bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saúde bucal da criança indígena: estudo em uma Reserva Indígena da Amazônia
Authors: Branco Dimitra Castelo , Santos Antonio Maria de Souza , Nascimento Liliane Silva do
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever a condição de saúde bucal de crianças pertencentes à etnia Gavião, habitantes da Reserva Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, no Estado do Pará, considerando-se aspectos antropológicos do processo saúde-doença desse povo. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com 93 crianças indígenas de 2 a 8 anos, de ambos os sexos e habitantes da Reserva. Exames clínicos foram realizados, analisando-se a prevalência de cárie dentária e qualidade da higiene bucal e a determinação dos índices CPO-D e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS). Para a avaliação socioeconômica, de hábitos de higiene e alimentares foram aplicados questionários em forma de entrevistas aos responsáveis. Testes do Qui-quadrado e de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para analisar a associação entre variáveis, considerando-se valor de p ≤ 0,05.  Resultados: O CPO-D médio foi de 5. Verificou-se que 10,7% dos examinados estavam livres de cárie. O percentual do componente “cariado” foi maior que os demais componentes do índice para ambos os sexos. O IHOS médio encontrado foi de 2,3, não diferindo quanto ao sexo. Encontrou-se associação entre as varáveis: CPO-D/ceo-d e experiência de dor (p ≤ 0,02); CPO-D/ceo-d e o IHOS (p ≤0,0001) e entre idade e IHOS (p ≤ 0,0001). Evidenciou-se, portanto, alta prevalência de cárie e qualidade regular de higiene bucal entre os estudados. Conclusão: As crianças indígenas estudadas possuem índice acima da média nacional e regional, no que tange a doença cárie, quando comparado aos resultados nacionais aos 12 anos de idade. Os impactos trazidos pelo contato com a sociedade branca podem ter relação com a condição atual de saúde bucal desse povo.Descritores: Saúde de populações indígenas; Cárie dentária; Higiene bucal; Saúde bucal.
Efeitos da expansão rápida da maxila em indivíduos com síndrome de Down: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sabino Talita Barros , Moreira Matheus Henrique Guimarães Gualberto , Roque Tatiany Valente , Vale Miriam Pimenta Parreira do , Abreu Lucas Guimarães
Published: March 2023

Introdução: Indivíduos com síndrome de Down podem apresentar alterações dentárias e craniofaciais que necessitam de tratamento ortodôntico com expansão rápida da maxila.

Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar os efeitos da expansão rápida da maxila em indivíduos com síndrome de Down.

Materiais e Métodos: Buscas em quatro bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science e Scopus) foram realizadas para identificação de artigos avaliando os efeitos da expansão rápida da maxila em indivíduos com síndrome de Down. Títulos/resumos foram avaliados por dois autores de forma independente. Aqueles que preenchiam os critérios de elegibilidade eram incluídos. Os que contivessem informações insuficientes para uma decisão, tinha o texto completo recuperado. Após a avaliação dos textos completos, referências que atendessem os critérios de elegibilidade eram incluídas. Foi feita também uma busca manual na lista de referências dos artigos incluídos. Os dados dos artigos incluídos foram extraídos. A avaliação de qualidade dos estudos foi feita com a ferramenta Cochrane e o MINORS.

Resultados: As buscas recuperaram 289 referências. Após a remoção de 37 duplicatas, os títulos/resumos de 252 referências foram avaliados para aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. Destes 252, dois preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos. Seis não tinham informações suficientes para uma decisão, havendo a necessidade da recuperação do texto completo. Nenhum deles foi incluído. No primeiro estudo incluído, indivíduos com síndrome de Down submetidos a esse tratamento apresentaram uma melhora significante nos desfechos ronco, respiração bucal, inquietação, acordar repentinamente com suspiro, hábito de babar, articulação das palavras, protusão da língua e estética facial (p<0.05) quando comparados aos indivíduos do grupo controle. No segundo estudo, a maioria dos indivíduos com síndrome de Down submetidos a esse tratamento não apresentaram qualquer complicação.

Conclusões: A expansão rápida da maxila promove efeitos positivos em indivíduos com síndrome de Down.

Descritores: Síndrome de Down. Técnica de expansão palatina. Revisão sistemática.
Introdução precoce da sacarose está associada à presença de cárie dentária em bebês
Authors: Paula Bruna Assis de , Freire-Maia Juliana , Martins Júnior Paulo Antônio , Bartolomeo Freire-Maia Fernanda
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Este estudo investigou o momento da introdução da sacarose na alimentação de bebês e presença de cárie dentária.

Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 50 pais/responsáveis e suas crianças, sendo 25 do sexo feminino e 25 do masculino, com média de idade de 27 meses (idades mínima-máxima: 7-48 meses). A coleta de dados foi realizada por uma pesquisadora e por alunos matriculados na Disciplina “Odontologia para bebês” da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. Os pais/responsáveis pelas crianças responderam a um questionário socioeconômico, demográfico e de verificação da época de inserção de determinados alimentos na dieta das crianças. A presença de cárie dentária foi coletada a partir dos prontuários dos pacientes, que foram submetidos a exame clínico, profilaxia e secagem dos dentes com ar comprimido, sendo considerada presença de lesão de mancha branca, lesão de cárie cavitada e presença de restauração. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas (p < 0,05).

Resultados: As crianças apresentaram média de idade de 27 meses, sendo 50% do sexo masculino. O aleitamento de 46% das crianças foi exclusivo. Constatou-se que 98% das crianças consumiram sacarose em algum tipo de alimento antes de 2 anos de idade, 88% antes de 1 ano e 34% antes dos 6 meses. A introdução da sacarose antes dos 6 meses de idade apresentou associação significativa com a presença de cárie dentária. Os alimentos que contêm sacarose mais frequentemente introduzidos na dieta das crianças antes de 1 ano de idade foram açúcar branco, biscoito doce, bolo, gelatina, leite fresco tipo petit suisse, iogurte, leite fermentado com lactobacilos vivos e pão.

Conclusão: A introdução da sacarose na dieta das crianças foi precoce e apresentou associação significativa com a presença de cárie dentária. Portanto, verifica-se a necessidade de se fornecer informações sobre educação alimentar e oferecer atenção individualizada.

Descritores: Alimentos infantis. Cárie dentária. Criança. Sacarose.
Organização e resolutividade dos serviços públicos odontológicos para a atenção em saúde bucal de crianças: estudo em dois municípios brasileiros
Authors: Soares Anna Rachel dos Santos , Fernanda Lamounier Campos  , Paula Cristina Pelli Paiva  , Mara Vasconcelos  , Maria Inês Barreiros Senna  , Raquel Conceição Ferreira
Published: March 2023

Introdução: A organização da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na Atenção à Saúde Bucal influencia os resultados de atendimento de crianças. Conhecer as características do serviço para minimizar e controlar o aparecimento das doenças bucais é de extrema importância. Objetivo: Descrever a organização e a resolutividade da rede pública de saúde para a atenção em saúde bucal de crianças de zero a seis anos em dois municípios brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de caso exploratório foi realizado com dados secundários dos prontuários de crianças atendidas em 2014 pelos serviços de saúde bucal [convencional ou Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB)] nos municípios de Belo Horizonte e Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A resolutividade foi avaliada pela relação entre os percentuais de Tratamento Odontológico Concluído (TC) e de Primeira Consulta (PC). Nos dois municípios, a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) é o modelo de organização dos serviços da APS. Em Belo Horizonte, amostra representativa das crianças examinadas no Levantamento de Necessidades pelas ESB foi selecionada de 18 das 147 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Em Diamantina, a organização do atendimento odontológico é o convencional e dá-se por livre demanda, sendo realizado em 4 das 7 UBS. Análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada para obtenção de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Foram analisados 1.344 prontuários em Belo Horizonte, 595 deles de crianças (44,3%) que tiveram PC. Destas, 295 (21,95%) tiveram TC, com resolutividade de 49,54%. No município de Diamantina, todos os 43 prontuários odontológicos de crianças encontrados nas UBS com atendimento odontológico foram avaliados. Destas, 29 crianças (67,44%) tiveram a PC e 11 (25,58%) TC, representando resolutividade de 37,94%. Conclusão: Há diferenças na organização e no modelo de atenção em saúde bucal para crianças nos municípios estudados, que apresentaram diferenças quanto ao acesso e resolutividade dos serviços para esta faixa etária.

Descritores: Assistência odontológica; Avaliação em saúde; Resolutividade; Epidemiologia; Estratégia Saúde da Família.
Assistência odontológica à gestante: conhecimento e prática de dentistas da rede pública e seu papel na rede cegonha
Authors: Bernardi Camila , Viapiana Masieiro Anelise , Bertan de Oliveira Janete
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a prática de cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil acerca da assistência odontológica prestada à gestante.

Métodos: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Foram entrevistados 42 cirurgiões-dentistas, atuantes na Atenção Básica e no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas do município. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário composto por 7 itens relativos ao perfil sociodemográfico e 21 questões relacionadas à assistência odontológica às gestantes.

Resultados: O perfil dos profissionais caracterizou-se pela predominância de profissionais do sexo feminino, formados em instituições de ensino particulares, especialistas e que prestam serviço no âmbito público e privado. De maneira geral, o conhecimento identificado foi satisfatório. Contudo, lacunas em relação ao uso de alguns medicamentos foram identificadas. Em relação à prática, observou-se que, apesar de os profissionais concordarem em realizar procedimentos menos invasivos, eles demonstraram certa resistência em executar extrações dentárias e radiografias. Quando comparados os resultados, considerando-se o nível de atenção, não houve diferença estatística no que se refere ao conhecimento (p = 0,161). Entretanto, diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada na prática da assistência odontológica (p < 0,001), sendo o melhor resultado detectado em profissionais atuantes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde.

Conclusão: Os índices de conhecimento em relação à assistência odontológica no pré-natal foram satisfatórios, entretanto, não se reproduzem totalmente na prática. Neste contexto, reforça-se a importância da formação em saúde para o trabalho interprofissional, no intuito de melhorar as condições de saúde bucal e sistêmica de gestantes, puérperas e bebês.

Descritores: Assistência odontológica. Gestantes. Cuidado pré-natal. Odontólogos. Descrição de cargo.
Análise de limas endodônticas submetidas a biocorrosão por bactérias redutoras de sulfato in vitro
Authors: Heggendorn Fabiano Luiz , Gonçalves Lúcio Souza , Lione Viviane de Oliveira Freitas , Cravo Junior Walter Barreiro , Lutterbach Márcia
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações químicas presentes na superfície metálica de limas endodônticas fraturadasem canais radiculares, in vitro, após a inoculação intrarradicular de culturas de BRS de três cepasmicrobianas, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (uma cepa oral e outra ambiental) e Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis.

Métodos: foram analisadas 5 limas kerr #90, sendo uma Lima Kerr nova, sem tratamento, e as outras 4 limasfraturadas dentro de canais radiculares in vitro, com posterior inoculação de Desulfovibrio desulfuricans,cepa oral e ambiental, e Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis e um grupo controle sem inoculação bacteriana, por477 dias. Os grupos foram analisados no modo EDS (Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-x) domicroscópio eletrônico de varredura (FEI-Inspect-S50).

Resultados: A presença do S, Cl e O foram relacionados ao processo biocorrosivo, assim como a reduçãodos elementos de liga nesta área.

Conclusão: As análises no modo EDS demonstraram biocorrosão ao longo da superfície metálica daslimas quando empregado o biofármaco BACCOR, nas três diferentes cepas empregadas, indicada pelaredução dos elementos formadores da liga metálica, Fe, Ni e Cr, com a associação da presença deelementos indicadores de biocorrosão como O, Cl e S.

Descritores: Endodontia. Cavidade pulpar. Produtos biológicos. Corrosão. Desulfovibrio.
Prevalência da automedicação em acadêmicos de odontologia e enfermagem em uma instituição pública brasileira
Authors: Araújo Júnior Ayrton Galvão de , Caetano Vinícius da Silva , Portela Italo José Zacarias , Bezerra Joyce Pinho , Ferraz Maria Ângela Arêa Leão , Falcão Carlos Alberto Monteiro
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da automedicação em estudantes de Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Piauí no município de Parnaíba e avaliar se existe associação dessa tal prática com o nível socioeconômico, o sexo dos acadêmicos, bem como com o nível de conhecimento teórico-prático.
Métodos: Consiste em uma metodologia quantitativa de natureza aplicada e de corte transversal. O levantamento contou com a participação de maiores de 18 anos de idade e fez o uso de um questionário autoaplicável com questões a respeito da automedicação e demais variáveis independentes. Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos a testes estatísticos por meio de análise descritiva e bivariada. Foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, com o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21,0.
Resultados: A amostra contou com a participação de 70 acadêmicos, dos quais 41 (58,6%) são do curso de Odontologia e 29 (41,4%) do curso de Enfermagem, e a automedicação era praticada por 97,1% dos acadêmicos, predominantemente entre aqueles que estavam no início do curso (92,3%) (p < 0,05) e eram do sexo feminino (98,1%) (p < 0,05), não havendo variação estatisticamente significativa quanto a renda familiar ou curso em que estavam matriculados (p > 0,05). Além disso, a principal classe farmacológica utilizada foi a de analgésicos.
Conclusão: A prevalência de automedicação foi alta e frequentemente relatada para o combate da cefaleia, os acadêmicos relataram que conhecimentos e experiências prévias os auxiliaram na escolha dos fármacos autoadministrados, não havendo associação dessa pratica de automedicação com o curso e a renda mensal. Além disso, essa prática foi estatisticamente mais prevalente no sexo feminino e dentre aqueles estudantes que estavam no início do curso da graduação.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of skeletal muscles from wild-type and transgenic mice carrying recessive Ryr1 mutations linked to congenital myopathies
Authors: Eckhardt Jan , Ruiz Alexis , Koenig Stéphane , Frieden Maud , Meier Hervé , Schmidt Alexander , Treves Susan , Zorzato Francesco
Published: March 2023

Skeletal muscles are a highly structured tissue responsible for movement and metabolic regulation, which can be broadly subdivided into fast and slow twitch muscles with each type expressing common as well as specific sets of proteins. Congenital myopathies are a group of muscle diseases leading to a weak muscle phenotype caused by mutations in a number of genes including RYR1. Patients carrying recessive RYR1 mutations usually present from birth and are generally more severely affected, showing preferential involvement of fast twitch muscles as well as extraocular and facial muscles. In order to gain more insight into the pathophysiology of recessive RYR1-congential myopathies, we performed relative and absolute quantitative proteomic analysis of skeletal muscles from wild-type and transgenic mice carrying p.Q1970fsX16 and p.A4329D RyR1 mutations which were identified in a child with a severe congenital myopathy. Our in-depth proteomic analysis shows that recessive RYR1 mutations not only decrease the content of RyR1 protein in muscle, but change the expression of 1130, 753, and 967 proteins EDL, soleus and extraocular muscles, respectively. Specifically, recessive RYR1 mutations affect the expression level of proteins involved in calcium signaling, extracellular matrix, metabolism and ER protein quality control. This study also reveals the stoichiometry of major proteins involved in excitation contraction coupling and identifies novel potential pharmacological targets to treat RyR1-related congenital myopathies.
Hydroxy proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid: markers of susceptibility to vine decline disease caused by the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus in melons (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Marquez Sixto Alberto , Crosby Kevin , Patil Bhimanagouda , Avila Carlos , Ibrahim Amir MH , Pessoa Herika , Singh Jashbir
Published: March 2023

Background

Vine decline disease caused by the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus, is a threat to melon production (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known about the metabolites produced during the host pathogen interaction. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure quantities of amino acids produced over time during such an interaction.

Methods

Two melon genotypes named TAM-Uvalde (susceptible) and USDA PI 124104 (resistant) were grown and inoculated with M. cannonballus. The metabolites previously stated were measured before inoculation (0 hours) and 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation, using high performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Results

The production of some amino acids during the interaction of the resistant and susceptible melon genotypes with the fungus M. cannonballus was different regarding quantities over time. Interestingly, hydroxy proline was always up-regulated in higher quantities in response to pathogen infection in the genotype TAM-Uvalde. Also, the up-regulation in higher quantities of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the genotype TAM-Uvalde 48 and 72 hours after inoculation, suggests more penetration of the pathogen in its roots. Hence, taken together, hydroxy proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels could be used as markers of susceptibility to vine decline disease caused by M. cannonballus, which could be useful in developing resistant varieties.
Proposal of Fire Prevention Methodology for Temporary Constructions in Industrial Facilities through Case Analysis of Fire Sites in Korea
Authors: Jung Sun-Kyu , Kim Won-Chang , Lee Tae-Gyu , Kim Gyu-Yong
Published: March 2023

In this study, a fire prevention methodology was proposed using the case study of temporary constructions in domestic industrial facilities and data from the National Fire Agency. Fire cases in temporary construction industrial facilities in Pocheon-si and Eumseong-gun were analyzed. The material, cause of ignition, structure, and arrangement of temporary constructions at the fire sites were analyzed using data from the National Fire Agency and on-site investigation.
Analysis of the Effect of Fire on Plant Facilities Through Real Fire Test
Authors: Kang Hyun , Kweon Oh Sang
Published: March 2023

In general, plant facilities are to large-scale production facilities for oil refining, power generation, and gas . Various raw materials are handled according to the purpose of the facility, and in particular, there are various facilities in Korea that process petrochemical products as raw materials. As most of the raw materials and products handled by these plant facilities are combustible, the potential fire risk at such plant facilities is very high. In this study, the fire risk of plant facilities was evaluated by analyzing the performance degradation of structural members through real experiments and data analysis assuming the ignition of raw materials used in petrochemical plants.
Computational Flow Analysis of Chemical Terror Gas and Its Alternative Gases
Authors: Lee Juhee , Kim Si-Kuk , Hong Sungchul
Published: March 2023

As industries develop and standards of living increase, people are being exposed to harmful gases in various places. In particular, exposure to multiple facilities is more dangerous as it results in many casualties. Training officers to reduce the damage caused by exposure to harmful gases is very important. Although it is recommended to conduct training in an environment that closely resembles the actual one, it is not possible to train using harmful gases. Training is performed using an alternative gas whose characteristics resemble those of harmful gases. It is not known whether alternative gases have properties similar to those of real harmful gases. In this study, the effectiveness of alternative gases was confirmed by analyzing the flow and diffusion patterns of harmful and alternative gases according to the training scenarios. The actual gas was ammonia while the alternative gases were helium and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air and exhibits quite different overall behavior. Helium and ammonia differ considerably in density and viscosity, but are quite similar in flow behavior. Helium was found suitable as an alternative gas for training.
Numerical Study on the Flow Coefficient Considering Inclined Space in the Opening between the Fire Room and Inclined Space
Authors: Park Hyun-woo
Published: March 2023

In this study, a calculation model was constructed assuming the space from the fire room (basement floor) of the building to the ground floor through an inclined space. The effect of the inclination angle on the flow coefficient in the opening between the fire room and inclined space was investigated. The results showed that the flow coefficient at the opening was maximum around the angles of 20° – 30° and then decreased. In addition, it was confirmed that Equation (8) expressed the relationship between the flow coefficient and inclination angle.
Educational Effects of a Training Course for Reinforcement of Fire Accident Response Capabilities of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Ham Seunghon
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational effectiveness of a training course for electric vehicle accident response personnel. This study design is a cross-sectional study with a pre- and post-education survey. A total of 60 responses were analyzed before and after the training of 30 firefighters enrolled in the First Electric Vehicle Accident Response Capability course at the Seoul Metropolitan Fire Academy using the Seoul Metropolitan Fire Department's electronic survey system. All survey subjects were male, and there were 76.6% shift workers (23 respondents). Although electric vehicles are widely distributed, the inexperience rate at the accident scene was as high as 76%, and the respondents answered that the appropriate education method for electric vehicle accident response training was actual vehicle fire suppression training. In addition, it was possible to check the general status, characteristics, and cognitive changes of electric vehicles through the training course. This finding can be used in the future development of education and training courses for systematic and professional electric vehicle accident response personnel.
Bibliometric Analysis of Research Topics on Fire Safety
Authors: Lim Ohk Kun
Published: March 2023

Various studies have been conducted to minimize property damage and casualties caused by fire accidents, which occur over 40,000 times annually on average. The research papers published in the Fire Science and Engineering journal indexed in the Korea Citation Index and the Fire Technology journal indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded databases over the last 10 years were analyzed utilizing text-mining techniques. Similar research papers published these two journals were explored and significant differences in perceptions were identified. Recently, the proportion of studies on “Wild-Urban-Interface (WUI) fire” and “Battery fire” published in the Fire Technology journal has increased; however, “Firefighter organization” related research papers are being actively published in the Fire Science and Engineering journal. A quantitative analysis of the studies on fire incidents can provide significant information on developing new policies essential to reducing fire damage.
Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Short Circuit Marks
Authors: Kim Sun Jae , Choi Gyeong Won , Gong Young Soo , Moon Byung Sun , Cho Young Jin , Lim Kyu Young
Published: March 2023

In this study , short -circuit processes were analyzed via simulations and experiments by applying a principle that can interpret the short-circuit marks, which are the most basic inspection criteria in fire-scene investigation. According to Fleming's left-hand rule, a Lorentz force is generated when current and magnetic fields are applied. Railgun, one of the typical applications, utilizes the same basic principle for generating trajectories. Using the same concept, it was interpreted that the molten copper balls generated during a short-circuit process scatter in the load direction similar to a ballistic launch. The simulation and experimental results also confirmed that the copper balls were scattered in the load direction owing to the Lorentz force. Although it is impossible to examine the source and load during a fire-scene investigation process, the study findings will aid in predicting the load by observing the portion where the copper bulbs are relatively frequent. Thus, based on an estimation of the cause of fire, it will be possible to infer reliable results through fire-scene investigation.
Quantitative Comparison of Maximum Heat Release Rates of Wood Combustibles in Open and Compartment Fire Environments
Authors: Yun Hong-Seok , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combustion environment on the fire characteristics of wood combustibles to improve the accuracy of Performance-Based Design (PBD) by ensuring appropriate input of fire source information. Ten types of wood combustibles with different fire loads were burned in an open environment and in compartments with various ventilation conditions. The results showed that there was a decrease in the maximum heat release rate due to incomplete combustion when the global equivalence ratio was 0.74 or higher. The combustion efficiency of the compartment fires with incomplete combustion was reduced to less than 70% and the maximum heat release rate was lower than that of the open environment experiment conducted for the same combustibles. Based on these findings, a range of fire conditions in which the experimental results in an open environment can be used as fire source information for compartment fire was proposed.
Influence of DiSC Personality Traits on Pre-evacuation Behavior
Authors: Bae Young-Hoon , Cho Hyun-Woo , Oh Ryun-Seok , Choi Jun-Ho
Published: March 2023

Although the effect of pre-evacuation behavior on evacuation time is known, studies to quantify pre-evacuation behavior are insufficient. To address this gap in the literature, this study analyzed the impact of personality traits on pre-evacuation behavior through a questionnaire survey. First, the DiSC personality trait type was analyzed for 312 people, and pre-evacuation behavior according to the DiSC personality trait type was analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) questionnaire. The i-type prioritized evacuating along with others, S-type preferred evacuating immediately, whereas C-type showed a high priority for actions after searching for information. Moreover, males exhibited high information-seeking behaviors, whereas females showed information-transmitting behaviors. Finally, this study devised a method using personality- and gender-based pre-evacuation behavior in the division of duties among employees while establishing an evacuation plan.
El policentrismo se impone a la dispersión en el proceso de descentralización del empleo de las ciudades intermedias mexicanas.
Authors: Navarro Nieblas Jorge Adalberto , Muñiz Olivera Iván , Gómez Maturano Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Los cambios en la estructura espacial de las ciudades intermedias es un tema poco estudiado, a pesar del elevado porcentaje de la población que vive en ellas. Diversos estudios aplicados a grandes metrópolis han constatado que donde más crece el empleo no es ni en el centro principal ni en los subcentros, sino es en las zonas dispersas. En esta investigación se identifican y delimitan los subcentros de empleo de 17 ciudades intermedias mexicanas, para posteriormente medir la evolución del peso del empleo en el centro principal, en los subcentros y en las zonas dispersas entre los años 2000 y 2020. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que las ciudades intermedias, crecientemente descentralizadas, tienden principalmente hacia el policentrismo, lo cual presenta ventajas relevantes en términos de planificación territorial.
Hacia una caracterización del discurso de la cata de vino como lengua de especialidad
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba, Luque Janodet Francisco
Published: March 2023

A partir de la segunda década del siglo XX encontramos una evolución de la lingüística en lo concerniente al papel de la metáfora en el discurso cotidiano y en las lenguas de especialidad, arrojando luz en lo que respecta a los procesos de conceptualización, denominación y creación léxica en las lenguas para fines específicos. La evolución de la terminología ha permitido, asimismo, dejar atrás la tradición wüsteriana que consideraba estas figuras como elementos meramente ornamentales, así como ampliar los distintos campos de estudio de esta ciencia. El presente artículo aborda desde esta perspectiva la caracterización del discurso de la cata del vino desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, contemplando el léxico, la morfosintaxis, la pragmática y las manifestaciones escritas y orales de este discurso, entendidas como textos especializados que pueden variar en función de factores como el receptor. Nuestro estudio concluye que el discurso de la cata del vino es una lengua de especialidad enmarcada en el ámbito vitivinícola, cuya función principal es la transmisión objetiva de información a partir de un proceso altamente subjetivo como es el de la cata, caracterizado por lagunas terminológicas en este ámbito de la lengua, por lo cual se recurre a procesos de metaforización con el fin de crear términos especializados que deben ser compartidos por la comunidad de usuarios.
Knowledge Level and Adoption Behaviour of Farmers towards Organic Farming Practices in Mokokchung District of Nagaland
Authors: Longkumer Manen , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara .
Published: March 2023

In this modern world, where every sector tends to adopt scientific and innovative techniques; agriculture turns out to be a distinct sector by adopting traditional organic farming practices.  This implies the people’s concern towards health, environment and soil health. Thus, farmers are now organic driven and there arises a need to understand the knowledge and adoption level of farmers towards organic farming practices. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Four villages in Longchem block of Mokokchung district of Nagaland is selected purposively. 120 organic farmers from 4 villages constitute the primary respondents of the study. Data were collected from the respondents through personal interview method with the help of pre-tested schedule. Based on the findings, it was observed that higher proportion of organic farmers had medium level of knowledge (59.20%) and medium level of adoption (74.10%) respectively. Educational level, information source, risk orientation and land holding of the organic farmers had positive and significant relationship with the knowledge and adoption level of the organic farmers. Vocational training programmes should be organized and adequate marketing infrastructure should be established for input procurement and marketing or organic produce.
Listening Lessons
Authors: Bettendorf Brittany A.
Published: March 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a physician describes the importance of paying attention to the deliberate words patients choose and how physicians must seek to understand why they are chosen rather than translating those words to what they expect to hear.
Association of Recent Violence Encounters With Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents With Depression
Authors: Wang Jing , Harrer Shannon , Zwald Marissa L. , Leemis Ruth W. , Holland Kristin M. , Stone Deborah M. , McDavid Harrison Kathleen , Swedo Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Suicide prevention is an important component of depression management. Knowledge about depressed adolescents with increased risk for suicide can inform suicide prevention efforts.

Objective

To describe the risk of documented suicidal ideation within a year following a diagnosis of depression and to examine how the risk of documented suicidal ideation differed by recent violence encounter status among adolescents with new depression diagnoses.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective cohort study in clinical settings including outpatient facilities, emergency departments, and hospitals. Using IBM’s Explorys database containing electronic health records from 26 US health care networks, this study observed a cohort of adolescents with new depression diagnoses from 2017 to 2018 for up to 1 year. Data were analyzed from July 2020 to July 2021.

Exposures

Recent violence encounter was defined by a diagnosis of child maltreatment (physical, sexual, or psychological abuse or neglect) or physical assault within 1 year before depression diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was diagnosis of suicidal ideation within 1 year following depression diagnosis. Multivariable adjusted risk ratios of suicidal ideation were calculated for overall recent violence encounters and for individual forms of violence.

Results

Among a total of 24 047 adolescents with depression, 16 106 (67.0%) were female and 13 437 (55.9%) were White. A total of 378 had experienceda violence (hereafter, encounter group) and 23 669 had not (hereafter, nonencounter group). Following the diagnosis of depression, 104 adolescents with any past-year violence encounter (27.5%) documented suicidal ideation within 1 year. In contrast, 3185 adolescents in the nonencounter group (13.5%) experienced thoughts of suicide following the diagnosis of depression. In multivariable analyses, those with any violence encounter had 1.7 times (95% CI 1.4–2.0) higher risk of documented suicidal ideation compared with those in the nonencounter group (P < .001). Among different forms of violence, sexual abuse (risk ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6–2.8) and physical assault (risk ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.2) were associated with significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among adolescents with depression, persons who experienced past-year violence encounters showed a higher rate of suicidal ideation than those who had not. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and accounting for past violence encounters when treating adolescents with depression to reduce risk of suicide. Public health approaches to prevent violence may help to avert morbidity associated with depression and suicidal ideation.
Time Trends and Variation in the Use of Active Surveillance for Management of Low-risk Prostate Cancer in the US
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R. , Meeks William , Fang Raymond , Gaylis Franklin D. , Catalona William J. , Makarov Danil V.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Active surveillance (AS) is endorsed by clinical guidelines as the preferred management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer, but its use in contemporary clinical practice remains incompletely defined.

Objective

To characterize trends over time and practice- and practitioner-level variation in the use of AS in a large, national disease registry.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study included men with low-risk prostate cancer, defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) less than 10 ng/mL, Gleason grade group 1, and clinical stage T1c or T2a, newly diagnosed between January 1, 2014, and June 1, 2021. Patients were identified in the American Urological Association (AUA) Quality (AQUA) Registry, a large quality reporting registry including data from 1945 urology practitioners at 349 practices across 48 US states and territories, comprising more than 8.5 million unique patients. Data are collected automatically from electronic health record systems at participating practices.

Exposures

Exposures of interest included patient age, race, and PSA level, as well as urology practice and individual urology practitioners.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was the use of AS as primary treatment. Treatment was determined through analysis of electronic health record structured and unstructured clinical data and determination of surveillance based on follow-up testing with at least 1 PSA level remaining greater than 1.0 ng/mL.

Results

A total of 20 809 patients in AQUA were diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer and had known primary treatment. The median age was 65 (IQR, 59-70) years; 31 (0.1%) were American Indian or Alaska Native; 148 (0.7%) were Asian or Pacific Islander; 1855 (8.9%) were Black; 8351 (40.1%) were White; 169 (0.8%) were of other race or ethnicity; and 10 255 (49.3%) were missing information on race or ethnicity. Rates of AS increased sharply and consistently from 26.5% in 2014 to 59.6% in 2021. However, use of AS varied from 4.0% to 78.0% at the urology practice level and from 0% to 100% at the practitioner level. On multivariable analysis, year of diagnosis was the variable most strongly associated with AS; age, race, and PSA value at diagnosis were all also associated with odds of surveillance.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of AS rates in the AQUA Registry found that national, community-based rates of AS have increased but remain suboptimal, and wide variation persists across practices and practitioners. Continued progress on this critical quality indicator is essential to minimize overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer and by extension to improve the benefit-to-harm ratio of national prostate cancer early detection efforts.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Prevalence and Disproportionate Cancer Burden Among US Veterans
Authors: Chidambaram Smrithi , Chang Su-Hsin , Sandulache Vlad C. , Mazul Angela L. , Zevallos Jose P.
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the rate of HPV vaccination and the number eligible for this vaccination among younger veterans and civilians.
Factors Associated With Nasolacrimal Duct Probing Failure Among Children in the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry
Authors: Oke Isdin , Elze Tobias , Miller Joan W. , Lorch Alice C. , Hunter David G. , Elliott Alexandra T. ,   IRIS Registry Analytic Center Consortium, Pershing Suzann , Hyman Leslie , Haller Julia A. , Lee Aaron Y. , Lee Cecelia S. , Lum Flora , Miller Joan W. , Lorch Alice C.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Understanding the factors associated with nasolacrimal duct probing failure in young children may help inform practice patterns.

Objective

To identify factors associated with repeated nasolacrimal duct probing in young children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry for all children who underwent nasolacrimal duct probing before 4 years of age between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to assess the cumulative incidence of a repeated procedure within 2 years of the initial procedure. Hazard ratios (HRs) derived from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between repeated probing and patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region, operative side, laterality of obstruction, type of initial procedure, and surgeon volume.

Results

This study included 19 357 children (9823 [50.7%] male; mean [SD] age, 1.40 [0.74] years) undergoing nasolacrimal duct probing. The cumulative incidence of repeated nasolacrimal duct probing was 7.2% (95% CI, 6.8%-7.5%) within 2 years of the initial procedure. Among 1333 repeated procedures, the second procedure involved silicone intubation in 669 (50.2%) and balloon catheter dilation in 256 (19.2%). Among 12 008 children aged 1 year or younger, office-based simple probing was associated with a slightly higher probability of reoperation compared with facility-based simple probing (9.5% [95% CI, 8.2%-10.8%] vs 7.1% [95% CI, 6.5%-7.7%]; P < .001). In the multivariable model, a greater risk of repeated probing was associated with bilateral obstruction (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.32-1.65; P < .001) and office-based simple probing (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55; P < .001), and a lower risk was associated with primary balloon catheter dilation (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.85; P < .001) and procedures performed by high-volume surgeons (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97; P = .02). Age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region, and operative side were not associated with reoperation risk in the multivariable model.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, most children in the IRIS Registry undergoing nasolacrimal duct probing before 4 years of age did not require any additional intervention. Factors associated with lower risk of reoperation include surgeon experience, probing performed under anesthesia, and primary balloon catheter dilation.
All‐Vacuum‐Processed Sb2(S,Se)3 Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices via Controllable Tuning Seed Orientation
Authors: Pan Xingyu , Pan Yanlin , Shen Luyan , Wang Lijun , Wang Rui , Weng Guoen , Jiang Jinchun , Hu Xiaobo , Chen Shaoqiang , Yang Pingxiong , Chu Junhao , Tao Jiahua
Published: March 2023

Quasi‐one‐dimensional antimony sulfoselenide (Sb2(S,Se)3) semiconductor is one of the most promising light‐harvesting materials owing to its simple phase and tunable absorption spectra. However, the oriented [Sb4(S,Se)6]n ribbons of Sb2(S,Se)3 thin films nearly horizontally stacked in parallel to the substrate severely hinders the transport of carriers, yet is critical to control the absorber orientation growth for high‐performance Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. Herein, a new close spaced sublimated (CSS) CdS buffer layer with high crystallization is introduced for the development of all‐vacuum‐processed Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells that attempt to induce the orientation of Sb2(S,Se)3 absorbers to achieve effective carrier transport and reduce the adverse effects. The resulting Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells with CSS‐CdS buffer layers exhibit a prominent [221] orientation and better heterointerfaces as well as lower defect densities and longer capture lifetime compared to the commonly solar cells used chemically deposited CdS buffer layers, as a result of suppressed the non‐radiative recombination. The optimized solar cells, yield up to an efficiency of 7.12%, is the first for an all‐vacuum‐process for Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
Phage Display Screening as a Rational Approach to Design Additives for Selective Crystallization Control in Construction Systems
Authors: Madeja Benjamin , Wilke Patrick , Schreiner Eduard , Konradi Rupert , Scheck Johanna , Bizzozero Julien , Nicoleau Luc , Wagner Elisabeth , Rückel Markus , Cölfen Helmut , Kellermeier Matthias
Published: March 2023

The design of additives showing strong and selective interactions with certain target surfaces is key to crystallization control in applied reactive multicomponent systems. While suitable chemical motifs can be found through semi‐empirical trial‐and‐error procedures, bioinspired selection techniques offer a more rationally driven approach and explore a much larger space of possible combinations in a single assay. Here, phage display screening is used to characterize the surfaces of crystalline gypsum, a mineral of broad relevance for construction applications. Based on next‐generation sequencing of phages enriched during the screening process, a triplet of amino acids, DYH, is identified as the main driver for adsorption on the mineral substrate. Furthermore, oligopeptides containing this motif prove to exert their influence in a strictly selective manner during the hydration of cement, where the sulfate reaction (initial setting) is strongly retarded while the silicate reaction (final hardening) remains unaffected. In the final step, these desired additive characteristics are successfully translated from the level of peptides to that of scalable synthetic copolymers. The approach described in this work demonstrates how modern biotechnological methods can be leveraged for the systematic development of efficient crystallization additives for materials science.
Electrostatic Epitaxy of Orientational Perovskites for Microlasers
Authors: Zhao Yuyan , Tian Shuangshuang , Feng Jiangang , Qiu Yuchen , Fan Xin , Yuan Meng , Zhao Yingjie , Gao Hanfei , Zhao Haibin , Jiang Lei , Wang Jun , Wu Yuchen
Published: March 2023

Orientational growth of single‐crystalline structures is pivotal in the semiconductor industry, which is achievable by epitaxy for producing thin films, heterostructures, quantum wells, and superlattices. Beyond silicon and III–V semiconductors, solution‐processible semiconductors, such as metal‐halide perovskites, are emerging for scalable and cost‐effective manufacture of optoelectronic devices, whereas the polycrystalline nature of fabricated structures restricts their application toward integrated devices. Here, electrostatic epitaxy, a process sustained by strong electrostatic interactions between self‐assembled surfactants (octanoate anions) and Pb2+, is developed to realize orientational growth of single‐crystalline CsPbBr3 microwires. Strong electrostatic interactions localized at the air–liquid interface not only support preferential nucleation for single crystallinity, but also select the crystal facet with the highest Pb2+ areal density for pure crystallographic orientation. Due to the epitaxy at the air–liquid interface, direct growth of oriented single‐crystalline microwires onto different substrates without the processes of lift‐off and transfer is realized. Photonic lasing emission, waveguide coupling, and on‐chip propagation of coherent light are demonstrated based on these single‐crystalline microwires. These findings open an avenue for on‐chip integration of single‐crystalline materials.
Efficient Inorganic Vapor‐Assisted Defects Passivation for Perovskite Solar Module
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wang Yang , Tao Mingquan , Guo Lutong , Yang Yongrui , Shao Jiangyang , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Fuyi , Song Yanlin
Published: March 2023

Surface trap as intrinsic defects‐mediated non‐radiative charge recombination is a major obstacle to achieving the reliable fabrication of high‐efficiency and large‐area perovskite photovoltaics. Here a CS2 vapor‐assisted passivation strategy is proposed for perovskite solar module, aiming to passivate the iodine vacancy and uncoordinated Pb2+ caused by ion migration. Significantly, this method can avoid the disadvantages of inhomogeneity film caused by spin‐coating‐assisted passivation and reconstruction of perovskite surface from solvent. The CS2 vapor passivated perovskite device presents a higher defect formation energy (0.54 eV) of iodine vacancy than the pristine (0.37 eV), while uncoordinated Pb2+ is bonded with CS2. The shallow level defect passivation of iodine vacancy and uncoordinated Pb2+ has obviously enhanced the device efficiencies (25.20% for 0.08 cm2 and 20.66% for 40.6 cm2) and the stability, exhibiting an average T80‐lifetime of 1040 h working at the maximum power point, and maintaining over 90% of initial efficiency after 2000 h at RH = 30% and 30 °C.