bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plane waves in anisotropic elastic–plastic material with voids
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Tomar Sushil Kumar
Published: December 2020

Dispersion equation is derived for the propagation of one-dimensional plane waves in a general linear anisotropic isothermal elastic–plastic material with voids. The plasticity of the considered material is defined through the dislocation of a single slip plane and direction. The derived dispersion equation is then reduced for the relevant wave propagation in particular media, namely, monoclinic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic, and isotropic elastic–plastic material with voids. In general, it is found that there exist four basic waves traveling with distinct speeds in these specific anisotropic elastic–plastic materials with voids. A new wave is found to appear because of the presence of plasticity in the material. Out of the four basic waves traveling in an orthotropic/transversely isotropic material with voids, a wave travels independent of plasticity and void parameters, whereas the remaining three waves depend on plasticity as well as on the presence of voids. The one which is traveling independent of plasticity and voids is nondispersive and nonattenuating, whereas the other waves are dispersive in nature. The speeds of all the existing waves are computed numerically for a specific model, displayed graphically, and discussed.
Numerical simulation of characteristics of wave propagation and reflection coefficient in a helix-acoustic black hole
Authors: Kim Sun-Yong , Lee Dooho
Published: December 2020

A new type of the acoustic black hole beam—a helix-acoustic black hole—is proposed to overcome the spatial restriction on modular acoustic black hole structures. The modular acoustic black hole structure, consisted of a base and several number of acoustic black hole beams, has potential to apply into real engineering world. There are two main sections in an acoustic black hole beam: (1) a uniform thickness part and (2) an acoustic black hole region of which the thickness decreases according to the power-law profile. Conventional acoustic black hole beams can be ultimately assembled as 8–10 acoustic black hole beams on a modular acoustic black hole structure. In this article, a different shape of an acoustic black hole beam is newly designed to allow the assembly of more acoustic black hole beams on the modular acoustic black hole structure. The shape of the helix-acoustic black hole is such that the thickness of the acoustic black hole region smoothly decreases, just like a conventional acoustic black hole beam, as well as twisting along the longitudinal direction. The normal direction of the bottom surface in the uniform thickness is the same along the longitudinal axis in the conventional acoustic black hole beam. However, the normal direction of the helix-acoustic black hole of the bottom surface in the acoustic black hole region is different along the longitudinal direction. It is necessary to use numerical simulations to explore the performance of the helix-acoustic black hole beam because the shape of acoustic black hole region is different from the conventional one. Two types of numerical simulations were conducted: transient analysis and modal frequency analysis. From the transient analysis, the acoustic black hole effect was investigated by comparing the travel time which is dependent on the variation of the thickness. Using modal frequency analysis, the reflection coefficients between the conventional acoustic black hole beam and helix-acoustic black hole beam are also compared. It is noted that reflection coefficients were additionally compared depending on how “sharply” or “smoothly” they were twisted in the acoustic black hole region of the helix-acoustic black hole. Those results demonstrate that the helix-acoustic black hole has a dynamic characteristic similar to that of conventional acoustic black hole beams, which means that more helix-acoustic black holes can be assembled on the modular acoustic black hole structure by resolving the spatial restriction and leading to expectations of better performance.
Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid after haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Japanese recipients
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuki , Saito Yoshitaka , Takekuma Yoh , Sugita Junichi , Teshima Takanori , Sugawara Mitsuru
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a mycophenolic acid (MPA) prodrug, is used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although previous studies have reported that enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of MPA, which is usually observed in MMF-treated patients, does not occur in HSCT patients, it is unclear what happens in haploidentical–HSCT (haplo-HSCT) patients, who are using post-transplant cyclophosphamide. This study was conducted to investigate MPA pharmacokinetics in haplo-HSCT patients.

Methods

Seventeen haplo-HSCT patients, who received MMF for GVHD prophylaxis, were enrolled in this study. We collected blood samples on days 14 and 28, and plasma MPA concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography; pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent oral clearance (CL/F) were measured with moment analysis. We also evaluated EHC as AUC6-12h/AUC0-12h.

Results

There was no significant difference in MPA pharmacokinetic parameters between days 14 and 28. There was also no difference between the pharmacokinetic parameter changes and diarrhea. Additionally, varying plasma MPA concentrations suggested that MPA EHC did not occur.

Conclusion

In this study, we revealed the pharmacokinetics of MMF in Japanese haplo-HSCT recipients. Additionally, our study demonstrated that MPA EHC might not occur in Japanese haplo-HSCT recipients.
Evidence-Based Practice: Implementing Trauma-Informed Care of Children and Adolescents in the Inpatient Psychiatric Setting
Authors: Hale Renae , Wendler M. Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

At our inpatient psychiatric hospital, which cares for children and adolescents, internal data of use of seclusions and holds as crisis interventions for immediate behavioral health issues demonstrated that we were using these too often.

Aims:

Benchmarking indicated that we were at the 75% in use of these measures, and it became an organizational goal to reduce the use of these strategies in order to reduce the risk of retraumatization to an already traumatized child.

Methods:

We used the Iowa Model for Evidence Based Practice–Revised to initiate an evidence-based practice project introducing and hardwiring Trauma Informed Care to the staff and institution. This involved implementing six core strategies specifically designed to reduce the use of crisis interventions.

Results:

Data obtained at 6 months revealed a 40% reduction in the use of holds and seclusions, and at 12 months, this change was sustained and even improved, reducing the use of these approaches by another 9%. Furthermore, the culture in the institution was changed, and Trauma Informed Care became the norm.

Conclusions:

Evidence-based practice is a viable approach to change the culture and improve patient outcomes in inpatient psychiatric care of children and adolescents. Further investigation is warranted to determine the specific patient and staff experiences of being cared for, and caring within, the context of trauma-informed care.
Hemodynamic impact of VASQ device in vascular access creation
Authors: Palumbo Roberto , Dominijanni Sara , Centi Alessia , D’Urso Gabriele , Tatangelo Paola , Floccari Fulvio , Smedile Gianluca , Niscola Pasquale , Londrino Francesco , Di Daniele Nicola
Published: December 2020

Background:

Native arteriovenous fistula is the preferred vascular access in term of functionality, efficiency and complication rate. Nevertheless, research continues to seek strategies to reduce the risk of neointimal hyperplasia and hemodynamic modification. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on hemodynamic of the VasQ device in arteriovenous fistulae creation.

Methods:

The analysis included patients who underwent to fistula creation with or without implantation of the VasQ device between May and September 2019. The hemodynamic parameters were evaluated pre-operatively and at a follow-up of 1, 3, 6 months. The patency and complication rate were evaluated.

Results:

Fifteen VasQ devices were implanted during 30 arteriovenous fistula surgery. The baseline patients features were similar between groups (VasQ treated/control). At baseline, preoperative arterial flow was similar; radial artery diameter at surgical site was 3.4 ± 0.8 mm in treated and 2.8 ± 0.5 mm in the control group. The mean arterial flow at 1 month was 480 ± 210 mL/min in treated and 561 ± 27 mL/min in the control group. At 3 months the mean arterial flow in treated was 645 ± 143 mL/min versus 824 ± 211 mL/min ( p = 0.02) in the control group; at 6 months the arterial flow was 714 ± 146 mL/min versus 810 ± 194 mL/min ( p = 0.05) in control group. The cardiac output flow at 6 months in the treated group was 4458 ± 928 mL/min versus 5599 ± 1355 mL/min ( p = 0.05) in the control group. At 6 months the primary patency was 73% and 80% and the secondary patency 80% and 86% in treated compared to the control group, respectively. No VASQ device complications were recorded.

Conclusion:

The analysis of these data suggested that using VasQ device could be protective against the hemodynamic modification that occur during arteriovenous fistulae creation.
Factors Influencing Physical Activity in Cancer Patients During Oncological Treatments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Avancini Alice , Tregnago Daniela , Rigatti Laura , Sartori Giulia , Yang Lin , Trestini Ilaria , Bonaiuto Clelia , Milella Michele , Pilotto Sara , Lanza Massimo
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Although the literature supports the importance of physical activity in the oncological context, in Italy a large number of patients are not sufficiently active.

Methods:

The present study aimed to explore factors influencing an active lifestyle in cancer patients during oncological treatments. Semi-structured focus groups, including 18 patients with different cancer types, were conducted at the Oncology Unit in the University Hospital Trust of Verona (Italy). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with content analysis.

Results:

According to the Health Belief Model, transcripts were categorized into the following themes: benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Patients reported a series of physical, physiological, and psychological benefits deriving from an active lifestyle. The main barriers hampering the physical activity participation were represented by treatment-related side effects, advanced disease, and some medical procedures, for example, ileostomy. Several strategies that can trigger patients to exercise were identified. Medical advice, social support from family and friends, features such as enjoyment, setting goals, and owning an animal can motivate patients to perform physical activity. At the same time, an individualized program based on patients’ characteristics, an available physical activity specialist to consult, more detailed information regarding physical activity in the oncological setting, and having accessible structures were found important facilitators to implementing active behavior.

Conclusions:

Overall, patients have a positive view regarding physical activity, and a variety of obstacles and cues to action were recognized. Considering this information may help to improve adherence to a physical activity program over time, consequently increasing the expected benefits.
Constructing a summary index using the standardized inverse-covariance weighted average of indicators
Authors: Schwab Benjamin , Janzen Sarah , Magnan Nicholas P. , Thompson William M.
Published: December 2020

Researchers often want to examine the relationship between a variable of interest and multiple related outcomes. To avoid problems of inference that arise from testing multiple hypotheses, one can create a summary index of the outcomes. Summary indices facilitate generalizing findings and can be more powerful than individual tests. In this article, we introduce a command, swindex, that implements the generalized least-squares method of index construction proposed by Anderson (2008, Journal of the American Statistical Association 103: 1481–1495). We describe the command and its options and provide an example based on Blattman, Fiala, and Martinez’s (2014, Quarterly Journal of Economics 129: 697–752) evaluation of a cash transfer program in Uganda.
Clinical and Biological Markers Predict the Efficacy of Glucocorticoid- and Macrolide-Based Postoperative Therapy in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zeng Ming , Wang Heng , Liao Bo , Wang Hai , Long Xiao-Bo , Ma Jin , Liu Jin-Xin , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2020

Background

Although subsequent anti-inflammatory treatments are indispensable for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing sinus surgery, few studies have explored the factors influencing the efficacy of postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment.

Objective

We aimed to develop prediction models for the response to glucocorticoid- and macrolide-based postoperative therapy in CRS patients.

Methods

We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previous study comparing the efficacy of fluticasone propionate and clarithromycin in the postoperative treatment of CRS patients. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome information were collected. In addition, diseased sinonasal mucosal tissues obtained during surgery were processed for Bio-Plex analysis of protein levels of 34 biomarkers. Classification trees were built to predict refractory CRS based on clinical characteristics and biological markers for patients treated with fluticasone propionate or clarithromycin. A random forest algorithm was used to confirm the discriminating factors that formed the classification trees.

Results

One year after surgery, 22.7% of the patients (17/75) treated with fluticasone propionate, and 24.3% of those (18/74) treated with clarithromycin were diagnosed with refractory CRS. Nasal tissue IL-8 and IgG3 levels and headache VAS scores in the fluticasone propionate group, and nasal tissue IgG4 levels and overall burden of symptoms VAS scores in the clarithromycin group, were identified as discriminating factors forming the classification tree to predict refractory CRS. The overall predictive accuracy of the model was 89.3% and 87.8% for fluticasone propionate- and clarithromycin-based postsurgical treatment, respectively.

Conclusions

Classification trees built using clinical and biological parameters could be helpful in identifying patients with poor response to fluticasone propionate- and clarithromycin-based postoperative treatment.
A presentation of ovarian fibrothecoma in a middle-aged female with recurrent massive ascites and postmenopausal bleeding: A case report
Authors: Elsharoud Amro , Brakta Soumia , Elhusseini Heba , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: December 2020

Fibrothecomas are mostly benign ovarian tumors. We describe a rare case of fibrothecoma in a 59-year-old woman with a history of recurrent massive ascites and postmenopausal bleeding. Over 2 years she has undergone more than 50 paracenteses with 8–11 L withdrawn each time. She presented with a newly diagnosed pelvic mass and bilateral hydrosalpinges demonstrated on ultrasound and were confirmed with computed tomography. The pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a large complex cystic mass arising from the left ovary measuring 16.6 × 12.1 × 8.6 cm3 with an area of irregular mural enhancement. The patient underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy with benign frozen section results. The final pathology was consistent with cystic degeneration of fibrothecoma
Influence of ZrO2 nano particles on the behavior of mechanical and tribological properties of the AA7075 composite
Authors: Reddy MS Prashanth , Raju HP , Banapurmath Nagaraj R , Meti Vinod Kumar V
Published: December 2020

A well-known AA7075 alloy used for most of the structural, aerospace, and automobile applications due to its excellent properties such as high strength, corrosion-resistant, and low density. To encourage industrialists, the physical and mechanical properties of the composite has to improve by reinforcing hard ceramic particles. In this investigation varying wt.% of hard ZrO2 (zirconium dioxide) particles (0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 wt.%) are reinforced in AA7075 matrix alloy to form a composite. Motorized stir casting technique induced to distribute reinforcement particles homogeneously. The SEM micrographs reveal that uniform distribution of ZrO2 particles can be achieved after inducing motorized stir casting technique into the molten composite. The experimental test results revealed that the addition of ZrO2 particles enhanced the hardness and tensile strength of the AA7075/ZrO2 composite as compared to base matrix material. Among all composites, AA7075/1.5ZrO2 show higher hardness and strength.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote fibrous vascular occlusions in chronic thrombosis
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Hofbauer Thomas M. , Ondracek Anna S. , Chausheva Stella , Alimohammadi Arman , Artner Tyler , Panzenboeck Adelheid , Rinderer Johanna , Shafran Inbal , Mangold Andreas , Winker Robert , Wohlschläger-Krenn Evelyne , Moser Bernhard , Taghavi Shahrokh , Klepetko Walter , Preissner Klaus T. , Lang Irene M.
Published: December 2020

Acute pulmonary embolism generally resolves within 6 months. However, if the thrombus is infected, venous thrombi transform into fibrotic vascular obstructions leading to chronic deep vein thrombosis and/or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but precise mechanisms remain unclear. Neutrophils are crucial in sequestering pathogens; therefore, we investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in chronic thrombosis. Because chronic pulmonary thrombotic obstructions are biologically identical to chronic deep venous thrombi, the murine inferior vena cava ligation model was used to study the transformation of acute to chronic thrombus. Mice with staphylococcal infection presented with larger thrombi containing more neutrophils and NETs but less resolution. Targeting NETs with DNase1 diminished fibrosis and promoted thrombus resolution. For translational studies in humans, we focused on patients with CTEPH, a severe type of deep venous and pulmonary artery fibrotic obstruction after thrombosis. Neutrophils, markers of neutrophil activation, and NET formation were increased in CTEPH patients. NETs promoted the differentiation of monocytes to activated fibroblasts with the same cellular phenotype as fibroblasts from CTEPH vascular occlusions. RNA sequencing of fibroblasts isolated from thrombo-endarterectomy specimens and pulmonary artery biopsies revealed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as the central regulator, a phenotype which was replicated in mice with fibroblast-specific TGF-β overactivity. Our findings uncover a role of neutrophil-mediated inflammation to enhance TGF-β signaling, which leads to fibrotic thrombus remodeling. Targeting thrombus NETs with DNases may serve as a new therapeutic concept to treat thrombosis and prevent its sequelae.
Mammalian VPS45 orchestrates trafficking through the endosomal system
Authors: Frey Laura , Ziętara Natalia , Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Marquardt Benjamin , Mizoguchi Yoko , Linder Monika I. , Liu Yanshan , Giesert Florian , Wurst Wolfgang , Dahlhoff Maik , Schneider Marlon R. , Wolf Eckhard , Somech Raz , Klein Christoph
Published: December 2020

Vacuolar protein sorting 45 homolog (VPS45), a member of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) family, has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal trafficking. VPS45 deficiency in human patients results in congenital neutropenia, bone marrow fibrosis, and extramedullary renal hematopoiesis. Detailed mechanisms of the VPS45 function are unknown. Here, we show an essential role of mammalian VPS45 in maintaining the intracellular organization of endolysosomal vesicles and promoting recycling of cell-surface receptors. Loss of VPS45 causes defective Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion resulting in trapping of cargos in early endosomes and impaired delivery to lysosomes. In this context, we demonstrate aberrant trafficking of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in the absence of VPS45. Furthermore, we find that lack of VPS45 in mice is not compatible with embryonic development. Thus, we identify mammalian VPS45 as a critical regulator of trafficking through the endosomal system and early embryogenesis of mice.
Association between ABO haplotypes and the risk of venous thrombosis: impact on disease risk estimation
Authors: Goumidi Louisa , Thibord Florian , Wiggins Kerri L. , Li-Gao Ruifang , Brown Mickael R. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Souto Joan-Carles , Soria José-Manuel , Ibrahim-Kosta Manal , Saut Noémie , Daian Delphine , Olaso Robert , Amouyel Philippe , Debette Stéphanie , Boland Anne , Bailly Pascal , Morrison Alanna C. , Mook-Kanamori Denis O. , Deleuze Jean-François , Johnson Andrew , de Vries Paul S. , Sabater-Lleal Maria , Chiaroni Jacques , Smith Nicholas L. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Chasman Daniel I. , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Genetic risk score (GRS) analysis is a popular approach to derive individual risk prediction models for complex diseases. In venous thrombosis (VT), such type of analysis shall integrate information at the ABO blood group locus, which is one of the major susceptibility loci. However, there is no consensus about which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) must be investigated when properly assessing association between ABO locus and VT risk. Using comprehensive haplotype analyses of ABO blood group tagging SNPs in 5425 cases and 8445 controls from 6 studies, we demonstrate that using only rs8176719 (tagging O1) to correctly assess the impact of ABO locus on VT risk is suboptimal, because 5% of rs8176719-delG carriers do not have an increased risk of developing VT. Instead, we recommend the use of 4 SNPs, rs2519093 (tagging A1), rs1053878 (A2), rs8176743 (B), and rs41302905 (O2), when assessing the impact of ABO locus on VT risk to avoid any risk misestimation. Compared with the O1 haplotype, the A2 haplotype is associated with a modest increase in VT risk (odds ratio, ∼1.2), the A1 and B haplotypes are associated with an ∼1.8-fold increased risk, whereas the O2 haplotype tends to be slightly protective (odds ratio, ∼0.80). In addition, although the A1 and B blood groups are associated with increased von Willebrand factor and factor VIII plasma levels, only the A1 blood group is associated with ICAM levels, but in an opposite direction, leaving additional avenues to be explored to fully understand the spectrum of biological effects mediated by ABO locus on cardiovascular traits.
Effects of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: a cohort study
Authors: Vu Christine A. , DeRonde Kailynn J. , Vega Ana D. , Maxam Meshell , Holt Gregory , Natori Yoichiro , Zamora Jose Gonzales , Salazar Veronica , Boatwright Renata , Morris Stephen R. , de Lima Corvino Daniela , Betances Anmary Fernandez , Colucci Leah , Keegan James , Lopez Andy , Rezk Andrew Hany , Rodriguez Yvette , Moraru Gabriela M. , Doblecki Susanne , De La Zerda David J. , Abbo Lilian M.
Published: December 2020

Background

Due to the lack of proven therapies, we evaluated the effects of early administration of tocilizumab for COVID-19. By inhibition of the IL-6 receptor, tocilizumab may help to mitigate the hyperinflammatory response associated with progressive respiratory failure from SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was conducted on hospitalized adults who received intravenous tocilizumab for COVID-19 between March 23, 2020 and April 10, 2020.

Results

Most patients were male (66.7%), Hispanic (63.3%) or Black (23.3%), with a median age of 54 years. Tocilizumab was administered at a median of 8 days (range 1–21) after initial symptoms and 2 days (range 0–12) after hospital admission. Within 30 days from receiving tocilizumab, 36 patients (60.0%) demonstrated clinical improvement, 9 (15.0%) died, 33 (55.0%) were discharged alive, and 18 (30.0%) remained hospitalized. Successful extubation occurred in 13 out of 29 patients (44.8%). Infectious complications occurred in 16 patients (26.7%) at a median of 10.5 days. After tocilizumab was administered, there was a slight increase in PaO2/FiO2and an initial reduction in CRP, but this effect was not sustained beyond day 10.

Conclusions

Majority of patients demonstrated clinical improvement and were successfully discharged alive from the hospital after receiving tocilizumab. We observed a rebound effect with CRP, which may suggest the need for higher or subsequent doses to adequately manage cytokine storm. Based on our findings, we believe that tocilizumab may have a role in the early treatment of COVID-19, however larger randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm this.
Correction to: Safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended-release in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label, long-term, phase 3 extension study
Authors: Iwanami Akira , Saito Kazuhiko , Fujiwara Masakazu , Okutsu Daiki , Ichikawa Hironobu
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: “Availability of healthcare providers for rural veterans eligible for purchased care under the veterans choice act”
Authors: Ohl Michael E. , Carrell Margaret , Thurman Andrew , Weg Mark Vander , Hudson Teresa , Mengeling Michelle , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
CAFs affect the proliferation and treatment response of head and neck cancer spheroids during co-culturing in a unique in vitro model
Authors: Magan Mustafa , Wiechec Emilia , Roberg Karin
Published: December 2020

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors for which the overall survival rate worldwide is around 60%. The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is believed to affect the treatment response and migration of HNSCC. The aim of this study was to create a biologically relevant HNSCC in vitro model consisting of both tumor cells and CAFs cultured in 3D to establish predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as to investigate the impact of CAFs on phenotype, proliferation and treatment response in HNSCC cells.

Methods

Three different HNSCC patient-derived tumor cell lines were cultured with and without CAFs in a 3D model. Immunohistochemistry of the proliferation marker Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibronectin and a TUNEL-assay were performed to analyze the effect of CAFs on both tumor cell proliferation and response to cisplatin and cetuximab treatment in tumor spheroids (3D). mRNA expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells markers were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results

The results demonstrated increased cell proliferation within the tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. In spheroids with increased expression of EGFR, a potentiated response to cetuximab treatment was observed. Surprisingly, an increase in Ki67 expressing tumor cells were observed in spheroids treated with cisplatin for 3 days, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. Furthermore, tumor cells co-cultured with CAFs presented an increased EMT phenotype compared to tumor cells cultured alone in 3D.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results reveal increased cell proliferation and elevated expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs. These results, together with the altered EMT phenotype, may influence the response to cetuximab or cisplatin treatment.
Correction to: The long non-coding RNA TUG1 indicates a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer and promotes metastasis by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Ding Chaohui , Yang Zhen , Liu Tao , Zhang Xiefu , Zhao Chunlin , Wang Jiaxiang
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among adult males in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Zeleke Tadele Amare
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Amy Bailey, Black Ladyhood, and 1950s Jamaica
Authors: Lindsay Keisha
Published: December 2020

This essay explores how and with what effect Amy Bailey, a teacher, women’s rights activist, and public intellectual, cofounded the Housecraft Training Centre to educate working-class Jamaican women in cooking, cleaning, childcare, and other “domestic sciences.” Newspaper articles, unpublished interviews, and other texts reveal that Bailey used the center to articulate a vision of working-class black ladyhood that advanced black women’s sense of racial dignity by valorizing elitist, patriarchal narratives at work in 1950s Jamaica. In doing so, Bailey ultimately fostered, as well as stymied, the possibility that Jamaica would come to realize what its national ethos professed—that it was an increasingly plural, prosperous, and egalitarian state well positioned for political independence from Britain.
Through Archie Lindo’s Lens
Authors: Lawrence O’Neil
Published: December 2020

The “creation” of Jamaican national identity owed much to the artistic movement that preceded and followed independence in 1962. While depictions of the peasantry, particularly male laborers, have become iconic representations of “true” Jamaicans, the scholarship surrounding these works has conspicuously ignored any erotic potential inherent in them. Using the contemporaneous, mostly private homoerotic photographic archive of Archie Lindo as a point of entry, this essay questions and complicates the narrative surrounding nationalist-era art in Jamaica, particularly the ways the black male body was mobilized in the development of Jamaican art and visual culture.
Strategy for the Formation of an Organizational and Technological Model of the Regional Olympiad Environment in the General Education System
Authors: Tsvetkova Marina , Abaturova Valentina
Published: December 2020

The article describes the problem of the current state of the all-Russian school Olympiad: the formation of the available Olympiad environment to support gifted children with maximum coverage of students the school stage of the national Olympiad in all subjects in all schools in the country.

The authors present an infrastructure of organizational and technological model Olympiad environment in the region as a network of the Olympics municipal center in each municipality of the region not only to stage the events of the Olympics, but systematic training of students and teachers to the all-Russian school Olympiad.
Relaciones entre redes sociales y recursos digitales de instrucción en la universidad: comparativa España – Colombia
Authors: Matosas López Luis , Luzardo-Briceño Marianela , Aguilar-Jiménez Alba-Soraya , Jaimes-Carrillo Ludym
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo analiza la influencia que los patrones de uso en las redes sociales de referencia (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram) tienen a la hora de predecir la utilidad percibida por el universitario en un listado de recursos educativos digitales (vídeo tutoriales, foros, podcasts, test auto evaluables, blogs o eBooks entre otros). Los autores abordan además esta tarea adoptando un enfoque comparativo examinando el fenómeno objeto de estudio en dos muestras de estudiantes en España y Colombia. El estudio, desarrollado mediante encuesta sobre una muestra de 549 participantes, emplea técnicas de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio (AFE y AFC), análisis univariado y regresión logística ordinal. Los resultados revelan que, si bien existen asociaciones entre los patrones de uso de redes sociales y la utilidad percibida en ciertos recursos educativos digitales, e incluso, se pueden detectar modelos de estimación óptimos en algunos casos; el uso de estas plataformas tiene escasa capacidad predictiva a la hora de determinar la importancia que el universitario otorga a los recursos educativos digitales de interés en ambos países.
The challenges of getting older as an individual with a heart condition
Authors: Greenaway Beth
Published: December 2020

In this month's patient story, Beth Greenaway discusses the experience of ageing as an individual with a cardiac condition and how this can complicate both symptom management and general wellbeing.
Bitesized Teaching: educational futures for mental health training
Authors: Thompson Sam , Bartram Robert , Sweeney Tom , Dias Ryan , Scaife Clair , Nicholls Thomas , Reid-Roberts Joanne , Reeve Claire
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims

Bitesized Teaching is an initiative that has worked successfully in Yorkshire and Derbyshire Mental Health Services for the last 5 years. It traditionally involves the delivery of high-impact, 10-minute tutorials on physical health topics, which take place once a week in the ward lunchtime handover period. This study evaluates an extension to the Bitesized Teaching scheme that incorporates delivering mental health-focused teaching topics to clinical staff on medical wards.

Methods

Bitesized Teaching was delivered by a mental health liaison team to medical ward staff with three rolling sessions in an hour. To monitor the improvement in knowledge, a pre and post 1–5 Likert scale questionnaire was used.

Results

The data showed that the knowledge from nursing staff improved on every topic. The topics ‘psychosis’ and ‘talking to people with psychosis’ had the greatest level of improvement in knowledge. Although the data reported a trend of increased knowledge, further analysis would need to explore the relevance the teaching topics had on clinical practice.

Conclusions

The results outline the need for general and paediatric nursing staff to receive specific mental health training with the intention to improve treatment outcome and wellbeing to patients admitted to hospital for acute medical care.
Should concurrent viral (including COVID-19) or bacterial infections be treated before performing surgery for hip fracture?
Authors: Guerado Enrique , Cano Juan Ramon , Pons-Palliser Joana
Published: December 2020

Aims

A systematic literature review focusing on how long before surgery concurrent viral or bacterial infections (respiratory and urinary infections) should be treated in hip fracture patients, and if there is evidence for delaying this surgery.

Methods

A total of 11 databases were examined using the COre, Standard, Ideal (COSI) protocol. Bibliographic searches (no chronological or linguistic restriction) were conducted using, among other methods, the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) template. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for flow diagram and checklist. Final reading of the complete texts was conducted in English, French, and Spanish. Classification of papers was completed within five levels of evidence (LE).

Results

There were a total of 621 hits (526 COre; 95 Standard, Ideal) for screening identification, and 107 records were screened. Overall 67 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 21 articles were included for the study question. A total of 46 full-text articles were excluded with reasons. No studies could be included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses), and there were many confounding variables including surgeons’ experience, prosthesis models used, and surgical technique.

Conclusion

Patients with hip fracture and with a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract or without major clinical symptoms should be operated on as soon as possible (LE: I-III). There is no evidence that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be treated differently. In relation to pneumonia, its prevention is a major issue. Antibiotics should be administered if surgery is delayed by > 72 hours or if bacterial infection is present in the lower respiratory tract (LE: III-V). In patients with hip fracture and urinary tract infection (UTI), delaying surgery may provoke further complications (LE: I). However, diabetic or immunocompromised patients may benefit from immediate antibiotic treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):884–893.
649. Ciudad postindustrial y dinámicas socio-residenciales en España: un análisis comparativo de cinco metrópolis
Authors: Porcel López Sergio , Antón Alonso Fernando
Published: December 2020

El debate sobre los efectos socio-residenciales de la globalización y la desindustrialización en las grandes ciudades ha marcado desde los años 90 la producción científica en torno a la estructuración socio-residencial urbana. Esta investigación parte del modelo teórico Quartered City, surgido en ese debate, para estudiar la evolución de las principales metrópolis españolas. Los objetivos son constatar si la estructura socio-residencial se está fragmentando y polarizando cada vez más y si estos procesos están asociados a factores vinculados con la desindustrialización y la globalización. En la misma línea, también se analiza la incidencia de otros factores demográficos y geográficos y del impacto de la crisis. Los resultados avalan la capacidad explicativa de este modelo teórico en el contexto español, confirmando un aumento de la fragmentación urbana y de la polarización socio-residencial en la mayoría de metrópolis estudiadas.
Ultrafast intermodal third harmonic generation in a liquid core step-index fiber filled with C2Cl4: erratum
Authors: Schaarschmidt Kay , Kobelke Jens , Nolte Stefan , Meyer Tobias , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: December 2020

We provide a correction due to an erroneous repetition rate of one of the laser systems (90 fs pulse duration) in our previously published paper [Opt. Express 28, 25037 (2020)10.1364/OE.399771].
Single-cell transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells during primordial follicle assembly in mice
Authors: Wang Jun-Jie , Ge Wei , Zhai Qiu-Yue , Liu Jing-Cai , Sun Xiao-Wen , Liu Wen-Xiang , Li Lan , Lei Chu-Zhao , Dyce Paul W. , De Felici Massimo , Shen Wei
Published: December 2020

Primordial follicle assembly in the mouse occurs during perinatal ages and largely determines the ovarian reserve that will be available to support the reproductive life span. The development of primordial follicles is controlled by a complex network of interactions between oocytes and ovarian somatic cells that remain poorly understood. In the present research, using single-cell RNA sequencing performed over a time series on murine ovaries, coupled with several bioinformatics analyses, the complete dynamic genetic programs of germ and granulosa cells from E16.5 to postnatal day (PD) 3 were reported. Along with confirming the previously reported expression of genes by germ cells and granulosa cells, our analyses identified 5 distinct cell clusters associated with germ cells and 6 with granulosa cells. Consequently, several new genes expressed at significant levels at each investigated stage were assigned. By building single-cell pseudotemporal trajectories, 3 states and 1 branch point of fate transition for the germ cells were revealed, as well as for the granulosa cells. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment enabled identification of the biological process most represented in germ cells and granulosa cells or common to both cell types at each specific stage, and the interactions of germ cells and granulosa cells basing on known and novel pathway were presented. Finally, by using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm, we were able to establish a network of regulons that can be postulated as likely candidates for sustaining germ cell-specific transcription programs throughout the period of investigation. Above all, this study provides the whole transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells and unearths new insights during primordial follicle assembly in mice.
A scabies outbreak in the North East Region of Ghana: The necessity for prompt intervention
Authors: Amoako Yaw Ampem , Phillips Richard Odame , Arthur Joshua , Abugri Mark Ayaaba , Akowuah Emmanuel , Amoako Kwabena Oppong , Marfo Benjamin Aboagye , Frimpong Michael , van der Werf Tjip , Ravensbergen Sofanne Jacobine , Stienstra Ymkje
Published: December 2020

Background

There is a dearth of data on scabies from Ghana. In September 2019, local health authorities in the East Mamprusi district of northern Ghana received reports of scabies from many parts of the district. Due to on-going reports of more cases, an assessment team visited the communities to assess the effect of the earlier individual treatment on the outbreak. The assessment team furthermore aimed to contribute to the data on scabies burden in Ghana and to demonstrate the use of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic tool in a field survey in a resource limited setting.

Methodology/Principal findings

This was a cross sectional study. Demographic information and medical history was collected on all participants using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants. Scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). Participants were mostly female (61.5%) and had a median age of 18.8 years (IQR 13–25). Two hundred out of 283 (71%) of participants had scabies with most (47%) presenting with moderate disease. Impetigo was found in 22% of participants with scabies and 10.8% of those without scabies [RR 2.27 (95% CI 1.21–4.27)]. 119 participants who received scabies treatment in the past months still had clinical evidence of the disease. 97% of participants reported a recent scabies contact. Scabies was commoner in participants ≤16 years compared to those >16 years [RR 3.06 (95% CI 1.73–5.45)].

Conclusion/Significance

The prevalence of scabies was extremely high. The lack of a systematic approach to scabies treatment led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The IACS criteria was useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks early in such settings.
Practice-based analysis of direct posterior dental restorations performed in a public health service: Retrospective long-term survival in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Pereira Renata Afonso , da Silva Gisele Rodrigues , Barcelos Luciana Mendes , Cavalcanti Karoline Guará Brusaca Almeida , Herval Álex Moreira , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Soares Carlos José
Published: December 2020

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival and associated factors for the longevity of direct posterior restorations and to verify whether the geographic location of public health units could influence the long-term survival of such restorations. Data were extracted from electronic patient files of the Brazilian public oral health services. The sample comprised 2,405 class I and II restorations performed 4 to 24 years ago (mean, 8.9 years) in 351 patients (6.8 teeth/patient) across 12 public health units located in different city regions (42 professionals—55 restorations). The restoration was considered successful if it had not been repaired or replaced at the time of evaluation; failure was defined as replacement of the restoration, the need for endodontic treatment, tooth/restoration fracture or tooth extraction. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test for restoration survival and Cox regression to evaluate the factors associated with failure. The majority of the restorations involved the use of amalgam (85%), involved a single face (70%), and were without pulp/dentin capping (85%). The overall survival rate was 95%, and the mean observation time was 8.9 years. The restoration survival was 79% (95% CI: 60.6–89.5) over 24 years, and the mean survival time was 22.2 years (95% CI: 21.9–22.6 years). The annual failure rate up to 24 years was 0.9%. After the adjustment, only the number of restored faces and the geographic location where the restoration was performed remained associated with failure of the restoration. The direct posterior restorations performed at the evaluated public health service units presented high survival rates. The restorations of people with lower access to POHS had lower survival rates. Class I restorations presented higher survival rates than class II restorations with two or more faces, regardless of the restorative material used.
Oficina de arte com sucata eletrônica: uma alternativa para a Educação Ambiental baseada na reutilização e aprendizagem criativa
Authors: De Bortoli Lis Ângela , Castaman Ana Sara
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por finalidade conhecer a relevância da reutilização, do upcycling e da aprendizagem criativa na educação ambiental, através de oficinas de arte com sucata eletrônica, de modo a apresentar um relato de experiência extensionista. Para tanto, pauta-se em abordagem qualitativa, a partir da técnica bibliográfica. Está dividido em 02 (duas) partes: a) versa sobre conceitos de e-lixo e as possibilidades do seu emprego para atividades de arte; b) aborda a experiência de promoção e de condução de oficinas de arte com sucata eletrônica enquanto atividade extensionista. Conclui-se que através das oficinas é possível construir aprendizagens acerca da reutilização de e-lixo, por meio do upcycling, bem como formar a autonomia, a criatividade e potencializar habilidades e competências mediante o uso de metodologia de aprendizagem criativa para educação ambiental.
Ações de controle da hanseníase na atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leite Thiaskara Ramile Caldas , Silva Ingrid Grangeiro Bringel , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Lopes Maria do Socorro Vieira , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha
Published: December 2020

A hanseníase ainda é considerada um importante problema de saúde pública pela magnitude de pessoas que atinge e pelo alto poder incapacitante. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar na literatura científica nacional e internacional as medidas utilizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde para o controle da hanseníase. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura onde foram avaliadas as publicações científicas nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied health Literature (CINAHL), na Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde (IBECS) e no diretório de revistas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Na busca inicial foram encontrados 1234 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, exclusão e leitura na íntegra, selecionou-se 14 artigos, publicados entre 2006 e 2017. Identificou-se que as medidas utilizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde para o controle da hanseníase foram: capacitação profissional, descentralização das atividades, atividades de educação em saúde, definição de atribuições profissionais e uso de instrumentos específicos na assistência de Enfermagem. Conclui-se que essas medidas de prevenção e controle estão em consonância com as recomendações mundiais e do governo brasileiro para a redução da carga da hanseníase, evidenciando os esforços para a descentralização das ações na Atenção Primária à Saúde.