bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of snacking frequency on older adults' dietary intakes
Authors: Zizza Claire Ann , Arsiwalla Dilbur , Ellison Kathy Jo
Published: June 2021

Older adults are at risk for compromised nutritional well‐being because their food intake tends to decrease with age and their micronutrient needs either remain constant or increase. Very little research attention has focused on the dietary behaviors, such as snacking, of community‐dwelling older adults. Our objective was to investigate the influence of snacking frequency on older adults' intakes of nutrients specifically, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin E, vitamin K, and fiber, which are likely consumed at inadequate levels by older adults. Data for 2,683 older adults (≥ 65 y) from the 2003‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used for this study. Dietary data were collected through two 24‐h dietary recall interviews. Linear regression models controlling for age, race/ethnicity, income, sex, physical activity, BMI, and energy intake were used to examine the relationship between snacking frequency and nutrient intakes. Snacking was found to be common as 97% of the older adults snacked at least once over the 2 days. Snacking contributed on average 9‐18% of the daily total intakes of all the nutrients studied. Based on the regression results, snacking frequency was positively related to potassium, vitamin E and marginally related to calcium intakes. Results from this study demonstrate that snacking is a common dietary behavior among older adults.
Prebiotics and gut function: Use of novel mass spectrometric based methodology to characterize gut microbial metabolomics
Authors: Kheterpal Indu , Zhou Jun , Keenan Michael J , Tulley Richard T , Raggio Anne M , Shen Li , Zhang Hanjie , Martin Roy J
Published: June 2021

Prebiotics such as dietary resistant starch (RS) have been shown to promote a healthy gut environment, profoundly alter gut microflora, decrease plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, increase insulin sensitivity, decrease fat storage, and produce anticancer effects in humans. The mechanisms for these beneficial effects remain unclear. We used novel mass spectrometry (MS) based methods of applied reversed‐phase ultra‐performance liquid chromatography, based on the use of sub 2 micron particles, combined with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight MS to investigate production of global metabolite profiles from feces of rats fed a high RS diet. More than 9000 components were detected in these analyses. Data were further analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Database searching using the exact mass followed by further structural characterization using high energy fragmentation data identified differentially regulated species which include steroid esters, glycolipids, and amino acids. E.g., melatonin is up regulated by a factor of 155 fold in animals on the RS diet, and melabaricone C, a factor involved in the healing of gastric ulceration, is present in animals fed the RS diet, but non‐measurable in those fed the control diet. These observations provide guidance for future studies on the impact of a prebiotics on improving human health.
Associations between fast food and fried food intake and metabolic risk factors in Latinos with type 2 diabetes: Preliminary results from the DIALBEST study
Authors: Vega‐López Sonia , Chhabra Jyoti , D'Agostino Darrin , Calle Mariana C. , Samuel Grace K. , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Fernandez Maria Luz , Damio Grace , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: June 2021

HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma lipids, food frequency data, and energy and macronutrient intake (24h diet recall) were gathered to identify dietary habits associated with metabolic risk factors in Latinos with type 2 diabetes (n=150; 56±12 y; BMI=34±8 kg/m2) enrolled in the DIALBEST study. At baseline, HbA1c was 9.6±1.8 %; FPG was 190±80 mg/dL; total‐, LDL‐ and HDL‐cholesterol (C) were 179±42 mg/dL, 99±38 mg/dL and 50±14 mg/dL, respectively; and triglycerides (TG) were 156±98 mg/dL. Consuming fast food and home‐delivered food was reported by 63% and 57% of participants, respectively. Frequency of fast food intake was correlated with energy intake (r=0.194, p<0.05), trans fat intake (r=0.167, p<0.05), frequency of fried food consumption (r=0.240, p<0.05), HbA1c (r=0.202, p<0.01), FPG (r=0.178, p<0.05), total‐C (r=0.185, p<0.01), LDL‐C (r=0.190, p<0.01) and LDL/HDL (r=0.204, p<0.01). Frequency of home‐delivered food intake was correlated with HbA1c (r=0.161, p<0.05) and FPG (r=0.191, p<0.01). Consumption of fried foods was associated with FPG (r=0.360, p<0.0001), total‐C (r=0.164, p<0.05), LDL‐C (r=0.167, p<0.05), and LDL/HDL (r=0.292, p<0.005), TG (r=0.246, p<0.05). Results suggest that consumption of fast foods and fried foods may contribute to the metabolic risk in this population. Funding: CT Center for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos (NIH‐NCMHD grant # P20MD001765).
The Relationship between Ready‐to‐Eat Cereal Consumption Categorized by Sugar Content and Body Measures in American Children: Results from NHANES 2001‐06
Authors: Albertson Ann Marie , Thompson Douglas R. , Franko Debra L.
Published: June 2021

Weighted one‐day food intake from NHANES 2001‐06 was analyzed to determine the relationship between consumption of RTE cereal (by sugar content), BMI and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHR) for children ages 6‐18 years. Two separate analyses were conducted; categorization of cereal based on WIC sugar guidelines (<21.2g sugar/100g) (analysis A) and categorization based on percentage of sugar by tertiles (analysis B). For analysis A, BMI was similar among children who consumed cereal with <21.2g sugar/100g (mean = 20.0, 95% CI: 19.4‐20.5) and those who consumed cereal with >21.2 g sugar/100g (mean = 20.0, 95% CI: 19.6‐20.4); both groups had lower BMI compared to the no cereal group (mean = 21.6, 95% CI: 21.3‐21.9). For WHR, children who consumed cereal with <21.2g sugar/100g (mean = 0.477, 95% CI: 0.466‐0.486) and those who consumed cereal with >21.2 g sugar/100g (mean = 0.476, 95% CI: 0.469‐0.482) had similar WHR; both groups had lower WHR than the no cereal group (mean = 0.489, 95% CI: 0.484‐0.493). Analysis B showed an very similar pattern. BMI and WHR were similar among children who consumed cereals in the highest tertile of sugar and those who consumed cereals in the lower tertiles and both groups had significantly lower BMI and WHR compared to children who consumed no cereal. In addition, regardless of the type of cereal, children who consumed cereal had a more favorable nutrient intake profiles than those who consumed no cereal.
Association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in Mexican school children
Authors: Rodriguez Sonia , Mundo‐Rosas Verónica , García‐Guerra Armando , Shamah‐Levy Teresa
Published: June 2021

Objective

To identify dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in Mexican school children.

Methods

Dietary patterns were defined by k‐means cluster analysis based on a 7 day semi‐quantitative FFQ from 8252 children (5 to 11 y old) from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (2006). Weight and height were measured and OW/OB prevalence was estimated with BMI. A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of dietary pattern with OW/OB adjusting by age, dwelling (rural or urban) and survey design. After logistic regression analysis, the estimation of prevalence ratio was estimated.

Results

Five dietary patterns were identified: pattern 1 (high consumption of sweet cereals), pattern 2 (high consumption of tortillas), pattern 3 (high consumption of sweet beverages, meat and candies) pattern 4 (high consumption of sweet beverage, snacks, fat), and pattern 5 (high consumption of milk and candies). The global prevalence of OW/OB in children was 25.5%. Pattern 4 was associated with more risk of OW/OB (PR=1.35, p<0.01). Patterns 1, 3, and 5 showed trend to increase the risk of OW/OB, but no significant differences were showed.

Conclusions

A dietary pattern with high consumption of sweet beverages, snacks and fat was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity in Mexican school children.
Relationship of dietary micronutrient intake with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c: DIALBEST Trial Preliminary Results
Authors: Chhabra Jyoti , Vega‐López Sonia , D'Agostino Darrin , Fernandez Maria Luz , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of dietary micronutrient intake with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in Latino patients with type 2 diabetes in total sample (TS) versus plausible reporters (PR). Demographic information and one 24hr dietary recall was gathered for 159 patients =21 yrs, HbA1c =7, residing in Hartford county (M=25%; F=75%). Participants with reported energy intake (EI) within 1 SD of estimated energy requirement (EER) were called PR; others were implausible reporters (IR). Means for TS; age=56 yrs, BMI=34 kg/m², HbA1c=9.6%, FPG=10.6 mmol/dl (190 mg/dl); were similar to means for PR; age=56 yrs, BMI=34 kg/m², HbA1c=9.5%, FPG=10.2 mmol/dl (183 mg/dl). Mean EITS=1467 kcal and mean EI/EERTS=0.74. Mean EIPR=1834 kcals and mean EI/EERPR was=0.92. FPG was positively correlated with HbA1c in TS (r=0.5) and PR (r=0.6) (p<0.001). In TS, retinol, Vit D, Vit B6, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate intake were associated with FPG (r = 0.2 to 0.3, p<0.01). In PR, retinol (r = ‐0.03), Mg (r = 0.03) and Vit K (r = 0.03) were associated with FPG (p<0.05). Mean intakes; retinol=306 mcg, Vit K=38 mcg, Mg=277 mg; for PR were below DRI. Findings suggest caution in interpretation of nutrient‐biomarker associations when samples include IR. Funding: Connecticut NIH Export Center of Excellence for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos (NIH‐NCMHD grant # P20MD001765).
Secular trend in age at menarche for Vietnamese marriage immigrants in Korea born between 1960 and 1989
Authors: Kim Sun Hye , Lee Sang‐Eun , Lyu Ji‐Eun , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Chung Hye‐Won , Kim Wha‐Young
Published: June 2021

There is strong evidence of a downward secular trend in age at menarche in many countries. However, no study on this trend in age at menarche has been reported in Vietnamese. This study was to measure the trend in age at menarche in Vietnamese marriage immigrants during the past few decades and the association of height with this trend. This study was conducted on 910 Vietnamese marriage immigrants in Korea born between 1960 and 1989 in Seoul. The data on age at menarche were collected by the retrospective method. Height was measured at time studied. Women were grouped with respect to decade of birth and mean age at menarche was determined. The secular trends in annual age at menarche and in height were analyzed by the 3‐year moving average. Mean menarcheal age decreased from 16.72 to 15.37 years during the past 30 years, corresponding to ‐0.45 years per decade. Height did not increase significantly during the same period. Energy intakes of the Vietnamese population however, increased from 1,872kcal to 1,932kcal during the past 30years. And Vietnam's per capita income also increased about 10 fold during the same period. Our data suggest that the downward trend in age at menarche may be influenced by other factors such as energy intakes and economic development rather than physical growth in Vietnamese during the past 30 years. (Supported by a grant of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007‐090‐091‐4854‐300))
The association between nutrient intakes, and smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors of Vietnamese wives in Korea
Authors: Kim Sun Hye , Lee Sang‐Eun , Lyu Ji‐Eun , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Chung Hye‐Won , Kim Wha‐Young
Published: June 2021

Recently, international marriages have been rapidly increasing in Korea. This study was to investigate the association between smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors, and nutrient intakes for Vietnamese wives in Korea. Subjects were recruited from medical examination centers in Korea. The proportions of smokers and alcohol drinkers were 14.6% and 20.5%, which was higher than the prevalence of smokers of Korean females in 20's (3.5%) from The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Almost all smokers were alcohol drinkers. Smokers and alcohol drinkers showed shorter lengths of residence in Korea than non‐smokers. The levels of fasting blood glucose and atherogenic index were higher in smokers and in alcohol drinkers. Smokers had lower levels of HDL‐cholesterol and higher vitamin A and folate intakes compared to non‐smokers and non‐drinkers. Alcohol drinkers had greater intakes of potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and folate than non‐alcohol drinkers. In conclusion, smoking and alcohol drinking seemed to have effects on blood profiles such as fasting blood glucose, atherogenic index, and HDL‐cholesterol. Further investigation is needed to identify relation between smoking and drinking, and nutrition outcomes in a follow‐up study. (Supported by a grant of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007‐090‐091‐4854‐300) & 2nd stage of BK21 Project in 2008)
Assessing agreement among observers of fourth‐grade children's dietary intake at school meals
Authors: Hardin James William , Baxter Suzanne Domel , Royer Julie A , Guinn Caroline H , Mackelprang Alyssa J
Published: June 2021

For a dietary‐reporting validation study conducted over 3 school years, researchers unobtrusively observed the food items and per‐item amounts eaten by children during certain school meals. To investigate children's dietary recall accuracy, observed information was compared to reported information from a subsequent interview with the child. Amounts observed eaten were recorded in servings of standard school‐meal portions as none = 0, taste = 0.1, little bit = 0.25, half = 0.5, most = 0.75, all = 1.0, or the number of servings if >1. Two researchers observed the same child at the same meal and recorded intake (281 meals). We compared pairs of observations to assess interobserver reliability (IOR) among 6 observers. To summarize observer agreement, we investigated statistics for different levels of information. Pearson's correlation was 93% for servings per food item and 96% for servings per meal. The table shows percent agreement and Cohen's Kappa. Beverages served in opaque containers accounted for 94 of 257 items for which observers recorded amounts that differed by =0.25 servings. This led to using a tolerance of 0.25 servings for matches. All measurements indicated good levels of IOR. Funded by R01 HL074358.
Causal relationship between sexual maturation and obesity? A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Ji , Chen Xiaoli , Wang Youfa
Published: June 2021

Accumulating studies show an association between sexual maturation and obesity among adolescent girls and young female adults. However, the results are mixed and are very limited in males. The causality between the two remains controversial even in females. We studied the relation between early sexual maturation (SM) and overweight/obesity among adolescents and adults based on studies published during Jan 1970‐Aug 2008. Our systematic search of Pubmed identified 20 cohort‐ and 22 cross‐sectional studies that met our inclusion criteria for review; and 3 cohort‐ and 3 cross‐sectional studies for meta‐analysis among 423 retrieved articles. Related data were extracted using standardized protocol. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of overweight/obesity were calculated for early SM compared with normal SM using meta‐analysis fixed and/or random effects models. In females, both the cohort‐ (OR=1.80 (1.45‐2.24)) and cross‐sectional studies (OR=1.99 (1.45‐2.73)) revealed a consistent positive association; the association for obesity was stronger than for combined overweight and obesity, OR=2.19 (1.45‐3.29) vs 1.86 (1.56‐2.22). However, no association was detected in males (OR=1.02 (0.52‐2.00)). In conclusion, early SM increases the risk for subsequent obesity in females, but no consistent association between the two exists in males.
Dietary Intakes of Pacific Northwest Tribal Nations
Authors: Fialkowski Marie Kainoa , Boushey Carol , Roberts Sparkle , Grattan Lynn
Published: June 2021

Diet is influential in the maintenance of health and the etiology of disease across many populations including Native Americans. Adequate dietary information is not available across this heterogeneous population. Our objective was to describe the current nutrient intakes of a cohort of Pacific Northwest Tribal Nation members. 528 non‐pregnant adults (18‐71+ years) were recruited at baseline. For this study 419 adults with complete diet, height, and weight information were included. Among this population, women (BMI = 33) had significantly higher (p<0.05) mean BMIs compared to men (BMI = 31). Participants completed up to four food records over one year. Total fat and saturated fat as a contribution to energy was similar for men and women. Overall means were 36% for total fat and 12% for saturated fat. Mean intake of cholesterol among men (361 g) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than women (289 g). Interestingly, mean intakes of omega‐3 (1.7 g/day) far exceeded recommendations from the American Heart Association (0.3‐0.5 g/day). Except for omega‐3 intake, these poor dietary patterns are similar to those documented among non‐Native populations. However, Native Americans experience a disproportionate burden for chronic diseases such as circulatory disease. Adequate dietary intake information may be more important for this population to combat the present health disparities.
Sociodemographic disparities in adiposity distribution shifts in American children and adolescents
Authors: Wang Youfa , Beydoun May A.
Published: June 2021

While obesity prevalence in USA has been increasing, shifts in various adiposity measures may vary across socio‐demographic groups. We assessed over time distributional shifts in BMI, waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST); tested age, sex, ethnic‐differences and changes in associations between adiposity measures and family income; used nationally representative NHANES data (1988‐94; 1999‐04); estimated overall‐ and percentile group‐specific means and mean yearly shifts. Linear models assessed secular changes in associations. Mean 10‐y increases in these adiposity measures were statistically significant, varied by sex, age, ethnicity and population adiposity distributions. Mean BMI increased by 0.8‐0.9 kg/m2; WC increased by 3.3‐3.6 cm; TST, by 0.9‐1.3 mm. Ethnic, age, sex disparities in mean BMI became wider over time (eg, girls, 0.8 in blacks vs. 1.3 in whites). Major increases in these adiposity measures were mostly noted in upper percentiles in adolescents. BMI's association with WC became significantly stronger only in whites. Association between family income and TST/BMI ratio weakened in blacks. The rise in adiposity in US young people was unequally distributed across groups and the shifts varied across the spectrum of various adiposity measures. Solely examining changes in obesity/overweight rates based on BMI could not capture the complex patterns.

This study is supported by the NIH (NIDDK R01 DK63383).
Well & Aware: setting up a low‐level nutrition education initiative addressing diabetes in rural population
Authors: Champagne Catherine M , Lastor Katherine C , Newton Donna H , Karam Amy
Published: June 2021

There is a need for more diabetes nutrition education in the adult population of rural, low literacy Louisiana residents. Increased dissemination of appropriate information on diabetes to this population is imperative. The purpose of Well & Aware is to determine the effect of nutrition education on diabetes incidence and progression rates in order to determine the benefits of additional nutritional knowledge and improvements in diabetes. The nutrition component addresses diabetes care in newsletters and diabetes counseling sessions. Evaluation involves assessment of knowledge and diet pre‐ and post‐intervention. Newsletters are mailed monthly to >200 participants and evaluations are collected by project staff. Most recent surveys revealed: 88% of those surveyed had read the newsletter and found it helpful. Of those, 77% found the newsletter extremely helpful; 23% found it somewhat helpful. 95% of those surveyed who had read the newsletter found the recipe helpful. Of those, 90% found it extremely helpful; 10% found it somewhat helpful. Benefits to participants are enhanced nutrition knowledge and management of disease. Plans are to relate the data to blood variables and to extend the intervention.
The Plate Method is an Effective Education Tool for Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Schoeppner Heidi , Fitch Cindy , Bulger Sean
Published: June 2021

The number of overweight adolescents in the United States continues to increase and effective methods of treatment intervention need to be established. The objective of this study was to determine if the Plate Method of nutrition education is an effect approach to teach overweight 10‐14 year‐old adolescents (BMI > 95th percentile) in West Virginia to choose healthier foods. Twenty‐four adolescents were recruited through schools, physician's offices, and community programs to attend a two‐week residential lifestyle‐modification camp with three follow‐up weekends over the next 12 months. Prior to attending the initial camp session, subjects were asked to complete a three‐day diet record. Three‐months later subjects were asked to complete a three‐day diet record before coming to the first follow‐up weekend. While attending the camp session, subjects participated in four, 50 minute nutrition education lessons focusing on the Plate Method and 'Always' food choices vs. 'Sometimes' or 'Sparing' food choices. Twenty‐three subjects participated in the two‐week camp session and 19 subjects attended the first follow‐up session. Diet records prior to camp indicated that on average subjects were not meeting recommendations for servings of fruits, vegetables, milk, or whole grains, but were exceeding recommendations for soda/sweetened drinks and high fat/sugar foods. Diet records at follow‐up indicate that on average subjects have increased servings of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while servings of soda/sweetened drinks and high fat/sugar foods have decreased. Using the Plate Method as a nutrition education tool is an effective way to help overweight adolescents make healthier food choices at meal‐time(s).
Bone mass is positively influenced by lean and negatively by fat mass in overweight and obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Liu Pei‐Yang , Shin Hyehyung , Douglas Crystal C , Ilich Jasminka Z
Published: June 2021

While it is well established that higher weight is associated with higher bone mass, it is under debate wether fat or lean mass has greater influence on bone mineral density/bone mineral content (BMD/BMC). Our purpose was to examine the influence of fat and lean mass on BMD/BMC of various skeletal sites in overweight and obese early‐postmenopausal Caucasian women. Subjects were classified according to their BMI as either overweight (BMI=25‐29 kg/m², n=74), or obese (BMI>30 kg/m², n=84). BMD/BMC of the total body (yielding body composition analysis), femur, spine and forearm were measured with iDXA. T‐test was used to compare differences between 2 groups. Multiple regression models with BMD/BMC of various skeletal sites as dependent variables, controlled for age and height (latter only in BMC models) were used to determine the influence of fat and/or lean mass. Obese women had significantly higher BMD/BMC in almost all skeletal sites than overweight women (p<0.05). In regression analysis, lean mass was significant positive predictor of total body BMD/BMC and spine BMC in both groups of women. Fat mass was negatively related to BMD/BMC of almost all skeletal sites but reached negative statistical significance for total body BMC in obese women. Our study shows that lean mass has positive, while fat mass might have negative influence on total body and regional BMD/BMC in this population. USDA/CSREES/NRI #2004‐05287.
Chemoprevention of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo [4‐5‐b] pyridine‐induced colon carcinogenesis by Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Jedinak Andrej , Dudhgaonkar Shailesh , Jiang Jahua , Sliva Daniel
Published: June 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States. Epidemiological studies demonstrated direct link between colorectal cancer and consumption of cooked meat containing mutagen, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo [4‐5‐b] pyridine (PhIP). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes (GLT) on PhIP‐induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. Male ICR mice were given a single i.g. administration (200 mg/kg body wt) of PhIP followed by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water for a week and this procedure was repeated twice. GLT was administered orally three times per week (0, 100 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) for 16 weeks. Reduction in the colon length observed in control group was inhibited in a dose dependent manner with GLT treatment. Similarly the multiplicity of tumors 5.56±2.01 in control was significantly reduced to 2.14±2.12 and 0.67±1.21 by 100 and 500 mg/kg of GLT, respectively. Furthermore, 100 and 500 mg/kg of GLT reduced the number of aberrant crypts by 50 and 70%, respectively. The neoplastic index (cancerous lesions, adenoma/adenocarcinoma) was also reduced by GLT treatment in a dose dependent manner. Nevertheless, GLT did not reduce the incidence of dysplasia. In summary, our data suggest that GLT may prevent colon carcinogenesis in the PhIP‐induced colon carcinogenesis.
Luteolin disturbs cell adhesion through alpha‐containing integrins and expression of modified LDL‐scavenging receptors required for foam cell formation
Authors: Kim Dong Shoo , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: June 2021

The leukocyte recruitment and transmigration across the endothelial barrier into the vessel wall are crucial steps in promoting atherosclerosis. Oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) causally involved in the development of atherosclerosis has been shown to facilitate leukocyte transmigration. Our previous study showed that the flavone luteolin inhibited oxLDL‐triggered expression of cell adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells responsible for leukocyte recruitment. The present study examined whether luteolin blocked the monocyte‐endothelium interaction through monocyte integrin and inhibited the foam cell formation of THP‐1‐derived macrophages. We found that luteolin hampered the TNF‐α‐activated expression of THP‐1 monocyte integrin alpha. In addition, luteolin at non‐toxic doses mitigated the TNF‐α‐activated MMP‐9 secretion of THP‐1 monocytes. When THP‐1‐derived macrophages were treated with 10 µg/mL oxLDL or acetyl LDL, luteolin dampened expression of lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 and SR‐A. These findings suggest that luteolin was effective in the disturbing TNF‐α‐activated cell adhesion through alpha‐containing integrins of monocytes and inhibiting modified LDL uptake through LDL‐scavenging receptors of macrophages. Therefore, dietary luteolin may be an anti‐atherogenic agent blocking the monocyte‐endothelium interactions. Supported by Brain Korea 21
Prolonged red wine consumption changes hepatic redox status and inflammation
Authors: Pestana Diogo , Monteiro Rosário , Faria Ana , Calhau Conceição , Azevedo Isabel
Published: June 2021

To understand the utility of red wine (RW) in the prevention of oxidative stress‐related diseases we investigated its effect on hepatic redox status and inflammation and determined the involvement of procyanidins in the effects. Groups of 5 male Wistar rats were treated with: water (control, C); aqueous procyanidin solution (PW, 200 mg/L); 13% ethanol (E); alcoholic procyanidin solution (PE, 200 mg/L of 13% ethanol); or RW (with 13% ethanol). Lipid, protein and DNA oxidation, glutathione status and the activity of enzymatic antioxidant defenses were determined in liver homogenates. Enzyme expression was assessed by RT‐PCR and NFκB activation by ELISA. RW prevented protein oxidation and changed glutathione (GSH) status and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. PE and RW treatments increased GSH synthetase expression (when compared to E). GSH reductase expression was decreased in all groups, while GSH peroxidase was decreased by PE and increased by RW. RW increased NFκB although TNFα was unchanged in RW group and reduced by PE. In conclusion, chronic consumption of RW altered hepatic redox status, its effects being partially justified by procyanidins in an alcoholic matrix. Ethanol seems critical for the effects of procyanidins, highlighting the importance of food matrix for the effects of these compounds.

Supported by FCT (PTDC/QUI/65501/2006, SFRH/BPD/40110/2007) and Instituto de Bebidas e Saúde (iBeSa).
Resistant Starch reduces postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response and increases satiety in humans
Authors: Kendall Cyril , Esfahani Amin , Sanders Lisa , Potter Susan , Jenkins David
Published: June 2021

Objective

To assess the dose‐response effect of adding resistant starch to drinks on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, satiety and post‐load ad libitum food intake.

Methods

22 healthy "unrestrained eaters" (13 male, 9 female, age 26±4y; BMI 23.7±2.4kg/m²) consumed meals containing 0g, 5g, 15g and 25g of PROMITOR(tm) RS in a randomized, double blind, crossover study. Using a visual analogue scale (VAS), subjects rated their satiety level and symptoms at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after eating. Blood samples were taken simultaneously. Using the satiety ratings, the satiety quotient and appetite score were calculated. Two hours after eating, subjects were given an ad libitum meal and total energy intake was recorded.

Results

All meals were well tolerated and no significant adverse symptoms were reported. Compared to the control, the 25g dose of RS resulted in significantly lower blood glucose (P≤0.002) and serum insulin levels at 90min and 120 min. In addition the satiety quotient for mean appetite score for the 25g RS dose was significantly higher (P≤0.05) compared to the control at 15min and 45 min. However second meal ad libitum meal total energy intake was not different between treatments.

Conclusions

The inclusion of RS may effectively reduce the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response of meals and increase satiety without adverse symptoms.
Does Contaminated Heparin Lead to a Higher Prevalence of HIT Antibodies?
Authors: Bansal Vinod , Cunanan Josephine , Adiguzal Cafer , Litinas Evangelos , Nelson Kelly , Fareed Jawed
Published: June 2021

From November 2007 until January 2008, an increased prevalence of adverse reactions to heparin was noted which were attributed to the presence of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). This OSCS had a molecular profile similar to heparin (14‐16 kDa) and produced HIT antibody mediated platelet aggregation and serotonin release. Since dialysis patients had been exposed to contaminated heparin, the OSCS may have triggered the generation of anti‐heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies (HIT abs). Blood from 80 hemodialysis patients who were potentially exposed to contaminated heparin was drawn in June 2008. Plasma samples were analyzed for HIT abs by ELISA (GTI; Brookfield, WI). Analysis of plasma obtained from dialysis patients in 2006 and 2007 showed a very low prevalence of HIT abs (5 %). While there was no change in platelet count in the current patients, the prevalence of HIT abs was markedly higher 15/78 (19.2%). Antibody subtyping showed a higher prevalence of IgG in contrast to the previously determined abs which were mainly IgA and IgM. OSCS was found to strongly complex with platelet factor 4 and initiate platelet aggregation responses. These observations suggest that OSCS in recalled heparin is capable of triggering a differential immunogenic response than contaminant free heparin. Regardless of the increased generation of HIT abs, no adverse events and/or thrombocytopenia were reported in these patients.
Mutual Interaction of Prostate Carcinoma And Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Cells With Human Lymphocyte Mononuclear Cells – Modulation of Parameters of Innate Immunity by PPAR‐gamma ligands
Authors: Koenig Wolfgang , Allhoff Ernst Peter , Ghebremedhin Beniam , Koenig Brigitte , Tammer Ina , Koenig Jens Ekkehard
Published: June 2021

We studied the mutual interaction of human lymphocyte mononuclear cells on co‐incubation with prostate carcinoma (PCA) and BPH cells in the presence of 15d‐PGJ2 and glitazones (troglitazone, ciglitazone). The cells were stimulated with growth factors (VEGF, EGF, HGF, IGF, FGF) at various concentrations (1‐100 ng). PPAR‐gamma ligands at various concentrations were either added prior to or after co‐incubation with PCA and BPH cells for 24 hours; the release of mediators (IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐alpha, VEGF, TGF‐beta, PGE2) was studied by Elisa; RT‐PCR and Taqman analysis were applied for the analysis of parameters of innate immunity, e. g. p22‐, 47‐, 67‐, gp91‐phox, cysteinylleukotriene receptors 1, 2, protease activated receptors (PAR1‐4), toll‐like receptors (TLR2, 4, 9), COX2, CD14, TRAF6, MD2, MYD88, CXCR2.

Our results show: 1) Human lymphocyte mononuclear cells modulate various parameters of innate immunity on carcinoma as well as BPH cells after co‐incubation. 2) PPAR‐gamma‐ligands interact differently when given prior or after co‐incubation of tumor cells with human lymphocyte mononuclear cells. 3) Differences in pro‐ and antiinflammatory responses depend on the individual cell line as well as the stimulus via differences in cellular signal transduction. The results suggest a potential use of PPAR‐gamma‐ligands to dampen inflammation and potentially tumor development.
Claudin 9 overexpression increases migration potential and proliferation rate of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zavala‐Zendejas Veronica Elizabeth , Montaño‐Estrada Luis Felipe , Rendon‐Huerta Erika Patricia
Published: June 2021

Claudin family proteins play an important role in the barrier function of tight junctions (TJ), preserving cell polarity and determining the size and charge of the molecules that pass trough the paracelular space in epithelial and endothelial tissues. Claudin (CLDN) expression is altered in several tumors, and our group has recently reported that CLDN 6, 7 and 9 are overexpressed in human gastric adenocarcinomas, however the role of these CLDNs in tumor progression is unknown. To determine if CLDN overexpression confere advantages to AGS cells, like increased proliferation rate, apoptosis evasion and tissue invasion, we evaluated the invasive capability of CLDNs transfected cells in Matrigel invasion chambers and by wound‐healing scratch assay. Proliferation rate by Brdu incorporation, and apoptosis of TNF treated cells by PARP detection were also measured. Overexpression of the three CLDNs resulted in increased migration potential, however CLDN 9 transfected cells migrated faster than the others. CLDN 9 overexrpession also caused increased proliferation rate of AGS cells.
Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3 and NHERF adaptor protein expression, localization and function in the small and large intestine of CD45RB high transfer colitis
Authors: Yeruva Sunil , Goldstein Julia , Lünnemann Maria , Chen Mingmin , Singh Anurag kumar , Riederer Brigitte , Gereke Marcus , Bruder Dunja , Manns Michael peter , Seidler Ursula
Published: June 2021

Backround

The molecular mechanisms for inflammatory diarrhea are multifactorial and incompletely understood.

Aim

We investigated the expression, localization and function of the major intestinal sodium absorptive transporter, the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3, as well as its regulatory PDZ‐adapter proteins NHERF1 and PDZK1, in the small and large intestine of mice after induction of a CD45RBhigh transfer colitis.

Results

After colitis induction, TNF‐alpha levels were increased both in the inflamed colon and microscopically normal‐appearing small intestine. NHE3 mRNA expression was upregulated in the colon and unaltered in the small intestine, NHE3 protein expression and localization in the brush border membrane (BBM) was not altered, but acid‐activated NHE3 transport rates in small intestinal villous and colonic surface cells were severely decreased, and fluid absorption in vivo was decreased in the small intestine. PDZK1 mRNA expression was downregulated, whereas that of NHERF1 was not altered. Glucocorticoid treatment of colitic mice for 4 days decreased colonic mucosal cytokine expression and increased PDZK1 expression as well as fluid absorption.

Conclusion

We suggest that during immune‐mediated intestinal inflammation, NHE3 BBM protein abundance is normal, but the regulation of its transport activity is disturbed. PDZK1 downregulation during inflammation may be one factor responsible for inflammation‐associated NHE3 dysfunction
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Rosmarinic acid on a model of carrageenan‐induced paw edema
Authors: Rocha João Pedro , Sepodes Bruno Miguel , Eduardo‐Figueira Maria , Bronze Rosário , Duarte Catarina , Serra Teresa , Silva‐Lima Beatriz , Mota‐Filipe Helder
Published: June 2021

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with strong antioxidant capacity that has been shown to inhibit the expression of NF‐¿B promoter‐related genes. Here we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory properties of RA and its protective effects in three experimental models of inflammation. In order to study the effects of RA in local inflammation, a carrageenan‐induced paw edema model in rats was performed. RA was administered at 10, 25 or 50 mg/kg (p.o.), 30 minutes before carrageenan injection. Inflammation was assessed by measurement of paw volume increase after 6h. 46 male Wistar rats (100‐150g) were randomly allocated into six groups as described: Control n=8, Carrageenan n=10, RA10 n=8, RA25 n=8, RA50 n=8, Indomethacin n=4). Results demonstrate that administration of RA at the dose of 25 mg/kg can reduce paw edema by over 20%, and it exhibits a dose‐response effect. Anti‐oxidant activity and inhibition of cytokine release was accessed by the use of cellular injury models, which confirmed the protective effect observed on the in vivo model of local inflammation. Therefore, we demonstrate here that rosmarinic acid causes a substantial reduction of inflammation on both in vitro and in vivo models. We propose that rosmarinic acid and similar phenolic compounds may be useful in the therapy of inflammation‐related injury.
NPAS3 promotes lung development by up‐regulating FGF signaling
Authors: Sunday Mary E. , Zhou Shutang , Degan Simone , Potts Erin , Foster W. Michael
Published: June 2021

We identified NPAS3 as a mouse homolog of Drosophila Trachealess (TRL), which regulates fly tracheogenesis, and now test the hypothesis that NPAS3 controls lung formation by altering expression of downstream genes critical for normal development. Gene expression was determined by QRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. NPAS3‐null (KO) mice were generated. Pulmonary function was assessed in adult mice with the Flexivent apparatus. Npas3 gene expression peaks in lung from E10.5‐E13.5, verified by sequencing, with immunostaining in airway epithelial cells. NPAS3‐KO mice have reduced lung branching morphogenesis and are viable in utero, but newborns die in respiratory distress, with decreased alveolarization. At P1, KO lungs have decreased Shh, FGF9, FGF10, and BMP4 mRNAs, and increased Sprouty2 mRNA, consistent with reduced FGF signaling. Branching morphogenesis of E11.5 KO lung buds is rescued by FGF10, but not cell migration. NPAS3‐deficient heterozygotes survive postnatally but develop emphysema and airways hyper‐reactivity. Thus, NPAS3 controls expression of multiple signaling cascades important for lung development. NPAS3 deficiency may also predispose to chronic lung disease.
MMP activation peptide detection in biological samples as a diagnostic marker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Voeghtly Laura M , Kaminski Naftali , Oury Tim D
Published: June 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Historically, IPF has been seen as a gradually progressive disease. However some patients with IPF experience acute exacerbations of IPF characterized by a rapid deterioration of lung function and accelerated death. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of proteases that regulate extracellular matrix turnover. Some MMPs have been shown to be upregulated in IPF and these MMPs are thought to directly contribute to disease progression. MMPs are proteases that are subject to inhibition once activated. The inhibited complexes are rapidly cleared preventing accurate biological detection of MMP activation. In contrast, the mechanism of clearance of the activation peptides released from the MMPs is unknown.

ELISA experiments show that the activation peptides of MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 are elevated in the urine of mice with pulmonary fibrosis compared to WT mice and in the urine of human patients with IPF compared to healthy controls. These data suggest that urine detection of MMP activation peptides is feasible and correlates with disease. Because MMP activation contributes to disease initiation and progression, we hypothesize that the accurate detection of the activation of these proteases will be relevant clinically and may allow for earlier detection of disease as well as allow for prediction of acute exacerbations.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines characterize vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Bazan Hernan Antonio , Sam Albert D , Sheahan Malachi , Abbruscato Frank
Published: June 2021

The mechanisms involved in the transition from a stable to an unstable or vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque are not clearly understood. We sought to test the hypothesis that pro‐inflammatory cytokines are related to carotid plaque instability and thus their modulation might be related to the prevention of stroke. Patients with at least 50% internal carotid artery stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy were included in this study; plaque stability was determined on the basis of clinical criteria and confirmed histologically. Intra‐plaque protein were extracted and analyzed by ELISA. Statistical testing was performed using the two‐tailed unpaired t‐test.

Carotid plaques were obtained from 53 patients; 33 were considered stable and 19 unstable. Unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques had significantly higher levels of expression of the chemokine MCP‐1 (19.8 ± 0.61 pg/ml vs. 17.3 ± 0.56 pg/ml; p=.0051) compared to stable plaques. Intra‐plaque levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) (20.7 ± 0.64 pg/ml vs. 18.3 ± 0.53 pg/ml; p=.0056) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) (450.1 ± 6.23 pg/ml vs. 326 ± 12.7 pg/ml; p<.0001) were similarly elevated in unstable compared to stable plaques. Conversely, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) was decreased in unstable plaques (27.4 ± 0.40 pg/ml vs. 30.3 ± 0.52 pg/ml; p=.0002). Unstable carotid plaques exhibit a pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile. MCP‐1, which aids in the chemotaxis of monocytes, is elevated in unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Small molecule inhibition of MCP‐1 may help in vulnerable plaque stabilization.
Activation of Prekallikrein by Contaminated Heparins, Isolated Contaminant and Related Hypersulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Preparations: Pharmacologic Implications
Authors: Hoppensteadt Debra , Iqbal Omer , Messmore Harry , Adiguzal Cafer , Bansal Vinod , Fareed Jawed
Published: June 2021

Use of heparins contaminated (CH) with oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) has been associated with severe adverse events. Studies were designed to determine the effect of OSCS on the generation of kallikrein (K). CH, a contaminant free heparin (CFH), OSCSs isolated from different heparins, hemisynthetic chondroitin sulfate preparations (HCS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) were compared at concentrations up to 1 mg/ml following supplementation to human plasma or whole blood (citrated or hirudinized ). K activity was measured using a specific chromogenic substrate. At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, in citrated plasma OSCS preparations produced the strongest activation of prekallikrein (>0.75/15 mins). CH produced a weaker activity (0.32/15 mins) that was comparable to that produced by CFH (0.24/15 mins). MPS also produced strong activation of prekallikrien into K. In citrated whole blood HCS‐1, HCS‐2, the three HCs and MPS produced a strong generation of K (>1.5/5 mins). CH produced a weaker effect (1.3/5 mins) whereas CFH was much less (0.25/ 5 mins). DS also produced a measurable generation of K (1.2/ 5 mins). CS produced weaker effects (0.6/ 5 mins). In hirudinized whole blood, all agents produced sizable generation of K (>1.5/5 mins). These studies demonstrate that the generation of K is a nonspecific effect of sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
Cardiac myocyte‐specific caveolin‐3 overexpression modulates ANP production and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in vivo
Authors: Horikawa Yousuke T , Tsutsumi Yasuo M , Patel Hemal H , Roth David M
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The organization of signaling molecules in cardiac hypertrophy are incompletely understood. Caveolae, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane localize signaling molecules involved in cardiac hypertrophy. Atrial naturetic peptide (ANP) regulates endothelin‐1 release and cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, ANP is secreted via and stored within caveolae. We hypothesized that cardiac myocyte‐specific overexpression of Cav‐3 (Cav‐3 OE) modulates ANP production attenuating cardiac hypertrophy in vivo.

Methods

Cav‐3 OE and littermate controls (C) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography, histology and molecular analysis were performed.

Results

Cav‐3OE mice had reduced heart weights post TAC compared to C. Furthermore, Cav‐3 OE and C mice had similar fractional shortening (FS) pre TAC but had greater FS compared to C post TAC. mRNA levels of ANP were 7‐fold greater in Cav‐3 OE at baseline compared to C, resulting in increased protein expression of ANP in the cardiac myocyte and blood. Disruption of caveolae with colchicine in adult cardiac myocytes isolated from Cav‐3 OE resulted in a decrease in ANP.

Conclusion

We show that Cav‐3 OE alters ANP production in cardiac myocytes blunting cardiac hypertrophy while preserving cardiac function post TAC. This suggests a therapeutic role for overexpression of Cav‐3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Photobiomodulation reduces perilesional myocardial injury during radiofrequency ablation in guinea pig hearts
Authors: Henry Michele M , Stowe David F , Heisner James S , Rao Rohit , Dhala Anwar , Camara Amadou KS , Whelan Harry T
Published: June 2021

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of arrhythmogenic cardiac lesions invariably injures normal tissue beyond the intended pathological territory requiring therapy. We tested if the unintended area of tissue damage could be restricted in the presence of long‐wavelength, low‐intensity photon irradiation (LLPI) in the far‐red, near‐infrared (NIR) spectra. Guinea pig hearts were isolated and perfused with Krebs‐Ringer's solution at 37°C. Lesions were induced on the left ventricular (LV) surface using a 2 mm tip diameter probe (Ablation Controller EPT‐1000XP) for exactly 1 min at 15 W (probe tip maximum 55‐58 °C) in the absence and presence of NIR (670 nm) light emitted (output 1300 mW/cm2) from a 1 cm diameter light‐emitting diode (LED) array placed 4 mm from the LV surface. NIR light was applied for 15 min immediately after induction of the lesion. One hour later perfusion was stopped and hearts were removed and prepared for sectioning and staining. We found that the surface area and depth of lesions, i.e. volume, was reduced by more than 50% when NIR light was applied. NIR light application may help to retain mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity in heat damaged, but not destroyed, cells in the perimeter about the lesion. LLPI during RF ablation may increase its precision by restricting damage to the intended area. Supported by NASA, NIH, AHA and VA Merit grants.