bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of Islamic Banking (IBs) Contribution to Indonesia’s Inclusive Growth
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Yusuf , Indra Indra
Published: March 2021

The research is aim to attest and assess empirically the contribution of Islamic banking (IBs) on the inclusive growth in Indonesia. By taking a trial-stage method i.e. descriptive analysis to elaborate a statistical data, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to assess empirically the contribution in a long-term, and error correction model (ECM) to assess the contribution in a short-term empirically. The findings are, total deposits and total financing only contribute positively significant into GDP and gini ratio in a long-term, that similiar with the previous study. Then, a total financing contribute negatively to all indicators of inclusive growth in a long-term, but, its only significance on GDP and gini ratio. Means, it was contribute significantly to all indicators in a short-term.
Fragilidad de las instituciones de cuidado a la vejez ante el Covid-19: Lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones para la reforma de los servicios
Authors: Ortega Iñaki , Sancho Mayte , Stampini Marco
Published: March 2021

La cohorte de edad que más ha padecido el covid-19 en términos de mortalidad ha sido la de los adultos mayores. Además, una gran mayoría de los fallecidos de esa edad, a lo largo y ancho del mundo, vivían en residencias de mayores. El impacto de la pandemia también ha puesto de manifiesto un preocupante edadismo en la gestión de la alarma sanitaria y una fragilidad de los sistemas de cuidados para los adultos mayores. El análisis de los datos disponibles, sin embargo, no permite vincular la tasa de envejecimiento, el gasto sanitario o la tasa de cobertura de residencias con el número de fallecimientos. Mediante un proceso cualitativo desarrollado en 2020 y un análisis de fuentes disponible para Europa, con especial foco en España, se han identificado los principales elementos a mejorar en la gestión de este tipo de crisis sanitarias en los adultos mayores, así como una serie de buenas prácticas, en las siguientes cuatro áreas: adaptaciones de los servicios residenciales, potenciación de los recursos humanos, iniciativas (y tecnologías) de apoyo al bienestar emocional y finalmente actuaciones en el ámbito comunitario y cooperativo. A su vez se han sistematizado recomendaciones para avanzar hacia un sistema de cuidados centrado en la persona para los adultos mayores en el contexto de la economía plateada.
Effect of Clodronate Administration on the Structure of the Primary Spongiosa derived from the Growth Cartilage in Growing Rats
Authors: Gil-Peña Helena , Fernández-Iglesias Ángela , Fuente Rocío , Alonso-Duran Laura , Santos Fernando , López José M
Published: March 2021

The effect of the inhibition of the resorptive activity of osteoclastic cells induced by bisphosphonate treatment on the primary spongiosa derived from the calcified cartilage of the growth plate was studied. We focused our attention on the primary spongiosa because it is the initial trabecular bone network that is first formed directly from growth plate mineralized cartilaginous septa. The study was carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 35 days, coinciding with the prepubertal growth spurt, a stage characterized by the highest values for growth rate. Animals were classified in two groups, controls and rats treated with clodronate 60 mg/kg/day. Body weights and tibial length were measured. The rate of longitudinal bone growth was obtained by calceine labelling and the height of the growth plate cartilage was measured. Histochemical analysis included Alcian blue staining, detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatise (TRAP) activity, von Kossa staining for mineralization and immunolocalization of proliferating cells. Microscopic examination revealed numerous tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells at the chondroosseous junction and associated with subchondral trabeculae in control rat and that clodronate treatment induced a marked reduction of these cells. Clodronate-treated rats presented thinner subchondral trabeculae that were more irregularly oriented and decreased cell proliferation in the primary spongiosa. Results obtained showed that changes induced by clodronate treatment has little effect on the activity of the growth plate cartilage, without a significant effect on longitudinal bone growth even at doses much higher than those used in clinical practice.
Two-stage Lateral Maxillary Sinus Lift using Autogenous Bone and β-Tricalcium Phosphate: Clinical and Histomorphometric Evaluation
Authors: Mounajjed Radek
Published: March 2021

Background: To assess the clinical and histomorphometric data of the new bone tissue from a mixture of autologous bone and β-tricalcium phosphate. Materials and methods: A total of 72 two-stage sinus lift were performed in 54 patients during 2007 to 2010. The autologous bone was harvested from the mandibular ramus and mixed with the β-tricalcium phosphate Poresorb® TCP sized 1-2 mm. The materials were used in a proportion ranged between 1:1 and 1:3. After the healing period a total of 119 implants were placed and 10 samples of the regenerated bone were collected for the histomorphometric analysis. CBCT or panoramic X-rays were performed presurgically, before the implant placement, six months after implant placement and then yearly to evaluate the bone formation and marginal bone loss. The implant success rate was determined using the Albrektsson et al. Criteria. Results: The mean of the residual bone was 4.07 mm ± 1.87 mm. The bone gain in the sinus was 11.91 mm ± 2.80 mm. The implant success rate was 94.95%. The histomorphometric measurements on the biopsies showed a bone area mean of 39.7 ± 9.71%. The residual allograft area was 16.21 ± 8.78%. The connective tissue was 44.16 ± 5.85%. Conclusion: Within the limit of this study, the osteoconductive β-tricalcium phosphate associated with autologous bone is a viable grafting material for sinus lift procedures. The use of composite grafts can help to reduce the morbidity and aggressivity of the bone harvesting. Keywords: Sinus lift; Bone regeneration; Dental implants; β-tricalcium phosphate; Bone graft; Bone atrophy
Stabilność systemu finansowego i bezpieczeństwo polskiego systemu gwarantowania depozytów
Authors: Kropacz Izabela
Published: March 2021

W artykule poruszono problematykę bezpieczeństwa polskiego systemu gwarantowania depozytów. Zaprezentowano działalność depozytową sektora bankowego oraz związane z prowadzeniem tej działalności ryzyko. Przedstawiono strukturę depozytową polskiego sektora bankowego oraz wskaźnik oszczędności do PKB w wybranych krajach europejskich. Wskazano zadania i zakres działalności Bankowego Funduszu Gwarancyjnego, a także zaprezentowano polski system ochrony depozytów w świetle europejskich standardów. Dokonano oceny bezpieczeństwa środków powierzanych instytucjom rynku finansowego w Polsce oraz wskazano instytucje zabezpieczające deponowane środki. Wykazano, iż sprawnie działający rynek finansowy może być podstawą rozwoju i wzrostu gospodarczego, zaś efektywne funkcjonowanie organów nadzoru pozwala na zmniejszenie zagrożenia wynikającego z wykonywanej przez banki działalności. Prezentacji i porównania zgromadzonych danych dokonano za pomocą wykresów.
Uses Of Communicative And Collaborative Activities In E-Learning: Moodle Platform As A Model/ استخدامات الأنشطة التواصلية والتعاونية في التعليم الالكتروني: منصة Moodle نموذجا
Authors: Bendridi Abdelghani
Published: March 2021

This study aims to defining the uses of communicative and collaborative activities in learning process via Moodle platform, through a descriptive research. This platform is a kind of the learning management systems (LMS), it is specially designed to manage interactive electronic lessons, with the aim of supporting the learning process, whether hybrid learning (in Classroom and via platform) or completely virtual learning. In this research, we will focus on the most important uses and features it provides, as well as the contribution of the educational activities to creating new tools of communication between students and teachers and how to make learning process more interactive than classroom courses, so we describe and analyze in this study the most useful educational activities in Moodle platform (forum, chat, wiki, glossary, survey and database) and the different uses through the examples that we created.The most important results of this study are: The E-learning platforms Moodle provided an environment for active learning through communicative and collaborative activities that simulate the Learning process in the classroom. Indeed, these activities made it easier for teachers to follow the learners better than what is available in the classroom, and enabled their learning to be assessed better. Therefore, the challenge is how to design educational activities for achieving the objectives of the lessons in E-learning platforms.
Characterization of Carbon Derived from Water Hyacinth as a Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Rani , Maulina Wenny , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: March 2021

An alternative renewable energy sources, such as biomass, can be produced using the combustion process inside the furnace. In this work, carbon derived from water hyacinth be produced through carbonization process. The carbonization of water hyacinth was carried out at different temperature i.e. 400°C, 500°C and 600°C and subsequently analyzed with the SEM-EDX to determine the microstructure and atomic percentage of present elements. While the FTIR analysis was conducted to qualitatively verify the surface functional groups of carbon. The results of SEM-EDX analysis showed that the pores began to form at a carbonization temperature of 600°C and carbon content increased with increased temperature of carbonization process. FTIR analysis results showed that the functional groups in the carbon derived from water hyacinth had an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C-O, and C=C bonds.
Built in Potential of a-Si:H Based p-i-n Solar Cell at Different Energy Gap of Intrinsic Layer
Authors: Yuniarsih Rahayu Setyo , Purwandari Endhah , Misto Misto , Supriyanto Edi , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: March 2021

The photovoltaic process inside a solar cell can be described using the distribution of electrostatic potential in the material. In this paper, the magnitude of the electrostatic potential of the solar cell for the p-i-n junction type is analyzed as the built in potential due to the diffusion activity of electrons and holes. The magnitude of the electrostatic potential is obtained by solving the Poisson and Continuity equations, which are applied to a-Si: H based materials. The difference in built in potential at the p-i and i-n junctions is obtained as a function of the energy gap of the intrinsic layer.
Study of Phenomenon STT (Spin Transfer Torque) on Permalloy NiFe Material Shaped Nanowire Using Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Ni’mah Khiptiatun , Rohman Lutfi , Purwandari Endhah
Published: March 2021

STT is a process of controlling the spin currents in spintronic. This simulation aims to know the properties of NiFe permalloy materials' properties by studying STT phenomenon-shaped nanowire that can be applied in storage devices, like MRAM. The material's magnetic properties include magnetization value, energy in the ferromagnetic system, and the speed of the domain wall movement, obtained by injecting the electric current density through a micromagnetic simulation using the NMAG program. This simulation's result is that the domain wall's position will shift faster along the nanowire when we inject current density to the nanowire. Current density injection will produce a domain wall pressure on the domain structure, resulting in a change in the material's magnetization value. The graph of magnetization relation to time (M-t), shown along with the increasing electric current density, we obtain oscillation magnetization change will increase. The larger the given diameter, the total energy generated will increase, demagnetization energy tends to be greater than the energy exchange. The greater the polarization of the material provided at the same diameter, the speed of the domain wall movement will be greater too.
Study of Vortex Generator Effect on Airfoil Aerodynamics Using the Computational Fluids Dynamics Method
Authors: Ayudia Siti Aisyah , Arkundato Artoto , Rohman Lutfi
Published: March 2021

The lift force is one of the important factors in supporting the aircraft flying capabilities. The airplane has a section called the aircraft wing. In particular, the wing section of aircraft is called the airfoil. One of the efforts to increase the lift force is to make the flow of air fluid at the top of the airfoil more turbulent. Turbulent flow can attract momentum from the boundary layer, the result of this momentum transfer has energy that is more resistant to the adverse pressure gradient which can trigger the flow separation. Efforts that can be made to reduce separation flow and increase lift force are the addition of a turbulent generator on the upper surface of the airfoil, one type of turbulent generator is a vortex generator, a vortex generator can accelerate the transition from the laminar boundary layer to the turbulent boundary layer. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the vortex generator on the aerodynamics of NACA-4412 using the computational fluid dynamics method. The main thing that will be investigated is the effect of the straight type vortex generator application on the lift coefficient, by comparing the plain airfoil and airfoil that has been applied to the vortex generator to vary the angle of attack. The variation of the angles of attack are 0º, 5º, 10º, 15º and the placement of the vortex generator is 24% of the leading edge. The results obtained that the lift coefficient changes with increasing angle of attack and the application of a vortex generator to an airfoil can increase the lift coefficient than a plain airfoil. The optimum increase in lift coefficient is at the angle of attack of 5º as much as 13%.
Numerical Modeling Of Pressure Source Of Sinabung Volcano Based On GPS Data In 2011-2012 Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PS0)
Authors: Kumalasari Ratih , Srigutomo Wahyu , Meilano Irwan , Gunawan Hendra
Published: March 2021

Mogi Model with particle swarm optimization (PSO) scheme have been applied to the local GPS data of Sinabung Volcano during 2011 to 2012 to receive subsurface parameters as pressure sources in terms of misfit and inversion model parameter. The size of displacement was inverted by PSO. From the inversion concluded that the position pressure source showing shallow magma pockets at a depth between ±1.3 km volume change around +0.95x106 m3 . It indicates the presence of a huge magma supply and continuous into shallow magma chamber up to the surface of Sinabung Volcano.
Design and Implementation of Boost Voltage Doubler for Maximum Power Point Tracker Application Using STM32F1038CT
Authors: Triefena Laras , Pratomo Leonardus H. , Riyadi Slamet , Setiawan F. Budi
Published: March 2021

Photovoltaic is an absolute device in the solar power plant system. A DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm is required to obtain the maximum power of photovoltaic. In general, solar power plant applications used a two-stage converter: the first stage is boosting DC-DC converter, and the second stage is the multilevel Inverter. Boost DC-DC converter is usually implemented singly, which causes many boost DC-DC converters to be implemented in a solar power plant application. The voltage doubler type boost DC-DC converter proposed in this paper is to simplify the circuit so that there is only one converter in a solar power plant application. This converter principle combines two conventional boost converters, which are integrated into one so that the power circuit and control circuit form become simpler. This proposal is verified through computation simulation and hardware design using the STM32F1038CT microcontroller for the final verification. The efficiency algorithm of the simulation is  99.7%, and the hardware experimental is 85.65%
Exemplary Ethical Communities. A New Concept for a Liveable Anthropocene
Authors: Conversi Daniele
Published: March 2021

This article argues that we need to look at living examples provided by non-state communities in various regions of the world that are, perhaps unwittingly, contributing to the maintenance of the Earth's optimal thermal balance. These fully sustainable communities have been living outside the mainstream for centuries, even millennia, providing examples in the global struggle against the degradation of social–ecological systems. They have all, to varying degrees, embraced simple forms of living that make them ‘exemplary ethical communities’ (EECs) – human communities with a track record of sustainability related to forms of traditional knowledge and the capacity to survive outside the capitalist market and nation-state system. The article proceeds in three steps: First, it condenses a large body of research on the limits of the existing nation-state system and its accompanying ideology, nationalism, identifying this institutional–ideological complex as the major obstacle to tackling climate change. Second, alternative social formations that could offer viable micro-level and micro-scale alternatives are suggested. These are unlikely to identify with existing nation-states as they often form distinct types of social communities. Taking examples from hunter-gatherer societies and simple-living religious groups, it is shown how the protection and maintenance of these EECs could become the keystone in the struggle for survival of humankind and other forms of life. Finally, further investigation is called for, into how researchers can come forward with more examples of actually existing communities that might provide pathways to sustainability and resistance to the looming global environmental catastrophe.
Factors for a Timely Identification of Possible Occurrence of Delirium in Palliative Care: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Corli Oscar , Santucci Claudia , Uggeri Sara , Bosetti Cristina , Cattaneo Matteo , Ermolli Daniela , Varrassi Giustino , Myrcik Dariusz , Gerosa Cristiana , Ornaghi Martina , Roccasalva Alessandra , Santambrogio Paola , Beretta Matteo
Published: March 2021

Delirium occurs in 50-80% of end-of-life patients but it is often misdiagnosed. Identification of clinical factors potentially associated with delirium onset can lead to a correct early diagnosis. To this aim, we conducted an observational prospective study on patients from an Italian Palliative Care Unit (PCU) in 2018-2019 and evaluated the presence of clinical factors at patients’ admission. We then compared their presence in patients who developed delirium and in those who did not during follow-up. On 503 enrolled patients, 95 (18.9%) developed delirium. In univariate analyses, factors significantly more frequent in patients with delirium were advanced age, care in hospice, very compromised performance status, hypoxia, high number of simultaneous clinical factors, presence of breathlessness, poor well-being, severe drowsiness, and background therapy with haloperidol and drugs acting on CNS. In multivariate analyses, setting of care (odds ratio, OR, 1.68 for hospice versus home care, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.02-2.75; p=0.040), and administration of psychiatric drugs (OR 1.74 for administration versus no administration, 95% CI 1.08-2.81; p=0.023) were significantly associated with the risk of developing delirium, while the associations with age (OR 1.82 for > 80 years versus ≤ 70 years, 95% CI=0.98-3.36; p=0.046) and presence of breathlessness (OR 1.70, 95%, CI 0.99-2.89, p=0.053) were of borderline significance. The study indicates that some clinical factors are associated with the probability of delirium onset. Their evaluation in PC patients could help the healthcare professionals to timely identify the development of delirium in those patients.
Physical Laws shape up HOX Gene Collinearity
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyros
Published: March 2021

Hox gene collinearity (HGC) is a multiscalar property of many animal phyla particularly important in embryogenesis. It relates entities and events occurring in Hox clusters inside the chromosome DNA and in embryonic tissues. These two entities differ in linear size by more than four orders of magnitude. HGC is observed as spatial collinearity (SC) where the Hox genes are located in the order (Hox1, Hox2, Hox3 …) along the 3’ to 5’ direction of DNA in the genome and a corresponding sequence of ontogenetic units (E1, E2, E3, …) located along the Anterior – Posterior axis of the embyo. Expression of Hox1 occurs in E1. Hox2 in E2, Hox3 in E3… Besides SC, a temporal collinearity (TC) has been also observed in many vertebrates. According to TC first is Hox1 expressed in E1, later is Hox2 expressed in E2, followed by Hox3 in E3,… Lately doubt has been raised whether TC really exists. A biophysical model (BM) was formulated and tested during the last twenty years. According to BM, physical forces are created which pull the Hox genes one after the other driving them to a transcription factory domain where they are transcribed. The existing experiments support this BM description. Symmetry is a physical-mathematical property of Matter that was explored in depth by Noether who formulated a ground-breaking theory that applies to all sizes of Matter. This theory applied to Biology can explain the origin of HGC as applied not only to animals developing along the A/P axis but also to animals with circular symmetry.
Neutrino Anomalies and Chiral Flipping in Anisotropic Einstein-Cartan Cosmology
Authors: Garcia de Andrade Luiz C.
Published: March 2021

Recently Palle has investigated the chiral vorticity and Cartan torsion in neutrino asymmetries. In his case he addressed this problem in Goedel s like anisotropic Einstein-Catan cosmology. In this paper we discusse how these ideas applied to sheared Bianchi types I Einstein-Cartan (EC) neutrino amisotropic cosmology, affect the handness of neutrinos in the universe. Actually here a novel concept of the chiral metric is introduced where metric functions also possess two distinct signs as in neutrino flipping or helicity. The axial anomaly equation for neutrinos in the presence of torsion and metric chirality is shown to produce left-handed neutrinos from right-handed torsion. Metric chirality is shown to be able to define how the metric would behave far away of neutrino density. Chiral flipping of the chiral neutrinos in the presence of torsion is also investigated. It is shown that when the chiral torsion is left-handed the chemical chiral potential vanishes as the universe expands.
Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing in a Dormitory-Style Correctional Facility in Arkansas
Authors: Tompkins Lindsay K. , Gunn Jayleen K. L. , Cherney Blake , Ham Jason E. , Horth Roberta , Rossetti Rebecca , Bower William A. , Benson Kelsey , Hagan Liesl M. , Crist Matthew B. , Mettee Zarecki Shauna L. , Dixon Meredith G. , Dillaha Jennifer A. , Patil Naveen , Dusseau Charles , Ross Tara , Matthews H. Stewart , Garner Kelley , Starks Angela M. , Weiner Zachary , Bowen Michael D. , Bankamp Bettina , Newton Anna E. , Logan Naeemah , Schuh Amy J. , Trimble Sean , Pfeiffer Heidi , James Allison E. , Tian Niu , Jacobs Jesica R. , Ruiz Francisco , McDonald Kellen , Thompson Marlowe , Cooley Laura , Honein Margaret A. , Rose Dale A. ,   the CDC COVID-19 Surge Diagnostic Testing Laboratory
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a correctional facility and recommend mitigation strategies.

Methods. From April 29 to May 15, 2020, we established the point prevalence of COVID-19 among incarcerated persons and staff within a correctional facility in Arkansas. Participants provided respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing and completed questionnaires on symptoms and factors associated with transmission.

Results. Of 1647 incarcerated persons and 128 staff tested, 30.5% of incarcerated persons (range by housing unit = 0.0%–58.2%) and 2.3% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among those who tested positive and responded to symptom questions (431 incarcerated persons, 3 staff), 81.2% and 33.3% were asymptomatic, respectively. Most incarcerated persons (58.0%) reported wearing cloth face coverings 8 hours or less per day, and 63.3% reported close contact with someone other than their bunkmate.

Conclusions. If testing remained limited to symptomatic individuals, fewer cases would have been detected or detection would have been delayed, allowing transmission to continue. Rapid implementation of mass testing and strict enforcement of infection prevention and control measures may be needed to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 in this setting.
Enhanced Telehealth Case Management Plus Emergency Financial Assistance for Homeless-Experienced People Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brody Jennifer K. , Rajabiun Serena , Strupp Allen H. Joslyn , Baggett Travis
Published: March 2021

Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, in Boston, Massachusetts, implemented an intensive telehealth case management intervention combined with emergency financial assistance for 270 homeless-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) to reduce COVID-19 transmission and promote HIV care retention during Boston’s first pandemic peak (March 16–May 31, 2020). Our telehealth model successfully maintained prepandemic case management and primary care contact levels, highlighting the importance of such programs in supporting the care engagement of homeless-experienced PLWH and addressing the dual COVID-19 and HIV epidemics.
Public Policy Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Supply in the United States
Authors: Riley William , Love Kailey , McCullough Jeffrey
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an acute blood shortage for medical transfusions, exacerbating an already tenuous blood supply system in the United States, contributing to the public health crisis, and raising deeper questions regarding emergency preparedness planning for ensuring blood availability. However, these issues around blood availability during the pandemic are related primarily to the decline in supply caused by reduced donations during the pandemic rather than increased demand for transfusion of patients with COVID-19.

The challenges to ensure a safe blood supply during the pandemic will continue until a vaccine is developed, effective treatments are available, or the virus goes away. If this virus or a similar virus were capable of transmission through blood, it would have a catastrophic impact on the health care system, causing a future public health emergency that would jeopardize the national blood supply.

In this article, we identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply adequacy, discuss the public health implications, propose recovery strategies, and present recommendations for preparing for the next disruption in blood supply driven by a public health emergency.
Use of Cannabis for Harm Reduction Among People at High Risk for Overdose in Vancouver, Canada (2016–2018)
Authors: Mok Janice , Milloy M.-J. , Grant Cameron , Lake Stephanie , DeBeck Kora , Hayashi Kanna , Socías M. Eugenia
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To characterize the prevalence and reasons for the use of cannabis as a strategy to reduce the harms arising from other substances.

Methods. We drew data about recent cannabis use and intentions from 3 prospective cohort studies of marginalized people who use drugs based in Vancouver, Canada, from June 2016 to May 2018. The primary outcome was “use of cannabis for harm reduction,” defined as using cannabis for substitution for licit or illicit substances such as heroin or other opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, or alcohol; treating withdrawal; or coming down off other drugs.

Results. Approximately 1 in 4 participants reported using cannabis for harm reduction at least once during the study period. The most frequent reasons included substituting for stimulants (50%) and substituting for illicit opioids (31%).

Conclusions. The use of cannabis for harm reduction is a common strategy among people who use drugs in our setting. Further research into the factors associated with this strategy is needed. Better characterization of the risks and benefits of substitution strategies, including for opioids and stimulants, may prompt new treatment options for PWUD.
Shelter Characteristics, Infection Prevention Practices, and Universal Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at Homeless Shelters in 7 US Urban Areas
Authors: Self Julie L. , Montgomery Martha P. , Toews Karrie-Ann , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Imbert Elizabeth , McMichael Temet M. , Marx Grace E. , Lohff Cortland , Andrews Tom , Ghinai Isaac , Mosites Emily ,   the COVID-19 Homelessness Response Team
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To examine shelter characteristics and infection prevention practices in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection point prevalence during universal testing at homeless shelters in the United States.

Methods. SARS-CoV-2 testing was offered to clients and staff at homeless shelters, irrespective of symptoms. Site assessments were conducted from March 30 to June 1, 2020, to collect information on shelter characteristics and infection prevention practices. We assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and shelter characteristics, including 20 infection prevention practices by using crude risk ratios (RRs) and exact unconditional 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results. Site assessments and SARS-CoV-2 testing results were reported for 63 homeless shelters in 7 US urban areas. Median infection prevalence was 2.9% (range = 0%–71.4%). Shelters implementing head-to-toe sleeping and excluding symptomatic staff from working were less likely to have high infection prevalence (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.8; and RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.6; respectively); shelters with medical services available were less likely to have very high infection prevalence (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2, 1.0).

Conclusions. Sleeping arrangements and staffing policies are modifiable factors that might be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters. Shelters should follow recommended practices to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Sinophobic Stigma Going Viral: Addressing the Social Impact of COVID-19 in a Globalized World
Authors: Viladrich Anahí
Published: March 2021

This article critically examines the recent literature on stigma that addresses the overspread association among the COVID-19 pandemic and racial and ethnic groups (i.e., mainland Chinese and East Asian populations) assumed to be the source of the virus.

The analysis begins by reviewing the way in which infectious diseases have historically been associated with developing countries and their citizens, which, in turn, are supposed to become prime vectors of contagion. The latter extends to the current labeling of COVID-19 as the “Chinese virus,” that—along with a number of other terms—has fueled race-based stigma against Asian groups in the United States and overseas. This review further discusses the limitations of current COVID-19 antistigma initiatives that mostly focus on individual-based education campaigns as opposed to multisectorial programs informed by human rights and intersectional perspectives.

Finally, the article ends with a call to the international public health community toward addressing the most recent outbreak of stigma, one that has revealed the enormous impact of words in amplifying racial bias against particular minority populations in the developed world.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cemented Carbide and Carbon Steel Brazed Joints
Authors: Winardi Yoyok
Published: March 2021

Cemented carbides are joined with steel to be used as a cutting tool. Brazing is one of a method joinning metals that has the potential to combine different types of materials such as cemented carbide and steel. This study aimed to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and the distribution of the hardness value brazed joint between cemented carbide and carbon steel. The heat treatment was carried out at a temperature of 700oC, 725oC, and 750oC for 30 minutes. The joint area is observed using SEM  equipped with EDS. The distribution of hardness value ​​was tested using a micro    vickers testing machine. Microstructure observations and SEM-EDS analysis show that the junction region consists of 3 parts, part I is the phase of Cu solution enriched solid, part II phase of the solid solution with the highest percentage of Ag, and part III is the eutectic phase of Ag-Cu-Zn . EDS test results in each section show that the value of element C increases when the treatment temperature is increased. The hardness test results show that the distribution of the hardness value increases when the treatment temperature is added. The hardness of the test specimen without treatment reached 112.73 VHN. The highest hardness value is 131.88 VHN at 750oC. Thus the heat treatment affects the microstructure and the rate of diffusion of metal elements. The higher the temperature, the diffusion rate of the metal element increases, so that it affects mechanical.
Analisa Uji Performasi Sistem Kemudi, Trnasmisi, dan Sistem Pengereman pada Mobil Listrik Tipe Urban Concept Warok V.1.1
Authors: Putra Wawan Trisnadi , Malyadi Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji performasi sistem kemudi, transmisi, dan sistem pengereman mobil listrik Tipe Urban Concept Warok V.1.1. Asumsi dasar mobil listrik dirancang dengan tipe Urban Concept (Kendaraan roda empat seperti mobil saat ini) yang disesuaikan dengan regulasi Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE), yang diselenggarakan pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kemenristekdikti.

Pada rancangan sistem kemudi menggunakan sistem kemudi berjenis ackerman, sistem transmisi menggunakan chain drive differential sedangkan sistem pengereman menggunakan cakram hidrolik. Pada hasil pengujian sistem kemudi memiliki sudut belok maksimum adalah 45  dengan radius belok kurang dari 6 meter, untuk sistem transmisi pada pengujian kecepatan putaran mesin roda belakang ( ) adalah 589,867 rpm dan putaran motor listrik 642,6 rpm dengan kecepatan rata – rata 53 km/jam. Besarnya perlambatan sistem pengereman adalah 4,901  dan 1,47 s untuk waktu pengeremannya.
The Characterization of Oriza sativa Husk and Royal Ponciana pods Bricquettes
Authors: Widodo Edi , Dani Iswanto Mohammad , Harmi Thahjanti Prantasi , Firdaus Rachmat
Published: March 2021

Rice mills produce abundant husk waste. The husks are used as a mixing material for bricks because they are flammable and have capability to form hot coals with high calor. This potential is used to develop the husks into briquettes. This study used rice husks (oriza sativa) and flamboyant pods (Royal ponciana) as the main ingredients for forming briquettes. This pods was chosen because had not optimally used. The composition of rice husk briquettes and flamboyant fruit skins made of 16.7%: 83.3%, 33.4%: 66.6%, 50%: 50%, 66.6%: 33.4%, 83.3 %: 16.7%. The briquettes formed were measured the calorific value, mass reduction using the TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) thermal measurement method, and measured the values ​​of moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon content. The results of the measurement of the lowest calorific value in rice husk briquettes were 83.3% with a value of 4,551 cal / gram, while the highest value was 5,945 cal / gram in rice husk briquettes percentage of 16.7%. The result of TGA measurement of the largest mass reduction was briquettes with a percentage of husk 83.3% having the highest mass reduction of 11.1 mg. The results of the measurement of water content obtained 7.04%, 24.70% volatile, 9.98% ash content, 58.28% fixed carbon
Effect Of Preheating On The Hardness And Microstructure In Shielded Metal Arc Weldments Of A283 B
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating on the welding process of SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) in terms of hardness and microstructure of welded metal. Much welding has been done by preheating but below the temperature used below the initial martensitic temperature which reaches 452 ° C, this data is sourced from research by S.Zheng et.al and Y. Huang et.al. For this reason, an experiment was carried out with heat temperatures above a martensitic temperature of 500 ° C. The results show that in the Weld Metal area the pearlite structure appears larger, the effect of current strength on HAZ width is directly proportional, the greater the current strength, the wider HAZ, and hardness are affected by the rough grains of martensite
Perancangan Mekanisme Pelurusan Kawat SAE 304 (UNS S30400) Galvanized Menggunakan Prinsip Pengerolan
Authors: Susanto Herman , Tjandra Sunardi
Published: March 2021

Wire is a complement material on the manufacturing product. Therefore, the wire processes usually bestowed to the middle-low industry. Cutting and straightening wire processes are the most basic process for wire materials. In the middle-small industry, demand of wire materials is 150 kg per day. Seeing this potential, the design of a wire straightening mechanism for middle-low industries is necessary to maximize productivity. The main purpose of wire straightening mechanism design is calculating roll diameters and placement to obtain appropriate rolling force. In designing this wire straightening mechanism, the raw materials are used 3 mm SAE 304 (UNS S30400) Galvanized. The rolling method used in this mechanism is Three-Roll Bending. The empirical method is used on this analysis. Based on the analytical results, roll used on this mechanism are 5 pieces or equal with 3 cycle of rolling process with 40 mm of diameters. The vertical gap between center of rolls is 41.5 mm with 54 mm horizontal gap. Rolling force produced by the analytical roll dimension is 1608.69 N/cycle and that’s enough to give plastic deformation on the 3 mm SAE 304 (UNS S30400) Galvanized wire.
A hybrid technique combining intramedullary pinning with extramedullary plate fixation in unstable and comminuted radial head fractures following on-table reconstruction
Authors: Gao Xu , Dai Shi-you , Yin Hai-Lei , Li Fei , Sui Yong-Qiang , Huang Rui , Fan Hai-yu
Published: March 2021

Background: Management of comminuted radial fractures remains controversial. Currently, the emergence of on-table reconstruction technique has made fixation in comminuted radial head fractures more viable. However, the present study reported an intro-operative unstable displacement from the reconstructed radial head to the neck during plate fixation, characterized by a poor radiocapitellar contact and incongruity between the radial head and neck. A hybrid technique combining with intramedullary pining was performed in our study to restore the normal alignment and maintain the stability of fixation. Therefore, the purpose of this article aimed to prove the feasibility of unstable comminuted radial head fractures treated with the extramedullary plate and intramedullary pinning fixation using titanium elastic nails. Methods: The clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes of the groups were compared during follow-up. The radiographic examination was conducted to evaluate the status of bone union, heterotopic ossification and post-traumatic arthritis. The functional assessment was performed to evaluate clinical effects, which included measurements of range of motion (ROM) in the elbow, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Elbow Self-Assessment score (ESAS), Mayo Elbow Performance score (MEPS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)Outcome Measure score.Results: Fifteen patients with unstable fractures were participated with an average follow-up of (37.2±5.8) months for the experimental group and (33.2±7.1) months for the control group, respectively. The ROM of the elbow and functional outcomes in the experimental group, including MEPS and DASH, were significantly superior to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean VAS score between two groups. In the last follow-up, two patients with post-traumatic arthritis rated as grades 1 and two with heterotopic ossifications were observed in the experimental group. In the control group, degenerative changes were observed in four cases (grade 1 in three cases and grade 2 in one case) and heterotopic ossifications rated as grade I were found in two patients. Conclusion: Collectively, intramedullary pinning with extramedullary plate fixation is feasible in unstable comminuted radial head fractures, which can be considered as a remedial surgery for on-table reconstruction technique. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered
Phenylethanoid glycosides as a possible COVID-19 protease inhibitor: a virtual screening approach
Authors: Bernardi Mario , Ghaani Mohammad Reza , Bayazeid Omer
Published: March 2021

From the beginning of pandemic more than 100 million people have been infected with a death rate higher than 2%. Indeed, the current exit strategy involving the spreading of vaccines must be combined with progress in effective treatments development. This scenario is sadly supported by the vaccine’s immune activation time and the inequalities in the global immunization schedule. Bringing the crises under control means providing the world population with accessible and impactful new therapeutics. We screened a natural product library that contains a unique collection of 2370 natural products into the binding site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro). According to the docking score and to the interaction at the active site, three phenylethanoid glycosides (forsythiaside A, isoacteoside and verbascoside) were selected. In order to provide better insight into the atomistic interaction and test the impact of the three selected compounds at the binding site, we resorted to a half microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, we are showing that forsythiaside A is the most stable molecule and it is likely to possess the highest inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Phenylethanoid glycosides also have been reported to have both protease and kinase activity. This kinase inhibitory activity is very beneficial in fighting viruses inside the body as kinases are required for viral entry, metabolism, and/or reproduction. The dual activity (kinase/protease) of phenylethanoid glycosides makes them very promising anit-COVID-19 agents.
Exploring the impact of gene mutation on the progression of multistage colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Wentao , Qin Haiquan , Huang Zigao , Liao Jiankun , Qin Yongjie , Li Baojia , Lai Hao , Mo Xianwei
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE: This article focused on the key role that the cumulative mutations of somatic genes play during the progression of colorectal cancer from benign adenoma to highly malignant mucinous adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the article explains the reasons for the differences in the prognosis of the left-sided and right-sided colon cancer by comparing the number of mutations in the cases. METHODS: In this study, tumor specimens from patients with different stages and different states of co-occurring colonic adenoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, and colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma were extracted and analyzed for gene mutations in different tumor development stages during the progressive evolution from normal tissue to mucinous adenocarcinoma by second-generation sequencing gene detection. Conclusion: The number of somatic gene mutations showed an increasing trend during the progression from normal tissue to the mucinous adenocarcinoma with the highest malignancy. No difference in the underlying genetic level between the right-sided and left-sided colon cancer was observed. However, the prognosis of the right-sided colon cancer patients was worse than that of the left-sided colon cancer patients, suggesting that the longer growth cycle of the right-sided colon cancer may be the main reason for the difference of prognosis.
Microbiome of the Rhizosphere: from Structure to Functions
Authors: Ling Ning , Wang Tingting , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: March 2021

Microbial composition and functioning in the rhizosphere are among the most fascinating but hidden topics in microbial ecology. We generalized bacterial traits regarding community diversity, composition and functions using published 16s rDNA amplicon sequences of 584 pairs of bulk soils vs rhizosphere of crops. The lower bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere (-7% richness) compared to root-free soil reflects the excess of available organic substances near the root. The rhizosphere is enriched by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria as well as other copiotrophic bacteria (r strategists). Complex but unstable bacterial networks in rhizosphere reflect tight microbial interactions and adaptations to fluctuating conditions common for r strategists. The dominant dormancy strategy in the rhizosphere is the toxin-antitoxin system, while sporulation is common in bulk soil. Function prediction analysis showed that the rhizosphere is strongly enriched (50–115%) in methanol oxidation, ureolysis, cellulolysis, chitinolysis and nitrogen fixation, but strongly depleted in functions related to N-cycling.
Structure and variation of root-associated bacterial communities of Cyperus rotundus L. in the contaminated soils around Pb/Zn mine sites
Authors: Gao Pin , Song Benru , Xu Rui , Sun Xiaoxu , Lin Hanzhi , Xu Fuqing , Li Baoqin , Sun Weimin
Published: March 2021

Soil contamination due to mining activities is a great concern in China. Although the effects of mining pollution resulting in changes of soil characteristics and the microbiome have been documented, studies on the responses of plant root-associated microbial assemblages remain scarce. In this work, we collected bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere samples of Cyperus rotundus L (Cyp) plants from two Pb/Zn mines, of which, one was abandoned (SL) and the other was active (GD), to investigate the bacterial community responses across different site contamination levels and Cyp plant compartments. For comparison, one unpolluted site (SD) was included. Results revealed that soils from the SL and GD sites were seriously contaminated by metal(loid)s, including Pb, Zn, As, and Sb. Bacterial richness and diversity depended on the sampling site and plant compartment. All sample types from the SL site had the lowest bacterial diversities and their bacterial communities also exhibited distinct patterns compared to GD and SD samples. As for the specific sampling site, bacterial communities from the root endosphere exhibited different patterns from those in bulk and rhizosphere soil. Compared to the GD and SD sites, the root endosphere and the rhizosphere soil from the SL site shared core microbes, including Halomonas, Pelagibacterium, and Chelativorans, suggesting that they play key roles in Cyp plant survival in such harsh environments.