bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La propuesta de Polo: la muerte se debe al límite mental
Authors: García González Juan A.
Published: March 2020

La doctrina de Polo sobre la muerte afirma que se debe al límite mental. El objetivo de este trabajo es aclarar esa afirmación exponiendo la noción de cuerpo propio como un hecho enigmático, que late bajo el límite mental; y que por ello mismo puede faltar: su falta es la muerte. La libertad personal no informa suficientemente el cuerpo, sino que lo da por hecho; y como el propio cuerpo escapa así de su completo dominio, le puede ser expropiado a la persona. La falta del propio cuerpo es la muerte; y sin su propio cuerpo, la persona humana sale del mundo y deja la historia.
El desgarrador canto a la muerte. Análisis filosófico de la obra de Federico García Lorca
Authors: Luque Moya Gloria
Published: March 2020

La muerte es un asunto central en la obra de Federico García Lorca, que llego a convertirse en una obsesión que impregnó su bibliografía al completo. Este tema, común entre otros poetas y escritores de la época, adquiere un tamiz especial de la mano del literato que afronta y reflexiona sobre la misma a través de sus poemas y piezas teatrales. Este artículo plantea un análisis filosófico sobre la muerte en las páginas de Lorca, haciendo un recorrido por las principales obras dedicadas a este tema. Para ello, en primer lugar, se muestra la posición de Lorca ante la muerte y su forma de tratarla. Después, se analizará la visión de la muerte en sus poemas y piezas teatrales. A modo de conclusión, me gustaría destacar cómo la obra del poeta no considera la muerte desde una perspectiva trágica de la vida sino desde una filosofía de la creación.
Las bases neurológicas de la aritmética. Una aproximación al pensamiento de S. Dehane
Authors: Caba Antonio
Published: March 2020

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Origin of Saddle Dolomite in Aqra - Bekhma Formation (Upper Campanain - Mastrichtian), Bekhma Gorge Area, North Iraq
Authors: Al-Ani Ali Mohand Naji , Al-Nuaimi Suhad Khalaf Abdul-Raaziq
Published: March 2020

Thirty-four dolomite and dolomitic limestone samples were collected from Aqra â€“ Bekhma (It is difficult to separate the two formations as they are intervening) Formation in Bekhma Gorge area near Shaqlawa in northern Iraq. Alizarin red - s was used to distinguish calcite from dolomite. The saddle dolomite was recognized as a virtually rough crystalline material with milky-white or rosy color when seen in outcrop. In addition, we observed a pearl luster and a characteristically marred crystal building that is, in principle, described as damaged crystal faces with cleavage planes, while microscopically it appeared as a widespread extinction. The crystal faces, although well advanced, are frequently pavement-like facets.
On The Mathematical Model of Two- Prey and Two-Predator Species
Authors: Frahan A. G.
Published: March 2020

In this work, we study two species of predator with two species of prey model, where the two species of prey live in two diverse habitats and have the ability to group-defense. Only one of the two predators tends to switch between the habitats. The mathematical model has at most 13 possible equilibrium points, one of which is the point of origin, two are axial, tow are interior points and the others are boundary points. The model with , where n is the switching index, is discussed regarding the boundedness of its solutions and the local stability of its equilibrium points. In addition, a basin of attraction was created for the interior point. Finally, three numerical examples were given to support the theoretical results.
A Study on n-Derivation in Prime Near â€“ Rings
Authors: Adhab Enaam Farhan
Published: March 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to show that zero symmetric prime near-rings, satisfying certain identities on n-derivations, are commutative rings.
Least Squares Estimations for the General Linear Model Parameters with Epsilon Skew Normal Error Term
Authors: Nashoor Hussain Karim , Abdulah Ebtisam Karim
Published: March 2020

Examination of skewness makes academics more aware of the importance of accurate statistical analysis. Undoubtedly, most phenomena contain a certain percentage of skewness which resulted to the appearance of what is -called "asymmetry" and, consequently, the importance of the skew normal family . The epsilon skew normal distribution ESN (Î¼, Ïƒ, Îµ) is one of the probability distributions which provide a more flexible model because the skewness parameter provides the possibility to fluctuate from normal to skewed distribution. Theoretically, the estimation of linear regression model parameters, with an average error value that is not zero, is considered a major challenge due to having difficulties, as no explicit formula to calculate these estimates can be obtained. Practically, values for these estimates can be obtained only by referring to numerical methods. This research paper is dedicated to estimate parameters of the Epsilon Skew Normal General Linear Model (ESNGLM) using an adaptive least squares method, as along with the employment of the ordinary least squares method for estimating parameters of the General Linear Model (GLM). In addition, the coefficient of determination was used as a criterion to compare the modelsâ€™ preference. These methods were applied to real data represented by dollar exchange rates. The Matlab software was applied in this work and the results showed that the ESNGLM represents a satisfactory model.
Duo Gamma Modules and Full Stability
Authors: Abbas Mehdi S. , Hamad Balsam M.
Published: March 2020

In this work we study gamma modules which are implying full stability or implying by full stability. A gamma module is fully stable if for each gamma submodule of and each homomorphism of into . Many properties and characterizations of these classes of gamma modules are considered. We extend some results from the module to the gamma module theories.
Decision Making Methods in Comparative Studies of Complex Economic Processes Management
Authors: Nermend Kesra , Piwowarski Mateusz , Borawski Mariusz
Published: March 2020

In this study different methodological approaches are used and described by many features (indicators) of complex socio-economic process. Outcome of analysis has the most reliable and acceptable representation of the studied process specific to chosen case. In order to solve problems in this area (depending on the situation, case under consideration), methods from two groups are most often used: multidimensional comparative analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The first of these cases concern problems at the macro level (socio-economic development, demographic situation, population's living standards, etc.), in which the decisionmaker's participation is relatively small (eg the selection of diagnostic variables or expert assessment). The second of these groups include issues in which the decisionmaker's participation is significant which are subjective to the decisions taken and reflects his or her preferences. Among the decision support methods, one can also distinguish those that have both the characteristics of methods from the area of multidimensional comparative analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The article presents the combination of both trends exposing maximum possibilities of using selected methods used in the decision making by Polish schools. The general methodological assumptions, advantages of having approaches discussed (in relation to other known methods) as well as the applied aspects (exemplary applications) also presented.
Image Classification Schemes Based on Sliced Radial Energy Distribution of DFT and the Statistical Moments of Haar Wavelet
Authors: Abbas Hashim , George Loay E.
Published: March 2020

Texture recognition is used in various pattern recognition applications and texture classification that possess a characteristic appearance. This research paper aims to provide an improved scheme to provide enhanced classification decisions and to decrease processing time significantly. This research studied the discriminating characteristics of textures by extracting them from various texture images using discrete Haar transform (DHT) and discrete Fourier transform DFT. Two sets of features are proposed; the first set was extracted using the traditional DFT, while the second used DHT. The features from the Fourier domain are calculated using the radial distribution of spectra, while for those extracted from Haar Wavelet the statistical distribution of various relative moments was adopted. Four types of Euclidean distance metrics were used for classification decisionpurposes. The considered method was applied on 475 classes of textures belonged to 32 sets from Salzburg Texture Image Database, each set holding 16 images per class, so the a total of 7600 images were tested. Each image was separated into seven bands of color component (i.e., red, green, blue, and grayâ€¦.). Concepts of average and standard deviation were calculated to determine the inter/intra scatter analysis for each feature to find out the best discriminating features that can be used.The final result of DHT was 99.98 for the testing sets and 99.71 for the training sets, while the final result of DFT was 98.63 for the testing sets and 93.74 for the training sets.
Colistin Susceptibility in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae and their Ability of Biofilm Formation
Authors: Kadum Sarab Murad
Published: March 2020

A total of 157 clinical samples were collected from different clinical specimens (urine, sputum, blood, swabs, and cannula) from several hospitals in Iraq. Among the samples, 51 isolates (32.48%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphologicaland cultural characteristics as well as the Enterosystem 18R test. Higher numbers of K. pneumoniae isolates were observed in urine samples (26, 52%) than the other samples, and in females (70.6%) than males (29.4%) (female: male ratio of about 2.4:1). Antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae against 12 commonly used antibiotics was determined through the disc-diffusion method. The results revealed a higher resistance rate in 51 isolates (100%) against Cephalexin, followed by Ceftazidime (50, 98%), while the lowest resistance rate (24, 47%) was against each of Imipenem and Meropenem. Also, the investigation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Colistin using E-test (strips) demonstrated that 33 isolates were resistance, as compared to 31 using the disk diffusion assay. DNA was extracted from K. pneumoniae isolates and molecularly tested using polymerase chain technique (PCR) with a specific primer and 108 bp product to detect the rpoB gene that represents this bacteria . Also, all of the 51 isolates of K. pneumoniae identified by the rpoB gene were detected for the expression of the Colistin drug resistance gene mgr-B , which was amplified (347 bp) using a specific primer. Colistin resistance gene mgr-B was amplified and sequenced from the twenty isolates. Only 6 isolates appeared with a single nucleotide substitution; G instead A, A instead G, C instead G and G instead C. Also, this study tested biofilm formation from K. pneumoniae isolates , using the microtiter plate method, in association with Colistin and Carbapenem resistant. The Colistin and Carbapenem resistance pattern was compared to the ability of biofilm-formation as weak formation versus strong and also, Multi-drug resistant isolates were more common among weak versus strong biofilm formers.
Uranium Concentration in Some Medical Herbs
Authors: Najam Laith Ahmed , Tawfiq Nada F. , Younis Enas M. , Abdual Aziz Ibtisam M.
Published: March 2020

Uranium concentration and the annual committed effective dose in some selected medicinal plants commonly used in Iraq have been determined using fission tracks technique etch in twelve medical plants samples using CR-39 track detector. The results show that the uranium concentration ranged from 0.044Â±0.021 ppm in Thyme sample to 0.2Â±0.03 ppm in Black Pepper and Cardamom samples with an average value of 0.14 Â±0.0 4ppm. The average annual effective dose due to ingestion of uranium radionuclide was 13.77x10 -5 mSv/y, which is below the world average annual committed effective dose of 0.3 mSv/y for ingestion of natural radionuclides.
Evaluation and Comparison of Temperature-Based Models for The Prediction of The Monthly Average of Daily Global Solar Radiation for Baghdad City- Iraq
Authors: Ajil Awras H.
Published: March 2020

The solar energy is the major source of power for the future and an important source of renewable energy in Iraq and the world. Suitable climate conditions for solar energy are available in Iraq, especially the high temperature in the summer season which extends for more than six months in the year. Hence, the global solar radiation is abundant with high intensity, which is very essential in applicable models for researchers and solar applications. Therefore, nine first-order regression empirical equations of Angstrom-type correlations were used to estimate the more appropriate global solar radiation model for Baghdad city. Two equations were developed empirically in this work, using the most available and easy to get meteorological data, which is the temperature value in various forms. The results of the comparison between the real and calculated values showed reasonable agreement for most equations (including the development of R2- at 99%) as well as the least values of types of errors RMSE and MBE. As an exception, two equations of models failed in this study because of inability to apply to such climate conditions of Baghdad city.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANEMIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA ON THE BACKGROUND TO THE GLEEVEC AND HYDREA THERAPY
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine № 3, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Urakov Komron Zokirovich , Melnikova Victoria Yurievna ,   Department of Internal Medicine № 3, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Khodzhieva Gulnora Boboevna ,   Department of Internal Medicine № 3, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study the manifestations of anemia syndrome in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) depending on the stage of the disease and on the background of Gleevec, Hydrea and anti-anemic drugs. Methods: 117 patients with CML aged 16 to 85 years were examined. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 99 patients who received hydroxyurea (Hydrea), the second group – 18 patients who received imatinib (Gleevec). As a baseline therapy, patients in the first group took Hydrea at a dose of 500 mg per day, depending on the number of white blood cells; the dose of the Hydrea was adjusted from 1 to 3 capsules 3 times a day. Patients of the II group in the chronic phase were assigned Gleevec at a dose of 400 mg/day, and in the phase of accelerated and blast crisis – 600-800 mg/day for 5-32 months. At the level of hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 100g/l patients of both groups were prescribed the drug recombinant erythropoietin – Epoetin alpha (EPO, repretin). The drug was administered subcutaneously 200 IU 2-3 times a week. The duration of EPO therapy was, on average, 10.1±4.6 days. Results: The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by increasing the level of Hb to 120 g/l or increasing its level by 20 g/l or more. In the chronic phase of CML, anemia was detected in a small number of patients, Hb averaged 101.4± 8.9 g/l, while in the accelerating phase Hb was reduced to 92.1± 3.1 g/l. This was especially evident during the blast crisis when the HB level reached 70.6±2.6 g/l. The characteristic was the reduction of reticulocytes in parallel with the progression of the disease (1,0±0,5-0,6±0,1). Leukocytosis is the chronic stage was 98.2±25.2×109 /l, and with the transition to the stage of accelerating there was its increase to 115.7±12.5×109 /l. In the case of the development of the blast crisis in the terminal stage, leukocytosis reached 121.3 to 17.5×109 /l. Conclusion: The severity of the manifestations of the anemic syndrome in patients with CML depends both on the stage of the disease and on the quality of the therapy. In a comparative aspect, slightly more favorable results were obtained in the group of patients receiving a combination of Gleevec and EPO. Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukemia , chronic stage, stage of accelerating, recombinant erythropoietin, Gleevec, Hydrea, anemic syndrome.
STRATEGY OF DIFFERENTIATED MULTI-STAGE THERAPY OF PROXIMAL SPINAL AMIOTROPHY IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Republican Clinical Center for Neurorehabilitation, Shaymurzin Mark Rafisovich
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess the results of the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in children using international scales of physical capacity assessment and computer electroneuromyography on different stages of the disease. Methods: 95 children with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of proximal SMA from Donetsk region and other regions of Ukraine, as well as neighboring countries were under observation. All patients, depending on the therapy, were divided into two groups: the main group consisted of 65 children (68.4%), who received treatment based on the method developed by us; the control group comprised 30 children (31.6%) who received general therapy incorporating drugs from the metabolite group in age dosages and symptomatic drugs. Results: An interim evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy was carried out after 2 years, the final assessment – based on 4 years of catamnesis observation by statistical processing of patient’s physical performance assessments. According to the interim and final results, the severity of the clinical condition is reliably higher in patients of the control group with the SMA II and III type. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to the evaluation of the treatment of SMA, both from a clinical and additional research perspective, effectively promotes differentiated phases selecting therapies aimed at slowing down the pathological process, preventing complications and improving the quality of life. Keywords: Spinal muscular atrophy, children, electroneuromyography , non-drug and drug therapy.
SOME ISSUES OF ACCESSIBILITY AND QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE FOR THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Preventive Medicine of Tajikistan, Gaibov Amonullo Gaibovich , Mirzoali Nazrullo Talbakzod ,   Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Karimzoda Kholmakhmad Karim ,   National Laboratory of Public Healthcare, Tursunov Rustam Abdusamadovich ,   Scientific Research Institute of Preventive Medicine of Tajikistan
Published: March 2020

Objective: Scientifically substantiate some of the issues of accessibility and quality of primary health care (PHC) to the rural population in Tajikistan. Methods: Industry programs, regulatory documents in the field of healthcare and social protection of the population, reports of international experts, related infrastructure, staffing, population relationship with rural health care facilities were analyzed. Information-analytical, sociological, retrospective and expert research methods were used. Results: Presented the three-level system of providing health services to the population of rural areas. The staffing of rural health centers with physicians has increased by 10% in recent years and by 20% for paramedical personnel. The main health problems of rural residents are: long waits for the arrival of a specialty doctor (40%), low qualifications of doctors (25%), poor provision with modern medical equipment (50%), high cost of services (50%), as well as lack of medicines, irresponsibility and negligence of health workers. Conclusion: The logistics of PHC institutions need to be improved, quality monitoring and evaluation of these institutions across the country should be carried out, and direct follow-up efforts to improve their availability of both outpatient and inpatient care for rural populations. Keywords: Rural healthcare, medical care, medical staff , public health, the quality of care.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHOTREXATE AND LEFLUNOMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CAREFUL CONTROL BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF «TREAT TO TARGET» STRATEGY
Authors:   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Bekmurodzoda Sulton Begmurod , Sharifov Kuvvatali Orifovich ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Madzhonov Makhvash Mirzoalievna ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Saidov Yor Umarovich ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Makhmudov Khayom Ruziboevich ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study and evaluate in a comparative aspect the effectiveness of methotrexate (MT) and leflunomide (LEF) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have indicators of adverse «Treat to target – T2T» strategy. Methods: Monitoring and comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy of modern basic anti-inflammatory drugs in 104 patients with active RA, which, depending on the character of the therapy was randomized and divided into three groups: I (n=34) – Metoject group (MTJ), II (n=36) – MT group and III (n=34) – LEF group. Results: Against the background of the therapy of MTJ, MT and LEF, the patients surveyed showed a statistically significant decrease in both clinicallaboratory activity indicators of RA and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha – TNFα, interleukin-6 – IL-6), the positive results of which were most vividly represented in patients of the MTJ group. By the time the study is completed (after 12 months), most patients have achieved the ultimate goal of therapy – a state of low disease activity/remission – and this figure, for I, II and III groups consisted of 78.2%, 73.1% and 44% respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study show a satisfactory performance/tolerability profile of MTJ, MT and LEF in an intensive mode in conditions of close scrutiny based on T2T strategy. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, metoject, methotrexate, leflunomide, treatment , T2T strategy.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANEMIA AND HEART DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Department of Hospital Therapy, Kazan State Medical University, Feyskhanova Lyutsiya Iskhakovna , Sukhorukova Elena Vasilievna ,   Department of Rheumatology, Republican Clinical Hospital, Akhmetzyanova Aygul Ildarovna ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the impact of anemia on the structural-geometrical condition of the heart in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: 154 patients with RA were included in the study: 37 patients with anemia (1st group) and 117 – without systemic manifestations of RA (2nd group). All patients underwent echocardiography. Results: Both groups were comparable in age, sex, ratio of seropositive and seronegative patients. A comparative analysis of both groups revealed that in 1st group DAS28 was higher than in 2nd group (p<0.05). The left ventricular myocardial mass index was higher in 1st group than in the 2nd group (p<0.05). The same applies to the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter: in patients with anemia, it was more than in patients without it (p<0.05). Our results suggest that patients with anemia often have a violation of diastolic myocardial function, which is accompanied by an increase in myocardial mass. The correlation analysis in both groups revealed a direct relationship between age and left ventricular mass index (r=0.62, p<0.0005), inverse relationship between age and E/a parameter of mitral valve (r=-0.71, p<0.00001). In addition, in 1st group we revealed the inverse relationship between DAS28 and E/a parameter of tricuspid valve (r=-0.43, p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, regardless of the presence of anemia, the patients with RA observed dependence of structural and functional changes in the heart of age: a violation of diastolic function of the left ventricle, an increase of the left ventricular myocardial mass index. However, in patients with anemia, an increase in the activity of the disease is accompanied by diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle that requires correction in patient management process. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, echocardiography, diastolic dysfunction.
ABOUT SIMPLE ANTI-DIABETIC REMEDIES BY AVICENNA
Authors:   Department of Innovative Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine of the Center for Research in Innovative Technologies, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Sharofova Mizhgona Umedzhonovna
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study the principles of the use of anti-diabetic drugs in the medical system of Avicenna based on the features of the «mizaj» of medicines. Methods: For the analysis the understanding of the Avicenna processes of diabetes genesis, the treatment of diabetes and its prevention, screening of his works was carried out: all the books of the five-volume «Canon of Medicine», medical treatises «Al-Vohiya» («Recipe Code»), «Ash-Shifa» («Book of Healing»), «The Treatise on Medical Care», «The Treatise on Medicines», «The Treatise on Heart Medication», «The Treatise on Pulse». Results: Screening of Avicenna’s works allowed allocating 84 medicines used for diabetes therapy and prevention. Most of the remedies have plant origins, including gums and gum-resins. The list also contains mineral and animal remedies. Most anti-diabetic remedies on Avicenna have «hot nature», i.e. warming and leaching properties. Cooling action with «cold nature» products was aimed at reducing the body’s fluid loss in diabetes. The combination of Avicenna’s various remedies recommended balances their effects on the body and alternating their use will add the correction of the «mizaj» in diabetes. Conclusion: Treatment of diabetes, as a condition of poly-morbidity with numerous metabolic disorders, requires taking into account the relationship between multicomponent phytochemical composition, the versatility of the range of therapeutic actions of natural origin remedies and the features of the «mizaj» of the patient’s body Keywords: «Canon of Medicine», antidiabetic medicines, Avicenna, «mizaj», «hot nature».
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND MORBIDITY OF THE POPULATION WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Department of General and Clinical Epidemiology, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Yrysova Mirgul Bakirbaevna , Kasymov Omor Tilegenovich ,   Scientific Production Association «Preventive Medicine»
Published: March 2020

Objective: Assessing the dynamics of the long-term trend of prevalence and primary incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) among different populations of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). Methods: The main source of information for assessing the incidence of the population of CVD was data from the National Medical Information Center (NMIC) of the Ministry of Healthcare. Retrospective epidemiological study of the prevalence and primary incidence of CVD in the long-term dynamics of 2002-2017 was conducted. Calculated the growth rate (reduction) using the method of the smallest squares to align the dynamic series; a comparative analysis of morbidity rates in groups of age groups and in the context of nine administrative and territorial units of the KR with the calculation of the average multi-year incidence levels (AMIL). Results: In the long-term dynamics (from 2002 to 2017) there is a moderate trend towards an increase in prevalence rates (the rate of growth compared to 2002 was 1.3%) and AMIL 843.9. Among strokes that determine the incidence of CVD, ischemic stroke (60.8%) has the highest proportion. In the long-term dynamics, there is a pronounced tendency to increase unspecified strokes (the growth rate was 10.3%), AMIL incidence – 23.0±2,80/0000. There is a marked upward trend in the incidence of the disease of the studied pathology among children (the rate of increase was 47%). In the 9 administrative territories of the KR there is a fairly strong difference between the AMIL and the CVD among the child population, ranging from 1.00/0000 to 20.90/0000 cases, i.e. territorial differences reach up to 20.9 times; adults and adolescents – from 211.10/0000 to 3127.80/0000 (differences up to 14.8 times). Of the nine administrative territories of the KR, the largest proportion of AMIL morbidity among adults and adolescents is observed in Bishkek, and among children – in the Osh region. AMIL prevalence and primary incidence of strokes in men are statistically, significantly higher than in women. In the long-term dynamics, there is an increase in mortality rates from ischemic strokes with a rate of increase compared to 2002 year – 37.5%, along with a decrease in mortality from hemorrhagic and unspecified strokes. The largest proportion of CVD cases over the past year (2017) is over the age of 70 (32%). Conclusion: The actuality of the problem of CVD in the KR is due to a moderate trend of growth rates of prevalence with the highest proportion of ischemic stroke. The expressed growth trend is caused by unspecified strokes. The largest proportion of AMIL morbidity of adult and adolescent CVD is observed in Bishkek, and among children – in the Osh region. Strokes are more common in males. Keywords: Cerebrovascular diseases, epidemiological analysis, stroke, long-term dynamics.
CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ABOUT THE JUVENILE ANGIOFIBROMA OF SKULL BASE
Authors:   National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ikromov Makhmadulo Kurbonovich
Published: March 2020

The various specialists (ENT doctors, oncologists, radiologists, etc.), not the first decade have been engaged with the problem of juvenile angiofibroma of skull base (JASB). JASB is a benign tumor, which refers to soft tissue tumors. Such manifestations of JASB, as rapid destructive growth, lack of nasal breathing, frequent debilitating bleeding, and relapse tendency, allow associating this disease with malignant tumors. In the early stages of development, the diagnosis of JASB presents certain difficulties, as the tumor is characterized by non-specific signs. So, in the early stages of the disease patients are often treated for rhinosinusitis, adenoiditis, with extensive use of physiotherapy, which in turn leads to rapid progression of the process. Despite the rapid progress of medicine, still, prevention issues, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with JASB remains unresolved. In the review, as far as possible highlighted the important aspects of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with this pathology. Keywords: Juvenile angiofibroma, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, benign tumor, the skull base, surgical treatment, nasopharynx.
DIABETES MELLITUS: THE MODERN STATE OF THE ISSUE (PART 1)
Authors:   Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Innovative Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine of the Center for Research in Innovative Technologies, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Sharofova Mizhgona Umedzhonovna , Sagdieva Shoista Samarovna ,   Department of Innovative Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine of the Center for Research in Innovative Technologies, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Yusufi Salomudin Dzhabbor ,   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

The authors analyzed numerous scientific studies on the problem of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the extent of the spread is causing concern among experts around the world. The review examines and analyses the causes of the unrelated increase in the incidence of this pathology, the high risk of severe complications, comorbidities and deaths, reasons for the increase in the prevalence of the disease among children. Taking into account insufficient effectiveness of medical treatment of T2DM using synthetic drugs, the authors cites information on herbal medicine diabetes. The first part of this review examines to epidemiology, modern theories of the development of the disease, the role of endothelium and the importance of its function and dysfunction of T2DM development, analyzing the main cause of death in this pathology. The review also focuses on the issue of the costs of health systems in different countries due to the incidence of T2DM and its complications. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, T2DM, diabetogenesis, pharmacotherapy, herbal medicine
THE STATE OF BODY THERMOREGULATION OF DRIVERS OF PASSENGER VEHICLES WHEN WORKING IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR
Authors:   Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Nushervoni Biloli Khaliliyon , Babaev Abdunaim Babaevich ,   Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To evaluate the state of body thermoregulation of drivers of passenger vehicles when working in different seasons of the year. Methods: 113 drivers of AKIA (Turkey), ISUZU (Japan), LiAZ buses and TIU trolleybuses (Russia) participated in the study. Studies were carried out on the processes of body thermoregulation of drivers of passenger vehicles when working in different seasons of the year in the work shift dynamics in the city of Dushanbe. Results: It has been established that when the temperature of the outdoor air rises, there is a parallel increase in temperature in the cabin buses and trolleybuses, which leads to an increase in body temperature and average weighted skin temperature, to significant moisture loss, and also discomfort body sensation. It should be noted that when working in the warm period of the year with the increase in air temperature in the workplace, the drivers of buses AKIA, ISUZU and LiAZ observed a gradual decline in the shift of systolic pressure from an average of 116.0±2.3 to 112.8±2.2; from 120.3±3.0 to 111.8±2.93, and from 118.6±3.8 to 108.0±3.4 mm Hg, respectively, compared to the baseline levels. Conclusion: Thus, drivers of passenger vehicles perform stressful work in uncomfortable microclimatic conditions, especially when working during the warm period of the year, which causes significant tensions of thermoregulatory processes of their body. Keywords: Body temperature, skin, temperature gradient, moisture loss , heat sensation , heart rate, arterial pressure
PRIMARY KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: MODERN APPROACHES TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF COMORBIDITY
Authors:   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rizoeva Oytillo Rustamovna , Saidov Yor Umarovich ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study and evaluation of modern approaches to early diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (PKOA), analysis of the frequency of comorbid diseases. Methods: The study included 98 patients with PKOA. In order to early diagnose the disease and determining prevalence and spectrum of the comorbid pathology, all patients were submitted to a comprehensive clinical laboratory and instrumental survey. Results: The most informative symptoms in the early diagnosis of PKOA were typical pain syndrome, sluggish synovitis and specific changes from the soft peri- and intraarticular tissues and bone structures of the knee joint, detected by MRI and arthrosonography (ASG). Comorbid diseases had 80.6% of the patients examined. Most commonly identified: cardiovascular pathology (CVP, 73.4%), metabolic syndrome (MS, 66.3%), gastrointestinal pathology (19.4%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (16.6%) and respiratory system diseases (12.2%). The majority of patients (66.2%) with developed of PKOA (of II and III stages) had two or more comorbid diseases. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of PKOA implies a comprehensive assessment of both subjective and objective symptoms of lesion, as well as MRI and ASG data. The most common and prognostically unfavorable comorbid diseases in patients with PKOA are CVP and MS, which have close associative relationship with the pathogenetic aspects of PKOA. Keywords: Primary osteoarthritis , early diagnosis, comorbidity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular pathology.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANTS GROWING IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Satorov Saidbeg , Mirzoeva Fazila ,   Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Satorov Shukhrat ,   Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Vakhidova Manizha ,   Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Dushenkov Vyacheslav ,   Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos Community College, City University of New York
Published: March 2020

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of antibacterial activity of plants growing in the central part of the Republic of Tajikistan. Methods: The antibacterial properties of 18 plant species from the 14 families were studied. The extract samples on dry filter discs were prepared according to the method developed at Rutgers University. Screens-to-Nature (STN) and disc diffusion (DD) methods were used to assess antimicrobial properties of the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was determined against four types of pathogenic standard museum strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as by using the same types of microorganisms isolated from inpatients (the hospital strains). Results: Ethanol extract from leaves of Artemisia absinthium demonstrated a broad-spectrum high degree of antimicrobial activity against both reference and hospital strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The Morus nigra extract also showed broad-spectrum activity, however overall antibacterial activity was lower than in A. absinthium. In general, tested extracts were less effective against E. coli. None of the 18 tested extracts showed activity against K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: Artemisia absinthium and Morus nigra have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect and differ only in the degree of activity. The extracts of Amaranthus tricolor and Arctium tomentosum, Indigofera tinctoria, Punica granatum were characterized by a somewhat narrower spectrum of action. Mentha arvensis and Allium suworowii had approximately the same degree of inhibitory ability. Keywords: Plants, growth inhibition, extracts, hospital strains of bacteria, reference strains of bacteria.
IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF COMPLICATED LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors:   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Azizzoda Zubaydullo Abdullo , Kurbonov Karimkhon Murodovich ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Ruziboyzoda Kakhramon Ruziboy ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rasulov Nazir Aminovich ,   Department of Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ali-Zade Sukhrob Gaffarovich ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the role of laboratory parameters for the study of early diagnosis of liver echinococcosis (LE) complications. Methods: Carried out the results of a study of 147 patients with complicated LE – suppuration of echinococcal cysts (n=50) and mechanical jaundice (n=97). As a result of a general blood analysis for diagnosing complications of LE were studied biochemical analyzes and indicators of endogenous intoxication. Results: The results of the study showed that in patients with complicated LE – suppuration and mechanical jaundice, noticed an increase content of leukocytes in 67.3%, of eosinophils in 42.9% and accelerated ESR in 57.8% of cases. The leukocyte intoxication index (LII) in patients with suppurative echinococcal liver cysts was 4.3±0.06 units. In patients with mechanical jaundice, an increase in the activity of ASAT and ALAT was observed up to 52.4±0.07 and 64.3±0.05 IU/L, respectively. In addition, patients showed an increase in the level of urea (7.8±0.05 mmol/L) and creatinine (128.4±0.04 μmol/L). In severe cases of jaundice indicators of bilirubin exceeded 190 μmol/L, diene conjugates increased to 1.86±0.074 nmol/L, malondialdehyde to 8.15±0.4 μmol/L, and medium mass molecules to 0.5±0.04 c.u./L, procalcitonin – up to 5.6±0.04 ng/mL, C-reactive protein – up to 175.3±9.8 mg/L. Conclusion: Some indicators of the general and biochemical analysis of blood, as well as indicators of endogenous intoxication, can be very informative for the early diagnosis of complications of liver echinococcosis and determine the functional state of the liver. Laboratory indicators of functional state of the liver and the common state of the patients helps to choose the most rational surgery tactics, and thereby reduce the percentage of postoperative complications and mortality among these severe categories of patients. Keywords: Liver echinococcosis, complication, diagnosis, biochemical analyzes, endogenous intoxication.
Stocking the shop: Nineteenth-Century flower buying
Authors: DelPrince James
Published: March 2020

In the third quarter of the 19th century, urban florists purchased a wide variety of cut flowers for resale. Roses and carnations were staples, and the season dictated market availability. In London, the expansion of Covent Garden in 1870 facilitated the importation of flowers from all over Europe. New York florists began to purchase flowers through wholesalers who carried stock grown in state and nearby, which was transported by train to the city and distributed to approximately 200 florist shops at the turn of the 20th century.
Tensiones entre sindicalismo y feminismos en un periodo de demandas y reivindicaciones para la transformación social
Authors: Rovetto Florencia Laura , Millán Carla Susana
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analiza la experiencia de la Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina (CTA) desde sus orígenes (1991) hasta su fractura (2010), tomando aportes de los estudios de género para analizar la incorporación de las demandas y reivindicaciones de las trabajadoras como sujetos políticos en los espacios sindicales, atendiendo a tres aspectos centrales: a) la articulación entre la central sindical y el movimiento de mujeres y feminista, b) la transversalización de la perspectiva de género en sus principales políticas, y c) la participación de las mujeres en las instancias de conducción nacional. Para ello nos valemos de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas, documentales y entrevistas a las dos titulares de la Secretaría de Género e Igualdad de Oportunidades, para recuperar sus miradas acerca de estas cuestiones problemáticas en un contexto atravesado por las tensiones y disputas que confrontan el protagonismo político de los feminismos con las políticas de restauración neoliberal y neopatriarcal, tanto en el país como a nivel global.  Del análisis de la experiencia de la CTA se puede ver una propuesta innovadora frente de modelo sindical tradicional con el acento puesto en colectivos sociales emergentes, incorporando, paulatinamente, las causas impulsadas por los movimientos feministas.
Violencia por razón de género durante la post-separación: dificultades de las mujeres para la subsistencia
Authors: Tepichin Ana María
Published: March 2020

Con la separación o el divorcio, la violencia por razón de género que despliegan los hombres contra las mujeres quienes fueran sus parejas no necesariamente termina, se extiende en la postseparación. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y analizar acciones de violencia por razón de género que despliegan las exparejas, poniendo el foco de atención en la forma en que el abuso extendido durante la postseparación configura dinámicas de relación que minan las posibilidades de las mujeres para realizar un trabajo remunerado y generar un ingreso dando lugar a una crítica lucha cotidiana por la subsistencia. Para el estudio realizado, utilizo información proporcionada a través de grupos focales, por usuarias de Centros de Justicia para las Mujeres en México (CJM), mismos que fueron creados por el gobierno mexicano a través de la Comisión Nacional para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia Contra las Mujeres (CONAVIM), con la intención deliberada de desarrollar un modelo integral de servicios y de acceso a la justicia que redujera los obstáculos que enfrentan mujeres víctimas de violencia por razón de género para acceder a la justicia. El análisis realizado muestra que las acciones extendidas de violencia durante la postseparación dan lugar a una crítica lucha cotidiana de las mujeres por la subsistencia.
Autoreconocerse feminista en la universidad: experiencias de académicas de la Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Rodríguez Mancera María Fernanda , Flores Hernández Aurelia
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de reflexionar acerca de los alcances y significados que se están generando entre académicas universitarias derivados de la apropiación de una ideología feminista, siguiendo las huellas de sus experiencias en torno a su origen feminista, el sentido que le aluden al feminismo, así como las acciones que ellas alientan en diversos escenarios para promover un feminismo autónomo y oponerse a los embates contra este enel espacio universitario. Una de las huellas que resulta de esta investigación, aplicada mediante una metodología cualitativa, indica que para las académicas no hay retroceso: el feminismo es una posición de vida y una apuesta formativa necesariamente indispensable. De este modo, ellas devienen protagonistas centrales en la reproducción de una ideología feminista emancipadora, capaz de resistir los embates de una universidad patriarcal.
Mujer bonita es la que lucha. La construcción de sí en la formación profesional en peluquería
Authors: Gorban Debora , Justo von Lurzer Carolina
Published: March 2020

Este artículo se basa en una pesquisa de tipo cualitativa realizada enel marco del programa de formación en peluquería y maquillaje, Belleza por un futuro desarrollado por L’Oreal Buenos Aires, destinado a mujeres en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. Entre agosto y diciembre de 2017, realizamos observaciones y registros de campo de las clases técnicas, entrevistas en profundidad a las instructoras de ambos componentes (técnico y de formación personal), y a la coordinadora general del programa. Y luego del primer mes de observación participante, realizamos entrevistas a las alumnas. Aquí analizaremos la relación que las mujeres establecen entre el cuidado personal y la construcción de sí y reconstruimos la concepción de belleza que sostiene esta relación y que se distancia del sentido común que la liga casi exclusivamente a la exterioridad, la superficialidad y la estética. Para las mujeres que atraviesan el programa, la belleza constituye un pilar para la construcción de modos de valoración de sí y de su profesión, un camino de independencia económica, un espacio de reflexividad sobre sus posiciones subjetivas, su condición de género y sus vínculos interpersonales y la valoración de las redes de cuidado ―estético y afectivo― de las que forman parte.
Historia de la prostitución y el lenocinio en México
Authors: Moreno Juárez Sergio
Published: March 2020

Bailón, Fabiola. (2016).Prostitución y lenocinio en México, siglos XIX y XX. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Secretaría de Cultura (Biblioteca Mexicana), 270 p., ilus. [ISBN: 978-607-16-4422-0]
Feminismos y estudios de género en Colombia. Un campo académico y político en movimiento
Authors: Barrera Castellanos Johan Arturo
Published: March 2020

Reseña del libro Gill, Franklin y Pérez-Bustos, Tania (Comps). (2018). Feminismos y estudios de género en Colombia. Un campo académico y político en movimiento.Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Escuela de Estudios de Género. ISBN: 9789587833348.