bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ГОРЕНИЯ БИОУГЛЕЙ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОЙ КАРБОНИЗАЦИЕЙ И ТОРРЕФИКАЦИЕЙ ОПИЛА
Authors: ПУДОВА Я.Д. , КРЫСАНОВА К.О.
Published: October 2024

Исследовано влияние температурных режимов термохимической обработки (гидротермальной карбонизации и торрефикации) опила лиственных пород на свойства биоуглей и характеристики процесса их горения. Рассмотрены массовые выходы биоугля с точки зрения протекающих при термохимической обработке процессов, а также изменение элементного состава в результате этих процессов. Определены оптимальный способ и температурный режим термохимической обработки. Методом ИК-Фурье спектроскопии, совмещенной с термогравиметрическим анализом, выявлено влияние способа и температуры термохимической обработки опила на состав газообразных продуктов горения биоуглей. Обнаружены две основные стадии горения биоуглей - фаза удаления и сжигания летучих веществ (до 400 °С) и фаза сжигания полукокса (после 400 °С). Проведенный в процессе горения ИК-Фурье-анализ позволил определить выделяющиеся компоненты газовой смеси и наблюдать процессы термохимического распада компонентов биоугля в режиме реального времени. Исследование горения биоуглей показало, что повышение температуры обработки опила снижает образование газообразных продуктов на первой стадии горения и способствует росту количества диоксида углерода на второй стадии.

The effect of the temperature regimes of hardwood sawdust thermochemical treatment (hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction) on biochar properties and combustion characteristics are investigated. The mass yields of biochars were considered from the viewpoint of the processes that take place during thermochemical treatment, along with the changes in the elemental composition resulting from these processes. The optimal method and temperature regime of thermochemical treatment were determined. The effect of the method and temperature of sawdust thermochemical treatment on the composition of gaseous products from biochar combustion was assessed by FTIR spectroscopy combined with thermogravimetric analysis. Two main stages of biochar combustion were detected: the phase of removal and combustion of volatile substances (up to 400 °C) and the phase of semi-coke combustion (above 400 °C). The analysis carried out by means of FTIR spectroscopy during combustion allowed us to determine the released components of the gaseous mixture and to observe thermochemical decomposition of biochar components in the real time mode. Investigation of biochar combustion showed that an increase in sawdust processing temperature reduces the formation of gaseous products at the first stage of combustion and promotes an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide at the second stage.
The Early State's Structures in Lithuania in the 13th - beginning of the 15th Centuries
Authors: Petrauskas Rimvydas
Published: October 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird das Werden des früheren litauischen Staatsgebildes als ein Prozess der Herausbildung und der Intensivierung der politischen-administrativen Strukturen verstanden. So gesehen, erweist sich die Entstehung des litauischen Reiches als ein ungleichmäßig verlaufender Vorgang, bei dem die Modernisierungsschübe von den Rückfällen begleitet wurden.
Die vergleichende europäische Geschichte beweist, dass die Änderungen in der Verfassung der west- und ostmitteleuropäischen Länder erst während des späteren Mittelalters stattfanden. Die Hauptmerkmale dieser Entwicklung waren: 1) die Entstehung des Konzeptes der Rechte des Landesherrschers auf das ganze Territorium des Landes („domini / haeres naturales“); 2) die Rezeption des Regalienrechtes; 3) die Bildung der territorialen Organisation; 4) die Formierung des institutionellen Hofes und des Amtersystems.
Ein heterogenes politisches System blieb im Großfürstentum Litauen bis zur Vytautas-Zeit (1392-1430) bestehen, als dieser Großfürst im Anschluss an westeuropäische Beispiele eine neue territoriale und administrative Struktur zu bauen begann. Jetzt, als nach der Einführung des Christentums die andauernde politische Isolierung Litauens zu Ende ging, entstanden die Bedingungen, Reformen durchzuführen, die sich mit der fortschreitenden Territorialisierung und Verwaltungsausbau offenbarten.
Während des 15. Jahrhunderts ist hier eine neue Institutionskultur erschienen. Eine wichtige Rolle im Laufe dieser Reformen hat der neu gegründete institutionelle Hof des Großfürsten gespielt.
In der frühen Geschichte Litauens können wir nicht vermeintlich allmähliche Steigerung der großfürstlichen Macht beobachten, sondern eher bestimmte Zeitabschnitte unterscheiden, in denen es den einzelnen Herrschern (etwa Mindaugas, Gediminas oder Vytautas) gelang, den Hochadel um sich zusammenzuziehen und die Veränderungen im Herrschaftssystem anzuregen. So ging die Bildung der staatlichen Organisation bzw. der Prozess der inneren Konsolidierung des Landes und der Modernisierung der politischen Institutionen voran, an dem die großfürstliche Dynastie und der Adel gleichermaßen beteiligt waren.
Statement of the Superintendent (Zeughausverwalter) of Biržai Castle's Arsenal for the Inspectors in 1686 and their Answer
Authors: Gudavičius Edvardas
Published: October 2024

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International Conference for the 425th Anniversary of Vilnius University
Authors: Bumblauskas Alfredas
Published: October 2024

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History as expression of values or right to freedom? The estimation of on independant historian
Authors: Pocius Kasparas
Published: October 2024

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On the Insignia of the Grand Duke
Authors: Raila Eligijus
Published: October 2024

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Leaving Against Medical Advice From Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey I. , Tolliver Destiny G. , He Yuan , Wang Rita Y. , Shapiro Joseph , Shanahan Kristen , Mell Anthony , Luercio Marcella , Shah Snehal N. , Hall Matt , Goel Anuj K. , Melvin Patrice , Ward Valerie L. , Berry Jay
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Leaving the hospital against medical advice (AMA) reflects a breakdown in the family-clinician relationship and creates ethical dilemmas in inpatient pediatric care. There are no national data on frequency or characteristics of leaving AMA from US children’s hospitals.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospital discharges for children under 18 years old from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 in 43 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. The primary outcome was leaving AMA. Exposures were demographic, geographic, and clinical characteristics. We used multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models to assess independent factors associated with leaving AMA and all-cause 14-day hospital readmission.

RESULTS

Among 3 672 243 included inpatient encounters, 2972 (0.08%) ended in leaving AMA. Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, non-Hispanic Black patients had higher odds of leaving AMA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.44]), whereas Hispanic patients (aOR 0.66 [95% CI 0.59–0.75]) had lower odds of leaving AMA. Hospitalizations for patients with noncommercial insurance were more likely to end in leaving AMA. Leaving AMA was associated with increased odds of 14-day inpatient readmission (aOR 1.41 [95% CI 1.24–1.61]) compared with patients who did not leave AMA. There was substantial interhospital variability in standardized rates of leaving AMA (range 0.18–2.14 discharges per 1000 inpatient encounters).

CONCLUSIONS

Approximately 1 in 1235 inpatient encounters ended in leaving AMA. Non-Hispanic Black patients had increased odds of leaving AMA. Leaving AMA was associated with increased odds of 14-day readmission.
On some mixtures of the Kies distribution
Authors: Zaevski Tsvetelin , Kyurkchiev Nikolay
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore some mixtures, discrete and continuous, based on the Kies distribution. Some conditions for convergence are established. We study the probabilistic properties of these mixtures. Special attention is taken to the so-called Hausdorff saturation. Several models are examined in detail -- bimodal, multimodal, and mixtures based on binomial, geometric, exponential, gamma, and beta distributions. We provide some numerical experiments for real-life tasks -- one for the Standard and Poor's 500 financial index and another for unemployment insurance issues. In addition, we check the consistency of the proposed estimator using generated data of different sizes.
Sabana Wetlands in Quintana Roo, Mexico: What We Know and What We Don’t
Authors: Cejudo Eduardo , Ortiz Aguilar Wendy , Zapotecas-Tetla Pedro , Ortega Camacho Daniela
Published: October 2024

Locally called “sabanas” are a group of herbaceous karst wetlands in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) that form in exokarstic solution depressions. They are groundwaterdependent ecosystems ranging from permanently to seasonally flooded and dominated by plants from the family Cyperaceae. In this paper, we briefly summarize most of the knowledge regarding these wetlands, highlighting some recent findings obtained from our study of a sabana wetland - La Esperanza in Quintana Roo, Mexico. We also identify areas that require attention in order to generate the basic knowledge necessary to properly evaluate their ecosystem services
Tropical Wooded Peatland in Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela
Authors: Marrero Críspulo , Rodríguez-Olarte Douglas , Canelón Daniela , Antonucci Franco , Niño Miguel
Published: October 2024

Reconnaissance on edaphological and biological aspects was carried out in a peatland forest near the town of Piacoa in Delta Amacuro State, southeastern Venezuela. Thirteen peat samples were taken in a stratigraphic transect, using Ramsar peat extraction and analysis protocol to study tropical peatlands. Physicochemical parameters were characterized with basic laboratory analysis: color according to the Munsell scale, relative humidity, solubility in water, specific density, pH, conductivity, percentage of organic carbon and percentage of organic matter. Rapid ecological evaluation of vegetation and ichthyofauna associated with aquatic bodies was carried out. Part of a large extension of Orinoco peatlands in delta region, the study area is a marshy wetland which, according to the Ramsar classification, qualifies as forested peatlands (Xp category). Paleoclimatic, palynological and edaphological information in the literature indicates that the peatlands were formed during Holocene processes of marine transgression that occupied settling basins and lowlands where the vegetation was not very different from the current one. Samples collected at different depths (0 to 220cm) clearly show horizons with two color tones: one dark or black (associated with a good surface aeration), and a yellowish brown or brown, associated with an absence or little amount of oxygen as it goes deeper. The pH values decrease with depth (4.25 at the top and 3.9 or 3.5 at depth). The peat has a high water retention that ranges between 60% and 83%. Vegetation in the wetland is diverse: 31 species of plants within 14 families that include tree, shrub and hydrophilic grassland vegetation were identified. In associated water bodies, 41 species of fish grouped within 27 families were found
Cost-Effective Wetland Risk Assessment for Ramsar Site Management in Southern Mexico
Authors: Lobato-de Magalhães Tatiana , Barba Everardo , Infante Mata Dulce
Published: October 2024

Despite wetlands are increasingly threatened by human land-use transformation and degradation, there is a lack of rapid, low-cost, and effective methods to assess and manage risks. Here we demonstrate and propose the use of ad-hoc consultation and directional surveys to assess the wetland risk severity, probability, and consequences for three Southern Mexico Ramsar sites. We compiled wetland functionalities and risks from the scientific literature and Ramsar Information Sheet for each of the 41 Southern Mexico Ramsar sites, then we create a list of relevant wetland functions and risks. To reduce variables (functions and risks) as well as to choose the focal sites, we used principal components analysis (PCAs). To prioritize risks based on the experts’ opinions (96 regional wetland scientists) we applied Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) procedures. Our findings indicate climate change and drought as high risk for all studied wetlands. Agriculture and livestock were highly significant to the Pantanos de Centla coastal wetand area while María Eugenia highland wetlands have been more affected by urbanization and wastewater effluents. This methodology proved to be a cost-effective and timely approach to inform first-steps to decision-makers on risk identification, wetland management, and conservation planning at landscape-scale. This approach could mitigate the lack of funds designated to conservation and risk analysis for wetlands, which is a further issue in several developing countries, including Mexico.
Self-Supervised Learning for Feature Extraction from Glomerular Images and Disease Classification with Minimal Annotations
Authors: Abe Masatoshi , Niioka Hirohiko , Matsumoto Ayumi , Katsuma Yusuke , Imai Atsuhiro , Okushima Hiroki , Ozaki Shingo , Fujii Naohiko , Oka Kazumasa , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Inoue Kazunori , Isaka Yoshitaka , Matsui Isao
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Self-supervised learning extracts meaningful glomerular features without teacher labels.

Self-distillation with no labels–pretrained model outperformed conventional supervised learning in disease and clinical parameter classification.

Self-distillation with no labels model enabled deep learning on small datasets, reducing annotation efforts.

Background

Deep learning has great potential in digital kidney pathology. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the availability of extensively labeled datasets, which are often limited because of the specialized knowledge and time required for their creation. This limitation hinders the widespread application of deep learning for the analysis of kidney biopsy images.

Methods

We applied self-distillation with no labels (DINO), a self-supervised learning method, to a dataset of 10,423 glomerular images obtained from 384 periodic acid–Schiff-stained kidney biopsy slides. Glomerular features extracted from the DINO-pretrained backbone were visualized using principal component analysis. We then performed classification tasks by adding either k-nearest neighbor classifiers or linear head layers to the DINO-pretrained or ImageNet-pretrained backbones. These models were trained on our labeled classification dataset. Performance was evaluated using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). The classification tasks encompassed four disease categories (minimal change disease, mesangial proliferative GN, membranous nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and clinical parameters such as hypertension, proteinuria, and hematuria.

Results

Principal component analysis visualization revealed distinct principal components corresponding to different glomerular structures, demonstrating the capability of the DINO-pretrained backbone to capture morphologic features. In disease classification, the DINO-pretrained transferred model (ROC-AUC=0.93) outperformed the ImageNet-pretrained fine-tuned model (ROC-AUC=0.89). When the labeled data were limited, the ImageNet-pretrained fine-tuned model's ROC-AUC dropped to 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.80), whereas the DINO-pretrained transferred model maintained superior performance (ROC-AUC, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.90). The DINO-pretrained transferred model also exhibited higher AUCs for the classification of several clinical parameters. External validation using two independent datasets confirmed DINO pretraining's superiority, particularly when labeled data were limited.

Conclusions

The application of DINO to unlabeled periodic acid–Schiff-stained glomerular images facilitated the extraction of histologic features that could be effectively used for disease classification.
Deriving and processing experiencer subject causatives
Authors: Asami Daiki
Published: October 2024

This paper examines experiencer subject causatives in Japanese, where the animate subject functions as an experiencer rather than an agent (e.g., Taro-ga kyoohuu- de boosi-o tob-asi-ta ’Taro’s cap got blown off on him due to the strong wind’). The paper is divided into two parts: formal and experimental. In the first part, adopting the functional head Affect (Bosse et al. 2012), I propose that the experiencer subject merges with the Spec of AffectP, which is positioned between the causing-event-introducing CauseP and the semantically contentless expletive VoiceP (i.e., CauseP < AffectP < expletive VoiceP). To account for the possessor–possessum relationship between the subject and object, I argue for a pragmatic analysis over potential syntactic alternatives. Additionally, I adopt the view that each lexical entry contains syntactic structures to explain lexical idiosyncrasies. My proposal comprehensively captures the key aspects of experiencer subject causatives. I further claim that the inanimate causer adjunct (e.g., kaze-de ’due to the wind’) adjoins to CauseP, positioned above VP, which introduces the theme (e.g., boosi-o ’his cap’). The second section reports on a sentence-processing experiment designed to distinguish between the proposed high-causer analysis and the alternative low-causer analysis, where the causer is located below the theme. The results reveal that the theme–causer order takes longer to process than the causer–theme order, lending support to the high-causer analysis. These findings provide insight into the long-standing issue regarding the syntactic position of inanimate causers.
Jemen: Quo vadis? (1. rész)
Authors: Tomolya János
Published: October 2024

Jement az ókorban Boldog Arábiának hívták. Ma, ez az ország polgárháborútól, éhínségtől, járványoktól szenved. Az évek óta tartó válság a világ legnagyobb éhínségének kitörésével fenyeget, otthonok, iskolák, kórházak lerombolását eredményezte egy amúgy is szegény országban. Külföldi hatalmak fegyveres beavatkozása Jement még mélyebb káoszba taszította, és mára felmerült a konfliktus regionális háborúvá válásának veszélye is. Az állandósult hatalmi vákuum lehetőséget adott az al-Kaida és az Iszlám Állam terroristáinak az országon belüli terjeszkedésre. Az iráni támogatású húszi lázadók házilag készített robbanó eszközök (IED) mellett harcászati rakétákat is bevetettek a szaúdiak ellen. A nemzetközi közösség megosztott a válság tekintetében, ezért gyors megoldásra nem lehet számítani.
Az energetikai rendszereket érintő nemzetközi környezetbiztonsági szabályozás értékelése - I. rész
Authors: Bognár Balázs , Cimer Zsolt , Kátai-Urbán Lajos , Sibalin Iván
Published: October 2024

Az energetikai rendszerek biztonságos működtetése a XXI. század egyik legnagyobb környezetvédelmi kihívása. Mivel e rendszerekben bekövetkezett rendkívüli események, működtetésükkel összefüggésben keletkezett káros hatások gyakran több országra kiterjedő következményekkel járnak, szükségessé vált a biztonságos üzemeltetés nemzetközi szintű szabályozásának harmonizálása és egységesítése. Az energetikai rendszerek működése fokozott veszéllyel járó tevékenységnek minősül, amelyre az általánostól eltérő kárfelelősségi szabályok vonatkoznak. A szerzők a cikksorozatuk első részében értékelik a környezeti károk nemzetközi felelősségi szabályait.
Az energetikai rendszereket érintő nemzetközi környezetbiztonsági szabályozás értékelése - II. rész
Authors: Bognár Balázs , Cimer Zsolt , Kátai-Urbán Lajos , Sibalin Iván
Published: October 2024

Az energetikai rendszerek biztonságos működtetése a XXI. század egyik legnagyobb környezetvédelmi kihívása. Mivel az e rendszerekben bekövetkezett balesetek, működtetésükkel összefüggésben keletkezett káros hatások gyakran több országra kiterjedő következményekkel járnak, szükségessé vált a biztonságos üzemeltetés nemzetközi szintű szabályozásának harmonizálása, egységesítése. A cikksorozat első részében a szerzők értékelték a környezeti károk nemzetközi felelősségi szabályait, e tanulmányban pedig rámutatnak azokra a hiátusokra, amelyek napjainkban jellemzik az energetikai rendszerek nemzetközi - legfőképp környezetvédelmi - jogi szabályozását.
Keresztények helyzete a MENA térségben
Authors: Kis-Benedek József
Published: October 2024

A Közel-Kelet és Észak-Afrika (MENA térség) nemcsak a kereszténység, hanem másik két vallás a judaizmus és az iszlám bölcsője is. A közös eredet ellenére a legnagyobb nyomás a kereszténységen van. A Közel-Keleten és Észak-Afrikában a keresztény közösségek mindenütt kisebbségben vannak. A keresztények helyzetét vizsgálva ugyanakkor az is megállapítható, hogy az egyes országok jelentős eltérést mutatnak. A közösség ezzel tisztában van, éppen ezért érzékelhető köreikben, hogy egyre inkább elveszítik a jövőbe vetett bizalmukat. Az arab világban egyre terjedő iszlám vallás, a társadalmi és gazdasági válságok, a vallásháborúk súlyosbítják a helyzetet.
Gondolatok a 21. századi biztonságról, államról, védelemről
Authors: Farkas Ádám
Published: October 2024

Jelen tanulmány célja a 21. század biztonságát, államát és annak védelmét egy kicsit újszerű, a multidiszciplináris megközelítésen belül a társadalomtudományokra jobban nyitó megközelítésben megvizsgálni. A szerző álláspontja szerint ez a megközelítés még inkább alátámasztja, hogy szükséges az állam védelmének megerősítése. Ennek megalapozásához áttekinti az új típusú biztonsági kihívások jellemzőit, a társadalmak kitettségét a fejlődésnek, valamint mindezek sérülékenységét.
Relações entre as Habilidades de Consciência Fonológica, Fonêmica e Conhecimento de Letras, Associadas a um Programa de Instrução Fônica, Sobre o Desempenho em Leitura e Escrita
Authors: Di Agustini Solange de Fátima Andreassa , Maluf Maria Regina
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investigou as relações entre a consciência fonológica, fonêmica e letras quando associadas à instrução fônica explícita, sobre o desempenho em leitura e escrita de crianças de 1º, 2º e 3º anos. Delineamento quase-experimental em três etapas, pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste. Os participantes foram 48 alunos (Midade = 6,98a), aleatoriamente distribuídos nos grupos de intervenção e comparação. Foi aplicado um programa de intervenção com 22 sessões de intervenção de instrução fônica, consciência fonológica, fonêmica e conhecimento de letra-som. Os dados foram analisados com base na correlação de Spearman, regressões lineares múltiplas, testes Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado de Pearson, controlando a variável grupo. Os resultados demonstraram correlação significativa entre a consciência fonológica, fonêmica, letras e as medidas de leitura e escrita. As regressões demonstraram forte e significativa variação explicada entre as variáveis consciência fonológica e fonêmica para as medidas de leitura e escrita, exceto o conhecimento de letras que atingiu efeito de teto e não demonstrou significância. Essas evidências têm implicações educacionais para a compreensão de quais habilidades incorporadas em um programa de instrução fônica contribuem significativamente para a alfabetização inicial das crianças.
The Pythagorean Argument of the Intelligent Design of the Universe and Its Critique. Article 5: “Atheism” of Contemporary Physicists
Authors:   Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA, Burov Alexey , Tsvelik Alexey ,   Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
Published: October 2024

One of the objections to the Pythagorean argument is the reference to the authority of modern physicists, most of whom call themselves atheists or agnostics. Even if there had not been any atheists among the founding fathers of physics, something is wrong with the argument of the intelligent design of the Universe, since so many physicists of the last half-century do not believe in God, the critique goes. To answer this sort of objections, we discuss here the views of Richard Feynman, Steven Weinberg, and Stephen Hawking, each of whom called himself an “atheist”. We attempt to show in what sense they indeed were atheists and in what sense they were not. Roger Penrose, the eminent physicist and thinker, called himself “rather agnostic”, but he was convinced of the universe’s purpose, and explained what this conviction was based on: not blind faith but the very special character of the physical laws and the initial conditions of the Big Bang. Penrose illustrated his metaphysical views by means of graphic images, one of which we discuss in a dedicated chapter. Our review of contemporary physicist-philosophers would be very incomplete without the “practicing but unbelieving Christian” Freeman Dyson, with his concept of “the most interesting of all possible worlds”, and so we talk about him too. We also consider Max Tegmark’s mathematical multiverse hypothesis and show that it does not stand up to criticism in light of the cognitive self-consistency of the universe. Is it rational to reject the hypothesis of intelligent design when all other hypotheses about the cause of the highly refi ned nature of physical laws fail? The chapter “Absurdity and Skepticism” is devoted to this question. At the end of this essay and the whole series, we familiarize the reader with the view of the mass man in science and the nature of his “atheism” that was expressed by Jose Ortega y Gasset, supported by Erwin Schrödinger, and commented on by Steven Weinberg.
Dijitalleşme ile Değişen Sinematografik Anlatım: The End of Time Belgesel Film Örneği
Authors: Çoban İrem
Published: October 2024

Bu makale, belgesel film yapımında sinematografik anlatımın dijitalleşme olgusuyla nasıl dönüştüğüne odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, dijitalleşmenin belgesel film anlatısını ne şekilde değiştirdiğini Peter Mettler'in ödüllü The End of Time (2012) belgesel filmi üzerinden analiz etmektir. Örneklem seçiminde, yapımın dijital araçlar kullanarak farklı teknikleri deneysel biçimde birleştiren bir görsel anlatıya sahip olması etkili olmuştur. Yapım, Gilles Deleuze'un sinematografik imge kuramı temelinde, sinematografik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Yöntem altında inceleme başlıkları, çerçeveleme, çekim ölçekleri, ışık, kurgu ve ses olarak kategorilendirilmektedir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda; filmin zaman kavramını farklı bakış açılarıyla sorgulayan anlatı yapısı temelinde, time lapse, negatif alan kullanımı, slow motion, uzun pozlama, bindirme geçişler gibi dijital tekniklerle izleyicinin duyularını harekete geçiren sürükleyici ve düşünceye dayalı bir yaklaşımı tercih ederek farklı bir görsel anlatım dili oluşturduğu tespit edilmektedir. Touchdesigner programı içinde yer alan Mixxa HD video karıştırıcısının yapımın bir sekansında kullanılma tercihi ise, gerçek zamanlı ses ve görsel tasarım uyumunun kurgu sürecine dahil edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Böylece dijitalleşmenin sağladığı olanaklarla anlatı, Deleuze'ün kristal imge tanımına uygun biçimde oluşturulmaktadır. Bu nedenle The End of Time belgesel filminin, etkili sinematografik anlatımda dijital araçların katkısını başarıyla ortaya koyan bir örnek olduğu ifade edilebilmektedir. Çalışma, dijital teknolojilerin (düşünsel biçimde) etkili bir belgesel sinematografisi oluşturmada sağladığı yaratıcı olanakları ortaya koyarak alana katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
GEARBOCS protocols v2
Authors: T Savage Justin , Bradley Luke , Brose Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Protocols for AAV production and use of the GEARBOCS system.
Designing sgRNA Oligos and Inserting Guides into the GEARBOCS Vector v1
Authors: Bradley Luke
Published: October 2024

This protocol describes designing sgRNAs for genes of interest using the GEARBOCS vector backbone. This method allows researchers to utilize the GEARBOCS system for astrocyte-specific genetic manipulation in CRISPR/Cas9 mice for in vivo assays
A protocol for the isolation of IgE antibodies from human plasma using magnetic beads v1
Authors: Baersch Gudrun
Published: October 2024

A protocol for the isolation of IgE antibodies from human plasma using magnetic beads Human IgE antibodies are also present in plasma and there are many situations where isolation of these antibodies is essential. The concentration of such antibodies can vary in many allergic diseases. Magnetic beads can be the material of choice to isolate such antibodies. The method is quite simple. It consists of 4 steps: 1. attachment of the antibodies to the magnetic beads 2. washing to remove the impurities 3. elution 4. neutralization of the solution containing the antibodies. It is highly advisable to use magnetic racks that are designed to fit the microtubes exactly so that liquids can be removed without distrubing the bead pellet. The advantage of the magnetic bead isolation method is that it is very fast and can be used for both small and large plasma volumes. Used plasma can be collected and used for further protein isolations. Used beads can be regenerated also. We have developed a protocol for the isolation of IgE antibodies, which will be presented here. If the user wants to isolate the antibodies for sterile purposes, he should work under laminar flow.
Sinai SCENT TMC - Bronchoscopy Lung Collection v2
Authors: Kraft Monica , Bermejo Santos , Kim Sojin
Published: October 2024

Cellular senescence is a stress-response, as well as a critical component of cell fate during development, repair, resilience, and normal aging. Deepening and broadening our investigations into cellular senescence in normal conditions will advance our knowledge of healthy aging as well as age-related disabilities, thereby leading to integrated and inclusive approaches to Gero-Protection and Gero-Therapeutics.
SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain Time-Resolved FRET peptide displacement assay v2
Authors: Barr Haim , Lahav Noa
Published: October 2024

This protocol details the Time-Resolved FRET (TR-FRET) assay for SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain (Mac1) binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–ribosylated (ADPr) peptide. This method measures the affinity of Mac1 to its potential inhibitors by using a specific ADPr-modified peptide that allows the detection of binding. When bound, the biotinylated-peptide and the HIS-tagged Mac1 form a proximity complex that is detected by TR-FRET using Streptavidin-Eu Cryptate and anti-HIS-XL665 as a donor/acceptor pair. Excitation of the Eu Cryptate complex at 325 nm emits a resonant energy of 625 nm which in turn excites the XL665 to emit fluorescence at 665 nm. This energy transfer occurs only when ADPr modified peptide is in sufficient proximity to Mac1 while inhibitors which displace the peptide will prevent energy transfer. Binding is reported as the ratio of Acceptor/Donor (Em/Em) X 10,000. ------------------------------------------------------- Experiment Concentrations (From Stock to Assay) ReagentStockLoaded into CombiFinal in assay plateUnitsHis-SARS COV2 MAC1183000 5012.5nM Substrate (Biotin-ADPr) 100000001600400nMDetection solution Streptavidin-XL665 (SA-XL)10.250.125%MAb Anti-6HIS-Eu cryptate Gold1000.250.125%Assay buffer HEPES pH=7.025025 25 mMNaCl200 20 20 mMBSA0.50.050.05%Tween 20 0.50.050.05%HTRF PPI Europium Detection Buffer1001010 % ------------------------------------------------------- Compound Plate Design for Dose Response: Total Assay Volume: 16 µL Compounds Top Assay Concentration: 100 µM Dilution Factor: 3 Dose Response Points: 10 Number of Replicates: 2 Backfill with DMSO: Yes Compounds Plate Design for 2-Point Assay: Total Assay Volume: 16 µL Compounds Assay Concentration: 100 µM and 50 µM Dilution Factor: 2 Dose Response Points: 2 Number of Replicates: 2 Backfill with DMSO: Yes
ReViBE: protocol for Refit Visualisation of lithic reduction sequences using the Blender Engine v1
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Javier , Calmet Katia , Roda Gilabert Xavier
Published: October 2024

Here, we introduce ReViBE, a step-by-step protocol for visualising lithic refits through the utilisation of imaging technologies, photogrammetry, 3D modelling and Blender animation software. Lithic refittings represent high-resolution temporal sequences that shed light in cognitive, organisational and taphonomic aspects of the archaeological record, and have remained integral for the archaeological science since its inception. Despite their popularity, little work has been focused on the representation of refittings, traditionally undertaken through photography and archaeological drawing. While the use of these recording tools are widespread in the discipline, their application in refittings has limitations, as they fail to capture the three-dimensional nature of lithic reduction. Our ReViBE protocol addresses this issue through a step-by-step procedure that combines the creation of 3D models in refittings and their animation, allowing a more dynamic visualization of lithic reduction sequences in high definition. The protocol consists of three main phases in which we explain how to perform photogrammetry on the refitted artifacts, create three-dimensional models from the captured images (e.g., Photoscan/Metashape), and finally, generate animation by reconstructing the motion of each individual piece in a temporal sequence (e.g., Blender). Furthermore, we suggest incorporating protocols employing 3D modelling to aid in the digital visualization of material culture, enhancing the accessibility and study of archaeological heritage. Content: Part 1 – Initial remarks and set up preparation Part 2 – Obtention of 3D models using photogrammetry Part 3 – Converting images to 3D Part 4 – Creation of animation sequences using Blender Supplementary video
Protocols for stereotaxic injections into mouse brain and ex-vivo electrophysiology v1
Authors: Gupta Jyoti
Published: October 2024

This protocol describes the method for injection of α-Synuclin PFF and monomer into the mouse brain. The second part of the protocol describes preparation of acute slices from these mice and whole-cell patch clamp recordings.
Impact of the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer on prognosis and treatment
Authors: Titov K. S. , Chulkova S. V. , Zapirov H. M. , Lorie Z. V. , Kiselevskiy M. V.
Published: October 2024

According to world Health Organization, breast cancer (BC) ranks first among cancer diseases in women in many developed countries of the world and in the Russian Federation. Over the past 20 years, the incidence of breast cancer in the world has increased and continues to increase. This phenomenon dictates the need for a more in-depth molecular biological, genetic and immunological study of the mechanisms of development and progression of this heterogeneous malignant tumor.

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the world not on lyin the direct causes of tumor development, but also in factors contributing to its progression, such as the cellular microenvironment of the tumor, the composition of which has a great influence on cancer development, treatment and prognosis. In the cellular microenvironment of the tumor, mononuclear cells are assessed, the proportion of which determines the severity and direction of the immuneresponse. Their importance for choosing the priority type of drug therapy and assessing its effectiveness is shown. The article provide scurrent data on subpopulations of T cells (CD8+, CD4+), B cells (CD20+), and natural killer. Their role in the development and progression of breast cancer is discussed depending on their phenotype. Modern research pays attention to a minor subpopulation of T lymphocytes – TCR-Vδ1+ cells. This subpopulation is represented predominantly in tumor tissue and has an immunosuppressive effect on T-effectors. At the present stage, inflammatory cells – macrophages and neutrophils – are of no less interest. Their role in tumor progression is widely debated. It is known that the differentiation of macrophages into M1 or M2 phenotypes is determined by the tumor microenvironment. The predominance of macrophages with protumor activity promotes tumor progression and cancer metastasis. Additionally, macrophages can stimulate the migration of neutrophils, which, in turn, support the metastasis of breast cancer through the production of matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 has been reported to promote the formation of vascular endothelial growth factor, which explains the protumor properties of neutrophils. In the context of growing tumor immunotherapy, assessment of tumor microenvironmental factors is promising both in relation to monitoring the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy and in relation to the search for potential therapeutic targets. The review systematizes and summarizes information on this issue to date.
The first experience of multi-modal in vivo PET/SPECT/CT and MRI imaging of laboratory mice with melanoma B16F10 (short message)
Authors: Skribitsky V. A. , Finogenova Yu. A. , Shpakova K. E. , Lipengolts A. A. , Smirnova A. V. , Skripachev I. A. , Nevzorov D. I. , Pronin A. I. , Grigorieva E. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Background. For in vivo determination of size and metabolic characteristics of model tumors in laboratory animals, it is recommended to use imaging methods: positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the limited availability of hybrid scanners, it is necessary to investigate the feasibility of obtaining tomograms on separate devices with subsequent geometric comparison of images.

Aim. To investigate the feasibility of multimodal imaging of mice with subcutaneous melanoma B16F10.

Materials and methods. PET, SPECT and CT were performed using a preclinical VECTor 6 tomograph (MILabs, the Netherlands), MRI was performed using a preclinical nanoScan® 3T tomograph (Mediso, Hungary). The following modality combinations were studied: MRI and PET / CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; MRI and PET / CT with 18F-boronphenylalanine; MRI and PET / SPECT / CT with 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine (18F-FET) and 177lutetium – prostate-specific membrane antigen (177Lu-PSMA). Mice were immobilized in a custom-made device during scanning and during movement between tomographs. PET and MRI, SPECT and MRI images were fused in the program InterView FUSION 3.09.008.0000 through an intermediate stage of fusion with CT.

Results. Multimodal PET / CT / MRI and PET / SPECT / CT / MRI images of tumor-bearing mice were obtained for the first time in Russia. PET / MRI data confirmed development of the tumor from 6 × 4 × 4 mm in size. PET / SPECT / CT / MRI enabled to image visceral organs with high accumulation of radionuclide tracers: pancreas with 18F-FET (standardized uptake value 2.6) and kidneys with 177Lu-PSMA (standardized uptake value 4.4), while the obtained images of organs did not merge and did not overlap.

Conclusion. Multimodal imaging enables the selection of experimental animals with tumors of specific size and metabolic activity for the study of new radiopharmaceuticals, including those with vector delivery.
The uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome. Part 2. Comparative analysis of existing treatment methods effectiveness
Authors: Belov Dmitrii F. , Nikolaenko Vadim P. , Shuvaev Dmitrii А. , Potemkin Vitaly V. , Khripun Kirill V.
Published: October 2024

Background: The uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome is a disease caused by iris injury due to extracapsular fixation of intraocular lens (IOL). ES Treatment involves IOL fixation or exchange.
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of various surgical methods of uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome treatment.
Materials and methods: The study group included 95 patients (95 eyes), divided into six subgroups depending on surgical treatment methods used: hydrophobic IOL exchange on hydrophilic model (HYDRO) with its transscleral fixation (n = 20); transscleral fixation (TSF) of native IOL (n = 18); hydrophobic IOL exchange on polymethylmethacrylate iris-claw IOL (CLAW; n = 22); iris-fixated IOLs (IRIS; n = 8); IOL immobilization with scleral bandage sutures (BS; n = 4); conservative treatment (CT; n = 23). The methods were compared using a scoring system.
Results: The final score of surgical methods effectiveness is presented in descending order: HYDRO — 5.36 ± 1.05, TSF — 5.21 ± 1.80, CLAW — 3.87 ± 3.34, IRIS — 1.26 ± 4.41, BS — –0.74 ± 3.66, CL — –3.26 ± 2.51 (p 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome surgical management is a complex problem due to necessity of several interventions performing directed to eliminate the cause factor of recurrent hemorrhages — mechanical traumatization of iris by IOL. The comparison of various surgical techniques demonstrated the greatest effectiveness of HYDRO, TSF, and CLAW. Suture fixation of the IOL to the iris showed slightly less effectiveness. Using of bandage sutures for UGH treatment is inappropriate due to the high risk of relapse.
Study of age-related retinal hemodynamic changes by laser speckle flowgraphy
Authors: Neroev Vladimir V. , Okhotsimskaya Tatiana D. , Zaytseva Olga V. , Petrov Sergey Yu. , Ushakov Aleksandr I. , Deryugina Natalia E. , Markelova Oksana I.
Published: October 2024

Background: Diagnostics of hemodynamic changes is important both for clarifying the features of the course of pathological process of many ophthalmic diseases and for optimizing treatment tactics. Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) is a new non-invasive method for quantitative assessment of retinal blood flow.
Aim: To study age-related changes of pulse waves both in large blood vessels and microvasculature in the optic nerve head and macula by laser speckle flowgraphy.
Materials and methods: Age-related changes in blood flow were studied in 60 healthy volunteers using LSFG-RetFlow. We analyzed MBR — main parameter of pulse wave assessed by the laser speckle flowgraphy and also another 8 pulse wave parameters for large vessels and microvasculature in the areas of optic nerve head and macula.
Results: The study revealed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) age-related changes in pulse waves for most parameters under study. In the large vessels of the optic disc blood flow dropped after 60 years, while in the microvasculature it decreased progradiently in the groups older than 40 and 60 years. In the macular region, blood flow in large vessels and microvasculature decreased mainly in the group aged over 61. Age-related changes in pulse wave parameters were unidirectional for both large vessels and microvasculature; trends were similar in both areas under investigation.
Conclusions: The study demonstrated statistically significant (age-related changes in most laser speckle flowgraphy pulse wave parameters. The MBR, MV (MBR of Vascular area), MT (MBR of Tissue area) indicators are most informative in the ophthalmic hemodinamic screening. The study of another pulse wave parameters seems sufficient for the general MBR.
The Examination Affecting ICT Self-Efficacy and Online Information Practices via Structural Equation Modeling: PISA 2022 Türkiye Sample
Authors: Dündar Berk , Şahin Melek Gülşah
Published: October 2024

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between ICT self-efficacy perceptions and online information practices in PISA 2022 student questionnaire and ICT related factors A predictive correlational research design was preferred to examine the variables predicting students' self-efficacy perceptions and online information practices towards information and communication technologies. PISA 2022 Türkiye data was used in the study. Research data was obtained from 8 data collection tools that were indexed by OECD and converted into 6 variables. Structural equation model was established with this data and MLR was used as the estimation method. In the tested structural equation model, the RMSEA value was calculated as .04, SRMR as .02, CFI as .99 and TLI as .96. As a result of the analysis, all path coefficients were significant and the values of the fit indices indicated perfect fit.
An Integrative and Interdisciplinary Assessment of Environmental, Ecological and Eco-Literacy
Authors: Kerçin Dündar , Demir Mehmet Şirin
Published: October 2024

This study, aiming to address environmental, ecological, and eco-literacy within the paradigms of multiple intelligences or multiple literacies on a relational-contextual level and with a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, reveals a problematic situation concerning the insufficient adoption of these literacies in educational environments. The aim of this research is to contribute to the development of the above mentioned literacies, create social awareness for their widespread implementation in educational environments, and facilitate sustainable development and pedagogical well being. The study deals with a critical discourse analysis concerning the historical background of these concepts in the literature, relying on a plethora of data obtained from the literature. The methodology of the study conducted in line with this purpose includes a combination of mixed, theoretical, conceptual, documentary, phenomenological, and qualitative methods based on complementary and interdisciplinary assessments. These methodological postulates envision an integrated approach to addressing the concepts of environmental literacy, ecological literacy, and eco-literacy.
Investigation of Gifted Students' Errors Related to Height and Diagonal Concepts in Geometry Teaching
Authors: Saltık Ayhanöz Gülşah , Gedik Altun Solmaz Damla
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the errors of gifted students regarding the concepts of height and diagonal in Geometry. Eighteen gifted students studying at a Science and Art Center in central Anatolia participated in the study. A knowledge test consisting of 5 questions was prepared to collect data. The knowledge test was applied to gifted students. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the data in the study. The data obtained in line with the responses of the students to the knowledge test used as a data collection tool were classified under categories in line with the purpose of the study by coding the errors in the solutions of the questions. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that the concept of diagonal and height, which constitute the basis of many subjects in geometry education of gifted individuals, should be emphasized more.
Artificial Intelligence in the Education of Teachers: A Qualitative Synthesis of the Cutting-Edge Research Literature
Authors: Meylani Rusen
Published: October 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into teacher education has been transformative, offering personalized learning experiences, enhanced professional development, and improved teaching methodologies. AI technologies such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), AI-driven analytics, and automated assessment tools have become central to modern educational practices, significantly improving engagement, adaptability, and effectiveness. This study employs a qualitative thematic analysis of current literature on AI in teacher education, examining peer-reviewed articles and reports using thematic coding to identify key patterns, opportunities, and challenges. The findings reveal that AI enhances teacher education by providing personalized learning pathways, fostering critical thinking, and supporting ongoing professional growth. Technologies like ITS, Virtual Reality (VR), and AI-driven analytics have proven effective in promoting motivation and engagement among teachers. However, ethical challenges such as biases in AI systems and concerns regarding data privacy require continuous attention. Furthermore, a gap in teacher preparedness, particularly in developing AI literacy and integrating AI tools into classroom practices, is evident. Despite these challenges, AI offers substantial benefits, transforming teaching practices and enabling personalized, adaptive instruction that supports both teachers and students. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive teacher training programs focusing on digital literacy and ethical AI use, ensuring educators can navigate an AI-enhanced educational environment effectively. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse by highlighting the need for ethical guidelines and robust teacher training programs, offering actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and institutions aiming to integrate AI into teacher education