bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel genetic variants in HDAC2 and PPARGC1A of the CREB‐binding protein pathway predict survival of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang Dongfang , Zhao Yu Chen , Qian Danwen , Liu Hongliang , Luo Sheng , Patz Edward F. , Moorman Patricia G. , Su Li , Shen Sipeng , Christiani David C. , Glass Carolyn , Gao Wen , Wei Qingyi
Published: November 2019

The CREB‐binding protein (CBP) pathway plays an important role in transcription and activity of acetyltransferase that acetylates lysine residues of histones and nonhistone proteins. In the present study, we hypothesized that genetic variants in the CBP pathway genes played a role in survival of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We tested this hypothesis using the genotyping data from the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) dataset from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. In the single‐locus analysis, we evaluated associations between 13 176 (1107 genotyped and 12 069 imputed) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 72 genes and survival of 1185 patients with NSCLC. The identified 106 significant SNPs in the discovery were further validated in additional genotyping data from another GWAS dataset of 984 patients with NSCLC in the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility Study. The combined results of two datasets showed that two independent, potentially functional SNPs (i.e., HDAC2 rs13213007G>A and PPARGC1A rs60571065T>A) were significantly associated with NSCLC overall survival, with a combined hazards ratio (HR) of 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09‐1.45; P = .002) and 1.23 (1.04‐1.47; P = .017), respectively. Furthermore, we performed an expression quantitative trait loci analysis and found that the survival‐associated HDAC2 rs13213007A allele (GA+AA), but not PPARGC1A rs60571065A allele (TA+AA), was significantly associated with increased messenger RNA expression levels of HDAC2 in 373 lymphoblastoid cell lines. These results indicate that the HDAC2 rs13213007A allele is a potential predictor of NSCLC survival, likely by altering the HDAC2 expression.
FSIP1 is correlated with estrogen receptor status and poor prognosis
Authors: Li Xuelu , Song Xiaoqing , Ma Jing , Zhao Yu , Jiang Qinyan , Zhao Zuowei , Li Man
Published: November 2019

Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) is frequently activated in a variety of tumors including breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of FSIP1 in hormone receptor (HR)‐positive breast cancer is unclear. We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of FSIP1 in human breast cancer databases. A comprehensive analysis of 1094 gene expression profiles of breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that FSIP1 overexpression correlated with decreased overall survival in HR‐positive breast cancer patients. We also showed that knockdown of FSIP1 in T47D and BT474 cell lines resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, we retrospectively examined the expression and prognostic value of FSIP1 in 129 breast cancer patients to examine the expression of FSIP1 by the immunohistochemical method and got the similar results that high expression of FSIP1 predicts poor prognosis. Therefore, FSIP1 has a crucial role in HR‐positive breast cancer and represents an attractive therapeutic target for HR‐positive breast cancer.
Spinal neurofibromatosis with NF1 mutation in a classic neurofibromatosis type 1 family: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ning Zeqian , Yang Zhiqian , Chen Gaofei , Wu Wenjiao , He Longshuang , Sun Yesheng , Cai Dongpeng , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

Background

Spinal neurofibromatosis (SNF) is a related form of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) with a low incidence. Here, we report a SNF patient with NF1 (OMIM *613113) mutation in a classic NF1 family to enrich the case data.

Methods

We presented the clinical data of a 27‐year‐old female suffered from SNF. Two NF1 individuals (the mother and the brother) in the patient's family were also described. In the SNF patient, tumors in cervical were removed by surgical operation after the spinal MRI evaluation. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to better characterize the excised tumors. NF1 exons of the patient and her NF1 families were further sequenced by the next‐generation sequencing technology.

Results

The patient developed irregular café‐au‐lait macules, multi‐subcutaneous nodules, recurrent numbness, and weakness of both lower extremities. Multiple neurofibromas were found in the whole spine by spinal MRI. Tumor‐like cells and hyperplasia of ganglion cells were found in the excised tissue by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. One‐year follow‐up on the SNF patient showed that after the surgery lower limb pain, numbness and convulsion were completely relieved. A common germ‐line pathogenic mutation (NM_000267.3:c.1721 + 3A>G) was found in both the SNF patient and her classic NF1 families.

Conclusion

A case of SNF with classic NF1 mutation in a classic NF1 family was identified for the first time, indicating that SNF may share the same gene mutation with NF1, while the different manifestation of NF1 and SNF may be related to gene modification.
Preoperative vascular mapping for anterolateral thigh flap surgeries: A clinical trial of photoacoustic tomography imaging
Authors: Tsuge Itaru , Saito Susumu , Yamamoto Goshiro , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Aya , Matsumoto Yoshiaki , Suzuki Shigehiko , Toi Masakazu
Published: November 2019

Background

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a noninvasive vascular imaging modality that uses near‐infrared pulse laser beams and ultrasound (US) to visualize vessels. We previously demonstrated the utility of PAT for visualizing anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforators in a clinical study of 10 thighs in 5 healthy adults. Evaluation of the correlation between PAT and US findings showed that PAT had comparable diagnostic potential but was superior in visualizing subcutaneous microvessels; however, there was no comparison with intraoperative findings. In this study, we used a newly developed technique to transfer a PAT image to a body‐attachable transparent sheet to compare PAT and intraoperative findings.

Methods

Eight patients were recruited in this prospective study. Patient age ranged from 32 to 79 years (average 60). Seven ALT flaps were applied in head and neck reconstruction. One flap was elevated in chest wall reconstruction. Each PAT scan of an 18 cm × 13.5 cm region took approximately 5 min. Acquired data were processed three‐dimensionally using a novel imaging software program. Perforator vessel data from PAT imaging were traced and corrected for projection onto medical film sheets. The correlation between the perforator stem portions predicted by PAT and the intraoperative findings at the level of the fascia‐penetrating points was evaluated, and distal branching patterns were analyzed.

Results

PAT imaging showed 16 perforators in 8 thighs. Intraoperative surgical findings revealed that all the perforator penetrating points at the deep fascia level matched the PAT findings within 10 mm. None of the eight ALT flaps demonstrated postoperative complications. The perforator complexes were classified as type I in three cases (19%), type II in eight cases (50%), and type III in five cases (31%).

Conclusions

PAT imaging matched the intraoperative findings within 10 mm. Preoperative vascular evaluation allows for the creation of a vascular map for facilitating ALT flap surgeries.
Estimation of the atmospheric greenhouse gas spatial distribution in the Arctic using a back trajectory model
Authors: Poddubny Vassily , Nagovitsyna Ekaterina , Antonov Konstantin , Markelov Jury , Buevich Alexander , Omelkova Elena , Manzhurov Igor , Medvedev Alexander , Vasilyeva Julia
Published: November 2019

We present a method and results of the retrieval of average effective fields of atmospheric impurity concentration using a passive wind sensing (remote sensing) numeric technology referred to as Fluid Location of the Atmosphere (FLA). The quasi‐two‐dimensional problem of reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the greenhouse gases assuming the diffusion Peclet number infinitely large was solved numerically. The study is based on in‐situ measurements of the atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the expeditions to Belyy Island in the Kara Sea in July and August of 2016 to 2017. The differences and common features of CH4 and CO2 spatial distribution in this region of the Arctic during specified periods were analyzed. CH4 concentrations tended to decrease with moving from the continent to the remote sea areas. For CO2 on the contrary, lower values were observed over the continent, and they increased with a distance from the coastline. For both greenhouse gases, average atmospheric concentrations increased in 2017 relative to 2016.
Local aromaticity in polyacenes manifested by individual proton and carbon shieldings: DFT mapping of aromaticity
Authors: Gajda Magdalena , Gajda Łukasz , Kupka Teobald , Kar Tapas
Published: November 2019

Exponential dependencies between locally calculated geometric and magnetic indexes of aromaticity, harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS)(0), NICS(1) and NICS(1)zz, and the number of conjugated benzene rings in linear acenes, from benzene to decacene were observed at B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory. Correlations between HOMA and NICS indexes showed exponential dependencies and were fitted with simple three‐parameter function. Similar correlations between both indexes of aromaticity and proton and carbon nuclear isotropic shieldings of individual acene rings were observed. Contrary to proton data, the predicted 13C nuclear isotropic shieldings of carbon atoms belonging to inner rings in polyacenes were less shielded, indicating lower aromaticity and therefore, higher reactivity.
Palaeodiet reconstruction inferred by stable isotopes analysis of faunal and human remains at Bronze Age Punta di Zambrone (Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Rumolo Annalisa , Forstenpointner Gerhard , Rumolo Paola , Jung Reinhard
Published: November 2019

Recent research has shown that the Bronze Age is a crucial period of dietary changes in Italy. Following this line of enquiry, the paper reports the results of stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of faunal bone collagen as well as of collagen extracted from a few human bones dated to the Recent Bronze Age (13th/12th century BCE) and excavated at the coastal settlement of Punta di Zambrone (PdZ) in Calabria, southern Italy. They constitute the first such data on that period from the Italian south and can be used to determine an isotopic baseline of human food sources providing new insights on the diet of humans inhabiting Calabria.

Overall, isotopic data of the faunal samples are fairly uniform, and there is no significant discrepancy to be observed between exclusively herbivorous animals (sheep/goats, bovine, and red deer) and those having a mixed diet, such as dogs and pigs. All the animals have similar δ15N values with only slightly higher values for dog (6.5‰ ± 1.1), and the average of δ15N for both domestic and wild animals fits well with published results for herbivorous mammals. Enriched δ13C values (range between −19.3‰ and −14.9‰) in most of the faunal samples suggest a terrestrial diet dominated by a mixing of C3 and C4 plants (e.g.. millet). The human diet also reflects an impact of C4 plants in accordance with the archaeobotanic remains. In an interregional comparison, PdZ stands out in this respect among the sites of the Italian south. Human remains from northern Italian sites suggest a much stronger intake of C4 plants than at PdZ.
Output feedback preview tracking control for time‐varying polytopic descriptor systems
Authors: Li Li , Dong Yan , Li Qian
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the problem of static output feedback preview tracking control for discrete‐time descriptor systems with time‐varying parameters subject to a previewable reference signal. First, an augmented error system including the information of the future reference signal is constructed based on the error system approach. Second, a preview control policy is constructed by integrating output feedback, preview action, and integral operation. Relying on the augmentation modeling technique, a linear preview control design problem is transformed into an equivalent augmented output‐feedback control design problem. New design conditions guaranteeing the existence of a stabilizing controller are recast as an LMI‐based feasibility problem. The proposed preview controller design method requires neither special constraints on the state‐space system matrices nor a high‐dimensional augmented error system. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Load Optimisation for Air Bending in the Context of Damage Reduction
Authors: Guhr Fabian , Barthold Franz-Joseph , Meya Rickmer , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: November 2019

Load optimisation applied to air bending is used to optimise the damage state in the formed component. In [1], elastomer bending is presented, where superposed stresses due to the reaction forces of the elastomer cushion lead to reduced damage growth. Replacing the elastomer cushion with compressive loads allows for optimisation of these loads such that the damage, estimated with the stress triaxiality, is reduced. The optimisation is accomplished with the commercial FEM‐Software Abaqus as the solver for the mechanical problem where Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is used within Matlab to generate improved loads.
Coulomb dry friction contact in a non‐material shell finite element model for axially moving endless steel belts
Authors: Scheidl Jakob , Vetyukov Yury
Published: November 2019

Having developed a mixed, quasistatic Eulerian–Lagrangian shell finite element model for the simulation of axially moving, endless steel belts, we focus on how to efficiently treat the Coulomb contact between belt and drums. The proposed method relies on the penalty regularization for normal contact and on an augmented Lagrangian strategy for tangential contact. The presented results demonstrate the robustness of the applied scheme.
Coupled phase‐field modeling of domain and fracture evolution in anisotropic ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Keip Marc-André , Sridhar Ashish
Published: November 2019

The contribution presents a material model for the simulation of domain and fracture evolution in ferroelectric ceramics. Ferroelectric domains and cracks are modeled by using a phase field. While for the modeling of the ferroelectric domains we consider the vectorial electric polarization as order parameter, the modeling of cracks is based on a scalar damage variable. In the present contribution, we discuss the evolution of domains and cracks in an anisotropic ferroelectric solid.
Predicting poor outcomes and the need for surgical treatment in neonates with meconium peritonitis
Authors: Feng Yan , Zheng Haiqing , Zhang Guanglan , Zhong Wei , Guo Kaimin , Tang Haiyang , Zhong Junmin , Yin Wei , Wang Zhe , Mei Shanshan , Morse Abraham N.
Published: November 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with poor outcomes and the need for surgical treatment in neonates with meconium peritonitis (MP).

Methods

We evaluated the association between prenatal ultrasound features, maternal characteristics, and the likelihood of surgery, mortality, and serious morbidity in 49 neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of MP, who were born in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 2011 and December 2016.

Results

Thirty of 49 neonates (61.2%) required surgical treatment, and 17 (34.7%) had a poor outcome. Independent predictors of need for surgical treatment were polyhydramnios, maternal intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (associated with lower risk), and persistence of peritoneal fluid. The model correctly predicted 70.0% of the neonates who required surgery (at a 10% false‐positive rate; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75‐0.97]). For poor outcomes, independent predictors were low gestational age at birth, persistence of peritoneal fluid, and polyhydramnios. For the latter, the model only achieved a detection rate of 52.9% (10% false‐positive rate, AUC: 0.82 [95% CI, 0.70‐0.94]).

Conclusions

A combination of prenatal ultrasound features and maternal characteristics correctly predicted 70.0% the need for neonatal surgery. Prediction of poor outcome‐based prenatal ultrasound features and gestational age did not perform well.
Overview of assessment for deaf and hard of hearing students
Authors: Neild Raschelle , Fitzpatrick Michael
Published: November 2019

Historically assessing deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) students has been a daunting challenge. Although significant strides have been made, there continues to be a dearth of research and literature specifically addressing the endemic challenges multidisciplinary teams encounter when assessing D/HH students. This article delineates a historical overview, purpose of assessment, student‐centered approaches, limitations and challenges, and appropriate protocols for assessing D/HH students.
Feasibility and acceptability of a pilot tailored text messaging intervention for adolescents and young adults completing cancer treatment
Authors: Schwartz Lisa A. , Daniel Lauren C. , Henry‐Moss Dare , Bonafide Christopher P. , Li Yimei , Psihogios Alexandra M. , Butler Eliana S. , Szalda Dava , Ver Hoeve Elizabeth S. , Hobbie Wendy L. , Dowshen Nadia L. , Pierce Lisa , Kersun Leslie S. , Barakat Lamia P.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Despite cure, adolescents and young adults (AYA) who complete cancer treatment remain at risk for numerous physical and psychological late effects. However, engagement in recommended follow‐up care, knowledge of cancer treatment history and risks, and adoption of health promoting behaviors are often suboptimal. The pilot randomized controlled trial assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging intervention (THRIVE; Texting Health Resources to Inform, motiVate, and Engage) designed to promote well‐being, and health knowledge and behaviors.

Methods

Sixty‐one AYA who recently completed cancer therapy enrolled and were randomized to receive THRIVE (n = 31) or an AYA survivor handbook (n = 30). Participants from both groups completed baseline measures and follow‐up surveys 16 weeks later. AYA randomized to THRIVE received one to two health‐related text messages per day over 16 weeks.

Results

THRIVE demonstrated a high level of acceptability and feasibility. Exploratory analyses highlighted promising improvements in knowledge, fruit/vegetable intake, and perceptions of health vulnerability.

Conclusions

Text messaging is an acceptable and feasible intervention approach for improving well‐being and health of AYA survivors. Future research is needed to test the impact of text messaging in a larger trial, including whether or not such an intervention can improve clinical outcomes, such as survivors' engagement in follow‐up care.
Mucus obstruction and inflammation in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: Emerging role of the IL‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Balázs Anita , Mall Marcus A.
Published: November 2019

Mucus plugging constitutes a nutrient‐rich nidus for a bacterial infection that has long been recognized as a potent stimulus for neutrophilic airway inflammation driving progressive lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, mucus plugging and neutrophilic inflammation are already present in many infants and young children with CF even in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. A series of observational studies in young children with CF, as well as investigations in animal models with CF‐like lung disease support the concept that mucus plugging per se can trigger inflammation before the onset of airways infection. Here we review emerging evidence suggesting that activation of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) signaling pathway by hypoxic epithelial cell necrosis, leading to the release of IL‐1α in mucus‐obstructed airways, may be an important mechanistic link between mucus plugging and sterile airway inflammation in early CF lung disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent data from preclinical studies demonstrating that treatment with the IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R) antagonist anakinra has anti‐inflammatory as well as mucus modulating effects in mice with CF‐like lung disease and primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia. Collectively, these studies support an important role of the IL‐1 signaling pathway in sterile neutrophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion and suggest inhibition of this pathway as a promising anti‐inflammatory strategy in patients with CF and potentially other muco‐obstructive lung diseases.
Off‐label use of intravenous antimicrobials for inhalation in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: McKinzie Cameron J. , Chen Lori , Ehlert Kim , Grisso Alison G. , Linafelter Alaina , Lubsch Lisa , O'Brien Catherine E. , Pan Alice C. , Wright Brittany A. , Elson E. Claire
Published: November 2019

Management of infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) presents challenges for healthcare providers, including the eradication of initial acquisition, treatment of acute exacerbations, and chronic infection with suppressive therapy. Inhaled antimicrobial therapy for infections in patients with CF has been used in these capacities, often in an effort to achieve optimal concentrations in sputum for antimicrobial efficacy while mitigating potential toxicities associated with systemic therapy. Unfortunately, there are few commercially available products formulated for inhalation, resulting in the off‐label use of other formulations, such as intravenous products, administered via nebulization. This review aims to examine the evidence supporting the efficacy of these off‐label formulations for management of acute and chronic infections associated with CF, as well as adverse effects associated with their use.
Nutrition in cystic fibrosis: From the past to the present and into the future
Authors: Altman Kimberly , McDonald Catherine M. , Michel Suzanne H. , Maguiness Karen
Published: November 2019

Nutritional management is an integral part of multidisciplinary care for persons with cystic fibrosis. This review will look at how nutrition care has evolved over time. In addition, we will look at how some newer therapies impact nutrition care.
Mucus, mucins, and cystic fibrosis
Authors: Morrison Cameron Bradley , Markovetz Matthew Raymond , Ehre Camille
Published: November 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is both the most common and most lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and is characterized by the accumulation of thick, adherent mucus plaques in multiple organs, of which the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic ducts are the most commonly affected. A similar pathogenesis cascade is observed in all of these organs: loss of CFTR function leads to altered ion transport, consisting of decreased chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the CFTR channel and increased sodium absorption via epithelial sodium channel upregulation. Mucosa exposed to changes in ionic concentrations sustain severe pathophysiological consequences. Altered mucus biophysical properties and weakened innate defense mechanisms ensue, furthering the progression of the disease. Mucins, the high‐molecular‐weight glycoproteins responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the mucus, play a key role in the disease but the actual mechanism of mucus accumulation is still undetermined. Multiple hypotheses regarding the impact of CFTR malfunction on mucus have been proposed and are reviewed here. (a) Dehydration increases mucin monomer entanglement, (b) defective Ca2+ chelation compromises mucin expansion, (c) ionic changes alter mucin interactions, and (d) reactive oxygen species increase mucin crosslinking. Although one biochemical change may dominate, it is likely that all of these mechanisms play some role in the progression of CF disease. This article discusses recent findings on the initial cause(s) of aberrant mucus properties in CF and examines therapeutic approaches aimed at correcting mucus properties.
Pest control with drip‐applied dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin in plastic‐mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Yu Jialin , Sharpe Shaun M , Vallad Gary E , Boyd Nathan S
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is used as a preplant soil fumigant for weed and soilborne pathogen control in plasticulture vegetable crops. The objective of this research was to determine the control efficacy of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of DMDS or DMDS + chloropicrin (Pic) on weed and Fusarium wilt in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plasticulture.

RESULTS

The effective DMDS rates required to provide 50% (ER50) control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) were 210 and 340 kg ha−1 at 4 weeks after fumigation (WAF) in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 348 and >467 kg ha−1, respectively, at 12 WAF. The ER50 values of DMDS + Pic were 150 and 240 kg ha−1 at 4 WAF in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 255 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively, at 12 WAF. DMDS + Pic was generally more effective than DMDS for C. rotundus control. The high rates of DMDS or DMDS + Pic provided adequate C. rotundus control in early season but failed to provide effective control by season end. In addition, DMDS + Pic injections through drip tape effectively reduced Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum while DMDS alone was generally ineffective.

CONCLUSION

Injection of the EC formulation of DMDS or DMDS + Pic through drip tape should have been provided a viable option for C. rotundus and Fusarium wilt control in plastic‐mulched tomato. However, supplemental weed management actions, such as herbicide applications, may be required to achieve season‐long control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Deorphanization of an odorant receptor revealed new bioactive components for green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Khashaveh Adel , An Xingkui , Shan Shuang , Xiao Yong , Wang Qi , Wang Shanning , Li Zibo , Geng Ting , Gu Shaohua , Zhang Yongjun
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

The Apolygus lucorum is one of the most destructive insect pests in China with a wide range of host plants. Interaction of A. lucorum with surrounding environment heavily relies on chemical communication. Deorphanization of receptors involved in odors detection elevates our understanding of the olfactory system of this pest and may help to develop a chemical ecology‐based control strategy.

RESULTS

AlucOR80, an odorant receptor (OR) in A. lucorum was newly cloned. Gene expression analysis showed that this receptor was mainly expressed in the antennae and head of both sexes but with a male bias. The Xenopus oocytes heterologous expression system coupled with the two‐electrode voltage‐clamp (TEVC) recording revealed that AlucOR80 was tuned to 21 selected compounds. Furthermore, electroantennogram (EAG) tests confirmed that all 21 ligands of AlucOR80 were electrophysiologically active in antennae of both sexes. Behavioral trials in a three‐cage olfactometer indicated that 16 compounds were behaviorally active, amongst which, 12 components were attractants and four components were repellents for adults of both sexes. Butyl butyrate and Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were the strongest attractive and repellant compounds, respectively. Importantly, we found the repellency of 1, 8‐Cineole, S‐(−)‐cis‐Verbenol and (1S)–(1)‐beta‐Pinene against adults of A. lucorum.

CONCLUSION

Although AlucOR80 is a general OR, may play important role in the olfactory perception of A. lucorum. Screening of AlucOR80 ligands by behavioral assay provided valuable insights by which olfactory‐based management approaches could be developed by utilizing the behaviorally active components as attractants or repellents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement‐Mode AlGaN/GaN Vertical Trench Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors with a High Drain Current Fabricated Using the AlGaN Regrowth Technique
Authors: Yamamoto Akio , Kanatani Keito , Yoneda Norifumi , Asubar Joel T. , Tokuda Hirokuni , Kuzuhara Masaaki
Published: November 2019

Herein, the first successful fabrication of enhancement (E)‐mode AlGaN/GaN vertical trench metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) using n+‐GaN/p‐GaN/n−‐GaN epistructures on free‐standing n+ substrates is reported. A trench with smooth semipolar planes (sidewalls) with angles of 45° and 135° from the c‐plane is formed by reactive ion etching. Using metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy, a uniform thickness of the AlGaN layer is regrown in the trench. Devices fabricated without Mg activation treatment for p‐GaN show depletion (D)‐mode operation. The operation mode is changed from D to E when Mg activation annealing temperature exceeds 700 °C. A high drain current (ID) ≥ 0.8 A mm−1 is obtained in the devices with a relatively low Mg concentration (≤1 × 1018 cm−3), whereas a threshold voltage (VTH) as high as 22 V is obtained in the devices with a high Mg concentration (5 × 1018 cm−3). The poorly controlled VTH with doped Mg concentration is discussed from the viewpoint of dehydrogenation of the p‐GaN layer.
Realizing the Multiband Absorption in the Visible Region via the Collaboration of Fabry–Pérot, Propagating Surface Plasmons, and Void Plasmons Resonance Effects
Authors: Yan Yan , Shu Shiwei , Huang Chengping , Zhang Meng
Published: November 2019

Herein, a novel method is proposed to achieve multiband absorption in the visible region. Different from the conventional metal–insulator–metal (MIM) based multiband absorbers which absorb normally incident plane waves at different frequencies based on the impedance matching effect, the multiband absorption proposed here is achieved through the coupling effects of Fabry–Pérot (FP), propagating surface plasmons (PSPs), and void plasmons (VPs) resonance. A clear physical image is unveiled by means of numerical simulations through the geometric parameters corresponding to various resonance modes. The absorption features can be easily controlled by tuning the period of square lattice, porosity of unit cell in the top silver layer, and the film thickness of the middle layer. The presented study on the physical mechanism of the multiband absorption is believed to be beneficial for designing new‐generation absorbers for suitable novel applications.
The Effects of Fe and Si Elements on Structural, Mechanical, and Electronic Properties of an Fe–Si–Ti System by First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Hong Dan , Zeng Wei , Su Yi-Yu , Liu Fu-Sheng , Tang Bin , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: November 2019

Herein, first‐principles calculations with density functional theory are used to investigate the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Fe–Si–Ti alloys, aiming to study the effects of Si and Fe in titanium alloys. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with previous data. Alloying with Si/Fe can produce more brittle/ductile materials, due to the weaker/stronger metallic bonds. Furthermore, the effect of alloying with Si and Fe on the anisotropic properties is negligible. The increasing range of Debye temperatures by alloying with Si is greater than that by alloying with Fe. The capacity of Si to enhance the interatomic bonding force is greater than that of Fe due to the stronger covalent bonds. Similarly, the charge density reflects that the capacity of Si to enhance the interatomic bonding force is better than that of Fe for titanium alloys. In addition, the metallic conductivity of these alloys is verified, with there being no gaps at the Fermi level. The localization of electrons in the SiTi alloy is observed to be relatively strong around the Fermi level. In addition, the amplitude of the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band is smooth, showing great effective mass.
Herbal medicines to the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: advantages of the multi‐targets action
Authors: Amparo Tatiane Roquete , Seibert Janaína Brandão , Vieira Paula Melo de Abreu , Teixeira Luiz Fernando Medeiros , Santos Orlando David Henrique dos , de Souza Gustavo Henrique Bianco
Published: November 2019

The research for new treatments of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is important due to their high prevalence and number of hospitalizations. The purpose of this review is to address the pathophysiology of SSTIs to highlight the advantages of herbal medicines to their treatment, showing examples of species and compounds with multi‐targets action. SSTIs have a complex physiopathology involving the microorganism, as well as inflammation and difficult healing. Therefore, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and healing activities are an approach possible for their treatment. Herbal medicines have a wide diversity of biological compounds, mainly phenolic compounds that may act on different targets and also have synergism between them. Therefore, a single medicine may have the four key activities that allied allow eliminating the infection, control the inflammation process and accelerating the healing process, preventing complications with chronic infections.
A novel caged Cookson‐type reagent toward a practical vitamin D derivatization method for mass spectrometric analyses
Authors: Seki Masahiko , Sato Makoto , Takiwaki Masaki , Takahashi Koji , Kikutani Yoshikuni , Satoh Mamoru , Nomura Fumio , Kuroda Yutaka , Fukuzawa Seketsu
Published: November 2019

Rationale

25‐Hydroxylated vitamin D is the best marker for vitamin D (VD). Due to its low ionization efficiency, a Cookson‐type reagent, 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD), is used to improve the detection/quantification of VD metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). However, the high reactivity of TAD makes its solution stability low and inconvenient for practical use. We here describe the development of a novel caged Cookson‐type reagent, and we assess its performances in the quantitative and differential detection of four VD metabolites in serum using LC/MS/MS.

Methods

Caged 4‐(4′‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (DAPTAD) analogues were prepared from 4‐(4′‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione. Their stability and reactivity were examined. The optimized caged DAPTAD (14‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐9‐phenyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐[1,2]epitriazoloanthracene‐13,15‐dione, DAP‐PA) was used for LC/MS/MS analyses of VD metabolites.

Results

The solution stability of DAP‐PA in ethyl acetate dramatically improved compared with that of the non‐caged one. We measured the thermal retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction enabling the release of DAPTAD and found that the derivatization reaction was temperature‐dependent. We also determined the detection limit and the lower limit of quantifications for four VD metabolites with DAPTAD derivatization.

Conclusions

DAP‐PA was stable enough for mid‐ to long‐term storage in solution. This advantage shall contribute to the detection and quantification of VD in clinical laboratories, and as such to the broader use of clinical mass spectrometry.
Relapsing polychondritis with large airway involvement
Authors: Yu Christiaan , Joosten Simon A.
Published: November 2019

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by episodic and progressive cartilaginous inflammation. Its clinical presentation is vastly divergent and can affect various organs. We report the uncommon case of large airway involvement in a patient presenting with shortness of breath on the background of diagnosed relapsing polychondritis. Computed tomography (CT) chest demonstrated thickening of the cartilaginous portions of the trachea and bronchi with sparing of the posterior membranes, consistent with tracheobronchomalacia and repeated cartilaginous destruction. High doses of systemic glucocorticoids, accompanied by continuous positive airway pressure, were required for treatment. We highlight the importance of identifying the extent of airways affected and definitive positive airway pressure support for relapsing polychondritis affecting major airways in addition to conventional therapy of immunosuppression.
Navigation strategy for robotic soft endoscope intervention
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wang Chongyang , Peng Lihua , Yang Yunsheng , Liu Hao
Published: November 2019

Background

Current soft endoscope intervention mainly depends on the skills of endoscopists, especially for the orientation of the endoscope within the human tortuous lumen. This dependence causes inefficient and time‐consuming surgery.

Methods

A human‐robot cooperation navigation strategy is proposed to perform the intervention of soft endoscope. The navigation strategy firstly detects the cavity center by processing the image of endoscope, then an auto‐orienting strategy is presented to automatically adjust the endoscope pointing to the detected cavity center.

Results

Human phantom experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the navigation strategy. The results show that the cavity center is accurately extracted with whether the cavity is occluded or not and the auto‐orienting strategy could well point the endoscope around the cavity center.

Conclusion

The proposed human‐robot cooperation navigation strategy releases endoscopists from the time‐consuming operations and improves the safety and automation of intervention procedures.
Formation control of singular multiagent systems with switching topologies
Authors: Liu Xiaofan , Xie Yongfang , Li Fanbiao , Shi Peng , Gui Weihua , Li Wenbo
Published: November 2019

This paper is concerned with the time‐varying formation control problem for singular multiagent systems with switching topologies. First, in order to eliminate the pulse solution of singular systems and extend the formation function set, the distributed formation controller has been formulated based on the output information of the agents. Then, the explicit expression of formation position function is presented based on the impulse free and the equivalent transformation of singular multiagent systems. Next, the sufficient and necessary conditions of the feasibility of the formation function are provided. Moreover, the sufficient conditions of formation control of singular multiagent systems with switching topologies are presented and the algorithm is designed to solve the distributed controller. Finally, the validity of the proposed approaches is verified by numerical simulation in this paper.
Assessing macroinvertebrate community response to restoration of Big Spring Run: Expanded analysis of before‐after‐control‐impact sampling designs
Authors: Smith Robert F. , Neideigh Emily C. , Rittle Alex M. , Wallace John R.
Published: November 2019

Stream restoration projects utilize a variety of approaches to improve conditions for aquatic organisms or enhance ecosystem function. Alterations to abiotic conditions to enhance certain ecosystems services may not lead to concurrent changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community indicative of improved stream health. Big Spring Run was the location of a novel restoration project to recreate an anabranching “wet meadow” habitat typical of precolonization conditions without the primary goal of restoring a macroinvertebrate community characteristic of single‐channel lotic systems. We examined the effect of the restoration on the macroinvertebrate community using a multivariate analysis of assemblage composition, a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) approach, and an assessment of potential aerial migrants. We also examined subsets of the data using a BACI approach that represented restricted sampling designs often employed in stream restoration projects. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in the Spring twice prior to restoration (2010 and 2011) and 3 years after restoration (2012–2014). Adult stream insects were collected in 2014. Analyses of benthic macroinvertebrates and adult insects using the full dataset suggested that restoration had no effect on the macroinvertebrate community due to poor in‐stream conditions likely from sediment deposition following restoration. Dispersal barriers are likely acting as a secondary constraint on recolonization. Analyses using subsets of the data demonstrated that reference site quality and sampling extent can alter conclusions from a BACI approach. We found that a holistic approach using multiple lines of evidence required a nuanced approach to interpreting the data but was also informative for assessing project success. Robust monitoring protocols are likely the best approach for producing convincing results through a single line of evidence. The additional BACI analyses performed for this study, however, allowed the modest sampling regime employed to generate a broad narrative demonstrating that the macroinvertebrate assemblage did not respond to this type of restoration. Thus, we believe the holistic approach we employed can strengthen assessments of stream restoration projects when resources for monitoring are limited.
Translanguaging and Literacies
Authors: García Ofelia , Kleifgen Jo Anne
Published: November 2019

The authors trace the development of the concept of translanguaging, focusing on its relation to literacies. The authors describe its connection to literacy studies, with particular attention to bi/multilingual reading and writing. Then, the authors present the development of translanguaging as a sociolinguistic theory, discuss its formulations, and describe what is unique about translanguaging: its beginnings and grounding in educational practice and attention to the performances of multilinguals. The authors argue that multilingualism and bi/multiliteracies cannot be fully understood as simply the use of separate conventionally named languages or separate modes. Instead, translanguaging in literacies focuses on the actions of multilingual readers and writers, which go beyond traditional understandings of language, literacy, and other concepts, such as bi/multilingualism and bi/multilingual literacy. The authors show how multilinguals do language and literacy and how they do so in school. The authors review case studies that demonstrate how a translanguaging literacies framework is used to deepen multilingual students’ understandings of texts, generate students’ more diverse texts, develop students’ sense ofconfianza(confidence) in performing literacies, and foster critical metalinguistic awareness. The authors end by discussing implications for literacy pedagogy, as well as literacy research, that centers multilingual students.
The effect of first high school science teacher's gender and gender matching on students' science identity in college
Authors: Chen Chen , Sonnert Gerhard , Sadler Philip M.
Published: November 2019

To encourage the formation of science identity among girls, many scholars and practitioners have suggested to assign same‐gender science teachers to students so that the teachers can serve as gender role models. However, direct evidence of any long‐term effect of gender‐matching is scarce. In a nationally representative survey of college students from the United States, we investigated if gender‐matching between students and their first high school science teachers was associated with students' stronger identity in those science subjects in college. In physics, we found no gender‐matching effect. In chemistry, there was a gender‐matching effect only for women students. In biology, there were gender‐matching effects for students of both genders. In addition, we found that students in general had a lower science identity if they reported a negative influence of opposite gender domination (IOGD) on their career choices. However, for female students who were at the negative end of the IOGD scale, female biology teachers raised the level of biology identity to the grand average. Our findings suggested that the gender role model effect was strongest when the gender role models resonated with the overall disciplinary gender representation at the school or societal levels.
Filling positions or forging new pathways? Scholarship incentives, commitment, and retention of STEM teachers in high‐need schools
Authors: Olitsky Stacy , Perfetti Amy , Coughlin Allyson
Published: November 2019

In recent years, there have been programs aimed at increasing the number of science and math teachers in high‐need areas by offering scholarships to candidates in exchange for their agreement to teach in a high‐need school for a period of time. However, there has been concern that recipients might fulfill the terms of their agreement, then leave for other jobs. This qualitative study of four science and math teachers who received Noyce scholarships examines whether commitment is stable or variable over time, and the impact of structural factors and supports on commitment, professional identity, and retention. Results suggest that while some aspects of commitment demonstrate stability, other aspects may change due to factors including the types of professional identities that are prioritized by teachers, and recognition and support of these identities in work settings. In this study, the teachers who emphasized student‐ and pedagogical‐centered identities, rather than subject‐centered identities, were more likely to stay in their positions, provided that these identities were supported through school structures and positive interactions with colleagues, supervisors, and students. Results suggest that scholarship programs may be useful not only for supporting teachers who have already expressed commitment to science and math teaching in high‐need schools, but also for encouraging new commitments.
Stressful life events, hypertensive disorders, and high blood sugar during pregnancy
Authors: Chen Liwei , Shi Lu , Chao Margaret Shin , Tong Xia , Wang Fan
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to examine the association of life events stressors with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) by using the multilevel sample from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) survey. Four multilevel logistic regression models were applied while accounting for the multilevel design of the LAMB study. The following demographic variables were used as covariates: maternal age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational attainment, household income level in the previous year, physical exercise, and prepregnancy body weight status. The scale for total number of stressors was positively associated with GDM in Model 1, but the association did not reach the significance threshold of 0.05. In Model 2 where four specific domains of stressors (financial, traumatic, spousal, and emotional stressors) were used as the key exposure variables, the number of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of GDM. The scale for total number of stressors was associated with HDP in Model 3. Experience of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of HDP in Model 4. In conclusion, exposure to higher number of financial stressors was associated with an elevated risk of GDM and HDP.