bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited Exercise Capacity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Identifying Contributing Factors with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Martis Nihal , Queyrel-Moranne Viviane , Launay David , Neviere Rémi , Fuzibet Jean-Gabriel , Marquette Charles-Hugo , Leroy Sylvie
Published: November 2017

Objective.

Exercise limitation in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is often multifactorial and related to complications such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary vasculopathy (PV), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), and/or peripheral/muscular limitation (PML). We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) could not only suggest and rank competing etiologies, but also highlight peripheral impairment.

Methods.

Clinical, resting pulmonary function testing, and CPET data from patients with SSc referred for exercise limitation between October 2009 and November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed in this bi-center study. Patients were categorized as having ILD, PV, LVD, and/or PML based on CPET response patterns and the diagnoses were matched with results from the reference investigations. The latter consisted of transthoracic echocardiography, chest computed tomography scan, and right heart catheterization (RHC).

Results.

Twenty-seven patients presented with CPET profiles consistent with ILD (n = 16), PV (n = 15), LVD (n = 5), and PML (n = 19). None of the subjects had a normal CPET profile. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between resting DLCO, on the one hand, and dead space to tidal volume ratio and alveolar–arterial gradient [P(Ai-a)O2] on the other (p < 0.005). CPET identified 90% of patients with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest ≥ 21 mmHg measured by RHC (n = 10). Peak P(Ai-a)O2, taken independently from other variables, was crucial in distinguishing subjects with ILD from those without ILD (p < 0.05).

Conclusion.

CPET is useful for the characterization of multifactorial exercise limitation in patients with SSc and in identifying SSc-related complications such as ILD and PV. This study also identifies PML as an underestimated cause of exercise limitation.
Improving Access to Rheumatologists: Use and Benefits of an Electronic Consultation Service
Authors: Rostom Krista , Smith C. Douglas , Liddy Clare , Afkham Amir , Keely Erin
Published: November 2017

Objective.

To describe the use and benefits of an innovative eConsult service to improve access to rheumatologists.

Methods.

There were 225 eConsults directed to rheumatology that were categorized by type of question and effect on face-to-face referral rates.

Results.

The median response time by the rheumatologists was 1.9 days. Clinical questions included drug treatment (34%), diagnosis (26%), or management (14%). Osteoporosis was the most common diagnosis (22%), followed by pain in multiple joints (11%), and polyarthritis (10%). A face-to-face referral was avoided in 38% of cases.

Conclusion.

There are clinical questions that can be answered quickly by an eConsult, improving access to rheumatologists.
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of the Liver: A Rare Vascular Complication in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Graf Laura , Dobrota Rucsandra , Jordan Suzana , Wildi Lukas Martin , Distler Oliver , Maurer Britta
Published: November 2017

Objective.

To investigate nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) as a vascular complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with microvasculopathy as a common denominator.

Methods.

Cases of SSc-NRH were identified by systematic literature review and by screening the Zurich cohort. NRH had to be diagnosed by liver biopsy.

Results.

Literature review retrieved 22 cases. In our cohort, 1.4% of patients with SSc were diagnosed with NRH. Most had vasculopathy, were positive for anticentromere antibodies, had elevated alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, normal liver morphology on ultrasound yet increased stiffness on ultrasound elastography, and had portal hypertension.

Conclusion.

NRH might represent a rare yet potentially life-threatening vascular complication in SSc.
Multimodal Approach to Identify Learning Strategies of Visual and Verbal Learners
Authors: Sethi Mahendra Ambadas , Lomte Santosh S , Shinde Ulhas B
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a multimodal approach to identify learning and learning assessment strategies of visual and verbal learner. V-Square test identifies visual and verbal learners. It uses questions related to visual/verbal dimension of Felder Silverman Model. Learning strategy test identifies the learning strategy of visual, verbal and balanced learner. Learning assessment test deduces assessment strategies for these learners. Both tests uses questions associated with aural and read/write dimensions of VARK model. This paper summarizes data analysis of 62 participants collected in a web based eLearning environment. Analysis serves an important parameter for development of learning and learning assessment objects.
Is Facebook a Suitable Tool in Modern World Technology for Active Learning in as Regards 21st Century Learning?
Authors: Thinnukool Orawit , Kongchouy Noodchanath
Published: November 2017

The style of learning nowadays has been changed especially for students of Generation Z. The suitable technique for teaching courses needs to be adopted to improve the learning effectiveness of students. Technology in modern world affects student learning abilities especially in 21st century learning, which require students to learn by doing.

Tools and environment are aspects that can encourage students to have high learning efficiency. A powerful tool Facebook was used as a tool to support students’ learning. This study aims to research and test learning efficiency and student satisfaction in the course of rapid application development by setting two environments in the classroom. The experiment found that two environments had two different outcomes, which can suggest that setting up active learning environment in the classroom proves to be beneficial. Interesting results and implication for research are discussed.
Adoption of Flipped Classrooms in K-12 Education in Developing Countries: Challenges and Obstacles
Authors: Kashada Abubaker , Li Hongguang , Su Chong
Published: November 2017

The popularity of flipped classrooms has been growing worldwide and developing nations have not been left behind. It is a model that reschedules time spent in an outside classroom and its main strength is the shifting of learning ownership from the teacher to the student. This study investigates the challenges and obstacles of adopting flipped classrooms in K-12 education in developing countries. The methodology used to identify the challenges facing flipped classroom adoption in developing countries was based on the three research questions. With this in mind, the study reviewed publications on the topic after searching them in the major databases. The results showed a positive relationship between adoptions of flipped classrooms to student achievement. However, students’ attitude had a positive, neutral and negative relationship to the adoption of flipped classrooms. Additionally, a set of challenges were identified in this study.
Experimentation of a Multidimensional Model for Tracking Interactions Between Learners During an Online Collaborative Work
Authors: Salihoun Mohammed , Guerouate Fatima , Sbihi Mohamed
Published: November 2017

The development of e-learning systems has started a revolution for instructional content delivering, learning activities, and social communication. Although the benefits of e-learning have been discussed in various previous studies; it is a critical issue of better understanding the reasons why some learners are isolated during the e-learning experience. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional model on tracking interactions between learners via four dimensions: (1) an affective, (2) a participative, (3) an interactive and (4) a technical one. Tracking course learner’s behaviour within the learning environment can provide the tutor a large set of indicators. The main objective of this study is to provide the tutor the opportunity to rebuild the working groups based on theses different indicators. The analytical results strongly support the appropriateness of the proposed model through tutor's satisfaction. The findings of an empirical study of 12 work‐based teams are discussed.
Nur77 Is Upregulated in B-1a Cells by Chronic Self-Antigen Stimulation and Limits Generation of Natural IgM Plasma Cells
Authors: Huizar John , Tan Corey , Noviski Mark , Mueller James L , Zikherman Julie
Published: November 2017

B-1a cells are a unique population of innate-like B cells with a highly restricted and self-reactive BCR repertoire. Preimmune “natural” IgM produced by B-1a–derived plasma cells is essential for homeostatic clearance of cellular debris and forms a primary layer of protection against infection. In this study, we take advantage of a fluorescent reporter of BCR signaling to show that expression of the orphan nuclear hormone receptor Nur77 is upregulated under steady-state conditions in self-reactive B-1a cells in response to chronic Ag stimulation. Nur77-deficient mice exhibit elevated natural serum IgM (but not IgG) and marked expansion of IgM plasma cells of B-1a origin. Moreover, we show that Nur77 restrains the turnover of B-1a cells and the accumulation of immature IgM plasma cells. Thus, we identify a new critical negative-regulatory pathway that serves to maintain B-1a cells in a quiescent state in the face of chronic endogenous Ag stimulation.
Correlative Microscopy in Life and Materials Sciences
Authors: Meschini Stefania
Published: November 2017

The conference aims to update participants on innovative microscopic equipment which, by correlating the various features of optical and electron microscopy, can maximize the potential applications of morphological and ultrastructural methods. The conference will address the limits of sample preparation, the optimization of image processing, and the critical analysis of experimental results with different materials.
Conceptualising a multidimensional model of information communication and technology project complexity
Authors: Joseph Nazeer
Published: November 2017

Background: Information communication and technology (ICT) projects are different from other projects, such as construction, and require a new perspective to determine their true nature. The lacklustre state of ICT projects has plagued researchers and practitioners for decades as they are yet to understand why ICT projects do not perform. Literature places significant emphasis on success criteria and success factors for determining project success, but this is a unilateral view as the level of complexity involved is underestimated. ICT projects, however, are multifaceted as there are a number of dimensions that influence the management and outcome of a project.Objectives: This article aimed to illuminate how the dimensions are interdependent and interconnected through the construction of a conceptual model of ICT project complexity.Methods: Content analysis was used to identify and understand the various dimensions and facilitated construction of the model.Results: The article identified five dimensions that affect ICT projects, viz. project success, project lifecycle, project complexity, project types and project methods. Each dimension was analysed to understand the key constructs and elements that need to be considered. The dimensions were mapped in a multidimensional model.Conclusion: The multidimensional model of ICT project complexity can be used by ICT project managers to more effectively manage projects as they are provided with a greater understanding of ICT project influences.
Multiple large vessel aneurysmal formation in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Chang Ju-Mei , Lameen Hassan , Skinner Garth C.
Published: November 2017

A new form of aneurysmal dilatation of large vessels is becoming known in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We present a case report of a patient with this anomaly and discuss the radiological dilemmas involved in the diagnosis of the disease. This case highlights the need for computed tomography (CT) angiography as the imaging medium of choice.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as multiple space-occupying lesions in advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Zafar Sara , Javed Maria , Rockwood Neesha , Kazmi Farhat
Published: November 2017

A 31-year-old man presented with seizures and cerebellar symptoms on a background of weight loss and lethargy. He was found to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and following radiological imaging, was commenced on treatment for presumed cerebral toxoplasmosis. Due to a lack of response, both clinically and on interval imaging, a positron-emission tomography-computed tomography and brain biopsy were undertaken, which demonstrated high-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Awareness amongst both clinicians and radiologists of the multifarious patterns of intra-cranial involvement in patients with HIV is, therefore, of utmost importance, as the treatment and prognosis of these entities are entirely different.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and inflammatory arthritis: A review of clinical and imaging features
Authors: Suleman Farhana E. , Ally Mahmood M.T.M.
Published: November 2017

The reported prevalence of articular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies, but with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for almost 70% of the people living with HIV, this results in a considerable burden of disease in the region. The spectrum of clinical presentation described, includes articular pain syndrome, HIV-associated arthropathy and seronegative spondyloarthropathies, among others. This brief review serves to create awareness of the clinical and imaging presentation of this spectrum of disease as there is significant morbidity associated with these conditions if treatment is delayed.
Isolated posterior fossa involvement of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in HIV: A case series with review of the literature
Authors: Mudau Adziambei , Suleman Farhana E. , Schutte Clara M. , Lockhat Zarina I.
Published: November 2017

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a progressive demyelinating condition resulting from infection with the John Cunningham virus and precipitated by immunocompromised states. The HIV pandemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, has resulted in an increase in the number of patients presenting with PML. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and the distribution of the disease is predominantly supratentorial. Isolated posterior fossa involvement is a rare finding with very few cases described in the literature. We present the largest case series of patients described in the literature, with isolated posterior fossa involvement of PML, in HIV-positive patients.
Anthroposophic Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Two-year Prospective Cohort Study in Routine Outpatient Settings
Authors: Hamre Harald J. , Witt Claudia M. , Kienle Gunver S. , Glockmann Anja , Ziegler Renatus , Willich Stefan N. , Kiene Helmut
Published: November 2017

Background and Methods

Anthroposophic treatment for anxiety disorders includes special artistic and physical therapies and special medications. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 64 consecutive adult outpatients starting anthroposophic treatment for anxiety disorders under routine conditions. Main outcomes were Anxiety Severity (physician and patient ratings 0–10), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (0–100), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, German version (CES-D, 0–60), and SF-36 Mental Component Summary.

Results

Mean age was 42.3 years. Most frequent diagnoses were generalized anxiety disorder (44% of patients, n = 28/64) and panic disorder (39%). Median disease duration was 4.5 years. The anthroposophic treatment modalities used were medications (56% of patients), eurythmy therapy (41%), art therapy (30%), and rhythmical massage therapy (3%). Median number of eurythmy/art/massage sessions was 12, median therapy duration was 120 days. From baseline to six-month follow-up, all outcomes improved significantly; average improvements were: Physician-rated Anxiety Severity 3.60 points (95% confidence interval 2.97–4.22, p < 0.001), patient-rated Anxiety Severity 3.50 (2.88–4.12, p < 0.001), Self-rating Anxiety Scale 11.88 (7.70–16.05, p < 0.001), CES-D 8.79 (5.61–11.98, p < 0.001), and SF-36 Mental Component 9.53 (5.98–13.08, p < 0.001). All improvements were maintained until last follow-up after 24 months.

Conclusions

Patients with anxiety disorders under anthroposophic treatment had long-term improvements of symptoms and quality of life.
Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F.
Published: November 2017

Stress-related diseases have been predicted to become major contributors to the Global Disease Burden within the next 20 years. Of these, depression is one of the principal identifiable sources of concern for public mental health, and has been hypothesized to be an outcome of prolonged stress. Examination of the hyper-responsiveness of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, consequent elevated serum cortisol, plus the effects of this upon brain structure and function, provides a model for understanding how chronic stress may be a causal vector in the development of depression. Evidence from studies of the effectiveness of antidepressants aimed at reducing cortisol within depressed patients supports this model and suggests avenues for future research and treatment of stress-induced depression.
Risk for Repeat Emergency Department Visits for Violent Injuries in Youth Firearm Victims
Authors: Lim Hyun Ja , McCart Michael , Davies W Hobart , Calhoun Alice , Melzer-Lange Marlene D.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To identify significant risk factors associated with repeat emergency department (ED). Visits for violent injuries in youth firearm victims.

Methods

The study subjects of this retrospective cohort study were firearm victims aged 18 and younger presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department/Trauma Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between 1990 and 1995. The primary outcome was subsequent Emergency Department visits (REDV) at any emergency department in Milwaukee for a violent injury.

Results

A total of 495 subjects were eligible for the present study in the pediatric firearm victim's ED visit database. Eighty-five percent (n = 420) were males and 82% were African-Americans. Mean age was 15 years old (s.d = ±3.6). A majority of them had a single-parent family. Eighty-eight subjects (17.8%) had a prior history of ED visit due to violence. During the study time, 201 subjects had at least one REDV. In the multivariable model, a subject without a social worker consulting at the hospital were more likely to have REDV compared to subjects with a social worker consulting (O.R = 1.749; p-value = 0.047), controlling for guardian and disposition. Subjects disposed to detention center or police custody were more likely to have REDV compared to subjects disposed to home or a hospital (O.R = 5.351; p-value = 0.003).

Conclusion

Our analysis indicates that individuals with guardians, those who did not receive social worker intervention on their initial visit, and those discharged in police custody were associated with increased repeat ED visits due to a violent injury.
Saliva Cotinine and Exhaled Carbon Monoxide in Real Life Waterpipe Smokers: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Pascale Salameh , Zeina Aoun Bacha , Mirna Waked
Published: November 2017

Introduction

We have already suggested that waterpipe (WP) smoking is associated with an increase in saliva cotinine and carbon monoxide in a small number of smokers.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to confirm the increase in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and saliva cotinine equivalents levels in waterpipe smokers in a real smoking environment, compared with cigarettes smokers and never smokers. The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with WP dependence according to the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale —11 (LWDS-11).

Methods

Three groups were included in the study: never smokers (n = 43), waterpipe smokers (n = 103), and cigarette smokers (n = 42). A questionnaire was completed for each participant, exhaled CO measured before and after waterpipe or cigarette smoking, and saliva cotinine equivalents dosed one hour after WP smoking or after one cigarette.

Results

Waterpipe smokers, like cigarette smokers, are exposed to nicotine and to CO. We found that levels of saliva cotinine equivalents were lower in waterpipe compared with cigarette smokers, but significantly higher than never smokers. In waterpipe smokers, saliva cotinine equivalents was mainly affected by the number of waterpipes per week and the size of the waterpipe. High levels were again found for expired CO, which increased by 500% in waterpipe smokers, in comparison with 100% in cigarette smokers; in waterpipe smokers, the relative increase in CO was affected by the number of waterpipes smoked before measurements, while it was inversely associated to the number of persons with whom they were sharing the WP and to the WP size. WP dependence was significantly correlated with the number of smokers at home, at work, and the body mass index.

Conclusion

This is a confirmation of real life waterpipe tobacco smoking characteristics in Lebanon. It indicates that nicotine is only marginally retained in the bowl water where smoke passes, and that waterpipe smokers could be exposed to harmful substances, such as CO that was found to be quite high. The level of expired CO and salivary cotinine could be good tools to detect exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoking. In addition, obesity and surrounding smokers could increase the risk of WP dependence.
Key policy actions for sustainable land and water use to serve people
Authors: von Braun Joachim , Gulati Ashok , Kharas Homi
Published: November 2017

To achieve food security for all, new resource policies for sustainable land and water use are needed. Land, water and energy need to be considered jointly in policies, not in isolation. United Nations, G20 countries’ policy makers, corporate and civil society actors, and those of other countries should act in coordinated fashion in the following four policy areas on which specific proposals are made in this policy paper: 1) focusing land, and water resource policies on human wellbeing, 2) investing in and sharing water, agricultural and energy innovations, 3) making wider use of digital opportunities for sustainable agriculture, and 4) re-designing global governance of agriculture and food.
Detection of a climatological short break in the Polar Night Jet in early winter and its relation to cooling over Siberia
Authors: Ando Yuta , Yamazaki Koji , Tachibana Yoshihiro , Ogi Masayo , Ukita Jinro
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Polar Night Jet (PNJ) is a strong stratospheric westerly circumpolar wind at around 65° N in winter, and the strength of the climatological PNJ is widely recognized to increase monotonically from October through late December. Remarkably, the climatological PNJ temporarily stops increasing during late November. We examined this short break in terms of the atmospheric dynamical balance and found that it results from an increase in the upward propagation of climatological planetary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere in late November, which coincides with a maximum of the climatological Eliassen–Palm flux convergence in the lower stratosphere. The upward propagation of planetary waves at 100 hPa, which is strongest over Siberia, is related to the climatological strengthening of the tropospheric trough over Siberia. We suggest that longitudinally asymmetric forcing by land–sea heating contrasts caused by their different heat capacities can account for the strengthening of the trough.
Replacing the AMOR with the miniDOAS in the ammonia monitoring network in the Netherlands
Authors: Berkhout Augustinus J. C. , Swart Daan P. J. , Volten Hester , Gast Lou F. L. , Haaima Marty , Verboom Hans , Stefess Guus , Hafkenscheid Theo , Hoogerbrugge Ronald
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this paper we present the continued development of the miniDOAS, an active differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument used to measure ammonia concentrations in ambient air. The miniDOAS has been adapted for use in the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The miniDOAS replaces the life-expired continuous-flow denuder ammonia monitor (AMOR). From September 2014 to December 2015, both instruments measured in parallel before the change from AMOR to miniDOAS was made. The instruments were deployed at six monitoring stations throughout the Netherlands. We report on the results of this intercomparison. Both instruments show a good uptime of ca. 90 %, adequate for an automatic monitoring network. Although both instruments produce 1 min values of ammonia concentrations, a direct comparison on short timescales such as minutes or hours does not give meaningful results because the AMOR response to changing ammonia concentrations is slow. Comparisons between daily and monthly values show good agreement. For monthly averages, we find a small average offset of 0.65 ± 0.28 µg m−3 and a slope of 1.034 ± 0.028, with the miniDOAS measuring slightly higher than the AMOR. The fast time resolution of the miniDOAS makes the instrument suitable not only for monitoring but also for process studies.
CALIPSO Lidar Calibration at 532 nm: Version 4 Nighttime Algorithm
Authors: Kar Jayanta , Vaughan Mark A. , Lee Kam-Pui , Tackett Jason L. , Avery Melody A. , Garnier Anne , Getzewich Brian J. , Hunt William H. , Josset Damien , Liu Zhaoyan , Lucker Patricia L. , Magill Brian , Omar Ali H. , Pelon Jacques , Rogers Raymond R. , Toth Travis D. , Trepte Charles R. , Vernier Jean-Paul , Winker David M. , Young Stuart A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Data products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were recently updated following the implementation of new (version 4.1) calibration algorithms for all of the level 1 attenuated backscatter measurements. In this work we present the motivation for and the implementation of the version 4.1 nighttime 532 nm parallel channel calibration. The nighttime 532 nm calibration is the most fundamental calibration of CALIOP data, since all of CALIOP’s other radiometric calibration procedures – i.e., the 532 nm daytime calibration and the 1064 nm calibrations during both nighttime and daytime – depend either directly or indirectly on the 532 nm nighttime calibration. The accuracy of the 532 nm nighttime calibration is significantly improved by raising the molecular normalization altitude from 30–34 km to 36–39 km to substantially reduce stratospheric aerosol contamination. Due to the greatly reduced molecular number density and consequently reduced signal-to-noise ratio at the higher altitudes used to avoid aerosols, the signal is averaged over a larger number of samples. The new calibration procedure is shown to eliminate biases introduced in earlier versions and consequently leads to an improved representation of stratospheric aerosols. Validation results using airborne lidar measurements are also presented. Biases relative to collocated measurements acquired by the Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) are reduced from 3.6 % ± 2.2 % in the version 3 data set to 1.6 % ± 2.4 % in the version 4.1 release.
Application of the ACASA model for a spruce forest and a nearby patchy clearing
Authors: Gatzsche Kathrin , Babel Wolfgang , Falge Eva , Pyles Rex David , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Raabe Armin , Foken Thomas
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The ACASA (Advanced Canopy-Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm) model, with a higher order closure for tall vegetation, has already been successfully tested and validated for spruce forests. The aim of this paper is the further application for a clearing with a heterogeneous structure of the underlying surface. The comparison with flux data shows a good agreement with a footprint aggregated tile approach of the model. However, the results of a comparison with a tile approach on the basis of the mean land use classification of the clearing is not significantly different. It is assumed that the footprint model is not accurate enough to separate small scale heterogeneities. All measured fluxes are corrected for energy balance closure with a Bowen ratio and a buoyancy flux correction method. The comparison with the model – where the energy balance is closed – shows that the buoyancy correction for Bowen ratios > 1.5 better fits the measured data. For lower Bowen ratios, the correction probably lies between both methods, but the amount of available data was too small to make a conclusion. With an assumption of a similarity between water and carbon dioxide fluxes, no correction of the net ecosystem exchange is necessary for Bowen ratios > 1.5.
Geoelectric monitoring at the Boulder magnetic observatory
Authors: Blum Cletus C. , White Timothy C. , Sauter Edward A. , Stewart Duff C. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Love Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Despite its importance to a range of applied and fundamental studies, and obvious parallels to a robust network of magnetic-field observatories, long-term geoelectric field monitoring is rarely performed. The installation of a new geoelectric monitoring system at the Boulder magnetic observatory of the US Geological Survey is summarized. Data from the system are expected, among other things, to be used for testing and validating algorithms for mapping North American geoelectric fields. An example time series of recorded electric and magnetic fields during a modest magnetic storm is presented. Based on our experience, we additionally present operational aspects of a successful geoelectric field monitoring system.
Potential future exposure of European land transport infrastructure
to rainfall-induced landslides throughout the 21st century
Authors: Schlögl Matthias , Matulla Christoph
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In the face of climate change, the assessment of land transport infrastructure exposure towards adverse climate events is of major importance for Europe's economic prosperity and social wellbeing. Robust and reliable information on the extent of climate change and its projected future impacts on roads and railways are of prime importance for proactive planning and the implementation of targeted adaptation strategies. Among various menacing natural hazards, landslides stand out as most destructive hazards to the functional effectivity and structural integrity of land-bound transport systems, since they cause long-lasting downtimes and exceedingly expensive repair works. Periods of heavy precipitation persisting over several days are known to be a major trigger for increased landslide activity. Along with climate change such events can be expected to increase in frequency, duration and intensity over the decades to come. In this study, a Climate Index (CI) picturing rainfall patterns which trigger landslides in Central Europe is analyzed until the end of this century and compared to present day conditions. The analysis of potential future developments is based on an ensemble of dynamically downscaled climate projections which are driven by the SRES A1B socio-economic scenario. Resulting regional scale climate change projections across Central Europe are concatenated with Europe's road and railway network. Results indicate overall increases of landslide occurrences. While flat terrain at low altitudes exhibits increases of about two more landslide events per year until the end of this century, higher elevated regions are more affected and show increases of up to eight additional events. This general spatial distribution emerges already in the near future (2021–2050) but gets more pronounced in the remote future (2071–2100). Largest increases are to be found in the Alsace. Consequently, potential impacts of increasing landslide events are discussed using the example of a case study covering the Black Forest mountain range in Baden-Württemberg by further enriching the climate information with and additional geodata. Derived findings are suitable to support political decision-makers and European authorities in transport, freight and logistics by offering detailed information on which parts of Europe's land-bound transport network are at particularly high risk concerning landslide activity. This study supports proactive development of adaption strategies and the realization of cost-efficient and effective protection programmes as well as the generation of guidelines for climate proofing. This refers to the design of transport networks, intermodal logistics as well as the setting up of maintenance and reinforcement strategies in order to safeguard one of the most essential backbones of Europe's economic prosperity.
Shelf sea tidal currents and mixing fronts determined from ocean glider observations
Authors: Sheehan Peter M. F. , Hughes Sarah L. , Berx Barbara , Gallego Alejandro , Hall Rob A. , Heywood Karen J. , Queste Bastien Y.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tides and tidal mixing fronts are of fundamental importance to understanding shelf sea dynamics and ecosystems. We use dive-average currents from a two-month (12th October–2nd December 2013) glider deployment along a zonal hydrographic section in the northern North Sea to determine M2 and S2 tidal velocities, which agree well with tidal velocities measured by current meters and extracted from a tide model. The method enhances the utility of gliders as an ocean-observing platform, particularly in regions where tide models are known to be limited. We use the glider-derived tidal velocities to investigate tidal controls on the location of a tidal mixing front. During the deployment, the front moves offshore at a rate of 0.51 km day−1. During the first period of the deployment (i.e. until mid November), the front's position is explained by the local balance between tidal mixing and surface heat fluxes: as heat is lost to the atmosphere, full-depth tidal mixing is able to occur in progressively deeper water. In the latter half of the deployment, the output of a simple one-dimensional model suggests that the front should have decayed. By comparing this model output to hydrographic observations from the glider, we attribute the persistence of the front beyond this period to the advection of cold, saline Atlantic-origin water across the deeper portion of the section. The glider captures the transition of the front from being one controlled by the balance between tidal mixing and surface heating, to being one controlled by advection of buoyancy. Fronts in shelf regions with oceanic influence may be geographically fixed and persist during periods of little to no thermal stratification, with implications for the thermohaline circulation of shelf seas.
Revegetation in abandoned quarries with landfill stabilized waste and gravels: water dynamics and plant growth – a case study
Authors: Zhang Cheng-liang , Feng Jing-jing , Rong Li-ming , Zhao Ting-ning
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Large amounts of quarry wastes are produced during quarrying. Though quarry wastes are commonly used in pavement construction and concrete production, in situ utilization during ecological restoration of abandoned quarries has the advantage of simplicity. In this paper, rock fragments 2–3 cm in size were mixed with landfill stabilized waste (LSW) in different proportions (LSW : gravel, RL), which was called LGM. The water content, runoff and plant growth under natural precipitation were monitored for 2 years using a runoff plot experiment. LGM with a low fraction of LSW was compacted to different degrees to achieve an appropriate porosity; water dynamics and plant growth of compacted LGM were studied in a field experiment. The results showed the following: (1) LGM can be used during restoration in abandoned quarries as growing material for plants. (2) RL had a significant effect on the infiltration and water-holding capacity of LGM and thus influenced the retention of precipitation, water condition and plant growth. LGM with RL ranging from 8:1 to 3:7 was suitable for plant growth, and the target species grew best when RL was 5:5. (3) Compaction significantly enhanced water content of LGM with a low RL of 2:8, but leaf water content of plants was lower or unchanged in the more compacted plots. Moderate compaction was beneficial to the survival and growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Medicago sativa L. were not significantly affected by compaction, and they grew better under a high degree of compaction, which was disadvantageous for the uppermost layer of vegetation.
A Proposal for an Integrative Model of Academic Innovativeness: The Case of Business Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ragmoun Wided , Alfalih Abdullah Abdulmohsen , Alfalih Abdulaziz Abdulmohsen
Published: November 2017

Based on previous research related to innovation at different levels, this paper will try to define an integrative model of academic innovation. In other words, we will propose a model which includes antecedents, dimensions and outcomes of academic innovation in business schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).This research is based on 140 questionnaires from different business schools in KSA. In this case, our objective is not only exploratory. We can say that this research must provide us with an integrative model of academic innovativeness, but this concept seems to be an objective and a variable here.It is an objective because we are looking to explain its determinants based on organizational learning capacity. At the same time, if this innovativeness exists and is defined in business schools, what are its importance and its tangible effect? For this, we must consider innovativeness as a moderator variable with different dimensions, which can improve academic performance in both teaching and research.This study shows that creativity and the need for collaboration are considered to be specific attributes of innovativeness in this field, and  academic performance is one of the major outcomes of this dynamic process of innovation, appreciated at two levels: individual and organizational.
Implementation of Human Capital Management in HR Section of the Hang Tuah School of Health Science (STIKES) Pekanbaru
Authors: Ennimay Ennimay , Efendy Hady
Published: November 2017

To manage people to stay ahead and be able to manage the changes of civilization in need of new ways. There is a paradigm shift in view of human positions within the organization. Man is a factor of production, man is the main driver of production and man is an organizational strategic asset. Problem Formulation: How Human Capital Management Implementation in Human Resources Department of Hang Tuah School of Health Science. Purpose of Writing: To analyze the implementation of Human Capital Management in Human Resource of Hang Tuah School of Health Science. Writing method used is descriptive analysis with case study approach. Conclusion: There is still a poor understanding of the Human Resources Manager of Human Capital as an organizational asset. According to the authors need reinforcement on the HR of Hang Tuah School of Health Science, so that all strategies and policies that have been set by the leadership can be done properly and correctly. In order for the HR Section to apply the Working Model of Excellent by integrating the managerial process and business results achieved. Need to understand and change the paradigm of the HR Manager that more and more companies are interested in using invisible assets and human capital as a way to gain more profit from competitors.
Green Entrepreneurship & Corporate Social Responsibility: Comparative and Correlative Performance Analysis
Authors: Basdekidou Vasiliki A.
Published: November 2017

In investment and trading, different CSR/CSE (Corporate Social Responsibility/Corporate Social Entrepreneurship) moral ethical firms, categorized in a number of groups, may be suitable for different financial instruments (i.e. USA sector ETFs) and different market volatility situations. For the purpose of this article we first (i) analyze the trading return performance of four CSR/CSE categories (in particular: green building, green products, green services, and green transportation); and then (ii) examine and comment the correlation between the market performance of a number of firms belonging in these four CSR/CSE categories and historical ETF market volatility. Finally, we (iii) suggest CSR firms as trading tools according to dominant market volatility. Other CSR/CSE categories (like: sustainability, executive sustainability, renewable energy, green IT, green ICT, etc.) would be examined in future research by following the introduced by this paper approach. Paper concludes that, in relatively less volatile markets the Green Transportation CSR/CSE ethical firms display better results. On the other hand, in strong market volatile situations it is better to trade Green Products CSR/CSE and Green Services CSR/CSE ethical firms. Finally, the Green Building CSR/CSE ethical firms are uncorrelated with the market volatility, as well as their performance is poor in all market cases.
A Vehicle Routing Problem with Consideration of Green Transportation
Authors: Hsueh Che-Fu
Published: November 2017

This study aims to investigate the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP), which considers stochastic traffic speeds, so that fuel consumption and emissions can be reduced. Considering a heterogeneous fleet, the fuel consumption rate differs due to several factors, such as vehicle types and conditions, travel speeds, roadway gradients, and payloads. A mathematical model was proposed to deal with the GVRP, and its objective is to minimize the sum of the fixed costs and the expected fuel consumption costs. A customized genetic algorithm was proposed for solving the model. The computational experiments confirm the efficiency of the algorithm and show that the solution of GVRP is quite different from that of the traditional vehicle routing problem. We suggest that a company should use light vehicles to service the customers situated at higher terrains. The customers with higher demands can be visited earlier, but the customers situated at higher terrains or far away from the depot should be visited later. The study also found that the fixed costs of dispatching vehicles are critical in GVRP; a logistics company may thus tend to use large vehicles, despite that it may cause higher fuel consumption and emissions. The proposed model and algorithm are capable of suggesting a guidance for green logistics service providers to adopt a beneficial vehicle routing plan so as to eventually achieve a low economic and environmental cost.
Vehicle Lifetime and Scrappage Behavior: Trends in the U.S. Used Car Market
Authors: Bento Antonio , Roth Kevin , Zuo Yiou
Published: November 2017

Using national data on vehicles in operation, we examine long-run changes in scrappage patterns in passenger cars and light trucks in the United States between 1969 and 2014. We find that the average lifetime for passenger cars has increased from 12.2 to 15.6 years between 1970s and the 2000s. Our central estimate of the elasticity of scrappage with respect to vehicle prices is -0.4, which is substantially different than values adopted in simulation models. These estimates imply that many policies aimed at reducing gasoline consumption, including Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards and gasoline taxes may produce changes in the used vehicle market that are different than prior studies suggest. We also note that consumer scrappage behavior seems to respond more strongly to changes in vehicle price than changes in gasoline price than standard theory would predict.
Aprendiendo sobre los cambios de estado en educación infantil mediante secuencias de pregunta-predicción-comprobación experimental
Authors: Cruz-Guzmán Alcalá Marta , García-Carmona Antonio , Criado García-Legaz Ana María
Published: November 2017

Aun con sus dificultades y limitaciones, el aprendizaje por indagación está considerado uno de los enfoques didácticos más idóneos para aprender ciencia haciendo ciencia. A fin de ponerlo en práctica en educación infantil, se diseñó una propuesta didáctica basada en secuencias de pregunta-predicción-comprobación. La propuesta se implementó con 83 niños de 2 a 4 años. El propósito era utilizar el aprendizaje por indagación para la iniciación a la ciencia en esta etapa educativa. El tópico elegido fue el de los cambios de estado del agua, del chocolate y de un polo flash. Se apreció una evolución de las ideas y capacidades de los niños para formular predicciones y comprobarlas experimentalmente. Se concluye que es posible aprender sobre la relación entre «calentar» o «enfriar» y las transformaciones entre el sólido y el líquido. Muchos llegan a caracterizar cada producto según su estado. Como implicaciones, se estiman pertinentes las actividades manipulativas acompañadas de preguntas y requerimiento de predicciones desde el inicio de educación infantil.
Mathematical Models of Water and Solute Transport in Soil
Authors: Agah A. Erfani , Meire P. , Deckere E. De
Published: November 2017

Improved understanding of water flow and solute transport through the unsaturated zone is important for the sustainable management of soils. As soils are complex and heterogeneous systems, quantification of the transport processes is difficult. More knowledge on the relationship between solute transport process, soil structure, hydrologic initial and boundary conditions, and observation scale is needed here.Modeling unsaturated flow and transport with mathematical or numerical methods is an important tool for predicting the infiltration and redistribution of soil water and the transport of solutes in the unsaturated zone. Flow and transport models are commonly used to support the decision making process in agricultural management, environmental impact assessment, toxic waste control, remediation design, and subsurface cleanup monitoring. The movement of contaminants through porou media describs by the combination of advection, diffusion-dispersion and chemical retardation. The most common model that describes solute transport by convection and dispersion is the convection-dispersion equation (CDE). This equation describes the change in concentration at any point along the flow path as a function of time. This paper is mainly dedicated to a discussion of basic processes for modelling of water flow and contaminant transport in saturated and unsaturated soils. After a brief description of the classical approach for simulating water flow and solute transport in porous media, issues related to water and solute trasport equation in soil.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Management and Marketing Communication: Research Streams and Themes
Authors: Nielsen Anne Ellerup , Thomsen Christa
Published: November 2017

This article maps the rapidly growing body of research in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) management and marketing communication, the focus being on research streams and themes. It evaluates this research from a corporate communication perspective. First, the article examines the concept of CSR communication. A typology of a number of possible domains for CSR communication research is developed, based on the way the different studies conceptualize CSR. Second, the article reviews the concepts of strategic and operative CSR communication which have been adopted widely within the CSR communication literature, relating these to research streams within management and marketing/public relations. Being framed within a corporate communication perspective, the review answers the call for CSR communication research to develop and substantiate outcomes that may better explain or inform CSR communication strategies and practices. A number of categories of outcomes are found within existing empirical studies, and an agenda for building upon this evidence is advanced to allow greater consistency and mutual understanding among CSR communication researchers.