bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in CFTR-dependent ‘β-sweating’ among healthy adults
Authors: DeRose Lesje , Kim Jeeyeon , Farahmand Miesha , Shinbashi Meagan Y. , Joo Nam Soo , Wine Jeffrey J.
Published: March 2022

The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) results when mutations in the gene for the anion channel CFTR reduce CFTR’s activity below a critical level. CFTR activity = N·PO·γ (number of channels x open probability x channel conductance). Small molecules are now available that partially restore CFTR function with dramatic improvements in health of CF subjects. Continued evaluation of these and other compounds in development will be aided by accurate assessments of CFTR function. However, measuring CFTR activity in vivo is challenging and estimates vary widely. The most accurate known measure of CFTR activity in vivo is the ‘β/M’ ratio of sweat rates, which is produced by stimulation with a β-adrenergic agonist cocktail referenced to the same individual’s methacholine-stimulated sweat rate. The most meaningful metric of CFTR activity is to express it as a percent of normal function, so it is critical to establish β/M carefully in a population of healthy control subjects. Here, we analyze β/M from a sample of 50 healthy adults in which sweat rates to cholinergic and β-adrenergic agonists were measured repeatedly (3 times) in multiple, (~50) identified sweat glands from each individual (giving ~20,000 measurements). The results show an approximately 7-fold range, 26–187% of the WT average set to 100%. These provide a benchmark against which other measures of CFTR activity can be compared. Factors contributing to β/M variation in healthy controls are discussed.
Effects of horizontal displacement and inter-character spacing on transposed-character effects in same-different matching
Authors: Massol Stéphanie , Grainger Jonathan
Published: March 2022

In two same-different matching experiments we investigated whether transposed-character effects can be modulated by the horizontal displacement or inter-character spacing of target stimuli (strings of 6 consonants, digits, or symbols). Reference and target stimuli could be identical or differed either by transposing or substituting two characters. Transposition costs (greater difficulty in detecting a difference with transpositions compared with substitutions) were greater for letter stimuli compared to both digit and symbol stimuli in both experiments. In Experiment 1, half of the targets were displayed at the center of the screen and the other half were shifted by two character-positions to the left or to the right, whereas the reference was always presented at the center of the screen. Target displacement made the task harder and caused an increase in transposition costs whatever the type of stimulus. In Experiment 2, all stimuli were presented at the center of the screen and the inter-character spacing of target stimuli was increased by one character space on half of the trials. Increased spacing made the task harder and paradoxically caused an increase in transposition costs, but only significantly so for letter stimuli, and only in the discriminability (d’) measure. These results suggest that target location and inter-character spacing manipulations caused an increase in positional uncertainty during the processing of location-specific complex features prior to activation of a location-invariant representation of character-in-string order. The hypothesized existence of a letter-specific order encoding mechanism accounts for the greater transposition costs seen with letter stimuli, as well as the greater modulation of these effects by an increase in inter-character spacing seen in discriminability (d’).
An efficient algorithm calculating common solvent accessible volume
Authors: Kim In Jung , Na Hyuntae
Published: March 2022

The solvent accessible surface area and the solvent accessible volume are measurements commonly used in implicit solvent models to include the effect of forces exerted by solvents on the protein surfaces (or the atoms on protein surfaces). The two measurements have limitations in describing interactions between proteins (or proteins’ atoms) mediated/bridged by solvents. This is because describing the interactions between proteins should be able to capture the chain of protein-solvent-protein interactions while the solvent accessible surface area or the solvent accessible volume can capture only protein-solvent interactions. If we represent the solvent as a continuous medium, we can consider an atom of a protein can effectively interact with the solvent within a certain distance from its surface (or its own solvent-interacting sphere). In this case, the protein-solvent-protein interactions can be measured by the amount of solvent interacting with two proteins’ atoms at the same time (or the volume shared by the two atoms’ solvent-interacting spheres excluding the volumes occupied by proteins’ atoms). We call the shared volume as the common solvent accessible volume (CSAV); there has been no method developed to determine the CSAV. In this work, we propose a new sweep-line-based method that efficiently calculates the common solvent accessible volume. The performance and accuracy of the proposed sweep-line-based method are compared with those of the naïve voxel-based method. The proposed method takes log-linear time to the number of atoms involved in a CSAV calculation and linear time to the resolution. Our results, tested with 52 protein structures of various sizes, show that the proposed sweep-line-based method is superior to the voxel-based method in both computational efficiency and accuracy.
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum attenuates UV-induced skin carcinogenesis and immunosuppression
Authors: Shahid Ayaz , Huang Matthew , Liu Mandy , Shamim Md Abdullah , Parsa Cyrus , Orlando Robert , Huang Ying
Published: March 2022

The medicinal mushroomGanoderma lucidumis traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a commercial product containing spore and fruiting body in 30:8 ratio (GLSF). Extracts of GLSF and spore component (GLS) were prepared using artificial gastrointestinal juice and examined on JB6 cells. GLSF and GLS dose-dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced JB6 transformation at non-toxic concentrations. SKH-1 mice which were fed with diets containing GLSF (1.25%), GLS (0.99%) or the fruiting body (GLF) (0.26%) were exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV) radiation to assess their effects on skin carcinogenesis. GLSF, but not GLS or GLF, reduced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity. In non-tumor skin tissues of mice, GLSF attenuated UV-induced epidermal thickening, expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and NF-κB, while in tumor tissues, GLSF increased expression of CD8 and Granzyme B. To examine the effects of GLSF on UV-induced immunosuppression, mice which were fed with GLSF were evaluated for the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). GLSF significantly reversed UV-mediated suppression of DNFB-induced CHS by increasing CD8+ and decreasing CD4+ and FoxP3+ T-cells in mouse ears. Therefore, GLSF prevents skin cancer probably via attenuating UV-induced immunosuppression.
Psoriasis comorbidities in Germany: A population-based study on spatiotemporal variations
Authors: Augustin Jobst , Wolf Sandra , Stephan Brigitte , Augustin Matthias , Andrees Valerie
Published: March 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic disease with high impact on patients’ health and their quality of life. Psoriasis often occurs along with other comorbidities, but it is not yet clear what role the comorbidities play in regional psoriasis prevalence. This study investigates the temporal and regional variation of the psoriasis comorbidities diabetes mellitus type II, obesity, hypertension, affective disorders in Germany and their association with psoriasis prevalence. This analysis based on the population set of ambulatory claims data (2010–2017) of the statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany (approx. 70.3 million people in 2017). Psoriasis comorbidities rates were determined on county level. We performed descriptive spatiotemporal analyses of psoriasis comorbidity prevalence rates. In addition, we identified and compared spatial clusters and examined regional variations using spatial statistical methods. The results show strong regional variations (northeast to south gradient) and an increasing psoriasis prevalence (max. 28.8%) within the observation period. Considering the comorbidities, results indicate comparable spatial prevalence patterns for diabetes mellitus type II, obesity and hypertension. This means that the highest prevalence of comorbidities tends to be found where the psoriasis prevalence is highest. The spatiotemporal cluster analyses could once again confirm the results. An exception to this is to be found in the case of affective disorders with different spatial patterns. The results of the studies show the first spatiotemporal association between psoriasis prevalence and comorbidities in Germany. The causalities must be investigated in more detail in order to be able to derive measures for improved care.
Developing random forest hybridization models for estimating the axial bearing capacity of pile
Authors: Pham Tuan Anh , Tran Van Quan
Published: March 2022

Accurate determination of the axial load capacity of the pile is of utmost importance when designing the pile foundation. However, the methods of determining the axial load capacity of the pile in the field are often costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a hybrid machine-learning to predict the axial load capacity of the pile. In particular, two powerful optimization algorithms named Herd Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were used to evolve the Random Forest (RF) model architecture. For the research, the data set including 472 results of pile load tests in Ha Nam province—Vietnam was used to build and test the machine-learning models. The data set was divided into training and testing parts with ratio of 80% and 20%, respectively. Various performance indicators, namely absolute mean error (MAE), mean square root error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) are used to evaluate the performance of RF models. The results showed that, between the two optimization algorithms, GA gave superior performance compared to PSO in finding the best RF model architecture. In addition, the RF-GA model is also compared with the default RF model, the results show that the RF-GA model gives the best performance, with the balance on training and testing set, meaning avoiding the phenomenon of overfitting. The results of the study suggest a potential direction in the development of machine learning models in engineering in general and geotechnical engineering in particular.
Study on the influence of hole defects with different shapes on the mechanical behavior and damage law of coal and rock
Authors: Wang Tao , Kang Qinrong , Zhang Xiangyang , Xu Xiangxi , Li Wenpu , Zhang Huan
Published: March 2022

To study the effect of different shapes of hole defects in coal and rocks on their mechanical behavior and macro damage law, the microscopic mechanical parameters required for particle flow code (PFC) simulation were calibrated with laboratory test data, and then the evolution process of crack and stress field in coal and rocks with circle, square, triangular and trapezoidal holes under uniaxial compression were researched. The findings indicate that: the existence of hole defects lowers the elastic modulus, peak stress, peak strain and other mechanical parameters of coal and rock, and the reduction degree is influenced by the shape of defect. Meanwhile, the existence of hole defects promotes the generation and evolution of meso-cracks in coal and rock. For coal and rock with hole defects, the crack initiation stress and expansion stress are less than those of intact coal and rocks. The crack initiation stress and expansion stress of coal and rocks with trapezoidal hole defects are the smallest, and the coal and rocks with circular hole defects are the largest. The existence of hole defects weakens the damage degree of coal and rocks to some extent. With the increase of axial strain, the evolution curve of the number of meso-cracks shows stage characteristics, which consists of the calm period before the crack initiation point, the stable growth stage between the crack initiation point and the dilatation point, and the accelerated growth stage after the dilatation point. Before the initiation of crack, the concentration zone of compressive stress is located on the left and right sides of the hole defect, and the concentration zone of tensile stress is located on the upper and lower sides of the hole defect. The concentration of tensile stress is the main reason for the initiation and propagation of cracks, while the existence of compressive stress chain among macroscopic cracks is the cause of the residual strength of coal and rocks after failure.
Fluctuations in quality of life and immune responses during intravenous immunoglobulin infusion cycles
Authors: Abbott Jordan K. , Chan Sanny K. , MacBeth Morgan , Crooks James L. , Hancock Cathy , Knight Vijaya , Gelfand Erwin W.
Published: March 2022

Despite adequate infection prophylaxis, variation in self-reported quality of life (QOL) throughout the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion cycle is a widely reported but infrequently studied phenomenon. To better understand this phenomenon, subjects with humoral immunodeficiency receiving replacement doses of IVIG were studied over 3 infusion cycles. Questionnaire data from 6 time points spread over 3 IVIG infusions cycles (infusion day and 7 days after each infusion) were collected in conjunction with monitoring the blood for number of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and levels of 40 secreted analytes: primarily cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. At day 7, self-reported well-being increased, and self-reported fatigue decreased, reflecting an overall improvement in QOL 7 days after infusion. Over the same period, percentage of Treg cells in the blood increased (p<0.01). Multiple inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels increased in the blood by 1 hour after infusion (CCL4 (MIP-1b), CCL3 (MIP-1a), CCL2 (MCP-1), TNF-α, granzyme B, IL-10, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IFN- γ). The largest changes in analytes occurred in subjects initiated on IVIG during the study. A significant decrease in IL-25 (IL-17E) following infusion was seen in most intervals among subjects already receiving regular infusions prior to study entry. These findings reveal several short-term effects of IVIG given in replacement doses to patients with humoral immunodeficiency: QOL consistently improves in the first week of infusion, levels of a collection of monocyte-associated cytokines increase immediately after infusion whereas IL-25 levels decrease, and Treg levels increase. Moreover, patients that are new to IVIG experience more significant fluctuations in cytokine levels than those receiving it regularly.
The kinesin KIF4 mediates HBV/HDV entry through the regulation of surface NTCP localization and can be targeted by RXR agonists in vitro
Authors: Gad Sameh A. , Sugiyama Masaya , Tsuge Masataka , Wakae Kosho , Fukano Kento , Oshima Mizuki , Sureau Camille , Watanabe Noriyuki , Kato Takanobu , Murayama Asako , Li Yingfang , Shoji Ikuo , Shimotohno Kunitada , Chayama Kazuaki , Muramatsu Masamichi , Wakita Takaji , Nozaki Tomoyoshi , Aly Hussein H.
Published: March 2022

Intracellular transport via microtubule-based dynein and kinesin family motors plays a key role in viral reproduction and transmission. We show here that Kinesin Family Member 4 (KIF4) plays an important role in HBV/HDV infection. We intended to explore host factors impacting the HBV life cycle that can be therapeutically addressed using siRNA library transfection and HBV/NLuc (HBV/NL) reporter virus infection in HepG2-hNTCP cells. KIF4 silencing resulted in a 3-fold reduction in luciferase activity following HBV/NL infection. KIF4 knockdown suppressed both HBV and HDV infection. Transient KIF4 depletion reduced surface and raised intracellular NTCP (HBV/HDV entry receptor) levels, according to both cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence analysis (IF). Overexpression of wild-type KIF4 but not ATPase-null KIF4 mutant regained the surface localization of NTCP and significantly restored HBV permissiveness in these cells. IF revealed KIF4 and NTCP colocalization across microtubule filaments, and a co-immunoprecipitation study revealed that KIF4 interacts with NTCP. KIF4 expression is regulated by FOXM1. Interestingly, we discovered that RXR agonists (Bexarotene, and Alitretinoin) down-regulated KIF4 expression via FOXM1-mediated suppression, resulting in a substantial decrease in HBV-Pre-S1 protein attachment to HepG2-hNTCP cell surface and subsequent HBV infection in both HepG2-hNTCP and primary human hepatocyte (PXB) (Bexarotene, IC50 1.89 ± 0.98 μM) cultures. Overall, our findings show that human KIF4 is a critical regulator of NTCP surface transport and localization, which is required for NTCP to function as a receptor for HBV/HDV entry. Furthermore, small molecules that suppress or alleviate KIF4 expression would be potential antiviral candidates targeting HBV and HDV entry.
Sustaining Homes and Families for the Good of Humanity: A Commentary
Authors: McGregor Sue L. T.
Published: March 2022

This article explores the history of the home economics/family and consumer sciences (HE/FCS) profession, a field that arose from the synergy created by the 20th-century Industrial Revolution (late 1800s and early 1900s). The profession was intended to strengthen and protect the home
and family from the vagaries of scientific and technological progress. Our mantra for years was to optimize the quality of life and well-being of individuals and families. Our enduring rhetoric, however, does not reference the profession's connection to humanity (McGregor, 2010), despite the
urging of Brown and Paolucci (1979) to concern ourselves with the human condition (in the preamble to their mission statement).
Conserved quantities in non-hermitian systems via vectorization method
Authors: Agarwal Kaustubh S. , Muldoon Jacob , Joglekar Yogesh N.
Published: March 2022

Open classical and quantum systems have attracted great interest in the past two decades. These include systems described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with parity-time (PT) symmetry that are best understood as systems with balanced, separated gain and loss. Here, we present an alternative way to characterize and derive conserved quantities, or intertwining operators, in such open systems. As a consequence, we also obtain non-Hermitian or Hermitian operators whose expectations values show single exponential time dependence. By using a simple example of a PT-symmetric dimer that arises in two distinct physical realizations, we demonstrate our procedure for static Hamiltonians and generalize it to time-periodic (Floquet) cases where intertwining operators are stroboscopically conserved. Inspired by the Lindblad density matrix equation, our approach provides a useful additionto the well-established methods for characterizing time-invariants in non-Hermitian systems.
Orthonormal polynomial projection quantization: an algebraic eigenenergy bounding method
Authors: Handy Carlos R.
Published: March 2022

The ability to generate tight eigenenergy bounds for low dimension bosonic or ferminonic, hermitian or non-hermitian, Schrödinger operator problems is an important objective in the computation of quantum systems. Very few methods can simultaneously generate lower and upper bounds. One of these is the Eigenvalue Moment Method (EMM) originally introduced by Handy and Besssis, exploiting the use of semidefinite programming/nonlinear-convex optimization (SDP) techniques as applied to the positivity properties of the multidimensional bosonic ground state for a large class of important physical systems (i.e. those admitting a moments’ representation). A recent breakthrough has been achieved through another, simpler, moment representation based quantization formalism, the Orthonormal Polynomial Projection Quantization Bounding Method (OPPQ-BM). It is purely algebraic and does not require any SDP analysis. We discuss its essential structure in the context of several one dimensional examples.
Swanson Hamiltonian revisited through the complex scaling method
Authors: Reboiro Marta , Ramírez Romina , Fernández Viviano
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study the non-hermitian PT-symmetry Swanson Hamiltonian in the framework of the Complex Scaling Method. We show that by applying this method we can work with eigenfunctions that are square-integrable both in the PT and in the non-PT symmetry phase.
Complex topological soliton with real energy in particle physics
Authors: Taira Takanobu
Published: March 2022

We summarise the procedure used to find the classical masses of Higgs particle, massive gauge boson and t’Hooft-Polyakov monopole in non-Hermitian gauge field theory. Their physical regions are explored, and the mechanism of the real value of the monopole solution is analysed in different physical regions.
Corrosion Protection by Novel Conversion Coatings on Structural Al 6061
Authors: Oki Makanjuola , Adediran Adeolu Adesoji , Anyim Anyim , Onokohwomo Charles O. , Bosa Chuka , Akintola Sarah A. , Adesina Olanrewaju Seun
Published: March 2022

Chromate conversion coatings have witnessed limited acceptability in recent times. The coatings contain Cr (VI) species that have been classified as environmental hazards and injurious to human health. Thus, the use of environment-friendly and non-carcinogenic novel inorganic-inorganic hybrid conversion coatings are being explored. Vanadate (VCC), hybrid Vanadate/Molybdate (HCC) conversion coatings on Al6061 have been classified in terms of corrosion and adhesion performance with reference to the untreated alloy. Natural exposure tests in the atmosphere and stagnant near-neutral 3.5% sodium chloride solution, as well as potentio-dynamic polarization measurements showed that the corrosion rate for HCC is lower for Vanadate, which in turn outclassed the ‘bare’ alloy. However, clusters of passive incipient pits were revealed on the former after 120 h of exposure in stagnant chloride solution. Both conversion coatings outperformed the untreated aluminium alloy after atmospheric corrosion and adhesion tests.
Optimization of a Filament Wound Hybrid Metal Composite Railway Axle Design Concept
Authors: Carra Guido , Formaggioni Davide , Johnson Michael Sylvester , Mistry Preetum Jayantilal , Bernasconi Andrea , Bruni Stefano
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a numerical design method to develop a mass-minimized winding sequence for carbon fiber reinforced tubes to be manufactured by filament winding. This method combines the use of Altair Optistruct Finite Element Solver and CADWIND V9 CAM software to develop a winding sequence to implicitly compensate for the loss of stiffness due to fiber intertwining. Hence, it was specifically built to solve a stiffness-driven mass optimization design task of a hybrid metal composite railway axle, in which the design constraints were imposed by a previously developed design solution. However, in theory, it could be applied to the design of composite shafts for various applications.
Editorial
Authors: Leite Leticia Nogueira
Published: March 2022

Editorial
Medpoklicno sodelovanje v interdisciplinarnih zdravstvenih timih
Authors: Šanc Petra , Prosen Mirko
Published: March 2022

Uvod: Sodobni čas prinaša nove koncepte delovne kulture in nove oblike sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnih timih in prav medsebojna komplementarnost ter razumevanje spretnosti posameznih poklicnih skupin so kazalnik uspešnega medpoklicnega sodelovanja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti značilnosti procesa medpoklicnega sodelovanja v zdravstvenih timih in identificirati ključne komponente dobrega sodelovanja.Metode: V neeksperimentalni opisni kvantitativni raziskavi je bil uporabljen prirejen vprašalnik za oceno medpoklicnega sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnih timih. V priložnostni vzorec sta bila zajeta 203 zdravstvena delavca. Od tega je bilo 147 (72,4 %) medicinskih sester, 27 (13,3 %) zdravnikov in 29 (14,3 %) drugih zdravstvenih sodelavcev. Podatki so bili analizirani z osnovno deskriptivno statistiko, korelacijskim koeficientom (Spermanova korelacija), Kolmogorov-Smirnovovim in Shapiro-Wilkovim testom ter Mann-Whitneyjev U-testom.Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo statistično pomembne razlike o stopnji zadovoljstva med zdravstvenimi poklici. V povprečju so najbolj zadovoljni zdravniki s svojim sodelovanjem tako z medicinskimi sestrami (x = 3,03, s = 0,26) kot z drugimi zdravstvenimi sodelavci (x = 2,86, s = 0,22). Najmanj zadovoljne so medicinske sestre s sodelovanjem z zdravniki (x = 2,36, s = 0,42).Diskusija in zaključek: Na osnovi rezultatov smo dobili vpogled v oceno trenutne stopnje sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnem timu, pri čemer so zdravniki optimistični v oceni sodelovanja, v nasprotju pa so medicinske sestre v svoji oceni bolj kritične. Različni pogledi in odnos zdravstvenih delavcev do sodelovanja kažejo potrebo po umestitvi teme poklicnega sodelovanja v formalno izobraževanje.
Wine production from ripen pond apple (Annona glabra L.) fruit
Authors: Minh Nguyen Phuoc
Published: March 2022

Pond apple (Annona glabra L.) trees were widely distributed in swamp regions of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Pond apple fruits turned from green to yellow when ripening. Ripen pond apple fruits contained numerous phenolic constituents with valuable phytochemical benefits. However, ripen pond apple fruits were not successfully utilized as other commercial fruits. This research examined the possibility of wine production utilized from ripen pond apple fruits. Different various technical variables of fermentation affecting to the quality of pond apple wine were thoroughly examined. Ripen pond apple fruits were naturally collected from Soc Trang province, Vietnam. Ripen pond apple fruits were peeled, blended, deseeded, crushed, enzyme-treated (pectinase 25 mg/L), added with sugar (5-13% w/w), pasteurized (sulphite 30 mg/L), inoculated with yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus ratio (0.1-0.5%), macerated temperature (14-22oC) in different time (6-14 days). Malolactic fermentation was performed in anaerobic condition at 12oC in different durations (4-20 weeks). At the end of malolactic fermentation, wine was racked and clarified with different fining agents (bentonite, polyvinylpyrrolidone, wheat gluten, gelatin, kaolin) at 0.03% (v/v). Results showed that must should be added with 9% sugar and 0.4% yeast inoculation, fermentation temperature of 16oC in 10 days. Malolactic fermentation could be terminated at 12 weeks. Gelatin revealed the best candidate among different clarifying agents to remove turbidity in pond apple wine while retaining the most total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Under above technical variable conditions, fermentation gave the high ethanol content (4.26±0.02 % v/v); the total phenolic content (32.79±0.00 mg GAE/100 ml), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging (11.84±0.01 %), overall acceptance (8.34±0.01 score) meanwhile low turbidity (24.41±0.00 NTU) was also noticed. High ethanol content and phytochemical retention contributed to the high sensory score of pond apple wine. These quality parameters were acceptable for an alcoholic drink. Ripen pond apple fruit would be a promising carbohydrate source to convert into a new fruit wine with a pleasant alcoholic flavor and attractive appearance.
Když/Zatímco spal...
Authors: Hrdlička Milan
Published: March 2022

Článek přibližuje významy časové spojky když a její konkurenci se synonymní spojkou zatímco, ukazuje základní rozdíly mezi nimi v jejich řečovém užití. Z komunikačního hlediska spočívá největší rozdíl ve skutečnosti, že spojka zatímco – na rozdíl od konjunkce když – vyžaduje zapojení dvou různých subjektů (nelze ji tedy užít pro jednu a tutéž osobu).
Prezentace slovanských stereotypů v publikaci »Nabarvené ptáče«
Authors: Mašát Milan
Published: March 2022

Hlavním cílem příspěvku je představit reprezentaci slovanských stereotypů v publikaci Jerzyho Kosińského Nabarvené ptáče. Slovanské stereotypy, které jsou součástí uvedeného uměleckého vyprávění, jsme rozdělili do šesti okruhů: 1) Nemoci a jejich léčba, 2) Kolik mi zbývá let?, 3) Zlí duchové, 4) Živly, 5) Koloběh přírody, 6) Křesťané versus židé. Každou oblast zastoupených stereotypů dokládáme citacemi z Kosińského narativu. Ačkoliv je daný román zařazován primárně mezi literární texty tematizující druhou světovou válku, netvoří válečný konflikt stěžejní dějovou linii příběhu, ale tvoří jakousi bázi, prostřednictvím které jsou rozvíjena obecně lidská témata, problematika multikulturality, multietnicity nebo rozdílného vnímání axiologických, morálních a etických hodnot a jejich postavení na hierarchickém žebříčkujedinců, a to prostřednictvím prezentace vybraných slovanských stereotypů
Smart piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review
Authors: Najjari Aryan , Mehdinavaz Aghdam Rouhollah , Ebrahimi S.A. Seyyed , Suresh K Shoma , Krishnan Sasirekha , Shanthi Chittibabu , Ramalingam Murugan
Published: March 2022

Due to the presence of electric fields and piezoelectricity in various living tissues, piezoelectric materials have been incorporated into biomedical applications especially for tissue regeneration. The piezoelectric scaffolds can perfectly mimic the environment of natural tissues. The ability of scaffolds which have been made from piezoelectric materials in promoting cell proliferation and regeneration of damaged tissues has encouraged researchers in biomedical areas to work on various piezoelectric materials for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. In this review article, the way that cells of different tissues like cardio, bone, cartilage, bladder, nerve, skin, tendon, and ligament respond to electric fields and the mechanism of tissue regeneration with the help of piezoelectric effect will be discussed. Furthermore, all of the piezoelectric materials are not suitable for biomedical applications even if they have high piezoelectricity since other properties such as biocompatibility are vital. Seen in this light, the proper piezoelectric materials which are approved for biomedical applications are mentioned. Totally, the present review introduces the recent materials and technologies that have been used for tissue engineering besides the role of electric fields in living tissues.
Hydrodynamics and mixing performance in a continuous miniature conical counter-rotating twin-screw extruder
Authors: Xin Sicheng , Cheng Wenkai , Yang Lisen , Yin Yaran , Chen Shichang , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing
Published: March 2022

The mixing performance in a miniature conical counter-rotating twin-screw extruder was investigated by means of experimental technique and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. An on-line experimental device based on the fluorescence detection was built to study the residence time distribution (RTD). Polypropylene was selected as the flow material and the blend of Polypropylene and anthracene was used as the tracer. This on-line detection device has good reproducibility. The hydrodynamics in the extruder was simulated by the finite element method (FEM) combined with the mesh superposition technique (MST). The particle tracking technique was carried out to evaluate the RTD and mixing efficiency. The effect of screw speed and feed rate on the hydrodynamics and mixing performance was investigated. The velocity magnitude and local shear rate tend to become smaller from inlet to outlet due to the decreasing diameters of screws. The mean length of stretch increases exponentially from inlet to outlet and the mean value of time averaged mixing efficiency remains positive along the axial direction.
The crystal structure of (Z)-4-bromo-6-(((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)methylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one monohydrate, C11H16BrNO5
Authors: Qin Hai-Bo , Liu Ke-Xiang , Fan Xu , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin
Published: March 2022

C11H16BrNO5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.164(7) Å, b = 11.798(5) Å, c = 7.359(3) Å, β = 90.792°, V = 1316.4(10) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0322, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0797, T = 296(2) K.
Medical trainees as agents of change in academic medicine and the health professions
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Gupta Apeksha , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Saeed Fahimeh
Published: March 2022

Advances and change are inevitable in the health care sector, leading to the promotion and encouragement in medicine and research. Trainees are an excellent resource for evolution because they volunteer at all levels of research and have sufficient clinical experience. Therefore, we will discuss the role of medical trainees as agents of change in academic medicine and health professions overall.
Investigation of measurement data of low-coherence interferometry at tilted surfaces in the 3D spatial frequency domain
Authors: Künne Marco , Hagemeier Sebastian , Käkel Eireen , Hillmer Hartmut , Lehmann Peter
Published: March 2022

The 3D transfer characteristics of interference microscopes and their effect on the interference signals occurring at surface slopes are studied. The interference image stacks acquired during a depth scan are 3D Fourier transformed. This allows a comprehensive frequency domain analysis of the interferograms. The double foil model introduced in a previous publication enables the interpretation of the signal spectra and the underlying transfer behavior of the interferometer using the concept of the Ewald sphere, which is limited by the numerical aperture (NA) of the imaging system. Analysis in the 3D spatial frequency domain directly discloses that the lateral dimensions of the transfer function depend on the axial spatial frequency. In this contribution we investigate measuring objects produced by Nanoimprint-Lithography. The corresponding signal spectra bear information that can be utilized to optimize the subsequent signal processing algorithms. These include envelope and phase evaluation procedures of the interference signals. A narrow bandpass filter is used to actively select certain frequency components in order to improve the robustness of the estimation of the envelope position. Although the shape and width of the envelope are affected, this procedure increases the reliability of the evaluation process and improves the accuracy of the measured topography especially at steeper surface slopes.
Lithium ion transport in micro- and nanocrystalline lithium sulphide Li2S
Authors: Gombotz Maria , Wilkening Alexandra , Wilkening H. Martin R.
Published: March 2022

Ion dynamics in binary Li-bearing compounds such as LiF, Li2O and Li2S is rather poor. These compounds do, however, form as decomposition products at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode materials in lithium-based batteries. They are expected to severely influence the charge transport across this electrode-electrolyte interface and, thus, the overall performance of such systems. Yet, ion dynamics in the nanostructured forms of these binary compounds has scarcely been investigated. Here, we prepared bulk nanostructured Li2S through high-energy ball milling and studied its temperature-dependent ionic conductivity by means of broadband impedance spectroscopy. It turned out that, compared to the unmilled form, Li+ ion conductivity in ball-milled Li2S increased by approximately 3 orders or magnitude. This striking increase is accompanied by a decrease of the average activation energy from ca. 0.9 eV to approximately 0.7 eV. Structural disorder, stress and local distortions are assumed to be responsible for this clear change in macroscopic transport parameters. Fast ion dynamics in or near the interfacial space charge zones might contribute to enhanced dynamics, too. We conclude that Li ion transport in interfacial Li2S, if present in a disordered nanostructured form in lithium-ion batteries, is much faster than originally thought for its ordered counterpart.
Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de El Salvador
Authors: Pato Enrique
Published: March 2022

This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Salvadoran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features —such as the use ofhasta (que)anduna mi amiga— as well as some specific patterns —such as the prominence of -adoand -ososuffixes,utualitoadverb,algotropronoun and old expletivelo— in present-day Salvadoran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar (simasitoadverb,al no más+ infinitive locution).
Internet-basierte Fabrikvernetzung mit MAP 3.0
Authors: Berger Uwe , Elser Timo , Hilkert Konrad
Published: March 2022

Das virtuelle Unternehmen und die virtuelle Fabrik werden als Werkzeuge zur Globalisierung der Industrie angesehen. Um dies umfassend realisieren zu können, ist u.a. die Einbindung von Fertigungseinrichtungen in das World Wide Web erforderlich. Im folgenden wird ein Lösungskonzept zur Nutzung des Anfang der achtziger Jahre von General Motors initiierten MAP-Protokols im Internet bzw. in Intranets beschrieben. Als Anwendung wird die Vernetzung von Industrieroboter, CNC-Werkzeugmaschine und SPS gezeigt.
Informationsstrukturen für eine durchgängige Auftragsabwicklung
Authors: Dürr Holger , Kohl Steffen
Published: March 2022

Die Globalisierung der Märkte und die damit verbundene Zunahme des Wettbewerbes steigert auch in kleineren Unternehmen das Verlangen nach einer flexiblen und schnell einführbaren Software, die die gesamte Auftragsabwicklung unterstützt. Mit der aufgabengerechten Bereitstellung von Informationen für alle Mitarbeiter eines Unternehmens kann die bereichsübergreifende Planung schneller und effektiver gestaltet werden.
Schienenrad mit Faserverbundkunststoff-komponenten
Authors: Seliger Günther , Schmidt Holger , Lange Stephan
Published: March 2022

Die Forderung nach einer leisen, leichten und effizienten Bahn erfordert Neuentwicklungen im Fahrwerksbereich von Schienenfahrzeugen. Der Beitrag stellt ein neuartiges Schienenrad mit Faserverbundkunststoffkomponenten vor. Ziel der Entwicklung war eine Reduzierung der ungefederten Massen und eine Minimierung der im Betrieb entstehenden Schallemissionen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung fertigungstechnischer Aspekte.
Stellenwert eigenständiger Dienstleistungen für den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Authors: Sontow Karsten , Kurpiun Robert
Published: March 2022

Unternehmen des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus erzielen im angestammten Produktgeschäft nur noch geringe Erträge. Dagegen verzeichnen Dienstleistungen im industriellen Kontext hohe Wachstumsraten. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in diesem Beitrag insbesondere mittelständischen Unternehmen Wege aufgezeigt, industrielle Dienstleistungen systematisch zu planen.
Betreiberzentrum Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Bönker Thomas , Eckerth Gregor , Schmidt Gerhard
Published: March 2022

In der Kreislaufwirtschaft ist die stoffliche Verwertung von Altprodukten zur Zeit am weitesten verbreitet. Die geleistete Wertschöpfung geht hierbei jedoch verloren. Mit einem geeigneten Ansatz, der die Machbarkeit eines Produktrecyclingkonzeptes im Sinne der Ressourcenschonung bei gleichzeitiger Sicherstellung des wirtschaftlichen Erfolgs unterstützt, könnten diese geschaffenen Werte erhalten bleiben.
Virtual Reality-Technologie zur Demontageabsicherung im Kundendienst
Authors: Praun Stefan von , Sá Antonino Gomes de
Published: March 2022

Verkürzung der Entwicklungszeit, zunehmende Variantenvielfalt, Erhöhung der Produktinnovation und steigende Produktkomplexität sowie hohe Qualitätsanforderungen bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Kosten - diesen Herausforderungen müssen sich Unternehmen in Zukunft stellen. Der stärkere Einsatz von Computertechnologien im Produktentwicklungsprozeß und die entsprechende Neugestaltung der Geschäftsprozesse bieten vielversprechende Lösungsansätze.
Szenario Prozesse
Authors: Gausemeier Jürgen , Fink Alexander , Schlake Oliver , Siebe Andreas
Published: March 2022

Zur nachhaltigen Sicherung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit müssen Unternehmen die Erfolgspotentiale der Zukunft frühzeitig identifizieren und zeitgerecht erschließen. Ein leistungsstarkes Instrument dazu ist das Szenario-Management. Es wird heute vor allem in Szenario-Projekten und Zukunftskonferenzen erfolgreich angewandt. ber diesen punktuellen Einsatz Ühinaus besteht bei vielen Unternehmen das Bedürfnis, die Nutzung von Szenarien in ihre unternehmensspezifischen Planungs- und Führungsprozesse zu integrieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Referenzmodell der szenariounterstützten Unternehmensführung vorgestellt.
Privát családi fényképezés a 19–20. század fordulóján
Authors: Sidó Anna
Published: March 2022

Tanulmányomban a 19–20. század fordulóján Szabadkán élt Brenner József fotós tevékenységén keresztül tárom fel az amatőr fényképezés, mint szabadidős tevékenység, kibontakozásának történetét. Vizsgálatom fókuszában Brenner tevékenysége és családi fényképei állnak, mely tematika alapvetően határozta meg az amatőr fényképészet szélesebb körben való elterjedésének kezdeti korszakát. A családfő, Id. Brenner József nem csupán az író, Csáth Géza (Brenner József) apjaként ismert, hanem Szabadka egyik első jegyzett amatőr fotósa is volt, aki 1898 tavaszától az 1930-as évekig saját fényképezőgépével örökítette meg a családtagokat és a hozzájuk kötődő eseményeket. A privát vagy családi fényképezés behatóbb megértése érdekében a dolgozat elején a legmeghatározóbb fotóelméleti munkák segítségével szeretném körvonalazni a családi, illetve a privát fotó fogalmi kereteit, melyet végig referenciaként használok. A tanulmány során célom, hogy részletesen feltárjam id. Brenner fényképezési tevékenységének indulását, figyelembevéve annak kulturális előképeit, technikai és szaktudásbeli feltételeit. Ennek kapcsán két meghatározó problémára keresem a választ: milyen társadalmi, szellemi és technikai körülmények között kezdődött egy amatőr fotós tevékenység a századfordulón, valamint milyen általános ikonográfiai elemei vannak a családi fotózásnak, ami érvényes lehet mind Brenner képeire is. 

A tanulmányban tehát e kulturális gyakorlatnak a kezdeti időszakára szeretnék rávilágítani, arra a korra, amikor ennek a műfajnak rögzültek a vizuális kódjai, kellékei, jelentése és kulturális szokásrendszere. Mindezt pedig bemutatva egy esettanulmányon, azaz id. Brenner példáján és fotóin keresztül. A vizsgált téma összetettsége módszertanában és szempontrendszerében egyszerre több diszciplínát is érint, így egyebek mellett a fotótörténet, a vizuális antropológia, a kommunikáció, illetve a kultúrtörténet területeit. 

Fotó: Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum
A velünk élő muzulmán örökség
Authors: Szigetvári Krisztián
Published: March 2022

Sudár Balázs – Varga Szabolcs – Varga J. János: Pécs története III. A hódoltság korában (1543–1686). Főszerk. Vonyó József. Pécs – Budapest, 2020. 383 oldal.
Laboratory Reconsolidation and In Situ Stress State of Residual Soils in the Northern Andes
Authors: Galeano-Parra Diego I. , Zapata-Medina David G. , Arboleda-Monsalve Luis G. , Monsalve Gaspar
Published: March 2022

This study presents a laboratory testing program consisting of incremental loading, constant rate of strain, and specially designed, pseudo K0-triaxial tests to provide insight into the in situ stress state of residual soil masses and the ability to reproduce those in a laboratory environment. The testing program was conducted at two different sites derived from an igneous-metamorphic basement located in the northern Andes and included in situ measurements of earth pressure coefficients, K0, and shear wave velocities, Vs, to validate those measured in the laboratory. The laboratory tests and procedures along with the direct comparison with field measurements are also used to evaluate disturbance effects on compressibility responses. The results indicate that K0 recompression to the overburden stress is adequate for reproducing the in situ stress state of the tested residual soils. Similar to sedimentary soils, laboratory testing of large residual soil specimens results in less disturbance.
PURWOSARI TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS BASED ON LOCAL TOURISM INTEGRATED
Authors: Sari Lusiana Puspita , Tsaro Riza Laela , Handayani Elfa Dikah Tri
Published: March 2022

Purwosari village has a lot of potential to be used as the main tourist village of Semarang City. However, there is no denying that there is still an inequality of tourism development patterns between other tourism potential areas which is quite striking because the quality between the regions is not evenly distributed. This article tries to explore the concept in the development of local tourism integrated natural tourism destinations, reviewed with a qualitative approach with strategy analysis methods and SWOT selection process. The results of the analysis refer to quantitative planning efforts to compile the prioritized list based on the ranking of the relative attractiveness of a viable and appropriate alternative action, namely the decision stage of QSPM (Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix). Applications in the development of tourist village destinations, including: Construction of tourist facilities and facilities from the local government development fund; Recommendations for training the surrounding community to work on the potential natural appeal of the typical culture that exists to be packaged into a beautiful, unique and authentic tourist attraction; as well as the creation of a website as a market development by expanding the reach of online channels to achieve integrated strategy of development of Purwosari tourism village in creating a good private investment climate.

Kelurahan Purwosari memiliki banyak potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai desa wisata unggulan Kota Semarang. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa masih terjadi ketimpangan pola pengembangan wisata antar kawasan potensi wisata lainnya yang cukup mencolok karena kualitas antar kawasan belum merata. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menggali konsep dalam pengembangan destinasi wisata alam local tourism integrated, dikaji dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis strategi dan proses pilihan SWOT. Hasil analisis merujuk pada upaya perencanaan kuantitatif untuk menyusun the prioritized list berdasarkan ranking daya tarik relatif dari alternatif tindakan yang layak dan tepat guna, yaitu tahap keputusan QSPM (Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix). Aplikasi dalam pengembangan destinasi desa wisata, meliputi: Pembangunan sarana dan fasilitas wisata dari dana pengembangan pemerintah daerah; Rekomendasi pelatihan masyarakat sekitar untuk menggarap potensi daya tarik alam budaya khas yang ada untuk dikemas menjadi daya tarik wisata yang indah, unik dan otentik; serta Pembuatan website sebagai pengembangan pasar dengan memperluas jangkauan saluran online hingga mencapai integrated strategy pengembangan desa wisata Purwosari dalam menciptakan iklim investasi swasta yang baik.