bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Selection of Potential Starters of Bacillus Sp. Involved in the Fermentation of Néré Seeds (Parkia biglobosa) in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: KOUAME Maimouna L. , Yao Wilfried K. , SOUMAHORO Souleymane , SANOGO Anou S. , TOURE Abdoulaye , SORO Yadé R.
Published: November 2024

Aims: The present study highlights about Bacillus sp. starter strains to control fermentation of Parkia biglobosa (néré) seeds.
Place and Duration of Study: Between February and August 2023, this work was performed at Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Valorization of Agroresources, of the Agropastoral Management Institute, which is part of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University (Korhogo, Côte d'ivoire).
Methodology: Fermented néré seeds were collected from soumbara producers in the Korhogo region in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Néré seeds were subjected to a physicochemical analysis to determine the pH, titrable acidity, moisture, dry matter and ash content. These fermented seeds were used for the isolation and enumeration of Bacillus bacteria. Production of extracellular enzymes and the influence of stress conditions were carried out on these strains to select potential starters.
Results: The study of the physicochemical analysis of fermented néré seeds showed that these seeds have a pH of 6.59 ± 0.04, close to neutrality, with a very low titrable acidity of 0.06 ± 0.00%. The moisture content of the néré seeds is 38.76 ± 0.13% with a high dry matter content of 61.24 ± 0.22% coupled with a low ash content of 3.18 ± 0.05%. Thirty-three (33) Gram-positive bacilli were isolated from néré seeds with a microbial load of 7.1 log10 cfu/g. The production of extracellular enzymes and the influence of stress conditions led to the selection of five Bacillus strains (BS 08, BS 14, BS 19, BS 22 and BS 31) as potential starters.
Conclusion: The control of the fermentation of néré seeds involves selecting strains with the best potential. Thus, five Bacillus sp. Isolates (BS 08, BS 14, BS 19, BS 22 and BS 31) were selected as potential starters for obtaining a soumbara of exceptional nutritional and organoleptic quality.
Effect of Socio-demographic Factors and Comorbidities on Schizophrenia Patients Adherence to Treatment in a Primary Care Unit
Authors: Vazquez-Martinez Alicia , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel , Brito-Aranda Leticia , Melgarejo-Estefan Emmanuel , Castro-Diaz Alaina Mariana , Beltran-Lagunes Luis , Espinoza-Perdomo Abraham , Ham-Olvera Maria del Carmen , Cruz-Aviles Edgar , Flores-Morales Guadalupe Jacqueline , Jimenez-Hernandez Rocio Liliana
Published: November 2024

Aims: Understanding the characteristics of schizophrenia patients who adhere to treatment, in the primary care setting. Identifying socio-demographic factors and comorbidities is crucial for tailoring personalized interventions, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.
Place and Duration of Study: Ambulatory Care Medical Unit. It was conducted with Mexican patients attending the Family Medicine Specialityoutpatient consultation at the Family Medicine Clinic “División del Norte”, in Mexico City, from July 1st 2023 to January 31st,2024.
Methodology: Data on adherence were collected through a prolective design using the Morisky Scale test and a structured survey on psychological adherence. Data on sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities were collected from the SIMEF system.
Results: We included 50 schizophrenia patients. Eighty per cent of patients adhered to pharmacological treatment, and 96% to psychological therapy. Adherent patients were predominantly older males with comorbidities like hyperlipidaemia and diabetes. Non-adherent patients, mostly male and younger, were more likely to suffer from depression and were geographically concentrated in specific neighbourhoods.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve adherence, offering insights to enhance schizophrenia management in primary care settings.
Exploring the Impact of Food Labels on Consumer Purchasing Decisions: A Study on Awareness and Preferences
Authors: V Krishnaraj , C Anitha , Begum Khyrunnisa
Published: November 2024

Food labels are an excellent avenue of communication. The food package has assumed the responsibility of communicating relevant information that consumers need to know about the product. The objectives of this study was to understand the impact of food labels on consumer purchasing decisions and also to understand the impact of Demographic variables on awareness and Preference level about Food labels among women consumer in Mysore urban. A total of 200 Housewives between age group of 25-45 years from the residential areas of Mysore Urban and who gave consent to participate in the study were included. The research was based on survey using standardized questionnaire and personal interview. The results showed that 33 percent of the respondents were graduates and 63.5 percent were housewives. The awareness about food labels and the attitude of reading labels was studied and the results were encouraging to note that the entire respondent practiced to read the label information. 70-74 percent of the respondents believed that the label information ascertained the safety of the food for used. There was a positive correlation between the Respondents’ score and preference score towards food labels and consumer purchasing decisions. It was evident that demographic profile of the consumers has an impact on the awareness of food label and consumer purchasing decision. It was found (Table 4) that subjects Awareness score positively correlated with attitude score towards food labels (r = 0.7825) and similarly Awareness score was also positively correlated with Preference of the same (r = 0.9704). The results also showed that Attitude and Preference for making purchasing decision had a significant correlation with each other (r= 0.8913). It can be concluded that many demographic factors such as age, occupation, family income and food habits had impact on decision making for purchasing the food products. This results of the present study highlight the needs to improve food labeling, provide education to consumers to raise their awareness on importance of reading and use of food labeling information to make an informed choice of the food.
Auto‐Tandem Catalysis with Ruthenium: From o‐Aminobenzamides and Allylic Alcohols to Quinazolinones via Redox Isomerization/Acceptorless Dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Meng Chong , Liu Yan , Tang Yawen , Li Feng
Published: July 2018

A strategy for the synthesis of quinazolinones via Ru‐catalyzed redox isomerization/acceptorless dehydrogenation was proposed and accomplished. In the presence of a commercially available [(p‐cymene)Cl2]2, a range of desirable products were obtained with o‐aminobenzamides and allylic alcohols as starting materials in moderate to high yields. This strategy is attractive due to high atom efficiency, and minimal consumption of chemicals and energy.

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Reliable Ge2Sb2Te5‐Integrated High‐Density Nanoscale Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory using Facile Nitrogen‐Doping Strategy
Authors: Raeis‐Hosseini Niloufar , Lim Seokjae , Hwang Hyunsang , Rho Junsuk
Published: July 2018

Conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) is a possible replacement for static field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based on random‐access memory. Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is used in CBRAMs as a solid electrolyte due to its high diffusion properties of active ions and scalability to obtain high‐density memory devices. Here, the trade‐off between high memory window and uniformity of CBRAM based on GST is solved by introducing N atoms into the SE. Nitrogen‐incorporated GST film (N‐GST) is proposed as a replacement for the current GST‐based CBRAMs with improved performance and better opportunities for conventional FPGA technologies. A bidirectional polarity‐dependent characteristic with high ION/IOFF ratio and satisfactory operation voltage is achieved by using N‐GST thin film in a programmable metallization cell (PMC). Integration of N atoms in the GST‐based PMC with a simple structure of Ag/ N‐GST /Pt increases the resistance ratio more than 100 times compared to an undoped one. Consistent data retention is attained in both resistance states for ≥3.5 × 104 s at temperature up to 85 °C.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00261 regulates endometrial carcinoma progression by modulating miRNA/FOXO1 expression
Authors: Fang Qianjin , Sang Lin , Du Shihua
Published: July 2018

Long noncoding RNA LINC00261 was reported to be downregulated in multiple cancers. LINC00261 overexpression inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. But the expression and function of LIN00261 in endometrial carcinoma are still elusive. We found that LINC00261 mRNA levels were downregulated in endometrial carcinoma, and LINC00261 overexpression inhibited endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miRNAs, including miR‐182, miR‐183, miR‐153, miR‐27a, and miR‐96, were predicted to bind LINC00261 and FOXO1, and functioned to attenuate expression of LINC00261 and FOXO1. Overexpressed LINC00261 lowered these dissociative miRNAs, resulting in increase of FOXO1 protein levels. The knockdown of FOXO1 eliminated the suppression effect of overexpressed LINC00261 on endometrial carcinoma cell aggressiveness. LINC00261 promotes FOXO1 expression through reducing FOXO1‐targeted miRNAs to suppress endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Significance of the study

LINC00261 is downregulated in endometrial carcinoma and associated with metastasis of this cancer. LINC00261 elevates FOXO1 protein levels through reducing FOXO1‐targeted miRNAs to suppress endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Pseudotumor complicating a well‐fixed ceramic‐on‐polyethylene total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Serrano Pedro M. , Rodrigues Cláudia , S. Silva Marta , Coelho Rafaela , Cardoso Pedro , Oliveira Vânia
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

A suspicious area surrounding hardware components, usually following arthroplasty, should raise awareness to a possible particle related disease. Even in the presence of confusing or less typical symptoms, clinicians and surgeons must join efforts to diagnose and treat the patient effectively and in the appropriate time.
The Reaction Kinetics of Gaseous Alkali Capture by Kaolin in Syngas Atmosphere
Authors: Kerscher Florian , Stetka Markus , Spliethoff Hartmut
Published: July 2018

Alumosilicate minerals are suitable sorbents at high temperatures for removing alkalis in syngas. Thermogravimetric investigations of these sorbents usually focus on the reaction mechanisms. Herein, a crucible arrangement is described that allows evaporation of the alkali source and sorption of gaseous alkali components in one temperature zone. With this experimental setup, kinetic investigations of alkali sorption are possible in a conventional thermobalance. Experiments were performed with sodium chloride as the alkali source and kaolin as the getter material. The reaction rate increased with alkali concentration and showed an exponential dependence on temperature. Thus, the Arrhenius model approach and power law model were selected for mathematical description.
Monomeric Rare‐Earth Metal Silyl‐Thiophosphinoyl‐Alkylidene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Wang Chen , Mao Weiqing , Xiang Li , Yang Yan , Fang Jian , Maron Laurent , Leng Xuebing , Chen Yaofeng
Published: July 2018

A series of monomeric rare‐earth metal silyl‐thiophosphinoyl‐alkylidene complexes [LLn{C(SiR3)PPh2S}] (5: Ln=Lu, R=Me; 6: Ln=Lu, R=Ph; 7: Ln=Y, R=Me; 8: Ln=Y, R=Ph; 9: Ln=Sm, R=Ph; 10: Ln=Sm, R=Me; 11: Ln=La, R=Ph; L=[MeC(NDIPP)CHC(Me)(NCH2CH2N(Me)2)]−, DIPP=2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The influences of rare‐earth metal ions, ancillary ligands, and alkylidene groups on the reactivity of complexes 5–11 and the related scandium complexes [LSc{C(SiR3)PPh2S}] (1: R=Me; 2: R=Ph) and [L′Sc{C(SiR3)PPh2S}] (3: R=Me; 4: R=Ph; L′=[MeC(NDIPP)CHC(Me)(NCH2CH2N(iPr)2)]−) have been studied. Reactions of these rare‐earth metal alkylidene complexes with PhCN give four kinds of products, the formation of which is dependent on the rare‐earth metal ions, ancillary ligands, and alkylidene groups of the complexes. In the reactions with tBuNC, unusual C−P bond cleavage of the alkylidene group and C≡C triple bond formation occur. Complexes 10 and 11 also react with PhSiH3 to form hydrides, which subsequently undergo Ln−H addition to the C=N bond of the ancillary ligand L. DFT calculations have been used to analyze the bonding in complex 10, which exhibits a polarized three centers Sm−C−P π interaction, and to rationalize the reactivity by computing reaction mechanisms. The difference in reactivity of PhCN and tBuNC is due to the electron density delocalization that is enabled by the phenyl group rather than the tBu group.
APC2 associates with the actin cortex through a multipart mechanism to regulate cortical actin organization and dynamics in the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Molinar‐Inglis Olivia , Oliver Stacie L. , Rudich Paige , Kunttas Ezgi , McCartney Brooke M.
Published: July 2018

The actin cortex that lines the plasma membrane of most eukaryotic cells resists external mechanical forces and plays critical roles in a variety of cellular processes including morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell migration. Despite its ubiquity and significance, we understand relatively little about the composition, dynamics, and structure of the actin cortex. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) proteins regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons through a variety of mechanisms, and in some contexts, APC proteins are cortically enriched. Here we show that APC2 regulates cortical actin dynamics in the follicular epithelium and the nurse cells of the Drosophila ovary and in addition affects the distribution of cortical actin at the apical side of the follicular epithelium. To understand how APC2 influences these properties of the actin cortex, we investigated the mechanisms controlling the cortical localization of APC2 in S2 cultured cells. We previously showed that the N‐terminal half of APC2 containing the Armadillo repeats and the C‐terminal 30 amino acids (C30) are together necessary and sufficient for APC2's cortical localization. Our work presented here supports a model that cortical localization of APC2 is governed in part by self‐association through the N‐terminal APC Self‐Association Domain (ASAD) and a highly conserved coiled‐coil within the C30 domain.
Bedrock fracture influences on geomorphic process and form across process domains and scales
Authors: Scott Daniel N. , Wohl Ellen E.
Published: July 2018

Fractures are discontinuities in rock that can be exploited by erosion. Fractures regulate cohesion, profoundly affecting the rate, style, and location of Earth surface processes. By modulating the spatial distribution of erodibility, fractures can focus erosion and set the shape of features from scales of fluvial bedforms to entire landscapes. Although early investigation focused on fractures as features that influence the orientation and location of landforms, recent work has started to discern the mechanisms by which fractures influence the erodibility of bedrock. As numerical modeling and field measurement techniques improve, it is rapidly becoming feasible to determine how fractures influence geomorphic processes, as opposed to when or where. However, progress is hampered by a lack of research coordination across scales and process domains. We review studies from hillslope, glacial, fluvial, and coastal domains from the scale of reaches and outcrops to entire landscapes. We then synthesize this work to highlight similarities across domains and scales and suggest knowledge gaps, opportunities, and methodological challenges that need to be solved. By integrating knowledge across domains and scales, we present a more holistic conceptualization of fracture influences on geomorphic processes. This conceptualization enables a more unified framework for future investigation into fracture influences on Earth surface dynamics. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A translational analysis of ABA and ABC renewal of operant behavior
Authors: Liddon Clare J. , Kelley Michael E. , Rey Catalina N. , Liggett Ashley P. , Ribeiro Aurelia
Published: July 2018

Following reduction, behavior may recur when organisms are exposed to new or different environments. Such recurrences, called treatment relapse, are characterized by an increase of a previously reduced behavior. Renewal is a type of treatment relapse resulting from changes in stimulus contexts despite the ongoing maintenance of treatment. Renewal types include varying arrangements, such as ABA and ABC renewal, where each letter represents a different context. In the present series of translational analyses, we evaluated both ABA and ABC renewal and assessed whether these two renewal arrangements may be present in a single participant's behavior. Results produced evidence of both ABA and ABC renewal, and both types of renewal were detected in an individual participant's behavior.
Improved electrochemical performance of Zn–air secondary batteries via novel organic additives
Authors: Huang Mao‐Chia , Huang Shih‐Hsuan , Chiu Sheng‐Cheng , Hsueh Kan‐Lin , Chang Wen‐Sheng , Yang Chang‐Chung , Wu Ching‐Chen , Lin Jing‐Chie
Published: July 2018

In this study, we report the electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of Zn anodes in electrolytes (6.0 M KOH) with various additives, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), and tartaric acid. Data are given as Tafel plots, linear polarizations, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and charge–discharge test results. After the 1000th cycle of charge–discharge measurements, the morphologies of the Zn anodes in electrolytes with various additives were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of linear polarization show that the corrosion resistance was in the order EDTA > Tween 20 > tartaric acid > blank. Based on the SEM images, the prevention of dendrite formation followed the order EDTA > Tween 20 = tartaric acid > blank.
Microwave hydrogravity pretreatment of Sargassum muticum before solvent extraction of antioxidant and antiobesity compounds
Authors: Flórez‐Fernández Noelia , Casas María P , Jesús González‐Muñoz María , Domínguez Herminia
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) of Sargassum muticum was proposed both for obtaining an aqueous extract and as pretreatment before ethanol extraction of bioactives.

RESULTS

No significant differences in composition and properties between the aqueous phase drained during MHG processing at 600 W/7 min (MHG‐1) and at 600 W/5 min + 300 W/5 min (MHG‐2) were observed. The aqueous extract, accounting for less than 0.2% of the initial material, was refined by adsorption onto food grade resins to recover and concentrate the phenolic fraction, further eluted in 68% ethanol. The final product contained more than 50% phlorotannins and the antiradical capacity was higher than that of Trolox. Ethanolic extraction of the dried solids yielded 7% non‐volatile solubles, containing 5% phenolics and 1.2% fucoxanthin. After 12 months at room temperature in the dark, phenolic and fucoxanthin content, and antioxidant properties of the extracts were markedly reduced. The aqueous extracts from MHG‐2 and the ethanolic extracts from the dried solids showed inhibition of lipogenesis in 3TL1 cells when used at 100 µg mL−1.

CONCLUSION

MHG processing can be proposed both for the extraction of an aqueous fraction and for the conditioning of seaweed biomass before conventional solvent extraction of bioactives. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Competitive inhibition of cobalt uptake by zinc and manganese in a pacificProchlorococcusstrain: Insights into metal homeostasis in a streamlined oligotrophic cyanobacterium
Authors: Hawco Nicholas J. , Saito Mak A.
Published: July 2018

In order to satisfy metabolic requirements for growth, marine cyanobacteria such asProchlorococcusmust acquire cobalt from seawater and synthesize cobalamin cofactors. Through a series of experiments withProchlorococcusstrain MIT 9215 under cobalt limiting conditions, the mechanism ofProchlorococcus' cobalt uptake was investigated. Due to low quotas,ProchlorococcusMIT 9215 can maintain growth at extremely slow rates of cobalt uptake, circa 1 atom per cell per hour. Cobalt quotas were linearly related to the concentration of inorganic cobalt species, Co′, indicating that the metal binding sites on the transporter are strongly unsaturated with respect to cobalt. When limited by cobalt,Prochlorococcusgrowth rates decreased at high levels of both Zn and Mn, suggesting that both metals compete with cobalt for the same transporter. This effect was not observed under a wide range of Fe, Cu, and Ni concentrations, although the onset of exponential growth was delayed at high Ni. These observations agree with prior characterizations of the periplasmic manganese binding protein MntC, which is probably the main pathway for inorganic cobalt uptake and the locus for Mn and Zn competitive inhibition. The toxicity of zinc toward cobalt limitedProchlorococcusMIT 9215 contrasts with the observation of cobalt‐zinc substitution in eukaryotic phytoplankton and is expected to occur at environmentally relevant concentrations of free zinc and cobalt ions. Thus, the ecological success ofProchlorococcusin the modern ocean may depend on access to cobalt complexed by strong organic ligands that are not subject to competitive inhibition by other metals.
Electrochemical, surface analytical, and spectroscopic study of passive film and pits formation on food grade ferritic stainless steel AISI‐430 in aqueous acetic acid containing chloride ions
Authors: Mahato Neelima , Cho Moo Hwan , Singh M. M.
Published: July 2018

Pitting corrosion of food grade ferritic stainless steel AISI‐430 was studied in 20% aqueous acetic acid solution containing 0.5 M NaCl. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements at a slow scan rate reveal formation of metastable pits and repassivation. Surface analysis reveals remnants of the passive oxide layer adhered along the circumference of the pits, evidences of loss of microcrystallites, no significant loss in crystallinity during corrosion process and formation of mixed oxides of iron and chromium. The pitting of ferritic steel is an autocatalytic process, and the proposed mechanism suggests that both chloride and acetate ions play important role.
Adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of pyridine‐2‐aldehyde‐2‐quinolylhydrazone for Q235 steel in acid medium: Electrochemical, thermodynamic, and surface studies
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Hui‐Jing , Wang Yiwei , Liu Ying , Wu Yan‐Chao
Published: July 2018

A new organic compound pyridine‐2‐aldehyde‐2‐quinolylhydrazone (PAQ) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The inhibition effect of PAQ on the Q235 steel corrosion was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The inhibition mechanism was further studied in view of the effect of inhibitor concentration and temperature on the corrosion of steel. Polarization studies showed that the PAQ acted as a mixed‐type inhibitor. The adsorption of PAQ inhibitor on Q235 steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm and contains both physical and chemical type adsorptive. The formation and characteristic of protective layer on the steel surface were verified by surface analysis techniques (SEM, EDX, SECM).
A critical examination of corrosion rate measurement techniques applied to reinforcing steel in concrete
Authors: Fahim Andrew , Ghods Pouria , Isgor O. Burkan , Thomas Michael D.A.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an investigation of five corrosion‐monitoring techniques for reinforced concrete. The techniques studied are the potentiodynamic, galvanostatic, and coulostatic direct‐current techniques as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the connectionless electrical pulse response analysis (CEPRA) technique. The study included monitoring corrosion rates on reinforced concrete specimens with a range of admixed chloride percentages, cover depths, and rebar diameters for 8 months. After this period, the rebars were extracted for mass loss measurements to determine the average corrosion rates. EIS was found to provide accurate measurements of active and passive corrosion rates with a simplified spectrum‐analysis procedure. Galvanostatic and potentiodynamic techniques were able to measure the corrosion rates for actively corroding reinforcements accurately, while the coulostatic technique overestimated it. For passive reinforcements, the coulostatic technique provided reliable corrosion rate estimates, while the potentiodynamic technique provided a minor overestimation, due to the fast scan rate used, and the galvanostatic technique failed in detecting passivity, due to the short measurement duration and confinement failure. Finally, the CEPRA technique provided accurate corrosion rate predictions except for passive rebars with small diameters embedded in saturated concrete.
The effect of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Lauwers Eline , Ides Kris , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Verhulst Stijn
Published: July 2018

Background

Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is frequently used in clinical practice to enhance sputum evacuation and lung recruitment. However, the evidence in different respiratory pathologies, especially in children, is still lacking. This systematic review aims to enlist the effectiveness of IPV as an airway clearance technique in pediatric patients.

Data sources

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Study selection

Studies were included if the subjects suffered from a respiratory disease requiring airway clearance and the mean age of the sample was <18 years. After screening, nine articles remained for further analysis.

Results

Three of the nine articles examined patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). No significant differences in lung function or expectorated mucus were found compared to conventional chest physiotherapy. On the other hand, significant beneficial results were found for the treatment or prevention of atelectasis in non‐CF patients using IPV. Similar results were seen when comparing therapies for neuromuscular/neurological patients. One study found that IPV reduced hospital stay and improved the clinical status of children with acute bronchiolitis compared to no physiotherapy. Severe adverse events did not occur in the included studies.

Conclusion

A limited number of studies investigated IPV in the pediatric population. Despite the heterogeneity across the studies and the small sample sizes, the results seem promising. IPV is suggested to be a safe and effective alternative for airway clearance. Future research is required to confirm these results and to further analyze the possible benefits in different respiratory pathologies.
The development of a polypoid intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst in the bronchial lumen
Authors: Hotta Takamasa , Rong Sun , Tsubata Yukari , Taooka Yasuyuki , Kurimoto Noriaki , Isobe Takeshi
Published: July 2018

Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts are rare in adults and most are outside the trachea and bronchi. There are reports of clear link with the trachea, but the cyst itself occurs outside the trachea. Thus, bronchoscopy will not reveal the cause, which often leads to a diagnosis by surgical resection. We herein report an extremely rare case of an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst that was located entirely within the left main bronchial lumen. Bronchoscopy revealed a shiny and smooth surface mass with abundant blood vessels in the lumen that blocked the left main bronchus. The patient was successfully treated with bronchoscopic resection and remained stable at 16 months of follow‐up. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst located entirely within the bronchial lumen.
Design and Characterization of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Stabilized with Niobium Produced by Induction Melting at Open Atmosphere
Authors: Sanhueza J. P. , Montoya L. F. , Toledo E. , Alvarado M. I. , García J. , Prat O. , Meléndrez M. F. , Rojas D.
Published: July 2018

In this work, a Super Austenitic Stainless Steel is designed supported by Thermo‐Calc modeling and produced at open atmosphere induction furnace, based on 254SMO (UNSS31254). The technological challenge of this work is to prevent the sensitization of the alloy, due to its high C content (0.072%). The chemical composition includes 0.25%Nb and 2.2%Mn to stabilize the alloy and improve mechanical properties. Furthermore, two different types of solution annealing are performed in order to study the effect of the precipitates on the corrosion resistance (HD‐1120 °C and HD‐1180 °C). As main results, the microstructure of sample HD‐1180 °C shows an Austenitic matrix and, Nb‐MX and Z‐phase as secondary phases; whereas, sample HD‐1120 °C presents coarse Mo‐rich particles formed during solidification. The designed alloy SASS‐NbMn (HD‐1120 °C and HD‐1180 °C) shows slightly better mechanical properties than alloy 254SMO. In addition, the corrosion behavior of SASS‐NbMn is studied by cyclic polarization in 1M NaCl solution. Sample HD‐1120 °C shows poor pitting resistance due the presence of Mo‐rich particles generating Mo‐depleted zones. However, Sample HD‐1180 °C shows outstanding pitting resistance, even better than 254SMO. These promising results open the possibility to develop a new field of stabilized SASS, with comparable mechanical and corrosion properties, and lower cost than commercial SASS.
Synthesis of Cyclic Compounds via Photoinduced Radical Cyclization Cascade of C=C bonds
Authors: Zhao Yating , Lv Yanwen , Xia Wujiong
Published: July 2018

Cyclic compounds constitute a great important class of substances in the science of medicine and biology, which renders the research on facile and efficient construction of such complex scaffolds from simple starting materials to be hot and appealing. Recently, the radical cascade reaction involving multiple bond formation/cleavage has emerged as an ideal and powerful route to give high‐value cyclic products, along with diminished cost and waste. As a simple and benign methodology, photoredox catalysis offers a readily available access to the generation of radical species. Alkenes have been recognized as one of the most valuable building blocks for the reason they allow installation of different functional groups simultaneously through addition to the C=C bonds. This account summarizes the recent advances in photoinduced radical cascade cyclization to the synthesis of cyclic compounds with C=C bonds working as the initial radical acceptors, and emphasis is put on the related reaction mechanisms.
“And He Could Wear a Dress?”: A Preschool Transformative Book Conversation
Authors: Quast Erin
Published: July 2018

How might literature be shared with students for transformative purposes? Literature has the power to shape students’ worldviews through the exploration of diverse human experiences, but how students engage with diverse characters is important to reaching transformative goals. The author identified teachers’ pedagogical moves within a preschool conversation on gender around the picture bookMy Princess Boyby Cheryl Kilodavis. Noticing how gender normativity manifested in the classroom, teachers used the book to open the conversation on gender, honor students’ sensemaking, and complicate gender norms through responsive listening. Using examples of teacher–student interactions across the preschool book conversation, practical suggestions are provided for teachers to facilitate transformative dialogue when sharing diverse texts with young students.
Lepton-pair production in association with a $$ b\overline{b} $$ pair and the determination of the W boson mass
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Maltoni Fabio , Vicini Alessandro , Zaro Marco
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We perform a study of lepton-pair production in association with bottom quarks at the LHC based on the predictions obtained at next-to-leading order in QCD, both at fixed order and matched with a QCD parton shower. We consider a comprehensive set of observables and estimate the associated theoretical uncertainties by studying the dependence on the perturbative QCD scales (renormalisation, factorisation and shower) and by comparing different parton-shower models (Pythia8 and Herwig++) and matching schemes (MC@NLO and POWHEG). Based on these results, we propose a simple procedure to include bottom-quark effects in neutral-current Drell-Yan production, going beyond the standard massless approximation. Focusing on the inclusive lepton-pair transverse-momentum distribution

$$ {p}_{\perp}^{\ell^{+}\ell -} $$

p
⊥

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

, we quantify the impact of such effects on the tuning of the simulation of charged-current Drell-Yan observables and the W-boson mass determination.
Evaluating ‘elliptic’ master integrals at special kinematic values: using differential equations and their solutions via expansions near singular points
Authors: Lee Roman N. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

This is a sequel of our previous paper where we described an algorithm to find a solution of differential equations for master integrals in the form of an ϵ-expansion series with numerical coefficients. The algorithm is based on using generalized power series expansions near singular points of the differential system, solving difference equations for the corresponding coefficients in these expansions and using matching to connect series expansions at two neighboring points. Here we use our algorithm and the corresponding code for our example of four-loop generalized sunset diagrams with three massive and tw massless propagators, in order to obtain new analytical results. We analytically evaluate the master integrals at threshold, p
2 = 9m
2, in an expansion in ϵ up to ϵ
1. With the help of our code, we obtain numerical results for the threshold master integrals in an ϵ-expansion with the accuracy of 6000 digits and then use the PSLQ algorithm to arrive at analytical values. Our basis of constants is build from bases of multiple polylogarithm values at sixth roots of unity.
Can Chern-Simons or Rarita-Schwinger be a Volkov-Akulov Goldstone?
Authors: Bansal Sukruti , Sorokin Dmitri
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We study three-dimensional non-linear models of vector and vector-spinor Goldstone fields associated with the spontaneous breaking of certain higher-spin counterparts of supersymmetry whose Lagrangians are of a Volkov-Akulov type. Goldstone fields in these models transform non-linearly under the spontaneously broken rigid symmetries. We find that the leading term in the action of the vector Goldstone model is the Abelian Chern-Simons action whose gauge symmetry is broken by a quartic term. As a result, the model has a propagating degree of freedom which, in a decoupling limit, is a quartic Galileon scalar field. The vector-spinor goldstino model turns out to be a non-linear generalization of the three-dimensional Rarita-Schwinger action. In contrast to the vector Goldstone case, this non-linear model retains the gauge symmetry of the Rarita-Schwinger action and eventually reduces to the latter by a non-linear field redefinition. We thus find that the free Rarita-Schwinger action is invariant under a hidden rigid super-symmetry generated by fermionic vector-spinor operators and acting non-linearly on the Rarita-Schwinger goldstino.
Index theorems and domain walls
Authors: Vassilevich Dmitri
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The Atiyah-Patodi-Singer (APS) index theorem relates the index of a Dirac operator to an integral of the Pontryagin density in the bulk (which is equal to global chiral anomaly) and an η invariant on the boundary (which defines the parity anomaly). We show that the APS index theorem holds for configurations with domain walls that are defined as surfaces where background gauge fields have discontinuities.
Moduli anomalies and local terms in the operator product expansion
Authors: Schwimmer Adam , Theisen Stefan
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Local terms in the Operator Product Expansion in Superconformal Theories with extended supersymmetry are identified. Assuming a factorized structure for these terms their contributions are discussed.
Bootstrapping holographic warped CFTs or: how I learned to stop worrying and tolerate negative norms
Authors: Apolo Luis , Song Wei
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We use modular invariance to derive constraints on the spectrum of warped conformal field theories (WCFTs) — nonrelativistic quantum field theories described by a chiral Virasoro and U(1) Kac-Moody algebra. We focus on holographic WCFTs and interpret our results in the simplest holographic set up: three dimensional gravity with Compère-Song-Strominger boundary conditions. Holographic WCFTs feature a negative U(1) level that is responsible for negative norm descendant states. Despite the violation of unitarity we show that the modular bootstrap is still viable provided the (Virasoro-Kac-Moody) primaries carry positive norm. In particular, we show that holographic WCFTs must feature either primary states with negative norm or states with imaginary U(1) charge, the latter of which have a natural holographic interpretation. For large central charge and arbitrary level, we show that the first excited primary state in any WCFT satisfies the Hellerman bound. Moreover, when the level is positive we point out that known bounds for CFTs with internal U(1) symmetries readily apply to unitary WCFTs.
General continuum clockwork
Authors: Choi Kiwoon , Im Sang Hui , Shin Chang Sub
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The continuum clockwork is an extra-dimensional set-up to realize certain features of the clockwork mechanism generating exponentially suppressed or hierarchical couplings of light particles. We study the continuum clockwork in a general scheme in which large volume, warped geometry, and localization of zero modes in extra dimension are described by independent parameters. For this, we propose a generalized 5-dimensional linear dilaton model which can realize such set-up as a solution of the model, and examine the KK spectrum and the couplings of zero modes and massive KK modes to boundary-localized operators for the bulk graviton, Abelian gauge bosons and periodic scalar fields. We discuss how those KK spectra and couplings vary as a function of the volume, warping and localization parameters, and highlight the behavior in the parameter region corresponding to the clockwork limit. We discuss also the field range of 4-dimensional axions originating from either 5-dimensional periodic scalar field or the 5-th component of an Abelian gauge field, and comment on the limitations of continuum clockwork compared to the discrete clockwork.
Sleep, low self‐control, and deviance: Direct and indirect links across immigrant groups and socioeconomic strata
Authors: Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Ksinan Jiskrova Gabriela , Ksinan Albert J.
Published: July 2018

Sleep functioning is concurrently and longitudinally associated with norm‐violating behaviors; however, the specific correlates contributing to these links remain unknown. Moreover, despite known mean‐level differences in sleep functioning across immigrant and non‐immigrant youth as well as socioeconomic strata, it is largely unknown whether links between sleep and norm‐violating behaviors vary across groups. The current study tested the direct effects of sleep problems and sleep quantity on measures of deviance, as well as the indirect links via low self‐control. It also tested moderating effects by immigrant and SES groups, indicated by parental education, on the associations and mean‐level differences in sleep functioning. Results from structural equation models based on cross‐sectional data from a national probability sample of Swiss adolescents (N = 6,866) provided evidence of both direct as well as indirect links between sleep and deviance, via low self‐control. Despite mean‐level differences, the tested links were invariant across immigrant and SES groups, with one modest exception in the magnitude of effect.
TEMPORARY MARRIAGE: A COMPARISON OF THE JEWISH AND ISLAMIC CONCEPTIONS
Authors: Margalit Yehezkel
Published: July 2018

The Jewish marriage differs from the Catholic Christian marriage, which is an institution surrounded by the halo of a holy sacrament that cannot be nullified. It also differs from the Islamic marriage, which is closer to a legal agreement than to a sacrament, wherein the husband alone may annul the marriage, either unilaterally or by mutual consent. This is especially true of the Shi'ite marriage—themuta—which may be annulled without any divorce proceedings at a predetermined date. In this article, I present a little-known possible halakhic stipulation: temporary marriage. I consider its roots and the different applications in Talmudic sources. An example of the Babylonian application of this conditional marriage is the cry by important Babylonianamoraim, “Who will be mine for a day?” In this unique case, some of the halakhic authorities rule that there is no necessity for agetin order to terminate the marriage. I consider the early halakhic rulings on these cases and the modern version of this stipulation, which was also rejected by modern halakhic authorities. I also offer a comparative study of a possible parallel to the marriage for a predetermined period, the Shi'ite temporary marriage, which is intentionally restricted to an agreed period of time and does not require divorce to annul it. I conclude my discussion by revealing the possible common roots for the Jewish temporary marriage and the Shi'ite temporary marriage in ancient Persian law.
The King James Bible: Crown, Church and People
Authors: FINCHAM KENNETH
Published: July 2018

This essay addresses several unresolved problems associated with the production, dissemination and reception of the King James Bible. It argues that Jamesi’s initial enthusiasm was not sustained and that Archbishop Bancroft was the key figure for seeing the translation through to completion. His death, just before the Bible appeared, explains why there was no order for its purchase by parishes. Instead, its acquisition was left to individual bishops, so that it took until the Civil War for the new Bible to be widely available in worship. Its broad acceptability by that time was a result of its increasing use in household and private devotions as much as in public worship.
Occurrence of Contracaecum bancrofti larvae in fish in the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Shamsi S. , Stoddart A. , Smales L. , Wassens S.
Published: July 2018

There is a paucity of information on the diversity and occurrence of freshwater fish parasites in Australia. This study investigates the distribution and occurrence of a parasitic nematode of the genusContracaecumin freshwater fish from south-eastern Australia. Fish (n= 508) belonging to nine species and eight families were collected from eight wetlands associated with the Murrumbidgee River floodplain in the southern Murray–Darling Basin and subjected to laboratory examination. Third-stage nematode larvae were found in eight of the nine fish species. The exception was the fly-specked hardeyhead (Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum), although only one specimen of this species was examined. Nematode larvae were identified asContracaecum bancroftiusing a combined morphological and molecular approach. The parasite was most prevalent in weather loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; 34.8%) and Australian smelt (Retropinna semoni; 21.4%), followed by carp (Cyprinus carpio; 9.5%), of which the former and latter are non-native species.Contracaecumprevalence differed between locations, with Two Bridges having the highest number of infected fish. This may be due to the higher number of suitable host species collected at these localities.Contracaecumspp. are parasites with low host specificity that have also been reported in Australian marine fish, humans and piscivorous birds. The high parasite prevalence in the two abundant non-native fish species in the region suggests that they act as a suitable host for this endemic parasite, resulting in the increase in the parasite population. It would be interesting to study host–parasite interactions in this area, especially if introduced fish populations declined dramatically in the attempt to eradicate them or control their population.
Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric cochlear implant assessment: a pilot study and our experience at Great Ormond Street Hospital
Authors: Kanona H , Stephenson K , D'Arco F , Rajput K , Cochrane L , Jephson C
Published: July 2018

Background

To date, there is a lack of consensus regarding the use of both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative assessment of cochlear implant candidates.

Methods

Twenty-five patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. ‘Control scores’ describing the expected visualisation of specific features by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were established. An independent radiological review of all computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan features was then compared to the control scores and the findings recorded.

Results

Agreement with control scores occurred in 83 per cent (20 out of 24) of computed tomography scans and 91 per cent (21 out of 23) of magnetic resonance imaging scans. Radiological abnormalities were demonstrated in 16 per cent of brain scans and 18 per cent of temporal bone investigations.

Conclusion

Assessment in the paediatric setting constitutes a special situation given the likelihood of congenital temporal bone abnormalities and associated co-morbidities that may be relevant to surgery and prognosis following cochlear implantation. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging contribute valuable information and remain necessary in paediatric cochlear implant pre-operative assessment.
Cochlear orientation: pre-operative evaluation and intra-operative significance
Authors: Sharma S , Grover M , Singh S N , Kataria T , Lakhawat R S
Published: July 2018

Objective

The study primarily aimed to calculate the orientation of the cochlea pre-operatively, using high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone, and predict the ease of electrode insertion.

Methods

Pre-operatively, high-resolution computed tomography scans were conducted on children scheduled for cochlear implantation, and two angles, α and β, were calculated. The values of α and β were then correlated with intra-operative difficulty in insertion of the electrode array.

Results

Ninety-six children were included in the study. Of the seven patients who had an α angle of less than 50 degrees, the surgeon experienced difficulties in electrode insertion. However, there were four patients with an α angle of more than 50 degrees for whom the surgeon also experienced difficulties in electrode insertion. In all these patients, the β angle was more than 20 degrees.

Conclusion

Calculation of cochlear orientation and its angle with the surgical axis (α and β) can aid the planning of surgery, particularly with regard to the cochleostomy site and preservation of residual hearing.