bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five things you wanted to know about audiovisual translation research, but were afraid to ask
Authors: Szarkowska Agnieszka , Wasylczyk Piotr
Published: September 2020

Young researchers often encounter questions, problems and hurdles at the early stages of their careers that relate to areas, particularly outside their core subject. These may span from selecting the research topic and methodology to publishing strategies and identifying the position of audiovisual translation research in a wider framework of the fast-changing academic world. Drawing on our experience in audiovisual translation and natural sciences research, we address some of these issues in a way we wish someone had done for us many years ago.
The Translation of Substitution and Ellipsis in Arabic Subtitling
Authors: Izwaini Sattar , Al-Omar Hafsa
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the trends in translating cohesive devices while subtitling English-speaking films into Arabic through examining a corpus of 20 films. It looks at how translators deal in particular with substitution and ellipsis and how their approaches serve the cohesiveness of the subtitles. The paper also looks at the translation shifts resulting from those approaches. The study is based on Halliday and Hasan's model of cohesion (1976). The analysis has found a considerable number of shifts occurring while dealing with the cohesion of the target texts. Repetition stands to be the most dominant cohesive tie that is used as a counterpart of substitution and ellipsis in the English originals, making explicitation the main strategy in translating such ties in Arabic subtitles. Substitution comes second while ellipsis and reference are found to be marginal. In their tendency to avoid ellipsis, translators opt for repetition or substitution as cohesive devices in Arabic subtitles.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KADER MENGENAI PEMANTAUAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN STIMULASI BATITA
Authors: Widianingtyas Sisilia Indriasari
Published: September 2020

Para kader mempunyai peranan penting dalam pemantauan awal pada status pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, seperti yang dialami para kader di posyandu melati RW 8 dan 9 Desa Bluru Kidul masih ada yang belum memahami tentang bagaimana pengukuran antropometri yang benar dan tidak mengetahui bagaimana stimulasi pada anak terutama usia 1-3 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan (Tahu) ibu kader mengenai pemantauan pertumbuhan dan pemberian stimulasi batita sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pra eksperiment One Group PraTest Posstest Design. Besar sampel dalam penelitian : 36 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Sebelum diberikan penyuluhan dari 36 responden 19 (53%) responden berpengetahuan kurang dan 17 (47%) responden memiliki berpengetahuan cukup. Sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan, 14 (39%) responden berpengetahuan baik dan 22 (61%) responden berpengetahuan cukup. Hasil uji statistik dengan Uji Wilcoxon dengan nilai signifikan a = 0,05 dan didapatkan harga p = 0,000. Oleh karena p < a maka Ho ditolak. Hal ini berarti bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan (Tahu) ibu mengenai pemantauan pertumbuhan dan pemberian stimulasi batita sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Kemudahan untuk memperoleh suatu informasi dapat membantu mempercepat seseorang untuk memperoleh pengetahuan yang baru.
Notas sobre el uso de ecosistemas subterráneos por murciélagos en el Parque Nacional Tingo María, Huánuco, Perú
Authors: Zavala Diego
Published: September 2020

En el Perú existe poca información sobre la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas subterráneos, particularmente de las cuevas. En este trabajo registré qué especies de murciélagos habitan las cuevas del Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) y cómo se distribuyen dentro de las mismas categorizándolas en tipos de percha. Evalué seis formaciones rocosas en el PNTM en los años 2015 y 2017. Se usaron redes de niebla y de mano para capturar a los murciélagos. En total registre 16 especies de murciélagos pertenecientes a las familias Phyllostomidae, Emballonuridae y Mormoopidae. En la cueva de “Las lechuzas” encontré el mayor número de especies (10). Categoricé tres tipos de percha usados por los murciélagos dentro de las cuevas: (I) pequeñas bóvedas formadas como depresiones en el techo, (II) espacios angostos en medio de las estalactitas, (III) cavidades amplias entre las estalactitas y la pared en forma de campana. Las cuevas del PNTM contribuyen a la persistencia local de los murciélagos proveyéndoles de refugios, y existe la necesidad de conocer sobre los aspectos ecológicos y la importancia funcional de los murciélagos dentro de estas cuevas.
Eventos de electrocución de Aotus lemurinus (Primates: Aotidae) en los Andes Centrales de Colombia
Authors: Montilla Sebastián O. , Rios-Soto Julián Alberto , Mantilla-Castaño Juan Camilo , Patiño-Siro Dahian , Bustamante-Manrique Sebastián , Botero-Henao Nicolás , Ruiz Silvia , Arias-Monsalve Héctor Fabio , Link Andrés , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: September 2020

Los primates que habitan en los ecosistemas de montaña de la cordillera de Los Andes en Colombia están expuestos a fuertes amenazas como consecuencia del desarrollo de la infraestructura y la transformación del uso del suelo en lo que corresponde a la región más densamente poblada de Colombia. Para el género Aotus cuyos hábitos son principalmente nocturnos las amenazas sobre sus poblaciones no han sido bien documentadas hasta la fecha, aunque especies como el mono nocturno andino (Aotus lemurinus) ha sido catalogado como Vulnerable a nivel nacional y global. En este estudio, compilamos registros recientes de individuos de Aotus lemurinus muertos por electrocución accidental en cuatro departamentos de los Andes Centrales de Colombia. Estos registros contribuyen al conocimiento previo sobre esta problemática a nivel nacional y resaltan la necesidad de formular e implementar estrategias de mitigación del riesgo de electrocución para esta y otras especies.
Implikatur Non-Konvensional pada Novel 5 Cm Karya Dony Dirgantara
Authors: Dicky Irawan Windo
Published: September 2020

This research on non-conventional Implications is based on the 5 cm Novel by Donny Dirgantara. A literary work can be researched, enjoyed, and lived in, as well as studies related to real-life images used by the author. Readers can look for implicit meanings, or something different from what the speaker actually says. Therefore, the aim of this study is to look at the conversations of the characters in Donny Dhirgantoro's 5cm novel non-conventional. The method used in this research is descriptive method through a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the research, there are twelve non-conventional data that have the meaning of meaning, namely wanting to imply something with the truth.
Ikon, Indeks, dan Simbol dalam Cerpen Tiga Cerita tentang Lidah Karya Guntur Alam
Authors: Prayogi Rahmat , Ratnaningsih Dewi
Published: September 2020

This article discusses icons, indexes, and symbols in a short story. The semiotic approach is used as a literary approach to discuss this. The short story to be analyzed is the short story Three Stories About the tongue by Guntur Alam. The titles are (1) the death of the bitter tongue, (2) the tongue which tells of jurai; (3) Storyteller Tongue Wars. Each story title will be analyzed using icon, index, and symbol theory. Following is the explanation of the analysis results of the three story titles. Study of icons, indexes, and symbols in the death of the bitter tongue. The icon in the story of the death of the bitter tongue can be seen from the word "bitter tongue", the index can be seen from the incident "the death of the character Mak Yun", and the symbol can be seen from the people's actions, namely distrust of the medical world. Study of icons, indices, and symbols in Tongues that tell the story of jurai. The word Ebok is an icon of a father figure who has passed away. The index can be seen from the condition / fact that the father of my character is a bad person (has two wives). Symbols can be seen from the word sharp nosed, dark skin, bridesmaids, curly hair with thick lips are symbols of someone who is hedonistic. Study of icons, indexes and symbols in the Storyteller's Tongue War. The word coffee shop or coffee shop is an icon of the setting where the tongue war took place. The index was marked on the incident of the tongue war between Cik lam and Cik Mim. Symbol seen from the word grunt which means to breathe hard which indicates a heartbeat that is also beating fast (anger).
Los factores que propician la inejecución de sentencias en los procesos contenciosos administrativos sobre pago de obligaciones dinerarias en los juzgados mixtos de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Puno en el año 2012
Authors: Cervantes Alagon Stephanie Liz
Published: September 2020

Con el desarrollo de la presente investigación, se tiene por objetivo, el análisis de los factores que propician la inejecución de sentencias contencioso administrativas sobre pago de obligaciones dinerarias en los juzgados mixtos de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Puno en el año 2012, el tipo de investigación corresponde al tipo descriptivocuantitativo, puesto que se busca describir los hechos en un solo tiempo conforme a los expedientes analizados, de los cuales se refleja la demasiada carga procesal respecto a procesos contenciosos administrativos que contengan la obligación de dar suma de dinero, los mismos que no tienen un cumplimiento efectivo de la sentencia y no se ven reflejados en la realidad y conforme a ello, proponer alternativas de solución que agilicen la ejecución de sentencias en materia contencioso administrativa.
LOS DELITOS DE CORRUPCIÓN DE FUNCIONARIOS, SU TRATAMIENTO EN EL MARCO DEL NUEVO CÓDIGO PROCESAL PENAL Y LA NECESIDAD DE INTRODUCIR MODIFICACIONES DE CARÁCTER LEGISLATIVO Y DE POLÍTICA CRIMINAL
Authors: Pineda Gonzales José Alfredo , Galvez Condori Walter Salvador , Velasquez Miranda José
Published: September 2020

La corrupción de funcionarios es la temática de la presente investigación y resulta en la presente coyuntura un tema de plena y alarmante actualidad, sobre todo en su naturaleza penal, su regulación, investigación y sanción. Los delitos de corrupción de funcionarios se encuentran regulados en el Código Penal y respecto de su comisión se articula un sistema de investigación y sanción, que se inicia en la labor del Ministerio Público –en colaboración con la Policía Nacional- y continua en el Poder Judicial, donde finalmente se determina la responsabilidad del funcionario y se sanciona. La investigación se ejecutó el año dos mil dieciséis entre los meses de enero a diciembre, periodo que abarcó las actividades de recolección de información, tanto de nivel teórico doctrinario, legislativo y jurisprudencial, como de campo, en las ciudades de Puno, Arequipa, Lima y Ancash, donde se entrevistó a Fiscales y Procuradores anticorrupción. La metodología utilizada es básicamente de carácter descriptiva- explicativa, y exegética, pues se analiza la legislación vigente, se valoró las estadísticas de producción jurisdiccional y se recibieron las opiniones de los operadores de justicia . Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que la actual legislación contenida en el Código Penal y Código Procesal Penal evidencian deficiencias que no contribuyen a una lucha eficaz contra la corrupción.De igual manera la ausencia de un manejo logístico idóneo, así como una política anticorrupción contribuyen a no obtener logros significativos en la lucha contra la corrupción de funcionarios, lo que genera una baja estadística de sentencias condenatorias.
LOS PROBLEMAS DE REDACCIÓN Y ELABORACIÓN DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE PERÚ DE 1993: UN ACERCAMIENTO PRELIMINAR A SUS BASES HISTÓRICAS
Authors: Ponce Flores Galimberty Rossinaldo
Published: September 2020

El hilo conductor del presente trabajo es el análisis sobre los problemas de origen o elaboración que presenta la Constitución Política de Perú de 1993. La intención es dar cuenta de los inconvenientes que se produjeron al momento de redactar y aprobar dicho texto constitucional. En esa línea, la pregunta a responder es ¿si la Constitución Política de Perú de 1993 tiene origen democrático? Dar respuesta a la pregunta evidenció que: i) en el momento que se redactaba la Constitución se presenció el golpe de Estado del 5 abril de 1992; ii) no hubo consenso ciudadano para aprobar el referido texto constitucional, y, iii) la principal fuerza que dio contenido a todo el texto constitucional fue Cambio 90 y Cambio 90-Nueva Mayoría (Fuerza política fundada y liderada por Alberto Fujimori Fujimori).De este modo, se puede apreciar que la génesis de la Constitución presenta problemas en términos democráticos, ya que no se propició la participación de la población, asimismo,la gran mayoría de su contenido fue trabajado por el oficialismo (congresistas del partido de gobierno).
NEUROCIENCIA Y DERECHO: ENTORNO NEUROCIENTÍFICO, DINTORNO JURÍDICO Y CONTORNO CONCEPTUAL
Authors: Castilla Colquehuanca Jhoni Shang
Published: September 2020

El artículo es una breve introducción de un tema que hoy en día tiene mucha acogida en el ámbito cognitivo no solo jurídico sino también general y, a la vez, trata de mostrar los aspectos en los cuales se producen encuentros y desencuentros entre un saber de cierta antigüedad, como lo es el Derecho, y un saber relativamente nuevo, que se vienedesarrollando, como lo es la (s) neurociencia (s). Hemos visto por conveniente asumir el título, debido a que el saber «neurocientífico» - si se nos permite la expresión- se presenta, tal cual se tienen los avances de los estudios sobre la materia, como un saber que lo explicaría todo sobre el ser humano -por eso hablamos del entorno neurocientífico-, con relación al saber jurídico, el cual se muestra como un conjunto de cosas (tesis, postulados, etc.) que se engloban bajo la expresión Derecho -que sería el dintorno jurídico-, así como explicarque para lograr interacción o supeditación o lo que corresponda, se debe superar ciertos conceptos que constituirían el contorno del saber jurídico (como son el libre albedrio que, en el Derecho, inspiran aspectos como la autonomía de la voluntad, entre otros), sobre loscuales se ha construido buena parte de tal saber -que constituirían el contorno conceptual.
EL PROBLEMA DE SELECCIÓN DE LOS MIEMBROS DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL PERUANO
Authors: Tipula Mamani Francisco
Published: September 2020

Mediante el presente artículo se abordara el problema de la selección de los Magistrados del Tribunal Constitucional, previstos en el tercer párrafo del artículo 201° de la Constitución Política del Perú, para lo cual acudimos a la metodología cualitativo, es decir fue descriptivo y explicativo de teorías e instituciones jurídicas que permitan identificar las características y la interpretación de alcances en la selección adecuada de los magistrados a fin de que pueda garantizar el control constitucional, sin mayor naturaleza política; en tal sentido es necesario establecer los mecanismos constitucionales que permitan la selección democrática de los miembros del Tribunal Constitucional.
EL FEMINICIDIO DESDE LA ESCUELA POSITIVA
Authors: Becerra Ponce Gabriela Noem , Coacalla Paricahua Franchesca Paola , Ramos Llanqui Mayli Zunila , Quispe Canales Roberto Carlos
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo estudiaremos el feminicidio desde la escuela positiva. Para ello, comenzaremos con una breve descripción de cada escuela penal como son la clásica, la ecléctica y la positiva, para luego desarrollar con mayor amplitud cada postulado de la escuela positiva enfocándonos en el feminicido, delito que cada día se incrementa en nuestra sociedad peruana.  De acuerdo a los postulados de la escuela positiva tenemos por objetivos: Analizar si el estudio del delincuente es suficiente para la prevención que propugna esta escuela, determinar si el libre albedrio influye en la conducta del delincuente y analizar si la pena funciona como prevención del feminicidio.
Primeira olimpíada brasileira de matemática dos anos iniciais – OBMEP: uma análise dos resultados obtidos pelos alunos e das percepções dos professores sobre o instrumento aplicado
Authors: Liell Cláudio Cristiano , Bayer Arno
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo, parte de uma pesquisa de Pós doutorado, analisa a participação dos estudantes de 4º e 5º anos na 1ª Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas – Nível A e as percepções dos seus professores sobre a avaliação aplicada. A pesquisa foi elaborada por meio de respostas oriundas de questionários respondidos por 92 professores e gestores das escolas públicas do Vale dos Sinos, Paranhana e Caí sobre o desempenho dos seus alunos nas provas e a compreensão destes envolvidas sobre o instrumento aplicado. De acordo com resultados obtidos, as questões com maior porcentagem de alunos que cometeram erros, referem-se principalmente aos conteúdos das unidades temáticas de álgebra, grandezas e medidas; para metade dos professores, as questões apresentaram um grau de dificuldade superior das que são trabalhadas em aula; de forma expressiva os educadores apresentam dificuldade de trabalho em sala de aula com questões de Geometria e álgebra e destacam que nas escolas não deixam trabalhar estes conteúdos, porque pedem para priorizar as quatro operações.
Subtitling for streaming platforms: new techonologies, old issues
Authors: Campos Giovana Cordeiro , Azevedo Thais de Assis
Published: September 2020

This article discusses part of the translation process for subtitling on streaming platforms. Based on the theoretical framework of Translation Studies, more specifically Audiovisual Translation, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of the field, given that streaming is a new technology with implications for the field of translation. As a study corpus, the first season of the Netflix series Outlander is analyzed, focusing on the subtitle review process and reading speed. It was observed that technological innovations seem to reinforce old issues, such as the belief in total fidelity
Poetas-tradutores: quando a tradução encontra a criação
Authors: Aseff Marlova Gonsales
Published: September 2020

Este artigo especula os motivos pelos quais muitos poetas brasileiros se dedicam à tradução de poesia ao invés de trabalharem exclusivamente em seus projetos de criação “autoral”. Partimos da constatação de que os poetas foram os grandes responsáveis pela tradução e publicação de poesia estrangeira no Brasil na segunda metade do século passado e na primeira década deste século, apesar de a autoria tida como “original” ter sido considerada, pelo menos desde o Romantismo, superior ou mais digna de apreço do que a tradução. Conclui-se que os poetas que recorrem à tradução o fazem, em geral, tendo em mente pelo menos três intenções não-excludentes: a) demarcar as suas filiações ou afinidades com determinada família poética; b) proceder a um exercício de crítica e criação com a finalidade  de imergir na experiência da linguagem de outro poeta; c) influenciar os cânones, apontando rumos para a poesia local. Também são abordadas outras consequências das escolhas tradutórias dos poetas-tradutores para o sistema literário local.
Educação Física escolar: objetivos e estratégias para o ensino do atletismo
Authors: Scapin Gislei José , Costa Leandra Costa da
Published: September 2020

O corrente artigo é parte do produto de uma investigação de caráter teórico sobre o trato pedagógico do Esporte Atletismo na qualidade de conteúdo da Educação Física Escolar (EFE), objetivando, deste modo, verificar as publicações direcionadas ao ensino do Atletismo na EFE, identificando as modalidades trabalhadas, elencando os objetivos propostos para as aulas e listando as estratégias de ensino utilizadas. Metodologicamente, segue uma abordagem qualitativa a partir de uma revisão teórica-descritiva de periódicos e artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2008 - 2018) selecionados no Portal de Periódicos com os descritores ensino, Atletismo e escola. Com esta investigação evidenciamos um recorte do panorama do ensino do Atletismo na EFE, apresentando um acervo instrumental para pensar e elaborar o ensino desse esporte, bem como qualificar a formação de futuros professores.
A exclusão (normativa) em aulas de Educação Física: enfrentando a indisciplina por meio do modelo de ensino sport education
Authors: Souza Hadamo Fernandes de , Costa Jonatas Maia da
Published: September 2020

O artigo aborda uma intervenção pedagógica com estudantes que eram punidos com a exclusão das aulas de Educação Física por apresentarem mau comportamento na escola. Procuramos experimentar o modelo Sport Education no enfrentamento à indisciplina em uma escola da rede pública. A pesquisa objetivava identificar e compreender possíveis mudanças atitudinais em estudantes tidos como indisciplinados. O estudo teve na pesquisa-ação seus princípios metodológicos e o grupo focal e questionário como instrumentos de produção de dados. O Sport Education carrega potencial de apropriação crítica da cultura corporal. O trabalho coletivo pode ser uma estratégia pedagógica alternativa na melhoria de comportamento dos estudantes caso a mediação se realize em compasso ao recrudescimento das relações afetivas entre professores e estudantes. A indisciplina permanece tema complexo e desafia os educadores. Entretanto, é fundamental superar o problema da exclusão normativa das aulas de Educação Física por ocasião da indisciplina.
Modulation of springtime surface sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the interannual variability of East Asian dust cycle
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Duan Anmin , Shi Zhengguo , Li Xinzhou , Sun Hui , Liu Xiaodong , Cheng Xugeng , Zhao Tianliang , Che Huizheng , Liu Yangang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Previous observational evidence and numerical simulations have revealed that the surface sensible heating in spring (March–April–May, MAM) over
the Tibetan Plateau (TPSH) can affect the Asian regional hydrological cycle, surface energy balance, and climate through altering atmospheric heat
source of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study aims to investigate the impacts of MAM TPSH on the interannual variability of East Asian dust cycle
by using CAM4-BAM (version 4 of the Community Atmosphere Model coupled to a bulk aerosol model), MERRA-2 (version 2 of the Modern-Era
Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) surface dust concentration, and TPSH measurements. Our simulations show that the surface dust
concentrations over the East Asian (EA) dust source region and over the northwestern Pacific (NP) in MAM are significantly positively correlated
with TPSH, with regionally averaged correlation coefficients of 0.49 for EA and 0.44 for NP. Similar positive correlations are also shown between
the MAM TPSH measurements averaged over the 73 observation sites and the surface dust concentration from MERRA-2. Simulation-based comparisons
between strongest and weakest TPSH years reveal that, the MAM surface dust concentration in the strongest TPSH years increases with relative
differences of 13.1 % over EA and 36.9 % over NP. These corresponding differences are found in MERRA-2 with 22.9 % and 13.3 % over
EA and NP, respectively. Further simulated results show that the processes of whole dust cycles (e.g., dust loading, emission, and transport, as
well as dust deposition) are also significantly enhanced during the strongest TPSH years over EA and NP. Through enhancing the TP heat source,
stronger TPSH in MAM generates an anticyclonic anomaly in middle and upper troposphere over the TP and over the downstream Pacific region,
respectively. These atmospheric circulation anomalies induced by the increased TPSH result in increasing the westerly winds over both EA and NP,
which in turn increases dust emissions over the dust source, and dust transport over these two regions, as well as the regional dust cycles. These
results suggest that addressing the East Asian dust changes in the future climates requires considering not only increasing greenhouse gas emissions
but also the variations of the TP's heat source under global warming.
Location controls the findings of ground-based PSC observations
Authors: Tesche Matthias , Achtert Peggy , Pitts Michael C.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Spaceborne observations of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) with the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite provide a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of Arctic and Antarctic PSCs as well as their microphysical properties. However, advances in understanding PSC microphysics also require measurements with ground-based instruments, which are often superior to CALIOP in terms of, e.g. time resolution, measured parameters, and signal-to-noise ratio. This advantage is balanced by the location of ground-based PSC observations and their dependence on tropospheric cloudiness. CALIPSO observations during the boreal winters from December 2006 to February 2018 and the austral winters 2012 and 2015 are used to assess the representativeness of ground-based PSC observations with lidar in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. Information on tropospheric and stratospheric clouds from the CALIPSO Cloud Profile product (05kmCPro version 4.10) and the Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) mask version 2, respectively, is combined on a profile-by-profile basis to identify conditions under which a ground-based lidar is likely to perform useful measurements for the analysis of PSC occurrence. It is found that the location of a ground-based measurement together with the related tropospheric cloudiness can have a profound impact on the derived PSC statistics and that these findings are rarely in agreement with polar-wide results from CALIOP observations. Considering the current polar research infrastructure, it is concluded that the most suitable sites for the expansion of capabilities for ground-based lidar observations of PSCs are Summit and Villum in the Arctic and Concordia, Troll, and Vostok in the Antarctic.
Intra-annual variations of spectrally resolved gravity wave activity in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) region
Authors: Sedlak René , Zuhr Alexandra , Schmidt Carsten , Wüst Sabine , Bittner Michael , Didebulidze Goderdzi G. , Price Colin
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The period range between 6 and 480 min is known to represent
the major part of the gravity wave spectrum driving mesospheric dynamics. We
present a method using wavelet analysis to calculate gravity wave activity
with a high period resolution and apply it to temperature data acquired with
the OH* airglow spectrometers called GRIPS (GRound-based Infrared P-branch
Spectrometer) within the framework of the NDMC (Network for the Detection of
Mesospheric Change; https://ndmc.dlr.de, last access: 22 September 2020). We analyse data measured at the
NDMC sites Abastumani in Georgia (ABA; 41.75∘ N,
42.82∘ E), ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research) in Norway (ALR; 69.28∘ N,
16.01∘ E), Neumayer Station III in the Antarctic (NEU;
70.67∘ S, 8.27∘ W), Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France (OHP;
43.93∘ N, 5.71∘ E), Oberpfaffenhofen in Germany (OPN;
48.09∘ N, 11.28∘ E), Sonnblick in Austria (SBO;
47.05∘ N, 12.95∘ E), Tel Aviv in Israel (TAV;
32.11∘ N, 34.80∘ E), and the Environmental Research
Station Schneefernerhaus on top of Zugspitze mountain in Germany (UFS;
47.42∘ N, 10.98∘ E). All eight instruments are
identical in construction and deliver consistent and comparable data sets. For periods shorter than 60 min, gravity wave activity is found to be
relatively low and hardly shows any seasonal variability on the timescale
of months. We find a semi-annual cycle with maxima during winter and summer
for gravity waves with periods longer than 60 min, which gradually develops
into an annual cycle with a winter maximum for longer periods. The
transition from a semi-annual pattern to a primarily annual pattern starts
around a gravity wave period of 200 min. Although there are indications of
enhanced gravity wave sources above mountainous terrain, the overall pattern
of gravity wave activity does not differ significantly for the
abovementioned observation sites. Thus, large-scale mechanisms such as
stratospheric wind filtering seem to dominate the evolution of mesospheric
gravity wave activity.
Model Enforced Post-Process Correction of Satellite Aerosol Retrievals
Authors: Lipponen Antti , Kolehmainen Ville , Kolmonen Pekka , Kukkurainen Antti , Mielonen Tero , Sabater Neus , Sogacheva Larisa , Virtanen Timo H. , Arola Antti
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Satellite-based aerosol retrievals provide a timely global view of atmospheric aerosol properties for air quality, atmospheric characterization, and correction of satellite data products and climate applications. Current aerosol data products based on satellite data, however, often have relatively large biases relative to accurate ground-based measurements and distinct levels of uncertainty associated with them. These biases and uncertainties are often caused by oversimplified assumptions and approximations used in the retrieval algorithms due to unknown surface reflectance or fixed aerosol models. Moreover, the retrieval algorithms do not usually take advantage of all the possible observational data collected by the satellite instruments and may, for example, leave some spectral bands unused. The improvement and the re-processing of the past and current operational satellite data retrieval algorithms would become a tedious and computationally expensive task. To overcome this burden, we have developed a model enforced post-process correction approach that can be used to correct the existing and operational satellite aerosol data products. Our approach combines the existing satellite aerosol retrievals and a post-processing step carried out with a machine learning based correction model for the approximation error in the retrieval. The developed approach allows for the utilization of auxiliary data sources, such as meteorological information, or additional observations such as spectral bands unused by the original retrieval algorithm. The post-process correction model can learn to correct for the biases and uncertainties in the original retrieval algorithms. As the correction is carried out as a post-processing step, it allows for computationally efficient re-processing of existing satellite aerosol datasets with no need to fully reprocess the much larger original radiance data. We demonstrate with over land aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of Aqua satellite that our approach can significantly improve the accuracy of the satellite aerosol data products and reduce the associated uncertainties. We also give recommendations for the validation of satellite data products that are constructed using machine learning based models.
PHIPS-HALO: the airborne particle habit imaging and polar
scattering probe – Part 3: Single Particle Phase Discrimination and
Particle Size Distribution based on Angular Scattering Function
Authors: Waitz Fritz , Schnaiter Martin , Leisner Thomas , Järvinen Emma
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A major challenge for for in-situ observations in mixed phase clouds remains the phase discrimination and sizing of cloud hydrometeors. In this work, we present a new method to determine the phase of individual cloud hydrometeors based on their angular light scattering behaviour employed by the PHIPS airborne cloud probe. The phase discrimination algorithm is based on the difference of distinct features in the angular scattering function of spherical and aspherical particles. The algorithm is calibrated and validated using a large data set gathered during two in-situ aircraft campaigns in the Arctic and outhern Ocean. Comparison of the algorithm with manually classified particles showed that we can confidently discriminate between spherical and aspherical particles with a 98 % accuracy. Furthermore, we present a method to derive particle size distributions based on single particle angular scattering data for particles in a size range from 100 μm
Distribution of chlorine and fluorine in benthic foraminifera
Authors: Roepert Anne , Polerecky Lubos , Geerken Esmee , Reichart Gert-Jan , Middelburg Jack J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Over the last few decades, a suite of inorganic proxies based on foraminiferal calcite have been developed, some of which are now widely used for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Studies of foraminiferal shell chemistry have largely focused on cations and oxyanions, while much less is known about the incorporation of anions. The halogens fluoride and chloride are conservative in the ocean, which makes them candidates for reconstructing palaeoceanographic parameters. However, their potential as a palaeoproxy has hardly been explored, and fundamental insight into their incorporation is required.
Here we used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to investigate, for the first time, the distribution of Cl and F within shell walls of four benthic species of foraminifera. In the rotaliid species Ammonia tepida and Amphistegina lessonii, Cl and F were distributed highly heterogeneously within the shell walls, forming bands that were co-located with the bands observed in the distribution of phosphorus (significant positive correlation of both Cl and F with P; p<0.01). In the miliolid species Sorites marginalis and Archaias angulatus, the distribution of Cl and F was much more homogeneous without discernible bands. In these species, Cl and P were spatially positively correlated (p<0.01), whereas no correlation was observed between Cl and F or between F and P. Additionally, their F content was about an order of magnitude higher than in the rotaliid species. The high variance in the Cl and F content in the studied foraminifera specimens could not be attributed to environmental parameters.
Based on these findings, we suggest that Cl and F are predominately associated with organic linings in the rotaliid species. We further propose that Cl may be incorporated as a solid solution of chlorapatite or may be associated with organic molecules in the calcite in the miliolid species. The high F content and the lack of a correlation between Cl and F or P in the miliolid foraminifera suggest a fundamentally different incorporation mechanism. Overall, our data clearly show that the calcification pathway employed by the studied foraminifera governs the incorporation and distribution of Cl, F, P, and other elements in their calcite shells.
Nutrient utilization and diatom productivity changes in the low-latitude SE Atlantic over the past 70 kyr: Response to Southern Ocean leakage
Authors: Hendry Katharine , Romero Oscar , Pashley Vanessa
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Eastern Boundary Upwellings (EBUs) are some of the key loci of biogenic silica (opal) burial in the modern ocean, representing important productive coastal systems that extraordinarily contribute to marine organic carbon fixation. The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), in the low-latitude SE Atlantic, is one of the major EBUs, which is under the direct influence of nutrient-rich Southern Ocean waters. Quantification of past changes in diatom productivity through time, in response to Late Quaternary climatic change, feeds into our understanding of the sensitivity of EBUs to future climatic perturbations. Existing sediment archives of silica cycling include: opal burial fluxes, diatom assemblages and opaline silicon isotopic variations (denoted by d30Si). Burial fluxes and siliceous assemblages are limited to recording the remains reaching the sediment (i.e. export), and d30Si variations are complicated by species-specific influences and seasonality. Here, we present the first species-specific d30Si record from the BUS, encompassing full glacial conditions to the Holocene. In addition to export, our new data allows us to reconstruct utilisation of dissolved Si in surface waters in an area with strong input from Southern Ocean waters. Our new archives show that there was enhanced upwelling of Southern Ocean Si-rich water, and accompanied strong silicic acid utilisation by coastal dwelling diatoms, during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (60–40 kyr). This pulse of strong silicic acid utilisation was followed by a weakening of upwelling and coastal diatom Si utilisation into MIS2, before an increase in pelagic diatom Si utilisation across the deglaciation. We combine our findings with mass balance model experiments to show that changes in surface water silica cycling through time are a function of both upwelling intensity and utilisation changes, illustrating the sensitivity of EBUs to climatic change on glacial-interglacial scales.
Impact of horizontal resolution on global ocean–sea ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2)
Authors: Chassignet Eric P. , Yeager Stephen G. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Bozec Alexandra , Castruccio Frederic , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Horvat Christopher , Kim Who M. , Koldunov Nikolay , Li Yiwen , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Sein Dmitry V. , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Xu Xiaobiao
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global
climate variables from a suite of four pairs of matched low- and
high-resolution ocean and sea ice simulations that are obtained following
the OMIP-2 protocol (Griffies et al., 2016) and integrated for one cycle
(1958–2018) of the JRA55-do atmospheric state and runoff dataset (Tsujino et
al., 2018). Our goal is to assess the robustness of climate-relevant
improvements in ocean simulations (mean and variability) associated with
moving from coarse (∼ 1∘) to eddy-resolving
(∼ 0.1∘) horizontal resolutions. The models
are diverse in their numerics and parameterizations, but each low-resolution
and high-resolution pair of models is matched so as to isolate, to the
extent possible, the effects of horizontal resolution. A variety of
observational datasets are used to assess the fidelity of simulated
temperature and salinity, sea surface height, kinetic energy, heat and
volume transports, and sea ice distribution. This paper provides a crucial
benchmark for future studies comparing and improving different schemes in
any of the models used in this study or similar ones. The biases in the
low-resolution simulations are familiar, and their gross features –
position, strength, and variability of western boundary currents, equatorial
currents, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current – are significantly improved in
the high-resolution models. However, despite the fact that the
high-resolution models “resolve” most of these features, the improvements
in temperature and salinity are inconsistent among the different model
families, and some regions show increased bias over their low-resolution
counterparts. Greatly enhanced horizontal resolution does not deliver
unambiguous bias improvement in all regions for all models.
Cross-Diffusion Waves as a trigger for multiscale, multiphysics Instabilities: Application to earthquakes
Authors: Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman , Schrank Christoph , Chen Xiao , Clavijo Santiago Peña , Kelka Ulrich , Karrech Ali , Gaede Oliver , Blach Tomasz , Roshan Hamid , Jacquey Antoine B. , Szymczak Piotr
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Theoretical approaches to earthquake instabilities propose shear-dominated instabilities as a source mechanism. Here we take a fresh look at the role of possible volumetric instabilities preceding a shear instability. We investigate the phenomena that may prepare earthquake instabilities using the coupling of Thermo-Hydro-Mechano-Chemical reaction-diffusion equations in a THMC diffusion matrix. We show that the off-diagonal cross-diffusivities can give rise to a new class of waves known as cross-diffusion waves. Their unique property is that for critical conditions cross-diffusion waves can funnel wave energy into a quasi-stationary wave focus from large to small-scale. The equivalent extreme event in ocean waves and optical fibres leads to the appearance of rogue waves and high energy pulses of light in lasers. In the context of hydromechanical coupling, a rogue wave would appear as a sudden fluid pressure spike on the future fault plane. This is here interpreted as a trigger for the ultimate (shear) seismic moment release.
Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs
Authors: Panettieri Marco , Courtier-Murias Denis , Rumpel Cornelia , Dignac Marie-France , Almendros Gonzalo , Chabbi Abad
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In a context of global change, soil has been identified
as a potential carbon (C) sink, depending on land-use strategies. To detect
the trends in carbon stocks after the implementation of new agricultural
practices, early indicators, which can highlight changes in short timescales, are required. This study proposes the combined use of stable isotope probing and
chemometrics applied to solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to unveil the
dynamics of the storage and mineralization of soil carbon (C) pools. We focused on light
organic matter fractions isolated by density fractionation of soil water
stable aggregates because they respond faster to changes in land use than
the total soil organic matter (SOM). Samples were collected from an agricultural field experiment with grassland, continuous maize cropping, and ley grassland under temperate climate conditions. Our results indicated contrasting aggregate dynamics depending on land-use
systems. Under our experimental conditions, grassland returns larger amounts of C as belowground inputs than maize cropping, evidencing a different distribution of light C fractions between aggregate classes. Coarse aboveground inputs from maize contributed mostly to larger
macroaggregates. Land-use changes with the introduction of ley grassland
provoked a decoupling of the storage and/or degradation processes after the
grassland phase. The newly derived maize inputs were barely degraded during
the first 3 years of maize cropping, whereas grassland-derived material
was depleted. As a whole, results suggest large microbial proliferation as
shown by 13C NMR under permanent grassland, then reduced within the
first years after the land-use conversion, and finally restored. The study
highlighted a fractal structure of the soil, determining a scattered spatial distribution of the cycles of storage and degradation of soil organic matter related to detritusphere dynamics. As a consequence, vegetal inputs from a new land use are creating new detritusphere microenvironments that may be disconnected from the dynamics of C cycle of the previous land use. The formation of those different and unconnected microenvironments may explain the observed legacy effect of the previous land use, since each
microenvironment type contributes separately to the overall soil C cycle.
The effects of the new land use on the soil C cycle are delayed until the
different detritusphere microenvironments remain unconnected, and the ones
from the previous land use represent the predominant microenvironment type.
Increasing knowledge of the soil C dynamics at a fine scale will be
helpful in refining the prediction models and land-use policies.
A Lagrangian analysis of the dynamical and thermodynamic drivers of large-scale Greenland melt events during 1979–2017
Authors: Hermann Mauro , Papritz Lukas , Wernli Heini
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In this study, we systematically investigate the dynamical and thermodynamic processes that lead to 77 large-scale melt events affecting high-elevation regions of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in June–August (JJA) 1979–2017. For that purpose, we compute 8 d kinematic backward trajectories from the lowermost ∼500 m above the GrIS during these events. The key synoptic feature accompanying the melt events is an upper-tropospheric ridge southeast of the GrIS associated with a surface high-pressure system. This circulation pattern is favorable to induce rapid poleward transport (up to 40∘ latitude) of warm (∼15 K warmer than climatological air masses arriving on the GrIS) and moist air masses from the lower troposphere to the western GrIS and subsequently to distribute them in the anticyclonic flow over north and east Greenland. During transport to the GrIS, the melt event air masses cool by ∼15 K due to ascent and radiation, which keeps them just above the critical threshold to induce melting. The thermodynamic analyses reveal that the final warm anomaly of the air masses is primarily owed to anomalous horizontal transport from a climatologically warm region of origin. However, before being transported to the GrIS, i.e., in their region of origin, these air masses were not anomalously warm. Latent heating from condensation of water vapor, occurring as the airstreams are forced to ascend orographically or dynamically, is of secondary importance. These characteristics were particularly pronounced during the most extensive melt event in early July 2012, where, importantly, the warm anomaly was not preserved from anomalously warm source regions such as North America experiencing a record heat wave. The mechanisms identified here are in contrast to melt events in the low-elevation high Arctic and to midlatitude heat waves, where adiabatic warming by large-scale subsidence is essential. Considering the impact of moisture on the surface energy balance, we find that radiative effects are closely linked to the air mass trajectories and enhance melt over the entire GrIS accumulation zone due to (i) enhanced downward longwave radiation related to poleward moisture transport and a shift in the cloud phase from ice to liquid primarily west of the ice divide and (ii) increased shortwave radiation in clear-sky regions east of the ice divide. Given the ongoing increase in the frequency and the melt extent of large-scale melt events, the understanding of upper-tropospheric ridges over the North Atlantic, i.e., also Greenland blocking, and its representation in climate models is crucial in determining future GrIS accumulation zone melt and thus global sea level rise.
Abstracts of the XXVII Medical Academic Congress of Unicamp, CoMAU, 2018
Authors: Executive Committee of IJMS IJMS
Published: September 2020

Abstracts of the Medical Academic Congress of Unicamp (CoMAU), 2018.
The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on New York Stock Exchange
Authors: Tlemsani Issam , Alghamdi Maram , Alomair Munira , Alsaleh Fatimah , Balhareth Samar , Alqutaim Munirah
Published: September 2020

The value of any stock market could change for several diverse reasons such as financial, economic and health. The value of the New York Stock Exchange market has reduced drastically in the first quarter of 2020 and expected to reduce further in the upcoming months, according to many economists (Ayittey et al., 2020; White, 2017). It will face a huge blow this year due to the appearance of the unexpected new virus (COVID-19). The New York Stock Exchange has fallen sharply for the first time in 23 years, causing a significant crash in consumer sentiment indexes, thereafter, decreasing the overall global stock market value (Financial Buzz, 2020). Such instances are rarely encountered, making investors to feel insecure and unsafe to make significant decisions about their investments. Together with these uncertainties and fears, many industries were badly affected and many other industries benefited from this global health crisis (Ayittey et al., 2020). Through this research paper, an exploration of the effects of COVID-19 on New York Stock Exchange market are done with support from expert opinions.