bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the Impact of Cramming in Medical Students
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: August 2022

Aim: To reveal pre- exam cramming among pre-clinical medical students, what drives this practice, failure due to cramming and the problems and difficulties related to the act of cramming.

Discussion: Cramming is common practice among struggling medical students. The prevalence of cramming is like an iceberg phenomenon. The act of stacking too many information just the night before an exam probably authorize the perpetrator to remember some information in the short term period and enable them to take in enough information for the exam. Along with this practice also comes sleep deprivation, mental and emotional disturbances and even substance abuse in order to achieve good marks and passing the exam. Unfortunately for some experts, cramming is not considered as learning.  Procrastination and some other reason are believed to be the reason the culprit commits cramming.

Conclusion: Cramming not only changes the behavior of the perpetrator, but also has an impact on his family, classmates, environment and future.
Studies on Genetic Variability in Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula L. Roxb.) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition
Authors: Yadav Anirudh , Singh Devi
Published: August 2022

Aim: To study the genetic variability of ridge gourd uber Prayagraj Agro-climatic condition.

Study Design: Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD).

Place and Duration of Study: Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj. Between August 2021 to October 2021.

Methodology: 11 genotypes of fennel were sown in three replications in RCB design. In each replication data were observed on five plants and averaged for all 21 characters under study.

Results: Analysis of variance showed the presence of significant variation among different genotypes for all characters studied. Days to germination and plant height [30DAS] exhibited  high estimates of GCV and PCV both. Genetic parameters revealed that high heritability (broad sense) was observed for fruit yield per hectare, plant height [30DAS], fruit length, plant height [60DAS], days to first harvest of fruits, days to germination, leaf length, sex ratio, fruit girth, fruit yield per plant, days to first male flowering, shelf life, leaf per plant [30DAS], Vitamin C content and number of primary branches per plant. Fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plant, fruit girth, fruit length, leaf length, plant height [60DAS], plant height [30DAS] and days to germination exhibited high heritability broad sense coupled with high values for genetic advance as percent of mean.

Conclusion: Selection in these traits will lead to higher efficiency in breeding programme for improving yield. Thus these traits may be ranked as most important attributing traits for seed yield per plant in fennel.
Study of Phytobeneficial Characterization and Biofertilizer Efficacy of Rhizobium Strain Isolated from Pulse Fields of Odisha
Authors: Priyadarshini Sujata , Mishra Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: August 2022

Haphazard and indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers has led to environmental contamination including deterioration of soil health. Hence it is very essential to inculcate biological agents in order to reduce the harsh effects of chemical fertilizer. The use of potent bacteria as a bio-fertilizer can improve the soil nitrogen status leading to enhanced soil health and improved productivity. Rhizobium provides a major source of nitrogen input in agricultural soils. On account of that, 64 bacteria were isolated and subjected to RT-PCR for nifH gene quantification to ascertain biological nitrification. From these 64, Seventeen potent PGP bacteria, isolated from different pulse fields, showing maximum PGP traits were studied further for nif H quantification. Out of 17, five were found to be possessing highest number of copy numbers of nifH gene indicating efficient nitrogenase activity. On molecular identification, it was revealed that except BS5JGS, rest all were belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. BS5JGS was found out to be Rhizobium sp., with an accession number assigned as OK602696. An array of organic acid production by the Rhizobium strain was estimated by HPLC, in which adipic acid was detected in highest concentration followed by tartaric acid, malonic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid and phosphoric acid. The Rhizobial isolate was found to inhibit two most common fungal phyto-pathogens Fusarium oxysporum (ITCC 4998) and Rhizoctonia solani(ITCC 2060). It showed various phytobeneficial traits which imply it can be utilized as an effective biofertilizer for legumes and pulses as well as to maintain soil fertility and soil nutrient status.
Use of Different Artificial Lighting Spectra with Leds in Indoor Production of Arugula Microgreens (Euruca sativa)
Authors: Ribeiro Evandro Alves , Gomes César Henrique Borges , Oliveira Liomar Borges de , Barros Daniella Inácio , Nunes Helber Veras , Leite Olavo da Costa , Costa Amanda Oliveira , Santos Patricia Marques , Santana Gleyson Henrique Ramos , Teixeira Igor Ricardo Barbosa , Ferraresso Gabriel Davi De Castro , Vale Kaio Cesar Lima , Milhomem Ricardo Moreira
Published: August 2022

Microgreens are forms of production and consumption of plant foods in their early growth phase that add maximum efficiency to the production process. The use of this crop has been used in large urban centers, in places with low luminosity, being the main problem was the choice of an adequate source of lighting for the production of microgreen in vertical urban farms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of different sources of artificial lighting with LED in the indoor production of arugula (Euruca sativa) microgreen. Six treatments were evaluated, namely: 1. Three 50w cold white Led boards (3BF), 2. Three 50w warm white Led boards (3BQ), 3. Three 50w full spectrum Led boards (3FS), 4 Two 50w full spectrum Led boards, and one 50w cold white Led board (2FS + 1BF), 5. One 50w full spectrum Led boards, one 50w cold white Led board and one 50w warm white Led board (FS + BF + BQ), 6. For ambient lighting (Control), the parameters analyzed were Fresh weight of shoot (FWS in g) and Dry weight of shoot (DWS in g). The use of different artificial lighting sources with LEDs increased the mass production of indoor cultivation of arugula microgreens, which demonstrates greater efficiency for plant growth, with the sources (3BQ), (3BF), and (1FS + 1BF + 1BQ), showing the best result in the development of arugula microgreens, thus generating greater aerial part mass in plants.
Phenology of Plant Species Found in Ugwueme Hydrocarbon Seep Site, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ubochi Kingsley C. , Abu Ngozi E. , Nwadinigwe Alfreda O.
Published: August 2022

This study assessed the phenological events of plant species for flowering, fruiting, shedding of leaves, regeneration/germination, yellowing of leaves and death, every month for three consecutive years from 2018 till 2020, at Ugwueme oil seep site vegetation. Phenological information from the phenological studies of plants can be used to detect patterns associated with climate change, address environmental issues on the timing of plants life cycle, and to predict changes in the habitat and ecosystem at large. The stratified random sampling design was adopted for the study. A sampling zone of 130×60 m2 was mapped out for the study. The zone was thereafter split into 60 grid plots, each measuring 13 x 10 m2 and 60% of these were selected at random. Date obtained from the study was represented in a phenological diagram. Vegetation phenology showed that flowering and fruiting occur through all the months of the year, although with variations. In March-April, most herbs and woody herbs germinated or regenerated in September/October, fruited in October/November towards the end of the rainy season and became senescent, die or lie dormant in February/March. Given that, the Savanna vegetation of Ugwueme showed variations in the timing of phenlogical events, however, the diversity of available flora species can be protected to sustain its ecological integrity, especially in this era of emerging climate change disasters and food insecurity, through a longer periods of study like 10 years to understand the relationship between changes of human impact and climate change.
A Rare Breast Carcinosarcoma in a Young Female
Authors: Al-Share Mohammad , Al-Awabdeh Michleen , Al-Khalaileh Maysaa , Abu-Jeyyab Mohammad , Al-Asbahi Hanan
Published: August 2022

Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare aggressive type of breast cancer, as this form of cancer makes up only 1% of overall breast cancers. It mainly presents with a rapid-growing mass.  Establishing the diagnosis is based on histopathology, as imaging studies show the same features as other types of breast cancer. The treatment protocol for MBC is similar to those for invasive ductal carcinomas owing to the lack of standardized management modality for metaplastic breast cancer per se.
Customer Satisfaction Characterized by Service Quality for Revenue Collection of Municipal Service in Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liyanage Pearly Jeewayani , Yajid Mohd Shukri Ab , Khatibi Ali , Azam S. M. Ferdous , Tham Jacquline , Sudasinghe S. R. S. N.
Published: August 2022

Municipal councils of a country are public services organizations that have been operating in a market monopoly. The purpose of carrying out a pilot study is to check the appropriateness of the questionnaire and the feasibility of the analytical process before carrying out a comprehensive research study. This pilot study focuses on the service quality dimensions which constitute customer satisfaction of municipality service for carrying out the analysis of inference statistics as customer satisfaction is the key driver of revenue collection. The feasibility of the pilot study confirmed the path for a comprehensive study. The pilot study selected 65 customers in one ward of the Municipal area and 48 respondents had successfully responded to the self-administrative questionnaire. Absolute values of Z-scores by capturing values less than 1.96 for skewness and kurtosis of all model variables confirmed that the probability distribution of all variables was substantially normal. The residual analysis of four assumptions of normality, homogeneity of variance, linearity, and independence confirmed that the validity of all model variables was compatible with linear regression. Cronbach’s Alpha indicated that two scales used to constitute the dependent variable of revenue collection needed to be modified and to be validated by another pilot test other than removing.
Study on Frequency of Impaired Lung Function in Treated Tuberculosis Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Riaz , Hussain Sagheer , Baig Mirza Saifullah , Rao Nisar Ahmed , Ali Rizwan , Ali Safdar , Qalb-i-Hyder Syed
Published: August 2022

Background: Pulmonary impairment is a common manifestation in previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Approximately 40-60% of patients with history of complete anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) developed the obstructive, restrictive or mixed patterns of lung disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of impairment of lung function in previously treated PTB patients.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi during the period of six months from April 2021 to September 2021. One hundred and forty four previously treated PTB patients with age of 18-60 years were selected through consecutive sampling. Spirometry of each patient was performed by trained spirometry technician and lung function was assessed by an experienced pulmonologist. Data was interpreted with SPSS v. 25.0.

Results: Out of 144 previously treated PTB patients, male were 83 (57.6%) and female were 61 (42.4%). Impaired pulmonary function was present in 87 (60.4%) patients, out of which 49 (56.3%) patients had obstructive impairment; 23 (26.4%) patients had restrictive impairment while 15 (17.2%) patients had mix pattern.

Conclusion: Prevalence rate of impaired pulmonary function was higher in treated PTB patients who have completed ATT. Obstructive pulmonary impairment was the most common pulmonary impairment followed by restrictive and mixed pulmonary impairment.
Mapping the conceptual structure of network in education
Authors: ÖZÇINAR Hüseyin , ÖZTÜRK Tuğba
Published: August 2022

The reflection of practices particular to network society is seen in the field of education in a variety of ways; thus educational praxis needs further exploration on conceptual framework. Notwithstanding the lack of a framework that disclosing a fuller understanding of the concept, network in education is widely adopt ed. Against this background, this paper seeks to contribute to exploring a widely used but conceptually unexplored context of learning as network in education. For this purpose, topic modelling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, was used to reveal hidden or abstract topics in large text collections. The topics emerging as a result of data analysis on 6307 documents were thematically organised. The emergent topics could be interpreted around three axes: 1 - ) use of network as a research method such a s social network analysis, 2 - ) solidarity happens in HIV network 3 - ) relationships or roles emerging in the network such as leadership, friendship and family. Accordingly, learning occurring in networks tends to be stimulated by the values such as solidari ty or inherited properties such as social capital. To understand this, new methodologies such as social network analysis becomes important. As for historical change of use of network in education in time, in line with the increase in the number of studies using a network perspective in the field of education, the number of publications in sub - fields has also increased. The increase in studies on teacher and PhD education can be explained by the prevailing use of learning communities as a networked learning approach.
The Mediating Role of Positive Psychological Capital in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Approaches and Innovation Management Competence of School Administrators
Authors: KANİ Şule , SAHİN Semiha
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the effect of transformational leadership characteristics of school administrators on innovation management competence and examines the mediating role of positive psychological capital in this relationship. The research was carried out with the participation of 356 teachers working in official primary and secondary schools in the Bayraklı and Karsiyaka districts of Izmir in the 2017-2018 academic year. The Principals' Leadership Styles Scale, the Innovation Management Scale in Schools, and the Positive Psychological Capital Scale were used to collect data. A path analysis was created with the research model being tested with structural equation modeling; the effects of the study's independent variable and mediator variable on the dependent variable were determined. As a result of structural equation modeling, it has been seen that positive psychological capital has a mediating effect between transformational leadership and innovation management. The model that reviews the relationship between positive psychological capital, innovation management, and transformational leadership has given a meaningful and accurate result.
Origin of Lithiophilicity of Lithium Garnets: Compositing or Cleaning?
Authors: Zheng Hongpeng , Li Guoyao , Ouyang Runxin , Han Yao , Zhu Hong , Wu Yongmin , Huang Xiao , Liu Hezhou , Duan Huanan
Published: August 2022

Garnet‐type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO), a promising solid‐state electrolyte, is reported to exhibit lithiophobicity. Herein, it is demonstrated that the origin of the lithiophobicity is closely related to the surface compositions of both the lithium and LLZTO. Surface impurities with high melting points such as Li2O, Li2CO3, LiOH, or LiF inhibit the wettability between lithium metal and LLZTO, and the widely adopted compositing strategy may improve the wettability by merely breaking the surface impurity layers. A simple but effective “polishing‐and‐spreading” strategy is proposed to remove the surface impurities and obtain clean Li/LLZTO interfaces. Thus, a tight and continuous Li/LLZTO interface with an interfacial resistance of 17.5 Ω cm2 is achieved, which leads to stable cycling of the symmetric Li cells and a critical current density up to 2.8 mA cm–2. This work provides a new perspective to understand the lithiophilicity of garnet‐type electrolytes and contributes to designing robust Li/garnet interfaces.
Transient Photodegradability of Photostable Gel Induced by Simultaneous Treatment with Acid and UV–Light for Phototuning of Optically Functional Materials
Authors: Russell Go M. , Kaneko Takashi , Ishino Saqura , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun
Published: August 2022

Although photodegradability is promising for on‐demand tuning of material properties, phototuned materials cannot be utilized under ambient light irradiation owing to their photoinstability. Herein, a novel photostable gel that photodegrades only in the presence of an acid is fabricated. The unique reactivity of a supramolecular platinum‐acetylide complex is uncovered to incorporate into poly(methyl methacrylate) gel as the cross‐linker to exhibit softening and swelling under simultaneous treatment with UV‐light and acid. Conversely, when the acid is removed, the gel reacquires its photostability. A cross‐linker amount of only 0.7 wt.% is sufficient to realize the material property. Notably, the unique cross‐linkers, which change phosphorescence to fluorescence via photocleaving of PtC bonds, enable a photoprocess of optical functions. The controllable optical properties can be applied to information hiding technology and in visualizing the locally modified elasticity of the material, because of the photostability in absence of the acid.
Regulating Competitive Doping in Solution‐Mixed Conjugated Polymers for Dramatically Improving Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Suh Eui Hyun , Kim Sang Beom , Yang Han Sol , Jang Jaeyoung
Published: August 2022

Largely soluble tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) has recently emerged as a promising molecular dopant for preparing highly conductive organic thermoelectrics (TEs) using a one‐step solution‐mixing method. However, the unique doping mechanisms that include both undesirable Lewis acid doping with BCF and effective Brønsted acid doping with BCF–water complexes limit its widespread applications. Herein, the feasibility of modulating the two doping mechanisms by utilizing the competitive Lewis acid–base interactions of BCF with H2O or Lewis basic groups in conjugated polymers is demonstrated. The polymer without strong Lewis basic groups undergoes Brønsted acid doping, which efficiently forms delocalized free charge carriers and leads to superior TE power factors and figures of merit of 49.6 µW m−1 K−2 and 0.061, respectively. However, the polymer with strong Lewis basic groups undergoes both doping mechanisms competitively. BCF–polymer Lewis complexes not only generate free charge carriers inefficiently, but also hinder possible Brønsted acid doping and localize charge carriers, significantly lowering the TE properties. Nevertheless, the reduced TE properties can be dramatically improved by thermally annealing the predoped polymer films because Lewis acid doping can be substantially replaced by Brønsted acid doping owing to the different thermal stabilities between the BCF–polymer and BCF–water complexes.
Synthesis of Perdeuterated Linoleic Acid‐d31 and Chain Deuterated 1‐Palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine‐d62
Authors: Moir Michael , Yepuri Nageshwar Rao , Marshall David L. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Darwish Tamim A.
Published: August 2022

Herein, we report a gram‐scale synthesis of perdeuterated linoleic acid‐d31. The starting materials for the synthesis are two saturated fatty acids, azelaic acid‐d14 and pentanoic acid‐d9, which can be obtained by metal catalysed hydrothermal hydrogen‐deuterium exchange. The synthesis utilises the fatty acids directly via decarboxylative coupling. Copper catalysed coupling of a terminal alkyne intermediate with a propargyl bromide derivative affords a skipped diyne, which can be reduced using P‐2 nickel to obtain the desired cis,cis‐diene geometry. The subsequent synthesis of the tail‐deuterated phospholipid, 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine‐d62 (PLPC‐d62) is also described. Optimised reaction conditions were developed to access this phospholipid and its regioisomeric purity was characterised by two complementary mass spectrometry techniques.

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Nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality in male Colorado Plateau uranium miners, 1960–2016
Authors: Kelly‐Reif Kaitlin , Bertke Stephen , Daniels Robert D. , Richardson David B. , Schubauer‐Berigan Mary K.
Published: August 2022

Background

To evaluate trends of nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) mortality among US underground uranium miners on the Colorado Plateau, and to estimate the exposure–response association between cumulative radon progeny exposure and NMRD subtype mortality.

Methods

Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and excess relative rates per 100 working level months (excess relative rate [ERR]/100 WLM) were estimated in a cohort of 4021 male underground uranium miners who were followed from 1960 through 2016.

Results

We observed elevated SMRs for all NMRD subtypes. Silicosis had the largest SMR (n = 52, SMR = 41.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.9, 54.3), followed by other pneumoconiosis (n = 49, SMR = 39.6; 95% CI: 29.6, 52.3) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 64, SMR = 4.77; 95% CI 3.67, 6.09). SMRs for silicosis increased with duration of employment; SMRs for IPF increased with duration of employment and calendar period. There was a positive association between cumulative radon exposure and silicosis with evidence of modification by smoking (ERR/100 WLM≥10 pack‐years = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.05, 24.6 and ERR/100 WLM<10 pack‐years = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.52), as well as a small positive association between radon and IPF (ERR/100 WLM = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.24); these associations were driven by workers with prior employment in hard rock mining.

Conclusions

Uranium mining workers had excess NMRD mortality compared with the general population; this excess persisted throughout follow‐up. Exposure‐response analyses indicated a positive association between radon exposure and IPF and silicosis, but these analyses have limitations due to outcome misclassification and missing information on occupational co‐exposures such as silica dust.
Radical Hydro‐Fluorosulfonylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Honghai , Zhao Mingqi , Ji Shuangshuang , Lin Lu , Yang Na , Nie Xingliang , Song Jinshuai , Liao Saihu
Published: August 2022

Recently, radical fluorosulfonylation is emerging as an appealing approach for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, which are highly in demand in various disciplines, particularly in chemical biology and drug discovery. Here, we report the first establishment of radical hydro‐fluorosulfonylation of alkenes, which is enabled by using 1‐fluorosulfonyl 2‐aryl benzoimidazolium (FABI) as an effective redox‐active radical precursor. This method provides a new and facile approach for the synthesis of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides from unactivated alkenes, and can be further applied to the late‐stage modifications of natural products and peptides, as well as ligation of drugs in combination with click chemistry. Remarkably, this system could enable the radical hydro‐fluorosulfonylation of alkynes, affording valuable alkenylsulfonyl fluoride products with a rare, highZ‐selectivity, which are normally less stable and more challenging to synthesize in comparison with theE‐configured products.
Role, relevance, and possibilities of in vitro fermentation models in human dietary, and gut‐microbial studies
Authors: Singh Vineet , Son HyunWoo , Lee GyuDae , Lee Sunwoo , Unno Tatsuya , Shin Jae‐Ho
Published: August 2022

Dietary studies play a crucial role in determining the health‐benefiting effects of most food substances, including prebiotics, probiotics, functional foods, and bioactive compounds. Such studies involve gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of dietary substances. In colonic fermentation, any digested food is further metabolized in the gut by the residing colonic microbiota, causing a shift in the gut microenvironment and production of various metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids. These diet‐induced shifts in the microbial community and metabolite production, which can be assessed through in vitro fermentation models using a donor's fecal microbiota, are well known to impact the health of the host. Although in vivo or animal experiments are the gold standard in dietary studies, recent advancements using different in vitro systems, like artificial colon (ARCOL), mini bioreactor array (MBRA), TNO in vitro model of the colon (TIM), Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), M‐SHIME, Copenhagen MiniGut, and Dynamic Gastrointestinal Simulator, make it easy to study the dietary impact in terms of the gut microbiota and metabolites. Such a continuous in vitro system can have multiple compartments corresponding to different parts of the colon, that is, proximal, transverse, and distal colon, making the findings physiologically more significant. Furthermore, postfermentation samples can be analyzed using metagenomic, metabolomic, quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction, and flow‐cytometry approaches. Moreover, studies have shown that in vitro results are in accordance with the in vivo findings, supporting their relevance in dietary studies and giving confidence that shifts in metabolites are only due to microbes. This review meticulously describes the recent advancements in various fermentation models and their relevance in dietary studies.
Transforming silicon slag into high‐capacity anode material for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Vanpeene Victor , Heitz Alexandre , Herkendaal Natalie , Soucy Patrick , Douillard Thierry , Roué Lionel
Published: August 2022

The conception of cheaper and greener electrode materials is critical for lithium (Li)‐ion battery manufacturers. In this study, a by‐product of the carbothermic reduction of SiO2 to Si, containing 65 wt% Si, 31 wt% SiC, and 4 wt% C, is evaluated as raw material for the production of high‐capacity anodes for Li‐ion batteries. After 20 h of high‐energy ball milling, C is fully converted to SiC and a micrometric powder (D50 ∼1 μm) is obtained in which submicrometric SiC inclusions are embedded in a nanocrystalline/amorphous Si matrix. This material is able to maintain a capacity >1000 mAh g−1 (>3 mAh cm−2) over 100 cycles. No crystalline Li15Si4 phase is formed upon cycling as shown from the differential dQ/dV curves. The good mechanical resiliency of the electrode is evidenced by monitoring its morphological changes from sequential focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy analyses. However, a progressive and irreversible increase in the electrode mass and thickness is observed over cycling (reaching 125% and 60% after 200 cycles, respectively), which is mainly attributed to the accumulation of solid electrolyte interphase products in the electrode.
Multiple primary melanoma in association with other personal and familial cancers
Authors: Yang Xi , Karapetyan Lilit , Huang Ziyu , Knight Andrew D. , Rajendran Sneha , Sander Cindy , Minnier Christopher P. , Wilson Melissa J. , Kirkwood John M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is known to be associated with familial melanoma. However, the association between MPM and other personal and familial cancers is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MPM and personal history of other cancers or cancer history among first‐degree relatives (FDRs).

Methods

We performed a retrospective case–control study including cases with gender‐matched MPM and single primary melanoma (SPM) at a 1:2 ratio from the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Melanoma Center Biological Sample and Nevus Bank. The associations between MPM and other cancers were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

In total, 378 patients (44.2% men; median age 52 years) were enrolled, including 252 with SPM and 126 with MPM. In comparison to patients with SPM, patients with MPM were more likely to have squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001–3.79, p = 0.047) and prostate cancer (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.07–7.01, p = 0.034). FDRs of patients with MPM had higher prevalence of melanoma (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.31–4.28, p = 0.004) and prostate cancer (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.47–6.14, p = 0.002) but not other cancers. In multivariable analysis, the association remained significant between MPM and squamous cell carcinoma (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.08–4.39, p = 0.028), prostate cancer (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.09–7.54, p = 0.032), FDR history of melanoma (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.31–4.29, p = 0.004), and FDR history of prostate cancer (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.59–6.83, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with MPM have a higher prevalence of personal and FDR histories of nonmelanoma skin cancers and prostate cancer.
Phosphoenolpyruvate Mutase‐Catalyzed C−P Bond Formation: Mechanistic Ambiguities and Opportunities
Authors: Ramos‐Figueroa Josseline S. , Palmer David R. J. , Horsman Geoff P.
Published: August 2022

Phosphonates are produced across all domains of life and used widely in medicine and agriculture. Biosynthesis almost universally originates from the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate mutase (Ppm), EC 5.4.2.9, which catalyzes O−P bond cleavage in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and forms a high energy C−P bond in phosphonopyruvate (PnPy). Mechanistic scrutiny of this unusual intramolecular O‐to‐C phosphoryl transfer began with the discovery of Ppm in 1988 and concluded in 2008 with computational evidence supporting a concerted phosphoryl transfer via a dissociative metaphosphate‐like transition state. This mechanism deviates from the standard ‘in‐line attack’ paradigm for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer that typically involves a phosphoryl‐enzyme intermediate, but definitive evidence is sparse. Here we review the experimental evidence leading to our current mechanistic understanding and highlight the roles of previously underappreciated conserved active site residues. We then identify remaining opportunities to evaluate overlooked residues and unexamined substrates/inhibitors.
Anal polyp
Authors: Bansal Raghav , Shankar Uday , Ain Ayesha , Aron Joshua , Walfish Aaron
Published: August 2022

Our case accurately describes a not infrequent finding that is not well understood by endoscopists. Fibroepithelial polyps are benign and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anorectal polyp.
Asymptomatic mesh infection 6 years after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: A rare case report
Authors: Li Zhiwang , Zeng Haijing , Liu Yuping , Wu Zuguang , Li En
Published: August 2022

This report aims to discuss a case of asymptomatic mesh infection 6 years after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair and to reveal that the risk of mesh infection may occur after a long period of this surgery. This report is also intended to suggest surgeons pay more attention to the follow‐up of such patients and to be aware of the possibility of mesh infection to assist in early diagnosis and treatment. A 63‐year‐old male patient, who underwent TEP inguinal hernia repair 6 years ago for right inguinal hernia, fell down accidentally 2 weeks ago. Enhanced computed tomography(CT) showed right lower abdomen cystic lesions, so he underwent laparoscopic surgery during which abscess caused by delayed mesh infection was found. After removing the mesh and abscess, he was discharged. The risk of mesh infection after TEP inguinal hernia repair is low, but it can last for more than 6 years and can even be asymptomatic as long as the mesh remains in the body.
Intermittent chronic telogen effluvium with an unusual dermoscopic finding following COVID‐19
Authors: Saki Nasrin , Aslani Fatemeh Sari , Sepaskhah Mozhdeh , Shafiei Mohadese , Alavizadeh Sara , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Asl Fatemeh Ansari , Ahramiyanpour Najmeh
Published: August 2022

Various conditions, including infections, can cause telogen effluvium (TE). One of them is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), where hair loss usually begins between 2 and 12 weeks after the illness. TE can be acute or chronic, and the chronic type can be intermittent. Here, we present the case of a 17‐year‐old girl with severe and widespread hair loss following an upper respiratory infection suspected to be COVID‐19, with the patient having a history of such attacks since childhood. Evidence from biopsy and dermoscopy indicated a diagnosis of TE.
Successful treatment of suspect Babesia‐induced ARDS in a dog using lung‐protective positive‐pressure ventilation and neuromuscular blockade
Authors: DeStefano Ian M. , Wayne Annie S. , Cudney Sarah E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2022

A mixed breed dog was treated for severe hemolytic anemia secondary to Babesia canis infection. Within 14 hours of hospitalization, the dog developed respiratory distress and hypoxemia. The patient improved with lung‐protective mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular blockade. The dog survived to discharge and was reportedly healthy at three‐month follow‐up.
Performance Evaluation of a Vertical Radial Flow Adsorber Based on Binary Adsorption of CO2 and H2O
Authors: Xu Pan , Wen Jian , Huang Weixuan , Xin Biping , Wang Simin
Published: August 2022

A mathematical model of binary adsorption of CO2 and H2O is established to investigate the adsorption process of a vertical radial flow adsorber (VRFA). The competitive adsorption laws of CO2 and H2O in the VRFA are analyzed, the relationships between various indexes of adsorption performance are quantitatively compared, and the fitting correlation reflecting the adsorption performance is obtained. The results indicate that the main affecting parameters of flow uniformity and adsorption time are different, so it is inappropriate to only use the flow uniformity as the unique index of adsorption performance. The fitting correlation of adsorption time is obtained by central composite Design (CCD) and Kriging methods with a fitting degree of 99.1 %, which can be used to guide the design of the VRFA.
Fusion of Aza‐ and Oxadiborepins with Furans in a Reversible Ring‐Opening Process Furnishes Versatile Building Blocks for Extended π‐Conjugated Materials
Authors: Bachmann Jonas , Helbig Andreas , Crumbach Merian , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Helten Holger
Published: August 2022

A modular synthesis of both difurooxa‐ and difuroazadiborepins from a common precursor is demonstrated. Starting from 2,2′‐bifuran, after protection of the positions 5 and 5’ with bulky silyl groups, formation of the novel polycycles proceeds through opening of the furan rings to a dialkyne and subsequent re‐cyclization in the borylation step. The resulting bifuran‐fused diborepins show pronounced stability, highly planar tricyclic structures, and intense blue light emission. Deprotection and transformation into dibrominated building blocks that can be incorporated into π‐extended materials can be performed in one step. Detailed DFT calculations provide information about the aromaticity of the constituent rings of this polycycle.
In situ X‐ray Scattering of the Crystallisation of Basic Magnesium Chlorides using a Laboratory Instrument
Authors: Pickering Katie S. , Huband Steven , Shafran Kirill L. , Walton Richard I.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a method for in situ monitoring of the crystallisation of basic magnesium chlorides using a laboratory‐based SAXS (small angle X‐ray scattering)/ WAXS (wide angle X‐ray scattering) instrument. By simultaneous acquisition of SAXS/WAXS, time‐resolved particle size and phase evolution information was obtained from room temperature to 120 °C. The WAXS data were analysed using two‐phase Rietveld refinements, to produce crystallisation curves. From Avrami‐type kinetic analysis two competing mechanistic processes were proposed for the formation of Mg3Cl(OH)5 ⋅ 4 H2O with a nucleation‐type mechanism extending further into the reaction with increased temperature. When comparing SAXS and WAXS, an offset between the consumption of MgO and the reduction of the sphere contribution to the SAXS scattering is observed. This is rationalised by the formation of an amorphous Mg(OH)2 layer on the MgO particle surface. Although laboratory‐based SAXS/WAXS instruments have limitations compared to synchrotron‐based sources, we have demonstrated how they can provide new insights into the formation of materials.
Hepatitis C infection and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma—To treat or not to treat?
Authors: Jalal Prasun K.
Published: August 2022

Targeting hepatitis C virus early in the course with currently available highly effective and safe direct acting antivirals is an underutilized strategy to treat patients with active hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Achieving sustained viral response, in addition to systemic and locoregional therapies for advanced stages of HCC may improve the outcome, including hepatic decompensation.
Patterns of use and outcomes of peripherally inserted central catheters in hospitalized patients with solid tumors: A multicenter study
Authors: Mitbander Urvashi B. , Geer Marcus J. , Taxbro Knut , Horowitz Jennifer K. , Zhang Qisu , O'Malley Megan E. , Ramnath Nithya , Chopra Vineet
Published: August 2022

Background

The risk of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)‐related complications in patients hospitalized with solid tumors remains unclear. Existing studies are limited by single‐center, outpatient designs and include heterogenous patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was designed and included adult patients with solid organ cancers who were admitted to a general medicine ward or intensive care unit and received a PICC. Data were collected from November 2013 to December 2019 at 50 Michigan hospitals. Major complications were defined as central line–associated bloodstream infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and catheter occlusion. Hospital variation in PICC use and outcomes was examined.

Results

Data included 3235 hospitalized patients with solid tumors who had PICCs placed for 51,047 catheter days. Most catheters were double‐lumen devices (57.0%). Notably, 17.5% of patients had another central venous catheter at the time of PICC insertion. The most common indications for PICC use were antibiotics (34.5%) and difficult access or blood draws (21.6%); chemotherapy was the primary indication in only 15.7% of patients. A major PICC‐related complication occurred in 491 patients (15.2%); catheter occlusion was the most prevalent complication (n = 322; 10.0%) followed by deep vein thrombosis (n = 116; 3.6%), central line–associated bloodstream infection (n = 82; 2.5%), and pulmonary embolism (n = 20; 0.6%). Significant variation in indications for PICC use, device characteristics, and frequency of major complications across hospitals was observed (p < .001).

Conclusions

PICCs were associated with significant complications in hospitalized patients who had solid malignancies and were often used for reasons other than chemotherapy. Policies and guidance for the appropriate use of PICCs in oncologic patients appear necessary.

Lay summary

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are devices placed in peripheral veins to deliver medication to large veins near the heart.

PICCs are used frequently in oncology.

The objective of this report was to describe PICC‐associated complications in hospitalized patients with solid tumors.

This study was performed across 50 Michigan hospitals and included 3235 patients with solid tumor cancers and who had a PICC.

Overall, 15.2% of patients experienced a complication, including central line‐associated bloodstream infections, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or catheter occlusion.

Complication rates varied across hospitals.

PICCs are associated with substantial complications in hospitalized patients with solid tumors.
Association between transfusion status and clinical and economic outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes from the physicians' perspective
Authors: Gupta Shaloo , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Costantino Halley , Grisolano Jay , Tang Jackson , Jones Shalon , Tang Derek
Published: August 2022

Background

The current study investigated physicians' understanding of the impact of transfusion status (TS) on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Materials & Methods

378 physicians primarily specializing in hematology/oncology across five European countries completed the survey. The survey asked physicians for their perspectives on the impact of TS on risk of death, risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chance of leukemia‐free survival, and number of significant bleeding events, infection events, hospitalizations, and emergency room (ER) visits.

Results

Physicians estimated that compared to transfusion‐dependent (TD) patients, transfusion‐independent (TI) patients had a 37.6% reduced risk of death, lower risk of progression to AML, and lower risk of non‐leukemic death, for all MDS risk levels. TD patients who became TI after treatment were estimated to have 40.6% reduced risk of death and 34% reduced risk of progression to AML, compared to TD patients who remained TD.

Conclusions

Compared with TD patients, physicians estimated that TI patients have fewer events of infection and significant bleeding, and experience fewer hospitalizations and ER visits per person per year. Overall, physicians reported better outcomes for TI patients. New treatment options for patients with MDS to reduce or eliminate transfusion burden are warranted.
Effective Photosensitization in Excited‐State Equilibrium: Brilliant Luminescence of TbIII Coordination Polymers Through Ancillary Ligand Modifications
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Moriake Ryoma , Akama Tomoko , Saito Koki , Aikawa Kota , Shoji Sunao , Fushimi Koji , Kobayashi Masato , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: August 2022

Invited for this month′s cover are the collaborating groups of Yuichi Kitagawa, Yasuchika Hasegawa, Tetsuya Taketsugu, and co‐workers at Hokkaido University. The cover picture shows a photosensitizer that has a long excited‐state lifetime and provides strong emissions for TbIII coordination polymers. The photosensitization ability can be considerably altered by changing the ancillary ligands in the TbIII coordination polymers. The results provide new insights on the design of photosensitizers for improving the properties of photo‐functional materials. More information can be found in the Research Article by Y. Kitagawa, Y. Hasegawa, and co‐workers.
Electron Microscopy of Cells Grown on Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
Authors: Helmprobst Frederik , Hupfer Anna , Lauth Matthias , Pagenstecher Axel
Published: August 2022

The composition of the cell culture environment profoundly affects cultured cells. Standard cell culture equipment such as plastic and glass provide extremely stiff surfaces compared to physiological cell environments (i.e., tissue). A growing body of evidence documents the artificial behavior and morphology of cells cultured on supraphysiologically stiff surfaces, such as glass (elastic modulus ca. 70,000 MPA) or plastic (e.g., polystyrol ca. 3300 MPA). Therefore, polymer‐based hydrogels are increasingly employed as more physiologically appropriate (<100 kPA) supports for 2D or 3D culture. Since multiple properties that influence the cultured cells may be easily adjusted, hydrogels have become versatile tools for studying cells in a more native in vitro environment. Polyacrylamide‐based hydrogels can be used as culture substrates for a broad variety of adherent cells and are easy to handle in most downstream biological assays, such as immunohistochemistry or molecular biology methods. We faced, however, serious difficulties with processing high stiffness polyacrylamide‐based hydrogels for electron microscopy. To overcome this problem, we developed a simple protocol for embedding and processing cells grown on high stiffness polyacrylamide hydrogels that do not require modifications of routine embedding protocols. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Embedding of polyacrylamide‐based hydrogels for transmission electron microscopy

Alternate Protocol 1: Procedure for detached hydrogels

Alternate Protocol 2: Procedure for attached hydrogels
Regrowth of brachiariagrasses as related to stubble characteristics under N fertilization and irrigation
Authors: Lara Márcio A. S. , Silva Valdson J. , Pedreira Carlos G. S. , Sollenberger Lynn E.
Published: August 2022

Seasonal and annual changes in stubble characteristics can affect the regrowth of warm‐season perennial grasses. Understanding these changes and their effects on forage accumulation rate (FAR) can improve defoliation management. Our objective was to describe and relate variations in stubble characteristics with FAR during regrowth of four palisadegrasses [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf. syn. Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster], genotypes Marandu, Xaraés, Arapoty, and Capiporã, and one signalgrass [Brachiaria decumbens (Stapf.) syn. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) R.D. Webster] cultivar Basilisk, in southeastern Brazil. Plots were harvested at 15‐cm stubble height every 28 d during the warm season and 42 d during the cool season of years 2005–2006 and 2007–2008. Stubble mass was ∼1,070 kg DM ha−1 greater in the cool than warm season, whereas FAR was less in the cool season. Arapoty and Basilisk showed generally less FAR (∼45 kg d−1) and stubble leaf, stem, dead material, and total mass during the warm season than more productive grasses Capiporã and Xaraés (∼63 kg d−1). Leaf and canopy photosynthesis varied over seasons and years, but they were similar among grasses despite differences in stubble characteristics and FAR. Marandu accumulated more leaf in the stubble than other grasses, resulting in greater residual leaf area index, but it did not increase FAR. Under less favorable growth conditions, grasses increased stubble herbage mass (SHM). More productive grasses generally present greater SHM and leaf mass, indicating that stubble characteristics play an important role in the regrowth of brachiariagrasses.
Anwendung der ETB‐Richtline auf Befestigungselemente von Fenstern und Fassaden
Authors: Eierle Benno , Jehl Wolfgang , Sack Norbert
Published: August 2022

Die ETB‐Richtlinie „Bauteile, die gegen Absturz sichern“ aus dem Jahr 1985 ist eine der ältesten Vorschriften, die in den aktuellen Technischen Baubestimmungen (Teil A, Lfd. Nr. A 1.2.1.3) enthalten sind. Sie definiert ebenso wie der Eurocode 1 die Einwirkungen auf absturzsichernde Bauteile, enthält im Gegensatz zum EC1 jedoch auch Nachweismethoden und Anforderungen an Stoßlasten. Dieser Bericht umreißt den Anwendungsbereich, für den die ETB‐Richtlinie heute noch relevant ist, und stellt die theoretischen Hintergründe für den Nachweis von Befestigungselementen für den weichen Stoß dar, die bisher nur schlecht dokumentiert sind. Zudem werden erweiterte Lastansätze und Nachweismethoden für die Fensterbefestigung in hochwärmedämmendem Mauerwerk vorgestellt, die im Rahmen eines durch das DIBt geförderten Forschungsprojekts erarbeitet wurden.