bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated autophagy in muscle precursor cells from humans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Henriksen T. I. , Wigge L. V. , Nielsen J. , Pedersen B. K. , Sandri M. , Scheele C.
Published: June 2019

Autophagy is active during cellular remodeling including muscle differentiation. Muscle differentiation is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes and we therefore hypothesize that muscle precursor cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a dysregulation of their autophagy leading to impaired myogenesis. Muscle precursor cells were isolated from people with T2DM or healthy controls and differentiated in vitro. Autophagy marker levels were assessed by immunoblotting. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes between healthy and T2DM groups were identified based on a previously published RNA-sequencing data-set, which we verified by RT-qPCR. siRNA was used to assess the function of differentially expressed autophagy genes. Basal autophagy increases during human muscle differentiation, while T2DM muscle cells have reduced levels of autophagy marker ATG7 and show a blunted response to starvation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the 3 non-canonical autophagy genes DRAM1, VAMP8 and TP53INP1 as differentially expressed between healthy and T2DM groups during myoblast differentiation, and that T53INP1 knock-down alters expression of both pro-and anti-apoptotic genes. In vitro differentiated T2DM muscle cells show differential expression of autophagy-related genes. These genes do not regulate myogenic transcription factors but may rather be involved in p53-associated myoblast apoptosis during early myogenesis.
Field Angle Tuned Metamagnetism and Lifschitz Transitions in UPt3
Authors: Shivaram B. S. , Holleis Ludwig , Ulrich V. W. , Singleton John , Jaime Marcelo
Published: June 2019

Strongly correlated electronic systems can harbor a rich variety of quantum spin states. Understanding and controlling such spin states in quantum materials is of great current interest. Focusing on the simple binary system UPt3 with ultrasound (US) as a probe we identify clear signatures in field sweeps demarkating new high field spin phases. Magnetostriction (MS) measurements performed up to 65 T also show signatures at the same fields confirming these phase transitions. At the very lowest temperatures (<200 mK) we also observe magneto-acoustic quantum oscillations which for θ = 90° (B||c-axis) and vicinity abruptly become very strong in the 24.8–30 T range. High resolution magnetization measurements for this same angle reveal a continuous variation of the magnetization implying the subtle nature of the implied transitions. With B rotated away from the c-axis, the US signatures occur at nearly the same field. These transitions merge with the separate sequence of the well known metamagnetic transition which commences at 20 T for θ = 0° but moves to higher fields as 1/cosθ. This merge, suggesting a tricritical behavior, occurs at θ ≈ 51° from the ab-plane. This is an unique off-symmetry angle where the length change along the c-axis is precisely zero due to the anisotropic nature of MS in UPt3 for all magnetic field values.
Effect of structure and composition on the electronic excitation induced amorphization of La2Ti2−xZrxO7 ceramics
Authors: Sassi Michel , Kaspar Tiffany , Rosso Kevin M. , Spurgeon Steven R.
Published: June 2019

Understanding the response of ceramics operating in extreme environments is of interest for a variety of applications. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations have been used to investigate the effect of structure and B-site (=Ti, Zr) cation composition of lanthanum-based oxides (La2B2O7) on electronic-excitation-induced amorphization. We find that the amorphous transition in monoclinic layered perovskite La2Ti2O7 occurs for a lower degree of electronic excitation than for cubic pyrochlore La2Zr2O7. While in each case the formation of O2-like molecules drives the structure to an amorphous state, an analysis of the polyhedral connection network reveals that the rotation of TiO6 octahedra in the monoclinic phase can promote such molecule formation, while such octahedral rotation is not possible in the cubic phase. However, once the symmetry of the cubic structure is broken by substituting Ti for Zr, it becomes less resistant to amorphization. A compound made of 50% Ti and 50% Zr (La2TiZrO7) is found to be more resistant in the monoclinic than in the cubic phase, which may be related to the lower bandgap of the cubic phase. These results illustrate the complex interplay of structure and composition that give rise to the radiation resistance of these important functional materials.
The foliar application of a mixture of semisynthetic chitosan derivatives induces tolerance to water deficit in maize, improving the antioxidant system and increasing photosynthesis and grain yield
Authors: Rabêlo Valquíria Mikaela , Magalhães Paulo César , Bressanin Letícia Aparecida , Carvalho Diogo Teixeira , Reis Caroline Oliveira dos , Karam Decio , Doriguetto Antônio Carlos , Santos Marcelo Henrique dos , Santos Filho Plínio Rodrigues dos Santos , Souza Thiago Corrêa de
Published: June 2019

Research has shown that chitosan induces plant stress tolerance and protection, but few studies have explored chemical modifications of chitosan and their effects on plants under water stress. Chitosan and its derivatives were applied (isolated or in mixture) to maize hybrids sensitive to water deficit under greenhouse conditions through foliar spraying at the pre-flowering stage. After the application, water deficit was induced for 15 days. Analyses of leaves and biochemical gas exchange in the ear leaf were performed on the first and fifteenth days of the stress period. Production attributes were also analysed at the end of the experiment. In general, the application of the two chitosan derivatives or their mixture potentiated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase at the beginning of the stress period, in addition to reducing lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde content) and increasing gas exchange and proline contents at the end of the stress period. The derivatives also increased the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in their production (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase). Dehydroascorbate reductase and compounds such as total soluble sugars, total amino acids, starch, grain yield and harvest index increased for both the derivatives and chitosan. However, the mixture of derivatives was the treatment that led to the higher increase in grain yield and harvest index compared to the other treatments. The application of semisynthetic molecules derived from chitosan yielded greater leaf gas exchange and a higher incidence of the biochemical conditions that relieve plant stress.
Medial artery calcification increases neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury
Authors: Marshall Andre P. , Luo Weifeng , Wang Xue-lin , Lin Tonghui , Cai Yujun , Guzman Raul J.
Published: June 2019

Arterial calcification predicts accelerated restenosis after angioplasty and stenting. We studied the effects of calcification on neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in the rat carotid. Arterial calcification was induced by subcutaneous injection of vitamin D3 or by adventitial application of calcium chloride. After balloon catheter injury, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly increased in rats with medial calcification compared with controls. Neointimal cell proliferation in calcified arteries as assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was also higher. In calcified arteries, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)levels were increased at the time of injury suggesting a possible explanation for the altered responses. In vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) grown under calcifying conditions , stimulation with BMP-2 significantly increased cell proliferation, however, this did not occur in those grown under non-calcifying conditions. These data suggest that neointimal hyperplasia is accelerated in calcified arteries and that this may be due in part to increased BMP-2 expression in medial SMCs. Treatments aimed at inhibiting restenosis in calcified arteries may differ from those that work in uncalcified vessels.
Employing graphene acoustoelectric switch by dual surface acoustic wave transducers
Authors: Lee Ching-Ping , Hong Yu-Peng , Shen Man-Ting , Tang Chiu-Chun , Ling D. C. , Chen Yung-Fu , Wu Cen-Shawn , Chen Jeng-Chung
Published: June 2019

We implement a logic switch by using a graphene acoustoelectric transducer at room temperature. We operate two pairs of inter-digital transducers (IDTs) to launch surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on a LiNbO3 substrate and utilize graphene as a channel material to sustain acoustoelectric current Iae induced by SAWs. By cooperatively tuning the input power on the IDTs, we can manipulate the propagation direction of Iae such that the measured Iae can be deliberately controlled to be positive, negative, or even zero. We define the zero-crossing Iae as $${I}_{ae}^{off}$$

I

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, and then demonstrate that Iae can be switched with a ratio $${I}_{ae}^{on}/{I}_{ae}^{off}\, \sim \,{10}^{4}$$

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n

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f
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~

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at a rate up to few tens kHz. Our device with an accessible operation scheme provides a means to convert incoming acoustic waves modulated by digitized data sequence onto electric signals with frequency band suitable for digital audio modulation. Consequently, it could potentially open a route for developing graphene-based logic devices in large-scale integration electronics.
Uncovering of natural allelic variants of key yield contributing genes by targeted resequencing in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Vemireddy Lakshminarayana R. , Kadambari Gopalakrishnamurty , Reddy G. Eswar , Kola Vijaya Sudhakara Rao , Ramireddy Eswarayya , Puram Venkata Ramana Rao , Badri Jyothi , Eslavath Suresh N. , Bollineni Swarajyalakshmi N. , Naik Bukya J. , Chintala Sreelakshmi , Pottepalem Rameshbabu , Akkareddy Srividhya , Nagireddy Ranjithkumar , Reddy Lachagari V. B. , Bodanapu Reddaiah , Lekkala Sivarama P. , Chakravartty Navajeet , Siddiq E. A.
Published: June 2019

In rice (Oryza sativa L.), during the course of domestication, numerous beneficial alleles remain untapped in the progenitor wild species and landraces. This study aims at uncovering these promising alleles of six key genes influencing the yield, such as DEP1, Ghd7, Gn1a, GS3, qSW5 and sd1 by targeted resequencing of the 200 rice genotypes. In all, 543 nucleotide variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion and deletion polymorphisms were identified from the targeted genes. Of them, 225 were novel alleles, which identified in the present study only and 91 were beneficial alleles that showed significant association with the yield traits. Besides, we uncovered 128 population-specific alleles with indica being the highest of 79 alleles. The neutrality tests revealed that pleiotropic gene, Ghd7 and major grain size contributing gene, GS3 showed positive and balanced selection, respectively during the domestication. Further, the haplotype analysis revealed that some of the rice genotypes found to have rare haplotypes, especially the high yielding variety, BPT1768 has showed maximum of three genes such as Gn1a-8, qSW5-12 and GS3-29. The rice varieties with novel and beneficial alleles along with the rare haplotypes identified in the present study could be of immense value for yield improvement in the rice breeding programs.
Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Tse , Lo Yun , Yi Pei-Lu , Chang Fang-Chia
Published: June 2019

Stress is one of major factors that cause sleep problems. Hypocretin represents a stress-related neuropeptide and is well known in maintaining physiological wakefulness. The hypocretinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and transmit to several brain regions, including the median raphe nuclei (MRNs). The MRNs modulate both fear responses and sleep-wake activity; however, it remains unclear whether stress alters the levels of hypocretin to regulate MRNs and consequently disrupt sleep. In this paper, we employed the inescapable footshock stimuli (IFS) as a stressor and hypothesized that the IFS-induced sleep disruption is mediated by increased hypocretins in the MRNs. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations of hypocretin in the hypothalamus increased after IFS. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced after footshock, and microinjection of non-selective hypocretin receptor antagonist TCS-1102 into the MRNs blocked the IFS-induced decrease of REM sleep. Furthermore, administration of hypocretins into the MRNs mimicked the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction. These results conclude that the increased levels of hypocretins in the MRNs mediate the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction.
Amino-isocyanoacridines: Novel, Tunable Solvatochromic Fluorophores as Physiological pH Probes
Authors: Nagy Miklós , Rácz Dávid , Nagy Zsolt László , Fehér Péter Pál , Kovács Sándor Lajos , Bankó Csaba , Bacsó Zsolt , Kiss Alexandra , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor
Published: June 2019

Amino-isocyanoacridines (ICAAcs), as first members of their class, turned out to be a novel, multifunctional acridine orange (AO) type dye family with a number of additional favorable properties. They have enhanced solvatochromic emission range, low quantum yields (ΦF = 2.9–0.4%) in water, reduced basicity (pKa = 7.05–7.58), and their optical behavior could be fine-tuned by complexation with Ag(I) ions, too. Based on both their vibronic absorption and the charge transfer bands, ICAAcs can be applied as stable pH-probes with great precision (2–3% error) in the physiological pH range of 6–8 using UV-vis and fluorescence detection. The dyes are also able to sense pH change in different microenvironments, such as the Stern layer, as it was demonstrated on sodium lauryl sulfate micelles. The optical behavior of the ICAAc derivatives is discussed based on high-level quantum chemical calculations. All three dyes are well-applicable with conventional epifluorescence imaging. Furthermore, at the blue excitation, diMICAAc is optimally suited as a whole-cell probe for both the conventional microscopic and the laser-illumination studies, like flow- and imaging cytometric, or confocal laser-scanning microscopic examinations.
Harnessing digital technology to predict, diagnose, monitor, and develop treatments for brain disorders
Authors: Stroud Clare , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Manji Husseini
Published: June 2019

Digital technologies—including smartphones, wearables, and social media data—show great potential for helping to alleviate suffering from brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and schizophrenia. However, as researchers, technology developers, disease-focused groups, and others forge forward to take advantage of the tremendous opportunities in this domain, it is important to avoid hype and overpromising, and to ensure that this work is done rigorously and collaboratively. In June 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop that brought together a wide range of experts and stakeholders. The workshop provided an opportunity to take stock of the rapidly-evolving landscape and discuss how to work together to address both scientific and practical challenges, so that the potential of digital technologies can be translated into meaningful contributions toward the health of individuals and society. Workshop presentations and discussions focused on four key challenges: transforming data into insight, navigating regulatory pathways, designing user-centered tools, and building partnerships across a complex ecosystem. This article highlights the many issues, challenges, and opportunities discussed by individual participants at the workshop.
Correction: Corrigendum: Effect of Short-Term Mobile Phone Base Station Exposure on Cognitive Performance, Body Temperature, Heart Rate and Blood Pressure of Malaysians
Authors: Malek F. , Rani K. A. , Rahim H. A. , Omar M. H.
Published: June 2019

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 13206; published online: 19 August 2015; updated: 21 November 2016. This Article contains typographical errors in the Methodology section, “The GSM900 has a frequency of 945 MHz with a power flux density of 280 W/m2 while the GSM1800 contains a frequency of 1840MHz with a power flux density of 250 W/m2 over the area in which the subject is positioned”.
Structural diversity, magnetic property, or luminescence sensing of Co(ii) and Cd(ii) coordination polymers derived from designed 3,3′-((5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid
Authors: Yang Dong-Dong , Lu Li-Ping , Zhu Miao-Li
Published: June 2019

Three Co(ii)-CPs and two Cd(ii)-CPs were synthesized and the Cd(ii)-CPs can detect CrO42− and Cr2O72− anions in aqueous solution.
A rich structural chemistry in π-conjugated hydroisocyanurates: layered structures of A2B(H2C3N3O3)4·nH2O (A = K, Rb, Cs; B = Mg, Ca; n = 4, 10) with high ultraviolet transparency and strong optical anisotropy
Authors: Meng Xianghe , Liang Fei , Kang Kaijin , Tang Jian , Huang Qian , Yin Wenlong , Lin Zheshuai , Xia Mingjun
Published: June 2019

Mixed alkali/alkali-earth metal hydroisocyanurates A2B(H2C3N3O3)4·nH2O (A = K, Rb, Cs; B = Mg, Ca, n = 4, 10) with strong optical anisotropy were grown.
A novel Zr-MOF-based and polyaniline-coated UIO-67@Se@PANI composite cathode for lithium–selenium batteries
Authors: Ye Wenkai , Wang Ke , Yin Weihao , Chai Wenwen , Rui Yichuan , Tang Bohejin
Published: June 2019

In this work, we synthesized a novel UIO-67@Se@PANI composite cathode material for Li–Se battery applications.
Rapid dry exfoliation method for tuneable production of molybdenum disulphide quantum dots and large micron-dimension sheets
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa , Ahmed Heba , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: June 2019

A liquid-free technique is presented for exfoliating molybdenum disulphide into monolayer large sheets or quantum dots using MHz-order sound waves.
Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new conjugated building block with hexyl or octyl alkyl side chains for electropolymerization studies and its biosensor applications
Authors: Ponnappa Supreetha Paleyanda , Liu Qian , Umer Muhammad , MacLeod Jennifer , Jickson Jospeh , Ayoko Godwin , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Sonar Prashant
Published: June 2019

Naphthalene flanked DPP with hexyl and octyl chain based electropolymerized conjugated polymers exhibits bio-sensing.
Development of highly productive nickel–sodium phenoxyphosphine ethylene polymerization catalysts and their reaction temperature profiles
Authors: Tran Thi V. , Nguyen Yennie H. , Do Loi H.
Published: June 2019

Heterobimetallic nickel–sodium phenoxyphosphine complexes were found to be among one of the most efficient late metal catalysts for ethylene polymerization.
Atomic layer deposition and tellurization of Ge–Sb film for phase-change memory applications
Authors: Kim Yewon , Han Byeol , Kim Yu-Jin , Shin Jeeyoon , Kim Seongyoon , Hidayat Romel , Park Jae-Min , Koh Wonyong , Lee Won-Jun
Published: June 2019

We studied the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the tellurization of Ge–Sb films to prepare conformal crystalline Ge–Sb–Te (GST) films and to achieve void-free gap filling for emerging phase-change memory applications.
Enhanced cellular uptake and photochemotherapeutic potential of a lipophilic strained Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex
Authors: Mehanna Stephanie , Mansour Najwa , Audi Hassib , Bodman-Smith Kikki , Mroueh Mohamad A. , Taleb Robin I. , Daher Costantine F. , Khnayzer Rony S.
Published: June 2019

A strained Ru(ii) prodrug exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and phototoxicity due to its lipophilic properties.
Mesoporous semiconductors combined with up-conversion nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy under near infrared light
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Jun , Jiang Xue , Wu Weiwei , Wang Zhenni , Zeng Qi , Lv Ruichan
Published: June 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising and effective method for tumor therapy that relies on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photosensitizers at specific wavelengths to inhibit tumor cells.
One-pot construction of diverse and functionalized isochromenoquinolinediones by Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation of unprotected arylamides with 3-diazoquinolinediones and their application for fluorescence sensor
Authors: Shrestha Rajeev , Khanal Hari Datta , Lee Yong Rok
Published: June 2019

An efficient Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation of arylamides with 3-diazoquinolinediones for the construction of diverse and highly functionalized isochromenoquinolinedione derivatives is described.
Well-controlled foam-based solid coatings
Authors: Mouquet A. , Khidas Y. , Saison T. , Faou J.-Y. , Pitois O.
Published: June 2019

An efficient method is presented for producing open-cell foam coatings having tunable pore size distribution, tunable thickness, and tunable bulk and surface porosities.
Assessment of molecular dynamics simulations for amorphous poly(3-hexylthiophene) using neutron and X-ray scattering experiments
Authors: Wolf Caitlyn M. , Kanekal Kiran H. , Yimer Yeneneh Y. , Tyagi Madhusudan , Omar-Diallo Souleymane , Pakhnyuk Viktoria , Luscombe Christine K. , Pfaendtner Jim , Pozzo Lilo D.
Published: June 2019

An honest discussion on the strengths and limitations of molecular dynamics force fields for P3HT through neutron scattering.
Flat-shaped carbon–graphene microcomposites as electrodes for high energy supercapacitors
Authors: Moreno-Fernández Gelines , Gómez-Urbano Juan L. , Enterría Marina , Rojo Teófilo , Carriazo Daniel
Published: June 2019

Graphene–carbon composites with flat-shaped microstructures exhibited superior electrochemical performances as electrodes for supercapacitors in different electrolytes.
Deep insights into the exfoliation properties of MAX to MXenes and the hydrogen evolution performances of 2D MXenes
Authors: Cheng Yuwen , Wang Lijuan , Song Yan , Zhang Yumin
Published: June 2019

Surface terminated O-p orbital center εp, could be used as a good descriptor for HER of MXenes.
A promising strategy to tune the Schottky barrier of a MoS2(1−x)Se2x/graphene heterostructure by asymmetric Se doping
Authors: Hu Jisong , Duan Wangyang , He Hua , Lv Hui , Huang Chuyun , Ma Xinguo
Published: June 2019

An asymmetric doping concept for tuning the Schottky barrier of a heterostructure.
Moisture-resistant and highly efficient narrow-band red-emitting fluoride phosphor K2NaGaF6:Mn4+ for warm white LED application
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhu Haomiao , Li Renfu , Huang Decai , Luo Benlong , You Wenwu , Ke Jianxi , Yi Xiaodong , Shang Xiaoying , Xu Jin , Deng Zhonghua , Xu Li , Guo Wang , Chen Xueyuan
Published: June 2019

The site occupation/evolution of Mn4+ ions in K2NaGaF6 crystals and their excellent moisture-resistant performance.
Highly omnidirectional and frequency tunable multilayer graphene-based monopole patch antennas
Authors: Kim Yun Ki , Lee Yeri , Shin Keun-Young , Jang Jyongsik
Published: June 2019

Highly omnidirectional and frequency tunable antennas based on multilayer graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes were produced by a facile fabrication method.
Non-enzymatic glucose sensor with electrodeposited silver/carbon nanotubes composite electrode
Authors: Shabbir Syeda Ammara , Tariq Sana , Ashiq M. Gul Bahar , Khan Waqar A.
Published: June 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a debilitating disease that affects each and every organ of human body. Hence it is important to continuously monitor the glucose level throughout the day and night. Glucose sensors are in great demand due to a rapid increase in diabetic community. A strategy has been implemented here to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the support of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs). Silver/carbon nanotubes (Ag/CNTs) nanocomposite electrode have been prepared by electrochemical process on Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, by varying silver (Ag) concentrations for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The variable Ag concentration in the morphology of Ag/CNTs nanocomposite has influenced the electrical conductivity, oxidation and reduction potential and electrochemical activity of glucose. Highest current density and good electrocatalytic activity for electrodes are obtained at 70 mM concentration of silver in Ag/CNTs composite. The present study indicates that the Ag/CNTs electrode is a possible substitute of the expensive glassy carbon electrode for enzyme-free glucose sensors.
Regulatory mechanisms of Robo4 and their effects on angiogenesis
Authors: Dai Chang , Gong Qiaoyun , Cheng Yan , Su Guanfang
Published: June 2019

Roundabout4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance molecules. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific receptor that participates in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis and the maintenance of vasculature homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze three main mechanisms related to the expression and function of Robo4 during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. In this review, static shear stress and the binding of transcription factors such as E26 transformation-specific variant 2 (ETV2) and Slit3 induce Robo4 expression and activate Robo4 during tissue and organ development. Robo4 interacts with Slit2 or UNC5B to maintain vascular integrity, while a disturbed flow and the expression of transcription factors in inflammatory or neoplastic environments alter Robo4 expression levels, although these changes have uncertain functions. Based on the mechanisms described above, we discuss the aberrant expression of Robo4 in angiogenesis-related diseases and propose antiangiogenic therapies targeting the Robo4 signaling pathway for the treatment of ocular neovascularization lesions and tumors. Finally, although many problems related to Robo4 signaling pathways remain to be resolved, Robo4 is a promising and potentially valuable therapeutic target for treating pathological angiogenesis and developmental defects in angiogenesis.
The emerging role of circular RNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Si-ying , Chen Wei , Yang Su-jin , Xu Zi-han , Hu Jia-hua , Zhang He-da , Zhong Shan-liang , Tang Jin-hai
Published: June 2019

Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and leading cause of cancer deaths among females worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous regulatory RNAs characterized by circular shape resulting from covalently closed continuous loops that are capable of regulating gene expression at transcription or post-transcription levels. With the unique structures, circRNAs are resistant to exonuclease RNase R and maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Recently, an increasing number of circRNAs are discovered and reported to show different expression in BCa and these dysregulated circRNAs were correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade in the progression of BCa. CircRNAs participate in the bioprocesses of carcinogenesis of BCa, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumorigenesis, vascularization, cell invasion, migration as well as metastasis. Here we concentrated on biogenesis and function of circRNAs, summarized their implications in BCa and discussed their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for BCa.
Deorphanizing NUDIX hydrolases from Trypanosoma: tantalizing links with metabolic regulation and stress tolerance
Authors: Matange Nishad
Published: June 2019

An explosion of sequence information in the genomics era has thrown up thousands of protein sequences without functional assignment. Though our ability to predict function based on sequence alone is improving steadily, we still have a long way to go. Proteins with common evolutionary origins carry telling sequence signatures, which ought to reveal their biological roles. These sequence signatures have allowed us to classify proteins into families with similar structures, and possibly, functions. Yet, evolution is a perpetual tinkerer, and hence, sequence signatures alone have proved inadequate in understanding the physiological activities of proteins. One such enigmatic family of enzymes is the NUDIX (nucleoside diphosphate linked to a moiety X) hydrolase family that has over 80000 members from all branches of the tree of life. Though MutT, the founding member of this family, was identified in 1954, we are only now beginning to understand the diversity of substrates and biological roles that these enzymes demonstrate. In a recent article by Cordeiro et al. in Bioscience Reports [Biosci. Rep. (2019)], two members of this protein family from the human pathogen Trypanosoma brucei were deorphanized as being polyphosphate hydrolases. The authors show that of the five NUDIX hydrolases coded by the T. brucei genomes, TbNH2 and TbNH4, show in vitro hydrolytic activity against inorganic polyphosphate. Through classical biochemistry and immunostaining microscopy, differences in their substrate specificities and sub-cellular localization were revealed. These new data provide a compelling direction to the study of Trypanosome stress biology as well as our understanding of the NUDIX enzyme family.
Physical conditions in Centaurus A’s northern filaments
Authors: Salomé Q. , Salomé P. , Gusdorf A. , Combes F.
Published: June 2019

NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best targets to study AGN-feedback in the local Universe. Optical filaments located at 16 kpc from the galaxy along the radio jet direction show recent star formation, likely triggered by the interaction of the jet with an H I shell. A large reservoir of molecular gas has been discovered outside the H I. In this reservoir, lies the Horseshoe complex: a filamentary structure seen in CO with ALMA and in Hα with MUSE. The ionised gas is mostly excited by shocks, with only a minor contribution of star formation. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) to observe the 12CO(3-2) and 12CO(4-3) transitions, as well as dense gas tracers in the Horseshoe complex. 12CO(3-2) and 12CO(4-3) are detected for the first time in the northern filaments of Centaurus A, with integrated intensity line ratios R32 ∼ 0.2 and R43 ∼ 0.1, compared to the 12CO(1-0) emission. We also derived a line ratio R21 ∼ 0.6, based on previous 12CO(2-1) observations. We used the non-LTE radiative transfer code RADEX and determined that the molecular gas in this region has a temperature of 55−70 K and densities between 2−6 × 102 cm−3. Such densities are also in agreement with results from the Paris-Durham shock code that predicts a post-shock density of a few 100 cm−3. However, we need more observations of emission lines at a better angular resolution in order to place tighter constraints on our radiative models, whether they are used as a stand-alone tool (LVG codes) or combined with a shock model.
The hidden heart of the luminous infrared galaxy IC 860
Authors: Aalto S. , Muller S. , König S. , Falstad N. , Mangum J. , Sakamoto K. , Privon G. C. , Gallagher J. , Combes F. , García-Burillo S. , Martín S. , Viti S. , van der Werf P. , Evans A. S. , Black J. H. , Varenius E. , Beswick R. , Fuller G. , Henkel C. , Kohno K. , Alatalo K. , Mühle S.
Published: June 2019

High-resolution (0.​​″03–0.​​″09 (9–26 pc)) ALMA (100–350 GHz (λ3 to 0.8 mm)) and (0.​​″04 (11 pc)) VLA 45 GHz measurements have been used to image continuum and spectral line emission from the inner (100 pc) region of the nearby infrared luminous galaxy IC 860. We detect compact (r ∼ 10 pc), luminous, 3 to 0.8 mm continuum emission in the core of IC 860, with brightness temperatures TB >  160 K. The 45 GHz continuum is equally compact but significantly fainter in flux. We suggest that the 3 to 0.8 mm continuum emerges from hot dust with radius r ∼ 8 pc and temperature Td ∼ 280 K, and that it is opaque at millimetre wavelengths, implying a very large H2 column density N(H2)≳1026 cm−2. Vibrationally excited lines of HCN ν2 = 1f J = 4 − 3 and 3–2 (HCN-VIB) are seen in emission and spatially resolved on scales of 40–50 pc. The line-to-continuum ratio drops towards the inner r = 4 pc, resulting in a ring-like morphology. This may be due to high opacities and matching HCN-VIB excitation- and continuum temperatures. The HCN-VIB emission reveals a north–south nuclear velocity gradient with projected rotation velocities of ν = 100 km s−1 at r = 10 pc. The brightest emission is oriented perpendicular to the velocity gradient, with a peak HCN-VIB 3–2 TB of 115 K (above the continuum). Vibrational ground-state lines of HCN 3–2 and 4–3, HC15N 4–3, HCO+ 3–2 and 4–3, and CS 7–6 show complex line absorption and emission features towards the dusty nucleus. Redshifted, reversed P-Cygni profiles are seen for HCN and HCO+ consistent with gas inflow with νin ≲ 50 km s−1. Foreground absorption structures outline the flow, and can be traced from the north-east into the nucleus. In contrast, CS 7–6 has blueshifted line profiles with line wings extending out to −180 km s−1. We suggest that a dense and slow outflow is hidden behind a foreground layer of obscuring, inflowing gas. The centre of IC 860 is in a phase of rapid evolution where an inflow is building up a massive nuclear column density of gas and dust that feeds star formation and/or AGN activity. The slow, dense outflow may be signaling the onset of feedback. The inner, r = 10 pc, IR luminosity may be powered by an AGN or a compact starburst, which then would likely require a top-heavy initial mass function.
Extended halo of NGC 2682 (M 67) from Gaia DR2
Authors: Carrera R. , Pasquato M. , Vallenari A. , Balaguer-Núñez L. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Mapelli M. , Bragaglia A. , Bossini D. , Jordi C. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Solano E.
Published: June 2019

Context. NGC 2682 is a nearby open cluster that is approximately 3.5 Gyr old. Dynamically, most open clusters are expected to dissolve on shorter timescales of ≈1 Gyr. That it has survived until now means that NGC 2682 was likely much more massive in the past and is bound to have an interesting dynamical history.

Aims. We investigate the spatial distribution of the stars in NGC 2682 to constrain dynamical evolution of the cluster. We particularly focus on the marginally bound stars in the cluster outskirts.

Methods. We used Gaia DR2 data to identify NGC 2682 members up to a distance of ∼150 pc (10°). The two methods Clusterix and UPMASK were applied to this end. We estimated distances to obtain 3D stellar positions using a Bayesian approach to parallax inversion, with an appropriate prior for star clusters. We calculated the orbit of NGC 2682 using the GRAVPOT16 software.

Results. The cluster extends up to 200′ (50 pc), which implies that its size is at least twice as large as previously believed. This exceeds the cluster Hill sphere based on the Galactic potential at the distance of NGC 2682.

Conclusion. The extra-tidal stars in NGC 2682 may originate from external perturbations such as disc-shocking or dynamical evaporation from two-body relaxation. The former origin is plausible given the orbit of NGC 2682, which crossed the Galactic disc ≈40 Myr ago.
Organocerium: A New Contender for Halogen–Metal Exchanges
Authors: Music Arif , Didier Dorian
Published: June 2019

In the context of our current research on dependable and sustainable methods for C–C bond-forming reactions, we have recently developed new strategies to generate organocerium reagents through simple bromide–cerium exchanges. n-Bu3Ce enabled a fast and general access to functionalized triaryl- and alkenyl cerium species from the corresponding aryl- and alkenyl bromides. A broad range of these new organocerium species was engaged in Zweifel’s olefination, allowing for the synthesis of widely substituted alkene derivatives in a stereospecific way. Herein, we place the formation of organocerium species in the context of known organometallic reagents (Li, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ca, La, and Sm) generated through halogen–metal exchange reactions and their application in further transformations.
Contribution of dislocation pileups to acoustic nonlinearity parameter
Authors: Gao Xiang , Qu Jianmin
Published: June 2019

This paper develops an analytical model to calculate the acoustic nonlinearity parameter induced by dislocation pileups in isotropic elastic solids. It shows that the pileup-induced acoustic nonlinearity parameter depends on the pileup length, number of dislocations in a pileup, Burgers vector, and dislocation density. Additionally, it is found that the formula for pileup-induced acoustic nonlinearity parameter has a similar mathematical form to those for other types of defects such as dislocation strings, dislocation dipoles, and extended dislocations. They are all scaled with a dimensionless parameter (Lch/b)n, where Lch is a characteristic length of the defect, b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector, and n is either 3 or 4.
Modulating hydrogen diffusion on metal surfaces by nonadiabatic transitions
Authors: Tao Guohua
Published: June 2019

Nonadiabatic transitions may be used as a promising tool for dynamical control. However how it could be applied to and affect surface diffusion remains largely unexplored. Here a nonadiabatic model was proposed based on the classical mapping theory to introduce multistate couplings in addition to the bare surface diffusion. By performing nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation on a benchmark system of atomic hydrogen diffusion on the Cu (001) surface, it is demonstrated that nonadiabatic transitions could modulate diffusion dynamics in a robust way, i.e. either suppressing or promoting it. Depending on the design for the coupling regime in the nonadiabatic model, simulation results show that aside for the nonadiabatic damping effect, the diffusion constant of H atom could be enhanced by a factor of 2-6 in the temperature range of T = 500-600 K. The effect of nonadiabatic transitions may provide an explanation to the significant discrepancy between experimental measured diffusion constant and previous theoretical predictions. By highlighting the role of nonadiabatic effects, in particular under nonequilibrium conditions, this work sheds light on the development of new molecular control schemes for practical applications.
Coral stays healthy by internal ocean flow within colony
Authors: Frum Larry
Published: June 2019

Hydrodynamic ocean flow differences between exterior, interior safeguard coral health
Where to prescribe burn: the costs and benefits of prescribed burning close to houses
Authors: Florec Veronique , Burton Michael , Pannell David , Kelso Joel , Milne George
Published: June 2019

Prescribed burning is used in Australia as a tool to manage fire risk and protect assets. A key challenge is deciding how to arrange the burns to generate the highest benefits to society. Studies have shown that prescribed burning in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) can reduce the risk of house loss due to wildfires, but the costs and benefits of different arrangements for prescribed burning treatments have rarely been estimated. In this study, we use three different models to explore the costs and benefits of modifying the spatial arrangement of prescribed burns on public land, using the south-west of Western Australia as a case study. We simulate two hypothetical scenarios: landscape treatments and WUI treatments. We evaluate the long-term costs and benefits of each scenario and compare the results from the three models, highlighting the management implications of each model. Results indicate that intensifying prescribed burning treatments in public land in the WUI achieves a greater reduction in damages compared with applying the majority of the treatments in rural areas. However, prescribed burning in the WUI is significantly more expensive and, despite additional benefits gained from this strategy, in most cases it is not the most economically efficient strategy.
Multiple Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Involuntary Treatment Orders: A Meta-synthesis of the Qualitative Evidence toward an Exploratory Model
Authors: Goulet Marie-Hélène , Pariseau-Legault Pierre , Côté Cindy , Klein Alana , Crocker Anne G.
Published: June 2019

Involuntary treatment orders (ITOs) represent coercive leverage for treatment adherence against the will of individuals incapable of providing consent. ITOs have failed to demonstrate benefits in quantitative studies, but little attention has been paid the growing body of qualitative evidence on ITOs. The current study is an interpretative meta-synthesis designed to integrate qualitative evidence and enhance our understanding of stakeholders’ perspectives (service users, relatives, professionals, psychiatrists) of ITOs in the context of mental health care. Forty-four studies met the following inclusion criteria, peer-reviewed empirical qualitative studies, and focus on perspectives and experiences of ITOs in a mental health context. Themes resulting from the analysis are: an ITO as leverage to manage compliance and risk; legal concerns; learning to play the game; building a therapeutic relationship in a coercive context; positive and negative impacts of ITOs; family involvement; and discharge. Based on these themes, an exploratory model of ITOs is proposed.
Optimization of a Customized Mixed Model Assembly Using MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Kuriakose R.B , Vermaak H.J
Published: June 2019

The relevance of assembly line balancing has never been more critical as it is now with the advent of Industry 4.0. This paper considers the case study of a Mixed Model Assembly Line in the form of a water bottling plant. The paper initially discusses the design consideration of the water bottling plant and how it was modelled in Simulink. Next the paper chooses an appropriate optimization technique and runs it on the model with real-time inputs. Finally, an analysis is done to test the impact of optimization and if it has improved the production time of the water bottling plant. The results of the study aim to add knowledge to the field of Mixed Model Assembly line balancing.
Prototype of Visible Light Communication Transceiver Using Array Photo Transistor for Real Time Digital Media Transfer
Authors: Wijayanto Inung , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Renggani Retno
Published: June 2019

Previous research about low cost visible light communication (VLC) transceiver prototype was conducted which able to reach 98 cm, 70° and 19200 bps of transmitting distance, maximum transmission angle and transmission rate, respectively. The next prototype is built to get better performance by adding a reflector to the array phototransistor and split the power of the transceiver in order to maximize the light of the LED. This new prototype surpasses our target by reaching 134 cm of transmission distance. The system is also able to send digital multimedia files such as text, images, video in MPEG format and audio files in WAV and Mp3 format. The maximum bit rate of our prototype is 9600 bps and acceptance angle is 87°.
Quality Assessment of DEM Generated from SAR Radargrammetry Based on Cross-Correlation and Spatial Resolution Setting
Authors: Arief R , Setiyoko A , Maulana R , Ali S , Sudiana D , Arymurthy A M
Published: June 2019

DEM as a model of earth’s surface model plays an important role in the environmental analysis. The most common recent technology in producing DEM is SAR. Even though it has advantages compared to optical approach, DEM generated from SAR still has issues regarding process setting regarding cross-correlation and spatial resolution determination. Both aspects will affect the volume of output data and computational effort. This research project is aimed to analyze the effects of cross-correlation and spatial resolution determination in DEM generation process to its accuracy. Several experiment scenarios of cross-correlation and spatial resolution setting had been applied to TerraSAR-X data. Overall output is shown that determination of cross-correlation threshold and spatial resolution in processing stages will have a significant effect on the accuracy of DEM generated. Gaps of data often occur in several sets of both aspects.
Towards Personalization to support Learners’ Motivation on Gamified MOOC Platform
Authors: Saputro Rujianto Eko , Salam Sazilah , Zakaria Mohd. Hafiz , Septiadi Abednego Dwi
Published: June 2019

Online learning expands along with the development of information technology. One model of online education that widely used because it is open and massive today is the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). However, the problems that arise at the MOOC are related to the high drop out rate caused by the lack of motivation of users to complete the course. Various approaches are taken to deal with this, one of which is by utilising elements of the game through gamification and personalisation to understand the factors needed by learners in the learning environment. This research proposes a personalised design through self-determination. The results of the study have implemented on a new Gamified MOOC platform that pays attention to learner personalisation regarding competency, autonomy and relatedness.
Drone Tracking Modelling Ontology for Tourist Behavior
Authors: Rusdi Jack Febrian , Salam Sazilah , Abu Nur Azman , Sahib Shahrin , Naseer Muchammad , Abdullah Abdul Aziz
Published: June 2019

Availability of internet access is one of the needs for tourists when traveling. Unfortunately, the availability of access is quite limited when in a tourist destination, usually Wi-Fi also generally uses a closed system that cannot be accessed by just anyone, except those who get access keys only. This paper provides a solution for the model of internet access for tourists provided by Tourism Service Providers, by utilizing drone technology as an access point. In addition, this model also provides services to track the position of tourists who spread and facilities for communication between tourists, especially for certain conditions, such as the occurrence of saturation for tourists while in one of the tourist destinations.
Analysis Of Alpha And Beta EEG Signal Pattern In Trypophobia Condition With Wavelet Method
Authors: Herdaning Jehan Pratama , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Wijayanto Inung
Published: June 2019

A phobia is a human fear of things that are sometimes very simple for some people. One of them is Trypophobia which is a fear of visualizing small holes. The effect of the trypophobia effect can we analyze his brain waves using an Electroencephalograph. In this study, a system was developed to classify a person’s condition without Trypophobia (normal) and the condition of a person with Trypophobia based on analysis of alpha and beta EEG signals. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) used for classifying conditions. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to reduce the raw dimensions of EEG signals and retrieve signal features. The test results show that the best performance obtained in beta signals which have the highest diagnostic parameter accuracy, namely Maximum, Standard Deviation and Variance with 100% accuracy, with computation time 0.027 and 0.037 seconds. While for alpha signals obtained with Variance and Interquartile Range parameters of 96.42% with a time of 0.03 and 0.032 seconds.