bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of bound water on the quality of dried Lentinus edodes during storage
Authors: Yang Wenjian , Pu Haoliang , Wang Liuqing , Hu Qiuhui , Mariga Alfred M , Zheng Huihua
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Water absorption is the dominant factor affecting the quality deterioration of dried Lentinus edodes. We therefore analyzed the effect of moisture content and dynamic water status on physical properties of the mushroom stored at water activity (aw), 0.33, 0.43, 0.67, 0.76, and 0.84 for 50 days. Moisture mobility and water status were analyzed using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance, while hardness and microstructure were determined as texture characteristics. Meanwhile, an electronic nose and headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS) were used to analyze the flavor properties of dried L. edodes.

RESULTS

The results showed that bound water was the dominant water status in dried L. edodes. The content and molecular mobility of bound water increased at aw = 0.67, 0.76, and 0.84. This contributed to discoloration, hardness loss, and microstructure sparsity of dried L. edodes. The increasing content and molecular mobility of bound water aggravated the deterioration of characteristic flavor by reducing acid, aldehyde, and ketone content.

CONCLUSION

Unlike immobilized or free water, bound water had a critical influence on the quality deterioration of dried L. edodes during storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The recovery properties under load of a shape memory polymer composite material
Authors: Basit A. , L'Hostis G. , Durand B.
Published: December 2019

In many applications, shape memory alloys are being replaced by shape memory polymers as they have some better properties than shape memory alloys. Nevertheless, shape memory alloys can recover under load which shape memory polymers cannot. Shape memory polymers are not capable of giving full recovery even lifting a tiny load. The melting temperature or the glass transition temperature is the transition temperatures to which shape memory polymers are closely heated. Then a deforming force up to a certain position is applied to the heated shape memory polymers. After that shape memory polymer is permitted to cool while keeping it deformed. After the cooling, shape memory polymer obtains the temporary shape which can be recovered by reheating it at the similar transition temperature (glass transition or melting). Consequently, it recovers at its initial state. Shape memory polymer can achieve constrained recovery and unconstrained recovery, nonetheless; under stress, it is partly recovered. In current work, recovery under load has been investigated of an asymmetrical shape memory composite. It is established that it is capable to recover under various loads. Under various loads, it shows full recovery in reference to initial state. The ability to recover under load can be potentially used in diverse applications.
Effect of pre‐processing annealing and ram speed on mechanical properties for low carbon steel processed by constrained groove pressing
Authors: El Mahallawy N. , George P. , Gad E.H. , Abdelhaleem A.M.
Published: December 2019

Constrained groove pressing (CGP) has emerged for producing ultra‐fine‐grained materials with distinguished properties. Low carbon steel sheets were subjected to severe plastic deformation by constrained groove pressing process. The effect of pre‐processing annealing temperature, ram speed and number of passes on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behaviour of the sheets were investigated. The 3 mm thick sheets were deformed by a constrained groove pressing die at ram speeds: 5 mm/min, 10 mm min−1 and 20 mm min−1. Furthermore, the as received sheets were annealed at 600 °C and 900 °C, then deformed at ram speed 20 mm min−1. The annealing temperature 900 °C led to slightly coarser grains, lower strength and larger ductility compared to those obtained after annealing at 600 °C. With lowering the ram speed to 5 mm min−1, the number of passes could be increased to 10 passes while increasing ram speed from 5 mm min−1 to 20 mm min−1 improved the mechanical properties; after 3 constrained groove pressing passes, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 420 MPa to 490 MPa, the hardness from 174 HV 1 to 190 HV 1 and the elongation from 7.6 % to 9.5 %. Finer grains were also obtained by increasing ram speed. Wear resistance was greatly enhanced by constrained groove pressing and by the increase in ram speed.
Experimental and numerical research on high‐temperature thermal insulation performance of lightweight porous ceramic/nanomaterial composite structure
Authors: Ren H.Y. , Wu D.F. , Wu W.J. , Li J.N. , Lin L.J.
Published: December 2019

The thermal protection structure of hypersonic vehicles must meet the design requirements of high efficiency and light weight, and its heating surface must also be able to withstand thermal erosion by high‐speed and high‐temperature airflow. In this paper, a light‐weight porous ceramic material and a lightweight nanoscale thermal insulation material with excellent thermal insulation performance are combined to form an integrated thermal protection structure. Experimental study and numerical simulation of the structure's high‐temperature thermal insulation performance are carried out. The experimental results show that a composite sheet made from a 20 mm‐thick lightweight porous ceramic material and a 10 mm‐thick nanomaterial exhibit a temperature drop of 85 % between its back surface and front surface in four thermal environments (1200, 1000, 800 and 600 °C) at 1800 s. This indicates excellent thermal insulation performance of the composite sheet. In addition, the operating temperature limit (<1000 °C) is obtained through high‐temperature thermal performance tests on single‐layer nanomaterial sheets and scanning electron microscopy results. This provides an important basis for determining and optimizing the thickness ratio of the two materials in composite structure.
Mechanical characterisation of the shear, bending and friction behaviour of bindered woven fabrics during the forming process
Authors: Coutandin S. , Wurba A. , Luft A. , Schmidt F. , Dackweiler M. , Fleischer J.
Published: December 2019

A critical process step within the liquid composite moulding constitutes in the preforming of two‐dimensional textile material into a near‐net‐shape and load‐capable fibre structure by stamp forming. This paper presents fundamental material experiments on the shearing behaviour, bending properties and friction behaviour considering the binder quantity and forming temperature. In addition, the influence of the process time on the resulting stability of the preform is examined. The findings indicate that the quantity of the binder as well as the forming temperature and the process time have a great influence on the preform quality.
New Mexico comes to agreement with five BH organizations in fraud aftermath
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2019

New Mexico officials announced this month a settlement agreement with five behavioral health providers following Medicaid fraud allegations six years ago that practically decimated the state's behavioral health system. Altogether, 15 New Mexico providers experienced service disruptions, layoffs and closures. Now officials say they plan to focus on building a new behavioral network.
The impact of catheter‐based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review
Authors: Kinnear Ned , Barnett Dylan , O'Callaghan Michael , Horsell Kym , Gani Johan , Hennessey Derek
Published: December 2019

Aims

To systematically compare the impact of catheter‐based bladder drainage methods on the rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) amongst patients with neurogenic bladder.

Methods

A search of Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Grey literature to February 2019 was performed using methods prepublished on PROSPERO. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis guidelines. Eligible studies were published in English and compared UTI incidence between neurogenic bladder patients utilizing bladder drainage methods of the indwelling urethral catheter (IUC), suprapubic catheter (SPC) or intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC). The odds ratio of UTI was the sole outcome of interest.

Results

Eight nonrandomized observational cohort studies were identified, totaling 2321 patients who utilized either IUC, SPC, or ISC. Studies enrolled patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury (seven studies) or from any cause (one study). UTI rates were compared between patients utilizing IUC vs SPC (four studies), IUC vs ISC (six studies), and SPC vs ISC (four studies). Compared with IUC, five of six studies suggested ISC use was associated with lower rates of UTI. Studies comparing IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Meta‐analysis was not appropriate due to study methodology heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Low‐level evidence suggests amongst patients with neurogenic bladder requiring catheter‐based drainage, the use of ISC is associated with lower rates of UTI than IUC. Comparisons of IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Future randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.
Proof points: How are you showing outcomes?
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: December 2019

You are likely already showing prospective students how your school and their program or degree of interest can prepare them for greater success. It might be worth a second look, though, at how well you're doing this.
Artistic degree finds ways to boost marketable skills
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2019

Faizah A. Rajput picked the Otis College of Art and Design for her Master of Fine Arts degree in writing not just because it was a convenient location for her — the campus is located in Los Angeles, only a few short hours from Rajput's hometown — but also because of the professional experience the program offered.
Respiratory sequelae and quality of life in children one‐year after being admitted with a lower respiratory tract infection: A prospective cohort study from a developing country
Authors: Nathan Anna M. , Teh Cindy S.J. , Eg Kah Peng , Jabar Kartini A. , Zaki Rafdzah , Hng Shih Ying , Westerhout Caroline , Thavagnanam Surendran , de Bruyne Jessie A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Respiratory tract infections in children can result in respiratory sequelae. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with persistent respiratory sequelae 1 year after admission for a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

Methodology

This prospective cohort study involved children 1 month to 5‐years‐old admitted with an LRTI. Children with asthma were excluded. Patients were reviewed at 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐hospital discharge. The parent cough‐specific quality of life, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire and cough diary for 1 month, were administered. Outcomes reviewed were number of unscheduled healthcare visits, respiratory symptoms and final respiratory diagnosis at 6 and/or 12 month‐review by pediatric pulmonologists.

Results

Three hundred patients with a mean ± SD age of 14 ± 15 months old were recruited. After 1 month, 239 (79.7%) returned: 28.5% (n = 68/239) had sought medical advice and 18% (n = 43/239) had cough at clinic review. Children who received antibiotics in hospital had significantly lower total cough scores (P = .005) as per the cough diary. After 1 year, 26% (n = 78/300) had a respiratory problem, predominantly preschool wheezing phenotype (n = 64/78, 82.1%). Three children had bronchiectasis or bronchiolitis obliterans. The parent cough‐specific quality of life (PCQOL) was significantly lower in children with respiratory sequelae (P < .01). In logistic regression, the use of antibiotics in hospitals (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; P = .005) was associated with reduced risk of respiratory sequelae.

Conclusion

In children admitted for LRTI, a quarter had respiratory sequelae, of which preschool wheeze was the commonest. The use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of respiratory sequelae.
Cancer‐stromal cell fusion as revealed by fluorescence protein tracking
Authors: Wang Ruoxiang , Lewis Michael S. , Lyu Ji , Zhau Haiyen E. , Pandol Stephen J. , Chung Leland W. K.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

We previously determined that cancer‐stromal interaction was a direct route to tumor cell heterogeneity progression, since cancer‐stromal cell fusion in coculture resulted in the creation of heterogeneous clones of fusion hybrid progeny. In this report, we modified the cancer‐stromal coculture system to establish optimal experimental conditions for investigating cell fusion machinery and the mechanism of heterogeneity progression.

Experimental design

Red fluorescence protein‐tagged LNCaP cells were cocultured with green fluorescence protein‐labeled prostate stromal cells for cancer‐stromal cell fusion, which was tracked as dual fluorescent cells by fluorescence microscopy.

Results

We identified the most efficient strategy to isolate clones of fusion hybrid progenies. From the coculture, mixed cells including fusion hybrids were subjected to low‐density replating for colony formation by fusion hybrid progeny. These colonies could propagate into derivative cell populations. Compared to the parental LNCaP cells, clones of the fusion hybrid progeny displayed divergent behaviors and exhibited permanent genomic hybridization.

Conclusions

Cancer‐stromal cell fusion leads to cancer cell heterogeneity. The cancer‐stromal coculture system characterized in this study can be used as a model for molecular characterization of cancer cell fusion as the mechanism behind the progression of heterogeneity observed in clinical prostate cancers.
Oxygen Incorporation in the Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of ScxGa1−xN and ScxAl1−xN
Authors: Casamento Joseph , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: December 2019

Secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to determine impurity concentrations of carbon and oxygen in two scandium‐containing nitride semiconductor multilayer heterostructures: ScxGa1−xN/GaN and ScxAl1−xN/AlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In the ScxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructure grown in metal‐rich conditions on GaN–SiC template substrates with Sc contents up to 28 at%, the oxygen concentration is found to be below 1 × 1019 cm−3, with an increase directly correlated with the scandium content. In the ScxAl1−xN–AlN heterostructure grown in nitrogen‐rich conditions on AlN–Al2O3 template substrates with Sc contents up to 26 at%, the oxygen concentration is found to be between 1019 and 1021 cm−3, again directly correlated with the Sc content. The increase in oxygen and carbon takes place during the deposition of scandium‐alloyed layers.
Efficacy of natural, peroxide‐free tooth‐bleaching agents: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and technological prospecting
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Silva , de Oliveira da Rosa Wellington Luiz , da Silva Adriana Fernandes , Piva Evandro , Lund Rafael Guerra
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of natural bleaching agents and the current technological development in this research field. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to July 2019 in 15 databases. Five laboratory studies and 25 patents were included. Data regarding natural bleaching agent used, application protocol, and the main findings of studies were analyzed. Laboratory studies that evaluated natural bleaching agents' peroxide‐free or associated to peroxides and patents related to natural bleaching agents were included. The studies evaluated papain, bromelain, chlorine dioxide, sodium chloride plus vinegar and sodium bicarbonate as peroxide‐free agents; and sweet potato extract, lactoperoxidase, and peroxidase associated to peroxide used were included. Twenty‐five patents were included; among the most cited are the papain and the chlorine. The addition of non‐peroxide agents into peroxide showed improvement in bleaching effect with the incorporation of these non‐peroxide agents (p < .05). On the other hand, peroxide‐free agents did not show an improvement in bleaching effect (p < .05). The evidence in literature suggested that natural bleaching agents incorporated to peroxide may improve the bleaching. Therefore, the current literature does not support the use of natural agents as dental bleaching.
Bitter melon fruit extract has a hypoglycemic effect and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in ob/ob mice
Authors: Dwijayanti Dinia R. , Shimada Takumi , Ishii Toshinari , Okuyama Tetsuya , Ikeya Yukinobu , Mukai Eri , Nishizawa Mikio
Published: December 2019

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a vegetable and has been used as traditional medicine. Recently, we reported that bitter melon fruit extracts and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc)‐soluble fraction markedly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes, including the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. However, it is unclear whether bitter melon exhibits antidiabetic effects. In this study, we showed that cucurbitacin B, a cucurbitane‐type triterpenoid, was present in an EtOAc‐soluble fraction and suppressed nitric oxide production in hepatocytes. When the EtOAc‐soluble fraction was administered for 7 days to ob/ob mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model, the mice fed with this fraction exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and blood glucose concentrations compared with the mice fed without the fraction. The administration of the fraction resulted in significant increases in serum insulin concentrations and the levels of both insulin receptor mRNA and protein in the ob/ob mouse liver. The EtOAc‐soluble fraction decreased the interleukin‐1β mRNA expression, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that administration of an EtOAc‐soluble fraction improved hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that this fraction may be responsible for both the antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory effects of bitter melon fruit.
A literature review on teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries: Recommendations and solutions for the enhancement of the job
Authors: Sahito Zafarullah , Vaisanen Pertti
Published: December 2019

This study explored the factors of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the recommendations given by the researchers in seventy recruited research studies, which have been conducted for literature review of teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries. The recruited studies were conducted across 21 countries in Asia and Africa, but the majority of them were in Iran, India, Turkey, Pakistan, China and Malaysia. The main purpose of the study was to explore the various relevant factors and, based on them, give recommendations and solutions for the enhancement of the jobs of teachers who work in educational institutions in developing countries. Included in this study were 61 quantitative, two qualitative, and seven mixed research papers. Conducive working conditions, promotional opportunities, fair remuneration, support from headteachers, colleagues and the community, teacher empowerment, and friendships were found to be the major factors affecting the job satisfaction of teachers. An autocratic management style, mistrust, a non‐transparent system, a work‐life imbalance, an ineffective teaching/learning environment, and unavailability of resources were found to be the main factors affecting job dissatisfaction.
Context and Implications of Study: A Literature Review on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Developing Countries: Recommendations and Solutions for the Enhancement of the Job
Authors: Sahito Zafarullah , Väisänen Pertti
Published: December 2019

This guide accompanies the following article: A Literature Review on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Developing Countries: Recommendations and Solutions for the Enhancement of the Job by Z. Sahito and P. Vaisanen, Review of Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3160
Effects of Alcohol Extracts of Gluten on Oil Uptake of Fried Mahua
Authors: Xijun Lian , Zuo Yanxin , Jiang Rongxia , Yang Lu , Kang Zonghua , Zhao Zheng
Published: December 2019

It is well known that gluten can reduce oil uptake of frying foods. In this research, alcohol extracts of gluten (gliadins 1–4) are separated by freezing–thawing and cooling methods and their main components are identified. Addition of 10% gliadin 4 and 1% gliadin 2 reduces the oil uptake of Fried Mahua from 29.3% in control group to 24.5% and 26.0%, respectively. The results of IR spectra show that an interaction between gliadin 4/gliadin 2 and lipids/water is present during frying. The results of 13C solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggest that no new chemical bonds appear when gliadin 4 or gliadin 2 is added to the dough. X‐ray diffractions indicate that oil fills into crystal interplanar spacing of all diffraction angles of wheat starch but angles at around 2θ 20° (V‐type starch). Low‐molecular‐weight ethanol soluble glutenin (LMW) and ω‐gliadin can enter pores of wheat starch corresponding to two X‐ray diffraction angles at around 2θ 18.2° and 17.7°, respectively, which block the penetration of oil. The SEM demonstrates that addition of gliadin 2/gliadin 4 leads to the collapse of A‐type granules during frying. A possible mechanism of reducing oil uptake in Fried Mahua is proposed.
Enhancing privacy in smart energy systems
Authors: Engel Dominik
Published: December 2019

The mission to move from fossil to renewable energy sources is accompanied and enabled by the digitalization of our energy systems. With the introduction of information and communication technologies, the widespread integration of distributed, renewable sources, even in the distribution grid, are enabled. New use cases such as fast EV charging, local energy communities and dynamic energy tariffs are also enabled. However, this move toward digitalization also increases the exposure of the energy systems for cybercrime and raises concerns regarding the privacy of personal data. In this article, we address the issue of privacy in smart energy systems and give an overview of current methods to enhance privacy.
Degrees of Rationality in Agent-Based Retail Markets
Authors: Methenitis Georgios , Kaisers Michael , La Poutré Han
Published: December 2019

The imperfect decision-making of human buyers participating in retail markets varies from fundamental models that assume rational economic choices: even in markets with identical items human buyers are not rational, i.e., buyers do not always choose the cheapest option. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and e-commerce enable market participation by software agents that are (almost) perfectly rational due to their computational capacity. However, the increasing degree of buyers’ rationality might have unfavorable effects on retail markets with regards to the competition between sellers and the resulting prices. In this paper, we study the effects of varying degrees of buyers’ rationality on the competition and the prices buyers face in retail markets with identical items. We use the multinomial logit function to model different degrees of buyers’ rationality. We further model the competition between sellers using k-level reasoning: each seller computes the price to offer (best response strategy) with regards to its belief for the competition. First, we derive an analytical best response strategy (price) of a seller given the competing prices and the degree of buyers’ rationality, and show that there exists an optimal degree of buyers’ rationality that minimizes the price. Last, we use evolutionary game theory to show that perfect rationality leads to unstable competition dynamics increasing the overall cost for buyers. In contrast, bounded rationality leads to smoother dynamics and lower cost for buyers. Our insights raise the need to revisit design objectives for software agents in retail markets in light of their wider systematic impact.
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy for classification of ordinary chondrites – different database and different methods
Authors: Gałązka-Friedman Jolanta , Woźniak Marek , Bogusz Patrycja , Jakubowska Martyna , Karwowski Łukasz , Duda Przemysław
Published: December 2019

Classification of the meteorites is very complex, but in general all meteorites can be divided into three groups: stony, iron and stony-iron. Ordinary chondrites are the most numerous group among stony meteorites. In this paper, we present short review of the methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. The classical method for the classification of ordinary chondrites is based on the determination of the content of fayalite in olivine and of the content of ferrosilite in pyroxene with the use of electron microprobe. This method was proposed in 1967. Studies on the application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to classification of ordinary chondrites were carried out since early 2000 in four Mössbauer laboratories. Mössbauer groups from Kanpur, Ekaterinburg and Canberra suggested qualitative methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. Warsaw group created quantitative method called the “4M method”. This name derives from following words: meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance. In this publication, we describe the use of 4M method for reclassification of meteorite Goronyo.
Rectified Wing Loss for Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Feng Zhen-Hua , Kittler Josef , Awais Muhammad , Wu Xiao-Jun
Published: December 2019

Efficient and robust facial landmark localisation is crucial for the deployment of real-time face analysis systems. This paper presents a new loss function, namely Rectified Wing (RWing) loss, for regression-based facial landmark localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We first systemically analyse different loss functions, including L2, L1 and smooth L1. The analysis suggests that the training of a network should pay more attention to small-medium errors. Motivated by this finding, we design a piece-wise loss that amplifies the impact of the samples with small-medium errors. Besides, we rectify the loss function for very small errors to mitigate the impact of inaccuracy of manual annotation. The use of our RWing loss boosts the performance significantly for regression-based CNNs in facial landmarking, especially for lightweight network architectures. To address the problem of under-representation of samples with large pose variations, we propose a simple but effective boosting strategy, referred to as pose-based data balancing. In particular, we deal with the data imbalance problem by duplicating the minority training samples and perturbing them by injecting random image rotation, bounding box translation and other data augmentation strategies. Last, the proposed approach is extended to create a coarse-to-fine framework for robust and efficient landmark localisation. Moreover, the proposed coarse-to-fine framework is able to deal with the small sample size problem effectively. The experimental results obtained on several well-known benchmarking datasets demonstrate the merits of our RWing loss and prove the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Presumed prenatal closure of foramen ovale and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Stock Katharina , Michel Miriam , Schermer Elisabeth , Ralser Elisabeth , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Geiger Ralf , Podnar Tomaž
Published: December 2019

Prenatal closure of foramen ovale without CHD is a rarely reported entity. Therefore, clinical and echocardiographic findings are poorly defined in these patients. We report a patient with prenatal closure of foramen ovale that presented with severe pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and left ventricular failure. Judicious management strategies were utilised to successfully treat both life-threatening conditions.
Repurposing screen identifies mebendazole as a clinical candidate to synergise with docetaxel for prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Rushworth Linda K. , Hewit Kay , Munnings-Tomes Sophie , Somani Sukrut , James Daniel , Shanks Emma , Dufès Christine , Straube Anne , Patel Rachana , Leung Hing Y.
Published: December 2019

Background

Docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer has a modest impact on survival. To date, efforts to develop combination therapies have not translated into new treatments. We sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle chemoresistant prostate cancer by enhancing the efficacy of docetaxel.

Methods

We performed a drug-repurposing screen by using murine-derived prostate cancer cell lines driven by clinically relevant genotypes. Cells were treated with docetaxel alone, or in combination with drugs (n = 857) from repurposing libraries, with cytotoxicity quantified using High Content Imaging Analysis.

Results

Mebendazole (an anthelmintic drug that inhibits microtubule assembly) was selected as the lead drug and shown to potently synergise docetaxel-mediated cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Dual targeting of the microtubule structure was associated with increased G2/M mitotic block and enhanced cell death. Strikingly, following combined docetaxel and mebendazole treatment, no cells divided correctly, forming multipolar spindles that resulted in aneuploid daughter cells. Liposomes entrapping docetaxel and mebendazole suppressed in vivo prostate tumour growth and extended progression-free survival.

Conclusions

Docetaxel and mebendazole target distinct aspects of the microtubule dynamics, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced tumour growth. Our data support a new concept of combined mebendazole/docetaxel treatment that warrants further clinical evaluation.
Gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent for the detection of tyrosinase
Authors: Seo Hyewon , Clark Heather A.
Published: December 2019

We successfully designed and synthesized a tyrosinase-targeting Gd(iii)-based MR contrast agent. The probe shows enhanced T1 relaxation rate in the presence of tyrosinase in artificial cerebral spinal fluid.
The use of mixed-metal single source precursors for the synthesis of complex metal oxides
Authors: Lu Haijiao , Wright Dominic S. , Pike Sebastian D.
Published: December 2019

This Feature Article highlights the use of mixed-metal single source precursors to directly access useful complex metal oxide materials.
A self-crosslinking procedure to construct yolk–shell Au@microporous carbon nanospheres for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Weicai , Yang Chen , Ding Baichuan , Peng Jing , Xu Fei , Zheng Mingtao , Hu Hang , Xiao Yong , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru
Published: December 2019

An efficient self-crosslinking procedure to reasonably construct porous shells is reported for the synthesis of yolk–shell Au@microporous carbon nanospheres.
Heterogeneous (de)chlorination-enabled control of reactivity in the liquid-phase synthesis of furanic biofuel from cellulosic feedstock
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Changhong , Xu Yufei , Yu Zhaozhuo , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Wu Zhilei , Yang Song , Luque Rafael
Published: December 2019

Catalytic upgrade of biopolymers exclusively to the biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF)viathe furanic mixture is enabled by a cascade (de)chlorination process.
Mechanistic studies of milled and Kraft lignin oxidation by radical species
Authors: Davaritouchaee Maryam , Hiscox William C. , Terrell Evan , Mancini Rock J. , Chen Shulin
Published: December 2019

Accomplishing selective lignin degradation in a controlled manner by breaking C–O and C–C bonds is of great scientific interest although technically challenging.
Correction: Multi-functional switches of ditopic ligands with azobenzene central bridges at a molecular scale
Authors: Hnid Imen , Sun Xiaonan , Frath Denis , Lafolet Frédéric , Lacroix Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘Multi-functional switches of ditopic ligands with azobenzene central bridges at a molecular scale’ by Imen Hnid et al., Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 23042–23048.
Bacterial DUBs: deubiquitination beyond the seven classes
Authors: Hermanns Thomas , Hofmann Kay
Published: December 2019

Protein ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates many aspects of cellular life, including proteostasis, vesicular trafficking, DNA repair and NF-κB activation. By directly targeting intracellular bacteria or bacteria-containing vacuoles to the lysosome, ubiquitination is also an important component of cell-autonomous immunity. Not surprisingly, several pathogenic bacteria encode deubiquitinases (DUBs) and use them as secreted effectors that prevent ubiquitination of bacterial components. A systematic overview of known bacterial DUBs, including their cleavage specificities and biological roles, suggests multiple independent acquisition events from host-encoded DUBs and other proteases. The widely used classification of DUBs into seven well-defined families should only be applied to eukaryotic DUBs, since several bacterial DUBs do not follow this classification.
Polarization properties of AlN (101̅0) and (112̅0) non-polar surfaces: maximally localized Wannier functions study
Authors: Niu Haibo , Chen Guangde , Zhu Youzhang , Wu Yelong , Ye Honggang
Published: December 2019

AlN (101̅0) and (112̅0) surfaces are usually considered to be non-polar facets. However, polarization may be induced in the surface due to the surface dangling bonds. In this work, using the average local dipole evaluated by maximally localized Wannier functions, we investigated polarization properties of these two surfaces layer-by-layer. It is found that a remarkable polarization which is more than eight times that of the bulk, is induced on these two surfaces. Moreover, we found that the polarization oscillates around the bulk value in the inner surface layers, and quickly approaches to the bulk value at a depth of four layers. Such polarization variation was further analyzed from the viewpoints of atomic rearrangement and charge transfer. Thus (101̅0) and (112̅0) surfaces are actually not completely non-polar facets, but rather non-polar bulk core combined with polar surface layers which would potentially affect the surface properties. The present study may provide a deeper understanding of the non-polar AlN surfaces.
Behavior of BFRP bars subjected to dynamic impact loads
Authors: Abed Farid , Abdul-Latif Akrum , Mahaini Zin
Published: December 2019

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are deemed to be one of the best solutions to the corrosion dilemma associated with steel reinforcement. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of Basalt FRP bars subjected to impact loading. Dynamic tests were conducted on eighteen BFRP bars of 17 mm and 20 mm diameters (B17 and B20) using the drop hammer test procedure. Different loading rates were achieved through varying the weight of mass and height of fall. The paper evaluated the maximum stresses attained by the BFRP bars at various loading rates. As the loading rate increased, the B20 bars reported a higher strength value. However, the B17 bars showed a drop in the strength with the increase of the loading rate, which requires further investigation. The crushing was observed to be most prominent in the top part of the bars where the bars exhibited a conical shape after failure.
Thermomechanical modeling of IN718 alloy directed energy deposition process
Authors: Doux Adrien , Philippe Vincent
Published: December 2019

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes have a great potential to be used as cost-effective and efficient repairing and re-manufacturing processes for aerospace components such as turbine blades and landing gears. The AMOS project intends to connect repair and re-manufacturing strategies with design through accurate DED process simulation and novel multi-disciplinary design optimisation (MDO) methods. The ultimate goal is to reduce aerospace component weaknesses at design stage and prolong their lifecycles. DED AM processes are multi-physical phenomena involving high laser power melting powder or wire on a substrate. An experimental heat source has been calibrated using a heat transfer analysis of IN718 laser and powder AM on a sample part. Residual stresses and final distortion are also computed using thermal field and the evolving part distortion at each increment. Multiple hypotheses have been considered model the molten pool creation on the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).
Thermomechanical response of Mg AZ31 at different levels of temperatures and strain rates
Authors: Abed Farid , Abuzaid Wael , Morad Yomna
Published: December 2019

Magnesium alloys’ mechanical behavior has received increasing attention because of its high strength to weight ratio making them ideal for various industrial applications, such as vehicle components, transportation and aerospace. The objective of this work is to closely investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31 at different strain rates and temperatures. Tensile tests are conducted on a 30 mm gauge length MgAZ31 specimens at two quasi-static strain rates (1.11x10−3 s−1 and 0.28 s−1) at a range of temperatures between 25 ºC and 250 ºC. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system was used to calculate the true strain and provide quantitative assessment of the localized deformation response at high levels of deformation. The stress-strain responses of MgAZ31 show that the yield stress as well as the ultimate stress decreases as temperature increases and strain rate decreases. Moreover, the difference between the yield and ultimate stresses at both strain rates increases rapidly as temperature increases. The material shows a significant increase in ductility as temperature increases while the modulus of elasticity remains independent of change in strain rates.
The application of thin-walled integral constructions in aviation as exemplified by the SAT-AM project
Authors: Bałon Paweł , Świątoniowski Andrzej , Kiełbasa Bartłomiej , Rejman Edward , Szostak Janusz , Smusz Robert , Kowalski Łukasz
Published: December 2019

The high level of durability and reliability is a strict requirement for today's aircraft constructions. The most important aspect is the mass of the structure which has a decisive influence on both the volatile and technical properties of an aircraft as well as its economical operation. Modern aircraft structures, or more precisely their load-bearing structures, are almost exclusively manufactured as thin-walled ones which meet the requirement to minimize the mass of the structure. While the local loss of coverage stability is permissible under operating load conditions, exceeding critical load levels of the structural skeleton elements (e.g. frames, stringers) is practically synonymous with some destruction of the structure. It results in a necessity for the continual improvement of both design methods and the improvement of structural solutions of aviation structures. By reducing the thickness of the cover and, at the same time, introducing densely spaced stiffening longitudinal elements, a structure with considerably higher critical loads can be obtained and, consequently, a more favorable distribution of gradients and stress levels which directly contributes to an increase in fatigue life. This paper attempts to analyze the above-mentioned problem more closely, using the example of a densely ribbed rectangular plate.
Design And Investigation Of Flat–Upper–Surface Airfoil
Authors: Galiński Cezary , Gronowska Magdalena , Stalewski Wieńczysław , Gumowski Konrad
Published: December 2019

Attempts to build solar High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) airplanes are more and more frequent. In the future such airplanes may appear very useful for the economy because they may replace geostationary satellites in several applications for a fraction of cost. Unfortunately, necessary data on altitude effect on photovoltaic cells and batteries performance are not easily available. Therefore, flying testbed for their inexpensive testing is needed. Flat–upper surface airfoil was designed for application in small UAV dedicated for photovoltaic cells investigation at various altitudes. It should enable installation of rigid cells on the top of the wing without significant reduction of aerodynamic performance. It should also decrease a risk of damage of flexible cells due to the significant bending of long aspect ratio, elastic wings. This paper contains description of the design methodology, design assumptions and obtained results. Moreover experiment undertaken to evaluate the design is described as well. The wind tunnel and a semi–span model used for this experiment are presented together with obtained results. The model has exactly the same structure as envisaged structure of UAV, so flexibility of the wing is taken into account.
Evaluation of Variable Pitot Inlet Concepts for Transonic and Supersonic Civil Aviation
Authors: Kazula Stefan , Mischke Marcel , König Paul , Höschler Klaus
Published: December 2019

This paper describes the selection of the ideal variable inlet concept group by utilising results of aerodynamic investigations, system safety analyses and integration studies. Aerodynamic and functional inlet requirements are explained, and variable inlet concept groups are introduced. The concept evaluation by means of a weighted point rating is presented. The respective concept groups are analysed and evaluated regarding economic, functional and safety requirements. By means of this evaluation, the concept group that adjusts the inlet geometry by rigid segment repositioning is identified as most suitable concept group. The early selection of the most suitable concept group enables more detailed subsequent concept investigations, potentially enabling the technology of variable inlets for future commercial aircraft.
Estimation of performance parameters of turbine engine components using experimental data in parametric uncertainty conditions
Authors: Khustochka Olexandr , Chernysh Sergey , Yepifanov Sergiy , Ugryumov Mykhaylo , Przysowa Radoslaw
Published: December 2019

Gas Path Analysis and matching turbine engine models to experimental data are inverse problems of mathematical modelling which are characterized by parametric uncertainty. It results from the fact that the number of measured parameters is significantly less than the number of components’ performance parameters needed to describe the real engine. Inthese conditions, even small measurement errors can result in a high variation of results, and obtained efficiency, lossfactors etc. can appear out of the physical range. The paper presents new method for setting a priori information about the engine and its performance in view of fuzzy sets, forming objective functions and scalar convolutions synthesis of these functions to estimate gas-path components’ parameters. The comparison of the proposed approach with traditional methods showed that its main advantage is high stability of estimation in the parametric uncertainty conditions. It reduces scattering, excludes incorrect solutions which do not correspond to a priori assumptions, and also helps to implement the Gas Path Analysis at the limited number of measured parameters.
Proposal of a new simplified fluid dynamic model for aerospace servovalves
Authors: Dalla Vedova Matteo D.L. , Berri Pier Carlo
Published: December 2019

Highly detailed computer models are required for design and development of modern flight control systems, capable of emulating with high accuracy the behaviour of on-board equipment. At the same time, different simplified models are needed, specifically intended for operations such as the optimization of preliminary design and the development of diagnostic or prognostic strategies. These simplified models are required to combine sufficient levels of accuracy and reliability with reduced computational costs, to minimize the computational burden associated with prognostic and optimization algorithms. In this work, we focus on electro-hydraulic actuators, since they are critical subsystems in terms of safety and availability of the aircraft. Advanced monitoring and prognostic algorithms require new numerical models, combining an acceptable computational effort with a satisfying ability to simulate their performance and dynamics. To this purpose, this paper proposes a new simplified numerical model of the servovalve fluid-dynamic behaviour. This numerical algorithm, based on a very compact semi-empirical formulation, is intended to take into account in a simplified but sufficiently accurate way several typical effects related to the SV spool geometry and the operating conditions. To evaluate the approximations introduced by this model into a system-level simulation, it has been integrated into a dedicated numerical model simulating a simple electrohydraulic on-board actuator, and compared with a higher fidelity servovalve model.
Pragmatic science? Reflections on the academic - industry interactions in a European aviation research programme
Authors: Nixon Jim , Pilbeam Colin , Kirwan Barry
Published: December 2019

In this article we explore the types of science produced and disseminated in human factors research in the cognitive domain. We reflect on the methods and techniques used in the European, Horizon 2020 ‘Future Sky Safety’ Project: Human Performance Envelope (P6). This project has adopted multiple research paradigms, successfully engaging academia and research organizations throughout its four-year duration. We discuss the challenges of conducting practically focused work that can also be brought to publication in peer-reviewed journals. Finally, we frame our research contributions within this project using a recent model of practitioner engagement.
Design of a multifunctional composite structure for modular CubeSat applications
Authors: Capovilla Giorgio , Cestino Enrico , Reyneri Leonardo M. , Romeo Giulio
Published: December 2019

CubeSats primary structures are usually made with aluminium alloys, with few examples of CFRP primary structures under study. Power system battery arrays usually occupy spacecraft internal volume and mass that should be available to the payload. A CFRP structural/battery array configuration has been designed, allowing to integrate the electrical power system in the bus primary structure. Its configuration has been developed with the modular design philosophy of the AraMiS CubeSat. It is sized as a tile, mounted on an external face of the 1U CubeSat. It accommodates two solar cells, while the opposite face accommodates power system circuitry. Following a cellular structure concept, a set of commercial LiPo batteries has been placed between two CFRP panels and spaced out with CFRP ribs. Compliance with launch mechanical loads has been evaluated with a finite element analysis. A preliminary thermal analysis has been performed to simulate a LEO orbit environment. The results indicate that even with a low degree of structural integration, more volume and mass can be allocated to the payload, with respect to traditional, functionally separated designs in aluminium alloy. The low degree of integration allows to employ relatively cheap, commercial off-the-shelf components.