bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación al estudio sobre el Modelo de mujer espiritual de los eclesiásticos en la Edad Moderna
Authors: Pons Fuster Francisco
Published: December 2016

Resumen: El modelo de mujer espiritual, de beata, fue siempre el mismo a lo largo de la Edad Moderna. En todas las vidas de mujeres, los biógrafos siguieron un patrón o arquetipo y éste se reprodujo hasta bien entrado el siglo XVIII, y perduró hasta el siglo XIX. No obstante, es necesario profundizar en cada una de las biografías para comprender que cada vida de mujer fue también única y singular. Solamente de este modo cada una de estas mujeres podrá recobrar el protagonismo que tuvo.   Palabras clave: Beata, Edad Moderna, biografía, confesores, espiritualidad.  Abstract: The model of a spiritual woman, a laywoman (beata), was always the same all throughout Modern Age. In all women’s lives, biographers followed a pattern or archetype and this was reproduced  until well into the eighteenth century, and persisted up to the ninteenth century. However, it is necessary to explore each biography in more detail, to understand  that each woman’s life was also one and unique. Only in that way, each of those women will be able to recover the prominence they once had.   Keywords: Laywoman, Modern Age, biography, father confessor, spirituality.
Ressenya a Carles Gassulla d’Ursino, Poesia festiva. A cura de Vicent J. Escartí, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2015
Authors: Kotatkova Adela
Published: December 2016

Ressenya a Carles Gassulla d’Ursino, Poesia festiva. A cura de Vicent J. Escartí, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2015, 224 pp. ISBN:  ISBN: 978-84-7822-679-5 Review to Carles Gassulla d’Ursino, Poesia festiva. A cura de Vicent J. Escartí, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2015, 224 pp. ISBN:  ISBN: 978-84-7822-679-5
Five suggestions for substantial NIH reforms
Authors: Rosbash Michael
Published: December 2016

The National Institutes of Health needs to make radical changes to ensure that biomedical research continues to thrive in the United States.
These feet were made for walking
Authors: Jungers William L
Published: December 2016

New fossil footprints excavated at the famous Laetoli site in Tanzania suggest that our bipedal ancestors had a wide range of body sizes.
Distribution and characteristic of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria by comparative analysis of wastewater treatment plants and agriculture fields in northern China
Authors: Hu Zhen , Ma Ru
Published: December 2016

Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) is a recently discovered biological process which has been arousing global attention because of its potential in minimizing greenhouse gases emissions. In this study, molecular biological techniques and potential n-damo activity batch experiments were conducted to investigate the presence and diversity ofM. oxyferabacteria in paddy field, corn field, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sites in northern China, as well as lab-scale n-damo enrichment culture. N-damo enrichment culture showed the highest abundance ofM. oxyferabacteria, and positive correlation was observed between potential n-damo rate and abundance ofM. oxyferabacteria. Both paddy field and corn field sites were believed to be better inoculum than WWTP for the enrichment ofM. oxyferabacteria due to their higher abundance and the diversity ofM. oxyferabacteria. Comparative analysis revealed that long biomass retention time, low NH${}_{4}^{+}$ and high NO${}_{2}^{-}$ content were suitable for the growth ofM. oxyferabacteria.
The Others as Social Context: On the Importance of Strategic Interaction
Authors: Diekmann Andreas
Published: December 2016

An action is defined as “strategic” when the consequences of ego's action depend on the action of alter. Situations of strategic interaction are numerous in daily life, business, and politics. Other peoples' opportunities of actions form ego's strategic context. The dynamics of the impact of the strategic context on ego's action can be modeled by means of game theory. We discuss three examples of strategic interaction models: “Diffusion of responsibility,” Boudon's “logic of relative frustration,” and the problem of social exchange and trust. We demonstrate the effects of the strategic context on the opportunities and beliefs of actors. In contrast to nonstrategic rational choice theory, beliefs and opportunities are not assumed as exogenous. The analysis of the strategic context contributes to a better understanding of the microlevel effects and the macrolevel implications. However, the strict rationality requirements of game models are often violated. In these situations, evolutionary models based on principles of learning and adaptions are more adequate than models based on assumptions of strict rationality.
Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Collective Decisions
Authors: Patty John W.
Published: December 2016

In practical terms, political legitimacy is a subjective phenomenon, based on individuals' perceptions. These perceptions are based on four factors: the distributive efficiency of the outcomes from the decision, the distributive fairness of those outcomes, the equal access of the process used to make the decision, and the accountability of that process. In addition to discussing those factors, I also address the related questions of what factors lead individuals to make legitimacy judgments and the types of situations in which these judgments are most important.
The Great Recession and Young Adults' Labor Market Outcomes around the World
Authors: Mont'Alvao Arnaldo , Johnson Monica K.
Published: December 2016

In this essay, we consider the impacts of the Great Recession on youth labor market prospects around the world. Young adults were especially affected by the crisis, experiencing heightened levels of unemployment, underemployment, and idleness. We highlight how variations in social context as well as youth status characteristics and skill levels matter in how youth fare in the labor market. We also draw connections to other important outcomes, such as college enrollments and migration. Our discussion points to important lines of inquiry needing development, especially regarding the plight of youth in developing countries and much needed evaluation of institutional and policy changes that have been designed to promote successful transitions to adulthood despite the economic challenges youth face.
Social‐Emotional Responding: A Perspective from Developmental Psychology
Authors: Malti Tina , Sette Stefania , Dys Sebastian P.
Published: December 2016

Social‐emotional responding(SER) refers to (i) an individual's awareness and understanding of emotional experiences in the self and others, (ii) expression of emotions, and (iii) emotion regulation capacities. The normative development of these responses is considered a central component of human development. This is because SER underlies our capacities to express other‐oriented behaviors and cope with challenges of everyday life in adaptive and socially responsible ways. The goal of this essay is to identify emerging trends in this area of developmental research. We first discuss central conceptual issues in social‐emotional development and present a conceptual framework from developmental psychology to study SER. Next, we identify current shortcomings in research on SER. We focus on three central components of SER: self‐conscious emotions, other‐oriented emotions, and emotion regulation. On the basis of our analyses of the current gaps, we highlight three promising attempts to solve some of the current shortcomings in this literature: attempts to understand developmental relations among self‐conscious emotions, other‐oriented emotions, and emotion regulation capacities; attempts to identify psychological, neural, and behavioral mechanisms underlying social‐emotional responding, and; the application of this knowledge to interventions that concern children and families.
Positive Developments During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Noam Gil G. , Triggs Bailey
Published: December 2016

The transition into adulthood, that phase between childhood and adulthood that we traditionally termadolescence, has undergone a rapid evolution in meaning. Our concept of the definition of what makes an adolescent has certainly changed since the seminal work of Erik Erikson. The boundaries of adolescence have been pushed both earlier, with puberty rates falling in the past two decades for girls even younger than 10 and extending for serious brain researchers to ages 25 and even 30. With the definition of adolescence potentially expanding from 7‐ to 30‐year‐olds, an over 20‐year age gap, it is no wonder that the unifying construct of adolescence is in trouble. This essay address the foundational research that laid the groundwork for our modern conception and understanding of emerging adulthood as differentiated from adolescence and full adulthood. It will review current thinking in this area and introduce a developmental process theory (DPT) that exposes the positives of our evolved definition of adulthood, as well as discuss avenues for further research and growth in this area.
The Politically Motivated Reasoning Paradigm, Part 1: What Politically Motivated Reasoning Is and How to Measure It
Authors: Kahan Dan M.
Published: December 2016

Recent research identifiespolitically motivated reasoningas the source of persistent public conflict over policy‐relevant facts. This essay, the first in a two‐part set, presents a basic conceptual model—thePolitically Motivated Reasoning Paradigm—and an experimental setup—thePMRP design—geared to distinguishing the influence of PMRP from a truth‐seeking Bayesian process of information processing and from recurring biases understood to be inimical to the same. It also discusses alternative schemes for operationalizing “motivating” group predispositions and the characteristics of valid study samples for examining this phenomenon.
Bogoriella
Authors: Groth Ingrid , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Kämpfer Peter
Published: December 2016

Bo.go.ri.el'la. N.L. dim. fem. n.
Bogoriella
named after Lake Bogoria, Kenya.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Bogoriellaceae / Bogoriella

The mono‐specific genus
Bogoriella
belongs based on the 16S rRNA gene sequece pyhlogeny together with the genera
Georgenia
and
Oceanitalea
to the family
Bogoriellaceae
. Cells are irregularly shaped rods or cocci. Filaments, up to 10 μm, may appear. Cells occur singly, in pairs, or in small clusters. Gram‐stain‐positive. Not acid fast. Endospores are not formed. Nonmotile. Aerobic to microaerobic. Colonies are circular, smooth, slightly convex, glistening, and pale to intense yellow. Growth temperature 28–37°C. Alkaliphilic. Oxidase‐negative; catalase‐positive. The peptidoglycan type is A4α with
L
‐lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an
L
‐Lys–
L
‐Ala–
L
‐Ala–
L
‐Glu interpeptide bridge. The acyl type is acetyl. Galactose is the only whole‐cell sugar. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK‐8(H4). The phospholipids are phosphaditylglycerol, diphosphaditylglycerol, phosphaditylinositol, and an unknown phospholipid. The cellular fatty acid profile is dominated by the occurrence of anteiso‐branched‐chain acids; iso‐branched‐chain acids occur in minor amounts. Mycolic acids are absent. The genomic DNA G+C content is 70 mol%.
M
ethanosphaerula
Authors: Zinder Stephen , Cadillo‐Quiroz Hinsby
Published: December 2016

Me.tha.no.sphae'ru.la. N.L. pref.
methano
‐ pertaining to methane; L. fem. n.
sphaerula
a small sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Methanosphaerula
, methane producing small sphere.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobia / Methanocellales / Methanoregulaceae / Methanosphaerula

The genus
Methanosphaerula
consists of a single species,
Methanosphaerula palustris
, isolated from a neutral pH minerotrophic fen.
M. palustris
is hydrogenotrophic and also uses formate. It forms small irregular cocci, often in pairs that stain Gram‐positive.
M. palustris
is a mesophile that grows from pH 4.8 to 6.4 and is inhibited by >100 mM NaCl and >100 μM sulfide. The genus
Methanosphaerula
is a member of the family
Methanoregulaceae
in the order
Methanomicrobiales
, and there appears to be limited phylogenetic diversity in environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences related to
M. palustris
, suggesting perhaps only one other species in this genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55.35 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methanosphaerula palustris
E1‐9c Cadillo‐Quiroz, Yavitt and Zinder 2009, 933
VP
.
Womanist Pedagogical Love as Justice Work on College Campuses: Reflections from Faithful Black Women Academics
Authors: Edwards Kirsten T. , Thompson Valerie J.
Published: December 2016

In this chapter, the authors decenter soulless curricular and administrative practices in collegiate settings and re‐conceptualize justice work through faith as a labor of love.
Spirit‐ness at Work: Connections Between Workplace Spirituality, Transformative Learning, and Social Justice
Authors: E. Tolliver Derise
Published: December 2016

The workplace is a place where we show up as human beings, subject to human experience. People are no longer willing to leave their spirit‐ness at the door. In reality, spirit‐ness shows up “without permission” as a revolutionary, powerful, and transformative way of being in a world that too often supports status quo activities that are often socially unjust.
The Enlightened Revelation: Toward a Spirit‐Centered, Socially Just Workplace
Authors: Byrd Marilyn Y.
Published: December 2016

This chapter introduces the enlightened revelation framework, a spiritual response to social injustice. The enlightened revelation framework uses a philosophical discourse as a means to promote spiritually engaging and morally responsible workplaces.
Covert narrative capacity: Mental life in patients thought to lack consciousness
Authors: Naci Lorina , Graham Mackenzie , Owen Adrian M. , Weijer Charles
Published: December 2016

Despite the apparent absence of external signs of consciousness, a significant proportion of behaviorally nonresponsive patients can respond to commands by willfully modulating their brain activity. However, little is known about the mental life of these patients. We discuss a recent innovative approach, which sheds light on the preserved cognitive capacities of these patients, including executive function, theory of mind, and the experience of affective states. This research represents a fundamental shift in our understanding of these patients, and has important implications for both their continued treatment and care. Moreover, this research marks out avenues for future inquiry into the residual cognitive capacities of these patients.
Assessing the Initial Pleasantness for Fading Affect, Fixed Affect, Flourishing Affect, and Flexible Affect Events
Authors: Gibbons Jeffrey A. , Rollins Leslie
Published: December 2016

Over time, autobiographical memories demonstrate fixed affect (i.e., maintain initial affect), fading affect, flourishing affect (i.e., increased affect), or flexible affect (i.e., change from unpleasant to pleasant or vice versa). Walker and Skowronski argued that events low in initial pleasantness are more likely to exhibit flourishing affect and flexible affect and that unpleasant events are more likely to demonstrate flexible affect than pleasant events. However, because of the low frequency of flourishing affect and flexible affect events in individual studies, research had not examined differences between these event categories. The present study examined initial pleasantness ratings for fading affect, fixed affect, flourishing affect, and flexible affect events across four published studies. We expected and generally found lower initial pleasantness for flourishing affect and flexible affect events than for fading affect and fixed affect events. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convince Me: The Effects of Persuasive Writing on Event Centrality
Authors: Lancaster Steven L. , Erbes Christopher R.
Published: December 2016

Recent research has demonstrated that event centrality, the degree to which an event has become part of one's identity, predicts post‐event distress. However, little research has examined factors or situations which may increase centrality. The aim of the current study was to examine how the instructions in a writing task may impact event centrality. Participants identified their ‘worst’ event and then either wrote persuasively about the impact of the event or wrote a factual account of the event and completed self‐report measures pre‐writing and post‐writing. We found no group differences when examining all participants; however, we did find significantly higher centrality in the persuasive group for those participants who had experienced a traumatic event as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Our results demonstrate that event centrality is amenable to change in response to written interventions, and these results may have significant implications for situations in which individuals are required to convincingly describe their traumatic experiences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Procedural Multimedia Presentations: The Effects of Working Memory and Task Complexity on Instruction Time and Assembly Accuracy
Authors: Irrazabal Natalia , Saux Gastón , Burin Debora
Published: December 2016

Procedural text conveys information of a series of steps to be performed. This study examined the role of verbal and visuo‐spatial WM in comprehension and execution of assembly instructions, as a function of format (text, images, multimedia) and task complexity (three or five steps). One hundred and eight participants read and executed 27 instructions to assemble a LEGOTM object, in single and dual task conditions. Study times and errors during assembly were measured. Participants processed faster pictorial and multimedia instructions than text instructions, and made fewer errors in the execution of multimedia instructions. Dual task affected more text or picture‐only, than multimedia presentation. A verbal secondary task caused more errors in text or picture‐only presentations, and spatial secondary task also caused interference in text‐only instructions. Overall, these results support the multimedia advantage, and the role of both verbal and visuo‐spatial WM, when understanding instructions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potassium Prussian Blue Nanoparticles: A Low‐Cost Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chenglin , Xu Yang , Zhou Min , Liang Liying , Dong Huishuang , Wu Minghong , Yang Yi , Lei Yong
Published: December 2016

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) in organic electrolytes hold great promise as an electrochemical energy storage technology owing to the abundance of potassium, close redox potential to lithium, and similar electrochemistry with lithium system. Although carbon materials have been studied as KIB anodes, investigations on KIB cathodes have been scarcely reported. A comprehensive study on potassium Prussian blue K0.220Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.805⋅4.01H2O nanoparticles as a potential cathode material is for the first time reported. The cathode exhibits a high discharge voltage of 3.1–3.4 V, a high reversible capacity of 73.2 mAh g−1, and great cyclability at both low and high rates with a very small capacity decay rate of ≈0.09% per cycle. Electrochemical reaction mechanism analysis identifies the carbon‐coordinated FeIII/FeII couple as redox‐active site and proves structural stability of the cathode during charge/discharge. Furthermore, for the first time, a KIB full‐cell is presented by coupling the nanoparticles with commercial carbon materials. The full‐cell delivers a capacity of 68.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and retains 93.4% of the capacity after 50 cycles. Considering the low cost and material sustainability as well as the great electrochemical performances, this work may pave the way toward more studies on KIB cathodes and trigger future attention on rechargeable KIBs.
Zum Einfluß des gelösten organischen Kohlenstoffs (DOC) auf das Mobilitätsverhalten einiger Pestizide
Authors: Huber S. A. , Scheunert I. , Dörfler U. , Frimmel F. H.
Published: December 2016

Mit Hilfe mehrerer unterschiedlicher Verfahren (Becherglasversuche und Chromatographie) wurden Wechselwirkungen von natürlicher organischer Substanz mit zwei Pestiziden (Terbutylazin und Pendimethalin; z.T. radioaktiv markiert) untersucht. Erhebliche Anteile der Wirkstoffe sind bereits nach 24 Stunden Kontaktzeit mit kolloiden und hochmolekularen organischen Stoffen z.T. irreversibel assoziiert. Diese Wechselwirkungen treten sowohl bei Bodenhuminstoffen als auch im Grundwasser‐DOC auf. Das chromatographische Verhalten der Assoziate weist auf eine erhöhte Mobilität der Wirkstoffe im Untergrund hin.
Beitrag zur Charakterisierung und Identifizierung organischer Stoffe niederer molarer Massen in biologischen Kläranlagenabläufen
Authors: Elsäßer W. , Gilbert E. , Eberle S. H.
Published: December 2016

Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Identifizierung niedermolekularer Stoffe (Molmassenbereich <1000 Dalton) in kommunalen Kläranlagenabläufen. In einem Überblick wird aufgezeigt, daß meist über Bestimmung von summarischen Meßgrößen im günstigsten Fall 25% der niedermolekularen Stoffe bezogen auf den organischen Kohlenstoff charakterisiert werden können. Zur Identifizierung von Einzelverbindungen wird ein Weg zur Abtrennung der niedermolekularen Fraktion vom hochmolekularen Anteil sowie von den anorganischen Salzen beschrieben (Gefrieranreicherung, Membranfiltration, Elektrodialyse, Vakuumverdampfung, Gefriertrocknung). Mit Hilfe der GC‐MS‐Kopplung konnten 87 Verbindungen identifiziert werden, wobei hier erstmals ein hoher Anteil von Heteroverbindungen (vorwiegend stickstoffhaltig) zu verzeichnen war. Nach Abschätzung liegen ihre Konzentrationen zwischen 0,1 und 3 μg/1. Da die insgesamt identifizierten Stoffe nur etwa 3% des niedermolekularen Anteils – bezogen auf den DOC – ausmachen, ist davon auszugehen, daß in Kläranlagenabläufen mit einer großen Vielfalt niedermolekularer Verbindungen in jeweils sehr geringen Konzentrationen <1 μg/1 zu rechnen ist.
On‐Line Monitoring mit Biosensoren am Gewässer zur ereignisgesteuerten Probenahme
Authors: Hansen P.‐D.
Published: December 2016

Es besteht ein Bedarf für schnelle, einfache und preiswerte Durchflußmeßsysteme zur Wasserqualitätsprüfung. Neben den herkömmlichen chemisch‐physikalischen, einzelstoffbezogenen Meßmethoden gewinnen die biologischen und biochemischen Meßmethoden zur integralen Erfassung von Schadstoffen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die mit Cyanobakterien (Synechococcus spec.) belegten Elektroden werden als Biosensoren zur direkten Erfassung der toxischen Effekte von Schadstoffen eingesetzt. Die Messungen des photosynthetischen Elektronen‐Transportsystems PETS erfolgen bei Licht‐/Dunkelwechsel in einer Durchflußzelle gegen eine Ag/AgCl‐Referenzelektrode. Ein sogenannter Mediator, hier ein Fe(II)/Fe(III)‐Redoxsystem, ermöglicht den Stromfluß. Ein Meßzyklus der Elektrode läuft innerhalb von zwei Minuten ab, und nach 10 Minuten liegt ein durch Mehrfach‐messungen abgesichertes Ergebnis vor (Nachweisgrenze für Atrazin = < 20 μg/L Atrazin). Ähnliche Untersuchungen wurden mit einer mit E. coli belegten Elektrode durchgeführt.
Microbiological‐Immunological Rapid Method to Detect Legionellaceae in Water
Authors: Hübner I. , Obst U. , Steinmetz I. , Bitter‐Suermann D.
Published: December 2016

Specific and sensitive immunological assays for the detection of bacteria are able to substitute the conventional microbiological control of drinking water. In cooperation with the Medical University of Hannover immunological assays were developed based on monoclonal antibodies against specific bacterial antigens. The immunological methods were combined with a shortened microbiological pre‐enrichment, because the sensitivity of the immunoassays was too low to fulfill the requirements of the drinking water ordinance. Legionella colonies grown on a solid selective medium are detectable within 2 h only by an immunological dot‐blot method using a monoclonal antibody against the legionella heat shock protein. The method proved its validity in first test series at the municipal water works Mainz and will be screened intensively in further studies. The intent is to find a standardization analogous to that of the immunological detection of enterobacteria [1].
Molluscicidal Activity of Euphorbiales against the Snail Indoplanorbis exustus
Authors: Singh A. , Agarwal R. A.
Published: December 2016

Mortality caused to the snail Indoplanorbis exustus by the latices of four species of plants belonging to the family euphorbiaceae has been reported. This snail is the vector of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It was found that very low concentrations of the latex were effective in killing the snails. The order of toxicity of the four plants was E. royleana > E. antisyphilitica > E. lactea cristata > J. gossypiifolia. The toxic activity of these plants was marginally lost after extraction by organic solvents. The toxic effect of all the plants was both dose and time dependent. It has been suggested that the latex of these plants may eventually find use as molluscicides in the field.
CPR News
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: December 2016

The International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution noted the Nov. 7 passing of former U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno, expressing sympathy to her family, friends and colleagues, on its website and in social media.
Exoten auf dem Vormarsch: Riesen‐Weberknecht, Buchsbaumzünsler und Nilgans
Authors: Petrischak Hannes
Published: December 2016

Unter den zahlreichen Neozoen in Mitteleuropa sorgen diese drei Arten in jüngster Zeit für besonderes Aufsehen: Noch nicht identifizierte “Riesen‐Weberknechte” (Leiobunum sp. A) formen tagsüber an Gebäuden spektakuläre Ansammlungen, der Buchsbaumzünsler (Cydalima perspectalis) bringt in immer mehr Städten und Ortschaften Gartenfreunde zur Verzweiflung und die Nilgans (Alopochen aegyptiacus) ist aktueller Ausbreitungs‐Rekordhalter bei den eingeschleppten Vögeln.
Reduced interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 but not in CA3 region of mice subjected to chronic mild stress
Authors: Gilabert‐Juan Javier , Bueno‐Fernandez Clara , Castillo‐Gomez Esther , Nacher Juan
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy and decreases spine density in excitatory hippocampal neurons, although there is also ample evidence indicating that the GABAergic system is altered in the hippocampus after this aversive experience. Chronic stress causes dendritic remodeling both in excitatory neurons and interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.

Methods

In order to know whether it also has an impact on the structure and neurotransmission of hippocampal interneurons, we have analyzed the dendritic arborization, spine density, and the expression of markers of inhibitory synapses and plasticity in the hippocampus of mice submitted to 21 days of mild restrain stress. The analyses were performed in GIN mice, a strain that displays EGFP‐labeled interneurons.

Results

We observed a significant decrease in the dendritic arborization of interneurons in the CA1 region, which did not occur in those in CA3. We found neither changes in dendritic spine density in these regions nor alterations in the number of EGFP‐positive interneurons. Nevertheless, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was reduced in different layers of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. No significant changes were found in the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) or synaptophysin.

Conclusions

Chronic stress reduces the interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 region of the hippocampus but not in CA3.
Were student‐athlete's inappropriate comments sufficient to avoid dismissal?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: December 2016

Ebonee Tate was on the women's basketball team at Paris Junior College in 2011, Sean LeBeauf was her coach, and Pam Anglin was president of the college. According to Tate, LeBeauf began to make romantic gestures toward her in December, including blowing her a kiss at a school event, and grabbing her face on another occasion and telling her she was pretty.
Strain‐ and time‐dependent alterations in hepatic iron metabolism in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Bloomer Steven A. , Olivier Alicia K. , Bergmann Ottar M. , Mathahs M. Meleah , Broadhurst Kimberly A. , Hicsasmaz Hasan , Brown Kyle E.
Published: December 2016

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a common liver disease that is often accompanied by dysregulated iron metabolism. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that aberrant iron metabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is modulated by genetic susceptibility to inflammation and oxidative stress. Hepatic histology and iron content were assessed in 3 inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H/HeJ) fed an atherogenic diet (AD). Hepatic expression of genes relevant to iron metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress were quantitated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. At 6 weeks on the AD, histologic injury and induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress‐associated gene expression were most pronounced in C57BL/6. At 18 weeks on the AD, these parameters were similar in C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Atherogenic diet–fed C3H/HeJ showed milder responses at both time points. The AD was associated with decreased hepatic iron concentrations in all strains at 6 and 18 weeks. The decrease in hepatic iron concentrations did not correlate with changes in hepcidin expression and was not associated with altered expression of iron transporters. These findings are similar to those observed in models of obesity‐induced steatosis and indicate that hepatic steatosis can be associated with depletion of iron stores that is not explained by upregulation of hepcidin expression by inflammation.

Significance of the study

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common liver disease that often accompanies the metabolic syndrome. The latter condition has been linked to iron deficiency and diminished intestinal iron absorption, likely the result of hepcidin upregulation by chronic inflammation. Paradoxically, some NASH patients accumulate excess hepatic iron, which may increase fibrosis and cancer risk. Iron accumulation has been attributed to suppression of hepcidin by oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the contributions of inflammation and oxidative stress to altered hepatic iron metabolism in a murine model of NASH using inbred strains of mice with differing susceptibilities to injury.
Micro RNA‐550a interferes with vitamin D metabolism in peripheral B cells of patients with diabetes
Authors: He Jinggui , Guo Xiyun , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Ping‐Chang , Yang Shaobo
Published: December 2016

The pathogenesis of diabetes is to be further investigated. Vitamin D3 (VitD3) can improve diabetes. Micro RNAs (miR) are involved in regulating cell activities. This study tests a hypothesis that miR‐550a interferes with the metabolism of VitD3 in peripheral B cells. In this study, blood samples were collected from patients with diabetes and healthy persons. The B cells were isolated from the blood samples to be treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. The B cells were then collected and analyzed for the expression of miR‐550a and cyp27b1. The results showed that B cells from healthy subjects were capable of converting VitD metabolite calcidiol to calcitriol, which was impaired in B cells collected from diabetic patients. The diabetic patients showed lower bone mineral density than that in healthy subject. The miR‐550a was negatively correlated with bone mineral density and the Levels of cyp27b1 in peripheral B cells of patients with diabetes. In vitro study showed that TNF‐α increased miR‐550a expression and inhibited the expression of cyp27b1 in B cells. miR‐550a mediated the effects of TNF‐α on inducing chromatin remodeling at the cyp27b1 gene locus. In conclusion, miR‐550a mediates the TNF‐α‐induced suppression of cyp27b1 expression in peripheral B cells of patients with diabetes, which can be blocked by inhibition of miR‐550a.
Modulation of brown adipocyte activity by milk by‐products: Stimulation of brown adipogenesis by buttermilk
Authors: Asano Hiroki , Kida Ryosuke , Muto Kengo , Nara Takayuki Y. , Kato Ken , Hashimoto Osamu , Kawada Teruo , Matsui Tohru , Funaba Masayuki
Published: December 2016

Brown adipocytes dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1); Ucp1 expression is further upregulated by the stimulation of β‐adrenergic receptors in brown adipocytes. An increase in energy expenditure by activated brown adipocytes potentially contributes to the prevention of or therapeutics for obesity. The present study examined the effects of milk by‐products, buttermilk and butter oil, on brown adipogenesis and the function of brown adipocytes. The treatment with buttermilk modulated brown adipogenesis, depending on the product tested; during brown adipogenesis, buttermilk 1 inhibited the differentiation of HB2 brown preadipocytes. In contrast, buttermilk 3 and 5 increased the expression of Ucp1 in the absence of isoproterenol (Iso), a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, suggesting the stimulation of brown adipogenesis. In addition, the Iso‐induced expression of Ucp1 was enhanced by buttermilk 2 and 3. The treatment with buttermilk did not affect the basal or induced expression of Ucp1 by Iso in HB2 brown adipocytes, except for buttermilk 5, which increased the basal expression of Ucp1. Conversely, butter oil did not significantly affect the expression of Ucp1, irrespective of the cell phase of HB2 cells, ie, treatment during brown adipogenesis or of brown adipocytes. The results of the present study indicate that buttermilk is a regulator of brown adipogenesis and suggest its usefulness as a potential food material for antiobesity.
Transforming the Community College Student Experience Through Comprehensive, Technology‐Mediated Advising
Authors: Jaggars Shanna Smith , Karp Melinda Mechur
Published: December 2016

This chapter examines the use of technology and other structural changes to encourage comprehensive advising reforms.
Editorial Essay On business theory and influential scholarship: What makes research interesting?
Authors: Baba Vishwanath V.
Published: December 2016

Couched within a theory of business, I explore what makes business scholarship influential and examine aspects that make a paper interesting to its audience. I present a framework that combines several attributes of influential scholarship and a model for interesting research. I provide examples of interesting scholarship and theorize as to why they are interesting and why they might be influential. I conclude with suggestions for what individuals and institutions can do to promote and sustain influential scholarship. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INF2‐ and FHOD‐related formins promote ovulation in the somatic gonad of C. elegans
Authors: Hegsted Anna , Wright Forrest A. , Votra SarahBeth , Pruyne David
Published: December 2016

Formins are regulators of actin filament dynamics. We demonstrate here that two formins, FHOD‐1 and EXC‐6, are important in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for ovulation, during which actomyosin contractions push a maturing oocyte from the gonad arm into a distensible bag‐like organ, the spermatheca. EXC‐6, a homolog of the disease‐associated mammalian formin INF2, is highly expressed in the spermatheca, where it localizes to cell‐cell junctions and to circumferential actin filament bundles. Loss of EXC‐6 does not noticeably affect the organization the actin filament bundles, and causes only a very modest increase in the population of junction‐associated actin filaments. Despite absence of a strong cytoskeletal phenotype, approximately half of ovulations in exc‐6 mutants exhibit extreme defects, including failure of the oocyte to enter the spermatheca, or breakage of the oocyte as the distal spermatheca entrance constricts during ovulation. Loss of FHOD‐1 alone has little effect, and we cannot detect FHOD‐1 in the spermatheca. However, combined loss of these formins in double fhod‐1;exc‐6 mutants results in profound ovulation defects, with significant slowing of the entry of oocytes into the spermatheca, and failure of nearly 80% of ovulations. We suggest that EXC‐6 plays a role directly in the spermatheca, perhaps by modulating the ability of the spermatheca wall to rapidly accommodate an incoming oocyte, while FHOD‐1 may play an indirect role relating to its known importance in the growth and function of the egg‐laying muscles. © 2016 The Authors. Cytoskeleton Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LOVTRAP: A Versatile Method to Control Protein Function with Light
Authors: Wang Hui , Hahn Klaus M.
Published: December 2016

We describe a detailed procedure for the use of LOVTRAP, an approach to reversibly sequester and release proteins from cellular membranes using light. In the application described here, proteins that act at the plasma membrane are held at mitochondria in the dark, and reversibly released by irradiation. The technique relies on binding of an engineered Zdk domain to a LOV2 domain, with affinity <30 nM in the dark and >500 nM upon irradiation between 400 and 500 nm. LOVTRAP can be applied to diverse proteins, as it requires attaching only one member of the Zdk/LOV2 pair to the target protein, and the other to the membrane where the target protein is to be sequestered. Light‐induced protein release occurs in less than a second, and the half‐life of return can be adjusted using LOV point mutations (∼2 to 500 sec). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hepatic Vitamin A Content Investigation Using Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Legesse Fisseha Bekele , Heuke Sandro , Galler Kerstin , Hoffmann Patrick , Schmitt Michael , Neugebauer Ute , Bauer Michael , Popp Jürgen
Published: December 2016

The front cover artwork is provided by the research group of Prof. Dr. Jürgen Popp at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology. The image shows how coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is used to map the distribution of vitamin A localized in the hepatic stellate cells of the liver. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600929.
Histopathological Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle with Specific Reference to Mouse Models of Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Terry Rebecca L. , Wells Dominic J.
Published: December 2016

The muscular dystrophies are a diverse group of degenerative diseases for which many mouse models are available. These models are frequently used to assess potential therapeutic interventions and histological evaluation of multiple muscles is an important part of this assessment. Histological evaluation is especially useful when combined with tests of muscle function. This unit describes a protocol for necropsy, processing, cryosectioning, and histopathological evaluation of murine skeletal muscles, which is applicable to both models of muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular conditions. Key histopathological features of dystrophic muscle are discussed using the mdx mouse (a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy) as an example. Optimal handling during dissection, processing and sectioning is vital to avoid artifacts that can confound or prevent future analyses. Muscles carefully processed using this protocol are suitable for further evaluation using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, special histochemical stains, and immuoblotting. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermal and surface studies of unidirectional grown nickel sulfate added triglycine sulphate single crystal
Authors: Dizaji H. Rezagholipour , Zolfagharian N.
Published: December 2016

Triglycine sulfate crystal added with 0.5 mole% nickel sulfate of 15 mm diameter and 150 mm height has been grown from an aqueous solution using Sankaranarayanan–Ramamasamy (S‐R) method in [001] direction. The grown crystal was studied by various characterization techniques. Thermogravimetry analysis reveals that the NiSO4 added TGS crystal is more thermally stable than pure TGS crystal. The presence of nickel in the TGS‐NiSO4 crystal was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) technique and its concentration was found to be 284 ppm. The surface of the grown crystal was investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM). It revealed the surface defects of the doped TGS crystal.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology yield as a basis for morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic diagnosis in alk‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with atypical clinical presentation
Authors: Bogdanic Maja , Ostojic Kolonic Slobodanka , Kaic Gordana , Kardum Paro Mirjana Mariana , Lasan Trcic Ruzica , Kardum‐Skelin Ika
Published: December 2016

ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a T‐cell lymphoma usually occurring in children and young adults. It frequently involves lymph nodes and extranodal sites and is associated with favorable prognosis. A 20‐year old man was admitted for painful mass in the left axilla with overlying skin redness. Clinical presentation and US findings were highly suspicious for sarcoma. Definitive diagnosis was established cytolologically and using ancillary technologies from cytological samples. Fine needle aspiration cytology of tumor mass (lymph node conglomerate and surrounding tissue) show predominance of large, pleomorphic, atypical cells with large nuclei and vacuolised cytoplasm. Atypical cells immunocytochemically were positive for LCA, CD30, CD3, EMA, and ALK; negative for CD15 and CD56. NPM‐ALK transcript was detected by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCT). Molecular analysis of TCRß and TCRγ genes demonstrated clonal TCR genes rearrangement. Complex karyotype with multiple numerical and structural changes was found on conventional cytogenetics. These findings excluded sarcoma and corroborated the diagnosis of ALK positive ALCL. Cutaneous involvement in ALCL can clinically mimic sarcoma, especially in cases with localized disease without B symptoms. In those cases, immunostaining, PCR, and conventional cytogenetics are helpful to exclude sarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:51–54. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Latest Trends of Transformer Bushing Seismic Analysis
Authors: IWASAKI SHINYA , UCHIDA MASAKI , ETO ATSUSHI , KATO YOSHIHIRO , MIYAGAWA YOSHINORI , NARA TSUTOMU , SATO KENJI , TSUJI KAZUHIRO , TANAKA NAOKI
Published: December 2016

In Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake, many of the power equipment (especially center clamping type bushings for power transformers) were damaged due to the seismic motion that exceeds the design criteria. The problem of the conventional seismic analysis became clear as the actual damage was revealed. Since elaboration of seismic analysis and evaluation technology was called for, the elaboration possibility of seismic analysis was verified by carrying out comparison with various test results and the analysis result by the latest technique.
Flexible Coloring Element by Using Bending Deformation of Electroactive Hydrogel
Authors: USUKI KODAI , ONOE HIROAKI , IWASE EIJI
Published: December 2016

We demonstrated coloring elements with high ratio change of the coloring area by using bending deformation of electroactive hydrogel. By using the nondimensional deflection α of a gel, we showed that the response time for the color change and the thickness of the coloring element can be designed. We fabricated a 3 × 3 dot‐matrix display with α of 0.56 and evaluated the performance of the coloring element. As a result, the coloring area ratios in black state and colored state were 7.64 ± 4.6% and 92.1 ± 4.6%, respectively. The response times were 12 s from blank state to colored state, and 13 s from colored state to blank state.
Electrostatic Neutralization Characteristics of an AC‐Corona‐Discharge‐Type Ionizer in Mixed N2‐O2, N2‐SF6 Atmosphere
Authors: NEMOTO DAISUKE , KRISTANTO YUDI , HE WANTING , MATSUO TAKESHI , SATO NAOYUKI , OKANO KAZUO , IKEHATA TAKASHI
Published: December 2016

We are developing an electrostatic neutralizer operating in an atmosphere without oxygen for the organic electronics fabrication industry. As a part of the study, we investigated ion generation and neutralization characteristics of an ac‐corona‐discharge‐type ionizer in different atmospheric gases such as ambient air, pure nitrogen, and mixed N2‐O2 and N2‐SF6 gases, with changing the partial pressure of O2 and SF6, respectively. The I–V characteristic of the emitter shows that the negative current in N2 gas is significantly greater than the positive one; thus, the product final voltage VPF gives a significant deviation to a negative value (about –2 kV). However, by introducing SF6 gas by 0.01%, VPF reduces to about 0 V as that in ambient air. The amount of SF6 needed to improve the ion balance is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of O2, due to higher electronic affinity that a SF6 molecule has.
Ungulate control of grassland production: grazing intensity and ungulate species composition in Yellowstone Park
Authors: Frank Douglas A. , Wallen Rick L. , White P. J.
Published: December 2016

Knowledge of the envelope of grazing conditions within which grassland plant and soil processes are sustainable is important for the ecologically sound management of grazed grassland. Here we examined how a recent shift from elk to bison dominance of the northern ungulate community in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), and an associated increase in the duration that grassland was grazed, affected grazing intensity and aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Mean grazing intensity (GI, percentage ANPP removed) and stimulation (grazed ANPP minus ungrazed [exclosed] ANPP) were compared among three studies, two when elk (1988–1989, 1999–2001) and one when bison (2012–2014) dominated the northern YNP ungulate community. We also manipulated GI with small exclosures established for different lengths of time after the start of the growing season to directly determine the effect of the combination of grazing duration (GD) and GI on stimulation at a dry grassland and a mesic grassland. GI was greater under a bison‐dominant grazing regime (49%) compared with that measured during the two earlier periods when elk were the dominant ungulate species (31%, 13%). Plotting stimulation on GI for sites sampled across all three studies revealed a unimodal relationship, with peak stimulation of 34% occurring at a GI of 40%. Manipulating GI indicated that the greater GI and longer GD of grazing under a bison‐dominant regime reduced stimulation at a mesic grassland and negated it completely at a dry grassland. These findings revealed that a shift in the grazing ungulate community composition and an associated change in the migratory behavior of the dominant species impacted YNP grassland processes. Results also showed that grassland ANPP was resilient to the relatively high rates of prolonged grazing by the bison‐dominant community and did not reduce ANPP below paired, ungrazed conditions. However, YNP grassland should be continued to be monitored if such high rates of herbivory continue.