bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treinamento de consciência fonológica para pessoas com necessidade educacionais especiais no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ferreira Layse Maria dos Santos , Bandini Carmen Silvia Motta , Bandini Heloisa Helena Motta
Published: April 2021

O desempenho dos alunos brasileiros em leitura e escrita, tanto com desenvolvimento típico, quanto atípico, está muito abaixo do esperado e diferentes fatores  vêm sendo levantados como causa para esse fracasso. Dos fatores em questão, dois vêm sendo debatidos: 1) alguns alunos necessitam de condições educacionais especiais não oferecidas nas escolas, por apresentarem transtornos do desenvolvimento, alterações neurológicas, deficiência auditiva ou síndromes que afetam a capacidade de aprendizagem e 2) a metodologia adotada pelas escolas não leva em consideração que as habilidades de consciência fonológica (CF), instrução fônica, vocabulário e memória operacional são essenciais para o processo de alfabetização. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo mapear e analisar as pesquisas interventivas que visavam ensinar CF para pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais, realizadas no Brasil. Como resultado, integraram essa revisão 27 estudos publicados de 2007 a 2018, sendo que 13 realizaram intervenções com indivíduos com dificuldade de aprendizagem, 4 com deficiência intelectual, 2 com dislexia, 2 com paralisia cerebral, 3 com Síndrome de Down, 1 com Síndrome de Down concomitante a síndrome de Willams, 1 com crianças surdas e 1 deficientes auditivas. Como pode ser visto, poucos foram os estudos encontrados se considerada a variedade de características das populações estudadas e a demanda de programas de pós-graduação nas áreas de educação, ensino e psicologia existentes no país.
O ensino de ciências da vida e da natureza aos surdos: o que dizem importantes periódicos da área a respeito?
Authors: Silveira Júnior Célio da , Valadares Juarez Melgaço , Guimarães Reginaldo Silva
Published: April 2021

Há uma série de necessidades a serem atendidas para uma efetiva inclusão escolar dos surdos, em especial no que se refere às ciências da vida e da natureza. Uma delas diz respeito à construção e desenvolvimento de estratégias metodológicas adequadas para o ensino de estudantes surdos. Para se ter um panorama das produções recentes envolvendo o ensino de ciências a estudantes surdos, este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear as publicações feitas nos últimos 5 anos em alguns dos importantes periódicos da área de ensino e/ou de educação em ciências da vida e da natureza. Os resultados apontaram para o baixo número de publicações a tratar do ensino de ciências para estudantes surdos. Duas hipóteses são sugeridas para a discussão desse contexto. Uma delas seria a de que esses trabalhos têm sido publicados em quantidades e qualidades significativas sob outros formatos ou em outros periódicos. Outra hipótese, mais preocupante, é a de que esses trabalhos realmente não têm sido desenvolvidos e publicados, apesar da importância que eles teriam para a inclusão escolar dos surdos em relação à educação em ciências.
Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem e Tecnologias Digitais na Educação Matemática Inclusiva
Authors: Fiatcoski Daiana Aparecida Stresser , Góes Anderson Roges Teixeira
Published: April 2021

Este estudo verifica indícios do Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA) presentes no uso de Tecnologias Digitais (TDs) na Educação Matemática Inclusiva. Para tanto, são analisadas pesquisas publicadas em duas edições do Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática: 2016 e 2019; evento que congrega maior número de pesquisadores e professores da área de Matemática no Brasil. Ao analisar os trabalhos publicados em tal evento, busca-se responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Como as TDs estão sendo utilizadas na Educação Matemática Inclusiva? É possível verificar a perspectiva do DUA ao utilizar as TDs na Educação Matemática Inclusiva? Com a metodologia adotada, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, emergem quatro temáticas: uso de tecnologias analógica e digital; uso de softwares e/ou aplicativos; uso de Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem; e uso de videoaula e vídeos instrutivos. Pelas análises é possível concluir que a inclusão escolar está em processo, envolvendo pesquisadores e professores no desenvolvimento de tecnologias digitais ou analógicas. Ainda, as análises revelam que é tímida a presença do DUA na Educação Matemática Inclusiva.
Adaptação curricular no Ensino de Ciências: reflexões de professores de escolas inclusivas
Authors: Bereta Mônica Silveira , Geller Marlise
Published: April 2021

Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um crescente aumento no número de matrículas de estudantes com deficiência, principalmente nas escolas públicas regulares de todo o Brasil. Esses alunos têm seus direitos assegurados por lei, devendo ter acesso à escola com uma educação de qualidade juntamente com seus colegas. Sustentada neste entendimento, o presente artigo é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado desenvolvida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, que objetivou refletir sobre a adaptação curricular no ensino de Ciências, na perspectiva da educação inclusiva. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como proposta um curso a professores que ensinam Ciências no município de Gravataí-RS e os dados, que emergiram da interação dos participantes ao longo do curso, foram analisados inspirados nas premissas da análise descritiva interpretativa. A pesquisa aponta indícios de que dentro da proposta de uma escola inclusiva, a adaptação curricular é uma estratégia importante para que os estudantes tenham acesso aos conhecimentos científicos. Entretanto, os professores necessitam aprofundar discussões sobre a temática para realizar ajustes nos conteúdos do currículo.
Economic and geographical approach to the assessment of trade flows for border region
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Voloshenko K. Yu. , Novikova A. A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University; Kaliningrad State Technical University
Published: April 2021

The article offers the solution to the urgent scientific and practical problem of geography assessment of trade flows of a region in the forecast calculations. The growing influence of changes in the external environment on the development of regions (including geopolitical processes, sanctions restrictions of countries on the movement of goods, pandemics COVID-19, etc.) has heightened the need for such research. Furthermore, the implementation of well-known models of economic growth oriented to import substitution and the increase in export potential is still lacking. The importance of ensuring economic security is increasing. The example of the exclave Kaliningrad region is used to discuss the development of a methodological approach to the analysis of trade flows in the region, considering their geographical distribution. The border position is the one most related to the production of a significant number of internal and external trade flows that are crucial to the region‘s performance. The fact that it is the border position that is most connected with the production of a significant number of internal and external trade flows that are important for the functioning of the region defined the object of study. The authors have developed algorithms for estimating trade flows by types and directions, links with domestic production and final consumption. For each group of trade flows the analysis of value and quantity indicators is extended by determination of their geographical identity. This provides a systematic representation both of the economic assessment of the processes in the region and the degree to which their geography is consistent with the achievement of the greatest efficiency. On this basis, well-known regional models are completed by incorporating scenario calculations of changes in trade flows by economic and geographical criterion. This enables analysis of options for the geographical distribution of trade flows to ensure growth in macroeconomic indicators and the development of regional production.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volume and spatial breakdown of tourist flow in Finland and Estonia in 2020
Authors:   Pskov State University, Ivanov I.A. , Golomidova E.S. , Terenina N.K. ,   Administration of Pskov,   Pskov State University
Published: April 2021

Nowadays international tourism is among the sectors of the world economy most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify differences in the dynamics of tourist flow in Finland and Estonia during the first eight months of 2020 compared to 2019, as well as changes in the structure of incoming tourist flow to these countries. Particular interest in studying the tourist flows of Finland and Estonia is due to the fact that over the past two decades they have been among the top ten countries in the world in terms of outbound tourism of Russians, as well as among the leaders in this indicator among the EU States, which is directly related to their neighboring position with Russia. Tourism in Estonia and Finland experienced a rather difficult period of spring quarantine, and its recovery in the summer began with domestic tourism. There has also been an increase in the incoming tourist flow. At the same time, the best dynamics were demonstrated by the tourist flow from neighboring countries of the European Union, the border with which was partially opened for tourists in the summer of 2020. Adjacent territories of neighboring countries are the part of the cross-border tourist and recreational regions, within which tourist flows were restored faster than tourist exchange with other, geographically more remote States. This conclusion gives hope for a fairly rapid recovery of cross-border tourist exchange between Russia and neighboring countries after the “opening” of borders at the end of the pandemic.
Regional analysis of differentiation in air pollution from manufacturing at the post-Soviet territories
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bityukova V.R. , Shimunova A.A. ,   Department of cartography and geoinformation systems Kazgeoinform
Published: April 2021

The article considers the dynamics of air emissions in 12 post-Soviet countries by region depending on the dynamics of GDP (GRP), the volume and structure of industrial production, changes in the structure of the fuel balance and energy intensity. During the crisis of the 1990s, pollution decreased in all countries and most regions, but at a slower rate than production, and as a result, specific emissions increased due to the greater resilience of the most “dirty” industries to the crisis. Pollution in the largest countries was the most persistent, and within countries in the largest emission regions. During the growth period, there was an increase in emissions in the regions of hydrocarbon production. Regional differences in emissions are mainly due to industrial production for Russia and Ukraine, with high consistency between production and pollution trends. In Ukraine, the decline in production in the Eastern regions has led to a shift in pollution to areas of population concentration. In Kazakhstan, the territorial structure of emissions is determined by the volume of coal-fired power generation and the location of energy- intensive industries. In the post-Soviet space, inherited development factors determine pollution from the energy sector, where outdated funds and the structure of the fuel balance have been preserved to the greatest extent. Large industrial regions tend to stabilize their emissions, while small regions either reduce their emissions or increase them.
Conceptual analysis of tourism sector within global epidemic crisis
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Koshcheev D.A. , Isopeskul O.Yu. ,   Higher School of Economics
Published: April 2021

The present investigation provides one of the first complex attempts to analyze new burgeoning part of theory, that illustrates changes in tourism sector daily within global epidemic crisis. Drawing from system and criterion approach we realized theoretical analyses of the conceptual space mentioned. The analyses mentioned showed preconditions of the considering theoretical space and illustrated the main features of its development within Russian and English academic discourses. Within each of the mentioned discourses we identified some dominating types of academic papers and a number of the most widespread topics. Basing on the analysis mentioned, we described two key investigation strategies “Eastern” and “Western” ones, which differ in general investigation logic that they are based on. The theoretical analysis showed that the question of tourism sector functioning within the pandemic (on the business process level) has not been deeply investigated yet. The key reason for it is the early stage of theorizing on the topic mentioned. At this stage investigations are often not systematic and are not coherent enough. To overcome theselimitation we suggested a model of empirical analysis of tourism sector within pandemic. In the future this model will form theoretical and methodological basis for creating effective tourism sector supporting systems for the cases of global epidemic crisis.
Effects of application of Intelligence-Led Policing in prevention and suppression of the criminal offense of robbery in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Racić Ilija
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to scientifically describe the effects of Intelligence - Led Policing as a strategic way of managing police affairs in preventing and combating the crime of robbery under Article 206 of the Criminal Code in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted as a theoretical one and general scientific and logical methods were used in its realization. The effects of the application of the Intelligence - Led Policing have not been analyzed so far in the national scientific and professional literature, and the paper presents the results of the research, which focus on the philosophy and effects of the application of the model, including the importance of operational management and criminal intelligence in crime prevention acts of robbery in the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research concluded that, unlike traditional models of police work, the application of the Intelligence - Led Policing contributed to the reduction of the number of robberies committed under Article 206 of the Criminal Code, as indicated by statistical data for 2018 (compared to 2017, decreased by 16.85%) and 2019 (compared to 2018, decreased by 24.2%). The effects of the application of the model are evident in large urban areas, where out of the total number, only 40% of robbery crimes were committed in the city of Belgrade alone, and whose trend in 2019 showed decrease of 36.5%.
On psychoanalysis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rakić-Glišić Vida
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming unfortunately traumatic for many, which is especially what authors from the USA and Israel are writing about, and which often manifests itself in our country, faced us on a personal and collective level with the crisis as a chance and a challenge for the emergence and deepening of awareness of basic values in life, for the emergence and deepening of a sense of gratitude for the basic things we have in life, but also for the analytical processing of earlier and the earliest personal and collective traumas that the actual trauma brought to the surface and allowed us to approach them. Commitment to working with patients means keeping our mental world and the mental world of our patients working together all the time, even before, after and during turbulences. That work involves discovering the patient's life force because, especially in a critical, crisis, stressful age, the role of creativity is essential. The psychotherapist's creativity also changes under the influence of the pandemic, as does his / her ability to trigger his / her own anxieties and fear of death. Therefore now, during this crisis, we are giving to the unconscious its place more than ever. It is important that we all the time maintain and nurture listening to the unconscious with our patients. This is a basic principle in the face of trauma, and the current pandemic provides a chance to relive all the trauma.
Communicating the results of psychological testing to adolescents: When, how and why?
Authors: Vučinić-Latas Dušanka
Published: April 2021

The traditional process of psychological assessment involves an approach in which the diagnostician is focused on gathering relevant information about the subject using a standard test battery, which aims to assess key aspects of the subject's functioning. Modern tendencies indicate that there is a potentially constructive modification of the paradigm of work of a clinical psychologist/psychotherapist employed in a health institution with the daily task of psychodiagnostic assessment. Potential change of the way of working is actually moving the approach from "information-oriented" to "change-oriented" whose essential premise is that the clinical psychologist uses the test situation and the tests as a situation during the psychodiagnostic application of instruments in which the respondent can gain new psychological insights. Events that occur "Here and now" in the test situation and the use of test material as a "provocateur" of maladaptive mechanisms of feelings, opinions and behaviour can lead to therapeutic change. In this approach some elements of the therapeutic-collaborative approach can be used during the psychodiagnostic process, with special reference to the specifics of the adolescent population.
Summer thermal comfort in Russian big cities (1966-2015)
Authors: Konstantinov Pavel , Tattimbetova Diana , Varentsov Mikhail , Shartova Natalia
Published: April 2021

The main goal of the study is the assessment of modern bioclimatic conditions (1966-2015) for determining the level of comfort in large Russian cities based on the observations at the meteorological stations, including Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) for the main extent of thermal comfort. According to the distribution of thermal stress events (calculated for meteorological fix hours, 8 times per day) the authors created the comfort diagram for each city during daytime heat wave period and evaluated their comfort conditions. In the current research we are operating with WMO climatic data for eleven biggest cities of the Russian Federation: from the European part (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Voronezh, Volgograd, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Ufa) and from Siberia (Omsk and Krasnoyarsk). The most interesting result of the comparison of the long-period (50 years) urban trends (PET-index and Air Temperature) in different parts of Russia is its extraordinary cross-shaped form in Moscow (in other cities the trends lines are practically parallel to each other). It means that at the level of the average annual values, only in Moscow the PET index (and, hence, potentially the thermal stress) grows faster than the regional climate warms. In other cities this tendency is much weaker (N.Novgorod) or not significant. This interesting tendency is caused by both Moscow related urban planning dynamics in post-USSR period and by regional climate dynamics.
Mechanisms associated with September to November (SON) rainfall over Uganda during the recent decades
Authors: Ngoma Hamida , Wen Wang , Ayugi Brian , Karim Rizwan , Kisesa Makula
Published: April 2021

This study revisits teleconnections associated with the anomalous events of September to November (SON) rainfall over Uganda during 1981-2019, owing to the recent intensification of extreme events. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), Composite and Correlation analysis are employed to examine the variability of SON rainfall over the study domain and associated circulations anomalies. The first EOF mode (dominant mode) displays a positive monopole pattern and explains 67.2% of the variance. The results revealed that SON rainfall is largely influenced by a Walker circulation mode over the Indian Ocean, whereby, wet events are associated with an ascending limb of the Walker circulation on the western part of the Indian Ocean characterized by convergence at low levels and divergence at upper level. The study showed that SON rainfall is positively (negatively) correlated with Indian Ocean (Atlantic Ocean) sea surface temperatures (SST). Furthermore, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events have impact on SON rainfall with strong positive correlation, whereas Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) revealed negative correlation. The results also reveal that there is a lag in ENSO and IOD episodes during wet/dry events over the region. ENSO and IOD also tend to extend the rainfall season of SON and thus study of extreme events may not be well captured by studies focusing on SON. Future studies might consider the season of October to December or December to February. These phenomena need to be closely monitored and considered when making seasonal forecasts.
The influence of expedited fabrication rate, unreliable machines, scrap, and rework on the production runtime decision in a vendor-buyer coordinated environment
Authors: Chiu Yuan-Shyi , Wang Yunsen , Chiu Tiffany , Sung Peng-Cheng
Published: April 2021

Transnational manufacturing firms operate in highly competitive marketplaces. This means that they are continuously seeking ways to reduce order response and fabrication cycle times, maintain the desired product quality, manage unanticipated machine failures, and provide timely delivery to effectively minimize overall operating cost and maintain a competitive advantage over their intra-supply chains. To assist firms in achieving these operational goals, we examine a buyer-vendor coordinated system with an expedited fabrication rate, unreliable machines, scrap, and rework, with the objective of minimizing the overall operating costs. An imperfect manufacturing process is assumed, which arbitrarily produces repairable and scrap items, with the latter being reworked in each fabrication cycle. Additionally, the process is subject to a Poisson-distributed machine breakdown. The corrective action is undertaken immediately when the machine fails, and the production of unfinished/interrupted lot resumes when the process is restored. The expedited fabrication rate option is used at an extra cost to reduce the cycle length. We built a fabrication-shipment model to characterize the problem's features explicitly. Mathematical and optimization approaches assist us in determining the optimal fabrication runtime policy. A numerical example illustrates the capability/applicability of our outcomes. Furthermore, it exposes a diverse set of information relating to the collective/individual effect of differences in the expedited rates, mean-time-to-breakdown, frequency of shipment, and rework/disposal rates of defective items on the optimal policy, utilization, total operating cost, and various cost contributors. This information can contribute to facilitating better decision-making.
La estrategia de contenidos en YouTube de los principales anunciantes españoles
Authors: Castelló-Martínez Araceli , Barrilero-Carpio Cecilia
Published: April 2021

Purpose: YouTube has become one of the most profitable spaces when it comes to making advertising investments and attracting increasingly young audiences, of great interest to brands. The objectives of the research are to study the use that Spanish advertisers make of their channel on YouTube and identify common features in the content they publish on this platform.

Desing / Methodology / Approach: A descriptive study is carried out, using as a methodological tool the qualitative analysis of content. The sample consists of the 1,029 videos posted on YouTube in 2019 by the top ten Spanish advertisers by investment volume in 2019, according to InfoAdex (2020). From nine research questions, variables relating to four dimensions are analyzed: presence, audience, interaction and discourse.

Results: Nine of the ten brands have a YouTube channel. Although the channels of El Corte Inglés, Orange and Telefónica are the ones that make the most publications, L’Oréal’s is the one that gets the most interactions. The most common YouTube content format among major Spanish companies is branded content, especially information/education, followed by short spot and corporate videos.

Limitations / Implications: The limitations of the study lie in the diversity of sectors of the brands analyzed, a circumstance that influences the results, and the wide variability in terms of the publication of content on YouTube by the brands.

Originality / Contribution: The value of the study lies in the sample size. The results show that the content strategy of these brands needs greater definition, being in a state of intermediate development, with few publications, irregular publication periodicity and little adaptation of content to the particularities of the channel, which detracts from creativity to publications.
TikTok medio de divulgación empleado por los viajeros que realizan turismo sostenible
Authors: Herrera Pérez Ariana Paola
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The dissemination of sustainable tourism and the travel market in general has benefited from the various social platforms. The User-Generated Content has become the most efficient mechanism for transmitting experiences of the destinations they visit. Therefore, the objective of this research is focused on analyzing and identifying the influence generated by TikTok as a means of disseminating the sector.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The first methodological phase is analytical, which explains the sociocultural context and the state of the question. Through, the most relevant topics of sustainable tourism, traveler experience, TikTok, short videos and the most used hashtags in the sector. The second methodological phase is qualitative, with an interpretive approach; The videos are analyzed with the following hashtags: #turismo, #turismosostenible, #tiktoktravel, #travel. In this section, an online search will be applied in user format, incorporating metrics such as number of likes, comments and shares.

Results: The results show that the TikTok platform generates a relevant impact on tourist diffusion with an emphasis on promoting sustainable tourism. The videos with the most relevant hashtags are the following: #turismo with 299.8 million views, #turismosostenible with a total of 101.6 thousand views, #tiktoktravel contains 20.1 million views and #travel with 27.3 million of visualizations. The use of this social network for tourism advertising gives it a productive turn, turning it into a powerful dissemination tool.

Limitations / Implications: It is considered appropriate to perform the analysis of TikTok metrics by country, because the implementation of the platform is developed at different levels by users and establishments. However, the social network at the moment has a single mechanism for analyzing the statistics and that is the analytics of the Pro accounts, which being private to the users, it is not possible to carry out a deep analysis of the metrics.

Originality / Contribution: The research is characterized by being a pioneer in the analysis of the impact of TikTok in the dissemination of sustainable tourism, by reviewing the short videos with the greatest impact of views related to the sector.
Mad by the Millions
Authors: Wu Harry Yi-Jui
Published: April 2021

The World Health Organization's post–World War II work on the epidemiology and classification of mental disorders and its vision of a “world psyche.”

In 1948, the World Health Organization began to prepare its social psychiatry project, which aimed to discover the epidemiology and arrive at a classification of mental disorders. In Mad by the Millions, Harry Y-Jui Wu examines the WHO's ambitious project, arguing that it was shaped by the postwar faith in technology and expertise and the universalizing vision of a “world psyche.” Wu shows that the WHO's idealized scientific internationalism laid the foundations for today's highly metricalized global mental health system.

Examining the interactions between the WHO and developing countries, Wu offers an analysis of the “transnationality” of mental health. He examines knowledge-sharing between the organization and African and Latin American collaborators, and looks in detail at the WHO's selection of a Taiwanese scientist, Tsung-yi Lin, to be its medical officer and head of the social psychiatry project. He discusses scientists' pursuit of standardization—not only to synchronize sectors in the organization but also to produce a common language of psychiatry—and how technological advances supported this. Wu considers why the optimism and idealism of the social psychiatry project turned to dissatisfaction, reappraising the WHO's early knowledge production modality through the concept of an “export processing zone.” Finally, he looks at the WHO's project in light of current debates over psychiatry and global mental health, as scientists shift their concerns from the creation of universal metrics to the importance of local matrixes.
Impact of Electrotherapy or Muscle Training on Quality of Life in Urinary Incontinence of Male Geriatric Population- A Protocol
Authors: Bele Ashish Wasudeorao , Qureshi Mohd Irshad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Urinary Incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine with social alienation, loss of sexual activity and other psychosocial issues which may affect the Quality of Life (QOL) and psychosocial well-being of patients. Electrotherapy may play an important role in the treatment of incontinence by means of stimulating the weakened structures which helps in control of micturition. Various electrotherapeutic currents including Faradic, Galvanic, Inferential Therapy (IFT), Russian currents along with the pelvic floor muscles strength training may be helpful in UI. Aim: To find the impact of electrotherapy or training of muscle on QOL in male geriatric population of incontinence of urine. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial will be carried out on geriatric male patients attending Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha as well as on patients from geriatric homes and nearby PHCs. They will be screened for UI. The participants will be divided into three groups each of which will receive Faradic stimulation, Russian current stimulation and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) exercises respectively. The study will be carried out between October 2020 to October 2022. The data will be collected and analysed utilising inferential and descriptive statistics by using Chi-Square test and student’s t-test (unpaired and paired) and software for analysis will be SPSS 22.0 version and Graph pad prism 6.0 version and level of significance will be considered as p<0.05 and results will be obtained. Conclusion: In male geriatric population, muscle strength training or electrotherapy can reduce urine incontinence.
Association between Lifestyle Factors and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders among People of Bangalore: A Case-control Study
Authors: Byakodi Jyoti Raghavendra , Krishnappa Pushpanjali
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The increase in prevalence of oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer in India is due to cultural, ethnic, geographic factors and varying lifestyle factors like consumption of tobacco, alcohol and standard of living. Some of the risk factors are modifiable and emphasises the need for detailed assessment of these modifiable risk factors and increasing awareness among general public and policy makers. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the association between lifestyle factors and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs). Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted where 154 cases and controls were selected from MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore and peripheral outreach centers of MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. Cases diagnosed as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria (1980) were included in the study group. Age and sex (1:1) matched controls without OPMDs were included in control group. The data was collected regarding socio-demographic factors, blood group and lifestyle factors using specially designed proforma. Chi-square test and odds ratio were utilised to association and strength of association between various lifestyle factors and development of OPMDs. Univariate logistic regression test was done followed by multiple logistic regression for identifying the risk factors. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. SPSS version 11.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 154 cases, 84 (54.5%) cases were leukoplakia, 2 (1.3%), cases were erythroplakia, 53 (34.4%) cases were OSMF and 15 (9.7%) cases were with multiple potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia+OSMF). In univariate analysis, OR for tobacco smoking in individuals who smoked more than 20 times a day was 2.56 (95% CL 1.19-5.5) compared to non-smokers, tobacco chewing who chewed more than 10 times a day was 43.03 (95% CL-17.2-107) in comparison to non-chewers and alcohol consumption who consumed alcohol daily was 3.2 (95% CL 0.6-16.3) in comparison to non-alcoholics. Following multiple logistic regression analysis occupation, smoking, chewing tobacco and vegetable intake was found to be statistically significant as independent risk factors p<0.05. Conclusion: Occupation, smoking, chewing tobacco and vegetable consumption were identified as independent risk factors for the development of OPMDs. Identifying the risk factors and OPMD at an early stage is important for prevention of oral cancer.
Dental Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Prajapati Aalap Sureshkumar
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) classified health care professionals and exposure risk to Coronavirus, identifying Dental Professionals in very high risk group due to specificity of dental procedures and instrumentations used. As per guidelines from relevant bodies to provide only emergency and urgent dental treatment has led majority of dental practice to stop, instilling apprehension in profession and fear in public. Aim: To narrate the experience from Department of Dentistry, on how to safely and effectively practice dentistry that would provide guidance to practicing dental professionals without major environment alteration and capital items requirement. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study from Department of Dentistry from May to August 2020, attached to a rural tertiary care medical teaching institute, following customised protocol after reviewing available guidelines in relation to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and dentistry. Data collection was done from Institutional Electronic Medical Record System for patients receiving dental treatment during the study period. It used descriptive narrative analysis to provide chronology of experiences for practicing dentistry as per various unlock phases declared by Government of India. Results: The Department of Dentistry was able to manage four Non-Aerosol Generating Procedures (Non-AGP), three Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGP) and eighteen Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) consultations on an average for a working day, from May to August 2020. During the tenure while providing dental care, none of the member of dental team was detected COVID positive. The result was achieved by simple alteration done by patient, man-power, practice and environment management. Conclusion: A simple alteration in practice and practice area ensuring safety of all members of dental team was made by department. It included the effective use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during all dental procedures including oral examination. Special emphasis on history of patients, facility and environment management along with regular training for hand hygiene, donning-doffing, aerosol appointment and practice was given. An attempt to provide prophylactic and elective dental need of patients were done and department was successfully able to treat seven patients per day on an average during May to August, 2020.
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Dosimetric and Treatment Planning Comparison with Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques
Authors: Goswami Brijesh , Yadav Suresh , Jain Rakesh Kumar , Goswami Pradeep
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Traditional Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques used many beam angles; the result of this is significant increase in beam on time as well as Monitor Units (MU) also. Due to all of these there is a need of faster treatment modality to increase the patient comfort and lesser organ movement. Aim: To compare the triple arc RapidArc technique with nine field IMRT techniques for different head and neck cancer, focusing on target coverage and dose received by the Organs At Risk (OARs). Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, Computed Tomography (CT) datasets of 20 patients of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Oro-pharynx and Hypo-pharynx treated during January 2019 to December 2019 were chosen for this study. For every patient, two different treatment plans were created, one by using the triple arc RapidArc technique and others by using nine fixed fields IMRT technique. For Planning Target Volume (PTV), the dose volume parameters D98% and D2% (dose received by the 98%, and 2% of the volume), homogeneity index, and Conformity Index (CI) were evaluated for dosimetric comparison. For OARs, the analysis included the mean dose, the maximum dose expressed as D2%. Additionally, the Beam On Time (BOT) and the number of MUs were analysed. A paired two-tailed t-test was performed to compare the RapidArc technique with the IMRT technique for radiotherapy treatment of different head and neck cancers. The p-value <0.05 was considered for the significance of statistical inferences. Results: Comparable target coverage and better sparing of OARs were achieved with the RapidArc technique in comparison to IMRT. Homogeneity and conformity were also in favour of the RapidArc plan. The dosimetric results with I’MatriXX measurements of RapidArc plans were similar to IMRT plans. All detector points passed 3 mm and 3% gamma criteria for IMRT plans and also for RapidArc plans. Conclusion: RapidArc is a faster and precise treatment technique. RapidArc provides better target coverage with good OARs sparing. Most significant change occurs in the number of MUs and treatment time, which is much lesser in RapidArc.
Orthodontic Practice in the Times of COVID-19 Pandamic: An Online Survey
Authors: Suman . , Sidhu Maninder Singh , Grover Seema , Dabas Ashish , Dogra Namrata , Jaglan Archana
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is not the first one which the globe has faced but never came across a health crisis that moved so quickly across continents. COVID-19 outbreak presently posed a very serious threat to the existence of mankind on earth. The massive impact of COVID-19 pandemic was evident in all aspects of life-personal, social as well as professional. The field of dentistry including orthodontics was no exception to this. Aim: To describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic practice, exploring the basic sterilisation protocols being followed during COVID-19 pandemic and to predict the future of orthodontics in post-COVID era. Materials and Methods: The Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, conducted this questionnaire based cross-sectional survey in May 2020 over a time span of 20 days. A web-based questionnaire of 15 multiple choice questions in English was created as a Google Form in Google Documents. The link to this form was shared online with the orthodontists and postgraduate students (Orthodontics) of dental colleges situated in the National Capital Region (NCR) through WhatsApp groups and e-mails. A total of 254 responses were received. Results: A 97.6% of respondents agreed that COVID-19 affected their orthodontic practice. The odds ratio between those not likely to resume practice and those likely to resume practice taking educational qualification as the significant predictor was calculated to be 8.976 at 95% confidence intervals. There was wide variation in the selection of the safety protocols by the orthodontists in the present study (p<0.01). Increased digitalisation in orthodontics (45.7%) followed by less demand of orthodontic treatment (18.5%) were opted as the future in post-COVID era (p<0.01). Conclusion: The present survey found that orthodontic community as a whole was affected greatly by COVID-19 pandemic and is quite apprehensive. The future of orthodontics in the post-COVID era is unpredictable presently. Digitalisation in orthodontics is the key option to have minimum physical contact with the patients. The study suggested the need and importance of basic sterilisation protocols and a training program for dental settings during COVID-19 for patient’s as well as clinician’s safety.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma: An Immunomorphologic Study with SOX11 from a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre in Southern India
Authors: Bharatnur Shankaranand S , Premalata Chennagiri S , Kumar Prashant , Babu MC Suresh , Lakshmaiah KC
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively rare Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) of mature B cells forming 5-7% of NHL. SOX11 has emerged as a useful antibody in the diagnosis of MCL with prognostic significance. Aim: To evaluate the immunomorphologic features and significance of SOX11 expression in MCL at a tertiary care cancer institute. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study which was conducted at a tertiary care cancer centre in Southern India over a period of five years from January 2013 to December 2017. Seventy six cases of newly diagnosed MCL with paraffin blocks were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a panel of antibodies including SOX11 was carried out on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) sections. Morphologic, immunologic findings were analysed and correlated with clinical data and survival, using Chi-square and Independent sample t-test to compare data and Kaplan-Meir method with Log Rank test for survival analysis. Results: Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) formed in 5.8% of NHL with a striking male predominance (M:F ratio, 4.4:1), with mean age of 58 years at presentation and females at a younger age. Nearly 80% of patients presented at an advanced stage. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common presenting feature, followed by involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. There were 59 cases of classic and 17 cases of blastoid and pleomorphic MCL, with diffuse pattern being the most common in 36 (47.4%) cases. In the present study, 64 (92.8%) cases expressed SOX11 and showed heterogeneous staining with high expression in 34 (53.1%) cases and low expression in 30 (46.9%) cases. Ki-67 proliferation of more than 30% was seen in 52 (68.4%) cases and 30% or less in 24 (31.6%) cases. None of these findings had statistically significant correlation with survival, though high Ki-67, high MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) and blastoid/pleomorphic cases had relatively worse Overall Survival (OS). Conclusion: MCL is a disease of the elderly and in the present study it affected females at a slightly younger age as compared to males. SOX11 expression was heterogeneous in neoplastic cells and was complementary to cyclin D1 for diagnosis of MCL however, the staining intensity had no effect on survival.
Evaluation of Proximate, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Total Cholesterol Contents of Selected Decapod Crustaceans from Badagry Creek, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Adunola, Abosede , Adepoju Oluwafunmike, Blessing , Aeneas Nebert, Ulteino , Nwauzor Gloria, O. , Ugoh Uchechi , Omole Oluwafemi, Akinsola
Published: April 2021

Three decapod crustaceans (Penaeus notalis, Procambarus clarkii and Callinectes pallidus) were selected in this study due to their low cost and wide distribution across tropical and temperate regions of the world. The proximate, fatty acids, amino acids and total cholesterol contents of Penaeus notalis, Procambarus clarkii and Callinectes pallidus from Badagry Creek, Lagos, Nigeria were evaluated for their nutritional importance in diet and to human health especially as the demand for these resources is increasing worldwide due to increase in human population, low cost and nutritional benefits. The proximate composition of the selected crustaceans was determined using standard methods of analysis, the cholesterol content was determined using enzymatic kit method, the fatty acid composition was analysed using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer and the amino acid composition was analysed using Amino Acid Analyzer. The proximate composition (moisture, crude fat, crude fibre, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate contents) analysed showed significant difference (p<0.05) among the three selected crustaceans studied, so also the cholesterol content. All the fatty acids in the results obtained except (Palmitic acid (C16:0), magaric acid (C17:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1), (C18:1n-9t), (C22:1n-9), cetoleic acid (C22:1n11c), C18:2n-6t, rumenic acid (C18:2n-7), γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) (C18:3n-6), eicosatrienoic acid (ETE) (C20:3n-3), docosadienoic acid (C22:2n-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (C22:5n-3)) showed significant difference (p<0.05). All the essential amino acids indicated significant difference (p<0.05). Moreover, all the non-essential amino acids except cystine were also significantly difference (p<0.05) among the three selected crustaceans. This study revealed that all the selected decapod crustaceans studied are good source of high quality protein, essential amino acids, low cholesterol levels, omega 3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids thereby making them of high nutritional benefits to consumers.
Class of Tests Based on Subsample Quantiles for Two-sample Scale Problem
Authors: Shindhe Shashank D. , Bhat Sharada V. , Pandit Parameshwar V.
Published: April 2021

A class of distribution-free tests based on U-statistics with its kernel being function of subsample quantiles is proposed for a two-sample scale problem. The proposed class of tests is a general class of tests that includes numerous members which explore information from the tails of the distributions and tests resistant to outliers. This class of tests includes many existing classes of tests as its subclasses. The distribution of the proposed class of tests is derived and its relevance is discussed. One of its members, which is resistant to outliers in -sample is investigated in detail.