bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI DAN KUALITAS BERBAGAI AKSESI KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Santana Tatang , Rahayu Arifah , Mulyaningsih Yanyan
Published: May 2021

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) merupakan tanaman indigenous yang memiliki perbedaan karakter morfologi dan kualitas antar aksesi (daerah asal). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakter morfologi dan kualitas berbagai aksesi tanaman katuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, yaitu 10 aksesi katuk (Kadudampit1, Kadudampit2, Sukaraja, Pabuaran1, Pabuaran2, Leuwiliang, Kemang, Sentul, Pandeglang, Cianjur). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan tinggi tanaman, panjang tunas, lebar anak daun, panjang anak daun dan luas anak daun terbaik adalah aksesi Pabuaran2, Kadudampit2 dan Kadudampit1. Aksesi katuk dengan pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun, jumlah tunas dan panjang tunas tertinggi adalah Cianjur dan Kemang. Terdapat tiga kelompok tanaman katuk dengan tingkat kemiripan sebesar 76,27 %. Tingkat kemiripan tertinggi, sebesar 93,36 % terdapat pada aksesi Kadudampit1 dengan Sukaraja dan aksesi Kadudampit2 dengan Pabuaran2.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN PENGOBATAN TERAPI BEKAM DI WILAYAH BOGOR
Authors: Santoso Budi
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this study are: 1) To determine and analyze the legal protection of consumers from traditional medicine with the method of cupping treatment in the Regency and City of Bogor. 2) To find out and analyze the responsibilities of cupping treatment businesses in Bogor Regency and City towards consumers who have suffered losses. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical research that uses a qualitative approach. The results of this study are: 1) Protection of cupping treatment consumers in Bogor Regency and Bogor City, in dispute resolution can be done through a mechanism that has been regulated in the Consumer Protection Law, namely through a dispute resolution mechanism in court or outside the court. 2) The responsibility of the cupping treatment business actors to consumers who are harmed can be accountable for their actions both civil and criminal. This is aimed at increasing the bargaining position of consumers in making transactions with business actors, so that they are not treated arbitrarily because there is a law that regulates it.Keywords: Legal Protection; Consumer; Traditional Treatment.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG INDIGOFERA TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK, DAN SERAT KASAR RANSUM PEDET FRIES HOL
Authors: Gofur Muhammad Hesa Ali , Sudrajat Deden , Malik Burhanudin
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh tepung indigofera yang diberikan ke pedet terhadap KCBK, KCBO, dan SK. Penelitian menggunakan RAL dengan perlakukan sebagai berikut: Ro) Kosentrat 40%+Hijauan 60% R1) Hijauan 60% + (5% tepung indigofera + 35% konsentrat R2) Hijauan 60%+(10% tepung indigofera + 30% konsentrat . Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pedet FH yang diberi ransum Konsentrat+Hijauan (rumput gajah)+ tepung indigofera tidak berpengaruh nyata  (P>0,05).
Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan Berbasis Koperasi Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Badriyatul Fitri Ulfah Nurul , Latief M Fatkhurrahman Nur Jamil , Bukhori Iqbal , Hidayat Ara
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan berbasis koperasi pondok pesantren (KOPONTEN) di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Kopontren merupakan usaha mandiri yang memiliki prinsip dari pesantren, oleh pesantren, dan untuk pesantren. Adanya kopontren ini sebagai wujud kemandirian pesantren dalam mengembangkan potensi manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan. Adanya kopontren ini membantu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di pesantren. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kategorisasi data dan penafsiran data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor tidak jauh berbeda dengan manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan pada umumnya. 2) perolehan biaya pendidikan di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor diperoleh dengan empat sumber dana. Pertama, diperoleh langsung dari sumbangan pembinaan pendidikan (SPP) yang diambil setiap bulannya. Kedua, diperoleh dari swadaya masyarakat sekitar pondok melalui infaq dan wakaf. Ketiga, melalui pemerintah yaitu dana BOS yang diberikan setiap tahun. Keempat, dari hasil usaha pesantren yaitu melalui Koperasi Pondok Pesantren. 3) hasil usaha Koperasi Pondok Pesantren seluruhnya dikelola oleh Pondok dan dialokasikan untuk kemajuan pendidikan di Pondok.
Biyoetik Teriminin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları
Authors: YILDIZ Abdullah , KAYA Rukiye , ŞAHİNOĞLU Serap
Published: May 2021

Biyoetik tarihinin önemli isimleri sayılan Fritz Jahr ve Van Rensselaer Potter biyoetiğin kavramsallaşması, sistemleşmesi ve kurumsallaşmasında etkili rol oynamışlardır. Biyoetik, uygulama alanı ve karşılaştığı ahlaki değer sorunları açısından öncelikli olarak tıp alanındaki sorulara cevap bulmaya çalışmıştır. Kavram, süreç içerisinde tıp etiğini kapsamasının ötesinde daha genel bir çerçeveye ulaşma eğilimindedir.F. Jahr biyoetiği, bütün canlılara karşı sorumluluk ve saygı temelinde tanımlarken; Potter, hayatta kalma bilimi olarak özetlemektedir. Kavramın gelişiminde, biyoetik tarihinde önemli rol oynayan kişilerin akademik altyapıları ile o güne ait bilimsel ve teknolojik ilerlemeler belirleyici olurken aynı zamanda bu süreçte, üzerinde düşünülmemiş ve öngörülememiş ahlaki problemlerin ortaya çıkması da onun derinleşmesinde rol oynayan başlıca etkenler arasında sayılabilir. Yaman Örs, biyoetik terimini kavramsal açıdan Türkiye’de tanıtıp farklı kullanımlarıyla yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Örs terimi en dar anlamıyla tıp etiği ile özdeş olan anlamda kullanırken daha geniş bir kapsamda insan ve öteki canlılar ve nesnelerle olan ilişkiyi ele alan bir kullanıma da işaret ettiğini görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada biyoetik kavramının evrimsel sürecinde rol oynayan etkenler ortaya konulurken onun Türkiye’deki yansımaları ve alanyazındaki izleri tartışılacaktır.
Impact of the Weir Slit Location, the Flow Intensity and the Bed Sand on the Scouring Area and Depth at the Dam Upstream
Authors: Al-Hassani Naeem Zayer , Mohammad Thamer Ahmad
Published: May 2021

A total of 48 experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of slit weir dimensions and locations on the maximum scour depth and scour area created upstream. The slit weir model was a 110 mm slit opening, and it was installed at the end of the working section in a laboratory flume. The flume was 10.0 m long, 30 cm wide, 30 cm deep, and almost middle. It includes a 2 m working section with a mobile bed with 110 mm in thickness. In the mobile bed, two types of nonuniform sand (with a geometric standard deviation of 1.58 and 1.6) were tested separately. The weir dimensions and location were changed with flow rates. Then dimensions of the slit weir were changed from 60 x 110 mm to 60 x 70 mm (width x height), while the location of the slit weir was changed from the center of the flume to its side. Finally, the flow rates were changed from 2.6 to 8 l/s. The maximum value of scour depth and scour area was recorded 72 mm and 32357 mm2 when the slit height, the flow rate, D50  of the movable bed were 110 mm, 8 l/s, 0.3 mm, respectively.
A Prediction Formula for The Estimation of Sediment Load in The Upper Reach of Al-Gharraf River
Authors: Daham Mariam H.
Published: May 2021

The presence of deposition in the river decreases the river flow capability's efficiency due to the absence of maintenance along the river. In This research, a new formula to evaluate the sediment capacity in the upstream part of Al-Gharraf River will be developed. The current study reach lies in Wasit province with a distance equal to 58 km. The selected reach of the river was divided into thirteen stations. At each station, the suspended load and the bedload were collected from the river during a sampling period extended from February 2019 till July 2019. The samples were examined in the laboratory with a different set of sample tests. The formula was developed using data of ten stations, and the other three stations were used for validation. The determination coefficient, root mean square error and average relative error values were equal to 0.987,0.97 kg/s and 7%, respectively. Also, the values of the sediment load that resulted from the formula close to the results of the HEC-RAS model from a previous study, and the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and average relative error values were equal to  0.988, 0.88 kg/s, and 7 %  respectively for the simulated model.
Resume Hukum Tatanegara_173
Authors: S Dwi Agung Prastowo
Published: May 2021

Studi tentang konstitusi dalam suatu negara, dapat merupakan cabang ilmu politik atau cabang hukum tatanegara, karena kedua cabang ilmu ini sama-sama menjadikan "konstitusi" sebagai fokus bahasanya. Sebaliknya, dalam konstitusi juga terkandung materi muatan yang mmeliputi ruang lingkup bahasa ilmu politik maupun ilmu hukum tatanegara. Khusus mengenai pembahasan UUd 1945 sebagai konstitusi negara indonesia, dimana dalam pelaksanaannya menimbulkan beberapa masalah antara lain: fenomena beragamnya naskah UUD, bagaimana visi dan misi UUD 1945 sebagai pandangan tokoh-tokoh bangsa, hubungan pembukaan, batang tubuh, dan penjelasan serta prediksi di seputar masalah konvensi dalam praktik ketatanegaraan di masa datang.
A Virtual Reality Memory Palace Variant Aids Knowledge Retrieval from Scholarly Articles
Authors: Yang Fumeng
Published: May 2021

We present exploratory research of virtual reality techniques and mnemonic devices to assist in retrieving knowledge from scholarly articles. We used abstracts of scientific publications to represent knowledge in scholarly articles; participants were asked to read, remember, and retrieve knowledge from a set of abstracts. We conducted an experiment to compare participants’ recall and recognition performance in three different conditions: a control condition without a pre-specified strategy to test baseline individual memory ability, a condition using an image-based variant of a mnemonic called a “memory palace,” and a condition using a virtual reality-based variant of a memory palace. Our analyses show that using a virtual reality-based memory palace variant greatly increased the amount of knowledge retrieved and retained over the baseline, and it shows a moderate improvement over the other image-based memory palace variant. Anecdotal feedback from participants suggested that personalizing a memory palace variant would be appreciated. Our results support the value of virtual reality for some high-level cognitive tasks and help improve future applications of virtual reality and visualization.
Developing dimensions to Measure the Quality of Construction Project Management Service
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Trang Nguyen Doan
Published: May 2021

In construction industry today, the consultancy companies need to improve service quality- an important part of consultancy service in order to enhance the customer’s loyalty, boosting the business for future projects and word of mouth reputation. The question is whether the dimensions applied to measure the quality of the generic services can be applied to the professional services such as the construction project management service? If yes, how to do so? This research is based on the literature review, especially Parasuraman et al (1985, 1988), Hoxley (2004), Murugavarothayan et al (2000) and Ong (2007); and the qualitative method to suggest possible set of dimensions to measure the service quality of the construction project management.
Differential expression of ADAM33 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33, ADAM33, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ADAM33 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ADAM33 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. ADAM33 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Prediction of Current Production Rates, Cumulative Production and Recoverable Reserves of Hydrocarbon Fields
Authors: AL-Obaidi Sudad H , M Hofmann
Published: May 2021

Modeling in the process of oil production has been used almost since the beginning of hydrocarbon field development, when there were ideas about the conditions of formation occurrence and oil flow to wells. An empirical model is proposed to calculate the current production rate of wells in the hydrocarbon field by year. Based on this model, an equation for calculating cumulative production was constructed. The proposed model is compared with known models and actual development history data. The resulting models of current production rates, cumulative production and recoverable reserves most accurately describe the actual results and have a high correlation parameter compared to other models.
Dinamika Perkembangan dan Pembelajaran Geraka Anak
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: May 2021

Buku di tangan pembaca ini berbicara masalah perkembangan dan pembelajaran dan kontrol terhadap keterampilan gerak khususnya bagi anak. Keterampilan gerak atau belajar motorik adalah perubahan internal dalam bentuk gerak yang dimiliki individu yang disimpulkan dari perkembangan yang relatif permanen dan semua ini merupakan hasil dari suatu latihan. Selain itu buku ini juga membahas pengendalian gerak melibatkan studi tentang mekanisme saraf, perilaku, lingkungan, dan sinergis yang bertanggung jawab atas pergerakan dan stabilitas manusia. Hal hal tentang karakteristik perkembangan motorik anak, tahapan belajar motorik, umpan balik motorik, pemrosesan informasi motorik, dan pengambilan keputusan kendali motorik dalam aquatik juga dibahas dalam buku ini.
Differential expression of CACHD1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding cache domain containing 1, CACHD1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CACHD1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CACHD1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with post-progression survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. CACHD1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN UDANG PADA PT. INDOMINA LANGGENG SEJAHTERA DI LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: defrizal  , NAIBAHO LUCKY RESTU IMANUEL
Published: May 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Udang Pada PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera di Lampung Selatan memiliki tujuan untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran yang sesuai bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pangsa pasar dan agar tetap terus eksis ditengah kompetisi usaha yang semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini berkenaan dengan strategi pemasaran, yang meliputi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, ancaman dan pangsa pasar yang dimiliki serta strategi pemasaran yang dikembangkan menggunakan alat analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats).Perkembangan bisnis kini semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, secara otomatis akan dibarengi dengan semakin meningkatnya persaingan dari para pelaku bisnis, seperti PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera yang didirikan sejak tahun 2015 dengan strategi pemasaran menawarkan variasi dari produk olahan udang.Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan ternyata PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera memiliki keunggulan, berdasarkan analisis IFAS dan EFAS dari hasil analisis tersebut menunjukan bahwa untuk faktor kekuatan dan kelemahan (IFAS) menunjukan angka 2,65, dan faktor peluang dan ancaman (EFAS) sebesar 2,80. Faktor kekuatan dan peluang (SO) sebesar 3,80, kekuatan dan ancaman (ST) sebesar 2,70, faktor kelemahan dan peluang (WO) sebesar 2,75, dan untuk faktor kelemahan dan ancaman (WT) sebesar 1,65.Dari hasil analisis tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera memiliki kekuatan yang besar untuk memanfaatkan peluang dan meminimalisir ancaman. PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera juga dapat meminimalkan kelemahan untuk memanfaatkan peluang, terlebih lagi dalam meminimalkan kelemahan untuk menghindari ancaman. Oleh karena itu PT.Indomina Langgeng Sejahtera dapat memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang secara optimal.
PUPUR DINGIN SEBAGAI PERAWATAN WAJAH KHAS MASYARAKAT BANJAR
Authors: Fadillah Haris
Published: May 2021

“Pupur dingin” atau bedak dingin merupakan perawatan wajah tradisional yang berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan yang telah digunakan oleh wanita Kalimantan sejak dahulu. Selain fungsinya sebagai perawatan kulit (skin care) dari sengatan matahari, selain itu pupur dingin juga banyak diminati sebagai oleh-oleh khas Banjar Kalimantan Selatan. Pengrajin bedak dingin di kelurahan Pasayangan Kabupaten Banjar, masih bertahan untuk dapat memproduksi juga disebabkan karena ingin mempertahankan tradisi warisan dari orang terdahulu. Melihat potensi dari bedak dingin yang tidak hanya diminati masyarakat lokal tetapi juga diminati oleh masyarakat dari luar daerah berpotensi untuk dapat dikembangkan. Namun produksi bedak dingin apabila musim hujan tidak bisa dilakukan karena proses pengering sangat tergantung dengan sinar matahari. Pupur dingin digunakan untuk melindungi kulit selama bekerja di ladang di bawah terik matahari.
The COVID States Project #48: Assessing the impact of the pause in Johnson & Johnson vaccine use on COVID-19 vaccination intent
Authors: Lazer David , Ognyanova Katherine , Green Jon , Baum Matthew , Perlis Roy H. , Druckman James , Gitomer Adina , Simonson Matthew , Santillana Mauricio , Lin Jennifer , Uslu Ata , Quintana Alexi
Published: May 2021

On April 13, the FDA and CDC recommended a pause in the use of the Johnson and Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine. This followed reports of a rare type of blood clot emerging in a small number of individuals following the use of the vaccine. This action raised serious concerns and criticisms of these agencies that the pause might lead to an increase in vaccine hesitancy and resistance in the United States.1In this report, we evaluate the likely impact of the pause on vaccine resistance. We do this through two types of analyses, both of which took advantage of the fact that we began fielding our survey on April 1st, collecting over 8,000 responses before the April 13th pause, and continued beyond the April 23 suspension of the pause. The first analysis compares responses of individuals who participated in the survey before the pause to those who participated after the pause, to assess whether there was a post-pause change in intentions to vaccinate. For the second analysis, we conducted a smaller “panel” survey following the pause, re-interviewing a subset of respondents who had participated in our survey before April 13th and indicated that they were not yet vaccinated. This allows an evaluation of whether particular individuals changed their view toward vaccination from shortly before the pause to shortly after the pause. Below, we first evaluate the public awareness of the pause, and then turn to analyses of changes in vaccine attitudes in each of these samples.
Artikel ahmad Subaikah
Authors: SUBAIKAH AHMAD
Published: May 2021

Dengan adanya pandemi virus covid 19 ini bertujuan untuk mengharuskan semua orang untuk bisa melakukan adaptasi tentang bagaimana menjalakan aktivitas mereka seperti menjalakan aktivitas pendidikan. Dimana pandemi ini membuat sebuah rencana dalam hal penyesuiaan pendidikan terhadap kemajuan teknologi di zaman modern sekaran ini. Dimana dengan adanya pandemi ini membuat para aktivitas yang melalukan pendidikan seperti peserta didik dan tenaga pengajar mengalami sebuh pemahamaan dalam hal memadukan kemujuan teknologi dengan kegiatan belajar-mengajar dengan tidak membuat siswa datang ke tempat dimana mereka biasa melakukan aktivitas belajar seperti sekolah,tetapi tetap bisa melakukan proses pendidikan melalui jarak jauh dengan metode teknologi.
resume tugas hukum tata negara
Authors: Awal Nur
Published: May 2021

A.PENGERTIAN HUKUM TATA NEGARAHukum tata negara adalah peraturan-peraturan yang menentukan badan-badan yang diperlukan peserta kewenangan masing-masing hubungannya satu sama lain.hukum tata negara juga mengatur semua masyarakat hukum bawahan menurut tingkatannya,hukum tata negara adalah hukum yang mengaturbdan mengenai organisasi negara.dikatakan bahwa Hukum Tata Negara merupakan bagian dari hukum me-ngenai sistem pemerintahan suatu negara. Sebaliknya, ada pengertian yang sempit dari Hukum Tata Negara, seperti dikemukakan oleh Maurice Duverger. Dalam definisinya Maurice mengemukakan bahwa Hukum Tata Negara hanya peraturan mengenai lembaga-lembaga politik (lembaga-lembaga negara) dan fungsi-fungsinya,mengenai kedudukan warga negara tidak dinyatakan secara eksplisit.a.)hubungan dengan ilmu lainnyaruang lingkup kajian hukum tata negara adalah mengenai organisasi negara yang mencakup mengenai lembaga-lembaga negara.hubungan satu dengan yang lain,dengan kekuasannya,selain itu juga,mencakup mengenai warga negara termasuk hak asasi manusia (HAM),dan wilayah negara.b).hubungan HTN dengan ilmu politikhukum negara mempelajari peratura-peraturan hukum yang mengatur organisasi kekuasaan negara sedangkan ilmu politik mempelajari kekuasaan dilihat dari aspek perilaku kekuasaan tersebut.B.SUMBER-SUMBER HUKUM TATA NEGARASumberhukum ialah segala sesuatu yang telah menimbulkan aturan-aturan yang telah menimbulkan aturan-aturan yang mempunyai kekuatan yang bersidat memaksa,artinya yaitu aturan=aturan.sumber hukum dapat dibedakan kedalam dua bagian,yaitu:Sumber hukum dalam arti materialSumber hukum dalam formalSumber hukum materil adalah tempat dari mana materi itu diambil,sumber hukum materil ini merupakan faktor yang membantu pembentukan hukum,misalna hubungan sosial,hubungan kekuatan politik,situasi sosial ekonomis,tradisi (pandangan keagamaan dan kesusilaan),hasil dari penelitian ilmiah (kriminologi dan lalulintas),perkembangan internasional,serta keadaan geografis.ini semua merupakan objek studi penting bagi sosiologoi hukum.
Oxidation or dehydrogenation of alpha-hydroxy acids in bioenergetic metabolism: A murburn perspective
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali
Published: May 2021

Glycolate, lactate, malate, hydroxyglutarate and isocitrate are key alpha-hydroxyacyl metabolic intermediates found in the tissues/cells/organelles of diverse life forms. They are respectively oxidized to glyoxylate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, ketoglutarate and oxalosuccinate in cell bioenergetic metabolism. These molecules form key junction points for divergent pathways of two to six carbon-backboned molecules (of various classes of biomolecules like carbohydrates, amino acids, etc.). The oxido-reduction of the alpha-hydroxyacyl species is traditionally believed to be carried out by reversible (de)hydrogenases, employing nicotinamide cofactors. Herein, I propose that while the reductive pathway can be mediated in a facile manner by the (de)hydrogenases, the oxidative reaction could more efficiently be coupled with murzyme activities, which employ diffusible reactive (oxygen) species (DRS/DROS/ROS). Such a murburn strategy would enable the system to tide over the highly unfavorable energy barriers of the sequential dehydrogenase reaction (~450 kJ/mol, or more!), to give kinetically viable bimolecular reactions catering to cellular needs. Further, such a scheme does not necessitate any ‘intelligent governance’ or ‘smart decision-making’ of/by the pertinent redox enzymes.
Starch-based diet, plant-based diet or fasting may be beneficial to individuals suffering from sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Lin Yuhan , Liao Lipeng , David Chanyuk Lam , Ouyang Jess Lan , Fu Min , Tang Man , Liu Qiuyun
Published: May 2021

High valine plus glycine content is a hallmark of the proteins in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS viruses, and it triggers the formation of aggregates between the two amino acid residues and calcium oxalate. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals suffer from breathing difficulties. Human proteins with high valine plus glycine percentages can be induced during infection and these proteins may be partially retained in the body post-infection, giving rise to sequelae after disease recovery. To ameliorate such problems, starch-based diet, plant-based diet, or intermittent fasting with boiled rice water or fruit juice may be favorable to patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infections as they limit the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids. Lysine supplement can be beneficial as lysine rich proteins attract chloride and solubilize insoluble and stiff calcium oxalate. However, clinical trials must be conducted to fully justify the use of lysine.
Gambaran Penanggulangan Penyakit Tuberkulosis di Indonesia
Authors: Barus Hana Theresia , Ainaya Nabila Aulia
Published: May 2021

TB merupakan satu dari 10 penyebab kematian dan penyebab utama agen infeksius. Secara global, berdasarkan Global Tuberculosis Report tahun 2017, terdapat 6,4 juta kasus TB baru yang terlaporkan. Jumlah ini meningkat dari tahun 2013, dimana hanya 5,7–5,8 juta kasus baru yang dilaporkan setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia,pada tahun 2017 jumlah kasus tuberkulosis sebanyak 425.089 kasus, meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2016 yang sebanyak 360.565 kasus. Jumlah kasus tertinggi yang dilaporkan terdapat di provinsi dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar yaitu Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, dan Jawa Tengah.
Powerlessness corrupts? Disproportionate monitoring of low-power actors
Authors: Overbeck Jen , Tost Leigh , Wazlawek Abbie
Published: May 2021

Monitoring is a common tactic used to constrain the behavior of organizational actors. Agency theory research on monitoring focuses at the institutional level on factors such as incentives, contracts, or self-interest, largely directed at those with high power. At the same time, significant monitoring is clearly directed at low-power workers, whose performance and compliance behaviors may be rigidly controlled; arguably, the degree to which monitoring is directed at low-power more than at high-power actors is disproportionate. In this paper, we examine a psychological predictor of decisions about whom to monitor: Specifically, we contend that people’s judgments of someone’s ethicality and thereby trustworthiness are predicted by the target’s power; and these inferences on the basis of power affect decisions about whom to monitor. As a consequence, institutions may excuse powerful actors from the monitoring requirements that should constrain any ethical lapses. That is, an overly credulous view of the powerful or misdirected suspicion toward the powerless may create conditions that enable abuses by the powerful. We examine these predictions in a series of 5 studies (3 experiments and 2 field studies). Our findings challenge the notion that people subscribe to a “power corrupts” view in evaluating powerholders, and our research highlights how the very mechanism organizations put in place to constrain powerholders’ behaviors (i.e., monitoring) may, because of psychological biases in power-based inferences, be directed away from the intended targets.
Tapping into the potential of remote developmental research: introducing the OxfordBabylab app
Authors: Gillen Nicola A , Siow Serene , Lepadatu Irina , Sucevic Jelena , Plunkett Kim , Duta Mihaela
Published: May 2021

The widespread use of mobile touchscreen devices in the home provides the opportunity to conduct remote experimental research with toddlers. We present a study aiming to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using a mobile app for running alternative forced choice tasks with toddlers in the home. The parents of 153 toddlers aged between 12 and 36 months first completed the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) as a measure of their child’s vocabulary, and then completed a receptive vocabulary task with their child on their own mobile device. We evaluated the feasibility in terms of completion and engagement scores and the efficacy in terms of response systematicity. Our results show that it is both feasible and effective to use parents' own mobile devices to run a study with toddlers in their home. Toddlers were successfully engaged and their responses reflected their integration of the audio-visual context presented. We also introduce our OxfordBabylab app, a cross-platform mobile app which implements a customisable template for alternative forced choice tasks.
Birth cohort changes in fertility ideals: Evidence from repeated cross-sectional surveys in Finland
Authors: Savelieva Kateryna , Nitsche Natalie , Berg Venla , Miettinen Anneli , Rotkirch Anna , Jokela Markus
Published: May 2021

Since the great recession, fertility has been declining steeply in some high-income countries. It is, however, unknown whether the ideal number of children, a key predictor of fertility behaviour, has also declined, either in parallel or prior to fertility decline. Finland is known for its supportive family policies, but is among those countries, which have experienced drastic and poorly understood fertility decline over the last decade. Using repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Finnish Family Barometers, we examined birth cohort changes in ideal number of children among men and women born in 1970–94. Our findings indicate that the ideal number of children was lower among more recent compared to earlier birth cohorts. This difference in fertility ideals was driven by larger proportions of those preferring to remain childless among the recent birth cohorts. This suggests that attitudes of Finns towards childbearing have changed and may contribute to recent fertility decline.
Cross-National Measures of the Intensity of COVID-19 Public Health Policies
Authors: Kubinec Robert , Barceló Joan , Goldszmidt Rafael , Grujic Vanja , Model Timothy , Schenk Caress , Cheng Cindy , Hale Thomas , Hartnett Allison Spencer , Messerschmidt Luca , Petherick Anna , Thorvaldsdottir Svanhildur
Published: May 2021

We present six new indices that measure the intensity of government responses to COVID-19 within distinct policy domains: social distancing, schools, businesses, health monitoring, health resources and mask wearing. We create these measures by combining two of the most comprehensive COVID-19 datasets, the CoronaNet COVID-19 Government Response Event Dataset and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, using a Bayesian time-varying measurement model. Our daily indices track policymakers' policy intensity to each of these policy domains from 1 January, 2020 to 14 January, 2021, for over 180 countries. In creating these measures, we are able to provide aggregate summaries of policy-making activities which captures the intensity of a country's government response to COVID-19 in a given policy domain. Using these measures, we are able to clarify findings on the role of lockdowns in preventing infections in the early pandemic period. In terms of policy adoption, we show that more democratic countries and countries with greater levels of economic interdependence tend to have less intense policy responses to the pandemic.
A new theory of social roles in networks
Authors: Roller Ramona , Schweitzer Frank
Published: May 2021

Theories of social roles neglect social clusters. However, accounting for clusters is essential because individuals in social networks (e.g., social media) cannot oversee the whole network and have to restrict their interactions to local substructures. Roles that do not account for this cluster formation may lead to misinterpretations of the network’s dynamics and functions. This article proposes a theory of social roles in large social networks. We group roles detected in previous empirical studies into meta-roles and embed them along two dimensions, strategicness describing whether the person works towards a particular goal or not, and the type of strategy (selfish or group-oriented). We extend this framework by adding a cluster dimension describing to what extent a person’s interactions are embedded locally or globally in the network. We argue that empirical role analyses would benefit from our theory by systematically accounting for complex structures specific to the network perspective, generalising empirical findings beyond individual case studies, and understanding human interactions better.
PENGEMBANGAN WISATA ALAM DENGAN PENDEKATAN BIAYA PERJALANAN
Authors: Safri Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Menurut hemat penulis, penerbitan buku sejenis relatif masih sangat sedikit. Hal demikian menjadi dorongan tersendiri bagi kami untuk ikut memberikan sumbangan ilmu pengetahuan yang mungkin bermanfaat bagi kalangan akademisi maupun masyarakat umum lainnya. Pendekatan biaya perjalanan hanyalah sebagai sebagai satu alat penilaian dalam valuasi ekonomi lingkungan, dengan demikian uraian dalam buku ini akan dapat ikut menambah khasanah pemikiran dan penerapannya dalam kebijakan nyata.
DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA ALAM TERHADAP MASYARAKAT SEKITAR
Authors: Safri Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Penulisan buku dampak pengembangan pariwisata alam terhadap masyarakat sekitar lokasi objek pariwisata alam tidak lain diharapkan agar kegiatan parwisata dimaksud dapat lebih bermanfaat bagi masyarakat setempat, benar-benar dapat terwujud. Seandainya kegiatan pariwiasata alam tersebut dinilai dan dirasakan manfaatnya oleh masayakat sekitar, maka meraka akan merasa memiliki serta secara otomatis ikut berpartisipasi menjaga kelestarian lingkungan alami.
Reporte de un Caso: Perforación Sigmoidea por Cuerpo Extraño
Authors: Yepez Yerovi Fabián , Loaiza Merino Iván , García Sánchez Cristian
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El cuerpo extraño en el recto-sigma es una patología poco frecuente con múltiples causas, siendo variado en su forma, tamaño y naturaleza; en la gran mayoría esta se resuelve por una salida espontánea y su correcta vigilancia, pero a la vez existen varias complicaciones tales como obstrucción intestinal, infección y perforación lo cual nos llevará a tener un tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia. La vía rectal es la causa principal de hallazgos de cuerpos extraños seguidos de la vía oral en segundo lugar y en tercer lugar con baja frecuencia la migración de órganos vecinos por varias causas como presencia de fístulas.
De tal manera que pocos pacientes admiten la introducción de objetos por vía anal, el profesional médico debe sospechar si hay la presencia de dolor pélvico, abdominal bajo y dolor perineal; además de la presencia de proctorragia, y a la palpación que pueda o no existir presencia de masa abdominal, todo esto corroborando antecedentes en la historia clínica que se puede mostrar incongruente e inespecífica y el paciente sea poco colaborador.
Objetivo: Describir el abordaje clínico quirúrgico de un paciente con perforación sigmoidea por cuerpo extraño.
Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico de perforación sigmoidea por cuerpo extraño.
Resultados: Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente ingresado en la casa de salud, por presencia de dolor abdominal acompañado de una masa abdominal a la palpación, se diagnostica la presencia de un cuerpo extraño rectal y se procede a realizar una cirugía de emergencia, evidenciando en el acto quirúrgico presencia de cuerpo extraño (botella plástica) con perforación sigmiodea con extracción por sitio de la perforación.
Conclusiones: Los cuerpos extraños tras anales son relativamente frecuentes, son susceptibles a sufrir alguna complicación lo que nos amerita a tomar una resolución quirúrgica de emergencia. Una vez que se haya diagnosticado la patología el manejo siempre es la extracción del cuerpo extraño, con el uso de las diferentes técnicas que ameriten el cuadro y ayude a la extracción del mismo y mejore la morbilidad del paciente.
Assessing the knowledge of trainee residents for liver involvement and related issues in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Qadeer Muhammad Ali , Abbas Zaigham , Asim Muhammad , Ali Shoukat , Altaf Abeer
Published: May 2021

Background: Regular educational activities have suffered since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. New data has been emerging regularly regarding COVID-19 and the optimal way of care for patients with COVID-19 infection. Emphasis upon dispensing knowledge in current pandemic times should be made.
Aims and Objective: We assessed the knowledge of internal medicine and gastroenterology trainees regarding liver involvement and related issues in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This online survey comprised of 10 questions designed to examine the basic knowledge of Sars-Cov-2 virus, knowledge regarding liver involvement in COVID-19, and the ability to decide on patient care.
Results: A total of 100 responses were collected. Most of the responses were from Pakistan (n=75). More than 80% of trainees responded correctly regarding the accurate indication of endoscopic procedures during COVID-19 pandemic, absence of ACE-II receptor expression on astrocytes, upper respiratory secretions being an eligible sample for SARSCOV- II, avoiding regular outpatient follow up, avoiding hydroxychloroquine as a prophylactic drug, and azithromycin in decompensated cirrhosis, continuing beta-blockers and lactulose in a decompensated patient, melena being an accurate indication for screening endoscopy and the choosing right set of PPEs. Less than 50% of responders knew correctly regarding NAFLD being a notorious factor for COVID-19 related complications, ACE-II receptor expression by cholangiocytes and enterocytes, saliva and stool being an eligible sample for SARS-COV-II detection, palliative approach as an appropriated management step for decompensated-CLD patients and history of ascites as an appropriate indication for screening endoscopy. GItrainees performed better in some areas of knowledge.
Conclusions: Trainees were updated in many aspects of the recent guidance in the management of COVID-19 but there were many lacunae in the knowledge. So, continuous medical education activities are essential to keep the residents updated about the changing developments in the management of COVID-19.
Calling out the COVID blues- how much of a psychological impact does the COVID-19 pandemic have on health care professionals in India
Authors: Halder Arghya , Ghosh Ambarish , Mondal Nikhiles , Desai Birva , Das Priyanka , Maity Satyabrata
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is one of the rarest health crises the world has ever encountered. As mental health professionals; we need to consider the psychological impact of the pandemic. There are certain groups of people that are largely more vulnerable to pernicious effects on mental health including frontline healthcare workers. Hence, the current study was undertaken look into the minds of our covid warriors.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among health care professionals, with the primary objectives being to study: 1. Perceived stress regarding COVID-19 pandemic among health care professionals. 2. Stigma associated with the pandemic, faced by health care professionals in their surroundings as well as in the society. 3. Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms among the health care professionals. The secondary objective of the study is to compare between High and Low exposure groups on the basis of different variables.
Materials and Methods: This study is an observational, cross-sectional study wherein the sample size is 410, taken by consequent sampling. Data was collected from health care professionals all over India, by manual or digital interview. Health care professionals of a tertiary care hospital were taken up for the study including doctors, nurses and other hospital staff.
Results: On K10 scale, 369 (90%) of the subjects had scores below 25, meaning they reported to have no or mild perceived stress, whereas 41 of them (10%) had scores 25 or above, meaning to have moderate or severe perceived stress. Forty (9.8%) subjects reported to be experiencing panic symptoms at the time of the interview. One hundred twenty-eight (31.2%) admitted to have faced stigma from the society in at least one of the facets of the questionnaire based on SARI stigma scale. 39 people (9.5%) reported to be experiencing OC symptoms at the time of interview.
Conclusion: With this research we conclude that owing to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the health care professionals are under a lot of stress, many of them have also experienced panic like symptoms. Large scale screenings should be carried out at regular intervals at hospitals to keep a check on the mental health of health care workers. Mental health should be given a priority by the government officials and sufficient awareness campaigns should be rolled out.
A study on the age related anatomical variations of some of the cerebral cortical sulci of human brain
Authors: Anuraj Deepthi , George Anne , Abraham Riya , George Neenu
Published: May 2021

Background: The sulcal patterns may be useful in studying the mechanisms of both neuro developmental and neuro degenerative changes that occur during brain maturation and ageing. Magnetic resonance imaging has facilitated the non-invasive study of human cerebral and cognitive development.
Aims and Objective: To find out the age related anatomical variations of some of the cerebral cortical sulci and gyri of the brain.
Materials and Methods: The study was done using the MRI images of brain of normal healthy adults aged between 20-70 years. A total of 200 images were analysed consisting of that from 119 male subjects and 81 female subjects from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College Kottayam.
Results: Using statistical analysis it was found that as the age advances there was decrease in the depth, in case of central sulcus, pre-central sulcus and post-central sulcus. The width of the pre-central sulcus and post-central sulcus was found to increase with age. The changes in the width of the central sulcus were not significant.
Conclusion: The observations of the undertaken study indicated that age changes do occur in the sulci ofthe brain and there was a sequential change in relation to the different periods of adult life. These changes are probably due to the volume loss of the brain due to the atrophy that occurs during aging.
Management of orbital floor fractures-A case series
Authors: Shanmugam Devakumari , Thanasekar Vijhayapriya
Published: May 2021

Orbital floor fractures are the most challenging fractures to be managed in maxillofacial region. They are diagnosed in isolation or in combination with mid face fractures, Lefort fractures and zygomatic fractures. The treatment depends on the displacement of the fractured bones and the manifestations of muscle entrapment elicited by clinical examination and radiographic assessment. The timing of repair is of paramount importance and decided on the case to case basis. Proper surgical approach along with appropriate implant placement is the key to success. This paper describes a series of 11 patients operated in IGMC&RI, Puducherry for orbital floor fractures from 2010 to 2019.
Spectrum of AIDS-defining Opportunistic Infections among Anti-retroviral treatment-naïve HIV-seropositive Cases in Northeast India
Authors: Singh Ranjan Kumar
Published: May 2021

This is Letter to the Editor
Auditory Hallucinations: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Brahmbhatt Mehul , Vankar Ganpat Kodarbhai , Parikh Minakshi Nimesh
Published: May 2021

Background: Auditory hallucinations are common feature in psychotic disorder and have also given diagnostic importance. These hallucinations can be rated on different dimensions both quantitatively and qualitatively, so here comes phenomenological aspect. Study of phenomenological aspects may lead to more understanding about them and further can help in management of distressing auditory hallucinations.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the current study was as follows- 1. To explore the phenomenology of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. 2. To find out clinical correlation of auditory hallucination with other psychotic symptoms. 3. To find out factor structure of PSYRATS (Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale) and their correlation with PANSS and its subscales.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients, who had schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses attending general hospital psychiatry unit in India having auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) in last seven days were studied. Phenomenology was assessed by using Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Pearson correlation for the psychotic symptoms, Dimensions of psychotic symptoms on PSYRATS were explored by principal component analysis.
Results: In study 82% patients had schizophrenia. More than one third patients heard voices continuously, in more than two-third patients voices were coming from outside head only, had no control over them, and had same loudness as one’s own voice. One third patients had AVH (Auditory Verbal Hallucinations) with all negative content, 19% had AVH commanding nature. 79% had delusions, 96% had hallucinatory behavior. Bipolar index showed dominance of positive symptoms. 80% reported depression. On principal component analysis three factors found, all three factors were positively correlated with positive subscale and total PANSS score. None of three factors were correlated with negative subscale of PANSS.
Conclusion: In this study of AVH phenomenology among schizophrenia spectrum disorders, most dimensions of AVH correlated well with one another. On principal component analysis three factor structure of PSYRATS was found.