bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMI-IMPLICIT DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH AN INTEGRAL BOUNDARY CONDITION
Authors: Jakubėlienė Kristina , Čiupaila Regimantas , Sapagovas Mifodijus
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we consider a finite difference method for a class of twodimensional parabolic equations with integral boundary conditions. The semi-implicit difference scheme is considered. The stability of difference scheme is proved using the properties of the M-matrices, particularly, the regular splitting of an M-matrix. The numerical results of some examples are presented, that approve our theoretical investigations.
AN H1 -GALERKIN MIXED FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION OF A NONLOCAL HYPERBOLIC EQUATION
Authors: Chen Fengxin , Zhou Zhaojie
Published: September 2017

In this paper we investigate a semi-discrete H1 -Galerkin mixed finite element approximation of one kind of nolocal second order nonlinear hyperbolic equation, which is often used to describe vibration of an elastic string. A priori error estimates for the semi-discrete scheme are derived. A fully discrete scheme is constructed and one numerical example is given to verify the theoretical findings.
ON THE PORE-SCALE MODELING AND SIMULATION OF REACTIVE TRANSPORT IN 3D GEOMETRIES
Authors: Iliev Oleg , Lakdawala Zahra , Neßler Katherine H.L. , Prill Torben , Vutov Yavor , Yang Yongfei , Yao Jun
Published: September 2017

Pore-scale modeling and simulation of reactive flow in porous media has a range of diverse applications, and poses a number of research challenges. It is known that the morphology of a porous medium has significant influence on the local flow rate, which can have a substantial impact on the rate of chemical reactions. While there are a large number of papers and software tools dedicated to simulating either fluid flow in 3D computerized tomography (CT) images or reactive flow using porenetwork models, little attention to date has been focused on the pore-scale simulation of sorptive transport in 3D CT images, which is the specific focus of this paper. Here we first present an algorithm for the simulation of such reactive flows directly on images, which is implemented in a sophisticated software package. We then use this software to present numerical results in two resolved geometries, illustrating the importance of pore-scale simulation and the flexibility of our software package.
STUDIES ON COLONISATION OF FLY ASH DISPOSAL SITES USING INVASIVE SPECIES AND AROMATIC GRASSES
Authors: MAITI Deblina , PRASAD Bably
Published: September 2017

Fly ash disposal activities by coal based thermal power plants will continue to be a serious issue across the globe due to its hiked generation every year. To obviate the hazardous effects of fly ash disposal sites on the surrounding ecosystems, rapid stabilization of the dumps is essential. This paper conglomerates the past activities, challenges; present scenario of vegetation establishment on these sites as well as future research requirements based on various experimental case studies. An insight has been presented on the usefulness of native, tuft, aromatic grasses which can reduce the length of successive phases in reclamation programmes and also enhance the fertility of the substrate as found from the significantly increased nitrogen content in the present field sites. Metal bioaccumulation studies depicted that by virtue of high biomass production potential of Saccharum spontaneum it can also be used as a phytoextractor of toxic metals, thus helping in phytoremediation of the metals in fly ash. Field studies allude the fact that knowledge of phytodiversity of old fly ash deposits is essential for a right choice of species before every reclamation programme. Secondly, application of amendments is conjointly a prerequisite for establishment of plants on fly ash. In a pot scale study it was found that lower rate of amendment application (2–5% farmyard manure and 5–10% topsoil on weight basis) in fly ash improves the growth and biomass of Cymbopogon citratus. Extensive root system of the grass was substantiated by high root: shoot biomass which stabilized the surface of the ash. To investigate the possibilities of ground water contamination due to amendments leaching studies were carried out. An initial high concentration of some ions marginally near permissible limit as per Indian drinking water standards was observed but their concentrations were below acceptable limit during harvestable stages. Above studies can contribute significantly in field studies through a properly planned restoration programme.
A HYBRID MADM ANALYSIS IN EVALUATING PROCESS OF CHEMICAL WASTEWATER PURIFICATION REGARDING TO ADVANCE OXIDATION PROCESSES
Authors: KHODADADI Mohamad Reza , HASHEMKHANI ZOLFANI Sarfaraz , YAZDANI Morteza , ZAVADSKAS Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: September 2017

Organic components, widely spread in water by industrial sources become emerging Contaminants in the water. Due deficient removal in conventional wastewater treatments, advanced treatment should be considered for industrial wastewaters removing. Advance oxidation processes (aops) can be used as an effective subset of chemical treatment for degradation of toxic from water in industrial processing plant. Two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods based on hybrid SWARA-WASPAS are organized to investigate efficiency of different sort of aops: ozonation, fenton, electrochemical Oxidation, UV/Photo-catalysis, UV/H2O2. Based on MCDM, Fenton is the most possible aops for application in wastewater treatment areas. In this study, SWARA is deployed in evaluating criteria that were identified in literature review, and WASPAS is used for evaluating and ranking the methods. The main point of this study is based on real data.
Size and Shape of Chariklo from Multi-epoch Stellar Occultations*
Authors: Leiva R. , Sicardy B. , Camargo J. I. B. , Ortiz J.-L. , Desmars J. , Bérard D. , Lellouch E. , Meza E. , Kervella P. , Snodgrass C. , Duffard R. , Morales N. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Vieira-Martins R. , Braga-Ribas F. , Assafin M. , Morgado B. E. , Colas F. , De Witt C. , Sickafoose A. A. , Breytenbach H. , Dauvergne J.-L. , Schoenau P. , Maquet L. , Bath K.-L. , Bode H.-J. , Cool A. , Lade B. , Kerr S. , Herald D.
Published: September 2017

We use data from five stellar occultations observed between 2013 and 2016 to constrain Chariklo’s size and shape, and the ring reflectivity. We consider four possible models for Chariklo (sphere, Maclaurin spheroid, triaxial ellipsoid, and Jacobi ellipsoid), and we use a Bayesian approach to estimate the corresponding parameters. The spherical model has a radius R = 129 ± 3 km. The Maclaurin model has equatorial and polar radii

and

, respectively, with density

. The ellipsoidal model has semiaxes

,

, and

. Finally, the Jacobi model has semiaxes a = 157 ± 4 km, b = 139 ± 4 km, and c = 86 ± 1 km, and density

. Depending on the model, we obtain topographic features of 6–11 km, typical of Saturn icy satellites with similar size and density. We constrain Chariklo’s geometric albedo between 3.1% (sphere) and 4.9% (ellipsoid), while the ring I/F reflectivity is less constrained between 0.6% (Jacobi) and 8.9% (sphere). The ellipsoid model explains both the optical light curve and the long-term photometry variation of the system, giving a plausible value for the geometric albedo of the ring particles of 10%–15%. The derived mass of Chariklo of 6–8 × 1018 kg places the rings close to 3:1 resonance between the ring mean motion and Chariklo’s rotation period.
Radiation-driven Turbulent Accretion onto Massive Black Holes
Authors: Park KwangHo , Wise John H. , Bogdanović Tamara
Published: September 2017

Accretion of gas and interaction of matter and radiation are at the heart of many questions pertaining to black hole (BH) growth and coevolution of massive BHs and their host galaxies. To answer them, it is critical to quantify how the ionizing radiation that emanates from the innermost regions of the BH accretion flow couples to the surrounding medium and how it regulates the BH fueling. In this work, we use high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the code Enzo, equipped with adaptive ray-tracing module Moray, to investigate radiation-regulated BH accretion of cold gas. Our simulations reproduce findings from an earlier generation of 1D/2D simulations: the accretion-powered UV and X-ray radiation forms a highly ionized bubble, which leads to suppression of BH accretion rate characterized by quasi-periodic outbursts. A new feature revealed by the 3D simulations is the highly turbulent nature of the gas flow in vicinity of the ionization front. During quiescent periods between accretion outbursts, the ionized bubble shrinks in size and the gas density that precedes the ionization front increases. Consequently, the 3D simulations show oscillations in the accretion rate of only ∼2–3 orders of magnitude, significantly smaller than 1D/2D models. We calculate the energy budget of the gas flow and find that turbulence is the main contributor to the kinetic energy of the gas but corresponds to less than 10% of its thermal energy and thus does not contribute significantly to the pressure support of the gas.
The Association between Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Levels and Antiviral Response by Entecavir Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Kurihara Mio , Tsuge Masataka , Murakami Eisuke , Mori Nami , Ohishi Waka , Uchida Takuro , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Aikata Hiroshi , Ochi Hidenori , Zhang Yizhou , Makokha Grace Naswa , Hayes C Nelson , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: September 2017

Background

Although nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy is thought to suppress chronic hepatitis B (CHB) via regulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, serum cytokine/ chemokine levels were measured in CHB patients treated with entecavir, and the association with antiviral response was analysed.

Methods

A total of 78 Japanese patients with CHB were enrolled, and serum cytokine/chemokine levels were measured at baseline and at 12, 24 and 48 weeks of entecavir treatment using the MULTIPLEX kit.

Results

Antiviral response to entecavir treatment was significantly associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titre and serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) level (12w; P=0.0002; OR=0.020 [95% CI 0.002, 0.156], P=0.003; OR=0.042 [95% CI 0.005, 0.336], respectively). HBe-positive patients whose serum macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) level was lower (<582.83 pg/ml) and IP-10 level was higher (≥1,323.13 pg/ml) achieved hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss earlier than those who remained HBeAg-positive ( P=0.044). HBsAg reduction by entecavir treatment was significantly associated with higher initial tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level (≥15.20 pg/ml) and higher alanine aminotransferase level (≥73 IU/l; P=0.009; OR=18.460 [95% CI 2.044, 166.709], P=0.022; OR=7.709 [95% CI 1.341, 44.327], respectively).

Conclusions

Results of the present study indicate that changes in cytokine/chemokine levels following entecavir therapy are associated with response to antiviral therapy in CHB patients. Monitoring of serum cytokine/chemokine levels could be useful for predicting reduction of HBV DNA and HBsAg and HBe seroconversion.
La laïcité en milieu hospitalier et dans les structures sociales et médico-sociales
Authors: Chantin Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2017

À l’hôpital comme dans les structures d’accompagnement social et médico-social, la gestion de l’expression du religieux est une préoccupation de plus en plus présente. Il s’agit de bien comprendre de quoi il s’agit, ce que signifie ce « retour » à des normes législatives et des règles propres à chaque structure, puis de mettre en œuvre de manière dépassionnée ce qui relève du bon fonctionnement et du vivre ensemble.
Témoignages et expérimentations : de l’accompagnement du patient usager , à l’accompagnement aux soins
Authors: Chellig Nacime
Published: September 2017

Unité de traitements de la dépendance et toxicomanies du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne . Composée de deux unités fonctionnelles destinées à délivrer des soins liés à l’usage, l’abus et la dépendance aux drogues licites et illicites et à des comportements addictifs. Maison des adolescents du Chu de Saint-Étienne . Elle offre accueil, écoute, information, orientation, ainsi qu’une évaluation pour chaque situation.
Analyse importance-performance dérivée et modèle diagonal dans une municipalité espagnole
Authors: Ortigueira-Sánchez Luis Camilo , Ortigueira-Bouzada Manuel , Gómez-Selemeneva Dinaidys
Published: September 2017

Dans le présent article, nous présentons et analysons des recherches empiriques sur la satisfaction des citoyens qui ont été menées pour mesurer l’efficacité et la gestion des politiques publiques locales. Notre recherche a pour objectif d’évaluer la politique de sécurité publique d’une ville espagnole au moyen d’une enquête mesurant la satisfaction des citoyens à l’égard des services locaux. Nous avons appliqué une analyse de régression et une « analyse importance/performance » (AIP) aux opinions exprimées par un échantillon de citoyens. L’étude visait notamment à utiliser différentes valeurs d’importance dérivée, issues d’une analyse de corrélation et de régression, pour comparer les résultats de deux « analyses importance/performance ». Nous avons également tenu compte dans notre recherche de la notion de pondération variante et invariante et de la théorie des trois facteurs de la satisfaction de la clientèle. Les résultats confirment que le « service d’incendie » est considéré comme un « facteur de mécontentement », un attribut de base ou fixe ; ils indiquent que des valeurs de coefficient négatif pourraient être associées aux « facteurs de mécontentement » et que la discontinuité intrinsèque n’est qu’en partie résolue dans la partition de la grille importance/performance. Les observations indiquent que les résultats des deux AIP varient lorsque l’on utilise la grille AIP classique, mais sont similaires avec les modèles diagonaux de la partition de la grille AIP. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’un des problèmes majeurs auxquels sont confrontés les décideurs depuis quelques années consiste à reconfigurer le budget pour l’entité gérée, comme la municipalité, dans le cadre de la crise économique actuelle. Avec cet article, nous entendons contribuer à améliorer les décisions nécessaires sur la réaffectation des fonds et des ressources dans un contexte de restrictions et de compressions financières.
La mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques au Québec : Conditions de collaboration et leçons
Authors: Boudreau Christian , Bernier Luc
Published: September 2017

Le présent article aborde les difficiles conditions de collaboration interorganisationnelle dans la mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques à partir de trois perspectives théoriques : institutionnelle, politique et managériale. Ces perspectives permettent de définir au plan conceptuel les principaux obstacles à la collaboration interorganisationnelle et les leviers sur lesquels les gestionnaires publics peuvent agir pour faciliter l’intégration des services électroniques. À partir d’une étude de cas multiples menée au Québec, les auteurs examinent plus précisément les conditions institutionnelles, politiques et managériales qui ont retardé l’intégration de la prestation électronique dans cette province canadienne. Ils montrent comment la persistance de pratiques administratives, le désir d’autonomie des organisations publiques et la lourdeur des structures de gouvernance ont contribué à la diversification de l’offre de services en ligne au Québec au détriment d’une prestation intégrée. Sur la base des considérations théoriques et des résultats de l’étude, les auteurs proposent aux gestionnaires publics de ne pas s’en tenir uniquement aux mécanismes de gouvernance horizontale, mais de recourir aussi à des mécanismes de gouvernance verticale afin d’atténuer l’effet de certaines contraintes sur la collaboration interorganisationnelle et d’accélérer la mise en œuvre de la prestation intégrée des services électroniques. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Plusieurs pays ont fait de la prestation intégrée des services publics une priorité en matière de gouvernement électronique. Pour coordonner efficacement ces projets aux partenaires multiples, les gestionnaires publics doivent faire appel à une gouvernance hybride afin de tirer avantage de la stabilité de la hiérarchie et de la flexibilité du réseau. Plus précisément, l’étude montre la gouvernance verticale comme un instrument efficace pour coordonner les activités d’un réseau d’organisations engagées dans la mise en œuvre d’une prestation intégrée.
Quantification of Imaging Error in the Measurement of Cup Position: A Cadaveric Comparison of Radiographic and Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Schwarzkopf Ran , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Miller Theodore T. , Bogner Eric A. , Muir Jeffrey M. , Cross Michael B.
Published: September 2017

Postoperative radiographs remain the standard for assessment of component placement following total hip arthroplasty (THA), despite the known limitations of radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) scanning offers improved accuracy, but its costs and radiation exposure are prohibitive. The authors performed a cadaver study to compare the error associated with radiographs with that of CT scans following THA. The authors also compared imaging with a novel mini-navigation system. Three board-certified orthopedic surgeons each performed 4 THA procedures (6 cadavers, 12 hips) via the posterior approach using a mini-navigation tool to assist with component placement. Cup position from imaging was compared with corrected CT values for anteversion and inclination, created by correcting the initial scan to align the anterior pelvic plane coplanar with the CT table, thus representing cup position not distorted by imaging or positioning. Anteversion from standard CT scans was within 2.5° (standard deviation [SD], 1.5°) of reference values (
P
=.25); radiographs showed an average error of 7.8° (SD, 4.3°) vs reference values (all values absolute means) (
P
<.01). The mini-navigation system provided anteversion values within an average of 4.0° (SD, 4.0°) of reference anteversion (
P
<.01). Standard CT values for inclination were within 2.4° (SD, 2.0°) of reference values (
P
=.53), whereas radiographic inclination values were within 2.5° (SD, 2.3°) (
P
=.12). Mini-navigation values for inclination were within 3.9° (SD, 3.2°) of reference inclination (
P
=.26). This study demonstrated that cup position as measured by radiographs is significantly less accurate than CT scans and that the mini-navigation system provided anteversion measurements that were of comparable accuracy to CT scans. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(6):e952–e958.]
Contact Dermatitis Reaction to 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Following 3 Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Lake Nicholas H. , Barlow Brian T. , Toledano James E. , Valentine Johannah , McDonald Lucas S.
Published: September 2017

Two-octyl cyanoacrylate is a popular skin adhesive used for closing surgical incisions. Since Food and Drug Administration approval in 1998, the few reports of adverse reactions following its use have primarily been limited to the nonorthopedic literature. The authors present a case series of contact dermatitis associated with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate following orthopedic surgery and a review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this complication. All 3 patients presented with blistering around their incisions within 2 weeks of surgery and responded to treatment involving removal of the offending agent and use of oral diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine and topical triamcinolone. One case was complicated by a draining hematoma, requiring irrigation and debridement. Complete resolution occurred in all cases. This case series is intended to increase awareness in the orthopedic community of allergic contact dermatitis to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and its appropriate treatment. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e289–e291.]
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: Bilateral Lower Extremity Involvement
Authors: Henry Havalee T. , Szolomayer Lauren K. , Sumpio Bauer E. , Sutton Karen M.
Published: September 2017

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a condition in which compression of the popliteal neurovascular structures results in symptoms of lower extremity claudication by way of a constricting anatomic structure or a hypertrophied surrounding musculature. This diagnosis is often missed or misdiagnosed because popliteal artery entrapment syndrome has a presentation similar to that of exertional compartment syndrome. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome may result in persistent disability or unnecessary morbidity or prevent athletes' return to sport. A female collegiate athlete presented with bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. She had successful surgical treatment and returned to a high level of sport. This article describes popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical examination to elucidate the diagnosis, and provides information that may lead to the identification of individuals who will benefit from surgical intervention. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e295–e298.]
Small-sized reverberation chamber for the measurement of sound absorption
Authors: Del Rey R. , Alba J. , Bertó L. , Gregori A.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the design, construction, calibration and automation of a reverberation chamber for small samples. A balance has been sought between reducing sample size, to reduce the manufacturing costs of materials, and finding the appropriate volume of the chamber, to obtain reliable values at high and mid frequencies. The small-sized reverberation chamber, that was built, has a volume of 1.12 m3 and allows for the testing of samples of 0.3 m2. By using diffusers, to improve the diffusion degree, and automating measurements, we were able to improve the reliability of the results, thus reducing test errors. Several comparison studies of the measurements of the small-sized reverberation chamber and the standardised reverberation chamber are shown, and a good degree of adjustment can be seen between them, within the range of valid frequencies. This paper presents a small laboratory for comparing samples and making decisions before the manufacturing of larger sizes.
Improving codend selectivity in the fishery of the deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gorelli Giulia , Company Joan B. , Bahamón Nixon , Sardà Francesc
Published: September 2017

The deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus is one of the most valuable demersal resources in Catalonia (northeast Spain), and Palamós is the most important harbour for this fishery in the area. Here, a management plan published in 2013 established the use of a 40-mm square-mesh codend (40s), replacing the previously used 50-mm diamond mesh codend (50d). The objective was to decrease the amount of juveniles in the catches, but the regulation did not bring the expected results. In this study, we measured and compared the selectivity of the 40s and the 50d in this fishery. In addition, we experimented with the use of a 50-mm square-mesh codend (50s). According to our results, the 40s had a lower 50% selection length (L50) than the 50d, while the 50s had a substantially higher L50 than the other two. A transition analysis showed an increase in yield per recruit after the second year from a hypothetical implementation of the 50s. Our conclusion is that the 40s does not have a higher selectivity than the 50d, which (at least partially) explains the failure to reach the management objective in Palamós. Conversely, the use of a 50s would significantly benefit the fishery, increasing gear selectivity and yield per recruit.
Sublethal Total Body Irradiation Causes Long-Term Deficits in Thymus Function by Reducing Lymphoid Progenitors
Authors: Xiao Shiyun , Shterev Ivo D. , Zhang Wen , Young Lauren , Shieh Jae-Hung , Moore Malcolm , van den Brink Marcel , Sempowski Gregory D. , Manley Nancy R.
Published: September 2017

Total body irradiation (TBI) damages hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and thymus; however, the long-term effects of irradiation with aging remain unclear. In this study, we found that the impact of radiation on thymopoiesis in mice varied by sex and dose but, overall, thymopoiesis remained suppressed for ≥12 mo after a single exposure. Male and female mice showed a long-term dose-dependent reduction in thymic cKit+ lymphoid progenitors that was maintained throughout life. Damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow was dose dependent, with as little as 0.5 Gy causing a significant long-term reduction. In addition, the potential for T lineage commitment was radiation sensitive with aging. Overall, the impact of irradiation on the hematopoietic lineage was more severe in females. In contrast, the rate of decline in thymic epithelial cell numbers with age was radiation-sensitive only in males, and other characteristics including Ccl25 transcription were unaffected. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term suppression of thymopoiesis after sublethal irradiation was primarily due to fewer progenitors in the BM combined with reduced potential for T lineage commitment. A single irradiation dose also caused synchronization of thymopoiesis, with a periodic thymocyte differentiation profile persisting for at least 12 mo postirradiation. This study suggests that the number and capability of HSCs for T cell production can be dramatically and permanently damaged after a single relatively low TBI dose, accelerating aging-associated thymic involution. Our findings may impact evaluation and therapeutic intervention of human TBI events.
The PYHIN Protein p205 Regulates the Inflammasome by Controlling Asc Expression
Authors: Ghosh Sreya , Wallerath Christina , Covarrubias Sergio , Hornung Veit , Carpenter Susan , Fitzgerald Katherine A.
Published: September 2017

Members of the IFN-inducible PYHIN protein family, such as absent in melanoma-2 and IFN-γ–inducible protein (IFI)16, bind dsDNA and form caspase-1–activating inflammasomes that are important in immunity to cytosolic bacteria, DNA viruses, or HIV. IFI16 has also been shown to regulate transcription of type I IFNs during HSV infection. The role of other members of the PYHIN protein family in the regulation of immune responses is much less clear. In this study, we identified an immune-regulatory function for a member of the murine PYHIN protein family, p205 (also called Ifi205). Examination of immune responses induced by dsDNA and other microbial ligands in bone marrow–derived macrophages lacking p205 revealed that inflammasome activation by dsDNA, as well as ligands that engage the NLRP3 inflammasome, was severely compromised in these cells. Further analysis revealed that p205-knockdown cells showed reduced expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like molecule containing CARD domain (Asc) at the protein and RNA levels. p205 knockdown resulted in reduced binding of actively transcribing RNA polymerase II to the endogenous Asc gene, resulting in decreased transcription and processing of Asc pre-mRNA. Deletion of p205 in B16 melanoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a similar loss of Asc expression. Ectopic expression of p205 induced expression of an Asc promoter–luciferase reporter gene. Together, these findings suggest that p205 controls expression of Asc mRNA to regulate inflammasome responses. These findings expand on our understanding of immune-regulatory roles for the PYHIN protein family.
The clinical spectrum of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: beyond exocrine glands
Authors: Leone M.C. , Alunno A. , Cafaro G. , Valentini V. , Marcucci E. , Bartoloni E. , Gerli R.
Published: September 2017

Although primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a mild indolent chronic disease mainly characterized by mucosal dryness in the majority of cases, a consistent subgroup of patients display extra-glandular manifestations. Virtually any organs and systems can be affected, leading to a more serious disease prognosis. Therefore, the prompt identification of patients at higher risk of extra-glandular manifestations is necessary to start a thorough follow up and an aggressive treatment. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of epidemiological, clinical and serological features of extra-glandular manifestations in pSS as well as current knowledge about putative biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
In memoriam: Ignazio Olivieri
Authors: Salvarani C.
Published: September 2017

Not available
The lived experiences and social support needs of first-time mothers at health care facilities in the City of Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Masala-Chokwe Mmajapi E.T. , Ramukumba Tendani S.
Published: September 2017

Background: Social support refers to the assistance people receive from others, and it is divided into four types of support. Given the increasing mortality and morbidity rates of mothers and neonates postpartum, this study intended to determine whether the social support needs of the first-time mothers were met after early discharge from health care facilities.Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the lived experiences and social support needs of the first-time mothers after an early discharge from health care facilities in the City of Tshwane, Gauteng.Method: A qualitative explorative study was conducted to explore the lived experiences and social support needs of the first-time mothers. The population were first-time mothers who had a vaginal delivery and were discharged within 6–12 hours of delivery from health care facilities. Purposive sampling was performed and 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted, with those mothers who came for the prescribed three postnatal check-ups at the three health care facilities identified according to maternity services provided. Saturation of data for the three health care facilities was reached at the 14th interview. Data analysis was performed using the hermeneutic interpretive approach.Results: Almost all participants had completed grades 11 or 12, but most were unemployed. The needs identified included the need for social support, lack of confidence, knowledge and skill to care for themselves and their newborn babies after early discharge.Conclusion: There is need to identify alternative types of social support for the first-time mothers, to ensure a normal adjustment to motherhood.
Die belang van Prof. F.J. van Zyl vir Hervormde Teologie
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: September 2017

In this article the contribution of professor Frans J. van Zyl (1913–2008) will be scrutinised as to determine the influence his thoughts had on the theology of the Netherdutch Reformed Church. As Van Zyl was seen as a follower of the theology of Karl Barth, his greatest influence centered around the ideas of Barth. Here, particular reference will be made to his view of the Bible and the Dialectical theology. The article also addresses the problem of the existence of so-called churchly theology and investigates the role Reformed theology played in the Netherdutch Reformed Church. The contribution Van Zyl made to Reformed theology is measured in terms of his contribution to (1) an understanding of God, (2) to a view on scripture and (3) his emphasis on the importance of mission work. Further, (4) his way of unselfishly serving in the church becomes a theological testimony to his character and example to the church. Lastly, (5) his condonation of white-only membership of the Netherdutch Reformed Church is not seen as a blemish to his name, but rather interpreted here as a continuation of the Reformed heritage in the sense that the nature of man is flawed by sin.
Die veelkantige nawerking van Luther in Halle- Wittenberg: ’n Leksikografiese bydrae tot Reformasie 500 oor August Hermann Francke en Paul Tillich
Authors: Van Wyk Ignatius W.C. , Le Roux Elritha
Published: September 2017

The article is a lexicographic contribution to Reformation 500. Two relatively unknown Lutheran theologians to the South African public, namely August Francke and Paul Tillich, are presented here. Both were students and lecturers at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Both of them wanted to be known as Lutheran theologians. The two are totally opposites. Francke was a practical theologian who initiated many diaconal projects that are still active after 300 years. Tillich was a philosopher of religion and a systematic theologian. He made a huge contribution in promoting Lutheran ideas to secular society in the United States of America.
Leech Infestation Presenting as Severe Rectal Bleeding
Authors: Narayan Jimmy , Nath Preetam , Singh Ayaskanta , Padhi Pradeep Kumar , Parida Prasanta Kumar , Pati Girish Kumar , Singh Shivaram Prasad
Published: September 2017

Leech or Hirudinea is a major parasite in rural India. Normally, the leech attacks the skin and exposed areas. An 18‑year‑old child presented with bleeding per rectum for 1 day along with giddiness. A history revealed that while the boy was working in a field, had acrawling sensation in the perianal area. After admission, the patient was resuscitated with crystalloids and a limited colonoscopy revealed a rectal ulcer with a leech head attached to its base. The hooklets were removed using foreign body removal forceps and injection Adrenaline at 1:10,000 dilutions was injected in 1 ml aliquots into four quadrant to achieve hemostasis. There was no postprocedure complication. Leech infestation can present with exsanguinating acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleed.
Unusual Cause and Association of Gastrointestinal Bleed in a Young Boy
Authors: Srikanth K. P. , Thapa B. R. , Kanojia Ravi Prakash , Vaiphei Kim , Lal Sadhna B. , Menon Jagadeesh V. , Das Subhamoy
Published: September 2017

A 4-year old child, previously operated case of tetralogy of Fallot present with recurrent episodes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleed of one year duration. Endoscopic evaluation revealed multiple bluish vascular lesions in the duodenum and proximal jejunum and a single rectal polyp. Histology of the lesion was suggestive of venous malformation consistent with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS). Child underwent endoscopic snaring and surgical resection with end to end anastomosis. At six months’ follow-up child was asymptomatic without any bleed episodes.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Scope‑induced Duodenojejunal Flexure Perforation: The World’s First Case
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh A. , Shinde Pravin H. , Nagur Basavaraj K. , Digarse Rohan D.
Published: September 2017

Duodenojejunal (DJ) flexure perforation is very rare. DJ flexure perforation following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has not be documented till date. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present an ERCP‑induced DJ flexure perforation which has been treated with primary closure in two layers at our institution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the world’s first case. Such site of ERCP‑induced perforation has not been reported in literature till date. A 75‑year‑old female patient underwent repeated ERCP for obstructive jaundice. There was perforation during the third ERCP while removing the larger stone. Emergency laparotomy was performed with primary closure of perforation in two layers. ERCP‑induced DJ flexure perforation has not yet been documented. It is potentially life‑threatening. Early recognition may lead to a better prognosis through earlier intervention.
Coagulation Profile in Liver Diseases: A Study of 300 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kishore Sanjeev , Bhatia Gautam , Kaushik Sanjay , Bhatia Umesh
Published: September 2017

Background

The liver is the cornerstone of the coagulation system. The physiology of blood coagulation is closely linked to liver function as the liver synthesizes most of the factors of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic proteins.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate coagulation abnormalities associated with chronic liver diseases and determine the coagulation abnormalities using various coagulation studies [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), and platelet count].

Materials and methods

This study included 300 patients clinically diagnosed with liver disease and who were divided into three categories – cirrhosis, hepatitis, and other liver diseases. The coagulation tests PT, APTT, BT, CT, and platelet count were performed and the results were evaluated in groups.

Results

Out of the 300 patients, 156 were diagnosed with cirrhosis, 75 were of viral hepatitis, and 69 were of other liver diseases. About 62% (186/300) had prolonged PT. About 39.3% (118/300) had prolonged APTT. The BT was prolonged in 34% (102/300), while CT was prolonged in 10.6% (32/300). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 46% (138/300) patients.

Conclusion

We concluded that various abnormalities of coagulation tests vary greatly with different liver disorders, duration of the disorders, and their severity. Prolongation of PT and APTT in advancing liver cirrhosis indicates damage to the liver parenchyma resulting in decreased production of coagulation proteins with increased risk of bleeding tendencies, which can be detected before these ensue.

How to cite this article

Bhatia G, Kaushik S, Kumar R, Kishore S, Bhatia U. Coagulation Profile in Liver Diseases: A Study of 300 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand, India. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):61-64.
A Clinical Comparative Study of Ondansetron, Palonosetron, Ramosetron, and Metoclopramide for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic and ENT Surgery under General Anesthesia
Authors: Krishan Gopal , Hanjura Siddhartha , Agrawal Anil P , Vinay Vartika , Verma AP , Ahmad Reehan
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a well-known entity following surgical procedures and may result in serious complications including aspiration of gastric contents, prolonged recovery period, and impaired surgical wound healing. Laparoscopic surgery is a known risk factor for PONV. Also, the incidence of vomiting after ear nose throat (ENT) surgeries is relatively high.

Aims and Objectives

Our aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron, palonosetron, ramosetron, and metoclopramide to prevent PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic and ENT surgery under general anesthesia.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted on 120 adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic chole­cystectomy and ENT surgery under general anesthesia. All patients were randomized into four groups (O, P, R, and M) with 30 patients each and received injection ondansetron (4 mg), palonosetron (0.075 mg), ramosetron (0.3 mg), and metoclopramide (10 mg) intravenously during premedication. Patients were observed intraoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively for any episodes of nausea and vomiting. All the patients were observed for side effects, such as dizziness, headache, allergic reactions, etc.

Conclusion

Palonosetron is quite effective in prevention of PONV compared with ramosetron, ondansetron, and metoclopramide given intravenously for various surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Its effectiveness in PONV provides a new cost-effective agent to the present recital of antiemetic drugs.

How to cite this article

Vinay V, Agrawal AP, Verma AP, Krishan G, Ahmad R, Hanjura S. A Clinical Comparative Study of Ondansetron, Palonosetron, Ramosetron, and Metoclopramide for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic and ENT Surgery under General Anesthesia. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):65-69.
A project management framework for enhanced productivity performance using building information modelling
Authors: Liao Longhui , Teo Evelyn Ai Lin , Low Sui Pheng
Published: September 2017

Although the Singapore government has mandated submissions of building plans in building information modelling (BIM) format since July 2013, this does not yet seem to lead to enhanced productivity performance. BIM collaboration between designers and downstream contractors appears to remain inadequate. While many studies have been conducted on using BIM for better project outcomes, studies that relate BIM with the identification of non-value adding activities in the project lifecycle and the reduction of the resulting wastes are at infancy stage. This paper aims to propose a project management framework for enhancing the productivity of building projects in Singapore, which forms Phase I of an ongoing research project. A two-pronged approach is presented. Firstly, non-value adding activities in the current project delivery process that uses BIM partially in Singapore are identified by comparing the typical current process with full BIM-based processes; such activities are cut down after process transformation in terms of people, process, and technology. Secondly, time savings derived from reducing the wastes caused by these activities are quantified. The proposed framework was validated by a case study of a local residential project. It was concluded that this framework provides a valuable tool for project teams to enhance productivity performance.
Table of Contents
Authors: Todd Lindi
Published: September 2017

Table of Contents
Shift of subtropical transport barriers explains observed hemispheric asymmetry of decadal trends of age of air
Authors: Stiller Gabriele P. , Fierli Federico , Ploeger Felix , Cagnazzo Chiara , Funke Bernd , Haenel Florian J. , Reddmann Thomas , Riese Martin , von Clarmann Thomas
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In response to global warming, the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere is expected to accelerate and the mean transport time of air along this circulation to decrease. This would imply a negative stratospheric age of air trend, i.e. an air parcel would need less time to travel from the tropopause to any point in the stratosphere. Age of air as inferred from tracer observations, however, shows zero to positive trends in the northern mid-latitude stratosphere and zonally asymmetric patterns. Using satellite observations and model calculations we show that the observed latitudinal and vertical patterns of the decadal changes of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere during the period 2002–2012 are predominantly caused by a southward shift of the circulation pattern by about 5°. After correction for this shift, the observations reveal a hemispherically almost symmetric decrease of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere up to 800 K of up to −0.25 years over the 2002–2012 period with strongest decrease in the northern tropics. This net change is consistent with long-term trends from model predictions.
Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Pitari Giovanni , Aquila Valentina , Tilmes Simone , Cionni Irene , Di Genova Glauco , Mancini Eva
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG), made by sustained injection of SO2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the CH4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric OH and hence the methane lifetime. (a) The reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the surface, with a tropospheric H2O decrease. (b) The tropospheric UV budget is upset by the additional aerosol scattering and stratospheric ozone changes: the net effect is meridionally not uniform, with a net decrease in the tropics, thus producing less tropospheric O(1D). (c) The extratropical downwelling motion from the lower stratosphere tends to increase the sulfate aerosol surface area density available for heterogeneous chemical reactions in the mid-to-upper troposphere, thus reducing the amount of NOx and O3 production. (d) The tropical lower stratosphere is warmed by solar and planetary radiation absorption by the aerosols. The heating rate perturbation is highly latitude dependent, producing a stronger meridional component of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The net effect on tropospheric OH due to the enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange may be positive or negative depending on the net result of different superimposed species perturbations (CH4, NOy, O3, SO4) in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In addition, the atmospheric stabilization resulting from the tropospheric cooling and lower stratospheric warming favors an additional decrease of the UTLS extratropical CH4 by lowering the horizontal eddy mixing. Two climate–chemistry coupled models are used to explore the above radiative, chemical and dynamical mechanisms affecting CH4 transport and lifetime (ULAQ-CCM and GEOSCCM). The CH4 lifetime may become significantly longer (by approximately 16 %) with a sustained injection of 8 Tg-SO2 yr−1 starting in the year 2020, which implies an increase of tropospheric CH4 (200 ppbv) and a positive indirect radiative forcing of sulfate geoengineering due to CH4 changes (+0.10 W m−2 in the 2040–2049 decade and +0.15 W m−2 in the 2060–2069 decade).
Smoothing data series by means of cubic splines: quality of approximation and introduction of a repeating spline approach
Authors: Wüst Sabine , Wendt Verena , Linz Ricarda , Bittner Michael
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Cubic splines with equidistant spline sampling points are a common method in atmospheric science, used for the approximation of background conditions by means of filtering superimposed fluctuations from a data series. What is defined as background or superimposed fluctuation depends on the specific research question. The latter also determines whether the spline or the residuals – the subtraction of the spline from the original time series – are further analysed.Based on test data sets, we show that the quality of approximation of the background state does not increase continuously with an increasing number of spline sampling points and/or decreasing distance between two spline sampling points. Splines can generate considerable artificial oscillations in the background and the residuals.We introduce a repeating spline approach which is able to significantly reduce this phenomenon. We apply it not only to the test data but also to TIMED-SABER temperature data and choose the distance between two spline sampling points in a way that is sensitive for a large spectrum of gravity waves.