bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How higher education institutions may catalyse regional innovation ecosystems: The case of polytechnics in Portugal
Authors: Natário Maria Manuela Santos , Oliveira Pedro
Published: September 2024

This article explores the crucial role of higher education institutions in catalysing regional innovation ecosystems. In particular, it aims to study how polytechnics in Portugal have been involved in this process. The research utilizes an exploratory and reflective case study approach to present real-world evidence of collaborative efforts within innovation networks that involve both businesses and the social economy. Thus, the study raises awareness of collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship networks, emphasizing genuine interactive learning and knowledge exchange. Polytechnic institutions can enhance regional competitiveness by providing education and training for future entrepreneurs and highly skilled professionals, as well as offering technological and managerial solutions that drive value creation and the emergence of new businesses and markets, potentially even on an international level. The study also emphasizes the fourth mission of higher education institutions, particularly polytechnic institutes, focusing on empowering communities through social innovation projects for sustainable local and regional development.
Joint British Association for Sexual Health and HIV and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists national UK guideline for the management of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in pregnancy and the neonate (2024 update)
Authors: Clarke Emily , Patel Raj , Dickins Dyan , Fidler Katy , Jackson Allan , Kingston Margaret , Jones Christine , Lyall Hermione , Nicholson Marian , Pelosi Emanuela , Porter David , Powell Gemma , Foley Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

This updated national UK guideline offers recommendations on the management of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) in mothers and pregnant people during pregnancy and within 4 weeks following birth. It includes recommendations for first episode and recurrent HSV, HSV in preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and in co-infection with HSV and HIV. Recommendations around management of the neonate are made, on prevention of postnatal transmission, management of breastfeeding, and the management of clinically discordant couples. This guideline is aimed at healthcare professionals working in sexual health clinics, maternity units, and those working on postnatal wards and neonatal units in the UK. However, the principles of the recommendations should be adopted across all services, including community care.
Psychometric properties evaluation of the Persian version of the self-report outcome scale for lupus disease Lupus_PRO version 1.7
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Bahareh , Mohammadian Youkhabeh , Assar Shirin , Ahmadi Seyyed Mojtaba
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) significantly affects both the quality of life related to health and non-health aspects. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Lupus_PRO questionnaire, version 1.7. The questionnaire serves as a specific self-report outcome scale for assessing the treatment outcomes of Lupus disease.

Methods

The Lupus_PRO questionnaire, version 1.7, was translated into Persian using the standard forward-backward method. After being completed by 218 patients with Lupus, the psychometric properties of the instrument were examined. The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the scale were assessed using Average Variance Extracted and Cross Loadings, respectively. The construct validity of the questionnaire was also evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the reliability of the questionnaire dimensions.

Findings

Out of the 218 patients with lupus who participated in the current study, 13 (6%) were male, and 205 (94%) were female. The mean (SD) age of participants was 40.29 (10.94) years. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for HRQOL and Non-HRQOL constructs, except for the Coping and Cognition dimension, was greater than 0.50, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The interdimensional correlation coefficient (Discriminant Validity) for each dimension with other questionnaire dimensions was less than 0.10, indicating that the questionnaire has good convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that the questionnaire was a suitable fit. In terms of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha for the various questionnaire dimensions ranged from 0.51 to 0.91, indicating good internal consistency.

Conclusion

The Persian version of the Lupus_PRO questionnaire, version 1.7, demonstrates acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian population. This instrument can effectively measure various aspects of the quality of life in patients with lupus.
Reversal of Hyperglycemia by Subcutaneous Islet Engraftment Using an Atelocollagen Sponge as a Scaffold
Authors: Wu Yumeng , Yano Tatsuya , Enomoto Takayuki , Endo Atena , Okada Seiji , Araki Kimi , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen
Published: September 2024

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects 8.4 million people worldwide, with patients primarily relying on exogenous insulin injections to maintain blood glucose levels. Islet transplantation via the portal vein has allowed for the direct internal release of insulin by glucose-sensitive islets. However, this method might not be desirable for future cell therapy transplanting pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells, facing challenges including difficulties in cell retrieval and graft loss due to the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). Here, we established a subcutaneous transplantation protocol using an atelocollagen sponge as a scaffold. While the subcutaneous site has many advantages, the lack of a vascular bed limits its application. To address this issue, we performed angiogenesis stimulation at the transplantation site using bFGF absorbed in a gelatin sponge (Spongel), significantly improving the microvascular area. Our in vivo experiments also revealed angiogenesis stimulation is crucial for reversing hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In addition to the angiogenic treatment, an atelocollagen sponge is used to carry the islets and helps avoid graft leakage. With 800 mouse islets delivered by the atelocollagen sponge, the STZ-induced diabetic mice showed a reversal of hyperglycemia and normalized glucose intolerance. Their normoglycemia was maintained until the graft was removed. Analysis of the harvested islet grafts exhibited a high vascularization and preserved morphologies, suggesting that using an atelocollagen sponge as a scaffold helps maintain the viability of the islet grafts.
A space-adiabatic theorem for longitudinal and transversal wave motion analysis of graded metamaterials
Authors: Liu Pingping , Xiang Hongjun
Published: September 2024

The use of graded metamaterials is widespread in the fields of wave manipulation and energy harvesting. However, they have the drawback of causing energy scattering after a certain period due to wave reflection or trapping, known as the rainbow effect, in some cases. To address this issue, we extend the adiabatic theorem to the spatial modulation field to mitigate the impact of the rainbow effect, thereby enhancing transmission at the interface of graded metamaterials. Firstly, an analytical expression for the limiting gradient in the space-adiabatic theorem is derived. Then, it is applied to study the longitudinal wave motion in a spring-mass with graded resonators (SMGR) system and the transversal wave motion in a beam with graded resonators (BGR) system. The numerical study demonstrates that if the spatial gradient of system properties is small enough to satisfy the adiabatic theorem, wave scattering can almost be neglected, and transmission will experience a significant increase compared to the non-adiabatic case. Finally, the critical boundary between adiabatic and non-adiabatic cases is determined using the fitting method. This study introduces a design strategy for graded metamaterials, offering opportunities for communication, sensing, energy harvesting, and various other applications.
A Qualitative Analysis of Victims’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice for Sexual Victimization
Authors: Acquaviva Brittany L. , Gullion Christi L.
Published: September 2024

Sexual violence is a prevalent crime that is heavily underreported. Police behaviors when responding to such crimes can influence decisions to report. Furthermore, there is a dearth of knowledge on the relationship between procedural justice tenets (e.g., dignity/respect, trustworthiness, fairness/neutrality, and having a voice) and survivors of sexual violence decisions to report. The current study uses 55 semistructured interviews with survivors of sexual violence across the United States to explore procedural justice tenets on individuals’ decisions to report their victimization (or not). Findings underscore the importance for police to interact with survivors with tenets of dignity/respect. Practical implications are further discussed.
Homeward Stroke Recovery: Results of a Home Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Rushanan Scott G. , Giordano Nicholas A. , Keim Susan K.
Published: September 2024

Evaluate the feasibility of a homeward stroke recovery (HSR) program by measuring functional outcomes, intervention fidelity, and Profit & Loss. A retrospective observational analysis of 23 stroke survivors discharged to a home healthcare (HHC) program offering early and intensive rehabilitative therapy within 24 hours of index hospitalization. Functional outcomes include timed up-and-go, transfer functional independent measures, and Barthel Index. Clinical outcomes are mortality, all-cause 30-day hospital readmission, and fall rates. Process measures consist of time-to-first HHC visit, number of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) visits from initial evaluation, and total number of visits by clinician type. Financial outcomes include average daily gross HSR revenue compared with an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) stay and average daily net HSR profit. Functional outcomes significantly improved across all measures ( p < .001) without reported falls, deaths, and only one unrelated readmission. On average, HSR began within 1.6 days from hospital discharge including 4.2 PT and 3.7 OT visits within 5 days of respective initial evaluation. Patients received an average of 9.4 nursing, 9.2 PT, 6.4 OT, and 2.2 speech therapy visits. Exploratory analyses demonstrated similar functional recovery despite longer hospitalization (rs = 0.43; p = .039). Revenue per day was lower for HSR than IRF services but costs exceeded the reimbursement rates for this program. The HSR program is feasible given that patients realized significant functional improvement with negligible consequences. Reimbursement reform is necessary to sustain and scale the program. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Clinical outcomes and complications of a non-modular dual-mobility acetabular device, minimum 2 years follow-up
Authors: Todderud Julia E , Holbrook Lauren , Scott David F
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Non-modular dual-mobility (DM) acetabular bearing constructs are becoming more popular due to their potential advantages for addressing range of motion (ROM) and stability. The objective of this post-market clinical study was to assess clinical outcomes, including patient satisfaction, pain and function, survivorship, and component positioning, in patients ⩾2 years after primary THA using non-modular DM acetabular components.

Methods:

This retrospective, multicentre study evaluated complications and functional outcomes in recipients of non-modular DM acetabular constructs at least 2 years post-THA. Our primary outcomes included the dislocation rate and mean Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (HOOS). Secondary outcomes included radiographic measurements, patient satisfaction, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), and survivorship.

Results:

316 eligible patients enrolled in this study across 3 sites, including 168 men (53%) and 148 women (47%). The cohort averaged 5.37 years post-THA (range 2.2–10.1 years) at the study visit. The mean FJS, HHS, and HOOS were good to excellent, with values of 82.3, 90.7, and 92.0, respectively. Patient satisfaction averaged 4.68, between “Very Good” (4) and “Excellent” (5). Minimal radiolucent lines (RLL) surrounded the acetabulum. More RLL surrounded the femur, but most lines were less than 1 mm (4.7% of the study population). There were few adverse events (4 events, 1.3%). Three revisions were performed (0.9%), with one patient requiring removal of the acetabular cup.

Discussion:

The high mid- to long-term survivorship and low to no dislocation and reoperation rates indicate this acetabular DM device is a viable option for THA patients. The patient metrics reflect satisfaction, alleviated pain, and restored function with a low risk of adverse outcomes.
Multiple sclerosis and cancer: Navigating a dual diagnosis
Authors: Nesbitt Cassie , Van Der Walt Anneke , Butzkueven Helmut , Devitt Bianca , Jokubaitis Vilija G
Published: September 2024

Healthcare breakthroughs are extending the lives of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and cancer survivors, creating a growing cohort of individuals navigating a dual diagnosis. Determining the relationship between MS and cancer risk remains challenging, with inconclusive findings confounded by age, risk exposures, comorbidities, genetics and the ongoing introduction of new MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) across study periods.

This research places significant emphasis on cancer survival, with less attention given to the impact on MS outcomes. Our review explores the existing literature on MS, cancer risk and the intersection of DMTs and cancer treatments. We aim to navigate the complexities of managing MS in cancer survivors to optimise outcomes for both conditions. Continuous research and the formulation of treatment guidelines are essential for guiding future care. Collaboration between neuro-immunology and oncology is crucial, with a need to establish databases for retrospective and ultimately prospective analysis of outcomes in these rapidly evolving fields.
Brain worlds: information order and interwar intellectual cooperation
Authors: Eijking Jan
Published: September 2024

Information is ubiquitous in International Relations (IR), but typically gets treated as a self-evident epistemic resource. A burgeoning IR literature on the politics of knowledge resists such reification, but has not thus far examined information as such. Mobilising its constructivist premises in historical perspective, this article argues that information is not just an epistemic resource but also an ordering concept. The article examines its emergence in and around the interwar League of Nations Organisation for Intellectual Cooperation (OIC), a predecessor of UNESCO. It focuses on two notable but neglected proposals – Paul Otlet’s Mundaneum and H.G. Wells’ World Brain – which considered advances in microfilm storage and bibliography as opportunities to rethink global order. Worried about a crisis of ‘intelligence’ and reducing political conflict to information gaps, Otlet and Wells introduced systems that mimicked imperial global order: information could be organised, curated and shared to ‘diffuse the European mind’. To both, information was not just an epistemic resource but a means of global ordering. Crucially, promoting a world united by information was entirely compatible with infrastructurally reproducing an imperial division of the world by degrees of ignorance. League officials rejected the utopianism of these proposals but held on to the pacifying promise of information. Recovering this history shows how historical perspective allows us to contextualise artificially disembedded IR concepts and objects of governance. It also puts hopes for information as inherently pacifying into perspective: without considering the broader political embeddedness of information, such hopes risk leaving underlying hierarchies intact.
The self-efficacy for regular meditation practice scale (SERMS): Development and psychometric validation
Authors: Hunt Carly A , Letzen Janelle E , Direnzo Dana , Gould Neda F , Sibinga Erica MS , Vetter Maria , Webb Caroline , Finan Patrick H , Mun Chung Jung
Published: September 2024

The health benefits of meditation are well-documented, yet people struggle to practice regularly. Domain-specific self-efficacy is an important modifiable driver of health behavior change that is poorly understood in the meditation context. As such, the present study developed the Self-Efficacy for Regular Meditation Practice Scale (SERMS) assessing confidence in one’s capacity to meditate frequently and in a way that favorably impacts well-being, including securing the psychological, social, and structural supports needed for ongoing practice. Participants provided online survey data at baseline and 1-week follow-up. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted ( n = 249) followed by confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 249). A three-factor structure best fit the data, with subscales measuring self-efficacy to benefit from meditation, persist in meditation, and obtain teacher and community support. Validity and test-retest reliability coefficients supported the SERMS as a promising measure of self-efficacy for meditation that may further research on meditation behavior adoption.
Influence of the flame jet on heat loss and thermal efficiency of lean burn pre-chamber natural gas engine with various geometrical combustion chambers
Authors: Xiong Qian , Zhao Keli , Moriyoshi Yasuo , Morikawa Koji , Kuboyama Tatsuya
Published: September 2024

Due to relatively high thermal efficiency and low NOx emission, the pre-chamber type lean burn natural gas engine for cogeneration is expected to be spread rapidly in the near future. To offer a guidance for designing the pre-chamber natural gas engines, in the present study, the influence of the flame jets on combustion process and thermal efficiency of pre-chamber type lean burn natural gas engine was investigated with various pre-chamber orifice diameters and angles and piston bowl shapes by numerical simulation. The presented results showed that when the orifice diameter is smaller, it results in higher heat loss with the stronger gas flame jets impinging on piston top and cylinder liner walls, but the higher degree of constant volume heat release can be also obtained. Consequently, there is no significant difference in the thermal efficiency for these four orifice diameters. Increasing the angle of the orifice and the depth of the piston bowl can avoid the heat loss caused by the early impact of flame jets on the piston top wall. In addition, compared to the diameter of piston bowl, the depth of piston bowl, which is related to the distance from the orifice to the piston bowl, should have more effect on the combustion process and thermal efficiency. For wider orifice angle, the heat loss was also increased, particularly to cylinder head. Finally, the optimal thermal efficiency obtained by balancing heat loss and the degree of constant volume heat release is 44.73%.
Silver-plated stretchable elastomeric electrodes for electrotherapy applications
Authors: Ali Azam , Tomkova Blanka , Islam Saharin , Farooq Assad , Howari Haidar , Subrova Tereza , Wiener Jakub , Militky Jiri
Published: September 2024

The present study aimed to develop wearable, electrically conductive hygienic electrodes and their use for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) application. The development of electrodes was done in two stages. Firstly, the dispersion of conductive activated carbon particles was done into flexible elastomer followed by its silver electroplating. The Orthogonal Array Testing (OATS) technique was used to optimize the silver-plating recipe. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the impact of activated carbon by increase in intensity of stretching bands. To improve electrode properties in response to various human body movements, resistivity changes due to stretching and repeated extension were tested on conductive elastomers. Increasing the extension degree allowed a very minute change in electrical resistivity. Therefore, the resistivity can be considered almost constant within the 0-60 % stretch range. While, a notable increase in electrical resistivity was observed after 70 % of stretch. However, the resistivity of elastomers remained stable even after repetitive extension (for over 100 cycles). Conversely, no significant change in resistivity was observed over time when subjected to a constant current. Furthermore, to minimize the effect of skin electrode resistivity during electrotherapy, the range of different pressure was applied over the surface of electrodes. Minimum value of resistivity about 1 Ω.mm was obtained at 6 N/cm2 of applied pressure. Additionally, hygienic properties, such as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal were examined using different pathogens to assess the impact of the deposited silver particles. In the end, the durability of electrodes against washing and rubbing was confirmed. The potential applications of prepared electrodes are in the field of electrostimulation and electrotherapy etc.
Role of Olive Leaf Extract, Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Low Radiation Dose in Alleviating Hepatic Injury in Rats
Authors: Gharib Ola A. , Fahmy Hanan A. , Abdou Fatma Y.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or low-dose gamma radiation (LDR) on liver injury compared to the effect of olive leaf extract as a hepatoprotective agent.

Methods

Rats were allocated into six groups; group I served as the negative control. Group II received 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in its drinking water for 1 week. Group III was injected with a single dose of 1 × 106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) intravenously. Group IV was treated as in group III after 5% DSS treatment. Group V was given 5% DSS, followed by olive leaf extract (OLE) (1000 mg/ kg, oral). Group VI: 5% DSS for 1 week, then was exposed to low-dose gamma radiation (LDR) (0.05 Gy).

Results

Rats treated with OLE, BM-MSCs, or exposed to LDR exerted significant alleviation in all hepatic biomarkers, significant enhancements in oxidative stress parameters, and improvements in inflammatory biomarkers Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Interferon gamma (INF-γ) hepatic contents compared with those of the DSS group. Histological pictures emphasized the biochemical findings.

Conclusions

BM-MSCs might be a valuable therapeutic approach to overcome hepatic injury. Exposure to LDR provided protective mechanisms that allow the body to survive better.
Frictional power loss in journal bearing considering parabolic shape for the bearing edges under misalignment
Authors: Jamali Hazim U , Aljibori HSS , Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Mohammed MN , Abdullah Oday I , Schlattmann Josef
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been a rising demand for minimizing any power loss in industrial applications due to the direct relation to economic as well as climate considerations. This work investigates the parameters that affect the frictional power loss in journal bearings as they are widely used in such applications. The frictional power loss is calculated considering misalignment conditions in the vertical and horizontal planes with the use of a modified bearing shape. Wide ranges of misalignment and bearing shape parameters are considered in the numerical investigation to study the combined effects of misalignment and bearing shape. It has been found that the misalignment significantly increases the frictional power loss at high operating speed levels. The use of a modified bush shape can play an important role in reducing the frictional power loss as well as, it added further advantages in elevating the lubricant film thickness and reducing the pressure levels. Results show that using a modified bearing shape despite the presence of severe misalignment levels reduces the maximum pressure from 20.30 to 17.94 MPa, increasing the minimum film thickness from 2.66 to 8.21 [Formula: see text] and reducing the fictional power loss from 1179.74 to 1094.41 W.
Comfort evaluation of carrier-based aircraft missile handling operation based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Liu Qinhui , Han Zhongyan , Liu Fangxu , Yang Jie
Published: September 2024

The analysis and evaluation of missile handling operation are crucial for ensuring safety and reliability during these processes. This paper proposes a novel assessment method for missile handling motions based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The methodology comprises several stages: Initially, an analysis of missile handling motions is conducted. Subsequently, joint evaluation indicators influencing operational comfort are selected. Following this, membership functions and a comprehensive evaluation matrix are constructed. Finally, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the comfort level of carrier-based aircraft ammunition handling operations is established. A typical case study of carrier-based aircraft missile handling operation is presented to illustrate the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process. The evaluation results are then compared with those obtained from the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) models. Comparative analysis indicates that the results derived from the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model demonstrate high reliability.
Is the presence of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in a calyceal diverticulum a risk factor for early metastasis? A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mustafa Mahmoud , Hijaz Hatem , Aghbar Amir , Barqawi Abdelkarim , Alami Ibraheem , Khalil Nabil
Published: September 2024

Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma poses diagnostic challenges due to its prevalence and diverse clinical presentations. This case report describes the incidental discovery of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma during the management of a 48-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and an asymptomatic right renal stone. During flexible ureteroscopy for stone removal, papillary lesions were identified within a calyceal diverticulum and confirmed as high-grade transitional cell carcinoma. The unique anatomy of the calyceal diverticulum, characterized by its restricted wall thickness, may predispose the tumor to early metastasis. Additionally, there is a concern about potential iatrogenic dissemination of tumor cells to the bladder during the ureteroscopic procedure. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities associated with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in rare anatomical locations and emphasizes the need for careful consideration of both procedural factors and anatomical features to manage the risk of metastasis and tumor dissemination effectively.
The Impact of Home- and Community-Based Services on the Health of Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lyu Xuanru , Fan Yangyang
Published: September 2024

The impact of Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) on the health of older adults has been a topic of concern for geriatric health and policy development. However, the existing studies have yielded inconsistent empirical findings. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of HCBS on the physical and mental health of older adults. We conducted a meta-analytic examination of 26 correlations in 11 separate studies, using random-effects meta-analysis to pool the data. The findings support a positive relationship between HCBS and the health of older adults, with a highly significant positive correlation with mental health ( r = .532, 95% CI: [0.201, 0.864]) and a weak positive correlation with physical health ( r = .076, 95% CI: [−0.171, 0.324]) in older adults. The study found high correlations between HCBS and well-being and depression relief, while the correlations between HCBS and self-rated health (SRH) and physical function were moderate and weak, respectively. Furthermore, the effects did not differ across different measurements of HCBS, duration of service, or country of investigation. These findings suggest that practitioners should develop precise integration of community care services with healthcare services, providing a full spectrum of services throughout the lifecycle to enhance the health and well-being of older adults.
Self-Transcendence Explains How Stress Reduces Mental Well-Being in Emerging Adults: A Conditional Approach of Coping Flexibility
Authors: Arslan Gökmen , Özdemir Bişkin Serap , Uzun Kıvanç
Published: September 2024

Stress and well-being are important life experiences, but we cannot improve well-being by avoiding stress. If we want to increase well-being, we can start by determining the relationship between stress and well-being and other factors that may be effective in this relationship. This cross-sectional study investigates the hypothetical mediating and moderating roles of self-transcendence and coping flexibility in the relationship between stress and mental well-being among Turkish university students. A total of 403 students enrolled in a state university in Türkiye participated in the study. The sample was 75% female ( n = 302) and 25% male ( n = 101), with ages ranging from 18 to 25 years ( M = 21.21, SD = 2.70). Findings revealed that stress significantly predicted university students’ mental well-being in a negative direction. Furthermore, the study identifies self-transcendence and coping flexibility as hypothetical mediators in the relationship between stress and mental well-being. Finally, it was found that coping flexibility moderated the effect of stress on self-transcendence and mental well-being. Under conditions of high coping flexibility, there are stronger, negative associations between stress and self-transcendence and stress and mental well-being. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the important role of self-transcendence and coping flexibility in promoting mental well-being and combating stress in the university environment.
Late Neo-colonialism: Monopoly Capitalism in Permanent Crisis
Authors: Yeros Paris , Jha Praveen
Published: September 2024

This article celebrates the lifelong contribution of Samir Amin by advancing the analysis of the long crisis of monopoly capitalism. It takes issue with reductionist and ahistorical theories of crisis to grasp the nature of the present as a terminal systemic crisis, which has played out in the long transition from colonialism to neo-colonial rule. Kwame Nkrumah had foretold of the destructive nature of this transition for both North and South, and he had astutely seen in it ‘the last stage of imperialism’. Late neo-colonialism represents the stalemate of this transition. Its elements include, on the one hand, the collapse of the Bandung movement and the Soviet system, and on the other, the permanent crisis of monopoly capitalism. The neoliberal assault on the peoples of the South, in particular, has not brought resolution to the profitability crisis. The concentration of capital persists today hand in hand with the escalation of primitive accumulation and war, while national sovereignty continues to fray in the peripheries, where a series of countries succumb to a new semi-colonial situation, whereas others fall prey to fascism. The crisis of monopoly capitalism will only be overcome when genuine solidarity takes root among the North and South and the socialist transition takes hold—as Amin so fervently defended.
The Incidence of Injuries to Ramp Semimembranosus Complex Lesions After ACL Injury: An MRI Study
Authors: Druel Julien , Jacquet Christophe , Escudier Jean-Charles , Desmaison Chloé , Raghbir Khakha , Ollivier Matthieu , Guenoun Daphné
Published: September 2024

Background:

Medial meniscal ramp lesions have recently been an area of interest because of their recognized prevalence in association with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. Anatomically, the medial meniscal ramp is composed of the meniscocapsular ligament in continuity with the semimembranosus muscle and the meniscotibial ligament. Diagnosis of ramp semimembranosus complex (RSC) injuries remains challenging, and their prevalence is likely to be underestimated in comparison with ramp lesions.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of RSC lesions after a complete ACL rupture.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective database analysis was performed. The cohort consisted of the first 100 patients with complete ACL rupture confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who underwent knee arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction in 2019. The semimembranosus lesions were identified using MRI by 2 independent radiologists specializing in musculoskeletal imaging. The ramp lesions were initially diagnosed using MRI and then confirmed during arthroscopy by an experienced knee surgeon. The magnitude of rotatory instability was recorded using the pivot-shift test. A multivariate analysis was used to determine the lesions associated with the semimembranosus complex.

Results:

Of 100 patients, 53 showed lesions of the RSC; among them, 30 ramp lesions were confirmed after arthroscopic evaluation, and 40 semimembranosus lesions (23 without ramp lesion and 17 with ramp lesion) were found using MRI. A positive pivot shift was present in 57% of patients with combined RSC injury ( P = .04) compared with 36% in patients without an RSC lesion.

Conclusion:

Lesions of the RSC were found in more than half of ACL ruptures in this retrospective cohort. Rotational instability could be associated with combined ACL and RSC injury.
Community Beliefs and Practices Around High Fertility in a High-Risk Environment: A Qualitative Study on Porja Hilly Tribe Living in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Samakya Srividhya
Published: September 2024

This study aims to document the tribal community beliefs and practices around fertility behaviours of the Porja vulnerable tribal group in Andhra Pradesh, India. With the purposive sampling method, 175 mothers of reproductive age (>15–49 years) were selected based on the inclusion criteria of having experienced fertility practices and the cultural significance associated with it. The socio-demographic profiles and the fertility rates of 175 mothers have been enumerated through household survey methods and semi-structured interview schedules. The qualitative data collection involved 42 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions (involving 6–10 women) on specific sociocultural practices around fertility behaviour patterns. Handwritten interviews and conversations were transcribed and coded into themes and categories. Views from the themes reveal that the sociocultural environment has influenced fertility behaviours. Age at marriage and conception at adolescence are the main factors affecting tribal fertility. Traditional fertility-seeking behaviour indicated sequential care from traditional birth attendants and local medicinal women (providing medicine for early conception and birth spacing). The preference for two sons’ was the theme that largely influenced fertility trends. There is a need for comprehensive healthcare intervention in the PVTG tribal areas to lessen the unhealthy reproductive practices that affect tribal survival chances, leading to higher mortality rates.
Tackling Multiple Biologic Failure in Psoriasis: Research and Advocacy Perspectives
Authors: Haran Kathryn , Gondo George , Smith Payton , Johnson Chandler , Kranyak Allison , Bhutani Tina , Liao Wilson
Published: September 2024

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease commonly treated with biologic therapies. While there are currently 12 different biologics approved for psoriasis, there still exists a challenging subset of patients who have tried and failed biologics from multiple classes. In this commentary, we discuss the research and advocacy-based efforts by the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) and academic collaborators to understand and better support multiple biologic failure (MBF) psoriasis patients. The NPF MBF registry will gather clinical and demographic information on MBF patients to improve therapeutic outcomes, while legislative efforts through NPF Capitol Hill Day aim to advance federal laws in support of all psoriasis patients, with a recent focus on access to biologic therapy. Together, these 2 efforts will improve the care for all people living with psoriasis, including those experiencing MBF.
A study of the core semantic features of the radical “zou走” in Chinese  characters
Authors: Kim Sihyun
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on Chinese characters with the radical “ zou 走,” positing that specific semantic features among zou’s semantic features play a central role in their core meanings. The objective is to elucidate the core semantic features observed within the group of characters incorporating zou as a radical. According to the findings, characters with the zou radical can primarily be categorized into two semantic fields: “motion” and “movement,” with a total of 17 related semantic items identified. These generated semantic items appear to differentiate each meaning item due to factors of focus, akin to creating a new lexicon. The core semantic features were derived as [ + Motion][ + Action][+Tool (feet)]. Thus, it is discernible that characters with the zou radical are all related to actions involving feet, indicating motion.
Immune reconstitution and evolution of B-cell–stimulating cytokines after R-CHOP therapy for HIV-associated DLBCL
Authors: Liévin Raphaël , Maillard Alexis , Hendel-Chavez Houria , Krzysiek Roman , Lancar Remi , Algarte-Genin Michele , Costagliola Dominique , Assoumou Lambert , Taoufik Yassine , Besson Caroline
Published: September 2024

HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this prospective study, we analyzed the evolution of B-cell activating cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-10, and B-cell activating factor [BAFF]) and main functional subsets of circulating B and T cells in 51 patients with HIV-associated DLBCL treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, Oncovin [vincristine], and prednisone). R-CHOP therapy was associated with a decrease of IL-10, whereas IL-6 levels fluctuated, and BAFF levels increased during the first 3 months and decreased thereafter. We observed a rapid rise in CD19+ B cells composed mostly of naïve B cells whereas marginal zone–like B cells and memory B cells recovered gradually. With a median follow-up of 41 months, progression-free survival and overall survival at 5 years were 61.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.6-80.4) and 67.4% (95% CI, 53.4-85.0), respectively. Progression (17.5%) and sepsis (12.5%) were the main causes of death. Baseline risk factors for death and progression were poor revised International Prognostic Index (P = .049), natural killer cell lymphopenia (P = .001), lower proportion of naïve B cells (P = .017), and higher IL-6 serum levels (P = .001). Our data suggest that patients treated with R-CHOP for HIV-associated DLBCL have a disturbed peripheral B-cell compartment and that the low pool size of circulating naïve B cells negatively affects their clinical outcome. In an era of development of B-cell–depleting therapies including B-cell–targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells, assessment of perturbations within nontumoral B-cell counterparts are warranted for risk profiling in HIV-associated DLBCL. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01164436.
Tocilizumab for cystoid macular edema secondary to retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Abramowicz Stéphane , Kamgang Semeu Prochore , Nubourgh Isabelle , Postelmans Laurence , Willermain François
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To describe the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ) on cystoid macular edema (CME) and retinal vascular leakage (RVL) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

Retrospective case series.

Results

We present 2 cases of RP with marked inflammatory features in the form of CME and RVL. There was initial diagnostic uncertainty with posterior uveitis. Both patients were treated with corticosteroids, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs), and biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) for the inflammatory features with partial and inconsistent treatment response. When treatment was switched to intravenous (IV) TCZ, dramatic reduction in CME and RVL were observed in both patients. Diagnosis of RP was eventually made based on findings of ancillary tests (macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, visual fields, full-field electroretinogram). Genetic testing led to a molecular diagnosis of EYS-related autosomal recessive RP in patient 1, while patient 2 had negative gene panel results.

Conclusions

IV TCZ can be an effective treatment option in RP-related CME and RVL. Whether this treatment strategy has an effect on prognosis remains to be established, but it is possible considering chronic CME-related retinal damage is a major driver of central vision loss in RP.
Hypoxia increases triacylglycerol levels and unsaturation in tomato roots
Authors: Striesow Johanna , Welle Marcel , Busch Larissa Milena , Bekeschus Sander , Wende Kristian , Stöhr Christine
Published: September 2024

Background

Plants are designed to endure stress, but increasingly extreme weather events are testing the limits. Events like flooding result in submergence of plant organs, triggering an energy crisis due to hypoxia and threaten plant growth and productivity. Lipids are relevant as building blocks and energy vault and are substantially intertwined with primary metabolism, making them an ideal readout for plant stress.

Results

By high resolution mass spectrometry, a distinct, hypoxia-related lipid composition of Solanum lycopersicum root tissue was observed. Out of 491 lipid species, 11 were exclusively detected in this condition. Among the lipid classes observed, glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids dominated by far (78%). Differences between the lipidomic profiles of both analyzed conditions were significantly driven by changes in the abundance of triacylglycerols (TGs) whereas sitosterol esters, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholine play a significantly negligible role in separation. Alongside, an increased level of polyunsaturation was observed in the fatty acid chains, with 18:2 and 18:3 residues showing a significant increase. Of note, hexadecatetraenoic acid (16:4) was identified in hypoxia condition samples. Changes in gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism corroborate the above findings.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report on a hypoxia-induced increase in TG content in tomato root tissue, closing a knowledge gap in TG abiotic stress response. The results suggest that the increase in TGs and TG polyunsaturation degree are common features of hypoxic response in plant roots.
Assessing vaccine strategies for mpox outbreak in New York City using an age-structure model
Authors: Xiong Zixiao , Xue Ling , Li Xuezhi , Zhang Yanfen
Published: September 2024

Background

Since May 7 2022, mpox has been endemic in many countries which has attracted the attention of health authorities in various countries and made control decisions, in which vaccination is the mainstream strategy. However, the shortage of vaccine doses and the reduction of protective efficacy have led to unresolved issues such as vaccine allocation decisions and evaluation of transmission scale.

Methods

We developed an epidemiological model to describe the prevalence of the mpox virus in New York City and calibrated the model to match surveillance data from May 19 to November 3, 2022. Finally, we adjusted the model to simulate and compare several scenarios of non-vaccination and pre-pandemic vaccination.

Results

Relative to the status quo, if vaccination is not carried out, the number of new infections increases to about 385%, and the transmission time will be extended to about 350%, while if vaccinated before the epidemic, the number of new infections decreases to 94.2-96%.

Conclusions

The mpox outbreak in New York City may be linked to the Pride event. However, with current vaccine coverage, there will be no more large-scale outbreaks of mpox, even if there is another similar activity. For areas with limited vaccines, priority is given to high-risk groups in the age group [34–45] years as soon as possible.
The requirements of providing health education for rural people through electronic methods: the experiences and perspectives of community health workers
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hadi , Tayebi Zahra , Amerzadeh Mohammad , Pouragha Behrooz , Hatefnia Effat , Moeini-Mostofi Shahab , Hosseini Seyedeh Sedreh , Poormoosa Yasaman
Published: September 2024

Background

Reliance solely on traditional approaches in health education is no longer considered sufficient, and electronic/digital education can be a complementary approach. Implementing electronic methods in health education requires identifying the requirements from the perspective of the service providers. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the experiences and perspectives of community health workers (Behvarzan) regarding the requirements for providing health education for rural people through electronic/digital means.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2022 at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 Behvarzan from Health Houses (HH) in Karaj City. The data were analyzed using the inductive Elo & Kyngas approach and conventional content analysis facilitated with MAXQDA software.

Results

After analyzing the results, we extracted 139 open codes, and by merging them for more precise coding and to facilitate the research process, we formed three main themes and ten subthemes. The themes included Technology (technical infrastructure, content production, content delivery methods, and content delivery channels), Facilities and equipment (communication equipment and electronic content repositories), and Stakeholders (training of providers, motivating providers, persuading learners and target groups, and reference groups).

Conclusion

From the perspective of rural healthcare workers, the implementation of electronic education requires necessary technology, equipment, facilities, processes, and content should be pursued and provided through specialized working groups, extending from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education to local HHs. These resources should be available to the healthcare workers and their target populations. Concurrently, educational programs and incentives should be defined and offered at the university level and within health networks for rural healthcare workers and their populations.