bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing nature‐based solutions through enhanced soil health monitoring in the United Kingdom
Authors: Giuliani Licida M. , Warner Emily , Campbell Grant A. , Lynch John , Smith Alison C. , Smith Pete
Published: December 2024

Soil health is a critical component of nature‐based solutions (NbS), underpinning ecosystem multifunctionality and resilience by supporting biodiversity, improving carbon sequestration and storage, regulating water flow and enhancing plant productivity. For this reason, NbS often aim to protect soil health and restore degraded soil. Robust monitoring of soil health is needed to adaptively manage NbS projects, identify best practices and minimize trade‐offs between goals, but soil assessment is often underrepresented in NbS monitoring programmes. This paper examines challenges and opportunities in selecting suitable soil health metrics. We find that standardization can facilitate widespread monitoring of soil health, with benefits for stakeholders and user groups. However, standardization brings key challenges, including the complexity and local variability of soil systems and the diverse priorities, skills and resources of stakeholders. To address this, we propose a flexible, interdisciplinary approach combining soil science, ecology and socio‐economic insights. We introduce an interactive tool to help users select suitable soil and biodiversity metrics, which are context and scale‐specific, and suggest avenues for future research. We conclude that integrating soil health into NbS through new and improved monitoring approaches, newly available datasets, supportive policies and stakeholder collaboration can enhance the resilience and effectiveness of NbS, contributing significantly to global sustainability goals.
“Are my blood products coming?”: Implementation of a novel blood product tracker in the electronic health record system
Authors: Chai Tina , Hartzell Connor , Winstead Randy , Krokosky Kirk , Atchison Kaycie , Mueller Angela , Hall Erika , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Andrews Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Background

Blood transfusions are the most common procedure performed in American hospitals. The steps required for blood product delivery are often misunderstood by providers, leading to numerous phone calls to the blood bank requesting order status. Distracting calls can lengthen turnaround time, especially during blood product or staff shortages. We sought a tool to address these questions and reduce distraction. This study highlights a novel blood tracker tool implemented in the electronic health record (EHR) that allows providers to see their blood order's status.

Study Design and Methods

With a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, we constructed a user‐friendly blood tracker highly visible in our EHR. It shows the status of a blood product in real time from “order printed” to “preparing” to “on its way.” We surveyed blood bank technologists to determine if call volume and distraction changed.

Results

We counted the number of views per month as a surrogate of usage. The blood tracker was viewed 109,626 times per month on average from January through December 2023. The fraction of technologists who received 21 or more calls per shift decreased by 47%.

Discussion

We successfully constructed and implemented a novel blood tracker into our EHR that relays the status of a blood product. It is a highly viewed piece of information in our EHR and decreases blood bank call volume as reported by blood bank technologists. Its success demonstrates that closed‐loop communication between the lab and providers regarding blood products is beneficial within our organization and potentially others.
Localised apolipoprotein A‐I amyloidosis arising in a fibroadnexal hamartoma in a dog
Authors: Murakami Tomoaki , Owaku Kenta , Kobayashi Natsumi , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Hisada Miki , Craig Linden E.
Published: December 2024

Canine apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) amyloidosis has only been reported as an age‐related pulmonary vascular condition. In this report, the authors identified cutaneous ApoA‐I amyloidosis within a fibroadnexal hamartoma in a dog. Based on proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry, the mechanism of ApoA‐I amyloidogenesis is discussed.
Numerical Assessment of an Aerodynamic Probe to Enable Short Focal Length Laser Diagnostics in High Temperature Supersonic Flows Based on Flow Disturbance
Authors: Lasala Ignacio , McKelvy Aubrey , Braun James , Paniagua Guillermo , Choquet Etienne , Andre Thierry , Falempin Francois
Published: December 2024

This article evaluates the use of an actively cooled aerodynamic probe body with integrated optics to perform short focal length laser diagnostics within high-temperature, high-supersonic flows. A novel probe with a “ship's bow” shape and an open cycle cooling scheme ending in a matrix of effusion holes is presented. The flow around the probe is studied numerically using 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations at Mach 6, with freestream total conditions of 1700 K and 44.2 bar. The laser trajectory is calculated using the ray propagation equation to ensure that it deviates minimally while going through regions of gradients in refractive index. The location and shape of the detached shock formed ahead of the probe is extracted, and the minimum focal length achievable for measurement of the undisturbed flow field is determined. The sensitivity of the bow shock shape to changes in cooling pressure between 1.33 and 1.835 bar and to blocked holes has been computed. Finally, the flow through the effusion system of the probe is tested experimentally, ensuring its proper operation, and checking the consistency of the effusion boundary conditions used in the numerical study.
A robust error sensing strategy for global active noise control in car cabins
Authors: Wang Shuping , Zhang Pengju , Yang Ziyi , Tao Jiancheng , Zou Haishan , Qiu Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

Global active noise control (ANC) systems reduce noise over the entire car cabin with robust performance even as the human head moves; however, they have not been implemented in real-world applications. A robust error sensing strategy is proposed in this paper that is based on which a feasible global ANC system is realized in an electric car, and real-time ANC experiments demonstrate its effectiveness. Simulations based on measured road noise show that using evenly distributed error sensors is a robust error sensing strategy for different car speeds and the upper limit frequency of 3 dB global control is inversely proportional to the equivalent distance between error sensors. Real-time experiments with a 5-seat A-class sedan demonstrate that an average noise reduction of 3.8 dB was achieved between 50 and 250 Hz with 12 evenly distributed error sensors using the four standard car audio loudspeakers as secondary sources. Virtual sensing techniques can be integrated to constitute a more practical system without obstructing the movement of human heads. The findings in this study establish a benchmark for global noise control in car cabins and can be a starting point for future optimization of the system and implementation of adaptive algorithms.
Calibrating position and orientation of multiple ultrasound phased array units using Bayesian optimization
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Suzuki Shun , Makino Yasutoshi , Shinoda Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Airborne ultrasound phased arrays (AUPAs) generate non-contact tactile sensations and enable acoustic levitation with specific focus fields. Using multiple units together offers numerous advantages, such as increased stimulus intensity and the ability to overcome occlusion. The AUPA units are typically mounted on a fixed frame, with their poses manually measured using tools such as a ruler for calibration. However, to increase the degrees of freedom for these units, a more flexible calibration method is required. With a wavelength of 8.5 mm, a 4 mm deviation in propagation distance from the two phased arrays can weaken the pressure at the focus position. Hence, in this study, calibration based on pose and focus information obtained through image processing was performed. First, augmented reality markers are attached to each AUPA unit for rough estimation of pose parameters. Second, using these approximate poses, the pressure distribution generated on a specific plane is estimated through thermal imaging. Finally, Bayesian optimization is employed to efficiently explore the pose parameters to minimize the error between the desired position and generated focal point. This approach enables the efficient calibration of the relative poses of AUPA units, even when they are placed in challenging-to-measure locations.
Differences between a successive versus simultaneous range discrimination task in an echolocating bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Christman Katie A. , Finneran James J. , Merk Siena , Mulsow Jason , Houser Dorian S. , Gentner Timothy Q.
Published: December 2024

A primary feature of bat and dolphin biosonar is the ability to measure echo-delay, both to determine absolute target range and to resolve range differences between targets. Measurements of range (i.e., echo-delay) discrimination thresholds in echolocating animals, however, vary across studies. This variance may reflect different test methods, such as whether the animal could simultaneously receive echoes from two compared targets (simultaneous condition), or only one target at a time (successive condition). The present study compares these test conditions directly in a dolphin. Dolphin echo-delay discrimination thresholds were measured under both simultaneous and successive conditions at simulated mean ranges of 3, 10, and 14 m to assess potential interactions across target range. The potential for spectral cues at various range differences under a simultaneous condition was also evaluated using a model of the dolphin peripheral auditory system. Results indicate that the availability of spectral cues during the simultaneous condition imparted limited improvement relative to the successive condition where spectral cues were unavailable. Echo-delay discrimination thresholds showed an overall increase with an increase in range in both the simultaneous and successive conditions.
The gE/gI complex is necessary for kinesin-1 recruitment during alphaherpesvirus egress from neurons
Authors: Diwaker Drishya , Kim DongHo , Cordova-Martinez Dylann , Pujari Nivedita , Jordan Bryen A. , Smith Gregory A. , Wilson Duncan W.
Published: December 2024

Following reactivation of a latent alphaherpesvirus infection, viral particles are assembled in neuronal cell bodies, trafficked anterogradely within axons to nerve termini, and spread to adjacent epithelial cells. The virally encoded membrane proteins US9p and the glycoprotein heterodimer gE/gI of pseudorabies virus (PRV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) play critical roles in anterograde spread, likely as a tripartite gE/gI-US9p complex. Two kinesin motors, kinesin-1 and kinesin-3, are implicated in the egress of these viruses, but how gE/gI-US9p coordinates their activities is poorly understood. Here, we report that PRV, in addition to associating with the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A, recruits the neuronal kinesin-1 isoforms KIF5A and KIF5C, but not the broadly expressed isoform KIF5B, during egress from differentiated CAD neurons. Similarly, in the axons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-derived sensory neurons, PRV colocalized with KIF5C but not KIF5B. In differentiated CAD cells, the association of KIF1A with egressing PRV was dependent upon US9p, whereas the recruitment of KIF5 isoforms required gE/gI. Consistent with these findings, the number of PRV particles trafficking within CAD neurites and the axons of DRG neurons increased when kinesin-1 motor activity was upregulated by hyperacetylating microtubules using trichostatin A (TSA) or tubacin, and this enhanced trafficking depended upon the presence of gE/gI. We propose that, following its recruitment by US9p, KIF1A delivers PRV particles to a location where KIF5 motors are subsequently added by a gE/gI-dependent mechanism. KIF5A/C isoforms then serve to traffic viral particles along axons, resulting in characteristic recrudescent infection.

IMPORTANCE

Alphaherpesviruses include important human and veterinary pathogens that share a unique propensity to establish life-long latent infections in the peripheral nervous system. Upon reactivation, these viruses navigate back to body surfaces and transmit to new hosts. In this study, we demonstrate that the virus gE/gI-US9p membrane complex routes virus particles down this complex neuronal egress pathway by coordinating their association with multiple kinesin microtubule motors.
Genome sequences of four novel
Endozoicomonas
strains associated with a tropical octocoral in a long-term aquarium facility
Authors: Marques Matilde , da Silva Daniela M.G. , Santos Elsa , Baylina Núria , Peixoto Raquel , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Woyke Tanja , Whitman William B. , Keller-Costa Tina , Costa Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

We report the genome sequences of four
Endozoicomonas
sp. strains isolated from the octocoral
Litophyton
maintained long term at an aquarium facility. Our analysis reveals the coding potential for versatile polysaccharide metabolism; Type II, III, IV, and VI secretion systems; and the biosynthesis of novel ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides.
Transition from neonatal to paediatric intensive care of very preterm-born children: a cohort study of children born between 2013 and 2018 in England and Wales
Authors: van Hasselt Tim J , Newman Suzy , Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Davis Peter J , Draper Elizabeth S , Gale Chris , Battersby Cheryl , Seaton Sarah E
Published: December 2024

Objective

Following very preterm birth, some children require ongoing intensive care after the neonatal period and transition directly from neonatal units (NNUs) to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) around term-corrected age.

We aimed to understand, at a national level, characteristics and outcomes of children born very preterm who transitioned directly from NNUs to PICUs.

Design

Retrospective cohort study, using data linkage of National Neonatal Research Database, Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network and Office for National Statistics datasets.

Setting

All NNUs and PICUs in England and Wales.

Patients

Children born <32 gestational weeks between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018, admitted to NNUs, and who transitioned directly to PICU without return to NNU at ≥36 weeks corrected gestation age were included.

Main outcome measures

Mortality, length of PICU stay, invasive ventilation in PICU (including via tracheostomy), PICU readmission until 2 years of age.

Results

Direct NNU-to-PICU transitions occurred in 276 babies during the study period. An increasing yearly trend was observed: 36 transitions of babies born in 2013, 65 in 2018.

Of this cohort, 22% of children died before their second birthday, 59% of survivors had ≥1 PICU readmission, 33% of children had long stays in PICU (≥28 days) and 25% received tracheostomy ventilation.

Conclusions

An increasing number of very preterm children require ongoing intensive care at the end of their neonatal stay, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Multidisciplinary involvement and planning around the time of transition from NNU to PICU, informed by national guidance, may be beneficial.
Glucosinolate profiling in Cleome gynandra L. aerial parts based on two extraction methods
Authors: Mano Jonas , Dicko Cedric , Ouédraogo Jean Claude W. , Bonzi-Coulibaly Yvonne L.
Published: December 2024

Glucosinolates and their degradation products from Cleome gynandra L. are known for their beneficial effects in traditional medical use. As part of daily nutrient intake, the areal parts of this herb are cooked and consumed, whereas the residual water from boiling is discarded. However, it may contain valuable bioactive metabolites. Therefore, we focus our investigations on Cleome gynandra L. for the presence of glucosinolates using two extraction methods (conventional and unconventional) and according to the physiological stage of growth of the plant. The results showed that glucosinolate contents expressed in mg of glucocapparin/g dry matter (mg/g) differed quantitatively according to the extraction method and physiological development stage. Glucocapparin content was 8.24 mg/g dry matter for the methanolic extract (conventional method) compared to 5.01 mg/g dry matter for the aqueous extract at the fruiting stage of the plants. LC-MS and 1H NMR analysis confirmed the identity of the major glucosinolate as glucocapparin. Quantification revealed the same variation trend in glucosinolate content according to the physiological stage of plant growth with the two extraction methods, i.e., 2.58, 4.74, and 5.01 mg glucocapparin/g dry matter for aqueous extracts (unconventional method) and according to the vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages, respectively. However, it appears that aqueous extracts (cooking wastewater) obtained from areal parts of Cleome gynandra L. could constitute enriched extracts in glucosinolates from Cleome gynandra L. for phytoprotective applications from the fruiting stage.
Simple approximate model for pion masses
Authors: Lindqwister Ulf J.
Published: December 2024

Closed expressions for the masses of the charged and neutral pions are derived based on a simple approximate model for electrostatic screening when a proton is located adjacent to a neutron. The estimated mass values agree to a few percent of experimentally measured values. The electric dipole moment of the deuteron is also estimated based on the phenomenological toy model used here.
Optical engineering perspectives on fractional analysis: A comprehensive study of the conformable Gross–Pitaevskii equation in the Bose–Einstein condensation
Authors: Alessa Nazek , Rehman Hamood Ur , Muneer Sadia , Iqbal Ifrah
Published: December 2024

In this study, we examine the dynamic behavior of optical solitons in the nonlinear conformable Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) within Bose–Einstein condensates, which refer to the phenomenon of many ultra-cold bosonic particles occupying a single quantum state. The GPE is a cornerstone of advanced statistical physics, has application in various engineering disciplines, particularly in the realm of quantum mechanics and optical engineering. By precisely encoding the GPE’s steady-state solutions, we make it possible to compute nonlinear models pertinent to engineering systems and clarify solutions within particular parameter regimes that are essential for engineering applications. Our study encompasses repulsive and attractive nonlinearities in GPE, including quadratic and double-well potentials. We focus on discovering solutions, employing the generalized Riccati equation mapping method and modified extended tanh-function method to extract soliton solutions. The study yields a variety of soliton including combined dark–bright, singular, combo dark-singular, periodic-singular, and rational solutions with physical perspectives. Through 2D and 3D representations, the internal structure of these phenomena is effectively illustrated, offering insights into their behavior and dynamics, which is significant for optimization process and engineering design.
HARNESSING CORPUS LINGUISTICS AND DATA-DRIVEN LEARNING APPROACH FOR ARABIC MULTI-CLASS DIALECT DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
Authors: ALZAIDI MUHAMMAD SWAILEH A. , ALSHAMMARI ALYA , ALAHMARI SAAD , AL SULTAN HANAN , HASSAN ABDULKHALEQ Q. A. , SALAMA AHMED S.
Published: December 2024

Arabic dialect identification (ADI) is a specific task of natural language processing (NLP) that intends to forecast the Arabic language dialect of the input text automatically. ADI is the preliminary step toward establishing many NLP applications, including cross-language text generation, multilingual text-to-speech synthesis, and machine translation. The automatic classification of the Arabic dialect is the first step in various dialect-sensitive Arabic NLP tasks. ADI includes predicting the dialects related to the textual input and classifying them on their respective labels. As a result, increased interest has been gained in the last few decades to address the problems of ADI through deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The study develops an Arabic multi-class dialect recognition using fast random opposition-based fractals learning aquila optimizer with DL (FROBLAO-DL) technique. The FROBLAO-DL technique utilizes the optimal DL model to identify distinct types of Arabic dialects. In the FROBLAO-DL technique, data preprocessing is involved in cleaning the input Arabic dialect dataset. In addition, the ROBERTa word embedding process is used to generate word embedding. The FROBLAO-DL technique uses attention bidirectional long short-term memory (ABiLSTM) network to identify distinct Arabic dialects. Moreover, the ABiLSTM model’s hyperparameter tuning is implemented using the FROBLOA method. The performance evaluation of the FROBLAO-DL method is tested under the Arabic dialect dataset. The empirical analysis implies the supremacy of the FROBLAO-DL technique over recent approaches under various measures.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CONTROLLING THE ALCOHOL ADDICTION: STABILITY AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: BUSHNAQ SAMIA , ZEB ANWAR , IQBAL SIDRA , DJILALI SALIH , ANSARI KHURSHEED J.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this work is to develop a model of alcohol that takes drug features into account. We assess the model feasibility and explain its formulation in terms of a nonlinear differential equation. Using the subsequent matrix generation technique, we ascertain the reproductive number in order to assess the dynamics of the model. We also examine the system equilibrium points, namely the positive and free alcohol equilibrium points. To gain insights into the stability properties of the model, we utilize the Lyapunov function and the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Through these methods, we investigate both the local stability and global stability of the considered model. Furthermore, we employ numerical simulations to complement and illustrate the theoretical results obtained. These simulations provide visual representations that enhance the understanding of the model dynamics and behavior.
Nano titanium dioxide coating Haematococcus pluvialis enhances photoelectric carbon dioxide reduction performance
Authors: Yu Xiao , Yuantao Chen , Wei Zhang , Liming Shao
Published: December 2024

In this study, we utilized a hydrothermal method to coat TiO2 nanoparticles onto Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) cells. Various methods were employed to investigate the morphology, structure, and photoelectrocatalytic activity of the synthesized Ys/TiO2 composites. Results indicated that, owing to the dye-sensitization effect of astaxanthin within H. pluvialis cells, the electron-hole pairs in Ys/TiO2 composites achieved efficient charge separation, leading to superior photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. The composites also exhibited a broader wavelength absorption range with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 61.28%, and a liquid product yield of ethanol reaching 29.47 μmol·h−1·cm−2. Furthermore, the H. pluvialis/TiO2 composites maintained high photoelectrocatalytic activity and stability even after four cycles.
Unraveling the relaxation dynamics of donor-π-acceptor porphyrins, achieving a promising 10.51% device efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dasgupta Silve , Rajesh Manne Naga , Bangal Prakriti R. , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: December 2024

The sensitizer is one of the key components in achieving the high efficiency and durability of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. The porphyrin class of sensitizers using the donor-[Formula: see text]-acceptor concept with either I[Formula: see text]/I[Formula: see text] or Co(II/III) redox couples have demonstrated device efficiency >10%. The sensitizer with triphenylimidazole donor and and 3-(5(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid as an acceptor (LG18) have illustrated device efficiency of 10.51%. In this report, we adopted femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy to explore the ensuing relaxation properties of LG18 and adsorbed on TiO2 in solution upon 400 nm photoexcitation. Comparative analysis of the obtained TA data matrices of LG18 and LG18–TiO2 samples confirms an ultrafast hot electron extraction (<150 fs, >k[Formula: see text] = 6.5 × 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text] along with multi-step electron injection occurs from different excited states of LG18 with rate constant (k[Formula: see text] in the range of 6.7 × 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text] to 5 × 108 s[Formula: see text] which are 3-4 order higher than charge recombination rate (k[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]<1 × 108 s[Formula: see text].
C132-Substitutions of methyl pheophorbides-a/a’ by Michael addition reactions
Authors: Ogasawara Shin , Egami Yuki , Yoshimura Koudai , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: December 2024

Various kinds of Michael acceptors could be introduced at the C132-position in an epimeric mixture of methyl pheophorbides-[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]’ under basic conditions. The isolated yields and C132-epimeric ratios ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] > 1) of the adducts depended on the electron-withdrawing group in the Michael acceptors. Some Michael acceptors possessing a less electron-withdrawing group could not react with methyl pheophorbides-[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]’. Neither α- nor β-substituted Michael acceptors gave the desired products. On the other hand, a Michael acceptor possessing a terminal alkyne was introduced as the C132-alkenyl moiety. We here report the scope and limitations of the Michael addition reactions for chlorophyll-[Formula: see text] derivatives.
Compliance Requirements in Research
Authors: Deumens Erik , Ellis Carolyn
Published: December 2024

Cyberinfrastructure for research needs to meet growing lists of requirements.
Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Survey
Authors: Yang Yutao , Zhou Jie , Ding Xuanwen , Huai Tianyu , Liu Shunyu , Chen Qin , Xie Yuan , He Liang
Published: December 2024

Recently, foundation language models (LMs) have marked significant achievements in the domains of natural language processing and computer vision. Unlike traditional neural network models, foundation LMs obtain a great ability for transfer learning by acquiring rich common sense knowledge through pre-training on extensive unsupervised datasets with a vast number of parameters. Despite these capabilities, LMs still struggle with catastrophic forgetting, hindering their ability to learn continuously like humans. To address this, continual learning (CL) methodologies have been introduced, allowing LMs to adapt to new tasks while retaining learned knowledge. However, a systematic taxonomy of existing approaches and a comparison of their performance are still lacking. In this article, we delve into a comprehensive review, summarization, and classification of the existing literature on CL-based approaches applied to foundation language models, such as pre-trained language models, large language models, and vision-language models. We divide these studies into offline and online CL, which consist of traditional methods, parameter-efficient-based methods, instruction tuning-based methods and continual pre-training methods. Additionally, we outline the typical datasets and metrics employed in CL research and provide a detailed analysis of the challenges and future work for LMs-based continual learning.
Highly Durable Sn-Ni Alloy Anode Pretreated in Vinylene Carbonate-Containing Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Capacitors
Authors: Nara Hiroki , Nakamura Yusuke , Ahn Seongki , Sugimoto Wataru , Momma Toshiyuki
Published: December 2024

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are promising energy storage devices for electric vehicles because they rank between LIBs and EDLCs in terms of energy and power density. In a previous work, an LIC with a Sn-Ni alloy anode was proven to be superior in terms of energy and power density compared to that with a graphite anode. To improve the cycle durability at a practical level, the effect of vinylene carbonate (VC), which positively affects LIBs, was investigated. VC demonstrates a positive effect during the pre-treatment process, but also a negative effect during charge-discharge cycling. The difference between these effects is discussed in terms of the potential and morphology changes of the anode, revealing that the VC forms a polymer-like solid electrolyte interphase during the pre-treatment process, suppressing the deactivation of Sn caused by crack growth and peeling off during charge-discharge cycling. In contrast, VC continuously decomposes during charge-discharge cycling while consuming pre-treated lithium. Finally, an excellent cycle durability (10,000 cycles with a capacity retention of 72.3%) is here demonstrated for the first time for the LIC with a high volumetric energy density of 38.9 Wh L−1 at 120 W L−1.
Advanced Balancing of High-Energy Lithium Ion Cells Comprising Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide and a-Si/CuSi Nanowire Using a Cathode Pre-Lithiation Additive
Authors: Chesson William W. , Klein Florian , Diemant Thomas , Schür Annika Regitta , Pfeifer Claudia , Drews Paul , Jusys Zenonas , Behm R. Jürgen , Lindén Mika , Geaney Hugh , Ryan Kevin , Kuenzel Matthias , Bresser Dominic , Axmann Peter , Passerini Stefano
Published: December 2024

Advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) research have strived for high-energy, safe, and sustainable materials. Li-rich Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (LRNM) cathodes have shown great promise with high voltages and excellent specific capacities. Obstacles preventing the viability and commercialization of LRNM are the initial capacity loss of roughly 30% and rapid voltage decay upon cycling. Herein, lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4) is investigated as a pre-lithiation additive to utilize the first-cycle lithium re-intercalation losses of LRNM to compensate the irreversible lithium consumption in graphite and high-capacity a-Si on copper silicide nanowire (a-Si/CuSi NW) anodes. Specifically, the decomposition process of Li2C2O4 as well as the interaction between the electrode components inside the cell are comprehensively examined. This concept allows us to extend the cycle life of graphite||LRNM cells at 1 C from less than 500 cycles (142 mAh g−1, 78%) to more than 900 cycles (143 mAh g−1, 82%) before reaching the 80% capacity retention threshold. Finally, LRNM electrodes with a precisely balanced concentration of Li2C2O4 are prepared in order to compensate the high irreversible losses of a-Si/CuSi NW anodes, achieving a capacity retention of almost 50% with a remaining specific capacity of 82 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles in high-energy a-Si/CuSi NW||LRNM lithium-ion cells.
Mechanisms of Secondary Spreading and Micro Droplet Formation on Steel
Authors: Seeger Lea , Lobnig Renate , Schuch Elmar , Guo Surong , Fürbeth Wolfram
Published: December 2024

A new theory for secondary spreading based on the wetting theory of thin films is presented. It explains how micro droplets within the spreading zone and the primary droplet retain their shape, although connected by a thin electrolyte film and how humidity and salt concentration affect the growth rate of micro droplets. The trigger for secondary spreading, polarization or alkalization, is identified by using droplets of sodium hydroxide solution. Secondary spreading thus occurs on steel from pH 13.5 without corrosion or external polarization. The limiting pH value found explains why secondary spreading on steel only occurs when certain salts are used. The effect of the substrate is investigated by changing the microstructure of the steel. By comparing the sizes of micro droplets and micro structural phases and by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis measurements of the spreading zone, the existence of an electrolyte film connecting the micro droplets is supported. Ecorr potential profiles of secondary spreading droplets of sodium chloride solution on steel acquired by means of SKP are used to assess the contribution of secondary spreading to the total corrosion current, which is estimated to be low compared to that of the cathodic zone at the edge of the droplet.
Knockdown of KLF6 ameliorates myocardial infarction by regulating autophagy via transcriptional regulation of PTTG1
Authors: Chen Yixin , Zhao Qian , Wu Tengfei , Sun Feifei , Fu Weineng
Published: December 2024

Our study demonstrates for the first time the role of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6)/PTTG1 axis in myocardial infarction (MI). This study demonstrates the protective effect of KLF6 knockdown against MI, which is attributed to the elevation of PTTG1 expression and inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings provide a novel insight into MI treatment.
In vitro examination of Piezo1-TRPV4 dynamics: implications for placental endothelial function in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Allerkamp Hanna H. , Bondarenko Alexander I. , Tawfik Ines , Kamali-Simsek Nilüfer , Horvat Mercnik Monika , Madreiter-Sokolowski Corina T. , Wadsack Christian
Published: December 2024

This study shows Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) coexpression and functionality within primary human fetoplacental endothelial cells (fpECs), mediating nitric oxide (NO) production and barrier integrity. In early-onset preeclampsia (EPE), fpEC channel functionality and coregulation are impaired, affecting Ca2+ signaling and endothelial barrier function. Combined channel activation significantly reduces endothelial barrier integrity and increases NO production in EPE. Changes in arachidonic acid metabolism are suggested as a key underlying factor mediating impaired channel functionality in EPE fpECs.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Vibration‐Controlled Transient Elastography in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Liu Yaoyu , Huang Zhizhen , Lan Xinya , Jia Min , Zheng Xiaoting , Hu Min , Luo Huiying , Zhang Luyun , Li Xuejing , Chen Shaodong , Li Yunru , Liang Huiqing
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: HBV‐infected individuals are also presenting with MASLD. However, the value of VCTE for detecting hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in CHB patients concurrent with MASLD is unclear. In patients with combined CHB and MASLD, we intend to assess the diagnostic efficacy of VCTE in determining the extent of fibrosis and steatosis.

Methods: This retrospective study involved 368 patients diagnosed with chronic HBV infection combined with MASLD who received liver biopsy and VCTE at Xiamen City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from June 2018 to June 2023. The cutoff values for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were determined via the use of the cross‐validated area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analyses to identify pairwise fibrosis stage and grade, respectively. The diagnostic statistics were calculated with a 90% fixed sensitivity and 90% specificity.

Results: An AUROC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95) was determined by a LSM cutoff value of 11.25 to identify patients with cirrhosis. Patients have the following values: sensitivity, 0.79; specificity, 0.90; PPV, 0.89; and NPV, 0.81. An AUROC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95) was determined by a CAP cutoff value of 313 to identify patients with severe steatotic liver. Patients have the following values: sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.82; PPV, 0.82; and NPV, 0.85.

Conclusion:In this investigation of adult patients diagnosed with CHB with MASLD, VCTE demonstrated a robust capability to differentiate cirrhosis and severe steatotic liver.
Abstract A003: In vitro anticancer activities of some organoplatinum (IV) derivatives
Authors: Howard William A.
Published: December 2024

Recent investigations into organoplatinum (IV) complexes as potential anticancer agents have shown considerable promise. Unlike cisplatin, these compounds are more stable in physiological environments and generally exhibit fewer side effects. Additionally, chelating aromatic ancillary ligands have been found to enhance the intercalation of metal-based agents into tumor DNA. This study aimed to synthesize novel organoplatinum (IV) complexes with chelating aromatic ligands and evaluate their anticancer efficacy through in vitro assays. Five complexes were synthesized: [Pt(CH3)2X2{2,2’-bipyridine-4,4’-R2}] (X = Br, I; R = H, CO2H) and [{Pt(CH3)3}2(μ-I)2(μ-adenine)]. These were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and assessed for anticancer activity. The MTT assays indicated that the [Pt(CH3)2X2{2,2’-bipyridine}] complexes were more cytotoxic to the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line than cisplatin, with LC50 values of 6.1 µM for X = I, 11.5 µM for X = Br, compared to 16.4 µM for cisplatin. Furthermore, the sulforhodamine B assays conducted by the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program revealed that [Pt(CH3)3}2(μ-I)2(μ-adenine)] was highly effective against various cancer cell lines. Notably, it showed an LC50 value of 5.20 µM against the glioblastoma multiforme SF-539 cell line, whereas cisplatin and temozolomide had LC50 values exceeding 100 µM. Similarly, [Pt(CH3)3}2(μ-I)2(μ-adenine)] had an LC50 value of 5.99 µM against the renal carcinoma RXF-393 cell line, with cisplatin and cabozantinib showing LC50 values above 100 µM. While these results highlight the superior cytotoxicity of the tested organoplatinum (IV) complexes, further research and development are required before these compounds can be considered for commercial use as chemotherapy drugs.

Citation Format: William A. Howard. In vitro anticancer activities of some organoplatinum (IV) derivatives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr A003
Abstract IA018: Pan-RAF-MEK molecular glue NST-628 is a potent and brain-penetrant inhibitor of the RAS-MAPK pathway
Authors: Hoeflich Klaus P.
Published: December 2024

Alterations in the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade are common across multiple solid tumor types and is a driver for many cancers. NST-628 is a potent pan-RAF-MEK molecular glue that prevents phosphorylation and activation of MEK by RAF, overcoming the limitations of traditional RAS-MAPK inhibitors and leading to deep durable inhibition of the pathway. Cellular, biochemical, and structural analysis of RAF-MEK complexes show that NST-628 engages all isoforms of RAF, including ARAF, and prevents the formation of BRAF-CRAF heterodimers, a differentiated mechanism from all current RAF inhibitors. With a potent and durable inhibition of the RAF-MEK signaling complex as well as high intrinsic permeability into the brain, NST-628 demonstrates broad efficacy in cellular and patient-derived tumor models harboring diverse MAPK pathway alterations, including orthotopic intracranial models. Given a mechanism differentiated from previous therapies targeting RAF or MEK catalytic activity, NST-628 is positioned to make an impact clinically in an areas of unmet patient need.

Citation Format: Klaus P. Hoeflich. Pan-RAF-MEK molecular glue NST-628 is a potent and brain-penetrant inhibitor of the RAS-MAPK pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr IA018.
Association between Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Hong Jaeyi , Park Sun Jae , Park Young Jun , Jeong Seogsong , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Kim Hye Jun , Song Jihun , Ko Ahryoung , Kim Su Gyeong , Han Minjung , Cho Yoosun , Kim Ji Soo , Oh Yun Hwan , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: December 2024

Several studies have revealed a possible association between antibiotic use and breast cancer in the Western population of women. However, its association with the Asian population remains unclear. Data utilized in this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The study population consisted of 4,097,812 women who were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of breast cancer according to cumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used. It was discovered that women who used antibiotics for more than 365 days had a higher risk of breast cancer (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.21) in comparison with those who did not use antibiotics. In addition, an association was found among women who used five or more classes of antibiotics, showing a higher risk of breast cancer (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.17) compared with nonusers. Furthermore, compared with antibiotic nonusers, only users of cephalosporins (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17) and lincosamides (aHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20–2.42) had a higher risk of breast cancer. These findings support epidemiologic evidence that long-term use of antibiotics may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. This underscores the need for further studies to address the potential for residual confounding, confirm causation, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Prevention Relevance: This study found a probable duration-dependent association between antibiotic prescriptions and breast cancer risk. The findings indicate that long-term antibiotic use could be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and highlight the need for further research to confirm causality and mechanisms.
Rationale and Approach to Evaluating Interventions for Newborn Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Harrison Leila , Vaivada Tyler , Yasin Rahima , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time in a child’s life, contributing to almost half of all deaths in children under 5 years. Many of these deaths are preventable and are mainly caused by preterm birth, birth asphyxia, or serious infections. Over the past decade, the evidence base for interventions to prevent and manage these causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has expanded significantly. This growth calls for a comprehensive and systematic approach to synthesizing the available evidence. This paper describes the methodological approach taken before and during the conduct of the systematic overviews and reviews described in the online supplementary material (for all online suppl. material, see https://doi.org/10.1159/000542754). Methods: Alongside consultation with a newborn technical advisory group, the overall evidence synthesis approach began with an extensive literature-scoping exercise to establish a universe of interventions that were relevant to neonatal health and survival and to identify the associated systematic reviews examining their effectiveness. Three main approaches were taken to synthesize the evidence based on the availability of prior evidence. New systematic reviews were conducted for topics lacking an existing comprehensive synthesis. Existing systematic reviews with search dates prior to 2020 were updated. High-quality, up-to-date systematic reviews were used without modification. In all cases, trial data from studies conducted in LMICs were sought and prioritized for analysis. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to summarizing the best available evidence for newborn intervention effectiveness is described.
A multimethods international maPping exercise of Arts Interventions in reNal uniTs: the PAINT project
Authors: Forbes Trisha , Wilson Anna , McKeaveney Clare , Carswell Claire , Bailey Christopher , Baxley Lee Jenny , Laico Mayleen , Meaney Claire , Noble Helen
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Due to the chronic nature of kidney disease and the challenges of symptom burden, reduced mortality and co-morbidity, individuals living with the condition experience substantial anxiety and depression. Incorporating the arts into clinical practice is encouraged to promote and support mental health and wellbeing. The aim of the PAINT project was to undertake an international mapping exercise to identify the current provision of arts programmes in kidney centres for people living with kidney disease.

Methods
A multimethods approach was employed, involving a cross-sectional online survey and semi-structured qualitative interviews, which employed Qualitative Description research design. Healthcare staff working in kidney centres or organisations providing arts activities to individuals living with kidney disease were recruited into the study.

Results
One hundred and nineteen participants from 29 countries responded to the survey, with 39 of the respondents reporting arts activities in their renal unit. There was a wide range of respondents in terms of role, and the types of arts activities included visual art activities, music, literature/creative writing, film, movement/dance and craft. Individuals with chronic kidney disease who had taken part in arts activities were mostly adults (64%) and most were undergoing haemodialysis (82%). Sixteen respondents participated in the semi-structured interviews and encouraged the adoption of arts activities for people living with kidney disease. Three themes were identified: enhanced wellbeing and positive outcomes for individuals living with kidney disease; staff engagement and enthusiasm; and barriers to participation.

Conclusions
This overview of arts activities being offered globally to people living with kidney disease, and experiences of renal healthcare staff who provide activities in their units, are encouraging in terms of arts in healthcare. Thesepractitioners have observed the benefits of this person-centred arts approach in action, predominantly in terms of the positive impact on the wellbeing of individuals with kidney disease and improved relationships with staff in dialysis units. Further attention and funding should be focused on arts activities within renal centres.
Incidence and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter , Patel Jaimini S. , Syed Ali , Vazquez Kaitlin D. , Mullen Chanda , Cucci Michaelia D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Although glomerular hyperfiltration in augmented renal clearance (ARC) results in suboptimal exposure to medications, its association with clinical outcomes is less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of ARC in an intensive care unit (ICU) population.
Methods: This retrospective cohort included all ICU patients admitted between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence of ARC, defined as a creatinine clearance  of 130 mL/min/1.73 m2, for at least one day. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, ICU length of stay (LOS), in-hospital and 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and development of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen.
Results: A total of 561 patients were included. The study population was 55% male (n=308), with a median age of 64 [IQR 53-74] years, a median baseline serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dL [IQR 0.7-1.0], and primarily medical ICU population (n=396, 71%). The incidence of ARC was 25% (n=139). While there was no difference in MV duration, the ARC group had a longer ICU LOS (median [IQR] 6 [4-9] vs. 5 [4-8] days, p<0.001), and more MDR pathogens (22% vs. 9%, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality (6% vs. 12%, p=0.041), 30-day mortality (10% vs. 21%, p=0.005), and AKI (13% vs. 21%, p=0.027) were lower in patients with ARC.
Conclusion: The incidence of ARC in this general ICU population was 25%. Differences in the clinical outcomes of patients with ARC should be further investigated.