bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic study of gold nanoparticles catalysis of O2 reduction by ascorbate and hydroethidine, investigating reactive oxygen species reactivity
Authors: Shcherbakov Viacheslav , Denisov Sergey A. , Mostafavi Mehran
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the mechanism of dioxygen reduction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles using two electron donors, sodium ascorbate and hydroethidine, focusing on the potential ROS formation, such as O2˙− and H2O2.
Recent advances in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active 4-quinolone and its analogues: a review
Authors: Dine Ilili , Mulugeta Endale , Melaku Yadessa , Belete Melis
Published: March 2023

4-Quinolone and its analogs are heterocyclic classes of organic compounds displaying biologically active and a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical drug scaffolds.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/magnetite composites: magnetic force microscopy for tracking magnetic domains
Authors: Alavarse Alex Carvalho , Silva Jean Bezerra , Ulrich Henning , Petri Denise Freitas Siqueira
Published: March 2023

Magnetic domains in dried magnetic hydrogels were analyzed through magnetic force microscopy. These magnetic domains can be detected under different MNPs arrangements when inserted in hydrogels.
Responsive blends of block copolymers stabilize the hexagonally perforated lamellae morphology
Authors: Nowak Samantha R. , Tiwale Nikhil , Doerk Gregory S. , Nam Chang-Yong , Black Charles T. , Yager Kevin G.
Published: March 2023

Blends of block copolymers are responsive materials that can form phases distinct from the constituent materials.
The IAG spectral atlas of the spatially resolved Sun: Centre-to-limb observations
Authors: Ellwarth M. , Schäfer S. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M.
Published: March 2023

Context.Solar surface magneto-convection appears as granulation pattern that impacts spectral lines in terms of both shape and wavelength. Such induced effects also tend to vary over the observed solar disc because of the changing observation angle and, thus, the changing observation height as well. Centre-to-limb observations of the resolved Sun offer an insight into the variable spectral behaviour across different heliocentric observing positions, providing crucial information about limb darkening, convective velocities, and line profile variability relevant to radial velocity (RV) calculations. Thus, RV measurements and exoplanet transit spectroscopy depend on precise reference templates.

Aims.We want to provide a spectroscopic centre-to-limb solar atlas at high spectral resolution and high-frequency accuracy. The atlas shall help improve the understanding of the solar atmosphere and convection processes.

Methods.We performed high-resolution observations of the resolved quiet Sun with a Fourier transform spectrograph at the Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik in Göttingen. Our dataset contains a wavelength range from 4200 Å to 8000 Å. We obtained 165 spectra in total, with a spectral resolution of Δν = 0.024 cm−1, corresponding to a resolving powerRof 700 000 at ∼6000 Å.

Results.We present a centre-to-limb solar atlas containing 14 heliocentric positions. To check for consistency, we investigated the Fe I6175 Å absorption line and compared our line profiles with previous centre-to-limb observations and also with simulations. The line profile and also the bisector profiles are generally consistent with previous observations, but we have identified differences to model line profiles, especially close to the solar limb.
The MeerKAT Fornax Survey
Authors: Serra P. , Maccagni F. M. , Kleiner D. , Molnár D. , Ramatsoku M. , Loni A. , Loi F. , de Blok W. J. G. , Bryan G. L. , Dettmar R. J. , Frank B. S. , van Gorkom J. H. , Govoni F. , Iodice E. , Józsa G. I. G. , Kamphuis P. , Kraan-Korteweg R. , Loubser S. I. , Murgia M. , Oosterloo T. A. , Peletier R. , Pisano D. J. , Smith M. W. L. , Trager S. C. , Verheijen M. A. W.
Published: March 2023

The MeerKAT Fornax Survey maps the distribution and kinematics of atomic neutral hydrogen gas (H I) in the nearby Fornax galaxy cluster using the MeerKAT telescope. The 12 deg2 survey footprint covers the central region of the cluster out to ∼Rvir and stretches south-west out to ∼2Rvir to include the NGC 1316 galaxy group. The H I column density sensitivity (3σ over 25 km s−1) ranges from 5 × 1019 cm−2 at a resolution of ∼10″ (∼1 kpc at the 20 Mpc distance of Fornax) down to ∼1018 cm−2 at ∼1′ (∼6 kpc), and slightly below this level at the lowest resolution of ∼100″ (∼10 kpc). The H I mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is 6 × 105 M⊙. The H I velocity resolution is 1.4 km s−1. In this paper, we describe the survey design and H I data processing, and we present a sample of six galaxies with long, one-sided, starless H I tails (only one of which was previously known) radially oriented within the cluster and with measurable internal velocity gradients. We argue that the joint properties of the H I tails represent the first unambiguous evidence of ram pressure shaping the distribution of H I in the Fornax cluster. The disturbed optical morphology of all host galaxies supports the idea that the tails consist of H I that was initially pulled out of the galaxies’ stellar body by tidal forces. Ram pressure was then able to further displace the weakly bound H I and give the tails their current direction, length, and velocity gradient.
Krankenhaussterbefälle nach proximaler Femurfraktur: eine
retrospektive Analyse für Deutschland und die einzelnen
Bundesländer
Authors: Möckel Luis , Mohr Mara , Schillings Johannes
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Proximale Frakturen des Femurs sind mit einer starken
Einschränkung der Lebensqualität und erhöhten
Mortalität assoziiert. Da für Deutschland zur Mortalität
nur wenige Daten vorliegen, war das Ziel dieser Analyse die
Krankenhaussterberate nach proximaler Femurfraktur für Deutschland,
geschlechts- und altersspezifisch sowie für die Bundesländer zu
untersuchen.

Methoden Es wurden Daten zu proximalen Femurfrakturen aus der
InEK-Datenbank unter Berechnung von Odds Ratios (OR), altersstandardisierten
Krankenhaussterberaten (AKR) pro 1.000 Frakturfälle sowie dem Vergleich
der AKR mittels Standardized Rate Ratios (SRR) für Patient*innen
im Alter von≥50 Jahren analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die altersstandardisierte Krankenhaussterberate nach proximaler
Femurfraktur lag für Deutschland bei 28,5 (95%
Konfidenzintervall [95% KI]: 27,4; 29,7) pro 1.000 Frakturen, wobei die
Bundesland-spezifischen AKRs zwischen 18,6 (95% KI: 11,1; 26,1; Bremen)
und 37,2 (95% KI: 24,8; 49,6; Saarland) pro 1.000 Frakturen lagen.
Signifikant höhere AKRs im Vergleich zum Referenzbundesland Bremen
konnten für 10 Bundesländer errechnet werden, mit SRRs von 1,46
(95% KI: 1,02; 2,09; Baden-Württemberg) bis 2,00 (95%
KI: 1,16; 3,43; Saarland). Des Weiteren hatten in der Analyse für ganz
Deutschland Männer eine etwa 2-fach höhere Chance (OR: 1,76
[95% KI: 1,69 1,84]) nach proximaler Femurfraktur im Krankenhaus zu
versterben als Frauen.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Analyse zeigt, dass Männer eine fast
doppelt so hohe Chance haben nach proximaler Femurfraktur im Krankenhaus zu
versterben und dass in Deutschland signifikante Bundeslandunterschiede in der
AKR vorliegen.
Comparison of an Intermittently Scanned (Flash) Continuous Glucose Monitoring System to Standard Self-Monitoring of Capillary Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hussain Farrah N. , Raymond Samantha , Feldman Kristina M. , Scarpelli-Shchur Sophia , Strauss Tirtza S. , Al-Ibraheemi Zainab , Brustman Lois
Published: March 2023

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires close surveillance of blood glucose to prevent perinatal morbidity. Self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (BGM) comes with considerable psychosocial burden. Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitor (isCGM) devices are discreet and could considerably impact the lifestyle of the patient. They are designed to replace BGM testing in nonpregnant patients. Data on this technology in pregnancy are scant. The aim of this study was to assess concordance of BGM with isCGM in GDM.

Study Design Institutional review board approved prospective single-arm study evaluating agreement of isCGM (Freestyle Libre 14-day system) compared with BGM when determining glucose levels fasting and 2-hour postprandial for 14 days. This was documented as percentage of results within Zone A (clinically accurate measurements with no effect on clinical action) or Zone B (values that deviate from reference by >20% but would lead to benign/no treatment) of the Parkes Error Grid (developed for nonpregnant patients with diabetes). Per International Organization for Standardization criteria, agreement was defined as >95% within Zone A or B. Analytical agreement was evaluated using mean and median absolute relative difference (ARD), mean and median absolute difference (AD).

Results There were 1,604 pairs of BGM/isCGM observations for 41 patients. Mean glucose values were 102.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 20.5) and 89.4 (SD = 20.1) mg/dL for BGM and isCGM, respectively. Mean and median AD were 15.9 and 13.0 mg/dL, respectively. Mean and median ARD were 15.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Zones A and B contained 76.9 and 22.9% of values, respectively, in the Parkes Error Grid, for a total of 99.8%.

Conclusion BGM and isCGM demonstrate clinical agreement. However, glucose values with isCGM trended lower, with greater mean and median ARD than prior studies. Given the strict glycemic control required during pregnancy, physicians should be aware of these differences and their possible clinical implications.

Key Points
Digital Antimicrobial Stewardship Decision Support to Improve Antimicrobial Management
Authors: Yarahuan Julia K. W. , Flett Kelly , Nakamura Mari M. , Jones Sarah B. , Fine Andrew , Hunter R. Brandon
Published: March 2023

Objectives We sought to create a digital application to support clinicians in empiric and pathogen-directed antibiotic ordering based on local susceptibility patterns and evidence-based treatment durations, thereby promoting antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods We formed a multidisciplinary team that met bimonthly from 2017 to 2018 to design and construct a web-based antimicrobial stewardship platform called Antibiogram + . We used an iterative and agile technical development process with frequent feedback from clinicians.

Results Antibiogram+ is an online tool, accessible via the electronic health record and hospital intranet, which offers institutional antibiotic susceptibilities for major pathogens, recommendations for empiric antibiotic selection and treatment durations for common pediatric conditions, antimicrobial dosing and monitoring guidance, and links to other internal clinical decision support resources. The tool was accessed 11,823 times with 492 average monthly views during the first 2 years after release. Compared with use of a preexisting print antibiogram and dosing card, pediatric residents more frequently reported “often” being sure of antibiotic dosing with Antibiogram+ (58 vs. 15%, p < 0.01). Respondents also reported improved confidence in choice of antibiotic, but this finding did not reach statistical significance (55 vs. 35%, p = 0.26).

Conclusion We report the successful development of a digital antimicrobial stewardship platform with consistent rates of access during the first 2 years following release and improved provider comfort with antibiotic management.
Wenyang-Yiqi Granule Suppresses Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Autophagy Through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Gao Shuibo , Yu Xiaofang , Han Lihua , Wu Hong
Published: March 2023

Background Wenyang-Yiqi Granule (WYYQ) is a four-component herbal formula, widely used to treat heart failure in China. It is known to regulate autophagy, but the mechanism(s) are unknown.

Methods H9c2 cells were treated with WYYQ for 24 hours prior to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Expressions of the autophagy markers Beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) were evaluated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Protein levels of Beclin-1, LC3, p62, and mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to explore the effects of WYYQ on autophagosome formation.

Results Treatment with WYYQ dramatically restrained OGD-induced autophagy, which was characterized by an inhibition of Beclin-1 and increased LC3 mRNA expression. In addition, WYYQ decreased the expression of Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I; however, the abundance of p62 was enhanced at the protein level. Manipulation of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, p62 abundance, and autophagosome formation in response to WYYQ were associated with mTOR activity.

Conclusions These findings show that WYYQ plays a protective role during hypoxic-ischemic stress through the suppression of excessive autophagy, which may be partially explained by its effects on mTOR. These data provide novel insight into the cardioprotective effects of WYYQ during cardiomyocyte autophagy.
Application of Chiral Piperidine Scaffolds in Drug Design
Authors: Chen Qiu-Shi , Li Jian-Qi , Zhang Qing-Wei
Published: March 2023

Chiral piperidine scaffolds are prevalent as the common cores of a large number of active pharmaceuticals in medical chemistry. This review outlined the diversity of chiral piperidine scaffolds in recently approved drugs, and also covers the scaffolds in leads and drug candidates. The significance of chiral piperidine scaffolds in drug design is also discussed in this article. With the introduction of chiral piperidine scaffolds into small molecules, the exploration of drug-like molecules can be benefitted from the following aspect: (1) modulating the physicochemical properties; (2) enhancing the biological activities and selectivity; (3) improving pharmacokinetic properties; and (4) reducing the cardiac hERG toxicity. Given above, chiral piperidine-based discovery of small molecules will be a promising strategy to enrich our molecules' library to fight against diseases.
Descriptive and Clinical Characteristics of Nonsurvivors in a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Turkey: 6 Years of Experience
Authors: Karakaya Zeynep , Boyraz Merve , Atis Seyma Koksal , Yuce Servet , Duyu Muhterem
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of nonsurvivors in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Turkey. This is a retrospective analysis of patients who died in a tertiary PICU over a 6-year period from 2016 to 2021. Data were drawn from electronic medical records and resuscitation notes. Mode of death was categorized as failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (F-CPR) or brain death. Among the 161 deaths, 136 nonsurvivors were included and 30.1% were younger than 1 year. Severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (31.6%) were the most common primary diagnoses. The most common mode of death was F-CPR (86.8%). More than half of the subjects had been admitted from pediatric emergency departments (58.1%), and more than half (53.7%) had died within 7 days in the PICU. Patients admitted from pediatric emergency departments had the lowest frequency of comorbidities (p < 0.001). Severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and ARDS diagnoses were significantly more frequent in those who died after 7 days (p < 0.001), whereas septicemia, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction were more common among those who died within the first day of PICU admission (p < 0.001). It may be important to note that patients referred from wards are highly likely to have comorbidities, while those referred from pediatric emergency departments may be relatively younger. Additionally, patients with septicemia, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction were more likely to die earlier (within 7 days), especially compared with those with severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, or ARDS.
Early Gestational Weight Gain and the Risk of Preeclampsia in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Deihl Tiffany E. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Parisi Sara M. , Himes Katherine P.
Published: March 2023

Objective The purpose of our study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI)-specific association between early gestational weight gain (GWG) in dichorionic twin pregnancies and the risk of preeclampsia.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all dichorionic twin pregnancies from 1998 to 2013. Data were obtained from a perinatal database and chart abstraction. Prepregnancy BMI was categorized as normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Early GWG was defined as the last measured weight from 160/7 to 196/7weeks' gestation minus prepregnancy weight. GWG was standardized for gestational duration using BMI-specific z-score charts for dichorionic pregnancies. Preeclampsia was diagnosed using American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria and identified with International Classification of Diseases-9 coding. Early GWG z-score was modeled as a three-level categorical variable (≤ − 1 standard deviation [SD], 0, 3 +1 SD), where −1 to +1 was the referent group. We estimated risk differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via marginal standardization.

Results We included 1,693 dichorionic twin pregnancies in the cohort. In adjusted analysis, the incidence of preeclampsia increased with increasing early GWG among women with normal BMI. Women with normal BMI and a GWG z-score < − 1 (equivalent to 2.6 kg by 20 weeks) had 2.5 fewer cases of preeclampsia per 100 births (95% CI: −4.7 to − 0.3) compared with the referent; those with GWG z-score > +1 (equivalent to gaining 9.8 kg by 20 weeks) had 2.8 more cases of preeclampsia per 100 (95 % CI: 0.1–5.5) compared with the referent. In adjusted analyses, early GWG had minimal impact on the risk of preeclampsia in women with overweight or obesity.

Conclusion GWG of 2.6 kg or less by 20 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia among women pregnant with dichorionic twins and normal prepregnancy BMI. Current GWG guidelines focus on optimizing fetal weight and gestational length. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering other outcomes when making GWG recommendations for twin pregnancy.

Key Points
Keeping up with the CSR Joneses: The impact of industry peers on focal firms’ CSR performance
Authors: Chen Chunhua , Jiang Dequan , Li Weiping
Published: March 2023

Using US-listed firms from 2000 to 2015 as a sample, we report a strong enhancing effect of industry peers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance on focal firms’ CSR performance. Firms improve their CSR performance by ~10.15% standard deviation when other peer firms in the same industry increase their CSR by one standard deviation. Moreover, this peer effect is more substantial when the peer firms are closer to focal firms, are included in SP500 index, and have a relatively larger size than focal firms. Focal firms are less likely to follow industry peers if they are industry leaders, have stronger earnings capacity, occupy foreign business and receive fewer analyst followings. Finally, firms following industry peers’ CSR policies achieve less product market shares and poorer performance, but a higher firm value. We suggest that executives should not blindly follow peer firms’ suit and strategically invest in CSR to achieve higher competitiveness.
Combined disruption of T cell inflammatory regulators Regnase-1 and Roquin-1 enhances antitumor activity of engineered human T cells
Authors: Mai David , Johnson Omar , Reff Jordan , Fan Ting-Jia , Scholler John , Sheppard Neil C. , June Carl H.
Published: March 2023

A fundamental limitation of T cell therapies in solid tumors is loss of inflammatory effector functions, such as cytokine production and proliferation. Here, we target a regulatory axis of T cell inflammatory responses, Regnase-1 and Roquin-1, to enhance antitumor responses in human T cells engineered with two clinical-stage immune receptors. Building on previous observations of Regnase-1 or Roquin-1 knockout in murine T cells or in human T cells for hematological malignancy models, we found that knockout of either Regnase-1 or Roquin-1 alone enhances antitumor function in solid tumor models, but that knockout of both Regnase-1 and Roquin-1 increases function further than knockout of either regulator alone. Double knockout of Regnase-1 and Roquin-1 increased resting T cell inflammatory activity and led to at least an order of magnitude greater T cell expansion and accumulation in xenograft mouse models, increased cytokine activity, and persistence. However double knockout of Regnase-1 and Roguin-1 also led to a lymphoproliferative syndrome and toxicity in some mice. These results suggest that regulators of immune inflammatory functions may be interesting targets to modulate to improve antitumor responses.
Spatial mapping reveals granuloma diversity and histopathological superstructure in human tuberculosis
Authors: Sawyer Andrew J. , Patrick Ellis , Edwards Jarem , Wilmott James S. , Fielder Timothy , Yang Qianting , Barber Daniel L. , Ernst Joel D. , Britton Warwick J. , Palendira Umaimainthan , Chen Xinchun , Feng Carl G.
Published: March 2023

The hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of immune cell-enriched aggregates called granulomas. While granulomas are pathologically diverse, their tissue-wide heterogeneity has not been spatially resolved at the single-cell level in human tissues. By spatially mapping individual immune cells in every lesion across entire tissue sections, we report that in addition to necrotizing granulomas, the human TB lung contains abundant non-necrotizing leukocyte aggregates surrounding areas of necrotizing tissue. These cellular lesions were more diverse in composition than necrotizing lesions and could be stratified into four general classes based on cellular composition and spatial distribution of B cells and macrophages. The cellular composition of non-necrotizing structures also correlates with their proximity to necrotizing lesions, indicating these are foci of distinct immune reactions adjacent to necrotizing granulomas. Together, we show that during TB, diseased lung tissue develops a histopathological superstructure comprising at least four different types of non-necrotizing cellular aggregates organized as satellites of necrotizing granulomas.
BK channels of five different subunit combinations underlie the de novo KCNMA1 G375R channelopathy
Authors: Geng Yanyan , Li Ping , Butler Alice , Wang Bill , Salkoff Lawrence , Magleby Karl L.
Published: March 2023

The molecular basis of a severe developmental and neurological disorder associated with a de novo G375R variant of the tetrameric BK channel is unknown. Here, we address this question by recording from single BK channels expressed to mimic a G375R mutation heterozygous with a WT allele. Five different types of functional BK channels were expressed: 3% were consistent with WT, 12% with homotetrameric mutant, and 85% with three different types of hybrid (heterotetrameric) channels assembled from both mutant and WT subunits. All channel types except WT showed a marked gain-of-function in voltage activation and a smaller decrease-of-function in single-channel conductance, with both changes in function becoming more pronounced as the number of mutant subunits per tetrameric channel increased. The net cellular response from the five different types of channels comprising the molecular phenotype was a shift of −120 mV in the voltage required to activate half of the maximal current through BK channels, giving a net gain-of-function. The WT and homotetrameric mutant channels in the molecular phenotype were consistent with genetic codominance as each displayed properties of a channel arising from only one of the two alleles. The three types of hybrid channels in the molecular phenotype were consistent with partial dominance as their properties were intermediate between those of mutant and WT channels. A model in which BK channels randomly assemble from mutant and WT subunits, with each subunit contributing increments of activation and conductance, approximated the molecular phenotype of the heterozygous G375R mutation.
Fast lane detection based on sparse prediction
Authors: Liu Yingying , Huang Tingpei , Yan Liyue , Chen Haihua
Published: March 2023

Lane detection plays an important role in driving safety, so it is necessary to explore more practical lane detection methods. Nowadays, with the development of deep learning, mainstream methods regard the lane detection task as a pixel-level image segmentation task. Although the powerful neural network can greatly improve the detection accuracy, it also brings a large computational cost and reduces the running speed. Therefore, achieving high-precision and high-speed lane detection is still challenging. In this paper, we design an efficient and fast sparse prediction method. Specifically, our method describes the lane line by predicting the location of discrete lane points, so the calculation magnitude is the number of discrete points. This method greatly reduces the calculation cost and is not limited by the number of lane lines. The network structure uses an Encoder–Decoder architecture, and the large receptive field obtained by the structure after downsampling can maintain the spatial continuity between lane points, thus ensuring high accuracy. In addition, self-attention distillation is used to improve the learning ability of the network. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods on the TuSimple and CULane datasets, sparse prediction method achieves high accuracy with obvious speed advantage.
Development of a comprehensive software application for realization and dissemination of the mass scale
Authors: Malengo Andrea , Torchio Davide
Published: March 2023

The main features of the RealMass Calibration software, a tool for mass standards calibration developed at the INRiM, are described. It was developed under the Matlab environment and will be distributed as an executable file on the INRiM website for free download. The software tool has a user-friendly graphical interface to be easily applied by final users. The software is capable of perform advanced mass calibrations processing at the state of the art. Although it can be use at the high-test levels for the mass scale realisation, the user-friendly features also make it suitable for routine calibrations for accredited laboratories. The elaboration of the measurements, defined by the weighing designs, can be performed by the weighted least-squares with Lagrange multipliers and the Gauss Markov estimator. It can take into account uncertainties and correlations of the input quantities, as: between the reference standards, air density measurements and between values of mass and volume of the standards. Tolls to check the consistency of the results are also provided. Validation and the applications to a real case studies are also shown.
Integrable magnetic geodesic flows on 2-surfaces
*
Authors: Agapov Sergei , Potashnikov Alexey , Shubin Vladislav
Published: March 2023

We study the magnetic geodesic flows on 2-surfaces having an additional first integral which is independent of the Hamiltonian at a fixed energy level. The following two cases are considered: when there exists a quadratic in momenta integral, and also the case of a rational in momenta integral with a linear numerator and denominator. In both cases certain semi-Hamiltonian systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) appear. In this paper we construct exact solutions (generally speaking, local ones) to these systems: in the first case via the generalized hodograph method, in the second case via the Legendre transformation and the method of separation of variables.
Interactive STEM educational resource regarding to the projectile motion phenomenon on inclined plane
Authors: Rivera-Ortega Uriel , Hernández-Montero Pamela , Hugo-Teutli
Published: March 2023

In this manuscript it is proposed a simple and low-cost computer-based simulation regarding to the concept of projectile motion (including also a game mode) on its more general case, that is, on inclined plane; with the aim of easing the learning-teaching process regarding to this physical phenomenon. The novelty of this proposal relies on the use of an external control that changes the projectile shooting angle, the initial velocity and inclination of the plane. This educational resource is coded in Scratch for Arduino (S4A), while its electronic interface is based on Arduino UNO.
A framework for prediction of personalized pediatric nuclear medical dosimetry based on machine learning and Monte Carlo techniques
Authors: Eleftheriadis Vasileios , Savvidis Georgios , Paneta Valentina , Chatzipapas Konstantinos , Kagadis George C , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis
Published: March 2023

Objective: A methodology is introduced for the development of an internal dosimetry prediction toolkit for nuclear medical pediatric applications. The proposed study exploits Artificial Intelligence techniques using Monte Carlo simulations as ground truth for accurate prediction of absorbed doses per organ prior to the imaging acquisition considering only personalized anatomical characteristics of any new pediatric patient. Approach: GATE Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a population of computational pediatric models to calculate the specific absorbed dose rates (SADRs) in several organs. A simulated dosimetry database was developed for 28 pediatric phantoms (age range 2–17 years old, both genders) and 5 different radiopharmaceuticals. Machine Learning regression models were trained on the produced simulated dataset, with leave one out cross validation for the prediction model evaluation. Hyperparameter optimization and ensemble learning techniques for a variation of input features were applied for achieving the best predictive power, leading to the development of a SADR prediction toolkit for any new pediatric patient for the studied organs and radiopharmaceuticals. Main results. SADR values for 30 organs of interest were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations for 28 pediatric phantoms for the cases of five radiopharmaceuticals. The relative percentage uncertainty in the extracted dose values per organ was lower than 2.7%. An internal dosimetry prediction toolkit which can accurately predict SADRs in 30 organs for five different radiopharmaceuticals, with mean absolute percentage error on the level of 8% was developed, with specific focus on pediatric patients, by using Machine Learning regression algorithms, Single or Multiple organ training and Artificial Intelligence ensemble techniques. Significance: A large simulated dosimetry database was developed and utilized for the training of Machine Learning models. The developed predictive models provide very fast results (<2 s) with an accuracy >90% with respect to the ground truth of Monte Carlo, considering personalized anatomical characteristics and the biodistribution of each radiopharmaceutical. The proposed method is applicable to other medical dosimetry applications in different patients’ populations.
Simulating mechanical properties of human tissues or organs based on magnetorheological fluid for tactile display
Authors: Liu Gaoyu , Liao Hongpeng , Zhao Xuan , Liao Wei-Hsin , Cao Junyi
Published: March 2023

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery enables surgeons to tele-perform elaborate surgical operations to patients with less damage and pain. Besides force feedback provided by the surgical robot to the surgeon, touching sensations are also important for the surgeon to acquire the complete conditions of the patient. Thus, tactile display devices are crucial elements in surgical robots. Meanwhile, various sensations of magnetorheological (MR) fluid can be provided to human fingers because its stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity can be controlled by applied magnetic field. Therefore, in this paper, a new tactile display device based on MR fluid is proposed. This device has high magnetic conduction efficiency, less magnetic leakage, no MR fluid leakage, and overcomes the major drawbacks of the existing tactile display devices based on MR fluid in literatures. Firstly, the design of the tactile display device is described in detail, followed by its fabrication and assembling methods. Secondly, the working current range of the tactile display device is determined by using electromagnetic finite element method (FEM) simulation. Thirdly, the mathematical model to characterize the compression and shear behaviors of the tactile display device is developed. Then, the tactile display device is tested in terms of normal and shear contact forces, followed by its elastic and shear moduli analysis. Finally, the unknown parameters in the mathematical model are figured out, and the model is validated by using structural FEM simulation. The experimental results show that the elastic and shear modulus range of the proposed tactile display device are respectively 3–7.5 kPa and 1.4–5.0 kPa, which can cover the mechanical properties of various human viscera.
Optimal subalgebra, conservations laws and symmetry reductions with analytical solutions using Lie symmetry analysis and geometric approach for the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model
Authors: Ray S Saha
Published: March 2023

In this article, the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model has been examined for finding its exact closed form solitonic solutions with the help of symmetry generators. These symmetry generators are explored using the Lie symmetry analysis, commonly known as the classical Lie group approach and the geometric approach. In a geometric approach, the extended Harrison and Estabrook’s differential forms have been used for obtaining the infinitesimal generators of the Manakov model. As there are infinite possibilities for the linear combination of infinitesimal generators, so by using Olver’s standard approach a one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebra has been established. Additionally, the ‘new conservation theorem’ put forth by Ibragimov has been utilized in order to devise the conservation laws for the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model. Finally, the exact closed form solutions are obtained with the help of Lie symmetries corresponding to the defined model.
Ghost condensation and subluminal propagation on low derivative backgrounds
Authors: López-Sarrión Justo , Valencia-Villegas Mauricio
Published: March 2023

We show a new class of interaction terms with higher derivatives that can be added to every low derivative real scalar, such that the first order perturbations induced by the higher derivative terms on the low derivative background are ghost-free. This follows without imposing additional constraints. Furthermore, we show a related class of theories with an additional stabilizer variable and a constraint which are ghost-free without restricting to a perturbative expansion. In this case the field equation followed by the stabilizer variable may have interesting physical applications: namely, in contrast to some models with first-order derivative interactions with applications for dark energy and inflation, these constrained second-order derivative self-interactions do not necessarily affect the luminal propagation, hence, avoiding the common superluminality issues of the former.
Projected-field kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cross-correlations: halo model and forecasts
Authors: Bolliet Boris , Colin Hill J. , Ferraro Simone , Kusiak Aleksandra , Krolewski Alex
Published: March 2023

The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, i.e., the Doppler boost of cosmic microwave
background (CMB) photons caused by their scattering off free electrons in galaxy clusters and
groups with non-zero bulk velocity, is a powerful window on baryons in the universe. We present
the first halo-model computation of the cross-power spectrum of the “projected-field” kSZ signal
with large-scale structure (LSS) tracers. We compare and validate our calculations against
previous studies, which relied on N-body-calibrated effective formulas rather than the halo
model. We forecast results for CMB maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (AdvACT), Simons
Observatory (SO), and CMB-S4, and LSS survey data from the Dark Energy Survey, the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory (VRO), and Euclid. In cross-correlation with galaxy number density, for
AdvACT × unWISE we forecast an 18σ projected-field kSZ detection using data
already in hand. Combining SO CMB maps and unWISE galaxy catalogs, we expect a
62σ detection, yielding precise measurements of the gas density profile radial slopes.
Additionally, we forecast first detections of the kSZ — galaxy weak lensing cross-correlation
with AdvACT × VRO/Euclid (at 6σ) and of the kSZ — CMB weak lensing
cross-correlation with SO (at 16σ). Finally, ≈ 10-20% precision measurements of
the shape of the gas density profile should be possible with CMB-S4 kSZ — CMB lensing
cross-correlation without using any external datasets.
In-orbit Performance of the Near-infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Böker T. , Beck T. L. , Birkmann S. M. , Giardino G. , Keyes C. , Kumari N. , Muzerolle J. , Rawle T. , Zeidler P. , Abul-Huda Y. , de Oliveira C. Alves , Arribas S. , Bechtold K. , Bhatawdekar R. , Bonaventura N. , Bunker A. J. , Cameron A. J. , Carniani S. , Charlot S. , Curti M. , Espinoza N. , Ferruit P. , Franx M. , Jakobsen P. , Karakla D. , López-Caniego M. , Lützgendorf N. , Maiolino R. , Manjavacas E. , Marston A. P. , Moseley S. H. , Ogle P. , Perna M. , Peña-Guerrero M. , Pirzkal N. , Plesha R. , Proffitt C. R. , Rauscher B. J. , Rix H.-W. , del Pino B. Rodríguez , Rustamkulov Z. , Sabbi E. , Sing D. K. , Sirianni M. , Plate M. te , Úbeda L. , Wahlgren G. M. , Wislowski E. , Wu R. , Willott Chris J.
Published: March 2023

The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of the four focal plane instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper, we summarize the in-orbit performance of NIRSpec, as derived from data collected during its commissioning campaign and the first few months of nominal science operations. More specifically, we discuss the performance of some critical hardware components such as the two NIRSpec Hawaii-2RG detectors, wheel mechanisms, and the microshutter array. We also summarize the accuracy of the two target acquisition procedures used to accurately place science targets into the slit apertures, discuss the current status of the spectrophotometric and wavelength calibration of NIRSpec spectra, and provide the “as measured” sensitivity in all NIRSpec science modes. Finally, we point out a few important considerations for the preparation of NIRSpec science programs.
Spectroscopic Time Series Performance of the Mid-infrared Instrument on the JWST
Authors: Bouwman Jeroen , Kendrew Sarah , Greene Thomas P. , Bell Taylor J. , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Schreiber Jürgen , Dicken Daniel , Sloan G. C. , Espinoza Néstor , Scheithauer Silvia , Coulais Alain , Fox Ori D. , Gastaud René , Glauser Adrian M. , Jones Olivia C. , Labiano Alvaro , Lahuis Fred , Morrison Jane E. , Murray Katherine , Mueller Michael , Nayak Omnarayani , Wright Gillian S. , Glasse Alistair , Rieke George
Published: March 2023

We present here the first ever mid-infrared spectroscopic time series observation of the transiting exoplanet L 168-9 b with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained as part of the MIRI commissioning activities, to characterize the performance of the Low Resolution Spectroscopy (LRS) mode for these challenging observations. To assess the MIRI LRS performance, we performed two independent analyses of the data. We find that with a single transit observation we reached a spectro-photometric precision of ∼50 ppm in the 7–8 μm range at R = 50, consistent with ∼25 ppm systematic noise. The derived band averaged transit depth is 524 ± 15 ppm and 547 ± 13 ppm for the two applied analysis methods, respectively, recovering the known transit depth to within 1σ. The measured noise in the planet’s transmission spectrum is approximately 15%–20% higher than random noise simulations over wavelengths 6.8 ≲ λ ≲ 11 μm. We observed an larger excess noise at the shortest wavelengths of up to a factor of two, for which possible causes are discussed. This performance was achieved with limited in-flight calibration data, demonstrating the future potential of MIRI for the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres.
DF laser pumped single-crystal Fe:CdTe laser operating at room temperature
Authors: Antonov V A , Firsov K N , Gavrishchuk E M , Ikonnikov V B , Kononov I G , Kurashkin S V , Podlesnykh S V , Savin D V , Zhavoronkov N V
Published: March 2023

The operation at room temperature of a single-crystal Fe:CdTe laser excited by a nonchain electric-discharge DF laser was studied. The output energy of 29 mJ was obtained with a slope efficiency in terms of absorbed energy of 30%. The development of transverse parasitic oscillation at large pump spot sizes on the crystal surface limited the laser output energy. The laser with a nonselective cavity operated in the range of 5.3–5.9 μm; the total width of the generation spectrum was about 600 nm. Comparison of the Fe:CdTe generation spectra, obtained by pumping the crystal with DF and Fe:ZnSe lasers, confirmed the shift of the generation spectrum to the long wavelength region with increasing pump wavelengths. The maximum generation wavelength of the Fe:CdTe laser with a nonselective resonator excited by the Fe:ZnSe laser was 6.02 μm with a total width of the generation spectrum of about 370 nm. Ways are discussed for further increasing the room-temperature output energy of a Fe:CdTe laser.
Calcium imaging and analysis of the jugular-nodose ganglia enables identification of distinct vagal sensory neuron subsets
Authors: Huerta Tomás S , Haider Bilal , Adamovich-Zeitlin Richard , Chen Adrian C , Chaudhry Saher , Zanos Theodoros P , Chavan Sangeeta S , Tracey Kevin J , Chang Eric H
Published: March 2023

Objective. Sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit afferent signals from the body to the brain. These peripheral nerves are composed of distinct subsets of fibers and associated cell bodies, which reside in peripheral ganglia distributed throughout the viscera and along the spinal cord. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is a complex polymodal nerve that transmits a wide array of sensory information, including signals related to mechanical, chemical, and noxious stimuli. To understand how stimuli applied to the vagus nerve are encoded by vagal sensory neurons in the jugular-nodose ganglia, we developed a framework for micro-endoscopic calcium imaging and analysis. Approach. We developed novel methods for in vivo imaging of the intact jugular-nodose ganglion using a miniature microscope (Miniscope) in transgenic mice with the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f. We adapted the Python-based analysis package Calcium Imaging Analysis (CaImAn) to process the resulting one-photon fluorescence data into calcium transients for subsequent analysis. Random forest classification was then used to identify specific types of neuronal responders. Results. We demonstrate that recordings from the jugular-nodose ganglia can be accomplished through careful surgical dissection and ganglia stabilization. Using a customized acquisition and analysis pipeline, we show that subsets of vagal sensory neurons respond to different chemical stimuli applied to the vagus nerve. Successful classification of the responses with a random forest model indicates that certain calcium transient features, such as amplitude and duration, are important for encoding these stimuli by sensory neurons. Significance. This experimental approach presents a new framework for investigating how individual vagal sensory neurons encode various stimuli on the vagus nerve. Our surgical and analytical approach can be applied to other PNS ganglia in rodents and other small animal species to elucidate previously unexplored roles for peripheral neurons in a diverse set of physiological functions.
Suppression of resistive interchange instability by external RMP
Authors: Ito S. , Watanabe K.Y. , Takemura Y. , Sakakibara S. , Masamune S.
Published: March 2023

We experimentally investigate the effect of external resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on resistive interchange MHD instability which is typically observed in the Large Helical Device. We apply the m/n = 1/1 external RMP to discharges with the m/n = 1/1 interchange instability. We find that the electron density fluctuation as well as the magnetic field one is clearly reduced without a reduction of the pressure gradient by imposing the external RMP. Moreover, the achieved beta value as well as the beta gradient at the resonant surface is a little improved under certain conditions. Next, we investigate the responses of interchange instability to the external RMP under some different operational conditions. We find that the amplitude of the external RMP to completely suppress the instability with the shielding of the external RMP has a higher correlation with the volume-averaged beta value than other plasma parameters.
Lindhard integral equation with binding energy applied to light and charge yields of nuclear recoils in noble liquid detectors
Authors: Sarkis Y. , Aguilar-Arevalo  , D’Olivo J.C.
Published: March 2023

We present a model of the ionization efficiency, or quenching factor, for low-energy nuclear recoils, based on a solution to Lindhard integral equation with binding energy and apply it to the calculation of the relative scintillation efficiency and charge yield for nuclear recoils in noble liquid detectors. The quenching model incorporates a constant average binding energy together with an electronic stopping power proportional to the ion velocity, and is an essential input in an analysis of charge recombination processes to predict the ionization and scintillation yields. Our results are comparable to NEST simulations of LXe and LAr and are in good agreement with available data. These studies are relevant to current and future experiments using noble liquids as targets for neutrino physics and the direct searches for dark matter.
Performance of a thick 250 μm silicon carbide detector: stability and energy resolution
Authors: Kushoro M.H. , Rebai M. , La Via F. , Meli A. , Meda L. , Parisi M. , Cippo E.P. , Putignano O. , Trotta A. , Tardocchi M.
Published: March 2023

Silicon carbide detectors represent an alternative to diamond detectors for fast neutron detection in harsh environments, especially fusion plasmas. Previous studies on thin prototypes (either 10 μm or 100 μm thick) suggested that thicker active volumes might be better suited for spectroscopy measurements, due to the higher chance of retaining the neutron interaction products inside the active volume. Therefore, in this work two 250 μm SiC prototypes are tested with alpha particles following the same process conducted in the past for thinner prototypes. A stable detection is demonstrated, along an energy resolution that, if projected to DT neutrons, could become the lowest achieved so far with a SiC detector (1.3%). Some difficulties in reaching a full depletion are highlighted, as long as perspectives of a partial polarization operation of the detectors.