bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Genetic Variation in Calmodulin and Left Ventricular Mass in Full-Term Newborns
Authors: Gorący Iwona , Gorący Jarosław , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Dawid Grażyna , Ciechanowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2013

Calmodulin II (CALM2) gene polymorphism might be responsible for the variation in the left ventricular mass amongst healthy individuals. The aim was to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular mass (LVM) and g.474955027G>A (rs7565161) polymorphism adjacent to theCALM2gene. Healthy Polish newborns (n= 206) were recruited. Two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography was used to assess LVM. Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing analyses. The carriers of the G allele of theCALM2polymorphism had significantly higher left ventricular mass/weight (LVM/BW) values, when compared with newborns homozygous for the A allele (3.1 g/m2versus 2.5 g/m2,Padjusted= 0.036). The AG genotype ofCALM2was associated with the highest values of LVM/BW, exhibiting a pattern of overdominance (2.9 g/kg versus 3.1 g/kg versus 2.5 g/kg,Padjusted= 0.037). The results of this study suggest that G>ACALM2polymorphism may account for subtle variation in LVM at birth.
Lipoic Acid Treatment after Brain Injury: Study of the Glial Reaction
Authors: Rocamonde Brenda , Paradells Sara , Barcia Carlos , Garcia Esparza Angeles , Soria José Miguel
Published: November 2013

After trauma brain injury, oxidative substances released to the medium provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion, increasing glial cell activation and, occasionally, an influx of immune cells into the central nervous system, developing the secondary damage. In response to these stimuli, microglia are activated to perform upregulation of intracellular enzymes and cell surface markers to propagate the immune response and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The phagocytosis of debris and dead cells is essential to limit the inflammatory reaction and potentially prevent extension of the damage to noninjured regions. Lipoic acid has been reported as a neuroprotectant by acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, angiogenic effect promoted by lipoic acid has been recently shown by our group as a crucial process for neural regeneration after brain injury. In this work, we focus our attention on the lipoic acid effect on astroglial and microglial response after brain injury.
A New Feature Selection Method for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm and Choquet Fuzzy Integral
Authors: Gao Hongmin , Xu Lizhong , Li Chenming , Shi Aiye , Huang Fengchen , Ma Zhenli
Published: November 2013

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is a rapidly developing new integrated technology that is widely used in numerous areas. Rich spectral information from hyperspectral images can aid in the classification and recognition of the ground objects. However, the high dimensions of hyperspectral images cause redundancy in information. Hence, the high dimensions of hyperspectral data must be reduced. This paper proposes a hybrid feature selection strategy based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm (SAGA) and the Choquet fuzzy integral (CFI). The band selection method is proposed from subspace decomposition, which combines the simulated annealing algorithm with the genetic algorithm in choosing different cross-over and mutation probabilities, as well as mutation individuals. Then, the selecting bands are further refined by CFI. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy than traditional methods.
Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol/Styrene Butadiene Rubber Latex/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposites Reinforced with Modified Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Tang Yanjun , Zhou Dingding , Zhang Junhua
Published: November 2013

Novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites were successfully prepared through physical blending. The as‐obtained PVA/SBR/CMC/HNTs nanocomposites were coated on the surface of old corrugated container (OCC)‐based paper in an effort to improve the mechanical properties of paper. To improve the dispersion of HNTs and enhance the compatibility between HNTs and polymer matrix, HNTs were modified with titanate coupling agent (TCA). FT‐IR, together with TGA, confirmed that TCA was grafted onto the surface of HNTs successfully. XRD demonstrated that the crystal structures of HNTs remained almost unchanged. TEM showed that modified HNTs exhibited good dispersion and possessed nanotubular structures with an outer diameter of around 50 nm and an inner diameter of about 20 nm. SEM gave an indication that modified HNTs were dispersed more uniformly than unmodified HNTs within PVA/SBR/CMC matrix. Rheological measurement exhibited that surface modification process enhanced the compatibility between HNTs and polymer matrix, thus resulting in the decreased viscosity of nanocomposites. In comparison with unmodified HNTs, modified HNTs were found to contribute more to the enhancement in mechanical properties, which might be attributed to the better dispersion and compatibility of modified HNTs evidenced by TEM, SEM, and rheological measurement.
Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasound Elastography for Detection of Early Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Lan , Chen Shigao , An Kai-Nan , Yang Hui-Lin , Luo Zong-Ping
Published: November 2013

Ultrasound elastography could be used as a new noninvasive technique for detecting early osteoarthritis. As the first critical step, this study theoretically predicted the excitation power and the measurement errors in detecting cartilage detect. A finite element model was used to simulate wave propagation of elastography in the cartilage. The wave was produced by a force F, and the wave speed C was calculated. The normal cartilage model was used to define the relationship between the wave speed and elastic modulus. Various stiffness values were simulated. F = 10 N with a duration of 0.5 ms was required for having measurable deformation (10 μm) at the distal site. The deformation had a significant rise when the wave crossed the defect. The relationship between the wave speed and elastic parameters was found as C = 1.57 × (E/(2 × ρ(1 + μ)))1/2, where E was the elastic modulus, μ was Poisson’s ratio, and ρ was the density. For the simulated defect with an elastic modulus of 7 MPa which was slightly stiffer than the normal cartilage, the measurement error was 0.1 MPa. The results suggested that, given the simulated conditions, this new technique could be used to detect the defect in early osteoarthritis.
Left Prefrontal Activity Reflects the Ability of Vicarious Fear Learning: A Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Ma Qingguo , Huang Yujing , Wang Lei
Published: November 2013

Fear could be acquired indirectly via social observation. However, it remains unclear which cortical substrate activities are involved in vicarious fear transmission. The present study was to examine empathy‐related processes during fear learning by‐proxy and to examine the activation of prefrontal cortex by using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy. We simultaneously measured participants’ hemodynamic responses and skin conductance responses when they were exposed to a movie. In this movie, a demonstrator (i.e., another human being) was receiving a classical fear conditioning. A neutral colored square paired with shocks (CSshock) and another colored square paired with no shocks (CSno-shock) were randomly presented in front of the demonstrator. Results showed that increased concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in left prefrontal cortex was observed when participants watched a demonstrator seeing CSshock compared with that exposed to CSno-shock. In addition, enhanced skin conductance responses showing a demonstrator′s aversive experience during learning object‐fear association were observed. The present study suggests that left prefrontal cortex, which may reflect speculation of others’ mental state, is associated with social fear transmission.
Comparative Study of Laterite and Bentonite Based Organoclays: Implications of Hydrophobic Compounds Remediation from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nafees Muhammad , Waseem Amir , Khan Abdur Rehman
Published: November 2013

Four cost effective organoclays were synthesized, characterized, and studied for the sorption of hydrophobic compounds (edible oil/grease and hydrocarbon oil) from aqueous solutions. Organoclays were prepared by cation exchange reaction of lattice ions (present onto the surface of laterite and bentonite clay minerals) with two surfactants, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTMA‐Cl) and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TDTMA‐Br). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the characterization of synthesized organoclays. It was found that the amount of surfactant loading and the nature of the surfactant molecules used in the syntheses of organoclay strongly affect the sorption capacity of the clay mineral. Further, it was found that both the laterite and bentonite based organoclays efficiently removed the edible and hydrocarbon oil content from lab prepared emulsions; however, the adsorption capacity of clay mineral was greatly influenced by the nature of hydrophobic compounds as well.
Schiff Base Metal Derivatives Enhance the Expression of HSP70 and Suppress BAX Proteins in Prevention of Acute Gastric Lesion
Authors: Golbabapour Shahram , Gwaram Nura Suleiman , Al-Obaidi Mazen M. Jamil , Soleimani A. F. , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Abdul Majid Nazia
Published: November 2013

Schiff base complexes have appeared to be promising in the treatment of different diseases and disorders and have drawn a lot of attention to their biological activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of Schiff base metal derivatives on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and BAX in protection against acute haemorrhagic gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were assigned to 6 groups of 6 rats: the normal control (Tween 20 5% v/v, 5 mL/kg), the positive control (Tween 20 5% v/v, 5 mL/kg), and four Schiff base derivative groups named Schiff_1, Schiff_2, Schiff_3, and Schiff_4 (25 mg/kg). After 1 h, all of the groups received ethanol 95% (5 mL/kg) but the normal control received Tween 20 (Tween 20 5% v/v, 5 mL/kg). The animals were euthanized after 60 min and the stomachs were dissected for histology (H&E), immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis against HSP70 and BAX proteins. The results showed that the Schiff base metal derivatives enhanced the expression of HSP70 and suppressed the expression of BAX proteins during their gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats.
An Update in the Use of Antibodies to Treat Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Hernández-Pedro Norma Y. , Rangel-López Edgar , Vargas Félix Gustavo , Pineda Benjamín , Sotelo Julio
Published: November 2013

Glioblastoma is a deadly brain disease and modest improvement in survival has been made. At initial diagnosis, treatment consists of maximum safe surgical resection, followed by temozolomide and chemoirradiation or adjuvant temozolomide alone. However, these treatments do not improve the prognosis and survival of patients. New treatment strategies are being sought according to the biology of tumors. The epidermal growth factor receptor has been considered as the hallmark in glioma tumors; thereby, some antibodies have been designed to bind to this receptor and block the downstream signaling pathways. Also, it is known that vascularization plays an important role in supplying new vessels to the tumor; therefore, new therapy has been guided to inhibit angiogenic growth factors in order to limit tumor growth. An innovative strategy in the treatment of glial tumors is the use of toxins produced by bacteria, which may be coupled to specific carrier-ligands and used for tumoral targeting. These carrier-ligands provide tumor-selective properties by the recognition of a cell-surface receptor on the tumor cells and promote their binding of the toxin-carrier complex prior to entry into the cell. Here, we reviewed some strategies to improve the management and treatment of glioblastoma and focused on the use of antibodies.
Research on Self-Organization in Resilient Recovery of Cluster Supply Chains
Authors: Geng Liang , Xiao Renbin , Xie Shanshan
Published: November 2013

An effective way to deal with high-risk and low-probability disruptions is to create a resilient cluster supply chain, in which the study of resilience lies in its recovery mechanism when failures occur. First, the paper describes the representation method of cluster supply chain resilience. Second, a cluster supply chain network structure generation model is proposed. And based on cascading effect model, it makes analysis of dynamic evolution process when cluster supply chain failure happens. Then it focuses on the self-organization characteristic, which contributes to cluster supply chain emergence overall resilient recovery through local self-organization reconstruction behavior. We also make theoretical analysis of cluster supply chain network characteristics and its effect on the resilience, which helps to illustrate that the root of vulnerability lies in cascading failure while self-organization is the key to resilient recovery. Besides, with the study of self-organization characteristic, it provides theoretical guidance for local control and further achievement of overall resilient optimization.
Green and Rapid Synthesis of Anticancerous Silver Nanoparticles bySaccharomyces boulardiiand Insight into Mechanism of Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Kaler Abhishek , Jain Sanyog , Banerjee Uttam Chand
Published: November 2013

Rapidly developing field of nanobiotechnology dealing with metallic nanoparticle (MNP) synthesis is primarily lacking control over size, shape, dispersity, yield, and reaction time. Present work describes an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cell free extract (CFE) ofSaccharomyces boulardii. Parameters such as culture age (stationary phase growth), cell mass concentration (400 mg/mL), temperature (35°C), and reaction time (4 h), have been optimized to exercise a control over the yield of nanoparticles and their properties. Nanoparticle (NP) formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental composition by EDX (energy dispersive X-rays) analysis, and size and shape by transmission electron microscopy. Synthesized nanoparticles had the size range of 3–10 nm with high negative zeta potential (−31 mV) indicating excellent stability. Role of proteins/peptides in NP formation and their stability were also elucidated. Finally, anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles as compared to silver ions was determined on breast cancer cell lines.
Prostaglandin E2Does Not Modulate CCR7 Expression and Functionality after Differentiation of Blood Monocytes into Macrophages
Authors: Allaire Marc-André , Tanné Bérengère , Côté Sandra C. , Dumais Nancy
Published: November 2013

Previously, we demonstrated that prostaglandin E2(PGE2) induces C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) expression on human monocytes, which stimulates their subsequent migration in response to the CCR7 natural ligands CCL19 and CCL21. In this study, we determined whether PGE2affects CCR7 expression on macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis and chemotaxis assays were performed on Mono Mac-1-derived macrophage (MDMM-1) as well as unpolarized monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to determine the CCR7 expression and functionality in the presence of PGE2. Data revealed that a MDMM-1 exhibited markedly downregulated CCR7 expression and functionality that were partially restored by treatment with PGE2. In MDMs, we observed a drastic downregulation of CCR7 expression and functionality that were unaffected following PGE2treatment. Our data indicate that monocyte differentiation induces the loss of CCR7 expression and that PGE2is unable to modulate CCR7 expression and functionality as shown previously in monocytes.
Acetylshikonin, a Novel AChE Inhibitor, Inhibits Apoptosis via Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Pan Wen-Liang , Liang Wei-Cheng , Law Wai-Kit , Tsz-Ming Ip Denis , Ng Tzi-Bun , Miu-Yee Waye Mary , Chi-Cheong Wan David
Published: November 2013

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are prominent alternative in current clinical treatment for AD patients. Therefore, there is a continued need to search for novel AChEIs with good clinical efficacy and less side effects. By using our in-house natural product database and AutoDock Vina as a tool in docking study, we have identified twelve phytochemicals (emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and rhein in Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma; xanthotoxin, phellopterin, alloisoimperatorin, and imperatorin in Angelicae dahuricae Radix; shikonin, acetylshikonin, isovalerylshikonin, andβ,β-dimethylacrylshikonin in Arnebiae Radix) as candidates of AChEIs that were not previously reported in the literature. In addition to AChEI activity, a series of cell-based experiments were conducted for the investigation of their neuroprotective activities. We found that acetylshikonin and its derivatives prevented apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide in human and rat neuronal SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells at 10 μM. We showed that acetylshikonin exhibited the most potent antiapoptosis activity through the inhibition of the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as protection of the loss of mitochondria membrane potential. Furthermore, we identified for the first time that the upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 by acetylshikonin is a key step mediating its antiapoptotic activity from oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.
Synergistic Flame Retardancy of Aluminium Dipropylphosphinate and Melamine in Polyamide 6
Authors: Tang Linsheng , Yuan Zhigang , Xu Lu , Li Xue , Ge Yuzhen
Published: November 2013

The synergistic flame retardancy of aluminium dipropylphosphinate (ADPP) and melamine (ME) in polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, the vertical burning test, and the cone calorimeter test, and the mechanism was also discussed by thermogravimetric and residual analyses. The experimental results indicated that there was obvious synergistic flame retardancy between ADPP and ME under their appropriate weight ratios. The thermogravimetric results and the analysis of the residues obtained in cone calorimeter test showed that ADPP and ADPP/ME played the role of flame retardance by gaseous- and condensed-phase mechanisms, where, on one hand, they were decomposed into nonvolatile aluminum phosphate and promoted the carbonization of PA6, and the formed intumescent layer resulted in flame retardancy by the barrier effect on heat, air, and decomposition products, and on the other hand, they were decomposed into volatile phosphorus compounds which bring about flame retardancy by flame inhibition. Using a combination of ADPP and ME improved charring of PA6 and raised the residual rate of P and Al, thus, improving the barrier effect in the condensed phase.
Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of CRM‐Reinforced SMA and Its Correlation with Dynamic Stiffness and Dynamic Creep
Authors: Mashaan Nuha Salim , Karim Mohamed Rehan
Published: November 2013

Today, rapid economic and industrial growth generates increasing amounts of waste materials such as waste tyre rubber. Attempts to inspire a green technology which is more environmentally friendly that can produce economic value are a major consideration in the utilization of waste materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)), in stone mastic asphalt (SMA 20) performance. The virgin bitumen (80/100) penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber at four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the indirect tensile (dynamic stiffness), dynamic creep, and wheel tracking tests. By the experimentation, the appropriate amount of CRM was found to be 16% by weight of bitumen. The results show that the addition of CRM into the mixture has an obvious significant effect on the performance properties of SMA which could improve the mixture′s resistance against permanent deformation. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the rut depth and permanent strain as compared to resilient modulus; thus dynamic creep test might be a more reliable test in evaluating the rut resistance of asphalt mixture.
A Sociability-Based Spray and Forward Scheme for Opportunistic Network
Authors: Sun Guoxia , Xiao Fu , Jiang Lingyun , Xu Jia , Wang Ruchuan
Published: November 2013

In opportunistic network, data transmission relies mainly on node mobility. However, the moving patterns of nodes in diverse application scenarios are different. Thus, nodes moving patterns should be considered when designing data transmission strategy. Based on the analysis of node moving characteristics in opportunistic social networks, two parameters, called social rang and social frequency, are introduced and sociability-based Spray and Forward (SSF) scheme is proposed by applying them to the data dissemination and forwarding phase, respectively. Simulation results show that SSF can effectively improve data delivery ratio and reduce latency under the given model.
Defective Stromal Remodeling and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lymphoid Tissues Favor the Transition from Autoimmunity to Lymphoma
Authors: Sangaletti Sabina , Tripodo Claudio , Vitali Caterina , Portararo Paola , Guarnotta Carla , Casalini Patrizia , Cappetti Barbara , Miotti Silvia , Pinciroli Patrizia , Fuligni Fabio , Fais Franco , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Colombo Mario P.
Published: November 2013

Altered expression of matricellular proteins can become pathogenic in the presence of persistent perturbations in tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that autoimmunity associated with Fas mutation was exacerbated and transitioned to lymphomagenesis in the absence of SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine). The absence of SPARC resulted in defective collagen assembly, with uneven compartmentalization of lymphoid and myeloid populations within secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), and faulty delivery of inhibitory signals from the extracellular matrix. These conditions promoted aberrant interactions between neutrophil extracellular traps and CD5+ B cells, which underwent malignant transformation due to defective apoptosis under the pressure of neutrophil-derived trophic factors and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, this model of defective stromal remodeling during lymphomagenesis correlates with human lymphomas arising in a SPARC-defective environment, which is prototypical of CD5+ B–cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Significance: These results reveal the importance of stromal remodeling in SLO to accommodate autoimmune lymphoproliferation while preventing lymphomagenesis. Our findings reveal a link between SPARC, collagen deposition, and the engagement of the immune-inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 on neutrophils, neutrophil cell death via NETosis, and the stimulation of CD5+ B–cell proliferation. Moreover, we show that SPARC deficiency promotes CD5+ B–cell lymphomagenesis and is correlated with CLL in humans. Cancer Discov; 4(1); 110–29. ©2013 AACR.

See related commentary by Brekken, p. 25

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Liver Resection in Patients with Hepatic Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Gaujoux Sébastien , Bucau Margot , Ronot Maxime , Paradis Valerie , Vilgrain Valerie , Belghiti Jacques
Published: November 2013

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber disease, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by widespread telangiectasia and vascular malformations involving the liver in most of the cases. The consequences of this pathologically underlying parenchyma on liver resection have been poorly described. Methods: More than 2,000 liver resections were performed at our institution over a 14-year period, whereby 2 major hepatectomies for malignancy were performed on patients with HHT with liver involvement. In addition, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed database to identify all original articles on hepatectomy in patients with HHT. Results: The first patient underwent a left hepatectomy for cholangiocarcinoma with an uneventful postoperative course. The second patient underwent right hepatectomy and segment 3 resection for colorectal liver metastases. The postoperative course was marked by ascites without liver failure. For both patients, 90-day mortality was nil. Conclusion: In selected HHT patients with liver involvement, liver resections, including major hepatectomies, can be safely performed. Specific attention should be paid to postoperative liver function and ascites.
The E280A Presenilin Mutation Reduces Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Levels in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Kim Doo Yeon , Wertz Mary H. , Gautam Vivek , D'Avanzo Carla , Bhattacharyya Raja , Kovacs Dora M.
Published: November 2013

Background: Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations in presenilin (PS) modulate PS/γ-secretase activity and therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis. Previously, we found that PS/γ-secretase cleaves voltage-gated sodium channel β2-subunits (Navβ2), releases the intracellular domain of Navβ2 (β2-ICD), and thereby, increases intracellular sodium channel α-subunit Nav1.1 levels. Here, we tested whether FAD-linked PS1 mutations modulate Navβ2 cleavages and Nav1.1 levels. Objective: It was the aim of this study to analyze the effects of PS1-linked FAD mutations on Navβ2 processing and Nav1.1 levels in neuronal cells. Methods: We first generated B104 rat neuroblastoma cells stably expressing Navβ2 and wild-type PS1 (wtPS1), PS1 with one of three FAD mutations (E280A, M146L or ΔE9), or PS1 with a non-FAD mutation (D333G). Navβ2 processing and Nav1.1 protein and mRNA levels were then analyzed by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Results: The FAD-linked E280A mutation significantly decreased PS/γ-secretase-mediated processing of Navβ2 as compared to wtPS1 controls, both in cells and in a cell-free system. Nav1.1 mRNA and protein levels, as well as the surface levels of Nav channel α-subunits, were also significantly reduced in PS1(E280A) cells. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the FAD-linked PS1(E280A) mutation decreases Nav channel levels by partially inhibiting the PS/γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of Navβ2 in neuronal cells.
Coordinated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Translocation and Phosphorylation Determines Flow-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Resistance Vessels
Authors: Figueroa Xavier F. , González Daniel R. , Puebla Mariela , Acevedo Juan P. , Rojas-Libano Daniel , Durán Walter N. , Boric Mauricio P.
Published: November 2013

Background/Aims: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in plasma membrane. We tested the hypothesis that eNOS activation by shear stress in resistance vessels depends on synchronized phosphorylation, dissociation from Cav-1 and translocation of the membrane-bound enzyme to Golgi and cytosol. Methods: In isolated, perfused rat arterial mesenteric beds, we evaluated the effect of changes in flow rate (2-10 ml/min) on nitric oxide (NO) production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177, eNOS subcellular distribution and co-immunoprecipitation with Cav-1, in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. Results: Increases in flow induced a biphasic rise in NO production: a rapid transient phase (3-5-min) that peaked during the first 15 s, followed by a sustained phase, which lasted until the end of stimulation. Concomitantly, flow caused a rapid translocation of eNOS from the microsomal compartment to the cytosol and Golgi, paralleled by an increase in eNOS phosphorylation and a reduction in eNOS-Cav-1 association. Transient NO production, eNOS translocation and dissociation from Cav-1 depended on extracellular Ca2+, while sustained NO production was abolished by the PI3K-Akt blocker wortmannin. Conclusions: In intact resistance vessels, changes in flow induce NO production by transient Ca2+-dependent eNOS translocation from membrane to intracellular compartments and sustained Ca2+-independent PI3K-Akt-mediated phosphorylation.
The Effect of Slow Coronary Flow on Right and Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: Altunkas Fatih , Koc Fatih , Ceyhan Koksal , Celik Atac , Kadi Hasan , Karayakali Metin , Ozbek Kerem , Burucu Turgay , Ozturk Ahmet , Onalan Orhan
Published: November 2013

Objective: To evaluate left and right ventricular functions using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) and myocardial performance index (MPI) methods in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF) and to determine the relationship between these parameters and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count in SCF patients. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-five patients (20 males and 15 females) with SCF who underwent coronary angiography and 35 age- and sex-matched controls (14 males and 21 females) without SCF who underwent elective coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) functions were examined using conventional echocardiography and TDE. Results: LV systolic myocardial velocity (Sm), early myocardial velocity (Em), late myocardial velocity (Am), and Em/Am ratio were similar in both the SCF and control groups; however, isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) was higher in the SCF group compared to the control group (IRT: 99 ± 17 vs. 88 ± 20; p = 0.01). In patients with SCF, LV MPI was higher than in the control group, but this was not statistically significant (0.61 ± 0.11 vs. 0.56 ± 0.12; p = 0.07). The RV tricuspid annular velocities and MPI were similar in the SCF and control groups. Conclusion: This study showed that SCF affected LV functions echocardiographically and could cause partially reduced LV performance. In addition, SCF did not affect RV functions echocardiographically.
Prognostic Factors for Disease-Free Survival after Preoperative Chemotherapy Followed by Curative Resection in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Harboring Hepatic Metastasis: A Single-Institute, Retrospective Analysis in Asia
Authors: Yi Jun Ho , Kim Hyunki , Jung Minkyu , Shin Sang Joon , Choi Jin Sub , Choi Gi-Hong , Baik Seung Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Ahn Joong Bae
Published: November 2013

Background: Converting chemotherapy followed by surgery is known to be associated with improved clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with hepatic metastasis. This study is to investigate the clinicopathological prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) after curative resection of primary and metastatic lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 76 CRC patients who had initially had unresectable hepatic metastasis, which was considered resectable after systemic chemotherapy, and had undergone curative surgery in the period from January 2006 to December 2011. DFS was compared by assessing clinical data including age, sex, staging, number of hepatic lesion(s), size of the largest hepatic lesion and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Results: The median age was 57 years and 47 patients were male. The median DFS was 10.4 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age <50 years (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.43-5.10, p = 0.002) and CEA elevation after curative surgery (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.11-4.36, p = 0.023) were associated with a shorter DFS. Conclusions: Given that patients <50 years old or with elevated CEA levels after curative surgery demonstrated a short DFS, additional postoperative systemic treatment or active surveillance, at least, should strongly be considered for this group.
Growing Teratoma Syndrome of the Ovary Showing Three Patterns of Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Shibata Kiyosumi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kikkawa Fumitaka
Published: November 2013

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is defined as metastatic masses during or after chemotherapy for germ cell tumors, which contain only mature teratoma components. The peritoneum of the pelvis and abdomen and the retroperitoneum are the most frequent sites of metastasis. We report a case of GTS of the ovary showing three patterns of metastasis: dissemination, lymphogenous metastasis, and hematogenous metastasis. The patient initially presented 5 years ago with a mixed germ cell tumor of the left ovary and positive cytology of ascites. After surgery and chemotherapy, mature teratomas recurred as pelvic peritoneal dissemination, a para-aortic lymph node mass, and a lung mass. Our case highlights the importance of long-term follow-up and a whole-body search. We think that our case is suggestive regarding the mechanism of critical GTS.
Multifactorial Relationship Between
18
F-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Signaling and Biomechanical Properties in Unruptured Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Nchimi Alain , Cheramy-Bien Jean-Paul , Gasser T. Christian , Namur Gauthier , Gomez Pierre , Seidel Laurence , Albert Adelin , Defraigne Jean-Olivier , Labropoulos Nicos , Sakalihasan Natzi
Published: November 2013

Background—

The relationship between biomechanical properties and biological activities in aortic aneurysms was investigated with finite element simulations and
18
F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (
18
F-FDG) positron emission tomography.

Methods and Results—

The study included 53 patients (45 men) with aortic aneurysms, 47 infrarenal (abdominal aortic) and 6 thoracic (thoracic aortic), who had ≥1
18
F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography. During a 30-month period, more clinical events occurred in patients with increased
18
F-FDG uptake on their last examination than in those without (5 of 18 [28%] versus 2 of 35 [6%];
P
=0.03). Wall stress and stress/strength index computed by finite element simulations and
18
F-FDG uptake were evaluated in a total of 68 examinations. Twenty-five (38%) examinations demonstrated ≥1 aneurysm wall area of increased
18
F-FDG uptake. The mean number of these areas per examination was 1.6 (18 of 11) in thoracic aortic aneurysms versus 0.25 (14 of 57) in abdominal aortic aneurysms, whereas the mean number of increased uptake areas colocalizing with highest wall stress and stress/strength index areas was 0.55 (6 of 11) and 0.02 (1 of 57), respectively. Quantitatively,
18
F-FDG positron emission tomographic uptake correlated positively with both wall stress and stress/strength index (
P
<0.05).
18
F-FDG uptake was particularly high in subjects with personal history of angina pectoris and familial aneurysm.

Conclusions—

Increased
18
F-FDG positron emission tomographic uptake in aortic aneurysms is strongly related to aneurysm location, wall stress as derived by finite element simulations, and patient risk factors such as acquired and inherited susceptibilities.
Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Adult GRK2 Hemizygous Mice Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Avendaño María S. , Lucas Elisa , Jurado-Pueyo María , Martínez-Revelles Sonia , Vila-Bedmar Rocío , Mayor Federico , Salaices Mercedes , Briones Ana M. , Murga Cristina
Published: November 2013

G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase able to phosphorylate and desensitize the active form of several G protein–coupled receptors. Given the lack of selective inhibitors for GRK2, we investigated the effects elicited by GRK2 inhibition in vascular responses using global adult hemizygous mice (GRK2
+/−
). The vasodilator responses to acetylcholine or isoproterenol were increased in aortas and mesenteric resistance arteries from GRK2
+/−
mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. After angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, GRK2
+/−
mice were partially protected against hypertension, vascular remodeling, and mechanical alterations, even when resting basal blood pressures were not significantly different. AngII infusion also (1) increased GRK2 levels in WT but not in GRK2
+/−
vessels; (2) increased vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine in WT but not in GRK2
+/−
mice; and (3) decreased vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and vascular pAkt and eNOS levels more in WT than in GRK2
+/−
animals. Vascular NO production and the modulation of vasoconstrictor responses by endothelial-derived NO remained enhanced in GRK2
+/−
mice infused with AngII. Thus, GRK2
+/−
mice are resistant to the development of vascular remodeling and mechanical alterations, endothelial dysfunction, increased vasoconstrictor responses, and hypertension induced by AngII at least partially through the preservation of NO bioavailability. In conclusion, our results describe an important role for GRK2 in systemic hypertension and further establish that an inhibition of GRK2 could be a beneficial treatment for this condition.
CXCR7 Upregulation Is Required for Early Endothelial Progenitor Cell–Mediated Endothelial Repair in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Su Chen , Cao Zheng , Xu Shi-Yue , Xia Wen-Hao , Xie Wen-Li , Chen Long , Yu Bing-Bo , Zhang Bin , Wang Yan , Tao Jun
Published: November 2013

Dysfunction of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is responsible for impaired endothelial repair capacity after arterial injury in patients with hypertension. Here, we hypothesized that diminished signaling of CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) contributes to the reduced EPC functions, and enhanced CXCR7 expression restores the capacities of EPCs from hypertensive patients. CXCR7 expression of EPCs from hypertensive patients was significantly reduced when compared with that from healthy subjects. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, a downstream signaling of CXCR7, was elevated, which increased cleaved caspase-3 level of EPCs. CXCR7 gene transfer augmented CXCR7 expression and decreased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which was paralleled to EPC functional upregulation of in vitro adhesion, antiapoptosis activities, and in vivo re-endothelialization capacity in a nude mouse model of carotid artery injury. The enhanced in vitro and in vivo functions of EPCs were markedly inhibited by neutralizing monoclonal antibody against CXCR7, which was blocked by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580. Downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 level induced by CXCR7 gene transfer or SB203580 pretreatment improved EPC functions. Furthermore, we found that lercanidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, enhanced CXCR7 expression and facilitated in vitro and in vivo functions of EPCs. Our study demonstrated for the first time that diminished CXCR7 signal at least partially contributes to the reduced in vitro functions and in vivo re-endothelialization capacity of EPCs from hypertensive patients. Upregulation of CXCR7 expression induced by gene transfer or lercanidipine treatment may be a novel therapeutic target for increased endothelial repair capacity in hypertension.
Tissue Transglutaminase Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Stabilizes Placental Angiotensin Receptor Type 1 by Ubiquitination-Preventing Isopeptide Modification
Authors: Liu Chen , Wang Wei , Parchim Nicholas , Irani Roxanna A. , Blackwell Sean C. , Sibai Baha , Jin Jianping , Kellems Rodney E. , Xia Yang
Published: November 2013

Preeclampsia is a life-threatening pregnancy disorder that is widely thought to be triggered by impaired placental development. However, the placenta-related pathogenic factors are not fully identified, and their underlying mechanisms in disease development remain unclear. Here, we report that the protein level and enzyme activity of tissue transglutaminase (TG2 or tTG), the most ubiquitous member of a family of enzymes that conducts post-translational modification of proteins by forming ε-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine isopeptide bonds, are significantly elevated in placentas of preeclamptic women. TG2 is localized in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts of patients with preeclampsia where it catalyzes the isopeptide modification of the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1). To determine the role of elevated TG2 in preeclampsia, we used a mouse model of preeclampsia based on injection of AT1-agonistic autoantibody. A pathogenic role for TG2 in preeclampsia is suggested by in vivo experiments in which cystamine, a potent transglutaminase inhibitor, or small interfering RNA–mediated TG2 knockdown significantly attenuated autoantibody-induced hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant mice. Cystamine treatment also prevented isopeptide modification of placental AT1 receptors in preeclamptic mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that AT1-agonistic autoantibody stimulation enhances the interaction between AT1 receptor and TG2 and results in increased AT1 receptor stabilization via transglutaminase-mediated isopeptide modification in trophoblasts. Mutagenesis studies further demonstrated that TG2-mediated isopeptide modification of AT1 receptors prevents ubiquitination-dependent receptor degradation. Taken together, our studies not only identify a novel pathogenic involvement of TG2 in preeclampsia but also suggest a previously unrecognized role of TG2 in the regulation of G protein–coupled receptor stabilization by inhibiting ubiquitination-dependent degradation.
Re-evaluation of characters in Apolemiidae (Siphonophora), with description of two new species from Monterey Bay, California
Authors: SIEBERT STEFAN , PUGH PHIL R. , HADDOCK STEVEN H. D. , DUNN CASEY W.
Published: November 2013

Siphonophores are polymorphic planktonic marine Cnidarians. The family Apolemiidae is sister to all other species of physonect and calycophoran siphonophores. Although this enigmatic group arguably includes the longest animal species on the planet, their colony-level organization and growth patterns are not well understood. Here we describe two new apolemiid species: Apolemia lanosa sp. nov. and A. rubriversa sp. nov. We provide detailed descriptions of zooid budding and the organization of mature zooids within the siphosome. Our findings reveal that at least two distinct general patterns of siphosomal organization are found in different Apolemia species. In the first pattern, dispersed organization, zooids independently attach directly to the siphosomal stem. In the second pattern, pedunculate organization, only the gastrozooid is attached directly to the stem, and the other zooids of the cormidium branch from its peduncle. This diversity within Apolemia indicates that fundamental aspects of zooid budding and organization are homoplastic within Siphonophora, as both patterns are also found in other siphonophores. The observations presented here greatly clarify the interpretation of diagnostic characters within Apolemiidae, bear on the status of the three previously described species, provide critical detail for understanding the diversity of colony-level organization in siphonophores, and establish a foundation for the description of additional apolemiid species.
Three new eriophyoid mite species in the tribe Phyllocoptini from Yunnan Province, southwestern China (Acari: Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae)
Authors: HAN XIAO , XUE XIAO-FENG , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: November 2013

In this paper, three new Phyllocoptini eriophyoid mite species from Yunnan Province, China are described and illustrated: Proiectus rodgeseta sp. nov. on Pinus armandii Franch. (Pinaceae), Proiectus granularpro sp. nov. on Pinus tabuliformis Carr. (Pinaceae) and Phyllocoptruta juniperiana sp. nov. on Juniperus chinensis Linn. (Cupressaceae). All are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants. A key to the species of Proiectus is provided.
Paleonura bilinskii (Collembola, Neanuridae, Paleonurini), a new species from Ecuador
Authors: PAŚNIK GRZEGORZ , WEINER WANDA MARIA
Published: November 2013

The genus Paleonura Cassagnau, 1982, with 50 species, is found mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world with some species restricted to high altitudes. Eighteen species have been described from the mountains above 800 m a. s. l., in the Himalayas (13 species) and Kenya and Tanzania (three species each). Seven species (together with the new one) have been found in the mountains above 3000 m a. s. l.: P. ganesh Cassagnau, 1991, P. indrabahadouri Cassagnau, 1991, P. setikholensis Cassagnau, 1991, P. spectabilis Cassagnau, 1982, P. khumbica Yosii, 1971 (all Himalayas), P. africana Cassagnau, 1996 (Kenya) and P. bilinskii sp. nov. (Ecuador). The northernmost record of the genus is P. peterbellingeri Palacios-Vargas & Simón Benito, 2007, from a cave in Virginia, USA (38°55'59.44" N) and the most southern, P. limnophila (Cassagnau & Rapoport, 1962) from Argentina (42°52'24.48" S).
Rediscovery of the rare ant genus Bannapone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae) and description of the worker caste
Authors: GUÉNARD BENOIT , Blanchard Benjamin , Liu Cong , Yang Da-Rong , Economo Evan
Published: November 2013

The genus Bannapone was described in 2000 on the basis of a single dealate queen specimen. Since its original collection in Yunnan, China, no other specimen has been reported, making it one of the rarest ant genera in the world. Here we report the collection of two workers of Bannapone also from Yunnan province. The description of the worker caste is presented. Furthermore, we found significant differences with the described B. mulanae Xu, 2000 which leads us to describe the workers as a new species, B. scrobiceps n. sp.. Finally, we briefly discuss the importance of leaf-litter collection methods to collect taxa considered as “rare”.
Union Coverage, Membership and Performance-Related Pay: Are Piece Rates Different?
Authors: O'Halloran Patrick
Published: November 2013

This paper revisits a literature on the links between unionisation and performance-related pay (PRP), which offers a disparate set of results. Part of the reason for this is the usual inability to distinguish between different types of PRP and the lack of rich panel data containing such measures. Analysis of panel data containing six separate PRP schemes reveals that union members are less likely to receive PRP in general and less likely to receive bonus payments, stock options, or profit sharing than non-members. Furthermore, profit sharing is negatively related to both union membership and coverage. However, union members or those covered by a union contract are more likely to be paid piece rates, providing further evidence that piece-rate pay differs from other forms of PRP.
Prospects for the UK Economy
Authors: Kirby Simon
Published: November 2013

The production of this forecast is supported by the Institute's Corporate Members: Bank of England, HM Treasury, Mizuho Research Institute Ltd, the Office for National Statistics, Santander (UK) plc and by the members of the NiGEM users group.
Assessment of the Performance of Three Multiplex Array Panels for the Detection of Circulating Cytokines and Chemokines in Naive, LPS, and SEB-treated Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: He Ching , Narayanan Padma K. , Fort Madeline M.
Published: November 2013

To assess relative sensitivity for detection of cytokines and chemokines in cynomolgus serum samples, we tested three commercially available multiplex array kits using the Luminex® platform with sera from animals exposed by intravenous injection to 150 μg/kg staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or 20 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Each of these kits detected similar patterns of changes in circulating cytokines/chemokines in response to SEB or LPS stimulation, especially the induction of high amounts of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in response to SEB but not LPS. However, there were clear differences in sensitivity for particular analytes, especially for IL-10. Additional experiments that focused on one multiplex array kit demonstrated very low or undetectable levels of cytokines in naive cynomolgus macaques, except for highly variable background levels of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. Therefore, multiplex array analysis of circulating cytokine/chemokine patterns was capable of detection of systemic activation of diverse immune cell subsets.