bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Capsaicin in Dermatologic and Peripheral Pain Disorders
Authors: Rumsfield Jean A. , West Dennis P.
Published: July 2017

Topical capsaicin has been introduced in the U.S. and Canada as a cream indicated for temporary relief of neuralgia following episodes of herpes zoster infections and in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Although capsaicin is clinically used as an external analgesic for temporary relief of neuralgia, it has also been widely used as a research tool to study peripheral pain. Capsaicin apparently works to release substance P from sensory nerve fibers and after repeated applications, depletes neurons of substance P. Clinical investigations of topical capsaicin include trials in chronic pain syndromes such as postherpetic neuralgia, postmastectomy neuroma, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, hemodialysis-associated itching, and vulvar vestibulitis. In addition, therapeutic benefits of capsaicin cream on apocrine chromhidrosis have been described. Further clinical studies are warranted in several of these conditions to establish the efficacy of topical capsaicin. Serious or unexpected adverse reactions from clinical use have not been reported to date. Considering the paucity of safe and effective treatments for the conditions mentioned above, capsaicin cream appears to warrant further clinical investigations to establish its efficacy in a variety of chronic pain syndromes.
Pravastatin Sodium, a New Hmg-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Authors: Raasch Ralph H.
Published: July 2017

The rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis is controlled by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Inhibitors of this enzyme lower serum cholesterol very efficiently by increasing cellular uptake of cholesterol-rich, low-density lipoproteins. Pravastatin, a derivative of mevastatin and in the same class as lovastatin, lowers total cholesterol concentrations by 20–30 percent in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In patients who also have hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglyceride levels are decreased. Detailed pharmacokinetic data and long-term adverse-effect experience with pravastatin are extremely limited. The issue of tissue-selectivity for pravastatin has given rise to the marketing terminology “second-generation” HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, but any clinical advantage of pravastatin over other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors remains to be demonstrated.
Ketoconazole in the Treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor: International Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Goodless Dean R. , Ramos-Caro Francisco A. , Flowers Franklin P.
Published: July 2017

Multiple open and double-blind studies have confirmed the efficacy of ketoconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor. Single-dose (400 mg) or short-course (200 mg/d for five days) therapy may be highly effective for selected patients with pityriasis versicolor. Toxicity seems to be minimal at this dosage.
Perceived Purpose of Prescription Drugs: The Iowa 65 + Rural Health Study
Authors: Semla Todd P. , Lemke Jon H. , Helling Dennis K. , Wallace Robert B. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2017

In order to assess elderly patients' knowledge of their medications, the Iowa 65 + Rural Health Study asked a rural, elderly population the purpose of their prescription drugs. Ten percent of all drug purposes reported were considered inappropriate by our criteria. There was some variability between therapeutic categories and their frequency of purpose misperception. For 40 percent of drugs whose purpose was inappropriate, the respondent reported another drug for which that purpose would have been appropriate. Respondents were as likely to state a medication's appropriate purpose whether it had been dispensed by a pharmacy or a physician. The highest percentage of drugs whose purpose was appropriately perceived was dispensed by mail-order pharmacies.
The Relationship between Outpatient Drug Costs and Disease Progression in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Population
Authors: Bjornson Darrel C. , Oster Charles N. , Hiner William O. , Tramont Edmund C. ,   The Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research
Published: July 2017

As the focus of the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection turns from the treatment of AIDS to the entire continuum of the disease, projection of long-term healthcare costs becomes increasingly important. Rather than a fulminant disease treated primarily inside the hospital, HIV infection will become a chronic condition requiring years of outpatient monitoring and pharmacologic intervention with attending increases in pharmacy costs. The objective of this study was to characterize outpatient drug costs by Walter Reed (WR) disease stage in order to estimate the association of disease progression and outpatient prescription drug costs. We hypothesized that there was an association between HIV disease progression, measured by the WR Staging Classification System, and outpatient prescription drug costs. Outpatient drug costs were summarized for 190 HIV-positive patients during a three-month period who presented at Walter Reed Army Medical Center for staging and follow-up. The overall median cost per day per patient for all stages was $3.21 (range $0.01–53.45) with wide variation between patients. Daily costs for patients in WR stage V were the greatest (median $9.26). There was a significant association between WR stage of disease and outpatient drug costs (Spearman rho = 0.51, t = 6.9, df = 188, p<0.001). The association was not completely linear because costs in WR stage VI were less than WR stages IV or V. Annual extrapolated outpatient drug costs for these 190 patients would be nearly $0.5 million.
Monitoring Serum Digoxin Concentrations during Digoxin Immune Fab Therapy
Authors: Ujhelyi Michael R. , Colucci Robert D. , Cummings Doyle M. , Green Paul J. , Robert Sylvie , Vlasses Peter H. , Zarowitz Barbara J.
Published: July 2017

Measurement of serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) is used routinely in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity. Following administration of the antidote, digoxin immune antigen binding fragments (Fab), SDC monitoring is hampered by assay-related problems because of the presence of Fab in the serum. Recent evidence has suggested several available methods to monitor free SDC during Fab therapy. This report describes the utility of monitoring free SDC following Fab administration. Free SDCs were obtained using an ultrafiltration and fluorescence polarization immunoassay system in three patients over periods of up to 204 hours after Fab administration. In each case, the decline in free SDC was temporally related to the resolution of digoxin toxicity; in one case, digoxin intoxication recurred and was associated with a rebound increase in free SDC. In addition to the therapeutic benefits, prospective monitoring of free SDC in two of the patients also may have resulted in cost savings secondary to reduced hospital stay or less use of Fab.
Activated Charcoal and Acetylcysteine Absorption: Issues in Interpreting Pharmacokinetic Data
Authors: Thompson Dennis F. , Raebel Marsha A. , Watson William A. , McKinney Patrick E.
Published: July 2017

Studies determining the effects of activated charcoal on drug absorption frequently use area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve or drug and metabolite recovery in the urine as endpoints. The considerations in using these endpoints is presented using studies that have evaluated the effects of activated charcoal on acetylcysteine absorption. Acetylcysteine's pharmacokinetics, quantitation of plasma concentrations, and the lack of an identifiable pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship all contribute to the difficulties in determining whether activated charcoal inhibits the oral absorption of acetylcysteine, or alters acetylcysteine's efficacy in treating acetaminophen overdoses. The results of these studies should be interpreted cautiously, with consideration of internal and external study validity.
Pegademase Bovine: Replacement Therapy for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Authors: Lee Connie R. , McKenzie Constance A. , Webster Kathy D. , Whaley Robert
Published: July 2017

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) represents a syndrome characterized by abnormal function of cellular and humoral immunity. Of the various types of SCID, approximately one-fourth are associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Treatment consists of bone marrow transplantation, red blood cell transfusions, enzyme replacement, and, more recently, gene therapy. Pegademase bovine is the sole agent available for enzyme replacement therapy of SCID associated with ADA deficiency. The drug is administered intramuscularly to infants from birth and to children of any age at time of diagnosis. At present, few adverse effects or drug interactions have been documented. Although it is expensive (approximately $60 000 annually), pegademase bovine offers an alternative to standard means of therapy.
Characteristics of Medication Errors in Pediatrics
Authors: Hartzema Abraham G. , Porta Miquel S. , Tilson Hugh H. , Jonville Annie-Pierre E. , Autret Elisabeth , Bavoux Françoise , Bertrand Philippe P. , Barbier Pascaline , Gauchez Anne-Sophie M.
Published: July 2017

A six-month prospective study was carried out by 16 poison control centers in France to assess the epidemiology of medication errors in pediatrics. In this study, 1108 medication errors were analyzed. Mean population age was 3.2 years (median 2 years, range 3 days-15 years), and 30 percent of the children were under 1 year of age. The most frequent error characteristics were family responsibility, 87 percent (a member of the patient's family most often committed the error in medication use); parental prescribing decision, 31.5 percent (medication administered to the child by the parents without medical consultation or the advice of a pharmacist); incorrect execution of the prescription by the parents, 30 percent (error in dispensing, route of administration, etc.); oral forms, 52 percent (errors occurred most frequently with oral as opposed to other forms); incorrect dosage, 31.5 percent; and drug error, 30 percent (the drug dispensed was not the one prescribed). Iatrogenic injury occurred in 186 patients (17 percent) and 161 were hospitalized (15 percent). The majority of these were for surveillance only. The clinical outcome caused by medication error was unfavorable in two cases. The types of drugs most frequently misused included morphinic cough suppressants (9.5 percent), salicylates (9.1 percent), and ear, nose, and throat drops (9 percent); 459 proprietary medicines were specified. Prevention of medication errors should involve certain main requirements: formulations and package instructions specific to pediatric patients to ensure appropriateness and accuracy, detailed information given to patients by physicians and pharmacists about their prescriptions, and more public information concerning the risks of remedies or medication administered to children by parents who do not seek medical advice.
The powers and pathologies of networks: Insights from the political cybernetics of Karl W. Deutsch and Norbert Wiener
Authors: Alker Hayward R.
Published: July 2017

This article reconstructs Karl Deutsch’s fearful yet hopeful views about the powers and pathologies of military, and other, national and international network systems. These views presuppose Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetic Interpretive Hypothesis: that ‘society can only be understood through a study of the messages and communication facilities which belong to it’; that the societal trend is towards more computerized communication systems; and that they embody an ‘open vs. closed’ living systems ethos. Drawing on science and technology studies by Edwards and Mirowski, the author suggests how Deutsch’s and Wiener’s prophetic hopes, fears, and insights can also enrich and redefine contemporary debates about the historical-technological development of our national societies, the powers and pathologies of game-theoretically programmed computer networks, the assessment of the life-preserving potential of our partly automated security systems, the major threats from the continued poverty of the less developed world, problems of decentralized governance, and the political, ethical, and religious justifications for our national, international, and civilizational identities and purposes.
Nonposturing Surgery for Persistent Macular Hole Using Heavy Silicone Oil (Oxane HD) Endotamponade
Authors: Rahman Rubina , Khan Kamron , Stephenson John , Amjad Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To investigate the usefulness of Oxane HD for nonposturing surgery on persistent (redo) macular holes by reporting visual and anatomical outcomes as well as complications in a consecutive case series.

Methods:

Eighteen consecutive patients with a persistent macular hole were recruited from 2008 to 2016. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity and optical coherence tomography data were recorded. Anatomical success was defined as complete circumferential neurosensory reattachment. Postoperative complications were actively looked for and noted.

Results:

Eighteen (100%) of the 18 persistent holes were closed on the first postoperative day. Visual acuity improved significantly in 15 (83.4%) of the 18 patients from baseline, mean change 0.62 log units (range, 0-1.72). Two (11.1%) of the 18 patients maintained their vision while 1 (5.5%) of the 18 patients lost more than 2 lines. No pre- or postoperative complications were noted.

Conclusion:

This is the largest prospective study on the use of heavier than water silicone oil to close persistent macular holes without the need for prone posturing. Oxane HD may be successfully used where conventional techniques have already failed and can be associated with functional recovery. Patients’ inability to posture need not preclude redo macular surgery.
Whole-Body Low-Dose Computed Tomography (WBLDCT) in Assessment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma – Pilot Study and Standard Imaging Protocol Suggestion
Authors: Chrzan Robert , Jurczyszyn Artur , Urbanik Andrzej
Published: July 2017

Background: For decades, the main imaging tool in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was plain radiography. However, computed tomography (CT) has been included in the updated criteria of MM. The main disadvantage of CT is a considerably high radiation dose. Therefore, low-dose CT protocols could be a solution. The aim of the study was to (1) preliminarily analyse the usefulness of Whole-Body Low-Dose CT (WBLDCT) in the evaluation of patients with MM and (2) to make adjustments in the standard CT imaging protocol.

Material/Methods: In 41 patients with MM, WBLDCT was performed. The following parameters were used: detector configuration – 80×0.5 mm, scanning range in a single spiral acquisition from the skull to the proximal femoral bones, tube voltage – 120 kVp, current tube time product – 86 mAs, slice thickness 1 mm. Two sets of axial images were reconstructed for bone and soft tissue assessment, respectively. Secondary coronal and sagittal reconstructions were generated. Typical MM features were analysed and qualitatively compared with radiography results.

Results: A potentially increased sensitivity of CT, as compared to radiography, in detecting lytic foci obscured by other structures or with a small degree of destruction was seen. A potentially increased specificity of CT was found in detecting cases of small foci suspicious of lytic lesions on skull radiographs, seen as arachnoid granulations fovea in CT. The following radiation parameters were recorded: max. CTDIvol – 7.4 mGy and DLP – 660–810 mGy×cm. WBLDCT was much shorter and more convenient to patients.

Conclusions: WBLDCT may become a valuable part of the assessment of MM features at a much lower radiation dose compared to standard CT protocols. It has a potential ability to increase diagnostic accuracy compared to radiography.
Deviation in Nano-Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Nano Composite Thin Films
Authors: Bhattacharyya A. S. , Kumar R. P.
Published: July 2017

Ceramic hard Coatings based on Si, C , N, Ti and B were developed using magnetron sputtering, applicable for protecting the underlying substrate. Different morphological patterns were observed on the coating surface due to sputtering. Nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness and modulus of the coatings. The deviations in H and E values were attributed to indentation positions, thin film stress and anisotropy. Evidence of strain hardening was found during loading.
Cocrystals: A Review of Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Material Science Applications
Authors: Javoor Manjunath , Mondal Pradip , Chopra Deepak
Published: July 2017

Over the last two decades, the design of multicomponent molecular crystals or cocrystals has grown out to be an interesting and promising area of research in pharmaceuticals and material science. Cocrystallization is at the interface of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry and allows us to vary the physicochemical properties of solids according to the need, through manipulation of various intermolecular interactions. In this short review, we focus on some recent reports on pharmaceutical cocrystals and emerging subclasses of cocrystals, namely: Charge transfer cocrystals, Energetic cocrystals, and Ternary cocrystals and discuss about their methods of characterization and applications of importance in the industry.
Le latin dans l’enseignement secondaire français. Formes et légitimités sociales d’une discipline scolaire entre monopole et déclin (XVIe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Tomamichel Serge
Published: July 2017

Up until the 1960s, before scientific courses attracted the best performing students, the Queen’s highway of secondary education was paved with Latin declensions. For centuries, from the very birth of «secondary» education until the disappearance of Latin in the sixth grade in 1968, Latin literature imposed its dominance. At the same time, however, it attracted criticism and opposition, the vast majority of students were facing great difficulties in the learning process, and Latin was the focal point for recurrent debate regarding the modernisation of education. Throughout this article, the «Latin question», subject of many controversies of the late 19th century, takes the form of the «Latin enigma» directed at History. This «enigma» is discussed from a perspective linking together the status of secondary education within general educational provision, its uses in society, the educational methods used and its function in the world of secondary education. The author particularly focuses on the constructed and ingrained forms and legitimacies characterizing the monopoly - until the 1860s – and then the hegemony of Latin literature not only on French literature but also on science, modern languages and more generally, on modern disciplines. Nevertheless, the teaching of the latter could have met the constantly renewed socio-political and economic requirements more appropriately.
British History is Their History: Britain and the British Empire in the History Curriculum of Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia 1930-1975
Authors: Jackson Stephen J
Published: July 2017

This article investigates the evolving conceptions of national identity in Canada and Australia through an analysis of officially sanctioned history textbooks in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. From the 1930s until the 1950s, Britain and the British Empire served a pivotal role in history textbooks and curricula in both territories. Textbooks generally held that British and imperial history were crucial to the Canadian and Australian national identity. Following the Second World War, textbooks in both Ontario and Victoria began to recognize Britain’s loss of power, and how this changed Australian and Canadian participation in the British Empire/Commonwealth. But rather than advocate for a complete withdrawal from engagement with Britain, authors emphasized the continuing importance of the example of the British Empire and Commonwealth to world affairs. In fact, participation in the Commonwealth was often described as of even more importance as the Dominions could take a more prominent place in imperial affairs. By the 1960s, however, textbook authors in Ontario and Victoria began to change their narratives, de-emphasizing the importance of the British Empire to the Canadian and Australian identity. Crucially, by the late 1960s the new narratives Ontarians and Victorians constructed claimed that the British Empire and national identity were no longer significantly linked. An investigation into these narratives of history will provide a unique window into officially acceptable views on imperialism before and during the era of decolonization.
Curriculum history and new agenda for research: A national and international landscape
Authors: Gonzalez Delgado Mariano , Woyshner Christine
Published: July 2017

In the Introduction to this special issue, the editors review the field of curriculum history to date and present new ways of investigating the past of the course of study. Relying on the notion that curriculum is comprised of the discursive practices in educational settings that transcend location and time, they discuss research on the social and political forces that shaped school subjects and how researchers rely on textbooks as primary sources. After an overview of each essay, the editors reveal that new directions in curriculum history are focusing on transnational influences and curriculum as enacted outside of schools in such places as voluntary organizations and prisons.
Establishing a Private Protected Area in Ecuador: Lessons learned in the management of Cerro Blanco Protected Forest in the city of Guayaquil
Authors: Horstman Eric
Published: July 2017

The Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (Cerro Blanco Protected Forest) is a 6,078 ha reserve that protects a significant remnant of dry tropical forest in Ecuador. Under Ecuadorian law one of the principal ways to protect private lands is to declare them as protected forests and vegetation. These areas for the most part do not receive funding from the government but their designation does provide some legal support when the inevitable conflicts in land use arise. Cerro Blanco, which was designated a protected forest in 1989 via government decree, is one of the earliest and also most consolidated of the protected forests. With support from the private sector, principally Holcim, which has a cement-producing plant in the forest buffer zone, Fundación Pro Bosque has set up a broad-based management program that includes control and vigilance, dry forest restoration, environmental education and interpretation, scientific investigation, and community development. This article provides a perspective of establishing protected areas in biodiverse areas facing many challenges, including rapid urban expansion, poorly regulated land use, and encroachment. The article includes some lessons learned that may be of use in attempting to establish protected areas in other places with similar challenges.
New HIF2α inhibitors: potential implications as therapeutics for advanced pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Toledo Rodrigo Almeida
Published: July 2017

Two recent independent studies published inNatureshow robust responses of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines, preclinical ccRCC xenograft models and, remarkably, a patient with progressive ccRCC despite receiving multiple lines of treatment, to the long-awaited, recently developed inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2α). This commentary published inEndocrine-Related Canceris based on the recognition of similar molecular drivers in ccRCC and the endocrine neoplasias pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), ultimately leading to stabilization of HIFs. HIF-stabilizing mutations have been detected in the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene, as well as in other genes, such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx), fumarate hydratase (FH) and transcription elongation factor B subunit 1 (TCEB1), as well as the gene that encodes HIF2α itself: EPAS1HIF2α. Importantly, the recent discovery ofEPAS1mutations in PPGLs and the results of comprehensivein vitroandin vivostudies revealing their oncogenic roles characterized a hitherto unknown direct mechanism of HIF2α activation in human cancer. The now available therapeutic opportunity to successfully inhibit HIF2α pharmacologically with PT2385 and PT2399 will certainly spearhead a series of investigations in several types of cancers, including patients withSDHB-related metastatic PPGL for whom limited therapeutic options are currently available. Future studies will determine the efficacy of these promising drugs against the hotspotEPAS1mutations affecting HIF2α amino acids 529–532 (in PPGLs) and amino acids 533–540 (in erythrocytosis type 4), as well as against HIF2α protein activated byVHL,SDHxandFHmutations in PPGL-derived chromatin cells.
miR-212-5p suppresses lipid accumulation by targeting FAS and SCD1
Authors: Guo Yajie , Yu Junjie , Wang Chunxia , Li Kai , Liu Bin , Du Ying , Xiao Fei , Chen Shanghai , Guo Feifan
Published: July 2017

MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, are implicated in controlling a variety of biological processes. We have shown that leucine deprivation suppresses lipogenesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in the liver previously; the aim of our current study is to investigate which kind of microRNA is involved in the regulation of FAS expression in response to leucine deprivation. Here, we indicated that microRNA-212-5p specifically binds to mouse FAS 3′UTR and inhibits its activity. Leucine deficiency significantly increased the mRNA levels of miR-212-5p in the livers of mice. Further studies proved that miR-212-5p also directly binds to the 3′UTR of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) to inhibit its activity. Overexpression of miR-212-5p decreases the protein levels of FAS and SCD1in vitroandin vivo, and silencing of miR-212-5p has the opposite effects in mouse primary hepatocytes. Moreover, overexpression of miR-212-5p significantly decreases triglyceride (TG) accumulation in primary hepatocytes and in the livers of mice injected with adenovirus-mediated overexpressing of miR-212-5p (Ad-miR-212). Interestingly, inhibition of miR-212-5p reverses the suppressive effects of leucine deficiency on FAS and SCD1 expression, as well as TG accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that leucine deficiency induces the expression of miR-212-5p in a GCN2/ATF4-dependent manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel function of hepatic miR-212-5p in the regulation of lipid metabolism which represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcohol fatty liver diseases (NAFLD).
Topology on the spectrum of the algebra of entire symmetric functions of bounded type on the complex $L_\infty$
Authors: Vasylyshyn T.V.
Published: July 2017

It is known that the so-called elementary symmetric polynomials $R_n(x) = \int_{[0,1]}(x(t))^n\,dt$ form an algebraic basis in the algebra of all symmetric continuous polynomials on the complex Banach space $L_\infty,$ which is dense in the Fr\'{e}chet algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ of all entire symmetric functions of bounded  type on $L_\infty.$ Consequently, every continuous homomorphism $\varphi: H_{bs}(L_\infty) \to \mathbb{C}$ is uniquely determined by the sequence $\{\varphi(R_n)\}_{n=1}^\infty.$ By the continuity of the homomorphism $\varphi,$ the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\varphi(R_n)|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded. On the other hand, for every sequence $\{\xi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty \subset \mathbb{C},$ such that the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\xi_n|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded,  there exists  $x_\xi \in L_\infty$ such that $R_n(x_\xi) = \xi_n$ for every $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Therefore, for the point-evaluation functional $\delta_{x_\xi}$ we have $\delta_{x_\xi}(R_n) = \xi_n$ for every $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Thus, every continuous complex-valued homomorphism of $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ is a point-evaluation functional at some point of $L_\infty.$ Note that such a point is not unique. We can consider an equivalence relation on $L_\infty,$ defined by $x\sim y \Leftrightarrow \delta_x = \delta_y.$ The spectrum (the set of all continuous complex-valued homomorphisms) $M_{bs}$ of the algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ is one-to-one with the quotient set $L_\infty/_\sim.$ Consequently, $M_{bs}$ can be endowed with the quotient topology. On the other hand, it is naturally to identify $M_{bs}$ with the set of all sequences $\{\xi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty \subset \mathbb{C}$ such that the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\xi_n|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded.We show that the quotient topology is Hausdorffand that $M_{bs}$ with the operation of coordinate-wise addition of sequences forms an abelian topological group.
An example of a non-Borel locally-connected finite-dimensional topological group
Authors: Banakh I.Ya. , Banakh T.O. , Vovk M.I.
Published: July 2017

According to a classical theorem of Gleason and Montgomery, every finite-dimensional locally path-connected topological group is a Lie group. In the paper for every $n\ge 2$ we construct a locally connected subgroup $G\subset{\mathbb R}^{n+1}$ of dimension $\dim(G)=n$, which is not locally compact. This answers a question posed by S. Maillot on MathOverflow and shows that the local path-connectedness in the result of Gleason and Montgomery can not be weakened to the local connectedness.
WELCOME FROM THE EDITORS
Authors: Spicer Donald Z. , Mayadas Frank , Bourne John R.
Published: July 2017

The editors-in-chief of this journal provide a welcome to our new journal, International Journal on Innovations in Online Education (IJIOE). The background of each editor is also provided.
Adatok Magyarország flórájához és vegetációjához II.
Authors: Aradi Eszter , Erdős László , Viktória Viktória , Tölgyesi Csaba , Bátori Zoltán
Published: July 2017

45 taxon előfordulási adatait közöljük, melyeket nagyrészt a 2013–2016 közötti florisztikai, vegetációtani és ökológiai kutatásaink során találtunk. Adataink a  Duna–Tisza köze, a Tiszántúl és a Dél-Dunántúl különböző élőhelyeiről származnak; a felsorolt fajok között  számos szerepel a magyarországi edényes flóra veszélyeztetett fajainak listáján (pl. Astragalus dasyanthus, Erodium ciconium és Lotus angustissimus). Munkánkban törekedtünk a ritka (pl. Apium repens, Epipactis bugacensis és Trifolium strictum), a váratlan helyen megjelenő (pl. Medicago arabica, Polypodium vulgare és Polystichum setiferum), valamint a növényföldrajzi szempontból érdekesebb (pl. Piptatherum virescens, Ranunculus psilostachys és Tamus communis) taxonok adatainak közlésére.
Emlékezés Felföldy Lajosra
Authors: Somlyay Lajos
Published: July 2017

A Lajos bácsi mellett töltött tíz növénytári esztendő (1993–2003), különösen az ezredforduló előtti évek, szakmai pályafutásom talán legszebb, legfelhőtlenebb szakaszát jelentette. Hozzájárult ehhez a „rendszerváltozás” időszakának reményekkel teli atmoszférája, a „most majd minden jobb lesz” szinte gyermeki (és meglehetősen naiv) lelkesedése. Az 1960-as évek óta Csipkerózsika-álmát alvó magyar flóra- és vegetációkutatás hatalmas fejlődésnek indult, köszönhetően annak a váratlan jelenségnek, amely a hazai szakintézmények elhivatott „fiataljai” (és kevésbé fiataljai), valamint az amatőr botanikusok nagymértékű és szinte egyidejű színre lépésében testesült meg. Rohamosan követték egymást a nagy jelentőségű, néha szenzációszámba menő florisztikai, vegetációtani és taxonómiai felfedezések, új flóra- és vegetációművek láttak napvilágot. Döbbenetes erővel ébredtünk rá, mennyi ismeretlent, mennyi kutatnivalót rejt hazánk növényvilága. A „fiatalok” között akkoriban még nemigen mutatkoztak a mások kárára történő egyéni érdekérvényesítés alattomos, vagy leplezetlen jelei, sokkal inkább az együttműködésen volt a hangsúly, és ezt a mozgalmat néhány „nagy öreg”, köztük Felföldy Lajos is melegen pártolta...
Felföldy Lajos (1920–2016)
Authors: Molnár V. Attila , Csányi Béla , Vidéki Róbert , Bauer Norbert , Dolánszky Ferenc , Papp Viktor Gábor , Nótári Krisztina , Buczkó Krisztina , Gulyás Pál , Virók Viktor
Published: July 2017

Felföldy Lajos (1920–2016) magyar botanika és hidrobiológia egyik legsokoldalúbb és legeredetibb egyénisége volt. Pályáját Soó Rezső irányításával kezdte, 1938 és 1946 között aktívan részt vett a debreceni és 1941–1942 között a kolozsvári Tudományegyetem Növénytani Tanszékén folyó geobotanikai kutatásokban. Számos tudományterületen maradandót alkotott. A légszennyezésnek az epifiton zuzmókra gyakorolt hatását vizsgáló kutatásai (1942) világviszonylatban is az elsők közé tartoznak. A Raunkiaer-féle növényi életforma-rendszeren belül elkülönítette a kétévesek (Hemitherophyta) életforma-típusát az egyévesekétől (1942). Úttörő szerepet játszott Magyarországon a vadon élő növényfajok citológiai (kariológiai) vizsgálatában (1947–1949). Foglalkozott növényélettannal (1951–1959), vizekben folyó primer produkcióval és algatenyésztéssel (1958–1960). 1972-ban életre hívta és 1990-ig szerkesztette a Vízügyi Hidrobiológia sorozatot. Megalapozta a magyarországi vízminőség-védelmet, amely a mai napig meghatározza a magyar hidrobiológusok szemléletét. 14 és 89 éves kora között legalább tízezer herbáriumi lapot gyűjtött. Nyugdíjba vonulása után a MTM Növénytár és az ELTE Füvészkert herbáriumi anyagának rendezésével, revíziójával foglalkozott, aktívan részt vett az Új Magyar Füvészkönyv elkészítésének munkálataiban. Munkáira egyszerre jellemző a természet iránti mély tisztelet, az elméleti megalapozottság és a gyakorlatiasság.
The Prevalence of Brucella Agglutinins in Karadach District Among Human, Goats and Sheep
Authors: Shareef Jalal , Abdi Abas , Maroof Ari , Saeed Aras
Published: July 2017

A preliminary investigation on the prevalence of Brucella agglutinins among farmers and animals was carried out during a 6 months period (Feb - July / 1995). 2131 blood samples were collected from man and animals, including goats, sheep and only 4 cattle. Sera were separated for both card and tube agglutination test. Out of 215 human serum samples 118(54.8%) and 85 (39.53%) were positie by card test and tube agglutination test respectively, 520 (27.13%) and 374 (19.51%) positive serum by above tests were shown respectively from a total of 1916 animal sera.

The economical and public health hazards of brucellosis are highlighted, the essential investigation and further studies for a control program and eradication of this disease are also discussed.
Interpretation of job units in the stories of Zakaria Tamer
Authors: Karim Thaher , Hassan Athinramzy
Published: July 2017

Alongside the appearance of contemporary expressive songs, the hot carriage chariot Raeda in Astelhamha for the characteristics of this movement and its embodiment, the contemporary Syrian quarterback chariot (Zakaria Tamer) who wears it Expression of the structure of the scientists and the lightness of the pain of the punishments of humanity collective and the punishments of the oriental man - Arabic in a special way - You have turned your attention to what the current party is doing with the short Syrian story to take new paths, expand and speed with the qualities of greater success and greater stability . . . .The construction guarantee in the case of Zakaria Thamer contains the expression of the functional units and the nature of the presence of the basic and indicative functions in the cold building for the expression event.
Evaluation of some cocoas cultivars under demi-cultivation conditions
Authors: Tofiq Sherwan , Aziz Omer , Rasul Abdulsalam
Published: July 2017

This research was conducted in successive winter seasons (1992-1995) on some varieties of imported and local cocoa, to evaluate their productive efficiency and field characteristics under the prevailing demi-cultivating conditions in Sulaymaniyah. The results of this research indicate that all the varieties included in the comparison were resistant to the prevailing climatic conditions of the region, and the results of the joint statistical analysis for the three seasons showed that the two cultivars were 576 ACC. N. 577 , ACC. N under sequences 2 and 3 occupy the first place in terms of yield and some of its components.
Study the effect of the size of abrasive sand grains of angular type in fluids on the scratch corrosion rate of the metal surface
Authors: Jalal Shawnm , Hassan Tailanasmaeel
Published: July 2017

This research deals with the effect of the size of abrasive sand grains of the angular and semi-angular type in fluids on the scratch corrosion rate of two metals "carbon steel and pure aluminum" using a rotating disc in a closed water basin and at two rotational speeds of medium "395 r.p.m" and high "915". r.p.m" for two and a half hours.Five different sizes of abrasive granules were taken, and they are respectively "250.5, 711,355, 970.5, and 191" microns. They were added to the liquid at a concentration of 20% for each size.  It is concluded from the research that the self-protection sound of the aluminum metal reduced the mechanical corrosion rate by half compared to carbon steel after half an hour of surface exposure to abrasive particles, although aluminum is a softer and softer metal with less hardness. The largest rate of corrosion is (0.006 gm), the difference in weight occurred when the aluminum surface was exposed to abrasive grains of size "711 μm" at a speed of "395 r.p.m" and that small particles of "91 μm --------355 It had a small effect and at a constant level. The abrasive granules of "711 μm" size had a very large effect, and then this effect began to decrease when using the "970.05 μm" size because of the heavy weight of these granules, which led to their sedimentation at the bottom of the basin and on the rotating disc instead. from its impact on the surface of the samples. On the other hand, the medium speed "395 r.p.m" is more effective on the corrosion rate than the high speed, because the increase in speed led to the abrasive particles flying away from the surface of the metal.
Influence of Nutrients and Water Stress on Germination of some Pea Cultivars Pisum Sativum
Authors: Ghafour Noori
Published: July 2017

An investigation was conducted to study the germination behaviour of different Peas cultivars under a combination of NP solution and a water-stress treatments. Results indicate that the nutrient combination treatments caused in the non-significant increase in the germination rate, radicle length and the radicle speed elongation, in addition to the abnormal seedling. Significant differences were found among cultivars in their water stress resistance as mean germination time, drought resistance index, and germination rate.
Stability Constants of the Complexes of N-Salicylidene-p-x-Aniline (Where x = H, CH3, OCH3, NO2) with Co(II)
Authors: Abdullah Bayazeed
Published: July 2017

Stability constants of the complexes formed by Co(1l) whith N-Salicylidene-p-x-aniline (Where x = H, CH, , OCH3, NO2) have been determined by two spectrophotometric methods, in 50% ( v / v) ethanol at 22 + 0.5° , pH = 9 , and 0.019 Al (KNO3) ionic strength. The values of the stability constants have also been discussed.
The Relation Between Lower Spinal Congenitalanomalies and Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Mirza Raoof
Published: July 2017

To find out the relation of lower spinal congenital anomalies (CA) to chronic low back pain (LBP "(back pain for more than 3 months': One hundred patients with chronic LBP in whom the cause had not been identified  were studied, found that 30 patients (30%) had some kind of CA in their lower spines, while in the other 70 (70%) there were no any identified CA. At the same time 66 normal people who had not suffered from back pain studied on the same standards, found that 19 (28.87%) of them had some kind of CA in their lower spines, while in the rest 47 (71.21%) there were not any evident CA. These figures give a conclusion that there is no definite relation between lower spinal CA and chronic LBP (p-value>0.8).
Removal of Ear Wax by Suction versus Syringing
Authors: Zmnako Sherko
Published: July 2017

A prospective comparative study carried out on fifty patients complaining from bilateral impacted ear wax, to compare the efficiency of suction with that of syringing during removal of wax. In each patient right ear was cleaned by suction and left ear by syringing. We concluded from the study that suction in comparison with syringing is more effective in cleaning the ear (80%). Less causing injection of the drumhead (4%). more preferable by the patient (92%).
Thyrotoxicosis in Erbil Governorate
Authors: Abdula Taher , Jokel Azad
Published: July 2017

A prospective study of 120 cases with goitre seen in surgical department in Rizgery Teaching Hospital in Erbil form the first Nov. 1997 to demonstrate the incidence oftlryrotoxicosis among goitrous patients. We also tried to show inciden of thyrotoxicosis in relation to Age, Sex, Residency, frequency of symptoms and signs(we had concentrated on the following symptoms: Neck swelling, Excessive sweating, Nervousness, Palpitation, Hot intolerance Weight lose; and the following signs: Moist hands, Tachycardia, Fine finger tremor, & Eye signs). Twenty Patients(16.6%) with goitres proved to be thyrotoxic, 10 patients of the thyrotoxies (50%) were in the third decade of life. Female to male ratio was(4:1). All of them had neck swelling, while excessiv sweating, nervousness and hot intolerance present in 90% of patients. Palpitation and weight loss were present in 83.3%.
Pain Control by Nerve Block in Herpes Zoster
Authors: Ahmed Hiwa , Bichkol Niaz
Published: July 2017

Herpes zoster is one of the common viral diseases in our locality, it is characterized by fever, skin eruptions and pain in the course of the affected nerve. The pain is moderate to severe, burning or stabbing in nature, persistent, radiating over the distribution of the affected nerve. Many drugs & therapeutic procedures have been advocated in the control of this exhausting pain, with equivocal results. In the present work we used simple, easy, cheap and tolerable procedure with a reasonable result in comparison with the current modalities of the treatment.
Carcinoma of the Esophagus in Sulaimany Province
Authors: Hawramy Tahir , Golpy Faiq
Published: July 2017

Eighty three 83 patients presented with carcinoma of the esophagus were studied in Sulaimany Teaching Hospital from 1990-1999.

The incidence of carcinoma of esophagus among population of Sulaimany province was 6.6Yo of all the malignant tumors, females were more affected than males. Most sufferers were patients from low socioeconomic state and of rural areas of long winter seasons.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori among Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Saeed Ali , Pedawi Safar
Published: July 2017

A total of 150 biopsies were collected from, dyspeptic patients  dyspeptic patients with and without ulcers from endoscopic unit of Azadi hospital, Dohuk. This study found a hiqh percentage (64%r) of Helicobacter pylori in the antrum of dyspeptic patients without endoscopic ulcers, while much lower, percentage was found in dyspeptic patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers which was (33%) and (20%) respectively. This low level of percentage was attributed to the inhibitory effect of antibiotics (Metronidazole,'Amoxicillin, Tetracyline) which received by (70%) of patients prior endoscopic examination. Tie study detected a high association 

(75%) between Helicobacter pylori and patients with chronic active duodenol ulcer Rapid urase test was more reliable tian direct smear for detection of H. pylori, which- can be employed as ascreening test. Helicobacter pylori can be grown anaerobically for at least five days incubation at 37 Co by using selective antibiotics to prevent contamination and without providing gas mixture 85% N2, 10% Co2 and 5% O2 which was used in all previous studies.
Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield Component of Wheat – Plants CV. Bakrajo
Authors: Sakri Faisal , Ghafor Noori , Aziz Hoshiar
Published: July 2017

An investigation was conducted to study the effects of IAA, GA and cytokinine on the growth, yield components and % of protein content of wheat plants Triticum

durum cv. Bakrajo Results indicate that the growth regulators caused in significant increase in plant height, number of tillers/ plant, number of kernals/spike and 1000

grain weight. Significant differences were found among the concentration of growth regulators through height, number of leaves/ plant, number of spike / plant, the lenght of spike and number of kernels / spike. also the time of application has significant affected on the length of spike and protein content percentage.

As well as the interaction betwwen growth regulators, concentration and time of application showed significant differences.
Theoretical Calculations of the Temperature and Impurity Dependence of the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of the ZnSnAs2 Semiconductor Compound
Authors: Saeed Salah
Published: July 2017

The Callaway models are used to calculate lattice thermal conductivity for ZnSnAs2 Semiconductor in the temperature range (2-300) K The dependence of lattice thermal conductivity on temperature and impurity concentration as well as the strength of scattering are discussed, The maximum thermal conductivity for elven samples investigated are appears at the temperature 21K. is 3.54 W/cm.K,This reduces to 0.093 W/cm.K for impurity concentrations from 0.21x102° cm-3 to 10023 cm-3. The scattering strength is also investigated and found to be equal to -0.7203.
Lacunary Interpolation by Spline function (0,3) Case
Authors: S. Rostam , J. Karwan
Published: July 2017

The object of this paper is to obtain the existence, uniqueness and error bounds of quintic deficient splines interpolating the data (0,3).
Impurity effects on the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in the Ternary GuG2P3 Semiconductor
Authors: Omer Mustafa
Published: July 2017

The callaway model is used to calculate lattice thermal conductivity for the doped CuGe2Pr

semiconductor between 1 and 300K. Generally, the effects of doping with S, Se, Zn, are increase this

phenomena exoept for that af Ln-Zt:t doped which is reduces thermal conductivity from that of the

undoped samples. The lughest values of r( is found for the 7-n-doped sample to be 0.57Wcm.K while the

lowest is found far I*Zn doped to be 0.15 Wcm.K. The effects of the impurity concentrations N at K**

is changes according to N0'622 and the r(,* for all concentrations does not affected by the temperature.

Results are analysed according to; first, the Rayleih scattering process with the longe wave length

effect as well as the resonance scattering process and, second is the dependence on the chemical

formation of the compound.