bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of compulsorily notifiable diseases in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Loschi Ana Paula Silva , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Santana de , Arunachalam Karuppusamy , Oliveira Darley Maria
Published: July 2023

The present study aimed at the elaboration of an epidemiological profile for the municipality of Sinop-MT and the possible related causal factors. A descriptive study was carried out, with data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), on the 10 Notifiable Diseases (CNDs) most reported for the municipality of Sinop-MT for the period 2015-2017, using the filters: Municipality of residence (Sinop), period (2015-2017), sex, age group, case evolution and other most relevant indicators for each condition. When evaluating the main NCDs, it was found that those that occupied the first ten positions regarding the occurrence rate were: dengue, leprosy, domestic, sexual and/or other violence, accident by venomous animals, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, exogenous intoxication, viral hepatitis, infant deaths, AIDS and tuberculosis; which represented around 97.5% of the total notifications. It was found, therefore, that the NCDs, although highly present in Sinop-MT, are presented in a heterogeneous way, which reveals the need for resolute strategies that act in diversified and multifactorial ways and the need for in-depth studies to determine the profile epidemiology within each disease.
Representação espaço-temporal da produção de soja no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Silva Robson Mayer da , Neves Neto Durval Nolasco das , Santos Edivaldo Amaral dos , Lopes Daiene Isabel da Silva , Santos Antonio Clementino dos
Published: July 2023

A cultura da soja (Glycine max) é uma das bases da economia brasileira e atualmente devido à alta produção em solo nacional, vem melhorando o setor agrícola do país, tornando-se o principal produto do agronegócio. O objetivo do estudo foi acompanhar, por meio de levantamento de informações no âmbito espaço-temporal, a produção em toneladas e área destinada ao plantio da cultura no estado do Tocantins, entre os anos de 2008 e 2019. Observou-se que a expansão produtiva de soja no estado do Tocantins está relacionada ao aumento da área destinada ao plantio da leguminosa e ao aumento da produtividade das lavouras.
Análise de crescimento da rebrotação de híbridos de sorgo para pastejo a espaçamentos entre linhas
Authors: Santos Thiago Martins dos , Santos Perlon Maia dos , Araújo Vera Lúcia de , Santos José Geraldo Donizetti dos , Faria Ana Flavia Gouveia de , Santos Antonio Clementino dos
Published: July 2023

Com o objetivo de analisar o crescimento de dois híbridos de sorgo (BRS 800 e CMSXS 766), cultivados sob diferentes espaçamentos entre plantas, em área de pastejo no norte do Tocantins. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com dois híbridos de sorgo para pastejo (BRS 800 e CMSXS 766), quatro espaçamentos (15, 30, 45 e 60 cm) e quatro repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. Os dois híbridos analisados são resultantes do cruzamento de sorgo-granífero (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) com sorgo-sudão (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) e apresentam aptidão para pastejo. As avaliações constaram de: Taxa de crescimento de cultura (TCC), taxa de acúmulo de folhas (TAcF), taxa de acúmulo de colmo (TAcC), relação folha colmo (FC), razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de peso foliar (RPF), e área foliar específica (AFE). Como resultado, o híbrido de sorgo para pastejo quando plantados de forma adensada (800.000 mil plantas por hectare) aumentaram a produtividade e o CMSXS 766 foi o mais produtivo nas condições do experimentais utilizadas. Os híbridos de sorgo BRS 800 e CMSXS 766 são viáveis no Estado do Tocantins podendo ser aproveitados até a terceira rebrotação.
PENGALAMAN IBU USIA REMAJA TENTANG MASALAH KESEHATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors: EKASARI RIZKIANA
Published: July 2023

Ibu usia remaja umumnya diikuti oleh munculnya berbagai masalah diantaranya adalah masalah kesehatan dan kesejahteraan. Masalah kesehatan dan kesejahteraan dapat terjadi dikarenakan selain harus beradaptasi dalam pemenuhan tugas tumbuh kembang fase remaja, ibu usia remaja juga dituntut untuk mampu memenuhi tugas menjadi orang tua. Masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada ibu usia remaja antara lain depresi, rencana bunuh diri, percobaan bunuh diri, penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang dan posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL ADDIE DAN EUCS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN VISUAL INFUSION PHLEBITIS (VIP) SCORE BERBASIS APLIKASI MOBILE PADA MANAJEMEN PERAWATAN PHLEBITIS
Authors: NUR AINI SYARIFAH , APRYANTO FRENGKI , SEDIAWAN MN LISAN
Published: July 2023

Phlebitis merupakan inflamasi vena yang disebabkan oleh iritasi kimia maupun mekanik ditandai dengan kemerahan, nyeri, dan pembengkakan. Phlebitis terjadi akibat pengetahuan perawat yang kurang dan menimbulkan dampak ketidak nyamanan pasien. Untuk menilai kejadian phlebitis pada pasien, perawat bisa menggunakan aplikasi VIP Score (Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score) dengan penilaian phlebitis, sehingga harapannya pemantauan plebitis akan lebih optimal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji kelayakan aplikasi Visual Infusion Phlebitis. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) untuk mengembangkan sebuah produk baru yang berupa aplikasi dengan metode ADDIE dan EUCS . Validasi melibatkan ahli materi dan desain, mahasiswa di STIKES Widyagamaha Husada Malang dan perawat di RSUD Prof. dr. Soekandar Mojasari Kabupaten Mojokerto. Subjek uji coba didapatkan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket untuk menilai kelayakan dari aplikasi yang dikembangkan. R&D ini berupa pendekatan Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evalution dan End User Computing Satisfaction. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa VIP Score APBIL sudah diuji kelayakan aplikasi. Dari 49 responden terdapat 6 orang (12%) dikategorikan “baik”, 20 responden (42%) dikategorikan “sangat baik”, dan 23 responden (46%) dikategorikan “baik”. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score termasuk dalam kategori “sangat baik” dan dinyatakan sudah layak digunakan.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU IBU TENTANG KESEHATAN YANG TERENCANA (HEALTH PLANNED BEHAVIOR) DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK BALITA
Authors: ENGA NAWU ALBERTINA
Published: July 2023

Diarrhea a disease characterized by changes in the form and consistency of stools that are soft to liquefied and an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, usually more than 3-4 times or more a day which may be accompanied by vomiting or bowel movements mixed with blood. planned behavior or the theory of planned behavior based on the assumption that humans are rational beings and use the information that is possible for them in a systematic way. Objective: To analyze the relationship between mother's behavior regarding planned health (Health Planned Behavior) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. Methods: The study design used an observational study with a retrospective approach design conducted on 94 respondents. The data collection technique used purposive sampling for 94 respondents and data collection using a questionnaire was then tested using SPSS with the Lambda test type. The results of data analysis using the lambda test obtained p value = (0.000) < (0.05) so that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between mother's behavior regarding planned health (health planned behavior) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five, the value of r = 0.988 proves that there is a relationship What is strong, the behavior of mothers who are in the less category can cause diarrhea in children under five. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the mother's behavior regarding planned health and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS, KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN PPKN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL BINGKA
Authors: Yurinda Esty Fahlupi , Hidayat Ari
Published: July 2023

Permasalahan pada penelitian ini yaitu rendahnya aktivitas, berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar, siswa kesulitan memahami materi PPKN di SDN Anjir Seberang Pasar II.1 dan masih beradaptasi dengan pembelajaran tatap muka akibat dari efek pandemi. Mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran BINGKA dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan menganalisis aktivitas siswa, keterampilan berpikir kritis serta hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus yaitu empat kali pertemuan. Pendekatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, perolehan data yaitu hasil dari observasi terhadap aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari berbagai segi aspek aktivitas siswa, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar. Keterampilan berpikir kritis mampu mencapai kriteria sangat kritis secara klasikal dan hasil belajar siswa baik individual maupun klasikal mampu memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan yang ditetapkan yaitu 70 dengan presentase ≥80%.
ADKAR MODEL CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION IN ACTIVATOR SCHOOL AT SMPN 1 PABELAN
Authors: Lase Destin Ricardo , Sari Desi Nalurita
Published: July 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana adanya perubahan pendidikan di Sekolah Penggerak yang telah dicanangkan oleh pemerintah untuk sekolah pada setiap jenjang untuk meningkatkan mutu dan hasil belajar siswa yang fokus pada pengembangan siswa secara holistik untuk terwujudnya Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Penyajian data menggunakan Miles dan Huberman: teknik reduksi data, penyajian, triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Adanya paradigma baru dalam pengelolaan sekolah; 2) Siswa lebih kreatif dalam belajar; 3) Adanya peningkatan sumber daya manusia dari segi kompetensi dan karakter yang dimiliki oleh kepala sekolah dan guru.
ANALISIS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN KELAS 1 DI SD NEGERI 128 PEKANBARU
Authors: Apriliani Sundari
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh proses pembelajaran membaca permulaan di kelas 1 SD Negeri 128 Pekanbaru. Guru-guru disekolah dasar harus mampu menguasi teknik pembelajaran yang dominan pada anak SD yang bersifat menyenangkan. Banyak siswa SD kelas 1 saat ini yang belum mengenal huruf abjad dan membaca kata persuku kata, oleh sebab itu pendidik sebagai peran utama atau peran penting dari ketercapaiannya siswa dalam proses membaca permulaan maka pendidik ketika melaksanakan proses pembelajaran membaca permulaan kepada siswa harus benar-benar tepat dalam mengajarkannya dan sesuaikan dengan metode apakah pendidik tersebut gunakan yang cocok dengan siswa. Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yang pertama yaitu, bagaimana proses pembelajaran membaca permulaan. Yang kedua yaitu, apa saja faktor pengambat dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran membaca permulaan.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MUATAN IPA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BATANAM
Authors: Ma'wa Jannatul , Hidayat Ari
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa setelah belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran BATANAM pada muatan IPA. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajarn BATANAM aktivitas siswa yang pada pertemuan 1 secara klasikal berada pada kriteria kurang aktif dengan persentase 54,54% meningkat hingga 100% dengan kriteria sangat baik pada pertemuan 4. Begitu juga dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pertemuan 1 berada pada kriteria kurang kritis dengan persentase 0,00% meningkat hingga 100% dengan kriteria sangat aktif pada pertemuan 4. Dengan demiian model pembelajaran BATANAM yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran efektif dalam meningkakan aktivitas belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Authoritarian Regimes’ Approach to National Security: Egypt as a Case Study
Authors: Mohammed Yahia
Published: July 2023

The security dilemma in the third-world states in terms of the existence of nonrepresentative regimes is the key factor in the configuration of the national security approach.
Authoritarian regimes define threats to national security from the perspective of regime security in the sense of maintaining authority and absolute control.
Since the military coup in 2013, Sisi abused the issue of national security and addressed most political, economic, and social crises from a security point of view. Regime security was the priority reference unit to decide about all other aspects of national security, even if such measures contradict the country’s higher interests. The army’s deep involvement in economic and political affairs had serious negative repercussions on national security. Under the pretext of national security, human rights violations were practiced on a large scale.
Applying the Concept of Neighboring Country Dynamics in Globalization
Authors: Riveras, Ph.D Jorge , Harrison, DBA Michael J.
Published: July 2023

Neighboring country dynamics play a significant role in global and regional affairs. This paper extends the research used to develop a model of globalization and includes the rationale for adding Neighboring Country Dynamics as a domain in the model. The concept of neighboring country dynamics is explained and applied using specific examples that demonstrate its significant influence on global institutions, trade blocks, regions, and countries.
Bentuk Penyajian da Struktur Gerak Tari Pat Kupati di Sanggar Seni Nuansa Banjarmasin
Authors: Fifah Khafifahsarrumiee
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk penyajian pada tari Pat Kupati di Sanggar Seni Nuansa Banjarmasin. Dan untuk mendeskripsikan Struktur Gerak Tari Pat Kupati. Manfaat penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat baik secara teoritis maupun praktis, manfaat teoritis bagi mahasiswa(i) program studi pendidikan seni tari STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan media publikasi dan informasi untuk bahan referensi apabila ada yang ingin meneruskan penelitian yang berkaitan tentang tarian ini. Sedangkan manfaat praktis bisa menambah wawasan sumber belajar dan apresiasi seni tari khususnya untuk mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Tari STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) tari pat kupati merupakan salah satu tari kreasi pedalaman yang pertama kali diciptakan Sanggar Seni Nuansa Banjarmasin dan mendapatkan predikat II pada acara Festival karya tari daerah tahun 2021, (2) bentuk penyajian tari Pat Kupati memiliki 11 aspek meliputi, judul, sinopsis, gerak, penari, pola lantai, tata busana, tata rias, iringan tari, tata cahaya, tempat pertunjukan, dan properti. (3) struktur gerak tari pat kupati terbagi menjadi 3 yaitu gugus gerak (pembuka,isi,dan penutup), 21 kalimat gerak, 20 frase gerak, dan 63 motif gerak untuk penari perempuan sedangkan penari Laki-laki 3 gugus gerak, 15 kalimat gerak, 15 frase gerak, dan 45 motif gerak.
Coercion or Consent? Women, Property and Legal Authority in Early Modern Scotland
Authors: Mason Rebecca
Published: July 2023

During the early modern period women's ownership of property was significantly constrained by the marital relationship. Scots law stipulated that much of a woman's property passed to her husband on marriage and that her ability to sell, control or dispose of much property without her husband's consent was severely restricted. Yet, despite such strict legal rules, jurists were aware that a married woman could be placed in a difficult position if her husband abused his position, with legal procedures introduced to mitigate a husband's extensive property powers. As a result, a husband could not sell land his wife brought to the marriage, or any land they held jointly, without her consent, indicated by her signature or mark on the deed and her declaration in a private examination that she acted under her own free will and not under coercion or pressure from her husband. This article interrogates the legal requirement of the wife's consent in Scots law from two conflicting positions: first, as a restraint on the husband's administrative powers in that she was entitled to openly challenge a mortgage or sale; and second, as an endorsement of the husband's superior position in that she was most likely unable to publicly challenge her husband's patriarchal authority during his lifetime. In doing so, it argues that women's legal authority in early modern Scotland was complex and, at times, contradictory, and that this legal ambiguity entitled the courts to make decisions that routinely looked beyond fixed rules when women's property rights and patriarchal rules overlapped.
Sample Size Determination to Estimate the Number of Units Shipped by a Foundry
Authors: Tomazella Vera , Louzada Neto Francisco , Lauretto Marcelo , Furtado Silva Diego , Leão Jeremias , Silva de Brito Eder , Ribeiro Paulo Henrique , Moraes Pablo
Published: July 2023

The foundry industry involves pouring liquid metal or metal alloy into molds to create parts of specific shapes and measurements. The Tecumseh foundry is a notable player in this field, producing roughly 42,000 tons of metal each year. However, like many foundries in Brazil, Tecumseh faces challenges in accurately converting its productive volume into the number of pieces produced. Without a reliable and effective system for this conversion, the only option is manual counting. To address this issue, the group sought to estimate the number of pieces to be sampled while minimizing errors.
Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants
Authors: Larsson Madeleine , Tonderski Karin , Metson Genevieve , Quttineh Nils-Hassan
Published: July 2023

In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
Thermus thermophilus Argonaute-based signal amplifier for highly sensitive and specific microRNA detection
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Wang Zitong , Zhang Fan , Wu Lingyi
Published: July 2023

The prokaryote-derived gene defense system as a new generation of nucleic acid detection tool exhibits impressive performance in the field of molecular diagnosis. Prokaryotic Argonaute (Ago) is a CRISPR-associated protein that is guided by a short DNA (gDNA) and then efficiently cleaves gDNA-complementary nucleic acids and presents unique characteristics that are different from the CRISPR/Cas system. However, the application of Ago in biosensing is still relatively scarce, and many properties of Ago need to be further clarified. In this study, we aim to systematically explore the properties of Thermus thermophilus Argonaute (TtAgo), including the dependence of TtAgo activity on guide DNA (gDNA) length, substrates’ length, and the position of gDNA complementary region on the substrate. Based on these properties, we constructed an exonuclease III-assisted target-recycled amplification system (exoAgo) for sensitive miRNA detection. The result showed that exoAgo can be used for miRNA profiling with a detection limit of 12.2 pM and single-base-resolution and keep good performance for the detection of complex samples, which indicates that Ago has great application potential in the detection of nucleic acids. In conclusion, this study will provide guidance for further development and utilization of Ago in the field of biosensing.
Developments in 177Lu-based radiopharmaceutical therapy and dosimetry
Authors: George Siju C. , Samuel E. James Jebaseelan
Published: July 2023

177Lu is a radioisotope that has become increasingly popular as a therapeutic agent for treating various conditions, including neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic prostate cancer. 177Lu-tagged radioligands are molecules precisely designed to target and bind to specific receptors or proteins characteristic of targeted cancer. This review paper will present an overview of the available 177Lu-labelled radioligands currently used to treat patients. Based on recurring, active, and completed clinical trials and other available literature, we evaluate current status, interests, and developments in assessing patient-specific dosimetry, which will define the future of this particular treatment modality. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities of the existing dosimetry standards to measure and calculate the radiation dose delivered to patients, which is essential for ensuring treatments’ safety and efficacy. Finally, this article intends to provide an overview of the current state of 177Lu- tagged radioligand therapy and highlight the areas where further research can improve patient treatment outcomes.
Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick Amblyomma americanum to Escherichia coli challenge
Authors: Lyu Bo , Li Jingjing , Niemeyer Brigid , Anderson Deborah M. , Beerntsen Brenda , Song Qisheng
Published: July 2023

Ticks are ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens capable of causing life-threatening illnesses in people and animals, making them a severe public health threat. Understanding how ticks respond to bacterial infection is crucial for deciphering their immune defense mechanisms and identifying potential targets for controlling tick-borne diseases. In this study, an in-depth transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the molecular and immune responses of Amblyomma americanum to infection caused by the microinjection of Escherichia coli. With an abundance of differentially expressed genes discovered at different times, the analysis demonstrated significant changes in gene expression profiles in response to E. coli challenge. Notably, we found alterations in crucial immune markers, including the antimicrobial peptides defensin and microplusin, suggesting they may play an essential role in the innate immune response. Furthermore, KEGG analysis showed that following E. coli exposure, a number of key enzymes, including lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, fibroblast growth factor, legumain, apoptotic protease-activating factor, etc., were altered, impacting the activity of the lysosome, mitogen-activated protein kinase, antigen processing and presentation, bacterial invasion, apoptosis, and the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. In addition to the transcriptome analysis, we constructed protein interaction networks to elucidate the molecular interactions underlying the tick’s response to E. coli challenge. Hub genes were identified, and their functional enrichment provided insights into the regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptotic processes, and kinase activity that may occur in infected cells. Collectively, the findings shed light on the potential immune responses in A. americanum that control E. coli infection.
Association between the risk of hypertension and triglyceride glucose index in Chinese regions: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of a regional update
Authors: Xu An-ran , Jin Qiuyu , Shen Zhisheng , Zhang Jiaqi , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2023

Background

Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been reported to be associated with various cardiovascular diseases in recent years. However, the conclusive association between the TyG index and hypertension was not established in the last meta-analysis. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether a linear relationship exists between these two variables.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases up until May 10, 2023, to identify relevant studies conducted in China. We used Stata version 17.0 and Rstudio version 4.2.1 to analyze the data and assess the association between the TyG index and the risk of hypertension, as well as the dose-response relationship between these two variables. We will select either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model based on the results of the heterogeneity tests and report 95% confidence intervals accordingly.

Results

In the end, our analysis encompassed 22 studies involving a total of 668,486 participants, comprising 12 cross-sectional studies and 10 cohort studies. Meta-analysis results showed: Analysis of data from China revealed that an elevated TyG index was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension, as indicated by an OR/HR of 1.36 [95%CI (1.28–1.45) I2 = 69.0% P < 0.001]. Through meta-regression analysis of multiple covariates, we found that study type, study region, sample size, database source, and study quality score, the above five variables were able to explain 63.0% of the total heterogeneity. The results of the dose-response Meta-analysis showed: The TyG index has a linear relationship with the risk of developing hypertension, as indicated by non-significant coefficients of higher-order terms in the nonlinear model (P > 0.05). The linear trend analysis showed that for every one-unit increase in the TyG index, the risk of developing hypertension increased by 1.5 times [1.532 95%CI (1.294, 1.813) P < 0.001]. However, this result is influenced by the number of studies included in the dose-response analysis and requires further corroboration.

Conclusion

In the Chinese region, there was an independent association between TyG index and the risk of developing hypertension, with a linear trend. However, the results of the linear trend need to be corrected by the more number of related studies.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023425836.
An open-source GIS approach to understanding dunefield morphologic variability at Kati Thanda (Lake Eyre), Central Australia
Authors: Fischer Lorenz M. , Sommer Christian , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E.
Published: July 2023

Future climate projections indicate an expansion of the world’s drylands, and with that a commensurate increase in the mobilization of unconsolidated desert sediments such as sand and dust. It is therefore increasingly important to investigate the large-scale formation of dryland landscapes such as dunefields in order to better understand the processes responsible for their genesis, evolution, and thresholds for mobilization. Assessing dunefield morphologic variability, including analysis of the morphologic relationship between aeolian bedforms and other landforms such as fluvial channels and bedrock uplands, underpins such investigations. So far, however, meaningful investigations of erg-scale geomorphic patterns have been limited. This is in part due to the technological limitations of geographic information system (GIS) tools, particularly in the case of open-source datasets and software, which has effectively hindered investigations by colleagues in drylands of the global south where many of the world’s dunefields are located. Recent years have overseen the increasing availability of open-source remote sensing datasets, as well as the development of freely available software which can undertake geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). These new tools facilitate cartography and statistical analysis of dunefields at large scales. In this study we make use of open-source GIS to characterise a morphologically diverse linear dunefield southwest of Kati Thanda (Lake Eyre) in central Australia. We focus on three parameters; dune orientation, spacing and Y-junctions using semi-automated GEOBIA, and investigate these in the context of local fluvial channels, depressions (pans) and uplands. Our results suggest a possible correlation between dune orientation, wind regime and the role of uplands as deflective barriers to longitudinal dune migration; dune spacing and sediment supply, likely relating to the location of both ephemeral and abandoned fluvial channels; and Y-junction frequency with underlying topography. Our study provides a framework for understanding process-based interactions between dunes and other landforms, as well as the first completely open-source approach which can be applied to linear dunefields worldwide.
Identification of fibroblast-related genes based on single-cell and machine learning to predict the prognosis and endocrine metabolism of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Yinghua , Chen Xionghuan , Liu Nan , Chu Zhong , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2023

Background

Single-cell sequencing technology has become an indispensable tool in tumor mechanism and heterogeneity studies. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) lacks early specific symptoms, and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis for PAAD contributes to the developmental mechanisms.

Methods

We performed dimensionality reduction analysis on the single-cell sequencing data GSE165399 of PAAD to obtain the specific cell clusters. We then obtained cell cluster-associated gene modules by weighted co-expression network analysis and identified tumorigenesis-associated cell clusters and gene modules in PAAD by trajectory analysis. Tumor-associated genes of PAAD were intersected with cell cluster marker genes and within the signature module to obtain genes associated with PAAD occurrence to construct a prognostic risk assessment tool by the COX model. The performance of the model was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curve and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The score of endocrine pathways was assessed by ssGSEA analysis.

Results

The PAAD single-cell dataset GSE165399 was filtered and downscaled, and finally, 17 cell subgroups were filtered and 17 cell clusters were labeled. WGCNA analysis revealed that the brown module was most associated with tumorigenesis. Among them, the brown module was significantly associated with C11 and C14 cell clusters. C11 and C14 cell clusters belonged to fibroblast and circulating fetal cells, respectively, and trajectory analysis showed low heterogeneity for fibroblast and extremely high heterogeneity for circulating fetal cells. Next, through differential analysis, we found that genes within the C11 cluster were highly associated with tumorigenesis. Finally, we constructed the RiskScore system, and K-M curves and ROC curves revealed that RiskScore possessed objective clinical prognostic potential and demonstrated consistent robustness in multiple datasets. The low-risk group presented a higher endocrine metabolism and lower immune infiltrate state.

Conclusion

We identified prognostic models consisting of APOL1, BHLHE40, CLMP, GNG12, LOX, LY6E, MYL12B, RND3, SOX4, and RiskScore showed promising clinical value. RiskScore possibly carries a credible clinical prognostic potential for PAAD.
Influence of two anti-tumor drugs, pazopanib, and axitinib, on the development and thyroid-axis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae
Authors: Yang Liu , Tu Ping-hui , Zhang Cao-xu , Xie Rong-rong , Dong Mei , Jing Yu , Chen Xia , Wei Gang , Song Huai-dong
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In recent years, the potential toxicities of different pharmaceuticals toward the thyroid system have received increasing attention. In this study, we aim to evaluate the toxic effects of pazopanib and axitinib, two anti-tumor drugs with widespread clinical use, on thyroid function in the zebrafish model.

Methods

We measured levels of thyroid-related hormones using the commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis was employed to detect target gene expression changes. Morphology of the thyroid were evaluated by using transgenic Tg (tg: EGFP) fish line under a confocal microscope. The relative mRNA expression of key genes was verified through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). The size and number of the follicles was quantified whereby Hematoxylin–Eosin (H & E) staining under a light microscope.

Results

The results revealed that fertilized zebrafish embryos were incubated in pazopanib or axitinib for 96 hours, development and survival were significantly affected, which was accompanied by significant disturbances in thyroid endocrine system (e.g., increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) content and decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) content, as well as transcription changes of genes associated with the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Moreover, based on whole-mount in situ hybridization staining of tg and histopathological examination of zebrafish embryos treated with pazopanib and axitinib, we observed a significantly abnormal development of thyroid follicles in the Tg (tg: EGFP) zebrafish transgenic line.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings indicate that pazopanib and axitinib may have toxic effects on thyroid development and function, at least partially, by influencing the regulation of the HPT axis. Thus, we believe that the potential thyroid toxicities of pazopanib and axitinib in their clinical applications should receive greater attention.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism predicts treatment response in Japanese subjects
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Dan Kazunori , Ohnishi Mana , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Shimoda Masashi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: July 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among them, thyroid dysfunction is most frequently observed. Patients with irAEs have higher survival rates than those without irAEs, but there is no certainty as to whether the degree of thyroid dysfunction is associated with treatment response or survival with ICIs.

Method

This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study. The study included 466 patients who received ICI at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital from September 1, 2014, to May 31, 2022 and evaluated the degree of abnormal thyroid function and survival and remission rates after treatment with ICIs. Primary hypothyroidism of less than 10 μIU/mL TSH was classified as grade 1, and primary hypothyroidism requiring more than 10 μIU/mL TSH or levothyroxine as grade 2-4.

Result

The mean age of the study participants was 68.2 ± 10.3 years, and the percentage of male participants was 72.6%. The frequency of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction in the study participants was 28.2%. TSH levels were significantly higher in Grade 1 and Grades 2-4 when treated with ICI compared to NTF (p<0.0001). The survival rate at 1 year after ICI administration was significantly higher with 64.9% for grade 1 and 88.9% for grades 2-4 compared to 52.1% for NTF (p<0.0001). Cancer stage at the time of ICI administration did not differ among the groups (p=0.68). Nevertheless, the remission rate assessed by RECIST criteria was significantly higher in grades 2-4 compared to NTF (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction was significantly correlated with survival, mean observation time, and treatment remission rate. It is important to monitor thyroid hormone levels regularly in patients receiving ICIs.
Differentiating thyroid nodules parathyroid lesions using 2D-shear-wave elastography: a novel approach for enhanced diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Stoian Dana , Borlea Andreea , Taban Laura , Maralescu Felix-Mihai , Bob Flaviu , Schiller Oana , Schiller Adalbert , Neagoe Octavian
Published: July 2023

Differentiating between thyroid and parathyroid lesions by means of ultrasound can be a challenge in some cases. This study explores the diagnostic efficacy of bidimensional shear wave elastography planewave ultrasound (2D SWE PLUS) as an auxiliary technique in distinguishing these superficial structures. We evaluated 86 cases, presenting with concurrent thyroid nodules and hyperparathyroidism, through conventional ultrasound and 2D SWE PLUS, employing an Aixplorer Supersonic Mach30 with a 5-18 MHz linear probe. Statistically significant differences were observed for the elasticity index (EI) between parathyroid and normal thyroid tissue (p<0.0001, U=291), and between parathyroid lesions and thyroid nodules (p<0.0001, U=248.5). An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.961, with an optimal cut-off value of ≤8.9 kPa, was established to effectively distinguish parathyroid tissue from normal thyroid tissue (sensitivity of 91.9%; specificity of 97.5%). Furthermore, an AUC of 0.963 and an optimal cut-off of 9.24 kPa (sensitivity of 94.2%, specificity of 91.1%) were determined for parathyroid vs thyroid lesions. Elasticity values were significantly elevated in the cancer group compared to benign thyroid nodules (p<0.0001). Our findings suggest that 2D SWE PLUS is an effective tool in differentiating between thyroid nodules and parathyroid lesions, enhancing diagnostic performance in neck ultrasonography.
Vaccination with an in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bovis strain safely protects highly susceptible adult cattle against acute bovine babesiosis
Authors: Bastos Reginaldo G. , Capelli-Peixoto Janaina , Laughery Jacob M. , Suarez Carlos E. , Ueti Massaro W.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Live in vivo attenuated Babesia bovis vaccines produced by sequential passages in splenectomized calves have historically been used to control acute bovine babesiosis in endemic areas worldwide. However, several constraints prevent the widespread use of these vaccines, including the need for several splenectomized calves to produce vaccine batches, and potential inconsistent parasite attenuation, which contraindicates their use for highly Babesia-susceptible adult cattle. Thus, the use of vaccines based on well-defined in vitro culture attenuated B. bovis strains emerges as a more sustainable and efficient alternative. Previous work demonstrated that the culture attenuated strain Att-S74-T3Bo is non-tick transmissible and able to safely protect calves against needle challenge with a B. bovis virulent strain.

Methods and results

Herein we evaluated safety and efficacy of Att-S74-T3Bo in preventing acute babesiosis in adult (>1.5 year of age) cattle. Results demonstrated that Att-S74-T3Bo vaccination of adult animals (n=5) induced self-limiting signs of acute infection and protected the vaccinated animals against challenge with the homologous virulent B. bovis strain Vir-S74-T3Bo. Att-S74-T3Bo-vaccinated adult cattle developed significant (P<0.05) monocytosis, with concomitant neutropenia and CD4+ leukopenia, in peripheral blood early after vaccination. Also, vaccinated animals developed a specific signature of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in peripheral blood and significant levels of IgM, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 against the B. bovis immunodominant antigen RAP-1 CT. Strikingly, none of the vaccinated animals showed any signs of acute babesiosis after challenge with Vir-S74-T3Bo. In contrast, control adult cattle (n=5) showed pathognomonic symptoms of acute babesiosis, and significant decrease (P<0.05) in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, starting on day 7 post-challenge. All control animals developed severe acute disease and were euthanized on days 10 through 12 days post-challenge.

Discussion and conclusion

Evidence from this study indicates that Att-S74-T3Bo safely protects highly susceptible adult cattle against challenge with a homologous virulent strain of B. bovis. In conclusion, Att-S74-T3Bo may be considered as a potential efficient and sustainable attenuated candidate vaccine strain to control acute bovine babesiosis in highly susceptible adult cattle. Future studies should focus on increasing the number of animals vaccinated, duration of immunity, and efficacy of this attenuated strain against heterologous virulent parasite strains.
Genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum isolates across different altitudinal zones along the slope of Mount Cameroon
Authors: Apinjoh Tobias O. , Ajonina Marcelus U. , Abera Deriba , Chi Hanesh F. , Tata Roland B. , Mugri Regina N. , Golassa Lemu , Achidi Eric A. , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred
Published: July 2023

Background

Malaria elimination is threatened by the emergence and rapid spread of drug resistance. Understanding the demographic history of Plasmodium falciparum and the genetic basis of adaptation to antimalarial treatment and host immunity is critical to elimination efforts. This study sought to characterize the diversity of P. falciparum isolates across different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon.

Methodology

Using the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform P. falciparum isolates from low, intermediate and high altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon were studied to determine their genetic diversity, population structures, and signatures of selection in known drug resistance alleles.

Results

A total of 77,253 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from 220 quality P. falciparum clinical isolates from high (24,214), intermediate (24,426), and low (28,613) altitude. About 49%, 48.2% and 30% of the parasite isolates from high, intermediate, and low altitudes, respectively had FWS values > 0.95 indicative of dominant mixed genotype infections and low population sub-structure with high potential for out-crossing. No significant difference was observed in within-host diversity while population structure analysis did not separate the isolates in the three major altitudinal groups by PCA, FST and admixtures, suggesting bidirectional gene flow among the populations. A total of 94 antigenic genes under balancing selection were detected in the area including vaccine candidate gene ama1, eba175, msp1, trap, dblmsp, and clag2. Moreover, 17 of these genes were identified to be under both recent positive directional and positive balancing selection including the prominent host immune target genes surfin 8.2, trap, and ama1. Recent directional selection analysis using integrated standardized haplotype score (iHS) did not detect any selection signatures in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfmdr1, and PfK13 genes. Furthermore, no PfKelch13 validated mutation associated with artemisinin resistance was identified in this study and no structural divergence was noticed among the P. falciparum parasite populations across different altitudes around the Mount Cameroon region.

Discussion

Findings revealed high genetic diversity and low population structure suggesting that malaria transmission remain high in the study area and parasite populations circulating around the slope of Mount Cameroon are homogenous.
Filling parameters and process optimization of mining–filling synergistic coal-based solid waste paste in Renjiazhuang mine
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Denghong , Yang Ke
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the authors address the issue of large solid waste output and surface subsidence in the western coal base. They focus on the 110904 filling working face of Renjiazhuang Mine and employ a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field practice to analyze the limit caving step and cycle pressure step of the working face. The authors propose a mining-filling coordination scheme called “three mining and one charging”. Through numerical simulation, they demonstrate that this scheme ensures the time-space continuity of the mining-filling cycle and is theoretically feasible. Additionally, the authors conduct nine groups of orthogonal simulation tests to identify the main factors affecting the filling effect. They conclude that the filling rate is the primary controlling factor, and there is a positive correlation between the filling rate and 1-day strength. The authors implement hanging pipe filling in the return air roadway of the 110904 working face, achieving a filling material 1-day strength of 2 MPa and a filling ratio of 80%. The mining-filling synergy scheme proves effective and feasible. However, the issue of pipe plugging during the filling process requires further optimization of the particle gradation in the subsequent filling material ratio scheme. Overall, the proposed mining-filling collaborative process serves as a theoretical reference for similar filling faces.