bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D surface temperature measurement of plasma facing components with modulated active pyrometry
Authors: Amiel S. , Loarer T. , Pocheau C. , Roche H. , Gauthier E. , Aumeunier M.-H. , Le Niliot C. , Rigollet F. , Courtois X. , Jouve M. , Balorin C. , Moncada V.
Published: October 2014

In nuclear fusion devices, such as Tore Supra, the plasma facing components (PFC) are in carbon. Such components are exposed to very high heat flux and the surface temperature measurement is mandatory for the safety of the device and also for efficient plasma scenario development. Besides this measurement is essential to evaluate these heat fluxes for a better knowledge of the physics of plasma-wall interaction, it is also required to monitor the fatigue of PFCs. Infrared system (IR) is used to manage to measure surface temperature in real time. For carbon PFCs, the emissivity is high and known (ɛ ∼ 0.8), therefore the contribution of the reflected flux from environment and collected by the IR cameras can be neglected. However, the future tokamaks such as WEST and ITER will be equipped with PFCs in metal (W and Be/W, respectively) with low and variable emissivities (ɛ ∼ 0.1–0.4). Consequently, the reflected flux will contribute significantly in the collected flux by IR camera. The modulated active pyrometry, using a bicolor camera, proposed in this paper allows a 2D surface temperature measurement independently of the reflected fluxes and the emissivity. Experimental results with Tungsten sample are reported and compared with simultaneous measurement performed with classical pyrometry (monochromatic and bichromatic) with and without reflective flux demonstrating the efficiency of this method for surface temperature measurement independently of the reflected flux and the emissivity.
Facile electron-beam lithography technique for irregular and fragile substrates
Authors: Chang Jiyoung , Zhou Qin , Zettl Alex
Published: October 2014

A facile technique is presented which enables high-resolution electron beam lithography on irregularly-shaped, non-planar or fragile substrates such as the edges of a silicon chip, thin and narrow suspended beams and bridges, or small cylindrical wires. The method involves a spin-free dry-transfer of pre-formed uniform-thickness polymethyl methacrylate, followed by conventional electron beam writing, metal deposition, and lift-off. High-resolution patterning is demonstrated for challenging target substrates. The technique should find broad application in micro- and nano-technology research arenas.
Registry effect on the thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene
Authors: Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: October 2014

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to study the registry effect on the thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene. The interlayer interaction is described by either the Lennard-Jones potential or the registry-dependent potential. Our calculations show that the thermal conductivity in few-layer graphene from both potentials are close to each other, i.e., the registry effect is essentially not important. It is because the thermal transport in few-layer graphene is mainly limited by the interlayer breathing mode, which is insensitive to the registry.
Slew-rate dependence of tracer magnetization response in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Shah Saqlain A. , Ferguson R. M. , Krishnan K. M.
Published: October 2014

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new biomedical imaging technique that produces real-time, high-resolution tomographic images of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle tracers. Currently, 25 kHz and 20 mT/μ0 excitation fields are common in MPI, but lower field amplitudes may be necessary for patient safety in future designs. Here, we address fundamental questions about MPI tracer magnetization dynamics and predict tracer performance in future scanners that employ new combinations of excitation field amplitude (Ho) and frequency (ω). Using an optimized, monodisperse MPI tracer, we studied how several combinations of drive field frequencies and amplitudes affect the tracer's response, using Magnetic Particle Spectrometry and AC hysteresis, for drive field conditions at 15.5, 26, and 40.2 kHz, with field amplitudes ranging from 7 to 52 mT/μ0. For both fluid and immobilized nanoparticle samples, we determined that magnetic response was dominated by Néel reversal. Furthermore, we observed that the peak slew-rate (ωHo) determined the tracer magnetic response. Smaller amplitudes provided correspondingly smaller field of view, sometimes resulting in excitation of minor hysteresis loops. Changing the drive field conditions but keeping the peak slew-rate constant kept the tracer response almost the same. Higher peak slew-rates led to reduced maximum signal intensity and greater coercivity in the tracer response. Our experimental results were in reasonable agreement with Stoner-Wohlfarth model based theories.
The deceiving Δ′: On the equilibrium dependent dynamics of nonlinear magnetic islands
Authors: Militello F. , Grasso D. , Borgogno D.
Published: October 2014

The linear stability parameter Δ′ is commonly used as a figure of merit for the nonlinear dynamics of the tearing mode. It is shown, through numerical simulations, that factors other than Δ′ can play a very important role in determining the evolution of nonlinear magnetic islands, even relatively close to marginal stability. In particular, two different equilibria are analysed and it is shown that, once perturbed, they have a qualitatively and quantitatively different response despite the fact that they are characterised by the same Δ′. However, the different behaviour can still be associated with linear properties of the equilibrium. It is also studied how the nonlinear and saturation phase are affected by an increasing Δ′ in the two equilibria. As the instability drive is increased, the systems move from a dynamics characterised by a “universal” generalised Rutherford equation to a Y-point configuration and then to a plasmoid unstable Y-point. Remarkably, in certain configurations the Rutherford phase is absent and the system forms a current ribbon without an X-point collapse.
Static and dynamic buckling of reconstructions at triple steps on Si(111) surfaces
Authors: Zhachuk R. , Teys S. , Coutinho J. , Rayson M. J. , Briddon P. R.
Published: October 2014

Triple steps on Si(111) surfaces are popular building blocks for bottom-up nanostructure assembly, conferring size uniformity and precise positioning of growing nanostructures. In this work, we employ the Si(7 7 10) regular stepped surface as model system to study the triple steps by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and large-scale first-principles calculations. We find a surprising cohabitation of reconstruction elements at the step edge that either buckles statically or dynamically at room temperature. The driving force for the observed sequence of buckling patterns is traced back to Coulomb interactions involving charged adatoms and rest-atoms lying on a mini-terrace. These results reconcile the Si(111) triple step model with the experimental STM data.
High-power low-droop violet semipolar (303¯1¯) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with thick active layer design
Authors: Becerra Daniel L. , Zhao Yuji , Oh Sang Ho , Pynn Christopher D. , Fujito Kenji , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji
Published: October 2014

Devices grown on nonpolar and semipolar planes of GaN offer key performance advantages over devices grown on the conventional c-plane, including reduced polarization fields. This allows for a wider design space on semipolar planes for light emitting diodes (LEDs) to address the problem of efficiency droop at high current densities. LED structures with very thick (10–100 nm) InGaN single-quantum-well/double heterostructure active regions were grown using conventional metal organic chemical vapor deposition on semipolar (303¯1¯) free-standing GaN substrates and processed and packaged using conventional techniques. Simulated band diagrams showed reduced polarization fields on the (303¯1¯) plane. The calculated critical thickness for misfit dislocation formation is higher on the (303¯1¯) plane than on other semipolar planes, such as (202¯1¯), allowing for thicker active regions than our previous work to further reduce droop. The higher critical thickness was confirmed with defect characterization via cathodoluminescence. A trend is demonstrated in lower efficiency droop for devices with thicker active regions. Thermal droop characteristics of these devices are also presented. These observed results were utilized to demonstrate over 1 W of output power at a current density of 1 kA/cm2 from a single 0.1 mm2 LED device.
Structural basis and distal effects of Gag substrate coevolution in drug resistance to HIV-1 protease
Authors: Özen Ayşegül , Lin Kuan-Hung , Kurt Yilmaz Nese , Schiffer Celia A.
Published: October 2014

Significance

Drug resistance is a major health problem, especially in quickly evolving disease targets including HIV-1 protease. Treatment regimens including HIV-1 protease inhibitors select for viral variants carrying mutations both in the protease and the substrates to confer drug resistance. We report the molecular mechanisms of this protease–substrate coevolution based on complex crystal structures of protease–substrate variants, complemented with molecular dynamics simulations. Specific interactions with I50V/A71V protease are observed to be lost or formed in response to coevolution mutations in the p1-p6 substrate cleavage site. Our structural analysis provides insights into how coevolution in HIV-1 may contribute to thwarting the effectiveness of available drug regimens.
Nitric oxide negatively regulates AKT1-mediated potassium uptake through modulating vitamin B6 homeostasis in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Xia Jinchan , Kong Dongdong , Xue Shaowu , Tian Wang , Li Nan , Bao Fang , Hu Yong , Du Jing , Wang Yu , Pan Xiaojun , Wang Lei , Zhang Xiaochen , Niu Guoqi , Feng Xue , Li Legong , He Yikun
Published: October 2014

Significance

Nitric oxide (NO) plays key roles in coordinating plant growth and development with environmental cues. Potassium (K
+
) is an essential plant nutrient important for growth and stress tolerance. However, little is known about the molecular connection of NO to K
+
homeostasis. Through a genetic approach, this study provides a detailed regulatory mechanism of NO to K
+
channel AKT1-mediated K
+
absorption, through its modulation on vitamin B6 biosynthesis in plants. This finding demonstrates a previously unidentified role of NO in the control of K
+
content in plants, which may represent a normal plant adaptive response under unfavorable external conditions.
Giant cadherins Fat and Dachsous self-bend to organize properly spaced intercellular junctions
Authors: Tsukasaki Yoshikazu , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Matsumoto Atsushi , Nagae Shigenori , Yonemura Shigenobu , Tanoue Takuji , Iwasaki Kenji , Takeichi Masatoshi
Published: October 2014

Significance

Biochemical interactions between cells are crucial for regulating cell behavior, and many of these processes are mediated by integral membrane proteins. Fat4 and Dachsous1 cadherins are such proteins, and their interactions at intercellular contacts generate signals that play pivotal roles in the formation of planar cell polarity and proliferation. However, their molecular sizes are extremely large, raising questions of how these molecules fit in narrow intercellular spaces. Our present study reveals a unique compaction mechanism for these molecules. The repetitive Ca
2+
-binding domains of cadherins are normally important for stabilizing their linear conformation. Strikingly, some of these domains are mutated in Fat4 and Dachsous1, and these changes lead them to bend, thereby enabling them to fit in confined spaces.
Ideophones’ challenges for typological linguistics
Authors: Nuckolls Janis B.
Published: October 2014

Typological studies of motion verbs have struggled to conceptualize a framework that would adequately account for languages which make use of ideophoness for expressing manner of motion. This paper examines ideophones in the Pastaza Quichua dialect of Amazonian Ecuador, with a special focus on the structural patterns observable in two categories of Quichua verbs of motion: verbs of motion by limited translocation and verbs of motion by nonlimited translocation. These two types of verbs and their ideophones manifest 5 major patterns of verb/ideophone interaction, which may be schematized with a gradient scale of possibilities. On the one hand, verbs and their ideophones may come together and coalesce into a unity of meaning, a meaning that is, in fact, lexicalized in one verb form by other languages. On the other hand, verbs and their ideophones may be more inclined toward a ‘separatist semantics’, in which each entity expresses a conceptually distinctive action, event, or process. These patterns problematize several assumptions made in typological studies.
Exploring the Criminal Behavior of Women with Psychopathy: Results from a Multicenter Study into Psychopathy and Violent Offending in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Klein Tuente Stéphanie , Vogel Vivienne de , Stam Jeantine
Published: October 2014

Research into the criminal behavior of women with psychopathy is scarce. The overall aim of the present study was to examine differences between the criminal behavior of women with and without psychopathy. The sample comprised 221 female forensic psychiatric patients who are or have been admitted to one of four participating forensic settings in the Netherlands between 1984 and 2012. An extensive questionnaire containing demographic, criminal, and psychiatric variables was coded, as well as the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, several risk assessment tools, and a taxonomy of motivations (inspired by Coid, 1998). The lowered PCL-R cut-off score as applied in the Female Additional Manual was used to define women with psychopathy. It was found that women with psychopathy were younger at their first conviction and had more criminal versatility in their offense histories than women without psychopathy. With respect to the index offense it was found that women with psychopathy committed a fatal index offense less often, were more likely to have stranger victims, and committed offenses motivated by power, dominance, or personal gain (i.e., Bad motivation typology) more often than women without psychopathy. No differences were found between women with and without psychopathy with respect to type of weapon used at the index offense. Implications and suggestions for future research into psychopathy in women are discussed.
Onward from the cradle
Authors: Satir Peter
Published: October 2014

This essay records a voyage of discovery from the “cradle of cell biology” to the present, focused on the biology of the oldest known cell organelle, the cilium. In the “romper room” of cilia and microtubule (MT) biology, the sliding MT hypothesis of ciliary motility was born. From the “summer of love,” students and colleagues joined the journey to test switch-point mechanisms of motility. In the new century, interest in nonmotile (primary) cilia, never lost from the cradle, was rekindled, leading to discoveries relating ciliogenesis to autophagy and hypotheses of how molecules cross ciliary necklace barriers for cell signaling.
Singing Communities
Authors: Bithell Caroline
Published: October 2014

Chapter 7 investigates the world of natural-voice-style community choirs, set within the broader context of amateur choirs and choral singing, both contemporary and historical, and of more generic considerations of the ways in which singing may be construed in relation to happiness, health, and wellbeing. Particular attention is paid to notions of community and to the ways in which personal rewards intersect with social impact. The discussion here includes short, contrasting case studies of Bangor Community Choir and the London Georgian choir Maspindzeli. The chapter further explores the dynamics of performance and offers an overview of the varied locations and settings in which community choirs may share their repertoire with the wider community. Additional short case studies include Cambridge’s Good Vibrations choir and its engagement with asylum seekers at Oakington Immigration Reception Centre.
Atom–atom scattering
Authors: Child M. S.
Published: October 2014

Atom–atom scattering, as outlined by Ford and Wheeler, was the stimulus for later semiclassical advances. The equation, χ(E,l)=2(∂η/∂l), linking the classical deflection function to the derivative of the phase shift, is central to the theory. The physical origins of diffraction and rainbow oscillations in the angular scattering distributions and glory oscillations in the integral cross-section are described. Uniform approximations eliminate spurious primitive semiclassical singularities. Symmetry oscillations in light atom He/He cross-section are shown to provide direct information on the s-wave phase shift, η0 = (E) Extensions to electronically non-adiabatic scattering show how Stückelberg oscillations in the transition amplitude carry over to corresponding oscillations in the angular scattering intensity.
A Longer Road to Adulthood
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter introduces the concept of emerging adulthood as a new stage of the life span between adolescence and young adulthood, lasting from the late teens through the twenties. The historical origins of emerging adulthood are explored, focusing on Four Revolutions in the 1960s and 1970s that laid the foundation for the world as we know it today, including the new life stage of emerging adulthood: the Technology Revolution, the Sexual Revolution, the Women’s Movement, and the Youth Movement. Emerging adulthood is described in terms of five distinctive features: identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities/optimism. Reasons are presented for why previous terms for the years 18–29 are inadequate (e.g., “late adolescence,” “youth”). Then the cultural context of emerging adulthood is described, with an emphasis on how it exists across developed countries but is not common in developing countries except among the small but growing urban middle class.
Characterization of structural variants with single molecule and hybrid sequencing approaches
Authors: Ritz Anna , Bashir Ali , Sindi Suzanne , Hsu David , Hajirasouliha Iman , Raphael Benjamin J.
Published: October 2014

Motivation : Structural variation is common in human and cancer genomes. High-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled genome-scale surveys of structural variation. However, the short reads produced by these technologies limit the study of complex variants, particularly those involving repetitive regions. Recent ‘third-generation’ sequencing technologies provide single-molecule templates and longer sequencing reads, but at the cost of higher per-nucleotide error rates.

Results : We present MultiBreak-SV, an algorithm to detect structural variants (SVs) from single molecule sequencing data, paired read sequencing data, or a combination of sequencing data from different platforms. We demonstrate that combining low-coverage third-generation data from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) with high-coverage paired read data is advantageous on simulated chromosomes. We apply MultiBreak-SV to PacBio data from four human fosmids and show that it detects known SVs with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, we perform a whole-genome analysis on PacBio data from a complete hydatidiform mole cell line and predict 1002 high-probability SVs, over half of which are confirmed by an Illumina-based assembly.

Availability and implementation : MultiBreak-SV is available at http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/software/ .

Contact : annaritz@vt.edu or braphael@cs.brown.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
WebPSN: a web server for high-throughput investigation of structural communication in biomacromolecules
Authors: Seeber Michele , Felline Angelo , Raimondi Francesco , Mariani Simona , Fanelli Francesca
Published: October 2014

Summary: We developed a mixed Protein Structure Network (PSN) and Elastic Network Model-Normal Mode Analysis (ENM-NMA)-based strategy (i.e. PSN-ENM) to investigate structural communication in biomacromolecules. The approach starts from a Protein Structure Graph and searches for all shortest communication pathways between user-specified residues. The graph is computed on a single preferably high-resolution structure. Information on system’s dynamics is supplied by ENM-NMA.

The PSN–ENM methodology is made of multiple steps both in the setup and analysis stages, which may discourage inexperienced users. To facilitate its usage, we implemented WebPSN, a freely available web server that allows the user to easily setup the calculation, perform post-processing analyses and both visualize and download numerical and 3D representations of the output. Speed and accuracy make this server suitable to investigate structural communication, including allosterism, in large sets of bio-macromolecular systems.

Availability and implementation: The WebPSN server is freely available at http://webpsn.hpc.unimore.it.

Contact:  fanelli@unimo.it

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a semi-transparent bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and description of Arenicellaceae fam. nov. and Arenicellales ord. nov.
Authors: Teramoto Maki , Yagyu Ken-ichi , Nishijima Miyuki
Published: October 2014

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, mesophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 2-9T, was isolated from surface seawater at Muroto city, Kochi prefecture, Japan. The strain was transparent on 1/5 strength marine broth plate but became easily visible when the plate was supplemented with pyruvate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain fell within the class

Gammaproteobacteria

and was most closely related to the genus

Arenicella

(92.7–93.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to type strains of species of this genus) of an unclassified order within this class. The DNA G+C content of strain 2-9T was 41.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (37.6 %), C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (summed feature 3; 19.1 %), C18 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.2 %) and an unidentified fatty acid with an equivalent chain-length value of 11.799 (9.5 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified lipids. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole isoprenoid quinone. From these taxonomic data, it is proposed that strain 2-9T represents a novel species of a new genus, Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is 2-9T ( = NBRC 110144T = KCTC 42196T). A new family, Arenicellaceae fam. nov. (type genus

Arenicella

), and order, Arenicellales ord. nov., of the class

Gammaproteobacteria

are proposed to accommodate the novel taxon.
Proteolytic andN-Glycan Processing of Humanα1-Antitrypsin Expressed inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Castilho Alexandra , Windwarder Markus , Gattinger Pia , Mach Lukas , Strasser Richard , Altmann Friedrich , Steinkellner Herta
Published: October 2014

Plants are increasingly being used as an expression system for complex recombinant proteins. However, our limited knowledge of the intrinsic factors that act along the secretory pathway, which may compromise product integrity, renders process design difficult in some cases. Here, we pursued the recombinant expression of the human protease inhibitor α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in Nicotiana benthamiana. This serum protein undergoes intensive posttranslational modifications. Unusually high levels of recombinant A1AT were expressed in leaves (up to 6 mg g−1 of leaf material) in two forms: full-length A1AT located in the endoplasmic reticulum displaying inhibitory activity, and secreted A1AT processed in the reactive center loop, thus rendering it unable to interact with target proteinases. We found that the terminal protein processing is most likely a consequence of the intrinsic function of A1AT (i.e. its interaction with proteases [most likely serine proteases] along the secretory pathway). Secreted A1AT carried vacuolar-type paucimannosidic N-glycans generated by the activity of hexosaminidases located in the apoplast/plasma membrane. Notwithstanding, an intensive glycoengineering approach led to secreted A1AT carrying sialylated N-glycan structures largely resembling its serum-derived counterpart. In summary, we elucidate unique insights in plant glycosylation processes and show important aspects of postendoplasmic reticulum protein processing in plants.
Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Nagalakshmi R. A. , Suresh J. , Maharani S. , Kumar R. Ranjith , Lakshman P. L. Nilantha
Published: October 2014

In the title compound, C25H23Cl2N3, the cyclooctene ring adopts a twist chair–chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the central pyridine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 Å) and the pendant chlorobenzene and benzyl rings are 78.07 (11) and 87.47 (12)°, respectively. No directional interactions could be identified in the crystal and the packing is governed by van der Waals interactions.
Crystal structure of poly[μ-acetato-bis[μ-2-oxo-2-(quinolin-8-yl)ethanoato]trisodium]
Authors: Nicholls Rachel L. , Pask Christopher M. , Nguyen Bao
Published: October 2014

The title compound [Na3(C11H6NO3)2(C2H3O2)]n, crystallized through diffusion of diethyl ether into methanol as needles. There are three crystallographically independent Na+cations present, each exhibiting a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, two through coordination by five O atoms and one N atom, and one through coordination by six O atoms. A series of intermolecular O...Na and N...Na contacts leads to the formation of chains along thea-axis direction.
Crystal structure of ethyl (2Z)-2-cyano-3-[(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino]prop-2-enoate
Authors: Mague Joel T. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Akkurt Mehmet , El-Emary Talaat I. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: October 2014

The title compound, C16H16N4O2, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, one of which shows disorder of the acetate group over two sets of sites in a 0.799 (2):0.201 (2) ratio. The phenyl group has a similar but opposite sense of twist relative to the pyrazole ring in the two molecules, as indicated by thesynN—N—Car—Car(ar = aromatic) torsion angles of 39.7 (2) and −36.9 (2)°. Each molecule features an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which closes anS(6) ring. In the crystal, C—H...O and C—H...N interactions direct the packing into a layered structure parallel to (110).
Crystal structure of dichloridobis(1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2H-imidazole-2-thione-κS)zinc(II)
Authors: Flörke Ulrich , Ahmida Aziza , Egold Hans , Henkel Gerald
Published: October 2014

The molecular structure of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C11H20N2S)2], shows tetrahedral Zn coordination from two Cl ligands and two thione groups. The Zn—Cl bond lengths differ sligthly at 2.2310 (10) and 2.2396 (11) Å while the Zn—S bond lengths are equal at 2.3663 (9) and 2.3701 (10) Å. The Cl—Zn—Cl angle is 116.04 (4) and S—Zn—S is 101.98 (3)°. All other angles at the central Zn atom range from 108.108 (3) to 110.21 (4)°. The C—S—Zn angles are 100.75 (10) and 103.68 (11)°, the difference most probably resulting from packing effects, as both the C—S and both the S—Zn bonds are equal in each case. The two imidazole ring planes make a dihedral angle of 67.9 (1)°. The CH3groups of one isopropyl moiety are disordered over two sets of sites with occupation factors of 0.567 (15) and 0.433 (15). It may be noteworthy that the isomolecular Cu complex shows a different crystal packing (group–subgroup relation) with the Cu atom lying on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, the shortest non-bonding contact is a C—H...Cl interaction. This leads to the formation of centrosymmetric dimers that are stacked along thec-axis.
Crystal structure of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ium picrate–picric acid (2/1)
Authors: Kavitha Channappa N. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Kaur Manpreet , Anderson Brian J. , Yathirajan H. S.
Published: October 2014

The title salt {systematic name: bis[1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazinium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate]–picric acid (2/1)}, 2C10H14ClN2+·2C6H5N3O7−·C6H6N3O7, crystallized with two independent 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazinium cations, two picrate anions and a picric acid molecule in the asymmetric unit. The six-membered piperazine ring in each cation adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation and contains a protonated N atom. In the picric acid molecule, the mean planes of the nitro groups in theortho-,meta-, andpara-positions are twisted from the benzene ring by 31.5 (3), 7.7 (1), and 3.8 (2)°, respectively. In the anions, the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and theortho-,meta-, andpara-nitro groups are 36.7 (1), 5.0 (6), 4.8 (2)°, and 34.4 (9), 15.3 (8), 4.5 (1)°, respectively. The nitro group in one anion is disordered and was modeled with two sites for one O atom with an occupancy ratio of 0.627 (7):0.373 (7). In the crystal, the picric acid molecule interacts with the picrate anion through a trifurcated O—H...O four-centre hydrogen bond involving an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond and a weak C—H...O interaction. Weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions are responsible for the formation of cation–anion–cation trimers resulting in a chain along [010]. In addition, weak C—H...Cl and weak π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances of 3.532 (3), 3.756 (4) and 3.705 (3) Å] are observed and contribute to the stability of the crystal packing.
Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. III. Water-rich aluminium halide hydrates: AlCl3·15H2O, AlBr3·15H2O, AlI3·15H2O, AlI3·17H2O and AlBr3·9H2O
Authors: Schmidt Horst , Hennings Erik , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Water-rich aluminium halide hydrate structures are not known in the literature. The highest known water content per Al atom is nine for the perchlorate and fluoride. The nonahydrate of aluminium bromide, stable pentadecahydrates of aluminium chloride, bromide and iodide, and a metastable heptadecahydrate of the iodide have now been crystallized from low-temperature solutions. The structures of these hydrates were determined and are discussed in terms of the development of cation hydration spheres. The pentadecahydrate of the chloride and bromide are isostructural. In AlI3·15H2O, half of the Al3+cations are surrounded by two complete hydration spheres, with six H2O in the primary and 12 in the secondary. For the heptadecahydrate of aluminium iodide, this hydration was found for every Al3+.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the hypothetical deaminase RPB_0146 fromRhodopseudomonas palustrisHaA2
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Yu Dan , Yang Guodong , Dong Hui , Zhang Tongcun , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2014

RPB_0146, a putative deaminase fromRhodopseudomonas palustrisHaA2, was expressed inEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3) cells and purified using a His6tag by Ni2+-chelating affinity chromatography for X-ray crystallographic analysis. Diffraction-quality crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 289 K and diffracted to a resolution of 2.44 Å using a wavelength of 1.000 Å at the Photon Factory (KEK), Japan. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space groupP212121, with unit-cell parametersa= 66.26,b= 123.94,c= 155.95 Å.
Structure of anEscherichia coliHfq:RNA complex at 0.97 Å resolution
Authors: Schulz Eike C. , Barabas Orsolya
Published: October 2014

In bacteria, small RNAs (sRNAs) silence or activate target genes through base pairing with the mRNA, thereby modulating its translation. A central player in this process is the RNA chaperone Hfq, which facilitates the annealing of sRNAs with their target mRNAs. Hfq has two RNA-binding surfaces that recognize A-rich and U-rich sequences, and is believed to bind an sRNA–mRNA pair simultaneously. However, how Hfq promotes annealing remains unclear. Here, the crystal structure ofEscherichia coliHfq is presented in complex with U6-RNA bound to its proximal binding site at 0.97 Å resolution, revealing the Hfq–RNA interaction in exceptional detail.
Model of the international competitiveness of SMNEs for Latin American developing countries
Authors: C. Peña-Vinces Jesús , J. Acedo Francisco , L. Roldán José
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model for evaluating the international competitiveness of small and medium multinational enterprises (SMNEs) located in Latin American developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

– Industrial economics and international business theories were linked for establishing the firm international competitiveness model. Literature on each variable determining of firm competitiveness is reviewed and the linkages between them are discussed.

Findings

– The use of a global strategy is one of the most important factors to compete abroad. Domestic environment and national industry might help its use. Human resources background of staff working within the SMNEs affects the global strategy as well.

Practical implications

– SMNEs should be more taken into account as they are the main generators of the economic development of countries and, consequently, foster the progress of underdeveloped countries through creating jobs.

Originality/value

– This study is one of the pioneers in developed a model for evaluating the international competitiveness of firms based on developing countries of Latin America. Researchers and professionals will count on a theoretical tool for evaluating the Latin American international competitiveness in global contexts. Additionally we include the full survey for testing the competitiveness model.
Chinese outward investments to emerging markets: evidence from Latin America
Authors: Fornes Gaston , Butt-Philip Alan
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to analyse the characteristics of Chinese multinational corporations in other emerging economies using evidence from Latin America (LA)vis-à-visthe features found in previous studies of Chinese companies operating in developed countries.

Design

– It does this by studying the fit of theoretical frameworks recently developed for Chinese firms, the support from the government and the strength of their capabilities in relation to those of local competitors. The analysis is based on case studies with data collected from a theoretical sample of Chinese companies operating in LA.

Findings

– The results show that these companies seem to be following a pattern similar to that described by Mathews’s (2006) Linkage–Leverage–Learning, that the support from the government does not seem to play an important role in their internationalisation process, that they appear to have developed a set of capabilities strong enough to compete in the host market (in particular how to combine their strengths with those of local partners) and that they are engaged in a positive cycle of development that helps them to overcome some of the challenges and barriers of operating in Latin American emerging markets by complementing/leveraging their strengths with those of local firms.

Originality/value

– The findings indicate that Chinese companies are following patterns in their internationalisation to Latin American emerging markets that seems to be a combination of conventional theories (including previous studies on emerging markets-based firms) with idiosyncratic elements.
Pacific peoples, mental health service engagement and suicide prevention in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Tiatia-Seath Jemaima
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the engagement of Pacific peoples in mental health services in Aotearoa New Zealand and Pacific strategies for suicide prevention.

Design/methodology/approach

– This qualitative study involved 22 interviews with Samoans who had made a suicide attempt and/or had suicide ideation, were engaged in a mental health service.

Findings

– Narratives of mental health services and suicide prevention focused on issues of cultural competency, the importance of family involvement, dichotomous views of western and traditional beliefs around mental illness and the unsuccessful engagement of Pacific youth.

Originality/value

– This research argues that cultural considerations for Pacific communities are of paramount importance if mental health service engagement and developments towards Pacific suicide prevention strategies are to be effective.
Reasons for participating and not participating in a e-health workplace physical activity intervention
Authors: Bardus Marco , Blake Holly , Lloyd Scott , Suzanne Suggs L.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for participating and not participating in an e-health workplace physical activity (PA) intervention.

Design/methodology/approach

– Semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of employees who enrolled and participated in the intervention and with those who did not complete enrolment, hence did not participate in it. Data were examined using thematic analysis according to the clusters of “reasons for participation” and for “non-participation”.

Findings

– Reported reasons for participation included a need to be more active, to increase motivation to engage in PA, and to better manage weight. Employees were attracted by the perceived ease of use of the programme and by the promise of receiving reminders. Many felt encouraged to enrol by managers or peers. Reported reasons for non-participation included lack of time, loss of interest towards the programme, or a lack of reminders to complete enrolment.

Practical implications

– Future e-health workplace behavioural interventions should consider focusing on employees’ needs and motivators to behaviour change, provide regular reminders for participants to complete enrolment and ensure that procedures are completed successfully. Barriers to participation could be identified through formative research with the target population and feasibility studies.

Originality/value

– This study combines a qualitative analysis of the reasons why some employees decided to enrol in a workplace PA intervention and why some others did not. This study highlights factors to consider when designing, implementing and promoting similar interventions and that could inform strategies to enhance participation in workplace PA interventions.
Organization of work in Estonian university libraries: a review and survey
Authors: Kont Kate-Riin , Jantson Signe
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The aim of the current article is to investigate satisfaction of the staff of Estonian university libraries with the organization of work by analyzing characteristics, aspects and dimensions of the work, such as self-realization and skills realization opportunities, task complexity, task interdependence and fair division of tasks.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data used in this paper is based on a review of relevant literature to provide an overview of the concept of work organization, and the results of the original online survey created by the paper’s authors, conducted among Estonian university libraries. The results are interpreted on the basis of direction in the literature, and the authors’ opinions, based on our long-term working experience in Estonian academic libraries.

Findings

– Although a number of Estonian university librarians were mostly satisfied with the division of labor within their departments, the respondents feel that duties in the library as a whole should be reorganized and workloads should be divided more equally. Almost half of the respondents have performed (in addition to their main job) duties that are not included in their job descriptions.

Originality/value

– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has been previously carried out in the Estonian library context into work organization and coordination. Based on the current study, it can be concluded that the biggest challenge for university libraries in Estonia is to fixate clearly job descriptions and work procedures, divide job duties fairly and guarantee balanced work load. Additional duties should be accompanied with additional remuneration.
Theses and dissertations in institutional repositories: an Asian perspective
Authors: Ahmed Aquil , Alreyaee Sulaiman , Rahman Azizur
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– Institutional repositories constitute an integral part of present day digital libraries allowing global access to scholarly publications and provides an opportunity for future research enhancement and long term preservation of information. Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) represent a growing segment of available content in institutional repositories where they contribute to the impact and ranking of their institutions. The present study traces the growth and development of online e-theses repositories in Asia within the broader framework of open access.

Design/methodology/approach

– The present study tries to discover the composition of ETD repositories in Asia based on the seven key parameters, i.e. country, types, language, disciplines, software, content types and repository policies. To achieve the stated objectives, the ETD repositories developed by Asian countries were identified by selecting the database of OpenDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories) and the retrieved data were thoroughly analyzed for the necessary information.

Findings

– Theses and dissertations are considered an important part of information resources in any institution. They are often the only source of research work. Unfortunately, access to these valuable unpublished resources is often restricted to parent institution only. The authors found that ETD repositories are addressing this problem by making institutional knowledge available online and thereby not only increasing its visibility and use, but also making them contribute to the impact and ranking of their institutions. Asian countries are beginning to embrace the idea of digitizing, archiving and making their theses and dissertations available online. The study found that more than half of all IRs listed in the directory of OpenDOAR contain ETDs. ETD system is growing fast in some Asian countries. However, the number of universities having e-theses repositories is meager considering the large number of quality academic and research institutions across Asian countries.

Practical implications

– The paper argues that ETD repositories not only benefit students and institutions by enhancing education and expanding research, but also by increasing a university’s visibility and use and thereby contributing to the impact and ranking of its parent institutions.

Originality/value

– The study hopes to heighten awareness of research being conducted in Asia and its contribution to a global knowledge base. Some of the suggestions to improve the existing conditions and strengthen the growth rate of ETDs in Asia are also presented.
Embedded librarianship in branch settings: customizing liaison services
Authors: L. Hall Susan , Hunter Marshall Derek
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present analysis of the role of the branch librarian as a valuable paradigm for embedded librarianship. Branch librarians develop strong connections to specialized client groups and build programs and services in response to their unique environments.

Design/methodology/approach

– A review of research in embedded librarianship was conducted with particular emphasis on branch librarians. This article provides critique of research on embedded librarianship from the perspectives of branch management and an overview of strategies typically employed.

Findings

– In important ways, branch librarians present an ideal model for embedded librarianship. They work toward close communication with the faculty and students of their academic unit, and are on location, identifying the specific needs and customizing services for patron groups in their academic settings.

Originality/value

– The authors are Coordinators of Branch Library Services at Mississippi State University for the College of Architecture, Art, and Design and the College of Veterinary Medicine. The authors’ experiences as branch managers and immersion within their academic units provide a unique and more comprehensive analysis of embedded librarianship, one that has been overlooked.
Job prospects for Mzuzu university library and information science graduates
Authors: Harvey Chaputula Aubrey
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of a study that was conducted to find out the employment prospects of Mzuzu University (Mzuni) library and information science (LIS) graduates.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study made use of a survey designehil it was mainly quantitative in nature. A census of all LIS graduates from 2006 to 2013 was taken. The study also purposely sampled some major employers of LIS graduates. Self completion questionnaires were administered to both study groups by the researcher personally, and also through emails. Data were collected between September and October 2013, and SPSS was used to analyse the data. Findings from the two questionnaires were discussed in relation to prevailing literature in the field.

Findings

– The study established that there are few job opportunities for LIS graduates in the library sector. This came about because libraries have not taken deliberate steps to recruit LIS graduates while opportunities in the private sector were limited. Consequently, some LIS graduates were unemployed, while the majority had taken up alternative jobs. Nevertheless, LIS graduates had the requisite skills and attributes required for the job. Absence of a career structure for LIS professionals in the public sector, failure to recognise role of librarians and LIS qualifications and lack of training opportunities were some of the challenges which LIS graduates faced.

Research limitations/implications

– The study covers all LIS graduates who graduated from Mzuni between 2006 and 2013. However, lack of updated contact information means that the researcher had challenges to reach out to most of the graduates save for those working in the major libraries. Furthermore, a good number of the graduates did not respond to the questionnaire sent, particularly those who graduated from the generic programme. This led to a lower than anticipated response rate. This implies that some of the study findings may have some bias towards the LIS graduates in the mature group.

Practical implications

– The research findings have a big bearing on policy formulation and decision making in government, the public and private sector players, professional associations and LIS training institutions.

Originality/value

– No formal studies have been done to determine the employment prospects for Mzuni LIS graduates ever since the diploma and degree programmes were launched. This research is, therefore, the first of its kind, and could help shape the future of the programmes in terms of curriculum content and methods of delivery. Recommendations made could also help the Malawi Library Association, the Mzuni’s Department of Library and Information Science, and relevant government ministries and departments to come up with appropriate interventions to the challenges being faced.