bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chrysomyxa abietis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Chrysomyxa abietis
(Wallr.) Unger. Hosts: spruce (Picea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Japan, USSR, Kazakh SSR, Kirgiz SSR, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, USSR, Latvia, Lithuania,? widespread in European, Russia.
Phaeoisariopsis bataticola
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phaeoisariopsis bataticola
(Cif. & Bruner) M.B. Ellis. Host: sweet potato (Ipomoea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Venezuela.
Pythium myriotylum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pythium myriotylum
Drechsler. Hosts: Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Medicago sativa, and many other tropical crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, ASIA, India, Indonesia, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Sabah, Sri Lanka, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales Old, WA Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu W., Samoa, EUROPE, Netherlands, NORTH AMERICA, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Dominica, Martinique, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil.
Guignardia musae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Guignardia musae
Racib. Host: Musa spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Congo, Zambia, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Mysore, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, West Irian (Neth. New Guinea), Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Am. & W., Solomon Islands, Tonga, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Dominican Republic, Jamaica St., Lucia.
Phomopsis cocoina
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phomopsis cocoina
(Cooke) Punith. Hosts: Cocos nucifera, Corypha umbraculifera. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, ASIA, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Guyana.
Tilletia ayresii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Tilletia ayresii
Berk. Hosts: Panicum maximum, Panicum spp., Setaria spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Congo (French Congo), Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali (French Sudan), Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Belgian Congo), Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Sri Lanka, CENTRAL AMERICA, Costa Rica, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Colombia.
Pythium acanthophoron
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pythium acanthophoron
Sideris. Hosts: Various. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Guangdong, India, Rajasthan, Japan, Philippines, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Vic., WA EUROPE, UK, England S., Scotland, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, HI.
Pythium erinaceum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pythium erinaceum
Robertson. Hosts: Triticum aestivum, Lupinus sp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand.
Dactuliochaeta glycines
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Dactuli ochaeta glycines
(R.B. Stewart) G.L. Hart man & J.B. Sinclair. Hosts: Glycine max, G. javanica. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, India, Kashmir, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia.
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
(Died.) Drechsler. Hosts: wheat (Triticum spp.) and other grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Zhejiang, India, Bihar, Iran, Israel, Japan, Nepal, Thailand, Turkey, USSR ,: N. Caucasus, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia ,: New South Wales, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, USSR, Byelorussia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Phyllachora acaciae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora acaciae
P. Henn. var. acaciae. Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, ASIA, South Yemen, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican, Honduras, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.
Anthonomus grandis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Anthonomus grandis
Boheman. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Attacks cotton,
Abutilon
spp.,
Hibiscus
spp.,
Thurberia thespesioides
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Central America and Caribbean, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, South America, Brazil, Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhao, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Paraguay, Venezuela.
Popillia japonica
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Popillia japonica
Newm. Col., Rutelidae, Japanese beetle. Attacks fruit trees, field, garden and nursery plants (adults on leaves, larvae on roots). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, China, Japan, Korea, USSR, Kurile Islands, North America, Canada, Quebec, Ontario, USA, Connecticut, New York, Georgia, Ohio, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Delaware, Rhode Island, Alabama, Maryland, Missouri.
Phyllophaga smithi
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllophaga smithi
(Arrow). Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae. Attacks sugarcane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Caribbean, Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago, Africa, Mauritius.
Epiphyas postvittana
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Epiphyas postvittana
(Walker). Lepidoptera: Tortricidae (light brown apple moth, apple leaf roller). Attacks pome and stone fruits,
Citrus
, grapevine, persimmon, raspberry, strawberry, blueberry. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, United Kingdom, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand.
Psila rosae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Psila rosae
(Fabricius). Diptera: Psilidae (carrot fly, carrot rust fly). Attacks carrot, parsnip, celery. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, CIS (former USSR), European CIS, Georgia, Latvia, Leningrad area, Russia, Amur region, Khabarovsk, Primorsk, Sakhalin, Ukraine, Asia, Mongolia, Australasia, New Zealand, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, USA, California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington.
Anastrepha obliqua
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Anastrepha obliqua
(Macquart). Diptera: Tephritidae (West Indian fruit fly). Attacks many fruits, notably
Spondias
spp., mango,
Eugenia
spp., guava, passionfruit, rarely
Citrus
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America, USA, Florida, Texas, Central America and Caribbean, Belize, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Marinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nevis, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.
Aleurocanthus spiniferus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Aleurocanthus spiniferus
(Quaintance). Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae (orange spiny whitefly). Attacks
Citrus
,
Rosa
, grape, persimmon, pear. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Mauritius, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Bihar, Karnakata, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea, Laos, Macao, Malaysia, Labuan Island, Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia and Pacifica Islands, Australia, Queensland, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii.
Aceria sheldoni
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Aceria sheldoni
(Ewing) Acarina: Eriophyidae (citrus bud mite). Attacks
Citrus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Crete, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Sicily, Spain, Yugoslavia, Asia, Cyprus, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, Syria, Turkey, Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Australia and Pacific Islands, Hawaiian Islands, North America, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil.
Cecidophyopsis ribis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Cecidophyopsis ribis
(Westwood). Acarina: Eriophyidae (black currant gall mite, black currant big bud mite, currant bud mite). Attacks
Ribes
spp. especially black currant. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, CIS (formerly USSR), Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia, Altai area, Karelia, Kursk, Leningrad region, Moscow, Murmansk, Primorskiy Kray, Sakhalin, Siberia, Asia, China, Heilongjiang, Australasia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, North America, Canada, British Columbia.
Rhagoletis cingulata
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Rhagoletis cingulata
(Loew). Diptera: Tephritidae (Eastern cherry fruit fly, North American cherry fruit fly). Attacks
Prunus cerasus, P. avium
and sometimes
P. serotina
and
P. mahaleb
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America, Canada, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Central America, Mexico.
Sternochetus frigidus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sternochetus frigidus
F. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (mango weevil). Attacks mango. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaya, Pakistan, Sabah, Thailand, Australasia and Pacific Islands, New Guinea.
Contarinia tritici
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Contarinia tritici
(Kirby) Diptera: Cecidomyiidae (lemon wheat blossom midge, yellow wheat gall midge). Attacks mainly wheat but occasionally recorded from other hosts, including barley, rye and couch-grass. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, CIS (formerly USSR), Russian SFSR, Bashkir, Irkutsk region, Smolensk region, Stavropol, Sverdlovsk region, Ukraine, Africa, Tunisia, Asia, China, Hubei, Iran, Israel, Japan, Australasia, New Zealand.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of triaxial woven fabric and its reinforced rubber composites on tear damage
Authors: Zhou Hongtao , Jiang Weijing , Zhou BIn , Zhao Lei , Li Guifu
Published: August 2021

In this article, the tear damage of triaxial woven fabric (TWF) and its reinforced rubber composites (TWFR) are investigated. Numerical simulation method for the yarn level is developed to predict the tear properties of samples with pre-cut in different directions, and the experiment method is used to verify the results of finite element analysis. It is analyzed that the changing law of tear load and the characteristics of tear failure during tear process. The results indicate that the load-displacement curve can be divided into low modulus region, high modulus region and shock region, which are related to initial stage, pre-cut opening stage and tear opening expansion stage the tear process of TWF and TWFR. When the pre-cut is parallel to the yarn, TWF and TWFR have higher tear load and larger tear starting position.
Signatures of the quantum nature of gravity in the differential motion of two masses
Authors: Datta Animesh , Miao Haixing
Published: August 2021

We show that a signature of the quantum nature of gravity is the quantum mechanical squeezing of the differential motion of two identical masses with respect to their common mode. This is because the gravitational interaction depends solely on the relative position of the two masses. In principle, this squeezing is equivalent to quantum entanglement between the masses. In practice, detecting the squeezing is more feasible than detecting the entanglement. To that end, we propose an optical interferometric scheme to falsify hypothetical models of gravity.
Peri-estrus ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables determine the uterine luminal fluid metabolome in beef heifers
Authors: Silva Felipe A C C , da Silva Gabriela F , Vieira Bruna S , Neto Adomar L , Rocha Cecilia C , Lo Turco Edson G , Nogueira Guilherme P , Pugliesi Guilherme , Binelli Mario
Published: August 2021

In cattle, uterine luminal fluid (ULF) is the main source of molecules that support embryo development and survival during the peri-implantation period. Our overarching hypothesis is that peri-estrus changes in uterine function, including ULF accumulation and absorption, are uneven among individuals, and affect ULF composition and fertility. Our objectives were (1) to characterize temporal and spatial changes in ULF volume, endometrial and luteal blood perfusion, endometrial and luteal size, and circulating progesterone concentrations during the peri-estrus period in beef heifers and (2) to associate such changes with the metabolite composition in the ULF, 4 days after estrus (d 0). Fourteen Bos indicus heifer that presented a PGF2α responsive CL received 500 μg PGF2α analog i.m. and were examined daily by rectal B-mode and pulse-wave color-Doppler ultrasonography until the fifth day after estrus (d 5). The composition of the ULF was analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry on d 4. Multivariate analyses clustered heifers according to ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables in clusters A (n = 5) and B (n = 8 heifers). Concentrations of Pro, Ala, Leu, Gly, Val, Lys, Ile, Phe, Asp, Orn, Tyr, Arg, Trp, Suc, Cit, ADMA, the sum of essential Amino Acids (AA), sum of nonessential AA, sum of aromatic AA, and total AA were greater in cluster A (FDR ≤ 0.05). ULF volume dynamics and uterine, ovarian, and hormonal variables during the peri-estrus period presented a concerted variation among heifers within clusters, which was associated with the ULF composition 4 days after estrus.
Overdominant Mutations Restrict Adaptive Loss of Heterozygosity at Linked Loci
Authors: Fisher Kaitlin J , Vignogna Ryan C , Lang Gregory I
Published: August 2021

Loss of heterozygosity is a common mode of adaptation in asexual diploid populations. Because mitotic recombination frequently extends the full length of a chromosome arm, the selective benefit of loss of heterozygosity may be constrained by linked heterozygous mutations. In a previous laboratory evolution experiment with diploid yeast, we frequently observed homozygous mutations in the WHI2 gene on the right arm of Chromosome XV. However, when heterozygous mutations arose in the STE4 gene, another common target on Chromosome XV, loss of heterozygosity at WHI2 was not observed. Here, we show that mutations at WHI2 are partially dominant and that mutations at STE4 are overdominant. We test whether beneficial heterozygous mutations at these two loci interfere with one another by measuring loss of heterozygosity at WHI2 over 1,000 generations for ∼300 populations that differed initially only at STE4 and WHI2. We show that the presence of an overdominant mutation in STE4 reduces, but does not eliminate, loss of heterozygosity at WHI2. By sequencing 40 evolved clones, we show that populations with linked overdominant and partially dominant mutations show less parallelism at the gene level, more varied evolutionary outcomes, and increased rates of aneuploidy. Our results show that the degree of dominance and the phasing of heterozygous beneficial mutations can constrain loss of heterozygosity along a chromosome arm, and that conflicts between partially dominant and overdominant mutations can affect evolutionary outcomes.
The Geometry of Bi-Perron Numbers with Real or Unimodular Galois Conjugates
Authors: Liechti Livio , Pankau Joshua
Published: August 2021

Among all bi-Perron numbers, we characterise those all of whose Galois conjugates are real or unimodular as the ones that admit a power that is the stretch factor of a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism arising from Thurston’s construction. This is in turn equivalent to admitting a power that is the spectral radius of a bipartite Coxeter transformation.
Voronoï Summation for Half-Integral Weight Automorphic Forms
Authors: Assing Edgar , Corbett Andrew
Published: August 2021

A general Voronoï summation formula for the (metaplectic) double cover of $\operatorname{GL}_2$ is derived via the representation theoretic framework à la Ichino–Templier. The identity is also formulated classically and used to establish Voronoï summation formulae for half-integral weight modular forms and Maaß forms.
Extracting social determinants of health from electronic health records using natural language processing: a systematic review
Authors: Patra Braja G , Sharma Mohit M , Vekaria Veer , Adekkanattu Prakash , Patterson Olga V , Glicksberg Benjamin , Lepow Lauren A , Ryu Euijung , Biernacka Joanna M , Furmanchuk Al’ona , George Thomas J , Hogan William , Wu Yonghui , Yang Xi , Bian Jiang , Weissman Myrna , Wickramaratne Priya , Mann J John , Olfson Mark , Campion Thomas R , Weiner Mark , Pathak Jyotishman
Published: August 2021

Objective

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are nonclinical dispositions that impact patient health risks and clinical outcomes. Leveraging SDoH in clinical decision-making can potentially improve diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. Despite increased interest in capturing SDoH in electronic health records (EHRs), such information is typically locked in unstructured clinical notes. Natural language processing (NLP) is the key technology to extract SDoH information from clinical text and expand its utility in patient care and research. This article presents a systematic review of the state-of-the-art NLP approaches and tools that focus on identifying and extracting SDoH data from unstructured clinical text in EHRs.

Materials and Methods

A broad literature search was conducted in February 2021 using 3 scholarly databases (ACL Anthology, PubMed, and Scopus) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 6402 publications were initially identified, and after applying the study inclusion criteria, 82 publications were selected for the final review.

Results

Smoking status (n = 27), substance use (n = 21), homelessness (n = 20), and alcohol use (n = 15) are the most frequently studied SDoH categories. Homelessness (n = 7) and other less-studied SDoH (eg, education, financial problems, social isolation and support, family problems) are mostly identified using rule-based approaches. In contrast, machine learning approaches are popular for identifying smoking status (n = 13), substance use (n = 9), and alcohol use (n = 9).

Conclusion

NLP offers significant potential to extract SDoH data from narrative clinical notes, which in turn can aid in the development of screening tools, risk prediction models, and clinical decision support systems.
Hybrid rye may replace up to 75% of the corn in diets for gestating and lactating sows without negatively impacting sow and piglet performance
Authors: McGhee Molly L , Stein Hans H
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that hybrid rye can replace a part of the corn in gestation and lactation diets without negatively affecting sow and litter performance. For each phase, a corn–soybean meal diet and three diets in which hybrid rye replaced 25%, 50%, or 75% of corn were formulated. Two hundred sows were randomly allotted by parity to the four treatments. Results indicated that diet did not affect body weight or average daily gain (ADG) of sows or number of pigs born. The number of pigs weaned, litter weaning weight, and litter ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye in diets increased. Pig mortality and number of crushed pigs tended (quadratic, P < 0.10) to be reduced as hybrid rye was added to the diet. Serum cytokines did not differ among treatments on day 105 of gestation or in pigs on the day of weaning, but interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-18 on day 13 of lactation increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased in diets. Milk urea N increased (linear, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye was included in the diet, but no other differences in milk composition were observed. Overall, replacing 25% or 50% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in improved lactation performance, and replacing 75% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in sow and litter performance that was not different from that of sows fed control diets.
Perspectives on Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Weed Management
Authors: Khadka Ram B , Cardina John , Miller Sally A
Published: August 2021

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a pre-plant soil modification method in which soil is amended with easily degradable organic matter followed by saturation with water and covering with plastic sheeting for several weeks to create anaerobic conditions. This process promotes stale seedbed conditions and encourages seed germination. In time, changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions kill the weed seeds and seedlings. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been used to suppress soilborne plant pathogens. Studies indicate that ASD can contribute to weed management in production systems where pesticides are not permitted or are economically prohibitive. Although most available literature focuses on plant pathogens, in this review we have consolidated the information on the efficacy of ASD for weed management, using examples from widely distributed weed species. We also pose a potential mechanism of action for weed seed mortality due to ASD treatment. Potential areas of research for refinement and validation of ASD for weed management for its broader adaptability have also been described. Finally, we elaborate on the potential of cover crop incorporation in ASD for weed management in specialty crops.
Unicentric Castleman disease in the mesentery with ambiguous symptoms: a rare case report
Authors: Kadoura Lama , Hamza Amr , Jobran Afnan W M , Habes Yousef Mahmoud Nimer , Agha Sarab , Alyousfi Rama , Ayoub Kusay
Published: August 2021

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare clinical entity characterized by enlarged lymph nodes. It may affect a single lymph node (unicentric) or multiple lymph nodes in the body (multicentric). However, it is exceptionally uncommon for unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) to present in the mesentery. Herein, we report a case of 38-year-old female complaining of polymenorrhea and abdominal discomfort for 4 months. Her past medical history was unremarkable; however, she has started smoking recently. The physical examination and radiography indicated a large, well-defined mass in the right hypochondrium. Eventually, the patient underwent laparotomy and the mass was excised totally. The Pathologic study confirmed the diagnosis as mesenteric CD, hyaline-vascular type. After 5 months of follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, this case underscores the importance of taking mesenteric CD into consideration in each patient who presents with solid abdominal mass or ambiguous abdominal discomfort.
Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Matsui Satoshi , Ono Hiroaki , Asano Daisuke , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Ueda Hiroki , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ogawa Kosuke , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru
Published: August 2021

In some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas, gastrointestinal hemorrhages occur, but because of the rarity of this condition, treatment strategies have not been established. A 71-year-old man who had undergone a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) went to a hospital in a state of shock. Computed tomography revealed a hypervascularized tumor in the head of the pancreas, suggesting metastatic RCC. Upper endoscopy revealed bleeding in the duodenum due to tumor invasion. An emergency angiogram showed that the tumor received its blood supply mainly from the gastroduodenal artery. Transarterial embolization (TAE) of the gastroduodenal artery was performed and bleeding was controlled. Two months after TAE, elective pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The patient currently continues to undergo outpatient follow-up 2 years later without recurrence. TAE was very effective in controlling the acute phase of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage from pancreatic metastasis of RCC.
Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis at a Boston Community Health Center
Authors: Marcus Julia L , Levine Kenneth , Sewell Whitney C , Solleveld Patricia , Mayer Kenneth H , Krakower Douglas S
Published: August 2021

Background

Efforts to end the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic may be threatened if limited preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) resources are funneled from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) to tenofovir alafenamide with emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) without proportional clinical benefits.

Methods

The study population was patients at a Boston community health center who were assigned male sex at birth, aged ≥18 years, and prescribed TDF/FTC for PrEP in the 12 months before TAF/FTC approval (October 2019). We determined the frequency of switching to TAF/FTC in the 12 months after approval, including clinically indicated switching (ie, creatinine clearance <60 mL/minute or reduced bone density), potentially unnecessary switching (ie, no indications for switching and no cardiovascular risk factors), and potentially harmful switching (ie, no indications for switching and either obesity or dyslipidemia).

Results

Of 2892 TDF/FTC users, mean age was 38 years, 96.0% were cisgender men, and 78.9% were white. A total of 343 (11.9%) switched to TAF/FTC. Based on documented renal, bone, and cardiovascular risk factors, we identified 24 (7.0%) with clinically indicated switching, 271 (79.0%) with potentially unnecessary switching, and 48 (14.0%) with potentially harmful switching. When indications for switching additionally included hypertension, diabetes, and creatinine clearance 60–70 mL/minute, 27.1% of switching was clinically indicated.

Conclusions

Few who switched to TAF/FTC had documented indications for switching, although some appear to have been switched in anticipation of indications developing. As generic TDF/FTC is further discounted, provider education and patient decision aids are needed to facilitate selection of PrEP medications that is both clinically sound and cost-effective.
The Impact of Aberrant Data Variability on Drug–Placebo Separation and Drug/Placebo Response in an Acute Schizophrenia Clinical Trial
Authors: Kott Alan , Brannan Stephen , Wang Xingmei , Daniel David
Published: August 2021

Objective

In the current posthoc analyses, we evaluated the impact of markers of aberrant data variability on drug placebo separation and placebo and drug response in an acute schizophrenia clinical trial.

Methods

Positive and negative syndrome scale data were obtained from a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial in hospitalized adults with schizophrenia experiencing an acute exacerbation. We assessed the impact of a total of six markers of aberrant data variability: erratic ratings, unusually large postbaseline improvement, high and low mean square successive difference (MSSD), identical and nearly identical ratings and compared the drug placebo difference, drug and treatment response at last visit in affected subjects vs those not affected. All analyses were conducted using generalized linear models.

Results

In this posthoc analysis, drug placebo separation decreased with the presence of most markers of aberrant data variability. The only exception was high MSSD was associated with significant increase in the signal. In the affected subjects, the presence of indicators of increased data variability augmented the response to placebo, in the case of large postbaseline change and high MSSD, significantly. The presence of indicators of decreased variability numerically but not statistically decreased the response to placebo. Similar findings were observed in the drug treatment group with the exception of erratic ratings that numerically but not statistically decreased the response to the drug.

Discussion

The presence of most indicators of aberrant data variability had a detrimental effect on drug-placebo separation and showed different effects on placebo and treatment response.
LncRNA DUXAP10 Upregulation and the Hedgehog Pathway Activation Are Critically Involved in Chronic Cadmium Exposure-Induced Cancer Stem Cell-Like Property
Authors: Lin Hsuan-Pei , Wang Zhishan , Yang Chengfeng
Published: August 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known lung carcinogen. However, the mechanism of Cd carcinogenesis remains to be clearly defined. Cd has been shown to act as a weak mutagen, suggesting that it may exert tumorigenic effect through nongenotoxic ways, such as epigenetic mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length but lack protein-coding capacities. Regulation of gene expressions by lncRNAs is considered as one of important epigenetic mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cd carcinogenesis focusing on the role of lncRNA dysregulations. Cd-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelia BEAS-2B cells was accomplished by a 9-month low-dose Cd (CdCl2, 2.5 µM) exposure. The Cd-exposed cells formed significantly more colonies in soft agar, displayed cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property, and formed tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, chronic low-dose Cd exposure did not cause significant genotoxic effects but dysregulated lncRNA expressions. Further Q-PCR analysis confirmed the significant upregulation of the oncogenic lncRNA DUXAP10 in Cd-transformed cells. DUXAP10 knockdown in Cd-transformed cells significantly reduced their CSC-like property. Further mechanistic studies showed that the Hedgehog pathway is activated in Cd-transformed cells and inhibition of this pathway reduces Cd-induced CSC-like property. DUXAP10 knockdown caused the Hedgehog pathway inactivation in Cd-transformed cells. Furthermore, Pax6 expression was upregulated in Cd-transformed cells and Pax6 knockdown significantly reduced their DUXAP10 levels and CSC-like property. In summary, these findings suggest that the lncRNA DUXAP10 upregulation may play an important role in Cd carcinogenesis.
Total Vaginal Hysterectomy With Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Compared With Supracervical Hysterectomy With Sacrocervicopexy for Uterovaginal Prolapse
Authors: Giugale Lauren E. , Melnyk Alexandra I. , Ruppert Kristine M. , Napoe Gnankang S. , Lavelle Erin S. , Bradley Megan S.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To compare prolapse recurrence after total vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension to recurrence after supracervical hysterectomy with mesh sacrocervicopexy for the primary management of uterovaginal prolapse.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing uterovaginal prolapse repair at an academic center from 2009 to 2019. Women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension or laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with mesh sacrocervicopexy were included. The primary outcome was composite prolapse recurrence (prolapse beyond the hymen or retreatment with pessary or surgery). Secondary outcomes included mesh complications, time to recurrence, and overall reoperation for either prolapse recurrence or mesh complication. We used propensity scoring with a 2:1 ratio of sacrocervicopexy to uterosacral suspension.

RESULTS:

The cohort consisted of 654 patients, of whom 228 (34.9%) underwent uterosacral suspension and 426 (65.1%) underwent sacrocervicopexy. The median follow-up was longer for the sacrocervicopexy group (230 vs 126 days, P<.001) and less than 1 year for both groups. The uterosacral group had a greater proportion of composite prolapse recurrence (14.9% [34/228] vs 8.7% [37/426], P=.02) and retreatment for recurrent prolapse (7.5% [17/228] vs 2.8% [12/426], P=.02). The uterosacral group demonstrated a shorter time to prolapse recurrence on multivariable Cox regression (hazard ratio 3.14, 95% CI 1.90–5.16). There were 14 (3.3%) mesh complications in the sacrocervicopexy group. Overall reoperation was similar between groups (4.8% [11/228] vs 3.8% [16/426], P=.51).

CONCLUSION:

Total vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension was associated with higher rate of, and shorter time-to-prolapse recurrence compared with supracervical hysterectomy with mesh sacrocervicopexy.
Intrauterine Adhesions After Chlamydia Infection With a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device in Place
Authors: Schaub Amelia M. , Pisarska Margareta D. , Wright Kelly N.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about the long-term reproductive effects of pelvic infection when a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is in situ. Society guidelines do not recommend removing an LNG-IUD during pelvic infection.

CASE:

A 37-year-old woman presented with primary infertility, and the only contributing factor was intrauterine adhesions in the shape of an IUD. She was known to previously have an LNG-IUD and was treated for asymptomatic chlamydia infection while the IUD was in place. After lysis of adhesions, she successfully conceived spontaneously.

CONCLUSION:

Data on long-term reproductive effects of pelvic infection with an LNG-IUD in situ are not available, and there may be consequences affecting the intrauterine milieu requiring further studies and potential counseling.
What is the Interobserver Reliability of an Ultrasound-enhanced Physical Examination of the Hip in Infants? A Prospective Study on the Ease of Acquiring Skills to Diagnose Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Jejurikar Neha , Moscona-Mishy León , Rubio Mónica , Cavallaro Romina , Castañeda Pablo
Published: August 2021

Background

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common disorder found in newborns. The consequences of DDH can be mitigated with early diagnosis and nonoperative treatment, but existing approaches do not address the current training deficit in making an early diagnosis.

Question/purpose

Can ultrasound be taught to and used reliably by different providers to identify DDH in neonates?

Methods

This was a prospective observational study of a series of neonates referred for an evaluation of their hips. An experienced clinician trained three second examiners (a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon, an orthopaedic resident, and a pediatrician) in performing an ultrasound-enhanced physical examination. The 2-hour training process included video and clinical didactic sessions aimed to teach examiners to differentiate between stable and unstable hips in newborns using ultrasound. The experienced clinician was a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon who uses ultrasound regularly in clinical practice. Materials required for training include one ultrasound device. A total of 227 infants (454 hips) were examined by one of the three second examiners and the experienced clinician (gold standard) to assess reliability. Of the 454 hips reviewed, there were 18 dislocations, 24 unstable hips, and 63 dysplastic hips, and the remainder had normal findings. The cohort was composed of a series of patients younger than 6 months referred to a specialty pediatric orthopaedic practice.

Results

Ultrasound-enhanced physical examination of the hip was easily taught, and the results were reliable among different levels of providers. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the gold-standard examiner and the other examiners for all hips was 0.915 (p = 0.001). When adjusting for only the binary outcome of normal versus abnormal hips, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (p = 0.001). Thus, the agreement between learners and the experienced examiner was very high after learners completed the course.

Conclusion

After a 2-hour course, physicians were able to understand and reliably examine neonatal children using ultrasound to assess for DDH. The success of the didactic approach outlined in this study supports the need for ultrasound-enhanced examination training for the diagnosis of DDH in orthopaedic surgery and pediatric residency core curriculums. Training programs would best be supported through established residency programs. Expansion of training more residents in the use of ultrasound-enhanced physical examinations would require a study to determine its efficacy. This finding highlights the need for further research in implementing ultrasound-enhanced physical examinations on a broader scale.

Level of Evidence

Level II, diagnostic study.
The clinical features and prognostic outcomes of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumors
Authors: Qin Li , Zhu Menglin , Wang Tiejun , Wang Hongli , Pan Qin , He Du
Published: August 2021

Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumors (PMYSTs) are a rare occurrence. As such, the clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis, of this disease still remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to provide further information relating to this rare malignancy in order to facilitate the creation of more specific clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PMYSTs.

In this retrospective study, we recruited 15 patients who had been diagnosed with PMYST from four medical institutions to create a population-based cohort. We then used Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test to investigate and compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

A total of 15 cases were identified. The mean age was 27.3 years (range: 19–34 years). The estimated 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 66.7% and 60.0%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were both 73.3%. Computer tomography scans revealed tumors were located in the anterior middle mediastinum (5 cases), the anterior superior mediastinum (1 case), the left anterior mediastinum (3 cases), and the right anterior mediastinum (6 cases). Of the 15 patients receiving extended resections, the majority (40.0%) underwent tumor resection, partial pericardiotomy, pulmonary wedge resection, and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. R0 resections were achieved in eleven patients. Four patients underwent R2 resection and experienced postoperative complications, including pneumonia (2 cases), atelectasis (1 case), and bronchopleural fistula (1 case). Four patients developed postoperative lung metastasis. Three patients died due to progressive diseases. Disease recurred in all patients at a median of 8.0 months (range: 6.0–11.0 months).

PMYST is a rare but highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Tumor resection, with optimal extended surgical management, may provide patients with the best chance of a cure although postoperative complications relating to the pulmonary systems should be treated with caution.
Effects of depth of neuromuscular blockade on the BIS-guided propofol requirement
Authors: Nam Sun Woo , Oh Ah-Young , Koo Bon-Wook , Kim Bo Young , Han Jiwon , Chung Sung Hoon
Published: August 2021

Background:

Deep neuromuscular blockade is considered beneficial for improving the surgical space condition during laparoscopic surgery. Adequacy of the surgical space condition may affect the anesthetists’ decision regarding titration of depth of anesthesia. We investigated whether deep neuromuscular blockade reduces the propofol requirement under bispectral index monitoring compared to moderate neuromuscular blockade.

Methods:

Adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomly allocated to a moderate or deep group. A train-of-four count of 1–2 in the moderate group, and a post-tetanic count of 1–2 in the deep group, were maintained by continuous infusion of rocuronium. The induction and maintenance of anesthesia were achieved by target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. The dose of propofol was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index in the range of 40–50. The remifentanil dose was titrated to maintain the systolic blood pressure to within 20% of the ward values.

Results:

A total of 82 patients were included in the analyses. The mean±SD dose of propofol was 7.54 ± 1.66 and 7.42 ± 1.01 mg·kg−1·h−1 in the moderate and deep groups, respectively (P = .104). The mean±SD dose of remifentanil was 4.84 ± 1.74 and 4.79 ± 1.77 μg kg−1 h−1 in the moderate and deep groups, respectively (P = .688). In comparison to the moderate group, the deep group showed significantly lower rates of intraoperative patient movement (42.9% vs 22.5%, respectively, P = .050) and additional neuromuscular blocking agent administration (76% vs 53%, respectively, P = .007). Postoperative complications, including pulmonary complications, wound problems and reoperation, were not different between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Deep neuromuscular blockade did not reduce the bispectral index-guided propofol requirement compared to moderate neuromuscular blockade during laparoscopic colon surgery, despite reducing movement of the patient and the requirement for a rescue neuromuscular blocking agent.

Trial registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03890406)
Esophageal Wound Vacuum Placement for Anastomotic Leak: Lessons Learned From First Time Use at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Glait Megan , Wong Jonathan , Krasaelap Amornluck , Wagner Amy , Lal Dave , Schneider John , Lerner Diana
Published: August 2021

Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are rare birth anomalies typically requiring corrective surgery over the first few months of life. Esophageal surgery can lead to a life-threatening anastomotic leak. Esophageal wound vacuums have seen increased use in adults and one cohort of children as a therapeutic modality. This case study explores a tertiary care pediatric hospital’s introductory experience in utilizing this technique. A 19-month-old male underwent staged repair for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula requiring an esophageal stricture resection with primary anastomosis. An anastomotic leak was successfully managed with wound vacuums. Our experiences highlighted the need for individualized treatment plans with this therapy based on feeding capabilities, side effects of the vacuum, placement method, and replacement strategies.