bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kişisel Bakım ve Kozmetik Ürünleri İçin Ulusal Çevre Etiketi Kriterleri Geliştirilmesi ve Değer Zincirinde Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Cılız Nilgün Kıran , Uzun Merve , Değirmen Cennet , Kalıpçıoğlu Ceyda , Birpınar Mehmet Emin , Ecer Mehrali , Moralı Eyüp Kaan , Atay Serkan , Ulutaş Ömer , Aki Zeynep , Dağ Kemal , Kesimal Yahya
Published: May 2022

In parallel with the increase of environmental awareness, consumers have begun to look for more environmentally friendly products, which creates a need for companies to prove the green nature of their products. One of the industries which cause negative environmental impacts throughout the supply chain is the personal care and cosmetic products industry; for this reason, the development of national ecolabelling criteria for the certain groups of personal care and cosmetic products (bar soap, liquid soap, shampoo, hair conditioner, shower gel, hand and body cream, shaving soap and shaving foam), which include all that are consumed and produced in Turkey, has been considered necessary. Within this framework, the sector’s approach to environmentally friendly products and ecolabel was evaluated by applying life cycle assessment (LCA) as the decision-making mechanism. On the other hand, the internationally recognized ecolabel standards are preferred by the countries with high import and export capacity. As a result of LCA studies, national environmental label criteria have been developed inclusively for personal care and cosmetic products that can be both rinse-off and leave-on. It has been achieved that the environmental and socio-economic aspects of the products are evaluated based on the sustainable production and consumption principles. It is expected that the adoption of Turkey Ecolabel System, which has a voluntary basis, will increase the market shares of products and the competitive capacities of the companies besides the environmental benefits.
Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) ve Yol Açtığı Pandeminin Çöp Atma Alışkanlıklarına Etkileri Üzerine Değerlendirme
Authors: Cicerali Ensari , Kalıpçıoğlu Ceyda , Erdoğan Zeynep , Uzun Merve , Cılız Nilgün Kıran , Değirmen Cennet , Baltaş Zuhal
Published: May 2022

New Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its pandemic, like many aspects of dayto-day life, has transformed our consumption and waste behavior globally, hence caused deterioration in waste management systems and their implementations. While increasing consumption of familiar products, the pandemic also resulted in introduction of new products such as protective masks into our daily life, thus significantly increased the amount of waste produced. Changes in existing waste practices and disposing of new above mentioned waste materials caused disruptions in waste management systems throughout the World, threatening the planet with even more pollution. To develop effective new solutions and system improvements, the behavioral patterns should be well analyzed and understood both in terms of environmental and behavioral sciences. This new situation is likely to be permanent and requires integrated waste management principles developed by people working in both areas.
Thermodynamic Concepts and Methods
Authors: Dinçer İbrahim
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, two key subjects of thermodynamics, such as energy and exergy, and their related concepts are introduced and discussed. Also, a close relationship between energy and thermodynamics is provided in a historical perspective, and the thermodynamic systems and definitions are discussed. Various states and state conditions for different cases are presented to better illustrate the system design and analysis aspects. Furthermore, some examples are presented to cover various of forms of energy, namely light, fuels, biomass, nuclear, wind, geothermal and hydro.
History of Energy
Authors: Yıldız İlhami
Published: May 2022

Mankind has quickly established himself as the dominant species on Earth. A lot of this development can be attributed to his ability to use and control energy. This paper examines man’s unique approach to developing and implementing energy in creative ways throughout history. From the earliest uses of fire to the steam engine to massive fossil fuel dependence and the beginning of the major shift toward renewable energy sources man has continually adapted to his situation whether through desire or necessity.
Fossil Fuels
Authors: Sarı Ali
Published: May 2022

Fossil fuels are protected from rapid degradation and extinction as a result of phytoplankton and zooplankton living in seas and lakes and terrestrial plant residues accumulating in H2S-rich, oxygen-free environments, rapidly covering them with sediments and sinking into the ground. These organic-origin residues begin to decompose and be transformed by first aerobic bacteria at shallow depths and then anaerobic bacteria that use oxygen to a minimum. As a result, organic residues remain underground for millions of years and undergo various chemical and biochemical transformations and turn into fossil energy sources. Fossil fuels can be divided into two main groups as conventional (petroleum, coal, and natural gas) and non-conventional (bituminous shale, asphalt, asphaltite, gas hydrate, shale/rock gas, and coal gases). Although fossil fuels have many disadvantages, such as air pollution, it is thought that their importance will continue in the next 50 years. For example, according to the international energy Agency (IEA) data, the share of fossil fuels, which constitute 81% of the world’s primary energy resources, in 2040 will decrease to 79% if current energy policies are continued. According to recent projections of IEA, in2040, the share of coal in the primary energy demand will be 28.6% with the continuation of the current energy policies. Although there are significant differences in oil and natural gas share in 2040, it is estimated that the share of oil will be 27%, and the share of natural gas will be 24%. Again, expectations show that the share of nuclear energy in energy resources will increase. While the share of nuclear energy in primary energy resources is 4.8%in the current situation, it is expected to increase to 5.3% in 2040 according to the current energy policies and the continuation scenario. It is predicted that the share of renewable energy sources in 2040 will be 12.8%. The amount of energy used for electricity generation is expected to increase by 70%, with an annual average of 2%, until 2040, which corresponds to 42% of the global primary energy growth rate. An increase of 81% is predicted in the primary energy consumption used in industry; this ratio accounts for 50% of the world’s primary energy growth rate. Population growth, urban development, and industrialization can be cited as the reasons for increasingworld primary energy resource consumption.
Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Dinçer İbrahim
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the primary roles of solar, geothermal, wind, hydro, ocean and biomass energies in combating environmental challenges. The energy sources are treated particularly in the forms of thermal and electrical. The chapter also covers the fundamental aspects, technological dimensions, operational details,examples and practical applications of renewable energy systems. The performances of such systems are evaluated through energy and exergy approaches. The renewable energy systems are also evaluated from various technical, environmental and sustainability perspectives. Furthermore, a case study is presented for an integrated multigenerational energy system to specifically study its design, operational conditions and performance criteria.
Nuclear Energy and Its Role in Daily Life
Authors: Yılmaz Ahmet Hakan
Published: May 2022

The history of nuclear energy is the story of the centuries-old dream of humankind. The ancient philosophers first developed the idea that all matter is composed of particles called the atom, which means indivisible. At the end of the 19th century, scientists experimented to discover radioactivity and X-rays. In the 1900s, physicists learned that the atom contained a huge amount of energy. Nuclear energy has attracted the attention of all segments of society in the process that started with this process and continued with the disintegration of the atom in 1934. Naturally, nuclear studies, which first started for military purposes, have become an integral part of our lives at every stage from energy to medical applications, from smoke detectors to sterilization of foods, from semiconductor technology to archaeological age determination. In this chapter, we will give the description of the relationships and definitions the nuclear structure, nuclear radiation, alpha, beta particles and neutrons, gamma rays, and correlations and definitions of radioactivity. Then we explain fission and fusion. We will complete the chapter by giving nuclear energy and its applicationsin our daily lives.
Alternative Fuels
Authors: Alma M. Hakkı , Salan Tufan
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, a wide range of value-added fine chemicals, alternative biofuels and eco-friendly polymeric materials can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass sources via thermochemical, biological or catalytic routes in the biorefinery. For the sustainable production of biofuels, abundant, easy accessible and renewable biomass-based feedstock has an important key role to replace petroleum oil in the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for the transportation sector with a zero carbon footprint. The biofuel can be defined as the solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels which are predominantly obtained from these biomass based raw materials. However, thepre-treatment, production and purification processes differ greatly based on the feedstock type, used technology and desired fuel type. Thus, to eliminate the contradiction in terms, biofuels are classified from first to fourth generation at the present time. This chapter review the several liquid biofuel type along with production methods, technologies and feedstock types based on that generation classification.
Waste-to-Energy (WtE)
Authors: Alma M. Hakkı , Salan Tufan
Published: May 2022

Waste is an inevitable product of society and one of the biggest challenges for future generations will be how to manage large quantities of waste in a sustainable way. The main approaches are to reduce the amount of waste produced and to obtain a great amount waste recycling. However, there are considerable concerns about undesirable end products, and therefore appropriate solutions should be found in waste management. In this context,it was realized that waste is not only an undesirable product of society, but also a valuable energy source due to constantly rising energy demand in the sector. The energy obtained from the waste can enable the production of significant quantities of energy that can be included in energy lines to reduce the amount of non-recyclable andnon-reusable waste and to meet the needs of the consumer. Energy conversion from waste can be achieved using different technologies. Each of these methods has specific properties and may be more or less applicable depending on many parameters. In this section, different technologies used in energy production from the waste were tried to be explained.
Energy Conservation and Efficiency
Authors: Hepbaşlı Arif
Published: May 2022

Energy conservation and energy efficiency may relate to each other, but they have different meanings in the energy world. Energy conservation is associated with behaviors and habits to use less energy while energy efficiency involves using technology without compromising the quality and service to perform the same function. In this chapter, some terms used in energy management were given first. Next, various approaches to energy management were compared while energy management system standard was briefly explained. The energy planning process covering energy baselines, objectives, targets, indicators and action plans was then described. After that, a total of 25 energy-saving opportunities was presented. Finally, some energy-saving checklists were given in tabulated forms. It may be concluded that a systematic approach is needed to achieve energy efficiency. In this regard, establishing an energy management system standard at enterprises may help continually improve energy performance, which includes energy use, energy consumption, energy efficiencyand energy intensity.
Energy Storage
Authors: Kaygusuz Kamil , Ezan Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the importance, fundamental mechanisms and benefits of energy storage techniques and applications of the different storage methods are represented in detail. It is expected to make the energy ready to use whenever and wherever it is requested. Energy storage is defined as the accumulation of energy for further usage when the demand arises. Energy can be stored one of the following forms mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical or thermal. Energy storage is an advanced energy technology application that provides a significant potential for not only securing the reliability of the energy supply but also the operation of the energy transportation systems and their components more effectively, efficiently and economically. While underground storage of natural gas can provide the reliability of the energy supply, the storage of high-pressure hydrogen can help to put in practice new generation clean transportation options. The sensible and/or latent heat thermal energy storage applications are used to store the solar energy in space heating/cooling and hot water supply systems. The battery technology and electric to heat/heat to electric storage techniques are used to resolve the intermittency of the wind farms and maintain sustainable energy production. Supplying reliable energy to the end-users throughout the year is a complex mission that includes the management of the seasonal variations in energy supply, daily fluctuations in energy production and demand. On the other hand, it is critical to guarantee a continuous power supply without any interruption for industrial and household usage. That is the storage of energy has an essential and critical role in maintaining a balance between the demand and the supply.
Energy Materials and Energetic Materials
Authors: Üzer Ayşem , Can Ziya , Sağlam Şener , Durmazel Selen , Apak Mustafa Reşat
Published: May 2022

Energy materials include substances used for the production, conversion, storage and transmission of energy. Explosives as a part of ‘energetic materials’ are substances of which the internally stored huge chemical energy is liberated with a (self-sustaining) rapid and violent chemical reaction initiated with an outer stimulant; energetic materials include explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. Certain items such as natural fuels(fossil and synthetic fuels) burned in thermal power plants and motor vehicles, in conjunction with nuclear fuels (reacted in nuclear power plants) capable of emitting radioactive rays (alpha, beta and gamma rays)and undergoing nuclear fission or fusion reactions have been deliberately excluded from this review. Additionally, either metals conducting heat or electricity with a reasonable resistance or superconductor materials transmitting electricity with practically no resistance (i.e. without loss) do not take place in this work. Therefore, energy materials have been tailored to include batteries and accumulators, fuel cells, photovoltaic and optoelectronic materials, thermoelectric and piezoelectric materials, that basically convert and store chemical energy, radiation, heat and mechanical energy in the form of electrical energy (or vice versa). This review aims to discuss the definitions, backgrounds, working principles and applications of these systems to serve daily life. In addition to these, particular emphasis has been made on energetic materials, especially on explosives capable of liberating high amounts of heat and pressure in a rapid self-sustaining exothermic degradation reaction when appropriately stimulated.
Energy Policies and Strategies
Authors: Midilli Adnan
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this study is to develop a strategic energy system within the scope of energy policies, strategies and education and to set out the basic criteria for this energy system. In this context, a comprehensive study has been conducted and the followings have been discussed in detail, which are i) the main difficulties encountered in the field of energy, ii) the factors affecting energy resources, iii) the reasons affecting energy policies, iv) the conceptual framework of energy policies and strategies, v) the causes of inconsistencies in energy policies and strategies. In addition, the followings have been developed, including i) the conceptual design and conceptual analysis of strategic energy system and renewable hydrogen energy system, ii) the design requirements, the source interaction, the conceptual design characteristics of strategic energy system, iii) the interaction of conceptual parameters, and iv) the GeoPolyEnergetic stability steps of hydrogen energy system. Moreover, the Geo-PEaCES Approach has been developed to evaluate the strategic energy systems and a new conceptual indicator called “GeoPoliEnergetic Stability has been evolved. In this regard, a sustainable energy road map has been also developed. Accordingly, in order to develop and implement effective and efficient energy policies and strategies, it is important to take into consideration the criteria that energy policies and strategies should have.
Economics of Energy Systems
Authors: Kaygusuz Kamil
Published: May 2022

Energy is the capacity to do work and power is the rate of energy delivery. Energy is essential for most activities of modern society. Its use or consumption is generally taken as an index of standard of living. We use energy in the form of fire wood, fossil fuels and electricity to make life comfortable and convenient. At home, we use electricity for our lights and fans, air-conditioner, water heater and room heaters, oven, microwave, washing machine and drier etc. We use petrol, diesel, CNG for our cars, buses, autos etc. Large amount of energy is consumed in agriculture and industry. In offices we use energy to run air conditioners, fans, lights, computers, copying machines etc. Therefore energy engineering is very important branch of engineering for the society. This chapter gives an overview of economic tools related to energy systems. The differences between current and constant monetary amounts are first introduced, followed by two types of economic evaluation of energy projects, both with and without discounting of cash flows to take into account the time value of Money. The latter part of the chapter considers direct versus external costs, and ways in which governments at times intervene in energy related decision making in order to further social aims such as diversityof energy supply or a clean environment.
Energy, Environment and Sustainability
Authors: Arcaklıoğlu Erol , Özcan Hasan
Published: May 2022

Compensation of increasing population and technological developments requires overuse of natural resources and causes emissions in production processes that also cause global climate changes and warming as well as many natural disasters in all over the world. The deterioration in the ecosystem and atmosphere as well as decreased abundancy in our soil that feed us are main issues to be solved through the world. One way to overcome such issues is inevitably possible by creating a sustainable society, environment and development. Main source of environmental emissions and pollutants are due to use of fossil-based energy sources. Therefore, use of energy sources efficiently and transition to renewable-based energy use are two of main steps for a sustainable society and environment. This section defines environmentally hazardous pollutants and emissions and discusses options for transition to sustainability by providing suggestions for clean methods and tools for transition to a sustainable future.
Energy and Innovation
Authors: Şen Zekai
Published: May 2022

Among the development level criteria of a country energy is one of the main factors. Furthermore, today energy resources of a country through their use and consumptions in different sectors (energy, agriculture, industry, transportation, construction, waste, land use, etc.) affect supply and demand aspects within the triple chain of energy-economy-environment towards the necessary political, planning and projections. Classical knowledge and information on scientific and technological domains can be reached rather easily through the available literature. However, scientific and technological assessment and investigations at the energy resources, their conversion, transportation and consumption stages, by means of new scientific and technological innovations it is possible to provide more effective, better energy intensity benefits and efficient energy investments and commercialization. In the text detailed information has been given about the historical development of energy development, contributions by Muslims, innovation in sectoral consumption and recommendations for future expectations. In this article various views, thoughts and advices are provided concerning these points.
Effect of Substrate-to-Inoculum Ratio and Temperatures During the Start-up of Anaerobic Digestion of Fish Waste
Authors: Yulisa Arma , Chairattanawat Chayanee , Park Sang Hyeok , Jannat Md Abu Hanifa , Hwang Seokhwan
Published: May 2022

The high protein and lipid content of fish waste makes mono-digestion a difficult bioprocess for an anaerobic digestion (AD) system. On the other hand, the massive increase in fish and seafood consumption worldwide has led to an inevitable fish waste mono-AD. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratios and temperatures during the start-up period of fish waste mono-digestion. F/M ratios of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 on a g-COD/g-VSS basis were operated at 35°C and 45°C, representing mesophilic and hyper-mesophilic conditions, respectively. The increase in F/M ratio improved the maximum methane (CH4) production rate at both temperatures. However, F/M ratio of 0.5 generated the highest CH4 yield in mesophilic and hyper-mesophilic conditions (0.23±0.00 L-CH4/g-CODinput). Further increase in F/M ratio decreased CH4 yield up to 21.74% and 39.13% when the reactors were operated at 35°C and 45°C, respectively. When reactors were supplied with FM ratios of 0.5, 1, and 2, hyper-mesophilic temperature improved methanogenesis by up to 2.61% and shortened the lag phase by 22.88%. Meanwhile, F/M ratio 3 at 45°C decreased cumulative CH4 production by up to 26.57% and prolonged the lag phase by 10.19%. The result of this study is beneficial to managing the input substrate of a batch-AD system that treats fish waste as a sole substrate.
Obesidad y estrés mental en estudiantes universitarios de primer semestre
Authors: Favela Ramírez Carlos Artemio , Oloño Meza Joel , VALDEZ ROSAS NILDA ALEJANDRA , Chan Barocio Nadia Lourdes
Published: May 2022

La obesidad es un problema de salud mundial que se ha venido incrementado durante las últimas décadas y que afecta a todas las edades. Al mismo tiempo, los problemas de estrés crónico derivado de los estilos de vida modernos son cada vez más comunes. Estas dos problemáticas están íntimamente relacionadas entre sí generando un círculo vicioso. Una etapa crucial en la vida del ser humano en donde se generan cambios significativos es la vida universitaria. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar la relación entre la obesidad y el estrés mental en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Sonora México de primer ingreso mediante la prueba de colores de Stroop. Participaron 39 estudiantes universitarios, los cuales se agruparon en dos grupos, un grupo los estudiantes que presentaron obesidad (CON) y el otro grupo sin obesidad (SIN). La condición de obesidad se determinó a través de la ecuación de masa grasa relativa (RFM) y el estrés mental se determinó mediante la raíz cuadrada del índice de estrés de Baevsky (IS) través del registro de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC). El grupo CON presentó valores más elevados de estrés mental durante todas las fases de la prueba en relación con el grupo SIN (p<0.001). Se concluye que la obesidad es un factor que se relaciona con valores más elevados de estrés en estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso por lo que es necesario incluir programas de ejercicio físico y de salud mental para aminorar esta problemática.
ideología chavista: ¿qué es el chavismo?
Authors: Rodriguez Rojas Pedro
Published: May 2022

Este artículo persigue analizar el proceso de formación del chavismo como ideología política. Para ello se hace una breve revisión histórica de la formación ideológica del presidente Hugo Chávez, su visión como militar y la consolidación de su liderazgo.  Recogeremos el debate en torno a la figura del caudillo y la apreciación sobre el populismo en el gobierno chavista.  El tratamiento que Chávez le dio a la política, cómo abordó las diversas corrientes del pensamiento político, particularmente del socialismo y el marxismo, para terminar, abordando su papel en el proceso de consolidación de un sentimiento de identificación y aversión en torno a su liderazgo.
Creatividad de la acción como posibilidad de transformación en el quehacer pedagógico
Authors: Carmen Burgos Carmen
Published: May 2022

Para pensar la emancipación del profesor en la escuela desde la corriente de pensamiento crítico, presentamos la idea de acción creativa como posible replanteamiento al ejercicio docente. Para dar cuenta de ello, abordamos el tema en tres momentos: Acción creativa y  emancipación como objeto de análisis central; segundo, se aborda ese posicionamiento para comprender la inequidad en el sistema educacional y se caracterizan desde ahí las ideas latentes que aparecen en las creencias del docente. Desde el cruce con las ideas y teorías del análisis bibliográfico, y, a partir de los discursos interpretados, se enuncian  las premisas sobre  equidad adscrita a la teoría crítica. Sosteniendo que una teoría educativa basada en la acción creativa y aplicada a los actos de formación, genera transformaciones en la cultura escolar; específicamente en los  sujetos curriculares, en la organización del aprendizaje y en el ambiente institucional, asumiendo  que tal cambio debiese tener proyección en un sistema-social que tiende a mejores estadios de desarrollo y a la justicia social.
Oral habits in relation to malocclusions
Authors: Ali Faizan , Soni Sanjeev , Kaur Gurpreet , Bagga Manmeet Kaur
Published: May 2022

Oral habits are learned patterns of muscle contraction and have a very complex nature. They are associated with anger, hunger, sleep, tooth eruption and fear. Basicallya habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur unconsciously. Habits are one of the major etiologic factors which will leads to malformation in dento-facial structures. Habits are the most frequent cause of these malformations mostly seen in the early childhood and mixed dentition stages.The oral bad habits that cause malocclussion problems include:Thumb sucking, it is a normal habit for babies, but causes serious orthodontic problems if it continues long after the eruption of permanent teeth. Prolonged thumb sucking can create crowded, crooked teeth, or bite problems and speech problems. Lip-biting or fingernail biting, both habits can shift the teeth out of alignment. Tongue thrusting, some children thrust their tongue forward,pressing it against the lips with a force that can result in teeth malocclusions such as ‘open bite’ or teeth protrusion (overjet). Modern orthodontics are usually able to treat most teeth malocclusions successfully, but prevention can help the family to avoid the large cost of orthodontic treatment.
Effectiveness of the emotional freedom techniques to reducing stress in diabetic patients
Authors: Lestari Yumi Dian , Armi Armi , Koniasari Koniasari , Setiawan Yana , Sartika Milla , Rohmah Hajar Nur Fathur , Nurpratiwi Yulidian , Fahrudin Adi
Published: May 2022

The research aimed to recognize the EFT effect on the stress reduction of diabetes mellitus patients.  The Research used a quasi-experimental design non-randomization pre-test – post-test group design. The ‘t’ value for stress level before EFT was performed with a p-value of 0,000 and for stress level after EFT p-value was 0,000. From the statistic, it was concluded that there was a significant EFT effect on stress reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus. The Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) including the mind-body therapy relaxation technique was an integrated system between energy medicine and EFT therapy using a tapping method on body meridian points.  EFT therapy firmly helped the patients to manage their minds from emotional pressure (negative energy) therefore it helped patients with stress. It helped all patients mainly patients with diabetes mellitus.
To study the clinical profile of acute encephalitic syndrome in children aged 3 months to 12 years
Authors: Chavan Sanjay , Calipat Shiji , Kaushal Kriti , Agarkhedkar S. R. , Guard B. K.
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute encephalitic syndrome (AES) poses challenges to physicians owing to acute presentation, often rapid deterioration with various causes including infective inflammatory conditions of central nervous system. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess clinical profile of AES and to assess the outcome of management of AES in children. Materials and Methods: For this hospital-based observational prospective study, 32 clinically diagnosed hospitalized AES children, as per WHO case definition over a period of 2 years consecutively were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) samples were tested for viral PCR and MRI was performed in all cases. Results: Major clinical manifestations were seizures 24 (75%), vomiting (40.6%) and abnormal gait (31.2%) were noted. Dengue infection was most common etiology for AES followed by Covid-19 infection and Tubercular meningitis. Rabies encephalitis, Autoimmune encephalitis, HSV encephalitis and Pneumococcal meningitis were also found among the study samples. Conclusion: The most common causes found in our study were Dengue fever and Covid-19 infection, therefore, one should be aware of common etiological agents causing AES as well as newer etiological agents like Covid-19 which might come in the future.
The impact of grammatical competence on 1st year university English students’ written performance
Authors: Salman Zahraa Muhram , Hazem Ali Hussein
Published: May 2022

It is clear that EFL Iraqi students of English have problems in mastering some grammatical components in English. However, the first year students are struggling with these types of grammar problems, some grammatical rules are similar in the two languages, which makes it rather easy for Arabic speakers to learn English. This study aims to investigate the scope and nature of the syntactic errors made by first year learners of English at Al- Hamdaniya University, Iraq. It identifies, describes, and analyzes errors made in certain specific grammar areas such as tenses, modals, auxiliaries, subject verb agreement, verb forms. The study used a composition writing test of 23 EFL Iraqi first year students.  The study focuses on the accuracy in the English writing skills of Iraqi students with the aim to examine the interference of the rules of the target language. For this purpose, researchers in this paper analyse 20 written essays and identified common grammatical errors made by the students.
Impact of the COVID-19 on the labor market in Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Nguyen Thi Tu
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the economy, society, and especially, directly affects the labor market in Vietnam. According to a report from the General Statistics Office, in 2021 the number of labor market participants decreased compared to the previous quarter and the same period last year. The proportion of employees with informal employment and underemployment both increased compared to the previous quarter and the same period last year. The long-term effect of the pandemic on households has become clear, as of March 2021, 30% of households had lower incomes than in March 2020. According to the data, about 12% of households fall into financial difficulty when they lose the least. 50% of their income. Facing this situation, the Government of Vietnam has implemented a series of measures to maintain support for businesses and workers to restore production, contributing to improving the situation of labor and employment in the country.
Challenges and opportunities of self-supporting students during pandemic
Authors: Abdurajak Nena C.
Published: May 2022

This study intends to explore on the lived experiences of self-supporting vendor students under modular modality. Employing qualitative-descriptive phenomenological design, specifically descriptive phenomenology that focuses on the study of the study of experience from the perception of the individual. Semi structured interviews were conducted to gather the data. Data analysis was done using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method to interpret the data. The study revealed that financial challenges in the family have made them self-supporting student vendors. Being a self-supporting student vendors have developed a sense of resourcefulness as they strive to find means in sustaining themselves in their studies. Their ambitions in life is what made them endure hardships and go on in life. Modular approach in learning made their studies a bit lighter since they can choose the time when to study.
A randomized controlled trial on cross infection control in maxillofacial trauma surgery a comparison of intermaxillary fixation techniques
Authors: Chatterjee Abhirup , Sanober Arshiya , Srivastava Pritika , Thakur Sachin , Venugopal Kannan , Budumuru Anil , Bhagyasree Vegunta
Published: May 2022

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the intermaxillary fixation techniques in maxillofacial trauma surgery in terms of cross infection control. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial which included 120 patients with fractures of the mandible requiring open reduction and fixation. The participants were allocated either to the study group and treated with intraoperative Rapid IMF or to the control group and managed with intraoperative eyelet wire ties. Results: Rapid IMF group had significantly fewer glove perforations than the traditional method (0.67 per operation compared with 1.5), (P < 0.0001). The incidence of skin-penetrating injuries was the same in both groups (rate 0.02/ procedure). The application of Rapid IMF was significantly faster than wiring (P < 0.0001). Minor intraoperative complications were noted in both groups, but more in the Rapid IMF group. Most concerned loosening or fracture of the anchorage ties but the surgical outcome was not affected. Conclusion: Rapid IMF is a safer alternative to wiring methods with significant reduction in glove perforation rates and is quicker to apply than conventional wiring techniques.
Comparison between different absorbable plating systems in craniofacial surgery-an original research
Authors: Pillai A Rashmi , Keshini M P , Raut Vaibhavi , Sowmya Jangam , Kaila Vini , Varma Praveen Kumar , Bhagyasree Vegunta
Published: May 2022

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro present research was to evaluate different absorbable plating systems in different craniofacial surgeries. Methodology: A sample of patients with single-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis treated using either Resorb-X or Delta bioresorbable plating systems were reviewed. Only patients with preoperative, immediate, and long-term 3-dimensional photographic images or computed tomography scans were included. A comparison of plating system outcomes was performed to determine the need for clinic and emergency room visits, imaging obtained, and incidence of subsequent surgical procedures due to complications. Results: Forty-six patients (24 Resorb-X and 22 Delta) underwent open repair with bioabsorbable plating for single suture craniosynostosis. The mean age at each imaging time point was similar between the 2 plating systems (P>0.717). Deformity specific measures for sagittal (cranial index), metopic (inter fronto temporale), and unicoronal (frontal asymmetry) synostosis were equivalent between the systems at all time points (0.05<P<0.904). A single Delta patient developed bilateral scalp cellulitis and abscesses and subsequently required operative intervention and antibiotics. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable plating for craniosynostosis in children as well as craniofacial surgeries are effective and has low morbidity.
Estimation of the levels of vitamin D3 and interleukin 10 in the serum of people recovering from corona virus in Nineveh Governate
Authors: Ahmed Zahraa Amer , Bdaiwi Lelas Farhan
Published: May 2022

The research included an estimation of some biochemical parameters such as Interleukin10, Vitamin D3, A c-reactive protein, Alkaline phosphatase, Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus, in serum of patientes with corona virus in comaperation with control group, vaccinated recovering group, unvaccinated recovering group, were diagnosed by specialized doctors at Alfya Lab in Mousl. The samples were (30) control unvaccinated, (23) control vaccinated, (25) recovering unvaccinated, (25) vaccinated recovering, (7) Patients of virus corona of the same age. The results showed a significant increase in the levels of Interleukin10, A c-reactive protein, Alkaline phosphatase. In serum of Patients of virus corona and vaccinated recovering group in compared with Control, unvaccinated groups. Where the levels of iron, calcium, Vitamin D3 shwed a significant decrease in serum of patients with corona virus in comaperation with other groups. The results also clarified a positive correlation between Interleukin10  and iron, calcium and a  negative correlation with Vitamin D3 , Phosphorus , A c-reactive protein and Alkaline phosphatase. The results also showed that there was a significant increase in the levels of Interleukin10, A c-reactive protein, Alkaline phosphatase and significant decrease in the levels of iron, calcium Vitamin D3 in   serum of female group in comaperation with male group.
Social policy - from the perspective of Ho Chi Minh
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2022

Implementing social policies for all people is one of the conditions to ensure sustainable development goals, and it has been recognized and protected by law through international treaties, national practices international law, documents in the international legal system, and the laws of each country. Implementing social policies is one of the important contents of Ho Chi Minh's thought. He always determined that the goal of social policy was to bring freedom and happiness to the people. Therefore, the study of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the implementation of social policies has theoretical and practical significance for Vietnam today.
firefly technique with courtship training optimized for load balancing independent parallel computer task scheduling in cloud computing
Authors: Arvindhan M. , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Load Balancing strategies is essential provisioning towards cloud environments is a hard challenge due of the situation dynamic nature and varying additional actions selves. Load balancing approaches are spoken at a data center levels in just this investigation. A much more effective source management technique for virtualizing data centers that raises the quantity of computers to satisfy the necessities of changing assignments requiring relocation is suggested in this study. The anticipated method, termed First-ahead load balancing VM Allocation (FALB), incorporates the optimization unbiased, which constructs a accurate formula of UPMSP with sequential setup weeks back basic feasible. In particular, an enhanced firefly algorithm along with engagement learning is planned. Ultimately, in order to offer numerical solutions inside an appropriate timescale, the suggested algorithm is utilized to calculate the UPMSP with set of images process time. FALB is contrasted the with best solution availability of Cloud centered on VM migration dubbed Local Regression-Minimum Migration Time (LR-MMT) (LR-MMT).
Assessment of telescoping nail in the management of long bones fractures and deformities in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Badr Badr Ali Mohammed , Hanna Atef , El Barbary Hassan , Hegazy Mohammed , Arafa Amr
Published: May 2022

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and multiple fractures. Approximately 90% are caused by mutation in COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, the disease is transmitted either autosomal dominantly or recessively or appears as a spontaneous mutation. Protein product of these two genes is type I collagen, the major structural protein in the bone and skin, which is affected in quality, quantity or both. The most distinct feature of this disease is repeated fractures and deformities which are very challenging to treat. Making the bone harder by bisphosphonate treatment and by Intramedullary splinting of long bones is the standard of care in most pediatric orthopedic centers. The problem of treating young child with a fixed length intramedullary rod, is overgrowth of the bone beyond the edge of the nail, creating a segment of bone which is unsupported and very liable to fractures and deformities. The need for a device that elongates with bone growth (telescoping intramedullary nail) was necessary to overcome this problem. There were different types of telescoping Intramedullary nails (baily-dubow, Sheffield, interlocking telescoping nail that has been used for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta.
Role of porosity and water holding capacity of soil in nmdc dantewada of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sahu Vijay , Srivastava S. K. , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: May 2022

An examination was done to concentrate on the physical and substance properties of soils and their relationship with water-holding limits along the altitudinal slope for developed soils of South Bastar Dantewada. The geography Dantewada is located at 18.9000°N 81.3500°E. [1] It has an average elevation of 351 meters (1154 feet). Dantewada city is situated on the river banks of the Shankani and Dankini rivers. The soil surface went from sandy topsoil to earth with somewhat acidic (7.6) to profoundly acidic (5.2) in response. The natural carbon content fluctuated from 1.22 to 3.45 % with a mean worth of 2.31 %. The mass thickness, molecule thickness, porosity, volume extension and water in air-dry soils went from 1.08 to 1.54 gm/cc, 2.05 to 2.77 gm/cc, 42.44 to 61.73 per cent, 2.95 to 11.9 % and 0.68 to 4.32 %, individually. The water-holding limit (WHC) went from 33 to 73.86 % with a mean worth of 54.18 %. The outcomes uncovered that20% of the soil tests have medium to high WHC while just 80% are of low class.
analysis of working women in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh in context to work life balance
Authors: Bisht Nitin Kumar , Chowdhury Sonu , Agarwal Raveesh
Published: May 2022

Economic and societal factors have altered the roles and obligations of women across the globe. Thus, women who work are under great pressure to achieve professional success on par with their male colleagues while retaining an active role in their home life at the same time. Because of their increasing responsibilities, many working women are finding it more difficult to take time for themselves. Today's knowledge-based culture is overburdened with stress due to the proliferation of high-tech gadgets like smartphones, laptops, and other portable computing devices. All three aspects of a person's health are affected by this. In order to maintain a high standard of living while working, women must learn to strike a WLB. Women in the workforce have particular challenges in juggling their professional and personal lives. These are the questions that we want to answer with this study. This study found that a broad variety of factors affected married working women's ability to maintain a healthy WLB. The Industrial Society's handbook on work–life balance was used for this study. In a survey of working women in Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh, some shocking findings were found on the difficulties they encounter in juggling job and family obligations.
Cloud computing environments and management for big data security, and performance (CBDS) Model
Authors: Alghamdi Amal G. , AlZain Mohammed A. , Masud Mehedi
Published: May 2022

Big data is a technology that is growing at a tremendous speed in many sectors and fields, and this huge growth is also accompanied by the development of cloud computing, Cloud computing provides innovative organization in order to be able to meet the services you need to deal with big data in terms of infrastructure, where big data is processed and stored in the companies and establishments concerned, and unfortunately, still, It suffers from several problems and gaps that may threaten the security of this data In order to improve data security in cloud computing, provide secure access, and improve performance. This paper will discuss several concerns that may threaten data security, access, and cloud computing performance while managing big data, and that is by proposing a model(CBDS) Cloud for Big Data Security to develop performance in cloud management that meets several needs that will contribute to maintaining data integrity and confidentiality, providing secure access to data, and will greatly improve the performance of the cloud during data processing, storage, and recovery from the cloud at the user’s desire and in complete security.
Investigating the severity of dentin hypersentivity among patients aged 18-35 years with gastro- esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Authors: Suganya P , Rajmohan M , Prabu D , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Bharathwaj V. V , Sindhu R , Prashanthy M. R
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of dentin hypersensitivity among patients of aged 18-35 years with Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the dentine hypersensitivity severity GERD patients. A total number of 734 patients were recruited from medical-gastro clinic and are equally divided into two groups GERD and non-GERD based on the GERD questionnaire using simple random sampling method. The dentin hypersensitivity was recorded using Schiff sensitivity score and their salivary pH level was recorded using pH strip. The severity of dentin hypersensitivity was recorded using cumulative hypersensitivity index. The collected data was analyzed and tabulated using unpaired t test and one way ANOVA. P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The salivary pH level and dentin hypersensitivity was found to be statistically significant among GERD and non-GERD patients (P<0.01). Conclusion:  The dentine hypersensitivity was found to be higher among GERD patients compared to non-GERD. This study concluded that GERD patients had a higher chance of developing dentin hypersensitivity compared to non-GERD patients.
Effect of Solvent on the absorbance maxima (λmax) of Standard Plot of Thiocolchicoside
Authors: Goswami Manish , Jindal Keshav , Arora Saahil
Published: May 2022

Standard plot of Thiocolchicoside was constructed in distilled water, 0.01M PBS, n-octanol, ethanol, methanol, 0.9% w/v NaCl and mixture of acetonitrile: water (70:30). Peak of stock solution was observed at a particular wavelength (λmax) and various dilutions of that stock solution were prepared and absorbance value of every dilution was observed at that particular wavelength and corresponding to this regression coefficient (r2), slope value (m) of plot and molar extinction coefficient of drug was observed. As stock solution of Thiocolchicoside was prepared in various solvents with different concentration of stock solution at particular λmax value. All the stock solutions of Thiocolchicoside were scanned in UV region i.e. from 200 nm-400 nm.