bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economical and Social Effects on Retirement Salaries of Participants and Beneficiaries From the Jordanian Social Security System
Authors: Soumadi Mustafa M.
Published: June 2020

The study aims to identify the reality of retirement salaries for the 1,200,000 insured employees at the social security network in Jordan, out of a total workforce of about 5,926,580, which means that 20% of the total number of employees is included in the social security system. The study aimed to make a comparison between the retirement salaries level and the cost of living level of the Jordanian family, which amounted to (854) JDs per month based on the spending and wages average at the Jordanian General Statistics Department, while the retirement salaries rate paid to the retirees of government and private sectors amounted to (494) JDs per month for the public sector and also (494) JDs per month for the family of private sector.The study viewed the retirement salaries rates according to the various economical activities for the years (2015/2016) and the results showed that average retirement salaries for those eligible social security participants (493) JDs per month, while the average beneficiaries who currently receive retirements salaries is about (576) JDs per month and their number about (193,763) thousand citizens. The study was also shocking as it turns out that retirement salary for the beneficiaries who receive retirement salaries now between (178) and (576) JDs, which means that many of the low beneficiaries segments and after (20) years of continuous service their retirement salaries don't reach the government-set poverty line of (339) JDs per month, and all salaries of participants who haven't reached the retirement age and the beneficiaries, the retirement salaries of 100% of them will not reach the sufficiency line or the average cost of living for the Jordanian family of (854) JDs per month. Study recommends the establishment of a higher wage council made up of economists, jurists, financial people, and representatives from the public and private sector, and the army, military, and security institutions to establish a fair wage system.
An Investigation of Metaphoric Cognition of First-Year College Students at Xinxiang Medical University, China
Authors: Ran Zhang , Dhamotharan Mogana
Published: June 2020

The “College English Teaching Reform Project”, issued by the Chinese Ministry of Education aims to strengthen the practical English instruction and improve the English language proficiency of the college students (Ministry of Education, 2007). However, the problem of “naturalness” in handling English by the college students still exists due to imbalanced language forms and concepts between their native language (Chinese) and target language (English). Since metaphor was referred to as only a figure of speech and often compared with simile in high schools, many students do not realize that it also can be a powerful cognitive tool. In order to ascertain the students’ metaphor cognition competence in General English and Medical English, a metaphor cognition questionnaire was distributed in a class and the results obtained show that the respondents can readily recognize the existence of metaphors in General English and the teachers’ instruction, and they know the essential function of metaphors. The results further show that many respondents understand metaphors in terms of the context rather than the images. However, only about half of them can effectively use metaphors in their writing and speaking.
The Modularized Construction on Translation Competence for Business English Majors in China
Authors: Lyu Jie
Published: June 2020

Translation competence has been a heated topic in recent years. Yet, business English majors (BEMs), as non-translation bilingual majors, also need training in translation competence. The paper intends to construct translation competence for BEMs through four modules: schema based on business knowledge; information types; cognitive thinking and post-editing based on machine translation. By integrating these four modules, the translation competence can be improved in a relatively short teaching time for BEMs.
Investigation of Physical Education Teachers’ Altruism Features
Authors: YİĞİT Şıhmehmet , ACAR Eyüp
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the research: it is aimed to examine whether the levels of altruism of Physical Education and sports teachers differ according to some variables. This research consists of a total of 126 teachers, 35 women and 91 men, who work as physical education and sports teachers at primary education secondary grade and secondary schools in Kütahya province. In the research, ‘Personal Information Form’ developed by the researcher and the 20-item Altruism scale, which consists of two factors and was formed by Ersanlı and Çabuker (2015) with the aim of developing a measurement tool that can measure the individual’s level of altruism and that is suitable for Turkish society and culture. In reliability validity analysis, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as α=.76.The analysis related to the questionnaire form used in the research and the scale was done through the SPSS 22 program. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were conducted for more than two independent sample groups. As a result of the research; when the results were analyzed according to gender, age, place of duty, school type, year variables of teachers working as physical education and sports teachers, no significant difference was seen due to the high level of teachers’ altruism points.
Entrepreneurship in Brazil: A Worthy Endeavor?
Authors: Moraes Igor Serpa , Camargo Neto Roque Pinto de , Queiroz Orellana Vivian S. , Menezes Gabrielito Rauter
Published: June 2020

This study analyzes if there are differences between the income of entrepreneurs and wage earners in Brazil. Using data from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey database, we estimate a Mincer equation, correcting for self-selection, which explains the choice of entrepreneurship in the function of earnings related to salaried work. Subsequently, the wage differential per category is decomposed using the Oaxaca-Blinder procedure. To complete the analysis, a detailed decomposition is used to identify the explained and unexplained components of the wage gap. The results indicate that personal, cultural, and demographic characteristics affect the entrepreneurial occupational choice as well the differential in the income of entrepreneurs and employees. On average, entrepreneurs earn approximately 19.68% more than salaried workers.
GAFF/IPolQ-Mod+LJ-Fit: Optimized force field parameters for solvation free energy predictions
Authors: Mecklenfeld Andreas , Raabe Gabriele
Published: June 2020

Rational drug design featuring explicit solubility considerations can greatly benefit from molecular dynamics simulations, as they allow for the prediction of the Gibbs free energy of solvation and thus relative solubilities. In our previous work (A. Mecklenfeld, G. Raabe. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13 no. 12 (2017) 6266–6274), we have compared solvation free energy results obtained with the General Amber Force Field (GAFF) and its default restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) partial charges to those obtained by modified implicitly polarized charges (IPolQ-Mod) for an implicit representation of impactful polarization effects. In this work, we have adapted Lennard-Jones parameters for GAFF atom types in combination with IPolQ-Mod to further improve the accuracies of solvation free energy and liquid density predictions. We thereby focus on prominent atom types in common drugs. For the refitting, 357 respectively 384 systems were considered for free energies and densities and validation was performed for 142 free energies and 100 densities of binary mixtures. By the in-depth comparison of simulation results for default GAFF, GAFF with IPolQ-Mod and our new set of parameters, which we label GAFF/IPolQ-Mod+LJ-Fit, we can clearly highlight the improvements of our new model for the description of both relative solubilities and fluid phase behaviour.
Solubility and ADMET profiles of short oligomers of lactic acid
Authors: Dascălu Daniela , Roman Diana Larisa , Filip Madalina , Ciorsac Alecu Aurel , Ostafe Vasile , Isvoran Adriana
Published: June 2020

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer with an increased potential to be used in different medical applications, including tissue engineering and drug-carries. The use of PLA in medical applications implies the evaluation of the human organism's response to the polymer inserting and to its degradation products. Consequently, within this study, we have investigated the solubility and ADMET profiles of the short oligomers (having the molecular weight lower than 3000 Da) resulting in degradation products of PLA. There is a linear decrease of the molar solubility of investigated oligomers with molecular weight. The results that are obtained also reveal that short oligomers of PLA have promising pharmacological profiles and limited toxicological effects on humans. These oligomers are predicted as potential inhibitors of the organic anion transporting peptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, they present minor probability to affect the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, have a weak potential of hepatotoxicity, and may produce eye injuries. These outcomes may be used to guide or to supplement in vitro and/or in vivo toxicity tests such as to enhance the biodegradation properties of the biopolymer.
Comparison of Intrathecal Injection of Fentanyl and Sufentanil on the Onset, Duration, and Quality of Analgesia in Labor: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Manouchehrian Nahid , Rabiei Soghra , Moradi Abbas , Lakpur Zahra
Published: June 2020

Background: Labor pain is a severe pain, and intrathecal opioid injection is one of the analgesia methods to reduce it. Objectives: We assessed the effects of intrathecal Fentanyl and Sufentanil on the onset, duration, and quality of analgesia for labor analgesia. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 54 healthy nulliparous women 18 - 45 years in the active phase of labor who were requesting labor analgesia were enrolled in two groups fentanyl (F) and sufentanil (S). Patients received 75 µg fentanyl or 7.5 µg sufentanil intrathecally in the fentanyl group (n = 27) and the sufentanil group (n = 27), respectively. Pain relief, onset, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic parameters, patients' satisfaction, and neonatal Apgar score were assessed in this study. Data were analyzed by using SPSS16. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic and hemodynamic parameters. The onset time of analgesia was 5.6 ± 4.3 and 3.6 ± 2.1 minutes, in the sufentanil and fentanyl groups, respectively (P = 0.037). The duration of analgesia was higher in patients who received sufentanil than those who received fentanyl (113 ± 45 vs. 103 ± 22 minutes (P = 0.629)). The pain score in the Fentanyl group was significantly lower at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after spinal analgesia (P < 0.05). The sedation score at 1 and 5 minutes was significantly higher in the fentanyl group than the sufentanil group (P < 0.05). The frequency and severity of pruritus and satisfaction rate in the fentanyl group were significantly higher than the sufentanil group. Conclusions: Intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil have a similar analgesic effect on labor. Fentanyl is associated with a faster onset of analgesia and more satisfaction, while sufentanil has longer analgesia.
2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children and Infants: Where We Are and What We Know?
Authors: Deravi Niloofar , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Ahsan Elahe , Mokhtari Melika , Vaezjalali Maryam
Published: June 2020

: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in Wuhan, China, there were more than 10,021,401 confirmed infected cases. This infection has spread to almost all countries around the world with reported high mortality and morbidity. Infections in children and infants have been reported as well. The condition of the infected children was mostly mild. To date, there have been reported deaths in pediatrics testing positive for COVID-19 in countries such as China, Italy and America. The therapy strategy for the children who suffer coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been based on the adult experience. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 infection in children and infants.
Psychometric Properties of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in Patients with Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders in Kashan City
Authors: Givehki Reza , Afshar Zanjani Hamid , Goli Farzad , Scheidt Carl Eduard , Zanjani Zahra , Omidi Abdollah
Published: June 2020

Background: The Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ) assesses cognitive flexibility and acceptance of body image. Objectives: This study was done to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of BI-AAQ, as an instrument to measure body image flexibility, in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders. Methods: This descriptive psychometric study was done in 2017 on 357 patients with somatic symptom and related disorders selected through a convenient sampling method from Kashan University of Medical Sciences clinics. They responded to the BI-AAQ, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). The reliability of the BI-AAQ was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. To assess its validity, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The gathered data were analyzed via SPSS-22 and Amos-22 software. Results: This version retained a one-factor structure, similar to the original version of the questionnaire, which explained 42.55% of the variance. It had high internal consistency (0.84), split-half method (0.77), and correlates with AAQ (0.45), mindfulness (0.39) and correlates contrastingly with stress (0.11), anxiety (0.36) and depression (0.43). Conclusions: According to the results of the current research, the BI-AAQ is a reliable instrument with valid psychometric properties to measure the body image acceptance of individuals in Iranian patients with somatic symptom and related disorders.
The Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders Among University Students, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Direkvand-Moghadam Ashraf , Piri Kosar , JamshidBeigi AmirReza , Taheri Safoura , Veisani Yousef
Published: June 2020

Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) are serious social problems that cause physiological and psychological disorders. Adolescents and youth are known as high-risk groups for SUD. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the pattern, prevalence, incidence, and etiology of SUD among all students studying at the Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam (Iran), during the academic year 2018 - 2019. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a multistage random sampling method was used to select the participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. This questionnaire was designed to collect information about the participant’s demographic data, social data, medical and behavioral data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 16 software. Results: Participants’ ages mean ± SD was 23.5 ± 3.2 years old. The incidence of substance abuse was higher among men compared to women. The main observed pattern of SUD was Marijuana among consumers. The curiosity and increased memory had the highest and lowest incidence, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of SUD is high among Iranian students, and most of them have begun SUD in adolescence and because of curiosity. It is necessary to augment adolescents’ and young people’s awareness of the SUD and addiction consequences.
Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Primary Tumors of the Clavicle
Authors: Yu Bao-Hai , Han Shu-Man , Sun Tao , Cao Lei , Wu Hui-Zhao , Shi Yun-Heng , Wen Jin-Xu , Wu Wen-Juan , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: June 2020

Background: The clinical and imaging presentations of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions in the clavicle are not clear. Objectives: To investigate the clinical and imaging presentations of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions in the clavicle for better diagnosis. Patients and Methods: Patients with clavicular diseases between 1963 and 2018 confirmed by pathology who had plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The age, sex, imaging data, radiological signs and location of the tumor at the clavicle of patients were analyzed and compared. Results: Eighty-one patients with clavicular diseases were identified including 49 males and 32 females with an age range of 2 - 76 years (mean, 42.6). There were malignant tumors in 50 cases (61.7%), intermediate in 12 (14.8%), and benign in 19 cases (23.5%). Malignant tumors included metastatic tumors in 31 cases (38.3%), plasma-cell myeloma in ten (12.3%), and osteosarcoma in four (4.9%). The intermediate bone tumors were mainly eosinophilic granuloma in six cases (7.4%), and aneurysmal bone cyst in three (3.7%). Benign tumors were mainly osteochondroma (6.2%), bone cyst (3.7%), and chondroma (3.7%). Malignant tumors had bone destruction, periosteal reaction, ill-defined margins and soft tissue masses. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions had well-defined margins. Conclusion: Many tumors may occur at the clavicle with more malignant than benign tumors with no specific imaging features in most lesions. A lesion near the sternal end with atypical benign imaging features should be considered as malignant.
Ensino de História: Educação Histórica no contexto de mudanças das práticas pedagógicas (Paraná, 2008).
Authors: Dias Sueli de Fátima , Cainelli Marlene Rosa
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo partimos do contexto de discussão do ensino de História e suas relações no currículo escolar brasileiro considerando o surgimento de diferentes práticas pedagógicas. Apresentamos estudos acerca da conjuntura das mudanças de fins do século XX e incorporação de novos paradigmas ao ensino da disciplina como a Educação Histórica. Ressaltamos, conforme as Diretrizes Curriculares de História, no Estado do Paraná (DCE-SEED-PR/2008), um aporte teórico-metodológico embasado na compreensão da consciência histórica e elementos que se relacionam com a Educação Histórica, indicando à atuação pedagógica do professor a associação entre passado-presente, produção de narrativas e a aula oficina. Este artigo integra-se às investigações da tese de doutoramento em desenvolvimento na Universidade Estadual de Londrina intitulada - Educação Histórica na formação e atuação dos professores: um campo em construção para os docentes da rede pública – SEED-PR, ressaltando a expansão das discussões em torno da temática da Educação Histórica que, em nossas hipóteses, influencia a formação e atuação de professores de História ressignificando suas práticas.
Reforma do Estado e políticas de avaliação da qualidade da Educação Básica no Brasil
Authors: Tosta Késia Silva , Ney Marlon Gomes , Silva Renata Maldonado da
Published: June 2020

A partir da revisão bibliográfica este ensaio tem como objetivo identificar o percurso histórico e os alicerces de destaque da teoria neoliberal e sua influência no Brasil a partir do início da década de 1990. Esse período é marcado pela recente redemocratização do país e estabelecimento legal das políticas sociais, entre elas a política de educação. Mas nesse momento de consagração de direitos, começa o processo de reforma do estado. A política de educação teve destaque dentro das reformas neoliberais, no qual o principal instrumento utilizado foram as avaliações em larga escala. A partir da adoção de receituários neoliberais, vê-se a negação dos preceitos constitucionais e a deficitária afirmação de direitos sociais. Para análise e problematização dessa temática, este artigo se divide em duas partes: i) “A Reforma do Estado e seus desdobramentos na política de educação brasileira”, que aborda a emergência da teoria neoliberal, seu alastramento no Brasil e impacto na política de educação; e ii) “Avaliação em Larga Escala”, que trata a forma como se dá a avaliação de políticas sociais, em especial na educação básica em larga escala. Compondo o trabalho também há as seções de introdução e considerações finais.
A perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa narrativa de cunho sociocultural: possibilidade metodológica na pesquisa em educação
Authors: Rhoden Juliana Lima Moreira , Zancan Silvana
Published: June 2020

A partir de uma discussão teórica, este artigo busca apresentar reflexões sobre a abordagem qualitativa narrativa de cunho sociocultural, como possibilidade metodológica na pesquisa em educação. Para isso, inicialmente, a proposta é introduzir a discussão tecendo algumas considerações sobre a pesquisa qualitativa, para, posteriormente, abordar sobre a possibilidade de investigação pela abordagem narrativa sociocultural. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal é refletir sobre algumas concepções teóricas desta perspectiva de investigação. Trata-se de uma abordagem que vem contribuindo para o avanço das pesquisas em educação, principalmente em relação às temáticas que envolvem o estudo sobre aprendizagem docente, atividade docente de estudo, construção do conhecimento pedagógico, desenvolvimento profissional, trajetórias e saberes docentes na educação básica e superior. Portanto, as investigações baseadas nessa abordagem possibilitam a compreensão do processo de transformação, sob seu aspecto histórico e de mudança, no qual os sujeitos que narram estão envolvidos.
Revisão integrativa: intersectando concepções de educação ambiental com referencial teórico marxiano
Authors: Machado Andreia de Bem , Santos João Vicente Alfaya dos
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar à luz da revisão sistemática o conceito de educação ambiental intersectando concepções de educação ambiental com o referencial teórico marxiano. Para tanto, realizou-se a análise bibliométrica a partir de uma busca sistemática na base de dados Scopus. Como resultado, identificou-se que a pesquisa emerge da Medicina; Ciências Sociais; Ciência Ambiental; Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas; Energia; Bioquímica, Genética e Biologia Molecular; Psicologia; Engenharia; Artes e Humanidades; Enfermagem; Economia, Econometria e Finanças; Ciências da Terra e Planetárias; Profissões da Saúde; Matemática; Negócios, Gestão e Contabilidade; Química; Multidisciplinar; Imunologia e Microbiologia; Ciências da decisão; Farmacologia, Toxicologia e Farmacêutica; Física e Astronomia; Veterinária; Ciência da Computação;  Ciência dos Materiais; Neurociência; Engenharia Química e Odontologia. A análise mostrou que embora a preocupação ambiental esteja nas mais diversas áreas, a contribuição do pensamento marxiano ainda não assimilada, mesmo entre aqueles que se dedicam à temática da educação ambiental em uma perspectiva “crítica”. O que se constatou é que a questão ambiental e as propostas de educação ambiental são tratadas com viés idealista (mudança de valores, de comportamentos individuais) e politicista, relegando ao Estado e à vontade política o papel decisório sobre essa temática.
Obra-aula: processos, procedimentos e criação de uma artistagem docente
Authors: Rodeghiero Thiago Heinemann , Rodrigues Carla Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

Este artigo versa sobre a contribuição que a arte contemporânea pode dar à docência. Objetiva-se evidenciar a possibilidade de uma Obra-Aula através da produção artística do pesquisador e como esta se relaciona com a artistagem (CORAZZA, 2013). Ao perceber os vazamentos que a arte contemporânea ocasiona à educação, mostra-se os encontros e experimentações com essas duas áreas. Delineia-se aqui um plano de consistência nas fronteiras borradas da filosofia, da arte e da educação. Nas Filosofias da Diferença de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2015) encontra-se potência para manifestar as transformações dos significados hegemônicos incrustados nos significantes e nos signos. Partindo desse desenho monta-se um agenciamento, responsável por evidenciar os picos de fuga das relações estabelecidas. Procura-se referências de arte no fazer junto de Allan Kaprow (2003, 2004, 2010), nas sensações de Kazimir Malevich (GIL, 2010) e na zona invisível de Marcel Duchamp (PAZ, 2014), orientação para a prática artística do pesquisador na qual a representação  de uma intenção em obra é rompida. O artigo se desenha em um método que se monta fazendo. Um passarinhar à moda de uma cartografia (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 2011a) que voa por um território encontrando forças passarinhar. Pousando sobre os artistas referência e bicando frutos poéticos, ele canta uma Obra-Aula que faz melodia com a artistagem docente (CORAZZA, 2012). Uma maneira de justapor elementos variados para pensar o impensado, bem como flautear o inflauteável.
The Women-only Passenger Carriage: Is It Helpful?
Authors: Prabowo Hendro , Rebeca Andreana , Salve Henny R. , Fatimah Firda F. , Chrisnatalia Maria , Prabawati Ira N. , Handayani Nita S.
Published: June 2020

In large metro areas such as Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi, the electric train (KRL) is a popular means of transportation because it runs quickly and on time despite being crowded. To help prevent the sexual harassment of female passengers, some KRL carriages are designated specifically for women. This study examines differences in female KRL passengers’ anxiety about sexual harassment in mixed carriages and women-only carriages on the Bogor–Jakarta route (n = 100) and Bekasi – Jakarta route (n = 110), using the Anxiety About Sexual Harassment Scale (Leitenberg & McNeil, 1990; Dacey, 2000). Significant differences in anxiety about sexual harassment were found among women who rode in women-only versus mixed carriages on the Bogor–Jakarta route but not on the Bekasi–Jakarta route. However, in general, participants who rode women-only carriages had higher anxiety than those who rode mixed carriages. This finding was confirmed by interviews with 35 female passengers (7 from the Bogor–Jakarta route, 28 from the Bekasi–Jakarta route). Some women expressed a preference for riding mixed cars because male passengers made room for them to enter or exit the cars and offered them seats. Meanwhile, some participants reported not choosing women-only carriages because the other passengers behaved aggressively.
Sexting and Sexual Satisfaction on Young Adults in Romantic Relationship
Authors: Oriza Imelda Ika Dian , Hanipraja Magdalena Anastasia
Published: June 2020

The integration of technology into everyday life contributes to the urgency to study virtual activities within the context of a romantic relationship, one of them being sexting or the exchange of sensual messages through communication technology. Sexting, until recently, had been looked upon as risky sexual behavior. Researchers, however, have come to view sexting as a positive activity in romantic relationships, especially in regards to sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction may be enhanced by sexting as it can function as a means of sexual communication and activity. This research aims to investigate the relationship between sexting and sexual satisfaction, especially with sexting as the predictor of sexual satisfaction. Regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis, and the result shows that sexting significantly predicted sexual satisfaction (F(1,70) = 8,602, p = 0,005, <0,01) with the determinant coefficient of 0,109, interpreable as 10,9% variance of sexual satisfaction explained by sexting.
Neuroscience, Wellbeing, and Urban Design: Our Universal Attraction to Vitality
Authors: Ellard Colin
Published: June 2020

Although urban planners and architects have understood that there is a relationship between the design of a setting and our thoughts and emotions, it is only recently that we have had the tools to properly dissect this relationship. New methods for measuring brain states in field settings in immersive virtual reality have generated a host of novel findings, but a theme that connects many of these findings together is the idea that human beings have a deep affinity for vitality at every level from the interior of a home to an urban streetscape. Not only this, but recent evidence suggests that we respond to the vitality of scenes almost immediately, even after exposures as brief as 50 milliseconds, possibly using ambient visual processing mechanisms that rely on our peripheral visual field. Further, when we sense and respond to vitality, positive affect increases, which in turn promotes affiliation and buffers us against urban loneliness. I will present findings from experiments both in the laboratory and in the field that show the power of vitality to effect behavioural change, and I will argue that harnessing this power is one of the keys to building a psychologically sustainable city.
A Brief Reflection on Open Science
Authors: Otgaar Henry
Published: June 2020

In the past years, the psychological community witnessed an outbreak of failures to replicate well-known psychological findings. These failures have undermined the credibility of the psychological field and have shaken the trust of practicioners and the public to psychological reseach. Some have called this period the replication crisis (e.g., Maxwell, Lau, & Howard, 2015). Others have termed this period the credibility revolution because these failures have caused psychological scientists to critically evaluate their used methodology and statistical apparatus and search for ways to improve them (e.g., Vazire, 2018). In this reflection, we give a short historical overview of important events that likely caused this credibility revolution. Furthermore, we describe a possible solution to address these failures to replicate psychological findings: Open Science. We discuss the basic idea behind Open Science and provide several recommendations for psychological scientists when designing and conducting psychological studies.
Chats About Daily Traffic: Agentic Adaptability of Jabodetabek Commuters to Minimize Stress and Transcend Everyday Lives
Authors: Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi
Published: June 2020

With the increasing number of people invading Greater Jakarta and the ongoing improvement of infrastructure in Greater Jakarta or Jabodetabek, one of the challenges faced by the community is traffic congestion. Previous studies revealed the negative impact of traffic congestion on community welfare and mental health. Thus, the present study aims to shed light on how Jabodetabek inhabitants and commuters experience, make sense, and adapt to daily traffic congestion. Data were obtained from discussions in six WhatsApp groups, which included a total of 160 respondents. The study supports the findings of previous studies, that is, traffic congestion leads to increased costs and losses and causes distress. However, the subjective perception of time management enables commuters to adapt to the situation. Nevertheless, the paper presents a novel finding: agentic adaptability of Jabodetabek commuters, which is evidenced by the ability to discover various means of adjusting to traffic congestion. Although effective policies are required to mitigate congestion, the good news is that many opportunities for adjustment await the community in terms of being stuck in traffic.
The Pivotal Novel Pathogenic Roles of Hyaluronic Acid and its Receptors in Gliomas
Authors: Richard Seidu A. , Kortei Nii Korley , Kampo Sylvanus
Published: June 2020

HA/CD44 as well as HA/RHAMM cross-talks resulted in glioma cell adhesion, mechanosensing, as well as invasive motility. RHAMM was overexpressed in DIPG and may contribute to the diffuse growth pattern and invasion in DIPG just like other forms of gliomas other than CD44. BEHAB/brevican could be a potential biomarker for glioma detection as well as its progression or malignancy.
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Antimicrobial Resistant among MBBS, BDS and BSc Nursing Students in the Northern State of India. An Observational-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bharti Rupendra K. , Pathania Joginder S. , Sood Vikas , Koshewara Pratima , Dewangan Tankeswar
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The knowledge, attitude & Practice of antimicrobials use and resistance is very essential to combat global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As there were many studies focused on MBBS undergraduates but none of these studies compared their outcome between two other major medical disciplines like BDS & BSc Nursing. Methods: It was an observational-based cross-sectional study, including 23 validated objectives based questionnaire. Out of 440 students, 359 students (94 MBBS, 52 BDS & 213 BSc Nursing) fulfilled the criteria and participated. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for Chicago Inc. was used and considered for descriptive analyses. Results: More than 81% of all participants had adequate knowledge of AMR but in the case of sore throat and cold 50% BDS, 49.3% BSc Nursing opt antibiotics as the first choice of drugs as compared to 33% MBBS students. More than 81% of participants not willing to prescribe their choice of drug in the sickness of family members. Giving leftover antibiotics was higher among MBSS students than others. Conclusion: As we observed, even after completion of pharmacology more specifically, antibiotics & chemotherapy chapters in their courses many students didn’t understand what; where; when; and whom they can use antibiotics in real scenarios. We have to teach them the practicality of global emergence of AMR because these students going to become doctors, dentist, and nurses in various medical fields and will help to combat against global AMR.
Evaluation of Concordance between Degenerative Changes on Neck X-Ray and Symptomatic Cervical Disc Herniation
Authors: Ghasemi Amir Abbas , Ramezanpour Saber
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Radiographic assessment of cervical spine can help find the etiology of neck symptoms, however association between these findings is debatable. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between degenerative changes of the cervical spine and symptomatic cervical disc herniation. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 160 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion between February 2012 and June 2017 for cervical disc herniation. Demographic data, patients’ symptoms and radiographic findings and indices were evaluated. The Chi-Square (X2) and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the observed data. Results: A total of 160 patients were studied. Among them, 83 (52%) were male and 77(48%) were female. The patients were classified into four groups on the basis of imaging findings: 89(55.6%) with degenerative changes and symptomatic disc herniation at the same level (group 1), 40(25%) with degenerative changes at a level adjacent to symptomatic level (group 2), 23(14.3%) with symptomatic herniation both at the degenerated level and at level immediately adjacent to it (group 3), and 8(5%) symptomatic herniation and degenerative changes at non-adjacent levels (group 4). There were no significant differences among the four groups from the viewpoint of gender, age, symptoms, smoking and sedentary life style. The study also showed no significant differences between groups with respect to Ishihara index, disc height and posterior osteophyte length. Conclusion: Degenerative changes visible on neck X-ray can be useful clues to the symptomatic disc herniation, but disc herniation may also develop at adjacent and non-adjacent levels.
Domestication and Foreignization in Key Cultural Text Translation: A Case Study of the English Translation of Lost in the Crowd
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehri , Sepora Tengku Mahadi Tengku
Published: June 2020

Translation of key cultural texts is a challenging area since these texts not only present intricacies of cultures but also distinguish them from each other. In spite of it, investigating the translation of key cultural texts is one of the neglected areas in the field of translation studies. In the light of Venuti’s (2008) concepts of domestication and foreignization strategies, this research examines translation of Islamic religious cultural terms in Lost in the Crowd by Al-e Ahmad from Persian into English. It also investigates possible relationship between the accuracy of translation and the choice of strategy. The findings of the study reveal that domestication was the dominant strategy opted for by translators in the translation process. Moreover, the findings show that majority of the Islamic Persian terms were rendered into English adequately but the rate of adequate translation using a domesticating strategy was much higher than foreignizing.
The Malay Language ‘Pantun’ of Melaka Chetti Indians in Malaysia: Malay Worldview, Lived Experiences and Hybrid Identity
Authors: Haimi Mohd Adnan Airil , Arunasalam Sathasivam Pillay Indrani
Published: June 2020

The Melaka Chetti Indians are a small community of ‘peranakan’ (Malay meaning ‘locally born’) people in Malaysia. The Melaka Chettis are descendants of traders from the Indian subcontinent who married local women, mostly during the time of the Melaka Malay Empire from the 1400s to 1500s. The Melaka Chettis adopted the local lingua franca ‘bahasa Melayu’ or Malay as their first language together with the ‘adat’ (Malay meaning ‘customs’) of the Malay people, their traditional mannerisms and also their literary prowess. Not only did the Melaka Chettis successfully adopted the literary traditions of the Malay people, they also adapted these arts forms to become part of their own unique hybrid identities based on their worldviews and lived experiences within the Malay Peninsula or more famously known as the Golden Chersonese / Khersonese. Based on our one year plus fieldwork in ‘Kampung Chetti’ or Chetti Village in the state of Melaka, Malaysia where we carried out extensive oral history interviews and several focus group discussion sessions, in this empirical paper we share and critically analyse some traditional Malay pantuns that we collected from this community, and present them as notable contributions to the Malay literary canon.
Utopian/Dystopian Visions: Plato, Huxley, Orwell
Authors: Panagopoulos Nic
Published: June 2020

This paper attempts to theorize two twentieth-century fictional dystopias, Brave New World (2013) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984), using Plato’s political dialogues. It explores not only how these three authors’ utopian/dystopian visions compare as types of narrative, but also how possible, desirable, and useful their imagined societies may be, and for whom. By examining where the Republic, Brave New World, and Nineteen Eighty-Four stand on such issues as social engineering, censorship, cultural and sexual politics, the paper allows them to inform and critique each other, hoping to reveal in the process what may or may not have changed in utopian thinking since Plato wrote his seminal work. It appears that the social import of speculative fiction is ambivalent, for not only may it lend itself to totalitarian appropriation and application—as seems to have been the case with The Republic—but it may also constitute a means of critiquing the existing status quo by conceptualizing different ways of thinking and being, thereby allowing for the possibility of change.
Age in the Eye of Shakespeare, focus on; As You Like It
Authors: Kumar Sarkar Dipak
Published: June 2020

Being aged is an inevitable process of nature but the way society and its institutions define aged people may not be an acceptable process to judge every single aged people, as each human is different from others in regard to physic, life philosophy and mentality signifying that every human is an unique creation of the Creator. However, Shakespeare, being so much celebrated, praised and a universal writer delineates his characters and their involvement to his drama being somehow dogmatic in regard to age. This paper aims at the approach of Shakespeare towards the young and the elderly characters and tries to bring out a hypothesis based on gerontological theory in mind. The key objective of this paper is to find out what Shakespeare thinks about the aged people and how the aged characters been portrayed in As You Like It. Furthermore, this paper will distinguish the thought of Shakespeare, being xenophobic about the aged, with that of the gerontologists’ remark of approaching an aged man. In order to achieve its aim, a critical analysis planted on the gerontological view of Age will be conducted. Decisively, this paper hopes to come up with the attitude Shakespeare possesses at the time of treating an elderly man.
Fragmentation Echoes in Modern Translation Theory
Authors: Alhashmi Rawad
Published: June 2020

The paradox of the Tower of Babel and the underlying story behind the confusion of tongues are inextricably intertwined with various linguistic differences across the world. The tool of language, regardless of whether it is a gift of God, or a purely human artifact, or whatever one may choose to believe regarding its origins, is a tool that allows us to communicate with each other, thereby opening the door for dialogue with the ‘Other.’ As the myth of Babel began influencing several scholars in the twentieth century, linguistic theories inevitably elicited great interest among many acclaimed scholars, including Franz Kafka (1883–1924), Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) and Jacques Derrida (1930–2004). To that end, the fragmented mode of languages is a fundamental principle in their discourse on the confusion of tongues. In this article, I argue that Kafka’s writing, particularly the notion of the “piecemeal construction” in “The Great Wall of China,”1 has influenced Benjamin’s theory of translation and echoed Derrida’s respective view thereof.
Streptococci and the complement system: interplay during infection, inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Syed Shahan , Viazmina Larisa , Mager Riccardo , Meri Seppo , Haapasalo Karita
Published: June 2020

Streptococci are a broad group of Gram‐positive bacteria. This genus includes various human pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality. Two of the most important human pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus or GAS). Streptococcal pathogens have evolved to express virulence factors that enable them to evade complement‐mediated attack. These include factor H‐binding M (S. pyogenes) and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) (S. pneumoniae) proteins. In addition, S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae express cytolysins (streptolysin and pneumolysin), which are able to destroy host cells. Sometimes, the interplay between streptococci, the complement, and antistreptococcal immunity may lead to an excessive inflammatory response or autoimmune disease. Understanding the fundamental role of the complement system in microbial clearance and the bacterial escape mechanisms is of paramount importance for understanding microbial virulence, in general, and, the conversion of commensals to pathogens, more specifically. Such insights may help to identify novel antibiotic and vaccine targets in bacterial pathogens to counter their growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
Paclitaxel induces apoptosis through the TAK1–JNK activation pathway
Authors: Yu‐Wei Di , Li Zhuo‐sheng , Xiong Shu‐min , Huang Ge , Luo Yan‐fei , Huo Tie‐ying , Zhou Mao‐hua , Zheng You‐wei
Published: June 2020

Paclitaxel (PTX) has previously been used to treat tumours of various tissue origins, such as lung, breast, ovarian, prostate cancers and leukemia. PTX‐induced apoptosis is associated with p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase or stress‐activated protein kinase (JNK/ SAPK) pathways. Transforming growth factor‐beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1‐binding protein 1 (TAB1) play an important role in cell apoptosis through the p38, ERK, NF‐κB and JNK signal transduction pathways. To investigate the role of TAK1 in PTX‐induced cell apoptosis, we treated HEK293 and 8305C cells with 0–20 µM PTX for 6, 12 or 24 h. To investigate whether TAK1 can cooperate with PTX for cancer treatment, we transfected cells with TAK1, TAB1 or control plasmid and treated them with PTX (3–10 µM) for 9–24 h. Apoptosis rates were analysed by flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI). Endogenous TAK1 and TAB1, caspase‐7 cleavage, poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, Bcl‐xL level, phospho‐p44/42, phospho‐JNK and phospho‐p38 were detected by western blot. We show that in HEK293 and 8305C cells, PTX enhanced the endogenous TAK1/TAB1 level and induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Upon TAK1 overexpression in HEK293 cells treated with PTX, apoptosis rate, JNK phosphorylation and PARP cleavage increased contrary to heat‐shocked or untreated cells. CRISPR editing of the tak1 gene upon PTX treatment resulted in lower phospho‐JNK and PARP cleavage levels than in cells transfected with the control or the TAK1‐ or TAB1 + TAK1‐containing plasmids. TAK1‐K63A could not induce JNK phosphorylation or PARP cleavage. We conclude that PTX induces HEK293 and 8305C cell apoptosis through the TAK1–JNK activation pathway, potentially highlighting TAK1’s role in chemosensitivity.
Advanced Theragenerative Biomaterials with Therapeutic and Regeneration Multifunctionality
Authors: Chen Baoding , Xiang Huijing , Pan Shanshan , Yu Luodan , Xu Tianming , Chen Yu
Published: June 2020

All tissues and organs can be affected by diseases, and treatments for these diseases can cause damage to surrounding healthy tissues and organs. Therefore, treatment is required that involves disease therapy alongside tissue/organ regeneration. The design, construction, and biomedical applications of biomaterial platforms with both disease‐therapeutic and tissue‐regeneration multifunctionalities are in demand, which are herein referred to as theragenerative (abbreviation of therapy and regeneration) biomaterials. Due to the rapid development of theragenerative biomaterials in versatile biomedical applications, this progress report aims to summarize, discuss, and highlight the rational construction of distinctive theragenerative biomaterials with intrinsic therapeutic performance and tissue‐regeneration bioactivity. Based on the intrinsic response to either external physical triggers (e.g., photonic response or magnetic‐field response) or endogenous disease microenvironments (e.g., mild acidity or overexpressed hydrogen peroxide) and tissue‐regeneration bioactivity, these theragenerative biomaterials are extensively explored in various biomedical fields, including bone‐tumor therapy/regeneration, bone antibacterial therapy/regeneration, skin‐tumor therapy/regeneration, skin antibacterial therapy/regeneration, breast‐tumor therapy/adipose‐tissue regeneration, and osteoarticular‐tuberculosis therapy/bone‐tissue regeneration. The challenges faced and future developments of these distinctive theragenerative biomaterials are discussed, as are methods for further promoting their clinical translation.