bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Michel Foucault, a gestão dos ilegalismos e a razão criminológica neoliberal
Authors: Reis Diego Dos Santos
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar de que modo os problemas da segurança e da economia das punições passam a ser centrais no cálculo político-econômico da racionalidade neoliberal. Como propõe Michel Foucault em seu curso Nascimento da Biopolítica, de 1979, a tecnologia de governo neoliberal conceberia o aparato estatal como “efeito móvel de um regime de governamentalidades múltiplas”. É o enfoque econômico, portanto, que permitirá pôr à prova a eficácia da ação governamental, a partir da avaliação do custo-benefício das intervenções na esfera do mercado e da sociedade, conforme a proposição dos teóricos neoliberais. Essa crítica mercantil direciona-se ao que é concebido como “dispêndio” das ações econômicas do poder público, dado que o mercado se torna “uma espécie de tribunal econômico permanente em face do governo”, como sugere Foucault. Nesse cenário, no qual se ampliam as demandas punitivas, a eficiência de atuação do sistema de justiça criminal dos Estados será medida pela avaliação do mercado e da economia, tendo em vista os seus efeitos. Tratar-se-á, então, de refletir sobre o funcionamento do poder punitivo em moldes econômicos, isto é, pela via da problematização dos custos da delinquência e dos modos de torná-los o menos dispendioso possível e com a máxima eficiência.
Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-patient dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance
Authors: Niehus Rene , van Kleef Esther , Mo Yin , Turlej-Rogacka Agata , Lammens Christine , Carmeli Yehuda , Goossens Herman , Tacconelli Evelina , Carevic Biljana , Preotescu Liliana , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Cooper Ben S
Published: May 2020

Antibiotic-induced perturbation of the human gut flora is expected to play an important role in mediating the relationship between antibiotic use and the population prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, but little is known about how antibiotics affect within-host resistance dynamics. Here we develop a data-driven model of the within-host dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae. We use blaCTX-M (the most widespread ESBL gene family) and 16S rRNA (a proxy for bacterial load) abundance data from 833 rectal swabs from 133 ESBL-positive patients followed up in a prospective cohort study in three European hospitals. We find that cefuroxime and ceftriaxone are associated with increased blaCTX-M abundance during treatment (21% and 10% daily increase, respectively), while treatment with meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and oral ciprofloxacin is associated with decreased blaCTX-M (8% daily decrease for all). The model predicts that typical antibiotic exposures can have substantial long-term effects on blaCTX-M carriage duration.
Personal responsibility for health: the impact of digitalisation
Authors: Martani Andrea , Starke Georg
Published: May 2020

Fostering the personal responsibility of patients is often considered a potential remedy for the problem of resource allocation in health care systems. In political and ethical debates, systems of rewards and punishments based on personal responsibility have proved very divisive. However,
regardless of the controversies it has sparked, the implementation of personal responsibility in concrete policies has always encountered the problem of practical enforceability, i.e.how causally relevant behaviour can be tracked, allowing policies of this kind to be applied in a fine-grained,
economically viable and accurate fashion. In this paper, we show how this hurdle can be seemingly overcome with the advent of digitalisation in health and delineate the potential impact of digitalisation on personal responsibility for health. We discuss how digitalisation – by datafying
health and making patients transparent – promises to close the loophole of practical enforceability by allowing to trace health-related lifestyle choices of individuals as well as their exposure to avoidable risk factors. Digitalisation in health care thereby reinforces what Gerald Dworkin
has called the causal aspect of personal responsibility and strengthens the implicit syllogism that – since exposure to risk factors happens at the individual level – responsibility for health should be ascribed to the individual. We conclude by addressing the limitations of this
approach and suggest that there are other ways in which the potential of digitalisation can help with the allocation of resources in health care.
Effect of Chest Compression Position Depending on the Rescuer’s Hip Joint Angle During Basic CPR
Authors: Lee Jae-Min , Yun Hyeong-Wan
Published: May 2020

This study aims to investigate the improvement in basic CPR quality on the basis of the hip joint angle of the rescuer among students in the Department of Emergency Medical Technology who completed a basic CPR curriculum. In this study, we carried out a comparative analysis using SimPad SkillReporter and Resusci Anne® QCPR® to measure the quality of CPR (depth of chest compressions, full relaxation, compression speed, and more) on the basis of the rescuer’s hip joint angle in accordance with the 2015 AHA Guidelines and conducted chest compressions and CPR 5 times in a 30:2 ratio. It was found that maintenance of the rescuer’s hip joint angle at 90 degrees while compressing and relaxing the chest made a statistically significant difference in both the experimental and control groups. Moreover, this indicated that the closer the hip joint angle was to 90 degrees, the better was the quality of basic CPR. However, there was no significant difference in the hip joint angle, degree of CPR, depth of chest compressions, chest compression speed, chest compression and relaxation percentages (%), accuracy of chest compressions, hands-off time during CPR, and percentage of chest compression time (p > 0.05). Maintaining the hip joint angle at 90 degrees for basic CPR was not significantly different from not maintaining this angle. Nonetheless, good results have been obtained at moderate depth and 100% recoil. Therefore, good outcome and high-quality CPR are expected.
A Study on the Safety of Evacuation according to Evacuation Delay Time and Fire Door Openness: Based on Residence Types
Authors: Seo Dong-Gil , Kim Mi-Seon , Gu Seon-Hwan , Song Young-Joo
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.
Measurement of Heat Release Rate by Carbon Dioxide Generation Method for Methane Fire
Authors: Kim Sung-Chan
Published: May 2020

The energy released by various burning material has a wide range of its magnitude and transient characteristics, the measurement of the heat release rate(HRR) has been considered as one of the most challenging issue among the parameters related to fire. This study compares the measured HRR calculated by the oxygen consumption (OC) method and the carbon dioxide generation (CDG) method using a laboratory-scale fire calorimeter. The feasibility of the CDG method is examined by analyzing the relative error. The relationship between the oxygen depletion factor and CO2 mass flow rate, which is a key parameter in HRR calculations, showed strong linearity at 6 % for the methane burner fire. The contribution of HRR by CO was less than 7% compared with the of HRR by CO2 in the CDG calculation method. The linearity of the OC and CDG methods with respect to HRR of the referenced methane burner in a quasi-steady state was less than 1%; this indicates that the CDG method can be utilized as a complementary method in heat release rate measurement.
Fire Tests for Representative Combustibles in Residential Facilities for the Development of Field Commander Training Content
Authors: Moon Min-Ho , Yang So-Yeon , Han Kuk-Il , Lee Ji-Hee , Kim Hyung-Jun
Published: May 2020

In this study, the fire patterns, heat emissions, and smoke generated by means of fire tests developed for representative combustibles in residential facilities were analyzed from among seven fire types. These combustibles were selected in a previous study to simulate real-world situations and professionalism required while dealing with these types of fires and develop the field commander training content. Consequently, the maximum heat dissipation was recorded as 728.6 kW, followed by the dissipation measured from the combination of a mattress and electric blanket, desk and chair, and TV and mattress. The total heat emission of sofas (226.2 MJ) and the combination of mattress and electric blanket (2,259.5 m2) was recorded. In this study, the scope of the tests was limited to the fire characteristics and characteristics of the combustibles, and it is expected that a simulation using various data acquisition methods and FDS would be performed and evaluated at a later stage.
Cubic spline interpolation based estimation of all story seismic responses with acceleration measurement at a limited number of floors
Authors: Kodera Kenzo , Nishitani Akira , Okihara Yurina
Published: May 2020

Building damage assessment soon after a seismic event is a highly significant issue. Currently, sensor implementation on all the floors of a building comprising more than a few stories is not practical. This paper proposes a framework for estimating the responses of all the stories of buildings, only using data from a limited number of accelerometers. Based on cubic spline interpolation, the framework is constructed by setting of the boundary conditions at the top and the base of the building. The validity of the framework is demonstrated utilizing the E‐defense shake table test data.
Melatonin‐Based and Biomimetic Scaffold as Muscle–ECM Implant for Guiding Myogenic Differentiation of Volumetric Muscle Loss
Authors: Xu Yang , Chen Xuan , Qian Yun , Tang Haozheng , Song Jialin , Qu Xinhua , Yue Bing , Yuan Wei‐En
Published: May 2020

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) caused by injury or trauma affects the quality of life directly, due to its high incidence, lingering healing, and prolonged duration. Tissue engineered scaffolds have been widely used in muscle regeneration for patients with massive muscle injury. Melatonin (MLT) is a bioactive substance secreted by the pineal gland, which can promote muscle recovery by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, a biocompatible scaffold is developed using thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA‐SH), collagen I (COL I), and polycaprolactone/melatonin (PCL/MLT) electrospun membranes. This scaffold mimics extracellular matrix (ECM) and architectural features of native muscle, possesses appropriate mechanical property, stiffness and promotes vascularization. It can provide adhesion sites for C2C12 cells and induce their proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, VML rat model is established to evaluate its effect on muscle regeneration. Results demonstrate that this scaffold possesses a practical application for VML.
Scaffold‐Free Bio‐3D Printing Using Spheroids as “Bio‐Inks” for Tissue (Re‐)Construction and Drug Response Tests
Authors: Murata Daiki , Arai Kenichi , Nakayama Koichi
Published: May 2020

In recent years, scaffold‐free bio‐3D printing using cell aggregates (spheroids) as “bio‐inks” has attracted increasing attention as a method for 3D cell construction. Bio‐3D printing uses a technique called the Kenzan method, wherein spheroids are placed one‐by‐one in a microneedle array (the “Kenzan”) using a bio‐3D printer. The bio‐3D printer is a machine that was developed to perform bio‐3D printing automatically. Recently, it has been reported that cell constructs can be produced by a bio‐3D printer using spheroids composed of many types of cells and that this can contribute to tissue (re‐)construction. This progress report summarizes the production and effectiveness of various cell constructs prepared using bio‐3D printers. It also considers the future issues and prospects of various cell constructs obtained by using this method for further development of scaffold‐free 3D cell constructions.
Using deep learning to recognize liquid–liquid flow patterns in microchannels
Authors: Shen Chong , Zheng Qibo , Shang Minjing , Zha Li , Su Yuanhai
Published: May 2020

In this work, an automatic liquid–liquidtwo‐phase flow pattern recognition platform was developed to help circumvent the difficulties in labor‐intensive hydrodynamics studies. Trained by about 30,000 of human‐labeled flow pattern images, a convolutional neural network was built with the expert‐level ability in the flow pattern recognition tasks and then coupled with automatic pump feeding system and online high‐speed camera monitoring system to realize the high‐throughput experimentation platform for microchannels. Effects of important factors such as flow rate, viscosity, interfacial tension, and so on were studied, and different flow pattern maps were obtained. With these thousands of flow pattern data in hand, we eventually drew the generalized liquid–liquidtwo‐phase flow map and then proposed the relatively prudent criteria for slug flow operation window in the microchannel. This study extended the applications of artificial intelligence on microreactor technology or microfluidics, and in particular facilitated understanding complex hydrodynamics and flow patterns.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Sonogashira Type Coupling of Alkynes with α‐Bromoamides
Authors: Mo Xueling , Chen Bin , Zhang Guozhu
Published: May 2020

An asymmetric copper‐catalyzed Sonogashira type coupling between alkynes and α‐bromoamides has been developed. This method represents a facile approach to synthetically useful β, γ‐alkynyl amides from two readily available starting materials in a highly enantioselective manner. A Bisoxazoline diphenylanaline (BOPA) serves as the effective chiral ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the formation of alkyl radical species .
Properties of Coated Controlled Release Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizers Prepared with the Use of Bio‐based Amino Oil
Authors: Sofyane Asma , Lahcini Mohammed , El Meziane Abdellatif , Khouloud Mehdi , Dahchour Abdelmalek , Caillol Sylvain , Raihane Mustapha
Published: May 2020

In an effort to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer use and minimize their negative impact on the environment, a novel biomass‐based, functional controlled‐release fertilizer was used to improve nutrient use efficiency and increase crop production systems for more sustainable agriculture practices. Here, bio‐based amino‐oil (Priamine) mixtures were proposed as an outer coating with different layers for the control of phosphorus release from diammonium Phosphate (DAP). These hydrophobic coatings conferred excellent barrier properties and flexibility to coatings. The morphological characterization of the coated fertilizer was performed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), electronic diffraction X‐ray (EDX) and mapping, and revealed the formation of a cohesive film and a good adhesion between DAP fertilizer and coating film. The release rate of nutrients (phosphate) in water was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of coating thickness was investigated on release time and diffusion coefficient of phosphor release in distilled water. Release time increased with the coating thickness. The diffusion coefficient of nutrient release decreased with the coating thickness. Compared with uncoated granule which is totally solubilized after less than 2 hours, the P release profiles of the coated granules reached the equilibrium stage approximately after 98 and 126 hours when the DAP is coated with only Priamine single‐layer (1L) and double‐layer (2L), respectively. Moreover, the strategy adopted has successfully provided a very slow release and long‐term availability of nutrient sources with bio‐based coating oil compared to uncoated fertilizer (DAP) and therefore exhibited promising application for sustainable development of modern agriculture and circular economic.
Clinical relevance of the anatomy of the long head bicipital groove, an evidence‐based review
Authors: van Deurzen Derek F. P. , Garssen Frans L. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. , ten Have Isha , van den Bekerom Michel P. J.
Published: May 2020

Pathology in the bicipital groove can be a source of anterior shoulder pain. Many studies have compared treatment techniques for the long head biceps tendon (LHBT) without showing any clinically significant differences. As the LHBT is closely related to the bicipital groove, anatomical aspects of this groove could also be implicated in surgical outcomes. The aim of this review is to contribute to developing the optimal surgical treatment of LHBT pathology based on clinically relevant aspects of the bicipital groove. Medline/PubMed was systematically searched using key words “bicipital” and “groove” and combinations of their synonyms. Studies reporting on evolution, embryonic development, morphometry, vascularization, innervation, and surgical treatment of the LHBT and the bicipital groove were included. The length of the bicipital groove reported in the included studies ranged from 81.00 mm to 87.33 mm, width from 7.74 mm to 11.60 mm, and depth from 3.70 mm to 6.00 mm. The anatomy of the bicipital groove shows a bottleneck narrowing approximately two‐thirds from superior. The transverse humeral ligament can constrain the bicipital groove and could be involved in anterior shoulder pain. When either LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis is performed, routinely releasing the transverse ligament could decrease postoperative anterior shoulder pain, which has frequently been reported in the literature. To avoid the bottle neck narrowing, a location below the bicipital groove may be preferred for biceps tenodesis over a more proximal tenodesis site.

Level of evidence: IV.
Albert C. Broders, tumor grading, and the origin of the long road to personalized cancer care
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: May 2020

The roots of precision cancer therapy began at the Mayo Clinic in 1914 when surgical pathologist Albert C. Broders began collecting data showing that cancers of the same histologic type behaved differently. In March 1920, based upon 6 years of clinical follow‐up, Broders published his first paper, utilizing data from over 500 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip that he had blindly divided into four histologic grades based upon degree of differentiation, showing that numerical tumor "grading" allowed him to predict patient prognosis. Before this, surgeons had no scientific way to evaluate prognosis. Broders then replicated his work using other types of tumors at other body sites, as did several Mayo Fellows and pathologists at other institutions. Cuthbert Dukes in London, England not only replicated Broders’ findings with rectal adenocarcinomas, he also used the same data to develop the first tumor “staging” methodology by focusing upon depth of local invasion and presence or absence of lymph node metastases. Soon, tumor grading, tumor staging, or the combination of both represented state‐of‐the‐art prognostic techniques for scientific cancer care. This brief historical vignette celebrates the 100th anniversary of Broders’ first paper, which is the starting point for the long road to personalized cancer care.
Second‐line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib: Characterizing treatments used over the past 10 years and real‐world eligibility for cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab
Authors: Fung Andrea S. , Tam Vincent C. , Meyers Daniel E. , Sim Hao‐Wen , Knox Jennifer J. , Zaborska Valeriya , Davies Janine , Ko Yoo‐Joung , Batuyong Eugene , Samawi Haider , Cheung Winson Y. , Lee‐Ying Richard
Published: May 2020

Background

The CELESTIAL, RESORCE, and REACH‐2 trials showed survival benefit of cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab, respectively, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with sorafenib who had good performance status (ECOG 0‐1) and liver function (Child‐Pugh‐A). This study characterizes subsequent treatments received by HCC patients after sorafenib, and determines the proportion of patients eligible for novel therapies if strict eligibility criteria (SEC) were utilized compared to more liberal modified eligibility criteria (MEC, including ECOG 2, Child‐Pugh‐B7).

Methods

HCC patients who received sorafenib between 2008 and 2017 were included from the Canadian HCC CHORD Database. Patients were classified as eligible or ineligible based on available CELESTIAL, RESORCE, and REACH‐2 trial SEC or MEC. Median overall survival (mOS) was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

A total of 730 patients were identified; and 172 (23.6%) received subsequent treatment. Patients who received subsequent treatment had longer mOS than those who did not (12.1 vs 3.3 months; P < .001). Using SEC, only 13.1% of patients would be eligible for cabozantinib, regorafenib, or ramucirumab. Expanding eligibility to include patients who meet MEC increased the proportion of eligible patients to 31.7%. Higher ineligibility for regorafenib and ramucirumab was driven by trial‐specific criteria, including sorafenib intolerance (28%) for RESORCE and AFP <400 (58.9%) for REACH‐2.

Conclusions

A small proportion of real‐world HCC patients would be eligible for cabozantinib, regorafenib, or ramucirumab if SEC in clinical trials were followed, while more than double would be eligible if MEC were applied. Patients who received subsequent treatment had improved mOS, regardless of whether they met SEC or MEC.
Nonribosomal Peptides Produced by Minimal and Engineered Synthetases with Terminal Reductase Domains
Authors: Tietze Andreas , Shi Yan‐Ni , Kronenwerth Max , Bode Helge B.
Published: May 2020

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) use terminal reductase domains for 2‐electron reduction of the enzyme‐bound thioester releasing the generated peptides as C‐terminal aldehydes. Herein, we reveal the biosynthesis of a pyrazine that originates from an aldehyde‐generating minimal NRPS termed ATRed in entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus indica. Reductase domains were also investigated in terms of NRPS engineering and, although no general applicable approach was deduced, we show that they can indeed be used for the production of similar natural and unnatural pyrazinones.
Nanoflower‐like Cu/SiO2 Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Ethylene Carbonate to Methanol and Ethylene Glycol: Enriching H2 Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Mengjiao , Yang Youwei , Li Antai , Yao Dawei , Gao Yueqi , Fayisa Busha Assaba , Wang Mei‐Yan , Huang Shouying , Lv Jing , Wang Yue , Ma Xinbin
Published: May 2020

The hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce methanol and ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the key steps in the promising route for CO2 utilization on a large scale. However, the high H2/EC ratio in feed (usually as 200∼300) is generally required to achieve favorable catalytic activity, inducing the high cost for H2 circulation in the industrial application. Here, we report a series of nanoflower‐like catalysts with curved fibers and open ends, among which the catalyst with the highest fiber density exhibited nearly 98 % EC conversion, 75 % methanol selectivity and over 99 % EG selectivity when the H2/EC ratio was decreased to 60. Combining the characterizations of active species distribution and high‐pressure H2 adsorption, it is demonstrated that the nanoflower‐like morphology with dense fibers could remarkably enrich the hydrogen adsorption, consequently, accelerate the reaction rate and present an excellent performance at a low H2/EC ratio. These insights may provide instructive suggestions for further design of catalysts for the hydrogenation reactions.
Controllable synthesis of Fe–N4 species for acidic oxygen reduction
Authors: Yan Xuecheng , Jia Yi , Wang Kang , Jin Zhao , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Chen Jun , Yao Xiangdong
Published: May 2020

Controllable design and synthesis of catalysts with the target active sites are extremely important for their applications such as for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, the controllably synthesizing electrocatalysts with a single type of active site still remains a grand challenge. In this study, we developed a facile and scalable method for fabricating highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts with sole atomic Fe–N4 species as the active site. Herein, the use of cost‐effective highly porous carbon as the support not only could avoid the aggregation of the atomic Fe species but also a feasible approach to reduce the catalyst cost. The obtained atomic Fe–N4 in activated carbon (aFe@AC) shows excellent ORR activity. Its half‐wave potential is 59 mV more negative but 47 mV more positive than that of the commercial Pt/C in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. The full cell performance test results show that the aFe@AC sample is a promising candidate for direct methanol fuel cells. This study provides a general method to prepare catalysts with a certain type of active site and definite numbers.
Polyhydrido Copper Nanoclusters with a Hollow Icosahedral Core: [Cu30H18{E2P(OR)2}12] (E=S or Se; R=nPr, iPr or iBu)
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Huo Shou‐Chih , Wu Chun‐Yen , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Liao Jian‐Hong , Wang Xiaoping , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: May 2020

Although atomically precise polyhydrido copper nanoclusters are of prime interest for a variety of applications, they have so far remained scarce. Herein, this work describes the synthesis of a dithiophosphate‐protected copper(I) hydride‐rich nanocluster (NC), [Cu30H18{S2P(OnPr)2}12] (1H), fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The X‐ray structure of 1H reveals an unprecedented central Cu12 hollow icosahedron. Six faces of this icosahedron are capped by Cu3 triangles, the whole Cu30 core being wrapped by twelve dithiophosphate ligands and the whole cluster has ideal S6 symmetry. The locations of the 18 hydrides in 1H were ascertained by a single‐crystal neutron diffraction study. They are composed of three types: capping μ3‐H, interstitial μ4‐H (seesaw) and μ5‐H ligands (square pyramidal), in good agreement with the DFT simulations. The numbers of hydrides and ligand resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of 1H are in line with their coordination environment in the solid state, retaining the S6 symmetry in solution. Furthermore, two new Se‐protected polyhydrido copper nanoclusters, [Cu30H18{Se2P(OR)2}12] (2H: R=iPr 3H: R=iBu) were synthesized from their sulfur relative 1H via ligand displacement reaction and their X‐ray structures feature the exceptional case where both the NC shape and size are fully conserved during the course of ligand exchange. DFT and TD‐DFT calculations allow understanding the bonding and optical properties of clusters 1H–3H. In addition, the reaction of 1H with [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2] in the presence of terminal alkynes led to the formation of new bimetallic Cu−Pd alloy clusters [PdCu14H2{S2P(OnPr)2}6(C≡CR)6] (4: R=Ph; 5: R=C6H4F).
Effects of sampling seasons and locations on fish environmental DNA metabarcoding in dam reservoirs
Authors: Hayami Kana , Sakata Masayuki K. , Inagawa Takashi , Okitsu Jiro , Katano Izumi , Doi Hideyuki , Nakai Katsuki , Ichiyanagi Hidetaka , Gotoh Ryo O. , Miya Masaki , Sato Hirotoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: May 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has seen rapid development in the last decade, as a novel biodiversity monitoring method. Previous studies have evaluated optimal strategies, at several experimental steps of eDNA metabarcoding, for the simultaneous detection of fish species. However, optimal sampling strategies, especially the season and the location of water sampling, have not been evaluated thoroughly. To identify optimal sampling seasons and locations, we performed sampling monthly or at two‐monthly intervals throughout the year in three dam reservoirs. Water samples were collected from 15 and nine locations in the Miharu and Okawa dam reservoirs in Fukushima Prefecture, respectively, and five locations in the Sugo dam reservoir in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. One liter of water was filtered with glass‐fiber filters, and eDNA was extracted. By performing MiFish metabarcoding, we successfully detected a total of 21, 24, and 22 fish species in Miharu, Okawa, and Sugo reservoirs, respectively. From these results, the eDNA metabarcoding method had a similar level of performance compared to conventional long‐term data. Furthermore, it was found to be effective in evaluating entire fish communities. The number of species detected by eDNA survey peaked in May in Miharu and Okawa reservoirs, and in March and June in Sugo reservoir, which corresponds with the breeding seasons of many of fish species inhabiting the reservoirs. In addition, the number of detected species was significantly higher in shore, compared to offshore samples in the Miharu reservoir, and a similar tendency was found in the other two reservoirs. Based on these results, we can conclude that the efficiency of species detection by eDNA metabarcoding could be maximized by collecting water from shore locations during the breeding seasons of the inhabiting fish. These results will contribute in the determination of sampling seasons and locations for fish fauna survey via eDNA metabarcoding, in the future.
Lipid Profiles in By‐Products and Muscles of Three Shrimp Species (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis)
Authors: Yu Zhuo‐Liang , Li De‐Yang , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhao Qi , Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Song Liang , Zhou Da‐Yong , Wang Tong
Published: May 2020

To better understand the health benefits of lipids in shrimp and evaluate their potential value, a comprehensive analysis of lipid profiles in by‐products (head and body carapace) and muscles of shrimps Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis is performed. Results show that freeze‐dried muscles of these shrimps contain 3.83%, 4.39%, and 2.93% of lipids, respectively, while the corresponding by‐products contain 4.69%, 5.89%, and 5.39% of lipids, respectively. The total lipids comprise glycerophospholipid (PL, 54.86–77.29%), cholesterol (12.67–18.79%), triacylglycerol (1.28–7.02%), diacylglycerol (0.27–1.58%), monoacylglycerol (0.32–3.04%), and free fatty acid (FFA, 2.84–20.58%). Further, PL contains cholineglycerophospholipid (PLCho, 49.75–66.99 mol%), ethanolamineglycerophospholipid (PLEtn, 14.02–28.16 mol%), serineglycerophospholipid (PLSer, 4.85–12.66 mol%), inositolglycerophospholipid (PLIns, 4.36–15.63 mol%), and cholinelysoglycerophospholipid (LPLCho, 2.07–6.35 mol%). Lipids are abundant in polyunsaturated FA (36.55–42.72% of total FA), among which eicosapentaenoic acid (6.38–11.59% of total FA), and docosahexaenoic acid (7.63–12.08% of total FA) are dominant. About 200 species of PL belonging to PLCho, PLEtn, PLIns, LPLCho, lysoglycerophosphoethanolamine (LPLEtn), and lysoglycerophosphoserine (LPLSer) are characterized. Moreover, the by‐products contain higher amounts of astaxanthin than the muscles. Considering high level of PUFA enriched PL, shrimp by‐products can serve as a source for nutritional lipids.

Practical Applications: This study presented a comprehensive analysis of the lipid profiles in by‐products (head and body carapace) and muscles of shrimps Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis. The results obtained justified the use of by‐products in shrimp processing, indicating that by‐products can be used for commercial exploitation and production of value‐added products due to PUFA‐enriched PL, especially EPA and DHA.
Characterization of dual‐polarized monostatic patch antennas for full‐duplex applications
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Niazi Ahmad U.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the characterization of two different dual‐polarized monostatic (shared radiator) antennas. As an example, the design and implementation of two dual‐polarized 2.4 GHz patch antennas are presented in this paper for in‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) or single‐channel full‐duplex (SCFD) wireless applications. Both the antennas use orthogonal feeding ports but differ in feeding structures. The effect of the shape of radiating patch (square shape vs circular shape) on interport RF isolation characteristics of dual‐polarized patch antenna is studied along with the effect of the feeding position on interport isolation of dual‐polarized square‐shaped patch with thin quarter‐wave microstrip feeds. The simulated interport isolation results for monostatic and bistatic dual‐polarized antennas are compared. The simulation results show the effect of slot length, slot width, stub length, size of patch, and feed line on intended frequency of operation for the single‐port slot‐coupled patch antenna. Finally, the performance of two dual‐polarized implemented antennas is analyzed by comparing the measured interport isolation (S12) results at a required operating frequency around 2.4 GHz. The implemented antenna with thin co‐planar quarter‐wave microstrip feeds provides 43 dB interport isolation, while the dual‐port slot‐coupled IBFD antenna has 70 dB interport isolation at the center frequency. The slot fed antenna provides > 55 dB port to port isolation within 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 50 MHz. The dimensions of the implemented antennas are 68 mm x 68 mm x 1.6 mm and 68 mm × 68 mm × 3.2 mm, respectively. Due to the use of high‐loss FR‐4, the radiation efficiencies and gains of both antennas are around 60% and 4 dBi, respectively. The novelty and contribution of this work are the design, implementation, and detailed analysis of two dual‐polarized compact antennas for full‐duplex applications.
Deep learning for dune pattern mapping with the AW3D30 global surface model
Authors: Shumack Samuel , Hesse Paul , Farebrother Will
Published: May 2020

In this paper we present a deep learning (U‐Net)‐based workflow for classifying linear dune landforms based on the discrete Laplacian convolution of a new global elevation dataset, the AW3D30 digital surface model. Crest vectors were then derived for landscape pattern analysis. The U‐Net crest classification model was trained and evaluated on sample data from dunefields across the Australian continent. The resulting crest vectors and dune defect placement were then evaluated in typical semi‐arid and arid dune landscapes in eastern central Australia where high‐resolution (5 m horizontal) digital elevation models are available (for three out of our four study sites) as a reference dataset. The method was applied to quantify dune pattern metrics for the entire Simpson Desert dunefield, Australia. The U‐Net does a very good job of segmenting dune crests, even where dunes are less clear in the Laplacian map (intersection over union score ≈ 0.68). When crest vectors and dune defects (network nodes) were derived, the defect predictions were typically correct (0.4 to 0.79 correctness) but incomplete (0.02 to 0.64 completeness). Much of the residual error was traced to the resolution of the input data. Through the application to the Simpson Desert, we nevertheless demonstrated that our method can effectively be used for regional‐scale dune pattern analysis. Furthermore, we suggest that the combination of morphological filtering and a convolutional neural network could readily be adapted to target other geomorphic features, such as channel networks or geological lineaments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina on Perovskite Nanocrystal Films by Using O2 As a Molecular Probe
Authors: Saris Seryio , Dona Sanduni T. , Niemann Valerie , Loiudice Anna , Buonsanti Raffaella
Published: May 2020

Encapsulation methods have shown to be effective in imparting improved stability to metal‐halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal oxides is one of the promising approaches for such encapsulation, yet better control on the process parameters are required to achieve viable lifetimes for several optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. Herein, we optimize the ALD process of amorphous aluminum oxide (AlOx) as an encapsulating layer for CsPbBr3 NC thin films by using oxygen (O2) as a molecular diffusion probe to assess the uniformity of the deposited AlOx layer. When O2 reaches the NC surface, it extracts the photogenerated electrons, thus quenching the PL of the CsPbBr3 NCs. As the quality of the ALD layer improves, less quenching is expected. We compare three different ALD deposition modes. We find that the low temperature/high temperature and the exposure modes improve the quality of the alumina as a gas barrier when compared with the low temperature mode. We attribute this result to a better diffusion of the ALD precursor throughout the NC film. We propose the low temperature/high temperature as the most suitable mode for future implementation of multilayered coatings.
Understanding Surface Recombination Processes Using Intensity‐Modulated Photovoltage Spectroscopy on Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Guijarro Néstor , Sivula Kevin
Published: May 2020

Converting solar energy into hydrogen through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers a promising route towards a fully renewable energy economy. A fundamental understanding of photogenerated charge recombination processes in semiconducting photoelectrodes is a key consideration in optimizing solar water splitting cells and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) has recently emerged as a promising technique for gaining new insight. However, the interpretation of IMVS data under various conditions (that is, when photoelectrodes are in sacrificial electrolytes or employ catalytic overlayers) is not complete. Using IMVS data we present herein an analysis of charge recombination processes under open circuit conditions on a model photoanode system: nanostructured hematite. Employing two sacrificial oxidation conditions compared to standard water oxidation conditions, our IMVS results establish a direct correlation between surface recombination processes and the low frequency IMVS response. We found that surface intermediate states for water oxidation under open circuit condition exhibit a lifetime of 229 ms under standard illumination conditions. Applying a nickel iron oxide overlayer also gives insight into surface passivation effects through IMVS analysis of photoanode system.
Application of green tea extracts epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in dental materials: Recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Liao Shengnan , Tang Yu , Chu Chenyu , Lu Weitong , Baligen Bolatihan , Man Yi , Qu Yili
Published: May 2020

Because of excellent biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and anti‐caries ability, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been widely studied in the treatment of oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, oral cancer, and dental caries. To reach the site of the lesion or achieve sustained release, play the role of anti‐caries, anti‐inflammatory, or to maintain or improve the physical properties of the modified material，EGCG need to be cross‐linked or embedded with dental adhesives, barrier membranes, bone replacement materials, tissue regeneration materials, and antimicrobial anti‐caries materials to better prevent or treat oral diseases. This article reviews the applications of EGCG in oral materials, involving various areas of the oral cavity, reveals their excellent potential, and sees shortcomings in these research to promote the better development of EGCG applications in oral materials such as oral repair materials, bone tissue engineering materials and antibacterial and anti‐caries materials.
Ibuprofen during gestation prevents some changes in physical and reflex development in offspring in a model of hyperleucinemia and maternal inflammation
Authors: de Franceschi Itiane Diehl , da Silva Juliano Dellazen , Nitzke Minuzzi Bruna , de Barros Katlyn Cardoso , Fernandes Elissa Kerli , Bortoluzzi Vanessa Trindade , Rieger Elenara , Preissler Thales , Feksa Luciane Rosa , Hahn Roberta Zilles , Linden Rafael , Rech Virginia Cielo , Casali Emerson André , Wannmacher Clovis Milton Duval
Published: May 2020

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a severe deficiency in the branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex activity. Patients MSUD accumulate the branched‐chain amino acids leucine (Leu), isoleucine, valine in blood, and other tissues. Leu and/or their branched‐chain α‐keto acids are linked to neurological damage in MSUD. When immediately diagnosed and treated, patients develop normally. Inflammation in MSUD can elicit a metabolic decompensation crisis. There are few cases of pregnancy in MSUD women, and little is known about the effect of maternal hyperleucinemia on the neurodevelopment of their babies. During pregnancy, some intercurrences like maternal infection or inflammation may affect fetal development and are linked to neurologic diseases. Lipopolysaccharide is widely accepted as a model of maternal inflammation. We analyzed the effects of maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation and the possible positive impact the use of ibuprofen in Wistar rats on a battery of physics (ear unfolding, hair growing, incisors eruption, eye‐opening, and auditive channel opening) and neurological reflexes (palmar grasp, surface righting, negative geotaxis, air‐righting, and auditory‐startle response) maturation parameters in the offspring. Maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation delayed some physical parameters and neurological reflexes, indicating that both situations may be harmful to fetuses, and ibuprofen reversed some settings.
3CL hydrolase‐based multiepitope peptide vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 using immunoinformatics
Authors: Jakhar Renu , Kaushik Samander , Gakhar Surendra K.
Published: May 2020

The present study provides the first multiepitope vaccine construct using the 3CL hydrolase protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. This study was based on immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology strategies. The design of the multiepitope vaccine was built using helper T‐cell and cytotoxic T‐cell epitopes from the 3CL hydrolase protein along with an adjuvant to enhance immune response; these are joined to each other by short peptide linkers. The vaccine also carries potential B‐cell linear epitope regions, B‐cell discontinuous epitopes, and interferon‐γ‐inducing epitopes. Epitopes of the constructed multiepitope vaccine were found to be antigenic, nonallergic, nontoxic, and covering large human populations worldwide. The vaccine construct was modeled, validated, and refined by different programs to achieve a high‐quality three‐dimensional structure. The resulting high‐quality model was applied for conformational B‐cell epitope selection and docking analyses with toll‐like receptor‐3 for understanding the capability of the vaccine to elicit an immune response. In silico cloning and codon adaptation were also performed with the pET‐19b plasmid vector. The designed multiepitope peptide vaccine may prompt the development of a vaccine to control SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Impact of methylglyoxal modification of chicken sarcoplasmic protein emulsions on emulsifying properties, rheological behavior and advanced glycation end products
Authors: Zhu Zongshuai , Fang Rui , Ali Iftikhar , Huang Ming
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Protein modification is used to improve emulsion properties. However, there are limited reports on the effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) modification on emulsifying properties and on the production of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) in chicken sarcoplasmic protein emulsion (SPE). In this study, MGO solution was dispersed into prepared emulsion (17 mg mL−1 sarcoplasmic–soybean oil (v/v 5:1)) at 0, 0.5, 5, 10, 30 and 50 mmol L‐1 concentrations. Emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsifying stability index (ESI), Z‐average diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, rheological behavior (thermal condensation characteristics and fluidity) and AGEs in different concentrations of MGO SPE were measured. In addition, the effect of MGO on the levels of AGEs, lipid and protein oxidation of the emulsion as well as their relationship has also been analyzed.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that ESI had the lowest value when MGO was added at a concentration of 10 mmol L‐1, while Z‐average, PDI, carbonyl and AGEs had the highest value at the same concentration. Also, 10 mmol L‐1 MGO played an important role in affecting the rheology of the emulsion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) results showed that the presence of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in SPE was the main reason for the crosslinking of polymers which could be damaged by high concentration of MGO (>10 mmol L‐1).

CONCLUSION

Different concentration of MGO showed varying effects on emulsion properties and on the formation of AGEs in chicken SPE. Pearson's correlation analysis concluded that protein oxidation played a significant positive role during MGO modification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Properties of raspberry powder obtained by a new method of fluidised‐bed jet milling and drying compared to other drying methods
Authors: Sadowska Anna , Świderski Franciszek , Hallmann Ewelina
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Among food producers, there is a need for and a great interest in obtaining powders from fruit and vegetables characterised by high nutritional values and sensory qualities at favourable prices, preferably lower than those for powders obtained by freeze‐drying (FD). The present study assessed the functional properties, including bioactive ingredient contents, of the raspberry powders obtained by a new method of fluidised‐bed jet milling and drying (FBJD) which has not been yet used on an industrial scale.

RESULTS

Compared to the powders obtained by FD, the powders obtained by the new method were characterised by a comparable content of vitamin C (~2.70–2.74 mg g−1), approximately 10–15% higher contents of anthocyanins and polyphenols, and higher antioxidant properties. Compared to the powders obtained by convection drying (CD) and spray drying (SD) methods, FBJD powders were characterised by approximately 40% and 80% higher polyphenol contents and 43% and 77% higher antioxidant activities, respectively. The content of vitamin C in FBJD powders was 49% higher than in CD powders, and only 4% higher than in SD powders.

CONCLUSION

Considering the findings outlined above, the method tested is concluded to be competitive with the methods currently used as a result of the high content of bioactive compounds in powders obtained by means of the cheaper, low‐temperature process of simultaneous drying and micronisation in FBJD. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry