bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum Multilayer-Graphene-Montmorillonite Composites From Sugar for Thermosolar Coatings Formulations
Authors: Micó-Vicent Bàrbara , López María , Bello Azucena , Martínez Noelia , Martínez-Verdú Francisco
Published: January 2017

Solar thermal coatings are designed to achieve the highest incident solar flux into the receiver of a tower solar plant. These materials are subjected to extreme working conditions of temperature and solar concentrated radiation. Much effort is being made to develop a durable and high absorptive coating that can provide an excellent solar to heat conversion efficiency. Complex deposition techniques (PVD, CVD, electrodeposition, etc.) are developed and tested to achieve solar selectivity. High solar absorptance paints are an alternative technique, that is, easy to apply and implement in the field. In paint, pigments are the compound that provides high absorptance values, whose stability impacts the durability of optical properties. The search for new selective solar pigments for solar receivers is a promising route to improve the efficiency of this technology. In this work, novel nanocomposites were synthesized from low-cost organic materials such as table sugar. Promising results were obtained when intercalated and calcined in the laminar structure of montmorillonite, a type of smectite clay. The pigments were tested in a paint format on metallic coupons at different temperatures to obtain absorptivities above 96% of absorptance after 24 h at 700  °C. Further experiments are still needed to obtain optimum conditions to maximize the coating's absorptivity and durability at high temperature.
Experimental Investigation of Sand Jets Passing Through Immiscible Fluids
Authors: Mohammadidinani Niyousha , Azimi Amir H. , Elyasi Siamak
Published: January 2017

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of sand jets passing through two immiscible fluids. Different oil layer thicknesses, nozzle diameters, and sand masses were employed. Evolution of oily sand jets with time was investigated using image processing and boundary visualization techniques. Different shapes of the frontal head and trailing wave section were observed and cloud formation was classified into different categories based on Reynolds number, normalized oil layer thickness, and evolution time. It was found that the effect of Reynolds number on evolution of oily sand jets was more significant than the other parameters. Width and frontal velocity of oily sand jets were measured at different times. It was observed that oily sand jets became unstable after a distance of ten times larger than the nozzle diameter. Instability of oily sand jets caused intense spreading with a spreading rate of 0.4. The thin layer of oil encapsulated sand cluster was ruptured due to excess shear stress and caused bursting of the frontal head into a cloud of sand particles. Three different bursting mechanisms were observed and a correlation was found between the densimetric Froude number and the normalized bursting time. Data mining and boundary visualization techniques were used to model oily sand jets. Model trees were developed to classify and predict the growth of oily sand jets at different conditions. Modeling results indicated that the Model tree can predict the growth of sand jets with an uncertainty of ±8.2%, ±6.8%, and ±8.7% for width, velocity, and distance, respectively.
A Generalized Approach for Reconstructing the Three-Dimensional Shape of Slender Structures Including the Effects of Curvature, Shear, Torsion, and Elongation
Authors: Chadha Mayank , Todd Michael D.
Published: January 2017

This paper extends the approach for determining the three-dimensional global displaced shape of slender structures from a limited set of scalar surface strain measurements. It is an exhaustive approach that captures the effect of curvature, shear, torsion, and elongation. The theory developed provides both a determination of the uniaxial strain (in a given direction) anywhere in the structure and the deformed shape, given a set of strain values. The approach utilizes Cosserat rod theory and exploits a localized linearization approach that helps to obtain a local basis function set for the displacement solution in the Cosserat frame. For the assumed deformed shape (both the midcurve and the cross-sectional orientation), the uniaxial value of strain in any given direction is obtained analytically, and this strain model is the basis used to predict the shape via an approximate local linearized solution strategy. Error analysis due to noise in measured strain values and in uncertainty in the proximal boundary condition is performed showing uniform convergence with increased sensor count.
Optimizing Design Teams Based on Problem Properties: Computational Team Simulations and an Applied Empirical Test
Authors: McComb Christopher , Cagan Jonathan , Kotovsky Kenneth
Published: January 2017

The performance of a team with the right characteristics can exceed the mere sum of the constituent members' individual efforts. However, a team having the wrong characteristics may perform more poorly than the sum of its individuals. Therefore, it is vital that teams are assembled and managed properly in order to maximize performance. This work examines how the properties of configuration design problems can be leveraged to select the best values for team characteristics (specifically team size and interaction frequency). A computational model of design teams which has been shown to effectively emulate human team behavior is employed to pinpoint optimized team characteristics for solving a variety of configuration design problems. These configuration design problems are characterized with respect to the local and global structure of the design space, the alignment between objectives, and the resources allotted for solving the problem. Regression analysis is then used to create equations for predicting optimized values for team characteristics based on problem properties. These equations achieve moderate to high accuracy, making it possible to design teams based on those problem properties. Further analysis reveals hypotheses about how the problem properties can influence a team's search for solutions. This work also conducts a cognitive study on a different problem to test the predictive equations. For a configuration problem of moderate size, the model predicts that zero interaction between team members should lead to the best outcome. A cognitive study of human teams verifies this surprising prediction, offering partial validation of the predictive theory.
General Dynamic Algorithm for Floating Base Tree Structure Robots With Flexible Joints and Links
Authors: Khalil Wisama , Boyer Frederic , Morsli Ferhat
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a general algorithm for solving the dynamic of tree structure robots with rigid and flexible links, active and passive joints, and with a fixed or floating base. The algorithm encompasses in a unified approach both the inverse and direct dynamics. It addresses also the hybrid case where each active joint is considered with known joint torque as in the direct dynamic case, or with known joint acceleration as in the inverse dynamic case. To achieve this goal, we propose an efficient recursive approach based on the generalized Newton–Euler equations of flexible tree-structure systems. This new general hybrid algorithm is easy to program either numerically or using efficient customized symbolic techniques. It is of great interest for studying floating base systems with soft appendages as those currently investigated in soft bio-inspired robotics or when a robotic system has to modify its structure for some particular tasks, such as transforming an active joint into a compliant flexible one, or modifying a task with a floating base into one with fixed base.
Thermal Contact Resistance Measurements of Compressed PEFC Gas Diffusion Media
Authors: Hollinger Adam S. , Thynell Stefan T.
Published: January 2017

Localized temperature gradients in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are known to decrease the durability of the polymer membrane. The most important factor in controlling these temperature gradients is the thermal contact resistance at the interface of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the bipolar plate. Here, we present thermal contact resistance measurements of carbon paper and carbon cloth GDLs over a pressure range of 0.7–14.5 MPa. Contact resistances are highly dependent upon the clamping pressure applied to a fuel cell, and in the present work, contact resistances vary from 3.5 × 10−4 to 2.0 × 10−5 m2 K/W, decreasing nonlinearly over the pressure range for each material tested. The contact resistances of carbon cloth GDLs are two to four times higher than contact resistances of carbon paper GDLs throughout the range of pressures tested. The data presented here also show that the thermal resistance of the sample is negligible in comparison to the thermal contact resistance. Controlling temperature gradients in a fuel cell is desirable, and the measurements presented here can be used to more accurately predict temperature distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
Effects of Nanoparticle Shape on Slot-Jet Impingement Cooling of a Corrugated Surface With Nanofluids
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Öztop Hakan F.
Published: January 2017

Numerical study of jet impingement cooling of a corrugated surface with water–SiO2 nanofluid of different nanoparticle shapes was performed. The bottom wall is corrugated and kept at constant surface temperature, while the jet emerges from a rectangular slot with cold uniform temperature. The finite volume method is utilized to solve the governing equations. The effects of Reynolds number (between 100 and 500), corrugation amplitude (between 0 and 0.3), corrugation frequency (between 0 and 20), nanoparticle volume fraction (between 0 and 0.04), and nanoparticle shapes (spherical, blade, brick, and cylindrical) on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were studied. Stagnation point and average Nusselt number enhance with Reynolds number and solid particle volume fraction for both flat and corrugated surface configurations. An optimal value for the corrugation amplitude and frequency was found to maximize the average heat transfer at the highest value of Reynolds number. Among various nanoparticle shapes, cylindrical ones perform the best heat transfer characteristics in terms of stagnation and average Nusselt number values. At the highest solid volume concentration of the nanoparticles, heat transfer values are higher for a corrugated surface when compared to a flat surface case.
Flux of methane release and carbon dioxide sequestration at Winterhouse Canyon, Gros Morne, Newfoundland, Canada: a site of continental serpentinization
Authors: Morrissey Liam S. , Morrill Penny L.
Published: January 2017

We measured CO2, CH4, and N2O gas fluxes from a pool of ultra-basic water discharging from serpentinized rock in Winterhouse Canyon, Gros Morne, Newfoundland. The flux of CH4 released and CO2 sequestered were calculated to be 4.6 × 10−7 and 1.9 × 10−5 mol/(m2·min), respectively, whereas N2O concentrations showed little change. The net radiative forcing owing to the changing concentrations of CO2 and CH4 during the sampling period was –0.21, suggesting that the ultra-basic pool in Winterhouse Canyon has a net cooling effect on the atmosphere. Similarly, the net global warming potential over a time horizon of 100 years was –7, also suggesting a small cooling of the atmosphere. Overall this study was the first to consider the impact of CO2 sequestration and CH4 emissions from an ultra-basic pool above serpentinized rock and demonstrated the need for more research on the net global impacts of serpentinization.
Spatiotemporal variation in size-structured populations using fishery data: an application to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kai Mikihiko , Thorson James T. , Piner Kevin R. , Maunder Mark N.
Published: January 2017

We develop a length-disaggregated, spatiotemporal, delta-generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and apply the method to fishery-dependent catch rates of shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the North Pacific. The spatiotemporal model may provide an improvement over conventional time-series and spatially stratified models by yielding more precise and biologically interpretable estimates of abundance. Including length data may provide additional information to better understand life history and habitat partitioning for marine species. Nominal catch rates were standardized using a GLMM framework with spatiotemporal and length composition data. The best-fitting model showed that most hotspots for “immature” shortfin mako occurred in the coastal waters of Japan, while hotspots for “subadult and adult” occurred in the offshore or coastal waters of Japan. We also found that size-specific catch rates provide an indication that there has been a recent increasing trend in stock abundance since 2008.
Influence of magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites on magnetic and electric losses at lower frequency
Authors: Chaitanya Varma M. , Bharadwaj S. , Choudary G. S. V. R. K. , Murthy K. S. R. , Rao K. H.
Published: January 2017

Ni[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]Fe2O4 ([Formula: see text]) with lower compositions of magnesium were synthesized by the sol–gel method and sintered at 1080[Formula: see text]C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest the single phase nature of the spinel-type ferrite and increase in lattice parameter for increasing magnesium content. Surface morphology reveals that grain size increases with increasing magnesium concentration. Magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites showed influence on the interatomic distance for tetrahedral A sites and octahedral B sites calculated using the standard formula. Conductivity along with dielectric measurements gives additional information on the transport mechanism for magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites calculated at lower frequencies. Both magnetic loss and dielectric loss were investigated at lower frequency to understand the losses associated with domain wall contribution for magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites.
A Novel Distributed Recommendation Framework Using Big Data in Social Context
Authors: Xu Gaochao , Ding Yan , Jiang Yuqiang , Hu Ming , Zhao Jia
Published: January 2017

Recently big data have become a research hotspot and been successfully exploited in a few applications such as data mining and business modeling. Although big data contain a plenty of treasures for all the fields of computer science, it is very difficult for the current computing paradigms and computer hardware to efficiently process and utilize big data to attain what are looked forward to. In this work, we explore the possibility of employing big data in recommendation systems. We have proposed a simple recommendation system framework BDRSF (Big Data Recommendation System Framework), which is based on big data with social context theories and has abilities in obtaining the Recommender based on the idea of supervised learning through big data training. Its main idea can be divided into three parts: (1) reduce the scale of the current recommendation problems according to the essence of recommending; (2) design a rational Recommender and propose a novel supervised learning algorithm to get it; (3) utilize the Recommender to deal with the later recommendation problems. Experimental results show that BDRSF outperforms conventional recommendation systems, which clearly indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of big data with social context in personalized recommendation.
CCCIIs-Based First-Order All-Pass Filter and Quadrature Oscillators
Authors: Thitimahatthanagusol Phatsagul , Saetiaw Charinsak , Thosdeekoraphat Thanaset , Thongsopa Chanchai , Summart Saksit
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces a current-mode first-order all-pass filter (APF) and its application in quadrature oscillator (QO) based on CCCII. The proposed filter can provide inverting and noninverting all-pass functions with a same circuit topology, it uses two CCCIIs and one grounded capacitor. Moreover, the first-order all-pass filter was applied in current-mode sinusoidal quadrature oscillators with the design based on block diagrams. The introduced oscillators can provide four phase-quadrature signals which independently control the condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO). The proposed oscillators consist of three CCCIIs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed APF and QOs have high output impedance which can directly drive load without additional current buffer. In addition, they use only grounded capacitors which are very appropriate to future development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program correspond to the theoretical analysis.
A WITHIN HOST MODEL OF BLOOD STAGE MALARIA WITH TREATMENT
Authors: MARIJANI THERESIA , LUNGU EDWARD
Published: January 2017

We consider a mathematical model for malaria involving, susceptible red blood cells (RBCs), latent infected red blood cells (RBCs), active IRBCs, intracellular parasites, extracellular parasites and effector cells. We extend the model to include effect of treatment on the prognosis of malaria. One of the questions addressed in our study is: what range of the parameter, [Formula: see text] which denotes the number of intracellular parasites released from a naturally dying activated infected red blood cell can lead to malaria pathogenesis? Sensitivity analysis revealed that poor parametric estimation can lead to wrong disease prognosis, and consequently to over or under-prescription of treatment drugs. In malaria endemic areas where the parasite is developing resistance to the drugs, this can limit options of treatment drugs. We recommend that the administration of malaria treatment drugs should be done under supervision as is the case for TB to ensure complete adherence to treatment and reduce the emergence of malaria drug resistant strains. Secondly, we recommend that individuals with malaria or showing symptoms of the disease should be tested for other chronic infections which could complicate the treatment of malaria.
Lineark-Arboricity in Product Networks
Authors: MAO YAPING , GUO ZHIWEI , JIA NAN , LI HE
Published: January 2017

A linear k-forest is a forest whose components are paths of length at most k. The linear k-arboricity of a graph G, denoted bylak(G), is the least number of linear k-forests needed to decompose G. Recently, Zuo, He, and Xue studied the exact values of the linear(n−1)-arboricity of Cartesian products of various combinations of complete graphs, cycles, complete multipartite graphs. In this paper, for general k we show thatmax{lak(G),lal(H)}≤lamax{k,l}(G□H)≤lak(G)+lal(H)for any two graphs G and H. Denote byG∘H, G×HandG⊠Hthe lexicographic product, direct product and strong product of two graphs G and H, respectively. For any two graphs G and H, we also derive upper and lower bounds oflak(G∘H),lak(G×H)andlak(G⊠H)in this paper. The linear k-arboricity of a 2-dimensional grid graph, a r-dimensional mesh, a r-dimensional torus, a r-dimensional generalized hypercube and a hyper Petersen network are also studied.
Improved Precise Fault Diagnosis Algorithm for Hypercube-Like Systems Based on the Comparison Diagnosis Model
Authors: YE TAI-LING , CHENG DUN-WEI , HSIEH SUN-YUAN
Published: January 2017

Multiprocessor systems are being increasingly adopted and the system reliability is an important perspective for multiprocessor systems. The fault diagnosis has become crucial for achieving high reliability in multiprocessor systems. The precise fault diagnosis diagnoses all processors correctly. In the comparison-based model, it allows a processor to perform diagnosis by contrasting the responses from a pair of neighboring processors through sending the identical assignment. On the basis of comparison-based model, Sengupta and Dahbura (“On self-diagnosable multiprocessor systems: diagnosis by the comparison approach,” IEEE Transaction on Computers, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1386–1396, 1992) put forward the MM* model, any processor c diagnoses two processors c1 and c2 if c has direct communication links to them. Sengupta and Dahbura also designed an O(N5)-time precise fault diagnosis algorithm to diagnose faulty processors for general topologies by using the MM* model, where N is the cardinality of processor set in multiprocessor systems. Lately, Ye and Hsieh (“A scalable comparison-based diagnosis algorithm for hypercube-like net-works,” IEEE Transaction on Reliability, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 789–799, 2013) devised an precise fault diagnosis algorithm to diagnose all faulty processors for hypercube-like networks by using the MM* model with O(N(log2N)2) time complexity. On the basis of Hamiltonian cycle properties, we improve the aforementioned results by presenting an O(N)-time precise fault diagnosis algorithm to diagnose all faulty processors for hypercube-like networks by using the MM* model.
Prediction of Changes in Modal Properties of the Euler–Bernoulli Beam Structures Due to the Modification of Its Spatial Properties
Authors: Naď Milan , Rolník Ladislav , Čičmancová Lenka
Published: January 2017

The beams can be considered as fundamental structural elements applied in many technical structures and equipment. In the operating regimes, these beam structures are very often loaded by the time-dependent forces which cause their undesirable dynamical behavior and the whole system is getting into critical resonant state. It is clear that the reduction of the level of unwanted vibrations or prevention of their occurrence should be one of the important objectives in the design of machine equipment and structures. To achieve these aims, the knowledge of modal properties of beam structures in relation to their internal structure is necessary. The insertion of reinforcing core into a beam body is one of the possible techniques to achieve the required changes in modal properties (mode shapes, natural frequencies) of the beam structure. The dependency of the modal properties of structurally modified beam structure on the geometric parameters and material properties of the inserted reinforcing core is studied in this paper.
Analytical and Finite Element Buckling Solutions of Fixed–Fixed Anisotropic Laminated Composite Columns Under Axial Compression
Authors: Al-Masri Rund , Rasheed Hayder A.
Published: January 2017

A generalized analytical formula is developed to predict buckling of anisotropic laminated composite fixed–fixed thin columns by using the Rayleigh–Ritz displacement field approximation. Based on the generalized constitutive relationship, the effective extensional, coupling and flexural stiffness coefficients of the anisotropic layup are determined using dimensional reduction by static condensation of the 6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]6 composite stiffness matrix. The resulting explicit formula is expressed in terms of the flexural stiffness since the coupling and extensional stiffness coefficients drop out of the formulation for this boundary condition when following the standard Rayleigh–Ritz formulation steps. This formula is similar to the Euler buckling formula in which the flexural rigidity is expressed in terms of the flexural stiffness coefficient of laminated composites. Motivated by reducing some of the discrepancy with the finite element results, the pre-buckling solution was substituted into the bifurcation expression to yield an updated formula that includes the coupling and extensional stiffness coefficients. The analytical results are verified against finite element Eigen value solutions for a wide range of anisotropic laminated layups yielding high accuracy. A parametric study is then conducted to examine the effect of ply orientation and material properties including hybrid carbon/glass fiber composites. Relevance of the numerical and analytical results is discussed for all these cases. In addition, comparisons with an earlier buckling solution for cross-ply laminated columns are made.
Computing history beyond the U.K. and U.S.
Authors: Bruderer Herbert
Published: January 2017

It is past time to acknowledge 400 years of European computational innovation from non-English-speaking scientists and engineers.
Parametrised Complexity of Satisfiability in Temporal Logic
Authors: Lück Martin , Meier Arne , Schindler Irena
Published: January 2017

We apply the concept of formula treewidth and pathwidth to computation tree logic, linear temporal logic, and the full branching time logic. Several representations of formulas as graphlike structures are discussed, and corresponding notions of treewidth and pathwidth are introduced. As an application for such structures, we present a classification in terms of parametrised complexity of the satisfiability problem, where we make use of Courcelle’s famous theorem for recognition of certain classes of structures. Our classification shows a dichotomy between W[1]-hard and fixed-parameter tractable operator fragments almost independently of the chosen graph representation. The only fragments that are proven to be fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) are those that are restricted to the X operator. By investigating Boolean operator fragments in the sense of Post’s lattice, we achieve the same complexity as in the unrestricted case if the set of available Boolean functions can express the function “negation of the implication.” Conversely, we show containment in FPT for almost all other clones.
Secure quantum communications
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: January 2017

Data locking experiments provide stepping stones to a possible future in quantum cryptography.
Fostering creativity through computing
Authors: Yadav Aman , Cooper Steve
Published: January 2017

How creative thinking tools and computing can be used to support creative human endeavors.
ITiCSE 2016 report
Authors: Clear Alison , Cuadros-Vargas Ernesto
Published: January 2017

Many details from this year's unique ITiCSE stand out including the Santa Catalina Monastery, the main colonial monument of the city built in the 16th century. It was the venue for the mid-winter outdoor conference dinner and the coach tour of the surrounding countryside, to name some of these details. The most important, though, was our research work: ITiCSE is truly an international conference, with submissions and presentations from a wide variety of countries: the first authors of the 54 papers were from over 22 different countries on six continents. ITiCSE also has a long tradition with its working groups and there were seven again this year.
ICER 2017 preview
Authors: Tenenberg Josh , Chinn Donald , Sheard Judy , Malmi Lauri
Published: January 2017

You are warmly invited to the thirteenth annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference, which will be held in Tacoma, WA USA,August 18-20, 2017. ICER provides a forum for presenting and publishing high-quality research in computing education. At ICER 2017 we will continue the traditional ICER single-track format, which is designed to encourage authors and audience to engage in lively discussion about each work presented.
Novel Concepts of Bipolar Fuzzy BCK-Submodules
Authors: Alghamdi M. A. , Muthana N. M. , Alshehri N. O.
Published: January 2017

Translations and multiplications of bipolar fuzzy BCK-submodules are discussed. Extensions of bipolar fuzzy BCK-submodules are introduced. Relations between translations and multiplications of bipolar fuzzy BCK-submodules are presented.
Replaceable Jejunal Feeding Tubes in Severely Ill Children
Authors: Pang Tabea , Sesia Sergio B. , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Mayr Johannes
Published: January 2017

Long-term enteral nutrition in chronically ill, malnourished children represents a clinical challenge if adequate feeding via nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes fails. We evaluated the usefulness and complications of a new type of surgical jejunostomy that allows for easier positioning and replacement of the jejunal feeding tube in children. We surgically inserted replaceable jejunal feeding tubes (RJFT) connected to a guide thread which exited through a separate tiny opening of the abdominal wall. In a retrospective case series, we assessed the effectiveness and complications of this technique in severely ill children suffering from malnutrition and complex disorders. Three surgical complications occurred, and these were addressed by reoperation. Four children died from their severe chronic disorders within the study period. The RJFT permitted continuous enteral feeding and facilitated easy replacement of the tube. After the postoperative period, jejunal feeding by RJFT resulted in adequate weight gain. This feeding access represents an option for children in whom sufficient enteral nutrition by nasogastric tubes or gastrostomy proved impossible. Further studies are required to investigate the safety and effectiveness of this surgical technique in a larger case series.
The Biomineralization of a Bioactive Glass-Incorporated Light-Curable Pulp Capping Material Using Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Jun Soo-Kyung , Lee Jung-Hwan , Lee Hae-Hyoung
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the biomineralization of a newly introduced bioactive glass-incorporated light-curable pulp capping material using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The product (Bioactive® [BA]) was compared with a conventional calcium hydroxide-incorporated (Dycal [DC]) and a light-curable (Theracal® [TC]) counterpart. Eluates from set specimens were used for investigating the cytotoxicity and biomineralization ability, determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining (ARS). Cations and hydroxide ions in the extracts were measured. An hDPSC viability of less than 70% was observed with 50% diluted extract in all groups and with 25% diluted extract in the DC. Culturing with 12.5% diluted BA extract statistically lowered ALP activity and biomineralization compared to DC (p<0.05), but TC did not (p>0.05). Ca (~110 ppm) and hydroxide ions (pH 11) were only detected in DC and TC. Ionic supplement-added BA, which contained similar ion concentrations as TC, showed similar ARS mineralization compared to TC. In conclusion, the BA was similar to, yet more cytotoxic to hDPSCs than, its DC and TC. The BA was considered to stimulate biomineralization similar to DC and TC only when it released a similar amount of Ca and hydroxide ions.
The Application of Hemospray in Gastrointestinal Bleeding during Emergency Endoscopy
Authors: Hagel Alexander F. , Albrecht Heinz , Nägel Andreas , Vitali Francesco , Vetter Marcel , Dauth Christine , Neurath Markus F. , Raithel Martin
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding represents the main indication for emergency endoscopy (EE). Lately, several hemostatic powders have been released to facilitate EE.Methods. We evaluated all EE in which Hemospray was used as primary or salvage therapy, with regard to short- and long-term hemostasis and complications.Results. We conducted 677 EE in 474 patients (488 examinations in 344 patients were upper GI endoscopies). Hemospray was applied during 35 examinations in 27 patients (19 males), 33 during upper and 2 during lower endoscopy. It was used after previous treatment in 21 examinations (60%) and in 14 (40%) as salvage therapy. Short-term success was reached in 34 of 35 applications (97.1%), while long-term success occurred in 23 applications (65.7%). Similar long-term results were found after primary application (64,3%) or salvage therapy (66,7%). Rebleeding was found in malignant and extended ulcers. One major adverse event (2.8%) occurred with gastric perforation after Hemospray application.Discussion. Hemospray achieved short-term hemostasis in virtually all cases. The long-term effect is mainly determined by the type of bleeding source, but not whether it was applied as first line or salvage therapy. But, even in the failures, patients had benefit from hemodynamic stabilization and consecutive interventions in optimized conditions.
Systemic Identification ofHevea brasiliensisEST-SSR Markers and Primer Screening
Authors: Hou Benjun , Feng Suping , Wu Yaoting
Published: January 2017

This research aimed to systematically identify and preliminarily validate theHevea brasiliensisexpressed sequence tag (EST) information using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and provide evidence for further development of SSR molecular marker. The definition of general SSR features ofHeveaEST splicing sequences and development of SSR primers founded the basis of diversity analysis and variety identification forHeveatree resource. 1134 SSR loci were identified in the EST splicing sequence and distributed in 840 Unigene. The occurrence rate of SSR loci was 23.9%, and the average distribution distance of EST-SSR was 2.59 kb. The major repeat type was mononucleotide repeat motif, which accounted for 38.89%, while the corresponding value was 36.95% for dinucleotide repeat motif and 18.17% for trinucleotide repeat motif; the proportion of other motifs was only 5.99%. The superior repeat motifs for mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide were A/T, AG/CT, and AAG/CTT, respectively. 739 pair of primers were designed for 1134 SSR loci. PCR amplification was performed onHeveaReyan5-11, Reyan87-6-47, and PR107, and 180 pairs of primers were selected which were able to amplify polymorphism bands.
Plasma DNA Mediate Autonomic Dysfunctions and White Matter Injuries in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Meng-Hsiang , Chen Pei-Chin , Lu Cheng-Hsien , Chen Hsiu-Ling , Chao Yi-Ping , Li Shau-Hsuan , Chen Yi-Wen , Lin Wei-Che
Published: January 2017

Background. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is well known in Parkinson’s disease (PD) presentation and it produces hypoperfusion of vital organs. The association between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and oxidative stress was examined in previous animal models. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were thought to have roles in PD pathogenesis. Owing to the relative low intrinsic antioxidative properties, brain white matter (WM) is vulnerable to the oxidative stress. This study is conducted to examine possible relationships by using a hypothesis‐driven mediation model. Methods. Twenty‐nine patients with PD and 26 healthy controls participated in this study, with complete examinations of cardiac autonomic parameters, plasma DNA level, and WM integrity. A single‐level three‐variable mediation model was used to investigate the possible relationships. Results. The elevated serum oxidative stress biomarkers include plasma nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, and poorer cardiac autonomic parameters and multiple regional microstructural WM changes are demonstrated. Further mediation analysis shows that plasma nuclear DNA served as the mediators between poorer baroreflex sensitivity and mean diffusivity changes in cingulum. Conclusions. These results provide a possible pathophysiology for how the poor baroreflex sensitivity and higher oxidative stress adversely impacted the WM integrity. This model could provide us with a piece of the puzzle of the entire PD pathogenesis.
Transfection Studies with Colloidal Systems Containing Highly Purified Bipolar Tetraether Lipids fromSulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Engelhardt Konrad H. , Pinnapireddy Shashank Reddy , Baghdan Elias , Jedelská Jarmila , Bakowsky Udo
Published: January 2017

Lipid vectors are commonly used to facilitate the transfer of nucleic acids into mammalian cells. In this study, two fractions of tetraether lipids from the archaeaSulfolobus acidocaldariuswere extracted and purified using different methods. The purified lipid fractions polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) and hydrolysed glycerol-dialkyl-nonitol tetraether (hGDNT) differ in their structures, charge, size, and miscibility from conventional lipids. Liposomes were prepared by mixing tetraether lipids with cholesterol (CH) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) resulting in stable vectors for gene delivery. Lipoplexes were prepared by complexation of liposomes with a luciferase expressing plasmid (pCMV-luc) at certain nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratios and optimised for the transient transfection of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (SK-OV-3). Complexation efficacy was investigated by gel-red fluorescence assay. Biophysical properties, like size, surface charge, and morphology, were investigated by differential light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), respectively, revealing structural differences between liposomes and lipoplexes. A range of stable transfecting agents containing tetraether lipids were obtained by incorporating 5 mol% of tetraether lipids. Lipoplexes showed a decrease in free gel-red with increasing N/P ratios indicating efficient incorporation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and remarkable stability. Transfection experiments of the lipoplexes revealed successful and superior transfection of SK-OV-3 cell line compared to the commercially available DOTAP and branched polyethyleneimine (25 kDa bPEI).
Favorable Outcomes of Chinese HCV-Related Cirrhotic Patients with Sustained Virological Response after Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin Treatment
Authors: Zhang Geng-lin , Chen You-ming , Zhang Ting , Cai Qing-xian , Zhang Xiao-hong , Zhao Zhi-xing , Lin Chao-shuang , Gao Zhi-liang
Published: January 2017

Few studies have conducted follow-up investigations of the clinical course in HCV-related cirrhotic patients who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment (PegIFN + RBV). We investigated the clinical course and laboratory data in a prospective cohort study enrolling HCV-related cirrhotic patients who received PegIFN + RBV between August 2008 and July 2013 in China. Complete blood counts, liver function tests, and HCV-RNA were serially examined. Liver-related complications were recorded. To detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alpha-fetoprotein assays, and ultrasound scans were repeated at 6-month intervals. Twenty-five patients were enrolled, including 8 patients with decompensation events before treatment. Eighteen patients achieved SVR with a mean follow-up period of 25.78 months. During the follow-up period, only one patient exhibited HCV-RNA positivity and no decompensation events were detected, but 4 patients developed HCC after SVR. APRI decreased more in patients with SVR than in patients with non-SVR (median, −1.33 versus 0.86,P<0.001). The albumin levels and platelet counts significantly increased during the follow-up period after SVR (44.27±4.09versus42.63±4.37,P=0.037and173.89±87.36versus160.11±77.97,P=0.047). These data indicated that HCV-related cirrhotic patients with SVR after PegIFN + RBV may have a favorable clinical course and improvements in laboratory data. Moreover, HCC should be monitored.
Numerical Approach Based on Two-Dimensional Fractional-Order Legendre Functions for Solving Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Huang Qingxue , Zhao Fuqiang , Xie Jiaquan , Ma Lifeng , Wang Jianmei , Li Yugui
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a robust, effective, and accurate numerical approach is proposed to obtain the numerical solution of fractional differential equations. The principal characteristic of the approach is the new orthogonal functions based on shifted Legendre polynomials to the fractional calculus. Also the fractional differential operational matrix is driven. Then the matrix with the Tau method is utilized to transform this problem into a system of linear algebraic equations. By solving the linear algebraic equations, the numerical solution is obtained. The approach is tested via some examples. It is shown that the FLF yields better results. Finally, error analysis shows that the algorithm is convergent.
Study of the Effect of Centrifugal Force on Rotor Blade Icing Process
Authors: Wang Zhengzhi , Zhu Chunling
Published: January 2017

In view of the rotor icing problems, the influence of centrifugal force on rotor blade icing is investigated. A numerical simulation method of three-dimensional rotor blade icing is presented. Body-fitted grids around the rotor blade are generated using overlapping grid technology and rotor flow field characteristics are obtained by solving N-S equations. According to Eulerian two-phase flow, the droplet trajectories are calculated and droplet impingement characteristics are obtained. The mass and energy conservation equations of ice accretion model are established and a new calculation method of runback water mass based on shear stress and centrifugal force is proposed to simulate water flow and ice shape. The calculation results are compared with available experimental results in order to verify the correctness of the numerical simulation method. The influence of centrifugal force on rotor icing is calculated. The results show that the flow direction and distribution of liquid water on rotor surfaces change under the action of centrifugal force, which lead to the increasing of icing at the stagnation point and the decreasing of icing on both frozen limitations.
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation
Authors: Lee Joo-Hyun , Park Ji-Hyuk , Kim Yeong Jo , Lee Sang Heon , Post Marcel W. M. , Park Hae Yean
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (K-USER-P) in patients with stroke. Stroke patients participated in this study. The Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation was translated from English into Korean. A total of 120 questionnaires involving the K-USER-P were distributed to rehabilitation hospitals and centers by mail. Of those, 100 questionnaires were returned and 67 were included in the final analysis after exclusion of questionnaires with insufficient responses. We analyzed the questionnaires for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The results indicated that internal consistency coefficients of the frequency, restriction, and satisfaction domains were 0.69, 0.66, and 0.67, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 0.63, 0.45, and 0.71 for the three domains, respectively. Intercorrelations between the SF-12 and the London Handicap Scale were generally moderate to good. The Korean version of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation can be used as a measure of the participation level of stroke patients in clinical practice and the local community.
Bayesian Analysis for a Fractional Population Growth Model
Authors: Ariza-Hernandez Francisco J. , Sanchez-Ortiz Jorge , Arciga-Alejandre Martin P. , Vivas-Cruz Luis X.
Published: January 2017

We implement the Bayesian statistical inversion theory to obtain the solution for an inverse problem of growth data, using a fractional population growth model. We estimate the parameters in the model and we make a comparison between this model and an exponential one, based on an approximation of Bayes factor. A simulation study is carried out to show the performance of the estimators and the Bayes factor. Finally, we present a real data example to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed here and the pertinence of using a fractional model.
Hepatitis C Treatment in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Perspective
Authors: Jadoul Michel , Martin Paul
Published: January 2017

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a very common infection found among hemodialysis (HD) and kidney transplant patients. It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have much better efficacy (sustained viral response (SVR)) and tolerance than interferon-based regimens. Very recent studies extend this breakthrough finding to chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations. Summary: CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 ml/min/1.73 m2 can be treated with any licensed DAA regimen. In CKD stages 4-5 (mostly HD), the combination of grazoprevir (100 mg) and elbasvir (50 mg), a once-daily oral regimen active against genotypes 1 and 4, induced in a very recent RCT an SVR rate >95%, with tolerance similar to that of placebo. Case series suggest that other DAA regimens are also very effective and well tolerated in HD patients. In kidney transplant recipients, 2 case series have reported 100% SVR with good tolerance of sofosbuvir-based regimens. Importantly, there is a risk of drug-drug interaction of several DAAs including calcineurin inhibitors. Finally, the availability of HCV+ grafts may markedly shorten the waiting time for transplantation. Key Messages: (1) In patients with an eGFR >30, all licensed DAAs regimens can be used. (2) Cure of HCV appears at hand in CKD stages 4-5, including dialysis patients, and in kidney transplant recipients. (3) The choice of DAA regimen in CKD should be based on HCV genotype, viral load, eGFR, concomitant medications, transplant candidacy and comorbidities. (4) The timing of treatment in potential kidney transplantation candidates (before versus after transplantation) should be decided in collaboration with the transplant center. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=452730.
Pharmacists' Attitudes and Role in Diabetes Management in Kuwait
Authors: Al Haqan Asmaa A. , Al-Taweel Dalal M. , Awad Abdelmoneim , Wake Deborah Jane
Published: January 2017

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure pharmacists' attitudes toward management of diabetes, identify current levels of pharmacy service provided to patients with diabetes, and identify barriers for further provision of diabetes-related services. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 198 pharmacists working in primary and secondary health care settings in one health region of Kuwait using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and comparative analysis were performed. Results: The response rate was 84.4% (n = 168). Respondents had overall positive attitudes toward management of diabetes. Pharmacists regularly provided their patients with counseling on the appropriate time to administer their medications; however, services related to hypoglycemia and management of comorbid diseases were rarely provided. A negative correlation was found between the positive overall diabetes-related attitudes and pharmacists' involvement in providing the following diabetes-related services: glucose monitoring (r = -0.25, p = 0.001), comorbid disease management (r = -0.243, p = 0.001), and healthy living choices (r = -0.237, p = 0.002). The perception that some physicians and patients have of pharmacists as dispensers only was identified as the most important barrier to providing diabetes-related services. Conclusion: Pharmacists have positive diabetes-related attitudes; however, they provide limited diabetes-related services to their patients. Barriers to provision of pharmacy services to patients with diabetes should be addressed to enable optimum patient care delivery.
Enterprise network with software Asterisk PBX based on the PLC technology
Authors: Maar Michal , Sitarova Julia , Orgon Milos
Published: January 2017

This article presents the software Asterisk PBX solution design in enterprise PLC network (Power Line Communication). The description of the installation and configuration of software Asterisk PBX is involved in the design. The secure interconnection of two enterprise PLC network is implemented via the telecommunication tunnel with security grant using the Cisco routers. The connection between two Asterisk PBXs is designed in context of the establishment of the tunnel. The subject of the article is also cross/connection of exchanges Asterisk PBX and hardware PBX - IP Panasonic PBX K-NS500.