bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the mold with RNA—a “RNAissance” of life science
Authors: Jones Charles H. , Androsavich John R. , So Nina , Jenkins Matthew P. , MacCormack Derek , Prigodich Andrew , Welch Verna , True Jane M. , Dolsten Mikael
Published: January 2024

In the past decade, RNA therapeutics have gone from being a promising concept to one of the most exciting frontiers in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The field is now entering what many call a renaissance or “RNAissance” which is being fueled by advances in genetic engineering and delivery systems to take on more ambitious development efforts. However, this renaissance is occurring at an unprecedented pace, which will require a different way of thinking if the field is to live up to its full potential. Recognizing this need, this article will provide a forward-looking perspective on the field of RNA medical products and the potential long-term innovations and policy shifts enabled by this revolutionary and game-changing technological platform.
Seawater physics and chemistry along the Med-SHIP transects in the Mediterranean Sea in 2016
Authors: Schroeder Katrin , Kovačević Vedrana , Civitarese Giuseppe , Velaoras Dimitris , Álvarez Marta , Tanhua Toste , Jullion Loïc , Coppola Laurent , Bensi Manuel , Ursella Laura , Santinelli Chiara , Giani Michele , Chiggiato Jacopo , Aly-Eldeen Mohamed , Assimakopoulou Georgia , Bachi Giancarlo , Bogner Boie , Borghini Mireno , Cardin Vanessa , Cornec Marin , Giannakourou Antonia , Giannoudi Louisa , Gogou Alexandra , Golbol Melek , Hazan Or , Karthäuser Clarissa , Kralj Martina , Krasakopoulou Evangelia , Matić Frano , Mihanović Hrvoje , Muslim Stipe , Papadopoulos Vassilis P. , Parinos Constantine , Paulitschke Anne , Pavlidou Alexandra , Pitta Elli , Protopapa Maria , Rahav Eyal , Raveh Ofrat , Renieris Panagiotis , Reyes-Suarez Nydia C. , Rousselaki Eleni , Silverman Jacop , Souvermezoglou Ekaterini , Urbini Lidia , Zeri Christina , Zervoudaki Soultana
Published: January 2024

The Mediterranean Sea has been sampled irregularly by research vessels in the past, mostly by national expeditions in regional waters. To monitor the hydrographic, biogeochemical and circulation changes in the Mediterranean Sea, a systematic repeat oceanographic survey programme called Med-SHIP was recommended by the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) in 2011, as part of the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). Med-SHIP consists of zonal and meridional surveys with different frequencies, where comprehensive physical and biogeochemical properties are measured with the highest international standards. The first zonal survey was done in 2011 and repeated in 2018. In addition, a network of meridional (and other key) hydrographic sections were designed: the first cycle of these sections was completed in 2016, with three cruises funded by the EU project EUROFLEETS2. This paper presents the physical and chemical data of the meridional and key transects in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea collected during those cruises.
Effects of sodium selenite, cysteamine, bacterially synthesized Se-NPs, and cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs on ram sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Salimi Tannaz , Hajarian Hadi , Karamishabankareh Hamed , Soltani Leila
Published: January 2024

During the cryopreservation of sperm, the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) can reduce their viability and fertility. However, the addition of antioxidants can help reduce the harmful effects of ROS. One such antioxidant is selenium, which is a co-factor of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme that is effective in scavenging ROS. Cysteamine can also take part in the structure of this enzyme. The use of nanoparticles can be less toxic to cells than their salt form. To this end, researchers synthesized Se-NPs using the streptococcus bacteria and loaded cysteamine onto the synthesized Se-NPs. The biosynthesis of Se-NPs and cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). For cryopreservation, ram semen samples were diluted, and different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, and 125 µg/mL) of cysteamine, Se-NPs, cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs, and sodium selenite were added. An extender containing no supplement was considered as control group. After cooling the semen samples, they were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for evaluation. The samples were thawed and analyzed for mobility, viability, membrane and DNA integrity, and sperm abnormalities, as well as malondialdehyde level (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The data was processed using SPSS, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. The results of this experiment showed that adding 1 μg/mL of cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs to the diluent significantly increased the motility, viability, and membrane integrity and SOD of spermatozoa compared to the other treatment groups and control group, and reduced the abnormality, apoptosis, and MDA level of spermatozoa in comparison with the other treatment groups and control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs was found to improve the quality of ram sperm after cryopreservation.
Promising sensors for pharmaceutical pollutant adsorption using Clar’s goblet-based 2D membranes
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud A. S. , Saad Mohamed A. , Abd-Elkader Omar H. , Abdelsalam Hazem , Zhang Qinfang
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the design of new 2D membranes from connected Clar’s Goblet as a potential sensor for pharmaceutical pollutants, specifically the painkiller drugs aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac. The electronic, optical, and interaction properties are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The Clar’s Goblet membranes (CGMs) that were chosen are semiconductors with an energy gap of around 1.5 eV, according to energy gap calculations and density of states. Molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis shows that CGMs have electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, suggesting their suitability for interacting with pharmaceutical pollutants. The adsorption energies confirm the chemical adsorption of pharmaceutical pollutants with diclofenac showing the strongest adsorption. The UV–Vis absorption spectra of CGMs-drug complexes are analyzed, revealing a redshift compared to the absorption spectrum of CGMs alone, confirming the adsorption of these drugs. Further analysis using hole/electron examinations indicates that the type of excitation is local excitation rather than charge transfer excitation. This study quantitatively characterized hole and electron distribution in excited states using various indices. The analysis revealed local excitation transitions and significant charge transfer between the CGMs molecule and pharmaceutical pollutants. Additionally, non-covalent interaction analysis indicates the presence of van der Waals interactions, highlighting the adsorption behavior of the drugs. These results demonstrate the potential of CGMs as a highly sensitive sensor for pharmaceutical pollutants.
Regional patient transfer patterns matter for the spread of hospital-acquired pathogens
Authors: Xia Hanjue , Horn Johannes , Piotrowska Monika J. , Sakowski Konrad , Karch André , Kretzschmar Mirjam , Mikolajczyk Rafael
Published: January 2024

Pathogens typically responsible for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) constitute a major threat to healthcare systems worldwide. They spread via hospital (or hospital-community) networks by readmissions or patient transfers. Therefore, knowledge of these networks is essential to develop and test strategies to mitigate and control the HAI spread. Until now, no methods for comparing healthcare networks across different systems were proposed. Based on healthcare insurance data from four German federal states (Bavaria, Lower Saxony, Saxony and Thuringia), we constructed hospital networks and compared them in a systematic approach regarding population, hospital characteristics, and patient transfer patterns. Direct patient transfers between hospitals had only a limited impact on HAI spread. Whereas, with low colonization clearance rates, readmissions to the same hospitals posed the biggest transmission risk of all inter-hospital transfers. We then generated hospital-community networks, in which patients either stay in communities or in hospitals. We found that network characteristics affect the final prevalence and the time to reach it. However, depending on the characteristics of the pathogen (colonization clearance rate and transmission rate or even the relationship between transmission rate in hospitals and in the community), the studied networks performed differently. The differences were not large, but justify further studies.
High-dimensional single photon based quantum secure direct communication using time and phase mode degrees
Authors: Ahn Byungkyu , Park Jooyoun , Lee Jonghyun , Lee Sangrim
Published: January 2024

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can guarantee security using the characteristics of quantum mechanics even when a message is directly transmitted through a quantum channel without using a secret key. However, the transmission rate of the QSDC is limited by the dead time of a single photon detector (SPD) as well as channel loss over the distance. To overcome this limited transmission rate, we propose a high-dimensional single photon-based QSDC protocol that applies two optical degrees of freedom: time and phase state. First, an N-dimensional time and phase state generation method that considers the dead time is proposed to minimize the measurement loss of a transmitted message. Second, among the two types of quantum states, the phase state with relatively low measurement efficiency is used only for eavesdropping detection, and the time state is used for sending messages with differential delay time bin-based encoding techniques. Lastly, we propose an efficient method for measuring N-dimensional time and phase-based quantum states and recovering classical bit information. This study performs security analysis against various attacks, and verifies the transmission rate improvement effect through simulation. The result indicates that our proposal can guarantee higher security and transmission rates compared to the conventional DL04 QSDC.
Brain areas lipidomics in female transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ferré-González Laura , Balaguer Ángel , Roca Marta , Ftara Artemis , Lloret Ana , Cháfer-Pericás Consuelo
Published: January 2024

Lipids are the major component of the brain with important structural and functional properties. Lipid disruption could play a relevant role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some brain lipidomic studies showed significant differences compared to controls, but few studies have focused on different brain areas related to AD. Furthermore, AD is more prevalent in females, but there is a lack of studies focusing on this sex. This work aims to perform a lipidomic study in selected brain areas (cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, entire cortex) from wild-type (WT, n = 10) and APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (TG, n = 10) female mice of 5 months of age, as a model of early AD, to identify alterations in lipid composition. A lipidomic mass spectrometry-based method was optimized and applied to brain tissue. As result, some lipids showed statistically significant differences between mice groups in cerebellum (n = 68), amygdala (n = 49), hippocampus (n = 48), and the cortex (n = 22). In addition, some lipids (n = 15) from the glycerolipid, phospholipid, and sphingolipid families were statistically significant in several brain areas simultaneously between WT and TG. A selection of lipid variables was made to develop a multivariate approach to assess their discriminant potential, showing high diagnostic indexes, especially in cerebellum and amygdala (sensitivity 70–100%, sensibility 80–100%).
Machine learning approaches for estimating interfacial tension between oil/gas and oil/water systems: a performance analysis
Authors: Yousefmarzi Fatemeh , Haratian Ali , Mahdavi Kalatehno Javad , Keihani Kamal Mostafa
Published: January 2024

Interfacial tension (IFT) is a key physical property that affects various processes in the oil and gas industry, such as enhanced oil recovery, multiphase flow, and emulsion stability. Accurate prediction of IFT is essential for optimizing these processes and increasing their efficiency. This article compares the performance of six machine learning models, namely Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forests (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting (GB), Catboosting (CB), and XGBoosting (XGB), in predicting IFT between oil/gas and oil/water systems. The models are trained and tested on a dataset that contains various input parameters that influence IFT, such as gas-oil ratio, gas formation volume factor, oil density, etc. The results show that SVR and Catboost models achieve the highest accuracy for oil/gas IFT prediction, with an R-squared value of 0.99, while SVR outperforms Catboost for Oil/Water IFT prediction, with an R-squared value of 0.99. The study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models as a reliable and resilient tool for predicting IFT in the oil and gas industry. The findings of this study can help improve the understanding and optimization of IFT forecasting and facilitate the development of more efficient reservoir management strategies.
Novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation and long-term outcomes for a single surgeon
Authors: Maruo Masafumi , Goto Yusuke , Miyazaki Kanetaka , Inoue Atsushi , Kurokawa Koichiro , Enomoto Akiko , Tanaka Satoki , Katsura Sota , Sugawara Sho , Fuse Miki , Chiba Kazuto , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Nagata Maki , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: January 2024

Although novel techniques for avoiding incontinence during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy have been developed, long-term oncological outcomes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term oncological outcomes and functional outcomes of novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation for a single surgeon. Data from 100 patients who underwent structure-preserving prostatectomies performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The median console time was 123 min. Bilateral nerve-sparing was performed in 43% of patients underwent, and 57% underwent unilateral nerve-sparing surgery. Most patients (96%) reached complete pad-zero urinary continence by one year after surgery. Satisfactory erectile function was achieved in 97% of patients who underwent bilateral nerve-sparing surgery, and 80% of patients who underwent unilateral nerve-sparing surgery. The surgical margin was positive for 25% of patients, and the biochemical recurrence-free rate at 5 years was 77%. The cancer-specific survival rate was 100% during the median follow-up period of 4.5 years. Clavien-Dindo grade III complications occurred in 1% of cases. The outcomes for novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation were similar to previously reported oncological outcomes, with satisfactory functional outcomes. This operative method may be useful for patients who are eligible for nerve-sparing surgery.
Promoted propane dehydrogenation over Co confined within core–shell silicalite-1 zeolite crystals
Authors: Kubota Shohei , Sumi Tomoka , Kitamura Haruna , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: January 2024

Silicalite-1 coating boosted the catalytic activity of Co-loaded silicalite-1 zeolite for propane dehydrogenation reaction.
K-promoted cobalt-based catalysts for heterogeneous hydroformylation
Authors: Ti Jingrui , Gong Kun , Cui Dinghao , An Yunlei , Lin Tiejun , Zhong Liangshu
Published: January 2024

K-promoted Co/SiO2 catalysts were developed for heterogeneous olefin hydroformylation. Through various characterization techniques, the promotional effect of the K promoter in enhancing oxygenate selectivity was investigated.
Determining the emotional regulation function of Bifidobacterium breve: the role of gut metabolite regulation over colonization capability
Authors: Qian Xin , Tian Peijun , Guo Min , Yang Hongyu , Zhang Hao , Wang Gang , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Psychobiotics that modulate the gut–brain axis have emerged as promising interventions for clinical mental disorders.
Few-layered graphene increases the response of nociceptive neurons to irritant stimuli
Authors: Deleye Lieselot , Franchi Francesca , Trevisani Martina , Loiacono Fabrizio , Vercellino Silvia , Debellis Doriana , Liessi Nara , Armirotti Andrea , Vázquez Ester , Valente Pierluigi , Castagnola Valentina , Benfenati Fabio
Published: January 2024

Few-layered graphene (FLG) treatment increases the functional response of the nociceptive subpopulation of sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in response to irritants specific for chemoreceptors TRPV1 and TRPA1.
Formation and properties of spindle-shaped aragonite mesocrystals from Mg-bearing solutions
Authors: Molnár Zsombor , Pekker Péter , Rečnik Aleksander , Pósfai Mihály
Published: January 2024

Spindle-shaped aragonite mesocrystals form by the attachment of Mg-bearing amorphous calcium carbonate particles that convert to aragonite nanocrystals through dissolution-reprecipitation.
Partial restoration of aromaticity of pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetrone on Cu(111)
Authors: Brill Lorenz , Brandhoff Jonas , Gruenewald Marco , Calcinelli Fabio , Hofmann Oliver T. , Forker Roman , Fritz Torsten
Published: January 2024

CO-AFM measurements and DFT calculations demonstrate that the aromaticity of pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetrone (P4O) is only partially restored upon interaction with the Cu(111) surface, contrasting the model of surface-induced aromatic stabilization.
Tunable growth of a single high-density ZIF nanoshell on a gold nanoparticle isolated in an optical trap
Authors: Jackson Daniel , Rose Maitreya , Kamenetska Maria
Published: January 2024

We exploit heating in an optical trap to controllably grow metal organic framework nanoshells on the surface of an isolated gold nanoparticle in solution and monitor the growth in real time through spectroscopic measurements of the plasmon resonance.
An elliptical nanoantenna array plasmonic metasurface for efficient solar energy harvesting
Authors: Ashrafi-Peyman Zahra , Jafargholi Amir , Moshfegh Alireza Z.
Published: January 2024

A novel ultrathin plasmonic metasurface absorber, composed of TiN/GaN/TiN elliptical nanoantenna arrays, is designed to excite localized surface plasmon resonances for near-perfect broadband optical absorption in both air and water environments.
Formation of ylidenehydrazines enabled by manganese-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Wang Fangchao , Ding Ding , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Guoying
Published: January 2024

A practical one-pot Mn-catalyzed tandem dehydrogenative condensation coupling of alcohols with hydrazines and halides to form ylidenehydrazines via an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategy is reported.
Application of dandelion-like Sm2O3/Co3O4/rGO in high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Yanling , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Xin Yulin , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Shasha , Yu Jiaan
Published: January 2024

A dandelion-like structure composite was synthesised through a facile hydrothermal method and annealing treatment, exhibiting excellent electrode performance for supercapacitors.
The effect of morphology and crystal structure on the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performances of WO3
Authors: Li Lihua , Li Jingjing , Kim BoK.-Hee , Huang Jinliang
Published: January 2024

A template-based solvothermal method is successfully developed for the controlled synthesis of two-dimensional monoclinic WO3 nanoplate/nanosheet arrays and three-dimensional hexagonal WO3 nanosphere/nanocage structures with single crystal petals.
Enhancing supercapacitor performance of Ni–Co–Mn metal–organic frameworks by compositing it with polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Marwat Mohsin Ali , Ishfaq Shaheer , Adam Kanwar Muhammad , Tahir Bilal , Shaikh Muhammad Hamza , Khan Muhammad Fawad , Abdul Karim Muhammad Ramzan , Din Zia Ud , Abdullah Syed , Ghazanfar Esha
Published: January 2024

NiCoMn metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the most sought-after materials in the domain of supercapacitors. Here, they are composited with rGO and polyaniline to increase surface area and conductivity, aiming for enhanced energy density.
Synthesis of novel fluorescence probes and their application in the enantioselective recognition of arginine
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Cao Fangling , Lu Chenxiang , Song Zhe , Dai Zhenya
Published: January 2024

Arginine (Arg) plays a crucial and multifaceted role in various biological processes, encompassing cell division, wound healing, immune system modulation, and plant signaling.
Understanding the initial events of the oxidative damage and protection mechanisms of the AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase family
Authors: Hagemann Marlisa M. , Wieduwilt Erna K. , Hedegård Erik D.
Published: January 2024

We employed a QM/MM model for two different LPMOs and show that the direct oxidation of a tyrosine is crucial for protection against oxidative damage, while the formation of a tyrosyl via a histidyl is generally not feasible.
On the explicit Hermitian solutions of the continuous‐time algebraic Riccati matrix equation for controllable systems
Authors: Zhang Liangyin , Chen Michael Z. Q. , Gao Zhiwei , Ma Lifeng
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes explicit solutions for the algebraic Riccati matrix equation. For single‐input systems in controllable canonical form, the explicit Hermitian solutions of the non‐homogeneous Riccati equation are obtained using the entries of the system matrix, the closed‐loop system matrix, and the weighting matrix. The unknown entries of the closed‐loop system matrix are solved by scalar quadratic equations. For a homogeneous Riccati equation with a zero weighting matrix, the explicit solutions are proposed analytically in terms of the system eigenvalues. The advantages of the explicit solutions are threefold: first, if the system is controllable, the solution is directly given and the invariant subspaces of the Hamiltonian matrix are not required; second, if the system is near singularity, the explicit solution has higher numerical precision compared with the solution computed by numerical algorithms; third, for a real system in the controllable canonical form, the non‐negativity can be analysed for the explicit almost stabilizing solution.
Clean, performance‐robust, and performance‐sensitive historical information based adversarial self‐distillation
Authors: Li Shuyi , Hu Hongchao , Huo Shumin , Liang Hao
Published: January 2024

Adversarial training suffers from poor effectiveness due to the challenging optimisation of loss with hard labels. To address this issue, adversarial distillation has emerged as a potential solution, encouraging target models to mimic the output of the teachers. However, reliance on pre‐training teachers leads to additional training costs and raises concerns about the reliability of their knowledge. Furthermore, existing methods fail to consider the significant differences in unconfident samples between early and late stages, potentially resulting in robust overfitting. An adversarial defence method named Clean, Performance‐robust, and Performance‐sensitive Historical Information based Adversarial Self‐Distillation (CPr & PsHI‐ASD) is presented. Firstly, an adversarial self‐distillation replacement method based on clean, performance‐robust, and performance‐sensitive historical information is developed to eliminate pre‐training costs and enhance guidance reliability for the target model. Secondly, adversarial self‐distillation algorithms that leverage knowledge distilled from the previous iteration are introduced to facilitate the self‐distillation of adversarial knowledge and mitigate the problem of robust overfitting. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method on CIFAR‐10, CIFAR‐100, and Tiny‐ImageNet datasets. The results demonstrate that the CPr&PsHI‐ASD method is more effective than existing adversarial distillation methods in enhancing adversarial robustness and mitigating robust overfitting issues against various adversarial attacks.
Machine learning unveils RNA polymerase II binding as a predictor for SMAD2‐dependent transcription dynamics in response to Actvin signalling
Authors: Shi Dan , Feng Weihua , Zi Zhike
Published: January 2024

The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily, including Nodal and Activin, plays a critical role in various cellular processes. Understanding the intricate regulation and gene expression dynamics of TGF‐β signalling is of interest due to its diverse biological roles. A machine learning approach is used to predict gene expression patterns induced by Activin using features, such as histone modifications, RNA polymerase II binding, SMAD2‐binding, and mRNA half‐life. RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing datasets were analysed and differentially expressed SMAD2‐binding genes were identified. These genes were classified into activated and repressed categories based on their expression patterns. The predictive power of different features and combinations was evaluated using logistic regression models and their performances were assessed. Results showed that RNA polymerase II binding was the most informative feature for predicting the expression patterns of SMAD2‐binding genes. The authors provide insights into the interplay between transcriptional regulation and Activin signalling and offers a computational framework for predicting gene expression patterns in response to cell signalling.
Chemical components of different solvent extracts of Asclepias curassavica L. and antibacterial effect of the extracts on tomato pathogens
Authors: Aktepe Benian Pınar , Ferahoğlu Elif , Aysan Yeşim , Kırıcı Saliha
Published: January 2024

The use of environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural methods in the control of diseases and pests is of great importance. In both conventional and organic agricultural production systems, the utilization of various plant extracts as part of integrated pest management has gained significance in recent years. The chemical constituents of various solutions derived from the flowers, leaves, and roots of the Asclepias curassavica L. plant were investigated, along with the possibilities of utilizing these solutions in the control of tomato plant pathogenic bacteria. As a result of the analysis, acetic acid in 60% and 80% ethanol solutions, as well as acetic acid methy ester in 60% and 80% methanol solutions, were detected in the flowers, leaves, and roots. The effects of A. curassavica flower, leaf, and root extracts, prepared using three different solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol), were investigated on eight different pathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Clavibacter michiganensis, Dickeya zeae, Pectobacterium caratovorum, Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Pseudomonas tomato, Pseudomonas viridiflava, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria) that cause diseases in plants. Several main compounds such as acetic acid, acetic acid. methyl ester, Furfural, 2-Furanmethanol, 4H-Pyran-4-one. 2.3-dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, Glycerin, Benzo furan. 2.3-dihydro- and 5-Hydroxy methyl furfural were identified as analyzed by GC-MS with different concentrations of ethanol and methanol solutions used for the flower, leaves and root of A. curassavica plants. The flower extract prepared with 80% ethanol exhibited a higher inhibition zone (ranging from 1.5 mm to 5.3 mm) in all pathogens, compared to other applications. The successful suppression effect of A. curassavica flower extracts on this disease is promising, especially in organic farming areas. Additionally, since it is environmentally friendly and sustainable, it can be included in integrated control methods to prevent the loss of productivity caused by diseases.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Urban Development; A Case Study of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus
Authors: Sandal Erzurumlu Gülden , Kahveci Barış
Published: January 2024

Our cities have been rapidly developing both vertically and horizontally in recent years due to the increasing urban population, advancing technology, and the desire to utilize urban investment areas. The direction of urban development is determined by many factors such as social, cultural, economic, and transportation, which influence and shape the cities’ growth. In addition to these factors, structures with high usage attractiveness such as hospitals, shopping malls, sports complexes, and university campuses play a significant role in directing the development of the city. This study evaluates the impact of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus on the direction of urban development and determines whether it has the potential to accelerate urban transformation and urban sprawl. In the study, the university’s historical process was evaluated, and breakpoints where the number of students, faculties, and departments increased in campus development were determined. Based on these breakpoints, the direction of urban development in Niğde city was evaluated using geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite images from the specified dates to assess the development direction of residential areas.
Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Presence and Usage Activities in Tokat
Authors: Alan Mustafa , Taner Alper , Duran Hüseyin , Mengstu Mahtem T.
Published: January 2024

In this study, the area of influence of agricultural machinery in Tokat, its districts and the size of the cultivated area were compared. Required number of machineries was evaluated. Thus, the machines were divided into seven groups (Soil Tillage Machinery, Sowing and Planting Machinery, Maintenance and Fertilization Machinery, Plant Protection Machinery, Harvesting Machinery, Combine Harvester, Tractors). Data on the number of cultivated areas and agricultural machinery were taken from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The number of machines, daily working time, annual workable days, effective working capacity, and machine impact area for each machine were calculated separately. Based on this data, the number of machines that should be in each district was determined. As a result, it was determined that the number of Subsoiler, Combi Harrow, Stone Collecting Machinery, Rotary Cultivator, Soil levelling Machinery, Rotary Tiller, Seedling Planting Machinery, Arc Opening Plough, Manure Spreading Machinery, Baler, and Combine Harvester is insufficient in the province of Tokat. It was determined that other machines in the groups were more than necessary. Baler had the highest deficit, while tractor had the highest surplus. The importance of planning in enterprises and the machines that should be prioritized in the production of industrialists have been revealed.
Investigation of goose breeding in Turkiye by linear and nonlinear regression models
Authors: Çelik Güney Melis
Published: January 2024

In this study, the change in the number of geese breeding in Turkiye over the years was examined by linear and non-linear regression models. Among linear and non-linear regression models, linear, quadratic, cubic, logarithmic, and inverse regression models were used. R2 and MSE values were taken as criteria for comparing the models. As a result of the study, the cubic regression model with the highest R2 value and the lowest MSE value was found to be the best fitting model for the number of geese. According to the cubic regression model, the number of geese in Turkiye in 2023 and 2024 was estimated to be 1849304 and 2107588, respectively.
Investigation of genotype and allele distribution of ppargc1a-t19c locus in holstein cattle
Authors: Bayraktar Mervan
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele distribution of the PPARGC1A-T19C locus in Holstein cattle. The PPARGC1A gene plays a crucial role in significant metabolic processes such as adaptive thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis, skeletal muscle fiber type switching, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adipogenesis. Additionally, it holds a key role in the activation of many hormone receptors and transcription factors, thereby emerging as a potential candidate gene for the milk traits of cattle. In this study, genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method on 50 Holstein animal samples. The 205 bp PCR product was digested with the BsuRI restriction enzyme to reveal genotypic differentiation. Two different genotypes, TC and CC, were identified. The genotype frequencies were found to be 0.30 (TC) and 0.70 (CC). Allele frequencies were determined as 0.15 (T) and 0.85 (C). The Chi-square test showed that the PPARGC1A-T19C locus distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.05). In conclusion, these findings can be utilized to understand intra-breed genetic diversity and develop more effective selection strategies in the genetic improvement programs of the breed.
Comparison of sheep and goat colostrum fatty acids contents
Authors: Anitaş Özgül , Göncü Serap
Published: January 2024

The quality and content of colostrum is a very important factor for the health of the offspring. Colostrum is the first food that ensures the growth and development of offspring and their immunity against diseases. Colostrum composition is affected by many factors such as calving season, number of lactations, length of dry period, maternal diseases, age and breed. The animal material of the research consisted of Awassi sheep and Saanen goats raised in Adana province, where Mediterranean conditions prevail, and these animals were kept in semi-intensive conditions. In the study, fatty acids of sheep and goat colostrums were determined by gas chromatography device. As a result of the analysis, 26 fatty acids were detected in Awasi sheep and 27 fatty acids in Saanen goats. Erucic acid was not detected in Awasi sheep colostrum. The colostrum fatty acids with the highest percentage in both breeds wre oleic acid (Awassi sheep: 36.32%, Saanen goat: 25.68%) and palmitic acid (Awassi sheep: 28.15%, Saanen goat: 29.20%) was determined as. ∑SFA rates were found to be higher in Saanen goat colostrum, and ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA rates were found to be higher in Awassi sheep.
Adapting hip arthroplasty practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: Assessing the impact of outpatient care sudden increase on early complications and clinical outcomes
Authors: Foissey Constant , Pineda Tomas , Servien Elvire , Fontalis Andreas , Batailler Cécile , Lustig Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected access to timely care for patients with hip osteoarthritis requiring total hip replacement (THR). This study aimed to assess the changes in surgical activity, outpatient treatment, length of stay (LOS), discharge destinations, readmission rates, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction before and after the pandemic at our institution. Materials and methods: This retrospective study encompassed patients undergoing primary THR through the direct anterior approach at a single university hospital. Data on demographic characteristics, surgical technique, perioperative management, LOS, discharge destinations, complications, and clinical outcomes were collected. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the pre-pandemic (2019) and post-pandemic (2022) periods was conducted. Results: There was a 14% increase in surgical activity post-pandemic, with 214 patients undergoing surgery in 2019 versus 284 in 2022. The percentage of patients managed as outpatients significantly increased from 0.5% in 2019 to 29.6% in 2022 (p < 0.001). LOS decreased from 2.7 ± 1 [0–8] days to 1.4 ± 1.1 [0–12] days (p < 0.001), and the rate of discharge to rehabilitation centres declined from 21.5% to 8.8% (p < 0.001). No significant increase in the readmission rates was observed (1.4% in both periods). At two months postoperatively, the mean HHS and satisfaction rates were comparable between the two groups (p = 1 and p = 0.73, respectively). Discussion: Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical activity at our institution demonstrated an increase compared to the pre-pandemic levels by expanding outpatient care, reducing LOS, and increasing rates of home discharges. Importantly, these changes did not adversely affect rehospitalization rates or early clinical outcomes.

Level of evidence: IV
In Vivo Kinematic Analysis of Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty during High Flexion Activities
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Yamazaki Takaharu , Tamaki Masashi , Inui Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae , Tomita Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

Mobile-bearing (MB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has high conformity between the femoral articular surface and the meniscal bearing; therefore, the surface and subsurface contact stress is reduced. Additionally, the survival rate is high. However, the in vivo kinematics of MB UKA knees during high-flexion activities of daily living remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the three-dimensional kinematics of MB UKA knees during high-flexion activities of daily living. A total of 17 knees of 17 patients who could achieve kneeling after MB UKA were examined. Under fluoroscopy, each patient performed squatting and kneeling motions. To estimate the spatial position and orientation of the knee, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional registration technique was used. We evaluated the femoral rotation and varus–valgus angle relative to the tibia and the anteroposterior translation of the medial sulcus (medial side) and lateral epicondyle (lateral side) of the femur on the plane perpendicular to the tibial mechanical axis in each flexion angle. From 130° to 140° of flexion, the femoral external rotation during squatting was significantly smaller than that during kneeling. Additionally, the medial side of the femur during squatting was significantly more posteriorly located compared with that during kneeling. There was no significant difference between squatting and kneeling in terms of the lateral side of the femur and the varus–valgus position in each flexion angle. At high flexion angle, the kinematics of MB UKA knees may differ depending on the performance.
Time analysis of online consumer behavior by decision trees, GUHA association rules, and formal concept analysis
Authors: Pitka Tomáš , Bucko Jozef , Krajči Stanislav , Krídlo Ondrej , Guniš Ján , Šnajder Ľubomír , Antoni Ľubomír , Eliaš Peter
Published: January 2024

Data analytics plays a significant role within the context of the digital business landscape, particularly concerning online sales, aiming to enhance understanding of customer behaviors in the online realm. We review the recent perspectives and empirical findings from several years of scholarly investigation. Furthermore, we propose combining computational methods to scrutinize online customer behavior. We apply the decision tree construction, GUHA (General Unary Hypotheses Automaton) association rules, and Formal concept analysis for the input dataset of 9123 orders (transactions) of sports nutrition, healthy foods, fitness clothing, and accessories. Data from 2014 to 2021, covering eight years, are employed. We present the empirical discoveries, engage in a critical discourse concerning these findings, and delineate the constraints inherent in the research process. The decision tree for classification of the year’s fourth quarter implies that the most important attributes are country, gross profit category, and delivery. The classification of the morning time implies that the most important attributes are gender and country. Thus, the potential marketing strategies can include heterogeneous conditions for men and women based on these findings. Analyzing the identified groups of customers by concept lattices and GUHA association rules can be valuable for targeted marketing, personalized recommendations, or understanding customer preferences.
Modeling fish group swimming to optimize underwater vehicle performance
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: January 2024

Investigating the hydrodynamic performance of manta rays under staggered propulsion provides insight into the group formation setting of bionic underwater vehicles.
Domain walls speed up in insulating ferrimagnetic garnets
Authors: Caretta Lucas , Avci Can Onur
Published: January 2024

Magnetic domain walls (DWs) are the finite boundaries that separate the regions of uniform magnetization in a magnetic material. They constitute a key research topic in condensed matter physics due to their intriguing physics and relevance in technological applications. A multitude of spintronic concepts for memory, logic, and data processing applications have been proposed, relying on the precise control of DWs via magnetic fields and electric currents. Intensive research into DWs has also spurred interest into chiral magnetic interactions, topology, and relativistic physics. In this article, we will first review the rapid evolution of magnetic DW research and, in particular, the current-driven DW motion enabled by the improved understanding of DW dynamics and the development of suitable ferrimagnetic thin films. We will then provide an outlook on future directions in DW dynamics research exploiting ferrimagnetic garnets as a tunable material platform.
Direct measurement of dynamic attractant gradients reveals breakdown of the Patlak–Keller–Segel chemotaxis model
Authors: Phan Trung V. , Mattingly Henry H. , Vo Lam , Marvin Jonathan S. , Looger Loren L. , Emonet Thierry
Published: January 2024

Chemotactic bacteria not only navigate chemical gradients, but also shape their environments by consuming and secreting attractants. Investigating how these processes influence the dynamics of bacterial populations has been challenging because of a lack of experimental methods for measuring spatial profiles of chemoattractants in real time. Here, we use a fluorescent sensor for aspartate to directly measure bacterially generated chemoattractant gradients during collective migration. Our measurements show that the standard Patlak–Keller–Segel model for collective chemotactic bacterial migration breaks down at high cell densities. To address this, we propose modifications to the model that consider the impact of cell density on bacterial chemotaxis and attractant consumption. With these changes, the model explains our experimental data across all cell densities, offering insight into chemotactic dynamics. Our findings highlight the significance of considering cell density effects on bacterial behavior, and the potential for fluorescent metabolite sensors to shed light on the complex emergent dynamics of bacterial communities.
Defected twisted ring topology for autonomous periodic flip–spin–orbit soft robot
Authors: Qi Fangjie , Li Yanbin , Hong Yaoye , Zhao Yao , Qing Haitao , Yin Jie
Published: January 2024

Periodic spin–orbit motion is ubiquitous in nature, observed from electrons orbiting nuclei to spinning planets orbiting the Sun. Achieving autonomous periodic orbiting motions, along circular and noncircular paths, in soft mobile robotics is crucial for adaptive and intelligent exploration of unknown environments—a grand challenge yet to be accomplished. Here, we report leveraging a closed-loop twisted ring topology with a defect for an autonomous soft robot capable of achieving periodic spin-orbiting motions with programmed circular and re-programmed irregular-shaped trajectories. Constructed by bonding a twisted liquid crystal elastomer ribbon into a closed-loop ring topology, the robot exhibits three coupled periodic self-motions in response to constant temperature or constant light sources: inside-out flipping, self-spinning around the ring center, and self-orbiting around a point outside the ring. The coupled spinning and orbiting motions share the same direction and period. The spinning or orbiting direction depends on the twisting chirality, while the orbital radius and period are determined by the twisted ring geometry and thermal actuation. The flip–spin and orbiting motions arise from the twisted ring topology and a bonding site defect that breaks the force symmetry, respectively. By utilizing the twisting-encoded autonomous flip–spin–orbit motions, we showcase the robot’s potential for intelligently mapping the geometric boundaries of unknown confined spaces, including convex shapes like circles, squares, triangles, and pentagons and concaves shapes with multi-robots, as well as health monitoring of unknown confined spaces with boundary damages.
Elf1 promotes Rad26’s interaction with lesion-arrested Pol II for transcription-coupled repair
Authors: Sarsam Reta D. , Xu Jun , Lahiri Indrajit , Gong Wenzhi , Li Qingrong , Oh Juntaek , Zhou Zhen , Hou Peini , Chong Jenny , Hao Nan , Li Shisheng , Wang Dong , Leschziner Andres E.
Published: January 2024

Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that removes bulky lesions in the transcribed genome. Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB), or its yeast ortholog Rad26, has been known for decades to play important roles in the lesion-recognition steps of TC-NER. Another conserved protein ELOF1, or its yeast ortholog Elf1, was recently identified as a core transcription-coupled repair factor. How Rad26 distinguishes between RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stalled at a DNA lesion or other obstacles and what role Elf1 plays in this process remains unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of Pol II-Rad26 complexes stalled at different obstacles that show that Rad26 uses a common mechanism to recognize a stalled Pol II, with additional interactions when Pol II is arrested at a lesion. A cryo-EM structure of lesion-arrested Pol II-Rad26 bound to Elf1 revealed that Elf1 induces further interactions between Rad26 and a lesion-arrested Pol II. Biochemical and genetic data support the importance of the interplay between Elf1 and Rad26 in TC-NER initiation. Together, our results provide important mechanistic insights into how two conserved transcription-coupled repair factors, Rad26/CSB and Elf1/ELOF1, work together at the initial lesion recognition steps of transcription-coupled repair.
The role of perceptual salience in a strengthening sound change
Authors: Denbaum-Restrepo Nofiya , Raynor Eliot
Published: January 2024

The current study examines the extent to which perceptual factors may account for the emergence of assibilated
variants of the alveopalatal approximant /j/ in two geographically remote varieties of Spanish. Participants from Medellin,
Colombia and Santiago, Dominican Republic completed a discrimination task and a matched guise. Both tasks presented listeners with
stimuli containing affricate [ʤ] and approximant [j] allophones of /j/. Participants were more accurate when discriminating
between sound pairs that included the affricate allophone, suggesting that the presence of (af)frication is a salient acoustic cue
upon which judgments are reliably made. Therefore, we argue that the emergence of assibilated variants ([ʤ], [ʒ]) can be explained
in part by more prominent acoustic cuing and thus greater perceptual salience. Evidence of the relationship between these findings
and a possible sound change in progress is observed in the association of social characteristics with [ʤ] and [j].
Management of Herbicide-Resistant Common Lambsquarters,
Chenopodium album
, in Atlantic Canada
Authors: McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew
Published: January 2024

Common lambsquarters (
Chenopodium album
) is one of the most troublesome annual broadleaf weeds in potato production in Atlantic Canada. Historically controlled by a combination of cultivation and herbicides, potato producers now often rely on a single herbicide application to provide season long control of common lambsquarters. The reliance on a few herbicides for common lambsquarters control has led to widespread incidence of herbicide resistance in this species, negatively impacting potato yield. This case study explores common lambsquarters’ biology, development of herbicide resistance, and the evolving management practices including chemical, cultural, and mechanical to help mitigate its impact on potato productivity.

Information

© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2024