bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Mucoadhesive Thermoreversible Drug Delivery System with special Emphasis on Recto-Anal Region for the Treatment of Internal Hemorrhoids
Authors: S Firoz , S Rajasekaran
Published: May 2021

The concept of combination of thermo reversibility and mucoadhesion has achieved a much valuable interest in various fields of pharmaceutics. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, and mucin molecules and increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption. Thermoreversible gels are the hydrogels that are liquids at room temperature but undergo gelation when in contact with body fluids or change in pH. A major problem faced by conventional formulation in various routes of administration viz. nasal, ocular, vaginal, rectal, etc is drainage of instilled formulation, poor patient compliance as in the case of vaginal and rectal delivery system. Also, blurred vision and irritation to mucosa is observed in the case of ocular and nasal delivery respectively. The drainage of the formulation results in inaccurate dose delivery thus decreasing the bioavailability of the drug which demands an increase in the frequency of the administration. To overcome these limitations, there is need of novel delivery system such as thermoreversible mucoadhesive insitu gel which provides an ease of administration and improved patient compliance as these smart delivery system is free flowing liquid at ambient temperature and gels at physiological temperature which is higher than the LCST (low critical solution temperature) of thermoreversible polymer. The combined effect of mucoadhesion and thermoreversible property will enhance prolongation of residence time of dosage form and the accuracy of the dose in body cavity respectively, leading to increased bioavailability of the drug. This review focuses on benefits of mucoadhesive thermoreversible system of drug delivery through rectum for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids.
Pengujian Batu Apung Sebagai Filler Pada Campuran Hrs-Base
Authors: Meitari, M.T.A  , Morai, S  , Alpius  , Kamba Charles
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan abu batu apung dari Tidore Provinsi Maluku Utara sebagai pengganti filler pada campuran Lataston HRS-Base bergradasi senjang dan semi senjang. Metode pengujian, yaitu berat jenis filler abu batu apung, uji Marshall Konvensional dan Marshall Immertion. Melalui uji Marshall diperoleh nilai karakteristik campuran Lataston HRS-Base bergradasi senjang dan semi senjang. Hasil pengujian Marshall Immertion campuran Lataston HRS-Base bergradasi senjang dan semi senjang dengan menggunakan kadar filler optimum didapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) / Durabilitas campuran sebesar 90,86% dan 91,49% yang berarti melampaui syarat batas yaitu ≥90% sehingga campuran tahan terhadap perendaman dalam air

Kata Kunci : Abu batu apung, Lataston HRS-Base, Pengujian Marshall.
Pelayanan Penumpang Angkutan Umum Kota Trayek Sudiang - Sentral Kota Makassar
Authors: Tandirerung Ismawati , Ramba Jumeitri , Rahman Rais , Ali Nur
Published: May 2021

Angkutan umum perkotaan sebagai salah satu bagian dari transportasi  merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok masyarakat kota dan merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan kehidupan kota pada umumnya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis kinerja pelayanan penumpang angkutan umum kota (mikrolet) pada trayek Sudiang – Sentral Makassar. Pengguna jasa angkutan umum kota (mikrolet) lebih dominan perempuan dimana rentang umurnya 20-29 tahun dan pendidikan terakhir yaitu SLTA dengan jenis pekerjaannya yaitu wiraswasta yang berpenghasilan di atas lima juta. Moda yang digunakan yaitu angkutan kota dengan jarak tempuh sejauh 10-15 km dan waktu tempuh 21-30 menit dimana rantai perjalanannya dari rumah ke kantor dengan biaya Rp 250.000-Rp 400.0000. Rata-rata responden tidak puas terhadap  kinerja angkutan umum kota (mikrolet) hal ini dapat dilihat dari kecepatan waktu, kemampuan menghindari kemacetan dan daya jelajah yang masih rendah.

 Kata Kunci : angkutan umum, kepuasan penumpang, tingkat pelayanan kinerja
Analisa Perbandingan Lebar Potongan Profil (e) Terhadap Tegangan Lentur Baja Castella Ditinjau Dari Lendutan
Authors: Hamsyah
Published: May 2021

Suatu Balok Baja Castella yang diberikan beban terpusat pada posisi horisontal ditengah akan mengalami deformasi vertical. penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perilaku lentur dan pengaruh tegangan dengan desain yang berbeda serta mengetahui besarnya beban yang bekerja pada balok baja castella. untuk pengujian beban terhadap balok baja castella menggunakan referensi dari SNI dan ASCE 2005. Pengujian dilakukan dengan model fisik dilaboratorium dengan desain yang dibuat dengan metode pengujian balok berukuran 200.100.5,5.8 cm dengan menempatkan beban diatas penampang utuh dengan harapan tegangan yang terjadi bisa menyebar keseluruh penampang dan kekuatannya bisa menjadi lebih tinggi. Program pola pembebanan secara yang sama yang hasilnya kemudian dibandingkan dengan perhitungan analisis antara baja solid dengan baja castella. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, kapasitas beban lateral akan naik seiring dengan bertambahnya gaya tegangan,  dapat diamati terjadinya mekanisme kerusakan dan kegagalan yang berbeda pada benda uji tersebut.
Karakteristik Beton Mutu Tinggi dengan Substitusi Slag Baja dan Slag Nikel Sebagai Agregat Kasar
Authors: Suwindu Komang Saka , Sandy Desi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan, tarik belah, dan kuat lentur pada beton mutu tinggi dengan variasi subtitusi slag baja dan slag nikel sebagai pengganti agregat kasar. Pengujian beton yang dilakukan adalah meliputi kuat tekan, tarik belah, dan kuat lentur. Proses penelitian dimulai dari pemeriksaaan karakteristik slag, dan agregat halus kemudian melakukan mix design dan membuat benda uji berupa silinder 150 mm x 300 mm sebanyak 36 buah dan balok 150 mmx 150 mm x 600 mm sebanyak 9 buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subtitusi slag baja dan slag nikel terhadap kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah, dan kuat lentur adalah semakin besar presentase slag nikel maka semakin besar kenaikan kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah dan kuat lentur. Nilai kuat tekan dengan subtitusi slag nikel 20% meningkat 3,347%; dan untuk subtitusi slag nikel 30% meningkat sebanyak 4,603%. Nilai kuat tarik belah dengan subtitusi slag nikel 20% meningkat 30,137%; dan untuk subtitusi slag nikel 30% meningkat sebanyak 46,585%. Nilai kuat lentur dengan subtitusi slag nikel 20% meningkat 31,674%; dan untuk subtitusi slag nikel 30% meningkat sebanyak 66,179%. Hubungan kuat tekan dengan kuat tarik belah rata-rata yang diperoleh pada beton mutu tinggi dengan subtitusi slag nikel 0%, 20%, 30% pada umur 28 hari adalah 9,3%. Hubungan kuat tekan dengan kuat lentur ratarata diperoleh pada beton mutu tinggi dengan subtitusi slag nikel 0%, 20%, 30% pada umur 28 hari adalah 0,621.
Seaweed Extracts Effectiveness against Selected Gram-negative Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Saleh Basel , Al-Hallab Laila , Al-Mariri Ayman
Published: May 2021

Aqueous and six solvent extracts of four seaweeds Codium tomentosum (Chlorophyceae); Corallina mediterranea, Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophyceae), and Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyceae) were screened for their antibacterial activity against 10 gram-negative bacterial isolates. Seaweeds crude extracts potent antibacterial activity have been evaluated based on zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values as reported in manyresearches. Overall, aqueous algal extracts were non active against all tested isolates regardless examined seaweed species. It was noticed that ZIs were in the following order: S. vulgare (17 mm) against Acinetobacter baumannii and C. mediteranea (17 mm) against Salmonella typhimurium > H. musciformis (13 mm) against Escherichia coli O:157 > C. tomentosum (11 mm) against S. typhimurium. Data revealed that the S. vulgare extracts showed the most inhibitory activity by showing the lowest MIC50 value of 0.08 mg/mL (methanolic extract against Shigella flexneri and hexane extract against E. coli O:157 isolate) and also the lowest MBC value of 1.00 mg/mL (methanolic extract against S. typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, E. coli O:157 and Brucella melitensis isolates; and also with ethanolic extract against S. marcescens and E. coli O:157 isolates). Future studies on the S. vulgare extracts are required due to their importance as a potent, promising and cheap source of bioactive compounds for antibacterial pretreatment.
Review Present and Future Prospective of Green Technologies
Authors: Shaikh Zaffar Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In the modern age, changes in climate, global warming, depletion of energy resources and other concerns related to the environment have prompted the development of green technologies. Scientists consider that the expansion in the echelons of the sustainable development will influence sustainable economics as well as societies. It will likewise have an extremely positive effect on supportability later on. Technical progressions in the cutting edge society symbolize human creativity and novelties. Conversely, that innovation has brought about the disturbance of ecology from a region to worldwide level. Green technologies have a positive prospect in addressing the necessities of monetary sustainability. But, factors concerning ecological and societal sustainability should be strengthened in a conjoint way. Environmental in addition to economic influence and effectiveness of an innovation ought to be broken down before the use of technologies. It ought to be a win-win circumstance while financial and economic and sustainable progressions are profoundly emphasized on. This review paper delivers a general idea of green technologies. The difficulties looked in progressing and executing green technologies and modern patterns that result in sustainability are moreover talked about. This review likewise portrays administrative strategies and fund associated issues.
Impact of Green Manuring and Crop Residues Incorporation along with Gypsum on Rehabilitation of Saline Sodic Soil and Yield of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice
Authors: Mahmood Imdad Ali , Ullah Muhammad Arshad , Jamil Muhammad , Zaman Badar-uz- , Suhaib Muhammad , Haider Syed Ishtiaq
Published: May 2021

A two years field study on rice was conducted to see the efficacy of gypsum to improve soil productivity with green manuring (GM) and crop residue (CR) incorporation and its impact on paddy yield of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice grown under saline-sodic soil..................................................Soil organic matter (SOM) intensity was also improved due to GM and CR incorporation particularly during the second year of crop harvest.
Cloud Point Extraction for the Determination of Different Metal Ions by Using Bis(2-Acetyl Pyridine 4-Phenyl 3-Thiosemicarbazone) as Complexing Reagent
Authors: Shah Ambreen , Keerio Fayyaz Ahmed , Memon Saima Qayyum , Memon Ghulam Zuhra
Published: May 2021

A new method of cloud point extraction was determined for preconcentration and determination of different metal ions like copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions. The complexation has been done by bis(2-acetyl pyridine 4-phenyl 3-thiosemicarbazone) (APPT) using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as surfactant. Metal ions are extracted into the phase rich in SDS after centrifugation. Initially, micellar phase was dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water then acidified with 0.5 mol/L HNO3, enhanced the surfactant- rich phase and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of pH, the concen- trations of metal ions and chelating agent (APPT), volume of surfactant (SDS), equilibration temperature and time were studied on CPE. The preconcentration factor obtained was 25 and the limits of detection(DL) obtained for cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) were 1.5, 1.7 and 2.4 ng/mL, respectively. This method of preconcentration was effectively useful for the determination of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) in water samples.
Cavernous Hemangiomatous Polyp of Uterus
Authors: VARLI Gökhan , KILIÇARSLAN Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Vascular malformations of uterus are extremely rare, benign lesions. A survey of the literature identified fewer than 50 cases of hemangioma of the uterus. Here, we describe a rare case of a cavernous hemangiomatous polyp in 36 years old non pregnant wowan with endometrial polypectomy. A vascular lesions localized to a portion of the uterus may be clinically silent during pregnancy and throughout delivery thus making it difficult to detect. Though rare, it may be an important differential in any female patient who presents with non-responsive uterine bleeding and/or unremitting pelvic pain.
Game Battle of Artificial Intelligence Berbasis Android
Authors: Lumaris Riandika , Armanto Hendrawan , Adrianus Willy
Published: May 2021

Dengan berkembangnya permainan dan artificial intelligence saat ini, maka dibuat sebuah permainan Battle of Artificial Intelligence. Game ini merupakan game berbasis Android dan merupakan permainan pertarungan antar robot, tetapi robot yang dijalankan berdasarkan pada sistem artificial intelligence yang dibuat oleh pemain. Dalam konsep ini pemain dapat membuat sebuah sistem Artificial Intelligence yang digunakan pada sebuah robot, dan robot tersebut akan digunakan untuk bertarung dengan robot musuh. Permainan ini merupakan permainan strategi dimana pemain diajak untuk memikirkan cara memenangkan pertempuran, yaitu dengan memilih prioritas dan membuat sistem AI yang berbeda. Pemain dapat mengembangkan, mengubah sebuah sistem Artificial Intelligence sesuai dengan yang pemain inginkan. Tidak hanya itu, pengguna juga dapat mengembangkan sistem AI yang dibuat dengan cara melakukan pertempuran dengan pemain lain secara online. Pemain dapat mengetahui sejauh mana sistem Artificial Intelligence yang dibuat mampu bertahan. Dari 22 pengguna yang sudah melakukan uji coba permainan dan mengisi kuisioner diperoleh bahwa konsep permainan ini menarik. Berdasarkan pemahaman tutorial, pengguna dapat menambah pengetahuan pengguna mengenai bagaimana artificial intelligence bekerja. Hampir 60% pengguna menyukai interface yang dibuat di dalam game. Pengguna juga dapat menambah pengetahuan mengenai pembuatan sistem artificial intelligence pada permainan ini berdasarkan hasil pemahaman sistem artifcial intelligence. Dengan adanya multiplayer, pengguna termotivasi untuk mengembangkan sistem artificial intelligence dengan bertanding dengan pemain lain secara online. Rating rata-rata yang diperoleh dari 22 pengguna yang telah melakukan uji coba adalah 3.45.
Klasifikasi Citra Daun Memanfaatkan Angular Partition, Edge Detection dan Neural Network
Authors: Santoso Elkana Lewi , Setyati Endang , Kristian Yosi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam Tesis ini adalah mengklasifikasikan 1907 daun berasal dari 32 jenis tanaman yang berbeda. Foto tersebut diambil dari website flavia. Proses klasifikasi daun-daun dilakukan  dengan menggunakan Neural Network dengan metode Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN).      Tahap awal adalah mengubah ukuran gambar yang didapat dari flavia 1600x1200 piksel menjadi berukuran 300x225 piksel, terdiri dari tahap membuat gambar dengan Sobel untuk mendeteksi tepi, membuat gambar dengan Sobel dan menambah kecerahan gambar, sehingga tepi dan serat daun dapat lebih jelas. Citra daun di potong-potong dengan angular partition (sudut pembagi) 5°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 30°, 45° dan 90°. Pembuatan data set dengan delapan ekstrasi fitur daun yang terdiri dari menghitung : jumlah piksel-piksel pada bagian daun, jumlah piksel pada keliling daun, jumlah sudut pada daun, jumlah piksel pada keliling dan serat daun serta menghitung jarak tiap-tiap piksel tersebut dengan center of gravity (titik berat). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan 100 macam variasi nilai layer tersembunyi untuk tiap-tiap sudut pembagi tersebut.  Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : semakin kecil sudut pembagi(5°) dan semakin besar sudut pembagi (90°)   tidak menghasilkan akurasi yang semakin bagus. Hasil akurasi tertinggi yang diraih sebesar 96,7488%.  Hasil tersebut didapat dengan membagi daun menjadi sudut  11,25° tiap bagian (16 bagian), Susunan BPNN yang digunakan terdiri dari 1 input, 1 output, 3 hiden layer , tiap layer tersembunyi  berisi 128, 120, 112 neurons, dan 32 neurons untuk output layer.
Analisis Sentimen Pengguna Twitter Terhadap Polemik Persepakbolaan Indonesia Menggunakan Pembobotan TF-IDF dan K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Septian Jeremy Andre , Fachrudin Tresna Maulana , Nugroho Aryo
Published: May 2021

Persepakbolaan Indonesia belakangan ini memiliki banyak polemik mulai dari kasus pengaturan skor, pergantian pelatih timnas senior hingga pergantian ketua umum Persatuan Sepak bola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI). Polemik ini menimbulkan banyaknya opini maupun pendapat dari pengguna twitter terhadap persepakbolaan di Indonesia sehingga diperlukan sebuah sistem untuk memudahkan dalam mengetahui sentimen pada setiap kalimat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sentimen pada setiap kalimat dari pengguna twitter terhadap persepakbolaan Indonesia apakah memiliki sentimen negatif atau positif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari hasil crawling dari media sosial twitter terkait persepakbolaan di Indonesia yang diambil dari akun twitter resmi PSSI. Setelah data dikumpulkan kemudian akan dilakukan beberapa tahapan yaitu preprocessing yang terdiri dari cleansing, tokenizing, stopword removal, dan stemming.  Pembobotan kata menggunakan Term Frequency-Invers Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Pada tahap validasi data dilakukan pengujian silang sebanyak 10 kali menggunakan k-fold cross validation, kemudian diklasifikasikan dengan metode K-Nearest Neighbor dapat menghasilkan akurasi yang cukup baik. Dari 2000 data tweet berbahasa indonesia didapatkan hasil akurasi optimal pada nilai k=23 sebanyak 79.9%
Daily Variation of Plasma Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Women with Endometriosis
Authors: Bucci Fiorella , Pluchino Nicola , Luisi Stefano , Cela Vito , Artini Paolo G. , Giannini Andrea , Russo Marinella , Russo Natalia , Casarosa Elena , Luisi Michele , Genazzani Andrea R.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease affecting women in their Reproductive age and characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of neurotrophins (in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the pain pathway and in inflammation processes, which both characterize endometriosis. Our previous study revealed higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients suffering from endometriosis than in healthy women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, thus suggesting a neuroprotective role of this particular neurotrophin in response to a neuro-inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study is to assess whether the diurnal variation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the circadian rhythm of cortisol are preserved in this kind of patient.

Methods

We enrolled 11 healthy women (age range 20 to 30, BMI range 20.6 to 29.3), and 11 women suffering from endometriosis (age range 25 to 35, BMI range 20.5 to 27.2). Blood samples were withdrawn from each subject in the follicular phase at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 24:00, and at 8:00 the following day, in order to assess BDNF and cortisol plasma levels during the day.

Results

We found a preserved cortisol circadian rhythm in patients with endometriosis, while the BDNF daily variation is blunted if compared to healthy women in follicular phase.

Conclusions

In endometriosis the biological rhythm is preserved, which is demonstrated by the cortisol's rhythm, and the lack of BDNF variation is probably only blunted by the increase in its peripheral production, because of the physiopathologic mechanisms of this disease.
IV WEB SEMINÁRIOS INTERDISCIPLINARES: EDIÇÃO CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS E I SIMPÓSIO ON-LINE DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA UNEMAT
Authors: Henrique Victor Hugo de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

O Web Seminários Interdisciplinares surgiu dos anseios em apresentar um debate pautado na interdisciplinaridade entre as diversas áreas do conhecimento. Desde o seu nascimento, suas edições têm sido de forma on-line, transmitidas pela plataforma YouTube, devido a Pandemia da Covid-19 que assola o mundo e o Brasil, tendo seu primeiro caso no final de 2019 na China e no Brasil no primeiro semestre de 2020. A primeira edição aconteceu 22 de julho até 19 de setembro de 2020, com um total de 1143 inscrições. O II Web Seminários Interdisciplinares: Edição Paulo Freire foi realizado entre os dias 16 e 20 de novembro de 2020 com 853 inscritos, já a terceira edição, III Web Seminários Interdisciplinares: Edição Ciências Biológicas aconteceu entre 07 e 11 de dezembro de 2020 com 811 inscrições e por fim, temos a quarta edição, IV Web Seminários Interdisciplinares: Edição Ciências Ambientais e I Simpósio On-line de Educação Ambiental da UNEMAT, com 1083 inscrições. O IV Web Seminários Interdisciplinares: Edição Ciências Ambientais e I Simpósio On-line de Educação Ambiental da UNEMAT teve como proposta debater a área das Ciências Ambientais em suas diversas facetas, pautadas pela interdisciplinaridade. O evento foi dividido em mesas-redondas on-line com os seguintes temas: 1) Ciências Ambientais e Interdisciplinaridade; 2) Justiça Climática; 3) Conservação dos Biomas Brasileiros; 4) Gestão Participativa e Políticas Públicas Ambientais; 5) Educação Ambiental. A quarta edição teve dois diferenciais em relação as edições anteriores, ela contou com a oferta de minicursos e com a submissão e apresentação de trabalhos na modalidade resumos. Foram nove eixos temáticos que os participantes submeteram seus resumos, totalizando 159 trabalhos, divididos em relatos de pesquisas e relatos de experiência. Os eixos temáticos foram: 1) Direitos Humanos, Ciências Ambientais e Educação; 2) Políticas Públicas Ambientais e Educação; 3) Movimentos sociais, Ciências Ambientais e Educação; 4) Educação, Currículo e Ciências Ambientais; 5) Formação de professores/agentes em Ciências Ambientais; 6) Diálogo dos Saberes, Etnociências e Ciências Ambientais; 7) Questões socioambientais dos biomas brasileiros; 8) Gestão socioambiental; 9) Saúde e Ciências Ambientais. Os trabalhos foram avaliados por uma comissão científica composta por mestres e doutores quanto a sua relevância científica, metodológica e social.
Evaluation of physical and chemical soil properties under different management types in the south-western Colombian Andes
Authors: Molina-Cuaichar Daniel A. , Moreno-Muñoz Angélica S. , Benavides-Martinez Ivan F. , Navia-Estrada Jorge F. , Mosquera-Guerrero Jairo H.
Published: May 2021

Aim of study: Evaluating the variability of physical and chemical soil properties under different soil uses in an experimental farmland of the southwestern Colombian Andes.Area of study: This research was conducted at the Botana Experimental Farm in the mountainous area of Nariño, at the south-western Colombia.Material and methods: nine soil variables were measured under six soil uses which included traditional agriculture, agroforestry systems, and a 67-year-old secondary forest that was used as a reference for comparisons with other soil uses. Data was analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and Duncan’s tests.Main results: organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, clay contents and base saturation were the variables with higher variability among soil uses. The secondary forest and an agroforestry system with alley-cropped wax laurel showed the best soil conditions, whilst pastures and monoculture potato crop plots showed the least desirable conditions for all variables.Research highlights: We found that soils under alley-crop with wax laurel presented the characteristics most similar to the secondary forest. Conversely, soils under alley-crop with alder resembled the soils under intensive management (pasture and potato monocrop); which is related to the inadequate management of this agroforestry systems, provoking that the woody component does not accomplish its goal when implemented.Keywords: soil; agroforestry systems; Andes; forest.Abbreviations used: ACAL, Alley cropping of Alder Trees, ACWL; Alley cropping of Wax Laurel; AFS, agroforestry systems; AWC, available water capacity; BD, Bulk Density; BS, Base saturation; CEC, Cation Exchange Capacity; CLA, Clay; CI, Confidence Intervals, INF, Infiltration; ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; OC, Soil Organic Carbon;  PAST, Pasture; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PC, Principal Component; POCR, Potato Crop; POR, Soil Porosity; SCAL, Scattered Alder Trees; SEFO, Secondary Forest; SU, soil uses; AU, Animal unit.
Economic Evaluation of “Green Energy” Potential in Nagorno-Karabakh and Neighboring Regions
Authors: Hajiyeva Nargiz , Karimli Ali
Published: May 2021

The paper focuses on the economic opportunities of renewable energy resources (RES) in Azerbaijan's liberated territories. Armenia illegally exploited energy and other natural resources in Nagorno-Karabakh and its surrounding areas during its 30-year occupation. As a result, it is not surprising that the establishment of a "green energy" zone in the territories has been given high priority in the post-liberation period. Traditional energy sources are currently the most common source of electricity generation in the world. In this regard, the world's ever-increasing energy demand accelerates nation-states' gradual transition to green energy. Electricity generation from renewable energy sources is increasing in many countries, including the United States. In Nagorno-Karabakh and seven neighboring regions, the state is focusing on the production and effective use of renewable energy resources. As a result, ensuring harmony in the gradual use of renewable and traditional energy resources will be essential to the country's socioeconomic development, environmental sustainability, and energy security. The economic analysis of renewable energy potential and the establishment of a “green energy” industry are conducted in the article.
Rebellerende zorgprofessionals
Authors: Wallenburg Iris , van de Bovenkamp Hester , Weggelaar-Jansen Anne Marie , Bal Roland
Published: May 2021

Rebellious healthcare professionals: juggling with rules, passion and accountability

Bureaucracy and ‘red tape’ are seen as a main annoyance in healthcare practice. ‘Rules’ like guidelines and performance indicators would withdraw professionals from their real work, that is, helping patients. However, rules may also improve quality of care if they foster high quality practices. In this research, we explore how healthcare rebels deal with rules in their everyday work: how rebels ignore, engender and bend rules to build new environments for doing good care. Drawing on ethnographic research in three hospitals in the Netherlands (2017-2018), we reveal how rebels build and care for clinical microsystems containing their own clinical unit and related contexts (e.g. pharmaceutical suppliers, ICT companies, primary care) to evoke alternative and situated practices of good care delivery – i.e. focusing on quality of life and person-centred care. Rebels enact mechanisms of decoupling and recoupling to disconnect rules that embark on good care in specific patient situations, and build new routines that foster good care. However, such caring practices are hard to generalize as they often occur ‘under the radar’ and hence remain hardly noticed to the outside world. We argue that through revising accounting processes, and paying more attention to narratives of good care, more convenient quality systems could be found.
Independence of foster care charges and their relations with the family
Authors: Kolankiewicz Maria , Iwański Jakub
Published: May 2021

The article presents the legal basis for the independence of foster care charges and the analysis of statistical information on independence in Warsaw in 2012–2019, in the period after the introduction of the Act on supporting the family and foster care. Part of the research carried out in a group of 52 young adults leaving foster families and care and educational facilities in Warsaw, describing their opinions on the reasons for which they were placed in foster care, their contacts with their parents and relations with their relatives, was also discussed.
O USO INADEQUADO DO MISOPROSTOL COMO ABORTIVO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Fernandes  Esteves Mariana , da  Silva  Sá Rafael , Maria  Rodrigues Natalia , Borges  Batalha Rafaela , Ariane Calamita Quiroga Melina
Published: May 2021

DuetothefrequentoccurrenceofillegalabortioninBrazilandincountrieswherethepracticeiscriminalized,thedrugmisoprostolhasbeenameansofeasyaccessforwomenwhoseektoterminateapregnancy.However,itsuseisoftenperformedincorrectlyandabortionendsupnotbeingeffective.Thus,theaimofthestudywastogatherthedataavailableintheliteraturetoanalyzetheimpactoftheinflationaryuseofmisoprostolonmaternalandfetalhealth.Theintegrativereviewwasadoptedtocarryoutthiswork.Articlesthataddressthethemeofinappropriateabortionwiththeuseofmisoprostolwereincluded,withinallareasofhealthinterest,andthosewhosethemeexposesothertherapeuticpurposesofthedrugwereexcluded.Asseenintheliterature,theincorrectandunconscioususeofmisoprostolcancauseseriousdamagetomaternalandfetalhealth,althoughitisscientificallyproventobesafeinhospitalswiththesupportofmedicalindicationandtrainedprofessionals.
Visualização de software baseada no modelo Little House
Authors: Calegari Gabriel Lage , Ferreira Kecia Aline Marques
Published: May 2021

Desenvolver e manter softwares com qualidade constituem-se tarefas difíceis. A baixa compreensão das estruturas de software e a complexidade de analisar os impactos de alterações são obstáculos para que um software evolua sem grandes deteriorações. Visualizar graficamente o sistema e suas características permitiria identificar mais facilmente possíveis necessidades de reestruturação do software e, com isso, amenizar seu processo de deterioração. Buscando contribuir com um recurso desta natureza, em um trabalho anterior de um dos autores do presente artigo, foi desenvolvido um modelo, denominado Little House, que consiste em uma figura macroscópica genérica das estruturas de software orientado a objetos, baseado no modelo bow-tie que descreve a web. Little House modela o software como uma rede que pode ser particionada em 6 componentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver algoritmos de particionamento para o modelo Little House e criar uma ferramenta de visualização de software que exiba as redes de software para esse modelo.
Expectativas e Percepções sobre a Gerência de Configuração de Software: Um Survey
Authors: Souza Maurício R. de A. , Evangelista Matheus B. R. , Moreira Renata T. , Rouiller Ana , Figueiredo Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Este artigo descreve os resultados da aplicação de um survey para investigar as percepções e expectativas dos profissionais de software a respeito do processo de gerência de configuração de software (GCS). Foram coletados 71 respostas de profissionais de 50 organizações da indústria de software brasileira. Entre os resultados obtidos elencamos os principais problemas observados antes e depois da adoção da GCS, as expectativas dos profissionais de software em relação a processo e os benefícios observados. Identificamos que a GCS tem atendido principalmente a expectativa de maior controle sobre mudanças e que, na população analisada, a GCS tem solucionado problemas atribuídos a sua falta (com média de 37% de problemas não solucionados).
Uma Abordagem de Gestão e Desenvolvimento de Automatização de Processos de Negócios com apoio de BPMS
Authors: Ramos Luana P. , Bessa Adriano
Published: May 2021

Em resposta aos desafios em aliar conceitos da disciplina de BPM (Business Process Management) aos conceitos de Engenharia de Software, SCRUM, desenvolvimento agil de software, assim como conceitos de SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) e entendimento entre as areas de Processos, Negocios e TI, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de desenvolvimento de software, para automatizar processos com apoio de BPMS (Business Process Management System). A abordagem e um guia para os profissionais de TI e de negocio para que ambos se apropriem dos passos necessários ao desenvolvimento de automatização e desenvolvam uma solução de forma orientada a processos. A abordagem foi validada através de projetos de pesquisa-ação.
Assessing the impact of Scrum in airborne software quality assurance
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda C. P. Motta , França Ricardo Bedin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present an evaluation of Scrum's impacts over the software quality assurance process in the embedded aerospace software domain. We present basic concepts of the DO-178C and Scrum, then we assess related work and introduce the case study used as reference for our study, as well as the perceived results of using Scrum in both the development teams and in quality assurance. Finally, we summarize good practices for using Scrum in software quality assurance teams.
A comparative study of algorithms for generating switch cover test sets
Authors: Mariano Matheus Monteiro , Souza Érica Ferreira , Endo André Takeshi , Vijaykumar Nandamudi L.
Published: May 2021

Test case generation based on Finite State Machines (FSMs) has been extensively investigated due to its accuracy and simplicity. Several test criteria have been proposed in the literature to generate test cases based on FSMs. One of the oldest criteria is the Switch Cover. As a main feature, the Switch Cover criterion defines that all transition pairs of an FSM must be covered. The classical Switch Cover algorithm converts the FSM into a graph (known as Dual Graph); this graph is balanced, and, finally, traversed based on an Eulerian Cycle algorithm. In this context, considering the stage where an FSM is converted into a graph, this study investigates other search algorithms on graphs, namely Depth-First Search (DFS) and Breadth-First Search (BFS), for generating test sets from a Dual Graph. We presented an experimental study that compares the DFS, BFS algorithms with the Eulerian Cycle. The study was conducted with a set of random and real-world machines, taking into account the number of test cases, the test suite size, the average length of sequences and generation time.
Ecosystem Changes in Shola Forest-Grassland Mosaic of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR)
Authors: Sasmitha R. , Muhammad Iqshanullah A. , Arunachalam R.
Published: May 2021

The Shola grasslands are tropical montane forests found in the high altitudes of Western Ghats separated by rolling grasslands. These unique ecosystems act as the home for many of the floral and faunal endemic species and also serve as the water reservoir for the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The grassland let the rainwater to flow through the sholas into the stream and provide water to the region throughout the year. The region once covered with tropical montane forest and grassland was transformed into a land of plantation over the centuries. As the grasslands are easy to clear off, tea estates, coffee estates and timber plantations were established by the British and later by the Indian forest department to satisfy the various need of the growing economy. Majority of this region are being replaced by the invasive tree species and agricultural plantations. This led to the loss of major proportion of the shola forest and grassland. Many developmental works have been carried out in the region and these developmental activities results in the gradual disappearance of the ecosystem. These ecosystem need to be conserved and hence, identifying the knowledge gap and application of current state of knowledge is necessary.
Pharmaceutical Antibiotics at a Significant Level in Nature: From Hospitals, Livestock, and Plants to Soil, Water, and Sea
Authors: Corredor Mauricio , Muñoz-Gómez Amalia
Published: May 2021

Antibiotics were the world’s great therapeutic hope after the Second World War, but today, unmonitored use has become one of the greatest risks for humanity. Without overestimation, one of the last scientific books on antibiotics was entitled: Antibiotics, the perfect storm. Before to environmental contamination by antibiotics, the pathogens got resistant to them. Because of the radical changes that antibiotics have brought about, they can generate new resistant bacteria in the environment that were previously harmless. These microorganisms will be exposed to concentrations of antibiotics never reached or will be exposed to unknown molecules that, for many of them, in certain environments, have never been exposed before. Initially, many of these antibiotics did not penetrate soils with high agricultural production, but in the following decades, they were even interspersed into crops. Nowadays, hundreds of tons of antibiotics are dumped into rivers and the sea. Many hospitals have water treatment facilities to prevent significant contamination, but not all companies, farms, and hospitals in developed, emerging, or poor countries apply wastewater treatment. Antibiotics are incorporated into wild microorganisms and plants, triggering a broad “unnatural” resistance, which will rapidly incorporate this information into the genome of other pathogenic microorganisms by horizontal transfer. On the other hand, antibiotics could be incorporated into drinking water and water intended for human or agricultural consumption that travels without being detected or monitored. This review covers the most important aspects of environmental pollution by antibiotics.
Satisfaction with Orthopedic Treatments
Authors: Gonzalez-Martin Cristina , Pertega-Diaz Sonia , Seijo-Bestilleiro Rocio , Teresa Garcia-Rodriguez Maria
Published: May 2021

To determine the effectiveness and satisfaction with orthopodologic treatments in users of the University Clinic of podiatry at the University of A Coruña, according to various parameters. After approval from the ethics committee of the University of A Coruña, an observational retrospective study (n = 125). We analyzed the effectiveness and satisfaction with the orthopodologic treatments depending on the reason for consultation, diagnosis, treatment and goals of treatment. We performed a descriptive analysis of all variables collected. The most frequent reason for consultation was for pain of the hindfoot (58.2%).The most frequent diagnosis was plantar fasciitis, followed by metatarsalgia (29.7% vs. 18.6%). The orthotic treatment corrective was the most used (68.5%) with pronation control (52.3%). The majority of patients reported improvement in pain, and a high degree of satisfaction with the treatment used. The profile of the patient who consults the Podiatry clinic for a orthopodologic treatment is that of a man over the age of 50, who consulted for pain of the hindfoot. The most frequent diagnosis is plantar fasciitis and the treatment carried out the corrective for pronation control. The majority of patients used the brace between 4 and 8 hours a day, with a high satisfaction with the treatment and improvement in the evolution of the pain. The degree of satisfaction was significantly associated with age, younger patients more satisfied. The improvement of pain was significantly associated with age, younger patients who show improvement.
The Age-Sex Structure of Religion as a Determinant of the Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in Maroua
Authors: Billa Robert Nanche
Published: May 2021

We set out to find out how the sex-age structure of religion of internal migrants influences their integration in the socio-economic activities of Maroua. We used the exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling method to collect data in which each new referral provided us with more data for referral until we got enough number of subjects for the sample. We concluded that: if one is a Muslim, one will have a stable and progressing business because Muslims maintain a good relationship with their neighbors and they also practice a relationship of solidarity. However, the socio-economic activities of Catholics, Pentecostals and Protestants suffer because they lack the cultural capital that Muslims enjoy. However, age plays a major role: when they are 45–54 years old, the income of the internally migrated Muslims and Catholics drastically decline while that of Pentecostals and Protestants increases. Older Muslims and Catholics earn basically very low income unlike Protestants who earn very high salary. The income inequality among men is much higher than that among women. Generally, men have a more conflictual relationship with their neighbors than women and women diversify their relationship with the natives more than men.
Congenital Heart Disease and Surgical Outcome in Down Syndrome
Authors: Al-Suhaymi Zainab
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of congenital heart disease has accounted for nearly one-third of all significant congenital anomalies worldwide. The first report about an association between cardiac anomalies and Down Syndrome was in (1876). Ten years after discovering of Down Syndrome and the credit of association between congenital cardiac anomalies and mongolism was suggested in (1894) by Garrod. There many studies performed to identify a correlation between genotype and phenotype in Down Syndrome, little is known about cardiovascular phenotype in Down Syndrome. Congenital heart disease is considered one of the highest causes of mortality and morbidity in Down Syndrome compared to patients with the same lesion of non-down. There is a big debate about surgical management and considered them as risk factors of surgery with precaution and recent technology, Down Syndrome considered as a normal patient in prognosis. This chapter aimed to shed the light on congenital heart disease in Down Syndrome and current knowledge in specific mutations associated with them and how the effect of innovative technology and management to treat them end at the same outcome and sometimes better based on recent research and Scoring System.
Chemical Characteristics of Humic Substances in Nature
Authors: Fernando Mahler Claudio , Dal Santo Svierzoski Nicoly , Augusto Rolim Bernardino Cassiano
Published: May 2021

Humic substances are the main constituents of natural organic matter, found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Humic substances are a complex, dispersed, and heterogeneous mixture of various organic compounds synthesized from organic matter residues, decomposed by microorganisms. Most scientists indicate that humic substances are as a supramolecular association of small heterogeneous molecules stabilized by weak intermolecular bonds. When these substances are presented in water intended for drinking or industrial use, it can have a significant impact on the treatability of this water and on the success of chemical disinfection processes, due to possible formation of organic compounds harmful to human health. Moreover, the humic substances can be used of several ways such as fertilizer to help in the development of plants, to improve soil erosion and to removal of organic compounds and metals from soils and waters. In addition, humic substances suggest an important role in mitigating areas degraded by the phytoremediation technique. The purpose of chapter is to provide an overview of humic substances and to discuss their concepts, chemical characteristics, ecological effects and technological applications for soils and aquatic systems.
The Paradigm of Targeting an Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase: Lesson from BCR-ABL
Authors: Bracco Enrico , Shahzad Ali M. , Magnati Stefano , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

The aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, either due to constitutive tyrosine kinases (TKs) or to inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is a widespread feature of many cancerous cells. The BCR-ABL fusion protein, which arises from the Philadelphia chromosome, is a molecular distinct and peculiar trait of some kind of leukemia, namely Chronic Myeloid and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and displays constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. In the chapter, we will highlight the milestones that had led to the identification of the BCR-ABL fusion gene and its role as the only molecular pathogenic event sufficient to elicit and sustain chronic myeloid leukemia. We will also discuss the effort made to unveil the molecular mechanisms of action of the chimeric tyrosine kinase that eventually lead to aberrant cell proliferation and impaired cell-death. Furthermore, we will also review the lesson learned from the selective inhibition of BCR-ABL which currently represent a breakthrough in the treatment of several tumors characterized by defective tyrosine kinase activity.
Role of Green Spaces for Maintaining Well-Being in Residential Community Development
Authors: Rao Prashanti
Published: May 2021

The planned green spaces are the most significant social spaces for people to interact on a daily basis and also considered as one of the sustainability indicators for maintaining the well-being in residential Communities. The benefits of green space for wellbeing are extensively recognized and progressively more documented. Due to increasing urbanization and housing demand, Residential communities are growing in suburbs and few in the urban core. Due to which depletion in per capita green space is recorded. This book chapter intends to look into the challenges of the residential communities and how Green Spaces (Passive and Active) within the communities helping in bringing back the quality of life and well-being. Further, it discusses the benefits of green spaces at the community level, through case studies. Conceptually this entire study propels the belief that the residential communities usually comprise of the varied age user group and all of them have the right to led a better quality of life. It can be possible only when they are accessible to green space and avail maximum perceived benefits like safety and security concerns, healthy environment, and social cohesion. Housing environments should enable residents to have positive experiences through the allocation of diverse green environments, which lead to physically and mentally happy, healthy living. Such positive experiences affect their happiness level, thus leading to sustainable lives.
Extra-Cranial Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Fernandes Serôdio João , Trindade Miguel , Favas Catarina , Delgado Alves José
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in imaging studies and treatment approaches have greatly improved our knowledge about Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). Previously thought of as a predominantly cranial disease, we now know that GCA is a systemic disease that may involve other medium and large vessel territories. Several imaging studies have shown that between 30 and 70% of patients with GCA present with large-vessel vasculitis. Moreover, a significant proportion of patients present large-vessel disease in the absence of cranial involvement. Extra-cranial disease also poses management challenges as these patients may have a more refractory-relapsing disease course and need additional therapies. Aortic dilation and aneurysms are well-described late complications of GCA involving the large artery territories. In this chapter, we discuss the clinical picture of extra-cranial involvement in GCA, focusing on improved diagnostic protocols and suitable treatment strategies.