bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, socioeconomic status and asthma in children
Authors: Omura Makiko , Cortese Samuele , Bailhache Marion , Navarro Marie C. , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith , Heude Barbara , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , Galera Cédric
Published: April 2024

Socioeconomic status (SES) influences the risk of both physical diseases, such as asthma, and neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using Causal Mediation Analysis on French birth-cohort data, we found a causal pathway from SES to ADHD symptoms, in part mediated by asthma. An increase in family income at age 3 by one unit resulted in lower ADHD symptoms at age 5, by −0.37 [95% CI: −0.50, −0.24] SDQ-score-points, with additional −0.04 [95% CI: −0.08, −0.01] points reduction indirectly via asthma at age 3, both with statistical significance. Importantly, family income at age 3 exerted both direct and indirect (via asthma) negative effects on later ADHD symptoms with much higher magnitudes for the direct effect. Our findings underscore the importance of apprehending ADHD symptoms in the broader context of socioeconomic disparities, along with their comorbidities with asthma, potentially influencing public health interventions and clinical practice in managing ADHD.
Field method for preservation of total mercury in waters, including those associated with artisanal scale gold mining
Authors: King David C. P. , Watts Michael J. , Hamilton Elliott M. , Mortimer Robert J. G. , Coffey Mike , Osano Odipo , Ondayo Maureene Auma , Di Bonito Marcello
Published: April 2024

A method was developed for sampling and preserving total Hg from water samples, recovering >75% Hg over 4 weeks of storage. The method was assessed using water samples at artisanal gold mining sites in Kenya.
Optical spectra and exciton radiative lifetimes in bulk transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Villegas Cesar E. P. , Marinho Enesio , Venezuela Pedro , Rocha Alexandre R.
Published: April 2024

Here, based on ab initio many-body perturbation calculations, we study the exciton dynamics and optical response spectra of bulk 2H-MX2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se).
Reversible light-induced spin state switching in a dinuclear Fe(ii) spin crossover complex
Authors: Wang Jun-Li , Zhou Hang-Yue , Zhao Liang , Meng Yin-Shan , Liu Tao
Published: April 2024

A dinuclear Fe(ii) complex exhibits a reversible light-induced spin crossover behavior by alternate irradiation with 532 and 808 nm lasers.
Global environmental and toxicological data of emerging plasticizers: current knowledge, regrettable substitution dilemma, green solution and future perspectives
Authors: Qadeer Abdul , Anis Muhammad , Warner Genoa R. , Potts Courtney , Giovanoulis Georgios , Nasr Samia , Archundia Denisse , Zhang Qinghuan , Ajmal Zeeshan , Tweedale Anthony C. , Kun Wang , Wang Pengfei , Haoyu Ren , Jiang Xia , Shuhang Wang
Published: April 2024

The global plasticizer market is projected to increase from $17 billion in 2022 to $22.5 billion in 2027.
A blood-based multi-omic landscape for the molecular characterization of kidney stone disease
Authors: Pan‡ Weibing , Yun Tianwei , Ouyang Xin , Ruan Zhijun , Zhang Tuanjie , An Yuhao , Wang Rui , Zhu Peng
Published: April 2024

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common urological disease entailing the formation of minerals and salts that form inside the urinary tract, caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension, and monogenetic components in most patients.
N,N′-Bis(imidazolyl)guanidinylphosphines: powerful initiators for conjugate-addition polymerization of Michael-type monomers
Authors: Wen Lang-Qi , Chen Wei , Ren Wei-Min , Lu Xiao-Bing , Zhou Hui
Published: April 2024

A series of electron-rich phosphines were synthesized, which can effectively initiate the conjugated-addition polymerization of Michaeltype monomers to value-added polyolefins.
First synthesis of RuSn solid-solution alloy nanoparticles and their enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction activity
Authors: Zhou Xin , Mukoyoshi Megumi , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Murakami Yasukazu , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Seo Okkyun , Sakata Osami , Ina Toshiaki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Solid-solution RuSn alloy NPs were successfully synthesised for the first time and exhibited enhanced HER catalytic activity compared with Ru NPs and commercial Pt NPs under alkaline conditions, providing new insights for the design of catalysts.
Passivation of silicon nanowires with Ni particles and a PEDOT/MnOX composite for high-performance aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Pengwei , Sun Shouyan , Wang Tongfei , Shen Xiaojuan , Zhu Maiyong
Published: April 2024

Ni particles and PM were used to passivate SiNWs for high-performance aqueous supercapacitors.
Advances in uremic toxin detection and monitoring in the management of chronic kidney disease progression to end-stage renal disease
Authors: Lee Han , Liu Kuan-Hung , Yang Yu-Hsuan , Liao Jiunn-Der , Lin Bo-shen , Wu Zheng-Zhe , Chang Alice Chinghsuan , Tseng Chin-Chung , Wang Ming-Cheng , Tsai Yau-Sheng
Published: April 2024

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) rely on dialysis to remove toxins and stay alive.
Antibody-labeled gold nanoparticle based resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of S100B
Authors: Tiantian Wang , Yonghui Wang , Junbo Li
Published: April 2024

A dual wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering (DWO-RRS) method was established and can be used to determine the concentration of S100B in human serum with satisfactory results.
Rapid detection of monkeypox virus and differentiation of West African and Congo Basin strains using endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time PCR-based testing
Authors: Zhou Juan , Xiao Fei , Huang Xiaolan , Fu Jin , Jia Nan , Sun Chunrong , Chen Min , Xu Zheng , Huang Hui , Wang Yi
Published: April 2024

A novel multiplex ET-PCR assay that integrates PCR amplification, restriction endonuclease cleavage and real-time fluorescence detection was devised to diagnose MPXV infection and distinguish the Congo Basin and West Africa MPXV strains.
Organic precursors for tailored synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons: a molecular design approach
Authors: Hamada Takashi , Nara Hiroki , Kim Minjun , Miyata Hirokatsu , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: April 2024

The tailor-made synthesis of heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbon through a bottom-up approach utilizing molecular design and the soft template method.
Visible light-promoted [3+2] cyclization reaction of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Yang Ming , Meng Yu-Xuan , Mehfooz Haroon , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: April 2024

A visible-light-induced [3+2] cyclization of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed and provides a new and efficient method for the construction of perfluoroalkyl-substituted 1-pyrrolines.
Cr-catalyzed borylation of C(aryl)–F bonds using a terpyridine ligand
Authors: Liu Senlin , Luo Zheng , Zhao Shuaiyong , Luo Meiming , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

The defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes by chromium-catalyzed cleavage of unactivated C–F bonds is described.
Tunable and switchable multifunctional terahertz meta-mirror based on graphene and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Zhang Xinzhi , Sun Aihui , Jiang Zhilong , Liu Cheng , Wang Shouyu , Kong Yan
Published: April 2024

The meta-mirror we designed integrates four functions: linear-to-linear polarization conversion, linear-to-circular polarization conversion, linear dichroism and circular dichroism, and can be adjusted by temperature and voltage.
Contrasting a series of bidentate amido phosphine oxide, sulfide, or selenide ligands and complexes of dimethyl aluminum and indium
Authors: George Tanner , Masuda Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Dimethyl aluminum and indium complexes of a series of three phosphine chalcogenide ligands.
Advanced electron paramagnetic resonance in chemical energy conversion: current status and future potential
Authors: Attar Farid , Yin Hang , Schumann Simon Lennard , Langley Julien , Cox Nicholas , Zeng Zhiyuan , Catchpole Kylie , Karuturi Siva , Yin Zongyou
Published: April 2024

EPR aids catalyst research in energy systems by enhancing understanding, optimizing synthesis, elucidating mechanisms, and improving stability.
Integrated metabolic profiles and microbial communities to reveal the beneficial effect of red pitaya on early constipation
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Meng Xiran , Sun Mo , Qin Bingqing , Kong Shuaiwen , Xie Lixia , Zhang Wei , Ding Xudong , Zhang Chenning
Published: April 2024

Red pitaya ameliorates loperamide hydrochloride-induced early constipation in mice through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites related to tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis in feces and serum.
Correction: Nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds after a 16-week supplementation with a flavanone-rich ingredient
Authors: Muralidharan Jananee , Romain Cindy , Bresciani Letizia , Mena Pedro , Angelino Donato , Del Rio Daniele , Chung Linda H. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Cases Julien
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds after a 16-week supplementation with a flavanone-rich ingredient’ by Jananee Muralidharan et al., Food Funct., 2023, 14, 10506–10519, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO02820H.
Exploring hybrid hard carbon/Bi2S3-based negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Tratnik Blaž , Aina Sergio , Tchernychova Elena , Gabrijelčič Matej , Mali Gregor , Lobera Maria Pilar , Bernechea Maria , Morcrette Mathieu , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert
Published: April 2024

Exploring hybridization of Bi2S3 nanorods with hard carbon substrate for sodium-ion batteries revealed enhanced performance with MPA modification, elucidating charge storage mechanisms and transformation dynamics, advancing battery electrode design.
A selenide-based coumarin fluorescent probe for fluorescence imaging of hypochlorous acid in cells and zebrafish
Authors: He Yan , Yang Taorui , Lin Bin , Fan Jiaxin , Han Yifeng
Published: April 2024

A new selenide-based fluorescent probe was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of HOCl in living cells and zebrafish.
Correction: Effects of polymer precursor conjugation length on the optoelectronic properties of fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based D–A systems
Authors: Mo Daize , Tong Tong , Chao Pengjie , Deng Kuirong , Zhang Qingwen
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Effects of polymer precursor conjugation length on the optoelectronic properties of fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based D–A systems’ by Daize Mo et al., New J. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nj00131a.
Salt-induced Fmoc-tripeptide supramolecular hydrogels: a combined experimental and computational study of the self-assembly
Authors: Criado-Gonzalez Miryam , Peñas Mario Iván , Barbault Florent , Müller Alejandro J. , Boulmedais Fouzia , Hernández Rebeca
Published: April 2024

Delving into the mechanism behind the molecular interactions at the atomic level of short-sequence peptides plays a key role in the development of nanomaterials with specific structure–property–function relationships from a bottom-up perspective.
A spin wave driven skyrmion-based diode on a T-shaped nanotrack
Authors: Saini Shipra , Bindal Namita , Raj Ravish Kumar , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Utilizing spin waves driven skyrmion, a T-shaped nanotrack enables diode functionality, crucial for spintronic devices. It is achieved with 60–80 GHz and 0.07–0.4 T field, offering speed upto 100 m s−1. This innovation heralds non-charge-based device.
Phase control of solid-solution RuIn nanoparticles and their catalytic properties
Authors: Zhou Xin , Mukoyoshi Megumi , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Murakami Yasukazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

We achieved the phase control of solid-solution RuIn NPs from fcc to hcp crystal structures by H2 heat treatment for the first time. The hcp RuIn NPs exhibited enhanced HER catalytic performance in comparison with the fcc RuIn NPs.
Fabrication of water-resistant fluorescent ink using the near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3 doped with NiBr2
Authors: Roy Dipanwita , Guha Shramana , Acharya Somobrata
Published: April 2024

In this study, we report on the synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) doping with transition metal ion Ni2+ with high photoluminescence. The fabricated fluorescent ink of Ni2+ doped NCs showsthe water resistivity and thermal stability.
Narcissistic self-sorting in Zn(ii) porphyrin derived semiconducting nanostructures
Authors: Ramakrishna Yelukula , Naresh Madarapu , Mrinalini Madoori , Pravallika Nagadatta , Kumari Priti , Bhavani Botta , Giribabu Lingamallu , Prasanthkumar Seelam
Published: April 2024

Self-assembly of two similar porphyrin derivatives leads to long axial nanofibers but their mixture results in short nanorods comprising narcissistic self-sorted structures with transitional electrical conductivity.
Freezing-enhanced chlorination of organic pollutants for water treatment
Authors: Wu Duanyang , Li Junxue , Xu Jing , Cheng Wei
Published: April 2024

Freezing-accelerated chlorination was observed for different organic pollutants and the chlorine/freezing system shows potential feasibility for water treatment in cold environments.
Reusable magnetic mixture of CuFe2O4–Fe2O3 and TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of pesticides in water
Authors: Danilian Dmytro , Bundrück Franziska Maria , Kikas Arvo , Käämbre Tanel , Mändar Hugo , Lehner Sandro , Gogos Alexander , Kozlova Jekaterina , Kook Mati , Kiisk Valter , Link Joosep , Stern Raivo , Ivask Angela , Kisand Vambola , Pärna Rainer
Published: April 2024

Mixture of TiO2-P25 and magnetic CuFe2O4–Fe2O3 nanocomposites improves photocatalytic water treatment and enables easy catalyst recovery, effectively degrading pollutants like 2,4-D.
High-fidelity synthesis of microhole templates with low-surface-energy-enabled self-releasing photolithography
Authors: Jia Peipei , Zhou Shaolin , Cai Xiaobing , Guo Qiuquan , Niu Haoran , Ning Wenping , Sun Yong , Zhang Dongxing
Published: April 2024

A self-releasing photolithographic technique is developed to synthesize freestanding polymeric templates with high structural fidelity, smooth surfaces and excellent flexibility.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/hydrochar matrix composites for enhanced ammonia degradation
Authors: Zhao Ling , Sun Jiaxing , E. Shuang , Sheng Kuichuan , Wang Kaiying , Zhang Ximing
Published: April 2024

Development of a one-pot method for synthesizing TiO2/hydrochar matrix composites.
A high-performance room-temperature NH3 gas sensor based on WO3/TiO2 nanocrystals decorated with Pt NPs
Authors: Wu Zhixuan , Chen Zhengai , Deng Zhixiang , Dai Ning , Sun Yan , Ge Meiying
Published: April 2024

In this work, a high-performance room-temperature ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on Pt-modified WO3–TiO2 nanocrystals was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal.
Selenosalicylate; a little-studied heavy-element analogue of the versatile thiosalicylate ligand
Authors: Atiga Simeon , Saunders Graham C. , Henderson William
Published: April 2024

Selenosalicylic acid was synthesised by reacting 2-carboxybenzenediazonium chloride with Na2Se2 followed by reduction of the resulting diselenide with zinc and acetic acid. The deprotonated acid reacted with metal precursors to form selenosalicylate complexes.
Solid state engineering of Bi2S3/rGO nanostrips: an excellent electrode material for energy storage applications
Authors: Autade Vijay B. , Bhattacharjee Kaustav , Kate Ranjit S. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Apte Sanjay K. , Kale Bharat B. , Arote Sandeep A.
Published: April 2024

Herein, the study reported unique one-pot and scalable solid-state methodology to prepare bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites using bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), thiourea and graphene oxide (GO) for energy storage applications.
Catalytic pyrolysis and in situ carbonization of walnut shells: poly-generation and enhanced electrochemical performance of carbons
Authors: He Wenjing , Liu Keling , Zhang Lanjun , Liu Muxin , Ni Zhengjie , Li Yueyang , Xu Duoduo , Cui Minjie , Zhao Yibo
Published: April 2024

Coupling catalytic pyrolysis and carbonization of walnut shells in one step can indeed lead to improvements in both the quality of bio-oil and gas produced, as well as the electrochemical performance of the resulting carbons.
Engineering copper plasmonic chirality via ligand-induced dissolution for enantioselective recognition of amino acids
Authors: Maniappan Sonia , Dutta Camelia , Cheran Arunima , Solís Diego M. , Kumar Jatish
Published: April 2024

A facile approach is introduced for the synthesis of chiral copper nanoparticles displaying ligand-mediated chiral induction. Nanoparticle to complex conversion through ligand induced dissolution enabled the enantioselective recognition of histidine.
High-fidelity imaging of a tumour-associated lysosomal enzyme with an acceptor engineering-boosted near-infrared fluorescent probe
Authors: Feng Bin , Chu Feiyi , Fang Yanpeng , Liu Min , Feng Xueping , Dong Jie , Chen Fei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: April 2024

This work reports an acceptor engineering-boosted near-infrared fluorescent probe for high-fidelity imaging of tumour-associated β-galactosidase specifically in lysosomes and in vivo.
Excitation generated preferential binding sites for ethane on porous carbon–copper porphyrin sorbents: ethane/ethylene adsorptive separation improved by light
Authors: Qi Shi-Chao , Zhao Yun-Jie , Lu Xiao-Jie , Liu Yong-Lan , Sun Zhen , Liu Xiao-Qin , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: April 2024

For C2H6/C2H4 adsorptive separation, utilizing the excited states of the sorbent to generate new adsorption sites for preferential binding of C2H6 is proposed.
The effect of ancillary ligands on hydrocarbon C–H bond functionalization by uranyl photocatalysts
Authors: Rutkauskaite Ryte , Zhang Xiaobin , Woodward Adam W. , Liu Yanlin , Herrera Gabriel , Purkis Jamie , Woodall Sean D. , Sarsfield Mark , Schreckenbach Georg , Natrajan Louise S. , Arnold Polly L.
Published: April 2024

We show how the effect of different ligands on the control of the functionalization of unactivated hydrocarbons by visible light excited uranyl catalysts.
Sharply expanding single-atomically dispersed Fe–N active sites through bidirectional coordination for oxygen reduction
Authors: Jin Huihui , Yu Ruohan , Ji Pengxia , Zeng Weihao , Li Zhengying , He Daping , Mu Shichun
Published: April 2024

Triphenylphosphine not only restricts Fe growth with 2-methylimidazole in bidirectional confinement to obtain high-density Fe–N sites, but also prevents the irregular aggregation of Fe on the carbon surface to generate positive Fe2P nanocrystals.
The ex situ exsolved Ni–Ru alloy from nickel–ruthenium co-doped SrFeO3−δ perovskite as a potential catalyst for CC and CO hydrogenation
Authors: Bhavisha Meloth , Balamurugan Sarkarainadar , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal
Published: April 2024

The Ni–Ru alloy dispersed on the brownmillerite support efficiently hydrogenates biomass model component furfural into furfuryl alcohol, a value-added chemical.
Supercritical CO2 technology for the treatment of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cattaneo P. , D'Aprile F. , Kapelyushko V. , Mustarelli P. , Quartarone E.
Published: April 2024

Supercritical fluid technology is a promising approach for sustainable and efficient resource recovery (especially fluorinated binders and electrolytes) from end-of-life lithium ion batteries with significant economic and environmental perspectives.
Investigation of the lithium plating triggering criterion in graphite electrodes
Authors: Li Jiani , Wang Lubing , Xu Jun
Published: April 2024

The lithium plating onset time was detected precisely, and models incorporating a concentration criterion and a potential criterion were established to further elucidate the mechanisms governing the onset of lithium plating.
Prolonging the exciton diffusion length by manipulating molecular stacking enables pseudo-planar heterojunction organic solar cells to achieve over 19% efficiency
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhao Fuwen , Zhu Yufan , He Yi , Liu Zesheng , Han Xiao , Ai Qi , Shen Xingxing , Li Bao , Zhang Jianqi , Lin Yuze , Wang Chunru , He Dan
Published: April 2024

A solid additive, SA-5F, is employed to promote molecular stacking, which leads to higher crystallinity, boosting the exciton diffusion coefficient and then exciton diffusion length. Thus, D18/Y6+-based PPHJ OSCs afford an impressive PCE of 19.11%.
Correction: Tailoring quantum transport efficiency in molecular junctions via doping of graphene electrodes
Authors: Wang Xintai , Ning Shanglong , Lin Liyuan , Li Xiaoying , Ford Christopher J. B.
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Tailoring quantum transport efficiency in molecular junctions via doping of graphene electrodes’ by Xintai Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 5157–5165, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC04761J.
Poststroke Communication Ability Predicts Patient–Informant Discrepancies in Reported Activities and Participation
Authors: Jewell Courtney C. , Harnish Stacy M. , Brello Jennifer , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Cohen Matthew L.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Participation in life situations
has been identified by people with aphasia (PWA) as an ultimate outcome of rehabilitation and is often measured with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or informant-reported measures. It is known that PWA and informants do not always produce similar scores on measures of activities and participation. However, systematic differences between PWA and informants and the causes of these differences are not well understood. Here, we investigated these differences as a function of language impairment, perceived level of activity and participation success, and depressive symptoms.

Method:

Participants were 29 PWA–informant dyads who completed a performance-based language assessment and three measures related to different aspects of activities and participation. Outcome variables were PWA–informant difference scores in the activities and participation measures.

Results:

PWA ratings of activities and participation were not statistically significantly associated with performance-based language severity. Hierarchical regression models with both language impairment and informant-reported scores as predictor variables explained 53%–71% of the variance in PWA–informant difference scores (all
p
< .05). In particular, mild communication challenges were associated with the PWA reporting significantly worse participation than the informant perceived. In contrast, more severe communication challenges were associated with the PWA reporting significantly better participation than the informant perceived.

Discussion:

These findings highlight the importance of measuring participation by PROM. The PWA's experience of participation is not related to their level of language impairment and is predictably different from their care partners' perspective. As others have also reported, “mild” aphasia is not so mild to the PWA. Similarly, “severe” may not be so severe to the PWA. Further research is needed to connect these findings with counseling and caregiver education. Research on response processes (e.g., response shift) is also warranted.
The Association Between Stuttering Burden and Psychosocial Aspects of Life in Adults
Authors: Engelen Marscha M. , Franken Marie-Christine J. P. , Stipdonk Lottie W. , Horton Sarah E. , Jackson Victoria E. , Reilly Sheena , Morgan Angela T. , Fisher Simon E. , van Dulmen Sandra , Eising Else
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Stuttering is a speech condition that can have a major impact on a person's quality of life. This descriptive study aimed to identify subgroups of people who stutter (PWS) based on stuttering burden and to investigate differences between these subgroups on psychosocial aspects of life.

Method:

The study included 618 adult participants who stutter. They completed a detailed survey examining stuttering symptomatology, impact of stuttering on anxiety, education and employment, experience of stuttering, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. A two-step cluster analytic procedure was performed to identify subgroups of PWS, based on self-report of stuttering frequency, severity, affect, and anxiety, four measures that together inform about stuttering burden.

Results:

We identified a high- (
n
= 230) and a low-burden subgroup (
n
= 372). The high-burden subgroup reported a significantly higher impact of stuttering on education and employment, and higher levels of general depression, anxiety, stress, and overall impact of stuttering. These participants also reported that they trialed more different stuttering therapies than those with lower burden.

Conclusions:

Our results emphasize the need to be attentive to the diverse experiences and needs of PWS, rather than treating them as a homogeneous group. Our findings also stress the importance of personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with stuttering, considering all aspects that could influence their stuttering burden. People with high-burden stuttering might, for example, have a higher need for psychological therapy to reduce stuttering-related anxiety. People with less emotional reactions but severe speech distortions may also have a moderate to high burden, but they may have a higher need for speech techniques to communicate with more ease. Future research should give more insights into the therapeutic needs of people highly burdened by their stuttering.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25582980
Into the thick of it: ALMA 0.45 mm observations of HL Tau at a resolution of 2 au
Authors: Guerra-Alvarado Osmar M. , Carrasco-González Carlos , Macías Enrique , van der Marel Nienke , Houge Adrien , Maud Luke T. , Pinilla Paola , Villenave Marion , Asaki Yoshiharu , Humphreys Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Aims. To comprehend the efficiency of dust evolution within protoplanetary disks, it is crucial to conduct studies of these disks using high-resolution observations at multiple wavelengths with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).

Methods. In this work, we present high-frequency ALMA observations of the HL Tau disk using its Band 9 centered at a wavelength of 0.45 mm. These observations achieve the highest angular resolution in a protoplanetary disk to date, 12 milliarcseconds (mas), allowing the study of the dust emission at scales of 2 au. We used these data to extend the previously published multiwavelength analysis of the HL Tau disk, constraining the dust temperature, dust surface density, and maximum grain size throughout the disk. We performed this modeling for compact solid dust particles as well as for porous particles.

Results. Our new 0.45 mm data mainly trace optically thick emission, providing a tight constraint to the dust temperature profile. We derive maximum particle sizes of ~1 cm from the inner disk to ~60 au. Beyond this radius, we find particles between 300 µm and 1 mm. The total dust mass of the disk is 2.1 MJ with compact grains, and it increases to 6.3 MJ assuming porous particles. Moreover, an intriguing asymmetry is observed at 32 au in the northeast inner part of the HL Tau disk at 0.45 mm. We propose that this asymmetry is the outcome of a combination of factors, including the optically thick nature of the emission, the orientation of the disk, and a relatively large dust scale height of the grains that is preferentially traced at 0.45 mm. To validate this, we conducted a series of radiative transfer models using the software RADMC-3D. Our models varying dust masses and scale heights successfully replicate the observed asymmetry in the HL Tau disk. If this scenario is correct, our measured dust mass within 32 au would suggest a dust scale height H/R > 0.08 for the inner disk. Finally, the unprecedented resolution allowed us to probe the dust emission down to scales of a few au for the first time. We observed an increase in brightness temperature inside the estimated water snowline, and we speculate whether this might indicate a traffic-jam effect in the inner disk.

Conclusions. Our results show that 0.45 mm observations of protoplanetary disks can be used to robustly constrain the radial profile of their dust temperature. Additionally, the higher optical depths at this wavelength can be used to constrain the vertical scale height of the dust. Finally, these higher frequencies allow us to reach higher spatial resolutions, which have the potential to resolve the region within the water snowline in disks.
Generation of relativistic electrons at the termination shock in the solar flare region
Authors: Mann G. , Veronig A. M. , Schuller F.
Published: April 2024

Context. Solar flares are accompanied by an enhanced emission of electromagnetic waves from the radio up to the γ-ray range. The associated hard X-ray and microwave radiation is generated by energetic electrons. These electrons play an important role, since they carry a substantial part of the energy released during a flare. The flare is generally understood as a manifestation of magnetic reconnection in the corona. The so-called standard CSHKP model is one of the most widely accepted models for eruptive flares. The solar flare event on September 10, 2017 offers us a unique opportunity to study this model. The observations from the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) show that ≈1.6 × 104 electrons with energies > 300 keV are generated in the flare region.

Aims. There are signatures in solar radio and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations as well as numerical simulations that a “termination shock” (TS) appears in the magnetic reconnection outflow region. Electrons accelerated at the TS can be considered to generate the loop-top hard X-ray sources. In contrast to previous studies, we investigate whether the heating of the plasma at the TS provides enough relativistic electrons needed for the hard X-ray and microwave emission observed during the solar X8.2 flare on September 10, 2017.

Methods. We studied the heating of the plasma at the TS by evaluating the jump in the temperature across the shock by means of the Rankine–Hugoniot relationships under coronal circumstances measured during the event on September 10, 2017. The part of relativistic electrons was calculated in the heated downstream region.

Results. In the magnetic reconnection outflow region, the plasma is strongly heated at the TS. Thus, there are enough energetic electrons in the tail of the electron distribution function (EDF) needed for the microwave and hard X-ray emission observed during the event on September 10, 2017.

Conclusions. The generation of relativistic electrons at the TS is a possible mechanism of explaining the enhanced microwave and hard X-ray radiation emitted during flares.
Vibration control of an optical arm
Authors: Cherkaoui Jaouad Nada , Belhora Fouad , Alaoui Belghiti Amine , Toutouh Samira , Laasri Said , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: April 2024

Several nonlinear treatments of piezoelectric voltages have been studied and developed. These techniques greatly improve the switching capabilities of piezoelectric materials. There are active and passive vibration control techniques: Passive technology involves connecting piezoelectric elements to a passive grid; and active technology requires a bulky system that contains at least a sensor, a controller, and a feedback actuator. In addition, control units and actuators require external power supplies and amplifiers. In addition, control units and actuators require external power supplies and amplifiers.

SSD (Synchronous Switch Damping) technology allows optimal management of energy transfer in multiphysical couplings, especially electromechanical couplings created by piezoelectric elements. Based on nonlinear manipulation of the voltage of active elements embedded in the host structure, they greatly increase the extracted mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy. Two main areas can benefit from this optimization: vibration control (SSD) technology, because more energy is extracted from the structure to minimize its energy vibration, and energy harvesting (SSH) technology, because the harvested electrical energy becomes sufficient to supply low consumption electronic circuits.

This work focuses on vibration control and energy harvesting using embedded piezoelectric elements.

First, the SSD principle applied to piezoelectric materials is introduced. Then, a summary is presented of the work consisting on estimating the attenuation obtained on the vibrations of an optical arm by non-linear SSD techniques.
Exploration des leviers psychopédagogiques : compréhension qualitative des facteurs promouvant le bien-être chez les étudiants en médecine
Authors: Schittek Alice , Givron Hélène , Desseilles Martin
Published: April 2024

Contexte : Cette étude a été réalisée à la suite d’une étude quantitative ayant montré les effets positifs d’une intervention psychopédagogique de quinze heures visant au bien-être d’étudiants en troisième année de médecine préclinique. But : Explorer ce qui, selon les étudiants, est à l’origine de ces effets positifs observés sur leur bien-être. Méthodes : Une analyse qualitative thématique a été réalisée sur 192 textes envoyés par 192 étudiants. Résultats : Le contenu qualitatif émanant des textes rejoint et clarifie les effets positifs observés lors de l’étude quantitative. Différents processus ont pu être identifiés comme étant potentiellement à l’origine de ces effets. Les facteurs influençant le bien-être des étudiants se regroupent en trois domaines : à un niveau intrapersonnel, la découverte du processus d’autorégulation, ainsi que le contenu et les outils appris par l’intervention ; à un niveau interpersonnel, le développement d’une culture de partage de vulnérabilités entre étudiants ; au niveau de l’environnement, les attitudes du formateur ainsi que le rythme et l’espace sûr de l’intervention semblent expliquer les effets positifs observés sur les étudiants. Conclusion : L’étude qualitative nous a permis d’aller un pas plus loin en identifiant, au sein des textes des étudiants, des processus potentiellement à l’origine des bénéfices identifiés de façon quantitative sur leur bien-être. Des études quantitatives ultérieures permettraient de tester de façon significative ces processus identifiés afin d’aider les pédagogues en santé à identifier les leviers permettant de veiller au bien-être de leurs étudiants.
Drei kontrastierende Verläufe von Frauen mit einer
Alkoholabhängigkeit: eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Gavez Silvija
Published: April 2024

Ziel Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von sozialen Beziehungen
auf Abstinenz und -stabilisierung bei Frauen mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeit
aufgezeigt. Aus der Perspektive der betroffenen Frauen wird eruiert, ob und
inwiefern Verhaltensweisen von Personen aus dem sozialen Umfeld als
unterstützend oder belastend wahrgenommen werden.

Methode Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie wurden halbstrukturierte
Interviews mit Frauen geführt, die gebeten wurden, von ihrer Alkoholabhängigkeit
zu erzählen. Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte nach einem rekonstruktiven
Ansatz. Die Ethikkommission der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich
hat das Vorgehen bewilligt.

Ergebnisse Anhand von drei kontrastierenden Verläufen wird dargelegt, wie
sich soziale Beziehungen auf das Trinkverhalten auswirken können. Erstens können
soziale Beziehungen massgeblich zum Entscheid zur Abstinenz beitragen und
Betroffene bei der Abstinenzstabilisierung motivieren. Zweitens können
belastende und stigmatisierende Reaktionsweisen Betroffene belasten. Drittens
tragen vor allem gesundheitliche Gründe zur Entscheidung zur Abstinenz bei,
während soziale Beziehungen kaum eine Rolle dabei spielen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, welche unterschiedlichen
Auswirkungen soziale Beziehungen auf das Trinkverhalten haben können. Dabei sind
sie in Wechselwirkung mit persönlichen Faktoren zu betrachten, wie
beispielsweise dem offenen oder heimlichen Konsum.
Blood Cell Count Ratios at Baseline are Associated with Initial
Clinical Response to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant, Clozapine-Naïve,
Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Llorca-Bofí Vicent , Bioque Miquel , Madero Santiago , Mallorquí Andrea , Oliveira Cristina , Garriga Marina , Parellada Eduard , García-Rizo Clemente
Published: April 2024

Background Clozapine is the recommended treatment for managing
treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and immunological mechanisms may be
involved in its unique antipsychotic efficacy. This study investigated whether
baseline immune abnormalities measured with blood cell count ratios can predict
the clinical response after initiating treatment with clozapine in patients with
clozapine naïve TRS.

Methods A longitudinal design was developed, involving 32 patients
diagnosed with treatment-resistant, clozapine-naïve schizophrenia-spectrum
disorder. Patients were evaluated at baseline before clozapine starting and 8
weeks of follow-up. Psychopathological status and immune abnormalities (blood
cell count ratios: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], monocyte-lymphocyte ratio
[MLR], platelet-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] and basophil-lymphocyte ratio [BLR]) were
evaluated in each visit.

Results Baseline NLR (b=− 0.364; p=0.041) and MLR (b =− 0.400; p=0.023)
predicted the change in positive symptoms over the 8-week period. Patients who
exhibited a clinical response showed higher baseline NLR (2.38±0.96 vs.
1.75±0.83; p=0.040) and MLR (0.21±0.06 vs. 0.17±0.02; p=0.044) compared to
non-responders. In the ROC analysis, the threshold points to distinguish between
responders and non-responders were approximately 1.62 for NLR and 0.144 for MLR,
yielding AUC values of 0.714 and 0.712, respectively. No statistically
significant differences were observed in the blood cell count ratios from
baseline to the 8-week follow-up.

Conclusion Our study emphasizes the potential clinical significance of
baseline NLR and MLR levels as predictors of initial clozapine treatment
response in patients with TRS. Future studies with larger sample sizes and
longer follow-up periods should replicate our findings.
Impact of long-term transmural plastic stents on recurrence after endoscopic treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Voermans Rogier P. , de Jonge Pieter Jan F. , de Jong David M , Stassen Pauline M. C. , Schoots Ivo G. , Verdonk Robert C. , Bruno Marco J.
Published: April 2024

Background Endoscopic transmural drainage (ETD) using double-pigtail stents (DPSs) is a well-established treatment for walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON). This study aimed to compare outcomes in patients undergoing ETD with DPSs left indwelling versus those where stents were removed or migrated.

Methods This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with WON who underwent ETD using DPSs between July 2001 and December 2019. The primary outcome was recurrence of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC). Secondary outcomes were long-term complications and recurrence-associated factors. Competing risk regression analysis considered DPS removal or migration as time-varying covariates.

Results Among 320 patients (median age 58; 36% women), DPSs were removed in 153 (47.8%), migrated spontaneously in 27 (8.4%), and remained indwelling in 140 (43.8%). PFC recurrence was observed in 57 patients (17.8%): after removal (n = 39; 25.5%); after migration (n = 4; 14.8%); in patients with indwelling DPSs (n = 14; 10.0%). In 25 patients (7.8%), drainage of recurrent PFC was indicated. Risk factors for recurrence were DPS removal or migration (hazard ratio [HR] 3.45, 95%CI 1.37–8.70) and presence of a disconnected pancreatic duct (HR 5.08, 95%CI 1.84–14.0).

Conclusions Among patients who undergo ETD of WON, leaving DPSs in situ seems to lower the risk of recurrent fluid collections, without any long-term DPS-related complications. These results suggest that DPSs should not be routinely removed and can be safely left indwelling indefinitely.
Clinical Conundrum of ACTH-Independent Cushing's Syndrome in a Child with Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Prashant , Monteiro Joewin , Qureshi Sajid , Karnik Nupur
Published: April 2024

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS) secondary to cortisol-secreting adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) in children has been seldom reported. We report on a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with CS due to a right-sided ACC. She presented with rapid onset obesity, virilization, and hypertensive urgency. Postserial diagnostic evaluation, control of hypertension, right adrenalectomy with en bloc resection of tumor mass were performed. The child had an excellent clinical and biochemical recovery with significant weight loss and return to normal serum cortisol levels.
Practical Suggestions for an Optimal Management of Vitamin K Antagonists: Italian Federation of Centers for the Diagnosis of Thrombotic Disorders and the Surveillance of the Antithrombotic Therapies (FCSA) Position Paper
Authors: Galliazzo Silvia , Bucciarelli Paolo , Barcellona Doris , Ciampa Antonio , Grandone Elvira , Malcangi Giuseppe , Rescigno Giuseppe , Squizzato Alessandro , Toschi Vincenzo , Testa Sophie , Poli Daniela
Published: April 2024

In the era of direct oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists retain a clinically relevant role in thrombotic disorders. In Italy, approximately 20% of the patients on anticoagulant therapies receives a VKA, in most cases warfarin. The optimal management of this drug is challenging and cannot disregard its intricate and unpredictable pharmacokinetic properties and patient's thrombotic and bleeding risk. Several clinical issues encountered during warfarin treatment are still unanswered and are tentatively addressed by physicians. In this regard, the Italian Federation of Centers for the diagnosis of thrombotic disorders and the Surveillance of the Antithrombotic therapies (FCSA) provides some experience-based good clinical practice's suggestions on the following topics: (1) how to start the anticoagulant treatment with warfarin and warfarin induction regimen; (2) how to manage a subtherapeutic INR value; (3) how to manage a supratherapeutic INR value in asymptomatic patients; and (4) how to manage the association of warfarin with interfering drugs.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation who Survived from Bleeding Event: The Results from COOL-AF Thailand Registry
Authors: Winijkul Arjbordin , Kaewkumdee Pontawee , Yindeengam Ahthit , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Krittayaphong Rungroj
Published: April 2024

Background Bleeding events are often reported among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), irrespective of antithrombotic use. This study is to determine clinical outcomes of patients with AF who survived from bleeding event.

Methods We analyzed data from COOL-AF (Cohort of Antithrombotic Use and Optimal International Normalized Ratio Levels in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Thailand registry. Outcomes of patients who experienced any bleeding were compared with patients who had never bleed. Time updated multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk for clinical outcomes of patients with and without bleeding.

Results Of total 3,405 patients (mean age: 67.8 ± 11.3 years; 41.9% female) in COOL-AF registry, 609 patients (17.9%) reported bleeding event occurs and 568 patients (93.3%) survived though hospital discharge. Patients who survived major bleeding (n = 126) were at increased risk for both death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.91–6.75, p < 0.001) and stroke/systemic embolism (adjusted HR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.19–9.24, p < 0.001). Minor bleeding also increased subsequent death (adjusted HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.56–2.90, p < 0.001). Up to 30% of patients who survived major bleeding and 6.3% of minor bleedings discontinued oral anticoagulation. Discontinuation was associated with very high death rate (42.1%), whereas patients who resumed oral anticoagulation after bleeding had lower mortality (10%). The most common causes of death in patients who survived a bleeding event were not related to cardiovascular causes nor bleeding.

Conclusion Patients with AF who have bleeding events have an increased risk for subsequent death and stroke and systemic embolism. These patients should be identified as vulnerable clinically complex patients and require a holistic approach to their AF management.
Evaluation of Reliability of Dynamic Scapholunate Distance Measured on 4D CT-Acquired Images
Authors: Goeminne Sofie , Salaets Emiel , Coudyzer Walter , Shah Darshan , Degreef Ilse , Scheys Lennart
Published: April 2024

Purpose A technique to measure scapholunate distance based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT)-acquired images is presented.

Methods Intra-observer variability was evaluated through a repeated-measures study. A 4D CT of seven patients suspected of scapholunate lesion was performed. Anatomical landmarks were identified on a three-dimensional reconstructed model of the wrist. All 4D CT datasets were evaluated thrice by two observers. Standard deviation of the differences between two measurements, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated.

Results Intra-observer variability for the expert observer (ICC > 0.95) was lower than that of the novice observer (ICC > 0.77) and interobserver variability was low (ICC > 0.85). For the expert observer, measurement error (SEM < 0.13 mm and MDC < 0.36 mm) was smaller than that of the novice observer (SEM < 0.45 mm and MDC < 1.24 mm). Both SEM and MDC values were low, compared to the scan resolution and the absolute value of intervals.

Conclusion The proposed assessment results in a reproducible and reliable measurement of scapholunate distance.
Right up their street? News media framing of the protest activities of far-right movement parties
Authors: Paxton Fred
Published: April 2024

Far-right parties have increasingly emphasised their movement-like characteristics as a novel mobilisation strategy. Existing studies of these so-called ‘far-right movement parties’ have concentrated on their internal organisation and communications to understand how they mediate between a movement and party identity through their own actions. Yet research is lacking on how this identity is constructed and presented by the news media: a crucial interface between institutional politics and public opinion. This paper pursues this enquiry with a comparative analysis of the newspaper coverage of two prominent cases—the German AfD and UKIP—and asks how coverage of their increasing involvement in protests has varied cross-nationally and evolved over time. The analysis reveals the relative salience of the protest activities of the far-right, along with the associated social movement actors, issues and frames used in the reporting. It shows that far-right party protest receives a low level of attention and tends to be accompanied by delegitimising framing, particularly when associated (extremist) movements are also present. In both cases analysed, a critical juncture generated increasing attention to far-right party protest, but also more delegitimising frames. The study provides new insights into the structures and processes which influence how the media has responded to the new far-right ‘movement party’ form in Europe, with implications for our understanding of contemporary far-right mobilisation strategies.