bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Reserva Federal, política monetaria y 1ª crisis de titulización: América Latina y México, 1994-1995
Authors: Correa Eugenia , Girón Alicia
Published: January 2019

Resumen

Las decisiones de la Reserva Federal (Fed) de Estados Unidos (US) a partir de las determinación de la tasa de interés y de su política monetaria han influido de forma muy significativa sobre el curso de los flujos de capital hacia América Latina (AL) y México. Es historia pasada y presente. La relación de causalidad existente entre la política monetaria de la Fed y los mercados emergentes es muy estrecha, una muestra de ello, es la 1ª crisis de titulización a nivel mundial originada en México en 1994. La política monetaria de la Fed apoyó la expansión de los bancos de inversión y de los inversionistas institucionales, creando una enorme burbuja de colocaciones en mercados locales, con expectativas de rentabilidad de corto plazo en dólares, ocasionó sucesivas crisis de gran magnitud en el decenio de los años noventa cuando estos flujos se revertían.

A principios de los noventa, las principales economías de AL transitaron de una situación de transferencias netas negativas por 221 mil millones de dólares (mmdd) acumuladas en el lapso 1982-1990 a transferencias netas positivas entre 1991-1998. Ello obedeció en parte, al descenso de los compromisos de la deuda externa pública de la región, pero también al nuevo dinamismo de la titulización de los flujos de capital. Este trabajo analiza los factores determinantes del cambio de sentido de los flujos internacionales de capital hacia AL. Más que nuevos créditos de la banca comercial, se trató de la titulación iniciada a partir de la segunda mitad de los años ochenta  y cobró dinamismo desde 1991, inmediatamente después de las renegociaciones de la deuda externa en el marco del Plan Brady. Posteriormente, se presenta la primera crisis de titulización en México y en el resto de AL. Específicamente en México, los bancos de inversión e inversionistas institucionales participaron del nuevo auge de los mercados financieros internacionales mediante la colocación de títulos en el sector público y privado entre 1990-1994. El cambio en la política monetaria de la Fed condujó a su masiva recoloca-ción en otros mercados, y a la más devastadora crisis bancaria y económica de su historia.
Fundamentos macroeconómicos y la Gran Moderación en América Latina
Authors: Jesús Ferreiro Carlos A. Carrasco
Published: January 2019

El artículo analiza el comportamiento macroeconómico en países latinoamericanos en el estudio de 14 variables macroeconómicas de 17 países durante el periodo 1970-2010. Se muestra una acentuada convergencia en los resultados macroeconómicos, en especial a lo largo de la última década. Esta convergencia hace que no puede asociarse la reducción en los principales desequilibrios macroeconómicos a una determina estrategia de política económica. La reducción en las diferencias registradas entre el conjunto de economías estudiadas y entre los tres grupos de países en los que se ha dividido la muestra, implica que son factores comunes a todos ellos, en forma de shocks externos simétricos positivos o bien de estrategias similares de políticas fiscales y/o de reformas estructurales e institucionales de similar naturaleza, los principales determinantes de la referida convergencia macroeconómica.

 

 
Inversión brasileña en Argentina: Competencia y financiamiento en el sector del calzado
Authors: Filipetto Sonia Marina
Published: January 2019

Durante la última década, capitales brasileños ha desplegado una política de internacionalización a escala regional. La economía argentina, en el marco de un proceso de recuperación de su actividad económica, registra un importante avance de firmas de tal origen en múltiples sectores. Considerando que las inversiones brasileñas ocupan un importante espacio en la producción local de calzado deportivo, a partir del denominado “paradigma ecléctico” de Dunning, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de los motivos que impulsan a las firmas brasileñas a buscar su instalación en Argentina y las características que adoptó ese proceso. El análisis se llevo a cabo mediante información captada a través de entrevistas a seis empresas tomadas como casos de estudio.  Los resultados demuestran que las empresas brasileñas como inversores en Argentina no ingresan en un esquema de complementación regional, sino que responden a la lógica de obtención de cuotas de mercado. Su instalación no parece ser efímera sino que reviste características de permanencia y esta se encuentra en estrecha relación con las restricciones a las importaciones impuestas por Argentina.
Crisis financiera: Impacto y tratamiento en España, Alemania, Irlanda, Islandia y Estados Unidos
Authors: Irene Martín de Vidales Carrasco Antonio Calvo Bernardino
Published: January 2019

El objetivo prioritario de esta colaboración es ofrecer un análisis del impacto que ha tenido la crisis financiera que, desde finales de 2008, hace estragos en la economía real global, sobre los sistemas crediticios de España, Alemania, Irlanda, Islandia y Estados Unidos. Se analizara su estructura institucional y características relevantes, y se abordará la situación actual y evolución reciente de sus principales magnitudes económico-financieras, relativas a número de entidades, volumen de activos canalizados, depósitos gestionados, préstamos concedidos, rentabilidad, solvencia, eficiencia y, finalmente, diversos indicadores de servicio bancario.
Unión Europea: Deudas soberanas y financiarización
Authors: Reyes Andrea
Published: January 2019

Reseña al libro “Europa, deudas soberanas y financiarización", Alicia Girón y Marcia Solorza, IIEc-UNAM, México, D. F, 2012, ISBN 978-607 02-3977-9
Crisis griega, año 6: Una actualización
Authors: Varoufakis Yanis
Published: January 2019

La economía y sociedad griega han sido de las más castigadas durante la larga crisis iniciada en 2007. Los beneficiados han sido los más poderosos intereses financieros, fundamentalmente aquellos altamente concentrados e internacionales. Estos han sometido a las autoridades gubernamentales, y éstas han estado cooperado para impulsar una serie de políticas que, en lugar a aliviar la difícil situación, la han deteriorado aún más. En el 2014 puede que haya pocos aspectos positivos para ese país, pero el costo se incrementrá para la economía nacional, que seguirá recayendo sobre la inmensa mayoría de la población griega.

 
El sector financiero: diez años después del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del norte. ¿Qué ganamos y qué perdimos?
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: January 2019

Desde los años setenta se ha impuesto la desregulación del sector financiero como muestra del dominio de dicho sector económico cada vez más hegemónico. La flexibilización fue creando las condiciones de innovaciones financieras con fuerte tendencia al riesgo hasta la especulación, y dañinas para la economía real, además generando una acelerada concentración del ingreso y la riqueza. La liberalización se impuso al conjunto de la economía. En este contexto se debe situar el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América de Norte (TLCAN) y la reforma financiera que se emprendió en México, cuyos primeros resultado se analizan y donde se puede delinear la trayectoria que seguirá en los siguientes años hasta la época actual.
Replantear el discurso: De la restricción a la libre migración
Authors: Frankman Myron J.
Published: January 2019

Los efectos planetarios del cambio climático claman por un cambio en el discurso. La economía, con sus acostumbrados presupuestos simplificadores, tales como ceteris paribus y pari passu está mal preparada para entender los desafíos emergentes. Los movimientos de personas entre las fronteras es uno de esos desafíos en donde las nuevas ideas son esenciales. Este artículo reflexiona acerca de la conveniencia de abrir todas las fronteras a los flujos migratorios y extender los derechos a un piso de protección social y a un ingreso básico para todos. De no hacerlo, es probable que lleve a la humanidad a un sufrimiento de magnitud sin precedente. Diseñar y negociar estas iniciativas debe empezar ahora para impedir el desastre humanitario.
Un gobierno europeo contra la austeridad
Authors: Galbraith James K.
Published: January 2019

Análisis sobre la situación actual por la que atravieza Grecia.
La Industria privada trasnacional: Oferta de servicios, programas y políticas públicas a gobiernos
Authors: Vicher Diana
Published: January 2019

Esta colaboración procede a explorar cómo y en qué condiciones se han generado espacios para que ciertas empresas trasnacionales (corporaciones privadas), que ofrecen servicios profesionales, estén haciendo, de las “nuevas formas de gestionar” derivadas de la privatización y la nueva gerencia pública para el gobierno y la administración pública, una oportunidad de negocio relacionada a la asesoría, apoyo y colaboraciones para la prestación de servicios públicos, y hasta para formular programas y políticas públicas. Asimismo, se examina a las principales corporaciones inmersas en este mercado que oferta servicios profesionales, señalando cuáles son los servicios que ofrecen. Finalmente, se procede a la reflexión sobre las implicaciones de esta actividad en los cambios y ámbitos de actividad de los gobiernos.
El despertar del dragón: Tendencias globales en nanotecnología
Authors: Vidal Laura
Published: January 2019

La generación de nanociencia se presenta estable a lo largo de un período de tiempo, a diferencia de las patentes, cuya trayectoria en el tiempo parece ser aleatoria. El dominio de Estados Unidos, tanto en la generación de nanociencia como de patentes de nanotecnología, es evidente. A pesar de ello, por el lado de la esfera de publicaciones, China sobrepasa a Estados Unidos en cantidad de artículos publicados sobre nanociencia. Por otro lado, en el aspecto de las patentes, Japón y Corea del Sur parecen querer competir con Estados Unidos en materia de nanotecnología.

 

 
Implementación de estrategia multimodal en higiene de manos en un hospital pediátrico
Authors: Alvarado Fick Sylvina
Published: January 2019

Introducción. El Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés aplicó la estrategia multimodal para mejorar la adhesión a la higiene de manos propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El objetivo fue aplicar el Marco de Autoevaluación de la Higiene de Manos y evaluar el efecto sobre la adhesión a la higiene de manos y algunos indicadores de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud. Material y Método. Estudio observacional aplicado entre el año 2013 y 2015, se midió el cumplimiento de los estándares en higiene de manos según el “Marco de autoevaluación de la Higiene de Manos” de la OMS en el contexto del Premio Latinoamericano a la Excelencia e Innovación en la Higiene de Manos 2015-2016. Resultados. La autoevaluación inicial de higiene de manos fue de 38,8 puntos y al final de la evaluación aumento a 270 puntos (p<0,05). La adhesión a higiene de manos aumentó de 48% a 62% en relación a la oportunidad (p<0,05), la tasa de incidencia global de infecciones asociadas a la atención disminuyó de 1,9 a 1,7 por 100 egresos y la tasa de incidencia de gastroenteritis agudas intrahospitalarias disminuyeron de 3,24 a 2,13 por 1000 días lactante menor de 2 años (p<0,05). Conclusiones. La implementación de una intervención multimodal mejoró significativamente la adhesión al lavado de manos y se observó un resultado positivo en los indicadores de incidencia de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud.
Percepción de los profesores sobre la obesidad infantil
Authors: Jara Rojas Ana , Flores Martínez Bárbara , Muñoz Salinas Bárbara , Villegas González Bárbara
Published: January 2019

Introducción. La obesidad ha cobrado relevancia debido al incremento de sus cifras y por las consecuencias negativas para la salud de las personas, siendo más perjudicial cuando se instaura en edades tempranas. Su origen tienediversos factores: el aumento de la ingestión de calorías, la disminución del gasto energético y factores genéticos que se manifiestan bajo condiciones sociales y ambientales, en donde las conductas generadoras de obesidad sonadoptadas. Uno de ellos es el entorno escolar, y es aquí donde el profesor cobra relevancia, puesto que se transforma en un sujeto capaz de transmitir hábitos de vida saludable en el niño. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la percepción que tienen los profesores de establecimientos educacionales, acerca de la obesidad infantil presente en la comunidad escolar. Material y Método. Diseño cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico, bajo un paradigma interpretativo. La muestra de tipo no probabilística conformada por dos profesores jefe de curso y cuatros profesores de educación física. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas personalizadas semi-estructuradas. Resultados. De los datos obtenidos se desprenden tres categorías de análisis: actividad física, alimentación y familia. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que para los profesores la obesidad infantil es un problema que los acongoja, que se encuentra presente en la comunidad escolar producto de una falta de actividad física, malos hábitosalimenticios y deficiencia del rol activo de los padres como agentes promovedores de conductas saludables.
Salud y enfermería en Chile a 40 años de Alma Ata. Una mirada desde la salud pública
Authors: Guerra Zúñiga María Elízabeth , Letelier Valdivia Mitzi
Published: January 2019

Esta reflexión tiene como propósito analizar la profesión de enfermería en el desarrollo de sus actividades en la atención primaria de salud a 40 años de Alma Ata. El devenir de la enfermería profesional ha supuesto un desarrollodisciplinar y práctico como pilares de la profesión. Gran parte del rol enfermero cotidiano comprende la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades, actividades clave dentro de la atención primaria de la salud. En Chile, a 40 años de Alma Ata, la distribución de la fuerza laboral de enfermeras y enfermeros es inequitativa y, por tanto, aquellos lugares con menos profesionales de enfermería son espacios geográficos desatendidos y vulnerados en la posibilidad de cuidados de calidad-esto es, seguros, integrales y oportunos. Los grupos poblacionales más vulnerados socialmente tienen en ese espacio, a veces, la única fuente de oportunidades y acceso a prestaciones de salud. Los procesos de globalización, el cambio climático, desplazamientos humanos y la movilidad de pueblos han tensionado la convivencia entre personas con diferentes culturas. La atención profesional de enfermería debe estar actualizada a la epidemiología y a la determinación social de la enfermedad. Debe ser pertinente interculturalmente. No es posible conformarse con asegurar el acceso, además debe ocuparse del proceso de atención- cuestionarse bajo queparadigmas y creencias se valoran las decisiones en salud-enfermedad-atención de personas con cosmovisiones diferentes a las nuestras en nuestras intervenciones.
Mujer y sociedad: construyendo y reconstruyendo la imagen social de las académicas
Authors: Landman Navarro Cecilia
Published: January 2019

Imaginando los pasos realizados por Florence Nightingale para posicionar a la enfermería como una profesión moderna y proactiva e instalando los principios que guiarían la disciplina desde años tan remotos -siglo XIX- y en una sociedad tan restrictiva como fue la época victoriana. Su genuina rebelión se orientó no sólo contra los prejuicios de la época, sino que, contra el destino de las mujeres, sin posibilidades de educarse ni salir del hogar para participar en los acontecimientos sociales
RESCUE OF INFLAMMATORY RENAL DAMAGE BY MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: SADDIQ AMNA A , AZZA. M. MOHAMED
Published: January 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most critical diabetic complication that leads to renal failure. The purpose of this research was to explore the anti-diabetic effectiveness of Cucumis melo var. flexuosus and/or Phoenix dactylifera fruit aqueous extracts and their mechanisms in alleviating nephropathy in hyperglycemic rats. Diabetes was promoted in rats by injection (i.p.) of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). C. flexuosus and P. dactylifera extracts (CFE and PDE respectively) were ingested to diabetic rats for thirty consecutive days. The data revealed that intake of either plant extract or their combination to diabetic rats, significantly diminished the serum glucose and raised the serum insulin concentration. The plant extracts significantly ameliorated the increases in relative kidney weights as well as in renal tumor necrosis factor (TNF-Î±), serum C â€“reactive protein (CRP) and renal vascular endothelial factor (VEGF). Serum kidney function markers (creatinine, uric acid and urea) were also decreased in diabetic rats treated with the plant extracts. Histopathological observation was also carried out to confirm the biochemical results. This study has proven that the current plant extracts have potential hypoglycemic effect and could attenuate diabetic inflammatory renal damage in rats. The combination of the two extracts was synergistically the effective one. This result may help in exploring a novel therapy to manage diabetes and its complications.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APPLICATION BASED SPECIFIC STRESS SCALE FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: ARAVAMUTHAN ANANDHASAYANAM , PUZHAKKAL SARANYA , THULAMKUNNUPARAMBIL GOVINDANKUTTY JITHIN , THOMAS SNEHA , VENKATRAMAN VARADHARAJAN
Published: January 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the type of diabetes that occurs in women at the time of gestation or pregnancy. Prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide. Yearly 21 million new cases are reported. A normal pregnancy itself is linked with unique physical and psychological challenges and which is documented by medical fraternity. But no mention is made on psychological complaints specific to pregnant women diagnosed to have diabetes. It is well documented that diabetes is linked with significant distress level because it demands many lifestyle changes and pregnancy itself is a challenging condition. It stands to reason that a diabetic pregnancy will be linked with significant stress. Maternal exposure to stress can adversely affect the health of both foetus and mother. Stress can also affect diabetic management by influencing diet compliance, medication adherence and blood glucose monitoring. Studies also stated that stress can cause hyperglycaemia by altering hormone balance in body. Therefore any action plan for GDM must include proper stress management to obtain a desired outcome. Customised scales are available to measure the stress related to diabetes and normal pregnancy. But there was no specific scale available to measure GDM related stress scale. This study was undertaken to develop a mobile application based specific stress scale for GDM. A new scale called Gestational Diabetes Stress Scale (GDSS) was developed and introduced through a mobile application. This is a 16 item scale. GDSS gives total score and four subscale scores. A mean item score greater than or equal to 3 indicates the need of clinical attention. The total score is used to measure the overall stress level in patient. And the four subscale scores are to identify the possible sources of stress, which means whether the stress is due to emotional burden and/or medication related and/or health care set up and/or due to any economic or social relationship related and thus it allows the health care professional to manage the stress accordingly, thereby the gap in measuring gestational diabetes mellitus related stress was bridged and through the mobile application all the needed patients and health care providers can use it.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MISUSE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN AL-QASSIM REGION, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: NEGIKHAN OTAIBI NAIF , ALMUTAIRI MAJED , ZAID AL-NAMSHAN YOUSSEF , ABDULRAHMAN AL DHOHAYAN MOHAMMAD , DEEB ALOTIBI RAKAN
Published: January 2019

Globally, about 66% of oral antibiotics are taken without prescription with an aim to treat diseases which are mostly viral or protozoal in origin such as malaria, flu and pneumonia. In the developing countries, recent developments in healthcare and improvement in income have increased the use of antibiotics. This study is aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic misuse in Al-Qassim region and factors associated with this misuse. This is a cross sectional community-based study. About 596 study participants selected and recruited randomly from localities of Al-Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. After obtaining written consents, the data were gathered using questionnaires which consisted of two parts namely Part1 for demographic variables and part B for data about behaviors in antibiotic use. The descriptive statistics were obtained for the distribution and patterns of antibiotic misuse. To adjust for confounding effect, a multiple logistic regression was performed. Thus, demographic variables were introduced to the model as predictors and the use of prescribed antibiotics as a dependent variable. Approximately one third of the respondents used antibiotics without doctorsâ€™ prescriptions, while pharmacists were consulted in the 11% of the respondents. About 19% of the respondents practiced self-medications. Age, income and the PhD level of education were found to be significantly predicting the possibility of taking antibiotics with prescriptions. Those who aged 30 years old or more were 1.76. They were more likely to use antibiotics with doctorâ€™s prescription than those who aged <30 years old. The respondent with low income were more likely to take antibiotics based on the medical prescriptions. We concluded that a prevalence of antibiotics misuse is high in Al-Qassim region but the compliance with drug instructions are generally good.
SEVERITY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN JAZAN REGION, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: BASUDAN ABDULHAMEED , MOAFA ABDULRAHMAN , FAQIHI MOHAMMED , ALHAZMI MOHAMMED , MAHNASHI TAHER , KHAWAJI ALHUSSEN , HADDADI YASEEN , YASSIN ABUOBAIDA
Published: January 2019

Asthma is a worldwide health problem; its prevalence varies among different countries and cities and age groups. In children asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and leading causes of morbidity. This study is aimed at identifying important risk factors associated with the severity of bronchial asthma among school children in Jazan region. This cross-sectional study was made using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire. The study surveyed 1505 school children from different geographical areas in Jazan region using multistage cluster sampling technique. The descriptive statistics of the demographics and asthma severity variables were calculated using frequencies, percentages, and tables. The total study population was 1400, most of them were Saudi Arabians (1273-90.9%). The frequency of disturbed sleep at night due to wheezing or breathing problems was 111 (7.9%) in the included students. Nocturnal cough was reported in 332 (23.7%) of participants and 280 (20.0%) of them had wheeze resulting in limitation of speech. Frequency of urgent visits to doctor/emergency department (ED) due to wheezing or breathing problems was reported in 159 (11.4%) with clear statistically significant difference in frequency between male and female (p=0.023). Rate of hospital admission due to wheezing or breathing problems was 89 (6.3%).
Arte, ciência e vida: práticas curatoriais e de pesquisa na cidade polissêmica
Authors: Torres Natalia Pérez
Published: January 2019

Resenha crítica do livro Andrea Vieira Zanella, Entre Galerias e Museus: Diálogos metodológicos no encontro da Arte com a Ciência e a Vida. São Carlos: Pedro & João Editores, 2017.
Arte e consumo
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Sérgio de
Published: January 2019

Resenha crítica da exposição Andy Warhol, From A to B and Back Again, Whitney Museum of American Art, Nova York.
Stimmung, Arte Ambiental e corpo político em Hélio Oiticica
Authors: Amaral Luiza B.
Published: January 2019

Este breve ensaio tensiona o conceito de Stimmung (atmosfera) de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht e as leituras de ambiência na Arte Ambiental de Hélio Oiticica. Parte-se do conceito de Stimmung e suas nuances de significados; em seguida, investiga-se como o conceito de arte ambiental se constitui na perspectiva do artista brasileiro, utilizando como fontes dessa investigação suas obras e textos e também escritos de Mário Pedrosa. Analisa-se o Parangolé e os Bólides indicando como a proposta ambiental de Oiticica constrói uma leitura política do corpo atravessada por seus significados sociais e suas afecções.
O ENSINO DE TEORIA DA CONTABILIDADE NO BRASIL APÓS O PROCESSO DE CONVERGÊNCIA DAS NORMAS INTERNACIONAIS DE CONTABILIDADE SOB A ÓTICA DOS DOCENTES DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Marassi Rodrigo Barraco , Fasolin Luiza Betânia , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: January 2019

Este estudo buscou verificar as principais mudanças ocorridas no ensino da disciplina de Teoria da Contabilidade no Brasil após o processo de convergência das normas internacionais de contabilidade, com base na perspectiva dos docentes do Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa se classifica como descritiva, quantitativa, com levantamento dos dados por meio de um questionário enviado pelo Google Docs a 84 instituições de ensino superior do Estado do Paraná, que oferecem o curso de Ciências Contábeis. O questionário foi respondido por 30 docentes da disciplina de Teoria da Contabilidade dessas instituições, compondo assim, a amostra deste estudo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e posteriormente foi aplicado o grau de entropia da informação nos resultados. Os resultados demonstram que o processo de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade resultou em alterações no ensino da disciplina Teoria da Contabilidade. Os docentes tiveram que se readequar para transmitir o conteúdo dessa disciplina aos acadêmicos. Contatou-se que os respondentes concordam que alguns dos pronunciamentos estão sendo eficazes para aplicação do conteúdo. O teste da entropia demonstrou alta concordância dos docentes sobre a utilização deste instrumento nas aulas, mas sobre sua eficácia para aplicação do conteúdo aos alunos, a concordância foi menor. Pode-se concluir que o processo de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade causou alterações no ensino da disciplina de Teoria da Contabilidade, sob a ótica dos docentes do Estado do Paraná. Como sugestão para pesquisas futuras, seria interessante abranger outras disciplinas, o que poderia contribuir para a compreensão dos efeitos da convergência nas normas internacionais de contabilidade na qualidade do ensino da contabilidade no Brasil.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO RECEBIDA E O NÍVEL DE DESEMPENHO INDIVIDUAL NOS PROCESSOS ORGANIZACIONAIS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO JUNTO AOS PROFISSIONAIS CONTÁBEIS
Authors: Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Neitzke Ana Claudia Afra , Bezerra Cicero Aparecido , Voese Simone Bernardes
Published: January 2019

O cenário contemporâneo é balizado por um intenso fluxo de informações, o que imprime uma característica ímpar ao mercado de negócios mundial. Com efeito, as atividades desempenhadas pelos profissionais da contabilidade recebem impactos diretos das informações geradas pelas operações. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no intuito de investigar a relação entre a qualidade da informação recebida pelos profissionais contábeis e o nível de desempenho individual nos processos organizacionais. Para tanto, conduziu-se um estudo junto aos profissionais da contabilidade, com formação base em Ciências Contábeis, situados no Estado do Paraná. O instrumento adotado para coleta de dados foi um questionário estruturado, parcialmente adaptado de modelos teóricos já validados pela literatura, sendo aplicado por intermédio da plataforma eletrônica SurveyDox®. O instrumento captou a percepção dos indivíduos por meio de uma escala adaptada do tipo Likert de 0-10 pontos (variando entre discordo totalmente e concordo totalmente). A análise dos dados foi de natureza quantitativa, sendo empreendida mediante execução de estatísticas descritivas, teste Kruskal-Wallis e correlação canônica. A partir do modelo de correlação canônica foi possível constatar uma relação entre a qualidade da informação recebida e o desempenho no nível dos processos, contudo, outros fatores, que não extensivamente capturados pelo modelo teórico adotado, também impactam nesta relação. Esses achados promovem reflexões que distendem a própria lógica dos estudos sobre o sucesso do sistema de informações, pois que sinalizam que as representações mentais dos indivíduos sobre a qualidade podem provocar a falência do sistema, mesmo quando do investimento sumário em tecnologia da informação.
AVALIAÇÃO HIERÁRQUICA DA INFLUÊNCIA DO PAÍS, SETOR E EMPRESA NA EVIDENCIAÇÃO DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA
Authors: Soares Rômulo Alves , Abreu Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de , Marino Pedro De Barros Leal Pinheiro , Rebouças Silvia Maria Dias Pedro
Published: January 2019

O estudo realiza uma avaliação hierárquica da influência do sistema nacional de negócios (SNN), setor industrial e fatores associados ao desempenho financeiro da empresa na evidenciação de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC). Adota-se os pressupostos da teoria institucional para investigar a influência do sistema nacional de negócios na evidenciação de práticas sociais e ambientais em empresas provenientes dos setores de materiais básicos, de operações de petróleo e gás e de utilidade pública. O estudo analisa 264 observações provenientes de empresas que possuem ações negociadas nas bolsas de valores do Brasil (BM&FBovespa) e do Canadá (Toronto Stock Exchange). Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, adotando-se estatística descritiva e estimação econométrica com modelo hierárquico. Os resultados indicam que o percentual da variância da evidenciação de RSC é explicada pelo nível do SNN, seguido dos fatores associados ao desempenho financeiro das empresas. A pesquisa reforça a necessidade de os gestores avaliarem as características que moldam o sistema nacional de negócios ao estabelecerem suas estratégias relacionadas à evidenciação de responsabilidade social corporativa.
Dissolution of Tunisian phosphate ore by a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acid: Kinetics study by means of differential reaction calorimetry
Authors: Lachkar-Zamouri Olfa , Brahim Khemaies , Bennour Faten , Khattech Ismail
Published: January 2019

A mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acid was used to investigate the dissolution kinetics of phosphate ore by Differential Reaction Calorimetry (DRC). The effect of the solid-to-iquid ratio, concentration, stirring speed, particle size and temperature of the reaction is examined. It was established that the dissolution rate increased with stirring speed and particle size. However, rising the olid-to-iquid ratio, temperature and concentration decreased the dissolution rate. It was determined that the dissolution rate fits in the first order of the pseudo-homogeneous reaction model. Two negative values of apparent activation energies were found in the range of 25 to 60?C. The experimental data were tested by graphical and statistical methods and it was found that the following models were best fitted for the experimental data and an empirical equation for the process was developed. -ln (1 ? x) = [2,2 E-09((S/L)0.75C -0.461G0.447(SS) 0.471exp (2671/T)]t. T? 40?C -ln (1 ? x) = [2,2 E-09((S/L)0.75C -0.461G0.447(SS) 0.471exp (6959/T)]t. T > 45?C
The effects of a synthetic insecticide and a mineral oil on alfalfa insect pests
Authors: Nikolova Ivelina , Georgieva Natalia
Published: January 2019

The effects of the synthetic insecticide Eforia 043 ZK
(thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin), applied alone and at 1/5 and 2/5 reduced
doses in a mix with the mineral oil Akarzin, on Tychius flavus Beck.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze (Hemiptera:
Miridae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harmful thrips
(Thysanoptera) and cicadas (Hemiptera: suborder Auchenorrhyncha) were
studied. The efficacy of Eforia (applied alone and in reduced doses) was
significantly higher against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus and harmful
thrips, compared to cicadas. The insecticidal action of Akarzin had a better
protective effect against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus, in comparison
with thrips and cicadas. Combined application of the broad-spectrum
insecticide Eforia provided good control against insect pests. The mix of
Eforia?s reduced 1/5 dose with the mineral oil showed the highest toxicity
throughout the reporting period. Eforia applied at the reduced dose of 2/5
with Akarzin followed in efficacy. A synergistic effect was observed in
combinations and was defined as subadditive synergism. Reduced dosage of
Eforia and decrease in negative environmental impact of the plant protection
products is a friendly approach to integrated pest control. It is important
to apply innovative formulations of plant protection products that are safer
both for plants and the environment.
Sexual education in the European countries
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana
Published: January 2019

Sweden was the first country in Europe to introduce compulsory sex education
into school curricula as early as 1955. It is nowadays integrated in the
education systems of many European countries. Is the contemporary approach
to sex education realistic in Serbia, as well? In other words, has the state
modernised its education system and adapted it to the present-day
requirements and needs in this field? With that respect, the paper considers
a number of topics related to sex education: contemporary definition of the
concept, respect of the relevant human rights, new needs for this type of
information, the implementation principles, barriers and models in the
European countries, the role of schools, health care institutions and the
media, as well as the good practices in Europe. Besides the research results
published in scientific papers, important inputs for consideration of the
above topics were also taken from the relevant studies of the World Health
Organisation, the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the
European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. This has provided
the basis for the status assessment and the formulation of expectations with
regard to the implementation of youth sex education in Serbia. The emphasis
is on working with youth as the key target group for education in this
field, although sex education is significant in all stages of life.
Socio-psychological cost of childbearing in Serbia and political response
Authors: Bobic Mirjana , Veskovic-Andjelkovic Milica
Published: January 2019

Serbia is a part of the corpus of more than a half of world populations with
very low fertility. According to census from 2011, none of the generations
born between 1930 and 1962 in Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) gave
birth to more than two children. The share of childless women aged 30-34 has
been on rise, from 21.2% in census 2002 up to 30.3% in census 2011. These
women are most often single, living out of unions, with tertiary education,
economically active, employed, living in urban settings. Government of the
Republic of Serbia has adopted revised Birth Promotion Strategy by the end
of 2017 as the response to the problem of low fertility. It relies on the
previous Strategy from 2008, but it upgrades and further evolves the
document. This paper is aimed at short elaboration of the third goal of the
revised Strategy (decrease of the socio-psychological cost of childbearing).
Altogether with the second one (reconciliation of work and family), it
should create conditions in favour of diminishing enormous exploitation of
women/mothers? resources in parenthood and in household and thus alleviate
transition to further birth parities. Empirical base consists of different
sources of data, most prominent one being the last fieldwork carried out in
2017 by the Institute for Sociological Research, Faculty of Philosophy in
Belgrade: ?Culture of Childbearing - Reproductive and Partnership Strategies
of Women in Serbia today?. Results have demonstrated moderate patriarchal
statements among females in Serbia, altogether with quite strong patriarchal
practice in partnering and parenting. It is the persistence of the ideology
of ?intensive motherhood? and divided female/male performance in the
critical moment of ?early baby stage? and later on in the course of family
life in the context of low quality of everyday life and vast impoverishment
at the semiperiphery. Such ideology and reproductive behaviour are not
conducive to increased childbearing which is well documented in literature
and research. To the contrary, they lead to postponement and giving up
births eventually, especially of higher parities. As a political response we
recommend more active inclusion of males into parenthood, by, inter alia,
introducing of ?daddy quota? in Serbia. This short term and fully
compensated paternal leave is recommended to last two weeks. The measure
should be followed by vast social promotion of fatherhood, especially in
business, with employers, employees and other males.
Job and family life of the women employedin the tourism of Vojvodina - conflicts and advantages
Authors: Blesic Ivana , Pivac Татjana , Bozic Sanja , Kalenjuk Bojana
Published: January 2019

Work and family are the two most important aspects of a woman?s life. The
problem of mismatch between work and family intensifies and culminates in
modern families in which both spouses are equally absent from the family.
The employment of both spouses affects family life by preventing the
fulfillment of family roles and obligations in the way that it had
functioned before the massive participation of women in the labour market
began. Increased interest in this issue started with the massive employment
of women. Women become financially more independent than their husbands,
have less time for family responsibilities, seek greater equality in
decision-making, leading to increased opportunities to report conflicts of
family and business roles, as job matching requirements and family
activities are higher. When a conflict arises, it also affects the
organization and the individual. Numerous studies have found that a person
experiencing a conflict of working and family life will experience an
increase in health risk, a reduction in work and life effects, and a
decrease in life satisfaction. The paper presents the results of a research
aimed at examining the influence of negative affectivity, conflictual
interaction of work and family, as well as the positive interaction of the
work and family role of women employedin the tourism industry of Vojvodina
on organizational commitment and intent to leave the job. The research was
conducted in hotels, travel agencies and tourist organizations. The results
of the survey have shown that the conflict between work and family affects
the increase in the intention to leave the organization, and that, as is
expected, a positive interaction between family and work increases the
degree of affective commitment to the organization.
Postponement of parenthood and childlessness from a perspective of socio-professional characteristics of women in Serbia
Authors: Sobot Аnkica
Published: January 2019

Birth postponement is a characteristic of reproductive behaviour that has
produced low fertility rate. Also, childlessness is being more and more
extensive. In this text, the effort is made in order to take a closer look
into these two phenomena taking into account socio-professional
characteristics of women born in 1950s and later. Accordingly, generations
with whom changes in fields of education and economic activities had started
are included as well as the ones in which emancipation process has been
intensified. Analysis is directed towards viewing the share of childless
women by occupations, based on Serbian Census from 2011. Data that are
related to all economically active women indicate significant differentiation
between occupations. The highest shares are in age cohort 25 to 29 years old,
but are also high among women aged 30 to 39 years old. Birth postponement and
childlessness are more present within particular manager professions and
experts than within occupations that require only secondary education. These
two phenomena are specificity of few professions within social science but
the least present among pre-school and elementary school teachers. Among
women aged 45 to 49 years, 50 to 54 years and 55 to 59 years old within same
professions, significant differences in terms of being reproductively active
are not notable. Specific behaviours of women with particular
socio-professional characteristics are obvious but descriptive analysis are
just the first step for more profound researches on professions influencing
child bearing decisions.
Czech family policy
Authors: Stankovic Biljana
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the development and transformation of the Czech population
policy since the 1950s. It changed from the pronatalist, carried out at a
time when the Czech Republic was part of the communist Czechoslovakia, to
mostly social in the time of the transition from the 1990s, and the
actualization and introduction of new measures in the last decade. The
measures that were defined and implemented over a certain period of time
represented the state?s response to the family and reproductive behavior of
the population, most often reflected in low fertility, largely determined by
the current social, economic and cultural conditions. In this sense, the
period of the greatest challenges came after 1989, with the transformation
of the social and political system and the great economic and social changes
that followed, as well as the decline in fertility to an extremely low
level. At that time, family policy excluded the pronatalist incentives and
benefits and only kept social measures aimed at reducing poverty and
alleviating inequalities. Since the early 2000s, new measures have been
defined and implemented, motivated by the need to stop and change the
declining fertility trend that reached the lowest level (TFR 1.13 in 1999),
by looking at the possible negative socio-economic consequences, as well as
the recommendations and directives of the European Union, member of which
became Czech Republic in 2004. Since 2000, the decline in fertility stopped,
TFR reached 1.43 in 2011 and according to data for 2016, it was 1.63
children per woman.
Comparative analysis of fertility by age and education in the Republic of Srpska and the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Mandic Rada , Dzigurski Ivkov
Published: January 2019

The family is an institution that is constantly changing in line with the
modern system of society values. In the last two decades there has been a
change in fertility, the size of the family and the form of marriage. Low
reproductive norms are not only a reflection of socio-economic factors, but
also norms of an induction character. In the Republic of Srpska and the
Republic of Serbia there was a change in the pattern of birth; women decided
to espouse later, which also delayed firstborn in the later reproductive age.
Regarding birth analysis, we tried to investigate whether women of different
ages and educational levels had an impact on fertility, and what
similarities and differences had shaped the fertility of Serbian countries.
It is considered that education affects the reproductive choice and creates
a gap between the required and the actual size of the family. The basic
hypothesis of work is based on the assumption that there is a strong
correlation between female education, age and fertility. Descriptive
statistical methods, T-test and Pirson correlation coefficient were used for
data analysis. The obtained results indicate that there has been a change in
reproductive behavior and that there is a strong connection in
socio-demographic parameters of the fertility of the Republika of Srpska and
the Republic of Serbia.
Personal aging planning - resource of active aging in the community
Authors: Lepir Ljubo
Published: January 2019

Under the conditions of strengthening neoliberalism, when the role of the
state in securing the social security of citizens is constantly diminishing,
the issues of age and aging become increasingly the ?matter? of personal
responsibility of each individual towards themselves and their life and
personal relationship between them. Personal aging planning is a pressing
need in societies where social security systems are inadequate to provide
the existential needs of the elderly. Age planning is directly linked to the
realization of active aging models. Active aging involves knowingly managing
the old person with his remaining abilities, capabilities and resources in
order to overcome the consequences of aging. Question how to achieve the
goals of active aging can not be the responsibility of an old person - that
is the question of responsibility of the community in which the old person
lives. The conditions it creates and activities carried out by the community
directly contribute to better and more efficient results of personal age
planning. In the paper we deal with the updating of the importance of
personal age planning and sustainability of the concept of active aging in
local communities. Personal age planning is in direct co-ordination with
institutional support for the elderly in the local community that is
implemented through preventive programs and adaptation programs. Preventive
programs for elderly people in community can facilitate the adjustment of
the elderly to the new states and the consequences of age. Adaptation
programmes provide primary support to the elderly in coping and solving
problems, the concrete and active problems that local community citizens
face each day.
Intergenerational relationships and solidarity: A myth or social reality?
Authors: Solarevic Milica , Arsenovic Daniela , Djercan Bojan , Djurdjev Branislav
Published: January 2019

From the individual state and through the family, aging became a collective
and social ?problem?, often interpreted only statistically and economically.
Main goals and tasks of this paper are contained in issues expressed through
these questions: how much the society is socially responsible and solidary,
how deep the intergenerational gap is, and how strong the relationships
between the elderly and the young are. The existence of traditional and
human values, the exchange of feelings, the transfer of knowledge, skills
and experiences between the oldest and the youngest generation were analyzed
through the attitudes of pupils of selected elementary school classes and
students in Novi Sad. The analysis includes frequency, extent, activity and
time spent between respondents and the oldest family and household members.
The research results will serve as the basis for a realistic assessment of
the situation in society, referring to family relationships that have
undergone changes in the last few decades. It will also direct policy makers
to the importance and potential of old people in the field of preserving
community, culture, heritage; emphasizing the importance of the feeling of
physical and psychological usefulness and functionality for old people.