bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derecho a la autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Figuera Vargas Sorily , Andrea Ariza Lascarro
Published: September 2015

International Human Rights Law has undergone a transformation and renovation in the past twenty years with respect to indigenous groups, awarding them a series of prerogatives such as a status of their own in International Public Law, under the category of peoples. In this way, the implications of having the condition of and being recognized as a people necessarily lead to establishing self-determination as a human right of these groups. However, despite this recognition, many indigenous peoples continue to be marginalized within Latin American states today. For example, some countries of the region continue to grant transnationals large concessions within the territories of their indigenous peoples, without going through the procedure of Prior Consultation as stipulated in international and as well as in national laws, thus ignoring the indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination. In the face of this problem, it was considered important to analyze the extent to which said right is being protected within the Colombian state, and a qualitative research project with documentary analysis was undertaken for that purpose. In this context, the the fundamental conclusion reached in the study was the absence of any real regulation to effectively guarantee the self-determination of indigenous peoples in Colombia. In fact, the very existence of true legal pluralism in the terms described in Article 1 of the Political Constitution of 1991 comes into question.
APOE genotype and age modifies the correlation between cognitive status and metabolites from hippocampus by a 2D1H-MRS in non-demented elders
Authors: Yin Zhenyu , Wu Wenbo , Liu Renyuan , Liang Xue , Yu Tingting , Chen Xiaoling , Feng Jie , Guo Aibin , Xie Yu , Yang Haiyan , Huang Mingmin , Tian Chuanshuai , Zhang Bing , Xu Yun
Published: September 2015

Purpose.To examine the associations among age, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, metabolic changes in the hippocampus detected by 2D1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and neuropsychological measures of cognition in non-demented elders.

Materials and Methods.We studied a cohort of 16 cognitively normal controls (CN) and 11 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients between 66 and 88 years old who were genotyped for APOE genetic polymorphism. Measurements of 2D1H-MRS metabolites were obtained in the hippocampus region. Adjusting by age among all subjects, the association between metabolic changes and cognitive function was measured by Spearman partial rank-order correlation. The effect of APOE status was measured by separating the subjects into APOE genotype subgroups, including the APOEε4 carriers and APOEε4 non-carriers.

Results.In contrast to the CN group matched with age, gender, and education, aMCI patients showed increased myo-inositol (mI)/Creatine (Cr) ratio only in the right hippocampus. No differences were noted on N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr and mI/NAA from bilateral hippocampus, and so was mI/Cr ratio in left hippocampus between aMCI and CN. The mI/Cr ratio from the right hippocampus in non-demented elders was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Whether ε4 genotype or age was added as a covariate, none of the correlation effects remained significant. Additionally, adjusting for age and APOE genotype together, there was no significant correlation between them.

Conclusion.Since the higher mI/Cr from the right hippocampus of the patients with aMCI than those from CN, the mI/Cr could be a more specific predictor of general cognitive function in aMCI patients. There is an association between higher mI/Cr in right hippocampus and worse cognitive function for the non-demented older adults, and the correlation could be modified by APOE status and age. That provided a window on objectively understanding the mechanism between the brain metabolites and the influence factors in non-demented elders.
A practical guide and power analysis for GLMMs: detecting among treatment variation in random effects
Authors: Kain Morgan P. , Bolker Ben M. , McCoy Michael W.
Published: September 2015

In ecology and evolution generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are becoming increasingly used to test for differences in variation by treatment at multiple hierarchical levels. Yet, the specific sampling schemes that optimize the power of an experiment to detect differences in random effects by treatment/group remain unknown. In this paper we develop a blueprint for conducting power analyses for GLMMs focusing on detecting differences in variance by treatment. We present parameterization and power analyses for random-intercepts and random-slopes GLMMs because of their generality as focal parameters for most applications and because of their immediate applicability to emerging questions in the field of behavioral ecology. We focus on the extreme case of hierarchically structured binomial data, though the framework presented here generalizes easily to any error distribution model. First, we determine the optimal ratio of individuals to repeated measures within individuals that maximizes power to detect differences by treatment in among-individual variation in intercept, among-individual variation in slope, and within-individual variation in intercept. Second, we explore how power to detect differences in target variance parameters is affected by total variation. Our results indicate heterogeneity in power across ratios of individuals to repeated measures with an optimal ratio determined by both the target variance parameter and total sample size. Additionally, power to detect each variance parameter was low overall (in most cases >1,000 total observations per treatment needed to achieve 80% power) and decreased with increasing variance in non-target random effects. With growing interest in variance as the parameter of inquiry, these power analyses provide a crucial component for designing experiments focused on detecting differences in variance. We hope to inspire novel experimental designs in ecology and evolution investigating the causes and implications of individual-level phenotypic variance, such as the adaptive significance of within-individual variation.
The non-avian theropod quadrate I: standardized terminology with an overview of the anatomy and function
Authors: Hendrickx Christophe , Araújo Ricardo , Mateus Octávio
Published: September 2015

The quadrate of reptiles and most other tetrapods plays an important morphofunctional role by allowing the articulation of the mandible with the cranium. In Theropoda, the morphology of the quadrate is particularly complex and varies importantly among different clades of non-avian theropods, therefore conferring a strong taxonomic potential. Inconsistencies in the notation and terminology used in discussions of the theropod quadrate anatomy have been noticed, including at least one instance when no less than eight different terms were given to the same structure. A standardized list of terms and notations for each quadrate anatomical entity is proposed here, with the goal of facilitating future descriptions of this important cranial bone. In addition, an overview of the literature on quadrate function and pneumaticity in non-avian theropods is presented, along with a discussion of the inferences that could be made from this research. Specifically, the quadrate of the large majority of non-avian theropods is akinetic but the diagonally oriented intercondylar sulcus of the mandibular articulation allowed both rami of the mandible to move laterally when opening the mouth in many of theropods. Pneumaticity of the quadrate is also present in most averostran clades and the pneumatic chamber—invaded by the quadrate diverticulum of the mandibular arch pneumatic system—was connected to one or several pneumatic foramina on the medial, lateral, posterior, anterior or ventral sides of the quadrate.
Chinese Interpreting Studies: a data-driven analysis of a dynamic field of enquiry
Authors: Xu Ziyun , Pekelis Leonid
Published: September 2015

Over the five decades since its beginnings, Chinese Interpreting Studies (CIS) has evolved into a dynamic field of academic enquiry with more than 3,500 scholars and 4,200 publications. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis, this scientometric study delves deep into CIS citation data to examine some of the noteworthy trends and patterns of behavior in the field: how can the field’s progress be quantified by means of citation analysis? Do its authors tend repeatedly to cite ‘classic’ papers or are they more drawn to their colleagues’ latest research? What different effects does the choice of empirical vs. theoretical research have on the use of citations in the various research brackets? The findings show that the field is steadily moving forward with new papers continuously being cited, although a number of influential papers stand out, having received a stream of citations in all the years examined. CIS scholars also have a tendency to cite much older English than Chinese publications across all document types, and empirical research has the greatest influence on the citation behavior of doctoral scholars, while theoretical studies have the largest impact on that of article authors. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the merits of blending quantitative and qualitative analyses to uncover hidden trends.
Detection of Alzheimer’s disease by displacement field and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Wang Shuihua
Published: September 2015

Aim.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Recently, computer scientists have developed various methods for early detection based on computer vision and machine learning techniques.

Method.In this study, we proposed a novel AD detection method by displacement field (DF) estimation between a normal brain and an AD brain. The DF was treated as the AD-related features, reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and finally fed into three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), generalized eigenvalue proximal SVM (GEPSVM), and twin SVM (TSVM). The 10-fold cross validation repeated 50 times.

Results.The results showed the “DF + PCA + TSVM” achieved the accuracy of 92.75 ± 1.77, sensitivity of 90.56 ± 1.15, specificity of 93.37 ± 2.05, and precision of 79.61 ± 2.21. This result is better than or comparable with not only the other proposed two methods, but also ten state-of-the-art methods. Besides, our method discovers the AD is related to following brain regions disclosed in recent publications: Angular Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate, Cingulate Gyrus, Culmen, Cuneus, Fusiform Gyrus, Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Inferior Occipital Gyrus, Inferior Parietal Lobule, Inferior Semi-Lunar Lobule, Inferior Temporal Gyrus, Insula, Lateral Ventricle, Lingual Gyrus, Medial Frontal Gyrus, Middle Frontal Gyrus, Middle Occipital Gyrus, Middle Temporal Gyrus, Paracentral Lobule, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus, Posterior Cingulate, Precentral Gyrus, Precuneus, Sub-Gyral, Superior Parietal Lobule, Superior Temporal Gyrus, Supramarginal Gyrus, and Uncus.

Conclusion.The displacement filed is effective in detection of AD and related brain-regions.
Moth flies and sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Stebner Frauke , Solórzano Kraemer Mónica M. , Ibáñez-Bernal Sergio , Wagner Rüdiger
Published: September 2015

One new subfamily, four new genera and 10 new species of Psychodidae are described from Burmese amber which significantly increases our knowledge about this group in the Cretaceous. Protopsychodinae n. subfam. probably represents the oldest known ancestor of modern Psychodinae and includes three species within two genera:Datzia setosagen. et sp. n.,Datzia bispinagen. et sp. n., andMandalayia beumersorumgen. et sp. n. Sycoracinae and Phlebotominae are represented by two genera each in the studied material,Palaeoparasycorax globosusgen. et sp. n.,Palaeoparasycorax suppusgen. et sp. n.,Parasycorax simplexsp. n., andPhlebotomites aphoesp. n. andPhlebotomus vetussp. n., respectively. Bruchomyiinae is represented byNemopalpus quadrispiculatussp. n. Furthermore, one genus of an incertae sedis subfamily,Bamara groehnigen. et sp. n., is described. The systematic positions of the new taxa are discussed.
Reconstructing the Autograph Corpus of Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ibn Ṭūlūn
Authors: Richardson Kristina
Published: September 2015

The autograph corpus of the Damascene scholar Ibn Ṭūlūn is dispersed throughout collections in North America, Europe, and West Asia. As an initial probe into these materials, I will describe, identify, and analyze two compendia in the Princeton University collection: Garrett MSS 196B and 1011H. They contain, among other things, a portion of al-Thaghr al-bassām, an autograph draft of his biographical dictionary of Damascene judges, which is later than the one edited and published in 1959, and a heretofore missing portion of al-Qalāʿid al-jawhari- yya, his topography of al-Ṣāliḥiyya. I will also positively identify an anonymous, untitled manuscript in the Bodleian Library (Pococke 26) and show its relationship to the al-Thaghr al-bassām autograph.
Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. By Hayim Tadmor and Shigeo Yamada
Authors: Porter Barbara N.
Published: September 2015

The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. By Hayim Tadmor and Shigeo Yamada. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period, vol. 1. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2011. Pp. xxiii + 211. $59.50.
John, Qumran, and the Dead Sea Scrolls: Sixty Years of Discovery and Debate. Edited by Mary l. Coloe and Tom Thatcher
Authors: Elledge C. D.
Published: September 2015

John, Qumran, and the Dead Sea Scrolls: Sixty Years of Discovery and Debate. Edited by Mary l. Coloe and Tom Thatcher. Early Judaism and Its Literature, vol. 32. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011. Pp. xiii + 228. $28.95 (paper).
From Alexander to Jesus. By Ory Amitay
Authors: Harvey Paul B.
Published: September 2015

From Alexander to Jesus. By Ory Amitay. Hellenistic Culture and Society, vol. 52. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2010. Pp. xii + 246. $49.95.
Die Zeit der Regionen im Spiegel der Gebelein-Region: Kulturgeschichtliche Re-Konstruktionen. By Ludwig Morenz
Authors: Darnell Colleen Manassa
Published: September 2015

Die Zeit der Regionen im Spiegel der Gebelein-Region: Kulturgeschichtliche Re-Konstruktionen. By Ludwig Morenz. Probleme der Ägyptologie, vol. 27. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Pp. xx + 685, illus. $272.
In the Land of the Emirates: The Archaeology and History of the UAE. By D. T. Potts
Authors: Yule Paul
Published: September 2015

In the Land of the Emirates: The Archaeology and History of the UAE. By D. T. Potts. Abu Dhabi: Sultan Bin Zayed’s Culture and Media Centre, 2012. Pp. 219, illus.
Foreigners and Their Food: Constructing Otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Law. By David M. Freidenreich
Authors: Reinhart A. Kevin
Published: September 2015

Foreigners and Their Food: Constructing Otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Law. By David M. Freidenreich. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011. Pp. xvii + 325. $60.
Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Al-Ghazālī’s Theory of Mystical Cognition and Its Avicennian Foundation. By Alexander Treiger
Authors: Janssens Jules
Published: September 2015

Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Al-Ghazālī’s Theory of Mystical Cognition and Its Avicennian Foundation. By Alexander Treiger. Culture and Civilization in the Middle East, vol. 27. London: Routledge, 2012. Pp. xi + 183. £75, $125.
Translating the Bible into Arabic: Historical, Text-Critical and Literary Aspects. Edited by Sara Binay and Stefan Leder
Authors: Grafton David
Published: September 2015

Translating the Bible into Arabic: Historical, Text-Critical and Literary Aspects. Edited by Sara Binay and Stefan Leder. Beiruter Texte und Studien, vol. 131. Beirut: Orient-Institut, 2012; distributed by Ergon Verlag, Würzburg. Pp. 150 + 127 (Arabic). €59.
Medieval Islamic Historiography: Remembering Rebellion. By Heather N. Keaney
Authors: Judd Steven C.
Published: September 2015

Medieval Islamic Historiography: Remembering Rebellion. By Heather N. Keaney. Routledge Research in Medieval Studies. New York: Routledge, 2013. Pp. xx + 187, maps. $125.
Criminal Underworld in a Medieval Islamic Society: Narratives from Cairo and Damascus under the Mamluks. By Carl F. Petry
Authors: Rapoport Yossef
Published: September 2015

The Criminal Underworld in a Medieval Islamic Society: Narratives from Cairo and Damascus under the Mamluks. By Carl F. Petry. Chicago Studies on the Middle East, vol. 9. Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, 2012. Pp. viii + 365. $70.
Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of Andalusi Arabic. Edited by Institute of Islamic Studies of the University of Zaragoza
Authors: Owens Jonathan
Published: September 2015

A Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of Andalusi Arabic. Edited by Institute of Islamic Studies of the University of Zaragoza. Handbuch der Orientalistik 1, vol. 102. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Pp. xxii + 274. €123, $171.
Exemplary Women of Early China: The “Lienü zhuan” of Liu Xiang. Translated and edited by Anne Behnke Kinney
Authors: Wang Robin R.
Published: September 2015

Exemplary Women of Early China: The “Lienü zhuan” of Liu Xiang. Translated and edited by Anne Behnke Kinney. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. Pp. lvi + 323. $105 (cloth); $35 (paper).
Polymers of Higher Olefins
Authors: Kissin Yury V.
Published: September 2015

The article describes polymeric materials derived from higher α‐olefins and cycloolefins. Both higher α‐olefins and cycloolefins can produce homopolymers and copolymers with ethylene. Crystalline polymers of higher α‐olefins belong to two classes of stereoregular polymers: isotactic and syndiotactic polymers. Isotactic polymers are produced with two types of catalysts: heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts and some bridged metallocene catalysts. Higher α‐olefins can also be polymerized with cationic initiators to amorphous oligomeric materials. Cycloolefins are polymerized via two different mechanisms: the ring‐opening metathesis reaction catalyzed with tungsten, ruthenium, or molybdenum compounds, and polymerization reactions without cycle opening catalyzed with metallocene catalysts.

In addition to polymerization and processing methods, properties and various applications are also discussed.
Wacker Oxidation, The
Authors: Michel Brian W. , Steffens Laura D. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: September 2015

Terminal alkene substrates can be converted to methyl ketone products via a palladium‐catalyzed process known as the Wacker oxidation. This process has found widespread application in targeted synthesis, since alkene substrates are easily accessed and unreactive under diverse reaction conditions substrates and the resultant carbonyl products are common precursors for diverse synthetic manipulations.

This chapter covers the application of the Wacker oxidation and variations of the Wacker oxidation to various types of alkene substrates. The literature covered spans the inception of the reaction in 1959 through November 2012.

A discussion of the current mechanistic understanding is presented, emphasizing considerations that are relevant to synthetic application, including how the nature of the alkene substrate and nucleophiles other than water are proposed to influence the mechanistic pathways and ultimately the product distribution. The “Scope and Limitations” section is separated into discussions relating to functional group tolerance, the influence of heteroatoms proximal to the alkene substrate, and Wacker‐type oxidations that do not result in carbonyl products, such as cyclization reactions and aza‐Wacker reactions. Select applications of the Wacker oxidation in total synthesis are presented, as well as a comparison to other methods and examples of experimental conditions.
Improving the Operational Stability of PBDTTTz‐4 Polymer Solar Cells Modules by Electrode Modification
Authors: Roth Bérenger , A. dos Reis Benatto Gisele , Corazza Michael , Carlé Jon E. , Helgesen Martin , Gevorgyan Suren A. , Jørgensen Mikkel , Søndergaard Roar R. , Krebs Frederik C.
Published: September 2015

PBDTTTz‐4 is employed in the ambient manufacturing of fully Roll‐to‐Roll organic solar cell modules. Modules are manufactured using a novel silver nanowire electrode or a previously reported carbon electrode. The average PCE of carbon modules (3.07%) and AgNW modules (1.46%) shows that PBDTTTz‐4 is a good candidate for upscaling. Stability measurements following the ISOS standards are used to compare the lifetime of the different modules. In all tests but one, the carbon modules are less stable. The higher stability of AgNW is attributed to the removal of the PEDOT:PSS in the front electrode. Finally during indoor light tests, a new degradation phenomenon is observed where bubbles are formed inside the modules contrary to previous reports of bubble formation by thermal expansion of trapped gas inside the barrier.
Analysis of particle cloud height dynamics in a stirred tank
Authors: Eng Matthias , Jonsson Rasmus , Rasmuson Anders
Published: September 2015

Local and temporal variations of the particle cloud formed in a cylindrical mixing vessel were investigated experimentally. Different particle sizes (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) and volumetric concentration up to 20 vol % were evaluated at different impeller speeds. The time‐averaged cloud height was linear with impeller frequency and with volume concentration. Suspensions with larger particles had a lower average cloud height, while the standard deviation for the temporal cloud height variation was larger. Two strong periodic phenomena were identified to be dominating the particle cloud height variations. The frequencies were linear with impeller speed, resulting in dimensionless frequencies of S1=0.02–0.03 and S2=0.05–0.06. The frequencies were affected by neither the particle size nor the volumetric concentration. The amplitude showed no dependency on the particle size, but the S2 amplitude significantly decreases and S1 increases with increasing solid concentration. The results were compared to LES/discrete element method simulations and showed a fair agreement. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 338–348, 2016
Occurrence of DNET and other brain tumors in Noonan syndrome warrants caution with growth hormone therapy
Authors: McWilliams Geoffrey D. , SantaCruz Karen , Hart Blaine , Clericuzio Carol
Published: September 2015

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder caused by mutations in the RAS‐MAPK signaling pathway that is well known for its relationship with oncogenesis. An 8.1‐fold increased risk of cancer in Noonan syndrome has been reported, including childhood leukemia and solid tumors. The same study found a patient with a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) and suggested that DNET tumors are associated with NS. Herein we report an 8‐year‐old boy with genetically confirmed NS and a DNET. Literature review identified eight other reports, supporting the association between NS and DNETs. The review also ascertained 13 non‐DNET brain tumors in individuals with NS, bringing to 22 the total number of NS patients with brain tumors. Tumor growth while receiving growth hormone (GH) occurred in our patient and one other patient. It is unknown whether the development or progression of tumors is augmented by GH therapy, however there is concern based on epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies. This issue was addressed in a 2015 Pediatric Endocrine Society report noting there is not enough data available to assess the safety of GH therapy in children with neoplasia‐predisposition syndromes. The authors recommend that GH use in children with such disorders, including NS, be undertaken with appropriate surveillance for malignancies. Our case report and literature review underscore the association of NS with CNS tumors, particularly DNET, and call attention to the recommendation that clinicians treating NS patients with GH do so with awareness of the possibility of increased neoplasia risk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic influences on the neural and physiological bases of acute threat: A research domain criteria (RDoC) perspective
Authors: Sumner Jennifer A. , Powers Abigail , Jovanovic Tanja , Koenen Karestan C.
Published: September 2015

The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative aims to describe key dimensional constructs underlying mental function across multiple units of analysis—from genes to observable behaviors—in order to better understand psychopathology. The acute threat (“fear”) construct of the RDoC Negative Valence System has been studied extensively from a translational perspective, and is highly pertinent to numerous psychiatric conditions, including anxiety and trauma‐related disorders. We examined genetic contributions to the construct of acute threat at two units of analysis within the RDoC framework: (1) neural circuits and (2) physiology. Specifically, we focused on genetic influences on activation patterns of frontolimbic neural circuitry and on startle, skin conductance, and heart rate responses. Research on the heritability of activation in threat‐related frontolimbic neural circuitry is lacking, but physiological indicators of acute threat have been found to be moderately heritable (35–50%). Genetic studies of the neural circuitry and physiology of acute threat have almost exclusively relied on the candidate gene method and, as in the broader psychiatric genetics literature, most findings have failed to replicate. The most robust support has been demonstrated for associations between variation in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) genes with threat‐related neural activation and physiological responses. However, unbiased genome‐wide approaches using very large samples are needed for gene discovery, and these can be accomplished with collaborative consortium‐based research efforts, such as those of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphologiekontrollierte Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit inverser Opalstruktur
Authors: Chen Kun , Tüysüz Harun
Published: September 2015

Die fortschreitende Entwicklung im Gebiet der organometallischen Halogenidperowskite führte zu einer Suche nach Strategien zur Morphologiekontrolle, mit dem Ziel, die Leistung dieser Materialien in photovoltaischen, photonischen und optoelektronischen Anwendungen zu steigern. Die Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit ausgeprägten hierarchischen Architekturen ist noch immer eine Herausforderung, und ein allgemeines Syntheseprotokoll wurde bislang nicht beschrieben. Hier berichten wir über die milde und skalierbare Synthese von organometallischen Halogenidperowskiten mit inverser Opalstruktur durch Verwendung von Polystyrol‐Opalen als harte Template. Unser Protokoll ist flexibel und mit verschiedenen Halogeniden und organischen Ammoniumverbindungen kompatibel. Die Bandlücken der OHP‐iOs können leicht angepasst werden, und die Materialien behalten ihre empfindliche Photoleitfähigkeit. Optoelektronische Messungen zeigen, dass die Morphologie einen Einfluss auf die Leitungseigenschaften der organometallischen Halogenidperowskite mit inverser Opalstruktur hat.
Palladium supported on diaminoglyoxime‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a magnetically separable nanocatalyst in Heck coupling reaction
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Sedrpoushan Alireza , Hemmati Saba
Published: September 2015

A hybrid material of palladium supported on diaminoglyoxime‐functionalized Fe3O4 was used as an effective and recyclable catalyst in Mizoroki–Heck coupling reactions. The catalyst was very effective for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aryl halides with styrene and conversion was in most cases excellent. The yields of the products were in the range 75–98%. The catalyst showed good stability and could be recovered and reused for six reaction cycles without significant leaching and loss its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employing feed splitting to eliminate the black‐hole problem of dividing‐wall distillation columns
Authors: Yuan Yang , Chen Haisheng , Yu Jieping , Huang Kejin , Li Shen , Chen Wei
Published: September 2015

Because of the intensive material and thermal coupling within dividing‐wall distillation columns (DWDCs), the so‐called black‐hole (BH) problem may occur and arouse consequently uncertainties to control simultaneously the primary component compositions in the top, intermediate, and bottom products and the composition ratio between the rest components in the intermediate product. The elimination of the BH problem is attempted through the adoption of feed splitting in this work, and a systematic procedure is derived to achieve the purpose. Because feed splitting augments the decision variables for process synthesis and design, it could be used effectively to refine the relationship between the prefractionator and main distillation column involved and lead to the elimination of the BH problem. The design and operation of a DWDC fractionating an equi‐molar mixture of ethanol, propanol, and butanol are examined to evaluate the systematic procedure proposed. Both open and closed‐loop controllability assessments demonstrate that feed splitting can serve as an effective means to eliminate the BH problem. The resultant DWDC with the elimination of the BH problem is even found to exhibit improved process dynamics and controllability when three specifications have been given, respectively, to the primary components of its three products. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo/pH Dual Responsive Mixed‐Shell Polymeric Micelles Based on the Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Drug Delivery
Authors: Wu Qiuhua , Tang Xiuping , Liu Xue , Hou Yu , Li He , Yang Chen , Yi Jie , Song Ximing , Zhang Guolin
Published: September 2015

Thermo/pH dual responsive mixed‐shell polymeric micelles based on multiple hydrogen bonding were prepared by self‐assembly of diaminotriazine‐terminated poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (DAT‐PCL), uracil‐terminated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG‐U), and uracil‐terminated poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL‐U) at room temperature. PCL acted as the core and MPEG/PNVCL as the mixed shell. Increasing the temperature, PNVCL collapsed and enclosed the PCL core, while MPEG penetrated through the PNVCL shell, thereby leading to the formation of MPEG channels on the micelles surface. The low cytotoxicity of the mixed micelles was confirmed by an MTT assay against BGC‐823 cells. Studies on the in vitro drug release showed that a much faster release rate was observed at pH 5.0 compared to physiological pH, owing to the dissociation of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the mixed‐shell polymeric micelles would be very promising candidates in drug delivery systems.
Multifunctional Capabilities of Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with Non‐Linear Loads
Authors: Singh Alka
Published: September 2015

This paper deals with the integration of distribution energy resource (DER) connected to a three‐phase grid connected system feeding a variety of loads. The DER is controlled to provide power quality improvement capabilities viz. power factor correction, harmonic reduction, voltage regulation, and load balancing, and it is realized as a voltage source converter (VSC). The developed controller is based on Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory and an energy based controller that also includes additional features viz. filtration of fundamental voltage extracted from the polluted utility grid voltages. This new controller, realized as an energy controller, is implemented over the square of the DC link voltage of the DER. The control algorithm has been tested for several power quality improvement features and works well for power factor correction, voltage regulation, harmonic reduction, and operation under unbalanced load conditions. Extensive simulation and hardware results are demonstrated on a prototype developed in the laboratory.
A fast‐responsive fluorescent probe for sulfite and its bioimaging
Authors: Wang Jiaoliang , Long Liping , Xiao Xiaoming
Published: September 2015

A turn‐on fluorescent probe Coumarin‐SO2 based on a nucleophilic addition reaction was developed for the rapid detection of SO32– in aqueous media. The probe Coumarin‐SO2 displays excellent water solubility, fast response, highly sensitivity and highly selectivity over other biological related species. More importantly, living cell imaging experiments indicate the feasibility of using the probe for the detection of SO32– in biological systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The complexity of the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and impairment in everyday tasks after stroke
Authors: Bieńkiewicz Marta M. N. , Brandi Marie‐Luise , Hughes Charmayne , Voitl Anna , Hermsdörfer Joachim
Published: September 2015

Background and purpose

A large body of research reports that stroke patients are debilitated in terms of daily independence after dismissal from the hospital unit. Patients struggle with the use of daily objects or performing complex actions. Differences between individual deficits of patients are often associated with the site of the brain damage. However, clinical studies suggest that patients exhibit varied constellations of action‐associated difficulties and neuropsychological deficits. There is a lack of conclusive evidence indicating how different neuropsychological symptoms link to the impaired ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL).

Materials and methods

To further address this matter, in this study we compared the behavior of patients with left brain damage (LBD) and right brain damage (RBD) following stroke in two naturalistic task scenarios (tea making and document filing), and compared the committed action errors to the neuropsychological screening results.

Results

We observed mild to severe impairments in both the LBD and RBD groups amounting to 37–55% of failure rate in attainment of action goal. Interestingly, the performance on both tasks was not correlated to each other, suggesting that the tasks involved a different set of higher cognitive functions. Despite similar behavioral manifestations, in the LBD group poor task performance was related to deficits in praxis performance and unilateral tactile and visual extinction. The presence of aphasia did not correlate with task performance, except for a link between low scores in Aachen aphasia test scales and misestimation error in the tea making task. In the RBD group, difficulties with performance were primarily linked to deficit in praxis and unilateral visual extinction.

Conclusions

Despite similar behavior, the underlying mechanisms of the deficits after stroke might be different (in patients with LBD and RBD) and reveal complex interlinks of cognitive networks involved in the ability to carry on everyday tasks.
Insights regarding the normal and abnormal formation of the atrial and ventricular septal structures
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Brown Nigel A. , Mohun Timothy J.
Published: September 2015

Knowledge of cardiac development can provide the basis for understanding the morphogenesis of congenital cardiac malformations. Only recently, however, has the quality of information regarding cardiac embryology been sufficient to justify this approach. In this review, we show how such knowledge of development of the normal atrial and ventricular septal structures underscores the interpretation of the lesions that provide the basis for interatrial and interventricular shunting of blood. We show that current concepts of atrial septation, which frequently depend on a suggested formation of an extensive secondary septum, are simplistic. There are additional contributions beyond growth of the primary septum, but the new tissue is added to form the ventral buttress of the definitive atrial septum, rather than its cranial margin, as is usually depicted. We show that the ventricular septum possesses muscular and membranous components, with the entirety of the muscular septum produced concomitant with the so‐called ballooning of the apical ventricular component. It is expansion of the atrioventricular canal that creates the inlet of the right ventricle, with no separate formation of an “inlet” septum. The proximal parts of the outflow cushions initially form a septal structure between the developing ventricular outlets, but this becomes converted into the free‐standing muscular subpulmonary infundibulum as the aortic outlet is transferred to the left ventricle. These features of normal development are then shown to provide the basis for understanding of the channels that provide the means for interatrial and interventricular shunting. Clin. Anat. 29:290–304, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
B7‐H3 protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guery Thomas , Roumier Christophe , Berthon Celine , Renneville Aline , Preudhomme Claude , Quesnel Bruno
Published: September 2015

Costimulatory molecules are essential regulators of the immunological synapse and enable the fine‐tuning of the immune response. These mechanisms are subverted by cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance. The B7 family of costimulatory molecules comprises several ligands that may contribute to immunoescape. B7‐H3 [B7‐homolog 3 or CD276] remains poorly investigated in hematological malignancies. To determine the role B7‐H3, we analyzed the expression of this molecule in blast cells from a cohort of 111 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. B7‐H3 was expressed in blast cells with a mean fluorescence intensity ratio >3 in 30 (27%) of the 111 patients. B7‐H3 expression was higher in the M3 and M5 FAB subtypes and in cases with mutated NPM1 and wild type CEBPA. There were no significant differences found for the FLT3‐ITD or cytogenetic risk groups. The complete remission (CR) rate between the 17 B7‐H3‐positive and 58 negative patients who were treated intensively was not different. The event free survival was longer in B7‐H3‐positive patients (P = 0.014), and there was a trend toward better overall survival. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.053). In conclusion, B7‐H3 is one of the most strongly expressed B7‐family molecules in AML and merits further investigation.
Early lenalidomide treatment for low and intermediate‐1 International Prognostic Scoring System risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q) before transfusion dependence
Authors: Oliva Esther N. , Lauseker Michael , Aloe Spiriti Maria Antonietta , Poloni Antonella , Cortelezzi Agostino , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Balleari Enrico , Sanpaolo Grazia , Volpe Antonio , Ricco Alessandra , Ronco Francesca , Alati Caterina , D'Errigo Maria Grazia , Santacaterina Irene , Kündgen Andrea , Germing Ulrich , Latagliata Roberto
Published: September 2015

Lenalidomide is approved for the treatment of transfusion‐dependent (TD) del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, few data are available in patients with transfusion‐independent (TI) del(5q) MDS. In the first, observational, part of this 2‐part study, we assessed the impact of transfusion dependence on overall survival (OS) and non‐leukemic death in untreated del(5q) MDS patients who were TD (n = 136), TI with hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10 mg/dL (n = 88), or TI with Hb <10 mg/dL (n = 96). In the second, interventional, part we assessed the quality‐of‐life (QoL) benefits and clinical efficacy of lenalidomide (10 mg/day) in 12 patients with TI del(5q) MDS and Hb <10 mg/dL. In the untreated population, OS was significantly longer in TI than in TD patients (TI [Hb ≥10 g/dL], 108 months; TI [Hb <10 g/dL], 77 months; TD, 44 months). Transfusion dependence also negatively impacted non‐leukemic death rates. In the interventional part of the study, baseline Hb levels were found to correlate significantly with physical (R = 0.666, P = 0.035) and fatigue (R = 0.604, P = 0.049) QoL scores. Median physical QoL scores improved significantly after 12 weeks' treatment with lenalidomide (+12.5; P = 0.020). Evaluable TI patients experienced early increases in Hb levels, and all attained an erythroid response. Our findings suggest that TI patients with moderate anemia may benefit from early treatment with lenalidomide.
Early‐life exposures to infectious agents and later cancer development
Authors: Vedham Vidya , Verma Mukesh , Mahabir Somdat
Published: September 2015

There is a growing understanding that several infectious agents are acquired in early life and this is the reason why available vaccines target the new born, infants, and adolescents. Infectious agents are associated with cancer development and it is estimated that about 20% of the world's cancer burden is attributed to infectious agents. There is a growing evidence that certain infectious agents acquired in early life can give rise to cancer development, but estimates of the cancer burden from this early‐life acquisition is unknown. In this article, we have selected five cancers (cervical, liver, Burkitt's lymphoma‐leukemia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma) and examine their links to infectious agents (HPV, HBV, HCV, EBV, and HTLV‐1) acquired in early life. For these agents, the acquisition in early life is from mother‐to‐child transmission, perinatal contact (with genital tract secretions, amniotic fluids, blood, and breast milk), saliva, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusion. We also discuss prevention strategies, address future directions, and propose mechanisms of action after a long latency period from the time of acquisition of the infectious agent in early life to cancer development.
Protein phosphatase methylesterase‐1 (PME‐1) expression predicts a favorable clinical outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Elzagheid Adam , Birkman Eva‐Maria , Avoranta Tuulia , Kytölä Ville , Korkeila Eija , Syrjänen Kari , Westermarck Jukka , Sundström Jari
Published: September 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for high mortality. So far, there is lack of markers capable of predicting which patients are at risk of aggressive course of the disease. Protein phosphatase‐2A (PP2A) inhibitor proteins have recently gained interest as markers of more aggressive disease in certain cancers. Here, we report the role of PP2A inhibitor PME‐1 in CRC. PME‐1 expression was assessed from a rectal cancer patient cohort by immunohistochemistry, and correlations were performed for various clinicopathological variables and patient survival. Rectal cancer patients with higher cytoplasmic PME‐1 protein expression (above median) had less recurrences (P = 0.003, n = 195) and better disease‐free survival (DFS) than the patients with low cytoplasmic PME‐1 protein expression (below median). Analysis of PPME‐1 mRNA expression from TCGA dataset of colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) patient cohort confirmed high PPME1 expression as an independent protective factor predicting favorable overall survival (OS) (P = 0.005, n = 396) compared to patients with low PPME1 expression. CRC cell lines were used to study the effect of PME‐1 knockdown by siRNA on cell survival. Contrary to other cancer types, PME‐1 inhibition in CRC cell lines did not reduce the viability of cells or the expression of active phosphorylated AKT and ERK proteins. In conclusion, PME‐1 expression predicts for a favorable outcome of CRC patients. The unexpected role of PME‐1 in CRC in contrast with the oncogenic role of PP2A inhibitor proteins in other malignancies warrants further studies of cancer‐specific function for each of these proteins.
Tob1 enhances radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells involving the JNK and p38 pathways
Authors: Wu Dapeng , Zhou Weijie , Wang Shunchang , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Sheng , Chen Lei
Published: September 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Tob1 on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. The results showed that overexpression of Tob1 reduced the clonogenic growth of 231 cells and induced the rate of apoptosis. Tob1 caused an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase. We also found that overexpression of Tob1 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38. The activator of JNK and p38, anisomycin, attenuated the blockage of Tob1 on the cell cycle and reversed the effect of Tob1 on apoptosis. Taken together, Tob1 enhanced radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells through regulation of the JNK and p38 pathways. The results indicated that Tob1 might be a promising molecular in gene therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Maghemite‐Copper Nanocomposites: Applications for Ligand‐Free Cross‐Coupling (C−O, C−S, and C−N) Reactions
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Gaur Rashmi , Yadav Manavi , Rathi Anuj K. , Pechousek Jiri , Petr Martin , Zboril Radek , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: September 2015

A magnetically retrievable, efficient, and benign maghemite‐Cu nanocatalyst was synthesized from inexpensive precursors and applied for C−O, C−N, and C−S bond‐formation reactions. The obtained maghemite‐Cu nanocatalyst was characterized by various techniques such as XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field‐emission gun SEM with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, TEM, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Excellent catalytic activity, ease of recovery, and reusability without a significant loss of yield make the present protocol highly sustainable to deal with industrial and environmental concerns.
Hierarchization of Mordenite as NiW Sulfide Catalysts Support: Towards Efficient Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Wang Yi , Lancelot Christine , Lamonier Carole , Richard Frédéric , Leng Kunyue , Sun Yinyong , Rives Alain
Published: September 2015

NiW‐based catalysts were supported on Al2O3, commercial mordenite (HM), and hierarchical mordenite prepared by acid–base–acid treatment (HM–M). Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) at 613 K under 4 MPa as total pressure. In the HDS of DBT, NiW/Al2O3 exhibited better catalytic activity than NiW/HM and NiW/HM–M. On the contrary, NiW/HM–M exhibited the highest catalytic performance in the HDS of 4,6‐DMDBT, attributed to different factors: an improved dispersion of the active phase, a better accessibility to the active sites owing to the creation of mesoporosity, and an additional reaction route (isomerization) owing to the acidic properties of the zeolitic support. These results show the potential interest of hierarchical mordenite as support for HDS catalysts, with the presence of mesoporosity beneficial to the HDS of large and refractory molecules.
Azidopropylvinylsulfonamide as a New Bifunctional Click Reagent for Bioorthogonal Conjugations: Application for DNA–Protein Cross‐Linking
Authors: Dadová Jitka , Vrábel Milan , Adámik Matej , Brázdová Marie , Pohl Radek , Fojta Miroslav , Hocek Michal
Published: September 2015

N‐(3‐Azidopropyl)vinylsulfonamide was developed as a new bifunctional bioconjugation reagent suitable for the cross‐linking of biomolecules through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and thiol Michael addition reactions under biorthogonal conditions. The reagent is easily clicked to an acetylene‐containing DNA or protein and then reacts with cysteine‐containing peptides or proteins to form covalent cross‐links. Several examples of bioconjugations of ethynyl‐ or octadiynyl‐modified DNA with peptides, p53 protein, or alkyne‐modified human carbonic anhydrase with peptides are given.