bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Brain Areas Affecting Language Function After Stroke
Authors: Kyeong Sunghyon , Kang Hyunkoo , Kyeong Sohyon , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Brain areas associated with functional improvement differ between acute and chronic phases after stroke. This study investigated brain areas associated with language function, according to time after stroke.

Methods—

Patients with aphasia after stroke were divided into subacute (≤3 months after stroke, 17 patients) and chronic groups (>12 months after stroke, 23 patients). Voxel-wise linear regression analyses in each group were conducted by using fractional anisotropy mapping in diffusion tensor images as a dependent variable, while scores of spontaneous speech, comprehension, repetition, and naming were used as independent variables.

Results—

Structural connectivity in the left dorsal pathway (eg, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus) was positively associated with spontaneous speech, repetition, and naming, whereas structural connectivity in the corona radiata, internal capsule, and corpus callosum of the right hemisphere was negatively associated with language function in the subacute phase. Comprehension was associated with the left superior temporal gyrus and the right corona radiata in the subacute phase and the right corpus callosum in the chronic phase (
P
FWE
<0.05).

Conclusions—

More lateralized language function related to the dorsal pathway was influenced in the bilateral brain areas in the subacute phase but not in the chronic phase. Less lateralized language function related to the ventral pathway was influenced in the bilateral brain areas during both subacute and chronic phases after stroke.
Hypertensive Response to Ischemic Stroke in the Normotensive Wistar Rat
Authors: Thakkar Pratik , McGregor Ailsa , Barber Paul Alan , Paton Julian F.R. , Barrett Carolyn , McBryde Fiona
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Over 80% of ischemic stroke patients show an abrupt increase in arterial blood pressure in the hours and days following ischemic stroke. Whether this poststroke hypertension is beneficial or harmful remains controversial and the underlying physiological basis is unclear.

Methods—

To investigate the dynamic cardiovascular response to stroke, adult Wistar rats (n=5–8 per group, 393±34 g) were instrumented with telemeters to blood pressure, intracranial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and brain tissue oxygen in the predicted penumbra (P
o
2
). After 2 weeks of recovery, cardiovascular signals were recorded for a 3-day baseline period, then ischemic stroke was induced via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, or sham surgery. Cardiovascular signals were then recorded for a further 10 days, and the functional sensorimotor recovery assessed using the cylinder and sticky dot tests.

Results—

Baseline values of all variables were similar between groups. Compared to sham, in the 2 days following stroke middle cerebral artery occlusion produced an immediate, transient rise above baseline in mean blood pressure (21±3 versus 2±4 mm Hg;
P
<0.001), renal sympathetic nerve activity (54±11% versus 7±4%;
P
=0.006), and cerebral perfusion pressure (12±5 versus 1±4;
P
≤0.001). Intracranial pressure increased more slowly, peaking 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion (14±6 versus −1±1 mm Hg;
P
<0.001). Treating with the antihypertensive agent nifedipine after stroke (1.5–0.75 mg/kg per hour SC) ameliorated poststroke hypertension (12±3 mm Hg on day 1;
P
=0.041), abolished the intracranial pressure increase (3±1;
P
<0.001) and reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (10±3 mm Hg;
P
=0.017). Preventing poststroke hypertension affected neither the recovery of sensorimotor function nor infarct size.

Conclusions—

These findings suggest that poststroke hypertension is immediate, temporally matched to an increase in sympathetic outflow, and elevates cerebral perfusion pressure for several days after stroke, which may enhance cerebral perfusion. Preventing poststroke hypertension does not appear to worsen prognosis after stroke in young, normotensive, and otherwise healthy rats.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
Bogidiellidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

The new amphipod species Xystriogidiella juliani from the Great Barrier Reef is described. Characteristics for this species are the 2-articulate accessory flagellum, a short second article of the maxilla 1 palp, the lack of inner rami on the pleopods and a short, emarginate telson. A short description of Xystriogidiella capricornea, a second species occurring in the Great Barrier Reef, is given additionally.
Bolttsiidae
Authors: AZMAN B. A. R. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

The family Bolttsiidae is reported for the first time outside of Africa. Bolttsia myersi is described from among mangrove roots at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Benthic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , MYERS A. A.
Published: August 2019

Prior to this study there were less than 50 species of benthic amphipods known from the Great Barrier Reef (Haswell 18xx; K.H. Barnard 1931; Berents 1983; Myers 1986; Lowry & Stoddart 1990, 1992; Thomas & Barnard 1991; Lowry & Berents 2005; Guerra-Garcia 2006; Peart 2007a, b; Lowry & Azman, 2007; Yerman & Krapp-Schickel, 2008). Examination of the benthic amphipod fauna of the Great Barrier Reef, based on new collections mainly from the Lizard Island Amphipod Workshop in February/March 2005, revealed 45 families, 116 genera, of which 8 (6.9%) are new, and 256 species, of which 107 (45%) are new. The amphipod fauna of the Great Barrier Reef is the richest fauna yet known from any tropical reef area.
Eusiridae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

An eusirid amphipod was found around Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef. It is described as Tethygeneia aff. pacifica. It has large eyes. Gnathopods 1 and 2 are subequal, their carpal lobes are only weakly produced, and carpus and propodus are subequal in length on both appendages. The telson is only weakly tapering distally and has wide rounded apices.
Melitidae, the Eriopisella group
Authors: YERMAN MICHELLE N.
Published: August 2019

A new species of eriopisellid amphipod, belonging to the genus Netamelita Barnard, 1962, is described. This is the first and only amphipod from the Eriopisella group reported from the Great Barrier Reef.
Ochlesidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

Ochlesis alii is redescribed. It has a pointed mid-dorsal tooth on the posterior margin of pereonite 7 and a rounded process on pleonites 1 and 2. The antenna 1 has rather short pointed posterodistal processes on peduncular articles 1–2. Antenna 2 has a pointed process on peduncular article 4.
Oedicerotidae
Authors: HUGHES L. E. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

Three genera and three new species of oedicerotid amphipods are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The third species of southern hemisphere Monoculodes, Monoculodes tropicalis sp. nov., is the first in the genus with calceoli on the female antenna 2.
Paracalliopiidae
Authors: HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

Two described species of paracalliopiid are recorded from the Great Barrier Reef. Doowia dexterae Barnard & Drummond is known from southern and northern Queensland. Yhi yindi Barnard & Thomas is known only from the type locality, Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia.
Phoxocephalidae
Authors: TAYLOR JOANNE
Published: August 2019

Nine species from three genera of Phoxocephalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Seven species are new to science including five species of Birubius Barnard & Drummond, 1976: Birubius banksi sp. nov., Birubius casuarina sp. nov., Birubius kingae sp. nov., Birubius oti sp. nov. and Birubius parvus sp. nov.; one species of Limnoporeia Fearn-Wannan, 1968: Limnoporeia cooki sp. nov. and one species of Metaphoxus Bonnier, 1896: Metaphoxus varanus sp. nov. Limnoporeia woorake Barnard & Drummond, 1978 is reported for the first time from the Great Barrier Reef and more records of Birubius batei (Haswell, 1879) are reported, prompting the designation of a neotype for the species. These records expand the number of phoxocephalid species previously recorded from the Great Barrier Reef.
Podoceridae
Authors: KILGALLEN NIAMH M.
Published: August 2019

The genus Podocerus from the Great Barrier Reef is examined. Six species are described of which two are new to science. All comprise new records for Australia. A seventh species previously recorded from the reef was not found during this survey.
Stenothoidae
Authors: KRAPP-SCHICKEL TRAUDL
Published: August 2019

Two genera and two species of Stenothoidae are reported from the Great Barrier Reef.
Synopiidae
Authors: HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

Three species on Synopiidae are recorded from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. One new species Syrrhoe petitaserrata sp. nov. and two new records of Synopia ultramarina Dana and Telsosynopia trifidilla Hughes & Lowry are included.
Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. wingei and the status of the Endlers guppy
Authors: SCHORIES SUSANNE , MEYER MANFRED K. , SCHARTL MANFRED
Published: August 2019

Poecilia obscura, new species, is described from the Oropuche system, Trinidad. A mitochondrial DNA-sequence based molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the status of the new species as a separate taxon. It is most closely related to the Common guppy, P. reticulata and to the recently described species, P. wingei. It can also be distinguished by morphometrics and gonopodial characteristics from these two species, although the ranges for all values overlap. A definition of the new species on morphology criteria alone is thus impossible. Therefore, P. obscura forms a cryptic species complex with the two other species. P. wingei is now unequivocally defined by the molecular phylogeny as a valid species. The three guppy species are included in the subgenus Acanthophacelus Eigenmann (1907), which is considered as generically different from all other taxa of the Poeciliinae sensu Parenti (1981).
Further notes on the taxonomy of four species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leiuperidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
Authors: GIARETTA ARIOVALDO A. , MARTINS LUCAS B. , SANTOS MARCELA P. DOS
Published: August 2019

We analyzed the advertisement calls of four species of Physalaemus (P. olfersii, P. moreirae, P. bokermanni, and P. jordanensis) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The tadpole of P. olfersii is described for the first time. Calls of all species are composed by just one kind of note. Those of P. olfersii are long (4035 ms), pseudo-pulsed, with dominant frequency around 2375 Hz; 7–10 sidebands are well distinguishable. The calls of P. moreirae are pulsed, with duration about 604 ms, mean dominant frequency around 1369 Hz and 3–5 sidebands. Physalaemus bokermanni has a call structurally different from the other species by the absence of sidebands or harmonics, larger inter-pulse breaks (around 34–42 ms) and a wider frequency range (around 3700 Hz). Calls of P. jordanensis are pulsed and have 7–8 harmonics, last about 1068 ms and dominant frequency around 2742 Hz. Physalaemus olfersii tadpoles show typical features of other Physalaemus larvae, measuring about 19 mm in total length. Our data on call of P. olfersii suggest that a broader taxonomic survey would be worthwhile by revealing that different species are included under this name. Calls of P. moreirae and P. bokermanni, in general, are in agreement with those previously described from other sites, but complementary features are given. Those of Physalaemus jordanensis show some differences in relation to the calls from the type locality, but additional data are still necessary for a taxonomic conclusion.
A review of the genus Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 from China, with description of 6 new species and 7 new records for China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Bryophilinae)
Authors: HAN H. L. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: August 2019

Six species of the genus Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 (S. yunley sp. nov., S. viridibasis sp. nov., S. oculatoides sp. nov., S. viridinivea sp. nov., S. rufosagittoides sp. nov., and S. acutivalva sp. nov.) are described from South China. The new combination Stenoloba brunneola comb. n. for Bryophila brunneola Draudt, 1950 is introduced. Seven species: S. pulla Ronkay, 2001, S. benedeki Ronkay, 2001, S. viridimicta Hampson, 1910, S. lichenosella Kononenko & Ronkay, 2001, S. glauca Kononenko & Ronkay, 2001, S. viridescens Kononenko & Ronkay, 2001 and S. lanceola Ronaky, 2001, previously known from North Vietnam and North India are reported from China for the first time. The male genitalia of S. basiviridis Draudt, 1950 and the female genitalia of S. lichenosella Kononenko & Ronkay, 2001 are described and illustrated for the first time. The generic name Lepidopyrga Warren, 1914 is synonymized (syn. n.) with Stenoloba. The taxon S. glauca kuytekparki Sohn & Han, 2005 is synonymized (syn. n.) with S. glauca. Most species are illustrated with imagines, male and female genitalia. A checklist of Stenoloba species in China is presented.
Two new species of Asian Serratella Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)
Authors: JACOBUS LUKE M. , ZHOU C.-F. , McCAFFERTY W. P.
Published: August 2019

Two new species of Serratella Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae: Ephemerellinae: Hyrtanellini) are described based on larvae from China and Iran. Serratella brevicauda, new species, is distinguishable from other Hyrtanellini based on its short caudal filaments and its relatively large body size. Serratella elissa, new species, is distinguishable from other Hyrtanellini based on a combination of its having paired tufts of spatulate setae and no paired spines on abdominal terga and having tarsal claws with denticles nearly subequal in size. The state of Asian Serratella systematics is reviewed, and some problems of Hyrtanellini systematics are discussed. Modifications to a recent identification key for ephemerellid larvae are suggested.
A distinctive new species of chameleon of the genus Furcifer (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from the Montagne dAmbre rainforest of northern Madagascar
Authors: GLAW FRANK , KÖHLER JÖRN , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: August 2019

We describe Furcifer timoni sp. nov., a new colourful and morphologically highly distinct chameleon from Montagne d’Ambre National Park in northern Madagascar. Males of this rainforest species are characterized by short paired bony rostral appendages which are completely absent in females. The new species differs from all other Furcifer species except F. bifidus (Brongniart, 1800) and F. balteatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1851) by a light ventrolateral band that is composed of scales which are arranged in a rosette-like manner. It differs from F. bifidus and from F. balteatus by smaller size, shorter rostral appendages of the males, and colouration. We suspect that F. timoni may be a cryptic species of the forest canopy. Furthermore, we designate a lectotype for Dicranosaura bifurca var. crassicornis Gray, 1864 and confirm its synonymy with Furcifer bifidus.
First record of the fish genus Symphysanodon (Teleostei: Perciformes: Symphysanodontidae) from the western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: CAMPOS PAULA N. , BONECKER ANA CRISTINA T. , DE CASTRO MÁRCIA S. , ANDERSON, JR. WILLIAM D.
Published: August 2019

Two larval Symphysanodon, collected off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, southern Brazil (at 22º32’50.0” S, 040º04’09.0” W), beyond the 1,000 m isobath, are the first specimens of the monotypic family Symphysanodontidae to be reported from the western South Atlantic Ocean. We are unable to assign the larvae to a described species and entertain the idea that the Brazilian material may represent an undescribed species.
Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843, a tropical centipede with amphi-Atlantic distribution (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)
Authors: BONATO LUCIO , CUPUL-MAGAÑA FABIO G. , MINELLI ALESSANDRO
Published: August 2019

Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Mecistocephalidae) is redescribed, and its geographical distribution revised and updated, after examination of 28 specimens from different localities together with critical assessment of published accounts and records. Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (= Mecistocephalus punctilabratus Newport, 1845, n. syn.; = Lamnonyx leonensis Cook, 1896, n. syn.; = Mecistocephalus maxillaris guadeloupensis Demange and Pereira, 1985, n. syn.) is distinguished from other Mecistocephalus species, with which it has been often confused, mainly in head elongation and some features of the clypeus. M. guildingii has been reported hitherto from less than two dozen sites on the eastern side of tropical Americas, however it is actually established in islands and coastal sites on both sides of the tropical part of the Atlantic ocean: on the American side from Bermuda through the Antilles to southern Brazil; on the African side in the Cape Verde archipelago and from Gambia to Liberia. It is also established in a locality on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and has been found occasionally inland in Brazil and in European hothouses and other disturbed anthropic sites.
A review of the subgenus Diestrammena (Gymnaeta) from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae)
Authors: ZHANG FENG , LIU XIAN-WEI
Published: August 2019

Eight new species—Diestrammena (Gymnaeta) gonggashanica sp. n.; D. (G.) fallax sp. n.; D. (G.) wuyishanica sp. n.; D. (G.) lata sp. n.; D. (G.) longilamina sp. n.; D. (G.) femorata sp. n.; D. (G.) indivisa sp. n. and D. (G. ) roundata sp. n.—are described. A key to species of the subgenus Diestrammena (Gymnaeta) from China is given.
Catalog of the New World Biting Midges North of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: BORKENT ART , GROGAN, JR. WILLIAM L.
Published: August 2019

This catalog of the biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the New World north of Mexico includes 603 species and 39 genera. The full citation, province or state of the type locality and distribution by province and/or state of each species is given. The most recent revision for each genus, subgenus and species group is cited.
Four new species of Paraclius Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and notes on the systematic position of Cheiromyia Dyte
Authors: CAPELLARI RENATO SOARES , DE SOUZA AMORIM DALTON
Published: August 2019

Four new species of Paraclius Loew from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described and illustrated: P. amphiatheratus, sp. nov., P. parenti, sp. nov., P. sagittatus, sp. nov., and P. dicrophallus, sp. nov. The condition of their enlarged sperm pump, also seen in the Neotropical genus Cheiromyia Dyte, is briefly discussed. Comments on the phylogenetic position of Cheiromyia are presented in light of new data from female terminalia of that genus.
Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species
Authors: CÁRDENAS PACO , MENEGOLA CARLA , RAPP HANS TORE , DÍAZ MARIA CRISTINA
Published: August 2019

Tetractinellida Marshall 1876 [Borchiellini et al. 2004] comprises the Orders Spirophorida and Astrophorida. A surveyof their diversity in the Bocas del Toro archipelago (Panama) was conducted. A total of ten species of Tetractinellidawere encountered: Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Ecionemia megastylifera,Stelletta fibrosa, Stelletta sp., Stryphnus raratriaenus sp. nov., Erylus formosus, Geodia gibberosa and Geodiapapyracea. Five of these species are new to the Atlantic sponge fauna of Panama, one of which is new to science.Stryphnus raratriaenus sp. nov. is very similar to Caribbean Asteropus species but it possesses triaenes. It is the firstspecies of this genus in the Caribbean. The description of Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann–Kilian & Kilian, 1984 ishere revised and the species fully redescribed. A cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene partial fragment and/or a 28S ribosomal gene partial fragment (C1–D2 domains) were sequenced for some of the species collected.
Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae)
Authors: DANELIYA MIKHAIL E. , KAMALTYNOV RAVIL M. , KONTULA TYTTI , VÄINÖLÄ RISTO
Published: August 2019

From morphogical and molecular data we reconsider the systematic composition of the Lake Baikal amphipod genusBabr Kamaltynov & Väinölä (Pallaseidae), until recently part of Pallasea Bate. The morphology of Babr is relativelyuniform, but both allozyme and mitochondrial DNA data recognize a deep split into two lineages (Nei's D = 1.1,uncorrected COI sequence divergence 17 %). These correspond with the two species B. baikali (Stebbing) andB. nigromaculatus (Dorogostaisky), which both are found to be widespread throughout the lake but show different depthpreferences. We found no support for the third proposed taxon B. inermis (Sowinsky), and consider it a synonym ofB. baikali. Revised morphological diagnoses for the genus and the two species are presented, including newmorphological characters. In terms of mtDNA, B. baikali is further subdivided into clearly separate geographical lineages, for which no morphological correspondence was however established.
Review of the Mesovelia horvathi species complex (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae), with the description of seven new species from India
Authors: JEHAMALAR E. EYARIN , CHANDRA KAILASH , POLHEMUS DAN A.
Published: August 2019

Seven new species from India are described in the Mesovelia horvathi species complex and assigned to two putatively monophyletic species groups. Mesovelia brevia sp. nov. and M. dilatata sp. nov., both occurring in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, and M. occulta sp. nov., known from only Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the Mesovelia horvathi species group. Mesovelia andamana sp. nov. from the Andaman Islands, M. bispinosa sp. nov. and M. isiasi sp. nov. from Meghalaya, and M. tenuia sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the M. andamana species group. Photographs of morphological characters, distribution maps, and a key to males are provided for all of the species treated.
Gymnesigobius medits (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , ORDINES FRANCESC , RAMIREZ-AMARO SERGIO , SCHLIEWEN ULRICH K.
Published: August 2019

A new genus and species of goby, Gymnesigobius medits sp. nov., is described from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms at the Balearic Islands. The new goby belongs to the Gobius-lineage (Gobiinae). Examination of the single known specimen exhibits a unique combination of morphological characters which could not be fitted to any known genus. Gymnesigobius gen. nov. is morphologically distinguished from all other genera in the Gobius-lineage by the following combination of characters: chin without fold or barbels; mouth terminal with anterior tip above horizontal level of lower eye edge; predorsal area and first dorsal fin base naked; pelvic fin anterior membrane well developed; head with anterior oculoscapular and preopercular canals, posterior oculoscapular canal absent; pores of head canals enlarged, e.g. pores α and ρ larger or of about the same size as interspaces to pore β; six transverse suborbital rows of sensory papillae, four continuous suborbital rows in front of row b, fifth row divided in three parts but in front of row b, sixth row just as superior part above row b and below pore α; longitudinal suborbital row b barely reaching forward to the vertical from posterior edge of eye. A full description of the new genus and species is provided. The new species, collected at a depth of between 344 and 364 m (mean depth of 354 m), is one of very few gobiid species found at bathyal depths.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming
Authors: Knutson Thomas , Camargo Suzana J. , Chan Johnny C. L. , Emanuel Kerry , Ho Chang-Hoi , Kossin James , Mohapatra Mrutyunjay , Satoh Masaki , Sugi Masato , Walsh Kevin , Wu Liguang
Published: August 2019

Model projections of tropical cyclone (TC) activity response to anthropogenic warming in climate models are assessed. Observations, theory, and models, with increasing robustness, indicate rising global TC risk for some metrics that are projected to impact multiple regions. A 2°C anthropogenic global warming is projected to impact TC activity as follows. 1) The most confident TC-related projection is that sea level rise accompanying the warming will lead to higher storm inundation levels, assuming all other factors are unchanged. 2) For TC precipitation rates, there is at least medium-to-high confidence in an increase globally, with a median projected increase of 14%, or close to the rate of tropical water vapor increase with warming, at constant relative humidity. 3) For TC intensity, 10 of 11 authors had at least medium-to-high confidence that the global average will increase. The median projected increase in lifetime maximum surface wind speeds is about 5% (range: 1%–10%) in available higher-resolution studies. 4) For the global proportion (as opposed to frequency) of TCs that reach very intense (category 4–5) levels, there is at least medium-to-high confidence in an increase, with a median projected change of +13%. Author opinion was more mixed and confidence levels lower for the following projections: 5) a further poleward expansion of the latitude of maximum TC intensity in the western North Pacific; 6) a decrease of global TC frequency, as projected in most studies; 7) an increase in global very intense TC frequency (category 4–5), seen most prominently in higher-resolution models; and 8) a slowdown in TC translation speed.
muluz3, mul dGula, and the Early History of Mesopotamian Constellations
Authors: Kurtik Gennady E.
Published: August 2019

This article is devoted to cuneiform sources shedding light on history of Mesopotamian constellations muluz3 (“The Goat”) located in the area of modern Lyra, mul d Gula, a goddess connected with muluz3, and mulur.gi7 (“The Dog”) located in Hercules. In the eyes of ancient Mesopotamians, these constellations were bound by complex relationships that were changing in course of time. Gula was the goddess of the Goat constellation, and the Dog was a sacred animal of Gula. In the Neo-Assyrian period, Gula’s anthropomorphic image was considered to be a figure of the constellation muluz3, while figures of other constellations with animal names always corresponded to their names. It is shown in the article that originally (at the end of the third and the beginning of the second millennium b.c.) there were only two constellations (muluz3 and mulur.gi7) out of three mentioned above singled out in the Mesopotamian sky. The goddess Gula became associated with the constellation muluz3 only in the second half of the second millennium b.c.
When to Send Your Telescope Aloft
Authors: DeVorkin David H.
Published: August 2019

How have astronomers and physicists responded to the challenge of getting “beyond the atmosphere” in the past century or so, and how did they go about making choices in how they did so? This case study examines a particularly poignant example of how an astronomer’s practice changed in the 1950s when that astronomer, Princeton theoretical astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild, made a commitment to utilize newly improved balloon technology to answer a specific question arising from his own research agenda. Here we follow Schwarzschild’s efforts, which led initially to success, and then examine how, bolstered by his department Chairman, Lyman Spitzer, he built upon that success to generalize the new technology to try to provide a capability that might address a wider range of questions, and, aiding Spitzer’s plan, provide a stepping stone to an eventual Large Space Telescope. How he fared in making this decision reveals the challenges facing academic astronomers in the 1950s who attempted to send their telescopes aloft. It also reveals the complexities of taking on such projects, complexities that were unknown to the average mainstream astronomer.
Removing disabling barriers in policing: Dyslexia and literacy difficulties in the police service
Authors: Macdonald Stephen J , Cosgrove Faye
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of dyslexia, self-identified dyslexia and literacy difficulties on police officers/civilian employees. The study employs a social model approach which advocates that problems associated with dyslexia are not due to an impairment effect but can be attributed to a lack of reasonable adjustment due to disabling environmental barriers. The methodology applies a quantitative approach that analyses the impact that dyslexia/literacy difficulties have on policing. The authors suggest that with minor adjustments to working environments, police organisations can foster an inclusive rather than exclusive occupational environment.
Preliminary Verification of Instructional Humor Processing Theory: Mediators Between Instructor Humor and Student Learning
Authors: Tsukawaki Ryota , Imura Tomoya
Published: August 2019

Instructional humor processing theory has been proposed to explain how the type of humor used by the course instructor can affect student learning. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to test whether the relation between the instructor’s type of humor (related, unrelated, self-disparaging, offensive, and disparaging humor), and learning is mediated by variables assumed by the instructional humor processing theory (emotion, motivation, and information-processing ability). A total of 360 university and junior college students with a mean age of 19.31 years (standard deviation = 0.75) completed a questionnaire concerning their impression on the instructor humor, emotion, motivation, processing ability, and cognitive learning in a specific course. The results revealed that the instructor’s-related humor significantly predicted the cognitive learning of students, and their relation can be mediated by all variables assumed by instructional humor processing theory. Our results provided preliminary evidence for the legitimacy of the instructional humor processing theory model.
Noninfectious Foodborne Exposures Reported to 2 National Reporting Systems, United States, 2000-2010
Authors: Law Royal Kai Yee , Kisselburgh Hannah , Roblin Douglas , Choudhary Ekta , Schier Joshua , Fraser Michael , Taylor Ethel
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

Foodborne disease is a pervasive problem caused by consuming food or drink contaminated by infectious or noninfectious agents. The 55 US poison centers receive telephone calls for advice on foodborne disease cases that may be related to a foodborne disease outbreak (FBDO). Our objective was to assess whether poison center call records uploaded to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) can be used for surveillance of noninfectious FBDOs in the United States.

Methods:

We matched NPDS records on noninfectious FBDO agents in the United States with records in the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) for 2000-2010. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis comparing NPDS matched and unmatched records to assess features of NPDS records that may indicate a confirmed noninfectious FBDO.

Results:

During 2000-2010, FDOSS recorded 491 noninfectious FBDOs of known etiology and NPDS recorded 8773 calls for noninfectious foodborne disease exposures. Of 8773 NPDS calls, 469 (5.3%) were matched to a noninfectious FBDO reported to FDOSS. Multivariable logistic regression indicated severity of medical outcome, whether the call was made by a health care professional, and etiology as significant predictors of NPDS records matching an FDOSS noninfectious FBDO.

Conclusions:

NPDS may complement existing surveillance systems and response activities by providing timely information about single cases of foodborne diseases or about a known or emerging FBDO. Prioritizing NPDS records by certain call features could help guide public health departments in the types of noninfectious foodborne records that most warrant public health follow-up.
High-speed production of antibacterial fabrics using liquid flame spray
Authors: Brobbey Kofi Jocelyn , Haapanen Janne , Tuominen Mikko , Mäkelä Jyrki , Gunell Marianne , Eerola Erkki , Saarinen Jarkko J , Toivakka Martti
Published: August 2019

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are known as one of the major problems of the modern healthcare system, which result in additional cost and mortality. It has also been shown that pathogenic bacteria are mostly transferred via surfaces in healthcare settings. Therefore, antibacterial surfaces, which include fabrics and textiles, can be used in a healthcare environment to reduce the transfer of pathogenic bacteria, hence reducing HAIs. Silver nanoparticles have been shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial properties, and therefore they have been incorporated into fabrics to provide antibacterial functionality. Liquid flame spray (LFS) nanoparticle synthesis allows nanoparticles to be produced and deposited on surfaces at speeds up to and beyond 300 m/min. Herein, LFS is used to deposit silver nanoparticles onto two fabrics that are commonly used in the hospital environment with the aim of producing antibacterial fabrics. A thin plasma coating on top of the fabrics after silver deposition is used to improve nanoparticle adhesion. Fabrics coated with silver nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. Nanoparticle imaging and surface chemical characterization are performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The highlights of this research are as follows:

 • high-speed synthesis and deposition of silver nanoparticles on fabrics;

 • plasma coating onto fabrics with silver nanoparticles;

 • antibacterial fabrics for potential use in healthcare environments.
The Acceptance Behavior of New Media Entertainment Among Older Adults: Living Arrangement as a Mediator
Authors: Liu Dawei , Liu Anqi , Tu Wanying
Published: August 2019

New media entertainment is currently being spotlighted by business practitioners and researchers. This article highlighted this issue of elder online users and explored the factors affecting their acceptance decisions in new media entertainment. Older adults prefer to status and value orientations, so their online acceptance of new media entertainment is significantly influenced by the perceived usefulness and social benefits. In addition, types of living arrangement significantly affect technology acceptance model of older adults.
Union Actors and Socio-environmental Problems: The Trade Union Confederation of the Americas
Authors: Anigstein Cecilia , Wyczykier Gabriela
Published: August 2019

The Trade Union Confederation of the Americas is analytically interesting because international trade unions have promoted the framework of a “just transition” to protect workers’ rights during the shift to sustainable energy and the response to climate change and because the confederation has undertaken something of a “Latin-Americanization” of the just-transition notion that is nurtured by the environmental/territorial turn of social struggles on the continent. The current convergence between unions and social movements (peasant, feminist, environmentalist) has contributed to an important renewal of the union movement in Latin American environmental matters.

La Confederación Sindical de las Américas reviste interés analítico porque las organizaciones sindicales internacionales promovieron una “transición justa” para resituar y visibilizar a los trabajadores en las negociaciones multilaterales del clima y procesos de transición energética y porque la confederación ha emprendido una “latinoamericanización” de la noción de la “transición justa” nutrida de un giro eco-territorial de las luchas sociales en el continente. El actual proceso de convergencia entre sindicatos y movimientos sociales (campesinos, feministas, ambientalistas) ha contribuido a una importante renovación de la narrativa del movimiento sindical en materia medioambiental en América Latina.
Searching for social equity among public administration mission statements
Authors: Dooley Tyrone P
Published: August 2019

The main research question considered in this article is the relative prominence of social equity among public administration curricula via an examination of program mission. It has long been asserted that social equity is a key component of public administration education so much so that the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) made social equity a fourth pillar of public administration. The article points to a serious dilemma faced within the discipline, namely the unequal geographic distribution of social equity mission statements at the program level, while at the same time promoting it as essential to the discipline nationally. Based on an analysis of 184 public administration programs, this article advocates for a continued commitment and dedicated resources to promote social equity across smaller Masters of Public Administration programs.
China’s Football Dream: Sport, Citizenship, Symbolic Power, and Civic Spaces
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan , Chadwick Simon , Gow Michael
Published: August 2019

This article examines the mobilization of football in relation to Chinese state-building projects. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of “symbolic power” is applied to frame policy analysis of China’s 2016-2050 National Football Plan and narrative analysis of developments within China’s rapidly expanding football sector. The extensive mobilization of national, provincial, and local government institutions forms spaces for civic participation in state-building projects through direct participation in football. These civic spaces allow for active citizenship engagement with state projects and for expressions of consensus and participation with the Chinese Dream while also limiting potential for competing cultural movements to emerge. This article argues that such developments are driven primarily for socio-political objectives with the aim of fostering shared notions of citizenship through the medium of sport.
Test Frequency, Stakes, and Feedback in Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phelps Richard P.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Test frequency, stakes associated with educational tests, and feedback from test results have been identified in the research literature as relevant factors in student achievement.

Objectives:

Summarize the separate and joint contribution to student achievement of these three treatments and their interactions via multivariable meta-analytic techniques using a database of English-language studies spanning a century (1910–2010), comprising 149 studies and 509 effect size estimates.

Research design:

Analysis employed robust variance estimation. Considered as potential moderators were hundreds of study features comprising various test designs and test administration, demographic, and source document characteristics.

Subjects:

Subjects were students at all levels, from early childhood to adult, mostly from the United States but also eight other countries.

Results:

We find a summary effect size of 0.84 for the three treatments collectively. Further analysis suggests benefits accrue to the incremental addition of combinations of testing and feedback or stakes and feedback. Moderator analysis shows higher effect sizes associated with the following study characteristics: more recent year of publication, summative (rather than formative) testing, constructed (rather than selected) item response formats, alignment of subject matter between pre- and posttests, and recognition/recall (rather than core subjects, art, or physical education). Conversely, lower effect sizes are associated with postsecondary students (rather than early childhood–upper secondary), special education population, larger study population, random assignment (rather than another sampling method), use of shadow test as outcome measure, designation of individuals (rather than groups) as units of analysis, and academic (rather than corporate or government) research.
Effects of therapeutic ultrasound for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhu Shibo , Lv Zenghui , Kan Shunli , Wu Qiuli , Song Wenye , Ning Guangzhi , Feng Shiqing
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic ultrasound with sham ultrasound on pain relief and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis patients. As phonophoresis is a unique therapeutic ultrasound, we also compared the effects of phonophoresis with conventional non-drug ultrasound.

Data sources:

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials from inception up to June 2019.

Review methods:

Randomized controlled trials comparing therapeutic ultrasound with sham ultrasound in knee osteoarthritis patients were included. Phonophoresis in the experimental and control groups were compared through conventional ultrasound, and corresponding trials were also included. Two reviewers independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. Risk of bias assessments and therapeutic ultrasound safety assessments were also performed.

Results:

Fifteen studies including three phonophoresis-related studies with 1074 patients were included. Meta-analyses demonstrated that therapeutic ultrasound significantly relieved pain ( P < 0.00001) and reduced the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) physical function score ( P = 0.03). In addition, therapeutic ultrasound increased the active range of motion ( P < 0.00001) and reduced the Lequesne index ( P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis of phonophoresis ultrasound illustrated significant differences on the visual analogue scale ( P = 0.009), but no significant differences on WOMAC pain subscales ( P = 0.10), and total WOMAC scores were observed ( P = 0.30). There was no evidence to suggest that ultrasound was unsafe treatment.

Conclusions:

Therapeutic ultrasound is a safe treatment to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, phonophoresis does not produce additional benefits to functional improvement, but may relieve pain compared to conventional non-drug ultrasound.
Using Masked Raters to Evaluate Social Validity of a Parent-Implemented Communication Intervention
Authors: Akemoglu Yusuf , Garcia-Grau Pau , Meadan Hedda
Published: August 2019

Interventions designed for children with disabilities and their families should be socially valid. Parent-implemented Communication Strategies-Storybook (PiCSS) is an intervention package designed to coach parents on shared storybook reading and naturalistic teaching strategies. In PiCSS program, the participating parents used the communication teaching strategies with high fidelity, and children responded more to their parents’ communication. To evaluate the social validity of PiCSS, we designed video-based rating surveys and collected data from masked raters (college students and practitioners). In total, 120 raters evaluated 12 1-min video clips. Quantitative analyses revealed that all raters scored coaching videos significantly higher than baseline videos for parent and child outcomes, indicating the PiCSS program had positive outcomes in parent–child interactions.
Datafication and accountability in public health: Introduction to a special issue
Authors: Hoeyer Klaus , Bauer Susanne , Pickersgill Martyn
Published: August 2019

In recent years and across many nations, public health has become subject to forms of governance that are said to be aimed at establishing accountability. In this introduction to a special issue, From Person to Population and Back: Exploring Accountability in Public Health, we suggest opening up accountability assemblages by asking a series of ostensibly simple questions that inevitably yield complicated answers: What is counted? What counts? And to whom, how and why does it count? Addressing such questions involves staying attentive to the technologies and infrastructures through which data come into being and are made available for multiple political agendas. Through a discussion of public health, accountability and datafication we present three key themes that unite the various papers as well as illustrate their diversity.
Courtesy work: Care practices for quality assurance in a cohort study
Authors: Kalender Ute , Holmberg Christine
Published: August 2019

Accountability has become a buzzword in recent years, applied in such disparate fields as education, academia, international politics and economics. For cohort studies, epidemiological literature and guidelines put forward several ideals to assure the quality of the generated data to make it accountable. Social scientific scholarship in turn has shown that in practice, such demands can lead to tensions and needs for balance ‘on the ground’. We take such insights as a starting point to explore these balancing acts. Based on an ethnographic investigation into the examination and data-gathering situations and practices within a German cohort study, we suggest that ‘courtesy work’ is intrinsic to the development of accountable data as a foundation for the establishment and stabilization of epidemiological facts. As such, courtesy work is part of accountable care work in epidemiological studies, which is in turn a key part of the quality assurance practices that ensure the enrollment and maintenance of people in a study, as well as the production of standardized measurement results.