bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) BERBANTUAN APLIKASI CASTLE MATH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Lumban Siantar Lasmi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Siswa berbantuan aplikasi castle math dengan penerapan model Problem Based Learning pada materi kubus dan balok kelas VIII. Manfaat pada penelitian ini ialah untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan serta sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran matematika. Metode penelitian ini, menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. ProsedurÂ  penelitian berbentuk siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan tes. Pengumpulan data ini menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar pengamatan observasi siswa dan kinerja guru dalam proses pembelajaran, sedangkan untuk mengetahui kemampuan komunikasi siswa digunakan lembar evaluasi/tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran problem based learning berbantuan aplikasi castle math dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi kubus dan balok. Dari nilai rata-rata kemampuan awal 65,10 dan nilai rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematika pada siklus I, 66,53 dan rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematika pada siklus II, 75,21 serta nilai rata â€“ rata aktivitas guru dan siswa pada siklus I 72,7% dan 76,3% dan siklus II ialah 76,3% dan 78,1%
ERRORS MADE BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 31 MEDAN IN WRITING ENGLISH COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Waruwu Idam Putriyani , Sembiring Novalina , Pangaribuan Jontra Jusat
Published: October 2021

Writing English composition is more complicated than Indonesian compositions. Therefore, students often make errors in writing English compositions. This study aims at finding out the errors made by the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 31 Medan in writing English composition and to find out the causes of those errors. The population of this study is the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 31 Medan in Academic Year 2017/2018. The sample is class VIII-A with 30 students. The instrument for collecting data were the studentsâ€™ English compositions and the questionnaires. The result from the studentsâ€™ English compositions showed that third singular verb in morphological errors is the highest error made by the students (55,10%), followed by errors in definite article (20,40%), errors in Possesive Case (12,24%), errors in Comparative Adjective or Adverb (12,24%); the errors of syntactical errors in Verb or Verb Phrase (50%), Errors in Noun or Noun Phrase (25%) and Errors in Word order (25%). It means that the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 31 Medan are poor in writing English compositions. While the result of the questionnaires showed that there are several reasons that cause students error. The three highest reasons are the students do not have a sufficcient vocabulary, students do not comprehend how to use the third singular verbs, article and possesive and the English teacher never asked the students to write English compositions. Thus, the students are suggested to study and more about writing English compositions and to do exercises about it. The teacher should give more writing practice to the students.
TEACHING VOCABULARY BY USING SUBSTITUTION AND CUED RESPONSE DRILLS TECHNIQUE TO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 41 MEDAN
Authors: Situmorang Romasta , Raja Viator Lumban , Ginting Fiber Yun Almanda
Published: October 2021

In learning a language, the first thing people should learn is vocabulary. Vocabulary is one of the essential aspects of language.Â  Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.Â  In other words, vocabulary is the core of the language itself.Â  The aim of this study is to find out whether or not Substitution and Cued Response Drills Technique gives improvement on studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery.Â  The subject of the study is the students of Class VIII E of SMP Negeri 41 Medan in the Academic Year of 2017/2018.Â  Vocabulary test, questionnaire, observation sheet and field notes were used as the instruments for collecting data. The results of the study showed the improvement of the studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery.Â  It is proven by the studentsâ€™ mean score of each test: pre test is 45.37, formative test is 58.28 and post test is 70.12.Â  Moreover, the improvement could also be seen from the Minimum Mastery Criteria (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum) that showed the percentage of studentsâ€™ score of pre test is 9.37%, formative test is 31.25%, and post test is 56.25%.Â  It can be concluded that there is a progress on student score percentage namely 46.88% from pre-test to post-test based on KKM. Therefore, the application of Substitution and Cued Response Drills Technique is suitable to teach vocabulary to the students.
IMPROVING THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTSâ€™ COMPETENCE IN USING QUESTION TAGS THROUGH DISCUSSION METHOD AT SMP DELI MURNI MEDAN
Authors: Wea Yolenta , Lumban Raja Viator , Sembiring Novalina
Published: October 2021

This research is conducted in order to improve the eight grade studentsâ€™ competence in using question tag through Discussion Method at SMP Deli Murni Medan. It also helps the English teacher of the eight grade students of SMP Deli Murni Medan to manage learning and teaching activities in the classroom. In conducting this research, the writer used Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the method of research. Thisresearch consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of four steps, they were planning, action, observation and reflecting. The data were in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data analyzed the learning process. The quantitative data counted the studentsâ€™ score in pre-test and post-test. The result of this research shows that in teaching question tags through Discssion Method at the eight grade students of SMP Deli Murni Medan could improve their competence in using question tags. Moreever, the studentsâ€™ achievements in pre-test and post-test showed a significant improvement. The total score of quantitative data in pre-test was 1998 with the mean score 54, while the total score in formative test was 2630 with the mean score 71,08Â  and the total score of post-test was 3004 with the mean score 81,18. From the result, the writer concluded that Discussion Method could improve studentsâ€™ competence in using question tags.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STUDENTSâ€™ VOCABULARY MASTERY AND THEIR WRITING SKILL OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 KERAJAAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2020/2021
Authors: Limbong Anggraeni Etrika. U. , Lumban Raja Viator , Sari Anna Stasya Prima
Published: October 2021

Writing is one of the important skills in learningÂ  English that should be acquired by the students. And also it is one of the most difficult skills to the students to b acquired in the learning English. One of the reasons is the lack of studentsâ€™ in vocabulary mastery. That is why this research was conducted in order to find out the correlation between studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery and their writing skill at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Kerajaan in the Academic Year of 2020/2021 which is consist of four classes. The writer took 53 students as the sample of this research by whose students numbers are odd randomly. The instrument in collecting data is the test. The tests were used to collect the data of the studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery and their writing skill. The techniques which were used to analyze the data are normality test, Linear Regression Analysis Statistic and Pearson Product Moment by using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The result of hypothesis test showed that the coefficient of correlation is 0,638 at the significant level 0,5%. Since the rcount is higher than rtable (0,638>0,279) it means that Ho is rejected. It can be concludedthat there is a significant correlation between studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery and their writing skill at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Kerajaan in the Academic Year of 2020//2021.
Aktivitas Fisik dengan Intensitas yang Sering Dapat Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosional pada Remaja
Authors: Evi Tri Wahyuni
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Physical activity or sport is one way to achieve physical health. The activities carried out are beneficial not only physically but mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Teenagers have a large enough population emotional intelligence is very useful for negative energy that comes to teenagers. Methods: The method used is quantitative research using cross sectional design. With 67 respondents, the sampling technique used the Slovin formula. Using the Spearman Rank test statistical test. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Results: From the results of the research conducted there were 39 respondents (58.2%) who did heavy physical activity, 28 respondents (41.8%) who did light physical activity. Meanwhile, there were 38 respondents (56.7%) who had high emotional intelligence and 29 respondents (43.3%) had low emotional intelligence. From the results of the Spearman Rank statistical test conducted by the researcher, it was found that N = 67, with a correlation of 0.848 with a P value of 0.000. Discussion: The conclusion of this study is that it has a very strong meaning so that Ho is denied,, Ha is accepted, it’s means there is a connection between physical activity variables and emotional intelligence, and the direction of the relationship between the two variables is positive.
Toxicity Test for Yellow, Red, and Purple Flowers (Cestrum elegans) Leaves Using the Brine Shrime Lethality Test Method
Authors: Oktavia Anggraeni In , Mardiyah Mardiyah , Syarifah Anisa Lailatusy
Published: October 2021

Cestrum nocturnum with white flowers has potential as a medicine, so it is possible that yellow, red and purple flowering plants also have bioactivity. Toxicity tests on plants can increase research on new sources of ingredients for food additives, drugs, pesticides, etc., so as to find the prospective economic value of these plants and maintain plant biodiversity. The aims of this research were to determine the differences in the toxicity of terpasan leaves (Cestrum elegans) of yellow, red and purple flowers. Steps of this research were made the simplicial of terpasan leaves, phytochemical screening, and toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The yield of ethanol extract terpasan leaves with yellow, red and purple was 16.58%, 22.06% and 22.14%, respectively. The results of phytochemicals screening of three types terpasan leaves using the third tube method attached contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids and terpenoids. Based on the toxicity test with the BSLT method using a variation of 150; 200; 250; 300 and 350 ppm mortality percentages were 0.77%, 5.71%, 8.64%, 22.38% and 42.3%. The C50 of the red-pressed ethanol extract was 458.00 ppm, the LC50 of the purple-pressed ethanol extract was 180.127 ppm, the LC50 of the yellow-pressed ethanol extract is 30 – 200 ppm. Conclusion:Based on the LC50 value, the ethanolic extract of the yellow and red leaves has activity as a pesticide, because it has an LC50 value of 200 -1000ppm. The ethanolic extract of purple terpasan leaves has antimicrobial activity because it has an LC50 value of 30-200 ppm
The Effect of Wānanga-Based Learning in Supporting the Development of Teacher Agency in Computational Thinking
Authors: Petersen Jessica
Published: October 2021

As of 2020, all schools and kura in Aotearoa New Zealand were expected to teach digital technologies as part of the core curriculum. Our digital world is rapidly expanding and in order to be successful in this space, our rangatahi (youth) need to be capable of both using and creating digital tools. This project seeks to support secondary-school teachers of different subject-specialty areas to authentically integrate computational thinking concepts into their regular teaching practice. This was accomplished through a series of wānanga and exploration phases, with a focus on critically reflective practice and ako (reciprocal learning). Questionnaires and recording of kōrero (conversation) were used to understand changes in teacher confidence in the areas of understanding, lesson design, and ability to give feedback in relation to computational thinking principles. Results of this research have shown that using wānanga to support teachers to learn and apply computational thinking in their classrooms positively impacts their agency in developing high-quality lessons that are aligned with digital technologies curriculum. The findings from this project are intended to support other schools in Aotearoa New Zealand to develop their own frameworks of professional development in this area.
How Search Engines Handle Suicide Queries
Authors: Borge Olivia , Cosgrove Victoria , Cryst Elena , Grossman Shelby , Perkins Shelby , Van Meter Anna
Published: October 2021

The suicide contagion effect posits that exposure to suicide- related content increases the likelihood of an individual engaging in suicidal behavior. Internet suicide-related queries correlate with suicide prevalence. However, suicide-related searches also lead people to access help resources. This article systematically evaluates the results returned from both general suicide terms and terms related to specific suicide means across three popular search engines—Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo— in both English and Spanish. We find that Bing and DuckDuckGo surface harmful content more often than Google. We assess whether search engines show suicide prevention hotline information, and find that 53% of English queries have this information, compared to 13% of Spanish queries. Looking across platforms, 55% of Google queries include hotline information, compared to 35% for Bing and 10% for DuckDuckGo. Specific suicide means queries are 20% more likely to surface harmful results on Bing and DuckDuckGo compared to general suicide term queries, with no difference on Google.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 14, No. 11
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: October 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 14, No. 11, 2021
On the Gumbel-Burr XII Distribution: Regression and Application
Authors: Al-Aqtash Raid , Mallick Avishek , Hamedani G.G. , Aldeni Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

In this article, additional properties of the Gumbel-Burr XII distribution, denoted by (GBXII(L)), defined in (Osatohanmwen et al., 2017), are studied. We consider some useful characterizations for the GBXII(L) distribution and some of its properties. A simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the MLEs and the usefulness of the GBXII(L) distribution is illustrated by means of three real data sets. The simulation study suggests that the maximum likelihood method can be used to estimate the distribution parameters, and the three examples show that the GBXII(L) is very flexible in fitting different shapes of data. A log-GBXII(L) regression model is proposed and a survival data is used in an application of the proposed regression model. The log-GBXII(L) regression model is adequate and can be used in comparison to other models.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) Alters Galectin Gene Expression in Cows
Authors: Mulakala Bharath K. , Worku Mulumebet
Published: October 2021

Galectins (GAL) are β-galactoside binding proteins. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PMA on the regulation of galectin gene expression in bovine blood and neutrophils. Blood was collected from 3 clinically healthy Holstein cows. Neutrophils were isolated by differential centrifugation. Blood and neutrophils were treated with 10ng/ml of PMA or maintained in phosphate-buffered saline for 30 minutes at 370 C. Pooled total RNA were transcribed to cDNA for real-time PCR. Specific primers for bovine LGALS -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, -11, -12, and their binding proteins (bp) LGALS3bp, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) were used. Housekeeping genes RPLP0 and UCHL5 served as internal controls. Fold changes were calculated using the Livak method. Total protein concentration was assessed using the Bicinchoninic acid assay. Secretion of GAL -1, -2, -3, -4, -8, -9 was assessed using bovine GAL specific ELISA. All tested LGALS were detected. Activation with PMA differentially modulated expression and secretion of GAL in blood and neutrophils. Expression levels of LGALS -1 and LGALS -3 was not affected. Expression of LGALS -7, -8, -9, -11, -12, and TIM-3 was differentially modulated. The secretion of GAL -3 was significantly increased in response to PMA. The most pronounced effect of PMA was observed on LGALS-9, TIM-3 expression, and the secretion of GAL -3. Thus, GAL may serve as biomarkers of cell activation with functional consequences and warrant further study.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Tai Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2021.
Foot Macrodactyly Associated with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors: De Pellegrin Maurizio , Moharamzadeh Désirée , Placella Giacomo , Salini Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital malformation which may be associated with macrodactyly. The main problem is the need for custom-made shoes.
We describe the case of a female newborn affected by Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, with a larger and longer right foot; the difference increased progressively and, at 5 years of age, the right foot was 50% larger and 38% longer than the left one. Due to the progression of the deformity, reduction surgery was advised to reduce the foot’s width. Resection of the second ray and 2nd cuneiform was performed. The result was excellent and there were no complications during a 10-year follow-up period with a decrease of width and length difference to 10% and 4%, respectively, in comparison to the contralateral foot. There were no gait anomalies. Abnormal foot width and length represented the main problems and guided the surgical strategy.
Second ray resection was effective, without complications and with a good long-term functional outcome. Possibility of wearing fashionable conventional shoes without insoles was achieved to the patient’s satisfaction
Legal and Normative Requirements Related to Medical Devices for Individual Supply in Clinical Practice
Authors: Zaczyk Marcin
Published: October 2021

This article has the form of a communication presenting recent legal changes in relation to medical devices. Until 26 May 2021, three medical directives were in force, namely Directive 98/79 / EC, Council Directive 93/42/ EEC and Council Directive 90/385 / EEC. They have been replaced by two regulations: Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices and Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. The article presents the reasons for introducing the changes and the new obligations that these changes bring for manufacturers of medical devices, in particular, products manufactured individually on a special order as necessary for the implementation of personalized therapies in clinical practice. There are also forecasts for the industry and end users of medical devices manufactured to order and used individually at medical centers.
Pollution investigation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and water from selected dumpsite locations in rivers and Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu Victor Uchenna , Omokpariola Daniel Omeodisemi , Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna , Nweke Eucheria Nkiru , Omokpariola Patrick Leonard
Published: October 2021

The transfer ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil dumpsite to borehole water is dependent of polluting source and exposure matrices that causes immerse health risk to man and environment over a period of time. PAHs were assessed in selected soil dumpsite and borehole water located at Rivers state (Eleme, Eliozu, Eneka, Oyigbo, and Woji) and Bayelsa state (Yenagoa), Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at four different points 30 m (North, South, East and West) locations at a depth of 15 cm for each dumpsite using soil auger while control samples were collected 200 m away (farmland), where there were little anthropogenic activities and no presence of active dumpsites. Borehole water samples were collected from 300 m distance, which were packaged in an amber container, labeled, and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Standard analytical methods were employed. PAHs concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction of water and soil using liquid-liquid and soxhlet extraction methods respectively and clean-up of the extracts, thereafter the laboratory data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. Total PAHs (ΣPAHS) concentrations in soil samples from the study sites ranged from 2.4294 mg/kg in Yenagoa to 5.1662 mg/kg in Eleme while in water samples the total PAHs ranged from 1.3935 mg/L in Woji to 3.009 mg/L in Eleme. The total PAH concentrations in the soil were above the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry levels of 1.0 mg/kg for a considerably contaminated site except for the control sites. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 0.0038 to 1.1301mg/kg in soil samples and 0.0014 to 0.9429 mg/L in borehole water samples, therefore raising concern of human exposure via food chain. The results indicate that low molecular weight PAHs were more dominant than high molecular weight PAHs in both soil and water samples, however molecular diagnostic ratio shows that pyrogenic activities are major sources of PAHs as compared to petrogenic origin. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and Pearson correlation) showed strong negative correlation implying that they were from dissimilar sources and different migratory route. Cancer and non-cancer risk showed that children were more at risk compared to adults, where inhalation exposure were major contribution as compared to ingestion and dermal exposure, as such there is a need to implement regulatory laws on indiscriminate release of PAHs contaminants to maintain sustainability.
Effect of feed restriction on the maintenance energy requirement of broiler breeders
Authors: Teofilo Guilherme Ferreira da Silva , Lizana Rony Riveros , Camargos Rosiane de Souza , Leme Bruno Balbino , Morillo Freddy  Alexander Horna , Silva Raully Lucas , Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger , Sakomura Nilva Kazue
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ad libitum and restricted feeding regimen on fasting heat production (FHP) and body composition.Methods: Twelve Hubbard broilers breeders were selected with the same body weight and submitted in two feeding regimes: Restricted (T1) with feed intake of 150 g/bird/d and ad libitum (T2). The birds were randomly distributed on the treatments in two runs with three replications per treatment (per run). The birds were adapted to the feed regimens for ten days. After that, they were allocated in the open-circuit chambers and kept for three days for adaptation. On the last day, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured by 30 h under fasting. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated as the VCO2/VO2 ratio, and the heat production (HP) was obtained using the Brower equation (1985). The FHP was estimated throughout the plateau of HP 12 hours after the feed deprivation. The body composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning at the end of each period. Data were analyzed for one-way analysis of variance using the Minitab software.Results: The daily feed intake was 30 g higher to T2 (p<0.01) than the T1. Also, the birds of the T2 had significatively (p<0.05) more oxygen consumption (+3.1 L/kg0.75/d) and CO2 production (+2.2 L/kg0.75/d). That resulted in a higher FHP 359±14 kJ/kg0.75/d for T2 than T1 296±17.23 kJ/kg0.75/d. In contrast, the RQ was not different between treatments, with an average of 0.77 for the fasting condition. In addition, protein and fat composition were not affected by the treatment, while a tendency (p<0.1) was shown to higher bone mineral content on the T1.Conclusion: The birds under ad libitum feeding had a higher maintenance energy requirement but their body composition was not affected compared to restricted feeding.
Provision of a protein-rich supplement for grazing suckling female beef calves to improve productive performance and metabolic response
Authors: Moreno Deilen S , Ortega Román M , Marquez David C , Moreira Thiago R , Santos Edson J dos , Almeida Daniel M de , Paulino Mário F , Rennó Luciana N , Detmann Edenio
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the provision of a protein-rich supplement on productive performance, and metabolic profile on grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions during 150 d of experimentation.Methods: Fifty-six Nellore suckling female calves, and their respective dams were distributed in a completely randomised design and made to undergo two treatments as follows: UNS (without supplementation), and SUP (supplementation with 5 g/kg body weight [BW] of a protein supplement). Throughout the experiment, animal performance and metabolic profile were evaluated. Also, ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were assessed for gene expression.Results: SUP female calves showed a higher voluntary intake (p≤0.03) of the diet components evaluated, digestibility of organic matter (p≤0.02) and microbial nitrogen production (MICN; p≤0.02) compared to UNS female calves. In its turn, serum urea nitrogen (p≤0.01) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (p≤0.03) levels and ureagenesis (p≤0.04) increased in SUP female calves compared to UNS female calves. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were not affected by supplementation. The average daily gain (ADG) from SUP female calves was higher (p≤0.02) compared with UNS female calves. However, supplementation did not affect the body measures of the animals.Conclusion: In summary, provision of a protein-rich supplement improves the intake and nutrients digestibility, ADG and final BW and increases metabolic indicators of the protein status in grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions.
Performance of Holstein cows subjected to different cooling sessions during subtropical summer
Authors: Bah Musa , Javed Khalid , Pasha Talat Naseer , Shahid Muhammad Qamer
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of different cooling sessions (CSs) as a water conservation strategy on physiological, and production responses and welfare in Holstein Friesian cows during subtropical summer in Pakistan.Methods: Twenty-one cows were subjected to three CS in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: i) eleven hours continuous cooling with sprinklers - control (CNT), ii) four CS, and iii) two CS. The CNT represented the practices of the commercial dairy farms in the area, while the other CSs were used as water reduction strategies. Each CS lasted for 1 h with a 12 min cycle (3 min water on and 9 min off) with a sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min.Results: The average temperature humidity index of the shed and the outside open area were 81.9 and 82.5, respectively. The results showed that both physiological responses were highest in the 2CS group followed by the CNT and the 4CS (p = 0.001). The CNT and 4CS groups had similar milk yield (p = 0.040). The 4CS group had more lying and eating times than the CNT and 2CS groups (p = 0.000). The cortisol level in the 2CS group was 2.0 and 2.2 μg/dL more than the CNT and the 4CS groups, respectively (p = 0.000).Conclusion: In conclusion, the 4CS was more efficient in cooling the cows and had better welfare, as it yielded similar milk yield, and better physiological responses than the CNT despite using 90% less water.
Dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation to gestating and lactating sows and their progeny affects growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood profiles and myogenic regulatory factor-related gene expression in wean-finish pigs
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Chung Thau Kiong , Jung Yeon Jae , Kim In Ho
Published: October 2021

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D3 on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality.Methods: The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D3 in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D3 and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 μg/kg 25 (OH)D3. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D3 respectively and supplemented without or with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3.Results: Sows fed 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D3 improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D3 level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05).Conclusion: Supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D3 levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 “on top” to practical vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.
Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for cauliflower at Paranánorthwest region
Authors: Andrean André Felipe Barion Alves , Rezende Roberto , Villa e Vila Vinícius , Silva Lucas Henrique Maldonado da , Wenneck Gustavo Soares
Published: October 2021

Evapotranspiration and the estimation of crop coefficient (Kc) are essential information for irrigation management, contributing to increase the water use efficiency and optimizing resources, mainly using local data. This study aimed to determine the water consumption and the crop coefficient of cauliflower (Barcelona hybrid) in the northwestern region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Technical Irrigation Center belonging to the State University of Maringá, in Maringá - PR. The crop evapotranspiration was determined using constant water table lysimeters, and the reference evapotranspiration was estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO), using climatological data collected in an automatic meteorological station. The cultivation was carried out from April to July. The total water consumption by the cauliflower was 215.11 mm, a higher value than that available in the FAO recommendations. The crop coefficient (Kc) recommended values for local conditions are 0.74 for the initial stage, 1.86 for the intermediate stage, and 1.50 for the final stage.
Reliability and Validity of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Questionnaire in Individuals with Non-specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Abedi Mohsen , Okhovatian Farshad , Heydarpour Meymeh Maryam , Daryabor Aliyeh , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza
Published: October 2021

Background: The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) is considered a valid and reliable tool to assess the fear-avoidance behavior in patients. There is a valid and reliable Persian version of the TSK-17. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the internal consistency as a measurement for the test reliability and factor (domain) validity of the Persian version of the TSK-17 to determine whether a modified form can be proposed. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 295 individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency (reliability). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to evaluate factor validity which is an aspect of the construct validity. The Chi-square divided by the degrees of freedom, the goodness of fit index (GFI), the confirmatory fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) indices were utilized as the goodness-of-fit criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 18), AMOS software (version 20), and EQS software (version 6.2). Results: Two factors were extracted for the TSK-17 questionnaire using EFA, and then the structure was confirmed with CFA. Cronbach’s alpha as an internal consistency index was 0.949 for the entire questionnaire, 0.931 for the 11-item fear-of-movement factor, and 0.971 for the 6-item belief factor. The evaluation of the inappropriate items demonstrated that no items were selected for the deletion; therefore, a modified version of the TSK was not presented. The goodness-of-fit indices were reported as GFI = 0.882, RMSEA=0.066 (90% CI: 0.055-0.076), CFI = 0.983, and minimum discrepancy per degree of freedom = 2.27. Conclusions: The Persian version of the TSK-17 can be considered a valid and reliable tool to assess the fear of movement and avoidance behavior in individuals with NSLBP.
Selective Video Encryption Using the Cross Coupling of One-dimensional Logistic Maps
Authors:   Jain Institute of Technology, Davanagere, 577004, India., Malladar Rohit S , R Kunte Sanjeev
Published: October 2021

H.264 videos have been the most shared type of video format in recent times and hence its security is a major issue. The techniques presented in the recent times incur complex computations. The major research objective is to design an efficient Chaotic Selective Video Encryption (CSVE) technique which can result in a better visual degradation of the encrypted video with less computational complexity. In the proposed work, in order to secure the H.264 videos, two one-dimensional logistic maps are cross coupled in the chaotic encryption technique which uses a lookup table for data conversion. The technique is evaluated using different performance metrics like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), entropy, statistical analysis etc along with the traditional logistic map. The work is compared with some recent techniques in terms of PSNR and was found out that the proposed technique has better encryption effect.
Modelling Electricity Consumption Forecasting Using the Markov Process and Hybrid Features Selection
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Liyan Institute of Education, Bushehr, Iran, Dalkani Hadis , Mojarad Musa , Arfaeinia Hassan
Published: October 2021

Given the problem of electrical energy storage, it is critical to predict the amount of load required in order to have a reliable and stable power distribution network. Predicting electricity consumption of subscribers and analyzing their consumption behavior under the influence of various factors and time variables is important. Given the large volume of subscriber consumption data and the effective factors, it is only possible to analyze the data using new information technology tools such as data mining. In this paper, feature selection, clustering and Markov process techniques are used to model and predict the power consumption data of subscribers. First, the selection of a subset of effective features is based on the combined PCA approach and the Firefly algorithm. Subscribers are then clustered based on the features selected by the K-means. Finally, subscriber behavior patterns are modeled to predict consumption using the Markov process on high-risk clusters. This study is simulated based on the data of electricity subscribers in Bushehr-Iran Power Distribution Company. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed model over other similar algorithms such as LASSO-QRNN and HyFIS. The accuracy of power consumption prediction in the proposed method is about 1% compared to LASSO-QRNN and about 0.5% compared to HyFIS.
Insights from vulnerability-driven optimisation for humanitarian logistics
Authors: Alem Douglas
Published: October 2021

Natural disasters and the vulnerability of a population go hand in hand. We cannot understand the level of a disaster without grasping the extent of people�s vulnerability. But how can we ensure that humanitarian assistance is driven by people�s vulnerability when the lack of resources makes it impossible to support all those that need it? This study thus contributes to this line of research by enhancing our understanding of how we can �put the reality of the most vulnerable people first� (cf. Chambers 1995). For this purpose, we examine two experiences that have proposed to incorporate vulnerability concerns into the planning and optimisation of humanitarian logistics operations. The first experience relies on a very popular composite indicator called Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to build enhanced response capacity in more vulnerable areas. The second experience is built upon a poverty measure called Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) to identify the groups that potentially need the most relief aid supply and to help devising allocation plans in compliance with people�s income. These two experiences reveal that in most cases targeting more vulnerable areas increases their level of access to relief aid goods without greatly compromising the relief service levels of less vulnerable areas.
DETERMINING EFFICIENCY OF TOURISM SECTOR IN CERTAIN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND REGIONS BY APPLYING DEA ANALYSIS
Authors: Pavković Vladimir , Jević Goran , Jević Jelena , Nguyen Phong Thanh , Sava Cipriana
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The paper presents research results of efficiency of tourism sector in certain European countries and regions obtained by applying DEA method. The primary goal of the paper is to determine to what extent tourism sector in certain European countries and regions is efficient in relation to set parameters, while the secondary goal is aimed at providing recommendations for its improvement. In relation to this, the methodology of the DEA analysis is based on the input and output parameters which were used to determine the efficiency. The input parameters included: number of hotels and similar accommodation capacities, number of rooms and number of bed places, whereas the output parameters included: number of inbound tourists, number of bed-nights and tourism expenditure during their stay abroad. One of the conclusions of the paper is that the total efficiency was shown in Croatia, Belgium, and Denmark, while the technical efficiency was also present in North Macedonia, France, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.
National identity of secondary school students in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Ranđelović Dušan , Minić Jelena , Ranđelović Kristina
Published: October 2021

This paper was aimed at examining the structure and expression of national identity among secondary school students (N=568) in different towns in Serbia, its relation to self-esteem and achievement motive, as well as the differences regarding socio-demographic characteristics (sex and place of residence). The instruments used are the Scale of National Identity NAIT, the Global Self-Esteem Scale, and the Scale to Measure Achievement Motive MOP2002. The results have shown that the values of national identity are above the theoretical average and significantly higher than the values recorded among the adolescents in an earlier study. Among general characteristics of their own nation, secondary school students value culture more than history, character traits and state institutions (lowest-ranked in comparison to all other characteristics), finding that courage is the most pronounced individual characteristic, while the least pronounced one is hypocrisy. A positive correlation of national identity with self-esteem and achievement motive was obtained, whereas achievement motive is also a significant national identity predictor. Significant differences were found in the expression of national identity among secondary school students in relation to their place of residence (secondary school students from Belgrade have a higher level of national identity in comparison to their peers from Niš and Kosovska Mitrovica).
Communication gap between analogue parents and digital children
Authors: Boranijašević Marija
Published: October 2021

The conducted research is aimed at determining whether there are any differences, and to what extent, in communication practice between parents and their children today. The subject of the research refers to communication habits of parents and their children, as well as their mutual communication. The task is to determine whether the parents belonging to Generation X and Baby Boom Generation, characterized by the "analogue" approach to communication, and their children belonging to "digital" Generation Z, actually communicate in a different manner and generally belong to two groups: Digital Residents or Digital Visitors.
Effects of the social context of the COVID-19 pandemic on educational policies
Authors: Milinković Jasmina , Banđur Veljko
Published: October 2021

The social context is one of the determining factors in the creation of educational policies and, in particular, the curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to consider adapting the mathematics curriculum to the current context of the pandemic. Starting from the historical development of the mathematics curriculum in Serbia and the assumption that the conditions in society conditioned the change of the curriculum, the characteristics of the process of planning, organizing and implementing mathematics teaching in a pandemic were ascertained and discussed by a hypothetical deductive method of editing and comparing experiences. The way in which the social context and social institutions influenced the differences between the planned and implemented mathematics curriculum is discussed. It was concluded that the curriculum was redirected towards a modernist approach based on information technologies.
Serbian language, society, ideology
Authors: Kostić-Tmušić Aleksandra , Đukić Milica
Published: October 2021

Language is a phenomenon that is inseparable from all spheres of life. Since language is the basic means of communication, its social importance is indisputable. Without language, the society could not function; on the other hand, language could not "live" if there was no use of it. The characteristics of a nation are reflected in language, while, in turn, language makes a nation to a great extent; it constitutes a socio-cultural reflection. It is related to history, politics and different institutions, such as church and school, and it unstoppably performs its function in these areas. The use of language differs depending on its power and status in the society. Language influences the society with its power, but social changes also largely contribute to language changes. Both society and language are alive, so changes occur concurrently in both spheres. There are many different ideologies that have spread their influence in the history of the society development. One of them would be the ideology of language standard, or the proper use of language, which will be separately elaborated in our paper. Our civilization is founded on rules, or different norms of behaviour present in language and in the society. Communication is successfully realized by observing the existing conventions, without which the language system would not survive. We unconsciously accept language ideologies and rules, not paying attention to the great power of language in everyday activities. Language, society, politics, rules and changes are the subject of this article, and they are observed in their specific features and comparison.
Geoeconomics and entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Maksimović Marijana , Cvetićanin Neven
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research is to examine how the coronavirus, which has become a global process, has affected the labour market. The goal is to confirm or reject the hypothesis that there has been an increase in unemployment since the beginning of the pandemic. Also, the aim is to answer the research question whether social dialogue has managed to mitigate the negative effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19). Analytical and descriptive methods were used in this research. The scientific research presented in this paper makes a significant contribution to the study of the impact of the coronavirus on the regions, economic activity and unemployment. The paper presents data on the number of the (un)employed in the world before the beginning of the pandemic and after the end of the first and most critical year.
Public service ethics in local self-government
Authors: Joković Milica
Published: October 2021

Within different ethical approaches, public service ethics belongs to deontological ethics. It encompasses the moral culture of employees, professional integrity, and public service integrity in institutions. Public service ethics is based on the ethical principles of professionals: autonomy, benevolence, taking care not to inflict harm on others, and fair conduct. Professional associations are the guarantors of practising and respecting the ethical principles of professionals. The acceptance of and adherence to ethical principles of professional associations is embodied through self-regulation in the codes of ethics. The codes of ethics are based on ethical principles of professionals: accountability, openness, accessibility, transparency, exemplarity, respect, and politeness.
Illegal construction in the language sphere
Authors: Rakić Branko
Published: October 2021

Stating that social action aimed at achieving a higher degree of equality between men and women is necessary and useful, the author questions the validity of the approach in the recently adopted Law on Gender Equality that tries to establish gender equality, among other things, by forced intervention in the language sphere, through imposing the application of the so-called "gender-sensitive language". Despite the fact that such an approach could hardly contribute to actual equality, this forced intervention in the language sphere is the violation of the language as a segment of intangible cultural heritage, which is contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and a number of international acts. Fortunately, the provisions of the Law on Gender Equality regarding the application of gender-sensitive language are inaccurate, unclear and full of internal contradictions to such an extent that it can be said that they are not applicable.
Dar corpo às ideias: performance como processo de incorporação
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brandão Ricardo Augusto de Lima
Published: October 2021

Este ensaio propõe a discussão sobre a performance para além de suas dimensões transitórias e espontâneas, pensando no material a ser performado a partir de sua dimensão textual (técnicas, estéticas e valores), que, como espectro, circula sobre o imaginário de certa comunidade e se manifesta durante a performance, incorporando-se no corpo social. A partir de autores como Shelemay e Appadurai, é possível entender as práticas performativas como representações e encenações destes textos e, ao mesmo tempo, como formas de introjetá-los nos sujeitos, criando unidade dentro de tal comunidade, promovendo assim sua reprodução. Sendo assim, é possível imaginar a performance como uma reencenação de antigos valores e significados que voltam, como reminiscências imaginárias, a andar entre os vivos, moldando suas histórias.