bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canadian Multicenter Chronic Total Occlusion Registry: Ten-Year Follow-Up Results of Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization
Authors: Strauss Bradley H. , Knudtson Merril L. , Cheema Asim N. , Galbraith P. Diane , Elbaz-Greener Gabby , Abuzeid Wael , Henning Kayley A. , Qiu Feng , Wijeysundera Harindra C.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Chronic total occlusions (CTO) occur in nearly 20% of coronary angiograms. CTO revascularization, either by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), is infrequently performed, approximately one-third of cases. Long-term outcomes are unknown. The objective of the study was to determine whether early CTO revascularization of patients, either by CABG or PCI, was associated with improved clinical outcomes.

Methods:

One thousand six hundred twenty-four patients from the Canadian CTO registry were followed for at least 9.75 years. Revascularization was performed according to routine clinical practice. Patients were grouped according to CTO revascularization status (PCI or CABG of CTO vessel, CTO revasc) or no CTO revasc (medical therapy only, or PCI/CABG of non-CTO vessels only), within 3 months of initial angiogram. Patients were followed for mortality, revascularization procedures (PCI and CABG), and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndromes and heart failure.

Results:

Early CTO revasc was performed in 28.2% of patients (17.5% CABG, 10.7% PCI). The CTO revasc group was younger, with more males and generally fewer comorbidities. There was a significantly lower mortality probability at 10 years in the CTO revascularization group (22.7% [95% CI, 19.0%–26.9%]) compared with the no CTO revasc group (36.6% [95% CI, 33.8%–39.5%]). At 10 years, revascularization rates (14.0% versus 22.8%) and acute coronary syndrome hospitalization rates (10.0% versus 16.6%) were significantly lower in the CTO revasc group. Baseline-adjusted analysis showed CTO revasc was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.54–0.84]). In both landmark and time varying analyses, association with lower mortality was particularly robust for CTO revascularization by CABG (hazard ratio 0.56 and 0.60, respectively), with a marginally significant result for PCI in the time varying analysis (hazard ratio 0.711 [95% CI, 0.51–0.998]).

Conclusions:

Early CTO revascularization was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality, revascularization rates, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome at 10 years, and mainly driven by outcomes in patients with CABG.
Connectomic analysis of Alzheimer’s disease using percolation
theory
Authors: Kotlarz Parker , Nino Juan C. , Febo Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that affects a growing worldwide elderly population. Identification of brain functional biomarkers is expected to help determine preclinical stages for targeted mechanistic studies and development of therapeutic interventions to deter disease progression. Connectomic analysis, a graph theory–based methodology used in the analysis of brain-derived connectivity matrices was used in conjunction with percolation theory targeted attack model to investigate the network effects of AD-related amyloid deposition. We used matrices derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging collected on mice with extracellular amyloidosis (TgCRND8 mice, n = 17) and control littermates (n = 17). Global, nodal, spatial, and percolation-based analysis was performed comparing AD and control mice. These data indicate a short-term compensatory response to neurodegeneration in the AD brain via a strongly connected core network with highly vulnerable or disconnected hubs. Targeted attacks demonstrated a greater vulnerability of AD brains to all types of attacks and identified progression models to mimic AD brain functional connectivity through betweenness centrality and collective influence metrics. Furthermore, both spatial analysis and percolation theory identified a key disconnect between the anterior brain of the AD mice to the rest of the brain network.
Serpent Handling: Toward a Cognitive Account – Honoring the Scholarship of Ralph W. Hood Jr.
Authors: Coleman Thomas J. , Silver Christopher F. , Jong Jonathan
Published: December 2021

The ritual handling of serpents remains an unnoticed cultural form for the explanatory aims and theoretical insights desired by cognitive scientists of religion. In the current article, we introduce the Hood and Williams archives at The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga that contains data culled from Hood’s 40-plus year career of studying serpent handlers. The archives contain hundreds of hours of interviews and recordings of speaking in tongues, handling fire, drinking poison, and taking up serpents by different congregants and congregations. The archive remains a rich but untapped source of data for building, testing, and refining cognitive theories of ritual in general, and serpent handling in specific. We connect Hood’s work to current cognitive theories and engage critically with research on the social functions of ritual. Finally, we discuss several further reasons to pay more attention to SHS communities and practices in cognitive theories of ritual.
The “Catholic” Church in Socrates of Constantinople and Pacian of Barcelona
Authors: Whiting Colin. M.
Published: December 2021

While this article does not presume to answer the old question “Was Socrates of Constantinople a Novatian?”, it does offer a hitherto-unnoticed observation that may bear on the question. Socrates, as has been noted, is very reticent to use the term “catholic” in describing the church in his Historia ecclesiastica. This is unlikely to be a stylistic quirk, as a comparison to the history of Sozomen shows. No one yet has connected his reticence to the Novatian Sympronian, who objects to the same term on theological grounds in letters exchanged with Pacian of Barcelona. Given Socrates’ reluctance to use the term and Novatian’s rejection of the same term, we may well have more evidence suggesting that Socrates was at the very least sympathetic not only to Novatians as a community but to their theological positions as well. In any case, the resistance of both Sympronian and Socrates to the notion of a “catholic” church stands in contrast to the usual interpretation of late antiquity as a period of growing universalism. The article also discusses whether it is even valid to ask whether Socrates was a Novatian or whether this question falls into less useful confessional dichotomies.
A New Family to the ANOC Groups: A Study of Stelae CG 20077 and CG 20098
Authors: Rosell Pablo M.
Published: December 2021

The Middle Kingdom stelae found at Abydos are some of the most important sources of information to analyze and reconstruct Egyptian society. This article aims at providing a study and translation of two Middle Kingdom stelae that are preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza and in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They are stela CG 20077, which belongs to an individual called Nemtu, and stela CG 20098, which belongs to a man called Nemtyemmer. The family relations attested in both stelae suggest that they could be part of the same family group and consequently constitute a new Abydos North Offering Chapel (ANOC). This paper also offers an analysis of the ANOC and proposes that these stelae should be added to the ANOC groups. Lastly, we attempt to identify the social identities represented in both stelae and the possible social and geographical origin of this family.
從浙江江山長汀話探究長汀中部與南部客家話的類型差異
Authors: 吳 中杰 , 張 學年
Published: December 2021

唐末入居福建長汀宣成，北宋中期遷到同縣的戴坊，清初又從戴坊搬到浙江江山廿八都鎮的戴氏移民所操之客家話，究竟在哪些方面保留宣成特色？哪些又是戴坊成分？受到通用於廿八都鎮當地的正話如何的影響？受更大範圍通行的吳語如何的左右？是否有上述因素之外的存古現象或自行演變？本文逐一剖析，以期了解江山長汀話的固有及外來層次、乃至語言演變歷史。以中古音系為間架，記錄長汀三洲鎮戴坊村、宣成鄉藍田村的語料，著重彼等在聲母、韻母、聲調的區別，進而觀察江山長汀話的各種組成部分。援用陳忠敏（2007）的工作方法，來離析出江山長汀話的固有及外來層次，而非推究原始客家話在語音上的出發點；且對於系統性的常規、和個別的非常規語音對應訊息同等重視。此研究經驗顯示，如欲探究特定地點的語言（江山長汀話）演變歷程，要先將在地強勢語言（正話、吳語）造成的影響成分先剔除出來，因為這屬於表層現象。其次和移民原鄉語言比對，有可能超過一種以上（宣成、三洲），因此非常複雜。最後才能確定不是來自原鄉和在地強勢語言的獨特存古或自行演變成分。調查結果能呼應何純惠（2014）紀錄，證明長汀中部與南部客家話，確實各有其特點，韻母、聲調上都具有明顯的類型差異。
Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անուան Մատենադարանի 2020 թուականի հրատարակութիունները
Authors: Hambardzumyan (Հայկ Համբարձումյան) Hayk
Published: December 2021

Ամփոփում

Երևանի Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անուան Մատենադարանը իր գիտակրթական ու թանգարանային գործունէութեանը զուգահեռ իրականացնում է նաև հրատարակչական աշխատանքներ: Մատենադարանում հրատարակութեան պատրաստուող գրքերը ընդգրկում են հումանիտար գիտութիւնների գրեթէ բոլոր ոլորտները՝ պատմագիտութիւն, միջնադարագիտութիւն, հայագիտութիւն, արուեստագիտութիւն, ձեռագրագիտութիւն, գրականագիտութիւն, եւ այլն։ Այս յօդուածը կ՚ամփոփէ 2020 տարուայ տպագրուած այն գիրքերը։ 2020 թուականին և նախորդ տարիներին Մատենադարանում հրատարակուած գրքերի թուային տարբերակները կարելի է ընթերցել www.matenadaran.am կայքի « Թվային գրադարան » բաժնում:
Seed Micromorphology of Eleven Species of Pleione (Orchidaceae)
Authors: WANG ZHONGXUAN , ZHANG HAO , QIN SI , YOU LE , ZHAI JUNWEN , ZHOU ZHUANG , CHEN SHIPIN , CRIBB PHILLIP , PAGE FIONA , WU SHASHA
Published: December 2021

The micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of 11 species of Pleione have been studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to establish whether they are useful for systematic studies of the genus. The quantitative characteristics include seed length (0.237–0.626 μm), seed width (0.053–0.133 μm), seed length/width ratio (2.631–7.279), seed ridge thickness (1.4 E-3–4 E-3μm) and seed volume (1.88 E-4–3.06 E-3 μm3). The cluster analysis result agrees well with the results of previous systematic studies. The cluster analysis shows that: P. coronaria, P. forrestii and P. yunnanensis form a group, while the remaining eight species form a second group, with three subgroups, namely: P. limprichtii, P. pleionoides, P. formosana as group I; P. hookeriana and P. bulbocodioides as group II; and P. praecox, P. scopulorum and P. maculata for group III. All the Pleione species of Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles show the fusion of adjacent seed coat cells into a network. The shape of the seeds of P. praecox and P. maculata are very similar--being oval, and the mesh walls of their adjacent seed coat cells are not fused. Within these sections no clear pattern can be seen between the species, but the addition of further species might clarify the differences between Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles.
Role of Upwind Precipitation in Transboundary Pollution and Secondary Aerosol Formation: A Case Study during the KORUS-AQ Field Campaign
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Min Seung-Ki , Knote Christoph
Published: December 2021

Clouds and precipitation play critical roles in wet removal of aerosols and soluble gases in the atmosphere, and hence their accurate prediction largely influences accurate prediction of air pollutants. In this study, the impacts of clouds and precipitation on wet scavenging and long-range transboundary transport of pollutants are examined during the 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with chemistry. Two simulations—one in which atmospheric moisture is constrained and one in which it is not—are performed and evaluated against surface and airborne observations. The simulation with moisture constraints is found to better reproduce precipitation as well as surface PM2.5, whereas the areal extent and amount of precipitation are overpredicted in the simulation without moisture constraints. As a results of overpredicted clouds and precipitation and consequently overpredicted wet scavenging, PM2.5 concentration is generally underpredicted across the model domain in the simulation without moisture constraints. The effects are significant not only in the precipitating region (upwind region, southern China in this study) but also in the downwind region (South Korea) where no precipitation is observed. The difference in upwind precipitation by 77% on average between the two simulations leads to the difference in PM2.5 by ∼39% both in the upwind and downwind regions. The transboundary transport of aerosol precursors, especially nitric acid, has a considerable impact on ammonium-nitrate aerosol formation in the ammonia-rich downwind region. This study highlights that skillful prediction of atmospheric moisture can have ultimate potential to skillful prediction of aerosols across regions.
Intervening in Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: The Causal Effects of Factual Information on Attitudes toward Immigration
Authors: Abascal Maria , Huang Tiffany J. , Tran Van C.
Published: December 2021

If preferences on immigration policy respond to facts, widespread misinformation poses an obstacle to consensus. Does factual information about immigration indeed affect policy preferences? Are beliefs about immigration’s societal impact the mechanism through which factual information affects support for increased immigration? To address these questions, we conducted an original survey experiment, in which we presented a nationally representative sample of 2,049 Americans living in the United States with facts about immigrants’ English acquisition and immigrants’ impact on crime, jobs, and taxes—four domains with common misperceptions. Three of these factual domains (immigration’s impact on crime, jobs, and taxes) raise overall support for increased immigration. These facts also affect beliefs that are directly relevant to that information. Moreover, those beliefs mediate the effect of factual information on support for increased immigration. By contrast, information about English acquisition affects neither policy preferences nor beliefs about immigration’s impact. Facts can leverage social cognitions to change policy preferences.
How an Interdisciplinary Approach to Narrative Can Support Policymaking on Migration and Integration at the City Level
Authors: Broadhead Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Narrative change and strategic communications are attractive tools for city officials setting policy for integration and migration. These tools allow for the construction and development of shared stories of place-based identity and belonging. Stories about migration often focus on (border) control, the value of the contribution of migrants, and the need for compassion. However, these frames of compassion and control are often oppositional: they can alienate rather than persuade, and they can neglect constituents whose views do not align with the polarities. They also elide other narrative frames, which may appeal to broader groups, particularly those focused on integration and belonging. This article analyzes three cities’ attempts at narrative change strategies that complexify migration narratives with place-based narratives of inclusion. From these case studies, this article identifies practical implications for local policy-makers and sets an interdisciplinary agenda for future research.
Using Nonlinear Kinematic Parameters as a Means of Predicting Motion Sickness in Real-Time in Virtual Environments
Authors: Smart L. James , Drew Anthony , Hadidon Tyler , Teaford Max , Bachmann Eric
Published: December 2021

Objective

This article presents two studies (one simulation and one pilot) that assess a custom computer algorithm designed to predict motion sickness in real-time.

Background

Virtual reality has a wide range of applications; however, many users experience visually induced motion sickness. Previous research has demonstrated that changes in kinematic (behavioral) parameters are predictive of motion sickness. However, there has not been research demonstrating that these measures can be utilized in real-time applications.

Method

Two studies were performed to assess an algorithm designed to predict motion sickness in real-time. Study 1 was a simulation study that used data from Smart et al. (2014). Study 2 employed the algorithm on 28 new participants’ motion while exposed to virtual motion.

Results

Study 1 revealed that the algorithm was able to classify motion sick participants with 100% accuracy. Study 2 revealed that the algorithm could predict if a participant would become motion sick with 57% accuracy.

Conclusion

The results of the present study suggest that the motion sickness prediction algorithm can predict if an individual will experience motion sickness but needs further refinement to improve performance.

Application

The algorithm could be used for a wide array of VR devices to predict likelihood of motion sickness with enough time to intervene.
Trend Analysis of the Profiles of 12 Sexually Transmitted Disease Pathogens in the Republic of Korea in 2019
Authors: Park Hye-Jee , Kim Yun-Tae , Moon Ju Young , Jin Choong Eun , Ko Ki-Han , Lee Seung-hyun , Min Okgi , Je Young Soo , Lee Mikyeong , Lee Sanghoo , Kim Young-Jin , Lee Kyoung-Ryul
Published: December 2021

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common infectious diseases in humans transmitted through unprotected sexual activities. In South Korea, despite the high annual incidence of STDs, detailed examinations of pathogen-specific factors and causes for delays in diagnosis and treatment are still lacking. Furthermore, STD prevalence patterns and important pathogen-specific factors remain unclear. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the epidemiology of STDs in South Korea in 2019 by analyzing the association of pathogen-specific infection patterns with factors such as sex, age, region, and month. Methods: We obtained the STD test results of 172,973 individuals from the Seoul Clinic Laboratory in 2019, most of whom had multiple infections; hence, 275,296 STD-positive cases were included in this analysis. Through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification, they were categorized by pathogen type. Subsequently, they were further classified by month, region, and age while concurrently being stratified according to sex. Results: Among the 12 pathogens detected in this study, Gardnerella vaginalis had the highest prevalence, with 92,490 cases in both sex groups; moreover, many of them were concurrently infected by two or more pathogens. The prevalence of STDs did not differ according to month or region. Conversely, the pathogen-specific prevalence rates significantly differed according to age. Older adults had higher prevalence rates of Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and herpes simplex virus type 1 infections than younger adults. Conclusion: These pathogen-specific prevalence patterns provide information that helps to understand population vulnerability according to region and age and helps develop STD prevention and treatment strategies in South Korea.
Prognostic factors for surgical site infection following intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia in adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Musonda Webster , Freitas Derek , Yamba Kaunda , Harrison William Jim , Munthali James
Published: December 2021

Our study aimed to identify prognostic factors for surgical site infection following long bone fracture intramedullary nailing at a tertiary hospital in a low-resource setting. This was a longitudinal observational study involving 132 participants enrolled over a one-year period with femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures scheduled for ORIF. Participant median age was 30 years (range: 26 – 42). The prevalence of surgical site infection was 16%. Male sex (AOR=0.26, 95% CI [0.70–0.98]; p = 0.047) was associated with lower odds of surgical site infection while associated non-musculoskeletal injuries were associated with higher odds of developing surgical site infection. Our study confirms a higher surgical site infection rate than normally accepted. However, intramedullary nailing in our setting is justified as it allows an early return to a pre-injury state. These interventions must be carried out in the best possible circumstances. Future studies could explore alternative methods of fracture fixation.
Subcapsular hepatic hematoma as a complicating cardiac surgery
Authors: Takago Shintaro , Nishida Satoru , Noda Yukihiro , Yamamoto Toru
Published: December 2021

An 80-year-old woman was hospitalized for aortic valve insufficiency, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and ascending aortic aneurysm. She underwent aortic valve replacement, pulmonary vein isolation, left atrium appendectomy, and ascending aorta replacement. She developed a subcapsular hepatic hematoma during the surgery. The patient was managed conservatively and discharged successfully.
A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Study on Drug Treatment Awareness in Schizophrenia Patients and Caregivers: An Unexplored Avenue
Authors: Tripathi Raakhi , Jalgaonkar Sharmila , Gajbhiye Snehalata , Khatri Nishtha , Sayyed Mohsin , Parkar Shubhangi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Schizophrenia is associated with high relapse rates, and medication nonadherence is a major factor contributing toward relapse. Since medication adherence and treatment awareness are linked, an alarming need was felt to evaluate the level of drug treatment awareness in patients who have schizophrenia. Besides, patients who have schizophrenia are often dependent on their caregivers for medications. Hence, the current study was also designed to look into drug treatment awareness among caregivers.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia as per The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were included, provided they had good insight and had been prescribed medications at the study center for at least three months. Caregivers were included using the Pollak and Perlick criteria. The sociodemographic profile of the patients and caregivers was recorded, and further assessment for treatment awareness was done using the prevalidated Drug Treatment Awareness Questionnaire (DTAQ).

Results:

A total of 166 patients and 157 caregivers were enrolled. Mean drug awareness scores among patients and caregivers did not show statistically significant differences (P= 0.22). Mean ± SD DTAQ awareness scores in patients and caregivers were 12.57 ± 1.81 and 12.84 ± 1.91, respectively. The majority of patients and caregivers (> 90%) possessed awareness in domains related to past medication records and in that of re-visit/re-contact instructions. Awareness was least commonly seen in relation to side effects of medications and details of the prescribed medications, where only about 50% of patients and caregivers possessed awareness. No clinically significant correlation was found between sociodemographic factors and drug treatment awareness scores.

Conclusion:

Drug treatment awareness in patients and caregivers was comparable and was not reliant on the sociodemographic factors. Special interventions should be conducted to raise drug treatment awareness among patients having insight and their caregivers.
Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with poor self-rated health in the Czech part of the HAPIEE study
Authors: Hrezova Eliska , Bobak Martin , Capkova Nadezda , Stefler Denes , Pikhart Hynek
Published: December 2021

Background: Although fruits and vegetables are considered a pillar of healthy eating, previous evidence suggests that their consumption in Eastern European countries is low, and their association with health outcomes has rarely been researched in this region. Aim: To examine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on self-rated health (SRH) in the Czech arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort study. Methods: Dietary data on fruit and vegetable intake was measured at baseline using food frequency questionnaires, and SRH from the second wave was chosen as the main outcome. The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and SRH was analysed using multivariable ordinal regression. Results: A total of 4255 persons aged 45–69, in good and very good SRH at baseline were included in the longitudinal analysis, with a median follow-up time of 3.7 years. In the second wave, 218 (5.1%) individuals reported poor or very poor SRH. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the lowest fruit and vegetable intake quartile had higher odds of poor SRH compared to those in the highest quartile (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.52). When examined separately, the results were similar: for vegetables (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03–1.51) and fruit (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97–1.44). Conclusion: The observed longitudinal association suggests that low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with poor SRH in the Czech Republic. Considering almost half of our sample reported less than the daily recommended intake of 400 grams of fruits and vegetables, higher consumption should be supported.
Dynamics of the policy environment and trauma in relations between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the settler-colonial state
Authors: Vivian Alison , Halloran Michael J.
Published: December 2021

This integrative review seeks to employ insights from critical social psychology and Indigenous nation building governance research to advance an explanation for why Australian state policy continually fails to improve the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and reproduces trauma. The review suggests that settler-colonial law and policy embed a history of oppressive relations that suppress Indigenous voice, culture, and identity, inexorably leading to intergenerational traumatic social and wellbeing outcomes for Indigenous peoples. Given settler-colonial policy’s ongoing role in continuing the subordination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander law/lore, the ongoing policy failure to redress Indigenous inequality and improve their wellbeing is unsurprising. Nevertheless, our analysis contributes to understanding how just and viable relations between Australian Indigenous peoples and the settler-colonial state are possible through collaborative politics. Allowing space for agreement and disagreement in their worldviews, collaborative negotiations offer a way forward to redress policy failures and traumatic outcomes that are currently entrenched.
Effectiveness of brief patient information materials for promoting correct beliefs about imaging and inevitable consequences of low back pain: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Diniz Leandro M. , Oliveira Crystian B. , Machado Gustavo C. , Maher Christopher G. , Verhagen Arianne P. , Fernandes Daysiane A. M. , Franco Marcia R. , Souza Thales R. , Pinto Rafael Z.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To investigate what format for providing patient information (i.e. written summary, infographic or video animation) is most effective for promoting correct beliefs about imaging and inevitable consequences of low back pain (LBP).

Design

Randomised controlled trial.

Setting/Patients

One hundred and fifty-nine patients with non-specific LBP were recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics.

Intervention

Participants were randomised to receive patient information in one of three formats: video animation, infographic or written summary. Patients were allowed to read or watch the materials for up to 20 min.

Measurements

Outcome were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. The primary outcome was the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. The secondary outcome was beliefs about imaging for LBP assessed by two questions.

Results

All 159 patients completed the study. Our findings revealed no difference between groups for the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. Correct beliefs about imaging were more likely with the infographic than the video animation (Question 1- Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 8.7; Question 2- OR = 6.8, 95%CI: 2.7, 17.2) and more likely with the written summary than the video animation (Question 1- OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.5, 7.4; Question 2- OR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 8.5). No difference between infographic and written summary formats were reported for the questions assessing LBP imaging beliefs.

Conclusion

The three materials were equally effective in improving patient's general beliefs about LBP care. However, the traditional written summary or infographic formats were more effective than the video animation format for improving beliefs about imaging for LBP.
Spontaneous Recovery of Circadian Organization in Mice Lacking a Core Component of the Molecular Clockwork
Authors: Riggle Jonathan P. , Onishi Kenneth G. , Love Jharnae A. , Beach Dana E. , Zucker Irving , Prendergast Brian J.
Published: December 2021

Circadian rhythms are generated by interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops of circadian clock genes and their protein products. Mice homozygous for a functional deletion in the Period-2 gene ( Per2m/m mice) exhibit short free-running circadian periods and eventually lose behavioral circadian rhythmicity in constant darkness (DD). We investigated Per2m/m mice in DD for several months and identified a categorical sex difference in the dependence on Per2 for maintenance of circadian rhythms. Nearly all female Per2m/m mice became circadian arrhythmic in DD, whereas free-running rhythms persisted in 37% of males. Remarkably, with extended testing, Per2m/m mice did not remain arrhythmic in DD, but after varying intervals spontaneously recovered robust, free-running circadian rhythms, with periods shorter than those expressed prior to arrhythmia. Spontaneous recovery was strikingly sex-biased, occurring in 95% of females and 33% of males. Castration in adulthood resulted in male Per2m/m mice exhibiting female-like levels of arrhythmia in DD, but did not affect spontaneous recovery. The circadian pacemaker of many gonad-intact males, but not females, can persist in DD for long intervals without a functional PER2 protein; their circadian clocks may be in an unstable equilibrium, incapable of sustaining persistent coherent circadian organization, resulting in transient cycles of circadian organization and arrhythmia.
The effects of punch angle in noise and force formation for sheet metal blanking process
Authors: Cavusoglu Onur , Gurun Hakan , Kafkas Fırat , Efendioglu Saziye , Mert Faruk
Published: December 2021

The paper is concerned with the effect of punch angle (0°, 4°, 8°, 16°), sheet thickness (0.8, 2 mm), and punch speed (25, 37.5 mm / min) on the force formation and noise in the blanking of DP600 dual-phase steel sheet. The blanking experiments were carried out in a modular blanking die. The blanking force and noise variables were obtained simultaneously during the blanking using a load cell and noise measuring device, respectively. It was determined that the blanking force significantly decreased with an increasing punch angle, while noise formation decreased. The increase in the punch speed slightly increased the amount of noise while it did not affect the blanking force significantly.
Numerical investigation on adsorbent particle erosion characteristic of Y-shaped pipeline in S Zorb regeneration system with different influencing parameters
Authors: Cao Xingjiang , Ou Guofu , Gao Shuaiqi , Duan Aoqiang , Jin Haozhe , Wang Chao
Published: December 2021

As the transportation pipeline of adsorbent in S Zorb regeneration system, due to large mass flow rate of particle and gas, it is often seriously worn, and even perforated, resulting in the leakage of adsorbent. It brings great inconvenience to the transportation of regenerated adsorbent and threats its long-term operation. Therefore, it is essential to study the erosion characteristic of Y-shaped adsorbent transportation pipe. It was studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and the calculation results were validated by actual erosion profile. The results show that the high velocity of nitrogen and the high weight-fraction adsorbent particles accumulation is the key factor leading to severe erosion. It is also found that the small angle cutting is the erosion form. The effects of the intersection angle between the transportation pipe and feed pipe and the gas inlet velocity on the particle motion and erosion characteristics turn out to be significant. The research on the wear characteristics of adsorbent transportation pipeline can provide a certain reference for erosion prevention and optimization.
Integrating Insights About Human Movement Patterns From Digital Data Into Psychological Science
Authors: Hinds Joanne , Brown Olivia , Smith Laura G. E. , Piwek Lukasz , Ellis David A. , Joinson Adam N.
Published: December 2021

Understanding people’s movement patterns has many important applications, from analyzing habits and social behaviors, to predicting the spread of disease. Information regarding these movements and their locations is now deeply embedded in digital data generated via smartphones, wearable sensors, and social-media interactions. Research has largely used data-driven modeling to detect patterns in people’s movements, but such approaches are often devoid of psychological theory and fail to capitalize on what movement data can convey about associated thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behavior. This article outlines trends in current research in this area and discusses how psychologists can better address theoretical and methodological challenges in future work while capitalizing on the opportunities that digital movement data present. We argue that combining approaches from psychology and data science will improve researchers’ and policy makers’ abilities to make predictions about individuals’ or groups’ movement patterns. At the same time, an interdisciplinary research agenda will provide greater capacity to advance psychological theory.
Dr John Goodsir (1746–1816): The surgeon of Largo
Authors: Tracy Michael T
Published: December 2021

The ancient fishing village of Lower Largo or the Seatoun of Largo stands quietly on Largo Bay along the north side of the Firth of Forth and is famous as being the birthplace of its famous resident, Alexander Selkirk, who inspired Daniel Defoe’s, Robinson Crusoe. However, it has another resident, Dr. John Goodsir, who, for forty-six years served as a medical practitioner and was a Minister of the Gospel at the Largo Baptist Church for twenty years. The current work describes the life of this ordinary early medical practitioner and surgeon, discusses his correspondences, and finally examines his role as serving as Largo’s Baptist minister.
Characterization of 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing Enterobacterales isolated from canine rectal swabs
Authors: Cole Stephen D. , Rankin Shelley C.
Published: December 2021

Globally, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) cause life-threatening, hospital-acquired infections in people, and have been reported recently among veterinary patients. Organisms that produce a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) are one of the most common CPE isolated from people but have been reported only rarely in animals. We characterized 2 KPC-producing Enterobacterales isolated from companion animal rectal swabs during the response to an outbreak caused by a strain of blaNDM-5 Escherichia coli. Both isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis. The first isolate (case A) was from an immunosuppressed 6-y-old Yorkshire Terrier and was identified as E. coli (ST372) with a blaKPC-18 gene and an IncFII plasmid. The second isolate (case B) was from a 3-y-old Labrador Retriever with acute diarrhea and was identified as Citrobacter koseri with a blaKPC-2 gene, multiple plasmids (ColRNAI, pKPC-CAV1193), and a putative enterotoxin gene ( senB). Further research is needed to determine what role animals might play in the epidemiology of CPE in communities. It is imperative that all CPE isolated from companion animals be fully characterized by WGS and the associated case examined. All veterinary isolates should be sequenced and shared for surveillance, monitoring, and investigation purposes.
Cytoplasmic P53 Immunostaining With N-Terminus P53 Antibody And Absence Of Staining With C-Terminus P53 Antibody: A Report Of Two Pediatric Sarcomas With Distal Truncating TP53 Mutations Affecting Nuclear Localization Domain
Authors: Mirbaha Hilda , Carrillo Deyssy , Mitui Midori , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Singh Vivekanand , Rakheja Dinesh
Published: December 2021

P53 immunohistochemical staining with antibodies targeted to epitopes at or near the N-terminus are commonly used in diagnostic pathology practice as a surrogate for TP53 mutations. The abnormal staining patterns indicating TP53 mutations include nuclear overexpression, null, and the recently described cytoplasmic staining. The latter staining pattern occurs with the less common TP53 mutations affecting its nuclear localization and/or tetramerization domains that are located toward the C-terminus. Here we describe the first two cases of pediatric sarcomas with cytoplasmic staining with P53 antibody against N-terminus epitope and the absence of staining with P53 antibody against C-terminus epitope. We propose that a more precise description of P53 immunohistochemical staining patterns should include the nature of the antibody used.
Retrospective evaluation of sodium acetate use for urine alkalinization in patients receiving high dose methotrexate
Authors: Perkey Cassandra L , Flynn Laura A , Lentz Katie , Butler Sara
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Methotrexate is an antifolate agent used in treatment of several malignancies. Many toxicities accompany methotrexate that are minimized with urine alkalinization. Parenteral sodium bicarbonate is the historical standard alkalinizing agent, but use has been limited by intermittent shortages. However, intravenous sodium acetate may be considered as a chemically equivalent alternative. The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of sodium acetate versus sodium bicarbonate for urine alkalinization for high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study including adults admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital to receive HDMTX for lymphoma, breast cancer with leptomeningial spread, or osteosarcoma. Patients must have received intravenous sodium acetate or sodium bicarbonate alkalinization.

Results

Of 192 HDMTX encounters, 154 (sodium bicarbonate, n = 86; sodium acetate, n = 68) were evaluated for efficacy and safety. Safety outcomes were not significantly different between groups except for higher peak methotrexate level in the bicarbonate group (2.9 mcmol/L vs. 1.7 mcmol/L, p = 0.023), and increased incidence of grade 3–4 ALT in the sodium bicarbonate group (23.5% vs. 9%, p = 0.02). Time from alkalinizer initiation to pH ≥7 was significantly shorter with sodium bicarbonate (4 vs. 5.15 h, p = 0.021). Nonetheless, outcomes such as length of stay (4.4 vs. 4 days respectively, p = 0.037) and time to methotrexate clearance (3.6 vs. 3.2 days respectively, p = 0.023) reveal that inpatient time was shorter with sodium acetate overall.

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis suggests that sodium acetate has similar efficacy and safety to sodium bicarbonate for alkalinization and may be considered as an alternative in future shortage situations.
Evaluation of music therapy to reduce stress in hospitalized cats
Authors: Paz Juliane EG , da Costa Fernanda VA , Nunes Luciana N , Monteiro Eduardo R , Jung Jenifer
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the use of two different types of music – cat-specific music and classical music – compared with no music, to reduce stress in cats during hospitalization.

Methods

Thirty-five hospitalized cats were randomly divided into three groups and each group received a different stimulus – cat-specific music, classical music or no music (control) – throughout their hospitalization. Respiratory rate, salivary cortisol and social interaction were documented. A blinded researcher performed the Cat Stress Score (CSS) during the video analysis of recordings at five specific times over 31 h of hospitalization.

Results

There was no difference in the mean CSS between cats listening to cat-specific music, classical music and control throughout the five evaluations. Cat-specific music had a higher percentage of positive social interactions than the other groups on the first evaluation ( P <0.05). The average respiratory rate was significantly lower in the classical music group vs control on the fourth evaluation ( P <0.05). Although statistically insignificant, the average respiratory rate decreased only in the classical music group during the five evaluations. Cortisol quantification did not seem to follow the CSS results. However, owing to the low and unrepresentative number of samples, it was not possible to perform statistical analysis on these results or a group sample comparison.

Conclusions and relevance

Both cat-specific music and classical music seem to have some benefit to hospitalized cats. The salivary cortisol analysis was not adequate nor useful to measure stress in hospitalized cats in our study.
Sexuality education and early childhood educators in Ontario, Canada: A Foucauldian exploration of constraints and possibilities
Authors: Davies Adam WJ , Simone-Balter Alice , van Rhijn Tricia
Published: December 2021

Open conversations regarding sexuality education and gender and sexual diversity with young children in early childhood education settings are still highly constrained. Educators report lacking professional training and fearing parental and community pushback when explicitly addressing these topics in their professional practices. As such, gender and sexual diversity and conversations of bodily development are left silenced and, when addressed, filtered through heteronormative and cisnormative frameworks. Through a Foucauldian post-structural lens, this article analyses data from open-ended qualitative questions in a previous research study regarding early childhood educators’ perceptions on discussing the development of sexuality in early learning settings in an Ontario, Canada context. Through this Foucauldian post-structural analysis, the authors discuss forms of surveillance and regulation that early childhood educators experience in early learning settings regarding the open discussion of gender and sexuality. The authors explore how both the lack of explicit curricula addressing gender and sexuality in the early years in Ontario and taken-for-granted notions of developmentally appropriate practice, childhood innocence, and the gender binary – employed in discourses of sexuality education in the early years – regulate early childhood educators’ professional practices. The authors provide recommendations which critique the developmentalist logics – specifically, normative development – that are used to silence non-heterosexual and non-cisgender identities in the early years, while articulating the need for explicit curricula for educators in the early years regarding gender and sexuality in young children.
A regularization method for solving dynamic problems with singular configuration
Authors: Yang Liusong , Xue Shifeng , Zhang Xingang , Yao Wenli
Published: December 2021

In the simulation process for multi-body systems, the generated redundant constraints will result in ill-conditioned dynamic equations, which are not good for stable simulations when the system motion proceeds near a singular configuration. In order to overcome the singularity problems, the paper presents a regularization method with an explicit expression based on Gauss principle, which does not need to eliminate the constraint violation after each iteration step compared with the traditional methods. Then the effectiveness and stability are demonstrated through two numerical examples, a slider-crank mechanism and a planar four-bar linkage. Simulation results obtained with the proposed method are analyzed and compared with augmented Lagrangian formulation and the null space formulation in terms of constraints violation, drift mechanical energy and computational efficiency, which shows that the proposed method is suitable to perform efficient and stable dynamic simulations for multi-body systems with singular configurations.
Learning about the unknown Spitzenkandidaten: The role of media exposure during the 2019 European Parliament elections
Authors: Richter Simon , Stier Sebastian
Published: December 2021

The Spitzenkandidaten were meant to personalize European Parliament elections. This paper asks whether and through which channels the lead candidates were actually able to make themselves known among voters – a necessary precondition for any electoral effect. Combining panel surveys and online tracking data, the study explores candidate learning during the German 2019 European Parliament election campaign and relates learning to different types of news exposure, with a special focus on online news. The results show that learning was limited and unevenly distributed across candidates. However exposure to candidate-specific online news and most types of offline news helped to acquire knowledge. The findings imply that Spitzenkandidaten stick to voters’ minds when they get exposed to them, but that exposure is infrequent in high-choice media environments.
Depression and repression: Global capitalism, economic crisis and penal politics in interwar Greece
Authors: Cheliotis Leonidas K.
Published: December 2021

Notwithstanding the significant advances made over the last twenty years in terms of charting and explaining the ways in which state punishment is influenced by economic and political forces, little is still known about the penal effects of conditions of economic crisis and about the role the incumbent government's political orientation plays in this regard. Because the few available studies on these questions have been preoccupied with the Anglo-American sphere and only in the context of recent decades at that, even less is known either about the implications that different types or experiences of economic crisis carry for state punishment, or about the influence exerted in this respect by government political orientations other than those found in established democracies. Irrespective of geographical or temporal scope, moreover, the impact that different extranational factors and actors may have in terms of economic, political or directly penal matters domestically remains poorly understood. With a view to helping fill these gaps in the literature, this article explores the effects on state punishment that economic crisis and government political orientation had in interaction with one another in the context of interwar Greece. Attention is first paid to various ways in which global capitalism was decisive in creating within Greece an environment conducive to increased punitiveness on the part of the state. The focus is on the economic, social and political consequences of the Wall Street crash of 1929 and Britain's exit from the gold standard in 1931, as these were exacerbated by Greece's long-term exposure to predatory lending, speculative investing and external interference in her domestic affairs in the context of engaging international capital markets. The article then proceeds to discuss how the Liberal government of 1928–1932 sought to handle the situation, particularly the approach it took towards punishment.