bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A College-Community Collaboration: Fostering Developmentally Appropriate Practices in the Age of Accountability
Authors: Mages Wendy K , Nitecki Elena , Ohseki Aki
Published: October 2018

Early childhood education faculty from a college collaborated with a local public school district to conduct a series of professional-development workshops for early childhood practitioners.  The workshop series was designed to address pedagogical concerns identified by district administrators and teachers, as well as to help early childhood educators maintain developmentally appropriate practices in an increasingly standards-based, assessment-oriented climate, defined by the Common Core Standards and state-mandated testing.  Participant survey responses indicated that, although all workshops were well received, participants found more value in the application-focused workshops than the content-focused workshops. In an evidence-based, educational climate, professional development opportunities tend to focus on initiatives designed to directly impact student learning outcomes.  Yet, professional development initiatives that provide opportunities for teachers to broaden their knowledge and acquire new strategies and skills may also be beneficial. Thus, policies and practices associated with opportunities for teacher professional development should carefully consider practitioner and institutional needs and reflect a range of constituent-identified foci and goals, in order to productively meet the needs of both classroom teachers and their students.
Surveying seaweeds from the Ulvales and Fucales in the world’s most frequently used artificial waterway, the Kiel Canal
Authors: Steinhagen Sophie , Karez Rolf , Weinberger Florian
Published: September 2018

The Kiel Canal is one of the world’s most frequently used inland waterways and connects the SW Baltic Sea with the Wadden Sea. At the same time, the canal is a highly eutrophicated environment that is characterized by salinities that range from 3 to 16. This brackish character could make the Kiel Canal an important stepping stone for the introductions of species into the inner Baltic Sea. It could also hinder the identification of native and introduced species, given the fact that salinity sometimes severely affects algal morphology. Here we report on a survey of introduced and native seaweed species in the canal, focusing on the dominant groups, which are Fucales and Ulvales. Of the Fucales, the introduced species Fucus evanescens was detected nearly exclusively inside the canal, while Fucus vesiculosus dominated rockweed communities directly outside the sluice gates. Morphological analysis and genetic barcoding distinguished three species of Ulvales, Ulva linza, Ulva intestinalis and an unknown and possibly introduced species of the genus Blidingia. Species distributions and – in the case of U. intestinalis – branching patterns were clearly affected by salinity, while thallus sizes appeared to be affected by the specific eutrophication status of sites within the canal.
Estuarine algal responses to increasing nitrate concentrations during closed mouth conditions of oligotrophic systems: a laboratory microcosm experiment
Authors: Lemley Daniel Alan , Nunes Monique , Adams Janine Barbara
Published: September 2018

The increasing incidence of eutrophication has potentially detrimental socio-economic and ecological consequences. This study aimed to elucidate the temporal dynamics of algal communities in response to increasing initial concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (particularly nitrate) – central components of eutrophication. A contained microcosm experiment was designed to mimic the conditions of shallow oligotrophic estuaries with high water residence times. Phytoplankton, microphytobenthos and filamentous algal community dynamics were observed over a 28-day experimental period under different nitrate regimes. Key observations included (1) accelerated filamentous algal growth, (2) rapid loss of phytoplankton biomass and abundance, and (3) reduced benthic diatom species diversity and richness in the “1.0 μm Nitrate Addition” treatment. Additionally, model results highlighted the positive relationship between filamentous algal growth and increased water temperature. From a global change perspective, the decline in microalgal abundance and diversity at the onset of filamentous algal growth in warm, N-enriched environments suggests a potential uncoupling of trophic pathways. However, the “Control” and “0.5 μm Nitrate Addition” treatments were similar in their algal responses, highlighting the ability of ecosystems to absorb small disturbances. Thus, it is critical that estuarine resilience is preserved to ensure continued provision of invaluable ecosystem services.
Corrosion effects on seismic capacity of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Bossio Antonio , Fabbrocino Francesco , Monetta Tullio , Lignola Gian Piero , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano , Bellucci Francesco
Published: September 2018

Recently, corrosion prevention and monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures became an important issue for seismic assessment of such kind of structures. Therefore, it is important to develop adequate models to represent material degradation into seismic behavior simulation of RC structures. Because of its effects, corrosion represents the most important form of degradation for materials and structures, both for wide diffusion and the amount of danger it presents. To understand the corrosion process is critical in order to design RC structures that are able to guarantee the required service life and in order to understand the residual service life and strength of an existing structure. The seismic behavior of a corroded framed RC structure is analyzed by means of push-over analyses, which allow understanding the development of the global behavior of the structure. Three different degrees of corrosion penetration were simulated, by means of the reduction of bars and stirrups’ diameters and concrete cover cracking and spalling, and three different configurations of corrosion, depending on the number of corroded frames and sides of the structural elements.
Negative oxygen ion (NOI) production by enhanced photocatalytic TiO2/GO composites anchored on wooden substrates
Authors: Han Xiaoshuai , Wang Zhenxing , Zhang Qinqin , Lv Yan , Pu Junwen
Published: September 2018

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)/graphene oxide (GO)-treated wood was fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal-vacuum dipping technique, in which silica sol serves as a dispersant and linker owing to its good stability and high surface area, while the visible light activates TiO2/GO and negative oxygen ions (NOI) arise. This approach exhibits a super dye adsorption capacity and enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. In focus was the effect of the three-dimensional (3D) GO dopant on the NOI production, which was very high in this system. Namely, the concentration of NOI is up to 1710 ions cm−3 after 60 min visible light irradiation. Moreover, recycling experiments show that the properties of a TiO2/GO-wood system are stable. The TiO2/GO-treated wood is a healthy, environmentally friendly material which is promising for indoor decoration.
Characterization of Highly Active Al2O3-TiO2 Supported Pt and Pd Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane
Authors: Granados-Fócil A. A. , Núñez-Correa S. , Martín-Guaregua N. C. , García-Mendoza C. , Woolfolk-Frías L. G. , De Los Reyes-Heredia J. A.
Published: October 2018

Al2O3-TiO2 (AT) mixed oxide with atomic ratio Al/Ti = 25 and Al2O3 (A) supports were prepared by the sol-gel method and impregnated to obtain monometallic Pd and Pt (1 wt % of metal), and bimetallic PdPt (Pd/Pt = 4) catalysts. These catalysts were tested in the gas-phase hydrodechlorination of 1,2 dichloroethane. The materials were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). AT support showed a BET area (422 m2/g), slightly higher than A(374 m2/g). The specific activity for the AT supported catalysts was higher than that for the A supported catalysts. The order of activity for the AT supported catalysts was as follows: Pd> PdPt> Pt and in terms of selectivity towards non-chlorinated compounds the order was PdPt> Pd> Pt. The differences in the activities and the selectivities can be explained by the presence of different species of Pd in the supported catalysts.
The standardized extract of Nigella sativa and its major ingredient, thymoquinone, ameliorates angiotensin II-induced hypertension in rats
Authors: Enayatfard Lili , Mohebbati Reza , Niazmand Saeed , Hosseini Mahmoud , Shafei Mohammad Naser
Published: September 2018

Background

This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and its active component, thymoquinone (TQ) on hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII), the main product of renin–angiotensin system (RAS).

Methods

Seven animal groups (n=7 for each group) were used as follows: (1) control, (2) AngII (300 ng/kg), (3) AngII+losartan (Los; 10 mg/kg), (4) TQ (40 mg/kg)+AngII, and (5–7) three doses of N. sativa (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg)+AngII. Los and AngII were injected intravenously; TQ and extracts were injected intraperitoneally. In TQ and N. sativa-treated groups, 30 min after injection of the extract and TQ, AngII was injected. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded by power lab system after cannulation of femoral artery. The maximum changes (∆) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were calculated and used for statistical analysis.

Results

AngII significantly increased maximal ∆SBP, ∆MAP, and ∆HR compared with the control (p<0.001), and these effects significantly were blunted by Los. TQ and two higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg) of N. sativa significantly could antagonize effect of AngII on ∆SBP, ∆MAP (p<0.05 to p<0.001). AngII-induced changes of HR are also significantly decreased by TQ and dose 600 mg/kg of extract (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).

Conclusions

The N. sativa and its component TQ have the beneficial effect on hypertension probably due to attenuation cardiovascular effects of AngII.
Optimizing Integrated Features for Hindi Automatic Speech Recognition System
Authors: Dua Mohit , Aggarwal Rajesh Kumar , Biswas Mantosh
Published: September 2018

An automatic speech recognition (ASR) system translates spoken words or utterances (isolated, connected, continuous, and spontaneous) into text format. State-of-the-art ASR systems mainly use Mel frequency (MF) cepstral coefficient (MFCC), perceptual linear prediction (PLP), and Gammatone frequency (GF) cepstral coefficient (GFCC) for extracting features in the training phase of the ASR system. Initially, the paper proposes a sequential combination of all three feature extraction methods, taking two at a time. Six combinations, MF-PLP, PLP-MFCC, MF-GFCC, GF-MFCC, GF-PLP, and PLP-GFCC, are used, and the accuracy of the proposed system using all these combinations was tested. The results show that the GF-MFCC and MF-GFCC integrations outperform all other proposed integrations. Further, these two feature vector integrations are optimized using three different optimization methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with crossover, and PSO with quadratic crossover (Q-PSO). The results demonstrate that the Q-PSO-optimized GF-MFCC integration show significant improvement over all other optimized combinations.
CO-OFDM and DP-QPSK Based DWDM Optical Wireless Communication System
Authors: Padhy Jagana Bihari , Patnaik Bijayananda
Published: September 2018

The 5 G technology provides a promising solution for future broadband networks. It requires access to high-speed wireless services for systems at anytime and anywhere. For adapting the 5 G services, this paper proposes an optical wireless system with hybrid scheme of dual polarized Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system. The multi-carrier transmission technique such as coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) has also been incorporated into the system. The frequency spacing for the DWDM system is taken 25, 50 and 100 GHz according to the ITU-T standard. Here the subcarriers of each channel are modulated with the dual polarized-quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) sequence. The information is transmitted with an overall data rate of 0.32 Tbps. The system is successfully demonstrated at different turbulence regime from clear weather to severe turbulence weather under Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence channel model. Due to the high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) tolerance and high spectrum efficiency of the dual polarized multi-channel and multicarrier transmission technique, the link distance achieved is 2.9 km in clear weather, 2.6 km in moderate turbulence regime, 2.3 km in high turbulence regime and 0.9 km in severe turbulence regime. A comparison study with related works has been carried out. Mathematical modeling is also incorporated for detail analysis of the proposed system.
Birth risks according to maternal height and weight – an analysis of the German Perinatal Survey
Authors: Voigt Manfred , Hagenah Hans-Peter , Jackson Tanya , Kunze Mirjam , Wittwer-Backofen Ursula , Olbertz Dirk Manfred , Straube Sebastian
Published: September 2018

Objective

To investigate the variability in the prevalences of selected birth risks in women of different heights and weights.

Methods

Data from the German Perinatal Survey of 1998–2000 were analyzed: 503,468 cases contributed to our analysis of the prevalences of selected birth risks specified according to maternal weight groups, 502,562 cases contributed to our analysis according to maternal height groups and 43,928 cases contributed to our analysis of birth risks in women with a body mass index (BMI) of 21–23 kg/m2 but different heights and weights. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.

Results

Some birth risks varied substantially by maternal height in women with a “normal” BMI of 21–23 kg/m2: the prevalence of post-term birth increased from 8.7% in women with a height of 150 cm to 13.5% in 185 cm tall women, the prevalence of preterm birth decreased from 5.9% (150 cm tall women) to 3.1% (185 cm tall women), a pathologic cardiotocography (CTG) or poor fetal heart sounds on auscultation occurred in 19.4% of the 150 cm tall women but only in 9.2% of 185 cm tall women and cephalopelvic disproportion decreased from 12.3% (150 cm tall women) to 1.2% (185 cm tall women). Analyses of women in different body height and weight groups (without restriction of BMI) likewise showed differences in the prevalences of some birth risks.

Conclusion

Birth risks may vary by height and weight in women with the same, “normal” BMI. BMI should not be the only way by which the impact of maternal height and weight is assessed with regard to perinatal outcomes such as birth risks.
Lexical contact in the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: French
Authors: Minervini Laura
Published: October 2018

In the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, French was variously involved in the dynamics of lexical contact in the Mediterranean. The study of lexical loans may display the stratification of influences and linguistic exchanges that is peculiar to the “French case”.
The lexical impact of language contact with Arabic on Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Ruhstaller Stefan , Gordón Peral María Dolores
Published: October 2018

During the nine centuries of Arab presence in the Iberian Peninsula (from the conquest in 711 to the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1610), the Ibero-Romance languages received hundreds of Arabic loanwords. This lexicon is distributed in specific notional fields that reflect the cultural exchange that Christian Spain benefitted from in its contact with Al-Andalus, and is often characterized by a limited diatopic, diastratic and diachronic diffusion that reveals that the transfer of lexical material occurred in very varied social, political and cultural contexts and periods. There was already an interest in Arabic loanwords during the Age of Humanism, at which time they began to be the object of systematic compilations and attempts at etymological interpretation. In the second half of the nineteenth century, authors such as Dozy and Eguílaz gathered an ample documentation of Arabic loanwords and proposed numerous, largely correct etymologies. With the studies of modern authors, mainly of J. Corominas and F. Corriente, the lexical material has been further extended and deepened in the description and etymological analysis, efforts whose results are incorporated into dictionaries specifically centred on Arabic loanwords and etymological works of general orientation.
Language contact on the Iberian Peninsula: Romani and the autochthonous languages
Authors: Doppelbauer Max
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on the history of the linguistic exchange between Romani and the autochthonous languages of the Iberian Peninsula, and on the studies in this field. Over the last 600 years, Romani has entirely disappeared, leaving marks in the evolution of mixed languages, the so-called Calos. A handful of lexemes in Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan are the only remnants of a long shared history of social (and linguistic) exclusion.
A taxonomy of user guidance devices for e-lexicography
Authors: Bothma Theo J. D. , Prinsloo Danie J. , Heid Ulrich
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to give an overview of the nature of current lexicographic user guidance devices and to suggest a possible classification or taxonomy to serve as a guideline for future compilations of such tools to assist users in communicative and cognitive situations, especially in text production, text reception and computer assisted vocabulary learning. The higher levels of the taxonomy are broadly based on the Function Theory of Lexicography. The lower level of tools that support the communicative function describes the nature of the interaction of the user with the tool - interactive, automated linking/checking and automated translation. The lower level of the tools that describe the cognitive function can be further expanded, based on the nature of the cognition e.g. into self-study of corpus-based analyses and computer-aided learning. We expect this work to provide a broader basis for the discussion of this dispersed set of tools, and for a more principled design and development of new ones.
Simulation model for frictional contact of two elastic surfaces in micro/nanoscale and its validation
Authors: Michałowski Marcin
Published: October 2018

A numerical model is suggested and validated for simulating frictional forces between two samples. The model employs knowledge of surface topographies and values of surface properties provided in the relevant literature and can be applied to contact between complex surfaces. It employs the Lennard-Jones molecular force theory and applies it to a surface segmented into cuboids, which represent separate springs in a Winkler layer. In order to model a contact of two rough surfaces, their asperities are merged into one surface that is put into contact with a perfectly flat surface. Validation, done by atomic force microscopy (AFM), shows that the model can be applied for contacts of rigid samples in the elastic regime of forces.
Government Debt and Economic Growth. A Threshold Analysis for Greece
Authors: Pegkas Panagiotis
Published: September 2018

This study addresses the issue of threshold effects between general government debt and economic growth in Greece over the period 1970–2016. Using threshold models, there is evidence in favour of a negative association between general government debt and economic growth. The results indicate that the magnitude of this negative relationship between debt and growth depends on debt regimes. Also, the results seem to suggest that public debt might be associated with lower growth at low and moderate public debt levels. Specifically, at debt levels lower than 23.5 percent of GDP, increases in the general government debt-to-GDP ratio are associated with higher negative effect on economic growth, than at very high debt levels of 109.4 percent of GDP. The overall results could explain why general government debt was a significant drag on economic growth of Greece and that the crisis is far from over as thresholds are still binding.
Computational analysis and identification of battery materials
Authors: Meutzner F. , Nestler T. , Zschornak M. , Canepa P. , Gautam G. S. , Leoni S. , Adams S. , Leisegang T. , Blatov V. A. , Meyer D. C.
Published: September 2018

Crystallography is a powerful descriptor of the atomic structure of solid-state matter and can be applied to analyse the phenomena present in functional materials. Especially for ion diffusion – one of the main processes found in electrochemical energy storage materials – crystallography can describe and evaluate the elementary steps for the hopping of mobile species from one crystallographic site to another. By translating this knowledge into parameters and search for similar numbers in other materials, promising compounds for future energy storage materials can be identified. Large crystal structure databases like the ICSD, CSD, and PCD have accumulated millions of measured crystal structures and thus represent valuable sources for future data mining and big-data approaches. In this work we want to present, on the one hand, crystallographic approaches based on geometric and crystal-chemical descriptors that can be easily applied to very large databases. On the other hand, we want to show methodologies based on ab initio and electronic modelling which can simulate the structure features more realistically, incorporating also dynamic processes. Their theoretical background, applicability, and selected examples are presented.
Sleep and Wakefulness Are Controlled by Ventral Medial Midbrain/Pons GABAergic Neurons in Mice
Authors: Takata Yohko , Oishi Yo , Zhou Xu-Zhao , Hasegawa Emi , Takahashi Koji , Cherasse Yoan , Sakurai Takeshi , Lazarus Michael
Published: October 2018

Sleep–wake behavior is controlled by a wide range of neuronal populations in the mammalian brain. Although the ventral midbrain/pons (VMP) area is suggested to participate in sleep–wake regulation, the neuronal mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we found that nonspecific cell ablation or selective ablation of GABAergic neurons by expressing diphtheria toxin fragment A in the VMP in male mice induced a large increase in wakefulness that lasted at least 4 weeks. In contrast, selective ablation of dopaminergic neurons in the VMP had little effect on wakefulness. Chemogenetic inhibition of VMP GABAergic neurons also markedly increased wakefulness. The wake-promoting effect of the VMP GABAergic neuron ablation or inhibition was attenuated to varying degrees by the administration of dopamine D1 or D2/3 receptor antagonists and abolished by the administration of both antagonists together. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of VMP GABAergic neurons very strongly increased slow-wave sleep and reduced wakefulness. These findings suggest that VMP GABAergic neurons regulate dopaminergic actions in the sleep–wake behavior of mice.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent understanding of the neuronal mechanisms and populations that regulate sleep–wake behavior is incomplete. Here, we identified a GABAergic ventral midbrain/pons area that is necessary for controlling the daily amount of sleep and wakefulness in mice. We also found that these inhibitory neurons control wakefulness by suppressing dopaminergic systems. Surprisingly, activation of these neurons strongly induced slow-wave sleep while suppressing wakefulness. Our study reveals a new brain mechanism critical for sleep–wake regulation.
Observing Action Sequences Elicits Sequence-Specific Neural Representations in Frontoparietal Brain Regions
Authors: Apšvalka Dace , Cross Emily S. , Ramsey Richard
Published: October 2018

Learning new skills by watching others is important for social and motor development throughout the lifespan. Prior research has suggested that observational learning shares common substrates with physical practice at both cognitive and brain levels. In addition, neuroimaging studies have used multivariate analysis techniques to understand neural representations in a variety of domains, including vision, audition, memory, and action, but few studies have investigated neural plasticity in representational space. Therefore, although movement sequences can be learned by observing other people's actions, a largely unanswered question in neuroscience is how experience shapes the representational space of neural systems. Here, across a sample of male and female participants, we combined pretraining and posttraining fMRI sessions with 6 d of observational practice to determine whether the observation of action sequences elicits sequence-specific representations in human frontoparietal brain regions and the extent to which these representations become more distinct with observational practice. Our results showed that observed action sequences are modeled by distinct patterns of activity in frontoparietal cortex and that such representations largely generalize to very similar, but untrained, sequences. These findings advance our understanding of what is modeled during observational learning (sequence-specific information), as well as how it is modeled (reorganization of frontoparietal cortex is similar to that previously shown following physical practice). Therefore, on a more fine-grained neural level than demonstrated previously, our findings reveal how the representational structure of frontoparietal cortex maps visual information onto motor circuits in order to enhance motor performance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLearning by watching others is a cornerstone in the development of expertise and skilled behavior. However, it remains unclear how visual signals are mapped onto motor circuits for such learning to occur. Here, we show that observed action sequences are modeled by distinct patterns of activity in frontoparietal cortex and that such representations largely generalize to very similar, but untrained, sequences. These findings advance our understanding of what is modeled during observational learning (sequence-specific information), as well as how it is modeled (reorganization of frontoparietal cortex is similar to that previously shown following physical practice). More generally, these findings demonstrate how motor circuit involvement in the perception of action sequences shows high fidelity to prior work, which focused on physical performance of action sequences.
The Oceanography of the Bras D'Or Lakes: General Introduction
Authors: Petrie Brian , Raymond Janice
Published: October 2018

Introduction to the oceanography of the Bras D'Or Lakes.
The Nova Scotian Institute of Science Student Awards 2003
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

Student Awards
Obituary
Authors: William John Dyer Obituary
Published: October 2018

William John Dyer (1913 - 2003)
NSIS Proceedings: Introduction
Authors: Introduction NSIS
Published: October 2018

NSIS
General Introduction: Marine Science Essays
Authors: Stewart James E.
Published: October 2018

Marine Science Essays
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN ATLANTIC CANADA
Authors: Clarke R. Allyn
Published: October 2018

Physical oceanography has been practiced in Atlantic Canada since the beginnings of the science in the second half of the 19th century. Pursued largely as an applied science, its efforts have been directed toward providing information to mariners and other marine users. Early efforts focused on tidal observations to promote safe navigation. This was expanded in the early 20th century to regional studies in support of fisheries. In the second half of the 20th century, physical oceanography in Atlantic Canada grew to support the offshore development of oil and gas, provide more comprehensive environmental assessments of marine projects and processes, improve Search and Rescue responses and to better understand and predict climate change and variability.Oceanographers now have the capabilities to observe the ocean in near real-time using satellites as well as autonomous in situ instruments. The continued growth in computer power and other information technologies has permitted the development of operational ocean models that can provide real-time information and projections on oceanic conditions to a broad section of the marine community.L’océanographie physique est pratiquée au Canada atlantique depuis les débuts de cette science au cours de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. Les travaux dans ce domaine, menés dans une grande mesure sous forme appliquée, sont axés principalement sur la fourniture de renseignements aux gens de mer et aux autres utilisateurs du milieu marin. Les premiers travaux ont porté sur les observations des marées afin d’assurer la sécurité en mer. Au début du XXe siècle, des études régionales ont été lancées pour appuyer les activités de pêche. Au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, l’océanographie physique au Canada atlantique a continué de croître pour maintenant appuyer les projets de mise en valeur du pétrole et du gaz en milieu extracôtier, fournir des évaluations environnementales plus détaillées des projets en milieu marin et des processus liés à ce milieu, améliorer l’intervention dans le cadre d’opérations de recherche et de sauvetage, approfondir les connaissances sur le changement climatique et la variabilité et améliorer les prévisions relatives à ceux-ci. Les océanographes ont maintenant la capacité d’observer l’océan presque en temps réel grâce à des satellites et à des instruments autonomes in situ. L’améliorationcontinue de la puissance des ordinateurs et d’autres technologies de l’information a rendu possible l’élaboration de modèles océaniques opérationnels qui peuvent fournir des données et prévisions en temps réel sur les conditions océaniques à une part importante de la communauté maritime.
A HISTORY OF MARINE FISHERIES SCIENCE IN ATLANTIC CANADA AND ITS ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES
Authors: Halliday R. G. , Fanning L. P.
Published: October 2018

The roots of fisheries science on the Atlantic coast of Canada go back to 1898.The primary research agencies were the Fisheries Research Board of Canada andpredecessors until the early 1970s and subsequently the federal department responsible for fisheries. Canadian research on Atlantic fisheries expanded substantially after the Second World War, at about the time the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries was formed, and increased again after the 1977 extension of fisheries jurisdiction, but gradually declined from the 1980s. Initially research was directed at improving and expanding the fisheries through exploring for new resources and by introducing and testing new fishing methods and new processing technologies, but increasingly was directed towards rational exploitation of the fisheries as international fishing effort greatly expanded in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the provision of short-termadvice on catch limits occupied a large proportion of science resources. This paper describes these changes with primary reference to groundfish fisheries, which were the most important for much of the period.Les racines des sciences halieutiques sur la côte atlantique du Canada remontent à 1898. Jusqu’au début des années 1970, les principaux organismes de recherche étaient le Conseil de recherche sur les pêcheries du Canada et ses prédécesseurs. Par la suite, le ministère fédéral responsable des pêches a assumé ce rôle. La recherche menée au Canada sur les pêches dans l’Atlantique a pris beaucoup d’ampleur après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à peu près au moment où la Commission internationale pour les pêcheries de l’Atlantique Nord‑Ouest a été créée, et également après l’élargissement du champ de compétence du Canada en matière de pêche en 1977, mais elle est en période de déclin graduel depuis les années 1980. Au début, la recherche était axée surl’amélioration et l’expansion des pêches par le biais de l’étude de nouvelles ressources et de l’élaboration et de l’essai de nouvelles méthodes de pêche et technologies de transformation. Au fil du temps, le point de mire de la recherche est devenu l’exploitation rationnelle des ressources halieutiques, étant donné l’important accroissement de l’effort de pêche sur la scène internationale dans les années 1960. Dans les années 1980, une bonne part des ressources scientifiques étaient occupées à fournir des conseils à court terme à propos des limites de prises. Le présent document décrit ces changements en mettant l’accent sur les pêches de poissons de fond, qui étaient les activités les plusimportantes pour la majeure partie de cette période.
Rhodotorula glutinis: STRAIN ENRICHMENT AND EVALUATION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE
Authors: MacDonald M. Jason , D'Cunha Godwin B.
Published: October 2018

2006 NSIS Honourable Mention, Undergraduate Student ResearchPrize Winning PaperThe enrichment of a Rhodotorula glufinis strain and the determination of itsphenylalanine ammonia lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5 - PAL) activity and attempts to measure peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1. 7) activity included conventional mycological procedures along with chemical and microscopic examination. Sabouraud dextrose medium was found to be the most suitable for cell growth, but cells grown on yeast-extract medium exhibited optimal enzyme activity. Growth and PAL activity were measured in yeast cells grown in yeast-extract broth medium for 24-27 h. The appearance of a reddish pink color associated with the yeast cells coincided with the appearance of appreciable PAL activity. The maximum PAL activity and biomass of yeast obtained in the yeast extract medium ranged from 33 to 35 unitslmg dry cells and 7.5 to 8.0 g dry cells/l, respectively. In addition to phenylalanine, Rhodatowla PAL also used phenylalanine methyl-ester as a substrate. No peroxidase activity was found in these R. glutinis cells.L'enrichissement de la souche de Rhodatarula glutinis et la detenmination de l'activite de la phenylalanine ammoniac-lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5 - PAL) chez cette souche, de meme que les tentatives de mesure de I'activite de la peroxydase (E.C.1 .11.1 .7), ont compris I'utilisation de procedures mycologiques traditionnelles ainsi que des examens microscopiques et chimiques. Nous avons constate que la gelose Sabouraud au dextrose est Ie meilleur milieu pour assurer la croissance cellulaire, mais que l'activite enzymatique est optimale dans les cellules cultivees sur un milieu a base d'extrait de levure. Nousavons mesure la croissance de cellulesde levure culliveesdans un bouillon a base d'extrait de levure pendant 24 a 27 heures et nous avons mesure I'activite de la PAL dans ces memes cellules. L'apparition d'une couleur rose rougeatre associee aux cellules de levure a coIncide avec Ie debut d'une periode d'activite notable de laPAL. L'activite maxima Ie de la PAL obtenue dans Ie milieu a base d'exlrait de levure a varie de 33 a 35 unites par mg de cellules seches, tandis que la biomasse de levure maximale obtenue dans Ie meme milieu a varie de 7,5 a 8,0 9 de cellules seches par litre. En plus de la phenylalanine, la PAlde Rhodotorula a utilise I'ester methylique de la phenylalanine comme substrat. Aucune activite de la peroxydase n'a ete observee dans ces cellules de R. glutinis.•
Treasurer's Report March 2009
Authors: McCulloch Elaine D.
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Editor's Report 2009-1010
Authors: Wells Peter
Published: October 2018

Not available.
NSIS Council 2009-2010 and Instructions to Authors
Authors: NSIS Back Matter
Published: October 2018

Not available.
LASIURINE BATS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Lucas Zoe , Hebda Andrew
Published: October 2018

Three lasiurine bat species, Lasionycteris noctivagans (Silver-hairedBat), Lasiurus cinereus (Hoary Bat), and Lasiurus borealis (Red Bat),have been recorded in inland, coastal, and offshore locations as of NovaScotia. Although these records occurred over a century, 70% are from themid-1990s or later, largely because of research in mainland Nova Scotia,and increased interest on Sable Island. The 65 records presented hereinclude 11, 25, and 29 for Silver-haired, Hoary, and Red bats, respectively,of which 31 are previously unpublished. Seventy-seven percent of recordsare from August through November, the autumn migration period forlasiurine bats. These observations suggest that most autumn occurrencesof these species in Nova Scotia are not extralimital, but are part of normalmigratory patterns in the province.
CAN WE STOP THE ATLANTIC LOBSTER FISHERY GOING THE WAY OF NEWFOUNDLAND’S ATLANTIC COD? A PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Corkett Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

The cod and lobster fisheries of Atlantic Canada are managed in verydifferent ways. Regulatory policy for Atlantic cod has traditionally beenbased on population or biomass measurements, something that has neverbeen done for the management of Atlantic Canada’s lobster. While thesetraditional methods differ, an alternate logical or analytic approach tomanagement is perhaps one way that sound and rational fisheries can bemanaged. The recommendations that follow derive from asking: can welearn analytic lessons from the collapse of Atlantic cod that might allow usto avoid a similar collapse in Atlantic lobster? A landings-per-unit-of-effort(LPUE) index could be constructed for the lobster industry that wouldprovide a continuous trend over time. This trend would form an effectivefeedback model; a declining trend over time would indicate the goal ofsustainability was in jeopardy, whereas a level or increasing trend overtime would indicate that the industry was maintaining its sustainability.Crucially, an LPUE index should only be used as an argument a posterioriinvolving feedback in the form of trends. This index should never be usedas an argument a priori to estimate lobster abundance or lobster biomass
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND QUANTUM MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF THE ANTI-CANCER AGENT FLAVOPIRIDOL (HYDROCHLORIDE) AND THE CHROMONE ALKALOID ROHITUKINE
Authors: Quail J. Wilson , Gossage Robert A.
Published: October 2018

The characterisation of the solid-state crystal structure of the hydrochloricacid salt of anti-cancer agent Flavopiridol (i.e., (–)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is described. The title compound forms meta-stableX-ray quality crystals by slow evaporation of solutions of the material inaqueous methanol. The crystalline unit cell contains two organic cations,two formal chloride counterions and two molecules of methanol, one ofwhich is replaced in 20% occupancy by a water molecule. The crystalform is of space group P1 with cell parameters a = 7.2014(10) Å, b =12.0094(9) Å, c = 12.6581(14) Å, α = 89.146(4)°, β = 89.788(6)° and γ= 82.180(4)°. The unit cell volume is 1084.4(2)Å3. The general structuralfeatures of individual (gas-phase) molecules of protonated Flavopiridol andthe naturally occurring 2-methyl-[4H]-chromen-4-one analogue Rohitukinehave been calculated by application of Density Functional Theory (dft)at the b3lyp/6-31g* level of sophistication. These results are compared tothe reported solid-state data of these two biologically relevant flavanoids.
REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT, 2010 TO 2011
Authors: Richardson David H. S.
Published: October 2018

REPORTS FROM THE NSIS COUNCILNOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Birds of Brier Island
Authors: Mills Eric L. , Laviolette Lance
Published: October 2018

Birds of Brier Island by Eric L. Mills & Lance Laviolette. Sept.2011; gives a fascinating overview of the visiting and nestingbirds that have travelled through Nova Scotia’s Bay of Fundyregion and made a stopover on Brier Island. 107pp, ill. 8.5 x 11in; softcover. Published as a special issue — Vol. 46, Part 1, ofthe Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science.
150th Anniversary AGM Attendees
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2018

Picture of attendees.
Voyage of Discovery: Fifty Years of Marine Research at Canada’s Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Authors: Various Authors BIO-Oceans Association
Published: October 2018

VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY will summarize BIO research results on theoceanography of Arctic and Eastern Canada. It will be the most extensivesurvey of the history and scientific accomplishments of the Bedford Instituteof Oceanography under one cover.
EARLY SPRING FLOWERING IN NOVA SCOTIA: AN EXTREME SPRING IS REFLECTED IN ADVANCED FLOWERING
Authors: Hill Nicholas M. , Garbary David J.
Published: October 2018

Twenty species of herbaceous plants and four non-amentiferous shrubs were found in flower in March-April in Nova Scotia during the spring of 2012. Plants were observed primarily in Kings and Antigonish Counties, with several observations from Inverness County. The precocious flowering is attributed to an abnormally warm late winter and spring (February-March) in which climate normals for monthly average temperature were exceeded by a minimum of 1.2°C in February (Tracadie) to a maximum of 8.5°C in March (Kentville). Flowering was an average of 17 days earlier than herbarium records in the largest regional herbaria (ACAD, NSAC). Proportional contribution to the early flowering guild was greater for exotic species which featured weedy families not represented in the native group. These observations of spring climate conditions and flowering phenology are consistent with regional climate change associated with milder and earlier springs.Key Words: climate change, Nova Scotia, phenology, spring flowering, exotic range expansion.
A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOGENESIS OF EMBRYOS AND JUVENILES OF THE DIRECT DEVELOPING ISOPOD, Cyathura polita (Stimpson, 1855)
Authors: Mercer Sara C. , Dadswell Michael J. , Gibson Glenys D.
Published: October 2018

Isopods are a species rich, morphologically diverse group characterised by direct development of young within a marsupium. Collectively, these traits make isopods excellent models for understanding the changes to morphogenesis that occur in the evolution of direct development, but the overall understanding of this process is limited by a lack of comparative data. We investigated morphogenesis in Cyathura polita, an isopod common in estuaries along the Atlantic coast of North America, from gastrulation to release of young as benthic juveniles, using Scanning Electron Microscopy. We found that early development of C. polita from gastrulation to hatching from the extraembryonic membranes was generally similar to that described by earlier work using sectioned material, but found that development through the manca stage to free living juveniles differed from previous studies. For instance, the embryonic dorsal organ differed from that described generally for isopods as the apical surface is covered by a sieve plate and the typically reported microvilli were not observed. Differences in timing were also noted: for example, segments appeared throughout the pereon and pleon well before the post-naupliar appendages, and not coincident with them as described previously for isopods. Limb development occurred simultaneously except that pereopod 7 did not form until the post-manca stages, as is typical for this group, suggesting there is non sequential (or suppression of) teloblast activity in postnaupliar development. Also, some broods contained young of different developmental stages (i.e., early embryos and late manca), indicating that spawning events are repeated and overlap, which is perhaps adaptive in the shortened reproductive season characteristic of our study population that is at the northern limit of the known range for this species. Mean brood size was 53.2 ± 18.9 young (range 4-108), the largest reported for Anthuridae (a family of isopod crustaceans).Key words: scanning electron microscopy, marsupium, manca, embryonic dorsal organ, direct development, crustaceans.
Instructions to Authors
Authors: Proceedings NSIS
Published: October 2018

Not Available
Research Data Transparency and Openness for the Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Authors: Sherin Andrew , Kennedy Mary , Baccardax Westcott Alexi
Published: October 2018

This paper addresses the issue of the transparency of the original research data and accessibility to it (i.e. openness) for each published paper in the Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (PNSIS).
Critical analysis and inferential potential of Sable Island historical sources
Authors: Mior Aaron
Published: October 2018

Over four hundred years of history has been documented in a variety of primary and secondary resource materials regarding the cultural maritime landscape on Sable Island. While this wealth of resource data provides intricate details regarding historical human occupation on the island, in order to derive conclusions and inferences from the data a critical analysis of this resource material should be conducted.  The remote location of Sable Island, and the comparably limited historical human occupation, presents a unique, primarily undisturbed, maritime landscape to investigate scientifically. This paper examines the ability to study and analyze the historical events related to the island’s maritime history which specifically occurred on the island. The essential purpose of this article is to evaluate the variety of historical sources documenting the maritime history on Sable Island and argue for the classification of these sources based on their perceived reliability and accuracy. Only when the historical sources have been critically analyzed can they be utilized to provide greater inferential potential and confidently test hypotheses to develop relevant conclusions regarding events which specifically occurred directly on the island.
Speckled trout population parameters, habitat conditions and management strategies in lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Ryan Amy , MacMillan John L.
Published: October 2018

A principal components analysis was conducted on the results of published reports and data sets from technical papers that include speckled trout Salvelinus fontinalis population estimates from 14 Nova Scotia lakes. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that influenced trout density and biomass. Population parameters, including mean fork length (cm), population density (n/ha), and population biomass (kg/ha), relative to variation in lake size, acidity, and competitor species were assessed and compared among lakes. Populations with small mean length and slow growth displayed larger fish density and biomass suggesting density-dependence. Acidic conditions potentially impact spawning potential and reduced recruitment that resulted in small population density and larger trout. The number of other fish species present in the lakes was used as an index of competition and had the greatest impact on trout density and biomass in Nova Scotia lakes. Yellow perch seemed to have the most impact of all the competitor species. In five lakes that contained yellow perch the mean trout population biomass was 0.19 kg-ha-1 (0.2,SD) compared to 4.5 kg-ha-1 (0.26, SD) in eight lakes that did not contain perch species. Lentic habitat conditions can greatly influence the potential success of different fisheries management strategies.
The lichen-forming fungi in the Halifax Public Gardens, Nova Scotia
Authors: Tumur Anwar , Richardson David H.S.
Published: October 2018

Fifty-three lichens species belonging to 28 genera were recorded from the Halifax Public Gardens in Nova Scotia. A brief history of the gardens and of lichen recording in the city is presented, along with a commentary on the lichens found in this study. The results of this lichen survey are of particular interest as the lichen flora has not been previously documented and it provides a baseline for monitoring future changing patterns of pollution and climate. In addition, the Halifax Public Gardens are celebrating in 2017 the 150th anniversary of the opening of the gardens.