bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐62: An Integrated Back‐end System Design for Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Chi‐Ming Lu , Yun‐Chih Chen , Ming‐Chi Weng , Hung‐Hsiang Chen , Wen‐Tse Tseng , Chuern‐Ru Lee
Published: July 2011

The active matrix electrophoretic display (AMEPD) has been commonly used for the applications of smart hand‐held reading devices such as E‐books and E‐news. However, due to facing other competitors in this market, the hardware cost of the back‐end system and panels are necessary to reduce. This paper presents an integrated back‐end system design for AMEPDs. A controller IC which integrates T‐CON and CPU functions has been developed. It also has the function of the 16 multi‐pipeline update design. The new controller IC makes lower total system hardware cost, better ability of lower power states, high flexibility in panel resolution, signal timing of source/gate drivers and Vcom. It has significantly expanded system integration and functionality features. In addition, the integrated power IC which supports output voltages of source/gate drivers and Vcom is proposed. Therefore, the hardware cost of the power system is much lower.

The implementation of the new controller and power ICs is verified by the 6″ AMEPD panel produced by Chunghwa Picture Tubes, LTD (CPT). It is in use with the single‐chip structure which integrates the functions of source and gate drivers. The resolution can achieve 800 × 600 (167dpi). Depending on our integrated AMEPD back‐end system, the testing results of our 6″ AMEPD panel performance can reach 48% reflectance, 16 gray level and 8:1 contrast ratio.
P‐63: New Power Management Technology for Large AMOLED Displays
Authors: Kim Jin Woo , Shin Byung Hyuk , Choe Won Jun , Kim Byung Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

There is growing interest in large AMOLED displays, but for proper operation and avoidance of display artifacts, large AMOLEDs have unique power requirements that extend beyond current generation displays. This paper presents a new small form factor single package multi‐output digital and analog power management IC that has been developed for large size AMOLED panel applications. Guidance is provided for optimization and desensitization of power sources for large AMOLED panels.
P‐68: Development of Dye‐Containing Hybrid Color PR for LCD Color Filter
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kwon Jiyun , Lee Injae , Jung Juho , Hyung Kyunghee , Baek Taek‐Jin , Jeong Eui June , Cho Sangwon , Kim Nam Gwang , Choi Seyoung , Yang Seungwon , Han Gyuseok , Chang Tu‐Won
Published: July 2011

A group of dye‐containing hybrid color PR was developed and it showed higher brightness and contrast ratio than conventional pigment‐typed color PR. Reliability in terms of thermal, light, and chemical resistances of the hybrid color PR was comparable to that of pigment‐typed color PR. And, patterning property was also as feasible as that of pigment‐type color PR.
P‐69: Solution‐based Low‐cost Process using Contact Printing for the Fabrication of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Tae Hyun , Park Young Wook , Choi Jin Hwan , Choi Hyun Ju , Jeong Jin‐Wook , Song Eun Ho , Ju Byeong Kwon , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2011

Solution processes are restricted by variety of materials and formation of multiple layers since the problem of mixing interlayer. Solution‐based processes using contact printing were utilized for the layer stacking of multilayered OLEDs that show enhanced performance than the spin‐coating process
P‐72: Cost Effective Multi‐domain Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display using Ink‐jet Printed Protrusions
Authors: Park Sun Woo , Yun Hong Jun , Oh Sang Hoon , Lim Se Hyun , Gim Hye Young , Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2011

A multi‐domain vertical alignment device using a new method for forming protrusions is proposed. In the device, the photo‐sensitive ink was printed with line shape forming protrusions on the substrates. Then the cell was assembled with crossed‐line shaped protrusions on top and bottom substrates. Owing to symmetrically positioned protrusions, the vertically aligned LCs form multi‐domain in on state and with the help of surface polymer‐stabilization technique, the response time is greatly improved. Consequently, the proposed device using protrusion by any printing method shows excellent performance such as wide‐viewing‐angle and fast response time without conventional photolithography process.
P‐73: Development of Ga‐doped ZnO Transparent Electrodes as Alternatives for ITO Electrodes in Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Makino Hisao , Sato Yasushi , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: July 2011

The world's first 20‐inch LCD‐TVs with Ga‐doped ZnO (GZO) transparent electrodes on the RGB color filters as an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were successfully fabricated. A wet chemical etching technology suitable for patterning GZO fine lines (line/space: 2/2 μm) was concurrently developed for the fabrication of transparent electrodes on TFT pixel arrays in LCD panels
P‐74: Synthesis and Characterizations of High‐Photosensitive Monomers for Black Matrix in Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Choi Jungsik , Lee Changmin , Lee Kilsung , Park Jinwoo , Ahn Kyungwon , Woo Jiwon , Han Gyuseok , Chang Tuwon
Published: July 2011

Black matrix in liquid crystal displays plays important parts such as blocking the light leakage and enhancing the contrast ratio among the RGB pixels. In this paper, the authors describe new multi‐functional monomers that may be used in black matrix to enhance the sensitivity of photo‐resist.
P‐77: CONWIP for Order Release and WIP Control in Color Filter Fabs
Authors: Chen James C. , Huang PoTsang B. , Peng Hui‐Yu , Hung Ming‐Chien , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Peng Tzu‐Wei , Wei Yu‐Yao , Feng Chao‐Hsuan
Published: July 2011

A Constant Work‐in‐Process (CONWIP) approach for color filter fabs was proposed to control order release and WIP level. An AutoMod simulation model was developed based on real fabs and used to evaluate CONWIP's performance. Results indicated that CONWIP can increase throughput and decrease cycle time and WIP.
P‐78: Measurement Methods for Solution‐Coated AMOLED Display Uniformity
Authors: Ziebarth Jonathan , Andreatta Alejandro , Chesterfield Reid , Frischknecht Kyle , Johnson Andrew , Stainer Matthew
Published: July 2011

DuPont Displays has developed a full set of high performance materials and solution processing technology to address the high cost of manufacturing AMOLEDs. Using a wide variety of custom modeling and analytical approaches we have developed short and long range film thickness control and uniformity which is commercially viable at large glass sizes. In this paper we describe some of the measurement methods we developed, and results measured.
12.3: Ruggedized Color AMLCD and LED Backlight Illumination for Night Vision Applications
Authors: Phipps Benjamin , Gaudette Claude , Young Scott
Published: July 2011

A series of near IR absorbing polymeric filters have been designed that meet the requirements for NVIS compliance defined by MIL‐STD‐3009 and the recommended black screen requirements set forth by the US Navy. This paper will discuss the limitations of the mil spec when night vision performance is evaluated in the laboratory and not in application. This report addresses and quantifies the luminance, color rendering, and NVIS performance of 3 ruggedized displays currently being flown on aerospace platforms with four different NVIS filters.
3.4: Sizing Multi‐electrodes in an LCL‐lens for Minimizing the Crosstalk in a 3D Auto‐stereoscopic Display
Authors: Kao Yung‐Yuan , Chao Paul C. ‐P.
Published: July 2011

A liquid‐crystal‐lenticular‐lens LCL‐lens with multi‐electrodes is proposed to realize an auto‐stereoscopic 3Ddisplay. The focusing ability provided by this LCL‐lens can be achieved based on non‐uniformpotential across the LC‐layer, which mimics the effects of GRIN‐lens. Moreover, the crosstalk is thoroughly analyzed in varied observer‐distances and viewer‐angles via the ray‐tracing method.
P‐206L: Late‐News Poster: Colour Filter ITO Deposited with Rotary Sintered Ceramic ITO Targets
Authors: Lippens Paul , Haldemann Mark
Published: July 2011

Recently, sintered ceramic rotary ITO targets have received strong interest from the display industry. The considerably higher target utilization (TU, up to 90 %), i.e. more than a factor two better compared to planar counterparts, is the main point of attraction. Such higher target utilization gives indeed rise to much lower coating costs. However, the advantages go far beyond that: not only do rotary sintered ceramic ITO targets sputter quasi nodule free, which results in higher process stability and a better product yield, but such targets allow for higher power loads. It will be shown that higher power loads — compared to values closer in line with planar magnetrons ‐ don't negatively impact ITO thin film properties. The work will also point to total coating cost differences between the new technology and the state‐of‐the‐art.
P‐83: Ripple Mechanism and Solution on TFT‐LCD
Authors: Song Yong , Duan JianMin , Qiu HaiJun , Min Tae‐Yup , Ryu Bong‐Yeol , Lee Seong Kyu
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the ripple phenomenon, mechanism and its solutions on TFT‐LCD are discussed. We did many experiments and made many mock‐up modules to find the root cause of ripple and check its correctness. All ofthat are for better panel design and solve the ripple defect thoroughly.
P‐84: Mechanical Reliability of Digital Micro Shutter (DMS™) Displays
Authors: Wu Joyce H. , Steyn J. Lodewyk , Brosnihan Timothy , Fike Gene , Fijol John , Payne Richard , Hagood Nesbitt
Published: July 2011

The Pixtronix DMS display technology is based on MEMS shutters on an active TFT backplane. The mechanical reliability of MEMS shutters in displays has been tested in standard display tests and is presented for the first time. Prototype displays have passed drop, vibration, and press tests. Also, displays were tested to failure in drop tests to find the failure mode of the MEMS shutters.
P‐85: High‐Efficiency Backlight Effectively Using P‐polarized Light
Authors: Adachi Masaya , Shiraishi Yasuhisa , Nishizawa Shigeki , Ogawa Yoichi , Ishihara Nobuyasu
Published: July 2011

A high efficiency backlight for LCDs is proposed, in which p‐polarized light is preferentially out‐coupled by using the interface reflection of optical components. In our backlight the luminance for the p‐polarized light has improved by 30% or more compared to a conventional backlight and can be produced using conventional processes.
P‐86: Collimation Sheet Design for the One‐Side Edge‐Lit Backlight
Authors: Jung Young Jin , Choi Myongjo , YoungSik O. , Moon JeongMin , Lee JaeWon , Hwang YongKee
Published: July 2011

Collimation sheet for the edge‐lit backlight has been designed, which is well specialized for the emission profile of one‐side edge‐lit backlight. Operation theory and design principles of the proposed sheet were presented in detail. Simulation study shows that emission angle of 12° is achievable using the designed sheet without additional sheets while conventional backlight has the angle of 50° with two sheets (micro lens sheet and prism sheet).
P‐89: Perceptual Motion Blur Measurement Using Minimum Blur Edge Time
Authors: Kim Taehee , Kim Jiman , Seo Sungwon , Park Jiwon , Song Kwoneuy , Kim Heeman , Seo Guiwon , Lee Chulhee
Published: July 2011

Motion blurring has become a major problem in modern LCD monitors. Therefore, accurate and robust motion blur measurement is important. Among many motion blur measurement methods, the average BET (blur edge time) has been widely used. However, some recent displays, which use local dimming, do not produce any noticeable motion blurring, even though they have high BET values. In this paper, we investigated the cause of this problem and proposed a new motion blur measurement method. Subjective tests using a number of TV monitors showed that the proposed method showed better performance than the conventional BET method.
P‐91: Parametric Evaluation of Computer Displays for Optimized Display Data Transmission
Authors: Han Kyungtae , Jeganathan Nithyananda S. , Diefenbaugh Paul S.
Published: July 2011

Display sub‐system is among the highest power consuming entity on a computer platform and the energy efficiency of the display pipeline has a significant impact on the battery life, especially in mobile devices. Traditional display sub‐systems expend a lot of energy to maintain the stable images on the screen by transmitting the entire screen contents to display even if there is little or no change in the screen. This paper characterizes the computer generated screen updates for different type of workloads by two independent techniques: HW & SW and presents an analysis of the screen updates. Our data shows that typically only less than 20% of the screen content changes and there is 20–200ms idle time period between active frames. Future display technologies can take advantage of this redundancy in screen contents to save power on the display sub‐system.
P‐92: Rapid and Non‐destructive Lifetime Estimation Method for LED Backlight Displays
Authors: Lin Su‐Yi , Chang Chi Sheng , Yang Tony , Wu Chang Shin , Chuan Chen Cheng
Published: July 2011

In this paper we will display a new method for measuring the temperature of a LED backlight display. Generally the LED junction temperature (Tj) is the key factor for lifetime estimation and it can be measured by the forward voltage variation when the LED is turned on under small driving current. Unfortunately the forward voltage measurement is a destructive and non‐direct method for the display and we can get only a few LED information. We found that by recording the Wp (peak wavelength) of the display spectrum, a non‐destructive LED backlight display lifetime evaluation method can be developed. By also, the lifetime of the display can be calculated simply.
P‐93: Free Ghost Image and High Transmittance Optical Thin Film Beam Splitter for Head‐Up Display
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Chung , Tsai Shu‐Hui , Kuo Chien‐Cheng , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Teng Lin‐Ming , Luo Kuang‐Tso
Published: July 2011

In order to eliminate the double images caused from thick windshield, we used optical thin film technology to design a beam splitter applied for head‐up display (HUD). In our research, light source we used is p‐ polarized light because of its contrast is better than s‐polarization. This beam splitter can reflect multicolor and improve the influence of ghost images. Reflectance ofp polarization is 22.6% and the total reflecting contrast of the first surface to the second surface is 9, while the total transmittance of beam splitter is above 70%.
P‐96: Analysis of Address Discharge Delay Characteristics Using Transient Characteristics of IR Emission Intensity in Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Park Hyung Dal , Kim Jae Hyun , Tae Heung‐Sik , Kim Deok Myeong , Seo Jeong Hyun
Published: July 2011

This paper analyzes the address discharge delay characteristics based on the measurement of the transient IR emission intensity according to the wall charge state after the reset discharge. This measurement result shows that the maximal erasure of the wall charges accumulating on the scan and address electrodes during the negative ramp‐falling period induces the easy transition from the weak discharge to the strong discharge, thereby resulting in shortening the statistical delay time.
P‐98: Distinguished Poster Paper: Effect of Substituting Si with Al and Adding Organic Compounds on the Luminescence Properties of Sialon Phosphor
Authors: Izawa Takamasa , Kusunoki Tsuneo
Published: July 2011

Fundamental investigations on the effect of modifying the composition of nitride phosphors on their luminescence properties are required to enhance their luminescence efficiencies. This study investigates the effect of substituting Si with Al and adding organic compounds on the luminescence of Sialon phosphor.
13.1: Invited Paper: Electrochromic Display: Full‐color Technology, Flexible, Roll‐to‐roll Processing etc.
Authors: Chung Yi‐Wen , Li Ai‐Kang , Lee Jian‐Hong , Tsai Chih‐Jen , Fang Huang‐Cheng
Published: July 2011

The novel device that single electrochromic material with photonic crystal structures appears red, green and blue by inducing different potentials was invented by us. Further, we also fabricate flexible electrochromic device in A3 size by using roll‐to‐roll laminating package process.
P‐102: Enhanced VUV Photoluminescence Properties of (Y0.05Gd0.05)0.94−xAlx(V0.25P0.75)O4:Eu0.06 Phosphors by Doping Al3+
Authors: Kim Ki Young , Heo Mee Hyun , Park Kyeongsoon
Published: July 2011

High‐quality (Y0.05Gd0.05)0.94−xAlx(V0.25P0.75)O4:Eu0.06 (0≤x≤0.02) phosphors were synthesized by solution combustion method. We investigated their microstructure and photoluminescence properties as a function of Al3+ content. The emission spectra consisted of three strong and sharp peaks at 594, 615 − 620, and 697 − 704 nm. These peaks were assigned to the transitions from the excited 5D0 to 7Fj (j = 1, 2, and 4) of Eu3+ activator. The annealed phosphors formed a single phase with the tetragonal structure. The doped Al3+ significantly improved the photoluminescence properties.
P‐103: Fabrication and Driving Properties of Novel Side‐Anode Field Emission Lamp
Authors: Li Huai‐An , Chian Mei‐Tsao , Huang Chi‐Fang , Jeng Jian‐Min , Lo Jason
Published: July 2011

In the study we designed the novel‐structure field emission lamp (FEL), side‐anode FEL. Cathode and anode electrodes are both on one glass substrate. Because the lighting mode of the side‐anode FEL is reflection mode, so the lighting efficiency and uniformity are better than other common structure.
P‐105: Advanced Furnace‐Growing Technology to Fabricate Nanowire Type In2O3 Film on Gallium Nitride LEDs
Authors: Lian Jan‐Tian , Tsao Kai‐Chieh , Chang Yu‐Ming , Su Chun‐Wei , Zeng Jhao‐Ming , Lai Yi‐Chun , Lin Tai‐Yuan
Published: July 2011

We have developed the method on the enhanced light emission of semiconductors with nanowire type In2O3 films. The nanowire type In2O3 films is deposited by the furnace at low temperature and the radius is about 50 nm. Increasable intensity of GaN LEDs with nanowire type In2O3 film is more than several fold.
P‐108: High Performances of the Powder Electroluminescence Device using the Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yu SeGi , Kim Jin‐Yong , Park Shang Hyeun , Jeong Taewon , Han Intaek
Published: July 2011

The display characteristics of AC powder electroluminescence (EL) devices were improved by adopting nanomaterials, here single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs were shortened by the cryo‐crushing method in order to reduce unnecessary current bypath networks which might be formed by long pristine CNTs. Two approaches utilizing CNTs were investigated—a CNT layer was inserted between an emitting layer and a dielectric layer, and CNT‐phosphor composite was used as an emitting layer. Both methods improved the brightness and current density of EL devices (20% brighter and 10% less current density than the reference device). This might be caused by the characteristics of nanomaterials, i.e., high local electric field near the end of nanomaterials and high surface to volume ratio.
P‐209L: Late‐News Poster: An All‐CMOS Microdisplay Utilizing Integrated Novel Avalanche Light‐Emitting Sources
Authors: Venter Petrus J. , du Plessis Monuko , Bogalecki Alfons W. , Rademeyer Pieter
Published: July 2011

CMOS offers the advantage of large scale functional integration into small form factor integrated circuits. Current mainstream display technologies such as OLEDs and LCDs dominate the market for small displays. The possibility, however, of extending microdisplay capabilities to CMOS may be useful for a number of reasons. Although CMOS is certainly not the dominating semiconductor for photonics, the platform may offer advantages in terms of cost and the ability to integrate driver and logic circuitry on a single die. This, together with the technology maturity and long standing manufacturing experience, may result in a potent platform for microdisplays. Advances in improving the quantum efficiency of avalanche electroluminescence and the favourable spectral characteristics of light generated through the said mechanism may afford CMOS the possibility to be used as a display technology. This work shows that it is possible to integrate a fully functional display in a completely standard CMOS technology, utilizing avalanche electroluminescence for visible light. The prototype was designed and manufactured in a standard process geared towards digital design while using light sources completely compatible with the process and without any post processing required.
P‐110: An Auto‐calibration Function For Color Electronic Paper Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Nose Masaki , Uehara Hirokata
Published: July 2011

An automatic calibration function for a dynamic drive scheme has been developed to stabilize the contrast ratio and the number of colors for color electronic paper. We use the pixels' capacitance to detect their optical characteristics. We can accurately distinguish 4,096 colors; only a few colors were practical, previously.
P‐113: Efficiency and Image Enhancement of Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Devices by Using Antireflection Nanopillars
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Chung‐Chun , Liang Hsun , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Chu Chih‐Wei , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: July 2011

We present an antireflection structure consisted of tapered nanopillars to simultaneously increase light extraction efficiency and image contrast of flexible organic light‐emitting devices. The nanopillars were made by imprinting the anodized aluminum oxide on polycarbonate substrates. The thermal viscosity effect formed the nanopillars with tapered shapes. Such tapered nanopillars show excellent antireflection properties for a wide range of incident angles and wavelengths. The transmittance was greatly improved from 52.8% to 89.1% at 60° incident angle for 150‐nm‐height nanopillars. With this antireflection structure, the device efficiency was improved 69% as compared to devices with flat substrates. Due to wide‐angle antireflection, the ANSI image contrast ratio was also significantly improved.
P‐115: Electrical, Optical, and ITO Characteristics of a Flexible OLED Display
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Che , Lin Kuen‐Cherng , Chu Lin‐Ling , Lee Wei‐yu , Lee Kun‐Yi , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Chang Chin‐Yu , Yeh Shu‐Tang
Published: July 2011

For cyclic bending test (5000 times) on a flexible OLED, leakage current and luminance decreased, due to surface microcracks under bending process. Then we removing the organic layer to exhibit the surface of substrate and we find the OLED break down but the ITO layer still well.
P‐117: Direct Printed Plastic Color Filter for Color Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ming , Chiu Chih‐Hsuan , Lee Yuh‐Zheng
Published: July 2011

Color e‐paper is an important vehicle in the coming handheld electronic consumer product. However, many technologies still struggle to be more competitive in this field. This work presents a feasible and simple printed process to fabricate plastic color filter for e‐paper. A color EPD of 6 inch diagonal has been successfully demonstrated.
P‐119: A New Charge Pump Pixel Circuit for Reflective Displays
Authors: Jung Myoung‐Hoon , Kim Jungwoo , Song Byonggwon , Chung Deukseok , Yi Yunjeong , Jin Yong Wan , Lee Sang‐Yoon
Published: July 2011

A novel charge pump pixel circuit for reflective display requiring high voltage driving, which is more than 10 V, is proposed for low‐power mobile application. By adopting proposed low‐voltage frame inversion method, we can reduce input data voltage swing to almost half of driving voltage on a pixel electrode, so the power consumption on parasitic elements can be substantially reduced.

The operation of the pixel circuit was confirmed through the prototype of 3.6″ polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays and the simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces the power consumption by 64.3%, compared with the conventional driving method.
P‐120: High‐performance of Ink‐jet Printed Organic Thin‐film Transistors on Flexible Substrate using a Small Molecule‐polymer Blend
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Choi Min Hee , Kim Byung Soon , Jang Jin
Published: July 2011

We report the high performance, 6,13‐bis(triisopropyl silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) by ink‐jet printing on a thin polymer layer. The OTFT with polymer/TIPS‐pentacene exhibited the saturation field‐effect mobility (μsat) of 1.11 cm2/Vs and threshold voltage (Vth) of −0.41 V. In contrast, the ink‐jet printed TIPS‐pentacene TFT without PS layer shows the μsat of 0.36 cm2/Vs and Vth of −0.62 V. The improved performance of polymer blended OTFT appears to be due to the improved crystallinity of the polymer blended TIPS‐pentacene layer.
P‐122: Solution‐processed Organic/Inorganic Hybrid CMOS‐type Inverter
Authors: Ji Seon‐Beom , Chung Seungjun , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Hong Yongtaek
Published: July 2011

We report solution‐processed organic/inorganic hybrid CMOS‐type inverter using 6,13‐bis (triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) and indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) for p‐ and n‐channel TFTs, respectively. IGZO and silver electrodes were inkjet‐printed and TIPS‐pentacene was drop‐cast. The field effect mobilities of p‐ and n‐channel TFTs were 0.02 and 0.99 cm2/V·s, respectively, and the inverter gain was −13.13 V/Vat VDD=40 V.
P‐124: Methods of Measuring Thin Film Thickness on Polymer Substrate
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Jung , Yang Fu‐Shiang
Published: July 2011

In this paper two methods of measuring the thickness of a thin film layer on polymer substrate are presented. The first one is based on a polarizing microscope and analyzing the interference spectrum of white light reflected by the specimen. The second is a microscope with a high numerical aperture lens. The interference fringes caused by the birefringence of the polymer substrate can be eliminated, and by a numerical procedure the film index and thickness can be extracted from the measured reflection spectrum. As an example, we made measurements on a single layer UV glue thin film coated on a polymer substrate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in this case. We used the Fourier Transform method to analyze the spectrum and confirmed the effect of these methods.
P‐211L: Late‐News Poster: Surface Controlled Coatable Gate Dielectric and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Isogai Yukie , Katoh Takeyoshi , Sugitani Koichi , Hanmura Masahiro , Tada Mitsushi , Nakajima Yoshiki , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Yamamoto Toshihiro
Published: July 2011

We have developed Coatable Gate Dielectrics (CGDE) which can be cured at low temperature. It is applicable to not only glass but also flexible substrate with low Tg. By optimizing surface states, we achieved stable electrical characteristics of organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) with CGDE.
P‐128: A Novel Polyimide‐Free Patterned Retarder 3D Display
Authors: Su Chun‐Wei , Shih Mei‐Sha , Lien Jan‐Tien
Published: July 2011

We have mentioned a new fabrication for patterned retarder 3D display is presented. The main method mixed reactive monomer and photosensitive monomer and then used mask and UV light to achieve different odd retardation and even retardation. Compared with the conventional fabrication, we eliminate the PI process, decrease TACT time, and solvent less. Therefore, we don't need PI coating and PI rubbing process and then saved a lot of equipment and energy that be belong to green 3D display. Finally, we have succeeded to achieve without PI process for patterned retarder 3D display by our new materials development.
P‐132: Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Response Time of Encapsulated Cholesteric LCs
Authors: Liao Yuan‐Chang , Lu Jhih‐Ping , Wu Kuan‐Wei , Wang Wei‐Yuan , Lin Tsung‐Hsien
Published: July 2011

This paper study the influence of surface properties of encapsulated CLC on response time and reflectance via polymerization induced phase separation. The cured polymer layer, which is composed of the mixture of EMA and TRI, adhere to the inside of the non‐treated glass substrate and change the surface properties to vertical alignments. Different boundary conditions caused by various UV curing intensity and cell gap lead to different electro‐optical properties for CLC display. With a proper boundary structure, the transition time from homeotropic to planar of CLC can be reduced obviously with slightly reduced reflectance.
P‐133: Enhancement of Memory Characteristics in Bistable Chiral Splay Nematic Display Mode
Authors: Bae Kwang‐Soo , Cha Uiyeong , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Park Sang Ju , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: July 2011

We report an enhancement of memory characteristics in a bistable chiral splay nematic (BCSN) display mode with reactive mesogens (RMs). The polymerized RMs give rise to hindrance to relaxation in a memory mode and thus a memory retention time is significantly improved in the BCSN mode.
14.1: Invited Paper: Advanced Technologies for 3D Liquid Crystal Television
Authors: Yamada Yuichiro , Okamoto Kenji , Miyachi Koichi
Published: July 2011

To obtain the 3D image quality same as 2D image, a frame sequential method for 3D system has been developed. The major problem of the frame sequential method is a double image so called crosstalk. By applying advanced technologies such as UV2A Ultra Violet induced Vertical Alignment, four primary color and the sophisticated driving technologies to LC‐TV, the crosstalk when displaying the 3D image can be removed
P‐135: A High Reflectivity Fluorescent Guest‐Host Polymer Network LC Color Display
Authors: Asaoka Yasushi , Minoura Kiyoshi , Tsukio Daisuke , Deguchi Kazuhiro , Satoh Eiji , Fujiwara Sayuri , Miyata Akio , Itoh Yasuhisa
Published: July 2011

We have developed a novel bright reflective color display, which combines the polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) containing dichroic fluorescent dyes and the ultra‐low‐power driving technology. The high reflectance, 60% at the maximum, was achieved by enhancement of the external light emission from the dyes due to the light‐scattering effect of PNLC.
P‐136: Optimization of Liquid‐Crystal Phased Arrays
Authors: Valyukh Sergiy , Chigrinov Vladimir
Published: July 2011

In this paper, liquid‐crystal phased arrays are studied. We consider two types of such devices where the needed spatial distribution of liquid crystal director is formed by 1) an inhomogeneous electric field, and 2) an inhomogeneous alignment. Physical restrictions and ways for optimizations of these devices are investigated.
P‐143: Polymer Stabilized In‐Plane Field Driven Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Device
Authors: Lim Se Hyun , Kim Dae Hyun , Shin Suck Jae , Woo Woo Chang , Jin Heui‐Seok , Lee Seung Hee , Kim Eun Young , Lee Seung‐Eun
Published: July 2011

We propose surface polymer‐stabilized in‐plane field driven vertical alignment device using a liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy. The device requires long distance between electrodes to achieve higher transmittance, however, such a design results in increase in operating voltage and slow response time. Forming surface pretilt angle with utilization of polymer stabilization technique, operating voltage is reduced and response time is greatly improved even with long electrode distance.
P‐144: Electrooptic Response of FLC: Effect of Alignment Materials
Authors: Guo Qi , Fan Fan , Du Tao , Chigrinov Vladimir
Published: July 2011

In this paper, parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) with different alignment materials, which include Nylon 6 with rubbing method, photoaligned azo‐dye layer SD1 and new photosensitive material from DIC, were investigated. The effects of alignment layer on contrast ratio, response time and switching of FLC are provided. Asymmetric boundary conditions, with only one of ITO surfaces is covered with the aligning layer while the other one is not, have been used for providing both high contrast ratio and defect free orientation. It is indicated that SD1 is suitable for FLC alignment, with which switching time of 65μs and contrast of 500:1 are obtained at room temperature, and switching time decreases with higher temperature.
P‐213L: Late‐News Poster: Optimization of High‐Aperture‐Ratio Fringe‐Field‐Switching Pressure‐Resistance Characteristic for Touch‐Screen Display
Authors: Lim Junhwan , Zhang Zunrui , Yang Falu , Zuo Xiongcan , Yang Ruizhi , Ko Youngyik , Jung Heechul
Published: July 2011

Currently, smart phone and table pc like I phone and I pad with touch pad are main trend in the mobile market. Using touch pad, display image is distorted by external pressure with touch pen and fingers. Because such defects, improvement of pressure resistant characteristic by external pressure (Trace mura) is became more important factor. To solve the problem, we studied pressure resistant characteristic by rubbing uniformity, alignment anchoring force, rotational viscosity of liquid crystal and pixel electrode length of domain structure. Through these experiment results, we have found the design of improving pressure resistant characteristic (Trace mura). Low rotational viscosity of liquid crystal shows stronger pressure resistant characteristic than high rotational viscosity of liquid crystal and as the length of pixel electrode is shorter, pressure resistant characteristic (Trace mura) is good. It is much advantageous for touch pad display field.
P‐149: A Reflective Polarizer‐Free Display Using Dye‐Doped Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Hung‐Shan , Chiang Tsung‐Han , Wu Chun‐Hung , Chen Hung‐Yuan , Lin Yi‐Hsin , Hsu Hsu‐Kuan
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate a reflective polarizer‐free display using dye‐doped polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (DDPSBP‐LC). The mechanism is mainly the combination of electrically tunable light absorption and Bragg reflection. At the voltage‐off state, the dye molecules and liquid crystals form the structure of the double twist cylinders. As a result, the DDPSBP‐LC is in dark state due to the combination of Bragg reflection and light absorption. At the voltage‐on state, the blue phase structure is unwound locally. The DDPSBP‐LC is then in bright state because of the small light absorption only. The response time of DDPSBP‐LC is fast, the viewing angle is wide, and the optical efficiency is high. The applications of such a switch are shutter glass of 3D displays, and electronic papers.
P‐150: Tunable Liquid Crystal Lens by Spatially Controlling of Pretilt Angle
Authors: Fan Fan , Tseng Man‐Chun , Murauski Anatoli A. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Chigrinov Vladimir G.
Published: July 2011

Stacked alignment layer (SAL) with both vertical and horizontal alignment materials are used to control the liquid crystal (LC) pretilt angle. When one alignment material in SAL is photoalignable, the pretilt angle can be controlled by UV exposure dosage. A tunable LC lens is achieved by exposing the SAL under UV laser.
P‐151: UV‐Modified Polyimide Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystal Fresnel Lens
Authors: Hwang Shug‐June , Chen Tai‐An , Lin Kuo‐Ren , Jeng Shie‐Chang
Published: July 2011

A switchable liquid crystal (LC) Fresnel lens was demonstrated by the UV‐modified alignment layer for producing an alternation of hybrid‐aligned and vertically‐aligned LC zones. A polarization‐independent Fresnel lens can be obtained by circular rubbing, and a high diffraction efficiency of ∼23% is reached with a low driving voltage of 1.2 V.
P‐158: Fast Switching of Narrow‐gap TN‐LCDs Embedded with New Nanoparticles and Their Application to FSC‐LCDs
Authors: Kundu Brindaban , Shiraishi Yukihide , Sawai Hiroya , Takeuchi Kiyofumi , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Toshima Naoki , Mizumoto Takeshi , Kitamura Michio , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: July 2011

We report the reduction of both response times and threshold voltage by 20–50% and 30% respectively in NTN‐LCD modules that brings τON = 3.2ms at V10% and 0.5ms at V0% and τOFF = 3.4ms at 25°C and τON = 6.2ms and 0.9ms at 0°C. These short figures of response times well satisfy the requirement for FSC‐LCD operated at 216Hz with our LCD modules and our FSC‐LCDs are featured by 2–3 times higher luminance efficiency than those with color filters yielding 2nits/W/m2.
P‐160: Improvement of the Contrast Ratio in Twisted Nematic LCD
Authors: Lee Do‐Young , Kim Hee‐Kyung , Lee Man‐Kyun , Heo Sang‐Hoon , Song Jang‐Kun
Published: July 2011

Mainly due to the twisted directors near surface in dark state, the decreased contrast ratio of TN mode has been observed. Here we describe the investigation of the contrast ratio of twist nematic liquid crystal display (TN‐LCD) with an optical compensation film, WV‐film, by using computational simulation and suggest new method to improve the contrast ratio significantly. Our results indicated that by optimizing the pitch of liquid crystal with chiral dopant, the contrast ratio was improved about 20%, but the reverse twisted region of the liquid crystal occurs. By adopting twisted WV‐Film, the contrast ratio was increased about 19% without the reverse twisted region.
P‐162: Distinguished Student Poster Paper: Sunlight Readable Transmissive LCDs
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Chuan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

We propose a novel sunlight readable transmissive LCD embedded with a transflective film. Such a transflective film has high transmittance to the backlight and high reflectance to the ambient light. This new display is particularly suitable for mobile displays under strong ambient light condition.
P‐163: Three‐terminal Dye‐doped LC Device Switchable between Reflective and Transmissive Modes
Authors: Kim Ki‐Han , Jin Hye‐Jung , Park Byung Wok , Song Dong Han , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: July 2011

We propose a three‐terminal dye‐doped LC device that is switchable between reflective and transmissive modes without image inversion. An additional LC panel or optical components are not needed for the proposed device, differently from conventional mode‐switchable LCDs. Compared to the previous dual panel structure consisting of two vertically‐aligned LC layers, an enhancement of the transmittance by more than 4% was obtained because there is no increase in the light absorption by an additional LC panel.
P‐168: Room Temperature Deposition of Transparent Conducting Anode for Organic Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Ko Yoon Duk , Kim Joo Yeob , Joung Hong Chan , Son Dong Jin , Jung Dong Geun , Kim Young Sung
Published: July 2011

Poly‐crystalline Indium tin oxide (ITO) film, which shows high optical transmittance and low resistivity, is the essential material to realize OLED device as a transparent anodic electrode. However, this anode material has some problems for flexible displays or OLEDs due to the high manufacturing temperature and imperfect work function alignment in each layer of device. This study examined the anode material properties of ITO, GZO, and IZTO thin films deposited at room temperature using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering along with the device performance of organic emitting diodes (OLEDs). In conclusion, the IZTO film is an alternative material for conventional ITO anodes used in OLEDs and flexible displays.
P‐171: A Novel Sensor for Simultaneously Monitoring the Composition and Thickness of Co‐deposited Films During Co‐deposition
Authors: Suemori Kouji , Hoshino Satoshi , Takada Noriyuki , Kamata Toshihide , Ibaraki Nobuki
Published: July 2011

Organic light emitting diodes are extremely sensitive to dopant concentrations in emitting layers. We developed a sensor that could simultaneously monitor the composition and thickness of co‐deposited films. This sensor enables more precise control of the composition of the emitting layers compared to quartz crystal oscillator thickness monitors.
P‐174: The Electrical Properties of Transparent Emotional OLED Lighting Based on Organic Environment Sensor
Authors: Jeong Jin Wook , Park Young Wook , Choi Jin Hwan , Park Tae Hyen , Choi Hyun Ju , Song Eun Ho , Ju Byeong Kwon , Lee Jeong Ik , Chu Hye Young
Published: July 2011

This paper reports on a study of the electrical properties of integrated organic light emitting diode (OLED) with an organic photo sensor (OPS) based on poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) for emotional lighting applications. The emission characteristics exhibit the changes in the current and luminance of an OLED as a function of time when the OPS is exposed to different illumination levels from full dark to 500 m W/cm2 using a xenon lamp.
P‐175: Profile of Heterostructured Host for Phosphorescent OLED and its Application to the White Lighting Devices with Low Driving Voltage
Authors: Hyun Woo Jin , Park O. Ok , Chin Byung Doo
Published: July 2011

The electrophosphorescent OLED with heterostructured (mixed) light emission layer was characterized. Base on the best combination profile of mixed emitter obtained, we have fabricated the white OLEDs, where the selective cross‐patterning technique was employed for the spatial variation of emitting layer thickness. The corresponding lower driving voltage and stable color characteristics were investigated.
P‐178: Semi‐transparent Tandem Device Comprising Organic Light‐emitting Diodes and Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Liu Shun‐Wei , Lee Chih‐Chien , Huang Jia‐Chin , Lin Chi‐Feng , Chen Chin‐Ti , Lee Jiun‐Haw
Published: July 2011

Semitransparent stacked device consisting of an OLED and an OSC was demonstrated connected by a thin Ag as the connecting unit, which was modified by self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). Efficiency of OSC‐mode from the bottom and top illumination is 0.36% and 0.27%, respectively, while current efficiency of OLED‐mode from the bottom‐ and top‐emission is 3.0 and 1.2 cd/A.
P‐179: Efficiency Enhancement of PLED by Using TiOx Electron Transport Layer with Prism Sheet Attachment
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Liang Hsun , Lai Hiao‐Han , Chuang Chia‐Wen , Chu Chih‐Wei , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: July 2011

The internal and external efficiency were found can be simultaneously improved by insertion a high refractive index material, titanium oxide (TiOx), to the emission layer and a prism sheet attached to the substrate. The TiOx layer resulted in a better electron‐hole balance and thus increased the internal efficiency. However, it also led a wider angular FWHM of emission profile with more photons trapped in the substrate. By using the prism sheet, those trapped light was efficiently coupled to the air. The extraction efficiency enhancement at normal direction was increased from 33.1% to 54.4% without any device electricity degeneration. The overall current efficiency was improved 86% when 20‐nm‐thick TiOx film was used.
P‐182: Lifetime Enhancement by Fabrication of a Doped Graded‐emission Layer in Organic Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Chuang Chun‐Shiung , Cheng Chia‐Liang , Chen Hsi‐an , Chen Chin H.
Published: July 2011

We report an improved doped graded‐emission layered structure (IG‐EML) which can be readily fabricated by a conventional research thermal‐evaporation coater and enhance device lifetime. This is demonstrated by doping fluorescent yellow emitter EY53 in the host matrix formed by programmed continuous mixing of a typical hole transporting material (e.g. NPB) and an electron transporting material (e.g. BAlq). Compared with the conventional bi‐layer (B‐EML), mixed‐emission (M‐EML) and a typical graded‐emission (G‐EML) device, the novel IG‐EML doped OLEDs offer significant advantage in operational device stability T50 (more than 4.8 times than that of the B‐EML structure) without compromising its current efficiency.
P‐216L: Late‐News Poster: Optical Properties of WO3/Ag/WO3 Multilayer as Transparent Electrode in Top Emitting OLEDs
Authors: Hong Kihyon , Kim Kisoo , Kim Sungjun , Lee Illhwan , Koo Bon Hyeong , Lee Jong‐Lam
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate inverted top‐emitting organic light emitting diodes (ITOLEDs) using a WO3/Ag/WO3 multilayer as a transparent top electrode formed by thermal evaporation. Due to the multiple reflections and interferences, the Ag layer sandwiched between WO3 with a high value of n (>2.0) can show improved transmittance property of ∼ 90 %.
P‐186: Compensated MTN Mode Field Sequential Microdisplays for Pico Projector Applications
Authors: Li Yuet Wing , Chiang Kuan Hsu Fan , Tsai Chia Yeh , Wu Chieng Liang , Wang Chieng Tang , Chen Wei‐Hsieh , Tsai Hsien‐Chang
Published: July 2011

We performed a complete study of optical properties of MTN mode LCOS with in‐plane retarders. A new fast response and compensated MTN configuration is proposed. The on/off axis contrast of the new compensated LCOS panel can be dramatically improved from 800:1 to over 1500:1. When such fast response (<170 s) compensated MTN mode equip with analog driving LCOS backplane, 95% NTSC is recorded even under 100% LED turn on duty.
P‐187: An Electrically Tunable Focusing LCOS Pico Projector Using a Liquid‐Crystal Lens
Authors: Lin Hung‐Chun , Chen Ming‐Syuan , Lin Yi‐Hsin
Published: July 2011

An electrically tunable LCOS pico projector using a liquid crystal (LC) lens as an active optical element is demonstrated. The LC lens consists of two built‐in sub‐lenses: one is an electrically tunable focusing lens controlled by a LC layer and the other is a fixed focused polymeric lens. The tunable ranges of the electrically tunable LCOS pico projectors are 200 cm to ∼7 cm. The driving voltage of the electrically tunable focusing LCOS pico projector is less than 35 Vrms. The response times is 1.1 sec. The image performance of the electrically tunable focusing LCOS pico projector is also demonstrated.
P‐188: Field Sequential Type 3D Pico‐Projector Phone Based on 1GHz Mobile Application Processor and nHD DMD Chipset
Authors: Park Byeonghoon , Cho Jaeyong , Kim Sungsoon , Kim Hyowon , Kwon Jinwook , Sung Kisuk , Lee Homin , Lee Jungkee , Jang Donghoon
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we present the first 3D pico‐projector phone platform which adopted a field sequential type nHD DLP‐based projector module and the mobile application processor S5PC111. With 1.5ms of 3D glass blank time and maximally 12 lumen picoprojector engine, we obtained about 30% of optical efficiency at 1W LED power consumption.
P‐193: Optool™ DAC‐HP: An Anti‐fingerprint Coating Material for Touch Panel Screens
Authors: Milam Ken , Hendershot Ron
Published: July 2011

Daikin's Optool™ DAC‐HP is a surface antifouling agent based on proprietary fluorochemical technology which is part of an UV‐cured acrylic hard‐coat agent. It prevents fingerprints on processed surfaces, repels water and oils, creates a low friction surface, has superior durability and does not degrade the optical properties of the material.
P‐194: Tracking Hand‐gestures with Depth Detection for a 3D Interactive Display
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Fan , Kao Yung‐Yuan , Chao Paul C. ‐P.
Published: July 2011

This study proposes a new system for tracking and recognizing the human‐hand, furthermore distance between hand and camera can also be measured the capabilities of hand‐tracking and depth‐detection. One of the algorithms is able to track the hands in real time with a camera. Another one detects the depth from the sensing camera to the hands.
P‐195: Multi‐user and Multi‐touch System for 3D‐interactive Display
Authors: Tung Hsuan‐Yu , Wang Gao‐Zhen , Huang Yi‐Pai , Tseng Hung‐Wei , Lo Jui‐Chi , Kuo Chung‐Hong
Published: July 2011

General 3D interactive system based on embedded optical sensor had been reported for supporting single user or single touch. However, some actions like catch zoom or rotate have not been proposed. In this paper, a 3D multi‐interactive system was proposed to enhance the interaction between multi‐users and 3D images. The concept of the proposed system is to use color filter as a band‐pass filter to separate the illuminating properties of various light sources. Consequently, by using different color LEDs as the light‐pen, this system can detect 3D positions (x, y and z) of multi‐light sources. Finally, it can be applied for multi‐user or multi‐touch on 3D interactive display.
P‐218L: Late‐News Poster: Antimicrobial Coatings That Prevent Bacterial Growth On Touchscreens
Authors: Nagarkar Pradnya , Ali Mahfuza , Stepanova Narina
Published: July 2011

This paper describes antimicrobial properties of novel, transparent polymeric coatings applied to glass. A 3‐log reduction in viable bacterial population within 24 hours was observed. The method of application to various glass surfaces ‐polished, antiglare coated and sol‐gel fired, is demonstrated.