate ZnO porous plate films by electrochemical deposition and anneal in air on ITO-coated glass substrates. CdS quantum dots were attached to the surface of the porous plate films by chemical bath deposition technique. Quantum dot-sensitized ZnO porous plate films solar cells exhibited short-circuit current ranging from 0.22-0.57mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 0.42 -0.57V when illuminated with 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM 1.5 G irradiation.
A Pilot Study on the Flexural Properties of Vinyl Ester Composites Filled with Glass Powder
Authors: Ku Harry , Trada Mohan , Huq Rezwanul
Published: August 2010

Vinyl ester resin was filled with of glass powder with a view to increasing the flexural strength of the composites for civil and structural applications by a research Centre on composites, University of Southern Queensland (USQ). In order to reduce costs, the Centre wishes to fill as much glass powder as possible to the resin subject to maintaining sufficient strength of the composites in civil and structural applications. This project varies the percentage by weight of the glass powder in the composites, which are then subjected to flexural tests. The flexural strength and strain of the glass powder filled vinyl ester composites decreased with increasing filler content but the flexural modulus was highest at 20 w/t % of glass powder. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the fractured samples and it was found that the fractured surfaces examined were correlated with the flexural properties.
Experimental Analysis of Polymerization Shrinkage of Dental Restoration Material in Cavities
Authors: Arakawa Kazuo
Published: August 2010

The polymerization shrinkage of light-cured composite resin, a dental restoration material, was studied using three different experimental methods. Digital image correlation method was used to examine the shrinkage deformation on the free surface of artificial cylindrical cavities. X-ray CT images and the digital image correlation were employed to measure the shrinkage deformation in the cavities. The shrinkage force was measured at the floor of the cavity using a load-cell, and evaluated as functions of time and the depth of the cavity.
Preparation and Characterization of Gamma Radiation Cured Gelatin-PVA Bio-Blend
Authors: Khan Mubarak Ahmad , Rahman Nazia , Rahman M.
Published: August 2010

Gelatin-PVA blend films of different compositions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% of PVA) were prepared by casting. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the films were studied. The TS and Eb of pure gelatin films were found to be 32 MPa and 3.3% respectively. The films were irradiated under different gamma radiation dose (50 Krad, 100 Krad, 150 Krad, 250 Krad, 500 Krad). 5% PVA containing gelatin films irradiated under 100 Krad gamma radiation showed highest TS of 42 MPa and highest Eb of 4.2%. Thermal property of the films was studied by Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The grafting of PVA onto gelatin is studied by IR. In order to study surface morphology SEM study was undertaken.
Preparation and Characterization of Starch/PVA Blend for Biodegradable Packaging Material
Authors: Parvin Fahmida , Rahman Md. Arifur , Islam Jahid M.M. , Khan Mubarak Ahmad , Saadat A.H.M.
Published: August 2010

Polymer films of rice starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting method. Different blends were made varying the concentration of rice starch and PVA. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were studied. Films made up of rice starch and PVA with a ratio of 2:8 showed highest TS. 10% sugar was added with highest TS giving four composition of Starch/PVA blend in order to increase TS and Eb. Films made up of rice starch and PVA and sugar with a ratio of 1:8:1 showed highest TS and Eb and the recorded value was 14.96MPa and 637% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared sugar incorporated films were improved by grafting with acrylic monomer with the aid of UV radiation. A formulation was prepared with monomer, methylmethacrylat in methanol, and a photo initiator. The highest TS of the grafted films were recorded and the value was 16.38 MPa. The water uptake and weight loss in both soil and water of the grafted films are lower than the non-grafted films. The prepared films were further characterized with stereo micrograph and XRD. Finally, the produced film can be used as biodegradable packaging materials for shopping and garbage bags that are very popular and environment friendly.
Preparation and In Vivo Study of an Anti-Infective Highly Volatile Wound Dressing Material
Authors: Khan Mubarak Ahmad , Islam Jahid M.M. , Rahman Md. Arifur , Shekhar H.U.
Published: August 2010

In this research, a highly volatile membrane forming solution of gelatin with quick membrane forming property (30 sec) was prepared to investigate the suitability of solution spray system in the treatment of wound at dermal surface. A nontoxic Aromatic Ketone (AK) and a highly volatile solvent (VS) were introduced in gelatin solution to ensure high volatility. The solution was subjected to antibiotic dosing using Ciprofloxacin to ensure its anti-infectiveness. The pH of the raw gelatin solution and the highly volatile gelatin solution were 4.95 and 6.17 respectively. Viscosity of gelatin/AK/VS solution was 62.12mPa.s. Wound healing characteristic of the highly volatile solution (gelatin/AK/VS) was evaluated using a rat (Rattus norvegicus) model. Full-thickness wounds were created on the ventral side of the Rattus norvegicus and were dressed with the volatile solution and “eco-plaster” (control). Wound healing and bioadhesion were monitored in 3-days interval. The results revealed that prepared volatile solution was more effective in preventing blood loss as well as healing wounds than the conventional wound dresser.
Study of Raman Spectrum of Fe Doped CeO2 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Prakash Ram , Kumar Shalendra , Lee Chan Gyu , Sharma S.K. , Knobel Marcelo , Song Jung Il
Published: August 2010

Ce1-xFexO2 (x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.0 5) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition technique on Si and LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. These films were deposited in vacuum and 200 mTorr oxygen partial pressure for both the substrates. These films were characterized by x-ray diffraction XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements. XRD results reveal that these films are single phase. Raman results show F2g mode at ~466 cm-1 and defect peak at 489 cm-1 for film that deposited on LAO substrates, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is increasing with Fe doping for films deposited on both the substrates.