bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hemophilia: A qualitative study of mothers’ perspectives
Authors: von der Lippe Charlotte , Frich Jan C. , Harris Anna , Solbrække Kari Nyheim
Published: November 2016

Background

In Norway, boys with hemophilia usually begin treatment after their first bleeding episode. Boys with severe hemophilia usually start prophylactic treatment around 18–24 months. Health professionals administer factor concentrate initially, but when boys are around 4 years old most parents start treating their children at home. There is a lack of research on how parents, and especially how carrier mothers, experience the medical treatment for their sons’ hemophilia. Our aim was to investigate how carrier mothers experience this treatment in the hospital setting and at home.

Methods

In this qualitative study, we interviewed 16 mothers of boys or men with hemophilia A or B. Data were collected via semistructured interviews and analyzed using an inductive thematic analytical approach.

Results

Mothers experienced both practical and emotional challenges in relation to their sons' treatment, and repeated venipuncture was especially difficult emotionally. Parents preferred home treatment to hospital treatment because it was less time‐consuming, less disruptive to family life, and provided a greater sense of control. Encountering healthcare professionals who were unfamiliar with hemophilia was a second major stress factor, especially when parents felt that health professionals lacked competence and were unwilling to seek advice.

Conclusion

While home treatment for hemophilia enables freedom, flexibility, and autonomy for the boys as well as for the family, mothers may experience treatment of hemophilia as a burden. Health professionals should provide tailored practical and emotional support to parents by probing into their experiences with treating their sons' hemophilia.
Dog ownership and physical activity among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Forbes Cynthia C. , Blanchard Chris M. , Mummery W. Kerry , Courneya Kerry S.
Published: November 2016

Background

Dog ownership has been associated with higher rates of physical activity (PA) in several populations but no study to date has focused on cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dog ownership and PA among cancer survivors and to examine correlates of dog ownership.

Methods

A stratified random sample of 2062 breast cancer survivors, prostate cancer survivors, and colorectal cancer survivors was mailed a questionnaire assessing PA, social cognitive, dog ownership, demographic, and medical variables.

Results

Overall, 25% of the sample was dog owners (DOs). There were no significant differences in moderate, vigorous, or total PA minutes between DOs and non–dog owners. There was a significant difference in light PA minutes in favor of DOs (153 vs 112 minutes; 95% CI = 4 to 77; P = .030), however, this was largely restricted to breast cancer survivors (143 vs 79 minutes; 95% CI = 25 to 102; P = .001) who also reported fewer vigorous PA minutes (18 vs 39 minutes; 95% CI = −42 to −1; P = .042). Survivors were more likely to be DOs if they had breast cancer (P = .054), a higher income (P = .021), radiation therapy (P = .029), chemotherapy (P = .010), were younger (P < .001), employed (P < .001), and a current smoker (P = .015). Few social cognitive variables were associated with DO.

Conclusions

Dog ownership among cancer survivors was not associated with moderate‐to‐vigorous PA but was associated with light PA. Further research is necessary to determine if promoting dog ownership and dog walking among cancer survivors may increase PA and possibly improve health outcomes.
Equivalence between particles and fields: A general statistical mechanics theory for short and long range many‐body forces
Authors: Odriozola Gerardo , Lozada‐Cassou Marcelo
Published: November 2016

While in vacuum fundamental and dispersion inter‐molecular forces can be in principle of infinite range, in the bulk, however, they are of rather short‐range, typically between a few angstroms to a few hundreds of angstroms. Yet colloidal particles, nano‐particles, and supramolecules, like enzymes, thousand or hundreds of thousands of angstroms apart, seem to recognize each other and self‐assembly, according with their shapes and sizes, in a wide variety of complex structures. In this paper we discuss this long‐range molecular recognition mechanism through a general liquid theory, based on the recognition of the equivalence between particles and fields, and molecular simulations. In particular we show results of a counter‐intuitive attraction between like‐charged colloidal particles and compare them with experimental results.
Effect of Co doping and hydrostatic pressure on SrFe2 As2
Authors: Lengyel E. , Kumar M. , Schnelle W. , Leithe‐Jasper A. , Nicklas M.
Published: November 2016

We report a pressure study on electron doped by electrical‐resistivity () and magnetic‐susceptibility () experiments. Application of either external pressure or Co substitution rapidly suppresses the spin‐density wave ordering of the Fe moments and induces superconductivity in . At the broad superconducting (SC) dome in the phase diagram exhibits its maximum K at a pressure of only GPa. In no superconductivity is observed anymore up to 2.8 GPa. Upon increasing the Co concentration the maximum of the SC dome shifts toward lower pressure accompanied by a decrease in the value of . Even though, superconductivity is induced by both tuning methods, Co substitution leads to a much more robust SC state. Our study evidences that in both, the effect of pressure and Co substitution, have to be considered in order to understand the SC phase‐diagram and further attests the close relationship of and its sister compound .
Wildlife conservation camp: An education and recruitment pathway for high school students?
Authors: Griffin Kelsey R. , Glasscock Selma N. , Schwertner T. Wayne , Atchley Wayne , Tarpley Rudy S.
Published: November 2016

Environmental education programs have been evaluated to assess short‐term effects on participants; however, few studies have examined long‐term effects. We quantified how the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society's Wildlife Conservation Camp (WCC), Texas, USA, has affected high school students. A web‐based survey questionnaire measured attitudes and behaviors of participants toward wildlife conservation and natural resources. A subset of questions was taken from the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife‐Associated Recreation to provide a comparison population (USDI, USFWS, USDC, and USCB 2011). The majority of respondents reported moderate to large increases in knowledge (89%) and interest (80%) of wildlife conservation and observation from the WCC and major influence on the course of their lives (85%). Most respondents (86%) who went into a conservation‐related field reported the WCC influenced their career path. The majority of WCC respondents took special interest in wildlife around the home (66%) and away from home (70%) compared with Texans (likely wildlife watchers) surveyed in the 2011 National Survey (75% and 23%, respectively). The WCC can influence knowledge and interest of wildlife and recruitment into conservation‐related fields. Improvements to the program include increased outreach to diverse audiences and scholarship opportunities. Our results may guide the evaluation of other outdoor camps as we strive to better understand how educational programs can create a diverse generation of ecologically literate citizens and conservation leaders. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Canada goose nest survival at rural wetlands in north‐central Iowa
Authors: Ness Brenna N. , Klaver Robert W.
Published: November 2016

The last comprehensive nest survival study of the breeding giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) population in Iowa, USA, was conducted >30 years ago during a period of population recovery, during which available nesting habitat consisted primarily of artificial nest structures. Currently, Iowa's resident goose population is stable and nests in a variety of habitats. We analyzed the effects of available habitat on nest survival and how nest survival rates compared with those of the expanding goose population studied previously to better understand how to maintain a sustainable Canada goose population in Iowa. We documented Canada goose nest survival at rural wetland sites in north‐central Iowa. We monitored 121 nests in 2013 and 149 nests in 2014 at 5 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) with various nesting habitats, including islands, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) houses, and elevated nest structures. We estimated daily nest‐survival rate using the nest survival model in Program MARK. Survival was influenced by year, site, stage, presence of a camera, nest age, and an interaction between nest age and stage. Nest success rates for the 28‐day incubation period by site and year combination ranged from 0.10 to 0.84. Nest survival was greatest at sites with nest structures (β = 17.34). Nest survival was negatively affected by lowered water levels at Rice Lake WMA (2013 β = −0.77, nest age β = −0.07). Timing of water‐level drawdowns for shallow lake restorations may influence nest survival rates. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Modifying M‐44s to reduce risk of activation by swift fox
Authors: Young Julie K.
Published: November 2016

M‐44s are spring‐powered sodium cyanide ejectors commonly used in the United States to manage livestock depredation by coyotes (Canis latrans). While highly selective for canids, improvements could reduce risk to nontarget canids, especially State‐Endangered or ‐Threatened canids such as the swift fox (Vulpes velox). In 2012–2013, we tested M‐44s set at modified heights to determine whether height modifications reduced risk to swift foxes without reducing activation rates by coyotes. We presented captive coyotes housed at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center's Predator Research Facility, Millville, Utah, USA, with M‐44s at various test heights to determine a height that would still ensure activation and then M‐44s set at 15‐cm height were placed in pens with captive swift foxes at the Cochrane Ecological Institute, near Cochrane, Alberta, Canada, to evaluate their ability to activate M‐44s. M‐44s were next set in the field as 31 matched pairs within North Dakota, USA. For each matched pair, 1 was set at standard height, where the body of the device was entirely below ground level and only the mouth piece was above ground, and 1 at a modified height, where the top of the mouth pieces was set 15–18 cm above ground level. Camera traps were used to monitor wildlife activity at M‐44s. Despite equivalent visitation rates based on camera‐trap data, only one modified M‐44 was activated by a coyote, whereas 19 M‐44s set at standard height were activated by coyotes. No swift foxes were observed during field trials, but red foxes (V. vulpes) were observed at 2 sets and did not activate the M‐44s. Modifying the height of M‐44s appears to reduce activation risk for nontarget canids, but also reduces the rate of activation by coyotes. Thus, height modifications to M‐44s may not be practical or efficient in areas with little or no risk to nontarget canids because of compromised coyote activation rates, but should be considered as an option to enable use of M‐44s for coyote management in areas where M‐44s are not currently used because nontarget, small canids may co‐occur. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Clinical Significance of Conventional Karyotype and QF-PCR in Detection of Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Kozaric Mirza , Hukic Mirsada , Hasic Azra , Kozaric Alma , Kurtovic-Kozaric Amina
Published: November 2016

This study aims to compare the advantages of two widely used methods for fetal chromosomal detection, karyotyping and QF-PCR, together with the indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis. We retrospectively investigated 888 amniocenteses analyzed by karyotyping only or karyotyping combined with QF-PCR. We assessed the results of each method and compared them to the indications for prenatal testing including maternal age, fetal ultrasound findings, and serum screening. We found 39 (4.4%) abnormalities, where 59% of those abnormalities were numerical and 41% were structural abnormalities undetectable by QF-PCR methods. Many structural abnormalities do not have clinical significance and we found that 23% of found structural abnormalities were clinically significant but undetectable by QF-PCR (0.3% of all amniocentesis analyzed). Additional 23% of found structural abnormalities were balanced translocations which can have rare clinically significant consequences. In total, 46% of found structural abnormalities had possible clinical consequences, which were undetectable by QF-PCR, or by noninvasive prenatal testing for five common aneuploidies. Thus, QF-PCR is a reliable method to detect most common fetal aneuploidies, but karyotyping should be used if any other chromosomal abnormalities are suspected. Even though QF-PCR is a fast and reliable method, physicians should be aware of the limitations of various methodologies for detection of fetal abnormalities and assign the proper method to the indication for amniocentesis.
Results of the 2016 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A.
Published: November 2016

AORN conducted its 14th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June 2016. A multiple regression model was used to examine how several variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2016 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials, benefits) on base compensation rates also are examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.
Implementing No Interruption Zones in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Wright M. Imelda
Published: November 2016

The perioperative arena is one of the most information‐intensive, intricate, and complex work environments in health care, and it depends on sound communication to help ensure patient safety. Surgical procedures require attention, vigilance, and situational awareness. Noise and other distractions have the potential to cause mental lapses, impair thought processes, and divert attention away from tasks, increasing the likelihood of adverse patient events. However, there is no way to eliminate all noise from an OR. AORN advocates for a controlled environment in which distractions and noise are minimized. Our project presents an overview of how the No Interruption Zone concept was introduced in an outpatient surgical setting through an educational intervention. Our findings suggest that noise levels during critical phases of surgery can be reduced through focused education for perioperative team members.
Guideline Implementation: Patient Information Management
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L.
Published: November 2016

Clinical documentation captured in a patient's record provides health care personnel with information that can be used to guide patient care. Data collected in electronic health records can be accessed and aggregated across the health care delivery system to enhance the safety, quality, and efficacy of care. The updated AORN “Guideline for patient information management” provides guidance to perioperative personnel on documenting and managing patient information. This article focuses on key points of the guideline, which address data capture that supports the clinical workflow, incorporation of professional guidelines and standards as well as regulatory and mandatory reporting elements, use of standardized clinical terminologies, data aggregation for use in research and analytics, considerations for patient care orders, and safeguards for the patient's security and confidentiality. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Preoperative Screening for Sleep‐Disordered Breathing in Children: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bauer Erin E. , Lee Rebecca , Campbell Yasmine N.
Published: November 2016

Clinicians frequently underestimate or do not assess sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children in ambulatory surgical centers. Identifying the disorder and obtaining information relevant to anesthesia management can be assisted by the use of a standard questionnaire during preoperative assessment. We wanted to determine whether a preoperative screening tool increases clinician awareness of SDB in children and leads to a decrease in perioperative respiratory adverse events. We reviewed 21 articles to identify reliable screening tools for pediatric SDB in ambulatory surgical centers and selected six articles for the review. We concluded that the Snoring, Trouble Breathing, Un‐Refreshed questionnaire is a reliable preoperative SDB identification tool and that awareness of preexisting SDB in children presenting for surgery in ambulatory surgical centers aids in designing a patient‐specific plan of care to reduce perioperative respiratory adverse events. Standardizing the use of the Snoring, Trouble Breathing, Un‐Refreshed questionnaire during the preoperative evaluation is a safety measure for pediatric surgical patients.
Clinical Issues‐December 2016
Authors: Spruce Lisa , Wood Amber
Published: November 2016

This Year

Head coverings

Key words: head cover, bouffant, skull cap, hair, scalp.

Skin preps

Key words: skin preps, antiseptics, cesarean delivery, surgical site infections, abdomen.

Pediatric surgical counts

Key words: pediatrics, counts, surgical, retained surgical items, policy.

Sterile set up

Key words: sterile table, sterile set up, covering, monitoring, contamination.

Surgical hand antisepsis

Key words: surgical hand rub, application, surgical scrub, scrubbed areas.
Brand Attitudes and Search Engine Queries
Authors: Dotson Jeffrey P. , Fan Ruixue Rachel , Feit Elea McDonnell , Oldham Jeffrey D. , Yeh Yi-Hsin
Published: November 2016

Search engines record the queries that users submit, including a large number of queries that include brand names. This data holds promise for assessing brand health. However, before adopting brand search volume as a brand metric, marketers should understand how brand search relates to traditional survey-based measures of brand attitudes, which have been shown to be predictive of sales. We investigate the relationship between brand attitudes and search engine queries using a unique micro-level data set collected from a panel of Google users who agreed to allow us to track their individual brand search behavior over eight weeks and link this search history to their responses to a brand attitude survey. Focusing on the smartphone and automotive markets, we find that users who are actively shopping in a category are more likely to search for any brand. Further, as users move from being aware of a brand to intending to purchase a brand, they are increasingly more likely to search for that brand, with the greatest gains as customers go from recognition to familiarity and from familiarity to consideration. Additionally, users that own and use a particular automotive or smartphone brand are much more likely to search for that brand, even when they are not in market suggesting that a substantial volume of brand search in these categories is not related to shopping or product search. We discuss the implications of these findings for assessing brand health from search data.
Improvement in word recognition following treatment failure for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Jan Taha A. , Kozin Elliott D. , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Sethi Rosh K. , Jung David H.
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) may have word recognition scores (WRS) that correlate with pure tone average (PTA). We hypothesize that there is a subset of patients with SSNHL who have improved WRS despite stable PTA.

Methods

Retrospective case review at a tertiary otolaryngology practice.

Results

We identified 13 of 113 patients with SSNHL whose WRS increased despite overall stable pure tone averages. There was an observed average improvement in WRS by 23.8 points in this patient cohort at follow‐up, with mean initial PTA in the affected ear at 48.7 dB.

Conclusions

We identify a novel cohort of SSNHL patients that have failed treatment as measured by PTA, but who have increased WRS over time. These data have implications for patient counseling and lend insight into the pathophysiology of SSNHL.
Stability of stratified downslope flows with an overlying stagnant isolating layer
Authors: Jagannathan Arjun , Winters Kraig B. , Armi Laurence
Published: November 2016

We investigate the dynamic stability of stratified flow configurations characteristic of hydraulically controlled downslope flow over topography. Extraction of the correct ‘base state’ for stability analysis from spatially and temporally evolving flows that exhibit instability is not easy since the observed flow in most cases has already been modified by nonlinear interactions between the instability modes and the mean flow. Analytical studies, however, can yield steady solutions under idealized conditions which can then be analysed for stability. Following the latter approach, we study flow profiles whose essential character is determined by recently obtained solutions of Winters & Armi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 753, 2014, pp. 80–103) for topographically controlled stratified flows. Their condition of optimal control necessitates a streamline bifurcation which then naturally produces a stagnant isolating layer overlying an accelerating stratified jet in the lee of the topography. We show that the inclusion of the isolating layer is an essential component of the stability analysis and further clarify the nature and mechanism of the instability in light of the wave-interaction theory. The spatial stability problem is also briefly examined in order to estimate the downstream location where finite-amplitude features might be manifested in streamwise slowly varying flows over topography.
An extended Landau–Levich model for the dragging of a thin liquid film with a propagating surface acoustic wave
Authors: Morozov Matvey , Manor Ofer
Published: November 2016

In this paper we revisit the Landau and Levich analysis of a coating flow in the case where the flow in the thin liquid film is supported by a Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (SAW), propagating in the solid substrate. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the geometry of the film evolves under the action of the propagating SAW in a manner that is similar to the evolution of films that are being deposited using the dip coating technique. We show that in a steady state the thin-film evolution equation reduces to a generalized Landau–Levich equation with the dragging velocity, imposed by the SAW, depending on the local film thickness. We demonstrate that the generalized Landau–Levich equation has a branch of stable steady state solutions and a branch of unstable solutions. The branches meet at a saddle-node bifurcation point corresponding to the threshold value of the SAW intensity. Below the threshold value no steady states were found and our numerical computations suggest a gradual thinning of the liquid film from its initial geometry.
Indigenous Sky Stories: Reframing How we Introduce Primary School Students to Astronomy — a Type II Case Study of Implementation
Authors: Ruddell Nicholas , Danaia Lena , McKinnon David
Published: November 2016

The Indigenous Sky Stories Program may have the potential to deliver significant and long-lasting changes to the way science is taught to Year 5 and 6 primary school students. The context for this article is informed by research that shows that educational outcomes can be strengthened when Indigenous knowledge is given the space to co-exist with the hegemony of current western science concepts. This research presents a case study of one primary school involved in the Indigenous Sky Stories Program. It showcases how teachers and students worked in conjunction with their local community to implement the program. The results suggest that introducing cultural sky stories into the science program, engaged and primed Year 5 and 6 students to seek out additional sky stories and to investigate the astronomical content mapped to the National Science Curriculum. The involvement of Aboriginal elders and community enriched the experience for all involved. The integrated science program appears to generate positive engagement for both Indigenous students and their non-Indigenous peers. Additionally, the program provided a valuable template for teachers to emulate and which can act as a model for the requirement to include Indigenous perspectives in the new National Science Curriculum.
Expansive Legal Research
Authors: Jones Yolanda P.
Published: November 2016

This article will introduce an approach to teaching legal research called Expansive Legal Research. The Expansive Legal Research perspective is based upon dissertation research on legal information behavior at a law school legal aid clinic. This approach is inspired by an educational perspective called Expansive Learning, which in turn has roots in the psychological theory called Activity Theory. The Expansive Legal Research perspective includes elements inspired by Expansive Learning and Activity Theory such as a focus on an activity-centered context of both the individual and social aspects of human behavior; the design-oriented nature of human problem-solving; the role of tacit knowledge and unwritten rules in daily activity and practice; and a cultural historical approach to learning and development, where both the user and their tools are undergoing a constant process of growth and change and transformation. An Expansive Legal Research approach, and the theory it is based upon, may provide new insights into legal research instruction, and may be a useful tool for legal research instructors.
BEST INTERESTS: MULTIFACETED BUT NOT UNBOUNDED
Authors: Langford Rosemary Teele
Published: November 2016

The best interests rule – the central fiduciary duty of company directors in a number of common law jurisdictions – encapsulates loyalty between director and company. Its multifaceted nature means that it is employed to impose a number of requirements, as demonstrated in the multi-jurisdictional analysis in this article. Contemporary commentary and cases (such as Moulin Global Eyecare Holdings Ltd. v Mei (2014) 17 HKCFAR 466, recently analysed in this Journal) have, however, doubted the fiduciary classification of the rule. This article defends the rule's fiduciary classification. After examining key facets of the rule, it demonstrates that, although flexible, the rule cannot be stretched to protect stakeholder interests independently of corporate benefit.
UNCONSCIONABLE BARGAINS, OVERREACHING AND OVERRIDING INTERESTS
Authors: Televantos Andreas
Published: November 2016

MORTGAGE Express v Lambert [2016] EWCA Civ 555 concerned a sale and leaseback. In desperate circumstances, the naïve and vulnerable A (Ms Lambert) entered into a sale and leaseback arrangement in respect of her flat. She was paid a small proportion of the value of the flat, which was then registered in the joint names of B (the buyers). B mortgaged it without disclosing to C (the mortgagee) the leaseback arrangement to A. The mortgage was registered, but no lease was. Ultimately, B defaulted on the mortgage and C sought to sell the property. The litigation concerned whether A had a right that could bind C. The Court of Appeal held that A did not and allowed the sale to proceed.
TRACING TO AND FRO
Authors: Turner P.G.
Published: November 2016

THE era of civil litigation to recover the proceeds of fraud continues and, with it, the elaboration of principles of judge-made law as to when defrauded persons may recover. These principles reflect a truth of human nature. Apart from the silly, reckless and brazen, those who commit fraud wish their takings to be undetectable. A crucial development in the history of English law, therefore, was to accept that, for some purposes, persons may make juridical claims not only to an asset originally taken from them, but also to other assets representing the original: Maitland, “Trust and Corporation”, in Selected Essays (Cambridge, 1936), 171–72. The concept of assets “representing” the original assets is at the heart of the equitable and common law doctrines of tracing and civil recovery for fraud.
UNCONVENTIONAL “SALES”
Authors: Moore Henry
Published: November 2016

IN business, it is desirable to have certain law that makes good commercial sense, and helpful to know what fundamental concepts like “a contract of sale of goods” actually mean. The Supreme Court in PST Energy 7 Shipping LLC and another v OW Bunker Malta Ltd. and another (“The Res Cogitans”) [2016] UKSC 22 grappled with precisely this question.
Perceived Stress and Social Adaptation of the Primary Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Shahrier Mohd. Ashik , Islam Md. Nurul , Debroy Mou-Mita
Published: November 2016

The study aimed to explore whether McCubbin and Patterson’s Double ABCX model of stress and adaptation can promote a better understanding of the impacts of social support, definition of the stressor and coping strategies on stress and adaptation of the primary caregivers of Intellectually Disabled (ID) children above and beyond the effects of other factors. Structured Interview Schedule, Perceived Stress Scale (Keya, 2006) and Social Adjustment Scale (Mahmuda & Parvin, 2005) were administered on 130 caregivers of ID children and 140 caregivers of typically developing children recruited conveniently. Findings reveal that stress and adaptation of the caregivers of ID children were significantly positively associated (r = .429, p < .01). Significant variations in stress and adaptation of the caregivers of ID children were found in terms of children’s disability types (F = 14.50, df = 4/120, p < .001 for stress; F = 11.92, df = 4/120, p < .001 for adaptation) and severity of disability (F = 5.21, df = 1/120, p < .05 for stress; F = 11.14, df = 1/120, p < .01 for adaptation). Factors of the Double ABCX model of stress and adaptation created significant variations in stress (F = 17.94, df = 3/121, p < .001) and adaptation (F = 9.96, df = 3/121, p < .001) of the caregivers of ID children above and beyond the effects of other factors. The findings suggest that the Double ABCX model is valuable in understanding stress and adaptation of the primary caregivers of ID children.
Interarch comparison of intraoral pH and temperature: a pilot study
Authors: Choi Jung Eun , Lyons Karl M , McLean Mitten CB , Waddell Neil J
Published: November 2016

Purpose of study:

The severity of tooth wear is known to have an association with intraoral pH and temperature depending on the site.

Objective:

To compare the intraoral pH and temperature between the maxillary and mandibular arch.

Methods:

Fourteen participants (mean age=25.8 years) wore a custom-made intraoral appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for 24 h while carrying out normal activities including sleep. All participants wore a maxillary appliance; four participants repeated the process and wore the mandibular appliance. Measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors and lingual aspect of the lower canines. Both qualitative and quantitative statistical analyses were conducted.

Results:

The mean intraoral pH from the maxilla was 7.32 (±0.52) and 7.07 (±0.26) for the mandible. During daytime, there was no statistical significance difference between the two arches (P=0.12). During sleep, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the mean pH of the maxilla, 7.0 (±0.46), and mandible, 6.46 (±0.31). The fluctuation patterns of pH and temperature from both arches were similar, but the maxilla showed more variations. The mean temperature from the mandible was slightly higher (36.18 °C (±0.96)) than the maxilla, 33.12 °C (±5.51) during daytime; however, there was no statistically significance difference in temperature between the arches during daytime (awake) or sleep (P=0.27).

Conclusion:

The results showed that there is significant difference in mean intraoral pH between the maxilla and the mandible during sleep, but not during the day and this difference may be associated variations in tooth wear between the arches.
A feed-forward loop between lncARSR and YAP activity promotes expansion of renal tumour-initiating cells
Authors: Qu Le , Wu Zhenjie , Li Yaoming , Xu Zhipeng , Liu Bing , Liu Feng , Bao Yi , Wu Dengshuang , Liu Jiayi , Wang Anbang , Chu Xiaoyuan , Sun Yinghao , Chen Cheng , Zhang Zhengyu , Wang Linhui
Published: November 2016

Renal tumour-initiating cells (T-ICs) contribute to tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of renal T-ICs remains unclear. Here we show that long non-coding RNA lncARSR is upregulated in primary renal T-ICs and associated with a poor prognosis of clear cell RCCs (ccRCC). Knockdown of lncARSR attenuates the self-renewal, tumorigenicity and metastasis of renal T-ICs. Conversely, forced lncARSR expression enhances T-IC properties of RCC cells. Mechanistically, the binding of lncARSR to YAP impedes LATS1-induced YAP phosphorylation and facilitates YAP nuclear translocation. Reciprocally, YAP/TEAD promotes lncARSR transcription, thus forming a feed-forward circuit. The correlation between lncARSR and YAP is validated in a ccRCC cohort, where the combination of these two parameters exhibits improved prognostic accuracy. Our findings indicate that lncARSR plays a critical role in renal T-ICs propagation and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine localizes to enhancer elements and is associated with survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Johnson Kevin C. , Houseman E. Andres , King Jessica E. , von Herrmann Katharine M. , Fadul Camilo E. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: November 2016

Glioblastomas exhibit widespread molecular alterations including a highly distorted epigenome. Here, we resolve genome-wide 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma through parallel processing of DNA with bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite treatments. We apply a statistical algorithm to estimate 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and unmethylated proportions from methylation array data. We show that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is depleted in glioblastoma compared with prefrontal cortex tissue. In addition, the genomic localization of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma is associated with features of dynamic cell-identity regulation such as tissue-specific transcription and super-enhancers. Annotation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine genomic distribution reveal significant associations with RNA regulatory processes, immune function, stem cell maintenance and binding sites of transcription factors that drive cellular proliferation. In addition, model-based clustering results indicate that patients with low-5-hydroxymethylcytosine patterns have significantly poorer overall survival. Our results demonstrate that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine patterns are strongly related with transcription, localizes to disease-critical genes and are associated with patient prognosis.
Integrative epigenome-wide analysis demonstrates that DNA methylation may mediate genetic risk in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ventham N. T. , Kennedy N. A. , Adams A. T. , Kalla R. , Heath S. , O'Leary K. R. , Drummond H. ,   IBD BIOM consortium, Lauc Gordan , Campbell Harry , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Annese Vito , Zoldoš Vlatka , Permberton Iain K. , Wuhrer Manfred , Kolarich Daniel , Fernandes Daryl L. , Theorodorou Evropi , Merrick Victoria , Spencer Daniel I. , Gardner Richard A. , Doran Ray , Shubhakar Archana , Boyapati Ray , Rudan Igor , Lionetti Paolo , Akmačić Irena Trbojević , Krištić Jasminka , Vučković Frano , Štambuk Jerko , Novokmet Mislav , Pučić-Baković Maja , Gornik Olga , Andriulli Angelo , Cantoro Laura , Sturniolo Giancarlo , Fiorino Gionata , Manetti Natalia , Latiano Anna , Kohn Anna , D’Incà Renata , Danese Silvio , Arnott Ian D. , Noble Colin L. , Lees Charlie W. , Shand Alan G. , Ho Gwo-Tzer , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Murphy Lee , Gibson Jude , Evenden Louise , Wrobel Nicola , Gilchrist Tamara , Fawkes Angie , Kammeijer Guinevere S. M. , Clerc Florent , de Haan Noortje , Vojta Aleksandar , Samaržija Ivana , Markulin Dora , Klasić Marija , Dobrinić Paula , Aulchenko Yurii , van den Heuve Tim , Jonkers Daisy , Pierik Marieke ,   IBD CHARACTER consortium, Vatn Simen , Ricanek Petr , Jahnsen Jørgen , You Panpan , Sølvernes Janne , Frengen Anna B. , Tannæs Tone M. , Moen Aina E. F. , Dahl Fredrik A. , Lindstrøm Jonas Christoffer , Ekeland Gunn S. , Detlie Trond Espen , Keita Åsa V. , Söderholm Johan D. , Hjortswang Henrik , Halfvarson Jonas , Bergemalm Daniel , Gomollón Fernando , D'Amato Mauro , Törkvist Leif , Hjelm Fredrik , Gullberg Mats , Nordberg Niklas , Ocklind Anette , Pettersson Erik , Ekman Daniel , Sundell Mikael , Modig Eddie , Veillard Anne- Clémence , Schoemans Renaud , Poncelet Dominique , Sabatel Céline , Gut Marta , Bayes Monica , Casén Christina , Lindahl Torbjørn , Ciemniejewska Ewa , Vatn Morten H. , Wilson D. C. , Gut I. G. , Nimmo E. R. , Satsangi J.
Published: November 2016

Epigenetic alterations may provide important insights into gene-environment interaction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we observe epigenome-wide DNA methylation differences in 240 newly-diagnosed IBD cases and 190 controls. These include 439 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 5 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which we study in detail using whole genome bisulphite sequencing. We replicate the top DMP (RPS6KA2) and DMRs (VMP1, ITGB2andTXK) in an independent cohort. Using paired genetic and epigenetic data, we delineate methylation quantitative trait loci;VMP1/microRNA-21methylation associates with two polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with a known IBD susceptibility variant. Separated cell data shows that IBD-associated hypermethylation within theTXKpromoter region negatively correlates with gene expression in whole-blood and CD8+T cells, but not other cell types. Thus, site-specific DNA methylation changes in IBD relate to underlying genotype and associate with cell-specific alteration in gene expression.
Tuning charge and correlation effects for a single molecule on a graphene device
Authors: Wickenburg Sebastian , Lu Jiong , Lischner Johannes , Tsai Hsin-Zon , Omrani Arash A. , Riss Alexander , Karrasch Christoph , Bradley Aaron , Jung Han Sae , Khajeh Ramin , Wong Dillon , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zettl Alex , Neto A.H. Castro , Louie Steven G. , Crommie Michael F.
Published: November 2016

The ability to understand and control the electronic properties of individual molecules in a device environment is crucial for developing future technologies at the nanometre scale and below. Achieving this, however, requires the creation of three-terminal devices that allow single molecules to be both gated and imaged at the atomic scale. We have accomplished this by integrating a graphene field effect transistor with a scanning tunnelling microscope, thus allowing gate-controlled charging and spectroscopic interrogation of individual tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane molecules. We observe a non-rigid shift in the molecule’s lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (relative to the Dirac point) as a function of gate voltage due to graphene polarization effects. Our results show that electron–electron interactions play an important role in how molecular energy levels align to the graphene Dirac point, and may significantly influence charge transport through individual molecules incorporated in graphene-based nanodevices.
Genome-wide RNAi screening identifies TMIGD3 isoform1 as a suppressor of NF-κB and osteosarcoma progression
Authors: Iyer Swathi V. , Ranjan Atul , Elias Harold K. , Parrales Alejandro , Sasaki Hiromi , Roy Badal C. , Umar Shahid , Tawfik Ossama W. , Iwakuma Tomoo
Published: November 2016

The ability of cancer cells to survive and grow in anchorage- and serum-independent conditions is well correlated with their aggressiveness. Here, using a human whole-genome shRNA library, we identify TMIGD3 isoform1 (i1) as a factor that suppresses this ability in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, mainly by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Knockdown of TMIGD3 increases proliferation, tumour formation and metastasis of OS cells. Overexpression of TMIGD3 isoform1 (i1), but not isoform3 (i3) which shares a common C-terminal region, suppresses these malignant properties. Adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) having an identical N-terminal region shows similar biological profiles to TMIGD3 i1. Protein expression of TMIGD3 and A3AR is lower in human OS tissues than normal tissues. Mechanistically, TMIGD3 i1 and A3AR commonly inhibit the PKA−Akt−NF-κB axis. However, TMIGD3 i1 only partially rescues phenotypes induced by A3AR knockdown, suggesting the presence of distinct pathways. Our findings reveal an unappreciated role for TMIGD3 i1 as a suppressor of NF-κB activity and OS progression.
Astrocytic GABA transporter activity modulates excitatory neurotransmission
Authors: Boddum Kim , Jensen Thomas P. , Magloire Vincent , Kristiansen Uffe , Rusakov Dmitri A. , Pavlov Ivan , Walker Matthew C.
Published: November 2016

Astrocytes are ideally placed to detect and respond to network activity. They express ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, and can release gliotransmitters. Astrocytes also express transporters that regulate the extracellular concentration of neurotransmitters. Here we report a previously unrecognized role for the astrocytic GABA transporter, GAT-3. GAT-3 activity results in a rise in astrocytic Na+ concentrations and a consequent increase in astrocytic Ca2+ through Na+/Ca2+ exchange. This leads to the release of ATP/adenosine by astrocytes, which then diffusely inhibits neuronal glutamate release via activation of presynaptic adenosine receptors. Through this mechanism, increases in astrocytic GAT-3 activity due to GABA released from interneurons contribute to 'diffuse' heterosynaptic depression. This provides a mechanism for homeostatic regulation of excitatory transmission in the hippocampus.
Development of a validated algorithm for the diagnosis of paediatric asthma in electronic medical records
Authors: Cave Andrew J , Davey Christina , Ahmadi Elaheh , Drummond Neil , Fuentes Sonia , Kazemi-Bajestani Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Sharpe Heather , Taylor Matt
Published: November 2016

An accurate estimation of the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Alberta and elsewhere is hampered by uncertainty regarding disease definition and diagnosis. Electronic medical records (EMRs) provide a rich source of clinical data from primary-care practices that can be used in better understanding the occurrence of the disease. The Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database includes cleaned data extracted from the EMRs of primary-care practitioners. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a case definition of asthma in children 1–17 who consult family physicians, in order to provide primary-care estimates of childhood asthma in Alberta as accurately as possible. The validation involved the comparison of the application of a theoretical algorithm (to identify patients with asthma) to a physician review of records included in the CPCSSN database (to confirm an accurate diagnosis). The comparison yielded 87.4% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity and a positive and negative predictive value of 91.2% and 97.9%, respectively, in the age group 1–17 years. The algorithm was also run for ages 3–17 and 6–17 years, and was found to have comparable statistical values. Overall, the case definition and algorithm yielded strong sensitivity and specificity metrics and was found valid for use in research in CPCSSN primary-care practices. The use of the validated asthma algorithm may improve insight into the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of paediatric asthma in Alberta and Canada.
Seeing is believing: anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in action for checkpoint blockade tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Tan Shuguang , Zhang Catherine W-H , Gao George F
Published: November 2016

Structural immunology, focusing on structures of host immune related molecules, enables the immunologists to see what the molecules look like, and more importantly, how they work together. Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has achieved brilliant successes in clinical applications. The recent breakthrough of the complex structures of checkpoint blockade antibodies with their counterparts, pembrolizumab with PD-1 and avelumab with PD-L1, have made it clear how these monoclonal antibodies compete the binding of PD-1/PD-L1 and function to blockade the receptor-ligand interaction. Herein, we summarize the structural findings of these two reports and look into the future for how this information would facilitate the development of more efficient PD-1/PD-L1 targeting antibodies, small molecule drugs, and other protein or non-protein inhibitors.
Characterization of Structural Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Dogs using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Robinson Jennifer L. , Baxi Madhura , Katz Jeffrey S. , Waggoner Paul , Beyers Ronald , Morrison Edward , Salibi Nouha , Denney Thomas S. , Vodyanoy Vitaly , Deshpande Gopikrishna
Published: November 2016

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides us an insight into the micro-architecture of white-matter tracts in the brain. This method has proved promising in understanding and investigating the neuronal tracts and structural connectivity between the brain regions in primates as well as rodents. The close evolutionary relationship between canines and humans may have spawned a unique bond in regard to social cognition rendering them useful as an animal model in translational research. In this study, we acquired diffusion data from anaesthetized dogs and created a DTI-based atlas for a canine model which could be used to investigate various white matter diseases. We illustrate the application of this atlas by calculating DTI tractography based structural connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) regions of the default mode network (DMN) in dogs. White matter connectivity was investigated to provide structural basis for the functional dissociation observed between the anterior and posterior parts of DMN. A comparison of the integrity of long range structural connections (such as in the DMN) between dogs and humans is likely to provide us with new perspectives on the neural basis of the evolution of cognitive functions.