bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Versus Surgery for T1b Esophageal Carcinoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Hanying , Jin Tian , Wu Zeyu , Li Xiuqing , Zhang Qide
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a preferred treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). However, only few studies compared long-term survival outcomes of ESD with surgery, especially for T1b SESCC. This study compared the overall survival (OS), disearse free survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival(RFS), and complication rates of both, To evaluate the value of ESD in patients with T1b SESCC.
METHODS: We reviewed patients who underwent ESD (n = 47) or surgery (n =73) for T1b SESCC at Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from 2009 to 2021. To increase the precision of our results interpretation, subgroups were analyzed according to the depth of tumor invasion and elderly people.
RESULTS: In the ESD and surgery groups,the overall mortality rates were 0/100 and 12.3/100 person years , incidence rates of recurrence were 2.13/100 and 11/100 person years,respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant different in OS,DSS and RFS. Charlson comorbidity index(CCI) and depth of submucosal invasion were identified as risk factors for cancer recurrence in multivariate analysis.For elderly people, no significant differences in OS, DSS and RFS between different treatments.
CONCLUSION: ESD are related to lower complication rates and shorter hospital stay than surgery in long-term outcomes for patients with pT1b SESCC. But in pT1b-SM2 patients, we still need long-term follow-up.
Factors affecting the consideration of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for smart city projects in Indore city
Authors: Lende Pranav K. , Ambadkar S. D.
Published: February 2024

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the context of urban development in Indore city, with a focus on initiatives undertaken under the Smart City scheme. It explores the conceptual framework of PPPs, elucidating governance structures, risk allocation mechanisms, and contractual arrangements crucial for effective collaboration between the public and private sectors. The rationale for PPPs in Indore's smart city initiatives, encompassing access to resources, risk mitigation, innovation, efficiency, and public accountability, underscores their significance in urban development. The paper examines the existing PPP projects implemented under the Smart City scheme in Indore, highlighting key achievements, challenges encountered, and lessons learned. It also discusses proposed PPP projects and future recommendations for enhancing urban infrastructure, service delivery, and quality of life for residents. The analysis encompasses diverse PPP models and structures, including Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Design-Build-Operate (DBO), Concession Agreements, and Service Contracts, tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of Indore's smart city projects. Furthermore, the paper addresses indexing, providing a comprehensive overview of the literature on PPPs in Indore city and related urban development initiatives. By synthesizing existing knowledge and offering insights into future research directions, this paper contributes to the understanding of PPPs in urban development and provides practical recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders involved in Indore's smart city transformation.
Research on Blood Cell Detection and Counting Based on YOLO-BC Algorithm
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Yuan Dan , Zhu Guohun
Published: February 2024

Blood cell detection and counting have always been of great medical importance because healthcare professionals can identify possible abnormalities in patients based on the numbers of different types of blood cells. However, traditional counting methods have certain limitations, such as smaller blood cells being ignored or misclassified, and the accuracy of identifying scenes with occlusion and overlap between blood cells is low. To solve the problem of blood cells being missed or misidentified in existing models, this study introduces the improved YOLO-BC algorithm to solve the pixel-level differences of different categories of blood cells by combining efficient multi-scale attention and full-dimensional dynamic convolution models, thereby achieving fast and accurate identification and counting of blood cells. The BCCD (Blood Cell Count and Detection) dataset was used for related experiments and performed data augmentation. The mAP@50 score based on YOLO-BC is 3.1% higher than that of YOLOv8, the value of mAP@50:95 increases by 3.7%, and F1-score increases by 2% on the same dataset and iou parameters, where small objects such as platelets can also be clearly detected. YOLO-BC shows a certain degree of applicability for automated testing of blood cells by experimental results.
1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-morpholinopiperidin-2-one: A new process related impurity of Apixaban- An anticoagulant drug
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Sharma Sachin Kumar , Singh Govind , Dhuriya Shyambaran , Balthu Lingaiah , Kumar Sushil , Devi Rashmi , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Chourasiya Sumit S.
Published: February 2024

In this report, we describe the identification of new process related impurity observed during the preparation of Apixaban-An anticoagulant drug. As a part of the investigation, we isolated the impurity by column chromatography with > 96% purity and analyzed the sample of impurity by LC-MS, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The LC-MS analysis coupled with IR and NMR analysis suggested that the impurity is 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-morpholinopiperidin-2-one, generated during preparation of Apixaban intermediate (APN-05). The impurity is a reduced form of APN-05 possibly formed due to reduction of ring double bond of dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one moiety of APN-05.
Privacy-Preserving Vital node Identification in Complex Networks using Machine Learning
Authors: Diallo Diaoulé , Hecking Tobias
Published: February 2024

Identifying vital nodes in complex networks is critical in various research areas, including social network analysis, epidemiology, and physics. Centrality measures are commonly used and combined for this purpose. However, the impact of growing privacy concerns on the identification of vital nodes, particularly in networks containing sensitive data like Bluetooth-based contact networks, is not well understood. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of vital node identification algorithms under privacy-preserving network settings. Through simulations, we identify algorithms that are most effective for estimating node vitality when only limited network information is available. Furthermore, we demonstrate that machine learning models provided with aggregated output of the most promising approaches and trained with only 20 percent of the data can significantly outperform state-of-the-art approaches, especially when network information is strongly limited. This research advances the understanding of privacy-centric approaches in complex network analysis and shows how machine learning-based methods can empower advanced network analysis under privacy-preserving conditions.
Distinctive neural substrates of low and high risky decision making: Evidence from the Balloon Analog Risk Task
Authors: Jin Zhenlan , Li Simeng , Wang Changan , Chai Xiaoqian , Zhang Junjun , Li Ling
Published: February 2024

Human beings exhibit varying risk-taking behaviors in response to different risk levels. Despite numerous studies on risk-taking in decision-making, the neural mechanisms of decision-making regarding risk levels remains unclear. To investigate the neural correlates of individual differences in risk-taking under different risk-levels, we analyzed behavioral data of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data of healthy participants (22–39 years, N = 93) from the University of California, Los Angeles Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset. In the BART, the participants decided to pump for more points or stop pumping to avoid explosion of the balloons, where the risk level was manipulated by the explosion likelihood which was distinguished by the balloon color (blue for low-, red for high- risk condition). Compared with low-risk condition, the participants pumped less number, exploded more balloons, and showed more variability in pump numbers in high-risk condition, demonstrating the effective manipulation of the risky level. Next, resting state features and functional connectivity (rsFC) strength were associated with behavioral measures in low- and high-risk conditions. We found that the explosion number of balloons were correlated with the low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L. DLPFC), the rsFC strength between L. DLPFC and the left anterior orbital gyrus in the low-risk condition. In the high-risk condition, we found variability in pump numbers was correlated with the ALFF in the left middle/superior frontal gyrus, the fractional ALFF (fALFF) in the medial segment of precentral gyrus (M. PrG), and the rsFC strength between the M. PrG and bilateral precentral gyrus. Our results highlighted significance of the L. DLPFC in lower risky decision making and the precentral gyrus in higher risky decision making, suggesting that distinctive neural correlates underlie the individual differences of decision-making under different risk level.
Normal Deviation of Synchronization for Stochastic Coupled Systems With Multiplicative Noise
Authors: ZHAO MEILING
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study normal deviation, an estimate of fluctuations between a coupled system and its averaged system, of synchronization by a stochastic coupled system with multiplicative noise. We first establish the equivalence relation to transform the coupled system into a multi-scale system. And then we obtain the normal deviation of the multi-scale system with a fixed initial value by using the martingale approach.
AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 60F05
Sentiment Analysis in Times of Crisis: Evaluating SVM, CNN-LSTM, and Psyntimiento
Authors: Rateb Muhammad Nabil , Alansary Sameh , Elzouka Marwa Khamis , Galal Mohamad
Published: February 2024

Sentiment analysis is a powerful tool for extracting valuable insights from social media data. In this paper, more than one million tweets spanning three months (March, June, and December 2022) regarding three cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Binance Coin (BNB) during the Russian-Ukrainian War are considered. Two models, a convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) and a support vector machine (SVM) with GloVe and TF-IDF features, are trained on a labeled dataset of more than fifty thousand tweets about Bitcoin labeled as (positive, negative, and neutral). A pretrained model (Pysentimento) for sentiment analysis is also employed to compare the performances of the three models. The models are tested on the labeled dataset and then evaluated on the unlabeled tweets, revealing that Pysentimento's level of accuracy outperforms the other two models. Google Trends, along with the opening and closing prices, and the volume of the three cryptocurrencies, in addition to the results of Pysentimento sentiment classification, are employed to apply the Pearson correlation coefficient and conduct price prediction analysis using the SARIMA model. It is found that Bitcoin may appeal to those seeking stability and a known record of accomplishment, while Binance Coin and Ethereum may attract investors looking for more diverse opportunities. Sentiment analysis using machine learning is found to provide invaluable information for cryptocurrency price forecasting and trading strategies, especially in the context of geopolitical events and market volatility.
Differential trial-type effects in an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Extending the DAARRE model
Authors: de Almeida Rodrigo , Barnes-Holmes Dermot , Leslie Julian C.
Published: February 2024

The differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects (DAARRE) model predicts two effects on the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP): the single trial-type dominance effect (STTDE) and the dissonant-target trial-type effect (DTTTE). We sought to explore variables that modulate these effects. Forty-two participants completed an IRAP, meeting the practice criteria (median latency ≤ 2000ms and accuracy ≥ 80% correct) and thus proceeding to six test blocks. The IRAP had four trial-types: trial-type 1: happy-face—happy-word; trial-type 2: happy-face—fear-word; trial-type 3: fear-face—happy-word; trial-type 4: fear-face—fear-word. Participants were randomly assigned to start with a consistent (respond True, False, False, True, respectively, to the four trial-types) or inconsistent (opposite responding) block. Difference (DIRAP) scores were calculated (inconsistent minus consistent latencies). A significantly larger DIRAP score was observed in trial-type 2 relative to trial-type 3 (a DTTTE), but only for participants who started with the inconsistent block. A “happiness superiority” STTDE (i.e., larger DIRAP score on trial-type 1 relative to trial-type 4) was observed, but only for participants who failed to maintain the criteria at the trial-type level (in any of the trial-types). Overall, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between the functional versus relational properties of the stimuli presented within an IRAP. The modulation of the DTTTE is interpreted in terms of functional coherence between the target and response option in inconsistent blocks. A novel data-analytic algorithm is presented to identify performance criteria violations at the trial-type level. The findings suggest that a greater focus is required in Relational Frame Theory on the impact of the functional properties of stimuli on relational framing.
Assessment of Nutrients, Antinutrients and In Vitro Antioxidants Studies of Whole Leaf, and Leaf Extract of Azanza garckeana
Authors: Felix Joshua Ogah , Nkwocha Chinelo Chinenye , Oruchukwu Michael Lomi
Published: February 2024

Plants-derived functional foods have been a significant source of nutrients and medicinal compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional values, antinutrients compositions, and in vitro antioxidants activities of methanolic leaf extract of Azanza garckeana. The analysis were carried out using standard analytical methods. Results of the proximate compositions were carbohydrates (69.18 %), protein (10.51 %), fats (7.33 %), fibres (5.27 %), moisture (4.38 %), and ash (3.57 %). The total energy value was 384.7 kcal/g. The vitamins analysis showed the presence of vitamin A (1.876±0.060 mg/100g), C (0.050±0.012 mg/100g), E (0.606±0.009 mg/100g), D (0.197±0.076 mg/100g), K (0.164±0.012 mg/100g), B1 (0.739±0.019 mg/100g), B2 (0.37±0.005 mg/100g), B3 (0.155±0.033 mg/100g), B6 (0.446±0.022 mg/100g) and vitamin B12 (0.157± 0.0026 mg/100g). The mineral compositions revealed the presence of sodium (815.287 ± 0.004 mg/100g), calcium (731.515 ± 0.003 mg/100g) and copper (1.048 ± 0.008 mg/100g). Antinutrients composition revealed phytate (1.567 ± 0.005 mg/100g), trypsin inhibitor (0.383±0.006 Tiu/mg), oxalate (0.867 ± 0.003 mg/100g), hemaglutinin (0.741 ± 0.004 Hui/mg), and saponins (0.546 ± 0.004 mg/100g). The antioxidants activity of the methanolic crude extract of A. garckeana leaf showed that the total antioxidants capacity (TAC) of the plant extract increased in concentration when compared to the standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). While the methanolic leaf extract exhibited higher FRAP activity across all the concentrations when compared with the standard antioxidant - butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The results of the present study showed that the evaluated leaves of A. garckeana plant is rich in nutritional values, have potent antioxidants and essential nutrients with therapeutics properties.
US Consumers’ Awareness and Opinion of Boxwood Shrubs and Boxwood Blight
Authors: Nayak Swayangsiddha , Campbell Julie
Published: February 2024

Boxwood blight is a significant threat to nurseries, garden centers, landscaping businesses, and homeowners, causing both financial and ecological damage. This fungal disease is primarily caused by two species, with Calonectria pseudonaviculata being the only reported casual species in the United States. The pathogen is spread by wind-driven rain, water splash, and contaminated plants, emphasizing the need for exclusion, sanitation protocols, cultural practices, and fungicides to manage its spread. Recently, efforts have shifted from containment to disease management, focusing on fungicide efficacy, diagnostic assays, and boxwood production analysis. Agricultural extension programs promote best practices to prevent disease introduction into nursery and landscape environments. Understanding consumer awareness and perceived risk regarding infestations is crucial as control measures evolve. In our Jul 2020 survey, which had 2795 completed responses from across the United States, we assessed consumer knowledge and opinions regarding boxwood shrubs and Boxwood light. The findings revealed demographic variations in awareness and opinions. Suburban residents were more aware of boxwood blight, whereas urban residents had a higher opinion of boxwood shrubs. From the tobit model, men were more likely to purchase boxwood compared with women despite knowing about blight, and Caucasians compared with non-Caucasians exhibited decreased liking for boxwood after seeing pictures of blight-infected plants. These insights can inform targeted communication strategies and assist consumers, vendors, and related industries in addressing the challenges posed by Boxwood blight. Further research into alternative plant preferences among consumers is also warranted for better development of boxwood blight management strategies.
Stem Cutting Propagation and Micropropagation of Northern Bayberry
Authors: Edgett Jackie D. , Lubell-Brand Jessica D. , Brand Mark H.
Published: February 2024

Northern bayberry [Morella (formerly Myrica) pensylvanica] is an attractive, adaptable, semievergreen, northeastern North American native shrub that is sought for landscaping but difficult to propagate clonally. The impact of timing (June, July, or August) and concentration of indole-3-butyric acid [IBA (0, 2000, 4000 or 8000 ppm)] on propagation by stem cuttings was evaluated for genotypes of northern bayberry including the female cultivars Bobzam (Bobbee™) and UConn Compact and an unnamed male. Medium formulation and cytokinin type were evaluated for micropropagation of ‘Bobzam’ and ‘UConn Compact’. Stem cuttings of ‘Bobzam’ and ‘UConn Compact’ rooted poorly (at ≤55% and ≤20%, respectively) at all timings and concentrations of IBA; however, rooting success of ≥85% was achieved for the unnamed male genotype when cuttings were taken in June. Micropropagation of ‘Bobzam’ was successful using Woody Plant medium with 4 mg·L−1 zeatin and explants taken from shoots that had expanded 12 to 18 cm on containerized stock plants. Initiated explants of ‘Bobzam’ required eight subcultures before they began to produce shoots consistently at a 2× multiplication rate and eventually reached a 3× multiplication rate. Micropropagation attempts using Murashige and Skoog medium, the cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine, meta-topolin, and thidiazuron, or the cultivar ‘UConn Compact’ were unsuccessful. Microshoots of ‘Bobzam’ rooted at ≥80% either by in vitro prerooting or ex vitro rooting directly in trays. Rooted microcuttings easily acclimated to greenhouse conditions and grew rapidly when potted to 1.04-L containers and then into 5.68-L containers. The micropropagation protocol developed for ‘Bobzam’ can be used by propagators to expand production of this popular female cultivar.
Effect of Plant Density on Mechanical Harvest Efficiency of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile Pepper
Authors: Joukhadar Israel , Havlik Charles , Walker Stephanie
Published: February 2024

New Mexico green pod-type chile (Capsicum annuum) has significant importance as a vegetable crop. The cultivation and trade of New Mexico pod-type green chile are culturally significant within New Mexico (USA) and contribute to the state’s economy by providing income and employment to farmers and through supporting industries. However, because of the high cost and limited availability of labor, New Mexico pod-type green chile acreage has declined. Traditionally, New Mexico pod-type green chile is hand-harvested when the fruit are full-size but physiologically immature. To preserve and expand the production of New Mexico pod-type green chile, the adoption of mechanical harvest technologies is essential. In 2015 and 2016, experiments were conducted at New Mexico State University’s Los Lunas Agricultural Science Center (Los Lunas, NM, USA) to examine the effects of increased planting density on New Mexico pod-type green chile fruit size, plant architecture, and mechanical harvest efficiency. Two commercial New Mexico pod-type green chile cultivars, NuMex Joe E. Parker and AZ-1904, were direct-seeded on 17 Apr 2015 and 14 Apr 2016. On 11 Jun 2015 and 14 Jun 2016, three plant density treatments were implemented at 39,000 (high), 23,000 (medium), and 15,000 (standard) plants/acre. Before harvest, plant measurements, including height, width, height to first bifurcation, stem diameter, and number of lateral basal branches, were obtained. Plots were mechanically harvested using an inclined double helix harvester, and harvested material was sorted into marketable green fruit, machine-broken fruit, and nonpod plant material. Fruit measurements, including fruit weight, width, length, pericarp thickness, and number of locules, were obtained. Both cultivars exhibited a 9% increase in height to bifurcation accompanied by fewer basal branches grown at high density. Plant density did not significantly affect the fruit length, width, number of locules, and pericarp thickness. Plants grown at high density had an increased percentage of marketable fruit, with ‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’ having a higher percentage of marketable green fruit compared to ‘AZ-1904’. The results demonstrated that an increase in planting density in production fields to 39,000 plants/acre coupled with cultivar selection enhanced efficiency in a mechanical harvest system.
UIT-MLReceipts: A Multilingual Benchmark for Detecting and Recognizing Key Information in Receipts
Authors: Nguyen Khang Tan Tran Minh
Published: February 2024

The 4.0 industrial evolution has paved the way for development potential and revolution in Vietnam. In this movement, digitization appears to be necessary to transform numerous traditional economic sectors. It will provide valuable digital data for many automation applications and decision-making processes. Particularly in the retail industry, data has long played a vital factor. Hence, digitizing documents such as receipts can help businesses in management and enterprise development. Nevertheless, the digital transformation process is still slow because of the shortage of cleaned datasets for this type of document. This paper introduces a new dataset named UIT-MLReceipts for extracting key information in receipts. The task includes two sub-tasks: Receipt Text Detection (RTD) and Receipt Text Recognition (RTR). We thoroughly evaluate current state-of-the-art Receipt Text Detection using Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3, YOLOF, and Faster R-CNN with Precise RoI-Pooling on our dataset. To evaluate the performance of Receipt Text Recognition, we experiment with two text recognition baselines: RobustScanner and SATRN. Experimental results indicate that the Faster R-CNN with Precise RoI-Pooling outperforms the competitors and achieves the best mean Average Precision (mAP) score at 51.6% in the Receipt Text Detection task. With the Receipt Text Recognition task, results show that SATRN performs better.
Verbs of oscillatory motion per se in the Norwegian language: An attempt at classification
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Livanova Aleksandra , Lavrinaitis Ekaterina , Tsikoreva Polina
Published: February 2024

The article is an initial attempt to identify, represent, and classify verbs of oscillatory motion in Norwegian. The mentioned verbs belong to the lexical-semantic group of motion verbs, but while preserving the integral feature of the semantic group (the physical movement of living beings and objects in space), they have their own characteristic features. Verbs denoting motion in which the object, while moving from the initial point to another, tends to return to it and generally remains within the confines of a more or less defined location, are grouped as verbs of oscillatory motion. The authors of studies conducted on the material of other languages divide this group into two subgroups: verbs of oscillatory motion per se (swaying) and verbs of vibrational motion. The second subgroup is beyond the scope of this article. The linguistic material is drawn from the online explanatory Norwegian dictionary [NAOB] and supplemented with data collected from contemporary mass media sources. As a result of the study, we identified and described 32 verbs of oscillatory motion. The results of this study can be used for further typological studies of Norwegian and other languages.
Death on a yellow horse: Rendering of the color term in Revelation 6:8 in Danish Bible translations
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Osipenkova Maria
Published: February 2024

The article investigates a case of color usage in Revelation 6:8 and various ways it has been translated into Danish. The Greek χλωρός used to describe the horse under the fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse is polysemic and thus rather difficult to interpret, which resulted in numerous variations among translators. The image of Death on a pale horse has become part of the Western cultural heritage, although linguists have argued if this equivalent is indeed accurate in terms of color meaning comprised within the original lexeme. Fourteen translations, from medieval to modern, allowed to scrutinize some particular features of rendering this intricate color term in Danish, rising the main question of the study: why do so many Danish translations opt for the chromatic meaning of yellow in the given passage? In order to answer that, firstly, all of the translations were examined from the point of view of the time they were made, the primary source that the works were based upon and the special characteristics of chosen equivalents of χλωρός. Secondly, a few external sources were introduced in order to put the issue in a broader linguacultural context, such as the language, color symbolism and early Danish church art. This approach has helped to determine possible reasons for Death’s horse turning yellow, like the influence of German, deadly connotations of the Danish color term gul ‘yellow’ when referring to paleness and the bad symbolic reputation of color yellow itself.
Søren Kierkegaard’s language: Semantic fields of metaphors and similes in The Sickness unto Death
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ekrogulskaya Alexandra
Published: February 2024

This article presents a classification of those artistic devices that the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard uses in his work The Sickness unto Death. We will talk about such figures of speech as metaphor and simile. This classification arose as a result of the translation and analysis of the treatise since its careful study showed that these stylistic devices are not single and random means of expression designed to decorate or diversify the text, but an integral part of Kierkegaard’s philosophical thinking, which is characterized by figurativeness and concreteness. Kierkegaard blames modern philosophers for abstract thinking divorced from reality, and to present his ideas he chooses a figurative language replete with concrete comparisons since he sees it as his task to consider the real problems of human life. This classification is based on the division of artistic devices not according to their type, but according to their semantics. Each group of devices is a “semantic field” from which Kierkegaard drew metaphors and comparisons for a more precise and at the same time more figurative description of his views. The article considers the nine most common semantic fields, while in The Sickness unto Death, there are more than twenty of them. Since metaphors and comparisons are an integral part of Kierkegaard’s text, a careful study of them is very important both for philosophers who want to penetrate deeper into the concept of the Danish thinker, and for translators who seek to convey the author’s original text as accurately as possible. Thus, the main task of the presented classification is to approach the understanding of the concept of “despair” through those figurative characteristics that Kierkegaard endows them with.
Discursive practices instilling the peace values for foreign learners in the BIPA textbook
Authors: Roekhan Roekhan , Suyitno Imam , Andajani Kusubakti , Martutik Martutik
Published: February 2024

Studies to inculcate new values for students, including foreign learners, are necessary, given the high incidence of injustice and bullying. The inculcation of these values in Indonesian language learning for foreign learners (BIPA) is closely related to the cultural learning of Indonesian people who love peace. This study aimed to reveal the discursive practice of embedding values in BIPA textbooks. The data sources were the BIPA textbook published in 2019 by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture for advanced levels. This study used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Visual Grammar Theory (VGT) to analyze the data. This study found three categories of values related to self, social relations, and environment. Values about caring for society, the environment, and democracy dominated the BIPA textbook. The textbook ignored the discursive practice of instilling inner value. This finding significantly contributes to the authors of language textbooks for foreign learners to consider cultural values that lead to developing more comprehensive subject matter. In addition, these findings also make it clear that foreign language teachers do not teach their language but also need to emphasize learning about values that support students' communicative competence.
Estudios de expresión diferencial para genes de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Garcia Arias Francy Liliana , Osorio Guarín Jaime Andrés , Yockteng Benalcazar Roxana
Published: February 2024

La uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), es una planta herbácea de la familia Solanaceae. Su fruto presenta propiedades antiinamatorias, antioxidantes y anticancerígenas1. Colombia es el mayor productor y exportador a nivel mundial con ventas anuales totales de $ 27.6 millones para 2013 1. No obstante su producción ha sufrido una gran disminución pasando de 1.087 ha con un rendimiento de 17.8 t en 2009, a 749 ha con un rendimiento de 15 t en 2013 2. Uno de los causantes de esta disminución es la enfermedad conocida como marchitez vascular ocasionada por el hongo Fusarium oxysporum (Foph). Estudios recientes han reportado 17 genes candidatos relacionados con la respuesta de resistencia a Foph y actualmente el desafío es validar su expresión diferencial y la función biológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la expresión diferencial de estos genes candidatos reportados para así ayudar al programa de mejoramiento en la selección temprana de individuos con potencial de resistencia.
Estabilidad de las cepas anaerobicas Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (Bg) streptococcus bovis (C2), Ruminococcus flavefaciens (Rf) y Fibrobacter Succinogenes (Fs) Formuladas en el vehículo oleoso
Authors: Chaparro Martha Liliana , Grijalba Bernal Erika , Rodríguez Villamizar Fernando , Gómez Álvarez Martha Isabel
Published: February 2024

En Colombia la morbilidad de terneros neonatos causada por la incidencia de diarreas puede alcanzar un 60%, con una morbilidad cercana a un 20% (Aldana et al., 2009).Para su tratamiento generalmente se emplean antibióticos que disminuye la calidad de la leche y aumentan la resistencia de los patógenoa a los agentes antimicrobiales (FAO, 2016). En AGROSAVIA, se seleccionó un coctel microbiano formado por bacterias aisladas de bovinos nativos, que consistió en cuatro bacterias ruminales anaerobicas que redujeron la incidencia de diarreas hasta un en 65% en terneros neonatos. Para estas bacterias se diseño una formulación (emulsión) que busca proteger a las bacterias reduciendo su contacto con oxígeno.
Effects of Telemedicine on Informal Caregivers of Patients in Palliative Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Li Xueting , Jiang Shanshan , Yu Xinying
Published: February 2024

Background

Telemedicine technology is a rapidly developing field that shows immense potential for improving medical services. In palliative care, informal caregivers assume the primary responsibility in patient care and often face challenges such as increased physical and mental stress and declining health. In such cases, telemedicine interventions can provide support and improve their health outcomes. However, research findings regarding the use of telemedicine among informal caregivers are controversial, and the efficacy of telemedicine remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of telemedicine on the burden, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of informal caregivers of patients in palliative care.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials published from inception to March 2023. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted the relevant information. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Intervention effects were estimated and sensitivity analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4, whereas 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated using R (version 4.3.2) and RStudio.

Results

A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The meta-analysis indicated that telemedicine has reduced the caregiving burden (standardized mean differences [SMD] −0.49, 95% CI −0.72 to −0.27; P<.001; 95% PI −0.86 to −0.13) and anxiety (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.40 to −0.06; P=.009; 95% PI −0.98 to 0.39) of informal caregivers; however, it did not affect depression (SMD −0.21, 95% CI −0.47 to 0.05; P=.11; 95% PI −0.94 to 0.51) or quality of life (SMD 0.35, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.89; P=.21; 95% PI −2.15 to 2.85).

Conclusions

Although telemedicine can alleviate the caregiving burden and anxiety of informal caregivers, it does not significantly reduce depression or improve their quality of life. Further high-quality, large-sample studies are needed to validate the effects of telemedicine. Furthermore, personalized intervention programs based on theoretical foundations are required to support caregivers.
Using large language models to evaluate the offer of options in clinical encounters by focusing on an item of the Observer OPTION-5 measure of shared decision-making (Preprint)
Authors: Pandi Selvaraj Sai Prabhakar , Yen Renata West , Forcino Rachel , Elwyn Glyn
Published: February 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Introduction: Human assessment of clinical encounter recordings using observer-based measures of shared decision-making, such as Observer OPTION-5 (OO5), is expensive. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of using large language models (LLMs) to automate the rating of the OO5 item focused on offering options (item 1).

Methods: We used a dataset of 287 clinical encounter transcripts of women diagnosed with early breast talking with their surgeon to discuss treatments. Each transcript had been previously scored by two researchers using OO5 (0 to 4 scale). We set up two rules-based baselines, one random and one using trigger words, and classified option talk instances using GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4, and PaLM 2. To develop and compare the performance of these models, we randomly selected 16 transcripts for additional human annotation focusing on option talk instances (binary). To assess performance, we calculated Spearman correlations (rS) between the researcher-generated scores for item 1 for the remaining 271 transcripts and the item 1 instances predicted by the LLMs.

Results: We observed high levels of correlation between the LLMs and researcher-generated scores. GPT-3.5 Turbo with a few-shot example had an rS=0.60 (P<.001) with the mean of the two scorers. Other LLMs had slightly lower correlation levels.

Discussion: The LLMs, particularly GPT-3.5 Turbo with few-shot examples, demonstrated superior performance in identifying option talk instances compared to baseline models. GPT-3.5 Turbo demonstrated the best performance, achieving higher precision and recall.

Conclusions: Further improvements in score correlations may be possible through improvements in and better understanding of LLMs.
An Inquiry Into Human Dignity According to George Kateb
Authors: Pabubung Michael Reskiantio
Published: February 2024

Discrimination, slavery, and violence have always been distinctive colors in the painting of human history. There have been men or groups feeling greater than others. There have been unending oppressions among the human species. When confronted with these cases, most immediately think of human rights. On another side of human history, there has also been environmental detriment caused by uncontrolled human expansion. It is oppression among men and ‘vertical suppression’ of inter-species. The main actors are humans. This phenomenon leads to a fundamental question about our actual Being (ὄντος). In the name of human dignity, George Kateb raises it in two fundamental concepts: human status and human stature. A philosopher should be able to examine human dignity as fundamental to human rights. Human dignity is human’s actual Being as [a] Being of human rights. This essay uses qualitative methods through literature research to examine human dignity ontologically, based on the primary sources of George Kateb, namely the palpable distinction between human status and human stature. While providing technological and natural phenomena, this paper gives a contextualization of existential human dignity from George Kateb’s ontological perspective.
Monitoring as a steering tool for gender equality policy in higher education institutions: ideal and reality
Authors:   IHS - Austrian Institute for Advanced Studies, Wroblewski Angela
Published: February 2024

In an ideal-typical process of gender equality policy development and implementation, empirical evidence plays a central role. The gender analysis at the beginning of the process describes the gender issue to be addressed. Based on this baseline, objectives and priorities are defined, policies are designed and implemented, and these are then monitored and, ideally, evaluated. The aim of monitoring is to provide information on the implementation of the gender equality measure so that countermeasures, if needed, can be taken at an early stage in the event of deviations from the planned implementation. However, this requires that the monitoring indicators are derived from the policy objectives and are measurable. Practice shows that the availability of data, rather than the objectives, determines the development of indicators. The procedure for developing indicators is described and reflected on using the example of monitoring the implementation of the recommendations of the Austrian Convention of Higher Education Institutions on strengthening gender competencies in higher education processes. The preconditions for the steering function of monitoring and its limitations are discussed.
La Constitución y la nueva cuestión social (Perú)
Authors: Pasco Cosmópolis Mario
Published: February 2024

La nueva cuestión social se traduce en cambios políticos y económicos que tienen lugar en un marco de creciente globalización de las relaciones económicas. De esta manera, se presentan, dentro de las economías nacionales, profundos cambios en la forma de producir y hasta entender el trabajo, lo cual se refleja en diversos aspectos, tales como el auge de la intermediación laboral. La rudeza de estos embates ha sido tan abierta y persistente que ha llevado a alguno a preguntarse cuál es el futuro del derecho del trabajo o, con una dosis combinada de escepticismo y melancolía, si tiene el derecho del trabajo algún futuro.
Acoso sexual y discriminación por maternidad en el empleo
Authors: Mangarelli Cristina
Published: February 2024

En el presente trabajo se analizará el principio de igualdad de trato y oportunidades para ambos sexos en el empleo a la luz del principio general de igualdad ante la ley. Si bien se aprecia una evolución en la normativa tendente a la promoción de la igualdad en el empleo, persiste en los hechos la desigualdad. Ello se debe, fundamentalmente, al mantenimiento de pautas culturales relativas a los roles que la sociedad asigna a los sexos, y a otros prejuicios en relación con lo femenino y lo masculino. Por lo que hace al acoso sexual, en Uruguay no existe una ley específica que regule las protecciones y la prevención frente a dichas conductas, no obstante que el acoso sexual en el trabajo se considera una forma grave de discriminación.
La inspección del trabajo en la República Argentina: un informe general y algunas reflexiones particulares
Authors: Topet Pablo Arnaldo
Published: February 2024

El sistema de inspección del trabajo de la República Argentina ha sido modificado varias veces en los últimos diez años. En 2004, con la sanción de la Ley de Ordenamiento Laboral 25.877, se ratifican algunos rasgos seculares del sistema, y se lo vincula con las normas internacionales del trabajo que han sido ratificadas en materia de administración e inspección del trabajo con técnicas de incorporación de cláusulas o de reenvío expreso a sus disposiciones. Una coordinación más intensa y el aumento de los recursos materiales y personales de los servicios de inspección locales y del central podrían constituirse en políticas adecuadas para fortalecer un servicio que se vincula intensamente con el funcionamiento eficaz del régimen democrático.
La constitucionalización del derecho del trabajo: la tutela de derechos fundamentales
Authors: Ugarte Cataldo José Luis
Published: February 2024

Existe un nuevo punto de unión entre el derecho del trabajo y el derecho constitucional: la constitucionalización de la legislación laboral. Las normas de tutela de derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores, aglutinadas en Chile en torno a un nuevo procedimiento laboral, están lejos de ser tan solo una reforma procesal más: son la huella más patente en el derecho legal chileno del intento por dar eficacia a las normas constitucionales en el ámbito del trabajo. Al mismo tiempo, representan una notable expansión política del derecho del trabajo, que deja de preocuparse sólo de las condiciones salariales del trabajador como contratante débil, para ocuparse del ejercicio de los derechos constitucionales al interior de la empresa en su condición de ciudadano.
La seguridad social en la República Argentina
Authors: Cipolletta Graciela E.
Published: February 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar el sistema de seguridad social en la República Argentina. Se inicia con la explicación de los textos legales de jerarquía normativa superior y las reformas estructurales realizadas a partir de los años noventa. Se explican los organismos que intervienen en la materia, tanto en el ámbito administrativo como en el judicial. Se han resumido los requisitos y las prestaciones que corresponden a cada contingencia social, explicando cómo se articula en cada caso el seguro privado y el seguro social. A medida que se comprenden las coberturas de cada contingencia se aprecia la restricción de los derechos sociales que se ha operado a partir de la aceptación de políticas que coinciden con el llamado “Consenso de Washington”. Por último se hace referencia a la cuestión de género y a la importancia práctica que tendría la aprobación de los Convenios de la OIT en la materia.
Organización compleja de empresas y sus efectos en el derecho del trabajo. Una visión costarricense
Authors: Bolaños Céspedes Fernando
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo aborda con una visión global el fenómeno denominado por algunos como la organización compleja de empresas, dentro del cual se inserta el tema de la descentralización productiva, el llamado outsourcing, la subcontratación y la intermediación laborales. De esta forma, se analizan las tendencias modernas en estos campos y sus principales causas; la legislación y la jurisprudencia costarricense tanto en materia de intermediación laboral como de subcontratación, así como el tema de los llamados trabajadores dependientes-independientes, como un fenómeno novedoso en el derecho del trabajo. El asunto es analizado a la luz de fenómenos sociales propios de la sociedad costarricense, y siempre en relación con la problemática más amplia de la transformación de las empresas y la figura de la subcontratación.
El principio de progresividad en la jurisprudencia constitucional colombiana. Un propósito con carácter de justiciabilidad
Authors: Muñoz Segura Ana María
Published: February 2024

Aunque la progresividad se encuentra inmersa dentro del desarrollo de cualquier sistema de seguridad social como horizonte, como principio orientador en la búsqueda de la universalidad e integralidad, la Corte Constitucional colombiana ha logrado una ampliación de este concepto para dar lugar a efectos cada vez más concretos. En este mismo sentido, el tratamiento a la progresividad y no regresividad ha originado reclamos judiciales, pasando de una referencia orientadora a un marco de justiciabilidad concreta.
Los derechos sociales y la recepción del pacto internacional de derechos económicos, sociales y culturales en el derecho constitucional argentino
Authors: Noguera Fernández Albert
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo persigue demostrar cómo el reconocimiento, a través de la reforma constitucional argentina de 1994, de jerarquía constitucional al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (PIDESC) se ha conformado como una importante garantía para la protección y justiciabilidad de los derechos sociales en el país. A partir del análisis de la Constitución argentina de 1994, de la recepción que ésta hace del PIDESC y de casos asociados a ello, el artículo demuestra la conexión entre la jerarquía constitucional del PIDESC y la justiciabilidad de los derechos sociales.
La autonomía sindical, el registro de los sindicatos en México y otras trampas novedosas
Authors: Buén Néstor de
Published: February 2024

En el derecho mexicano del trabajo, que se inició con los mejores propósitos sociales, se está produciendo una evolución conservadora, muchas veces con base en interpretaciones interesadas de sus disposiciones y, en otros casos, siguiendo modelos extranjeros. Es tema fundamental la falta de respeto por la libertad y la autonomía sindicales. El hecho de que en materia federal sea la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social la encargada del registro de los sindicatos determina que con todos los pretextos del mundo se nieguen los registros y las tomas de nota, si el sindicato interesado no forma parte del grupo de los consentidos por el gobierno. Con ello, por supuesto, se viola el Convenio 87 de Libertad Sindical de la OIT que México ha suscrito. Y esa medida administrativa se refleja en la conducta de la Junta Federal de Conciliación y Arbitraje, sucursal evidente de la Secretaría, que se reserva reconocer a los dirigentes sindicales que no tienen toma de nota. Hay que suprimir los registros y tomas de nota y sustituirlos por simples depósitos de la documentación, debidamente publicitada, para que si alguien legitimado para hacerlo lo desea, pueda impugnarlos por la vía jurisdiccional.