bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What processes or key components do teachers attribute to their well‐being? A cross‐cultural qualitative study of teacher well‐being in Cambodia, Kenya, and Qatar
Authors: Huynh Hy V. , Proeschold‐Bell Rae Jean , Sohail Malik Muhammad , Nalianya Micah , Wafula Sylvia , Amanya Cyrilla , Vann Vanroth , Loem Pisey , Baghdady Ahmed M. , Al‐Khalaf Maryam S. , Namestnik Alexa , Whetten Kathryn
Published: August 2023

The study of teacher well‐being is critically important. However, teacher well‐being studies are lacking in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, and also generally in low‐income countries. This exploratory case study sought to identify teachers' perceptions of work‐related characteristics and personal practices associated with well‐being and burnout in three underrepresented, diverse sites: Battambang, Cambodia; Bungoma, Kenya; and Doha, Qatar. Ninety teachers participated in in‐depth interviews (Qatar N = 21, Cambodia N = 33, Kenya N = 36), as well as 16 principals and 11 policymakers. Qualitative analysis was conducted using data‐driven, emergent codes. Findings revealed that teachers attributed remarkably similar processes and key components to their well‐being (e.g., engagement school‐wide or district‐wide, schools attending to teachers' personal needs) and burnout (e.g., administrative burden, student misbehavior) across all three sites, with a few notable differences worthy of future follow‐up. Few teachers could name any well‐being programs at their school.
Social support, psychological strain, and suicidality: Evidence from Chinese universities
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to apply psychological strain theory to explore the relationship between psychological strain and suicidality among Chinese young adults with a moderating effect of perceived social support. A questionnaire was administered with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised, and Psychological Strain Scale among 13,250 college students across China. The main determinants of suicidal behavior were examined with multiple linear regression. Two steps of multiple regression were employed to define the moderating effect of social support. A positive relationship between psychological strain and suicidality was reported in the study, and social support was confirmed as a moderating factor between psychological strain and suicidal behavior.
All‐carbon backbone aromatic polymers for proton exchange membranes
Authors: Li Tingting , Chai Shengchao , Liu Binghui , Zhao Chengji , Li Haolong
Published: August 2023

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play a crucial role in energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water electrolysis. Currently, perfluorosulfonic acid polymer (PFSA) membranes are the most commonly used PEM materials. However, PFSA membranes possess certain drawbacks, including the high dependence of proton conductivity on humidity, low glass transition temperatures, and complex synthesis processes. In recent decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to developing various alternative PEM materials, such as the sulfonated products of polyether ether ketone, poly(phenylene oxide), polysulfone, and polyimide. However, the backbones of these polymers often contain heteroatoms that are prone to breaking under practical working conditions, leading to reduced chemical stability. In contrast, all‐carbon backbone aromatic polymers exhibit excellent chemical stability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, as well as high proton conductivity upon incorporating suitable acidic groups, which makes them promising alternatives for PEM materials. This review aims to summarize the recent research progress about all‐carbon backbone aromatic polymers, with a specific focus on synthesis strategies, structure–performance relationships, and applications in PEMs.
“Interventions to increase adherence to oral therapies in breast cancer patients: A systematic review based on the behavior change technique taxonomy”
Authors: Pezzolato Massimo , Marzorati Chiara , Lanzoni Lucilla , Monzani Dario , Masiero Marianna Agnese , Pietrobon Ricardo , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: August 2023

Objective

High rates of non‐adherence to oral medications in breast cancer (BC) patients have been reported. Here we provide an up‐to‐date systematic review of the interventions aimed at increasing adherence to oral medication in BC patients, with a particular focus on the content of the interventions.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Ovid databases and reference lists of relevant studies were searched through October 2022. Studies which (1) described an intervention aimed at increasing adherence to oral anticancer medication, (2) included (or planned to include) at least one sub‐group of BC patients, (3) were written in English, and (4) with full‐text available were included. The contents of the interventions were coded using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy. Quality assessment was conducted using Downs and Black scale.

Results

Thirty‐six studies met the inclusion criteria and involved a total sample of 28,528 BC patients. Interventions were mainly delivered with eHealth devices (n = 21) and most of them used mobile app. Other studies used in‐person modalities (e.g., CBT, relaxation technique) or written materials (e.g., psycho‐educational booklet). The behavior change techniques most frequently implemented were “problem solving,” “social support,” “information about health consequences,” and “prompts/cues”. Quality assessment revealed that the higher risk of bias refers to the selection process.

Conclusions

The use of reminders, monitoring patients' medication‐taking behaviors and giving feedback were the most frequently implemented techniques in those interventions that resulted significant. If these preliminary observations were to be confirmed by future comparative studies, they should be taken into account when developing new interventions.
Differential dynamic programming for finite‐horizon zero‐sum differential games of nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jia Yingmin , Zhang Yuqi
Published: August 2023

In this article, we present an iterative algorithm based on differential dynamic programming (DDP) for finite‐horizon two‐person zero‐sum differential games. The technique of DDP is used to expand the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) partial differential equation into higher‐order differential equations. Using value function and saddle point approximations, the DDP expansion is transformed into algebraic matrix equation in integral form. Based on the algebraic matrix equation, a DDP iterative algorithm is developed to learn the solution to the differential games. Strict proof is proposed to guarantee the iterative convergences of the value function and saddle point. The new algorithm is fundamentally different from existing results, in the sense that it overcome the technical obstacle to address the time‐varying behavior of HJI partial differential equation. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Living cell‐laden hydrogels: Unleashing the future of responsive biohybrid systems
Authors: Hu Xuejia , Lei Bing , Li Sen‐Sen , Chen Lu‐Jian , Li Quan
Published: August 2023

Responsive biohybrid systems have the potential to overcome limitations of both natural and artificial machines in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and functionality. As functional units, living cells act as bricks for building biohybrid machines, where the extracellular matrix mimics hydrogels to act as ideal biological concrete. Combining living cells with hydrogels offers unique advantages in simulating human tissues or organs, which unleashes the future of biohybrid systems, and thus has attracted extensive attention. Herein, recent progress in cell‐laden hydrogel‐based responsive biohybrid systems is summarized to provide a basic understanding of how these systems are built from the bottom up and how to achieve the complex functions. This review focuses on advanced manufacturing technologies for responsive biohybrid systems, including laden cells in hydrogel matrices, three‐dimensional bioprinting, and microfluidic manufacturing. Subsequently, the innovative applications of these works, including actuators, sensors, and engineered functional materials, are presented, along with different triggering mechanisms that are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in the field are addressed. This review provides a unique perspective and is hoped to inspire fields such as biohybrid technologies, soft robots, and tissue engineering.
Multifunctional Asymmetric Bacterial Cellulose Membrane with Enhanced Anti‐Bacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities for Promoting Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Fengping , Sun Meiyan , Li Dongmei , Qin Xiaotong , Liao Yuting , Liu Xiaozhi , Jia Shiru , Xie Yanyan , Zhong Cheng
Published: August 2023

An asymmetric wound dressing acts as a skin‐like structure serves as a protective barrier between a wound and its surroundings. It allows for the absorption of tissue fluids and the release of active substances at the wound site, thus speeding up the healing process. However, the production of such wound dressings requires the acquisition of specialized tools, expensive polymers, and solvents that contain harmful byproducts. In this study, an asymmetric bacterial cellulose (ABC) wound dressing using starch as a porogen has been developed. By incorporating silver‐metal organic frameworks (Ag‐MOF) and curcumin into the ABC membrane, the wound dressing gains antioxidant, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti‐bacterial activities. Compared to BC‐based wound dressings, this dressing promotes efficient dissolution and controlled release of curcumin and silver ions. In a full‐thickness skin defect model, wound dressing not only inhibits the growth of bacteria on infected wounds but also regulates the release of curcumin to reduce inflammation and promote the production of epithelium, blood vessels, and collagen. Consequently, this dressing provides superior wound treatment compared to BC‐based dressing.
General Synthesis of Single‐Crystal Spinel Cathodes with the Tailored Orientation of Exposed Crystal Planes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Peiyu , Lin Zezhou , Li Feng , Xu Xijin
Published: August 2023

The spinel Mn‐based cathodes with 3D Li+ diffusion channels, high voltage, and low‐cost show promise for developing high‐power lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). But the disproportionation and Jahn–Teller distortion lead to structural degeneration and capacity decay, especially at high working temperatures. Herein, considering the merits of single crystals and orientation of exposed crystal planes, single‐crystal truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 (TO‐LMO) with exposed {111}, {100} and {110} facets is rationally designed, in which the mainly exposed {111} facets are truncated by a small portion of {100} and {110} facets. The Li‐deficient intermediate phase is innovatively proposed to prepare the single‐crystal TO‐LMO. The synergistic effects of single crystals and the orientation of exposed crystal planes significantly reduce the disproportionation of Mn3+ ions and thereby improve their structural stability. Consequently, the cycling stability of the single‐crystal TO‐LMO is remarkably enhanced, obtaining outstanding capacity retention of 84.3% after 2000 cycles, much better than that of 61.2% for octahedral LiMn2O4. The feasibility of preparing single‐crystal truncated octahedral LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with exposed {111}, {100}, and {110} facets via the Li‐deficient intermediate phase is further demonstrated. These findings offer new insight into regulating the orientation of exposed crystal planes and improving the reversibility of Mn‐based redox couples in LIBs.
Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes with Low‐Cost Diluents Compatible with Both Cobalt‐Free LiNiO2 Cathode and Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Guo Zezhou , Cui Zehao , Sim Richard , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2023

High‐nickel layered oxide cathodes and lithium‐metal anode are promising candidates for next‐generation battery systems due to their high energy density. Nevertheless, the instability of the electrode–electrolyte interphase is hindering their practical application. Localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) present a promising solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable cathode–electrolyte interphase. However, the limited choice of diluents and their high cost are restricting their implementation. Four novel cost‐effective diluents and their performance with highly reactive LiNiO2 cathode and Li‐metal anode are reported here. The results show that all the LHCE cells exhibit a Coulombic efficiency of >99.38% in Li | Cu cells and a capacity retention of >85% in Li | LiNiO2 cells after 250 cycles. Advanced characterizations unveil that the stable cell operation is due to well‐tuned electrode–electrolyte interphases and Li deposition morphology. In addition, online electrochemical mass spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry reveal that the gas generation and heat‐release are greatly reduced with the LHCEs presented. Overall, the study provides new insights into the role of diluents in LHCEs and offers valuable guidance for further optimization of LHCEs for high energy density lithium‐metal batteries.
Post‐Substitution Modulated Robust Sodium Layered Oxides
Authors: Gao Xu , Wang Haoji , Liu Huanqing , Hong Ningyun , Zhu Fangjun , Ga Jinqiang , Song Bai , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Bugday Nesrin , Yasar Sedat , Altin Serdar , Ji Xiaobo
Published: August 2023

Sodium layered oxides feature in high capacity and diverse composition, however, are plagued by various issues including limited kinetics and interfacial instability with residual alkali. Conventional substitution/doping and heterogeneous coating are promising to tackle the problems of bulk and surface, respectively, but normally insufficient to address both. Herein, a post‐substitution strategy is proposed to modify primary sodium‐layered‐oxide particles that can simultaneously deal with bulk and surficial issues. As a typical example, post Ti‐substitution for O3‐NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 is successfully performed by adjusting thermodynamic driving force, resulting in depth‐controllable Ti infusion from surface to bulk, as proved by energy dispersive spectroscopy maps collected at the cross‐section. Residual alkali species are efficiently diminished and benefited from the surface‐to‐bulk osmotic reaction, significantly improving Coulombic efficiency. Moreover, remarkable enhancements in reversible capacity (135 mAh g−1 at C/10), rate capability (74% retention at 5 C), and long‐term cycling stability (80% retention after 300 cycles at 2 C) are achieved by manipulating gradient‐like Ti distribution in a primary particle that brings with increased kinetics and strengthened interfacial stability, surpassing those given by rough heterotic coating and homogeneous Ti‐substitution. Such post‐substitution is expected to provide a universal strategy to modify primary layered‐oxide particles for developing advanced cathode materials of SIBs.
Stakeholder theory: Exploring systems‐theoretic and process‐philosophic connections
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav , Roth Steffen
Published: August 2023

Modern stakeholder theory is premised on the ‘integration thesis’, according to which business and ethics constitute an inseparable unity. For many management scholars, this thesis raised the difficult question of how far business can pursue ethical goals without losing its functional autonomy. We address this question by interpreting the integration thesis as the Luhmannian ‘unity of difference’ of business and ethics. This interpretation allows business and ethics to remain conceptually distinct, yet takes their very distinction to constitute a logical and dialectical unity as envisioned by the integration thesis. To justify this interpretation, we draw on the Luhmannian systems theory which accentuates the precariousness of the environment faced by business corporations, and on process philosophy which underscores the unique human capacity to navigate this precariousness by following social norms of ethical behaviour. We argue that a key prerequisite of successful stakeholder management is the activation of this human capacity.
Development of theoretical model for predicting flexural behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete beams with CFRP grid‐reinforced ECC
Authors: Zhang Zaiyu , Li Wenshi , Guo Xiaoyang , Sun Qing , Tian Penggang , Wu Yanru
Published: August 2023

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) concrete beams reinforced by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid reinforced engineering cementitious composite (ECC) have excellent flexural performance and corrosion resistance in marine environments. However, the lack of a reliable theoretical model for predicting the flexural behavior of the hybrid beams makes it challenging apply them in the practical engineering. To address this issue, a series of numerical models were established to investigate the effects of key parameters on the flexural behavior of the hybrid beams, including the peak load, the neutral axis height, and the sectional stress distribution. Subsequently, based on the influence of the failures of different materials on the flexural performance of the hybrid beam, the loads of four feature points were calculated in the theoretical model to predict the entire load–displacement curve. Finally, the application range of the theoretical model was given based on the neutral axis height. The results showed that the cover thickness of the ECC, the GFRP reinforcement ratio and the cross‐sectional area of the CFRP grid were the key factors affecting the flexural performance of the hybrid beams. The theoretical model established in this study can predict the load–displacement curve accurately and can provide a reference for the subsequent design of the hybrid beams.
Multidimensional nonlinear numerical simulation of post‐tensioned concrete girders with different prestressing levels
Authors: Galano Simone , Losanno Daniele , Miluccio Giacomo , Parisi Fulvio
Published: August 2023

Most of the Italian infrastructures have been built since the mid‐twentieth century. Prestressed concrete (PC) has been widely used, especially for bridges and viaducts. These structures have proved effective over time, but their performance could be affected by degradation phenomena (i.e., corrosion of the tendons and residual prestressing) or construction defects (i.e., grouting of the ducts), which need to be accurately modeled. This paper focuses on the flexural response of two reduced‐scale, posttensioned, PC bridge girders, prestressed with two different jacking forces and tested under four‐point bending configuration. Four multidimensional numerical models were developed to simulate the experimental behaviors of the selected specimens, using two alternative computational strategies, namely, the finite element method (FEM) and applied element method (AEM). Three FEM modeling were considered, ranging from one‐dimensional lumped‐plasticity models to two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) spread‐plasticity models. Besides, 3D AEM models were developed into another software package. The accuracy and the computational costs of the two numerical strategies are discussed in this paper. Also, the main features of each numerical modeling technique are addressed, including comparisons between numerical and experimental global response data as well as the statistical characterization of the model error. Based on these different features, the authors also suggest the most suitable numerical strategy for future studies on PC girders.
Estradiol mitigates stress-induced cardiac injury and inflammation by downregulating ADAM17 via the GPER-1/PI3K signaling pathway
Authors: Adu-Amankwaah Joseph , Bushi Aisha , Tan Rubin , Adekunle Adebayo Oluwafemi , Adzika Gabriel Komla , Ndzie Noah Marie Louise , Nadeem Iqra , Adzraku Seyram Yao , Koda Stephane , Mprah Richard , Cui Jie , Li Kexue , Wowui Prosperl Ivette , Sun Hong
Published: August 2023

Stress-induced cardiovascular diseases characterized by inflammation are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women worldwide. Estradiol (E2) is known to be cardioprotective via the modulation of inflammatory mediators during stress. But the mechanism is unclear. TNFα, a key player in inflammation, is primarily converted to its active form by 'A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17' (ADAM17). We investigated if E2 can regulate ADAM17 during stress. Experiments were performed using female FVB wild-type (WT), C57BL/6 WT, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 knockout (GPER-1 KO) mice and H9c2 cells. The study revealed a significant increase in cardiac injury and inflammation during isoproterenol (ISO)-induced stress in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Additionally, ADAM17’s membrane content (mADAM17) was remarkably increased in OVX and GPER-1 KO mice during stress. However, in vivo supplementation of E2 significantly reduced cardiac injury, mADAM17, and inflammation. Also, administering G1 (GPER-1 agonist) in mice under stress reduced mADAM17. Further experiments demonstrated that E2, via GPER-1/PI3K pathway, localized ADAM17 at the perinuclear region by normalizing β1AR-Gαs, mediating the switch from β2AR-Gαi to Gαs, and reducing phosphorylated kinases, including p38 MAPKs and ERKs. Thus, using G15 and LY294002 to inhibit GPER-1 and its down signaling molecule, PI3K, respectively, in the presence of E2 during stress resulted in the disappearance of E2’s modulatory effect on mADAM17. In vitro knockdown of ADAM17 during stress significantly reduced cardiac injury and inflammation, confirming its significant inflammatory role. These interesting findings provide novel evidence that E2 and G1 are potential therapeutic agents for ADAM17-induced inflammatory diseases associated with postmenopausal females.
Nonenhanced Photon Counting CT of the Head
Authors: Michael Arwed Elias , Schoenbeck Denise , Woeltjen Matthias Michael , Boriesosdick Jan , Kroeger Jan Robert , Moenninghoff Christoph , Horstmeier Sebastian , Niehoff Julius Henning , Kabbasch Christoph , Goertz Lukas , Borggrefe Jan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head is among the most commonly performed CT examinations. The spectral information acquired by photon counting CT (PCCT) allows generation of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). At the same time, image noise can be reduced using quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR). In this study, the image quality of VMI was evaluated depending on the keV level and the QIR level. Furthermore, the influence of the cranial calvaria was investigated to determine the optimal reconstruction for clinical application.

Methods

A total of 51 PCCT (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) of the head were retrospectively analyzed. In a quantitative analysis, gray and white matter ROIs were evaluated in different brain areas at all available keV levels and QIR levels with respect to signal, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The distance to the cranial calvaria of the ROIs was included in the analysis. This was followed by a qualitative reading by five radiologists including experienced neuroradiologists.

Results

In most ROIs, signal and noise varied significantly between keV levels (p < 0.0001). The CNR had a focal maximum at 66 keV and an absolute maximum at higher keV, slightly differently located depending on ROI and QIR level. With increasing QIR level, a significant reduction in noise was achieved (p < 0.0001) except just beneath the cranial calvaria. The cranial calvaria had a strong effect on the signal (p < 0.0001) but not on gray and white matter noise. In the qualitative reading, the 60 keV VMI was rated best.

Conclusion

In nonenhanced PCCT of the head the selected keV level of the VMI and the QIR level have a crucial influence on image quality in VMI. The 60 keV and 66 keV VMI with high QIR level provided optimal subjective and objective image quality for clinical use. The cranial calvaria has a significant influence on the visualization of the adjacent brain matter; currently, this substantially limits the use of low keV VMIs (< 60 keV).
Issue analysis: key characteristics approach for identifying endocrine disruptors
Authors: Borgert Christopher J.
Published: August 2023

For more than a decade, weight of evidence (WoE) evaluations have been the standard method for determining whether a chemical meets the definition of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). WoE methods consider all data pertinent to satisfying the EDC definition and evaluating those data with respect to relevance, reliability, strength, and coherence with established endocrine physiology and pharmacology. A new approach for identifying EDC hazards has been proposed that organizes and evaluates data according to ten so-called “Key Characteristics (KCs) of EDCs”. The approach claims to address the lack of a widely accepted, systematic approach for identifying EDC hazards, but completely ignores the WoE literature for EDCs. In contrast to WoE methods, the KC approach fails to apply the consensus definition of EDC and is not amenable to empirical testing or validation, is fungible and ensures inconsistent and unreliable results, ignores principles of hormone action and characteristics of dose–response in endocrine pharmacology and toxicology, lacks a means of distinguishing endocrine-mediated from non-endocrine mediated mechanisms, lacks a means to reach a negative conclusion about a chemical’s EDC properties or to distinguish EDCs from non-EDCs, and provides no means for developing a valid consensus among experts nor provides a means of resolving conflicting interpretations of data. Instead of shortcuts like the KC approach, which are prone to bias, error, and arbitrary conclusions, identifying EDCs should rely on WoE evaluations that supply the critical components and scientific rigor lacking in the proposed KCs for EDCs.
Gradient Higher Integrability for Degenerate Parabolic Double-Phase Systems
Authors: Kim Wontae , Kinnunen Juha , Moring Kristian
Published: August 2023

We prove a local higher integrability result for the gradient of a weak solution to degenerate parabolic double-phase systems of p-Laplace type. This result comes with reverse Hölder type estimates. The proof is based on a careful phase analysis, estimates in the intrinsic geometries and stopping time arguments.
The Parameterized Complexity of s-Club with Triangle and Seed Constraints
Authors: Garvardt Jaroslav , Komusiewicz Christian , Sommer Frank
Published: August 2023

The s-Club problem asks whether a given undirected graph G contains a vertex set S of size at least k such that G[S], the subgraph of G induced by S, has diameter at most s. We consider variants of s-Club where one additionally demands that each vertex of G[S] is contained in at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
 triangles in G[S], that each edge of G[S] is contained in at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
 triangles in G[S], or that S contains a given set W of seed vertices. We show that in general these variants are W[1]-hard when parameterized by the solution size k, making them significantly harder than the unconstrained s-Club problem. On the positive side, we obtain some FPT algorithms for the case when $$\ell =1$$

ℓ
=
1

and for the case when G[W], the graph induced by the set of seed vertices, is a clique.
Towards reproducible radiomics research: introduction of a database for radiomics studies
Authors: Akinci D’Antonoli Tugba , Cuocolo Renato , Baessler Bettina , Pinto dos Santos Daniel
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To investigate the model-, code-, and data-sharing practices in the current radiomics research landscape and to introduce a radiomics research database.

Methods

A total of 1254 articles published between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, in leading radiology journals (European Radiology, European Journal of Radiology, Radiology, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology: Imaging Cancer) were retrospectively screened, and 257 original research articles were included in this study. The categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact tests or chi-square test and numerical variables using Student’s t test with relation to the year of publication.

Results

Half of the articles (128 of 257) shared the model by either including the final model formula or reporting the coefficients of selected radiomics features. A total of 73 (28%) models were validated on an external independent dataset. Only 16 (6%) articles shared the data or used publicly available open datasets. Similarly, only 20 (7%) of the articles shared the code. A total of 7 (3%) articles both shared code and data. All collected data in this study is presented in a radiomics research database (RadBase) and could be accessed at https://github.com/EuSoMII/RadBase.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, the majority of published radiomics models were not technically reproducible since they shared neither model nor code and data. There is still room for improvement in carrying out reproducible and open research in the field of radiomics.

Clinical relevance statement

To date, the reproducibility of radiomics research and open science practices within the radiomics research community are still very low. Ensuring reproducible radiomics research with model-, code-, and data-sharing practices will facilitate faster clinical translation.

Key Points

• There is a discrepancy between the number of published radiomics papers and the clinical implementation of these published radiomics models.

• The main obstacle to clinical implementation is the lack of model-, code-, and data-sharing practices.

• In order to translate radiomics research into clinical practice, the radiomics research community should adopt open science practices.
Hysteroscopy in the new media: quality and reliability analysis of hysteroscopy procedures on YouTube™
Authors: Libretti Alessandro , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Saponara Stefania , Corsini Christian , Aquino Carmen Imma , Savasta Federica , Tizzoni Eleonora , Troìa Libera , Surico Daniela , Angioni Stefano , Remorgida Valentino
Published: August 2023

Background

Hysteroscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing various intrauterine pathologies. However, its execution can be influenced by patients’ perception and understanding, which are often shaped by digital resources such as YouTubeTM. Given its popularity and accessibility, YouTubeTM has the potential to greatly influence patients’ knowledge and expectations about this procedure, highlighting the need for accurate and reliable information.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the reliability and quality of hysteroscopy information available to patients on YouTubeTM. Understanding the nature of information patients’ access can help address their fears and potential misunderstandings about the procedure, consequently reducing the likelihood of suspension or postponement due to anxiety.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of YouTubeTM was conducted, simulating the search process of a patient seeking information about hysteroscopy. The study evaluated the reliability and quality of 90 out of the first 100 hysteroscopy-related videos on YouTubeTM, scored by four gynecologists—two experienced hysteroscopists and two trainees. The videos were assessed for reliability and quality using the mDISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) scores.

Results

The average mDISCERN and GQS scores for the evaluated videos were below the optimal three points, highlighting the lack of fluency, comprehensiveness, and reliability of the available information. Notably, while videos produced by experts, including doctors and professional channels, had higher scores, they still fell short of the minimum score of 3. These videos also were not considered more suitable for either patients or trainees. Videos that were assessed as reliable (mDISCERN ≥ 3) were observed to be longer and were more frequently produced by doctors. These videos were suggested more to trainees rather than patients. Similarly, videos deemed as fluent and comprehensive (GQS ≥ 3) were longer and were more often recommended to patients.

Conclusions

While YouTubeTM is a widely used source of medical information, the quality and reliability of hysteroscopy videos on the platform are poor. The strategic use of selected, high-quality hysteroscopy videos can enhance procedure success and alleviate patient fears. However, the unsupervised discovery of information by patients could potentially lead to procedure failure or an elevated level of stress due to misleading or incorrect information.
Thoracic skeletal muscle index is effective for CT-defined sarcopenia evaluation in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Vangelov Belinda , Smee Robert , Moses Daniel , Bauer Judith
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia, as a measurement of low skeletal muscle (SM), is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), independent of weight or nutritional status. We used SM measures at the second thoracic vertebra (T2) to determine T2-SM index (SMI) thresholds for sarcopenia, and investigate the impact of low T2-SMI on overall survival (OS), and weight loss during radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

Adult patients with newly diagnosed HNC with a diagnostic PET–CT or RT planning CT scan were included. SM was analysed at T2 and a model applied to predict SM at L3. T2-SMI thresholds for sarcopenia were established with predicted measures, stratified by BMI and sex. Impact of sarcopenia and low T2-SMI on OS and weight loss during RT was investigated.

Results

A total of 361 scans were analysed (84% males, 54% oropharynx tumours). Sarcopenia was found in 49%, demonstrating worse OS (p = 0.037). T2-SMI cutoff values were: females—74 cm2/m2 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.89 (95%CI 0.80–0.98)], males (BMI < 25)—63 cm2/m2 [AUC 0.93 (95%CI 0.89–0.96)], males (BMI ≥ 25)—88cm2/m2 [AUC 0.86 (95%CI 0.78–0.93)]. No difference in OS with T2-SMI categories. Lowest T2-SMI quartile of < 63 cm2/m2 demonstrated worse OS (p = 0.017). Weight loss during RT was higher in patients; who were not sarcopenic (6.2% vs 4.9%, p = 0.023); with higher T2-SMI (6.3% vs 4.9%, p = 0.014) and; in the highest quartiles (3.6% vs 5.7% vs 7.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These T2-SMI thresholds are effective in assessing CT-defined sarcopenia in HNC. Further assessment of clinical application is warranted.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive versus open pancreatic resections
Authors: Lee Suhyun , Varghese Chris , Fung Matthew , Patel Bijendra , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Dasari Bobby V. M.
Published: August 2023

Background

The systematic review is aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open distal pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Method

The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and clinical trial registries were systematically searched using the PRISMA framework. Studies of adults aged ≥ 18 year comparing laparoscopic and/or robotic versus open DP and/or PD that reported cost of operation or index admission, and cost-effectiveness outcomes were included. The risk of bias of non-randomised studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, while the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used for randomised studies. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous variables.

Results

Twenty-two studies (152,651 patients) were included in the systematic review and 15 studies in the meta-analysis (3 RCTs; 3 case-controlled; 9 retrospective studies). Of these, 1845 patients underwent MIS (1686 laparoscopic and 159 robotic) and 150,806 patients open surgery. The cost of surgical procedure (SMD 0.89; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.43; I2 = 91%; P = 0.001), equipment (SMD 3.73; 95% CI 1.55 to 5.91; I2 = 98%; P = 0.0008), and operating room occupation (SMD 1.17, 95% CI 0.11 to 2.24; I2 = 95%; P = 0.03) was higher with MIS. However, overall index hospitalisation costs trended lower with MIS (SMD − 0.13; 95% CI − 0.35 to 0.06; I2 = 80%; P = 0.17). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive major pancreatic surgery entailed higher intraoperative but similar overall index hospitalisation costs.
Glial cell-derived soluble factors increase the metastatic potential of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: García-Reyes Balbina , Kuzmanov Ivan , Schneider Reiner , Schneiker Bianca , Efferz Patrik , Kalff Jörg C. , Wehner Sven
Published: August 2023

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, characterized by the spreading of highly metastatic cancer cells, including invasion into surrounding nerves and perineural spaces. Nerves, in turn, can invade the tumor tissue and, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors, chemokines, and cytokines, contribute to PDAC progression. However, the contribution of the nerve-associated glial cells to PDAC progression is not well characterized.

Methods

Two murine PDAC cell lines were cultured with the conditioned media (CM) of primary enteric glial cells or IMS32 Schwann cells (SCs). Different properties of PDAC cells, such as invasiveness, migratory capacity, and resistance to gemcitabine, were measured by RT-qPCR, microscopy, and MTT assays. Using a neuronal cell line, the observed effects were confirmed to be specific to the glial lineage.

Results

Compared to the control medium, PDAC cells in the glial cell-conditioned medium showed increased invasiveness and migratory capacity. These cells showed reduced E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin and Vimentin levels, all markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Primary enteric glial cell CM inhibited the proliferation of PDAC cells but preserved their viability, upregulated transcription factor Snail, and increased their resistance to gemcitabine. The conditioned medium generated from the IMS32 SCs produced comparable results.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that glial cells can increase the metastatic potential of PDAC cells by increasing their migratory capacity and inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a re-programming that many solid tumors use to undergo metastasis. Glial cell-conditioned medium also increased the chemoresistance of PDAC cells. These findings may have implications for future therapeutic strategies, such as targeting glial cell-derived factor signaling in PDAC.
Universal thermal climate index in the Arctic in an era of climate change: Alaska and Chukotka as a case study
Authors: Grigorieva E.A. , Alexeev V.A. , Walsh J.E.
Published: August 2023

The modern unambiguous climate change reveals in a rapid increase of air temperature, which is more distinctly expressed in the Arctic than in any other part of the world, affecting people health and well-being. The main objective of the current research is to explore the inter- and intra-annual changes in thermal stress for people in the Arctic, specifically for two parts of Beringia: Alaska, USA, and Chukotka, Russia, using climatology of the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). Data for 39 locations are taken from the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis for the period 1979–2020. Climatologically, the study area is divided into four subregions in Alaska: North, Interior, West and South, and two in Chukotka: Interior and Coast. The extreme coldest UTCI categories (1 and 2) are most common in coastal locations of northern Alaska and Chukotka, where strong winds exacerbate the low temperatures during winter. The results show that the frequency of category 1 (UTCI<−40°C) varies spatially from a quarter of all hours annually in Alaska North to almost zero in Alaska South. On the other hand, the warmest categories are rarely reached almost everywhere in Alaska and Chukotka, and even categories 7 and 8 (UTCI between +26 and +38°C) are found occasionally only at interior locations. Category 6 with no thermal stress (UTCI between +9 and+26°C) has frequencies up to 3% and 25% in Alaska North and Interior, respectively. The extremely cold thermal stress frequencies have substantially decreased over the 1979–2020 period, especially in Alaska North and Chukotka Coast. At the same time, the number of hours with UTCI in the comfortable category of thermal perception has increased depending on subregion, from 25 to 203 h/year. Overall, a decrease in the UTCI categories of extremely cold stress is coupled with an increase in the comfortable range in both Alaska and Chukotka. The salient conclusion is that, from the point of view of comfort and safety, global warming has a positive impact on the climatology of thermal stress in the Arctic, providing advantages for the development of tourism and recreation.
PPARδ dysregulation of CCL20/CCR6 axis promotes gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment
Authors: Liu Yi , Wei Daoyan , Deguchi Yasunori , Xu Weiguo , Tian Rui , Liu Fuyao , Xu Min , Mao Fei , Li Donghui , Chen Weidong , Valentin Lovie Ann , Deguchi Eriko , Yao James C. , Shureiqi Imad , Zuo Xiangsheng
Published: August 2023

Background

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) promotes inflammation and carcinogenesis in many organs, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. In stomachs, PPARδ significantly increases chemokine Ccl20 expression in gastric epithelial cells while inducing gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). CCR6 is the sole receptor of CCL20. Here, we examine the role of PPARδ–mediated Ccl20/Ccr6 signaling in GAC carcinogenesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The effects of PPARδ inhibition by its specific antagonist GSK3787 on GAC were examined in the mice with villin-promoter–driven PPARδ overexpression (PpardTG). RNAscope Duplex Assays were used to measure Ccl20 and Ccr6 levels in stomachs and spleens. Subsets of stomach-infiltrating immune cells were measured via flow cytometry or immunostaining in PpardTG mice fed GSK3787 or control diet. A panel of 13 optimized proinflammatory chemokines in mouse sera were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

GSK3787 significantly suppressed GAC carcinogenesis in PpardTG mice. PPARδ increased Ccl20 level to chemoattract Ccr6+ immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells, but decreased CD8+ T cells in gastric tissues. GSK3787 suppressed PPARδ–induced gastric immunosuppression by inhibiting Ccl20/Ccr6 axis. Furthermore, Ccl20 protein levels increased in sera of PpardTG mice starting at the age preceding gastric tumor development and further increased with GAC progression as the mice aged. GSK3787 decreased the PPARδ-upregulated Ccl20 levels in sera of the mice.

Conclusions

PPARδ dysregulation of Ccl20/Ccr6 axis promotes GAC carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment. CCL20 might be a potential biomarker for the early detection and progression of GAC.
Identification and characterization of TMV-induced volatile signals in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence for JA/ET defense pathway priming in congeneric neighbors via airborne (E)-2-octenal
Authors: Hong Yi , Zheng Qingxia , Cheng Lingtong , Liu Pingping , Xu Guoyun , Zhang Hui , Cao Peijian , Zhou Huina
Published: August 2023

Plants release a mixture of volatile compounds when subjects to environmental stress, allowing them to transmit information to neighboring plants. Here, we find that Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces defense responses in neighboring congeners. Analytical screening of volatiles from N. benthamiana at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) using an optimized SPME–GC–MS method showed that TMV triggers the release of several volatiles, such as (E)-2-octenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and geranylacetone. Exposure to (E)-2-octenal enhances the resistance of N. benthamiana plants to TMV and triggers the immune system with upregulation of pathogenesis-related genes, such as NbPR1a, NbPR1b, NbPR2, and NbNPR1, which are related to TMV resistance. Furthermore, (E)-2-octenal upregulates jasmonic acid (JA) that levels up to 400-fold in recipient N. benthamiana plants and significantly affects the expression pattern of key genes in the JA/ET signaling pathway, such as NbMYC2, NbERF1, and NbPDF1.2, while the salicylic acid (SA) level is not significantly affected. Our results show for the first time that the volatile (E)-2-octenal primes the JA/ET pathway and then activates immune responses, ultimately leading to enhanced TMV resistance in adjacent N. benthamiana plants. These findings provide new insights into the role of airborne compounds in virus-induced interplant interactions.
Patterns of Violence in the Pre-Neolithic Nile Valley
Authors: Brukner Havelková Petra , Crevecoeur Isabelle , Varadzin Ladislav , Ambrose Stanley H. , Tartar Elise , Thibeault Adrien , Buckley Mike , Villotte Sébastien , Varadzinová Lenka
Published: August 2023

Burial assemblages inform us about the biology of past societies, social relations, and ritual and symbolic behavior. However, they also allow us to examine the circumstances of death and social violence. A high level of intergroup violence among prehistoric hunter-gatherers is well-documented in some times and places but is extremely rare in others. Here we present an analysis of the perimortem injury to skeleton PD8 at the site of Sphinx in Central Sudan. This burial, attributed to the Early Khartoum (Khartoum Mesolithic) culture, radiocarbon dated between 8637 and 8463 cal BP, bears evidence of a perimortem sharp force trauma caused by penetration of an unshaped, fractured non-human bone between the right scapula and the rib cage. Among more than 200 anthropologically assessed human burials from the early Holocene Nile Valley reviewed in this paper, PD8 provides the only documented evidence of violence resulting in death. This rare case of death differs from the numerous cases of intergroup conflict documented in terminal Pleistocene burial grounds in Lower Nubia. This suggests different patterns of violence and strategies of conflict resolution in the pre-Neolithic (terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene) Nile Valley. We attribute this difference in the prevalence of interpersonal trauma to climatic and environmental conditions, territorial boundary defense, and post-marital residence practices before and after the Younger Dryas’ arid millennium (~ 12,800–11,600 BP).