bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can GE-Covariance Originating in Phenotype to Environment Transmission Account for the Flynn Effect?
Authors: De Kort Janneke , Dolan Conor , Kan Kees-Jan , Van Beijsterveldt Catharina , Bartels Meike , Boomsma Dorret
Published: September 2014

The Dickens and Flynn model of the Flynn effect (generational increases in mean IQ) assigns an important role to genotype-environment covariance (GE-cov). We quantify GE-cov in a longitudinal simplex model by modeling it as phenotype to environment (Ph->E) transmission in twin data. The model fits as well as the standard genetic simplex model, which assumes uncorrelated genetic and environmental influences. We use the results to explore numerically the possible role of GE-cov in amplifying increases in environmental means. Given the estimated Ph->E transmission parameters, GE-cov resulted in an amplification (in std units) of a factor 1.57 (full scale IQ) to 1.7 (performance IQ). The results lend credence to the role of GE-cov in the Flynn effect.
Pre-Saturation Technique of the Recycled Aggregates: Solution to the Water Absorption Drawback in the Recycled Concrete Manufacture
Authors: García-González Julia , Rodríguez-Robles Desirée , Juan-Valdés Andrés , Morán-del Pozo Julia , Guerra-Romero M.
Published: September 2014

The replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates in the concrete manufacturing has been spreading worldwide as a recycling method to counteract the large amount of construction and demolition waste. Although legislation in this field is still not well developed, many investigations demonstrate the possibilities of success of this trend given that concrete with satisfactory mechanical and durability properties could be achieved. However, recycled aggregates present a low quality compared to natural aggregates, the water absorption being their main drawback. When used untreated in concrete mix, the recycled aggregate absorb part of the water initially calculated for the cement hydration, which will adversely affect some characteristics of the recycled concrete. This article seeks to demonstrate that the technique of pre-saturation is able to solve the aforementioned problem. In order to do so, the water absorption of the aggregates was tested to determine the necessary period of soaking to bring the recycled aggregates into a state of suitable humidity for their incorporation into the mixture. Moreover, several concrete mixes were made with different replacement percentages of natural aggregate and various periods of pre-saturation. The consistency and compressive strength of the concrete mixes were tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Presolvated Electron Reactions with Methyl Acetoacetate: Electron Localization, Proton-Deuteron Exchange, and H-Atom Abstraction
Authors: Petrovici Alex , Adhikary Amitava , Kumar Anil , Sevilla Michael
Published: September 2014

Radiation-produced electrons initiate various reaction processes that are important to radiation damage to biomolecules. In this work, the site of attachment of the prehydrated electrons with methyl acetoacetate (MAA, CH3-CO-CH2-COOCH3) at 77 K and subsequent reactions of the anion radical (CH3-CO•−-CH2-COOCH3) in the 77 to ca. 170 K temperature range have been investigated in homogeneous H2O and D2O aqueous glasses by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. At 77 K, the prehydrated electron attaches to MAA forming the anion radical in which the electron is delocalized over the two carbonyl groups. This species readily protonates to produce the protonated electron adduct radical CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-COOCH3. The ESR spectrum of CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-COOCH3 in H2O shows line components due to proton hyperfine couplings of the methyl and methylene groups. Whereas, the ESR spectrum of CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-COOCH3 in D2O glass shows only the line components due to proton hyperfine couplings of CH3 group. This is expected since the methylene protons in MAA are readily exchangeable in D2O. On stepwise annealing to higher temperatures (ca. 150 to 170 K), CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-COOCH3 undergoes bimolecular H-atom abstraction from MAA to form the more stable radical, CH3-CO-CH•-COOCH3. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) support the radical assignments.
Elicitation: A Tool for Enriching the Bioactive Composition of Foods
Authors: Baenas Nieves , García-Viguera Cristina , Moreno Diego
Published: September 2014

Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods.
Optimization of an Optical Inspection System Based on the Taguchi Method for Quantitative Analysis of Point-of-Care Testing
Authors: Yeh Chia-Hsien , Zhao Zi-Qi , Shen Pi-Lan , Lin Yu-Cheng
Published: September 2014

This study presents an optical inspection system for detecting a commercial point-of-care testing product and a new detection model covering from qualitative to quantitative analysis. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) strips (cut-off value of the hCG commercial product is 25 mIU/mL) were the detection target in our study. We used a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor to detect the colors of the test line and control line in the specific strips and to reduce the observation errors by the naked eye. To achieve better linearity between the grayscale and the concentration, and to decrease the standard deviation (increase the signal to noise ratio, S/N), the Taguchi method was used to find the optimal parameters for the optical inspection system. The pregnancy test used the principles of the lateral flow immunoassay, and the colors of the test and control line were caused by the gold nanoparticles. Because of the sandwich immunoassay model, the color of the gold nanoparticles in the test line was darkened by increasing the hCG concentration. As the results reveal, the S/N increased from 43.48 dB to 53.38 dB, and the hCG concentration detection increased from 6.25 to 50 mIU/mL with a standard deviation of less than 10%. With the optimal parameters to decrease the detection limit and to increase the linearity determined by the Taguchi method, the optical inspection system can be applied to various commercial rapid tests for the detection of ketamine, troponin I, and fatty acid binding protein (FABP).
Monitoring and Evaluation of Alcoholic Fermentation Processes Using a Chemocapacitor Sensor Array
Authors: Oikonomou Petros , Raptis Ioannis , Sanopoulou Merope
Published: September 2014

The alcoholic fermentation of Savatiano must variety was initiated under laboratory conditions and monitored daily with a gas sensor array without any pre-treatment steps. The sensor array consisted of eight interdigitated chemocapacitors (IDCs) coated with specific polymers. Two batches of fermented must were tested and also subjected daily to standard chemical analysis. The chemical composition of the two fermenting musts differed from day one of laboratory monitoring (due to different storage conditions of the musts) and due to a deliberate increase of the acetic acid content of one of the musts, during the course of the process, in an effort to spoil the fermenting medium. Sensor array responses to the headspace of the fermenting medium were compared with those obtained either for pure or contaminated samples with controlled concentrations of standard ethanol solutions of impurities. Results of data processing with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), demonstrate that this sensing system could discriminate between a normal and a potential spoiled grape must fermentation process, so this gas sensing system could be potentially applied during wine production as an auxiliary qualitative control instrument.
Preliminary Calculation of the EROI for the Production of Crude Oil and Light Oil Products in Russia
Authors: Safronov Alexander , Sokolov Anton
Published: September 2014

Russia is one of the world’s largest producers of energy resources. The production of energy resources in Russia is profitable both economically and in terms of energy production. Currently, Russian oil and gas companies have a policy of increasing energy efficiency, which will led to an increase in the energy return on investment (EROI) of both oil and gas production as a whole, and of separate companies in particular. By our calculations, the EROI for oil production in Russia differs for the different companies, and in 2012 was in the range of 22–35:1. The EROI for light oil products in 2012 was in the range of 5–13:1.
Recognition of Symmetric 3D Bodies
Authors: Suk Tomáš , Flusser Jan
Published: September 2014

The paper deals with the recognition of symmetric three-dimensional (3D) bodies that can be rotated and translated. We provide a complete list of all existing combinations of rotation and reflection symmetries in 3D. We define 3D complex moments by means of spherical harmonics, and the influence of individual symmetry groups on complex moment values is studied. Each particular symmetry pre-defines certain moment values. These moments can no longer differentiate between two objects of the same symmetry, which decreases the recognition power of the feature set. They should not be included when constructing the invariants. Translation and rotation invariants up to the fourth order are presented and their performance is studied on both artificial and real data.
P(O)R2-directed Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization of biaryl derivatives to synthesize chiral phosphorous ligands
Authors: Hu Rong-Bin , Wang Hong-Li , Zhang Hong-Yu , Zhang Heng , Ma Yan-Na , Yang Shang-dong
Published: September 2014

Chiral phosphorus ligands have been widely used in transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Herein, we report a new synthesis approach of chiral biaryls containing a phosphorus moiety using P(O)R2-directed Pd-catalyzed C–H activation; the functionalized products are produced with good enantioselectivity.
L'élaboration familiale des traumatismes psychiques en thérapie : une illustration clinique
Authors: Calicis Florence
Published: September 2014

Face à un trauma qu’elles n’arrivent pas à assimiler, les familles et les individus qui la composent, mettent en place des mécanismes de défense pour contenir la souffrance. Ces mécanismes sont initialement des facteurs de protection mais, à terme, ils peuvent se muer en facteurs de risque et contribuer à l’émergence de symptômes invalidants, et ce, sur plusieurs générations. Certains de ces mécanismes sont de type « évitement ». Le silence s’installe autour des traumatismes qui s’enkystent progressivement. Une situation clinique illustre comment reprendre en thérapie familiale l’élaboration d’anciens traumatismes enkystés.
En amont du Portrait du colonisé d’Albert Memmi :aux sources d’une pensée de la décolonisation
Authors: Sanson Hervé
Published: September 2014

Le présent article entend présenter et analyser deux textes de jeunesse de l’intellectuel franco-tunisien Albert Memmi, l’un inédit, l’autre publié dans une revue locale : avant le célèbre Portrait du colonisé qui fut une bible de la lutte anticolonialiste de par le monde, la pensée du jeune Memmi s’est élaborée progressivement, en tâtonnant, ainsi que la prise en compte des manuscrits et tapuscrits de ces deux textes le souligne. En effet, le premier texte ici traité se limite à préconiser une réforme profonde du système colonial, tandis que le second texte prend déjà acte d’une iniquité irréductible du colonialisme, et appréhende le problème tunisien (et au-delà nord africain) de façon globale, et non par sa seule dimension économique, ainsi que la gauche française de l’époque le recommande.
Sony Labou Tansi, afflux des écrits et flux de l’écriture
Authors: Martin-Granel Nicolas
Published: September 2014

Cet état des lieux des archives laissées par Sony Labou Tansi comprend deux volets. Le premier se présente comme un historique de la sauvegarde et de la valorisation des écrits qui constituent un continent immense et inédit. Leur histoire mouvementée est racontée à partir du moment où l’écriture s’arrête, lors la disparition de l’écrivain en 1995. Matériellement, les écrits sont couchés, pour la plupart, dans des cahiers d’écolier jetés en vrac au fond de la petite bibliothèque de sa maison de Makélékélé à Brazzaville. Sans date, parfois sans titre, ils représentent un véritable défi à la critique génétique qui cherche à les classer, les inventorier, les numériser et enfin à les éditer. Reconstituer leur parcours, au fil des multiples versions et transformations successives, aboutit à dresser la cartographie du labyrinthe textuel constitué non seulement du fonds SLT séparé entre la France et le Congo mais aussi des cahiers et lettres disséminés par l’auteur auprès de ses nombreux amis lecteurs et éditeurs. Dans le second volet, on s’attache à retrouver le fil conducteur de l’écriture, à en restituer la logique vitaliste et hypertextuelle. Si SLT écrivait comme on respire, son écriture, d’allure improvisée, décrite par la génétique comme « à processus », relève, du point de vue anthropologique, du prophétisme scripturaire : un dire-écrire en progression continue – contre le progrès, sans jamais se retourner vers la lecture.
La Transpoétique et le normatif chez Hédi Bouraoui
Authors: Beggar Abderrahman
Published: September 2014

Cette étude de la transpoétique de Hédi Bouraoui traite des positionnements de l’auteur vis-à-vis de la norme littéraire et de son impact sur l’écriture. Nous sommes partis de l’idée d’horizon (selon Heidegger) pour montrer combien la création est porteuse du normatif à plus d’un égard. Le bon ou mauvais usage ne s’inscrit pas seulement sur le plan textuel. Il est symptomatique des rapports, souvent conflictuels, entretenus avec les normes en usage. Ce comportement est aussi lié à la conception du monde qui gère la création.
Mot muet crie
Authors: Koch-Didier Adelheid
Published: September 2014

Co-fondateur du dadaïsme à Berlin, Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971) est encore trop peu perçu comme écrivain de langue française. Ses archives conservées au musée d’Art contemporain de Rochechouart permettent cependant de découvrir cet artiste protéiforme qui fut peintre, photographe, poète, romancier, théoricien et danseur. Notre article se propose de retracer le lien entre le multilinguisme de Hausmann et sa créativité d’écrivain qui s’obstine à s’affranchir de toutes les normes linguistiques et artistiques.
Hospitalité et hostilité : le multilinguisme à l’épreuve du « bien-écrire »
Authors: Montini Chiara
Published: September 2014

Le multilinguisme représente une menace pour les frontières de chaque langue. Ainsi, pour ne pas courir le risque d’être envahies, les langues établissent leurs règles. Même après Gadda, et dans un pays comme l’Italie, où les dialectes ont toujours existé et où il a été difficile d’établir les normes d’une langue nationale stable, les éditeurs, les critiques, les traducteurs et les écrivains peuvent essayer de normaliser un texte pour qu’il soit intelligible, c’est-à-dire « bien écrit ». Les romans Giù la piazza non c’è nessuno de Dolores Prato et Ur-Partigiano Johnny de Beppe Fenoglio illustrent comment un style très personnel et original peut être modifié par une main extérieure (un réviseur ou bien un éditeur ou encore un traducteur) qui essaie de le faire rentrer dans une norme linguistique en violant son idiolecte « impur » et multilingue.
Neuroeconomics and Agent-Based Computational Economics
Authors: Chen Shu-Heng
Published: September 2014

Recently, the relation between neuroeconomics and agent-based computational economics (ACE) has become an issue concerning the agent-based economics community. Neuroeconomics can interest agent-based economists when they are inquiring for the foundation or the principle of the software-agent design. It has been shown in many studies that the design of software agents is non-trivial and can determine what will emerge from the bottom. Therefore, it has been quested for rather a period regarding whether anyone can sensibly design these software agents, including both the choice of software agent models, such as reinforcement learning, and the parameter setting associated with the chosen model, such as risk attitude. In this paper, the author will start a formal inquiry by focusing on examining the models and parameters used to build software agents.
An Improved Ant-IS Algorithm for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Miloud-Aouidate Amal , Baba-Ali Ahmed Riadh
Published: September 2014

During recent years, the number of attacks on networks has dramatically increased. Consequently the interest in network intrusion detection has increased among the researchers. This paper proposes a clustering Ant-IS and an active Ant colony optimization algorithms for intrusion detection in computer networks. The goal of these algorithms is to extract a set of learning instances from the initial training dataset. The proposed algorithms are an improvement of the previously presented Ant-IS algorithm, used is pattern recognition. Results of experimental tests show that the proposed algorithms are capable of producing a reliable intrusion detection system.
Performance Evaluation of Data Intensive Computing In the Cloud
Authors: Ahuja Sanjay P. , Kaza Bhagavathi
Published: September 2014

Big data is a topic of active research in the cloud community. With increasing demand for data storage in the cloud, study of data-intensive applications is becoming a primary focus. Data-intensive applications involve high CPU usage for processing large volumes of data on the scale of terabytes or petabytes. While some research exists for the performance effect of data intensive applications in the cloud, none of the research compares the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) and Google Compute Engine (GCE) clouds using multiple benchmarks. This study performs extensive research on the Amazon EC2 and GCE clouds using the TeraSort, MalStone and CreditStone benchmarks on Hadoop and Sector data layers. Data collected for the Amazon EC2 and GCE clouds measure performance as the number of nodes is varied. This study shows that GCE is more efficient for data-intensive applications compared to Amazon EC2.
Japanese Deaf Adolescents' Textisms
Authors: Okuyama Yoshiko
Published: September 2014

This study investigated how texting was used by deaf adolescents in Japan. A small corpus of dyadic messages exchanged via cell phone between 2 deaf high-school students at a residential school was collected to examine the features of unconventional spellings typically used in text messages, or “textisms.” The characteristics of this text-message corpus were analyzed along with the factors associated with texting behaviors of other deaf adolescents in their school in order to explore the features of textisms adopted by these deaf adolescents. The study found that in the pair's 356 messages, the deaf adolescents adopted characteristics of textisms very similar to those used by the hearing adolescents studied by other researchers on Japanese mobile communication.
Can the Virginia Internet Safety Program Improve Fourth Graders' Internet Safety Knowledge?
Authors: McGraw Tammy , Yan Zheng , Weller Jean , Bumgardner Stan
Published: September 2014

The Virginia Internet safety program is the first statewide educational strategy to improve children's Internet safety. It aims to improve children's Internet safety knowledge through a developmentally appropriate and highly interactive online program. To assess the initial effect of this program, 1,379 fourth graders were assessed with a questionnaire covering ten aspects of Internet safety knowledge before and after they participated in the program. Before completing the program, a majority of students were found to have a substantial knowledge of Internet safety in eight of the ten aspects; however, less than half of the students chose the safe responses to two aspects and a noticeable number chose the “unsafe” answers, including 50 students who planned to meet strangers in person. After completing the program, students were found to improve their Internet safety knowledge significantly in nine of the ten aspects. However, 34 students still held the most risky attitude, planning to meet strangers in person.
Chinese Cultural Values and Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Au Alan K.M. , Yeung Matthew C.H.
Published: September 2014

In order to address the growing economic and social pressures of the 21st Century, Chinese must build solid foundations for a knowledge-based economy. However, knowledge sharing is relatively uncommon in Chinese communities and there has been little success in understanding the motivations and barriers of knowledge sharing in the Chinese context and thus there appears to be no systematic way to analyze the obstacles to information sharing among Chinese. In possession of Chinese cultural values has been commonly regarded as the reason for knowledge hoarding among Chinese. The present study examines whether or not Chinese's Confucian philosophy is responsible for the reluctance of knowledge sharing.
Development of Informational Cities in Japan
Authors: Fietkiewicz Kaja , Pyka Sandra
Published: September 2014

This article presents the concept of Informational City – the city of 21st century with its highly developed digital, knowledge or creative infrastructures as well as other important aspects contributing to its informativeness. The authors have selected four Japanese cities as the best candidates for (emerging) Informational Cities and investigated data referring to them in order to determine if they indeed can be labelled as Informational Cities. The authors compared the four cities – Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Kyoto, and made a ranking of them in regard to their level of informativeness.
Cleanliness of Disposable vs Nondisposable Electrocardiography Lead Wires in Children
Authors: Addison Nancy , Quatrara Beth , Letzkus Lisa , Strider David , Rovnyak Virginia , Syptak Virginia , Fuzy Lisa
Published: September 2014

Background

Mediastinitis costs hospitals thousands of dollars a year and increases the incidence of patient morbidity and mortality. No studies have been done to evaluate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) counts on disposable and nondisposable electrocardiography (ECG) lead wires in pediatric patients.

Objective

To compare the cleanliness of disposable and nondisposable ECG lead wires in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery patients by measuring the quantity of ATP (in relative luminescence units [RLUs]). ATP levels correlate with microbial cell counts and are used by institutions to assess hospital equipment and cleanliness.

Methods

A prospective, randomized trial was initiated with approval from the institutional review board. Verbal consent was obtained from the parents/guardians for each patient. Trained nurses performed ATP swabs on the right and left upper ECG cables on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3.

Results

This study enrolled 51 patients. The disposable ECG lead wire ATP count on postoperative day 1 (median, 157 RLUs) was significantly lower (P < .001) than the count for nondisposable ATP lead wires (median, 610 RLUs). On postoperative day 2, the ATP count for the disposable ECG lead wires (median, 200 RLUs) was also lower (P = .06) than the count for the nondisposable ECG lead wires (median, 453 RLUs).

Conclusion

Results of this study support the use of disposable ECG lead wires in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery patients for at least the first 48 hours as a direct strategy to reduce the ATP counts on ECG lead wires.
A thought provoking new publication on Christology
Authors: Vorster Jakobus M.
Published: September 2014

No abstract available
Organising for power: solidarities and transformation
Authors: Goodman James
Published: September 2014

Political and social movements are both empowering and power-seeking: they seek both to mobilize civil society and overwhelm state institutions. As organisations they mobilize collective power, generating solidarities and transforming social structures. As such, political organisations both challenge power and exercise power. This article addresses organizational vehicles for political change in Australia, drawing out limits and possibilities. Three organizational forms are discussed - the political party, the non-government organization (NGO), and the social movement - in terms of their capacity and limits. The social solidarities and social structures that frame political organization are debated, highlighting the impact of political conflicts over ecological change. The article ends with a discussion of the proceeding four articles, drawing out shared themes and implications in terms of the relationships post-Howard, between the Australian state, political parties, NGOs and movements.
“Liting it up”: Popular Culture, Indo-Pak Basketball, and South Asian American Institutions
Authors: Thangaraj Stanley Ilango
Published: September 2014

South Asian American participants of a co-ethnic basketball league, known as Indo-Pak Basketball, utilized urban basketball vernacular through the phrase “liting it up” to identify individuals scoring points in great numbers. The person “liting it up” becomes visible and receives recognition. Accordingly, I want to “lite up” the scholarship on South Asian America whereby situating South Asian American religious sites and cultural centers as key arenas for “Americanization” through US popular culture. I situate sport as a key element of popular culture through which South Asian American communities work out, struggle through, and contest notions of self. Informed by an Anthropology of Sport, ethnography of South Asian American communities in Atlanta takes place alongside an examination of the North American Indo-Pak Basketball circuit. Accordingly, my findings indicate that such community formation has also taken shape at the intersections of institutions, gender, and sexuality whereby excluding queers, women, and other communities of color.
Chinese Australian Urban Politics in the Context of Globalisation
Authors: Kwok Jen Tsen
Published: September 2014

Globalisation and the rise of East Asia have accelerated the migration of Chinese populations across the Asia-Pacific rim. Ethnic Chinese populations from highly diverse sub-ethnic, socio-economic and political backgrounds are increasingly aggregated in major cities throughout the region. Nonetheless, there remains insufficient attention to the implications of greater economic interdependence and accelerated population movement upon the political cultures of host nations such as Australia, especially in the context of ensuing spatial and economic concentrations of activity.

Both articulate and interlocking relationships between political and economic fields exist in the metropolitan engagements of Chinese Australian community groups and associations. Many of these political dimensions extend into ‘formal’ modes of politics.

Framed by urban regime theory and the broader notion of urban politics, this paper claims that network resource exchange within Chinese Australian communities are tied to ethnic economies, and in certain contexts global processes. These kinds of social dynamics have implications for the expression of diasporic Chinese affinity and constructions of Chineseness. Explorations of transnational political tensions, in fact, highlight the diversity and potential fragility of diasporic interdependence within ethnic Chinese communities – communities that are persistently refashioned through new waves of migration and from different points of origin.

This paper seeks to advance these perspectives through a case study of a particular period of tension between two representative peak bodies in Brisbane, Queensland. Grounded in the testimony of elite political actors, it reflects upon the nature of ethnic Chinese community representation in contemporary Australia.
The changing political identity of the "Overseas Chinese" in Australian Politics
Authors: Feng Chongyi
Published: September 2014

This paper explores the role played by the Chinese communities in the Australian politics of multicultural democracy from the perspective of political socialisation and resocialisation. It argues that there is no such a thing as inherent “cultural values” or “national values” that differentiate ‘the Chinese” politically from the mainstream Australian society. This paper focuses on the Chinese nationalism of Han Chinese migrants in Australia. Within the “new mainland migrants” who have come to Australia directly from the PRC since the 1980s, nationalism is much weaker among the Tiananmen/ June 4 generation who experienced pro-democracy activism during their formative years in the 1980s. Nationalism is much stronger among the Post-Tiananmen Generation who are victims of the “patriotism campaign” in the 1990s when the Chinese Communist party-state sought to replace discredited communism with nationalism as the major ideology for legitimacy.
Contextualising the self and social change making: an evaluation of the Young Social Pioneers program
Authors: Berman Naomi , Mellon Emily
Published: September 2014

This article presents the findings of an evaluation of an innovative Australian social entrepreneurship and leadership program to highlight some of the challenges young social change makers face as they attempt to influence change in their local, national and international environments. Through an investigation of an innovative Australian social entrepreneurship program, this article demonstrates how reflexive, communicative and participatory practices position young people at the forefront of new forms of civic engagement and that there are certain needs relating to the development of self and community which must to be addressed in order that these young social actors can fulfil their civic aspirations. The findings of the evaluation reported here demonstrate that if social entrepreneur programs are to be successful in providing a service to young people, they need to foster the creation of environments characterised by collectivism, collaboration and opportunities for self development while providing practical solutions to common barriers faced by social entrepreneurs
On transition-zone water clouds
Authors: Hirsch E. , Koren I. , Levin Z. , Altaratz O. , Agassi E.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A recent field campaign was conducted to measure the properties of thin, warm convective clouds forming under conditions of weak updrafts. During the campaign, short-lived clouds (on the order of minutes) with droplets' effective radius of 1–2 μm and low liquid water path (~ 500 mg m–2) were measured. These low values are puzzling, since in most studies an effective radius of 4 μm is reported to serve as the lower bound for clouds. A theoretical cloud model designed to resolve the droplet-activation process suggested conditions that favor the formation of such clouds. Here we show that these clouds, which mark the transition from haze to cloud, are highly sensitive to the magnitude of the initial perturbation that initiated them. We define these clouds as "transition-zone clouds". The existence of such clouds poses a key challenge for the analysis of atmospheric observations and models, since they "further smooth" the transition from dry aerosol through haze pockets to cumulus clouds.
The contribution of fungal spores and bacteria to regional and global aerosol number and ice nucleation immersion freezing rates
Authors: Spracklen D. V. , Heald C. L.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) may play an important role in aerosol–climate interactions, in particular by affecting ice formation in mixed phase clouds. However, the role of PBAPs is poorly understood because the sources and distribution of PBAPs in the atmosphere are not well quantified. Here we include emissions of fungal spores and bacteria in a global aerosol microphysics model and explore their contribution to concentrations of supermicron particle number, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and immersion freezing rates. Simulated surface annual mean concentrations of fungal spores are ~ 2.5 × 104 m−3 over continental midlatitudes and 1 × 105 m−3 over tropical forests. Simulated surface concentrations of bacteria are 2.5 × 104 m−3 over most continental regions and 5 × 104 m−3 over grasslands of central Asia and North America. These simulated surface number concentrations of fungal spores and bacteria are broadly in agreement with the limited available observations. We find that fungal spores and bacteria contribute 8 and 5% respectively to simulated continental surface mean supermicron number concentrations, but have very limited impact on CCN concentrations, altering regional concentrations by less than 1%. In agreement with previous global modelling studies, we find that fungal spores and bacteria contribute very little (3 × 10−3%, even when we assume upper limits for ice nucleation activity) to global average immersion freezing ice nucleation rates, which are dominated by soot and dust. However, at lower altitudes (400 to 600 hPa), where warmer temperatures mean that soot and dust may not nucleate ice, we find that PBAP controls the immersion freezing ice nucleation rate. This demonstrates that PBAPs can be of regional importance for IN formation, in agreement with case study observations.
Improving satellite retrieved aerosol microphysical properties using GOCART data
Authors: Li S. , Kahn R. , Chin M. , Garay M.J. , Chen L. , Liu Y.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite can provide more reliable Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD, τ) and more particle information, such as constraints on particle size (Angström exponent or ANG, α), particle shape, and single-scattering albedo (SSA, ω), than many other satellite instruments. However, MISR's ability to retrieve aerosol properties is weakened at low AOD levels. When aerosol-type information content is low, many candidate aerosol mixtures can match the observed radiances. We propose an algorithm to improve MISR aerosol retrievals by constraining MISR mixtures' ANG and absorbing AOD (AAOD) with Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model-simulated aerosol properties. To demonstrate this approach, we calculated MISR aerosol optical properties over the contiguous US from 2006 to 2009. Sensitivities associated with the thresholds of MISR-GOCART differences were analyzed according to the agreement between our results (AOD, ANG, and AAOD) and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations. Overall, our AOD has a good agreement with AERONET because the MISR AOD retrieval is not sensitive to different mixtures under many retrieval conditions. The correlation coefficient (r) between our ANG and AERONET improves to 0.45 from 0.29 for the MISR Version 22 standard product and 0.43 for GOCART when all data points are included. However, when only cases having AOD > 0.2, the MISR product itself has r ~ 0.40, and when only AOD > 0.2 and the best-fitting mixture are considered, r ~ 0.49. So as expected, the ANG improvement occurs primarily when the model constraint is applied in cases where the particle type information content of the MISR radiances is low. Regression analysis for AAOD shows that MISR Version 22 and GOCART misestimate AERONET by a ratio (mean retrieved AAOD to mean AERONET AAOD) of 0.5; our method improves this ratio to 0.74. Large discrepancies are found through an inter-comparison of the spatial-temporal patterns of MISR, GOCART, and our adjusted aerosol optical properties. We attribute these differences to (1) GOCART underestimations of AOD and ANG in polluted regions due to the emissions inventories used, and not considering the fine particles such as nitrate, (2) a lack of certain aerosol mixtures in the Version 22 algorithm climatology, (3) a lack of sensitivity in the MISR radiances to particle type under some conditions, and (4) parameters and thresholds used in our method.
Secondary calcification and dissolution respond differently to future ocean conditions
Authors: Silbiger N. J. , Donahue M. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Climate change threatens both the accretion and erosion processes that sustain coral reefs. Secondary calcification, bioerosion, and reef dissolution are integral to the structural complexity and long-term persistence of coral reefs, yet these processes have received less research attention than reef accretion by corals. In this study, we use climate scenarios from RCP8.5 to examine the combined effects of rising ocean acidity and SST on both secondary calcification and dissolution rates of a natural coral rubble community using a flow-through aquarium system. We found that secondary reef calcification and dissolution responded differently to the combined effect of pCO2 and temperature. Calcification had a non-linear response to the combined effect of pCO2-temperature: the highest calcification rate occurred slightly above ambient conditions and the lowest calcification rate was in the highest pCO2-temperature condition. In contrast, dissolution increased linearly with pCO2-temperature. The rubble community switched from net calcification to net dissolution at +272 μatm pCO2 and 0.84 °C above ambient conditions, suggesting that rubble reefs may shift from net calcification to net dissolution before the end of the century. Our results indicate that dissolution may be more sensitive to climate change than calcification, and that calcification and dissolution have different functional responses to climate stressors, highlighting the need to study the effects of climate stressors on both calcification and dissolution to predict future changes in coral reefs.
Characterisation and quantification of regional diurnal SST cycles from SEVIRI
Authors: Karagali I. , Høyer J. L.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Hourly SST (sea surface temperature) fields from the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) offer a unique opportunity for the characterisation and quantification of the diurnal cycle of SST in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the northern European shelf seas. Six years of SST fields from SEVIRI are validated against the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) Reprocessed for Climate (ARC) data set. The overall SEVIRI–AATSR bias is −0.07 K, and the standard deviation is 0.51 K, based on more than 53 × 106 match-ups. Identification of the diurnal signal requires an SST foundation temperature field representative of well-mixed conditions which typically occur at night-time or under moderate and strong winds. Such fields are generated from the SEVIRI archive and are validated against pre-dawn SEVIRI SSTs and night-time SSTs from drifting buoys. The different methodologies tested for the foundation temperature fields reveal variability introduced by averaging night-time SSTs over many days compared to single-day, pre-dawn values. Diurnal warming is most pronounced in the Mediterranean and Baltic seas while weaker diurnal signals are found in the tropics. Longer diurnal warming duration is identified in the high latitudes compared to the tropics. The maximum monthly mean diurnal signal can be up to 0.5 K in specific regions.
POLUIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR DEJETOS DE SUÍNOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA ÁREA RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE QUILOMBO, SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Assis Fabiola Oro , Muratori Ana Maria
Published: September 2014

A atividade suinícola, essencial para a economia de muitos municípios do oeste catarinense, tem contribuído para o desencadeamento de problemas ambientais, marcadamente, em relação aos recursos hídricos. Os principais resíduos resultantes dessa atividade, os dejetos, podem ser caracterizados como poluidores de grande magnitude. Nesse sentido, O presente estudo procurou avaliar a qualidade da água em uma área de atividade suinícola, localizada na área rural do município de Quilombo, oeste de Santa Catarina, A pesquisa teve como base a abordagem sistêmica, permitindo a análise dos distintos componentes do meio físico e antrópico, em interação. Foram feitas análises de água, no sentido de apontar o nível de poluição hídrica gerado pelos dejetos. Os resultados apontaram que o meio hídrico da região apresenta características químicas e biológicas alteradas, embora os níveis mais elevados tenham sido detectados à jusante da área urbana, onde o Rio Quilombo recebe maior carga poluidora.
INFLUÊNCIAS ANTRÓPICAS NO REMANESCENTE DA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE GUARATUBA, PARANÁ
Authors: Silveira Claudinei Taborda da , Oka-Fiori Chisato
Published: September 2014

A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Guaratuba, situada no estado do Paraná, é uma unidade de conservação de gestão estadual, que representa um significativo remanescente da floresta atlântica, sendo atualmente cenário de conflitos e transformações. Tais conflitos estão associados a diferentes interesses por parte de seus ocupantes, já que essa área é formada também por propriedades particulares, com distintas formas de uso do solo. Representa um cenário de transformações por sua localização geográfica, pois a leste esta a orla litorânea com crescente desenvolvimento ao turismo e lazer acarretando forte especulação imobiliária, e a oeste sua proximidade com Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, com grande adensamento demográfico e em fase de expansão por seus eixos metropolitanos. Assim, aqui são apresentadas e discutidas as diferentes influências antrópicas aos remanescentes florestais, bem como seus principais problemas de degradação ambiental.
DESVENDANDO OS TERROIRS AGROECOLÓGICOS DE RIO BRANCO DO SUL-PR: UMA ABORDAGEM GEO-SÓCIO-AGRONÔMICA DA PAISAGEM RURAL E DO DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO DO TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Floriani Nicolas , Floriani Dimas , Cordeiro Santos Leonardo José , Wisniewiski Celina , Brandenburg Alfio
Published: September 2014

O texto discute o diagnóstico vernacular das paisagens por agricultores ecológicos de Rio Branco do Sul-PR. Parte-se da discussão da necessidade de uma nova abordagem espacial das práticas produtivas com base na integração de idéias como o Sistema de Práticas e os Geossistemas - configurados nos Terroirs - (metodologia de geógrafos e agrônomos tropicalistas pouco estudada no Brasil). O diagnóstico participativo do território insere-se no contexto do diálogo do saberes enquanto reflexão capaz de engendrar um pensamento complexo acerca das relações sociedade-natureza por buscar incluir em seu referencial teórico-metodológico os saberes produzidos e operados localmente. Aplicada ao estudo da percepção e representação vernaculares das potencialidades e fragilidades das terras e da paisagem, a problemática do manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais é inserida na discussão das classificações e avaliações populares das paisagens e de seus elementos constituintes. Tal abordagem pode subsidiar projetos de desenvolvimento territorial rural condizentes com as realidades socioambientais locais.
UMA TEORIA GEOGRÁFICA PARA A ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL NAS CIDADES HISTÓRICAS TURÍSTICAS
Authors: Costa Everaldo Batista , Scarlato Francisco Capuano
Published: September 2014

Diante da séria corrida pela mercantilização turística das cidades históricas brasileiras, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um aporte teórico-metodológico para a análise desta dinâmica que ronda o patrimônio cultural destas cidades, transformando-as em sua totalidade. Esse aporte está calcado em uma abordagem geográfica crítica no intuito de aguçar o espírito crítico e investigativo de pesquisadores que pretendam se debruçar sobre esses núcleos urbanos simbólicos da formação socioespacial brasileira, hoje, envolvidos pelo processo que denominamos dialética da construção destrutiva que enreda os bens culturais do mundo. Temos como objeto empírico para esta análise teórica e crítica, Diamantina, cidade da antiga zona do ouro e zona dos diamantes, em Minas Gerais, à qual nos dedicamos em pesquisa recente. Também nos são referenciais São João Del Rei, Tiradentes, Ouro Preto e Congonhas do Campo, as quais analisamos em anos anteriores.
A ECLOSÃO DE TENSÕES AMBIENTAIS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO. O EXEMPLO DA AGENDA 21 COMPERJ NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO GONÇALO
Authors: Menezes Luis Guilherme Almeida Bandeira de
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo visa discutir acerca das questões ligadas ao meio ambiente. Questões essas que se impõem a partir do processo de transformação do espaço-local, fruto de esferas de poder mais amplas que organizam o espaço-mundo. Trataremos da crise ambiental, em um âmbito geral, e de um estudo de caso da Agenda 21 do Complexo Petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Comperj) em particular. A Eco-92 realizada no Rio de Janeiro consagrou o desenvolvimento sustentável e construiu a Agenda 21, um programa de ação que incentiva soluções locais para a conservação do meio e o desenvolvimento econômico. A Petrobrás utiliza-se desse sistema de modo a garantir legitimidade ao gigantesco empreendimento orçado inicialmente em 8,4 bilhões de dólares e que prevê impactos sócio-ambientais de dimensões diretamente proporcionais. A geografia que se desenha para a região nos próximos anos merece um olhar mais atento que analise os conflitos ambientais que se estabelecem. Para isso esse trabalho entrevistou líderes de associações, de comunidades e de movimentos sociais organizados do município de São Gonçalo que participam ativamente das reuniões da Agenda 21 Comperj, ouvindo suas críticas, reivindicações e contribuições para o projeto. O artigo vem contribuir, primeiro, com um esforço reflexivo para perspectivas mais ecológicas ao tentar, através da filosofia da ciência, mostrar a insuficiência do paradigma tradicional em responder aos problemas ambientais atuais. Posteriormente objetiva, a partir dos depoimentos dos diversos atores envolvidos, cooperar com uma visão de meio ambiente mais inteligível, onde a sociedade civil possa participar efetivamente da elaboração de políticas públicas mais eficientes e democráticas a fim de construir uma sociedade mais justa.
COMUNIDADES DE FAXINAL E SUAS DINÂMICAS SÓCIO-ESPACIAIS: DA FORMAÇÃO À DESAGREGAÇÃO DE UMA TRADIÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE TIBAGI (PR) – UM ESTUDO SOBRE O FAXINAL DOS EMPOÇADOS
Authors: Grzebieluka Douglas , Sahr Cicilian Luiza Löwen
Published: September 2014

Este artigo busca analisar as transformações sócio-espaciais de comunidades rurais de Tibagi (PR), especialmente do Faxinal dos Empoçados, cuja estrutura de ocupação apresentou e/ou ainda apresenta características de Faxinal. Através do resgate histórico procura-se compreender os processos que ocasionaram a formação e a ruptura deste modelo singular de desenvolvimento agrosilvipastoril – o Sistema Faxinal. Na dinâmica econômica vivenciada por Tibagi, desde os seus primórdios até a atualidade, as comunidades de faxinal apresentaram seu auge no período do chamado “Tropeirismo de Porco”. A partir de então, a modernização da agricultura e da sociedade foi introduzindo processos homogeneizantes que pouco lugar deixava as comunidades tradicionais, levando a uma desagregação desta tradição no Município.