bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensiharvennuksen viivästymisen ja harvennusvoimakkuuden vaikutus nuoren männikön kehitykseen
Authors: Hynynen Jari , Saramäki Jussi
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yhdeksän nuoreen ensiharvennusvaiheen (valtapituus 12,0–13,9 m) männikköön perustetun faktorikokeen (3 harvennusastetta x 3 lannoitusastetta) perusteella harvennuksen viivästymisen vaikutusta 15 vuoden aikana ensiharvennuksesta. Voimakkaan ensiharvennuksen (60 % runkoluvusta) seurauksena puuston tilavuuskasvu aluksi pieneni harvennusta seuraavina vuosina, mutta se saavutti harventamattoman puuston kasvun tason 15 vuoden kuluessa harvennuksesta. Voimakas harvennus pienensi männikön tilavuuskasvua 15 vuoden aikana yhteensä 15 m ha (12 %) verrattuna harventamattoman puuston kasvuun. Harventamattomien metsiköiden tilavuuskasvu säilyi koko seurantajakson likimain vakiona. Harvennus ei vaikuttanut valtapituuden kehitykseen.3–1
Valtakunnan metsien 9. inventointiin perustuvat hakkuumahdollisuusarviot vuosille 1997–2026 Etelä-Pohjanmaan metsäkeskuksen alueella
Authors: Hirvelä Hannu , Nuutinen Tuula , Salminen Olli
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää nykyisen (metsäkeskusjako 1.1.1998) Etelä-Pohjanmaan metsäkeskuksen alueen hakkuumahdollisuudet vuosina 1997–2026. Hakkuulaskelmat tehtiin MELA-ohjelmistolla ja aineistona oli vuonna 1997 mitatusta valtakunnan metsien 9. inventoinnin koeala-aineistosta muodostettu MELA-aineisto.
Ålands skogar och deras utveckling 1963–1997
Authors: Tomppo Erkki , Korhonen Kari , Ihalainen Antti , Tonteri Tiina , Heikkinen Juha , Henttonen Helena
Published: February 2017

I denna artikel presenteras resultaten för den nionde riksskogstaxeringen (RST9) på Åland. Förändringar i resultat från början av sextiotalet samt deras orsaker granskas och analyseras. Ytterligare presenteras metoderna för sampling, fältmätningar och resultatberäkning i stora drag. En mera detaljerad beskrivning av mätningar och resultatberäkning ingår i en tidigare utkommen artikel, med inventeringsresultaten från södra Österbotten (Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2B/1998). Mätningar och placering av provytorna ändrades i syfte att effektivisera den nionde inventeringen. Ålands landskapsstyrelse finansierade delvis inventeringen, vilket möjliggjorde en uppmätning av dubbla tätheten provytor jämfört med till exempel Syd-Västra Finland.
Poronhoitoalueen etelä- ja keskiosien talvilaiduntunnukset metsäositteissa puuston ikäluokittain 1980-luvun alussa
Authors: Mattila Eero
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan laidun- ja metsikkötunnusten välistä yhteyttä aineistossa, joka mitattiin 1980-luvun alussa poronhoitoalueen etelä- ja keskiosista. Alueen talvilaitumien pinta-ala on 4,8 milj. ha ja näytteen koko on 6 245 koealaa. Tutkimusalue jaetaan etelä-pohjoissuunnassa kolmeksi osa-alueeksi gradientin saamiseksi esiin. Tarkastelua varten muodostetaan ensin metsäositteita kasvupaikan ja vallitsevan puulajin perusteella. Puustoiset ositteet jaetaan edelleen ikäluokkiin puuston iän perusteella. Laiduntunnusten ja puuston iän välinen yhteys esitetään graafisesti. Tarkastelu koskee lupon, metsälauhan ja poronjäkälien esiintymisrunsautta.
Effects of Various Warm-Up Protocol on Special Judo Fitness Test Performance
Authors: Lum Danny
Published: February 2017

Lum, D. Effects of various warm-up protocol on special judo fitness test performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 459–465, 2019—The purposed of this study was to compare the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance using explosive exercises that activates upper and lower limbs muscles. Eleven male judo athletes (mean ± SD, age, 16–29 years; height, 170 ± 7 cm; body mass, 73 ± 16 kg) attended 4 separate sessions. The first session was used to familiarize the subjects to the experimental procedure, the SJFT, the high pull test (HPT), and the 2 explosive exercises including resistance band pull and standing broad jump. Subsequently, subjects were randomly assigned in a counterbalanced manner to either perform the upper and lower body (ULB) PAP, lower body (LB) PAP or usual competition (CON) warm-up routine before performing the HPT and SJFT. The following variables were quantified: throws performed during series A, B, and C; total number of throws; heart rate immediately and 1 minute after the test; test index; peak power; and RPE after warm-up. During series 1, number of throws performed in LB and ULB were significantly greater than CON (p ≤ 0.05). Only ULB resulted in significantly greater number of total throws (p < 0.01) and higher peak power (p < 0.01) than CON. The RPE for both LB and ULB were significantly lower than CON (p < 0.01). Peak power was moderately correlated to total number of throws performed (r = 0.4, p ≤ 0.05). This study suggest that performing ULB before SJFT can result in improved performance and peak power.
The Basolateral Amygdalae and Frontotemporal Network Functions for Threat Perception
Authors: Hortensius Ruud , Terburg David , Morgan Barak , Stein Dan J. , van Honk Jack , de Gelder Beatrice
Published: February 2017

Although the amygdalae play a central role in threat perception and reactions, the direct contributions of the amygdalae to specific aspects of threat perception, from ambiguity resolution to reflexive or deliberate action, remain ill understood in humans. Animal studies show that a detailed understanding requires a focus on the different subnuclei, which is not yet achieved in human research. Given the limits of human imaging methods, the crucial contribution needs to come from individuals with exclusive and selective amygdalae lesions. The current study investigated the role of the basolateral amygdalae and their connection with associated frontal and temporal networks in the automatic perception of threat. Functional activation and connectivity of five individuals with Urbach–Wiethe disease with focal basolateral amygdalae damage and 12 matched controls were measured with functional MRI while they attended to the facial expression of a threatening face–body compound stimuli. Basolateral amygdalae damage was associated with decreased activation in the temporal pole but increased activity in the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal and medial orbitofrontal cortex. This dissociation between the prefrontal and temporal networks was also present in the connectivity maps. Our results contribute to a dynamic, multirole, subnuclei-based perspective on the involvement of the amygdalae in fear perception. Damage to the basolateral amygdalae decreases activity in the temporal network while increasing activity in the frontal network, thereby potentially triggering a switch from resolving ambiguity to dysfunctional threat signaling and regulation, resulting in hypersensitivity to threat.
“What if it is actually true?”
Authors: Urbańczyk Joanna
Published: February 2017

The Siberian community of Vissarion (Last Testament Church) is a new religious movement established at the beginning of 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Among its members (estimated at several thousand), who come mainly from Russia and former Soviet republics, there is also a large group of Vissarion’s followers from Eastern Europe. In this article, I present a general characteristic of the movement and four stories from adherents. I indicate common elements in their narratives of coming to and living in the community, such as belief in continuing spiritual development, the importance of living close to nature, the focus on feelings, and concern for future generations. I also point out a “generational shift” among members of the importance of the breakup of the Soviet Union and suggest the need for scholarly consideration of its decreasing significance for adherents of new religious movements in the post-socialist region.
Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes susceptibility in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sahin Ozlem Atan , Goksen Damla , Ozpinar Aysel , Serdar Muhittin , Onay Huseyin
Published: February 2017

Background

There have been studies focused on FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus with controversial results.

Methods

This present study is a meta-analysis investigating the association between FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms of VDR gene and type 1 DM in children. A literature search was performed using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and PubMed. Any study was considered eligible for inclusion if at least one of FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms was determined, and outcome was type 1 DM at pediatric age.

Results

A total of 9 studies comprising 1053 patients and 1017 controls met the study inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of the FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms were combined and calculated. Forest plots and funnel plots of the OR value distributions were drawn. Our meta-analysis has demonstrated statistically significant associations between DM1 and VDR genotypes, BsmIBB (P < 0.05), BsmIBb, (P < 0.05), BsmIbb (P < 0.05), TaqITT (P < 0.05) and TaqItt (P < 0.05) in children.

Conclusion

The results indicated that BsmIBB, BsmIBb and TaqItt polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of type 1 DM, whereas BsmIbb and TaqITT had protective effect for type 1 DM in children.
PERMASALAHAN DAN ALTERNATIF SOLUSI PEMACUAN STOK IKAN BILIH (Mystacoleucus padangensis) Dl DANAU SINGKARAK, SUMATRA BARAT (KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KELEMBAGAAN)
Authors: Koeshendrajana Sonny , Purnomo Kunto , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: February 2017

Penelitian dengan tujuan mengkaji status dan permasalahan serta peluang solusi terkait dengan aspek sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan yang mendukung strategi pemacuan stok ikantelah dilakukan di Danau Singkarak Sumatera Barat pada bulan Januari- Desember 2002. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melode Parcipatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).
Opacidade das fronteiras entre real e virtual na perspectiva dos usuários do Facebook
Authors: Rosa Gabriel Artur Marra e , Santos Benedito Rodrigues dos , Faleiros Vicente de Paula
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a relação entre o mundo real e o virtual com base na perspectiva dos jovens usuários da maior rede social do mundo, o Facebook. Para a consecução do objetivo, esta pesquisa ouviu, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, dez jovens usuários de ambos os sexos residentes no Distrito Federal. Os dados foram analisados sob a perspectiva interdisciplinar, particularmente respaldada em teorias interpretativas oriundas da psicologia social e da antropologia sociocultural. Evidenciou-se que os participantes concebem essas duas categorias como distintas uma da outra, na medida em que cada uma possui suas especificidades e relações de diferença e de similaridade. Constatou-se ainda que as vivências subjetivas dos sujeitos pesquisados acabam criando uma espécie de continuum cuja existência encontra-se justaposta entre cada um desses ambientes, tornando opacas ou movediças as fronteiras entre ambos.
Aspectos da dialogia do mito Madre Ñame na cultura indígena wounaan-nonam
Authors: Simão Livia Mathias , Rios Hernán Sánchez
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre maneiras de articular as relações eu-outro-mundo emergentes em diálogos envolvendo o imaginário mítico da cultura wounaan-nonam, uma comunidade indígena que vive na floresta tropical do pacífico colombiano. Desde a perspectiva do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, a relação eu-outro-mundo se produz na conservação e transformação das culturas pessoal e coletiva: nesse processo o outro é uma oportunidade para que o eu interrogue e seja interrogado no diálogo com a cultura tradicional. A construção da cultura pessoal - base de toda cultura humana - é um processo único, no qual cada pessoa cria ativamente relações de significado em um sistema de mitos que permite aberturas e fechamentos na geração de novos mitos no contexto da cultura coletiva. A articulação da relação eu-outro-mundo emerge da análise dialógica do mito Madre Ñame dessa comunidade.
Production of natural aroma by yeast in wastewater of cassava starch industry
Authors: Oliveira Simone M. M. , Gomes Simone D. , Sene Luciane , Christ Divair , Piechontcoski Julia
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT 2-Phenylethanol (PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a characteristic odor of roses, widely used in food industry to modify certain aroma compositions in formulations with fruit, jam, pudding, and chewing gums, and also in cosmetic and fragrance industry. This compound occurs naturally in low concentrations in some essential oils from flowers and plants. An alternative to plants extraction are biotechnological processes. This study evaluated 2-phenylethanol’s production in cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cassava wastewater originated from starch industry. The substrate was supplemented with glucose and L-phenylalanine in order to obtain higher 2-phenylethanol concentrations and better efficiency in glucose/2-phenylethanol conversion. It was performed using Rotatable Center Composite Design and response surface analysis. Cultures were performed under aerobic conditions in a batch system in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 mL of medium in shaker at 150 rpm and 24 ± 1 ºC. The highest PE values were obtained with supplementation of 20.0 g.L-1 of glucose and 5.5 g.L-1 of L-phenylalanine, which has been experimentally validated, obtaining a PE production of 1.33 g.L-1 and PE/glucose yield factor of 0.070 g.g-1, equivalent to 74.3 and 89.7% of desirability values according to the validated model.
MicroRNAs as Master Regulators of Glomerular Function in Health and Disease
Authors: Trionfini Piera , Benigni Ariela
Published: February 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression, and the dysregulation of miRNAs is a common feature of several diseases. More miRNAs are identified almost daily, revealing the complexity of these transcripts in eukaryotic cellular networks. The study of renal miRNAs, using genetically modified mice or by perturbing endogenous miRNA levels, has revealed the important biologic roles miRNAs have in the major cell lineages that compose the glomerulus. Here, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and function in regulating key genes and cellular pathways in glomerular cells during development and homeostasis. Moreover, we focus on the emerging mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to different diseases affecting the glomerulus, such as FSGS, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. In-depth knowledge of miRNA-based gene regulation has made it possible to unravel pathomechanisms, enabling the design of new therapeutic strategies for glomerular diseases for which available therapies are not fully efficacious.
Are Basel's Capital Surcharges for Global Systemically Important Banks Too Small?
Authors: Passmore Wayne , von Hafften Alexander H.
Published: February 2017

The Basel Committee promulgates bank regulatory standards that many major economies enact to a significant extent. One element of the Basel III capital standards is a system of capital surcharges for global systemically important banks (G-SIBs). If the purpose of the surcharges is to ensure the survival of G-SIBs through serious crises (like the 2007-09 financial crisis) without extraordinary public assistance, our analysis suggests that current surcharges are too low because of three shortcomings: (1) the Basel system underestimates the probability that a G-SIB can fail, (2) the Basel system fails to account for short-term funding, and (3) the Basel system excludes too many banks from current surcharges. Our best estimate suggests that the current surcharges should be between 225 and 525 basis points higher for G-SIBs that are not reliant on short-term funding; G-SIBs that are reliant on short-term funding should have even higher surcharges. Furthermore, we find that, even with significant confidence in the effectiveness of other Basel III reforms, modest increases in surcharges appear needed.
Going Entrepreneurial? IPOs and New Firm Creation
Authors: Zarutskie Rebecca , Babina Tania , Ouimet Paige
Published: February 2017

Using matched employee-employer US Census data, we examine the effect of a successful initial public offering (IPO) on employee departures to startups. Accounting for the endogeneity of a firm’s choice to go public, we find strong evidence that going public induces employees to leave for start-ups. Moreover, we document that the increase in turnover following an IPO is driven by employees departing to start-ups; we find no change in the rate of employee departures for established firms. We present evidence that, following an IPO, many employees who received stock grants experience a positive shock to their wealth which allows them to better tolerate the risks associated with joining a startup or to obtain funding. Our results suggest that the recent declines in IPO activity and new firm creation in the US may be causally linked. The recent decline in IPOs means fewer workers may move to startups, decreasing overall new firm creation in the economy.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S MATHEMATIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL DISPOSITION IN IMPLEMENTING GENERATIVE LEARNING
Authors: Pratomo Saifurrahman Iman
Published: February 2017

This paper reports the result of an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design, which aims to find out the role of generative learning model and student’s basic mathematical knowledge (BMK) in the improvements of students’ mathematization and the correlation between students’ mathematization and mathematical disposition. The subjects of the study included 73 eight grade students of a junior high school. The instrument of this study was a set of mathematical tests adopted from the Indonesian National Examination (UN). The data were analyzed using t-test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. This study finds that the generative learning model had effects on students’ mathematization and basic mathematical knowledge (BMK).
Drug utilization pattern in dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai
Authors: Patil Arun , Dighe Darshana , Kolte Shrikrishna , Jadhav Pradeep R. , Deshmukh Y. A.
Published: February 2017

Background: Skin diseases are common and cause a huge disease burden globally. Different class of drugs and combinational products are available in dermatology for treatment. Periodic prescription analysis in the form of drug utilization study can improve the quality of prescription and curb the menace of irrational prescribing. Aim and objective of the study were to study the prescribing pattern and drug utilization trends in Dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of three months in dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Navi-Mumbai. A total of 102 adult patients visiting dermatology OPD were included and their prescriptions were analyzed with WHO prescribing indicators and additional indices.Results: Analysis showed that the average number of drugs per prescription was 3.27. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 31.1%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from National Essential drug list (NEDL) was 44.2%. The commonest prescribed drugs were antihistaminics followed by antifungals. Oral tablets were the commonest prescribed dosage form.Conclusions: Antihistaminics and antifungals dominated the prescribing pattern in this study with restraint on polypharmacy, but showed ample scope for improvement to prescribe generic and selection of essential drugs.
Anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus tereticornis n-hexane extract in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Manikkoth Shyamjith , Damodar Sheeba , Sequeira Melinda , Samuel Kevin
Published: February 2017

Background: To find out a new agent with a high therapeutic index for the treatment of anxiety, an indigenous medicinal plant Eucalyptus terteticornis was screened for its effect on anxiety in experimental animal model.Methods: Thirty six adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 175-200g were divided into three groups: Group I: DMSO 10% (0.1ml/200g), Group II: hexane extract of leaves of Eucalyptus terteticornis (ETHE) (100mg/kg/body weight), Group III: Diazepam (1mg/kg orally). All test compounds were administered orally for ten days. On tenth day, after one hour of test compounds administration, Wistar rats were taken for elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark arena (LDA) tests. Statistical comparisons among the groups were performed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Krammer test.Results: The results showed that ETHE treated animals (Group II) significantly (p <0.001) increased the time spent in open arms of EPM and in bright arena of LDA on comparing with normal (Group I).Conclusions: The anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus terteticornis can be due to its effect on brain neurotransmitters or due to antioxidant property.
¿Etnografía o Historia para el Presente? Cómo estudiar las comunidades Hispano-mexicanas en nuevo México
Authors: Rojo Danna A. Levin
Published: February 2017

Resumo: este artigo discute os desafios metodológicos que envolvem a análise de comunidades marginalizadas no interior dos contextos multiétnicos tipicamente derivados de processos de colonização e conquista. Propõe uma aproximação transdisciplinar que combina a história, a etnografia e a sociologia, complementadas com o estudo dos sistemas jurídicos em que tais comunidades têm estado imersas. Para isso, utiliza como exemplo o caso das comunidades hispano-mexicanas do Novo México, cuja origem está no passado colonial do México e

que foram integradas aos Estados Unidos da América no fim da guerra entre os dois países, entre 1846 e 1848 quando, em virtude do Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo, México cedeu a metade setentrional de seu território a seu vitorioso vizinho. Palavras-chave: Hispano-Mexicano. Marginalização. Propriedade. Transdisciplinaridade. Estados Unidos da América.
Territorio e Mobilidade Mura no Baixo Rio Madeira (AM)
Authors: Pereira Márcia Leila De Castro
Published: February 2017

Resumo: este trabalho visa apresentar algumas das possíveis acepções da territorialidade Mura no Delta dos Autazes, Baixo Rio Madeira/AM. Os Mura têm por praxe inscrever seus deslocamentos pelo espaço, e nesses movimentos, tornam visível suas regiões de apropriação

(que não são totalmente imprevisíveis). Fazem, com isso, uma ressignificação do modo de habitar o lugar, e marcam, no percorrer, um itinerário em que se reconhecem.

Palavras-chave: Índios Mura. Mobilidade. Território. Lugar.
O aldeamento dos índios de Itambacuri e a política indigenista na província de Minas Gerais (1873-1889)
Authors: De Oliveira Tatiana Gonçalves
Published: February 2017

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Ñande Reko Arandu dos Guarani- Ñandeva da Tekoha Sombrerito: A educação indígena na perspectiva intercultural
Authors: Silva Josealaine Dias De Lima
Published: February 2017

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A questão dos desastres em destinações turísticas: o caso da destinação Costa Verde e Mar em Santa Catarina
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Mariano , Marcos Mattedi Mattedi Antônio
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho apresenta as implicações dos desastres sobre a atividade turística, em especial, abordando a destinação turística Costa Verde e Mar, em Santa Catarina. A destinação encontra-se localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Vale do Itajaí, uma região suscetível a desastres e com potencial para provocar sérios impactos para o trade turístico. Para analisar essa problemática, a pesquisa teve como metodologia o levantamento de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, bem como a análise de documentos oficiais sobre o turismo e os desastres em Santa Catarina. Concluiu-se que a atividade turística explorada na destinação possuiu total condição de ser afetada pelos desastres em virtude das condições ambientais, geológicas e hidrológicas existentes na região do Vale do Itajaí. Dessa forma, a efetivação desse fenômeno poderia proporcionar um grande prejuízo para o trade, bem como para economia da destinação turística.
As dinâmicas das redes no campo do turismo: uma aposta na diversidade
Authors: Fortunato Rafael Ângelo , Garcez Marília Lima
Published: February 2017

Este artigo pretende estabelecer reflexões sobre as dinâmicas e a importância das formações de redes para organização e promoção da atividade turística. Estudamos a rede Brasilidade Solidária. O objetivo da rede é divulgar ações que se aproximem do conceito de turismo solidário e contribuir com a gestão da atividade. Trabalhamos com a observação participante e com a pesquisa-ação. Atuamos em todos os processos de desenvolvimento do turismo nas localidades (reuniões, conhecimento dos territórios e produção de novos roteiros). Os dados de pesquisa foram organizados em seis categorias de análises: disputas e divergências; indicações e não linearidades; rede e política; redes sociais virtuais; rede e visibilidade e densidade da rede. Consideramos que a formação de redes é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da atividade turística, mas que a sua dinâmica precisa ser pensada de forma crítica e requer uma abordagem complexa capaz de superar os desafios e contribuir para o desenvolvimento local.
Zagadnienia morfogenezy i przemian rozplanowania wsi na tle rozwoju osadnictwa w zachodniej części gminy Szadek
Authors: Figlus Tomasz
Published: February 2017

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań geograficzno-historycznych dotyczących zagadnień morfogenezy i zmian rozplanowania wsi w zachodniej części współczesnej gminy Szadek. Szczegółowej analizie poddano 32 punkty osadnicze położone na zachód od koryta rzecznego Pichny Szadkowickiej lub leżące w bezpośrednim jego sąsiedztwie. W badaniach wykorzystano historyczne źródła kartograficzne, w tym mapy topograficzne oraz archiwalne plany poszczególnych jednostek osadniczych. Ich analiza porównawcza w ujęciu dynamicznym dała podstawę do rekonstrukcji inicjalnych struktur przestrzennych oraz ich późniejszych zmian. Pochodzenie i proces kształtowania układów ruralistycznych omówiony został w kontekście rozwoju osadnictwa na badanym obszarze, dzięki wykorzystaniu źródeł dokumentowych oraz statystyczno-opisowych od okresu średniowiecza do XX w. Uwzględniono m.in. metrykę historyczną wsi, proces lokacji na prawie niemieckim, rozwój i zanik stosunków folwarcznych. Na tle zjawiska transformacji morfologicznej w XIX i XX w. udało się zidentyfikować przykłady układów przestrzennych pochodzenia feudalnego, w tym nieregularne wsie drogowe z blokowo-pasmowym układem działek, relikty ulicówek z układem niwowym rozłogów oraz dobrze zachowane w krajobrazie kulturowym dawne struktury dworsko-folwarczne.
Zagadnienia morfogenezy i przemian rozplanowania wsi na tle rozwoju osadnictwa we wschodniej części gminy Szadek
Authors: Figlus Tomasz
Published: February 2017

Artykuł ukazuje wyniki badań z zakresu geografii historycznej osadnictwa poświęcone kwestii morfogenezy i zmian rozplanowania wsi usytuowanych we wschodniej części współczesnej gminy Szadek. Zaliczono do niej 38 jednostek osadniczych położonych na wschód od biegu Pichny Szadkowickiej, z wyjątkiem osad leżących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie jej koryta. Na potrzeby pracy dokonano kwerendy historycznych źródeł kartograficznych, w tym map topograficznych oraz archiwalnych planów badanych wsi. Dzięki zastosowaniu metod retrospektywnych oraz progresywnych możliwe stało się dokonanie rekonstrukcji pierwotnych form rozplanowania oraz ich późniejszej transformacji. Geneza i zmiany układów przestrzennych zaprezentowane zostały na tle rozwoju osadnictwa na badanym obszarze. W tym kontekście poddano analizie wybrane źródła dokumentowe oraz statystyczno-opisowe od okresu średniowiecza do XX w. W badaniach porównawczych wzięto pod uwagę najstarsze wzmianki źródłowe, zmiany wielkości wsi, proces lokacji na prawie niemieckim oraz rozwój i proces zaniku struktur folwarcznych. W pracy uwzględniono analizę regulacji morfologicznych w XIX i XX w., głównie w zakresie procesów komasacyjno-separacyjnych i parcelacyjnych. Mimo istotnych zmian rozplanowania udało się wykazać w krajobrazie kulturowym pozostałości średniowiecznych wsi nieregularnych z blokowo-pasmowym układem rozłogów, dobrze zachowane ulicówki z układem niwowym pól oraz dawne założenia dworsko-folwarczne.
Zalesianie gruntów rolnych i nieużytków w gminie Szadek w latach 1995–2015
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Lisek Sylwester , Ambrożkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2017

Charakterystyczną cechą przemian współczesnego krajobrazu Polski jest zmniejszanie się powierzchni gruntów rolniczo użytkowanych na rzecz lasów. W pracy przedstawiono dane na temat zalesień słabych gruntów rolnych i tzw. nieużytków zrealizowanych w gminie Szadek w ostatnim dwudziestoleciu. Odnotowano, że w analizowanym okresie powierzchnia lasów tego obszaru zwiększyła się o około 300 ha. Uprawy leśne założono na ponad 170 ha gruntów prywatnych, przy czym w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu zalesiono zaledwie 27 ha. Działalność związana ze zmianą formy użytkowania gruntu prywatnego z rolnego na leśny jest od 2004 r. (po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej) wspierana finansowo ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rolnego na rzecz Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej UE. Według danych Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa w Gminie Szadek na zalesienie 23,75 ha gruntów przeznaczono ponad 800 tys. zł (w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich). Stwierdzono, że rozmiar realizowanych zalesień był warunkowany m.in. brakiem długoterminowej stabilności zasad udzielania wsparcia finansowego, ale też znaczącym wzrostem wartości rynkowej gruntów rolnych. Brak stabilizacji gospodarczej czy politycznej oraz zmiany regulacji prawnych związanych z użytkowaniem gruntów rolnych i leśnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej, w tym w Polsce, hamują – uzasadniony względami ekonomicznymi (zalesianie gruntów nieodpowiednich do prowadzenia gospodarki rolnej) i ekologicznymi (odtworzenie ekosystemów leśnych w krajobrazie zdominowanym przez pola uprawne) – proces zalesiania słabych gruntów rolnych i nieużytków.
Problematyka Szadku i ziemi szadkowskiej na łamach periodyku „Na Sieradzkich Szlakach”
Authors: Kaczmarek Iwona , Śmiech Ewa
Published: February 2017

W artykule wskazano zakres tematyczny i chronologiczny publikowanych na łamach czasopisma „Na Sieradzkich Szlakach” prac dotyczących Szadku i ziem historycznego powiatu szadkowskiego. Dokonany przegląd bibliograficzny upoważnia do stwierdzenia, że problematyka tego regionu została dość szeroko i różnorodnie zaprezentowana. W kręgu zainteresowań autorów artykułów znalazły się dzieje miasta, jego rozwój gospodarczy, a także kulturalno-oświatowy na przestrzeni wieków. W osobnych działach czasopisma zamieszczone zostały biografie wybitnych ludzi związanych z ziemią szadkowską oraz opisane zabytki kultury materialnej i duchowej regionu. Zgodnie z turystyczno-krajoznawczym profilem periodyku publikowane artykuły popularyzują wiedzę o regionie i zachęcają jednocześnie do samodzielnego zwiedzenia tej części kraju.
Wywiad z Danielą Osińską (pseudonim ‘Wierna’), 1o v. Kretowicz, 2o v. Ludwicka – członkiem Armii Krajowej i siostrą komendanta Spieszonego Szwadronu AK w Szadku
Authors: Stulczewski Jarosław
Published: February 2017

Jedenasty wywiad w ramach cyklicznej rubryki „Biuletynu Szadkowskiego” to rozmowa z porucznik w stanie spoczynku Danielą Ludwicką ps. „Wierna” – członkiem podziemia niepodległościowego w czasie okupacji hitlerowskiej i siostrą Ludwika Osińskiego ps. „Orlicz”, komendanta Spieszonego Szwadronu AK w Szadku.
Rozwój Uniejowa w zintegrowanych planach i strategiach. Przykład Strategii Makroregionu Centralnego i Zintegrowanej Strategii Rozwoju Warszawsko-Łódzkiego Obszaru Funkcjonalnego do roku 2030
Authors: Nowakowska Aleksandra , Rzeńca Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Nowe podejście do procesu planowania rozwoju, określane mianem planowania zintegrowanego lub terytorialno-funkcjonalnego, ma na celu uwzględnienie w szerszym zakresie zróżnicowanych uwarunkowań rozwoju oraz optymalne wykorzystanie endogenicznych zasobów tzw. kapitałów terytorialnych. Na znaczeniu zyskują obszary funkcjonalne, których determinantą delimitacji są powiązania i relacje sieciowe. W tym kontekście kluczową rolę odgrywają instrumenty polityki rozwoju służące budowaniu partnerstwa instytucjonalnego oraz integracji wieloaspektowych działań podmiotów publicznych. Instrumentami o charakterze ponadlokalnym, koncentrującymi się na kompleksowym podejściu do planowania rozwoju ponad granicami administracyjnymi, są zintegrowane strategie rozwoju, stanowiące przedmiot niniejszego artykułu. W artykule przedstawiono rolę i miejsce Uniejowa w długookresowych, zintegrowanych strategiach rozwoju. Analizą objęto zarówno diagnozę potencjału, jak i identyfikację kierunków rozwoju wskazanych w dokumentach strategicznych, tj. Koncepcji Strategii Rozwoju Makroregionu Polski Centralnej oraz Zintegrowanej Strategii Rozwoju Warszawsko-Łódzkiego Obszaru Funkcjonalnego do roku 2030.
Strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency: A review
Authors: Yadav1* M.R. , Kumar1 Rakesh , Parihar3 C.M. , Yadav2 R.K. , Jat3 S.L. , Ram1 H. , Meena1 R.K. , Singh1 M. , . Birbal , Verma1 A.P. , Kumar1 U. , Ghosh Ashish , Jat5 M.L.
Published: February 2017

Nitrogen (N) is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. The half of the global population directly or indirectly depends on nitrogenous fertilizers for food supply. Today, Rice, wheat, and maize are consuming more than 90% of total nitrogenous fertilizer used in cereals. Underuse of nitrogen is associated with lower crop production while overuse leads to several soil and environmental related consequences. Therefore, response to applied nitrogen and its use efficiency have to be monitored properly for obtaining the maximum potential and sustainable yield. Efficiency of applied nitrogenous fertilizers is very low due to its various losses i.e. volatilization, leaching, surface runoff and denitrification from soil-plant system. Therefore, the proper understanding of advanced soil and plant management practices which helps in enhancement of nitrogen recovery efficiency is one of the key factors to enhance crop output, decreasing cost of cultivation, and to maintain environmental quality which ultimately adds towards the goal of achieving long term sustainable production system. In this review, an attempt has been made summarize the locally as well as scientific soil and crop management technologies used for improving use efficiency of applied N. This paper also discusses nitrogen cycling in soil-plant systems, various N losses pathways, present status and most possible management options at the farm level for enhancing nitrogen use in crop production system.
Weed management in onion: A review
Authors: Dhananivetha M. , Amnullah M. Mohammed , Arthanari P. Murali , Mariappan S.
Published: February 2017

The bulbous vegetable onion Allium cepa Var. aggregatum L. (2n=16) is the most important species of Allium group and is regarded as the single most important vegetable spices as it forms an indispensable part of many diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Onion is valued for its bulbs having characteristic odour, flavor and pungency. Onion is regarded as a highly export oriented crop and earns a valuable foreign exchange for the country. Weeds are of great menace as they interfere with production of crop and add to the cost of cultivation. The reduction in crop yield has direct correlation with weed competition. Onion exhibits greater susceptibility to weed competition as compared to other crops due to its inherent characteristics such as their slow growth, small stature, shallow roots and lack of dense foliage. The effective weed control involves identification of weed flora, method of weed control and judicious combination of effective weed control methods. Hand weeding in onion is a common practice in India, but it is a tedious, expensive and time consuming task due to closer spacing and shallow root system. Non-availability of labourers during critical period of crop makes hand weeding difficult leading to heavy yield losses. Spraying of pre-emergence herbicides keeps the crop in weed free conditions during the early stages. At later stage, second flush of weeds will affect the bulb formation. Hand weeding helps to keep the weed population below economic threshold level throughout the crop growth period. Pre-emergence combined with hand weeding may be costly because of the reduced labour availability and higher labour cost. After bulb formation manual or mechanical methods of weed control will damage the bulb. Application of early post emergence may be helpful to reduce damage to the bulb, weed competition and cost of weeding. Hence a brief review was presented to find out the effect of different weed management method in onion.
Utilisation of agricultural wastes in participatory poultry farming with women under climatic conditions of Tonk district of Rajasthan
Authors: Singh* Gitam , Sharma R.B. , Singh Mahendra , Sharma S.K.
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted at 6 tehsils (Newai, Tonk, Uniara, Todarai singh, Deoli and Malpura) of Tonk district of Rajasthan. One thousand and two hundred chicks of six weeks age were purchased from Maharana Pratap University, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Two groups of ten farmers each were sekected from each tehsil. 10 chicks were provided to each farmer which was broiler and layer mixed. The average increased weight of broiler was 3.66±19.34 kg under Akodia village group and 3.94±19.34 kg was under Talibpura village group. Akodia village group was slowly gaining weight compare than Talibpura village group because they were providing vermin waste which contained more amounts of proteins. The findings of Harnoda village group in I, II, II, IV, V and VI month was found to be 480±22g, 480±14g, 640±09g, 710±22g, 720±20g and 730±21g fed crop waste to the poultry chicks and other essential contents of diet were similar with other groups. In case of meat it was slowly growing compare than Fuleta village group because Fuleta village group was providing Fish waste which contained more amounts of vitamins and minerals. Harnoda village group reported the number of egg was 06±01, 07±02, 09±01, 10±02, 09±01 and 09±02 respectively in six months with an average of 8.33±02. The performance of Harnoda village group was better than Akodia and Fuleta village group but poor in comparison with Talibpura, Panwar and Barbas village group because of difference in feeding, locally available sources of feed and water quality. Talibpura village group reported that the number of egg was 08±02, 10±02, 11±01, 11±02, 10±02, 11±02 and 11±03 respectively in six months with an average of 10±02. It was best performance of this study due to improved feeding, water quality and managmental factors. Environmental factors may affect the production of broiler and layers.
Deprivation of Liberty: the position in Scotland
Authors: Dunlop Laura Jean
Published: February 2017

This article outlines the response in Scotland to the Bournewood litigations, chronicles the project undertaken by the Scottish Law Commission to consider reform of the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 to address deprivation of liberty, and describes the recommended scheme.
Factors Associated with Diarrheal Dehydration in Toddlers at Kalijudan Health Center Work Area
Authors: Christy Meivi Yusinta
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTOne of common health problem among toddlers in Indonesia is diarrhea. Diarrhea is a disease that has risk to cause death. The main causes of death in diarrhea is dehydration by the loss of fluids and electrolytes through feces. Based on monthly reports of diarrhea at Kalijudan Health Center (Indonesian: Puskesmas Kalijudan) in 2013, there were some toddlers aged 1–4 years old that suffered dehydration due to diarrhea. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics and knowledge and the incidence of toddler dehydration due to diarrhea at Kalijudan Health Center, Surabaya. This research was an analytic observational research with case-control design. Subjects of the research were drawn from the population using simple random sampling. Number of samples obtained was 30 individuals for case group and another 30 for control group. The independent variables were the characteristics of the toddler’s mother (including age, education, work statu, family income) and knowledge of the toddler’s mother. Primary data were collected using questionnaires. Analysis of the data was done using Chi Square statistical test. The results of bivariate analysis, it was found that the variables associated with the incidence of diarrheal dehydration among toddlers were mother’s work status (p = 0.010), and knowledge of the toddler’s mother (p = 0.002). There were no relationship among age of toddlers’ mother (p = 0.779), mother’s education (p = 0.797), and family income (p = 0.430). The conclusion that could be drawn was the work status and knowledge of the toddler’s mother was significantly associated with the incidence of diarrheal dehydration in toddlers. There is needs of education or health promotion for mothers concerning to proper management of diarrhea for toddlers using prevention of diarrhea through seven interventions.Keywords: characteristics, knowledge, mother’s toddler, diarrhea dehydration, toddler
Relationship Between Storage and Recording with Quality of DPT Vaccine Cold Chain in Puskesmas
Authors: Hikmarida Faradiba
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasing number of diphteria cases in Sidoarjo Regency, with occurrence of cases in those who had received DPT immunization shows the existence of problem concerning to immunization. The efficacy itself, depends on the quality of vaccines given. Insufficiency in cold chain may lower the quality of DPT vaccines. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between DPT vaccine storage and recording for DPT vaccines cold chain with quality of DPT vaccine cold chain in puskesmas Sidoarjo Regency. This research is a descriptive research with cross sectional design. Sample used were total population, which includes all 26 puskesmas within Sidoarjo. The variables were DPT vaccine storage, recording for DPT vaccines cold chain and quality of DPT vaccine cold chain. The result of this study showed that DPT vaccine storage was good (58%), recording for DPT vaccines cold chain were insufficient (77%), and quality of DPT vaccine cold chain in puskesmas was also good (62%). Spearman correlation test showed relationship between DPT vaccine storage and quality of DPT vaccine cold chain in Puskesmas was strong and positive (r = 0,561). Relationship between recording for DPT vaccines cold chain and quality of DPT vaccine cold chain in puskesmas was moderate and positive (r = 0,421). the better the storage for DPT vaccines and recording for DPT vaccines cold chain in puskesmas, the better its cold chain quality in puskesmas. Improvement in officers’ obedience in storing DPT vaccine and its recording concerning to the cold chain which appropriate according to procedures, were really needed.Keywords: storage, recording, quality, cold chain, DPT vaccine
Pattern of Clinical Medication Seeking for Import Malaria by Migrant Workers
Authors: Mahmudi Muhammad , Yudhastuti Ririh
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTNumber of malaria cases in Kabupaten Trenggalek in 2014 is 89 cases, and 83 cases are import malaria from migrant workers. Import malaria is transmitted across two areas and affects the clinical medication seeking. This research wants to describe the pattern of clinical medication seeking for import malaria by migrant workers in Puskesmas Pandean working area. This was cross sectional study with descriptive quantitative approach. Research’s sample is 26 import malaria sufferers in 2013–2015 who has chosen purposively with inclusion criteria. Interview had used to get information about characteristics, place felt the symptom, first clinical medication seeking (place and time), clinical diagnosis, medication follow up, and recovery status. The result of the research shows 100% respondent is man and the age about 20-30 years old (53,8) who is working as agricultural laborers outside Java. Mostly of respondent feel the malaria symptoms in their working place (53,8%). The day seeks clinical medication at day three after symptom (34, 6%). Respondents that feel the symptom in Puskesmas Pandean working area chose Puskesmas as clinical medication place (42,3%), and hospital (19,2%) for them whose experience the malaria symptom in their working area. Puskesmas is chosen as clinical diagnosis place (69%) and only 11,5% respondent got medication follow up. Puskesmas is chosen as intermediate clinical medication place (60%) for 19,2% respondent that is not recovered well, although 20% go to Dukun. All of respondent chose the clinical medication as their prime medication. Need to make medication follow up visitation well complete.Keyword: pattern, clinical medication, import malaria, migrant worker
STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths Principles Teachers Pack V10
Authors: Humphris Clive W.
Published: February 2017

STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths Principles Teachers Pack V10 eBook covers all the topics of this popular software title used in schools and colleges worldwide for over twenty years and now also available as a Tablet and Smartphone App.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 250+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook pages, except you can edit the inputs to update the graphics and calculations to reflect those changes.

The teacher packs also include an unlimited user network site licence for your school with even more interactive features including making your own student hand-outs, large screen viewing for whole class teaching and much more. Both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

A combined eBook, App and Unlimited User PC Network Site Licence educational package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.
Learn Accounting, Maths and Computing for Business Studies on your Smartphone
Authors: Humphris Clive W.
Published: February 2017

Learn Accounting, Maths and Computing for Business Studies on your Smartphone eBook covers all the topics of this popular software title used in schools and colleges worldwide for over twenty years and now available as PC, Tablet and Smartphone Apps.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 250+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook pages, except you can edit the inputs to update the graphics and calculations to reflect those changes.

There is also a comprehensive PC version to download with even more features both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

Education Bundle: eBook + PC software + App at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.
Learn Electrical on your Smartphone
Authors: Humphris Clive W.
Published: February 2017

Learn Electrical on your Smartphone eBook covers all the topics of this popular software title used in schools and colleges worldwide for over twenty years and now available as PC, Tablet and Smartphone Apps.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 250+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook pages, except you can edit the inputs to update the graphics and calculations to reflect those changes.

There is also a comprehensive PC version to download with even more features both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

Education Bundle: eBook + PC software + App at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.