bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic relatedness proactively benefits learning, memory, and interdependence across episodes
Authors: Bennion Kelly A , Phong Jade , Le Mytien , Cheng Kunhua , Wahlheim Christopher N , Antony James W
Published: May 2024

Over the past century of memory research, the interplay between initial and later-learned information in determining long-term memory retention has been of central interest. A likely factor for determining whether initial and later memories interfere with or strengthen each other is semantic relatedness. Relatedness has been shown to retroactively boost initial memory and increase the interdependence between earlier and more recent experiences in memory. Here, we investigated the converse relationship of how relatedness proactively affects later memory for paired associates. In five experiments (N=1000 total), we varied the relatedness between initial and later cues, initial and later targets, or both. Across experiments and conditions, relatedness profoundly benefited later-learned memories – in some conditions, low relatedness reliably produced proactive interference (versus a control condition) while high relatedness produced proactive facilitation within the same experiment. Additionally, relatedness also accelerated learning and increased interdependence between initial and later-learned pairs. In sum, we demonstrate the robust effects of relatedness in scaffolding memory for recently learned information and creating strong integrative links with prior experiences.
Probing PAC1 receptor activation across species with an engineered sensor
Authors: Cola Reto B. , Niethammer Salome N. , Rajamannar Preethi , Gresch Andrea , Bhat Musadiq A. , Assoumou Kevin , Williams Elyse T. , Hauck Patrick , Hartrampf Nina , Benke Dietmar , Stoeber Miriam , Levkowitz Gil , Melzer Sarah , Patriarchi Tommaso
Published: May 2024

Class-B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of clinically relevant drug targets that remain difficult to investigate via high-throughput screening and in animal models. Here, we engineered PAClight1
P78A
, a novel genetically-encoded sensor based on a class-B1 GPCR (the human PAC1 receptor, hmPAC1R) endowed with high dynamic range (ΔF/F
0
= 1100%), excellent ligand selectivity and rapid activation kinetics (τ
ON
= 1.15 sec). To showcase the utility of this tool for in vitro applications, we thoroughly characterized and compared its expression, brightness and performance between PAClight1
P78A
transfected and stably-expressing cells. Demonstrating its use in animal models, we show robust expression and fluorescence responses upon exogenous ligand application ex vivo and in vivo in mice, as well as in living zebrafish larvae. Thus, the new GPCR-based sensor can be used for a wide range of applications across the life sciences empowering both basic research and drug development efforts.
A genome wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies calreticulin as a selective repressor of ATF6⍺
Authors: Tung Joanne , Huang Lei , George Ginto , Harding Heather P. , Ron David , Ordoñez Adriana
Published: May 2024

Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is one of three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane stress sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Despite its crucial role in long-term ER stress adaptation, regulation of ATF6 alpha (⍺) signalling remains poorly understood, possibly because its activation involves ER-to-Golgi and nuclear trafficking. Here, we generated an ATF6⍺/IRE1 dual UPR reporter CHO-K1 cell line and performed an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis screen to systematically profile genetic factors that specifically contribute to ATF6⍺ signalling in the presence and absence of ER stress. The screen identified both anticipated and new candidate genes that regulate ATF6⍺ activation. Among these, calreticulin (CRT), a key ER luminal chaperone, selectively repressed ATF6⍺ signalling: Cells lacking CRT constitutively activated a BiP::sfGFP ATF6⍺-dependent reporter, had higher BiP levels and an increased rate of trafficking and processing of ATF6⍺. Purified CRT interacted with the luminal domain of ATF6⍺
in vitro
and the two proteins co-immunoprecipitated from cell lysates. CRT depletion exposed a negative feedback loop implicating ATF6⍺ in repressing IRE1 activity basally and overexpression of CRT reversed this repression. Our findings indicate that CRT, beyond its known role as a chaperone, also serves as an ER repressor of ATF6⍺ to selectively regulate one arm of the UPR.
Visualization of endogenous G proteins on endosomes and other organelles
Authors: Jang Wonjo , Senarath Kanishka , Lu Sumin , Lambert Nevin A.
Published: May 2024

Classical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling takes place in response to extracellular stimuli and involves receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins located at the plasma membrane. It has recently been established that GPCR signaling can also take place from intracellular membrane compartments, including endosomes that contain internalized receptors and ligands. While the mechanisms of GPCR endocytosis are well understood, it is not clear how internalized receptors are supplied with G proteins. To address this gap we use gene editing, confocal microscopy, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to study the distribution and trafficking of endogenous G proteins. We show here that constitutive endocytosis is sufficient to supply newly internalized endocytic vesicles with 20-30% of the G protein density found at the plasma membrane. We find that G proteins are present on early, late, and recycling endosomes, are abundant on lysosomes, but are virtually undetectable on the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and the medial Golgi apparatus. Receptor activation does not change heterotrimer abundance on endosomes. Our results provide a detailed subcellular map of endogenous G protein distribution, suggest that G proteins may be partially excluded from nascent endocytic vesicles, and are likely to have implications for GPCR signaling from endosomes and other intracellular compartments.
The PRC2.1 Subcomplex Opposes G1 Progression through Regulation of CCND1 and CCND2
Authors: Longhurst Adam D. , Wang Kyle , Suresh Harsha Garadi , Ketavarapu Mythili , Ward Henry N. , Jones Ian R. , Narayan Vivek , Hundley Frances V. , Hassan Arshia Zernab , Boone Charles , Myers Chad L. , Shen Yin , Ramani Vijay , Andrews Brenda J. , Toczyski David P.
Published: May 2024

Progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle is the most highly regulated step in cellular division. We employed a chemogenomics approach to discover novel cellular networks that regulate cell cycle progression. This approach uncovered functional clusters of genes that altered sensitivity of cells to inhibitors of the G1/S transition. Mutation of components of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 rescued growth inhibition caused by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, but not to inhibitors of S phase or mitosis. In addition to its core catalytic subunits, mutation of the PRC2.1 accessory protein MTF2, but not the PRC2.2 protein JARID2, rendered cells resistant to palbociclib treatment. We found that PRC2.1 (MTF2), but not PRC2.2 (JARID2), was critical for promoting H3K27me3 deposition at CpG islands genome-wide and in promoters. This included the CpG islands in the promoter of the CDK4/6 cyclins CCND1 and CCND2, and loss of MTF2 lead to upregulation of both CCND1 and CCND2. Our results demonstrate a role for PRC2.1, but not PRC2.2, in promoting G1 progression.
ВЫБОР ПРОФЕССИИ НА ВСЮ ЖИЗНЬ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гуров В. И.
Published: May 2024

Представленный в статье материал посвящён важным событиям в истории русской инженерной школы (МВТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана): 125-летию со дня рождения Владимира Васильевича Уварова, первого газотурбиниста СССР, и 75-летию образования им кафедры “Турбиностроение” на факультете “Тепловые и гидравлические машины”. Показано расширение сферы применения газовых турбин, в частности, в составе ключевого (турбонасосного) агрегата мощных - тягой более 100 т - жидкостных ракетных двигателей. Рассказано об особенностях взаимодействия преподавателей кафедры с выпускниками на протяжении многих лет после получения ими диплома. Прослеживается процесс становления научного сотрудника высшей категории - выпускника кафедры - после его распределения в Центральный институт авиационного моторостроения им. П.И. Баранова.
ДВЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Переславцев Александр Васильевич , Вощинин Сергей Александрович , Артемов Арсений , Дюбанов Михаил Викторович , Реш Е. А.
Published: May 2024

В работе приведены данные о плазменной технологии переработки отходов производства и потребления в энергию (электрическую, тепловую, водород, биотопливо) - концепция WtE. Приведены расчеты Комплекса высокотемпературного плазменного конвертера (ВТПК) и его модификаций: ВТПК + Н2 и ВТПК + БАТ. Отмечается перспективность использования Комплекса ВТПК + БАТ, обеспечивающего степень внутреннего использования СО2 до 88%, практически полную замену природного газа производимым биодизелем и горючими компонентами пирогаза. Комплекс ВТПК + БАТ гарантированно обеспечивает переработку отходов и сбыт всей производимой продукции: электроэнергии, тепловой энергии, базальтоподобного шлака, углекислого газа (для выращивания микроводорослей), алга-биомассы (корм в животноводстве), биодизельного топлива. Для реализации концепции WtC предложено получаемые в Комплексе ВТПК + БАТ глицерин и водород перерабатывать в широкую гамму химической продукции. На основе Комплекса ВТПК + БАТ предложена структура регионального Агропромышленно-коммунального кластера. С позиций концепций WtE и WtC проведено сравнение эффективности различных модификаций Комплекса ВТПК.
Analyzing the Impact of Wing Flexural Axis Position on the Dynamics of a Very Flexible Airplane Using Strain-based Formulation
Authors: Sousa Marcelo Santiago de , Ribeiro Flávio Luiz Cardoso , Silva Roberto Gil Annes da , Paglione Pedro , Junior Sebastião Simões da Cunha
Published: May 2024

New technologies and the needs of specific missions have allowed and stimulated the development of airplanes with great structural flexibility. In these vehicles, there is a significant coupling between aeroelastic phenomena and flight dynamics. This has been a topic of research in recent years. Different methodologies have been studied to model the complete dynamics of flexible aircraft. One of these is the NFNS_s methodology (Non linear flight dynamics, non linear structural dynamics, strain based formulation). This article presents the use of this methodology in the analysis of the aeroelastic response and flight dynamics of a transport category aircraft with high structural flexibility. The effects of the wing elastic axis and the flexural axis positions were analyzed. Trimming, calculus of eigenvalues and time-marching simulations were carried out and the results were analyzed in detail. Some results were compared with those published in the literature. Similar trends were observed. This served as a qualitative validation of the methodology used.  Some limitations of the study are described. The contributions of this work lie in the use of the NFNS_s methodology to analyze the effects of the elastic and flexural axis positions. In addition, the results of time marching simulations of the airplane modeled and the analysis carried out in great detail are other important novelty.
A Study on the Predictions of Wave Breaker Index in a Gravel Beach Using Linear Machine Learning Model
Authors: Ahn Eul-Hyuk , Lee Young-Chan , Kim Do-Sam , Lee Kwang-Ho
Published: May 2024

To date, numerous empirical formulas have been proposed through hydraulic model experiments to predict the wave breaker index, including wave height and depth of wave breaking, due to the inherent complexity of generation mechanisms. Unfortunately, research on the characteristics of wave breaking and the prediction of the wave breaker index for gravel beaches has been limited. This study aims to forecast the wave breaker index for gravel beaches using representative linear-based machine learning techniques known for their high predictive performance in regression or classification problems across various research fields. Initially, the applicability of existing empirical formulas for wave breaker indices to gravel seabeds was assessed. Various linear-based machine learning algorithms were then employed to build prediction models, aiming to overcome the limitations of existing empirical formulas in predicting wave breaker indices for gravel seabeds. Among the developed machine learning models, a new calculation formula for easily computable wave breaker indices based on the model was proposed, demonstrating high predictive performance for wave height and depth of wave breaking on gravel beaches. The study validated the predictive capabilities of the proposed wave breaker indices through hydraulic model experiments and compared them with existing empirical formulas. Despite its simplicity as a polynomial, the newly proposed empirical formula for wave breaking indices in this study exhibited exceptional predictive performance for gravel beaches.
Plasmonic Crystals: A Platform to Catalog Resonances from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared Wavelengths in a Plasmonic Library
Authors: Gao Hanwei , Zhou Wei , Odom Teri W.
Published: December 2009

Surface plasmons are responsible for a variety of phenomena, including nanoscale optical focusing, negative refraction, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. Their characteristic evanescent electromagnetic fields offer opportunities for sub‐diffraction imaging, optical cloaking, and label‐free molecular sensing. The selection of materials for such applications, however, has been traditionally limited to the noble metals Au and Ag because there has been no side‐by‐side comparison of other materials. This feature article describes recent progress on manipulating surface plasmons from ultraviolet to near‐infrared wavelengths using plasmonic crystals made from 2D nanopyramidal arrays. A library of plasmon resonances is constructed in the form of dispersion diagrams for a series of unconventional and new composite plasmonic materials. These resonances are tuned by controlling both intrinsic factors (unit cell shape, materials type) and extrinsic factors (excitation conditions, dielectric environment). Finally, plasmonic crystals with reduced lattice symmetries are fabricated as another means to tailor resonances for broadband coupling.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Conformal, Functional, and Responsive Polymer Films
Authors: Alf Mahriah E. , Asatekin Ayse , Barr Miles C. , Baxamusa Salmaan H. , Chelawat Hitesh , Ozaydin‐Ince Gozde , Petruczok Christy D. , Sreenivasan Ramaswamy , Tenhaeff Wyatt E. , Trujillo Nathan J. , Vaddiraju Sreeram , Xu Jingjing , Gleason Karen K.
Published: December 2009

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization utilizes the delivery of vapor‐phase monomers to form chemically well‐defined polymeric films directly on the surface of a substrate. CVD polymers are desirable as conformal surface modification layers exhibiting strong retention of organic functional groups, and, in some cases, are responsive to external stimuli. Traditional wet‐chemical chain‐ and step‐growth mechanisms guide the development of new heterogeneous CVD polymerization techniques. Commonality with inorganic CVD methods facilitates the fabrication of hybrid devices. CVD polymers bridge microfabrication technology with chemical, biological, and nanoparticle systems and assembly. Robust interfaces can be achieved through covalent grafting enabling high‐resolution (60 nm) patterning, even on flexible substrates. Utilizing only low‐energy input to drive selective chemistry, modest vacuum, and room‐temperature substrates, CVD polymerization is compatible with thermally sensitive substrates, such as paper, textiles, and plastics. CVD methods are particularly valuable for insoluble and infusible films, including fluoropolymers, electrically conductive polymers, and controllably crosslinked networks and for the potential to reduce environmental, health, and safety impacts associated with solvents. Quantitative models aid the development of large‐area and roll‐to‐roll CVD polymer reactors. Relevant background, fundamental principles, and selected applications are reviewed.
Laboratory monitoring of new anticoagulants
Authors: Castellone Donna D. , Van Cott Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2009

Maintaining a balance between bleeding and clotting has always been a challenge in treating coagulation disorders. A perturbation in that balance can be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. As a result, anticoagulant monitoring is extremely important, and inappropriate testing may lead to complications. There are now a variety of new anticoagulant drugs in clinical use including several direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as argatroban, bivalirudin, and hirudin, as well as a Factor Xa inhibitor, fondaparinux. There are pitfalls associated with some of the currently used laboratory monitoring tests, and newer alternative laboratory monitoring tests have been investigated (Walenga and Hoppensteadt, Semin Thromb Hemost 2004;30:683–695). In addition, laboratory testing can assist with transitioning patients from DTI to warfarin therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The standing neutral: A ‘real time’ resolution procedure that also can prevent disputes
Authors: Groton James P.
Published: December 2009

Business needs to make more effective use of the standing neutral. The concept of a trusted neutral overseer isn't new, but it's not as well known as it should be, writes James P. Groton, of Atlanta. The mere presence of a standing neutral has an effect on the parties' negotiating stance—frequently heading off conflicts before they blow up. A sample agreement form is provided.
The honor roll: The corporate leadership award donors' list
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: December 2009

The full list of contributors for last month's Corporate Leadership Award Dinner is provided, as well as the remarks on ADR's value to business by the honorees, Dupont's Thomas L. Sager, and Pfizer's Amy W. Schulman.
Texas launches new hurricane insurance mediation program
Authors: Bleemer Russ , Jaffe Erica
Published: December 2009

Riccardo Buizza, of Milan, Italy, updates the status of legislation on new Italian class action and mediation laws. Also: a new Texas‐sponsored hurricane relief mediation program opens.
Worldly perspectives: Syria
Authors: De Palo Giuseppe , Trevor Mary B.
Published: December 2009

The international ADR profile column by Giuseppe De Palo, of Rome, and Mary B. Trevor, of St. Paul, Minn., this month visits Syria. They provide the scoop on internal business and conflict resolution developments that many outsiders don't know about.
Catalytic Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chiral Metal‐Based Complexes that Deliver High Enantioselectivity and More
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Malcolmson Steven J. , Meek Simon J. , Zhugralin Adil R.
Published: December 2009

Chiral olefin metathesis catalysts enable chemists to access enantiomerically enriched small molecules with high efficiency; synthesis schemes involving such complexes can be substantially more concise than those that would involve enantiomerically pure substrates and achiral Mo alkylidenes or Ru‐based carbenes. The scope of research towards design and development of chiral catalysts is not limited to discovery of complexes that are merely the chiral versions of the related achiral variants. A chiral olefin metathesis catalyst, in addition to furnishing products of high enantiomeric purity, can offer levels of efficiency, product selectivity and/or olefin stereoselectivity that are unavailable through the achiral variants. Such positive attributes of chiral catalysts (whether utilized in racemic or enantiomerically enriched form) should be considered as general, applicable to other classes of transformations.
Heterozygosity and mutation rate: evidence for an interaction and its implications
Authors: Amos William
Published: December 2009

If natural selection chose where new mutations occur it might well favour placing them near existing polymorphisms, thereby avoiding disruption of areas that work while adding novelty to regions where variation is tolerated or even beneficial. Such a system could operate if heterozygous sites are recognised and ‘repaired’ during the initial stages of crossing over. Such repairs involve an extra round of DNA replication, providing an opportunity for further mutations, thereby raising the local mutation rate. If so, the changes in heterozygosity that occur when populations grow or shrink could feed back to modulate both the rate and the distribution of mutations. Here, I review evidence from isozymes, microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms that this potential is realised in real populations. I then consider the likely implications, focusing particularly on how these processes might affect microsatellites, concluding that heterozygosity does impact on the rate and distribution of mutations.
Legal, ethical, and methodological considerations in the Internet‐based study of child pornography offenders
Authors: Ray James V. , Kimonis Eva R. , Donoghue Christine
Published: December 2009

With its ever‐growing penetration of remote regions of the world, the Internet provides great opportunity for conducting research. Beyond clear advantages such as increased cost‐effectiveness and efficiency in collecting large samples, Internet‐based research has proven particularly useful in reaching hidden or marginalized populations who engage in illegal or deviant behaviors. However, this new medium for research raises important and complex legal, ethical, and methodological/technological issues that researchers must address, particularly when studying undetected criminal behaviors. The current paper chronicles various issues that were encountered in the implementation of an active Internet‐based pilot research study of child pornography (CP) users. Moreover, this study was undertaken to address a critical gap in the existing research on CP offending, which has to date primarily focused on incarcerated or convicted samples. The Internet provides the optimal medium for studying community populations of CP users, given that it has become the primary market for CP distribution. This paper is designed to serve as a guide for researchers interested in conducting Internet‐based research studies on criminal and sexually deviant populations, particularly CP offenders. Several recommendations are offered based on our own experiences in the implementation of this study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 484: Functional Proteomics, Methods and Protocols. Edited by Julie D. Thompson, Christine Schaeffer‐Reiss and Marius Ueffing.
Authors: Sieber Stephan A.
Published: December 2009

Humana Press, Totowa 2009, 598 pp., hardcover $ 129.00.—ISBN 978‐1‐58829‐971‐0
Au Nanowire–Au Nanoparticles Conjugated System which Provides Micrometer Size Molecular Sensors
Authors: Kang Taejoon , Yoon Ilsun , Kim Jangbae , Ihee Hyotcherl , Kim Bongsoo
Published: December 2009

We report a new type of molecular sensor using a Au nanowire (NW)–Au nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated system. The Au NW–NPs structure is fabricated by the self‐assembly of biotinylated Au NPs on a biotinylated Au NW through avidin; this creates hot spots between NW and NPs that strongly enhance the Raman signal. The number of the Au NPs attached to the NW is reproducibly proportional to the concentration of the avidin, and is also proportional to the measured surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. Since this well‐defined NW–NPs conjugated sensor is only a few micrometer long, we expect that development of multiplex nanobiosensor of a few tens micrometer size would become feasible by combining individually modified multiple Au NWs together on one substrate.
Enhanced Field Electron Emission Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by RF‐PECVD
Authors: Yang Guangmin , Xu Qiang , Wang Xin , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao , Yang Chun Cheng , Li Sean
Published: December 2009

In this work, pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown in‐situ with a variety of carbon allotropes (e.g., carbon nanoonions, nanocones, thin nanotubes, etc.) attached on the surface of the CNTs. The nanostructures of the hybrid carbon materials are characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the structural dependence of field electron emission properties was investigated. It is found that the hybrid CNTs exhibit exotic morphologies having excellent field electron emission properties. These findings provide a simple synthesis method to assemble the carbon nanomaterials and a new insight into the fundamental understanding of high‐performance CNTs towards applications in field‐emission devices.
Applying multiple description coding to enhance the streaming scalability on CDN‐P2P network
Authors: Lin Chow‐Sing , Lee I‐Ting
Published: December 2009

Owing to the wide deployment of broadband networks, information can now be rapidly disseminated all over the world. Only the content of static texts and pictures has not yet met users' demands. Along with the rapid advance of computer‐related technologies, how to efficiently provide multimedia content for a large number of heterogeneous users on the Internet, especially videos, has become a noticeable issue. In this paper, we discuss the adaptation of multiple description coding (MDC) for the loopback buffering mechanism to address the issue of peer heterogeneity on content distribution network–peer to peer (CDN‐P2P) video‐on‐demand systems. Three description selection policies,Ordered,Round‐Robin, andOpen‐Loop‐First(OLF), are studied. In addition, we propose theintra‐description recoveryandinter‐description recoveryto deal with failed peers. The simulation results show that the OLF with loopback‐MDC can significantly reduce the amount of uploading bandwidth of a proxy on CDN‐P2P video‐on‐demand systems, and the inter‐description recovery,sewing, can further effectively recover missing blocks and restore the continuity of a breaking sharing loop among peers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis, Magnetic and Microwave Electromagnetic Properties of Substoichiometric Spinel Cobalt Ferrite Octahedra
Authors: Fan Xi'an , Guan Jianguo , Cao Xiaofen , Wang Wei , Mou Fangzhi
Published: December 2009

Substoichiometric spinel cobalt ferrite octahedra were prepared by using a versatile coprecipitation/air oxidation method in a low‐temperature aqueous system without any surfactants and directing agents. The microstructure, magnetic and microwave electromagnetic properties of the resultant products as functions of the nominal molar ratio [Co2+]/[Fe2+] were investigated. The results show that the [Co2+]/[Fe2+] ratio has a strong influence on the kinetic reaction rate of the coprecipitation/oxidation reaction of Co2+ and Fe2+ and consequently determines the chemical composition, crystal structure and morphology of the resultant products. Substoichiometric spinel cobalt ferrite octahedra of about 150 nm were available at a [Co2+]/[Fe2+] ratio of 1:4, due to the control over the nucleation and selective crystallographic direction growth. Too high [Co2+]/[Fe2+] values significantly accelerate the kinetic rate of copercipiation/oxidation reaction, which results in irregular CoxFe3–xO4 nanoparticles and a decreasing level of Co2+ incorporation in the crystal lattice. The inverse spinel Co0.59Fe2.41O4 octahedra have the largest saturation magnetization, coercivity, complex permittivity and permeability among all the resultant products. This phenomenon, together with the strong resonance behavior of the imaginary permittivity and imaginary permeability for Co0.59Fe2.41O4 octahedra at frequency above 16 GHz, is explained in terms of a correlation with the chemical composition, the Co2+ distribution over tetrahedral and octahedral sites and the incorporation level of Co2+ into the ferrite lattice.
Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics
Authors: Herrero Miguel , García‐Cañas Virginia , Simo Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro
Published: December 2009

The use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by García‐Cañas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294–309). These works include the analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE‐MS, chiral‐CE as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.
Inorganic species analysis by CE – An overview for 2007–2008
Authors: Timerbaev Andrei R.
Published: December 2009

This review article represents the sixth in a series of reviews on CE applied to inorganic analysis, appearing in this journal, and focuses on material published in 2007–2008. As a fundamental review, it examines primarily those documents in which the emphasis is on advances in general CE methodology which are traditionally set on the attainment of higher detection sensitivity and greater preconcentration factors both in capillary and microchip separation formats. Following a major research trend of the previous review period (see A.R. Timerbaev, Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 3420–3425), publications focusing on the quantification of different element species continue to rapidly outpace other applications. A range of practicable separation and detection designs tailor‐made to species‐selective analysis are critically discussed in order to assess their impact on the rate of development and wide acceptance of CE in the field.
Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE
Authors: Poinsot Véréna , Gavard Pierre , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François
Published: December 2009

This article describes the most important articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2007 to May 2009. It follows the format of the previous articles of Smith [Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078–3083], Prata et al. [Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129–4138] and Poinsot et al. [Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047–4062; Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176–194; Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 207–223]. For several years we have presented the new developments in amino acid analysis with CE which describe the use of laser emitting diodes for LIF as well as via MS. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical studies and neuroclinical applications.
Influence of natural ester on thermal aging characteristics of oil–paper in power transformers
Authors: Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin , Sun Caixin , Sun Huigang
Published: December 2009

The cellulosic insulation used in electrical transformers was aged in mineral oil and natural ester to investigate the influence of oil type on the thermal aging properties of oil–paper. Accelerated aging tests were conducted at three different temperatures and the degree of polymerization (DP) of insulation paper was measured to indicate the extent of aging of the paper. Various aging characteristics in oil, i.e., furfural, CO, CO2, water concentration, and oil acidity, were measured during the aging processes. Kinetic models of cellulose degradation in mineral oil and natural ester were established. The correlations between DP and various aging by‐products were also included in our investigation. The results indicate that paper degraded at a significantly faster rate in mineral oil than in natural ester. A leveling off degree of polymerization (LODP) was observed during the thermal aging process. Once the LODP was reached, the aging rate became very slow. Paper impregnated with natural ester has a higher LODP than paper impregnated with mineral oil, so that a longer time is needed to reach its end‐of‐life (DP ≈ 250). In addition, the content of degradation by‐products of insulation paper aged in natural ester was very different from that aged in conventional transformer oil. Thus special attention must be paid when applying conventional diagnostic criteria to aging of composite insulation impregnated with natural ester. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge‐for‐action theories in evaluation: Knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and translation
Authors: Ottoson Judith M.
Published: December 2009

Five knowledge‐for‐action theories are summarized and compared in this chapter for their evaluation implications: knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and translation. Usually dispersed across multiple fields and disciplines, these theories are gathered here for a common focus on knowledge and change. Knowledge in some form (ideas, innovation, skills, or policy) moves in some direction (laterally, hierarchically, spreads, or exchanges) among various stakeholders (knowledge producers, end users, or intermediaries) and contexts (national, community, or organizational) to achieve some outcomes (intended benefits, unanticipated outcomes, or hijacked effects). Although rooted in different disciplines, sensitive to different key indicators, and following different process paths, these theories individually and collectively provide multiple lenses on the evaluation of complex interventions. A table compares key theory points of disciplinary roots, type of knowledge, movement of knowledge, contextual influences, and the added lens of each theory. These lenses are used to analyze the set of theories for evaluation implications. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge utilization: Implications for evaluation
Authors: Blake Sarah C. , Ottoson Judith M.
Published: December 2009

Knowledge utilization is a field crossing many sectors, from agriculture, since the 1920s, to health care today. Evaluators have made long‐standing contributions to understanding knowledge utilization. Different models or ways to think about knowledge utilization have evolved to reflect different perspectives, contexts, and stages of the process, from knowledge creation to the use of effectiveness results in policymaking. The rich interdisciplinary history of this field challenges evaluators to interrogate what knowledge (really) means within a policy or program—whether knowledge is being used more symbolically, rhetorically, or tactically, for example. Differences in program or policy effectiveness across different program sites might result from different types of knowledge use in those sites. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Policy implementation: Implications for evaluation
Authors: DeGroff Amy , Cargo Margaret
Published: December 2009

Policy implementation reflects a complex change process where government decisions are transformed into programs, procedures, regulations, or practices aimed at social betterment. Three factors affecting contemporary implementation processes are explored: networked governance, sociopolitical context and the democratic turn, and new public management. This frame of reference invites evaluators to consider challenges present when evaluating macrolevel change processes, such as the inherent complexity of health and social problems, multiple actors with variable degrees of power and influence, and a political environment that emphasizes accountability. The evaluator requires a deep and cogent understanding of the health or social issues involved; strong analysis and facilitation skills to deal with a multiplicity of values, interests, and agendas; and a comprehensive toolbox of evaluation approaches and methods, including network analysis to assess and track the interconnectedness of key champions (and saboteurs) who might affect intervention effects and sustainability. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge translation: Implications for evaluation
Authors: Davison Colleen M.
Published: December 2009

Translation theory originates in the field of applied linguistics and communication. The term knowledge translation has been adopted in health and other fields to refer to the exchange, synthesis, and application of knowledge. The logic model is a circular or iterative loop among various knowledge translation actors (knowledge producers and users) with translation activities evolving and occurring at various stages. Successful knowledge translation depends on the engagement of the target audience, as well as using the knowledge to inform decisions and have a positive influence on health outcomes. Understanding this alerts the evaluator to how to maximize the likely usefulness and sustainability of their evaluation research with local stakeholders. It also invites evaluators to help appreciate why programs have the short‐ and long‐term effects that they have, particularly any unintended or unexpected program outcomes that might have otherwise been puzzling. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge theories can inform evaluation practice: What can a complexity lens add?
Authors: Hawe Penelope , Bond Lyndal , Butler Helen
Published: December 2009

Programs and policies invariably contain new knowledge. Theories about knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and knowledge translation theories illuminate some mechanisms of change processes. But more often than not, when it comes to understanding patterns about change processes, “the foreground” is privileged more than “the background.” The foreground is the knowledge or technology tied up with the product or program that prompted the evaluation. The background is the ongoing dynamics of the context into which the knowledge is inserted. Complex adaptive system thinking encourages greater attention to this context and the interactions and consequences that result from the intervention, making these the forefront of attention. For the evaluator, there are implications of this shift in thinking. Process evaluations should be designed to capture the fluidity of the change process. Impact and outcome evaluations will require long time frames. Complex adaptive system thinking also encourages multilevel measures, a focus on structures, and capacity to assess the possibility of whole system transformation (whole school, whole organization) as a result of the newly introduced program or policy. For the people involved in the innovation, there is a corresponding shift from a focus on their knowledge (and competence) to assessment of their learning (and system‐level capability). New ways to interpret fidelity in these situations should therefore be developed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
A Computational Framework for Patient‐Specific Analysis of Articular Cartilage Incorporating Structural Information from DT‐MRI
Authors: Pierce David M. , Trobin Werner , Holzapfel Gerhard A.
Published: December 2009

Accurate techniques for simulating sof t biological tissue deformation are an increasingly valuable tool in many areas of biomechanical analysis and medical image computing. To model the morphology and the material response of human articular cartilage a phenomenological and patient‐specific simulation approach incorporating the collagen fibre fabric is proposed. We then demonstrate a unique combination of ultra‐high field Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (17.6T DT‐MRI) and a novel numerical approach incorporating the empirical data to predict the collagen fibre fabric deformation for an indentation experiment (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Computational Approach on the Osseointegration of Bone Implants Based on a Bio‐Active Interface Theory
Authors: Lutz André , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: December 2009

In this presentation an integrated approach on the simulation of osseointegration in the boneimplant interface is outlined. Besides the consistent combination of computational bone remodelling simulation and established medical imaging techniques, a new model refinement in terms of a bioactive interface theory is introduced, which enables the simulation of bone ingrowth in rough coated uncemented implants. Under consideration of seven physiological loads of daily motion the bone‐implant relative micromotion in a soft tissue region around the endoprosthesis is investigated. As the micromotions are an important factor for osseointegration, because excessive micromotion leads to apposition of fibrous tissue, they are considered for the simulation of osseointegration. Results for different parameter constellations, regarding thickness and stiffness of bone‐implant interface layer, are compared and the ingrowth for different configurations is predicted. With these results conclusions can be made about the stability of prosthesis in the host bone, which is an important factor for the clinical success of the treatment (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Friction‐Induced Vibration of Artificial Hip Joints
Authors: Weiss Cornelius , Hothan Arne , Morlock Michael , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: December 2009

A hip replacement system is analysed with respect to its susceptibility to friction induced vibrations under laboratory conditions and in a pseudo‐in vivo setup. The method of complex eigenvalue extraction within the framework of finite‐element modelling and analysis is used to identify the geometric properties and system parameters that might lead to unstable sliding states. The approach presented reveals negatively damped eigenmodes for both the pseudoin vivo setup and the not‐implanted system under laboratory conditions without boundary conditions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Disability Pension: A Cohort Study of Construction Workers in Germany
Authors: Claessen Heiner , Brenner Hermann , Drath Christoph , Arndt Volker
Published: December 2009

Given the accumulating evidence that gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) is not merely a sensitive marker for liver and bile disorders but also a risk marker for a multiplicity of other chronic diseases, γ-GT may represent a promising risk indicator for occupational disability, which has emerged as an important public health problem. The association between γ-GT and disability pension was examined in a cohort of 16,520 male construction workers in Württemberg, Germany, who participated in routine occupational health examinations from 1986 to 1992 and who were followed until 2005. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, hazard ratios were calculated with γ-GT concentrations in the lowest quartile (1 to 24 U/L) as reference category after adjustment for age and further adjustment for potential confounding factors such as nationality, type of occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI). Overall, a monotonically increasing association of γ-GT with all-cause disability pension (total number: n = 2,998 cases) was observed, with the steepest increase at lower levels of γ-GT. Particularly strong associations were observed for participants in the highest quartile (>67 U/L) and disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders, diseases of the digestive system, and cardiovascular as well as mental diseases (age-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals: 1.53, 1.27–1.85; 9.68, 3.10–30.21; 1.76, 1.28–2.42; and 1.83, 1.23–2.72, respectively).

Conclusion:

γ-GT is a strong risk indicator of all-cause occupational disability even at levels of γ-GT in the “normal range” and is in particular associated with disability pension due to diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular, and mental diseases. (Hepatology 2009.)
An application of the combinatorial Nullstellensatz to a graph labelling problem
Authors: Hefetz Dan , Saluz Annina , Tran Huong T. T.
Published: December 2009

An antimagic labelling of a graph G with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges of G to the set of integers {1,…,m}, such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it admits an antimagic labelling. In N. Hartsfield and G. Ringle, Pearls in Graph Theory, Academic Press, Inc., Boston, 1990, Ringel has conjectured that every simple connected graph, other than K2, is antimagic. In this article, we prove a special case of this conjecture. Namely, we prove that if G is a graph on n=pk vertices, where p is an odd prime and k is a positive integer that admits a Cp‐factor, then it is antimagic. The case p=3 was proved in D. Hefetz, J Graph Theory 50 (2005), 263–272. Our main tool is the combinatorial Nullstellensatz [N. Alon, Combin Probab Comput 8(1–2) (1999), 7–29]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 70–82, 2010.
IPCC and palaeoclimate – an evolving story?
Authors: Caseldine Chris J. , Turney Chris , Long Antony J.
Published: December 2009

The introductory comments to the Special Issue: IPCC and palaeoclimate, concentrate on considering how the role of palaeoclimate research has evolved over the two decades of IPCC Reports. There have been significant changes in the nature and prominence of palaeoclimate research examined with the Fourth Assessment Report (FAR) representing a major step in giving such research a high profile. The implications of this for future palaeoclimate research are briefly reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma type, gender, and risk of PTSD in a region within an area of conflict
Authors: Yasan Aziz , Saka Gunay , Ozkan Mustafa , Ertem Meliksah
Published: December 2009

The relation between trauma type, gender, and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still remains unclear. The authors investigated the association among gender and trauma type and risk of PTSD among people living within an area of conflict. Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms among 708 participants were assessed. It was determined that more men (53%) were exposed to traumatic events than women (44%). They also found no difference in PTSD prevalence according to gender. However, the authors found that there was a different risk of PTSD among men and women who experienced similar traumatic events: the risk of PTSD for those who experienced military conflict was higher among men than it was among women.
Luminescent Mechanochromic Sensors Based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Excimer‐Forming p‐Phenylene Vinylene Dyes
Authors: Lott Joseph , Weder Christoph
Published: December 2009

Cyano‐substituted excimer‐forming oligo(phenylene vinylene) dyes (cyano‐OPVs) with terminal alkyl tails of different length were blended with two fluorinated host polymers with similar chemical composition but differing crystallinity. These blends were used to fabricate luminogenic mechanochromic thin films, which change their emission color upon deformation. The alkyl tails affect the solubility of the chromophores in the polymer matrix and lead to different aggregation properties; this is of importance because the mechanochromic fluorescence color change of the blends is related to the self‐assembly of the excimer‐forming dye in the unperturbed polymer matrix, and the dispersion of the dye aggregates upon deformation. Besides the length of the solubilizing tails, the dye concentration has an important influence on the aggregate size, which is crucial to creating a mechanochromic response, since the dye aggregates must be small enough to be dispersed during the deformation process. In‐situ opto‐mechanical measurements have shown that the mechanochromic effect occurs primarily during plastic deformation and that the mechanically induced dispersion of the dye aggregates becomes more pronounced as the crystallinity of the matrix polymer increases.

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