bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 promotes gastric cancer progression: Modulating immune evasion through autophagy and oxidative stress pathways
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Na Di
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Immune response is crucial in the development of gastric cancer (GC), and Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) plays an important role in mediating GC cell behavior. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which JMJD6 affects autophagy and immune evasion in GC cells.

Material and Methods:

Immunocytochemistry was employed to assess JMJD6 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in gastric cancer cell line (MKN-45) and gastric epithelial cell line cells. MKN-45 cells with JMJD6 knockdown and overexpression were generated. The effect of JMJD6 on MKN-45 cells was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assay, cellular fluorescence staining, and Transwell assays. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to investigate the regulation of autophagy by JMJD6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated by applying ROS fluorescence staining. Meanwhile, the protein and gene expression levels of molecules related to antioxidant stress responses were assessed through immunofluorescence assays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, respectively.

Results:

The expression levels of JMJD6 and PD-L1 were elevated in GC cells (P < 0.001). JMJD6 overexpression enhanced MKN-45 cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in vitro (P < 0.001). In MKN-45 cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was promoted by JMJD6 upregulation but was notably inhibited by JMJD6 knockdown (P < 0.001). JMJD6 overexpression increased the expression levels of Sequestosome 1, Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)II/LC3I, and PD-L1 in MKN-45 cells, and autophagy activation further elevated PD-L1 levels (P < 0.001). In addition, JMJD6 overexpression reduced ROS production and increased the expression of molecules related to antioxidant stress response, with the reverse effects observed on JMJD6 knockdown (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

JMJD6 notably facilitates GC progression and immune evasion by modulating autophagy and oxidative stress pathways.
Blood Clot Consensus Recommendations on Bleeding Management during Cardiac Surgery in Low-Resource Settings using E-Delphi Methodology
Authors: Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Kanchi Muralidhar , Shastri Naman , Genny Suresh Rao Kemundel , Jacob Susheela Innah , Tailor Kamlesh B. , Natarajan Kanagarajan , Sarkar Subhendu , Mehta Yatin
Published: January 2025

India conducts around 240,000 adult cardiac surgeries annually, with bleeding and transfusions being common complications that can worsen outcomes. Implementing patient blood management strategies can reduce unnecessary transfusions and improve results. With emerging management options and point-of-care testing, the need for standardized bleeding management during cardiac surgery in India became evident. The Blood Clot (Indian Bleeding Management during Cardiac Surgery) Working Group convened 3 times (one in-person, two virtual) to discuss and vote on consensus-based recommendation statements derived from a Delphi process. The online Delphi platform enabled anonymous voting, providing real-time statistical insights during discussions. Using the accurate consensus reporting document methodology, 26 recommendations were finalized, covering pre-, intra-, and post-operative bleeding management. The recommendations included both Thrombelastography (TEG)/Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and non-TEG/ROTEM-based algorithms, along with specific guidance for managing bleeding in cyanotic congenital heart disease surgery. These consensus-based recommendations represent the first comprehensive, India-specific guidelines for managing bleeding during cardiac surgery, aiming to optimize practices and potentially set a new standard of care. This approach could also influence global practices in similar contexts.
Neurosurgical aspects of hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Mustafin Marsel S. , Novikova Liliya B. , Akopyan Anait R. , Shakirov Rustem R.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is about 1/5 of that of ischemic stroke, but HS represents an important problem of neurology because of high mortality and disability rates. HS can manifest as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hematoma (ICH), spontaneous (non-traumatic) extradural and subdural hematomas, or as a combination of these conditions. HS is characterized by a high percentage of complications, most severe of which is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).
Objective. To analyze the structure of HS, its complications and various methods of neurosurgical treatment.
Materials and methods. We studied medical histories of 84 patients with HS were who were treated in the Neurosurgical Department of GBUZ RB Hospital ambulance Ufa for the 6-month period in 2016. All patients underwent neurological, instrumental and laboratory examination, CT scan and CT angiography, brain MRI and, if necessary, cerebral angiography (CAG). To assess the severity and outcome of IVH, we used the Graeb criteria of the ventricular system involvement and the Hounsfieid characteristics of the ventricular clot density.
Results. The main causes of HS were arterial hypertension (54,7%) and aneurysmal disease of the brain (44%). Most of patients (63,8%) had putaminal ICH. Rupture of the aneurysm was the cause of SAH in 24 (28.6%) of patients. Aneurysms were located mostly in the basin of the middle cerebral artery. Surgical treatment was undertaken in 76 patients (90.4%t). IVH as a complication occurred in 21.4% of patients, main cause of this complication was massive SAH.
Discussion. In most of our cases of HS, the clinical picture of SAH was seen 59.5% of patients. Among all methods of neurosurgical treatment of ICH, we predominantly used minimally invasive high-tech techniques proven to be most effective: needle aspiration, endoscopic removal of hematomas under the control of neuronavigation, and fibrinolysis; these technologies were used in 52.5% of patients.
Carnosine restores the activation of signaling cascades and the ratio of apoptosis-regulating proteins in the penumbra zone after a permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Lopacheva Olga M. , Lopachev Alexander V. , Kulichenkova Kseniya N. , Devyatov Alexander A. , Berezhnoy Daniil S. , Stvolinsky Sergey L. , Kulikova Olga I. , Gavrilova Svetlana A. , Morozova Mariya P. , Fedorova Tatiana N.
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction. Ischemic stroke is one of the most common and socially significant diseases, and its pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress. The study of mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of the natural antioxidant carnosine is promising in the context of carnosine-based drug development.
Objective. To study the effect of carnosine on the level of apoptosis-regulating proteins of the Bcl-2 family and the level of activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and MAP kinases ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the rat brain after a 24-hour permanent focal cerebral ischemia.
Materials and methods. In the model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia caused by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in Wistar rats, we assessed, using Western blotting, the level of expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the penumbra zone of the cortex in the ischemic hemisphere and in the symmetrical region of the contralateral hemisphere, as well as in similar areas of the brain of intact animals. Carnosine was administered to animals intraperitoneally at doses of 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight in the postischemic period.
Results. In permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats, the amount of Bax and, to a lesser extent, of Bcl-2 increased in the penumbra zone shifting the Bcl-2/Bax ratio towards the pro-apoptotic signal; a decreased Akt activation and an increased ERK1/2 activation was observed. The administration of carnosine rescued the activation of Akt and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio but did not affect an increased activation of ERK1/2. No significant changes in the level of Bak, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, and no activation of p38 and JNK were observed in the penumbra zone.
Difficulties in managing patients with hepatolenticular degeneration
Authors: Proskokova Tatyana N. , Vyalova Nadezhda V. , Serdyuk Natal'ya B. , Khelimsky Aleksandr M.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present some typical problems of managing patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD), a severe hereditary disorder of cupper metabolism requiring permanent cupper-eliminating therapy. Special attention should be paid the following questions: choice of combined treatment with D-penicillamine (D-PAM) and zinc vs. monotherapy with either of these medications; the possibility of temporary worsening of neurologic symptoms induced by massive increase in free copper level in the blood following therapy with D-PAM; the need for special psychological support of patients and their relatives; strict adherence to a regimen prohibiting physical exercises and the need for following a special diet. Two clinical cases have been described: a fatal case of many-year compensated HLD after a physical load during a travel to the seaside, and a case of an infected foot wound in a HLD patient with the development of septicopyaemia (lower leg phlegmon and osteomyelitis of the lumbar vertebrae) following a physical activity and violation of the dietary pattern.
Levamisol-induced leukoencephalopathy: clinical case
Authors: Shavlovskaya Olga A.
Published: January 2025

This is a description of a clinical case of levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy. A few hours after the single intake of the immunomodulator levamisole (150 mg), the patient developed following cerebral symptoms: febrile fever, dizziness, frequent urination, impaired color vision, divergent strabismus, unsteady gait, severe weakness, increased drowsiness, retardation, delusions. The symptoms progressed towards a full clinical picture for about 2 months. The course of the disease was of a wavy nature: left-sided hemiparesis and the left facial nerve palsy were present at the beginning, with later inversion of symptoms represented by the right-sided hemiparesis and the right facial nerve palsy combined with dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple foci of demyelination in both hemispheres of the brain that regressed after corticosteroid therapy administration. No abnormalities of the cerebrospinal fluid were detected. No pathology of the fundus was evident. The evoked potentials of the brainstem (auditory and visual) and somatosensory evoked potentials from the hands and feet were within normal limits. Plasmapheresis (3 procedures, each 2 liter, with intravenous administration of 1 g of solu-medrol after each session) was performed in the acute phase, which benefited the decrease in severity of the neurological symptoms. Vascular and metabolic therapy was performed afterwards, with the regression of the neurologic symptoms. No specific therapy was administered after the woman was discharged from the hospital. For a 10-year survey after the acute demyelinating process outbreak theres a complete regression of neurologic symptoms and positive dynamics of the patients MRI. The woman is fully adapted physically, emotionally and socially.
Optical coherent tomography capabilities in the diagnosis of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Authors: Polekhina Natalia V. , Surnina Zoya V. , Zakharova Maria N.
Published: January 2025

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique routinely used for obtaining in vivo transverse images of tissues. In the field of neurology, OCT is used to assess retinal changes in various diseases, including multiple sclerosis, opticomyelitis, and opticomyelitis-associated disorders. In these demyelinating diseases, the pathological process involves not only the optic nerve itself, but also the retinal ganglion cells and their axons, the so-called retinal ganglionic complex, as well as the retinal nerve fiber layer. In the last decade, OCT as the method capable of assessing changes in the above-mentioned retinal layers has been applied as a highly sensitive technology for estimation of neurodegenerative process. The article discusses the possible use of OCT for differential diagnosis of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, as well as its application as a method for monitoring involvement of the nervous tissue in demyelinating diseases.
Cellular models of the nervous system diseases
Authors: Khaspekov Leonid G.
Published: January 2025

Cellular models are a very important research tool in modern neurobiology. The presented review of Russian and international literature summarizes the main data of experimental studies, conducted over the past 15 years, aimed at modeling in vitro acute and chronic forms of cerebral pathology in order to reveal the mechanisms of their pathogenesis and to develop approaches to their pharmacological correction. The results of modeling of ischemic neurodestructive processes, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, obtained using modern cellular research methods, such as cell cultivation in a multielectrode system and technology of induced pluripotent stem cells, are presented. A number of key concepts related to this problem are illustrated with the data obtained by the author and his laboratory. In conclusion, the short-term goals and prospects of in vitro studies of pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases and of the search for new neuroprotectors are formulated.
Current neurosurgical approaches to treatment of structural epilepsies
Authors: Sitnikov Andrey R. , Skorobogatova Victoria A. , Maslova Natalia N.
Published: January 2025

The drug-resistant epilepsy remains one of the major problems in contemporary neurology. However, the new surgical approaches showed their great efficacy in treatment of patients with intractable seizures. The relevant neurosurgical methods of epilepsy treatment, as well as the issues of preoperative diagnostics and indications for operative treatment are described in this review. We also present a clinical case which demonstrates the successful treatment of patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent stereotaxic implantation of electrodes in the anterior thalamic nuclei followed by significant clinical improvement.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the short-term spatial memory in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kislitskiy Vladislav M. , Yatsenko Ekaterina A. , Yatsenko Anton A. , Kushnarev Vladimir A. , Pomazkov Mikhail S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation. The application of a weak, subthreshold direct current on the cerebral cortex leads to a change in cortical neuron activity, which continues for a certain amount of time after exposure. The main mechanism of this effect is subthreshold changes in the membrane potential, while the after-effect phenomenon is associated with the influence of tDCS on synaptic plasticity.
Study objective. To examine the effect of tDCS of the posterior parietal cortex on certain types of spatial memory with the electrodes positioned P3 P4+ and P3+ P4.
Materials and methods. The study included 18 healthy volunteers (10 men and 8 women) aged 1823 years. The experiment used stimulation points P3 and P4 according to the 1020 international electrode positioning system. Stimulation was performed using a direct current of 0.7 mA for 20 min. The study participants underwent three stimulation sessions (P3 P4+, P3+ P4, P30 P40) in a randomized order with an interval of 3 days between them. After each session, the state of their short-term spatial memory was assessed using the Spatial Memory (categorical spatial memory) and Spatial Span (coordinate spatial memory) tests by Cambridge Brain Sciences, as well as the subjective effect of tDCS.
Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the results of neuropsychological tests between active stimulation (P3 P4+ and P3+ P4) and sham stimulation. The lack of effect may be due to the use of insufficient current (0.7 mA) or other factors (duty cycle, electrode location, stimulation time, etc.). No adverse effects of stimulation were reported.
Conclusion. tDCS with 0.7 mA current does not affect spatial memory in healthy people when using P3 P4+ and P3+ P4 electrode mountings.
Changes in the morphofunctional development of the neuronal network in a dissociated cell culture of rat cerebral cortical neurons
Authors: Genrikhs Elizaveta E. , Aleksandrova Olga P. , Stelmashuk Elena V. , Novikova Svetlana V. , Voronkov Dmitriy N. , Isaev Nikolay K. , Khaspekov Leonid G.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Study of the morphofunctional neuronal development in a dissociated cerebrocortical cell culture, using modern cell technologies, is a priority in experimental neurology, which is required for successful in vitro modelling of acute and chronic forms of cerebral pathology.
Aim. A morphofunctional study of the in vitro changes in neuronal differentiation of rat cerebral cortical neurons, using a range of analysis methods, including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence, and electrophysiology.
Materials and methods. We investigated the degree of culture differentiation on day 34 and day 1011 of in vitro cultivation, measured by the intensity of the PSA-NCAM protein expression and the level of neuronal glutamate-induced calcium overload. That was then compared with the functional activity of the neuronal network cultivated on a microelectrode array, and with changes of the neuronal networks activity in response to glutamate receptor overstimulation.
Results. A significant glutamate-induced increase of the intracellular calcium concentration was typical for mature neurons (day 1011 of cultivation), along with a lack of PSA-NCAM paranuclear accumulation, which was only found in immature cells (day 34 of cultivation). There was a glutamate suppression of the neuronal network burst activity, formed in vitro by day 1011, with had no effect on the generation of single action potentials. At the same time, kainate, the exogenous selective agonist of the one of the glutamate subtypes, completely blocked spontaneous activity of the mature neurons.
Conclusion. Neocortical rat neurons reach the differentiation level necessary for the modelling of the cerebral pathologies by day 1011 of in vitro cultivation. At this point, the process of disruption of the microelectrode array cultivated neuronal network by the glutamate receptor overactivation, has become multilayered: excitotoxic glutamate-induced damage produces selective disruption of neuronal burst activity, and with the greater cytotoxicity caused by kainate, spontaneous bioelectrical activity is completely blocked.
Cerebrovascular disorders and glucolipotoxicity
Authors: Tanashyan Marine M. , Antonova Kseniya V. , Raskurazhev Anton A. , Lagoda Olga V. , Shabalina Alla A. , Romantsova Tatyana I.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Rapid progression of atherosclerosis and, consequently, an increase in the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). There is a search for new biomarkers of these pathological conditions, including their preclinical forms, primarily associated with insulin resistance (IR), which underlies these metabolic disorders. Development of the glucose and lipid toxicity is considered as one of the decisive factors in the development of IR and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the presence of disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The negative consequences of isolated glucose- and/or lipid toxicity are less than the presence of both conditions simultaneously, known as glucolipotoxicity. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, initially developed to assess such combined changes, is of great interest to researchers as a marker or predictor of diseases associated with IR.
Aim: to investigate the effect of glucolipotoxicity in patients with ischaemic stroke and to determine the diagnostic value of the TyG index.
Materials and methods. The study included 251 people: group 1 (n = 145) patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and group 2 (n = 120) patients with carotid atherosclerosis and chronic cardiovascular disease but without stroke or acute coronary disease in the medical history. The control group (n = 86) consisted of people without atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, laboratory and imaging tests, including biochemical tests measuring the TyG index.
Results. Insulin resistance was found in all patient subgroups after acute stroke (irrespective of the ischaemic stroke subtype), and it was greater in patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM). The median TyG index value in patients with stroke and T2DM was 5 [4.8; 5.2], compared with 4.7 [4.6; 4.9] in patients with stroke but without T2DM. The TyG index was elevated in all patients with carotid atherosclerosis (median 4.9 [4.7; 5.2]), TyG index was statistically lower in people without atherosclerosis (median 4.6 [4.45; 4.7], p = 0.000).
When the TyG index values were evaluated using ROC curves as a predictor of significant carotid artery stenosis (lumen narrowing of 60% or greater), the area under the curve was 0.821 and the TyG threshold value was 5.3 for patients with T2DM, while these values were 0.9153 and 4.71 for people without T2DM, respectively.
Conclusion. The new method of glucolipotoxicity evaluation by calculating the TyG index has an important diagnostic and predictive role in identifying carotid atherosclerosis, IR, and metabolic syndrome in patients with cerebrovascular disease. This may allow us to stratify the patient categories that require vascular wall investigations, as well as to monitor treatment adequacy.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect Duration of a Single Local Corticosteroid Injection in Combination with Regular Wrist Joint Splinting in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Kiselev Vasiliy N. , Alexandrov Nikolay Yu. , Alexeeva Tatyana M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequent tunnel neuropathy. Local injection of corticosteroids (CS) and wrist splinting are used to treat CTS. The optimal frequency of local CS injections has not been determined.
The aim of this study was to carry out a comprehensive (clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasound) evaluation of the effect duration of a single local injection of corticosteroid with lidocaine in patients with mild and moderate CTS, in combination with regular wrist splinting for 6 months.
Materials and methods. Changes in the clinical, neurophysiological, and ultrasound parameters were analyzed in 44 cases of mild and moderate CTS after a single local administration of CS and the use of regular wrist splinting. The results of Tinels test, Phalens test, and the Boston Questionnaire, median nerve conductivity based on electroneuromyography data, cross-sectional area of the nerve at the entrance to the carpal tunnel, and the degree of nerve flattening on ultrasound were assessed before treatment and within six months after injection.
Results. Within 6 months following injection, all patients noted a significant improvement in the clinical condition. The greatest clinical effect occurred in the first 2 months, after which the objective signs of improvement stabilized or gradually regressed. Clinical symptoms, nerve conduction values, and the cross-sectional area remained stably improved for 6 months, while the amplitude of motor and sensory responses remained stable for 2 months.
Conclusion. In mild and moderate CTS, local injection of CS and lidocaine plus splinting provides the maximum improvement in clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasound parameters for the first 2 months. We hypothesize that a further improvement in objective results is possible with a repeat injection after 2 months.
DNA methylation in Parkinson disease
Authors: Yakovenko Elena V. , Fedotova Ekaterina Yu. , Illarioshkin Sergey N.
Published: January 2025

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. It causes motor impairment and the development of non-motor symptoms, which reduce the quality of life and gradually lead to patient disability. However, PD pathogenesis remains unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors play a role in PD development. Recently, researchers have focused more on epigenetic mechanisms and their significance in multifactorial diseases. Epigenetic modifications lead to changes in gene expression and function without changing the DNA sequence. The main epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, non-coding RNA activity, and DNA methylation, with most studies of PD focusing on the methylation of various genes. Differential DNA methylation occurs mainly in gene regions important for transcription, contributing to either activation of expression (at low methylation levels) or suppression of gene activity (at hypermethylation). This review analyses most of the recent studies on DNA methylation, with an emphasis on analyzing genes whose participation in PD development has been confirmed in numerous research papers, specifically, the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) and the Tau protein gene (MAPT). The possible use of this analysis of the methylation level of various genes as biomarkers of PD is discussed, as well as the potential for future therapeutic strategies based on epigenetic modifications.
Resting-state neural networks in cognitive decline in patients with vascular encephalopathy
Authors: Fokin Vitaliy F. , Ponomareva Natalia V. , Konovalov Rodion N. , Krotenkova Marina V. , Medvedev Roman B. , Lagoda Olga V. , Tanashyan Marine M.
Published: January 2025

We evaluated the connectivity reorganization of resting-state neural networks in patients with cognitive decline secondary to vascular encephalopathy (VE). Quantitative cognitive functions were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and compared with the organization of resting-state neural networks recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The aim of this work was to assess the relationship between various resting-state neural networks and cognitive function.
Materials and methods. The study involved 29 people with VE, divided into two groups: without cognitive decline ( 26 points on the MoCA) and with cognitive impairment (2418 points on the MoCA). Connectivity between different brain regions was evaluated in all patients using resting-state fMRI, with SPM-12 and CONN18b software applications in Matlab.
Results and conclusion. Statistically significant differences in connectivity were found between groups in the dorsal attention network, visual network, and sensorimotor networks, as well as in the left parahippocampal cortex. New, negative connectivity was observed alongside cognitive decline, which, together with reduced connectivity in resting-state neural networks, can be considered an obligatory sign accompanying cognitive impairment in VE.
Internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection: an approach to patient management
Authors: Kalashnikova Lyudmila A. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Maksimova Marina Yu , Tanashyan Marine M. , Danilova Maria S. , Dreval Marina V.
Published: January 2025

We aimed to evaluate the treatment results in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) dissection.
Materials and methods. We examined 285 patients (122 men and 163 women, mean age 37.7 8.1 years) with ICA dissection (n = 147), VA dissection (n = 122), or a combination of both (n = 16). The dissection presented as ischemic stroke in 175 patients and with local symptoms in the others. Out of 173 patients, 156 were managed conservatively. Efficacy of the conservative treatment in first 3 months was assessed in 143 patients who received anticoagulants (AC; n = 38), antiplatelets (AP; n = 42), both (n = 45) or no antithrombotic therapy (n = 18).
Results. Good functional recovery (02 points on the modified Rankin Scale) after 3 months was noted in 70% of patients, with no statistically significant differences between the different treatment types. There were 3 (2%) deaths in patients with severe stroke receiving AC. Recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 10% of patients most often (86%) occurring in the first 3 weeks and triggered by head movement, straining, or fluctuating blood pressure. No statistically significant differences were found between different conservative treatments. However, there was a tendency towards increased frequency of recurrent stroke in patients without antithrombotic therapy (22%), as compared with patients receiving AC (4%) or AP (12%). There were no strokes in 110 patients with local symptoms due to ICA/VA dissection during the observation period.
Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in AC and AP efficacy in patients with ICA or VA dissection. A neck brace to prevent head movement and control of blood pressure are advisable alongside pharmacological therapy.
The first clinical use of a Russian stent retriever during thrombectomy in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Grachev Nikita I. , Malaev Dastan U. , Andreev Mark N. , Trebushat Dmitry V. , Syrovnev Grigory I. , Loskutnikov Mark A. , Vakin Timofey M. , Konstantinov Viktor I. , Domashenko Maksim A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Endovascular thrombectomy with stent retrievers (SR) is effectively used to treat patients with ischaemic stroke due to thrombotic occlusion of large intracerebral arteries.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of popular SR made overseas to grab the blood clot in vitro compared with the first Russian SR (Grasper, Angioline), as well as to analyze the first use of this SR in clinical practice.
Materials and methods. A comparative assessment of different SR: Trevo ProVue (Stryker), Penumbra (Penumbra Inc.), Solitaire (Medtronic), and Grasper (Angioline) and their ability to capture a blood clot in vitro was performed. A clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Grasper SR in patients with ischaemic stroke was conducted.
Results. No difference was found in the ability of the test devices to pass through torturous areas, and all devices successfully reached the target implantation zone without difficulty. The clot could be removed entirely in all cases, with no evidence of fragmentation during removal. Clinical testing of the Grasper SR demonstrated that its performance was comparable to the Solitaire SR in restoring intracerebral blood flow.
Conclusion. The obtained results from the in vitro study demonstrate comparable effectiveness of the Russian SR to its counterparts. The clinical study results show that the Grasper SR can effectively and safely remove blood clots in clinical settings but requires further study on a larger number of subjects.
Inhibition of ABCB1 activity in cerebrovascular disease may increase pharmacotherapy effectiveness
Authors: Chernykh Ivan V. , Shchulkin Aleksey V. , Pravkin Sergei K. , Gatsanoga Maria V. , Yakusheva Elena N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Despite the development of numerous drugs with neuroprotective activity, their efficacy in cerebrovascular disease remains low, which may partly be due to the efflux function of protein ABCB1 and insufficient penetration of the blood-brain barrier by these drugs.
Aim to evaluate the potential to inhibit ABCB1 functional activity in the blood-brain barrier to improve the efficacy of neuroprotective therapy against brain ischemia.
Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed on 60 adult male Wistar rats split up into 5 groups: group 1 with falsely operated animals; group 2 with rats with modeled cerebral ischemia using bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries and preliminary intravenous injection of saline (control ischemia); group 3 with animals that were intravenously administered a neuroprotective agent, an АВСВ1 substrate (nimodipine), 30 min before arterial ligation; group 4 with rats that were intravenously administered an АВСВ1 inhibitor (omeprazole) 30 minutes before disease modeling; and group 5 with animals with ischemia that were intravenously administered nimodipine together with omeprazole before the operation. The efficacy of the tested substances was based on a reduction in animal deaths and the severity of neurological deficits 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after pathology modeling.
Results. The combination of nimodipine and omeprazole increased rat survival after ischemia modeling and decreased neurological deficits compared with the control rats with cerebral ischemia and the rats administered a neuroprotective agent.
Conclusion. The combination of a neuroprotective agent (ABCB1 substrate) and a transporter inhibitor provides an effective approach to improve the efficacy of neuroprotective pharmacotherapy in cerebral ischemia.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: 10 years of treatment experience
Authors: Gushcha Artyom O. , Dreval Maxim D. , Yusupova Adilya R. , Arestov Sergey O. , Petrosyan David V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) results from prolonged cervical stenosis and is characterized by severe neurological disturbances. Given the high degree of disability and the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment for CSM, spinal decompression surgery is preferable. Two surgical treatment approaches are currently in competition laminoplasty and corpectomy.
The study aimed to analyze the early (1 day after surgery) and long-term (12, 60, and 120 months after surgery) clinical, radiological, and neuroimaging results of CSM surgery.
Materials and methods. Two hundred and twenty-six patients (91 women and 135 men, average age 48.1 years) with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis accompanied by myelopathy underwent surgery. Pain severity (VAS score), proprioception (M. Doitas scale), ability to perform self-care (Nurick scale), and recovery after surgery (JOA scale) were clinically evaluated. The stability of the cervical spine was evaluated radiologically. Stenosis severity and myelopathy lesions were assessed based on the neuroimaging data.
Results. Early and long-term clinical, radiological, and neuroimaging results were evaluated. Neck pain was 03 points on the VAS in the long-term (12, 60, and 120 months after surgery), decreasing from the initial 68 points. The JOA scale results showed that the efficacy of myelopathy treatment directly depended on disease history and the timing of surgical intervention. According to the Nurick scale, there was a tendency towards significant improvement in neurological status in patients with moderate disease. In contrast, the neurological status improved or remained stable in patients with the more pronounced disease, but this required more time. Improvement in proprioception as measured by the M. Doita scale was observed in patients at all stages of the disease.
Conclusion. Both surgical methods (laminoplasty and corpectomy) lead to good outcomes in CSM treatment. The effectiveness of surgical treatment for CSM directly depends on the disease duration and timing of the decompression surgery. Recovery is better when clinical symptoms of CSM are mild, moderate, and moderately severe and with a timely presentation to a surgeon.
The relationship between the location of a lesion in the striatal dopaminergic innervation and its behavioral manifestation in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of Parkinson's disease in rats
Authors: Stavrovskaya Alla V. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Olshansky Artem S. , Gushchina Anastasia S. , Yamshikova Nina G.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Animal modelling of Parkinsons disease is an essential step in studying disease pathogenesis and searching for effective treatment methods. An accurate assessment of the resulting model is critical.
The aim of the study was to identify the correlation between the location of a lesion in the striatal dopaminergic innervation when the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered to rodents and the resulting behavior.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 75 male Wistar rats that received intranigral injection of 3 l of 6-OHDA at a dose of 4 g/l. The animals were examined in the open field test and narrowing beam walking test 33 days after administration, after which some of the animals were decapitated (n = 25) for immunohistochemical analysis.
Results. The inactive animal group was statistically significantly different from the active animal group, with more pronounced damage to the dopamine endings in the dorsomedial (p = 0.0235) and ventral (p = 0.091) striatum. In contrast, in the active animals, the lesion was primarily in the dorsolateral striatum. In the inactive animal group, the mean distance travelled in the open field test was significantly shorter (p 0.001), while freezing time (p 0.0168) and the average score on the neuroticism scale (p 0.001) were higher compared to the active animals. Spearman's correlation results showed a significant negative correlation (rS = 0.762; p 0.0001) between tyrosine hydroxylase staining intensity in the dorsolateral striatum and freezing time in the open field test. No correlation was found between freezing time and damage to other striatal areas.
Conclusion. Damage to the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum causes less severe motor and emotional disturbances than damage to the ventral striatum. The narrowing beam walking test can be used to assess the presence and severity of striatal damage reliably. This evaluation is critical in studies of subsequent treatment efficacy to reduce Parkinsonian syndrome.
Intercomparison of three continuous monitoring systems on operating oil and gas sites
Authors: Daniels William , Kidd Spencer , Yang Shuting (Lydia) , Stokes Shannon , Ravikumar Arvind , Hammerling Dorit
Published: January 2025

We compare continuous monitoring systems (CMS) from three different vendors on six operating oil and gas sites in the Appalachian Basin using several months of data. We highlight similarities and differences between the three CMS solutions when deployed in the field and compare their output to concurrent top-down aerial measurements and to site-level bottom-up inventories. Furthermore, we compare vendor-provided emission rate estimates to estimates from an open-source quantification algorithm applied to the raw CMS concentration data. This experimental setup allows us to disentangle the effect of the sensor platform (i.e., sensor type and arrangement) from the quantification algorithm. We find that: 1) localization and quantification estimates rarely agree between the three CMS solutions on short time scales (i.e., 30-minutes), but temporally aggregated emission rate distributions are similar between solutions, 2) differences in emission rate distributions are generally driven by the quantification algorithm, rather than the sensor platform, 3) agreement between CMS and aerial rate estimates varies by CMS solution but is close to parity when CMS estimates are averaged across solutions, and 4) similar sites with similar bottom-up inventories do not necessarily have similar emission characteristics. These results have important implications for developing measurement-informed inventories and for incorporating CMS inferential output into emission mitigation efforts.
Synthesis of the spirotetracyclic core of the ginkgolides via a malonyl radical cascade
Authors: Burton Jonathan , Hernández-Lladó Pol , Christensen Kirsten
Published: January 2025

The ginkgolides are a family of terpene trilactone natural products exclusive to the Ginkgo biloba tree. Here, we present a concise synthesis of their spirotetracyclic core via a manganese(III)-mediated oxidative radical cascade. Beginning from six simple starting materials, this route enables the diastereoselective synthesis of rings A, B, D and E of the natural product in nine steps, laying the foundations for their total synthesis.
Butyl-methylimidazolium functionalized resorcinol-formaldehyde resins: synthesis, properties, and applications to methylene blue removal
Authors: Tiano Martin , Asad Sara , Zhang Ning , Charlemont Selene , Manseur Elsa , Daniele Stéphane
Published: January 2025

Two new imidazolium-functionalized resorcinol-formaldehyde resins RFs were synthesized, using butyl-methyl imidazolium resorcinate [C1C4Im][Res] as a new precursor or using a post-functionalization method. During its synthesis, [C1C4Im][Res] spontenaously co-crystallizes with resorcinol (in a 1 : 1 stoechiometry): the crystal structure shows H-bonds between resorcinol and resorcinate, and rarely observed π⁺-π⁻ and C-H -π interactions between imidazolium ring and resorcinate. New RFs presented substantial decreases of the band gap compared to unmodified RF (from 2.0 eV to 1.72 eV). The use of [C1C4Im][Res] significantly improves particle size uniformity compared to unmodified RF, whereas the post-functionalization method partially degrades their structure. As RF, the two new resins efficiently catalyse the photodegradation of the methylene blue cation, and the post-functionalised resin has excellent adsorption properties for this dye.
Regioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of the Phosphorus and Arsenic Analogues of the Thiocyanate Anion
Authors: Baltrun Marc , Hett Florian , Seidl Michael , Weigend Florian , Hohloch Stephan
Published: January 2025

Salt metathesis reactions of the tris-amide zirconium iodide complex ([NRR’]3ZrI (1-I) (with NRR’ = 3,5-Xylyl-tert-butylamide, N(Xyl)(tBu)) and sodium 2-phosphaethynthiolate (Na(diox)3SCP) or 2-arsaethynthiolate (Na(diox)3SCAs) in THF result in the formal [3+2] cycloaddition of the two SCE (E = P, As) units forming novel five membered 2-thio-1,3,4-thiadiphosphole and 2-thio-1,3,4-thiadiarsole heterocyclic ligands with an exocyclic sulfur atom, bridging two zirconium fragments with the general formula (N(RR’)3Zr(-C,S-(SCE)2-Zr(NRR’)3 with E = P (2-PP) or As (3-AsAs). The reactions are regioselective and only the P,P / As,As isomers are formed in THF. Switching the solvent to toluene, salt metathesis with NaSCP results in the selective formation of the other regioisomer 2-SP, with a 3-thio-1,2,4-thiadiphosphole bridge, while for NaSCAs both regioisomers with an As-As bond (3-AsAs) and an S-As bond (3-SAs; 3-thio-1,2,4-thiadiarsole bridge) are observed. Quantum chemical investigations to elucidate the mechanism and solvent dependency suggest a concerted ring formation (in line with a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction) with 2-SP and 3-AsAs being the thermodynamic products of the reaction.
One-pot Chemoselective Aerobic Cascade Synthesis of Allyl-Aryl Sulfoxides Enabled by Photoinduced Na2 - Eosin Y and TEMPO
Authors: Ballanki Trinadh , Subramanian Aishwarya , Viswambharan Baby
Published: January 2025

Allylic sulfoxides are ubiquitous in medicine as well as in catalysis. Chemoselective synthesis of allyl-aryl sulfoxides is challenging due to competitive isomerizatio and overoxidation of allylic C-H as well as sulfur. Herein, we have accomplished an unprecedented, metal-free one-pot protocol for the aerobic cascade synthesis of allyl-aryl sulfinyls from Morita–Baylis–Hillman allyl bromides and thiols under visible light photocatalysis through a radical pathway. The most interesting part of this methodology is the selective and controlled oxidation of in situ formed allyl-aryl sulfides by merging sub-stoichiometric oxidizing agent TEMPO and visible light photocatalysis where overoxidation was completely excluded. This approach provides an efficient one-step access to biologically relevant and synthetically important molecules.
Self-limiting deposition of copper from copper beta-diketonates and plasma electrons
Authors: Promdet Premrudee , Niiranen Pentti , Lagerkvist Simon , Lundin Daniel , Pedersen Henrik
Published: January 2025

Copper metallic films are essential components in semiconductor devices. In this study, copper films were deposited by a pulsed electron chemical vapor deposition (e-CVD) process using free electrons from a plasma discharge as reducing agents, with copper beta-diketonates, Cu(hfac)2 and Cu(acac)2 as the copper source. The mass gain per deposition cycle monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor revealed a self-limiting deposition process, suggesting that the process is an electron atomic layer deposition (e-ALD) process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the films are contaminated by carbon, oxygen, and when Cu(hfac)2 was used, also fluorine. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) suggests that this is caused by redeposition of precursor fragments from plasma volume decomposition of precursor molecules desorbing during the plasma step.
Generalised Fault Diagnostics of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Machine Learning
Authors: D’Silva Greg , Mahmood Eashaal , Jervis Rhodri , ZHOU Shangwei
Published: January 2025

The ongoing threat of global warming necessitates a shift towards clean energy sources to meet rising demands while reducing carbon emissions. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) represent a promising technology for both mobile and stationary applications but their poor operational lifetimes and frequent faults are barriers to their commercial ubiquity. Thus, detecting and addressing faults rapidly is crucial to extend PEFC lifetimes and enhance their viability for alternative electricity generation. White-box and black-box models are widely used to diagnose PEFC faults; this work introduces a novel black-box approach using multifrequency Walsh function perturbation signals to diagnose polymer electrolyte membrane PEFC faults. This method improves signal-to-noise ratios in the electrical response of the fuel cell, increasing measurement accuracies without causing cell damage from excessive perturbation amplitudes. Using the voltage response of the PEFC as the diagnostic variable, dense neural networks (DNNs), 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs), and support vector machines (SVMs) were investigated for fault classification. Initial testing revealed that all models could accurately detect normal, drying, and starvation conditions in an individual PEFC, with the 1D-CNN and SVMs achieving 100% diagnostic accuracy. When tested on data from a different PEFC, the models exhibited poor generalisation abilities; nevertheless, combining data from multiple PEFCs significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, with the 1D-CNN displaying superior generalisation performance, particularly when trained with only a small portion of new data. The network’s convolutional architecture facilitates effective parameter sharing and local connectivity, enhancing computational efficiency and reducing errors. Thus, it emerges as the most suitable model for the diagnostic framework, capable of managing varying datasets from different PEFCs while maintaining high accuracies.
Bridging the Gap: Using Machine Learning Force Fields to Simulate Gold Break Junctions at Pulling Speeds Closer to Experiments
Authors: Bro-Jørgensen William , Hamill Joseph M. , Donadio Davide , Solomon Gemma C.
Published: January 2025

The properties and dynamics of gold nanowires have been studied for decades as an important testbed for several physical phenomena. Gold nanowires forming at contacts are an integral part of molecular junctions used to study the electronic and thermal properties of single molecules. However, the huge discrepancy in timescales between experiments and simulations, compounded by the limited accuracy of classical force fields, has posed a challenge in accurately simulating realistic junctions. Here we show that machine-learning force fields reveal new behaviors not captured by classical force fields when modeling Au-Au pulling junctions. Our simulations show a dependency of the average breaking distance on the pulling speed, highlighting a more complex behavior than previously thought. Our results demonstrate that the use of more accurate force fields to simulate metallic nanowires is essential to capture the complexity of their structural evolution in break junction experiments. Our developments advance the modeling accuracy of molecular junctions, bridging the gap between experimental and simulation timescales.