bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of microfluidic chip for entrapping tobacco BY-2 cells
Authors: Shimizu Kazunori , Kawakatsu Yaichi , Kurotani Ken-ichi , Kikkawa Masahiro , Tabata Ryo , Kurihara Daisuke , Honda Hiroyuki , Notaguchi Michitaka
Published: April 2022

The tobacco BY-2 cell line has been used widely as a model system in plant cell biology. BY-2 cells are nearly transparent, which facilitates cell imaging using fluorescent markers. As cultured cells are drifted in the medium, therefore, it was difficult to observe them for a long period. Hence, we developed a microfluidic device that traps BY-2 cells and fixes their positions to allow monitoring the physiological activity of cells. The device contains 112 trap zones, with parallel slots connected in series at three levels in the flow channel. BY-2 cells were cultured for 7 days and filtered using a sieve and a cell strainer before use to isolate short cell filaments consisting of only a few cells. The isolated cells were introduced into the flow channel, resulting in entrapment of cell filaments at 25 out of 112 trap zones (22.3%). The cell numbers increased through cell division from 1 to 4 days after trapping with a peak of mitotic index on day 2. Recovery experiments of fluorescent proteins after photobleaching confirmed cell survival and permeability of plasmodesmata. Thus, this microfluidic device and one-dimensional plant cell samples allowed us to observe cell activity in real time under controllable conditions.
Association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Shuo , He Wei , Zhao Lu , Mi Yaochuan
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to compare the efficacies of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes using network meta-analysis.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for studies published up to September 28, 2020. Randomized clinical trials enrolling participants with type 2 diabetes were included, for which SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors were compared with either each other, or placebo or no treatment. A network meta-analysis using a Bayesian approach was performed. The primary outcome was composite renal events, and the secondary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) events. All research was conducted according to a protocol registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020208090).

Results

In total, we retrieved 17 445 studies, of which 98 articles enrolling 186 335 participants were included for the network meta-analysis. For our primary outcome, the network meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between drug classes regardless of baseline factors. However, GLP-1 receptor agonists were most likely ranked best among the three drugs in reducing composite renal events (80%, moderate-quality evidence). Compared with the control groups (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87, low-quality evidence), GLP-1 receptor agonists (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96, moderate-quality evidence) and with DPP-4 inhibitors (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86, low-quality evidence), SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of AKI events.

Conclusions

In this network meta-analysis, although none of the three new antidiabetic drug classes reduced the composite renal events in participants with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists may be more effective. The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors was associated with a lower AKI event risk than DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, placebo, or no treatment.
Quantitative analysis of morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion
Authors: Yang Min Kyu , Sa Ho-Seok , Kim Namju , Jeon Hyun Sun , Hyon Joon Young , Choung Hokyung , Khwarg Sang In
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To quantitatively analyze morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion and their changes after surgery.

Methods

Sixty eyes of 52 patients with marginal entropion and underwent meibography and interferometer were included. One-hundred and seventeen age- and sex-matched eyes with minimal to mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were recruited as control eyes. Meibomian gland loss (MGL) and lipid layer thickness (LLT) were compared between eyes with marginal entropion and control eyes. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the extent of entropion. MGL and average LLT at 1 and 5 months after surgery were compared with those of 20 eyes with marginal entropion followed without surgery.

Results

In eyes with marginal entropion, MGL was higher (27.7% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.014), and average LLT was thinner (64 nm vs. 86 nm, P = 0.005) than those in control eyes. MGL was higher in eyes with more extensive entropion (> 2/3 eyelid width) than in eyes with less extensive entropion (≤ 1/3 eyelid width) (40.5% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.001). Average LLT increased after surgery (97 nm at 1 month, P = 0.003; 75 nm at 5 months, P = 0.319), and thicker than that of eyes followed without surgery (97 nm vs. 66 nm, P = 0.046). MGLs after surgery remained unchanged from the preoperative MGL (all P > 0.7).

Conclusion

Marginal entropion is associated with morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands. Functional improvement after entropion repair suggests that marginal entropion could cause or exacerbate MGD. Further studies are required to establish the role of entropion repair in managing MGD.
Classification of Pneumonia Risk Factor Characteristics in Toddlers Using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Case Study Regional General Hospital dr. Tengku Mansur Tanjungbalai
Authors: Mangunsong Elvira Yolanda , Huda Prasetya Nurul , Rakhmawati Fibri
Published: April 2022

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that this disease causes 16% of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Pneumonia is included in the top 10 diseases that suffer the most every month at the RSUD dr.Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai, throughout 2019 there were 73 children under five years with pneumonia and 5 of them were declared dead without   hospitalization. This study is useful to find out the results of the classification accuracy of the classification and regression trees (CART) for risk factors for pneumonia in children under five years. CART classification is done by dividing the total data of under-five patients with the ratio of 15% testing data and 85% learning data. The classification accuracy obtained for the prediction data was 50% with the percentage of sensitivity and specificity of 94,12% and 14,29% respectively.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Android Menggunakan Augmented Reality Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung
Authors: FAHMI SYARIFUL , Noviani Dewi Astrida
Published: April 2022

This study aims to develop an android-based mathematics learning media using augmented reality on curved side space, and to find out the feasibility of android-based mathematics learning media using augmented reality on curved side space material. This research is a development research that uses the ADDIE development model. The subjects in this study were students of SMP IT Bustanul 'Ulum class IX, material experts, and media experts. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the feasibility of learning media from material experts are obtained by a percentage of 96.88% which is included in the very feasible criteria, from the media experts a percentage of 91.67% is obtained which is included in the very feasible criteria, from the student responses the percentage is obtained of 84.67% which is included in the very feasible criteria, and from the combined feasibility calculation, a percentage of 91.07% is obtained which is included in the very feasible criteria. Based on the results of the assessment, the android-based mathematics learning media using augmented reality on the curved side space material is declared very feasible to be used as a learning medium in the learning process.
Chegamos ao fim do primeiro ano de nossa gestão
Authors: Araújo Marcelo Marotta
Published: April 2022

Caros membros, chegamos ao fim do nosso primeiro ano desta gestão! A Diretoria não mediu esforços para colocar em prática novos benefícios. Foram implementados os cursos de Educação Continuada on-line, que são realizados mensalmente e gratuitos aos membros! A programação científica foi elaborada pelo Diretor Científico e pela Comissão de Educação Continuada, de forma que o membro possa usufruir de uma reciclagem nos temas mais importantes da nossa especialidade. Cada mês, esse evento é organizado por um Coordenador de Capítulo, prestigiando palestrantes de todo o país e com a participação de palestrantes internacionais!
Uma entrevista com Diogo Santos
Authors: Santos Diogo , Ribeiro Jonathan
Published: April 2022

»Formado em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), especialista em Direito à Saúde Suplementar, sócio-diretor do escritório Diogo Santos & Advogados.
»Responsável pela criação da ouvidoria do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial.
Implicações do uso de antidepressivos nas disfunções temporomandibulares: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Cassol Juan , Marola Luiz Henrique Godoi , Gil Luiz Fernando
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Existe uma estreita relação entre a depressão e as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM); e, como os antidepressivos são rotineiramente prescritos para tratar a primeira, o efeito dessas drogas na DTM é de interesse. Objetivo: A presente revisão integrativa da literatura objetiva compilar evidências acerca do uso de antidepressivos e suas possíveis implicações na terapêutica da DTM. Métodos: Um levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nos portais SciELO e PubMed com os descritores Antidepressant OR Antidepressive Agents AND Temporomandibular Joint Disorder. As informações foram recolhidas e analisadas em acordo com a relevância do tema. Resultados: Os resultados disponíveis até o momento apontaram que os inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina (ISRS), além de ineficazes quando utilizados para tratar DTM, parecem agravar a parafunção. Os antidepressivos tricíclicos (TCAs) apesar de baixa evidência correlacional, podem prover alívio da dor a partir de baixas doses, sem agravamento da DTM. Conclusões: São necessários estudos de maior evidência científica para afirmar a correlação entre as classes de antidepressivos e seus efeitos sobre as DTMs. Entretanto, há dados suficientes para sugerir a descontinuidade dos ISRS nos pacientes com parafunção, substituindo-os por outras classes.
Infiltrações utilizadas em artroscopia da articulação temporomandibular: relato de caso
Authors: Sato Fábio Ricardo Loureiro , Araujo Marcelo Marotta
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Com o avanço das técnicas operatórias da artroscopia da articulação temporomandibular (ATM), diversas alterações patológicas intra-articulares que antes só eram possíveis de serem tratadas por meio da cirurgia aberta hoje já podem ser resolvidas por meio de tratamentos minimamente invasivos. Entre as técnicas utilizadas em artroscopia operatória, estão as infiltrações. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer uma revisão da literatura das técnicas e substâncias utilizadas para infiltrações em artroscopia da ATM, bem como apresentar um relato de caso. Métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão de literatura nas principais bases de pesquisa (Medline, Lilacs e Scielo) e a apresentação de um caso clínico. Resultados: as principais indicações de infiltrações utilizadas na ATM foram o ácido hialurônico, corticosteroides, esclerosantes, toxina botulínica e fatores de crescimento. Conclusão: diversas são as possibilidades de infiltrações intra-articulares na ATM, com excelentes resultados clínicos.
Foreword
Authors: Snow Pamela
Published: April 2022

In the third decade of the 21st century, it is difficult to think of an
aspect of children’s education in industrialised, first-world nations that
is more important, yet sadly, more contested, than reading instruction.
Ironically, reading and how to teach it, is also one of the most widely
researched aspects of child development. A number of branches of psychology,
such as cognitive, experimental, educational, and developmental
neuropsychology have devoted hundreds of thousands of hours to outputs in
academic journals and research theses, conference presentations, blogs,
social media posts, and private and public debates. The publication of three
national inquiries (the US in 2000, Australia in 2005, and England in 2006)
heralded something of a false dawn in putting the major debates to rest,
unanimously highlighting the importance of an early focus on explicitly and
systematically teaching children (as readers and writers) how the English
writing system works, alongside supporting their development in phonemic
awareness, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.
Allambie Heights Public School, Sydney, Australia
Authors: Helsloot Angela
Published: April 2022

Allambie Heights Public School is located on the Northern Beaches of
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is a Kindergarten to Year 6 school
for students aged five to twelve years. The school is “committed to the
pursuit of high academic achievement in a safe, secure, and caring learning
environment. The programs offered are diverse, and challenge and inspire our
students. Students, parents and staff work in partnership to create a
vibrant learning community. Literacy, numeracy and technology are emphasized
within learning programs”. The school motto, ‘Ever Aim High’, “underpins the
school’s strong belief that each child needs to be recognized for their own
achievements, celebrating success [both at] a school and personal level”. As
a Positive Behavior for Learning school, the school values of respect,
responsibility, and resilience are key to the success of our school
community. We currently have 514 students and 51 staff in our school. Four
students identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 14% of
students come from a language background other than English. The school is
in a high socio-economic area with a Family Occupation and Education Index
(FOEI) of 17. The school Index of Community and Socio-Educational Advantage
is 1,112.
Johnson STEAM Academy Magnet School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
Authors: Eichhorn Katie , Gilbert Kathy Millian , Hall Myra , Lawyer Gretchen , Nunez Jill
Published: April 2022

Johnson Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM)
Academy Magnet School (JSA) is a Magnet Schools of America Certified with
Distinction Demonstration School located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in the USA.
Embedding STEAM themes across content areas creates an engaging and
innovative learning experience for JSA students that positively impacts
their future and ignites their passion for learning. As of June 2021, 379
students are enrolled in grades Kindergarten (five years of age) through
Grade 5 (ten years of age). The school population is 42% white and 58%
non-white, with subgroups of 39% African American, 12% Mixed Race, and 7%
Hispanic/Latino. It does not house a program for English language learners,
who are served by other schools in the District. JSA has a 20% homelessness
rate and a transiency rate of 25%. Prior to the global pandemic, 77% of JSA
students were eligible for Free and Reduced Lunch. However, through the US
Government Community Eligibility Program, the entire school population
currently receives free breakfast and lunch at school. The school building
and grounds occupy one city block in an older, residential neighborhood
known as Wellington Heights. Most students walk or get rides to and from
school. Ten percent of the students enroll as lottery students (they apply
and are randomly selected) and come from other areas around the city, and
bus transportation is provided. In the last five years, schoolwide reading
scores have fluctuated between 44% and 55% of students scoring proficient
(at grade level) on state accountability measures. The building that houses
JSA has been a neighborhood school for over a century. American poet and
novelist Paul Engle grew up in the area and the Paul Engle Association for
Community Arts exists today to further his passion for the arts. JSA has an
extensive extracurricular after school program as well as before and after
school care, and JSA families see the school as a vital stakeholder in their
community.
Speech-language therapist, Munich, Germany: one-to-one
intervention
Authors: Hornberger Shelley
Published: April 2022

As an Australian trained speech-language pathologist, I have worked in
public settings in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom before starting
an independent speech-language therapy practice in Munich, Germany in 2019.
In my current role, I support English-speaking students aged three to
eighteen with speech, language, and literacy disorders, most of whom attend
private English-medium international schools in Munich. The majority of my
caseload are simultaneous bilinguals, with English being their primary
language in education. Many students have had a varied educational
background, often having attended public and/or international schools in
other countries before arriving in Munich, meaning they each present a
unique history of prior language and literacy programmes and
support.
St George's Church of England Primary School, London, England
Authors: Hammond Alexandra
Published: April 2022

I work as a teacher for St George’s Church of England Primary School, a
one-form state primary school in Battersea, London, where I have taught in
Key Stage 1 (KS1) and used Sounds-Write since 2017. I am the KS1 leader and
the phonics lead at the school. With a total of 222 students in 2020/2021,
St George’s Primary School had 51.8% of students whose first language is not
English (versus an average of 20.9% across English mainstream primary
schools), 47.7% of students eligible for free school meals (versus 23.5%
across English mainstream primary schools), and 20.7% of children on the
Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) register – 10.8% of whom
had an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) (versus 12.6% of students with
SEND support across mainstream primary schools and 2% with EHCPs). St
George’s Primary School was rated as Good by OFSTED (2019) and the report
deemed that “adults ensure that pupils secure their phonics knowledge early
on. For example, the highly effective teaching of phonics is enabling pupils
in Year 1 to identify the six spelling choices for the sound ‘o’. Pupils use
this information to support the very strong spelling seen in their literacy
work”.
Teorie církve
Authors: Bochez Jiří
Published: April 2022

Theory of Church The article aims to introduce a theory of church as it has evolved in the past two decades mainly in German speaking countries and thus to enable a deeper reflection of contemporary issues discussed in the Czech churches. They are becoming more and more independent of the Czech state and are facing the necessity of rediscover-ing their identities and missions as well as are forced to rationalize their resources in order to survive. Theory of church is a contemporary scientific discipline that tries to incorpo-rate insights of sociology and economy into the field of practical theology and to reinforce the cooperation between the church leadership on the one side and the academic research on the other.
Z uważnością i troską: feministyczne studia nad roślinami
Authors: Zamorska Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie współczesnych praktyk teoretycznych, które służą ponownemu zawiązaniu „kontraktu z roślinami”, oraz wskazanie tych wątków w obrębie intensywnie rozwijających się w dwóch ostatnich dekadach krytycznych studiów nad roślinami, których genealogii należy szukać w paradygmacie studiów feministycznych. W tym podejściu namysłowi krytycznemu ujawniającemu semiotyczne i materialne formy opresji w stosunku do roślin towarzyszą próby wypracowania praktyk reparacyjnych. Autorka śledzi historyczne formy deprecjonowania istot roślinnych, zarówno w polu teorii i filozofii, jak i w praktykach politycznych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Kluczowe dla jej rozstrzygnięć są: zdefiniowanie specyficznej „podmiotowości” roślinnej, uznanie materialnej sprawczości roślin, włączenie do rozważań biopolitycznych zasady wegetalnej, a także rozważenie intersekcjonalnych uwikłań roślin w kontekście botaniki kolonialnej i polityki nasiennej. Autorka wskazuje, że w każdym z omawianych przypadków specyfika feministycznych studiów nad roślinami opiera się na rozpoznaniu ontologicznego i politycznego statusu rośliny, czego konsekwencją są uważność i troska, dbałość o widzialność i dobrostan konkretnych, materialnych i ucieleśnionych istot roślinnych będących dalekimi krewnymi gatunku ludzkiego.
In between: on the defensive reactivity of public institutions in Poland to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Drozdowski Rafał , Krajewski Marek , Luczys Piotr , Kubacka Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses a research project that attempted to examine selected public institutions' response strategies to a pandemic. The most important research question of the project was the relationship between the pandemic and innovativeness of the sector of public institutions (understood as the desire to introduce new ways of operating, new inter-institutional links, new patterns of relations with stakeholders, etc., resulting from the knowledge provided to individual institutions by functioning under the conditions of the pandemic). During qualitative research we found that the researched institutions' predominant reaction to the challenges of the pandemic was not an orientation towards innovation but a striving to maintain a mode of functioning that is as similar as possible to that from before the pandemic. The innovations made (transition to remote working, simplification of some administrative procedures) resulted from external pressure to a greater extent and internal reflexivity to a lesser extent. The narratives captured in the study about the everyday life of public institutions during the pandemic have three common elements. First, they all focus less on large and spectacular innovations and more on micro-innovations (not treated as innovation, but understood as dozens of micro-improvements, minimal adjustments to existing routines). Second, they all miniaturize the experience of the pandemic, regarding it as events so extreme as to be useless for designing a better institutional order. Thirdly, all the reconstructed narratives are situated in an institutional zone of in-between, which means that they perceive themselves as a transparent medium fluctuating between the state and society and as a subject without influence on the shape of its own functioning. On the one hand, this would depend on the level of civic culture and, on the other hand, on the policy created at the highest levels of the state.
Cardinality estimation in DBMS
Authors: Han Yuxing , Wu Ziniu , Wu Peizhi , Zhu Rong , Yang Jingyi , Tan Liang Wei , Zeng Kai , Cong Gao , Qin Yanzhao , Pfadler Andreas , Qian Zhengping , Zhou Jingren , Li Jiangneng , Cui Bin
Published: April 2022

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) plays a significant role in generating high-quality query plans for a query optimizer in DBMS. In the last decade, an increasing number of advanced CardEst methods (especially ML-based) have been proposed with outstanding estimation accuracy and inference latency. However, there exists no study that systematically evaluates the quality of these methods and answer the fundamental problem:
to what extent can these methods improve the performance of query optimizer in real-world settings, which is the ultimate goal of a CardEst method.

In this paper, we comprehensively and systematically compare the effectiveness of CardEst methods in a real DBMS. We establish a new benchmark for CardEst, which contains a new complex real-world dataset STATS and a diverse query workload STATS-CEB. We integrate multiple most representative CardEst methods into an open-source DBMS PostgreSQL, and comprehensively evaluate their true effectiveness in improving query plan quality, and other important aspects affecting their applicability. We obtain a number of key findings under different data and query settings. Furthermore, we find that the widely used estimation accuracy metric (Q-Error) cannot distinguish the importance of different sub-plan queries during query optimization and thus cannot truly reflect the generated query plan quality. Therefore, we propose a new metric P-Error to evaluate the performance of CardEst methods, which overcomes the limitation of Q-Error and is able to reflect the overall end-to-end performance of CardEst methods. It could serve as a better optimization objective for future CardEst methods.
Redy
Authors: Zhang Qizhen , Bernstein Philip A. , Berger Daniel S. , Chandramouli Badrish
Published: April 2022

Redy is a cloud service that provides high performance caches using RDMA-accessible remote memory. An application can customize the performance of each cache with a service level objective (SLO) for latency and throughput. By using remote memory, it can leverage stranded memory and spot VM instances to reduce the cost of its caches and improve data center resource utilization. Redy automatically customizes the resource configuration for the given SLO, handles the dynamics of remote memory regions, and recovers from failures. The experimental evaluation shows that Redy can deliver its promised performance and robustness under remote memory dynamics in the cloud. We augment a production key-value store, FASTER, with a Redy cache. When the working set exceeds local memory, using Redy is significantly faster than spilling to SSDs.
Fast neural ranking on bipartite graph indices
Authors: Tan Shulong , Zhao Weijie , Li Ping
Published: April 2022

Neural network based ranking has been widely adopted owing to its powerful capacity in modeling complex relationships (e.g., users and items, questions and answers). Online neural network ranking, i.e., the so called
fast neural ranking,
is considered a challenging task because neural network measures are in general non-convex and asymmetric. Traditional approximate near neighbor (ANN) search which typically focuses on metric ranking measures, is not applicable to these complex measures. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose to construct
BipartitE Graph INdices (BEGIN)
for fast neural ranking. BEGIN contains two types of nodes: base/searching objects and sampled queries. The edges connecting these types of nodes are constructed via the neural network ranking measure. The proposed algorithm is a natural extension from traditional search on graph methods and is more suitable for fast neural ranking. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
SWS
Authors: Chan Tsz Nam , Ip Pak Lon , U Leong Hou , Choi Byron , Xu Jianliang
Published: April 2022

Spatial-temporal kernel density visualization (STKDV) has been extensively used in a wide range of applications, e.g., disease outbreak analysis, traffic accident hotspot detection, and crime hotspot detection. While STKDV can provide accurate and comprehensive data visualization, computing STKDV is time-consuming, which is not scalable to large-scale datasets. To address this issue, we develop a new sliding-window-based solution (SWS), which theoretically reduces the time complexity for generating STKDV, without increasing the space complexity. Moreover, we incorporate SWS with the progressive visualization framework, which can continuously output partial visualization results to users (from coarse to fine), until users satisfy the visualization. Our experimental studies on five large-scale datasets show that SWS achieves 1.71x to 24x speedup compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Projected federated averaging with heterogeneous differential privacy
Authors: Liu Junxu , Lou Jian , Xiong Li , Liu Jinfei , Meng Xiaofeng
Published: April 2022

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for multiple clients to learn a joint model without directly sharing the data. In addition to high utility of the joint model, rigorous privacy protection of the data and communication efficiency are important design goals. Many existing efforts achieve rigorous privacy by ensuring differential privacy for intermediate model parameters, however, they assume a uniform privacy parameter for all the clients. In practice, different clients may have different privacy requirements due to varying policies or preferences.

In this paper, we focus on explicitly modeling and leveraging the heterogeneous privacy requirements of different clients and study how to optimize utility for the joint model while minimizing communication cost. As differentially private perturbations affect the model utility, a natural idea is to make better use of information submitted by the clients with higher privacy budgets (referred to as "public" clients, and the opposite as "private" clients). The challenge is how to use such information without biasing the joint model. We propose
P
rojected
F
ederated
A
veraging (PFA), which extracts the top singular subspace of the model updates submitted by "public" clients and utilizes them to project the model updates of "private" clients before aggregating them. We then propose communication-efficient PFA+, which allows "private" clients to upload projected model updates instead of original ones. Our experiments verify the utility boost of both algorithms compared to the baseline methods, whereby PFA+ achieves over 99% uplink communication reduction for "private" clients.
LANNS
Authors: Doshi Ishita , Das Dhritiman , Bhutani Ashish , Kumar Rajeev , Bhatt Rushi , Balasubramanian Niranjan
Published: April 2022

Nearest neighbor search (NNS) has a wide range of applications in information retrieval, computer vision, machine learning, databases, and other areas. Existing state-of-the-art algorithm for nearest neighbor search, Hierarchical Navigable Small World Networks (HNSW), is unable to scale to large datasets of 100M records in high dimensions. In this paper, we propose LANNS, an end-to-end platform for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search, which scales for web-scale datasets. Library for Large Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (LANNS) is deployed in multiple production systems for identifying top-K (100 ≤ k ≤ 200) approximate nearest neighbors with a latency of a few milliseconds per query, high throughput of ~2.5k Queries Per Second (QPS) on a single node, on large (e.g., ~ 180M data points) high dimensional (50-2048 dimensional) datasets.
Chukonu
Authors: Yu Bowen , Feng Guanyu , Cao Huanqi , Li Xiaohan , Sun Zhenbo , Wang Haojie , Zhu Xiaowei , Zheng Weimin , Chen Wenguang
Published: April 2022

Apache Spark is a widely deployed big data analytics framework that offers such attractive features as resiliency, load-balancing, and a rich ecosystem. However, there is still plenty of room for improvement in its performance. Although a data-parallel system in a native programming language significantly improves performance, it may require re-implementing many functionalities of Spark to become a full-featured system. It is desirable for native big data systems to just write a compute engine in native languages to ensure high efficiency, and reuse other mature features provided by Spark rather than re-implement everything. But the interaction between the JVM and the native world risks becoming a bottleneck.

This paper proposes Chukonu, a native big data framework that re-uses critical big data features provided by Spark. Owing to our novel DAG-splitting approach, the potential Spark integration overhead is alleviated, and its even outperforms existing pure native big data frameworks. Chukonu splits DAG programs into run-time parts and compile-time parts: The run-time parts are delegated to Spark to offload the complexities due to feature implementations. The compile-time parts are natively compiled. We propose a series of optimization techniques to be applied to the compile-time parts, such as operator fusion, vectorization, and compaction, to significantly reduce the Spark integration overhead. The results of evaluation show that Chukonu has a speedup of up to 71.58X (geometric mean 6.09X) over Apache Spark, and up to 7.20X (geometric mean 2.30X) over pure-native frameworks on six commonly-used big data applications. By translating the physical plan produced by SparkSQL into Chukonu programs, Chukonu accelerates Spark-SQL's TPC-DS performance by 2.29X.
DQDF
Authors: Sinthong Phanwadee , Patel Dhaval , Zhou Nianjun , Shrivastava Shrey , Iyengar Arun , Bhamidipaty Anuradha
Published: April 2022

Data quality assessment is an essential process of any data analysis process including machine learning. The process is time-consuming as it involves multiple independent data quality checks that are performed iteratively at scale on evolving data resulting from exploratory data analysis (EDA). Existing solutions that provide computational optimizations for data quality assessment often separate the data structure from its data quality which then requires efforts from users to explicitly maintain state-like information. They demand a certain level of distributed system knowledge to ensure high-level pipeline optimizations from data analysts who should instead be focusing on analyzing the data. We, therefore, propose data-quality-aware dataframes, a data quality management system embedded as part of a data analyst's familiar data structure, such as a Python dataframe. The framework automatically detects changes in datasets' metadata and exploits the context of each of the quality checks to provide efficient data quality assessment on ever-changing data. We demonstrate in our experiment that our approach can reduce the overall data quality evaluation runtime by 40-80% in both local and distributed setups with less than 10% increase in memory usage.
Hidden HERstory—Helen Stevens
Authors: Wells Marina
Published: April 2022

Helen Stevens, Boston University B.A. Class of 1905, was a chemist and educator who taught at Boston University for over four decades. She offered stern guidance to students and helped shape the department as it came into being in the early twentieth century.
Design of a new synthetic nanocatalyst resulting high fuel quality based on multiple supports: experimental investigation and modeling
Authors: Jarullah Aysar T. , Ahmed Mustafa A. , Al-Tabbakh Ban A. , Mujtaba Iqbal M.
Published: April 2022

In order to meet the environmental legislations related to sulfur content, it is important to find an alternative techniques for deep removal of sulfur components from fuels. So, in this study, a novel nano-catalyst based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) as active component prepared over composite support (γ-Alumina + HY-zeolite) is developed here for efficient removal of sulfur compounds from fuel via oxidation process. The precipitation method is employed first to prepare the composite support and then the impregnation method is utilized to generate a novel synthetic homemade (Fe2O3/composite support) nanocatalysts that has not been developed in the literature (iron oxide over composite support). The characterizations of the prepared catalysts display that the surface area of the catalyst increases with increasing the amount of Y-zeolite in composite support. The effectiveness of the catalysts is tested by utilizing oxidative desulfurization (ODS) operation under several operating conditions. The results of the experimental work show that the activity of oxidative desulfurization enhances with increasing Y-zeolite, temperature, and batch time under moderate operating conditions. The oxidative desulfurization efficiency followed the order: CAT-1 < CAT-2 < CAT-3. The CAT-3 performed the high removal of sulfur compounds (90.73%) at 100 min and 423 K. The best values of the kinetic parameters of the ODS process are then determined based on experimental data and model based techniques within gPROMS package. Finally, the reactor model is used to determine the optimal operating conditions while maximizing the removal of sulfur compounds leading to cleaner fuel. Where, 99.3% of the sulfur removal has achieved at batch time of 190.6 min, temperature of 543.56 K and initial sulfur content at 0.8668 wt% in the presence of CAT-3 based on the optimal kinetic parameters (order of reaction (n) of 1.9865719, activation energy (EA) at 29.942 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor (k
0) with 622.926 wt−0.9865719 min−1).
Numerical study on thermal-hydraulic characteristics of flattened microfin tubes
Authors: Singh Ankit Rajkumar , Solanki Anand Kumar
Published: April 2022

The thermal-hydraulic characteristics and performance of the circular and flattened straight tubes with longitudinal inward microfins are studied with isothermal wall condition and Reynold numbers (Re) between 10,000 and 30,000. The geometric models with fins (8, 12, and 16 fins) and three flattening ratios (1.4, 2, and 3.4) are considered for the simulation. The results indicate that the longitudinal microfins have a limited effect on the improvement of heat transfer, but the application of microfins increases the pressure drop significantly. Furthermore, an increase in Reynolds number increases the heat transfer characteristics. Therefore, a discriminative use of longitudinal microfins for circular tubes to improve thermal performance is advised. Flattening the microfin tubes has shown a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient and friction factor compared to circular cross-section tubes with microfins. The percentage gain in heat transfer with the flattening ratio of 3.4 is about 52% compared to the circular fin tube at Re = 30,000. A 61% increase in centreline velocity is observed at Re = 10,000. Area-based Enhancement Factor (AEF) and performance evolution factor (PEF) are more than 1 for flattened tubes with microfins. It shows an improvement in the overall thermal-hydraulic characteristics of tubes.
Design and performance analysis of a compact, wideband dual polarized antenna for WLAN & WiMAX applications
Authors: Mandal Santimoy , De Arnab , Ghosh Chandan Kumar
Published: April 2022

Dual polarization is achieved by putting a rectangular or circular patch in between two orthogonal gaps. At the beginning a single-polarized patch is considered. Then by using anequivalent circuit, the impedance matching property of the gap is being configured. After optimization of the length of the patch and width of the gap, a dual polarized antenna is being considered. Here in this article we projected a new technique to design dual polarized microstrip antenna for WLAN, WiMAX, wireless applications using circular patch. By combining all resonant modes we have finally achieved a wide operating bandwidth. Experimental result of the projected antenna shows the operating bandwidth of 21.56% (5.24–6.37 GHz) for (differential mode S-parameter) S
dd11 ≤ −10 dB with a high port isolation of 40 dB and a relative gain of 13.5 dBi is achieved. From the result analysis this antenna finds its applications for various WLAN and Wi-MAX frequency band.
The biological activity and application of Monascus pigments: a mini review
Authors: Feng Shan-Shan , Li Wen , Hu Yong-Jun , Feng Jian-Xiang , Deng Jing
Published: April 2022

Monascus pigments (MPs), as secondary metabolites of Monascus, are microbial pigments which have been used for thousands of years. MPs are widely used in food industry as food pigments and preservatives, which have the stability of light resistance, high temperature resistance and acid-base change resistance. In addition, the antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor biological activities of MPs have also attracted people’s attention. Moreover, Due to the presence of citrinin, the safety of MPs still needs to be discussed and explored. In this paper, the production, biological activity, application in various fields and methods of detection and reduction of citrinin of MPs were reviewed, which provide new insights into the study and safe application related to human different diseases, medicines or health care products with MPs as active substances.
WEYand the structure of relative clauses in Nigerian Pidgin English
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa
Published: April 2022

A comprehensive corpus-driven account of the internal structure, meaning and interpretation of relative clauses in Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) is missing in the literature. Relativisation, including its process, strategies, constraints, structural patterning, meaning and interpretation, is an important syntactic structure in any language, and therefore is crucial to our understanding of the extent to which syntactic and semantic structures in NPE differ from standard varieties of English. Relying on corpus material extracted from a popular web media outlet BBC News Pidgin, the study shows that user/speakers of NPE are cognitively enabled and creative in varying relative clauses along simple and complex choices and that structural and semantic complexities operative in the relativisation process in NPE are not too different from standard Englishes. Unlike in standard English where relativiserswhoandwhichclearly relate to the animacy of the relativised NP, relativiser representingwey, which can be classified as a prototype for relativisersweh,wen, andwia, does not clearly make such distinction. Also, it is shown thatweyembodies the syntactic and semantic properties of these other relativisers, a phenomenon classified asrelativiser reduction.
Procedure of functional transposition analysis in the English language
Authors: Kovbasko Yurii
Published: April 2022

The paper presents an attempt to develop a procedure of researching functional transposition in English. Functional transposition is interpreted as a diachronicsynchronic functional process and its outcome, which presupposes the ability of lexical units, by means of grammaticalization and lexicalization and without application of any morphological and/or syntactical markers, to acquire and realize functions inherent to other word classes. The procedure consists of four major stages which cover the entire process of transposition of each lexical unit from its origin and up to the current use. The main methods include: definition and componential analyses, historical analysis of origin, diachronic corpus analysis, and synchronic corpus analysis. In the present paper, the procedure is verified with a case study of the lexical unit ‘IN’. It has been established that in the case of ‘IN’, functional transposition started from the category of prepositions. The tendency of its development shows that after a gradual decrease and stabilization, observed in Early and Late Modern English, respectively, functional transposition of ‘IN’ has undergone a dramatic increase in Present-Day English. It is explained by formation of new sociocultural situations and institutionalization of numerous patterns of functionally transposed ‘IN’ in the language.
A bidirectional study of the association between insomnia, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and comorbid low back pain and lower limb pain
Authors: Ho Kevin K. N. , Skarpsno Eivind S. , Nilsen Kristian B. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Pinheiro Marina B. , Hopstock Laila A. , Johnsen Marianne Bakke , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf A. , Nielsen Christopher S. , Stubhaug Audun , Simic Milena
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To examine the possible bidirectional association between insomnia and comorbid chronic low back pain (LBP) and lower limb pain and to explore whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) amplifies these associations.

Methods

We calculated adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the development of insomnia and mild-to-severe chronic LBP and lower limb pain at 11 years follow-up in participants aged ≥32 years and with hsCRP ≤10 mg/L at baseline in 2007–2008: 3,714 without chronic LBP or lower limb pain (sample 1) and 7,892 without insomnia (sample 2).

Results

Compared to participants without chronic pain, participants with comorbid chronic LBP and lower limb pain had a RR of insomnia of 1.37 (95% CI 1.12–1.66). Compared with participants without insomnia, participants with insomnia did not have an increased risk of comorbid chronic LBP and lower limb pain (RR: 1.06, 95% CI 0.76–1.46); however, participants with insomnia had a RR of chronic LBP of 1.20 (95% CI 1.02–1.42). There was no strong amplifying effect of elevated hsCRP (3.00–10.0 mg/L) on these associations.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that elevated hsCRP does not amplify the associations between insomnia and mild-to-severe chronic LBP and lower limb pain. Further research using data on the temporal relation between insomnia, chronic pain, and inflammatory responses are required to fully understand the causal pathways.
Quantifizierung von Redundanz in Sensornetzwerken und die Beziehung zur Messunsicherheit
Authors: Kok Gertjan
Published: April 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept der Redundanz aus metrologischer Sicht betrachtet. Anstatt die Anzahl der Messungen und der Freiheitsgrade des Systems zu zählen oder informationstheoretische Betrachtungen der Entropie zu machen, wird ein relativ praktischer und anschaulicher Ansatz gewählt, in dem der Redundanzbegriff eng mit der Messunsicherheit verknüpft wird. Metrologische Redundanz wird definiert über eine Änderung in der Messunsicherheit der Messgröße, wenn Sensoren aus dem Netzwerk herausgenommen werden. Eine alternative Angabe ist die Höchstanzahl der Sensoren, die aus dem Netzwerk herausgenommen werden können, ohne dass die Unsicherheit der Zielgröße über einen vorher gewählten Wert steigt. Verschiedene Metriken werden definiert, um die Redundanz zu quantifizieren. Die Begriffe und Metriken werden anhand verschiedener Beispiele erläutert. Diese beinhalten sowohl simulierte als auch reale Netzwerke und die Sensoren messen entweder dieselbe Größe (homogenes Netzwerk) oder unterschiedliche Größen (heterogenes Netzwerk).
Study of interactions of the cationic 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant with saccharides in aqueous solution: volumetric, compressibility and viscometric analysis
Authors: Atika  , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan Suvarcha
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the interaction behaviour of 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant in aqueous saccharide solutions (lactose and maltodextrin solutions) is investigated using density, sound velocity and viscosity measurements. The density and sound velocity data were used to determine the volume and compressibility parameters. The effects of temperature and concentration/strength of the solutions on the interaction behaviour were analysed by conductivity studies over a wide temperature (293.15–313.15) K and concentration range of the saccharides as well as of the surfactant. It was found that predominantly hydrophobic interactions together with ionic/hydrophilic interactions between 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant and the saccharides maltodextrin and lactose play a role. In addition, the structural changes in the 12–2–12 Gemini solutions induced by lactose and maltodextrin were investigated by viscosity measurements. The results confirm the observations from the volume and compressibility studies. The study of the different hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions in the Gemini surfactant-sacharide-water mixtures are very helpful to understand the structural behaviour of Gemini surfactants in the view of their biological significance.