bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutisches Fasten
Authors: Chiappa Andrea Ciro
Published: June 2019

Das moderne Heilfasten als therapeutische Methode geht auf Otto Buchinger zurück.
Nahrungsverzicht aus religiösen oder gesundheitlichen Gründen ist jedoch eine
uralte Praxis. Während Buchinger sein Wissen in Selbstversuchen und aus
Beobachtungen gesammelt hat, gibt es heute zahlreiche medizinische Studien, die
klare Empfehlungen ebenso wie Kontraindikationen möglich machen.
Standardized Weaning from Temporary Extracorporeal Life Support in Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Thomas Marie , Kreibich Maximilian , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Benk Christoph , Maier Sven , Trummer Georg
Published: June 2019

Objectives Separation from extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is often based on individual decisions rather than evaluated standard operating procedures (SOPs). Therefore, we strived to evaluate a SOP, summarizing specific treatment paths for this group of patients.

Methods A total of 107 cardiovascular patients were supported with ECLS within a 4-year period. Fifty-three patients were treated before the SOP was introduced (group A) and 54 patients were treated afterward (group B). Patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two time periods regarding baseline characteristics, compliance with SOP criteria, and the end points successful weaning and 30-day survival.

Results Successful weaning rose significantly from 56.6 to 74.1% (p = 0.045) and 30-day survival rate increased from 34.0 to 50.0% (p = 0.069) after implementation of the SOP. Successful weaning was significantly associated with daily echocardiography (p = 0.012) and circulatory support with dobutamine (p = 0.026). The investigated other criteria used in the weaning process did not show a significant correlation with better outcome.

Conclusion The SOP for ECLS weaning showed higher weaning rates compared with a weaning based on individual decisions. Although only parts of the SOP were associated with higher weaning and survival rates, the SOP was experienced as a useful guideline for standardized ECLS management.
Neuroblastoma of the Urinary Bladder in an Infant
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Campbell-Hewson Quentin , Gabra Hany O. S.
Published: June 2019

As it originates from neural crest cells, Neuroblastoma (NBL) can arise anywhere along the sympathetic chain. However, its occurrence in the urinary bladder (UB) is extremely rare. We present a case of an incidentally diagnosed pelvic NBL arising from the dome of the UB in a 7-month-old infant. The mass was treated with surgical excision only after being classified as a very low risk group according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group staging system. The patient was disease free after 5 years of follow-up. Although rare, we suggest that NBL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of UB masses in children and investigated accordingly.
Digitaler Rechnungsaustausch: Praxisbericht der Uniklinik Düsseldorf
Authors: Forster Rüdiger , Klein Thomas
Published: June 2019

Ab April 2020 müssen öffentliche Gesundheitseinrichtungen EU-konforme elektronische Rechnungen annehmen. Die Uniklinik Düsseldorf und Johnson & Johnson haben e-Invoice in einem Projekt umgesetzt und die Prozesse analysiert.
Auftragswert Richtig Berechnen: Vergaberechtliche Fehlerquelle Nummer eins
Authors: Mösinger Thomas
Published: June 2019

Fördermittelrückforderungen und gerichtliche Entscheidungen haben die gesetzlichen Regelungen zur Berechnung des Auftragswertes bei Beschaffungen durch öffentliche Auftraggeber ins Rampenlicht gebracht. Eigentlich ist alles geklärt – doch die Praxis tut sich schwer. An keiner Stelle werden derart viele Fehler gemacht wie hier. Und die Folgen sind schwerwiegend.
A high-performance compact magnetic shield for optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography
Authors: He Kaiyan , Wan Shuangai , Sheng Jingwei , Liu Dongsu , Wang Chune , Li Dongxu , Qin Lang , Luo Shen , Qin Jie , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: June 2019

The rapid development of the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) has offered a much more flexible method for magnetoencephalography (MEG). Without using liquid helium and its associated dewar device in the OPM detectors, the large and expensive magnetically shielded room (MSR) for traditional MEG systems could be replaced by a compact shield. In the present work, an economic and compact cylindrical shield was designed and built to meet the low-field working requirement of the OPM in detecting human brain neuronal activities. The performance of the compact shield was evaluated and further compared with that of a commercial MSR. Our results showed that the residual magnetic fields and background noise of the compact shield were lower than or comparable to those of the MSR. The remnant field in the shield is found to be 4.2 nT, a factor of 13 000 smaller than the geomagnetic field which is applied to the transverse direction of the shield, and the longitudinal shielding factors measured using a known alternating-current magnetic field are approximately 191, 205, and 3130 at 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz, and 10 Hz, respectively; in addition, the evoked dynamic waveforms in the human auditory cortex that were recorded separately in these two shields demonstrated consistency. Our findings suggested that a compact shield is feasible for OPM-based MEG applications with high performance and low cost.
Unusual bandgap bowing in highly mismatched ZnOS alloys: Atomistic tight-binding band anti-crossing model
Authors: Alqahtani Saad M. , Usman Muhammad , Ahmed Shaikh S.
Published: June 2019

An atomistic band anticrossing (BAC) model is developed and used to study “unusual bowing” in energy bandgap and its dependence on the material composition in minority O anion-alloyed ZnS (ZnS1−xOx) and minority S anion-alloyed ZnO (ZnO1−xSx) highly mismatched alloys. For dilute O in ZnS1−xOx, it is found that the bandgap decreases as the O composition is increased. A “down-shift” in the conduction band edge (CBE) of host ZnS, which arises from an interaction between the CBE and the localized O defect state, is identified as the root cause. However, the reduction in bandgap as a function of dilute S composition in the ZnO1−xSx alloy follows an “up-shift” in the valence band edge (VBE) of host ZnO, which arises from an interaction between the VBE and the localized S defect state. The BAC model captures the E+ and E− splitting in the sub-bands, which are found to be an admixture of the extended CBE (VBE) of ZnS (ZnO) and the localized O (S) state. A fully atomistic 8-band sp3-spin tight-binding basis set is used to construct the Hamiltonian for the wurtzite host materials as well as their alloy supercells. For alloy supercells, a strain is computed via the valence force-field formalism using Keating potentials. The O and S energy states are found to be approximately 199 meV below the CBE of ZnS and 190 meV above the VBE of ZnO, respectively. Overall, the calculated energy bandgaps using the BAC model are in good agreement with corrected local density approximation (LDA+U) calculations and experimental results.
Low Mach number limit of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations in multi-dimensions
Authors: Huang Bingyuan , Huang Jinrui , Wen Huanyao
Published: June 2019

This paper is concerned with the incompressible limit of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations with periodic boundary conditions in multidimensions. The authors establish the uniform stability of the local solution family which yields a lifespan of the Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski system. Then, the local existence of strong solutions for the incompressible system with small initial data is rigorously proved via the incompressible limit. Furthermore, the authors obtain the convergence rates in the case without external force.
Broadband nano-focusing of high-order harmonics in soft X-ray region with ellipsoidal mirror
Authors: Motoyama H. , Iwasaki A. , Takei Y. , Kume T. , Egawa S. , Sato T. , Yamanouchi K. , Mimura H.
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate broadband focusing of multiple high-order harmonics of intense femtosecond laser pulses using an ellipsoidal mirror. The ellipsoidal mirror, with a high numerical aperture and a highly accurate surface, was fabricated using a replication process. The multiple high-order harmonics in the wavelength range between 10 and 20 nm were focused to the nearly diffraction-limited size of 350 × 380 nm2. According to Rayleigh's quarter wavelength criteria, the wavefront aberration of the focused beam was estimated to be less than 5 nm, which corresponds to a temporal dispersion of 16 as. The developed focusing system is suited for producing an intense attosecond laser field with negligible wavefront aberration, with which nonlinear light-matter interactions in the attosecond time domain can be explored.
Epitaxial growth optimization of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures on 3C-SiC/Si
Authors: Leone Stefano , Benkhelifa Fouad , Kirste Lutz , Manz Christian , Quay Ruediger , Ambacher Oliver
Published: June 2019

The excellent characteristics of high electron mobility transistors based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures rely on the properties of the substrate used for their epitaxial growth. In this work, we evaluate 3C-SiC as an alternative to the commonly used 4H-SiC. Up to 2 μm thick 3C-SiC layers on Si templates have been used as substrates to develop an epitaxial growth process for high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. We demonstrate the deposition of up to 5 μm crack-free heterostructures on 2 μm thick 3C-SiC on Si by using a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process. Several characteristics of these structures, such as crystal quality, morphology, and electrical properties, are close to what can be achieved when using 4H-SiC substrates. The results of this work motivate further development in order to obtain thicker and semi-insulating 3C-SiC layers to be used instead of the expensive and size-limited 4H-SiC substrates.
Optimal disintegration strategy in spatial networks with disintegration circle model
Authors: Deng Ye , Wu Jun , Qi Mingze , Tan Yuejin
Published: June 2019

The problem of network disintegration, such as suppression of an epidemic spread and destabilization of terrorist networks, has broad applications and recently has received increasing attention. In this study, we concentrate on the problem of network disintegration in the spatial network in which the nodes and edges are embedded in space. For such a network, it is crucial to include spatial information in the search for an optimal disintegration strategy. We first carry out an optimization model with multiple disintegration circles in the spatial network and introduce a tabu search to seek the optimal disintegration strategy. We demonstrate that the “best” disintegration strategy can be identified through global searches in the spatial network. The optimal disintegration strategy of the spatial network tends to place the disintegration circles so that they cover more nodes which are closer to the average degree to achieve a more destructive effect. Our understanding of the optimal disintegration strategy in spatial networks may also provide insight into network protection, e.g., identification of the weakest part, which deserves further study.
Reversed even-odd oscillation of spin-polarized equilibrium conductance in an all-carbon junction
Authors: Xu Yuehua , Ke San-Huang
Published: June 2019

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to exploring the full potential of molecular spintronics; application based on all-carbon devices has drawn much attention. Whether the equilibrium conductance of linear carbon atomic chains (CAC) has an even-odd oscillation (EOO) or reversed EOO (REOO) behavior is critically important but still an open problem. Its answer will in large part determine various transport properties of the junction. Here, we systematically study the spin-dependent electron transport through CAC bridging of two perfect zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) using a nonequilibrium Green’s function approach combined with density functional theory calculations. As well as EOO and disappearing EOO, the equilibrium conductance shows an unexpected REOO in the all-carbon junctions, depending strongly on the position and tilting angle of the CAC bridging the gap. The REOO is due to a resonant state that occurs between even-numbered CAC and the ZGNR lead, whereas odd-numbered CAC case has no such resonant state. It indicates that the physical origin of REOO is different from that of EOO. Moreover, the REOO behavior is robust against variations in lead width and CAC length. Our findings may help in designing CAC spintronic on-chip all-carbon devices with various functionalities.
Machine learning assisted quantification of graphitic surfaces exposure to defined environments
Authors: Lai Chia-Yun , Santos Sergio , Chiesa Matteo
Published: June 2019

We show that it is possible to submit the data obtained from physical phenomena as complex as the tip-surface interaction in atomic force microscopy to a specific question of interest and obtain the answer irrespective of the complexity or unknown factors underlying the phenomena. We showcase the power of the method by asking “how many hours has this graphite surface been exposed to ambient conditions?” In order to respond to this question and with the understanding that we have access to as many experimental data points as needed, we proceed to label the experimental data and produce a “library.” Then, we submit new data points to the test and request the model contained in this library answers to the question. We show that even with a standard artificial neural network, we obtain enough resolution to distinguish between surfaces exposed for less than 1 h, up to 6 h, and 24 h. This methodology has potential to be extended to any number of questions of interest.
A first-principles study of the stability and mechanical properties of ternary transition metal carbide alloys
Authors: Ivashchenko V. I. , Turchi P. E. A. , Medukh N. R. , Shevchenko V. I. , Gorb Leonid , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: June 2019

First-principles calculations were carried out to investigate electronic structure, phase stability, elastic properties, Debye temperature, and hardness of the TiC–HfC and TiC–TaC random solid solutions as functions of composition. For TiC–HfC, significant miscibility gaps with consolute temperatures about 1975 K are revealed in the binodal and spinodal curves. The negative deviation of the elastic moduli and hardness from linearity are obtained for TiC–HfC, whereas, for TiC–TaC, these characteristics are above their linear interpolation between the end members. Concentration dependences of the Debye temperature for both systems have a negative curvature. To clarify a possible mechanism of stabilization or destabilization of these solid solutions and other similar carbide systems, mixing energies of the M11−xM2xC alloys, where M1 and M2 are the transition metals of the IV, V, and partially VI groups, were calculated. It is found that the behavior of mixing energies for the M1C–M2C alloys with M1 and M2 of different groups depending on composition is determined by the difference between cell volumes of the end members, ΔVC, the degree of occupancy of the metal band, and the shape of the density of states in the metal band region. Values of ΔVC mainly are responsible for positive mixing energies of the alloys with valence electron concentrations (VECs) equal to 8 and 9 for which occupancy of the metal band weakly changes with composition. The maximum hardness of the solid solutions for which VECs of the end members are different is predicted to be reached for the compositions with VECs = 8.5–8.75.
Optical properties of Mn2+ doped CsCdF3: A potential real-time and retrospective UV and X-ray dosimeter material
Authors: Schuyt J. J. , Williams G. V. M.
Published: June 2019

Luminescence measurements of CsCdF3:Mn reveal material properties suitable for UV and X-ray sensing. Mn2+ substitutes for Cd2+ with octahedral crystal field parameters 10Dq = 7020 ± 120 cm−1 and B = 773 ± 13 cm−1. UV stimulation at 250 nm results in intense Mn2+ emission and also in the production of F-centers and additional defects. Continuous 250 nm stimulation charges the material, enhancing the Mn2+ emission intensity over time due to the filling of shallow traps that contribute to persistent luminescence. When the stimulation is ceased, Mn2+ emission is observed as an afterglow. F-centers give rise to optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) that is temporally stable and can be stimulated at wavelengths near 300 nm. We propose a model that describes these effects, where UV stimulation results in electron transfer from Mn2+ to the conduction band and subsequent electron trapping in various defect states. X-ray stimulation produces Mn2+ radioluminescence that varies in intensity by 0.004%/Gy after a 300 Gy priming dose. The X-ray irradiation also produces OSL-active F-centers and the defects that cause the afterglow. Thermoluminescence measurements reveal low-temperature peaks that are correlated with the afterglow and high-temperature peaks that are correlated with the OSL, after both X-ray and UV irradiations. The luminescence of Mn2+ in CsCdF3:Mn may be useful for radiation sensing, where the real-time changes in Mn2+ emission under X-ray and UV stimulation allow for real-time dose measurements, and the OSL induced by each irradiation allows for retrospective dose monitoring.
Demonstration of spin transfer torque (STT) magnetic recording
Authors: Hong Jeongmin , Li Xin , Lee OukJae , Tian Weicheng , Khizroev Sakhrat , Bokor Jeffrey , You Long
Published: June 2019

In the magnetic hard disk drive industry, a continuous increase in the recording density requires higher anisotropy media in order to maintain thermal stability. However, further advances by scaling have run into a stumbling block due to limitations on the required magnetic fields, particularly for writing, which is currently being addressed by alternative approaches such as heat-assisted magnetic recording and microwave-assisted magnetic recording technologies. In this work, we investigate and demonstrate another alternative approach which is based on the effect of the spin transfer torque (STT). The approach uses tunneling spin-polarized currents, instead of magnetic fields, between a nanoscale magnetic probe and a magnetic recording media, both with a perpendicular anisotropy. Writing is performed by spin polarized electrons injected from the probe into the media, due to the STT effect. Reading is produced by the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect between the two magnetic layers, in the probe writer and the media substrate, respectively. The energy-efficient switching, with an energy of 3.1 MA/cm2, is confirmed through the TMR and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The demonstrated STT-based magnetic recording overcomes the magnetic field limitations to both writing and reading and thus paves the way for the next-generation energy-efficient and extremely high-density recording.
Deep learning inter-atomic potential model for accurate irradiation damage simulations
Authors: Wang Hao , Guo Xun , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Han , Xue Jianming
Published: June 2019

We propose a hybrid scheme that smoothly interpolates the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) screened nuclear repulsion potential with a deep learning potential energy model. The resulting deep potential-ZBL model can not only provide overall good performance on the predictions of near-equilibrium material properties but also capture the right physics when atoms are extremely close to each other, an event that frequently happens in computational simulations of irradiation damage events. We applied this scheme to the simulation of the irradiation damage processes in the face-centered-cubic aluminum system and found better descriptions in terms of the defect formation energy, evolution of collision cascades, displacement threshold energy, and residual point defects than the widely adopted ZBL modified embedded atom method potentials and their variants. Our work provides a reliable and feasible scheme to accurately simulate the irradiation damage processes and opens up extra opportunities to solve the predicament of lacking accurate potentials for enormous recently discovered materials in the irradiation effect field.
Density matrix dynamics in twin-formulation: An efficient methodology based on tensor-train representation of reduced equations of motion
Authors: Borrelli Raffaele
Published: June 2019

The twin-formulation of quantum statistical mechanics is employed to describe a new methodology for the solution of the equations of motion of the reduced density matrix in their hierarchical formulation. It is shown that the introduction of tilde operators and of their algebra in the dual space greatly simplifies the application of numerical techniques for the propagation of the density matrix. The application of tensor-train representation of a vector to solve complex quantum dynamical problems within the framework of the twin-formulation is discussed. Next, applications of the hierarchical equations of motion to a dissipative polaron model are presented showing the validity and accuracy of the new approach.
On a semiclassical model for ion-acoustic solitons in ultrarelativistic pair plasmas and its classical counterpart
Authors: Verheest Frank , Kourakis Ioannis
Published: June 2019

Large ion-acoustic solitary waves are investigated in a multispecies plasma model consisting of warm positive ions in the presence of ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons, in a Sagdeev pseudopotential formalism. A parametric investigation determines existence regions in terms of fractional densities, temperature ratios, and soliton speeds. Various examples of pseudopotential functional forms, as well as those of the resulting soliton and electric field profiles, can then be generated numerically, and some typical illustrations have been included. Rather than adiabatic pressure-density relations for the hot species, the classical nonrelativistic counterpart involves Boltzmann distributions, which differ qualitatively from the literature. Surprisingly, the soliton and electric field profiles show scant differences at the same compositional parameters between the two extremes even though the physical description of the hot species is radically different. A brief comparison has also been included between the fully nonlinear Sagdeev pseudopotential descriptions and their respective associated weak-amplitude limits (treated via a reductive perturbation technique) in which nonlinearities have been truncated to low powers of the electrostatic potential. Again, the soliton profiles are not radically different at comparable amplitudes, leaving the underlying physical reasons for such a similarity an open problem.
Time evolution of coupled multimode and multiresonator optomechanical systems
Authors: Bruschi David Edward
Published: June 2019

We study the time evolution of bosonic systems where multiple driven bosonic modes of light interact with multiple mechanical resonators through arbitrary, time-dependent, optomechanicallike interactions. We find the analytical expression for the full time evolution of the system and compute the expectation value of relevant quantities of interest. Among the most interesting ones, we are able to compute the first-order quantum bipartite coherence between pairs of subsystems, and the analytical expression for the mixedness induced by the nonlinear interaction in the reduced state of the mechanical oscillators. Finally, we also compare our results with a linearized version of the system, and we find a regime where there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the behavior of some measurable quantities. Our results can, therefore, be used to describe the full time-evolution of the system to characterize its nonlinear character and explore the validity of the linearization approach.
An Australian first initiative to re-develop the first commercial onshore oilfield into a CO2 miscible-EOR project
Authors: Barakat Stephanie , Cook Bob , D'Amore Karine , Diaz Alberto , Bracho Andres
Published: June 2019

The Moonie onshore oil field discovered in 1961, was the first commercial oil discovery in Australia. The field was purchased by Bridgeport Energy Limited (BEL) from Santos in late 2015. An Australian first initiative by BEL is to enhance oil production from the field using tertiary recovery CO2 miscible flood to maximise field oil recovery. The process involves an evaluation of well injection strategies for a miscible displacement process using reservoir simulation modelling. In addition, the project jointly addresses community concerns regarding the rise in greenhouse gas emissions by sourcing 60000–120000 tonnes/annum of CO2 from a nearby power station and/or an ethanol plant. Justified by laboratory experiments and reservoir compositional simulations, BEL’s project timeline to implement a CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pilot could start from 2020 followed by a 2–3-year full field oil production acceleration project if additional CO2 can be sourced. Based on incremental recovery and operational consideration, an injection well in the southern end of the field surrounded by six existing producers has been selected as a pilot flood. Positive indicative economics are achieved by the efficient displacement with CO2 of 8000 scf/bbl of incremental oil. Full field dynamic modelling predicts a further 8% oil recovery factor by injecting 60 Bcf of CO2 over five years, which could store in excess of three million tonnes of CO2. For the pilot, more than 90% of the injected CO2 will remain in the Precipice sandstone reservoir. However, the efficiency and viability of a CO2-EOR project is subject to successful implementation of the miscibility modelling, logistics and injection strategy and uncertainty quantification. To propel the project into the execution phase a fast-multiphase reservoir simulator has been implemented to complete a probabilistic range of results in optimal time.
The tax profile of different models of infrastructure asset ownership and funding
Authors: Chang Michael
Published: June 2019

There are several significant capital and infrastructure projects currently being undertaken in the oil and gas sector. This article will explore the tax issues associated with different models of infrastructure asset ownership and funding. This article will also discuss the tax profile of different investment vehicles, including the impact of recent legislative changes to the taxation of stapled structures and managed investment trusts.
Exploration of an unconventional petroleum resource through extensive core analysis and basin geology interpretation utilising play element methodology: the Lower Goldwyer Formation, onshore Canning Basin, Western Australia
Authors: van Hattum Jop , Bond Aaron , Jablonski Dariusz , Taylor-Walshe Ryan
Published: June 2019

Theia Energy Pty Ltd1 (Theia Energy) discovered a potential unconventional hydrocarbon resource in the Ordovician Lower Goldwyer (GIII) Formation shale located on the Broome Platform of the onshore Canning Basin. The collation, processing, analysis and interpretation of all available regional data culminated in a successful exploration well, Theia-1 (drilled in 2015), which, based upon petrophysical and core analyses, intersected a 70 m gross oil column at 1500–1570 m depth. Theia-1 recovered essential core and wireline log data required to analyse and assess the play elements and reservoir properties necessary for a viable shale oil and gas development. Utilisation of an ‘Unconventional Play Element’ methodology has proven the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of the GIII Formation, and preliminary modelling indicates that economic stimulated flow rates may be achieved. Further operations (a test well with multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation) are scheduled in the coming permit year to further quantify the presence of extractable organic matter in the GIII Formation, assess hydrocarbon flow rates, determine fluid composition and appraise commercial viability. This paper will discuss Theia Energy’s exploration campaign in the onshore Canning Basin starting with the regional evaluation, which encompassed all available geoscience data (offset wells, pre-existing seismic and potential analogue fields) and modern specialised shale analysis (sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, geochemistry, unconventional petrophysics and petroleum systems modelling), to develop a robust regional geological model for the GIII Formation. Pre-drill analysis reduced exploration risk and successfully identified the key geological play elements essential for the successful Theia-1 exploration evaluation program.
The use of integrated production modelling to assess network efficiency and production system optimisation
Authors: Fei Y. , Lydyard G. , Mantopoulos A. , Marques D. , Rondon M.
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the use of integrated production models to apply a consistent and repeatable approach to assess petroleum production network efficiency and aid production system optimisation. Assessing network efficiency in the manner detailed in this paper allows petroleum professionals to define a maximum network production through the analysis of the pressure drop within a network. This is achieved by comparing the system base production to a simulation of theoretical wellhead water separation (for all inflows), larger diameters of all surface pipelines (double the diameter is used as a maximum case) and a combination of the two using integrated production modelling (IPM). The combination of water separation and larger diameter of all the pipelines represented the maximum network production possible for tangible projects. This allowed the definition of network efficiency value of a petroleum production system on a scale of 0% to 100%. At a screening level, the lower the Network Efficiency Metric (NEM) the greater the likelihood of an optimisation opportunity, prompting additional assessment of special cases. This method was applied to a network of 40 wells using IPM, and NEM values of 95.9% (water separation), 94.6% (double pipeline diameter) and 83.5% (combined) were obtained. These values of network efficiency also corresponded to incremental reserve difference of 4.3, 5.8 and 20.1 Bscf, respectively. The NEM was a crucial component of the screening process and demonstrated an alternative and efficient method for the identification of optimisation projects, which increased production and reserves.
Synergies in the role of the Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment and the Independent Expert Scientific Committee on coal seam gas and large coal mining development in environmental assessments
Authors: Pigram Chris , Pandey Sanjeev , Baker Peter
Published: June 2019

The Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Large Coal Mining Development (IESC) is a statutory committee that provides scientific advice to Australian governments on the impacts that each coal seam gas (CSG) and large coal mining development may have on water resources. In this context, the IESC consider all aspects of a water resource, including water, organisms and ecosystems that contribute to or rely on them. The Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment (OGIA) is an independent statutory entity responsible for undertaking cumulative impact assessments from CSG and other petroleum production in Queensland, including the Surat Cumulative Management Area (CMA). OGIA also establishes impact management arrangements and identifies responsible tenure holders to implement specific aspects of those arrangements. Neither the IESC nor OGIA are regulators. Due to their respective functions both entities have different roles and interaction with CSG development in the Surat CMA. The IESC and OGIA engage regularly to ensure a shared understanding of knowledge, research and management. This paper provides an overview of key synergies between the roles and functions of the IESC and OGIA and considerations for proponents when using OGIA assessment in their environmental assessments that are referred to IESC for advice.
Being well and wellbeing: better understanding of patient priorities in primary care
Authors: Corin Andrew
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONAchieving desired health outcomes in primary care can be challenging because of dissonance between the theory and reality of medicine, inadequate understanding of patient perspectives and priorities regarding wellness, wellbeing and goals of treatment, and under-emphasis of the concept of whole-person care in the doctor–patient relationship.
ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEMSAnticipated dissonance in the doctor–patient relationship was explored using a self-designed audit, which also functioned as an educational and engagement tool.
Over a 12-month period, 282 adult patients (aged 24–94 years) provided responses to a question asking them to describe their best day in the context of their current health status. These responses were then entered into the Classifications field of the practice’s patient management system.
RESULTS OF ASSESSMENTMost respondents appreciated the opportunity, with a small number commenting on the challenging nature of the question.
STRATEGIES FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTEntering audit findings into the patient’s clinical record in a format accessible to all clinical staff enables increased opportunity for patients to be valued and engaged with. Goal setting and therapeutic choices can be made in the light of a better understanding of what matters most to the patient.
LESSONS AND MESSAGESThis project provided valuable and, at times surprising, information to clinical consultations that had not previously been obtained from or offered by patients. Such information requires an intentional, engaged and collaborative interaction with the patient, and enhances patient-centric consultations with a focus on whole-person care and wellness in the journey to therapeutic goals and health outcomes.
Lothar Becker’s contributions to anthropology
Authors: Howes Hilary
Published: June 2019

Warning
Readers of this article are warned that it may contain terms, descriptions and opinions that are culturally sensitive and/or offensive to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
Silesian traveller-naturalist Lothar Becker’s two visits to Victoria in 1849–52 and 1855–65 brought him into contact with Aboriginal people living in Western Victoria, Melbourne, the Murray River at Albury, and Gippsland. His travels took him to areas now recognised as the traditional lands of the Gunaikurnai, Wathaurung, Wiradjuri and Wurundjeri peoples. Becker’s publications include scattered observations on Aboriginal appearance, lifeways, diet, skills, and beliefs. Although these observations were limited by his inability to speak any Aboriginal languages and coloured by his assumptions about the inferiority of Aboriginal culture, they nevertheless document small but significant fragments of what has recently been termed ‘Aboriginal Biocultural Knowledge’.
The significance of mycological contributions by Lothar Becker
Authors: May Tom W. , Darragh Thomas A.
Published: June 2019

Warning Readers of this article are warned that it may contain terms, descriptions and opinions that are culturally sensitive and/or offensive to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Silesian-born Lothar Becker spent two periods in Australia, during which he made observations on a range of natural history topics, including fungi—a group of organisms rarely noticed by contemporary naturalists. Becker compiled notes, sketches and collections of Australian fungi that he sent to Elias Fries in Sweden for identification. Unfortunately, this material has not survived, but Becker’s accounts of his time in Australia, especially that published in Das Ausland in 1873, contain remarkable first-hand observations, including some on exotic fungi. Becker’s article is one of the earliest stand-alone analyses of the affinities of the Australian mycota. Remarks on the use of fungi by Aboriginal peoples of south-eastern Australia are particularly significant, due to inclusion of a word presumed to be from Aboriginal language and the suggestion of gendered roles in the collection of edible fungi.
Should we still use azithromycin for gonorrhoea treatment?
Authors: Mensforth Sarah , Ross Jonathan D. C.
Published: June 2019

This review presents the evidence for azithromycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea, both as monotherapy and as a component of dual therapy. Uncertainties are explored regarding the efficacy of a dual treatment strategy, combining ceftriaxone and azithromycin, in the context of resistance trends and extra-genital infections. The association between microbiological testing and clinical outcome for the individual patient, and the effect of azithromycin use on other sexually transmissible infections, are considered. Finally, in the absence of imminent new antimicrobials, optimising the dose of azithromycin while maintaining tolerability is discussed.
Therapy-Seeking Behavior among Parents Concerned about Their Adolescent's Substance Use
Authors: Kang Augustine W. , Escobar Katherine , Tavares Tonya , Helseth Sarah A. , Kelly Lourah M. , Becker Sara J.
Published: June 2019

Background

Among the most persistent public health problems in the United States is the gap between adolescents who need therapy for a substance use (SU) disorder and those who seek therapy. The role of parental factors (e.g., impressions of the adolescent's symptoms, sociodemographic factors) has been well documented in work examining adolescent help-seeking from professionals and paraprofessionals but has not been evaluated in studies of therapy-seeking for adolescents with SU. This study's primary objective was to identify parental sociodemographic and parent-reported clinical factors associated with therapy-seeking among parents concerned about their adolescent's SU. A secondary objective was to explore reasons why parents reported not seeking therapy and whether these reasons were associated with sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Methods

We conducted a survey of 411 parents of adolescents (age 12–19) who reported elevated concern about their adolescent's SU. Parents were asked whether their adolescent had a history of therapy, and those who reported no history were asked an open-ended question about reasons why they had not sought therapy. Responses were rated by 2 independent coders and used to sort parents into 3 groups: “treaters” (those who had sought therapy), “acknowledgers” (those who acknowledged their adolescent had SU problems but did not seek therapy), and “deniers” (those who denied their adolescent had SU problems). Multinomial logistic regression examined the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors and group membership.

Results

Multivariate analyses revealed that parent-reported SU severity, internalizing distress, and externalizing behavior problems were all associated with therapy-seeking behavior, with internationalizing distress emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, non-Hispanic white parents were more likely to seek therapy than minority parents.

Conclusions

Parent report of symptoms, especially internalizing distress, and parental race were associated with therapy-seeking behavior, highlighting opportunities for targeted outreach to engage parents in therapy.
Anti‐angiogenesis triggers exosomes release from endothelial cells to promote tumor vasculogenesis
Authors: Zeng Ye , Yao Xinghong , Liu Xiaoheng , He Xueling , Li Liang , Liu Xiaojing , Yan Zhiping , Wu Jiang , Fu Bingmei M.
Published: June 2019

Although anti‐angiogenic therapies (AATs) have some effects against multiple malignancies, they are limited by subsequent tumor vasculogenesis and progression. To investigate the mechanisms by which tumor vasculogenesis and progression following AATs, we transfected microRNA (miR)‐9 into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to mimic the tumor‐associated endothelial cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and simulated the AATs in vitro and in vivo. We found that administration of the angiogenesis inhibitor vandetanib completely abolished miR‐9‐induced angiogenesis and promoted autophagy in HUVECs, but induced the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐enriched exosomes. These VEGF‐enriched exosomes significantly promoted the formation of endothelial vessels and vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma and its progression in mice. Anti‐autophagic therapy is proposed to improve the efficacy of AATs. However, similar effects by AATs were observed with the application of anti‐autophagy by 3‐methyladenine. Our results revealed that tumor vasculogenesis and progression after AATs and anti‐autophagic therapies were due to the cross‐talk between endothelial and tumor cells via VEGF‐enriched exosomes.
C3- and CR3-dependent microglial clearance protects photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Silverman Sean M. , Ma Wenxin , Wang Xu , Zhao Lian , Wong Wai T.
Published: June 2019

Complement activation has been implicated as contributing to neurodegeneration in retinal and brain pathologies, but its role in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited and largely incurable photoreceptor degenerative disease, is unclear. We found that multiple complement components were markedly up-regulated in retinas with human RP and the rd10 mouse model, coinciding spatiotemporally with photoreceptor degeneration, with increased C3 expression and activation localizing to activated retinal microglia. Genetic ablation of C3 accelerated structural and functional photoreceptor degeneration and altered retinal inflammatory gene expression. These phenotypes were recapitulated by genetic deletion of CR3, a microglia-expressed receptor for the C3 activation product iC3b, implicating C3-CR3 signaling as a regulator of microglia–photoreceptor interactions. Deficiency of C3 or CR3 decreased microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic photoreceptors and increased microglial neurotoxicity to photoreceptors, demonstrating a novel adaptive role for complement-mediated microglial clearance of apoptotic photoreceptors in RP. These homeostatic neuroinflammatory mechanisms are relevant to the design and interpretation of immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches to retinal degenerative disease.
Interactions of Lump and Solitons to Generalized (2 + 1)-Dimensional Ito Systems*
Authors: Du Xuan , Lou Sen-Yue
Published: June 2019

The (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation is extended to a general form including some nonintegrable effects via introducing generalized bilinear operators. It is pointed out that the nonintegrable (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation contains lump solutions and interaction solutions between lump and stripe solitons. The result shows that the lump soliton will be swallowed or arisen by a stripe soliton in a fixed time. Furthermore, by the interaction between a lump and a paired resonant stripe soliton, the lump will be transformed to an instanton or a rogue wave.
Solution of the Dipoles in Noncommutative Space with Minimal Length*
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yao , Long Zheng-Wen , Long Chao-Yun
Published: June 2019

The single neutral spin-half particle with electric dipole moment and magnetic dipole moment moving in an external electromagnetic field is studied. The Aharonov-Casher effect and He-McKellar-Wilkens effect are emphatically discussed in noncommutative (NC) space with minimal length. The energy eigenvalues of the systems are obtained exactly in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. Additionally, a special case is discussed and the related energy spectra are plotted.
Analysis of the Possible

DD¯s0*(2317)

and

D*D¯s1*(2460)

Molecules with QCD Sum Rules*
Authors: Di Zun-Yan , Wang Zhi-Gang , Yu Guo-Liang
Published: June 2019

In this article, we assume that there exist the pseudoscalar

D

D
¯

s
0

*

(
2317
)

and

D
*

D
¯

s
1

*

(
2460
)

molecular states Z1,2 and construct the color singlet-singlet molecule-type interpolating currents to study their masses with the QCD sum rules. In calculations, we consider the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 and use the formula

μ
=

M

X
/
Y
/
Z

2

−

(
2

M
c

)

2

to determine the energy scales of the QCD spectral densities. The numerical results,

M

Z
1

=

4.61

−
0.08

+
0.11

GeV

and

M

Z
2

=

4.60

−
0.06

+
0.07

GeV

, which lie above the

D

D
¯

s
0

*

(
2317
)

and

D
*

D
¯

s
1

*

(
2460
)

thresholds respectively, indicate that the

D

D
¯

s
0

*

(
2317
)

and

D
*

D
¯

s
1

*

(
2460
)

are difficult to form bound state molecular states, the Z1,2 are probably resonance states.
Accretion onto Charged Black Holes in Einstein and Massive Theories of Gravity*
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Chaudhary Shahid
Published: June 2019

The accretion process is being investigated onto some important black holes such as Born-Infeld-AdS black hole, non-linear charged black hole solution in AdS space-time and Einstein-Yang-Mills massive gravity in the presence of Born-Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics. We find out the relations of radial velocity, energy density and change of mass for mention black holes and analyze their behavior graphically for different values of equation of state parameters ω. We also examine the relations for critical speed for these black holes. It is observed that for different state parameters different fluids exhibit different evolutions in black holes backgrounds. The energy density of some fluids is negative or positive near the black hole while other fluids become cause to increase or decrease in black hole mass.
Entropy Evolution in the Interior Volume of a Charged f(R) Black Hole*
Authors: Ali Shad , Wang Xin-Yang , Liu Wen-Biao
Published: June 2019

Based on the 4-dimensional black hole solution of f(R) theory coupled to a nonlinear Maxwell field, we calculate the interior volume of a charged f(R) black hole using the method proposed by Christodoulou and Rovelli. Considering massless scalar field in the interior volume and Hawking radiation carrying only energy, we calculate the entropy of the scalar field inside a charged f(R) black hole and investigate the evolution of the entropy under Hawking radiation. In the meantime, the evolution of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy under Hawking radiation has also been calculated. Based on these results, the proportional relation is obtained between the evolution of the scalar field entropy and the evolution of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy under Hawking radiation. According to the result, we investigate and discuss how the modified coefficient b in f(R) gravity theory affects the evolution relation between the two types of entropy. It is shown that the radiation rate for Hawking radiation of a charged f(R) black hole can increase with the modified coefficient b.
Relativistic Self-Focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisionless Plasma with Exponential Density Transition
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Ahmad Wani Manzoor , Kant Niti
Published: June 2019

This work reveals an exploration of self-focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam in a collisionless plasma under relativistic nonlinearity. Self-focusing along with self-trapping of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam are analyzed for different values of laser intensity, plasma density, and decentered parameters. Mathematical analysis displays that these parameters play a major role in achieving the stronger and earlier self-focusing. Further, a comparative study between self-focusing of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian laser beam with and without exponential density ramp profile is introduced. Plasma density transition with exponential profile is found to be more effective in order to have stronger self-focusing. The present analysis may lead to very useful applications in the field of efficient harmonic generation, laser driven fusion etc.