bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of surgical techniques used to repair a closed sciatic nerve injury in patients undergoing total hip replacement
Authors: Bazhanov S. P. , Tolkachev V. S. , Aitemirov Sh. M. , Ostrovskii V. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction A variety of surgical techniques used to treat a closed sciatic nerve injury after total hip replacement (THR) require careful evaluation and comparison of short- and long-term outcomes of the complex management emphasizing a paucity of publications on the subject and a high social and economic role of the issue.

The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of various surgical techniques used to treat closed sciatic nerve injuries afterTHR.

Material and methods A total of 94 patients with closed sciatic nerves injuries associated with THR were divided into three groups. Microsurgical neurolysis of the sciatic nerve was produced for patients of Group I; patients of group II underwent microsurgical neurolysis of the sciatic nerve and electrical nerve stimulation; patients of group III had microsurgical neurolysis and electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve with multichannel electrodes and segmental apparatus of the spinal cord at the conus and epiconus level. Clinical and neurological tests, dynamic electrophysiological monitoring were employed for clinical and functional evaluation.

Results In In the postoperative period, positive dynamics in clinical and electrophysiological parameters with improved pain, lower limb functionality, increased amplitudes and decreased latency of M‑response with most positive changes observed in Group III compared to Group I and Group II (p < 0.05).

Discussion The function of the sciatic nerve restored in all patients with the most pronounced effect recorded in group III. The effect from the technique was associated with a simultaneous electrical stimulation of the trunk of the peripheral nerve and the segmental apparatus of the spinal cord causing synergetic effect on the structures.

Conclusion The most effective method of surgical treatment was the use of Microsurgical neurolysis combined with two-level electrical stimulation was shown to be most effective and characterized by faster pain regression and positive dynamics in clinical and electrophysiological parameters in the affected lower limb of patients Group III.
Hematological markers of periprosthetic joint infection after revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Matveeva E. L. , Gasanova A. G. , Spirkina E. S. , Luneva S. N. , Ermakov A. M.
Published: October 2023

Analysis of clinical and laboratory tests is essential for monitoring the course of infectious complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

The objective was to assess the reliability of differences in hematological parameters in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) for monitoring the infectious process.

Material and methods Patients with acute (lasting 21.8 days on average) and chronic (lasting for 26.3 months on average) PJI were screened for hematological parameters on admission and during treatment in order to control the course of the purulent-inflammatory process.

Results Preoperative parameters demonstrated mild anemia in patients with acute PJI, and the hemoglobin concentration was normal in patients with chronic PJI. Patients of both groups showed normal total leukocyte count. ESR and C-reactive protein levels were many times higher than the threshold values. The C-reactive protein level was more than 2 times higher in patients with acute PJI than that in patients with a chronic infection. The ratio of ESR / C-reactive protein was normally greater than 5 units, from 3 to 4.5 in chronic PJI and from 1.5 to 2.3 in acute PJI. Discussion Examination of pre- and postoperative clinically significant parameters is practical for identification of the criteria to assess the risk of chronic PJI.

Conclusion Patients with acute PJI need no additional clinical and laboratory examination, integral laboratory parameters can be employed for accurate assessment of the extent of inflammation in a purulent wound.
Comparative evaluation of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants made of Ti Grade 4 ultrafine‑grained alloy
Authors: Stogov M. V. , Emanov A. A. , Kuznetsov V. P. , Gorbach E. N. , Kireeva E. A. , Korelin A. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction It has been shown that titanium implants with a structured surface provide an increased rate of osseointegration what makes their application quite promising.

The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants for prosthetics made of ultrafine-grained Ti Grade 4 alloy.

Materials and methods The study was carried out on 12 male rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed. Six rabbits of the control group had implants made of Ti6Al4V powder using selective laser sintering technology that were osseointegrated into the tibia, 6 rabbits of the experimental group had implants made of Ti Grade 4 by equal channel angular pressing. The formation of the "bone-implant" block was examined 26 weeks after the implantation.

Results Histologically, after 26 weeks of the experiment, porous changes, enlargement of the Haversian canals, and pronounced osteoclastic resorption were not detected in the animals of the experimental group throughout the stump in the compact plate. Around the implant, a bony case repeating the bone shape was formed, represented by lamellar bone tissue. Using X-ray electron probe microanalysis, it was found that in the substrate formed on the surface of the implant in rabbits of the experimental group, there was significantly more calcium in all areas over the implant relative to the animals of the control group. In the control group, relative to the experimental group, an increased level of C-reactive protein in blood serum was retained longer. Complications and significant clinical and laboratory abnormalities were not found in both groups during the entire experiment.

Discussion Our data are consistent with the results of other experimental studies, which unambiguously noted that titanium implants with a structured surface show increased osseointegration characteristics in comparative studies relative to implants without modification of the structure of the material of the threaded surface. The absence of complications and undesirable reactions of the animal organism also indicates the acceptable safety of the tested products.

Conclusion Osseointegration of a percutaneous implant that has a mixed nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained structure was more effective than the reference implant. This makes the use of such implant promising for solving clinical problems in prosthetics.
In vivo effectiveness of polymer hydrogels impregnated with an antibacterial drug in chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Tsiskarashvili A. V. , Melikova R. E. , Volkov A. V. , Zaytseva O. S. , Pkhakadze T. Ya. , Artyukhov A. A. , Sokorova N. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a common depot system in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. However, a lot of its shortcomings do not allow us to consider it ideal.

Purpose of the work was to study in vivo the effectiveness of a polymer hydrogel containing an antibiotic for chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia in a rabbit model and compare it with PMMA.

Materials and methods The study was performed on the lower leg of 25 mature Chinchilla rabbits. A model of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia was created. A methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), highly active against cefazolin, was chosen as an infectious agent. Surgical debridement started 21 days after the clinical, laboratory, radiological and microbiological confirmation of the diagnosis, the technique for all animals was the same. The experimental group (n = 11) was treated by implantation of a polymer hydrogel, the comparison group (n = 11) with PMMA, and the control group (n = 3) had no implanted substance. In the postoperative period, monitoring of the local status, weight and body temperature of the animals, microbiological and radiological studies were carried out. Animals were taken out of the experiment by stages. Biopsies were sent for bacteriological and histomorphometric studies. Statistical comparison of the groups was performed using the Mann ‑ Whitney, Kruskell ‑ Wallis and Tukey criteria, descriptive statistics were used for the control group.

Results In the experimental group, in all cases, postoperative wounds healed in a timely manner, the levels of WBC and CRP significantly (p = 0.040) decreased from 14 and 21 days, respectively. Microbiologically, the growth of microflora from the wound discharge and biopsy specimens was not detected; radiographic progression of chronic osteomyelitis was not observed; histomorphometry revealed a significant (p = 0.002) effective relief of the inflammatory process. In the comparison group, systemic antibiotic therapy was required from postoperative day 7. Levels of inflammatory markers decreased less effectively than in the experimental group. MSSA was verified from wound discharge and biopsy specimens at almost every follow-up time-point. X-rays and histomorphometry (p = 0.001), on average, detected exacerbation of osteomyelitis. In the control group, systemic therapy did not give positive dynamics.

Discussion A comparative analysis showed that the hydrogel impregnated with an antibacterial agent, unlike PMMA, reliably arrests chronic osteomyelitis without auxiliary systemic antibiotic therapy and does not cause material-associated bone resorption. The clinical and laboratory picture is fully consistent with the data of microbiology, radiology and histomorphometry.

Conclusion Hydrogel impregnated with an antibiotic reliably and effectively stops chronic osteomyelitis compared to PMMA.
Adrenomedullin as a marker of severity in community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Singh Rohan K. , Bahl Dheeraj , Duggal Nandini
Published: October 2023

Background: Stratification of the risk of mortality as well as identifying those patients most susceptible to complications due to pneumonia in the short and long-term, are key in establishing preventive strategies and optimizing treatment.
Methods: Cross Sectional Observational Study. Participants: 72 children of 1month to <18 years of suspected cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) were included according to World health organisation (WHO) criteria of pneumonia. Samples were taken at the outset for pro-Adrenomedullin (Pro-ADM) level estimation. Correlations between final clinical outcomes (viz. ICU Stay, mortality, length of hospital stay) with Serum Pro-ADM levels were noted.
Results: Significant positive correlation was seen between Pro-ADM levels (picomol/l) with duration of ICU stay (days), duration of invasive ventilation (days), duration of hospital stay (days) with correlation coefficient of 0.783, 0.778, 0.808 respectively. Pro-ADM levels at cut off point of >5.7 (picomol/l) with area under curve of 0.866 with diagnostic accuracy of 84.72% for correctly predicting severe CAP.
Conclusions: We concluded that pro-ADM levels found to be high in severe/very severe pneumonia patients as per WHO criteria. Also, in our study higher levels of pro-ADM at the outset suggests need of ICU, Ventilator or longer hospital stays.
Comparing conventional and patient specific instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: an early analysis of function and satisfaction
Authors: Vaz Pinto Goncalo , Dantas Sofia Caldeira-Dantas , Bessa Magalhães Tiago , Fontes Ana Paula , Marreiros Ana , Ribeiro De Sousa João Paulo
Published: October 2023

Background: Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) in TKA is a surgical technique created to improve the accuracy of implantation, surgical time, blood loss and workflow that has been a growing trend over the past decade. Our work aims to determine if there are improvements in patient satisfaction and functional results using PSI in comparison with conventional instrumentation (CI) in TKA.
Methods: The authors evaluated 716 patients from the past 10 years that underwent TKA, either by PSI (n=456) or by CI (n=260). The authors recorded the WOMAC index, articular range of motion, and the six-minute walking test at pre-op and day 90 post-op. T-student and Mann-Whitney tests were used considering p<0.05.
Results: The functional scores achieved 90 days after surgery were better for PSI compared to CI. The respective differences are found in the extension (p=0.022), gait distance (p=0.010) and in the pain and function WOMAC index (respectively p=0.018 and p=0.020). No statistical differences were found in satisfaction.
Conclusions: 90 days after TKA, the functional scores achieved with PSI were better compared to CI. However, better results in this area did not translate to significantly higher satisfaction in the patients. There seems to be a tendency in favor of better functional results in patients that underwent TKA by PSI in comparison to those submitted to CI. These results seem to follow the tendencies demonstrated in available literature.
A comparative study of the outcome of displaced fractures neck of femur treated with unipolar prosthesis and fenestrated bipolar prosthesis in active elderly patients
Authors: Aminul Islam Mohammad , Debnath Shaymal Chandra , Hossen Muhammad Anwar , Shahnewas
Published: October 2023

Background: Fractures of the neck or femur are among the most serious surgical problems affecting older groups. These fractures constitute a large burden on families and society due to the inability to stand and walk. Objectives were to compare the functional outcomes of unipolar (Austin-Moore) versus uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in displaced fractures neck femur among these active elderly patients. 
Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at NITOR, Dhaka, Bangladesh in total 60 patients. Among them, 30 patients were treated with unipolar and 30 patients were treated with fenestrated bipolar prosthesis through a lateral approach.
Results: There was no significant age difference between the two groups. Regarding the functional outcome, 6 (20%) patients in the unipolar group and 11 (36.67%) patients in the bipolar group had excellent outcomes. About the same number of patients had good outcomes 36.67% in the unipolar and 43.33% in the bipolar group; the fair and poor outcome was more in the unipolar group than the bipolar group. So, the final outcome after 6 months of operation, 57.57% of patients had satisfactory results in the unipolar group whereas 80% of patients had satisfactory results in the bipolar group. The average Harris hip score was 77.14±14.58 in the unipolar group and 84.63±10.15 in the bipolar group and the p=0.01 which is below 0.05. So, the result is statistically significant. 
Conclusions: Uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a fenestrated stem can give better functional outcomes for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in active elderly patients compared to Austin-Moore prostheses.
Dynamic hip screw versus proximal femoral nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Singh Harpal , Khosla Vaibhav , Mittal Mandeep , Dattu Vijay
Published: October 2023

Background: As the elderly population grows, the number of hip fractures continues to increase. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of dyanamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail in the fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.
Methods: After obtaining approval of the ethics committee, a prospective study was conducted in the department of orthopedics, SKR Hospital, Pathankot from January 2021 till December 2022. Informed consent was taken from patients who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria and relevant clinical information was collected, including intra and post-operative details.
Results: During the study period, 65 patients with intertrochanteric fracture were included in the study, of which 33 were treated with PFN and 32 with DHS. It was observed that 91% of the patients who underwent PFN had blood loss less than 100 ml, while 72% of the patients who had DHS had blood loss between 100-300 ml. Mobilization started on the first postoperative day in 67% of PFN patients while as compared to 13% of DHS patients (p value <0.01). Among late complications, there was one case of implant failure among PFN cases, while there were two cases of non-union, two cases of implant failure and one case of late infection among DHS group of patients. It was observed that 91% of PFN group patients had excellent outcomes, while outcome was excellent in 66% of DHS group patients.
Conclusions: Our study showed that PFN is a superior method of osteosynthesis as compared to DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.
Headband technique of reimplantation of a partially amputed finger: a first reported in literature
Authors: Upadhyaya Gunjan , Arya Ashish , Munde Santosh Laxman , Garg Swapnil
Published: October 2023

Background: Reimplantation of a partially amputee finger is a challenging task especially in resource limited country like India. In most of the scenario it lands in total amputation either due to delay in arrival at operative set up or due to lack of plastic surgery facility.
Methods: We developed an innovative approach (1st reported in literature) of “headband technique “of reimplantation of such partially amputee fingers and toes. Partially amputee fingers and toes with viability were selected for the operative treatment and for the study. The study was conducted from January 2020 to 2021 with a follow up period for 6 months at our institution. The innovative suturing technique involved a single stitch at the tip of the pulp and rest on adjacent to nail bed securing the neurovascular structures. The patient was in age group of 9 months to 94 years, mostly traumatic injury, with 40 male and 15 female patients. Patients who reported with fully amputee fingers, black escharotic finger were excluded from the study.
Results: To our accomplishment out of 55 operated patients, more than 50 have fully recovered.
Conclusions: With this simple technique of reimplantation even doctor at PHC’S can save fingers from getting amputed. Our study is with small number of patients; hence we advocate a larger study for to have conclusive evidence for the same.
Toronto extremity salvage score-patient reported outcome measures in upper extremity bone tumors treated with limb salvage surgery
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , P. A. Sandhya
Published: October 2023

Bone and soft tissue tumors of upper extremity are relatively uncommon than those of lower limb. Treating these patients while retaining a functional limb is quite a challenge. Along with musculoskeletal tumor society score, Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) is most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for sarcomas of upper extremity. Retrospective analysis of patients with upper extremity bone tumors (24) treated with limb salvage surgery (20) from 2014 to 2022 was undertaken.  Mean follow-up period was 26 months and mean age was 30.2 years. Out of 20, 11 humerus cases were of tumors arising from humerus, 5 in radius and 3 in ulna. 9 patients were treated with custom mega prosthesis reconstruction, 6 with fibular free flap, 6 radius underwent simple resection and 1 curettage. Majority of the cases were giant cell tumors (8) followed by osteosarcoma (3), fibromatosis (3), aneurysmal bone cyst (2), simple bone cyst (2), 1 Ewing sarcoma and 1 metastatic bone disease. The mean TESS score of the sample population was 69.7 Most of the patients (11) rated their disability to be of moderate degree and considered themselves to be moderately disabled. The mean TESS score for CMP group was 71.1, while that of autograft reconstruction was 68.3. Despite only half the population having received CMP as a reconstructive option, nearly 40% patients with disease of forearm where the results are not so great, our study population reported a reasonably good patient reported outcome score. A dedicated physiotherapy team with tailor made exercise protocol for each patient depending on their needs can help in improving the quality of life.
Full-thickness bilateral rotator cuff tears as a result of a bench-pressing accident: case report and literature review of treatment of bilateral rotator cuff tears
Authors: Ismael Lina , Al-Johani Hamad T. , Alrashedan Bandar S. , Khan Hayat , Alzahrani Abdullah
Published: October 2023

Rotator cuff injuries are frequent pathologies presenting to orthopedic surgeons. These injuries especially occur among older adults due to intrinsic or extrinsic degeneration. They can however present in young athletes, but as result of different etiologies. Overhead athletes may incur rotator cuff injuries due to repetitive trauma. Bilateral simultaneous traumatic shoulder dislocations have been reported in the literature following acute trauma or weight-lifting activity, but bilateral traumatic rotator cuff tears following bench pressing is an unusual presentation in a young individual. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report describing this injury. This article presents a case of a young male athlete who had bilateral rotator cuff tears after a barbell bench press. Both shoulders were treated operatively in a sequential manner, three months apart, and the patient regained excellent functional status 24 months postoperatively.
Three years follow up of open medial sub-talar dislocation of ankle: a case report
Authors: Siddharth Arunodhaya , Gupta Rahul , V. Sheshagiri , B. M. Pramod , Kumar Shashi , A. J. Divya
Published: October 2023

Open medial sub-talar dislocation is a rare lesion in traumatology. Even after early treatment, these injuries progress to sub-talar arthrosis. Here we describe a case of 24 years male with open type 3B medial sub-talar dislocation with calcaneum sustentaculum tali fracture following road traffic accident. He underwent emergency wound debridement and internal fixation with K-wires and VAC application. He was on regular monthly follow-up for 6 months and then 6 monthly follow-ups till date. K-wires were removed 8 weeks after surgery and gradual range of movement was started. Partial weight bearing was started at 12 weeks. He was pain free and returned to work after 8 months. At 3 years follow up patient is able to walk without pain, normal painless ROM at ankle. To the best of our knowledge, long term follow-up of patient with these lesions is not reported. Here we present a case with 3 years follow-up showing good results in patient with open sub-talar dislocation after early management with internal fixation with K-wires and VAC dressing.
MULHERES TICUNA ARTESÃS DO ALTO SOLIMÕES
Authors: Otaviano Guilherme Josiane , Mendes dos Santos Edilanê , Da Silva Maria Angelita
Published: October 2023

A luta pela igualdade de direitos também perpassa pelas sociedades indígenas, é o que procuramos demonstrar neste trabalho, no processo emancipatório das mulheres Ticuna do município de Benjamin Constant - AM. Antes, as mulheres estavam atreladas somente ao âmbito do trabalho doméstico, pautado na lógica da divisão sexual do trabalho. Atualmente, estas mulheres têm exercido um protagonismo, alcançando destaque na sociedade local. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e cunho narrativo, utilizou as falas e memórias de quatro mulheres integrantes das associações de artesãs AMIT, MEMATÜ e AMIPC. Explicitaremos aqui sua trajetória, passando pela fundação das associações, seus primeiros contatos com a busca por capacitação e empoderamento feminino, até as frentes de luta que elas têm participado. O resultado mostra a força e o histórico de luta destas mulheres que buscam se posicionar na sociedade moderna, porém sem voltar as costas para as tradições, o retrato da mulher Ticuna contemporânea
A LUTA PELO RECONHECIMENTO DOS DIREITOS DO POVO INDÍGENA KANELA DO ARAGUAIA
Authors: Do Nascimento Brito Kanela Claudio , De Oliveira Ângelo Altair , Da Silva Lorranne Gomes
Published: October 2023

Muito antes da chegada dos europeus no Continente Americano, diversos povos aqui viviam conforme suas culturas e organização social. Desde a vinda dos não indígenas, os indígenas vêm sofrendo injustiças, que culminam em genocídio e esbulho de suas terras. Para sobreviver, os povos originários tiveram que fugir de seu território, misturando-se à população não indígena, o que acarretou na perda da língua materna e de seus costumes ancestrais. No Brasil, desde que os direitos indígenas foram reconhecidos pela Constituição Federal, vários povos indígenas têm lutado para serem reconhecidos como tal, para reaverem suas terras e terem acesso aos direitos constitucionais. Neste artigo, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e de relatos dos indígenas, busca-se fazer um mapeamento situacional do povo Kanela do Araguaia. Trata-se, portanto, de apresentar a dolorosa luta pela demarcação da Terra Indígena, marcada pela histórica omissão do Estado e por conflitos que trouxeram os Kanela do Araguaia ao momento histórico em que se encontram.
PESQUISA COLABORATIVA NA ALDEIA TAPI’ITÃWA
Authors: Zoia Alceu , Edimundo Tapirapé Taroko
Published: October 2023

Este texto trata da contribuição que a produção de materiais didáticos e pedagógicos tem na reafirmação cultural e territorial dos povos indígenas, neste caso, o povo Apyãwa, residente no estado de Mato Grosso. O centro dos interesses repousa sobre as potencialidades que professores indígenas, juntamente com a comunidade possuem para a construção dos produtos e artefatos que materializam a diversidade cultural e as tradições histórico-culturais características dos lugares e do povo. Os materiais específicos e diferenciados, elaborados pela comunidade e trabalhados na escola expressa a realidade vivenciada por todos.
SUJEITO CULTURAL
Authors: Da Silva Maria Angelita , Samias Garcia Wanderlania , Nonato Ribeiro Mori Nerli , Ribeiro da Silva Iolete
Published: October 2023

Esse trabalho aborda o tema das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/SD) e relações étnico-raciais numa reflexão a partir de uma pesquisa em andamento. Essa pesquisa está andamento. Seu objetivo é investigar o tema das AH/SD no ensino, pesquisa e extensão, além da produção científica da UFAM, tendo como eixo temático a cultura, a ciência e a linguagem na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva e Intercultural e das Políticas Epistemológicas. Os resultados – não definitivos, apontam para uma multiplicidade de linguagens na formação da identidade local, tendo em vista uma pluralidade étnica que promove as epistemes de fronteira. Portanto, os estudos sobre AH/SD nesse contexto são necessários e significativos para análise do perfil sensorial e seus desdobramentos para o desenvolvimento da inteligência. Fazemos um recorte conceitual e analítico no que diz respeito à definição de AH/SD no contexto amazônico em sua representatividade e manifestações interétnicas dos povos da floresta e das águas (FERREIRA, 2016) e da fronteira (LIMA, 2019). A esse recorte articulamos a memória coletiva atual e ancestral (SILVA, 2020), a fim de identificar e atender, a partir de suas especificidades étnico-raciais e de gênero, a pessoas com AH/SD em suas epistemologias locais, buscando implementar a Política Nacional de Inclusão.
LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Dias de Paula Eunice
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo abordamos a questão das línguas indígenas na atualidade. A Constituição Federal de 1988 instituiu um novo paradigma em relação aos povos indígenas e suas línguas. A situação de colonialidade que ainda perdura, não tem impedido que os diferentes povos promovam ações que valorizam as línguas originárias. A Etnossintaxe (ENFIELD, 2002) ampara a reflexão acerca da importância das línguas indígenas, que codificam os valores e as regras que organizam as diferentes sociedades. Para os povos indígenas, elas constituem um valioso índice de identidade étnica e o meio essencial que condensa a cosmologia e a epistemologia, o que permite aos pesquisadores não indígenas uma fonte inesgotável de saberes antropológicos, ecológicos, históricos, linguísticos, entre outros. Esses saberes, inclusive, podem salvar a humanidade que, neste momento, se encontra diante de uma catástrofe socioambiental.
Pricing Asian and Barrier Options Using a Combined Heston Model and Monte Carlo Simulation Approach with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Khalife Danielle , Yammine Jad , Rahal Sanabel , Freiha Sibelle
Published: October 2023

The computation of fair values for exotic options often necessitates complex pricing techniques, which remain sparsely addressed in academic literature. Predominantly, the assessment of fair value for vanilla options relies on methodologies such as the Black-Scholes model or Monte Carlo simulations. This study proposes an innovative, dynamic approach to pricing, leveraging artificial intelligence in conjunction with the Heston model and a Monte Carlo simulation engine. This approach aims to furnish estimates of the prices for Barrier and Asian options. To enhance the accuracy of the model, calibration was performed employing a supervised machine learning algorithm, a continuous risk-free curve, and a dynamic implied volatility surface, derived from the current market data of vanilla options on S&P 500 futures. The amalgamation of these models yields instantaneous pricing for exotic option derivatives, contingent on the investor's determination of time to maturity and barrier levels. The efficacy of the model was evaluated by comparing the output prices to theoretical model predictions and a selection of over-the-counter traded options. Our findings indicate that the proposed dynamic, integrated approach substantially reduces the disparity between the theoretical models and current market prices. The prices calculated by our model demonstrate a marginal error of merely 0.33% in comparison to market prices, a significant improvement over the considerably larger error of 3.12% exhibited by traditional models.
Mutational analysis of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes in children with Myelomeningocele
Authors: Hussain Nageen , Malik Saira , Faiz Tayyaba , Shafqat Fiza , Khan Ayaz Ali , Haq Taqweem Ul , Ali Waqar , Aziz Tariq , Alharbi Metab , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Alasmari Abdullah F.
Published: October 2023

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital disease. For a long time, molecular mechanism of MMC, the role of folate receptor and transporter proteins remain unclear. Folate from maternal lumen to developing embryo is carried out with the help of folate transporters (SLC46A1, SLC19A1, FOLH1 and SLC25A32) and folate receptor (FOLR1, FOLR2 and FOLR3). Due to the loss of function of these important genes, complications can facilitate the risk of MMC. This study focused on the mutational analysis of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes in children suffering from MMC. Myelomeningocele is a rare disorder so twenty blood samples from the children were collected. Primers of selected exons for FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes were designed with the help of PrimerFox software. Extracted DNA was amplified, and PCR based mutational analysis was done to check any type of mutation/SNPs in these genes. Sanger sequencing method was performed to confirm mutation in FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes. The results showed that certain environmental factors (smoking, low socio-economic status of mother bearing MMC fetus) were found to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with MMC but no mutation in the selected exons of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes was detected. Thus, genetic variations in the folate transporter gene may have no role in the progression of MMC in the studied population.
Modele zmian ściśliwości przestrzeni porowej mioceńskich skał zbiornikowych z rejonu zapadliska przedkarpackiego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Nowak Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

Ściśliwość porowa skał jest jednym z istotnych parametrów wykorzystywanych w trakcie badań złóż węglowodorów. Nieprawidłowe oszacowanie tego czynnika, a co za tym idzie – porowatości pierwotnej w warunkach in situ, prowadzi do błędów w szacowaniu zasobów złóż węglowodorów. Dotychczasowe próby opisania zależności pomiędzy porowatością mierzoną w ramach rutynowych badań petrofizycznych a ściśliwością porową doprowadziły do powstania szeregu modeli umożliwiających oszacowanie współczynnika ściśliwości porowej. Niestety, w trakcie prac zaczęto zauważać, że wyniki otrzymane na podstawie modeli nie mogą zastąpić badań laboratoryjnych, a jedynie służyć jako narzędzie pomocnicze. Dodatkowo wykazano, że uzyskane rezultaty różnią się w zależności od litologii, miejsca pochodzenia próbek i ciśnień, w jakich były badane. Doprowadziło to do powstawania coraz większej liczby modeli o różnym przeznaczeniu. W artykule użyto kilku najpopularniejszych modeli służących do oceny współczynnika ściśliwości piaskowców, które próbowano dopasować do uzyskanych wyników eksperymentalnych. Obiektem badań było 20 próbek piaskowców i heterolitów z rejonu zapadliska przedkarpackiego o porowatości od kilku do dwudziestu kilku procent. Przebadano je pod kątem właściwości petrofizycznych takich jak porowatość i przepuszczalność, a także dokonano analizy petrograficznej. Następnie przeprowadzono badanie ściśliwości porowej i wykonano analizę zależności pomiędzy ściśliwością a porowatością. Po uzyskaniu wyników eksperymentalnych porównano je z wynikami otrzymanymi na podstawie modeli literaturowych. W wyniku analizy statystycznej wytypowano najlepszy z modeli, który następnie został zmodyfikowany z wykorzystaniem języka R i środowiska Posit w celu jak najlepszego dopasowania do danych laboratoryjnych. Pozwoliło to na opracowanie modelu, który w porównaniu z dostępnymi modelami pozwala z dużo większą dokładnością przewidzieć współczynnik ściśliwości porowej piaskowców i heterolitów z zapadliska przedkarpackiego.
Polski eksport owoców i warzyw. Studium przypadku uznanych organizacji i wstępnie uznanych grup producentów owoców i warzyw (rynek pierwotny) z województwa dolnośląskiego
Authors: Malchar-Michalska Dominika
Published: October 2023

Celem artykułu było ocenienie zmian w polskim eksporcie owoców i warzyw w latach 2004–2012 oraz zidentyfikowanie kierunków sprzedaży zagranicznej podmiotów rynku pierwotnego owoców i warzyw na przykładzie województwa dolnośląskiego. W tym celu wykorzystano dane Międzynarodowego Centrum Handlu oraz metodę studium przypadku (jednostkami badania były wstępnie uznane grupy i uznane organizacje producentów działające w województwie dolnośląskim). Na podstawie analizy można stwierdzić, że w latach 2004–2012 nastąpił wzrost polskiego eksportu owoców i warzyw, a głównymi kierunkami eksportu były Niemcy i Rosja; podobnie było w przypadku badanych jednostek z województwa dolnośląskiego.
O niebezpieczeństwach korzystania z urządzeń mobilnych w wychowaniu małych dzieci: wyniki badań i wnioski
Authors: Gruszczyk-Kolczyńska Edyta
Published: October 2023

W tekście postawiono tezę, iż udostępnianie urządzeń mobilnych jest szczególnie groźne dla małych dzieci, które nie stworzyły w swoich umysłach zarysów reprezentacji trójwymiarowych obiektów oraz trójwymiarowej przestrzeni, w której funkcjonują. Deformacje w zarysach reprezentacji tworzonych w trakcie oglądania obiektów na ekranie tabletu lub smartfonu trudno naprawić w późniejszym czasie, gdyż następne doświadczenia poznawcze jedynie uzupełniają i wzbogacają posiadane już reprezentacje. By to udowodnić, przytoczono ważniejsze ustalenie zawarte w teorii reprezentacji J. S. Brunera, a następnie wyjaśniono, co sprawia, że niemowlaki i małe dzieci zadziwiająco sprawnie posługują się smartfonami i tabletami. Żeby pokazać niekorzystne różnice w reprezentacjach tworzonych przez dzieci z doświadczeń zgromadzonych w świecie realnych obiektów i świecie wirtualnym, przytoczono wyniki własnych badań, które sygnalizują fatalne skutki stosowania przez dorosłych urządzeń mobilnych w procesie wychowywania małych dzieci. Uzasadniono też konieczność podjęcia poważnych badań, których celem ma być ustalenie dalekosiężnych skutków udostępniania tabletów i smartfonów niemowlakom i małym dzieciom. Pomoże to oswoić wychowawczo i edukacyjnie te wspaniałe urządzenia, a także określić, kiedy i na jak długo można bezpiecznie dla rozwoju umysłowego dziecka udostępnić mu tablet i smartfon.
Nauka czytania wyzwalająca myślenie – radość z uczenia się
Authors: Wiśniewska-Kin Monika
Published: October 2023

Tekst jest sprawozdaniem z seminarium naukowego poświęconego wdrożeniu projektu uczenia się w kontekście nauki czytania i pisania. W spotkaniu uczestniczyli: władze Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Wydziału Nauk o Wychowaniu oraz przedstawiciele środowiska społeczno-gospodarczego. Omówiono zagadnienia związane z wdrożeniem oraz kwestie dotyczące procesu badawczego.
The use of neuroscience in developing Arabic learning media: Its implications in vocational high schools
Authors: Jailani Mohammad Jailani , Bustam Betty Mauli Rosa , Perawironegoro Djamaluddin
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop neuroscience-based learning media at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. The research approach used in this research is research and development (R&D). The research subjects were teachers and students. Data collection was carried out by using interviews, observation, and documentation methods. The validity of this research data using triangulation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification data. The results of this study prove that learning media is very effectively used to improve student learning outcomes. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the material brain-based learning media is considered very feasible to be applied in Arabic teaching and learning activities. In addition, this learning media is considered effective to be implemented in the process of learning Arabic mufrodat and muhadasah.
Keywords: Arabic; mufrodat; muhadasah; neuroscience; teaching media.
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ЭССЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ И КИШЕЧНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors:   ФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова», Грабеклис В.В. , Делюкина О.В. ,   ООО «ОЛЛМЕД ПЛЮС», Савко С.А. ,   ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)
Published: October 2023

Кишечная микробиота является важным функциональным компонентом желудочнокишечного тракта. Микробиота представляет собой совокупность бактерий, грибов, вирусов и архей, которые принимают активное участие в процессе пищеварения, синтезе витаминов и аминокислот и в защите организма от патогенных микроорганизмов. Воздействие макро- и микроэлементов на состав и функции кишечной микробиоты является важным направлением исследований в области микробиологии и иммунологии. Показано, что отдельные микроэлементы могут нарушать количественный и качественный состав кишечных комменсалов, модулируя развитие дисбиотических и диспептических расстройств, а также иммунологических и метаболических изменений в других системах организма. Исследования в данной области могут помочь понять механизмы взаимодействия микроэлементов и кишечной микробиоты, а также разработать новые методы профилактики и лечения заболеваний, связанных с нарушением состава и функций кишечной микробиоты. Цель работы – проанализировать литературные данные о взаимодействии эссенциальных элементов (Zn, Se, Ca, Mg, Fe) и бактериальной составляющей кишечной микробиоты. Поиск материалов осуществлялся на русском и английском языке в следующих реферативных научных базах данных: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. Проведен обзор исследований, рассматривающих влияние эссенциальных элементов на популяционный состав облигатных кишечных комменсалов и роль микробного состава кишечника в регуляции усвоения этих металлов. Показано, что микроэлементы и макроэлементы можно рассматривать в качестве пребиотиков для модуляции микробиоты кишечника, которая, в свою очередь, может также являться полезным инструментом для поддержания оптимального элементного гомеостаза.
ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СВЯЗЬ МЕДИ С НЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ (ОБЗОР)
Authors:   ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», Пилькевич Н.Б. , Марковская В.А. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», Яворская О.В. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», Смирнова А.П. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»
Published: October 2023

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой группу хронических прогрессирующих заболеваний или расстройств, которые в основном возникают в пожилом возрасте и характеризуются функциональным ухудшением и окончательной потерей нейрональных клеток в определенных областях мозга с потерей памяти, нарушениями обучения и мышления, а также трудностями при выполнении обычных повседневных действий. Наиболее распространенными возрастными нейродегенеративными расстройствами являются болезни Альцгеймера и Паркинсона. Число людей в мире, страдающих деменцией, в 2016 г. достигло 43,8 млн, эта патология была пятой по величине причиной смерти в мире и второй по величине причиной смерти среди населения старше 70 лет. Металлы участвуют в различных патофизиологических механизмах, связанных с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, усиливая окислительный стресс в клетках головного мозга, который приводит к гибели нейронов и нейродегенерации. Цель работы – анализ публикаций, посвященных изучению патофизиологической связи меди с нейродегенеративными расстройствами. Рассмотрены оригинальные статьи, поиск которых проводился в электронных базах данных PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Медь – третий по распространенности микроэлемент в организме. Этот химический элемент участвует в важных биологических функциях, в том числе энергетическом обмене, антиоксидантной защите и метаболизме железа. Медь имеет большое значение для нормального функционирования митохондрий, и любая функциональная потеря меди может нарушить функцию цепи переноса электронов и истощить энергию нейронов. Уровень меди строго регулируется. Дефицит меди может привести к снижению уровня энергии, нарушению метаболизма глюкозы и холестерина, усилению окислительного повреждения, изменению функции и структуры циркулирующей крови и иммунных клеток, а также способен вызывать или усугублять нейродегенеративные заболевания, анемию, метаболический синдром, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, рак, а также увеличивать риск развития инфекционно-воспалительных состояний с тенденцией к хронизации. Таким образом, полное понимание метаболизма меди и ее роли в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний лежит в основе определения новых эффективных методов их лечения.
ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ КОСТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СТАДИЯХ ДЕМИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors:   ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений» Министерства науки и высшего образования, Литвинов Ю.Ю. , Краснов В.В. ,   ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений» Министерства науки и высшего образования
Published: October 2023

Цель работы – изучение элементного состава костных образцов на различных стадиях деминерализации для оценки качества получаемых биологических имплантационных средств Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования – цилиндрические образцы нативной, частично деминерализованной и деминерализованной кортикальной кости от клинически здоровых животных (бык, возраст 1,5-2 года). Содержание химических элементов в образцах диафиза бедренной кости быка на различных стадиях деминерализации исследовали методом энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии. Результаты. Установлены закономерности изменений содержания изученных химических элементов в костных образцах в зависимости от времени их деминерализации. На протяжении всего эксперимента наблюдалось постоянное снижение относительного процента химических элементов, образующих минеральную фазу кости, и увеличение относительного процента химических элементов, образующих органическую фазу костной ткани. Выводы. Предложенный подход может быть использован при проведении оценки и контроля качества получаемых биологических имплантационных средств.
Özel Öğrenme Güçlüğü Tanılı Çocuğu Olan Ailelerin Görüşleri ve Deneyimleri: Tanılama Sürecinin Keşfi
Authors: BIÇAKCI Ali , ÇAKIROĞLU Orhan
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel öğrenme güçlüğü [ÖÖG] tanılı çocuğu olan ailelerin ÖÖG olan bireylerin tanılama süreçlerine ilişkin görüşlerini ve deneyimlerini belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda ÖÖG tanılı çocuğu bulunan ailelerin değerlendirme süreçlerine yönelik görüşlerini derinlemesine incelemek amacıyla olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını ÖÖG tanılı çocuğu olan 8 aile oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Görüşme sorularına son şeklini vermek amacıyla pilot görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; ailelerin tamamının ÖÖG hakkında sınırlı düzeyde bilgi sahibi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ailelerin çocukları tanılandıktan ve okula başladıktan sonra ÖÖG hakkında daha çok deneyim kazandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çocuklarının ÖÖG tanısı alması karşısında ailelerin bu durumu kabullenmekte çok zorlandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer öğrenciler ve onların aileleri ile ÖÖG tanılı öğrencilerin bir sorun yaşamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bazı ailelerin RAM’daki ve hastanedeki değerlendirme süresini yeterli, bazılarının ise bu süreyi yetersiz bulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ailelerin bir kısmının ÖÖG konusunda RAM personelinden kendilerini bilgilendirmelerini istediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ailelerin tıbbi değerlendirme için erken tarihe randevu alamadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bazı ailelerin hastanedeki değerlendirme sürecinin zamana yayılmasını ve birden çok görüşme ile çocuklarına tanı konulmasını istediği tespit edilmiştir. Ailelerin sınıf ve okul rehber öğretmenleri ve RAM personeline ilişkin hem olumlu hem de olumsuz görüşleri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ailelerden bazıları, hastane personelinin çocuklarının özel gereksinimli olduğunu unuttuğunu, çocuklarını tipik gelişim gösteriyor gibi görüp sık sık uyardığını belirtmişlerdir.
Özel Gereksinimli Bireylerle Çalışan Öğretmenlerin İnternet Güvenliği Becerilerine Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: BOZAK Burak , SİVRİKAYA Tuğba , ÇAY Evgin
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel gereksinimli bireylerle çalışan öğretmenlerin internet güvenliği becerilerine yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tipik durum çalışması yöntemi ile desenlenmiştir. Veriler, nitel araştırmalarda sıkça kullanılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya özel eğitim meslek okulunda çalışan ve yaşları 32-42 arasında değişen 14 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılacak öğretmenlerin seçimi için ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları doğrultusunda, katılımcıların internet güvenliğini "İnternette güvenli dolaşım" ve "Kişisel bilgilerin korunması" olarak algıladığı belirlenmiştir. Özel gereksinimli bireylerin internet ortamında maruz kalabileceği tehlikeler arasında yabancıların tuzakları, uygunsuz içerikler ve bilgilerin üçüncü kişilerle paylaşılması gibi tehlikeler yer almıştır. Bu bireylerin doğru internet kullanımıyla psikolojik şiddetten korunabileceği ve güvende hissedebileceği vurgulanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin ve ebeveynlerin çocukları takip ederek istenmeyen içeriklerden korumasının önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Yanlış internet kullanımının özel gereksinimli bireylerin psikolojisini etkilediği ve sosyal hayatlarını olumsuz etkilediği ifade edilmiştir. Öğretmenler, öğrencilere ve ailelere bilgi vererek internet güvenliği becerilerini kazandırmaya çalıştığı görülmüştür.