bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enkele opmerkingen over instemmingsrechten
Authors: Huizink J.B.
Published: November 2014

Enkele opmerkingen over instemmingsrechten

Sinds de invoering van de Wet tot vereenvoudiging en flexibilisering van het bv-recht kennen we bij de bv zogenoemde instemmingsrechten. In deze bijdrage wordt het rechtskarakter van deze instemmingsrechten – vennootschapsrechtelijk zowel als vermogensrechtelijk – onderzocht. De conclusie is dat de aan de aandelen verbonden instemmingsrechten bij verpanding van het aandeel kunnen overgaan naar de pandhouder.
De Ontwerpregeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon nader beschouwd
Authors: Kuijper E.W.
Published: November 2014

De Ontwerpregeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon nader beschouwd

Het consultatiedocument Wijzigingswet financiële markten 2016 omvat een regeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon. Voorgesteld wordt de regeling op te nemen in de Wge. De regeling beoogt het Nederlandse recht in lijn te brengen met de regels die de MiFID en de EMIR stellen inzake de bescherming van derivatenbeleggers. De auteur beschouwt de voorgestelde regeling nader en signaleert enkele aandachtspunten. Uit de bijdrage blijkt dat het opstellen van een regeling die past binnen het vermogensrecht en aansluit bij de praktijk geen eenvoudige opgave is.
Ostrowski type inequalities for convex functions
Authors: Özdemir Muhamet Emin , Kavurmacı Havva , Avcı Merve
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we obtain Ostrowski type inequalities for convex functions.
Optimization of PI and Fuzzy-PI Controllers on Simulation Model of Szabad(ka)-II Walking Robot
Authors: Kecskés István , Odry Péter
Published: November 2014

The Szabad(ka)-II 18 DOF walking robot and its simulation model is suitable for research into hexapod walking algorithm and motion control. The complete dynamic model has already been built, and is used as a black box for walking optimization in this research. First, optimal straight line walking was chosen as our objective, since the robot mainly moves in this mode. This case can be tested and validated as well on the current version of our robot. An ellipse-based leg trajectory has been generated for this low-cost straight line walking. Currently a simple new Fuzzy-PI controller with three input variables is being constructed and compared with an previously used PI controller. The purpose of defining the rules and its optimization are to obtain a controller that provides walking with higher quality. Both the compared controllers have been optimized together with the parameters of the leg trajectory. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was chosen from several methods with our benchmark-based selection research and the help of specific test functions; moreover the previous research (the comparison of genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO) also led to this conclusion.
Reconciling Representations
Authors: Zahner William , Dent Nick
Published: November 2014

One student's unexpected solution led us to make sense of the problem about random triangles and persevere to a solution.
Graphing Projects with Desmos
Authors: Ebert David
Published: November 2014

Desmos, an online graphing calculator, is introduced for a design project where students to practice graphing.
Introducing Integration
Authors: Ilaria Daniel R.
Published: November 2014

A series of lessons introduces students to understanding integration.
Breast Cancer – Diagnosis and Treatment Prolonging Life: A Review
Authors: Susmitha Kasina  , Hemant K.S. Yadav  , H.G. Shivakumar
Published: November 2014

Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that starts either in the ducts or lobules, this can be generally differentiated as either in situ or invasive (in filtering) type. It is expected that in 2014 every 1 in 8 women are likely to develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime when compared to a decade back where an average of 1 in 10 was seen. With this increase, breast cancer alone, roughly accounts for 25 to 30% of new cancer cases this year. Despite such diagnostic statistics, there are millions of survivors across the globe and this increasing rate can be attributed to the tremendous increase in advances in treatment and also early diagnosis. New drug delivery carriers like nanoparticles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, etc. are being used to improve the efficacy of therapy and for site specific delivery to reduce side effects. As a result of the constant effort by researchers, today the commercial market has a range of products apart from the conventional dosage forms like Herceptin (trastuzumab), a monoclonal antibody; the others in this class are Pertuzumab (Perjeta), Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) used for targeted delivery; Myocet (doxorubicin), a liposomal formulation and Paclitaxel nanoparticles all these are available as injections via intravenous route or infusion in few cases. There are yet certain other promising technologies like magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and cMethDNA assay a very assuring method to monitor recurrence of breast cancer by a simple blood test. This review will focus on the description of disease, diagnosis, current treatment therapies and ongoing research to provide better facilities.
Forum of necessity in Quebec Private International Law: C.c.Q. art. 3136
Authors: McEvoy John P.
Published: November 2014

Article 3136 C.c.Q. is a departure from the general rules of jurisdiction applicable to a Quebec authority. Based on the principle of necessity and in the absence of an appropriate forum, it authorizes an authority to exercise jurisdiction in relation to a matter not subject to its direct jurisdiction when it is impossible or unreasonable for the parties to access a foreign authority and when the litigation has a sufficient connection with Quebec. Article 3136 thus confers a discretionary jurisdiction on a Quebec authority. This discretion is limited by the definitional elements expressed in article 3136 and has been further narrowed by an inappropriate interpretation by the Court of Appeal in Lamborghini. The critical factor is that necessity jurisdiction implies that the litigation is subject to an effective remedy in the Quebec forum. Availability of an effective remedy renders reasonable the exercise of necessity jurisdiction and the requirement that foreign litigation be instituted, unreasonable. However, the factor of remedy is ignored, or without expression, in both doctrine and jurisprudence. Supported by a comparative approach between the civil law and the common law, the first part presents a general analysis of this exceptional rule with particular attention to the Swiss law which inspired the drafters of article 3136. In the second part, article 3136 is considered in context with the general provisions of the Code and the legislative history of the provision is clarified. The third part analyzes the definitional elements of the article and the last part examines its application as reflected in the relevant jurisprudence.
Parenté sociale et adoption homosexuelle : quel choix politique ?
Authors: Renchon Jean-Louis
Published: November 2014

Saisi de différentes propositions de loi, les unes tendant à conférer un statut juridique au beau-parent hétérosexuel ou homosexuel, et les autres tendant à autoriser l’adoption par des personnes de même sexe, le Parlement belge devrait très prochainement débattre de la question de savoir s’il instituera la « parenté sociale » ou s’il envisagerait même de permettre l’adoption d’un enfant par deux « parents » de même sexe, c’est-à-dire de conférer à un enfant une double filiation de même sexe.

Cette étude a pour objectif d’une part de circonscrire les différences qui existent, en termes juridiques, entre un statut de parenté sociale et une adoption homosexuelle et d’autre part de faire apparaître les enjeux socio-politiques du choix qui devra être effectué par le Parlement.
Modernity: Are Modern Times Different?
Authors: Hunt Lynn
Published: November 2014

“Modernity” has recently been the subject of considerable discussion among historians. This article reviews some of the debates and argues that modernity is a problematic concept because it implies a complete rupture with “traditional” ways of life. Studies of key terms are undertaken with the aid of Google Ngrams. These show that “modernity,” “modern times,” and “traditional” –in English and other languages– have a history of their own. A brief analysis of the shift from a self oriented toward equilibrium to a self oriented toward stimulation demonstrates that modernity is not necessary to historical analysis.
Más allá del consenso y la oposición: las actitudes de la “gente corriente” en regímenes dictatoriales. Una propuesta de análisis desde el régimen franquista
Authors: Hernández Burgos Claudio
Published: November 2014

The aim of this article is to analyze social attitudes in dictatorships, examining the mechanisms used to gather social support and the complex relationship between state and society. To this end, this essay presents a theoretical and methodological proposal for analyzing individual and collective attitudes under non-democratic regimes. The first section synthesizes the main problems in examining social attitudes and points out some aspects that should be considered. The second part consists of a historiographical review of studies of social attitudes in different European dictatorships. Finally, the article focuses on the Franco regime, empirically demonstrating the need to adopt a flexible, complex, “bottom-up” approach to analyze the attitudes of “ordinary people”.
Postsecularidad: ¿un nuevo paradigma de las ciencias sociales?
Authors: Garzón Vallejo Iván
Published: November 2014

The theory of secularization was the hermeneutical paradigm of the process in which modern western societies witnessed the eclipse of religion in public life. In recent years, a significant amount of literature in the Social Sciences has been warning of the crisis of this paradigm and the need to revise it. In this context, the notion of post-secularity appears as a likely candidate to become the new paradigm of the tensions between religion and the secular in today’s world, with the promise of building bridges between religious rationality and secular rationality.
La Corte Suprema de Justicia bajo el gobierno del general Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
Authors: Cajas Sarria Mario Alberto
Published: November 2014

The paper explores the political role of the Supreme Court of Colombia during the government of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, particularly from 1953 to 1956. It deals with the relationship between the government of General Rojas and the Supreme Court during the abovementioned period, and the ways in which the military regime tried to affect the independence of the court at different times. The constitutional judicial review of decrees and constitutional reforms during the Rojas administration reveals the strategic behavior of the court, and the interdependencies between law and politics.
Las radios católicas españolas. Historia, desarrollo y programación
Authors: Santos Diez María Teresa , Pérez Dasilva Jesús Ángel
Published: November 2014

Radio attracted the interest of the Catholic Church from the beginning due to its potential as a universal communications medium for propagating religious content and spreading the message of the gospel. This article deals with the study and analysis of Spanish Catholic radio stations (COPE, Radio Santa Maria de Toledo, Radio Estel of Barcelona and Radio Maria), focusing on the content included in their programming schedules and the strategies employed to make these broadcasts succeed and remain on the air.
La ‘cuestión’ del mal y la Modernidad. A propósito de una lectura desde Walter Benjamin
Authors: Hincapié García Alexánder
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the “question” of evil in direct relation to modernity. The proposed theses hold that evil cannot be studied by searching for its origins, but by inscribing it within specific historical and cultural coordinates. In this case, the coordinates are located in the modern world and a Modernity that launched the promise of progress and in fact opened the door to anthropological correction, disguising it as a necessary gesture for re-founding humanity itself.
Nutritional control of body size through FoxO-Ultraspiracle mediated ecdysone biosynthesis
Authors: Koyama Takashi , Rodrigues Marisa A , Athanasiadis Alekos , Shingleton Alexander W , Mirth Christen K
Published: November 2014

Despite their fundamental importance for body size regulation, the mechanisms that stop growth are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, growth ceases in response to a peak of the molting hormone ecdysone that coincides with a nutrition-dependent checkpoint, critical weight. Previous studies indicate that insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS)/Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling in the prothoracic glands (PGs) regulates ecdysone biosynthesis and critical weight. Here we elucidate a mechanism through which this occurs. We show that Forkhead Box class O (FoxO), a negative regulator of IIS/TOR, directly interacts with Ultraspiracle (Usp), part of the ecdysone receptor. While overexpressing FoxO in the PGs delays ecdysone biosynthesis and critical weight, disrupting FoxO–Usp binding reduces these delays. Further, feeding ecdysone to larvae eliminates the effects of critical weight. Thus, nutrition controls ecdysone biosynthesis partially via FoxO–Usp prior to critical weight, ensuring that growth only stops once larvae have achieved a target nutritional status.
Mean sea‐level variability along the northeast American Atlantic coast and the roles of the wind and the overturning circulation
Authors: Woodworth Philip L. , Maqueda Miguel Á. Morales , Roussenov Vassil M. , Williams Richard G. , Hughes Chris W.
Published: November 2014

The variability in mean sea level (MSL) during 1950–2009 along the northeast American Atlantic coast north of Cape Hatteras has been studied, using data from tide gauges and satellite altimetry and information from the Liverpool/Hadley Centre (LHC) ocean model, thereby providing new insights into the spatial and temporal scales of the variability. Although a relationship between sea level and the overturning circulation can be identified (an increase of approximately 1.5 cm in MSL for a decrease of 1 Sv in overturning transport), it is the effect of the nearshore wind forcing on the shelf that is found to dominate the interannual sea‐level variability. In particular, winds are found to be capable of producing low‐frequency changes in MSL (“accelerations”) in a narrow coastal band, comparable to those observed by the tide gauges. Evidence is presented supporting the idea of a “'common mode” of spatially coherent low‐frequency MSL variability, both to the north and south of Cape Hatteras and throughout the northwest Atlantic, which is associated with large spatial‐scale density changes from year to year.
Basu,Debabrata
Authors: Ghosh Jayanta
Published: November 2014

This entry provides a short biography of Debabrata Basu who made pioneering contributions to mathematical statistics, sample surveys, foundations, and Bayesian analysis.
Robust adaptive phase‐only beamforming algorithm for interference suppression
Authors: Lu Chengjun , Sheng Weixing , Han Yubing , Ma Xiaofeng
Published: November 2014

The adaptive phase‐only beamforming technique is very important for suppressing interferences in phased array radar. However, similar to the conventional beamforming technique, which features variable magnitudes and phases, the performance of phase‐only beamforming is severely degraded by steering direction and array geometry errors. No studies on this problem are available. In this paper, the problem of adequate robustness for adaptive phase‐only beamformers is investigated, and a robust phase‐only beamforming algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation is proposed. This algorithm can suppress interferences by minimizing the array output power and maintain the desired signal without distortion. Robust adaptive phase‐only weighting is first converted into a non‐convex quadratic optimization problem and then into a convex optimization problem by the semidefinite relaxation technique, which can be solved easily. Experimental results demonstrate that the new robust adaptive phase‐only beamforming algorithm can significantly reduce performance degradation caused by various array errors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Facile Synthesis of Pyrazoles through Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp2)H Cycloamination of Vinyl Hydrazones
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Zhu Qiang
Published: November 2014

An efficient synthesis of structurally diversified pyrazole derivatives through metal‐free oxidative CH cycloamination of vinyl hydrazones has been developed. The reaction was usually complete within 5 min at ambient temperature in air in good to excellent yields.
Virtual Anthropology
Authors: Weber Gerhard W.
Published: November 2014

Comparative morphology, dealing with the diversity of form and shape, and functional morphology, the study of the relationship between the structure and the function of an organism's parts, are both important subdisciplines in biological research. Virtual anthropology (VA) contributes to comparative morphology by taking advantage of technological innovations, and it also offers new opportunities for functional analyses. It exploits digital technologies and pools experts from different domains such as anthropology, primatology, medicine, paleontology, mathematics, statistics, computer science, and engineering. VA as a technical term was coined in the late 1990s from the perspective of anthropologists with the intent of being mostly applied to biological questions concerning recent and fossil hominoids. More generally, however, there are advanced methods to study shape and size or to manipulate data digitally suitable for application to all kinds of primates, mammals, other vertebrates, and invertebrates or to issues regarding plants, tools, or other objects. In this sense, we could also call the field “virtual morphology.” The approach yields permanently available virtual copies of specimens and data that comprehensively quantify geometry, including previously neglected anatomical regions. It applies advanced statistical methods, supports the reconstruction of specimens based on reproducible manipulations, and promotes the acquisition of larger samples by data sharing via electronic archives. Finally, it can help identify new, hidden traits, which is particularly important in paleoanthropology, where the scarcity of material demands extracting information from fragmentary remains. This contribution presents a current view of the six main work steps of VA: digitize, expose, compare, reconstruct, materialize, and share. The VA machinery has also been successfully used in biomechanical studies which simulate the stress and strains appearing in structures. Although methodological issues remain to be solved before results from the two domains can be fully integrated, the various overlaps and cross‐fertilizations suggest the widespread appearance of a “virtual functional morphology” in the near future. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 156:22–42, 2015. © 2014 American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Rationales Design und asymmetrische Synthese potenter neuritotropher Liganden für FK506‐bindende Proteine (FKBPs)
Authors: Pomplun Sebastian , Wang Yansong , Kirschner Alexander , Kozany Christian , Bracher Andreas , Hausch Felix
Published: November 2014

Um höchst effiziente Inhibitoren für FK506‐bindende Proteine zu erzielen, wurde eine neue asymmetrische Synthese für pro‐(S)‐C5‐verzweigte [4.3.1]‐Aza‐Amid‐Bicyclen entwickelt. Der entscheidende Syntheseschritt war dabei eine HF‐vermittelte N‐Acyliminium‐Cyclisierung. Die Funktionalisierung des C5‐Restes führte zu neuen Proteinkontakten mit dem psychiatrischen Risikofaktor FKBP51, was eine mehr als 280‐fache Steigerung der Affinität ermöglichte. Die besten Liganden verstärkten potent die Differenzierung von N2a‐Neuroblastomazellen.
The Influence of Two‐Dimensional Organization on Peptide Conformation
Authors: White Simon J. , Johnson Steven D. , Sellick Mark A. , Bronowska Agnieszka , Stockley Peter G. , Wälti Christoph
Published: November 2014

Molecular crowding plays a significant role in regulating molecular conformation in cellular environments. It is also likely to be important wherever high molecular densities are required, for example in surface‐phase studies, in which molecular densities generally far exceed those observed in solution. Using on‐surface circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we have investigated the structure of a synthetic peptide assembled into a highly packed monolayer. The immobilized peptide undergoes a structural transition between α‐helical and random coil conformation upon changes in pH and ionic concentration, but critically the threshold for conformational change is altered dramatically by molecular crowding within the peptide monolayer. This study highlights the often overlooked role molecular crowding plays in regulating molecular structure and function in surface‐phase studies of biological molecules.
Water–Water and Water–Solute Interactions in Microsolvated Organic Complexes
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Neill Justin L. , Muckle Matthew T. , Zaleski Daniel P. , Peña Isabel , Lopez Juan C. , Alonso Jose L. , Pate Brooks H.
Published: November 2014

A structural study of microsolvated clusters of β‐propiolactone (BPL) formed in a pulsed molecular jet expansion is presented. The rotational spectra of BPL–(H2O)n (n=1–5) adducts have been analyzed by broadband microwave spectroscopy. Unambiguous identification of the structures has been achieved using isotopic substitution and experimental measurements of the cluster dipole moment. The observed structures are discussed in terms of the different intermolecular interactions between water molecules and between water and BPL, which include n–π* interactions involving the lone pairs of electrons on water oxygen atoms and the antibonding orbital of the BPL carbonyl group. The changes induced in the structures of the water hydrogen‐bonding network by complexation to BPL indicate that water clusters adopt specific configurations to maximize their links to solute molecules.
Ionenselektive Guanin‐Quadruplex‐Faltung auf DNA‐Origami‐ Strukturen
Authors: Olejko Lydia , Cywinski Piotr J. , Bald Ilko
Published: November 2014

DNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen sind vielseitig anwendbare Hilfsmittel, die genutzt werden können, um Funktionalitäten mit hoher lokaler Kontrolle anzuordnen. Hier zeigen wir, dass DNA‐Origami‐Substrate genutzt werden können, um die Faltung bestimmter Guanin(G)‐Quadruplex‐Strukturen zu unterdrücken. Die Faltung von Telomer‐DNA zu G‐Quadruplexen in Gegenwart einwertiger Kationen (z. B. Na+ und K+) wird derzeit zur Detektion von K+‐Ionen genutzt, allerdings mit ungenügender Selektivität gegenüber Na+. Mithilfe von FRET zwischen zwei organischen Farbstoffen, die am 3′‐ und 5′‐Ende der Telomer‐DNA immobilisiert werden, zeigen wir, dass die G‐Quadruplex‐Faltung auf DNA‐Origami‐Strukturen in Gegenwart von Natriumionen sterisch gehindert wird. Dadurch stellt die an DNA‐Origami‐Strukturen gebundene Telomer‐DNA ein hochempfindliches und selektives Detektionssystem für Kaliumionen dar, sogar in Gegenwart hoher Natriumionenkonzentration.
Synthesis of Azoimidazolium Dyes with Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Tskhovrebov Alexander G. , Naested Lara C. E. , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: November 2014

A new method for the synthesis of industrially important azoimidazolium dyes is presented. The procedure is based on a reagent which is rarely used in the context of synthetic organic chemistry: nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”). N2O is first coupled to N‐heterocyclic carbenes. Subsequent reaction with aromatic compounds through an AlCl3‐induced CH activation process provides azoimidazolium dyes in good yields.
18F‐Fluorine‐18‐l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F‐DOPA) positive isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from a MENII‐related medullary thyroid carcinoma. About an atypical metastatic site and utility of 18F‐FDOPA
Authors: Aziz Anne‐Laure , Dierickx Lawrence , Courbon Frederic , Taïeb David , Zerdoud Slimane
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

A patient, operated for a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with a positive RET mutation, showed several peritoneal nodes on a computed tomography (CT), with increased Thyrocalcitonine. A 18F‐Fluorine‐18‐l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (18‐F‐FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) showed isolated tracer uptake on the nodes. A biopsy confirmed that it was from the MTC, with the same RET mutation as in blood.
A case report of de novo missense FOXP1 mutation in a non‐Caucasian patient with global developmental delay and severe speech impairment
Authors: Song Hao , Makino Yuka , Noguchi Emiko , Arinami Tadao
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

The FOXP protein family (FOXP1‐4) is a group of transcription factors that play important roles in embryological, immunological, hematological, and speech and language development. Here, we report FOXP1 de novo mutation and severe speech delay in an individual belonging to a non‐Caucasian population.
DFT Study of the Active Site of the XoxF‐Type Natural, Cerium‐Dependent Methanol Dehydrogenase Enzyme
Authors: Bogart Justin A. , Lewis Andrew J. , Schelter Eric J.
Published: November 2014

Rare‐earth metal cations have recently been demonstrated to be essential co‐factors for the growth of the methanotrophic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV. A crystal structure of the rare‐earth‐dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) includes a cerium cation in the active site. Herein, the Ce–MDH active site has been analyzed through DFT calculations. The results show the stability of the CeIII–pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) semiquinone configuration. Calculations on the active oxidized form of this complex indicate a 0.81 eV stabilization of the PQQ0 LUMO at cerium versus calcium, supporting the observation that the cerium cation in the active site confers a competitive advantage to Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV. Using reported aqueous electrochemical data, a semi‐empirical correlation was established based on cerium(IV/III) redox potentials. The correlation allowed estimation of the cerium oxidation potential of +1.35 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in the active site. The results are expected to guide the design of functional model complexes and alcohol‐oxidation catalysts based on lanthanide complexes of biologically relevant quinones.
(Metallo)porphyrins as Potent Phototoxic Anti‐Cancer Agents after Irradiation with Red Light
Authors: Antoni Philipp M. , Naik Anu , Albert Ina , Rubbiani Riccardo , Gupta Susmita , Ruiz‐Sanchez Pilar , Munikorn Pornkanok , Mateos José M. , Luginbuehl Vera , Thamyongkit Patchanita , Ziegler Urs , Gasser Gilles , Jeschke Gunnar , Spingler Bernhard
Published: November 2014

Novel photoactive (metallo)porphyrins were synthesised and characterised. When irradiated with light at a wavelength greater than 600 nm, these porphyrins act as photosensitisers and show high cytotoxicity towards two different human cancer cell lines with IC50 values down to 0.4 μM. A paramagnetic copper(II) porphyrin is the first photosensitiser to display excellent phototoxicity, explained by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping of hydroxy radicals and experimentally confirmed by the discovery of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside A2780 cells after irradiation with red light. This finding indicates that paramagnetic compounds should be considered for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, an additive effect of cisplatin and a zinc porphyrin, both at subtherapeutic concentrations of 0.22 μm, was observed.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Unconventional Aminopyrimidine, Aminopurine, and Amino‐1,3,5‐triazine Methyloxynucleosides
Authors: Fernández‐Cureses Gloria , de Castro Sonia , Jimeno María‐Luisa , Balzarini Jan , Camarasa María‐José
Published: November 2014

Herein we describe a class of unconventional nucleosides (methyloxynucleosides) that combine unconventional nucleobases such as substituted aminopyrimidines, aminopurines, or aminotriazines with unusual sugars in their structures. The allitollyl or altritollyl derivatives were pursued as ribonucleoside mimics, whereas the tetrahydrofuran analogues were pursued as their dideoxynucleoside analogues. The compounds showed poor, if any, activity against a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This inactivity may be due to lack of an efficient metabolic conversion into their corresponding 5′‐triphosphates and poor affinity for their target enzymes (DNA/RNA polymerases). Several compounds showed cytostatic activity against proliferating human CD4+ T‐lymphocyte CEM cells and against several other tumor cell lines, including murine leukemia L1210 and human prostate PC3, kidney CAKI‐1, and cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. A few compounds were inhibitory to Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in C3H/3T3 cell cultures, with the 2,6‐diaminotri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐allitolyl‐ and ‐D‐altritolyl pyrimidine analogues being the most potent among them. This series of unconventional nucleosides may represent a novel family of potential antiproliferative agents.
A Combinatorial Study of Photoelectrochemical Properties of Fe‐W‐O Thin Films
Authors: Sliozberg Kirill , Schäfer Dominik. , Meyer Robert , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

A continuous mixed Fe‐W‐O thin‐films materials library was fabricated by means of reactive co‐sputtering from elemental iron and tungsten targets in argon/oxygen. The materials library was screened for its local photoelectrochemical properties by using an automated optical scanning droplet cell. Local scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements of the materials library were performed to correlate the composition, morphology, and photocurrents. The iron content was varied in the range from Fe32W68Ox to Fe81W19Ox. A strong dependence of the film morphology and the measured photocurrents on the composition was observed with a maximal photocurrent from a measurement area containing 55 at % iron. The most photoactive area showed a porous structure with a high surface area. The bandgap values of these materials were assessed by photocurrent spectroscopy and showed a systematic variation of the bandgap values with the composition.
Emotion‐Focused Family Therapy for Eating Disorders Across the Lifespan: A Pilot Study of a 2‐Day Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents
Authors: Lafrance Robinson Adèle , Dolhanty Joanne , Stillar Amanda , Henderson Katherine , Mayman Shari
Published: November 2014

Emotion‐focused family therapy is a transdiagnostic approach that affords parents and caregivers a significant role in their loved one's recovery from an eating disorder. A 2‐day intervention was developed on the basis of emotion‐focused family therapy principles and delivered to 33 parents of adolescent and adult children. Data were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention. Through education and skills practice, parents were taught strategies with respect to meal support and symptom interruption as well as emotion coaching. Parents were also supported to identify and work through their own emotional blocks that could interfere with their supportive efforts. Analyses revealed a significant increase in parental self‐efficacy, a positive shift in parents' attitudes regarding their role as emotion coach and a reduction in the fears associated with their involvement in treatment, including a decrease in self‐blame. Overall, this broad‐based, low‐cost intervention shows promise, and future research is warranted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

A low‐cost, intensive emotion‐focused family therapy intervention shows promise for parents of individuals with an eating disorder, regardless of their loved one's age, symptom profile or involvement in treatment.

Working with parents' emotions and emotional reactions to their child's struggles has the potential to improve supportive efforts.

An emotion‐focused family therapy intervention for parents yields high satisfaction rates, improves parental self‐efficacy and reduces fears regarding their involvement, including self‐blame.
Energy efficiency and traffic offloading in wireless mesh networks with delay bounds
Authors: Garroppo Rosario G. , Gendron Bernard , Nencioni Gianfranco , Tavanti Luca
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we study a wireless access network based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standard and enriched with features such as caching and mesh networking. This system is analysed in terms of energy efficiency and traffic offloading, two objectives that are somewhat in contrast but both relevant to network and service providers as they directly impact the operational cost. In addition, QoS is also accounted for in the form of guaranteed bandwidth and bounded delay. To this aim, we developed a mathematical model of the system and solved it to optimality by means of integer linear programming. We can thus show how much can be saved both in terms of energy and traffic, also considering various tradeoff points among the two contrasting objectives. As a last step, we provide an investigation on the benefits of adding traffic aggregation features to the mathematical model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boost black adult representation and completion in doctoral programs
Authors: Jackson Monica Y.
Published: November 2014

With employers requiring more education of their employees, while the bachelor's degree is being increasingly equated to a high school diploma and the master's to an undergraduate degree, more working adults are considering and pursuing postgraduate studies. Colleges are becoming universities to accommodate this trend.
Zebrafish brain mapping—standardized spaces, length scales, and the power of N and n
Authors: Hunter Paul R. , Hendry Aenea C. , Lowe Andrew S.
Published: November 2014

Mapping anatomical and functional parameters of the zebrafish brain is moving apace. Research communities undertaking such studies are becoming ever larger and more diverse. The unique features, tools, and technologies associated with zebrafish are propelling them as the 21st century model organism for brain mapping. Uniquely positioned as a vertebrate model system, the zebrafish enables imaging of anatomy and function at different length scales from intraneuronal compartments to sparsely distributed whole brain patterns. With a variety of diverse and established statistical modeling and analytic methods available from the wider brain mapping communities, the richness of zebrafish neuroimaging data is being realized. The statistical power of population observations (N) within and across many samples (n) projected onto a standardized space will provide vast databases for data‐driven biological approaches. This article reviews key brain mapping initiatives at different levels of scale that highlight the potential of zebrafish brain mapping. By way of introduction to the next wave of brain mappers, an accessible introduction to the key concepts and caveats associated with neuroimaging are outlined and discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 557–568, 2015
Participatory Forest Management: The experience of foreign‐funded programmes in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Ulybina Olga
Published: November 2014

This paper studies the experience of foreign‐funded programmes aimed at establishing participatory forest management (PFM), primarily in the walnut‐fruit forests of Kyrgyzstan. Having reviewed programme reports, non‐governmental organization evidence and legislation, we argue that the poor performance of these programmes is due largely to incorrect starting assumptions about the feasibility of PFM in the Kyrgyz context and a lack of analysis about locally appropriate forestry regimes. We show that there have been no significant preconditions for realization of PFM mechanisms in the history of Kyrgyz forestry, and their realization has been hampered by the Soviet legacy, strong informal institutions and poverty. We argue that PFM has been introduced without a clear understanding of how it fits in the overall vision of the country's development. Moreover, PFM is not fit for purpose in Kyrgyzstan, as it does not address the root macro‐economic and environmental causes of existing forestry problems. The capacity of local communities should not be over‐emphasized where cross‐sectoral national or even cross‐border efforts are required. Mutual, joint learning of Western donors with local experts is key, and should not be replaced by automatic adoption of imported concepts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Heart rate reduction with ivabradine improves left ventricular function and reverses multiple pathological maladaptations in dogs with chronic heart failure
Authors: Sabbah Hani N. , Gupta Ramesh C. , Kohli Smita , Wang Mengjun , Zhang Kefei , Rastogi Sharad
Published: November 2014

Purpose

We tested the hypothesis that heart rate (HR) reduction with ivabradine (IVA) leads to reversal of structural, biochemical, and molecular maladaptations characteristic of the heart failure (HF) state. HR reduction with IVA has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function and clinical outcome in patients with HF.

Methods

Studies were performed in 16 HF dogs produced by intracoronary microembolizations [LV ejection fraction (EF) ~35%]. Dogs were randomized to 3‐month oral therapy with IVA (30 mg Bid, n = 8) or to no therapy (Control, n = 8). LV tissue was obtained from all dogs at the end of therapy and used for molecular, biochemical, and histological studies.

Results

Average 24‐h ambulatory Holter monitoring showed a significant decrease of HR in IVA‐treated dogs compared with controls. Compared with pre‐therapy, LV EF decreased at 3 months in controls (36 ± 1 vs. 32 ± 2%, P < 0.05) but increased significantly with IVA (40 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, P < 0.05). Treatment with IVA was associated with (i) improved LV diastolic function; (ii) increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity; (iii) decreased plasma levels of vasoactive neurohormones, natriuretic peptides, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines; (iv) normalization of messenger RNA gene expression of multiple signalling pathways; and (v) reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy.

Conclusion

In dogs with HF, HR reduction with IVA reversed many of the structural, biochemical, and molecular maladaptations characteristic of HF. The findings support the concept that HR reduction in HF can elicit benefits, albeit indirect, on a host of maladaptations implicated in the progressive worsening of the HF state.
MnO2/Graphene Nanocomposites for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Feng Xiaomiao , Zhang Yu , Song Juan , Chen Ningna , Zhou Jinhua , Huang Zhendong , Ma Yanwen , Zhang Lei , Wang Lianhui
Published: November 2014

MnO2/graphene nanocomposites with different morphologies were synthesized and the petal‐shaped nanosheet MnO2/graphene composite was developed as an electrode material for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The morphology, structure, composition, and hydrophilicity of the resulting products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the contact angle tests. In addition, the fabricated MnO2/graphene composites could be used as catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of H2O2. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments indicated that MnO2/graphene‐modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity towards both the oxidation and reduction of H2O2 in a neutral environment. Amperometric response results illustrated that this nonenzymatic sensor had excellent anti‐interference ability and displayed two linear ranges from 10 to 90 µM and from 0.2 to 0.9 mM with a detection limit of 2 µM.
Base planning on data to meet enrollment targets
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2014

Every year, Nova Scotia Community College meets its enrollment targets within 1 percent. Those targets are set by the government for funding. The key to that success is coordinated effort based on data review, said Sue Drapeau, business and planning consultant in the academic services division.
Composite of Coal‐Series Kaolinite and Capric–Lauric Acid as Form‐Stable Phase‐Change Material
Authors: Liu Songyang , Yang Huaming
Published: November 2014

A composite phase‐change material (PCM) consisting of a binary organic mixture of capric–lauric acid and coal‐series kaolinite (Kc) as was prepared by vacuum impregnation. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as intercalation agent to increase the interlayer Kc space, enhancing the storage energy density of the composite PCM. Capric (CA) and lauric (LA) acids were inserted into the interlayers of the Kc intercalation complexes (I‐Kc). The chemical structure and thermal properties of the composite PCM were characterized in detail. The thermal performance of the corresponding cement paste composite PCM panel was also evaluated. The latent heat of the CA–LA/I‐Kc was 42.36 J g−1 at a melting temperature of 16.96 °C at a CA–LA content of 36.93 %. The melting temperature of the composite PCM changed to −0.33 °C and the latent heat storage capacity to 0.22 J g−1 after one month of thermal cycling, which shows the excellent thermal reliability of the composite PCM and potential application for thermal energy storage in energy‐efficient buildings.
Multicontrast connectometry: A new tool to assess cerebellum alterations in early relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Romascano David , Meskaldji Djalel‐Eddine , Bonnier Guillaume , Simioni Samanta , Rotzinger David , Lin Ying‐Chia , Menegaz Gloria , Roche Alexis , Schluep Myriam , Pasquier Renaud Du , Richiardi Jonas , Van De Ville Dimitri , Daducci Alessandro , Sumpf Tilman , Fraham Jens , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Krueger Gunnar , Granziera Cristina
Published: November 2014

Background: Cerebellar pathology occurs in late multiple sclerosis (MS) but little is known about cerebellar changes during early disease stages. In this study, we propose a new multicontrast “connectometry” approach to assess the structural and functional integrity of cerebellar networks and connectivity in early MS. Methods: We used diffusion spectrum and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) to establish the structural and functional cerebellar connectomes in 28 early relapsing‐remitting MS patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). We performed multicontrast “connectometry” by quantifying multiple MRI parameters along the structural tracts (generalized fractional anisotropy‐GFA, T1/T2 relaxation times and magnetization transfer ratio) and functional connectivity measures. Subsequently, we assessed multivariate differences in local connections and network properties between MS and HC subjects; finally, we correlated detected alterations with lesion load, disease duration, and clinical scores. Results: In MS patients, a subset of structural connections showed quantitative MRI changes suggesting loss of axonal microstructure and integrity (increased T1 and decreased GFA, P < 0.05). These alterations highly correlated with motor, memory and attention in patients, but were independent of cerebellar lesion load and disease duration. Neither network organization nor rs‐fMRI abnormalities were observed at this early stage. Conclusion: Multicontrast cerebellar connectometry revealed subtle cerebellar alterations in MS patients, which were independent of conventional disease markers and highly correlated with patient function. Future work should assess the prognostic value of the observed damage. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1609–1619, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decision Thresholds and Changes in Risk for Preventive Treatment
Authors: Courbage Christophe , Rey Béatrice
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates the notion of treatment threshold for preventive treatment with potential side effects in the context of changes in risk. Changes in risk are defined by the concept of nth‐order stochastic dominance and concern the effectiveness of preventive treatment, side effects, severity of the potential disease, and comorbidity risk. The impact of a riskier environment on the probability of disease threshold above which the preferable decision is to undergo preventive treatment is shown to depend on both mixed risk averse individual preferences and the configuration of increase in risk considered. These results suggest that neglecting differences between risks when evaluating the treatment threshold is likely to lead to substantial errors in most cost‐benefit applications for preventive treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteogenic ability of Cu‐bearing stainless steel
Authors: Ren Ling , Wong Hoi Man , Yan Chun Hoi , Yeung Kelvin W.K. , Yang Ke
Published: November 2014

A newly developed copper‐bearing stainless steel (Cu‐SS) by directly immobilizing proper amount of Cu into a medical stainless steel (317L SS) during the metallurgical process could enable continuous release of trace amount of Cu2+ions, which play the key role to offer the multi‐biofunctions of the stainless steel, including the osteogenic ability in the present study. The results ofin vitroexperiments clearly demonstrated that Cu2+ions from Cu‐SS could promote the osteogenic differentiation by stimulating the Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and the osteogenic gene expressions (Col1a1, Opn, and Runx2), and enhancing the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts cultured on its surface. Thein vivotest further proved that more new bone tissue formed around the Cu‐SS implant with more stable bone‐to‐implant contact in comparison with the 317L SS. In addition, Cu‐SS showed satisfied biocompatibility according to the results ofin vitrocytotoxicity andin vivohistocompatibility, and its daily released amount of Cu2+ions in physiological saline solution was at trace level of ppb order (1.4 ppb/cm2), which is rather safe to human health. Apart from these results, it was also found that Cu‐SS could inhibit the happening of inflammation with lower TNF‐α expression in the bone tissue post implantation compared with 317L SS. In addition to good biocompatibility, the overall findings demonstrated that the Cu‐SS possessed obvious ability of promoting osteogenesis, indicating a unique application advantage in orthopedics. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1433–1444, 2015.