bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrochloric acid producing higher purity of glucosamine than sulfuric acid: a comparison study with different detection approaches
Authors: Kornrawudaphikasama Yosita , Laokua Natwikar , Rittiyan Nutnicha , Klinsalee Rachaneekorn , Tonawut Yothawut , Preechaphonkul Nathanan , Pikulthong Narongwit , Maneeruttanarungroj Cherdsak
Published: July 2024

In this study, HCl and H2SO4 were used to compare the best conditions for producing glucosamine from the dry chitin of shrimp shells. The results showed that for HCl hydrolysis, the most favored conditions were 12 M, 80 °C, 2 hours, and a chitin-to-acid volume ratio of 1:20, whereas, for H2SO4 hydrolysis, the most favored conditions were 6 M, 90 °C, 5 hours, and a chitin to acid volume ratio of 1:20. HCl produced pured glucosamine with a higher yield than H2SO4. Additionally, our findings indicated that glucosamine could be detected using a UV detector with a weak signal, whereas we recommended using an RI detector for a comparably stronger signal. Our production maximum yield of 283.9 ± 13.8 mg Gln g−1 chitin from HCl hydrolysis was comparable to that of other studies, with a comparison between using HCl and H2SO4 being highlighted.
Optimization of the biofuel production by idealized fermentation of the animal manure, chicken wastes, and sewage sludge
Authors: Afifi Mohamed M. I. , El-Shehawy Ashraf A. , Ali Fatma A. A.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to optimize an economic procedure to produce biogas and bio-ethanol from different organic wastes such as sewage sludge (SS) and/or cattle dung (CD) and/or poultry manure (PM). The experiment was carried out at a wastewater treatment plant in Egypt. Each waste type was mixed with the starter, CaCO3, and water then loaded in a fermenter and kept for 35 days at 35 °C under the anaerobic digestion. The evolved volume of the biogas and the content of methane CH4 were measured daily while the cellulase and protease enzymes were tested every four days. Results have indicated that the digester containing the SS has produced the greatest biogas volume (L) 27.45 Lb/D/d (liters biogas/digester/day), 0.61 Lb/D contents’ volume/d, and cumulative 606.30 Lb/D during the 16th day. Significant CH4 volume percentages produced during the 17th day were 72.07, 71.16, and 71.11% while the produced bio-ethanol alcohol was 2.47, 2.32, and 1.99% from the SS, CD, and PM, respectively. The procedure efficiency is prominent by the production of the biogases and in-situ activating enzymes all in one reactor that was periodically monitored for its reactants and product content. No need for the pre-treatment of wastes as raw materials or chemical additives and the fermented residue can be further tested for soil fertilization. These wastes can be promising for bio-energy production being economic and environment friendly.
Response surface methodology approach for optimization of biosorption process for removal of Hg(II) ions by immobilized Algal biomass Coelastrella sp.
Authors: AlSarji Ali Hussine , Al-Humairi Shurooq Talib , AlMukhtar Riyadh Sadeq , Alardhi Saja Mohsen , Sulyman Mohamed , Fattah I.M.R.
Published: July 2024

Currently, adsorption stands as a viable technique for the effective removal of pollutants such as heavy metals from water. Within this research endeavor, adapted green algae (Coelastrella sp.) have been harnessed as a sustainable and environmentally conscious adsorbent, employed in the removal of Hg(II) ions from a simulated aqueous solution via employment of an Airlift bioreactor. The analysis of the attributes of adsorbent was conducted through the utilization of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The examination of residual concentrations of Hg(II) ions in the treated solution was accomplished through the utilization of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The impact of various experimental factors, including the duration of contact (ranging from 10 to 90 minutes), initial concentrations of Hg(II) ions (ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/l), quantity of adsorbent introduced (ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 g per 250 ml), temperature variations (ranging from 20 to 40 °C), and airflow velocity (ranging from 200 to 300 ml/min), was systematically examined. For the optimization of adsorption efficiency, MINITAB 18 software was employed. The equilibrium data was subjected to analysis using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Employing the framework recommended by MINITAB 18, the optimal parameters for adsorption were identified as 2000 μg/l for initial concentration, 90 minutes for contact time, 40 °C for temperature, and 300 ml/min for airflow rate. The Langmuir equation yielded the highest adsorption capacity, measuring 750 μg/g at a temperature of 40 °C.
UV irradiation grafting of butyl acrylate on polyimide membrane for enhanced lubricant solvent recovery
Authors: Shi Huilong , Shi Deqing , Liu Bowen , Li Chengshuai , Chen Hongjie
Published: July 2024

As one single membrane material could not fulfill the requests of chemical stability, mechanical strength, and resistance to pollution in practical applications. Modifications of the membrane to improve its separation performance were of great significance. In this study, UV irradiation grafting modification was employed and butyl acrylate was selected as a modification monomer for polyimide membrane to improve its lipophilicity and separation efficiency in lubricant solvent recovery. And effects of monomer concentration, irradiation distance, and grafting time on the grafting results and separation properties of modified polyimide membranes were investigated. The results exhibited that modified polyimide membranes obtained an enhanced lubricant retention rate compared with raw membranes, which increased from 66.5% to 93.1%. The industrial test for 40 days proved the great stability of modified polyimide membranes. Overall, this work confirmed the good industrial utilization potential of modified polyimide membranes and offered an effective way for lubricant solvent recovery.
Current and Future Trends in Undergraduate Physical Education
Authors: JINGA Gheorghe ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate prevailing trends and future developments in college physical education, with a particular focus on technology adoption, mental health, integration of emerging sports, and adaptation to diversity. The methodology used includes analysis of existing literature and case studies, complemented by surveys distributed to physical education students and teachers. Key findings indicate an increase in the use of digital technologies in learning, an increased recognition of the importance of mental health within physical education programmes, a gradual integration of emerging sports into curricula and a growing concern for inclusion and accessibility. The conclusions drawn suggest that university physical education is in a phase of significant transformation, with positive implications for the holistic development of students. It is essential that higher education institutions continue to innovate and adapt to the needs of students in order to remain relevant in today's dynamic educational landscape
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS V
Authors: Dewi Setiawati Gusti Ayu , Ari Marianti Ni Wayan , Anggreni Ni Made
Published: July 2024

Proses pembelajaran IPA yang diperoleh di sekolah dasar tidak sekadar menghafalkan konsep-konsep untuk menghasilkan pemahaman yang utuh, melainkan konsep-konsep IPA tersebut dipelajari dan dipahami dengan baik sehingga tidak mudah dilupakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar IPA Kelas V SD. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain quasi experiment yaitu pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 23 Pemecutan Denpasar Barat selama enam (bulan) dimulai dari perencanaannya. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik Kelas V SD Negeri 23 Pemecutan Denpasar Barat. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan non-probability dengan sampling jenuh sehingga diperoleh kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes berjenis pilihan ganda. Tes terdiri dari 20 butir soal yang telah diuji validitas isi, validitas butir soal, uji reliabilitas, uji daya beda, tingkat kesukaran dan efektivitas pengecoh. Selanjutnya hasil pretest dan postest dianalisis dengan statistik inferensial berbantuan SPSS 25.0 yang meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis dengan uji-t. Hasil uji hipotesis melalui uji-t menunjukkan, sig.2 tailed sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, di mana berarti H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, sehingga dapat ditarik simpulan yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar IPA Kelas V SD Negeri 23 Pemecutan Denpasar Barat.
Confident supervisors: creating independent researchers
Authors: Gasson Susan , Blacker Jillian , Stoodley Ian , Winter Abbe , Bruce Christine
Published: July 2024

Confident Supervisors is intended to be both a textbook and a professional development resource for Higher Degree Research supervisors and researcher developers involved in providing workshops and resources to support research supervisors in their practice. Throughout this book, authors introduce different theoretical frameworks and concepts to provide supervisors with tools and strategies for responding to the challenges and opportunities associated with research supervision. It contains chapters written by current supervisors and research support partners who are engaged in the scholarship of supervision and can share the practical and theoretical constructs they employ in their practice. The authors have been drawn from a broad range of higher education and research contexts and contribute understandings of local and global relevance. This openly available eBook responds to turbulent times in higher education, offering practical tips and suggestions for supervisors to pivot to changing contexts.
„Ale pozostawię wam przy życiu tych, którzy ujdą miecza pogan”: Ez 6 w świetle retoryki hebrajskiej
Authors: Bosowski Jerzy
Published: July 2024

Badany tekst był wielokrotnie opracowywany przez egzegetów, którzy posługiwali się metodami diachronicznymi i holistycznymi. Dlatego celem stało się zastosowanie metody retoryki hebrajskiej, która należy do metod synchronicznych. Budzi to nadzieję na dokonanie nowych odkryć. W badaniu, w analizie oddolnej, odkryto struktury w tekście. Natomiast w analizie odgórnej udało się odkryć strukturę całego tekstu jako paralelno-koncentryczną o kompozycji lustrzanej. Wykryto też systemy liczbowe liczby 7. Wniosek wyciągnięty z przeprowadzonych badań to obraz Boga, który jest Wszechmogący. Zapowiadane zniszczenie idolatrii będzie pełne. Jednak jest też obraz Boga Miłosiernego, na co wskazuje w. 8a.
Historiozbawcza rola kobiet Starego Testamentu z genealogii Jezusa według św. Mateusza
Authors: Fikus Marcin
Published: July 2024

Kontekstem badań było pytanie: Jaką funkcję w historii zbawienia pełniły kobiety, których imiona wprowadzono do genealogii Jezusa, napisanej przez św. Mateusza? (Mt 1,1-17).
Dlatego celem stało się zbadanie gatunku literackiego genealogii biblijnej. Kolejnym celem było zbadanie, jak postrzegano kobiety w czasach biblijnych oraz kobiety z genealogii Jezusa. W badaniu w głównej mierze wykorzystano metodę kanoniczną, która została uzupełniona metodą odwoływania się do żydowskich tradycji interpretacyjnych.
Wyniki badań wykazały, że genealogia była pisana dla określenia przynależności rodowej danego człowieka, zatem też praw, które mu przysługiwały. Treść genealogii bazowała na historii, lecz mogła być modyfikowana w zależności od potrzeb, czego przykładem są genealogie biblijne. Czasami w genealogiach biblijnych, m.in. w genealogii Jezusa wg Mateusza, ujmowano kobiety, co w społeczeństwie patriarchalnym było zabiegiem nietypowym. Kobieta zależała od mężczyzny: ojca lub męża. Zabezpieczenie dla kobiet stanowiło prawo lewiratu, które obligowało do poślubienia wdowy brata zmarłego. Takie prawo znalazło zastosowanie w dziejach Tamar i Rut. W przypadku Tamar Kananejki prawo to zostało wpierw zignorowane, więc musiała je wyegzekwować podstępem, przebierając się za nierządnicę. Czynem tym ryzykowała życie, co wskazuje, jak ważne było wzbudzenie potomka po zmarłym mężu. Rut Moabitka mogła skorzystać z tego prawa, ponieważ po śmierci swojego męża zostawiła swój rodzinny kraj, by towarzyszyć swojej teściowej Noemi i razem z nią osiąść w Betlejem. Tam poślubił ją Booz – krewny jej zmarłego męża. Rachab, mieszkanka Jerycha, pomagając izraelskim zwiadowcom, zdradziła swoje miasto, które później zostało zrównane z ziemią. Utraciła dobytek, zginęli jej znajomi, a ocalała jedynie rodzina. Tylko Batszeby św. Mateusz nie wymienia z imienia, ale określa jako „ta od Uriasza”. Możliwe, że św. Mateusz nie miał na myśli Batszeby, lecz jej męża – obcokrajowca, który walczył za kraj Izraela, a który ze względu na etykę religijną sprzeciwił się królowi.
Po uwzględnieniu pochodzenia Tamar, Rachab, Rut i Uriasza oraz ich czynów, można wysunąć wniosek, że wiele ryzykowali, by spełnić wolę Boga i stać się częścią narodu wybranego. Dzięki temu zostali włączeni również do narodu wybranego.
Prognostic Cardiac Biomarkers and Tetralogy of Fallot Score: Do they Predict Outcomes in Intracardiac Tetralogy of Fallot Repair?
Authors: Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Singh Rashmi , Badge Mohanish , Prakash Mohit , Choudhury Minati , Mujahid Omer Mohammed , Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

One of the most common cyanotic congenital heart diseases seen in India is the tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The presence of chronic hypoxia leads to increased susceptibility to ischemia and infections. The postoperative morbidity and mortality can be predicted earlier, by incorporating various biochemical markers in pre-operative workup, which can minimize post-operative mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We aimed to study 11 different cardiac biomarkers and calculate the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) score as a prognostic marker in TOF patients.

Material and Methods:

After obtaining Institute Ethics Committee approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee with Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Trial No: 5/4/1-1/08-NCD-II and written informed consent, a prospective and observational study was conducted on 150 patients with TOF undergoing elective intra cardiac repair (ICR) divided into two groups. Anesthetic and surgical management was standardized for all patients as per institutional protocol. The data were analyzed in STATA software. The sample size was calculated on the basis of the area under the curve for various biomarkers shown in the previous literature reviews.

Results:

There was a positive correlation between the Endothelin levels 48 h after bypass and post-operative outcome measures such as the duration of inotropes, duration of ventilation, and duration of ICU stay. Pre-cardiopulmonary bypass serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed a significant correlation with mortality in group I patients (P = 0.009) and group II patients (P < 0.05). Intragroup comparison in survivors showed significant changes with time in lactate trends. The mean initial post-operative lactate was significantly lower for survivors than for non-survivors. In addition, the serial mean lactate decreased progressively in all surviving patients compared with non-survivors diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curve for the pressure of oxygen.

Conclusion:

The four biomarkers, namely, Endothelin, TNF-α, BNP, and base excess, were found to be highly sensitive and specific. Using these biomarkers, a score of 2.73 (the AIIMS TOF score) is considered morbid in patients post-ICR in the ICU. The chances of mortality are high, with a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 89.2%.
Through the looking glass: Ciliary body leiomyoma with chronic inflammation: A rare case report
Authors: Bhutia Twinkey , Das Dipankar , Barman Manabjyoti
Published: July 2024

Ciliary body leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare tumor arising from the smooth muscle cells of the ciliary body. We present a unique case of a patient who came with a diminution of vision, pain, and redness in the left eye post blunt trauma, which was diagnosed as scleritis elsewhere. Ophthalmic examination revealed panuveitis, complicated cataract, and tractional retinal detachment. During surgery, a ciliary body mass was encountered, and the left eyeball was subsequently enucleated. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ciliary body leiomyoma with chronic inflammation. This case highlights the rarity and complexity of ciliary body leiomyoma which often presents as a diagnostic challenge and, therefore, deserves in-depth exploration and documentation in scientific literature.
Cauda equina syndrome due to posttraumatic syringomyelia in conus medullaris – A case report
Authors: Ueda Shu , Yamamoto Shusuke , Koga Yuichiro , Kuroda Satoshi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Most posttraumatic syringomyelias occur in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord, where they contribute to myelopathic deficits. Here, a 40-year-old patient presented with the left leg monoparesis due to syringomyelia involving the conus medullaris 10 years after an L2 vertebral “crush” fracture.

Case Description:

Ten years following an L2 vertebral “crush” fracture, a 40-year-old male presented with the new onset of left lower leg paresis. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a T12–L1 syrinx associated with accompanying high-intensity areas above the syrinx located between the T11 and T12 levels. One month after placing a syringosubarachnoid (SS) shunt, both the syrinx and high-intensity area rapidly disappeared, and the left distal motor weakness resolved.

Conclusion:

Ten years following an L2 “crush” fracture, a 40-year-old male presented with the new onset of a cauda equina syndrome secondary to a posttraumatic T12–L1 syringomyelia causing expansion of the conus medullaris.
Quantitative photoacoustic spectral transformations in theranostic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles labelled with increasing concentrations of a Photoacoustic NIR BODIPY
Authors: Linger Clément , Maccini Giulia , Clavier Gilles , Méallet Rachel , Tsapis Nicolas , Gateau Jérôme
Published: July 2024

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have shown great capabilities for drug delivery and are therefore attractive theranostic candidates when labelled with an imaging contrast agent. This work aims to create the first SLNs labelled for photoacoustic (PA) imaging by encapsulating a specially designed and near-infrared absorbing BODIPY dye (BY-aniline-Palm) into SLNs of dexamethasone palmitate. A one-pot formulation protocol enabled us to replace the prodrug by the BY-aniline-Palm label in various proportions up to 100%. Increasing the dye content exhibited complex but gradual transformations of the SLNs in terms of optical absorption and PA spectra, and the formation of aggregates at high concentration. A comprehensive and quantitative PA spectrometric study revealed a photoacoustic generation efficiency (PGE) that is spectrally varying and notably greater than 1. A joined spectral decomposition of the absorption and PA spectra into a sum of three Gaussian functions displayed a per-band evolution of the PGE when the concentration of BY-aniline-Palm varied and showed an interplay between the bands with a constant spectrum area. Finally, a novel quantitative PA spectroscopic approach, involving measurements at three different ambient temperatures, demonstrated that the remarkable PGE values arise from a significant thermo-elastic expansion of the SLN during the PA signal generation independently of the absorption band. This study highlights that labeled SLNs are promising agents for PA imaging and also unveils complex transformations that can occur in such nanosystems with a dye prone to aggregation.
Grind-and-Heat: Solvent-free Catalytic C–H and C–X Functionalization Without a Ball Mill
Authors: Méndez-Gálvez Carolina , Olsthoorn Boris , Barnå Fredrik , Estébanez Rosich David , Gates Paul , Pilarski Lukasz
Published: July 2024

This study describes an accessible approach to various solvent-free transition metal-catalyzed C–H and C–X functionalizations. Conditions from eight different Rh-, Ru-, Ir- and Pd-based mechanochemical reactions are adapted to proceed with generally high efficiency by substituting automated ball milling with pestle and mortar grinding and subsequent heating. This is a low-cost, operationally simple method that requires no specialized equipment and offers similar sustainability benefits. The reaction scope encompasses 10 heterocycle types, many pendant functional groups and is demonstrated on the late-stage modification of a variety of bioactive compounds.
PolyUniverse: Generation of a Large-scale Polymer Library Using Rule-Based Polymerization Reactions for Polymer Informatics
Authors: Yue Tianle , He Jianxin , Li Ying
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in machine learning have revolutionized polymer research, leading to the swift integration of diverse computational techniques for de novo molecular design. A crucial aspect of these processes is to expand the number of candidate polymer structures, as the currently known real polymer structures are very limited. In contrast, small molecule databases are vast, offering extensive opportunities for the design of new molecules, such as drug discovery. In this study, we collected extensive small molecule compounds from GDB-17, GDB-13, and PubChem, and selected polymerization reaction pathways for eight types of polymers, including polyimide, polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy, polybenzimidazole (PBI), and vitrimer. These small molecule datasets and polymerization reactions enabled us to generate hundreds of quadrillions of hypothetical polymer structures. For each of the eight polymers, along with one promising copolymer, poly(imide-imine), we randomly generated over one million hypothetical structures, except for PBI, for which we created 10,000 structures. Chemical space visualization using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and synthetic accessibility scores were employed to assess the feasibility of synthesizing these new polymers. Customized feedforward neural network models predicted thermal, mechanical, and gas permeation properties for both real and hypothetical polymers. Results show that many hypothetical polymers, especially polyimides, exhibit significant potential, often surpassing real polymers in performance, particularly for high-temperature applications and gas separation. Our findings highlight the immense potential of large-scale hypothetical polymer libraries for materials discovery and design. These libraries not only aid in identifying promising polymer materials through high-throughput screening but also provide valuable datasets for training advanced machine learning models, such as large language models. This research also demonstrates the power of data-driven approaches in polymer science, paving the way for the development of next-generation polymeric materials with superior properties for diverse industrial applications.
Nickel-Catalyzed Arylative Telomerization of Isoprene
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yu , Chen Bing-Zhi , Xu Su-Yang , Li Xue-Ting , Liu Yan , Ji Ding-Wei , Chen Qing-An
Published: July 2024

Developing new transformations of bulk chemicals is an important approach to expand the reaction boundary of current chemistry. Instead of traditional hydroarylation of dienes, we herein demonstrated a nickel-catalyzed arylative telomerization of isoprene with high chemo- and regioselectivities. By utilizing a bulky mono-phosphine ligand, a range of structurally diverse aryl substituted terpenes was created efficiently under redox-neutral conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest this telomerization proceeds through an oxidative cyclometallation of isoprene with Ni(0) species followed by arylation with organoboron reagents. This work not only offers a new transformation of isoprene, but also provides a complementary approach for the creation of unnatural monoterpenoids.
Non-deterministic Dynamics in η-to-θ Phase Transition of Alumina Nanoparticles
Authors: Sakakibara Masaya , Hanaya Minoru , Nakamuro Takayuki , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: July 2024

Phase diagrams and crystallography are standard tools for studying structural phase transitions while acquiring kinetic information at the atomistic level has been considered essential but challenging. Here, we report a rare example of a statistical kinetics study, showing that the η-to-θ phase transition of alumina, unidirectional in bulk and retaining the crystal lattice orientation, occurs non-deterministically via an ergodic equilibrium via molten state, as observed for nanoparticles on bulk Al(OH)3 surface. The memory of the lattice orientation is lost. Statistical kinetic analysis of individual nanoparticles revealed that the crystalline and amorphous states are similar in enthalpy. Thus, the interconversion is an entropy-controlled thermal process, and this non-deterministic kinetics should be a key feature of crystal nucleation in high surface energy regions of bulk crystals.
Gold tripyrrindione: Redox chemistry and reactivity with dichloromethane
Authors: Curtis Clayton , Habensus Iva , Conradie Jeanet , Bardin Andrey , Nannenga Brent , Ghosh Abhik , Tomat Elisa
Published: July 2024

The identification of ligands that stabilize Au(III) centers has led to the isolation of complexes for applications in catalysis, gold-based therapeutics, and functional materials. Remarkably, the tetrapyrrolic porphyrin macrocycle supports the coordination of both Au(III) and Au(II) centers. Herein, we report the coordination of gold by tripyrrin-1,14-dione, a linear tripyrrole with the scaffold of naturally occurring metabolites of porphyrin-based protein cofactors (e.g., heme). Tripyrrindione H3TD2 binds Au(III) as a trianionic tridentate ligand to form square planar complex [Au(TD2)(H2O)], which features an adventitious aqua ligand. Two reversible ligand-based oxidations of this complex allow access to the other known redox states of the tripyrrindione framework. Conversely, (spectro)electrochemical measurements and DFT analysis indicate that the reduction of the complex is likely metal-based. The chemical reduction of [Au(TD2)(H2O)] leads to a reactive species that utilizes dichloromethane in the formation of a cyclometalated organo-Au(III) complex. Both the aqua and the organometallic Au(III) complexes were characterized in the solid state by MicroED methods, which were critical for the analysis of the microcrystalline sample of the organo-gold species. Overall, this study illustrates the synthesis of Au(III) tripyrrindione as well as its redox profile and reactivity leading to gold alkylation chemistry.
Neighborhood Sorting, Metros, and Tomorrow's Labor Force
Authors: Carroll Daniel R. , Walker Christopher J.
Published: July 2024

In this Economic Commentary, we look at how households sort into neighborhoods in different metro areas and analyze these patterns by race, ethnicity, and income. We find that in many metros, Black households face a significant tradeoff between a neighborhood's Black population share and its socioeconomic status (SES), with many high-income Black households residing in lower SES neighborhoods than is the case for white households of similar income. A similar pattern exists for Hispanic households. Because a neighborhood's SES correlates with the labor market outcomes of the children who grow up there, these sorting patterns could, over time, act to limit workforce productivity, and individual earnings, by restraining skill acquisition for youth residing in under-resourced areas.
The Challenge for Coronavirus Vaccine Testing
Authors: Steuwer Bastian
Published: July 2024

Can we permissibly accelerate vaccine testing even if this increases risk to study participants? During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers, policymakers, and bioethicists debated ways in which vaccine development could be expedited. One suggestion were human challenge trials which only started after safe and efficacious vaccine had already been developed. Was this hesitation justified? Can challenge trials play a role in future pandemics? I defend both a version of challenge trials – a low-dosage challenge trial – and a faster option for post-challenge trial safety testing. My argument draws on a new framework for risks in biomedical research. The new framework, embedded in a broader approach to the ethics of risk, can justify seemingly risky research while remaining strongly protective of the rights and interests of research participants. My argument furthermore draws on considerations about the connection between the risks to study participants, the benefits to nonparticipants, and the number of participants involved.
The Use of Distance Learning Technology for Preschool Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Yessengulova Meiramgul , Ramazanova Dinara , Togaibayeva Aigulden , Yertleuova Baktygul , Amanzhol Marina
Published: July 2024

The problems of developing the ability to correctly pronounce sounds in connection with their language impairments in children is one of the pressing problems of special pedagogy. The article provides a review of the works of domestic and foreign scientists with a theoretical analysis of the stages of sound production through speech therapy work. A review of teaching methods for preschool children with special educational needs in distance learning was carried out. The updated methodology allows you to build a high-quality education and adapt to children’s environment, building equal relationships with others in society. 20 pupils of the special kindergarten “Akbota” and the speech therapy center “Speech Therapy Center” of the education department of the Aktobe region (10 children from each institution) took part in the experiment to test the methodology. For the study, permission and consent were taken from the children's parents. The “World of Sounds” program was developed to develop readiness to use distance learning technologies to work with children. The experimental study consisted of 3 stages - diagnostic, formative and control stages. The mobile applications “Literate Child” and “World of Sounds” have been tested. The effectiveness of the updated technique has been demonstrated.
Socio-pedagogical support of students with special educational needs based on the organization of an inclusive university environment
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kudaibergenova Aliya , Kurmanbek Aknur , Меirbekova Assel
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the issues of socio-pedagogical support for students with special educational needs based on the organization of an inclusive University environment. The research topic is based on the relevance of the field of inclusive education in the country. The characteristics of normative legal, legislative documents and special development programs of the country, on which the rights of students with special educational needs are based, have also been developed. As the purpose of the study, a scientific justification was obtained for the socio-pedagogical support of students with special educational needs based on the organization of an inclusive University environment. The article examines the essence of the concept of socio-pedagogical support in it with an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists who considered the research topic. The analysis of the levels and stages of socio-pedagogical support is carried out. In the practical part of the study, in order to identify the problems necessary for effective socio-pedagogical support, a specially compiled survey of students with special educational needs, a methodology for diagnosing the socio-psychological adaptation of K. Rogers and R. Diamond were conducted. 11 students with special educational needs and 15 students with a "conditionally" normal state of health took part in the practice. The results of the methods are analyzed and the results of the study are summarized. Recommendations were also developed based on the results of the study.
Using ICT in teaching a foreign language as a means of preparing students for creative activity
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tolbassiyeva Arailym , Lekerova Gulsim , Ussenova Akkenzhe
Published: July 2024

In the article, the use of ICT in the process of teaching a foreign language is considered as a means of preparing students for creative activity.Information and communication technologies allow to search, process and master various sources of information, use various programs.This forms in students, as future teachers of a foreign language, the mastery of language material for use in speech form, the perception of personal statements and their logical connection, the ability to verbally and non-verbally compensate for gaps, as well as the degree of familiarity with the sociocultural context of the language, and readiness for creative activity. The authors highlight the following characteristics of the information and educational environment: systematic (creation of educational programs that require a consumer, preparation of a set of software and methodological aids for the discipline of all cycles); multimedia tools (visualization of educational material, improving the quality of new didactics, software and methodological support for organizing interactive interaction with students based on logical means and telecommunications capabilities); requirements for the content of training (availability of textbooks and teaching aids, taking into account the requirements of teachers and students, the possibility of them actively changing elements of the environment). 99 students of M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University took part in the diagnostic study. The creative potential of students was assessed using E. Tunnik’s questionnaire, as well as students’ opinions using the author’s questionnaire on the effectiveness of the learning process.
PREREQUISITES FOR SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT IN DEVELOPING ANTI-TERRORIST AWARENESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhomartov Aidos , Bulatbaeva Aigul , Aitbayeva Ardak , Zaurenbekov Bauyrzhan
Published: July 2024

There are many definitions of terrorism in international scientific practice, but in general, its proper-ties can be characterized as: unpredictability, sophistication of forms, ideological motivation, instabil-ity and violence. Tragedies in different countries of the world, for example, the tragic event at Crocus city-hall, and other crisis events actualize programmatic, legal, organizational and pedagogical changes to develop the anti-terrorist consciousness of young people. The key role is played by the awareness of the trainees, the development of their critical and analytical skills, and the level of legal awareness. The article is aimed at a comprehensive study of the prerequisites for countering terrorism in Kazakhstan and an empirical study of the factors contributing to the development of anti-terrorist consciousness among students. Research methods: analysis of normative and legal documents and theoretical developments in the field of terrorism and radicalization prevention among young people, focus group research among 1st-4th year students, approximate age 17-21 years. A total of 4 groups of 12 people (48 people) each were covered by the focus group research. According to the results of the study, students of 1-2 courses see their role in improving religious education and upbringing, strengthening national values and mean-ings. Students of 3-4 courses in the fight against terrorism and its ideology are more focused on such tools as the development of critical thinking, increased motivation, patriotic education, volunteering and participation in socially significant projects and events.
Multimedia technologies as a tool for engaging young teachers in innovative activities
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kussainova Raisa , Tazhitova Gulzhahan , Kaliyeva Assel
Published: July 2024

The present article is devoted to the actual problem of using multimedia technologies in education, as well as investigating their effectiveness for engaging young teachers in innovative activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an online course using edweb.net materials to engage young teachers in innovative activities. The study involved 60 young teachers divided into experimental and control groups of 30 participants each. The intervention consisted of providing the participants with 8 webinars covering different aspects of online teaching and learning using different tools and strategies followed by assignments. Adapted questionnaires were used to measure participants' student-centeredness and propensity to incorporate new ideas and practices into their teaching. Additionally, some participants were interviewed for qualitative analysis. According to the results, in the experimental group, the average total score of innovativeness significantly increased during the research period compared to the control group (p = 0.043). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited a greater degree of student-centeredness at the post-test compared to the control group (p = 0.014). The interview findings further revealed favorable changes in the cybersecurity awareness of respondents from the experimental group, as well as their understanding of the importance of integrating digital resources in learning processes, compliance with ethical standards when using educational technology, as well as the desire for self-reflection and professional growth. The results of the study expand the understanding of the effectiveness of multimedia technologies in education and their impact on the professional development of young teachers. The conclusion contains a number of findings and suggestions on the importance of promoting and maintaining access to online courses and multimedia resources for young teachers, encouraging them to participate in online courses with active use of multimedia technologies, to exchange experiences and cooperate with colleagues to stimulate professional development and innovation, as well as the importance of continuing further research in the area.
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING GEOGEBRA SOFTWARE FOR AUGMENTED REALITY VISUALIZATION TO TEACH PHYSICS IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Arymbekov Beken , Turekhanova Kunduz , Fedus Kamil , Suprapto Nadi , Tursanova Yelmira , Turdalyuly Mussa
Published: July 2024

The article provides a comprehensive exploration of the utilization of augmented reality technologies in the field of education, with a particular focus on physics education. The primary objective of this study is to identify and examine the advantages and disadvantages of existing and previously developed teaching methodologies in physics that incorporate augmented reality, particularly in the context of their educational effectiveness. The article underscores the ability of AR to enable direct interaction with three-dimensional models and objects, allowing users to examine them from various angles and access relevant information. This capability enhances the understanding of complex physics concepts and phenomena. The article emphasizes the significance of adequately training teachers in the integration of augmented reality technology into the teaching process. Teachers need to be proficient in using AR tools and incorporating them into the curriculum effectively. The article highlights the potential for students to engage in project-based activities by creating their own AR applications. This participatory approach fosters active learning and experimentation. The article explores different pedagogical approaches and methods for teaching physics using augmented and virtual reality technologies. These innovative methods enrich the educational experience and make it more interactive. This article underscores the importance of augmented reality technologies in education. The practical part of the study involved 750 students from schools in Kazakhstan. The research results were processed using statistical methods.
KESESUAIAN LOKASI TPA BOJONGLARANG DAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN TPA BARU DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Nikmanti Ikmah Artin , Pigawati Bitta
Published: July 2024

Waste is the one of serious problems faced by every city because the quantity continues increase along with population growth. Pekalongan is one of city that still has problem related to waste management. The only landfill in Pekalongan, (Bojonglarang landfil)l is already overload. This causes the need for expansion or build the new landfill in Pekalongan. The research aims to analyze the suitability of the Bojonglarang landfill location and analyze other alternative locations suitable for new landfills in Pekalongan. Use a quantitative descriptive method with a spatial approach with GIS. The results show that the location of the Bojonglarang Landfill is less suitable based on location and carrying capacity. The research show that there are 5 locations that most suitable for the new landfill in Pekalongan. These locations include Sawangan Village, Bligorejo Village, Gejlig Village, Kesesi and Ujung Negoro Villages, and Pedawang and Legokkalong Villages. It is expected to be input for Pekalongan Government regarding policies related to landfills problem in Pekalongan.
KARAKTERISTIK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PECINAN KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Sundaro Hendrianto
Published: July 2024

Kawasan Pecinan merupakan salah satu cagar budaya yang berada di pusat aktivitas Kota Semarang. Sejak awal terbentuknya, kawasan Pecinan difungsikan sebagai kawasan permukiman bangsa Tionghoa yang terus berkembang menjadi kawasan yang sangat strategis untuk perdagangan. Berdasarkan RTRW Kota Semarang 2011-2031,kawasan Pecinan memiliki fungsi sebagai kawasan campuran yakni permukiman serta perdagangan dan jasa. Namun demikian, dinamika perkembangan aspek fisik dan non fisik di Kawasan Pecinan Kota Semarang tak ayal menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri terhadap eksistensi kawasan pecinan sebagai kawasan cagar budaya dan kawasan campuran.

Agar eksistnsi Kawasan pecinan sebagai warisan budaya yang sangat berharga dapat terus bertahan serta memberikan manfaat bagi komunitas di kawasan pecinan dan masyarakat pada umumnya maka eksistensinya perlu dijaga dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor fisik dan non fisik kawasan pecinan Kota Semarang. Dengan demikian maka memahami bagaimana karakteristik kawasan pecinan yang bertumpu pada kekuatan yang bersumber dari dalam(endogenous) menjadi hal yang sangat urgent untuk dilakukan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik Pengembangan Lokal Pada Kawasan Pecinan Kota Semarang yang meliputi aspek fisik maupun non fisik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, studi pustaka dan wawancara terhadap informan terpilih yang ditetapkan berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling.

Dari hasil dan pembahasan diperoleh informasi bahwa terdapat tiga typology pengembangan local di Kawasan pecinan Kota Semarang  yang mencakup Karakteristik masyarakat terkait dengan lahan, bangunan dan jalan, Karakteristik kelembagaan terkait dengan lahan, bangunan dan jalan serta Karakteristik tradisi/nilai-nilai local Kawasan pecinan terkait dengan lahan, bangunan dan jalan. 

 
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMAN I BOJA TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN DISKRIMINASI RAS DAN ETNIS
Authors: Abib Agus Saiful , Juita Subaidah Ratna
Published: July 2024

Diskriminasi merupakan salah satu bentuk ketidakadilan terhadap masyarakat yang dilarang oleh UUD 1945. Bentuk diskriminasi dapat tumbuh dan berkembang apabila embrio intoleransi terus muncul dalam diri manusia yang tidak menghendaki adanya perbedaan sekaligus sikap promordialisme yang tidak diimbangi oleh toleransi dalam bingkai kemajemukan berbangsa dan bernegara. Pada dasarnya negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum, oleh karenanya setiap orang harus diberlakukan sama di hadapan hukum, terbebas dari diskriminasi ras dan etnis. Pemberlakuan hak yang sama dihadapan hukum tertuang dalam Pasal 28D ayat (1) UUD 1945 yang menyatakan setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum. Lebih lanjut bahwa Deklasari Universal Hak Asasi Manusia Pasal 7 menyakatan setiap orang memiliki hak yang sama di hadapan hukum dan berhak atas perlindungan hukum tanpa adanya diskriminasi. Selama ini banyak siswa yang belum mengetahui aturan penghapusan diskriminasi ras dan etnis, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk peningkatan pemahaman siswa SMAN 1 Boja Tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dan tanya jawab secara langsung dan evaluasi dengan penyebaran quesioner sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilaksanakan. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan oleh tim pelaksana yang terdiri dari 1 (satu) orang ketua, dan 1 (satu) orang anggota. Tim pelaksana ini adalah para dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Semarang yang berkompeten dalam penguasaan materi mengenai penghapusan diskriminasi ras dan etnis. Adapun hasil pengabdian yang mengambil tema hak-hak penyandang disabilitas ini berdasarkan rata-rata mengalami kenaikan sebesar 67,3%.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMA NEGERI I BOJA MENGENAI SANKSI HUKUM PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR
Authors: Mulyani Tri , Yulistyowati Efi , Astanti Dhian Indah
Published: July 2024

Berdasarkan UU  Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalm berkendara adalah menghormati pesepeda dan pejalan kaki, tidak boleh menaikan motor ke trotoar, harus berkonsentrasi dalam berkendara, mengetahui hak pejalan kaki, kalau mau berbelok, berbalik arah wajib menyalakan lampu isyarat, memasang plat nomer, mengenakan helm dan wajib memiliki SIM. Bagi anak di bawah umur sulit memenuhi aturan tersebut terutama dalam hal kepemilikan SIM, karena mencari SIM harus 17 tahun. Hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kelabilan anak sehingga sering menyebabkan kecelakaan. Berdasarkan data dari Korlantas Polri pada periode trimester ketiga 2015 terjadi pelanggaran sebanyak 28.544 kasus, sebagian besar dilakukan oleh anak di bawah umur. Anak di bawah umur berdasarkan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Anak, dapat dikenai pertanggunjawaban pidana. Bagi anak berusia 12 hingga 14 dikenai sanksi tindakan dan usia 14 ke atas dikenai sanksi ½ hukuman orang dewasa. Berdasarkan fenomena ini, Tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Fakultas Hukum Universitas Semarang perlu melakukan sosialisasi dengan mengangkat permasalahan tentang peningkatan pemahaman terhadap Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Boja mengenai sanksi hukum pelanggaran lalu lintas oleh anak di bawah umur. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dan Tanya jawab secara langsung dan evaluasi dengan penyebaran kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilaksanakan.   Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman pemahaman Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Boja   mengenai sanksi hukum pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak di bawah umur, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan 21,6%, itu artinya bahwa terdapat respon yang positif dari para siswa mengenai pentingnya peningkatan   pemahaman mengenai sanksi hukum pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak di bawah umur.