bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclei Preparation from Frozen Tissue for 10X Multiome using gentleMACS Homogenization and FANS, v1.2 Feb 2024 v1
Authors: not provided ereisner
Published: February 2024

This protocol describes isolation of nuclei from frozen tissue using gentleMACS homogenization and FANS. Nuclei are permeabilized, washed, and counted; single-nucleus suspensions of sufficient concentration and nuclei quality may then be processed using the Chromium Next GEM Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression (CG000338, Rev F) protocol from 10X Genomics.
Nuclei Preparation from Frozen Tissue for 10X Multiome using Dounce Homogenization, Iodixanol Gradient Centrifugation, and FANS (v1.2, Jan 2024) v1
Authors: not provided ereisner
Published: February 2024

This protocol describes isolation of nuclei from frozen tissue using dounce homogenization, iodixanol gradient centrifugation, and FANS. Nuclei are permeabilized, washed, and counted; single-nucleus suspensions of sufficient concentration and nuclei quality may then be processed using the Chromium Next GEM Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression (CG000338, Rev F) protocol from 10X Genomics.
The dynamics of microRNAs level associated with pathological venous angiogenesis in experimental toxic liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Lebedeva Elena I. , Babenka Andrei S. , Shchastniy Anatoly T.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: It is known that miRNAs are important in liver fibrogenesis. However, their use as targets for early diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis is far from use in clinical practice. Angiogenesis and sinusoid capillarization are important histological features of the process. Studies regarding the role of miRNAs in pathological angiogenesis and sinusoid capillarization are insufficient.
AIM: To study the molecular targets (miRNAs and mRNAs) dynamics of associated with pathological angiogenesis in toxic fibrosis of the liver; to evaluate the relationship of the selected molecular factors to the processes of restructuring the intrahepatic vascular system.
METHODS: Fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis of the liver in rats of the Wistar line (males) were induced for 17 weeks by a freshly prepared solution of thioacetamide. The level of miRNA-19а-3р, miRNA-29b-3р, miRNA-29b-1-5p, miRNA-34b-5р, miRNA-125b-5р, miRNA-130a-5p, miRNA-195-5р, miRNA-449а-5р, miRNA-449с-5р, miRNA-466d, miRNA-489-3р, miRNA-495, miRNA-664-3р, miRNA-3085, miRNA-3558-3р in fresh frozen liver samples, was determined by Two-tailed RT-qPCR.
RESULTS: In this study, we found that throughout the experiment, the relative level of microRNAs varied in a wide range of values (10–3–104 rel. units). In most cases, it decreased at the point of transition from fibrosis to cirrhosis, while growth was observed only for microRNA-29b-3p. Statistically significant correlation relationships were established between microRNAs and the number of interlobular veins, interlobular arteries, sinusoids, and the area of connective tissue (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A joint analysis of morphological and molecular-genetic parameters allowed us to suggest that within the framework of the current experimental model of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, the restructuring of the intrahepatic vascular bed and the progression of fibrosis are associated with the dynamics of the level of a number of microRNAs that we studied and Ang mRNA level.
The potential use of N-acetylcysteine in respiratory conditions
Authors: Antonov V. N. , Ignatova G. L. , Belsner M. S.
Published: February 2024

Currently, despite the accumulated experience with the use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in scientific and real clinical practice, there are a number of questions about its potential and the future prospects for its use.

The aim of this work was to summarize new data on the use of NAC in patients with various conditions, based on publications in domestic and foreign medical journals.

Results. The article presents an overview of publications in domestic and foreign medical journals devoted to the use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in pulmonology practice. The experience with the use of NAC in chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, community-acquired pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, postinfectious bronchiectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) is summarized. The aspects of dose-dependent clinical effects and long-term administration of NAC in CB and COPD are analyzed. In addition, there are controversial and contradictory data on the possibility of prescribing NAC for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Conclusion. NAC is a drug with a broad spectrum of action. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, minor side effects compared to other anti-inflammatory drugs even at high doses, and low price, NAC can be prescribed for many respiratory diseases. Although it has been used for more than half a century, interest in both its practical application and clinical research has not waned to this day.
A case of severe pneumonia complicated by sepsis, endocarditis, and prolonged comatose state, with successful rehabilitation
Authors: Pribylova N. N. , Shabanov E. A. , Pribylov S. A. , Leonidova K. O. , Pribylov V. S.
Published: February 2024

Sepsis with acute organ dysfunction is an urgent problem of modern healthcare. A clinical case of a 38-year-old young woman with communityacquired severe viral-bacterial pneumonia complicated by sepsis, endocarditis, and multiple organ failure is presented. On the 68th day of her stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient was brought out of comatose state and transferred to the pulmonology department for rehabilitation.

The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the significance of this clinical case because of the urgent need to increase the effectiveness of treatment and long-term rehabilitation of patients with this severe comorbid pathology.

Conclusion. Early diagnosis is extremely important to select effective treatment. The Quick SOFA (Sepsis-related sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score should be used to identify patients with suspected sepsis outside the ICU. This score is based on simple and accessible clinical characteristics that do not require laboratory analysis of homeostatic parameters. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition to continue rehabilitation in outpatient settings.
Combination therapy with medical gases (nitric oxide and molecular hydrogen): safety assessment
Authors: Pozdnyakova D. D. , Baranova I. A. , Selemir V. D. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: February 2024

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and molecular hydrogen (iH2) are actively studied nowadays. The therapeutic algorithms for their use in the various conditions are being developed, but the combined use of these medical gases (MG) has not been studied well enough.

The aim of the study was to assess the safety of iNO and iH2 combination in healthy volunteers.

Methods. 10 healthy volunteers (4 males and 6 females), mean age 24.0 ± 1.3 years, were included in the open non-comparative prospective study. All volunteers received a single combined inhalation of NO and H2 for 90 minutes. The NO concentration was 60 ppm and the H2 concentration did not exceed 4% in the gas mixture. Changes in the vital signs, arterial blood gases, and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated. The hemodynamic parameters were investigated before and after inhalation using echocardiography (Vivid E9 General Electric, USA). We also assessed the microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva (“OKO” capillaroscope), the main functional lung parameters, and the diffusion lung capacity (GANSHORN PowerCube Body apparatus). The clinical side effects were recorded. After inhalation, the serum concentration of methemoglobin was evaluated.

Results. When comparing the results before and after MG inhalation, there was no negative impact on the vital signs, arterial blood gases (РaO2, РaСO2, SаO2), the functional lung volumes (FEV1, FVC, FEV1 / FVC), the diffusion test parameters, main EchoCG hemodynamic data (ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), mean pulmonary artery pressure, left and right ventricular sizes) (p > 0,05). After inhalation, the microcirculatory parameters (the volume velocity in arterioles and venules and the arteriolar diameter) increased significantly (p < 0.05). We did not observe the increase in serum methemoglobin concentration (0.59 ± 0.11%). No clinical side effects were reported during the study.

Conclusions. Combined use of inhaled NO / H2 is clinically safe, does not have any negative impact on hemodynamic parameters, functional lung volumes, and arterial blood gases. The improvement of the microcirculation was noted after a single inhalation. This new method can be recommended for further studies of the therapeutic effect in various conditions.
Current views on the functional role of hydrogen and its kinetics in the human body
Authors: Medvedev О. S.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this overview was to present historical data on the discovery of hydrogen and a brief summary of its physical properties that form the basis for its use in aeronautics. Information is provided on the use of hydrogen, a biologically neutral molecule, in medicine as a diagnostic indicator for penetrating wounds of the gastrointestinal tract, the determination of local blood flow using the hydrogen clearance method, the use of the hydrogen breath test for the diagnosis of malabsorption and carbohydrate intolerance, achlorhydria, the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth syndrome, the assessment of biodegradation of magnesium-containing implants, the orocecal transit time, and during deep-sea diving. The reasons for the sharp increase in the doctors’ interest in studying the biological role of hydrogen after the discovery of its antioxidant properties by a group of Japanese scientists (2007) are analyzed. In order to increase antioxidant protection of the body, data from recent research on ways to increase its concentration in the body through the supply of exogenous gas by inhalation or by administering hydrogen-rich water or saline solution is presented. Particular attention is paid to a critical analysis of studies on the kinetics of hydrogen by different routes, its concentration in blood and tissues, inhalation, and the use of hydrogen-rich water. Based on an analysis of publications, that the use of molecular hydrogen to relieve oxidative stress in the tissues of the intestines, liver and lungs is most promising, since its highest concentration is found in these tissues. Fermentation of carbohydrates has also been shown to increase the production of hydrogen by the intestinal  microbiota. Considering that a large number of molecular hydrogen generators appeared on the market, the data on the requirements for their safety are summarized. Considerations on the use of molecular hydrogen for the purpose of antioxidant protection of the body in cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, and other areas of medicine are based on modern views on the mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of experimental and clinical research on the use of hydrogen in acute and chronic lung lesions, therapy of acute and chronic COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion. Based on an analysis of the literature and our own data, a conclusion was drawn on the safety and prospects of the clinical use of molecular hydrogen in a wide range of concentrations in many diseases with the pathogenesis based on oxidative stress. In particular, the need for additional research was highlighted to clarify the regimen, frequency, duration and concentrations of hydrogen used, and a personalized approach to the combination of endogenous (from the intestinal microbiota) and exogenous hydrogen in various diseases.
Evaluation of antimicrobial, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol flower extract of Bauhinia acuminata
Authors: Malek Abdul , Mostafa Kawsarul , Rahman Sumaiya , Hossain Sophia
Published: February 2024

Background: To develop the herbal drug with the least side effects, there are superior opportunities to discover the medicinal and other biological properties. Natural products serve as sources of beneficial chemical molecules. For this study, Bauhinia acuminate (Family: Fabaceae) having some pharmacological activities was chosen. The present studies was designed for the antimicrobial, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic flowers extract of Bauhinia acuminata.
Methods: The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was evaluated by Disc-Diffusion Assay Method and the cytotoxic activity was determined by brine shrimp lethality test. The thrombolytic activities of the plant extracts were evaluated by a method using streptokinase as a reference standard.
Results: The extract has mild antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, enteropathegenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio mimicus. The zone of inhibition of the extract was measured comparing with standard Tetracycline. Thrombolytic activity of flowers of Bauhinia acuminata showed mild (14.57%) clot lysis while the standard streptokinase showed (90%). Having moderate cytotoxic activities, the mortality rate of brine shrimp was observed in increasing order with the increasing of concentration of extract. In the present study of the ethanol extract LC50=3.251 µg/ml and LC90=286.57 µg/ml. However, Standard control LC50=0.0036 µg/ml and LC90=0.75 µg/ml were found respectively.
Conclusions: Through the studies, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Bauhinia acuminata could be used in drug formulation or pharmaceutical application. Hence, the plant may further be explored for its various pharmacological activities.
Effect of Murdannia edulis Faden roots on serum prolactin level and mammary glands of lactating female albino rats
Authors: Htoon Kyaw Zwar , Phyu Khin Phyu , San Tin Tin , Kyaing Khin Ohnmar
Published: February 2024

Background: Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden (Myit-Cho in Myanmar) is a herb which has widely been used to induce or increase lactation by ethnic groups living in Tamu township of Sagaing division in Myanmar. This study aimed to explore the effect of Murdannia edulis on serum prolactin level and mammary glands of the lactating female rats.
Methods: The type of the study was laboratory based experimental study. Thirty-six lactating dams were divided into six groups of 6 lactating rats in each group (n=6), namely group I (normal saline) as control, group II (5 mg/kg metoclopramide) as standard, groups III and IV (1 gm/kg and 2 gm/kg watery extract of Murdannia edulis), groups V and VI (1 gm/kg and 2 gm/kg ethanolic extract of Murdannia edulis), respectively. The extract and the drugs were orally administered from day 4 to 15 of lactation. At 16 days of lactation, the heart blood of lactating dams was collected under chloroform anaesthesia and serum prolactin level of dams was measured by using ELISA kit. The histological changes of mammary glands of the rats were also assessed.
Results: The significant higher serum prolactin level were seen in ethanolic extract 2 gm/kg body weight treated group when compared to control. Histology of mammary glands in ethanolic extract treated rats showed stimulation of lobuloalveolar cell development.
Conclusions: The lactogenic activity of the roots of Murdannia edulis may be due to promoting prolactin secretion and lobuloalveolar cell development of mammary glands.
Learner’s perspectives and outcomes of peer role play as a teaching learning method for prescription communication skills in second year medical students at a tertiary teaching hospital in India
Authors: Asanaliyar Meharban , Kamath Latha , Chakraborty Ananya
Published: February 2024

Background: Medical education in India is experiencing a positive shift from traditional curriculum to competency-based medical education. Among the different initiatives, inclusion of role-play with specific aim of improving prescription communication skills in the current curriculum, could lead to beneficial patient- response outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the undergraduate medical student’s perspectives on implementing role-play for learning about prescription communication.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of pharmacology involving second-year medical students of Vydehi institute of medical science and research centre participating for a month-long duration. An internally validated questionnaire was used to assess students’ perspectives on role-play in prescription communication. The outcome was evaluated based on students’ performance in prescription writing and appropriate communication before and after the role-play session. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS software.
Results: The mean score for the overall benefit of role play for prescription communication for all responding participants (n=163) was 4.2 out of 5. In this study, 89.4% of students agreed that role-play in prescription communication should be an essential aspect of their training in the curriculum and is worth taking this additional effort. 84.6% of students found that, the sessions helped to understand and share the pharmacology concepts better. Mean pre and post role play prescription writing assessment scores in students was 7.59 and 9.01 out of 10 respectively.
Conclusions: Role-play was well received by the students as a low-cost innovative teaching methodology for better understanding of Pharmacology concepts as mandated by the CBME curriculum. It helps in understanding the importance of teamwork and error-free prescription communication for future clinical practice. Overall, following appropriate demonstration, use of role-play showed significant improvement in student performance in prescription communication.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among medical students
Authors: Bhatt Shaily , Kumar Harshvardhan
Published: February 2024

Background: Spontaneous voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is the backbone for the successful functioning of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India. The aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure safe and rational use of medicines, once they are released for general use in the society. Targeting the younger doctor for sensitization toward pharmacovigilance is the key to ensure practice of adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting in clinical practice. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among medical students at LLRM Medical College, Meerut, a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a pretested questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding pharmacovigilance. The medical students (2nd year, final year, and interns) were included in the study. Only the participants who gave their consent were included in the study. Results were calculated by proper statistical analysis.
Results: The current study was conducted in a LLRM Medical College, Meerut, which included a total of 250 medical students of which 40% 2nd year, 40% final year students, and 20% interns. Most of them (83%) accepted that reporting ADR is necessary, and pharmacovigilance should be taught in detail to health-care professionals.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that knowledge of pharmacovigilance among medical students is improving gradually and pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting needs to be made compulsory, have better, interesting ways to learn and understand it, so that the students can practice it with confidence in their clinical practice.
Influence of SLC22A1 gene polymorphisms on gastrointestinal adverse effects with metformin therapy in South Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Balasundaram Lakshmi , Mathaiyan Jayanthi , B. S. Suryanarayana , Kamalanathan Sadhish Kumar
Published: February 2024

Background: Metformin, a first-line agent in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, causes gastrointestinal adverse effects in 20-30% of patients, leading to discontinuation in 5-10% of them. Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) encoded by SLC22A1, transports metformin from the enterocytes into the bloodstream. Reduced function OCT1 variants could lead to increased luminal concentration of metformin leading to gastrointestinal adverse effects. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SLC22A1 gene were studied in this cross-sectional study with cases and controls. Objective was to determine the association between genetic polymorphisms rs628031 (1222A>G) and rs622342 (1386C>A) in SLC22A1 gene and gastrointestinal adverse effects to metformin therapy in South Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: The study was conducted in JIPMER, Puducherry, India in T2DM patients (n=300) of South Indian origin, who were categorized into case (N=100) and control (N=200) groups, based on their gastrointestinal tolerance to metformin. DNA was extracted from the patients using whole blood by phenol-chloroform method and genotyping was done using real-time PCR.
Results: Minor allele frequency of rs628031 (A allele) and rs622342 (C allele) were 33.8% and 26.5% respectively. Genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the case and control groups (rs628031, p=0.45, rs622342, p=0.28). Female gender (AOR 3.77; 95% CI 2.07, 6.85; p<0.001) and proton pump inhibitor usage (AOR 7.66; 95% CI 3.01, 19.47; p<0.001) had higher association with metformin intolerance.
Conclusions: No significant association was found between the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs628031 and rs622342) in the SLC22A1 gene and gastrointestinal adverse effects to metformin therapy in South Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Study of utilization of antimicrobial drugs and its resistance pattern in patients with septicemia at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rayewar Apurva Anil , Hambarde Sandhya Shivajirao , Wanjari Rasika Purushottam , Bodke Akshay Vishwasrao , Mujeeb Momin M. Abdul
Published: February 2024

Background: Many types of bacteria can produce septicemia. The most common infections that lead to septicemia are urinary tract infections, pneumonia, nephritis and abdominal infections.
Methods: The study aims to assess the pattern of antimicrobial drugs used in septicemia and to assess the etiological organisms and their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern. Study participants admitted to tertiary health care centre and who are having septicemia were included in this prospective observational study. Blood culture, bronchial secretions were subjected to microbiological analysis. The etiological organisms, their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern and the outcome of drug therapy were recorded. The clinical course of the study participants was monitored till cure either the resolution of pneumonia. Qualitative data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test and quantitative data using the independent t test.
Results: Mean duration of hospital stay in all patients 13.22±0.45 days and in resistance cases it was found 19.22±0.45 days. Mean duration of ICU stay in all patients was 4.34±0.45 days and in resistant cases mean duration of ICU stay was 8.18±0.45 days. Clinical outcome in overall admitted patients recovered was 97 patients (80.83%) death was 16 patients (13.33%). Clinical outcome in resistant patients recovered 16 patients (13.33%) and death 26 patients (21.66%).
Conclusions: The organisms had a varied sensitivity and resistance pattern. The clinical outcome was multifactorial.
General anaesthesia for laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair in a patient with pseudocholinesterase deficiency: a case report
Authors: Aykenar Buğra , Çekmen Nedim
Published: February 2024

Pseudocholinesterase deficiency is a condition that causes prolonged muscle weakness when succinylcholine or mivacurium is used as a neuromuscular blocking agent. It can be either inherited or acquired. The practice of not using these two muscle relaxant agents may suggest that PED is not a significant problem for general anesthesia. This case report describes the successful discharge of a patient with a preexisting diagnosis of PED who underwent laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair under GA with neuromuscular monitoring without complications.
Pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B after accidental overdose in an adult critically ill patient treated with plasmapheresis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Van Oers Jos A. H. , Workum Jessica D. , Voorzaat Bram M. , Jaspers Tessa C. C.
Published: February 2024

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. We describe the case of a 62-year-old female patient with recent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who was treated for suspected ventriculitis and a fungal coinfection. Instead of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), 465 mg (5 mg/kg) amphotericin B deoxycholate (DOC) was inadvertently administered, leading to refractory shock with multiple organ failure and requiring mechanical ventilation. Since an overdose of amphotericin B can lead to fatal consequences and has a half-life of 15 days, plasmapheresis was started. The serum concentration decreased from 1.32 µg/mL to 0.62 µg/mL before plasmapheresis, demonstrating a mean half-life of 49 hours. After two plasmapheresis sessions, the serum concentration further dropped to 0.26 µg/mL, demonstrating a mean half-life of 17 hours. In contrast, the third plasmapheresis session had no effect on serum concentration. The patient made a full recovery, potentially facilitated by enhanced amphotericin B elimination through plasmapheresis. Positive outcomes were previously reported in two adult patients treated with plasmapheresis. However, other reports without plasmapheresis described fatal outcomes in adult patients, albeit with a twofold overdose compared to the two patients successfully treated with plasmapheresis. Moreover, plasmapheresis itself carries risks such as hypocalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and coagulation deficits. Consequently, the role of plasmapheresis in amphotericin B overdose is still debated.
Case report on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis and pancreatitis
Authors: Kurup Karan Krishna , N. Soorya , Hareendran Atul , Ajithan Swathi , P. V. Sneha
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease primarily impacting the lungs but with potential effects on various organs, such as bones, kidneys, and intestines. This case underscores a rare yet serious complication associated with anti-TB drug (ATD) treatment-the development of drug-induced acute pancreatitis. In this instance, a 65-year-old male undergoing ATD therapy exhibited symptoms including fever, vomiting, and fatigue. Despite receiving medical intervention, including intravenous antibiotics and hepatoprotective drugs, the patient's condition progressively worsened, ultimately resulting in a fatal outcome. This case emphasizes the crucial significance of early identification and effective management of such complications, highlighting the necessity for vigilant monitoring and regular assessment of liver function tests throughout ATD treatment.
Uridine triacetate: the saviour in waiting, finally arrives
Authors: Jaiswal Shruti
Published: February 2024

Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the very common solid cancers. Colorectal cancer is one of the types in which the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or its prodrug capecitabine is used. Toxicity to 5-FU or capecitabine is a common occurrence in patients receiving it. In such conditions, dose reduction or drug discontinuation for some time was the only way out apart from some supportive measures. An exhaustive search was always on to find a suitable antidote for the toxicity. The molecule uridine triacetate was studied for a long to be used in this condition. A systematic search of the existing literature about uridine triacetate was done with available sources like PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Information about uridine triacetate was assembled and processed from these sources. Uridine triacetate was given orphan drug status for this indication a few years back. After a clinical trial, the drug was finally approved by the US FDA on December 11, 2015, for use in case of toxicity to 5- 5-FU or capecitabine. Well, stat Therapeutics has been marketing the drug under the trade name of Vistogard. Uridine triacetate works by preventing the toxic metabolite of 5-FU from entering and establishing itself in the RNA framework, by competing with the toxic metabolites. It is a relatively safe drug with minimal side effects. This article discusses the molecule uridine triacetate, its structure, metabolism, and kinetics in the body, the why and how of its action, and finally the results and findings of the clinical trial done with it.
A new horizon in Stargardt’s disease: a comprehensive rapid review of interventional therapies
Authors: Besekar Smruti , Jogdand Sangita , Arewar Akansha , Dhankikar Suraj , Bhosle Marvel , Besekar Diptesh
Published: February 2024

This rapid synthesis comprised seven studies on inherited macular dystrophy, known as Stargardt disease, which primarily affects children and young adults and is caused by the breakdown of a particular type of light-sensing cell in the eye called ABCA4one database was selected, and search was carried out using the keywords Stargardt disease and interventional techniques by the application of the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were randomized controlled trials, and other systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included, which provided information about the study's methodology and results. The interventional therapies used in this review, including the use of saffron, docosahexaenoic acid, emuxistat hydrochloride, and biofeedback therapy, had a positive effect on Stargardt disease. Therefore, additional studies and syntheses, including controlled trials, case series, adequate sample sizes, and multiple centers, are needed in the future.
Supportive oncology: a blueprint for patient-centric care
Authors: Tali Tavseef Ahmad , Amin Fiza
Published: February 2024

The article emphasizes a paradigm shift toward patient-centric care while providing a thorough examination of the changing supportive oncology landscape. When a patient is diagnosed with cancer, they must not only deal with the medical effects of the illness but also manage difficult emotional, social, and practical issues. Understanding the critical role supportive care plays in improving cancer patients' overall quality of life, this book explores the essential elements of a patient-centric approach. Evidence-based procedures, recommendations, and the incorporation of patient viewpoints are all included in the suggested blueprint for patient-centric oncology care. Healthcare professionals may improve cancer patients' quality of life, foster resilience, and help create a more sympathetic and caring healthcare system by adopting an all-encompassing approach. In the end, the paper makes the case for the broad implementation of supportive oncology as a crucial part of cancer treatment, enabling patients to face their ordeal with dignity and resiliency.
Mudanças na estratégia na busca ativa de pacientes hipertensos: um relato de experiência
Authors: Laudelino Carolinne de Queiroga Almeida e , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivida no território da Atenção Primária à Saúde quanto a efetivação de novas estratégias de busca ativa de pacientes hipertensos, garantido um espaço de acolhimento, acesso a saúde e tratamento dignos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, descritivo e qualitativo, sobre ações de busca ativa a pacientes hipertensos que estão inseridos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da cidade de Pombal, Sertão da Paraíba, entre os meses de maio e outubro de 2023. A metodologia utilizada teve com base o arco de Maguerez e suas etapas. Resultados: Após a escolha de pacientes em conjunto com os agentes de saúde e enfermeiro da unidade, iniciou-se buscas por estratégias que visavam abranger todos os cenários possíveis na busca ativa dos pacientes, com o intuito de reduzir danos e melhora o cuidado em saúde. Após essas ações de busca ativa, viu-se que os indicadores da hipertensão arterial unidade de saúde aumentar, além da adesão da população como consequência da unidade de saúde estar presenta no território, quebrando as barreiras existentes e facilitando o acesso. Conclusão: A busca ativa dos pacientes contribui para a construção de conhecimento, através da junção teórico-prática de forma multidisciplinar, ampliando a atenção às necessidades de saúde dos usuários por meio da educação em saúde. A educação em saúde contribui para o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento da saúde da população em geral, cuja experiência compartilhada com os demais profissionais e usuários dentro da unidade de saúde, contribui para fortalecer o vínculo com a comunidade e pacientes.
Monitoring of Thiamethoxam Resistance in Turkish House Fly Strains, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Cetin Huseyin , Yanikoglu Atila , Akarsu Esin , Civril Mehmet , Odabas Eylul , Koc Samed , Oz Emre , Polat Burak
Published: February 2024

Background: The house fly, Musca domestica, is vector for pathogens and parasites and causes economic damage to livestock by reducing forage conversion efficiency, negatively impacting weight gain and milk production. It has shown resistance to multiple insecticide classes. The aim of this research was to determine the susceptibility levels of seven­teen field M. domestica strains to thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, in Türkiye.
Methods: Insecticide susceptibility of the house flies to thiamethoxam was determined using the WHO glass jar meth­od. A probit analysis program was used to determine LD50 values, and then the resistance ratios were compared with insecticide-susceptible strain.
Results: All strains were ≥18.5-fold resistant to thiamethoxam. The data showed that 10 out of 17 strains had either high or very high resistance levels. Our findings revealed that house flies from solid waste landfills in Samsun, Ankara, and Kocaeli exhibited higher resistance ratios compared to those found in animal shelters. Conversely, in Gaziantep, Antalya, İzmir and Erzurum, the exact opposite trend was observed. Regarding the LD50 values among solid waste stor­age areas, the lowest rate was obtained from Gaziantep (0.72 gr ai/m2), and the highest rate was obtained from Ankara (9.35 gr ai/m2). Furthermore, regarding the LD50 values among animal shelters, the lowest was obtained from Samsun (0.37 gr ai/m2), and the highest was obtained from Denizli (21800 gr ai/m2).
Conclusion: The use of integrated control systems is recommended for controlling house fly populations, including insecticide class rotations for preventing, or at least, delaying the onset of resistance.
Drosophila melanogaster Laboratory Rearing for Wolbachia-Based Control Programs, a Component of Dengue Control
Authors: Naseri-Karimi Nazanin , Vatandoost Hassan , Sedaghat Mohammad Mehdi , Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Amidi Fardin , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2024

Background: Drosophila melanogaster flies are smooth, low upkeep and safe model organisms, they can be effortless­ly used in different fields of life sciences like genomics, biotechnology, genetics, disease model, and Wolbachia-based approaches to fight vectors and the pathogens they transmit.
Methods: Fruit fly specimens were collected in 25 districts (14 provinces) of Iran and their morphological recognition was proven by molecular analysis based on sequence homology of mitochondrial COI barcode region. Essential in­formation and specific requirements were provided for laboratory rearing of D. melanogaster.
Results: Drosophila melanogaster colonies were found in 23 out of 25 districts. Also, five related species coincident with D. melanogaster were reported in this study including D. ananassae/D. parapallidosa, D. hydei, D. repleta, Zapri­onus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae). The Iranian D. melanogaster mo­lecular signature and their rearing techniques have been described here. The complete life cycle, from (egg to adult), takes approximately 8 days at 25 °C. Some biological points have been presented with highlighting capturing, rearing, culturing, and embryo collection along with primitive recognition and segregation between females and males have been presented. A recipe for culture media and the quantity of various ingredients have been provided.
Conclusion: This is the first report on the D. repleta and D. ananassae/D. parapallidosa species for the country. Re­sults of this study provide efficient and effective rearing procedures which are requirement for both small-scale for fa­cilitating entomological research and large-scale use in justifiable vector control management such as disease model or Dengue control.
Preliminary Analysis of Methamphetamine Detection in Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Reared in Methamphetamine-Treated Meat at Various Developmental Stages
Authors: Parkhideh Seyedeh Zahra , Forouzesh Mehdi , Akhgari Maryam , Bahmanabadi Leila , Jokar Farzaneh , Valiyari Samira , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Rahimi Sara , Alimohammadi Ali Mohammad , Rafizadeh Sayena , Rassi Yavar
Published: February 2024

Background: It is possible to identify drugs and poisons present in cadavers by analyzing blowfly larvae and pupae col­lected during forensic autopsies. The main purpose of this study was to use Lucilia sericata’s larvae and pupae to iden­tify drugs and poisons present in human cadavers.
Methods: In an investigation, immature L. sericata fed meat treated with methamphetamine (MA) at various concentra­tions (45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) were analyzed to detect MA. Acetylation derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were used as sample preparation methods prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical instru­men­tation to find MA.
Results: According to this study, L. sericata can be used in toxicological testing to identify MA in a host body. All L. seri­cata larval stages, particularly the third stage larva, pupa and empty pupa tested were positive for MA. Larvae in their first instar produced weak peaks. The L. sericata post-feeding instar following the 45 ng/mg treatment showed the highest MA concentration. For the first time, derivatization using the acetylation approach was used to prepare samples, and successfully, excellent results were obtained.
Conclusion: Low quantities of MA can be easily found in immature fly samples using GC-MS. It is important to ana­lyze all samples including human tissues and insect samples, for postmortem drug testing. They can be utilized to find entire MA before they are excreted in excretory samples such as urine. Also, third instar larvae are a great and reliable sample for toxicological study.
Public Awareness, Perception, and Knowledge of Bed Bug Infestation Prevalence in Iraq
Authors: Baqir Hussein-Ali , Li Wei-Jun , Wang Jian-Guo , Quan-Ong Song , Ab-Majid Abdul-Hafiz
Published: February 2024

Background: Bed bugs are blood-feeding insects and are an important urban pest. Bed bugs are nocturnal insects and hide in cracks in walls and beds during the day. The study aims to: (1) determine the bed bugs species that infest Iraq, their infestation source, and their distribution; (2) determine the level of awareness and concern regarding bed bugs among the Iraqi community.
Methods: Between 2020 and 2021, a survey of bed bug infestation dynamics was conducted in 18 infested sites located in major cities across eight governorates. The 23-item online survey was distributed over social media to Iraqi citizens between June and July 2022 to survey on their familiarity with bed bug habitat, medical significance, transmission, pre­vention, control measures, and concerns.
Results: There were a total of 1104 bed bugs collected. Based on the morphological characteristics, bed bugs collected from eight Iraqi governorates are identified as Cimex hemipterus. Besides, a high rate of bed bug infestation was ob­served in workers' dormitories. The online questionnaire was answered by 1843 respondents and based on the feedback, most respondents (55.3%) have no awareness of bed bug infestations, while around 43.8% are somewhat concerned about bed bug infestations in Iraq.
Conclusion: Only tropical bed bugs, C. hemipterus were found in all sampled sites. Bed bug infestations are mainly caused by migrant workers and the reuse of second-hand furniture and clothing. The results suggest that the Iraqi gov­ernment should organize more proper demonstrations on bed bug awareness for the public.
Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana on Different Stages of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran
Authors: Pirmohammadi Masoumeh , Talaei-Hassanloui Reza , Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Rassi Yavar , Rahimi Sara , Fatemi Mahboubeh , Ghassemi Marzieh , Arandian Mohammad Hossein , Jafari Reza , Golzan Seyedeh Reyhaneh , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Vatandoost Hassan
Published: February 2024

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem in Iran with the main vector of Phlebotomus papatasi. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for biological control of the vector is a potential substitute for the current methods which are being used. The purpose of the current study was to assess the virulence of two local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (OZ2 and TV) against Ph. papatasi.
Methods: To perform the bioassay test, fungal suspensions were applied for every stage of the sand fly life cycle. The mortality rate, longevity, and number of eggs laid were determined. Also, the probability of fungal survival on the sur­face of rodent’s body was assessed.
 Results: The longevity of infected adult sand flies with both isolates of B. bassiana was significantly lower (P< 0.05) in comparison to the negative control. The estimated Lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values for adult female and male sand flies treated with OZ2 isolate were 1.4×106 and 2.2×107 conidia/ml, respectively, while they were 6.8×106 and 2.3×108 conidia/ml for TV iso­late, respectively. Both isolates of B. bassiana exhibited nonsignificant mortality rates in sand fly larvae and pupae and fecundity rate (P> 0.05). According to our findings for both isolates, the fungus continued to spread throughout the sur­face of the rodent's body for 144 hours after spraying.
Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that both isolates of B. bassiana have considerable biological control ca­pacity against adult sand flies.
Patients with Arthropod Bites and Stings Presenting to the Emergency Department: Clinical Features and Burden on the Emergency Department
Authors: Buyurgan Çağrı S. , Köse Ataman , Babuş Seyran B. , Yarkaç Akif , Usluer Halil O. , Temel Gülhan O.
Published: February 2024

Background: There are few studies analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of arthropod bites and stings, emergency department (ED) admission rate and cost burden. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and ED burden of such cases.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 954 patients who presented to ED after exposure to arthropods. The demograph­ic and clinical characteristics, treatment rates, consultation and hospitalization requirements, and costs were evaluated.
Results: The rate of presentation to the ED after exposure to arthropods was 0.36%. Among the identifiable insects, 25%, 22%, 5%, 3% and 1% patients were exposed to bees, ticks, scorpions, spiders, and centipedes, respectively. Of the included patients, 51% were male and the mean age was 39.4±14.8 years. Exposure to arthropods was most commonly seen in the summers (45%). Local and systemic toxicities developed in 11% and 1% of patients, respectively. Further examinations were requested in 50% of cases and 83% of cases received treatment. 4% of cases were hospitalized, and 21% were prescribed medicines.. The average cost per patient of exposure to spiders, scorpions, centipedes, ticks and bees were 45.5, 28.3, 17.3, 12.6, and 10.1 US Dollars, respectively. The total cost of ED for all patients was calculated as $12,694.65.
Conclusion: We believe that a better understanding of the characteristics and prevalence of arthropod bites and stings will have a positive impact on primary prevention, health resource planning and reducing the burden on EDs by improv­ing people's knowledge and practices to reduce the incidence of bites and stings.
Penrose Drain for Carpal Tunnel Release: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saeed-Banadaky Seyed Houssein , Malekzadeh Mazyar , Tafti Abbas Abdoli
Published: February 2024

Background: Surgical site hematoma is one of the factors that influence the results of the carpal tunnel release (CTR) and patients’ satisfaction; therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of using Penrose drain to reduce the operation site hematoma and improve the results of surgery.
Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were randomly divided into intervention and control groups and then were evaluated by pain with the visual analog scale (VAS) and pinch power. The Penrose drain was placed for the intervention group and removed after two days. Three months after surgery, all patients were re-evaluated by VAS and pinch power.
Results: Out of 46 patients, Penrose drains were placed for 21 patients. According to the results, the VAS and pinch power evaluations were better in patients with Penrose drain (P = 0.001) but in patients without Penrose drain, only the VAS evaluation results were improved, but a decrease in pinch power was detected.
Conclusion: CTR surgery with or without the Penrose drain decreases pain in patients after three months of operation. CTR with Penrose drain improves pinch power and also decreases the pain, but in patients without Penrose drain, pinch power was reduced after this period.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Graft with and without Suture Augmentation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Modi Prashant , Rathore Aditya Singh , Agarwal Shubham
Published: February 2024

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a vital knee joint stabilizer with rising injury rates. Anatomic ACL reconstruction (ACLR) aims to restore the ACL to its original dimensions, collagen orientation, and insertion sites, but complete restoration may not be possible. Suture augmentation (SA) involves the use of autologous hamstring tendons with a braided ultrahigh molecular weight polyester or polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture or suture tape to act as a secondary stabilizer until complete integration. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of ACLR using hamstring grafts with and without SA.
Methods: This trial was conducted at a tertiary-level health care center, with 50 patients divided randomly into two groups: 25 patients for standard ACLR (group A) and 25 patients for ACLR with SA (group B). Participants provided informed consent. Baseline clinical characteristics including range of motion (ROM), pain [Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)], and functional outcomes [Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores] were collected.
Results: The mean age was 25.5 years, with 96% male and 4% female participants. A statistically significant improvement was found in both groups in ROM, NPRS scores, and functional outcomes at 1 and 6 months. There was no significant difference in both groups regarding the IKDC score. Lysholm’s score showed a remarkable improvement in both groups.
Conclusion: SA could be an effective technique for ACLR, with comparable outcomes to standard ACLR.