bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Adaptation in a Mediterranean Semi-Arid Catchment: Testing Managed Aquifer Recharge and Increased Surface Reservoir Capacity
Authors: Guyennon Nicolas , Salerno Franco , Portoghese Ivan , Romano Emanuele
Published: September 2017

Among different uses of freshwater, irrigation is the most impacting groundwater resource, leading to water table depletion and possible seawater intrusion. The unbalance between the availability of water resources and demand is currently exacerbated and could become worse in the near future in accordance with climate change observations and scenarios provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, Increasing Maximum Capacity of the surface reservoir (IMC) and Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) are adaptation measures that have the potential to enhance water supply systems resiliency. In this paper, a multiple-users and multiple-resources-Water Supply System (WSS) model is implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of these two adaptation strategies in a context of overexploited groundwater under the RCP 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 IPCC scenarios. The presented a case study that is located in the Puglia, a semi-arid region of South Italy characterized by a conspicuous water demand for irrigation. We observed that, although no significant long-term trend affects the proposed precipitation scenarios, the expected temperature increase highly impacts the WSS resources due to the associated increase of water demand for irrigation purposes. Under the RCP 4.5 the MAR scenario results are more effective than the IMC during long term wet periods (typically 5 years) and successfully compensates the impact on the groundwater resources. Differently, under RCP 8.5, due to more persistent dry periods, both adaptation scenarios fail and groundwater resource become exposed to massive sea water intrusion during the second half of the century. We conclude that the MAR scenario is a suitable adaptation strategy to face the expected future changes in climate, although mitigation actions to reduce green-house gases are strongly required.
MALT90 Kinematic Distances to Dense Molecular Clumps
Authors: Whitaker J. Scott , Jackson James M. , Rathborne J. M. , Foster J. B. , Contreras Y. , Sanhueza Patricio , Stephens Ian W. , Longmore S. N.
Published: September 2017

Using molecular-line data from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey (MALT90), we have estimated kinematic distances to 1905 molecular clumps identified in the ATLASGAL 870 μm continuum survey over the longitude range 295° < l < 350°. The clump velocities were determined using a flux-weighted average of the velocities obtained from Gaussian fits to the HCO+, HNC, and N2H+ (1–0) transitions. The near/far kinematic distance ambiguity was addressed by searching for the presence or absence of absorption or self-absorption features in 21 cm atomic hydrogen spectra from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey. Our algorithm provides an estimation of the reliability of the ambiguity resolution. The Galactic distribution of the clumps indicates positions where the clumps are bunched together, and these locations probably trace the locations of spiral arms. Several clumps fall at the predicted location of the far side of the Scutum–Centaurus arm. Moreover, a number of clumps with positive radial velocities are unambiguously located on the far side of the Milky Way at galactocentric radii beyond the solar circle. The measurement of these kinematic distances, in combination with continuum or molecular-line data, now enables the determination of fundamental parameters such as mass, size, and luminosity for each clump.
Multi-frequency Scatter Broadening Evolution of Pulsars. I
Authors: Krishnakumar M. A. , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Manoharan P. K.
Published: September 2017

We present multi-wavelength scatter broadening observations of 47 pulsars made with the Giant Metre-wave Radio Telescope (GMRT), Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT), and Long Wavelength Array (LWA). The GMRT observations were made in the phased array mode at 148, 234, and 610 MHz and the ORT observations at 327 MHz. The LWA data sets were obtained from the LWA pulsar data archive. The broadening of each pulsar as a function of observing frequency provides the frequency scaling index, α. The estimations of α have been obtained for 39 pulsars and include entirely new estimates for 31 pulsars. This study increases the total sample of pulsars available with α estimates by ∼50%. The overall distribution of α with the dispersion measure (DM) of the pulsar shows interesting variations, which are consistent with earlier studies. However, for a given value of DM, a range of α values are observed, indicating the characteristic turbulence along each line of sight. For each pulsar, the estimated level of turbulence,

, has also been compared with α and DM. Additionally, we compare the distribution of α with the theoretically predicted model to infer the general characteristics of the ionized interstellar medium. Nearly 65% of the pulsars show a flatter index (i.e.,

) than that expected from the Kolmogorov turbulence model. Moreover, the group of pulsars with flatter indices is typically associated with an enhanced value of

compared to those with steeper indices.
The Relationship Between Brightest Cluster Galaxy Star Formation and the Intracluster Medium in CLASH
Authors: Fogarty Kevin , Postman Marc , Larson Rebecca , Donahue Megan , Moustakas John
Published: September 2017

We study the nature of feedback mechanisms in the 11 CLASH brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) that exhibit extended ultraviolet and nebular line emission features. We estimate star formation rates (SFRs), dust masses, and starburst durations using a Bayesian photometry-fitting technique that accounts for both stellar and dust emission from the UV through far-IR. By comparing these quantities to intracluster medium (ICM) cooling times and freefall times derived from X-ray observations and lensing estimates of the cluster mass distribution, we discover a tight relationship between the BCG SFR and the ICM cooling time to freefall time ratio,

, with an upper limit on the intrinsic scatter of 0.15 dex. Furthermore, starburst durations may correlate with ICM cooling times at a radius of

, and the two quantities converge upon reaching the gigayear regime. Our results provide a direct observational link between the thermodynamical state of the ICM and the intensity and duration of BCG star formation activity, and appear consistent with a scenario where active galactic nuclei induce condensation of thermally unstable ICM overdensities that fuel long-duration (>1 Gyr) BCG starbursts. This scenario can explain (a) how gas with a low cooling time is depleted without causing a cooling flow and (b) the scaling relationship between SFR and

. We also find that the scaling relation between SFR and dust mass in BCGs with SFRs

 yr−1 is similar to that in star-forming field galaxies; BCGs with large (

 yr−1) SFRs have dust masses comparable to extreme starbursts.
Emission Line Properties of Seyfert Galaxies in the 12 μm Sample
Authors: Malkan Matthew A. , Jensen Lisbeth D. , Rodriguez David R. , Spinoglio Luigi , Rush Brian
Published: September 2017

We present optical and ultraviolet spectroscopic measurements of the emission lines of 81 Seyfert 1 and 104 Seyfert 2 galaxies that comprise nearly all of the IRAS 12 μm AGN sample. We have analyzed the emission-line luminosity functions, reddening, and other diagnostics. For example, the narrow-line regions (NLR) of Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies do not significantly differ from each other in most of these diagnostics. Combining the Hα/Hβ ratio with a new reddening indicator—the [S ii]6720/[O ii]3727 ratio—we find the average E(B–V) is 0.49 ± 0.35 for type 1 and 0.52 ± 0.26 for type 2 Seyferts. The NLR of Sy 1s has an ionization level insignificantly higher than that of Sy 2s. For the broad-line region (BLR), we find that the C iv equivalent width correlates more strongly with [O iii]/Hβ than with UV luminosity. Our bright sample of local active galaxies includes 22 Seyfert nuclei with extremely weak broad wings in Hα, known as Seyfert 1.9s and 1.8s, depending on whether or not broad Hβ wings are detected. Aside from these weak broad lines, our low-luminosity Seyferts are more similar to the Sy 2s than to Sy 1s. In a BPT diagram, we find that Sy 1.8s and 1.9s overlap the region occupied by Sy 2s. We compare our results on optical emission lines with those obtained by previous investigators, using AGN subsamples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The luminosity functions of forbidden emission lines [O ii]λ3727 Å, [O iii]λ5007 Å, and [S ii]λ6720 Å in Sy 1s and Sy 2s are indistinguishable. They all show strong downward curvature. Unlike the LFs of Seyfert galaxies measured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, ours are nearly flat at low luminosities. The larger number of faint Sloan “AGN” is attributable to their inclusion of weakly emitting LINERs and H ii+AGN “composite” nuclei, which do not meet our spectral classification criteria for Seyferts. In an Appendix, we have investigated which emission line luminosities can provide the most reliable measures of the total non-stellar luminosity, estimated from our extensive multi-wavelength database. The hard X-ray or near-ultraviolet continuum luminosity can be crudely predicted from either the [O iii]λ5007 Å luminosity or the combinations of [O iii]+Hβ or [N ii]+Hα lines, with a scatter of

times for Sy 1s and

times for Sy 2s. Although these uncertainties are large, the latter two hybrid (NLR+BLR) indicators have the advantage of predicting the same HX luminosity independent of Seyfert type.
An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C
Authors: Wu Ya-Lin , Sheehan Patrick D.
Published: September 2017

Dynamical mass estimates down to the planet-mass regime can help to understand planet formation. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm observations of FW Tau C, a proposed ∼10 M
Jup planet-mass companion at ∼330 au from the host binary FW Tau AB. We spatially and spectrally resolve the accretion disk of FW Tau C in 12CO (2–1). By modeling the Keplerian rotation of gas, we derive a dynamical mass of ∼0.1 M
☉. Therefore, FW Tau C is unlikely a planet, but rather a low-mass star with a highly inclined disk. This also suggests that FW Tau is a triple system consisting of three ∼0.1 M
☉ stars.
Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae infection, Sri Lanka
Authors: Cordier Charlotte , Tattevin Pierre , Leyer Caroline , Cailleaux Marine , Raoult Didier , Angelakis Emmanouil
Published: September 2017

Introduction. Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae was recently reported as a common rickettsiosis in France. Current serological evidence suggests the presence of scrub typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Sri Lanka. We detected a human case of R. sibirica mongolitimonae in Sri Lanka.

Methodology. A skin biopsy of the eschar was tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp. using qPCR assay targeting a 109-bp fragment of a hypothetical protein and by PCR amplification and sequencing targeting the ompA gene.

Results. A 30-year-old woman who had just returned from travel to a jungle in Sri Lanka was evaluated as an outpatient for fever. Examination revealed an enlarged axillary lymph node, a maculopapular rash and an eschar at her left flank and a skin biopsy of the eschar was performed. The skin biopsy was positive for the presence of Rickettsia spp. by qPCR and PCR amplification and sequencing targeting the ompA gene revealed R. sibirica mongolitimonae. Immunofluorescence assay on an acute serum sample for spotted fever group rickettsial antigens (Rickettsia conorii conorii, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, Rickettsia felis) and typhus group rickettsiae (Rickettsia typhi) was negative. The patient was treated by oral doxycycline (200 mg/day) for one week.

Conclusions. R. sibirica mongolitimonae should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected rickettsiosis in, or returning from, Sri Lanka.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from free-range pigs
Authors: Zhang Hongna , Zhao Xiaonan , Wang Xuepeng , Chang Weishan
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Numerous studies about antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) of animal origins have been conducted around the world, most of them focus on bacteria from animals raised in intensive breeding farms, but systematic studies on antimicrobial resistance in E. coli of free range animals are still lacking.

Methodology: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli from free-range pigs in Laiwu mountainous areas, eastern China.

Results: Among 123 fecal samples, 123 non-duplicate E. coli were obtained with an isolation rate of 100.0％ (123/123). These E. coli showed the highest resistance rate to tetracycline (77/123, 62.6％), but all were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Thirty-eight E. coli (38/123, 30.9％) showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Among 123 E. coli isolates, only 39 carried antimicrobial resistant genes detected in this study. Of these 39 isolates, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, qnrB, qnrD, qnrS1, floR and cfr genes were detected in 13, 9, 4, 7, 10, 7, 20, and 7 isolates, respectively. blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-14 genes were concomitantly detected in 6 isolates, and blaTEM, qnrB, qnrS and qnrD genes were concomitantly detected in 7 isolates.

Conclusions: Free-ranging pigs may be regarded as a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistant genes.
Single aflatoxin B1 exposure induces changes in gut microbiota community in C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Ishikawa A.T. , Weese J.S. , Bracarense A.P.F.R.L. , Alfieri A.A. , Oliveira G.G. , Kawamura O. , Hirooka E.Y. , Itano E.N. , Costa M.C.
Published: September 2017

The liver and the gastrointestinal tract are the earliest target for the harmful effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This study investigated the impact of a single oral administration of AFB1 (663 µg of AFB1/kg of body weight) on the gut microbial community of C57Bl/6 mice. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed with an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. AFB1 caused significant increases in theLachnospiraceae family and decreases inMucispirillum genus. In conclusion, a single oral dose of AFB1 changed the relative abundances of some taxa, but not the overall membership or structure of intestinal microbial communities in C57Bl/6 mice.
T786C Mutation in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene in Patients With Primary Osteonecrosis
Authors: Khan Amir M. , Choi Joshua , Freiberg Richard A. , Glueck Charles J. , Goldenberg Naila , Wang Ping
Published: September 2017

Mutations in the T786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) are associated with osteonecrosis and Prinzmetal's angina. Nitric oxide is necessary for bone health and ameliorates Prinzmetal's angina. This study compared mutations of T786C eNOS in 146 patients with primary osteonecrosis, 114 patients with Prinzmetal's angina, and 83 normal control subjects. Patients with osteonecrosis had more mutant eNOS alleles than control subjects (42% vs 22%, respectively;
P
<.0001) but had the same number of mutant alleles as patients with Prinzmetal's angina (42% vs 41%, respectively;
P
=.7), who in turn had more mutant eNOS alleles than control subjects (41% vs 22%, respectively;
P
=.0001). Of 146 patients with primary osteonecrosis, 65 (45%) had none of the 5 thrombophilias (Factor V Leiden heterozygosity, high levels of Factors VIII and XI, anticardiolipin antibody immunoglobulin M, and homocysteine) that otherwise distinguished patients with osteonecrosis from control subjects (
P
<.05). No associations were found between eNOS hetero-homozygosity and the 5 major thrombophilias in primary osteonecrosis. Of the 65 patients who had osteonecrosis but no major thrombophilias, for 41 (28% of the total sample of 146), eNOS hetero-homozygosity was the only abnormality. Normalization of nitric oxide levels with
l
-arginine 9 g/d or
l
-citrulline 800 mg/d, both of which relieve vasospastic angina in Prinzmetal's angina, which has the same eNOS genotype as primary osteonecrosis, may slow or stop the progression of osteonecrosis. Placebo-controlled trials of patients with primary osteonecrosis who are hetero-homozygous for the T786C eNOS mutation and have no major thrombophilias are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of this treatment. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e898–e903.]
Factors Associated With First-Time NCLEX-RN Success: A Descriptive Research Study
Authors: Johnson Tanya , Sanderson Bonnie , Wang Chih-hsuan , Parker Francine
Published: September 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with scores achieved on the Health Education Systems, Inc. (HESI) exit examination and successful first-time NCLEX-RN
®
pass rates.

Method:

A retrospective descriptive study examined the administrative data of 211 baccalaureate nursing students.

Results:

Students who completed the program in sequence and scored higher in certain HESI course examinations were more likely to have a better performance on the HESI exit examination. The higher the scores students achieved on the HESI exit examination, the more likely they were to pass the NCLEX-RN on their first attempt.

Conclusion:

These findings add to the growing body of literature seeking to identify variables associated with success in first-time NCLEX-RN success. Further research is needed to identify strategies that can be implemented to ensure timely progression, program completion, and licensure examination success. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(9):542–545.]
Mask-Ed: Breaking the Barrier of Fear of Intimate Care for Nursing Students
Authors: Reid-Searl Kerry , O'Neill Barbara
Published: September 2017

Background:

Nursing students learn to toilet, shower, and dress patients in the clinical laboratory with simulation modalities that lack the realism necessary to address the fears, values, and beliefs of nudity and intimate contact with patients.

Method:

A high-fidelity Mask-Ed™ (KRS [
K
nowledgeable,
R
ealistic,
S
pontaneous] simulation) intervention was developed and piloted with first-year nursing students around patient showering to increase confidence and skills around intimate care.

Results:

Students initially felt intimidated, awkward, nervous, and anxious about showering patients; however, after the Mask-Ed simulation, 93% reported feeling more confident and having insight into the patient experience. The realism of the scenario was a contributing factor.

Conclusion:

Mask-Ed provides a platform for the educator to create realistic scenarios around intimate care that help students prepare, on many levels, for their initial clinical experiences. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(9):572–574.]
Selecting and training a panel to evaluate the rancid defect in soybean oil and fish hamburgers
Authors: Marques C. , Dos Reis A. S. , Da Silva L. D. , Carpes S. T. , Mitterer-Daltoé M. L.
Published: September 2017

Due to its composition of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, oils and fats are very susceptible to oxidation, with rancidity being one of the main defects. Among the several existing methodologies to monitor oxidation in foods, sensory analysis stands out because of the sensitivity of responses. Accordingly, this study aimed to select and train a panel of expert assessors to identify the rancid flavor, showing the statistical steps in the process. Assessors were selected according to their individual performance, statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s mean comparison, Wald Sequential Analysis and chi-square test. The validation of the trained panel was carried out with the sensory analysis of fish burgers and soybean oil. F Value and box-plot graphic methods were effective for better visualization of results when used along with the mean and standard deviation tables. The final trained panel consisted of seven assessors, who have been able to identify and differentiate rancid taste in both samples used for validation.
Estudio métrico de ALFIN en Iberoamérica: de la bibliometría a las altmetrics
Authors: Uribe-Tirado Alejandro , Alhuay-Quispe Joel
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo busca aproximarse a la identificación de la presencia, productividad e influencia de autores iberoamericanos sobre alfabetización informacional - ALFIN, y analizar el impacto y uso de sus contribuciones académicas en las plataformas sociales y científicas a través de indicadores bibliométricos y altmétricos. Partiendo de los resultados arrojados en estudios bibliométricos a nivel mundial e iberoamericano sobre ALFIN incluidos en las principales bases de datos y las publicaciones recopiladas en una wiki iberoamericana, se extraen los autores con mayor productividad (55 autores). Luego, a partir de la consulta directa a ocho plataformas científicas (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Mendeley, ORCID, IraLIS, E-LIS y EXIT), tres redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter y LinkedIn) y los datos proporcionados por un proveedor comercial (Altmetric.com), se realiza un análisis de indicadores bibliométricos y altmétricos a nivel de autores y publicaciones. Encontramos de manera general, que existe mayor presencia de autores en ResearchGate (58%), Academia.edu (51%) y Google Scholar (49%) que en Mendeley (25%) y ORCID (18%), y que la mayor influencia potencial en plataformas sociales por la cantidad de seguidores radica en Facebook ( / top 10 autores). Además, un análisis con el estadístico rho de Spearman, arroja entre algunas fuentes y plataformas, una correlación baja entre número de citas en Google Scholar y lecturas en Mendeley (r=382) y negativa baja para menciones en blogs (r=0,-237), Google+ (r=0,-214) y Twitter (r=0,-183). Finalmente, que tanto la productividad como el impacto-visibilidad se centran en unos determinados autores de ALFIN, y que, para estos autores, y, en general, para las perspectivas métricas asumidas, considerando distintos recursos de medición, existe un impacto positivo en doble vía, de lo bibliométrico a las altmétricas y viceversa.
The Study of the Kinetics of Obtaining Betulin and Extractive Substances from the Birch Tree Bark
Authors: Tretiakov Sergei I. , Koptelova Elena N. , Kutakova Natalia A. , Bagretsova Nina V. , Voropaeva Nadezhda L.
Published: September 2017

Birch bark attracts attention of researchers as a source of betulin and other extractive substances (ES) useful for chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. A challenge is to develop an efficient way of obtaining these bioactive agents. This paper presents a microwave-assisted technique of extracting these substances from the waste birch bark of the plywood industry. The kinetics of the extraction was investigated. With the process going on in the pore-diffusion area, the hydrodynamic conditions of the operation are discussed. An algorithm for calculating the kinetics of the procedure was developed and experimentally confirmed. The estimations for the process were made at constant values of the internal diffusion coefficient. The value of the coefficient was found to be a function of the birch bark fragments dimensions. An equation was established to estimate the duration of the extraction to obtain the given yield of ES and betulin.
Необходимые условия перестановочности степеней в конечномерных алгебрах над полем
Authors: Zyazin Andrey Valentinovich , Katyshev Sergey Yur'evich
Published: September 2017

Приводятся необходимые условия перестановочности степеней в конечномерной алгебре над полем.
Артинов бимодуль с квазифробениусовым бимодулем трансляций
Authors: Nechaev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Tsypyschev Vadim Nikolaevich
Published: September 2017

Обсуждается возможность обобщения понятия линейной рекуррентной последовательности над коммутативным кольцом на случай ЛРП над некоммутативным кольцом. С этой целью всякому бимодулю $_AM_B$ над артиновыми слева и справа соответственно кольцами $A$ и $B$ сопоставляется эквивалентный ему бимодуль трансляций $_CM_Z$, где $C$ - мультипликативное кольцо бимодуля $_AM_B$, $Z$ - его центр, и исследуется связь между квазифробенисовостью бимодулей $_AM_B$ и $_CM_Z$. Показано, что из квазифробениусовости бимодуля $_AM_B$ в общем случае не следует квазифробениусовость бимодуля $_CM_Z$ , однако при некоторых ограничениях на бимодуль $_CM_Z$ обратная импликация верна.
Human Cases of Tularemia in Armenia, 1996–2012
Authors: Melikjanyan Syuzanna , Palayan Karo , Vanyan Artavazd , Avetisyan Lilit , Bakunts Nune , Kotanyan Marine , Guerra Marta
Published: September 2017

A retrospective analysis was conducted of human cases and outbreaks of tularemia in the Republic of Armenia from 1996 to 2012 utilizing geographic information system software. A total of 266 human cases of tularemia were recorded in Armenia from 1996 to 2012, with yearly incidence ranging from 0 to 5.5 cases per 100,000 people. Cases predominantly affected the male population (62.8%), 11–20 year age group (37.2%), agricultural workers (49.6%), and persons residing in rural areas (93.6%). In 2003, a waterborne outbreak involving 158 cases occurred in Kotayk Marz, and in 2007, a foodborne outbreak with 17 cases occurred in Gegharkunik Marz, attributed to exposure of food products to contaminated hay. Geospatial analysis of all cases showed that the majority were associated with the steppe vegetation zone, elevations between 1,400 and 2,300 m, and the climate zone associated with dry, warm summers, and cold winters. Characterization of these environmental factors were used to develop a predictive risk model to improve surveillance and outbreak response for tularemia in Armenia.
Chemical processes related to net ozone tendencies in the free troposphere
Authors: Bozem Heiko , Butler Tim M. , Lawrence Mark G. , Harder Hartwig , Martinez Monica , Kubistin Dagmar , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and a hazard to human health and agriculture. Here we describe airborne in situ measurements and model simulations of O3 and its precursors during tropical and extratropical field campaigns over South America and Europe, respectively. Using the measurements, net ozone formation/destruction tendencies are calculated and compared to 3-D chemistry–transport model simulations. In general, observation-based net ozone tendencies are positive in the continental boundary layer and the upper troposphere at altitudes above  ∼  6 km in both environments. On the other hand, in the marine boundary layer and the middle troposphere, from the top of the boundary layer to about 6–8 km altitude, net O3 destruction prevails. The ozone tendencies are controlled by ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In regions with net ozone destruction the available NOx is below the threshold value at which production and destruction of O3 balance. While threshold NO values increase with altitude, in the upper troposphere NOx concentrations are generally higher due to the integral effect of convective precursor transport from the boundary layer, downward transport from the stratosphere and NOx produced by lightning. Two case studies indicate that in fresh convective outflow of electrified thunderstorms net ozone production is enhanced by a factor 5–6 compared to the undisturbed upper tropospheric background. The chemistry–transport model MATCH-MPIC generally reproduces the pattern of observation-based net ozone tendencies but mostly underestimates the magnitude of the net tendency (for both net ozone production and destruction).
Stable isotopic constraints on global soil organic carbon turnover
Authors: Wang Chao , Houlton Benjamin Z. , Liu Dongwei , Hou Jianfeng , Cheng Weixin , Bai Edith
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Carbon dioxide release during soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover is a pivotal component of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global climate change. However, reliably measuring SOC turnover rates at large spatial and temporal scales remains challenging. Here we use a natural carbon isotope approach, defined as beta (β), which was quantified from the δ13C of vegetation and soil reported in the literature (182 separate soil profiles), to examine large-scale controls of climate, soil physical properties and nutrients over patterns of SOC turnover across terrestrial biomes worldwide. We report a significant relationship between β and calculated soil C turnover rates (k), which were estimated by dividing soil heterotrophic respiration by SOC pools. ln(-β) exhibits a significant linear relationship with mean annual temperature, but a more complex polynomial relationship with mean annual precipitation, implying strong-feedbacks of SOC turnover to climate changes. Soil nitrogen (N) and clay content correlate strongly and positively with ln(-β), revealing the additional influence of nutrients and physical soil properties on SOC decomposition rates. Furthermore, a strong (R2 = 0.85; p
The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model (v1.0) – a GIS-based simulation framework for gravitational processes
Authors: Wichmann Volker
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model can be used to simulate the process path and run-out area of gravitational processes based on a digital terrain model (DTM). The conceptual model combines several components (process path, run-out length, sink filling and material deposition) to simulate the movement of a mass point from an initiation site to the deposition area. For each component several modeling approaches are provided, which makes the tool configurable for different processes such as rockfall, debris flows or snow avalanches. The tool can be applied to regional-scale studies such as natural hazard susceptibility mapping but also contains components for scenario-based modeling of single events. Both the modeling approaches and precursor implementations of the tool have proven their applicability in numerous studies, also including geomorphological research questions such as the delineation of sediment cascades or the study of process connectivity. This is the first open-source implementation, completely re-written, extended and improved in many ways. The tool has been committed to the main repository of the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) and thus will be available with every SAGA release.
Examining controls on peak annual streamflow and floods in the
Fraser River Basin of British Columbia
Authors: Curry Charles L. , Zwiers Francis W.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Fraser River basin (FRB) of British Columbia is one of the largest and most important watersheds in Western North America, and is home to a rich diversity of biological species and economic assets that depend implicitly upon its extensive riverine habitats. The hydrology of the FRB is dominated by snow accumulation and melt processes, leading to a prominent annual peak streamflow invariably occurring in June–July. However, while annual peak daily streamflow (APF) during the spring freshet in the FRB is historically well correlated with basin-averaged, April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE), there are numerous occurrences of anomalously large APF in below- or near-normal SWE years, some of which have resulted in damaging floods in the region. An imperfect understanding of which other climatic factors contribute to these anomalously large APFs hinders robust projections of their magnitude and frequency. We employ the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) process-based hydrological model driven by gridded observations to investigate the key controlling factors of anomalous APF events in the FRB and four of its subbasins that contribute more than 70 % of the annual flow at Fraser-Hope. The relative influence of a set of predictors characterizing the interannual variability of rainfall, snowfall, snowpack (characterized by the annual maximum value, SWEmax), soil moisture and temperature on simulated APF at Hope (the main outlet of the FRB) and at the subbasin outlets is examined within a regression framework. The influence of large-scale climate modes of variability (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) on APF magnitude is also assessed, and placed in context with these more localized controls. The results indicate that next to SWEmax (which strongly controls the annual maximum of soil moisture), the snowmelt rate, the ENSO and PDO indices, and rate of warming subsequent to the date of SWEmax are the most influential predictors of APF magnitude in the FRB and its subbasins. The identification of these controls on annual peak flows in the region may be of use in the context of seasonal prediction or future projected streamflow behaviour.
A Novel of Forgetting Magda Szabó: Mózes egy, huszonkettő [Moses, Book I:22], the ultimate Kádárist novel
Authors: Kiss Csilla
Published: September 2017

The article focuses on the novel of acclaimed Hungarian writer, Magda Szabó, Mózes egy, huszonkettő (Moses Book I:22). It argues that the novel, published in 1967, can be regarded as the “ultimate Kádárist novel” in which the young generation rejects its ancestors’ clinging to memory and remembrance and in this they perfectly conform to the foundations of Kádár’s post-1956 regime. The article explains why and how this forgetting should be understood in the era and how it manifested itself in the population. A close reading of the novel illustrates how this desire to forget, or at least the rejection of historical memory reflects in the generational conflict. T the same time, through the analysis of this novel and the mention of a few other books by Szabó, the article also hopes call into question the writer’s frequent utterances of having been among those the regime did not appreciate, even persecuted. Quotations from the author, as well as from the criticism of the novel hope to offer a more nuanced understanding of this writer and offer venues for firther studies about her.
I. Marcos teóricos: otras herramientas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: September 2017

La ciencia ficción en América Latina. Aproximaciones teóricas al imaginario de la experimentación cultural.
Solutions of weakened field equations in Gödel space-time
Authors: Mishra Aditya Mani
Published: September 2017

We have solved Weakened field equations, collected work of Lovelock for cylindrically symmetric Gödel type spacetime. A comparative study of these solutions to solution of Einstein’s field equation have shown. Conformality of Gödel spacetime has discussed with vanishing and non-vanishing scalar curvature of the spacetime.
Corrigendum to the paper entitled "A variation on arithmetic continuity" published in Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matematica Volume 35, Issue 3 (2017), Pages 195-202
Authors: Cakalli Huseyin
Published: September 2017

The first sentence in the abstract should be replaced with the sentence "A sequence $(x_{k})$ is called arithmetically convergent if for each $\varepsilon > 0$ there is an integer $n_{0}$ such that  $|x_{m} - x_{}|<\varepsilon$ for every integers $m, n$ satisfying $ \geq n_{0}$, where the symbol $< m, n >$ denotes the greatest common divisor of the integers $m$ and $n$".
The Influence of Leadership Competencies on Sustainable Funding of Local Non-Governmental Organizations in Uganda
Authors: Kyalimpa Paul , Baptist Asiimwe John , Godfrey Netswera Fulufhelo , Rankhumise Edward Malatse
Published: September 2017

Introduction. When a leader with a vision launches a Local Non-Governmental Organization (LNGO or NGO), the NGO’s motivation and decision-making often become intertwined with the leader’s personality and character to the effect that it may collapse when the NGO leader departs. Uganda has a higher percentage of NGOs inactivity and mortality due to unsustainable funding. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of NGO leadership competencies on sustainable funding of NGOs.Methods. This study utilized a descriptive correlation design. A proportionate stratified sample of 103 NGOs was obtained and their leaders were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires. Records reviews were conducted to obtain data on NGO funding. Results. This study found a 90.1% to 100% agreement by participants on possession of the various leadership competencies by the NGO leaders. A marked rise in incomes from all sources was recorded between 2010 and 2014, with external donors, local donors, and own income accounting for 67%, 13.5%, and 19.5% of the total funds, respectively. The average donor-dependency ratio and survival ratio over the 5 year period was 80.54% and 71.216 days respectively. The NGO leader/CEO understanding and working with whatever resources that are available (β=-9.802, P=.002) and spearheading the implementation of major investment decisions (β=15.720, P=.004) were the only competencies found to be statistically significant predictors of NGO financial sustainability.Recommendations. Government funding of NGOs, prioritization of Income Generating Activities and capacity building of NGO leaders in effective and efficient resource utilization and investment by NGOs, are key to NGO Survival.
Novel ABCA4 mutation leads to loss of a conserved C-terminal motif: implications for predicting pathogenicity based on genetic testing
Authors: Wangtiraumnuay Nutsuchar , Capasso Jenina , Tsukikawa Mai , Levin Alex , Biswas-Fiss Esther
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

Mutations in the ABCA4 gene result in a broad spectrum of severe retinal degeneration, including Stargardt macular dystrophy, fundus flavimaculatus, autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, and cone-rod dystrophy. In addition to the detection of well-characterized mutations, genetic testing frequently yields novel variants of unknown significance. The purpose of this report is to describe an approach to aid in the assessment of genetic variants of unknown significance.

Case report:

We report an 11-year-old girl with Stargardt disease harboring novel compound heterozygous deletions of ABCA4 (c.850_857delATTCAAGA and c.6184_6187delGTCT). The pathogenicity of these variants was otherwise unknown. Both deletions introduce premature stop codons and are localized within the open reading frame of ABCA4. The c.850_857delATTCAAGA occurs early in the gene and leads to a significantly truncated protein of only 317 amino acids. The c.6184_6187delGTCT, is localized to the 3’ terminus of the ORF and results in removal of the last 161 out of 2,273 amino acids of ABCA4, including the VFVNFA motif, which has been shown to be critical in ABCA4 protein function. Homology-based protein modeling of ABCA4 harboring this deletion suggests significant alterations in the protein structure and function.

Conclusions:

Our analyses allowed us to classify novel variants in ABCA4 as being clearly loss-of-function mutations, and thus pathogenic variants. In cases of variants of unknown significance, appraising the protein structure-function consequences of genetic mutations using in silico tools may help to predict the clinical importance of variants of uncertain pathogenicity.
Reproducibility and normal values of static pupil diameters
Authors: Schröder Simon , Chashchina Ekaterina , Janunts Edgar , Cayless Alan , Langenbucher Achim
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To provide additional information on normal values of static pupil diameter measurements for binocular infrared pupillometry with PupilX, a commercial pupillometer, and assess the reproducibility of this device’s measurements.

Methods:

The pupil diameters from 91 study participants with normal eyes with an average age of 39.7 years (SD 16.4 years) were measured with PupilX under scotopic (0 lx), mesopic (1 lx), and photopic (16 lx) illumination. To assess the repeatability of the device, each measurement was repeated 5 times.

Results:

The mean pupil diameters were 6.5 mm (SD 1.3 mm), 5.5 mm (SD 1.2 mm), and 4.03 mm (SD 0.9 mm) under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic illumination. Left and right eyes showed no difference in mean pupil diameters. The mean unsigned anisocoria was 0.26 mm (SD 0.32 mm) under scotopic, 0.26 mm (SD 0.27 mm) under mesopic, and 0.19 mm (SD 0.19 mm) under photopic illumination. The decrease in pupil diameter with age was largest for scotopic (≈0.057 mm/y) and smallest for photopic illumination (≈0.025 mm/y). The repeatability of the pupillometer was better than 0.2 mm.

Conclusions:

This study provides reference values for age- and light-related pupil diameters measured with the PupilX digital pupillometer in normal subjects.
L5 Radiculopathy Secondary to Migration of a Revision Stemmed Acetabular Cup
Authors: Moreta Jesús , Casado-Verdugo Oscar L. , Labayru Fernando
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Stemmed acetabular components are used in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty in cases with major acetabular defects or pelvic discontinuity. Conflicting results relating to the survival of the component, and complication rates are reported in the literature. We present a case of L5 radiculopathy secondary to proximal migration of this device.

Case description

A 79-year-old man was admitted to our department in 2012 with increasing pain and paresthesias, initially diagnosed as left L5 radiculopathy. In 2002, he had undergone revision surgery due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular component with a stemmed acetabular cup. Radiological findings were severe osteolysis around the acetabular cup with proximal migration. MRI showed osteolysis involving the left L5/S1 facet joint and evidence of soft tissue in the left foramina encasing the L5 radicular nerve. Nerve conduction and electromyography studies revealed chronic L5 radiculopathy.

Discussions

This case report illustrates the importance of considering acetabular loosening in a patient presenting with radicular symptoms. If a stemmed acetabular cup is chosen for an acetabular reconstruction, careful surgical technique should be employed in order to achieve durable fixation. If the patient has pelvic discontinuity, other options of reconstruction have showed better outcomes in the literature.
10-year results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing: a non-designer case series
Authors: Hunter Thomas J.A. , Moores Thomas S. , Morley David , Manoharan Gopikanthan , Collier Simon G. , Shaylor Phillip J.
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Recent controversies surrounding metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing has led to a substantial decline in its use. Despite this, there is good evidence to support the use of specific implants in select patients.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective analysis of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) patients with a minimum of 10 years follow-up was performed. Functional scoring was performed with the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and failure was defined as revision for any cause. 111 patients underwent 121 BHR procedures. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 10 years. 70 patients (63%) were male. Mean patient age at surgery was 52.5 years (male 53.9 years, female 48.8 years).

Results:

Overall survival at 10 years was 91% (97% male, 80% female). There was a statistically significant improvement in OHS postoperatively which remains at 10-year follow-up (p = <0.05). There was no significant difference in scores between the male and female groups. Revisions were most often in patients with smaller component sizes but this was not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Our results reflect that of the wider literature in that good outcomes can be obtained with this implant in a select group of patients and results are comparable to that of conventional hip arthroplasty in patients of a similar age.
Current practice of BHS members in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adults
Authors: Colaço Henry B. , Davidson Jerome A. , Davenport Dominic , Norris Mark. C. , Bankes Marcus J.K. , Shah Zameer
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

The management of osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head remains controversial. It is unclear the extent to which non-arthroplasty procedures are used and there has been no previous report of the trends in operative management of ON in the UK. Our objective is to report current trends in management of ON of the femoral head amongst specialist hip surgeons in the UK.

Methods:

A single-stage internet-based survey was e-mailed to 352 eligible members of the British Hip Society (BHS). This consisted of 10 question stems including 16 hypothetical clinical scenarios with imaging.

Results:

115 active Consultant members of the BHS completed the survey. For symptomatic pre-collapse ON we found core decompression (CD) was the most common operative intervention and for post-collapse ON we found that total hip arthroplasty (THA) was the most common operative intervention. We found no difference in the rate of operative intervention between 24 and 48-year-old patients at any stage of ON but joint preserving procedures were more often selected for the younger patient and arthroplasty for the older patient. Surgeons were more likely to offer arthroplasty to a 48-year-old patient at an earlier stage of disease.

Conclusions:

Our respondents would offer different operative interventions dependent on stage of ON and patient age. Core decompression (CD) and arthroplasty were common but variation in treatment options offered suggests a lack of consensus amongst UK hip surgeons. We suggest that further research such as a prospective RCT is needed to gain consensus on management of this condition.
Relationship between clinical results of total hip replacement and postoperative activities including weeding and snow shovelling
Authors: Kijima Hiroaki , Yamada Shin , Konishi Natsuo , Kubota Hitoshi , Tazawa Hiroshi , Tani Takayuki , Suzuki Norio , Kamo Keiji , Okudera Yoshihiko , Sasaki Ken , Kawano Tetsuya , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Shimada Yoichi
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Weeding or snow shovelling is indispensable for life in farm villages of northern countries. Clarifying the relationships between the degrees of these activities after total hip replacement (THR) and the clinical results of THR may enable us to predict the results of THR for high-level activity patients. The relationships between work activities after THR and the results were investigated.

Methods:

The subjects were 95 post-THR patients, who consulted 6 hospitals in August 2012. First, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) and a questionnaire on postoperative activity were administered. Then, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score (JOA score) was evaluated.

Results:

The subjects’ average age was 68 years. The average period after surgery was 4 years and 5 months. Weeding and snow shovelling were performed after THR in 44.2% and 40.0% of cases, respectively. The rate of farming after surgery (25.6%) was greater than that of swimming (21.1%). Both the JOA score and JHEQ were higher in those who played sports after THR than in those who did not (p = 0.003, p = 0.0046). The JOA score of those who performed work activities after THR was higher than that of those who did not (p = 0.0295).

Conclusions:

Nearly half of patients performed weeding or snow shovelling after THR, and about 1/4 of the patients engaged in farming after THR. The clinical results in cases doing sports and work activities after THR were better than those of cases not doing such activities. Therefore, these activities may be positively recommended.