bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients with Hypertensive Nephropathy and Chronic Kidney Disease Might Not Benefit from Strict Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Vettoretti Simone , Caldiroli Lara , Zanoni Francesca , Azzini Valeria , Villarini Anna , Meazza Roberto , Messa Piergiorgio
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) strict blood pressure (BP) control is reno-protective. However, renal benefits from BP control might depend also on the etiology of CKD. We investigated if maintenance of BP at target is equally effective in subjects with hypertensive nephropathy (HN+) and in those with other nephropathies (HN-). Methods: We evaluated 148 patients with CKD (stages 3-5) in two visits at least 12 months apart. BP was measured both as office BP and 24h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated with CKD-EPI formula. The slope of eGFR variation (ΔeGFR) was calculated as: (eGFR1-eGFR0)/months of follow up. Results: Cohort characteristics were: HN-(n=82) and HN+ (n=66), age (71±9 vs 74±9 years; p=0.09); prevalence of diabetes (57 vs 43%; p=0.19); average follow up (19±7 vs 21±9 months; p=0.3). HN- and HN+ did not differ regarding both baseline eGFR (34±18 vs 35±14 ml/min; p=0.97) and ΔeGFR (0.00±0.53 vs -0.06±0.35 ml/min/month, p=0.52). The proportion of patients with BP at target at both visits was similar in HN- and HN+ (office BP: HN- 18% and HN+ 27%; p=0.21; ABP: HN- 42% and HN+ 43; p=0.96). In patients with office BP at target at both visits HN- showed a significant improvement of ΔeGFR respect to HN+ (HN-: 0.240 ± 0.395 and HN+: -0.140±0.313 ml/min/ month; p=0.026). In patients with office BP not at target HN- and HN+ did not show any difference in ΔeGFR (HN- 0.00±0.47; HN+ -0.030±0.420 ml/min/month; p=0.66). ABP was not associated with differences in ΔeGFR either if it was at target (HN- 0.104±0.383 and HN+ 0.00±0.476 ml/min/month; p=0.42) or not (HN- -0.057±0.503 and HN+ -0.092±0.325 ml/ min/month; p=0.87). Conclusion: In patients with CKD and HN+ maintenance of BP targets recommended by current guidelines is less reno-protective than it is in HN-.
Urinary Level of Liver-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein Reflects the Degree of Tubulointerstitial Damage in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Watanabe Shiika , Ichikawa Daisuke , Sugaya Takeshi , Ohata Keiichi , Inoue Kazuho , Hoshino Seiko , Kimura Kenjiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Kamijo-Ikemori Atsuko
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common, progressive, and heritable type of kidney disease. Although certain imaging modalities are useful for the diagnosis and staging of PKD, they cannot adequately monitor the severity of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, the present study evaluated the urinary level of liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) as a marker of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in PKD. Methods: Male PCK/CrljCrl-Pkhd1pck/Crl (PCK) rats (n = 34) were used as an animal model of the PKD. Age-and sex-matched Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) (n = 34) were used as controls. Urine samples were obtained from the rats at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age, and the sera and kidney tissues were obtained at 8, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age. Results: All PCK rats developed cysts, and the degrees of tubular epithelial cell proliferation and interstitial inflammation increased linearly with age in these model rats relative to the controls. Interstitial fibrosis tended to increase in the PCK rats from 8 to 20 weeks of age, and revealed a peak level at 20 weeks. The urinary L-FABP levels increased linearly with age in the PCK rats, and the levels at 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks were significantly higher than those in the controls. The urinary levels of L-FABP in the PCK rats correlated significantly with the severity of tubulointerstitial damage; specifically, we observed a significant correlation of the urinary levels at 16 weeks of age with the total kidney volume at 20 weeks. In contrast, both PCK and SD rats exhibited similar serum levels of L-FABP. Conclusion: Urinary L-FABP reflects the progression of tubulointerstitial damage, and therefore, may be a useful marker for monitoring the progression of PKD.
Inhibition of microRNA-376b Protects Against Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Inducing Macrophage Autophagy by Upregulating Atg5 in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yang Shufen , Abdulla Rizwanguli , Lu Chen , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common feature that facilitates the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and emerging lines of evidence suggest that microRNA-376b (miR-376b) is capable of promoting RIF. In this study, we examined collagen deposition in kidney tissues, the autophagy and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) of macrophages, and the apoptosis of kidney fibroblasts (KFBs) after the promotion or suppression of endogenous miR-376b in cultured macrophages and renal fibroblasts obtained from mice with CKD. Methods: FVB/N mice were prepared to establish a CKD model. A target prediction program and luciferase activity determination were used to confirm that autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) was a direct target of miR-376b. Macrophages and KFBs were isolated after the treatment to study the mechanisms and functions of miR-376b in relation to Atg5 in CKD. The autophagy level was determined, and KFB proliferation and apoptosis were assessed through MTT and EdU assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Atg5 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-376b. miR-376b and Atg5 exhibited high and low expression in kidney tissues from mice with CKD. The mice treated with a miR-376b inhibitor exhibited reduced collagen deposition, suppressed interstitial fibrosis, a higher level of autophagy, higher ROS production, enhanced apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation of KFBs, which suggested that the downregulation of miR-376b could exert beneficial effects on CKD through Atg5. Conclusion: miR-376b downregulation promotes macrophage autophagy to relieve RIF by negatively regulating Atg5 in mice with CKD. Thus, miR-376b might represent a potential focus of future investigations on treatments for CKD.
A new species of Notomulciber (Micromulciber) Aurivillius, 1913, from the southern Western Ghats of India (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Homonoeini)
Authors: HIREMATH S. R.
Published: November 2018

Notomulciber (Micromulciber) viraktamathi sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the southern Western Ghats, a hotspot of biodiversity in India. Ecological notes, differential diagnosis of the new species from its close relatives and a key to the species of Notomulciber from India are provided.
Review of the genus Paramesius Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae, Spilomicrini) from Russia, with description of four new species
Authors: CHEMYREVA VASILISA G. , KOLYADA VICTOR A.
Published: November 2018

A review of the eight Palaearctic species of the genus Paramesius Westwood is provided, four of which are described and illustrated: P. primorus Chemyreva et Kolyada, sp. nov. (Russia: Primorsky Territory), P. janmaceki Chemyreva et Kolyada, sp. nov. (Russia: Primorsky Territory, Kuril Islands: Kunashir, Shikotan), P. ocampus Chemyreva et Kolyada, sp. nov. (Russia: Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin), and P. spiracularis Chemyreva et Kolyada, sp. nov. (Russia: Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Kuril Islands: Kunashir). New synonyms are proposed (valid name is the first): P. brachypterus Thomson, 1859 = P. spinosus Kieffer, 1911, syn. nov.; P. crassicornis Thomson, 1859 = P. dolosus Kieffer, 1911, syn. nov. = Spilomicrus kaszabi Szabo, 1977, syn. nov.; P. rufipes (Fonscolombe), 1832 = Spilomicrus striatifoveatus Szabo, 1960, syn. nov. All known Palaearctic species of Paramesius are keyed.
Review of Indonesian species of the leafhopper genus Drabescus Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species
Authors: XU DELIANG , ZHANG YALIN
Published: November 2018

Two new species Drabescus stilliformis and D. viraktamathi spp. nov., are described and illustrated from Indonesia. A checklist and key to males from Indonesia are provided. Type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. (BMNH) and the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, U.K. (NMW).
A new “elfin” butterfly species of Cissatsuma Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from northwestern Sichuan, China
Authors: KRUPITSKY ANATOLY V.
Published: November 2018

A new species of elfin blue, Cissatsuma berezowskii Krupitsky sp.n., is described from the northwestern Sichuan Province, China, based on two old museum specimens, a male and a female. The new species differs from the most closely related one, C. albilinea (Riley, 1932), in lack of white band of ventral wing surfaces, broadened blue area of dorsal wing surfaces in female, and morphology of the male and female genitalia. The distribution map of the new species and C. albilinea is provided.
Two new species of Caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) from Lower-Hill Evergreen Forests of Southern Thailand
Authors: SUWANNARAT NANNAPHAT , MALICKY HANS , LAUDEE PONGSAK
Published: November 2018

Two new species of caddisflies, Macrostemum nigralatum n. sp. and Anisocentropus tairomyenensis n. sp., are described and figured from lower-hill evergreen forests in southern Thailand. Wings of M. nigralatum are black, which distinguishes the new species from other related species. Anisocentropus tairomyenensis n. sp. is a member of the subgenus Anisomontropus and is characterized by the obvious basal expansion of the preanal appendages.
Membranes Assembled from Narrow Carbon Nanotubes Block Proton Transport and Can Form Effective Nano-Filtration Devices
Authors: Burykin Anton , Warshel Arieh
Published: November 2018

The use of carbon nanotubes in various filtration devices is a promising current direction in nano-technology. The direction of progress is, however, far from obvious when it involves devices that can allow water to be transferred while blocking proton transport. This problem is addressed
in the present paper by exploiting the perspective that emerge from our recent studies of the mechanism of proton blockage in aquaporins. The paper focuses on a computational study of the free energy barriers for transfer of proton and water molecules through the membrane assembled from the
double wall (5;5)@(10;10) armchair carbon nanotubes. It shows that such system can be used as a water nano filter that allows water transfer while blocking protons. Thus such carbon nanotube membrane will work as an artificial analog of aquaporin water channel. The general mechanisms
of proton transfer/blockage in biological and artificial nanosystems are also discussed.
Adhesion Energy of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Polyethylene Composite: Effect of Magnetic Field
Authors: Al-Haik Marwan S. , Hussaini M. Yousuff
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we investigate the adhesion energy at the interface between single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and polyethylene matrixwith and without an external magnetic field. The carbon nanotubes are of two different chiralities—armchair (10, 10), and zigzag (10, 0), and
the external high magnetic field is of 25 Tesla intensity. The study employs molecular dynamics simulations and concludes that the magnetic field decreases the interfacial adhesion energy although it increases the individual potential energies of the nanotubes, polyethylene, and composite.
Finite Lattice Calculations on Discrete Models
Authors: Velgakis M. J.
Published: November 2018

A new method is proposed for the calculation of the exact partition function for Ising-like systems, based on finite-lattice arguments. In a way, the method is originated with the finite scaling theories presented by Bhanot [J. Stat. Phys. 60, 55 (1990)] and earlier by
Binder [Physica 62, 508 (1972)]. The method is tested on a 2D Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbors interactions. An asset of the method is the low computer power demand.
A Near Repeat Examination of Economic Crimes
Authors: Powell Zachary A. , Grubb Jonathan A. , Nobles Matt R.
Published: November 2018

Criminological inquiry has recently showcased increased attention toward the near repeat phenomenon, which suggests that following an initial criminal event, there is an increased risk for the occurrence of the same type of event spatially and temporally proximate to the initiating event. The majority of previous research tends focuses on the patterns related to violent and conventional property crimes but neglects to examine other economic-related crimes. Given the significant costs associated with this crime type, unpacking hidden patterns may be useful in identifying high-risk areas and deploying appropriate countermeasures. The current study builds on previous examinations of the near repeat phenomenon through the exploration of specific economic crimes (counterfeiting, credit card/ATM fraud, false pretense/swindling) using 6 years of crime data from the Fort Worth (Texas) Police Department. Although near repeat patterns were discovered across multiple analyses, the greatest risk across all analyses was for repeat victimization at the same location. A discussion of policy implications, limitations, and areas for future research are also provided.
Did Satan’s fall form hell? A persistent misreading in Inferno XXXIV
Authors: Rendall Thomas
Published: November 2018

Satan’s fall to earth is described at the end of the Inferno in a way that has led many readers, including eminent scholars from the 14th century to the present, to believe Dante imagined Satan’s impact as having brought about not only the mountain of purgatory but also the pit of hell itself. However, this reading is indefensible because it is supported by neither the bible nor medieval theology, because it is contradicted by the inscription over the Gate of Hell, because the formation of an eternal realm by any agency other than God himself was held to be impossible, and, most importantly, because careful analysis of the relevant passage in the poem itself clearly excludes the interpretation.
Experimental investigation of through-thickness resistivity of unidirectional carbon fiber tows
Authors: Yu Hong , Sun Jessica , Heider Dirk , Advani Suresh
Published: November 2018

In this study, the influence of type of carbon fiber, sizing amount on the fiber surface and the degree of compaction on the through-thickness electrical resistivity of dry unidirectional carbon fiber tows is investigated to validate the conduction pathways and mechanisms proposed by our previously reported micromechanics electrical resistivity model. An automated experimental setup has been developed and implemented, which measures the electrical resistivity and fiber volume fraction of carbon fiber tows under compression in real time. An extensive experimental study is conducted with five types of commercial PAN-based carbon fibers which vary in fiber diameter, number of fibers in a tow including two unsized fibers and three sized fibers with sizing amount of 0.25% and 1.0% by weight. The fiber volume fraction was increased by compacting the fiber tows using a mechanical testing system (Instron, Norwood, MA). The results show that the fiber sizing and fiber volume fraction impact the through-thickness electrical resistivity of carbon fiber tows. Sized fibers demonstrate 1–2 orders of magnitude higher electrical resistivity than the unsized fibers at lower fiber volume fractions (below 45%), while at higher fiber volume fraction (60%–70%), the electrical resistivity of the two fiber systems tends to be of similar magnitude. Fibers with more sizing (1 wt.%) demonstrated 10 times larger through-thickness resistivity than those with less sizing (0.25 wt.%), indicating the significant impact of fiber sizing on electrical resistivity. The results show good agreement with our micromechanics electrical resistivity model.
Residual stress and failure analyses of polymer matrix composites considering thermal cycling and temperature effects based on classical laminate plate theory
Authors: Ghasemi AR , Tabatabaeian A , Moradi M
Published: November 2018

The effects of temperature and thermal cycling on the residual stress and failure behavior of different polymer matrix composites have been investigated in this paper. A new algorithm within the framework of the classical laminate plate theory (CLPT) has been presented to calculate the residual stresses. The modified Tsai-Wu failure criterion has been employed to study the failure behavior of different stacking sequences. Numerical results show that the residual stress and failure index of the composites decrease with the increase of the temperature. It has also been established that thermal cycling condition leads to reduction of the residual stresses and increment of the failure index.
Using an Instructional Package to Teach Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Automated External Defibrillator to College Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Kearney Kelly B. , Dukes Charles , Brady Michael P. , Pistorio Kalynn Hall , Duffy Mary Louise , Bucholz Jessica L.
Published: November 2018

Adults with intellectual disability may not learn safety skills needed to maintain the safety of those within their communities. Basic life-saving skills are valued by community members and increase independent and integrated living and employment opportunities. This study used an instructional package consisting of modeling, task analysis, and simultaneous prompting to teach college students with intellectual disability a basic life-saving skill, specifically how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Phase 1 of the study used the instructional package to teach the students to perform CPR. Once mastered, Phase 2 of the study taught students to use an AED, incorporating it into the CPR chain. Results showed that the students’ accuracy with the tasks increased after the introduction of the instructional package, generalized to a novel environment, and maintained once the instructional package was removed. Implications and future research are discussed.
Impregnation of viscose substrate with nicotinamide in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Fan Yue , Zhang Cong , Cai Chong , Long Jiajie , Shi Meiwu
Published: November 2018

An investigation of green and sustainable impregnation of viscose substrate was performed for the first time by employing nicotinamide as a drug model for manufacturing drug-loaded cosmetic textiles in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The effects of impregnation time, operating temperature, pressure, and cosolvent on the drug loading capacity (DLC) of nicotinamide into viscose fabric were explored. The results show that the DLC increased gradually with impregnation time up to an equilibrium value at 60 min. The DLC significantly increased with temperature from 40 to 80℃ at a system pressure higher than 12 MPa, accompanied by a decrease at a higher temperature. However, a smaller effect of the system temperature on the DLC was also observed at a system pressure lower than 12 MPa. DLC was much higher at 40℃ when the operating pressure was 10 or 12 MPa. Different improvements for the DLC were also achieved with different system pressures at various system temperatures, especially at operating pressures higher than 12 MPa. While DLC initially increased with pressure, it decreased afterwards when the operating temperature was 40℃. Moreover, the results from different cosolvents show that the DLC was evidently enhanced with the dosage of acetone as well as methanol in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, whereas an overall tendency to decrease was also encountered for the utilization of ethanol. Furthermore, impregnation was characterized and validated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis.
Trauma and Early Adolescent Perceptions About Sex and Parenthood: The Mediating Role of Anger Regulation
Authors: Shreffler Karina M. , Tiemeyer Stacy , Giano Zachary , Gallus Kami L. , Cox Ronald B. , Merten Michael J.
Published: November 2018

Using a population-based sample of 1,311 seventh graders in an urban school district in the South Central United States, we examined the associations between early-life trauma, anger regulation, and early adolescent perceptions about sex and parenthood. Girls and boys with more trauma exposure were more likely to perceive adolescent parenthood as ideal for them (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, p < .01 and OR = 1.24, p < .01, respectively). Childhood trauma was also associated with increased perceived pressure to have sex for both girls and boys (OR = 1.23, p < .001 and OR = 1.22, p < .001) and to have a baby (OR = 1.51, p < .001 and OR = 1.46, p < .001). Anger regulation mediated the association between childhood trauma and perceiving teen parenthood as ideal for both girls and boys, but not of felt pressures. Our results suggest that anger regulation skills may offer insight for trauma-informed adolescent pregnancy prevention efforts and these efforts need to begin early, before adolescents start engaging in risky behaviors.
Self-Control, Opportunity, and College Students’ Bystander Intervention in Sexually Coercive Situations
Authors: Zozula Christine , Costello Barbara J. , Anderson Bradley J.
Published: November 2018

This study examines students’ bystander intervention opportunities and behaviors using survey data from a convenience sample of 226 college students from a university in the United States. We approach this study with theoretical concepts from the criminological literature on positive peer influence, self-control theories, and social control theories. Bivariate correlations and logistic analysis reveal, contrary to our predictions, that social and self-control have only minor predictive power on the likelihood of witnessing and intervening in sexually coercive events. However, we find strong support for some demographic characteristics, peer relationships, and behavioral characteristics (such as binge drinking) as predictive of witnessing a sexually coercive event and intervening in an event. Our study adds to the literature on bystander intervention behavior and aims to inform bystander intervention programming efforts by identifying student populations that are more likely to have the opportunity to intervene in sexually coercive situations and sexual assaults.
Interrogating innocence: “Childhood” as exclusionary social practice
Authors: Garlen Julie C
Published: November 2018

Within the contemporary US context, the construct of childhood innocence is a powerful social myth that structures children’s social relations and culture and informs their rights and status in society. In this article, I interrogate the construct of childhood innocence to examine how it operates as an exclusionary form of social practice. By examining the emotional investments and social tensions that have shaped concepts of childhood, which define who is entitled to innocence and what it means to “belong” with/in childhood, I reveal how the doctrine of innocence has operated to maintain White supremacy. I explore the implications of a construct of childhood that works against the agency and dignity of most children by perpetuating silence about social injustices to illustrate the need for a reconceptualization of childhood that acknowledges and prioritizes the human rights of all children.
Women’s Employment and Well-Being of Children Under 5 Years in Vietnam
Authors: Bui Quang N. , Hoang Trung X. , Le Nga T. V. , Tran Tung S.
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the impact of women’s employment in the manufacturing sector and in the services sector on the well-being of children aged 0 to 5 years in Vietnam. Our findings show that women’s employment decreases the quantity of time that mothers spend with their children. At the same time, women’s employment increases their income. The magnitude of the impact of women’s employment in the services sector on child nutrition is greater than that of women’s employment in manufacturing. This may be because of the higher income of mothers working in the service sector when compared to those working in manufacturing.
Association Between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Data From the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Kim Hyun-Young
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to examine the association of depression with metabolic syndrome and to investigate levels of awareness and treatment of depression in Korean adults. We analyzed data extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014 and 2016) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening instrument. Among the survey participants, 10 459 were selected for data analysis. Of them, 7.2% had depression, 24.4% had metabolic syndrome, and 10.0% had both depression and metabolic syndrome. Among those with depression, 33.1% were aware of their condition and 25.7% received treatment, with significant differences found between those with and without metabolic syndrome. The mean Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores significantly increased with the number of metabolic syndrome components ( F = 6.06, P = <.001). In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for depression with metabolic syndrome was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.76). For the number of metabolic syndrome components, having 2 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01-1.86), 3 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.12-2.21), 4 (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.32-2.87), and 5 (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.38-3.46) conditions significantly increased the OR for depression. Including depression in the management of metabolic syndrome could help make people with depression more aware of their condition.
Professional unions in Germany: theoretical explanations and practical consequences for industrial relations
Authors: Keller Berndt
Published: November 2018

This article deals with the unexpected rise of professional unions in Germany. Its focus is on two interrelated questions of theoretical interest, as well as practical relevance. How is their rise not only to be described but also explained? What does their existence and success mean for sector-specific and general industrial relations?
Adaptivity Through Self-Directed Learning to Meet the Challenges of Our Ever-Changing World
Authors: Morris Thomas Howard
Published: November 2018

Fostering adult learners’ competence to adapt appropriately to our ever-changing world is a primary concern of adult education. The purpose of the present article is novel and examines whether the consideration of modes of learning (instruction, performance, and inquiry) could assist in the design of adult education that facilitates self-directed learning and enables learners to think and perform adaptively. The concept of modes of learning originated from the typology of Houle. However, to date, no study has reached beyond this typology, especially concerning the potential of using modes of learning in the design of adult education. Specifically, an apparent oversight in adult learning theory is the foremost importance of the consideration of whether inquiry is included in the learning process: its inclusion potentially differentiates the purpose of instruction, the nature of learners’ performance, and the underlying epistemological positioning. To redress this concern, two models of modes of learning are proposed and contrasted. The reinforcing model of modes of learning (instruction, performance, without inquiry) promotes teacher-directed learning. A key consequence of employing this model in adult education is that learners may become accustomed to habitually reinforcing patterns of perceiving, thinking, judging, feeling, and acting—performance that may be rather inflexible and represented by a distinct lack of a perceived need to adapt to social contextual changes: a lack of motivation for self-directed learning. Rather, the adapting model of modes of learning (instruction, performance, with inquiry) may facilitate learners to be adaptive in their performance—by encouraging an enhanced learner sensitivity toward changing social contextual conditions: potentially enhancing learners’ motivation for self-directed learning.
A novel damage model based on micromechanics for hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites under uniaxial compression
Authors: Zhang Yao , Ju J Woody , Zhu Hehua , Chen Qing , Guo Qinghua , Yan Zhiguo
Published: November 2018

A novel damage model based on micromechanics is proposed for hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites under uniaxial compression. In this model, a multilevel homogenization method is presented to predict the overall elastic properties of hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites. To account for the contribution of microcracks on its macrocompliance under compression, hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composite is considered equivalent to the microcrack-weakened solid, whose overall compliance consists of the compliance of the matrix and the additional compliance by sliding, propagating and kinking cracks. The bridging effects of hybrid fibers on restraining crack growth are simplified based on the reality that the average sliding displacement of microcracks is much less than the length of reinforcing fibers. The evolutional domains of microcrack growth under loads where the microcracks are sliding, propagating and kinking are discussed in detail. In addition, the weakening effects of fibers upon compressive behavior are captured by introducing two functions, which consider the influences of fiber geometrical parameters, the microcrack density and the distance between two nearest microcracks with the same oriented angle. Simulation results by our evolutionary damage model render reasonable agreements with available experimental data of fiber reinforced cementitious composites and hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites with various fiber contents. The new micromechanical damage model would be beneficial to elucidating the strengthening and weakening mechanisms of hybrid fiber reinforcement.
Prevention of Chlamydia Infections With Theater in School Sex Education
Authors: Jerlström Charlotta , Adolfsson Annsofie
Published: November 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate if an intervention including theater in school sex education affects students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding condom use in Sweden. The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial. The intervention group got a play, value exercises, chlamydia games, condom school, and interactive replay with professional actors and staff from a youth guidance center. The control group got standard sex education from school staff. Students in both groups answered web surveys on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding condom use. Posteducation, knowledge on condom use, chlamydia, and protection had increased in both groups. However, students in the intervention group showed higher levels of knowledge, improved attitudes, and less risky behavior in regard to condom use compared to the control group. The intervention titled SAFETY seemed to be a beneficial supplement to standard sex education and more effective with regard to knowledge of condom use.
Superficial Peroneal Nerve Injury Risk During a Semiblind Fasciotomy for Anterior Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg: An Anatomical and Clinical Study
Authors: de Bruijn Johan A. , van Zantvoort Aniek P. M. , Hundscheid Henricus Pieter Hubert , Hoogeveen Adwin R. , Teijink Joep A. W. , Scheltinga Marc R.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Up to 8% of patients who underwent a fasciotomy for leg anterior chronic exertional compartment syndrome (ant-CECS) report sensory deficits suggestive of iatrogenic superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) injury. In the current study we aimed to thoroughly assess the risk of SPN injury during a semiblind fasciotomy of the anterior compartment using 2 separate approaches.

Methods:

A modified semiblind fasciotomy of the anterior compartment was performed via a longitudinal 2-cm skin incision 2 cm lateral of the anterior tibial crest halfway along the line fibular head-lateral malleolus both in cadaver legs and in patients with ant-CECS. In the cadaver legs, the skin was removed after the procedure and possible SPN injuries and spatial relationships between the SPN and the opened fascia were studied. Between January 2013 and December 2016, 64 ant-CECS patients who underwent a fasciotomy of the anterior compartment were prospectively followed. Iatrogenic SPN injuries were assessed using questionnaires and physical examinations.

Results:

Macroscopic SPN nerve injury was not observed in any of the 9 cadaver legs. In 8 specimens, the SPN was located at least 5 mm posterolateral to the opened fascia. In 1 specimen, an undamaged SPN branch crossed the operative field in a ventral plane. De novo sensory deficits suggestive for iatrogenic SPN injury were not observed in any of the 64 patients (120 legs; 36 females; median age, 22 years) who underwent a fasciotomy of the anterior compartment.

Conclusion:

The proposed semiblind fasciotomy for treatment of ant-CECS was not associated with SPN injury in either the cadaveric study or our clinical series.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
An Anatomic Study of the Naviculocuneiform Ligament and Its Possible Role Maintaining the Medial Longitudinal Arch
Authors: Swanton Eric , Fisher Lauren , Fisher Andrew , Molloy Andrew , Mason Lyndon
Published: November 2018

Background:

Weight-bearing radiographic analysis of pes planus deformities show, with varying degree of severity, a break in the Meary line. The break in the Meary line occurs not only at the talonavicular joint but also distal to the spring ligament and reported tibialis posterior insertion. Our aim in this study was to investigate the distal plantar ligaments of the medial longitudinal arch, to try to identify other areas where deformity correction could be affected.

Methods:

We examined 11 cadaveric lower limbs that had been preserved for dissection in a solution of formaldehyde. The lower limbs were carefully dissected to identify the plantar aspect of the medial longitudinal arch.

Results:

In all specimens, the tibialis posterior tendon inserted into the plantar medial aspect of the navicular with separate slips to the intermediate and lateral cuneiform. The navicular cuneiform ligament extended from the navicular to medial cuneiform. This structure was statically inserted between the navicular and medial cuneiform, which would allow the pull of the tibialis posterior to act on the navicular and medial cuneiform in tandem. The average width of the naviculocuneiform ligament was 15.2 mm (range 12.4-18.0) compared to 9.5 mm (range 7.6-11.4) for the tibialis posterior tendon.

Conclusion:

The tibialis posterior tendon inserted into the navicular and continued onto the medial cuneiform to provide a static restraint between 2 bony insertions, thus supporting the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch.

Clinical Relevance:

We are confident that it is a structure of importance in maintaining the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch and may therefore have significant clinical and surgical implications when treating the pes planus deformity.
Identifying Preferences for Everyday Living in Home Health Care: Recommendations From an Expert Panel
Authors: Sillner Andrea Yevchak , Buck Harleah , VanHaitsma Kimberly , Behrens Liza , Abbott Katherine M.
Published: November 2018

Research needs to further understand care preferences in home health care. The present quality improvement (QI) study convened an expert panel with key stakeholders. Methods included a modified Delphi card sort to (1) rank the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI) categories from most to least important, and (2) select one PELI item from each category most relevant to the setting. The purpose was to determine which items from the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory nursing home residents (PELI-NH) were most salient to home health care. Categories selected as most important were Health Care Decision Making and Who Delivers Care. Differences were seen across item and preference categories based on stakeholder groups. Results highlight the potential for incorporating the PELI into home health care practice, and the need for additional research.
Dirt, foreignness, and surveillance: The shifting relations of domestic work in Pakistan
Authors: Zulfiqar Ghazal Mir
Published: November 2018

This article uses the site of a residential community within a gated university complex to examine a new urban wage model of domestic labor in Punjab, Pakistan. In a socio-historical context where employer–employee relations have traditionally been shaped by asymmetric reciprocal relations and kinship bonds based on class, caste, and gender hierarchies, the rise of a depersonalized wage system exposes women domestic workers to new insecurities and vulnerabilities. The findings from this ethnographic study show how notions of dirt and foreignness are employed symbolically and militarized surveillance employed in concrete terms to control worker bodies and enforce the wage model. This is enabled by spatial segregation between the intimate, feminized residential space and the private masculinized outer space encircling it within the walled complex. The women workers are, thus, caught between pre-capitalist forms of coercion and a market-based wage model. The study broadens existing scholarship on domestic work by examining domestic labor arrangements through the lens of a place-specific shifting of social and economic relations.
Leisure time and family functioning in families living with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Walton Katherine M
Published: November 2018

Family leisure can provide opportunities for both enjoyment and family growth. However, families of children with autism spectrum disorder experience multiple barriers to engaging in satisfying family leisure activities. This study surveyed parents of children with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 112) and parents of children with typical development ( n = 123) to examine relationships among family leisure involvement, leisure satisfaction, family functioning, and satisfaction with family life. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder reported a similar amount of leisure involvement as families of typically developing children. However, they reported lower leisure satisfaction, poorer family functioning, and less satisfaction with family life. Mediation models suggested that low leisure satisfaction was related to less effective family communication, which in turn led to poorer family functioning and less satisfaction with family life. Amount of time spent in leisure made relatively small contributions to predicting other family variables. These results suggest that leisure-focused interventions for families of children with autism spectrum disorder should focus on improving quality, rather than quantity, of family leisure time.
He’s frequency–amplitude formulation with average residuals for nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Ren Zhong-Fu , Hu Gui-Fang
Published: November 2018

In He’s frequency–amplitude formulation, the relationship between frequency and amplitude of a nonlinear oscillator can be obtained through residuals of two trial solutions. Although a high accurate solution can be obtained, this method has some space to be further improved. Here, we show that the calculation of the residuals can be further simplified without loss of accuracy. Duffing oscillator with high nonlinearity is used as an example to show the solution process and accuracy.
Research on chattering occurrence condition in a vibro-impact system
Authors: Du Yanchen , Zhang Gang
Published: November 2018

Chattering in the impact damper refers to a continuous impact phenomenon during vibration. This paper establishes the dynamic model of the nonfixed constrained vibro-impact system on the base of classical impact damper. The chattering occurrence in the low frequency range is studied by numerical simulation. The results show the frequency ratio and clearance significantly affect the system’s chatter behavior: (1) Chattering is prone to occur in the low frequency range. As the frequency ratio decreases, the number of unilateral continuous impacts between the primary system and the small ball (the free mass) increases from one impact to multiple impacts, and a viscosity behavior appears under the condition of low frequency ratio. (2) Small clearance is prone to chattering. With the increase of the clearance, the frequency ratio range of the chattering in the system decreases. When the clearance exceeds a certain critical value, the system will not experience chattering behavior.
Optimal pile design of dolphin structure considering axial compressive pressure-bending moment ratio under offshore load conditions
Authors: Shao Hailong , Lee Jongsoo
Published: November 2018

This study proposes an optimal design of a dolphin structure under offshore load conditions such as berthing, mooring, wind, wave, and current loads. The design objective is to reduce the total weight of the pile structure by determining its diameter, thickness, and arraying direction with constraints of axial compressive pressure-bending moment ratio and total displacement. As design requirements, the stress has to be satisfied under the allowable compressive pressure-bending moment, and the total displacement of the steel piles should be less than 0.1 m on the upper deck. The structural analysis data are generated using Box–Behnken design based on the design of experiments. In the meta-model-based approximate optimization process, the pressure-bending moment ratio and total displacement are expressed using a backpropagation neural network, and the structural weight of the pile is approximated via a second-order polynomial-based response surface model. Compared with the initial design, the optimal solution of the total weight of the steel piles reduces by 27.37% under the satisfied constraint conditions. For the post-optimization study, the optimal sensitivity analysis with respect to the seabed level is conducted.
Resilience, Academic Self-Concept, and College Adjustment Among First-Year Students
Authors: Haktanir Abdulkadir , Watson Joshua C. , Ermis-Demirtas Hulya , Karaman Mehmet A. , Freeman Paula D. , Kumaran Ajitha , Streeter Ashley
Published: November 2018

In this study, we examined the association between resilience, academic self-concept, and first-year student adjustment to college using data collected from 514 first-year undergraduate students enrolled at a medium-size, Hispanic-serving university in the southern United States. Utilizing a simultaneous multiple regression analysis, we found resilience and academic self-concept to be significant positive predictors of college adjustment for first-year students. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions for college counselors and student affairs professionals working to support students’ positive adjustment experiences.
A Narrative Analysis Examining Influential Factors of a Minority Research and Training Program
Authors: Burton Gretchen S. , Vicente Maria da Graça H.
Published: November 2018

The implementation of minority research and training programs at the postsecondary level has risen to close the educational achievement gap and generate a highly skilled and diverse science workforce. Numerous studies identify interventions influencing positive outcomes among minority research and training participants achieving graduate degrees. However, many of these studies utilize quantitative methods. To capture student voices and rich descriptive experiences, this study utilized a multiple case study featuring a narrative approach. Cross-case analysis identified four factors influencing matriculation into advanced degree programs: belonging and inclusion, peer mentoring, confidence as a scientist, and family influence. Findings from this study expand the current body of knowledge and provide implications for practice to better serve underrepresented students in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines.
Participant-Driven Health Education Workshops With Men Transitioning From Prison to Community
Authors: McLeod Katherine E. , Bergen Cara , Roth Kate , Latimer Catherine , Hanberg Debra , Stitilis Blake , Buxton Jane A. , Fels Lynn , Oliffe John L. , Myers Nicole , Leggo Carl , Martin Ruth Elwood
Published: November 2018

As part of a participatory health research project seeking to support men in achieving their health goals during the transition from prison to community, a workshop program was developed and piloted in a Community Residential Facility in British Columbia, Canada. The pilot program was evaluated through feedback surveys at each of the 16 workshops and a focus group interview at the end of the program. Workshops were highly valued by participants and seen as a means for (1) building skills relevant to their health and wellness, (2) working toward changing attitudes and behaviors adopted in prison, and (3) helping others and accepting help from others. Similar programs may be an effective support for men working to achieve their health goals during other transitions (e.g., bereavement, cancer patients, returning soldiers, and veterans).
Amputation-Free Survival in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Arterial Disease With Heel Ulcer: Open Versus Endovascular Surgery
Authors: Butt Talha , Lilja Erika , Örneholm Hedvig , Apelqvist Jan , Gottsäter Anders , Eneroth Magnus , Acosta Stefan
Published: November 2018

Background:

Heel ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are hard to heal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference in amputation-free survival (AFS) between open and endovascular revascularization in patients with DM, PAD, and heel ulcers.

Methods:

Retrospective comparative study of results of open versus endovascular surgery in patients with DM, PAD, and heel ulcer presented at the multidisciplinary diabetes foot clinic between 1983 and 2013.

Results:

Patients with heel ulcers were treated with endovascular intervention (n = 97) and open vascular surgery (n = 30). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the AFS was higher in patients undergoing open vascular surgery compared to the endovascular group ( P = .009). Multivariate analysis showed that open vascular surgery versus endovascular therapy (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.9; P = .025) was an independent factor associated with higher AFS. The proportion of patients undergoing endovascular therapy in the former (1983-2000) time period was 47% compared to 89% in the latter (2001-2013) time period ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The AFS was higher after open than endovascular surgery among patients with DM and PAD with heel ulcer. These results suggest that open vascular surgery should be offered more often as opposed to current practice.