bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treaty No. 9 and the Question of “Unceded” Land South of the Albany River in Subarctic Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tsuji Stephen R.J. , Tsuji Leonard J.S.
Published: October 2021

The James Bay Treaty-Treaty No. 9 was unique among the numbered treaties of Canada in that there was a need for the concurrence of the Province of Ontario. Last-minute negotiations by the Dominion of Canada to gain said concurrence led to an agreement with the Province of Ontario, and this agreement became part of the Treaty No. 9 package at Ontario’s insistence. However, since the agreement was not executed until after the Treaty No. 9 expedition had left for the field, an incomplete Treaty No. 9 package that lacked the agreement was presented to and signed by the First Nation groups in 1905. Furthermore, spaces had been left in the vellum copies of Treaty No. 9 and the agreement to add in the date of the agreement when fully executed. In the spaces that were left for this purpose, the date of the agreement was backdated to 3 July. This act of deception was suggested by the Treasurer of the Government of Ontario, A. Matheson in order to date of the agreement earlier than the date in the Treaty. Thus, the common law legality of the Treaty No. 9 package must be questioned, especially since officials of the Governments of Canada and Ontario left documentation of their deception. Without the agreement being attached as specified in the Treaty No. 9 document that left Ottawa in 1905, consideration of the terms of the agreement by the First Nation signatories of the treaty could not have occurred prior to signing. It follows that there exists a question of whether the land south of the Albany River was ever ceded in Treaty No. 9 from a common law perspective, unless documentation can be presented indicating that the complete Treaty No. 9 package was presented to the First Nation signatories; the written record indicates otherwise. In the end, the courts will have to decide the legality of Treaty No. 9 from a common law perspective.
Residu Antibiotik Serta Keberadaan Escherichia Coli Penghasil ESBL pada Daging Ayam Broiler di Pasar Kota Purwokerto
Authors: Widhi Anriani Puspita Karunia Ning , Saputra Imam Nafi Yana
Published: October 2021

Latar belakang: Pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan asal ternak yang berasal dari unggas memiliki angka konsumsi yang cukup tinggi salah satunya yaitu ayam broiler. Untuk memenuhi tingginya permintaan terhadap ayam broiler pada pakandiberifeed additiveserta antibiotic growth promotor (AGP) dalam bentuk antibiotik untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan dan daya tahan tubuh. Pemanfaatan antibiotik yang tidak bijak akan menimbulkan residu antibiotik serta resistensi Escherichia coli penghasil Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL).Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil screeningtest. Data ditunjukkan dalam tabel dangambar yang dibahas secara deskriptif. Variabel yang diamati residu antibiotik tetrasiklin serta E. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler.Hasil: Temuan terhadap residu antibiotik tetrasiklin pada daging ayam broiler yaitu sebesar 7,14% dengan rerata zona hambat 12,13 mm, sedangkan hasil identifikasi E. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler diperoleh hasil sebesar 71,4%.Simpulan:Residu antibiotik tetrasiklin dalam daging ayam broiler masih tergolong aman dapat dikonsumsi namun, temuanE. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, baik bagi kesehatan hewan maupun manusia, serta dapat menimbulkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. ABSTRACT Title: Broiler Chicken Meat Sold at Purwokerto's Market Has Antibiotic Residues and Escherichia Coli That Produces EsblBackground: Poultry, of which broiler chickens are one example, is a food source with a relatively high consumption rate.Feed additives and antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the form of antibiotics in the ration are given to increase broilers’ growth and endurance to meet the high demand for them. It is important to note that unwise antibiotic use results in the buildup of antibiotic residues and resistance to the Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase(ESBL)produced by Escherichia coli bacterium.Method: To collect primary data for this descriptive study, the screening test results were employed as a starting point. Next, the information was presented in the form of tables and figures.Result: According to this study, broiler chickens had a tetracycline residue of 7.14 percent, with an inhibitory zone mean of 12.13 mm, and 71.4 percent of ESBL-producing E. coli.Conclusion:According to the study, broiler chicken meat with tetracycline residue is still safe to consume. E. coli, which is known to develop an antibiotic-resistant strain of E. coli ESBL) can cause serious health problems in both humans and animals.
“Reminisces of a Dead World”: Neoclassical Impulses in Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge
Authors: Faulkenberry Andrew
Published: October 2021

In the years following World War II, integral serialist composers declared their intent to defy all previous musical conventions and eradicate all “rem-inisces of a dead world” from their music. Karlheinz Stockhausen was no exception, asserting his desire “to avoid everything which is familiar, generally known or reminiscent of music already composed.” However, Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge, de-spite its reputation for technical innovation, bears a strong connection to prior musical traditions. In this regard, Stockhausen resembled the neoclassical school of composers that sought to accommodate antiquated musical materials within a modern con-text.To demonstrate these similarities, I apply to Gesang a model of neoclassicism developed by Martha M. Hyde, a scholar on twentieth-century mu-sic. Hyde identifies two modes by which a neoclassi-cal piece “accommodates antiquity”: metamorphic anachronism and allegory. I argue both are present in Gesang. First, Stockhausen adopts elements of the sacred vocal tradition—including a child’s voice and antiphonal writing—and morphs them into something modern. Second, Stockhausen uses the Biblical story on which Gesang is based as an alle-gory for his own conflicted relationship with the mu-sical past. This analysis reframes Gesang’s signifi-cance and connects Stockhausen’s work to seem-ingly unrelated trends in twentieth-century musical thought.
Reimagining urban success: rhythms of activity at Gabii, 800 BC–AD 600
Authors: Samuels J. Troy , Cohen Sheira , Johnson Tyler , Moses Victoria , Naglak Matthew , Opitz Rachel , Banducci Laura , D'Acri Mattia , Motta Laura , Rittershaus Alison , Stewart Eddie
Published: October 2021

The ancient city of Gabii—an Italian polity of the first millennium BC and a peer to early Rome—has often been presented as an example of urban decline, a counterpoint to Rome's rise from a collection of hilltop huts to a Mediterranean hegemon. Here the authors draw on the results from recent excavations at Gabii that challenge such simplistic models of urban history. Diachronic evidence documenting activity at the site over the course of 1400 years highlights shifting values and rhythms materialised in the maintenance, transformation and abandonment of different urban components. This complex picture of adaptation and resilience provides a model of ancient urbanism that calls into question outdated narratives of urban success and failure.
Glycine Release Is Potentiated by cAMP via EPAC2 and Ca2+Stores in a Retinal Interneuron
Authors: Meadows Marc A. , Balakrishnan Veeramuthu , Wang Xiaohan , von Gersdorff Henrique
Published: October 2021

Neuromodulation via the intracellular second messenger cAMP is ubiquitous at presynaptic nerve terminals. This modulation of synaptic transmission allows exocytosis to adapt to stimulus levels and reliably encode information. The AII amacrine cell (AII-AC) is a central hub for signal processing in the mammalian retina. The main apical dendrite of the AII-AC is connected to several lobular appendages that release glycine onto OFF cone bipolar cells and ganglion cells. However, the influence of cAMP on glycine release is not well understood. Using membrane capacitance measurements from mouse AII-ACs to directly measure exocytosis, we observe that intracellular dialysis of 1 mmcAMP enhances exocytosis without affecting the L-type Ca2+current. Responses to depolarizing pulses of various durations show that the size of the readily releasable pool of vesicles nearly doubles with cAMP, while paired-pulse depression experiments suggest that release probability does not change. Specific agonists and antagonists for exchange protein activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) revealed that the cAMP-induced enhancement of exocytosis requires EPAC2 activation. Furthermore, intact Ca2+stores were also necessary for the cAMP potentiation of exocytosis. Postsynaptic recordings from OFF cone bipolar cells showed that increasing cAMP with forskolin potentiated the frequency of glycinergic spontaneous IPSCs. We propose that cAMP elevations in the AII-AC lead to a robust enhancement of glycine release through an EPAC2 and Ca2+store signaling pathway. Our results thus contribute to a better understanding of how AII-AC crossover inhibitory circuits adapt to changes in ambient luminance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalian retina operates over a wide dynamic range of light intensities and contrast levels. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of processed visual information, both excitatory and inhibitory synapses within the retina must modulate their gain in synaptic transmission to adapt to different levels of ambient light. Here we show that increases of cAMP concentration within AII amacrine cells produce enhanced exocytosis from these glycinergic interneurons. Therefore, we propose that light-sensitive neuromodulators may change the output of glycine release from AII amacrine cells. This novel mechanism may fine-tune the amount of tonic and phasic synaptic inhibition received by bipolar cell terminals and, consequently, the spiking patterns that ganglion cells send to the upstream visual areas of the brain.
The global context of land market liberalization in Ukraine: opportunities and risks for rural development
Authors:   Razumkov Centre, Sidenko Volodymyr ,   SI "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: October 2021

The article considers various global factors influencing rural development under the conditions of liberalization of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The author assesses the impact of global processes and global capital on the development of national farms, income distribution, access to land resources, production processes and equitable development in this country. It is proved that globalization, leading to increased concentration of agri-food production and business and expanding the role of large transnationalized corporations, is primarily aimed at exploiting the country’s existing comparative advantages, rather than increasing them, and promotes, in many recipient countries, a model of double economy split in the technological and socio-economic dimensions into qualitatively heterogeneous sectors. The author concludes that although global factors of agricultural production may have a relatively positive impact in macroeconomic terms, the dominance of multinational (transnational) companies, large exporting companies and financially powerful sovereign welfare funds in the market may create risks and threats of crowding out Ukrainian farmers from the market and blocking the sustainable development of rural areas. At the same time, Ukraine's agricultural sector will be transformed into a raw-material link of global food production chains dominated by large transnationalized entities, and a kind of raw-material enclave of transnationalized production will be created within the Ukrainian economy. The article argues that in today's global economy, where cardinal transformations are taking place and uncertainty is growing, land will become an increasingly valuable asset, attractive not only to agricultural producers but also to land speculators and those who try to maintain the value of their assets under the conditions of growing global risks. Under such conditions, investment in land will not at all necessarily contribute to the development of agricultural production, because speculative capital in the face of widespread expectations of a long and significant upward trend in land prices will prevail over productive agricultural capital. In general, this might lead to a significant increase in the cost of agricultural production and food prices. The author proves that the liberalization of the land market leads to increased risks of transfer of the control over Ukraine’s land resources to foreigners (sovereign financial funds and major international corporations), given their dramatic advantage by available financial resources for land acquisition, compared to those possessed by Ukraine’s residents. The article substantiates a set of policy measures and national policy instruments necessary to minimize the risks associated with the introduction (in the context of globalization) of free purchase and sale of agricultural land, which comply with the regulation principles of the European Union.
Formation of institutional structural determinants of endogenous influence on the level of gross saving in Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution ", Kriuchkova Iryna ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes domestic institutional structural determinants of gross saving (GS) in Ukraine in order to identify the causes of the critical decline in GS and, accordingly, in gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in 2019-2021. The diagnosis was made based on indicators of annual and quarterly national accounts of Ukraine with the definition of positive and negative factors influencing GS by institutional sectors, as well as subsectors of nonfinancial corporations and households. This approach made it possible to reveal the hidden causes of the decline in gross saving in Ukraine, as well as the decline in GS capitalization and the deep investment crisis in 2020. The author shows that the shock tariff increase in 2015 provoked a significant redistribution of income and savings between the institutional sectors and their subsectors. It is found that of all structural determinants, fluctuations in the level of GS in the subsector of private nonfinancial corporations are most affected by the changes in the share of gross operating surplus, (GOS) and by the large-scale outflow of financial resources through the property income channel, which varies closely depending on the growth of borrowing. These fluctuations are also affected by zero and abrupt cycles in raising the minimum wage. At the same time, it is proved that the inconsistency of the government's tariff and social policies created a two-fold gap between the statutory social standards and their actual level, which led to significant decline in living standards, especially for the recipients of property income and transfer incoms, turning them into chronic negative borrowers with negative gross saving. This had a negative impact on the GS of the whole household sector. Deepening the analysis to the level of GS structural determinants of the households subsectors shows that the high levels of GS in the subsector of self-employed workers and the subsector of employers do not correspond to the low levels of their gross fixed capital formation, i.e. a significant share of GS of these subsectors does not become a full source of national investment. The author outlines the directions for desired changes in the structural determinants of endogenous impact on the GS level in the household sector and proposes a number of government measures that could positively affect the distribution of income between the institutional sectors and subsectors and, accordingly, the level of GS.
Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Sosial Berbasis Al-qur’an
Authors: Salamah. S Amelia
Published: October 2021

This research produces a social character education concept based on the Koran, and reveals a form of character education theory called social humanism, theomorphic character education theory, which is a theory that describes the existence of education for human social characters that cannot be separated from God's guidance in Al-Qur'an, namely educating human social character such as: 1. التدارج / do gradually which continues to increase continuously, 2. تعارف / know each other; 3. تفاهم / understand each other; 4. تعاون / participate each other; 5. تكافل / support each other; 6. تسامح / tolerance; 7. تام / positive thinking and humans are given the opportunity to follow it with all the consequences in every activity of life. In addition, this study also concludes that the essence of character education in Indonesia, especially in the 2013 education curriculum (kurtilas), is to educate religious character, love for the country, intellectuality, and reveal that it contains social characters. This research is equipped with an implementation model as a medium of delivery to students which is called the "Social Piety" model. This qualitative research also uses the method of interpretation of the Koran - the method of interpretation of Al-Maudhu'i -, both methods are used to observe letters and verses of the Koran which contain social characters, then visualize them in various ways. form figures and tables
Psikologi Kehamilan Dalam Perspektif Al-qur’an
Authors: Nurhayati Eneng
Published: October 2021

The conclusion from the dissertation is that the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an perspective can be understood as a science that studies the behavior of women at the time of pregnancy until birth in building a mentall powers and patterns in harmony with herself, with husband, family member, community, environment and with Allah. In the Qur’an, the psychological discussion of pregnancy covers the turmoil of emotion such as sad, happy. Also, the subject of psychology deals with the senses of the body. Pregnancy psychology, which relates to several biological changes, leads to both intrinsic and extrinsic and the stres due to adjustments to a social pressure. The suppression of stres includes aspects of both the supporting role of the family, and the pregnant women herself, the husband and even the health-care worker. The dissertation also discovered the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an, which talks about grief, joy , fear and worry, and so the author found some things related to the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an such as: The psychology of the mentally related pregnancy of feelings. The senses and the body, and the mind. And the Desire. This dissertation shares similarity of opinion to Chrissie P, Kaponda. (1996). Descamps, (2014), Deave T, Crowther, Angelica Y. Matos-Rios, (1995) Lori n; Rhodes,  Osborne (2001) Nicole Kom-valdina (2012) Jeanne Rodier. Weber (1991). Nasaruddin Umar (2014), M. Darwis Hude, (2006), Nur Arfiyah Pebriani (2014) Fatma syilfana Dewi harahap (2015) who all share the same view that a pregnant woman has an emotional change in the birth of the unborn baby in her womb. The method used in this research is a qualitative and interview method using the maudhu 'i interpretation method. And the data used in this research is obtained through the library research. The steps in this study go through three steps of reading and exploring primary or secondary literature and then analyzing the data with an analistic descriptive framework, ultimately coming to conclusions based on the design and purpose of the research.
Membentuk Karakter Melalui Moderasi Beragama Dengan Pendekatan Huruf Hijaiyah
Authors: Mahfudzi Mahfudzi
Published: October 2021

Studying the Science of Religion has different characteristics and levels of difficulty from studying general science, because studying the Science of Religion does not only emphasize mastery of material/cognitive/IQ alone, but it must also be able to instill attitudes of Spiritual/SQ intelligence and Emotional intelligence (EQ) simultaneously. Therefore, religious knowledge claimants must be able and willing to plan and formulate effective and efficient learning strategies and models so as to be able to shape spiritual attitudes and social attitudes.The reality is that learning Religion is carried out repeatedly starting from elementary school and equivalent, junior high school and equivalent, high school and up to tertiary level, but the knowledge is sometimes not in line with his actions, in other terms it is often referred to as intellectual arrogance. which is a self-righteous attitude. Therefore it is necessary to inculcate a creative and innovative attitude from someone to study the science of religion to its roots in order to improve the learning outcomes of religious knowledge which can provide an explanation of the meaningfulness of religious knowledge in daily life or religious moderation
Efektivitas Program Televisi Terhadap Perkembangan Komunikasi Orang Tua Pada Anak
Authors: Rewira Andi Edwin , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This Research is motivated by the lack of communication between childrn and parents which has an impact on the occurrence of obstacles to the moral development of the child. This phenomenon is the effect of the advancement of mass media and the lack of attention from parents to their children. In response to this, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the inhibiting factors of parent-child communication. thus, a solution to the existing problem will be obtained. In order to achieve these objectives in this study used qualitative-descriptive research methods with literature studies. The results of this study obtained data and fact about the negative effects caused by the mass media on the communcation relationship between children and parents as a result of the lack of parental attention to children in accessing mass media
Pengaruh Negatif di Era Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Pada Remaja (Perspektif Pendidikan Islam)
Authors: Kurnia Lita , Edwar Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The development of information and communication technology can no longer be avoided. Because with the information and communication technology, a person's life will feel easier. One can send messages easily, send and search for information quickly and easily. But behind these conveniences, it is necessary to pay attention to what are the negative impacts of information and communication technology on teenagers, especially teenagers today. In this era of information and communication technology, every effort and activity as well as deliberate action to achieve a goal must have the right foundation for a good and strong footing. Islamic religious education as an effort to shape human beings, must have a basis on which all activities and all formulation of the goals of Islamic education are linked. Islamic religious education in overcoming the negative influence of the era of information and communication technology on adolescents is the main educators for parents or the community who provide Islamic religious knowledge to adolescents so that they can fortify themselves in behaving, thinking, and acting in accordance with the provisions laid down. ordained by Allah SWT. for the safety of his life. According to the research title, this research is qualitative. Qualitative research is research that uses a natural setting in order to interpret phenomena that occur and is carried out with the intention of interpreting existing phenomena and is carried out by involving various existing methods, while the methods that are usually used are interviews, observation, and use of documents.
Comparación morfo-agronómica y molecular de catorce variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) con las líneas que dieron su origen
Authors: Rodriguez-Betancourth Lenin Alonso , Quintero Constanza , Cuásquer Juan , Graterol Eduardo , García Davila Mario , Cruz-Gallego Maribel
Published: October 2021

Con el objetivo de determinar las diferencias morfo-agronómicas y de calidad, y la diversidad genética entre 14 variedades de arroz de América Latina con sus respectivas líneas de origen, se estableció un estudio (Bloques completos al azar, con 28 genotipos, tres repeticiones y dos siembras en el tiempo), en el cual se midieron 25 variables morfo-agronómicas y de calidad de grano. El análisis molecular se hizo mediante un arreglo de 96 marcadores tipo SNP de alta capacidad de discriminación para arroces Indica. El análisis estadístico se hizo combinando los datos de las dos siembras porque no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre ellas. Además, se analizaron en conjunto los datos moleculares con los morfo-agronómicos y de calidad, usando el índice de Gower para generar una matriz de similitud. Mediante el programa SAS se analizaron los datos agronómicos y moleculares tanto en forma independiente como en conjunto. Los resultados mostraron que, de las 14 variedades, ocho se agruparon con su línea de origen y hubo una variedad que se agrupó con una línea hermana de su ancestro. Los resultados fueron consistentes cuando el análisis de datos se hizo independientemente o combinado. Dada la amplia diversidad encontrada dentro de las variedades y que ninguna fue homocigota al 100 % no se pudieron establecer los perfiles genéticos distintivos de ellas, por lo que se debe hacer la purificación de las variedades para establecer su huella genética.
Blood cell morphology and leukocyte differential of Morelet’s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) (Crocodylidae)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cervantes Adrián , Ahuja-Aguirre Concepción del Carmen , López-deBuen Lorena , Viveros-Peredo Sergio Alberto
Published: October 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of peripheral blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes) and the leukocyte differential count (heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, azurophils) of captive Morelet’s crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from Veracruz, Mexico. Peripheral blood from 80 apparently healthy farmed crocodiles (39 subadults [19 females, 20 males] and 41 adults [18 females, 23 males]) was examined for morphology through stained blood smears and manual count was used for the leukocyte differential. Blood was collected during the non-breeding (n = 42) and breeding (n = 38) seasons. Blood examination indicated similar morphological characteristics of blood cells in subadult and adult individuals and in females and males in both seasons. Erythrocytes were the largest blood cells and lymphocytes the smallest. The leukocyte differential count showed that lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes and basophils the least numerous. The percentages of some leukocytes showed difference by season (non-breeding and breeding) in subadult and adult males (p < 0.05) and by size (subadults and adults) in males and females but only in the non-breeding season (p < 0.05). The leukocytes that showed the greatest variation were lymphocytes, heterophils and eosinophils. The knowledge of blood cell morphology and the leukocyte differential count in healthy farmed Morelet’s crocodiles will allow the accurate diagnosis of some diseases of captive and wild individuals.
Diversidad de hepáticas epífitas (Marchantiophyta) del sector Suasie en el Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza.
Authors: Estepa Ruiz Marco Tulio , Campos Salazar Laura Victoria
Published: October 2021

Los briófitos forman un grupo conspicuo de la flora del planeta. Su contribución ecológica en términos de riqueza de especies y cobertura en muchos hábitats es fundamental para el equilibrio de los servicios ecosistémicos. En Colombia se tiene el registro aproximado de 715 especies de Marchantiophyta (hepáticas), las cuales presentan su mayor riqueza en la región Andina. El estudio se realizó en el Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza - sector Suasie dada su importancia ecológica e hídrica para los municipios aledaños. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de la comunidad de hepáticas en el sector de Suasie del PNN Chingaza. Para ello, se hicieron tres levantamientos en transectos de 2x50 m en un gradiente altitudinal, en cada transecto se muestrearon las hepáticas presentes en cuatro forófitos escogidos al azar. Las muestras recolectadas fueron identificadas para el análisis de composición y diversidad de la comunidad. Como resultado, fue posible evidenciar la variación de la composición y abundancia de hepáticas a lo largo del gradiente, basados no solo en los índices estimados, sino también en la asociación con la cobertura vegetal de cada sitio de muestreo. Con un total de 47 especies registradas, se soporta la alta diversidad del sector en estudio. De esta manera, la riqueza encontrada en este gradiente aporta a las actuales y futuras estrategias de conservación del parque.
Ambystoma mexicanum, a model organism in developmental biology and regeneration: a colombian experience
Authors: Hincapie Agudelo Melisa , Carbonell Medina Belfran Alcides , Arenas Gómez Claudia Marcela , Delgado Jean Paul
Published: October 2021

Ambystoma mexicanum is a urodele amphibian endemic to Xochimilco Lake in Mexico, it belongs to the salamander family Ambystomatidae. This species has frequently been used as model organism in developmental biology and regeneration laboratories around the world due to its broad regenerative capacities and adaptability to laboratory conditions. In this review we describe the establishment of the first colony of axolotls in Colombia to study tissue regeneration and our perspectives on the use A. mexicanum as a model organism in Colombia are discussed emphasizing its possible uses in regeneration and developmental biology
Detección por PCR de Haemoproteus archilochus en Amazilia tzacatl (Trochilidae) en Colombia
Authors: Duarte Moreno Angie Nurien , Villamizar Escalante Daniela , Rondón González Fernando
Published: October 2021

La infección causada por haemosporidios en colibríes no ha sido estudiada en zonas agroforestales o urbanas de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes en el departamento de Santander, pese a existir evidencia de esta en otros grupos de aves. Con el fin de detectar e identificar los parásitos causales de infecciones por haemosporidios, se tomaron muestras de sangre de la vena yugular de colibríes en seis localidades.  La presencia de infección se llevó a cabo por PCR y la identificación de los parásitos se hizo a partir de secuencias del gen mitocondrial Citocromo b (Cyt b).  Se obtuvieron 86 muestras de sangre de 20 especies de colibríes.  La prevalencia de infección en general fue del 43 % y en el 18 % de las muestras infectadas del colibrí Amazilia colirufa (Amazilia tzacatl) se identificaron secuencias de Haemoproteus archilochus correspondientes al linaje HUMHA4.  Se reporta por primera vez para Colombia la presencia de H. archilochus en A. tzacatl, por medio de técnicas de biología molecular. Este parásito podría estar implicado en la haemoproteosis de colibríes en el país.
Fragmentación urbana y metropolización del Vallé de Aburrá. El caso del municipio de La Estrella
Authors: Lozano Gómez Juan David
Published: October 2021

La metropolización de las ciudades latinoamericanas en el contexto capitalista está determinada por procesos de fragmentación urbana que son propios de la expansión física, económica y social de las ciudades. El presente artículo indaga sobre el funcionamiento metropolitano del sur de Medellín y del Valle de Aburrá, a partir de una aproximación desde las escalas periférica, local y municipal, que permite entender la estructura fragmentada del territorio como parte de un esquema de producción de ciudad basada en la diferenciación de fragmentos y la segregación socioespacial. De esta manera, la focalización en el municipio de La Estrella ejemplifica las formas en las cuales opera la fragmentación metropolitana en la periferia, como parte de un proceso contradictorio en la producción del espacio.
Sobreendeudamiento y ajuste habitacional por créditos hipotecarios. La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Losano Gabriel
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo analiza cómo los créditos hipotecarios ajustables a la inflación, que comenzaron a partir de abril del 2016 en Argentina, llevaron a una nueva forma de restricción en el acceso a la vivienda, e intercedieron en su distribución urbana respecto al centro de la ciudad de La Plata. Para ello se parte de un análisis teórico y de una revisión de antecedentes especializados, también se incorporan técnicas cualitativas complementando los datos estadísticos de fuentes oficiales y relevamientos propios. En una primera parte se analiza el mercado inmobiliario, su vínculo con el sector financiero y el problema de acceso a la vivienda. Posteriormente, se repasan las características de estos créditos hipotecarios en el país; finalmente, se hace una particularización y distribución territorial de las viviendas que ofrece el mercado inmobiliario en condiciones de ser hipotecadas, de acuerdo con el rango de financiación propuesto por estos créditos en la ciudad de La Plata durante los años 2016-2018.
Quality changes and shelf life of salted duck egg white meringues stored in alternative packages at two temperatures
Authors: Noonim Paramee , Venkatachalam Karthikeyan
Published: October 2021

Salted duck egg white meringues stored in alternative packages (paper control, metalized low-density polyethylene (M-LDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) and at two alternative storage temperatures (30°C and 40°C) were tested for changes in quality over a period of 120 days. Every 15 days, the meringues were tested for physicochemical and microbial qualities. Package type, storage temperature, and storage time all influenced the overall meringue quality. This study revealed that meringues kept at 40°C experienced more loss of quality than those kept at 30°C. During storage, meringue’s lightness and yellowness diminished while redness increased, and the sample volume shrunk. The control samples were significantly more affected than the other cases. The sample’s weight, moisture, aw, and pH were highest in the control samples when stored at 40°C. Textural profiles such as hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, fracturability, gumminess, and springiness decreased in all cases with storage time, whereas adhesiveness and resilience increased. The M-LDPE and PET packages maintained the sample texture. The radical scavenging abilities of the samples did not significantly differ by the alternatives tested, but a gradual increase was noted during prolonged storage. The control samples had significant levels of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella) and spoilage microorganisms (yeast and mold), reducing the shelf life to 90 days. In contrast, M-LDPE and PET packages maintained the sample qualities throughout the testing period of 120 days. It was found that M-LDPE and PET packages prolonged the shelf life of meringues when stored at 30°C, more so than at 40°C.
Specifics of Procedure of Integrity Assessment of a Design Company’s Counterparties for Export VAT Calculation
Authors:   LLC “Giprosintez”, Borisova Irina , Oleynik Olga ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study on the assessment procedure of counterparty integrity, which helps to determine the reliability and legal status of any involved contractors. The argument rests on the methods of system and institutional analysis, economic analysis of business operations, and comprehensive legal analysis of entrepreneurial operations. Relevance of the study consists in the theoretical and practical importance of efficient subcontractor management, as well as in the need of an engineering design company to establish a unified procedure for dealing with partners. The procedure of integrity assessment of counterparties (suppliers, subcontractors) of a design company includes some economic and legal techniques. Design companies use the counterparty integrity concept in verifying whether the value added tax on exports is computed correctly, whether the VAT refund (deduction) is justified, and whether the procurement of some works, services and commodities is economically reasonable. Verification of the physical existence of a counterparty and the authority of persons who sign contracts and issue letters of authorization is also provided. In contrast to existing verification methods, the approach used in this article allows choosing the best way to deal with international partners. Additional measures to disclose unfair practices of partners by means of a legal review of counterparty documents are developed. The article presents a tested form of reporting of counterparty negotiations. A set of measures for a detailed counterparty verification allows systematizing the procedure of integrity assessment of counterparties (suppliers, subcontractors) of a design company. The procedure and measures suggested in the paper will help design companies reduce their business risks.
Development of Financial Inclusion of Agricultural Producers
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Shkarupa Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

The limited involvement of firms in financial markets and a rather low level of financial literacy and absence of high-quality use of financial services are currently recognized as a fundamental issue. Recent research confirms that economic prosperity, sustainable development and poverty reduction are determined by the increased availability and use of financial services. All these circumstances have led to the emergence of another long-term trend in the financial sector which we define the concept of financial inclusion. Modern vectors of financial system development (emergence of new financial instruments, spread of new business models in the financial market, artificial intelligence, development and implementation of digitalization strategy) trigger discussions on the essence and content of financial inclusion. The article provides an overview of its available interpretations, and it is concluded that the theoretical basis of the research has not been developed properly. The presented literature review of approaches to financial inclusion definition makes it possible to show its main attributes: financial products and services, characteristics, quality, channels, conditions for obtaining a basic set of financial services. The main conclusions of the author prove that the mentioned aspects are met by the existing and functioning financial and credit infrastructure in agriculture, but with the peculiarities connected with the specifics of the industry. The article attempts to study the possibilities of such an infrastructure from the perspective of financial inclusion. Some indicators characterizing the infrastructure for provision of financial services in the southern regions presented in the article confirm the potential and opportunities for the development of financial inclusion of agricultural producers. Additionally, the author substantiates the issue of physical availability of this infrastructure, since it is difficult to assess the financial inclusiveness of agricultural producers from the standpoint of its parameters due to the specifics of agricultural production and the influence of various factors on the activities of a particular firm. The following directions are identified as possible ones for the development of financial inclusion of agricultural producers: expansion of budget support, implementation of public private partnership projects, increase of financial literacy, development strategies, development of government programs and projects, and active use of digitalization opportunities.
Managerial Resource for Personnel Development in Agricultural Reclamation of the Russian Federation: Additional Professional Education
Authors:   All-Russia Scientific and Research Institute for Irrigation and Farming Water Supply Systems “Raduga”, Ugryumova Alexandra , Pautova Lyudmila ,   All-Russia Scientific and Research Institute for Irrigation and Farming Water Supply Systems “Raduga”
Published: October 2021

The level of professional development of personnel is a determining resource for the effectiveness of land reclamation industry and the agro-industrial complex, since the availability and level of development of modern competencies by the workforce largely determine the competitiveness of industry organizations and land reclamation in general. The purpose of the paper is to study the scientific and methodological features and technologies of the system of modern additional professional education of land reclamation personnel, to find reserves for its development. The scientific novelty of research lies in the definition of a complex of organizational and scientific-methodological approaches to the management of additional professional education of the personnel in the industry of land reclamation. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis, systematization of scientific and methodological materials on additional professional education system, logical and situational analysis, methods of processing and generalization of results. Based on the results of scientific and practical analysis, the structural and content indicators of the readiness of programs of additional professional education of reclamation personnel are determined, a set of scientific and methodological approaches to the implementation of educational programs of additional professional education and the mechanism of sectoral multi-level professional and educational interaction between organizations implementing professional education programs for the reclamation sector of the agro-industrial complex are proposed. The elements of this interaction in the development and implementation of educational programs of additional professional education in the reclamation industry are specified. The following conclusions are drawn. In the course of the conducted scientific and practical research of scientific and methodological features of additional professional education of land reclamation personnel, an attempt is made to solve the problem of scientific, methodological and methodological support for industrial additional education. A mechanism for multi-level professional and educational interaction between industry organizations was developed. The results of this study may be of interest to the heads of organizations that implement additional professional education programs for specialists of the agro-industrial complex, specialists in the field of continuing education.
Unfulfilled Part of the Post-Soviet Development Storyline in “Center – Region” Relations
Authors:   Institute of Social and Economic Research, Dagestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sagidov Yurij
Published: October 2021

The author argues that during the post-soviet period Russia did not suffer several discrete crises, as it is usually reflected in scientific publications, but has been remaining in the state of a permanent crisis. This approach predetermines a cardinal assessment of the results of systemic transformations in the country in a single time space, which is the basis for reliability in characterization and assessment of the author’s achievement of the goal and objectives of the study, i.e. determination of the role of relations between the center and the regions as the focus of systemic transformations and explanation of approaches to their improvement. In the paper, the characteristics and comparisons of two models “regions – center” and “center – regions” take place. The first and second models vary in the priorities of political and economic roles of the regions and the center in the strategies of post-Soviet development in the first and in the following two decades, respectively. It was stated that due to insufficient development of the culture of democracy, the first version of the strategy is fraught with a real threat of centrifugal aspirations of the regions, the loss of territorial integrity of the country. The development according to the second option led to restoration of the institution of centralization of political and economic management in the worst version in comparison with the Soviet era and the reset of the original systemic ideological plot of development of a new social pattern according to the principles of political and economic democratization. This situation has led to the loss by the regions of the opportunity for self-development, lagging behind in the social and economic development of Russia and to a predetermined stagnation and degradation. In the conclusion, the results are presented and approaches to the elimination of the negative aspects of the model of relations “center – region” are given, based on the transformation of relations between the center and the regions to a qualitatively different level involving the coordination of interests on a market basis.
Updating Economic Methods of Healthcare Development Management (On the Example of Belgorod Region)
Authors:   Medical Information and Analytical Center, Pinkus Tatiana , Stepchuk Mihail ,   Medical Information and Analytical Center, Krylova Lyudmila ,   Department of Healthcare of Belgorod Region
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the use of updated methods of economic management of healthcare development in Belgorod region with the use of promising forms of financing of medical organizations, payment and economic motivation of medical workers in achievement of medical service quality and the effectiveness of medical organizations. The relevance of research is explained by the need to replace existing management system with new methods of economic management in healthcare, analysis and rational use of all means of healthcare, impact assessment of increase of the motivation of medical workers on the effectiveness of medical organizations and the quality of medical services, for the choice of the most optimal financing options and achievement of the best results in protection of public health. The authors used the main evaluation criteria: a) mortality reduction, including infant mortality and prolongation of the active life of a person; b) efficiency of the bed network and medical workers, quality and volume of inpatient medical care; c) availability and quality of medical care for the population living in the area of service of medical organization, effectiveness of outpatient medical care, a substitute hospital, and preventive measures. At the same time the use of effective methods of examination, treatment and prevention were taken into account. The study used a complex method: economic, statistical, quantitative and qualitative analysis, comparative assessment. The analysis showed that when choosing the forms of financing and motivation, the accumulated experience of economic management in the developed countries of the world and Russia was used, what made it possible to determine the best option. In the conclusion, an increase in wages and motivation of medical workers was found what had a positive impact on the efficiency of the medical organization, the quality of medical services and the health of the population. Recommendations are given for the improvement of economic management methods in healthcare, and a drawback is showed, i.e. limited funding and, accordingly, per capita tariffs, which does not allow using fully new methods of treatment.