bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B42: Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27, HSPB1) is up-regulated by MET kinase inhibition and limits the effectiveness of inhibitors
Authors: Musiani Daniele , Rivera Alberto Ramirez , Konda John David , Pavan Simona , Torchiaro Erica , Olivero Martina , Di Renzo Maria Flavia
Published: March 2013

The receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is encoded by the MET oncogene and its activation results in cell growth, survival, motility and invasiveness. Deregulated HGF/MET signaling is observed in many tumors and both HGF and MET are attractive candidates for targeted therapies. Unexpectedly, we found that in ovarian cancer cells the activation of the MET receptor downmodulated the expression of the small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), which functions as a molecular chaperone and as an antiapoptotic protein. In MET addicted gastric carcinoma cells, where MET is constitutively active, MET kinase inhibition by JNJ-38877605 up-regulated HSP27 expression. More importantly, in these gastric carcinoma cells suppression of HSP27 was alone able to induce cell death and increased cell susceptibility to MET inhibition. HSP27 suppression did not affect MET stability and phosphorylation, but increased activation of caspase 3, which is a known HSP27 client protein. Regulation of HSP27 expression by MET signaling occurred at transcriptional level, as confirmed by the use of HSP27 promoter in a reporter assay. It was not due to the engagement of HSF1, the master key transcription factor regulating HSPs expression, but depended on MEK activation and resulting HIF 1alpha stabilization. MEK inhibition and HIF 1 alpha silencing resulted in the induction of HSP27, suggesting a direct or indirect transcriptional repression. Altogether data show that MET activation down-regulates and MET inhibition up-regulates HSP27 expression, and that HSP27 increased expression protects cells from death induced by MET inhibitors. Therefore, in therapies with MET targeting agents, HSP27 increase might impair the effectiveness of MET inhibitors. As it is known that HSP27 protects cells for chemotherapeutics, data suggest that HSP27 might strongly affect combinatorial treatments.
Abstract B57: Overcoming Acquired Resistance in Philadelphia-Positive (Ph+) Leukemia
Authors: Khateb Mamduh , Najajrah Yousef , Ruthardt Martin , Mahajna Jamal
Published: March 2013

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of p210Bcr-Abl which exhibits an abnormal kinase activity. Selective Abl kinase inhibitors (AKIs) have been successfully established for the treatment of CML. Despite high rates of clinical response, CML patients can develop resistance. Acquired resistance to AKIs in Ph+ leukemia is mostly due to the acquisition of point mutations within the Bcr-Abl Kinase by either reducing the affinity of the kinase domain to the ATP-competitor or stabilizing the active confirmation of the Abl kinase domain. Thus, acquired drug resistance in Philadelphia positive (Ph+) leukemia and in particular the gatekeeper mutation, T315I, to Abl kinase inhibitors (AKIs), represents a major obstacle in overcoming Bcr-Abl positive leukemia. T315I mutation is refractory to clinically available AKIs, as well as to Abl allosteric inhibitors such as GNF-2.

In this study, we documented cooperation between AKIs and GNF-2 in inhibiting proliferation and clonigenicity of Ba/F3 cells carrying T315I mutated Bcr-Abl. Interestingly, cooperation was most evident between dasatinib and GNF-2. Cooperation was also documented in the ALL SupB15 cell line. Cooperation in cells carrying native Bcr-Abl gene was mediated by Bcr-Abl. In contrast, proliferation and clonigenicity inhibition of Ph+ cells harboring the T315I mutation was not mediated by Bcr-Abl, but apparently by Bcr-Abl-independent mechanisms.

Moreover, previously we have identified oleic acid as the active component in the mushroom Daedalea gibbosa who inhibited the kinase activity of Bcr-Abl apparently by allosteric inhibition. Here, we report that derivatives of oleic acid, oleylamine-carbonyl L-valinol and oleylamine-carbonyl D-valinol, inhibited the activity of the native and T315I mutated Bcr-Abl. Furthermore, oleylamine-carbonyl L-valinol and oleylamine-carbonyl D-valinol, exhibited higher activity toward the oncogenic Bcr-Abl in comparison to native c-Abl in SupB15, Ph-positive ALL cell line.
Abstract B65: MicroRNAs in cancer drug resistance and sensitivity
Authors: Zhu Jian
Published: March 2013

microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides that have been shown to regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and play fundamental roles in diverse biological and pathological processes. MiRNApedia is an in silico discovery tool designed to integrate all microRNA-related information including genetic variation, gene expression, epigenetic regulation, pathways, diseases, clinical outcomes and particularly drug actions. The system documented more than 1,000 microRNAs and 600 therapeutic and experimental compounds including well-known cancer drugs cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-flouracil, gemicitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxal, imatinib, vorinostat, sorafenib and gefitinib etc. For each compound, microRNAs and genes related to its sensitivity and function were compiled from literature and used to construct comprehensive drug-gene-microRNA networks. MicroRNAs played important roles in determining resistance and sensitivity of cancer drugs. For example, miR-21 reduced sensitivities to daunorubicin, topotecan, 5-FU, taxol, doxorubicin, docetaxel, ara-C, arsenic trioxide, gemcitabine and dexamethasome, while miR-146a increased sensitivity to bleomycin and over-expression of miR-221 conferred resistance to tamoxifen. Multiple microRNAs might be involved in the efficacy of a single drug. MiRs -98, -214, -106a, -125b and -630 contributed to cisplatin resistance, while -451, -181a, -148a, -138 and let-7i enhanced its sensitivity. Meanwhile, cisplatin was shown to down-regulate miRs -150 and -106 while up-regulated miRs -34, -16, -17-5p and -125. Drug combination would be the choice to overcome resistance in mono-therapies. Prior to experimental testing, the combination effects of multiple drugs could be assessed computationally by combining annotated information in microRNA targets, signaling pathways and transcriptional regulations etc. For example, trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, might enhance sensitivity of cisplatin by up-regulating p53 and its transcriptional target miR-34 which subsequently down-regulated BCL2, a well-known drug resistance factor. However, if miR-125b, another transcriptional target of p53, was up-regulated, the combination might turn out to be antagonistic. Mechanistically, miR-125b targeted BAK1 which was required for cisplatin sensitivity. Such in silico modeling exercises not only predicted synergism or antagonism, but also identified underlined drivers which could serve as biomarkers for desired therapeutic effects. The potential biomarkers identified by the network modeling approach could be used to guide selection of experimental system (e.g., cell line models) and monitor the combination effectiveness. The present study devised a mechanism to systematically capture microRNA information in regards to cancer drug resistance and established a computational framework to identify potential drug combinations to overcome resistance in cancer therapies.
Abstract B66: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma
Authors: Zimmerman Zachary F. , Chien Andy J. , Moon Randall T.
Published: March 2013

TNF receptor apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) can induce apoptosis in tumor cells with limited toxicity to normal tissue. TRAIL based therapy is promising; however, melanomas are often resistant to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma is linked to patient survival, apoptosis, and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma with Wnt ligand or small molecules on sensitivity to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Treatment of melanoma cell lines with the canonical Wnt ligand Wnt3a strongly enhanced apoptosis induced by recombinant human TRAIL at doses as low as 10 ng/mL as measured by binding of Annexin V or cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP1. Knockdown by siRNA of β-catenin, the ultimate downstream effector of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway completely abrogated this effect. Treatment with the GSK3-β inhibitor CHIR99021, a small molecule activator of the Wnt pathway, also enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, the HMG-COA reductase inhibitor simvastatin, a known Wnt enhancer, significantly increased TRAIL sensitivity in a β-catenin dependent fashion. Treatment of melanoma cells with Wnt3a resulted in increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and PUMA as well as reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Together these results suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a promising novel strategy to overcome resistance to TRAIL in melanoma and warrants exploration of combinatorial therapy with Wnt and TRAIL agonists.
Abstract PR1: NKX2-1/TITF1/TTF-1-induced ROR1 is required to sustain EGFR survival signaling in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Yanagisawa Kiyoshi , Sugiyama Ryoji , Hosono Yasuyuki , Shimada Yukako , Arima Chinatsu , Kato Seiichi , Tomida Shuta , Suzuki Motoshi , Osada Hirotaka , Takahashi Takashi
Published: March 2013

Emerging evidence, though currently sparse, suggests that “lineage-specific transcription factors” with developmental roles in normal progenitor cells of particular lineages may also confer dependency for survival to certain types of cancer cells. Accumulated evidence indicates that NKX2-1, a lineage-specific transcription factor also known as TITF1 and TTF-1, which is expressed in a major fraction of lung adenocarcinomas, plays essential roles in peripheral lung development. We previously identified NKX2-1 as a lineage-survival oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, while other investigators reached similar conclusions through genome-wide searches for focal genomic aberrations. Previous findings including ours thus clearly indicate the requirement of sustained NKX2-1 expression for lung adenocarcinoma survival, while it remains elusive how NKX2-1 mediates survival signals.

In the present study, we show that NKX2-1 induces the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), which in turn sustains a favorable balance between prosurvival PI3K-AKT and proapoptotic p38 signaling, in part through ROR1 kinase-dependent c-Src activation. Interestingly, ROR1 was also identified as a receptor tyrosine kinase with a “sustainer role” for the interaction of EGFR-ERBB3 and ERBB3 phosphorylation in a ROR1 kinase-independent manner, consequentially leading to PI3K activation. It was also of note that ROR1 knockdown effectively inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell lines irrespective of their EGFR status, including those with resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Secondary EGFR mutation, MET amplification, and HGF overexpression may arise in lung adenocarcinomas in patients undergoing EGFR-TKI treatment, leading to treatment resistance. The existence of such diverse mechanisms makes it difficult to predict which should be targeted to prevent expansion of resistant clones. From a clinical point of view, it is thus of particular interest that ROR1 inhibition appears to be effective for treatment of gefitinib-resistant lung adenocarcinomas with various resistance mechanisms.

Taken together, the present findings identify ROR1 as an “Achilles' heel” in lung adenocarcinomas. Future development of novel therapeutic means including ROR1-specific antibodies and small molecules that inhibit both or either of the two distinct prosurvival signal-sustaining functions is greatly anticipated for attempts to reduce the intolerable death toll from currently “hard-to-cure” lung adenocarcinomas.

This proffered talk is also presented as Poster A28.
Maintenance of the Response to Dimethyl Sulfoxide Treatment Using Hyperbaric Oxygen in Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study
Authors: Gallego-Vilar Daniel , García-Fadrique Gonzalo , Povo-Martin Ivan , Salvador-Marin Manuel , Gallego-Gomez Juan
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a difficult disease to manage and creates critical limitations in patients' daily lives. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the maintenance of response after the administration of intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Materials and Methods: We conducted an open, prospective, randomized, comparative pilot study with women diagnosed with IC/PBS according to the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis criteria. In the first phase, DMSO was given to all patients. In the second phase, we used 1:1 randomization and administered HBO to 10 women. The evaluated variables were pain (through a visual analog scale), frequency and urgency of voids, nocturia, and quality of life using the O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Score/Problem Index and the King's Health Questionnaire. In the second phase, we measured the length of time that clinical improvement was maintained. Results: The mean age was 47.6 years (SD 18.4). Out of 20 patients, 14 experienced clinical improvement after DMSO in all of the evaluated symptoms (p < 0.05; 95% CI). After the second phase, all patients who received HBO had a more substantive and prolonged maintenance of the effects of DMSO. Conclusions: In this study, HBO improved the maintenance of the beneficial effects of DMSO among women with IC/PBS.
Penile and Sexual Rehabilitation in a Patient with Lymphedema of the Penis
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , de Fatima Guerreiro Godoy Maria , Spessoto Luis Cesar , Nestor Facio Fernando
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study is to report on penile rehabilitation in lymphedema of the penis with a new compression mechanism and the implantation of a penile prosthesis for sexual rehabilitation. The case of a 72-year-old patient with a history of edema of the penis for 6 years is reported. The patient reported that he had had periods of edema and redness and that the swelling had worsened over time. A clinical diagnosis of lymphedema of unknown etiology was made; the hypotheses were that the etiology was late congenital lymphedema of the penis or lymphedema aggravated by inflammation and/or infection. A new compression mechanism made using a cotton-polyester fabric (low elasticity and ribbed) was employed. The continued use of compression therapy led to almost complete reduction of the edema and the patient tried to return to be sexually active. A specific medication was used for erectile dysfunction; however, it resulted in no improvement and so a penile prosthesis was implanted.
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis due to Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fan David Sicong , Sorser Serge Alexander , Gamarra Roberto Mauro
Published: March 2013

Sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease defined by both inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the biliary tract leading to diffuse stricture formation. This entity exists in both a primary and secondary form. Here we present a rare case of secondary sclerosing cholangitis due to direct metastasis from a gallbladder adenocarcinoma. A 55-year-old morbidly obese male presented electively with a 2-week history of low back pain and scleral icterus for 2 days. He also described severe epigastric pain that worsened postprandially and a 13 kg weight loss over the previous month. The patient denied any personal or familial history of malignancy or prior liver disease. Laboratory evaluation revealed mild elevation of transaminases with moderately elevated alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Imaging included ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showing multiple large gallstones and a large tissue density mass within the fundus of the gallbladder. Subsequent endoscopic ultrasound was performed revealing celiac and portal lymphadenopathy with fine needle aspirations demonstrating adenocarcinoma. Over the next 15 days, bilirubin progressively increased. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was unremarkable. Liver biopsy, performed to exclude other etiologies of liver failure, demonstrated biliary cholestasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was then performed and an occlusion cholangiogram revealed diffuse multifocal stricturing of the intrahepatic bile ducts and moderate stenosis of the common bile duct without proximal ductal dilatation. Thus secondary sclerosing cholangitis due to gallbladder adenocarcinoma was diagnosed.
Epidemiological Study and Risk Factors of Stroke in Assiut Governorate, Egypt: Community-Based Study
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Elfetoh Noha Abo , Al Attar Ghada , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Ali Anwer M. , Hamdy Ahmed , Kandil Mahmoud R. , Farweez Hassan
Published: March 2013

Background: Because there have been no epidemiological studies of stroke in Egypt, a community-based survey was conducted in the Assiut Governorate to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in our community. Methods: A three-phase door-to-door study was performed in which 6,498 participants were chosen by random sampling from 7 districts in Assiut (first phase). Out of this sample, 578 dropped out leaving 3,066 males (51.8%) and 2,854 females (48.2%). There were 3,660 (61.8%) urban residents and 2,260 (38.2%) from the rural community. In the second phase participants were screened using the questionnaire for stroke, while the third phase involved medical evaluation of all suspected cases, with diagnosis of stroke confirmed by evaluation of CT scans. The Mini Mental State Examination and Hamilton Depression Scale were evaluated for each patient. Results: 65 participants were identified as positive on the survey questionnaire, but only 57 patients were found to have stroke, giving a crude prevalence rate of 963/100,000 inhabitants with an age-adjusted local prevalence rate of 699.2/100,000 and an age-adjusted prevalence relative to the standard world population of 980.9/100,000. The prevalence among males was higher than females (1174/100,000 vs. 736/100,000) with a ratio 1.7:1. There was a significantly higher prevalence of ischemic (895/100,000) than hemorrhagic (68/100,000) stroke. Stroke prevalence was the same in rural and urban areas and in males and females. There was, however, a significantly higher prevalence in illiterate (2413/100,000) than literate participants (357/100,000). Forty-two patients (73.7%) had one or more risk factors for stroke, hypertension being the commonest (66%) and diabetes mellitus second (38.6%). Nine cases had poststroke dementia (15.8%) and 14 cases (24.6%) had mild depression. Conclusions: The overall prevalence rate of stroke is high, especially in older adults, men and illiterate individuals. A higher prevalence of ischemic than hemorrhagic stroke was recorded, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the commonest risk factors in our community.
Advanced Intimal Hyperplasia Without Luminal Narrowing of Leptomeningeal Arteries in CADASIL
Authors: Dong Hairong , Ding Haixia , Young Kelly , Blaivas Mila , Christensen Paul J. , Wang Michael M.
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—

Leptomeningeal artery abnormalities in Cerebral Autosomal–Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) have not been extensively characterized. We quantified substructure and diameter of leptomeningeal arteries in CADASIL compared with age-matched controls and the very old; in addition, we characterized intimal thickening in CADASIL using immunohistochemistry.

Methods—

Frontal and temporal cortex of 6 genetically proven CADASIL brains (average age, 66 years), 6 controls without symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, and 6 very old brains (average age, 89 years) were examined for leptomeningeal artery intimal, medial, and adventitial thickness; inner diameter; and sclerotic index and for smooth muscle markers.

Results—

The intima of CADASIL arteries was thickened 5-fold compared with controls and the very aged (
P
<0.0001). Medial thickness was lower in CADASIL compared with controls and the very old (
P
<0.01). The adventitia was not significantly increased in CADASIL compared with age-matched controls. Arterial diameters were not smaller in CADASIL compared with controls. Sclerotic index was significantly increased in CADASIL compared with other groups (
P
<0.00001). Intimal cells in CADASIL expressed smooth muscle actin, S100A4, and vimentin but not desmin.

Conclusions—

Principle changes of leptomeningeal arteries in CADASIL include intimal thickening and medial thinning, but not luminal narrowing. Smooth muscle–like cells participate in neointimal thickening of CADASIL arteries.
Perepiska [Letters], Mikhail Lifschitz and György Lukács, Moscow: Grundrisse, 2011; Pisma V. Dostalu, V. Arslanovu, M. Mikhailovu [Letters to V. Dostal, V. Arslanov, M. Mikhailov], Mikhail Lifschitz, Moscow: Grundrisse, 2011
Authors: Pavlov Evgeni V.
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The two volumes of letters by Mikhail Lifschitz, recently published in Russian, reveal for the first time certain aspects of his relationship with György Lukács and his general intellectual and cultural role in the long history of Soviet aesthetics. The first volume contains all the known letters between Lifschitz and Lukács; the second volume contains the letters from Lifschitz to three of his younger colleagues. Both volumes throw considerable light on the development of Marxist aesthetics in the Soviet Union from the 1930s to the 1980s. The extensive commentaries and notes provide context for the various discussions in the letters and situate the main issues under consideration within the wider historical and social context of the period.
Making RtoP a Living Reality: Reflections on the 2012 General Assembly Dialogue on Timely and Decisive Response
Authors: Bellamy Alex J.
Published: March 2013

This article reflects upon the UN General Assembly’s 2012 informal interactive dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), which was on the theme of ‘timely and decisive response’. It shows that although Member States recognize that ‘timely and decisive’ responses to genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity could sometimes prove controversial, none disputed the occasional necessity of robust enforcement measures when properly authorized by the Security Council and used as a last resort. Against this backdrop, the paper identifies and engages with three of the key challenges that emerged in the dialogue: the relationship between the the three pillars of RtoP, the problem of consistency in the application of the principle, and the challenge of making prevention a ‘living reality’. The paper identifies ways of navigating these challenges and proposes a pathway for the further consolidation of RtoP in international practice.
The genus Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India with one new species and three new records
Authors: NAMPY SANTHOSH , JOSEPH SHEBA M. , MANUDEV K.M.
Published: March 2013

A synopsis of the genus Commelina in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is presented with one new species and three new records. The new species, C. andamanica is remarkable by its trailing habit without a definite base, solitary and terminal, cucullate spathe with a single cincinnus and two smooth seeds within a capsule. Of the seven species of Commelina recorded, C. attenuata, C. clavata and C. longifolia are new to the islands. An identification key to all the species reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also provided.
Truncospora macrospora sp. nov. (Polyporales) from Southwest China based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: ZHAO CHANG-LIN , CUI BAO-KAI
Published: March 2013

A new polypore, Truncospora macrospora, is described from Southwest China on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. T. macrospora is characterized by an annual habit, pileate basidiocarps with a distinct crust, dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and large ellipsoid, truncate, strongly dextrinoid basidiospores (16.5–19.5 × 8.0–9.5 μm). Molecular study based on sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU regions supported the position of the new species in Truncospora, forming monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BP, 1.00 BPP). Truncospora and Perenniporiella were proved to be sister-genera and grouped with other genera of Perenniporia sensu lato within the core polyporoid clade. An identification key to the species of Truncospora worldwide is provided.
Two new species of Xanthophius Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Xantholinini) from China with notes on X. filum (Kraatz)
Authors: ZHOU YU-LINGZI , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: March 2013

This paper studies the taxonomy of the genus Xanthophius Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Xantholinini). Two new species are described from China: Xanthophius unicidentatus sp. n. from Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guangxi and Hainan, and X. gutianshanensis sp. n. from Zhejiang. The number of species of Xanthophius therefore increased to eight. The elaborate structures of the everted endophallus of X. filum (Kraatz, 1859) is described for the first time and illustrated with a color plate. A key to eight species and their geographical distribution map are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZ-CAS).
Taxonomy and ecology of the Cape Town Spider Crab, Macropodia falcifera (Stimpson, 1858) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Inachidae)
Authors: NG PETER K.L. , DE FORGES BERTRAND RICHER , JONES GEORGINA
Published: March 2013

The nomenclature and taxonomy of the Cape Town Spider Crab, Macropodia falcifera Stimpson, 1858, is treated. The species is rediagnosed and figured, and its ecology discussed. A key is also provided of the Indo-West Pacific species of Macropodia.
A New Sensor Platform for Investigating Turbulence in Stratified Coastal Environments
Authors: Bouffard Damien , Lemmin Ulrich
Published: March 2013

Characterizing and quantifying vertical exchange processes is essential for understanding physical and biological dynamics in stratified lakes and oceans. Unfortunately, the role of mixing is still poorly understood because of the challenges of conducting field research on small-scale turbulence, especially in the vicinity of a thermocline. This study presents a new moored sensor platform that was designed to investigate small-scale turbulence structures in time and space. The objective is to determine all terms of the turbulent energy equation separately and simultaneously. The platform is equipped with a microstructure package for measuring shear, temperature, and temperature gradients, as well as with a vertical array of high-precision thermistor probes and acoustic Doppler velocimeters. The platform can be moved vertically in the water column using a bottom-resting winch that is connected to a shore station by a 1800-m-long communication cable. This cable allows real-time data access and control of the winch, and thus optimization of the measurement strategy. A field study in Lake Geneva, located between Switzerland and France, shows that this system is ideally suited for the analysis of the dynamics of baroclinic motions, such as internal Kelvin waves. First results indicate a clear relationship between low Richardson number and elevated dissipation, and suggest a mean flux Richardson number Rf = 0.14 ± 0.4. However, this measurement campaign was not as conclusive for the reason of the variability of Rf.
High-Ability Students’ Participation in Specialized Instructional Delivery Models
Authors: Assouline Susan G. , Colangelo Nicholas , Heo Nanseol , Dockery Lori
Published: March 2013

Established in the early 1970s, the talent search model has garnered strong theoretical and programming support for addressing the academic needs of highly able students. The two main components of the talent search model are discovery (identification) and development (programming) of academic talent. Discovery of academically talented elementary and middle school students occurs via the process of above-level testing, usually offered through university-based centers. The essence of talent search program intervention is acceleration, which has robust research support as the most effective intervention for high-ability students. Whereas talent search identification and programming are university based, talent search participants receive nearly all of their instruction in K-12 settings, where academic acceleration is less likely to be implemented. In this investigation, a large sample of talent search participants ( n = 5,844) were asked questions designed to measure the various ways in which the students study mathematics, science, and language arts (writing and reading) in the K-12 setting. More than two thirds of the study sample reported that they were taught in the regular classroom, learning the same material, at the same level and pace as nongifted peers. The type of curriculum differentiation or program delivery model (e.g., small-group instruction) reported by the students varied according to subject area, with the greatest percentage of reports of differentiated delivery in mathematics. Main effects were found for gender, grade, and ability. Implications for school-based accelerative interventions are presented.
Behavioral Consequences of Embeddedness
Authors: Molm Linda D. , Melamed David , Whitham Monica M.
Published: March 2013

Network structures have strong effects on the frequency and terms of negotiated exchanges, shaping who exchanges with whom and who fares better or worse. In this study we ask how exchange patterns of commitment and inequality are affected when negotiated exchanges are combined with reciprocal exchanges in more complex relationships of embeddedness. Drawing on the organizational literature on embeddedness and economic performance and the social exchange literature on forms of exchange and integrative bonds, we predict that embedding negotiated exchanges in a relationship of reciprocal exchange will increase the strength of behavioral commitments and reduce the effects of structural power differences on inequality. We base these predictions on two theoretical mechanisms that link forms of exchange to bonds of attachment: the relational climate of trust and solidarity created by reciprocal exchange, and the more cooperative task structure of negotiated exchange. A laboratory experiment provides substantial support for our logic and predictions.
Preformed vs Intraoperative Bending of Titanium Mesh for Orbital Reconstruction
Authors: Strong E. Bradley , Fuller Scott C. , Wiley David F. , Zumbansen Janina , Wilson M. D. , Metzger Marc C.
Published: March 2013

Objective

The most accurate orbital reconstructions result from an anatomic repair of the premorbid orbital architecture. Many different techniques and materials have been used; unfortunately, there is currently no optimal method. This study compares the use of preformed vs intraoperative bending of titanium mesh for orbital reconstruction in 2‐wall orbital fractures.

Study Design

Cadaver‐based study.

Setting

University hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Preinjury computed tomography scans were obtained in 15 cadaveric heads (30 orbits). Stereolithographic (STL) models were fabricated for 5 of the specimens (10 orbits). Two wall fractures (lamina papyracea and floor) were then generated in all orbits. Surgical reconstruction was performed in all orbits using 1 of 3 techniques (10 orbits each): (1) patient‐specific implant molded from the preinjury STL model, (2) titanium mesh sheet bent freehand, and (3) preformed titanium mesh. Each technique was evaluated for orbital volume correction, contour accuracy, ease of use, and cost.

Results

No difference in volume restoration was found between the 3 techniques. Patient‐specific implants had the greatest contour accuracy, poor ease of use, and highest cost. Freehand bending implants had the poorest contour accuracy, acceptable ease of use, and lowest cost. Preformed mesh implants had intermediate contour accuracy, excellent ease of use, and low cost.

Conclusion

All 3 techniques provide equivalent orbital volume correction. However, preformed mesh implants have many advantages based on contour accuracy, ease of use, and relative cost.
Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Viral Replication by In Situ Hybridization in Primary Lymphoid Organs From Naturally and Experimentally Infected Pigs
Authors: Hansen M. S. , Segalés J. , Fernandes L. T. , Grau-Roma L. , Bille-Hansen V. , Larsen L. E. , Nielsen O. L.
Published: March 2013

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). It has been speculated whether cell types permissive of replication are found in the primary lymphoid organs and whether infection of these tissues has an important role in the pathogenesis of PMWS. The aim of this study was to determine if primary lymphoid organ cells support viral replication during PCV2 infection. This was done by histopathological examination of thymus and bone marrow from pigs experimentally inoculated with PCV2 ( n = 24), mock-infected pigs ( n = 12), pigs naturally affected by PMWS ( n = 33), and age-matched healthy control animals ( n = 29). In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to detect PCV2 nucleic acid irrespective of replicative status (complementary probe, CP) or to detect only the replicative form of the virus (replicative form probe, RFP). PCV2 was not detected in the experimentally PCV2-inoculated pigs or the control animals. Among the PMWS-affected pigs, 19 of 20 (95%) thymuses were positive for PCV2 by CP ISH, and 7 of 19 (37%) of these also supported viral replication. By CP ISH, PCV2 was detected in 16 of 33 (48%) bone marrow samples, and 5 of 16 (31%) of these also supported replication. The 2 ISH probes labeled the same cell types, which were histiocytes in both organs and lymphocytes in thymus. The RFP labeled fewer cells than the CP. Thus, PCV2 nucleic acids and replication were found in bone marrow and thymus of PMWS-affected pigs, but there was no evidence that primary lymphoid organ cells are major supporters of PCV2 replication.
An Unusual Cause of Flaccid Paralysis and Coma
Authors: Caron Elena , Morgan Robin , Wheless James W.
Published: March 2013

Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of spasticity in children. The clinical indications for baclofen use in the pediatric population have increased in recent years. Prescribing baclofen mandates education regarding abrupt withdrawal and overdose because of the severe clinical reactions this can precipitate. This report highlights the case of a patient who presented with acute onset of coma and a flaccid paralysis after baclofen overdose. We reviewed the presentation, clinical course, diagnostic studies, and outcome of this patient. A review of prior literature regarding baclofen overdose is included. Baclofen overdose is heralded by dose-related alteration in consciousness and weakness, progressing to coma and a flaccid paralysis. Screening for baclofen overdose is accomplished through high-power liquid chromatography. Baclofen overdose is treated with supportive care and antiepileptic medications as indicated. There is usually full spontaneous recovery with elimination of the medication.
A fault diagnosis method for the tuning area of jointless track circuits based on a neural network
Authors: Zhao Lin-Hai , Zhang Cai-Lin , Qiu Kuan-Min , Li Qiao-ling
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for the tuning area of jointless track circuits (JTCs) that is based on using a neural network. Based on the basic structure and working principle of a JTC and track circuit reader (TCR), the induced voltage amplitude envelope (IVAE) in a TCR under different typical fault modes of the tuning area is modelled using transmission line theory. Then, a quadratic function is used to implement piecewise fitting to the IVAE between the tuning area at the sending end of the track circuit and the fourth compensation capacitor counted from the sending end, for fault feature extraction. On the basis of the feature extracted, a back propagation neural network is constructed and trained for fault diagnosis of the tuning units. Experiments with real data show that this method has many advantages such as high detection accuracy, good adaptability and a wide applied range, etc. It can overcome the disadvantages of the current detection methods in aspects such as detection cost and timeliness. Furthermore, it also improves the safety and efficiency of train operation.
Holocene relative sea-level change and rate of sea-level rise from coastal deposits in the Toyooka Basin, western Japan
Authors: Tanigawa Koichiro , Hyodo Masayuki , Sato Hiroshi
Published: March 2013

This study presents relative sea-level (RSL) change from 11,200 to 500 cal. BP in the Toyooka Basin, western Japan. Diatom assemblage and sedimentary sulfur analyses were performed for 32 sediment cores obtained from thick Holocene fluvial and marine deposits. An age model was constructed based on tephrochronology and 31 radiocarbon ages from elevations of −46.85 to +1.51 m in 19 cores. The RSLs in the Toyooka Basin are −31.05 m in elevation at 10,000 cal BP, above −4.00 m at 7900 cal. BP, −0.47 m at 6700 cal. BP and +0.15 m at 3300 cal. BP. A rapid sea-level rise, at a rate of about 23 mm/yr, is observed during the period from 10,600 to 10,300 cal. BP. Relative sea-level rose at a rate of about 12 mm/yr between 10,000 and 7900 cal. BP. The rate of sea-level rise decelerated at 7900 cal. BP, from about 12 mm/yr (10,000–7900 cal. BP) to 3 mm/yr (7900–6700 cal. BP). The mid-Holocene sea-level highstand probably occurred between 7000 and 6000 cal. BP, but it remains difficult to constrain its elevation. These RSL features described here may provide a typical example of Holocene sea-level changes resulting from both eustatic and hydro-isostatic components for the Japanese islands.
Posterolateral Approach for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Posterior Malleolus Fracture—Hinging on an Intact PITFL to Disimpact the Tibial Plafond
Authors: Franzone Jeanne M. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: March 2013

Level of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.
Dimensions of Public Meeting Participation
Authors: Williamson Anne R. , Scicchitano Michael J.
Published: March 2013

The literature contains a wealth of theorizing and prescription regarding citizen participation, but little in the way of systematic evidence. We seek to increase empirical knowledge of participation through examination of public meeting participation associated with Florida’s Truth-in-Millage Act requirements for local government tax and budget decisions. Unlike existing evidence on public meetings, this research is based on statistical analysis of a random-sample survey ( N = 601) and qualitative analysis of focus group results. In a departure from the standard socioeconomic explanation for citizen participation—which tends to ignore public meetings as a method of participation—we find no statistical difference in public meeting attendance based on gender, age, race, ethnicity, education, or income. Furthermore, we find that although state information requirements likely fulfill a needed purpose in providing transparency and accountability in local government tax and budget matters, they do not motivate public meeting attendance. Finally, our findings reinforce earlier contributions to the literature that emphasize the importance of citizen beliefs regarding political efficacy as a critical component of participation.
Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hall Timothy H. , Dhir Achal
Published: March 2013

Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease. More than 6000 procedures are performed in the United States annually with excellent survival rates. The shortage of donor organs leads to continued interest in techniques to enlarge the potential donor pool. Patients presenting for liver transplant suffer from important cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, neurological, and gastroenterological comorbidity. In the Western world, liver failure is increasingly caused by steatohepatitis, and transplant candidates are thus becoming older and more comorbid. The role of the transplant anesthesiologist is highly important in the preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative care of these complex and sick patients. Appropriate investigation and management of comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and portopulmonary hypertension is controversial and differs between programs. The transplant procedure is a major surgery, and although massive transfusion is no longer commonplace, there is potential for significant hemodynamic instability, coagulopathy, and metabolic disturbance. Liver transplant surgery can be divided into the preanhepatic phase, the anhepatic phase, and the reperfusion phase, with important anesthetic considerations at each point.  An understanding of the surgical techniques used for vascular exclusion of the liver and the role of venovenous bypass is crucial for the anesthesiologist. Recent trends in perioperative care include the use of antifibrinolytic drugs and point-of-care coagulation tests, intraoperative renal replacement therapy, and “fast-track” extubation and postoperative care. Care of patients with fulminant hepatic failure or those receiving split-liver grafts requires special consideration.
Prevalence and co-infection of haemotropic mycoplasmas in Portuguese cats by real-time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Martínez-Díaz Verónica L , Silvestre-Ferreira Ana Cristina , Vilhena Hugo , Pastor Josep , Francino Olga , Altet Laura
Published: March 2013

The diagnosis of feline haemoplasmosis has improved over the years, with several techniques enabling a clear and specific diagnosis, and where polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered as the ‘gold standard’. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of feline haemoplasmas in 320 cats from the north-central region of Portugal by the use of real-time PCR, as well as to evaluate any associations between infection, clinical presentation and risk factors. The overall prevalence of infection by feline haemoplasmas was 43.43% (139/320), where 41.56% (133/320) corresponded to Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum ( CMhm), 12.81% (41/320) to Mycoplasma haemofelis ( Mhf), 4.38% (14/320) to Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and 1.25% (4/320) to Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis. Almost 13% (47/320) of the samples were co-infected, with the most common co-infection being CMhm and Mhf (23.74%). Infection was found statistically significant with feline immunodeficiency/feline leukaemia virus status ( P = 0.034), but no significant association was found for breed, sex, fertility status (neutered/spayed/entire), age, clinical status, living conditions (in/outdoor), anaemia status, or the presence/absence of ticks or fleas. Cats from north-central Portugal are infected with all the known feline haemoplasma species, with CMhm being the most common one. Prevalence of all feline haemoplasmas was higher than that reported previously in cats from other European countries, but similar to that described in Portugal for dogs. These data provide a better perspective regarding Mycoplasma species infection in Europe, and new information that helps us better understand feline haemoplasmosis.
‘Are we there yet?’ Citizens of Serbia and public policy on gender equality within the EU accession context
Authors: Ignjatović Suzana , Bošković Aleksandar
Published: March 2013

This article explores three dimensions of the current state of gender equality in Serbia: public policy on gender equality, public opinion on gender equality and the context of Serbia’s accession to the EU. Using data from the recent (2010) public opinion survey of citizens’ attitudes towards gender equality, the authors address the following issues: (1) harmonization of public policy on gender equality in Serbia with EU policies; (2) differences between public policy on gender equality in Serbia and citizens’ preferences; (3) convergences/divergences between citizens of Serbia and EU citizens regarding gender equality. As Serbia’s policy of promoting gender equality in the last decade has been dominated by the political goal of accession to the EU, it shows where the opinions converge (violence against women is seen as a priority), and where there are certain differences (intervention in gender equality issues). The authors show the complexity of ideological positions among average Serbian citizens, while highlighting different (and sometimes contradictory) paradigms in the official public policy on gender equality. While Serbian citizens still do not place gender equality high on their political agenda, they are convinced that it has a certain value, which does provide some important pointers for the future.
Pornography, Relationship Alternatives, and Intimate Extradyadic Behavior
Authors: Gwinn Andrea Marlea , Lambert Nathaniel M. , Fincham Frank D. , Maner Jon K.
Published: March 2013

Two studies tested the hypothesis that exposure to pornography among romantically committed individuals would increase the likelihood of intimate extradyadic behavior and that this effect would be mediated by heightened perceptions of romantic alternatives. Study 1 ( n = 74) found that participants primed with sexually explicit material reported having higher quality romantic alternatives. Study 2 ( n = 291) showed that initial pornography consumption predicted intimate extradyadic behavior 12 weeks later even after controlling for initial extradyadic behavior, sociosexuality, relationship length, baseline relationship satisfaction, social desirability, and participant gender and race. The relationship between pornography and intimate extradyadic behavior was mediated by perceptions of the quality of romantic alternatives. These results suggest that sexually explicit material can provoke intimate extradyadic behavior via its effect on perceptions of alternative partners.
Individual Well-Being and Relationship Maintenance at Odds
Authors: Arriaga Ximena B. , Capezza Nicole M. , Goodfriend Wind , Rayl Elizabeth S. , Sands Kaleigh J.
Published: March 2013

Partner aggression negatively affects well-being in ways that the people experiencing aggression may not expect. Individuals ( n = 171) who reported aggression by their current partner completed a longitudinal study. At the start of the study, participants rated their current happiness and how happy they expected to feel if their relationship were to end. The data revealed a partner aggression–unhappiness link and evidence of misforecasting future happiness: Committed individuals overestimated their unhappiness after a breakup because they expected worse things from a breakup than actually materialized, and people who experienced high partner aggression overestimated their unhappiness because they became more happy without the partner than they had expected. Forecasting unhappiness after a breakup predicted staying in an aggressive relationship. In aggressive relationships, bias occurs not only in forecasting future happiness but also in misreading how badly one feels now.