bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical review of corrosion protection by cold spray coatings
Authors: Hassani-Gangaraj S. M. , Moridi A. , Guagliano M.
Published: April 2015

Successful deposition of variety of materials by cold spray provides the opportunity to tailor a wide range of coating/substrate systems with specific functions for different applications. The aim of this paper is to present a critical review of cold spray for corrosion protection. Application of cold spray to provide superior corrosion resistance by depositing more noble materials, formation of passivation layer, and cathodic protection is reviewed. State-of-the-art on cold spray deposition for corrosion mitigation is summarised. Special attention is given to assess the effect of cold spray parameters and conditions on the resultant corrosion performance. The effects of deposition temperature/pressure, particle size, coating thickness, carrier gas, post-treatment, and co-deposition of metals and ceramic particles on corrosion behaviour are discussed. Specific industrial applications of cold spray against corrosion are presented by a few examples in various fields such as biomedical, naval, electronics and hot corrosion protection. The review is concluded with a designated section to critically discuss the ‘path forward’, and propose new avenues for further research and developments.
Antagonism between MCL-1 and PUMA governs stem/progenitor cell survival during hematopoietic recovery from stress
Authors: Delbridge Alex R. D. , Opferman Joseph T. , Grabow Stephanie , Strasser Andreas
Published: April 2015

Understanding the critical factors that govern recovery of the hematopoietic system from stress, such as during anticancer therapy and bone marrow transplantation, is of clinical significance. We investigated the importance of the prosurvival proteins myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) and B-cell lymphoma–extra large (BCL-XL) in stem/progenitor cell survival and fitness during hematopoietic recovery from stress. Loss of a single Mcl-1 allele, which reduced MCL-1 protein levels, severely compromised hematopoietic recovery from myeloablative challenge and following bone marrow transplantation, whereas BCL-XL was dispensable in both contexts. We identified inhibition of proapoptotic p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) as the key role of MCL-1 in both settings, with Mcl-1+/−;Puma−/− mice completely protected from the deleterious effects of loss of 1 Mcl-1 allele. These results reveal the molecular mechanisms that govern cell survival during hematopoietic recovery from stress.
AAO-assisted synthesis of highly ordered, large-scale TiO2 nanowire arrays via sputtering and atomic layer deposition
Authors: Yao Zhao , Wang Cong , Li Yang , Kim Nam-Young
Published: April 2015

Highly ordered nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) thin films were fabricated in oxalic acid under a constant voltage via a two-step anodization process. To investigate the high-aspect-ratio (7.5:1) filling process, both sputtering and atomic layer deposition (ALD) were used to form TiO2 nanowires. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images indicated that mushroom-like TiO2 structures were sputtered onto the AAO template surface, and the ALD-coated TiO2 exhibited fine filling results and clear crystal grain boundaries. Large-scale and free-standing TiO2 nanowire arrays were liberated by selectively removing the aluminum substrate and AAO template via a wet etching process with no collapsing or agglomeration after the drying process. ALD-deposited TiO2 nanowire arrays that were 67 nm in diameter and 400 nm high were transferred from the AAO template. The ALD process enabled the rapid, simple synthesis of highly ordered TiO2 nanowire arrays with desired parameters such as diameter, density, and thickness determined using diverse AAO templates.
Electrospun nanofiber sorbents for the pre-concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene
Authors: Ifegwu Okechukwu Clinton , Anyakora Chimezie , Chigome Samuel , Torto Nelson
Published: April 2015

Background

Synthetic polymers have some qualities that make them good candidates for pre concentration of trace analytes biological fluids because of their great potentials to be functionalized and electrospun into nanofibres.

Methods

In this study, Electrospun nanofiber sorbents fabricated from 11 polymers {poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (SDVB), poly(styrene-co-acrylamide), poly(styrene-co-p-sodium styrene sulfonate), polystyrene, poly(vinyl benzyl chloride), cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polysulfone, nylon 6} were evaluated for the extraction and pre-concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene from a water sample.

Results

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the formation of continuous fine bead-free and randomly arrayed fibers with their average diameters ranging from 110 to 650 nm. The percentage recoveries were highest for nylon 6 with 72%, SDVB with 70%, whereas PET achieved the lowest recovery at 34%. Under optimized conditions, the analyte followed a linear relationship for all sorbents in the concentration range of 1 to 1,000 μg/L. The coefficient of determination (r
2) was between 0.9990 to 0.9999, with precision (%relative standard deviation (RSD)) ≤ 9.51% (n = 6) for all the analysis. The %RSD for intra- and inter-day precision at three different concentrations, 10, 25, and 50 μg/L, was ≤7.88% for intraday and ≤8.04% inter-day (3 days), respectively, for all evaluated sorbents. The LOD and LOQ were found to be between 0.054 and 0.16 μg/L and 0.18 and 0.53 μg/L, respectively, using a fluorescent detector.

Conclusions

The study suggested that if packed into cartridges, nylon 6 and SDVB nanofiber sorbents could serve as alternatives to the conventional C-18 sorbents in the pre-concentration and clean-up of the tumorigenic biomarker, 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. The fabrication of selective nanofibers could also extend and simplify sample preparation for organic and biological analytes.
A case of biliary cystic tumor with repeated hemobilia
Authors: Takahashi Gen , Kuroda Shintaro , Tashiro Hirotaka , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ishiyama Kohei , Ide Kentaro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Masahiro , Arihiro Koji , Ohdan Hideki
Published: April 2015

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is classified as a biliary cystic tumor with a tendency of causing obstruction. Neoplastic cases involving hemobilia are rarely reported. We herein describe a case of biliary cystic tumor with repeated hemobilia. A 57-year-old woman was histologically diagnosed with cavernous hemangioma. During the follow-up period after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), she experienced repeated hemobilia, and multiple other TAE sessions were performed for hemostasis. She was referred to our hospital 8 years after the first surgery owing to a growing tumor. Histopathological examination after extended right hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy indicated IPNB with an associated invasive carcinoma. Six months thereafter, computed tomography revealed a recurrent liver tumor and a nodule in the abdominal cavity. She died 36 months after the second surgery, despite chemotherapy. Our experience suggests that IPNB should be considered during differential diagnosis of dilated hepatobiliary tumors with hemobilia.
Phase II Study of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Iniparib As Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative and BRCA1/2 Mutation–Associated Breast Cancer With Assessment of a Tumor-Based Measure of Genomic Instability: PrECOG 0105
Authors: Telli Melinda L. , Jensen Kristin C. , Vinayak Shaveta , Kurian Allison W. , Lipson Jafi A. , Flaherty Patrick J. , Timms Kirsten , Abkevich Victor , Schackmann Elizabeth A. , Wapnir Irene L. , Carlson Robert W. , Chang Pei-Jen , Sparano Joseph A. , Head Bobbie , Goldstein Lori J. , Haley Barbara , Dakhil Shaker R. , Reid Julia E. , Hartman Anne-Renee , Manola Judith , Ford James M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

This study was designed to assess efficacy, safety, and predictors of response to iniparib in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

This single-arm phase II study enrolled patients with stage I to IIIA (T ≥ 1 cm) estrogen receptor–negative (≤ 5%), progesterone receptor–negative (≤ 5%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative or BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer. Neoadjuvant gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on days 1 and 8), carboplatin (area under curve of 2 IV on days 1 and 8), and iniparib (5.6 mg/kg IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11) were administered every 21 days for four cycles, until the protocol was amended to six cycles. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (no invasive carcinoma in breast or axilla). All patients underwent comprehensive BRCA1/2 genotyping, and homologous recombination deficiency was assessed by loss of heterozygosity (HRD-LOH) in pretreatment core breast biopsies.

Results

Among 80 patients, median age was 48 years; 19 patients (24%) had germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations; clinical stage was I (13%), IIA (36%), IIB (36%), and IIIA (15%). Overall pathologic complete response rate in the intent-to-treat population (n = 80) was 36% (90% CI, 27 to 46). Mean HRD-LOH scores were higher in responders compared with nonresponders (P = .02) and remained significant when BRCA1/2 germline mutations carriers were excluded (P = .021).

Conclusion

Preoperative combination of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib is active in the treatment of early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer. The HRD-LOH assay was able to identify patients with sporadic triple-negative breast cancer lacking a BRCA1/2 mutation, but with an elevated HRD-LOH score, who achieved a favorable pathologic response. Confirmatory controlled trials are warranted.
Profiles of 21-Carbon Steroids in 21-hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Turcu Adina F. , Rege Juilee , Chomic Robert , Liu Jiayan , Nishimoto Hiromi K. , Else Tobias , Moraitis Andreas G. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Rainey William E. , Auchus Richard J.
Published: April 2015

Context:

Marked elevations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) are characteristic of classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Testing of 17OHP provides the basis for 21OHD diagnosis, although it suffers from several pitfalls. False-positive or false-negative results and poor discrimination of nonclassic 21OHD from carriers limit the utility of serum 17OHP and necessitate dynamic testing after cosyntropin stimulation when values are indeterminate.

Objective:

The objective was to provide a detailed characterization of 21-carbon (C21) steroids in classic 21OHD, which might identify other candidate steroids that could be employed for the diagnosis of 21OHD.

Setting and Participants:

Patients (11 women, 10 men) with classic 21OHD and 21 sex- and age-matched controls seen in a tertiary referral center were studied.

Methods:

C21 steroids in the peripheral sera from all subjects, as well as in media from cultured testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART) cells and normal adrenal (NA) cells, were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (10 steroids). Additionally, the dynamics of C21 steroid metabolism in TART and NA cells were assessed with radiotracer studies.

Results:

Five C21 steroids were significantly higher in 21OHD patients: 17OHP (67-fold; P < .01), 21-deoxycortisol (21dF; 35-fold; P < .01), 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (16OHP; 28-fold; P < .01), progesterone (2-fold; P < .01), and 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (11OHP; not detected in controls; P < .01). The same steroids were the highest in media from TART cells relative to the NA cells: 11OHP, 58- to 65-fold; 21dF, 30- to 41-fold; 17OHP, 9-fold; progesterone, 9- to 12-fold; and 16OHP, 7-fold.

Conclusion:

Measurement of 16OHP and 11OHP along with 17OHP and 21dF by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry might comprise a biomarker panel to accurately diagnose all forms of 21OHD.
Dynamic stem cell heterogeneity
Authors: Krieger Teresa , Simons Benjamin D.
Published: April 2015

Recent lineage-tracing studies based on inducible genetic labelling have emphasized a crucial role for stochasticity in the maintenance and regeneration of cycling adult tissues. These studies have revealed that stem cells are frequently lost through differentiation and that this is compensated for by the duplication of neighbours, leading to the consolidation of clonal diversity. Through the combination of long-term lineage-tracing assays with short-term in vivo live imaging, the cellular basis of this stochastic stem cell loss and replacement has begun to be resolved. With a focus on mammalian spermatogenesis, intestinal maintenance and the hair cycle, we review the role of dynamic heterogeneity in the regulation of adult stem cell populations.
Genome-wide identification of phospho-regulators of Wnt signaling inDrosophila
Authors: Swarup Sharan , Pradhan-Sundd Tirthadipa , Verheyen Esther M.
Published: April 2015

Evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathways regulate embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis in metazoans. The precise control of the state and amplitude of signaling pathways is achieved in part through the kinase- and phosphatase-mediated reversible phosphorylation of proteins. In this study, we performed a genome-wide in vivo RNAi screen for kinases and phosphatases that regulate the Wnt pathway under physiological conditions in the Drosophila wing disc. Our analyses have identified 54 high-confidence kinases and phosphatases capable of modulating the Wnt pathway, including 22 novel regulators. These candidates were also assayed for a role in the Notch pathway, and numerous phospho-regulators were identified. Additionally, each regulator of the Wnt pathway was evaluated in the wing disc for its ability to affect the mechanistically similar Hedgehog pathway. We identified 29 dual regulators that have the same effect on the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways. As proof of principle, we established that Cdc37 and Gilgamesh/CK1γ inhibit and promote signaling, respectively, by functioning at analogous levels of these pathways in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. The Wnt and Hedgehog pathways function in tandem in multiple developmental contexts, and the identification of several shared phospho-regulators serve as potential nodes of control under conditions of aberrant signaling and disease.
Effect of the distal histidine on the peroxidatic activity of monomeric cytoglobin
Authors: Beckerson Penny , Svistunenko Dimitri , Reeder Brandon
Published: April 2015

The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferric human cytoglobin and a number of distal histidine variants were studied. The peroxidase activity of the monomeric wildtype protein with an internal disulfide bond, likely to be the form of the proteinin vivo, exhibits a high peroxidase-like activity above that of other globins such as myoglobin. Furthermore, the peroxidatic activity of wildtype cytoglobin shows increased resistance to radical-based degradation compared to myoglobin. The ferryl form of wildtype cytoglobin is unstable, but is able to readily oxidize substrates such as guaiacol. In contrast distal histidine mutants of cytoglobin (H81Y and H81V) show very low peroxidase activity but enhanced radical-induced degradation. Therefore, the weakly bound distal histidine appears to modulate ferryl stability and limit haem degradation. These data are consistent with a role of a peroxidase activity of cytoglobin in cell stress response mechanisms.
Causes and Types of Positional Conflicts in Organizations Advertising Services
Authors: Щегулина  , Shchegulina Oksana , Щегулин  , Shchegulin A.
Published: April 2015

Confl icts are born and develop in situations divergent interests, goals, of attitudes of people. The key to eff ective confl ict management is their classifi cation. There are diff erent approaches to the labeling of confl icts. Organizational confl ict is a special type of interaction. It is based on diff erences in interests, values, goals, people, concentrated in the organization. Creating a typology of organizational confl icts will develop diagnostic techniques which will enable to identify the deep contradictions in the organization. Research in the fi eld of confl ict laid the methodological foundations for the study of labor confl icts in various spheres of human activity. Promotional activity has its specifi c content, due to the uniqueness of advertising services. In the implementation of promotional activities confl icts inevitably arise. The causes of confl ict in organizations Advertising services. The authors proposed a typology of organizational confl icts in promotional activities, which will be the basis in the creation of diagnostic tools and technologies for managing confl icts.
Remuneration of Support Staff of the Organization of Higher Education: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Поповская  , Popovskaya M.
Published: April 2015

The article is based on the results of research work of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation “Improving the regulation of labor and the organization of new approaches to the organization of labour processes and the remuneration of certain categories of employees in higher education”, fi nanced by budget funds for State job in 2014. The article analyzes the legal regulation of improving remuneration of support staff , including from the standpoint of personnel management system, assessment of the role and importance of this category of workers working in the educational process; discusses possible approaches to remuneration of support staff to meet the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, including the policy objectives for improving the system of remuneration in the budgetary organizations, as set out in the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 26.11.2012, № 2190«On Approval of the gradual improvement of the system wages in the state (municipal) institutions for 2012–2018». The article also provides an analysis of the main problems in the existing institutions of higher education in pay systems, off ers a practical solution for the formation conditions of remuneration of support staff and the positioning of functional processes, which employ this category of personnel in connection with the performance of tasks to ensure the increase the quality of the educational process in the organization of higher education.
Planning and Budgeting Personnel Costs of the Organization (Lecture 5)
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Elena , Эсаулова  , Esaulova Irena
Published: April 2015

This article continues the abstract of lectures on discipline “Economics of personnel management” under the bachelor program.

The article reveals the concept of planning and budgeting personnel costs based on the assessment of the contribution of human resources and staff management

system in achieving the objectives of the organization. Presents the stages of the budgeting process in personnel costs. Consistently contents of the main

tasks of budgeting personnel costs: evaluation plans for personnel management, evaluation complexity of work to plan implementation in the fi eld of personnel

management, the calculation of staff costs and costing of the activities for each planned direction, budget development, staff costs, protection and approval

of the budget, the monitoring of budget execution.
Sociological Model of Business Space of the Russian Businessman (Part 2)
Authors: Орлова  , Orlova L.
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to the analysis of regional social self-organization processes in the environment of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia today, in particular to the actual business relationships and connections, which ensure the existence and development of business, as well as the establishment of regional associations of entrepreneurs in the fi eld of their regional economic activity. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of institutional forms of self-organization, that is on the analysis of relationships between entrepreneurs and regional public organizations of entrepreneurs. Herewith relations of businessmen within the framework of their regional public association are treated as part of a broader range of business contacts of entrepreneurs – as an element of its business space. The basis of the analysis of the role and importance of the public association of small and medium-sized businesses in the regional business space is a binary model of entrepreneur business space.
Russian Economy’s Macro Financial Forecasting: Current Problems and Solutions
Authors: Говтвань  , Govtvan Oleg , Ивантер  , Ivantyer Viktor , Панфилов  , Panfilov V.
Published: April 2015

The main methodological, methodical and applied features in the macro financial forecasting, developed

by the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INEF-RAS) are

considered in this paper.
To a Question of Formation of Organizational Behavior Modern Manager
Authors: Саванович  , Savanovich S. , Сербулов  , Serbulov A. , Герасимова  , Gerasimova A.
Published: April 2015

Results of the research conducted from 2011 to 2013 in the organizations of various branches of economy of

Kaliningrad and the Kaliningrad region are presented in the present article. Authors set a task on the basis of

empirical data to reveal the impact which had by the head on organizational behavior of employees to define

factors of increase of competitiveness of the modern Russian head. Relevance of statement of a problem of

research in this context is caused, on the one hand, by insufficient attention of theoretical researches to the

considered problem, on the other hand, requirements of practice.
Social Learning in Networks of Friends versus Strangers
Authors: Zhang Jurui , Liu Yong , Chen Yubo
Published: April 2015

Networks and the embedded relationships are critical determinants of how people communicate and form beliefs. The explosion of social media has significantly increased the scope and impact of social learning among consumers. This paper studies observational learning in networks of friends versus strangers. A consumer decides whether to adopt a product after receiving a private signal about product quality and observing the actions of others. The preference for the product has greater heterogeneity in the stranger-network than in the friend-network. We show that when the network is small, observing friends’ actions helps the consumer make more accurate inferences about quality. As the network grows, however, the stranger-network becomes more effective. Underlying these results are two competing effects of network heterogeneity on social learning. These are the individual preference effect, which allows one to make a better quality judgment when the preference element of past actions is more certain, and the social conforming effect, wherein private signals are underused in quality judgment as people follow others’ actions. We find cascading is more likely to occur in the friend-network than in the stranger-network. For a high-quality firm, the stranger-network generates greater sales than the friend-network when the network size is sufficiently large or the private signal is sufficiently accurate. We also examine the existence of experts and firms using advertising to influence consumers. Finally, we show how networks that are highly homogeneous or heterogeneous could impede observational learning.
Debating ECG interpretation: what do you see?
Authors: Mark RN , Regan Claire
Published: April 2015

In response to the ECG of the month published in the February issue of the British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, we received a letter from a reader who disagreed with the explanation given of what the ECG showed. The dialogue between our reader and columnist appears below—what do you think?
Disclosing a dyslexic identity
Authors: Evans William
Published: April 2015

Potential difficulties experienced by nursing students diagnosed with dyslexia can be minimised with the introduction of appropriate policies and guidance around reasonable adjustment and support. In order to access all relevant services, however, a student must actively decide to disclose their dyslexic identity to relevant faculty personnel. Disclosure of such personal information is a complex matter and, critically, requires a receptive environment where diversity and disability are embraced in a positive and meaningful way. The act of disclosure for the most part has previously been described in simplistic terms, with the focus being solely on the behaviour itself and not on the individual's own positioning of their dyslexia or the social context associated with the act. There is an onus on all students with dyslexia to self-monitor how this aspect of their identity interacts with their professional duty of care.
Reliance on technology and the future of dialysis
Authors: Blakey Emma
Published: April 2015

Emma Blakey discusses her experience of working on a dialysis unit, how strange it felt to be so reliant on machines and how important it is to be aware of national policy debates
Applying the lessons of the Francis Inquiries: Culture Change, part two
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2015

In this second part of his two-part column John Tingle continues his discussion of the Department of Health's progress report on applying the lessons learned from the tragic events at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
An Investigation of the Interaction between Melittin and a Model Lipid Bilayer
Authors: Slyngborg Morten , Skovsen Esben , Fojan Peter
Published: April 2015

The recent emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has rendered manycommon antibiotics ineffective and therefor novel drugs are needed. Antimi-crobial peptides have proven applicable in this aspect as they can formself-assembled pore structures in the lipid bilayer of bacterial cells. Theexact pore formation is shrouded in controversy and largely unknown as it isdifficult to determine empirically. The development of coarse grain force fieldsin molecular dynamic simulations enables longer timescales and extendedsimulation systems. This allows for the simulation of lipid bilayer self-assembly and bilayer-antimicrobial peptide interactions. The present workfocuses on the antimicrobial peptide, melittin, induced pore formation and isaimed towards determining the mechanism and pore structure
Mechanisms of Authoritarian Rule in Bahrain
Authors: Nebil Husayn
Published: April 2015

This investigation identifies the different elements in Bahraini society and government that indicate the existence of authoritarian rule and the mechanisms which perpetuate it. Hardliners in the royal family have strategically obstructed democratization in the country by controlling Bahrain's ideological and coercive state apparatus. The ideological apparatus encourages public disavowal of political reform and marginalizing Bahrain's Shī'ī heritage. The coercive state apparatus regularly punishes, imprisons, and physically abuses political activists and those who are suspected of encouraging civil unrest. Bahrain's alliance with Saudi Arabia has encouraged hardliners in the government to particularly promote anti-Shī'ī agendas that stigmatize, disenfranchise, and repress the majority of its citizens. Representatives of the Bahraini government have consistently accused Iran of providing logistical support to Bahraini activists. However, evidence suggests the claims of Iranian involvement in the 2011 demonstrations or an alleged coup attempt in 1981 to be false. Finally, this article identifies developments in 2011, both inside and outside of the country, that encouraged the reduction of repression of its citizens.
Visualizing “The Misfit”: Virtual Fitting Rooms and the Politics of Technology
Authors: Pham Minh-Ha T.
Published: April 2015

This essay investigates the cultural and technological logics underpinning the design and operations of virtual fitting rooms. Virtual fitting rooms are full body–scanning technologies that look and function much the same as airport security scanners but, unlike their security counterparts, have been widely embraced by consumers. Virtual fitting rooms represent the latest technology in the fashion retail environment; at the same time, they are fundamentally connected to the expansion of surveillance culture in the United States. Analyzing the scientific discourse and methods that engineers and researchers employ to establish “the perfect fit” or the optimal “relation between the individual body and the particular garment,” this essay argues that the scientization of style both establishes and obscures the racial ideologies underlying judgments about fashionability. From hoodies to burqas to sagging jeans and “hoochie” dresses, the “bad fit” has historically marked racialized others as “misfits” who warrant heightened scrutiny, suspicion, surveillance, and discipline. Virtual fitting rooms rationalize and systemize these long-held cultural notions under the cover of technological color blindness.
Problems with the Pattern: William Morris's Arthurian Imagery
Authors: Mancoff Debra N.
Published: April 2015

An examination of William Morris's role in the Arthurian revival in Victorian imagery and the slippage between his involvement with the legend and our desire to impose an Arthurian pattern on his life and work.
Theme and Thesis in Le Chevalier de la Charrete
Authors: Knepper Wendy
Published: April 2015

Critics have traditionally treated the narrator's addresses as evidence to assess whether Chrétien promoted the ideal of courtly love in the Charrete . If we consider the use of appropriation and recoil movements in the total text, the operation of the will emerges as the dominant theme of the text. This theme is considered in the context of the parallel but contrasting pacts formed by Lancelot in the service of Guinevere and Chrétien in the service of Marie de Champagne.
Adultery and the Fall of Logres in the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin
Authors: Wilson-Okamura David Scott
Published: April 2015

In the post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin , the king's adultery brings about the destruction of Logres. The primary model for this particular treatment was Old Testament history, especially King David's affair with Bathsheba. This biblical model accounts for both the romance's structure and ethos,characterized by an abundance of arbitrary imperatives and seemingly inordinate consequences.
The Importance of Being Gender 'Stable': Masculinity and Feminine Empowerment in Le Roman de Silence
Authors: Stock Lorraine Kochanske
Published: April 2015

Events and characterization in Heldris's Roman de Silence are structured to allocate power by gender, as shown in the destabilizing of King Ebain's 'masculinity' and the empowerment of several female characters including the hero(ine).
The Third Path: Alternative Sex, Alternative Gender in Le Roman de Silence
Authors: Waters Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2015

Defining gender difference as a result of performance, enforced by shame, this essay moves beyond questioning the origins of the nature/nurture debate, examining instead what stakes the dominant culture has in understanding as original the identity categories that are only the effects of that culture's institutions and discourses.
A Reappraisal of the Role of Merlin in the Roman de Silence
Authors: Roche-Mahdi Sarah
Published: April 2015

An intertextual reading of 'Grisandole' and other passages from the Prose Vulgate establishes Merlin as manipulator of the action of the Roman de Silence long before the dénouement. Both the wise old man in Cador's court and the wise old man who helps Silence capture Merlin as Wild Man are the great Trickster himself. Merlin's laughter is anything but liberating.
Guinevere as Lord
Authors: Longley Anne P.
Published: April 2015

The two most important women in Lancelot's life, Guinevere and the Lady of the Lake, are his 'female lord' and his 'female master.' Their female roles are examined in relation to the love theme and in the context of decoding female authority.
The Rhetoric of the Folk Fairy Tale in Sir Thomas Malory's Tale of Sir Gareth
Authors: Hanks D. Thomas
Published: April 2015

This essay demonstrates the extent to which the Tale of Sir Gareth adheres to the rhetorical pattern of the folk fairy tale and argues further that this pattern shapes Malory's revision of the Arthurian legend.
King Arthur Goes to War (Singing, Dancing, and Cracking Jokes): Marcel Varnel's 1942 Film King Arthur Was A Gentleman
Authors: Harty Kevin J.
Published: April 2015

Marcel Varnel's now-little-known 1942 film, King Arthur Was a Gentleman , presents a version of the Arthurian return contemporary with Britain's darkest hour during World War II.
Arthur in the Graduate Seminar
Authors: Lacy Norris J.
Published: April 2015

A graduate seminar in Arthurian literature is fundamentally comparative in nature, and may provide essential pre-professional development for students.
Quest-Based Learning for the Round Table
Authors: Kaplan Leslie
Published: April 2015

Problem-based learning strategies become quest-based learning strategies in the Arthurian classroom and at Arthurian sites in Britain.
Giants, Boar-hunts, and Barbering: Masculinity in Culhwch ac Olwen
Authors: Sheehan Sarah
Published: April 2015

Analysis of Culhwch ac Olwen 's barbering theme demonstrates that Culhwch's heterosexual coming-of-age necessitates quests for masculine signifiers, overdetermining the emasculation of Ysbaddaden's final defeat.
'Alas! Who may truste thys world?': Absence of Trust in Malory's Tale of 'Balin le Sauvage'
Authors: Jesmok Janet
Published: April 2015

Exploring trust in Malory's tale of 'Balin le Sauvage' reveals a thematically uncertain world that results in uneasy readers and textual instability, suggesting the author's mistrust of his own world.
Rest in Peace: Launcelot's Spiritual Journey in Le Morte Darthur
Authors: Dosanjh Kate
Published: April 2015

When read in relation to Launcelot's encounter with the Grail, Launcelot's death can be interpreted as a triumphant assurance of heavenly peace, despite the tone of loss that marks the scene.
The Catholic Historical Review : One Hundred Years of Scholarship on Catholic Missions in the Early Modern World
Authors: Hsia R. Po-chia
Published: April 2015

The author analyzes the 125 articles published in The Catholic Historical Review between 1915 and the centennial. The first part contextualizes the individual contributions against landmark scholarship in the field of Catholic missions to colonial Latin America and Ming China. The second part presents statistical analyses of the articles by subfields and decades, showing the preponderance of publications in Latin America (48 percent), North America (30 percent), and Asia (12 percent). It concludes with a succinct comparison of the profile of this journal in the field of missions history against other scholarly venues
Titian’s Rape of Europa : The Posture of The Pose
Authors: Roe Cynthia
Published: April 2015

Between 1552–1562, Titian painted the poesie , a series of eroticized mythologies commissioned by Philip II of Spain. Titian’s depiction of the Rape of Europa (1559–1562), drawn from Ovid’s Metamorphoses , was a radical departure from classical, medieval, and Renaissance interpretations of the myth. Europa’s awkward and highly sexualized pose on the back of the bull-god deviated wildly from pictorial conventions and was an iconographic anomaly within the visual tradition. This essay examines Europa’s suggestive posture within the context of sixteenth-century social politics and the issues surrounding proper female deportment. It argues that Europa was the antithesis of the feminine ideal and challenged the cultural constraints of female sexuality and definitions of feminine beauty in the Renaissance. Ultimately, the author asserts that Titian wantonly mocked theoretical conventions of decorum for the sake of erotic expression and for the private pleasure of Europa’s intended male viewer, Philip II of Spain.
IL RE Torrismondo: Tasso’s Tragedy of Errors
Authors: Bartnæs Morten
Published: April 2015

Extrapolating from positions stated in the two main traditions of criticism on Torquato Tassos’s Il re Torrismondo —the nineteenth-century opinion of the play as a failed tragedy, and today’s dominant view of it as a display of a “metaphysics of darkness”—this article explores an alternative approach to Il re Torrismondo ’s manifest deviances from the linguistic, technical, and ethical norms of the tragic genre. By introducing the Renaissance notion of stylistic frigidity ( frigidum / psuchrón , i.e., false bombast, fustian) as an interpretive key, the article questions a presupposition of both these interpretive traditions—the assumption that Tasso’s intention with Il re Torrismondo was to compose a “very serious” tragedy—and suggests that the play’s relation to its predecessors in the tragic genre, rather than being reminiscent of the author’s alleged disability to free himself from his sources, is revelatory of a tactic of derision.
Translatio Studii in Joan Boscán’s Cortesano and Charles V’s Performance of Sprezzatura
Authors: Howard Keith David
Published: April 2015

Recent investigation into Joan Boscán’s 1534 Castilian translation of Baldassar Castiglione’s Libro del cortegiano has focused on how Charles V’s Spanish courtiers appropriated Castiglione’s lessons in order to affirm their own status as the elite nobility of their society. These studies, however, overlook the wider European context of international politics, where Charles and his courtiers constantly faced foreign leaders and diplomats to whom they wished to prove that a cultural equality, if not superiority, had indeed accompanied their emperor’s political dominance. In Boscán’s translation, it is possible to note a desire to produce a Spanish book which will replace its Italian counterpart as an elegant source of humanist conceptions of language, history, and rhetoric, already well adapted to a monarchical-imperial ideology. In fact, soon after the publication of this translation, Charles himself demonstrated his own sprezzatura in a speech, steeped in the humanist tradition, given to the European political community.
Ex Quibus Unus Fuit Odorannus: Community and Self in an Eleventh-Century Monastery (Saint Pierre-Le-Vif, Sens)
Authors: Bright Catherine
Published: April 2015

Odorannus (ca. 985–ca. 1046), a Benedictine monk of Saint Pierre-le-Vif, Sens, wrote historical works, musical theory, biblical exegesis, liturgy, pastoral care works, and was also a goldsmith who crafted a reliquary for the remains of Saint Savinian. His writings, which he himself compiled in 1045, survive in an autograph manuscript. They speak to his dynamic social interactions in the insecure milieu of early eleventh-century France. This article highlights the personal nature of Odorannus’s texts and of his revision process, and demonstrates that the diverse roles Odorannus came to play due to his accomplishments allowed for his self-importance as an author and member of his community, despite his humble status as a monk. It includes discussion of Odorannus’s foundation legend and chronicle for Saint Pierre-le-Vif, his letters and exile to Saint Denis in the early 1020s, as well as aging and the ritual commemoration of the dead.
Fulk of Neuilly, Innocent III, and the Preaching of the Fourth Crusade
Authors: Jones Andrew W.
Published: April 2015

This article offers a reassessment of Fulk of Neuilly, the Fourth Crusade’s most prominent preacher. Traditionally, Fulk has been treated as a colorful, yet ultimately unimportant, participant in the formative period of the crusade. This article suggests, however, that Fulk’s activities were an important component in Innocent III’s crusade plans. By looking at Fulk’s activities within the context of Innocent III’s conceptions of reform and crusade, Fulk is revealed to be not the uncontrollable enthusiast so often depicted by historians, but rather a dependable proponent of the papal vision, a vision which viewed the need for moral reform and the need to succor the Holy Land as two aspects of the same imperative. Furthermore, Fulk’s incorporation into the legation of Peter Capuano was an early example of what would become a common papal strategy in the thirteenth century: the use of popular preachers under apostolic authorization to advance specific papal programs. In reconstructing the activities and importance of Fulk of Neuilly, this article sheds light on both the formative period of the Fourth Crusade and on the idea of crusade itself.
Religious Self-Fashioning as a Motive in Early Modern Diary Keeping: The Evidence of Lady Margaret Hoby’s Diary 1599–1603
Authors: Robertson Travis
Published: April 2015

Although it has received little attention from scholars, the diary of Lady Margaret Hoby provides an invaluable insight into early modern English puritan piety. From its torn and faded entries a vivid narrative of early modern religiosity emerges. This article critically examines the influence that the diary and its religiosity exerted on the identity of Lady Margaret Hoby. Using evidence from the diary itself and Hoby’s social milieu as well as evidence found in contemporary conduct books, the diary is interpreted as a document in which Hoby fashioned a liberating self-identity, which contextualized her own existence, constructed via a serial narrative, within the eschatological meta-narrative of English Calvinism. Through this process it is suggested that the diary became a material site wherein Hoby’s religious self could be legitimized and maintained, protected from the political and religious uncertainties of Yorkshire in the last years of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign.
Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence
Authors: Ballan Mohammad
Published: April 2015

The primary focus of this article is a reconsideration of Fraxinetum as an Islamic frontier state in tenth-century Provence. Traditional scholarship about Fraxinetum has interpreted the Muslim presence in Provence within the context of piracy. The interpretation of Fraxinetum as a pirate base centers largely on the interpretation of primary documents and the replication of the arguments of the Latin chroniclers within modern scholarship. Seeking to challenge the view that the Muslims in Francia were merely bandits, through a reassessment of primary sources and an analysis of some nontextual evidence, this article demonstrates that Fraxinetum was the political, military, and economic center of an Islamic frontier state in Provence that was populated largely by ghāzīs or mujāhidīn (Islamic frontier warriors) from al-Andalus. Reconceptualizing Fraxinetum as an Islamic frontier state should not be understood to mean that Muslim activity in Provence was centrally administered, but intends to convey that jihād , as well as certain economic motivations, played a crucial role in this frontier military settlement and, as such, needs to be adequately understood. This will allow scholars to comprehend more fully the nature of Fraxinetum, providing additional insight into the Muslim presence in Provence, and contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon of Islamic frontier states more broadly during the tenth century.
Undone and forfeited to cares forever: The Plight of Bertram in All’s Well That Ends Well
Authors: Ross Emily
Published: April 2015

Marriage under compulsion was a hot topic in the Renaissance: lawyers tried to regulate it, moralists railed against it, and playwrights dramatized it. Shakespearean works such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream use the threat of forced marriage to drive the plot, but through comic or tragic means this threat is averted. This is not the case in All’s Well That Ends Well , in which Bertram is compelled to marry Helena. However, Bertram gets little sympathy in the play and has not had much more from critics who have tended to focus on Helena’s experience. This article reappraises his situation by examining the play’s portrayal of the procedural steps of marriage (vows and consummation), digressing into discussion of the moral and legal issues involved at the points these issues arise, contrasting Bertram’s experiences against other Shakespearean characters, and considering how power and sympathy are managed to make Bertram’s subjection more palatable.
Spaces of Exclusion in Twelfth-Century Santiago De Compostela
Authors: Forney Christopher James
Published: April 2015

As the settlement and pilgrimage of Santiago de Compostela grew, the city’s central spaces gradually became sources of rupture between local residents and pilgrims. The important places of Compostela, such as religious community buildings, the palace and the cathedral, were intended to accommodate the city’s religious visitors. The interplay of significances embodied in the city’s spatial networks translated into sources of tension in Compostela, which cast native Compostelans as outsiders, and welcomed foreign pilgrims. Compostelans endured in these spaces which became increasingly exclusionary as the pilgrimage expanded. In the twelfth century, the pro-pilgrimage policies of Bishop Diego Gelmírez increased the exclusionary effect of the city’s spaces to such an extent that Compostelans finally rebelled. The activities of rebels were directed at precisely the structures and spaces that, as epicenters of pilgrimage and episcopal activity, generated the strongest antipathy among urban inhabitants.
Perceptions of the Campus Climate for Nonreligious Students
Authors: Rockenbach Alyssa N. , Mayhew Matthew J. , Bowman Nicholas A.
Published: April 2015

Based on a campus climate survey involving 633 respondents from two institutions, this study examined perceptions of nonreligious acceptance on campus as a function of students’ religious identification and strength of commitment to worldview. The findings suggest that atheist students are less inclined than are their peers to perceive a positive campus climate for nonreligious individuals. In addition, committed Christians tend to have more positive perceptions of the nonreligious climate than do students of other worldviews.
Responses of Common Reed ( Phragmites australis ) to Nitrogen and Temperature Manipulations
Authors: Mykleby Phillip M. , Awada Tala , Lenters John D. , Bihmidine Saadia , Yarina Adam J. , Young Stephen L.
Published: April 2015

Invasion of introduced lineage of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) into water-saturated communities in the Great Plains has modified habitats and ecosystem services. In several areas it grows alongside and out-competes its native counterpart. We investigated ecophysiological responses of the two lineages to nitrogen (N) fertilization and temperature (19°, 25°, and 32°C). Photosynthesis (A max ) did not differ between lineages at temperatures of 19° and 25°C but was higher in the native lineage at 32°C. Fertilization improved A max at all temperatures, and was more pronounced in the native than in the introduced lineage. Native P. australis had higher δ 13 C and water use efficiency (wue) compared to the introduced lineage. Differences in maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m ), carboxylation efficiency (V cmax ), and electron transport (J max ) were observed between lineages, and generally responded positively to treatments. Our results indicated that the native P. australis may better withstand water fluctuations and warmer temperatures than its introduced counterpart, and could contribute to diverse plant communities under warmer climate scenarios. In contrast, under cool temperatures, the introduced lineage has an advantage that could lead to further displacement of native species in water-saturated communities.