bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АУДІОВІЗУАЛЬНІ РЕКЛАМНІ ТВОРИ З НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЮ ТЕМАТИКОЮ ЯК КУЛЬТУРНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Zaria Svitlana
Published: December 2020

У статті досліджуються особливості сучасного творчого виробництва таких телевізійних проектів, як аудіовізуальні рекламні твори, що характеризуються використанням українських національних мотивів і позиціонуються рекламними кампаніями як культурний феномен сучасної України. Метою дослідження є простежити сучасну тенденцію використання патріотичного історичного образу, національних традицій і минулого українського народу в україномовній рекламі як ефективного засобу масової комунікації у вітчизняному відеовиробництві, виявити специфіку української національно-культурної складової у рекламі та виділити характерні риси відеоряду аудіовізуальних рекламних творів, де лейтмотивом сюжету є український національний колорит. Сучасні українські торгові марки звертаються до теми національних традицій у культурі та мистецтві, використовуючи їх в аудіовізуальних творах.

Кожна країна має свій рекламний стиль, що зумовлено особливостями національної свідомості, історією національних традицій. Менталітет нації та умови, у яких вона побутує, – це основна ознака рекламних повідомлень тієї країни, в якій вони транслюються. Географічна особливість сприйняття та технічні можливості накладають свій стиль на будь-яку рекламну кампанію. Рекламні відеоролики, у яких відображено народні традиції й асоціативні історичні образи, є потужним чинником формування позитивного іміджу як українського виробника, так і українського суспільства у світі. Телевізійна реклама, безумовно, є потужним суспільним і культурним механізмом впливу на масову аудиторію. Як культурологічний феномен вона відіграє важливу роль для збереження національної культури та традицій, закріплення та відродження національної самосвідомості суспільства як в окремих своїх проявах, так і в цілісному розумінні цього питання. Ця розвідка базується на ретельному системному аналізі численних прикладів національної рекламної відеопродукції з погляду ефективності її впливу на вітчизняну аудиторію.

Ключові слова: реклама, рекламний відеоролик, аудіовізуальний рекламний твір, національна культура, національні традиції, патріотизм.
Екслібрис як нарис історії культури України, комплексу духовних здобутків суспільства
Authors: Nesterenko Petro
Published: December 2020

Екслібрис або книжковий знак, виконується художниками для своїх друзів і знайомих, частіше безкоштовно, а також для участі в міжнародних чи місцевих конкурсах, до пам’ятних або ювілейних дат, а також на замовлення, переважно для заможних іноземних колекціонерів. Таким чином, екслібрис є важливим джерелом історії та культури не лише України, а всього людства.

            Особливою популярністю користувалась творчість легендарного поета, музиканта і актора Володимира Висоцького, у якого було чимало шанувальників. Вони замовляли екслібриси Миколі Бондаренку з Сумської області, Оресту Криворучку з Чернівців, Миколі Неймешу та Олексію Литвинову з Харкова. Останній на початку 1990-х рр. створив для Вадима Альбертіна з Очакова 2 десятки екслібрисів з образом В. Висоцького та героїв його творів. Не менш популярною  в мистецтві екслібриса був образ Анни Ахматової. Її поетичні рядки приваблювали мільйони людей протягом останніх десятиліть, як у нашій країні, так і за кордоном.

            Автор понад тисячі екслібрисів, Давид Беккер з Одеси – художник широкого тематичного діапазону. Його творчість презентована портретними образами відомих композиторів і серією «Карнавали Венеції».

            Не менш цікаві кольорові екслібриси Аркадія і Геннадія (батька й сина) Пугачевських, Володимира Вишняка з Києва, Василя Леоненка з Чернігова та ін.

            Майстри книжкового знаку полюбляють вшановувати видатних діячів культури і мистецтва минулого й присвячувати їм екслібриси пам'яті. Чимало таких графічних мініатюр створили Георгій Сергєєв з Києва, Борис Дроботюк зі Львова, Іван Балан з Чернівців та інші.

            Екслібриси Заслуженого художника України Іван Крислача зі Львова присвячені солістам Львівської національної опери ім. С. Крушельницької та акторам Львівського театру              ім. М. Заньковецької. Він також є автором численних книжкових знаків для львівських музеїв.
Особливості музичного метроритму в естрадному вокальному виконавстві
Authors: Samaya Tetyana
Published: December 2020

У статті порушується питання специфіки музичного метроритму в професійній підготовці естрадного вокаліста. Пропонується дискурсивний аналіз поняття «метроритм»; визначаються проблемні зони вивчення теорії ритму в сучасному вокальному виконавстві та науковому естрадознавчому полі.

Однією з головних проблем вокальної естради залишається поверхневий підхід до вивчення основ музичного метроритму. Актуальність питання полягає в забезпеченні представників науково-педагогічної галузі конструктивними знаннями з означеної проблематики. Розглядається не тривіальне бачення ритміки з позиції факультативного матеріалу або основ ділення тривалості нот (їх чіткого відтворення), а пропозиція підготувати у естрадного вокаліста професійне мислення до вивчення художньо-естетичних принципів ритму.

В освітніх програмах вокально-естрадного напряму відзначається дефіцит науково-дослідних матеріалів вивчення ритмічної культури, на якій базуються джаз, рок і поп-музика. У статті уточнюються особливості термінології сучасного вокаліста (офф-біт, патерн, стомпінг, риф, скет, крунінг); аналізується поняття «драйв», його специфічна особливість як чинника емоційного стану виконавця.

Встановлено, що змістовне наповнення музичного ритму є основним інструментом динамічного мислення вокаліста/музиканта, іншими словами, першоджерелом формування інтонаційно-динамічного способу вираження мелодичної і гармонічної структури сучасної виконавської техніки.

Визначено, що в професійній освіті естрадного вокаліста приділяється недостатньо уваги принципам ритмічної мови джазу як особливого виду музичної естетики та імпровізаційної складової музикування. Наводяться практичні приклади кореляції вокальної партії на основі метроритмічної інтерпретації.

У статті зосереджується увага на важливості поглибленого вивчення вокальної ритміки, оволодінні метроритмічними принципами та ритмоінтонаційними прийомами виконавської техніки, що належним чином збагачує та ефективно доповнює художньо-естетичний бік вокального мистецтва естради.
Evaluating New Extension Agent Communication Training Effectiveness to Prepare Agricultural and Environmental Communicators for Global Issues
Authors: Holt Jessica , Leal Arthur , Hurt Angela
Published: December 2020

Extension agents are a valuable source of information within their communities throughout the world. Tasked with sharing research-based information from the universities and serving as the land-grant university within their communities, agents are the face and voice of the university on daily basis. However, this research sought to determine how confident new agents in Georgia were in their ability to effectively communicate within their communities before and after attending a communication workshop. Using a retrospective pre- and post-test survey, the results indicated the agents were most confident in their abilities create high-quality promotional videos and write Public Service Announcements for radio after the training. The results indicated agents were least confident in their abilities to utilize the Extension data base and write effectively. Overall, the results indicated in increase in agents’ perceived ability to effectively communicate in their communities after attending the training. Additionally, the results provide direction for future training and workshops to better prepare agents to effectively communicate information from land-grant universities to their communities and the world. Keywords: communication training; research-based communication; Extension agent workshop; Extension communication
A Comparative Analysis of High and Low Performing Schools in Agriculture in Eswatini
Authors: Tsikati Alfred , Motsa Sanele
Published: December 2020

Analysis of the school performance in external Agriculture examination showed that there were schools that consistently performed well and those constantly performing poorly in Eswatini. Unfortunately, there is no study that has sought to analyze the characteristics of the high performing and low performing schools in agriculture in Eswatini. Thus, the purpose of the study was to analyze the high and low performing schools in Agriculture in Eswatini. A comparative analysis targeting 27 schools: 15 high performing and 12 low performing schools was conducted. All the 38 teachers and 26 teachers from high and low performing schools respectively, participated in this study. A questionnaire was used in data collection. Three experts from the Department of Agricultural Education and Extension at University of Eswatini and two agriculture teachers validated the questionnaire. Thirty agriculture teachers who were not involved in the study were used in pilot testing to establish inter-item reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha and the reliability coefficient was .82. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that high performing schools possessed the following features over low performing schools: motivation of learners to excel in academic work, practice farming in school garden, student making consultations with teachers, provision of extra lessons for students, monitoring class attendance and absenteeism, and teachers attending classes regularly. Also, the Ministry of Education and Training, headteachers, agriculture teachers and parents were more involved in high performing schools than in low performing schools. Therefore, the study recommended that special attention should be made to assist all stakeholders in low performing schools improve the academic performance.

Keywords: academic performance; agriculture; comparative analysis; low performing school; high performing school
Students’ Perceived Barriers, Benefits & International Programmatic Preferences
Authors: Caillouet Olivia , Wood Lisa
Published: December 2020

Study abroad experiences can change college students by contributing to their development of self-awareness, communication skills, and ability to navigate the unknown. The objective of this study was to determine students’ perceived barriers, benefits, and preferences for international programs (IP). Undergraduate students in large-enrollment, required courses by major, and all freshman orientation undergraduate courses in Bumpers College were targeted and all grade classifications were represented (n = 672). Based on a five-point Likert-type scale (1 = completely disagree to 5 = completely agree), students reported “cost is too high” (M = 3.93, SD = 1.00) and being “too busy with school” (M = 3.54, SD = 1.10) as the barriers keeping them from participating in an IP. Using the same Likert-scale, students reported “socially/culturally learn more about a host country” (M = 4.61, SD = 0.67) and “life-changing opportunity” (M = 4.60, SD = 0.66) as the most influencing benefits. Students were most interested in short-term, faculty-led programs (n = 234, 27.2%) with a length of two to three weeks (n = 224, 30.7%) during summer session I (n = 307, 39.4%). Students reported they would like to learn more information about future IPs through email (n = 278, 34.8%), classroom visits (n = 111, 13.9%), and their academic advisors (n = 108, 13.5%). Assessing student’s barriers, benefits, and preferences for IPs will guide Bumpers College program development. It is important to focus IP efforts on students’ needs and interests, while also providing meaningful, engaged learning in all environments. Keywords: agricultural education; barriers and benefits; international programs; study abroad
Barriers to Urban Food Production: Perspectives of Urban Food Producers
Authors: Kopiyawattage Kumudu , Warner Laura , Roberts Grady
Published: December 2020

Locally grown food systems in urban areas is globally important for numerous reasons such as food security, nutrition, financial well-being, and solutions to the many complex issues observed in areas with increasing populations. An understanding of the barriers to urban food production is needed because, if not addressed properly, they may lead to severe threats in urban communities such as food insecurity and poverty. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the barriers associated with urban food production. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. to collect data. Rules and regulations from city ordinances were perceived as the greatest barrier to urban food production. Negative perception towards farming, lack of marketing options, and resource scarcity were also identified as strong barriers to urban food production. Revisiting city ordinances, creating more market options for urban food producers, and directing programs, networks, organizations, and responsible people towards urban farming are recommended to eliminate barriers to urban food production. International agricultural and extension educators may consult the barriers identified in this study and use the findings as a starting point from which to support urban food production. Keywords: urban extension; urban food production; food production barriers
Effects of 3D electric field on saltation during dust storms: an observational and numerical study
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhou You-He
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Particle triboelectric charging, being ubiquitous in nature and
industry, potentially plays a key role in dust events, including the lifting and transport of sand and dust particles. However, the properties of the electric field (E field) and its influences on saltation during dust storms remain obscure as the high complexity of dust storms and the existing numerical studies are mainly limited to the 1D E field. Here, we quantify the effects of the real 3D E field on saltation during dust storms through a combination of field observations and numerical modelling. The 3D E fields in the sub-metre layer from 0.05 to 0.7 m above the ground during a dust storm are measured at the Qingtu Lake Observation Array site. The time-varying means of the E field series over a certain timescale are extracted by the discrete wavelet transform and ensemble empirical mode decomposition methods. The measured results show that each component of the 3D E field data roughly collapses on a single third-order polynomial curve when normalized. Such 3D E field data within a few centimetres of the ground have never been reported and formulated before. Using the discrete element method, we then develop a comprehensive saltation model in which the triboelectric charging between particle–particle midair collisions is explicitly accounted for, allowing us to evaluate the triboelectric charging in saltation during dust storms properly. By combining the results of measurements and modelling, we find that, although the vertical component of the E field (i.e. 1D E field) inhibits sand transport, the 3D E field enhances sand transport substantially. Furthermore, the model predicts that the 3D E field enhances the total mass flux and saltation height by up to 20 % and 15 %, respectively. This suggests that a 3D E field consideration is necessary if one is to explain precisely how the E field affects saltation during dust storms. These results further improve our understanding of particle triboelectric charging in saltation and help to provide more accurate characterizations of sand and dust transport during dust storms.
Multi-year CO2 budgets in South African semi-arid Karoo ecosystems
under different grazing intensities
Authors: Rybchak Oksana , du Toit Justin , Delorme Jean-Pierre , Jüdt Jens-Kristian , Mukwashi Kanisios , Thau Christian , Feig Gregor , Bieri Mari , Brümmer Christian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Climatic and land management factors, such as water availability and grazing intensity, play an important role in seasonal and annual variability of the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CO2 in semi-arid ecosystems. However, the semi-arid South African ecosystems have been poorly studied. Four years of measurements (November 2015–October 2019) were collected and analysed from two eddy covariance towers near Middelburg in the Karoo, Eastern Cape, South Africa. We studied the impact of grazing intensity on the CO2 exchange by comparing seasonal and interannual CO2 fluxes for two sites with almost identical climatic conditions but different intensity of current and historical livestock grazing. The first site represents lenient grazing (LG) and the vegetation comprises a diverse balance of dwarf shrubs and grasses, while the second site has been degraded through heavy grazing (HG) in the past but then rested for the past 10 years and mainly consists of unpalatable grasses and ephemeral species. Over the observation period, we found that the LG site was a considerable carbon source (82.11 g C m−2), while the HG site was a slight carbon sink (−36.43 g C m−2). The annual carbon budgets ranged from −90 ± 51 g C m−2 yr−1 to 84 ± 43 g C m−2 yr−1 for the LG site and from −92 ± 66 g C m−2 yr−1 to 59 ± 46 g C m−2 yr−1 for the heavily grazed site over the four years of eddy covariance measurements. The significant variation in carbon sequestration rates between the last two years of measurement was explained by water availability (25 % of the precipitation deficit in 2019 compared to the long-term mean precipitation). This indicates that studied ecosystems can quickly switch from a considerable carbon sink to a considerable carbon source ecosystem. Our study shows that the CO2 dynamics in the Karoo are largely driven by water availability and the current and historical effects of livestock grazing intensity on aboveground biomass (AGB). The higher carbon uptake at the HG site indicates that resting period after overgrazing, together with the transition to unpalatable drought-tolerant grass species, creates conditions that are favourable for carbon sequestration in the Karoo ecosystems, but unproductive as Dorper sheep pasture. Furthermore, we observed a slight decrease in carbon uptake peaks at the HG site in response to resuming continuous grazing (July 2017).
Seismological assessment of human activity levels
during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Jeongin , Hong Tae-Kyung
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The COVID-19 virus has a high infection rate, spreading fast in the world. Lockdown and stay-at-home actions have been taken in many countries to reduce the rate of the virus spreading. The daytime ambient seismic noises in 11 major cities of 7 countries are assessed. Daytime seismic noises in 10 am to 6 pm at frequencies ≥ 2 Hz are assessed. The seismic noise levels are compared with the community mobility data that represent the human activities. The high-frequency seismic noise levels present high correlation with the human activities. The human activities decrease with the number of daily confirmed cases. The peak noise-level reductions in lockdown periods were as high as 42–96 %. The noise levels generally started to decrease since the days when the daily confirmed cases reached ~500. The noise level variation presents the lockdown progress. The noise level recovers with time since the end of lockdown. The high correlation between seismic noise level and community mobility suggests possible utilization of seismic noises for anonymous monitoring of human activities.
25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Authors: St. John Merrill Thomas
Published: December 2020

25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Nursing Students’ Awareness of Electromagnetic Pollution and Affecting Factors
Authors: Küçük Yüceyurt Nil , Kaya Hülya
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Electromagnetic pollution results from an electric and magnetic field being over the limit of the area formed by the component waves and has negative impacts on the environment and human health. It is important for social and individual health that nursing students, who will provide healthcare in the future, be aware of electromagnetic pollution. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted with 906 nursing students who volunteered to participate. The study aimed to determine nursing students’ awareness of electromagnetic pollution and related factors. An information form and the Electromagnetic Pollution Awareness Scale were used as data collection tools. The scale consists of subdimensions concerning electromagnetic pollution and ecosystem, electromagnetic pollution perception, effects of electromagnetic pollution on health, and electromagnetic pollution awareness. In the evaluation of the data obtained by using the SPSS 21.00 package program, descriptive statistical methods (average, standard deviation, frequency and percentage distributions) and parametric and nonparametric tests were used. RESULTS: The majority of students were women, and more than half lived in an apartment. Of the students, 71.3% stated they had knowledge about electromagnetic pollution. The majority of the respondents thought that the responsibility for electromagnetic pollution belonged to individuals. Of the students, 98.8% stated that they used mobile phones/computers, but 90% of them did not pay attention to SAR values. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The students’ awareness about electromagnetic pollution was found to be good but developable. In line with the results, it is recommended that studies be conducted aimed at improving nursing students’ awareness about electromagnetic pollution.
COVID-19 Pandemic Management Experiences of a Pediatric Clinic: Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatrics and Surgery Training Research Hospital Infectious Diseases Clinic Example
Authors: Karaoğlan Nalan , Çatıkoğlu Aslı , Devrim İlker
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection that occurs with a wide range of symptoms. The best way to prevent and slow down infection is based on the assumption that we know the characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the disease it causes, and the way it spreads. This review has been prepared by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of the Behçet Uz Children’s Education and Research Hospital in order to share the preparations and strategies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus together with other hospitals. What has been prepared in the clinic (physical arrangements, disinfection, regulations for the protection of employees from occupational infections, regulations for patients and companions) is explained under subheadings. The COVID-19 epidemic, which has affected the entire world and caused many people to die, requires the establishment of many new regulations in health services, including new ones to existing patient safety and infection control measures. The treatment and care for children and their families continued without interruption, with various arrangements made in the clinic in cooperation with the team, based on the guidelines updated frequently by the Ministry of Health, international literature, and experiences. Nurses who managed to communicate with children by wearing clothes that looked “like robots” (in the words of the children) used their existing knowledge and equipment in this process and gained new knowledge. It is thought that this review will be useful in guiding future developments of new information emerging during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Atlantoaxoid subluxation by suboccipital Pott's disease: Arthrodesis using the Harms technique. About a case and review of the literature
Authors: Faye Mohameth , Fatoumata Barry Louncaony , Diop Abdoulaye , Cheikh Ndiaye Sy Elhadj , Cisse Yakhya , Boubakar Badiane Seydou
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The suboccipital location of Pott′s disease is exceptional, and may be complicated by compression of the bulbomedullary junction.

Case Report: We report the case of a young patient of 32 years of age, received in a table of spastic tetraplegia preceded by cervicalgia without associated sensory or sphincter disorders. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervico-occipital hinge showed C1-C2 subluxation with osteolysis of the C1 arches, bone sequestration, and anterior compression of the bulbomedullary junction, requiring arthrodesis using the Harms technique. Diagnostic confirmation was obtained by pathological examination of bone fragments and epidural tissue removed per operation. Tuberculosis chemotherapy was started for 16 months. Progression was favorable with motor recovery allowing unaided walking.

Conclusion: The surgical indication of these all tuberculosis localizations depends on the presence of bulbomedullary compression and/or cervico-occipital hinge instability.
JUDEUS, CATÓLICOS E PROTESTANTES NA TERRA DO AÇUCAR: AFINIDADES E DIVERGÊNCIAS
Authors: Da Silva Elizete
Published: December 2020

A Igreja Católica era hegemônica no período colonial, porém outras confissões religiosas também constituíam o campo religioso, a exemplo do Judaísmo, o Protestantismo, as Religiões Xamânicas Indígenas e as Religiões de Matrizes Africanas, condenadas como heresias, feitiçarias, passíveis de perseguição pela Inquisição. A Igreja Católica era o inimigo comum de judeus e protestantes, os quais mantinham afinidades e redes de sociabilidade, que contemplavam negócios e a leitura de textos sagrados. Com a dominação holandesa no Nordeste, especialmente no período de Nassau, houve uma certa tolerância religiosa, vigiada pelos clérigos calvinistas, ciosos de suas doutrinas
A POLÊMICA DA SACRALIZAÇÃO DE ANIMAIS NOS TERREIROS AFRO-BRASILEIROS E OS PERCURSOS DA LAICIDADE NO BRASIL
Authors: Leistner Rodrigo Marques , De Aguiar Alexsandro Teixeira
Published: December 2020

O trabalho analisa as lógicas de presença das religiões afro-brasileiras na esfera pública do país, avaliando-se algumas características da laicidade no Brasil, observando tais realidades a partir de um caso emblemático: a polêmica da sacralização de animais em rituais religiosos de matriz africana. Tal polêmica se desenvolve desde o ano de 2003, quando um Projeto de Lei estadual visou proibir as práticas de imolação em rituais religiosos no Rio Grande do Sul. Desde então, o embate adquiriu dimensão nacional, sendo diversas as contendas jurídicas ativadas em torno do tema. Nesse contexto, não apenas atores religiosos ligados ao campo dos terreiros afro-brasileiros saíram em defesa de suas práticas, mas ainda agentes pertencentes a diferentes segmentos sociais contrários àqueles rituais mobilizaram-se no intuito de coibi-los. É justamente com intuito de compreender o modo como este conflito se organizou a partir de um amplo debate no espaço público do país que esta análise se constitui. Em linhas gerais, trata-se de avaliar o modo como o Estado brasileiro mediou a contenda, perspectiva que se apresenta como ponto de vista interessante para percepções sobre as características da laicidade brasileira, não apenas em seus sentidos contemporâneos, mas sobretudo no que se refere à historicidade das negociações públicas estabelecidas sobre as formas religiosas mais periféricas da sociedade brasileira.
The development of the radicular and vegetative systems of almond trees with different rootstocks following the application of biostimulants
Authors: Mondragón-Valero Alba , Malheiro Ricardo , Salazar Domingo M. , Martínez-Tomé Juan , Pereira José A. , López-Cortés Isabel
Published: December 2020

Aim of study: Recently, the development of almond crops on a global scale has increased their area under cultivation. The demand for both plants and products that stimulate the growth of almond trees has therefore become increasingly necessary. Accordingly, in this project we have studied the response in the vegetative and root systems of almond trees with different rootstocks to varying inputs of several root stimulants.Area of study: Valencia (Spain)Material and methods: Several different organic biostimulants were studied in isolation, i.e. not combined with synthetic chemical fertilizers, in order to ascertain if chemical fertilizers could be at least partially replaced.Main results: Good results were obtained by applying a biostimulant composed of organic matter rich in saccharides and carboxylates. Using an approach that enabled a distinguishing between them, plant radicular systems were shown to respond differently according to the biostimulant applied and the rootstock tested. The best results were obtained with a biostimulant composed of organic matter from corn hydrolysis and containing free amino acids and extracts from algae, as well as 0.07% zeaxanthins.Research highlights: Although biostimulants are promoters of young almond tree growth, they should be applied to only partially replace chemical fertilizers. The present paper shows the importance of using an organic-origin biostimulant, as a complement to chemical nutrition.
Risk of Fetal Loss after Amniocentesis in Twins Comparing with Singleton Pregnancy
Authors: Masihi Sara , Shahbazian Nahid , Barati Mojgan , Hashemi Minoo
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Amniocentesis is one of the most widely used diagnostic interventions but despite its many advantages, it has side effects such as fetal loss. The importance of fetal loss after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies is very important and some researchers believe that in twin pregnancies, the risk of fetal loss after amniocentesis is higher than singleton. Therefore, the present study examined the rate of fetal loss after amniocentesis in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies.

Methods: This prospective descriptive-analytical study was performed on 712 mothers with singleton (628 cases) and twin (84 cases) pregnancies who referred to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz with Amniocentesis due to several reason during 2016-2020. A questionnaire containing information such as age, gestational age, number of pregnancies, childbirth and abortion, the cause of the diagnostic test, quarterly screening and NT ultrasound, and the result of amniocentesis were completed for patients. Patients were followed up during the first week, two weeks, and 60 days after amniocentesis, and finally data were analyzed by SPSS version24.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.96 ± 6.33 years and the mean gestational age at amniocentesis for all patients was 15.37 ± 0.7. The mean NT in patients in the two groups did not differ significantly (1.60±0.44 vs 1.54±4.64, p=0.56). the prevalence of preterm in twin mothers was 13.1% and, in the singleton was 1.75% (p = 0.01). The occurrence of fetal loss was 2.4% in the twin group and 2.07% in the singleton group which was not statistically significant (p = 0.56). in the twin group, one (50%) fetal loss occurred in the first week and another one (50%) occurred between 15 and 60 days. But in the singleton group, 7 cases (63.6%) in the first week, 1 case (9%) in 15 to 60 days, and 3 cases (27.3) after more than 60 days lost the fetus. Previous pregnancy records in twins showed that the mean Gravid (p = 0.01), Parity (p = 0.01) and Living child (p = 0.02) in preterm twins' patients were statistically significantly lower than in the term patients.

Conclusion: Our findings show that fetal loss following amniocentesis in twin pregnancies does not increase significantly compared to singleton pregnancies. However, our findings require repeated study in bigger sample size and as multi-centered as possible then It can be generalized to wider communities.
Assessment of the Consistency of Tetabulin Injection to the Patients with an Open Fracture Referred to the Khatamolanbia Hospital, Zahedan in 2017 with the National Guidelines
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad , Dashipour Alireza , Masood Mahtab
Published: December 2020

Background and Goal: Open fractures are at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani and severe traumatic infections. Tetabulin injection is strongly recommended for the patients with an open fracture and severe wounds. The goal of this study is to assess the consistency of tetabulin injection to the patients with an open fracture referred to the Khatamolanbia hospital in Zahedan in 2017 with the national guidelines.

Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 300 patients with an open fracture referred to the ER of the Khatamolanbia Hospital in Zahedan in 2017 were selected as the sample. Their fracture type and severity were assessed. The data were classified in the tables and statistically analyzed using Chi-square, pared t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression in SPSS 26.

Findings: Among 300 patients, 275 patients (91.7%) were male and 25 patients (8.3%) were female. The most frequent age range was 20 to 30 years old (31.7%), and the least frequent ones were 5 to 10 years old (10%) and more than 50 years old (11.6%). The results showed that gender has no significant effect on the predictability of the need of tetabulin injection for the patients with open fractures (P=0.780). However, age has a significant positive effect on the predictability of the need of tetabulin injection for the patients with open fractures; as the age increases, the need for tetabulin injection also increases, and it must be injected in the 50 years and older patients (P=0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that age was effective on the decrease of the serum level of anti-tetanus antibody, however, gender had no significant effect on it. Therefore, it is concluded that tetabulin injection for open fractures is consistent with the national guideline.
The Curative Effect of a Second Curettage in Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Azar , Najafian Mahin , Lalvand Kosar
Published: December 2020

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), despite its widespread metastases, is a very common cancer in women that is curable. Although the GTN cases show a good response to chemotherapy, in an effort to reduce toxic drug exposure, the second curettage has been suggested for some patients. In the current study, we have aimed to compare the benefits of the second curettage in comparison with single-agent chemotherapy for low-risk GTN patients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out on GTN patients admitted to the gynecology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz. The demographic profile of all participants was extracted. Patients' hospitalization records were also extracted from the files. Patients with an endometrial thickness above 10 mm were treated with re-curettage. The β hCG clearance time was estimated by the Kaplan Meier plot.

Results: In the present study, 148 patients with low-risk GTN stage 1 were studied. The time required for β-hCG clearance in patients undergoing re-curettage was significantly lower than the chemotherapy receiving group (7 months vs. 10 months, p <0.0001). More than 50% of patients treated by re- curettage without needing chemotherapy. Moreover, the other 50% cases needed chemotherapy the number of courses was significantly lower than those received single-agent chemotherapy alone (p <0.0001). The baseline β-hCG levels were significantly lower in those who did not need chemotherapy (p = 0.012). β-hCG resolution occurred more rapidly in patients undergoing re-curettage alone, while, those who received only chemotherapy had a longer duration for β-hCG clearance.

Conclusion: In general, the findings of this study showed that re-curettage could be used effectively in the treatment of GTN following molar pregnancy. This treatment reduces or eliminates the need for chemotherapy. Our findings also showed that the initial level of β-hCG could be considered as a predictive factor in response to curettage.
Tropics to Talk
About: Witkacy and Oswald de Andrade
Authors: Carla de Miranda Pita Andrea
Published: December 2020

This paper concentrates on Witkacy’s Pure Form and the concept of Anthropophagy
that was coined by Oswald de Andrade, and their affi nity with the notions of utopia and tropicality.
Tropicality is detected in the form of the imaginary construction of Witkacy regarding the South Sea
Islands on the one hand, and on the other in the utopic island of Vera Cruz, reinvented by Oswald
de Andrade in his mature years. The seamen of the old world fi rst conceptualised Vera Cruz in this
way in legends that alluded to the lost paradise and following this trace Oswald dreamt it could
be a future paradise. Both Witkacy and de Andrade, beyond being artists, were thinkers of their
specifi c cultures and had their theories regarding the future of mankind.
Bruno Schulz – Hidden and Obvious – in Yuri Andrukhovych’s Texts (on the example of the poetic Cinnamon project)
Authors: Meniok Wiera
Published: December 2020

The article investigates connections between the poetic prose of Bruno Schulz and the poetic Cinnamon cycle of Yuri Andrukhovych, a contemporary writer and poet, implemented by the au-thor in 2008–2011 as a musical and poetical project in conjunction with the musical „Karbido” band (Wroclaw). It is a lyrical and epic cycle consisting of ten parts: two essays from the book, My Europe (2001, co-authored with Andrzej Stasiuk) and selected poems from Andrukhovych’s poetic collection, Exotic Birds and Plants (translated into Polish by Jacek Podsiadło, 2007). The cycle has a secondary origin: it is a poetic integrity that arose as a result of the intentionally outlined-by--the-poet search for those texts (written before) in his own oeuvre, which built a new, regenerated integrity Bruno Schulz became a pretext and foundation for. Schulz is not present in the cycle directly, obviously – he is hidden there, metonymic and signifi ed by Andrukhovych (according to the termi-nology of Roland Barthes where the signifi ed is secret, deep and needs to be searched). By creating Cinnamon, Andrukhovych is reborn from the author-creator to the author-reader/author-interpreter so the original author’s intention-birth becomes an intention-search which is also used by the author of the given article while reading Schulz’s poetic codes encrypted in the texts of the cycle.
Refleksjoner om menighets- pedagogikk ved et jubileum
Authors: Pettersen Erling
Published: December 2020

IKO startet i 1945 i beskjedne kår som et Kristelig Pedagogisk Kontor med vekt på de fagligpedagogiske oppgavene. Instituttets grunnlegger Bjarne Hareide, som var instituttstyrer fram til 1971, knyttet til seg en vitenskapelig skolert gruppe som preget de første tiårene. Tidsskriftet Prismet ble et viktig talerør for den religionspedagogiske utviklingen. Fra starten av var skolen og hjemmet i sentrum, etter hvert ble den menighetspedagogiske utvikling sentral, med satsingen på dåpsopplæringen. Under 50-årsjubileet i 1995 valgte IKO Røtter til liv som motto. Jeg arbeidet da som instituttstyrer, og hadde fulgt utviklingen på det kirkelig-pedagogiske felt i ulike roller: som konfirmasjonskonsulent i Kirkerådet fra 1979 med ansvar for innføring av Plan for konfirmasjonstiden (PKT), som prest i en femårsperiode fra 1985 i Brasil, der jeg var med i kirkens kateketikk-utvalg, og deretter som instituttstyrer i en periode til 1996 med sterkt engasjement i Det Lutherske Verdensforbund (LVF).I denne artikkelen belyser jeg noen trekk ved utviklingen av norsk menighetspedagogikk. Det har ved de tidligere jubileer vært skrevet mye om de første 50 år, og det med god grunn. Jeg har valgt å fokusere på den siste del av historien, og trekker fram aspekter som i liten grad har vært belyst. Aktørperspektivet vil prege valg av tema, særlig fordi møtet med den latin-amerikanske religionspedagogikk i så stor grad har preget mitt faglige engasjement (Pettersen 2007).
Possibility of Complexation of the Calix[4]Arene Molecule with the Polluting Gases: DFT and NCI-RDG Theory
Authors: Gassoumi Bouzid , Ezzahra Ben Mohamed Fatma , Ghalla Houcine , Ben Chaabane Rafik
Published: December 2020

The calix[4]arenes (abbreviated as CX[4]) are characterized by a specific hydrophobic cavity formed by a four cyclically phenol groups to encapsulate a gas or small molecules. Recently, the CX[4] molecule is used in a specific media and in pharmaceutical drug delivery. The pollution problem will be a vital subject in the future because the increase of the explosions of the gaseous pollutants in the environment. In this report, we have encapsulated the polluting gases NO3, NO2, CO2 and N2 by the calix[4]arene molecule. In this work, The binding energies of the CX[4]-gas has been calculated including the BSSE (Basis Set Superposition Error) counterpoise (CP). The red-shift of the O-H bonding interactions obtained by adding the gas in the sensitive area of calix[4]arene is clearly explained by the infrared spectrum analysis. The Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the stable CX[4]-gas complexes have been investigated in the endo-vs. exo-cavity regions. Finally, the non-covalent interactions analyses of the stable host-guests complexes have been estimated by using DFT calculations.
The Metaphysics of Logic-Based Therapy
Authors: Cohen Elliot D. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This article examines four key metaphysical assumptions of LBT regarding human emotions, human fallibility, reality, and human freedom. By way of examining these assumptions it shows how the theory of LBT systematically integrates philosophy and logic into a cognitive-behavioral approach to philosophical practice.
A Philosophical Mode of Life
Authors: Sotak Max H. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This article presents Pierre Hadot’s treatment of a philosophical mode of life as it originated in ancient philosophy and fared down through the centuries. Hadot contends that philosophical discourse begins with a choice of life—an existential option from which philosophical discourse arises. The concept of philosophy as a purely theoretical attitude developed after the ancient period and reflects the domestication of philosophy within the context of the medieval and modern universities. The ancient schools of philosophy were concerned with a way of life that demanded the conversion of one’s being, a change of life­style, and a specific view of the world. Philosophical discourse, on this view, was designed to reveal, justify, and represent the existential option to the world.
Applying Logic-Based Therapy to A Student’s Stress from Parents over Grades
Authors: Boone Austin ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Utilizing the six-step philosophical practice method of Logic-Based Therapy, this paper analyses and discusses the faulty thinking of a student who feels unworthy because of her parent’s criticisms of her grades. It was written as part of a student mentorship program offered at Indian River State College wherein students coach other students about problems related to their academic life.
Either/Or: The Therapeutic Disciplines versus Philosophy and Religion
Authors: Amir Lydia ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

I trace Shlomit Schuster’s main ideas about the practice of philosophy, and fol­low with a critical characterization of her thought which bears on philosophy’s relation to psychology and psychiatry, on the one hand, and to religion, on the other, as well as on her basis of claiming philosophy’s suitability for non-philosophers. I argue that Shlomit could be unnecessarily uncompromising in implementing her either/or yet not sufficiently discerning of philosophy’s difference with religion. The most conspicuous tenet of Shlomit’s thought – the relation between philosophy and the therapeutic disciplines – has been abundantly debated within the practical philosophy movement. As far as I know, the tacit assumption of her thought regarding the relation of religion with philosophy and its prac­tice, in contradistinction, has not been addressed within this movement. Shlomit’s life and death urges us to tackle this delicate yet significant subject.
An Unwritten Philosophical Autobiography
Authors: Gruengard Ora ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Shlomit Schuster’s article on the Greek Orthodox ascetic practices and the con­soling meaning that such an “ascent” in “Jacob’s ladder” may have for the mourning and dying, throws light not only on Shlomit’s confrontation with death but also on her conception of philosophical life and philosophical autobiography. Some connections between that conception and Shlomit’s life and philosophical practices are examined.
Léger Félicité Sonthonax en A Coruña: affaire monetario y conflicto diplomático franco-español (1797-1798) = Léger Félicité Sonthonax in Corunna: Monetary Affaire and Spanish-French Diplomatic Conflict (1797-98)
Authors: Cebreiro Ares Francisco
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación detalla las vicisitudes de la comisión de la Asamblea Francesa encabezada por L.F. Sonthonax que fue detenida por la acusación de distribución de moneda falsa en el puerto gallego de A Coruña en 1797, cuando se encontraba en el viaje de retorno a Francia desde la isla de Santo Domingo. El estudio de este caso nos permite conocer los detalles de la sociabilidad urbana en torno a la moneda falsa, los mecanismos de control y ejecución de la monarquía ante tales delitos, y las formas de actuación ante un conflicto diplomático en un periodo sensible de las relaciones franco-españolas, así como algunos aspectos de la personalidad de los individuos involucrados.Abstract The aim of this research is to clarify the circumstances around the French Commission of Santo Domingo leaded by L. F. Sonthonax and arrested in the port city of Corunna (Spain) between 1797 and 1798. This case study provides information on many historical issues as urban sociability around counterfeit money, the Spanish Crown mechanisms of control, the problem-solving dynamics on Spanish-French diplomatic relations, and the character of some prominent individuals involved.
La Inquisición en España en textos de viajeros alemanes del siglo XVIII = The Spanish Inquisition According to Several Texts by German Travellers of the 18th Century
Authors: Friederich-Stegmann Hiltrud
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se aborda el rastro de la Inquisición española en varios textos de viajeros alemanes del siglo XVIII. A pesar de haber sido casi ignorado por la historiografía alemana sobre el Santo Oficio, en estos libros de viajes se puede encontrar numerosas referencias que recogen no solo evidencias sobre distintos casos, sino que aportan también información sobre la mirada desde la que dichos viajeros contemplaron la actuación de un Tribunal que se aproximaba a su fin. A los asuntos tratados, que incluyen uno de los más celebres de entonces, el procesamiento de Pablo de Olavide, se añade como anexo una lista de 38 alemanes y suizos procesados por el Santo Oficio en el siglo XVIII.AbstractThis article is about the Spanish Inquisition as it was regarded in several texts by German travellers during the 18th century. Although they were all but ignored in German studies about the Holy Office, these books contain numerous references not only to the various cases involved, but also about how the travellers assessed the workings of the Trinbunal as it was nearing its end. Apart from the various cases cited, including the trial of Pablo de Olavide, which was one of the most famous of that time, we include also a list of 38 German and Swiss citizens indicted by the Holy Office in the 18th century.