bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Multistage Damage Detection Method Based on Lamb Waves and Thermal Effect
Authors: Amina Saouab  , Hajar Chouiyakh  , Mustafa Faqir  , Kenza Bouchaala  , Fathi Ghanameh  , Elhachmi Essadiqi
Published: April 2022

Non-destructive testing has been implemented in many industries to ensure structural safety and reliability by detecting defects. In this study, Lamb waves are used for early damage detection and characterization. The aim of this research work is to develop a methodology for damage characterization (detection, localization, severity, and life estimation). Different problems associate with Lamb waves propagation as their dispersive behavior, and the effect of varying temperature on the amplitude and arrival time of the wave. Current study focuses on investigating the multistage damage detection method based on Lamb waves. It uses a network of transducers to improve damage detection and localization. It is aimed to validate the present technique by ellipse method to improve damage localization of the previously detected damages. To model the first stage of the technique, numerical simulations were performed on an 800x800x1.293 mm aluminum plate, using FE software ABAQUS explicit. Obtained signals from the simulation can detect s the presence of damage by comparing the baseline signal with damaged signals. The corresponding delays have been validated and compared with those of literature to improve the estimation of damage position.
Asian Studies in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia
Authors: Kim Sang Hun
Published: April 2022

Unlike Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria—which became satellite countries of the Soviet Union after the Second World War—Yugoslavia maintained its own communist economic and social system as it neither belonged to the United States nor to the Soviet Union. Unlike the earlier introduction of “North Korean Studies” by the other communist countries, Yugoslavia opened departments of “Indology,” “Sinology,” and “Japanology,” recognizing them as representatives of Asian Studies rather than “North Korean Studies.” Asian Studies in Yugoslavia, which disbanded into six countries after the 1990s, was distinct in each of the republics. In the Republic of Serbia, for example, “Sinology” was representative of Asian Studies, while in the Republic of Croatia it was “Indology,” and in the Republic of Slovenia it was “Japanology.” The present study exam-ines the characteristics and backgrounds of “Sinology” at the University of Belgrade in Serbia, “Indology” at the University of Zagreb in Croatia, and “Japanology” and the new-ly-formed “Korean Studies” (in 2015) at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia. Moreover, it describes the role of Korean government agencies and local universities and scholars in establishing Korean Studies in foreign universities. This study asserts that in order to establish Korean Studies in a foreign university, that university and its scholars must be actively involved, essentially leading the process, while Korean and local gov-ernment agencies should assume the role of facilitator. This paper has been developed on the basis of “The Current Status of Korean Studies in Slovenia” which was published in the 2016 issue of the Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies.1 However, because of its importance in relation to the establishment of a Korean Studies program in Split, it is being reprinted here with a new focus on “Asian Studies in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia: Strategies for the Development of Korean Studies at the University of Split.”
The Risk Factors and Pesticide Poisoning among Horticultural Farmers: A Pilot Study in Indonesia
Authors: Saftarina Fitria , Jamsari Jamsari , Masrul Masrul , Lestari Yuniar
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Pesticide usage has become more common, resulting in negative consequences for the environment and human health. Pesticide poisoning data are still difficult to come by in Indonesia. This is due to a poor health reporting system, and attention to the health state of farmers has gone unnoticed as well.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and pesticide poisoning among horticultural farmers.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study among horticultural farmers in Sumber Rejo and Gisting Districts, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. Data were collected from May to June 2021. The inclusion criteria were farmers who used organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, farmers who were still actively working using pesticides, and farmers who sprayed 1−7 days before taking blood. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and taking respondent’s blood to determine pesticide poisoning. Sampling of horticultural farmers is done by means of multistage random sampling. Bivariate analysis was assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis was used logistic binary regression. Data analysis used SPSS software version 18.0.

RESULTS: There were significant association between amount of pesticides, topography, Hb levels, knowledge, attitude, behavior, frequency of spraying, personal hygiene, and use of PPE for pesticide poisoning among horticultural farmers (p < 0.05). The usage of inadequate PPE as a dominant factor for pesticide poisoning among horticultural farmers was confirmed by multivariate analysis (OR = 27.448, 95% CI 7.352−10.474).

CONCLUSION: Pesticide poisoning among horticulture farmers is primarily caused by the use of inadequate PPE. As a result, relevant stakeholders must educate farmers on the need of utilizing excellent and standard personal protective equipment (PPE).
Database of butterfly and moth observations in the Netherlands: research from 1947-2020
Authors: Slieker François , Raes Niels
Published: April 2022

The Natural History Museum Rotterdam (NMR) is a regional natural history museum in The Netherlands that focuses on nature and biodiversity of the city of Rotterdam and its surroundings. Bureau Stadsnatuur Rotterdam (bSR) is part of the NMR and collects, mainly on behalf of third parties, data on the flora and fauna from primarily urban areas. The NMR has received a large amount of observation data (1,363 different species in 886,902 observations), in particular of moths and mainly from the Provinces of Zuid-Holland, Noord-Holland and Noord-Brabant from the period 1947-2020. The observation dataset was compiled and standardised from 18 different datasets and stored in a database and published at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).

For the first time, a large butterfly and moth observations dataset with historical distribution data for The Netherlands is mobilised and serves as a baseline lepidopteran biodiversity record.
Histoire de la commission « extrême droite » de la Ligue des droits de l’homme
Authors: Lamy Philippe
Published: April 2022

Inquiète de la résurgence de l’extrême droite, activiste mais surtout intellectuelle et idéologique, la LDH décide de créer en 1980 une commission de travail sur l’extrême droite alors que le Front National est encore un groupuscule. Cette commission devient le lieu et le creuset de la mouvance antifasciste en France. Elle disparaît vingt ans plus tard, après la crise interne du FN.
Le procès de Wilhelm Trapp
Authors: Szurek Jean-Charles
Published: April 2022

Pourquoi Wilhelm Trapp, le commandant du bataillon 101 si bien décrit par l’historien américain Christopher Browning au seuil des années 1990, et déféré à la justice polonaise en 1948, n’a pas été jugé alors pour les crimes commis contre les Juifs mais pour ceux commis contre des paysans polonais ? La réponse tient à une perception commune des alliés britanniques et polonais d’après-guerre, qui avaient arrêté Trapp, et qui ne prennent pas en compte le meurtre des Juifs.
Margit Reiter, Die Ehemaligen. Der Nationalsozialismus und die Anfänge der FPÖ , Göttingen, Wallstein, 2019, 392 p.
Authors: Dedryvère Laurent
Published: April 2022

Ce livre retrace l’histoire des débuts de l’extrême droite autrichienne dans les premières années de la Seconde République (1945 – 1958). L’auteur y aborde la fondation de la Fédération des Indépendants ( Verband der Unabhängigen , VdU) en 1949, dont le FPÖ ( Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs ) est directement issu (1956). Si les deux partis comptaient dans leurs rangs des personnalités modérés, il est aussi avéré qu’ils ont servi de refuge aux anciens nazis.
Histoire et relations internationales (dir. Laurence Badel), Paris, Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2020, 366 p.
Authors: Marès Antoine
Published: April 2022

Cet ouvrage reprend en les complétant les Actes du colloque intitulé Pierre Renouvin, Jean-Baptiste Duroselle (1917 – 2017). La construction d’une discipline, l’histoire des relations internationales qui a eu lieu à Paris en 2017. La mise en contexte des années 1950 est un apport important de ce livre, l’impact des trois grandes guerres du XX e  siècle ayant été décisif dans les orientations ou les réorientations des deux figures tutélaires de ce livre.
Du dialogue interprétatif entre droit (matériel) de la consommation et droit international privé de l’Union – L’exemple du « for du consommateur »
Authors: Ho-Dac Marion
Published: April 2022

L’acquis européen de droit de la consommation pourrait ponctuellement servir de source d’inspiration au droit international privé de l’Union pour dissiper des incertitudes notionnelles ou combler certaines lacunes. Une telle approche a déjà été suivie par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne s’agissant de la notion de consommateur en matière de compétence internationale, ouvrant un dialogue interprétatif notable entre droit matériel de la consommation et droit de la coopération judiciaire en matière civile. Néanmoins, la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice est loin d’être homogène en la matière, créant une certaine confusion théorique, doublée d’une imprévisibilité juridique pour les parties aux rapports de consommation. Dans ce contexte, les contours et le bien-fondé de ce dialogue interprétatif entre droit de la consommation et droit international privé de l’Union doivent être analysés. L’étude démontre notamment l’utilité qu’il pourrait y avoir à introduire, dans le raisonnement de la Cour de justice, un test interprétatif fondé sur l’exigence de « cohérence systémique du droit de l’Union », afin de vérifier de manière systématisée si une analogie intertextuelle entre le droit matériel (de la consommation) et le droit international privé de l’Union est justifiée.
À propos du Règlement Successions : l’office du juge de renvoi, en cas de dessaisissement du juge initialement saisi, conformément aux articles 6 et 7
Authors: Foussard Dominique
Published: April 2022

L’article 7, sous a), du règlement (UE) n o  650/2012 doit être interprété en ce sens que, pour qu’il y ait déclinatoire de compétence, en faveur des juridictions de l’État membre dont la loi a été choisie par le défunt, il n’est pas nécessaire que la juridiction préalablement saisie ait décliné sa compétence de manière expresse, mais il faut que cette intention ressorte sans équivoque de la décision. L’article 6, sous a), l’article 7, sous a), et l’article 39 du règlement n o  650/2012 doivent être interprétés en ce sens que la juridiction de l’État membre saisie à la suite d’un déclinatoire de compétence n’est pas habilitée à contrôler si les conditions requises étaient réunies pour que la juridiction préalablement saisie puisse décliner sa compétence. L’article 6, sous a), et l’article 7, sous a), du règlement n o  650/2012 sont également applicables dans le cas où, un testament ayant été établi avant le 17 août 2015, sous l’égide d’une certaine loi, la désignation de cette loi est retenue en vertu l’article 83, paragraphe 4, de ce règlement.
Compétence internationale des juridictions françaises en matière de responsabilité parentale
Authors: Usunier Laurence
Published: April 2022

Lorsqu’aucune juridiction française n’est compétente en application du règlement (CE) n o  2201/2003 du 27 novembre 2003, dit Bruxelles II bis, la compétence du juge français à l’égard d’une demande relative à la responsabilité parentale relève de l’article 1070 du code de procédure civile et, subsidiairement, de l’article 14 du code civil. Dès lors que la juridiction française a été valablement saisie en application de ce dernier texte, sa compétence ne saurait être écartée au motif que le critère de la nationalité de la partie demanderesse n’est pas pertinent, d’abord, parce que les obligations qui naissent de l’attribution de l’autorité parentale ne sont pas des obligations réciproques entre parents, mais des obligations des deux parents à l’égard de leur enfant commun, ensuite, parce que l’enfant lui-même a plusieurs nationalités, enfin, parce que le critère de la nationalité du parent demandeur est contraire à l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant.
Précisions de la Cour de justice sur la portée du choix de la loi applicable à un contrat individuel de travail
Authors: Sindres David
Published: April 2022

1) L’article 8, paragraphe 1, du règlement (CE) n o  593/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 17 juin 2008, sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles (Rome I), doit être interprété en ce sens que, lorsque la loi régissant le contrat individuel de travail a été choisie par les parties à ce contrat, et que celle-ci est différente de celle applicable en vertu des paragraphes 2, 3 ou 4 de cet article, il y a lieu d’exclure l’application de cette dernière, à l’exception des « dispositions auxquelles il ne peut être dérogé par accord » en vertu de celle-ci, au sens de l’article 8, paragraphe 1, de ce règlement, dont peuvent, en principe, relever les règles relatives au salaire minimal. 2) L’article 8 du règlement n o  593/2008 doit être interprété en ce sens que : d’une part, les parties à un contrat individuel de travail sont considérées comme étant libres de choisir la loi applicable à ce contrat même lorsque les stipulations contractuelles sont complétées par le droit du travail national en vertu d’une disposition nationale, sous réserve que la disposition nationale en cause ne contraigne pas les parties à choisir la loi nationale en tant que loi applicable au contrat, et d’autre part, les parties à un contrat individuel de travail sont considérées comme étant, en principe, libres de choisir la loi applicable à ce contrat même si la clause contractuelle relative à ce choix est rédigée par l’employeur, le travailleur se bornant à l’accepter.
Revue de Poésie : « La poésie faite par tous »
Authors: Russo Adelaide M.
Published: April 2022

Michel Deguy, « homme de revues », cite souvent Lautréamont : « la poésie doit être faite par tous ». Lors des événements de mai 1968, Deguy et son collectif de la Revue de Poésie décident de mettre ce dicton en œuvre en distribuant des plaquettes devant des institutions parisiennes : La Sorbonne, l’École de Médecine, les Beaux-Arts, etc . Chaque plaquette contenait son mode d’emploi : « En ce moment il y a un poème en train, dans la rue, à l’université, à l’usine. Leurs murs se sont couverts de mots et d’images. Que les pages blanches de ce cahier soient le mur où chacun vienne inscrire tout ce qu’il veut, pense, imagine, réalise ». Cet article décrit le contexte historique de cet acte, donne un aperçu de l’attitude de Deguy à propos de Mai 1968, recense et analyse des plaquettes qui se trouvent actuellement dans les archives de l’IMEC.
Sensibilité du risque de crédit au prix du carbone
Authors: Bouchet Vincent , Le Guenedal Théo
Published: April 2022

L’un des leviers permettant d’atteindre les objectifs fixés par l’accord de Paris consiste à donner un prix aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Cependant, une augmentation rapide de ce prix peut augmenter le risque de crédit des entreprises. En s’appuyant sur des scénarios à moyen (2024) et long terme (2060), cette étude analyse la sensibilité du risque de crédit de 763 entreprises internationales. Les secteurs « Énergies fossiles », « Eau, électricité, gaz » et « Matériaux » sont les plus sensibles. Toutefois, le risque ne devient significatif qu’à long terme. Un renforcement des mécanismes de tarification des émissions de gaz à effet de serre semble donc envisageable à moyen terme sans compromettre la stabilité financière. Classification JEL  : G17, G33, Q48, Q54.
Risques climatiques et politique de collatéral des banques centrales : une expérience méthodologique
Authors: Oustry Antoine , Erkan Bünyamin , Svartzman Romain , Weber Pierre-François
Published: April 2022

Les banques centrales reconnaissent de plus en plus que le changement climatique est une source de risques financiers et qu’il pourrait affecter la transmission et la mise en œuvre de la politique monétaire. Dans ce contexte, cet article explore une approche permettant d’intégrer les risques climatiques dans la politique de collatéral d’une banque centrale. Cette approche se fonde sur des méthodologies dites d’« alignement » climatique, qui permettent d’estimer la cohérence des actifs éligibles et mobilisés dans le cadre du collatéral avec des objectifs climatiques. Plutôt que d’évaluer l’« alignement » de chaque actif, les banques centrales pourraient chercher à ce que les pools de collatéral mobilisés par chaque contrepartie soient compatibles avec des objectifs climatiques, cette approche allant moins à l’encontre du principe de neutralité de marché. Notre analyse montre qu’en agrégé, les actifs négociables éligibles et mobilisés au sein du cadre de collatéral de l’Eurosystème ne sont pas « alignés » avec les objectifs climatiques de l’Union européenne, ce qui suggère qu’ils sont exposés aux risques de transition. Nous présentons quelques implications pratiques de nos résultats et suggérons des pistes pour de futures études. Classification JEL  : D81, E52, E58, G32, Q54.
Identification des vulnérabilités à la transition induites par la demande : application d’une approche systémique à l’Afrique du Sud
Authors: Godin Antoine , Hadji-Lazaro Paul
Published: April 2022

Lors de l’évaluation des conséquences économiques d’une transition vers une économie bas carbone, il peut sembler raisonnable de se concentrer sur les secteurs utilisant des technologies à forte intensité carbone. Nous montrons cependant dans cette étude que les secteurs non émetteurs pourraient aussi être vulnérables aux conséquences réelles et financières de la transition. Pour ce faire, nous développons une méthodologie simple procédant de la comptabilité nationale et financière qui combine des tableaux entrées-sorties (TES) à des données financières sectorielles afin d’évaluer systématiquement l’exposition et la sensibilité financière de tous les secteurs à des chocs de transition dans le cas de l’Afrique du Sud. Nous soulignons la manière dont la nature du choc de demande, la position dans la structure de production, les caractéristiques de la chaîne de valeur et les conditions financières initiales, une fois combinées, déterminent l’amplitude des impacts sur les différents secteurs et leurs équilibres financiers. Dans le cas de l’Afrique du Sud et pour les deux chocs étudiés (sur les secteurs du charbon et de l’automobile), nous constatons que les fabricants de matières premières, les secteurs de l’électricité, du gaz et de l’eau, ainsi que les prestataires de services financiers sont exposés et sensibles aux dynamiques de transition. Nos résultats soulignent l’importance de prendre en compte les émissions des secteurs scope 3 (en particulier en aval) lors des évaluations d’impact et appellent à des analyses systémiques des conséquences économiques de la transition écologique. Classification JEL  : C67, Q56, Q57.
Physical performance among post-COVID and non-COVID individuals: a comparative study
Authors: Ahmed R. , Khan S.A. , Quddus N. , Saher T. , Fatima N.
Published: April 2022

In this comparative cross-sectional study, we compare the physical performance among post-COVID and non-COVID subjects. A sample of 64 subjects recovered from COVID-19 and 64 subjects who were not infected with COVID-19 were recruited for the study. Both groups were tested for physical performance by 30-s sit-to-stand test, 6-min walk test, and HUMAC balance system. The findings of the present study reveal that there was a significant difference in physical performance between both the groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that physical performance is impaired in the post-COVID subjects as compared to the matched non-COVID subjects. Therefore, physical therapy exercise program/regimen should be a part of recovery from COVID-19.
Product evaluation through multi-criteria decision making based on fuzzy parameterized Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft expert set
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad , Alburaikan Alhanouf , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed
Published: April 2022

In many real-world decision-making situations, uncertain nature of parameters is to be discussed to have unbiased and reliable decisions. Most of the existing literature on fuzzy soft set and its related structures ignored the uncertain parametric attitudes. The concept of fuzzy parameterization is launched to tackle the limitations of existing soft set-like models. Several extensions have already been introduced by using the concept of fuzzy parameterization. In this research, a novel extension, fuzzy parameterized Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft expert set is aimed to be characterized. This model is more flexible and reliable as compared to existing models because it addresses their insufficiencies for the consideration of multi-argument approximate function. With the entitlement of this function, it tackles the real-life scenarios where each attribute is meant to be further classified into its respective sub-attribute valued disjoint set. The characterization of fuzzy parameterized Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft expert set is accomplished by employing theoretic, axiomatic and algorithmic approaches. In order to validate the proposed model, an algorithm is proposed to study its role in decision-making while dealing with real-world problem. Moreover, the proposed model is compared with the most relevant existing models to assess its advantageous aspects.
Recognition of bovine milk somatic cells based on multi-feature extraction and a GBDT-AdaBoost fusion model
Authors: Bai Jie , Xue Heru , Jiang Xinhua , Zhou Yanqing
Published: April 2022

Traditional laboratory microscopy for identifying bovine milk somatic cells is subjective, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. The accuracy of the recognition directly through a single classifier is low. In this paper, a novel algorithm that combined the feature extraction algorithm and fusion classification model was proposed to identify the somatic cells. First, 392 cell images from four types of bovine milk somatic cells dataset were trained and tested. Secondly, filtering and the K-means method were used to preprocess and segment the images. Thirdly, the color, morphological, and texture features of the four types of cells were extracted, totaling 100 features. Finally, the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)-AdaBoost fusion model was proposed. For the GBDT classifier, the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) was used as the weak classifier. The decision tree (DT) was used as the weak classifier of the AdaBoost classifier. The results showed that the average recognition accuracy of the GBDT-AdaBoost reached 98.0%. At the same time, that of random forest (RF), extremely randomized tree (ET), DT, and LightGBM was 79.9, 71.1, 67.3 and 77.2%, respectively. The recall rate of the GBDT-AdaBoost model was the best performance on all types of cells. The F1-Score of the GBDT-AdaBoost model was also better than the results of any single classifiers. The proposed algorithm can effectively recognize the image of bovine milk somatic cells. Moreover, it may provide a reference for recognizing bovine milk somatic cells with similar shape size characteristics and is difficult to distinguish.
Los marcadores microsatélite revelan la reestructuración genética de Medicago sinskiae (Fabaceae) en el oeste y el sudoeste de Irán
Authors: Zareei Raha , Small Ernest , Assadi Mostafa , Mehregan Iraj
Published: April 2022

Medicago sinskiae es considerada una especie rara en la flora iraní con únicamente unas pocas citas en las tres últimas décadas. Se han muestreado ocho poblaciones (62 individuos) de M. sinskiae, una población de M. rigidula (siete individuos) y una población de M. constricta (cinco individuos) en el oeste y el suroeste de Irán que han sido analizadas con marcadores microsatélite. Se han utilizado nuevos primers obtenidos con tecnología NGS. Los análisis de PCoA, Clustering y Structure no muestran un patrón geográfico para los clústeres genéticos. Los resultados muestran que M. sinskiae es principalmente una especie autógama. Se asume que los altos niveles de flujo genético (Nm) y la homogeneidad genética poblacional están afectados por una rápida dispersión y un flujo genético no localizado. Recolecciones extensivas realizadas recientemente en el oeste y el suroeste de Iran muestran que el rango de distribución esta especie se está incrementando. Finalmente, nuestros resultados indican que M. sinskiae está diferenciada de las especies M. rigidula y M. constricta en Irán.
Using Margalef’s vision to understand the current aquatic microbial ecology
Authors: Borrero-Santiago Ana Rocio , Dellisanti Walter , Sánchez-Quinto Andrés , Moreno-Andrés Javier , Nemoy Philip , Richa Kumari , Valdespino-Castillo Patricia Margarita , Diaz-de-Quijano Daniel , Ontiveros Vicente J. , Fontana Simone , Giner Caterina R. , Sanz-Sáez Isabel , Mestre Mireia
Published: April 2022

Ramon Margalef was a pioneering scientist who introduced an interdisciplinary approach to ecological studies. His studies were among the first to incorporate various concepts in the literature of aquatic ecology, covering topics such as organisms, ecosystem interactions and evolution. To bring Margalef’s approach into current scientific studies, in this review we explore his vision of aquatic ecology within four interrelated fields of study: ecological theory, microbial diversity, biogeochemical cycles and global environmental changes. Taking inspiration from his studies, we analyse current scientific challenges and propose an integrated approach, considering the unifying concept of Margalef’s Mandala with the aim of improving future studies on aquatic microbial ecology.
Relationship between Results of Tensile Test of FRCM Composites and the Fiber-Matrix Bond Properties
Authors: Focacci Francesco , D'Antino Tommaso , Carloni Christian
Published: April 2022

The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are derived from tensile tests of composite coupons and shear tests of composite strips bonded to the substrate. Different test set-ups are used for tensile coupons, which lead to different tensile responses depending on the mechanical properties of the matrix and bond properties of the fiber-matrix interface. Direct shear tests are employed to study the stress-transfer between the composite and the substrate onto which the composite is bonded. These tests can be employed to obtain the cohesive material law (CML) that describes the bond behavior at various interfaces, such as the matrix-substrate, matrix-matrix, and fiber-matrix interface. In this paper, the cohesive material law associated with the fiber-matrix interface of a polyparaphenylene benzo-bisoxazole (PBO) FRCM composite is employed in an analytical model to reproduce the tensile response of the FRCM composite, when the fibers are gripped directly. The results of the model are compared with corresponding experimental results of tensile tests of the same FRCM composite employed to calibrate the CML. The experimental work includes digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the cracking process. A comparison between the analytical and the experimental results is performed in terms of load response focusing on the coupon deformation and opening of the cracks.
Durability of Polyurethane Matrix in Composite Strengthening for Masonry
Authors: Kwiecień Konrad , Kwiecień Arkadiusz , Stryszewska Teresa , Szumera Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Earthquakes are highly dangerous for all masonry structures, as they force high deformations that brittle building materials cannot withstand. The solution to such problems may be the use of flexible polyurethane-based technologies (composite strengthening, adhesives etc.). On the other hand, these technologies are relatively new and demand experimental prove, whether they would not lose their properties after being subjected to environmental conditions i.e. temperature fluctuations, humidity, chemically aggressive mortars, solar radiation etc. Herein, we discuss the aspect of durability of Sika PS polyurethane – the polymer used as both composite matrix and an adhesive in flexible protective technologies for masonry.
Efficiency of Strengthening Interventions on Stone Masonry Panels through Grout Injection and FRCM
Authors: Ferretti Francesca , Incerti Andrea , Mazzotti Claudio
Published: April 2022

Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrices (FRCM) represent a very efficient strengthening solution for the retrofitting of masonry structures. When dealing with stone masonry walls, the use of these composite materials is usually combined with grout injection, which can be crucial to ensure a monolithic behavior of the structural element. The objective of this research was the study of the shear behavior of stone masonry samples subject to grout injection and strengthened by two different FRCM systems. Nevertheless, on few samples, grout injection only was performed. Before the execution of the diagonal compression tests, sonic tests were conducted with the objective of evaluating the quality of the grout injection. The Digital Image Correlation technique was also adopted to accurately measure the thickness of the FRCM layers, which can be variable according to the irregular surface of the stone masonry. The results of the experimental campaign showed that the correct execution of the grout injection is crucial for the strengthening solution to be effective since the efficiency of the FRCM system can be reduced if a monolithic behavior of the stone masonry panels is not ensured. The application of the FRCM strengthening system could influence the failure mode, further enhancing the capacity of the samples. Comparisons between the experimental results are presented in the paper.
Adhesion Analysis between Concrete Layers Generated by a 3D Printing
Authors: Bretini Alberto , Moro Sandro , Russo Salvatore
Published: April 2022

On 3DPC, the layers are made through a process where the cement mortar is extruded through a nozzle that follows a predetermined circuit. The classic method of formwork generates a uniform element, while 3D printing generates a non-homogeneous element. Such an innovative process offers new horizons to explore. One of these is the cohesion between the two printed layers and all their mechanical properties. The objective of this work is to study the shear action of two printed layers. To understand the mechanisms, the tested specimens were made in four different ways. The first using a formwork made for the occasion. The second way involves the creation of a printed specimen with a continuous printing path. The third has a time interval of about an hour between the second and third layer. The fourth also has an interval of one hour between the same layers with the addition of a special additive mortar used for the casting recovery. The results obtained reflect on the differences between different specimens and regulations. The differences between the specimens that are studied concern the single printed specimens, the formwork specimens and the printed ones. At a regulatory level, the results of the printed specimens are compared with the regulations concerning the same tests carried out on specimens made of masonry and mortar.
Design of FRCM Strengthened Masonry Walls Subjected to Out-of-Plane Loading According to CNR-DT 215: Discussion of the α Coefficient
Authors: D'Antino Tommaso , Calabrese Angelo Savio , Pisani Marco Andrea , Poggi Carlo
Published: April 2022

Fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are largely employed in Italy to improve the mechanical behavior of masonry members. Many different matrices and fiber textiles are available on the market, which entails for a large number of available composites, each with peculiar mechanical and physical properties. Among the possible applications, FRCM are often externally bonded to masonry walls to increase the wall shear capacity or to prevent possible wall out-of-plane failure. Up to date, only two guidelines are available for the design of FRCM strengthened masonry members, namely the American ACI 549.6R and the Italian CNR-DT 215. In the Italian guideline, the bending strength of an FRCM strengthened masonry wall is associated with the performance of the composite - which is investigated by FRCM coupon tensile tests and FRCM-masonry joint bond tests - through a cross-sectional equilibrium that assumes perfect bond among each material.In this paper, a database comprising 90 experimental tests on FRCM-strengthened masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loading is collated from the available literature. The experimental results are used to compute the composite effective strain, which is then compared with the corresponding composite maximum strain obtained by characterization tests according to the CNR-DT 215 procedure. The comparison sheds light on the role of coefficients employed in the analytical procedure and helps understanding the influence of the FRCM on the wall bending capacity.
Failure Modes of Masonry Pillars Strengthened with PBO Fibres
Authors: Wojcik Dawid , Raszczuk Krzysztof , Jasieńko Jerzy
Published: April 2022

The paper presents compression tests of stocky and slender masonry pillars strengthened in bed joints with PBO fibres and an inorganic matrix. Five stocky pillars and four slender pillars were tested under static loading. Physical models were prepared using lime mortar similar to that used in historical structures. Fibres were applied in the grooves that were made after the mortar setting period in order to recreate real-world conditions. One of the models was subjected to preloading before the strengthening was applied. The failure modes, load-bearing capacity, cracking stresses, stiffness and deformations (longitudinal and transverse) were all determined through experimental testing. Strengthening effectiveness in terms of the increase in load-bearing capacity and stiffness, as well as anti-cracking was determined on the basis of the experimental results. The results obtained for the stocky and slender pillars were also compared, indicating the influence of slenderness on strengthening effectiveness. Special attention was also paid to failure modes and the interaction of the PBO fibres with the bed joint. Methods that strengthen pillars in their bed joints using PBO fibres increase their load-bearing capacity, stiffness and cracking resistance, while maintaining a satisfactory visual appearance which is especially important in heritage structures.
A Simple and Low-Cost Numerical Model for FRP-Masonry Interface Behavior
Authors: Yuan Yu , Milani Gabriele
Published: April 2022

In recent years, strengthening with Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) has emerged as an effective way for the structural upgrading of masonry elements. In such typology of external reinforcement, the bond quality is crucial for the increase of the load bearing capacity. The bond efficacy beyond the elastic limit can be studied analytically or numerically via several different models, where the most important issue to tackle is the reproduction of the typical brittle behavior of the substrate. In this paper, a simple numerical approach which models FRP as elastic and lumps all non-linearity on the FRP/masonry interface is proposed. The non-linear behavior of such interface is modeled in a simplified but effective way integrating numerically the differential equations deduced from equilibrium and compatibility (once that a non-linear constitutive relationship between tangential stress and slip is assumed at the interface). Such integration is carried out by means of a particularly simple forward scheme that requires the estimation of the slip value and its derivatives on specific knot points. A comparison against existing literature indicated that the proposed numerical procedure can adequately reproduce global load-displacement curves in standard single lap shear tests, as well predict the local slip behavior.
On the Modelling of Salt Crystallization-Induced Damage in Layered Porous Materials
Authors: Castellazzi Giovanni , D'Altri Antonio Maria , de Miranda Stefano , Lo Presti Nicolò , Molari Luisa , Ubertini Francesco
Published: April 2022

In this contribution, the modelling of salt crystallization-induced damage in layered porous materials (such as masonry strengthened with composites, glazed earthenware, etc.) is addressed through a staggered multiphysics method. A staggered interchange of data is pursued between a multiphase model (crystallization pressure) and a macro-scale nonlinear mechanical model (material damage). Such method is preliminary applied to layered porous materials through a simple benchmark. Accordingly, the effects of layers with different properties on the crystallized salt distribution and damage pattern are highlighted.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical and Bond Properties of GFRP Anchors Adopted in FRCM-Masonry Strengthening
Authors: Calabrese Angelo Savio , D'Antino Tommaso , Colombi Pierluigi , Poggi Carlo
Published: April 2022

The strengthening and retrofitting of existing masonry built heritage has become an increasingly important issue in the last decades. Among the innovative solutions developed by the construction industry, the application of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites attracted a great interest, proving to be an easy, effective, and cost-efficient strengthening/retrofitting technique. FRCM composites were shown to be particularly suitable for applications on masonry due to the good compatibility between the composite inorganic matrix and the masonry substrate, which also promotes their durability.A crucial point for the effectiveness of externally bonded FRCM is the bond within the composite strip and between the composite and substrate. Indeed, composite debonding is the commonly observed failure mode. In order to improve the bond with the substrate, connectors (anchors) can be used to improve the bond capacity of the FRCM composite.In this paper, the mechanical and bond properties of a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) anchor spike, designed for FRCM strengthening, are investigated. First, tensile tests are performed to determine the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the anchor. Then, the anchor-masonry bond behavior is experimentally investigated using pull-out tests. Three different masonry substrates, namely a solid clay brick masonry, a tuff block masonry, and a stone masonry were adopted in the pull-out tests. The results show the influence of the substrate type on the anchor-masonry bond capacity and failure mode observed.
Preliminary Results on Natural Aging of GFRP-Reinforced Masonry Components Exposed to Outdoor Environmental Conditions
Authors: Ramirez Rafael , Ghiassi Bahman , Oliveira Daniel V. , Lourenço Paulo B.
Published: April 2022

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used for strengthening and repair of masonry structures since the 1990s. Although the short-term performance of such systems has been extensively studied, their durability and long-term behavior are still scarcely known. Therefore, a better understanding of the corresponding degradation mechanisms and durability issues is of major interest, especially in cases of externally bonded systems where the materials are prone to undergo a more severe decay. Different accelerated aging tests have been developed in order to simulate weathering conditions in a shorter time: water immersion, freeze-thaw, hygrothermal cycles, salt crystallization, UV radiation, etc. Nonetheless, accelerated aging data cannot be used to make reliable service life estimations without a clear correlation with real environmental processes. In this study, we present the preliminary results (3/12 years) of a real exposure experimental campaign devoted to analyzing the natural aging of masonry components reinforced with externally bonded glass fibers (GFRP). The aging conditions consist of: (a) direct outdoor exposure, i.e. outdoor hygrothermal variation + sun and rain; (b) indirect outdoor exposure, i.e. outdoor hygrothermal variation + sheltered from sun and rain; (c) laboratory conditions as control group. The specimens consist of solid extruded fired-clay bricks strengthened with unidirectional GFRP sheets following the wet lay-up procedure. The aging effects on bond performance are studied by means of single-lap shear tests. Finally, the effect of brick surface treatment and the application of an external render on bond durability is investigated.
Masonry Vaults Reinforcement with FRCM-PBO: Conservative and Structural Issues
Authors: Ferrari Lia , Melegari Luca
Published: April 2022

Historic masonry buildings are complex structures whose behavior is strongly affected by the quality of materials, by traditional constructive techniques and by alterations occurred over centuries. Therefore, it is important to deepen the knowledge of existing buildings in order to identify potential vulnerabilities and to define suitable reinforcing interventions. In order to properly deal with cultural heritage criteria these interventions must satisfy not only the structural requirements but also the conservative issues. In this regard, each retrofitting intervention should be planned according to the specific case, acknowledging all the peculiar features that should lead to the definition of a proper reinforcing solution. Consequently, it is not possible to uncritically apply a generic reinforcing system given by manuals in compliance with standard typologies of traditional architectural elements.In this paper several case studies located in Parma (Italy) will be presented in order to highlight the need of a critical approach based on a deep knowledge of existing buildings. In particular, the given examples are focused on strengthening interventions carried out on vaulted structures. Sometimes composites proved to be one of the most effective reinforcing solutions for these masonry elements, allowing to improve the structural strength without increasing its stiffness. The strengthening intervention, designed according to both structural and conservative issues, definitely proved that a critical awareness is fundamental for a positive contribution of non-traditional techniques – such as composites – applied to traditional masonry structures.
Shear Transfer Mechanisms of FRCM-Masonry Systems: A Critical Analysis of an Extended Database
Authors: Nerilli Francesca , Ferracuti Barbara
Published: April 2022

In the context of the mechanical behaviour of FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) composites as strengthening materials for masonry structures, an important issue is the evaluation of the shear transfer mechanisms between the FRCM material and the masonry. In this work a wide database of more than 500 experimental results of shear bond tests on FRCM-masonry specimens is collected. The data concern specimens made with different masonry supports and various FRCM materials. The data are subdivided into homogeneous classes. The occurrence of the different failure modes is studied and some considerations are assessed. Furthermore, the average peak shear stress and its variability is evaluated and a critical analysis is performed. Finally, a comparison among the failure tensile stress in the yarns obtained by i) the tensile tests on the dry textile meshes, by ii) the tensile tests on the FRCM specimens, and by iii) the bond tests on FRCM-masonry panel is provided.
A Review on In vitro Propagation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Ln.)
Authors: Bandara M. M. N. T. , Dahanayake N. , Subasinghe S. , Perera P. C. D.
Published: April 2022

Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is an important medicinal and spice crop which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Rhizomes are the commercially valuable part of the plant, commonly used as planting material in conventional propagation. Normally large portion (20-25%) of good quality rhizomes must be allocated as planting materials from the fresh harvest. Higher susceptibility to soil borne diseases is also a problem in using rhizomes as planting materials. Therefore, development of novel propagation techniques is important. The in vitro propagation has been considered as an effective alternative method for rapid regeneration of turmeric. Based on the above facts it is important to review the in-vitro propagation studies conducted in worldwide in order to identify best in-vitro propagation protocol suitable for local condition. In this regard, explant sterilization is a crucial factor; 70% ethanol, Carbendazim (fungicide), mercuric chloride and Clorox (commercial bleach) are mainly used to sterilize sprouting rhizome buds. Hormones such as BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), BA (Benzyl Adenine), Kn (Kinetin) alone or in combination with NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) or IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) are commonly used in shoot multiplication as they play a vital role in bud production (2.0-4.0 mg/l of BAP were found as best hormone concentrations for shoot initiation). Roots were mainly induced by auxins like IBA (Indole Butyric Acid), IAA and NAA (2.0mg/l IBA). When acclimatization was done properly with Sand: Soil: Peat (1:1:1) combination as the potting media 70-90% of survival rate could be observed from regenerated plantlets.
La pastorale sanitaria
Authors: Fiori Angelo , Sgreccia Elio
Published: April 2022

Non disponibile
Comunità cristiana e pastorale sanitaria
Authors: Maritano Livio
Published: April 2022

Per la sua natura fondamentale, la chiesa è chiamata a rivolgere la sua attenzione pastorale a tutti gli ambiti nei quali l'uomo opera e vive. L'ambito sanitario è certamente uno di questi, sia per la presenza numerosa di operatori, sia soprattutto perché al centro vi sono le persone malate e sofferenti. Nelle parole di un vescovo, come è l'autore, viene richiamata qui l'urgenza di una autentica pastorale sanitaria: essa trova la sua ragion d'essere anzitutto per lo stato di bisogno in cui si trovano i fratelli sofferenti, bisogno al quale una comunità cristiana matura deve essere in grado di rispondere; in secondo luogo, la comunità deve annunciare al cristiano la vocazione particolare inerente allo stato di malattia e accompagnarlo con il doveroso sostegno a corrispondere a tale chiamata. Tale necessità è stata recentemente espressa nel documento La pastorale della salute nella chiesa italiana, a cura della Consulta CEI per la pastorale della salute, i cui punti essenziali vengono qui ripercorsi dall'autore.
La pastorale della salute nella chiesa italiana
Authors: Brusco Angelo
Published: April 2022

La recente pubblicazione di un documento sulla pastorale della salute da parte della CEI offre l'occasione di vedere a che punto si trovi questo settore della presenza e dell'azione della chiesa italiana. Nelle "linee di pastorale sanitaria" confluiscono, uniti in armoniosa sintesi, gli elementi innovativi maturati nel periodo post-conciliare. Si auspica una pastorale sanitaria più organica, pluridimensionale e più partecipativa. Di tutti i soggetti della pastorale vengono delineati i compiti, tenendo conto delle indicazioni ecclesiologiche più recenti e dei frutti dell'esperienza pastorale degli ultimi decenni. Alla luce di questo documento, la prossimità del malato, compito di sempre, acquisisce nuove forme che mirano a migliorare l'assistenza agli infermi non solo attraverso un'azione diretta, ma anche attraverso una giusta influenza sulle istanze socio-politiche del paese.