bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Authors: Adnindya Msy Rulan , Septadina Indri Seta , Suciati Tri , Wardiansah Wardiansah
Published: May 2023

The mandibular nerve is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve. It innervates the mandibular teeth, gums, skin of the temporal region, ear, lower lip, the lower part of the face, muscles of mastication, and mucous membrane of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. The mandibular nerve is the main pharyngeal nerve arch. The sensory and motor fibers in the mandibular nerve originate from two roots: the sensory root, which originates from the semilunar ganglion, and the motor root, which originates from the motor nucleus. The mandibular nerve has a mixture of sensory and motor nerves and motor and sensory functions. Face, cheeks and temples, oral cavity, teeth and gums, nasal cavity and sinuses, and temporomandibular joints and muscles. Trauma to the mandible can damage or tear the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal, causing sensory loss distal to the lesion. Local anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve is generally reserved for dental procedures. Local anesthetic injection into the oral mucosa on the medial side of the mandible can also involve the nearby lingual nerve, thus affecting the tongue and the inside of the mouth. The close connection between the submandibular canal and the lingual nerve is important in root canal infections and surgical procedures.
Religion, Culture, and Modernity : Some Missiological Implications of the Process of Secularization in East Asia
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ng Gan-Theow
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the outcome of the process of secularization in three modernized urban Chinese societies in East Asia and seeks to describe the resultant patterns of change and continuity. Some missiological implications are drawn from the findings of the investigations. Chapter 1 is an account of the historical development of secularization in Western societies and the effects of secularization on religion, society, and the individual. The focus in chapter 2 is on worldview and worldview change and the functions of these in the process of secularization. A five-part theoretical paradigm of the traditional Chinese worldview analyzed vis-à-vis the themes, hierarchy, antiquity, particularity, harmony, and practicality is presented in chapter 3. In chapter 4 the impact of modernization and secularization on these Chinese societies end the emergence of a new hybrid worldview in which elements of both the traditional and modern are synthesized, are examined. Some aspects of the traditional Chinese worldview, such as affinity for hierarchy and antiquity, have gone through radical and perhaps irreversible change, whereas the Chinese esteem for particularity, harmony, and practicality has largely remained intact. Chapter 5 focuses on the implications of continuity and change, and seeks to show how these dynamic patterns of change have created new conditions conducive to mission. The missiological conclusions of the study are spelled out in categories: mission, conversion, and church. 1. The process of secularization has opened up a degree of freedom from family and historical tutelage. This signals new opportunities for mission. 2. The Chinese group consciousness calls for a rethinking of the evangelistic process to include a more family and group oriented approach. 3. The sense of unease induced by change has created an atmosphere in which the church as the Body of Christ needs to function as a socially supportive and meaning reifying community.
The Eschatological Judgment in Job 19:21-29 : an Exegetical Study
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Christo Gordon
Published: May 2023

Practically all scholars today acknowledge the juridical features of the book of Job. The purpose of this study is to identify the legal event that Job is understood to believe would take place in the eschaton. Chapter 1 first analyzes the significance of the place of our passage in the structure of the book. Job 19 is found to be the center of a structurally balanced composition. Further study of structure reveals that v s s . 25-27b can be viewed as: (1) the heart of the chiasm in 19:21-29, (2) the node of that speech, and (3) a pivot of the book. The immediate context of Job 19 is considered next. Though he echoes the vocabulary and imagery of Bildad, Job rejects his tenets: (1) that there is no future life, and (2) that rewards are given in this present life. In contrast, Job is seen to affirm a belief in vindication in a future life. Chapter 2 examines the vocabulary of Job 19:21-29. OT usage suggests that numerous words are technical terms from both the juridical and eschatological 'associated fields'. Comparison with other OT texts, whose contexts are considered established and which utilizes similar clusters of terms as our passage, confirms that Job 19:21-29 combines technical terms of both the juridical and eschatological 'associated fields', to describe an eschatological judgment. Chapter 3 begins with an interpretation of the passage by attending to its form. The poet appears to have selected the genre, structure, and poetic devices to give oody and shape to his message and to highlight the significance of vss. 25-27b in his thinking. The explanation of Job 19:21-29 is built upon the arguments of the previous chapters, and further confirms the thesis that Job believed he would die, but be raised for the purpose of vindication in the eschaton. The eschatological judgment is central to the solution of Job's problem. Ultimate vindication resolves the theological problem for the moral order of the universe, and trust in his redeemer enables Job to endure the existential problem of his suffering.
The Development and Administration of a Modified Community College-Type Program for Caribbean Union College
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ferdinand T. Leslie
Published: May 2023

Problem. Throughout the Caribbean Union College (CUC) constituency thousands of youth are unemployed and unemployable. They do not possess marketable skills. At present no church-operated educational institutions exist in the constituency to provide relevant education for 50%-60% of its young people. Methods. The survey method of research was used to compare the self-perceived educational needs of non-college-bound youth with the perceptions of board members/administrators, faculty/staff, alumni, students, parents/guardians, and other-adult SDAs of those needs in the CUC constituency. The population and sample were 93,140 and 1,903 respectively. A 56-item questionnaire was used. Chi-square was applied. The confidence level was set at.05. Community colleges catalogs were perused. Site-visits were made to community colleges in the U.S.A. and the Caribbean Union. Results. Findings from the survey revealed that there was the widespread perception that a comprehensive curricula at CUC which included diploma programs of a technical/vocational nature would help to meet the educational needs of the non-college-bound youth. A flexible admissions policy was advocated. Findings from community colleges catalogs and site-visits corroborated. They revealed that the community college "can best be summed up as a program for all" --designed to serve diverse populations of youth and adults. The occupational function, however, receives most attention from administrators. The focus is theassociate degree. Given its unique function, the community college has its own complex administrative structure. Conclusions. A community college-type program will facilitate CUC's extending educational opportunity to the non-college-bound youth of its constituency. The focus of development must shift from the liberal arts to one which includes the technical/vocational. A flexible admissions policy must be introduced. Thus, the hitherto unemployed and unemployable youth would be fitted with marketable skills. Such transformed youth could provide for their own and their families' well-being, and also assist in the advancement of their churches, societies, and nations.
Church, Sect, and Government Control, a History of Seventh-Day Adventists in Austria, 1890-1975
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Heinz Daniel
Published: May 2023

Seventh-day Adventism, a young American-based denomination, encountered strenuous opposition when it first reached Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century. This was especially true in Austria, where traditional allegiance to Roman Catholicism, linked with a strong emphasis on cultural continuity, constituted the tenor of social life. Although the Adventist church has been present in Austria for almost a hundred years, its influence and size have remained insignificant. Baptists and Methodists have had the same disappointing experience. Austria is certainly one of the most difficult countries for evangelical mission outreach in Europe. This dissertation not only describes the history of Seventh-day Adventism in Austria but also examines the relationship of the denomination to its political and religious milieu. How did the Austrian Adventists conduct themselves under the shadow of the predominant Catholic Church? How did they relate to the different forms of government such as monarchy, fascism, and National Socialism? Which missionary methods were employed to counteract the influence of alargely hostile church and state and to adapt to the environment? These and related questions are explored with the anticipation that this study may furnish valuable insights to stimulate further discussion of church-state relationships and to provide a basis for continuing investigation of the dynamics involved in encounters of minority religions with hostile socio-cultural settings. Chapter I sketches the origin and progress of the Adventist mission in Central Europe, dealing with the contributions of missionaries such as M. B. Czechowski, J. N. Andrews, and L. R. Conradi. Chapter II treats the difficult beginnings of Adventist mission work in Austria-Hungary. Chapter III describes Adventism during the interwar period. Chapter IV deals with Adventism in the corporative state and its adaptation during the Nazi period. Chapter V discusses the post-war development of Adventism until 1975. In overview, the Adventist church's adaptability from the outset of its existence in Austria facilitated denominational growth. The negative side of this approach was revealed during the Third Reich by the misuse of adaptability in making certain unwarranted concessions and compromises. Today flexibility still seems necessary to meet societal changes in Austria.
A Correlational-Developmental Study of Sexual Symbols, Actions, and Themes in Children's Kinetic Family and Human Figure Drawings
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Rodgers Peggy
Published: May 2023

Problem. Sexual characteristics normally included in children's drawings need to be identified. This study sought to gain definitive information regarding the relationship between (1) child's age, (2) child's sex, (3) media exposure, and (4) sexual characteristics included in Human Figure Drawings (HFD) and Kinetic Family Drawings (KFD). Method. The HFD, the KFD, and an interview schedule concerning exposure to various media were administered to 560 non-clinic and 81 clinic children, ages 6-18. Sexual characteristics in children's drawings and the amount and type of media the children had experienced were analyzed qualitatively and by Chi-square and Discriminant Analysis. Significance was set at .05. Results. Drawings contain different sexual characteristics as the child develops and matures. The HFD and the KFD were very similar. There were significant differences between sexual characteristics included in drawings of non-clinic and clinic children (those with sexual experience either as victim or perpetrator). Clinic children (ages 12-17) scored higher for omission of hands, fingers, feet, ears, nose, and mouth; large breasts, object in mouth, underdressed or naked, gender ambiguity, lack of curves, and were either very sexual or asexual. Hair emphasis, facial emphasis, circles, pockets, secondary sexual characteristics, long neck, and nurturance of mother were higher for non-clinic children. Media exposure influenced the type and amount of sexual characteristics children included in their drawings and was different for clinic and non-clinic children. Hard rock, hobby, sex, and teen magazines, pop rock music, educational and romance movies or videos, children's TV shows, theater attendance, and higher sexual content media were significantly related to sexual characteristics. Conclusions. Children of different age and sex include different sexual characteristics in their drawings. The HFD and KFD included many of the same sexual characteristics, which correlated with media exposure and actual sexual experience. Qualitative and quantitative differences exist between the drawings of children from non-clinic and clinic samples.
An Evaluation of Edward Heppenstall's Doctrine of Redemption
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Juárez Armando
Published: May 2023

One of the major problems in the study of the doctrine of redemption is that it has been linked to the cross while overlooking its etiological and eschatological perspectives. This has caused many to dissociate creation and redemption, leading to the acceptance of an evolutionistic approach to theology, and redemption and eschatology, leading to the mitigation of the connection of the two in the New Testament. While other Christian traditions emphasize the atoning death of Christ, Adventist theology has tended to overemphasize its eschatological significance. Thus, in Adventism, there is need to present a more balanced view of redemption. Edward Heppenstall was chosen as the subject of this dissertation since he more comprehensively deals with this doctrine. Factors that shaped Heppenstall's particular understanding of redemption are presented in a brief biographical, historical, and theological overview in chapter 1. His view on the scope and the need of redemption, the nature of man, and sin are discussed in chapter 2. Chapters 3 through 6 encompass Heppenstall's scheme of redemption, namely: its promise, its act and results, and its work of judgment. Each chapter analyzes the way Heppenstall links God, sin, law and covenant, Christology, salvation, and eschatology to his general view of redemption. In chapter 7, a comparison of his understanding of redemption is made to the views of other Adventist writers and with E. G. White. The final chapter evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of Heppenstall's model for describing redemption. It was noted that he did not develop a biblical foundation to support his view of the "great controversy." However, it was found that this motif is a valid biblical model for understanding the doctrine, since it forms an adequate foundation for a more comprehensive view of redemption. In relationship to his theology of redemption, it was pointed out that he gave little attention to some aspects of anthropology, and ecclesiology. At the same time serious questions are raised concerning his understanding of some aspects of the doctrine of the sanctuary. Positively, Heppenstall introduced new aspects in the biblical concept of the covenant and reemphasized some neglected aspects in the understanding of law, Christology, soteriology, and the sanctuary doctrine.
Reflection on the Impact of COVID-19 on International Education Landscape and Plan of Students’ Choice for Study Destination
Authors: Guiake Mathias , Mounton Njoya Felix
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 has affected and continues to impact several areas of human life and activity. With a particular focus on China, this reflection shares authors’ observation on how COVID-19 may affect international higher education landscape and future trends of students’ choice for study destinations. As internationals, one a PhD student and the other an assistant lecturer, we draw upon insights from recent research on the impact of COVID-19 on higher education and our observation. The observation revealed that the impact of COVID-19, in a context of nationalism rise and economic tension between China and many foreign countries, might not be of big impact on China as a host country. The successful battle China has been leading and keeping the situation under control, so far, reassures international students to consider China as rather a safe and protective destination for a future study plan. The reflection further revealed that the declining interest of Chinese students to study abroad after COVID-19 will rather empower the home country both in terms of economic income and scientific contribution. This reflection is one of the few studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on the international higher education landscape and the future trend of students’ choice for study destination by looking into China as a host country. The study has relevant policy implications on understanding and informing international education actors of the change that may occur on the international higher education landscape and the trend in student mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD)
Authors: Yenni Nuraeni Manalu
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Kelas IX-7  melalui strategi pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Student Team Achievement Divison (STAD) di SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli pada tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan menggunakan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas IX-7  SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli sebanyak 29 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah menggunakan test, angket dan observasi. Rentang nilai untuk tes  adalah 1-100. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah dengan perhitungan nilai rata-rata siswa, persentase nilai ketuntasan siswa dan persentase nilai siswa yang belum tuntas. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Student Team Achievement Divison (STAD) dengan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) Terdapat peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa, dimana pada tes awal rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 40,0 pada siklus I meningkatkan menjadi 66,21 kemudian pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 76,55. (2).Terdapat peningkatan jumlah siswa yang tuntas, dimana pada tes awal jumlah siswa yang tuntas hanya 0%, meningkat menjadi 65,52% pada siklus I kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 86,21% pada siklus II,(3).Terdapat penurunan jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas, dimana pada tes awal jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas mencapai 100%, pada siklus I menurun menjadi 34,48% kemudian pada siklus II menurun lagi menjadi 13,79% dengan kata lain hanya 4 siswa saja yang memperoleh nilai dibawah 60 dan selebihnya (25) siswa memperoleh nilai 70 dan di atas 70.
ФУНКЦІЮВАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ДИСКУРСУ В СУЧАСНОМУ КОМУНІКАТИВНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: СУКАЛЕНКО Тетяна , ШПЕТНА Світлана
Published: May 2023

У статті уточнені поняття «дискурс», «мовний дискурс», «військовий дискурс». Останній є специфічним типом мовленнєвої діяльності в сучасному комунікативному просторі. Здійснений огляд праць українських науковців з проблем, пов’язаних з функціюванням військового дискурсу, наповненням концепту «війна» різними образами, які утворюють своєрідну концептосферу. Визначені характерні тематичні групи й підгрупи військового дискурсу та встановлені особливості використання військової лексики у комунікації як військовослужбовців, так і цивільного населення. Доведено, що організація військового дискурсу має свої особливості, які позначені високим рівнем формальності та точності, що вимагає від співрозмовника дотримання певних правил у використанні мовних засобів. Такий підхід дозволив виокремити формальний і неформальний військовий дискурси, які є спеціальним мовленнєвим кодом, що використовується військовими установами та фахівцями для спілкування між собою, передачі команд і інформації в структурованому та професійному форматі. Виокремлені принципи побудови військового дискурсу, які залежать від контексту його використання. Зазначено, що військовий і воєнний дискурс є синонімічними поняттями, кожне з яких виконує свої функції. Увагу сфокусовано на використанні у військовому комунікативному просторі специфічних термінів, жаргонізмів, афоризмів, кодових слів, сленгу, мемів тощо. Розкрито можливості поповнення словникового запасу військовою лексикою завдяки появі неологізмів, наведено приклади їхнього вживання в процесі комунікації. Схарактеризовані особливості збагачення лексики військового дискурсу з початком війни росії в Україні.
Кримінальна політика у сфері покарань
Authors: Головкін Богдан Миколайович , Туляков Вячеслав Олексійович , Бурдін Володимир Миколайович , Романов М. В. , Сень Ірина Зеновіївна , Хильченко (Макаренко) Анастасія Сергіївна
Published: May 2023

Навчальний посібник присвячено засадам державної політики у сфері покарань, аналізу профільного законодавства, наукових підходів щодо змісту, цілей і системи покарань за кримінальним правом України, методології призначення покарань та механізму виконання покарань, з урахуванням практики ЄСПЛ. Надано характеристику видів покарань за кримінальним правом України, розглянуто проблеми удосконалення системи покарань у світлі проєкту нового Кримінального кодексу України, а також удосконалення порядку виконання покарань і здійснення пробації органами та установами Державної кримінально-виконавчої служби України. Призначено для студентів спеціальності 081 «Право», аспірантів, викладачів закладів вищої юридичної освіти, а також для суддів, прокурорів, слідчих, адвокатів, представників інших юридичних професій.
Міжнародні стандарти прав людини у кримінальному праві: компаративна перспектива
Authors: Лук’янов Дмитро Васильович , Марін Олександр Костянтинович , Сень Ірина Зеновіївна , Туляков Вячеслав Олексійович , Уварова Олена Олександрівна , Харитонова Олена Іванівна , Шостак Олена Миколаївна
Published: May 2023

В посібнику розглядаються міжнародні стандарти прав людини у кримінальному праві в глобальному, регіональному та локальному контекстах із застосуванням компаративної перспективи; окрема увага приділена питанню прав людини в часи конфлікту в кримінально-правовому вимірі. Світоглядні підходи до палітри юрисдикційних повноважень з кримінально-правового захисту прав людини та принципів кримінального права, поєднані з практично-орієнтованими дидактичними матеріалами, покликані сприяти розвитку кримінальної юстиції, орієнтованої на права людини, та вдосконалювати фахову юридичну підготовку користувачів посібника. Посібник призначений для магістрів, що навчаються за спеціальністю 081 «Право».
Cultural Cluster Development in the Yangtze River Delta: Realistic Bottlenecks, Driving Mechanisms, and Strategies
Authors: Wu Huiying , Lu Sijie , Lin Yunzhi
Published: May 2023

Regional economic integration has emerged as a significant focus for China in the post-pandemic era, as the nation seeks to establish mutually beneficial relationships with external economies and promote national development. In this study, the entropy method is employed to construct an index system tailored specifically to the four provinces within the Yangtze River Delta region. This research aims to explore the advantages and challenges of regional economic integration in China by conducting a comparative analysis of the Yangtze River Delta. The study also evaluates the merits and drawbacks of different integration models, drawing on examples from developed countries. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide insights and recommendations for China's regional economic integration, thus contributing to the country's overall prosperity.
The Effect of Smart Negligence on the Accounting Credibility Information in Light of the Current Crises
Authors: Abdoh Ahmad Jamil Mohammad
Published: May 2023

This study aims to reveal how financial managers succeed in managing companies in the light of the present crises caused by Corona pandemic, which negatively affected most companies and organizations through methods of smart negligence to ensure the continuity of the truthfulness of accounting information based those surrounding crises, and the continuity of growth of the companies before the challenges and risks that surround them. They incorporated a sample comprising financial managers in companies and organizations in Jordan. (80) questionnaires were distributed to the members of the sample. (74) questionnaires were used for the purposes of research and analysis, with a rate of (92%) of the distributed questionnaires. The study concluded the following: the commitment of the financial managers to the behavior of smart negligence in providing appropriate information to be relied upon to serve decision users in the light of the current crises, in addition to the application of the financial managers to the method of smart negligence in providing useful information with a high degree of confidence to serve the accounting processes in the company. The study recommended the need for the financial manager to strive to give honest and appropriate information in light of the current crises. Also, the financial manager should consider the reliability and credibility of accounting information in the light of the current crises, and for the financial manager to be keen on his efficiency, skill, and impartiality in providing information so that it does not serve one party at the expense of another one.
Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris untuk Anak Usia Dini dengan Fun English
Authors: Romala Almira Ghassani Shabrina , Wedhowerti Wedhowerti , Setiajid Harris Hermansyah , Manggala Simon Arsa , Astuti Epata Puji , Brameswari Catharina , Nirwinastu Diksita Galuh
Published: May 2023

The people of Nologaten RT 10 RW 04 needed help, especially regarding English. This is due to parents' lack of knowledge and education levels, so they could only guide their children with minimal access to effective learning materials for learners at an early age. Learning English from an early age is necessary so that in its later development, learners will easily master English. English Letters Department of Universitas Sanata Dharma designed a community service activity, i.e., English Training for Children at Nologaten RT 10 RW 04. The series of community service activities began in February 2022 to recruit volunteers. Then the program's implementation started in July 2022 and ended in August 2022; this community service activity is expected to further strengthen the image of Universitas Sanata Dharma as a university that is concerned with the interests of the community in general and will further enhance the 3C spirit (competence, conscience, compassion) among lecturers and student volunteers, as well as to make English Letters Department of Universitas Sanata Dharma give positive impact to society. The post-test results yield increasing scores of 28% compared to the previous pre-test in all three evaluation domains (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor). They are also interested in listening to others while speaking, showing good cooperation with other group members, starting a simple English conversation, and asking questions in correct grammar.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengawasan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Puskesmas Merlung Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Ema Nur
Published: May 2023

The analytical tool used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis to measure the level of training and supervision of employee performance. To see the direction of the relationship between leadership style variables and work climate on job satisfaction using multiple regression. Using a statistical test to see how much influence training and supervision have on the performance of Merlung Health Center employees, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, using correlation and determinative coefficient analysis. Multiple linear regression using this study with the aim of entering the data studied into a regression equation model and proving the hypothesis regarding the alleged influence (training and supervision) as a means of independent variables on employee performance (as the dependent variable) simultaneously (together). ) or partially (own) by using software called the SPSS program. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the coefficients for the independent variables X1 = -0.344 and X2 = -0.330. Thus the regression equation model is written. The constant (a) is 4.770, the value of the employee performance variable is 4.770. The regression coefficient of the X1 training variable is -0.344, that training has a negative effect on employee performance. X2 supervision of -0.330 negative coefficient value indicates that a 1% decrease in supervision will reduce employee performance by 32.3%. Then it will be concluded that training and supervision have a significant effect on employee performance at the Merlung Health Center, Tanjung jabung Barat Regency. And the results obtained from a significant value smaller than 0.05, namely training 0.002 < 0.05 and supervision 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that training and supervision have a significant influence on the performance of Merlung Public Health Center employees, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Penjualan, Debt To Equity Ratio terhadap Petumbuhan Laba pada Sub Sektor Industri Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2020
Authors: Sinurat Diki Martin Pangihutan
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of Independent Commissioners, Audit Committees, Institusional Ownership, and Managerial Ownership (Good Corporate Governance) on Tax Avoidance in Companies and Banks in Indonesia. The method used in this research in quantitative. The data are secondary data obtained from the anancial statements of Banking Companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015 – 2020 period. The population and the sampel used are Bank Companies that are under the auspices of BUMN (State Owned) with a total of four companies. The analytial method used is multiple linier analysis. Based on the results of the tests carried out in this study, can be seen from the F test and t test. Can be seen in the F test with result Fcount with FTable with significant level α = 0,05 can be known Fcount as big as 10,593 by comparing Ftable α = 0,05 with degress of freedom (df) n-k-1 or 24-4-1 = 19 Ftable value of 2,90 Fcount bigger than Ftable (10,593 > 2,90). The result on the t test partially Independent board of commisioners does not have a signifcant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 1,325 , Audit committees not have a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 0,522, Institusional ownership has a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 3,724, and Managerial Ownership not have a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 0,552. The results of this study can be concluded that simultaneously hassignificant effect on the independent variabel that is Independent Commissioner (X1) , Audit Committees (X2), Institusional Ownership (X3), and Managerial Ownership to the dependent variabel that is Tax Avoidance (Y).
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik terhadap Kinerj Karyawan pada Kantor Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Batanghari
Authors: Sary Mella
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is as follows: 1.) To find out and describe the work environment and employee performance at the office of the Regional Disaster  Management Agency of Batanghari Regency. 2.) To analyze the influence of the physical work environment on employee performance in the office of the regional disaster management agency of Batanghari regency. The type of data required and collected in this study is quantitative data. The object of this research is Office of the Regional Disaster Management Agency Of Batanghari Regency. Sources of data in this study are Office of the Regional Disaster Management Agency Of Batanghari Regency., and Questionnaires and respondents to the office of the Batanghari district disaster management agency. Based on the resuts of the study obtained linear regression value that is Y = 1.518 + 0.511 X, with a value of R and a R2 value of 0.238 in the test t work environment affects employee performance in the office of the regional disaster management agency with a value of 3.447 and a significant value of 0.001.The conclusion in this study is that the physical work environment significantly affects employee performance in the office of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Batanghari district this is evidenced by a significant value of 0.001<0.05 results coefficient of determination of 23.8% show the value of employee performance is influenced by the remaining physical work environment of 76.2% the value of employee performance is influenced or explained by other factors that are not studied. By this researcher.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas terhadap Return Saham pada Sub Sektor Konstruksi Bangunan yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2020
Authors: Putri April Nadia
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of simultan and partial variable Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, and Gross Profit Margin.This research uses descriptive quantitative method and the source of the data in thid study was obtained through several literatures related to research, the website of the company concerned, financial statements and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).The object of this research is a Building Construction Company which is one of the Sub-Sector categories on the Indonesian stock exchange with a research population of 18 companies, only 6 companies are the research samples according to the sampling criteria.The examiner shows that simultaneously Return On asset,Return On Equity,Net Profit Margin and Gross Profit Margin have a significant effect on stock Return.With a significant value of 0,026, the Return On Asset test partially has a positive effect with a significant value of 0,022 on stock Return. Return On Equity has no positive effect with a significant value of 0,086 on stock Return. Net Profit Margin has a positive effect with a significant value of 0,031 on stock Return. Gross Profit Margin has no positive effect with a significant value of 0,512 0n stock return. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin and Gross Profit Margin variables have a significant effect on stock Returns. Partially, return on Asset and Net Profit Margin have a significant effeck, while Return On Equity and Gross Profit Margin have no significant effect. For further writers, it is better to use more variables to see effect of variables on stock Returns,  so that investors can be taken into consideration in making decisions.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kota Jambi
Authors: Fitrhiyah Khalilah
Published: May 2023

Work supervision plays a very important role in employee performance. Therefore, the purpose of  this research is to describe the work supervision and performance of employees at work, and to find out and analyze the effect of work supervision employee performance at work in SDN 179 Tanjung Jabung Timur Kecamatan Nipah Panjang. Research methods in this study is descriptive and quantitative method. Data analyze use SPSS Ver 22 and using models simple linier regression with result of count Y = 1,116+0,527X+e. The test of determination with R2 of 37,6%. T test by comparison tcount 3,547 > ttable 0,3338 then Ho accepted Hi be. Rejected. To analyze the effect of work supervision on performance of employees on SDN 179 Tanjung Jabung Timur Kecamatan Nipah Panjang. The distribution of questionnaires with a population of 35 people in 2021 , then the formula used to find samples according to Istijanto (2009 :114)so that the sample in this study amounted to 35 people respondent.Work supervision regression coefficient (X) is 0,525, meaning that work supervision (X) has increased by 1%, so performance of employees at work (Y) SDN 179 Tanjung Jabung Timur Kecamatan Nipah Panjang. The coefficient of determination is known from the value of R2=0,376 (37,6%) which means that work supervision(X) is able to explain performance of employees at work (Y) at the SDN 179 Tanjung Jabung Timur Kecamatan Nipah Panjang that is equal to 37,6% and the remaining 62,4% is influenced by other variables. Not investigated in this study. Based on t-test, t-count value is 3,547  and the t-table is 0,3338. From the comparison results, it can be seen that  the test by comparison tcount 3,547 > ttable 0,3338 then Ho accepted Hi be. Rejected. Meaning that Work supervision affect c performance of employees at work at SDN 179 Tanjung Jabung Timur Kecamatan Nipah Panjang.
Pengaruh Proses Rekrutmen Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Bagian Produksi Perumda Tirta Mayang Kota Jambi
Authors: Pratama Julio Wandar
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of recruitment process on the performance of production employee at PERUMDA tirta Mayang Kota Jambi. This type of research is quantitative methods. The sample in this study were production employee of PERUMDA Tirta Mayang Kota Jambi, amounting to 94 respondents. The data used is primary data. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and the method of statistical analysis by simple linear regression analysis (Y = 18,081 + 0,307 X), in which the processing of data using SPSS 22 for windows and the method of hypothesys analysis by t-test. The results of this study indicate that : recruitment process variable has a significant effect on performance of production employee. Based on the result of R Square of 0,191 which show contribution of independent variable, namely employee performance by 19,1% while the remaining 81,9% explained by other variables that are not in the research regression model. The conclusion of the partial test is that recruitment process has a significant effect on performance of production employee at PERUMDA Tirta Mayang Kota Jambi, this is evidenced by the value of tcount > ttable (4,959>1,662).
Subgroup-specific gene expression profiles and mixed epistasis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lütge Almut , Lu Junyan , Hüllein Jennifer , Walther Tatjana , Sellner Leopold , Wu Bian , Rosenquist Richard , Oakes Christopher C. , Dietrich Sascha , Huber Wolfgang , Zenz Thorsten
Published: May 2023

Understanding the molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer is a prerequisite for effective treatment. For chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), recurrent genetic driver events have been extensively cataloged, but this does not suffice to explain the disease’s diverse course. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on 184 CLL patient samples. Unsupervised analysis revealed two major, orthogonal axes of gene expression variation: the first one represented the mutational status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) genes, and concomitantly, the three-group stratification of CLL by global DNA methylation. The second axis aligned with trisomy 12 status and affected chemokine, MAPK and mTOR signaling. We discovered non-additive effects (epistasis) of IGHV mutation status and trisomy 12 on multiple phenotypes, including the expression of 893 genes. Multiple types of epistasis were observed, including synergy, buffering, suppression and inversion, suggesting that molecular understanding of disease heterogeneity requires studying such genetic events not only individually but in combination. We detected strong differentially expressed gene signatures associated with major gene mutations and copy number aberrations including SF3B1, BRAF and TP53, as well as del(17)(p13), del(13)(q14) and del(11)(q22.3) beyond dosage effect. Our study reveals previously underappreciated gene expression signatures for the major molecular subtypes in CLL and the presence of epistasis between them.
Recovery of Glass Waste in the Manufacture of Cement Mortar
Authors: Razafimahefa M. V.  , Rajeriarison A. T.  , Randriantsimbazafy A.  , Rakotomamonjy P.  , Razafindramanga A.W.  , Rakotomamonjy L.  , Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua  , Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina B.
Published: May 2023

Almond powder of Irvingia smithii has been incorporated, at the doses of 25 and 50 %, in mice standard ration (prepared by Matadi mill), at INRB, composed of wheat flour, wheat bran and pellets for rabbits to evaluate weight gain, live weight gain and feed conversion and to assess motor activity after 50 days of feeding. Results showed an average increase in live weight gain of 31.08% and 8.36% for the groups of mice fed food supplemented with Irvingia smithii almond powder respectively at 25% and 50% higher than the group of control mice fed exclusively with the standard food. On the other hand, the food consumption index (F.C.I) was very low for the group of mice fed with the food supplemented at 50% (F.C.I. 27.73) and low for the group of mice fed 25% supplemented food (F.C.I. 64.83) compared to the control group (F.I.C. 108,14). In addition, the groups of mice fed the supplemented food did not show motor weakness, even fewer respiratory complications or health problems compared to the control during these 50 days of observation. Live weight gain sufficiently demonstrates the nutritional value of the kernel of I. smithii.
Efficacy of Intravenous Midazolam & Ketamine Combination in the Treatment of Shivering after Spinal Anaesthesia – A Comparative Study with Intravenous Midazolam & Pethidine Alone
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Hossain Mozaffar , Begum Rabeya , Alam Tanveer , Mondal Subrata Kumar , Rahman Abdur , Alam SM Shafiqul
Published: May 2023

Background: Post spinal shivering is very distressing for patients and may induce a variety ofcomplications.1 The principal reasons for hypothermia are - it leads to an internal redistribution of heatfrom the core to the peripheral compartment, loss of thermoregulatory vasoconstriction below the level ofthe spinal block and altered thermoregulation due to vasodilation and shivering thresholds3,4,5,21. Presentstudy demonstrated that the combination of midazolam and ketamine treats the hypothermia that isoften less effective with midazolam or pethidine alone.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of midazolam-ketamine combination over midazolam & pethidinealone in post spinal shivering.
Methods: This hospital based randomized double blind controlled study. One hundred fifty patients,classified by (ASA) physical status category I-II, were randomized by card method in three groups of 50patients each. Subarachnoid (spinal) anaesthesia was performed . The patients were randomly allocatedto receive 0.025 mg/kg midazolam + 0.25 mg/kg Ketamine (Group A), 0.035 mg/kg i/v midazolam(Group B), and 0.5 mg/kg i/v pethidine (Group C). After development of shivering, it graded and recorded.1st dose of drugs given as coded in syringe A,B,C. If the grade 3 or 4 after 15 min from the administrationof the study drug, the prophylaxis was regarded as ineffective and pethidine 25 mg intravenously wasadministered.
Result: Patients characteristics in respect of age, residence, others socio-demographic characteristics,ASA status and type of surgery were similar between the groups. Heart rate and mean arterial bloodpressure values were less and close to base levels without requirement of any other rescue medicationand remained stabilized throughout the intraoperative period in midazolam & ketamine (Group A)patient.
Conclusion: The most effective measures for prevention and treatment of post-spinal shivering are forcedair warming, fluid warming with combating pharmacological agents e.g. midazolam, ketamine, morphine,fentanyl, and pethidine etc. In our study midazolam plus metamine is more effective than other hadproven.
JBSA 2017; 30(2): 75-82
Anaesthesiologist today is multimodality specialist.
Authors: Rahman Md Abdur
Published: May 2023

Abstract not available
JBSA 2018; 31(1) 1-2
Troponin I, A Biomarker of Diagnosis of SIRS, Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Afroza Shahnaz , Begum Muslema , Chowdhury Iqbal Hossain , Hossain4 Md Mozaffer
Published: May 2023

Background: Sepsis related troponin elevation (SRTE) has always been the demand and supply mismatchtheory. In the setting of sepsis, the cardiac metabolic requirements are high and in order to meet theserequirements an increase in the coronary blood flow is needed. Patients with underlying anemia andpreexisting subclinical CAD may develop a mismatch ischemia in this setting. It was always thought thatsepsis-related hypotension causes a decrease in coronary perfusion pressure thus leading to a decreasedblood flow to cardiac myocytes and thereby leading to SRTE.
Objectives: To establish Troponin-I as a useful diagnostic marker for sepsis.
Settings and Study Design: This prospective study was carried out in the department of Anesthesia,pain, palliative and intensive care medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during July 2013 to June2015.
Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Anesthesia, pain, palliative and intensive caremedicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during July 2013 to June 2015. According to Troponin-I valuepatients were divided into Troponin-I positive and negative for sepsis. Three cut off values of Troponin-I(0.05, 0.035, 0.015) were used for this study. By using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve thebest sensitively, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive values of Troponin-I weredetermined.
Results: The validity of troponin I (>0.05 ng/dl) evaluation for blood culture positive were sensitivity45.0%, specificity 53.8%, accuracy 48.5%, positive predictive values 60.0% and negative predictive values38.9%. The validity of troponin I (>0.035 ng/dl) evaluation for blood culture positive were sensitivity57.5%, specificity 23.1%, accuracy 43.9%, positive predictive values 53.5% and negative predictive values26.1%. The validity of troponin I (>0.015 ng/dl) evaluation for blood culture positive were sensitivity72.5%, specificity 15.4%, accuracy 50.0%, positive predictive values 56.9% and negative predictive values26.7%.
Conclusion: The cutoff values of troponin-I (>0.035 ng/dl) observed more sensitivity of blood culture.
JBSA 2018; 31(1): 3-11