bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SER E NÃO SER, EIS A QUESTÃO: A CRÍTICA DE GÓRGIAS A PARMÊNIDES
Authors: Montenegro Maria Aparecida de Paiva , Castro Hedgar Lopes
Published: December 2024

No presente ensaio damos continuidade ao artigo “A lógica do Ser de Parmênides: entre a poesia e a Filosofia”, em vias de publicação pela Argumentos (revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará). Agora pretendemos mostrar que a crítica de Górgias a Parmênides reside na diferença da concepção de ambos a respeito do ser: enquanto o eleata supõe o ser como identificado ao pensar e ao dizer, Górgias o entende como aquilo que nos afeta a partir das coisas que subsistem. Com isto, promove uma inversão dos enunciados centrais do Poema de Parmênides, afirmando que: 1) Nada existe; 2) Se existisse não poderia ser conhecido; 3) Se pudesse ser conhecido não poderia ser comunicado. Tentaremos mostrar que, além de pôr em xeque o projeto essencialista de Parmênides, inaugurando assim a vertente antiessencialista da filosofia, inverte também o movimento do pensamento do eleata: enquanto este se vale do estilo poético para estabelecer as regras lógicas da investigação filosófica, Górgias parte de uma reflexão lógico-filosófica para romper a identidade Φύσις-λόγος, retomando outra postura poética: a visão trágica, segundo a qual aos mortais não é dado conhecer nem controlar os acontecimentos.
UMA PARÁBOLA COMENTADA DA RAZÃO
Authors: Barroso Cícero Antônio Cavalcante
Published: December 2024

Este ensaio pretende dar uma pequena contribuição para o esforço de tornar mais precisa a compreensão filosófica do conceito de razão, o que é feito em dois movimentos principais. O primeiro movimento apresenta uma parábola sobre o funcionamento da razão, a saber, a estória do Rei Epoqueu e seu conselho. O efeito intencionado é de que o modus operandi da razão seja espelhado pela interação entre as perguntas do rei Epoqueu e os métodos adotados pelo seu conselho para emitir respostas seguras e plausíveis. O segundo movimento consiste em uma análise filosófica da parábola. Tal análise endossa a visão de que a razão é antes de tudo uma capacidade de dar e avaliar razões, e destaca os limites dessa capacidade, bem como os obstáculos ao consenso racional. A discussão culmina com uma reflexão sobre a impossibilidade intrínseca da legitimação racional da razão, e com a sugestão de que nossa confiança na razão provém de algo além da razão.
A POLÍTICA NA ERA DA SOCIEDADE TECNODIGITAL
Authors: Silva Elivanda de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

A presente investigação analisa o pensamento de Hannah Arendt acerca da alienação do ser humano na modernidade e as implicações desse processo na crise política que se gesta na sociedade tecnodigital no cenário atual. Para essa discussão, além das contribuições teóricas de Arendt, exploraremos hermeneuticamente a apropriação que Byung-Chul Han realiza do pensamento da filósofa para examinar, hodiernamente, o mundo infocrático, dominado por códigos digitais que afetam a política e todas as dimensões da vida planetária.
DA FILOSOFIA DA SUBJETIVIDADE À FILOSOFIA DO SER: RESUMO PROGRAMÁTICO
Authors: Oliveira Manfredo
Published: December 2024

Apresenta-se aqui a tradução para o Português de um capítulo do livro Subjektivität und Vermittlung. Studien zur Entwicklung des transzendentalen Denkens bei I. Kant, E. Husserl und H. Wagner (München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1973, [p. 294-322]), de Manfredo Oliveira. O livro foi originalmente a sua Tese de doutorado, defendida em 1971, na Universidade Ludwig-Maxmilian de Munique. A tradução é do próprio autor, revista pelo Prof. Evaldo Sampaio. Em complemento à entrevista concedida por Manfredo Oliveira que integra este dossiê, a tradução inédita deste texto tem o propósito de mostrar como os temas essenciais de sua reflexão já estão presentes naquele primeiro trabalho.
Analisis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Penggunaan Dana BOS (Studi Kasus di SMP Negeri 31 Maluku Tengah)
Authors: Manuhutu Tirza , Adriansyah Adriansyah
Published: December 2024

The School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) is government assistance as an effort to provide quality and affordable education to all levels of society at no cost. To achieve this goal, schools as education providers and recipients of BOS funds must be able to use the principles of accountability and transparency in the management and accountability of financial reports. Using qualitative descriptive methods, research was conducted at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku with the aim of finding out how BOS funds are managed and the implementation of accountability and transparency in financial reporting. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation and documentation methods, while data analysis used data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku has been going well, as shown by the involvement of the BOS Fund management team, teachers and school committees starting from the planning, implementation and accountability stages which are in accordance with the technical instructions for the use of funds. BOSS. The implementation of the principles of accountability and management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku has gone well. Accountability is carried out every quarter, then reporting transparency is shown by an information board regarding the actual use of BOS funds.
Analisis Efektifitas Dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Anggaran Belanja Barang / Operasional Pada Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Pelabuhan Serui
Authors: Abdilla Abdilla , Adriansyah Adriansyah
Published: December 2024

The Serui Port Organizing Unit Office, as part of the Ministry of Transportation, Directorate General of Sea Transportation, is a government entity that is obliged to carry out its duties with transparency, effectiv, efficiency and professionalism. This research aims to investigate the efectiveness and efficiency of budget use at the Serui Port Organizing Unit Office (UPP Serui), the factors that influence it, as well as the impact of the use of information technology and government budget policies. The research method used is quantitative by analyzing data from UPP Serui's financial reports in a certain period. Descriptive analysis is used to evaluate budget allocations and expenditure realization, while regression analysis is used to identify factors that influence efficiency. The research results show that economic growth, political stability, and economic size have a significant influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of budget use, while inflation is not significant. Apart from that, government budget policy also plays an important role in determining the efficiency of budget use at the UPP Serui Office.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Pengetahuan Akuntansi, dan Sikap Love of money Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM Kuliner di Kota Padang
Authors: Sain Muhammad Husain , Djefris Dedy , Handayani Desi
Published: December 2024

This research aims to identify the impact of tax knowledge, accounting knowledge, and love of money attitudes on taxpayer compliance among Culinary MSMEs in Padang City. The study was conducted on MSMEs in Padang City, with a sample size 100. MSME actors were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires directly to MSME participants. The data analysis techniques included partial hypothesis testing with a t-test and simultaneous hypothesis testing using an F-test. The results of this case study indicate that tax knowledge has a positive effect, accounting knowledge does not have a significant effect, and the love of money attitude also does not significantly impact taxpayer compliance among Culinary MSMEs in Padang City.
Study the Structural and Optical Properties (Energy Gap) of Polythiophene/MWCNT/SnO2 Nanocomposite as an NO2 Gas Sensor
Authors: Jasim Faten Adnan , A.A.Hassan Thamir
Published: December 2024

The polythiophene (PTh) is of great interest in various applications due to its unique electrical, mechanical and structural. In this work, PTh was synthesized using the oxidation method by employing ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidizing agent, Then the nanocomposite polythiophene: Multi walled carbon nanotubes: Tin (IV) oxide (PTh/MWCNT/SnO2) was prepared by adding constant weight ratio of MWCNT(0.7g) and different weight ratios of  SnO2 (0.1, and 0.5g) using the oxidation method. The FE-SEM images of the pure PTh and the nanocomposite showed an apparent change in the morphological composition of the surface. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PTh/ MWCNT/SnO2 nanocomposites show the appearance of clear peaks for SnO2, while there are broad peaks for MWCNT. As for the polymer, its behavior is random. The morphology of these nanocomposites shows that the nanotubes were not well aligned and were randomly entangled. The Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the pure and nanocomposite samples prepared by chemical method in the range of 450-4000 cm-1 wave number are recognized the chemical pledges (bonds) as well as functional groups in the compound. The band gap energy decreased from 3.53 into 2.78 and 2.97 when SnO2 was added. The sensitivity of the two nanocomposites shows a good enhancement 14.6% and 62% at temperature 150oC as gas sensor.
Study of Some Structural and Optical Properties for Synthesized Graphene/Polyaniline/Zns Nanocomposite
Authors: Salman Elaf Kareem , Muhammed Ghaida Salman
Published: December 2024

Hybrid graphene (GR)/ polyaniline (PANI) based composites incorporating zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were synthesized using the drop-casting method. The weight percentage of ZnS was varied from 0.01 to 0.05%. The optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposite were examined utilizing  X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The qualities and dimensions of the GR, PANI, and  ZnS NPs and nanoparticle morphology resulting from the nanocomposite process were examined. Utilizing energy dispersive energy X-ray dispersive (EDX), the weight percentage of each element can be verified. The widening sharp peaks in the XRD patterns suggested the creation of a nanocrystalline phase of ZnS with a crystallite size of less than 50 nm. SEM demonstrated the interaction between ZnS nanoparticles and graphene/polyaniline. Surface topography examination using AFM shows that ZnS NPs may be effectively dispersed on top of GR/PANI structures. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) showed a small absorption peak at the wavelength of 459.34nm and a broad absorption peak at 652nm.
Fabrication of Different Types of Photodetectors Based on Carbon Quantum Dots/Alq3 Organic Material
Authors: Mohammed Jawad Mina , A. Abdullah Lamees
Published: December 2024

In this work, the properties of the photodetector were improved by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (III) (Alq3) polymer when deposited on glass and silicon substrates. CQDs were prepared using an electrochemical method. Two methods of deposition were used; the first was drop casting, and the other was spin coating. The structural, electrical, and optical properties were studied. Measurements were made of the manufactured photoconductive detector's current-voltage (I–V) properties, photocurrent gain, response time, and quantum efficiency, responsivity. The constructed detector's performance was measured without light and using a 250-watt tungsten lamp, whose wavelength range was between 500 and 800 nm. The results showed that the best photodetector was when carbon quantum dots were used with Alq3 deposited on a silicon substrate using the drop-casting method (CQD:Alq3/Si). It was observed that the best gain, fastest rise, fall, and response times were 7.97, 0.98, 1.1, and 0.34 s, respectively.
Study Evapotranspiration in Iraq Using the Penniman-Monteith Equation for the Period (2008-2020)
Authors: Azeez Tabarak R. , Jowad Laith A.
Published: December 2024

Evapotranspiration is considered an essential element for the stability of the ecosystem due to its importance in many aspects, including the water cycle, which is an important source of fresh water for humans, animals and plants. It also influences climate and temperatures and regulates weather. It also enters into the design of crop irrigation networks, knowing their water needs to prevent drought and desertification. The Penman-Monteith method is effective and accurate for calculating daily reference evapotranspiration and has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a standard method. This study aims to calculate the variation in evapotranspiration rates in Iraq using the Penman-Monteith method over the past thirteen years (2008-2020) in five equal periods (2008, 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2022). This study showed that the total rates of evapotranspiration are decreasing, and these values ​​peaked in 2008 and then decreased significantly in subsequent years. The reason for this decrease is the decrease in wind speed and the increase in relative humidity. It was found that evapotranspiration rates in the central and southern governorates are higher than in the northern governorates. However, there are deviations in the rates for some stations, such as in 2020, which witnessed a general decrease in evapotranspiration rates, except for some stations that recorded an increase. For example, Khanaqin station recorded the highest increase in evapotranspiration rates, which amounted to 23.6%. The reason for this increase is the increase in temperatures by 5.2% and the decrease in relative humidity by -6.5%.
Investigation of the Nuclear Cross-Sections for Proton Capture Reactionsin the Star Formation Process of the Galaxies
Authors: Muzhir J. Rabab , M. N. Al Najm
Published: December 2024

Understanding the CNO cycle and the proton-proton (p-p) chain is essential for comprehending the development of main sequence stars in the initial stages of spiral and elliptical galaxy formation. This study investigates two nuclear reactions that occur in spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Using theoretical computer software (e.g. OriginPro. software program), we summarized the excitation functions to analyze the (p,γ) interaction cross sections of 7Be(p,γ)8B, 12C(p,γ)13N, 14N(p,γ)15O, and 15N(p, γ)12C. In the p-p series and CNO cycle with energy up to 8 MeV. In this work, we compared the theoretical values from the ENDF/B-VII library with the estimated database of nuclear fusion cross sections in hydrogen-burning stellar objects from CSC-GM and TALYS. For these nuclei, cross sections can be calculated at low energies within the pp chain and CNO cycle.  Therefore, we were able to calculate only four finite elements in the CNO cycle and the pp series.
Optimization of Several Parameters Towards 30% Efficiency Perovskite Based Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Software
Authors: Kadem Burak Yahya , Abbas Ehsan M.
Published: December 2024

A simulated perovskite solar cell based on a P3HT/MAPbI3/C60 structure is examined to achieve 30% PCE using SCAPS-1D software. Several aspects of the perovskite layer were evaluated, including the perovskite layer thickness, CB and VB effective density of state, band gap, and electron affinity. These factors show great influence on the device performance. The best device based on the best examined parameter has exhibited a PCE of 32.1% correlated with FF of 84.8%, VOC of 1.23V and JSC of 30.77 mA.cm-2. Such a result is promising towards achieving high PCE for perovskite-based solar cells by optimizing several factors, including active layer thickness, energy band gap, electron affinity, and effective state density for CB and VB. However, for the experimentally produced solar cells, the preparation condition and other factors may render this result. A low effective DOS of (1x1016m-3) is desired for both CB and VB to achieve high solar cell performance.
Sensitivity of Newly Prepared Nanomaterials to NO2 Gas and its Importance on Environmental and Industrial Safety
Authors: Jamil Sara Thualfuqar , Al-Abdaly Basim I.
Published: December 2024

Polyaniline (PANI) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) doped with nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposite have emerged as promising materials for gas sensing applications due to their high conductivity and surface area. This study improves the synthesized PANI/MnO2:NiO nanocomposites' sensitivity towards NO2 gas. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the produced nanocomposites. More precise methods were investigated to identify problems associated with oxidation, corrosion and sensor activity, such as increasing the amount of added nickel oxide, changing the structure of nanocomposites, and regulating the working temperature and humidity. Based on the results of this study, it is critical to comprehend how sensitive nanomaterials are to NO2 gas because exposure to this pollutant can negatively impact the environment and human health. Strategies to reduce its effects and improve industrial and environmental safety can be devised based on how nanomaterials react to nitrogen dioxide gas. We also examine antioxidants and PANI/MnO2:NiO nanocomposites for their anti-corrosion properties to guarantee long-term stability with the sensor's conductivity. Strong antioxidant and corrosion-resistant substances should be added to the sensor to extend its lifespan and maintain its performance under challenging operating conditions. Integrating these sensitive nanomaterials into gas-sensing devices can significantly improve environmental monitoring and industrial safety protocols, ultimately contributing to better air quality management and public health protection.
Nuclear Structure Study Using Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) Method
Authors: Aldulaimi Sahar M. , A. Alzubadi Ali
Published: December 2024

The current study uses the relativistic mean field approach to investigate the nuclear structure of selected even-even neutron-rich nuclei spanning from the stability line to the neutron drip line. Specifically, the nuclei studied include 16–28O, 30–42Si, 48–60Ca, 56–68Ni, 88–100Kr, 96–122Ru, 140–152Ba, 142–154Sm, and 150–162Er. The relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) method was applied, incorporating effective density-dependent point coupling (DD-PC) and density-dependent meson exchange (DD-ME) interactions. The impact of these interactions was demonstrated through the calculation of various nuclear structure properties, including binding energy (BE), kinetic energy (KE), pairing energy (PE), root mean square (rms) charge radius, two-neutron separation energy (S2n), mass densities (ρm), and triaxial deformation. The calculated results were compared with the available experimental data. It is clear that the RMF approach, particularly with the DD-ME2 and DD-PC1 effective interactions, proved to be a valuable tool for studying nuclear properties near the drip lines and away from stability, providing insights into the behavior of exotic or halo nuclei.
Electrospun PAN@Ferrites Nanofibers for Rectifier and Humidity Devices
Authors: Rijah Ban Abbas , Ali Iftikhar M.
Published: December 2024

Zinc cobalt ferrite (ZnCoFe2O4) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) were prepared using the sol-gel synthesis. composite materials, PAN@CoFe2O4 and PAN@ZnCoFe2O4, were created by combining polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer with ZnCoFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4. Electrospinning was used to apply thin coatings onto glass and p-Si wafers. The synthesized fibre for both pure PAN polymers and their ferrite-based composites was illustrated in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the PAN polymer exhibits a prominent peak at a precise angle of 29. 3345°.The size of this peak remains constant in PAN composites containing ZnCoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4. Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) shows that absorptions have stretching vibrations between metal and oxygen. Nanofiber composites display non-ohmic characteristics, as evidenced by current-voltage (I-V) tests. PAN nanofibers display conductive properties, whilst their ferrite composites demonstrate rectification behaviour at room temperature when subjected to a low applied field. For PAN NFs, there is no effect when relative humidity percentage increases and decreases, but with adding ferrite materials PAN@ZnFe2O4 and PAN@ZnCoFe2O4 where, there is a significant change in resistance when humidity increases and decreases.
SISTEM KENDALI PENYIRAM BIBIT CABAI OTOMATIS BERBASIS IOT DENGAN KONTROL APLIKASI BLYNK
Authors: Hanifudin Tahier Ahmad Ridlo , Ahmad Fa’iq Sholahuddin  , Ihsanudin Abdullah Aziz
Published: December 2024

Soil moisture is the main aspect that needs to be considered so that plants are maintained and grow well. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices connected to the internet, enabling them to collect and share data. This research produces a system that will maintain soil moisture for chili plant seeds at the ideal range and can be controlled remotely via a device connected to the Internet (IoT), using a soil moisture sensor to detect the level of soil dryness. If the soil is detected as dry, the pump will activate and spray until the humidity in the soil increases. Once the humidity in the soil increases to the upper limit, the pump will automatically stop. However, on the other hand, if the soil is initially detected as wet, the pump will remain inactive and the pump will be active when the moisture in the soil is dry. The chili plant watering monitoring system can be carried out at close range using an LCD and remotely using the Internet of Things via the Blynk application. This system can maintain the soil moisture percentage value at 65% with the time needed to increase soil moisture from dry conditions is 2 minutes 11 seconds
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS MELALUI OPTIMALISASI PLATFORM MERDEKA MENGAJAR OLEH GURU
Authors: Rosyidah Aminatur Rosyidah , Elok Hidayah  , Faridatul Amanah
Published: December 2024

Learning innovation is one of the main keys in improving the quality of education in the digital era. This research aims to examine the utilization of Merdeka Mengajar platform by teachers as an innovative effort in the learning process in the classroom. This platform is designed to give teachers the freedom to design and implement learning that is more creative, adaptive, and in accordance with student needs. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes how the role of the Merdeka Mengajar Platform can assist teachers in supporting the implementation of the independent curriculum and find out how teachers use the features in the platform to create a more interactive and student-centered learning atmosphere. The results show that Merdeka Mengajar Platform helps teachers design more varied learning methods, provide wider access to materials, and increase student involvement in the learning process. In addition, this platform also supports collaboration between teachers and the continuous development of teacher professionalism. Thus, the use of Merdeka Mengajar has the potential to be an innovative solution in overcoming learning challenges in the digital era, especially in the context of independent and comprehensive learning.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT MONITORING SUHU DAN POLUSI KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) DI WILAYAH TEMBALANG BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Authors: Hanifudin Tahier Ahmad Ridlo , Rifqi Khairullah Muhamad  , Daffa Maulana Fariza  , Raihan Ramadhan  , Yoga Reksandiko Rasyidin  , Aprillia Ainun Rahmi
Published: December 2024

Increased urban mobility and activity can generate increased gaseous and particulate emissions, which can have an impact on air quality and public health. Therefore, it is important to understand environmental conditions in depth and develop innovative solutions to monitor and address environmental affects in Semarang City. The design of a monitoring tool for temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the Tembalang area based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is the focus of the research which includes the application of NodeMCU ESP8266 technology, MQ-7 gas sensor, and DHT11 temperature sensor. This research focuses on learning basic concepts in developing IoT applications for environmental monitoring, with the main purpose of monitoring temperature and carbon monoxide pollution levels in the Tembalang area. During the research, the researchers observed the vehicle traffic being both busy and quiet. From the research data, the average value of temperature, humidity and CO gas levels at peak times were 31.4, 83.14% and 9.7 ppm, respectively. While in quiet traffic condition, the average values of temperature, humidity and CO gas levels are 29.8, 84.07% and 1.67 ppm, respectively. In addition, this research also successfully displays data online through the Thingspeak online platform which can be accessible to the public from anywhere through the website.
MODIFIKASI SERAT ALAM DAN KARAKTERISASINYA SEBAGAI PENGUAT MATERIAL KOMPOSIT
Authors: Elok Elok Hidayah , Umi Lailatul Jamilah
Published: December 2024

Environmental concerns have influenced a number of researchers to develop nature-based composite materials. These composite materials are composed of fibers and matrix, which are partially or completely derived from nature. Natural fibers are widely applied to reduce the utilization of synthetic fibers. However, natural fibers have hydrophilic properties that make it difficult to interact with the matrix, which tends to be hydrophobic. This condition results in the weak mechanical strength of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. It is necessary to modify the surface of natural fibers, so that the interaction between natural fibers and the matrix can be improved, so that the resulting mechanical strength also increases. A number of analyses on natural fiber surface modification are discussed in this article to discuss the effect of each natural fiber surface modification method, as well as its characteristics when applied as reinforcement in composite materials. The analysis in this article includes several modification methods such as: alkalization, silane, and acetylation, as well as composite mechanical characteristics such as: tensile strength and elastic modulus. The analysis process is carried out by collecting several reference sources from books, and scientific articles accredited by national or international journals. Among the three methods analyzed, alkalization is the most widely applied method for natural fiber surface modification.
Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) as a Waste Processing Strategy to Support Increasing Crop Production: a Review
Authors: Haryanta Dwi , Widya Surya Ari
Published: December 2024

The study aims to compare various information discussions about LOF viewed from various needs so that complete information is presented, making it easier for practitioners to find information about LOF so that they can practice in many alternative choices, providing an overview of the variation and diversity of problems related to LOF including sources of raw materials, effects of LOF treatment on plants, application techniques and others. Information about LOF is taken from research papers or ideas published in reputable international journals to national journals that have not been accredited. Liquid organic fertilizer can be made from various types of waste such as rice washing water, banana stems, food scraps, market waste, kitchen waste, fish offal, water hyacinth, weed leaves, solid/liquid animal waste (buffalo, cow, goat, rabbit, chicken), shrimp, seaweed, sprouts, catfish waste and coffee grounds. LOF application by spraying or pouring on plants, dilution with a concentration of 1 ml - 60 ml per liter of solution. LOF application has a very real effect to no real effect on plant growth and yield. Liquid organic fertilizer as one of the organic waste processing products to support increased agricultural production.
Allelopathy Test of Cyperus Rotundus Extract on Germination and Early Growth of Spiny Amaranth Weed (Amaranthus spinosus)
Authors: Amrullah Riyan , Indarwati Indarwati , Susilo Achmadi
Published: December 2024

Nut grass is defined as a weed that can reduce agricultural yields because it contains allelopathic compounds which have a negative impact on the sprouts and initial growth rate of spinach weed. The written research aims to find out whether allelopathic extracts from sedge grass can influence the germination and initial growth of thorn spinach weed. The research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments, each repeated six times. The treatment is defined as: A0 as a control with water, A1 with 50 grams of tekhi per liter of water, A2 with 100 grams of tekhi per liter of water, and A3 with 150 grams of tekhi per liter of water. The results of the study showed that in treatment A3 (150g tekhi/L water) on the last day, the allelopathic extract of tekhi caused abnormalities in 75.17% of spinach spinach seed sprouts. In polybags, A3 treatment (150g tekhi/L water) on the last day reduced the growth rate of the number of seedlings from 25 plants to only 1 plant (96%), with a seedling height of 1 cm and a number of leaves of 3.67 pieces. The higher the treatment dose, the greater the effect in suppressing germination and initial growth of thorn spinach weed.
Pelatihan Sistem Cloud Computing Menggunakan Layanan Dropbox Bagi Mahasiswa Baru
Authors: Saputra Gilang , Prasetyo Muhammad Rasyid , Maulana Farrel Rizqullah Ilham , Ikhsan Teguh Pribadi
Published: December 2024

Cloud computing is a combination of computer technology and internet-based development. Cloud computing uses the term "cloud", or cloud, to describe the internet, which is often depicted on computer network diagrams. Cloud computing capacity is an information technology service that can be accessed via the internet without knowing the infrastructure behind it. This opens up the possibility of accessing and using technology more efficiently and flexibly. The development of information technology, especially cloud computing, has had a significant impact in various fields, including education. Cloud computing changes the way information technology is distributed and accessed, providing opportunities for educational institutions to access data and educational resources more efficiently and flexibly. It also helps educational institutions to focus more on core educational processes without having to manage technology infrastructure directly. Teaching about cloud computing is becoming increasingly important. Because through an introduction to the basic concepts, types, benefits and practical applications of cloud computing, students can understand the importance of this technology in the modern world. Thus, teaching and training measures such as those described in this study are expected to help increase the understanding and application of cloud computing among students, preparing them for the challenges and opportunities in the ever-evolving digital era.
Instant Organoleptic Test of Kencur Rice with Various Types of Sugar as Sweeteners
Authors: Herawati Jajuk , Thohiron Mochamad , Indarwati Indarwati , Gusti Anggi Septian Eridho
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to determine the level of preference of the panelists in the instant organoleptic test of kencur rice with various kinds of sugar as sweeteners. The research was carried out in June – July 2023 at the Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. The one-factor Complete Random Design Research Method (RAL) consists of 3 treatments of sugar sources (G) as sweeteners, namely G1 = sugar sweetener; G2 = brown sugar sweetener; G3 = palm sugar sweetener. The observation parameters were through a hedonic test on the properties of the product, namely taste, aroma, texture, color, and physical appearance, as well as determining the level of preference of the panelists for kencur rice instant drink from 3 types of sugar as sweeteners.  Each treatment was repeated three times with 10 panelists per repetition. This Hedonic test with sensory analysis of kencur rice instant products is used to estimate what products are most liked by the panelists with the level of preference. The method used in the Hedonic Test with sensory analysis, consists of 5 levels: (1) very disliked, (2) disliked, (3) mediocre, (4) liked, and (5) strongly liked. The results of the research show that the type of sugar has an effect on the acceptance of the sweetness level of the panelists. Organoleptic test on product properties: palm sugar has an advantage in aroma, brown sugar has an advantage in texture, then granulated sugar has an advantage in color and physical appearance.
Circular Management of Tree Pruning Waste in City Park Management (Case Study in South Surabaya)
Authors: Albukhori Azizah , Haryanta Dwi , Sa'adah Tatuk Tojibatus
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe in depth the flow and management of circular tree pruning waste management to the management of urban parks in South Surabaya. This study uses a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted for six months from January to July 2024 and the research location focused on South Surabaya city parks and green lanes along Jl. A. Yani to Jl. Raya Darmo which are included in the South Surabaya area. Primary and secondary data sources. Data collection methods by interviews, documentation and observation. Data analysis uses triangulation analysis. The results of the study show that the management of city parks and green paths in South Surabaya produces tree pruning waste that is used as compost and distributed to city parks and green paths. The management of composting waste is an activity that aims to reduce organic waste and create environmentally friendly circular management. This management management strategy results in a good Green Open Space with fresh and green plants. Circular management activities provide benefits for city parks and green lanes in South Surabaya.
Characterization of Bacterial Blight Pathogen on Rice Plants in Sidoarjo
Authors: Sayekti Ninik Ari , Purnawati Arika , Lestari Safira Rizka
Published: December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop for all Indonesian people. Rice production in Indonesia in 2019 experienced a decline in production. Plant disease attacks are a factor that influences the decline in rice production. Bacterial leaf blight is an important disease in rice plants that can cause yield losses of up to 50%. Characterization of disease-causing bacteria needs to be carried out to develop appropriate, effective and efficient control in suppressing the development of bacterial leaf blight. The aim of this research was to characterize the morphological and physiological characteristics of the bacteria that cause bacterial leaf blight. The method used in this research included the isolation of bacteria that cause bacterial leaf blight disease carried out on rice plantations in Pulungan Village, Sedati, Sidoarjo. Identification is carried out through macroscopic and microscopic observations, analysis of physiological properties through the gram staining test, fermentative oxidative test, yellow colony test on YDC media, urease test, hypersensitivity test, and pathogenicity test. The results of the research show that the bacteria that cause bacterial leaf blight have the morphological characteristics of being yellow, round and shiny. The physiological characteristics of the bacterial isolate are gram-negative bacteria, are oxidative, yellow in YDC media, and react negatively in the urease test.
Analisis Makna Kiasan yang Terkandung dalam Lirik Lagu ”Mengapa” Karya Mario G. Klau
Authors: Dalimunthe Elvi Susana , Amaliyah Raudhatul , Mangunsong Sri Emelda , Sari Yuliana , Adisaputera Abdurahman
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai Analisis Makna Kiasan yang Terkandung dalam Lirik Lagu Mengapa Karya Mario G. Klau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna yang terkandung pada lagu tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskriftif kualitatif, data penelitian ini menggunakan lirik lagu ”Mengapa” Karya Mario G. Klau, teknik analisis yang dilakukan, mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, mendeskripsikan, menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat beberapa bentuk makna yaitu, makna leksikal, makna gramatikal, asosiatif serta terdapat ragam makna yang terdiri dari repetisi(pengulangan), sinonim (persamaan), dan antonimi (lawan kata), (2) makna gramatikal yang terdiri dari proses afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan komposisi, (3) makna asosiasi yang terdiri dari makna konotatif, afektif, dan kolokatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar pembaca memahami dan membedakan ragam makna semantik dalam bahasa.
Analisis Wacana Tekstual dan Kontekstual Pada Pidato Kenegaraan Presiden Joko Widodo dalam Sidang MPR RI 2024
Authors: Mukminin Muhamad Saiful , Wulandari Ni Wayan Novi , Pratekawati Putu Sri , Noveintine Dhanesvar Karel , Sari Yona Tirta
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wacana tekstual dan kontekstual pada pidato kenegaraan Presiden Joko Widodo dalam Sidang MPR RI 2024. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengungkapan fenomena linguistik yang terdapat dalam teks pidato. Data yang digunakan berupa transkripsi pidato yang diambil dari video resmi di kanal YouTube Kompas TV. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan catat, sementara analisis data mengadopsi model interaktif, yang melibatkan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pidato Presiden Joko Widodo mencakup dua jenis aspek wacana, yakni tekstual dan kontekstual. Pada aspek tekstual, ditemukan dua fokus utama: gramatikal dan leksikal. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam kajian analisis wacana, terutama dalam memahami struktur dan konteks bahasa yang digunakan dalam pidato kenegaraan.
SİSMİK DEĞİŞİM: RUSYA’NIN AVRUPA KONSEYİ’NDEN İHRACI VE REYKJAVİK ZİRVESİ SONRASI KONSEY’İN GELECEĞİ
Authors: Acar Eray
Published: December 2024

Avrupa Konseyi, Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya karşı başlattığı saldırı savaşı sonrası 16 Mart 2022’de Rusya’nın Konsey’den ihraç edilmesine karar verdi. Rusya’nın girişimi, Konseyin üzerine inşa olduğu temel değerler ile açık bir uyumsuzluk teşkil etmesi, Avrupa’daki mevcut siyasi-hukuki düzeni tehdit etmesi bağlamında “sismik değişim” olarak nitelenmiştir. Bu tehditin sonrasında Konsey 4. Devlet ve Hükümet Başkanları Zirvesi’ni 18 yıllık bir aradan sonra 16-17 Mayıs 2023 tarihlerinde Reykjavik’te düzenlemeye karar verdi. Bu çalışmada Zirve’nin Avrupa Konseyi’nin işleyişi içerisindeki yeri ve Konsey’in Avrupa’da insan hakları, demokrasi ve hukukun üstünlüğünü koruma amacı bağlamındaki güncel konumu irdelenecektir. Reykjavik Zirvesi, daha önce 1993’te Viyana’da, 1997’de Strazburg’ta ve 2005’te Varşova’da düzenlenen Zirveler’in içerikleri, bu toplantıları çevreleyen koşullar doğrultusunda karşılaştırılmaktadır. Kriz anlarında güçlü siyasi mesaj vermek adına düzenlenen bu toplantılar, Avrupa Konseyi için istisnai veya kriz olarak addedilen durumların ortaya konması bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Devlet ve Hükümet Başkanları Zirveleri’nin karşılaştırılması ve güncel gelişmelerle birlikte değerlendirilmesi yoluyla Avrupa Konseyi’nin geleceğine dönük bir yön tahminine ulaşmak amaçlanmaktadır.
ФУНКЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ АНГЛІЙСЬКИХ КОГНІТИВНИХ ДІЄСЛІВ У НАРАТИВІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ТВОРІВ М. ЕТВУД)
Authors: Ділай Ірина
Published: December 2024

The paper identifi es and systematically substantiates the peculiarities of the functioning of English
cognitive verbs in the literary discourse. The material of the study is the cognitive verbs in the novels of
the famous contemporary Canadian postmodernist writer Margaret Atwood. The research is theoretically
framed by the works on lexical and functional semantics of (cognitive) verbs (K. Aijmer, D. Biber,
M. A. K. Halliday, A. Fetzer, I Dilai, etc.), as well as by the works on narratology (I. Bekhta, G. Freytag,
etc.). The study’s methodological framework is a comprehensive application of the corpus analysis of
empirical textual data using the psychometric software LIWC, discourse analysis, and M. A. K. Halliday’s
metafunctional analysis.
Based on the classifi cation of linguistic metafunctions proposed by M. A. K. Halliday, the cognitive
verbs in the narrative mainly perform the ideational metafunction, which lies in construing human
experience. The ideational linguistic metafunction of the cognitive verbs realized in the works refl ects
the internalized structures of the narrator’s and characters’ consciousness and appeals to the reader’s
active mental cooperation. Thus, English cognitive verbs in the narrative act as explicit markers of the
internalization of speech. They are represented by the corresponding mental processes which alternate
in the narrative as a linear sequence of processes with diff erent intensity. It has been revealed that the
distribution of the cognitive verbs in the novels is mostly uneven, although refl ects a certain pattern
associated with the canonical principles of the structural organization of the narrative. According to the
narrative arc (Boyd et al., 2020), the cognitive verbs become most frequent in the middle and closer
to the end of the narrative as explicit markers of cognitive tension – the third (main) stage of narrative
progression. Cognitive tension refl ects the peak of psychological tension due to the need to resolve the
confl ict and constitutes the climax of the narrative. At this stage, characters are actively engaged in confl ict
resolution making numerous mental efforts.
In addition to the ideational metafunction, some cognitive verbs, in particular those which serve as
discourse markers, such as I think, I believe, perform the interpersonal metafunction. As a rule, they are
found in the direct speech (dialogues) and aim to construct a common mental experience, cooperation with
the interlocutor (and the reader) based on intersubjectivity.
LIWC helped to inventory, quantify, and follow the distribution of the cognitive verbs in seven novels
by M. Atwood. Deviations in the frequencies and distribution are perceived as indicators of the author’s
idiostyle and genre peculiarities.
Thus, the realization of the functional potential of the cognitive verbs and the peculiarities of their
distribution in the narrative canvas have been identifi ed and substantiated.
Key words: cognitive verbs, narrative, function, metafunction, M. Atwood.
ЕТИМОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Жовтяк Владислав
Published: December 2024

The article aims at conducting etymological analysis of the English terminology of cybersecurity which
has become topical under the conditions of a full-scale invasion into Ukraine and a growing cyberthreat
to computer networks and applications all over the world. In spite of numerous works on the topic, there
remains a range of uninvestigated issues concerning the origin of English cybersecurity terms. Cybersecurity
is defi ned as measures to protect a person, organization or country and their computer information against
crime or attacks carried out using the Internet. 450 terms from the Glossary of Cyber Security Terms were
analyzed with a help of Online Etymology Dictionary. Methodology of investigation combines structural
and etymological analyses. As a result of the structural analysis, the terms under study were subdivided into
one-component and multicomponent ones. It was found that three quarters of the studied terms appear to
be complex in their structure. The fi ndings of etymological analysis revealed that they are predominantly of
Latin origin, while the second place among them is shared by the terms of a mixed Latin-Greek and English-
Latin origin. They are followed in number by word-combinations of Latin origin with both Germanic roots
(9.3%) and English proper elements (9.3%). The least represented appeared to be the terms of Greek-Italian
and Greek-Arabic hybrid origin, as well as combinations of American English and Italian. The remaining
106 one-component terms were also under consideration, among which the Latin-language term elements
of the cybersecurity system prevail, making up a tenth part of the analyzed material. Other sources of the
studied terms (Greek, Dutch, Germanic, Old Norse, Celtic, African, Arabic, and blending) turned out to
be considerably less characteristic of the studied material and are represented by only 1–2% of examples
including both direct and indirect borrowings. Thus, the vast majority of the terms studied (76%) are of
mixed (Greek-Latin-Old English) origin, a tenth of each (10%) are terms of English proper and Germanic
languages, as well as of Latin origin. In conclusion, the outcomes of etymological analysis revealed that
English terminology of cyber security is predominantly a hybrid mixture of classical Latin-Greek roots with
English elements.
Key words: etymology, cybersecurity, terminology, Latin, Greek, one-component terms, multicomponent
terms.
ПОТЕНЦІЙНА МАНІФЕСТАЦІЯ СИНТАГМАТИЧНОЇ БІФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЗНАЧИМОСТІ КВАЛІФІКАТИВНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТАРНИХ ЗНАКІВ У СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ
Authors: Максимчук Богдан , Арабська Ірина
Published: December 2024

The paper proceeds from the authors’ conception of the lingual status of the adjectival qualifi cative
words in compliance with which the elementary qualifi cative units as elements of the lexicon are bestowed
with an implicit categorial meaning. The essence of the latter consists in the ability of an elementary sign
to evince itself in the subject predicate structure of the actual and potential sentences preserving within a
syntagmatic bifunctionality its semantic identity. The categorial meaning of such units as a part of speech
is shaped on their relatedness to the carriers of the property (S:P) in the form of qualifi cative attribution. It
proves to be the identifi cation base of the newly forged, within a system of parts of speech, category of the
qualifi cator, realized against the background of the real and potential predication. The potential predication
can exist both in the foundation of the real predication and in the deep structure of the actual sentences in the
form of degraded predicates, predicative attributes, object predicates as well as subject depicters. The present
paper provides a typology of diff erent kinds and ways of the embodiment of a systemic bifunctionality of the
elementary sign in the deep structures of the actual sentences on the premise of the principles of generative
and latent rammars. The study led us to determine the quantitative and qunlitative nature of the maifestation
of the syntagmatic signifi cance of the elementary signs in the “collapsed events“ as well as in the realized
propositional nominations and structurally diverse potential utterances.
Key words: potential predication, systemic bifunctionality, elementary sign, qualifi cator, syntagmatic
signifi cance, propositional nomination.
СИСТЕМИ ЗНАННЯ В ГАЛУЗЕВОМУ АНГЛІЙСЬКОМОВНОМУ СЛОВНИКУ
Authors: Брона Олена
Published: December 2024

The study examines a potential for developing a concept-based dictionary of English geological
terminology focusing on domain knowledge and semantic features. The results indicate that thematic
structuring around domain concepts signifi cantly enhances the representation of geological knowledge.
By utilising English academic and educational corpora, the methodology incorporated cognitive linguistic
theory, ontological principles, and advanced text corpus analysis. It was determined that organising terms
hierarchically according to domain concepts improves the accuracy of knowledge representation. The study
evaluated the impact of concept-based structuring on eff ective knowledge transmission, demonstrating its
capacity to facilitate better communication among experts and novices. The proposed dictionary structure
highlights the importance of precise and systemic organisation in capturing complex semantic relationships.
Key words: cognitive linguistics, concept-based dictionary, domain knowledge, English geological
terminology, ontological structure.