bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serwis Filmawka jako przykład nowych mediów elektronicznych. Analiza stylu serwisu na podstawie wybranych tekstów
Authors: Rusek Bartłomiej
Published: December 2020

The Filmawka Website as an Example of New Electronic Media: An Analysis of the Website’s Style Based on Selected TextsInformational websites make a perfect example of new electronic media. They are very vulnerable to external factors and to changes in writing style over time, which stems from the dynamics of expression and their general accessibility. As a result, the texts which appear on such websites are varied, depending on the time of their publication. They also deviate from standards and strict rules followed in traditional media. All these characteristics are reflected in reviews and articles published on Filmawka, a website created in mid-2018. During this short time, Filmawka has achieved an important position in the Polish Internet world and can certainly be identified as part of the mainstream media. This article presents the key characteristics of new electronic media on the example of websites and examines changes in language and its features observed in reviews and articles published on Filmawka. Serwis Filmawka jako przykład nowych mediów elektronicznych. Analiza stylu serwisu na podstawie wybranych tekstówInformacyjne portale internetowe stanowią doskonały przykład nowych mediów elektronicznych. Są one bardzo podatne na bodźce zewnętrzne i zmiany stylu z upływem czasu, co wynika z dynamiki wypowiedzi i ich powszechnej dostępności. Rezultatem jest zróżnicowanie tekstów, często zależne od czasu, w którym powstały, a także odbieganie od norm środowiskowych i ścisłych zasad przestrzeganych w mediach tradycyjnych. Wszystkie te cechy odzwierciedlają teksty publikowane na łamach powstałego w połowie 2018 roku serwisu Filmawka, który mimo krótkiego czasu istnienia zdołał osiągnąć pozycję tak istotną w polskim Internecie, że może być z łatwością uznawany za medium głównego nurtu. Niniejszy tekst obejmuje zarówno charakterystykę nowych mediów elektronicznych, przedstawioną na przykładzie portali internetowych, jak i zmian w języku i jego cechach widocznych w recenzjach i tekstach publicystycznych opublikowanych w serwisie Filmawka.
The Influence of Boundary Layer Mixing Strength on the Evolution of a Baroclinic Cyclone
Authors: Vaughan Matthew T. , Fovell Robert G.
Published: December 2020

Subgrid-scale turbulence in numerical weather prediction models is typically handled by a PBL parameterization. These schemes attempt to represent turbulent mixing processes occurring below the resolvable scale of the model grid in the vertical direction, and they act upon temperature, moisture, and momentum within the boundary layer. This study varies the PBL mixing strength within 4-km WRF simulations of a 26–29 January 2015 snowstorm to assess the sensitivity of baroclinic cyclones to eddy diffusivity intensity. The bulk critical Richardson number for unstable regimes is varied between 0.0 and 0.25 within the YSU PBL scheme as a way of directly altering the depth and magnitude of subgrid-scale turbulent mixing. Results suggest that varying the bulk critical Richardson number is similar to selecting a different PBL parameterization. Differences in boundary layer moisture availability, arising from reduced entrainment of dry, free tropospheric air, lead to variations in the magnitude of latent heat release above the warm frontal region, producing stronger upper-tropospheric downstream ridging in simulations with less PBL mixing. The more amplified flow pattern impedes the northeastward propagation of the surface cyclone and results in a westward shift of precipitation. In addition, trajectory analysis indicates that ascending parcels in the less-mixing simulations condense more water vapor and terminate at a higher potential temperature level than do ascending parcels in the more-mixing simulations, suggesting stronger latent heat release when PBL mixing is reduced. These results suggest that spread within ensemble forecast systems may be improved by perturbing PBL mixing parameters that are not well constrained.
A Hepatectomy Based on a Hybrid Concept of Portal Perfusion of Anterior Segment and Venous Drainage Area of Superior Right Hepatic Vein
Authors: Saito Yu , Imura Satoru , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Yamada Shinichiro , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: December 2020

Background

Right hepatic vein sometimes could not be a reliable landmark between the anterior and posterior segment. The aim of this study was to clarify the portal perfusion area of the anterior segment and to propose a less invasive hepatectomy based on both the portal perfusion and the hepatic venous drainage.

Methods

Three-dimensional computerized tomography images of 66 patients were constructed. A case, in which the perfusion area of the anterior segment crossed over superior right hepatic vein (SRHV), was called as SRHV-inclusion. It was defined as inclusion of more than 1 cm of the proximal site of SRHV surrounded by the portal perfusion area of the anterior segment.

Results

SRHV-inclusion was observed in 26%. The cases with large inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV) had more frequent SRHV-inclusion (47%). The elderly patient with hepatic disorder, who had hepatocellular carcinoma near the root of the SRHV, underwent a less invasive hepatectomy (anterior segment + SRHV drainage area) resulting in the preservation of the IRHV.

Conclusions

The perfusion area of the anterior segment crossed over SRHV in one fourth of patients in the study. Our proposed less invasive hepatectomy based on a hybrid concept might be an alternative operative procedure other than right hepatectomy.
Do Materialistic Adolescents Ruminate More About Their Social Media Posts?
Authors: Hynes Keeley , Lannin Daniel G. , Kanter Jeremy B. , Yazedjian Ani , Nauta Margaret M.
Published: December 2020

Previous research suggests that ruminating on social media content is associated with greater mental distress (Yang et al., 2018). This study examined whether materialistic value orientation (MVO)—prioritizing values and goals related to consumerism, consumption, and social status—predicted social media rumination in a sample of diverse adolescents in a two-wave cross-lagged design. A cross-lagged analysis among 119 adolescents indicated that MVO at Wave 1 predicted greater social media rumination 4 months later at Wave 2, but social media rumination at Wave 1 did not predict MVO at Wave 2. Cross-lagged results suggested that MVO may lead to greater social media rumination over time for diverse adolescents. Adolescents with MVO could benefit from interventions to reduce the effects of their need for external validation and maladaptive rumination, as external validation and maladaptive rumination are linked to behaviors and thoughts that can be harmful to mental health.
Regional Growth, Domestic and Foreign Tourism in NUTS Regions: New Insights from the Old Continent
Authors: Harb Georges , Bassil Charbel
Published: December 2020

Using regional data encompassing 155 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions across the EU-28 member states, we estimate the effect of tourist arrivals (total, domestic, and foreign) on regional growth over 2000-2018. Our empirical strategy tackles three data properties that cripple common econometric approaches: cross-section dependence, nonstationarity, and the endogeneity of the regressors. In addition to “pooled” models that assume common parameters across regions, we run “heterogeneous” models where parameters are allowed to differ between regions. Results of the pooled estimations show that domestic and total tourism inflows have positively and significantly contributed to growth, and the positive effect of foreign tourism is statistically discernible in regions that are mainly destinations for foreign tourists. Findings based on region-specific regressions reveal that the average impact on regional growth of tourist inflows is positive and significant, and large regional disparities in terms of the growth impact of domestic/foreign tourism exist.
“I Assumed He Didn’t Exist”: The Birth Father as the Invisible Member of the Adoption Kinship Network
Authors: Salvo Agoglia Irene , Herrera Florencia
Published: December 2020

Historically, paternity has been constructed on the basis of uncertainty. Men and fathers have been underrepresented in studies of reproductive processes and parenting. In adoption, the figure of the birth father has been invisibilized and stereotyped. As part of a qualitative study of origins, identity, and adoption, carried out in Chile, the narratives about their birth father of adults, who had been adopted and sought their origins, were analyzed. The results show that (a) most interviewees had not thought to seek their birth father because they assumed he “did not exist”; (b) information about him is mediated by the birth mother, who acts as a gatekeeper; and (c) when the figure is present, it is usually depersonalized as genetic material or personalized negatively. The birth father omission in the adoption process poses challenges for both past and contemporary adoptions, in which birth fathers are ever more visible and heterogeneous.
How High? Trends in Cannabis Use Prior to First Admission to Inpatient Psychiatry in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2017
Authors: McGuckin Taylor , Ferro Mark A. , Hammond David , Stewart Shannon , Maloney-Hall Bridget , Madi Nawaf , Porath Amy , Perlman Christopher M.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

To examine the trends in cannabis use within 30 days of first admission to inpatient psychiatry in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2017, and the characteristics of persons reporting cannabis use.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted for first-time admissions to nonforensic inpatient psychiatric beds in Ontario, Canada, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, using data from the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System ( N = 81,809).

Results:

Across all years, 20.1% of patients reported cannabis use within 30 days of first admission. Use increased from 16.7% in 2007 to 25.9% in 2017, and the proportion with cannabis use disorders increased from 3.8% to 6.0%. In 2017, 47.9% of patients aged 18 to 24 and 39.2% aged 25 to 34 used cannabis, representing absolute increases of 8.3% and 10.7%, respectively. Increases in cannabis use were found across almost all diagnostic groups, with the largest increases among patients with personality disorders (15% increase), schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders (14% increase), and substance use disorders (14% increase). A number of demographic and clinical factors were significantly associated with cannabis use, including interactions between schizophrenia and gender (area under the curve = 0.88).

Conclusions:

As medical cannabis policies in Canada have evolved, cannabis use reported prior to first admission to inpatient psychiatry has increased. The findings of this study establish a baseline for evaluating the impact of changes in cannabis-related policies in Ontario on cannabis use prior to admission to inpatient psychiatry.
Critical Care Surge During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implementation and Feedback From Frontline Providers
Authors: Keene Adam B. , Shiloh Ariel L. , Eisen Lewis , Berger Jay , Karwa Manoj , Fein Daniel , Orsi Deborah , Gong Michelle
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Montefiore Medical Center (MMC) in the Bronx, New York, was subjected to an unprecedented surge of critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease during the initial outbreak of the pandemic in New York State in the spring of 2020. It is important to describe our experience in order to assist hospitals in other areas of the country that may soon be subjected to similar surges.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the expansion of critical care medicine services at Montefiore during the COVID-19 surge in terms of space, staff, stuff, and systems. In addition, we report on a debriefing session held with a multidisciplinary group of frontline CCM providers at Montefiore.

Findings:

The surge of critically ill patients from COVID-19 disease necessitated a tripling of critical care bed capacity at (MMC), with attendant increased needs for staffing, equipment, and systematic innovations to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Feedback from a multidisciplinary group of frontline providers revealed multiple opportunities for improvement for the next potential surge at MMC as well as guidance for other hospitals.

Conclusions:

Given increasing cases and burden of critical illness from COVID-19 across the US, engineering safe and effective expansions of critical care capacity will be crucial. We hope that our description of what worked and what did not at MMC will help guide other hospitals in their pandemic preparedness.
Relationship Between Depression/Anxiety and Cognitive Function Before and 6 Weeks After Major Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Oyeyemi Deborah M. , Cooter Mary , Chung Stacey , Whitson Heather E. , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Devinney Michael J. , Smith Patrick J. , Garrigues Grant E. , Moretti Eugene , Moul Judd W. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Mathew Joseph P. , Berger Miles ,   for the MADCO-PC Study Team Investigators
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To determine the relationship between affective measures and cognition before and after non-cardiac surgery in older adults.

Methods:

Observational prospective cohort study in 103 surgical patients age ≥ 60 years old. All participants underwent cognitive testing, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and State Anxiety Inventory screening before and 6 weeks after surgery. Cognitive test scores were combined by factor analysis into 4 cognitive domains, whose mean was defined as the continuous cognitive index (CCI). Postoperative global cognitive change was defined by CCI change from before to after surgery, with negative CCI change indicating worsened postoperative global cognition and vice versa.

Results:

Lower global cognition before surgery was associated with greater baseline depression severity (Spearman’s r = −0.30, p = 0.002) and baseline anxiety severity (Spearman’s r = −0.25, p = 0.010), and these associations were similar following surgery (r = −0.36, p < 0.001; r = −0.26, p = 0.008, respectively). Neither baseline depression or anxiety severity, nor postoperative changes in depression or anxiety severity, were associated with pre- to postoperative global cognitive change.

Conclusions:

Greater depression and anxiety severity were each associated with poorer cognitive performance both before and after surgery in older adults. Yet, neither baseline depression or anxiety symptoms, nor postoperative change in these symptoms, were associated with postoperative cognitive change.
Understanding the Determinants in the Different Government AI Adoption Stages: Evidence of Local Government Chatbots in China
Authors: Wang Youkui , Zhang Nan , Zhao Xuejiao
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), countries are increasingly adopting AI-guided chatbots to improve service on government portals. The reduction in face-to-face services under COVID-19 pandemic will further accelerate this trend. However, the adoption and performance of the existing chatbots differ. Based on the literature on e-government adoption and innovative policy innovation diffusion, this article examines both the initial and postadoption stages of chatbot usage in China’s local governments. While the first phase employs the survival model of event history analysis to explore the factors that influence the decision to adopt chatbots in local government, the second phase analyzes the determinants of those chatbots’ performance in the postadoption stage. We find that pressure factors and readiness factors play different roles in the different adoption stages. Although pressure can encourage local governments to implement chatbots, these governments’ readiness determined how well the chatbots perform after their initial adoption. The implications and limitations of the research are also discussed.
Labor Unions and Undocumented Immigrants: Local Perspectives on Transversal Solidarity During DACA and DAPA
Authors: Graauw Els de , Gleeson Shannon
Published: December 2020

National labor unions in the United States have formally supported undocumented immigrants since 2000. However, drawing on 69 interviews conducted between 2012 and 2016 with union and immigrant rights leaders, this article offers a locally grounded account of how union solidarity with undocumented immigrants has varied notably across the country. We explore how unions in San Francisco and Houston have engaged with Obama-era immigration initiatives that provided historic relief to some undocumented immigrants. We find that San Francisco’s progressive political context and dense infrastructure of immigrant organizations have enabled the city’s historically powerful unions to build deep institutional solidarity with immigrant communities during the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA [2012]) and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (DAPA [2014]) programs. Meanwhile, Houston’s politically divided context and much sparser infrastructure of immigrant organizations made it necessary for the city’s historically weaker unions to build solidarity with immigrant communities through more disparate channels.
The Protests in Belarus: Context, Causes and Lessons
Authors: Buzgalin A.V. , Kolganov A.I.
Published: December 2020

This article offers an initial analyses the mass protests that began in Belarus following the presidential elections of August 2020. Written ‘in the heat of events’ it has the character of preliminary observations. The authors begin with the background and context of events and the outcomes of the economic and social development of the Republic of Belarus during the 25 years of rule by Lukashenko. A preliminary analysis of the social and class make-up both of the protesters and of those who at the time of writing remained a ‘silent majority’ is situated in the context of the contradictions within the Belarusian ‘power elite’. We attempt to distinguish the main factors behind the developments in Belarus and point to initial lessons of these events for social and humanitarian-oriented networks and organisations.
Effects of government regulatory provisions on the innovative behaviour of HEIs and economic advancement: The case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Yembergenova Danagul , Kumar Ajit , Haris Ikhfan
Published: December 2020

This study examines how government initiatives introduced in Kazakhstan’s State Programme for Education Development 2011–2020 are regulated and implemented to stimulate the innovative capacity of universities. The authors then consider the implications of these changes for the government’s aspiration of economic development. As government regulation is accepted as the primary explanatory factor that leads to poor performance, drawing on agency theory the study examines the combinations and conditions of existing regulatory mechanisms. Given that different agency problems are involved, the authors set out the alternatives available for the government to overcome those challenges.
Satisfaction of Patients With Severe Multiple Sclerosis and Their Family Members With Palliative Care: Interventional Study
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka , Bar Michal
Published: December 2020

Background:

Patients with MS should be provided palliative care, which could help them manage symptoms more efficiently and could solve some psychosocial problems. Evaluating the satisfaction with provided care may be one of the factors of the quality of care evaluation.

Aim:

The aim of this controlled intervention study was to determine the factors affecting one’s satisfaction with care in patients in advanced stages of MS and their caregivers. Furthermore, the aim was to study the difference in the satisfaction of patients and family members with the provided specialized palliative care, as opposed to the standard care.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 103 patients with MS who were randomized to either a palliative care intervention or the control group. Family members of each patient were invited in the study, and 97 caregivers agreed to participe. The patients in the intervention group were provided with neuropalliative care in the form of consultations with a multidisciplinary palliative team. A modified questionnaire, CANHELP Lite, was used to collect data. Patients and family members completed the questionnaire 3 months after the intervention.

Results:

The patients and caregivers in the intervention group expressed significantly greater satisfaction in all analyzed areas (p = 0.000-0.002). The provided intervention predicted the satisfaction in the domains of a relationship with the doctor, disease management, and decision-making/communication. Another important predictor of the satisfaction in all domains was the functional state of the patient.

Conclusion:

Targeted consultations resulted in the greater satisfaction of patients with MS and their caregivers with the provided care.
Development and Validation of a Measure of Attachment Disorders Based on DSM-5 Criteria: The Early TRAuma-Related Disorders Questionnaire (ETRADQ)
Authors: Monette Sebastien , Cyr Chantal , Terradas Miguel M. , Couture Sophie , Minnis Helen , Lehmann Stine
Published: December 2020

Background:

A review of the scientific literature showed few valid tools for assessing reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), two diagnostic entities traditionally grouped under “attachment disorders.” The Early TRAuma-related Disorders Questionnaire (ETRADQ), a caregiver report, was developed to assess attachment disorders in school-age children based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition criteria. This study sought to validate this instrument.

Method:

Caregivers of school-age children from the community ( n = 578) and caregivers of at-risk children adopted or in out-of-home care ( n = 245) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the ETRADQ, the Relationship Problem Questionnaire, the RADA ( RAD and DSED Assessment) interview, and the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale for Children and Adolescents.

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis of the ETRADQ items supported the expected organization of the measure, that is, two second-order factors and five subfactors: (1) RAD scale (three subscales: Low selective attachment, Low social and emotional responsiveness, Emotional unpredictability) and (2) DSED scale (two subscales: Interactions with unfamiliar adults, Social disinhibition). All scales showed excellent internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and known-group validity.

Conclusions:

Results support the reliability and validity of the ETRADQ.
Depression symptoms, HIV testing, linkage to ART, and viral suppression among women in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional household study
Authors: Govender Kaymarlin , Durevall Dick , Cowden Richard G , Beckett Sean , Kharsany Ayesha BM , Lewis Lara , George Gavin , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David
Published: December 2020

Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020 is contingent on identifying and addressing mental health challenges that may affect HIV testing and treatment-related behaviors. This study is based on survey data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014–2015). HIV positive women who reported higher depression scores had a lower odds of having tested previously for HIV (15–25 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]; 26–49 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.84, 0.96]). Because HIV testing behavior represents a gateway to treatment, the findings suggest mental health may be one challenge to attaining the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.
Overconfidence and its link with feedback
Authors: Erat Serhat , Demirkol Kurtulus , Sallabas M Eyyüp
Published: December 2020

Feedback is crucial in every step of education, and we provide feedback to students in order to help them to either understand or improve their performance if they wish to improve their skills and abilities. However, how or whether they can benefit depends on their response to that feedback. Thus, when they receive feedback, they ought to be receptive because either too much or too little confidence influences their perceptions of their own performance. The study described in this article looks at overconfidence, and whether or not this evolves over time, that is, with more experience and also whether providing feedback to students can improve their own assessment of their own skills and abilities. A two-stage experiment was conducted, measuring the actual performance of students taking a course, at two points within it. After the examination that students took, we collected how students had assessed themselves and the degree of confidence that they had. Later, we provided feedback to students about their actual performance. In the second stage, we again measured their actual and self-estimated performance. The aim was to find out whether the feedback provided to students improved their assessment of their own performance and whether or not there had been a change in the level of their confidence. The results shed light on whether or not confidence, in particular, overconfidence, changes over time, in response to the feedback provided, and whether the provision of feedback is an effective policy when it comes to reducing overconfidence.
Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community
Authors: Roach Pamela , Zwiers Angela , Cox Emily , Fischer Karyn , Charlton Anna , Josephson Colin B , Patten Scott B , Seitz Dallas , Ismail Zahinoor , Smith Eric E
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated public health measures that have impacted the provision of care for people living with dementia and their families. Additionally, the isolation that results from social distancing may be harming well-being for families as formal and informal supports become less accessible. For those living with dementia and experiencing agitation, social distancing may be even harder to maintain, or social distancing could potentially aggravate dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms. To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and health care had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. A reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview and field note data. The impacts of the public health measures in response to the pandemic emerged through iterative analysis in three main categories of experience: (1) personal, (2) health services, and (3) health status (of both persons living with dementia and care partner). Isolation and mental health needs emerged as important impacts to family experiences. This in-depth understanding of the needs and experiences of the pandemic for people living with dementia suggests that innovative means are urgently needed to facilitate provision of remote medicine and also social interaction and integration.
The transgender pains of imprisonment
Authors: Maycock Matthew
Published: December 2020

Sykes (1958) famously outlined five deprivations constituting the ‘pains of imprisonment’, later developed in a range of research, including research considering the gendered pains of imprisonment. Despite an increase in the visibility of transgender people in society and within prison settings, the specific pains of imprisonment experienced by transgender people have been largely overlooked. Within this context, this article analyses interviews with 13 transgender people in custody, facilitating an analysis of life within prison for transgender people. The article makes a unique contribution to the study of transgender people in custody within the devolved Scottish penal context, being the first to use the analytical lens of the ‘pains of imprisonment’ to consider the particular deprivations or frustrations that transgender people experience within prison settings.
Reversal to Normal Anatomy (With Sleeve Gastrectomy) for Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Vilallonga Ramon , Rodríguez-Luna María Rita , Roriz-Silva Renato , Caubet Enric , Gonzalez Oscar , Ruiz de Gordejuela Amador , Ciudin Andrea , Armengol Manel , Fort José Manuel
Published: December 2020

Background. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is an essential bariatric surgical procedure which is globally performed because of the associated effective weight loss and resolution of metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. Although some complications may occur, hypoglycemia is a rare complication, which can lead to lethal consequences. We aimed to describe the technical aspects and surgical results after reversal to normal anatomy (RNA). Methods. We conducted a retrospective data analysis including 16 patients who underwent laparoscopic RNA from 2011 to 2018. All data were archived in a prospective database. Previous bariatric surgery and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results. Sixteen patients underwent RNA, most of them after GBP, and 15 patients required sleeve gastrectomy. Among them, 80% were women; 5 patients presented with postoperative complications, such as colitis with intra-abdominal collection (n = 1), gastric leak (n = 2) treated with an endoprosthesis, mesenteric venous thrombosis (n = 1), and intra-abdominal bleeding (n = 1). Mean length of hospital stay was 5.93 (3-30). All patients recovered from their initial condition although 3 patients presented with mild hypoglycemia during follow-up. Seven patients regained weight (43.75%), and another 4 developed gastroesophageal reflux disease (25%). Conclusions. These laparoscopic RNA results are acceptable, indicating a clinical improvement in the hypoglycemic syndrome in all patients.
Specters of Goffman: Impression Management in the Irish Welfare Space
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: December 2020

The Goffmanian thesis of stigma occurring as an aspect of “spoiled identity” has arguably provided the dominant theoretical understanding of social stigma over the past half century. Yet, there have also been strong critiques of Goffman’s thesis of stigma which range from concerns with the micro-personal nature of his work to question marks over the corpus of materials used by Goffman when originally theorizing stigma. Recent scholarly contributions have theorized a more structural understanding of the role and function of stigma and this, in turn, has arguably forced the question of whether or not Goffman’s thesis of stigma has now become redundant in terms of its application in the social sciences. This paper intends to explore this question by offering a juxtaposition of the theoretical and the empirical. To meet this task, the paper first engages in a theoretical discussion of the Goffmanian thesis of social stigma. Crucially, however, original research, conducted in Ireland, is also presented. This empirical material shows that, despite the very valid concerns with Goffman’s theory of stigma, much of his analysis with respect to impression management is borne out in lived experience. In doing so, aspects of the Goffmanian thesis of impression management as a response to the potential for stigma are affirmed thus demonstrating the continuing applicability of this theoretical strand. New understandings of impression management are also advanced.
Overview of PROMISE
Authors: Emenheiser David E. , Weidenthal Corinne , Avoke Selete , Simon-Burroughs Marlene
Published: December 2020

Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE), a study of 13,444 randomly assigned youth and their families, includes six model demonstration projects and a technical assistance center funded through the U.S. Department of Education and a national evaluation of the model demonstration projects funded through the Social Security Administration. The Departments of Labor and Health and Human Services and the Executive Office of the President partnered with the Department of Education and Social Security Administration to develop and monitor the PROMISE initiative. This article provides an overview of PROMISE as the introduction to this special issue of Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals.
Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD
Authors: Stroganova T. A. , Komarov K. S. , Sysoeva O. V. , Goiaeva D. E. , Obukhova T. S. , Ovsiannikova T. M. , Prokofyev A. O. , Orekhova E. V.
Published: December 2020

Background

Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.

Methods

We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.

Results

In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.

Limitations

We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.

Conclusion

Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
GHGs Reduction Capacity of Agroforestry Systems in Tropical Africa: A Review
Authors: Getnet Desalegn
Published: December 2020

The main crucial agroforestry systems (AFS) of tropics Africa are homestead, woody species planting, multistory dwelling and spread the woody plants. Traditional AFS interaction is important for shading Coffee tree, improving soil fertility, climate regulation, alternative income source, and reducing the pressure on natural forests. These systems are important for ecological balance and human wellbeing. This review was aimed to explore the capacity of AFS for reduction of GHGs from atmosphere and mitigate climate change in tropical Africa. AFS has sequestered significant amount of CO2 and reduced GHGs sink from the atmosphere. Several research reports were recognized as AFS has been substantially carbon-capturing from the atmosphere compared to the mono-crops, dry woodlands, andor pasture land. In tropical Africa region AFS has been estimated to 2.11 × 1091 Mg C yr-1 of aboveground biomass carbon sequester. Multi-strata AFS was reported highest (16-36 Mgt ha-1 yr-1) amount of carbon sequestration. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock of fruit-coffee, coffee-enset and enset system agroforestry systems were estimated 186.41 Mg ha-1, 178.8 Mg ha-1 and 177.8 Mg ha-1 respectively at 0-60 cm soil depth. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and several research results, nowadays AFS development was one of well rcognized to climate change mitigation strategy. Multipurpose tree management on farm land and grazing land is strongly recommended for increased GHG emission reduction capacity of AFS in tropics.
CENÁRIOS AMBIENTAIS E O INCENTIVO À PROTEÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA MICROBACIA DO RIO FAGUNDES, PARAÍBA DO SUL/RJ
Authors: Corrêa Cintia de Andrade , Beser de Deus Leandro Andrei , Costa Nadja Maria Castilho da
Published: December 2020

Para incentivar os agricultores a preservar e/ou restaurar a vegetação nativa como previsto na Lei 12.651/2012, um programa de desenvolvimento rural sustentável do Rio de Janeiro investe na proteção e recuperação de Áreas de Preservação Permanente, especialmente as de nascente. O objetivo deste trabalho, relacionado a este programa, é construir cenários ambientais que subsidiem o planejamento e a gestão de APPs. A metodologia é a quantificação das classes de cobertura da terra: "Floresta", "Não Floresta", "Água" e "Não Classificada", usando geotecnologias em duas cenas comparativas, 2011 e 2016, e um cenário futuro, 2046. Foram utilizados o programa ArcGis 10.3 para processamento de imagem digital, os sensores Landsat 5 TM e Landsat 8 OLI e o programa Idrisi Selva 17.0/Land Change Modeler para a geração de modelos preditivos e análise comparativa. Os resultados indicam que, entre 2011 e 2016, houve um aumento de 160,4 hectares da classe “Não Floresta” em relação à “Floresta”: a classe “Floresta” diminuiu 7,4%, enquanto a classe “Não Floresta” aumentou 5,33%. Para o cenário futuro 2046, o modelo probabilístico markoviano apresenta 52% de chance de conversão da classe "Floresta" em "Não Floresta", portanto, há uma predição de cenário futuro tendencial pessimista de desmatamento. Recomenda-se o monitoramento da microbacia conjugado a mudanças na cobertura da terra e a ações de preservação de "Floresta”.
ENTRE PASSADO E FUTURO: MEMÓRIA SOCIAL DO QUILOMBO DO ROSA – MACAPÁ, AMAPÁ
Authors: Silva David Junior de Souza
Published: December 2020

O Quilombo do Rosa iniciou, assim como muitas comunidades quilombolas no Amapá, o processo de reconhecimento quilombola e titulação territorial no início do século XXI. Não lhe sendo garantido acesso imediato aos seus direitos constitucionais, a efetivação de sua cidadania depende de uma mobilização política por parte da comunidade. O objetivo da pesquisa é interpretar o significado da memória social da comunidade na sua contemporânea mobilização por reconhecimento de sua cidadania. Busca-se assim interpretar o lugar do passado na construção do futuro da comunidade. A metodologia adotada foi a da etnografia junto à comunidade, mais precisamente a modalidade da “etnografia histórica” (SAHLINS, 1993), e sob o referencial teórico que explica as relações entre memória e espaço (HALBWACHS, 1990). Como resultados, identificamos que o passado é fonte de força política da comunidade, não apenas no sentido de dele emanar a legitimação do direito reivindicado, mas também de dele emanar a motivação, o sentido e a força moral para a luta. No passado recente, o assassinato de Benedito, patriarca da comunidade, produziu o elemento emocional que é a principal fonte de força política da comunidade. Este assassinato está vivo na consciência e na estrutura afetiva dos seus filhos. Diante da dor e do impacto desta injustiça, hoje o sentido de defender o território mistura-se com o sentido de proteção de Maria Geralda, a matriarca, viúva de Benedito. No outro extremo, a memória do passado mais longínquo, alcançado quase que exclusivamente pela imaginação, sua ancestralidade africana, desempenha papel fundamental na sintaxe da luta por direitos, pois é a fonte de legitimidade e de sentido da mais significativa estratégia de territorialização contemporânea da comunidade: sua auto-identificação como quilombola.
CONFLITOS ENTRE USOS E PROTEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA SERRA DE SÃO JOSÉ, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Silveira Junior Wanderley Jorge da , Souza Cléber Rodrigo de , Oliveira José Emílio Zanzirolani de , Moura Aloysio Souza , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite
Published: December 2020

A Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra de São José e o Refúgio Estadual de Vida Silvestre Libélulas da Serra de São José, localizadas na região de Tiradentes-Minas Gerais, apresentam importante diversidade biológica para a conservação, distribuídas em três fitofisionomias: Cerrado, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Campos Rupestres. Além de protegerem legalmente o patrimônio natural, abrigam também raizeiros que detêm saberes e práticas sobre o uso de espécies vegetais extraídas nos limites das referidas áreas. Com o objetivo de compreender os conflitos estabelecidos na relação entre a conservação e uso de espécies vegetais, foram realizados levantamentos etnobotânicos por meio de turnês guiadas em três trilhas utilizadas por dois raizeiros, e aplicado questionário semiestruturado, que apontaram as espécies utilizadas, suas aplicações (passado e presente) e as partes empregadas. Concluiu-se, que os conflitos existentes se devem à extração de recursos biológicos na Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral. Todavia, podem contribuir para conservação da biodiversidade das Áreas Protegidas da Serra de São José juntamente com a da etnobotânica e a participação efetiva dos raizeiros.
ANÁLISE DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO DA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO ALTO CAMAQUÃ-RS
Authors: Rocha Nájila Souza da , Carvalho Cibelle Machado de , Käfer Pâmela Suélen , Iglesias Maria Lujan , Silva Suzianny Cristia Salazar da , Rolim Sílvia Beatriz Alves , Cruz Rafael Cabral
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho foi realizado na sub-bacia hidrográfica denominada Alto Camaquã-RS, pertencente ao Bioma Pampa, uma região considerada estável e de alta importância para a conservação da biodiversidade. A principal atividade econômica e sociocultural da região é a pecuária familiar, sendo esta também fundamental para a manutenção do bioma em função da coexistência campo/gado. Foi realizado o Balanço Hídrico Climatológico (BHC) da sub-bacia para compreender seu comportamento nos meses de maiores déficits e excedentes hídricos, foram testados dois diferentes métodos de espacialização dos resultados: 1) Thorntwaite & Mather (1955) e 2) BHCGeo (2013). A principal diferença entre os dois métodos está na determinação da CAD. O BHC foi calculado para três diferentes comportamentos de chuva: Ano Normal; Ano Seco; e Ano Chuvoso. Os métodos estudados demonstraram grande eficiência no cálculo do BHC. As diferenças entre as duas não modificam o comportamento geral da sub-bacia, não causando diferenças significativas nos déficit e excesso hídricos. Porém, o segundo método é mais eficiente para regiões com alta variabilidade de uso de solo. Além disso, o último apresentou resultados mais consistentes para situações que exigem análises mais detalhadas. Os resultados comprovam que os pecuaristas familiares somam prejuízos com muitos meses de déficit hídrico.
MODELAGEM ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE ILHAS DE CALOR URBANA E CORRELAÇÃO COM VARIÁVEIS- MONTES CLAROS, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Souza Cristiano Marcelo Pereira , Filho Raul Magalhães , Passos Renata Silva , Leite Marcos Esdras , Veloso Gustavo Vieira , França Iara Soares
Published: December 2020

As ilhas de calor urbana (ICU) é um aumento da temperatura superficial (TS) e atmosférica, atingindo metrópoles e cidades médias do mundo. Alterações de uso da terra, clima e topografia modulam o fenômeno, compreender relação desses fatores possibilita identificar as causas de ICU. A pesquisa tem foco nesse âmbito, com análise TS, formação de ICU e relação com outras variáveis. O estudo foi na sexta maior cidade do estado de Minas Gerais (Montes Claros), em zona de clima AW (Köppen). A modelagem de TS foi a partir da banda termal Landsat 5 e 8 durante meses agosto de 1991, 2001, 2011 e 2018. Análise estatística multivariada foi aplicada entre informações de TS, variáveis de uso da terra e geomorfométricas. Entre 1991 a 2018 a TS aumentou, convertendo faixas de 22 a 26 °C para > 28 °C, com formação e aumento de 333% de ICU (ICU= > 4 °C média/período). Fatores naturais de radiação solar, altitude, índice de circulação do vento, e face de exposição de vertente influenciam na dinâmica de TS. Porém, o aumento de TS tem melhor relação com densidade urbana e com baixa cobertura vegetal. A redução do problema de ICU deve focar no planejamento de uso da terra e aumento de áreas verdes.
AVALIAÇÃO DE ALGORITMOS PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NA PORÇÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE ALTA E MÉDIA RESOLUÇÃO ESPACIAL
Authors: Silva Oliveira Helena , Marchesan Juliana , Alba Elisiane , Honnef Dionatas Henrique , Frigo Wolfer Matheus , Soares Pereira Rudiney
Published: December 2020

Analisar algoritmos de classificação do uso e cobertura da terra bem como imagens provenientes de sensores a bordo de satélites com diferentes resoluções espaciais são essenciais para determinar os mais adequados para cada local. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de algoritmos de classificação supervisionada, Máxima Verossimilhança (MaxVer) e Bhattacharyya, utilizando imagens de resolução espacial média (OLI/Landsat 8) e alta (REIS/RapidEye), em municípios localizados na porção central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas para a classificação imagens do sensor OLI/Landsat 8 e REIS/RapidEye, com resolução espacial de 30 e 5 m, respectivamente. A classificação de ambas as imagens foi realizada pelos algoritmos MaxVer e Bhattacharyya com a definição de seis classes de uso e cobertura da terra, sendo estas Floresta nativa, Floresta plantada, Solo exposto, Agricultura, Campo e Água. Para avaliar a eficiência da classificação foram utilizados 120 pontos distribuídos de forma aleatória estratificada em cada município, sendo 20 pontos em cada classe de uso e cobertura da terra. A qualidade da classificação foi analisada pelos índices Kappa e exatidão global, ainda, calculou-se o erro de omissão e comissão. De acordo com os resultados obtidos o índice kappa foi maior para as classificações utilizando as imagens do sensor REIS/RapidEye para ambos os algoritmos, totalizando 85,33% (MaxVer) e 83,67% (Bhattacharyya). Neste contexto, foi possível concluir que as imagens REIS/RapidEye e o algoritmo MaxVer destacaram-se obtendo os melhores resultados, sendo estes mais adequados para a área de estudo.