bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Z‐scheme 2D/2D Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Xiao Xinyan , Lu Mingli
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

With the rapid development of industry and commerce, organic pollutants such as RhB are detrimental to human health and living environment. As a promising technology for treating the organic pollutants in wastewater, photocatalysis technology has received worldwide attention. For practical application, a novel photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic activity should be developed.

RESULTS

A novel Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl (BC2) heterojunction photocatalyst with 2D/2D structure was fabricated via a facile one‐pot solvothermal method. Compared with pure Bi4O5Br2 and BiOCl, the BC2 heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance which reached 91% photodegradation efficiency for RhB under 120 min irradiation of simulated solar‐light at pH 7. And 99% RhB was degraded by BC2 under 60 min irradiation at pH 6.

CONCLUSION

According to experimental and characterization analytical results, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl (BC2) heterojunction could be attributed to the following four points: (i) The BC2 heterojunction with excellent visible light response could effectively utilize the simulated solar‐light. (ii) The more negative surface electronegativity of BC2 favored the adsorption of RhB during the photodegradation process. (iii) The 2D/2D BC2 heterojunction had large interface region and internal electric field, thus it displayed superior carriers transfer capability and enhanced charge separation efficiency. (iv) The carriers transfer mechanism of Z‐scheme could hinder the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and endow this photocatalyst with enough redox capacity to degrade RhB. Moreover, slightly acidic condition (pH 6) could promote degradation of RhB, due to the enhanced adsorption capacity of BC2 heterojunction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Osteotomy training for dental students using three‐dimensional simulation software and maxillofacial three‐dimensional‐printed models
Authors: Yoshida Shuji , Watanabe Akira , Sugahara Keisuke , Odaka Kento , Katakura Akira , Takano Masayuki
Published: January 2022

Purpose/objectives

Simulated educational models of teeth, bones, and gums have been used for a long time in procedural skills training in dentistry.  The advent of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies and additive manufacturing has facilitated the production of more advanced 3D printed models that can be utilized for surgical and dental training together with other technologies (e.g., 3D scanners and image analysis software).

Methods

We conducted training on osteotomy in the maxilla and mandible using maxillofacial simulation software (MSS) and a 3D‐printed model for 5th‐year undergraduate dental students (13 students in 2017 and 11 students in 2018 with more than half of their results). We compared the group (13 students) who performed osteotomy after participating in the simulation lecture with those (11 students) who performed osteotomy after performing self‐simulation (they were instructed to bring their personal computers and install the MSS) using tests and questionnaires (pre‐ and post‐curriculum).

Results

The average test score was significantly higher in the group who performed osteotomy using the 3D‐printed model after performing self‐simulation; participants in this group had acquired a better understanding of the surgical procedure. Comparison using questionnaires showed a significant difference in the students’ understanding of instruments and surgical techniques between both groups.

Conclusion

The MSS and 3D printed models are widely used clinically. Incorporating these in the curriculum will help accelerate student development. In addition, prompt education on the purpose and usefulness of these tools will not only facilitate simulation software and 3D‐printed model‐based treatment plan in the clinic but also promote further research.
A comprehensive review on nanobiotechnology for bioremediation of heavy metals from wastewater
Authors: Malik Sumira , Kishore Shristi , Shah Maulin P. , Kumar Shradha A.
Published: January 2022

Removal of contaminants from wastewater is a big concern for the scientific community. Heavy metals are one of the major contaminants present in wastewater. Heavy metals such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and so forth, are highly toxic and pose a serious threat to the environment due to their nonbiodegradable nature. With the advent of nanobiotechnology, heavy metal contaminants can be mitigated with the help of nanomaterials produced by eco‐friendly methods. Specially designed bionanomaterials often exhibit properties such as increased shelf life, self‐healing nature, adaptability in different environments, and cost‐effectiveness, thus showing advantages over nanomaterials produced by physicochemical methods. Due to their high specificity and adsorption capacity, bionanomaterials can remove heavy metals present even in a very low concentration in wastewater. The use of bionanotechnology in their remediation paves a way for environmental sustainability and helps in cost reduction. This paper intends to discuss the nanobiotechnological approach for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. Furthermore, the paper also reviews some important nanomaterials and their potential applications in the depollution of heavy‐metal contaminated wastewater.
Traumatic stress symptoms predict restraint incidents in children and adolescents in psychiatric residential treatment
Authors: Brown Wilson J. , Nedelman Anthony J. , Phillips William G. , Stankus Jaclynn S. , Amoscato Laura E. , Schwartz Eric
Published: January 2022

The early identification of youth at risk for restraint incidents is an important next step to reducing the likelihood of such incidents. Yet, the extant research has not comprehensively investigated the idiographic factors that contribute to the restraint of youth in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTFs). The current study investigated client‐level predictors of restraint incidents, with specific emphasis on youth client trauma history and traumatic stress symptoms as assessed at admission. Participants were children and adolescents (N = 150; 55.3% female, 66.7% White, 33.3% Black or biracial) aged 6–17 (M = 11.8 years) admitted to a PRTF in the northeastern United States. A negative binomial regression with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to examine the relative contributions of age, gender, length of stay, number of psychiatric diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), and traumatic stress symptoms at intake to the frequency of restraint incidents. The model was significant, χ2(6, N = 150) = 30.326, p < .001, and both length of stay, β = .005, p < .001, IRR = 1.005, and traumatic stress symptoms at intake, β = .072, p = .007, IRR = 1.074, were identified as significant predictors within the model. Although length of stay is an obvious predictor of restraint incidents, the current study is the first of which we are aware to identify traumatic stress symptoms at intake as a potential indicator of restraint frequency following admission. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Translational Development of a Silk‐Elastinlike Protein Polymer Embolic for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization
Authors: Hatlevik Øyvind , Jensen Martin , Steinhauff Douglas , Wei Xiaomei , Huo Eugene , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta , Cappello Joseph , Cheney Darwin , Ghandehari Hamidreza
Published: January 2022

Locally blocking blood flow to tumors with embolic materials is the key to transcatheter arterial embolization for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Current microparticle agents do not deeply penetrate target tissues and are compatible with a very limited selection of therapeutic agents. Silk‐elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) combine the solubility of elastin and the strength of silk to create an easily injected liquid embolic that transition into a solid depot amenable to loading with drugs, gene therapy agents, or biologics. SELP, injected as liquid solution, penetrates the vasculature before transitioning to a solid hydrogel. The objective of this manuscript is to evaluate SELP embolization, stability, and biocompatibility at 7‐, 30‐, and 90‐day survival intervals in a porcine model. SELP embolics selectively block blood flow in the kidneys and livers, with no off‐target infarctions. As assessed with angiography, SELP renal embolization exhibits decreasing persistence for the duration of the 90‐day study period. There is an increased presence of microscopic SELP emboli in the renal setting, compared to Embosphere. Histologically scored inflammatory reactions to SELP are decreased in both the renal and hepatic implantations compared to Embosphere. In conclusion, a bioresorbable SELP liquid embolic system deeply penetrates target tissue and selectively embolizes blood vessels in vivo.
Four‐component relativistic calculations of NMR shielding constants of the transition metal complexes. Part 1: Pentaammines of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium
Authors: Samultsev Dmitry O. , Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: January 2022

The nonrelativistic and four‐component fully relativistic calculations of 1H, 15N, 59Co, 103Rh, and 193Ir shielding constants of pentaammineaquacomplexes of cobalt(III), rhodium(III), and iridium(III) were carried out at the density functional theory (DFT) level of theory. The noticeable deshielding relativistic corrections were observed for nitrogen shielding constants (chemical shifts), whereas those corrections were found to be negligible for protons. For the transition metals cobalt, rhodium, and iridium, relativistic corrections to their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding constants were found to be rather small for cobalt and rhodium (some 5–10%), whereas they are essentially larger for iridium (up to 70%).
Dietary lapses are associated with meaningful elevations in daily caloric intake and added sugar consumption during a lifestyle modification intervention
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie P. , Evans E. Whitney , Espel‐Huynh Hallie M. , Goldstein Carly M. , Karchere‐Sun Renee , Thomas J. Graham
Published: January 2022

Objective

Lapses from the dietary prescription in lifestyle modification interventions for overweight/obesity are common and impact weight loss outcomes. While it is expected that lapses influence weight via increased consumption, there are no studies that have evaluated how dietary lapses affect dietary intake during treatment. This study examined the association between daily lapses and daily energy and macronutrient intake during a lifestyle modification intervention.

Methods

This study used an intensive longitudinal design to observe participants throughout a 6‐month lifestyle modification intervention. Participants (n = 32) were adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index 25–50 kg/m2) and a diagnosed cardiovascular disease risk factor (e.g., hypertension) with a desire to lose weight. Participants underwent a gold‐standard individual in‐person lifestyle modification protocol consisting of 3 months of weekly sessions with 3 months of monthly sessions. Each participant's dietary prescription included a calorie target range that was based on their starting weight. Participants completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA; repeated daily smartphone surveys) every other week to self‐report on dietary lapses and telephone‐based 24‐h dietary recalls every 6 weeks.

Results

On days with EMA and recalled intake (n = 210 days), linear mixed models demonstrated significant associations between daily lapse and higher total daily caloric intake (B = 139.20, p < 0.05), more daily grams of added sugar (B = 16.24, p < 0.001), and likelihood of exceeding the daily calorie goal (B = 0.89, p < 0.05). The associations between daily lapse and intake of all other daily macronutrients were non‐significant.

Conclusions

This study contributes to literature suggesting that dietary lapses pose a threat to weight loss success. Results indicate that reducing lapse frequency could reduce overall caloric intake and added sugar consumption.
Das Magnetfeld einer langen Spule
Authors: Paulus Gerhard G. , Bollig Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Das Magnetfeld außerhalb einer langen Spule ist entgegen verbreiteter Ansicht nicht Null, sondern gleicht dem eines Drahtes, der von einem gleich starken Strom wie die Spule durchflossen wird. Der gedachte Draht verläuft parallel zur Spulenachse. Zwar verschwinden bei einer unendlich langen Spule die Magnetfeldkomponenten in dieser Richtung und radial nach außen, aber nicht die zur Spulenwicklung tangentiale Komponente. Dies lässt sich in einem einfachen Experiment mit einer Spule und einer Kompassnadel demonstrieren. Mit dieser Anordnung kann man zudem die lokale Stärke des Erdmagnetfelds bestimmen.
Wie man einen Quasar wiegt
Authors: Bosco Felix , Pott Jörg‐Uwe
Published: January 2022

Rotierende Gaswolken in der Umgebung von supermassereichen Schwarzen Löchern in den Zentren von Galaxien geben Hinweise auf die Masse dieser kosmischen Objekte. Astronomen haben die Bewegung dieses Gases nun zum ersten Mal direkt beobachten können, und zwar zu einem Zeitpunkt, als das Universum noch keine drei Milliarden Jahre alt war.
Motorisierte Tröpfchen
Authors: Löwen Hartmut , Grauer Jens , Schmidt Falko , Liebchen Benno
Published: January 2022

Setzt man verschiedene Kolloidpartikelsorten einem nahezu kritischen Lösungsmittel unter Einfluss von Laserlicht aus, dann bilden sich spontan neue dynamische Superstrukturen. Unser Forschungsteam von der Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, der Technischen Universität Darmstadt und der Universität Göteborg, Schweden, hat nun Rückkopplungsprozesse ausgenutzt, die zu motorisierten Tröpfchen führen. Diese Konglomerate haben wir „Droploids“ genannt – ein Portmanteau aus den Wörtern Droplets und Colloids.
Durchs Glas geschaut: Rotwein als Farbfilter
Authors: Kasper Lutz , Vogt Patrik
Published: January 2022

Bekanntlich trinkt das Auge mit. Und tatsächlich bemessen Viele die Qualität eines Weines auch an der Intensität seiner Farbe. In dieser Folge blicken wir durch das tiefgründige Rot im Weinglas.
Gestalt und Größe der Erde aus dem All
Authors: Rummel Reiner
Published: January 2022

Die genaue Bestimmung der Großform der Erde und die Errichtung eines weltweit einheitlichen Bezugssystems sind dank der im 20. Jahrhundert entwickelten Verfahren in greifbare Nähe gerückt.
Brillanter Schaum am Strand
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: January 2022

Die Farbe von Seifenblasen und des aus diesen bestehenden Schaums hängt nicht nur von der Interferenz des Lichts an der Blase ab, sondern auch vom diffus reflektierten Licht des Untergrunds. Ein schwarzer Untergrund führt zu großer Farbintensität der Blasen.
A novel arthroscopic pre‐curved cannula with both flexibility and high stiffness
Authors: Park Chulmin , Kim Jeongryul , Moon Yonghwan , Kim Keri
Published: January 2022

Background

Curved surgical instruments are being developed to expand the workspace of straight surgical instruments. They are required to have a small diameter and high stiffness.

Methods

We developed a double‐spring pre‐curved cannula (DSPC) for electrocauterization, which has curved movements controlled solely by translational motion, and high stiffness via wire tension. It comprises a straight extension spring, pre‐curved flat spring and braided high‐modulus polyethylene line. A handheld device was designed for intuitive DSPC manipulation. The cannula has a 3.9 mm diameter and serves as a protective tube such that the electrode can safely reach the lesion.

Results

Experimental results demonstrate that the DSPC has ideal curvature and maximum stiffness of 1.38 N/mm. In a cadaveric study, the DSPC reached the inferior glenohumeral ligament, which conventional surgical instruments cannot access, and surgeons successfully performed electrocauterization.

Conclusions

The designed DSPC is effective for future use in forceps, curettes and surgical robots.
The Interaction of Silent Reading Rate, Academic Vocabulary, and Comprehension Among Students in Grades 2–12
Authors: Spichtig Alexandra N. , Pascoe Jeffrey P. , Gehsmann Kristin M. , Gu Fei , Ferrara John D.
Published: January 2022

This study examined silent reading rates (SRRs) in relation to students’ estimated academic vocabulary grade levels (EVGLs) and comprehension accuracy (Comprehension Items Correct; compIC). Analyses were based on data from 288,934 students in grades 2‐12 who completed an adaptive silent reading assessment that yielded measures of the three variables of interest. Silent reading rate was measured while students read five 150‐ to 300‐word passages. Each student’s initial passage difficulty was aligned with their EVGL. Each passage was followed by five comprehension questions, such that in total, students could answer up to 25 comprehension items correctly. Two‐level Multilevel Models (MLMs) were fitted to evaluate SRR in relation to EVGL, compIC, and their interactions. The final MLM included the random intercept and three random slopes for the two level‐1 predictors (school‐mean‐centered EVGL as the focal predictor and school‐mean‐centered compIC as the moderator) and their interactions. Results indicated that: (a) the fixed effect of higher EVGL on SRR was positive and significant, (b) the fixed effect of higher compIC on SRR was negative and significant, and (c) there was a significant interaction indicating that the relationship between school‐mean‐centered EVGL and SRR grew stronger as school‐mean‐centered compIC increased. These results suggest that vocabulary knowledge and SRR increase in concert among students with good comprehension, whereas SRRs measured in the absence of good comprehension are less meaningful and may indicate inadequate skills or insufficient motivation to fully comprehend what is being read.
Un‐fractionated heparin counteracts the systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damages caused by endotoxaemia in sheep
Authors: Ashareyoun Hesam , Chalmeh Aliasghar , Pourjafar Mehrdad
Published: January 2022

Background

Endotoxaemia is believed to be a major cause of mortality and there are several therapeutic regimens for the treatment of this situation.

Objectives

The present experimental study was conducted to evaluate acute phase response, cardiovascular and hepatorenal damages following the treatment of Ovine experimental endotoxaemia model employing unfractionated heparin (UFH).

Materials and Methods

Twenty clinically healthy 1‐year‐old fat‐tailed ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups, comprising UFH 200, UFH 400, Ctrl+ and Ctrl‐. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 at 0.4 μg/kg was administered intravenously to the ewes. UFH (at 200 and 400 IU/kg) was administrated to the UFH 200 and UFH 400 groups, respectively. All the ewes were evaluated clinically before and 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection. Blood samplings were also performed at those hours. We measured serum concentrations of haptoglobin, interferon‐gamma, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde, cardiac lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin‐I, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase and creatinine. Serum concentrations of acute phase response, cardiovascular, hepatic and renal biomarkers and clinical parameters increased significantly following the induction of endotoxaemia in the groups receiving LPS.

Results

The significantly lowest concentrations of these parameters at hours 4.5 and 6 among the treatment groups belonged to the UFH 400 sheep.

Conclusions

UFH could act as an anti‐inflammatory mediator by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, modulating oxidative stress biomarkers and reducing multiple organ dysfunction following endotoxaemia in a dose–dependent manner. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effects of UFH at 400 IU/kg were significantly higher than another dose. This research examined the effect of two doses of UFH and higher doses may have more anti‐inflammatory effects that require further studies.
Cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism resulting in tetraplegia in a cat
Authors: Burke Jasper E. , Reineke Erica L.
Published: January 2022

A 4‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented for acute onset tetraplegia and respiratory signs. No pulses were palpable in any limb, and nociception was absent–all limbs were cold, and digital, metacarpal and metatarsal pads were cyanotic. Point‐of‐care ultrasound of the heart revealed severe left atrial enlargement, containing several large thrombi. Due to concerns for quality of life, euthanasia was elected. Postmortem findings revealed marked left atrial enlargement with thrombi filling the entire atrium, as well as emboli in both subclavian arteries and the abdominal aorta.
Dysphonia in a dog with cervical spinal cord injury and suspected progressive myelomalacia caused by a C4‐C5 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion
Authors: Santifort Koen , Mandigers Paul , Bergknut Niklas , Van Soens Iris , Carrera Ines
Published: January 2022

A 10.5‐year‐old dog was presented with acute onset tetraparesis progressing to tetraplegia. The clinical sign of dysphonia was documented in the absence of signs of laryngeal dysfunction. MRI findings of the cervical spinal cord were consistent with a C4‐C5 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) and overlying spinal cord injury (SCI). Seven days after presentation, a repeat MRI study was performed due to clinical deterioration with respiratory compromise and revealed changes compatible with progressive myelomalacia. The dog was euthanased due to the progression of severe clinical signs. Dysphonia due to acute cervical SCI has not been reported in dogs. Explanations for the clinical sign of dysphonia are discussed, relevant aspects of the literature on HNPE are reviewed and discussion points are mentioned with regard to SCI and myelomalacia.
Ultrasound‐guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block as part of multimodal pain management in a goat undergoing tibial fracture repair
Authors: Ferrero Camilla , Klonner Moriz Ettore , Verdier Natali , Bradbrook Carl
Published: January 2022

A 6‐week‐old goat was presented for surgical repair of a Salter Harris type 1 fracture of the right tibia. The goat was premedicated with butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 1 mg/kg and propofol 3.2 mg/kg intravenously. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in an oxygen air mix. An ultrasound‐guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block was performed using 0.1 ml/kg/nerve of ropivacaine 0.75%. Except for a slight gradual decrease in arterial blood pressure, all monitored variables remained within accepted ranges throughout surgery. No additional intraoperative analgesia was required. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful and the goat started drinking milk 5 minutes after extubation. Buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg intramuscularly was administered in the evening and repeated 12 hours after the first dose. Additionally, carprofen 1.4 mg/kg intramuscularly was administered every 48 hours for the following days. The goat was discharged 2 days after surgery.
The Autofictional in Serial, Literary Works
Authors: Menn Ricarda , Schuh Melissa
Published: January 2022

This chapter approaches serial literary autofictions as a distinct variant of autofictional writing. While discussions of life writing often focus on male authors, the chapter redresses this imbalance by considering women writers, specifically the works of Dorothy Richardson, Doris Lessing, and Rachel Cusk. The approach is new in exploring the autofictional in serial, literary works, and tracing connections across an author’s oeuvre. Such a focus leads to an extended understanding of autofiction and the autofictional as challenging autobiographical unity and coherence. The chapter distinguishes between different forms of seriality (including series, serial, and serialized life narratives), and argues that serial publications and structures enhance literary and autofictional tendencies in that they draw attention to the complexities of autobiographical representation.
Article 17: The Right to Access to Diverse Sources of Information
Authors: Lansdown Gerison
Published: January 2022

‘Informing students of reliable sources/websites; and how to critique news.’ (Western Europe/Other)
Article 31: The Rights to Rest, Play, Recreation, and Cultural and Artistic Activities
Authors: Lansdown Gerison
Published: January 2022

‘We have to make sure that school establishment organise artistic and cultural competition.’(Africa)
Article 6: The Rights to Life, Survival, and Development
Authors: Vaghri Ziba
Published: January 2022

‘A minimum income for every family with children should be secured by the government and reports should be available about its provision.’(Eastern Europe)
Article 4: States Parties’ Obligations
Authors: Ruggiero Roberta
Published: January 2022

Article 4 deals with the nature of the States Parties’ obligations and it therefore relates ‘to all the substantive articles of the Convention’ (Rishmawi, 2006, pp. 22, 57). Together with Articles 42 and 44(6), it comprises the heading ‘General Measures of Implementation’ in the States Parties’ periodic reports (Hodgkin et al., 2007, p. 47; Rishmawi, 2006, p. 22; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 1991, paras. 9–11, 1996, paras. 11–24, 2002a, p. 58, 2015, paras. 18–21).
Exposure–response analyses of erdafitinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Dosne Anne-Gaëlle , Valade Elodie , Goeyvaerts Nele , De Porre Peter , Avadhani Anjali , O’Hagan Anne , Li Lilian Y. , Ouellet Daniele , Perez Ruixo Juan Jose
Published: January 2022

Background

Exposure–response analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between selected efficacy and safety endpoints and serum phosphate (PO4) concentrations, a potential biomarker of efficacy and safety, in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients with FGFR alterations treated with erdafitinib.

Methods

Data from two dosing regimens of erdafitinib in a phase 2 study (NCT02365597), 6 and 8-mg/day with provision for pharmacodynamically guided titration per serum PO4 levels, were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard or logistic regression models. Efficacy endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Safety endpoints were adverse events typical for FGFR inhibitors.

Results

Exposure-efficacy analyses on 156 patients (6-mg = 68; 8-mg = 88) showed that patients with higher serum PO4 levels within the first 6 weeks showed better OS (hazard ratio 0.57 [95% CI 0.46–0.72] per mg/dL of PO4; p = 0.01), PFS (hazard ratio 0.80 [0.67–0.94] per mg/dL of PO4; p = 0.01), and ORR (odds ratio 1.38 [1.02–1.86] per mg/dL of PO4; p = 0.04). Exposure-safety analyses on 177 patients (6-mg = 78; 8-mg = 99) showed that the incidence of selected adverse events associated with on-target off-tumor effects significantly rose with higher PO4.

Conclusions

The exploratory relationship between serum PO4 levels and efficacy/safety outcomes supported the use of pharmacodynamically guided dose titration to optimize erdafitinib’s therapeutic benefit/risk ratio.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT02365597.
Zystische Fibrose und Schmerzen – ein unterschätztes Problem
Authors: Hoffmann Anna Teresa , Dillenhöfer Stefanie , Lücke Thomas , Maier Christoph , Brinkmann Folke
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund

Zystische Fibrose (CF) ist eine der häufigsten vererbbaren Stoffwechselerkrankungen in Deutschland. Sie betrifft verschiedene Organsysteme und führt häufig zu Schmerzen, die meist unterschätzt werden. Im deutschsprachigen Raum existieren bis dato keinerlei Leitlinien zu diesem relevanten Thema.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in PubMed sowie der deutschsprachigen Leitlinien und Fachliteratur zum Thema CF und Schmerzen. Als relevant wurden Arbeiten gewertet, die Daten zu CF, zu Schmerzen oder deren Behandlung bei der CF enthielten. Insgesamt fanden sich 1690 Artikel, von denen 41 Arbeiten unsererseits aufgenommen wurden.

Ergebnisse

Die Recherche ergab, dass Schmerzen unterschiedlichster Art aufgrund der diversen Organbeteiligungen weit verbreitet sind. Zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Schmerzen bei CF existieren aber keine deutschsprachigen Leitlinien oder Konsenspapiere. In europäischen und amerikanischen Studien spiegelt sich die klinische Relevanz und Bandbreite des Themas wider, Daten zur Effektivität der Schmerztherapie enthalten diese jedoch nicht. Neben einer klassischen Schmerzmedikation mit Analgetika setzen viele Patienten auch auf alternative Heilversuche wie physikalische Therapien, Akupunktur oder Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Angesichts der multiplen Organdysfunktionen ist der Einsatz von Analgetika mit besonderen Risiken verbunden.

Diskussion

Eine Schmerztherapie ist bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose und Multiorganbeteiligung häufig erforderlich und muss der Progression der Erkrankung angepasst werden. Kontraindikationen und Nebenwirkungen der Analgetika sollten individuell ermittelt werden. Die Aufnahme der Behandlung von Schmerzen in deutschsprachige CF-Leitlinien ist dringend erforderlich.
On band gaps of nonlocal acoustic lattice metamaterials: a robust strain gradient model
Authors: Wang Binying , Liu Jinxing , Soh A. K. , Liang Naigang
Published: January 2022

We have proposed an “exact” strain gradient (SG) continuum model to properly predict the dispersive characteristics of diatomic lattice metamaterials with local and nonlocal interactions. The key enhancement is proposing a wavelength-dependent Taylor expansion to obtain a satisfactory accuracy when the wavelength gets close to the lattice spacing. Such a wavelength-dependent Taylor expansion is applied to the displacement field of the diatomic lattice, resulting in a novel SG model. For various kinds of diatomic lattices, the dispersion diagrams given by the proposed SG model always agree well with those given by the discrete model throughout the first Brillouin zone, manifesting the robustness of the present model. Based on this SG model, we have conducted the following discussions. (I) Both mass and stiffness ratios affect the band gap structures of diatomic lattice metamaterials, which is very helpful for the design of metamaterials. (II) The increase in the SG order can enhance the model performance if the modified Taylor expansion is adopted. Without doing so, the higher-order continuum model can suffer from a stronger instability issue and does not necessarily have a better accuracy. The proposed SG continuum model with the eighth-order truncation is found to be enough to capture the dispersion behaviors all over the first Brillouin zone. (III) The effects of the nonlocal interactions are analyzed. The nonlocal interactions reduce the workable range of the well-known long-wave approximation, causing more local extrema in the dispersive diagrams. The present model can serve as a satisfactory continuum theory when the wavelength gets close to the lattice spacing, i.e., when the long-wave approximation is no longer valid. For the convenience of band gap designs, we have also provided the design space from which one can easily obtain the proper mass and stiffness ratios corresponding to a requested band gap width.
PTEN promoter methylation predicts 10-year prognosis in hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen endocrine therapy
Authors: Fan Yu , Xie Guiqin , Wang Zhu , Wang Yu , Wang Yanping , Zheng Hong , Zhong Xiaorong
Published: January 2022

Purpose

There remain a lack of biomarkers for endocrine therapy resistance in patients with breast cancer (BC), which is proving to be a great challenge. In vitro experiments have shown that downregulation of PTEN expression leads to resistance to tamoxifen (TAM) in BC cells. We aimed to investigate the predictive role of tumor PTEN promoter methylation and PTEN expression in long-term survival after TAM adjuvant therapy in patients with early-stage BC.

Methods

From 2001 to 2013, 105 patients with stage I–III BC who were treated with standardized adjuvant TAM for 5 years or until relapse in West China Hospital (WCH) were enrolled in this study. PTEN expression and DNA methylation of three specified sequences from the PTEN promoter in primary tumors were measured using immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing. A cohort of 159 hormone receptor-positive patients receiving TAM treatment from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for verification.

Results

Median follow-up time for the WCH cohort was 141.7 months. The low, moderate, and high PTEN expression groups had differing 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) (42.3%, 55%, 81%, respectively, P = 0.027) and overall survival (OS) rates (65%, 84.2%, 90.5%, respectively, P = 0.027). Higher methylation levels of the second sequence (− 819 to − 787 bp), rather than the first (− 1143 to − 1107 bp) or third sequence (− 663 to − 593 bp), independently increased the risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.60) and death (hazard ratio = 3.79) in the WCH cohort, according to multivariate Cox regression analysis. Importantly, out of the five CpG islands located within this sequence, only high methylation of the − 796 CpG island predicted shorter DFS and OS. In TCGA validation cohort, there was also a trend of higher methylation of the − 796 CpG island correlating with shorter disease-free intervals, with borderline significance (P = 0.057).

Conclusion

Low PTEN expression and high methylation of its promoter (sequence − 819 to − 787 bp) in tissue predict poor DFS and OS in hormone receptor-positive early BC patients who received adjuvant TAM.
Symptom Dimension Breakpoints for the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV)
Authors: Cervin Matti , Garcia-Delgar Blanca , Calvo Rosa , Ortiz Ana E. , Lazaro Luisa
Published: January 2022

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) clusters around three major symptom dimensions: contamination/cleaning, symmetry/ordering, and disturbing thoughts/checking. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) is a self-report questionnaire that provides scores along six theory-based OCD dimensions, but no study has evaluated how well OCI-CV identifies clinically significant symptoms within each of the three major symptom dimensions of OCD. We examined this question using data from 197 Swedish and Spanish youth with OCD. All youth completed the OCI-CV and clinically significant symptom severity within each major OCD dimension was established with a validated interview-based measure. Results showed that a score ≥ 3 on the OCI-CV washing scale excellently captured those with clinically significant contamination/cleaning symptoms (AUC = 0.85 [0.80–0.90], 79% accuracy). A score ≥ 4 on the obsessing scale adequately captured those with disturbing thoughts/checking symptoms (AUC = 0.71 [0.64–0.78], 67% accuracy) and a score ≥ 3 on the ordering scale adequately captured those with symmetry/ordering symptoms (AUC = 0.72 [0.65–0.79], 70% accuracy). Similar accuracy of the breakpoints was found in the Swedish and Spanish samples. OCI-CV works well to identify youth with pediatric OCD that have clinically significant contamination/cleaning symptoms. The measure can also with adequate precision identify those with clinically significant disturbing thoughts/checking and symmetry/ordering symptoms. The breakpoints provided in this study can be used to examine differences in clinical presentation and treatment outcome for youth with different types of OCD.
Cardiovascular risk factors, living and ageing in Halle: the CARLA study
Authors: Hassan Lamiaa , Efremov Ljupcho , Großkopf Anne , Kartschmit Nadja , Medenwald Daniel , Schott Artjom , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Lacruz Maria E. , Tiller Daniel , Kraus Frank Bernhard , Greiser Karin H. , Haerting Johannes , Werdan Karl , Sedding Daniel , Simm Andreas , Nuding Sebastian , Kluttig Alexander , Mikolajczyk Rafael
Published: January 2022

The CARLA study (Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle) is a longitudinal population-based cohort study of the general population of the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. The primary aim of the cohort was to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular diseases based on comprehensive cardiological phenotyping of study participants and was extended to study factors associated with healthy ageing. In total, 1779 probands (812 women and 967 men, aged 45–83 years) were examined at baseline (2002–2005), with a first and second follow-up performed 4 and 8 years later. The response proportion at baseline was 64.1% and the reparticipation proportion for the first and second follow-up was 86% and 77% respectively. Sixty-four percent of the study participants were in retirement while 25% were full- or partially-employed and 11% were unemployed at the time of the baseline examination. The currently running third follow-up focuses on the assessment of physical and mental health, with an intensive 4 h examination program, including measurement of cardiovascular, neurocognitive, balance and gait parameters. The data collected in the CARLA Study resulted in answering various research questions in over 80 publications, of which two thirds were pooled analyses with other similar population-based studies. Due to the extensiveness of information on risk factors, subclinical conditions and evident diseases, the biobanking concept for the biosamples, the cohort representativeness of an elderly population, and the high level of quality assurance, the CARLA cohort offers a unique platform for further research on important indicators for healthy ageing.
A Critical Review on the Complex Potentials in Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Scheel Johannes , Wallenta Daniel , Ricoeur Andreas
Published: January 2022

Introducing a crack in an elastic plate is challenging from the mathematical point of view and relevant within an engineering context of evaluating strength and reliability of structures. Accordingly, a multitude of associated works is available to date, emanating from both applied mathematics and mechanics communities. Although considering the same problem, the given complex potentials prove to be different, revealing various inconsistencies in terms of resulting stresses and displacements. Essential information on crack near-tip fields and crack opening displacements is nonetheless available, while intuitive adaption is required to obtain the full-field solutions. Investigating the cause of prevailing deficiencies inevitably leads to a critical review of classical works by Muskhelishvili or Westergaard. Complex potentials of the mixed-mode loaded Griffith crack, sparing restrictive assumptions or limitations of validity, are finally provided, allowing for rigorous mathematical treatment. The entity of stresses and displacements in the whole plate is finally illustrated and the distributions in the crack plane are given explicitly.
Greening work: labor market policies for the environment
Authors: Bohnenberger Katharina
Published: January 2022

Jobs are essential for social inclusion, raising taxes, and guaranteeing the financial resilience of (welfare) states. At the same time, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and the European Green Deal require the greening of our economies and labor markets. This paper assesses how labor market policies can green employment. The paper analyses the potential effects of eight different policy strategies on four dimensions of the Taxonomy of Sustainable Employment: conversion of plants and businesses, environmental labor law, climate decommodification, socio-ecological job guarantee, vocational guidance and retraining, distribution of employment time, alternative income sources, and equalization of income. All eight strategies have the potential of greening employment but feature different intensities in the four dimensions. In the light of environmental crises, the results suggest widening the toolbox of labor market policies for a green and just transition.
Post-conflict development, reviewing the water sector in Somalia
Authors: Mourad Khaldoon A.
Published: January 2022

Somali post-conflict development faces many challenges that affect the sustainability of the water sector. This paper reviews and analyses the post-conflict development activities in the water sector through local communications and reviewing published materials and databases from international players in Somalia, funding agencies and financial tracking service. The paper has shown that there has been great attention and support given to the country during its post-conflict development. However, most of these initiatives and projects have focused on emerging issues such as tackling food security and water, sanitation and hygiene services. The paper also shows that the continuous funding of emerging issues in Somalia has reduced its long-term sustainability of the water sector and limited its national and long-term benefits but has increased corruption due to increase the gap between actors and local people. Therefore, new transparent cooperative initiatives are needed based on transparent involvement and coordination among donors, local authorities and implementers to improve and develop the water sector and the livelihood in Somalia through a solid water governance system.
The generic isogeny decomposition of the Prym Variety of a cyclic branched covering
Authors: Alexandrou Theodosis
Published: January 2022

Let $$f:S'\longrightarrow S$$

f
:

S
′

⟶
S

be a cyclic branched covering of smooth projective surfaces over $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
whose branch locus $$\Delta \subset S$$

Δ
⊂
S

is a smooth ample divisor. Pick a very ample complete linear system $$|{\mathcal {H}}|$$

|
H
|

on S, such that the polarized surface $$(S, |{\mathcal {H}}|)$$

(
S
,
|
H
|
)

is not a scroll nor has rational hyperplane sections. For the general member $$[C]\in |{\mathcal {H}}|$$

[
C
]
∈
|
H
|

consider the $$\mu _{n}$$

μ
n

-equivariant isogeny decomposition of the Prym variety $${{\,\mathrm{Prym}\,}}(C'/C)$$

Prym

(

C
′

/
C
)

of the induced covering $$f:C'{:}{=}f^{-1}(C)\longrightarrow C$$

f
:

C
′

:
=

f

-
1

(
C
)

⟶
C

: $$\begin{aligned} {{\,\mathrm{Prym}\,}}(C'/C)\sim \prod _{d|n,\ d\ne 1}{\mathcal {P}}_{d}(C'/C). \end{aligned}$$

Prym

(

C
′

/
C
)

∼

∏

d
|
n
,

d
≠
1

P
d

(

C
′

/
C
)

.

We show that for the very general member $$[C]\in |{\mathcal {H}}|$$

[
C
]
∈
|
H
|

the isogeny component $${\mathcal {P}}_{d}(C'/C)$$

P
d

(

C
′

/
C
)

is $$\mu _{d}$$

μ
d

-simple with $${{\,\mathrm{End}\,}}_{\mu _{d}}({\mathcal {P}}_{d}(C'/C))\cong {\mathbb {Z}}[\zeta _{d}]$$

End

μ
d

(

P
d

(

C
′

/
C
)

)

≅
Z

[

ζ
d

]

. In addition, for the non-ample case we reformulate the result by considering the identity component of the kernel of the map $${\mathcal {P}}_{d}(C'/C)\subset {{\,\mathrm{Jac}\,}}(C')\longrightarrow {{\,\mathrm{Alb}\,}}(S')$$

P
d

(

C
′

/
C
)

⊂

Jac

(

C
′

)

⟶

Alb

(

S
′

)

.
The Engagement of Complementors and the Role of Platform Boundary Resources in e-Commerce Platform Ecosystems
Authors: Engert Martin , Evers Julia , Hein Andreas , Krcmar Helmut
Published: January 2022

The success of digital platforms can be attributed to the engagement of autonomous complementors as exemplified by e-commerce Content Management System (CMS) platforms such as WordPress and Shopify. Platform owners provide Platform Boundary Resources (PBRs) to stimulate and control complementor engagement. Despite the increasing scholarly interest in digital platform ecosystems, their exact role in facilitating and channeling complementor engagement remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted an embedded case study on CMS platform ecosystems, comprising a total of 24 interviews with platform owners and complementors. We inductively derive five types of complementor engagement and their respective manifestations and two overarching engagement goals of complementors. Moreover, we determine the different types of PBRs utilized, including their critical effects, and distinguish between uniform and individual PBRs reflecting their respective generalizability and scalability. We discuss the findings by introducing the concepts of complementor resourcing and complementor securing and shed light on the standardization-individualization tension of PBRs faced by platform owners.
Binding site identification of G protein-coupled receptors through a 3D Zernike polynomials-based method: application to C. elegans olfactory receptors
Authors: Di Rienzo Lorenzo , De Flaviis Luca , Ruocco Giancarlo , Folli Viola , Milanetti Edoardo
Published: January 2022

Studying the binding processes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) proteins is of particular interest both to better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the signaling between the extracellular and intracellular environment and for drug design purposes. In this study, we propose a new computational approach for the identification of the binding site for a specific ligand on a GPCR. The method is based on the Zernike polynomials and performs the ligand-GPCR association through a shape complementarity analysis of the local molecular surfaces. The method is parameter-free and it can distinguish, working on hundreds of experimentally GPCR-ligand complexes, binding pockets from randomly sampled regions on the receptor surface, obtaining an Area Under ROC curve of 0.77. Given its importance both as a model organism and in terms of applications, we thus investigated the olfactory receptors of the C. elegans, building a list of associations between 21 GPCRs belonging to its olfactory neurons and a set of possible ligands. Thus, we can not only carry out rapid and efficient screenings of drugs proposed for GPCRs, key targets in many pathologies, but also we laid the groundwork for computational mutagenesis processes, aimed at increasing or decreasing the binding affinity between ligands and receptors.
Improved Suzuki–Miyaura reaction conversion efficiency using magnetic nanoparticles and inductive heating
Authors: Villacampa Alejandro , Duque Luis , Juanes Olga , Palomares Francisco Javier , Herrasti Pilar , Menéndez Nieves
Published: January 2022

The use of magnetic nanoparticles in C–C coupling reactions enables the facile recovery of the catalyst under environmentally friendly conditions. Herein, the synthesis of Pd/Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles by the reduction of Pd2+ and oxidation of Fe on the surface of preformed Fe@Fe3O4 is reported. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques (transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction) to determine their size, structure, and chemical composition. The catalytic efficiency of these nanoparticles in classical Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions was investigated. The nanoparticles achieved high catalytic activity with the application of local heating by an alternating magnetic field. An investigation was conducted at identical temperatures to compare global heating with the application of an external magnetic field; magnetic heating demonstrated excellent substrate conversion in lesser time and at a lower temperature. The catalyst could also be recycled and reused three times, with ~ 30% decrease in the substrate conversion, which is most likely due to the agglomeration of the Pd nanoparticles or poisoning of the Pd catalyst. This approach, which takes advantage of the catalytic activity and magnetic susceptibility of magnetic nanoparticles, can be applied to several organic transformations to improve their efficiency.

Graphical abstract