bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN NORTH WEST ENGLAND AND THE IMPACT OF FLUID INTAKE ON THE INCIDENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Iskander Morkos
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUNDManagement of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is compounded by the rising rates of resistance to antimicrobials. Public Health England highlighted areas of the North West of England as having suboptimal practices in the treatment of UTIs. This project aims to evaluate the resistance in Merseyside compared to the national rates, examine resistance in urological patients, review the rates of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli over time, as well as consider increased fluid intake in the management of UTIs.METHODSUropathogen resistance rates in Merseyside from December 2012 to February 2013 were compared to those nationally reported, with sub analysis of resistance rates in urological patients. The rate of ESBL Escherichia coli in Cheshire was reviewed.MEDLINE, EMBASE, and unpublished literature using OpenGrey and OpenDOAR, were searched since inception to February 2015. Five studies recruiting 2182 patients were included in the analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and MedCalc 15.4.RESULTSResistance rates in Merseyside were not found to be higher than the national rates. Urological patients exhibited a statistically significant higher resistance (p<0.0001). The relative risk of ESBL UTI in 2013 compared to 2005 was 8.18, 95% confidence interval (4.86 - 13.74). A preventative effect of increased fluid intake on the incidence of UTIs was found, odds ratio of UTI with increased fluid 0.27, 95% confidence interval (0.21 - 0.33).DISCUSSIONThe equivocal resistance rates in Merseyside and nationally suggests that modification of local practice is indicated. The higher resistance rate in urological patients highlights the need for separate empirical treatment.Increased fluid intake is appealing, due to the low cost and morbidity. Increase fluid intake has been demonstrated to be an effective method of reducing the rate of UTIs.
BENTUK DAN PERUBAHAN FUNGSI SENI PERTUNJUKAN TARI OPAK ABANG DESA PASIGITAN KECAMATAN BOJA KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Unnes eprint-sendratasik , Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Tari Opak Abang merupakan tarian rakyat yang berasal dari Desa Pasigitan, Kecamatan Boja, Kabupaten Kendal. Peneliti tertarik dengan bentuk dan fungsi pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang karena Tari Opak Abang memiliki banyak amanat di dalam syair lagunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi. Analisis data yang digunakan terdiri dari tiga alur, yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa Tari Opak Abang berkembang di Desa Pasigitan sejak tahun 1956. Pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang memiliki 4 urutan sajian, yaitu: 1) Gayung Seribu Gayung; 2) Opak-Opak; 3) Terang Bulan; dan 4) Bunga Rampai. Tari Opak Abang memiliki tema keagamaan dan perjuangan. Gerak Tari Opak Abang merupakan gerak murni. Iringan Tari Opak Abang menggunakan nada diatonis dengan alat musik rebana 2 buah, bass drum 1 buah, kecrek 1 buah, dan biola/violin 1 buah. Tata rias Tari Opak Abang menggunakan rias korektif, dengan atribut busana berupa 1) Plisir (irah-irahan) dengan bulu mentok di ujung; 2) Selempang; 3) Slepe (sabuk); 4) Baju lengan panjang; 5) Celana panjang; 6) Kaos kaki berwarna putih; 7) Kain songket; 8) Sampur/Selendang; 9) Kipas dari kertas emas untuk telinga; 10) Kacamata hitam; dan 11) Kain penutup kepala. Pementasan Tari Opak Abang menggunakan halaman rumah warga dengan pencahayaan general light dan lampu bohlam putih. Tata suara pada pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang menggunakan sound system berupa wireless, keyboard amplifier, dan wireless microphone. Penari Tari Opak Abang berjumlah 4 orang, dan pemusik sekaligus sindhen berjumlah 7 orang. Penonton yang menikmati pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang berasal dari semua kalangan, baik yang awam atau berkecimpung dalam dunia seni tari. Pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang berfungsi sebagai sarana hiburan, akan tetapi pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang juga mengalami perubahan pada beberapa fungsi lainnya dalam kurun tahun 1956 hingga tahun 2017, yaitu: sarana upacara, sarana pertunjukan, syiar agama Islam, dan media informasi seputar kemerdekaan Indonesia.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, penulis memberikan saran untuk bentuk pertunjukan Tari Opak Abang agar menambah variasi gerakan dengan tempo yang bervariasi agar pertunjukan terlihat lebih menarik. Tari Opak Abang sebaiknya tidak hanya digunakan sebagai sajian hiburan, melainkan bisa ditampilkan untuk propaganda ketika pemilu kepala daerah Kabupaten Kendal
A Teachware for Mobile Teachers on Basic Reading
Authors: Castillo Lian Sabella , Tenorio Ma. Clarissa Andrea , Barrios Ma. Katrina Carmela
Published: July 2018

More than sixteen (16) million Filipinos cannot read and write (DepEd, 2011). Illiteracy is the continuous cycle between poverty and ignorance that cultivates the Filipino struggle. In this light, the Bureau of Alternative Learning System has partnered with various organizations including the Quezon City Police Department Station 10 and Barangay Loyola Heights in order to deliver and conduct lessons for illiterate individuals. Their learners include a variety of people that are usually domestic workers and inmates who completely cannot read the basic alphabet. The teachers cannot deliver the topics in an organized manner and do not present the letters as constituents of the word as well as properly exhibit the mapping of the word to letter to sound and vice versa. With that said, the proponents will develop a teachware that will serve as a tool that will assist the mobile teachers in teaching adult learners to verbalize a word with or without knowing its meaning. Explicit Reading, Systematic Reading and Phonemic Awareness Instruction are the models and/or teaching approach to be used so that the teachware to be developed will be effective and appropriate to the demographic.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE CURRICULUM AND CO-CURRICULUM: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AND THEIR COLLEGIATE PEERS
Authors: Heiberger Greg
Published: July 2018

Although use of social media by students has been shown to be nearly ubiquitous, manyK-12 school systems have banned its use on their campuses or use between their teachers andstudents. In contrast, many collegiate faculty have utilized social media in their teaching. Socialmedia has been shown to assist faculty in engaging with students, helping students engage withcontent outside of class and sound implementation into the curriculum has been show to havepositive educational impacts. Data from a sample of two thousand and fifty-six college studentsacross two land-grant institutions is compared between pre-service teachers and their collegiatepeers. Pre-service teachers reported using Twitter in the curriculum more, were more inspired bythe use of social media use by their faculty, used social media more on their own for educationalpurposes and had a stronger belief that social media can be used for educationally relevantpurposes than their collegiate peers.
Response latency in social psychological research
Authors: Nosek Brian A.
Published: July 2018

With the rise of social cognition, use of response latency as a dependent variable has become common in social psychological research. Response latency has been used by researchers to investigate processes that are not easily testable with other methodologies, such as self-report. Response latency’s usefulness as a methodological tool is notable due to its broad application in social psychology, from research on close relationships and attribution to investigations of the self and attitudes. This paper reviews the breadth of social psychological research that has used response latency to inform about mental representations, cognitive processes, and motivational tendencies.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA (SUB MATERI MUSIK) PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 SEMARANG TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Unnes eprint-sendratasik , Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Pendidikan sebagai suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi peradaban manusia diharapkan dapat menciptakan insan yang cerdas dan memiliki karakter yang baik. Pendidikan karakter adalah istilah dalam usaha membentuk pribadi siswa yang baik serta menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter yang baik dalam kehidupan. Pendidikan karakter dapat diintegrasikan melalui seluruh mata pelajaran, tak terkecuali seni budaya sub materi musik. Pelajaran seni merupakan media pendidikan untuk membentuk karakter siswa melalui kegiatan berkesenian. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran seni budaya (sub materi musik) pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses penanaman pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran seni budaya sub materi musik. Manfaat dari penelitian ini terdiri dari manfaat teoretis dan praktis terutama bagi praktisi pendidikan seni di sekolahPenelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Semarang. Adapun sasaran penelitian pada pembelajaran seni budaya sub materi musik di kelas VII. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data model interaktif.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penanaman pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran seni budaya sub materi musik di SMP Negeri 2 Semarang dilakukan dengan pendekatan penanaman nilai, pendekatakn klarifikasi nilai, dan pendekatan pelajaran berbuat melalui pengembangan materi baik teori maupun praktik dalam bentuk kegiatan apresiasi, kreasi, dan ekspresi. Materi yang disampaikan dikembangkan dengan mencari hubungan atau makna kontekstual serta manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan penanaman nilai, klarifikasi nilai, dan pelajaran berbuat cukup tepat untuk pembelajaran apresiasi, ekspresi, dan kreasi,sehingga hendaknya diterapkan pada mata pelajaran seni lainnya seperti seni rupa, seni tari, dan seni teater.
Enhancement of Concrete Composite Decks
Authors: McComb Christopher
Published: July 2018

Reinforced concrete construction and steel construction are two of the most common contemporary construction methods. Both methods make use of composite decks as floor systems and diaphragms. During the design of composite decks, the steel deck is typically disregarded when calculating the strength of the slab since shear transfer can’t be ensured. This essentially results in efficient use of material. This report presents a method for ensuring shear transfer through the use of typical sheet metal screws, driven through the corrugated steel deck and embedded in the concrete. Both experimental and analytical work support an increase in strength with the addition of embedded fasteners, and an increase in strength with the addition of synthetic reinforcing fibers.
Chasing Utopia: How the Arab Spring Gave Us Today's Islamic State
Authors: Bolsinger Diana
Published: July 2018

This thesis acknowledges existing scholarship that portrays the Islamic State as the product of conditions in Iraq following the 2003 U.S. invasion but argues the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011 transformed the Iraq-based group into a larger movement. The revolts weakened governments, allowing the Islamic State and other jihadi groups to seize territories. Syrian regime brutality against civilians strengthened jihadi claims Islam was in danger. Jihadis released from prisons during and after the uprisings openly recruited and organized new factions, many of which later switched their allegiance to the Islamic State. Above all, counterrevolution and violence following the initially peaceful movements of 2011 expanded the pool of alienated youth susceptible to radicalization. The Islamic State’s success in seizing these openings suggests the merits of applying a path-dependent approach to analyzing the spread of terrorism.
Positive writing, happiness, savouring and rumination. Expansion of the positive psychology model and empirical validation of a simple positive psychological exercise via internet
Authors: Hogervorst Roel M
Published: July 2018

Positive psychology has added a new element to the growing body of scientificknowledge in the field of clinical psychology. It has already shown the value ofjoy and creativity in stress and coping. Nevertheless, until recently it was unclearwhether and how positive interventions work. In this article, a new integrativestress model is explained and tested that includes positive emotions andsavouring. Savouring is viewed as the opposite of rumination: it is “dwelling inthe positive”. Our study also tested a specific positive psychological intervention,namely positive writing. We have tried to test this intervention by replicating aseminal study about the enhancing effects of positive writing on wellbeingpublished by Seligman et al. (2005). We used two control conditions for the act ofwriting and the emotional valence of the writing topic. Participants have writtendown their experiences for one week and were followed for a month afterwards.Although we were unable to replicate the findings of Seligman et al. (2005), wedid find out that positive writing increased savouring and reduced rumination.Specifically, we found that the positive writing worked better than negativewriting or writing about the past. Our findings suggest that the positive valence ofthe intervention is the most effective part of the treatment. Our study alsosuggests that the questionnaire used to measure wellbeing, the AuthenticHappiness Index might not function well, and might need to be optimized.
Butterflies as Signal Receivers
Authors: Freeman Alexandra
Published: July 2018

This thesis examines the existence of colour preferences in butterflies. Two polymorphic species - the Mocker Swallowtail (Papilio dardanus) and the Silver-Washed Fritillary (Argynnis paphia) are used as study species. Both the basis of colour preferences in mate choice and flower choice during feeding, and the implications of the preferences for the evolution of the species and morphs are investigated.In the Silver Washed Fritillary a non-genetically determined preference exists for highly saturated orange coloration in both mate and flower choice. This is shown not to be due to a bias for orange in colour reception through the use of electroretinograms, measuring the electrical output of the retina when exposed to light of varying wavelengths. It has not been possible, however, to rule out the possibility that the preference for the most common, orange, female morph is learnt.The flower colour preferences of the Mocker Swallowtail are investigated, and it isdemonstrated that individuals show an initial preference for blue flowers, and also learn rapidly to feed off flowers of other colours that prove profitable. Their decision to try flowers of other colours is shown to be influenced by the behaviour of other individuals. In previous mate choice experiments, experienced males of the species have been shown to have a preference for the most common, black and white, morph. The colours of the morphs and the spectral sensitivities of the butterflies are analysed quantitatively. The initial and subsequent preferences of naive males are investigated in behavioural experiments, and a possible influence of learning on their subsequent choices is discovered. No influence of female choice is found. This information is then used to create a mathematical model of the population structure, for which it is also necessary to determine the relative palatabilities of the model and mimic, and the mating frequency of wild males. The model demonstrates how the observed population structures might arise through evolutionary time.Measurements of the morphology of males and females of Papilio dardanus, and one of its putative models, Danaus chrysippus, shows that in Papilio dardanus females the centre of gravity is positioned significantly further back than in males and in Danaus chrysippus. This positioning far from the wing base has already been shown to handicap an individual escaping from a predator due to decreased acrobatic ability. It has also already been shown that mimetic species tend to have centres of mass positioned further back than non-mimetic species, and hence it is possible that the position of a centre of mass of a butterfly (and its effect on agility) may be a factor in the evolution of mimicry in a species or (where females carry a large egg load) in females of a species only.
KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DRUM DI SMA NEGERI 1 MOGA PEMALANG
Authors: Unnes eprint-sendratasik , Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Pembelajaran drum merupakan salah satu sub dari mata pelajaran seni budaya yang ada di kurikulum. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran drum perlu adanya kreativitas. Karena latar belakang guru bukan dari akedimisi musik maka dalam pembelajaran drum guru dituntut untuk sekreatif mungkin dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran drum di SMA Negeri 1 Moga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran drum di SMA Negeri 1 Moga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui proses pengumpulan data, merangkum data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran drum di SMA Negeri 1 Moga cukup kreatif. guru mengajarkan cara bermain drum secara virtual dengan langkah-langkah seperti menentukan tema pembelajaran drum secara virtual, membuat pola-pola sederhana dalam pembelajaran drum secara virtual dan membuat langkah-langkah pola sederhana pembelajaran drum secara virtual. Kreativitas lain yang dimiliki guru di SMA Negeri 1 Moga yaitu, guru dapat memperkenalkan komponen-komponen alat musik drum, dengan langkah memperlihatkan secara langsung kepada siswa komponen alat musik drum dan menyebutkan fungsi komponen utama alat musk drum. Guru SMA Negeri 1 Moga juga dapat mengajarkan pola ritmis kepada siswa-siswi dengan menggunakan pola sederhana sehingga siswa dapat menirukan pola ritmis dengan mudah. Faktor pendukung yang dapat menunjang kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran virtua drum meliputi: (1) faktor internal yakni: referensi buku, sarana dan prasarana dan keaktifan siswa; (2) faktor eksternal yakni lingkungan kebudayaan yang dapat mempengaruhi kreativitas individu. Sedangkan faktor penghambat kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran drum meliputi: (1) keterbatasan dana; (2) keterbatasan kemampuan guru; (3) keterbatasan media pembelajaran; dan (4) kurang terawatnya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana.Saran yang dapat diungkapkan penulis adalah bagi guru diharapkan lebih mengembangkan kreativitasnya pada materi pembelajaran yang lain, dan memperdalam pengetahuan musiknya agar materi pembelajaran lebih menarik
New Media, Youth, and Participatory Culture: Internet Memes during the Impeachment Process in Brazil
Authors: Bojczuk Iago
Published: July 2018

This thesis examines the relationship between youth and new media practices in fostering political participation in online spaces during the impeachment proceedings against Dilma Rousseff, Brazil’s first woman president. In the midst of the political turmoil revolving around the 2016 impeachment case in Brazil, young people actively adopted Social Network Sites (SNS) as vehicles to circulate political user-generated memes. Despite the fact that Brazil is one of the largest democracies in the world, the country still has a long way to go in diversifying its media channels to allow impactful youth participation in the public opinion. However, the number of youth in online spaces continue to increase, as Brazil becomes one of the most active countries on SNS, despite the economic recession. Aside from their reoccurring reactionary, ahistorical, tautological, and superficial elements, Internet memes about the impeachment represent an emerging type of digital labor that is not driven by a particular media text as most memes. Instead, these Internet memes largely gain symbolic meaning and popular appeal through the merging of seemingly unrelated juxtaposition of visual texts, hero and anti-hero characters, and dramatic plotlines. In conjunction, these memes demonstrate to be deeply rooted in the local tradition of cultural cannibalism and popular imagination drawn from Brazilian telenovela conventions. Considering memes both as participatory culture artifacts and as a paratexts for civic engagement, this new gateway for participation suggests that Brazilian youth are not passive consumers of traditional media, but rather active, creative, and influential in online spaces and, potentially, in the public sphere.
What drives car use? Modelling psychological determinants of travel mode choice
Authors: Gardner Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Car emissions have significant detrimental environmental and health impacts, and many journeys could be undertaken using alternative transport. Effective transport policy necessitates identification of potentially modifiable determinants of driving. This thesis identified psychological underpinnings of decisions to drive. Study 1 used qualitative ‘grounded theory’ analysis to detail commuters’ reasons for driving, and highlighted misconceptions and biases underpinning these motives. In study 2, we developed quantitative measures of the concepts identified in study 1, and tested these as determinants of decisions to commute by public transport alongside variables from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991). Results showed that the inductive concepts were best modelled as determinants of attitude and control perceptions, and demonstrated the superiority of established deductive concepts. A meta-analysis of the extant literature (study 3) showed a dearth of available evidence of correlates of driving. Strong associations with behaviour were found for intention and habit, and TPB cognitions relating to not driving showed stronger effects on intentions than did TPB variables relating to driving. There were also effects for descriptive and personal norms. Using an extended TPB model, study 4 demonstrated that the motivation to make local journeys by car was informed by cognitions relating to car and to non-car travel, and descriptive and personal norms. Environmental beliefs informed personal norms and attitudes to non-car travel. Studies 5-7 explored habit in commuting mode choice: study 5 developed a new self-report habit measure, which in studies 6 and 7 was used in comparison with existing habit indices to predict car and bicycle commuting among UK and Dutch samples respectively. Findings revealed the superiority of an existing habit measure, and pointed to the habitual nature of commuting mode choice. The seven studies highlighted motivational and volitional determinants of driving, and suggest various intervention strategies to reduce car use.
The Effects of Depletion and Brain Stimulation on Motivation
Authors: Bell Sarah Beth
Published: July 2018

224 people received real or sham tDCS brain stimulation while undergoing depletion procedures meant to induce mental fatigue. After the brain stimulation was over, they were asked how hard they planned to work on a subsequent task. The brain stimulation helped people perform more work, but only if they were already committed to trying hard on the task.
The Effects of Framing in Gamification: A Study of Failure
Authors: Brühlmann Florian
Published: July 2018

In human-computer interaction research, interest in the unique experiences that digital games offer is increasing. One characteristic of digital games is the failure of players, which is arguably the core of what makes games interesting and fun. Gamification seems to transfer some of the motivational effects of digital games in non-entertainment contexts by reframing an activity. Hence, this thesis sheds light on the psychological effects of failing in different contexts to gain a better understanding of the effects of games and gamified applications. Two mixed-design experiments (N1 = 148, N2 = 63) were conducted. The first examined the effect of failing in a task, game, test, and task with meaning condition. Participants in this experiment were compensated for participation. In the second experiment, the framing conditions task, game, and test were examined, and no compensation was given for participation. Results showed that framing an activity as a game did not reduce the negative effect of failing on intrinsic motivation. However, having additional information about the task seemed to buffer the negative effect of failing on positive affect in the first experiment. Furthermore, perceived value and particularly change in autonomy was found to predict playing of additional rounds after the study.
Os Militares, o Populismo e suas Influências na Educação Física em Goiás (Dissertação de Mestrado)
Authors: Lima Lenir
Published: July 2018

A partir da história da Educação Física em Goiás, o presente estudo procurou desvelar os fatores políticos nacionais e regionais nela contidos, pensando-a como fenômeno histórico articulado ao processo de reprodução social. Para tal tornou-se necessário explorar a inserção e o entendimento da Educação Física e dos Desportos em alguns momentos da história da Educação Brasileira. Na tentativa de captar as manifestações empíricas da política esportivo-educacional desenvolvida no Governo Mauro Borges (1961–1964), foram pesquisadas fontes primárias e secundárias vinculadas ao Plano de Desenvolvimento deste período, principalmente aquelas do setor educacional. As informações foram obtidas através de uma análise dos conteúdos contidos nas referidas fontes, somadas aos depoimentos de profissionais e políticos ligados à Educação Física e aos Desportos desta época. No decorrer deste estudo constatou-se que os limites desta política imbricavam-se com outras medidas político-administrativas de racionalidade e modernização, contidas num ideário populista-nacional-desenvolvimentista. O bem-estar do povo e a massificação do esporte foram agentes de um projeto populista de construção de Praças de Esportes do Povo, nos moldes da arquitetura esportiva desenvolvida no Estado Novo (1937–1945). A divulgação e a implementação do esporte popular neste período foram significativas na medida em que revelaram a carência de profissionais habilitados nesta área, em todo estado de Goiás. Ao Governo Estadual coube o papel de materializar em suas políticas públicas a edificação dos espaços desportivos e, também, a instrumentalização de recursos humanos para o cumprimento da função de agentes educacionais, pela via do desporto de massa, no desenvolvimento populista do aparelho de Estado.
Building a theory of adaptive neuroticism
Authors: Weston Sara J
Published: July 2018

Neuroticism is widely believed to be detrimental to health, but the evidence is mixed. Many large-scale studies find null or positive effects of neuroticism on mortality and health. A theory of “healthy neuroticism” was generated to explain these discrepant results. According to this theory, neuroticism can lead an individual down one of two paths: an anxiety and stress-ridden path of maladaptive coping and poor outcomes, or a path of vigilance and proactivity. Trait conscientiousness is thought to be the defining feature of healthy neuroticism, although studies substantiating this claim are few and far between. Meanwhile, other important factors - notably, external cues and emotions - are omitted from these studies altogether.The current thesis examines the roles of situation and emotion on health in relationship to neuroticism. Specifically, a model of healthy neuroticism is proposed. In this model, individuals high in neuroticism respond to threatening situations by feeling greater anxiety, less depression and less anger. These emotions, in turn, propel individuals to act in adaptive ways. This model is tested in two studies. In the first, mid-life adults (N = 1, 499) provide daily reports of their affect (nervousness, depression and anger), health symptoms and health behaviors. Using a multi-level modeling approach, emotion scores and health behaviors are estimated from the interaction of trait neuroticism and daily health symptoms. The residuals of the emotion models are then used to estimate the residuals of the behavior models, effectively estimating the ‘b’ pathway in a mediation model. In the second study, freshman students at a private, Midwestern university (N = 222) provide weekly reports of their affect (anxiety and sadness), whether they received grades back on a test or assignment, and academic behaviors (e.g., hours spent studying). Again, a multi-level model was used to estimate emotion and behavior from trait neuroticism and feedback on grades, and the emotions residuals were used to estimate behavior residuals. In addition to the proposed model, each study examined the role of neuroticism on behavior, the interaction of neuroticism and situation on behavior and the interaction between emotion and situation.Little evidence to support the proposed model was found. Importantly, there was also little evidence that neuroticism or the interaction of neuroticism and situation predicted behavior. Together these results fail to substantiate either the theory of healthy neuroticism or the belief that neuroticism has an impact on health (or academic) behaviors. The current thesis concludes by discussing ways in which personality researchers might improve their methods of measuring emotion and situation and rethink their approach analyzing and discussing the role of neuroticism in predicting or explaining adaptive outcomes.
Infants in Control: Prospective Motor Control and Executive Functions in Action Development
Authors: Gottwald Janna M.
Published: July 2018

This thesis assesses the link between action and cognition early in development. Thus the notion of an embodied cognition is investigated by tying together two levels of action control in the context of reaching in infancy: prospective motor control and executive functions. The ability to plan our actions is the inevitable foundation of reaching our goals. Thus actions can be stratified on different levels of control. There is the relatively low level of prospective motor control and the comparatively high level of cognitive control. Prospective motor control is concerned with goal-directed actions on the level of single movements and movement combinations of our body and ensures purposeful, coordinated movements, such as reaching for a cup of coffee. Cognitive control, in the context of this thesis more precisely referred to as executive functions, deals with goal-directed actions on the level of whole actions and action combinations and facilitates directedness towards mid- and long-term goals, such as finishing a doctoral thesis. Whereas prospective motor control and executive functions are well studied in adulthood, the early development of both is not sufficiently understood.This thesis comprises three empirical motion-tracking studies that shed light on prospective motor control and executive functions in infancy. Study I investigated the prospective motor control of current actions by having 14-month-olds lift objects of varying weights. In doing so, multi-cue integration was addressed by comparing the use of visual and non-visual information to non-visual information only. Study II examined the prospective motor control of future actions in action sequences by investigating reach-to-place actions in 14-month-olds. Thus the extent to which Fitts’ law can explain movement duration in infancy was addressed. Study III lifted prospective motor control to a higher that is cognitive level, by investigating it relative to executive functions in 18-months-olds.Main results were that 14-month-olds are able to prospectively control their manual actions based on object weight. In this action planning process, infants use different sources of information. Beyond this ability to prospectively control their current action, 14-month-olds also take future actions into account and plan their actions based on the difficulty of the subsequentaction in action sequences. In 18-month-olds, prospective motor control in manual actions, such as reaching, is related to early executive functions, as demonstrated for behavioral prohibition and working memory. These findings are consistent with the idea that executive functions derive from prospective motor control. I suggest that executive functions could be grounded in the development of motor control. In other words, early executive functions should be seen as embodied.
The popular songs of Smyrna in nine beat rhythms before and after the destruction of Smyrna
Authors: Chatzimichail Chrysavgi
Published: July 2018

This bachelor thesis explores the popular songs of Smyrna in nine beat rhythms and their evolution within the geopolitical, historical, social, economic and cultural context of the city, from the late 19th century until today. Initially, the main geopolitical, historical, social, cultural and economic elements of Smyrna are mentioned, including its musical tradition, and the basic features of its popular songs. Then, the nine beat rhythms are described and twenty-one popular songs of Smyrna in nine beat rhythms, recorded before and after the destruction of Smyrna, are analyzed. Finally, the frequency of the rhythms and the use of the rhythm accompaniment instruments in the recordings are presented through charts and graphs.
Testing, Testing, 1 2 3: Exploring the Mitigating Effects of Sound on Test Performance
Authors: Sartori Amsberry Phoebe Viola
Published: July 2018

Due to the amount of pressure put on students to perform well and the growing amount of standardized testing in the American Education system, there has been a dramatic increase in the identification and study of test anxiety and its impact on performance. Treatments of test anxiety are typically preventative in nature and focus on what can be done outside of the classroom on the part of the individual to improve performance. However, it may be more impactful to manipulate the actual testing environment on a larger scale. This study, through a 4 week within-subjects model, sought to explore these environmental manipulations through the inclusion of sound in the environment. Throughout this study participants were subjected to testing in silence, preferred, nonpreferred, and ambient soundscapes. Test performance was significantly improved (by up to 22%) when participants were exposed to preferred music stimuli. However, performance is a complex phenomenon impacted by many different variables and more research should be done exploring how different cognitive factors impact performance.
Responses of congeneric freshwater fish, Squalius carolitertii and Squalius torgalensis, to future climate change, A molecular and physiological approach.
Authors: Jesus Tiago
Published: July 2018

Climate changes are exposing freshwater fish to higher water temperatures and acidification. Once studies evaluating freshwater fish responses to these challenges are scarce, the main objective of this thesis is to comprehend how two Iberian freshwater fish species cope with future climate change. Squalius carolitertii and Squalius torgalensis, which are endemic of two distinct regions of the Iberian Peninsula, live in different environmental conditions. Herein, their thermal stress responses were firstly accessed by the expression of twogenes involved in the heat shock response (HSR) (hsp70 and hsc70). Afterwards, we conducted a transcriptome-wide study of fish exposed to acute thermal stress. Results suggest that S. torgalensis handled with stressing thermal conditions differently than S. carolitertii. While S. torgalensis redirects resources from cell division and growth processes to the HSR, the induction of genes involved in the HSR was lower in S. carolitertii, which presented no re-adjustment of other energy consumption mechanisms. The long-term responses on gene expression and physiology of these two species to futurewarming (plus 3 °C) and acidification (∆pH=-0.4) were evaluated herein, alongside with protein modeling of fourteen target genes. Findings suggest that S. torgalensis is better suited to cope with the projected climate changeconditions, once it presents fewer changes in gene expression and in the physiological markers involved in the HSR and energy metabolism than S. carolitertii. Also, the HSP90 and GBP1 proteins of S. torgalensis have higher thermostability, suggesting that they function in a wider range of temperatures. Instead, S. carolitertii presents many changes in gene expression, including in genes involved in the thermal stress response as well as in energy metabolism, and a decrease in the aerobic metabolism coupled with an increase in the anaerobic metabolism. Remarkably, the projected climatic conditions elicit severe changes in the circadian (cry1aa and per1a) and immune (gpb1) related genes, as well as an increase in HSP70 protein content, which may hinder the survival of both species. This work provide the first assessment of the ability of Iberian freshwater fish to deal with future climate change and shall be considered for conservation actions, particularly for the critically endangered S. torgalensis.
Denunciar lo injusto: La crítica social de las clases medias y su relación con el cambio y la reproducción social
Authors: Moya Cristóbal
Published: July 2018

La presente investigación aborda la crítica social ordinaria en Chile como un proceso que puede contribuir tanto a la reproducción del statu quo como al cambio social, a partir del análisis de las interacciones comunicativas en seis grupos de distintas clases sociales que participaron en un juego de clasificaciones. El enfoque de la sociología de la crítica de Luc Boltanski y el enfoque morfogenético o M/M de Margaret Archer son los principales referentes teóricos para el análisis, pues permiten una comprensión de la crítica en su contexto social de realización distinguiendo distintos niveles de la realidad social donde esta opera.Siguiendo la distinción realizada por Boltanski, se propone diferenciar entre una crítica de tipo reformista y otra radical. Esta diferencia se asocia con los principios de justicia que sostienen los individuos según pongan en cuestión el orden social dominante o no. La variante reformista es la más frecuente en los juicios críticos de los participantes y se asocia a procesos de reproducción del orden social. Los principios de justicia son sistematizados en tres grandes marcos de referencia basados en tres formas de igualdad: de oportunidades, de trato y de posiciones. A través de estos marcos se condensan los principios normativos de los juicios críticos que se formulan hacia distintos objetos de la realidad social. Los resultados muestran que los objetos de crítica se encuentran en tres ámbitos principalmente: laboral, educacional y subjetivo. Adicionalmente, se plantea que la reflexividad juega un rol significativo en la crítica social, siendo un aliciente de su producción. En esta dirección, las críticas radicales son infrecuentes, aunque ilustrativas sobre una mayor elaboración de la crítica, asociándose a momentos de mayor reflexividad.Por último, se muestra que es posible posicionar a la crítica como un fenómeno que tiende a reproducir sus condiciones de producción, es decir, el contexto social desde el que emerge. Aquello apunta a que la crítica ordinaria de las clases medias y la clase de trabajadores manuales refuerza los principios de justicia asociados al orden dominante y así contribuye a legitimar distintas formas de desigualdades sociales. En esta dirección, se vincula la crítica social con procesos de morfostasis social.
Does Decentralization Improve Provision of Health Services? Evidence from Kisumu and Makueni Counties in Kenya
Authors: Makokha Racheal Omukhulu
Published: July 2018

The last five decades have seen uncountable debates on the impact of decentralization on provision of public services. While it has evidently improved public service delivery in some countries, it has worsened it in others. Kenya implemented devolution in 2013 in the hope of bringing public services nearer to the people. Health was one of the services identified. Yet, the local media has reported negative impact of devolution on provision of health services since 2013. This study sought to look at the actual effect of devolution on access to health care services by analysing secondary quantitative data from the government published data, official statistics, international development agencies’ surveys and reports. Two county governments; Kisumu and Makueni were chosen to represent the urban and rural populations respectively. Contrary to the wider literature on health decentralization, this study found out that devolution did not worsen access to health care services in Kenya. The study attributed this to the nature of devolution adopted in the country where the county governments have considerable authority, decision-making power and responsibility over their counties.
Employee Monitoring: Workplace as a Panopticon?
Authors: Liu Yuhuai
Published: July 2018

Companies use monitoring software to watch employees’ activity. With concerns over privacy, many have compared such workplace to Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon, but without proper qualification. By examining software vendors and employers’ intentions, monitoring software’s capabilities, enforcers’ (system admins) self-identification and actual effect of surveillance on employees, we find that employers seek to induce compliance with policies through eliminating expectation of privacy. Hence, the Panopticon, as a form of social control, has been implemented in modern workplace. Because Panopticism pits privacy against other benefits, further research into the role of privacy in the human society is needed.
PEMBELAJARAN MUSIK DENGAN PROGRAM MUSIC WONDERLAND DI HALMAHERA MUSIC SCHOOL SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Di Halmahera Music School Semarang terdapat program kelas musik yang memang ditujukan untuk anak usia dini, yaitu Music Wonderland. Program Music Wonderland merupakan pengalaman pertama berkenalan dengan keyboard. Permasalahan pada skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pembelajaran musik pada program Music Wonderland di Halmahera Music School Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta analisis secara triangulasi melalui analisis pembelajaran Music Wonderland. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data, penyajian data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya temuan pada Music Wonderland Halmahera Music School Semarang, siswa yang bisa dikatakan berhasil adalah siswa yang dahulu tidak fokus, mereka bisa fokus, konsentrasi meningkat, memori meningkat, karena dilatih dengan cara diuji kemampuan daya ingat anak dengan menggunakan musik dan gambar. Dengan menggunakan musik dan gambar, otomatis daya imajinasi mereka juga meningkat. Hasil yang sangat membanggakan adalah mereka bisa merasakan tempo, karena diumur 3-4 tahun sangatlah susah untuk mengikuti tempo. Ada juga hal yang mungkin sepele, tetapi manfaatnya luar biasa, yaitu interaksi anak-anak dengan orang tua semakin dekat, karena dalam pembelajaran Music Wonderland, orang tua mendampingi anak-anaknya. Music Wonderland menggunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah, demonstrasi, dan drill.Saran bagi Halmahera Music School Agar pelaksanaan pembelajaran berlangsung lancar, selain menggunakan Teaching Guide sebagai panduan, guru juga harus kreatif dalam mengemas proses pembelajaran agar proses pembelajaran menjadi menyenangkan, siswa menjadi antusias dan siswa bisa lebih menikmati proses pembelajaran. Guru dapat menambahkan media-media lain, sebagai pendukung dalam pembelajaran seperti alat peraga lain yaitu gitar, piano, drum, dan video agar siswa lebih tertarik.
Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Taxus Wallichiana Zucc. Dolakha District of Nepal
Authors: Subba Bimala
Published: June 2018

Phytochemical and biological activities of methanolic extract of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Leaf, stem) were carried out. The brine shrimp bioassay showed T. wallichiana is pharmacologically active. The antibacterial potential was studied against one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli) using Agar Well Diffusion Method. Stem of T. wallichiana showed significant zone of inhibition against gram positive bacteria while the leaf of T. wallichiana did not show significant zone of inhibition against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. Both assay showed that T. wallichiana leaves has high antioxidant activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 110-114
KONSTRUKSI MAKNA KUALITAS HIDUP SEHAT (Studi Fenomenologi pada Anggota Komunitas Herbalife Klub Sehat Ersanddi Jakarta)
Authors: Susanti Endang , Kholisoh Nur
Published: June 2018

This study was intended to get a comprehensive picture of meaning construction in building the quality of healthy life. This research used symbolic interaction theory of George Herbert Mead. The study relied on phenomenological approach under a paradigm of constructivism using interpretative analysis. In-depth interview, observation, and documentation study were conducted to collect data. This study found that the motives of Herbalife community health club Ersanddi members to participate in a healthy life program because they wanted to lose weight and to be physically fit.  The meaning of healthy lifestyle for them is to be able to enjoy their life and worship to the Creator without any obstacles. The meaning of healthy life to the members of Herbalife community health club of Ersanddi was influenced by their environment namely significant others and reference groups.
Nutmeg Pulp Herbal Tea Produced Using Shredding Method
Authors: Amri Asbahrul , Saputra Devi Satria , Darma Ria
Published: July 2018

The existing nutmeg pulp herbal tea is produced from slice process which resulted with hard and big particle size of the powder. It is estimated to negatively affect the packaging process and defective product might be possible to occur when distribution taking place. Consequently, the study need to be done to produce nutmeg pulp herbal tea with small particle size of the powder using shredding method and define one of its substance quantity, Vitamin C as the comparable data towards the existing nutmeg pulp herbal tea product. The study reveals that the tea powder produced from shredding method is greatly smaller than slice method. Idiometri titration analysis of 5 nutmeg pulp herbal tea produced from shredding method samples shows that the average quantity of Vitamin C quantity is less significant than slice method which is only 3.514%. Thus, shredding method produces small particle size of nutmeg pulp herbal tea powder and containing less Vitamin C.