bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Glycan Presentation in Liquid‐Ordered or ‐Disordered Membrane Phases and its Effect on Lectin Binding
Authors: Blawitzki Luca‐Cesare , Monzel Cornelia , Schmidt Stephan , Hartmann Laura
Published: October 2024

Glycan‐protein interactions play a key role in various biological processes from fertilization to infections. Many of these interactions take place at the glycocalyx—a heavily glycosylated layer at the cell surface. Despite its significance, studying the glycocalyx remains challenging due to its complex, dynamic, and heterogeneous nature. This study introduces a glycocalyx model allowing for the first time to control spatial organization and heterogeneity of the glycan moieties. Glycan‐mimetics with lipid‐moieties that partition into either liquid‐ordered (Lo, lipid rafts) or liquid‐disordered (Ld) phases of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which serve as simplified cell membrane models mimicking lipid rafts, are developed. This phase‐specific allocation allows controlled placement of glycan motifs in distinct membrane environments, creating heteromultivalent systems that replicate the natural glycocalyx's complexity. We show that phase localization of glycan mimetics significantly influences recruitment of protein receptors to the membrane. Glycan‐conjugates in the ordered phase demonstrate enhanced lectin binding, supporting the idea that raft‐like domains facilitate stronger receptor interactions. This study provides a platform for systematically investigating spatial and dynamic presentation of glycans in biological systems and presents the first experimental evidence that glycan accumulation in lipid rafts enhances receptor binding affinity, offering deeper insights into the glycocalyx‘s functional mechanisms.
Oxyanions Enhancing Crystallinity of Reconstructed Phase for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Wen Qunlei , Huang Danji , Lin Yu , Zhao Niandan , Tang Lan , Li Ming , Liu Youwen , He Rongxing
Published: October 2024

The catalysts were always undergoing continuous amorphization and dissolution of active structure in operating condition, hindering the compatibility between stability and activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we propose the selective adsorption of leached NO3− to strengthen the crystallinity and activity of surface reconstructed layer with amorphous and crystalline (a‐c) heterojunction. Taking a‐c Ni doped Fe2O(OH)3NO3 ⋅ H2O (Ni−FeNH) as a model precatalyst, we uncover that the leached NO3− are readily adsorbs on the crystalline phase in the formed a‐c Fe(Ni)OOHduring OER, lowering the disorder degree and further activating Ni and Fe ion of the crystalline Fe(Ni)OOH on a‐c heterojunctions. Accordingly, Ni−FeNH deliver a low overpotential of 303 mV and high durability of 500 hours at 500 mA cm−2 for OER. Particularly, constructing industrial water electrolysis equipment exhibits high stability of 100 hours under a high operating current of 8000 mA.
Structural Aspects, Binding Interactions, Biological Activity of Co(II)‐ and Ni(II)‐N′‐(2‐fluorobenzoyl)benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐carbohydrazide Chelatess
Authors: Karupothula Srilaxmi , Sivan Sree Kanth , Berley Sireesha
Published: October 2024

N′‐(2‐Fluorobenzoyl)benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐carbohydrazide (OFBBTCH, HL) and its chelates with Co(II) and Ni(II) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultra‐violet visible (UV–vis), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X‐ray diffraction. The conductance measurements reveal that the chelates are non‐electrolytic, and the spectral analysis indicates octahedral geometry of the chelates. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were obtained by Coats–Redfern relations, which shows positive Gibbs's free energy and negative entropy for both chelates. The equilibrium studies carried out by pH‐metry revealed the dissociation constant (pKa) of OFBBTCH as 8.13 and the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 Co(II)‐L and Ni(II)‐L complexes in solution. The CT‐DNA binding studies carried out by electron absorption, fluorescence quenching, steady state emissions and viscosity studies revealed hyperchromism and groove binding for HL and chelates. The Kb values calculated from electron absorption studies are 2.4 × 106, 4 × 106, and 9 × 106 M−1, from the fluorescence quenching studies Ksv values are 0.1722, 0.278, and 0.748 M−1, and Kapp values are 5.9 × 104, 1.3 × 105, and 2.9 × 105 M−1 for HL, Co(II)‐OFBBTCH and Ni(II)‐OFBBTCH, respectively. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) binding interactions were carried out by electron absorption and fluorescence quenching studies. The light switching properties of the chelates, the hydrolytic and oxidative cleavage of CT‐DNA, and the antioxidant properties were evaluated. Anti‐microbial studies carried out by pour plate method showed high activity for Ni(II)‐OFBBTCH chelate. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was performed for HeLa and MCF cell lines by MTT assay. Molecular docking studies revealed the docking of HL and Co(II)‐HL at the minor groove, and Ni(II)‐HL was docked at the major groove with hydrogen bonding.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Potency, and Molecular Docking of Co2+, Ni2+, and Pd2+ Complexes Derived From Carbohydrazone Ligand and Its Application in Dye Removal
Authors: El‐Helw Mohab A. , El‐Ayaan Usama I. , Abou El‐Reash Yasmeen G. , Abu El‐Reash Gaber M.
Published: October 2024

As a result of the Schiff base condensation reaction between carbohydrazide and 4‐aminoacetophenone, novel HL ligand [(Z)‐N′‐((Z)‐1‐(4‐aminophenyl)ethylidene)‐2‐(1‐(4‐aminophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine‐1‐carbohydrazide] and three coordination compounds were successfully obtained with the formulas of [Co2(L)(Cl)3(H2O)].Cl, [Ni2(L)(Cl)2(H2O)2].Cl.H2O, and [Pd (HL)(Cl)(H2O)].Cl, the obtained structures were analyzed using analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), NMR, UV–Vis, molar conductivity, elemental analysis, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Additionally, thermal stabilities, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters were estimated utilizing thermogravimetric analysis. The structures were confirmed through quantum chemical computations. The antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial biological efficacies of the ligand and its metal chelates were assessed. The ligand shows optimistic results as an antioxidant, while Co2+ and Pd2+ complexes showed the highest antimicrobial activities. The DNA binding affinity and cleavage of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectrum of ligand in the absence and presence of Co2+ was recorded in order to investigate the interaction affinity along with the limit of detection. Another application of this work is the removal of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from wastewater and reusability, through an inventive synthesis of a cellulose‐based material “LDC” Schiff base.
Ring‐opening copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone and δ‐valerolactone to cyclic polyesters by a bimolecular system
Authors: Wang ZiXuan , Zheng Hao , Cai Zhengchun , Xia Haian
Published: October 2024

Bio‐based plastics have received much attraction because they are an alternative to petroleum‐based plastics in recent years. Among them, aliphatic polyesters have garnered the most attention due to their excellent properties. Polyester is primarily synthesized through ring opening polymerization of monomer, and the catalysts used are mostly synthesized through “click” reaction in the laboratory, which exhibits inferior activity and little commercial value. Herein, a facile approach was developed for the synthesis of high molecular‐weight cyclic aliphatic polyesters, specifically poly(valerolactone‐co‐caprolactone) with varying compositions. This involved the ring‐opening copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and δ‐valerolactone (δ‐VL) in the absence of an initiator with commercial hydrogen bond donor triclorocarban and an organic base. The structure and properties of the prepared cyclic polyester were investigated using GPC, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, TOF‐SIMS mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results show that the molecular weight of cyclic polyester can rapidly exceed 40 kDa, with a PDI of approximately 1.10. In comparison to linear polyester, it has a higher melting point and superior thermodynamic properties, thus presenting greater application potential. Finally, based on nuclear magnetic resonance titration, the potential catalytic processes and mechanisms of bimolecular systems on monomers in different environments were discussed. This study not only offers new insights into the structure and properties of cyclic polyesters, but also presents novel bimolecular catalytic systems using commercial urea hydrogen bond donors for the synthesis of cyclic polymer polyesters.
The cognitive structure of gross anatomy knowledge in physiotherapy students
Authors: Besselink Allan
Published: October 2024

Cognitive structures are the mental representation of domain knowledge and its organization. A preliminary investigation of the cognitive structure of gross anatomy knowledge was conducted on physiotherapy students. The criterion‐related validation study examined two data modeling strategies (multidimensional scaling and Pathfinder networks) as potential visual and quantitative representations of cognitive structure. Two criterion standards were used: expert cognitive structure (concurrent) and the student's unit grade (predictive). The raw data for both data modeling strategies were generated from an online survey of paired comparisons of 20 anatomical structures and concepts relevant to musculoskeletal clinical practice. Convenience sampling was used to recruit first‐semester physiotherapy students (n = 31), gross anatomy course instructors (n = 4), and domain experts (n = 3) who completed the online survey. The results indicated moderate‐to‐high effect sizes, regarding the level of agreement (reliability, accuracy, and association) between student and expert cognitive structures. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the potential relationships with unit grades. Six predictor variables accounted for 68.9% of the variance in unit grade, indicating a large effect size. The results provide preliminary evidence of concurrent and predictive criterion‐related validity for using data modeling strategies to represent cognitive structure in this knowledge domain and population. Further research is indicated to assess the potential impact of this innovative use of data modeling strategies for cognitive structure mapping on gross anatomy education, adaptive learning, and competency‐based education, leading to the long‐term development of expertise.
One way or another: An optimal matching analysis of students' educational pathways and the impact of socioeconomic background and engagement
Authors: Vandelannote Isis , Demanet Jannick
Published: October 2024

Understanding social disparities in educational attainment requires understanding of students' decision‐making throughout their educational career. We focused on students' pathways throughout upper secondary and higher education (HE), identified common types of pathways and studied the role of SES as a determinant of students' pathways. Additionally, we researched the role of engagement for overcoming socioeconomic disadvantages in students' educational decision‐making. Using data from 965 Flemish students, optimal matching analyses identified seven distinct pathways throughout upper secondary and HE. While pathways largely mirrored the tracked structure of the Flemish educational system, there was considerable within‐track heterogeneity. Multinomial regression analyses demonstrated that even among the academic track students, socioeconomic background affected programme choice and long‐term academic success. Less engaged students were less likely to follow university pathways. Moreover, higher cognitive engagement decreased disadvantaged students' chances of ending up in typical vocational pathways.
Transfer learning Bayesian optimization for competitor DNA molecule design for use in diagnostic assays
Authors: Sedgwick Ruby , Goertz John P. , Stevens Molly M. , Misener Ruth , van der Wilk Mark
Published: October 2024

With the rise in engineered biomolecular devices, there is an increased need for tailor‐made biological sequences. Often, many similar biological sequences need to be made for a specific application meaning numerous, sometimes prohibitively expensive, lab experiments are necessary for their optimization. This paper presents a transfer learning design of experiments workflow to make this development feasible. By combining a transfer learning surrogate model with Bayesian optimization, we show how the total number of experiments can be reduced by sharing information between optimization tasks. We demonstrate the reduction in the number of experiments using data from the development of DNA competitors for use in an amplification‐based diagnostic assay. We use cross‐validation to compare the predictive accuracy of different transfer learning models, and then compare the performance of the models for both single objective and penalized optimization tasks.
Recent regulatory developments in EU Medical Device Regulation and their impact on biomaterials translation
Authors: Jurczak Klaudia M. , van der Boon Torben A. B. , Devia‐Rodriguez Raul , Schuurmann Richte C. L. , Sjollema Jelmer , van Huizen Lidia , De Vries Jean‐Paul P. M. , van Rijn Patrick
Published: October 2024

We envision this work to assist researchers and medical device developers (beside other stakeholders) to better understand biomaterial‐based medical device development and its approval process proposed by the new MDR and IVDR in the European Union, as more complex biomaterials emerge, with the MDR reflecting the progress in biomaterial discoveries. Additionally, insufficient international harmonization in regulatory laws and poor‐quality data reporting contribute to the problem. This review describes the possible reasons for a slowing biomaterials translational trend observed over the past decades, focusing on the European Market, and suggests a feasible approach for biomaterials‐based medical device translation into the clinic. Suitable solutions to upgrade biomaterial translation to the clinic have not yet been provided by the field: no additional hurdles should be imposed for researchers, clinicians, the medical device industry, and insurance companies, which all should collaborate on bringing innovative solutions to patients. The new MDR and IVDR represent a substantial advancement in ensuring patient safety and reflect a major step forward in healthcare. However, they should not constrain innovation in biomaterials‐based medical device development. Incorporating reverse engineering from patient safety and a ‘safe by design’ (SbD) strategy early into medical device development might lead to a smoother and successful approval process. A solid R&D phase, with an emphasis on device safety and performance assessment, is fundamental to ensure an effective transition into the clinic. We offer an overview of the recently implemented regulations on medical devices and in vitro diagnostics across the EU, describing a shifting paradigm in the field of biomaterials discovery. As more complex biomaterials emerge, suitable regulations will be necessary to keep bringing safe and well‐performing medical solutions to patients.
Seven New Aconitine‐Type Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Aconitum apetalum
Authors: Luo Yan‐Yan , Xu Jin‐Bu , Huang Shuai , Zhou Xian‐Li
Published: October 2024

Seven new aconitine‐type C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids, apetaldines K−Q (1–7), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 possess a unique 2‐(E)‐(2‐methylbut‐2‐enamido)benzoate moiety at the C‐18 position. Furthermore, cytotoxic activities of these diterpenoid alkaloids were also evaluated.
Estimating Anticancer Effects of Yohimbine in DMBA‐Induced Oral Carcinogenesis Hamster Model: Utilizing Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Techniques
Authors: Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Tabrez Shams , Altwaijry Nojood , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Ramu Arun Kumar , Ahmed Bakrudeen Ali
Published: October 2024

Yohimbine is a potent bioactive indole alkaloid, isolated from a variety of biological sources and has long been used as a natural stimulant and aphrodisiac, particularly to treat erectile dysfunction. However, some literature also points toward its anticancer effect in different experimental models. The current study aimed to address a clinical concern on the therapeutic utilization of yohimbine as a repurposed drug. We employed 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model juxtaposed with biochemical investigation of several detoxification and antioxidant markers, such as Cyt p450, Cyt b5, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S transferase (GST), DT‐diaphorase, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The immunohistochemical assessment of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin D1 expression were also performed to observe the effect of yohimbine on these markers. The hamsters treated with DMBA presented the growth of tumors in the buccal pouches, accompanied by significant changes in the liver and buccal mucosa levels of Phase I & II detoxification enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO). A significant rise in the range of 2‐ to 3.5‐fold was observed in Cyt p450, Cyt b5, and LPO in DMBA‐treated animals. However, oral administration of yohimbine significantly restored the LPO, antioxidant, and detoxifying enzyme activities. Additionally, the levels of COX‐2, IL‐6, PCNA, and cyclin D1 were also found to be downregulated by yohimbine treatment. In conclusion, yohimbine improved the biochemical and immunohistochemical markers of DMBA‐induced oral cancer and reverted to near normal values via ameliorating the underlying inflammation and oxidative stress conditions. Our study highlighted the potential of yohimbine as anticancer agent, especially against oral cancer and suggested its possible use as repurposed drug.
Cellular Phosphate Sensing and Anion Binding by an Azacrown‐Calixpyrrole Hybrid
Authors: Ray Debmalya , Sartori Austin R. , Radujević Aco , George Sandra M. , Postema Rick , Tan Xiaohong , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: October 2024

A hybrid receptor‐sensor for anions originating from the merging of positively charged ammonium moieties for electrostatic attraction/stronger binding of azacrowns with directionality of calixpyrrole hydrogen bond donors for selectivity is investigated. As demonstrated this hybrid receptor‐sensor shows a remarkable selectivity for orthophosphate even in the presence of other phosphates and anions found in cellular materials (Kassoc H2PO4−>H2P2O72−>AMP−≫ADP2− or ATP3− over halides, nitrate, or hydrogen sulfate; all Na+ salts in water) but also cellular polyphosphate or phospholipids. This selectivity is harnessed in a real‐time monitoring of cell lysis by lysozyme, which releases orthophosphate and other phosphates and anions from the cells. This sensitive (LOD 0.4 μM) fluorescence‐based microscale method compares favorably with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques but can easily be practiced in a high‐throughput screening (HTS) manner. The anion binding and selectivity in aqueous solutions were investigated by NMR and put in context with phosphate binding of the parent calix[4]pyrrole. The microscopic understanding of anion binding by the hybrid receptor was then obtained from a combination of density functional theory (DFT), classical molecular dynamics (MD) with explicit water solvation, and ab initio MD (AIMD) simulations. Correlating the NMR and fluorescence binding data with studies of solvation of the receptor, phosphate anion, and the resulting complex confirms the binding is largely driven by entropic component (TΔS) associated with receptor and anion desolvation.
Hirshfeld Atom Refinement (HAR) and Complementary Bonding Analysis of Lithium m‐Terphenylhydridoborates Containing B−H⋅⋅⋅Li Linkages
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Mebs Stefan , Grabowsky Simon , Hupf Emanuel , Beckmann Jens
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and characterization of the lithium m‐terphenylhydridoborates [Li(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)BH3]2 (1), Li(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2BH2 (2) and Li(OEt2)(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2BH2 (3) are reported. Hirshfeld Atom Refinement (HAR) of the experimentally obtained molecular structures by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography allowed the determination of the exact positions of the hydrogen atoms. The bond situations of the various B−H⋅⋅⋅Li linkages were investigated by a complementary bonding analysis using various methods including atoms in molecules (AIM), electron localizability indicator (ELI−D), non‐covalent interaction (NCI) index and the compliance matrix.
Total Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of the Antitubercular Natural Product Evybactin
Authors: Lysenko Vladyslav , Son Sangkeun , Theriault Monique E. , Slingerland Cornelis J. , Hauk Glenn , Cleenewerk Laurence , Speer Alexander , Berger James M. , Lewis Kim , Martin Nathaniel I.
Published: October 2024

The escalating threat posed by antibiotic resistance is a global concern and underscores the need for new antibiotics. In this context, the recent discovery of evybactin, a nonribosomal depsipeptide antibiotic that selectively and potently inhibits the growth of M. tuberculosis, is particularly noteworthy. Here, we present the first total synthesis of this natural product, along with a revision of its assigned structure. Our studies revealed a disparity between the structure originally proposed for evybactin and its actual configuration. Specifically, the 3‐methylhistidine residue present in the evybactin core macrocycle was found to be of the d‐configuration rather than the previously assigned l‐His(Me). Having addressed this, we further optimized our solid‐phase synthetic route to provide access to evybactin on a multi‐hundred‐milligram scale. Access to such quantities will allow for more comprehensive studies with this promising antibiotic.
Enhancing Software‐Defined Networking With Dynamic Load Balancing and Fault Tolerance Using a Q‐Learning Approach
Authors: Jain Ankit Kumar , Kumari Pooja , Dhull Rajat , Jindal Krish , Raza Shahid
Published: October 2024

The Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm represents a fundamental shift in networking by decoupling the control plane from the data plane in network devices. This architectural change offers numerous advantages, including network programmability and centralized management capabilities, which improve scalability and efficiency compared to conventional network architectures. However, the dynamic nature of network traffic presents overload challenges, both temporally and spatially, especially in multi‐controller SDN settings. To address these challenges, this paper presents an approach leveraging network traffic patterns for dynamic load balancing. The proposed framework optimizes migration strategies to reduce costs and enhance in‐packet request‐response rates. By exploiting load ratio variance across controllers, the architecture identifies optimal migration triplets, encompassing migration‐in and migration‐out domains by selecting a subset of switches. The architecture utilizes online Q‐learning technology to achieve optimal controller load balancing while minimizing associated expenses. The proposed approach ensures stability and scalability by imposing limits to maintain maximum efficiency and reduce migration conflicts. It iteratively converges to an optimal policy through a comprehensive set of simulations performed on switches under a wide range of load distribution situations. These results highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed methodology in addressing the intricacies present in dynamic network settings, encouraging further progress in the field of SDN technologies and their real‐world applications.
Job Scheduling in Hybrid Clouds With Privacy Constraints: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: He Haoyang , Gu Yan , Liu Qingzhi , Wu Hao , Cheng Long
Published: October 2024

With the proliferation of cloud computing and the escalating demand for extensive data processing capabilities, an increasing number of enterprises are embracing hybrid cloud solutions. However, as more businesses move toward hybrid clouds, the need for effective solutions to privacy and security concerns becomes increasingly important. Although current scheduling approaches for cloud computing have addressed privacy protection to some extent, few have adequately considered the unique challenges posed by hybrid clouds. To address this gap, we propose a novel approach for scheduling jobs in hybrid clouds that prioritizes privacy protection. Our approach, called PH‐DRL, leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to intelligently allocate jobs to virtual machines, optimizing both privacy and Quality of Service (QoS), while minimizing response time. We present the detailed implementation of our approach and our experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of PH‐DRL in terms of privacy protection compared to existing methods.
New appeals court case finds Title II does not allow for emotional distress damages
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: October 2024

In Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller P.L.L.C, 142 S. Ct. 1562 (2022), the United States Supreme Court held that emotional distress damages are not available under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 794), a statute enacted pursuant to the spending clause of the United States Constitution. The Court left open the question of whether emotional distress damages are available under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 U.S.C. 12135‐65).
New study explores developmental milestones for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2024

A new study published in the journal Pediatrics explored how to assess when children with Down syndrome should walk, talk, and meet other developmental milestones.
Current trends in micro‐supercapacitor devices
Authors: Paul Aparna , Murmu Naresh Chandra , Kuila Tapas
Published: October 2024

Recently, efforts have been made to design miniaturized energy storage devices according to custom requirements. The application of micro‐electronic equipment has increased significantly in information technology and biotechnology. Microelectromechanical systems, nanoelectromechanical systems, maintenance‐free wireless sensor networks, implantable medical devices, micro‐robots, and integrating energy conversion devices require micropower sources in small dimensions. Conventional supercapacitor devices cannot fulfill such high‐power demand, but miniaturization within the microscale helps enhance the working efficiency due to the shortening of diffusion path length. Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) in the micron to centimeter dimension range integrated with circuits and microelectronic components have gained great interest due to their high‐power density, high‐frequency response, and long cycling stability. Research on the design and fabrication of MSCs has progressed enormously. Integrating MSCs with other electronic units helps to achieve a highly efficient self‐powered system. This review presents a critical summary of the recent progress of novel materials for MSCs, fabrication methods, advanced design, and challenges in the MSCs industry.
A modified matrix model captures the population dynamics for the primary vector of Lyme disease in North America
Authors: Foster John R. , LaDeau Shannon L. , Oggenfuss Kelly , Ostfeld Richard S. , Dietze Michael C.
Published: October 2024

Lyme disease, the most prevalent tick‐borne disease in North America, is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and in the eastern and central United States, it is spread to humans by the black‐legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Due to the complex, multiyear and multihost life cycle of this species, a matrix modeling approach is needed to effectively estimate subseasonal, multistage survival and transition dynamics in order to better understand and predict when population growth is high. Of the three questing tick life stages (larvae, nymphs, and adults), nymphs are most often associated with transmitting the bacteria to humans, and previous work suggests a mix of abiotic and biotic drivers are associated with nymph abundance. However, understanding tick population growth requires understanding mortality and transition probabilities for each stage and each stage may be individually and uniquely impacted by climate and host availability. A larval tick, for example, may experience warming temperatures differently than nymph or adults, because they are present on the landscape at different times. Here, we describe and validate a model that accounts for field sampling design and evaluates abiotic (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and biotic (host abundance) drivers of variation in tick population growth. To account for the drivers of subseasonal and interannual variability in demography, phenology, and population density, we built stage‐structured population models that account for variability in meteorology and host population abundance throughout the full tick lifecycle. Our model is fit and validated with 11 years of tick and host data from the northeastern United States. In this context, we found that a four‐stage model that includes unique transitions to and from a dormant, overwintering nymph state outperforms a model that only includes the three questing stages, and that incorporating the abundance of the predominant host species, Peromyscus leucopus, and weather variables improved predictions and model fit. Additionally, the model accurately predicted all three questing stages at sites different than where they were calibrated, showing that this model structure is generally transferable. Overall, this model lays a foundation for the real‐time iterative forecasting of tick populations needed to effectively protect public health.
Investigation of motion response suppression characteristics in floating platforms equipped with novel spiral side plates
Authors: Jing‐mei Yu , Chun‐long Bai
Published: October 2024

To enhance the stability of floating wind turbine platforms, this study combines the structural characteristics of helical side plates and proposes the installation of serrated helical side plates on Spar wind turbine platforms. Based on potential flow theory, the present study employs blade element momentum theory and radiation‐diffraction theory. Upon establishing a dynamic data link library, wind‐wave coupling was implemented, and the dynamic response characteristics of platforms with different helical side plates were compared. The results indicate that in the frequency domain analysis, the platform with serrated helical side plates demonstrates reduced sensitivity to waves, with a particularly notable increase in added mass in the heave direction, suggesting excellent hydrodynamic performance. In the time domain analysis, improvements in the platform's surge and heave stability performances were observed, measuring 10.99% and 10.64%, respectively, in extreme conditions. Owing to the unique features of the serrated structure, the tension in the mooring chains on the wave‐facing side is reduced, thereby effectively lowering the fatigue load on the mooring chains.
Gymnema lactiferum: A Review of Its Traditional Applications, Phytochemical Constituents, and Biological Properties
Authors: Weerasinghe D. M. K. P. , Brough L. , Everett D. W. , Rashidinejad A.
Published: October 2024

Humanity has a longstanding reliance on natural plants for medicinal purposes, and Gymnema lactiferum (G. lactiferum) has emerged as a medicinal plant with deep‐rooted traditional usage. Throughout history, this plant has been an integral part of traditional medical systems, demonstrating diverse therapeutic effects. Notably, among these effects is its ability to decrease blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients, impart cooling effects, serve as an anabolic and rehydrating agent, stimulate spermiogenesis, and exhibit wormicidal properties. Furthermore, G. lactiferum has been used in treating conditions such as hemorrhoids cancers, anorexia, and as a cardiac stimulant. The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively gather and critically assess research findings regarding the medicinal properties of G. lactiferum, specifically emphasizing the bioactive compounds responsible for these properties. Previous studies have documented the presence of various phytochemicals in G. lactiferum, which are associated with some biological activities, including antioxidative, anti‐hyperglycemic, cholesterol‐regulating, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, this review explores potential future applications for this plant. Beyond its medicinal significance, extracts derived from G. lactiferum demonstrate promise for future nutritional applications. This review highlights the potential use of G. lactiferum as an herbal medicine by critically assessing research on its medicinal value.
Exploring internet addiction during Covid‐19 pandemic: a comparative study considering psychological, social, familial and individual aspects in University students
Authors: Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Karim Bardia , Gholami Zeinab , Khoshkhou Fatemah , Shirazi Fatemeh , Soghli Negar , Parvaneh Munire , Shirafkan Hoda , Khorshidian Faezeh
Published: October 2024

Background

Internet addiction causes a variety of social, interpersonal, psychological, and physical issues. We are confronting a worldwide crisis about internet addiction and its effects.

Objectives

Utilizing five questionnaires to survey university students during the COVID‐19 epidemic, the current study sought to evaluate internet addiction and associated risk variables.

Methods

At the University of Medical Sciences in North Iran, a cross‐sectional analytical investigation was carried out. The sample was done among 318 students, selected through the random cluster sampling method. Data collection was done during August and September 2021.

Results

Based on our findings, the prevalence of internet addiction was 28.9% (92/318). Our results revealed that women are at twice the twice the risk of internet addiction as men (p = 0.028). Students in the medicinal field (p = 0.043; students with a positive history of mental illness in the family) p = 0.001 (and students with a fear of COVID‐19) p = 0.002 (recognized in the risk of Internet addiction, thus depression) p < 0.001 (anxiety) p < 0.001 (somatization) p = 0.001 (and psychological distress) p < 0.001 are risk factors for internet addiction. Age, marital status, place of living, total social support, and use of Alcohol/cigarettes are not risk factors for internet addiction.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that university students with a fear of COVID‐19, depression, anxiety, somatization, psychological distress and a positive history of mental illness in the family, particularly medicinal field students, are at significant risk for Internet addiction.
Treatment response and clinical features of snakebite envenomation in Alborz province, Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Farajidana Hoorvash , Mosalamiaghili Seyedarad , Assadian Kasra , Jahangiri Soodeh , Masumzadegan Maryam , Sadeghi Farangis , Arani Lida shojaei
Published: October 2024

Background

Snakebite envenomation is a significant yet neglected public health burden. Our aim was to investigate the clinical and demographic factors of snakebite envenomation, as well as the factors associated with its severity and response to treatment, in Alborz province, northern Iran.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we included 50 patients diagnosed with snakebite envenomation, referring to the Poison Control Centre of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The presenting signs and symptoms, demographic data, treatment dose, response to treatment, complications, laboratory findings, and snakebite severity scale (SSS) were collected.

Results

Forty‐six patients (92%) were men, the total mean age was 31.7 ± 12.06 years, and mean SSS was 6.54 ± 3.39. The patients were admitted for a median of 2 days, and 11 patients needed ICU admissions. The majority of snakebites were in upper extremities (60%) and they mainly occurred in summer (56%). SSS was significantly associated with response to treatment, ICU admission, gastrointestinal adverse events, thrombocytopenia, and length of stay. Similarly, response to treatment was significantly related to the history of snakebite, ICU admission, gastrointestinal adverse events, thrombocytopenia, length of stay, and SSS.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal symptoms, higher severity scores, and longer hospital stays were associated with poor treatment response. Importantly, no mortality was observed in this cohort. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment strategies for snakebite management.
The integral role of high‐entropy alloys in advancing solid‐state hydrogen storage
Authors: Ding Zhao , Li Yuting , Jiang Han , Zhou Yang , Wan Haiyi , Qiu Junqi , Jiang Fangning , Tan Jun , Du Wenjia , Chen Yu'an , Shaw Leon L. , Pan Fusheng
Published: October 2024

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a groundbreaking class of materials poised to revolutionize solid‐state hydrogen storage technology. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between the unique compositional and structural attributes of HEAs and their remarkable hydrogen storage performance. By meticulously exploring the design strategies and synthesis techniques, encompassing experimental procedures, thermodynamic calculations, and machine learning approaches, this work illuminates the vast potential of HEAs in surmounting the challenges faced by conventional hydrogen storage materials. The review underscores the pivotal role of HEAs' diverse elemental landscape and phase dynamics in tailoring their hydrogen storage properties. It elucidates the complex mechanisms governing hydrogen absorption, diffusion, and desorption within these novel alloys, offering insights into enhancing their reversibility, cycling stability, and safety characteristics. Moreover, it highlights the transformative impact of advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling in unraveling the structure–property relationships and guiding the rational design of high‐performance HEAs for hydrogen storage applications. By bridging the gap between fundamental science and practical implementation, this review sets the stage for the development of next‐generation solid‐state hydrogen storage solutions. It identifies key research directions and strategies to accelerate the deployment of HEAs in hydrogen storage systems, including the optimization of synthesis routes, the integration of multiscale characterization, and the harnessing of data‐driven approaches. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis serves as a roadmap for the scientific community, paving the way for the widespread adoption of HEAs as a disruptive technology in the pursuit of sustainable and efficient hydrogen storage for a clean energy future.
SPAG4 enhances mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Jiehao , Sun Haobo , Zhou Hang , Liu Ying
Published: October 2024

Aerobic glycolysis plays a pivotal role in the progression of tumors. Previously, a glycolysis‐associated prognostic model in CRC was constructed and the glycolysis‐related gene SPAG4 was discovered to be upregulated in CRC and was correlated with adverse prognosis. To date, however, no study has elucidated the specific role of SPAG4 in the development of CRC. In our study, CRC cells were transfected with si‐SPAG4 or OE‐SPAG4 to evaluate the influence of SPAG4 silencing or overexpression on CRC cell malignant behaviors. CRC cell proliferation and metastasis were detected via CCK‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. The oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate of CRC cells were determined by using an XF24 extracellular flux analyzer. The expression of SPAG4, key mitochondrial markers (NDUFA1, SDHB, ATP5A, and PGC‐1α), key enzymes involved in glycolysis (GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, PKM2, and PFK1), and PI3K/Akt pathway‐molecules and downstream transcription factor HIF‐1α was assessed by RT‐qPCR and western blot analysis. SPAG4 expression in CRC and normal tissue samples was tested through immunohistochemical staining. Finally, SPAG4‐overexpressed CRC cells were treated with LY294002 to validate the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway on CRC cell malignant phenotypes. Our results showed that SPAG4 was upregulated in CRC cells and tissues, and high expression SPAG4 predicted shorter overall survival time. SPAG4 knockdown inhibited while SPAG4 overexpression enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, mitochondrial respiration, and aerobic glycolysis. Overexpressing SPAG4 elevated p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, p‐mTOR, and HIF‐1α protein levels, which were restored after LY294002 treatment. Furthermore, LY294002 abolished the promotion of SPAG4 overexpression on CRC malignant phenotypes. Collectively, SPAG4 plays an oncogenic role in CRC by promoting mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling. These findings suggest that inhibition of SPAG4‐mediated glucose metabolism may represent a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of CRC.
Explanatory Factors of the Accounting Choices for Investments Under IAS 27 of Listed European Union Entities
Authors: Ribeiro Maria , Gomes Dos Santos Paula , Albuquerque Fábio
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the explanatory factors of the accounting choices for investments of entities with securities traded on regulated markets from the European Union (EU) under International Accounting Standards (IAS) 27—Separate Financial Statements (SFS). According to IAS 27, investments in their scope can be accounted for by using the cost, equity method, or fair value, which represents alternative accounting methods commonly known in the literature as accounting choices. To identify the factors that may explain the accounting choices for investments under IAS 27, a logistic regression model is used. The research covers listed entities from 19 out of the 21 EU countries where IAS 27 is required or permitted. The findings highlight that the entities’ size and investment weight likely explain the adoption of the cost method, conversely to the size of the board of directors, which negatively explains its use. Accounting choices for investments under SFS are not yet explored in the literature. Moreover, this research also proposes further explanatory factors in the scope of the literature on accounting choices. This paper can potentially benefit a diverse set of stakeholders, namely the accounting standard‐setters, as they can draw attention to the comparability issues from the use of accounting choices, which may mitigate the financial information usefulness for decision‐making. Furthermore, auditors, supervisors, as well as investors and other users, can have a more comprehensive perspective of the reasons behind the method chosen by entities for accounting for their financial investments.
Alignment rod and gap measurement methods achieve comparable alignment correction in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for varus osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Onishi Shintaro , Kim Youngji , Nakayama Hiroshi , Jacquet Christophe , Mabrouk Ahmed , Ollivier Matthieu
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare clinical and radiological outcomes of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) using two different alignment methods: the alignment rod (AR) versus the gap measurement (GM) method. The primary outcome was to report the surgical accuracy of coronal plane corrections in each method.

Methods

Patients who underwent MOWHTO with either AR or GM method between 2014 and 2022 at a single institution, with a minimum of 2 years of follow‐up, were included. The opening gap was gradually spread with an AR under fluoroscopic control in the AR group, whereas the osteotomy site was opened to the value of the measured gap distance in addition to the thickness of the bone saw in the GM group. Radiological assessment of geometric characteristics included hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and joint line convergence angle. Surgical accuracy, which is the deviation (Δ) between the intended and achieved correction, was compared between both methods. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores.

Results

A total of 110 patients (n = 110 knees) with a mean age of 54.1 ± 8.4 years were included in the study. Radiological parameters were significantly improved as reflected by HKA correction from 171.6° ± 2.0° to 181.1° ± 2.6° in the AR group and from 171.0° ± 2.3° to 181.1° ± 2.8° in the GM group at 2 years (Intergroup n.s). There was no significant intergroup difference for all radiological parameters and clinical outcomes. There was no intergroup difference in the surgical accuracy as evaluated by Δvalues and absolute Δvalues of both HKA and MPTA (n.s).

Conclusions

Comparable correction accuracy was achieved in MOWHTO using either the AR or GM method. The GM method is simple and reliable in achieving the intended correction in MOWHTO.

Level of Evidence

Ⅲ retrospective comparative study.
Defensive Behavior and Integumentary Morphology of the Hairy Dwarf Porcupine Coendou spinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae)
Authors: Bessa Isabela Tanuri , Cancela Thais Marques , Ruiz‐Miranda Carlos Ramón , Nascimento Ana Lúcia Rosa do , de Carvalho Jorge José , Giné Gastón Andrés Fernandez , Rocha Vinicius Novaes
Published: October 2024

New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) exhibit behaviors and possess integumentary structures, including the quills, that are used for self‐defense. The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) has been well studied regarding these features; however, information is lacking for the South American Coendou species. We describe the defensive behavior and integumentary morphology of Coendou spinosus to understand the defensive strategies of this species and to compare with those reported for other species. We assessed the behaviors related to warning, defense, and escape of eight porcupines, as well as the characteristics of their pelage and quills. Furthermore, we microscopically analyzed skin samples of a roadkill adult male specimen. Similar to E. dorsatum, C. spinosus exhibited omnidirectional quill erection, revealing an aposematic color and, with their backs toward the perceived human threat, they performed quick tail and body movements to strike the hands of the human trying to capture them by the tail. Furthermore, C. spinosus presented an integumentary structure similar to that of E. dorsatum, and mechanisms to facilitate quill release when touched, penetration, and fixation in the opponent. The most distinct warning behavior noted was the vibration of the quills, which has not been reported for Erethizon. Our study confirms that, like other erethizontids, C. spinosus does not attack but exhibits warning, defense, and escape mechanisms and behaviors when threatened or touched. The dissemination of such information helps to counter the negative stigma associated with porcupines, as they can be the victims of attacks by dogs and humans, and to promote their conservation.