bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basics Illustration 02: Sequential Images
Authors: Wigan Mark
Published: October 2018

Basics Illustration 02: Sequential Images addresses the professional, cultural, theoretical and historical contexts of pictorial storytelling and moving image.

Sequential image-making is a rich area of original and innovative work, which is leading the resurgence in this field. The evolving world of illustration is exploding with possibilities as converging technologies and disciplines provide new opportunities and outlets for the visual storyteller.

In this title, international illustrators, animators, artists and educators at the cutting edge of the narrative renaissance outline their personal methodologies and approaches to sequential image-making.
The Fundamentals of Interactive Design
Authors: Salmond Michael , Ambrose Gavin
Published: October 2018

This book will help you design media that engages, entertains, communicates and 'sticks' with the audience. Packed with examples of groundbreaking interactive design, this book provides a solid introduction to the principles of interactive communication and detailed case studies from world-leading industry experts.

The Fundamentals of Interactive Design takes you step by step through each stage of the creative process - from inspiration to practical application of designing interfaces and interactive experiences. With a visually engaging and exciting layout this book is an invaluable overview of the state of the art and the ongoing evolution of digital design, from where it is now to where it's going in the future.
Left to Right
Authors: Crow David
Published: October 2018

Left to Right: The Cultural Shift from Words to Pictures is an in-depth study of the increasingly visual nature of our culture, and the influence that digital technology has had on the way that we communicate.

It demonstrates that the development of language has gone hand in hand with the development of technology, discussing the challenge posed to alphabetic information by the rapid development of screen-based media over the latter half of the twentieth century.

This title is a detailed discussion of the role design and other creative disciplines have to play for a new image-centric generation.
Designing Sustainable Communities
Authors: Friedman Avi
Published: October 2018

Innovation in planning is essential to dealing with the challenges society currently faces, from urban sprawl to climate change. In this book, Avi Friedman looks at both new and revived sustainable strategies at a neighborhood level to explore options for both rehabilitating older communities as well as options for those projects being designed from scratch.

The book takes a holistic approach to sustainable community design, covering aspects such as:

– Transportation and how to avoid reliance on private vehicles

– Ecological, psychological and economic values of open spaces

– Neighborhood resilience and health

– Affordability and energy consumption

Interviews with and information from designers of sustainable communities provide first-hand insight into their development. Outstanding illustrated case studies from communities throughout the world add depth and insight into this important subject.
Visual Communication Design
Authors: Davis Meredith , Hunt Jamer
Published: October 2018

Where do design principles come from? Are they abstract "rules" established by professionals or do they have roots in human experience? And if we encounter these visual phenomena in our everyday lives, how do designers use them to attract our attention, orient our behavior, and create compelling and memorable communication that stands out among the thousands of messages we confront each day? Today’s work in visual communication design shifts emphasis from simply designing objects to designing experiences; to crafting form that acknowledges cognitive and cultural influences on interpretation.

In response, Meredith Davis and Jamer Hunt provide a new slant on design basics from the perspective of audiences and users. Chapters break down our interactions with communication as a sequence of meaningful episodes, each with related visual concepts that shape the interpretive experience. Explanatory illustrations and professional design examples support definitions of visual concepts and discussions of context. Work spans print, screen, and environmental applications from around the world.

This introduction to visual communication design demystifies the foundational concepts that underpin professional design decisions and shape our experiences in a complex visual world.
The Fashion Show
Authors: Stark Gill
Published: October 2018

Take up your all-access pass to one of the most dynamic areas of the international fashion industry. Lavishly illustrated and packed with industry insights, The Fashion Show is the must-have guide to showing off a collection.

You will learn about:

The context of the fashion show and its significance for brands, designers, journalists and others working in the fashion industry;
How a fashion show is produced, everything from agreeing a vision to casting the models to setting up backstage;
What happens on show day, and how to use the impact of your show.

Future fashion designers, fashion marketers, fashion managers, fashion PRs – and creative practitioners looking to learn more about this fascinating part of the industry, you are cordially invited to join Gill Stark in the front row of The Fashion Show.
Typography
Authors: Ambrose Gavin , Harris Paul
Published: October 2018

Typography is the most effective tool that graphic designers use to express ideas and convey a message. The ability to choose the right typeface for the right job, to design readable and legible pages, and to marry type and image to create visually compelling results are skills that every designer must master. This book introduces the student to the basic principles of typography with clear examples from international practitioners, interviews with designers and typographers, plus exercises to reinforce the concepts covered. With its attractive layout, approachable text and skillful use of typography on every spread, the author sets the standard to inspire the beginning student of design.
The Fundamentals of Interior Design
Authors: Dodsworth Simon , Anderson Stephen
Published: October 2018

The second edition of The Fundamentals of Interior Design provides a thorough introduction to the key elements of interior design and the ideas that underpin them. The book describes the entirety of the creative process, from researching initial ideas to realizing them in three-dimensional form. Throughout the text, guidelines are given to provide structure to the interior design process and the reader is encouraged to adapt and initiate methodologies to suit individual project needs. This approach is intended to give designers a belief in their own abilities, and the confidence to tackle different projects with the unique challenges that each one brings.

The book features a variety of diagrams and talking points to encourage students and practitioners to think about key issues such as understanding spatial relationships and the use of sustainable materials.

This second edition includes new case studies focusing on well-known international interior design studios, such as Conran and Partners, UK, Slade Architecture, US, Gensler, US and award winning architects Chae-Pereira in South Korea.

The introduction of interviews with contemporary interior designers allows readers an insight in to the working world of interior design.

The new projects allow students to explore what they have learned in each chapter through experimentation and these activities encourage creativity and further learning.
Idea Searching for Design
Authors: Bramston David , YeLi
Published: October 2018

The second edition of Idea Searching examines methods of generating and identifying ideas, and teaches you to understand what is being observed and recorded. Using lavish illustrations, concise case studies and practical examples, it explores how different experiences, contexts and references are important in identifying an idea that is appropriate for a particular individual, target audience or culture. Advocating a step-by-step approach to generating ideas and brainstorming, it encourages an open mind in the development of ideas and teaches you to always question convention.

The text is accompanied by a variety of case studies and examples of work from the world's best contemporary product designers. It also includes a number of new projects for students, to encourage further exploration of ideas.
The Fundamentals of Product Design
Authors: Morris Richard
Published: October 2018

Provides an integrated and cohesive view of the product design process, covering materials, manufacturing, idea generation, computer-aided design, engineering functions, product types, and market research.

This updated edition explores recent developments such as additive manufacture and crowd funding, and includes more consumer and lifestyle orientated products for a more product-based focus, supported by a range of new innovative examples and case studies from internationally-renown designers and studios.

The second edition also features a supportive document map that helps to reveal the steps in product creation, new projects and activities for every chapter, and additional references and web sources to allow students to further explore the world of product design.

Full of inspiring images covering a wide variety of product design examples, Richard Morris presents an engaging introduction to this sizeable topic that can be used as a useful guide to the processes involved in product design.
Adaptation Strategies for Interior Architecture and Design
Authors: Brooker Graeme
Published: October 2018

Adaptation Strategies for Interior Architecture and Design outlines a number of different approaches utilized when designing the interior. The book presents a series of processes that are based upon the responses to a space outlined for new occupation. These processes are exemplified by a series of strategies, which filter and synthesize a mixture of information, ideas and resources, in order to form a new, clear and meaningful spatial design.

The book introduces readers to recombinant cultures, methods and processes that explore the importance of context in both its site specific and cultural meaning. It examines a number of approaches that show how the adaptation of existing and, in particular, old buildings, can provide unique and unusual transformative solutions for the historic and contemporary built environment. Each strategy is demonstrated through highly-illustrated case studies and will be contextualised with an introduction explaining exemplary or key developments in other creative and spatially related fields such as installation art, painting, sculpture and furniture design.
Data-driven Graphic Design
Authors: Richardson Andrew
Published: October 2018

Digital technology has not only revolutionized the way designers work, but also the kinds of designs they produce. The development of the computer as a design environment has encouraged a new breed of digital designer; keen to explore the unique creative potential of the computer as an input/output device.

Data-driven Graphic Design introduces the creative potential of computational data and how it can be used to inform and create everything from typography, print and moving graphics to interactive design and physical installations. Using code as a creative environment allows designers to step outside the boundaries of commercial software tools, and create a set of unique, digitally informed pieces of work. The use of code offers a new way of thinking about and creating design for the digital environment.

Each chapter outlines key concepts and techniques, before exploring a range of innovative projects through case studies and interviews with the artists and designers who created them. These provide an inspirational, real-world context for every technique. Finally each chapter concludes with a Code section, guiding you through the process of experimenting with each technique yourself (with sample projects and code examples using the popular Processing language supplied online to get you started).
Photography Exposure
Authors: Präkel David
Published: October 2018

Photography Exposure, 2nd edition, is a comprehensive guide to the theory of exposure, explaining the fundamental relationship between the photographic image and the effects of light intensity and duration.

It describes the use of lens aperture and depth of field in relation to exposure and outlines the principles of in-camera and hand-held light meters: their strengths, limitations and correct use in a wide variety of lighting situations.

Offering a detailed guide to using exposure for expressive purposes, this is an invaluable reference tool to all students and practitioners of photography.

The second edition includes new images, as well as all new case studies and practical assignments - using examples from a range of international artists. The book has also been updated and restructured to take into account the technical innovations since it first published in 2009.
The Language of Film
Authors: Edgar Robert , Marland John , Rawle Steven
Published: October 2018

An effective filmmaker needs to have a good understanding of how film language works, and more importantly, how to actively influence an audience's thoughts and feelings and guide their gaze around the screen.

Packed with examples from classic and contemporary cinema, The Language of Film reveals the essential building blocks of film and explains how the screen communicates meaning to its audience. You will learn about fundamental theories and concepts, including film semiotics, narrative structures, ideology, and genre, as well as how elements such as shot size, camera movement, editing technique, and color come together to create the cinematic image.

With insightful case studies and discussion questions, dozens of practical tips and exercises, and a new chapter on film sound, this new edition of The Language of Film is a must-have guide for aspiring filmmakers.
Art History for Filmmakers
Authors: McIver Gillian
Published: October 2018

Since cinema's earliest days, literary adaptation has provided the movies with stories; and so we use literary terms like metaphor, metonymy and synedoche to describe visual things. But there is another way of looking at film, and that is through its relationship with the visual arts — mainly painting, the oldest of the art forms.

Art History for Filmmakers is an inspiring guide to how images from art can be used by filmmakers to establish period detail, and to teach composition, color theory and lighting. The book looks at the key moments in the development of the Western painting, and how these became part of the Western visual culture from which cinema emerges, before exploring how paintings can be representative of different genres, such as horror, sex, violence, realism and fantasy, and how the images in these paintings connect with cinema.

Insightful case studies explore the links between art and cinema through the work of seven high-profile filmmakers, including Peter Greenaway, Peter Webber, Jack Cardiff, Martin Scorsese, Guillermo del Toro, Quentin Tarantino and Stan Douglas. A range of practical exercises are included in the text, which can be carried out singly or in small teams.

Featuring stunning full-color images, Art History for Filmmakers provides budding filmmakers with a practical guide to how images from art can help to develop their understanding of the visual language of film.
Design Genius
Authors: Ambrose Gavin , Harris Paul
Published: October 2018

Design Genius celebrates the creative thought processes of 69 leading artists, designers, creative agencies, animators, illustrators and typographers. While highlighting key design techniques and theories, the rich visuals presented in this book aim to engage, provoke and inspire.

Whether you are new to design, or a seasoned expert, the many layers of information provided by this book mean it has something for everyone. Readers will delight in the visual and tactile effects of a number of subtle design features, as well as the vast array of illustrations on display. In-depth discussions with the creatives themselves as well as more practical design tips will also help you to discover the power of your own creative problem-solving skills.
Communication Design
Authors: Yates Derek , Price Jessie
Published: October 2018

The success of a piece of communication has always been dependent on the connection between content, form, audience and context – what the message is, who it's aimed at, what it looks like, and how and where it's communicated. In recent years the balance between these elements has shifted.

This book bridges the gap between education and emerging practices to provide students and practitioners with the information they need to understand the new skillsets required to succeed in this changing communication environment. Organized into themes of brand, experience, conversation, participation, navigation, advocacy and critique, it explores the core ideas shaping contemporary practice. Alongside case studies of game changing projects, it uses analysis of historical context and interviews with key thinkers and practitioners to provide a relevant and contemporary guide to the creative employment landscape.
Design Management
Authors: Best Kathryn
Published: October 2018

Design management (the management of design strategies, processes and projects) is an intricate subject. As the role of design in the world continues to broaden, organisations are increasingly viewing design as being integral to their decision-making processes. Opening with a contextual overview of the subject, Design Management then explores the stages involved in the application of design to business. Each topic is accompanied by key questions that get the reader to think about the issues raised, and professional case studies and interviews demonstrate the knowledge and practices described. Areas of key practical skills are outlined in order to bridge the gap between creativity management and academic theory, and professional practice.
The Production Manual
Authors: Ambrose Gavin , Harris Paul
Published: October 2018

From the basics such as working with typography through using images and working with color, exploring different pre-press techniques and the processes involved in bringing a product to press and with a resulting pleasing end product, the authors present everything that the reader needs to know in a straightforward and visually strong way. This new edition completely updates the information on the production process, highlighting new techniques and expanding its coverage on digital technologies. In addition, new interviews will be included from design studios using creative or unique production techniques. Since students may eventually be working with international clients, the authors will include both metric and imperial measurements so that students will become familiar with the differences. Expanded coverage of environmental and sustainability issues, especially as they relate to paper choice and use of special processes/inks has also been added.
Visual Research
Authors: Noble Ian , Bestley Russell
Published: October 2018

Packed with more than 200 colour illustrations, Visual Research explores a range of research methods that can be used by graphic designers and visual communicators in the development of clear and purposeful design solutions. The book introduces key terms and theories that underlie design research; examining the importance of visual grammar and design literacy, audience, communication theory and semiotics.

Each chapter features case studies that demonstrate how the use of research methods can form the basis of effective visual communication and design problem solving, eschewing end product analysis for a discussion of the way research feeds into the design process.

The third edition features new case studies in each chapter, updated design exercises and a new chapter on design-led tools and information design methods, in relation to both print and on-screen design.
Setting up a successful jewellery business
Authors: Boothroyd Angie
Published: October 2018

An updated edition of the best-selling handbook, this all-encompassing guide for jewellery entrepreneurs of all levels covers key lessons for setting up, running and growing a jewellery business.

From the college graduate looking to set up a workshop, to the established maker ready to expand their business, Setting up a Successful Jewellery Business equips creative jewellers with the essential knowledge and tools to operate a professional jewellery business.

Encouraging individuals to define their business objectives and strategy for the future, the guide deals with topics including:presenting your brand;protecting your designs;how much to charge for your work;selling to shops, galleries and individuals;creating your website and driving traffic to it;managing your time and finances plus other essential business skills.

Updated with two new chapters, an expanded section on social media and a revised appendix, this is an indispensable jeweller’s companion that provides the resources to take your business forward.
Creative Research
Authors: Collins Hilary
Published: October 2018

Creative Research helps readers define their research problem, decide on an appropriate research process and then undertake the project.

Throughout the book, Hilary Collins introduces and analyzes different techniques and procedures for collecting and analyzing a variety of data. The skills necessary to promote the effectiveness and validity of research within the creative industries are highlighted in case studies, all of which also demonstrate what a well-designed research project can achieve.

New to the second edition are detailed explorations of design thinking and ethnography as well as all new case studies on emerging tools and photographic enthnography.
3D Printing
Authors: Hoskins Stephen
Published: October 2018

Fully revised and with a new chapter and international case studies, this second edition of the best-selling book traces how artists and designers continue to adapt and incorporate 3D printing technology into their work and explains how the creative industries are directly interfacing with this new technology.

Covering a broad range of applied art practice – from fine art and furniture-design to film-making – Stephen Hoskins introduces some of his groundbreaking research from the Centre for Fine Print Research along with an updated history of 3D print technology, a new chapter on fashion and animation, and new case studies featuring artists working with metal, plastic, ceramic and other materials.

A fascinating investigation into how the applied arts continue to adapt to new technologies and a forecast of what developments we might expect in the future, this book is essential reading for students, researchers studying contemporary art and design and professionals involved in the creative industries.
The Publishing Business
Authors: Smith Kelvin , Bold Melanie Ramdarshan
Published: October 2018

The Publishing Business, is an invaluable guide to understanding what book publishing is and what it might become. Using popular and current examples, this second edition demonstrates that, to succeed, publishers must prove their commitment to producing accurate, attractive and well edited content, their ability to innovate pioneering digital technologies and their dedication to promoting their titles to new audiences.

This book explains the responsibilities at each stage of the publishing process, describes current roles and practices, and provides much food for thought on how publishers can ensure their skills remain relevant in the digital age. Fully updated to take into account recent developments in the publishing world, this new edition also includes additional real-world examples from a variety of publishing sectors, insightful interviews with industry experts and new and updated activities throughout.

Beautifully designed, thoroughly illustrated and packed with examples of publishing practice, The Publishing Business is an essential introduction to a dynamic industry.
Kiss & Sell: Writing for Advertising
Authors: Sawyer Robert
Published: October 2018

Kiss & Sell: Writing for Advertising discusses different subjects and media, from print and broadcast to interactive media, as well as tactics and strategies employed by copywriters. Commentary, example and advice from leading players in the advertising world offer the aspiring professional important insight and meaningful guidance. Detailed explanations outline the aims of various work and how it was achieved.

As a copywriter, your job is not to amuse or entertain, but rather to sell products. By examining the campaigns here, youll see why writing copy is as much a craft as it is an art, and, along the way, you'll learn how to succeed in this glamorous but cutthroat industry.
Aerosol chemistry and particle growth events at an urban downwind site in North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Du Wei , Wang Yuying , Wang Qingqing , Wang Haofei , Zheng Haitao , Zhang Fang , Shi Hongrong , Bian Yuxuan , Han Yongxiang , Fu Pingqing , Canonaco Francesco , Prévôt André S. H. , Zhu Tong , Wang Pucai , Li Zhanqing , Sun Yele
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The North China Plain (NCP) has experienced frequent severe haze pollution
events in recent years. While extensive measurements have been made in
megacities, aerosol sources, processes, and particle growth at urban downwind
sites remain less understood. Here, an aerosol chemical speciation monitor
and a scanning mobility particle sizer, along with a suite of collocated
instruments, were deployed at the downwind site of Xingtai, a highly polluted
city in the NCP, for real-time measurements of submicron aerosol (PM1)
species and particle number size distributions during May and June 2016. The
average mass concentration of PM1 was 30.5 (±19.4) µg m−3, which is significantly lower than that during
wintertime. Organic aerosols (OAs) constituted the major fraction of PM1
(38 %), followed by sulfate (25 %) and nitrate (14 %). Positive
matrix factorization with the multilinear engine version 2 showed that
oxygenated OA (OOA) was the dominant species in OA throughout the study, on
average accounting for 78 % of OA, while traffic and cooking emissions
both accounted for 11 % of OA. Our results highlight that aerosol
particles at the urban downwind site were highly aged and mainly from
secondary formation. However, the diurnal cycle also illustrated the
substantial influence of urban emissions on downwind sites, which are
characterized by similar pronounced early morning peaks for most aerosol
species. New particle formation and growth events were also frequently
observed (58 % of the time) on both clean and polluted days. Particle
growth rates varied from 1.2 to 4.9 nm h−1 and our results showed that
sulfate and OOA played important roles in particle growth during clean
periods, while OOA was more important than sulfate during polluted events.
Further analyses showed that particle growth rates have no clear dependence
on air mass trajectories.
Sources of Airborne Ultrafine Particle Number and Mass
Concentrations in California
Authors: Yu Xin , Venecek Melissa , Hu Jianlin , Tanrikulu Saffet , Soon Su-Tzai , Tran Cuong , Fairley David , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Regional concentrations and source contributions are calculated for airborne particle number concentration (PNC) and ultrafine particle mass concentration (PM0.1) in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) surrounding Los Angeles with 4 km spatial resolution and daily time resolution for selected months in the years 2012, 2015, and 2016. Performance statistics for daily predictions of PNC concentrations meet the threshold normally required for regulatory modeling of PM2.5 (MFB
Experiments with CO2-in-air reference gases in high-pressure aluminum cylinders
Authors: Schibig Michael F. , Kitzis Duane , Tans Pieter P.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is key
for a better understanding of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that
have a major impact on further climate change. Keeping track of large-scale
emissions and removals (sources and sinks) of CO2 requires very
accurate measurements. They all have to be calibrated very carefully and have
to be traceable to a common scale, the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) CO2 X2007 scale, which is
maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System
Research Laboratory (ESRL) in Boulder, CO, USA. The international WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) program sets as
compatibility goals for the required agreement between different methods and
laboratories ±0.1 µmol mol−1 for the Northern Hemisphere
and ±0.05 µmol mol−1 for the Southern Hemisphere. The
reference gas mixtures used to pass down and distribute the scale are stored
in high-pressure aluminum cylinders. It is crucial that the standards remain
stable during their entire time of use. In this study the tested vertically
positioned aluminum cylinders showed similar CO2 enrichment during low-flow conditions (0.3 L min−1), which are similar to flows often used
for calibration gases in practical applications. The average CO2
enrichment was 0.090±0.009 µmol mol−1 as the cylinder
was emptied from about 150 to 1 bar above atmosphere. However, it is
important to note that the enrichment is not linear but follows Langmuir's
adsorption–desorption model, where the CO2 enrichment is almost
negligible at high pressures but much more pronounced at low pressures. When
decanted at a higher rate of 5.0 L min−1 the enrichment becomes
0.22±0.05 µmol mol−1 for the same pressure drop. The
higher enrichment is related to thermal diffusion and fractionation effects
in the cylinder, which were also dependent on the cylinder's orientation and
could even turn negative. However, the low amount of CO2 adsorbed on the
cylinder wall and the fact that the main increase happens at low
pressure lead to the conclusion that aluminum cylinders are suitable to store
ambient CO2-in-dry-air mixtures provided they are not used below 20 bar.
In cases where they are used in high-flow experiments that involve significant
cylinder temperature changes, special attention has to be paid to possible
fractionation effects.
Seasonal Net Ecosystem Metabolism of the Near-Shore Reef System in La Parguera, Puerto Rico
Authors: Meléndez Melissa , Salisbury Joseph , Gledhill Dwight , Langdon Chris , Morell Julio M. , Manzello Derek , Musielewicz Sylvia , Sutton Adrienne
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Changes in ocean chemistry as a direct response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is causing a reduction of pH in the surface ocean. While the dynamics and trends in carbonate chemistry are reasonably constrained for open ocean waters, the ways in which ocean acidification (OA) manifests within the shallow near-shore waters, where coral reefs reside, is less understood. Constraining near-reef variability in carbonate chemistry and net ecosystem metabolic processes across diel, seasonal, and annual scales is important in evaluating potential biogeochemical thresholds of OA that could result in ecological community changes. The OA Test-Bed at La Parguera Marine Reserve in Puerto Rico provides long-term carbonate chemistry observations at high-temporal resolution within a Caribbean near-shore coral reef ecosystem. A 1-D model was developed using the carbon mass balance approach to yield information about net ecosystem production and calcification processes occurring in the water column adjacent to the reef. We present results of nine years of sustained monitoring at the Enrique mid-shelf forereef, which provides for the characterization of temporal dynamics in carbonate chemistry and net ecosystem metabolic processes encompassing near-shore and upstream locations. Results indicate that net heterotrophy and net dissolution dominate over most of the year, while net autotrophic conditions coupled with calcification dominated from only January to mid-April. The average carbonate dissolution rate observed during summer is estimated at −2.19 g CaCO3 m−2 day−1 and net community dissolution persists 76 % of the seasonal year despite the water column remaining super-saturated with respect to aragonite. This corresponds to −0.62 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1, classifying the Enrique fore-reef and off-reef areas in a net dissolutional state. The combination of thermodynamically-driven depressed aragonite saturation state and high rates of respiration during the summer cause conditions that jeopardize the most soluble carbonate minerals and the free energy in the system for calcification. These data suggest that the reef area and associated ecosystems upstream of the sampling location are experiencing a net loss of CaCO3, possibly compromising coral ecosystem health and reef accretion processes necessary for maintenance as sea level increases. Resiliency from other climate-scale stressors including rising sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching is likely to be compromised in a system exhibiting net carbonate loss.
Shifting Mineral and Redox Controls on Carbon Cycling in Seasonally Flooded Soils
Authors: LaCroix Rachelle , Tfaily Malak , McCreight Menli , Jones Morris E. , Spokas Lesley , Keiluweit Marco
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Soils contain three times the amount of carbon (C) than the atmosphere, with C turnover times ranging from centuries to millennia. Although wetland soils represent a relatively small portion of the terrestrial landscape, they account for an estimated 20–30 % of the global C reservoir. Among wetlands, seasonally flooded soils are likely the most vulnerable to increased severity and duration of droughts in response to climate change. Yet, the relative influence of associated changes in oxygen limitations, root dynamics, and mineral protection on C cycling in seasonally flooded mineral soils is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we combined seasonal monitoring of soil moisture, redox potential, and CO2 efflux with a characterization of root biomass, mineralogy, C quantity and organic matter composition along upland-to-lowland transects of both top- and subsoils in temperate forested wetlands. We found that lower CO2 effluxes in lowland than upland topsoils coincided with greater total C concentrations as well as a greater abundance of high molecular weight and chemically reduced organic compounds, indicating that selective preservation of organic compounds during anaerobic periods caused C accumulation in seasonally flooded surface soils. In subsoils, however, seasonal flooding and associated anaerobic conditions did not result in soil C accumulation. Instead, total C concentrations were significantly lower in lowland than in upland subsoils. Lower soil C accumulation in seasonally flooded subsoils coincided with lower abundance of root biomass and reducible Fe phases, and relied primarily on non-reducible Al phases rather than anaerobic conditions. Combined, our results demonstrate that seasonal flooding and associated anaerobic conditions accumulate C in topsoils, but limit C accumulation in subsoils by restricting root C inputs and removing of protective Fe phases through reductive dissolution. Our findings indicate that C accrual in seasonally flooded soil is due primarily to oxygen limitations in the surface soil, and that the overall lack of mineral protection leaves these C stocks highly vulnerable to climate change.
Global hydro-climatic biomes identified via multitask learning
Authors: Papagiannopoulou Christina , Miralles Diego G. , Demuzere Matthias , Verhoest Niko E. C. , Waegeman Willem
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The most widely used global land cover and climate classifications are based on vegetation characteristics and/or climatic conditions derived from observational data. However, these classification schemes do not directly stem from the characteristic interaction between the local climate and the biotic environment. In this work, we model the dynamic interplay between vegetation and local climate in order to delineate ecoregions that share a coherent response to hydro-climate variability. Our novel framework is based on a multitask learning approach that discovers the spatial relationships among different locations by learning a low-dimensional representation of predictive structures. This low-dimensional representation is combined with a clustering algorithm that yields a classification of biomes with coherent behaviour. Experimental results using global observation-based datasets indicate that, without the need to prescribe any land cover information, the identified regions of coherent climate–vegetation interactions agree well with the expectations derived from traditional global land cover maps. The resulting global hydro-climatic biomes can be used to analyse the anomalous behaviour of specific ecosystems in response to climate extremes and to benchmark climate–vegetation interactions in Earth system models.
Challenges Facing the Organization of Tourism Programs to Jordan
Authors: Alsarayreh Mohammad Nayef
Published: October 2018

Aims to study the problems facing the organization of tourism programs to Jordan and identified a number of the most prominent problems to be studied.

The study was based on preliminary sources, where information was collected from samples of tourism and travel companies in Jordan, and the problems of organizing tourist programs were investigated.

The study is based on a set of hypotheses that the work in the tourism sector is facing problems to organize tourism programs in the fields of study mentioned above and there are statistically significant differences in degree of exposure to the problems of organizing tourism programs due to the variables of work field and work volume . This research was followed by descriptive analytical approach , which aims to study the problems of organizing tourism programs to Jordan.

The study found the following results:

Decrease in the number of tourists because of the political conditions that are affecting the region and which have a significant impact on the tourism sector and tourism programs

The role of media and exaggeration and not to investigate the truth in the transfer of the real picture in the region in general.
Sustainability Practices and Banks Financial Performance: A Conceptual Review from the Islamic Banking Industry in Malaysia
Authors: Jan Amin , Marimuthu Maran , Mohd Muhammad Pisol bin , Isa Mat
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to propose a framework for measuring sustainability practices of the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. Sustainability practicing and reporting has received limited attention in the Islamic banking literature. The frameworks used for measuring sustainability practices are also found inadequate. This study transformed the Global Reporting Initiative’s GRI sustainability measurement framework in light of Shariah principles to make it compatible for measuring sustainability practices in the Islamic banking industry. The posited framework illuminates the positive theoretical relationship between sustainability practices and banks financial performance from the Islamic perspective. This study lends credence to the Islamic Reporting Initiative IRI envisioned framework of building an international standard sustainability measurement framework for the Islamic banking industry in future. This study may also serve as a launching pad in the process of developing an international standards sustainability measurements framework for the Islamic banking industry in the world.
CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOFISIOLÓGICAS FOLIARES E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE SEIS ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM FUNÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA NO SOLO
Authors: Campelo David de Holanda , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de , Sousa João Alencar de , Bezerra Antônio Marcos Esmeraldo , Araújo José Dionis Matos , Neves Antônia Leila Rocha , Sousa Carlos Henrique Carvalho
Published: October 2018

A redução da disponibilidade hídrica causa efeitos na fisiologia e morfologia das plantas, sendo responsável por alterações no metabolismo, com implicações no desenvolvimento de plantas arbóreas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do estresse hídrico no crescimento foliar e estado nutricional em plantas adultas de gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium), guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.), ipê-amarelo (Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.), ipê-rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa (Mart.) Matos.), marupá (Simarouba amara Aubl.) e mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King.), cultivadas em condições de sequeiro e irrigadas, no perímetro irrigado do Baixo Acaraú, Ceará. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de medidas repetidas no tempo, num esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas (6 x 2 x 2), sendo a parcela principal composta por seis espécies, a subparcela por dois regimes hídricos (irrigado e sequeiro) e a subsubparcela pelas épocas de avaliação. Foram determinadas concentrações foliares de N, P e K, além de área foliar específica (AFE), grau de suculência (GS), índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) e eficiência fotossintética no uso de N (A/N) e P (A/P), nas estações seca e chuvosa. Os resultados mostraram que o ipê-amarelo foi a espécie mais sensível quanto à variação das concentrações de N, P e K nas folhas em resposta à disponibilidade de água no solo. Quanto à AFE, ipê-amarelo, ipê-rosa e mogno foram mais sensíveis às condições de déficit hídrico extremo. A restrição hídrica no solo ocasiona a diminuição da suculência foliar no gonçalo-alves e no mogno. O IRC é diretamente afetado pelo déficit hídrico e está relacionado ao maior GS e à menor AFE. Quanto a A/N e A/P, o gonçalo-alves foi a espécie mais eficiente, não sendo afetado pelas condições de disponibilidade hídrica do solo.
SUCESSÃO EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS ALTOMONTANOS NO SUL DO BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM FLORÍSTICO-ESTRUTURAL E FILOGENÉTICA
Authors: Duarte Edilaine , Silva Ana Carolina da , Higuchi Pedro , Larsen Janaina Gabriela , Ortiz Danielle Cristina , Gross Aline , Turmina Eliana , Aguiar Jéssica Thalheimer , Vefago Manoela Bez , Schneider Chaiane Rodrigues , Siqueira Silvane de Fátima , Lemos Angela Camila , Ribeiro Lirio
Published: October 2018

Objetivou-se caracterizar a organização florístico-estrutural, a riqueza e a estrutura filogenética de comunidades arbóreas de fragmentos florestais altomontanos em diferentes estágios sucessionais, situados no Parque Nacional de São Joaquim em Urubici, Santa Catarina. Foram selecionados três fragmentos, dois em avançado estágio sucessional e um em estágio inicial, sendo cada um avaliado por meio de 20 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, distribuídas na forma de transecção de 20 x 100 m. Foram identificados e medidos todos os indivíduos arbóreos com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Os dados foram analisados por meio de rarefação, ordenação multivariada, análise de espécies indicadoras e métricas de estruturação filogenética. A riqueza encontrada em cada fragmento não apresentou relação com o estágio sucessional, uma vez que as áreas não difeririam quanto a este aspecto. A organização florístico-estrutural foi influenciada pela interação entre o estágio sucessional e as diferenças ambientais entre os locais. Na área em início de sucessão, foi observado o agrupamento filogenético das espécies, e nas áreas tardias, o padrão foi aleatório. Assim, os resultados evidenciaram variações na riqueza independentemente do estágio sucessional e que a sucessão florestal influenciou a composição florístico-estrutural e a estrutura filogenética das áreas.
INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT FOR OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-VALUE LOGS OF PINE FORESTS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: David Hassan Camil , Netto Sylvio Péllico , Arce Julio Eduardo , Woycikievicz Antônio P. F. , Araújo Emanuel J. G. de , Miranda Rodrigo O. V. de
Published: October 2018

The best decision-making is a difficult task in forest management because it involves a large number of market and production variables. We simulated growth and yield of loblolly pine in high-quality sites, aiming to indicate thinning regimes and planting densities that maximize the production of large diameter logs (minor diameter >35 cm), as well as economically evaluating such regimes. We used the software OpTimber-LP for forest optimization problems. Simulations involved four planting densities (1,111; 1,600; 2,000; and 2,500 plants/ha); three thinnings with different weights, frequencies and ages of application; and clear cut at 25 years. Such combinations totalized in 2,916 simulated regimes. We calculated ANPV considering variations in interest rates, besides costs of production and returns resulting from thinnings and from clear cut. The findings indicated great productions of large diameter logs in regimes with low planting densities. Heavy thinnings (60% removal of trees) highlighted by being ideal to almost all thinnings, mainly in regimes with densities of 2,000 and 2,500 plants/ha. This intensity also was ideal to the first thinning, regardless the planting density. The most productive regimes presented large diameter log volumes ranging from 480 to 260 m³/ha, for regimes with 1,111 and 2,500 plants/ha, respectively. ANPV ranged from ~1.300 to ~2.100 R$/ha. As conclusion, less dense regimes provide largest productions in large diameter log, but lowest productions in total volume; as consequence, ANPV was larger in denser regimes, once the revenue obtained from high-value logs did not overcome that one obtained from finer (and consequently cheaper) logs. High-density regimes may produce less timber volume due to only one improper thinning, whereas low-density stands may have production really affected when are subjected to consecutive improper thinnings.
MEIO AMBIENTE E CIDADES – ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE (APPS) MARGINAIS URBANAS NA LEI FEDERAL N. 12.651/12
Authors: Castro Stéphanie Louise Inácio , May Leda Ramos , Garcias Carlos Mello
Published: October 2018

A revogação do Código Florestal Brasileiro pela Lei Federal nº 12.651 (BRASIL, 2012b) gerou grandes polêmicas no país e trouxe importantes modificações sobre diversos temas. No âmbito urbano considera-se essencial a visão das novas disposições quanto às áreas de preservação permanente (APPs), importante mecanismo de proteção ambiental. Neste artigo foi realizada a análise da Lei Federal nº 12.651 (BRASIL, 2012b) em relação às APPs urbanas, ressaltando-se as modificações em relação ao Código Florestal de 1965, e buscou-se apresentar considerações quanto às obras de canalização e retificação dos rios urbanos. Verificaram-se avanços e retrocessos nos novos dispositivos e a necessidade de regulação no tocante às modificações de corpos hídricos.