bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Debridement of Scleral Abscesses With Concomitant Resolution of the Complicating Exudative Retinal Detachment
Authors: Tseng Sung-Huei
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The author reports a case of severe infectious scleritis complicated by scleral abscesses and exudative retinal detachment. A 68-year-old woman with a history of pterygium excision in the left eye 13 years previously presented with pseudomonal scleritis. Despite aggressive therapy for the scleritis, the patient had complications of multifocal scleral abscesses and exudative retinal detachment. Following surgical debridement of scleral abscesses on three separate occasions and vigorous irrigation of the exposed scleral bed with antibiotics, the pathogen was eventually eradicated with subretinal fluid absorbed and the retina reattached. The patient's visual acuity reached 20/40 and she remained symptom free for 1 year after cessation of all treatments. Exudative retinal detachment, although rare, may occur in patients with severe anterior infectious scleritis. Early surgical debridement should be considered as a therapeutic option in treating deep, occult foci of scleral abscesses when antibiotic treatment alone is ineffective. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:939-942.]
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to the Eyelid
Authors: Hartstein Morris E , Biesman Brian , Kincaid Marilyn C
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid, orbit, or vitreous is rare. Metastatic lesions to the eyelid are rare as well. The authors report a case of malignant melanoma metastatic to the eyelid. This was the first sign of tumor recurrence in a patient who was thought to have been successfully treated for a melanoma of the back 3 years previously. The patient died 6 weeks after diagnosis of the eyelid lesion. In the presence of known malignancy, metastasis must be suspected in new eyelid lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:993-995.]

Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid and orbit has been well documented.1-4 Primary melanoma of the eyelid has also been reported.5 Metastasis to the eyelid is a rare phenomenon, accounting for less than 1% of all eyelid malignancies.6 We report a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eyelid.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Simultaneous and Sequential Bilateral Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: Vetrugno Michele , Maino Anna , Cardia Luigi
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral photorefractuve keratectomy (PRK).

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 52 patients (104 eyes) with myopia less than -6 diopters entered in this prospective trial and randomized to simultaneous or sequential bilateral PRK. Main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D of attempted outcome, present pain intensity (PPI) and total pain rating index (PRI(R)T) scores resulting from McGill the Pain Questionnaire, subjective symptoms, haze, and patient satisfaction. Follow-up extended to 14 months.

* RESULTS: There was no significant difference in UCVA (P=0.996) and percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D of attempted correction (P=0.932). Present pain intensity and PRI(R)T scores were significantly higher in the sequential group (P=0.037; P=0.034). The percentage of satisfied patients after bilateral PRK was significantly higher in the simultaneous group (P=0.036).

* CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral PRK was safe and effective, without any significant difference from sequential treatment.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:400-410]
The Levels of Cytokines and Nitric Oxide in Rabbit Vitreous Humor after Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Er Hamdi , Doganay Selim , Turkoz Yusuf , Cekmen Mustafa , Daglioglu Mutlu C , Gunduz Abuzer , Evereklioglu Cem , Isci Nuran
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on vitreous humor following retinal laser photocoagulation.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals (8 eyes) each. Twelve pigmented rabbit eyes underwent modified grid pattern photocoagulation with a power of 240 mW (group I); 300 mW (group II); and 360 mW (group III). The eyes received 200 burns using a spot size of 200 µ, and duration of 0.2 s. Vitreous humor samples were collected from each eye preoperatively and at 24 and 72 hours after the laser.

* RESULTS: When compared to preoperative levels, IL-6 levels were increased in all groups; IL-1β levels were increased significantly only in group III. IL-8 levels were high in groups II and III only at 72 hours (P <0.05). TNFα levels were elevated significantly in group II and III only at 24 hours (P <0.05). NO levels were significantly higher than preoperative values in all groups at all times.

* CONCLUSION: Our results support that especially IL-6, IL-8, and NO levels increase significantly following laser photocogulation. This preliminary study suggests that IL-6, IL-8, and NO might be dominant contributing factors in the occurrence of the inflammation postoperatively.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:479-483]
Anterior Stromal Puncture for Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Tsai Tseng-Chiang , Su Chuan-Yi , Lin Chang-Ping
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of anterior stromal punctures on the symptomatic relief of patients with bullous keratopathy considered ineligible for penetrating keratoplasty.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five eyes of five patients with bullous keratopathy who had intolerable pain, tearing, and photophobia and were ineligible for penetrating keratoplasty were enrolled. Under slitlamp magnification, anterior stromal punctures were applied directly at the bullae with a 24-gauge needle. Supplementary anterior stromal punctures were applied for recurrent bullae, if any, during the follow-up. The condition of the cornea was recorded by taking photographs. Pain and discomfort were subjectively evaluated.

* RESULTS: A significant reduction in pain and tearing was achieved. Epithelial and subepithelial fibrosis with scarred small bullae formation was observed during the follow-up.

* CONCLUSIONS: The anterior stromal puncture is an effective and low-cost method to relieve troublesome symptoms in patients with bullous keratopathy who are not eligible for corneal grafts.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:371-374.]
The Use of Topical Ketorolac 0.5% for Pain Relief Following Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Birt Catherine M
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser cycloablation is frequently used for glaucoma palliation. Although usually successful, the procedure is often accompanied by pain. The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to study topical ketorolac for the amelioration of pain following cycloablation.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients requiring a cyclodestructive procedure were randomized into two groups. Each group received a standardized cycloablative laser procedure and routine postoperative drops. Patients were randomized to receive additional topical ketorolac or not. Patients indicated by a mark on a standardized 100-mm line their subjective experience of pain.

* RESULTS: There were no differences between the patient groups regarding preoperative demographic factors. There was a significant difference between the groups in the average and daily pain rating, with the ketorolac therapy group reporting significandy less pain.

* CONCLUSION: The addition of topical ketorolac significantly lessened the pain reported by patients following a cyclodestructive laser procedure.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:381-385.]
Bilateral Giant Macular Hole in a Patient With Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Özdek Sengül C , Pehlivanli Zeynep , Sari Ayça , Hasanreisoglu Berati
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 32-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic hypertension, chronic renal failure, and hearing deficit presented with bilateral giant macular holes. Possible mechanisms that cause giant macular holes and the relationship between renal failure and giant macular hole formation are discussed.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:480-482.]
A Novel Approach for Freeze-Frame Video Determination of Volumetric Blood Flow in the Rat Retina
Authors: Khoobehi Bahram , Peyman Gholam A , Carnahan Leslie G , Hayes Randolph L
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to quantify retinal hemodynamics using the freeze-frame technique for determining volumetric retinal blood flow.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leukocytes and erythrocytes were removed from the circulation of rats, stained with fluorescent dyes, returned to the animals' circulation, and excited to fluorescence using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The retinal circulation was videotaped and viewed frame-byframe to count the total number of visible stained cells passing through the field of view during a known period of time while excluding repeated appearances of cells in multiple frames. The total number of cells visualized, in conjunction with cell density data collected in a coincident in vitro study, was used to calculate in vivo volumetric blood flow for both ceil types.

* RESULTS: Measurements of volumetric blood flow based on fluorescent leukocytes (34.2 ± 5.9 nL/sec [mean ± standard deviation]; n = 30 rats) and fluorescent erythrocytes (35.1 ±6.1 nL/sec; n = 30 rats) were not significantly different, indicating that the freeze-frame technique provides a blood flow measurement independent of cell type. Repeated blood flow measurements obtained from an individual rat over time showed little difference (P < .0001), demonstrating the reproducibility of the technique.

* CONCLUSIONS: The freeze-frame technique offers a promising method for calculating volumetric blood flow independent of individual cell velocity, size, or type.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:505514]
Microcoaxial Torsional Cataract Surgery 1.8 mm Versus 2.2 mm: Functional and Morphological Assessment
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Toto Lisa , Vecchiarino Luca , Di Nicola Marta , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:

To compare functional and morphological outcomes of 1.8-mm versus 2.2-mm microincision coaxial cataract surgery (MCCS).

Patients and Methods:

Thirty eyes of 30 patients that underwent MCCS were randomized to two groups: 1.8-mm MCCS (group 1: 15 eyes) and 2.2-mm MCCS (group 2: 15 eyes).

Results:

There were no significant between-group differences in uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, keratometric astigmatism, and endothelial cell count. One day postoperatively, a greater increase of corneal thickness at the incision site was observed in group 1 compared to group 2 using anterior segment optical coherence tomography with no significant differences in tunnel morphometric features and confocal microscopy showed more tunnel edema in group 1 versus group 2 that resolved in both groups.

Conclusion:

Both 1.8- and 2.2-mm torsional MCCS were safe and efficient with easy surgical maneuvers and excellent functional and morphological results; 1.8-mm MCCS induced slightly greater tunnel edema shortly after surgery that resolved in the medium term.
Convergence rates for the homogenization of the Poisson problem in randomly perforated domains
Authors: Giunti Arianna
Published: April 2021

In this paper we provide converge rates for the homogenization of the Poisson problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a randomly perforated domain of \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^d $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ d \geqslant 3 $\end{document}. We assume that the holes that perforate the domain are spherical and are generated by a rescaled marked point process \begin{document}$ (\Phi, \mathcal{R}) $\end{document}. The point process \begin{document}$ \Phi $\end{document} generating the centres of the holes is either a Poisson point process or the lattice \begin{document}$ \mathbb{Z}^d $\end{document}; the marks \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R} $\end{document} generating the radii are unbounded i.i.d random variables having finite \begin{document}$ (d-2+\beta) $\end{document}-moment, for \begin{document}$ \beta > 0 $\end{document}. We study the rate of convergence to the homogenized solution in terms of the parameter \begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}. We stress that, for low values of \begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}, the balls generating the holes may overlap with overwhelming probability.
Directores, Dictadores y Protectores. Las formas de la política revolucionaria en el Cono Sur, 1810-1824
Authors: Ossa Juan Luis , Rabinovich Alejandro M.
Published: April 2021

A lo largo del proceso revolucionario en Sudamérica, los gobernantes comenzaron a renunciar a los cuerpos colegiados en los que habían creído en un principio, para ir poniendo su confianza en formas de gobierno cada vez más concentradas. Así fueron apareciendo los directorios supremos, los protectorados e incluso las dictaduras. La hipótesis de este artículo propone que el gobierno colegiado fue una solución extraordinaria para poner freno a las disputas facciosas generadas por el juntismo del año diez. Tan extraordinaria que rápidamente fue reemplazada por figuras que, aunque no obedecían al nombre de reyes, ejercían un tipo de poder unipersonal similar. La explicación para esto hay que buscarla en las repercusiones de la guerra civil entre los ejércitos revolucionarios y las fuerzas fidelistas del virrey del Perú, José Fernando de Abascal, así como entre los distintos grupos que se disputaban la supremacía de la revolución. Fue el esfuerzo bélico, en efecto, el que inclinó la balanza política en favor de los militares, permitiendo a su vez que el poder se reuniera en unas pocas manos. Se argumenta que en el Cono Sur este proceso fue liderado por la Logia Lautaro, la facción que, bajo la influencia de José de San Martín, gobernó sucesivamente en las principales ciudades del Río de la Plata, Chile y Lima.
Veracruz: monarquía, imperio o república
Authors: Ortiz Escamilla Juan
Published: April 2021

Este es un estudio de las propuestas y ensayos de gobierno para México entre 1820 y 1824. Con el restablecimiento de la Constitución de Cádiz, la monarquía absoluta se convirtió en una de tipo constitucional. Una vez que México se independizó con el Plan conservador de Iguala, la nueva nación quedaba subordinada a la monarquía española. La totalidad del proyecto colapsó debido a una división entre sus seguidores, lo que eliminó el llamado imperio mexicano que dio paso al inicio de la primera república federal mexicana.
El acto soberano de constituirse. La creación del estado de Zacatecas, 1823-1825
Authors: Terán Mariana
Published: April 2021

El propósito del artículo es explicar la creación de una entidad federativa en México en su primer ejercicio constituyente (1823-1825), tomando como antecedente inmediato la diputación provincial, institución creada por las Cortes Generales. Se revisará el grupo de los diputados constituyentes, sus principales referentes doctrinales, sus discusiones más importantes y la legislación secundaria para organizar la nueva entidad libre, federada y republicana.
La céramique domestique en Alsace de la fin du Bronze final au début de la Tène : essai de synthèse
Authors: Koenig Marie-Pierre , Adam Anne-Marie
Published: April 2021

En conclusion du recueil d’articles proposés dans ce volume, on s’efforce de présenter une première synthèse sur les tendances évolutives de la céramique d’habitat en Alsace, entre le Bronze final IIIb et La Tène A, en résumant les caractéristiques propres de chaque phase. On peut considérer que, dès à présent, l’étude des ensembles alsaciens permet d’apporter une contribution sur plusieurs points, tels que le passage du BF III au Ha C, la distinction, parfois difficile, des faciès Ha C et Ha D1, ou la transition Hallstatt/La Tène.
Test Data Generation and Selection Using Levy Flight-Based Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Pandey Abhishek , Banerjee Soumya
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the application of an improved version of the firefly algorithm for the test suite optimization problem. Software test optimization refers to optimizing test data generation and selection for structural testing criteria for white box testing. This will subsequently reduce the two most costly activities performed during testing: time and cost. Recently, various search-based approaches proved very interesting results for the software test optimization problem. Also, due to no free lunch theorem, scientists are continuously searching for more efficient and convergent methods for the optimization problem. In this paper, firefly algorithm is modified in a way that local search ability is improved. Levy flights are incorporated into the firefly algorithm. This modified algorithm is applied to the software test optimization problem. This is the first application of Levy-based firefly algorithm for software test optimization. Results are shown and compared with some existing metaheuristic approaches.
Identifying Range-of-Motion Deficits and Talocrural Joint Laxity After an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Wisthoff Bethany A. , Docherty Carrie L. , Glutting Joseph , Gustavsen Geoff , Royer Todd D. , Swanik Charles “Buz” , Kaminski Thomas W.
Published: April 2021

Context

Approximately 72% of patients with an ankle sprain report residual symptoms 6 to 18 months later. Although 44% of patients return to activity in less than 24 hours after experiencing a sprain, residual symptoms should be evaluated in the long term to determine if deficits exist. These residual symptoms may be due to the quality of ligament tissue and motion after injury.

Objective

To compare mechanical laxity of the talocrural joint and dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) over time (24 to 72 hours, 2 to 4 weeks, and 6 months) after an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 108 volunteers were recruited. Fifty-five participants had an acute LAS and 53 participants were control individuals without a history of LAS.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Mechanical laxity (talofibular interval and anterior talofibular ligament length) was measured in inversion (INV) and via the anterior drawer test. The weight-bearing lunge test was conducted and DFROM was measured. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, independent-samples t tests, and 1-way analysis of variance.

Results

Of the 55 LASs, 21 (38%) were grade I, 27 (49%) were grade II, and 7 (13%) were grade III. Increases were noted in DFROM over time, between 24 and 72 hours, at 2 to 4 weeks, and at 6 months (P < .05). The DFROM was less in participants with grade III than grade I LASs (P = .004) at 24 to 72 hours; INV length was greater at 24 to 72 hours than at 2 to 4 weeks (P = .023) and at 6 months (P = .035) than at 24 to 72 hours. The anterior drawer length (P = .001) and INV talofibular interval (P = .004) were greater in the LAS group than in the control group at 6 months.

Conclusions

Differences in range of motion and laxity were evident among grades at various time points and may indicate different clinical responses after an LAS.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Inguinal masses in pregnancy
Authors: Allorsey Gilbertson
Published: April 2021

Round ligament varicosities (RLVs) are noted to present diagnostic difficulties for clinicians and are often mistaken to be inguinal hernias. Very few of such cases have been reported globally. To the best of my knowledge, no case on RLV has been reported in Ghana and as such, this case study is likely to be the first reported case in Ghana. A 27-year-old pregnant woman reported to the hospital with complains of bilateral inguinal swelling accompanied with intermittent excruciating pain. The swellings are visible with the woman in the standing position but disappear with the woman lying supine. The swellings are however prominent in the supine position on Valsalva maneuver. The woman was diagnosed with bilateral inguinal hernia and was scheduled for possible surgery after delivery. Dilatation of the vasculature of the round ligament presents as a bulging mass within the inguinal canal, mimicking inguinal hernias when examined physically. The distinction between the two, thus, the RLV and inguinal hernia is established with ultrasound scan examination. Diagnosing RLVs require the use of a color/power Doppler ultrasound machine and also well-trained clinical personnel with sonographic expertise. Ultrasound scan has been recognized to diagnose RLV effectively and to produce a clear-cut distinction from inguinal hernia. Accurate diagnosis of RLV is also essential to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions since the condition is noted to mostly resolve by itself after delivery.
Kartagener's syndrome in a young female
Authors: Lawal Yusuf , Suwaid Muhammed Abba , Yahuza Mansur Adamu , Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat Oluseyi
Published: April 2021

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a subset of a larger group of ciliary motility disorders called primary ciliary dyskinesia. It is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by inefficient or absent mucociliary clearance. It is a very rare congenital malformation comprising a classical triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis. A 22-year-old single female Nigerian came to our health facility with complaints of recurrent productive, non-foul-smelling cough, nasal discharge, and occasional shortness of breath since early childhood. She had a positive history of recurrent hospital visitations and chronic use of antibiotics but with few hospitalizations for recurrent chest infection. Chest examination revealed a maximally audible apex beat on the right side of her chest. Chest radiograph showed dextrocardia, while a chest computer tomography scan revealed cystic and varicose bronchiectatic changes with peribronchial thickening and multiple tiny interstitial nodules, mainly in the bilateral middle and lower lung fields. The patient had a fair response on inhaled steroids, nasal steroid spray, antibiotics, mucolytics, and bronchodilators. She is on follow-up clinic visits and close monitoring for potential complications. Patients with KS exist in resource-poor settings like northern Nigeria, largely being managed as cases of chronic sinusitis, pneumonia, or asthma. Although there is no rapid, reliable, non-invasive diagnostic test for KS, accurate diagnosis is crucial if the risks of complications from advanced disease and reduced quality of life are to be averted.
Hemothorax or not
Authors: Dahiya Rajat , Nirav Thaker , Sunila Jaggi , Inder Talwar
Published: April 2021

Extrapleural hematoma is a collection located between the chest wall and the parietal pleura and is usually associated with rib fractures. Computed tomography is an excellent modality to diagnose extrapleural hematoma and rib fractures as well as differentiate it from a pleural collection. Extrapleural hematoma needs to be differentiated from a hemothorax for appropriate management. We hereby report a case of a large extrapleural hematoma and associated pleural effusion following trauma being managed as a hemothorax based only on chest radiograph appearance.
Clinical Characterization of Nursing Facility Residents With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Davidson H. Edward , Radlowski Peter , Han Lisa , Shireman Theresa I. , Dembek Carole , Niu Xiaoli , Gravenstein Stefan
Published: April 2021

Objective and Design To describe clinical characteristics, medication use, and low peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) (< 60 L/min) prevalence in nursing facility residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and Setting Residents
60 years of age and older with a COPD diagnosis and ≥ 6 months’ nursing facility residence, were enrolled between December 2017 and February 2019 from 26 geographically varied United States nursing facilities. Outcome Measures Data, extracted from residents’
charts, included demographic/clinical characteristics, COPD-related medications, exacerbations and hospitalizations within the past 6 months, and functional status from the most recent Minimum Data Set. At enrollment, residents completed the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea
Scale and COPD Assessment Test (CAT™). Spirometry and PIFR were also assessed. Results Residents’ (N = 179) mean age was 78.0 ± 10.6 years, 63.7% were female, and 57.0% had low PIFR. Most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (79.9%), depression (49.2%),
and heart failure (41.9%). The average forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted was 45.9% ± 20.9%. On the CAT, 78.2% scored ≥ 10 and on the mMRC Dyspnea Scale, 74.1% scored ≥ 2, indicating most residents had high COPD symptom burden. Only 49.2% were receiving
a scheduled long-acting bronchodilator (LABD). Among those with low PIFR prescribed a LABD, > 80% used dry powder inhalers for medication delivery. Conclusion This study highlights underutilization of scheduled LABD therapy in nursing facility residents with COPD. Low
PIFR was prevalent in residents while the majority used suboptimal medication delivery devices. The findings highlight opportunities for improving management and outcomes for nursing facility residents with COPD.
On certain Tannakian categories of integrable connections over Kähler manifolds
Authors: Biswas Indranil , dos Santos João Pedro , Dumitrescu Sorin , Heller Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Given a compact Kähler manifold X, it is shown that pairs of the form
$(E,\, D)$
, where E is a trivial holomorphic vector bundle on X, and D is an integrable holomorphic connection on E, produce a neutral Tannakian category. The corresponding pro-algebraic affine group scheme is studied. In particular, it is shown that this pro-algebraic affine group scheme for a compact Riemann surface determines uniquely the isomorphism class of the Riemann surface.
Effect of fertilizer levels and plant spacing on the performance of Mucuna prureins (velvet bean) in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Bature M.S. , Hassan A.H. , Jantar H.J. , Shu’aibu A.S.
Published: April 2021

Fertilizer recommendation for crop and plant spacing is dynamic process in view of the generation of new knowledge with management practices. Information such as (phosphorus levels and plant spacing) on maintaining adequate soil fertility is very much important for producing better forages for livestock. Leguminous crop such as Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) can alleviate some of these problems. Field experiment was conducted to access the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application level at 0, 80 and 120kg/ha and plant spacing interval of 30, 60 and 90cm of Velvet bean. Application of 80kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer significantly influenced the performance of Mucuna plant such as plant height, number of branches and forage yield. Plant spacing interval of 30cm resulted in better stand count, taller plant, higher number of branches and forage yield per plant. Famers in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria can adopt the application of phosphorus fertilizer at 80kg/ha and using narrower spacing (25cm by 30cm) for better yield of Mucana, thereby increasing farm output and animal performance.Keywords: phosphorus level, plant spacing, Mucuna pruriens, Velvet bean
Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women attending Bamalli Nuhu Maternity Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Yola A.I. , Tukur Z , Dantata A.A.
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria parasites in pregnant women attending Bamalli Nuhu Maternity Specialist Hospital Kano. A total of 250 blood samples of pregnant women were tested using field stain method and the parasites were identified using the standard identification keys. Out of which, 180 (72%) were found to be malaria parasite positive. The result of the present study revealed that Plasmodium falciparum had the highest rate of infection with about 68.8% while Plasmodium ovale was found to have an infection rate of 3.2%. The result revealed a highly significant difference within the means levels between the observed species (P. falciparum and P. ovale) (00000.1904***). Based on parity 94 (78.33%) Primigravidae, 61 (72.62%) Secundigravidae and 25 (54.35%) Multigravidae were infected respectively. The result of the findings also reveals that there is a significant difference within the levels of pregnant women Parity (0.01719*). It was concluded that more than half of the pregnant women were infected with malaria infection and P. falciparum was the predominant species then P. ovale. The findings of the study further proved that Primigravidae and Secundigravidae are more susceptible to malaria infection. More effort should be made in order to control malaria infection by providing better clinical management of the disease that includes curative and preventing measures.  Keywords: Prevalence, Parity, Plasmodium, Pregnant Women, Infection rate
Comparative efficacy of Jatropha curcas L. leaf powder for the control of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on stored bambara nut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt
Authors: Dattijo S.A. , Ahmed B.I. , Adebitan S.A. , Gurama U.A. , Yusuf S.R.
Published: April 2021

The research was conducted in the year 2016 at the Entomology laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University Kano to assess the biocidal and damage reduction effect of leaf powder from physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. caused by Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on stored bambara nut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. Also, the study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the plant product with conventional chemical insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl). Factorial experiment of 4×2 levels (leaf powder at the rates of 0, 0.5. 1.0 and 1.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic chemical at 0.01 g/20 g bambara nut seed) were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design and repeated three times. Results showed that, admixture of 0.5g leaf powder proved effective in causing high biocidal effect and reduced seed damage. However, this was statistically same with seeds treated with 1.0g leaf powder. Comparatively, all treatments were statistically different from the untreated control seeds but similar with the check treatment. Highly significant (p<0.001) persistent effect was observed in seeds treated with 1.5g leaf powder mixed with 0.5g seed powder at 60 days after treatment (DAT) without any negative effect on seed viability. This was also statistically similar in all other treatments apart from the untreated control. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambara nut seeds was achieved using leaf and seed powder of J. curcas applied at different mixture rates and singly. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. subinnotatus infesting bambara nut, farmers could use 1.5 g leaf powder or 1.0 g seed powder per 20 g bambara nut seeds singly each. Alternatively, 0.5:1.0, 1.0:1.0 or 1.5:0.5 leaf/seed combinations could be used for safe bambara nut storage.Keywords: Biocidal, Callosobruchus subinnotatus, bambara nut, Jatropha, damage, insecticide
Biosorption of iron by heavy-metal tolerant Micrococcus sp.
Authors: Muhammad Ladifa H. , Ibrahim Muhammad B.
Published: April 2021

The presence of metal ions in aqueous solutions represents, nowadays a major environmental problem. The present study investigates the potential adsorption capacity of Micrococcus sp. for the removal of iron (III) ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using FTIR analysis, in order to reveal the presence of functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as pH, contact time, initial iron concentration, temperature and adsorbent dosage on removal capacity. The optimum removal of iron (III) ions was obtained at pH 6 with 94.2%, adsorbent dose of 0.5g with 92.5% and equilibrium time of 30 min with 88.6%. Kinetic data were successfully described with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and elovich models. The results show that the biosorption process of Fe (III) followed pseudo second order with R2= 0.999. The equilibrium data was further tested using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm (R2= 0.978).Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆Go, ∆Ho and ∆So were evaluated and it has been found that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature.Keywords: Bacteria, Biosorption, Iron, Isotherm, Kinetic
Glycated haemoglobin (HBA1C): an update on available methods
Authors: Ezegbogu M.O. , Abdulsalam K
Published: April 2021

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) assays give a retrospective index of the integrated plasma glucose over an extended period, usually 90-120 days. This period is, however dependent on the average red cell lifespan of the individual. Since its discovery in the 20th century, improvement in the analytical techniques for HbA1c have facilitated its wide acceptance as a useful tool in monitoring glucose control, and more recently, has been recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This review provides an update on the methods available for estimating HbA1c levels in the light of their suitability, advantages, and drawbacks.Keywords: Analytical Methods, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
Synthesis and characterisation of some mixed ligands adducts of benzoylacetone and salicylaldehyde
Authors: Mustapha Abdullahi , Salga Muhammad Saleh , Sabo Sani
Published: April 2021

A series of four mixed ligand complexes were synthesized by reacting benzoylacetone and salicylaldehyde with different metal chlorides in ethanolic medium. The complexes have been characterized by molar conductance measurements and spectral techniques such as IR and Uv-visible electronic spectra. Decomposition temperature was also determined. The results indicated that the compounds have bands at 400-500cm-1, with very sharp melting points. This proved the formation of metal-oxygen bond, purity and high thermal stability of the compounds that could lead to a high antimicrobial activity.Keywords: Adduct Synthesis, Ligands, and Complexes
Retracted: Screening of some algal species for adsorption of iron, copper and mercury from untreated textile effluent in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Ado G , Sani L.A.
Published: April 2021

The Editorial Board of BAJOPAS have noticed that a paper erroneously appeared twice in the volume 11(1) June, 2018 edition of the Journal. The paper appeared on pages 52 – 56 and 197 – 201. The Journal regrets this and has therefore RETRACTED the paper on page 197 – 201 henceforth. This human error will as much as possible be avoided in the future.Editor – in – ChiefThe research was carried out to screen endogenous species of algae for the adsorption of heavy metals from untreated effluents of Africa Textile Manufacturer (ATM) in Kano between July 2014- June, 2015. Primary field investigation and laboratory analysis were the main sources of data in the study. The study areas were divided into three strata within which samples were collected using stratified sampling techniques from a depth of 0-30cm.The study assessed the adsorption capacity of heavy metals namely: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Mercury (Hg) by some algal species using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer (AAS). Indigenous algal species identified and isolated were Anabaena planctonica, Microcystis aeruginosa and Spirulina major using microscopy and standard phycological chart as described by Komerak and Anagnostidis, (1989). Bioremediation Bioassay was conducted to assess the adsorption capacity of the isolated organisms. The results showed that, tested organisms reduced the concentration level of heavy metals in the effluents to the standard limit proposed by FEPA (1997), WHO (1999) and (ICLARM, 1997). Spirulina major was found to sequester more Cu (22.80%) followed by Microcystis aeruginosa (21.34%). Higher concentration of Fe (5.77%) and Hg (5.15%) were removed by Microcystis aeruginosa. These findings indicated that all the tested organisms possessed great potential in removing heavy metals from untreated textile effluents. These findings also showed that adsorption of heavy metals by the tested organisms increased with time from 3-9 weeks of inoculation and adsorption was significantly higher at 9 weeks after inoculation.Keywords: Algal Species, ATM, Effluent and Heavy metals
Physicochemical and microbial assessment of sewage from Ogwa and Ebelle Communities of Esan Land, Edo State
Authors: Enerijiofi K.E. , Fakeye O.D. , Oziegbe O.S.
Published: April 2021

No Abstract
Bayesian approach to estimation of scale parameter of Frechet distribution
Authors: Dikko Hussaini G. , Isaac Matthew E.
Published: April 2021

No Abstract
A proximate, mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors of the aerial parts of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet
Authors: Sulaiman Abdullahi , Lawal Muhammad Abubakar
Published: April 2021

This study evaluates the nutritional and anti-nutritional potentials of the aerial part of Lablab purpureus as it relates to its use in Animal nutrition. The preliminary phytochemical test of the plant revealed the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites; glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, carbohydrates and terpenoids in the crude extract. Results from the study revealed significant mineral composition in Lablab purpureus. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) technique was employed in the elemental analysis. Substantial amounts of Ca, Na, K and Mg were found, while Cu, Fe, P, Mn and Zn were present in trace amounts. Proximate analysis revealed the ash and fat contents to be 5.6 % and 4.2 % respectively. The protein level, total Carbohydrate and Fibre contents were determined to be 25.4 %, 46.93 % and 7.5 % respectively. The presence of anti-nutritional secondary metabolites; tannins, saponins, oxalates, phytates, cyanogenic glycosides and free phenolics were quantitatively determined to be 0.50 %, 3.8 %, 0.70 %, 2.2 %, 1.2 % and 2.1 % respectively. The results of the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors and mineral composition of the aerial part of Lablab purpureus in this study demonstrates high nutrients content with potentials to meet the nutritional requirements in monogastric diets.Keywords: Anti-nutritional composition, Lablab Purpureus, Mineral composition, Proximate analysis
Isolation and characterisation of active principle from the leaves extract of Fadogia erythrophloea (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Hutch and Dalziel
Authors: Sulaiman Abdullahi , Ndukwe G.I. , Amupitan J.O.
Published: April 2021

Fadogia erythrophloea (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Hutch and Dalziel is a specie from the family of Rubiaceae. The plant materials of Fadogia erythrophloea have been used in Africa in alternative medicine to remedy dysentery, malaria, childhood fever, as antidotes (venomous stings, bites, etc.), emetics, vermifuge, colic and constipation. Therefore, this study was designed to isolate active principle(s) present in the leaves extract of Fadogia erythrophloea and to test for possible in-vitro antimicrobial activity. Isolation works were carried out using various chromatographic techniques on the n-butanol fraction; this yielded a pure compound labelled as ‘F.e’. From the data obtained through spectroscopic techniques using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HMBC and HSQC Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (NMR),the compound ‘F.e’ was identified to be an ipolamiide(an iridoid glycoside). Based on the findings in this research work, it can be concluded that the leaves of the plant Fadogia erythrophloea (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel possess measurable in-vitro antimicrobial activity against many of the microorganisms implicated in the pathogenesis of human infections.Keywords: Fadogia erythrophloea, Rubiaceae, Isolation, spectroscopic techniques, iridoid glycoside, ipolamiide, in-vitro antimicrobial activity
Positive Youth Development in War-Affected Children in Uganda
Authors: McBrien Jody L. , Stewart Jan , Ezati Betty Akullu
Published: April 2021

The war in northern Uganda with Joseph Kony and his Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) created over 20 years of terror and turmoil. Tens of thousands of youth were either abducted as child soldiers and/or sex slaves; or they were placed in internally displaced peoples’ (IDP) camps, where they lived with inadequate social provisions, such as food, health care, education, and safety. Our study used interviews and focus groups to learn about how these youth were coping post-war. In particular, we focused on youth with positive purpose and goals to understand ways in which they were supported to hold fast to positive development and life goals. Findings indicated that rehabilitation, financial support for education, role models, and sports/arts have helped many youth who experienced war in northern Uganda find pro-social purposes in their lives.Keywords: Positive Youth Development; Uganda; War-affected youth; Youth Purpose; Former child soldiers.
Looted and illegally acquired African objects in European museums: issues of restitution and repatriation in Ghana
Authors: Dzidzienyo Gertrude Aba Mansah Eyifa , Nkumbaan Samuel Nilirmi
Published: April 2021

Ghana’s post-independence governments have made a number of requests for the return of looted and illegally acquired Ghanaian cultural objects in the collections of European museums. While the majority of those requests were denied, a few were honoured. This paper assesses three of the demands and the aftermath of their return. It also examines the preparedness of heritage institutions and museums in Ghana inrelation to issues of restitution and repatriation. The paper identifies the numerous challenges confronting the museum and heritage sector in Ghana and concludes by calling on policy makers, traditional authorities, universities and the government of Ghana to deepen public awareness of cultural heritage, invest more in museums and heritage institutions to function well and revisit earlier demands that were denied.
Mature teratoma with aspergilloma
Authors: Bezabih Abebe , Atnafu Asfaw
Published: April 2021

Mediastinal mature teratomas are benign germ cell tumors which rarely involve the lung, but when they involve the lung they can cavitate. Aspergilloma developing in a mature teratoma is extremely rare, and according to our English literature search, there is only one previously reported case. We report a 21-year-old female who presented with cough and foul-smelling sputum. investigations revealed an intrathoracic mass, which intraoperatively and upon subsequent histological exam was found to be a mature mediastinal teratoma involving the lung and associated with an aspergilloma. Reporting our case will add to the understanding of this rare presentation of mediastinal mature teratomas. Keywords: mature teratoma; aspergilloma; surgical treatment
Peritoneoperikardijalna dijafragmatska hernija - prikaz slučaja
Authors: Dodig Tea , Musulin Andrija , Jović Ines , Kostanjšak Tara , Torti Marin
Published: April 2021

Peritoneoperikardijalna dijafragmatska hernija predstavlja urođenu komunikaciju osrčja i trbušne šupljine. Javlja se s prevalencijom od 0,02 do 0,05 %, čineći najčešću prirođenu anomaliju srca i dijafragme u pasa. U članku je opisan prikaz slučaja mužjaka shi tzua starog 12 godina zaprimljenog na Kliniku za kirurgiju, ortopediju i oftalmologiju, Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, u kojeg je dijagnosticirana peritoneoperikardijalna hernija te je učinjena herniorafija. Pacijent je s Klinike otpušten nakon pet dana poslijeoperacijske skrbi, a četiri mjeseca nakon zahvata je stabilno.
Social Innovation
Authors: Mulgan Geoff
Published: April 2021

Geoff Mulgan, a pioneer in the global field of social innovation, explains how it provides answers to today's global social, economic and sustainability issues. He argues for matching R&D in technology and science with a socially focused R&D and harnessing creative imagination on a larger scale than ever before.
KÜRESELLEŞMENİN EKONOMİK COĞRAFYA ALANINA KAVRAMSAL YANSIMALARI
Authors: TUYSUZ Suat
Published: April 2021

Her türlü bilgi, insan, mal ve sermayenin hareketliliğini ifade eden küreselleşme, akışkanlıkla temsil olan bir süreç yaratmıştır. 2001 yılında terör saldırılarıyla başlayan dünya siyasetindeki gergin atmosfer, ABD Başkanı Donad Trump’ın göreve gelmesiyle farklı bir aşamaya geçmiş ve küreselleşme taraftarlarını tedirginliğe sevk edecek gelişmelerin görünürlüğü artmıştır. 2020 ABD seçimlerinde demokratların kazanması ise yeniden küreselleşme taraftarlarını umutlandırmıştır. Söz konusu sürecin akışkan ya da katı bir karakterde olması mekanlar arası ilişkiye bir başka ifadeyle coğrafyalara da etki etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu araştırma, hem küreselleşmeyi ve onun geçirmiş olduğu süreci teorik olarak değerlendirmeyi hem de mekanın bu süreçten nasıl etkilenebileceğini betimlemeyi hedeflemektedir.
ANTECEDENTES DEL RÉGIMEN ECONÓMICO-FINANCIERO DEL AGUA. INCIDENCIA DE LOS MODELOS DE POLÍTICA MEDIOAMBIENTAL EUROPEA EN EL ACTUAL RÉGIMEN ECONÓMICOFINANCIERO DE LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL DOMINIO PÚBLICO HIDRÁULICO Y EL PRINCIPIO DE RECUPERACIÓN DE COSTES
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Parra Ruiz Ginés
Published: April 2021

Analizamos los precedentes históricos legislativos de los tributos estatales recuperadores del coste, desde las primeras leyes de aguas del siglo XIX, hasta una intensiva utilización del recurso en el siglo XX: las obras hidráulicas públicas permitieron aumentar la oferta y atender las demandas hídricas, constituyendo el gran impulso que el país necesitaba para crecer demográfica y económicamente. El Estado invirtió cantidades ingentes de recursos financieros cuya compensación y recuperación generaron las primeras figuras tributarias en este ámbito. Algunas de estas figuras son la génesis de un inicial régimen económico-financiero del agua y una incipiente recuperación de costes que, con una elevada litigiosidad, ha perdurado hasta nuestros días en los que se intenta compaginar la utilización racional del recurso con las pautas del principio de recuperación de costes que traza la Directiva Marco del Agua en un ambiente globalizado y de cambio climático persistente.
MEDIDAS TRIBUTARIAS CONTRA LA OBSOLESCENCIA PROGRAMADA EN EL MARCO DE LA ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR: PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA Y POSIBLES LÍNEAS DE ACTUACIÓN
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Sedeño López José Francisco
Published: April 2021

La obsolescencia programada es uno de los conceptos vinculados a la economía lineal y, por consiguiente, diametralmente opuesta a la economía circular. Sin embargo, la Unión Europea parece decidida a luchar contra este fenómeno, a pesar de lo cual, hasta el momento, casi ningún país lo ha regulado. A la espera de dicha normativa, el Derecho Tributario puede tener un importante papel, desincentivando ciertas conductas perjudiciales para la economía y el medioambiente y fomentando prácticas circulares. En este trabajo analizaremos cuáles son las iniciativas implantadas en el derecho comparado y algunas posibles líneas de actuación en España.
Extração de β -caroteno por cromatografia em coluna em cenouras (daucus carota l.).
Authors: Esteves Paulo Cesar Dantas , Esteves Anete Correa , Barleta Valéria Calmeto Noronha
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os valores de carotenóidestotais e β -caroteno em cenouras (Daucus carota L.). As amostras de cenoura foramsubmetidas à extração éter de petróleo 40-60º a fim de extrairmos os carotenóides.Para a separação de β -caroteno utilizou-se cromatografia em coluna. A quantificaçãodos carotenóides e do -caroteno foi feita espectrofotométricamente a 450 nm. Ovalor encontrado para os carotenóides se situou em torno de 85% dos valores citadosna literatura enquanto os valores encontrados para o β -caroteno se situaram em tornode 48% do valores totais encontrado para os carotenóides.