bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maintenance Culture Of Residents In Some Selected Low Cost Housing Estate In Lagos State
Authors: Lekan Amusan , Oluwaseun Oluwabusuyi , Judith Ezenduka , Moses E. Emetere , Dashe Chalya
Published: March 2021

Building infrastructures is part of what provides people with shelter, protection and comfort in a country. It is one of the major factors for survival and wellbeing of people. It is therefore very important that the facilities of buildings be constantly preserved and maintained well to meet up with occupants satisfaction therefore meeting the purpose for which they were built and developed. for. The sample size is the total number of observations, population elements of sampling unit that are selected for investigation in the study. The sample size of this study was developed from 3 selected low cost housing estate within Lagos and a relatively 75 questionnaires was distributed to various residents for evaluation of maintenance practice. The following facts were discovered in the study that low grade materials are mostly used in construction of low cost building which leads to major deterioration in component of the building, poor contribution of professionals and stakeholders in the construction industry to training programs and strategies from the factors for the good maintenance practices were insignificant among others. The study further recommend the following facts: Training and retraining of artisans and craftsmen should be embraced an essential strategy, construction firms should invest in the training and retraining of their craftsmen to promote optimum performance while construction professionals and stakeholders should contribute to the skills acquisition programmes both onsite and offsite
Response surface methodology for silicon production from bamboo leaves
Authors: Olawale O , Akinyemi B , Ogundipe S.J , Abayomi S.T , Adekunle A.A.
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the production of silicon from bamboo leaves to solve the challenge of silicon in solar market using Optimization approach. The effect of three independent variables of: temperature, time and amount of bamboo leaves were studied using Box Behnken design. The best process level observed from the Box Benhken Design and optimal predicted process were used to produce silica. It was then subjected to X-Ray Diffractometer to determine the most reactive silica. The most reactive silica observed was used to produce silicon. Silicon obtained was subjected to X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron microscope. It was concluded that nanosilicon was produced which can be used as a solar cell component to solve the challenge presently in the solar market.
Mapping typology of mangrove based on the level of damage and anthropogenic disruption in forest designation areas
Authors: Yusuf Dewi Nurhayati , Syaf H , Taufik M , Muhidin  , Gusnawaty  , Carong S R , Juita Nirmala
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is an archipelagic country, becoming one of the countries that have the largest area of mangrove forests in the world. Mangrove forests have a significant role, and its functions are perfect both directly and indirectly for the surrounding environment, especially for coastal residents, including preventing seawater intrusion, erosion, and coastal abrasion, as well as providing foodstuffs and becoming a nursery area for fish and invertebrates that live around it. However, mangrove forests throughout the world continue to experience pressure. The conversion of the function of mangrove forest land to other land uses to increase, for example, the conversion of mangrove forest land to ponds and residential areas, or the use of wood used as raw material for furniture and housing. In this case, human activities are considered to be the main cause of damage to mangrove forests. Therefore, it is essential to protect mangrove forests under pressure and rehabilitate mangrove forests that have been damaged. Budget limitations in the implementation of mangrove forest protection and rehabilitation programs cause the need to determine zones, which are work priorities in the implementation of the program. This study aims to determine the priority zones of work through the preparation of mangrove forest typologies based on the level of damage and the level of anthropogenic disruption in the area of forest designation through spatial analysis methods.
Community empowerment strategy at KPHL unit VI (Minahasa Utara-Bitung-Manado) North Sulawesi
Authors: Samperompon Alfredo M , Mahbub Asar Said
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine appropriate community empowerment strategies in the use of non-timber forest products and environmental services in the Protection Forest Management Unit (PFMU) with the SOAR method. Data were collected by observation, interview and questionnaire. Sampling using random sampling and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. Based on the results of SOAR analysis, community empowerment strategies using village funds to improve forest management and social forestry, improve training and develop the quality of farmers in utilizing NTFPs and utilize existing environmental services, provide access to communities in utilizing non-timber forest products and forest products and improve cooperation with village communities, especially with village-owned enterprises to utilize environmental services (nature tourism, water tourism and drinking water use).
The breeder behavior toward the helminthiasis treatment with medicinal worm candy
Authors: Prasetyanta Endra , Sulistiyono  , Supriyanto
Published: March 2021

The final task activity is conducted at Ngudi Rahayu Farming Groups, Giyanti Village, Candimulyo District, Magelang Regency from May3th to June 30th 2019. The purpose of this research is to know the breeder’s behaviour about the knowledge level, attitude level, and skill level of Helminthiasis treatment in cattle with routine and periodic treatment of worms. The methods of collecting samples of 30 respondents is purposive sampling method. That means the determination of the number of samples are the member of Ngudi Rahayu Farming Groups that qualify. The qualification are the member of farming groups that still active, educated, have a cattle, and following the counselling. Observed variables are the knowledge level, attitude level and skill level, than measured by linkert scale, data analyzed by descriptive analyse method. The results of this research show that the knowledge level is at know category with average score is 37,57, the attitude level is at agree category with average score is 22,6, the skill level is at skilled category with average score is 17,5. The behaviour with average score 77,6 is at very high category, effectiveness of counseling is 86, 30 is at effective category. The behaviour with average score 77,6 is at very high category, effectiveness of counseling is 86,30 is at effective category and has met the target with the purpose of agricultural extension program at 25%.
Evaluation of plant distance and composition of goat manure in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus l.) plant in supporting food security
Authors: Nurmas A , Rakian T C , Asdari N P E R , Tufaila M , Rahman A , Dungga N E
Published: March 2021

This study aims to evaluate the spacing and compost of goat manure at different levels to the growth and yield of okra plants in supporting food security. The study used a factorial randomized block design, with treatment spacing (60cm x 40cm; 70cm x 40cm; 80cm x 40cm) as the first factor and treatment of goat manure compost doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons ha- 1) as a second factor. Variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, 50% flowering age, number of fruits, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the BNJ test of 95%. The results showed that there was an interaction of plant spacing and compost doses of goat manure on the variable height of plants aged 14 and 28 DAP, the number of leaves 28 DAP, stem diameter 48 DAP age, and fruit weight. While plant spacing has an independent effect on the variable number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight and compost dosage of goat manure on plant height variables 42 days after planting, number of leaves aged 14 and 42 days after planting, stem diameter 28 days after planting, number of fruits and fruit weights. The combination of spacing of 80cm x 40cm with compost doses of goat manure 20 (tons ha-1) is the best treatment on the variable number of fruits and the weight of fruit of okra plants.
Reduction of inorganic fertilizers and application of antagonistic agents to the growth and severity of local gogo blast disease
Authors: Taufik M , Gusnawaty  , Yusuf D N , Botek M , Rahayu  , Sainul
Published: March 2021

Gogo rice is a potential food alternative to support national food self-sufficiency. But its productivity is still low compared to its production potential. The use of inorganic fertilizers that have not been optimal and infection with blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is the main obstacle in increasing the productivity of upland rice. This study aims to evaluate the application of inorganic fertilizers and antagonistic fungi to reduce the severity of blast disease. The design of the experiment uses a separate plot design. The main plot is inorganic fertilizer, and subplots are antagonistic agents Trichoderma asperellum and Paecilomyces sp. (EP11). The results showed that the combination of P2C1 and P2C2 was 50% inorganic fertilizer application (P2), T. asperellum (C1), and Paecilomyces sp. (EP11), produced some tillers that were not significantly different from the recommendation of 100% fertilization, namely 28.27 tillers and 31.27 tillers. There is no difference in the weight of 1000 upland rice seeds combined application of 75% inorganic fertilizer and antagonistic agent (P3C1) with 100% inorganic fertilizer application and 75% antagonistic agent (P4C1), but the application of endophytic fungi can increase the weight of 1000 grains of rice also able to inhibit blast infection up to 12 MST with disease severity still below 6%. Reduction of inorganic fertilizer up to 50% can be made by combining the use of antagonistic fungi, both T. asperellum and Paecilomyces sp. (EP11).
Modification of sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor l. Moench) using lactic acid bacteria from wikau maombo
Authors: Wahyuni S , Khaeruni A , Asnani  , Ramadhan R , Dewi N D P , Ramli A R
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) isolate types and LAB concentrations on sorghum fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics of sorghum flour. The sorghum flour was modified using a fermentation process with two types of LAB derived from wikau maombo (traditional fermented cassava used as local staple food), namely isolates UM1.3A and UM1.4A. Three levels of cell concentration measured by optical density (OD), each 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, at a wavelength of 600 nm with fermentation time 24, 48, and 72 hours. The best fermentation treatment using LAB UM1.3A isolates, with OD 0.75. The flour characteristic from the best treatment has a viscosity value of 16.18 cP, swelling power 8.17 (g / g), water solubility index (IKA) 16.35%, and the degree of acidity (pH) 6.92. The flour has proximate content in a row: water, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and total carbohydrates of 7.27% bb, 1.05% bk, 3.42% bb, 9.29% bk, 1.23% bk, and 87.43% bk. The results showed that the interaction of the types of LAB isolates and the concentrations of LAB isolates influenced the improvement in the physicochemical properties of modified sorghum flour.
A decrease in the activity of Hg2+due to the provision of humic acid and fulvic acid onentisols polluted by heavy metals of mercury
Authors: Isrun  , Cyio M B , Wahyudi I , Hasanah U , Mubarak H
Published: March 2021

Analyze the decrease of the concentration of heavy metals Hg2+on entisols polluted by mercury due to the provision of humic acid and fulvic acid of Tithonia diversifolia. There are nine levels: With no humic acid and fulvic acid treatments (FVA0); 50 ml of fulvic acid per kg-1soil (FA50), 75 ml (FA75),100 ml (FA100), 125 ml (FA125), 50 ml of humic acid per kg- 1soil (HA50), 75 ml (HA75), 100 ml (HA100), and 125 ml (HA125). The concentration of Hg2+in entisol was measured by means of Mercury Analyzer (AAS). The results revealed that regarding mercury content in the soil, fulvic acid had a better effect on the change of Hg- chelate compared with humic acid. Fulvic acid was able to increase Hg-chelate up to 96.58%, whereas humic acid by 83.06% at a dose of 125 ml kg-1entisols for 40 days of incubation.
The strategy in increasing participation of female farmers to actualize household’s food security in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Hayati  , Lanuhu N
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the ability, participation of female farmers, household food security status, and formulate a strategy to increase the participation of female farmers to achieve household food security. This research applies survey methods in four villages from two sub-districts that have the most farmer households and are classified as food insecure in East Lombok Regency with a total of 300 female respondents. The analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the SEM analysis explain that the factors that influence: 1) the ability level is the support of the provision of extension, access to resources, and the support of the socio-cultural environment of the community; 2) the level of participation is household socio-economic, access to resources, abilities, and personal characteristics; 3) household food security status is a personal characteristic, ability, and access to resources. Strategies for increasing the participation of female farmer in achieving household food security are increasing the ability of female farmers, increasing support for conducting education, increasing access to information, enhancing the quality of personal characteristics, enhancing household socioeconomic characteristics, strengthening supporting socio-cultural environment, and conditions ideal participation for female farmers.
E-Government technology and the policy implications to food security in conflict area
Authors: Pulubuhu D A T , Unde A A , Sumartias S , Sudarmo  , Seniwati
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on government efforts to overcome food insecurity through online social media. The purpose of this study is to answer the question why did Indonesian government adopt e-government technology, and what are the policy implications for food security? This research results that the Indonesian government uses e-government to provide excellent service to the community. E-government innovation aims to improve the quality of service processes of government institutions so that people can control the work of government even if they are in conflict areas.
Spatial characteristics of maize development and competitive profit in west Lombok regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sukardi L , Sjah T , Dipokusumo B , Akhsan
Published: March 2021

In addition to its function as the main food, maize has high economic value, so it deserves priority to be developed, including in West Lombok Regency. This study aims to: (1) assess the spatial characteristics of maize development, (2) analyze the competitive profit rate of maize, and (3) analyze the stabilization of maize yields in West Lombok Regency. This study uses descriptive method, with primary data sourced from 75 respondents and secondary data from 2000 to 2016. Data were analyzed by using the analyses of Localization Coefficient, Specialization Coefficient, Location Quotient (LQ), Basic Service Ratio (BSR), Regional Multiplier (RM), and Competitive Profit. The research concluded as follows: (1) The development of maize in West Lombok is not concentrated in certain areas only and does not specialize in maize commodity; (2) Maize has a competitive profit compared to other crops; with the average productivity of 6,190 kg/ha and the price of Rp 3,520/kg; and (3) The level of stability of maize productivity in West Lombok Regency, both for the period of 2000-2010 and 2011-2016 included as low stability.
Irrigation water economic valuation for irrigation water tariff basis
Authors: Sa’diyah H , Sjah T , Tenriawaru A N
Published: March 2021

This research is intended to develop economic instruments to increase water use efficiency in the agricultural sector on the island of Lombok. In the short term, this study aims to analyze the availability and demand of season-based and commodity-based irrigation water, estimate the economic value of irrigation water resources both surface water irrigation and groundwater irrigation, determine the optimal amount of commodity-based irrigation water contributions, and analyze the factors expected to influence its implementation. Trend Analysis and Residual Imputation Approach (RIA) are used to analyze water demand and estimate the economic value of water. The results showed that the availability of water determines the cropping patterns applied in the study area. The upstream area has a pattern of planting rice for three growing seasons or paddy-paddy-palawija. Then in the middle area paddy-paddy-palawija or paddy-paddy- horticulture and Paddy-palawija for downstream areas. Food crops grown include corn, soybeans and peanuts. The contribution value of water in creating the production value of rice, corn, soybeans and peanuts amounted to Rp. 1581/m3 (Rp. 14 720 691 /ha), Rp. 372 / m3 (Rp. 2 611 812 / ha), Rp. 693/m3 (Rp. 2 235 618/ha) and Rp. 1501/m3(Rp. 4 762 673 / ha).
Analysis of social and economic factors that affect rice farmers in Tincep Village, Sonder District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Katiandagho Theodora M
Published: March 2021

Rice productivity in Minahasa Regency in 2018, especially in Sonder Subdistrict, reaches 61.12 tons/ha. In addition to the highest productivity, Sonder sub-district, especially Tincep Village, is an area of lowland rice cultivation which has remained to this day. This condition is unusual to study and analyze in-depth how social and economic factors, as well as the local wisdom behind the rice farmers in Tincep Village, to continue farming and identify local knowledge that influences farmers to continue farming. Respondents were randomly selected as many as 50 smallholders. Analysis of the data used is a descriptive analysis that is analyzed using a Likert Scale. The results showed that in managing rice farming, the respondent farmers did not use local wisdom, but followed their desires based on their experience in agriculture.
Socio-economic adaptation strategy of farming communities after natural disasters
Authors: Sultan H , Abubakar I , Arfah S Y C , Sulaeman  , Demmallino E B
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is prone to natural disasters. It is being traversed by the meeting point of three tectonic plates, namely the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Pacific plate. The meeting point is in the sea. It will potentially cause a tsunami when if there is a big earthquake happens. The earthquake and tsunami disaster that occurred in Central Sulawesi also caused liquefaction (moving land). Liquidations that coincide with the earthquake are found in Jono Oge Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This incident caused some agricultural land, such as paddy, corn, and vegetable gardens, to move even to disappear. Some farmers lose the desire for farming, caused hampered to their socio-economic life. This study purpose of determining the social-economic conditions of the farming community after natural disasters. Also, to find out the strategies of the farming community to adapt to changes that happened. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The data used are primary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation studies as well as secondary data from various related agencies. Data analysis will go through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or data verification.
The potential of Southeast Sulawesi local gogo rice genotypes
Authors: Wijayanto T , Jaya A A , Nurleni  , Asniah  , Suliartini N W S , Satrah V N , Khaeruni A , Rahni N M , Tufaila M , Ibrahim T
Published: March 2021

One effort to obtain the superior rice genotypes, namely by selecting several local genotypes of Gogo Rice. This research aims to determine the diversity of components of production and production of some local south East Sulawesi Rice genotypes, the collection Faculty of Agriculture UHO. The planting material used is 8 (eight) local and southeast Sulawesi Rice genotypes. The study used the group’s randomized design, comprising 8 (eight) treatments (genotypes) and three repeats. To eight local Gogo Rice genotypes tested are: 1) yellow Loiyo genotypes, 2) White Loiyo genotypes, 3) Waburi-Buri genotypes, 4) Black genotypes, 5) Ngalaru genotypes, 6) of the Ungurunu genotypes, 7) Pae Momea genotypes, and 8) genotypes of Tinangge. The results showed the diversity of harvest age, the number of productive tillers, the amount of content grain, the total amount of grain, harvest index, the weight of 1000 grains, and the production of dried grain harvest from Gogo Rice genotypes in the test. From the eight locally southeast Sulawesi Rice genotypes tested. Two genotypes have high production potentials (on average of Gogo rice production), Ngalaru genotypes, and Tinangge genotypes, with the output of each 4.08 and 3.28 tons ha-1.
Decision-making process to purchase brown rice at the traditional market
Authors: Nadja R A , Amrullah A , Bulkis S , Heliawaty  , Aprilianti F , Abdullah M A
Published: March 2021

One of the most consumed rice types is brown rice. Consumer’s decision-making to buy the brown rice consist of several processes, which are discovering the needs, information search, alternative evaluation, make a decision, and post-purchasing behavior. This study aims to describe the decision-making process of buying brown rice by consumers. It is conducted in certain appointed traditional markets in Makassar, such as Pasar Daya, Pasar Panakkukang, and Pasar Terong. The research object is the consumer who directly bought the brown rice in the appointed traditional market. The method to analyze the data is qualitative descriptive. The result shows that consumers at those three traditional markets had completed the whole decision-making process.
Analysis of agricultural based commodities in Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Diansari P , Yunus S R , Arsyad M , Lanuhu N , Jamil M H , Mahyuddin
Published: March 2021

The agricultural sector is still an important, and potential sector when compared with the other sectors. Therefore, the development of agricultural sector should prioritize the potential of environmental resources and the ability of its people. This study aims to identify agricultural based commodities in Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. This study used secondary data from Agriculture and Plantation Agency, Bolaang Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province in 2012-2016 and then analyzed using the Location Quotient method. The results show there are 15 agricultural based commodities in the regency which are potential to develop. They are green beans, soybeans, corn, rice, candlenut, coffee, cocoa, pineapple, mango, mangosteen, spinach, long beans, kale, eggplant, and potatoes. As for now, the commodities that are the government’s main focus are soybeans, corn, rice, cocoa, pineapple, and potatoes.
A study on superior-environment friendly red potato production development
Authors: Rukmana D , Rahmadanih  , Tenriawaru A N , Darwis  , Arsyad M , Rauf R A
Published: March 2021

Hasanuddin University team has succeeded in applying the seed production technology of the Kentang Raja - known as the Red Potato - through tissue culture technology seed production can be driven 5-fold over conventional systems; the seeds of the Red Potato G0 have been tested. The long-term outcomes of the research are: (1) strengthening the role of farmers in a sustainable manner in the environmentally friendly Red Potato agribusiness in South Sulawesi; and (2) establishing a business network as a partner of Red Potato farmers, and a participatory farmer-based synergy to develop sustainable Red Potato agribusiness in South Sulawesi. The research findings were: (1) net income of Red Potato farm of IDR. 43,701,700 per hectare per season at cost efficiency (R / C-ratio) of 1.92; large production costs are the costs of seed and labor; labor costs represent 1/3 of the value of revenue after deducting the cost of production facilities; (2) the general distribution pattern of Red Potato production is the pattern in which the Red Potatoes from the farmers are sold to Large Traders, then sold to Retailers and Consumers in traditional markets of Makassar, this pattern runs relatively constant, business networks. The research suggests (1) Red Potato commodities as new varieties produced by Hasanuddin University, the farmers need to get subsidized seed prices from the government in order to increase farmer’s income and more vigorously develop Red Potato commodities; (2). The Gowa Regency Government needs to continuously improve the services to farmers and farmer groups through increasing the activities of the Agricultural/Rural Training Center and and the Agribusiness Sub-Terminal.
PT Chalodo Sibali Resoe’s Chocolate marketing strategy
Authors: Bakri R , Riskayani  , Fahmid I M , Delfi
Published: March 2021

The marketing strategy is an effort to find a safe and profitable marketing position in an ongoing business competition industry. Companies need to recognize the level of strengths and weaknesses in competitive activities because this will greatly help to recognize themselves in utilizing every opportunity that exists and try their best to avoid or minimize the risks or threats that will arise next. This study aims to determine whether the right strategy is applied to increase sales of PT Chalodo Sibali Resoe chocolate products in Masamba District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research uses a descriptive analysis method, internal and external matrices, cartesian diagrams, and SWOT matrices. The results showed that a viable strategy was adopted by PT Chalodo Sibali Resoe to support the company’s business development activities, especially in the field of marketing, including (1) Innovation of business premises as attractive as possible to create comfort and attract consumers’ interest to visit; (2) Producing chocolate products that have their characteristics; (3) Increasing production and product quality; (4) Development of marketing areas.
Margin analysis of rice market at Minasatene sub-district, Pangkep Regency
Authors: Rukka R M , Tenriawaru A N , Rahmadanih  , Nadja R A , Mahyuddin  , Heliawaty  , Amiruddin A , Handayani Fildha , Astina
Published: March 2021

Rice is a very important agricultural land commodity in Indonesia. Therefore, rice production must increase and maintain to keep rice supply undistributed. In the other case, we must increase the amount of land production, the efficiency of the rice marketing system, so rice distribution from the production center to the consumer center with low cost of the market. The purpose of this research is: To the analysis of marketing margin, each marketing institution of rice marketing channel, marketing margin shows, marketing margin channel I Rp. 2,133/kg, marketing channel II Rp. 3,333/kg, marketing channel III Rp. 2,833/kg and marketing channel IV Rp. 3,833/kg.
Lemang culinary business development strategy
Authors: Salman D , Safitri I , Rahmadanih  , Jayadi H
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by the many traditional foods in Indonesia, one of which is lemang. Lemang is a traditional food made from sticky rice raw material wrapped in banana leaves and put into a container in the form of bamboo originating from Bangkala District, Regency Jeneponto. This study aims to describe the strategy in maintaining relations with suppliers of raw materials, strategies in maintaining relationships with personnel work, strategies for maintaining the quality of lemang and analyzing the prospects for sustainability Lemang effort This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis tools used namely participatory observation and in-depth interviews, with research locations in the District Bangkala, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of the study concluded that: The strategy built by the trader viz. Maintaining relationships with material suppliers standard, Maintaining and establishing good relationships with workers. Keep on guarding the quality of Lemang itself to continuously increase sales volume as well as increase consumer loyalty in buying.
Characteristics of brown rice demand in Makassar City
Authors: Mahyuddin  , Ibrahim Tamzil , Fadyah A N
Published: March 2021

The demand for brown rice keeps continuing to increase along with people’s prosperity, which is marked by higher prices than ordinary rice. This research aims to know about the characteristic of brown rice demand from consumers, environment, and volume of brown rice itself and also to maintain the correlation between consumer characteristics and the environment with the volume of brown rice in Makassar city. This research is taking time about one month from January until April 2018. Sample of this research using random sampling with 96 respondents. Methods of analyzing data using Descriptive analysis and Chisquare analysis. The result of this research can be concluded that respondents who consume the brown rice were dominated by the female with 40 years above age, married status, the job as a civil servant, and educated. Another result concluded that there is no correlation between consumer characteristics and volume of brown rice’s demand based on respondent identities such as by gender, age, education, and revenue status of the respondent. There is a correlation between consumer characteristic with the volume of brown rice based on the number of family members who consumed the brown rice, their reason for consumption, the intensity of purchase and frequency of purchase. On the other side, there is no correlation between the characteristics of the environment with the volume of brown rice based on place distance, services, the scope of transportations service, place of origin, taste, the feeling of purity, and the color of brown rice itself. And there is a correlation between the characteristic of environmental with the volume of brown rice based on place of purchase and the quality of brown rice.
Forest resource accounting: Physical accounts and monetary accounts for sugar palm in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Makkarennu  , Caroline A , Supratman
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is to analyze a balance sheet giving a profile of what stocks of the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) resource are available at a given point in time and prepare an account of what uses are made of these stocks, what sources they are derived from and how they are added to or transformed over time. This study was conducted at the Bonto Sinala Village, Sinjai District, South Sulawesi. The method used in this research is resource mapping, observation, and interview. The physical accounts and monetary accounts are analyzed by calculating the number of initial reserves in the study year, plus planting then deducting the amount of depletion so that the final amount of reserves will be obtained. The results show that the final reserve of palm sugar seen from the physical balance sheet had a value of 339.360 kg and a monetary balance of IDR 9.048.933.384. The utilization of sugar palm will shrink every year if there is no sustainable management of forest products.
The direction of land-use for hydrology balance and development of low-carbon emissions in the Jenelata Catchment area
Authors: Nursaputra M , Barkey RA , Rijal S , Anila C , Mappiasse MF
Published: March 2021

The catchment area is part of the Jeneberang watershed. Based on Presidential Regulation No. 3 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Implementation of National Strategic Projects, the Jenelata catchment area is one of the acceleration programs for the construction of the Jenelata Dam. Changes in land-use that continue to increase in the Jeneberang watershed, especially in the Jenelata catchment area, have resulted in the conversion of vegetated land cover to non-vegetation. Related to the threat of the sustainability of the Jenelata Dam function after it has been built, it is necessary to study the right direction of land-use to maintain the equilibrium of hydrological conditions and the level of carbon emissions in the future. The hydrological analysis was carried out using the SWAT hydrological model and to determine the level of carbon emissions calculated by the LUMENS software using the QUES (Quantification of Environmental Services) module of the actual land-use scenario in 2018, the land-use scenario in 2023 (if the dam operates there will be land flooded areas) and land-use scenarios in 2032 (based on regional spatial plans at the end of the planning year). The result shows that from the impact of land-use changes, the Jenelata Dam hydrological condition in terms of water availability will be decreased by 323,74 million m3 in actual condition, 275,83 million m3 in the period 2023 and 274,66 million m3 in period 2032. While the level of carbon emissions is known to be increased by 314.052,00 Tons CO2-eq in actual condition, 358.237,16 Tons CO2-eq inland changes condition 2019-2023 and 1.595.972,83 Tons CO2-eq in land change condition 2023-2032. Thus, it is necessary to make the direction of land-use by concerning the conditions of determination of the forest area function.
Performance Comparison Analysis of Fixed and Solar-Tracker Installed Panel at PV System
Authors: Wibowo Herdian , Bow Yohandri , Sitompul Carlos R
Published: March 2021

Energy generation by conventional energy has been an issue in many countries due to more demands and less supply and getting lesser by the years. This condition urges all the countries in the world to search for other alternatives of energy generation and the desired one is the one with unlimited sources. This unlimited source or self-renewable is called renewable energy. PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU-III Plaju as a state-owned enterprise is committed taking the active role in supporting the government in the campaign of using renewable energy in generating electricity. PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU-III Plaju installed a 3 x 3000 WP PV system to supply the managerial building, and this PV system is considered a research device to develop the possibility of substituting the conventional energy with renewable energy. This paper discussed the performance comparison of the fixed panel and solar-tracking solar panel application for the PV system in PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU-III Plaju. The performance analysis is including final yield, reference yield and performance ratio. Experiment results show that the fixed panel has more energy production with the average percentage of final yield is 3.3% and capacity factor is 13.6%, while the PV panels with solar-tracker have the average final yield of 2.3% and capacity factor of 9.6%. Therefore, this study shows that the application of solar-tracker is not necessary for PV panels in Palembang, due to the average maximal power achieved from 11 AM to 02 PM every day.
Analysis of Air Fuel Ratio on Combustion Flames of Mixture Waste Cooking Oil and Diesel using Preheating Method
Authors: Bow Yohandri , Effendi Sahrul , Taqwa Ahmad , Rinditya Gilang , Pratama Muhammad Yori , Rusdianasari
Published: March 2021

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source results in depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Utilization of used cooking oil as an alternative fuel is one solution to overcome this problem. This study objective is to design a stove fueled by waste cooking oil and determine the optimum air flow rate and fuel flow rate in combustion. This study uses the used cooking oil as the main fuel, and diesel fuel as a mixture with a mixture of 100% used cooking oil, used cooking oil 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 to diesel fuel. Fuel valve opening variations used are ¼ open, ½ open, ¾ open, and fully open, while the variation in air flow rate used is 14.91; 19.24; 27.64; and 31.28 m/s. The fuel samples used were tested for the heating value, flash point and fire point, fuel density, and water fuel ratio (AFR) analysis and water boiling test (WBT). The results showed that used cooking oil had a heating value of 37,231.11 kJ/kg, flash point 289ºC, and fire point 305ºC. To achieve optimum AFR conditions (12-16:1) at a fuel flow rate of 2.5 mL/min (¾ valve open) and an airflow rate of 27.64 m/s, and WBT analysis with 221 mL fuel consumption requires a long time boiling water 16’23” minutes. Conversion of used cooking oil to kerosene fuel is 1 liter of used cooking oil equal to 0.3 liters of kerosene.
A Correlation between the Microclimate Forest to the Diversity of Orchids at Climate of the Lowland Dipterocarp Forest in Malinau Regency
Authors: Sujalu A P , Syahfari H , Astuti P , Jannah N , Sutejo H , Jumani
Published: March 2021

This research evaluated forest microclimate effects on biodiversity, explore relationships among canopy properties, and disentangle their relationship on orchid ephypite diversity in the climax. The presence of orchids data collection carried by census on every tree that is over grown, while the research plots using single plot to the extent of 6 plots, each of the sized of 100 x100 m of lowland dipterocarp forest in Malinau Regency. Overall number of orchids were found in 6 hectares of climax forest could be 3324 clumps or 554 clumps/hectares from 43 species especially of the genus Bulbophyllum (7 genus or 35%). The analysis used a multiple linear regression, while Pearson’s correlation method. was used to find out the correlation between X (climate parameters) and Y (number of orchid) variables. Correlation between the elements of micro-climate with a number of orchids in climax shows a positif and strong correlation between the presence of orchids with average daily humidity (0.99) and the intensity of radiation at each vertical tree stratum (0.95), instead the relationship with temperature showed negative and a weak correlation (-0.51).
Milk Quality of Etawa Dairy Goat Fed Palm Kernel Cake, Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Sweet Potato Leaves (Ipomoea batatas L)
Authors: Arief  , Jamarun N , Satria B , Pazla R
Published: March 2021

This research aims to evaluate the milk quality of Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goat (ECDG) fed palm kernel cake concentrate (PKCC), tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and agiculture waste (sweet potato leaves, Ipomoea batatas L.). The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments of rations and 4 replications. Treatment A = 100% tofu waste + tithonia, B = 75% tofu waste + 25% PKCC + (tithonia + sweet potato leaves), C = 50% tofu waste + 50% PKCC + (tithonia + sweet potato leaves), D = 25% tofu waste + 75% PKCC + (tithonia + sweet potato leaves), E = 0% tofu waste + 100% PKCC + (tithonia + sweet potato leaves). The ratio of concentrate and forage is 40:60. Comparison of titonia and sweet potato leaves is 50:50. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test) according to Steel and Torrie (2002). The measured parameters are the quality of milk consisting of protein, fat, solid nonfat (SNF) and dry matter (Kjheldal Method). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on protein, fat, solid non fat (SNF) and dry matter. The conclusion of this study is the use of PKCC up to level 100%, titonia and sweet potatoes are able to replace ration without reducing the quality of milk.
Utilization of Teak Leaf Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Dyes
Authors: Kusumawati N , Samik  , Muslim S , Kistyanto A
Published: March 2021

As the second largest teak producer in the world, the abundance of teak leaf waste in Indonesia is inevitable. However, until now the effort to convert this material into functional products with high economic value is still very limited. In this study the potential utilization of teak leaf waste as an environmentally friendly dyeing material for the batik industry is examined. To be applied, extraction of teak leaves is carried out in a water solvent. Optimization of dyeing in cotton fibers is done by involving the use of positively charged alum mordant which can bridge the reaction between cotton fibers and antosianin in teak leaf extract which are both dominated by negative charges. The results showed the appearance of a light brown color on all cotton fibers, both fixed with iron (II) sulfate, alum and lime. However, the intensity of the color produced by each fixer varies in the range of 57.94% -84.62%. In line with this, the resulting fastness also varies on the staining scale 3 and 4. Dyeing with the highest intensity and fastness results from fixation using iron (II) sulfate. While alum and lime fixers tend to produce opposite intensities and fastness. This value shows the high potential of teak leaf waste material to be developed as a substitute for synthetic dyes with high toxicity in cotton fiber dyeing.
Effect of Fermentation Media on the Quality of Arabica Wine Coffee
Authors: Sulaiman Ismail , Erfiza Novia M , Moulana Ryan
Published: March 2021

The fermentation of arabica wine coffee from the cherry is one of the methods in processing the coffee which has the wine taste. The selection of media of fermentation is also one of the factors influencing the taste of the arabica wine coffee. The difference in the fermentation process of the coffee bean affects the taste and quality of the coffee. The fermentation process can take place in the aerobic, anaerobic and semi-aerobic state. The process is a fermentation using a glass bottle, can, and a plastic sack as the media and kept in the storage for seven days. After the fermentation, the coffee was dried for 21 days until the moisture content reaches 10% and the total bacteria were enumerated. The enumeration of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) which was conducted before and after fermentation with a dilution factor of 10-1 to 10-6 shows that the total LAB tends to decrease along with the higher factor of dilution. This result comes from the dilution factor of 10-4 to 10-6 with the total bacteria of 2 to 8 colonies depends on the number of dilutions. The sample analysis used was cupping test which gives the result that the coffee aroma of ages, woody, strawy, fermented, clean and fresh, which is the characteristics of wine taste. The best container obtained in this research is the coffee which fermented in a glass bottle and can. Meanwhile, the coffee fermented in a plastic sack was highly contaminated when the fermentation occurs.
Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Leucaena Leucocephala Pods Using Deprotenization and Decolorization Steps
Authors: Aridi A. S. , Yusof Y. A. , Chin N. L. , Ishak N. A. , Yusof N. A. , Manaf Y.N.
Published: March 2021

Chitosan was extracted from Leucaena leucocephala (LL) pods collected from three locations in west coast Malaysia. The primary objectives of this study were to extract and characterized the extracted chitosan pectin from LL pods. Besides that, the physicochemical properties of extracted chitosan were determined and compared with the commercial chitosan. Chitosan A extracted from LL pods gave a higher percentage of yield compared to chitosan B, 70.9% and 67.6%, respectively. Besides that, the color analysis and whiteness index of both extracted chitosan were evaluated. From the data obtained, chitosan B has higher whiteness index, which is 61.6% and chitosan A was only 48.5%. Based on this study, it can be concluded that decolorization treatment with method B produced chitosan with a higher percentage of whiteness index compared to decolorization treatment with method A.
Physicochemical Properties of Peking Duck Skin Gelatin Extracted Using Acid Pretreatment (ADS) or Mixed Alkaline-Acid Pretreatment (ALDS)
Authors: Teng Ng Yee , Huda Nurul , Mohd Shariff Amir Husni , Nafchi Abdorreza Mohammadi , Zakaria Zarinah
Published: March 2021

Duck skin is the by-product of duck meat production, and it is a readily available source of gelatin that may serve as an alternative to gelatin made from pigs and cows. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Peking duck skin gelatin were assessed. Duck skin gelatin was extracted using acid pretreatment (ADS) or mixed alkaline-acid pretreatment (ALDS). The extraction yield of ALDS (1.95%) was significantly higher than that of ADS (1.33%), and the recovery of protein of ALDS was 46.47% compared to 43.77% for ADS. The bloom value of ADS (364.10 g) was significantly higher than that of ALDS (205.13 g) and commercial type B bovine gelatin (BG, 224.20 g). The high bloom value of ADS and medium bloom value of ALDS mean that they can be used in many food applications. The hydroxyproline content of ADS (13.84 g/100 g) also was significantly higher than that of ALDS (10.25 g/100 g) and BG (12.87 g/100 g). The pH of ADS and BG (5.31 and 4.90, respectively) did not differ significantly, whereas the pH of ALDS was 8.34. Viscosity values of ADS and ADLS were 13.51 and 12.35 mPas, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of BG (3.62 mPas). Overall, these results show that duck skin is a potential raw material for gelatin production, as it has a high bloom value and is readily available in Malaysia.
Physicochemical Properties of Sago Flour Food Bars Fortified with White Sweet Potato Flour and Sidat Fish Flour
Authors: Rasulu Hamidin , Rodianawati Indah , Hasbullah  , Albaar Nurjana , Umalekhoa Irnawati , Kamaluddin Abdul Kadir
Published: March 2021

Food bars are alternative fast foods with high calorific value because they are enriched with various nutrients available in natural ingredients. While the benefits that can be obtained from food bars made from various flour are the nutritional value in food bars such as calories, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, protein fats, water, ash, and fibre. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a type of plant whose roots are edible. All sweet potato varieties can be used in making flour, sweet potato flour is a crushed sweet potato which is partially removed from its water content. The use of protein fortification of eel fish will enrich the nutrition of food products. The purpose of this study is expected to provide information about sweet potato plants as a source of carbohydrates that can be processed in making white sweet potato flour and eel fortification sago flour as an alternative food. So the researchers used a Completely Randomized Design, which consisted of one factor with the type of sweet potato flour, sago flour, fortification of eel fish meal. Morphological results of starch granules morphology in food bar products using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Starch granules micrographs in food bars in all treatments show that starch granules are not compact and still have quite large fibre between starch granules, and have non-uniform starch granule density due to fibre. In addition, the nutritional content of food bars shows that the use of sweet potato flour and sago flour, as well as the fortification of 5% eel fish meal (T2), provides the best value of formulation treatments that are recommended for development as food bar products. However, it is necessary to add other nutrients such as vitamins, minerals to enrich the nutritional value of food bars as energy and nutritious fast food.