bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can social media analytics assist authorities in pandemic-related policy decisions? Insights from Australian states and territories
Authors: Yigitcanlar Tan , Kankanamge Nayomi , Preston Alexander , Gill Palvinderjit Singh , Rezayee Maqsood , Ostandnia Mahsan , Xia Bo , Ioppolo Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives: Due to COVID-19, various countries introduced lockdowns and limited citizen movements. These restrictions triggered an increased use of digital technologies and platforms by the public. This provides an opportunity for the authorities to capture public perceptions on COVID-19 from social media channels to make informed decisions. The use of social media analytics during pandemics for decision-making, however, is an understudied area of research. Thus, this study aims to generate insights into how social media analytics can assist authorities in pandemic-related policy decisions.Methods: This study involved a social media analysis approach—i.e., systematic geo-Twitter analysis—that contains descriptive, content, sentiment, and spatial analyses. Australian states and territories are selected as the case study context for the empirical investigation. This study collected 96,666 geotagged tweets (originated from Australia between 1 January and 4 May 2020), and analysed 35,969 of them after data cleaning.Results: The findings disclose that: (a) Social media analytics is an efficient approach to capture the attitudes and perceptions of the public during a pandemic; (b) Crowdsourced social media data can guide interventions and decisions of the authorities during a pandemic, and; (c) Effective use of government social media channels can help the public to follow the introduced measures/restrictions.Conclusion: The findings are invaluable for authorities to understand community perceptions and identify communities in needs and demands in a pandemic situation, where authorities are not in a position to conduct direct and lengthily public consultations.
Manejo para a recuperação de forrageiras perenes estivais a danos por geada
Authors: Krahl Gustavo , Marocco Daison Henrique
Published: July 2020

Na região sul do Brasil, é frequente a ocorrência de geadas no inverno. Este evento climático pode provocar a morte das plantas, ou de suas partes. Portanto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os danos por geada em cinco espécies/cultivares de forrageiras perenes estivais (Capim Áries, Convert HD364, Capim Tangola, Jiggs e Missioneira-gigante), bem como a recuperação das plantas na estação subsequente após a remoção ou não da massa de forragem previamente a ocorrência das geadas. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina. No experimento de campo, ocorreram duas geadas, a primeira com moderada intensidade (-2°C) e a segunda com baixa intensidade (-0,5°C). Plantas em vasos foram submetidas a geadas artificiais em câmara BOD, com intensidade de -2°C e -4°C. Previamente ao período de ocorrência de baixas temperaturas, perfilhos de cada cultivar foram marcados. Os danos nas folhas de cada perfilho foram avaliados sete dias após cada geada. O percentual de dano foi composto pelo dano médio das folhas de cada perfilho, avaliado de forma visual, sempre pelo mesmo avaliador. A espécie missioneira-gigante tem alta tolerância a geadas. Cultivares do gênero Brachiaria (Urochloa) apresentam reduzida tolerância a danos por geadas. Dentre as cultivares com boa tolerância a geadas estão a Jiggs e Áries, com ressalva a cultivares com hábito de crescimento cespitoso ereto, que podem apresentar dificuldades na cobertura de solo após a morte de plantas posterior a geadas severas. O manejo de remoção ou não da massa previamente a geada não impactou na população de perfilhos na estação subsequente. Mais trabalhos devem ser realizados em locais com maior frequência e intensidade de geadas para validar esta informação. A avaliação de danos por geadas em plantas forrageiras em ambiente controlado apresenta-se como alternativa viável para a definição de níveis de tolerância a este evento climático.
AVALIAÇÃO SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO USADAS POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DA ZONA DA MATA
Authors: FONTES ARAUJO ROBERTO FONTES , Silva Fabrício Welington Souza , Araujo Eduardo Fontes , Assis Miquéias de Oliveira , Veiga Valéria Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

O valor da semente relacionado à germinação e ao vigor é relativamente bem compreendido pelos agricultores. No entanto, o conhecimento do papel da semente como veículo de disseminação de patógenos é ainda limitado. Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de feijão usadas por agricultores familiares, comparando-as com as qualidades das sementes de cultivares da EPAMIG. Inicialmente, foram obtidas amostras de sementes de feijão de 74 agricultores familiares e da EPAMIG. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto às qualidades sanitária e fisiológica. Apenas 19% dos agricultores produziram sementes com vigor semelhante ao daquelas da EPAMIG. Dos 74 lotes de sementes, 83% apresentaram contaminação por fungos. Aqueles que não apresentaram ocorrência de fungos (17%), coincidentemente, estão contidos naqueles 19% de lotes com alto vigor. Houve ocorrência do patógeno Colletotrichum lindemuthianum em 18% dos lotes, com incidência do fungo variando de 1 a 10% das sementes. A presença de Fusarium spp foi verificada em 65% dos lotes de sementes; contaminação preocupante, com incidência do fungo nos lotes contaminados na faixa de 1 a 17%. A incidência de Rhizoctonia solani foi menos preocupante do que a de Fusarium spp; verificou-se a contaminação em 14% dos lotes, com a incidência do fungo nas sementes variando de 1 a 3%. O fungo Macrophomina phaseolina ocorreu em 30 % dos lotes; a incidência nas sementes ficou na faixa de 1 a 6%. Em apenas 4% dos lotes foi encontrado o fungo Sclerotinea sclerotiorum; nesses lotes, a incidência nas sementes variou de 0,5 a 1%. Dos fungos de armazenamento, constatou-se a ocorrência de Aspergillus spp em 41% dos lotes, com a incidência do fungo variando de 1 a 18% nas sementes desses lotes. Já o Penicillium spp foi diagnosticado em 39% dos lotes, com porcentagens de incidência nas sementes na faixa de 1 a 25.
TOPOFILIA E TOPOFOBIA NOS PROCESSOS DE REALOCAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA VILA BECKER – PARANAGUÁ, PARANÁ
Authors: Dos Santos Giovanna Martins , Coutinho Isis Reichow , DE FARIAS GISLAINE GARCIA , Da Silva Manuela Dreyer
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou identificar e compreender as relações de topofilia e topofobia existentes na fração populacional do município de Paranaguá, Paraná, que residia no bairro Vila Becker e foi realocada para o Bairro Porto Seguro. A realocação foi ocasionada por conflitos socioambientais decorrentes da localização da V. Becker na chamada Zona de Interesse Portuário (ZIP), no entorno imediato de empresas que têm atividades relacionadas ao Porto de Paranaguá. Para compreender as relações que as pessoas possuem com o lugar onde habitam e a sua importância nos processos de realocação, este trabalho se baseou no estudo da singularidade do indivíduo, tendo como base os conceitos de topofilia (elo afetivo entre o indivíduo e o lugar) e topofobia (conceito no qual o lugar se torna desagradável ao indivíduo, podendo induzir à ansiedade e depressão). Para o estudo, foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais favoreceram a descrição das atitudes e dos valores dos indivíduos quanto ao lugar. As informações foram analisadas nas seguintes categorias: topofobia e topofilia da Vila Becker; topofobia e topofilia do bairro Porto Seguro e processo de realocação. A partir dessas categorias foi possível descrever algumas percepções socioambientais relacionadas com processos de realocação. Além disso, foram consideradas notícias relacionadas ao tema para elaboração de uma linha do tempo sobre este processo ocorrido na Vila Becker. As análises permitiram a compreensão de que as relações de topofilia e topofobia ocorrem em ambos os espaços geográficos.
Algorithm for sustainable water source and treatment selection process
Authors: Masterton Adrienne I. , Barkdoll Brian D.
Published: July 2020

World water supply is lacking in many places, making sanitation and reuse methods important. A new algorithm entitled ‘Drinking Water Source and Treatment Selection’ (DWSTS) to more sustainably select and compare water sources and treatment methods is introduced and demonstrated. Sustainability factors included in DWSTS include economic, social, and technical. DWSTS charts produced using this new method are an improvement over more traditional performance measures since they compare water sources based on a spectrum of considerations. The DWSTS method is demonstrated in a representative town. In water-scarce Muslim communities, the practice of ablution offers an opportunity for gray water reuse. Treating and reusing ablution gray water (AGW) was evaluated as part of the new DWSTS algorithm. Investigatory tools included in the new method were: household water use surveys, opinion leader interviews, an AGW collection device prototype design, treatment identification and testing, and comparison of attributes to those of existing water sources. Treatment methods examined were locally-made clay pot filter, coagulation and settling using moringa tree seeds, and P&G™ Purifier of Water. The DWSTS charts developed indicate AGW reuse could be socially acceptable, has potential to provide quality water, and would be financially competitive with existing sources. The DWSTS resulted in a more robust and environmentally sustainable solution than the conventional approach of simply considering cost.
Pollen Beads: A New Carrier for Propolis Active Compounds
Authors: Keskin Şaban , Trusheva Boryana , Popova Milena , Kolaylı Sevgi , Bankova Vassya
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pollen and propolis are two bee products with highly health promoting
properties. But there are some limitations of raw propolis usage not only in daily consumption but
also in putting it in food formulations. Propolis should be extracted to convert it into consumable
form and ethanol is the first choice as a solvent. But ethanol consumption, either in health-wise or
religious aspect, is one of the factors limiting the usage of propolis extract. The strong taste and
strong smell of propolis are other factors. The immobilization of propolis active compounds could
be a tool for overcoming either all or some of these factors.

Objective:

This study was aimed at immobilization of propolis active constituents on the surface of whole pollen grains.

Methods:

Chemical composition of raw propolis was determined by using GC-MS technique. Total
phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the samples were measured spectrophotometrically. The
release property of the beads was determined.

Results:

Immobilization efficiency was 53%. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of pollen,
propolis and pollen-propolis beads were measured. It was determined that pollen-propolis beads
contain more phenolics than pollen and propolis itself. Ferric reducing activity of the samples was
also investigated and pollen-propolis beads showed better activity. Release behavior of pollen and
pollen-propolis beads was studied in simulated digestive systems. Better release properties of
pollen-propolis beads were achieved in all tested systems as well. These findings support the
immobilization of propolis active compounds on the surface of whole pollen grains.

Conclusion:

It could be concluded that the product obtained, pollen-propolis beads, could be
considered as a more valuable healthy product since the synergistic action of pollen and propolis.
Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Vascular Remodeling after Stroke
Authors: Yang Yi , Torbey Michel T.
Published: July 2020

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a natural defense mechanism helping
to restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected brain tissue following an ischemic stroke. By
stimulating vessel growth, angiogenesis may stabilize brain perfusion, thereby promoting neuronal
survival, brain plasticity, and neurologic recovery. However, therapeutic angiogenesis after stroke
faces challenges: new angiogenesis-induced vessels have a higher than normal permeability, and
treatment to promote angiogenesis may exacerbate outcomes in stroke patients. The development of
therapies requires elucidation of the precise cellular and molecular basis of the disease. Microenvironment
homeostasis of the central nervous system is essential for its normal function and is maintained
by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tight junction proteins (TJP) form the tight junction (TJ)
between vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and play a key role in regulating the BBB permeability.
We demonstrated that after stroke, new angiogenesis-induced vessels in peri-infarct areas have
abnormally high BBB permeability due to a lack of major TJPs in ECs. Therefore, promoting TJ
formation and BBB integrity in the new vessels coupled with speedy angiogenesis will provide a
promising and safer treatment strategy for improving recovery from stroke. Pericyte is a central
neurovascular unite component in vascular barriergenesis and are vital to BBB integrity. We found
that pericytes also play a key role in stroke-induced angiogenesis and TJ formation in the newly
formed vessels. Based on these findings, in this article, we focus on regulation aspects of the BBB
functions and describe cellular and molecular special features of TJ formation with an emphasis on
role of pericytes in BBB integrity during angiogenesis after stroke.
Momordica charantia Seed and Aryl Extracts Potentiate Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis by Dual Blocking of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways as a Downstream Target of EGFR Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Basaran Guzide Satir , Bekci Hatice , Baldemir Ayse , Ilgun Selen , Cumaoglu Ahmet
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:

Herbal extracts and plant compounds are increasingly becoming
of interest for their therapeutic potential in various cancer types. Momordica charantia is well
known for its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.

Methods:

In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of
Momordica charantia seed and aryl extracts on breast cancer cells and explored the underlying
molecular mechanisms.

Results:

Our results showed that both extract significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and MDA
MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced apoptosis by upregulation of caspase
9 and caspase 3 mRNA levels. In addition, in different incubation time, both extract evidently inhibited
EGF and induced EGFR phosphorylation/activation in both cell lines. Moreover, Momordica
charantia aryl and seed extracts inhibited phosphorylation/activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK
(ERK and P38) pathways in both cell lines.

Conclusion:

The current study clearly demonstrates that the Momordica charantia aryl and seed extracts
have the potential to exert its cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells by a mechanism involving
inhibition of EGFR and EGRF related pathways with the induction of apoptosis. The overall finding
demonstrates that this plant, especially seed extract, could be a potential source of new anticancer
compounds for possible drug development against cancer.
Association Between Magnesium and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Obesity
Authors: de Oliveira Ana R.S. , Cruz Kyria J.C. , Morais Jennifer B.S. , Severo Juliana S. , Beserra Jéssica B. , dos Santos Loanne R. , de Sousa Melo Stéfany R. , Luz Larissa M. , de Sousa Leidejaira A. , de Matos Neto Emídio M. , de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Freitas Betânia , do Nascimento Nogueira Nadir , do Nascimento Marreiro Dilina
Published: July 2020

Background:

The role of minerals in preventing the generation of oxidative stress in
obese individuals has been evaluated. Magnesium is an antioxidant nutrient and a cofactor of enzymes
involved in the cell membrane stabilization, attenuating the effects of oxidative stress.

Objective:

To evaluate the association between magnesium and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) in patients with obesity and eutrophic women.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 women, divided into two groups: case
group (patients with obesity, n=27) and control group (eutrophic women, n=46). Measurements of
body mass index and waist circumference were performed. Dietary magnesium intake was assessed
by the three-day food record using the NutWin software. Urinary magnesium concentration was
measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also determined.

Results:

Mean values of dietary magnesium intake were 161.59 ± 60.04 and 158.73 ± 31.96 for patients
with obesity and control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups
studied (p >0.05). The value of urinary excretion of magnesium was lower than the reference values
in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups studied (p >0.05). The plasma concentration
of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly higher in patients with obesity
compared to the control group (p <0.001). There was no correlation between levels of magnesium
biomarkers and the concentration of TBARS (p >0.05).

Conclusion:

Patients with obesity showed a reduced dietary magnesium intake which seems to induce
hypomagnesuria as a compensatory mechanism. The marker of oxidative stress evaluated in this
study was not influenced by magnesium.
Regenerative Medicine Under the Control of 3D Scaffolds: Current State and Progress of Tissue Scaffolds
Authors: Golchin Ali , Farzaneh Sina , Porjabbar Bahareh , Sadegian Fatemeh , Estaji Masoumeh , Ranjbarvan Parviz , Kanafimahbob Mohammad , Ranjbari Javad , Salehi-Nik Nasim , Hosseinzadeh Simzar
Published: July 2020

Currently, combining stem cells (SCs) with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for the future of biomedicine and regenerative medicine (RG). The cells need similar substrates of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for normal tissue development, which signifies the importance of three dimensional (3D) scaffolds to determine cell fate. Herein, the importance and positive contributions of corresponding 3D scaffolds on cell functions, including cell interactions, cell migrations, and nutrient delivery, are presented. Furthermore, the synthesis techniques which are recruited to fabricate the 3D scaffolds are discussed, and the related studies of 3D scaffold for different tissues are also reported in this paper. This review focuses on 3D scaffolds that have been used for tissue engineering purposes and directing stem cell fate as a means of producing replacements for biomedical applications.
COVID-19 in Dental Practice: Transmission Risk, Infection Control Challenge, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Aldahlawi Salwa A. , Afifi Ibtesam K.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a worldwide, significant public health challenge. Dental care providers are at high risk due to the nature of their profession, which necessitates close proximity to the patient's oropharyngeal region and the use of droplet and aerosol-generating procedures.

Methods:

A review of the evolving literature on the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Published articles addressing SARS-CoV2 transmission modes and risks, and infection control procedures required in the dental office to protect dental patients and health care providers were assessed. Also, clinical guidelines on the management of dental patients during the pandemic were reviewed.

Results:

The established modes of transmission of SARS-CoV2 appear to be through respiratory droplets and through close contact with either symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. In addition to standard precautions of infection control widely followed in dental practices, extra precautionary measures are needed to control the spread of this highly infectious disease. Dental treatment during the pandemic is limited to emergent and urgent cases after a meticulous patient risk assessment and dental needs are triaged to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission and avoid cross-contamination.

Conclusion:

Dentists should be aware of the recently updated knowledge about COVID-19 modes of transmission and the recommended infection control measures in dental settings. Effective management protocols to regulate droplet and aerosol contamination in the dental clinic should be implemented to deliver dental care in a safe environment.
Evaluation of Prognostic Factors Associated with Postoperative Complications Following Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst Surgery
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mojtaba , Hashemi Mozaffar , Azizallahi Nasim
Published: July 2020

Background:

Hydatid cysts are one of the serious complications following echinococcus infection. The liver and the lungs are the most affected organs, respectively. The severity of the disease is associated with the increase in the number and the size of the cysts, cysts rupture, and systemic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic factors that are associated with the increased incidence of postoperative complications following pulmonary hydatid cyst surgery.

Methods:

Patients referred to Madani hospital from 2014-2018, presenting pulmonary hydatid cysts were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated based on the following parameters: age, gender, location and size of the cysts, rupture status of the cysts (intact or perforated), type of surgical intervention (capitonnage or segmentectomy) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). The factors were then compared with postoperative complications. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was conducted using R-software

Results:

Of 76 patients enrolled in our study, 52.63% were males and 47.36% were female. Air leak complication was reported in 13.15% of the patients and 3.94% of the patients were presented with pleural effusion. Postoperative complications were significantly associated with the perforated (ruptured) cysts p= 0.001, segmentectomy p= 0.013, giant hydatid cysts p= 0.007 and ESR p= 0.014. However, the side of the lung was not significantly related to postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Our study reports that perforated cysts, increased size, segmentectomy and abnormal ESR are likely to increase postoperative complications following pulmonary hydatid cysts surgery. Prospective studies with perioperative parameters and greater sample size can help to deduce better inferences.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hempcrete
Authors: Demir İsmail , Doğan Cüneyt
Published: July 2020

Background:

Environment-friendly materials attract attention whilst the construction sector causes excessive global energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. Renewable plant-based biomaterials, which have a low environmental impact, are very beneficial in order to prevent environmental pollution and to preserve natural resources. Hempcrete provides environment-friendly construction materials as well as thermal and hygroscopic properties.

Objective:

This paper presents a review of hempcrete research about understanding the environmental effects and construction methods of hempcrete; moreover, the benefits and innovations it has provided throughout its life cycle, have been investigated.

Methods:

For this purpose, experimental studies of hempcrete were compared to each other in all aspects in order to determine density, thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, hygrometric behavior, durability, acoustic absorption, mechanical properties and life cycle analysis. Moreover, binder characteristics, hemp shiv proportions, water content, curing conditions and results have been focused on to explain the benefits of hempcrete.

Results:

The results obtained show that hempcrete has high porosity and vapor permeability, medium-low density, low thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus and compressive strength.

Conclusion:

Based upon the findings of the studies reviewed, hempcrete is an advantageous material in buildings with its extraordinary thermal and hygrometric behaviour. Hemp is also an eco-friendly and economical plant-based raw material for the construction industry.
An authentic assessment model to assess kindergarten students' character
Authors: Faizah Umi , Zuchdi Darmiyati , Alsamiri Yasir
Published: July 2020

The aim of character development is essential to know, especially for kindergarten pupils. It might help teachers in developing students and offering helps and services. Thus, an assessment model is needed to identify children's character development easily and accurately. This study aims to (1) develop an assessment model for evaluating kindergarten pupils’ character which is considered valid, reliable, and fulfill the criteria of goodness of fit statistic, and (2) know the characteristics of an authentic assessment model instrument to assess the achievements of early childhood characters in kindergarten. This research used Plomp’s Research and Development Model. Data were collected using a questionnaire, documentation, interview, observation, and Focus Group Discussion. The validation was proven by the expert judgment with the Aiken’s V formula and the reliability was estimated with Cronbach’s Alpha. The validation construct and reliability were examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis to ensure the result. Furthermore, the results of this research show that (1) the assessment model developed is ASOKA. This model is considered valid and reliable as it meets the criteria of goodness and fits the statistic; (2) the characteristics of an authentic assessment model instrument to assess the achievements of early childhood characters in kindergarten are: (a) with the index of Aiken's V analysis results of 0.901, the content validity is considered high; (b) the instrument construct validity has fulfilled the criteria of goodness of fit statistic; (c) as seen from Alpha Cronbach value coefficient 0.914, its instrument reliability is considered good enough.
NGSS-oriented chemistry test instruments: Validity and reliability analysis with the Rasch model
Authors: Lia Roudloh Muna , Rusilowati Ani , Isnaeni Wiwi
Published: July 2020

The instrument of measuring test attributes must be valid and reliable. This study was carried out since the validity and reliability testing of the chemistry items used by the testee is necessary. This study aims to estimate the validity and determine the reliability of chemical test instruments oriented Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The research was conducted through a quantitative descriptive approach in two vocational schools of engineering program which had 130 testees. The instrument used was an NGSS-oriented chemistry test instrument containing 35 items and an expert validation questionnaire. The obtained test participant's response from the test instrument was collected through the documentation method. Item in NGSS test were presented to three subject matters experts. The validities used were the content validity and the construct validity. The reliability was tested through internal consistency and interrater consistency approaches. The results show that content validity (Aiken’s V) is at a range of 0.50 to 1.00. The value of the unexplained variance is less than 10%, which means that it is well-categorized. This analysis is strengthened by CFA which has a goodness of fit and a good measurement model fit. The parameters used to test model fit are CFI, NFI, RMSEA and the value of loading factor. Some results values are over 0.90 and RMSEA is 0.00 and more than 0.3 of loading factor value on each item. All scales had alpha reliability more than the criteria of 0.70. Thus, the developed chemical test item were proven as valid and reliable instruments.
Untold Stories in User-Centered Design of Mobile Health: Practical Challenges and Strategies Learned From the Design and Evaluation of an App for Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Cornet Victor Philip , Toscos Tammy , Bolchini Davide , Rohani Ghahari Romisa , Ahmed Ryan , Daley Carly , Mirro Michael J , Holden Richard J
Published: July 2020

Background

User-centered design (UCD) is a powerful framework for creating useful, easy-to-use, and satisfying mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, the literature seldom reports the practical challenges of implementing UCD, particularly in the field of mHealth.

Objective

This study aims to characterize the practical challenges encountered and propose strategies when implementing UCD for mHealth.

Methods

Our multidisciplinary team implemented a UCD process to design and evaluate a mobile app for older adults with heart failure. During and after this process, we documented the challenges the team encountered and the strategies they used or considered using to address those challenges.

Results

We identified 12 challenges, 3 about UCD as a whole and 9 across the UCD stages of formative research, design, and evaluation. Challenges included the timing of stakeholder involvement, overcoming designers’ assumptions, adapting methods to end users, and managing heterogeneity among stakeholders. To address these challenges, practical recommendations are provided to UCD researchers and practitioners.

Conclusions

UCD is a gold standard approach that is increasingly adopted for mHealth projects. Although UCD methods are well-described and easily accessible, practical challenges and strategies for implementing them are underreported. To improve the implementation of UCD for mHealth, we must tell and learn from these traditionally untold stories.
Exploring Suicidal Ideation Using an Innovative Mobile App-Strength Within Me: The Usability and Acceptability of Setting up a Trial Involving Mobile Technology and Mental Health Service Users
Authors: Bruen Ashley Jane , Wall Abbie , Haines-Delmont Alina , Perkins Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Background

Suicide is a growing global public health problem that has resulted in an increase in the demand for psychological services to address mental health issues. It is expected that 1 in 6 people on a waiting list for mental health services will attempt suicide. Although suicidal ideation has been shown to be linked to a higher risk of death by suicide, not everybody openly discloses their suicidal thoughts or plans to friends and family or seeks professional help before suicide. Therefore, new methods are needed to track suicide risk in real time together with a better understanding of the ways in which people communicate or express their suicidality. Considering the dynamic nature and challenges in understanding suicide ideation and suicide risk, mobile apps could be better suited to prevent suicide as they have the ability to collect real-time data.

Objective

This study aims to report the practicalities and acceptability of setting up and trialing digital technologies within an inpatient mental health setting in the United Kingdom and highlight their implications for future studies.

Methods

Service users were recruited from 6 inpatient wards in the north west of England. Service users who were eligible to participate and provided consent were given an iPhone and Fitbit for 7 days and were asked to interact with a novel phone app, Strength Within Me (SWiM). Interaction with the app involved journaling (recording daily activities, how this made them feel, and rating their mood) and the option to create safety plans for emotions causing difficulties (identifying strategies that helped with these emotions). Participants also had the option to allow the study to access their personal Facebook account to monitor their social media use and activity. In addition, clinical data (ie, assessments conducted by trained researchers targeting suicidality, depression, and sleep) were also collected.

Results

Overall, 43.0% (80/186 response rate) of eligible participants were recruited for the study. Of the total sample, 67 participants engaged in journaling, with the average number of entries per user being 8.2 (SD 8.7). Overall, only 24 participants created safety plans and the most common difficult emotion to be selected was feeling sad (n=21). This study reports on the engagement with the SWiM app, the technical difficulties the research team faced, the importance of building key relationships, and the implications of using Facebook as a source to detect suicidality.

Conclusions

To develop interventions that can be delivered in a timely manner, prediction of suicidality must be given priority. This paper has raised important issues and highlighted lessons learned from implementing a novel mobile app to detect the risk of suicidality for service users in an inpatient setting.
Diagnostic Value of Imaging Modalities for COVID-19: Scoping Review
Authors: Aljondi Rowa , Alghamdi Salem
Published: July 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. Radiological examination plays a crucial role in the early identification and management of infected patients.

Objective

The aim of this review was to identify the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities used for diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords diagnostic imaging, radiology, respiratory infection, pneumonia, coronavirus infection and COVID-19 were used to identify radiology articles focusing on the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine the diagnostic value of various imaging modalities, including x-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine for identification and management of infected patients.

Results

We identified 50 articles in the literature search. Studies that investigated the diagnostic roles and imaging features of patients with COVID-19, using either chest CT, lung ultrasound, chest x-ray, or positron emission topography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, were discussed. Of these imaging modalities, chest x-ray and CT scan are the most commonly used for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, with chest CT scan being more accurate and sensitive in identifying COVID-19 at early stages. Only a few studies have investigated the roles of ultrasound and PET/CT scan in diagnosing COVID-19.

Conclusions

Chest CT scan remains the most sensitive imaging modality in initial diagnosis and management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19. Other diagnostic imaging modalities could add value in evaluating disease progression and monitoring critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Untold Stories in User-Centered Design of Mobile Health: Practical Challenges and Strategies Learned From the Design and Evaluation of an App for Older Adults With Heart Failure (Preprint)
Authors: Cornet Victor Philip , Toscos Tammy , Bolchini Davide , Rohani Ghahari Romisa , Ahmed Ryan , Daley Carly , Mirro Michael J , Holden Richard J
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

User-centered design (UCD) is a powerful framework for creating useful, easy-to-use, and satisfying mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, the literature seldom reports the practical challenges of implementing UCD, particularly in the field of mHealth.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to characterize the practical challenges encountered and propose strategies when implementing UCD for mHealth.

METHODS

Our multidisciplinary team implemented a UCD process to design and evaluate a mobile app for older adults with heart failure. During and after this process, we documented the challenges the team encountered and the strategies they used or considered using to address those challenges.

RESULTS

We identified 12 challenges, 3 about UCD as a whole and 9 across the UCD stages of formative research, design, and evaluation. Challenges included the timing of stakeholder involvement, overcoming designers’ assumptions, adapting methods to end users, and managing heterogeneity among stakeholders. To address these challenges, practical recommendations are provided to UCD researchers and practitioners.

CONCLUSIONS

UCD is a gold standard approach that is increasingly adopted for mHealth projects. Although UCD methods are well-described and easily accessible, practical challenges and strategies for implementing them are underreported. To improve the implementation of UCD for mHealth, we must tell and learn from these traditionally untold stories.
Risk-Taking Behaviors and Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Users of Geosocial Networking Apps: Real-Word, Multicenter Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Zhang Jing , Chu Zhenxing , Hu Qinghai , Dong Willa , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Yaokai , Wang Hui , He Xiaoqing , Zhang Lukun , Hu Zhili , Bao Rantong , Li Shangcao , Li Hang , Cui Sitong , Jin Xia , Ding Haibo , Geng Wenqing , Jiang Yongjun , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Over half of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking (GSN) apps to encounter sex partners. GSN apps’ users have become a unique large subpopulation among MSM for interventions concerning HIV prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising measure for HIV prevention, especially for MSM, but its effectiveness largely depends on medication adherence. However, little is known about PrEP adherence among GSN apps’ users, which is critical to addressing the overall optimization of PrEP compliance outside of clinical trials in the context of large-scale implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between GSN apps’ use and medication adherence among MSM receiving PrEP, with the aim to increase their awareness about PrEP use in order to increase adherence.

METHODS

This study based on the China Real-world Oral intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) project, a multicenter, real-world study of Chinese MSM on daily and event-driven PrEP. Eligible participants completed a detailed computer-assisted self-interview on sociodemographic, GSN apps’ use, and sexual behavior. Then participants were followed up for 12 months and assessed for various characteristics (eg, PrEP delivery, adherence assessment, PrEP coverage of sexual activities, and regimens switch). A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the predictors of medication adherence and regimen conversion among GSN apps’ users and nonusers.

RESULTS

At baseline, 756 of the 1023 eligible participants (73.90%) reported primarily using GSN apps to seek sexual partners, and GSN apps’ users are more likely to have high-risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and condomless anal intercourse than other nonusers (all P<.05). During follow-up, GSN apps’ users had a significantly low level of pill-counting adherence than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0, P=.038). In the event-driven group, GSN apps’ users had marginally lower levels of self-reported adherence (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.060) and lower PrEP coverage of sexual practices (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.038). Additionally, GSN apps’ users seemed more likely to switch from event-driven to daily regimen (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.3, P=.084).

CONCLUSIONS

GSN apps’ users are highly prevalent among MSM, despite their higher sexual risk and lower adherence levels, suggesting that eHealth needs to be introduced to the GSN platform to promote PrEP adherence.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IIN-17013762; https://tinyurl.com/yy2mhrv4.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1186/s12879-019-4355-y
Utilization and Outcomes of Single and Dual Kidney Transplants from Older Deceased Donors in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ibrahim Maria , Greenhall George H.B. , Summers Dominic M. , Mumford Lisa , Johnson Rachel , Baker Richard J. , Forsythe John , Pettigrew Gavin J. , Ahmad Niaz , Callaghan Chris J.
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives

Kidneys from elderly deceased donors are often discarded after procurement if the expected outcomes from single kidney transplantation are considered unacceptable. An alternative is to consider them for dual kidney transplantation. We aimed to examine the utilization of kidneys from donors aged ≥60 years in the United Kingdom and compare clinical outcomes of dual versus single kidney transplant recipients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Data from the United Kingdom Transplant Registry from 2005 to 2017 were analyzed. We examined utilization rates of kidneys retrieved from deceased donors aged ≥60 years, and 5-year patient and death-censored graft survival of recipients of dual and single kidney transplants. Secondary outcomes included eGFR. Multivariable analyses and propensity score analysis were used to correct for differences between the groups.

Results

During the study period, 7841 kidneys were procured from deceased donors aged ≥60 years, of which 1338 (17%) were discarded; 356 dual and 5032 single kidneys were transplanted. Donors of dual transplants were older (median, 73 versus 66 years; P<0.001) and had higher United States Kidney Donor Risk Indices (2.48 versus 1.98; P<0.001). Recipients of dual transplants were also older (64 versus 61 years; P<0.001) and had less favorable human leukocyte antigen matching (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, dual and single transplants had similar 5-year graft survival (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12). No difference in patient survival was demonstrated. Similar findings were observed in a matched cohort with a propensity score analysis method. Median 12-month eGFR was significantly higher in the dual kidney transplant group (40 versus 36 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P<0.001).

Conclusions

Recipients of kidneys from donors aged ≥60 years have similar 5-year graft survival and better graft function at 12 months with dual compared with single deceased donor kidney transplants.
Insights into Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease from Genetic Studies
Authors: Lanktree Matthew B. , Haghighi Amirreza , di Bari Ighli , Song Xuewen , Pei York
Published: July 2020

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common monogenic cause of ESKD. Genetic studies from patients and animal models have informed disease pathobiology and strongly support a “threshold model” in which cyst formation is triggered by reduced functional polycystin dosage below a critical threshold within individual tubular epithelial cells due to (1) germline and somatic PKD1 and/or PKD2 mutations, (2) mutations of genes (e.g., SEC63, SEC61B, GANAB, PRKCSH, DNAJB11, ALG8, and ALG9) in the endoplasmic reticulum protein biosynthetic pathway, or (3) somatic mosaicism. Genetic testing has the potential to provide diagnostic and prognostic information in cystic kidney disease. However, mutation screening of PKD1 is challenging due to its large size and complexity, making it both costly and labor intensive. Moreover, conventional Sanger sequencing–based genetic testing is currently limited in elucidating the causes of atypical polycystic kidney disease, such as within-family disease discordance, atypical kidney imaging patterns, and discordant disease severity between total kidney volume and rate of eGFR decline. In addition, environmental factors, genetic modifiers, and somatic mosaicism also contribute to disease variability, further limiting prognostication by mutation class in individual patients. Recent innovations in next-generation sequencing are poised to transform and extend molecular diagnostics at reasonable costs. By comprehensive screening of multiple cystic disease and modifier genes, targeted gene panel, whole-exome, or whole-genome sequencing is expected to improve both diagnostic and prognostic accuracy to advance personalized medicine in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Empowering students’ critical thinking skills, information literacy and cognitive learning outcome through RBL-TPS model
Authors: Narahaubun Siti S. , Rehena Johanis F. , Rumahlatu Dominggus
Published: July 2020

The use of proper learning model by teachers’ in a class room is crucial to be done in addressing the better learning quality. This study aimed at improving learning quality by choosing the most optimum learning model.  This research was a quasi-experimental study using nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. This study was conducted in Senior High School 9 and Senior High School 5 of Ambon in academic year 2018/2019.The total sample used in this research was 127 students. The Critical Thingking Skills (CTS) and Cognitive Learning Outcome (CLO) tests as well as information literacy observation sheets were used as the instruments to gain the data. The data obtained in terms of students’ CTS, CLO ang information literacy were analyzed using inferential statistics (ANCOVA and LSD tests). The results showed that there were significant differences among X graders’ CTS, CLO, and information literacy [F(1,124)  = 64.380, F(1,124) = 68.238  F(1,124) = 26.078 ,  p < 0.05] respectively, who were taught using RBL-TPS learning model in biodiversity material. In the other words, the RBL-TPS learning model is able to empower students’ CTS, CLO, and information literacy compared to the common learning model used by biology teachers. Thus, the used of RBL-TPS is recommended to be implemented in the other biology learning materials.
Developing of fish anatomy learning module based on local wisdom in Ngebel Lake, Ponorogo, East Java
Authors: Primiani Cicilia Novi , Prayitno Trio Ageng , Dinka Egista
Published: July 2020

The use of local wisdom as learning resources has been widely known to be able to create meaningful learning. The purposes of this study were to 1) produce module based on freshwater fish anatomy as local wisdom in Ngebel Lake, Ponorogo and 2) find the quality of the module produced. The Research and Development (R&D) was designed based on the Thiagarajan model which consisted of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages. The data were collected using interview guidelines, validation sheets, and students’ response questionnaire. The validation results of the media, material, and language experts showed that the module was very valid with the percentages were 86.5%, 88.2%, and 85.3% respectively. In addition, the student responses reached 87.9% (very good). In conclusion, the fish anatomy learning module based on local wisdom is appropriate to be used as learning resource.
Examining students’ Self-Assessment of Digital Argumentation (SADA) in e-biology class: A Rasch analysis
Authors: Lukitasari Marheny , Handika Jeffry , Murtafiah Wasilatul , Nurhikmawati Agita Risma
Published: July 2020

Self-Assessment of Digital Argumentation (SADA) is considerable instrument to assess students’ digital argumentation (DA) in e-learning model.  The research objectives were: (1) to investigate how SADA can be used as an instrument for assessing students’ DA; and (2) to access students’ DA through SADA in e-Biology class. The study population was 132 students of Biology Education Department of UNIPMA in which the 64 students as the samples were taken purposively. The instrument used was the SADA questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Rasch model. The statistical summary showed that the interaction between respondents and items was very good (Cronbach alpha was 0.95 > 0.8). Meanwhile, the person reliability (0.92) and item reliability (0.75) were categorized as were categorized as "good". This study also revealed that there were 26.69% of students classified as having high DA, 40.63% have a moderate DA, and 29.69% have a low DA. This research proves that SADA can be used to measure students' self-assessment in doing their DA during e-learning. SADA also helps students evaluate their own learning process.