bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of LED radiation in the treatment of periodontitis
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine, Danko E. , Kostenko Ye. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine, Pantyo V. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Topicality. Diseases of periodontal tissues are inflammatory diseases that are associated with the occurrence of dysbiosis of the microflora
of the oral cavity with a predominance of periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Periodontitis leads to the destruction of periodontal
tissues, the occurrence of bleeding gums, the formation of periodontal pockets and the loss of epithelial attachment to the gums. With
the help of the main methods of treatment of periodontitis, it is not always possible to achieve the desired result, therefore the use of
combined methods of treatment using low-intensity radiation is relevant.
The aim of the work was to determine the effect of the led radiation on periodontal tissues and indicators of the index assessment
of periodontal tissues, the papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of
the I–II degrees.
Materials and methods. In this study, 50 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of the I–II degrees were treated. The patients
were divided into two groups: the 1st group consisted of 22 patients, who were treated according to generally accepted methods, and
the 2nd group—28 patients, who were additionally irradiated with LED radiation in the red-infrared bands with wavelengths of 640±30
and 880±30 nm. The duration of irradiation was 20 minutes with a course of 10 procedures. The evaluation of the results of the treatment
in both groups was determined using the PMA, Fedorov-Volodkina indices, the papilla bleeding index and the depth of the periodontal
pockets was determined.
Research results and their discussion. After the treatment, we got an improvement in all indicators in both groups. However, the
periodontal tissue and periodontal pocket depth indices were significantly better in group 2 compared to group 1. After 6 months,
the results of the PMA, Fedorov-Volodkina and papilla bleeding indices of group 2 were 30–62 .2% better than the indicators of group 1.
The depth of periodontal pockets in patients of group 2 decreased on average by 1.26 mm, compared to the initial data before treatment,
which is 20.7% better than the indicators of group 1, where the decrease in the depth of periodontal pockets occurred by 0.72 mm.
Conclusions. Thus, LED radiation has a positive effect on the dynamics of hygiene indicators, an index assessment of the condition
of periodontal tissues and the depth of periodontal pockets, due to its anti-inflammatory effect on periodontal tissues, and can be
recommended for use in the complex treatment of periodontal tissue diseases.
Keywords: LED radiation, low-intensity radiation, periodontal tissue disease, periodontitis, periodontal tissue index assessment,
periodontal pocket, periodontal treatment.
Identification of tendency to temporomandibular joint dysfunction progression based on morphometry
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mirza R. , Beloklitskaya G. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Actuality. The temporomandibular joint diagnosis includes the computer tomography analysis. This research method is extremely
common, and as a rule, it is used during the stages of orthodontic treatment of gnathological patients and is actually more accessible
in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The information obtained during the TMJ computer tomograms analysis, while
making up an orthodontic plan, orthopedic treatment, can affect the sequence of occlusal rehabilitation stages.
The aim. To determine the morphometric parameters of the TMJ structure in which dysfunction accompanied by limited opening of the
mouth occurs most often by means of analysing computer tomograms.
Materials and methods. The width of the glenoid fossa and condylar head inclination were measured on computer tomograms in
91 subjects with limited mouth opening due to temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A general clinical examination was carried out,
which included identification of the dominant side of chewing, previously existing clicking in the temporomandibular joint, which was
revealed during the interview.
Results. The largest number of examinees with temporomandibular joint dysfunction due to the limited mouth opening, had a width
of the condylar head from 3.5–4.4 mm to 7.5–8.4 mm condylar head inclination angle from 53 to 72° (47.2%), and the smallest from
4.5–5.4 mm to 11.5–12.4 mm at an condylar head inclination angle from 85 to 93° (18.6%). Unilateral type of chewing was found in
41 (45%) of the examined, and clicking in the temporomandibular joint, which existed before the appearance of jamming, was confirmed
by interviewing of 39 (42.8%) patients.
Conclusions. The maximum width of temporomandibular joint, at which the condylar head inclination angle from 53 to 72° is detected
on TMJ computer tomograms is 8.4 mm within patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, which is determined by the presence
of limited opening of the mouth.
Keywords: limited mouth opening, temporomandibular joint, computer tomography.
Evolving trends in virtual reality rehabilitation for stroke in research publications
Authors: Bargeri Silvia , Baggio Mariachiara , Guida Stefania , Castellini Greta , Gianola Silvia
Published: January 2025

Objective: Virtual reality (VR) therapies have increasingly been adopted across medical fields, including neurorehabilitation for stroke recovery. Evidence from several systematic reviews (SRs) was explored, covering different aspects. We aim to explore overlaps, gaps, and trends of SRs focusing on VR stroke rehabilitation providing a foundation for improving the field and addressing limitations.Methods: We moved from a recent overview of reviews, searching multiple databases for all published SRs and the international database of prospectively registered SRs (PROSPERO) for ongoing SRs. Data extraction of study characteristics and methodological quality of SRs using AMSTAR 2 were obtained from a recent overview of reviews. Two independent reviewers analyzed trends in published SRs, their included primary studies, ongoing SRs, and methodological quality.Results: The data set included 58 SRs, with 345 primary studies and 45 ongoing SRs, published between 2007 and 2022. The number of published and ongoing SRs significantly increased over time (R2 = 0.8654; R2 = 0.747, respectively). In the last three years, Asia accounts for the majority of publications (31%). The main outcome assessed over time was upper extremity function and activity in 67.2% of SRs. Most of the published SRs were judged “critically low” (77.6%). The number of included studies increased over time reaching a median of 17 studies with a median of 493 participants.Conclusions: In stroke rehabilitation, the published and ongoing SRs on VR have risen over time in terms of the number of publications, with some concerns about methodological quality and representation of countries around the world.
МЕТОДИЧНІ УМОВИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЦІННІСНО-ДІЯЛЬНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ НОВОЇ ІСТОРІЇ В ШКОЛІ ПРИ ВИКОРИСТАННІ ІКТ
Authors: Honcharova Olena А.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the researches concerning the possibilities of the activity approach to teaching history, that allows formation of branch competencies. It is presented an analysis of the possibilities to form value orientation of adolescent's personality while studying history. Covered attempts to combine approaches to learning in the value-activity approach, carried out studies on determining the formedness students’ operational and value-semantic component. Stressed the relevance of the activity approach to learning. Studies have shown that the implementation of the activity approach is effective under certain conditions. Outlined directions for improving the content, organization and methods of teaching the history lessons and the humanities subjects.
ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ПЛАГІАТУ В НАУКОВИХ РОБОТАХ: АНАЛІЗ ПРОГРАМНИХ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Luparenko Liliia A.
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the concept of plagiarism, self-plagiarism and their basic types. It is described a classification of plagiarism automatic detection tools for text documents and the basic methods that underlie their functioning. It is considered a number of popular software and online resources to check text similarity, carried out their detailed analysis, testing and evaluation according to defined software specifications, productivity of functioning and obtained results during the checking. There are presented recommendations of the best tools that can be used by the research institutions and scientific journals’ editors.
Yağ Gülü Tarımında Üretim Etkinliğinin Analizi: Isparta İli Örneği
Authors: Bıtrak Orhan Orçun , Hatırlı Selim Adem
Published: January 2025

Türkiye, dünya yağ gülü üretiminin %55’ini gerçekleştiren lider ülke konumundadır. Yağ gülü yetiştiriciliğinin yaygın olarak yapıldığı Isparta ili, üretimin yaklaşık %80’ini karşılamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Isparta ilinde yağ gülü yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin üretim etkinliğinin belirlenmesi ve işletmelerin etkinsizliklerine neden olan faktörlerin ortaya koyulmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, işletmelerin 2021-2022 üretim dönemine ilişkin Isparta ilinde yağ gülü yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı yedi ilçe ve bu ilçelerdeki köylerde bulunan 169 yağ gülü işletmesinden anket yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. İşletmelerin etkinsizliğinin belirlenmesinde uygulanan stokastik üretim sınırı modeli, Cobb-Douglas fonksiyonu ile tahmin edilmiştir. Model tahmin sonuçlarına göre, işletmelerde ortalama üretim etkinsizliği 0.21 olarak hesaplanmış ve işletmelerin gözlenen üretimi ile ulaşabileceği maksimum üretim arasındaki farkın %50.3’ünün teknik ve dağılım etkinsizliklerinden kaynaklandığı, geriye kalan kısmın ise öngörülemeyen tesadüfi faktörlerden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç, işletmelerdeki teknik ve dağılım etkinsizliklerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Üretim etkinsizliğinin sonucu olarak, yağ gülü yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin dekara ortalama verim kayıplarının 95.10 kg olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerdeki üretim etkinsizliğinin nedenlerinin araştırıldığı model tahmin bulgularına göre, işletme yöneticisinin yaşı, yağ gülü bahçesindeki ortalama ağaç yaşı, yağ gülü arazisinin sulama durumu, yayım faaliyetlerine katılım durumu, işletmede yağ gülü dışında başka bir bitkisel ürüne yer verilip verilmediği, yağ gülü arazisinin rakım seviyesi ve kredi kullanımı değişkenleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Buna göre, işletme yöneticisinin yaşı, işletmenin sulu araziye sahip olması, yayım faaliyetlerine katılım ve kredi kullanımın etkinsizliği azalttığı, bahçedeki ağaçların ekonomik verim çağının dışında olması, işletmede yağ gülü dışında başka ürünlere yer verilmesi ve yağ gülü arazisinin rakım seviyesinin ise etkinsizliği artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Determination of Location Quotient of Organic Agriculture in Türkiye
Authors: Bayramoğlu Zeki , Ağızan Kemalettin , Ağızan Süheyla
Published: January 2025

The main objective of the study is to determine in which provinces organic agriculture is clustered in Türkiye. Location quotient is one of the most widely used indices in regional concentration measurements and expresses the degree of specialization of a certain production activity within a country/region/sector or the relative concentration of a certain production activity in a certain region. In this direction, within the scope of the study, it is aimed to determine the location quotient of organic agriculture, which provides competitive advantage throughout Türkiye, and it is envisaged to determine the location quotient in this direction. In determining the location quotient, the amount of production, which is one of the best indicators of economic performance, was used. As a matter of fact, the amount of production is the most important indicator showing which production activity is more dominant and the location quotient to be calculated takes a value between 0 and infinity (∞). If the relevant production activity has a score greater than 1, it indicates that the activity is the main production activity that is concentrated/specialised in the region. However, if the score is less than 1, it indicates that the activity is a local one that is not sufficiently concentrated/specialised in the region. Following the analysis, Eastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia are the regions with the highest concentration of organic agriculture production. The top 10 provinces with the most concentrated organic agriculture production are Van (7), Ağrı (6), Ankara (6), Bayburt (6), Erzurum (6), Çanakkale (5), Kars (5), Muş (5), Niğde and Sivas. The most widely produced crops are alfalfa (18), wheat (16), tomato (15), apple (14), maize (12), barley (12), hazelnut (9), sainfoin (9), olive (9), oat (9) and vetch (9). Localized and intensified organic farming systems have proven effective in generating high income per unit of land, optimizing agricultural land utilization, and ensuring sustainability. They also provide specialized labour forces, sector-specific inputs, and the use of advanced technologies. Therefore, it is believed that the formations will enhance the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the region by increasing productivity and promoting the growth of organic agriculture. This will lead to significant benefits for the region's development.
Evaluation of Attitudes and Knowledge Levels of Olive Producers in the Application of Agricultural Pharmaceuticals (Mardin Province)
Authors: Kaplan Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Olives are one of the essential nutrients in human nutrition and health, thanks to the vitamins they contain. There are many diseases, pests and weed species in olive gardens that cause a loss of productivity and quality of this important nutrient. Producers use different methods in plant protection practices to combat these existing pests. This study was conducted to determine the awareness levels of olive producers about plant protection practices in Derik district of Mardin province, where olive production was intense in 2020. For this purpose, the information collected through a 20-question survey method conducted face to face with a total of 90 producers in 15 villages through simple random sampling was evaluated on a percentage basis. According to the results of the current study, it was determined that the olive farmers had high education levels, and the majority of them had other non-agricultural incomes besides agriculture. Those engaged in olive cultivation consult plant protection dealerships and the provincial/district Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry in choosing plant protection products and adjusting their dosage. They stated that the brand and active ingredients are important features in the selection of chemical pesticides, and while they apply pesticides in advance for precautionary purposes without seeing the pests and diseases, they do not use the same pesticides against the same diseases and pests every year and apply the recommended dosage. Producers pay attention to the waiting time between the last spraying and harvest time due to the fact that chemical pesticides leave residues on the products, and they take protective measures for their own health during chemical pesticide application. In order to solve the plant protection problems faced by farmers in the agricultural field, cultural measures are generally applied along with chemical control. However, it is inevitable that chemicals will create many negative situations for human and environmental health over time. For this reason, it is important to carry out an effective, economical and environmentally friendly struggle using appropriate methods in plant protection practices in order to avoid being exposed to undesirable side effects.
Characteristics and Biological Activities of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Bulgur Waste
Authors: Rashıd Hema Aso , Bozkurt Hüseyin , Aykaç Çiğdem
Published: January 2025

Bulgur is one of the ready or semi-ready to eat cereals produced from wheat specifically Triticum durum variety. Residues of bulgur processing are known as bulgur waste that rich in some food components. Protein is one of the main components of bulgur that may remain in the wastes. This study was carried out to obtain and investigate the properties of bioactive peptides of bulgur waste proteins. Protein isolated from bulgur waste was hydrolyzed enzymatically to bioactive peptides and their potential activity against oxidation stress, microbial inhibition and hypertension control was determined. The bulgur waste proteins extracted from samples were hydrolyzed at different time intervals using pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and protease under the optimum conditions of enzymes and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) method was used to determine the degree of hydrolyses. The highest rate of hydrolysis efficiency was observed by protease as 10.08% at 240 min treatment while, the highest antioxidant capacity was measured with chymotrypsin (526.35% at 240 min) by 2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and with trypsin (151.93 % at 240 min) by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Trypsin hydrolysates showed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli whereas pepsin hydrolysates exhibited the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It has been observed that trypsin, chymotrypsin and protease hydrolysates have higher antihypertensive effects than protease hydrolyzates. The highest antihypertensive effect was obtained with protein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolysis with chymotrypsin for 180 minutes. As a result, the novel peptides indicated to offer the selected biological effects, suitable to use as a food additive for different purposes in industrial applications.
Modeling the Rehydration Behavior of Oven and Vacuum Oven Dried Shrimp at Different Rehydration Temperatures and Determination of Quality Parameters
Authors: Erşan Ali Can , Kıpçak Azmi Seyhun , Tuğrul Nurcan
Published: January 2025

In this study, shrimps dried by oven (OD) and vacuum oven (VOD) in the previous study, were rehydrated at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C and the kinetics of rehydration during this time were examined and curves are modeled. In rehydration kinetic studies, rehydration contents, rehydration rates, moisture ratio and effective moisture diffusions were calculated. Modeling was done based on Peleg and Two-Term mathematical models from the obtained rehydration curve data, and the results were evaluated statistically using the reduced chi-square (χ2), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) definitions. Color measurements were chosen as quality parameter analysis and interpretations were made based on the total color changes. When the results were examined, it was observed that all samples reached equilibrium in the 180 and 150 minute in oven drying and vacuum-oven drying, respectively and the sample with the highest rehydration value was observed in the one dried at 80°C in a vacuum-oven drying and rehydrated at 50°C. Since the drying time of the samples dried in the vacuum oven was shorter, their pores were less narrowed and thus they experienced more rehydration. It was observed that the samples were rehydrated more as the rehydration temperature increased. Since the rehydration rate, moisture content and effective moisture diffusivity values are in parallel with the rehydration contents the same increase occurred at these parameters. Looking at the mathematical modeling results, the Peleg model gave better results in samples rehydrated at 30 and 40°C, and the Two-Term model gave better results in samples rehydrated at 50°C. From the total color changes as expected vacuum-dried shrimps total color changes were less than the oven-dried shrimps and the color changes increased as the rehydration temperature increases due to the increase in the lightness values.
Effects of Different Nitrogenous Fertilizers and Potassium Doses on Yield, Yield Components, and Fruit Quality of Tomato Grown in Alkaline and Acidic Soils
Authors: Nazzal Mahmoud , Zengin Mehmet , Gökmen Yılmaz Fatma , Gezgin Sait , Uzun Fırat
Published: January 2025

Different nitrogen fertilizers and potassium applications have an important impact on the yield and yield components and fruit-quality parameters of tomatoes in both alkaline and acidic reaction soils. This study investigated the effects of different nitrogenous fertilizers and potassium doses on the yield, yield components, and fruit quality of tomatoes grown on alkaline and acidic soils. The experiment was carried out in the research greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty, at Selcuk University. It was performed by using two different soil types, three nitrogen fertilizers [ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium sulfate with inhibitor (AS+inh.), and calcium nitrate (CaNit)], and three different concentrations of potassium sulfate (0, 240, and 480 mg K2O kg-1). We conducted the study by using a randomized experimental plot design with four replications. According to the research results, the highest fruit yield in alkaline soil was 'inh. AS and 480 mg K2O kg-1', while the highest fruit yield in acid soils was obtained with 'calcium nitrate and 240 mg K2O kg-1'. Furthermore, different nitrogen sources and potassium doses significantly affected tomato yield components such as stem diameter, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit hardness, fruit pH, and Brix values. According to the results of the completed soil analysis, the applications demonstrated the importance of accurate and balanced fertilization for high-yield and quality tomato production in different soils. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate nitrogen fertilizers and potassium doses to increase tomato yield and yield components in alkaline and acidic soils. It provides valuable insights for tomato farmers and researchers seeking to improve tomato cultivation techniques in different soil conditions.
Yeni Bir Mikrodalga Destekli Damıtma Sistemi ile Defne (Laurus nobilis) Bitkisinden Uçucu Yağ Elde Edilmesi
Authors: Doğan Habib , Genç Abdullah , Mutlu Muzaffer
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada, dünyadaki ticaret arzının %90’ı ülkemizden gerçekleştirilen Defne (Laurus nobilis) bitkisinin, geleneksel buharlı damıtma sistemiyle birlikte, endüstriyel tipte tasarlanan yeni bir mikrodalga destekli damıtma (MDD) sistemi kullanılarak uçucu yağları elde edilmiştir. Literatürdeki tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden mikrodalga (MD) desteğiyle damıtma yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında ya küçük ölçekli laboratuvar cihazı ya da klasik MD fırınlara clevenger ilavesi yapılarak damıtma işleminin gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Ancak, bitki miktarı artıkça elektromanyetik (EM) gücün bitkiye nüfuzu azalacağından dolayı bu küçük ölçekli MD destekli çalışmalar endüstriyel tip damıtma süreçleri için birebir model olmaktan uzak kalacaklardır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada özgünlük olarak, MD gücün büyük ölçekli sistemlerdeki damıtma süreçlerine etkisini doğru bir şekilde modelleyebilmek için yeni bir endüstriyel tip MDD sistemi tasarlanıp test edilmiştir. Her bir testte 5 kg’lık bitki damıtılmakta olup tasarlanan MDD sisteminde 12 adet magnetron kullanılmıştır. Bu magnetronların farklı güçte çalışması kontrol devresiyle sağlanarak, MD gücünün uçucu yağ verimine ve uçucu yağ bileşenlerine etkileri gözlenmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda, MD desteği verilerek yapılan damıtma işlemlerinde, Linalool, Linalyle formate ve β-terpinyl acetate bileşenlerinde dramatik değişimler izlenmiştir. Geleneksel buhar damıtma (BD) sistemine göre uçucu yağ veriminde %10-24’lük bir artış elde edilmiş, süre 100 dk’dan 50 dk’ya düşürülmüştür. %26-35 arası daha az enerji harcanmış ve tüm bunların karşılığında bileşen bazında standart değerlerde uçucu yağ elde edilmiştir. Damıtılma sonucundaki uçucu yağ analizleri GC-MS analizi ile kimyasal olarak analiz edilmiş ve 64 farklı bileşen elde edilmiştir. Bunlardan 29 tanesinin gruplandırılmasıyla yapılan değerlendirmede, monoterpen-oksitlerin %55.68, monoterpen-hidrokarbonların ise %27.96 olduğu, kalan kısmın seskiterpen-oksit, seskiterpen-hidrokarbon ve fenolik bileşenlerden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. MW gücünün düşük olduğu testlerde monoterpen-oksitlerin azaldığı, MW gücü arttıkça belli bir oranda yükseldiği tespit edilirken monoterpen-hidrokarbonlarda ise tam tersi bir durum izlenmiştir. Linalool ve linalyl formate bileşenleri MW gücüyle en çok değişen bileşenler olmuştur. Yapılan değerlendirmeler MW desteğinin, endüstriyel tip damıtma süreçlerinde uygulanmasının pozitif etkileri olacağı ve maliyetleri aşağı çekeceği yönündedir.
Konya ve Aydın İllerinde Süt Sığırı Ahırlarının Yapısal Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Erzurum Onur
Published: January 2025

Çalışmada, Konya ve Aydın illerindeki süt sığırı işletmelerinden tesadüfi olarak seçilen toplam 220 işletmede, ahırların yapısal durumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini Konya ilinden 117 işletmeye, Aydın ilinden 103 işletmeye ait veriler oluşturmuştur. Verilerin elde edilmesi amacı ile 2024 yılı Ocak-Mart ayları arasında yetiştiricilerle görüşülerek yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın yapıldığı işletmelere ait sonuçlarda ahırların %57.27’sinin yarı açık barınak tipine sahip olduğu, işletmelerin %76.21’inin beton zemini kullandığı, %71.82’sinde ayak hastalıkları ile karşılaşıldığı, %36.36’sının dışkı temizliği için mekanik yolları kullandığı ve %51.82’sinin 50 baş ve altı hayvan sayısına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda günlük sağım sayısının, barınak tipinin ve işletmede kaşağı varlığının günlük verim ortalaması üzerine etkisi önemli bulunurken (p0.05). Yapılan ki-kare testine göre şehirler (Konya ve Aydın) ile yetiştirilen ırk, barınak tipi, barınak ve durak zemini, durak altlık materyali, duvar yapı malzemesi arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p
The Influence of Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Some Quality Parameters of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Growing in Diyarbakır Districts of Türkiye
Authors: Avşar Özlem , Kolay Betül , Bilge Ugur
Published: January 2025

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt), is a maize subspecies with rapidly increasing consumption in the world and in Türkiye both in terms of its nutritional content and various uses in fresh, frozen and canned form. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in promoting most of plants growth and productivity. Plant nutrient recommendations are important to maximise profit and productivity in sugar maize production. The influences of nitrogen (N) fertigation on yield and some quality parameters of sweet corn under South Eastern Anatolia Region (Diyarbakır) conditions of Türkiye were investigated in that trial. Fertigation applications were executed under regional conditions of Diyarbakır on the experimental land of GAPUTAEM (GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center). “BATEM Tatlı” variety of sweet corn was utilized as the plant material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design with 4 replications and five different N applications (0-75-150-225-300 kg ha−1) were implemented to trial plots through a fertigation system. During the 2015 and 2016 growing season that the trial was carried out a total of 520 mm and 476 mm of irrigation water were applied, respectively. According to the study results N levels had a significant effect on fresh grain yield, crude protein (p
Chemical Composition and Methane Production Potential of Agricultural Residues: Olive Pomace, Cottonseed Meal and Red Pepper Processing Waste
Authors: Üçok Serdar , Yang Xufei
Published: January 2025

Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as agricultural residues, manure, sewage, and food waste. This process involves the breakdown of these materials by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of a mixture of gases, primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with trace amounts of other gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Biogas production from agricultural residues like olive pomace (OLV), cottonseed meal (CTM), and red pepper processing (RPP) waste holds promise for sustainable energy generation and waste management. This study investigates the chemical composition and methane production potential of these residues, emphasizing their protein, fat content, and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)/Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) ratios. Chemical analyses revealed significant variations among the materials, with cotton waste exhibiting the highest dry matter, organic matter, protein, and fat content, while pepper waste showed the highest ash content, and olive waste had the highest fiber (ADF and NDF) content. Methane production ranged from 0.34 to 0.45 m³ kg-1 of organic dry matter (ODM), with cotton displaying the highest methane yield. Biogas production ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 m³ kg-1 ODM, with cotton again yielding the highest biogas production. Methane content in biogas varied between 54.64% and 57.72%, with cotton also showing the highest methane content. At the end of the study, the dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (ODM), ash, protein, fat, ADF, and NDF ratios of the materials were determined to be 85.51%-94.09%, 87.91%-92.92%, 7.08%-12.09%, 7.49%-15.93%, 3.76%-8.01%, 52.16%-71.07%, and 34.49%-55.58%, respectively. The materials showed chemical differences. Research highlights include the significant bioenergy potential of olive waste and cottonseed meals, alongside the environmental benefits of utilizing olive pomace for biogas production. Experimental findings reveal varying methane and biogas yields across materials, influenced by their nutrient compositions. The study underscores the viability of integrating these agricultural residues into biogas production systems, contributing to renewable energy initiatives and sustainable agricultural waste management practices.
Swimming Behavior Characteristics in Horses and Their Impact On Pregnancy Rates
Authors: Paksoy Yavuzkan , Koluman Nazan , Goncu Serap
Published: January 2025

In this study, the swimming behaviors of 20 Thoroughbred mares living in a private horse farm in Ulukışla district of Niğde and the effect of swimming on pregnancy rate were investigated. 20 English breed horses between the ages of 4-18 and without any health problems that would prevent them from getting pregnant were included in the study. The horses included in the study had no previous swimming experience. A veterinarian specialized in equine medicine collected the data by examining the observations and camera recordings. The behaviors of the horses around and inside the pool were observed. The pregnancy rate was determined by dividing the number of pregnant horses for each group by the total number of horses. The necessary graphs and tables were created with Microsoft Excel and SPSS statistical package programs to explain and analyze the statistical descriptive characteristics of the camera recordings and observation results. In the presented study, the analysis of pregnancy rates in the swimming group and the control group was performed using the Chi-square method with the SPSS statistical program. 19 of the 20 horses (95%) that were made to swim in the pool and 7 of the 12 horses (58.33%) that were made to swim in the pool became pregnant. The results revealed a range of behaviours including initial reactions to the pool, swimming techniques and post-swim activities. In particular, horses displayed a mixture of curiosity, attention and exploration when first introduced to the water, with the majority taking a measured and cautious approach during pool entry. Swimming behaviours were characterised by alertness, directional tendencies and vocalisations reflecting natural instincts and adaptability. Post-swim activities such as tail wagging, shaking and nose touching provided information on physical adaptation, moving away from the water and potential social or self-comforting behaviours. These findings contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of horses in aquatic environments and highlight the importance of welfare considerations in water-based activities for horses. Furthermore, addressing their natural behaviours and needs improves reproductive performance by an average of 37%. Further research may explore the specific triggers behind the observed behaviours, improve our understanding of equine behaviour in aquatic environments and encourage optimal care practices.
Determination of Desalinated Sea Water Usage Possibilities in Muscari armeniacum (Grape Hyacinth) Cultivation
Authors: Gür Necmettin , Kahraman Özgür
Published: January 2025

In the current period of time, many environmental problems have occurred in the world with the population increase, industrialization and construction, along with migration from rural areas to urban areas. Among the environmental problems that occur due to all these developments; the decrease in potable and usable freshwater resources, global warming, climate change and drought are the leading environmental problems. This study was carried out in the open field of a private apartment building in Izmir, Turkey to determine the possibility of using desalinated seawater in the cultivation of Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker. Depending on the purpose of the study, Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker was grown using desalinated seawater and tap water (control). To determine the effect of desalinated seawater on plant growth, leaf length, leaf width, root length, underground part weight, number of bulblets and upper part weight were measured. It was observed that Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker plants showed normal growth when desalinated seawater was used throughout the experiment. According to the statistical analysis, the difference between desalinated sea water and tap water was significant only in leaf length and leaf width parameters. While the average leaf length was 54.47 cm and leaf width were 5.71 mm in tap water (control), the average leaf length was 53.47 cm and leaf width were 5.19 mm in desalinated sea water treatment. The effect of irrigation water sources on other parameters was statistically insignificant. As a result of the study, desalinated seawater can be used for the cultivation of Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker. It is recommended that studies evaluating the possibilities of using desalinated sea water in the cultivation of different ornamental plant species will contribute to the literature.
Evaluating the Impacts of the Land Consolidation Project Implemented in Tekirdağ Province on Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Yılmaz Derya İlkay , Yilmaz Fuat
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the structural, economic, and social impacts of the land consolidation project implemented in Tekirdağ province on agricultural enterprises. The research utilizes data from surveys conducted with farmers in villages designated as consolidation areas, along with records from the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works. To determine the impacts of land consolidation, descriptive statistics, the Januszewski Index (JI), the Simmons Index (SI), and other consolidation indicators were employed. Following land consolidation, the average parcel size of enterprises increased by 30.54%, reaching an average of 34.79 decares, while the number of parcels decreased by 42.37%, resulting in an average of 9.29 parcels. The increase in the JI value from 0.344 to 0.419 and the SI value from 0.197 to 0.254 suggests that land fragmentation has decreased. However, these values also indicate that it could be further reduced with improved planning. From an economic perspective, fuel consumption decreased by 11.96%, averaging 4.71 liters, and travel time loss reduced by 12.50%, averaging 0.77 hours, indicating that land consolidation has enhanced the efficiency of enterprises. The social impacts of the project were less positive than anticipated, with many farmers expressing dissatisfaction due to insufficient information during the planning phase, delays in project completion, and perceived discrepancies between promised and actual outcomes. Regarding social impacts, the percentage of farmers who believed that land consolidation would be beneficial was 93.07% before the process, which fell to 41.58% afterward. Additionally, 84.16% of farmers raised objections about the process. This suggests that the land consolidation project may not have achieved the expected positive impacts. To improve the effectiveness of land consolidation projects and increase farmer satisfaction, several key enhancements are needed. Project planning should be more comprehensive and grounded in up-to-date data, with a commitment to transparency throughout all stages. Encouraging farmer participation in the consolidation process and increasing their awareness and understanding are essential. It is also important to create avenues for farmers to voice their concerns and actively contribute to the process. Furthermore, accelerating project timelines and ensuring the complete delivery of promised services would help build farmers' trust. Implementing these strategies could lead to more positive social and economic outcomes for land consolidation projects.
Pharmacy students’ perspective on remote flipped classrooms in Malaysia: a qualitative study
Authors: Wong Wei Jin , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Lee Ronald Fook Seng
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to explore pharmacy students’ perceptions of remote flipped classrooms in Malaysia, focusing on their learning experiences and identifying areas for potential improvement to inform future educational strategies.Methods: A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing inductive thematic analysis. Twenty Bachelor of Pharmacy students (18 women, 2 men; age range, 19–24 years) from Monash University participated in 8 focus group discussions over 2 rounds during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling. The focus group discussions, led by experienced academics, were conducted in English via Zoom, recorded, and transcribed for analysis using NVivo. Themes were identified through emergent coding and iterative discussions to ensure thematic saturation.Results: Five major themes emerged: flexibility, communication, technological challenges, skill-based learning challenges, and time-based effects. Students appreciated the flexibility of accessing and reviewing pre-class materials at their convenience. Increased engagement through anonymous question submission was noted, yet communication difficulties and lack of non-verbal cues in remote workshops were significant drawbacks. Technological issues, such as internet connectivity problems, hindered learning, especially during assessments. Skill-based learning faced challenges in remote settings, including lab activities and clinical examinations. Additionally, prolonged remote learning led to feelings of isolation, fatigue, and a desire to return to in-person interactions.Conclusion: Remote flipped classrooms offer flexibility and engagement benefits but present notable challenges related to communication, technology, and skill-based learning. To improve remote education, institutions should integrate robust technological support, enhance communication strategies, and incorporate virtual simulations for practical skills. Balancing asynchronous and synchronous methods while addressing academic success and socioemotional wellness is essential for effective remote learning environments.
Alternative substrate types promote eastern oyster recruitment and benthic community productivity
Authors: Patel J , Knick KE , Saluta GG , Lipcius RN , Seitz RD
Published: January 2025

Restoration of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica reefs in Chesapeake Bay (USA) can provide habitat for estuarine communities. Oyster shell, a preferred settlement substrate, has become a limited resource. Thus, alternatives like concrete structures need to be evaluated in their performance relative to oyster shell substrate. Our goals were to (1) compare oyster recruitment among natural (shell and granite) and concrete-mix (castle, diamond, c-dome, and x-reef) reef types, and (2) determine how reef type influences macrofaunal community productivity. To address these goals, 2 replicates of each of the 6 reef types were deployed in a randomized-block experimental design at 3 sites. One year after deployment, oysters and the macrofaunal community associated with the reefs were sampled to determine density, biomass, and productivity. Oyster density (9853 ind. m-2) and biomass (744 g ash-free dry weight [AFDW] m-2) were highest on the natural shell reef type followed by the x-reef (3817 ind. m-2; 532 g AFDW m-2), and all reef types had density and biomass that far exceeded the target for successful restoration in Chesapeake Bay (50 ind. m-2 and 50 g dry weight). All reef structures also had high oyster productivity. Notably, macrofaunal secondary productivity was highest on granite reefs (800 g C m-2 yr-1), and productivity of all concrete-mix structures ranged from 97 to 800 g C m-2 yr-1, with some substrates rivaling that of the natural shell substrate (644 g C m-2 yr-1). Hence, concrete-mix substrates are a viable alternative to using natural oyster shell for restoration.
Building Blocks of “Me”
Authors:   , Tang Yixin
Published: January 2025

Imagine a young child standing in front of a mirror, eyes wide with curiosity, as they begin to recognize themselves. This moment marks the emergence of self-consciousness, which typically develops from around the second year of life (Amsterdam, 1972; Anderson, 1984). From that moment, children begin to discover themselves, encountering a question that has intrigued philosophers for centuries: “Who am I?”. As children grow, they form increasingly abstract representations of themselves. They begin to perceive themselves through the eyes of others, refer to themselves by their name, and form an overall sense of worth known as self-esteem (Brummelman & Thomaes, 2017; Harter, 2012; Rochat, 2009). Self-esteem provides a sense of meaning and value, shaping beliefs, emotions, behaviors, and ultimately significant life outcomes (Brown, 2010; Ford & Collins, 2010; Orth et al., 2012). Thus, it is crucial to understand self-esteem development, especially in its formative years.
As children start to develop an overall sense of worth, pronounced individual differences emerge. Some children develop high self-esteem; they feel good about themselves and view themselves as worthy and deserving. In contrast, others struggle with low self-esteem; they feel disappointed in themselves and question their worth and deservingness. What factors may constitute and shape individual differences in children’s self-esteem?
The self can be understood as both a cognitive and a social construct (Harter, 2008). From a cognitive-developmental perspective, the self develops over time as cognitive processes undergo normative developmental changes (Case, 1992; Fischer, 1980; Harter, 2012). From a social-developmental perspective, social contexts are considered central to self-development. Symbolic interactionists (Cooley, 1902; Mead, 1934) and attachment theorists (Bowlby, 1969) propose that children internalize their socialization experiences with significant others to form their self-representations and evaluations (Fogel et al., 2002; Rochat, 2009; Tice & Wallace, 2003). This dissertation integrates both cognitive and social-developmental perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the origins, manifestations, and pursuit of self-esteem in childhood.
Perceptions of English Teachers in Metro-Lampung on the Implementation of the “Kurikulum Merdeka”
Authors: Septi Anggaira Aria
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe the perception of English subject teachers towards the implementation of the “Kurikulum Merdeka”. The method used is the descriptive method. The sample of this study was 20 English teachers at Junior High School in Metro City, Lampung. Data on teacher perceptions were obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that most participants agreed to the implementation of the “Kurikulum Merdeka” as if and recognized the advantages that existed in the “Kurikulum Merdeka”. Only some of the participants are less able to understand and apply concepts in learning activities optimally. Thus, it can be concluded that the perception of English teachers at public junior high schools in Metro-Lampung has a good perception of the implementation of the “Kurikulum Merdeka”.
Keywords: “Kurikulum Merdeka”, English Teacher, Perception English Teachers
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Bajo di Desa Tondasi Kecamatan Tiworo Utara Kabupaten Muna Barat
Authors: Ali Basri La Ode , Suddin Suharni , Khabiirun Khabiirun , Imran La Ode
Published: January 2025

Penyuluhan terhadap masyarakat pesisir dianggap berperan penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran kolektif, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitar pesisir. Penyuluhan kelompok masyarakat Bajo diharapkan mampu mengubah sikap dan perilaku masyarakat di daerah pesisir serta dapat terlibat langsung untuk mendukung pembangunan di berbagai sektor. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemahaman dan peranan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam perikanan dan kelautan. Pemahaman kelompok nelayan pesisir tentang cara pembudidayaan ikan dan pengolahan udang menjadi sasaran utama dalam pelaksanaan penyuluhan ini. Penyuluhan ini menggunakan metode tatap muka. Pertama, memberikan materi penyuluhan tentang tata cara pembudidayaan ikan. Kedua, memperkenalkan cara pembuatan pengolahan udang dan pemasarannya, ketiga, acara diskusi dan tanya jawab. Dari hasil pengamatan kegiatan di lapangan, diperoleh data dan informasi bahwa pengetahuan dan pemahaman kelompok nelayan pesisir yang bermukim di Desa Tondasi tentang pembudidayaan ikan dan pengolahan udang  masih rendah dan terbatas sehingga diperlukan perhatian dari pemerintah, masyarakat pemerhati maupun lembaga non pemerintah.
SOSIALISASI PENGENALAN SEJARAH LOKAL DALAM UPAYA MENUMBUHKAN MINAT SEJARAH
Authors: Aswati M  , Ali Basri La Ode , Fatma Fatma , Burhan Faika , Hisna Hisna
Published: January 2025

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Internal Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Halu Oleo (PKMI FIB UHO) bertujuan melakukan sosialisasi pengenalan Sejarah Lokal Dalam Upaya Menumbuhkan Minat Sejarah di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara. Pentingnya sosialisasi pengenalan Sejarah Lokal untuk menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman belajar baik siswa maupun guru di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Tim pengabdian memiliki kewajiban dalam memberikan sosialiasi dalam bidang kesejarahan sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di masyarakat. Bidang sejarah tidak hanya berbicara tentang masa lalu namun dapat memanfaatkan Iptek sebagai sumber utama melalui elaborasi sejarah lokal yang ada disekitar masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diharapkan mampu memberikan konstribusi baik guru maupun siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara dalam bersinergi. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai bentuk perhatian tim dalam bidang sejarah untuk tetap menjaga eksistensi sejarah lokal khususnya bagi generasi muda. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode pelaksanaan berupa langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan dalam memberikan pelatihan melalui tahapan persiapan materi, pelaksanaan kegiatan, serta tahapan evaluasi kegiatan
Kata Kunci : Sejarah Lokal; Situs Sejarah, Iptek, Minat Sejarah, SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Konawe Selatan