bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous assemblage detection using nearest neighbor distance
Authors:   , Singkarn Kayyasit
Published: September 2023

The outlierness of an instance in this thesis is defined based on the distance between two instances. For some datasets, outliers may not be isolated and formed small clusters. C-anomalous assemblage is a group of associated outliers having the number of instances less than or equal to C percent of the total instances. This thesis presents the anomalous assemblage detection algorithm called CND using a nearest neighbor distance for an anomalous score. The algorithm computes the index k equal to floor function of C percent times the total number of instances and uses the k-nearest neighbor distance for representing an anomalous score. Then, the adjusted boxplot based on medcouple for skew distribution is used to generate the threshold for detecting outliers. The performance of CND is tested on two types of datasets which are synthetic and real-world datasets from UCI website comparing with WOF and LOF. The experimental results show that CND is better than WOF and LOF on datasets based on precision, recall, and F1-measure.
Design and Development of an Assistive Hand Device for Enhancing Compatibility and Comfortability
Authors:   , Toochinda Siwakorn
Published: September 2023

Currently, there are plenty of hand exoskeletons for rehabilitation and assistive purpose that have been developed. They have been designed for working with patient’s limbs and can be used for hand positioning and executing task which help reduce therapist’s workload and gives them an alternative way to rehabilitate patients. However, there are some patients with permanent impairment which cannot improve from rehabilitation further. Thus, portable assistive devices could greatly help them performing simple activities of daily living (ADL), but such device has not been fully explored yet, the present design of tendon routing cannot closely replicate finger orientation and motion during grasping. Improving the flexion tendon would increase the possibility of grasping for patients with hand disability. This research aims to develop a tendon routing design of soft exoskeleton to increase compatibility with human hand, while it can execute tasks and exercises more naturally compared to normal limbs to help stroke patients to live independently. Results convince that the proposed flexion routing can closely replicate human grasping motion with sufficient fingertip force to perform daily activities.
Reactive oxygen species-induced global DNA hypomethylation in bladder cancer is mediated via increased formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
Authors:   , Whongsiri Patcharawalai
Published: September 2023

Oxidative stress, as a consequence of the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in various chronic diseases including cancers by, for examples, causing oxidative DNA damage and altering epigenetic regulation. Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) is an only active retrotransposable elements in human DNA, comprising up to 17% of the whole genome. LINE-1 hypomethylation is reported in bladder cancer and evidently it is a consequence of oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the expression of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), LINE-1-endoced protein (ORF1p), histone H3K9me3 and HP1 alpha in bladder cancer tissues. Mechanistic insight into how oxidative stress affected DNA methylation and histone modifications that further caused aberrant expression of LINE-1 elements in bladder cancer cells was also explored. Elevated expression of 8-OHdG, decreased 5-mC expression, upregulation of ORF1p expression, and increase in histone H3K9me3 expression were observed in bladder cancer tissues, indicating increases in oxidative stress and epigenetic alterations. The in vitro study in bladder cancer cell lines revealed that LINE-1 hypomethylation was occurred through the oxidative DNA damage on LINE-1 promoter. Based on ChIP experiments, oxidative stress disturbed histone modification patterns, especially on LINE-1 promoter. Enrichments of histone H3K4me3 and H3K18Ac at LINE-1 promoter were increased in ROS-treated cells compared to the untreated control. In addition, ROS-treated bladder cancer cells had migration and invasion capability greater than the untreated control cells. In conclusion, elevated formation of oxidative DNA lesions, overexpression of ORF1p, and alteration of chromatin modification were shown in human bladder cancer tissues. Experimentally, oxidative stress induced by ROS caused hypomethylation of LINE-1 and enrichment of active chromatin marks at LINE-1 promoter. These, at least in part, led to increased expression of LINE-1 ORF1p protein. The current findings suggest that LINE-1 reactivation by oxidative stress promotes bladder cancer progression. Therefore, downregulation of LINE-1 expression and attenuation of oxidative stress could be potential targets for bladder cancer therapy in the future.
MEASUREMENT OF EYE LENS DOSE IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGIST FROM TACE PROCEDURES USING OSLD
Authors:   , Vimolnoch Mananchaya
Published: September 2023

For routine clinical service at Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH), TACE procedure has been one of the high exposure procedures, which result in increasing eye lens dose in interventional radiologists. Thus, radiation dose should be evaluated in interventional radiology staff who may receive high eye lens dose. Currently, there is insufficient information to comply with the ICRP dose limit on the occupation exposure to the eye lens. One of the factors affecting the eye lens dose is the variation in tube directions in the interventional radiology (IR) laboratories. A preliminary study about tube angulations influence radiation exposure to the eye lens has been conducted. The objectives of this study are to determine the average annual equivalent doses and the parameters influence equivalent doses to the eye lens of the interventional radiologists in TACE procedures at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. In order to determine the average annual eye lens dose of an interventional radiologist and three fellows, four nanoDot (OSL) dosimeters were taped on the left and right sides of the inside and outside of lead glass eyewear and measured monthly. The annual eye lens doses were then estimated. The influence of tube angulation to the eye lens dose had been studied using Toshiba digital flat-panel angiographic system (Infinix-I 8000C) and nanoDot dosimeters taped on the lead glass eyewear which applied to the rando phantom to simulate the interventional radiologist under TACE procedure. The results show the average annual eye lens dose measured from an interventional radiologist and three fellows at left side was 7.64 mSv and at the right side was 6.21 mSv when the lead glass eyewear was applied. The maximum estimated annual dose at the left and right eyes without lead glasses were 31.96 and 24.23 mSv respectively. Tube direction under LAO combined with caudal angle delivered the highest eye lens dose of 9.20 mSv/procedure at the left eye when protective equipment was not utilized. The eye lens dose at the right side inside the lead glass eyewear was higher than outside in two fellows as some scattered radiation can reach the right nanoDot inside lead glasses without reaching the outside dosimeter. Radiation exposure from LAO series was high due to the shorter distance between the source of scattered radiation and the phantom than the other tube directions. The annual eye lens dose of the interventional radiologist has the potential to exceed the new ICRP dose limit of 20 mSv/year if radiation protective tools are not properly used.
THE DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION ON PHOTON ENERGY EFFECT FOR CERVICAL CARCINOMA IN 3D-CRT, IMRT, AND VMAT PLANS
Authors:   , Poolnapol Vanida
Published: September 2023

In the previous time, 3D-CRT technique has been considered as the primary treatment for cervical cancer treatment. Nowadays, advanced techniques, IMRT and VMAT, are used to treat because of the dosimetric and clinical benefit over 3D-CRT technique. However, each of these technique generates difference outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric outcomes between 6 and 15 MV photon energies in each 4 fields box 3D-CRT, 9 fields IMRT, and 2 arcs VMAT plans of five advanced cervical cancers using parameters of D95%, TC, HI, CI, CN from PTV, V45 Gy and V50 Gy from OARs, NTID, MUs, beam on time, neutron dose as well as gamma dose contamination. The plans were performed on Eclipse TPS with the prescribed dose of 50.4 Gy/28F. The results showed that PTV received dose at least 50.4 Gy for all energies and techniques, while the OARs doses were lower than the tolerance limits except 3D-CRT technique. The IMRT and VMAT techniques showed the great similar PTV and OARs doses in both energy plans. The two energy IMRT and VMAT plans revealed percent volume of bladder, rectum and bowel reside in tolerance limit. However, the NTID, Mus, and beam on time in the 15 MV of all planning techniques provided better results than 6 MV plans. For radiation contamination during irradiation, the 15 MV plans presented the higher neutron dose in IMRT than 3D-CRT and VMAT, respectively due to the influence of gantry directions. While at 30s, 2mins, and 5mins after irradiation, the results were different because the outcomes relate to MUs results. Therefore, the neutron and gamma dose of VMAT were higher than 3D-CRT technique whereas IMRT delivered the highest neutron and gamma dose contamination. In conclusion, the 15 MV is recommended in 3D-CRT due to the better in CI and CN property. In contrast, the 6 MV energy is a good option for IMRT technique, since the same dosimetric parameters but 15 MV beams present neutron and gamma dose. For VMAT technique, both of photon energies are suitable to treat cervical cancer due to no significant difference in almost all outcome parameters between these two energies.
CTL-mediated immune evasion in hiv viraemic controllers and non-controllers
Authors:   , Kaewpreedee Prathanporn
Published: September 2023

Objective: To compare T cell response and to identify the mechanism of escape in HIV-infected volunteers.
Methods: HIV-infected volunteers (CD4>450 cells/µL) were enrolled from the anonymous clinic. Volunteers were classified into two groups based on HIV plasma viral load; viraemic controllers (VC) (VL<2000 cp/mL) and non-controllers (NC) (VL>2000 cp/mL). EDTA-whole blood was collected and determined the response against Gag p24 by IFNγ ELISpot assay. Population sequencing within the Gag p24 region was performed to identify escape mutations. Results: Demographic data [age, gender, sexual preference and the presence of protective alleles (HLA-B27, -B57 and –B58)] between VC (n=23) and NC (n=41) were no statistical significance. IFNγ-secreting cells response against Gag p24 as determining by ELISpot assay revealed that some volunteers could not respond to epitopes which are restricted by their HLA alleles (termed as non-responder). The HLA-B27-KK10 non-responders contain HLA polymorphism, HLA-B2706 which accommodates different amino acid with HLA-B2704 and HLA-B2705. The HLA-B57-TW10 and QW9, non-responders did not respond because escape mutation (T242N and T3S, respectively) was found within non-responders’ sequences. Interestingly, HLA-A11-AK11 epitope at the amino acid level was not different among responders and non-responders. Codon usages were subsequently compared and it was found that at the C-terminal position (K; Lysine) preferred different codons for translating to lysine. AAG codon is more preferable in AK11-responders while AAA codon is preferred in AK11 non-responders. In conclusion, these findings may contribute to better knowledge on HIV pathogenesis and the way to improve vaccine efficacy in the future.
Characterization of t cell secreted cytokines and cytotoxic mediators profiling in knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors:   , Sae-jung Thitiya
Published: September 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease associated with morphological joint changes that results in the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone with erosive inflammation. Factors of OA are intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor. The pathogenesis of OA relates with immune responses and immune cells, T cells, B cells, and macrophages etc., T cells both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell are immune cells that have been suggested to play a role in OA. However, we found many finding in CD8+ T cells such as a high proportion of CD8+ T cell was observed in tissue of knee joint. In addition, a trend for higher frequency for CD8+ T cell with older in OA patients. In our study, we collected peripheral blood and infrapatellar fat pad (IFPs) from knee OA patients and measured their cytokine/cytotoxic granule production and the frequency of degranulating (CD107a+) from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We determined the relation between, their cytokine (IL-1b, IL-17, IL-6, TNF and IFN-g), cytotoxic granules (perforin, granzymeB, granulysin) production and degranulating cells of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) radiographic gradings. We found that TNF-producing CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of OA patients was a higher level than healthy individual. IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-producing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell were increased in IFP of knee OA patients. In addition, the presence of degranulating cell-producing CD8+ T cell both in peripheral blood and IFP from knee OA patients revealed a higher level than healthy individuals. Moreover, our data showed perforin/granulysin in CD4+ T cells and perforin/granzyme B in CD8+ T cell were a higher level in IFP of knee OA patients when compared to peripheral blood of knee OA patients. We observed no correlation between cytokines/cytotoxic granules and CD107a, with grade 3, grade 4. We were also detectable and a high level to IL-6, sFas, granzyme A, perforin and granulysin in synovial fluid of OA patients. This study provides a more understanding about the mechanism of knee OA pathogenesis and lead to the development of drug design for OA treatment and to find soluble factors as a prognostic marker for knee OA.
Assessment of human papillomavirus detection using different methods and clinical samples
Authors:   , Nilyanimit Pornjarim
Published: September 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent implicated cancers include those of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, rectum and oropharynx. Currently, the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is the recommended for cervical cancer screening but only a small percentage of women follow this screening. Overall, this thesis aimed to develop the technique and type of specimen to detect HPV DNA in Thai population and to characterize of the HPV genotypes in Thai patients with anogenital warts. Cervical swab and urine sample of 116 women and 100 men were collected before the Pap smear test. The histological examination of women can classified into 4 group: normal cytology in 52, ASCUS in 9, LSIL in 24, and HSIL in 31. In male patients, there were 45 heterosexual males who visited hospital for health check-up and 55 were documented as homosexuals or MSM. HPV DNA was genotyping by electrochemical DNA chip and PCR sequencing showed HPV16 was the most prevalence in this study. The HPV detection rate was generally lower in urine samples compared with cervical samples. There was good agreement for detection of carcinogenic HPV from female cervical samples between the DNA chip and PCR/sequencing, with 88.8% agreement. In male urine samples, the level of agreement was higher in heterosexuals compared with homosexuals. Moreover, the 164 pair of urine and cervical specimens were tested with Genoarray assay. The result showed overall concordance percentage for HPV detection was 65.2%. In addition, the comparison of 101 self-collected vaginal and physician-collected cervical swabs of known cytology was performed by DNA chip assay.  The result showed the concordance was relatively high between self-collected and physician-collected samples. The most common HPV genotype detected was HPV 51. Also, 58 cervicovaginal samples were tested for HPV genotypes using four methods in parallel: nested-PCR followed by conventional sequencing, INNO-LiPA, DNA chip, and NGS. These findings show that 7 HPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 56, and 58) were identified by all four methods. Nineteen HPV genotypes were detected by NGS, but not by nested-PCR, INNO-LiPA, or DNA chip. This findings further showed the alternative method to detected HPV genotyping. Finally, the study was investigate HPV-associated anogenital warts in the Thai population and whether genotypes found are represented in the vaccine. A total of 206 anogenital swab samples were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. HPV positive was identified in 88.3% (182/206) of the samples. The majority of HPV (75.2%) were low-risk genotypes HPV6 and HPV11. This finding conclusion, this study demonstrated urine and self-collected swab is a promising technique for HPV screening. NGS may serve as an alternative for diagnostic HPV genotyping in certain situations. Moreover, quadrivalent vaccine could potentially prevent the genital warts in the Thai population.
Effects of genistein on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat high-fructose diet in bilateral ovariectomized rats
Authors:   , Pummoung Sudaporn
Published: September 2023

To investigate the effects of genistein on estrogen deficiency with high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced NASH rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were randomly divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (non-OVX) group. Both rat groups, further allocated into 3 subgroups; controls, rats fed with HFHF diet (NASH), and rats fed with HFHF diet plus daily 16 mg/kg BW of genistein (NASH+Gen) for 8 weeks. Serum samples were collected for liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and TNF-α level analysis. Liver tissue samples were harvested for histopathology, hepatic lipid accumulation (oil red o stained, FFA and TG level), hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA level), hepatic inflammation (TNF-α and NF-kB) and hepatocytes apoptosis (TUNELs) examination. Protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and estrogen receptor subtypes were analyzed by western blot.   Rats fed with HFHF showed typical histopathology of NASH in both non-OVX and OVX groups as demonstrated by significantly increased of all histological feature scores of Brunt’s criteria when compared with controls. The most severe histopathological damage was observed in OVX rats with NASH group. Hepatic lipid accumulations (ORO, TG, and FFA) were augmented in both non-OVX and OVX rats fed with HFHF. These augmentation were significantly higher in NASH rats with OVX than non-OVX. Additionally, inflammatory markers; serum TNF-α, hepatic MDA, and NF-kB, were enhanced in diet-induced NASH with both non-OVX and OVX groups. Moreover, hepatocytes apoptosis, and hepatic PPARγ expression were increased in both non-OVX and OVX rats with NASH. Interestingly, similarly levels of hepatic MDA, FFA, PPARγ, and adiponectin were observed between control and NASH with OVX groups. These might be the influence of estrogen deficiency and suggested the impact of estrogen deficiency in NASH pathogenesis. Estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) expression in liver displayed the opposite pattern after induced to NASH, since, ERα increased and ERβ decreased in NASH rats of both non-OVX and OVX.   NASH rats that received daily 16 mg/kg BW of genistein improved the histopathological damage in both non-OVX and OVX as exhibited significantly lowered of all histological features scores. Furthermore, genistein significantly attenuated the inflammation, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis in both non-OVX and OVX rats with NASH. Genistein displayed the properties as PPARγ antagonist and adiponectin agonist in NASH rats. In both non-OVX and OVX rats, the expression of ERα was declined with genistein administration as compared to the NASH groups, whereas, ERβ expression was not altered.   In conclusion, HFHF diet is able to develop NASH pathogenesis and could be intensified by estrogen deficiency, suggesting the protective effect of estrogen on NASH. Genistein administration may protect NASH in both non-OVX and OVX rats.
Development of Parkinson’s glove for detection and suppression of hand tremor at rest among the tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease patients with medically intractable tremor.
Authors:   , Jitkritsadakul Onanong
Published: September 2023

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of an electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) as a treatment for drug resistant tremor in PD patients by identifying of the most suitable stimulation protocols for tremor reduction and to seek out for the best location for placement of the surface electrodes (phase 1) and developing the Parkinson’s glove and test for its efficacy in suppression of hand tremor at rest among the tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease patients with medically intractable tremor (phase 2). From phase 1 study, 34 PD patients with classic resting tremor was recruited. The suitable stimulation protocol and the best location for stimulating were identified. Compared to before stimulation, we observed a significant reduction in tremor parameters during stimulation. From phase 2 study, the Parkinson’s glove was developed and tested for its efficacy compare with a sham glove among 40 PD patients with intractable hand tremor in a randomized-controlled study. Forty PD patients were randomly allocated into 20 patients in the Parkinson’s glove group and 20 patients in the sham glove group. During intervention, Parkinson’s glove group showed significant tremor reduction compared to a sham group determined by reduction in the tremor amplitude parameters, but not with tremor frequency. Parkinson’s glove might become a therapeutic option for tremor reduction among those PD patients with medically intractable tremor.
The application of prostacyclin in promoting angiogenesis of dental pulp tissue in a three dimensional organ culture system
Authors:   , Seang Sonntana
Published: September 2023

Background: Dental pulp vitality can be threatened by carious or iatrogenic exposure that can lead to pulp tissue loss. The formation of a vascular network is crucial to provide a suitable environment for tissue regeneration. Thus, promoting angiogenesis is essential for successful pulpal repair in regenerative endodontics therapy. Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, promotes vascularization in several organs such as, heart, lung, and corneal. Previously, it has been demonstrated that, iloprost induced pulpal blood flow and enhanced dentin formation in a rat mechanical pulp exposure model. However, the angiogenic effect of iloprost on the human dental pulp vasculature remains unknown. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of iloprost on promoting dental pulp angiogenesis using the tooth-slice organ culture system. Materials and methods: Tooth-slices with intact dental pulp tissues were prepared from extracted human third molars. Dental pulp tissue viability was analyzed by live/dead cell confocal microscopy. The tooth-slices were cultured without iloprost (control group) or with iloprost at a dose of 10-6 M. The microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the cultured tooth-slices were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The collagen deposition was determined by Masson’s Trichrome and immunofluorescent staining. A PKA-inhibitor was used to identify the molecular mechanisms regulated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) that govern iloprost in promoting angiogenesis. Results: The dental pulp tissue architecture in the human tooth-slices model were maintained and remained viable when cultured in serum-free media. Iloprost increased the microvessel density as shown by a higher number of von Willibrand Factor-positive blood vessels when compare with the control tooth slice. A significant increased in the VEGF expression and the collange 1 (COL1) production were also observed in the tooth-slices cultured with iloprost. The effect of iloprost on angiogenesis and collagen synthesis were abolished following inhibition of protein kinase A activity. Conclusion: Human tooth-slices provide a valuable and easy-to-obtain model to investigate the effect of bioactive molecules used in dental pulp regeneration. This study, for the first time, showed that tooth slices could be kept viable under serum-free conditions for up to 3 days. Iloprost promoted angiogenesis, increased new vessel formation, and induced collagen deposition. This study proposes the clinical value of iloprost as a drug for inducing angiogenesis that can increase the success of pulp regeneration.
Mechanism and performance of solid non-particulate soil (waxy solid) removal from fabrics
Authors:   , Chanwattanakit Jarussri
Published: September 2023

Methyl palmitate or palmictic acid methyl ester was used as both a model solid fat and an oily soil was removed from cotton and polyester above and below the melting point. Surfactants studied were extended surfactants (C12,13-4PO-SO4Na , C12,14-10PO-2EO-SO4Na and C12,14-16PO-2EO-SO4Na), alcohol ethoxylate (EO9), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), methyl ester sulfonate (MES), methyl ester ethoxylate (MEE), and mixed surfactants between extended surfactant (C12,13-4PO-SO4Na) and sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate (SMDNS). Above the melting point (~30 ºC) of methyl palmitate, the maximum oily soil removal was found to correlate well with the lowest dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) with increasing washing temperature and salinity. Therefore, roll-up of liquid soil is an important mechanism. Below the melting point, the detergency efficiency was high corresponding to the low contact angles (indicating high wettability) of the wash solution on the methyl palmitate surface for all studied surfactants. The solidified methyl palmitate was dislodged from fabric surface and dispersed in the wash solution as small solid particles by surfactant penetration resulting from wetting the surface rather than solubilization. Therefore, surfactant and salinity improves wetting, dispersion stability, and decreases detached particle size. Unlike particulate soil, electrostatics is not the primary driving force for solid non-particulate soil detergency.
Adsorptive Bubble Separation for Oil Removal
Authors:   , Kanokkarn Paweena
Published: September 2023

This present work emphasized on the current knowledge regarding (i) feasibility of multi–stage forth flotation operation for oil removal, and (ii) comprehension of dynamic surface tensions of surfactant solutions in relation to foam characteristics. A multi–stage forth flotation efficiency depends on the enhancement of interfacial adsorption and the number of bubble caps and tray. The operational parameters including foam height, air flow rate and feed flow rate were controlled to obtain the optimum process performance. Under the optimum conditions—a number of trays of 4, a foam height of 60 cm, an air flow rate of 40 L/min, a feed flow rate of 60 mL/min, a surfactant concentration of 0.3% (w/v), and an NaCl concentration of 1.5% (w/v)—the enrichment ratio and the removal of motor oil could reach as high as 16.3 and 97.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of surfactant structure on the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension were investigated and discussed to correlate with foam properties. For all studied surfactant solutions, the equilibrium experimental data were well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, while the dynamic surface tension data were used to calculate diffusivity values of all studied surfactants by using Word-Tordai equation. It was found that a surfactant having longer alkyl group has a lower diffusivity value, whereas a surfactant having larger head group size has a higher diffusivity. The adsorption process of surfactant onto the air/water interface of generated bubbles was controlled by the diffusion.
Synthesis of Ni-TiN incorporated porous silica catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors:   , Chotirach Maslin
Published: September 2023

A new titanium nitride (TiN) promoted nickel catalyst was synthesized and tested as an alternative catalyst in the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The series of this catalyst with various Ni and TiN contents was prepared in two steps, direct synthesis of SBA-15 in the presence of TiN, followed by the impregnation of Ni. The influence of TiN promoted Ni-based catalyst on dry reforming reaction was investigated at the temperature of 700ºC and atmospheric pressure for a duration of 4 h, using feed ratio of CH4/CO2 = 1. The promising catalysts, that gave highest CO2 and CH4 conversions as well as the production of H2 and CO, were selected. These selected catalysts were compared to non-promoted Ni catalyst in the reaction for 12 h for further investigation. The results showed that the performance of Ni catalyst in the reaction was improved by incorporated TiN. Moreover, the SBA-15 support is favor to DRM reaction more than zeolite Y. The appropriate basicity was generated by the presence of both Ni and TiN supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15. The maximum CH4 and CO2 conversions were obtained from the catalyst containing 10 wt% Ni and ~ 5 wt% TiN supported on SBA-15. Therefore, Ni/TiN-SBA-15 could be a competitive candidate catalyst for DRM reaction.
Electrochemical properties of LnSr3-xCaxFe3-yByO10 (Ln = La, Pr and Sm; x = 0-1.0; B = Co, Ni and Cu; y = 0-1.5) for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors:   , Wongsawatgul Nicharee
Published: September 2023

To enhance the electrochemical performance of cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases of LnSr3-xCaxFe3-yByO10 (Ln = La, Pr and Sm; x = 0-1.0; B = Ni, Co, and Cu; y = 0-1.5) was investigated and prepared by citric nitrate combustion method. Firstly, various Ca concentrations were added to the LaSr3-xCaxFe3O10-δ structure and it was found that the materials contained low Ca concentration provided the lower area specific resistance (ASR) and better electrochemical cell performance due to the enhance in conductivity and reduction of TEC. Secondly, the effect of Pr and Sm replacement for La in LaSr2.7Ca0.3Fe3O10-δ was evaluated. The electrochemical cell performance of Pr substituted materials was promoted with the reduction of ASR due to the increase of oxygen migration through the oxygen vacancy and the reduction of Fe. Thirdly, the substitution of Ni, Co and Cu for Fe in PrSr2.7Ca0.3Fe2.5B0.5O10-δ was studied. The electrochemical performance of Co and Cu substituted materials was enhanced while the ASR was reduced because the conductivity and oxygen diffusivity were increased. Lastly, the effect of Co concentration in PrSr2.7Ca0.3Fe3-yCoyO10-δ was evaluated. The increased Co concentration decreased the electrochemical performance with increasing of ASR due to the lowering oxygen mobility, and the TEC was significantly increased. Thus, among the oxides examined in this work, PrSr2.7Ca0.3Fe2.5Co0.5O10-δ cathode showed the best electrochemical performance of single cell IT-SOFC with the maximum power density of 481 mW.cm-2 and the lowest ASR of 1.18 Ω cm2.
Microencapsulation of eugenol in polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and alginate
Authors:   , Supachettapun Chamaiporn
Published: September 2023

Eugenol is widely used in several applications such as food activity packaging to prolong shelf life of fruits and vegetables because of its antimicrobial activity. However, eugenol is easy to decompose, leading to reduce its activity. In this work, we prepared eugenol loaded alginate-chitosan microparticles in order to solve this problem and controlled release essential oil using ionic gelation technique. The effect of concentration of eugenol (0.1-0.5 g), calcium chloride (0.5 – 8 %W/V) and surfactant (2-10% W/V) was investigated. The results showed that the optimum condition was eugenol 0.1 g, calcium chloride 2% W/V and surfactant 4% W/V. The SEM image of alginate-chitosan microparticles as ration 1:1 showed a regular distribution and spherical shape with the size of 1 mm and after loading eugenol into the beads, it was still spherical in shape.  FTIR spectrum showed the interaction between carboxylic group of alginate and amine group of chitosan. According to the release profiles, it was found that release rate of eugenol loaded alginate-chitosan microparticles was higher than that of eugenol loaded alginate microparticles. In addition, strawberries were selected as a fruit model for evaluation of antimicrobial properties of eugenol loaded alginate-chitosan microparticles. The results showed that eugenol loaded alginate-chitosan microparticles could inhibit microbial in strawberries and prolong shelf-life up to 12 days. The measurements of color, lightness (L*), hue angle (h°), weight loss, and total soluble solid during storage at 0, 4, 8 and 12 days confirm that there are no significantly difference between treatment group of strawberries and control. However, the firmness of treatment group increased, which might be due to the beads could adsorb moisture, which is a major factor related to their firmness.
Functional surfactants in lubricant for microelectronic industry
Authors:   , Khongphow Chuenkamol
Published: September 2023

The functional surfactants, as the additional additives in the standard glycol-based lubricant were studied and optimized to reduce and protect the surface of the magnetic read/write head from deposited contaminants during the lapping processes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results identified that the black contamination was bismuth (Bi) particles, came out from lapping plate during the lapping process due to wear. Selected surfactants exhibited the results in reduce and prevent the deposition of contaminants by forming the micelle beyond their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. We found that both polyethoxylate alcohol (PEAL) and quaternary amines (QA) can form their micelle in glycol-based lubricant at the ratio of 1 %wt. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PO) can protect the surface by its oxyethylene groups group at the 0.2 %wt in based lubricant. The characteristics and performances of modified lubricants were measured the change in magnetoresistive resistance value (%DMRR) from quasi-static test (QST). The modified lubricants had minor distribution failure of slider lower than standard lubricant. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarization measurement results indicated that additional surfactant can also yield almost 300% better performances than the standard lubricant in term of corrosion protection during lapping processes. Thus, these surfactants can function both as the contamination protective additive and as anti-corrosion additive. These modified lubricants can also keep the lap time and other physical performances to match the fabrication requirements.
HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF OLEIC ACID ON UNSUPPORTED Co-Mo AND Ni-Mo SULFIDE CATALYSTS
Authors:   , Sanggam Paphawee
Published: September 2023

In this research, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of oleic acid (model compound of palm oil) over unsupported Co-Mo and Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts was carried out in Parr reactor to produce bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD). The effects of reaction parameters: temperature, hydrogen pressure and the mole ratio of catalysts (Ni/(Ni+Mo) or Co/(Co+Mo)) on the conversion and product yields (mainly n-C17 and n-C18 hydrocarbons) were investigated to find the optimal conditions. The results showed that high pressure favored a HDO pathway, while high temperature strongly affected to decarboxylation and decarbonylation pathways. At optimal condition as temperature of 280oC, reaction times of 6 h and hydrogen pressure of 60 bars, the Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts with Ni/(Ni+Mo) ratio of 0.2 exhibited better perfomance for the oleic acid HDO than Co-Mo sulfide in term of oleic acid conversion (100 wt%), n-C18 selectivity (78.8 wt%) and n-C18 yield (70.3 wt%).
PREPARATION OF POROUS CARBON FROM POPPED RICE VIA IMPREGNATED WATER COUPLED WITH FREEZE-DRYING PROCESS
Authors:   , Nisawa-anutaraphan Purichaya
Published: September 2023

Activated carbon is an interesting material due to its high surface area derived from the highly porous structure. This material is suitable for using as a good adsorbent in various applications such as wastewater treatment, gas absorption and medicine. Production of activated carbon typically consists of two steps which are carbonization and activation. Agricultural wastes are used as carbon sources. This research focuses on the production of activated carbon from popped rice due to its appropriate chemical and structural characteristics, including highly starch content and connected-pore structure. Therefore, it should potentially be applied to produce activated carbon if the surface of popped rice is activated properly. Herein, this work aims to study the feasibility of an alternative way to produce activated carbon, which is activation-then-carbonization method. Water impregnation coupled with freeze-drying method is as used an activation technique. The results show that the proposed activation method can create small pores on the surface of the carbon derived from popped rice. The pores appear after the freeze-drying process. Adsorption capacity of methylene blue on the popped rice-derived carbon was less than that of the commercial activated carbon. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) indicates that the surface area and pore volume of the popped rice-derived carbon is smaller than the one without activation despite having additionally generated pores on the surface. Again, both types of the popped rice-derived carbon have much smaller surface area and pore volume than the commercial product. The reason is that, the structure of the popped rice with water impregnation collapsed and became overlapped, resulting in overall decreased surface area. Therefore, although the proposed activation method can induce the formation of small pore, the obtained carbon black cannot provide adsorption capacity comparable to the commercial product. This research may be useful for further developing procedures that use water activation before carbonization in the future.
Water/dust repellent coatings for wood surface from 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane-quat 188
Authors:   , Tubtimtong Tanate
Published: September 2023

Wetting and dust fouling on wood surface are big problems because of hydroxyl group and static charge on its surface. These problems could be minimized by surface modification which decreasing of hydroxyl groups and increasing of positive charges on wood surface. Many researches were reported about wetting issue but there were few studies directly involved to dust problem. In this research, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (Q188) were used to modify hydroxyl groups on wood surface to enhance wetting and dust repellency behavior of wood. The APTES-treated woods (AW) were prepared by immersion solution method and then were used as precursor to treat with Q188 to fabricate APTES-Q188-treated wood (AQW). The modified woods were characterized by SEM, EDX, UV-Vis, FT-IR, Contact angle measurement as well as dust repellent test. The UV-Vis absorbance which related to Ruhemann’s purple and the EDX spectra of Si were observed in all of AW sample which confirmed successful fabrication of APTES-treated wood. The contact angle of modified surfaces was observed that APTES can improve the hydrophobicity and transform wood surface to hydrophobic surface. Meanwhile, increasing of Q188 concentration leaded to improvement of dust repellent but also reduced the hydrophobicity. Therefore, the optimum concentrations of APTES and Q188 were introduced at 0.3A-0.15QA which obtain both of water and dust resistance.
Bioactive compounds from dendrobium infundibulum
Authors:   , Ranong Salinee
Published: September 2023

Phytochemical study of the methanol extract from Dendrobium infundibulum (Orchidaceae) led to isolation of nine pure compounds including two new compounds (dendroinfundin A and dendroinfundin B) and seven known compounds (ephemeranthol A, moscatilin, aloifol I, batatasin III, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybibenzyl,  3,4'-dihydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxybibenzyl and dendrosinen B). Their structures were determined from their spectroscopic data. All compounds were then examined for their lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Dendrosinen B (IC50 = 295.0±37.9 µM) showed moderate inhibitory activity against lipase when compared with orlistat (IC50 = 31.4±0.6 nM). Strong anti alpha-glucosidase agents were batatasin III (IC50 = 148.8±8.4 µM) and dendrosinen B (IC50 = 213.9±2.4 µM), which were more potent than acarbose (IC50 = 809.1±22.2 µM).
Toxicity of silver, silver-copper and silver-tin nanoparticles in THP-1 cell line and THP-1 differentiated macrophage cells
Authors:   , Monprasit Patamaporn
Published: September 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoparticles in the form of silver-metal alloy, such as silver-copper (AgCuNPs) and silver-tin (AgSnNPs) have been applied in various industries and medical applications. To assess effects of these nanoparticles on human immune system, this study aimed to assess toxicity of AgNPs, AgCuNPs and AgSnNPs on human monocytes, THP-1 cells, and THP-1 differentiated macrophage cells. The nanoparticles were characterized and assessed for cytotoxicity and generation of intracellular ROS. Effects of the nanoparticles on the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8) were also assessed. The results demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity of silver and silver-metal nanoparticles at the concentration range of 5-100 µg/mL in THP-1 cells. AgNPs and AgCuNPs decreased cell viability of macrophages only at high concentrations. Intracellular ROS generation was not the only cause of cell death. All three nanoparticles significantly impaired the release of TNF-α in THP-1 cells but caused significant increase of IL-8 release in THP-1 differentiated macrophage cells. Biological effects of metal-based nanoparticles are still a topic of interest for further investigations.
Electrical property-investigation of porous clay heterostructures derived from naturally-occurring clay minerals for smart packaging
Authors:   , Srithammaraj Kornkamol
Published: September 2023

Porous Clay Heterostructure (PCH) is an interesting material to use as entrapping system such as ethylene scavenger, respected to its high surface area with uniform and specific pore size. PCHs have been prepared by the surfactant-directed assembly of mesostructured silica within the two-dimensional galleries of clays. Then, the PCH was synthesized within the galleries of Na-bentonite clay by the polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of surfactant micelles. In addition, mesoporous clay with organic-inorganic hybrid (HPCH) is modified via co-condensation reaction of TEOS with candidate conductive functional groups (thiol group) and metal loading (silver), designated as MPPCH and Ag-PCH, to enhance surface conductivity of PCH material for using as sensor packaging. Subsequently, all modified PCHs were utilized as ethylene scavenger and blended with polypropylene for producing ethylene scavenging films in food packaging application with various ratios of clay. The morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied and reported in this work. In addition, the modified PCHs and polypropylene/modified PCHs nanocomposite films were also evaluated the potential uses in active packaging and sensor packaging.
Study the Best Support for Hydrolysis of Tiger Grass
Authors:   , Sayamnikorn Kurizara
Published: September 2023

Bioethanol, one of the outstanding biofuels, is not only a renewable bio-based resource, but also interesting to research for improving better properties of the enzyme needed in the hydrolysis process. The purpose of this work is to study how to reuse the enzyme used in the hydrolysis step for bioethanol production by immobilizing Trichoderma reesei (T.reesei) on various silica supports, namely, SBA-15, TUD-1, and MCM-48. The amount of the adsorbed enzymes was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Among those studied supports, SBA-15 showed 100% enzymatic adsorption on the support owing to its larger pore diameter of 6.14 nm, which is large enough to accommodate T.reesei enzyme molecules inside the pore channel. Various parameters, viz. temperature, pH, time, and amount of the support for optimizing the immobilized enzyme were investigated. The immobilized T.reesei on SBA-15 support was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption. The amount of monomeric sugar after the hydrolysis process was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
The quality of complete denture, patient's satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life, and their association
Authors:   , Limpuangthip Nareudee
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the association of complete denture quality, patient’s satisfaction, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). A total of 126 complete denture wearers was interviewed for the primary outcome, OHRQoL, using Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) index. Secondary outcomes were patient’s satisfaction and masticatory performance. Denture retention and stability were scored following the conventional and Chulalongkorn University (CU)-modified Kapur criteria. Esthetic-assessment criteria was evaluated from patient’s photographs. It was found that limited eating/chewing was the most common problem, and an ill-fitting denture was a primary cause of any reported problems. Unacceptable denture retention and/or stability associated with lower masticatory performance, eating dissatisfaction, and reported oral impact. CU-modified Kapur criteria revealed higher sensitivity in estimating all patient-based outcomes compared to the conventional criteria. Denture age and esthetic-assessment criteria associated with none of patient-based outcomes. In conclusion, the CU-modified Kapur criteria for complete denture retention and stability evaluation is an alternative tool in estimating masticatory ability and OHRQoL with higher sensitivity. The CU-modified Kapur criteria helps clinician in making decision whether a denture needs refabrication. In addition to professional evaluation, OHRQoL assessment should be used in evaluating a treatment need or outcome.