bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A detailed explanation and graphical representation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method with its application in health inequalities
Authors: Rahimi Ebrahim , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to be applied in explaining inequality in health outcome across any two groups. In order to understand every aspect of the inequality, multiple regression model can be used in a way to decompose the inequality into contributing factors. The method can therefore be indicated to what extent of the difference in mean predicted outcome between two groups is due to differences in the levels of observable characteristics (acceptable and fair). Assuming the identical characteristics in the two groups, the remaining inequality can be due to differential effects of the characteristics, maybe discrimination, and unobserved factors that not included in the model. Thus, using the decomposition methods can identify the contribution of each particular factor in moderating the current inequality. Accordingly, more detailed information can be provided for policy-makers, especially concerning modifiable factors. The method is theoretically described in detail and schematically presented. In the following, some criticisms of the model are reviewed, and several statistical commands are represented for performing the method, as well. Furthermore, the application of it in the health inequality with an applied example is presented.
The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus infections of the central nervous system after organ transplantation
Authors: Ridha Mohamed , Jones Dylan G. , Lerner David P. , Vytopil Michal , Voetsch Barbara , Burns Joseph D. , Ramineni Anil , Raibagkar Pooja
Published: August 2021

Background

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related neurologic complications have a diverse presentation in transplant recipients, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this case series, we report unique manifestations of EBV related neurologic complications following solid organ transplant and highlight pitfalls in management.

Case presentations

A retrospective search of the electronic medical record of all patients from January 2015 to December 2020 who underwent solid organ transplantation and had central nervous system complications as determined by ICD-10 codes were included. Three patients with unique manifestation of EBV-related neurologic complications after liver transplantation were identified. The first was a 52-year-old man with a live-donor liver transplant 11 years prior for Budd-Chiari syndrome presented with several weeks of headache and several lesions on brain MRI; he was diagnosed with primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The second patient was a 63-year-old man with a deceased-donor liver transplant 16 years prior for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and was found to have a stroke; he was diagnosed with EBV encephalitis. The final patient was a 75-year-old woman with a deceased-donor liver transplant six years prior for primary biliary cirrhosis who presented with four months of gait instability; she was diagnosed with EBV myelitis. A review of the literature was performed to supplement description of the different diseases.

Conclusions

EBV-related central nervous infection in post-transplant patients can manifest in a variety of neurologic syndromes, which can be challenging to diagnose. Careful correlation of clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings and a high index of suspicion are crucial in identification and appropriate management.
Dexamethasone and tocilizumab treatment considerably reduces the value of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to detect secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kooistra Emma J. , van Berkel Miranda , van Kempen Noortje F. , van Latum Celine R. M. , Bruse Niklas , Frenzel Tim , van den Berg Maarten J. W. , Schouten Jeroen A. , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter
Published: August 2021

Background

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were previously shown to have value for the detection of secondary infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, since the introduction of immunomodulatory therapy, the value of these biomarkers is unclear. We investigated PCT and CRP kinetics in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with dexamethasone with or without tocilizumab, and assessed the value of these biomarkers to detect secondary bacterial infections.

Methods

In this prospective study, 190 critically ill COVID-19 patients were divided into three treatment groups:no dexamethasone, no tocilizumab (D−T−),dexamethasone, no tocilizumab (D+T−), anddexamethasone and tocilizumab (D+T+). Serial data of PCT and CRP were aligned on the last day of dexamethasone treatment, and kinetics of these biomarkers were analyzed between 6 days prior to cessation of dexamethasone and 10 days afterwards. Furthermore, the D+T− and D+T+ groups were subdivided into secondary infection and no-secondary infection groups to analyze differences in PCT and CRP kinetics and calculate detection accuracy of these biomarkers for the occurrence of a secondary infection.

Results

Following cessation of dexamethasone, there was a rebound in PCT and CRP levels, most pronounced in the D+T− group. Upon occurrence of a secondary infection, no significant increase in PCT and CRP levels was observed in the D+T− group (p = 0.052 andp = 0.08, respectively). Although PCT levels increased significantly in patients of the D+T+ group who developed a secondary infection (p = 0.0003), this rise was only apparent from day 2 post-infection onwards. CRP levels remained suppressed in the D+T+ group. Receiver operating curve analysis of PCT and CRP levels yielded area under the curves of 0.52 and 0.55, respectively, which are both markedly lower than those found in the group of COVID-19 patients not treated with immunomodulatory drugs (0.80 and 0.76, respectively, withpvalues for differences between groups of 0.001 and 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Cessation of dexamethasone in critically ill COVID-19 patients results in a rebound increase in PCT and CRP levels unrelated to the occurrence of secondary bacterial infections. Furthermore, immunomodulatory treatment with dexamethasone and tocilizumabconsiderably reducesthe value of PCT and CRP for detection of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.
Comparing syngeneic and autochthonous models of breast cancer to identify tumor immune components that correlate with response to immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Lal Jessica Castrillon , Townsend Madeline G. , Mehta Anita K. , Oliwa Madisson , Miller Eric , Sotayo Alaba , Cheney Emily , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Letai Anthony , Guerriero Jennifer L.
Published: August 2021

Background

The heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the lack of durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); however, mouse models to test this are currently lacking. Proper selection and use of preclinical models are necessary for rigorous, preclinical studies to rapidly move laboratory findings into the clinic.

Methods

Three versions of a common syngeneic model derived from the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model were generated by inoculating 1E6, 1E5, or 1E4 cells derived from the MMTV-PyMT mouse into wildtype recipient mice. To elucidate how tumor latency and TME heterogeneity contribute to ICB resistance, comprehensive characterization of the TME using quantitative flow-cytometry and RNA expression analysis (NanoString) was performed. Subsequently, response to ICB was tested. These procedures were repeated using the EMT6 breast cancer model.

Results

The 3 syngeneic versions of the MMTV-PyMT model had vastly different TMEs that correlated to ICB response. The number of cells used to generate syngeneic tumors significantly influenced tumor latency, infiltrating leukocyte populations, and response to ICB. These results were confirmed using the EMT6 breast cancer model. Compared to the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model, all 3 MMTV-PyMT syngeneic models had significantly more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and higher proportions of PD-L1-positive myeloid cells, whereas the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model had the highest frequency of myeloid cells out of total leukocytes. Increased TILs correlated with response to anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy, but PD-L1expression on tumor cells or PD-1 expression of T cells did not.

Conclusions

These studies reveal that tumor cell number correlates with tumor latency, TME, and response to ICB. ICB-sensitive and resistant syngeneic breast cancer models were identified, in which the 1E4 syngeneic model was most resistant to ICB. Given the lack of benefit from ICB in breast cancer, identifying robust murine models presented here provides the opportunity to further interrogate the TME for breast cancer treatment and provide novel insights into therapeutic combinations to overcome ICB resistance.
Sudden onset dyspnea caused by Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia in an adult: a case report
Authors: Machado Contreras Luis Alfonso , Retamoso Díaz Stephanie Paola , Valencia Gerardo , Morales Luis Carlos , Herrera Bedoya María José
Published: August 2021

Background

Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is a developmental defect of the posterolateral portion of the diaphragm. This defect may allow abdominal contents to abnormally occupy the thoracic cavity, resulting in most cases in the compression of the developing lungs. Signs are typically shown during early childhood since the defect is usually present during development. In exceptional cases, however, Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia can be observed in asymptomatic adult patients, or in those whose initial diagnosis may include common respiratory pathologies such as asthma.

Case presentation

Here we describe the case of a 31-year-old Mestizo female patient admitted to the emergency room owing to sudden onset of pain in the left hypochondrium and in epigastrium, as well as signs of respiratory distress. Soon after admission, the patient entered cardiorespiratory arrest, and advanced cardiac life support was provided for 45 minutes without success. The patient was declared dead 1 hour 40 minutes after admission. Clinical autopsy concluded that cause of death was respiratory failure as a complication of a previously undiagnosed Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia.

Conclusions

We report an exceptional case of Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia as the cause of rapid-onset respiratory failure and death in an adult. Unfortunately, due to its unusual presentation, Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is rarely considered among the list of differential diagnoses when admitting an adult patient with respiratory symptoms. By reporting this case, we encourage the medical community and trainees to consider diaphragmatic defects when approaching a patient with sudden onset of abdominal pain with concomitant respiratory symptoms.
Wonder, delusions and meaning
Authors: Baldwin Christopher Donald
Published: August 2021

Strands of thought in the philosophy of mind offer another way of looking at the nature of mental illness and how it arises from intense emotional states. Analysing the phenomenon of wonder is suggested as a novel approach to explaining delusions and variations in insight.
Integrating telepsychiatry services in a care setting in Kenya: a case report
Authors: Njenga Frank , Ongeri Linnet , Nguithi Anna , Anundo Jacqueline , Mugane Maryann , Kimari Zawadi , Mbugua Gathoni , Kaigwa Cushny , Atwoli Lukoye
Published: August 2021

Globally, health providers and patients alike have been forced to adapt rapidly to the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although telepsychiatry has been tested and found just as effective as face-to-face care, there still remains little uptake of this form of care provision in sub-Saharan Africa. This case study highlights the use of telepsychiatry in a previously telemedicine-naive private mental health facility in Kenya. We describe the challenges and lessons learned from the experience. We conclude on the need to test the effectiveness and acceptability of this mode of therapy in sub-Saharan Africa.
Clinical Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Other Targeted Therapies Based on Tumor Versus Plasma Genomic Profiling
Authors: Tran Hai T. , Lam Vincent K. , Elamin Yasir Y. , Hong Lingzhi , Colen Rivka , Elshafeey Nabil A. , Hassan Islam S. A. , Altan Mehmet , Blumenschein George R. , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Rivera Melvin J. , Vasquez Mayra E. , Carter Brett W. , Byers Lauren E. , Tsao Anne S. , Gibbons Don L. , Fossella Frank , Glisson Bonnie S. , Zhang Jianjun , Heymach John V.
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

To compare clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targetable genomic alterations detected using plasma-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or tumor-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays treated with US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies at a large academic research cancer center.

METHODS

A retrospective review from our MD Anderson GEMINI database identified 2,224 blood samples sent for ctDNA NGS testing from 1971 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Clinical, treatment, and outcome information were collected, reviewed, and analyzed.

RESULTS

Overall, 27% of the ctDNA tests identified at least one targetable mutation and 73% of targetable mutations were EGFR-sensitizing mutations. Among patients treated with first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, there were no significant differences in progression-free survival of 379 days and 352 days ( P value = .41) with treatment based on tissue (n = 40) or ctDNA (n = 40), respectively. Additionally, there were no differences in progression-free survival or objective response rate among those with low (n = 8, 0.01%-0.99%) versus high (n = 16, ≥ 1%) levels of ctDNA of the targetable mutation as measured by variant allele frequency (VAF). Overall, there was excellent testing concordance (n = 217 tests) of > 97%, sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 99.7% between blood-based ctDNA NGS and tissue-based NGS assays.

CONCLUSION

There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among patients treated with approved EGFR-TKIs whose mutations were identified using either tumor- or plasma-based comprehensive profiling and those with very low VAF as compared with high VAF, supporting the use of plasma-based profiling to guide initial TKI use in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Vector gap solitons in pseudo-Zeeman lattices
Authors: Li Huagang , Peng Xi , Shi Zhiwei
Published: August 2021

Soliton complexes provide an effective way to study the interaction of solitons and the dynamics of nonlinear systems. Based on the realization of pseudo-Zeeman lattice in optics, the soliton components of the soliton complexes have different potential fields, and thus have different propagation characteristics. The interaction of the soliton components makes the soliton complexes exhibit novel and unique propagation characteristics, that is, passing through the lattice without reflection and the weak light controlling the strong light through the attraction between the components of the soliton complexes.
Migrant Struggles in South Korea and Elsewhere
Authors: Choi) Manie (Jong-Man , Liu Joyce C. H. , Neilson Brett
Published: August 2021

Bidduth, Syed, and Samar were dishonorably deported from South Korea about fifteen years ago while they were protesting for the rights of undocumented migrant workers. Since returning to their home countries, Bangladesh and Nepal, they have been practicing modes of solidarity that they learned during the years of struggle. Still, We Are Migrant Workers is a documentary film made to record their personal history, will, and current political projects. This is an interview about the historical background of labor migration in Korea, the struggles of the characters in the film, and the alternatives they have been pursuing in the wake of their deportations.
Toxic Positivity?
Authors: Swift Jayne
Published: August 2021

This article examines how, in the public eye, the hooker became happy. Extending Sara Ahmed’s concept of the “happiness duty,” the article explicates how sex positivity has inaugurated “respectability” politics within sex worker social movements. The author argues that sex worker social movements have sought to change public debates about commercial sex, vis-à-vis an antistereotype strategy that reimagined the sex worker as a sex-positive feminist, distinguished less by her critical politics of pleasure and more by the implication that she freely chooses and finds happiness in her work. Emphasizing happiness has allowed sex workers to become legible as political actors within preexisting terms of liberal citizenship. This strategy, however, has effectively affirmed the cultural logics of the “rescue industry” and poses significant challenges to cross-class, -racial, and -age solidarity among those in the sex trades. To make this argument, the author analyzes original oral history interviews and sex worker cultural production associated with the Lusty Lady theater. A historically significant and recently closed commercial sex franchise located in San Francisco and Seattle, the Lusty Lady serves as a unique access point for understanding sex worker social movements, as it was a central institution in sex worker counterpublics. This article enhances analyses of sex worker social movements by considering how sex positivity has both cohered and constrained sex worker social movements.
ZBTB20 is crucial for the specification of a subset of callosal projection neurons and astrocytes in the mammalian neocortex
Authors: Medeiros de Araújo Jéssica Alves , Barão Soraia , Mateos-White Isabel , Espinosa Ana , Costa Marcos Romualdo , Gil-Sanz Cristina , Müller Ulrich
Published: August 2021

Neocortical progenitor cells generate subtypes of excitatory projection neurons in sequential order followed by the generation of astrocytes. The transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated in regulation of cell specification during neocortical development. Here, we show that ZBTB20 instructs the generation of a subset of callosal projections neurons in cortical layers II/III in mouse. Conditional deletion of Zbtb20 in cortical progenitors, and to a lesser degree in differentiating neurons, leads to an increase in the number of layer IV neurons at the expense of layer II/III neurons. Astrogliogenesis is also affected in the mutants with an increase in the number of a specific subset of astrocytes expressing GFAP. Astrogliogenesis is more severely disrupted by a ZBTB20 protein containing dominant mutations linked to Primrose syndrome, suggesting that ZBTB20 acts in concert with other ZBTB proteins that were also affected by the dominant-negative protein to instruct astrogliogenesis. Overall, our data suggest that ZBTB20 acts both in progenitors and in postmitotic cells to regulate cell fate specification in the mammalian neocortex.
The neuroblast timer gene nubbin exhibits functional redundancy with gap genes to regulate segment identity in Tribolium
Authors: Tidswell Olivia R. A. , Benton Matthew A. , Akam Michael
Published: August 2021

The neuroblast timer genes hunchback, Krüppel, nubbin and castor are expressed in temporal sequence in neural stem cells, and in corresponding spatial sequence along the Drosophila blastoderm. As canonical gap genes, hunchback and Krüppel play a crucial role in insect segmentation, but the roles of nubbin and castor in this process remain ambiguous. We have investigated the expression and functions of nubbin and castor during segmentation in the beetle Tribolium. We show that Tc-hunchback, Tc-Krüppel, Tc-nubbin and Tc-castor are expressed sequentially in the segment addition zone, and that Tc-nubbin regulates segment identity redundantly with two previously described gap/gap-like genes, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps. Simultaneous knockdown of Tc-nubbin, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps results in the formation of ectopic legs on abdominal segments. This homeotic transformation is caused by loss of abdominal Hox gene expression, likely due to expanded Tc-Krüppel expression. Our findings support the theory that the neuroblast timer series was co-opted for use in insect segment patterning, and contribute to our growing understanding of the evolution and function of the gap gene network outside of Drosophila.
A general role for TANGO1, encoded by MIA3, in secretory pathway organization and function
Authors: McCaughey Janine , Stevenson Nicola L. , Mantell Judith M. , Neal Chris R. , Paterson Alex , Heesom Kate , Stephens David J.
Published: August 2021

Complex machinery is required to drive secretory cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates, the MIA3 gene encodes two major forms of transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1S and TANGO1L), which have previously been implicated in selective trafficking of procollagen. Using genome engineering of human cells, light microscopy, secretion assays, genomics and proteomics, we show that disruption of the longer form, TANGO1L, results in relatively minor defects in secretory pathway organization and function, including having limited impacts on procollagen secretion. In contrast, loss of both long and short forms results in major defects in cell organization and secretion. These include a failure to maintain the localization of ERGIC53 (also known as LMAN1) and SURF4 to the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment and dramatic changes to the ultrastructure of the ER–Golgi interface. Disruption of TANGO1 causes significant changes in early secretory pathway gene and protein expression, and impairs secretion not only of large proteins, but of all types of secretory cargo, including small soluble proteins. Our data support a general role for MIA3/TANGO1 in maintaining secretory pathway structure and function in vertebrate cells.
Birsigverbauung und mittelalterliche Siedlungsreste im Gebiet Streitgasse/Barfüsserplatz
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

Archäologische Untersuchung im Bereich Streitgasse/Barfüsserplatz. Das Mauerstück und der zugehörige Verkehrsweg datieren nach Ausweis der Funde ins 13. Jahrhundert.
Phasen der Entwicklung des Abschnittes der Äusseren Stadtbefestigung zwischen Spalenvorstadt und Rhein
Authors: Helmig Guido , Ritzmann Hans
Published: August 2021

Wir stehen erst am Anfang der Erforschung einer «Entwicklungsgeschichte der Basler Vorstädte», die allmählich aufgrund archäologischer Beobachtungen und historischer Quellenaufarbeitung die Dynamik des Wachstums der Stadt widerspiegelt. Noch sind die Ergebnisse der zwischen Innerer und Äusserer Stadtmauer getätigten archäologischen Sondierungen zu spärlich und zu wenig «flächendeckend», als dass bereits aufgrund dieser Aufschlüsse das Wachstum der Vorstädte - als solche werden die Quartiere ausserhalb der Inneren Ringmauer noch heute bezeichnet - deutlicher gefasst werden könnte.

Jedoch wird schon mit dem vorgestellten Inventar der Äusseren Stadtmauer deutlich, dass die Ausdehnung der Stadt nicht gleichförmig und linear vom Zentrum ausgehend erfolgte, sondern dass sich diese Stadtentwicklung nach verkehrsgeographischen, topographischen und politischen Gesichtspunkten vollzog.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand von Beobachtungen an den Befestigungen und den daran angrenzenden Bauwerken den möglichen Ablauf der Entwicklung der mittelalterlichen Stadt zwischen Spalentor und Rhein näher zu beleuchten.
Leonhardsgraben 61. Untersuchung der Seitenfassade: Befunde zur Baugeschichte und zu den Stadtmauern
Authors: Reicke Daniel
Published: August 2021

Anlässlich der Renovation der Fassaden am Leonhardsgraben 61 hatten die Mitarbeiter der Denkmalpflege im Sommer 1989 Gelegenheit, die östliche Seitenfassade zu untersuchen.

Der in die Augen springende Hauptbefund ist die Innere Stadtmauer, deren Querschnitt erfasst wurde. Zudem konnten Befunde zu mehreren Hausbauphasen dokumentiert werden.
Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen für das Jahr 1989
Authors: D'Aujourd'hui Rolf
Published: August 2021

Der erste Teil des Jahresberichts umfasst den Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen, der die im Berichtsjahr erfolgten Aktivitäten des Amtes vorstellt und kommentiert, sowie eine Fundchronik mit einem Kurzbeschrieb sämtlicher im Laufe eines Jahres registrierter Fundstellen.
Die Alte Landvogtei in Riehen
Authors: Richner Kaspar , Stegmüller Christian
Published: August 2021

Im Winter 1989/1990 wurde die Alte Landvogtei in Rliehen umgebaut und teilweise neu unterkellert.

Unter einigen Umbauten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert kamen die Reste einer landwirtschaftlichen Anlage aud dem frühen 17. Jahhrundert zum Vorschein. Da sich in der Landvogtei, wie die alternative Bezeichnung «Zehntentrotte» und vielfache Erwähnungen in den Bauakten belegen, eine Trotte befunden hat, liegt der Schluss nahe, in diesem massiven Unterbau die Standfläche für eine hölzerne Trotte zu sehen. Zudem wurden unter einem Bretterboden noch Tresterreste (Traubenkerne und -stiele, z. T. ganze Rosinen) gefunden.

Von einem spätmittelalterlichen Vorgängerbau waren nur noch spärliche Überreste erhalten.
Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen für das Jahr 1990
Authors: D'Aujourd'hui Rolf
Published: August 2021

Der erste Teil des Jahresberichts umfasst den Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen, der die im Berichtsjahr erfolgten Aktivitäten des Amtes vorstellt und kommentiert, sowie eine Fundchronik mit einem Kurzbeschrieb sämtlicher im Laufe eines Jahres registrierter Fundstellen.
Erste Resultate der Renovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel
Authors: Helmig Guido , Reicke Daniel
Published: August 2021

Die 1990 geplante Innenrenovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel erforderte nur geringe Eingriffe ins Erdreich; lediglich unter dem Lettner war eine geringfügige Absenkung des Fussbodens für die Verlegung einer Bodenheizung vorgesehen. Im eigentlichen Chor war eine umfassende Sanierung der verschmutzten Wände notwendig, das darunter liegende Mauerwerk wurde freigelegt und der vom Verputz entblösste Mauerstreifen fotografisch dokumentiert.

Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen und baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen werden im vorliegenden Bericht vorgestellt.
Ein Längsschnitt durch die St. Johanns-Vorstadt
Authors: Richner Kaspar
Published: August 2021

Die St. Johanns-Vorstadt wurde in den Jahren 1990 bis 1991 bei diversen Leitungsarbeiten auf ihrer ganzen Länge vom Totentanz bis zum St. Johanns-Tor aufgegraben.

Die Vorstadt ist im 13. Jahrhundert aus zwei Keimzellen gewachsen: aus der Ansiedlung der Dominikaner (oder Prediger) unmittelbar vor der Inneren Stadtmauer beim Totentanz und aus der Niederlassung der Johanniter am äusseren Ende der Vorstadt, die dem Quartier auch ihren Namen aufgeprägt haben.
Zur Kurtinenmauer des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian
Published: August 2021

Beim freigelegten Mauerstück handelte es sich  um die innere Kurtinenmauer des im 17. Jahrhundert im Birsigtal neu angelegten Befestigungswalles. Das genaue Baudatum der Kurtine ist nicht bekannt; sie dürfte jedoch wie die aus der Stadtmauerflucht herausragenden Bastionen («Schanzen», z.B. die nahegelegene und heute noch teilweise erhaltene Steinenschanze) in den Jahren 1622-1628 errichtet worden sein.
Vorbericht über die Grabungen 1991 in der spätkeltischen Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Jud Peter , Spichtig Norbert
Published: August 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» im Jahr 1991.
Ein Steinbau aus dem 13. Jahrhundert in der Spalenvorstadt
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian
Published: August 2021

In der Hauptsache geht das abgebrochene Gebäude auf das 16. Jahrhundert zurück, die urkundliche Überlieferung erwähnt aber bereits für das späte 14. Jahrhundert ein Haus mit Scheunen auf dieser und der Nachbarparzelle. Reste dieser Gebäude wurden anlässlich der Untersuchungen von Denkmalpflege und Bodenforschung gefasst.

Darüber hinaus konnten ältere, aus historischen Quellen bisher nicht bekannte Gebäude definiert werden. Diese - ein kleines unterkellertes Steinhaus und ein dahinter errichtetes einfaches Holzhaus oder ein hölzerner Anbau - sind von Bedeutung, weil sie in die Frühzeit der Spalenvorstadt zurückgehen.
Petersgraben 5, 1992/40: Türme an der Inneren Stadtmauer?
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

Ein kleiner Bodeneingriff erbrachte ausser neuen Aufschlüssen zu den beiden bekannten Stadtmauern am Petersgraben auch den Nachweis eines bisher unbekannten, wohl mit der Inneren Stadtmauer errichteten, massiv fundamentierten Mauerturms.

Ein anderer, schon vor längerem nachgewiesener halbrunder Anbau unmittelbar daneben auf der Grenze zum Nachbargebäude Petersgraben 3 - anfänglich als mittelalterlicher Schalenturm gedeutet - muss aus heutiger Sicht als Latrinenturm interpretiert werden.
Spätmittelalterliche Getreidefunde aus einer Brandschicht des Basler Rosshof-Areales (15. Jahrhundert AD)
Authors: Kühn Marlu , Jacomet Stefanie
Published: August 2021

Aus einer Brandschicht des 15. Jahrhunderts vom Basler Rosshof-Areal, wo von 1983 bis 1986 eine Ausgrabung stattfand, wurden 17 an pflanzlichen Resten sehr reichhaltige Proben auf ihre Samen und Früchte hin untersucht.

Es wurden zahlreiche Erkenntnisse über die Ernährung der spätmittelalterlichen Bevölkerung Basels erarbeitet sowie Informationen über die Herkunft der Nahrungspflanzen und die Methoden, mit denen sie zur damaligen Zeit angebaut wurden, gewonnen.
Case Report: Secondary bilateral parkinsonism and dystonia treated with dronabinol
Authors: Szejko Natalia , Burger Florian , Sidoroff Victoria , Wenning Gregor K.
Published: August 2021

Drug abuse may damage basal ganglia that are essential for planning and execution of movements. We report about the case of a 38-year old patient with ischemic lesions of the basal ganglia presenting with bilateral painful dystonia and parkinsonism caused by polyintoxication. Dronabinol resulted in improvement of pain and gait disturbance, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy in these challenging patients.
Determinants of preterm birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study
Authors: Deriba Berhanu Senbeta , Ayalew Agumas Fentahun , Gebru Addis Adera
Published: August 2021

Background: Around 15 million babies are born prematurely in the world every year. The most common cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia is premature birth. To reduce the rate of preterm delivery by correcting modifiable or preventable causes, the availability of local data is important. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia.

Methods: An Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in central Ethiopia to select 170 cases and 340 controls. The collected data were entered into EPI INFO and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the results. Binary and multiple logistic regressions analysis were computed to identify determinants of preterm birth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a p-value < 0.05 were computed to determine the presence of an association between preterm birth and independent variables.

Results: A total of 166 cases and 332 controls participated in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. Cigarette smoking (AOR=3.77, 95% CI=1.35,10.56), alcohol consumption (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.11,3.10), wanted but unplanned pregnancy (AOR=3,95% CI=1.68,5.34), neither wanted nor planned pregnancy(AOR=3.61% CI=1.62,8.06), lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=4.13, 95% CI=1.95, 8.74), adverse birth outcomes (AOR=5.66, 95% CI=2.88,11.12), presence of a diagnosed illness (AOR=2.81, 95% CI=1.37, 5.76), presence of one or more of obstetrics complications(AOR=6.44, 95% CI=5.49, 3.35, 9), and hemoglobin level < 11g/dl  (AOR=2.78, 95% CI=1.48, 5.22) were determinants of preterm birth.

Conclusion:-In this study, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status, pregnancy status, adverse birth outcomes, ANC visits, obstetric complications,  presence of medical illness, and anemia were identified as determinants of preterm birth. It is important to encourage such women to attend ANC visits, stop smoking, and abstain from alcohol.
Ethical Issues of Artifi cial Intelligence in Accounting
Authors: Mislavskaya N.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the issues of economic ethics associated with the coming era of artifi cial intelligence and digitalization, and the introduction of these technologies into the system of national accounting and accounting (fi nancial) reporting. Analyzing the situation, the author comes to the conclusion that the reformation of the modern methodological paradigm is inevitable and imperative. Artifi cial intelligence technologies prioritize the information needs of the state and society as a whole, translating them into the category of the main interested users.
Accounting for Fixed Assets and Capital Investments As a Key Issue in the Audit of Financial Statements
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of accounting of fixed assets in organizations, whose securities are circulated by the organizers of trade on the securities market. These organizations include public joint stock companies, which are subject to mandatory audit. In the auditor's reports issued to such organizations, in accordance with the requirements of ISA 701 "Key Audit Matters", key audit matters should be disclosed. Very often, auditors choose such key issues as "fixed assets" and "capital investments", especially on the eve of the entry into force from January 1, 2022 of the new accounting standards - FSBU 6/2020 "Fixed assets" and FSBU 26 / 2020 "Capital investments". The article discusses the features of accounting for fixed assets and capital investments, due to which auditors assess the risk of misstatement of accounting (financial) statements as increasing and conduct audit procedures to identify such prerequisites for the formation of statements as the valuation of fixed assets and rights to them belonging to the reporting organization.
Stimulating the development of entrepreneurship in the oil and gas complex: financial and economic support
Authors: Bun'kovskiy Dmitriy
Published: August 2021

Taking into account specific entrepreneurial risks, recommendations are given on the formation of the infrastructure of risky investment at the meso-level and the development of investment programs, strategies of territories within the framework of financial and economic assistance to the development of entrepreneurship in the oil and gas complex. Within the limits of the rights, powers and responsibilities granted by the legislation to local governments in the field of socio-economic development of subordinate territories, the characteristics of the means of financial and economic assistance to the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the oil and gas complex are given. From the point of view of supporting the development of entrepreneurship in the oil and gas complex, investment strategies of the territories should be based on both basic economic factors and specialized programs in relation to direct real, strategic and portfolio investors. At the same time, the systematic, integrated use of the cause-and-effect relationships described in this work should contribute to the development of the domestic oil and gas complex in modern conditions.
Estética de lo jondo. Poesía y pintura de Francisco Moreno Galván
Authors: Martín Cabeza Juan Diego
Published: August 2021

Este libro recupera una parte de la historia reciente pero muy desconocida del flamenco en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, profundizando en la obra y personalidad de Francisco Moreno Galván (La Puebla de Cazalla 1925-1999). Aficionado cabal, pintor y poeta, aunó un férreo compromiso por la libertad frente a la dictadura, una reinterpretación de las corrientes de vanguardia pictórica en su tiempo y un respeto absoluto por la tradición estilística del flamenco, a la que supo dotar de nuevas letras que expresan reivindicaciones eternas
"Mujeres ricas y libres". Mujer y poder: Inés Muñoz y las encomenderas en el Perú (s. XVI)
Authors: Pérez Miguel Liliana
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo profundiza en diversos aspectos relativos a las beneficiarias de encomiendas en el virreinato peruano en el siglo XVI, tales como su consideración social y jurídica, o el manejo y administración de sus encomiendas. Utilizando numerosas fuentes primarias, da un paso más al analizar en detalle los modos mediante los cuales las encomenderas intentaron -muchas veces con éxito- defender sus intereses patrimoniales o su propio honor y el de sus familias utilizando de forma muy diligente los esquemas judiciales de entonces. Gran parte de este estudio se realiza a partir del análisis de la encomendera sevillana doña Inés Muñoz de Ribera, cuñada del conquistador Francisco Pizarro. La lectura de este libro nos lleva a reconsiderar la idea del papel supuestamente pasivo de las mujeres en el Perú virreinal al permitirnos observar su contribución en el ámbito social, económico, político, religioso o cultural.
The Right to the Protection of the Unborn Child in the Context of the Judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal of October 22, 2020 in the Case K 1/20
Authors: Gajda Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

The countries of the European Union have decided to share a peaceful future based on common values. However, there are still disputes over the understanding of the most fundamental issues related to the protection of human rights, including protection of the right to life. The author shows that the source of European culture is Christian. However, it is not the only source of shaping the values of Europe. As an example, she cites the differentiation of constitutional legal regulations or controversies related to the jurisprudence of the ECHR. She analyzes the judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal declaring the unconstitutionality of the provisions allowing abortion if prenatal tests or other medical conditions indicate a high probability of a severe and irreversible fetal impairment or an incurable life-threatening disease. This judgment caused enormous opposition from a part of the society. This problem proves that a compromise has not yet been made on the issue of abortion. It is, therefore, difficult to claim that human rights protected in the European Union are given universal meaning.
The Unknowability of Autonomous Tools and the Liminal Experience of Their Use
Authors: Zhang Zhewei , Yoo Youngjin , Lyytinen Kalle , Lindberg Aron
Published: August 2021

Recently companies are increasingly adopting intelligent technologies, such as autonomous tools and artificial intelligence, to assist complex knowledge works that are traditionally carried out by human experts. These tools can independently learn and execute novel actions. The input–output relationships of these tools, however, are unknowable to human experts. This calls for analysis of how humans may work differently while interacting with such tools. To this end, we conduct a comparative case study at one of the world’s largest semiconductor manufacturers. We investigate how chip designers interact with two families of design technologies: one following a traditional designer-centric approach in which the designer knows what outputs particular inputs to the tools will generate, and another relying on autonomous tools that continually surprise the user. Our inquiry reveals that, when using autonomous tools, designers can hardly understand the design generated by the tools and become more like laboratory experimentalists in that their primary job is experimenting with different inputs and assessing the quality of the finished design. Their interactions with the tools are marked by ambiguity, and the design is moved forward along multiple design trajectories in accordance with a multifarious temporality.
The Hidden Role of Contract Terms: The Case of Credit Card Minimum Payments in Mexico
Authors: Medina Paolina C. , Negrin Jose L.
Published: August 2021

This paper argues that thresholds in financial contracts act as implicit nudges in consumers’ decisions. Exploiting a regulatory change to credit card minimum payments in Mexico, we find that a 1-percentage point change in minimum payments leads to a 0.87-percentage point change in actual payments, both expressed as a percentage of total balances. We decompose the effect of minimum payments into a constraining effect and a reference effect. The former captures the effect of minimum payments as a binding constraint and accounts for 59% of its total effect. The latter captures any remaining impact of changes in minimum payments beyond their constraining effect and represents 41% of the total. In turn, 67% of the reference effect is explained by the multiple heuristic: the tendency of consumers to pay whole-number multiples of the minimum payment.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
A New Formulation for the Dial-a-Ride Problem
Authors: Rist Yannik , Forbes Michael A.
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a new mixed integer programming formulation and branch and cut (BC) algorithm to solve the dial-a-ride problem (DARP). The DARP is a route-planning problem where several vehicles must serve a set of customers, each of which has a pickup and delivery location, and includes time window and ride time constraints. We develop “restricted fragments,” which are select segments of routes that can represent any DARP route. We show how to enumerate these restricted fragments and prove results on domination between them. The formulation we propose is solved with a BC algorithm, which includes new valid inequalities specific to our restricted fragment formulation. The algorithm is benchmarked on existing and new instances, solving nine existing instances to optimality for the first time. In comparison with current state-of-the-art methods, run times are reduced between one and two orders of magnitude on large instances.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Oriented Strand Board Exposed to High Temperature and Relative Humidity and Coupled with Near-Infrared Reflectance Modeling
Authors: Cheng Qingzheng , Zhou Chengfeng , Jiang Wei , Zhao Xiping , Via Brian K. , Wan Hui
Published: August 2021

The mechanism underlying thermal degradation of oriented strand board was tested under a humid environment. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric modeling was utilized to better understand the degradation of functional groups over time. The flexural properties, internal bond (IB), water absorption, and thickness swelling were tested after exposure to various times of 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks in a climate-controlled laboratory to 76.7°C and 60 percent relative humidity. The largest reduction in all flexural and physical properties occurred during the first 3 weeks of exposure and then leveled off thereafter, while IB decreased significantly through the 9-week period (α = 0.05). Chemometric models built from NIR spectra revealed pertinent chemical changes in wood chemistry and resin components.
Influence of Specimen Size on Accelerated Weathering of Laminated Veneer Lumber
Authors: Way Daniel , Kamke Frederick A. , Sinha Arijit
Published: August 2021

Moisture intrusion can be significantly higher along specimen edges, particularly at edges where longitudinal grain is exposed, which is referred to as the edge effect. The influence of edge effects on moisture durability are assumed to decrease as the edge area to total-surface-area ratio decreases. Moisture durability assessment of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is commonly evaluated using accelerated weathering (AW) and outdoor exposure methods, where small specimens are analyzed. The influence of specimen size (i.e., edge effect) on moisture durability evaluation of LVL was investigated in this study. To vary specimen size, three widths with constant length and thickness were evaluated. In addition, three AW methods were used to characterize how the method of inflicting degradation influenced edge effects. No consistent trends in mechanical property loss were found across AW methods, indicating that the influence of specimen size varied with AW method. The greatest influence of specimen size occurred when cyclic vacuum-soak-dry was included, where water absorption decreased significantly with increasing width, and three of four mechanical properties evaluated displayed an influence of specimen size. The smallest influence of specimen size occurred when a single soak-dry procedure was included, where only one of four mechanical properties evaluated displayed an influence of specimen size. Results from this study provide evidence that edge effects may occur during LVL moisture durability assessment but that the severity is dependent on AW conditions.
Analysis of Surface Finishing and Pressing Time in Wooden Pieces for the Use of Wood Waste in the Furniture Industry
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos Mario , Ángel Beatriz Elena , Silva Julia , Kiperstok Asher , Cunha Rita , César Sandro Fábio
Published: August 2021

This article analyzes the behavior of surface finish and pressing time in glued pieces of eucalyptus wood. The importance of the study lies in verifying the influence of two variables (surface finish and pressing time) on the gluing of wood pieces for the furniture industry over time. For this purpose, the quality of adhesion of Eucalyptus urograndis wood pieces with polyvinyl acetate adhesive and the behavior of the wood to shear in the glue line are evaluated. It was necessary to produce test specimens according to the ABNT-NBR 7190 standard; three different surface finishes were evaluated on the faces to be adhered and three different cold pressing times, a variable that has not been analyzed in previous studies. It was possible to determine the shear resistance in the glue line and also to observe the percentage of wood failure when performing the destructive test on the test specimen 1 year after being glued. The highest shear strength was obtained for test specimens without surface finish and with a pressing time of 24 hours. With the results obtained in this study, the optimal surface finish and pressing time to be used in the furniture industry is evidenced.
Chemical Characteristics of Heartwood and Sapwood of Red-Heart Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)
Authors: Li Yanfei , Deng Xiangwen , Zhang Yifei , Huang Yaqi , Wang Chenyang , Xiang Wenhua , Xiao Fuming , Wei Xiaocong
Published: August 2021

The chemical composition of wood is an important factor affecting the properties and utilization of wood. To compare the difference in chemical compositions between heartwood and sapwood of red-heart Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), three graded wood, dominant, average, and overtopped trees were selected from the Chenshan Forest Station of Anfu County in Jiangxi Province. Their chemical composition parameters were determined according to international standards. Our results indicate that sapwood contains on average a higher moisture content than that of heartwood, constituting 9.4 and 8.6 percent, respectively. The pH values of wood present acidic and are higher in sapwood. Cellulose is abundant in both wood tissues; the heartwood content (52.0%) is higher than that of sapwood (48.6%) on average. Furthermore, the lignin in heartwood is slightly less than that of sapwood. Hemicellulose content is similar in heartwood and sapwood (23.4% vs. 23.1%), on average. All kinds of extractives in heartwood are substantially richer. Approximately three times more benzene–ethanol extractives are in heartwood than sapwood. This suggests that there is a considerable variation of chemical constituents among the graded woods (P < 0.05). The pH values are both significantly correlated with the contents of the four extractives in heartwood and sapwood (P < 0.05). The longitudinal variation of chemical compositions is different along the direction of tree height in heartwood and sapwood. Understanding the chemical heterogeneity of wood is vital for wood product manufacturing as well as for wood property improvement.