bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using species traits to predict detectability of animals on aerial surveys
Authors: Schlossberg S. , Chase M. J. , Griffin C. R.
Published: September 2017

In animal surveys, detectability can vary widely across species. We hypothesized that detectability of animals should be a function of species traits such as mass, color, and mean herd size. We also hypothesized that models of detectability based on species traits can be used to predict detectability for new species not in the original data set, leading to substantial benefits for ecology and conservation. We tested these hypotheses with double‐observer aerial surveys of 10 mammal species in northern Botswana. We combined all 10 species and modeled their detectability with species traits (mass, mean herd size, color) as predictors while controlling for observer effects, vegetation, and herd size. We found support for effects of mass and an interaction between herd size and mean herd size on detectability. This model accurately predicted the ratio of herds detected by two observers vs. one observer for 8 of 10 species. To test whether a model based on species traits could be applied to a new species, we serially deleted each species from the data set, fit a trait‐based model to the remaining nine species, and used this model to predict detectability for the deleted species. The model was able to reproduce the species‐trait model for seven species and accurately predicted the ratio of detections by one or two observers for a different set of seven species; the model was successful by both measures for five species. To our knowledge, this represents the first time that a mechanistic model for detectability of animals has been used to predict detectability for new species. Prediction failed for species with extreme values of traits, suggesting that predicting detectability is not possible near or beyond the boundaries of one's data set. The approach taken in this paper can potentially be used with a variety of taxa and may provide new opportunities to apply detectability corrections where they have not been possible before.
NK cells produce high levels of IL‐10 early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and suppress development of acute GVHD
Authors: Chan Yuen Ling Tracey , Zuo Jianmin , Inman Charlotte , Croft Wayne , Begum Jusnara , Croudace Joanne , Kinsella Francesca , Maggs Luke , Nagra Sandeep , Nunnick Jane , Abbotts Ben , Craddock Charles , Malladi Ram , Moss Paul
Published: September 2017

Natural killer (NK) cells rapidly reconstitute following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT), at the time when alloreactive T cell immunity is being established. We investigated very early NK cell reconstitution in 82 patients following T cell‐depleted allo‐SCT. NK cell number rapidly increased, exceeding T cell reconstitution such that the NK:T cell ratio was over 40 by day 14. NK cells at day 14 (NK‐14) were donor‐derived, intensely proliferating and expressed chemokine receptors targeted to lymphoid and peripheral tissue. Spontaneous production of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL‐10 was observed in over 70% of cells and transcription of cytokines and growth factors was augmented. NK‐14 cell number was inversely correlated with the incidence of grade II‐IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). These findings reveal that robust reconstitution of immunoregulatory NK cells by day 14 after allo‐SCT is an important determinant of the clinical outcome, suggesting that NK cells may suppress the development of the T cell‐mediated alloreactive immune response through production of IL‐10.
Synthesis of Gold(I) Complexes Bearing Verkade's Superbases
Authors: Chatelet Bastien , Nava Paola , Clavier Herve , Martinez Alexandre
Published: September 2017

Proazaphosphatranes, also known as Verkade's superbases, have been investigated as ligands for gold(I). If the coordination to the gold center by the phosphorus atom suggests phosphine‐like behavior, gold(I)‐containing Verkade's superbase complexes could also be prepared from the weak conjugate acid azaphosphatrane by the formation of the corresponding silver complex and subsequent transmetalation to gold, similarly to the synthetic route used for complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHCs). A competitive transmetalation experiment highlighted the higher lability of Verkade's superbases compared with NHCs. Furthermore, combined theoretical and experimental studies showed that they display strong σ‐donor ability, better than phosphines and similar to NHCs. Thus, some specific properties of both NHCs and phosphines are combined in Verkade's superbases, thereby providing a new approach to tuning the ligand properties of gold(I) complexes.
H‐Mediated Magnetic Interactions between Layers in a 2D MnII–Dicyanamide Polymer: Neutron Diffraction, DFT, and Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations
Authors: Gillon Béatrice , Hammerschmied Albert , Gukasov Arsen , Cousson Alain , Cauchy Thomas , Ruiz Eliseo , Schlueter John A. , Manson Jamie L.
Published: September 2017

We report neutron‐diffraction investigations of the quasi‐2D MnII(dca)2(pym)(H2O) (pym = N2C4H4) compound, where high‐spin MnII ions are bridged by dicyanamide anions, [N(CN)2]– (herein abbreviated dca). Inside the layers, Mn2+ ions are connected by single or double dca bridges. The magnetic phase diagram was established by neutron diffraction on a single crystal. In the low‐field phase, the MnII ions are antiferromagnetically ordered in the layers, with moments nearly parallel to the c axis, and the layers are antiferromagnetically coupled. The spin‐flop phase corresponds to ferromagnetic coupling between the antiferromagnetic layers, in which the MnII moments are nearly perpendicular to the c axis. The induced spin‐density distribution in the paramagnetic phase, determined by polarized neutron diffraction, visualizes the superexchange pathways through the dca ligands within the layers and through H bonding between neighboring layers. The theoretical spin density obtained by bidimensional periodic DFT calculations is compared with the experimental results. Furthermore, quantum Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to compare the DFT results with experimental susceptibility measurements.
Triazole‐Linked Iminosugars and Aromatic Systems as Simplified UDP‐Galf Mimics: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation as Galf‐Transferase Inhibitors
Authors: Cocaud Chloé , Maujoin Audrey , Zheng Ruixiang B. , Lowary Todd L. , Rodrigues Nuno , Percina Nathalie , Chartier Agnes , Buron Frédéric , Routier Sylvain , Nicolas Cyril , Martin Olivier R.
Published: September 2017

The convenient preparation of 1,4‐dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐l‐arabinitol derivatives bearing a propargyl group through the addition of a trimethylsilylpropargyl Grignard reagent to an N‐sulfinylglycosylamine is reported. One of these compounds was coupled by a triazole tether to various aromatic and heteroaromatic groups to give structures that can be considered to be simplified mimics of UDP‐Galf, the substrate of GlfT2, a galactofuranosyltransferase present in mycobacteria. The new compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of this enzyme and were found to have significant activity (IC50 values in the high µm to low mm range), despite the absence of the diphospho linkage present in the parent sugar nucleotide.
Iron(III)‐mediated Electrochemical Detection of Levofloxacin in Complex Biological Samples
Authors: Lotfi Zadeh Zhad Hamid R. , Lai Rebecca Y.
Published: September 2017

We report the design of an electrochemical sensor capable of detecting levofloxacin (LEVX) in complex biological samples. This detection strategy is simple, fast, and does not require sample pretreatment or electrode modification. Unlike previously developed electrochemical LEVX sensors that require direct oxidation of LEVX, the sensing mechanism is based on the complexation reactions between LEVX and iron(III), resulting in a concentration‐dependent decrease in the iron(III) reduction peak current and a shift in the peak potential. These changes are presumably attributed to the decrease in the concentration of uncomplexed Fe(III) in the solution. The concentration‐dependent change in both the current and potential can be used for quantification of LEVX in various samples, including 50 % synthetic urine and 25 % synthetic human saliva. The limit of detection was estimated to be in the range of 1.5 to 2.3 μM, concentrations that are much lower than the concentration of LEVX found in urine and saliva samples of patients administered this drug for conditions such as urinary tract infection. With further optimization, this sensing strategy could find applications in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
Global quantification of phosphoproteins combining metabolic labeling and gel‐based proteomics in B. pumilus
Authors: Hentschker Christian , Dewald Carolin , Otto Andreas , Büttner Knut , Hecker Michael , Becher Dörte
Published: September 2017

Differential proteomics targeting the protein abundance is commonly used to follow changes in biological systems. Differences in localization and degree of post‐translational modifications of proteins including phosphorylations are of tremendous interest due to the anticipated role in molecular regulatory processes. Because of their particular low abundance in prokaryotes, identification and quantification of protein phosphorylation is traditionally performed by either comparison of spot intensities on two‐dimensional gels after differential phosphoprotein staining or gel‐free by stable isotope labeling, sequential phosphopeptide enrichment and following LC‐MS analysis. In the current work, we combined in a proof‐of‐principle experiment these techniques using 14N/15N metabolic labeling with succeeding protein separation on 2D gels. The visualization of phosphorylations on protein level by differential staining was followed by protein identification and determination of phosphorylation sites and quantification by LC‐MS/MS. This approach should avoid disadvantages of traditional workflows, in particular the limited capability of peptide‐based gel‐free methods to quantify isoforms of proteins. Comparing control and stress conditions allowed for relative quantification in protein phosphorylation in Bacillus pumilus exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Altogether, we quantified with this method 19 putatively phosphorylated proteins.
In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification
Authors: Fernández‐Menéndez Sonia , Fernández‐Sánchez María L. , Alves Peixoto Rafaella Regina , Fernández‐Colomer Belén , Sanz‐Medel Alfredo
Published: September 2017

Iron fortification in infant formulas is a common practice for providing iron to newborns in order to avoid its deficiency (anemia). Depending on the physicochemical species used, its bioavailability might be insufficient to meet iron requirements. In this vein, the influence of Lactoferrin (Lf) presence on iron bioavailability in 2‐week‐old wistar rats fed with formula milk fortified with 57Fe(III)2‐Lf or 57Fe(II)SO4 (in presence of Lf) using quantitative speciation (by HPLC‐ICP‐MS) and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution (IPD) is studied here. Results obtained were compared among fortifiers and also with the maternal group. In RBCs, iron was mainly bound to hemoglobin in all the assayed groups in the same extent. Regarding serum samples, several iron‐proteins were observed (such as transferrin and albumin). In both samples, iron content in the fractions studied was similar in all groups compared and exogenous 57Fe incorporation of intaked iron was always above 50%, showing no significative differences between physicochemical forms but related to the dose administered. Regarding iron stores (liver) the group fed with formula milk fortified with the higher dose of 57FeSO4 in presence of Lf presented the highest values of total iron even superior than those found in the maternal group, and also the highest exogenous (57Fe) incorporation. In conclusion, it was proved that iron fortification is required to ensure proper iron levels in all body compartments. No significative differences were observed between different physicochemical species when iron is administered at low doses. However, higher iron doses lead to a greater incorporation in all the iron‐proteins studied.
Spatiotemporal multivariate mixture models for Bayesian model selection in disease mapping
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. , Carroll Rachel , Faes Christel , Kirby Russell S. , Aregay Mehreteab , Watjou Kevin
Published: September 2017

It is often the case that researchers wish to simultaneously explore the behavior of, and estimate the overall risk for, multiple related diseases with varying rarity while accounting for potential spatial and/or temporal correlation. In this paper, we propose a flexible class of multivariate spatiotemporal mixture models to fill this role. Further, these models offer flexibility with the potential for model selection as well as the ability to accommodate lifestyle, socioeconomic, and physical environmental variables with spatial, temporal, or both structures. Here, we explore the capability of this approach via a large‐scale simulation study and examine a motivating data example involving three cancers in South Carolina. The results, which are focused on four model variants, suggest that all models possess the ability to recover the simulation ground truth and display an improved model fit over two baseline Knorr‐Held spatiotemporal interaction model variants in a real data application.
Recurrent carbon footprint assessment and forecasting for conventional housing in tropical regions: A Malaysian case study
Authors: Shafiq Nasir , Gardezi Syed Shujaa Safdar , Nuruddin Muhd. Fadhil , Abdullah Zawawi Noor Amila Wan
Published: September 2017

Almost all life cycle assessment methods of carbon footprint for conventional housing in tropical region have either ignored the impacts of recurrent carbon or considered based on random assumptions. To ensure the green and sustainable urban built environment, particularly in tropical regions, an accurate monitoring and control of carbon footprint requires a comprehensive assessment of all phases of project life cycle, including maintenance. This article presents an innovative and dynamic approach of forecasting of carbon footprint including the recurrent carbon by combining a statistical (simple and multiple regression) and simulation (3D parametric prototyping) technique in a partial LCA (cradle to site) study for a tropical built environment. The developed multivariable regression model satisfied the statistical criteria of an efficient and consistent tool as the average percentage error of the predicted and observed values was found within the acceptable range. The average contribution of CO2 ranged from 2.0 tons to 40 tons for 25 to 100 year of service life span. Ceramic tiles, false ceiling, plaster and roof tiles remained the top materials. The model validation observed an acceptable average error range from (−) 3.24% to (+) 8%. The study analyzed the factual recurrent carbon footprint impacts and justified the importance of its inclusion in preemptive mitigation toward sustainability concerns at very early stage of the housing project. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 839–849, 2018
Enhancement of bioelectricity generation from treatment of distillery wastewater using microbial fuel cell
Authors: Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Thota Karunakaran Radhakrishnan , Manickam Matheswaran
Published: September 2017

Distillery wastewater is an important potential sources for electricity generation using Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) because of it has high content of organic waste and can be easily degraded. This study investigated the effect of feed pH and buffering conditions on electricity production and treatment efficiency using distillery wastewater as a substrate in MFC. The anodic chamber was operated with diluted distillery wastewater (4000 ± 20 mg COD/L) at various pH between 5.4 and 10 while the cathode chamber was maintained at pH 7.5. The MFC peak power density of 168 mW/m2 (580 mA/m2) with COD, color and TDS removal efficiency of 68.2, 26.4, and 15.4%, respectively was achieved at pH 8. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that an exoelectrogenic activity of microorganism was significantly influenced with respect to pH. The effect of buffering salts in the anolyte on MFC performance was also investigated. When the system operating with borate buffer, highest power density of 194.7 mW/m2 (624 mA/m2) at 100 Ω was achieved. The result indicated that alkaline condition (pH 8) and borate buffer was favored for obtaining maximum power generation and treatment efficiency from distillery wastewater in the MFC. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 663–668, 2018
A rapid azo dye decolorization of methyl orange by the foam zero‐valent nickel
Authors: Deng Feng‐Xia , Yang Ji‐Xian , Zhu Ying‐Shi , Ma Fang , Qiu Shan
Published: September 2017

In this article, foam zero‐valent nickel (FZVN) was put forward as a promising zero‐valent metal for the pretreatment of azo dye wastewater (MO as a model contaminant). The characteristics of FZVN were evaluated by methods of Barrett‐Emmett‐Teller, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, influence of key experimental parameters, including oxygen concentration, presence of different acid, pH, and temperature on the MO decolorization were systematically ascertained. Furthermore, possible mechanism of MO removal by FZVN was investigated by using Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Results showed that FZVN was a three‐dimensional pore material with a specific surface area of 3 m2 g−1. Moreover, anoxic condition, presence of acetic acid, higher temperatures and acid conditions were beneficial to decolorize MO by FZVN while the decolorization process obeyed the first order kinetic model with an apparent rate constant (kapp) of 0.162 min−1 at pH value of 4 (25°C). The activation energy Ea obtained from the decolorization reaction was 83.1 kJ mol−1. Based on LC‐MS results, the role of FZVN in the decolorization reaction process was suggested as follows: strong reductive, catalysis, and adsorption. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 686–694, 2018
Kinetics and isotherm studies on acid dye adsorption using thermal and chemical activated Jatropha husk carbons
Authors: Karthick Kumaravel , Namasivayam Chinnaya , Pragasan Lingassamy Arul
Published: September 2017

Activated carbon was prepared from Jatropha husk, as a biodiesel byproduct waste, by physical (JHC) and chemical (ZnCl2) activation (ZAJHC), as an adsorbent for the removal of acid dye Acid blue 83 (AB83). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effects of various physicochemical parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and initial solution pH. The AB83 loaded and unloaded adsorbent materials were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Lagergren first‐order, Pseudo second‐order, Intraparticle diffusion and Bangham's models were used to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of the adsorption. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and D–R isotherm models were tested to represent the equilibrium data and the constants of the isotherms were determined by using the experimental data. Normalized deviation (Δq) is used to quantify the correlation of experimental results with the models. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qo) obtained was 7.59 and 27.93 mg g−1 at a temperature of 35°C for JHC and ZAJHC, respectively. The favorable pH for maximum AB83 adsorption was pH 2.0 for both JHC and ZAJHC. The desorption studies discovered that the regeneration and reusability of the adsorbent can be easily achieved. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 719–732, 2018
Use of laponite as adsorbents for Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Cao Xiaoqiang , Yan Bingqi , Huang Yongqing , Zhang Yan , Li Lin , Qiu Jun , Lyu Xianjun
Published: September 2017

Silicate‐bearing hectorites (laponite) were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the laponite sample was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area, and pore size analyses. The adsorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solution on laponite as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, laponite dosage, and temperature was studied via batch technique. The maximum removal of 99% (approx) could be achieved at the optimum adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g L−1 and near‐neutral pH. Adsorption of Ni(II) on laponite is strongly dependent on pH but independent on ionic strength. At low pH, the adsorption of Ni(II) was dominated by ion exchange with Li+ on laponite surfaces, whereas inner‐sphere surface complexation and surface precipitation were the main adsorption mechanisms at near‐neutral pH and alkaline environment, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of Ni(II) on laponite were well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. The intraparticle diffusion was involved in the adsorption process but was not the only rate‐controlling step. The adsorption isotherms of Ni(II) on laponite can be described well by the Langmuir model and the maximum Ni(II) adsorption capacity of laponite obtained from Langmuir model was 65.79 mg g−1. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Ni(II) on laponite was endothermic and spontaneous. The laponite exhibited excellent adsorption properties for Ni(II) uptake compared with various adsorbents, indicating that it is a suitable material as an adsorbent for preconcentration and immobilization of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 942–950, 2018
Adsorptive removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions using magnetite nanoparticles and silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Jamali‐Behnam Farideh , Najafpoor Ali Asghar , Davoudi Mojtaba , Rohani‐Bastami Tahereh , Alidadi Hossein , Esmaily Habibollah , Dolatabadi Maryam
Published: September 2017

Magnetite nanosorbents are known with high sorption capacity and ease of solid phase separation from surrounding liquid by the imposed external magnetic field. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (Si‐MNPs) were prepared and used for the removal of arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions. The nanosorbents were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles in diameter of about 100 nm and SiO2 shells of 12 nm were formed. The saturation magnetization was found to be 78 and 58 e mug–1 for MNPs and Si‐MNPs, respectively. Under optimal conditions, both nanosorbents were very efficient for arsenite uptake (removal efficiency ≥99%). The highest removal percentage was obtained near PZC of nanosorbents where the net surface charge was zero. The MNPs exhibited higher sorption capacities in comparison with Si‐MNPs although they tended to be agglomerated in higher applied doses. The kinetic of experiments indicated the best fit to the pseudo‐second order model. Furthermore, the experimental data were best described by the Langmuir model. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of bare and silica coated magnetic nanoparticles to remove trace concentrations of arsenic (III) in water environment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 951–960, 2018
Interactive effects of phenol, naphthalene and acetic acid during the supercritical water gasification process
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Gao Fen , Yang Jianqiao , Zhao Gaoyang , Fang Changqing , Guo Yanfeng , Guo Yang , Wang Shuzhong
Published: September 2017

Phenol, acetic acid, and naphthalene, as the most common and refractory intermediates during the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass were selected as the model compounds, and the their mutual interactive effects during the SCWG process were investigated. The gasification performances of one‐component solutions and their two‐ and three‐components mixtures were thoroughly studied in a tubular reactor at 550°C, 25 MPa, reaction time of 20 s. Results showed that for the one‐component solutions, the difficulty degree of degradation order of the three compounds was naphthalene > phenol > acetic acid, and concentration of the reactants showed little influence on the gasification efficiencies. For the two‐components solutions, acetic acid promoted the degradation of phenol and naphthalene, and the gasification of phenol and naphthalene inhibited each other. The 3D curved surface for gas yields and total organic concentration (TOC) removal efficiencies of three‐components mixture clearly showed that the increasing concentration of acetic acid increased the H2 and CO2 yields. While the interactive effects of the three compounds were favorable for CH4 yield. Acetic acid played a positive effect on TOC removal, while the increasing concentration of naphthalene was unfavorable for the degradation of TOC, and the inhibition effect was higher when phenol existed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1140–1148, 2018
Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by the novel biosorbent Pectobacterium sp. ND2
Authors: Liu Tong , Hou Jin‐Hui , Wang Jian‐Bo , Wang Wang , Wang Xiu‐Yun , Wu Jun‐Ling
Published: September 2017

In this study, the biosorption of heavy metal ions such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II), was investigated using a new bacterial species isolated from the soil of the industrial zone of Xuzhou city. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the bacteria were Pectobacterium sp., denoted as ND2. In order to optimize the conditions for the biosorption of heavy metal ions, the effects of various physico‐chemical parameters were assessed, including pH value, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, biosorbent dose, and temperature. Under the optimal condition, the maximum ion biosorption capacity (mg/g) of Pectobacterium sp. ND2 was ranked in the order of Cd(II)(44.9 mg/g) > Cu(II)(38.6 mg/g) > Zn(II)(34.2 mg/g) > Pb(II)(31.2 mg/g). Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain this adsorption phenomenon. The FTIR analysis of surface chemical functional groups of Pectobacterium sp. ND2, revealed the involvement of carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups in the adsorption process. In addition, adsorption–desorption studies indicated that 0.1M nitric acid is an efficient desorbent for Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions, with maximum recovery rates of more than 90%. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 968–974, 2018
Sensitivity for Cues Predicting Reward and Punishment in Young Women with Eating Disorders
Authors: Matton Annelies , de Jong Peter , Goossens Lien , Jonker Nienke , Van Malderen Eva , Vervaet Myriam , De Schryver Nele , Braet Caroline
Published: September 2017

Increasing evidence shows that sensitivity to reward (SR) and punishment (SP) may be involved in eating disorders (EDs). Most studies used self‐reported positive/negative effect in rewarding/punishing situations, whereas the implied proneness to detect signals of reward/punishment is largely ignored. This pilot study used a spatial orientation task to examine transdiagnostic and interdiagnostic differences in SR/SP. Participants (14–29 years) were patients with anorexia nervosa of restricting type (AN‐R, n = 20), binge/purge ED group [AN of binge/purge type and bulimia nervosa (n = 16)] and non‐symptomatic individuals (n = 23). Results revealed stronger difficulties to redirect attention away from signals of rewards in AN‐R compared with binge/purge EDs, and binge/purge EDs showed stronger difficulties to direct attention away from signals of punishment compared with AN‐R. Findings demonstrate interdiagnostic differences and show that the spatial orientation task is sensitive for individual differences in SP/SR within the context of EDs, thereby sustaining its usefulness as behavioural measure of reinforcement sensitivity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Psychophysiological Changes during Pure vs Guided Mirror Exposure Therapies in Women with High Body Dissatisfaction: What Are They Learning about Their Bodies?
Authors: Díaz‐Ferrer Sandra , Rodríguez‐Ruiz Sonia , Ortega‐Roldán Blanca , Mata‐Martín José Luis , Carmen Fernández‐Santaella M.
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to examine the psychophysiological changes resulting from two mirror exposure treatments that are effective at reducing body dissatisfaction. Thirty‐five university women with body dissatisfaction and subclinical eating disorders were randomly assigned to one of two groups: pure (n = 17) or guided exposure (n = 18). The participants received six sessions of treatment. Their thoughts, feelings and avoidance behaviours were assessed after each session. Their subjective discomfort, heart rate and skin conductance were assessed within the sessions. Both groups showed improvement in cognitive‐affective and avoidance behaviour symptoms. Nevertheless, the pure exposure group showed faster habituation of subjective discomfort and a greater physiological response than the guided exposure group. These findings suggest that both procedures are effective interventions for improving body image disturbances, although psychophysiological changes observed within session suggest that each technique would act through different processes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Divide‐and‐allocate: An uplink successive bandwidth division NOMA system
Authors: Qureshi Soma , Hassan Syed Ali , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K.
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates a new spectrum‐sharing strategy using non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), a technique that is expected to lead toward the fifth generation of wireless networks. The proposed scheme, namely, successive bandwidth division (SBD), NOMA, is a hybrid approach exploiting the characteristics of both the conventional NOMA system and the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system. Power allocation is being performed in successive bandwidth division NOMA to maximize the sum rate using a divide‐and‐allocate approach such that all users are allocated with optimal transmission power. Under Rayleigh fading, the probability density function (PDF) of the received signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) is derived, and closed‐form expressions for the outage probability are presented when channel state information (CSI) is available at the base station. The performance evaluation is carried out in terms of receiver complexity, average sum rate, and outage probability. Simulations results are provided to access and compare the performance of the proposed scheme with other contemporary approaches.
Effects of maltodextrins with different dextrose‐equivalent values
Authors: Lee Sang Mi , Cho Ar Reum , Yoo Sang‐Ho , Kim Young‐Suk
Published: September 2017

The release of aldehydes from aqueous model systems containing starch or maltodextrins with different dextrose‐equivalent (DE) values was evaluated using static headspace analysis. The patterns of aldehydes released differed significantly between starch and maltodextrin solutions with DE values of 4.0–7.0, 13.0–17.0, and 16.5–19.5. The release of most of aldehydes showed an increasing tendency according to DE values of maltodextrins. The release of most aldehydes decreased up to around 24 h, but then increased slightly at 48 h. In addition, the absorbance values of iodine‐polysaccharide complexes and the particle sizes of the polysaccharides were measured to investigate the effects of hydrophobic regions and the intermolecular aggregation of polysaccharides on the releases of aldehydes. The absorbance values of iodine‐polysaccharide complexes, which could be related to the internal hydrophobic regions, decreased in the maltodextrin and starch solutions as the equilibrium time increased up to 24 h, but then increased at 48 h. Also, the particle size increased gradually to 48 h, suggesting that the intermolecular aggregation of polysaccharides affects the release of aldehydes.
Mineralogy and chemical aspects of some ophiolitic metaultramafics, central Eastern Desert, Egypt: Evidences from chromites, sulphides and gangues
Authors: Abdel‐Karim Abdel‐Aal M. , El‐Shafei Shaimaa A.
Published: September 2017

Chromites and sulphides are the most common ore minerals in the ophiolitic metasomatized ultramafics (~790 Ma) of Um Halham, Fawakhir and Barramiya, central Eastern Desert, Egypt. These ultramafics exhibit variable degrees of alteration and metasomatism and include massive serpentinites (serpentinized peridotite and serpentinite), tremolite‐talc rocks, talc‐carbonate rocks, listwaenite‐like rocks and typical listwaenite.

The alteration of chromite to Cr‐magnetite was accompanied by the formation of chloritic aureoles due to the release of Al and Mg from chromite. Textural and compositional features of the chromites suggest a greenschist up to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism (at 500–600 °C), which is facial with the host ultramafics. The chromites exhibit a boninitic affinity and a forearc suprasubduction setting of the present ophiolite assemblages. The variability of chromite chemistry indicates a melt‐rock reaction, together with the water‐bearing melt which is necessary for crystallizing chromite. Pentlandite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, gersdorffite and pyrite are the most common sulphide minerals. Gold occurs either as an invisible phase associated with gersdorffite, arsenopyrite, and As‐rich pyrite or as native nuggets in listwaenites of Barramiya area. Gangue metasomatized phases associated with these ore minerals are identified as sericite, carbonate and chlorite. The investigated sericite ranges in composition from mariposite (>0.5% Cr) to fuchsite (>1% Cr), which indicates typical listwaenites. Five varieties of carbonate minerals are identified; magnesite, breunnerite, dolomite, calcite and ankerite.

The CO2‐rich fluids are released during progressive decarbonation reactions in carbonate‐bearing metasediments, whereas Ni and As‐rich fluids are attributed to nearby granitic intrusions affected on serpentinites and leached Ni and precious metals like gold forming As‐Ni‐rich fluids. These metasomatic fluids are thought to reflect a range of melts derived from a compositionally evolving source during subduction initiation in a forearc environment.
Dorsal striatum mediates deliberate decision making, not late‐stage, stimulus–response learning
Authors: Hiebert Nole M. , Owen Adrian M. , Seergobin Ken N. , MacDonald Penny A.
Published: September 2017

We investigated a controversy regarding the role of the dorsal striatum (DS) in deliberate decision‐making versus late‐stage, stimulus–response learning to the point of automatization. Participants learned to associate abstract images with right or left button presses explicitly before strengthening these associations through stimulus–response trials with (i.e., Session 1) and without (i.e., Session 2) feedback. In Session 1, trials were divided into response‐selection and feedback events to separately assess decision versus learning processes. Session 3 evaluated stimulus–response automaticity using a location Stroop task. DS activity correlated with response‐selection and not feedback events in Phase 1 (i.e., Blocks 1–3), Session 1. Longer response times (RTs), lower accuracy, and greater intertrial variability characterized Phase 1, suggesting deliberation. DS activity extinguished in Phase 2 (i.e., Blocks 4–12), Session 1, once RTs, response variability, and accuracy stabilized, though stimulus–response automatization continued. This was signaled by persisting improvements in RT and accuracy into Session 2. Distraction between Sessions 1 and 2 briefly reintroduced response uncertainty, and correspondingly, significant DS activity reappeared in Block 1 of Session 2 only. Once stimulus–response associations were again refamiliarized and deliberation unnecessary, DS activation disappeared for Blocks 2–8, Session 2. Interference from previously learned right or left button responses with incongruent location judgments in a location Stroop task provided evidence that automaticity of stimulus–specific button‐press responses had developed by the end of Session 2. These results suggest that DS mediates decision making and not late‐stage learning, reconciling two, independently evolving and well‐supported literatures that implicate DS in different cognitive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6133–6156, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of pAKT(Ser473) expression in progression of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Horn Dominik , Freudlsperger Christian , Holzinger Dana , Kunzmann Kevin , Plinkert Peter , Dyckhoff Gerhard , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freier Kolja , Hess Jochen
Published: September 2017

Background

PIK3CA alterations have been shown to be a frequent event in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC), especially in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related tumors.

Methods

Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were used to evaluate pAKT(Ser473)/(Thr308), total protein kinase B (AKT)(pan) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in primary tumors and corresponding nodal disease in oropharyngeal SCC. The HPV status was determined in regard of HPV16 DNA and RNA. Survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan‐Meier curves, log‐rank testing, and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

HPV16 is a prognostic predictive marker for advanced oropharyngeal SCC. pAKT(Ser473) and PTEN are highly expressed in HPV‐related oropharyngeal SCCs in contrast to pAKT(Thr308). The pAKT(Ser473) expression increased from primary tumors to progressive nodal disease (21.1%; P < .011).

Conclusion

Activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/pAKT(Ser473) frequently occurs in advanced HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC and elevated pAKT(Ser473) levels represent a feature during progression of oropharyngeal SCC, indicating a critical role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex. Further studies are required to evaluate specific drugs targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR in consideration of PIK3CA alterations.
Prognostic biomarkers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐positive disease with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hongzheng , Kim Sungjin , Chen Zhengjia , Nannapaneni Sreenivas , Chen Amy Y. , Moore Charles E. , Sica Gabriel , Mosunjac Marina , Nguyen Minh Ly T. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Carey Thomas E. , Peterson Lisa A. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Graham Martin , Komarck Christine M. , Wolf Gregory T. , Walline Heather M. , Bellile Emily , Riddell James , Pai Sara I. , Sidransky David , Westra William H. , William William N. , Lee J. Jack , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Ferris Robert L. , Seethala Raja , Grandis Jennifer R. , Chen Zhuo Georgia , Saba Nabil F. , Shin Dong M. ,   on behalf of the Head and Neck Cancer SPORE HIV supplement consortium
Published: September 2017

Background

We examined the prognostic value of a panel of biomarkers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV‐positive head and neck cancer) and HIV negative (HIV‐negative head and neck cancer).

Methods

Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using tumors from 41 disease site‐matched and age‐matched HIV‐positive head and neck cancer cases and 44 HIV‐negative head and neck cancer controls. Expression of tumor biomarkers was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlations examined with clinical variables.

Results

Expression levels of the studied oncogenic and inflammatory tumor biomarkers were not differentially regulated by HIV status. Among patients with HIV‐positive head and neck cancer, laryngeal disease site (P = .003) and Clavien‐Dindo classification IV (CD4) counts <200 cells/μL (P = .01) were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that p16 positivity was associated with improved overall survival (OS; P < .001) whereas increased expression of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) was associated with poor clinical outcome (P = .001).

Conclusion

Disease site has significant effect on the expression of biomarkers. Expression of tumor TGF‐β could be a valuable addition to the conventional risk stratification equation for improving head and neck cancer disease management strategies.
Lake flooding sensitivity to the relative timing of peak flows between upstream and downstream waterways: A case study of Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Li Xianghu , Zhang Qi , Hu Qi , Zhang Dan , Ye Xuchun
Published: September 2017

The relative timing of peak flows (RTPF) from tributaries has significant influence on flood occurrence at their confluence. This study is aimed at (1) analysing the characteristics of the RTPF of the 5 recharging rivers in the Poyang Lake catchment and the Yangtze River during the period of 1960–2012, and (2) employing a physically‐based hydrodynamic model (MIKE 21) to quantify the effects of RTPF on flood behaviour in the Poyang Lake (the largest freshwater lake in China). The results show that short RTPF, or close occurrence of peak flows, triggers flood in the Poyang Lake more easily. More than 75% of total flood events in the study period occurred with RTPF less than 60 days, and more than 55% of the events occurred with RTPF less than 30 days. The hydrodynamic simulation revealed that the date of flood peak in the lake was postponed by 4–7 days and the flood stage raised by 0.69 m because of the delay of peak flows from the upstream rivers/tributaries. On the other hand, earlier start of the Yangtze River peak flow led to flood peak in the lake 6–13 days earlier. Additionally, the duration of high lake water levels was extended by 9–12 days when the RTPF shortened, and the flood hydrograph of the Poyang Lake changed from a flat to a flashy type. These results indicate that an enlarged RTPF between the upstream rivers and the Yangtze River could be an effective way to prevent flood disasters in the Poyang Lake, a method apparently being adopted in the operation of the Three Gorges Dam. The RTPF should be considered and integrated when developing flood prevention and management plans in the Poyang Lake, as well as in other similar regions in the world.
Expression of miRNA‐26b‐5p and its target TRPS1 is associated with radiation exposure in post‐Chernobyl breast cancer
Authors: Wilke Christina M. , Hess Julia , Klymenko Sergiy V. , Chumak Vadim V. , Zakhartseva Liubov M. , Bakhanova Elena V. , Feuchtinger Annette , Walch Axel K. , Selmansberger Martin , Braselmann Herbert , Schneider Ludmila , Pitea Adriana , Steinhilber Julia , Fend Falko , Bösmüller Hans C. , Zitzelsberger Horst , Unger Kristian
Published: September 2017

Ionizing radiation is a well‐recognized risk factor for the development of breast cancer. However, it is unknown whether radiation‐specific molecular oncogenic mechanisms exist. We investigated post‐Chernobyl breast cancers from radiation‐exposed female clean‐up workers and nonexposed controls for molecular changes. Radiation‐associated alterations identified in the discovery cohort (n = 38) were subsequently validated in a second cohort (n = 39). Increased expression of hsa‐miR‐26b‐5p was associated with radiation exposure in both of the cohorts. Moreover, downregulation of the TRPS1 protein, which is a transcriptional target of hsa‐miR‐26b‐5p, was associated with radiation exposure. As TRPS1 overexpression is common in sporadic breast cancer, its observed downregulation in radiation‐associated breast cancer warrants clarification of the specific functional role of TRPS1 in the radiation context. For this purpose, the impact of TRPS1 on the transcriptome was characterized in two radiation‐transformed breast cell culture models after siRNA‐knockdown. Deregulated genes upon TRPS1 knockdown were associated with DNA‐repair, cell cycle, mitosis, cell migration, angiogenesis and EMT pathways. Furthermore, we identified the interaction partners of TRPS1 from the transcriptomic correlation networks derived from gene expression data on radiation‐transformed breast cell culture models and sporadic breast cancer tissues provided by the TCGA database. The genes correlating with TRPS1 in the radiation‐transformed breast cell lines were primarily linked to DNA damage response and chromosome segregation, while the transcriptional interaction partners in the sporadic breast cancers were mostly associated with apoptosis. Thus, upregulation of hsa‐miR‐26b‐5p and downregulation of TRPS1 in radiation‐associated breast cancer tissue samples suggests these molecules representing radiation markers in breast cancer.
Insights into Activation of Cobalt Pre‐Catalysts for C(sp2)−H Functionalization
Authors: Obligacion Jennifer V. , Zhong Hongyu , Chirik Paul J.
Published: September 2017

The activation of readily prepared, air‐stable cobalt(II) bis(carboxylate) pre‐catalysts for the functionalization of C(sp2)−H bonds has been systematically studied. With the pyridine bis(phosphine) chelate, iPrPNP, treatment of 1‐(O2CtBu)2 with either B2Pin2 or HBPin generated cobalt boryl products. With the former, reduction to (iPrPNP)CoIBPin was observed while with the latter, oxidation to the cobalt(III) dihydride boryl, trans‐(iPrPNP)Co(H)2BPin occurred. The catalytically inactive cobalt complex, Co[PinB(O2CtBu)2]2, accompanied formation of the cobalt‐boryl products in both cases. These results demonstrate that the pre‐catalyst activation from cobalt(II) bis(carboxylates), although effective and utilizes an air‐stable precursor, is less efficient than activation of cobalt(I) alkyl or cobalt(III) dihydride boryl complexes, which are quantitatively converted to the catalytically relevant cobalt(I) boryl. Related cobalt(III) dihydride silyl and cobalt(I) silyl complexes were also synthesized from treatment of trans‐(iPrPNP)Co(H)2BPin and (iPrPNP)CoPh with HSi(OEt)3, respectively. No catalytic silylation of arenes was observed with either complex likely due to the kinetic preference for reversible C−H reductive elimination rather than product‐ forming C−Si bond formation from cobalt(III). Syntheses of the cobalt(II) bis(carboxylate) and cobalt(I) alkyl of iPrPONOP, a pincer where the methylene spacers have been replaced by oxygen atoms, were unsuccessful due to deleterious P−O bond cleavage of the pincer. Despite their structural similarity, the rich catalytic chemistry of iPrPNP was not translated to iPrPONOP due to the inability to access stable cobalt precursors as a result of ligand decomposition via P−O bond cleavage.
Real‐time functional optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy using high‐speed alternating illumination at 532 and 1064 nm
Authors: Kang Heesung , Lee Sang‐Won , Park Sang‐Min , Cho Soon‐Woo , Lee Jae Yong , Kim Chang‐Seok , Lee Tae Geol
Published: September 2017

Optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM), which has been widely used and studied as a noninvasive and in vivo imaging technique, can yield high‐resolution and absorption contrast images. Recently, metallic nanoparticles and dyes, such as gold nanoparticles, methylene blue, and indocyanine green, have been used as contrast agents of OR‐PAM. This study demonstrates real‐time functional OR‐PAM images with high‐speed alternating illumination at 2 wavelengths. To generate 2 wavelengths, second harmonic generation at 532 nm with an LBO crystal and a pump wavelength of 1064 nm is applied at a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz. For alternating illumination, an electro‐optical modulator is used as an optical switch. Therefore, the A‐line rate for the functional image is 150 kHz, which is half of the laser repetition rate. To enable fast signal processing and real‐time displays, parallel signal processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU) is performed. OR‐PAM images of the distribution of blood vessels and gold nanorods in a BALB/c‐nude mouse's ear can be simultaneously obtained with 500 × 500 pixels and real‐time display at 0.49 fps.