bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe neonatal hypotonia due to SLC30A5 variant affecting function of ZnT5 zinc transporter
Authors: Dolgin Vadim , Chabosseau Pauline , Bistritzer Jacob , Noyman Iris , Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Wormser Ohad , Hadar Noam , Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Kanengisser‐Pines Bibi , Narkis Ginat , Abramsky Ramy , Shany Eilon , Rutter Guy A. , Marks Kyla , Birk Ohad S.
Published: January 2025

The tightly‐regulated spatial and temporal distribution of zinc ion concentrations within cellular compartments is controlled by two groups of Zn2+ transporters: the 14‐member ZIP/SLC39 family, facilitating Zn2+ influx into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space or intracellular organelles; and the 10‐member ZnT/SLC30 family, mobilizing Zn2+ in the opposite direction. Genetic aberrations in most zinc transporters cause human syndromes. Notably, previous studies demonstrated osteopenia and male‐specific cardiac death in mice lacking the ZnT5/SLC30A5 zinc transporter, and suggested association of two homozygous frameshift SLC30A5 variants with perinatal mortality in humans, due to hydrops fetalis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We set out to decipher the molecular basis of a severe hypotonia syndrome. Combining homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing studies of consanguineous Bedouin kindred, as well as transfection experiments and zinc monitoring in HEK293 cells, we demonstrate that a bi‐allelic in‐frame 3bp deletion variant in SLC30A5, deleting isoleucine within the highly conserved cation efflux domain of the encoded ZnT5, results in lower cytosolic zinc concentrations, causing a syndrome of severe non‐progressive neonatal axial and limb hypotonia with high‐arched palate and respiratory failure. There was no evidence of hydrops fetalis, cardiomyopathy or multi‐organ involvement. Affected infants required nasogastric tube or gastrostomy feeding, suffered from various degrees of respiratory compromise and failure to thrive and died in infancy. Thus, a biallelic variant in SLC30A5 (ZnT5), affecting cytosolic zinc concentrations, causes a severe hypotonia syndrome with respiratory insufficiency and failure to thrive, lethal by 1 year of age.
Vascular and Osteological Morphology of Expanded Digit Tips Suggests Specialization in the Wandering Salamander (Aneides vagrans)
Authors: Brown Christian E. , Goldenberg William P. , Hinds Olivia M. , O'Donnell Mary Kate , Staub Nancy L.
Published: January 2025

For over a century researchers have marveled at the square‐shaped toe tips of several species of climbing salamanders (genus Aneides), speculating about the function of large blood sinuses therein. Wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans) have been reported to exhibit exquisite locomotor control while climbing, jumping, and gliding high (88 m) within the redwood canopy; however, a detailed investigation of their digital vascular system has yet to be conducted. Here, we describe the vascular and osteological structure of, and blood circulation through, the distal regions of the toes of A. vagrans using histology in tandem with live‐animal videos. Specifically, we sectioned a toe of A. vagrans at 0.90 μm, embedded it in Spurrs resin, and stained the tissue with toluidine blue. An additional three toes were sectioned at 10 μm, embedded in paraffin, and after sectioning and mounting, treated with Verhoeff and Quad stains. For living salamanders, we recorded real‐time videos of blood flowing within individual toes upon a translucent surface oriented both horizontally (0°) and vertically (90°) to simulate both prostrate and vertical clinging scenarios, then analyzed the image sequences using ImageJ. We found that the vascularized toe tips have one large sinus cavity that is divided more proximally into two chambers via a septum, and there are mucous and granular glands in the dorsal and dorsolateral integument of the digit tips. Live‐animal trials revealed variable sinus‐filling both within and between toes, seemingly associated with variable pressure applied to the substrate when standing, stepping, clinging, and climbing. We conclude that A. vagrans, and likely other climbing salamanders, can functionally fill, trap, and drain the blood in their vascularized toe tips to optimize attachment, detachment, and complex arboreal locomotion (e.g., landing after gliding flight). Such an adaptation could provide insights for bioinspired designs.
Computer‐Aided Detection (CADe) and Segmentation Methods for Breast Cancer Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Jannatdoust Payam , Valizadeh Parya , Saeedi Nikoo , Valizadeh Gelareh , Salari Hanieh Mobarak , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza , Gity Masoumeh
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer continues to be a major health concern, and early detection is vital for enhancing survival rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key tool due to its substantial sensitivity for invasive breast cancers. Computer‐aided detection (CADe) systems enhance the effectiveness of MRI by identifying potential lesions, aiding radiologists in focusing on areas of interest, extracting quantitative features, and integrating with computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) pipelines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of CADe systems in breast MRI, focusing on the technical details of pipelines and segmentation models including classical intensity‐based methods, supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) approaches, and the latest deep learning (DL) architectures. It highlights recent advancements from traditional algorithms to sophisticated DL models such as U‐Nets, emphasizing CADe implementation of multi‐parametric MRI acquisitions. Despite these advancements, CADe systems face challenges like variable false‐positive and negative rates, complexity in interpreting extensive imaging data, variability in system performance, and lack of large‐scale studies and multicentric models, limiting the generalizability and suitability for clinical implementation. Technical issues, including image artefacts and the need for reproducible and explainable detection algorithms, remain significant hurdles. Future directions emphasize developing more robust and generalizable algorithms, integrating explainable AI to improve transparency and trust among clinicians, developing multi‐purpose AI systems, and incorporating large language models to enhance diagnostic reporting and patient management. Additionally, efforts to standardize and streamline MRI protocols aim to increase accessibility and reduce costs, optimizing the use of CADe systems in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence

NA

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Dynamic Changes and Trends of SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies Induced by Infection and Vaccination Across Multiple Time Points
Authors: Zhang Shihan , Kong Xiaoxiao , Zhen Qian , Wei Ye , Shi Chao , Ding Songning , Chen Liling , Dong Chen , Tian Hua , Li Chuchu , Zhou Lu , Zhang Yazhen , Zhu Fengcai , Hu Jianli , Bao Changjun , Jin Hui , Xu Ke , Zhu Liguo
Published: January 2025

As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues, increasingly complex vaccination and infection histories have made it urgent to investigate the antibody dynamics in populations with hybrid immunity. This study aimed to explore the multi‐time‐point dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody levels in a community‐based population in Jiangsu Province, China, following the Omicron BA.5 wave, as well as the long‐term persistence of IgG antibodies nearly 2 years postinfection. A total of 2737 participants across Jiangsu Province were followed up at three different time points over a 6‐month period (December 2022–June 2023). Additionally, a cross‐sectional serological survey was conducted in October 2024, involving 230 participants to assess long‐term antibody persistence. We used generalized additive models to fit antibody dynamics curves, generalized linear mixed models to explore factors influencing antibody levels, and Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis to estimate cumulative seroreversion rates. Our findings revealed that, following the large‐scale Omicron BA.5 infections, over 85% of the population initially exhibited seropositive IgG levels. Older individuals (> 65 years) had significantly lower antibody levels and faster rates of decline compared to younger participants. Booster immunization reduced the risk of seroreversion by 59.79% (95% CI: 29.63%–76.46%), while individuals with multiple infections experienced slower antibody decay. In the cross‐sectional survey conducted 22 months postinfection, the IgG seropositivity rate remained high, exceeding 98%, indicating sustained immunity at the population level. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics and persistence of IgG antibody levels following large‐scale infection. The results underscore the importance of tailored booster immunization strategies to sustain long‐term immunity, especially in vulnerable groups like the elderly. Additionally, ongoing serological monitoring is essential for assessing population immunity and informing future vaccination strategies.
We Should Perform a Systematic Evaluation of the Placenta
Authors: Hernandez‐Andrade Edgar , Gerulewicz Donatella , Soto‐Torres Eleazar , Amro Farah H. , Oyelese Yinka , Papanna Ramesha , Sibai Baha M. , Blackwell Sean C.
Published: January 2025

Despite its critical importance, the placenta receives substantially less attention during obstetric ultrasound examinations compared to the fetus. The evaluation of the placenta is typically limited to determining its location within the uterus, particularly its relationship to the cervix. Abnormal placenta findings are the result of gross anomalies identified by chance during obstetric examinations, rather than from a systematic evaluation. Here we describe a standardized protocol evaluating four placental regions: 1) the uterine wall/decidua/chorion interface; 2) the amnion/chorion interface; 3) the placental body; and 4) cord insertion and marginal area, which can improve the identification of placental anomalies in all pregnant subjects.
Outcomes of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Ossicular Chain Reconstruction—A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Chee Y. , Yeo Brian S.Y. , Goh Xue Y. , Ngo Raymond Y.S. , Loh Woei S. , Kwa Eunice D.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The efficacy of the transcanal endoscopic approach in tympanoplasty, cholesteatoma removal, and stapedotomy is detailed. This study reviews evidence on the feasibility of endoscopic ossiculoplasty as a suitable alternative to traditional microscopic ossiculoplasty.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 19 June 2024 for articles comparing endoscopic and microscopic ossicular chain reconstruction.

Review Methods

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcomes assessed include air bone gap closure, pre‐operative and post‐operative air bone gap, pure tone audiometry, and word recognition scores. The secondary outcomes include operation time, surgical success, and surgical complications. These outcomes between microscopic and endoscopic techniques were pooled and compared as mean differences using a random‐effects model. The Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) and Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2) scale were adopted to assess for study bias in observational studies and randomized controlled trials, respectively.

Results

This study included five studies comprising 504 patients. While endoscopic ossiculoplasty had shorter operating durations (95% CI −42.97 to −1.57), it conferred comparable air bone gap closure (95% CI −0.34 to 3.76), post‐operative pure tone audiogram (95% CI 10.97–18.77), and surgical success. Additional qualitative strengths identified in endoscopic ear surgery include improvements in visualization, decreased need for supplemental incisions, excellent ergonomics, and reduced post‐operative pain.

Conclusion

Overall, endoscopic ossiculoplasty may confer comparable audiological outcomes to microscopic ossiculoplasty and may serve as a reasonable alternative surgical approach. Laryngoscope, 2025
From historians to forecasters: The potential of bivalve records to assess resilience and provide early warnings for marine tipping points
Authors: Arellano‐Nava Beatriz , Boulton Chris A. , Reynolds David J. , Butler Paul G. , Scourse James , Lenton Timothy M. , Halloran Paul R.
Published: January 2025

Amidst the ongoing climate crisis, the need for observation‐based prediction of environmental tipping points becomes increasingly urgent. Detecting loss of resilience within a system can provide early warnings for tipping points. This requires long, regularly spaced time‐series, characteristics that are rare among marine observational and proxy records. Due to their remarkable length and temporal resolution, records from bivalve shells offer a unique opportunity for assessing resilience in the marine environment. Here, we investigate the suitability of bivalve records for measuring changes in two resilience indicators, autocorrelation and variance. We find that increment‐width records typically considered robust can provide reliable resilience assessments. However, while autocorrelation is a generally robust indicator for increment‐width series, variance may exhibit biases mainly associated with age‐related effects. This work provides guidelines for obtaining reliable resilience assessments from bivalve records, unlocking their potential to provide early warnings for tipping points.
Chiral‐Gain Photonics
Authors: Lannebère Sylvain , Fernandes David E. , Morgado Tiago A. , Silveirinha Mário G.
Published: January 2025

This work presents an exploratory study of the potential applications of electrically biased materials that possess a nonreciprocal and non‐Hermitian electromagnetic response analogous to the electronic response of field‐effect transistors. The most distinctive feature of such materials is their chiral‐gain, meaning that their response can be active or dissipative depending on the handedness of the wave polarization. It is shown how the chiral‐gain can be harnessed to develop novel electromagnetic devices with unique properties such as chiral lasers, polarization‐dependent mirrors, and coherent‐perfect‐absorber lasers. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that materials with chiral‐gain can bypass a reciprocity constraint that typically limits the external coupling strength, thus facilitating the excitation of cavities with extremely large quality factors.
Antimicrobial Silicon Rubber Crosslinked with Bornyl‐Siloxane
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Songtao , Chen Xinyu , Xie Zixu , Zhang Pengfei , Bu Fanqiang , Huang Lifei , Zhao Dongdong , Wang Yuanhang , Liu Fang , Xie Wensheng , Li Guofeng , Wang Xing
Published: January 2025

Silicone rubber (SiR) has a wide range of medical applications, but it lacks antimicrobial properties, leading to potential infection issues with related implants or medical devices. Most studies focus on adding anti‐bacterial agents or surface modification, which usually result in composites with anti‐bacterial properties, rather than synthesizing SiR with intrinsically antimicrobial performances. To tackle this issue, a double substituted bornyl‐siloxane crosslinker (BC) is designed. This crosslinker can react with hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at room temperature to yield SiR with borneol side groups. The process is simple without using additional solvents. Antimicrobial assay on SiR cured with different ratios of BC/PDMS showed that 20 wt.% BC cross‐linked network exhibited outstanding anti‐bacterial adhesion (Escherichia coli 99.4%, Staphylococcus aureus 97.3%) performance and long‐lasting anti‐mold (Aspergillus niger over 99% for 30 days) adhesion properties. Moreover, the subcutaneous implantation model in mice demonstrated its excellent anti‐infection, biocompatibility and safety. Therefore, this material is promising for widespread adoption in the medical field, especially in silicon‐based products or coatings.
Direct Click Bonding of Dissimilar Solid Materials Based on the Catalyst‐Free Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Kanki Yusuke , Miyahara Koki , Yamamoto Shota , Ogawa Keiji , Kanemitsu Sayuki , Sakai Rika , Amo Hikaru , Morita Kenta , Nishino Takashi , Maruyama Tatsuo
Published: January 2025

Here, “direct click bonding” of solid materials is proposed, which is the direct bonding of solid surfaces via the formation of covalent bonds without any adhesive. The present study shows that the Cu‐free Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction proceeds between solid surfaces displaying cyclooctyne and azide groups, and it achieved the strong bonding of dissimilar solid materials as a macroscopic reaction. The bonding strength obtained is sufficiently high for practical use, and the strength can be controlled by the surface density of the cyclooctyne groups. The click bonding reaction proceeds at ambient temperature in water, an organic solvent, air, and vacuum without a catalyst or a byproduct. The bonding strength is kept more than 2 years. The click bonding works for different types of substrate materials as long as alkyne and azide groups are displayed on their surfaces. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements provide an evidence that the Cu‐free Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction proceeds between the solid surfaces through the click bonding.
Nicotine dependence based on the tobacco dependence screener among heated tobacco products users in Japan, 2022–2023: The JASTIS study
Authors: Kitajima Takuma , Hisamatsu Takashi , Kanda Hideyuki , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: January 2025

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are nicotine‐containing products similar to cigarettes and are widely used in Japan. However, there has been insufficient research on nicotine dependence associated with HTP use. This study investigated the association of the types of individuals who smoked with the prevalence of nicotine dependence. We utilized data from the Japan Survey on Tobacco and Health (JASTIS). A total of 7969 participants who currently smokes was selected from the 2022 and 2023 survey respondents for the analysis. Nicotine dependence was defined as a score of 5 or higher on the Tobacco Dependence Screener (TDS). The prevalence of nicotine dependence was 43.0% (3473/8077) among all participants who smoked, 42.9% (1479/3447) among those who used cigarettes, 44.2% (760/1720) among those who used two products, and 43.0% (1206/2802) among those who used HTPs. The prevalence of nicotine dependence was statistically higher in the participants who used two products than in cigarettes (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.33). When classified by temperature, participants who used of two products (high‐temp and low‐temp) and those using participants who used HTPs (high‐temp) had higher ORs for prevalent nicotine dependence (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14–1.51]) and (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.00–1.25], respectively) compared to participants who used cigarettes. Additionally, the ORs for prevalent nicotine dependence increased with the number of tobacco sticks smoked per day. These results suggest that HTP use, particularly high‐temperature HTPs use, and a higher number of tobacco sticks smoked is associated with nicotine dependence.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Trust on Substance Abuse Severity Among Incarcerated Stimulant Offenders in Japan
Authors: Omiya Soichiro , Shimane Takuya , Takagishi Yuriko , Kondo Ayumi , Kobayashi Michiko , Takahashi Masaru , Otomo Marie , Nakazawa Ayako , Matsumoto Toshihiko
Published: January 2025

Background

Treatment of stimulant offenders in Japan is an urgent issue. One of the more recent support approaches for stimulant offenders in Japan is to understand and support them based on a self‐medication hypothesis; however, the effect of trust on substance abuse severity among incarcerated stimulant offenders has not been examined. Additionally, while accounting for gender differences is essential when providing support for them, these differences have not also been examined.

Purpose

To investigate gender differences in the effect of trust on substance abuse severity in a national sample of stimulant offenders in Japanese prisons.

Method

Data from 586 incarcerated stimulant offenders who answered a nationwide questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the association between trust and the severity of substance abuse.

Results

Compared with men, women reported lower trust in others; moreover, their distrust in others and substance abuse severity were greater. After controlling for confounding factors, multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women, with trust as the independent variable and substance abuse severity as the dependent variable. The models for both men (R2 = 0.180, p < 0.001) and women (R2 = 0.236, p < 0.001) were significant. Trust in oneself influenced drug dependence severity for men (β = −0.183, p < 0.01), whereas distrust in others influenced drug dependence severity for women (β = 0.185, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that gender differences must be considered when supporting stimulant offenders in prison.
Holiday Weight Change in a US College Student Sample: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Yoo Hannah B. , Bigham Casen , Basu Tanisha , Akter Sharmin , Tsai Tiffany , Brown Alexis , Kiros Sara , Durai Shruthi , Brown Claire , Binks Martin
Published: January 2025

Objective

The November through January holiday period is often thought to produce weight gain, coined “holiday weight gain.” While this trend has been documented among early to midlife adults, it is less certain whether college students experience similar levels of weight gain during this period, as they undergo lifestyle changes (e.g., returning to their families of origin) that may differ from adults at later stages of development. Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to determine body weight and body composition changes during the holiday season in college students. The secondary aim was to examine the association of psychosocial variables with primary outcomes.

Methods

Participants included 47 undergraduate students. Body weight, body composition, and psychosocial variables were measured prior to Thanksgiving break and after returning from December to January break. Differences in body weight and body composition variables were determined using paired‐sample t‐tests. Associations of psychosocial variables with changes in primary outcomes were determined by Spearman's correlation coefficients and linear regressions.

Results

On average, college students experienced a 1.08% increase in body weight between study visit 1 in November and study visit 2 in January (0.74 ± 1.81 kg; p = 0.02). Lean mass increased (1.49 ± 3.21 kg; p = 0.01), while body fat % did not change (p = 0.12). Psychosocial variables were not significantly associated with or predictive of changes in body weight or body fat % (p's > 0.05).

Conclusions

College students gained a small, yet significant, amount of weight over the holiday period. Weight gain occurred alongside increases in lean mass but not body fat. Results provide important context to previous findings observing weight gain in college students and adults over the holiday season. Specifically, findings indicate a healthy increase in lean mass—a potential promotive factor in optimal health and wellbeing.
Long‐Term Weight Loss Outcomes in a Virtual Weight Care Clinic Prescribing a Broad Range of Medications Alongside Behavior Change
Authors: Clark Jennifer M. , Smith Brooke J. , Juusola Jessie L. , Kumar Rekha B.
Published: January 2025

Background

Virtually‐delivered obesity care has the potential to increase access to weight loss interventions at scale. While there is ample literature assessing various weight loss interventions, studies specifically demonstrating outcomes of commercial programs offering antiobesity medications in virtual care settings are lacking.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study assessed the weight loss outcomes of 66,094 participants in a virtual weight care program that prescribes antiobesity medications alongside a digital behavior change program. Outcomes included the primary endpoint of percent weight loss at 12 months, as well as absolute change in body weight, change in body mass index (BMI), categorical weight loss at three, six, and 12 months, and stratifications by program engagement and medication type (first vs. second generation antiobesity medications).

Results

At program enrollment, members were on average 42.6 years old and 91.5% female, with a BMI of 36.0 kg/m2. At 12 months, the mean percent weight loss was 8.0%, with weight loss increasing over time from 2.9 kg (SD = 3.7, Cohen's d = 0.8) at 3 months, to 5.8 kg (SD = 6.1, Cohen's d = 0.9) at 6 months, to 8.0 kg (SD = 8.7, Cohen's d = 0.9) at 12 months (p < 0.001 for all time points). At 12 months, 64.2% had achieved ≥ 5% weight loss. Weight loss outcomes increased with program engagement. At 12 months, those engaging at least once weekly lost 10.0% of body weight, while those logging weight at least weekly lost 12.0%.

Conclusion

This study provides real‐world evidence that users of a virtual commercial weight care clinic who were prescribed antiobesity medications achieved clinically significant weight loss at six and 12 months. These findings support the value of virtual platforms in efficiently scaling access to high‐quality weight care.
Piezoelectric Polymer Characterization Setup for Active Energy Harvesting
Authors: Cédric Lapeyronie , Anis Kaci , Sophie Barrau , Frédéric Giraud
Published: January 2025

Piezoelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), offer a sustainable alternative to traditional ceramic‐based energy harvesters, addressing concerns regarding environmental impact and resource scarcity. The energy harvesting ability of these PVDFs under various mechanical constraints has been widely investigated. To determine the power output of the material, most of the studies usually use the same electrical setup: the piezoelectric material is in series with a load resistor and the voltage is measured at the resistor's terminals. This usual “passive” method of measurement can underestimate the optimal value of energy harvesting ability. To accurately assess the energy harvesting potential of PVDF, a novel “active” measurement method is proposed. This method involves the simultaneous application of both mechanical and electrical stimuli to the PVDF film, enabling precise control and optimization of the energy harvesting process. To validate this approach, the structural and electrical properties of the stretched PVDF were initially characterized to produce a datasheet. Subsequently, the energy harvesting performance was investigated using both “passive” and “active” methods. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in power output, with the “active” method yielding up to 3.2 times higher values compared with the “passive” method. This finding highlights the importance of employing advanced measurement techniques to accurately characterize the energy harvesting capabilities of piezoelectric materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels to Removal Ionic Dyes and Their Biodegaration
Authors: Helal Ismail M. , Ahmed Sami Benhadj , Abdulrahim Mohamed Ragab
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), chitosan (CS) were syntheised via gamma irradiation at different radaition dose; 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 kGy. The syntheized hydrogels were chataerized by gelation (%), swelling (%), XRD, and SEM to confirm the hydrogel formations. The hydrogels were used to remove dyes of direct blue 1 (DB1), methylene blue (MB) from their aqueous soltions. The effect of contact time, feeding intial concentration and temperature were investigated. The adsorption of kinetics models such pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order, and Bangham were studied. The results of kinetics invetsiation showed that DB1 obeys pseudo second‐order, while MB obeys pseudo first‐order. Moreover, the adsorption iostherms of Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson isotherm, Sips isotherm, Hill isotherm were applied. The outcome results referred that both of DB1 and MB obey Langmuir model. Further, the Soil degradability test of pure hydrogels and hydrogels‐adsorbed DB1 and hydrogels‐adsorbed MB was carried out by burial under soil for 14 days. The results showed the pure hydrogels exposed rapid soil degradability than hydrogels‐adsorbed DB1 and hydrogels‐adsorbed MB. Furthermore, water‐holding capacity and water retention of sandy soils of hydrogels were studied. The results of water‐holding capacity and water retention showed that the hydrogels that prepared at 20 kGy is highest one than that prepared at 2.5 kGy is the lowest one.
Advances in examination methods for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Li Di , Wang Peikang , Zhang Man , Zhang Xinkai , Yao Hailun , Liu Xing
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of techniques for evaluating patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). It encompasses the history, clinical examinations, and diagnostic imaging methods for AIS. These methods include digital radiological examination, EOS® imaging, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, body surface topography techniques such as the Moiré pattern technique, raster stereophotography, and DIERS formetric 4D as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Traditionally, full‐spine standing X‐rays have been the standard for diagnosing AIS. High‐quality clinical assessments may continue as a reference for assessing other spinal deformities. However, the new diagnostic imaging methods aim to reduce radiation exposure while maintaining image quality and practicality. Emerging technologies demonstrate strong reliability and effectiveness in diagnostic imaging of AlS. These techniques may be beneficial for diagnosing and monitoring AIS and its progression without requiring high levels of radiation exposure. The article is a search and summary of the PubMed electronic database to understand the current and future status of AIS imaging technology, which can not only help to introduce other researchers to the field but also serve as a valuable source for healthcare professionals to study existing methods, develop new ones, or select evaluation strategies.
Phase structure, mechanical properties and failure behavior of compatibilized polylactide/polyamide 11 systems
Authors: Hajibabazadeh Sina , Ghaleh Hakimeh , Mazidi Majid Mehrabi , Razavi Aghjeh Mir Karim
Published: January 2025

Attempt was made to enhance the physical properties of fully bio‐based incompatible polylactide (PLA)/polyamide 11 (PA11) blend by using ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EBA‐GMA) as both compatibilizer and impact modifier. Interfacial energy measurements predicted that the EBA‐GMA would localize at the interface of components in PLA/PA11 samples. Morphological investigations demonstrated a combination of complete wetting and partial wetting phase structure for PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA (70/30‐x/x) systems containing 30 wt% modifier phases. When presented at 10–15 wt%, EBA‐GMA formed an interfacial layer around the minor PA11 phase domains and produced a fine dispersion of PA11 in the PLA. Increasing EBA‐GMA to 20 wt% led to a reduction in the degree of encapsulation of PA11 by EBA‐GMA, and a coarser dispersion of EBA‐GMA was also observed in the resulting ternary blend. Compatibility between the components of the PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA ternary samples was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The maximum impact toughness was achieved for PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA (70/15/15) blend, which exhibited the excellent dispersion state of both PA11 and EBA‐GMA phases in the PLA. Impact fractography revealed the generation of multiple voids and cavities either around the PA11 or inside the EBA‐GMA phase regions during the fracture process. The generation of such micro‐voids followed by their plastic growth during crack propagation activated plastic deformation of the PLA, serving as the primary source in the dissipation of impact fracture energy.

Highlights

The stacked formation morphology was observed in the PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA systems.

All the ternary samples showed ductile failure under tensile test.

Adding EBA‐GMA, remarkably enhanced impact toughness of the PLA/PA11 blend.

A superior stiffness‐toughness balance was achieved for all the ternary samples.
Comprehensive In Silico Analysis of Flavonoids in Breast Cancer Using Molecular Docking, ADME, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach
Authors: Rajesh Gupta Dheeraj , Apte Kavita , Abhirami P. V. , Anusha S. , Ranjitha A. , Kumar Shiv Basant , Sarvottam Kumar , Kumar Pankaj
Published: January 2025

The most frequent type of breast cancer in women is infiltrating ductal carcinoma, followed by infiltrating lobular carcinoma and triple‐negative breast cancer, which account for 10%–15% of cases. Since this disease is not aggressive in its early stages and thus does not flee with the breast duct with this perspective, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) was chosen with its relevance in stage 0 breast cancer as a primary target. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of 19 flavonoids against breast cancer. In addition, pharmacokinetics investigations, molecular docking, free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations were used to evaluate the molecular interactions, stability, and draggability between the phytoconstituents and the EGFR. The acquired results showed that myricetin, which has been compared to raloxifene, is the top docked score compound from the list of flavonoids; the docking score is −9.26 kcal/mol, and standard raloxifene showed −5.39 kcal/mol against epidermal growth factor receptor. The ADME profile shows the drug‐like properties. MD simulations revealed that the myricetin complex is more stable than the raloxifene complex, and pharmacophore modeling studies validated the hydrogen bonding interactions. The PASS online program predicted the biological spectrum of flavonoids against the breast cancer‐causing enzyme. Key parameters like RMSD, RMSF, RoG, hydrogen bonds, PCA, DCCM, and FEL analysis indicated better stability for myricetin. These results suggest that myricetin is a promising drug candidate against breast cancer.
Guidelines for Accurate and Precise Stable Isotope Analysis of Calcite, Dolomite, and Magnesite Using a Carbonate Device for Continuous Flow‐Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CF‐IRMS)
Authors: Kim Soujung , Kim Sang‐Tae , Knyf Martin
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Carbonate minerals are one of the most popular samples for an automated sample preparation system for CF‐IRMS, such as GasBench II and iso FLOW, but no standardized analytical protocols exist. This study gives guidelines on optimal analytic conditions for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Ca–Mg carbonates when using the carbonate–phosphoric acid reaction method.

Methods

Calcite (CaCO3–McMaster Carrara), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2–MRSI Dolomite), and magnesite (MgCO3–ROM Brazil Magnesite) with two grain size fractions (< 74 and 149–250 μm) were reacted with 103% (specific gravity of 1.92) phosphoric acid under He atmosphere in 12‐mL borosilicate glass vials to examine the full δ13C and δ18O evolution of acid‐liberated CO2 for an extended reaction time of up to 12–30 days at 25°C and up to 3–7 days at 72°C.

Results

At 25°C, the optimal reaction time of calcite is 1 day for both grain size fractions while the optimal reaction time of 2–10 day is suggested for dolomite with a grain size of < 74 μm. At 72°C, 30‐min to 12‐h or 45‐min to 12‐h reaction is optimal for calcite with < 74‐μm or 149‐ to 250‐μm grain size fraction, respectively, whereas dolomite requires 12‐h to 1‐day reaction for both grain size fractions. The only optimal condition for magnesite is 6–7 days of reaction with < 74‐μm grain size at 72°C.

Conclusions

To determine precise and accurate δ13C and δ18O values of a carbonate mineral using the carbonate–phosphoric acid reaction method, an optimal reaction time must be assessed for a given analytical condition to avoid nonequilibrium isotope effects and unnecessary oxygen isotope exchange of acid‐liberated CO2 in the carbonate reaction vessel. Our experimental result provides a guideline for the accurate and precise stable isotope analysis of Ca–Mg carbonate minerals.
Are the Seasonal Dynamics of Zooplankton Different Between Contrasting Climatic Zones in Brazil? A Comparison Between Tropical and Subtropical Rivers
Authors: dos Santos Picapedra Pablo Henrique , Fernandes Cleomar , Sanches Paulo Vanderlei , Baumgartner Gilmar
Published: January 2025

The unique environmental characteristics of the tropics and subtropics, including precipitation patterns, photoperiods and temperatures, can influence riverine zooplankton communities in contrasting ways. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton in tropical and subtropical rivers and compare the structure of zooplankton in response to distinct climatic conditions. To this end, we collected zooplankton samples from rivers located in two different climatic zones in Brazil (tropical and subtropical) during winter, spring, summer and autumn. Our results showed that testate amoebae and rotifers play a crucial role in zooplankton dynamics in both climatic zones, emerging as the predominant groups regarding density, species richness and diversity. In tropical rivers, seasonal variations in zooplankton are strongly influenced by temperature and flooding events, which affect total suspended solids, turbidity and pH. In subtropical rivers, zooplankton seasonal dynamics are closely linked to fluctuations in temperature and dissolved oxygen. We identified 142 zooplankton taxa, with the tropical zone comprising 125 taxa and the subtropical zone comprising 97 taxa. The results also revealed that tropical rivers had greater species richness and diversity than subtropical rivers. This disparity was primarily attributed to the higher temperatures, greater nutrient concentrations and lower thermal amplitudes in tropical waters compared to those in subtropical waters. Thus, it is evident that different climatic conditions have varying influences on riverine zooplankton dynamics, highlighting the need to consider regional characteristics in the management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
Beneficial effects persist 5 years after liming acid forest soils in West Virginia
Authors: Skousen Jeff , Fowler Jarrett , Gormley Loren , Holaskova Ida , Nottingham Adrienne , Connolly Stephanie
Published: January 2025

Acid forest soils in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), West Virginia, were limed at 10 Mg ha−1 by helicopter. Effects of liming were evaluated 1 and 5 years after liming by measuring pH, acidity, and aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in limed and unlimed soils. First‐year results were reported by Fowler et al. Unlimed soils had soil pH of 4.2, while limed soils had pH of 5.6 in O horizons 5 years after liming. Ca concentrations averaged 6.4 cmolc kg−1 without liming compared to 31 cmolc kg−1 5 years after liming. Soil acidity and Al concentrations in O horizons were five times lower in limed soils compared to unlimed soils after 5 years. The beneficial effects of liming these acid forest soils have persisted through 5 years.
Key Anodic Interfacial Phenomena and their Control in Next‐Generation Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Roy Kingshuk , Bhunia Manas K. , Karthik Pitchiah E. , Rana Ashutosh , Das Bidisa , Banerjee Abhik , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: January 2025

Advancing next‐generation battery technologies requires a thorough understanding of the intricate phenomena occurring at anodic interfaces. This focused review explores key interfacial processes, examining their thermodynamics and consequences in ion transport and charge transfer kinetics. It begins with a discussion on the formation of the electro chemical double layer, based on the GuoyChapman model, and explores how charge carriers achieve equilibrium at the interface. This review then delves into essential interfacial processes, including metal nucleation and growth, the development and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and ion movement across the interface. In addition, it analyzes the impact of different electrolyte solutions—such as low‐ and high‐concentration electrolytes and localized high‐concentration electrolytes—on these interfacial processes. The role of additives, co‐solvents, and diluents in modifying these interfaces is also covered. This review further evaluates techniques for characterizing the SEI layer, highlighting their strengths and limitations in both aqueous and nonaqueous battery systems. By comparing the challenges and opportunities associated with interfaces next‐generation nonaqueous metal battery systems, this review aims to offer new insights into their respective advantages and limitations, ultimately guiding the design and optimization of anodic interfaces to enhance the safety and efficiency of future energy storage technologies.
Electrochemical In Situ Characterization Techniques in the Field of Energy Conversion
Authors: Lin Hao , Yan Tian , Yang Qi , Lin Lin , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu
Published: January 2025

With the proposal of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals, the utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy has garnered increasing attention. Consequently, the development of corresponding energy conversion technologies has become a focal point. In this context, the demand for electrochemical in situ characterization techniques in the field of energy conversion is gradually increasing. Understanding the microscopic electrochemical reactions and their mechanisms in depth is a common concern shared by both academia and industry. Therefore, the development of electrochemical in situ characterization techniques holds critical significance. This paper comprehensively reviews electrochemical in situ characterization techniques in the field of energy conversion from three aspects: spectral characterization techniques of electrochemical reactions, characterization techniques for the spatial distribution of electrochemical reactions, and optical characterization techniques for the surface refractive index associated with the spatial distribution of electrochemical reactions. These characteristics are described in detail, and the future development direction of in situ characterization technology is prospected, with the aim of promoting the advancement of electrochemical in situ characterization technology in the field of energy conversion, facilitating energy transformation, and thus advancing the goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality.”
Contribution of crossing over to genetic variance in maize and wheat populations
Authors: Bernardo Rex
Published: January 2025

Crossing over breaks linkages and leads to a wider array of allele combinations. My objective was to assess the contribution of crossing over to genetic variance (VG) in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The contribution of crossing over to VG (denoted by PCO) was assessed by calculating VG without crossing over from the sums of marker effects on each chromosome and by estimating VG with crossing over from simulated doubled haploids that arise from meiosis. For maize yield, crossing over had positive contributions of PCO = 7% and 16% in two populations but it strongly decreased VG (PCO = −74% to −25%) in five other populations. The mean PCO was negative for moisture, test weight, plant height, and ear height. In wheat, the PCO values were all negative for five traits in the Louise/Penawawa population but were all positive for three traits in the Seri/Babax population. Negative PCO values were attributed to large differences between the sum of allelic effects on a homolog inherited from one parent and the sum of effects on the homolog from the other parent. Although crossing over most often decreased VG, the best simulated line (out of 10,000) with crossing over was usually superior to the best line without crossing over. Breeding progress will therefore continue to rely on finding individuals with increasingly rare, favorable crossovers amidst individuals with crossovers that are mostly unfavorable.
Enhancing genomic‐based forward prediction accuracy in wheat by integrating UAV‐derived hyperspectral and environmental data with machine learning under heat‐stressed environments
Authors: McBreen Jordan , Babar Md Ali , Jarquin Diego , Ampatzidis Yiannis , Khan Naeem , Kunwar Sudip , Acharya Janam Prabhat , Adewale Samuel , Brown‐Guedira Gina
Published: January 2025

Integrating genomic, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and environmental data enhances wheat yield predictions, with HSI providing detailed spectral insights for predicting complex grain yield (GY) traits. Incorporating HSI data with single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) resulted in a substantial improvement in predictive ability compared to the conventional genomic prediction models. Over the course of several years, the prediction ability varied due to diverse weather conditions. The most comprehensive parametric model tested, which included SNPs, HSI, and environmental covariates data, consistently achieved the best results, closely followed by machine learning (ML) approaches when considering the same omics data. For example, the most comprehensive model (M9), under the forward prediction cross‐validation scheme, predicted the GY of the 2023 growing season using data from 2021 and 2022 for a correlation between predicted and observed values of 0.53. This model demonstrated superior performance compared to less complex models, emphasizing the advantage of integrating numerous data sources and their interactive effects. Furthermore, when comparing the top 25% of the predicted lines versus the corresponding observed lines with the highest GY, the M9 model returned a coincide index (CI) of 55% (i.e., in both sets, 55% of the top 25% values were common), whereas for the highest performing ML model (gradient boosting regression), the CI was of 46%. This study highlights the potential of multi‐data source approaches to accelerate the selection of heat‐tolerant wheat genotypes.
Redesigning Author Study: Fanfiction and Early Elementary Literacy
Authors: Magnifico Alecia Marie , Lammers Jayne C. , Kennedy Francesca , Silva Bethany
Published: January 2025

Fans often express their love of authors or books by creating and sharing fanfiction, a genre wherein fans write new narratives that add to beloved works or take place in existing story worlds. In this article, we describe a kindergarten teacher's efforts to enhance students' foundational literacy skills by combining author studies with composing fanfiction. Pairing these practices throughout the school year can encourage kindergarteners to recognize textual patterns, playfully adapt these patterns, and compose their own stories and art. By playing with literacy, kindergarten fanfiction writers can begin to see themselves not just as readers, but authors.