bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic governmentality in Latin America: Sociotechnical imaginaries, neocolonial soft power, and authoritarianism
Authors: Ricaurte Paola , Gómez-Cruz Edgar , Siles Ignacio
Published: February 2024

Latin America stands as one of the most unequal regions globally, where economic and social crises persist regardless of the ideological leanings of the ruling governments. Many countries in the region grapple with pervasive issues such as corruption, impunity, and a lack of adherence to the rule of law. In this context of generalized crisis, governments have turned to discourses of innovation and technological progress to justify their actions, advocating for the incorporation of automated systems into public administration. Algorithmic governmentality, the government of the social world through the algorithmic processing of data, emerges as a political rationality. Drawing from recent contributions in the theory of governmentality and critical data studies, our commentary centers on three critical dimensions: algorithmic governmentality as political rationality manifested in sociotechnical imaginaries; as an expression of soft power wielded by the U.S. government over the region; and the means by which regional governments automate social asymmetries and social control. This commentary delves into the intricate dynamics of algorithmic governmentality in Latin America, shedding light on its multifaceted implications for governance, democracy, and social structures in the region.
The design of the Deaf in Touch Everywhere (DITE)TM mobile application with Deaf and interpreter communities in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Vee Yee , Yong Chong Chun , Ng Jennifer , Thanabalasingam Dhaanyah , Watterson Jessica L , Palanisamy Uma Devi
Published: February 2024

Background

Ineffective communication with Deaf individuals in healthcare settings has led to poor outcomes including miscommunication, waste, and errors. To help address these challenges, we developed a mobile app, Deaf in Touch Everywhere (DITETM) which aims to connect the Deaf community in Malaysia with a pool of off-site interpreters through secure video conferencing.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to (a) assess the feasibility and acceptability of measuring unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) constructs for DITETM with the Deaf community and Malaysian sign language (BIM) interpreters and (b) seek input from Deaf people and BIM interpreters on DITETM to improve its design.

Methods

Two versions of the UTAUT questionnaire were adapted for BIM interpreters and the Deaf community. Participants were recruited from both groups and asked to test the DITE app features over a 2-week period. They then completed the questionnaire and participated in focus group discussions to share their feedback on the app.

Results

A total of 18 participants completed the questionnaire and participated in the focus group discussions. Ratings of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and behavioural intention were high across both groups, and suggestions were provided to improve the app. High levels of engagement suggest that measurement of UTAUT constructs with these groups (through a modified questionnaire) is feasible and acceptable.

Conclusions

The process of engaging end users in the design process provided valuable insights and will help to ensure that the DITETM app continues to address the needs of both the Deaf community and BIM interpreters in Malaysia.
Transition and continuation: A typological study of intergenerational relationships in Chinese families
Authors: Zeng Xuhui , Li Yifeng
Published: February 2024

In contrast to the intergenerational relations of families in the West, Chinese families emphasize mutual support and care among family members and consider parenting and filial duty a continuous process. Based on the typology of intergenerational relations in Western countries, this study constructs an analytical framework for Chinese families consisting of two dimensions: living arrangements and functional exchange. On this basis, it also proposes four potential types of intergenerational relationship: tight-knit, instrumental, independent, and parental support. Using a latent class analysis of nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data helped us understand the different forms of intergenerational relationship and have a better understanding of their development trends. Several things can be learned from the findings. The significant share of the instrumental type and the emergence of the independent and parental support types indicate a change in intergenerational relationships in contemporary China. Although the traditional tight-knit type is no longer the dominant model, close intergenerational linkages are maintained through the instrumental and parental support types, and almost half of parents continue to have a close relationship with their children. This indicates that parenting and filial duty are preserved, reflecting the continuation of intergenerational relationships. The study also found that the type of intergenerational relationship is significantly influenced by the socioeconomic statuses of offspring and parents, indicating the reproduction of social inequality.
Linguistic Disparities in Diabetes Care Quality in California Community Health Centers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ramos Oscar V. , Brown Timothy T. , Rodriguez Hector P.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Disparities in diabetes care quality may have increased for patients with limited English language proficiency (LEP) compared to non-LEP patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in diabetes care quality for adult LEP and non-LEP patients of community health centers (CHCs) were examined from 2019 to 2020.

Methods:

Adults with Type 2 diabetes (n = 15 965) of 88 CHC sites in California and with 1+ visit/year in 2019 and 2020 from OCHIN electronic health record data were included. Multivariable regression models estimated the association of LEP status and changes in diabetes care quality from 2019 to 2020, controlling for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interaction terms (LEP × 2020) were used to estimate differential over time changes in (1) blood pressure screening, (2) blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg), and (3) hemoglobin A1c control (HbA1c <8%) for LEP versus non-LEP patients.

Results:

LEP and non-LEP patients with diabetes had comparable blood pressure screening and control in 2019 and in 2020. LEP patients were less likely than non-LEP patients to have their HbA1c under control in 2019 (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.96, P = .006) and 2020 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.92, P = .001). There were no differential changes in HbA1c control over time for LEP and non-LEP patients.

Discussion:

Although LEP patients were less likely than non-LEP patients to have their HbA1c under control, CHCs maintained quality of care equally for LEP and non-LEP patients with diabetes during the early pandemic period.
Impact of Healthcare Location Concordance on Receipt of Preventive Care Among Children Whose Parents have a Substance Use and/or Mental Health Diagnosis
Authors: Martwick Joshua , Kaufmann Jorge , Bailey Steffani , Angier Heather , Huguet Nathalie , Heintzman John , O’Malley Jean , Moreno Laura , DeVoe Jennifer E.
Published: February 2024

Aims:

Children of parents with substance use and/or other mental health (SU/MH) diagnoses are at increased risk for health problems. It is unknown whether these children benefit from receiving primary care at the same clinic as their parents. Thus, among children of parents with >1 SU/MH diagnosis, we examined the association of parent-child clinic concordance with rates of well-child checks (WCCs) and childhood vaccinations.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR) data from the OCHIN network of community health organizations (CHOs), 2010-2018. Setting: 280 CHOs across 17 states.

Participants/Cases:

41,413 parents with >1 SU/MH diagnosis, linked to 65,417 children aged 0 to 17 years, each with >1 visit to an OCHIN clinic during the study period.

Measurements:

Dependent variables: rates of WCCs during (1) the first 15 months of life, and (2) ages 3 to 17 years; vaccine completeness (3) by the age of 2, and (4) before the age of 18. Estimates were attained using generalized estimating equations Poisson or logistic regression.

Findings:

Among children utilizing the same clinic as their parent versus children using a different clinic (reference group), we observed greater WCC rates in the first 15 months of life [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10]; no difference in WCC rates in ages 3 to 17; higher odds for vaccine completion before age 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03-1.21]; and lower odds for vaccine completion before age 18 (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81-0.95).

Conclusion:

Among children whose parents have at least one SU/MH diagnosis, parent-child clinic concordance was associated with greater rates of WCCs and higher odds of completed vaccinations for children in the youngest age groups, but not the older children. This suggests the need for greater emphasis on family-oriented healthcare for young children of parents with SU/MH diagnoses; this may be less important for older children.
Social Factors Affecting Sustainable Socially Responsible Purchasing: A Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Zong Wei , Tu Huazhong , Luo Fang , Junejo Ikramuddin , Din Ashraf Ud , Zhou Darui , Luo Andi , He Haiyang
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility as a mediator between social factors and sustainable socially responsible purchases in the food industry of Sindh, Pakistan. To determine the findings of this study, a sample size of 250 is drawn from the study’s primary data. The department of purchasing is requested to voluntarily complete the questionnaire utilized in previous studies. The convenience sampling strategy and the snowball sampling strategy are considered for data collection. For data analysis, SmartPLS version 3 is utilized. This study revealed that corporate social responsibility partially mediates the connection between human rights, social welfare, and sustainable socially responsible purchasing. Nevertheless, the full mediation effect between safety and health for socially responsible purchasing has been uncovered. The novel finding of this study is that the mediation effect was not previously conducted a. However, the mediating role of corporate social responsibility and the food industry has been evaluated in the context of Sindh, Pakistan.
Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones and Stops in Mandarin-Speaking Musicians and Nonmusicians
Authors: Ma Junzhou , Zhu Jiaqiang , Yao Xiaoguang , Chen Yang
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the perception of Mandarin lexical tones and stops to examine the degree of overlap between music and language. Eighteen musicians and 21 nonmusicians participated in a typical categorical perception task. Results showed that musicians and nonmusicians had comparable degree of categorical perception of tones and stops. Compared to nonmusicians, musicians exhibited enhanced sensitivities to within-category lexical tone stimuli. However, this improved ability was not observed in the perception of stops. These findings imply that musical experience strengthens the acuity of subtle low-level acoustic variations between within-category lexical tone stimuli without interfering with the high-level phonological representations of lexical tones, and this facilitatory effect is selective and could not readily extend to stop consonants in native language.
Does Technological Innovation Promote Renewable Energy Investment?
Authors: Zhao Qian , Su Chi-Wei , Guo Jun-Mo
Published: February 2024

Technological innovation ( TI) is conducive to economic growth, but whether it promotes the development of renewable energy remains controversial. This study aims to analyze the interrelation between TI and renewable energy investment ( REI) to see how to promote the coordinated development of TI and REI. By using the bootstrap rolling-window subsample Granger causality test and the sample from January 2010 to July 2022 in China, we find that the influence of a country’s overall TI level on REI is twofold. On the one hand, the increase in a country’s overall TI level has a positive influence on REI by reducing the renewable energy risk. On the other hand, TI can reduce REI by bringing more demand for relatively stable non-renewable energy. Conversely, REI has both positive and negative influences on a country’s overall TI level. Additional REI promotes renewable energy-related TI, but it may crowd out the investment in other fields and impede TI. Based on these results, policymakers intended to achieve sustainable development should encourage renewable energy TI, which is conducive to reducing the risk of renewable energy. In addition, policymakers should pay attention to REI’s role in crowing out the investment in other fields, and take measures to promote TI of the whole society.

JEL Classification: C32, O32, Q2.
Development of Digital Finance and Enhancement of Regional Innovation in the Context of Dual Circulation
Authors: Dong Yang , Pan Haiying
Published: February 2024

Amidst the framework of dual circulation, innovation emerges as a pivotal strategy for realizing high-quality economic development. Concurrently, digital finance, serving as a potent complement to traditional financial systems, significantly influences regional innovation enhancement. This research employs a spatial panel methodology to thoroughly investigate the inherent mechanisms through which digital finance development shapes regional innovation. Empirical testing is conducted using panel data derived from 283 mainland Chinese prefecture-level cities spanning from 2013 to 2020. The findings underscore that digital inclusive finance plays a crucial role in amplifying regional innovation output, unveiling a distinct spatial impact on innovation. The progression of each facet of digital finance contributes to mitigating supply-side financing constraints, thereby directly fostering heightened regional innovation. The study delves into a Chinese regional sub-sample, revealing a prevalent driving effect with conspicuous heterogeneity across the major regions—East > Central > West. As scientific and technological innovation stands as the primary driving force, its profound interplay with the evolution of financial inclusion in China is evident. This study provides valuable insights to fortify regional modernization efforts and serves as a reference for policymakers and researchers navigating the complex intersection of finance and innovation in the Chinese context.
Does the Number of Response Categories Impact Validity Evidence in Self-Report Measures? A Scoping Review
Authors: Abulela Mohammed A. A. , Khalaf Mustafa Ali
Published: February 2024

The optimal number of responses categories (NRC) is among the most discussed, yet least decided, topic in self-report measures. In addition, there is a dearth of scoping reviews that summarize its impact on validity evidence (e.g., evidence-based on internal structure). To that end, we conducted a scoping review of methodological literature to provide self-report measures developers and applied researchers with evidence-based recommendations when selecting the optimal NRC. Given the inconsistent results reported in previous research, a key recommendation, when conducting cognitive interviews, is to investigate the interpretation of response options by a sample of potential participants who have varying perspectives. This procedure is paramount to ascertain that response options are accurately interpreted and function as intended. The present scoping review is expected to become a valuable resource for applied researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions about the optimal NRC, taking into account validity evidence, and therefore contributes to the literature of educational and psychological measurement and research methods.
Baldia Factory Fire Tragedy: A Black Spot for Workplace Safety Standards in Pakistan
Authors: Rafay Abdul
Published: February 2024

Background:

The Baldia Factory (BF) fire incident in Pakistan was among the most tragic workplace fires in the world claiming the lives of more than 259 people.

Methods:

A case study was conducted to evaluate the state of the safety measures, firefighting systems, building regulations, employees’ documentation, and compensation structures.

Results:

The case study found many deficiencies in the fire safety program and lack of adherence to and enforcement of existing fire regulations.

Conclusion:

Findings are discussed in the context of fire safety regulations and enforcement in low- and middle-income countries such as Pakistan.
The AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System and Treatment Algorithm in Decision Making for Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Without Neurologic Deficit
Authors: Kweh Barry T. S. , Tee Jin Wee , Dandurand Charlotte , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Lorin Benneker M. , Schnake Klaus , Vialle Emiliano , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , El-Skarkawi Mohammad , Bransford Richard J. , Kanna Rishi M. , Aly Mohamed M. , Holas Martin , Canseco Jose A. , Muijs Sander , Popescu Eugen C. , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Joaquim Andrei F. , Chhabra Harvinder S. , Bigdon Sebastian Frederick , Spiegel Ulrich , Dvorak Marcel , Öner Cumhur F. , Schroeder Gregory
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Prospective Observational Study.

Objective

To determine the alignment of the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification system and treatment algorithm with contemporary surgical decision making.

Methods

183 cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures were reviewed by 22 AO Spine Knowledge Forum Trauma experts. These experienced clinicians classified the fracture morphology, integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex and degree of comminution. Management recommendations were collected.

Results

There was a statistically significant stepwise increase in rates of operative management with escalating category of injury ( P < .001). An excellent correlation existed between recommended expert management and the actual treatment of each injury category: A0/A1/A2 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.70-1.69, P = .71), A3/4 (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.98-2.66, P = .58) and B1/B2/C (1.00, 95% CI 0.87-1.14, P = .99). Thoracolumbar A4 fractures were more likely to be surgically stabilized than A3 fractures (68.2% vs 30.9%, P < .001). A modifier indicating indeterminate ligamentous injury increased the rate of operative management when comparing type B and C injuries to type A3/A4 injuries (OR 39.19, 95% CI 20.84-73.69, P < .01 vs OR 27.72, 95% CI 14.68-52.33, P < .01).

Conclusions

The AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification system introduces fracture morphology in a rational and hierarchical manner of escalating severity. Thoracolumbar A4 complete burst fractures were more likely to be operatively managed than A3 fractures. Flexion-distraction type B injuries and translational type C injuries were much more likely to have surgery recommended than type A fractures regardless of the M1 modifier. A suspected posterior ligamentous injury increased the likelihood of surgeons favoring surgical stabilization.
Interobserver Reliability in the Classification of Thoracolumbar Fractures Using the AO Spine TL Injury Classification System Among 22 Clinical Experts in Spine Trauma Care
Authors: Canseco Jose A. , Paziuk Taylor , Schroeder Gregory D. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Öner Cumhur F. , Benneker Lorin M. , Vialle Emiliano , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Bransford Richard J. , Kanna Rishi M. , Holas Martin , Muijs Sander , Popescu Eugen Cezar , Dandurand Charlotte , Tee Jin W. , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Aly Mohamed M. , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Keynan Ory , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Bigdon Sebastian , Spiegl Ulrich J. , Schnake Klaus , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Reliability study utilizing 183 injury CT scans by 22 spine trauma experts with assessment of radiographic features, classification of injuries and treatment recommendations.

Objectives

To assess the reliability of the AOSpine TL Injury Classification System (TLICS) including the categories within the classification and the M1 modifier.

Methods

Kappa and Intraclass correlation coefficients were produced. Associations of various imaging characteristics (comminution, PLC status) and treatment recommendations were analyzed through regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used for making predictive algorithms.

Results

Reliability of the AO Spine TLICS at differentiating A3 and A4 injuries (N = 71) (K = .466; 95% CI .458 – .474; P < .001) demonstrated moderate agreement. Similarly, the average intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) amongst A3 and A4 injuries was excellent (ICC = .934; 95% CI .919 – .947; P < .001) and the ICC between individual measures was moderate (ICC = .403; 95% CI .351 – .461; P < .001). The overall agreement on the utilization of the M1 modifier amongst A3 and A4 injuries was fair (K = .161; 95% CI .151 – .171; P < .001). The ICC for PLC status in A3 and A4 injuries averaged across all measures was excellent (ICC = .936; 95% CI .922 – .949; P < .001). The M1 modifier suggests respondents are nearly 40% more confident that the PLC is injured amongst all injuries. The M1 modifier was employed at a higher frequency as injuries were classified higher in the classification system.

Conclusions

The reliability of surgeons differentiating between A3 and A4 injuries in the AOSpine TLICS is substantial and the utilization of the M1 modifier occurs more frequently with higher grades in the system.
Predictive Algorithm for Surgery Recommendation in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Without Neurological Deficits
Authors: Dandurand Charlotte , Fallah Nader , Öner Cumhur F. , Bransford Richard J. , Schnake Klaus , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Benneker Lorin M. , Vialle Emiliano , Schroeder Gregory D. , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , El-Skarkawi Mohammad , Kanna Rishi M. , Aly Mohamed , Holas Martin , Canseco Jose A , Muijs Sander , Popescu Eugen Cezar , Tee Jin Wee , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Keynan Ory , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Bigdon Sebastian , Spiegel Ulrich , Dvorak Marcel F
Published: February 2024

Study design

Predictive algorithm via decision tree

Objectives

Artificial intelligence (AI) remain an emerging field and have not previously been used to guide therapeutic decision making in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Building such models may reduce the variability in treatment recommendations. The goal of this study was to build a mathematical prediction rule based upon radiographic variables to guide treatment decisions.

Methods

Twenty-two surgeons from the AO Knowledge Forum Trauma reviewed 183 cases from the Spine TL A3/A4 prospective study (classification, degree of certainty of posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury, use of M1 modifier, degree of comminution, treatment recommendation). Reviewers’ regions were classified as Europe, North/South America and Asia. Classification and regression trees were used to create models that would predict the treatment recommendation based upon radiographic variables. We applied the decision tree model which accounts for the possibility of non-normal distributions of data. Cross-validation technique as used to validate the multivariable analyses.

Results

The accuracy of the model was excellent at 82.4%. Variables included in the algorithm were certainty of PLC injury (%), degree of comminution (%), the use of M1 modifier and geographical regions. The algorithm showed that if a patient has a certainty of PLC injury over 57.5%, then there is a 97.0% chance of receiving surgery. If certainty of PLC injury was low and comminution was above 37.5%, a patient had 74.2% chance of receiving surgery in Europe and Asia vs 22.7% chance in North/South America. Throughout the algorithm, the use of the M1 modifier increased the probability of receiving surgery by 21.4% on average.

Conclusion

This study presents a predictive analytic algorithm to guide decision-making in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficits. PLC injury assessment over 57.5% was highly predictive of receiving surgery (97.0%). A high degree of comminution resulted in a higher chance of receiving surgery in Europe or Asia vs North/South America. Future studies could include clinical and other variables to enhance predictive ability or use machine learning for outcomes prediction in thoracolumbar burst fractures.
What Factors Influence Surgeons in Decision-Making in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures? A Survey-Based Investigation of a Panel of Spine Surgery Experts
Authors: Schnake Klaus J. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Öner Cumhur F. , Dandurand Charlotte , Muijs Sander , Bigdon Sebastian F.
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Cross-sectional survey study.

Objective

To investigate factors affecting decision-making in thoracolumbar burst-fractures without neurologic deficit.

Methods

A 40-question survey addressing expert-related, economic, and radiological factors was distributed to 30 international trauma experts. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the impact of these factors on operative or non-operative management preferences.

Results

Out of 30 experts, 27 completed the survey. The majority of respondents worked at level 1 trauma centers (81.5%) within university settings (77.8%). They were primarily orthopedic surgeons (66.7%) and had over 10 years of experience (70.4%). About 81% found distinguishing between A3 and A4 fractures relevant for decision-making. Most experts (59%) treated A3 fractures non-surgically, while only 30% treated A4 fractures conservatively. Compensation systems did not influence treatment recommendations, and hospital measures promoting surgeries did not significantly affect distribution. Radiological factors, such as local kyphosis (25/27), fracture comminution (23/27), overall sagittal balance (21/27), and spinal canal narrowing (20/27), influenced decisions.

Conclusion

Incomplete burst fractures (A3) are predominantly treated non-surgically, while complete burst fractures (A4) are primarily treated surgically. Compensation, third-party incentives, and outpatient care did not significantly impact decision-making. Radiological factors beyond the AO Spine thoracolumbar classification system seem to be essential and warrant further evaluation.
Pedicle Dysplasia in Proximal Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Curves: What are We Missing and What are its Possible Surgical Implications? An Observational Retrospective Study on 104 Patients
Authors: Viroli Giovanni , Ruffilli Alberto , Barile Francesca , Manzetti Marco , Traversari Matteo , Faldini Cesare
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

To assess if pedicle dysplasia is present in proximal thoracic (PT), both structural and nonstructural, compared to main thoracic (MT) curves; and to assess if it is predictive of radiographic outcomes at minimum 2 years of follow-up.

Methods

A retrospective review of surgically-treated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients with Lenke 1-2-3-4 curves was performed. On preoperative CT-scan, at the apical vertebra, pedicle width on the concavity (PWc) and on the convexity (PWv) and Pedicle Dysplasia Index (PDI, defined as PWc/PWv) were measured. Preoperative and last follow-up (at least 2 years) x-rays were reviewed.

Results

104 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into Structural-PT (S-PT) and Nonstructural-PT (NS-PT) groups based on Lenke criteria. PWc ( P < .001). And PDI ( P < .001 for S-PT, P = .004 for NS-PT) were significantly smaller in the PT than in MT curves for both groups. PT-PWc significantly correlated with follow-up PT Cobb for both groups ( P < .001 and P = .015 respectively). PT-PDI significantly correlated with follow-up PT-Cobb ( P < .001), CA ( P < .040) and T1 tilt ( P < .002), only for NS-PT group. NS-PT patients with PWc PT <1 mm had higher RSHD ( P = .021) and T1 tilt ( P = .025) at follow-up. NS-PT patients with PDI PT <.3 had higher RSHD ( P < .001), CA ( P = .002) and T1 tilt ( P = .003) at follow-up.

Conclusion

S-PT and NS-PT curves show significant pedicle dysplasia on the concavity. Pedicle dysplasia significantly correlated with shoulder balance at follow-up, for NS-PT patterns. Patients with a PWc <1 mm or PDI <.30 are at particular risk of postoperative shoulder imbalance.
Growing Restiveness of the Peasantry in Contemporary India: Context and Challenges
Authors: Jha Praveen
Published: February 2024

The global rise of neoliberalism has drastically altered the economic landscape of the peasantry and deepened the agrarian crisis of the countries of the Global South, including India. The roots of India’s agrarian crisis can be traced to a very significant transition from dirigiste to a neoliberal macroeconomic policy regime, in 1991, which has continued till date. Its most gruesome manifestation has been high and ever-rising farmers’ suicides. Factors such as substantial compression of rural development expenditures, increasing input prices, vulnerability to world market price fluctuations due to greater openness, inadequate crop insurance and substantial weakening of the provisioning for credit, along with the governments’ apathy to the demand for remunerative prices for farm produce, are among the obvious causal correlates of the contemporary agrarian crisis in the country. An important consequence has been a steady building up of peasant resistance, particularly over the last decade, leading up to the recent mass protests. Given their scale, intensity, and tenacity, they have been widely hailed as among the most significant resistance movements within the country and across the world against the machinations of corporate power and the interests of big business. This article addresses some of the primary features of the farmers’ movement in India, and the contradictions and challenges with which it has been contending.
Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency: Unusual Presentation of the Arabic Mutation. A Case Report
Authors: Alayed Yazeed , Alghamdi Wesam , Alyousef Rafah
Published: February 2024

Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency is an extremely rare inborn error of metabolism that constitutes a triad osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis and intracerebral calcification. Unlike other subtypes of osteopetrosis, the presence of developmental delay and relative infrequency of skeletal fractures may not be a typical signs of symptoms indolent trajectory. This case report demonstrates a 11-year-old boy who had a bilateral midshaft tibial fracture despite low mechanism of injury. He was found to have severe respiratory distress with hypokalemia shortly after arriving to the emergency department venous blood gas (VBG) showed moderate metabolic acidosis. Potassium was corrected but he persistently had low potassium level despite frequent corrections. He was then started on sodium bicarbonate boluses. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was sent, and result was consistent with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis type III with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) evident by pathologic variant on CA2 gene confirming the diagnosis of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) deficiency consistent with the unique Arabic mutation. Conversely, low mechanism of fracture injury in the context of severe form of fracture type should raise the concern of (CA II) deficiency especially in a pediatric patient who show no signs of developmental of cognitive delay.
Lived Experiences of Cognitive Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia: How Patients Discuss Their Experiences and Suggestions for Patient Education
Authors: Millar Kayla A , Crump Lyndsay , LaChapelle Diane L
Published: February 2024

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common, impairing symptom experienced by persons with fibromyalgia (FM). This study explored how individuals with FM describe their experience of CD in an online peer support environment. Posts referencing cognitive symptoms were extracted from two Facebook FM peer support groups at two timepoints. Using inductive Thematic Analysis, key discussion themes were identified and compared across groups and time. Four themes represented the way members described their cognitive experiences in FM: understanding and describing CD experiences, distrust of cognitive abilities, choosing between pain and medication side effects, and misunderstanding and judgement from others. Two themes represented the impact of CD on members’ lives: impaired social interaction and loss of identity. Group members described broad impairments in daily functioning that significantly and negatively impacted their quality of life, indicating CD symptoms may play a more prominent role in the FM experience than previously understood. An infographic is included to aid patient education and help facilitate patient-provider discussions of CD symptoms.
Orthogonal Targeting of SAC1 to Mitochondria Implicates ORP2 as a Major Player in PM PI4P Turnover
Authors: Doyle Colleen P. , Rectenwald Andrew , Timple Liz , Hammond Gerald R. V.
Published: February 2024

Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) 5 and 8 have been shown to deplete the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at sites of membrane contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM). This is believed to be caused by transport of PI4P from the PM to the ER, where PI4P is degraded by an ER-localized SAC1 phosphatase. This is proposed to power the anti-port of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids from ER to PM, up their concentration gradient. Alternatively, ORPs have been proposed to sequester PI4P, dependent on the concentration of their alternative lipid ligand. Here, we aimed to distinguish these possibilities in living cells by orthogonal targeting of PI4P transfer and degradation to PM-mitochondria contact sites. Surprisingly, we found that orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to mitochondria enhanced PM PI4P turnover independent of targeting to contact sites with the PM. This turnover could be slowed by knock-down of soluble ORP2, which also has a major impact on PM PI4P levels even without SAC1 over-expression. The data reveal a role for contact site-independent modulation of PM PI4P levels and lipid antiport.
Experimental study and modeling of laser micro texturing of Nitinol
Authors: Sharma Prasenjit , Purushothaman Sangeeth , Sachdeva Meenu , Srinivas M. Shanmuka , Venkaiah N. , Ramkumar J. , Shankar Mamilla Ravi
Published: February 2024

The unique material properties of Nitinol have led to its extensive use in the biomedical field and microdevices. However, the machining of Nitinol remains a challenge due to its exceptional mechanical properties. This led to the use of a non-conventional machining process, of which laser machining proved to be most suitable and promising due to its versatility. To understand the process, the sample was irradiated by a laser beam over a straight line. An analytical model attempts to understand the process and predict the minimum process parameters necessary to conduct the machining process. The results are compared experimentally, wherein the influence of laser power and scan speed over the surface morphology, hardness, and groove dimensions are studied in detail. The optimum process signature was 90 W of laser fluence with a 100 mm/s scanning speed.
Are Supra-Physiological Plant-Based Antioxidants Ready for the Clinic? A Scoping Review of Hormetic Influences Driving Positive Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wendt Julie , Knudsen Benjamin , Frame Leigh A.
Published: February 2024

Background: A pro-inflammatory metabolic state is key to the chronic disease epidemic. Clinicians’ ability to use nutrients to balance inflammation via oxidant homeostasis depends on the quality of antioxidants research. Understanding the intersection of two prominent theories for how antioxidants quell inflammation—nutritional hormesis and oxidant scavenging—will enable therapeutic antioxidant use in clinical practice.

Purpose: We sought to survey the literature to answer the question: has the hormetic response of exogenous antioxidants been studied in humans and if so, what is its effect

Research Design: This review investigates the less well-established theory, nutritional hormesis. To understand the state of hormetic response research, we conducted a literature review describing the relationship between exogenous antioxidants, hormesis, and chronic disease. We used an adaptive search strategy (PubMed and Scopus), retrieving 343 articles, of which 218 were unique. Most studies reviewed the hormetic response in plant and cell models (73.6%) while only 2.2% were in humans.

Results: Given the limited robust evidence, clinicians lack research-based guidance on the appropriate therapeutic dose of exogenous antioxidants or, more concerning, supra-physiological dosing via supplements. A critical hurdle in searching the literature is the lack of standardized nomenclature describing the hormetic effect, challenging the ability of clinicians to make informed decisions.

Conclusion: Non-human research shows a biphasic, hormetic relationship with antioxidants but observational studies have yet to translate this into the complexities of human biochemistry and physiology. Therefore, we cannot accurately translate this into clinical care. To remedy this insufficiency, we suggest: (1) Improved data collection quality: controlled diet, standardized antioxidant measurements, bioavailability assessed via biomarkers; (2) Larger, harmonized datasets: research subject transparency, keyword standardization, consensus on a hormesis definition.
Diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading infectious retinitis by retinal biopsy
Authors: Nguyen Nam V. , Khan Farid , Cannon Andrew , Huang Ye , Kim Lucas , Xu Rena , Rishi Pukhraj , Conrady Christopher D. , Greiner Timothy C. , Yuil-Valdes Ana , Yeh Steven
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as infectious retinitis that was diagnosed via a retinal biopsy.

Observations

A 72-year-old female patient was referred to our ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of retinitis and vasculitis in the right eye (OD). On examination, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were hand motions OD and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). Fundus examination revealed optic disc edema and diffuse retinal whitening superior to the superotemporal arcade OD. Given the high suspicion of infectious retinitis, the patient was treated with intravitreal foscarnet, systemic acyclovir, and oral prednisone and underwent a comprehensive uveitis workup, which was unremarkable for viral and autoimmune entities. Given the patient’s history of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement, vitreoretinal lymphoma was suspected, prompting pars plana vitrectomy with a retinal biopsy. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry results were consistent with B-cell lymphoma, and the patient was treated with high-dose methotrexate and rituximab. At 5-month follow-up, BCVAs were hand motions OD and 20/30 OS, and fundus examination demonstrated disc edema with resolution of retinal whitening OD. She responded well to the treatment with regression of vitreoretinal lymphoma on examination and is being monitored closely for lymphoma recurrence.

Conclusions and importance

Although uncommon, patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma may masquerade as infectious retinitis, and vitreoretinal lymphoma should be suspected when refractory to antiviral therapy and in the setting of a negative workup for viral etiologies. Vitrectomy with retinal biopsy may be considered to aid the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma although careful consideration of the risks and benefits is warranted.
Expression of the immune checkpoint molecules CD226 and TIGIT in preeclampsia patients
Authors: Li Cui , Liu Haiyan , Duan Zhongliang
Published: February 2024

Background

Imbalanced immune responses are involved in developing preeclampsia (PE). We wish to explore the expression and potential changes of immune checkpoint molecules TIGIT, CD226 and CD155 in PE patients.

Methods

The expression of the immune checkpoint molecules TIGIT, CD226 and CD155 in different lymphocyte subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry in 24 patients with PE and compared to 24 healthy pregnant women of the same gestational age as the controls.​Serum CD155 was detected by ELISA in the patients with PE compared to controls.

Results

The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of PE patients were not significantly different from those of the controls, whereas the regulatory T cells (Tregs) in PE patients were significantly lower than those in controls (6.43 ± 1.77% vs. 7.48 ± 1.71%, P = 0.0420). The expression of TIGIT and CD226 showed different percentages on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Treg cells. However, the difference in the percentages of TIGIT, CD226 on these T cells between the two groups was not statistically significant. The level of CD155 in peripheral serum of PE patients was 6.64 ± 1.79 ng/ml, which was not significantly different from that in the control group 5.61 ± 1.77 ng/ml, P = 0.0505. The present results demonstrate that TIGIT, CD226 and CD155 are not present at altered immune conditions in the peripheral blood of patients with PE, compared with normal pregnant women.

Conclusion

The immune checkpoint molecules TIGIT, CD226 and CD155 are not abnormally expressed in PE patients.
Health-related physical fitness, physical activity and its correlates among school going adolescents in hilly state in north India: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Kumari Ranjeeta , Nath Bhola , Singh Yogesh , Mallick Rupsha
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Health-related physical fitness, which includes body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, and strength are associated with risks of chronic diseases and promote good health and wellness. There have been reports of increasing levels of physical inactivity among children and adolescents, leading to increasing rates of obesity and decreased physical fitness. The present study was conducted among school going adolescents to estimate the levels and correlates of PF for timely intervention.

Methodology

School based cross-sectional study was done among students of class 8-11th in Government schools of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. Multistage stratified random sampling was applied for recruitment of study participants. We recruited a final sample size of 634 students. Validated questionnaires and standard methods for assessment of physical fitness, physical activity levels and other variables such as waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and hemoglobin estimation were done.

Results

Average and above average cardiorespiratory fitness score as per Harvard step test among boys (54.3%) was significantly higher as compared to girls (21.3%) (χ2 = 88.93, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between gender and dominant handgrip strength (χ2 = 8.02, p = 0.01) as well as between gender and Shoulder stretch test (SST) of dominant (χ2 = 17.5, p < 0.05) as well as nondominant arm (χ2 = 13.5, p < 0.05). Sit and reach test results also showed a significant association with gender (χ2 = 27.17, p < 0.001). Gender, hemoglobin level, BMI and PAL scores significantly predicted cardiorespiratory fitness scores (R2 = 0.188, F value of the model = 37.69, p =< 0.001)).

Conclusion

Physical fitness of school going adolescents in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand was better than other parts of India, with significant gender differences. Physical activity levels (PAL) were poor and are also a significant predictor of physical fitness. More emphasis needs to be paid on the health and fitness of girl students. School based policies to increase PAL among students through innovation and rewards may go a long way in improving the long-term health of the students.
Reduction by air purifier of particulate concentration during orthodontic procedures: a pilot study
Authors: Martín-Quintero Inmaculada , Cervera-Sabater Alberto , Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann Jorge , Aragoneses-Lamas Juan Manuel , Flores-Fraile Javier , Santos-Marino Juan
Published: February 2024

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised awareness of the importance of air quality. This pilot study arose from the need to reduce the concentration of particulate matter in the dental office during orthodontic procedures. To evaluate the efficacy of using an air purifier during orthodontic care in the dental office to reduce the concentration of ambient particulate matter.

Results

Significant reductions in particle numbers were obtained for all particle sizes except the largest particles counted (10 μm) through use of the air filter. A marked association between higher humidity levels and higher particle counts was also observed.

Conclusions

Using an air purifier during dental care achieves a significant reduction in the concentration of ambient particles in the dental office. There is a correlation between higher relative humidity and higher particle concentration. The probability of obtaining a maximum particulate concentration level of 0.3 and 0.5 μm is 1000 times lower when using an air purifier.