bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF SURFACE THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR THE STUDY OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS: AN EXPERIMENT USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)
Authors: Perussi Rafael , Zen de Figueiredo Neves Gustavo , Mini Grabriel Alberto , Tech Adriano Rogério Bruno
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the variation of horizontal superficial temperature of different typologies of surfaces through thermographies using a thermal camera embedded in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The temperature data of some typologies of ground cover (asphalt, cement sidewalk, lawn and trees) and buildings cover (ceramic roof and cement tile) were analyzed. The results showed that there was a greater retention of heat by the asphalt covering, followed by the cement sidewalk. The temperature of the lawn was high during the day, but at night it was the surface with the lowest temperature among all analyzed. The top of the tree accumulated less heat during the day and it took longer to lose it during the night, getting the lowest thermal amplitude. At the building covering surfaces, while the temperature of the ceramic roof suffered little variation during the day, the cement tile suffered a high variation, showing that it is not a good thermal insulator. The use of UAV allowed a quick acquisition of the thermographies of the selected targets. The weather analysis was a determining factor to carry out the UAV missions.
Impactos na saúde humana causados pela exposição a incêndios florestais: as evidências obtidas nas últimas duas décadas
Authors: Caumo Sofia , Gioda Adriana , Da Silva Carreira Renato , Jacobson Ludmilla da Silva Viana , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: March 2022

Foi feita uma revisão de 27 artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2021 sobre a associação entre poluição do ar em episódios pré, durante e pós incêndios florestais e os impactos sobre a saúde da população, a partir de busca nas plataformas PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo. Os critérios adotados para inclusão dos artigos foram estudos epidemiológicos que analisassem as associações entre desfechos na saúde (hospitalizações por doenças respiratórios e/ou cardiovasculares) em populações impactadas por incêndios florestais e a concentração de material particulado (MP) decorrente dos incêndios. Os artigos foram organizados por país e data da ocorrência dos incêndios, e foram analisadas as evidências de riscos à saúde por doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares. Populações mais vulneráveis, como idosos, negros e indígenas, apresentaram maior susceptibilidade aos impactos da fumaça de incêndios, demonstrando a importância de compreender os impactos da fumaça dos incêndios florestais para a saúde.
KONCEPCJA OCHRONY PRZECIWPOŻAROWEJ NA STATKU MORSKIM TOWAROWYM REGALICA
Authors: Węglarz Kamil Łukasz
Published: March 2022

W artykule opracowano koncepcję ochrony przeciwpożarowej statku towarowego Regalica.
W części teoretycznej omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące regulacji prawnych ochrony przeciwpożarowej
statków morskich oraz zaprezentowano charakterystykę statku Regalica. W części praktycznej
dokonano opracowania projektu systemu sygnalizacji pożarowej na opisywanym masowcu
w oparciu o przepisy morskie. Na etapie opracowywania projektu wykonano następujące założenia
projektowe: opis techniczny przyjętej instalacji wykrywania pożaru, dobór elementów liniowych,
prowadzenie linii dozorowych i dobór przewodów, lokalizacja centrali sygnalizacji pożarowej oraz
warunki zasilania. Ponadto w tej części przedstawiono kompleksową koncepcję ochrony przeciwpożarowej.
Na końcu sformułowano wnioski mające wpływ na proces projektowania systemów
sygnalizacji pożarowej.
WSPÓŁDZIAŁANIE RATOWNIKÓW UDZIELAJĄCYCH KWALIFIKOWANEJ PIERWSZEJ POMOCY Z PERSONELEM MEDYCZNYM
W WARUNKACH PRZEDSZPITALNYCH
Authors: Tymiński Jan
Published: March 2022

W dobie pandemii, niepomijalnego zagrożenia terrorystycznego i kryzysu kadrowego w systemie
PRM (Państwowe Ratownictwo Medyczne) koniecznością może stać się oszczędne gospodarowanie
zasobem, jaki stanowi wysoko wykwalifikowana kadra medyczna uprawniona do wykonywania
MCR (medyczne czynności ratunkowe). Jedną z możliwości jest wykorzystanie pomocy personelu
niżej wykwalifikowanego – ratowników uprawnionych do udzielania KPP (kwalifikowana pierwsza
pomoc). Rozwiązania tego rodzaju są stosowane na co dzień w systemach ratownictwa medycznego
wielu krajów, w których kompetencje personelu są stopniowane. W Polsce do takiego współdziałania
również niejednokrotnie dochodzi, jednakże analiza kompetencji ratowników KPP wykazała, że nie
są oni optymalnie przygotowani do asystowania personelowi medycznemu przy udzielaniu MCR.
Zasadne wydaje się zatem opracowanie szkolenia, które skompensowałoby lukę kompetencyjną i doprowadziło
do usprawnienia współdziałania personelu systemu ratownictwa medycznego.
WPŁYW PANDEMII COVID-19 NA BEZPIECZEŃSTWO ZGROMADZEŃ RELIGIJNYCH ZBORU CHRZEŚCIJAŃSKA SPOŁECZNOŚĆ –
STUDIUM PRZYPADKU
Authors: Dębowski Tomasz R.
Published: March 2022

Pandemia COVID-19 jest jednym z istotnych zagrożeń ostatnich lat, zarówno w wymiarze globalnym,
jak i lokalnym. Badanie tego zjawiska jest ważne nie tylko ze względu na konieczność odzwierciedlenia
jego pełniejszego obrazu, ale także pozyskane o nim dane mogą wspomagać proces
prognozowania przyszłości. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wyników badań własnych, odnoszących
się do oceny wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na bezpieczeństwo zgromadzeń religijnych Zboru
Chrześcijańska Społeczność z Ząbkowic Śląskich. Pierwszy problem badawczy dotyczył ustalenia,
na jakie dziedziny funkcjonowania wspólnoty i w jakim stopniu wpłynęła pandemia. Drugi,
na który poszukiwano odpowiedzi, przyjął postać pytania: Jakie działania prewencyjne podjęto
w Zborze Chrześcijańska Społeczność, aby zapewnić jego funkcjonowanie i ograniczyć ryzyko
zakażenia wiernych i sympatyków wirusem SARS-CoV-2? Zaproponowana dla dociekań cezura
czasowa obejmowała okres od końca marca 2020 r. do końca kwietnia 2021 r. Badania wykazały,
że pandemia COVID-19 w zróżnicowanym stopniu wpłynęła na wszystkie dziedziny egzystencji
wspólnoty. Jak również, że podjęte działania prewencyjne umożliwiły jej funkcjonowanie, ograniczając
ryzyko zakażenia wiernych i sympatyków wirusem SARS-CoV-2. Ponadto udało się ustalić,
że oprócz determinantów o charakterze biologicznym, zagrożenie dla działania Zboru stanowiły
również czynniki psychologiczne, z których część mogła już wcześniej występować, pozostałe zostały
wykreowane przez pandemię. To z kolei sprawia, że wyłania się obszar do dalszych, znacznie
bardziej pogłębionych dociekań nad przesłankami warunkującymi bezpieczeństwo zgromadzeń
religijnych, realizowanych w kontekście racjonalności zachowań ich uczestników, w obliczu zagrożeń
o charakterze epidemicznym.
Reading up to the very end is worthwile – technical and periprocedural recommendations for permanent cardiac pacing and their impact on the long-term effect of the therapy provided by the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Marchewka Patryk , Sterliński Maciej
Published: March 2022

There are discussed selected, most important periprocedural aspects related to permanent cardiac pacing, presented in the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. The importance of preventing hemorrhagic and infectious complications is emphasized. Among the factors that may affect the reduction of the total complication rate, attention was paid to perioperative anticoagulation therapy management and the appropriate selection of procedural techniques.
Catheter ablation as a first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Farkowski Michał M.
Published: March 2022

Current ESC guidelines present several indications for catheter ablation as a first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Those indications reflect high effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation also in comparison to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Cryoballoon ablation has a firm position as a first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation based on multicenter randomized controlled trials. To achieve similar outcomes, one must remember basic rules on how to perform cryoballoon ablation.
Analgosedation approaches in the Electrophysiology Laboratory – a review of currently used techniques – part 2
Authors: Życiński Paweł , Miśkowiec Dawid
Published: March 2022

Clinical electrophysiology (EP) had undergone tremendous technological development in the last years. Along with more and more complex EP procedures, including advanced radiofrequency catheter ablations, the need for a safe and effective analgetic and sedation approach become imperative. Sedation in the EP laboratory range from intravenous sedation techniques to general anesthesia. In our review, we discuss current analgosedation approaches in the EP lab, with particular emphasis on the type of procedure performed.
Analysis of ENEM’s attendants between 2012 and 2017 using a clustering approach
Authors: Sousa Lima Afonso Matheus , Choquenaira Florez Alexander Ylnner , Aspauza Lescano Alexis Iván , De Oliveira Novaes João Victor , De Fatima Martins Natalia , Traina Junior Caetano , Parros Machado de Sousa Elaine , Rodrigues Junior José Fernando , Ferreira Cordeiro Robson Leonardo
Published: March 2022

Data analysis is increasingly being used as an unbiased and accurate way to evaluate many aspects of society and their evolution over the years. This article presents an analysis of student’s characteristics, between 2012 and 2017, in the most important exam for entry into higher education in Brazil, the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). The intention is to gain insights of Brazilian regions, ENEM’s areas of knowledge, type of school and accessibility, using a clustering method (K-means). An extensive and careful cleaning of the database was made in order to homogenize it and avoid types of statistical bias. The results of this work are presented objectively in the article, so it may be useful and used as a numerical base in works of socio-educational disciplines or studies that are interested in better understanding the evolution of ENEM in recent years. Finally, some discussions and restrictions on grouping results were presented in a timely manner.
Digitalisation of the Tax Risk Management System in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation
Authors: Damirov Javid
Published: March 2022

With the advent of the new decade, the possibility of applying digital tools in certain fields of law is increasingly being explored in a range of legal publications. Particular attention is paid to those fields of law, which are based on an imperative method of legal regulating the relationship between citizens and the State, since in this context the implementation of digital tools can tip the scales in favour of the State and greatly prejudice essential rights and interests of citizens. This issue is particularly acute in the field of tax law, where infringement of taxpayers’ rights and interests may in the short- and medium-term lead to liquidity problems for them and to decrease foreign investments in the country economy in the long-term. To date, the risk of such kind of a threat is most likely to arise in the area of tax risk management, which is the most “digitalised” area of tax law. This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the digitalisation process of tax risk management systems of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation. The aim of this study is to identify both common trends and fundamental differences between two systems. In order to achieve this aim, the article first describes the tools and technologies most used during the digitalisation process, followed by a comprehensive study of the structure of the automated tax risk management systems of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation. In addition, some legally problematic elements of both systems are critically assessed.
Regionale Proteste gegen die Corona-Maßnahmen in Sachsen
Authors: Reuband Karl-Heinz
Published: March 2022

Gegenstand des Beitrags sind Demonstrationen gegen die staatlichen Corona-Maßnahmen in Sachsen, erfasst über die Zahl der Tage mit Corona-Protest auf der Ebene der 419 Gemeinden in den Jahren 2020/2021. Den größten Einfluss auf das Demonstrationsgeschehen übt die Einwohnerzahl des Ortes aus. Je größer der Ort, desto wahrscheinlicher ist dort das Vorkommen von Protesten. Einen leichten Einfluss übt darüber hinaus die Wahlbeteiligung in der Bundestagswahl 2021 aus: Je geringer sie ist, desto größer der Einfluss. Keinen Effekt übt der AfD-Stimmenanteil in der Bundestagswahl 2021 aus. Entweder bedeutet dies, dass der Stellenwert der AfD-Wahlpräfenzen sich in Grenzen hält und der Kreis der Protest-Teilnehmer politisch heterogener und weniger AfD-affin ist als oftmals angenommen. Oder es bedeutet, dass der Ort des Protestes nicht mit dem Wohnort identisch ist und die Protestierenden in maßgeblicher Weise aus benachbarten Gemeinden und Dörfern mit hoher AfD-Präferenz herstammen. Dazu und zum Anteil auswärtiger Kundgebungsteilnehmer aber liegen keine Daten vor. Unternimmt man die Analyse auf der Ebene der 13 kreisfreien Städte und Landkreise, erweist sich die regionale Verbreitung von Verschwörungsdenken und Politikverdrossenheit - ermittelt über Bevölkerungsumfragen - als bedeutsame Einflussgröße für das regionale Protestgeschehen.
Evidence Based Reading Strategies for Struggling Readers with Learning Disabilities and Emotional Disorders
Authors: Chitiyo Argnue
Published: March 2022

Students with learning disabilities often exhibit academic and functional skills challenges that include limited ability to read, write, listen, speak, or complete other academic or functional tasks. A large proportion of children with LD are also at increased risks for emotional or behavioral problems. When LDs are not properly addressed, children with LD may begin to exhibit behavioral challenges that may further impede their academic performance. One of the key areas of deficit in academic performance among children with LD lies in reading. Research shows that students with EBD or LD perform approximately 2.2 grades below standard performance in reading. Part of the reason for their reading deficits is attributed to proliferation of instructional methods that are not backed by empirical evidence. In order to address this reading performance-gap, there is a need to examine closely what instructional practices are effective and under what circumstances. This chapter examines some commonly used reading interventions for this group of students with EBD and establishes the evidence supporting their effectiveness. Recommendations for future practice are suggested.
Perspective Chapter: “Yugaku Hiroba” Intergenerational Exchange Program
Authors: Ito Yuka
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we discuss the Yugaku Hiroba intergenerational exchange program activities that have been carried out to date with community-dwelling older adults and university students, as well as the results of questionnaires completed by the participating older adults and students who ran the activities. We also interviewed 10 participating older adults to determine what significance a gathering place, such as that provided in the intergenerational exchange program, has in their daily lives. The results revealed that participating in intergenerational exchange activities led to feelings of usefulness and satisfaction, as well as enjoyment in their daily lives as a result of connecting with others and interacting with students from a younger generation. Support is needed to help continue these activities and provide opportunities for intergenerational exchange activities that allow people to live their lives in their own way with a sense of reassurance.
Functional Model for Emotional Information Processing: A Validated Model to Support Social Competence of Students with ADHD
Authors: Ali Eissa Saad Mourad
Published: March 2022

Many students with ADHD have emotional dysregulation which is increasingly recognized as a core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Functional Model for Emotional Information Processing is supposed to be a useful tool to be used when observing, explaining, and predicting a human being while responding to emotional scenarios. It is a promising model to support social competence of students with ADHD. While research on this model is still in its infancy, it borrowed much of its theoretical base from both Crick and Dodge’s SIP model and Mayer and Salovey’s ability EI. It is a useful to improve social competence of children with ADHD.
НАСТАВА ХИСТОРИЈЕ ИЛИ НАСТАВА ВИКТИМОЛОГИЈЕ И СРБОФОБИЈЕ? О ИЗУЧАВАЊУ РАТА 1992–1995. ГОДИНЕ У ШКОЛАМА КАНТОНА САРАЈЕВО
Authors: Васић Драгиша Д.
Published: March 2022

Дилему из наслова намећу садржаји актуелних закона о основном и средњем образовању, наставних програма, уџбеника и уџбе- ничких допуна у Кантону Сарајево у којима је приоритет у изучавању са- времене историје дат страдању Муслимана/Бошњака у рату 1992–1995. године, а српска страна у том рату приказана крајње негативно. У фокусу разматрања су уџбеничке допуне о рату 1992–1995. године, околности њи- ховог настанка 2016–2018. године, те реакције које су изазвале. Закљу- чку о злоупотреби наставе историје у функцији нетолерантне идеологије и политике воде: изразито моноперспективна перцепција рата уз оштру подјелу на „ми“ (хероји, жртве) и „они“ (агресори, окупатори, злочинци), из- двајање свега неколико појава и простора (дио Сарајева, Сребреница јула 1995.) из контекста пропасти Југославије и рата у БиХ, манипулације исто- ријским изворима и утврђеним чињеницама, непоштовање дидактичких принципа научне заснованости наставе и њене прилагођености узрасту ученика. Таква интерпретација рата 1992–1995. године се агресивно намеће другима, што је видљиво и у реакцијама из бошњачке средине на измјене наставних програма и уџбеничких садржаја најновије историје у Републици Српској.
БОСНА И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНА У МЕМОАРИМА МАРШАЛА МАРМОНА (1806–1811)
Authors: Субић Радован
Published: March 2022

Француски маршал Огист Мармон (1774–1852) боравио је на Балкану од 1806. до 1811. године. По оснивању Илирских провинција 1809. године именован је за гувернера. Ове формално аутономне покрајине Француског царства, са сједиштем у Љубљани, биле су састављене од западне Корушке, Крањске, Хрватске југозападно од ријеке Саве, Војне крајине, Трста, Истре, Далмације, територије укинуте Дубровачке републике и Боке Которске. Већина залеђа ових провинција била је територија Османског царства. На тај простор је маршал Мармон био присиљен да обрати пажњу. У његовим обимним мемоарима, објављеним 1857. године, у деветом поглављу другог тома као и у поглављима десет до четрнаест трећег тома већином се говори о територији данашње Црне Горе, Хрватске, Словеније и Босне и Херцеговине. Подаци који се односе на потоње покрајине релативно су скромни и повезани су с Мармоновим активностима у Далмацији, које су биле дио политике Француске према Османском царству. У раду се говори управо о тим скромним подацима о Босни и Херцеговини.
Emerging Strategies for CO2 Photoreduction to CH4: From Experimental to Data‐Driven Design
Authors: Cheng Shuwen , Sun Zhehao , Lim Kang Hui , Gani Terry Zhi Hao , Zhang Tianxi , Wang Yisong , Yin Hang , Liu Kaili , Guo Haiwei , Du Tao , Liu Liying , Li Gang Kevin , Yin Zongyou , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: March 2022

The solar‐energy‐driven photoreduction of CO2 has recently emerged as a promising approach to directly transform CO2 into valuable energy sources under mild conditions. As a clean‐burning fuel and drop‐in replacement for natural gas, CH4 is an ideal product of CO2 photoreduction, but the development of highly active and selective semiconductor‐based photocatalysts for this important transformation remains challenging. Hence, significant efforts have been made in the search for active, selective, stable, and sustainable photocatalysts. In this review, recent applications of cutting‐edge experimental and computational materials design strategies toward the discovery of novel catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic conversion to CH4 are systematically summarized. First, insights into effective experimental catalyst engineering strategies, including heterojunctions, defect engineering, cocatalysts, surface modification, facet engineering, and single atoms, are presented. Then, data‐driven photocatalyst design spanning density functional theory (DFT) simulations, high‐throughput computational screening, and machine learning (ML) is presented through a step‐by‐step introduction. The combination of DFT, ML, and experiments is emphasized as a powerful solution for accelerating the discovery of novel catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Last, challenges and perspectives concerning the interplay between experiments and data‐driven rational design strategies for the industrialization of large‐scale CO2 photoreduction technologies are described.
Monascin and ankaflavin—Biosynthesis from Monascus purpureus, production methods, pharmacological properties: A review
Authors: Adin Syeda Nashvia , Gupta Isha , Panda Bibhu Prasad , Mujeeb Mohd.
Published: March 2022

Monascus purpureus copiously yields beneficial secondary metabolites , including Monascus pigments, which are broadly used as food additives, as a nitrite substitute in meat products, and as a colorant in the food industry. Monascus yellow pigments (monascin and ankaflavin) have shown potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Cosmetic and textile industries are other areas where it has established its potential as a dye. This paper reviews the production methods of Monascus yellow pigments, biosynthesis of Monascus pigments from M. purpureus, factors affecting yellow pigment production during fermentation, and the pharmacological properties of monascin and ankaflavin.
Investigation of NNN Pincer Ruthenium(II) Complexes with a Pendant Hydroxyl Group for N‐Monomethylation of amines and Nitroarenes by Methanol
Authors: Li Kangkang , Li Jin‐Feng , Yin Bing , Zeng Fanlong
Published: March 2022

A family of air‐ and moisture‐stable NNN pincer ruthenium(II) complexes with a pendant OH were developed, which exhibit unprecedented high reactivity and selectivity in N‐monomethylation of amines and nitroarenes using methanol. The investigation reveals adopting the combination of 1H‐pyrazole‐1‐yl and 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxyethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl as the two assistant arms of the pyridyl‐backbone is a suitable choice. The mechanism study discloses that, during the catalytic cycle, dehydrogenation of methanol to form formaldehyde is a fast and reversible step.
From Coiled Flow Inverter to Stirred Tank Reactor – Bioprocess Development and Ontology Design
Authors: Grühn Julia , Behr Alexander S. , Eroglu Talha H. , Trögel Valentin , Rosenthal Katrin , Kockmann Norbert
Published: March 2022

Miniaturized bioreactors, such as the coiled flow inverter (CFI), offer several benefits within process development such as lower time and cost factors. In this study, we demonstrate continuous flow experiments in a CFI and transferred them to experiments in a batch reactor by using the oxygen transfer coefficient kLa as a key parameter. In order to simplify the parameter transfer and at the same time develop a basis for future data handling according to the FAIR data principles, an equipment and process ontology was developed for these examples.
A roadmap towards energy‐efficient data fusion methods in the Internet of Things
Authors: Pourghebleh Behrouz , Hekmati Negin , Davoudnia Zahra , Sadeghi Mehrdad
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, with the rapid progress of Internet‐based and distributed systems such as cloud computing, peer‐to‐peer networking, and Internet of Things (IoT), significant improvements in almost every engineering and commercial field have been made. On the basis of IoT, smart cities are formed utilizing intelligent information processing, universal connectivity, ubiquitous sensing, and real‐time monitoring. Energy conservation is one of the significant issues in current IoT development due to the poor battery endurance of IoT objects. Over the last years, with smart cities' explosive growth, a huge range of studies regarding energy efficiency have been done. The diversity of sparse data and multi‐sourcing is utilized in developing IoT scenarios. In order to use efficiently of these data to improve the IoT services, data fusion plays an important role. It saves network resources, improves data transmission efficiency, and extracts useful information from raw data. To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and systematic study about surveying and analyzing the available energy‐efficient data fusion techniques in the IoT. Thus, this article aims to address this gap using a systematic method.
Within‐patient perceptions of alliance and attunement: Associations with progress in psychotherapy
Authors: Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie , Bar‐Sella Avigail , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Luo Xiaochen , Silberschatz George , Kealy David , McCollum James , Snyder John
Published: March 2022

The most frequently examined aspect of the therapeutic relationship is the working alliance, which reflects the conscious collaborative bond, and agreement on task and goal. In addition to the established importance of the working alliance, the therapists' attunement and responsiveness might reflect another important aspect of the therapeutic relationship that can be considered in relation to session‐by‐session progress over treatments. Emerging research suggests that the quality of the working alliance not only differs between patients but also within patients over time. However, little is known about the quality of the therapeutic relationship between and within patients in relation to progress in psychotherapy. We examined fluctuations of the working alliance measure (WAI) and the newly developed measure of the Patients' Experiences of Attunement and Responsiveness (PEAR) during treatment in a naturalistic sample of patients in an outpatient psychotherapy clinic. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the respective contribution of these measures to subsequent improvement in psychological functioning longitudinally. Results suggest that the within‐patient effect, instead of between‐patient effect, was significant for WAI (and did not reach significance for PEAR), indicating that the fluctuation of WAI was predictive of psychological functioning in the subsequent month. Based on these findings, therapists and their patients might benefit from regular tracking of the patient‐reported working alliance. The findings underscore the importance of the alliance, specifically at the within‐patient level. It also highlights the challenge for research to tap into other aspects of the therapeutic relationship that can help explain progress in therapy. Given the breadth and accessibility of the working alliance construct, more work is needed for researchers to examine the construct of attunement and responsiveness.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Oxidized Graphite Enabled by Grey TiO2and Direct Formation of a Visible‐Light‐Active Titania/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Nasir Amara , Mazare Anca , Zhou Xin , Qin Shanshan , Denisov Nikita , Zdrazil Lukas , Kment Štěpán , Zboril Radek , Yasin Tariq , Schmuki Patrik
Published: March 2022

Herein we report a one‐step, low cost, photocatalytic method for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) from commercial graphite using grey TiO2as a photocatalyst. GO formation is achieved by UV‐illumination of a slurry of well‐dispersed grey TiO2and commercial graphite. Light‐induced valence‐band holes from grey TiO2then lead to an oxidation and exfoliation of graphite, resulting in the formation of visible‐light‐active GO. An optimal level of graphite oxidation can be established by controlling the UV illumination time. Moreover, the resulting GO‐decorated TiO2is directly active as a visible‐light‐active photocatalyst that can, for example, be used for pollution degradation.
Appearance and performance‐enhancing drugs and supplements, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia among gender minority people
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , McGuire F. Hunter , Lavender Jason M. , Brown Tiffany A. , Murray Stuart B. , Greene Richard E. , Compte Emilio J. , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Obedin‐Maliver Juno , Lunn Mitchell R.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Appearance and performance‐enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) can be used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among gender minority people.

Method

Participants were 1653 gender minority individuals (1120 gender‐expansive [defined as a broad range of gender identities that are generally situated outside of the woman–man gender binary, e.g., genderqueer, nonbinary] people, 352 transgender men, and 181 transgender women) recruited from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study in 2018. Regression analyses stratified by gender identity examined associations of any APEDS use with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptom scores.

Results

Lifetime APEDS use was common across groups (30.7% of gender‐expansive people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Among gender‐expansive people and transgender men, lifetime use of any APEDS was significantly associated with higher eating disorder scores, dietary restraint, binge eating, compelled/driven exercise, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Any APEDS use was additionally associated with laxative use among gender‐expansive people. Among transgender women, use of any APEDS was not significantly associated with eating disorder or muscle dysmorphia symptoms.

Discussion

APEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in gender‐expansive people and transgender men, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations, particularly in clinical settings.

Public Significance

This study aimed to examine APEDS use among gender minority people. We found that 30.7% of gender‐expansive (e.g., nonbinary) people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women reported lifetime APEDS use, which was associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in transgender men and gender‐expansive people. Clinicians should assess for these behaviors in gender minority populations.
Biological invasions alter consumer–stress relationships along an estuarine gradient
Authors: Rubinoff Benjamin G. , Grosholz Edwin D.
Published: March 2022

Estuaries represent steep stress gradients for aquatic organisms, with abiotic stress due to temperature and salinity typically increasing with distance into estuary. Invertebrate communities and their predators are strongly influenced by these stress gradients. The environmental stress model predicts that the importance of predation in structuring communities decreases with increasing environmental stress. Estuaries contain a stress gradient for marine organisms this includes salinity, temperature, and other abiotic properties. Additionally, estuaries are hotspots for biological invasions; increased stress tolerance among non‐native species could change the predictions of the environmental stress model. In this study, we investigate how introduced species alter the predictions of the environmental stress model by examining the effects of predators on sessile invertebrates across an estuarine gradient. To do this, we deployed recruitment plates across the estuarine gradient of Tomales Bay, California, USA using various caging treatments over the summer of 2019. We found that the effect of predation changed across sites, with the mid‐estuary site experiencing the greatest reductions in prey abundance and prey species richness when exposed to predators. This was likely to be due to higher proportions of non‐native prey and predator taxa mid‐estuary, including solitary ascidians, which are highly susceptible to predation. Overall, predation did not follow the predictions of the environmental stress model, but rather followed the abundance of functional groups with non‐native species, whose distribution could be mediated by environmental stress gradients. We suggest that this may be a general result and that communities subject to large numbers of stress‐tolerant invaders may have high rates of consumption in high stress areas, contrasting predictions by previous models.
Voltammetric Determination of Pb2+ in Water using Mn‐doped MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion Electrode Coupled with an Electrochemical Flow Analysis Device
Authors: Zhang Chen , Lai Zhiwei , Liu Xuelian , Ye Min , Zhang Linchun , Zhang Li , Chen Xi
Published: March 2022

A glassy carbon electrode modified with Mn−MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion was used for the field determination of Pb2+ in water coupled with an electrochemical flow analysis device. The potential mechanism for signal enhancement of Pb2+ was preliminarily confirmed in this work. A limit of detection (3σ/slope) for Pb2+ was 0.08 μg L−1 within the concentration from 0.2 to 100 μg L−1 using this method. The relative standard deviation of response currents for 30 μg L−1 Pb2+ was 3.6 % (n=80) and the recoveries varied from 97.3 % to 105.6 % in the determination of tap water and lake water samples obtained from laboratories and the university campus. Finally, the continuous monitoring of Pb2+ in water was successfully realized by this Mn−MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion modified electrode coupled with the analysis device.
Tri‐modality therapy with i‐125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and short‐term hormone therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Nakiri Makoto , Ueda Kosuke , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Kurose Hirofumi , Uemura Keiichiro , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Muraki Koichiro , Hattori Chikayuki , Ogo Etsuyo , Igawa Tsukasa
Published: March 2022

Introduction

We present tri‐modality therapy with i‐125 brachytherapy for high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Case presentation

A 75‐year‐old man had visited our hospital with complaints of dysuria. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate was performed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The resected histopathological prostate tissue showed malignancy (Gleason score: 3 + 3 = 6). Two years thereafter, Gleason score progressed (4 + 5 = 9) concomitantly with increased prostate‐specific antigen levels. Therefore, tri‐modality therapy, including brachytherapy, was applied. Combined androgen blockade therapy was conducted over a 9‐month period. One month after brachytherapy, external beam radiation was performed.

Conclusion

Brachytherapy following transurethral prostate surgery is relatively contraindicated because of increased adverse urethral event frequency and seed placement difficulties. A tri‐modality therapy, including brachytherapy, was implemented without any major problems in this patient with high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, following which he had a favorable prognosis without recurrence for 6 years.
Malnutrition outweighs the effect of the obesity paradox
Authors: Prausmüller Suriya , Heitzinger Gregor , Pavo Noemi , Spinka Georg , Goliasch Georg , Arfsten Henrike , Gabler Cornelia , Strunk Guido , Hengstenberg Christian , Hülsmann Martin , Bartko Philipp E.
Published: March 2022

Background

High body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with better outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). The effects of malnutrition on this phenomenon across the whole spectrum of HF have not yet been studied.

Methods

In this observational study, patients were classified by guideline diagnostic criteria to one of three heart failure subtypes: reduced (HFrEF), mildy reduced (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Data were retrieved from the Viennese‐community healthcare provider network between 2010 and 2020. The relationship between BMI, nutritional status reflected by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and survival was assessed. Patients were classified by the presence (PNI < 45) or absence (PNI ≥ 45) of malnutrition.

Results

Of the 11 995 patients enrolled, 6916 (58%) were classified as HFpEF, 2809 (23%) HFmrEF, and 2270 HFrEF (19%). Median age was 70 years (IQR 61–77), and 67% of patients were men. During a median follow‐up time of 44 months (IQR 19–76), 3718 (31%) of patients died. After adjustment for potential confounders, BMI per IQR increase was independently associated with better survival (adj. hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91 [CI 0.86–0.97], P = 0.005), this association remained significant after additional adjustment for HF type (adj. HR: 0.92 [CI 0.86–0.98], P = 0.011). PNI was available in 10 005 patients and lowest in HFrEF patients. PNI was independently associated with improved survival (adj. HR: 0.96 [CI 0.95–0.97], P < 0.001); additional adjustment for HF type yielded similar results (adj. HR: 0.96 [CI 0.96–0.97], P < 0.001). Although obese patients experienced a 30% risk reduction, malnutrition at least doubled the risk for death with 1.8‐ to 2.5‐fold higher hazards for patients with poor nutritional status compared with normal weight well‐nourished patients.

Conclusions

The obesity paradox seems to be an inherent characteristic of HF regardless of phenotype and nutritional status. Yet malnutrition significantly changes trajectory of outcome with regard to BMI alone: obese patients with malnutrition have a considerably worse outcome compared with their well‐nourished counterparts, outweighing protective effects of high BMI alone. In this context, routine recommendation towards weight loss in patients with obesity and HF should generally be made with caution and focus should be shifted on nutritional status.
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Reveals Important Association of Fluid Status and T1‐Mapping by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Donà Carolina , Nitsche Christian , Anegg Oliver , Poschner Thomas , Koschutnik Matthias , Duca Franz , Aschauer Stefan , Dannenberg Varius , Schneider Matthias , Schoenbauer Robert , Beitzke Dietrich , Loewe Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia , Kammerlander Andreas
Published: March 2022

Background

Extracellular matrix expansion is a key pathophysiologic feature in heart failure and can be quantified noninvasively by cardiac magnetic resonance T1‐mapping. Free water within the interstitial space of the myocardium, however, may also alter T1‐mapping results.

Purpose

To investigate the association between systemic fluid status and T1‐mapping by cardiac magnetic resonance.

Study Type

Prospective, observational single‐center study.

Population

Two‐hundred eighty‐five consecutive patients (44.4% female, 70.0 ± 14.9 years old) scheduled for cardiac MR due to various cardiac diseases.

Sequence and Field Strength

1.5‐T scanner (Avanto Fit, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). For T1‐mapping, electrocardiographically triggered modified‐Look‐Locker inversion (MOLLI) recovery sequence using a 5(3)3 prototype on a short‐axis mid‐cavity slice and with a four‐chamber view was performed.

Assessments

MR parameters including native myocardial T1‐times using MOLLI and extracellular volume (MR‐ECV) were assessed, and additionally, we performed bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Furthermore, demographic data and comorbidities were assessed.

Statistics

Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test, chi‐square tests, and for correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between patients' fluid status and T1‐mapping results. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mixed cohort presented with a mean overhydration (OH) of +0.2 ± 2.4 liters, as determined by BIA. By MR, native T1‐times were 1038 ± 51 msec and MR‐ECV was 31 ± 9%.

In the multivariable regression analysis, only OH was significantly associated with MR‐ECV (adj. beta: 0.711; 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.14) along with male sex (adj. beta: 2.529; 95% CI: 0.51 to 4.55). In linear as well as multivariable analysis, only OH was significantly associated with native T1 times (adj. beta: 3.750; 95% CI: 1.27 to 6.23).

Conclusion

T1‐times and MR‐ECV were significantly associated with the degree of OH on BIA measurement. These effects were independent from age, sex, body mass index, and hematocrit. Patients' volume status may thus be an important factor when T1‐time and MR‐ECV values are interpreted.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Biological preparation and characterization of surfactant‐like peptides
Authors: Meng Shujuan , Wang Yadong , Mu Jing , Pang Zhengjun , Wang Fenghuan , Liao Yonghong
Published: March 2022

Surfactant‐like peptides are a class of small molecule short peptides with surface activity designed independently by imitating the structural characteristics of natural lipid molecules. Surfactant‐like peptides have the advantages of no pollution to the environment, easy biodegradation, strong bacteriostasis, and nutrition, which accords with the development concept of the modern green industry. They are widely used in many fields such as cleaning, food, cosmetics, medicine. At present, such surfactants are mainly synthesized by expensive chemical methods. The efficient synthesis of surfactant‐like peptides by biological methods has become a significant research direction. This method is environmentally friendly and can achieve low‐cost and efficient production. In this study, three novel surfactant‐like peptides were designed and synthesized by biological methods and successfully expressed in vitro. By optimizing of the expression host, expression vector, and fermentation conditions, the optimal expression amount was finally obtained. In addition, these surfactant‐like peptides were found to have good surface activity and low critical micelle concentration. More importantly, they are pH‐responsive and can self‐assemble to form nanostructures in different solutions, which provides essential research value for the production of novel nanomaterials in the future. This study is the first to construct and express three novel surfactant‐like peptides by biological methods, which effectively reduce the production cost compared to chemical methods; and it was also found to have excellent surfactant properties. This provides the basis for large‐scale industrial production and application.
Longitudinal relationships between bullying and prosocial behavior: The mediating roles of trauma‐related guilt and shame
Authors: Lian Yangyu , Liu Luming , Lu Zi'ang , Wang Wenchao
Published: March 2022

The present study examined the relationships between bullying, trauma‐related guilt, trauma‐related shame, and prosocial behaviors. We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the internal mechanism between bullying, prosocial behaviors, and the probable mediating effects of trauma‐related guilt and shame. The results suggested that bullying negatively predicted prosocial behaviors and that trauma‐related guilt played a positive mediating role. In contrast, trauma‐related shame played a negative mediating role in the relationship between bullying and prosocial behaviors. These findings indicated that trauma‐related guilt and shame played adaptive and maladaptive roles after bullying victimization, which also provided a theoretical basis for the relevant intervention.
Patient perspectives and self‐rated knowledge of nerve transfer surgery for restoring upper limb function in spinal cord injury
Authors: Manna Mariam , Mortenson W. Ben , Kardeh Bahareh , Douglas Sam , Marks Chris , Krauss Emily M. , Berger Michael J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Nerve transfer surgery has the potential to restore upper limb function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, there has been limited exploration of patient perception of nerve transfer.

Objective

To explore the perspectives of patients with chronic SCI (>2 years from injury) on nerve transfer surgery, and to determine if an educational intervention improved participants' perceived knowledge levels about the procedure.

Design

Mixed‐methods study including qualitative semi‐structured interviews and self‐reported rating scales. Pre‐ and post‐interviews were completed following an educational presentation.

Setting

Two local SCI clinics.

Participants

Ten patients with chronic traumatic SCI and neurological level of injury C3‐C7 (motor complete or incomplete), recruited via snowball sampling (six male, four female).

Intervention

An educational slide presentation on nerve transfer concepts.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary study outcome measure is the participants' responses to interview questions. The secondary study outcome measure is their self‐reported knowledge levels of nerve transfer before and after education.

Results

Regaining upper limb function was a priority for all participants. Although most participants had heard of nerve transfer, none were offered it at the time of their SCI, and only two stated that they had any peers who had undergone the procedure. The educational module significantly increased self‐rated scores on understanding of nerve transfer (p < .05). Although all participants were open to nerve transfer after the educational module, they described weighing different factors, including (1) potential for loss versus gain of function, (2) inadequate knowledge about nerve transfer, (3) recovery time, and (4) determining their eligibility for the surgery.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that people with SCI have limited understanding of nerve transfer as a potential option and would benefit from educational opportunities to help them make informed decisions. This study may inform the development of patient resources to improve pre‐surgical consultation and informed decision‐making.
Inclusion of unexposed clusters improves the precision of fixed effects analysis of stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trials
Authors: Lee Kenneth Menglin , Ma Xiangmei , Yang Grace Meijuan , Cheung Yin Bun
Published: March 2022

Stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trials (SW‐CRTs) are typically analyzed using mixed effects models. The fixed effects model is a useful alternative that controls for all time‐invariant cluster‐level confounders and has proper control of type I error when the number of clusters is small. In principle, all clusters in SW‐CRTs are designed to eventually receive the intervention, but in real‐world research, some trials can end with unexposed clusters (clusters that never received the intervention), such as when a trial is terminated early based on interim analysis results. Typically, unexposed clusters are expected to contribute no information to the fixed effects intervention effect estimator and are excluded from fixed effects analyses. In this article we mathematically prove that inclusion of unexposed clusters improves the precision of the fixed effects least squares dummy variable (LSDV) intervention effect estimator, re‐analyze data from a recent SW‐CRT of a novel palliative care intervention containing an unexposed cluster, and evaluate the methods by simulation. We found that including unexposed clusters improves the precision of the fixed effects LSDV intervention effect estimator in both real and simulated datasets. Our simulations also reveal an increase in power and decrease in root mean square error. These improvements are present even if the assumptions of constant residual variance and period effects are violated. In the case that a SW‐CRT concludes with unexposed clusters, these unexposed clusters can be included in the fixed effects LSDV analysis to improve precision, power, and root mean square error.