bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep‐stage‐dependent alterations in cerebral oxygen metabolism quantified by magnetic resonance
Authors: Xu Jing , Wiemken Andrew , Langham Michael C. , Rao Hengyi , Nabbout Marianne , Caporale Alessandra S. , Schwab Richard J. , Detre John A. , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: February 2024

A key function of sleep is to provide a regular period of reduced brain metabolism, which is critical for maintenance of healthy brain function. The purpose of this work was to quantify the sleep‐stage‐dependent changes in brain energetics in terms of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) as a function of sleep stage using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep in the scanner. Twenty‐two young and older subjects with regular sleep hygiene and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in the normal range were recruited for the study. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were obtained simultaneously at 3 Tesla field strength and 2.7‐s temporal resolution during an 80‐min time series using OxFlow, an in‐house developed imaging sequence. The method yields whole‐brain CMRO2 in absolute physiologic units via Fick's Principle. Nineteen subjects yielded evaluable data free of subject motion artifacts. Among these subjects, 10 achieved slow‐wave (N3) sleep, 16 achieved N2 sleep, and 19 achieved N1 sleep while undergoing the MRI protocol during scanning. Mean CMRO2 was 98 ± 7(μmol min−1)/100 g awake, declining progressively toward deepest sleep stage: 94 ± 10.8 (N1), 91 ± 11.4 (N2), and 76 ± 9.0 μmol min−1/100 g (N3), with each level differing significantly from the wake state. The technology described is able to quantify cerebral oxygen metabolism in absolute physiologic units along with non‐REM sleep stage, indicating brain oxygen consumption to be closely associated with depth of sleep, with deeper sleep stages exhibiting progressively lower CMRO2 levels.
Cone cell dysfunction attenuates retinal neovascularization in oxygen‐induced retinopathy mouse model
Authors: Wu Jun , Jo Dong Hyun , Fruttiger Marcus , Kim Jeong Hun
Published: February 2024

Aberrant neovascularization is the most common feature in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which leads to the retinal detachment and visual defects in neonates with a low gestational age eventually. Understanding the regulation of inappropriate angiogenic signaling benefits individuals at‐risk. Recently, neural activity originating from the specific neural activity has been considered to contribute to retinal angiogenesis. Here, we explored the impact of cone cell dysfunction on oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), a mouse model commonly employed to understand retinal diseases associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, using the Gnat2cpfl3 (cone photoreceptor function loss‐3) strain of mice (regardless of the sex), which is known for its inherent cone cell dysfunction. We found that the retinal avascular area, hypoxic area, and neovascular area were significantly attenuated in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice compared to those in C57BL/6 OIR mice. Moreover, the HIF‐1α/VEGF axis was also reduced in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice. Collectively, our results indicated that cone cell dysfunction, as observed in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice, leads to attenuated retinal neovascularization. This finding suggests that retinal neural activity may precede and potentially influence the onset of pathological neovascularization.
Where is the gap after a 90 W/4 s very‐high‐power short‐duration ablation of atrial fibrillation?: Association with the left atrial‐pulmonary vein voltage and wall thickness
Authors: Hirata Moyuru , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hirata Shu , Kurokawa Sayaka , Okumura Yasuo
Published: February 2024

Background

Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) utilizing radiofrequency (RF) applications with a very high‐power and short‐duration (vHPSD) has shortened the procedure time, the determinants of pulmonary vein (PV) gaps in the first‐pass PVI and acute PV reconnections are unclear.

Methods

An extensive encircling PVI was performed with the QDOT MICRO catheter with a vHPSD (90 W–4 s) in 30 patients with AF (19 men, 64 ± 10 years). The association of the PV gap sites (first‐pass PVI failure, acute PV reconnections [spontaneous reconnections or dormant conduction provoked by adenosine triphosphate] or both) with the left atrial (LA) wall thickness and LA bipolar voltage on the PVI line and ablation‐related parameters were assessed.

Results

PV gaps were observed in 29 (6%) of 480 segments (16 segments per patient) in 17 patients (56%). The PV gaps were associated with the LA wall thickness, bipolar voltage, and the number of RF points (LA wall thickness, 2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4 mm, p < .001; bipolar voltage, 2.59 ± 1.62 vs. 1.34 ± 1.14 mV, p < .001; RF points, 6 ± 2 vs. 4 ± 2, p = .008) but were not with the other ablation‐related parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curves yielded that an LA wall thickness ≥2.3 mm and bipolar voltage ≥2.40 mV were determinants of PV gaps with an area under the curve of 0.82 and 0.73, respectively.

Conclusions

The LA voltage and wall thickness on the PV‐encircling ablation line were highly associated with PV gaps using the 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation.
Dietary zinc supplements: beneficial health effects and application in food, medicine and animals
Authors: Shi Ying , Hao Rui , Ji Haixia , Gao Li , Yang Junyan
Published: February 2024

Zinc, a crucial trace element is vital for the growth and development of humans. It is frequently described as ‘the flower of life’ and ‘the source of intelligence’. Zinc supplements play a pivotal role in addressing zinc deficiency by serving as a vital source of this essential micronutrients, effectively replenishing depleted zinc levels in the body. In this paper, we first described the biological behavior of zinc in the human body and briefly described the physiological phenomena associated with zinc levels. The benefits and drawbacks of various zinc supplement forms are then discussed, with emphasis on the most recent zinc supplement formulations. Finally, the application of zinc supplements in food, medicine, and animal husbandry is further summarized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
New approach to soil fertility management: Biogeosystem Technique methodology (critical review)
Authors: Kalinitchenko Valery P. , Swidsinski Alexander V. , Glinushkin Alexey P. , Overcash Michael R. , Meshalkin Valery P. , Minkina Tatiana M. , Rajput Vishnu D. , Chernenko Vladimir V. , Mandzhieva Saglara S. , Sushkova Svetlana N. , Rykhlik Artyom E. , Larin Georgiy S. , Gudkov Sergey V. , Baryshev Mikhail G. , Sevostyanov Mikhail A. , Makarenkov Dmitry A.
Published: February 2024

A standard management soil priming effect is short term. A current soil plowing, irrigation and waste utilization soil priming action shortcomings elimination is needed. The Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) priming action system was developed for soil management to provide a higher‐level priming effect. The BGT* is focused on a soil biogeochemical cycle activation similar to the biodegradation in a colon of a live organism as an efficient benchmark bioreactor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a cooperation of bacteria within polymicrobial biofilms and a probability of the polymicrobial biofilms biodegradation process acceleration and soil organic matter (SOM) regime improvement. The soil priming actions the BGT* technological management is capable of providing are based on the BGT* constituents, whose essence, applications and corresponding detailed data are presented in available studies. The main BGT* components are as follows. The illuvial horizon intra‐soil milling artificial soil aggregation (a form of crumbling and mixing) priming action provides the soil structuring, a SOM content increase and an annual yield increment direct priming effects. A long‐term secondary priming effect is a technology life cycle with higher profitability compared to the standard moldboard, chiseling and three‐tier plowing. The intra‐soil pulse sequential‐discrete watering priming action is performed through water injection into the soil in sequence. A next water spreading provides the soil aggregate stability, the seedling length and weight increment direct priming effect and a water‐saving secondary priming effect. The intra‐soil dispersed liquid, paste‐like and loose granular nutrition and structuring matter intra‐soil milling application priming action ensures soil structuring direct priming effects, heavy metals passivation and long‐term yield increment secondary priming effects. The BGT* methodology could be useful for soil management improvement.
Effect of CHRDL1 on angiogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via TGF‐β/VEGF pathway
Authors: Li Junfeng , Jiang Zhongxiang , He Jin , Yang Kun , Chen Jun , Deng Qianxi , Li Xiaoqing , Wu Fan , Xu Shuman , Jiang Zheng
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common digestive tract tumor with the third incidence and death in the world. There is still an urgent need for effective therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for CRC. Herein, we report a novel potential target and marker, Chordin like‐1 (CHRDL1). The function of CHRDL1 has been reported in gastric cancer, breast cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the biological effect of CHRDL1 in CRC remains unrevealed. Transwell and tube formation experiments were used to determine the biological function of CHRDL1. Western blot and rescue experiments were used to determine the specific mechanisms of CHRDL1. Results showed CHRDL1 is significantly downregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues. In vitro, experiments confirmed that CHRDL1 can inhibit cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and reverse epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation. In vivo, experiments proved that it can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we newly find that CHRDL1 exerts biological functions through the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we concluded that CHRDL1 reduces the growth, migration, and angiogenesis of CRC cells by downregulating TGF‐β signaling. Our new findings on CHRDL1 may provide a basis for clinical antiangiogenesis therapy and the prognosis of CRC.
Reticulon 3 deficiency ameliorates post‐myocardial infarction heart failure by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation
Authors: Qi Bingchao , Li Tiantian , Luo Haixia , Hu Lang , Feng Renqian , Wang Di , Peng Tingwei , Ren Gaotong , Guo Dong , Liu Mingchuan , Wang Qiuhe , Zhang Mingming , Li Yan
Published: February 2024

Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). However, interventions targeting these pathological processes alone remain clinically ineffective. Therefore, it is essential to identify new therapeutic targets for alleviating cardiac dysfunction after MI. Here, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches were used to investigate the role of reticulon 3 (RTN3) in HF after MI. We found that RTN3 was elevated in the myocardium of patients with HF and mice with MI. Cardiomyocyte‐specific RTN3 overexpression decreased systolic function in mice under physiological conditions and exacerbated the development of HF induced by MI. Conversely, RTN3 knockout alleviated cardiac dysfunction after MI. Mechanistically, RTN3 bound and mediated heat shock protein beta‐1 (HSPB1) translocation from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum. The reduction of cytosolic HSPB1 was responsible for the elevation of TLR4, which impaired mitochondrial function and promoted inflammation through toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha(PGC‐1α) and TLR4/Nuclear factor‐kappa B(NFκB) pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the HSPB1 inhibitor reversed the protective effect of RTN3 knockout on MI. Additionally, elevated plasma RTN3 level is associated with decreased cardiac function in patients with acute MI. This study identified RTN3 as a critical driver of HF after MI and suggests targeting RTN3 as a promising therapeutic strategy for MI and related cardiovascular diseases.
Sex differences in insulin regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase and changes during weight loss and exercise in adults
Authors: Ryan Alice S. , Li Guoyan , McMillin Shawna , Ortmeyer Heidi K.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The authors sought to understand sex differences in muscle metabolism in 73 older men and women.

Methods

Body composition, VO2max, and insulin sensitivity (M) by 3‐hour hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were measured.

Results

Women had lower body weight, VO2max, and fat‐free mass than men. Men had lower M, lower change (insulin minus basal) in muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity, and lower change in AKT protein expression than women. M was associated with the change (insulin‐basal) in GS activity and the change in AKT protein expression. Sex differences (n = 60) were tested with 6‐month weight loss or 3×/week aerobic exercise training. The postintervention minus preintervention change (insulin‐basal) (∆∆) in GS activity (fractional, independent, total) was higher in men than women in the weight loss group and ∆∆ in GS fractional activity was higher in women than men in the aerobic exercise group. In all participants, ∆∆ in GS fractional and independent activities was related to ∆∆ in AKT expression and glycogen content.

Conclusions

Sex differences in insulin sensitivity may be explained at the cellular muscle level, and to improve skeletal muscle insulin action in older adults, it may be necessary to recommend different behavioral strategies depending on the individual's sex.
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, GLP‐1 receptor agonists, and other weight loss drugs in overweight and obesity: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Xin‐Hui , Tan Bryan , Chin Yip Han , Lee Ethan Cheng Zhe , Kong Gwyneth , Chong Bryan , Kueh Martin , Khoo Chin Meng , Mehta Anurag , Majety Priyanka , Grandhi Gowtham R. , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Foo Roger , Chew Nicholas W. S. , Le Roux Carel W. , Mamas Mamas A. , Chan Mark Y.
Published: February 2024

Objective

This network meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide compared to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) and other weight loss drugs in the treatment of overweight and obesity.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials on tirzepatide, GLP‐1 RA, and weight loss drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. A network meta‐analysis was performed, drawing direct and indirect comparisons between treatment groups. Network diagrams and surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis were performed for primary (≥5%, ≥10%, ≥15%, absolute weight loss) and secondary outcomes and adverse effects.

Results

Thirty‐one randomized controlled trials, involving more than 35,000 patients, were included in this study. Tirzepatide 15 mg ranked in the top three across weight‐related parameters, glycemic profile (glycated hemoglobin), lipid parameters (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), and blood pressure. Tirzepatide 15 mg had the highest efficacy compared with placebo for achieving ≥15% weight loss (risk ratio 10.24, 95% CI: 6.42–16.34). As compared to placebo, tirzepatide and GLP‐1 RA across all doses had significant increases in gastrointestinal adverse effects.

Conclusions

The superiority of tirzepatide and GLP‐1 RA in inducing weight loss and their ability to target multiple metabolic parameters render them promising candidates in the treatment of patients with overweight and obesity.
Outcomes of Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer Requiring Vein Grafting: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kota Sharwani , Khan Najm S. , Bollig Kassie , Bridgeman Matthew , Bollig Craig A.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence of free flap failure in head and neck free flaps requiring vein grafting.

Data Sources

Search strategies created in collaboration with a medical librarian were implemented using PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to August 2022.

Review Methods

The population of interest included adult and pediatric patients undergoing reconstruction of oncologic or traumatic head and neck defects with a free flap requiring a vein graft that presents the success/failure rate. The primary outcome was the flap failure rate, and the secondary outcome was the flap compromise/revision rate. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to capture all study designs. Initially, 2778 articles were identified by the search strategy. Two reviewers independently performed the review, data extraction for analysis, and a quality assessment. Primary Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines were followed. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random effects model.

Results

Eleven studies of 789 flaps were included for data extraction. Random effects meta‐analysis resulted in an estimated prevalence of free flap failure of 12.30% (95% confidence interval: 6.39%‐19.49%, I2 = 77.4%).

Conclusion

Taking into account that head and neck free tissue transfers that require a vein graft are typically associated with more challenging reconstructions and the lack of a suitable alternative, vein grafts appear to be a reliable method for bridging the gap between the flap and recipient vessels in head and neck free tissue transfer when indicated.
Association of Sleep Characteristics with Tinnitus and Hearing Loss
Authors: Awad Matthew , Abdalla Ibrahim , Jara Sebastian M. , Huang Tina C. , Adams Meredith E. , Choi Janet S.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The impact of poor sleep on tinnitus has been mainly attributed to central processes. There is an association between sleep disorders and hearing loss, but whether hearing levels mediate the association between sleep disorders and tinnitus is unknown. This study investigates the association between sleep characteristics, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

Study cohort includes 9693 adults (≥20 years) from the NHANES 2005 to 2018 who completed audiometric testing and questionnaires on tinnitus and sleep characteristics. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to quantify associations between sleep characteristics, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Results

In this cohort, 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28%‐31%) reported trouble sleeping and 9% (95% CI: 8%‐10%) reported being diagnosed with sleep disorders. Negative sleep characteristics (less hours of sleep, diagnosis of a sleep disorder, trouble sleeping, or OSA symptoms) were not associated with audiometry‐measured hearing loss in multivariable models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities but were significantly associated with bothersome tinnitus. This association remained significant without substantial attenuation in multivariable models additionally adjusting for hearing levels: sleeping <8 h/day (vs ≥8) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28 [95% CI: 1.08‐1.52]), trouble sleeping (OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.45‐2.19]), diagnosis of sleep disorders (OR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.14‐2.15]), and report of OSA symptoms (OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 1.08‐1.88]).

Conclusion

Negative sleep characteristics were associated with tinnitus while there was no clinically meaningful association between sleep and hearing loss. Our findings suggest that the relationship between poor sleep and tinnitus is likely contributed by central processes without a major role of mediation via the peripheral auditory system.
Opinions, attitudes and perceptions of local people towards the conservation of Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzees in Mpem‐Djim National Park, central Cameroon
Authors: Fotsing Ernest D. B. , Kamkeng Meigang M. F. , Zinner Dietmar
Published: February 2024

Local ecological knowledge (LEK), tied to specific cultures, is crucial for sustainability in conservation initiatives. Therefore, including holders of this knowledge in management decisions is essential. Collecting protected area‐specific data on local people's attitudes, opinions and perceptions towards wildlife, especially for highly threatened species like great apes, is therefore crucial for effective conservation. This study emphasizes the importance of LEK as an interdisciplinary approach, highlighting its essential role in informing conservation decisions and understanding human–environment interactions.

To fill the information gap on the LEK on the Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzee in central Cameroon, we used questionnaires to assess the LEK of respondents specifically their perceptions, opinions and attitudes towards the population trend of chimpanzees, as well as their opinion about the current management systems of Mpem and Djim National Park. We collect data from 240 respondents in 15 villages in the neighbourhood of the park. Using generalized linear mixed models, we were also able to assess socioeconomic and demographic factors that correlate with the opinions, attitudes and perceptions of the respondents towards chimpanzee conservation.

About 87% of the respondents exhibited good knowledge about chimpanzees and 59% reported taboos related to chimpanzees. About 94% were aware of laws that prohibit the hunting of chimpanzees, while 87% agreed that it is a good initiative to conserve chimpanzees, and 42% reported that their population increased. Almost half (52%) of the respondents said they were satisfied with the current park management system. Age, gender, education level, number of children in the household and time spent in the community were predictors that influenced the attitude, opinion and perception of the respondents while occupation and the geographic distance between the village and the park did not.

Our findings suggest that raising awareness of human–chimpanzee coexistence through adult education programmes should target specific demographic groups, such as those with larger families, limited education, older age, individuals with lower LEK or native. These findings brought insights to guide future studies and should be taken into account when discussing regional management.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Designing of layered double hydroxide, metal oxides, and borate‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes composites
Authors: Desai Shubham , Kamble Varun , Ozarkar Vedant , Dingre Parth , Desai Pradnya , More Aarti , Mahajan Umesh , Mhaske Shashank
Published: February 2024

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are widely used in automotive, medical, and marine applications due to their excellent properties such as high tensile strength, flexibility, and durability. However, the presence of isocyanate groups in TPUs increases their flammability and produces toxic gases during combustion, limiting their application. Here, the study aims to modify TPUs to improve their flame‐retardant behavior. Various fillers such as metal oxides, Layer double hydroxides (LDH), and borates were synthesized and added into the TPU matrix by using extrusion and compression molding. At a 10% loading of Zinc‐Magnesium oxides, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 25% was achieved, along with no dripping and complete burning cessation within 20 s. Magnesium aluminium LDH exhibited maximum flame retardancy at a 5% loading, with an LOI of 25%, burning cessation within 23 s without dripping, and a V1 rating. Overall, this research aims to develop TPU composites with improved fire safety properties by incorporating various additives. The synthesized additives showed potential for enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and flame‐retardant properties of TPU.
Tensile properties of banana fiber reinforced recycled high‐density polyethylene composites: An experimental investigation
Authors: Syduzzaman Md. , Akter Mahin , Mahmud Foysal , Bhowmick Diti Rani , Maliha Afia Sultana , Fahmi Fahmida Faiza , Hossain Tanvir , Ahamed Md. Ahasan
Published: February 2024

Natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (NFRCs) are increasingly favored over synthetic fiber‐reinforced alternatives due to their beneficial properties and environmental sustainability. Mechanical properties of composites are critical to ensure optimized utilization of NFRCs. Here, this research explores the effects of different fiber parameters on the tensile strength of high‐density polymer composites reinforced with banana fiber and utilizes the Taguchi method for both experimental and statistical analysis of the outcomes. Three different parameters are considered here: weight fractions, fiber orientation angle, and plasma treatment to fabricate the composites using the compression molding process. Taguchi analysis revealed that fiber orientation angle has the greatest influence among the three variables, with plasma treatment and weight fraction following in impact on tensile strength. The composite that exhibited the highest tensile strength was determined to have a weight fraction of 10%, a fiber orientation angle of 90°, and a plasma treatment period of 5 min. This combination yielded a strength of 30.351 MPa. The analysis of the interaction between any two factors was done using contour plots. In order to compare the experimental tensile strength values with the anticipated values derived from the regression equation, regression analysis was carried out.

Highlights

Composites were made up of recycled HDPE (rHDPE) from plastic bottles using a compression molding technique.

The Taguchi method is applied to achieve an experimental design employing an L4 orthogonal array.

Contour plot analysis is conducted to identify points of minimum and maximum responses, as anticipated from the results.

Tensile strength was optimized to a maximum of 30.351 MPa.
Early silique‐shedding wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) phenotypes persist in a long‐term harvest weed seed control managed field in Western Australia
Authors: Ashworth Michael , Rocha Roberto Lujan , Baxter Shane , Flower Ken
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

This study introduces a wild radish population collected from Yelbeni in the Western Australian grainbelt that evolved an early silique abscission (shedding) trait to persist despite long‐term harvest weed seed control (HWSC) use. In 2017, field‐collected seed (known herein as Yelbeni) was compared to surrounding ruderal and field‐collected populations in a fully randomized common garden study.

RESULTS

The Yelbeni population exhibited a higher rate of silique abscission when compared to the ruderal populations collected from the site before wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest (assessed at soft dough stage, Zadoks 83). A similar common garden study was conducted in the subsequent season (2018) using progeny reproduced on a single site without stress. The HWSC‐selected progeny (Yelbeni P) shed 1048 (±288) siliques before wheat maturity at the soft dough stage (Zadoks 83) compared to 25 (±7) siliques from the pooled control populations. The Yelbeni P population only flowered 6 days earlier (FT50 as determined by log‐logistic analysis) than pooled control populations, which is unlikely to fully account for the increased rate of silique abscission. The Yelbeni P population also located its lowest siliques below the lowest height for harvest interception (10 cm), which is likely to increase HWSC evasion. The mechanism inducing early silique‐shedding is yet to be determined; however, wild radish is known for its significant genetic variability and has demonstrated its capacity to adapt to environmental and management stresses.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that the repeated use of HWSC can lead to the selection of HWSC‐avoidance traits including early silique‐shedding before harvest and/or locating siliques below the harvest cutting height for interception. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Field and postharvest application of microencapsulated Yamadazyma mexicanaLPa14: anthracnose control and effect on postharvest quality in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass)
Authors: González‐Gutiérrez Katia Nayely , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Anthracnose caused by species of Colletotrichum is the most important disease of avocado fruit. The quiescent infection develops in the field, hence, its control from the preharvest stage is necessary. The field application of microencapsulated Yamadazyma mexicana LPa14 could prevent the establishment of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and reduce the losses in avocado production. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulated Y. mexicana applied in the field and postharvest for the anthracnose control in avocado, to evaluate the population dynamics of Y. mexicana in flowers and fruits and the effect of the yeast on the avocado quality.

RESULTS

The concentrations of microencapsulated Y. mexicana after field application ranged from 4.58 to 6.35 log CFU g−1. The population of microencapsulated yeast in flowers and fruits was always higher than treatments with fresh cells. Preharvest application of fresh and microencapsulated Y. mexicana significantly reduced the severity of anthracnose by 71–80% and 84–96%, respectively, in avocado fruits stored at 25 °C. Moreover, at 6 °C and ripening at 25 °C, the fresh yeast reduced the severity by 87–90% and the microencapsulated yeast by 91–93%. However, yeast treatments applied in the field + postharvest under cool conditions were more effective in reducing 100% of anthracnose. Treatments did not negatively affect the quality parameters of the avocado fruits.

CONCLUSION

Yamadazyma mexicana microencapsulated by electrospraying is a promising bioformulation for the management of anthracnose in avocados at preharvest and postharvest levels. Yamadazyma mexicana offers a new biological control solution for growers in avocado orchards. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin increases the antidepressant‐like effects of sclareol and antagonizes diazepam in thiopental sodium‐induced sleeping mice: A possible GABAergic transmission intervention
Authors: Bappi Mehedi Hasan , Mia Md. Nayem , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Prottay Abdullah Al Shamsh , Akbor Md. Showkoth , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Torequl Islam Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Quercetin is the most common polyphenolic flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables demonstrating versatile health‐promoting effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of quercetin (QR) and sclareol (SCL) on the thiopental sodium (TS)‐induced sleeping and forced swimming test (FST) mouse models. SCL (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or QR (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (DZP) (3 mg/kg, i.p.) were employed. After 30 min of TS induction, individual or combined effects on the animals were checked. In the FST test, the animals were subjected to forced swimming after 30 min of administration of the test and/or controls for 5 min. In this case, immobility time was measured. In silico studies were conducted to evaluate the involvement of GABA receptors. SCL (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly increased the latency and decreased sleeping time compared to the control in the TS‐induced sleeping time study. DZP (3 mg/kg) showed a sedative‐like effect in animals in both sleeping and FST studies. QR (50 mg/kg) exhibited a similar pattern of activity as SCL. However, its effects were more prominent than those of SCL groups. SCL (10 mg/kg) altered the DZP‐3‐mediated effects. SCL‐10 co‐treated with QR‐50 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency and decreased sleep time and immobility time, suggesting possible synergistic antidepressant‐like effects. In silico studies revealed that SCL and QR demonstrated better binding affinities with GABAA receptor, especially α2, α3, and α5 subunits. Both compounds also exhibited good ADMET and drug‐like properties. In animal studies, the both compounds worked synergistically to provide antidepressant‐like effects in a slightly different fashion. As a conclusion, the combined administration of SCL and QR may be used in upcoming neurological clinical trials, according to in vivo and in silico findings. However, additional investigation is necessary to verify this behavior and clarify the potential mechanism of action.
Executive's environmental background and sustainable development: Evidence from substantial green innovation
Authors: Luo Kun , Zhang Ke
Published: February 2024

Executive as decision makers influence the corporate sustainable development, especially their environmental experiences will be internalized in corporate management to promote the development of corporate substantive green innovation. This article empirically explores the impact of executive's environmental background on corporate substantive green innovation based on the data of Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2011 to 2019, and finds that executive's environmental background is conducive to promoting corporate substantive green innovation, which is achieved by obtaining government environmental subsidies and attracting green investors. And further research has revealed that executive's environmental background has a more significant impact on corporate substantive green innovation with higher level of environmental regulations, quality of corporate governance and environmental awareness of executives. The findings of this article not only provides a new perspective for companies to choose a green development path and enhance substantive green innovation, but also provides empirical evidence for companies to promote green transformation and introduce executive with environmental background.
Modulating surface functional groups in carbon dots for enhanced inhibition of β‐amyloid aggregation
Authors: Yan Kailong , Li Chunlan , Zhu Xu , Zhang Yintang , Xiao Guoqing , Xu Maotian
Published: February 2024

Gaining a profound understanding of carbon dots (CDs) structure and their potential to inhibit β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregation holds significant importance in the quest for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention and treatment. Herein, CDs with varying structures were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize their size and morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to study their structure. Optical properties were analyzed through Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of CDs on Aβ1–42 aggregation was explored using circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results highlighted the substantial influence of the CA to EDA molar ratio on the surface structure of CDs, subsequently impacting their optical properties and efficacy in inhibiting Aβ1–42 aggregation. With increasing EDA content, CDs exhibited a rise in the number of amino functional groups while experiencing a reduction in carboxyl groups. CDs possessing more amino functional groups effectively induced alterations in the initial conformation of Aβ1–42, leading to a significant inhibition of Aβ1–42 aggregation.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Formation Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity of SnO2/BiOBr
Authors: Xu Tiantian , Gao Zhanyao , Jin Yabin , Song Wenhan , Liu Bo , Yao Binghua
Published: February 2024

SnO2/BiOBr photocatalytic materials were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method with BiOBr as the precursor. X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed that BiOBr and SnO2 were successfully combined. After characterization, we proposed a possible formation mechanism for SnO2/BiOBr. The degradation experiment showed that the degradation rate of norfloxacin using SnO2/BiOB‐4 reached 85.9 %, which was approximately 50 and 65 percentage points higher than that of pure BiOBr and SnO2, respectively. The reaction rate was 4.3 times that of BiOBr. Based on the analysis of the degradation mechanism, the improved photocatalytic performance may be attributed to the optimized energy band structure resulting from the combination of the two monomers. This promotes the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the generation of more active substances such as ⋅O2− and h+. As a result, the oxidation capacity is enhanced.
Achieving Cross Time‐Domain Multiplexed Signal Cascade and Cancer Exosomes Identification by Bridging Long Lifetime Phosphor to NIR‐II Lanthanide Energy Transfer
Authors: Li Haiyan , Bai Junjie , Chen Yafei , Du Cheng , Chen Mingli , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2024

Designing lanthanide luminescence lifetime sensors in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window holds great potentials for physiological studies. However, the single lifetime signal is confined to one or two orders of magnitude of signal variation, which limits the sensitivity of lifetime probes. In this study, a lifetime cascade system, i.e., ZGO:Mn, Eu‐DNA‐1/TCPP‐PEI70K@Yb‐AptEpCAM, with a variety of signals (τm, τn, τµ, τm/τn and τm/τµ) is constructed for exosome identification using time‐domain multiplexing. The sensitized ligand TCPP acts as both target‐modulated switch and a bridge for connecting long lifetime ZGO:Mn, Eu‐DNA‐1 emitter to lanthanide Yb3+. This drives successive dual‐path energy transfer and forms two D(donor)‐A(acceptor) pairs. The lifetime variation is dominantly modulated by arranging TCPP as energy intermediate relay to covert milliseconds to nanoseconds to microseconds. It enables a broad lifetime range of six orders of magnitude. The presence of exosome specifically recognizes aptamers on TCPP‐PEI70K@Yb‐AptEpCAM to impede D‐A pairs and reverse multiplexed response signals of the lifetime cascade system. The ratio lifetime signals τm/τn and τm/τµ achieve prominent exosome quantification and exosome type differentiation attributed to signal amplification. The cascade system relying on lifetime criteria can realize precise quantization and provide an effective strategy for subsequent physiological study.
Tailoring Interfacial Electric Field by Gold Nanoparticles Enable Electrocatalytic Lithium Polysulfides Conversion for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zou Rong , Zhang Jie , Zheng Yawen , Li Jinling , Liu Wenwu , Ran Fen
Published: February 2024

Although lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered as the promising next rechargeable storage system ascribing to their decent specific capacity of inorganic sulfur, the development is partially impeded by inferior electronic conductivity, severe shuttle effect, and large volume variation. To tackle the issues above, a great deal of effort is made on sulfur‐containing polymer (SCP) that shows better electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, sluggish conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) obstructs battery performance yet. Herein, electrocatalytic LiPSs with full conversion by tailoring the interfacial electric field are discovered based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) anchored on sulfurized polyaniline (SPANI). A downhill path of Gibbs free energy from organosulfur polymer to intermediate product means more spontaneously and favorable for full conversion, as the significant enhancement of electron density of state in the vicinity of the HOMO level for the AuNPs increase the electron transition probability rate. This composite delivers satisfactory electrochemical performance, especially increased rate capacity of >300 mAh g−1. Furthermore, catalyst mechanism on molecule level is proposed that AuNPsdominate chemical enhancement and higher electron delocalizablility betweenAuNPs and LiPSs molecules. These results can erect a promising strategy for enhancing lithium polysulfides full conversion.
The Art of Nanoparticle Design: Unconventional Morphologies for Advancing Luminescent Technologies
Authors: Xu Hanyu , Dai Mengmeng , Fu Zuoling
Published: February 2024

The advanced design of rare‐earth‐doped (RE‐doped) fluoride nanoparticles has expanded their applications ranging from anticounterfeiting luminescence and contactless temperature measurement to photodynamic therapy. Several recent studies have focused on developing rare morphologies of RE‐doped nanoparticles. Distinct physical morphologies of RE‐doped fluoride materials set them apart from contemporary nanoparticles. Every unusual structure holds the potential to dramatically improve the physical performance of nanoparticles, resulting in a remarkable revolution and a wide range of applications. This comprehensive review serves as a guide offering insights into various uniquely structured nanoparticles, including hollow, dumbbell‐shaped, and peasecod‐like forms. It aims to cater to both novices and experts interested in exploring the morphological transformations of nanoparticles. Discovering new energy transfer pathways and enhancing the optical application performance have been long‐term challenges for which new solutions can be found in old papers. In the future, nanoparticle morphology design is expected to involve more refined microphysical methods and chemically‐induced syntheses. Targeted modification of nanoparticle morphology and the aggregation of nanoparticles of various shapes can provide the advantages of different structures and enhance the universality of nanoparticles.
Experimental study on fundamental frequency and human‐induced vibration characteristics of light steel foam concrete composite floor
Authors: Xu Qiang , Xu Liping , Meng Linghui , Liu Yuyang , Bai Yinhui
Published: February 2024

In order to study the dynamic characteristics and human‐induced vibration response of light steel foamed concrete composite floor (LCSF), the vibration characteristics of 4.2 m × 5 m LCSF model were tested under the condition of opposite side support, and the natural vibration frequency of LCSF was obtained. The orthogonal anisotropic elastic plate and the simulated beam element were used, respectively, to compute the natural vibration frequency of the LCSF, and the estimated findings were compared with those obtained from measurements. The discrepancy between the calculated results and the measured results of the approximate beam element using the natural vibration frequency calculation technique is around 13%, but the error for the plate element using the calculated results and the tested results is about 23%. To examine the floor's vibration response under the factors of step frequency, walking path, pedestrian density, and load distribution, the LCSF underwent a human‐induced vibration test. The test results show that the fundamental frequency of the LCSF specimen is about 11 Hz, which can meet the requirements of the specification. However, the vibration response of the LCSF specimen under different conditions of pedestrian load is significantly different. With the acceleration of step frequency and the increase and concentration of load, the floor's vibration response becomes more visible. In the route test, it is established that LCSF has the attribute of a unidirectional plate. The natural vibration frequency of similar floor slab can be calculated by the method of simulating the natural vibration frequency of beam element. The findings can serve as a guide for LCSF research and implementation.
Rebuttal to “(2943) Proposal to conserve Selaginella, nom. cons., (Selaginellaceae) with a conserved type”: An unwarranted and disruptive idea
Authors: Valdespino Iván A. , Korall Petra , Weststrand Stina , López Christian A. , Tang Jun‐Yong , Shalimov Alexander , Zhang Xian‐Chun
Published: February 2024

A rebuttal to the proposal to conserve Selaginella, nom. cons., with a conserved type is submitted. We further discuss why this proposal is unwarranted and disruptive to nomenclatural stability as is the intention to split Selaginella since potentially segregated genera fail to reconcile monophyly and taxonomic diagnosability. Accordingly, we recommend the rejection of the Proposal (2943) and not to follow the dismembering of Selaginella.
STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Bt354 exhibits anti‐neoplastic activity in glioblastoma multiforme cells
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Chun , Selvam Padhmavathi , Liu You‐Xuan , Shih Po‐Chang , Chen Nan‐Fu , Kuo Hsiao‐Mei , Lin Hugo You‐Hsien , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chen Wu‐Fu
Published: February 2024

The high mortality rate of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal primary brain tumor, is attributable to postsurgical recurrence. STAT3, an oncogenic protein, is a signal transducer and transcription activator encourages cancer cell migration and proliferation, which results in resistance to therapy. STAT3 inhibition reduces cancer metastasis and improves patient prognosis. Bt354, a small molecule STAT inhibitor, exhibits significant cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative activities against certain cancer types. Here, we demonstrated that exposure of GBM cells (U87 MG) to Bt354 had a significant, concentration‐dependent growth suppression. Bt354 also induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition genes. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of Bt354 for treating GBM owing to its ability to induce cytotoxicity.
Long‐term exposure of Allonais inaequalis to a mixture of antibiotics in freshwater and synthetic wastewater matrices: Reproduction, recovery, and swimming responses
Authors: Castro Gleyson B. , Alexandre David S. , Bernegossi Aline C. , Bezerra Yohanna A. F. , Fonsêca Mateus C. , Zaiat Marcelo , Corbi Juliano J.
Published: February 2024

Antibiotics from sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and diaminopyrimidine classes are widely used in human and veterinary medicine, and their combined occurrence in the aquatic environment is increasing around the world. In parallel, the understanding of how mixtures of these compounds affect non‐target species from tropical freshwaters is scarce. Thus, this work aimed to study the long‐term reproductive, recovery, and swimming effects of mixtures of 12 antibiotics from three different classes (up to 10 μg L−1) added to freshwater (FWM) and synthetic wastewater (SWM) matrices on freshwater worm Allonais inaequalis. Results revealed that at the reproduction level, the exposure to antibiotics in the SWM matrix does not cause a significant toxic effect on species after 10 days. On the other hand, exposures to initial dose mixtures (10 μg L−1 each) in FWM caused a significant reduction of offspring by 19.2%. In addition, recovery bioassays (10 days in an antibiotic‐free environment) suggested that A. inaequalis has reduced offspring production due to previous exposure to antibiotic mixtures in both matrices. Furthermore, despite slight variation in swimming speed over treatments, no significant differences were pointed out. Regarding antibiotics in the water matrices after 10‐day exposures, the highest concentrations were up to 2.7, 7.8, and 4.2 μg L−1 for antibiotics from sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and diaminopyrimidine classes, respectively. These findings suggest that a species positioned between primary producers and secondary consumers may experience late reproductive damage even in an antibiotic‐free zone, after previous 10‐day exposure to antibiotic mixtures.

Practitioner Points

A mixture of sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and diaminopyrimidine antibiotics in freshwater affects the offspring production of A. inaequalis after 10 days.

After the 10‐day antibiotic exposure, the reproduction of A. inaequalis remains affected in an antibiotic‐free environment over the recovery period.

The swimming speed of the worms does not change after 10 days of exposure to the antibiotic mixture.

The concentration of dissolved solids can limit the natural degradation of sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and diaminopyrimidine antibiotics in the aquatic environment.