bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical fit of HR practices and organizational culture: a case of a large-sized Korean conglomerate
Authors: Lee Hwanwoo , Park Joon Hyung , Ngan Shing-Chung , Tian T. Siva
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the human resources (HR) literature by using exploratory network analysis (ENA), a data-driven technique. This technique was employed to discover how the perceived effectiveness of HR practices interrelate with employee perceptions on organizational cultural factors to enhance organizational commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used data from 1,459 employees of a large South Korean conglomerate and studied how individual HR practices could be enhanced by specific organizational cultural factors. The data were analyzed using ENA, which is an inductive approach.

Findings

The authors found that organizational commitment is associated with the positive perceptions of employees on the effectiveness of HR practices, such as performance appraisal, training and development, and compensation. Results show that when both HR practices and organizational cultural factors are considered, they appear to influence organizational commitment independently.

Research limitations/implications

Data were collected from a large conglomerate. The authors were limited by the use of the scales developed by a consulting firm. Therefore, readers should be cautious about the generalizability of the findings.

Originality/value

The application of a data-driven technique (ENA) highlights the potentially fertile methodological grounds for HR research. Literature on strategic HR management may benefit from inductive approaches, wherein data serve as primary foundation for the design and development of new theories.
An examination of the moderating effect of electronic-HRM on high-performance work practices and organisational performance link
Authors: Obeidat Shatha M.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine electronic-HRM (e-HRM) as a contingency factor moderating the relationship between high-performance work practices (HPWP) and organisational performance. It also explores the hypothesised relationship within the Middle Eastern context.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study was conducted on Jordanian firms operating in both financial and manufacturing sectors. The final research sample consisted of 118 questionnaires. The data were analysed using partial least squares through Smart PLS.

Findings

The findings show support for the hypothesised relationship. In particular, this study shows that both HPWP and e-HRM have a significant positive influence on organisational performance. The results also revealed that e-HRM moderates the HPWP-performance link.

Practical implications

Overall, these findings support previous claims that the adoption of HPWP contributes to organisational success. In particular, firms operating in the Middle Eastern region could improve their performance by implementing HPWP. It also confirms the vital role of e-HRM on improving the positive influence of HPWP on organisational performance. Thus, managers may consider investing in e-HRM system in order to enforce the contribution of HPWP to the effectiveness of their firms.

Originality/value

This study represents a first attempt to measure e-HRM as a possible moderating variable in the HPWP and organisational performance link. Such moderation would be a contribution to the strategic HRM field as very recent research calls for studies that examine new intermediary variables in an attempt to unlock the “black box” in the HPWP and performance link.
Measuring teamwork and team performance in collaborative work environments
Authors: King Kylie Goodell
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Tasks in today’s global marketplace are becoming increasingly reliant on the work of teams. As creativity and innovation are frequently required for organizational success, work teams are becoming more and more prominent within all types of organizations. With the rise of organizational teams, the purpose of this paper is to develop appropriate tools to measure how well these teams work together and how well they perform required tasks.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper outlines a measure of teamwork, a transactive memory system (TMS), and proposes new methods for using TMSs to measure team structures, processes, and performance. These new methods include dispersion models and social network analysis.

Findings

Dispersion models and social network analysis hold promise for the future evaluation of TMS and other team constructs.

Originality/value

This paper provides a summary of two novel approaches to the measurement of TMS and other team constructs.
A nanotechnology roadmapping study for the Turkish defense industry
Authors: Aydogdu Ayhan , Burmaoglu Serhat , Saritas Ozcan , Cakir Serhat
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Technologies are constantly developed to address new demands and provide further opportunities. Owing to a number of potential application areas of nanotechnologies within this sector, the purpose of this study is to take defense as a case and propose a strategic roadmap for the use of nanotechnologies in the Turkish Defense Industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presented in this paper uses a bibliometric analysis of the most cited publications in the past decade with the aim of identifying the trends in the development of nanotechnology. Interviews were carried out with experts based on the featured words of bibliometric analysis (nanoparticles, nanostructure, self-assembly, drug delivery, graphene, etc.) to reveal the commercialization time of nanotechnology products and applications. After that, a survey was carried out with engineers for determining the possible emergence time of nanotechnology applications and/or products used in military up to year 2035. Finally, a roadmap was created based on the obtained data from bibliometric analysis, interviews and survey results.

Findings

Nanotechnology roadmap was prepared, one which would contribute to the preparation of the defense industry for the future and help in keeping up with technological developments.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Interviews and surveys have limitation with the bounded rationality of corresponders.

Practical implications

The paper proposed a nanotechnology roadmap for the defense sector with a data-led foresight practice.

Originality/value

Performing such a study is considered to be crucial for the armies of developed and developing countries, so that the military sector also avails benefits from this revolutionary technology. Quantitative and qualitative methods were mixed for developing the roadmap.
Using the GM(1,1) model cluster to forecast global oil consumption
Authors: Yuan Chaoqing , Zhu Yuxin , Chen Ding , Liu Sifeng , Fang Zhigeng
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare GM(1,1) model, rolling GM(1,1) model and metabolism GM(1,1) model included in the GM(1,1) model cluster and use these models to forecast global oil consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

Simulated sequences will be generated randomly, and used to test the models included in the GM(1,1) model cluster; and these grey forecasting models are applied to forecast global oil consumption.

Findings

Effectiveness of these grey forecasting models is proved by random experiments, which explains the model adaptability. Global oil consumption is predicted, and it shows that global oil consumption will increase at a rather big growth rate in the next years.

Originality/value

The effectiveness of medium-term prediction of these grey forecasting models is analyzed by random experiments. These models are compared, and some basis for model selection is obtained.
A multiple-attribute decision-making method based on the mean value of grey number weight optimisation and its application in supply-chain management
Authors: Mi Chuanmin , Xiao Lin , Liu Sifeng , Ruan Xiaoyan
Published: June 2017

Purpose

With respect to the multiple-attribute decision-making problem with subjective preference for a certain attribute whose weight-value range have been given over other attributes whose weight values are unknown, a method based on the mean value of the grey number is proposed to analyse the decision-making problem. This method is used to choose a supply-chain partner under the condition that the decision makers have a preference for a certain attribute of various alternatives. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the middle value of the preferred attribute’s weight-value range is supposed to be its weight value according to the content of the mean value of the grey number. Second, to reflect the decision maker’s subjective preference information, an improved optimisation model that requests the minimum deviation between the actual and expected numerical value of each attribute is constructed to assess the attributes’ weights. Third, the correlated degree and the correlation matrix, which are determined by the weight values of all attributes, are used to rank all the alternatives.

Findings

This paper provides a method for making a decision when decision makers have a preference for a certain attribute from an array of various alternatives, and the range of the certain attribute’s weight value is given but the weight value of the other attributes is unknown. When applied to supply-chain partner selection, this method proves feasible and effective.

Practical implications

This method is feasible and effective when applied to supply-chain partner selection, and can be applied to other kinds of decision-making problems. This means it has significant theoretical importance and extensive practical value.

Originality/value

Based on the mean value of the grey number, an optimisation model is built to determine the importance degree of each attribute, then the correlated degree of each alternative is combined to rank all the alternatives. This method can suit the decision makers’ subjective preference for a certain attribute well.
Team faultline: types, configuration and influence – evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liang Qiaozhuan , Zhang Yue , Qu Yuanmei (Elly)
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This study aims to focus on three types of team faultlines (separation-based faultlines, variety-based faultlines and disparity-based faultlines) and discuss the different ways through which their configurational properties (faultline strength and faultline distance) affect team performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted panel data regression analysis to test the model. Panel data of Chinese provincial party-government top cadres teams that covers 30 provincial areas from 2007 to 2012 were collected for data analyses.

Findings

The results revealed that separation-based faultline strength was negatively related to team performance, variety-based faultline strength had a U-shape relationship with team performance and disparity-based faultline strength had an inversed U-shape relationship with team performance. In addition, separation-based and disparity-based faultline distances served as moderators enhancing the curvilinear relationship between faultline strength and team performance. Notably, variety-based faultline distance failed to exaggerate the U-shape relationship between variety-based faultline strength and team performance; however, the relationship changed based on different levels of variety-based faultline distance.

Originality/value

This study discussed team configurations based on three types of faultlines by comparing differences between team configurations reflected by diversity and faultline strength. Settled in Chinese political context, this study empirically tested the interaction effects between faultline strength and distance on team performance.
Value creation and appropriation in product returns management
Authors: Dapiran G. Peter , Kam Booi H.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Product returns management (PRM) is a core supply chain management process. Though the importance of value creation and appropriation is acknowledged, extant studies on value in product returns tend to be limited to the residual asset value (cost recovery) of the returned products. Further, value discussion in PRM is limited to the value implications for a single party in the returns transaction rather than all the product returns chain entities. The purpose of this paper is to explore value creation and appropriation in a triad of supplier-retailer-3PL in the product returns chain.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an inductive qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with executives in a triad of organisations formed the primary data source for the study.

Findings

The paper identifies six value drivers and develops a value creation and appropriation framework. It shows that facilitation, value orientation, process alignment and relational factors are key drivers of value creation and appropriation in PRM.

Research limitations/implications

The findings reinforce the view that value creation and appropriation are the outcomes of multi-party interactions in a product return chain. The framework presented contributes to the literature by showing the linkages amongst key drivers.

Practical implications

The findings show the important role of external process facilitation and how a 3PL contributes to value creation in a triadic relationship.

Originality/value

Research based on a triadic product returns chain is a unique dimension of this study.
Dependencia serial de largo plazo en el índice bursátil chileno, a través del coeficiente de Hurst y Hurst ajustado
Authors: Acuña-Opazo Christian , Álvarez-Marín Alejandro
Published: June 2017

Propósito

La presente investigación examina la existencia de memoria de largo plazo por medio del cálculo del coeficiente de Hurst y Hurst ajustado, y del análisis de características de estructuras caóticas en la serie del mercado bursátil de Chile, específicamente a través del Índice de Precios Selectivo de Acciones.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se desarrolló un breve análisis del mercado, según la metodología de Box y Jenkings. La validez de los resultados se realizó por medio de la prueba propuesta por Brock, Dechert y Scheinkman. En segundo lugar, se procedió a analizar la dinámica y patrones del índice y de su rendimiento, para observar si existía evidencia de memoria de largo plazo.

Hallazgos

Los resultados demuestran la presencia de esta memoria en el mercado bursátil chileno, determinado a través del índice accionario en dos escalas, diaria y trimestral, lo que además corrobora resultados obtenidos por otros autores, confirmando el uso de la metodología de Rango Re-escaldo para la identificación y determinación de memoria de largo plazo en una serie temporal.

Originalidad/valor

Este estudio permitirá a futuros investigadores realizar análisis similares en otros mercados, aportando un nuevo enfoque al analizar la memoria de la largo plazo y los factores que inciden en ella.

Palabras clave

Exponente de Hurst, Índice bursátil, Mercados eficientes, Mercados fractales

Tipo de artículo

Artículo de investigación
Legitimacy judgments in neighborhood context
Authors: Kochel Tammy Rinehart
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Policing differs across neighborhoods, but little is known about how context conditions residents’ assessments about police legitimacy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether procedural justice and police effectiveness differently contribute to legitimacy judgments depending on the security risk inherent in the context.

Design/methodology/approach

The research applies a series of multi-level regression models using nearly 3,000 surveys of Trinidad and Tobago residents.

Findings

Police legitimacy and the conditions that promote legitimacy vary across neighborhoods. In “good” neighborhoods, individuals draw on police effectiveness and procedural justice to infer legitimacy, but in at-risk neighborhoods, residents’ views derive from effectiveness. Procedural justice does not play a significant role.

Practical implications

One implication for police is that the current emphasis on evidence-based policing strategies, especially in high crime neighborhoods, can provide a mechanism to improve the generally negative views about police legitimacy held by those residents. The findings do not imply, however, that police need not be concerned about procedural justice in at-risk neighborhoods. In fact, as police improve their crime prevention prowess, views about how procedurally just their methods are increase in importance.

Originality/value

Prior research addressing the antecedents of legitimacy has focused on individual demographic and attitudinal predictors. Only two prior studies have begun to investigate whether residents of different contexts may form their views based on different antecedents. This study outlines a theoretical basis for why different bases may be expected and then tests those expectations using rigorous statistical analyses.
EUROPE AT THE CROSSROADS
Authors: REICHLIN LUCREZIA , REY HÉLÈNE
Published: June 2017

Eurozone economies are expanding, but is it really the time to celebrate? Lucrezia Reichlin and Hélène Rey warn of dangers ahead
OF SNAKES AND LADDERS
Authors: SHERMAN ELIOT
Published: June 2017

Some people prefer to use kindness. Others adopt a more ruthless approach. Eliot Sherman outlines the rules for securing more power and influence at work
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
Authors: PETERSON RANDALL S
Published: June 2017

Not all narcissists need be nightmare colleagues, says Randall S Peterson. Learn to recognise the different types if you want to manage them successfully
IN FAVOUR OF FORECASTING
Authors: REICHLIN LUCREZIA
Published: June 2017

Is forecasting folly? Lucrezia Reichlin weighs up the arguments
UNNATURAL SELECTION
Authors: BRANDS RAINA , FERNANDEZ‐MATEO ISABEL
Published: June 2017

Companies that want to attract women to the C‐suite need more than good recruitment policies, say Raina Brands and Isabel Fernandez‐Mateo
MARRIAGE OF MAN AND MACHINE
Authors: SHEEHAN TONY
Published: June 2017

Tony Sheehan says digital learning can help deal with information overload
EXPERT APPRAISAL
Authors: PORTES RICHARD
Published: June 2017

Who needs experts? Richard Portes comes to the defence of an embattled breed
THE LIMITS OF GENDER BLINDNESS
Authors: KESEBIR SELIN
Published: June 2017

Women co‐operate well in the workplace, says Selin Kesebir. Competition is harmful
HOW SMART IS SMART BETA?
Authors: DIMSON ELROY , MARSH PAUL , STAUNTON MIKE
Published: June 2017

Which stockmarket investments do best? Elroy Dimson, Paul Marsh and Mike Staunton seek the answers
SAFETY IN NUMBERS
Authors: BAN GAH‐YI
Published: June 2017

Gah‐Yi Ban explains how inventory theory combined with Big Data could help address the problem of global waste
Studies on N‐Acetyltransferase (NAT2) Genotype Relationships in Emiratis: Confirmation of the Existence of Phenotype Variation among Slow Acetylators
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Mohammad M. , Amir Naheed , Dhanasekaran Subramanian , John Anne , Abdulrazzaq Yousef M. , Ali Bassam R. , Bastaki Salim
Published: June 2017

Background and purpose

Individuals with slow N‐acetylation phenotype often experience toxicity from drugs such as isoniazid, sulfonamides, procainamide, and hydralazine, whereas rapid acetylators may not respond to these medications. The highly polymorphic N‐acetyltransferase 2 enzyme encoded by the NAT2 gene is one of the N‐acetylators in humans with a clear impact on the metabolism of a significant number of important drugs. However, there are limited studies on N‐acetylation phenotypes and NAT2 genotypes among Emiratis, and thus this study was carried out to fill this gap.

Methods

Five hundred seventy‐six Emirati subjects were asked to consume a soft drink containing caffeine (a nontoxic and reliable probe for predicting the acetylation phenotype) and then provide a buccal swab along with a spot urine sample. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used to determine the genotype of each individual. Phenotyping was carried out by analyzing the caffeine metabolites using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

Results

We found that 78.5%, 19.1%, and 2.4% of the Emirati subjects were slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators, respectively. In addition, we found that 77.4% of the subjects were homozygous or heterozygous for two nonreference alleles, whereas 18.4% and 4.2% were heterozygous or homozygous for the reference allele (NAT2*4), respectively. The most common genotypes found were NAT2*5B/*7B, NAT2*5B/*6A, NAT2*7B/*14B, and NAT2*4/*5B, with frequencies of 0.255, 0.135, 0.105, and 0.09, respectively. The degree of phenotype/genotype concordance was 96.2%. The NAT2*6A/*6A, NAT2*6A/*7B, NAT2*7B/*7B, and NAT2*5A/*5B genotypes were found to be associated with the lowest 5‐acetylamino‐6‐formylamino‐3‐methyluracil/1‐methylxanthine (AFMU/1X) ratios.

Conclusions

There is a high percentage of slow acetylators among Emiratis, which correlates with the presence of nonreference alleles for the NAT2 gene. Individuals who carried NAT2*6A/*6A, NAT2*6A/*7B, NAT2*7B/*7B, or NAT2*5A/*5B genotypes might be at higher risk of toxicity with some drugs and some diseases compared to others, as these genotypes are associated with the slowest acetylation status.
How Learning Goal Orientation Fosters Leadership Recognition in Self‐Managed Teams: A Two‐Stage Mediation Model
Authors: Lee Yih‐teen , Paunova Minna
Published: June 2017

Defined as a mental framework for how individuals interpret and respond to achievement situations, learning goal orientation (LGO) has received increasing attention in organisational research. However, its effect on leadership, especially in contexts absent of formal leadership, remains understudied. Drawing on social exchange theory, we propose and test an individual‐level two‐stage process model of generalised exchange linking LGO and leadership recognition in self‐managed teams. Specifically, we posit that learning‐oriented individuals will tend to feel safer in self‐managed teams, which will enable and sustain their engagement in contextual role behavior. Such behavior, in turn, will be reciprocated with recognition of these individuals as leaders. We use a multiphase, multi‐informant approach (n = 287), and we find that felt safety mediates the effect of LGO on contextual role behavior, but that contextual role behavior alone does not mediate the effect of LGO on leadership recognition. LGO has an indirect effect on leadership recognition through the joint mediation of felt safety and contextual role behavior. Our results offer insight on the link between LGO and leadership, with practical implications for people working in self‐managed teams.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the efficacy of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Derwa Y. , Gracie D. J. , Hamlin P. J. , Ford A. C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Evidence implicates disturbances of the gastrointestinal microbiota in their pathogenesis.

Aim

To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the efficacy of probiotics in IBD.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched (until November 2016). Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recruited adults with UC or CD, and compared probiotics with 5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASAs) or placebo. Dichotomous symptom data were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR) of failure to achieve remission in active IBD, or RR of relapse of disease activity in quiescent IBD, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The search identified 12 253 citations. Twenty‐two RCTs were eligible. There was no benefit of probiotics over placebo in inducing remission in active UC (RR of failure to achieve remission=0.86; 95% CI=0.68‐1.08). However, when only trials of VSL#3 were considered there appeared to be a benefit (RR=0.74; 95% CI=0.63‐0.87). Probiotics appeared equivalent to 5‐ASAs in preventing UC relapse (RR=1.02; 95% CI=0.85‐1.23). There was no benefit of probiotics in inducing remission of active CD, in preventing relapse of quiescent CD, or in preventing relapse of CD after surgically induced remission.

Conclusions

VSL#3 may be effective in inducing remission in active UC. Probiotics may be as effective as 5‐ASAs in preventing relapse of quiescent UC. The efficacy of probiotics in CD remains uncertain, and more evidence from RCTs is required before their utility is known.
A life course approach to the field and fieldwork
Authors: Wimark Thomas , Lewis Nathaniel M , Caretta Martina A
Published: June 2017

Life course scholars have theorised the relationship between individual life trajectories and geographic phenomena such as migration, partnering, reproduction and locational choice. They have engaged less frequently with the politics of fieldwork or the interrelationship of the life course and the field. Feminist geographers, in contrast, have made significant interventions into the social dynamics of fieldwork (e.g. relationships between researchers and participants), but less so on the life trajectories that precede and follow the fieldwork encounter. This special section thus contributes to both life course geographies and ongoing feminist interventions into the fieldwork process. In understanding fieldwork experiences through a life course approach, the contributors to this special section simultaneously deepen and systematise much of feminist geographic research on fieldwork. Their work highlights how life events and turning points, including those before, during and beyond fieldwork, can profoundly change – or be changed by – research experiences and outcomes. They also reveal how the trajectories of researchers, participants and the field itself become interconnected within specific historical times and contexts.
Multiple Phenotype Association Tests Using Summary Statistics in Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Lin Xihong
Published: June 2017

We study in this article jointly testing the associations of a genetic variant with correlated multiple phenotypes using the summary statistics of individual phenotype analysis from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs). We estimated the between-phenotype correlation matrix using the summary statistics of individual phenotype GWAS analyses, and developed genetic association tests for multiple phenotypes by accounting for between-phenotype correlation without the need to access individual-level data. Since genetic variants often affect multiple phenotypes differently across the genome and the between-phenotype correlation can be arbitrary, we proposed robust and powerful multiple phenotype testing procedures by jointly testing a common mean and a variance component in linear mixed models for summary statistics. We computed the p-values of the proposed tests analytically. This computational advantage makes our methods practically appealing in large-scale GWASs. We performed simulation studies to show that the proposed tests maintained correct type I error rates, and to compare their powers in various settings with the existing methods. We applied the proposed tests to a GWAS Global Lipids Genetics Consortium summary statistics data set and identified additional genetic variants that were missed by the original single-trait analysis.
Evaluating Principal Surrogate Markers in Vaccine Trials in the Presence of Multiphase Sampling
Authors: Huang Ying
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-induced immune responses as principal surrogate markers for predicting a given vaccine's effect on the clinical endpoint of interest. To address the problem of missing potential outcomes under the principal surrogate framework, we can utilize baseline predictors of the immune biomarker(s) or vaccinate uninfected placebo recipients at the end of the trial and measure their immune biomarkers. Examples of good baseline predictors are baseline immune responses when subjects enrolled in the trial have been previously exposed to the same antigen, as in our motivating application of the Zostavax Efficacy and Safety Trial (ZEST). However, laboratory assays of these baseline predictors are expensive and therefore their subsampling among participants is commonly performed. In this article, we develop a methodology for estimating principal surrogate values in the presence of baseline predictor subsampling. Under a multiphase sampling framework, we propose a semiparametric pseudo-score estimator based on conditional likelihood and also develop several alternative semiparametric pseudo-score or estimated likelihood estimators. We derive corresponding asymptotic theories and analytic variance formulas for these estimators. Through extensive numeric studies, we demonstrate good finite sample performance of these estimators and the efficiency advantage of the proposed pseudo-score estimator in various sampling schemes. We illustrate the application of our proposed estimators using data from an immune biomarker study nested within the ZEST trial.
Governance in Canadian Agriculture
Authors: Hedley Douglas D.
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses three broad topics in the development of agricultural and food policies in Canada over the past 150 years. They provide the historical backdrop for these policies in place today and the contorted path they have followed over the years. In some cases, the causes lie outside of agriculture and food, and outside of Canada while in others, the causes lie entirely within the constitutional framework for the agriculture and food industry. The first issue explores the changes in the federal–provincial–territorial relationship in policy constructs for agriculture. Equally, the internal trade arrangements within Canada are explored from this aspect. Tracing the origins of this issue requires exploration of the history, design, and interpretation of the Canadian constitution. The second issue traces the changing role of government in society and the economy and its impact on agriculture and food policy. These changes are not specific to Canada since several countries and international relationships were based on the evolving role of government in the economy and society and its implications for agriculture policy and institutions. The third topic discusses the role that trade and trade agreements have made in Canada's approach to agricultural and food policy development. The emphasis in this topic is on the policies of the past 30 or more years as international agreements began the slow process of liberalizing trade in agriculture and food products. All three of these broad topics are closely linked, providing a mosaic for the understanding of where we have been as a nation and the framework that has emerged today for the agriculture and food industry.
Assessing Equity in Protected Area Governance: Approaches to Promote Just and Effective Conservation
Authors: Dawson Neil , Martin Adrian , Danielsen Finn
Published: June 2017

With the inclusion of equity concerns in Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, equitable management has become an important objective for the world's protected areas. The way equity is defined and operationalized influences whether this strategic shift can help identify pathways commensurate with conservation effectiveness. We examined equity around a protected area in Laos, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the three dimensions of procedure, recognition, and distribution. Local understandings of equity depended on discrete, evolving issues, with attention to informal decision making and dynamic values required to uncover suitable solutions. We show that equity definitions focused on material distribution and assessments reliant on standardized indicators may result in inadequate responses that sustain local perceptions of inequitable management and miss opportunities for effective conservation. Equity should be considered a management goal to continually adapt toward, informed by stakeholder dialogue.
Face à un marché du travail saturé: les compétences qui protègent
Authors: HUMBURG Martin , de GRIP Andries , van der VELDEN Rolf
Published: June 2017

Les auteurs s'intéressent aux situations de surqualification et de chômage chez les jeunes diplômés du supérieur dans dix‐sept pays européens en analysant le rôle à cet égard des compétences ≪spécialisées≫ et des compétences ≪universitaires de base≫. Conformément à la thèse de l'éviction, les compétences spécialisées protègent davantage de la surqualification quand la surabondance de main‐d'œuvre s'accroît dans le secteur professionnel lié à la spécialisation du diplômé, et les compétences de base davantage si c'est sur le marché du travail général que cet excédent se renforce. En outre, si les compétences spécialisées protègent du chômage, les compétences de base restent sans effet sur ce risque.
Desajuste de calificación horizontal y vertical según los países y las carreras estudiadas
Authors: VERHAEST Dieter , SELLAMI Sana , van der VELDEN Rolf
Published: June 2017

Con datos de los inicios profesionales de titulados universitarios europeos y japoneses, se investiga el papel de las instituciones y los desequilibrios del mercado laboral en el desajuste vertical, horizontal y total de las calificaciones. El horizontal resulta menor en países con mucha protección del empleo, mejores subsidios de desempleo y programas educativos selectivos. Las diferencias entre países en cuanto al vertical se explican por los desequilibrios del mercado laboral. Estas variables afectan también al desajuste total, que además correlaciona positivamente con la cobertura de la negociación colectiva. Las diferencias según la carrera estudiada tienen que ver con las características de los currículos y también con los desequilibrios del mercado.
La sobrecalificación y sus repercusiones salariales en puestos de baja calificación. Evidencia del Irán
Authors: HADDAD Gholamreza Keshavarz , HABIBI Nader
Published: June 2017

Con microdatos de la Encuesta de ingresos y gastos de los hogares del Irán, los autores investigan la incidencia de la sobrecalificación en 2001–2012 y observan que la proporción de trabajadores con educación postsecundaria aumentó de forma constante en muchos puestos que no la requerían. Su análisis econométrico muestra que la probabilidad de sobrecalificación era mayor para las mujeres que para los hombres y guardaba una fuerte correlación negativa con la experiencia laboral. Otras pruebas econométricas revelan su impacto negativo en los salarios en el sector privado, pero positivo en el sector público.
Determinantes de las oportunidades laborales de los titulados universitarios y de sus salarios iniciales en China
Authors: KONG Jun
Published: June 2017

A partir de una muestra de recién graduados del área de Beijing, se examinan cómo afectan a las perspectivas de empleo y a los salarios iniciales el prestigio de la universidad (como ≪señal≫ de competencia y calificación), la especialidad y el sexo. Las estimaciones con un modelo paramétrico de supervivencia y un modelo de selección de Heckman muestran que los graduados de universidades prestigiosas encuentran trabajo más rápidamente y reciben salarios iniciales más altos que los de otras universidades, así como los graduados en ingeniería y empresariales, mientras que los de humanidades y ciencias sociales obtienen salarios iniciales más altos. Las mujeres encuentran trabajo más rápido, pero ganan menos que los hombres.
Peninsula effect and species richness gradient in terrestrial mammals on the Korean Peninsula and other peninsulas
Authors: Jo Yeong‐Seok , Stevens Richard D. , Baccus John T.
Published: June 2017

Although the original concept of the peninsula effect was that fewer mammal species inhabited peninsulas than were found on the adjacent mainland, biogeographers have focused their attention on species richness gradients that bisect the long axes of peninsulas, instead of on the original concept. We evaluated the evidence for the peninsula effect, by comparing the richness of terrestrial mammal species on the Korean Peninsula with richness on mainland areas, and by investigating species richness gradients on 14 other peninsulas distributed globally.

Our objectives were to: (1) demonstrate the existence of the peninsula effect, by comparing species richness on the Korean Peninsula with that on continental mainland areas of the same size and shape; and (2) test whether a declining gradient in species richness towards the tip represents a universal tendency associated with peninsulas, by investigating the species richness of 14 global peninsulas.

We used the International Union for Conservation of Nature's spatial datasets of terrestrial mammals and the WorldClim climate dataset to create 1000 Korean Peninsula‐shaped polygons, and randomly placed them in continental areas. We recorded the number of mammalian species and mean annual temperature and precipitation for each polygon, and used these as variables in a linear regression model. We counted the number of mammal species along the central line of 14 peninsulas over 50000 km2 in size.

Although the entire Korean Peninsula did not exhibit a significant peninsula effect (P = 0.1), South Korea did (P < 0.05) after controlling for temperature and precipitation. Fewer mammal species were found in South Korea than on similar continental areas.

We modelled the general pattern of decline in species richness of mammals along 14 peninsulas (β  =  ‐3.63, P < 0.001). In 10 peninsulas, a negative relationship existed between species richness and the distance from the mainland boundary; in four peninsulas, this relationship was positive. Isolated peninsulas without ‘stepping stone’ islands exhibited the strongest declines in mammalian species richness.

Our results on the Korean Peninsula and declining patterns of species richness in 14 global peninsulas illustrate that the peninsula effect can be revealed with careful analyses, and may indicate effects on biogeography and biodiversity.
Form and Repetition: Deleuze, Guillaume and Sonata Theory
Authors: WALTHAM‐SMITH NAOMI
Published: June 2017

This article proposes an alternative way to think about the process of expositional closure. The recent resurgence ofFormenlehrehas given rise to a dispute about the correlation between expositional closure and the sequence of local perfect authentic cadences in the second group. Noting that the two sides of the debate produce opposing representations of the temporality of listening, I draw upon philosophical and linguistic models of actualisation to theorise the way in which expositional closure is realised across the second group. To this end, I focus on the refrain cadences in the first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in C minor, K. 491, which, as a means of deferring expositional closure, sit uneasily alongside other strategies of thematic loosening and cadential liquidation. The idea of the refrain leads me to Gilles Deleuze's theory of repetition and from there, via the notion oftemps impliqué, to Gustave Guillaume's system of verb formation – both of which problematise the passage from potentiality to actuality, isolating a dimension of contingency as that which may or may not come to pass.
Vase‐shaped microfossils from the Tonian Callison Lake Formation of Yukon, Canada: taxonomy, taphonomy and stratigraphic palaeobiology
Authors: Cohen Phoebe A. , Irvine Spencer W. , Strauss Justin V.
Published: June 2017

Vase‐shaped microfossils (VSMs), interpreted as the remains of testate amoebae, are found in late Tonian sedimentary rocks around the world. Here we explore the taxonomy, taphonomy and stratigraphical occurrence of VSMs from the Callison Lake Formation of the Coal Creek inlier, Yukon, Canada. Found in silicified black shale horizons and stromatolitic dolostone, sedimentological data suggest these VSMs inhabited a series of marine embayments characterized by lagoonal and/or shelf interior depositional environments. The fossiliferous strata have recently been dated with Re–Os geochronology at c. 753–740 Ma, which indicates they are not only coeval with diverse VSM assemblages described in the Chuar Group of Grand Canyon, Arizona, but also provides supportive evidence for the early diversification of eukaryotic clades prior to the Sturtian age Snowball Earth event (c. 717–660 Ma). Petrographic examination of well‐preserved specimens reveal taxa comparable to those from the Chuar Group, as well as two previously undescribed species. Species overlapping with Chuar Group VSMs are Bonniea dacruchares, Bonniea pytinaia, Cycliocyrillium simplex, Cycliocyrillium torquata, Melanocyrillium hexodiadema and Palaeoarcella athanata. New taxa described here are Bonniea makrokurtos and Cycliocyrillium rootsi. Energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopic data reveal that the Callison Lake microfossils are preserved through a variety of taphonomic pathways, including silicification, infilling, authigenic mineralization and dolomitization. We explore the utility of M. hexodiadema as a latest Tonian biostratigraphical marker and examine the role of Callison Lake sequence stratigraphy as a control on the distribution and abundance of VSMs in the Coal Creek inlier and other global sedimentary successions.
Integration of SSC TerraSAR‐X Images into Multisource Rapid Mapping
Authors: Vassilaki Dimitra I. , Stamos Athanassios A. , Ioannidis Charalabos
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a global automatic process for the integration of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with rapid mapping for crisis management. The process consists of methods for the rapid geometric correction of slant‐range TerraSAR‐X images, and the geometric co‐registration and radiometric merging of SAR data with satellite optical images using global digital elevation models (DEMs) and geoid models. The process is invariant to both radiometry and geometry, and is applied to high‐resolution Single‐look Slant‐range Complex (SSC) TerraSAR‐X images over suburban and rural areas.
Environmental risk modelling and potential sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chitral district: a leishmanial focal point of mount Tirich Mir, Pakistan
Authors: Zaidi Farrah , Fatima Syeda Hira , Jan Tehmina , Fatima Mehreen , Ali Asad , Khisroon Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Rasheed Syed Basit
Published: June 2017

Objective

To provide baseline information about suspected vectors and the incidence, distribution and an active zone of transmission for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Chitral, Pakistan, using GIS tools; and to investigate the role of environmental factors in the disease dynamics.

Method

Two surveys in 2014 and 2016 as a basis for choropleth and environmental risk mapping.

Results

A total of 769 captured specimens yielded 14 Phlebotomus and six Sergentomyia species including two potential vectors of CL, i.e. Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti. P. papatasi (71%) was dominant, followed by P. sergenti (18%). A choropleth map generated in Arcmap 10.1 based on 1560 CL case reports displayed maximum prevalence (0.92–2.5%) in Ayun, Broz, Charun, Chitral 1 and 2 and Darosh 1 and 2 union councils. An environmental risk map constructed by MaxEnt 3.3.3 defined an active zone of transmission based on leishmaniasis occurrence records (n = 315). The analysis of variable contribution in MaxEnt indicates significance of elevation (54.4%), population density (23.3%) and land use/land cover (6.6%) in CL disease dynamics.

Conclusion

The probability of CL increases (0.6–1 on logistic scale) in severely deforested areas, in lowland valleys and in regions with high‐population density.
Comparison of biosimilar filgrastim, originator filgrastim, and lenograstim for autologous stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Lisenko Katharina , Baertsch Marc‐Andrea , Meiser Renate , Pavel Petra , Bruckner Thomas , Kriegsmann Mark , Schmitt Anita , Witzens‐Harig Mathias , Ho Anthony D. , Hillengass Jens , Wuchter Patrick
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) originators such as filgrastim (Neupogen) and lenograstim (Granocyte) are widely used for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. In recent years, biosimilar agents have been approved for the same indications. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the mobilization efficiency of the three G‐CSF variants originator filgrastim, lenograstim, and the biosimilar Filgrastim Hexal in a homogeneous group of multiple myeloma (MM) patients in first‐line therapy.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Overall mobilization data of 250 patients with MM were included. Of these patients, 74 (30%), 131 (52%), and 45 (18%) were mobilized with originator filgrastim, biosimilar Filgrastim Hexal, or lenograstim, respectively, at a dose of 5 to 10 µg/kg body weight subcutaneously starting from Day 5 after chemomobilization with CAD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) until completion of PBSC collection.

RESULTS

All but one patient reached the collection goal of a minimum of at least 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight during a median of one (range, one to three) leukapheresis session. No significant differences in CD34+ mobilization and collection yields between the filgrastim‐mobilized (median, 10.5; range, 2.7‐40.4), Filgrastim Hexal–mobilized (median, 9.9; range, 0.2‐26.0), and lenograstim‐mobilized (median, 10.7; range, 3.1‐27.9 CD34+ cells × 106/kg body weight) patients were observed.

CONCLUSION

Concerning the clinically relevant efficiencies of PBSC mobilization and in terms of reaching the individual collection target, this retrospective study did not detect any significant differences between the three G‐CSF variants in the analyzed patient cohort.
Hopf Bifurcation Control for Rolling Mill Multiple-Mode-Coupling Vibration Under Nonlinear Friction
Authors: Zeng Lingqiang , Zang Yong , Gao Zhiying
Published: June 2017

Rolling mill system may lose its stability due to the change of lubrication conditions. Based on the rolling mill vertical–torsional–horizontal coupled dynamic model with nonlinear friction considered, the system stability domain is analyzed by Hopf bifurcation algebraic criterion. Subsequently, the Hopf bifurcation types at different bifurcation points are judged. In order to restrain the instability oscillation induced by the system Hopf bifurcation, a linear and nonlinear feedback controller is constructed, in which the uncoiling speed of the uncoiler is selected as the control variable, and variations of tensions at entry and exit as well as system vibration responses are chosen as feedback variables. On this basis, the linear control of the controller is studied using the Hopf bifurcation algebraic criterion. And the nonlinear control of the controller is studied according to the center manifold theorem and the normal form theory. The results show that the system stability domain can be expanded by reducing the linear gain coefficient. Through choosing an appropriate nonlinear gain coefficient, the occurring of the system subcritical bifurcation can be suppressed. And system vibration amplitudes reduce as the increase of the nonlinear gain coefficient. Therefore, introducing the linear and nonlinear feedback controller into the system can improve system dynamic characteristics significantly. The production efficiency and the product quality can be guaranteed as well.
Overview of Human Thermal Responses to Warm Surfaces of Electronic Devices
Authors: Zhang Han , Hedge Alan
Published: June 2017

Literature was reviewed and summarized on a few topics including: existing standards about the limits of devices' surface temperature, recent studies on the devices that caused discomfort and skin damage, human thermal sensation thresholds, the factors that affect thermal sensation, and the subjective ratings in the studies of thermal sensation. At the end, recent research on human subjective and objective testing was also summarized. The purpose of the review is to give an overview of cutaneous human thermal sensation and comfort, and how they are affected by the surface temperature of electronic devices.