bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peter Bullimore: a living tribute
Authors: Carson Jerome
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a living tribute to the mental health activist and international trainer Peter Bullimore.

Design/methodology/approach

Peter provided a list of people to who he wanted to provide tributes. Jerome approached all these people. All agreed.

Findings

Several people from around the world attest to the influence that Peter’s teaching and personality have had on their clinical practice and on their lives.

Research limitations/implications

The disappearance of an Open Mind has left a shortage of journals, which welcome the user perspective. Mental Health and Social Inclusion have always championed the voice of people with lived experience. These are selected tributes to one man’s work in the field of mental health.

Practical implications

These accounts provide insights into the work of a remarkable individual.

Social implications

Students of the mental health professions are mainly exposed to work produced by their peers. The history of mental health is filled with the stories of professionals, not the people who have used services.

Originality/value

Historically accounts of psychiatry are written by mental health professionals. Service user or lived experience accounts are often written from the perspective of the person’s story of illness and recovery. There are comparatively few, which celebrate the additional achievements of specific individuals with lived experience.
Metagenomic stable isotope probing reveals bacteriophage participation in soil carbon cycling
Authors: Barnett Samuel E. , Buckley Daniel H.
Published: May 2023

Soil viruses are important components of the carbon (C) cycle, yet we still know little about viral ecology in soils. We added diverse 13C‐labelled carbon sources to soil and we used metagenomic‐SIP to detect 13C assimilation by viruses and their putative bacterial hosts. These data allowed us to link a 13C‐labelled bacteriophage to its 13C‐labelled Streptomyces putative host, and we used qPCR to track the dynamics of the putative host and phage in response to C inputs. Following C addition, putative host numbers increased rapidly for 3 days, and then more gradually, reaching maximal abundance on Day 6. Viral abundance and virus:host ratio increased dramatically over 6 days, and remained high thereafter (8.42 ± 2.94). From Days 6 to 30, virus:host ratio remained high, while putative host numbers declined more than 50%. Putative host populations were 13C‐labelled on Days 3–30, while 13C‐labelling of phage was detected on Days 14 and 30. This dynamic suggests rapid growth and 13C‐labelling of the host fueled by new C inputs, followed by extensive host mortality driven by phage lysis. These findings indicate that the viral shunt promotes microbial turnover in soil following new C inputs, thereby altering microbial community dynamics, and facilitating soil organic matter production.
RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION IN GENTRIFYING URBAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS: The Experience of Cultural Manufacturers in San Francisco and Melbourne
Authors: Martin Declan , Grodach Carl
Published: May 2023

Recent urban scholarship shows how zoning and real estate dynamics shape ongoing processes of gentrification and deindustrialization. While studies demonstrate the impact of planning and property market pressures on the arts, less research has examined their effect on urban manufacturers in gentrifying industrial districts. Given the differential impact of zoning and real estate pressures, our research focuses specifically on how ‘cultural manufacturers’ negotiate changing land use patterns in gentrifying urban industrial areas in San Francisco and Melbourne. Our findings show how cultural manufacturers develop flexible workspace arrangements, business models and professional networks to negotiate urban restructuring and avoid displacement. Though innovative, these survival strategies provide limited ability to navigate structural barriers. Here, the presence of intermediary organizations can help coordinate a strategic response to industrial gentrification and indifferent planning policy. In our research we highlight the everyday practices of adaptation and collective action in an under‐researched cultural sector to provide a counterweight to macro‐scale transitional narratives. While cities have deindustrialized owing to technological and competitive pressures, to focus exclusively on this misses a range of resilience practices that have sustained manufacturers in restructuring cities.
DiabetesWise: An innovative approach to promoting diabetes device awareness
Authors: Wong Jessie J. , Addala Ananta , Hanes Sarah J. , Krugman Sara , Naranjo Diana , Nelmes Sierra , Rose Kyle Jacques , Tanenbaum Molly L. , Hood Korey K.
Published: May 2023

Background

DiabetesWise is an unbranded, data‐driven online resource that tailors device recommendations based on preferences and priorities of people with insulin‐requiring diabetes. The objective of this study is to examine whether DiabetesWise increases uptake of diabetes devices, which are empirically supported to improve glycemic and psychosocial outcomes.

Methods

The sample included 458 participants (Mage = 37.1, SD = 9.73; 66% female; 81% type 1 diabetes) with insulin‐requiring diabetes and minimal diabetes device use at enrollment. Participants used DiabetesWise and completed online surveys. Chi‐square and t tests evaluated requests for a device prescription, receiving a prescription, and starting a new device at 1 and 3 months post use. Baseline predictors of these variables and past use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and changes in diabetes distress post use were also examined.

Results

Within the first month of interacting with DiabetesWise 19% of participants asked for a prescription for a diabetes device. This rate rose to 31% in the first 3 months. These requests resulted in 16% of the sample starting a new device within the first 3 months. Whereas several factors were associated with prior CGM use, receiving a prescription, and starting a new device, more diabetes distress (t(343) = −3.13, p = .002) was the only factor associated with asking for a prescription. Diabetes distress decreased after interacting with DiabetesWise within 1 month (t(193) = 3.51, p < .001) and 3 months (t(180) = 5.23, p < .001).

Conclusions

Within 3 months of interacting with DiabetesWise, one in three participants had requested a prescription for a new diabetes device and average distress levels were reduced, indicating benefit from this low‐intensity online platform.
PRMT5 promotes chemotherapy‐induced neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC
Authors: Shen Qi , Liu Yi , Deng Xuehong , Hu Chang‐Deng
Published: May 2023

Background

In response to therapeutic treatments, cancer cells can exhibit a variety of resistance phenotypes including neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). NED is a process by which cancer cells can transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine‐like cells in response to treatments, and is now widely accepted as a key mechanism of acquired therapy resistance. Recent clinical evidence has suggested that non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can also transform into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors. However, whether chemotherapy induces NED to confer therapy resistance in NSCLC remains unknown.

Methods

We evaluated whether NSCLC cells can undergo NED in response to chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and cisplatin. By Knock‐down of PRMT5 or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 to identify its role in the NED process.

Results

We observed that both etoposide and cisplatin can induce NED in multiple NSCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a critical mediator of chemotherapy‐induced NED. Significantly, the knock‐down of PRMT5 or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 suppressed the induction of NED and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results suggest that targeting PRMT5 may be explored as a chemosensitization approach by inhibiting chemotherapy‐induced NED.
Diagnosing the acute abdomen during a global contrast shortage: a single centre experience
Authors: Wang Katie , Atkinson Mitchell , Nyandoro Munyaradzi G. , Biddle Kirsten , Lew Leslie Zhi Wei , Weber Dieter G.
Published: May 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a global shortage of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in early 2022. ICM is used in more than half of the computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) performed to diagnose an acute abdomen (AA). In response to the shortage, the RANZCR published contrast‐conserving recommendations. This study aimed to compare AA diagnostic outcomes of non‐contrast CTs performed before and during the shortage.

Methods

A single‐centre retrospective observational cohort study of all adult patients presenting with an AA who underwent a CTAP was conducted during the contrast shortage period from May to July 2022. The pre‐shortage control comparison group was from January to March 2022; key demographics, imaging modality indication and diagnostic outcomes were collected and analysed using SPSS v27.

Results

Nine hundred and sixty‐two cases met the inclusion criteria, of which n = 502, 52.2% were in the shortage period group. There was a significant increase of 464% in the number of non‐contrast CTAPs performed during the shortage period (P < 0.001). For the six AA pathologies, only n = 3, 1.8% of non‐contrast CTAPs had equivocal findings requiring further imaging with a contrast CTAP. Of the total CTs performed, n = 464, 48.2% were negative.

Conclusion

This study showed that when non‐contrast CTs are selected appropriately, they appear to be non‐inferior to contrast‐enhanced CTAPs in diagnosing acute appendicitis, colitis, diverticulitis, hernia, collection, and obstruction. This study highlights the need for further research into utilizing non‐contrast scans for assessing the AA to minimize contrast‐associated complications.
Analysis of the outcomes of three different cross‐linking protocols for treatment of paediatric keratoconus: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Gad Ahmed , Kotb Ahmed , Abdelhalim Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To analyse long‐term outcomes of standard cross‐linking (SCXL), accelerated cross‐linking (ACXL) and transepithelial cross‐linking (TCXL) in the treatment of progressive paediatric keratoconus regarding stability, safety and efficacy.

Methods

This prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial included 97 eyes of 97 paediatric patients with stages I–III ABCD keratoconus grading system, who were randomized into three groups; SCXL group (control group, n = 32; 3 mW/cm2 × 30 min/5.4 J/cm2), ACXL (n = 33; 18 mW/cm2 × 5 min/5.4 J/cm2) and TCXL (n = 32; 18 mW/cm2 × 5 min/5.4 J/cm2). Subjective refraction, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, keratometry and pachymetry measurements using corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and 1, 2 and 3 years postoperatively.

Results

SCXL group exhibited significant successive improvements in the mean visual, refractive and keratometric parameters throughout the entire postoperative 3 years while ACXL group exhibited significant improvements in visual and keratometric parameters in the first postoperative year that remained stable in second and third postoperative years. TCXL group exhibited significant progressive deterioration in all mean parameters compared to SCXL and ACXL (p < 0.0001). Both SCXL and ACXL revealed final 100% success rate with good stability while TCXL revealed final 22% failure rate with keratoconus progression (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

SCXL and ACXL were comparable in halting keratoconus progression and achieved good stability and safety; however, SCXL was more efficient than ACXL as it yielded greater significant postoperative mean visual, refractive and keratometric improvements achieving smoother corneal remodelling. Both SCXL and ACXL were much superior to TCXL. SCXL is the best CXL treatment option for paediatric keratoconus while ACXL is a good and effective alternative.
Exploring the effect of socially responsible human resource management on employee resilience: The role of basic psychological needs and collectivism
Authors: Shao Dan‐Ping , Peng Yun , Ji Yang
Published: May 2023

Resilience has become a topic of renewed interest due to the frequent difficulties encountered by organisations and individuals in the present turbulent world. It is widely recognised that HRM practices play a crucial role in stimulating employee resilience. However, only few studies have explored the role of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) in enhancing employee resilience. Accordingly, our study aims to address this research gap by utilising self‐determination theory to develop a theoretical model clarifying the effect of SRHRM on employee resilience, focusing on the mediating role of basic psychological needs. Furthermore, we identify collectivism as a critical moderating factor in the relation between SRHRM and employee resilience. For this purpose, data were collected from 355 employees in central China in three waves. Results revealed that SRHRM can enhance employee resilience by fulfilling basic psychological needs. Moreover, the results indicated that collectivism strengthens the indirect relation between SRHRM and employee resilience through the fulfilment of basic psychological needs.
Biases and distribution patterns in hard‐bodied microscopic animals (Acari: Halacaridae): Size does not matter, but generalism and sampling effort do
Authors: Rubio‐López Iñigo , Pardos Fernando , Fontaneto Diego , Martínez Alejandro , García‐Gómez Guillermo
Published: May 2023

Aim

The interplay between distribution ranges, species traits and sampling and taxonomic biases remains elusive amongst microscopic animals. This ignorance obscures our understanding of the diversity patterns of a major component of biodiversity. Here, we used marine Halacaridae to explore whether differences between marine provinces can explain their distribution patterns or if differential sampling efforts across regions prevent any macroecological inference. Furthermore, we test if certain functional traits influence their distribution patterns.

Location

Europe.

Results

Whereas geographical variables provided a better explanation for differences in species composition, sampling effort and distance from marine biological stations accounted for the majority of differences in European Halacaridae richness. Species occurring in more habitats showed broader geographical ranges and accumulated more records. Species traits like generalism affected the distribution of halacarid species.

Main Conclusions

We propose that the sampling effort of halacarid mites in Europe might be explained by two different cognitive biases: the convenience of selecting certain sampling localities compared to others and the tendency of zoologists to scrutinise habitats where their target organisms are more common.
Trends in incidence of ischaemic stroke in people with and without diabetes in Ireland 2005–2015
Authors: Bambury Niamh , O'Neill Kate , Buckley Claire M. , Kearney Patricia M.
Published: May 2023

Aims

We aim to describe the epidemiology of ischaemic stroke and in‐hospital mortality associated with stroke among men and women with and without diabetes from 2005 to 2015.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of national hospital discharge data from the Hospital Inpatient Enquiry database. Stroke incidence and in‐hospital mortality rates in people with and without diabetes were calculated. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and assess trends over time.

Results

The age‐adjusted incidence of stroke was twice as high in people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (men IRR 2.0 [95% CI 1.95–2.06] and women IRR 2.2 [95% CI 2.12–2.27]). The incidence of ischaemic stroke decreased by an average 1.7% per year in men with diabetes and 3.3% per year in women with diabetes. In people without diabetes, the average annual reduction was smaller (0.2% per year in men and 1% per year in women). In‐hospital mortality associated with admission with ischaemic stroke was approximately twice as high in those with diabetes compared to those without diabetes among men [IRR 1.81 (1.67–1.97)] and women [IRR 2 (95% CI 1.84–2.18)].

Conclusion

Despite decreases in incidence of ischaemic stroke and associated in‐hospital mortality, there remains a twofold increased risk of ischaemic stroke and mortality in people with diabetes. Therefore, priority must be given to management of risk factors for ischaemic stroke in people with diabetes as well as continued development of targeted stroke prevention strategies.
Confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography of inflammatory skin diseases in hairs and pilosebaceous units: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Chaer Rami Nabil , Bouazzi Dorra , Jemec Gregor , Mogensen Mette
Published: May 2023

Common skin disorders such as acne vulgaris, rosacea and folliculitis are bothersome prevalent inflammatory diseases of hair follicles that can easily be investigated bedside using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) with micrometre resolution, opening a novel era for high‐resolution hair follicle diagnostics and quantitative treatment evaluation. EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched until 5 January 2023 to identify all studies imaging hair follicle characteristics by RCM and OCT for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in hair follicle‐based skin disorders. This study followed PRISMA guidelines. After inclusion of articles, methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 critical appraisal checklist. Thirty‐nine in vivo studies (33 RCM and 12 OCT studies) were included. The studies focused on acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis, folliculitis decalvans, lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythemasus, frontal fibrosing alopecia and keratosis pilaris. Inter‐ and perifollicular morphology including number of demodex mites, hyperkeratinization, inflammation and vascular morphology could be assessed by RCM and OCT in all included skin disorders. Methodological study quality was low, and interstudy outcome variability was high. Quality assessment showed high or unclear risk of bias in 36 studies. Both RCM and OCT visualize quantitative features as size, shape, content and abnormalities of hair follicles, and have potential to support clinical diagnosis and evaluate treatment effects. However, larger studies with better methodological quality are needed to implement RCM and OCT directly into clinical practice.
Normal glymphatic system function in patients with new daily persistent headache using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Wei , Zhang Xueyan , Bai Xiaoyan , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Peng , Bai Ruiliang , Jiao Bingjie , Zhang Yingkui , Li Zhiye , Tang Hefei , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Wang Yonggang , Sui Binbin
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To investigate the glymphatic function in patients with new daily persistent headache (NDPH) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) method.

Background

NDPH, a rare and treatment‐refractory primary headache disorder, is poorly understood. There is limited evidence to suggest that headaches are associated with glymphatic dysfunction. Thus far, no studies have evaluated glymphatic function in patients with NDPH.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study conducted in the Headache Center of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, patients with NDPH and healthy controls were enrolled. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Clinical characteristics and neuropsychological evaluation were examined in patients with NDPH. ALPS indexes for both hemispheres were measured to determine the glymphatic system function in patients with NDPH and healthy controls.

Results

In total, 27 patients with NDPH (14 males, 13 females; age [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]: 36.6 ± 20.6) and 33 healthy controls (15 males, 18 females; age [mean ± SD]: 36.0 ± 10.8) were included in the analysis. No significant differences between groups were observed in the left ALPS index (1.583 ± 0.182 vs. 1.586 ± 0.175, mean difference = 0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI] of difference = −0.089 to 0.096,p = 0.942), or right ALPS index (1.578 ± 0.230 vs. 1.559 ± 0.206, mean difference = −0.027, 95% CI of difference = −0.132 to 0.094,p = 0.738). Additionally, ALPS indexes were not correlated with clinical characteristics or neuropsychiatric scores.

Conclusion

No glymphatic dysfunction was detected in patients with NDPH by means of the ALPS method. Additional studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and improve the understanding of glymphatic function in NDPH.
Giant juvenile fibroadenomas with and without prominent pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH)‐like change: clinicopathological and molecular characteristics
Authors: Jorns Julie M , Farooq Ayesha , Puzyrenko Andrii , Jarzembowski Jason , Thike Aye Aye , Nasir Nur Diyana Md , Ng Cedric Chuan Young , Liu Wei , Lee Jing Yi , Lim Abner Herbert , Guan Peiyong , Teh Bin Tean , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: May 2023

Aims

Juvenile fibroadenomas (JFA) are biphasic fibroepithelial lesions (FEL) usually occurring in adolescent female patients. Giant (G) JFA, like other FEL, may exhibit prominent pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH)‐like change. We sought to determine clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of GJFA with and without PASH.

Methods and results

Archives were searched for cases of GJFA (1985–2020). All were stained for androgen receptor (AR), beta‐catenin, CD34 and progesterone receptor (PR). Cases were sequenced using a custom 16‐gene panel – MED12 (exons 1 and 2), TERT promoter (–124C>T and –146Ctable>T), SETD2, KMT2D, RARA (exons 5–9), FLNA, NF1, PIK3CA (exons 10, 11 and 21), EGFR, RB1, BCOR, TP53, PTEN, ERBB4, IGF1R and MAP3K1. Twenty‐seven GJFA from 21 female patients aged 10.1–25.2 years were identified. Size ranged from 5.2 to 21 cm. Two patients had multiple, bilateral and later recurrent GJFA. Thirteen (48%) cases showed prominent PASH‐like stroma. All were positive for stromal CD34, negative for AR and beta‐catenin and one case showed focal PR expression. Sequencing showed MAP3K1 and SETD2 mutations in 17 samples, with KMT2D, TP53 and BCOR aberrations in 10 (45%), 10 (45%) and seven (32%) cases, respectively. Tumours with a PASH‐like pattern had higher prevalence of SETD2 (P = 0.004) and TP53 (P = 0.029) mutations, while those without PASH had more RB1 mutations (P = 0.043). MED12 mutation was identified in one case. TERT promoter mutation was observed in four (18%), including two recurrences.

Conclusions

Gene mutations along more advanced phases of the proposed FEL pathogenetic pathway in GJFA are unusual, and suggest a mechanism for more aggressive growth in these tumours.
Missed opportunities: saving lives through organ donation following voluntary assisted dying
Authors: Ray Robert , Martin Dominique
Published: May 2023

Organ donation after voluntary assisted dying (VAD) in Australia may potentially increase organ transplant rates. Despite significant international experience with donation after VAD, there has been little discussion of this in Australia. We review potential ethical and practical concerns relating to donation after VAD and advocate action to establish programmes in Australia that ensure safe, ethical and effective donation after VAD.
Perilesional injections of human platelet lysate versus platelet poor plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A double‐blinded prospective clinical trial
Authors: Alhawari Hussam , Jafar Hanan , Al Soudi Mohammad , Ameereh Lena Abu , Fawaris Maram , Saleh Mohanad , Aladwan Safwan , Younes Nidal , Awidi Abdalla
Published: May 2023

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major cause of morbidity, non‐traumatic lower limb amputation in diabetic patients and a high‐cost burden on the healthcare system. New therapeutic products are increasingly tested. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and human platelet lysate (hPL) are reported to be useful. This trial was conducted to test whether the healing effect of hPL in chronic DFU was due to plasma or platelet lysates in a prospective double‐blind design. Autologous PRP was obtained from citrated blood, lysed, and used as drug 1 (active product). The platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) was used as a drug 2 (placebo). Ten patients were enrolled in arm 1 and 9 in arm 2. The drugs were injected perilesionally every 2 weeks for a total of sixinjections. Adverse events were recorded until Week 14. The DFUs were scored per the Texas and Wegner systems. No patient showed any major adverse events. Some reported local pain post‐injection. Wound healing was achieved in the hPL group in 9/10 of patients at a mean of 35.1 days. In the PPP group, no patient had healed by Day 84. The difference was statistically significant at P < 0.00001. We conclude that autologous hPL is safe and highly effective in healing chronic DFU and is superior to autologous PPP.
Effects of magnesium on the structure of aluminoborosilicate glasses: NMR assessment of interatomic potentials models for molecular dynamics
Authors: Bertani Marco , Bisbrouck Nicolas , Delaye Jean‐Marc , Angeli Frédéric , Pedone Alfonso , Charpentier Thibault
Published: May 2023

Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the structural role of Mg and its effect when it is incorporated in sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses. The simulations have been performed using three interatomic potentials; one is based on the rigid ionic model parameterized by Wang et al. (2018) and two slightly different parameterization of the core–shell model provided by Stevensson et al. (2018) and Pedone et al. (2020) The accuracies of these models have been assessed by detailed structural analysis and comparing the simulated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for spin active nuclei (29Si, 27Al, 11B, 17O, 25Mg, and 23Na) with the experimental counterparts collected in a previous work. Our simulations reveal that the core–shell parameterizations provide better structural models. In fact, they better reproduce the NMR spectra of all the investigated nuclei and give better agreement with known experimental data. Magnesium is found to be five coordinated on average with distances with oxygen in between a network modifier (like Na) and an intermediate network formed (like Al). It prefers to lay closer to three‐coordinated B atoms, forming B–NBO bonds, with respect to Si and especially Al. This can explain the formation of AlO5 and AlO6 units in the investigated Na‐free glass, together with a Si clusterization.
The peak‐shift method for the description of structural relaxation in glassy materials: a critical review
Authors: Svoboda Roman
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the glass transition kinetics is most commonly described in terms of the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) model. Evaluation of one of the most prominent features of the structural relaxation motions—the relaxation nonlinearity—was traditionally done using the peak‐shift (PS) method. This paper introduces, for the first time, extensive testing of the PS method by means of theoretical simulations for all practically observable types of structural relaxation behavior and all types of glassy/amorphous materials (tested range of the glass transition temperatures: −55 to 1000°C; tested range of the relaxation activation energies: 300–1300 kJ⋅mol−1). For the majority of types of structural relaxation behavior, the PS method tends to slightly overestimate the value of the TNM nonlinearity parameter x (by ∼ 0.05–0.10). In the specific cases of the highly linear behavior (↑ x) combined with a broad distribution of relaxation times, the PS method systematically vastly underestimates the value of x. A new, improved temperature program was proposed for the PS method, eliminating the major intrinsic drawback of the originally proposed version of the PS methodology. In addition, based on the comparison between the theoretically simulated and real‐life experimental data, a new approach (based on the characteristic PS dependence shape) was introduced to estimate the width of the relaxation times distribution.
Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Shijie , Zhou Zhanyang , Miao Huanhuan , Zhang Yuqing
Published: May 2023

To determine quantitative differences between weight loss and changes in clinic blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory BP in patients with obesity or overweight, the authors performed a meta‐analysis. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to June 2022. Studies that compared clinic or ambulatory BP with weight loss were included. A random effect model was applied to pool the differences between clinic BP and ambulatory BP. Thirty‐five studies, for a total of 3219 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly reduced by 5.79 mmHg (95% CI, 3.54–8.05) and 3.36 mmHg (95% CI, 1.93–4.75) after a mean body mass index (BMI) reduction of 2.27 kg/m2, and the SBP and DBP were significantly reduced by 6.65 mmHg (95% CI, 5.16–8.14) and 3.63 mmHg (95% CI, 2.03–5.24) after a mean BMI reduction of 4.12 kg/m2. The BP reductions were much larger in patients with a BMI decrease ≥3 kg/m2 than in patients with less BMI decrease, both for clinic SBP [8.54 mmHg (95% CI, 4.62–12.47)] versus [3.83 mmHg (95% CI, 1.22–6.45)] and clinic DBP [3.45 mmHg (95% CI, 1.59–5.30)] versus [3.15 mmHg (95% CI, 1.21–5.10)]. The significant reduction of the clinic and ambulatory BP followed the weight loss, and this phenomenon could be more notable after medical intervention and a larger weight loss.
A prospective study of the relative contribution of adolescent peer support quantity and quality to depressive symptoms
Authors: Letkiewicz Allison M. , Li Lilian Y. , Hoffman Lija M.K. , Shankman Stewart A.
Published: May 2023

Background

During adolescence, peer support has an increasingly important role in identity formation and well‐being. Prior research has identified that lack of social support from peers in adolescence is a potent risk factor for depression. Two ways that social support has been operationalized is by the number of one's friends (i.e., ‘quantity’) and perception of one's network (i.e., ‘quality’). Typically, these aspects of peer support are assessed separately.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 3,857), this study sought to test whether (1) adolescent depression relates to having fewer friends versus lower quality friendships, (2) these aspects of adolescent peer support prospectively predict depression in adulthood, (3) gender moderates the effects of peer support on depression, and (4) these aspects of peer support buffer the effects of stressful life events on depression.

Results

Peer support quality uniquely predicted depression in adolescence and adulthood among both males and females. The effect of peer support quality on depressive symptoms, however, was greater for females than males. By contrast, peer support quantity did not uniquely predict depression for males or females.

Conclusions

Qualitative aspects of adolescent peer support uniquely contribute to mental health not only in adolescence, but in adulthood as well. Potential processes through which peer support relates to depression are discussed, as well as implications for treatment.
Evaluation of an electronic medical record−based Paediatric Nutrition Screening Tool
Authors: Hilbrands Julia , Feuling Mary Beth , Szabo Aniko , Teng Bi Q. , Burgess Chandler , Clark Brittani , Crouse Jennifer , Fortin Heather , Heisler Becky , Karls Catherine , Lampone Olivia , Matschull Lauren , Seyfert Marissa , Smith Amber , Goday Praveen S.
Published: May 2023

Background

Nutrition screening is recommended to identify children at risk for malnutrition. A unique screening tool was developed based on American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommendations and embedded in the electronic medical record to assess for nutrition risk.

Methods

The components of the tool included the Paediatric Nutrition Screening Tool (PNST) and other elements recommended by ASPEN. To evaluate the screening tool, retrospective data were analysed on all patients admitted to acute care units of Children's Wisconsin in 2019. Data collected included nutrition screen results, diagnosis and nutrition status. All patients who received at least one full nutrition assessment by a registered dietitian (RD) were included in analysis.

Results

One thousand five hundred seventy‐five patients were included in analysis. The following screen elements were significantly associated with a diagnosis of malnutrition: any positive screen (p < 0.001), >2 food allergies (p = 0.009), intubation (p < 0.001), parenteral nutrition (p = 0.005), RD‐identified risk (p < 0.001), positive risk per the PNST (p < 0.001), BMI‐for‐age or weight‐for‐length z‐score (p < 0.001), intake <50% for 3 days (p = 0.012) and NPO > 3 days (p = 0.009). The current screen had a sensitivity of 93.9%, specificity of 20.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 30.9% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89.8%. This is compared with the PNST which had a sensitivity of 32%, specificity of 94.2%, PPV of 71% and NPV of 75.8% in this study population.

Conclusion

This unique screening tool is useful for predicting nutrition risk and has a greater sensitivity than the PNST alone.
Report of terbinafine resistantTrichophytonspp. in Italy: Clinical presentations, molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility testing and mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene
Authors: Bortoluzzi P. , Prigitano A. , Sechi A. , Boneschi V. , Germiniasi F. , Esposto M. C. , Romanò L. , Pavan G. , Matinato C. , Veraldi S. , Marzano A. V. , Grancini A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Numerous reports of resistance to terbinafine inTrichophytonspp. from all over the world are arousing justified attention and concern. Point mutations in the gene that encodes the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) enzyme are responsible for these therapeutic resistances.

Objectives

Primary objective of the study was to describe first isolates ofTrichophytonspp. resistant to terbinafine among the patients treated between September 2019 and June 2022 at the Dermatology Units of Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and San Bortolo Hospital. Secondary objective was to study the resistance mechanism.

Methods

Patients with confirmedTrichophytonspp. infection has been treated with systemic and topical terbinafine. Patients were then re‐evaluated 12 weeks after the therapy. Patients with incomplete or absent response to terbinafine underwent a new skin scraping for direct mycological examination, new identification of dermatophyte species from culture and MALDI‐TOF, molecular species identification, antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular analysis of SQLE gene.

Results

We identified five patients without clinical response to treatment with terbinafine. The DNA sequencing of the ITS region identified oneTrichophyton rubrumand fourTrichophyton indotineae. TheT. rubrumstrain showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (90% growth inhibition) of 4 mg/L for terbinafine. The fourT. indotineaestrains showed a MICs range of 0.25–4 mg/L for terbinafine. The analysis of the SQLE gene in theT. rubrumstrain showed a nucleotide substitution generating a missense mutation (L393F). The SQLE gene sequencing in theT. indotineaestrains showed a nucleotide substitution generating a missense mutation (F397L) in two strains, a nucleotide substitution L393S in one strain and a nucleotide substitution F415C in another strain.

Conclusions

We report the first cases of terbinafine‐resistantTrichophytonisolates in the Italian population. Solid antifungal management programs will be needed to promote more responsible use of antimycotics and preserve their therapeutic efficacy to control antifungal resistance.
Renal involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: A narrative review
Authors: La Bella Saverio , Di Ludovico Armando , Di Donato Giulia , Scorrano Giovanna , Chiarelli Francesco , Vivarelli Marina , Breda Luciana
Published: May 2023

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are mostly caused by dysfunctions in single genes encoding for proteins with a prominent role in the regulation of innate immunity, such as complement factors, inflammasome components, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and proteins belonging to type I‐interferon (IFN) signalling pathways. Due to the deposition of amyloid A (AA) fibrils in the glomeruli, unprovoked inflammation in AIDs frequently affects renal health. In fact, secondary AA amyloidosis is the most common form of amyloidosis in children. It is caused by the extracellular deposition of fibrillar low‐molecular weight protein subunits resulting from the degradation and accumulation of serum amyloid A (SAA) in numerous tissues and organs, primarily the kidneys. The molecular mechanisms underlying AA amyloidosis in AIDs are the elevated levels of SAA, produced by the liver in response to pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and a genetic predisposition due to specific SAA isoforms. Despite the prevalence of amyloid kidney disease, non‐amyloid kidney diseases may also be responsible for chronic renal damage in children with AIDs, albeit with distinct characteristics. Glomerular damage can result in various forms of glomerulonephritis with distinct histologic characteristics and a different underlying pathophysiology. This review aims to describe the potential renal implications in patients with inflammasomopathies, type‐I interferonopathies, and other rare AIDs in an effort to improve the clinical course and quality of life in paediatric patients with renal involvement.
The ubiquitin‐binding protein MdRAD23D1 mediates drought response by regulating degradation of the proline‐rich protein MdPRP6 in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Li , Gong Xiao‐Qing , Su Xin‐Jian , Yu Hai‐Xia , Cheng Si‐Yuan , Huang Jing‐Wen , Li Dan‐Yang , Lei Zhao‐Long , Li Ming‐jun , Ma Feng‐wang
Published: May 2023

RAD23 (RADIATION SENSITIVE23) proteins are a group of UBL‐UBA (ubiquitin‐like‐ubiquitin‐associated) proteins that shuttle ubiquitylated proteins to the 26S proteasome for breakdown. Drought stress is a major environmental constraint that limits plant growth and production, but whether RAD23 proteins are involved in this process is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a shuttle protein, MdRAD23D1, mediated drought response in apple plants (Malus domestica). MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought stress, and its suppression resulted in decreased stress tolerance in apple plants. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 interacted with a proline‐rich protein MdPRP6, resulting in the degradation of MdPRP6 by the 26S proteasome. And MdRAD23D1 accelerated the degradation of MdPRP6 under drought stress. Suppression of MdPRP6 resulted in enhanced drought tolerance in apple plants, mainly because the free proline accumulation is changed. And the free proline is also involved in MdRAD23D1‐mediated drought response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 and MdPRP6 oppositely regulated drought response. MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought, accelerating the degradation of MdPRP6. MdPRP6 negatively regulated drought response, probably by regulating proline accumulation. Thus, “MdRAD23D1‐MdPRP6” conferred drought stress tolerance in apple plants.
Politicization of a Pathogen: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of COVID‐19 Responses in a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample
Authors: Relihan Daniel P. , Holman E. Alison , Garfin Dana Rose , Ditto Peter H. , Silver Roxane Cohen
Published: May 2023

Understanding population‐level variability in responses to pathogens over time is important for developing effective health‐based messages targeted at ideologically diverse populations. Research from psychological and political sciences suggests that party and elite cues shape how people respond to major threats like climate change. Research on responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic suggests similar variability across party identities; however, prior work has methodological limitations. This prospective, longitudinal study of a large probability‐based nationally representative U.S. sample assessed in March–April 2020 (N = 6,514) and then 6 months later in September–October 2020 (N = 5,661) demonstrates that COVID‐19 fear, perceived COVID‐19 death risk, and reported health‐protective behaviors became increasingly polarized over the first 6 months of the pandemic. Initial differences between Democrats and Republicans failed to converge over time and became more pronounced. Responses among Republicans were further polarized by support for former President Donald Trump: Trump Republicans initially reported weaker responses to COVID‐19 than non‐Trump Republicans, and these differences became more pronounced over time. Importantly, political identity and Trump support were not linked to perceived infection risk of a nonpoliticized pathogen, the flu. Finally, political identity and Republican Trump support prospectively predicted COVID‐19 vaccine intentions 6 months into the pandemic.
The role of makerspaces in innovation processes: an exploratory study
Authors: Zakoth David , Mauroner Oliver , Emes Jutta
Published: May 2023

Makerspaces democratize technology access and therefore improve the chances for innovation and entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, we know little about how innovation happens in collaborative innovation spaces like makerspaces. To unleash the full potential of makerspaces, it is essential to understand what resources and environments support innovation for makerspace users. Against this background, this research study aims to explore how different makerspace user groups leverage makerspace resources during their innovation process. To achieve this, we use the resource‐based view in combination with an open innovation perspective and examine the relevance of makerspace resources (knowledge, technology, social, and financial) during the different stages of the innovation journey (ideation, development and prototyping, commercialization and diffusion). In contrast to prior work, we focus on different makerspace user groups within an industry‐specific makerspace and investigate how open innovation strategies (inbound, outbound, and coupled) are used to leverage the makerspace resources to develop innovation projects. Since the object of investigation is broadly unexplored and complex, we use an embedded single case study approach to explore 10 different projects within a makerspace with a specific focus on photonics. Photonics is described as a so‐called enabling technology that carries a considerable potential for cross‐industry innovation. The qualitative content analysis revealed that professional and hobby users differ in their makerspace resource use and their modes of openness across the innovation journey. Furthermore, we find that makerspaces can take the role of a facilitator or incubator depending on who uses the makerspace to innovate.
Refusals, radical vulnerability, and hungry translations – a conversation with Richa Nagar
Authors: Nagar Richa , Meier Isabel , Spathopoulou Aila
Published: May 2023

Richa Nagar is Professor of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies and holds the title of Professor of the College at the University of Minnesota. Her multilingual and multi-genre work blends scholarship, creative writing, theatre, and activism to build alliances with people’s struggles and to engage questions of ethics, responsibility, and justice. We contacted Richa in December 2021 with a request to contribute to our special issue. Richa kindly agreed to engage in a written conversation on questions of refusal as they emerge in her intellectual and political journey and in her trilogy, Playing with Fire: Feminist Thought and Activism through Seven Lives in India (2006), Muddying the Waters: Coauthoring Feminisms Across Scholarship and Activism (2014), and Hungry Translations: Relearning the World Through Radical Vulnerability (2019). We present that conversation in this article.
Biomechanical Analysis of Mandibular Bone-Implant Construct With Three Implant Screw Design: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Banerjee Anik , Choudhury Sandeep , Rana Masud , Chakraborty Arindam , Gupta Abhisek , Chowdhury Amit Roy
Published: May 2023

Temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a surgical procedure that relies heavily on the biomechanical properties of the implant-bone interface for success. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commonly used implant screw thread designs (buttress, square, and triangle) on the biomechanical performance of the mandibular bone-implant construct, with the aim of improving osseointegration. Using finite element analysis, we simulated the mechanical behavior of the prosthesis and mandible and examined the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. We considered five coefficients of friction ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 in our analyses. Our hypothesis was that changing the screw thread shape while keeping the pitch, height, and depth constant could enhance the biomechanical environment at the peri-implant bone. Our results indicate that the square thread design produced the highest stress concentration, while the triangle thread design exhibited the most favorable distribution of stress around the implant. Furthermore, increasing the coefficient of friction led to an increase in stress concentration in the implant and surrounding bone. Our findings offer valuable insights into the biomechanical performance of different screw thread designs in the mandibular bone-implant construct. They highlight the significance of considering screw thread shape and coefficient of friction in TMJR implant design. Future studies should incorporate the viscoelastic properties of bone to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis. This research contributes to the optimization of TMJR implants and ultimately enhances patient outcomes.
Cascading failures in COVID-19 vaccine equity
Authors: Lavery James V. , Porter Rachael M. , Addiss David G.
Published: May 2023

Ethical analysis should encompass upstream decisions and their downstream consequences
Where and with whom does a brief social-belonging intervention promote progress in college?
Authors: Walton Gregory M. , Murphy Mary C. , Logel Christine , Yeager David S. , Goyer J. Parker , Brady Shannon T. , Emerson Katherine T. U. , Paunesku David , Fotuhi Omid , Blodorn Alison , Boucher Kathryn L. , Carter Evelyn R. , Gopalan Maithreyi , Henderson Amy , Kroeper Kathryn M. , Murdock-Perriera Lisel Alice , Reeves Stephanie L. , Ablorh Tsotso T. , Ansari Shahana , Chen Susie , Fisher Peter , Galvan Manuel , Gilbertson Madison Kawakami , Hulleman Chris S. , Le Forestier Joel M. , Lok Christopher , Mathias Katie , Muragishi Gregg A. , Netter Melanie , Ozier Elise , Smith Eric N. , Thoman Dustin B. , Williams Heidi E. , Wilmot Matthew O. , Hartzog Cassie , Li X. Alice , Krol Natasha
Published: May 2023

A promising way to mitigate inequality is by addressing students’ worries about belonging. But where and with whom is this social-belonging intervention effective? Here we report a team-science randomized controlled experiment with 26,911 students at 22 diverse institutions. Results showed that the social-belonging intervention, administered online before college (in under 30 minutes), increased the rate at which students completed the first year as full-time students, especially among students in groups that had historically progressed at lower rates. The college context also mattered: The intervention was effective only when students’ groups were afforded opportunities to belong. This study develops methods for understanding how student identities and contexts interact with interventions. It also shows that a low-cost, scalable intervention generalizes its effects to 749 4-year institutions in the United States.