bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Recovery of Secondary Iron-Bearing Dust in Direct Reduction of Carbon Composite Pellets
Authors: Li Yi Shan , Xue Zheng Liang , Tang En , Liu Qiang , Wang Wei Xiang , Zhao Dong Nan
Published: June 2012

In order to recover secondary iron-bearing dust, with converter sludge, mill scale, gravitational ash, casthouse ash as raw materials, high basicity carbon composite pellets are prepared to make iron nuggets through self-reduction at high temperature. The study demonstrates that: The effectively separation of iron and slag, naturally pulverization of the slag phase, and good surface quality of bigger, glosser and brighter iron nuggets can be obtained with reduction temperature 1400 °C,C/O molar ratio 1.1,as well as basicity above 1.8 in this process; The iron phase is not generated well and proportion of small size iron nuggets increases when C/O molar ratio is increased; With C/O molar ratio increases or temperature rises, CO generated increases in direct reduction, which strengthen the reducibility atmosphere in the pellets, beneficial to the processing of desulfuration and dephosphorization; Rising temperature accelerates the generation of molten iron, so that, the fixed carbon contacts with the molten iron longer, which increasing the carbon in iron nuggets. More carbon is provided for the carburizing reaction for the sake of increasing C/O molar ratio, as a result of making more carbon in iron nuggets.
Study on Cleanliness of Ultra-Low Carbon Steel First Slab
Authors: Peng Qi Chun , Yu Xue Sen , Xiong Wei , Yang Liu , Zhang Liang Zhou , Peng Ming Yao , Zhou Ming Wei
Published: June 2012

By means of Oxygen and Nitrogen Analyzer, Metallographic Examination, SLIME, SEM, EDS, etc, the cleanliness of ultra-low carbon steel first slab produced by LD-RH-CC, and the comparative analysis with the cleanliness of normal slab is studied. The results show that T[O] and [N] are obviously decreasing with the increasing of casting length. The micro-inclusions and large-inclusions are generally decreasing with the increasing of casting length. The micro-inclusions of the first slab are mainly from deoxidization products and reoxidation of liquid steel. And the sources of large-sized inclusions mainly are reoxidation of liquid steel, slag entrapment in mould or tundish and stuffing sand. The cleanliness of ultra-low carbon steel first slab is closed to those normal slabs at the length of 3.5m.
Thermodynamic Analysis Method for Iron and Steel Manufacturing System Based on Enthalpy Balance
Authors: Jin Peng , Jiang Ze Yi , Zhang Xin Xin , Chen Bi Yang , Tian Fu Shan
Published: June 2012

Thermodynamic analysis method for iron and steel manufacturing system is developed to describe the energy flow. The theoretical energy consumption for the manufacturing process is proposed to analyze the energy-saving potential. Energy balance based on enthalpy with a uniform reference state is established to analyze the amounts and forms of energy flow in the manufacturing system. The energy-saving potential of blast furnace system is discussed to choose the appropriate energy-saving methods and technologies.
Bamboo Liquefaction with Polyhydric Alcohols and its Application in Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Zhang Jin Ping , Du Meng Hao , Hu Li Song
Published: June 2012

Using PEG400 and glycerol as liquefacient, the residue from bamboo processing was liquefied at the presence of a catalyst. Liquefaction technology of residue from bamboo processing in polyhydric alcohols was studied by orthogonally-designed experiment, and the liquefaction products were applied in the preparation of flexible polyurethane foam. The result showed that liquefaction rate could reach as high as 99.32% when liquefaction temperature was 160°C, mass ratio of liquid to solid was 4:1 and liquefaction time was 90min. Hydroxyl value of liquefaction products obtained was 56.63mgKOH/g and viscosity was 300mPa•s. Flexible polyurethane foam prepared from liquefaction products was analyzed with infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope, and was compared with conventional flexible polyurethane foam.
Effect of Nitric Oxide Treatment on Storage Quality and Disease Resistance of Satsuma Mandarin Fruits
Authors: Li Shun Min , Liu Li Dan , Zhang Lu , Wu Ri Zhang , Zhu Xue Kun , Ming Jian
Published: June 2012

The effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on the disease resistance and storage quality of citrus fruits were investigated through inoculation and storage. The results showed that SNP treatment could effectively reduce the disease incidence and lesion diameter of satsuma mandarin inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. during storage. Compared with control, weight lose rate degraded, but soluble protein, ascorbic acid (ASA), reducing sugar content and SSC/TA ratio increased in SNP treated fruits. 50 μmol•L-1 SNP treatment had the better effect than 30 and 100 μmol•L-1 SNP treatment.
Effects of Ensiling Fodder Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molasses on Fermentation Quality
Authors: Ning Ting Ting , Xu Chun Cheng , Wang Hui Li , Hao Wei , Lei Heng
Published: June 2012

This experiment was conducted to determine the ensiling characteristics and microbial changes of fodder ramie silage treated without additive (Control), or with molasses (M), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and mixtures of lactic acid bacteria and molasses (LABM). Triplicate samples were randomly opened on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 of ensiling for sampling and the contents were processed for quality assessment and laboratory analysis. Compared with control silage, addition of M and LABM decreased pH and butyric acid while increasing lactic acid during ensiling (P < 0.05). For the LAB treatment, the pH value declined slowly at initial days then kept relatively stable at about 5.39 and the concentration of lactic acid increased for the first 7 days then maintained stable until day 60. The control silage showed a rise in pH and a significant decline in lactic acid concentration at later stage. Microbial changes had similar trend during ensiling for all the treatments where the lactic acid bacteria increased at initial days then showed a decline at later stage. Furthermore, LAB treatment had the highest (P<0.05) lactic acid bacteria population at almost all ensiling periods. It was concluded that both M and LABM treatment can improve the fermentation quality of fodder ramie silage to some extent, but the effects of adding lactic acid bacteria still need further research.
Predicting Starch Concentration with NIR Spectroscopy in Relation to Reference Method
Authors: Qiao Fa Dong , Yang Guo Hao , Yan Li Hui
Published: June 2012

The objection of the study was to evaluate the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict starch concentration in relation to hydrochloric acid polarimetry analytical methods. The study comprised 131 flour samples which were collected in Zhengzhou market and scanned using FOSS NIRS analyzer in reflectance mode (570-1100nm). The calibration models were developed by using WinISIⅡversion1.5 software on the basis of whole and structural sample sets (n=131and n=102, respectively). The quality of models was assessed by SEC, R2, SECV, 1-VR. In order to remove the irrelevant information of the spectra we use different scatter and mathematical methods to pre-treat spectra and then build models by using the modified partial least squares. After comparing the performance of the models the best pretreatment method for the whole sample set was weighted MSC and mathematical treatment (4, 4, 3, 2), the most suitable pretreatment method for the structural sample set was weighted MSC and mathematical treatment (0, 15, 13, 3).Under the aim of removing non-relevant spectral regions, the models were developed under different regions (570-658nm, 660-746nm, 748-834nm, 836-922nm, 924-1010nm, 1012-1098nm, respectively) and the results showed that the starch information was distributed in the whole spectral region. Models developed for the whole sample set by using the different modeling methods were characterized by SEC ranged from 0.9671 to 1.2819, SECV ranged from 0.1877 to 1.1945, R2 ranged from 0.8422 to 0.8859, 1-VR ranged from 0.8238 to 0.9951 and RPD ranged from 2.3880 to 15.9126, respectively. Models developed for the structured sample set by using the different modeling methods were characterized by SEC ranged from 0.8365 to 1.0452, SECV ranged from 0.2755 to 1.0438, R2 ranged from 0.8638 to 0.9168, 1-VR ranged from 0.8680 to 0.9852 and RPD ranged from 2.7639 to 10.2802, respectively. Using the validation set to examine the prediction ability of the models built by using structured sample set, the results show that it is possible to prediction starch content by NIRS method corresponding to starch content determined by the polarimetry analytical methods. NIRS method offers great advantages for the on-line application, however, its prediction on ability is limited by the referent methods and this should be taken into account.
A Continuous Preparation Method of Spirulina platensis Phenolic Compounds and Polysaccharides Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology
Authors: Hsueh Yao Ching , Yu Zer Ran , Wang Be Jen
Published: June 2012

Spirulina platensis was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 1:10 (w v-1) for 24 h to yield ethanol extract. An orthogonal design was performed at three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60oC), three different pressure levels (10, 20 and 30 MPa) and three different flow rate of Spirulina extract liquor (1, 2 and 3 ml min-1). The carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) ﬂow rate was maintained at 6 ml min-1. The highest selectivity of phenols and polysaccharides occurred at the operation temperature 60oC and pressure 30 MPa. Extract was also fractionated using SC-CO2 under the following operating conditions: 60oC and a pressure of 30, 15, 10 or 5 MPa into residual (R), F1, F2, or F3 fractions, respectively. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds was obtained in F3 fraction and the highest concentration of total polysaccharides was retained in R. F3 fraction contained the highest levels of total phenol contents and thus exhibited the greatest antioxidant ability.
Effects of Biochar on Acid Black Soil Nutrient, Soybean Root and Yield
Authors: Yin Da Wei , Meng Jun , Zheng Gui Ping , Zhong Xue Mei , Yu Lan , Gao Ji Ping , Chen Wen Fu
Published: June 2012

This research focuses on studying the effects of biochar on acidic soil nutrient, soybean production, root and plant height,using the method of pot plant simulation for soybean cultivation patterns in three ridging test. Biochar was applied for pot with set 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25t hm-2. Biochar, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium chloride were fully mixed then sampled on soybean clover stage (V3), full bloom stage (R2) and the early mature stage (R7).This research examined the soybean root index. At the early mature stage (R7), soil samples were blown dry and examined chemical index. During the mature period (R8), we examined the yield and plant height. The results showed that, with the increase of the content of the biochar, available potassium，and organic matter was increased significantly, increasing 77.69mgkg-1, and 7.56gkg-1 compared with control respectively. The root dry weight, main root length, lateral root number, total length, lateral root number, root dry weight of the maximum was respectively increased by 80.85%, 100%, 33.86%, 167.74%, 26.31% and 80.41% than control in early mature stage. The yield increased by 35.97% compared with control.
Purification of Ferulic Acid from Wheat by Ultrafiltration Technology
Authors: Liu Shu Xing , Wang Bei
Published: June 2012

Purification extraction of ferulic acid from wheat bran by using ultrafiltration,based on the molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of ultrafiltration membranes,ultrafiltration pressure,sample concentration,ultrafiltration time these four factors influence of the membrane flux,determine the best the ultrafiltration conditions.
A Case Study on Environmental, Economy and Health Benefits of a Fule Switching Project in a Chinese City
Authors: Li Tie Song
Published: June 2012

As one of the top five most seriously polluted cities by acid rain in the southwest of China, Nanchong was selected as one of 18 pilot cities of China for Clear Energy Action (CEA) by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and China National Science and Technology Ministry (NSTM) from 2001-2005. We analyze and discuss the economic, social, and environmental significance and impacts of the substitution of coal with natural gas in Nanchong. Nanchong city is one of eighteen cities that have been selected by the Department of Science and Technology and UNDP cooperative project for “applying technology of sanitary energy sources, decreasing ability of atmosphere polluted of city.” The amount of polluting substances in Nanchong’s atmosphere has been reduced significantly as a result of the project that replaced coal with gas, carried out from 2000 to 2010.
The Study on Energy Saving Experience of Farmhouse Forest in Western Sichuan Province under the Background of Passive Construction
Authors: Dong Wen Ying , Wen Zhen Jun , Lin Xiu Zhen
Published: June 2012

This article studies on energy saving experience of the traditional houses of farmhouse forest in Western Sichuan, sums up farmhouse forest in Western Sichuan and its traditional residential building energy saving experience, and recommends appropriate energy-saving improvements. To using experience and measures that can be referenced in the construction of new countryside in Sichuan, create traditional characteristics of low carbon and energy-saving new rural houses.
Exploration and Analysis of Integrated Management Mode for Low Carbon Scenic Zones: Taking Taishan for Example
Authors: Dong Xiao Hong , Yu Mei Hao , Zhang Xu Ping
Published: June 2012

The idea of low carbon has found its way into tourism industry and caused revolution of tourism development mode. Therefore, the integrated management mode for low carbon scenic zones has become our new pursuit. Taking Taishan, the world material and cultural heritage, for example and based on investigating the status quo of low carbon tourism of Taishan scenic zone, this paper analyzes the problems and their causes with the integrated management mode for scenic zones and then forwards two new ways, that is, forming an industry league to develop exhibition tourism in scenic zones and building integrated management modes for Taishan low carbon scenic zone of low carbon tourism industry chain within scenic zones, thus providing idea and reference for the low carbon tourism development of Taishan scenic zone, and even other areas across China.
The Study of Low Carbon Economic Development of Shaanxi Province
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: June 2012

In recent year ,Shaanxi Province CO2 emissions per capita well above the national average, air temperature changes unusually，the disaster occurred frequently. Climate change lead to the big impact and challenges in agriculture, water resources, ecological environment and energy structure in Shaanxi Province，Put forward to Problems and Countermeasure about the concrete conditions.
Unconformity Played an Important Role in the Accumulation of the Tight Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Hu Hai Yan , He Zhen Duo
Published: June 2012

There are low porosity and permeability in the Jurassic sandstone in the Yongjin Block, Junggar Basin. Reservoir is main controlled element of petroleum accumulation. It is adverse to hydrocarbon pool. However, unconformity effectively promotes the porosity and permeability of sandstone under it. An important unconformity between Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods developed in the central Junggar Basin. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) values indicate that it experienced physical weathering during development, transported the matrix off the semi-weathering rock, and consequently improved the reservoir quality of sandstone. Water with organic acids that are generated during organic matter maturation could dissolve the feldspar in semi-weathered zone, and would remove the dissolved products from the sandstone. All these would further improve reservoir quality. There are tight sandstone of the Jurassic which is adverse to hydrocarbon accumulation. However, because unconformtiy ocured and experienced the reservoir-improved geologic progresses. The semi-weathered zone of J/K unconformity became the preferred pathway for petroleum migration due to these two geological processes. The Paleo-soil layer on top of the J/K unconformity formed a good trap for the passing hydrocarbons, and accumulated it to become a commercial petroleum pool.
China’s Energy and Technology Development to Support Global 2 Degree Target
Authors: Jiang Ke Jun , Zhuang Xing , Miao Ren , Zhu Song Li , He Chen Min
Published: June 2012

Globally 2 degree target by 2100 was confirmed in the international negotiation process in recent years. The remained question is whether this target is feasible or not by thinking slow progress in last decades even though Kyoto Protocol set up targets by 2010. The IPCC called research teams on modeling to analyze the possible pathway, policies options, and cost benefit analysis for GHG mitigation. China’s CO2emission from energy and cement process already accounts for nearly 24% of global emission, and the trend is expected to keep increasing. The role of China in the global GHG mitigation is crucial. This paper presents the scenario analysis for China’s Energy System in the background of global 2 degree target, and discussed the feasibility for the lower CO2emission scenario in China. The finding says it is possible for China to limit CO2emission, reach emission peak before 2025, which make the global 2 degree target feasible, in Which energy system development is a kry . And recent progress of key technologies, availability for further investment on low carbon, policy implementation make it much big possibility for China to go to low carbon emission development pathway.
Development Strategies of Low-Carbon Tourism Attractions Based on Tourists' Low-Carbon Cognition
Authors: Hou Xiao Li , Wang Jing , Xiao Chang Jing
Published: June 2012

To develop low-carbon tourism attraction is conducive to the transformation of tourism industry’s development mode. It can also help China to take the carbon-reducing responsibility in the world, reduce carbon emission and develop low-carbon economy and society. This paper takes Beijing Badachu Park as the case study to analyze the relationship between the development of low-carbon tourism attraction and the tourists’ low-carbon cognition. It shows that there’re two kinds of low-carbon cognition, one is “to know it” and the other is “to do it”. But the reality is there always has some inconformity between consciousness and behavior in low carbon tourism which is bad for the construction of tourism attractions. This article put forward some suggestions to solve this problem: “hardware” transformation, scientifically planning and management, to intervene tourists’ low carbon cognition through “attraction also community” ways, etc.
Evaluation of Potential and Value on Grassland Carbon Sink - A Case Study in Xilinhot of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhuang Yang , Jin Ling , Wuyun Qiqige , Zhao Ji
Published: June 2012

Durban climate conference decided to continue the second commitment period of the Kyoto protocol, and announced to start Green Climate Fund, which provided great opportunities for the rapid development of the carbon trading market. The problem of grassland carbon sink has already received more and more attention from the countries all over the world, and the grassland carbon sink potential and value also got more attention from people. Xilinhot has abundant grassland resources and it is one of the main grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The huge carbon sink has important ecological function and also contains huge economic benefits. Based on the principle of additionality, this paper proposed the method of calculating the carbon sink potential of grasslands, and calculated and analyzed the carbon sink potential of degraded grasslands in Xilinhot. The results indicated that the existing huge carbon sink potential of Xilinhot grasslands was 0.733-0.869Tg C/a. According to the carbon sequestration cost price of afforestation cost method (260.9 RMB yuan / ton C), we estimated the value of grassland carbon sink was 191.2 - 226.7 million RMB yuan / year in Xilinhot.
Multi-Channel Extruding Technology in Lead-Free Wheel Balancer
Authors: Xu Xin Ching , Zhao Zhong Hua
Published: June 2012

If the weight of automobile wheel is not equally distributed, the automobile is not safe in high speed running. Hence, before the automobile wheel is instated, the dynamic balance of automobile wheel must be done, and the wheel balancer is added to the small weight position. In general, each wheel is added with two wheel balancers at least. Lead wheel balancers are used worldwide to balance vehicle wheels. But lead presents a health hazard, because lead is highly toxic, can contaminate drinking water, and can reduce intelligence in children. The steel wheel balancer is the perfect choice. However, the steel balancers are difficult to form and easy to rust. Based on upper limit analysis and numerical simulation, technology optimization and die design of steel balancer are studied to enlarge the production and to decrease the cost
Regional Difference Analysis on China’s Carbon Dioxide Emission Embodied in Exports
Authors: Fu Jia Feng , Li Yan Mei
Published: June 2012

As a big country of exports trade, China’s carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is considerable, and its regional difference is significant. The paper chooses nineteen provinces (municipality city and autonomous region) to evaluate their carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports using input-output analysis. Results show that regional difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is significant, and its basic character is carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of east is higher than west. The paper chooses Liaoning and Ningxia as cases, using structural decomposition analysis model to decompose their difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports. The difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is decomposed into four parts: direct carbon dioxide intensity difference, intermediate technology difference, exports volume and structure difference. Results indicate that their contribution value is-589.60 ten thousand ton,-316.04 ten thousand ton,5947.99 ten thousand ton and -344.94 ten thousand ton respectively. So carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of Liaoning is more than that of Ningxia because of their exports volume difference. Direct carbon dioxide intensity, intermediate technology difference and exports structure effect are factors to promote carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of Liaoning is less than Ningxia, but their effect is smaller than exports volume effect. So the main reason of China’s carbon dioxide emission regional difference is exports volume.
Study of Resourses, Ecological and Environmental Problems and the Corresponding Countermeasures of Villages in Cities in Guilin
Authors: Xu Zi Han , Cheng Guan Wen , Fu Hong Yuan , Lu Guo Dan , Wang Hao , Qin Ping
Published: June 2012

“Villages inside cities” is a particular phenomenon caused by the dual structure of urban-rural, and poor planning which occurs in the process of the rapid urbanization. This paper introduces the distribution of villages inside cities in Guilin, causes, the resources, ecological and environmental problems which living environment faced to, and the recommendations and measures of the village inside cities in Guilin, hoping there will have some reference to the transformation in the future.
A Synthetic Analysis on the Effective Protection and Management of World Heritage Sites in the Geological Disaster Area: A Case Study of Sichuan, China
Authors: Fan Wen Jing , Sun Jian Hua , Sun Ke Qin
Published: June 2012

In recent years, natural disasters occur frequently all around the world. Earthquakes and other geological disasters not only are destructive but also lead to serious secondary disasters. In south China’s Sichuan Province, on May the 12th 2008, an earthquake struck Wenchuan area followed by avalanches, landslides and debris flows, threatening the very existence of the 5 world heritage sites, designated by UNESCO, and reducing them to a vulnerable state. In this paper a summary is presented to show the characteristics of the geological disasters such as short duration, strong chain reactions, clear patterns, etc. Based on geological principles and methods and with the application of GIS and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the potential damage and threats will be evaluated and analyzed together with the experience of heritage restoration and protection. With the ample analysis, this present thesis attempts to provide theoretical and practical basis for heritage conservation and management of geological disaster areas.
Analysis of Influence Factors of Urban Spatial Form in Chengdu
Authors: Han Xiao , Liu Min Min
Published: June 2012

Urban spatial form has recorded the history of city development, and also reflected the variations of urban spatial form characteristics. The thorough research and think on the influence factors of urban spatial form and pattern may help us understand the historical background of cities development and forecast the future development of urban space better. In this article, the reasons and influence factors of Chengdu, such as water system, special road system, functional lands and a whole-new model of coordinating urban-rural development, were discussed. We tried to find a way to control the out-of-order sprawl of urban development in Chengdu and promote the urban development towards a more sustainable direction.
Regional Ecological Risk Assessment Index - A Case Study at Hulunbeier
Authors: Zhang Chen , Teng Yan Guo , Lv Shi Hai , Li Dai Qing , Feng Chao Yang , Zheng Zhi Rong
Published: June 2012

Regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) can be defined as a risk assessment deals at a spatial that contains multiple habitats with multiple sources of multiple stressors affecting multiple endpoints and the characteristics of the landscape affect the risk estimate. Therefore, establishment RERA index system was quite complicate and being a hotspot in resent research. This paper discussed the history of RERA, reviewing RERA study in China and the proper site selection in Hulunbeier presenting RERA index system. An index system was set up based on the principle: Comparability, Available and Relevant. This index system developed by regarding the risk of land use change, industrial pollution and social economy as well as adopted ecosystem services, landscape and support system for regional risk assessment of degraded land (SYRIADE) methods.
Study of Central Cities Service Scope Based on Time Accessibility in Gansu Province
Authors: Wang Zu Jing , Shi Pei Ji , Li Wei
Published: June 2012

With support of GIS software, we use the spatial analysis method of vector data. Calculating the isochronous rings of central cities, and prefecture-level cities’ time accessibility. Then we divide city service scope. Next we using ArcInfo programming in linear programming optimization technology to optimize the city service scope. The results show that, the magnitude has changed dramatically among city service scope after optimization, before optimization, and the city administrative divisions. It provide technical and theoretical support for government departments to make planning of city zone divides.
Study on the Strategies of the Spatial Development Mode of the Creative Park Derived from the Creative Industries
Authors: Ren Yi , Wu Wen Ting , Shen Ao
Published: June 2012

With the booming development of creative industries, the creative park - the spatial form of this new era-plays a fairly important role in modern urban life. Creative park not only performs the responsibilities of constantly making deep dialogue and communication between people and city’s cultural life, but also makes a variety of types of space achieve regenerative transformation and functional transformation. After the early stages of development, the present problems the creative park face is how to survive with an attitude of sustainable development and a positive spatial development modes. This article aims to summarize some constructive developmental mode strategies on the basis of finished cases, which has certain positive and practical significance for the creative park space derived from the creative industries.
Sustainable Development of Uranium Industry from the Ideas of Ecological Security
Authors: Tan Kai Xuan , Huang Yong Xiang , Wang Wei Guang , Cai Gui Long
Published: June 2012

Ecological security is an important issue for sustainable development of mining industry. Uranium mining industry is the base for development of nuclear industry and nuclear power. But uranium mining and processing has larger effect on ecological environment which mainly include tailings, waste rock, waste water, and radiation effects. This paper probes into the role that ecological safety plays in the sustainable development of uranium mining based on analysis of restricting factors on uranium mining in China from the perspective of ecological security. The uranium mining industry in China to achieve sustainable development, we must establish ecological security ideas.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Renewable Energy Planning Decision-Making Based on SE-DEA
Authors: Wang En Chuang , Liu Bin , Dai Chun Yan , Liu Zhen , Tang Song Lin
Published: June 2012

In order to solve complexity of the comprehensive decision-making process about the renewable energy plan and according to the multi-criteria of renewable energy development, this paper establishes the co-benefits comprehensive evaluation index system which considers and weighs the technical, economic, social, environmental and other factors comprehensively. With SE-DEA method, this evaluation result can achieve the optimal choice of the renewable energy planning, makes objective analysis of the renewable energy planning decision-making of Hainan province, and provides a clear and specific guidance function for its further renewable energy development strategic direction.
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Enterprise Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yang Li Fang , Wang Jin Song , Yan Ai Mei , Liu Yu Na
Published: June 2012

In the paper the energy consumption level model is established. The energy efficiency level of the enterprise is evaluated from three angles including the historical trend, the industry enterprise mean value and order of whole enterprise, and then grades are given for them. And the reasonable weight is given by synthesizing evaluation results of three angles, to get the comprehensive evaluation result. Then reasonable proposals are proposed for the enterprise based on the assessment results, which make the enterprise adjust energy-using behavior, to reduce the energy consumption and save electricity, and finally to provide decision-making basis for enterprise demand side response, saving energy and reducing consumption.
The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in China: Based on SYS-GMM Estimation
Authors: Xu Shao Jun
Published: June 2012

In this study we use system GMM estimation techniques to examine the dynamic effect of financial development on energy consumption with a panel data set on 29 provinces during the period 1999-2009 in China. The empirical results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between financial development and energy consumption when financial development is measured by the ratio of loans in financial institution to GDP and by the ratio of FDI to GDP. These results have critical implications for energy policy where the impact of financial development on energy consumption, especially, the short effect from the development of bank loan scale and the long effect from the development of FDI, is important to improve the political effect.
China’s Energy Portfolio Optimization Study Based on Multi-Attribute Utility Theory and Genetic Algorithm Method
Authors: Liu Zai Bin
Published: June 2012

China’s energy planning problem was concluded to the energy portfolio optimization problem which was solved by multi-attribute utility theory and genetic algorithm methods. A fundamental objectives hierarchy was established to structure the energy technology alternatives. Based on this hierarchy model, weights and utilities of energy resources were calculated by the multi-attribute utility theory. The Evolver decision tool was used to find an optimal energy portfolio by the genetic algorithm. The results indicated China should reduce coal and nuclear power in the future energy portfolio.
Compensation Mechanism Research of AGC Based on the Theory of Externality and Common Resource
Authors: Qi Jian Xun , Zhao Gao Qiang , Han Yang , Guo Sen
Published: June 2012

The AGC (Automatic Generation Control) bring external effect for other units, power companies, users and society with its externality. Unreasonable compensation will undermine the enthusiasm of AGC units. At the same time, AGC has a supply-side attributes of common resources, and it may have a "free rider" behavior in four dimensions of capacity, quality, cost and price. According to two exclusive ideas of compensating external benefits for AS and increasing the cost of exclusion, it builds evaluation indexes system and sets up the basic model for compensation mechanism of AGC, then taking an example to analysis in which it reflects the narrowing gap among units’ profit and the recovery of units’ marginal social cost.
High and Steep Slope Stability Analysis Induced by Goaf Based on 3D Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua
Authors: Yu Qing , Zeng Sheng , Zhang Zhi Jun , Sun Bing
Published: June 2012

Contraposing a lead-zinc ore in yunnan province, Adopting FLAC3D which is a three-dimensional finite differential method to analyse the slope stability induced by goaf, The results indicated:the movement of surrounding rock had been being more intense, meanwhile the slope was instability,It might cause collapse and land slide of slope rock if no using filling method to treat timely.The sizeof plastic zone in slope rock reduced greatly after filling the goaf, that greatly improved slope stability. Results of simulation were in line with practical producing, validating that FLAC3D was an effective way of slope stability analysis induced by goaf.
Early-Warning Research on Resource Economy Sustainable Development Based on BP Artificial Neural Network - The Case of Yulin of Shaanxi Province
Authors: Song Min , Liu Xue Min
Published: June 2012

Resource economy sustainable development degree of Yulin, Shaanxi Province during Year 2000-2014 was estimated and pre-warned by building BP neural network early-warning model and applying the written Matlab7.1 calculation program and AHP method. The early-warning results indicated that, economy sustainable development tendency of Yulin, Shaanxi during Year 2000-2014 is under huge warning, serious warning, medium warning and light warning these four states, respectively; early-warning model based on BP neural network has strong simulation ability, which is more appropriate for non-linear system early-warning research of solving resource economy sustainable development.
Empirical Research on Energy Consumption Structure and Energy Efficiency - Evidence from Zhejiang Province
Authors: Zhang Di Ping , He Shuang Shuang , Li Gao Qing
Published: June 2012

Taking Zhejiang province as an example, this paper conducted a comparative analysis on the current situation of the energy consumption structure from the vertical and horizontal using the descriptive statistical method. By calculating some indexes such as energy consumption per unit GDP, energy consumption elasticity coefficient, and so on, the study analyzes and evaluates the present situation, trend and influence factors of energy efficiency. Finally, it puts forward some policy suggestions about the optimization of energy consumption structure and energy efficiency.
Empirical Study on Energy Consumption and Economic Growth - Evidence from Zhejiang Province
Authors: Zhang Di Ping , Wang Jin Nan , Zhang Xiao Ning , Wu Jing
Published: June 2012

Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper using statistical data of 1990-2009 makes a statistical analysis of energy consumption and an empirical research on the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, energy efficiency by the way of metrology analysis. The result shows the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, energy efficiency in Zhejiang Province is long balanced. There is a two-way causation between economic growth and energy consumption, but only a single causal relationship between economic growth and energy efficiency, namely, GDP grows by 3.4% when energy efficiency grows by 1%. Therefore, we give some advice on energy consumption in Zhejiang Province and the national economy sustainable development.
Energy Consumption in Traffic Flow with a Slowdown Section
Authors: Fan Yan Hong , Kuang Hua , Zhang Guo Xin , Kong Ling Jiang
Published: June 2012

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, an extended cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate the characteristics of the energy consumption in traffic flow with a slowdown section by considering the stochastic noise, the length and speed limit of the slowdown section. The simulation results show that the energy consumption is determined by the length Ls of the slowdown section as well as the speed limit Vs of the slowdown section. The smaller Vs and the larger Ls can effectively alleviate energy consumption. Through vehicle accidents and energy consumption analysis, an important conclusion is drawn that Vs =1 may be an optimum design to drive safely and reduce energy consumption from traffic control. Furthermore, the stochastic braking probability P has also an important effect on energy consumption.
Numerical Research on Anisotropy Mechanical Parameters of Fractured Rock Mass
Authors: Sun Pei Feng , Yang Tian Hong , Yu Qing Lei , Shen Wei
Published: June 2012

With ShapeMetriX3D rock non-contact measuring technology, structural planes’ distribution of MiaoGou iron mine slope is got. Then, the Mont-Carlo method is used to create equivalent fracture network, with that scale effects and anisotropic properties of rock mass are studied by RFPA2D, considering different scales and directions in statistical window. The results show that both deformation modulus and the strength of the rock mass’s REV are 2.5 m. Furthermore, the strength ratio of filler to rock (K) and the strength of the rock mass fit the logarithmic relationship in rough, while the elastic modulus ratio of filler to rock (M) and the strength of the rock mass fit the linear relationship in rough. The strength of no joints rock mass is much stronger than three times of the strength of jointed rock mass, but the rock mass elastic modulus of no joints is less than 1.6 times of the elastic modulus of jointed rock mass. The research results are directive and have reference value for the study of anisotropy mechanical parameters of rock mass engineering.
Gradient Analysis on Occupational Safety in Mine and Economic and Social Development
Authors: Jiang Zhong An , Jiang Lan
Published: June 2012

In order to explore the effect of macroeconomic policies on mine safety, selecting data of 36 economic and social indicators and occupational safety indicators in mining industry in recent 15 years. Then, based on the analysis of the traditional growth rate, processing dimensionless and benchmark correlation of data, the Average weights rank of economic and social indicators relative to the mining safety could finally be got. The advantage of gradient analysis is dropping the dimension interference of data, and using three progressive connective gradients to get the relationship between occupational safety indexes and economic and social indicators. Results of the analysis were also provided some references for the improvement of macroeconomic policy.
Research on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Primary Energy in China
Authors: Geng Wei , Zhang Bei Bei , Bu Mei Dong , Mu Kang Guo , Pang Chang Le , Hu Lin
Published: June 2012

Based on statistics from China Energy Statistical Yearbook, this paper studied basic reserves, production and consumption, spatial and temporal distribution of primary energy in 30 provinces of China by geographic information system. Result shows that primary energy resource is limited and unevenly distributed, mainly concentrates in part of northwest and northeast regions. China produced and consumed about 50% of the world coal in 2009, and imported more than 50% of crude oil from international market to meet the demand. Consumption of nuclear power and hydro power are increased year by year, yet still lower than developed countries, production and consumption of per capita of energy increased to 2.06 tce and 2.30 tce. Biomass resources are aboundant in China, with energy potential of as high as 1.17 Btce in 2030, which can be used as an important energy supplement. It is of great significance to promote the utilization of biomass energy for sustainable energy supply of China.
Study on Public-Private Partnerships Financing Structure in Hydropower Project
Authors: Zhu Min , Wang Song Jing
Published: June 2012

The hydropower, as the renewable energy, the development strategy of which is the important part of China’s whole energy development strategy in the 12th Five-Year Plan. The insufficient capital injection of government is the main restriction factor of the hydropower development. The paper introduces the Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) theories and practices, combining with the situations of China’s tight financing policies, sufficient private capital stock and so on, analyses the main problems on China’s hydropower financing and then builds the PPP structure to solve the problems, expounds the advantages, supports and safeguard measures of PPP structure. The paper puts forward the ideas that considering the hydropower project is quasi commonweal infrastructure, it is necessary for the governments to give rational compensation or Taxes and dues preferential policies to the SPC in order to guarantee stable cash flow and reasonable return on investment.
The Refueling Station Sitting of the HFCV Transportation System: A Programming Model Solution
Authors: Ma Tao , Wang Jian , Chen Ming Qi , Ma Ping
Published: June 2012

One of the main barriers to implementing hydrogen for widespread use in HFCV is the high initial cost of infrastructure. Efficiently allocating resources becomes primary importance. This paper focus on the station siting model based on the assumptions of no competition and two decision-making participants. It optimizes the infrastructure of stations built, both with respect to where the customers are and also with cost of delivery distance taken into account in double-leveled programming method. It takes profit of both the programming department and the consumer into consider, the route arrangement’s impact to cost is also being considered. At last, a simple case is enacted to show the applying of hydrogen refueling station siting model. The result proved that the model brings forward is availability.
Research on Rapid Excavation Technology of Roadway in Coal Seam with the Risk of Coal and Gas Outburst
Authors: Hu Shou Tao , Nie Bai Sheng , Liu Ming Ju , Liu Yan Wei , Li Xiang Chun , Guo Jian Hua
Published: June 2012

According to the questions of long eliminating coal and gas outburst period, large projects and slow driving came from the regional measurement of drilling hole ,the paper select 2371 (1) rail transport roadway as experiment for using along seam long drilling as a regional measurement to eliminate coal and gas outburst. Since the regional measurement of along seam long drilling had been carried out, the remaining gas content decreased more than 60％, max Smax was 5.4kg/m, max qmax was 2.01/min.Both Smax and qmax were not beyond the standard. Gas concentrations were not overrun. Gas emission decreased in the roadway afterward. The regional measurement eliminated the risk of coal and gas outburst in effect. Heading face promoted 423m forward safely. The max January footage could reach 120m.Achieve driving of heading face safely and fast.
Study on the DEM Simulation of the Granular Railway Ballast Bed Tamping
Authors: Wang Xue Jun , Chi Yi Lin , Li Wei , Zhou Tao Yong
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Since the action of high speed train and the repeated heavy loadings, the degradation and deformation that do not restore is produced in the granular railway ballast. Tamping action is an effective method that is being used to recover the elastic of the track. In order to examine the displacement and vibration characteristics of the railway ballast particles while tamped, in this article, main work is being used to establish a coupling discrete particle flow simulation model of the railway ballast and tamping tines in EDEM with the discrete element method. The two main contents are concerned in this paper. The first is to research the modeling method of ballast particles in the software EDEM. The second is to establish a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of railway ballast tamping system, and according to this model, the dynamic response of the granular particles under tamping load is calculated. From a numerical simulation, we can find the effect of ballast’s vibration characteristic is related to the shape of particles in significant measure. The research shows the discrete element method is an effective method for solving the vibration problem of railway ballast of random force vibration.
The Study on the Tourist Soft Power Promoting the Economic Development of Taian City
Authors: Han Su , Cui Chuan Ming , Zhang Xu Ping
Published: June 2012

In the tourist advanced areas like Taian City, Shandong Province, the construction of tourist soft power is closed linked with the local economic development. Whether the economy of the above areas can develop quickly depends greatly on whether the local government leaders have paid enough attention to the construction of the tourist soft power. In this article, combined with the reality of Taian City, the authors put forward our personal viewpoints on strengthening the construction of Taian’s tourist soft power in order to promote its economic development from 4 different ways.
Agricultural Education and Environmental Protection: A Vision of Ecological Agrarianism in America
Authors: Yao Gui Gui
Published: June 2012

Ecological agrarianism came on stage in America in reaction to the development of industrial agriculture, which gained its momentum after World War II. In order to establish a link between agriculture and environmental protection, ecological agrarians emphasize the importance of education in the changing of fundamental assumptions of human’s place in nature and advocated reform of agricultural education, especially that in land-grant university (LGU), which has been quite effective and promising.
Case Study on the Establishment of Panasonic Environmental Management System: Based on the Aspect of Green Product Life Cycle
Authors: Jia Jian Feng , Yun Li Mei , Zhao Xi Nan
Published: June 2012

Based on Green Product Cycle, using Panasonic as a case study, this paper explores how to establish the Environmental Management System by utilizing reviews of literature and resources of data base, and analyzing the data by conducting coding and categorizing. As a result of this study, there are six components of Environmental Management System, and they are design and development of green product, green procurement, green logistics, green marketing and waste recycling. Management suggestions to Chinese enterprises are: further understanding the concept of Environmental Management, and discovering their own path for environmental management with Chinese characteristics; implementing environmental control in overall process in producing and managing, and establishing scientific environmental management system; breaking through the bottleneck of technology and put environmental management into practice.