bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of gravity waves in the lower ionosphere using VLF observations at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station
Authors: Correia Emilia , Raunheitte Luis Tiago Medeiros , Bageston José Valentin , D'Amico Dino Enrico
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The goal of this work is to investigate the gravity waves (GWs) characteristics in the low ionosphere using very low frequency (VLF) radio signals. The spatial modulations produced by the GWs affect the conditions of the electron density at reflection height of the VLF signals, which produce fluctuations of the electrical conductivity in the D-region that can be detected as variations in the amplitude and phase of VLF narrowband signals. The analysis considered the VLF signal transmitted from the US Cutler/Marine (NAA) station that was received at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (EACF, 62.1° S, 58.4° W), which is a great circle path crossing longitudinally the Drake Passage. The wave periods of the GWs detected in the low ionosphere are obtained using the wavelet analysis applied to the VLF amplitude. The use of the VLF technique was validated comparing the wave period and duration properties of one GW event observed simultaneously with a co-located airglow all-sky imager both operating at EACF. The statistical analysis of the wave periods detected using VLF technique for 2007 showed that the GW events occur almost all nights, with a higher frequency per month from March to October. The predominant wave periods are more frequent between 10 and 15 min occurring preferentially during the equinoxes, but there are some events with periods higher than 60 min appearing only in the solstices (January and July). These results show that VLF technique is a powerful tool to obtain the wave period and duration of GW events in the low ionosphere, with the advantage to be independent of sky conditions, and can be used during daytime and year-round.
Identifying areas prone to coastal hypoxia – the role of topography
Authors: Virtanen Elina A. , Norkko Alf , Nyström Sandman Antonia , Viitasalo Markku
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Hypoxia is an increasing problem in marine ecosystems
around the world. While major advances have been made in our understanding
of the drivers of hypoxia, challenges remain in describing oxygen dynamics
in coastal regions. The complexity of many coastal areas and lack of
detailed in situ data have hindered the development of models describing oxygen
dynamics at a sufficient spatial resolution for efficient management actions
to take place. It is well known that the enclosed nature of seafloors and
reduced water mixing facilitates hypoxia formation, but the degree to which
topography contributes to hypoxia formation and small-scale variability of
coastal hypoxia has not been previously quantified. We developed simple
proxies of seafloor heterogeneity and modeled oxygen deficiency in complex
coastal areas in the northern Baltic Sea. According to our models,
topographical parameters alone explained ∼80 % of hypoxia
occurrences. The models also revealed that less than 25 % of the studied
seascapes were prone to hypoxia during late summer (August–September).
However, large variation existed in the spatial and temporal patterns of
hypoxia, as certain areas were prone to occasional severe hypoxia (O2 < 2 mg L−1), while others were more susceptible to
recurrent moderate hypoxia (O2 < 4.6 mg L−1). Areas
identified as problematic in our study were characterized by low exposure to
wave forcing, high topographic shelter from surrounding areas and
isolation from the open sea, all contributing to longer water residence
times in seabed depressions. Deviations from this topographical
background are probably caused by strong currents or high nutrient
loading, thus improving or worsening oxygen status, respectively. In some
areas, connectivity with adjacent deeper basins may also influence coastal
oxygen dynamics. Developed models could boost the performance of
biogeochemical models, aid developing nutrient abatement measures and
pinpoint areas where management actions are most urgently needed.
Microbial Membrane Tetraether lipid-inferred paleohydrology and paleotemperature of Lake Chenghai during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Zhang Enlou , Chang Jie , Shulmeister James , Bird Michael I. , Zhao Cheng , Jiang Qingfeng , Shen Ji
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Over the past few decades, paleoenvironmental studies in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) region have mainly focused on precipitation change, with few published terrestrial temperature records from the region. We analyzed the distribution of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) in the sediments of Lake Chenghai in southwest China across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, to extract both regional hydrological and temperature signals for this important transition period. Lake-level was reconstructed from the relative abundance of crenarchaeol in isoGDGTs (%cren) and the crenarchaeol'/crenarchaeol ratio. The %cren-inferred lake-level identified a single lowstand (15.4–14.4 cal ka BP), while the crenarchaeol'/crenarchaeol ratio suggests relatively lower lake-level between 15.4–14.4 cal ka BP and 12.5–11.7 cal ka BP, corresponding to periods of weakened ISM during the Heinrich 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) cold event. A filtered TetraEther indeX consisting of 86 carbon atoms (TEX86 index) revealed that lake surface temperature reached present-day values during the YD cold event, and suggests a substantial warming of ~ 4 °C from the early Holocene to the mid-Holocene. Our paleotemperature record is generally consistent with other records in southwest China, suggesting that the distribution of isoGDGTs in Lake Chenghai sediments has potential for quantitative paleotemperature reconstruction.
On the discretization of the ice thickness distribution in the NEMO3.6-LIM3 global ocean–sea ice model
Authors: Massonnet François , Barthélemy Antoine , Worou Koffi , Fichefet Thierry , Vancoppenolle Martin , Rousset Clément , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The ice thickness distribution (ITD) is one of the core constituents of modern sea ice models. The ITD accounts for the unresolved spatial variability of sea ice thickness within each model grid cell. While there is a general consensus on the added physical realism brought by the ITD, how to discretize it remains an open question. Here, we use the ocean–sea ice general circulation model, Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) version 3.6 and Louvain-la-Neuve sea Ice Model (LIM) version 3 (NEMO3.6-LIM3), forced by atmospheric reanalyses to test how the ITD discretization (number of ice thickness categories, positions of the category boundaries) impacts the simulated mean Arctic and Antarctic sea ice states. We find that winter ice volumes in both hemispheres increase with the number of categories and attribute that increase to a net enhancement of basal ice growth rates. The range of simulated mean winter volumes in the various experiments amounts to ∼30 % and ∼10 % of the reference values (run with five categories) in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. This suggests that the way the ITD is discretized has a significant influence on the model mean state, all other things being equal. We also find that the existence of a thick category with lower bounds at ∼4 and ∼2 m for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively, is a prerequisite for allowing the storage of deformed ice and therefore for fostering thermodynamic growth in thinner categories. Our analysis finally suggests that increasing the resolution of the ITD without changing the lower limit of the upper category results in small but not negligible variations of ice volume and extent. Our study proposes for the first time a bi-polar process-based explanation of the origin of mean sea ice state changes when the ITD discretization is modified. The sensitivity experiments conducted in this study, based on one model, emphasize that the choice of category positions, especially of thickest categories, has a primary influence on the simulated mean sea ice states while the number of categories and resolution have only a secondary influence. It is also found that the current default discretization of the NEMO3.6-LIM3 model is sufficient for large-scale present-day climate applications. In all cases, the role of the ITD discretization on the simulated mean sea ice state has to be appreciated relative to other influences (parameter uncertainty, forcing uncertainty, internal climate variability).
Sensitivity of Hydrologic and Geologic Parameters on Recharge Processes in a Highly-Heterogeneous, Semi-Confined Aquifer System
Authors: Maples Stephen R. , Foglia Laura , Fogg Graham E. , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Increasing reliance on groundwater resources has been observed worldwide during the past 50–70 years and has led to unsustainable groundwater abstraction in many regions, especially in semi-arid and arid alluvial groundwater basins. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has been promoted to replenish overdrafted groundwater basins and augment surface water supply. However, MAR feasibility in alluvial groundwater basins is complicated by complex geologic architecture that typically includes laterally-continuous, fine-texture confining units that can impede both recharge rates and regional propagation of increases in hydraulic head. Greater feasibility of MAR hinges on identifying locations where rapid, high-volume recharge that provides regional increases in pressure head are possible, but relatively little research has evaluated the factors that control MAR feasibility in alluvial groundwater basins. Here, we combine a transition probability Markov-chain geostatistical model of the subsurface geologic heterogeneity of the east side of the northern Central Valley, California, with the 3D, variably-saturated water flow code, ParFlow, to explore the variability of MAR feasibility in this region. We use a combination of computationally-efficient local and global sensitivity analyses to evaluate the relative importance of factors that contribute to MAR feasibility. A novel proxy parameter approach was used to describe the configuration and proportions of subsurface hydrofacies and water table depth for sensitivity analyses, and results suggest that recharge potential is relatively more sensitive to the variability of this proxy parameter than to the variablity of individual hydrofacies hydraulic properties. Results demonstrate that large variability of MAR feasibility is typical for alluvial aquifer systems and that outsize recharge rates are possible in select locations where interconnected, coarse-texture hydrofacies occur.
Design and implementation of a mobile device APP for network-based EEW systems: application to PRESTo EEWS in Southern Italy
Authors: Colombelli Simona , Carotenuto Francesco , Elia Luca , Zollo Aldo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A fundamental feature of any Earthquake Early Warning System is the ability of rapidly broadcast earthquake information to a wide audience of potential end users and stakeholders, in an intuitive, customizable way. Smartphones and other mobile devices are nowadays continuously connected to the internet and represent the ideal tools for earthquake alerts dissemination, to inform a large number of users about the potential damaging shaking of an impending earthquake. Here we present a mobile App (named ISNet EWApp) for Android devices which can receive the alerts generated by a network-based Early Warning system. Specifically, the app receives the earthquake alerts generated by the PRESTo EWS, which is currently running on the accelerometric stations of the Irpinia Seismic Network (ISNet) in Southern Italy. In the absence of alerts, the EWApp displays the standard bulletin of seismic events occurred within the network. In the event of a relevant earthquake, instead, the app has a dedicated module to predict the expected ground shaking intensity and the available lead-time at the user position and to provide customized messages to inform the user about the proper reaction during the alert. We first present the architecture of both network-based system and EWApp, and then and describe its essential operational modes. The app is designed in a way that is easily exportable to any other network-based early warning system.
Mahalanobis distance-based recognition of changes in the dynamics of a seismic process
Authors: Matcharashvili Teimuraz , Czechowski Zbigniew , Zhukova Natalia
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the present work, we aim to analyse the regularity of
a seismic process based on its spatial, temporal, and energetic
characteristics. Increments of cumulative times, increments of cumulative
distances, and increments of cumulative seismic energies are calculated from
an earthquake catalogue for southern California from 1975 to 2017. As the method of analysis, we use the multivariate Mahalanobis distance
calculation, combined with a surrogate data testing procedure that is often
used for the testing of non-linear structures in complex data sets. Before
analysing the dynamical features of the seismic process, we tested the used
approach for two different 3-D models in which the dynamical features were
changed from more regular to more randomised conditions by adding a certain
degree of noise. An analysis of the variability in the extent of regularity of the seismic
process was carried out for different completeness magnitude thresholds. The results of our analysis show that in about a third of all the 50-data
windows the original seismic process was indistinguishable from a random
process based on its features of temporal, spatial, and energetic
variability. It was shown that prior to the occurrence of strong earthquakes,
mostly in periods of generation of relatively small earthquakes, the
percentage of windows in which the seismic process is indistinguishable from
a random process increases (to 60 %–80 %). During periods of aftershock
activity, the process of small earthquake generation became regular in all
of the windows considered, and thus was markedly different from the
randomised catalogues. In some periods within the catalogue, the seismic process appeared to be
closer to randomness, while in other cases it became closer to a regular behaviour. More specifically, in periods of relatively
decreased earthquake generation activity (with low energy release), the
seismic process appears to be random, while during periods of occurrence of
strong events, followed by series of aftershocks, significant deviation from
randomness is shown, i.e. the extent of regularity markedly increases. The
period for which such deviation from random behaviour lasts depends on the
amount of seismic energy released by the strong earthquake.
The impact of a new high-resolution ocean model on the Met Office North-West European Shelf forecasting system
Authors: Tonani Marina , Sykes Peter , King Robert R. , McConnell Niall , Péquignet Anne-Christine , O'Dea Enda , Graham Jennifer A. , Polton Jeff , Siddorn John
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The North-West European Shelf ocean forecasting system has been providing
oceanographic products for the European continental shelf seas for more than 15 years. In that time, several different configurations have been
implemented, updating the model and the data assimilation components. The latest configuration to be put in operation, an eddy-resolving model at 1.5 km (AMM15), replaces the 7 km model (AMM7) that has been used for 8 years to deliver forecast products to the Copernicus Marine Environment
Monitoring Service and its precursor projects. This has improved the ability to resolve the mesoscale variability in this area. An overview of this new system and its initial validation is provided in this paper, highlighting the differences with the previous version. Validation of the model with data assimilation is based on the results of 2 years (2016–2017) of trial experiments run with the low- and
high-resolution systems in their operational configuration. The 1.5 km
system has been validated against observations and the low-resolution
system, trying to understand the impact of the high resolution on the
quality of the products delivered to the users. Although the number of
observations is a limiting factor, especially for the assessment of model
variables like currents and salinity, the new system has been proven to be
an improvement in resolving fine-scale structures and variability and
provides more accurate information on the major physical variables, like
temperature, salinity, and horizontal currents. AMM15 improvements are
evident from the validation against high-resolution observations, available
in some selected areas of the model domain. However, validation at the basin scale and using daily means penalized the high-resolution system and does not reflect its superior performance. This increment in resolution also improves the capabilities to provide marine information closer to the coast even if the coastal processes are not fully resolved by the model.
Visual analytics of aftershock point cloud data in complex fault systems
Authors: Wang Chisheng , Ke Junzhuo , Jiang Jincheng , Lu Min , Xiu Wenqun , Liu Peng , Li Qingquan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Aftershock point cloud data provide direct evidence for
the characteristics of underground faults. However, there has been a dearth
of studies using state-of-the-art visual analytics methods to explore the
data. In this paper, we present a novel interactive visual analysis approach
for visualizing the aftershock point cloud. Our method employs a variety of
interactive operations, rapid visual computing functions, flexible display
modes, and various filtering approaches to present and explore the desired
information for the fault geometry and aftershock dynamics. The case study
conducted for the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence shows that the
proposed approach can facilitate the discovery of the geometry of the four
main fault segments and three secondary fault segments. It can also clearly
reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the aftershocks, helping to find the
fluid-driven mechanism of this sequence. An open-source prototype system
based on the approach is also developed and is freely available.
Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations
Authors: Orsolini Yvan , Wegmann Martin , Dutra Emanuel , Liu Boqi , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Yang Kun , de Rosnay Patricia , Zhu Congwen , Wang Wenli , Senan Retish , Arduini Gabriele
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, often referred to as the Third
Pole, is the world's highest plateau and exerts a considerable influence on
regional and global climate. The state of the snowpack over the TP is a
major research focus due to its great impact on the headwaters of a dozen
major Asian rivers. While many studies have attempted to validate
atmospheric reanalyses over the TP area in terms of temperature or
precipitation, there have been – remarkably – no studies aimed at
systematically comparing the snow depth or snow cover in global reanalyses
with satellite and in situ data. Yet, snow in reanalyses provides critical
surface information for forecast systems from the medium to sub-seasonal
timescales. Here, snow depth and snow cover from four recent global reanalysis products, namely the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses, the
Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis
for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), are
inter-compared over the TP region. The reanalyses are evaluated
against a set of 33 in situ station observations, as well as against the
Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover and
a satellite microwave snow depth dataset. The high temporal correlation
coefficient (0.78) between the IMS snow cover and the in situ observations
provides confidence in the station data despite the relative paucity of
in situ measurement sites and the harsh operating conditions. While several reanalyses show a systematic overestimation of the snow
depth or snow cover, the reanalyses that assimilate local in situ
observations or IMS snow cover are better capable of representing the
shallow, transient snowpack over the TP region. The latter point is clearly
demonstrated by examining the family of reanalyses from the ECMWF, of which
only the older ERA-Interim assimilated IMS snow cover at high altitudes,
while ERA5 did not consider IMS snow cover for high altitudes. We further
tested the sensitivity of the ERA5-Land model in offline experiments,
assessing the impact of blown snow sublimation, snow cover to snow depth
conversion and, more importantly, excessive snowfall. These results suggest
that excessive snowfall might be the primary factor for the large
overestimation of snow depth and cover in ERA5 reanalysis. Pending a
solution for this common model precipitation bias over the Himalayas and the TP,
future snow reanalyses that optimally combine the use of satellite snow
cover and in situ snow depth observations in the assimilation and analysis
cycles have the potential to improve medium-range to sub-seasonal forecasts
for water resources applications.
The characteristics and structure of extra-tropical cyclones in a
warmer climate
Authors: Sinclair Victoria A. , Rantanen Mika , Haapanala Päivi , Räisänen Jouni , Järvinen Heikki
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Little is known about how the structure of extra-tropical cyclones will change in the future. In this study aquaplanet simulations are performed with a full complexity atmospheric model. These experiments can be considered as an intermediate step towards increasing knowledge of how, and why, extra-tropical cyclones respond to warming. A control simulation and a warm simulation in which the sea surface temperatures are increased uniformly by 4 K are run for 11 years. Extra-tropical cyclones are tracked, cyclone composites created, and the omega equation applied to assess causes of changes in vertical motion. Warming leads to a 3.3 % decrease in the number of extra-tropical cyclones, no change to the median intensity nor life time of extra-tropical cyclones, but to a broadening of the intensity distribution resulting in both more stronger and more weaker storms. Composites of the strongest extra-tropical cyclones show that total column water vapour increases everywhere relative to the cyclone centre and that precipitation increases by up to 50 % with the 4 K warming. The spatial structure of the composite cyclone changes with warming: the 900–700-hPa layer averaged potential vorticity, 700-hPa ascent and precipitation maximums associated with the warm front all move polewards and downstream and the area of ascent expands in the downstream direction. Increases in ascent forced by diabatic heating and thermal advection are responsible for the displacement whereas increases in ascent due to vorticity advection lead to the downstream expansion. Finally, maximum values of ascent due to vorticity advection and thermal advection weaken slightly with warming whereas those attributed to diabatic heating increase. Thus, cyclones in warmer climates are more diabatically driven.
Investigating the Impact of Mnemonic-based Instruction on Saudi University Students’ Attitudes Towards Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Othman Waleed , Mohammed Osama , Kazeem Kayode Bakare
Published: August 2019

Vocabulary learning plays an essential role in foreign language learning. It is also central to language teaching and is of paramount importance to a language learner. Mnemonic is a technique that is used to instruct vocabulary and it helps learners remember better. The association of images and sounds with mnemonics can make it more powerful and effective to help language learners remember better and for a longer time, this can be achieved through applying a method called the keyword method. This study was designed to investigate university Saudi students’ attitudes towards the mnemonic keyword method. By employing a survey research design to discover the attitudes of the students enrolled in the preparatory year program at Taibah University. A questionnaire about ‘Students’ Attitudes towards Keyword Method (SAKM) having four Likert scales was used as an instrument for data collection from a sample of 40 students. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation.) and independent-sample t-test were exploited to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that Saudi students have positive attitudes towards the mnemonic keyword method that was used to instruct vocabulary.
Library Association (UK): Professionalization and Redefinition in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Woolwine David
Published: August 2019

This article employs Andrew Abbott's ecological theory of professionalization advanced in The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. It explores the case of the Library Association (UK), which moved in the 1960s and 1970s toward a fully university-based training and certification system and explores how the LA redefined itself, establishing partial control over some areas claimed by the emerging profession of information science.
What usage can tell us about grammar: Embedded verb second in Scandinavian
Authors: Caplan Spencer , Djärv Kajsa
Published: August 2019

This paper uses large-scale data extracted from a series of Swedish corpora to investigate the factors responsible for conditioning the choice of (optional) embedded V2 in Swedish. Embedded V2 has been argued to represent a more general kind of syntactic optionality found across languages: syntactic structures typically found in matrix clauses, but which are also available in certain types of embedded environments (so called Main Clause Phenomena). While the received view, going back to Hooper & Thompson (1973), is that the availability of main clause syntax has a semantic-pragmatic correlate in the presence of Illocutionary Force, pinpointing exactly what this amounts to has remained an open problem. Through statistical analysis of the Swedish corpus data, combined with results from a semantic-inference task, we are able to falsify certain previous (theoretical and empirical) claims about the distribution and interpretation of embedded V2. We additionally evaluate, and find no evidence to support, a processing or usage-based view of optionality in embedded V2. We argue instead that the interpretive notion driving the distribution of embedded V2 is discourse novelty; whether the embedded proposition is treated as discourse-old or new information. We argue that embedded V2 is licensed in contexts where p is discourse novel. While this is fundamentally a pragmatic notion, it is nevertheless tightly constrained by both lexical-semantic properties of the matrix predicate and other aspects of the grammatical context. An important methodological consequence of this work is that by looking at particular interactions of lexical and grammatical contexts, statistical analysis of usage data can be used to test specific predictions made by syntactic and semantic theory.
Seismic performance criteria based on response history analysis
Authors: Bradley Brendon A.
Published: August 2019

This paper provides a comparison of four different seismic performance metrics which relate to the determination of design seismic demands from seismic response history analyses. The considered metrics include those implemented in New Zealand and international codes of practice, as well as emerging metrics which are well established in related research and state-of-the-art practice, but have yet to find their way into conventional guidelines. The metrics are directly compared and contrasted based on a central example. It is illustrated that the use of the “maximum demand” metric in the NZ loadings standard, and the “mean demand” in international codes of practice are notably conservative and unconservative, respectively. Either of the two emerging metrics provide a significant improvement, and given that they require the same information from an analyst’s perspective, are recommended as replacements.
Is Chinese English Majors’ Tendency to Use Modal Sequences Better with the Passing of Their College Campus Time？
Authors: Liu Jinjuan , Long Shaoyun
Published: August 2019

Based on the result of the trends of modal sequences in Chinese English majors’ argumentation, this research focuses on the relationship between English majors’ tendency to use modal sequences and their college campus time. The paper reveals that the tendency to use modal verbs is not related to their college campus time, and that epistemic and deontic modality to uses are not related to their college campus time, either. This study offers reference to the understanding of how Chinese students acquire modal verbs and gives suggestions for modal verb teaching which are the following: (1) We should bear in mind when compiling textbooks that more exposure to epistemic modal verbs with euphemism modality for students is needed in early senior high textbooks; (2) Native speakers’ tendency to use modal verbs should be explicitly clarified in class; (3) native speakers tend to use should be consciously presented both in and after class; (4) The proper pragmatic meaning of modal verbs, the basic value view and social philosophy of Anglo-American Culture involved as well as the differences in cultural tradition and value between East and West should be underlined in English modal verbs teaching.
A Path Analysis of Learning-Motivation-Behavior Affecting Factors Among Higher Vocational College Students
Authors: Xiao Mengxuan , Long Shaoyun
Published: August 2019

This paper made an investigation into the motivation-behaviors affecting factors of the carefully-selected 20 willing learners, 20 unwilling learners among 597 students from foreign languages department in two higher vocational colleges. An analysis has been made in the learning-motivation-behavior affecting factors route paths of students in higher vocational colleges. We found that there are universality and individuality in factors that predict the motivation behavior of three categories of students. Predictive factors of motivational behavior include motivation levels and learning strategies. The regression effects of learning strategies on motivational behavior are the greatest in the three categories of path analysis. It shows that learning strategies determine the performance of their motivational behavior, at the same time, it shows individual variance.
Economische ongelijkheid: een verkenning vanuit de grondslagen van het arbeidsrecht
Authors: Zekić N.
Published: August 2019

Economische ongelijkheid: een verkenning vanuit de grondslagen van het arbeidsrecht

De groei van de inkomens- en welvaartsongelijkheid – samen ook wel als economische ongelijkheid aangeduid – wordt gezien als een van de grootste hedendaagse maatschappelijke problemen. Redistributie (herverdeling) van middelen, macht en risico’s kan de groei van economische ongelijkheid tegengaan. Dit artikel verkent de relatie tussen het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht en redistributie. Dit gebeurt door aan te haken bij de (internationale) discussie over de grondslagen van het arbeidsrecht. Op drie onderdelen van het arbeidsrecht wordt in dit kader dieper ingegaan: (1) collectieve arbeidsvoorwaardenvorming, (2) gelijke behandeling en (3) de regulering van atypische of flexibele arbeid. De auteur betoogt dat redistributie als een van de doelen van het arbeidsrecht gezien kan worden. Redistributie is sterk verbonden met ongelijkheidscompensatie, toch kan het onder omstandigheden nuttig zijn om de focus specifieker op redistributie te leggen.
Het beslechten van dekkingsgeschillen
Authors: Snel M.V.R.
Published: August 2019

Het beslechten van dekkingsgeschillen. Een uiteenzetting naar aanleiding van Geschillencommissie Verzekeringen Curaçao 6 november 2015, nr. 2015-001

Naar aanleiding van de uitspraak van de Geschillencommissie Verzekeringen Curaçao van 6 november 2015 verkent dit artikel de stand van zaken met betrekking tot de wijze(n) waarop een dekkingsgeschil tussen verzekeraar en verzekerde (kan) worden beslecht. Aangetoond wordt dat dit met name een kwestie van uitleg van de verzekeringsovereenkomst is, maar dat ook de redelijkheid en billijkheid een – afzonderlijke – rol kan spelen. Voor de toepassing van beide leerstukken is van belang eerst vast te stellen onder welke omstandigheden de verzekeringsovereenkomst tot stand is gekomen en wat de aard van de polisvoorwaarde(n) die in geding zijn is.
Over aangebracht vermogen en de balans tussen de belangen van de schuldeisers en de andere echtgenoot in het huwelijksvermogensrecht
Authors: Schols F.W.J.M.
Published: August 2019

Over aangebracht vermogen en de balans tussen de belangen van de schuldeisers en de andere echtgenoot in het huwelijksvermogensrecht

In Nederland is per 1 januari 2018 het huwelijksvermogensrechtelijke basisstelsel gewijzigd. De gemeenschap van goederen is in omvang beperkt en de verhaalspositie van schuldeisers is minder riant. Is het volgens het Caribische notariaat gewenst de omvang van de gemeenschap eveneens nader te beperken en geeft de huwelijkse voorwaardenpraktijk hiervoor aanknopingspunten? En is er draagvlak onder het notariaat om de positie van schuldeisers huwelijksvermogensrechtelijk in te perken? Met een onderzoek onder de Caribische (kandidaat-)notarissen wordt antwoord gegeven op deze vragen.
Benchmarkmanipulatie: het causaal verband tussen een geschonden gedragsnorm uit de BMR en manipulatieschade
Authors: Campuzano N.A.
Published: August 2019

Benchmarkmanipulatie: het causaal verband tussen een geschonden gedragsnorm uit de BMR en manipulatieschade

De Benchmark Verordening (BMR) dient als preventief regelgevend kader ter voorkoming van de manipulatie van benchmarks. In deze bijdrage staat de aansprakelijkheid wegens schending van een gedragsnorm uit de BMR centraal. Meer specifiek spitst deze bijdrage zich toe op het aantonen van causaal verband tussen de schending van een gedragsnorm uit de BMR en schade door benchmarkmanipulatie.
Een tegenbod als beschermingsconstructie: wie is nu de jager?
Authors: Alhashime J.
Published: August 2019

Een tegenbod als beschermingsconstructie: wie is nu de jager?

In het artikel wordt ingegaan op de toepasbaarheid van een beschermingsmaatregel uit de Amerikaanse praktijk die in Nederland nog niet is ingezet: de Pacmanstrategie. Bij deze beschermingsmaatregel brengt een vennootschap een (tegen)bod uit op de aandelen van de vijandige bieder met als doel het vijandige bod te frustreren.
Civiele aansprakelijkheid voor de ‘economisch opvolger’ van een overtreder van het mededingingsrecht
Authors: de Jong N.R.
Published: August 2019

Civiele aansprakelijkheid voor de ‘economisch opvolger’ van een overtreder van het mededingingsrecht. Noot bij het arrest HvJ EU 14 maart 2019 in zaak C-724/17 (Skanska Industrial Solutions Oy)

Deze bijdrage bespreekt het Skanska-arrest, waarin het Hof van Justitie heeft geoordeeld dat de economisch opvolger van een rechtspersoon die het mededingingsrecht heeft overtreden voor de daardoor veroorzaakte schade aansprakelijk is. Hiermee wordt een uitzondering gemaakt op het beginsel van zelfstandige rechtspersoonlijkheid en mogelijk de deur opengezet naar concernaansprakelijkheid.
Atmospheric particulate matter in Tarnów City (Southern Poland)- short time investigation of a space-time variability in the winter of 2019
Authors: Chyc Marek , Klich Mariusz , Klich Sabina , Żelazo Patrycja , Ciężadło Agnieszka , Żelaźnik Paweł , Partyński Paweł
Published: August 2019

Tarnów is a city where air pollution is a major problem during the wintertime. An acceptable level of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are exceeded very often. The main reason of this situation is individual housing and their heat system based on ineffective old units based on hard coal and sometimes even people use waste as a fuel. The city has two air quality monitoring stations and a private network for measurements of particulate matter. However, there is still a lack of information on air quality in some areas of the city. For obtaining full information on the air quality in Tarnów, readings from the monitoring station and field measurements were carried out. The obtained information allowed to determine which areas of the city are most exposed to the occurrence of smog in the heating season. So far, air quality measurements in Tarnów have not been conducted at the same time for so many collections.The most polluted air occurs in Krzyż District but air quality should be improved in all city. The best air quality has been observed for locations where heat is available from municipal heating plant e.g. Słoneczna Str. Presented research work shows that air quality in Tarnów City is very unhealthy because of particulate matter pollution. In the winter time the main problem is too high concentration of PM2.5, but also PM10 concentration. Those parameters are very frequently exceeded. The worst air quality occurs in the evenings (8 p.m.), but in the mornings (8 a. m.) air quality is highly polluted too. When air quality in Tarnów City is bad situation concerns all localisations. The similar situation is observed when air quality is good or acceptable. The main conclusion is that for locations where heat is available from heat plant is not generated individually by domestic sources, the situation is the most comfortable. Our investigation covered short period, but it is preliminary study and this important issue will be continued in the future.
DETERMINATION of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the Stokes viscometer - construction of a measuring set in the Physical Laboratory of the State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów
Authors: Wietecha Tomasz , Kurzydło Piotr M.
Published: August 2019

A Stokes viscometer made and launched by the authors in the Physical Laboratory of the State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów was presented. The construction of the viscometer is discussed and the theoretical description of the physical phenomena occurring there is given. The results of measurements on the device, statistical analysis of the measurement uncertainties and confrontation with the literature value are presented - the obtained results correspond very well to the literature values. A possible further development in the accuracy of theoretical description and experimental measurements related to the ellipsoid analysis of the shape of water droplets was suggested. The didactic aspects of the new experiment in the context of the understanding of molecular physics, especially by students of material engineering, were discussed.
Belki ze szkła?
Authors: Matras Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the characteristics of
steel-glass construction elements.
Characteristics of glass used in these
elements are given. Behaviour of them is
presented, as well as a design approach, in
compare to results with similar pure steel
elements.
Dolphin therapy as a dolphin-assisted therapy on the example of the "Oskar" dolphinarium in Truskawiec
Authors: Lukasek Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

The article is dedicated to one of the methods of animal-assisted therapy, which is dolphin therapy based on observation of individual sessions with patients during a stay at the “Oskar” dolphinarium in Truskawiec in Ukraine. The author characterizes the method of therapy with dolphins. In addition, describes the role and features of a dolphin, draws attention to the indications and contraindications to therapy with a dolphin. Presents the results of the dolphin therapy studies conducted so far. Discusses the stages of dolphin therapy, its role and effects in selected specific patient diseases.
Support for an adoptive family with a disabled child ─ examples of foreign solutions
Authors: Zamkowska Anna
Published: August 2019

The aim of the paper is to present comprehensive and innovative solutions used in the UK and the Flemish part of Belgium in the support of families adopting a child with disabilities. The material was collected on the basis of in-depth interviews conducted with Dr Lucille Allain from Middlesex University (UK) and Dr Prakash Goossens from Fracarita International, study visits, as well as analysis of documents available in the informational materials of ministries and non-governmental organizations. The tendencies present in the practice of both countries and selected forms of support, such as adoption leave with remuneration, financial assistance, accommodation adjustment, provision of care and therapy and help in becoming independent provided directly to people with disabilities were described. The analysis of the examples of both countries shows that families who have adopted disabled children can benefit from the privileges and allowances available for families with a disabled child (e.g. allowance for disabled persons, care allowance) and additional benefits resulting from the adoption of a child (e.g. adoption leave, Adoption Support Fund). In both countries, comprehensive and personalized solutions are implemented, including health, care, educational and therapeutic services, planned based on a multidisciplinary diagnosis. In addition, non-governmental and private organizations, apart from the state institutions, are systemically included in implementation of these solutions. In both countries, a number of practical solutions (e.g. personal budget) have been adopted to empower people with disabilities and their independent living in the local environment, ensuring, if needed, provision of the individualized support.
Expectations of teachers towards parents and mutual cooperation
Authors: Kupiec Monika
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of research, the aim of which was to find ways in which teachers in 4th-grade understand cooperation with parents. From the constructivist perspective, it became important to reveal what kind of model of cooperation dominates in teacher's statements, which constitutes a modus operandi of teaching practice in relationship with parents. Teacher's expectations regarding cooperation with the student’s parents outline a clear framework of mutual relationship within the school, reveal the actual teacher’s contribution to the relationship and the level of his/her professionalism. This article reveals that the model of cooperation with parents adopted by teachers is instrumental. Teacher's expectations towards parents show the image of cooperation based on principles imposed on parents, assuming their effort in undertaking work for which they are not professionally prepared. In this model, the teacher, convinced of the deterministic power of family capital, relinquishes the postulated easement towards the family, condemns the failure of his own actions towards the child, family, does not change their ways, and even remains passive. The model of cooperation with parents adopted by the respondents is a perfect tool for the constantly reproducing social system, which does not meet the needs, possibilities and expectations of the modern family, fulfilling its still-imposed role in it.
School absence in Poland ─ as a social and educational challenge
Authors: Sander Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

School absence is a problem with the consequences of which both pupils and their parents or legal guardians are confronted. It is also a challenge for the Polish educational system and, as a consequence of school failures, for the institutions of Polish social policy. The article consists of five points. It presents the understanding of the school absence concept as superior to various forms of student absence during classes and other obligatory activities proposed by the school. Attention is paid to the specific form of absence, which is the student's absence during physical education classes. The article presents selected legal acts that regulate the performance of the school obligation by parents or legal guardians and the procedure in the event of student absence at school. Attention is paid to the fact that school absence can be a serious threat to equal opportunities for children and youth.
The socially maladjusted girls’ subjective experience of change in process of their resocialization
Authors: Siemionow Justyna
Published: August 2019

The main goal of the qualitative research presented in this article is to verify whether and how the juveniles of a resocialization institution for minors identify a change in their behavior during their stay in the youth center. The research was conducted in the institution which based its model of educational work on the assumptions of the concept of creative resocialization – creating pedagogy. The article contains not only theoretical references to the concept of creative resocialization but to cognitive theory as well. The study covered ten girls, selected on purpose, with whom individual, one-hour interviews were conducted. Analysis of the collected material allows to state that minors recognize a change in their behavior, in a narrower sense, regarding specific skills related to daily tasks and activities, and in a broader sense – related to creating plans, indicating goals to be achieved, and above all greater self-awareness and necessity to work on themselves. The key factor in identifying this change is the interpersonal relations of the pupil – educator-teacher, who systematically, in various ways, provides minors with feedback, which is a very important element in developing personality – including identity and self-assessment.
Pengelolaan Risiko Proyek Gedung Bertingkat Pada PT. XYZ Di Jakarta terhadap Kinerja Waktu
Authors: Sebayang Enma Mediawati , Rahardjo Hary Agus , Dinariana Dwi
Published: August 2019

AbstrakKeberhasilan suatu proyek konstruksi ditentukan dari kesesuaian biaya, mutu, dan waktu yang telah ditetapkan dalam dokumen kontrak. Dengan beragamnya komponen yang terlibat pada suatu proyek pembangunan gedung bertingkat, maka kemungkinan terjadi risiko keterlambatan sangat besar. Banyak pihak akan dirugikan jika terjadi keterlambatan penyelesaian proyek antara lain  pemilik proyek (owner) , kontraktor, dan pengguna. Oleh karena itu pengelolaan risiko keterlambatan proyek gedung bertingkat sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan risiko dominan yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya keterlambatan proyek  pada PT XYZ di Jakarta terhadap kinerja waktu. Hal tersebut dimulai dengan identifikasi risiko melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada orang yang bekerja  pada PT XYZ  selaku kontraktor utama untuk memperoleh  variabel risiko terhadap kinerja waktu. Data tersebut diolah dengan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk mencari bobot setiap variabel risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel risiko dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja waktu adalah Variabel X4 : Pembayaran terlambat oleh owner; dengan kategori tinggi yaitu 0,7. Selanjutnya dilakukan Mitigasi Risiko untuk Variabel Risiko Dominan dengan Delphi Technique.AbstractThe success of a construction project is determined by the cost, quality, and time specified in the contract document. There are many components involved in a high-rise building project; thus, the risk of delay is very large. Many parties will be affected if there is any delay in the completion of the project; including the project owner, contractor, and user. Therefore, the risk management of delays in high-rise building projects is very important. This study aims to determine the dominant risk that causes project delay at PT XYZ in Jakarta in terms of time performance. The study starts with risk identification based on questionnaire results from people who work at PT XYZ as the main contractor in order to gain risk variables for time performance. The data is then analyzed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to find the weight proportion of each risk variable. The results show that the dominant risk variable that influenced time performance is Variable X4: Late payment by the owner; with a high category at 0.7. Furthermore, Risk Mitigation for Dominant Risk Variables is calculated using Delphi Technique.