bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P365: Circulating and Kidney EVs in Angiotensin-induced HTN In Mice
Authors: La Salvia Sabrina , Musante Luca , Lannigan Joanne , Cechova Sylvia , Le Thu H , Erdbrügger Uta
Published: December 2018

There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be novel bio-markers and bio-activators in the pathogenesis of HTN. We hypothesize that the phenotypes of EVs from the circulation and kidney are altered in Angiotensin II (AII) induced HTN and normalize with anti-hypertensive treatment (Rx). AII was delivered via osmotic mini pumps (500 ng/kg/min) alone, or with candesartan (C) @ 10 mg/kg/day, or with hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, reserpine (HHR) @ 30/10/0.2 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 2 weeks to 129S6 mice (n = 5 each). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured daily for 2 weeks by tail-cuff manometry. After 2 weeks, mice were euthanized and citrated blood and kidneys collected. Kidney EVs (KEVs) were isolated after incubation with Collagenase type A and subsequent DC. Both circulating EVs and KEVs were isolated through differential centrifugation and characterized by imaging flow cytometry (AmnisImage-StreamX Mark II) using PECAM-1 (CD31), leukocyte (CD45), platelet (CD41) and endothelial (CD105) markers. AII treated mice had significantly higher SBP (mmHg) (162.05 ± 7.20) than normotensive controls ((N) 120.25 ± 7.12), p=0.02. SBP was similarly reduced with C and HHR (134.12 ± 6.15 and 122.45 ± 5.20, respectively, p=NS), and significantly lower than AII, p=0.0026 and =0.03, respectively). Circulating leukocyte derived EVs (LEVs, CD31+/CD45+) increased after 2 weeks in AII treated mice compared to N (AII 2.01E+0.3, N 2.04E+0.4 particles/mL; p=0.0130). This effect was not observed with endothelial and platelet derived EVs. Numbers of circulating LEVs correlated significantly with SBP [(r
2
=0.675); p=0.0029]. Circulating LEVs were reduced after equal normalization of SBP, though no difference in EVs was observed between Rx with C and HHR. CD45+ KEVs in AII treated mice were significantly increased compared to N (AII 7.52E+05 vs N 4.79E+04; p= 0.0257). KEVs also correlated significantly with SBP [(r
2
=0.682); p=0.0032]. In conclusion, circulating and kidney derived EVs may play a role in the immune response in HTN and may be influenced by blood pressure threshold, independent of AT
1
receptor activation. Further studies are needed to confirm and to characterize specific subtype(s) of LEVs and dissect their functional role.
Abstract P366: Summary Proceedings From The American Heart Association Western Affiliate Commission Of Blood Pressure Task Force: Statement On Institutional And Population Health Strategies To Achieve Blood Pressure Control In Diverse Communities
Authors: Kuo Tony , Chen Steven , Oh Sang-Mi , Lee Cevadne , Fu Lily , AHA Western States Affiliate Commission of Blood Pressure Task Force
Published: December 2018

Objective:
The AHA Western States Affiliate (WSA) Commission of Blood Pressure Task Force (TF) sought to establish an evidence base to guide health and population health strategies for blood pressure (BP) control across diverse communities, namely: (1) team care strategies such as pharmacist intervention, engagement of at-risk populations by community pharmacists, and medication management in the neighborhood setting; (2) self-care approaches such as self-monitoring interventions; (3) culturally-tailored diet modification, including DASH and sodium reduction; and (4) social conditions and other factors that may impede or facilitate medication adherence.

Methods:
Along with TF proceedings, a series of systematic reviews were conducted to examine 4 categories of intervention, yielding 51 articles and summary reviews on the impact and implementation contexts of these interventions. Search terms included “hypertension”, “blood pressure”, “team-based care”, “self-monitoring” and “home-monitoring”. Synthesis of the evidence is being carried out by a panel of experts who are rating the strength of each identified study using the American Academy of Family Physicians’ Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) system. SORT is a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in medical literature, offering interpretation of data applicable to practice settings.

Results:
WSA reaches 70 million adults comprising 50% diverse adults. The multi-layer review and synthesis of the evidence suggests pharmacist strategies such as coordinated medication therapy management and BP self-monitoring in diverse communities have beneficial impact on helping patients reach AHA/ACC and JNC7 target BP goals. The TF also found that strategy implementation to fidelity can be difficult to achieve in real world settings.

Conclusions:
Results from the TF proceedings and synthesis suggest all 4 categories of intervention showed promising outcomes; however, more research is needed to demonstrate their impact collectively or in combination. Additionally, barriers and facilitators to effective use of these interventions may require novel study using emerging models of complex systems and dissemination, implementation, and improvement (DII) sciences.
Abstract P368: Predicting the Risk of Refractory Hypertension
Authors: Buhnerkempe Michael , Botchway Albert , Nolasco Morales Carlos E , Prakash Vivek , Flack John M
Published: December 2018

Background:
Refractory hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) when taking five or more classes of antihypertensive medication, including a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Refractory hypertension represents a potential extreme along the spectrum of hypertension phenotypes. However, due to the rarity and recent definition of refractory hypertension, relatively little is known about quantifying risk of this phenotype.

Methods:
Refractory hypertension was retrospectively assessed in patients seen at an urban referral hypertension clinic using a BP goal of 140/90 mmHg. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 30) were excluded, and the 1179 included patients had at least one follow-up visit in a window 28 to 240 days after their index visit. Patients were mostly African-American (86%; 1018/1179) and female (65%; 766/1179). Risk for refractory hypertension was estimated using logistic regression with patient characteristics at index visit as predictors (i.e., age, BMI, eGFR, number of adequately dosed antihypertensive medication classes taken at the index visit, BP above goal, diabetes, gender, race, and smoking status). Performance of this risk score at discriminating refractory hypertension over follow-up was assessed using AUC and was internally validated using bootstrapping.

Results:
Only 25/1179 (2.1%) developed refractory hypertension. Old age, higher BMI, more antihypertensive medication classes taken at index visit, higher BP, and diabetes were all associated with increased refractory hypertension risk. The risk score discriminated well (AUC = 0.88, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.82, 0.92]). In our patient population, 683/1179 (57.9%) had estimated risks for development of refractory hypertension < 1%. Of these low-risk patients, 682/683 (99.9%) failed to develop refractory hypertension (negative predictive value, 0.997 [0.99, 1.00]).

Conclusions:
We created a novel clinical score that discriminates well between those who will and will not develop refractory hypertension and that is particularly useful at identifying patients with little to no risk of refractory hypertension.
Abstract P374: 24-h Blood Pressure Profile, Non-dipping Status And Incidence Of Resistant Hypertension In Patients Randomized To Bariatric Surgery Versus Medical Therapy: The Gateway Randomized Trial
Authors: Schiavon Carlos A , Ikeoka Dimas , Santucci Eliana V , Santos Renato N , Damiani Lucas P , Oliveira Juliana D , Torreglosa Camila R , Bersch-Ferreira Angela C , Miranda Tamiris A , Barros Silvana d , Halpern Hélio , Monteiro Frederico L , Cohen Ricardo V , Noujaim Patricia M , Souza Márcio G , Amodeo Celso , Bortolloto Luiz , Berwanger Otávio , Cavalcanti Alexandre B , Drager Luciano F
Published: December 2018

Background:
Bariatric surgery represents an effective strategy for office blood pressure (BP) reduction in obese hypertensive patients. However, no previous study evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on 24-h BP profile, non-dipping status and incidence of resistant hypertension (RH).

Methods:
This is a sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial including hypertensive patients with grade 1 and 2 obesity, aged 18 to 65 years, using at least 2 drugs at optimal doses or >2 at moderate doses. Patients were randomly allocated to either Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) with medical therapy (MT) or MT alone for 12 months. We analyzed the 24-h BP profile, non-dipping status (defined by <10% of systolic BP reduction during sleep as compared to the daytime period) and RH incidence.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included (76% female, age 43.8±9.2 years, BMI 36.9±2.7 Kg/m
2
). The 24-h BP profile was similar at 12 months in both groups, but the RYGB group required less anti-hypertensive classes compared to the MT alone (Figure). The rate of non-dipping BP did not change significantly during the follow-up (RYGB: from 18/48 (37.5%) to 22/48 (45.8%); p=0.30; MT: from 16/33 (48.5%) to 15/33 (45.5%); p=0.80). In an exploratory analysis, the incidence of RH was similar at the baseline (RYGB 10% (5/50) and MT 16% (8/50); p=0.38). After 12 months, it changed significantly in the RYGB group: 0% (0/49) while remained stable in the MT group: 14.9% (7/47) (p<0.001).

Conclusions:
RYGB significantly reduced anti-hypertensive medications while promoting similar 24-h BP profile and non-dipping BP status compared to the MT alone. RYGB may be an attractive strategy to reduce RH incidence in obese patients.
Abstract P375: Association Between Use of Alpha-Blockers and Hypotension and Hypotension-Related Clinical Events in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Hiremath Swapnil , Ruzicka Marcel , Sood Manish
Published: December 2018

Importance:
Alpha- blockers (AB) are commonly prescribed agents in the treatment of hypertension. Little is known regarding the risk of hypotension and hypotension-related clinical outcomes in patients with advanced age with ongoing treatment for hypertension.

Objective:
To assess the risk of hypotension and hypotension-related adverse events (syncope, falls, fractures), major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality with AB use compared to other anti-hypertensives.

Methods:
Population-based, retrospective cohort study of 933,033 eligible adults of advanced age (> 66 years) prescribed an anti-hypertensive medication between 1995 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada. A high dimensional propensity score was used to match AB prescription to other anti-hypertensives. AB exposure was modeled as a time-varying and cumulative covariate using extended, conditional Cox proportional hazards to examine the association with outcomes. Primary outcome was hospitalization or emergency room usage for hypotension and related complications (syncope, fractures, falls). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

Results:
Among 69,092 matched patients prescribed AB, the incident rate of hypotension related complications were higher compared to other anti-hypertensives (hypotension 1.15 vs. 0.39, syncope 1.47 vs. 0.46, falls 4.37 vs. 1.37, fractures 2.23 vs. 0.69 per 100 person-years of follow-up). In time-varying exposure models with additional adjustment for the total number of anti-hypertensives, the higher risk persisted (hypotension HR 1.34 95%CI 1.26-1.43, syncope HR 1.49 95%CI 1.41-1.57, falls HR 1.27 95%CI 1.23-1.32, HR fractures 1.41 95%CI 1.34-1.48). Secondary outcomes of MACE and all-cause mortality were higher or similar among AB users (MACE IR 7.03 vs. 2.31, mortality 6.54 vs 6.37 per 100 person-years follow-up). The risk was highest among those > 85 and differed by the number of total anti-hypertensives prescribed.

Conclusions:
The use of AB is associated with a higher risk of hypotension-related events and other complications. Our findings suggest other anti-hypertensive agents be considered especially among those of advanced age or based on the number of total anti-hypertensive agents.
Abstract P395: Blood Pressure Screening in Teenage Blood Donors Using the New American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines
Authors: Sutor Laurie , Eason Stephen J , Goudar Shankar , Centilli Jeff , Sayers Merlyn H
Published: December 2018

Background:
Screening of youngsters is valuable in identifying current or future health risk. Since approximately 20% of all blood donated in the U.S. comes from teenagers, blood donation is an opportunity to screen younger individuals. We decided to capitalize on this opportunity and investigate the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure in teenagers using the new American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines which lowered the threshold for what could be considered a raised blood pressure. Since comparative data are limited in this age group we also decided to report our results by gender and race.

Study:
Participants were volunteer donors at high schools, aged 16-19 years, who donated between 2015 and 2017. Blood pressure was measured using automated equipment (Welch Allyn, ProBP). Blood pressure was classified as suggested by the AAP: normal (<120/<80), prehypertension (120/<80 to129/<80), Stage 1 hypertension (130/80 to139/89), and stage 2 hypertension (≥140/90). Donors were invited to declare their ethnicity at the time of donation.

Results:
During the study period there were 80,950 individual donors,10.8% (8,774) were African American, 4.2% (3,410) Asian, 51.9% (42,040) Caucasian and 33.0% (26,726) Hispanic. More males than females, in all ethnicities, had blood pressures above normal. % 16 - 19 year old blood donors (donating from 2015-2017) categorized by the AAP blood pressure guidelines, by ethnicity and gender (N=80,950)

Conclusion:
Blood donation is confirmed as an opportunity to screen blood pressure in an ostensibly healthy subset of the younger population. This scrutiny does identify teenagers deserving follow up and also reveals ethnic and gender differences.
Abstract P396: Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cardiovascular Response to Head Up Tilt in Adolescents Suffering from Syncope
Authors: Shaltout Hossam A
Published: December 2018

Background:
In previous work we identified a group of adolescents whose diagnostic workup for chronic unexplained nausea revealed underlying cardiovascular instability manifesting as orthostatic intolerance (OI) and syncope. These patients exhibited impairment in autonomic function and excessive release of catecholamines (Epi / NE) and vasopressin (AVP) upon head up tilt compared to pre tilt. They also had low vitamin D level that correlated with the severity of symptoms on tilt. In this pilot study we hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation to normal levels will improve the cardiovascular response to tilt and reduce NE/Epi and AVP release.

Methods:
A cohort of seven Adolescents (mean age= 16.2 years) who are vitamin D deficient had a head up tilt at baseline and after two months of vitamin D supplementation (2000-5000 IU daily based on baseline level). Heart rate, blood pressure, NE/Epi and AVP were measured in supine and standing position. Total time on tilt was also recorded.

Results:
As see in the table. Compared to baseline, vitamin D supplementation reduced the HR elevation post HUT and reduced NE/Epi baseline levels and ameliorated the elevation in AVP after HUT.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D supplementation for two months restored vitamin D to normal levels and was associated with less nausea symptoms during tilt and lower level of baseline catecholamines. It was also associated with less release of NE/Epi and vasopressin post head up tilt and longer duration of standing on tilt table. These data provides evidence of potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation for patients suffering from syncope who are vitamin D deficient
Abstract P397: Obesity Modifies the Association between Food Insecurity and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Brown Callie , South Andrew M , Palakshappa Deepak
Published: December 2018

Background:
Over 16% of children in the United States live in households with food insecurity (FI), the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods. FI is associated with several health disparities and, along with obesity, is independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, it is not known if obesity modifies the association between FI and hypertension.

Objective:
To determine if obesity moderates the association between FI and high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents.

Design and Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study of low-income children aged 2-17 years who presented for a well visit between March 1, 2016 and February 28, 2017. Data were collected via automated and manual electronic chart review. FI was assessed using a validated 2-item FI questionnaire. Height, weight, and BP were measured by nursing staff according to clinic protocol. We calculated BMI and categorized weight status per CDC guidelines and defined high BP as i) systolic BP or diastolic BP ≥90th %ile for age <13 years or ≥120/80 mmHg for age ≥13 years. Extracted covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geocoded address (to assess whether the child lives in a food desert). We used logistic regression to assess the association between FI and high BP, adjusting for race/ethnicity and living in a food desert and stratifying by overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85
th
%ile).

Results:
FI was present in 9.0% (242 of 2688) of subjects, 10.6% (284 of 2667) had high BP, and 43.5% (1298 of 2984) had overweight/obesity. Stratification by weight status revealed that in children with overweight/obesity, FI lowered the likelihood of high BP (
β
: -0.088, 95% CI -0.177 to -0.0004) while in healthy-weight children, the relationship was attenuated (
β
: -0.005, 95% CI -0.054 to 0.043).

Conclusions:
We found that FI was inversely associated with high BP in children with obesity, an effect that was attenuated in healthy-weight children. This could be due to differential effects of FI on dietary intake in children with obesity compared to those without. More research is needed to elucidate the role diet plays among high BP, FI, and obesity in children.
Abstract P399: Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index Values are Associated With a Greater Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Renal Impairment and Relevant Vascular Findings in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Pompeu Filho Jose C , Silva Ricardo P , Pompeu Raquel P , Nojoza Wandervânia G , Gomes Filho Jedson V , Falcão João L , Falcão Sandra N , Bortolotto Luiz
Published: December 2018

Few studies have examined the correlation between the presence of peripheral artery disease diagnosed by ankle-brachial-index (ABI) and cumulative target organ damage (kidney, heart and vessels) in hypertensive patients with diabetes. For this purpose, we evaluated the prevalence of target organ damage as evidenced by an echocardiogram, Doppler carotid scan, retinography and glomerular filtration rate according to ABI values in 99 hypertensive diabetic patients. The patients were classified into a normal ABI group (1.4 ≥ ABI > 0.9) and abnormal ABI group (ABI ≤ 0.9 or ABI>1.4). From the data obtained, we analysed cumulative number, mean and frequency (mean) of lesions in target organs. The mean age of the patients was 65.4 ±7 years, and 61.6% were women. There were no differences concerning age, gender, race, body mass index, and metabolic profile between the normal (49 patients) and abnormal ABI group (50 patients), but higher levels of systolic blood pressure were observed in abnormal ABI group compared to normal ABI group (170.3 ± 26 vs. 153.3 ± 18; p = 0.002). In patients with abnormal ABI, it was observed a higher prevalence of left ventricular hipertrophy (56% vs. 26,5%, p = 0,003), internal carotid stenosis > 50% (13,7% vs. 3,2%, p = 0,009) and glomerular filtration rate < 60ml/1,73m
2
/min (33,3% vs. 12,8%, p = 0,018). Abnormal ABI group has a higher frequency of 2 or more lesions (54% vs. 20.4%, p < 0.001), a greater mean number of lesions (2.37 ± 1 vs. 0.71 ± 0.7, p < 0.001), as well as a higher frequency of target organs damage (0.36 ± 0.31 vs. 0.19 ± 0.19, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed abnormal ABI as an independent factor related to the higher frequency of target organ damage (OR = 13.22; 95% CI = 1.81-24.63; p = 0.024). In conclusion, hypertensive diabetic patients with abnormal ABI values had a higher prevalence of single and cumulative target organ damage.
A review of the genus Agetocera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) in Taiwan—are there only two species?
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG , BEZDĔK JAN , STAINES CHARLES L.
Published: December 2018

The Taiwanese species of Agetocera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are reviewed. Three new species, A. yuae, A. choui, and A. huatungensis are described and A. discedens Weise and A. taiwana Chûjô are redescribed. Agetocera taiwana together with the new species form a group of four sibling species. The Agetocera taiwana species group is defined and a key to Taiwanese Agetocera species is provided.
New Coelotine spiders from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, Southwestern China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae)
Authors: LIU JIE , LI SHUQIANG
Published: December 2018

Four new species of coelotine species from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, Yunnan, China are described: Coelotes forficatus sp. nov., Draconarius bannaensis sp. nov., Draconarius exiguus sp. nov. and Draconarius turriformis sp. nov. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all the four new species are given. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
Transversotrematidae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) are rich and abundant on Indo-Pacific fishes
Authors: HUNTER JANET A. , CRIBB THOMAS H.
Published: December 2018

The Transversotrematidae, perhaps because of their unique and obscure habitat under the scales of fishes, have been little reported in surveys and studies of trematodes of marine fishes. At present there are just three fully marine species recognized. We have surveyed 2604 individuals, from 359 species and 71 families, of marine fishes from a range of sites mainly from coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific. We found infections on 87 species and 15 families of fishes; one family, Monodactylidae, is new for transversotrematids. Morphological and molecular analyses suggest that, in addition to Crusziella formosa which parasitizes only mugilids, there are three complexes of species of Transversotrema; one associated with mullids only, one with haemulids, labrids, lethrinids and scarids, and one associated with at least 13 families of fishes. Molecular evidence suggests that these complexes comprise at least 22 species. Overall we conclude that the richness of this family has been significantly underestimated and that it is rich and abundant on fishes of the Indo-Pacific.
Revision of the Afrotropical flea beetle genus Serraphula Jacoby and description of Bechynella, a new genus from Western and Central Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)
Authors: BIONDI MAURIZIO , D’ALESSANDRO PAOLA
Published: December 2018

In this paper a revision of the Afrotropical flea beetle genus Serraphula Jacoby, 1897 is reported. Three species previously attributed to this genus are transferred to the new genus Bechynella gen. n. and the following new combinations are established: Bechynella bohumilae (Bechyné, 1955) comb. n.; Bechynella pallens (Bechyné, 1955) comb. n.; Bechynella sesengensis (Bechyné, 1959) comb. n. The genus Serraphula includes currently 19 species, 16 of which are new to sci-ence: Serraphula aenea Jacoby, 1897; S. elongata Jacoby, 1900; S. puncticollis Bryant, 1944; S. alticola sp. n.; S. audisiana sp. n.; S. bulirschi sp. n.; S. colonnellii sp. n.; S. debiasei sp. n.; S. drakensbergensis sp. n.; S. duplessisi sp. n.; S. grobbelaariae sp. n.; S. monticola sp. n.; S. mpumalangaensis sp. n.; S. natalensis sp. n.; S. oberprieleri sp. n.; S. osellai sp. n.; S. transvaalensis sp. n.; S. uysi sp. n.; S. wittmeri sp. n. Lectotypes for S. aenea, S. elongata and S. puncticollis are designated. A key to all the species is presented as well as line drawings of male and female genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of some diagnostic morphological characters, and autoecological and distributional data.
On the neotropical species described under the genus Isophya (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)
Authors: BRAUN HOLGER
Published: December 2018

At the time of writing this little paper, the genus Isophya contains 90 valid species and 11 subspecies, according to Orthoptera Species File Online (Eades & Otte), subsequently abbreviated OSF. The distribution of these brachypterous katydids comprises Europe and western Asia, with most species occurring in the eastern Mediterranean. Only six of the species are from South America. In a revision of the genus Ramme (1951) excluded the neotropical species, which he considered to belong to a particular genus (footnote p. 136). In 1960, encouraged by Uvarov, Karabag already had transferred two Isophya species from Paraguay to his new genus Anisophya: A. hamata and, although not explicitly, A. borellii (both Giglio-Tos 1894). He was unable to study the types of any neotropical “Isophya” species, and based the diagnosis on a male and a female in the Natural History Museum, London, that have been identified by “some unknown authority” as I. hamata. He mentioned also 3 females identified as I. borellii, as well as 2 males and 1 female from Brazil that were not identified to species level. In the introduction to a recent revision of Isophya species from Turkey, Űnal (2003) wrote that the generic affinity of the neotropical species needed confirmation. After identifying a very recently collected female of “I. brasiliensis”, which shares all diagnostic features Karabag listed for his genus Anisophya, I decided to finally move the remaining six neotropical “Isophya” species to that genus.
A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Authors: PAWSON DAVID L. , PAWSON DORIS J. , KING RACHAEL A.
Published: December 2018

A summary account is given of the 33 holothurian species known from the South Atlantic Bight, from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, from the shore to a depth of 200 meters. Four of the six known orders of holothurians are represented in the study area. Each species is diagnosed and illustrated; citations of informative literature and brief discussions of distribution and general biology are included. Also included are dichotomous keys to aid in identification to the species level. A new genus is erected to accommodate Pseudocolochirus mysticus Deichmann, 1930. Ocnus pygmaeus (Théel, 1886b) and O. surinamensis (Semper, 1868) are referred to the genus Aslia Rowe, 1970.
A new species of Medicorophium Bousfield, M. longisetosum n. sp. from the western Mediterranean, coast of Spain
Authors: MYERS ALAN A. , DE-LA-OSSA-CARRETERO JOSE ANTONIO , DAUVIN JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: December 2018

A new species of Medicorophium, M. longisetosum sp. nov., is described from the western Mediterranean in Comunidad Comunid Valenciana coast, Spain. The species is compared with the other known species of Medicorophium.
Zilchogyra franzi Weyrauch, 1965 (Gastropoda: Charopidae), a minute landsnail rediscovered in Sierra de la Venatana (Southern Pampas, Argentina)
Authors: DELHEY VALDEMAR K. , PIZÁ JULIA , BURELA SILVANA
Published: December 2018

Zilchogyra franzi was described on the basis of a single specimen (holotype in Fundación Miguel Lillo: FML 1217, Fig. 1) from the Ventania mountain system (Weyrauch 1965b) and this was so far the only publication on this species. Weyrauch (1965b) described the shell and gave a brief account of the habitat, based on the information provided by the collector Dr. Herbert Franz. Franz had found Z. franzi in a ravine in Sierra de la Ventana, in a humid hollow in the rock, lined with dark soil with ferns and “bromeliads” (probably Eryngium spp., Apiaceae).
On the nomenclature of the Pale Blue Flycatcher Cyornis unicolor infuscatus E. Hartert, 1902 (Aves: Muscicapidae) with lectotype designation for Cyornis cyanopolia Blyth, 1870
Authors: QUAISSER CHRISTIANE
Published: December 2018

In autumn 1869, Edward Blyth (1810–1875) visited the bird collection of the Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden (RMNH, now: Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, NCB, Leiden) to check its holdings of birds from India, and he then published his findings accompanied by taxonomic notes in the journal Ibis (Blyth 1870: 157–176). One of the taxa mentioned was a muscicapid flycatcher of which he had examined specimens collected on Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The reason Blyth listed them in this publication was that, to his eye, they appeared similar to birds he already knew and had described under the name Cyornis unicolor Blyth, 1843, from Sikkim. However, instead of applying this name in his discussion of these birds in the Leiden collection, presumably because of some uncertainty he retained MS names mentioned on their museum labels, listing them as “Cyornis cyanopolia (Boie)” and “Muscicapa infuscata (Müller)” (Blyth 1870). In doing so he laid the ground for a long-sustained dispute over name availability, redoubled by the discovery of Finsch (1901) that more than one taxon was involved. Aspects of this situation have been summarized recently by Dickinson et al. (2002), Mees (2004) and LeCroy (2008).
A new species of Gamasiphis (Acari: Ologamasidae) from Brazil, with a key to species from the Neotropical Region
Authors: CASTILHO RAPHAEL C. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J. , NARITA JOÃO P. Z.
Published: December 2018

Gamasiphis paulista n. sp. is described based on specimens representing all postembryonic stages, collected from litter and soil in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo. This is the first species of Gamasiphis described from Brazil. A key is provided for the separation of species of this genus known from the Neotropical Region.
A giant African millipede re-discovered, re-located and re-classified after 120 years (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)
Authors: FIEMAPONG ARMAND RICHARD NZOKO , ENGHOFF HENRIK
Published: December 2018

The giant millipede Pachybolus tectus Cook, 1897, described from Zanzibar, East Africa, and never re-collected till now, is re-described based on newly collected specimens from Cameroon, West Africa. The species is transferred to the genus Pelmatojulus Saussure, 1860, and compared with the most similar congener, P. togoensis (Cook, 1897). The type specimen of P. tectus, which no longer exists, probably was mis-labelled. An overview of the distribution of Pelmatojulus species and records of the genus from Cameroon are given, including P. brachysternus (Cook, 1897) as new to the fauna of Cameroon. Pelmatojulus insignis (Saussure, 1859) and P. togoensis are recorded as new to the fauna of Ghana.
Soil Moisture Variability Intensifies and Prolongs Eastern Amazon Temperature and Carbon Cycle Response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Levine Paul A. , Randerson James T. , Chen Yang , Pritchard Michael S. , Xu Min , Hoffman Forrest M.
Published: December 2018

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important driver of climate and carbon cycle variability in the Amazon. Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific drive teleconnections with temperature directly through changes in atmospheric circulation. These circulation changes also impact precipitation and, consequently, soil moisture, enabling additional indirect effects on temperature through land–atmosphere coupling. To separate the direct influence of ENSO SST anomalies from the indirect effects of soil moisture, a mechanism-denial experiment was performed to decouple their variability in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) forced with observed SSTs from 1982 to 2016. Soil moisture variability was found to amplify and extend the effects of SST forcing on eastern Amazon temperature and carbon fluxes in E3SM. During the wet season, the direct, circulation-driven effect of ENSO SST anomalies dominated temperature and carbon cycle variability throughout the Amazon. During the following dry season, after ENSO SST anomalies had dissipated, soil moisture variability became the dominant driver in the east, explaining 67%–82% of the temperature difference between El Niño and La Niña years, and 85%–91% of the difference in carbon fluxes. These results highlight the need to consider the interdependence between temperature and hydrology when attributing the relative contributions of these factors to interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Specifically, when offline models are forced with observations or reanalysis, the contribution of temperature may be overestimated when its own variability is modulated by hydrology via land–atmosphere coupling.
Lagrangian Investigation of Wave-Driven Turbulence in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer
Authors: Kukulka Tobias , Veron Fabrice
Published: December 2018

Turbulent processes in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) play a key role in weather and climate systems. This study explores a Lagrangian analysis of wave-driven OSBL turbulence, based on a large-eddy simulation (LES) model coupled to a Lagrangian stochastic model (LSM). Langmuir turbulence (LT) is captured by Craik–Leibovich wave forcing that generates LT through the Craik–Leibovich type 2 (CL2) mechanism. Breaking wave (BW) effects are modeled by a surface turbulent kinetic energy flux that is constrained by wind energy input to surface waves. Unresolved LES subgrid-scale (SGS) motions are simulated with the LSM to be energetically consistent with the SGS model of the LES. With LT, Lagrangian autocorrelations of velocities reveal three distinct turbulent time scales: an integral, a dispersive mixing, and a coherent structure time. Coherent structures due to LT result in relatively narrow peaks of Lagrangian frequency velocity spectra. With and without waves, the high-frequency spectral tail is consistent with expectations for the inertial subrange, but BWs substantially increase spectral levels at high frequencies. Consistently, over short times, particle-pair dispersion results agree with the Richardson–Obukhov law, and near-surface dispersion is significantly enhanced because of BWs. Over longer times, our dispersion results are consistent with Taylor dispersion. In this case, turbulent diffusivities are substantially larger with LT in the crosswind direction, but reduced in the along-wind direction because of enhanced turbulent transport by LT that reduces mean Eulerian shear. Our results indicate that the Lagrangian analysis framework is effective and physically intuitive to characterize OSBL turbulence.
The Effects of Load Stability and Visual Access During Asymmetric Lifting Tasks on Back and Upper Extremity Biomechanical Responses
Authors: Wang Xueke , Lavender Steven A. , Sommerich Carolyn
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To explore the change of muscular and biomechanical responses in different load stability and visual access conditions during an asymmetric lifting task.

Background:

Previous studies found that lifting unstable loads resulted in changes to the biomechanical loads experienced by the spine and upper extremities. However, researchers have not extensively investigated behaviors when people lift potentially unstable loads. It was hypothesized that lifting a potentially unstable load can lead to changes in lifting behavior, which may be mitigated by visual access to the load.

Method:

Fourteen volunteers lifted either a stable load or a potentially unstable load that could move within the container during the lifting task. In half of the lifting conditions, the box was covered to restrict visual access when lifting. Spine kinematic and kinetic measures and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from back, shoulder, and arm muscles were obtained.

Results:

Lifts of the stable load were faster and generally had higher peak muscle activations than lifts of the potentially unstable load. Participants had less spine flexion when handling the potentially unstable load without visual access.

Conclusion:

When lifting and moving a potentially unstable load that could lead to a perturbation, people tended to lift the container more slowly comparing with lifting a stable load, which in turn reduced the peak muscle activities.

Application:

In industry, there are many work situations where workers need to lift or carry unstable loads that can shift during transport. Providing visual access to the load may help mitigate some of these effects.
Entrepreneurial states versus middle powers: Distinct or intertwined frameworks?
Authors: Cooper Andrew F.
Published: December 2018

This article highlights both the differences and similarities between the concepts of entrepreneurial states and middle powers. The use of the entrepreneurial state as the central framing device is distinctive in a number of ways, including reducing the emphasis on hierarchy in the global system. Yet for all the divergences, the two frames are indelibly intertwined, above all in privileging agency over structural positioning. In either case there is an element of constant flux and reinvention, which justifies ongoing research. Just when the elevation of the G20 and the appearance of MIKTA appeared to provide some discipline to the image of a middle power, the notion of entrepreneurial states stretches the number of countries to be included. At the same time, however, attributes that reflect some middle power sensibility are embedded within the entrepreneurial state set of practices.
Establishing RVE model composed of dry fibers and matrix for 3D four-directional braided composites
Authors: Zhang Long , Hu Dianyin , Wang Rongqiao , Zeng Yuqi , Cho Chongdu
Published: December 2018

Traditional representative volume element (RVE) model composed of impregnated yarns and surrounding matrix for the 3D four-directional braided composites, requires periodic mesh in order to impose periodic boundary condition, which is quite challenging and time-consuming due to complex internal mesoscopic architecture. In this regard, this study presents a novel approach to establish a parametric RVE model comprised of dry fibers and matrix through integrating Matlab with Abaqus. The technique is able to produce RVE models of arbitrary braiding angle, fiber volume fraction, etc. by simply changing the input values for the Matlab procedure. Based on this, finite element analysis is performed on the proposed model to predict tensile modulus of the 3D four-directional braided composites and examine the influence of mesoscopic geometry and material parameters. Numerical application demonstrates that this technique has good prediction accuracy for the small braiding angle case while great deviation for the big braiding angle case. In the end, the technique’s advantages and disadvantages over the traditional RVE model, and its potential applications are discussed.
IPSO in Industrial Advertising
Authors: Kohlman C. W.
Published: December 2018

Most industrial advertising has been strongly influenced by the “A. I. D. A. theory”—attention, interest, desire, action.

But there is more to selling through print than issuing a number of advertisements, no matter how effective each may be in its own right. Customers have many attitudes and buy for many reasons, to which all the advertising of a company contributes.

The author presents his “I.P.S.O.” proposal for industrial advertising as probably far more effective than “A. I. D. A.”
Gasoline Prices: Their Effect on Consumer Behavior and Attitudes
Authors: Willenborg John F. , Pitts Robert E.
Published: December 2018

How effective is the price mechanism in reducing consumption of gasoline?
Determinance versus Importance in Bank Selection Criteria a Reply
Authors: Anderson W. Thomas , Cox Eli P.
Published: December 2018

[Editor's Note: This article represents a departure—the last one—from the policy announced in “From the Editor,” this issue, to the effect that notes of criticism (and rejoinders thereto) will henceforth appear as “Letters to the Editor.” Having allowed the authors’ critics to appear in the regular text section, it seems only fair to allow the authors the same status for their reply.]
A Hybrid Utility Estimation Model for Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Green Paul E. , Goldberg Stephen M. , Montemayor Mila
Published: December 2018

Increasingly, appliers of conjoint analysis are being faced with the need to reduce data collection demands on respondents while still obtaining enough data to estimate individual utility functions. The authors propose a model that combines the ease of self-explicated utility measurement with the greater generality of decompositional models to develop estimated utility functions that maintain individual differences. The model is applied to a conjoint study involving physicians’ evaluations of a new antibiotic drug. The paper concludes with suggestions for possible extensions of the approach.
Market Segmentation with Multivariate Aid
Authors: Maclachlan Douglas L. , Johansson Johny K.
Published: December 2018

A multivariate extension of AID is presented for use in market segmentation studies where the criterion consists of multiple measures of behavioral response. The procedure is illustrated with an example employing several measures of long distance telephone expenditures.
Consumer/Voter Behavior in the Passage of the Michigan Container law
Authors: Crosby Lawrence A. , Gill James D. , Taylor James R.
Published: December 2018

The landslide victory of Michigan's “bottle bill” by popular vote contradicts previous findings regarding the small size of the ecologically concerned consumer segment. A survey of voter preference conducted just prior to the 1976 general election addresses this contradiction and some broader aspects of consumer environmental behavior. Implications for ecological marketers are discussed.
Consumers’ Decision Plans and Subsequent Choice Behavior
Authors: Park C. Whan , Hughes Robert W. , Thukral Vinod , Friedmann Roberto
Published: December 2018

Three major factors are proposed as affecting a choice prediction method's (model's) immediate use by practitioners. These factors are predictive capability, input required, and interpretation task complexity. A decision plan net is developed as an alternative method to existing individual choice prediction methods and is examined against these three major factors in a home purchase situation. Inferences are drawn concerning specific marketing applications of a decision plan net.
The Influence of Product Characteristics on the Export Performance of New Industrial Products
Authors: Mcguinness Norman W. , Little Blair
Published: December 2018

New products tend to achieve better than average export sales. But all new products are not exportable, so managers face a problem in deciding which new products to emphasize. This study of 82 Canadian industrial goods firms shows that relative advantage is not the only characteristic to consider in judging a new product's export potential.
Perceived Age and Attractiveness of Models in Cigarette Advertisements
Authors: Mazis Michael B. , Ringold Debra Jones , Perry Elgin S. , Denman Daniel W.
Published: December 2018

A sample of 561 persons judged the age and attractiveness of the models in 50 cigarette ads. Seventeen percent of the models were perceived, on average, to be significantly younger than 25 years of age, an apparent violation of the tobacco industry's voluntary advertising code. Cigarette ads with young persons were found to appear more often in magazines with younger audiences and for menthol brands. Regardless of viewer age, younger models were judged as more attractive than older models.
The Winning Number: Consumer Perceptions of Alpha-Numeric Brand Names
Authors: Pavia Teresa M. , Costa Janeen Arnold
Published: December 2018

Alpha-numeric brand names include referent and nonsense mixtures of letters and numbers. Several significant features of alpha-numeric brand names are identified, such as the magnitude of the number used in the brand name, its shape or spoken sound, and the symbolism of the words or letters that are used with the number to form the brand name. The inferences that consumers draw from an alphanumeric brand name influence their understandings and expectations of the product.
Here's the Beef: Factors, Determinants, and Segments in Consumer Criticism of Advertising
Authors: Pollay Richard W. , Mittal Banwari
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive model of attitudes toward advertising includes three personal utility factors (product information, social image information, and hedonic amusement) and four socioeconomic factors (good for economy, fostering materialism, corrupting values, and falsity/no-sense). The proposed 7-factor model was tested on two independent samples: collegians (188) and householders (195) from Ohio and Mississippi Valley states, explaining 62% and 56% of the variance in their global attitudes, respectively. The model's dimensions were used to profile these publics and to identify attitudinal segments within them. Most respondents exhibited conflict between an appreciation of the personal uses and economic value of advertising and an apprehension of cultural degradation.
Implementing Marketing Strategies: Developing and Testing a Managerial Theory
Authors: Noble Charles H. , Mokwa Michael P.
Published: December 2018

Implementation pervades strategic performance. It is a critical link between the formulation of marketing strategies and the achievement of superior organizational performance. Research conducted in this area generally has suffered from a lack of conceptual and empirical grounding. Furthermore, implementation research often ignores the mid-level managers, who are intricately involved in most implementation activities. The authors integrate a broad literature review and a grounded theory-building process to develop a model of important factors that influence the implementation of marketing strategies from a managerial perspective. They test this model in a study of mid-level marketing managers in two different organizations. The results provide insights into the nature of implementation in marketing and suggest future research opportunities.
Statement of Hypotheses in the Analysis of Variance
Authors: Burdick Richard K.
Published: December 2018

The analysis of variance is used so frequently in marketing research that researchers are often careless in presenting the results. In particular, hypotheses of interest in the analysis are vaguely stated and the reader is given no clear definition of what is being tested. This situation commonly arises when the analysis is based on a design with unequal cell sizes. Using recent examples found in the marketing literature, the author defines several hypotheses of interest in an analysis of variance design and discusses how they are tested.
Interpoint Distance Comparisons in Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Carroll J. Douglas , Green Paul E. , Schaffer Catherine M.
Published: December 2018

Correspondence anal/sis is a metric technique for finding a spatial representation of data that has particular applicability to the analysis of cross tabulations (or contingency tables). The authors focus on some of the geometric underpinnings of the procedure and the kinds of statements that can be made about interobject similarity based on a distance model. In particular, a rationale is developed, along with a scaling of coordinates, that enables one to compare both between-set and within-set squared distances. This scaling differs from the conventional scaling currently used in correspondence analysis, where only one set of distances usually are compared.