bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instant Karma The World Anthem Against The Evil By John Lennon: A Psychoanalytic Approach
Authors: Yanti Eka Juni , Soethama Putu Lirishati , Krisnawati Ni Luh Putu , Laksminy Luh Putu
Published: August 2023

This research discusses a concept in which the consequences of one's actions are immediate rather than borne out over a lifetime in Instant Karma! by John Lennon. This descriptive qualitative research focuses to find out how does karma associate with the world anthem against the evil portrayed in John Lennon’s song lyrics Instant Karma!, from the Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud. The song title is Instant Karma! itself is an implementation of a concept of accountability for your actions. Therefore, the view of the psychoanalytic put forward by Sigmund Freud (1901) is compatible to analyze Instant Karma! by John Lennon. Data were collected by studying, interpreting works of literature, and evaluating them. Studying means getting a better understanding of the song through close readings of the lyrics, contextual insights, and listening to it.  Interpreting means trying to find the meaning or theme of the song through related interviews with John Lennon as the writer, composer, and singer. Analyzing through song lyrics was the only way to be done since there was no music video. Evaluating means giving criticism about the song lyrics themselves. Criticism is not all about finding fault or any mistakes, but about how we interpret the meaning of the song itself. The data was collected together one by one through the note-taking approach to discover the data to associate with valid information related. The conclusion shows Instant Karma! by John Lennon portrays the outcome of a person’s actions in past and present states of existence. Those actions lead us to our fate. What comes around, goes around, what we sow, so shall we reap. The Karma itself is not only associated with bad output but also as a good one. Good deeds will have a positive effect while bad deeds will bring negative consequences
Resultados clínico-radiológicos en la alineación de los componentes protésicos posterior a artroplastias de rodilla.
Authors: Villarroel Rovere Hugo Ernesto , Jaramillo Becerra Carlos Alberto , Valle Ochoa Carlos Jacinto , Adrián Andrea
Published: August 2023

Introducción: La biomecánica compleja de la rodilla hacen que sea difícil lograr un resultado cercano a la anatomía natural después de una artroplastia. La talla y el posicionamiento del implante afectan el resultado postoperatorio, por lo que su malrotación conlleva debilidad, inestabilidad y aflojamiento. El objetivo de estudio fue determinar los ángulos de alineación rotacional de la prótesis, en relación con los resultados clínico-funcionales de la prótesis.
Métodos: El presente estudio observacional se llevó a cabo en el Hospital Alcívar de Guayaquil, Ecuador, en el período 2021 a 2022 con pacientes con artroplastia de rodilla. Las variables fueron sexo, edad, eje de rotación y resultados funcionales y clínicos. La muestra fue no probabilística. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva.
Resultados: Se estudió 46 casos, 52.2 % mujeres, de 68.9 años promedio. El 78.3 % presentó deformidad en varo, con acortamiento promedio de 14.78 mm. Se evidenció una corrección significativa de la desviación con ángulos a, b,c, d, dentro de parámetros normales en el 94.3 %, 90.7 %, 91.4 % y 88.6 %, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo una rotación interna promedio del componente femoral de 3.42 y tibial de 25.84 grados, con una efectividad en cuanto a la técnica quirúrgica del 47.8 y 23.9 % respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La TAC 2D es una herramienta muy fiable para identificar el grado de rotación funcional efectivo del miembro. No se reportaron complicaciones relacionadas con aflojamiento mecánico.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN DIFERENSIASI BERDASARKAN ASPEK KESIAPAN BELAJAR MURID DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Dian Fitriani  , Fatihatunnisa Ridha Rahman  , Anti Dhamayanti Fauzi  , Anisa Umu Salamah  , Asep Saefullah
Published: August 2023

Perbedaan karakteristik murid menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi guru untuk menentukan suatu metode dan pendekatan yang akan digunakan dalam pembelajaran guna memfasilitasi kebutuhan belajar dari murid, yang terdiridari kesiapan belajar, profil murid, dan minat. Pembelajaran diferensiasi menjadi salah satu upaya yang dapat menunjang kebutuhan belajar yang beragam dari murid di kelas. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak positif yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan implementasi pembelajaran diferensiasi berdasarkan tingkat kesiapan belajar murid. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriftif analitis melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari hasil observasi di kelas selama kegiatan belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar dapat berdampak positif pada diri murid dan guru, yaitu (1) Setiap murid mengikuti pembelajaran dengan baik; (2) Rasa percaya diri dan motivasi murid meningkat berakibat murid berperan aktif dalam belajar; (3) Guru termotimasi untuk berkreasi dan berinovasi dalam mengajar.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS POWER POINT PADA MATA PELAJARAN OTK KEPEGAWAIAN KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 JOMBANG
Authors: Tita Yuliani  , Durinda Puspasari
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Microsoft Power Point pada mata pelajaran OTK Kepegawaian Kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Jombang, mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Microsoft Power Point pada mata pelajaran OTK Kepegawaian Kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Jombang, dan mengetahui respon siswa terhadap pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Microsoft Power Point pada mata pelajaran OTK Kepegawaian Kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Jombang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian R&D dengan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Dessiminate). Penelitian tidak dilakukan sampai tahap Disseminate atau penyebaran karena terbatas pada 3 Kompetensi Dasar dan peneliti tidak sampai mengukur keefektifan produk dan hasil belajar siswa. Subjek uji coba pada penelitian yaitu 20 siswa kelas XI OTP XI 1 SMK Negeri 1 Jombang. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar validasi ahli materi dan ahli media serta angket respon siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis validasi ahli materi, analisis ahli media dan analisis angket respon siswa Hasil penelitian yaitu pada perolehan validasi ahli materi sebesar 86,67% (sangat kuat), hasil validasi ahli media sebesar 89,44% (sangat kuat), dan respon siswa sebesar 99,56% (sangat kuat). Maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis Microsoft Power Point dinyatakan layak digunakan pada pembelajaran mata pelajaran OTK Kepegawaian.
Rethinking digital activism
Authors: Blaagaard Bolette , Roslyng Mette Marie
Published: August 2023

This article explores the following research question: How is political activism expressed in connective, affective, and embodied ways, and how do these modes result in a rearticulation of the body and central activist signifiers? While connective and affective dimensions of digital activism offer invaluable insights into the new forms of activist organisation, it remains underexplored how the activist body and the concepts of “human” and “rights” are discursively produced through digital expressions of activism. Therefore, drawing on a purposive selection of digital content, we produce a discursive analysis of three illustrative cases of digital activism relating to three major political contemporary issues: Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, and Extinction Rebellion. We argue that they each present different modes of embodied and discursively constructed signifiers of “human” and “rights”, which allows for a range of political aims and outcomes to be expressed through different degrees of antagonism calling, respectively, for deconstruction, inclusion, and expansion of the signifiers.
Fundamentação epistemológica do paradigma da complexidade e a dialogia com a formação de professores
Authors: Lima Paulo Gomes
Published: August 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é o de discutir a fundamentação epistemológica do paradigma da complexidade, a partir da contribuição de Edgar Morin e a dialogia com a formação de professores. Esta perspectiva defende que o ser (homem) e o saber (conhecimento) são elementos inseparáveis que possuem estruturas complexas multidimensionais que se ligam e religam de forma holística (físico, biológico, cerebral, mental, psicológico, cultural, social), isto é, “sem excluir aquele que conhece de seu próprio conhecimento.”  O objetivo maior de Edgar Morin, ao propor o paradigma da complexidade é   chamar a  atenção para a necessidade de mudança de perspectiva  de um mundo que “vive” e “vê” o real de  forma fragmentada, dissociando as partes do todo como se fossem elementos independentes. Nessa diretriz a dialogia com a formação de professores, além de possível, encampa o compromisso de entender e viver a educação como fenômeno multidimensional que não dissocia os sujeitos de suas formas de intervenção no real.
Band gap prediction of perovskite materials based on transfer learning
Authors: Sun Tao , Yuan Jian-Mei ,   School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China,   Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Published: August 2023

The band gap is a key physical quantity in material design. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory can approximately predict the band gap, which often requires significant computational resources and time. Deep learning models have the advantages of good fitting capability and automatic feature extraction from the data, and are gradually used to predict the band gap. In this paper, aiming at the problem of quickly obtaining the band gap value of perovskite material, a feature fusion neural network model, named CGCrabNet, is established, and the transfer learning strategy is used to predict the band gap of perovskite material. The CGCrabNet extracts features from both chemical equation and crystal structure of materials, and fits the mapping between feature and band gap. It is an end-to-end neural network model. Based on the pre-training data obtained from the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD dataset), the CGCrabNet parameters can be fine-tuned by using only 175 perovskite material data to improve the robustness of the model.

The numerical and experimental results show that the prediction error of the CGCrabNet model for band gap prediciton based on the OQMD dataset is 0.014 eV, which is lower than that obtained from the prediction based on compositionally restricted attention-based network (CrabNet). The mean absolute error of the model developed in this paper for predicting perovskite materials is 0.374 eV, which is 0.304 eV, 0.441 eV and 0.194 eV lower than that obtained from random forest regression, support vector machine regression and gradient boosting regression, respectively. The mean absolute error of the test set of CGCrabNet trained only by using perovskite data is 0.536 eV, and the mean absolute error of the pre-trained CGCrabNet decreases by 0.162 eV, which indicates that the transfer learning strategy plays a significant role in improving the prediction accuracy of small data sets (perovskite material data sets). The difference between the predicted band gap of some perovskite materials such as SrHfO3 and RbPaO3 by the model and the band gap calculated by first-principles is less than 0.05 eV, which indicates that the CGCrabNet can quickly and accurately predict the properties of new materials and accelerate the development process of new materials.
Optimation of Energy Efficiency by Integrated Design of Folding Wall-BIPV and Users Behaviour in Office Building at Surabaya
Authors: Susan  , Ngurah Antaryama I Gusti
Published: August 2023

Efficiency of BIPV measured by comparing electricity output and electricity demand. Electricity output generized by BIPV depends on the amount of solar radiation received by PV panel. Some factors that affect the amount of radiation received are the tilt angle and the orientation angle of PV panel. This research try to rise electricity output by collaborating this factor with orientation principle in folding concept. The collaboration results in bigger surface area to receive radiation. Meanwhile, the reducement of electricity demand will be described in relation with users behaviour, both individual behaviour and communal behaviour. As the object taken in this research is an office building, communal behaviour will take more impact to reduce energy demand. Policies and strategies related to energy efficiency made by central operational management in office building will control communal behaviour.
An Analysis of Students’ Perspectives on the Usage of Knowledge Maps in Open Learning Environments
Authors: Fasihuddin Heba , Skinner Geoff
Published: August 2023

Open learning is a new form of online learning that allows learning materials and courses to be freely available on the Internet and accessible to anyone who is interested. Massive Open Online Courses is the term used for courses provided in these open environments. The authors believe that open learning environments are still in their early stages of evolution in terms of providing effective learning models with many aspects still needing to be considered. These aspects can be addressed with consideration to principles of cognitive science and herein lies our research. Based on the concept of schema theory, the knowledge map has been chosen to organize and present learning concepts. This paper presents a study that has been held to evaluate the use of knowledge maps as an approach to presenting and organizing learning materials in open learning environments. A prototype has been developed and piloted on a group of IT students. The students’ perspectives on the use of the knowledge maps and how they affect their learning have been collected through two surveys. The result is promising and an indication of the likely success of such an approach.
Automatic and Semi-Automatic Test Generation for Introductory Linguistics Courses Using Natural Language Processing Resources and Text Corpora
Authors: Wood Peter
Published: August 2023

This paper describes a collection of Natural Language Processing (NLP) modules which automatically generate exercises for introductory courses on structural linguistics and English grammar at a Canadian University.

While there is a growing demand for electronic exercises, online testing tools, and self contained linguistics and grammar courses, the exercises and tests offered on companion websites for popular textbooks consist largely of multiple choice type questions.

The modules create exercises to practice and test part-of-speech identification, morphological analysis of complex words, and the analysis of sentences into phrase structure trees. They are part of an infrastructure capable of delivering instructional material, exercises for for self assessment, and online testing tools for courses which either use blended instruction or are taught exclusively online.

Modules which are work in progress will be briefly discussed in the final section of this paper.
Development and validation of the Exteroceptive Body Awareness (EBA-q) questionnaire
Authors: Vabba Alisha , Porciello Giuseppina , Panasiti Maria Serena , Aglioti Salvatore Maria
Published: August 2023

The conscious processing of body signals influences higher-order psychological and cognitive functions, including self-awareness. Dysfunctions in the processing of these signals has been connected to neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by altered states of self-consciousness. Studies indicate that perceiving the body through interoceptive signals (e.g., from internal organs such as heartbeat and breathing) is distinct from perceiving the body through exteroceptive signals (e.g., by relying on visual, tactile and olfactory cues). While questionnaires are available for assessing interoception, there are no validated self-report instruments for measuring bodily exterception. To fill this gap, we performed three studies to develop and validate a novel scale designed to assess bodily self-consciousness based on the processing of exteroceptive bodily signals. Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1, N = 302) led to an 18-item questionnaire comprised of four factors. We called this instrument Exteroceptive Body Awareness questionnaire (EBA-q). Confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2, N = 184) run on a second sample showed an acceptable fit for a bifactor model, suggesting researchers may use the questionnaire as a unidimensional scale reflecting exteroceptive bodily self-consciousness, or use each of its four sub-scales, reflecting “visuo-tactile body awareness”, “spatial coordination”, “awareness of body changes” and “awareness of clothing fit”. Overall EBA-q showed good internal consistency. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed via cross-validation with existing body awareness questionnaires (Study 3, N = 366) and behavioral measures (Study 3, N = 64) of exteroceptive and interoceptive bodily self-consciousness. Research applications are discussed within a multi-faceted model of exteroception and interoception as distinct, but at the same time interconnected, dimensions of bodily self-consciousness.
El proceso de revisión textual: los ejemplos prototípicos de género como elementos reguladores de la escritura
Authors:   Grupo de Investigación en Enseñanza de Lenguas - GIEL, Abad Beltrán Victoria , Rodríguez Gonzalo Carmen ,   Universitat de València / Grupo de Investigación en Enseñanza de Lenguas - GIEL
Published: August 2023

La revisión textual es una actividad compleja que presenta muchas dificultades porque el escritor tiene que distanciarse de su texto, esto es, desdoblarse en lector, y tratar en tiempo real problemas de diferentes niveles lingüísticos y comunicativos. Para enfrentarse a esta tarea, ha de tomar decisiones sobre qué hacer y en qué orden, es decir, ha de regular el proceso de escritura para controlar los problemas que le plantea esta actividad. Por ello, en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la escritura, la intervención didáctica tiene que ofrecer y potenciar el uso de instrumentos y mecanismos que promuevan el proceso de regulación. En este estudio mostramos el papel que los ejemplos prototípicos de género discursivo pueden asumir en la regulación de la escritura, centrándonos en la fase de revisión textual. Para ello hemos analizado el proceso de escritura en contexto de aula con el objetivo de mejorar la intervención docente y las secuencias didácticas para aprender a escribir.
Proposta de Framework para Análise de Relacionamentos em Redes de Cooperação e sua validação em empresas da Rede Metal-Mecânica (Unindústria), no norte do Rio Grande do Sul.
Authors: Gollo Silvana Saionara , Storti Adriana Troczinski
Published: August 2023

O objetivo deste artigo foi propor e validar um framework teórico-prático de análise dos relacionamentos em redes de cooperação. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram estudadas as características e metodologias apresentadas na literatura nacional e internacional, destacando-se os principais elementos existentes nos relacionamentos entre empresas que participam de estratégias coletivas. Para validação do framework, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de estudo de casos múltiplos. Propôs-se um instrumento de pesquisa para diagnosticar os relacionamentos internos em três níveis, que foi aplicado em empresas da Rede Metal-mecânica - Unindústria, localizada na região norte do RS. Constatou-se que a estratégia coletiva em estudo enfrenta desafios relacionados ao alinhamento das empresas, níveis de participação, comunicação efetiva e engajamento dos participantes. A superação desses desafios exigirá esforços conjuntos e uma abordagem colaborativa para garantir que todos os envolvidos estejam comprometidos com os objetivos comuns. O framework proposto poderá ser utilizado em pesquisas futuras, que objetivem compreender os relacionamentos em redes de cooperação em diferentes níveis de participação, tornando-se uma valiosa fonte de conhecimento para promover mudanças e contribuir para melhoria do desempenho das empresas em estratégias coletivas.
Effectiveness of Adult Environmental Training Programme from the Perspective of Adult Facilitators and Learners in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ochiagha Chibuike Darl , Onwuadi Charles Chibuike , Ozurumba Iheanyichukwu Godwin
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of adult environmental training programme from the perspective of adult facilitators and learners in Enugu State. The study was guided by 2 research questions and two null hypotheses. The design of the study was a descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of 668 respondents made up of 213 facilitators and 455 adult learners in 395 state owned adult education centres in Enugu State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in drawing the sample composition of the study. Influence of Environmental Awareness and Training of Adult Facilitators on the Implementation of Environmental Adult Education Programme Questionnaire (IEATAFIEAEPQ) was the main instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by research experts, two in Adult Education and one in measurement and evaluation. The instrument overall reliability coefficient was 0.78, which showed that it was highly reliable. The data collected through the instrument was used to respond to the from the 2 research questions that guided the study using mean and standard deviations, while t-test analysis was used to test the two null-hypotheses formulated for the study. The data analyses revealed among others that: Environmental awareness creation among adults and training of environmental adult education facilitators has effect on the implementation of environmental adult education programme. Conclusion was drawn and recommendations were given.
Performance e autonomia subjetiva
Authors: Melo Roger
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:PINHO, Osmundo. Cativeiro: antinegritude e ancestralidade. Salvador: Segundo Selo, 2021, 300 p.
Health Claims and Doses of Fish Oil Supplements in the US
Authors: Assadourian Joanna N. , Peterson Eric D. , McDonald Samuel A. , Gupta Anand , Navar Ann Marie
Published: August 2023

Importance

One in 5 US adults older than 60 years takes fish oil supplements often for heart health despite multiple randomized clinical trials showing no data for cardiovascular benefit for supplement-range doses. Statements on the supplement labels may influence consumer beliefs about health benefits.

Objectives

To evaluate health claims made on the labels of fish oil supplements in the US, and to examine doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in commonly available formulations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from labels of on-market fish oil (and nonfish ω-3 fatty acid) supplements obtained from the National Institutes of Health Dietary Supplement Label Database. The study was conducted and data analyzed from February to June 2022.

Main Outcome and Measures

The frequency and types of health claims made on fish oil labels (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]–reviewed qualified health claim vs a structure/function claim) and the organ system referenced were evaluated. The total daily doses of combined EPA and DHA (EPA+DHA) were assessed for supplements from 16 leading manufacturers and retailers.

Results

Across 2819 unique fish oil supplements, 2082 (73.9%) made at least 1 health claim. Of these, only 399 (19.2%) used an FDA-approved qualified health claim; the rest (1683 [80.8%]) made only structure/function claims (eg, “promotes heart health”). Cardiovascular health claims were the most common (1747 [62.0%]). Across 16 leading brands/manufacturers, 255 fish oil supplements were identified. Among these, substantial variability was found in the daily dose of EPA (median [IQR], 340 [135-647] mg/d), DHA (median [IQR], 270 [140-500] mg/d), and total EPA+DHA (median [IQR], 600 [300-1100] mg/d). Only 24 of 255 supplements (9.4%) evaluated contained a daily dose of 2 g or more EPA+DHA.

Conclusions

Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the majority of fish oil supplement labels make health claims, usually in the form of structure/function claims, that imply a health benefit across a variety of organ systems despite a lack of trial data showing efficacy. Significant heterogeneity exists in the daily dose of EPA+DHA in available supplements, leading to potential variability in safety and efficacy between supplements. Increasing regulation of dietary supplement labeling may be needed to prevent consumer misinformation.
Safety and Efficacy of Tralokinumab in Older Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Merola Joseph F. , Butler Daniel C. , Mark Thomas , Schneider Shannon , Kim Yestle , Abuabara Katrina
Published: August 2023

Importance

Older adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) face unique treatment challenges, including comorbidities, polypharmacy, and a higher risk for infections (eg, herpes zoster). Furthermore, limited data are available from clinical trials for treatments in this population. In phase 3 studies, tralokinumab showed superior efficacy in moderate-to-severe AD vs placebo, but results were not stratified by age group.

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tralokinumab in older (≥65 years) patients with moderate-to-severe AD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A post hoc analysis for adults 65 years or older was conducted from a subset of patients in the US, Canada, Europe, and Asia in 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials (ECZTRA 1 and 2 [monotherapy] and ECZTRA 3 [tralokinumab + topical corticosteroids as needed]). The post hoc data were analyzed in 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Pooled data from up to 16 weeks of treatment from ECZTRA 1, 2, and 3 were used to assess safety. Statistical analyses followed prespecifications of primary end points. Separate efficacy analyses were conducted in these trials respectively at 16 weeks.

Results

A total of 75 older adults (42 women [56%]) treated with tralokinumab from the ECZTRA 1, 2, and 3 trials were included in this post hoc analysis. Similar proportions of patients reported adverse events (AEs) with tralokinumab and placebo (44 [58%]). Three patients (4%) in the tralokinumab arm and 3 (10.3%) in the placebo arm experienced severe AEs, and 4 (5.3%) and 2 (6.9%), respectively, had AEs leading to discontinuation. More patients achieved 75% or greater improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index scores with tralokinumab than placebo (33.9% vs 4.8%; P < .001) in ECZTRA 1 and 2. Similar trends, although not statistically significant, were seen in ECZTRA 3. Safety and efficacy outcomes in this population were similar compared with the younger patient cohorts. The small sample size limited generalizations from this analysis.

Conclusion and Relevance

The results of this post hoc analysis suggest that tralokinumab is well tolerated and efficacious in patients 65 years or older with moderate-to-severe AD.
Fatigue Resistance of an Anodized and Hardanodized 6082 Aluminum Alloy Depending on the Coating Thickness in the High Cycle Regime
Authors: Winter Lisa , Lampke Thomas
Published: August 2023

In this study, the high cycle fatigue behavior of an anodized 6082 aluminum alloy is investigated. Main focus is on the most relevant influencing factors for crack initiation and propagation under cyclic loading and damage mechanisms considering coating type, thickness, and residual stresses. The bare substrate is compared to anodized and hardanodized specimens with three coating thicknesses, for each coating type, in the range from 20 to 70 μm. Coating hardness and microstructure as well as residual stresses are analyzed. Fatigue and fracture behavior under alternating tension–compression loading is determined. Dependent on the coating thickness, the fatigue strength is reduced by 8%–50% after anodizing and by 50%–62% after hardanodizing. As the coating thickness is equal to the initial crack length from a fracture mechanical point of view, stress intensities at the crack tips are higher for thicker coatings respectively longer initial crack lengths. Therefore, propagation of fatigue‐induced cracks from the coating into the substrate is promoted for a higher coating thickness resulting in premature failure. A significant correlation between the coating thickness and tensile residual stresses induced by both coatings in the subjacent substrate is not found and residual stress influence on the overall fatigue strength is only minor.
A Fully Biodegradable and Biocompatible Ionotronic Skin for Transient Electronics
Authors: Ye Guo , Song Dekui , Song Junjie , Zhao Yan , Liu Nan
Published: August 2023

Wearable electronics have impacted many aspects of human life including health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and human‐machine interfacing. However, the rapid development also accelerates the generation of electronic waste (e‐waste), which is threatening the health of ecological systems. Accordingly, high‐performance biodegradable materials suitable for transient electronics are highly demanded and challenging. In this work, a fully biodegradable and biocompatible ionotronic skin is designed based on double‐network natural polyelectrolytes derivatives. It consists of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) polymerized in glycerol and water followed by cross‐linking with hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction (namely SBMAX‐CCSY‐Glyz). By macromolecular engineering, the ionotronic skin exhibits high ionic conductivity, good compliance with skin, as well as complete degradability, which is capable of transient measurement of electrophysiology. Applied on the sciatic nerve of bullfrog, it can accurately record action potentials and fully degrade in only 3 days without any residue. Such biodegradable and biocompatible ionotronic skin will shed light on the design of ionotronic materials for future transient electronics.
In Situ Observation of Domain Wall Lateral Creeping in a Ferroelectric Capacitor
Authors: Cai Songhua , Guo Changqing , Niu Ben , Xie Lin , Addiego Christopher , Wu Di , Wang Peng , Lau Shu Ping , Huang Houbing , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: August 2023

As a promising candidate for next‐generation nonvolatile memory devices, ferroelectric oxide films exhibit many emergent phenomena with functional applications, making understanding polarization switching and domain evolution behaviors of fundamental importance. However, tracking domain wall motion in ferroelectric oxide films with high spatial resolution remains challenging. Here, an in situ biasing approach for direct atomic‐scale observations of domain nucleation and sideways motion is presented. By accurately controlling the applied electric field, the lateral translational speed of the domain wall can decrease to less than 2.2 Å s−1, which is observable with atomic resolution STEM imaging. In situ observations on a capacitor structured PbZr0.1Ti0.9O3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterojunction demonstrate the unique creeping behavior of a domain wall under a critical electric field, with the atomic structure of the creeping domain wall revealed. Moreover, the evolution of the metastable domain wall forms an elongated morphology, which contains a large proportion of charged segments. Phase‐field simulations unveil the competition between gradient, elastic, and electrostatic energies that decide this unique domain wall creeping and morphology variation. This work paves the way toward a complete fundamental understanding of domain wall physics and potential modulations of domain wall properties in real devices.
Molecular Ferroelectric with Directional Polarization Field for Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Bohong , Li Hui , Wang Lian , Pan Lu , Wu Yutong , Liu Zhen , Yin Longwei
Published: August 2023

Due to the relatively inferior dielectric constant, Sn‐based perovskites exhibit lower defect tolerance and insufficient dielectric shielding effect compared with Pb‐perovskites. Upgrading built‐in electric field (BEF) in Sn‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be effective to reduce large voltage deficit and improve poor performance caused by the low defect tolerance resulting from the intrinsic inferior dielectric of Sn‐based perovskites. Herein, 2‐methylbenzimidazole (MBI) molecular ferroelectric with low coercive field and high Curie‐temperature is introduced to construct an additional ferroelectric field in FASnI3‐based PSCs. The ferroelectric effect of MBI can promote exciton dissociation, enhance carrier population, and suppress the adverse effect of the residual defects on carriers, and the directional polarization of MBI in FASnI3 film can be driven by the BEF in PSCs to broaden the width of depletion region. Additionally, the MBI molecules with amine functional groups effectively regulate perovskite crystallization, passivate Sn‐related defects, and enhance the oxidation barrier. Profiting from the above advantages, the MBI‐modified device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.91%, keeping over 94% average PCE after 1056 h in N2 glovebox for the unencapsulated device. This study highlights the significant role of molecular ferroelectrics in perovskite photovoltaics.
Proximity‐Induced Fully Ferromagnetic Order with Eightfold Magnetic Anisotropy in Heavy Transition Metal Oxide CaRuO3
Authors: Zhang Jine , Chen Xiaobing , Wang Mengqin , Zhang Qinghua , Shi Wenxiao , Zhan Xiaozhi , Zhao Meng , Li Zhe , Zheng Jie , Zhang Hui , Han Furong , Yang Huaiwen , Zhu Tao , Liu Banggui , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Chen Yuansha , Zhang Yue , Chen Yunzhong , Zhao Weisheng , Sun Jirong
Published: August 2023

Ferromagnetic materials with a strong spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their exotic properties and potential applications in energy‐efficient spintronics. However, such materials are scarce in nature. Here, a proximity‐induced paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition for the heavy transition metal oxide CaRuO3 in (001)‐(LaMnO3/CaRuO3) superlattices is reported. Anomalous Hall effect is observed in the temperature range up to 180 K. Maximal anomalous Hall conductivity and anomalous Hall angle are as large as ∼15 Ω−1 cm−1 and ∼0.93%, respectively, by one to two orders of magnitude larger than those of the typical 3d ferromagnetic oxides such as La0.67Sr0.33MnO3. Density functional theory calculations indicate the existence of avoid band crossings in the electronic band structure of the ferromagnetic CRO layer, which enhances Berry curvature thus strong anomalous Hall effects. Further evidences from polarized neutron reflectometry show that the CaRuO3 layers are in a fully ferromagnetic state (∼0.8 μB/Ru), in sharp contrast to the proximity‐induced canted antiferromagnetic state in 5d oxides SrIrO3 and CaIrO3 (∼0.1 μB/Ir). More than that, the magnetic anisotropy of the (001)‐(LaMnO3/CaRuO3) superlattices is eightfold symmetric, showing potential applications in the technology of multistate data storage.
Enabling Structure/Interface Regulation for High Performance Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Ni Lianshan , Chen Hongyi , Guo Shuai , Dai Alvin , Gao Jinqiang , Yu Lei , Mei Yu , Wang Haoji , Long Zhen , Wen Jianguo , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Liu Tongchao , Amine Khalil , Ji Xiaobo
Published: August 2023

Further commercialization of Ni‐rich layered cathodes is hindered by severe structure/interface degradation and kinetic hindrance that occur during electrochemical operation, which leads to safety risks and reduced range in electric vehicles (EVs). Herein, by selecting elements with different solubility properties, a multifunctional strategy that synchronously fabricates perovskite‐type SrZrO3 coating and Sr/Zr co‐doping is employed to strengthen the structure/interface stability and the Li+ transport mobility of LiNi0.85Co0.10Mn0.05O2 (NCM). Perovskite‐type SrZrO3 protective layers formed on the particle surface can substantially mitigate the unexpected interfacial side reactions and surface phase transitions. In addition, a robust crystal framework is constructed by optimizing local O coordination through the introduction of strong Zr−O bonds. Notably, Li+ diffusion kinetics is effectively improved due to expanded cell parameters and O‐Li‐O slab spacing with the incorporation of large‐diameter Sr pillar ions, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction. As a result, the Sr/Zr‐modified NCM achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 99.4% after 200 cycles at 1 C, and a high rate capacity of 168.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C. This work opens new avenues to develop high‐performance NCM cathodes with high energy and high power for EVs with long calendar life.
Photopolymerizable Hydrogel for Enhanced Intramyocardial Vascular Progenitor Cell Delivery and Post‐Myocardial Infarction Healing
Authors: Hong Xuechong , Luo Allen Chilun , Doulamis Ilias , Oh Nicholas , Im Gwang‐Bum , Lin Chun‐Yen , del Nido Pedro J. , Lin Ruei‐Zeng , Melero‑Martin Juan M.
Published: August 2023

Cell transplantation success for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment is often hindered by low engraftment due to washout effects during myocardial contraction. A clinically viable biomaterial that enhances cell retention can optimize intramyocardial cell delivery. In this study, a therapeutic cell delivery method is developed for MI treatment utilizing a photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. Human vascular progenitor cells, capable of forming functional vasculatures upon transplantation, are combined with an in situ photopolymerization approach and injected into the infarcted zones of mouse hearts. This strategy substantially improves acute cell retention and promotes long‐term post‐MI cardiac healing, including stabilized cardiac functions, preserved viable myocardium, and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, engrafted vascular cells polarize recruited bone marrow‐derived neutrophils toward a non‐inflammatory phenotype via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, fostering a pro‐regenerative microenvironment. Neutrophil depletion negates the therapeutic benefits generated by cell delivery in ischemic hearts, highlighting the essential role of non‐inflammatory, pro‐regenerative neutrophils in cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, this GelMA hydrogel‐based intramyocardial vascular cell delivery approach holds promise for enhancing the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Virus‐Based Pyroelectricity
Authors: Kim Han , Okada Kento , Chae Inseok , Lim Butaek , Ji Seungwook , Kwon Yoonji , Lee Seung‐Wuk
Published: August 2023

The first observation of heat‐induced electrical potential generation on a virus and its detection through pyroelectricity are presented. Specifically, the authors investigate the pyroelectric properties of the M13 phage, which possesses inherent dipole structures derived from the noncentrosymmetric arrangement of the major coat protein (pVIII) with an α‐helical conformation. Unidirectional polarization of the phage is achieved through genetic engineering of the tail protein (pIII) and template‐assisted self‐assembly techniques. By modifying the pVIII proteins with varying numbers of glutamate residues, the structure‐dependent tunable pyroelectric properties of the phage are explored. The most polarized phage exhibits a pyroelectric coefficient of 0.13 µC m−2 °C−1. Computational modeling and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis confirm that the unfolding of α‐helices within the pVIII proteins leads to changes in phage polarization upon heating. Moreover, the phage is genetically modified to enable its pyroelectric function in diverse chemical environments. This phage‐based approach not only provides valuable insights into bio‐pyroelectricity but also opens up new opportunities for the detection of various viral particles. Furthermore, it holds great potential for the development of novel biomaterials for future applications in biosensors and bioelectric materials.
Cucurbit[8]uril Induced Molecular Folding Cascade Assembly for NIR Targeted Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhou Xiaolu , Bai Xue , Zhang Xuejian , Wu Jing , Liu Yu
Published: August 2023

A macrocyclic confinement‐activated green phosphorescence and two‐photon near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence supramolecular cascade assembly is constructed by multivalent interaction based on the alkyl‐bridged triphenylamine‐vinyl pyridine salts (BTPA), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), β‐cyclodextrin‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HACD), and 4‐bromophenyl pyridine salt and CB[8] complex (PY/CB[8]). Taking advantage of CB[8]‐induced macrocyclic confinement and molecular folding, the fluorescence of BTPA is effectively redshifted by 30 nm from 720 to 750 nm. Subsequently, HACD, a cancer cell targeting agent, is co‐assembled with a BTPA/CB[8] supramolecular folder to form a nanoparticle, further enhancing NIR fluorescence from 750 nm up to 810 nm through cascade confinement. Upon introduction of the 2:1 complex PY/CB[8], multicomponent nanoparticles are fabricated, not only showing efficient NIR fluorescence with an increase in quantum yield from 7.21% to 22.92% but also endowing green phosphorescence emission, which is successfully applied for two‐photon cancer cell‐targeted imaging to shield background interference from fluorescent and phosphorescent resources.
Photoinduced Synthesis of Polycyclic γ‐Sultines by a Radical‐Polar Crossover Cyclization
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Zhou Pan , Yang Xiaoxiao , Li Helian , Deng Zhenxi , Ren Mingtian , Shu Chao
Published: August 2023

Described herein is a visible light‐mediated radical addition/SO2 insertion/anionic cyclization of benzo‐fused homoallylic tosylates, allowing access to a diverse array of otherwise challenging‐to‐access fluoromethylated polycyclic γ‐sultines with two adjacent tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters in 49–95% yields, which can be further readily functionalized towards bulky two adjacent tetrasubstituted carbon‐containing benzo‐fused γ‐sultone and mercaptoalkanol. Sodium fluoroalkanesulfinates were utilized as bifunctionalization reagents for both fluoromethyl groups and SO2. The cyclization proceeds through a stepwise photoinduced radical addition followed by an intramolecular 5‐exo‐tet anionic substitution cyclization after SO2 insertion.
DFT Study of High‐Curie‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in α‐borophene Nanoribbons for Spintronic Applications
Authors: Vatankhahan Adeleh , Movlarooy Tayebeh
Published: August 2023

The aim is to tune the stability, as well as electronic and magnetic characteristics of zigzag α‐borophene nanoribbons (ZαBNRs) based on density functional theory. For this reason, the bare ZαBNR and its passivated edges by a single nitrogen atom (N‐ZαBNR) and also Mn‐ and Cr‐doped N‐ZαBNR is investigated. The results indicate that the nanoribbon becomes more stable by passivating the edges of the structure. Furthermore, the calculated electronic structures show that the Cr atom can remove the band gap of N‐ZαBNRs and turn it into metal. Besides, it can create magnetic properties in this structure. The Cr‐ and Mn‐doped N‐ZαBNR turn it into magnetic metal and diluted magnetic semiconductors, respectively. The results reveal a high Curie temperature of more than 700K for Cr‐ and Mn‐doped N‐ZαBNRs, indicating maybe good room‐temperature ferromagnetic material for spintronic applications in the future.
Impact of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis on quality of life
Authors: Al‐Asadi Zayd , Cui Ruifeng , Lombardo Dominic , Dewey John , Ramadan Hassan H. , Makary Chadi A.
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Quality of life (QoL) in patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) is understudied.

QoL for RARS patients is similar to chronic rhinosinusitis patients, although objective disease severity is lower.

QoL of RARS patients is similarly affected during active and inactive infection.
Mapping sleep's oscillatory events as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pulver Rachelle L. , Kronberg Eugene , Medenblik Lindsey M. , Kheyfets Vitaly O. , Ramos Alberto R. , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Toedebusch Cristina D. , Sillau Stefan H , Bettcher Brianne M. , Lucey Brendan P. , McConnell Brice V.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Memory‐associated neural circuits produce oscillatory events including theta bursts (TBs), sleep spindles (SPs), and slow waves (SWs) in sleep electroencephalography (EEG). Changes in the “coupling” of these events may indicate early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.

METHODS

We analyzed 205 aging adults using single‐channel sleep EEG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and Clinical Dementia Rating® (CDR®) scale. We mapped SW‐TB and SW‐SP neural circuit coupling precision to amyloid positivity, cognitive impairment, and CSF AD biomarkers.

RESULTS

Cognitive impairment correlated with lower TB spectral power in SW‐TB coupling. Cognitively unimpaired, amyloid positive individuals demonstrated lower precision in SW‐TB and SW‐SP coupling compared to amyloid negative individuals. Significant biomarker correlations were found in oscillatory event coupling with CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, phosphorylated‐ tau181, and total‐tau.

DISCUSSION

Sleep‐dependent memory processing integrity in neural circuits can be measured for both SW‐TB and SW‐SP coupling. This breakdown associates with amyloid positivity, increased AD pathology, and cognitive impairment.

Highlights

At‐home sleep EEG is a potential biomarker of neural circuits linked to memory.

Circuit precision is associated with amyloid positivity in asymptomatic aging adults.

Levels of CSF amyloid and tau also correlate with circuit precision in sleep EEG.

Theta burst EEG power is decreased in very early mild cognitive impairment.

This technique may enable inexpensive wearable EEGs for monitoring brain health.
Capture of Singlet Oxygen Modulates Host‐Guest Behavior of Coordination Cages
Authors: Jahović Ilma , Yang Yuchong , Ronson Tanya K. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: August 2023

The anthracene panels of two tetrahedral MII4L6 cages, where MII=CoII or FeII, were found to react with photogenerated singlet oxygen (1O2) in a hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction. ESI‐MS analysis showed the cobalt(II) cages to undergo complete transformation of all anthracene panels into endoperoxides, whereas the iron(II) congeners underwent incomplete conversion. The reaction was found to be partially reversible in the case of the 1‐FeII cage. The dioxygen‐cage cycloadducts were found to bind a set of guest molecules more weakly than the parent cages, with affinity dropping by more than two orders of magnitude in some cases. The light‐driven cycloaddition reaction between cage and 1O2 thus served as a stimulus for guest release and reuptake.
The S1′–S3′ Pocket of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Is Critical for Substrate Selectivity and Can Be Targeted with Covalent Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Ming , Li Jihui , Liu Wenqi , Yang Ying , Zhang Manman , Ye Yuxin , Zhu Wenning , Zhou Cuiyan , Zhai Hongbin , Xu Zhengshuang , Zhang Guoliang , Huang Hao
Published: August 2023

The main protease (Mpro) of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a well‐characterized target for antiviral drug discovery. To date, most antiviral drug discovery efforts have focused on the S4–S1′ pocket of Mpro; however, it is still unclear whether the S1′–S3′ pocket per se can serve as a new site for drug discovery. In this study, the S1′–S3′ pocket of Mpro was found to differentially recognize viral peptidyl substrates. For instance, S3′ in Mpro strongly favors Phe or Trp, and S1′ favors Ala. The peptidyl inhibitor D‐4–77, which possesses an α‐bromoacetamide warhead, was discovered to be a promising inhibitor of Mpro, with an IC50 of 0.95 μM and an antiviral EC50 of 0.49 μM. The Mpro/inhibitor co‐crystal structure confirmed the binding mode of the inhibitor to the S1′–S3′ pocket and revealed a covalent mechanism. In addition, D‐4–77 functions as an immune protectant and suppresses SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro‐induced antagonism of the host NF‐κB innate immune response. These findings indicate that the S1′–S3′ pocket of SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro is druggable, and that inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro can simultaneously protect human innate immunity and inhibit virion assembly.