bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of interaction between particulate matter and temperature on mortality in Beijing, China
Authors: Tian Lin , Liang Fengchao , Guo Qun , Chen Shi , Xiao Shengning , Wu Ziting , Jin Xiaobin , Pan Xiaochuan
Published: January 2018

Bivariate response surface analysis of PM10and mean temperature in daily non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Beijing, China, 2006–2009.
Quantifying variability in removal efficiencies of chemicals in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants – a meta-analytical approach
Authors: Douziech Mélanie , Conesa Irene Rosique , Benítez-López Ana , Franco Antonio , Huijbregts Mark , van Zelm Rosalie
Published: January 2018

A meta-analysis summarises the removal of fragrances, surfactants, and pharmaceuticals and identifies the main influencing parameters.
Ameliorative role of camel whey protein and rosuvastatin on induced dyslipidemia in mice
Authors: El-Shinnawy Nashwa Ahmed , Abd Elhalem Sahar Sobhy , Haggag Nawal Zakaria , Badr Gamal
Published: January 2018

Activity of camel whey protein against dyslipidemia.
A more sustainable and efficient access to IMes·HCl and IPr·HCl by ball-milling
Authors: Beillard Audrey , Bantreil Xavier , Métro Thomas-Xavier , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: January 2018

A user and environmentally friendly synthesis of the widely used N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors was realized using mechanochemistry.
Plasmonic core–shell ionic microgels for photo-tuning catalytic applications
Authors: Wang Yitong , Wang Ling , Hao Jingcheng , Dong Shuli
Published: January 2018

NIR laser acts as a motor to drive and control Au-based catalysts which exhibit highly catalytic activity.
Activity coefficients in deep eutectic solvents: implications for the solvent extraction of metals
Authors: Foreman Mark R. St J. , Holgersson Stellan , McPhee Conor , Tyumentsev Mikhail S.
Published: January 2018

On the difference in the activity coefficient between aqueous sodium chloride and a deep eutectic solvent.
Property enhancement and DFT study of wood polymer composites using rosin derivatives as co-monomers
Authors: Mandal Moon , Borgohain Punampriya , Begum Pakiza , Deka Ramesh C. , Maji Tarun K.
Published: January 2018

Synthesis of wood polymer composites with a polymer matrix and a reinforcing agent derived from renewable resources having satisfactory properties.
Monitoring the dynamics of cell-derived extracellular vesicles at the nanoscale by liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Piffoux Max , Ahmad Nabeel , Nelayah Jaysen , Wilhelm Claire , Silva Amanda , Gazeau Florence , Alloyeau Damien
Published: January 2018

Visualizing the behavior of extracellular vesicles and synthetic liposomes in their native environment at the nanoscale.
Nanocracking and metallization doubly defined large-scale 3D plasmonic sub-10 nm-gap arrays as extremely sensitive SERS substrates
Authors: Pan Ruhao , Yang Yang , Wang Yujin , Li Shuang , Liu Zhe , Su Yewang , Quan Baogang , Li Yunlong , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie
Published: January 2018

Stress-induced cracking and metallization are combined to fabricate controllably large-scale 3D plasmonic sub-10 nm-gap arrays for extremely sensitive SERS detection application.
A mild method for synthesizing carboxylic acids by oxidation of aldoximes using hypervalent iodine reagents
Authors: Nakamura Akira , Kanou Hodaka , Tanaka Junki , Imamiya Akira , Maegawa Tomohiro , Miki Yasuyoshi
Published: January 2018

A variety of aldoximes can be efficiently converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids with hypervalent iodine reagent.
Miyaura borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (MBSC) sequence of 4-bromo-2,4′-bithiazoles with halides: straightforward access to a heterocylic cluster of d-series of thiopeptide GE2270
Authors: Lassalas Pierrik , Berini Christophe , Rouchet Jean-Baptiste E. Y. , Hédouin Jonathan , Marsais Francis , Schneider Cédric , Baudequin Christine , Hoarau Christophe
Published: January 2018

Synthesis of 4-heteroaryl- and 4-alkenyl-2,4′bithiazoles via Pd-catalyzed MBSC sequence.
Effect of C60 on the phase transition behavior of a lipid bilayer under high pressure
Authors: Yang Haiyang , Huang Zhiheng , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2018

By employing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we obtained the temperature–pressure phase diagrams of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer, which exhibits a gel phase and a fluid phase, with variation of the C60versus lipid ratios.
A novel triphenylacrylonitrile based AIEgen for high contrast mechanchromism and bicolor electroluminescence
Authors: Hu Jiayou , Jiang Bingli , Gong Yongyang , Liu Yuanli , He Gang , Yuan Wang Zhang , Wei Chun
Published: January 2018

An AIE luminogen with high contrast mechanochromic and bicolor electroluminescence.
Solid base catalysts derived from Ca–Al–X (X = F−, Cl− and Br−) layered double hydroxides for methanolysis of propylene carbonate
Authors: Liao Yunhui , Li Feng , Pu Yanfeng , Wang Feng , Dai Xin , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui
Published: January 2018

The CA-F− catalyst modified with Al3+ and F− was highly active and recyclable for dimethyl carbonate synthesis.
Porous Pt–NiOx nanostructures with ultrasmall building blocks and enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Li Bangquan , Fan Hongsheng , Cheng Ming , Song Yuanjun , Li Fangtao , Wang Xiaodan , Wang Rongming
Published: January 2018

A porous Pt–NiOx nanomaterial was constructed by a simple strategy to achieve excellent ethanol oxidation catalyst performance.
Manipulating catalytic activity and durability of Pt-modified Cu–Fe–La/γ-Al2O3 ternary catalyst for catalytic wet air oxidation: effect of calcination temperature
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Zhou Yanbo , Wang Qingyu , Shi Junjun , Peng Chao , He Lingfeng , Shi Liang
Published: January 2018

A series of novel Pt-modified Cu–Fe–La/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method, and their performances were evaluated in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW).
Aminated EVOH nanofiber membranes for Cr(vi) adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Xu Dandan , Lu Jianwei , Yan Shan , Xiao Ru
Published: January 2018

Aminated-ethylene vinyl alcohol (l-Lys/EVOH, Cy/l-Lys/EVOH and DETA/EVOH) nanofiber membranes were prepared for hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] removal by facile chemical modification on the surface of EVOH nanofiber membranes.
Dynamics of a microbial community during an effective boost MEOR trial using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Su Sanbao , Dong Hao , Chai Lujun , Zhang Xiaotao , Banat Ibrahim M. , Wang Zhengliang , Hou Dujie , Zhang Fan , She Yuehui
Published: January 2018

The microbes stimulated during injection of boost nutrients were mainly those detected both in injection water and production water.
Schiff base-functionalized mesoporous silicas (MCM-41, HMS) as Pb(ii) adsorbents
Authors: Enache Daniela F. , Vasile Eugenia , Simonescu Claudia Maria , Culita Daniela , Vasile Eugeniu , Oprea Ovidiu , Pandele Andreea Madalina , Razvan Anca , Dumitru Florina , Nechifor Gheorghe
Published: January 2018

MCM-41@salen, HMS-C12@salen and HMS-C16@salen sorbents present high sorption capacities for Pb(ii) and are suitable materials for the removal of Pb(ii).
Synthesis, magnetic and transport properties of HTP-Ni3Sn2 single crystals obtained by the chemical vapor transport method
Authors: Xian Cong , Wang Jian
Published: January 2018

Here, we report the synthesis, magnetic properties and transport properties of HTP-Ni3Sn2 single crystals.
Cathodoluminescence of Y2O3:Ln3+ (Ln = Tb, Er and Tm) and Y2O3:Bi3+ nanocrystalline particles at 200 keV
Authors: Engelsen Daniel den , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Silver Jack
Published: January 2018

The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of nanocrystalline Y2O3:Tb3+ (0.3%), Y2O3:Er3+ (1%), Y2O3:Tm3+ (2%) and Y2O3:Bi3+ (1%) were recorded in a transmission electron microscope at 200 keV, low current density and various temperatures.
Dynamical inversion of the energy landscape promotes non-equilibrium self-assembly of binary mixtures
Authors: Pestana Luis Ruiz , Minnetian Natalie , Lammers Laura Nielsen , Head-Gordon Teresa
Published: January 2018

When driven out of equilibrium, many diverse systems can form complex spatial and dynamical patterns, even in the absence of attractive interactions.
Lipid biochemical changes detected in normal appearing white matter of chronic multiple sclerosis by spectral coherent Raman imaging
Authors: Poon K. W. C. , Brideau C. , Klaver R. , Schenk G. J. , Geurts J. J. , Stys P. K.
Published: January 2018

Multiple sclerosis white matter exhibits widespread biochemical lipid pathology of myelin measured by label-free spectral CARS microscopy.
Enhancement of interfacial bioelectrocatalysis in Shewanella microbial fuel cells by a hierarchical porous carbon–silica composite derived from distiller's grains
Authors: Wu Xiaoshuai , Qiao Yan , Shi Zhuanzhuan , Li Chang Ming
Published: January 2018

A synergistic effect of a hierarchically porous structure and a siliceous crust surface for an enhanced bioelectrocatalysis activity in a microbial fuel cell.
Activity-induced instability of phonons in 1D microfluidic crystals
Authors: Tsang Alan Cheng Hou , Shelley Michael J. , Kanso Eva
Published: January 2018

One-dimensional crystals of active particles in microfluidic flow channels exhibit collective vibrational modes reminiscent of acoustic ‘phonons’.
Shear-banding in entangled xanthan solutions: tunable transition from sharp to broad shear-band interfaces
Authors: Tang H. , Kochetkova T. , Kriegs H. , Dhont J. K. G. , Lettinga M. P.
Published: January 2018

The smooth transition between gradient-banded velocity profiles with a sharp interface and curved velocity profiles in entangled xanthan suggests that stiffness and local interactions between the sliding polymer chains play essential roles in shear banding in entangled polyelectrolytes.
Nanoparticle separation based on size-dependent aggregation of nanoparticles due to the critical Casimir effect
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Stan Gheorghe , Liu Yun
Published: January 2018

An efficient and general size-dependent nanoparticle separation/purification method is demonstrated based on the critical Casimir force-induced particle aggregation.
Directional rolling of positively charged nanoparticles along a flexibility gradient on long DNA molecules
Authors: Park Suehyun , Joo Heesun , Kim Jun Soo
Published: January 2018

Directed rolling of a nanoparticle along a gradient of local DNA flexibility.
Impact of droplets on immiscible liquid films
Authors: Che Zhizhao , Matar Omar K.
Published: January 2018

The immiscibility between the droplet and the liquid film has a profound effect on impact dynamics.
Elongated phase separation domains in spin-cast polymer blend thin films characterized using a panoramic image
Authors: Zhang Hong , Okamura Yosuke
Published: January 2018

We demonstrate a coupling between the elongated phase separation domains and the striation defect in spin-cast polymer blend thin films.
From discrete to continuous description of spherical surface charge distributions
Authors: Lošdorfer Božič Anže
Published: January 2018

Multipole expansion of spherical surface charge distributions which takes into account the finite spatial extent of charges relative to particle size.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels traceable with MRI
Authors: Mauri Emanuele , Micotti Edoardo , Rossetti Arianna , Melone Lucio , Papa Simonetta , Azzolini Giulia , Rimondo Stefano , Veglianese Pietro , Punta Carlo , Rossi Filippo , Sacchetti Alessandro
Published: January 2018

Polymer functionalization strategies have recently attracted considerable attention for several applications in biomaterials science.
Large-scale preparation of a 3D patchy surface with dissimilar dendritic amphiphiles
Authors: Feng Yanyan , Wan Yujia , Jin Ming , Wan Decheng
Published: January 2018

We show here the first example of the large-scale surface decoration of a macroscopic and porous monolith with dissimilar micropatches.
Self-assembly of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-bis-(dimethyldodecyl-ammonium bromide), in cyclohexane: effects of spacer length on their association into reverse lyotropic liquid crystalline or reverse vesicles
Authors: Deng Shenglu , Zhao Jianxi
Published: January 2018

An increase in the spacer length of the gemini surfactant 12-s-12 strongly influenced the aggregation of the surfactant in cyclohexane.
Evaluation of cation migration in lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite solid oxide fuel cell cathodes via in-operando X-ray diffraction
Authors: Hardy J. S. , Coyle C. A. , Bonnett J. F. , Templeton J. W. , Canfield N. L. , Edwards D. J. , Mahserejian S. M. , Ge L. , Ingram B. J. , Stevenson J. W.
Published: January 2018

SEM and in-operando XRD correlate operating conditions, spinel peak shifts, nano-nodule formation, and activation or degradation behavior in LSCF cathodes.
The simultaneous detection and removal of organophosphorus pesticides by a novel Zr-MOF based smart adsorbent
Authors: Yang Qingfeng , Wang Jing , Chen Xinyu , Yang Weixia , Pei Hanna , Hu Na , Li Zhonghong , Suo Yourui , Li Tao , Wang Jianlong
Published: January 2018

A novel Zr-MOF based smart adsorbent was fabricated for the simultaneous detection and removal of organophosphorus pesticides in wastewater.
Carbon-supported metal nanodendrites as efficient, stable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Venarusso Luna B. , Boone Chirley V. , Bettini Jefferson , Maia Gilberto
Published: January 2018

One-pot-produced XC-72 carbon-supported metal nanodendrites with Pt or Pt–Pd surfaces proved highly catalytic toward the ORR.
MXenes/graphene heterostructures for Li battery applications: a first principles study
Authors: Aierken Yierpan , Sevik Cem , Gülseren Oğuz , Peeters François M. , Çakır Deniz
Published: January 2018

Heterostructure made of MXenes and graphene enhances the Li storage and increases the stability of the system for its application in a promising Li-ion battery.
Synergic coating and doping effects of Ti-modified integrated layered–spinel Li1.2Mn0.75Ni0.25O2+δ as a high capacity and long lifetime cathode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Vu Ngoc Hung , Im Jong Chan , Unithrattil Sanjith , Im Won Bin
Published: January 2018

The Ti-modified Li1.2Mn0.75Ni0.25O2+δ with core–shell structure has showed better cycling stability than the pristine one.
Effect of pressure on the gasification of dodecane with steam and supercritical water and consequences for H2 production
Authors: Sanchez-Hernandez Ana M. , Martin-Sanchez Nicolas , Sanchez-Montero M. Jesus , Izquierdo Carmen , Salvador Francisco
Published: January 2018

Steam gasifies dodecane faster than supercritical water, but supercritical water is able to produce greater amounts of H2.
An integrated organic–inorganic hole transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Guo Yaxiong , Lei Hongwei , Xiong Liangbin , Li Borui , Fang Guojia
Published: January 2018

Conjugated polymer FBT-Th4 and evaporation deposited CuxO integrated hole transporting materials have been fabricated for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
A Ni(OH)2–PtO2 hybrid nanosheet array with ultralow Pt loading toward efficient and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xie Lisi , Ren Xiang , Liu Qin , Cui Guanwei , Ge Ruixiang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Zhang Qiuju , Chen Liang
Published: January 2018

The ultralow-Pt-content (Pt content: 5.1 wt%) Ni(OH)2–PtO2 hybrid nanoarray behaves as a superb and durable electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution.
Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6−x)
Authors: Zhu Weiguang , Xin Guoqing , Wang Yiping , Min Xin , Yao Tiankai , Xu Wenqian , Fang Minghao , Shi Sufei , Shi Jian , Lian Jie
Published: January 2018

Cs2SnIxCl6−x perovskites were synthesized using hydriodic acid as an iodine source, and the color scheme displays a tunable band gap with varying I−/Cl− ratios.
Monolayer graphitic germanium carbide (g-GeC): the promising cathode catalyst for fuel cell and lithium–oxygen battery applications
Authors: Ji Yujin , Dong Huilong , Hou Tingjun , Li Youyong
Published: January 2018

Monolayer g-GeC exhibits excellent catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction when used as a cathode catalyst in fuel cells and Li–O2 batteries.
A multi-dye@MOF composite boosts highly efficient photodegradation of an ultra-stubborn dye reactive blue 21 under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Li Qing , Fan Zeng-Lu , Xue Dong-Xu , Zhang Yu-Feng , Zhang Zong-Hui , Wang Qian , Sun Hua-Ming , Gao Ziwei , Bai Junfeng
Published: January 2018

This study provides a new avenue to construct a novel multi-dye@MOF composite photocatalyst towards addressing some unresolved environmental issues, i.e. the decontamination of the ultra-stubborn dye RB21.
Bimetallic Ni–Fe phosphide nanocomposites with a controlled architecture and composition enabling highly efficient electrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Li Ping , Zeng Hua Chun
Published: January 2018

A series of bimetallic Ni–Fe phosphide nanocomposites with a controlled architecture and composition are finely engineered for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation.
Facile preparation of polysaccharide-based sponges and their potential application in wound dressing
Authors: Cheng Huan , Li Chaojing , Jiang Yujia , Wang Bijia , Wang Fujun , Mao Zhiping , Xu Hong , Wang Lu , Sui Xiaofeng
Published: January 2018

A cellulose–chitosan hybrid sponge incorporating sustainability, desired functionality and stability was used as a wound dressing.
Coexistence of open and closed type nodal line topological semimetals in two dimensional B2C
Authors: Zhou P. , Ma Z. S. , Sun L. Z.
Published: January 2018

The detection of open and closed type nodal lines in the bilayer topological semimetal B2C on the substrate of Cu(110).
A large enhancement of magnetocaloric effect by chemical ordering in manganites
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Zhu Yinyan , Liu Hao , Lin Hanxuan , Miao Tian , Yu Yang , Han Furong , Wang Wenbin , Sun Jirong , Yin Lifeng , Shen Jian
Published: January 2018

A dramatic enhancement of magnetocaloric effect by controlling the length scale of electronic phase separation in manganite films.
Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by a d-Glucosamine-Derived Organocatalyst
Authors: Peddinti Rama , Sharma Arun
Published: January 2018

Sugar-based primary amines have been employed as organocatalysts for the direct asymmetric Mannich reaction. By catalyst-screening experiments, we observed that catalysts bearing a hydroxy function at C-3 actively participated in the reaction, possibly through hydrogen bonding with the imine generated in situ, to provide β-amino carbonyl compounds with better diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. All the products were obtained in good to excellent enantiomeric excess.
Giant Cells Osseous Tumor in the Tarsal Canal after Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Lughi Marcello
Published: January 2018

Ankle sprain can cause injuries to the anatomic structures surrounding the tibiotarsal joint. A possible extra-articular pathology is to be hypothesized and diagnosed as early as possible. The subtalar joint, for anatomical and functional reasons, is one of the most damaged joints following an ankle sprain. In spite of this, its involvement is often underestimated. The clinical case presented in the present article is referred to a giant cells osseous tumor in the tarsal canal that was diagnosed 2 months after an inversion ankle sprain.
Zum 200. Jahrestag der Schöpfung des Begriffes „Psychosomatisch“ in der medizinischen Weltliteratur durch Johann Christian August Heinroth
Authors: Steinberg Holger
Published: January 2018

Johann Christian August Heinroth (1873–1843) blieb bis heute v. a. bekannt als erster Inhaber eines seelenheilkundlichen Lehrstuhls in der Welt. Diesen Lehrstuhl für „Psychische Therapie“ besetzte er an der Universität Leipzig von 1811 bis zu seinem Tode 1843 1
2.
Hautkrebsvorsorge PLUS − Die Früherkennung von HPV-bedingten Plattenepithelkarzinomen in der dermatologischen Praxis
Authors: Hilfrich R.
Published: January 2018

Die Zahl der Neuerkrankungen an HPV-bedingten Plattenepithelkarzinomen ist stark im Anstieg begriffen. Geschlechterspezifisch sind wesentliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Lokalisation der Kanzerosen erkennbar. Während Frauen überwiegend von Anogenitalkarzinomen betroffen sind, erkranken Männer in erster Linie an HPV-bedingtem Mund- und Rachenkrebs. Insgesamt stellen Karzinome in Mund und Rachen mittlerweile die häufigste HPV-bedingte Tumorart in den entwickelten Ländern dar. Die Früherkennung dieser Tumoren ist maßgeblich für eine gute Prognose. Während es bislang keine aussagekräftige und praktikable Methode der Früherkennung für HPV-bedingte Tumoren im Rachen gab, stellt das neue immunologische Testverfahren unter Verwendung von Anti-HPV16 L1 DRH1 eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des Hautkrebsscreenings dar.
High performance inkjet-printed metal oxide thin film transistors via addition of insulating polymer with proper molecular weight
Authors: Sun Dawei , Chen Cihai , Zhang Jun , Wu Xiaomin , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: January 2018

Fabrication of metal oxide thin film transistor (MOTFT) arrays using the inkjet printing process has caused tremendous interest for low-cost and large-area flexible electronic devices. However, the inkjet-printed MOTFT arrays usually exhibited a non-uniform geometry due to the coffee ring effect, which restricted their commercial application. Therefore, in this work, a strategy is reported to control the geometry and enhance device performance of inkjet-printed MOTFT arrays by the addition of an insulating polymer to the precursor solution prior to film deposition. Moreover, the impact of the polymer molecular weight (MW) on the geometry, chemical constitution, crystallization, and MOTFT properties of inkjet-printed metal oxide depositions was investigated. The results demonstrated that with an increase of MW of polystyrene (PS) from 2000 to 200 000, the coffee ring was gradually faded and the coffee ring effect was completely eliminated when MW reached 200 000, which is associated with the enhanced viscosity with the insulating polymer, providing a high resistance to the outward capillary flow, which facilitated the depinning of the contact line, leading to the elimination of the coffee ring. More importantly, the carrier mobility increased significantly from 4.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 up to 13.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 as PS MW increased from 2000 to 200 000, which was about 3 times that of the pristine In2O3 TFTs. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that PS doping of In2O3 films not only frustrated crystallization but also altered chemical constitution by enhancing the formation of the M-O structure, both of which facilitated the carrier transport. These results demonstrated that the simple polymer additive process provides a promising method that can efficiently control the geometry of MO arrays during inkjet printing and maximize the device performance of MOTFT arrays, which showed great potential for the application in next generation printed displays and integrated circuits.
Three-dimensional hybrid silicon nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based molecular detection
Authors: Vendamani V. S. , Nageswara Rao S. V. S. , Venugopal Rao S. , Kanjilal D. , Pathak A. P.
Published: January 2018

Three-dimensional silver nanoparticles decorated vertically aligned Si nanowires (Si NWs) are effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for molecular detection at low concentration levels. The length of Si NWs prepared by silver assisted electroless etching is increased with an increase in etching time, which resulted in the reduced optical reflection in the visible region. These substrates were tested and optimized by measuring the Raman spectrum of standard dye Rhodamine 6G (R6G) of 10 nM concentration. Further, effective SERS enhancements of ∼105 and ∼104 were observed for the cytosine protein (concentration of 50 μM) and ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer used in explosives composition with a concentration of 10 μM), respectively. It is established that these three-dimensional SERS substrates yielded considerably higher enhancement factors for the detection of R6G when compared to previous reports. The sensitivity can further be increased and optimized since the Raman enhancement was found to increase with an increase in the density of silver nanoparticles decorated on the walls of Si NWs.
A novel approach to electron data background treatment in an online wide-angle spectrometer for laser-accelerated ion and electron bunches
Authors: Lindner F. H. , Bin J. H. , Englbrecht F. , Haffa D. , Bolton P. R. , Gao Y. , Hartmann J. , Hilz P. , Kreuzer C. , Ostermayr T. M. , Rösch T. F. , Speicher M. , Parodi K. , Thirolf P. G. , Schreiber J.
Published: January 2018

Laser-based ion acceleration is driven by electrical fields emerging when target electrons absorb laser energy and consecutively leave the target material. A direct correlation between these electrons and the accelerated ions is thus to be expected and predicted by theoretical models. We report on a modified wide-angle spectrometer, allowing the simultaneous characterization of angularly resolved energy distributions of both ions and electrons. Equipped with online pixel detectors, the RadEye1 detectors, the investigation of this correlation gets attainable on a single shot basis. In addition to first insights, we present a novel approach for reliably extracting the primary electron energy distribution from the interfering secondary radiation background. This proves vitally important for quantitative extraction of average electron energies (temperatures) and emitted total charge.
A compact design of a characterization station for far UV photodetectors
Authors: Feng Peter X. , Aldalbahi Ali
Published: January 2018

A newly fabricated characterization station is presented. It is a compact, cost-effective, and easily adjustable apparatus. Each part including 4-pin probe, manipulators, operating temperature, and applied bias can be independently controlled. The station can provide highly reliable, reproducible, and economical methods to quickly conduct and complete the characterizations of a large amount of sensing materials within a short period of time. It is particularly suitable for studies of various nanostructured materials and their related thermal effect, polarization effect, sensitivity, and electrical and electronic properties.
Mechanism and application method to analyze the carrier scattering factor by electrical conductivity ratio based on thermoelectric property measurement
Authors: Xu Guiying , Ren Pan , Lin Tie , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Yanhua , Niu Sitong , Bailey Trevor P.
Published: January 2018

Carrier scattering factor is one of the most important parameters for semiconductors. In this paper, we propose the mechanism and the application method to analyze the carrier scattering factor(s) by comparing the ratios of electrical conductivity σ(T)/σ(T0 = 300 K) vs. temperature T in the theoretical calculation and experimental results. It is demonstrated that σ(T)/σ(T0 = 300 K) is only related to the carrier scattering factor when the density of states effective mass, m*, is assumed to be constant in small temperature ranges. Therefore, the carrier scattering factor dependence of the ratios of σ(T)/σ(T0 = 300 K) can be used to pinpoint the carrier scattering mechanism. Taking Bi0.5Sb1.5Te2.7+xSe0.3 as an example, it is found that no matter what theoretical models for the Seebeck coefficient over a range of the reduced Fermi energy are used, the analysis results for the scattering mechanism are unique. The reason behind such an observation is that the ratio of σ(T)/σ(T0) is only dependent on the carrier scattering for a certain material. As such, we can neglect the effect of degeneracy on the carrier scattering mechanism, and select the simplest theoretical Seebeck coefficient model to estimate the scattering mechanism before the self-consistent η(T) (reduced Fermi level) is obtained. The effect of temperature dependence of the m*(T) on the σ(T)/σ(T0) is also discussed.
Widom line, dynamical crossover, and percolation transition of supercritical oxygen via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Raman Abhinav S. , Li Huiyong , Chiew Y. C.
Published: January 2018

Supercritical oxygen, a cryogenic fluid, is widely used as an oxidizer in jet propulsion systems and is therefore of paramount importance in gaining physical insights into processes such as transcritical and supercritical vaporization. It is well established in the scientific literature that the supercritical state is not homogeneous but, in fact, can be demarcated into regions with liquid-like and vapor-like properties, separated by the “Widom line.” In this study, we identified the Widom line for oxygen, constituted by the loci of the extrema of thermodynamic response functions (heat capacity, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, and isothermal compressibility) in the supercritical region, via atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the Widom lines derived from these response functions all coincide near the critical point until about 25 bars and 15–20 K, beyond which the isothermal compressibility line begins to deviate. We also obtained the crossover from liquid-like to vapor-like behavior of the translational diffusion coefficient, shear viscosity, and rotational relaxation time of supercritical oxygen. While the crossover of the translational diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity coincided with the Widom lines, the rotational relaxation time showed a crossover that was largely independent of the Widom line. Further, we characterized the clustering behavior and percolation transition of supercritical oxygen molecules, identified the percolation threshold based on the fractal dimension of the largest cluster and the probability of finding a cluster that spans the system in all three dimensions, and found that the locus of the percolation threshold also coincided with the isothermal compressibility Widom line. It is therefore clear that supercritical oxygen is far more complex than originally perceived and that the Widom line, dynamical crossovers, and percolation transitions serve as useful routes to better our understanding of the supercritical state.
Probing the internal energy structure of a serially coupled double quantum dot system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling through finite-frequency shot noise
Authors: Xue Hai-Bin , Liu Xu-Ping , Chen Bin
Published: January 2018

The finite-frequency shot noise of electron transport through a serially coupled double quantum dot system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is studied based on an effective particle-number-resolved quantum master equation. We demonstrate that the finite-frequency shot noise displays an obvious dip, and the dip position, which is independent of the spin polarizations of the source and drain electrodes, is determined by the energy difference between the coherent singly-occupied eigenstates of the quantum dot system. These results suggest that the dip position of the finite-frequency shot noise can be used to quantitatively extract the information about the energy difference between the coherent singly-occupied eigenstates and the magnitude of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The predicted properties of the finite-frequency shot noise are of particular interest for understanding of the internal dynamics of the coupled quantum dot systems.
Modeling back-relaxation in ionic polymer metal composites: The role of steric effects and composite layers
Authors: Porfiri Maurizio , Sharghi Hesam , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2018

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a new class of active materials that are gaining traction as soft actuators in medical and industrial applications. IPMCs can undergo large deformations under modest voltage inputs, in dry and wet environments. Past studies have demonstrated that physical and geometric properties of all the IPMC constituents (ionomer, electrodes, and counterions) may all influence the time scales of the transient response and severity of the back-relaxation. In this study, we present a detailed mathematical model to investigate how the finite size of the counterions and the presence of metal particles in the vicinity of the electrodes modulate IPMC actuation. We build on previous work by our group on thermodynamically consistent modeling of IPMC mechanics and electrochemistry, which attributes IPMC actuation to the interplay between Maxwell stress and osmotic forces. To gain insight into the role of physical and geometric parameters, the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are solved semianalytically using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, for the initial transient and the steady-state. A numerical solution in COMSOL Multiphysics® is developed to verify semianalytical findings and further explore IPMC actuation. Our model can successfully predict the entire response of IPMCs, from the initial bending toward the anode to the steady-state toward the cathode. We find that the steric effect can abolish the back-relaxation of IPMCs by restraining the counterions' concentration near the electrodes. We also find that increasing the thickness of the ionomer-metal composite layers may enhance IPMC actuation through increased osmotic forces and Maxwell stress.
Crystallization tendencies of modelled Lennard-Jones liquids with different attractions
Authors: Valdès L.-C. , Gerges J. , Mizuguchi T. , Affouard F.
Published: January 2018

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed on simple models composed of monoatomic Lennard-Jones atoms for which the repulsive interaction is the same but the attractive part is tuned. We investigate the precise role of the attractive part of the interaction potential on different structural, dynamical, and thermodynamical properties of these systems in the liquid and crystalline states. It includes crystallization trends for which the main physical ingredients involved have been computed: the diffusion coefficient, the Gibbs energy difference between the liquid and the crystalline state, and the crystal-liquid interfacial free energy. Results are compared with predictions from the classical nucleation theory including transient and steady-state regimes at moderate and deeper undercooling. The question of the energetic and entropic impact of the repulsive and attractive part of the interaction potential towards crystallization is also addressed.
Effects of defects and microstructure on release melting of shock-loaded copper: Atomistic simulations
Authors: He An-Min , Wang Pei , Shao Jian-Li
Published: January 2018

This work is dedicated to study the effects of defects and microstructures on release melting of shock-loaded copper, based on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Three types of specimens are established including a single crystal with a nanovoid, a bicrystal with a twist grain boundary, and an idealized hexagonal columnar nanocrystal. The microscopic dynamics and the thermodynamic properties of these samples during shock unloading are investigated. It is revealed that preexistent defects in single crystals and anisotropic responses of constituent grains in nanocrystals, which can induce local release melting prior to homogeneous melting of defect-free regions, have noticeable influences on the release melting process. Moreover, distinct from the non-equilibrium release melting of perfect single crystals, local release melting in these systems takes place when the release path passes through the thermodynamic melting curve, demonstrating an equilibrium process.
Glassy behavior and dynamic tweed in defect-free multiferroics
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Salje Ekhard K. H. , Sun Jun , Ding Xiangdong
Published: January 2018

Multiferroics often show significant elastic fluctuations even when the transition is strongly stepwise. Molecular dynamics simulations of a generic toy model show the appearance of tweed nanostructures (cross hatched patterns) in the paraelastic phase just above the transition point. This tweed lowers the elastic modulus C12 when approaching the transition temperature. The spatial and temporal correlations of the tweed structure follow the Vogel-Fulcher relationship, and the Vogel-Fulcher temperature is slightly below the transition temperature Ttrans, preventing this glassy state to freeze completely. Spatial correlations of shear strain show that the size of tweed patches reaches about eight lattice spacings near Ttrans. Cross- and rod-shaped diffuse scattering, similar to that in relaxors, emerges around {hh0}* and {h00}* Bragg reflections. The viscosity of the sample increases dramatically at the transition point with a significant precursor increase in the tweed regime.
Filtering higher-order laser modes using leaky plasma channels
Authors: Djordjević B. Z. , Benedetti C. , Schroeder C. B. , Esarey E. , Leemans W. P.
Published: January 2018

Plasma structures based on leaky channels are proposed to filter higher-order laser mode content. The evolution and propagation of non-Gaussian laser pulses in leaky channels are studied, and it is shown that, for appropriate laser-plasma parameters, the higher-order laser mode content of the pulse may be removed while the fundamental mode remains well-guided. The behavior of multi-mode laser pulses is described analytically and numerically using envelope equations, including the derivation of the leakage coefficients, and compared to particle-in-cell simulations. Laser pulse propagation, with reduced higher-order mode content, improves guiding in parabolic plasma channels, enabling extended interaction lengths for laser-plasma accelerator applications.
Liquid-liquid phase separation in dilute solutions of poly(styrene sulfonate) with multivalent cations: Phase diagrams, chain morphology, and impact of temperature
Authors: Hansch Markus , Hämisch Benjamin , Schweins Ralf , Prévost Sylvain , Huber Klaus
Published: January 2018

The dilute solution behavior of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) is studied in the presence of trivalent Al3+ and bivalent Ba2+ cations at various levels of excess NaCl. The study evaluates the phase behavior and the morphology of the polyelectrolyte chains with increasing extent of decoration with the Al3+ and Ba2+ cations and analyses the effect of temperature on these decorated chains. The phase behavior is presented in the form of the cation concentration versus the respective poly(styrene sulfonate) concentration, recorded at the onset of precipitation. Whereas poly(styrene sulfonate) with Al3+ exhibits a linear phase boundary, denoted as the “threshold line,” which increases with increasing poly(styrene sulfonate) concentration, Ba2+ cations show a threshold line which is independent of the poly(styrene sulfonate) concentration. An additional re-entrant phase, at considerably higher cation content than those of the threshold lines, is observed with Al3+ cations but not with Ba2+ cations. The threshold line and the re-entrant phase boundary form parts of the liquid-liquid phase boundary observed at the limit of low polymer concentration. The dimensions of the polyelectrolyte chains shrink considerably while approaching the respective threshold lines on increase of the Al3+ and Ba2+ cation content. However, subtle differences occur between the morphological transformation induced by Al3+ and Ba2+. Most strikingly, coils decorated with Al3+ respond very differently to temperature variations than coils decorated with Ba2+ do. As the temperature increases, the poly(styrene sulfonate) chains decrease their size in the presence of Al3+ cations but increase in size in the presence of Ba2+ cations.
Helical patterns of magnetization and magnetic charge density in iron whiskers
Authors: Templeton Terry L. , Hanham Scott D. , Arrott Anthony S.
Published: January 2018

Studies with the (1 1 1) axis along the long axis of an iron whisker, 40 years ago, showed two phenomena that have remained unexplained: 1) In low fields, there are six peaks in the ac susceptibility, separated by 0.2 mT; 2) Bitter patterns showed striped domain patterns. Multipole columns of magnetic charge density distort to form helical patterns of the magnetization, accounting for the peaks in the susceptibility from the propagation of edge solitons along the intersections of the six sides of a (1 1 1) whisker. The stripes follow the helices. We report micromagnetic simulations in cylinders with various geometries for the cross-sections from rectangular, to hexagonal, to circular, with wide ranges of sizes and lengths, and different anisotropies, including (0 0 1) whiskers and the hypothetical case of no anisotropy. The helical patterns have been there in previous studies, but overlooked. The surface swirls and body helices are connected, but have their own individual behaviors. The magnetization patterns are more easily understood when viewed observing the scalar divergences of the magnetization as isosurfaces of magnetic charge density. The plus and minus charge densities form columns that interact with unlike charges attracting, but not annihilating as they are paid for by a decrease in exchange energy. Just as they start to form the helix, the columns are multipoles. If one could stretch the columns, the self-energy of the charges in a column would be diminished while making the attractive interactions of the unlike charges larger. The columns elongate by becoming helical. The visualization of 3-D magnetic charge distributions aids in the understanding of magnetization in soft magnetic materials.
Rapid detection of exosomal microRNA biomarkers by electrokinetic concentration for liquid biopsy on chip
Authors: Cheung Lucia S. , Wei Xi , Martins Diogo , Song Yong-Ak
Published: January 2018

An ion concentration polarization (ICP)-based electrokinetic concentration device is used for accelerating the surface hybridization reaction between exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and morpholinos (MOs) as a synthetic oligo capture probe in the nanomolar concentration range in a microfluidic channel. Compared with standard hybridization at the same concentration, the hybridization time of the miRNA target on MO capture probes could be reduced from ∼24 h to 30 min, with an increase in detection speed by 48 times. This ICP-enhanced hybridization method not only significantly decreases the detection time but also makes workflow simple to use, circumventing use of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or other conventional enzyme-based amplification methods that can cause artifacts.
High aspect ratio induced spontaneous generation of monodisperse picolitre droplets for digital PCR
Authors: Xu Xiaonan , Yuan Haojun , Song Ruyuan , Yu Miao , Chung Ho Yin , Hou Youmin , Shang Yuhe , Zhou Hongbo , Yao Shuhuai
Published: January 2018

Droplet microfluidics, which involves micrometer-sized emulsion droplets on a microfabricated platform, has been demonstrated as a unique system for many biological and chemical applications. Robust and scalable generation of monodisperse droplets at high throughput is of fundamental importance for droplet microfluidics. Classic designs for droplet generation employ shear fluid dynamics to induce the breakup of droplets in a two-phase flow and the droplet size is sensitive to flow rate fluctuations, often resulting in polydispersity. In this paper, we show spontaneous emulsification by a high aspect ratio (>3.5) rectangular nozzle structure. Due to the confinement and abrupt change of the structure, a Laplace pressure difference is generated between the dispersed and continuous phases, and causes the thread thinning and droplet pinch-off without the need to precisely control external flow conditions. A high-throughput droplet generator was developed by parallelization of a massive number of the basic structures. This device enabled facile and rapid partition of aqueous samples into millions of uniform picolitre droplets in oil. Using this device, on-chip droplet-based digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for absolute quantification of rare genes with a wide dynamic range.
A unified stochastic formulation of dissipative quantum dynamics. II. Beyond linear response of spin baths
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Yu , Cao Jianshu
Published: January 2018

We use the “generalized hierarchical equation of motion” proposed in Paper I [C.-Y. Hsieh and J. Cao, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 014103 (2018)] to study decoherence in a system coupled to a spin bath. The present methodology allows a systematic incorporation of higher-order anharmonic effects of the bath in dynamical calculations. We investigate the leading order corrections to the linear response approximations for spin bath models. Two kinds of spin-based environments are considered: (1) a bath of spins discretized from a continuous spectral density and (2) a bath of localized nuclear or electron spins. The main difference resides with how the bath frequency and the system-bath coupling parameters are distributed in an environment. When discretized from a continuous spectral density, the system-bath coupling typically scales as ∼1/NB where NB is the number of bath spins. This scaling suppresses the non-Gaussian characteristics of the spin bath and justifies the linear response approximations in the thermodynamic limit. For the nuclear/electron spin bath models, system-bath couplings are directly deduced from spin-spin interactions and do not necessarily obey the 1/NB scaling. It is not always possible to justify the linear response approximations in this case. Furthermore, if the spin-spin Hamiltonian is highly symmetrical, there exist additional constraints that generate highly non-Markovian and persistent dynamics that is beyond the linear response treatments.
Cargo navigation across 3D microtubule intersections
Authors: Bergman Jared P. , Bovyn Matthew J. , Doval Florence F. , Sharma Abhimanyu , Gudheti Manasa V. , Gross Steven P. , Allard Jun F. , Vershinin Michael D.
Published: January 2018

Significance

Eukaryotic cells use microtubule (MT)-based transport to control the distribution of cargos across their complex and crowded environment. Prior models of MT-based motility considered cargo behavior on single filaments or simple networks. However, numerous recent reports revealed surprisingly complex 3D MT networks and associated complex cargo motility in cells. Such phenomena could not be modeled in previous studies. We show (via a recently developed experimental approach and in silico modeling) that network geometry plays a significant role in MT-based motility: The 3D properties of a single intersection can determine cargo routing, depending on cargo properties (e.g., size), opening the possibility that tuning 3D network geometry allows for selective targeting of cargos around the cell.
Hamilton's inclusive fitness maintains heritable altruism polymorphism through
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Authors: Wang Changcao , Lu Xin
Published: January 2018

Significance

Why should some individuals help others at the expense of their own fitness? Hamilton’s elegant formula
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