bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specificities of transplantation of kidneys procured from donors with situs inversus totalis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Petrovic Milica , Rabrenovic Violeta , Stamenkovic Dusica , Vavic Neven , Kovacevic Zoran , Ignjatovic Ljiljana , Jovanovic Dragan , Antic Svetlana , Milovic Novak , Tomic Aleksandar , Bancevic Vladimir
Published: May 2014

Introduction. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) represents a total vertical
transposition of the thoracic and abdominal organs which are arranged in a
mirror image reversal of the normal positioning 1. We presented a successful
pre-dialysis kidney transplantation from a living sibling donor with SIT and
the longest donor follow-up period, along with analysis of the reviewed
literature. Case report. The pair for pre-dialysis kidney transplantation
included a 68-year-old mother and 34-year-old daughter at low immunological
risk. Comorbidities evidenced in kidney donors with previously diagnosed SIT,
included moderate arterial hypertension and borderline blood glucose level.
Explantation of the left donor kidney and its placement into the right iliac
fossa of the recipient were performed in the course of the surgical
procedure. A month after nephrectomy, second degree renal failure was noticed
in the donor. A 20-month follow-up of the donor?s kidney and graft in the
recipient proved that their functions were excellent. Conclusion. In donors
with previously diagnosed SIT the multidisciplinary approach, preoperative
evaluation of the patient and detection of possible vascular anomalies are
required to provide maximum safety for the donor.
Combustion Behaviour of Solid Propellants for Micro-Thruster
Authors: Hu Songqi , Chen Jing , Hua Yiyin , Hu Zhiwei
Published: May 2014

Solid propellants for micro-thruster are required to have high thermal sensitivity and a lower critical condition of ignition as well as excellent filling properties. The energy properties of ammonium perchlorate (AP)/ hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), AP/nitrocellulose (NC), lead styphnate (LS)/NC and LS/dibasic lead stearate (SQ-2) were obtained from thermodynamic calculations. Thermal decomposition characteristics of LS/NC and LS/SQ-2 mixtures were investigated for different species ratios. The formula ratio of LS to NC was tested for 1 : 1, 6 : 4, and 7 : 3, and the ratio of LS to SQ-2 was tested for 4 : 6, 1 : 1, 6 : 4, and 7 : 3, respectively. Ignition powers of LS/NC and LS/SQ-2 were measured, the formula ratio of LS to NC and LS to SQ-2 was 1 : 1, 6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2, respectively. Micro-impulse tests were carried out for micro-thrusters with a charge of 0.08 mg and 0.1 mg, respectively, and compared with the thrust and impulse obtained by simulations. Results indicated that the thermal stability of LS is decreased by adding NC or SQ-2 to it, meanwhile, the energy produced is promoted. The addition of NC is more effective. The ignition power is 2.16 W when the proportion of LS to NC is 1 : 1. The average thrust peak from 0.08 mg propellant is measured as 0.1543 N, the average impulse is about 6.34 × 10−5 N × s. The thrust peak is 11.89 % higher than the calculated simulation value, while the total impulse is 17.99 % higher. The measured average thrust peak of 0.1 mg is 0.1789 N, which is 18.3 % higher than the calculated value, while the average impulse is about 7.48 × 10−5 N × s and 16.6 % higher than the calculated value.
Aramid-HDPE Composites: Influence of Interface Adhesion Measured by T-peel Test on Tensile Properties
Authors: Bekem Aylin , Dogu Mustafa , Gemici Zafer , Unal Ahmet , Guler Mehmet Hilmi
Published: May 2014

In this study, the influence of using compatibilizer as tie-layer between fiber matrix interfaces in continuous aramid fiber reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was investigated. Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polyethylene and ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) terpolymer were used as compatibilizers at varying layer numbers. Adhesion strength was determined by T-peel test, and tensile test was carried out. It was found that higher MFR (Melt Flow Rate) valued matrix and compatibilizer application increased the mechanical performance. The maximum strength values were obtained with EMA-GMA applications. In observations of peeled parts and cross-sectional slices, interface adhesion was investigated and failure patterns were determined. It was seen that the samples with compatibilizer had more wetted portions especially the EMA-GMA tie-layered ones.
Effect of Li addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al – Mg – Si alloy
Authors: ud Din Shamas , Bin Awais Hasan , ul Haq Tariq Naeem , Mehmood Mazhar
Published: May 2014

The ever increasing utilization of Al – Li alloys for light weight structural applications is limited chiefly due to their lower room temperature formability compared to their Li-free counterparts. In the present work, the effect of 1, 2 and 3 wt.% Li addition to Al – Mg – Si alloy (containing 0.5 wt.% Mg and 0.2 wt.% Si) was studied. Experimental work showed that microstructural features of the second phase particles and mechanical properties changed substantially with Li addition. It was observed that 1 wt.% Li addition resulted in significantly large elongation of over 38 % resembling a super-plastic behavior with decent strength and hardness due to the formation of second phase precipitates uniformly dispersed in α (Al) matrix. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the addition of Li promotes the formation of second phase precipitates, which strongly affect the mechanical properties of Al – Mg – Si alloy. Quite surprisingly, the alloys containing 2 and 3 wt.% Li showed a much reduced ductility and a much higher hardness after aging.
Effect of Production Environment on Seed Quality of Normal and High-Oleate Large Seeded Virginia-Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Sun M. , Spears J. F. , Isleib T. G. , Jordan D. L. , Penny B. , Johnson D. , Copeland S.
Published: May 2014

Six Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars and their paired backcross-derived high-oleate lines were grown during 2003 and 2004 in North Carolina to compare standard germination (SG), cool germination (CG), and electrical conductivity (EC) of seed. Oleic acid level had no influence on SG but did alter CG and EC compared to the corresponding normal oleate cultivars. Averaged across background genotypes, high-oleate lines had lower seed vigor than their paired lines with normal oleic content. The high-oleate lines of three of the six pairs had lower CG and higher EC. Planting and harvest date affected all the seed quality traits measured. Standard germination of both normal and high-oleate lines was reduced in 2004 when harvest was delayed, but was not affected in 2003. In 2003, CG of the high-oleate lines was lower than that of normal lines in three of the four production environments; EC was higher in the high-oleate lines in all planting date and harvest date combinations. In 2004, there was no difference between the CG of normal and high-oleate lines, but EC was higher in the high-oleate lines for three of the four environments. In the greenhouse, the Virginia-type cultivars NC-V 11 and Gregory, along with their paired backcross-derived high-oleate lines were compared at 22/18 C, 26/22 C and 30/26 C day/night temperature regimes. Seed oleic to linoleic acid (O/L) ratio of normal peanut grown in 30/26 C, 26/22 C, and 22/18 C, measured 1.9, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively. The O/L ratio for their high-oleate pairs decreased from 24.7 when grown in 30/26 C to 15.9 in 26/22 C and to 13.7 in 22/18 C. Temperature did not affect the fatty acid composition of axis total lipid or phospholipid fractions. The high-oleate trait was expressed in the axis lipids. The average O/L ratio of axes from normal peanut was 1.1 while that of high-oleate lines was 4.6. Likewise, axis phospholipids for normal and high-oleate lines were 1.0 and 5.9. A lower production environment temperature decreased the O/L ratio of seed oil of high-oleic peanut lines, and the high-oleate trait expressed in peanut seed storage lipids is also expressed in axis membrane lipids to a lesser degree.
Science ideals and science careers in a university biology department
Authors: Long David E.
Published: May 2014

In an ethnographic study set within a biology department of a public university in the United States, incongruity between the ideals and practice of science education are investigated. Against the background of religious conservative students' complaints about evolution in the curriculum, biology faculty describe their political intents for fostering science literacy. This article examines differences that emerge between the department's rhetorical commitment to improve science understanding amongst their students and the realities of course staffing and anxieties about promotion and tenure. Because tenure-track faculty are motivated to focus their careers on research productivity and teaching biology majors, other biology courses are staffed with adjunct instructors who are less equipped to negotiate complex pedagogies of science and religion. In practice, faculty avoid risky conversations about evolution versus creationism with religiously conservative students. I argue that such faculty are complicit, through their silence, in failing to equip their students with the science literacy which their own profession avows is crucial for a well-informed citizenry in a democracy.
Collisions of culture: Academic culture in the neoliberal university
Authors: Lecompte Margaret D.
Published: May 2014

This article describes how different constituencies in a major research university tried to initiate change despite disagreements over common goals, norms and principles. The context was a culture war. The university administration wanted to impose a corporatising and privatising philosophy which it felt was crucial to preserving the university's academic integrity and its financial survival in a time of budgetary crisis. Faculty viewed these actions as serious threats to shared governance, faculty control over the curriculum, instruction and research, academic freedom and the faculty's constitutional rights. These forces played out in the firing and grievance cases of Ward Churchill and Adrienne Anderson, professors whose research and publications angered members of the political and academic establishment and galvanised protests pro and con from the media, conservative politicians and public intellectuals.
Wither the welfare state: The new global adventures of higher education
Authors: Shumar Wesley
Published: May 2014

This summary article situates the articles in this collection within the historical unfolding of the commodification and neoliberalisation of higher education. From the 1970s to the present, the article suggests that commodification and neoliberalisation are two social forces that in many nations are difficult to disentangle. It is important to see these forces as analytically distinct as they set up contradictions whilst transforming higher education in many nations in the world. While commodification begins the process of turning university programmes and degrees into commodities that a consuming public buys, neoliberalism puts pressure on universities to document that people are getting value for the money they spend. Neoliberalism also questions how we measure the quality of a product. Together these forces create an increasingly contradictory space where faculty work becomes very conflicted. The article then goes on to situate each of the articles in this contradictory university space. Finally the article discusses some ways faculty can move beyond resistance and collusion and find ways to reclaim higher education.
Silicon Validation of GALS Methods and Architectures in a State-of-the-Art CMOS Process
Authors: Krstic Milos , Fan Xin , Grass Eckhard , Benini Luca , Kakoee M. R. , Heer Christoph , Sanders Birgit , Strano Alessandro , Miorandi Gabriele , Ghiribaldi Alberto , Bertozzi Davide
Published: May 2014

The GALS methodology has been discussed for many years, but only a few relevant implementations in silicon have been done. This chapter describes the implementation and test of the Moonrake Chip – a complex GALS demonstrator implemented in 40 nm CMOS technology. Two novel types of GALS interface circuits are validated: point-to-point pausible clocking GALS interfaces and GALS NoC interconnects. Point-to-point GALS interfaces are integrated within a complex OFDM baseband transmitter block, and for NoC switches special test structures are defined. This chapter discloses the full structure of the respective interfaces, the complete GALS system, as well as the design flow utilized to implement them on the chip. Moreover, the full set of measurement results are presented, including area, power, and EMI results. Significant benefits and robustness of our applied GALS methodology are shown. Finally, some outlook and vision of the future role of GALS are outlined.
Exploring the Concept of the “Social Media Campaign”
Authors: Francoli Mary
Published: May 2014

On May 2, 2011, Canadians voted in what the news media dubbed “Canada's First Social Media Election.” This allowed Canadians to join their neighbours to the south who, arguably, had gone through one national social media election during the 2008 bid for the presidency. Through a theoretical discussion of what constitutes sociality and networked sociality, and a critical examination of social media as a campaign tool, this chapter asks “What makes a campaign social?” It also asks if the term “social media campaign” adequately describes current campaign practices? In exploring these questions, the chapter draws on the 2011 federal election in Canada and the 2008 American election. Ultimately, the chapter argues we have limited evidence that social media has led to increased sociality when it comes to electoral politics. This calls the appropriateness of the term “social media campaign” into question. Such lack of evidence stems from the dynamism of networked sociality, which renders it difficult to understand, and methodological difficulties when it comes to capturing what it means to be “social.”
Crowdsourcing for large-scale mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) sampling
Authors: Maki Elin C. , Cohnstaedt Lee W.
Published: May 2014

Sampling a cosmopolitan mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species throughout its range is logistically challenging and extremely resource intensive. Mosquito control programmes and regional networks operate at the local level and often conduct sampling activities across much of North America. A method for large-scale sampling of two mosquito species using crowdsourcing to network with these local and regional programmes is described. A total of 961 mosquito vector and control districts, health departments, and individual collectors across the United States of America and Canada were contacted in 2011 and 2012 of which 9% positively responded by sending mosquitoes. In total, 1101 unique population samples of Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett were collected throughout their range in these two countries. Aedes vexans outgroup samples were also submitted from Europe and Asia. This is the largest crowd-sourced collection of samples to date.
Diet breadth ofGynaephora groenlandica(Lepidoptera: Erebidae): is polyphagy greater in alpine versus Arctic populations?
Authors: Barrio I.C. , Hik D.S. , Liu J.Y.
Published: May 2014

Gynaephora groenlandica(Wocke) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a cold-adapted species, whose life history traits are dictated by cold and short Arctic summers. We used a recently discovered alpine tundra population in southwestern Yukon, Canada to investigate local adaptations to habitats with different environmental conditions (alpine versus Arctic). Using cafeteria-type experiments and field observations we examined the diet breadth of alpine populations ofG. groenlandica beringianaSchmidt and Cannings, and compared these to published data on High Arctic populations ofG. groenlandica groenlandicaand to the closely relatedG. rossiiCurtis.Gynaephora groenlandica beringianaappears to have a broader diet than High Arctic populations, but similar to that exhibited by alpine populations ofG. rossii. Such trends could emerge from reduced synchrony between herbivores and their host plants in less extreme environments, and possibly from a reduced incidence of parasitoids in the life cycle of these populations. Our findings indicate the larval host plant plasticity ofG. groenlandicain different environments, and are relevant to predictions regarding the fate of these populations under climate warming scenarios.
Preliminary interpretations of high-resolution airborne radiometric data, Athabasca Basin region
Authors: Fortin R , Harvey B J A , Campbell J E , Potter E
G , Sinclair L E , Jefferson C
W
Published: May 2014

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry provides measurements of the surface concentrations of potassium (K), equivalent uranium (eU) and equivalent thorium (eTh). The resulting radiometric maps present intricate spatial variations that are controlled among other things
by the complex surface processes and the inherent statistical fluctuations of radioactive decays. To enhance the readability of the radiometric images, radiometric domains, spatially-restricted areas presenting a distinctive signature, can be traced to provide local baselines of the surface
concentrations of the natural radioelements. This approach was applied to airborne gamma-ray survey data from the "Eastern Athabasca Basin" survey, in Saskatchewan. Ground spectrometry measurements were conducted in 2013 within the radiometric domains that were identified and compare well with
domain averages calculated from the airborne survey data.
Logs of short push cores, deep-water margin of Flemish Cap and the eastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Weitzman J , Ledger S , Stacey C D , Strathdee G , Piper D J W , Jarrett K A , Higgins J
Published: May 2014

Push core subsamples were acquired from 372 box cores on the outer continental margin of Newfoundland, from Flemish Pass, Flemish Cap, the Southeast Grand Banks Slope and the slope off Tail of the Bank, in water depths of 600-2000 m. Lithological columns, digital
colour, and selected physical properties are reported for all push cores. Grain size, organic carbon and inorganic carbon analyses are reported for surface samples from all box cores. Ten new radiocarbon dates are reported. Most push cores are between 20 and 60 cm in length and many provide a
complete Holocene record of sedimentation. In areas of current winnowing and reworking, a few cores penetrate the Heinrich 1 bed, dating from 16 ka. A surface unit of silty mud passes laterally into thin winnowed sands and sandy mud in shallower water. It overlies a complex early Holocene unit with
more abundant ice-rafted detritus and intervals with abundant carbonate rock flour. A tentative lithostratigraphic correlation is presented for the cores around Flemish Cap, but has not yet been attempted for the Southeast Grand Banks slope.
Impacts of the February 9, 2013 storm along the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia
Authors: Taylor R B
Published: May 2014

Markers established at select coastal locations along Nova Scotia facilitate repetitive observations of physical shoreline changes caused by specific storms and a comparison of the impacts by different types of storms on shoreline stability. Following the storm
of February 9, 2013, field observations of physical impacts were completed at five beaches along the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia and information on storm impacts was gathered from local contacts at other locations farther along the Atlantic coast. Wave and tidal observations during the storm were
provided from a wave gauge operated offshore of Halifax Harbour and from tide recorders operated by the Canadian Hydrographic Service, in Halifax Harbour, Yarmouth and North Sydney. Field observations were restricted to the use of ground photography, a hand-held GPS recorder and tape measurements
from beach line markers. Detailed cross-shore surveys following the storm were not completed. Flood and wave-run-up elevations onshore (CGVD28-Geodetic Datum) are based on the most recent survey completed at each site before the storm. The storm on February 9, 2013 caused elevated water levels of
1.93 m (GD) just after high tide at Halifax but occurred closer to low tide in Yarmouth and North Sydney. The highest still water flood level observed was 1.1 m (GD) along the backshore lagoon at Conrads Beach. Wave runup reached elevations commonly of 3.5 m and as high as 3.8 m (GD) along higher
pebble-cobble beaches. Waves scoured the base of the highest pebble-cobble beaches and only overtopped lower barrier beaches and built the beach crest higher. Along sand beaches, waves scoured the upper beach and lower foredune. The duration and intensity of waves generated during the storm was not
sufficient to force waves long distances across coastal dunes nor to cause significant damage to coastal infrastructure such as beach access stairs. Farther away from Halifax, local observers along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia reported reduced impacts from the February 9 storm because of the
presence of snow, freezing rain, shorefast ice and a more favourable wind direction.
Rock-Eval6 data from the Premium Homestead Akpatok F-26 well on Akpatok Island, Nunavut
Authors: Zhang S
Published: May 2014

The Premium Homestead Akpatok F-26 well was drilled on Akpatok Island in 1969 and penetrated the Ordovician Ship Point Formation. A total of 41 core samples were collected from this well for Rock-Eval6 programmed pyrolysis. The rocks of Ship Point Formation are
immature with poor to fair petroleum source rock potential.
Marriage and divorce in Malachi 2:10�16: An ethical reading of the abomination to Yahweh for faith communities
Authors: Boloje Blessing O. , Groenewald Alphonso
Published: May 2014

The family is the bedrock that forms the indispensable foundation for discipleship. It was instituted by the Creator as his primary setting for human development and nurture (Gn 2:18�25; Ps 68:5, 6). Thus the crisis involving marriage and the family is indeed a cultural crisis of the first order. Social life quite simply cannot function effectively without the family. Whilst according to Flowers and Flowers: �Christian families face the challenge of understanding and stretching toward the divine design for life and relationships, even as they dwell in a world where hard reality find us far short of God�s plan for family living�, this article demonstrates that Malachi�s prophetic oracle (2:10�16) is an urgent motivation and challenge to Yahweh�s people in faith communities to be living embodiment of the ideals of fidelity, commitment and steadfastness. In honouring these values and ideals, the article further challenges Yahweh�s faith communities to seek concrete ways of affirming, strengthening, empowering and supporting persons and families in their efforts to live in faithfulness to the values they recognise and esteem.
Identification of the S3 self-incompatibility allele in almond by specific primers
Authors: Alonso J.M. , Socias i Company R.
Published: May 2014

To date, the identification of the S3 self-incompatibility allele in almond using PCR primers has been problematic, either because of its weak amplification in some allelic combinations, or because of a lack of polymorphism in comparison with the self-compatibility (Sf) allele. This paper describes the use of three new primers, one "forward" (S3F) and two "reverse" (S3R1 and S3R2), specifically designed to amplify the S3 allele. Primers S3F and S3R1 were designed from the sequence of the second intron of this allele, while S3R2 was designed from the sequence upstream of the RC4 conserved region. Four primer combinations (S3F/S3R2, S3F/ConR, ConF/S3R1 and ConF/S3R2) satisfactorily amplified the S3 allele. The use of consensus primers from the S-RNase intron sequences allows specific identification of the S-alleles, and indicates the expected size of the amplified fragment.
Induction of fruit calcium assimilation and its influence on the quality of table grapes
Authors: Alcaraz-López C. , Botía M. , Alcaraz C.F. , Riquelme F.
Published: May 2014

Sprays containing soluble Ca, polypeptidic N and Ti ascorbate in several combinations were applied to cv. Crimson table grape vines (Vitis vinifera L.). Foliar spraying resulted in the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ti in the leaves, but not of Na, Cl or Mn. In the berries, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu concentrations increased in the skin and flesh. These berries were also larger than controls, firmer, had a deeper external red colour, and their weight loss during postharvest storage was reduced. The increase in the Ca and micronutrient content of the fruit is explained as a consequence of the beneficial effect of Ti on absorption, translocation and assimilation processes. In turn, improved Ca assimilation by the fruit was responsible for the beneficial effects seen on firmness and storage life.
Short communication. Telluric pathogens isolated from blighted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants in Northwestern Spain
Authors: Andrés Ares J.L. , Rivera Martínez A. , Pomar Barbeito F. , Fernández Paz J.
Published: May 2014

A survey of blighted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants covering 120 farms in northwestern Spain was performed between 2001 and 2004 with the aim of identifying the main telluric pathogens associated with the disease in this part of the country. The following potential telluric pathogens were isolated from the 755 diseased plants inspected: Phytophthora capsici Leonian, P. nicotianae Breda de Haan, Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Fusarium solani Mart. (Sacc.) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. R. solani was the most commonly isolated pathogen; this was detected on 38% of the farms and isolated from 16% of the plants analysed. Inoculation tests were performed with isolates of P. capsici, P. nicotianae and F. solani on C. annuum cv. YoloWonder. These confirmed P. nicotianae as a pepper pathogen, but with weaker pathogenic behaviour than P. capsici. F. solani was confirmed as a secondary pathogen.
Genetics of panicle-related traits of agronomic importance in rice through triple test cross analysis
Authors: Saleem M.Y. , Atta B.M. , Cheema A.A. , Haq M.A.
Published: May 2014

A triple test cross analysis was carried out to study the genetics of some panicle related traits of agronomic importance in "Basmati" rice. Partitioning of total epistasis into i type and j + l type of epistasis revealed that j + l types of interactions were significant for number of panicle per plant and yield per plant. Additive and dominance gene effects were important for panicle length, number of secondary branches per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of sterile grains per panicle and panicle density. However, additive effects were the only source of variation for number of primaryv branches per plant and fertility percentage. The magnitude of additive variance was higher for all the traits and the degree of dominance was less than unity indicating partial dominance. The non-significant correlation between sums and differences did not show any evidence of directional dominance. Epistatic interactions j + l type can be manipulated to improve number of panicles per plant and yield per plant through recurrent selection. The predominance of additive gene effect suggests the occurrence of selection in late segregating populations however, early selection is proposed for number of primary branches per panicle and fertility percentage to improve rice yield.
Quality perception and consumer attitudes to "specific quality beef" in Aragón, Spain
Authors: Oliazola Tolosana A.M. , Whebi Z. , Manrique Persiva E.
Published: May 2014

Over the last decade, beef consumption has decreased in most European countries, including Spain. Along with other factors that have contributed towards greater competition in agricultural markets, this has led to an increase in the offer of high-added-value beef products - a strategy the sector also follows to help it deal with the crisis caused by a number of health scandals. The aim of the present study was to analyse consumer attitudes towards "specific quality beef" (SQB; beef with quality specifications as indicated by labels or public quality denominations). A relationship was seen with respect to the level of consumer knowledge and the purchase of this type of product. Those with a higher average income and higher level of education had a more favourable attitude towards them. The butcher was the most important source of consumer information on SQB. Price was the factor that most limited the consumption of these products.
As pesquisas e o tratamento envolvendo células-tronco: uma abordagem investigativa e suas implicações bioéticas
Authors: Púglia Luciana Beirigo dos Santos , Cruz Aline Helena da Silva , Faria Joana Cristina N. de Menezes Faria , Reis Angela Adamski da Silva , Santos Rodrigo da Silva
Published: May 2014

As células-tronco são classificadas em embrionárias e adultas, e tem sido aplicadas, por exemplo, na análise do desenvolvimento humano, terapias gênicas e na produção de linhagens específicas para transplantes. Por isso, existe uma tendência internacional em legalizar de forma ética os protocolos e as pesquisas científicas que utilizam estes tipos celulares. Principalmente porque os resultados destas pesquisas revelam esperanças de melhoria na qualidade de vida dos seres humanos portadores de doenças que até o momento são consideradas incuráveis, ou que levam ao término da vida num processo muito rápido e doloroso em relação às demais. Mas interligado às perspectivas de cura estão os questionamentos e discussões éticas, morais e religiosas a respeito do uso destas células. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi de verificar a opinião e o conhecimento de algumas pessoas da sociedade sobre a utilização de células-tronco embrionárias em pesquisas e no tratamento de doenças degenerativas. Para tanto os participantes da presente pesquisa responderam um questionário cujos resultados revelaram que a maioria dos entrevistados considera que pesquisas envolvendo células-tronco são inevitáveis, mas também que esta tecnologia trará benefícios. Eles também sugerem que embriões congelados nas clínicas de fertilização devem ter outro destino além das pesquisas e tratamento de doenças degenerativas, como por exemplo, a doação para casais que desejam ter filhos.
Protozoário comensal em amostra fecal: parâmetro para prevenção de infecção parasitaria via fecal-oral
Authors: Brito Ana Maria Guedes de , Melo Cláudia Moura de , Reis Anderson de Araújo , Brito Renan Guedes de , Madi Rubens Riscala
Published: May 2014

Para determinar prevalências de protozoários comensais em uma amostra da população humana de Aracaju/SE entre 2007 a 2012, realizaram-se buscas em arquivos eletrônicos de três laboratórios clínicos do referido município. Nos arquivos deveriam constar as informações necessárias para execução desse estudo. Com os dados calcularam-se as prevalências dos protozoários comensais, conforme variáveis de interesse. Das 270.031 pessoas investigadas, 147.132 (54,5%) foram de casos positivos e 122.899 (41,5%) negativos. Dos positivos obtiveram-se 35.216 (22,19%) casos de helmintoses, 21.811 (13,74%) de protozooses e 101.693 (64,07%) possuíam comensais. Os protozoários comensais detectados foram Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba hartmanni e Chilomastix mesnili. A ocorrência dos comensais intestinais na amostra investigada foi preocupante, posto, suas presenças representam um bom indicador das condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e sanitárias de uma comunidade. Sugere-se, que seja intensificada em Aracaju educação em saúde e maior participação das políticas públicas com investimento financeiro.
Ação do óleo essencial da Alpinia speciosa Schum no tratamento da fibrose pulmonar: estudo de caso
Authors: Dosea Giselle Santana , Franco Lílian Reis , Cândido Edna Aragão Farias , Cacau Lucas de Assis Pereira , Oliveira Tássia Virginia de Carvalho
Published: May 2014

A Fibrose Pulmonar (FP) é uma patologia restritiva causada por uma inflamação do trato respiratório inferior, com consequente acúmulo de tecido fibrótico e feixes de miofibroblastos. O óleo essencial Alpinia speciosa Schum (OEASS) atua no sistema respiratório como um agente dilatador e antiinflamatório. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do OEASS via inalatória, na reabilitação de um portador de FP. O estudo contou com a participação de um indivíduo tratado com Cinesioterapia Respiratória associada à nebulização com OEASS. O resultado mostrou aumento estatisticamente significante (p< 0,05) da saturação parcial de oxigênio, além de melhora da Capacidade Inspiratória, Fluxo Expiratório, Volume Corrente e aumento na distância percorrida no Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos. Porém serão necessários maiores estudos para o esclarecimento do real efeito do OEASS no trato respiratório inferior. Sugere-se a realização de pesquisas histológicas para maior compreensão dos efeitos do 1,8 cineol e terpene-4-ol na área alveolar fibrosada.
Contribuição ao estudo do diagnóstico clínico laboratorial e diferencial das Entamoeba histolytica e Entamoeba dispar
Authors: Silva Carinele Marques Veras da , Silva Synara Alexandre Araujo , Guimarães Adriana de Oliveira , Rodrigues Sheyla Alves , Brito Ana Maria Guedes de
Published: May 2014

Desde que, a Entamoeba histolytica foi considerada espécie distinta da Entamoeba dispar, o diagnóstico diferencial entre elas tornou-se indispensável. Nesse cenário esse estudo, objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de documentos e bases de dados consolidadas com a meta de subsidiar os profissionais em saúde sobre o conhecimento no que concerne aos exames clínicos laboratoriais para efetuar a distinção entre os amebídeos antes citados, minimizando as dúvidas que por ventura permeia esses profissionais.
Solving the Grid-to-Ground Problem when Using High Precision GNSS in Archaeological Mapping
Authors: Limp William (Fred) , Barnes Adam
Published: May 2014

Increasingly, high-precision GPS/GNSS (global positioning system/global satellite navigation system) based real-time-kinematic methods are being used in the mapping of archaeological sites. However, when utilizing high-precision satellite-based methods for archaeological location purposes, there is a significant but usually unanticipated problem that must first be addressed if accurate measurements are to be made. Simply put, unless proper correction methods are used, horizontal distances between two locations determined by the GNSS method will differ from the measurements that are made by traditional survey methods. This difference between the two measurements is often referred to as the grid-to-ground problem. This article provides a process to address this problem.
Cour pénale internationale et néocolonialisme : au-delà des évidences
Authors: Mégret Frédéric
Published: May 2014

Le « néocolonialisme » de la Cour pénale internationale a été beaucoup critiqué, au motif que le procureur de la cpi se serait presque exclusivement intéressé à des affaires concernant le continent africain. Cet article tentera d’aller au-delà de la vision de ce néocolonialisme comme ressortissant uniquement d’une sur-représentation d’affaires africaines. Si néocolonialisme il y a, celui-ci tiendrait plus subtilement à un traitement postcolonial de l’Afrique à travers les catégories de la justice pénale internationale. Il importe de replacer les rapports justice pénale internationale / Afrique dans un « temps long » de l’introduction de la pensée et des pratiques pénales modernes sur le continent par le biais de la colonisation et de la construction de l’État postcolonial, notamment au regard de logiques d’exclusion/instrumentalisation/hybridation des formes de la justice traditionnelle.
The ethical issues of research involving human beings contained in the editorial guidelines of Brazilian medical journals
Authors: Malafaia Guilherme , Rodrigues Aline Sueli De Lima , Talvani André
Published: May 2014

The present study aimed to analyze the ethical aspects contained in the sections “Instructions to authors” of Brazilian medical journals which were highly qualified on the assessment of the Qualis program of Conselho Técnico Científico da Educação Superior (CTC-ES) (Medicine I area - reference year 2007). Moreover, we searched in the journals that present information about the ethical issues involved in research with humans, if these journals inform the authors about how they should confirm to the editors the compliance with ethical issues of their studies. The editorial guidelines of 34 journals (17.6%, B2 score; 35.3% B3 score; 47.1% B4 score) were analyzed. It was observed that only 7 (20.6%) journals do no mention some ethical questions related to research involving human subjects and that 25 (73.5%) journals indicate the need for approval of research by Ethics Committee of the institution where the study was conducted. However, less than half (44.1%) of the journals clearly indicate in their “Instructions to authors” that information about the ethical aspects of research involving human subjects should be cited in the text of the manuscript submitted. Thus, further improvement is still necessary regarding the approach of ethical issues in the editorial guidelines of the Brazilian medical journals analyzed. Researches like this seek to contribute with the discussion about the awareness of editors, so that they mention in the instructions of their journals the principles, rules and ethical standards that must be considered in the research involving human beings.
Russian Case Morphology and the Syntactic Categories
Authors: Pesetsky David
Published: May 2014

A proposal for a radical new view of case morphology, supported by a detailed investigation of some of the thorniest topics in Russian grammar.

In this book, David Pesetsky argues that the peculiarities of Russian nominal phrases provide significant clues concerning the syntactic side of morphological case. Pesetsky argues against the traditional view that case categories such as nominative or genitive have a special status in the grammar of human languages. Supporting his argument with a detailed analysis of a complex array of morpho-syntactic phenomena in the Russian noun phrase (with brief excursions to other languages), he proposes instead that the case categories are just part-of-speech features copied as morphology from head to dependent as syntactic structure is built.

Pesetsky presents a careful investigation of one of the thorniest topics in Russian grammar, the morpho-syntax of noun phrases with numerals (including those traditionally called the paucals). He argues that these bewilderingly complex facts can be explained if case categories are viewed simply as parts of speech, assigned as morphology. Pesetsky's analysis is notable for offering a new theoretical perspective on some of the most puzzling areas of Russian grammar, a highly original account of nominal case that significantly affects our understanding of an important property of language.
Big Ideas in Macroeconomics
Authors: Athreya Kartik B.
Published: May 2014

An accessible description of modern macroeconomics, and a defense of its policy relevance.

Macroeconomists have been caricatured either as credulous savants in love with the beauty of their mathematical models or as free-market fundamentalists who admit no doubt as to the market's wisdom. In this book, Kartik Athreya draws a truer picture, offering a nontechnical description of prominent ideas and models in macroeconomics, and arguing for their value as interpretive tools as well as their policy relevance. Athreya deliberately leaves out the technical machinery, providing an essential guide to the sometimes abstract ideas that drive macroeconomists' research and practical policy advice.

Athreya describes the main approach to macroeconomic model construction, the foundational Walrasian general-equilibrium framework, and its modern version, the Arrow-Debreu-McKenzie (ADM) model. In the heart of the book, Athreya shows how the Walrasian approach shapes and unifies much of modern macroeconomics. He details models central to ongoing macroeconomic analyses: the neoclassical and stochastic growth models, the standard incomplete-markets model, the overlapping-generations model, and the standard search model. Athreya's accessible primer traces the links between the views and policy advice of modern macroeconomists and their shared theoretical approach.
The Feeling Body
Authors: Colombetti Giovanna
Published: May 2014

A proposal that extends the enactive approach developed in cognitive science and philosophy of mind to issues in affective science.

In The Feeling Body, Giovanna Colombetti takes ideas from the enactive approach developed over the last twenty years in cognitive science and philosophy of mind and applies them for the first time to affective science—the study of emotions, moods, and feelings. She argues that enactivism entails a view of cognition as not just embodied but also intrinsically affective, and she elaborates on the implications of this claim for the study of emotion in psychology and neuroscience.

In the course of her discussion, Colombetti focuses on long-debated issues in affective science, including the notion of basic emotions, the nature of appraisal and its relationship to bodily arousal, the place of bodily feelings in emotion experience, the neurophysiological study of emotion experience, and the bodily nature of our encounters with others. Drawing on enactivist tools such as dynamical systems theory, the notion of the lived body, neurophenomenology, and phenomenological accounts of empathy, Colombetti advances a novel approach to these traditional issues that does justice to their complexity. Doing so, she also expands the enactive approach into a further domain of inquiry, one that has more generally been neglected by the embodied-embedded approach in the philosophy of cognitive science.
The First Sense
Authors: Fulkerson Matthew
Published: May 2014

An empirically informed philosophical account of human touch as a single, unified sensory modality that plays a central role in perception.

It is through touch that we are able to interact directly with the world; it is our primary conduit of both pleasure and pain. Touch may be our most immediate and powerful sense—“the first sense” because of the central role it plays in experience. In this book, Matthew Fulkerson proposes that human touch, despite its functional diversity, is a single, unified sensory modality. Fulkerson offers a philosophical account of touch, reflecting the interests, methods, and approach that define contemporary philosophy; but his argument is informed throughout by the insights and constraints of empirical work on touch. Human touch is a multidimensional object of investigation, Fulkerson writes, best served by using a variety of methods and approaches.

To defend his view of the unity of touch, Fulkerson describes and argues for a novel, unifying role for exploratory action in touch. He goes on to fill in the details of this unified, exploratory form of perception, offering philosophical accounts of tool use and distal touch, the representational structure of tangible properties, the spatial content of touch, and the role of pleasure in tactual experience.

Fulkerson's argument for the unique role played by exploratory action departs notably from traditional vision-centric philosophical approaches to perception, challenging the received view that action plays the same role in all sensory modalities. The robust philosophical account of touch he offers in The First Sense has significant implications for our general understanding of perception and perceptual experience.
Truly Human Enhancement
Authors: Agar Nicholas
Published: May 2014

A nuanced discussion of human enhancement that argues for enhancement that does not significantly exceed what is currently possible for human beings.

The transformative potential of genetic and cybernetic technologies to enhance human capabilities is most often either rejected on moral and prudential grounds or hailed as the future salvation of humanity. In this book, Nicholas Agar offers a more nuanced view, making a case for moderate human enhancement—improvements to attributes and abilities that do not significantly exceed what is currently possible for human beings. He argues against radical human enhancement, or improvements that greatly exceed current human capabilities.

Agar explores notions of transformative change and motives for human enhancement; distinguishes between the instrumental and intrinsic value of enhancements; argues that too much enhancement undermines human identity; considers the possibility of cognitively enhanced scientists; and argues against radical life extension. Making the case for moderate enhancement, Agar argues that many objections to enhancement are better understood as directed at the degree of enhancement rather than enhancement itself. Moderate human enhancement meets the requirement of truly human enhancement. By radically enhancing human cognitive capabilities, by contrast, we may inadvertently create beings (“post-persons”) with moral status higher than that of persons. If we create beings more entitled to benefits and protections against harms than persons, Agar writes, this will be bad news for the unenhanced. Moderate human enhancement offers a more appealing vision of the future and of our relationship to technology.
Coordinated control of senescence by lncRNA and a novel T-box3 co-repressor complex
Authors: Kumar P Pavan , Emechebe Uchenna , Smith Richard , Franklin Sarah , Moore Barry , Yandell Mark , Lessnick Stephen L , Moon Anne M
Published: May 2014

Cellular senescence is a crucial tumor suppressor mechanism. We discovered a CAPERα/TBX3 repressor complex required to prevent senescence in primary cells and mouse embryos. Critical, previously unknown roles for CAPERα in controlling cell proliferation are manifest in an obligatory interaction with TBX3 to regulate chromatin structure and repress transcription of CDKN2A-p16INK and the RB pathway. The IncRNA UCA1 is a direct target of CAPERα/TBX3 repression whose overexpression is sufficient to induce senescence. In proliferating cells, we found that hnRNPA1 binds and destabilizes CDKN2A-p16INK mRNA whereas during senescence, UCA1 sequesters hnRNPA1 and thus stabilizes CDKN2A-p16INK. Thus CAPERα/TBX3 and UCA1 constitute a coordinated, reinforcing mechanism to regulate both CDKN2A-p16INK transcription and mRNA stability. Dissociation of the CAPERα/TBX3 co-repressor during oncogenic stress activates UCA1, revealing a novel mechanism for oncogene-induced senescence. Our elucidation of CAPERα and UCA1 functions in vivo provides new insights into senescence induction, and the oncogenic and developmental properties of TBX3.
Who is contingent on whom? The internet on society, or the society on internet?
Authors: Chopra Niti
Published: May 2014

This concept paper attempts to look at the many ways in which production, distribution and utilization of media content has completely changed in today’s digitised world. It tries to explore the newly emerging ideas around Journalism and Communication practices and the concerns that now prevail in social and professional echelons about the modern day contours that all media have acquired .The discussion dwells upon how the internet and new media tools have steadily and surely changed the very fabric of societies, and the basic dynamics of present day living. It examines how anarchy of sorts in access and delivery of content and the irrepressible usage of technology enabled platforms juxtapose with the telecom and other regulatory mechanisms and attempts that are being put in place to control the surge in media proliferation. The Paper may help to explore the relevance of newer means/models of regulation and control in a truly fast changing and emerging media space. The stupendous rate at which newer media and internet applications are getting thrown up for use abets to the fact that it is as much about w hat people do with the internet as what the internet does to people.