bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sepsis Mortality in Hospitalized Children With Cancer Is Associated With Lack of a Screening Tool
Authors: Hakim Hana , Richardson Troy , Riggs Ruth , Auletta Jeffery J. , DiGerolamo Kimberly , Hron Jonathan D. , Kohorst Mira , Laurie Kathryn , Maixner Michelle , Mulcahy Levy Jean M. , Ohlsen Timothy J. D. , Orsey Andrea D. , Prudowsky Zachary D. , Raghu Vikram K. , Redfern Wendi , Rozenfeld Ranna A. , Workman Jennifer K. , Wilkes Jennifer J.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

Sepsis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematology, oncology, and transplant (PHOT) patients. This study characterized PHOT patients who developed hospital-onset sepsis more than 12 hours after admission and identified risk factors for 30-day sepsis-attributable (SA) mortality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We analyzed an existing multicenter database of sepsis collected prospectively over 5 years (2017–2021) as part of the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Collaborative. Sepsis was defined using operational elements documented in the health records based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, treatment, diagnostic tests, and sepsis screen, huddle, or order set use.

RESULTS

A total of 9604 sepsis episodes in PHOT patients from 49 hospitals were analyzed: 70.5% were identified in the emergency department (ED), 10.9% in inpatient settings less than or equal to 12 hours from admission, and 18.6% were hospital onset. Only 52.5% of patients with hospital-onset sepsis were identified using a sepsis recognition method compared with 87.2% in the ED (P < .001). The overall 30-day SA mortality was 2.2%, with a higher rate (6.9%) among those with hospital-onset sepsis compared with those who developed sepsis at presentation or less than or equal to 12 hours (1.1%, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the difference in SA mortality between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients may be impacted by nonmeasurable confounders inherent to the type of patients presenting in the different care settings, we reported system-based improvements that may reduce mortality. The 30-day SA mortality was lower in hospitalized PHOT patients when sepsis was detected by early recognition methods, supporting the need for efforts to implement sepsis recognition tools in the inpatient setting.
Human-Centered Design to Create an Emergency Care Action Plan for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Pulcini Christian D. , Broder-Fingert Sarabeth , Callas Peter , Dayan Peter S. , Drath Brittany , Gravel-Pucillo Callan , Kuo Dennis Z. , Lamberson Miles , Mistry Rakesh D. , Palaza Abigail , Stevens Martha , Yeager Jan , Stapleton Renee D.
Published: February 2025

Human-centered design (HCD) is rooted in building trust with end users by developing empathetic understanding of key partners’ needs, continuous engagement, and iterative solution creation and refinement. One of the core tenets of HCD in health care is that consistent end-user engagement will result in better health outcomes. Children with medical complexity (CMC), a subset of children and youth with special health care needs, are characterized by multiple chronic health care conditions and high health care use, including emergency department visits. To address the known challenges with providing high-quality care for CMC in emergency settings, emergency information forms are currently recommended to provide insights into existing health complexities at the point of care. However, these forms have faced significant implementation challenges that lead to limited stakeholder buy-in and lack of incorporation into current emergency care workflows. We present HCD as a strategy to aid in the creation and optimization of an emergency care action plan (ECAP) for CMC. The objectives of this communication are, therefore, as follows: (1) to demonstrate HCD as an accessible approach to delineate and address pediatric care challenges within a complex health care system and (2) to illustrate a commonly used HCD methodological approach to address implementation challenges of an emergency care planning tool through the creation of an ECAP for CMC.
Діяльність Одеського відділення імператорського технічного товариства з організації школи десятників будівельної справи (кінець ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.)
Authors: Добровольська В. А.
Published: February 2025

Статтю присвячено вивченню діяльності Одеського відділення Імператорського російського технічного товариства і його Постійної комісії з технічної освіти у вирішенні проблеми формування професійної освіти в регіоні, зокрема через створення школи десятників будівельної справи. Основним джерелом дослідження стали матеріали фондів Державного архіву Одеської області, опубліковані звіти Одеського відділення Імператор-ського російського технічного товариства. У результаті проведеного дослідження вдалося дійти висновків, що система професійної освіти в Російській імперії кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. формувалася за участі громадських товариств. Ключову роль у цьому процесі в При-чорноморському регіоні зіграло Одеське відділення Імператорського руського технічного товариства та його Постійна комісія з технічної освіти, в діяльності яких основна увага приділялася нижчій професійній освіті. Це диктувалося як запитами самого Одеського відділення Імператорського російського технічного товариства в умовах модернізації, так і його фінансовими можливостями. Школа десятників будівельної справи, створена Одеським відділенням Імператорського російського технічного товариства, орієнтувала-ся на підготовку робітничих кадрів, що володіли б сучасними компетенціями, і ставала важливою ланкою вирішення проблеми якості людського капіталу в умовах розгортання модернізаційних процесів.
Бібліотечні осередки Олександрівського повіту Катеринославської губернії: мережа, діяльність, постаті
Authors: Лучка Л. М.
Published: February 2025

На основі аналізу історичних матеріалів та архівних джерел досліджено особливості становлення та розвитку бібліотечної мережі Олександрівського повіту на Катеринославщині. Проаналізовано діяльність бібліотек різного підпорядкування за фондами, читацькою аудиторією та керівним складом. Дослідження пов’язане з історичною пам’яттю і присвячене історії, розвитку, діяльності бібліотек другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Вибір теми обумовлений сучасним станом в Україні, а саме російсько-українською війною. За період російської агресії зруйновано та знищено понад 700 бібліотек різного підпорядкування, деякі з них неможливо відбудувати. Кожна втрачена бібліотека мала свою цікаву історію, ретельно формувала фонди, активно обслуговувала читачів і тому заслуговує на збереження в історичній пам’яті об’єктів бібліотекознавства та цінних зразків книжкової спадщини. За допомогою хронологічного, порівняльно-історичного та системного методів відтворено цілісну картину формування та розвитку фондів, читацьких категорій та персоналу. Проаналізовано діяльність різних типів бібліотек та визначено їх внесок у розвиток губернської бібліотечної мережі. Висвітлено різнобічну діяльність культурно-освітніх осередків у процесах комплектування багатопрофільних фондів навчальною і науковою літературою. З’ясовано тенденції та особливості бібліотечної справи повіту щодо обслуговування різних читацьких груп та формування читацьких інтересів. Розглянуто внесок педагогічних діячів повіту у розвиток народних бібліотек.
Внесок товариств плодівництва в науково-практичне забезпечення сільського господарства України (кінець ХІХ – початок ХХ ст)
Authors: Демуз І. О. , Чалаван В. А.
Published: February 2025

Мета статті: проаналізувати діяльність товариств плодівництва в Україні в кін- ці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. задля з’ясування їхнього внеску в забезпечення науково-практичних потреб тогочасного сільського господарства. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в узагальненні віднайденої інформації про українські відділи Імператорського Російського товариства плодівництва, окреслення основних напрямів їхньої діяльності на основі тогочасної періодики та звітів осередків. Встановлено, що саме в Південно-Західному краї (Київській, Волинській, Подільській губерніях), Таврійській (охоплювала увесь Кримський півострів та частину Степової України – Бердянський, Дніпровський і Мелітопольський повіти) та Бессарабській губерніях (до якої входила, окрім території Молдови, й частина сучасних Чернівецької та Одеської областей), – до кінця ХІХ ст. вирощено найбільшу кількість плодів, тому галузь плодівництва вимагала вирішення низки науково-організаційних заходів – системної підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців, організації збуту продукції, поширення інформації про раціональні методи технічної переробки плодів, налагодження процесів боротьби зі шкідниками садів тощо, – до вирішення яких, окрім уряду і земств, долучалися й галузеві товариства. Простежено внесок Київського, Катеринославського, Волинського, Хотинського, Молочанського, Карасубазарського й Судацького відділів Імператорського Російського товариства пло- дівництва у розвиток галузі. З’ясовано, що головними напрямами їхньої діяльності були: 1) виставково-презентаційний, що сприяв популяризації нових сортів і раціональних методів ведення плодівництва серед господарів у різних регіонах країни; 2) науково-дослідний, який полягав у проведенні помологічних досліджень; 3) вирішення практичних потреб плодівництва регіону шляхом облаштування постійно діючих установ – складів садових інструментів та інвентарю, розплідників із сортиментом промислових плодів, зразкових садів, книгозбірень, курсів і галузевих нижчих навчальних закладів; 4) надання консуль- тацій місцевому населенню з різних питань садівництва та плодівництва; 5) боротьба зі шкідниками садів; 6) збір статистичних даних про становище місцевого садівництва та плодівництва та складання порайонного промислового сортименту плодів; 7) допомога населенню в організації раціонального збуту продукції плодівництва.
Провідна роль жінок у розвитку музейної справи Миколаєва в другій половині двадцятого століття
Authors: Рижева Н. О. , Сугацька Н. В.
Published: February 2025

На прикладі одного з найстаріших миколаївських музеїв – обласного художнього музею ім. В. В. Верещагіна, – проаналізовано процеси організаційних змін і трансфор- маційних перетворень, що стали знаковими та сформували сучасні засади його роботи. Мета статті – розкрити роль наукових співробітниць обласного художнього музею ім. В. В. Верещагіна для збереження, накопичення та популяризації музейної колекції як специфічної пам’ятки матеріальної історико-культурної спадщини України. Предметом дослідження стали форми та напрямки роботи директорок обласного музею в контексті обґрунтування пріоритетних завдань та визначення колективом шляхів їхньої практичної реалізації. Наявний акцент сприяв найбільш комплексному заглибленню в тематичну площину та дав змогу визнати відданість колежанок музейній справі. Встановлено, що комплексне збільшення експозиції музею стало результатом продуманої наукової та ор- ганізаційної роботи, проводили активну експозиційно-виставкову, екскурсійну роботу, запроваджували нові, для того часу, масмедійні форми реклами. Водночас із цілеспрямо- ваним і систематичним збиранням предметів музейного значення, колежанки вели значну культурно-просвітницьку роботу. На основі порівняння статистичних даних, доведено безперервне збільшення кількості відвідувачів музею, проведення лекцій, виставок та заходів культурно-громадського значення. Визначена проблематика, на жаль, не набула в сучасній історіографічній площині належної уваги як на загальнодержавному, так і на регіональному рівні. У вітчизняній історіографії наявна певна лакуна щодо комплексного аналізу гендерного компоненту як вагомого фактору в забезпеченні становлення та розвит- ку всіх форм музейної роботи в Україні. Матеріали, наведені в статті, на прикладі лише одного музею доводять перспективність обраної тематики та можливість її виокремлення як напрямку наукового дослідження.
Колегія Павла Галагана в мемуаристці Андроника Степовича
Authors: Будзар М. М. , Терещенко Т. В.
Published: February 2025

Автори статті досліджують мемуарну спадщину філолога-славіста й педагога Андроника Степовича (1857–1935), присвячену історії Колегії Павла Ґалаґана в Києві. Метою розвідки є порівняльний аналіз кількох спогадів А. Степовича, об’єднаних темою Колегії в реаліях суспільно-політичного життя Києва доби юності автора – 70‑х рр. XIX ст. Наукова новизна публікації полягає в комплексній характеристиці джерел, ще оста- точно не запроваджених у науковий обіг. Для історико-контекстуального аналізу спогадів використано споріднені з ними за проблематикою документи з Ґалаґанівського архіву. Джерела опрацьовано з використанням методу проблемної хронологізації та компаратив- ного підходу. Спогади розглянуто відповідно до двох періодів діяльності А. Степовича з вивчення історії навчального закладу та біографії його засновника – Григорія Ґалаґана – 1890‑ті – 1900‑ті та 1920‑ті рр.. Текстуально проаналізовано два тексти – фрагментований опис подій останнього року навчання А. Степовича в Колегії та мемуарний нарис «З пер- ших років Колегії Павла Ґалаґана». Спогади містять факти, що ілюструють виклики, які постали перед навчальним закладом у перші роки його існування. Ці тексти, за сюжетами й проблематикою, автори порівнюють із іншими мемуарними нотатками А. Степовича, створеними впродовж 1920‑х рр. Аналізованими текстами є: «Зі спогадів про “Стару громаду”» й «З студентських настроїв 70‑х років». Зроблено висновок щодо концептуаль- ного сенсу спогадів А. Степовича. Тексти створюють позитивний образ закладу та його фундаторів і попечителів – Григорія та Катерини Ґалаґанів. Вони також свідчать про те, що, в інтелектуальній та ідеологічній ситуації 1920‑х рр., А. Степович прагнув включити спадщину колегії до національного наративу.
Estimation of the Vertical Diffusion Coefficient of Gas in Compacted Soils by Means of Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Tarasenko Elena Olegovna
Published: February 2025

The density properties of subsiding loess soils were studied within the framework of mathematical modeling of their compaction using the method of deep explosions. Soil compaction is carried out to eliminate subsidence properties. Loess soils are characterized by low density and high porosity. The density properties of loess depend on the parameters of the diffusion interaction of gas atoms formed as a result of the explosion and the soil being compacted. Solving inverse applied problems that arise when studying mathematical models of geological systems allows us to systematize knowledge about them. The work considers the inverse problem of estimating the diffusion coefficient. Mathematical modeling of the vertical diffusion coefficient in anisotropic and isotropic geological systems was carried out. The case of complete absorption of gas atoms by the surrounding soil has been studied. A numerical assessment of the coefficient of vertical diffusion in soil before and after compaction has been implemented, over time and with an accuracy sufficient for engineering calculations. Gas diffusion coefficients in soils of various densities were obtained. The constructed mathematical relationships for estimating the coefficient of vertical diffusion make it possible to predict the density properties of soils at the stage of designing the foundations of construction projects.
Runtime Environment for Conducting Methodical Applied Tests to Numerically Investigate of HPC Systems Parameters
Authors: Ignatyev Alexey Olegovich , Mokshin Sergey Yurievich
Published: February 2025

An integral part of the process of creating high-performance computing systems designed to solve problems of numerical modeling of various physical processes is to check their compliance with the characteristics stated during their design. The article discusses a script-based runtime environment developed by the authors for using methodical applied tests to numerically investigate parameters of high-performance computing systems. This environment enables efficient analysis of the results of applying tests and provides an assessment of the performance and reliability of high-performance computing systems.
A review of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Authors: Frigati Lisa Jane , Rabie Helena , Barnabas Shaun Lawrence
Published: February 2025

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus that has a significant impact on the health of children in Africa and globally. It can be acquired antenatally in utero (cCMV) or postnatally (pCMV) via breastmilk, genital secretions, or blood products. CMV can also be transmitted via solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Clinical presentation of CMV varies based on the age and immune status, with children living with HIV exhibiting significant complications from co-infection. Most children with cCMV are asymptomatic but may develop deafness and neurodevelopmental delay later in childhood. pCMV in preterm or low birth weight babies may lead to pneumonitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, or a severe sepsis-like syndrome.
Ganciclovir and valganciclovir, its oral prodrug, are the only anti CMV drugs available in most African countries though their use is not widespread. New drugs and vaccines are being developed to improve treatment options and prevent the transmission of CMV. Strategies to manage cCMV include the use of longer durations of ganciclovir as a treatment option to prevent deafness.
AIDS cholangiopathy: A case report and review of relevant literature
Authors: Mvalo Tisungane
Published: February 2025

AIDS cholangiopathy is a syndrome that occurs in HIV/AIDS with advanced immunosuppression. It is characterized by obstruction of the biliary tree by opportunistic infection and may have complications including hepatic failure. Patients with this condition may have increased risk of poor outcome from opportunistic infection. Antiretroviral therapy is key to preventing this condition. Due to the paucity of literature on childhood AIDS cholangiopathy with the advent of antiretroviral therapy,  a case of AIDS cholangiopathy is described and relevant literature is reviewed.
A review of septic arthritis in children
Authors: RC Krause R C , Frigati Lisa Jane , Rabie Helena
Published: February 2025

Septic arthritis is a bacterial joint infection which most commonly occurs in children younger than five years of age. Diagnosing septic arthritis in children can be challenging as signs and symptoms can be non-specific. An accurate history, physical exam, laboratory investigations and imaging can contribute to the timely diagnosis of septic arthritis and limit chronic morbidity of joint dysfunction. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, special investigations, and management of septic arthritis in children.
Update on acute bacterial meningitis in children
Authors: Hammond Margaret , Hammond Charles K
Published: February 2025

Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection of the membranes lining the brain. The causative organisms vary according to age and immune status and include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Neisseria meningitidis is the primary cause of meningitis epidemics and historically has been the main cause of bacterial meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt (AMB). Antibiotic treatment including duration of therapy depends on the causative organism. The recent introduction of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine directed against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis in childhood immunisation programmes in the AMB has been remarkably successful dramatically reducing the incidence of serogroup A meningitis.
Organisation and implementation of a hospital infection prevention and control protocol
Authors: Akujobi C N , Aghanya I N , Ushie S N , Akujobi T A
Published: February 2025

There has been a global rise in antimicrobial resistance and threats from epidemics and pandemics. These threats and the difficulties experienced while managing them have led to a global plan to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, especially in the developing world, thus making them more effective. International health regulations have considered running an effective IPC programme as a critical strategy for dealing with public health threats of international concern. This review aims to survey IPC implementation practices through the global core components of IPC programmes, including monitoring, and then relate them to the practice in a hospital setting of a developing country. Global best practices on IPC from international health organizations were extracted and summarised. This information was then compared to the real-time situation in a developing country's hospital. An effective hospital IPC program is necessary to curb the devastating consequences of uncontrolled pandemics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital in Nnwei, a hospital likened to that of other hospitals in developing countries, has yet to implement the core components of an organized IPC programme fully, and is thus at high risk of an outbreak.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adolescents attending the Korle Bu teaching Hospital
Authors: Dame Joycelyn Assimeng , Renner Lorna , Goka Bamenla
Published: February 2025

Background: As a result of increased access to antiretroviral therapy, children with perinatal infections are surviving into adolescence. However, challenges during adolescence may result in poor adherence to treatment. Studies documenting poor adherence in adolescents have revealed that factors such as older adolescents, lack of HIV disclosure, and forgetfulness are some leading causes of non-adherence. Adherence is a key determinant in minimising the emergence of HIV drug resistance.
Aim: To determine the adherence rate to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents attending a tertiary hospital and the factors associated with adherence.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done amongst adolescents (10-19 years) with HIV infection at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. The data was collected by face-to-face structured interviews and a medical record review. The tool used to determine adherence was the 3-day self-recall tool. The percentage of medication doses taken (≥95%) was used to define adherence, which translated as not missing any dose in the 3 days prior to the study interview. The predictors of adherence were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: There were 210 adolescents enrolled, mostly younger adolescents (10-14years); 71.8%, and a slightly high male population of 52.4%. The adherence rate was 50.0%. Taking medication at the same time daily and having other people taking antiretroviral therapy in the same house were predictors of adherence.
Conclusion: There was a low adherence rate of 50.0% among the adolescents. Interventions toward improving adherence among adolescents in this setting are needed. Taking antiretroviral therapy at the same time daily and having others in the home who take antiretroviral therapy can help to improve their adherence.
case of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae infective endocarditis in a nine-year old child
Authors: Bockarie Yemah , Tootla Hafsah Deepa , Comitis George , Eley Brian
Published: February 2025

Invasive non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections are uncommon but increasingly being recognised as causing significant morbidity and mortality. They are non-vaccine preventable and may occur sporadically or within the context of outbreaks. Clinicians need to be aware of their potentially devastating consequences. There are limited reports from sub-Saharan Africa. We, therefore, describe a paediatric case of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae infective endocarditis highlighting aspects relevant to infectious disease management.
Reasoning about Decidability of Strategic Logics with Imperfect Information and Perfect Recall Strategies
Authors: Catta Davide , Ferrando Angelo , Malvone Vadim
Published: February 2025

In logics for strategic reasoning the main challenge is represented by their verification in contexts of imperfect information and perfect recall strategies. In this work, we show the combination of two techniques to approximate the verification of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL∗ ) under imperfect information and perfect recall, which is known to be undecidable. Given a model M and a formula φ, we propose a verification procedure that generates sub-models of M in which each sub-model M′ satisfies a sub-formula φ′ of φ and the verification of φ′ in M′ is decidable. Then, we use CTL∗ model checking to provide a verification result of φ on M. In case the previous step does not give a final result, we exploit a runtime verification mechanism to provide some intermediate result. We prove that our procedure is sound and in the same complexity class of ATL∗ model checking under perfect information and perfect recall. Moreover, we present a tool that uses our procedure and provide experimental results.
Effects of Whole-Body Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation on Bone Marrow Death in Mice and an Examination of Candidates for Protectors or Mitigators against Carbon-Ion-Beam-Induced Bone Marrow Death
Authors: Ueno Megumi , Setoguchi Shuichi , Matsunaga Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Ken-ichiro , Takata Jiro , Anzai Kazunori
Published: February 2025

The present study examined the effects of whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation on bone marrow death in mice and investigated whether compounds/materials, which were identified as efficient radio-protectors or mitigators against X-ray-radiation-induced bone marrow death, were also effective against the carbon-ion-beam-induced death of mice. Amifostine and cysteamine were used as radio-protectors and zinc-containing heat-killed yeast (Zn-yeast) and γ-tocopherol-N,N-dimethylglycine ester (γTDMG) as radio-mitigators. Amifostine or cysteamine was intraperitoneally administered in a single injection of 1.95 mmol/kg body weight 30 min before whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation. Zn-yeast or γTDMG was administered in a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg body weight immediately after whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation. The absorbed dose dependence of the 30-day survival rate after carbon-ion-beam irradiation was analyzed. The biological effectiveness of carbon-ion-beam irradiation (LD50/30 = 5.54 Gy) was estimated as 1.2 relative to X-ray irradiation (LD50/30 = 6.62 Gy). The dose reduction factors (DRF) of amifostine, cysteamine, Zn-yeast, and γTDMG estimated for carbon-ion-beam irradiation were 1.75, 1.53, 1.16, and 1.15, respectively. Radio-protectors and -mitigators that were effective against photon irradiation also exhibited efficacy against carbon-ion-beam irradiation; however, the DRF for carbon-ion-beam irradiation was slightly smaller than that for photon irradiation. Based on the radio-protective effects of amifostine and cysteamine, the contribution of ROS/free radicals to carbon-ion-beam-induced bone marrow death was 70–90% to that of photon irradiation. Since the suppression of tumor growth by carbon-ion-beam irradiation was not inhibited by the treatment with γTDMG or Zn-yeast, both mitigators have potential as normal tissue-selective protectors in carbon-ion irradiation.
Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease
Authors: Nurkhametova A.A. , Imaev T.E. , Ageev F.T. , Komlev A.E. , Lepilin P.M. , Kolegaev A.S. , Uskach T.M. , Akchurin R.S.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe coronary artery (CA) lesions without prior myocardial revascularization. Material and methods. A retrospective study included 270 patients who underwent TIA in 2016-2021. In some patients (n=200, group 1), TAVI was performed after preliminary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in other cases (n=70, group 2) — without prior PCI. Propensity score matching was performed. Finally, we distinguished 2 groups by 68 patients. These groups were comparable regarding clinical and demographic parameters. In-hospital and long-term results were studied. The median follow-up was 40 months. Results. In-hospital mortality was low in both groups (1.5% and 0%, p=1.0). The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial injury was comparable. Any in-hospital bleeding (19% vs 2%; OR=15.8, 95% CI 2.0-124.9, p=0.001) and bleeding requiring blood transfusion (12% vs 0%; OR =17.0; 95% CI 0.96-300.4, p=0.006) were more common in the 1st group. In long-term period, the incidence of persistent angina pectoris (22% and 19%, p=0.645), MI (5% and 4%, p=0.723) and mortality rate (14% and 15%, p=0.845) were comparable. Significant differences were obtained regarding postoperative bleeding BARC grade ≥2 (16% vs. 4%; OR=12.2; 95% CI 1.5-97.9, p=0.001). Conclusion. Routine PCI before TAVI does not reduce the risk of perioperative cardiac ischemic complications and increases the risk of bleeding both at the in-hospital stage and in long-term period. In case of severe CA lesions, TAVI can be performed without prior PCI.
Cryoablation of intercostal nerves under intraoperative electromyography during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a pilot study
Authors: Charchyan E.R. , Malgin G.A. , Russkin V.O. , Breshenkov D.G. , Mametov A.U. , Stepanenko A.B. , Sandrikov V.A. , Belov Yu.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To describe original technique of intercostal nerve cryoablation under trigger electromyographic control in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic repair through thoracophrenolumbotomy for prevention of postoperative pain syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 24 patients with thoracic, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and megaaorta. All patients underwent open surgical procedures involving intercostal nerve cryoablation under electromyography. After weaning from ventilator and throughout the first 10 days, as well as at discharge, we surveyed patients regarding pain syndrome. Pain in the thoracophrenolumbotomy area was assessed 3 times daily using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11). Consumption of opioid and non-opioid analgesics was recorded. We estimated daily intake of opioid analgesics for each patient and converted into morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Complications and adverse events were documented. Follow-up interviews were conducted after 1 and 3 months to assess analgesic consumption, pain, side effects and persistence of cryoanalgesia effects. Results. In total, 156 intercostal nerves were scheduled for cryoablation throughout 58 sessions (mean 6.5 nerves per a patient). Mean time necessary for complete and simultaneous cessation of compound action potentials in 3 intercostal nerves at temperatures –130 —140 °C was 42.6±10.1 sec. On the first postoperative day, NRS-11 score was 4.65±1.87, MME — 11.8. These values decreased over time (NRS score 2.4±1.8 and MME 4.6 after 4 days, NRS score 1.2±0.95 and MME 1 after 8 days). No mortality, paraplegia or cryoablation-related adverse effects were observed. Intercostal nerves were successfully localized in 100% of cases using trigger electromyography with complete disappearance of action potentials in all cases. ICU-stay was 2.4 [1.6; 3.4] days, postoperative hospital-stay — 12 [8.5; 14.5] days. Cryoanalgesia effect persisted for several postoperative months without exteroceptive sensitivity in dermatomes corresponding to ablated nerves. No additional postoperative analgesia was required in any patient one month postoperatively. Conclusion. Electromyography-guided intercostal nerve cryoablation is a safe and reproducible technique that can be recommended as an adjunct to systemic analgesia following thoracic, thoracoabdominal and total aortic repair. Original technique of ablation allows for optimization of the procedure and delivers effective analgesic effect.
Gastric tumors with GLI1 gene alterations (plexiform fibromyxoma and gastroblastoma). Case report and literature review
Authors: Sidorov I.V. , Sharlai A.S. , Konovalov D.M.
Published: February 2025

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PFM) and gastroblastoma (GB) are rare gastric tumors with a specific MALAT1::GLI1 rearrangement, included in the conditional spectrum of neoplasms with alterations of the GLI1 gene. The article presents a clinical case of PFM in a 6-year-old girl and a literature review highlighting current data on the morphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of PFM and GB. Despite the common genetic anomaly, differences in the morphology and clinical course of these tumors indicate the need for further research to clarify their relationship and potential reclassification in the light of new data on tumors with GLI1 gene abnormalities. Integrating the accumulated knowledge about tumors with GLI1 gene alterations into diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic approaches will help improve the treatment outcomes of patients with these rare neoplasms.
Challenges of Administering General and Spinal Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Changes in Hernia Repair Patients
Authors: Haider Ahmed Jalab Salem Al-Khikani
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Choosing an anesthetic that presents the least danger to the patient’s life continues to be the top priority for the Anesthesia and Critical Care Department personnel when it comes to techniques, medications, tactics, and recommendations for choosing the optimal anesthesia. The most popular and efficient kind of anesthetic for those who repair hernias is spinal anesthesia.
Subjects and methods: an accurate and up-to-date study of the patients. Based on the types of spinal and general anesthesia, we divided the 100 patients who had herniotomy into two groups: 50 patients received spinal anesthesia, while the remaining 50 patients received general anesthetic. The patient’s age, weight, pulse rate, and blood pressure change were all analyzed. The study divided patients between the ages of 20 and 90 into two groups: General Anesthesia (GA) and Spinal Anesthesia (SA) in order to do thorough follow-ups; before, during, and after operations.
Results: We demonstrate that it is also more stable in SA, which is around 56%, compared to GA, which is roughly 40%. However, blood pressure is higher in GA, which was 32%, and in SA, which was 24%, and lower in GA, which was 28%, and in SA, it was 20%. As demonstrated in this study, the heart rate is more stable in SA (56%) compared to GA (32%), and it increases in SA (34%), while it increases in GA (60%). The impact of (SA) is more consistent, and the heart rate dropped by 10% in (SA) and around 8% in (GA).
Conclusion: We found that spinal anesthesia was better than general anesthesia at preserving blood pressure stability and a minimum or normal heart rate.
Uneven Pathways to Local Power: The Political Incorporation of Immigrants’ Descendants
Authors: Stünzi Robin , Fibbi Rosita , D'Amato Gianni
Published: February 2025

Research focusing on the political incorporation of immigrants’ descendants is rather scarce, in contrast to the high level of scholarly attention paid to the case of foreign-born immigrants. This exploratory study addresses this gap by adopting a sociological and neo-institutionalist approach to investigate the trajectories leading to political involvement of children of immigrants elected to local parliaments across a selection of Swiss cantons. The analysis of the factors shaping their mobilization in relation to the features of local policies for immigrants’ integration and cantonal conceptions of citizenship sheds light on the variability of their political incorporation. The article thus makes a twofold contribution to the existing literature. First, it highlights the distinctive role played by local schools in the political socialization of immigrants’ descendants, compared to that of their Swiss-origin counterparts. Second, it shows the decisive impact of cantonal institutional and discursive contexts in shaping the categories that are relevant for political action, influencing collective identities, claim-making, and political mobilization.
PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF SYMPLECTIC MATRIX
Authors: AROUNA Traoré G. Y. , KAMBIRE Famane , EKRA Sylvestre P.
Published: February 2025

Starting a theory of perturbation introduced by Arouna et al. [1], perturbations preserving the -symplecticity structure of a symplectic matrix are presented. Results on the consequences of the effect of a rank- perturbation on the strong stability of this type of matrix are proposed. Two numerical examples are given to analyze the effect of these perturbations on the strong stability and spectrum of symplectic matrices.
Possibilities of femoral head reduction osteotomy in case of gross deformation of the epiphysis and discongruence of articular surfaces in children with Perthes disease
Authors: Bortulev Pavel , Baskaeva Tamila V. , Poznovich Makhmud S. , Barsukov Dmitry B. , Pozdnikin Ivan Y. , Rustamov Arslan
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The lack of adequate treatment of children with Perthes' disease leads to the formation of gross deformation of the head with discongruence of the articular surfaces, followed by the development of femoroacetabular impingement and early coxarthrosis. Femoral head reduction osteotomy (FHRO) is currently most effective in this category of patients. However, the results of its implementation in the literature are highlighted in isolated publications with a “case-control” design and a small number of patients..
Purpose - based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of children with severe deformity of the femoral head with Perthes disease, to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of performing FHRO, as well as the dynamics of further development of the hip joint.
Matherials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of the results of clinical and radiological methods of examination of 20 patients (20 hip joints) aged 8 to 12 years with severe deformation of the femoral head and discongruence of articular surfaces in Perthes disease. FHRO was performed in all patients.
Results. Radical reconstruction of the proximal femur has led to a significant improvement in the shape of the proximal femur with improved sphericity of the head and restoration of congruence. At the same time, during the follow-up period from 6 to 12 months in patients with initially, though not pronounced, progressive deformations of the lateral edge of the acetabulum, there was a decrease in the intraoperatively achieved values of the Wiberg angle, an increase in the percentage of femoral head extrusion from the acetabulum, as well as a violation of the continuity of the Shenton line of varying severity.
Conslusion. Performing FHRO with the observance of correct surgical technique is a safe and effective reconstructive technique for the treatment of children with severe saddle-shaped deformity of the femoral head and discongruence of the hip joint. In patients with Tönnis and Sharp angles exceeding the upper limit of the average physiological norm, due to the formation of secondary subluxation, it is advisable to simultaneously perform FHRO and triple/periacetabular pelvic osteotomy.
Detection of 2-FAL and moisture in transformer oil using an interdigital capacitive sensor for on-site transformer condition monitoring
Authors: Parveen Shaheen , Rahman Obaidur , Mehfuz Shabana , Khan Shakeb A , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi
Published: February 2025

The insulation system of transformers degrades over time due to harsh environmental and operational conditions, thus reducing their designated useful life. In oil, insulation degradation compounds are released due to transformer insulation degradation. An oil-immersed transformer can
be assessed based on the concentration of these compounds in the oil. Transformer paper insulation conditions can be assessed by the level of 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL) and moisture in the oil. The dielectric constant of 2-FAL and moisture is very high in comparison to that of fresh oil, making
capacitive sensor-based detection of these compounds in oil a promising and economical option. This paper investigates the feasibility of a simple interdigital transducer (IDT) fringing field capacitive sensor in the measurement of the concentration of 2-FAL and humidity in transformer oil.
Firstly, an interdigital capacitive (IDC) sensor is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software to design and analyse a 1-r-1 IDC sensor where polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are used as sensing materials. Moreover, three different arrangements of electrode structures,
which have been designed, are investigated: single-sided (SS), single-sided with shielding (SSWS) and double-sided (DS). Furthermore, the IDC sensors are fabricated and characterised. The fabricated sensor is tested and characterised using oil samples with different concentrations of humidity
and 2-FAL (in the 0-60 ppm range). The sensor exhibits the maximum sensitivity for a double-sided 1-1-1 configuration. In the 0-60 ppm range, the sensor exhibits approximately linear response characteristics and very small characteristics drift. The sensor facilitates real-time on-site condition
monitoring of in-service transformers and circumvents all the issues of offline monitoring.
Removing Reddening to Enhance Gaia's XP Spectra Clustering
Authors: Pallas-Quintela Lara , Regueiro Ángel , Dafonte Carlos , Manteiga Minia , Santoveña Raúl , Garabato Daniel
Published: February 2025

Reddening, or extinction, distorts stellar spectra due to dust between the source and the observer, in this case, the Gaia satellite. It shifts energy from the blue to the red part of a spectrum, potentially confusing hot, reddened stars with cooler ones, since the cooler the star, the higher the SED at the red part. Gaia currently provides 2D extinction values, which can lead to errors for nearby stars, where a 3D model would be ideal. Our research group clusters Gaia sources using SOM maps, taking into account only their XP spectra. To improve our results, we are developing AI methods to remove extinction using denoising autoencoders and disentangling techniques trained on spectra with similar astrophysical parameters but different extinction levels.
Intelligent Modeling of a Solar Photovoltaic System Located in a Bioclimatic Home
Authors: Díaz-Labrador Anabel , Michelena Álvaro , Quintián Héctor , Calvo-Rolle José-Luis
Published: February 2025

The use of renewable energy is expanding globally, driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. This study focuses on modelling the electrical power generated by photovoltaic panels in a bioclimatic home, analyzing the performance of linear regression and multilayer perceptron models, while considering atmospheric factors such as solar radiation and ambient temperature. The process includes a correlation analysis to select the most relevant variables, followed by dataset preprocessing techniques. Finally, performance metrics of the models are evaluated, which indicate a strong correlation between solar radiation and the power generated, resulting in robust regression models.
Effectiveness of Cybersecurity Awareness Program Based on Mobile Learning to Improve Cyber Hygiene
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia, Eliza Fivia
Published: February 2025

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of a Mobile Learning-based cybersecurity awareness program in improving cyber hygiene practices among accounting and finance students. This is a research and development conducted using the 4D model approach (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). This research involved three research experts in mobile learning and cybersecurity, with 68 participants being accounting and finance students. Instruments used include validity questionnaires, cybersecurity awareness tests, and cyber hygiene practices questionnaires. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques. Consequently, the Mobile learning cybersecurity program proved valid based on expert assessments. The test results revealed a significant improvement in cybersecurity awareness and practices following the program’s implementation. The effectiveness test results show that the Mobile Learning-based cybersecurity awareness program improves cybersecurity practices. This study addresses the growing demand for cybersecurity awareness in sectors vulnerable to cyber-attacks, particularly accounting and finance. By leveraging interactive and flexible mobile learning features, this program overcomes limitations found in previous approaches, providing an innovative solution for enhancing cybersecurity practices. However, the study is limited by its short-term scope, and Future research should not only focus on long-term assessments but also explore the program’s applicability across different educational disciplines.
Development and Evaluation of the Bvee Kit for Teaching Circle Topics: A Validity and Usability Study in Form 2 Mathematics
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Shaharudin Shazlyn Milleana
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, the success of a country depends on ideas and the ability to build a scientific and innovative society. Essentially, the enhancement of teaching aids is as important as the development and innovation in the education field. Therefore, this study aims to build a Bvee Kit for Form 2 mathematics circle topics that exhibits satisfactory validity and usability. Through the combination of the first letter of the circle and the researcher’s nickname, the name Kit Bvee was born. This study uses a Developmental Research Design (DRD) involving the use of the ADDIE instruction model. The instrument used is a validity questionnaire instrument evaluated by 4 experts consisting of lecturers and mathematics teachers with experience in the mathematics field for more than five years, as well as a usability questionnaire instrument using a four-point Likert scale. The sample for the usability of the kit consists of 81 UPSIBatchA202 mathematics trainee teachers. The analyzed data used is the Content Validity Index (CVI) to assess validity, reliability using Cronbach’s alpha value, and usability analyzed using SPSS Version 29 software in a descriptive analysis to obtain the mean value and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed a kit validity with an average CVI value of 1.00, an acceptable reliability value of 0.914, and a high level of usability based on a value mean of 3.773 and a standard deviation of 0.3753. This shows that the developed Bvee Kit has a satisfactory level of validity and usability. In conclusion, this study is able to help students to remember the various parts and properties of a circle in an easier way.