bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Secular Interpretation of God in Christianity under Holographic Theory
Authors: Fu Yu , Kang Xi
Published: July 2019

God is the core of Christian religion, where the whole Christian faith and creed rest upon. While the relationship between the mortal and God is the fundamental question that makes Christianity distinguish from other religions. This paper aims to discover the secular meaning of God, such as in China, with the perspective of relationship between God and mortal and the theory of holographic theory, which brings atheists a better comprehension of human beings and the universe through a religious philosophy.
EFFECT OFCO-ADMINISTRATION OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS AND AEGLE MARMELOS EXTRACTS FOR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Jain Hemant Kumar , JAISWAL SNEHAL R.
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop an HPLC analytical method and to perform in vivo study of Emblica officinalis and Aegle marmelos extracts for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.

Methods: The phytochemical analyses, total phenolic content (TPC), TLC, DPPH assay were performed for freeze-dried Emblica officinalis fruits aqueous extract (EOFAE) and Aegle marmelos leaves ethyl acetate extract (AMLEAE). The active constituents present in both extracts were estimated by using HPLC system having Hibar® C18 column [250 x4.6 mm, 5 µm] and UV detector (264 nm). A gradient mobile phase (acetonitrile and water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) was used at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. In vivo antioxidant, antidiabetic activity of both extracts was conducted on male albino Wistar rats for 21 d in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (42 rats; n=6). The antidiabetic activity was measured by blood glucose level and biochemical parameters i.e. total cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein. Oxidative stress was measured by antioxidant biomarkers i.e. SOD, GSH, lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method on the liver of the experimental rat.

Results: Tannins, saponins, carbohydrate, glycosides are found in EOFAE; coumarins and flavonoids are found in AMLEAE and quinones, phenols are present in both extracts. The values of TPC present in standard gallic acid, EOFAE and AMLEAE were found to be 485.7, 315.6, 300.7 mgGAE/g, respectively. Rf values obtained by TLC of EOFAE and AMLEAE were found to be 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. The values of % inhibition shown by EOFAE and AMLEAE in DPPH assay were found to be 97.8%±2 and 95.2%±2, respectively. The values of retention time of EOFAE and AMLEAE by HPLC analysis were found to be 4.59 and 5.28 min, respectively. Histopathological examination of the liver was revealed that low dose EOAM (containing of EOFAE 250+AMLEAE 250 mg/kg body weight) administered once a daily for 21 d showed significant activity (P˂0.001) with biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the EOFAE and AMLEAE treated group III with (EOAM) low dose of 500 mg/kg body weight has potent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
MODIFICATION OF GUMS BY PERIODATE OXIDATION: A NATURAL CROSS-LINKER
Authors: Sen Suma Oommen , Nayak Amit Kumar , Devbhuti Pritesh , Ghosh Amitava
Published: July 2019

Scientists throughout the world are in search of novel modified biopolymer to fabricate smart drug delivery systems based on hydrogel formulations using several cross-linkers like glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, epichlorhydrin, adipic acid dihydrazide, carbodiimide, genipin, etc. Agents that are fused into the polymeric structure like isocyanates, glutaraldehyde, polyepoxides, etc., and are extremely toxic in nature. In addition, these are susceptible to percolate out into the body on biodegradation of polymeric structure. As an alternative to these toxic cross-linking agents, the periodate-Schiff base staining technique is widely being used for cross-linking in biology and biochemistry. The mechanism of this cross-linking technique is based on the reaction in-between the Schiff reagent and the aldehydes produced via the periodate oxidation. During the past few decades, several researchers have already been studied on the natural gums and also, developed their dialdehyde derivatives via the periodate oxidation technique. These periodate oxidized gums are being used to cross-link gelatin, other proteins and chitosan to develop various smart systems for drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, edible films, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive discussion of the available reported literature on the periodate oxidation of various gums and their use as natural cross-linker.
TWO NOVEL FLAVONE C-GLYCOSIDES ISOLATED FROM AFROCARPUS GRACILIOR: POM ANALYSES AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGANIST HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Kamal Amel M. , Abdelhady Mohamed , Ben Hadda Taibi
Published: July 2019

Objective: Cancer is considered as one of the top reasons of death and the number of cases increasing gradually. Cancer is severe clinical difficulty to the health caution system. This study explored two novel polyphenols of Afrocarpus gracilior Pilger growing in Egypt and evaluated their cytotoxic activity.

Methods: Methanolic (80%) extract of the leaves of A. gracilior was subjected to column chromatography; the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by advanced spectral techniques: UV, 1H, 13C NMR, two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) and electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were studied for their cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore the pharmacokinetics profiles of these molecules were accessed by employing Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analyses.

Results: Two novel C-flavonoid glycosides were isolated [1: Apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] and [2: 7-O methyl-luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]. They exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 9.02 and 15.61 µg/ml, respectively) against Hep-G2 cells. The POM analyses revealed that the activity of these two compounds depends on the presence of glucosyl and alkyl groups at the internal and terminal atmosphere of the compounds.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the leaves of A. gracilior contain a series of bioactive polyphenolic compounds with significant cytotoxic properties against hepatocellular carcinoma and may be used as alternative anticancer agents for doxorubicin. On the basis of POM calculations, it will be interesting to develop some alternative flavones because the deglucosylated derivatives have a better drug score than parent molecules. This preliminary study will be extended to other strains of cancer.
EFFECT OF SODIUM NITRITE EXPOSURE ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER VACCINE IN MICE
Authors: Abo-EL-Sooud Khaled , Hashem Mohamed , ABD ELHAKIM Yasmina , Kamel Gehan , ELEIWA Mona , Gab-Alllah Ali
Published: July 2019

Objective: Daily exposure to food preservatives constitutes a major crisis to children especially during vaccination so; the aim of the study is to assess the effect of sodium nitrite on the immune responses against Rift Valley fever vaccine (RVFV) in Swiss mice.

Methods: Mice were divided into four equal groups: group 1 (control) was orally administrated with distilled water (2 ml/kg b. wt.); group 2 was orally administrated with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of sodium nitrite 0.07 mg/kg b. wt. daily for 21 d, group 3 was vaccinated with inactivated RVFV two times and group 4 was orally given sodium nitrite and vaccinated as group 3. Blood samples were collected from all groups two weeks after booster vaccination. The leucocytic indices and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined to assess the cell-mediated immunity. The humoral immunity was evaluated using direct enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) test and serum neutralization test (SNT).

Results: Sodium nitrite significantly increased the neutrophil index and the NLR whereas; it decreased the total leucocytic count and lymphocyte index in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated mice. Moreover, sodium nitrite significantly decreased both the IgG titer and the efficiency of vaccination through increasing the ED50 value.

Conclusion: Sodium nitrite existed an immune-suppressive effect on both cellular and humoral immune responses in mice.
Análisis de la implementación de las normas internacionales de contabilidad para el sector público: enfocado al estudio de Bienes de uso de una entidad piloto
Authors: Fernández Rozas Marcela , Aguayo Mondaca Joselyn Dennise
Published: July 2019

En las últimas décadas, en distintos países se han producido reformas significativas en el sector público, siendo la principal innovación la convergencia de la contabilidad gubernamental hacia las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad para el Sector Público (NICSP). Estas normas reflejan la esencia económica de las operaciones del negocio, presentando una imagen fiel de la situación financiera de una entidad de una manera estándar. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo con una metodología cualitativa, con un alcance comprehensivo respecto a casos, con el fin de conocer la contabilización en base a NICSP de los seres vivos correspondientes a los animales del zoológico que están en exhibición, agregando el efecto que tuvo la identificación de los bienes de uso de la entidad, conociendo las debilidades, fortalezas, tareas y procedimientos que se presentaron en este proceso. Para cumplir con los objetivos expuestos se realizarán entrevistas al área de Contabilidad del Servicio Público, al igual que a expertos en el tema con estudios en NICSP, y en Biología. Finalmente, se ha visto que el organismo en estudio ha llevado las etapas del plan de convergencia mediante la capacitación al personal y consultas a la Contraloría General de la República.
Análisis de las modificaciones que incorpora la reforma tributaria ley n°20.899 al área de la construcción
Authors: Cid Canal Enrique , Funes Arancibia Pamela Esther , Rojas Riquelme Valentina Javiera
Published: July 2019

Las modificaciones introducidas por la Reforma Tributaria Ley N° 20.780 del 29 de Septiembre 2014, modificada por la Ley N° 20.899 del 08 de Febrero 2016, tienen como efecto o consecuencia directa el encarecimiento en las ventas de bienes inmuebles realizadas por una empresa inmobiliaria, otras empresas o personas naturales, debido al recargo del impuesto al valor agregado en el precio final de venta de los inmuebles.La metodología empleada fue bajo un enfoque cualitativo con alcance de comprehensión, el cual se desarrolló en seis etapas. Entre ellas se contempló la revisión de textos, artículos, elaboración de un cuadro comparativo, simulación de casos prácticos y entrevistas a profesionales del área.De esta investigación, se concluye que las diferencias entre las propuestas de las reformas radica en las ventas realizadas tanto por una empresa constructora como inmobiliaria, ya que ahora están afectas a IVA, con la finalidad de recaudar mayores impuestos.
Análisis de las medidas tomadas a favor de la disminución de la evasión tributaria en Chile para el período 2014 – 2017
Authors: Figueroa Álamos José , Cisternas Rodríguez Cristobal , Cofré Peña Erica
Published: July 2019

La evasión tributaria es una problemática frecuente y conocida en la actualidad. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante actos ilícitos y poco éticos, lo que hace que el Fisco recaude menos ingresos tributarios que los debidos, lo que induce a que se eleve la carga tributaria para los contribuyentes honestos.El propósito de esta investigación es dar a conocer las medidas implementadas por el Servicio de Impuestos Internos, para el período 2014-2017, con el objeto de disminuir la evasión tributaria nacional.Esto se llevará a cabo mediante análisis documental, por medio de los Planes de Gestión de Cumplimiento Tributario emitidos por el ente fiscalizador para el período referido, Cuentas Públicas y una carta emitida por la Directora Regional SII de Valparaíso a modo de respuesta, siendo estos codificados a través de las categorías y subcategorías de análisis en el software ATLAS TI.Finalmente, se han identificado las formas y figuras más frecuentes de evasión, siendo una de ellas la emisión de facturas falsas por parte de los contribuyentes. Las medidas que se mantuvieron en el tiempo para aminorar el incumplimiento tributario, se realizan bajo acciones presenciales y no presenciales. Por otro lado, la efectividad de dichas medidas impuestas por medio de los PGCT, fue evaluada por medio de indicadores de cumplimiento, donde el mayor rendimiento fue por medio de las auditorías tributarias.
Agricultura y desarrollo local en Guatemala
Authors: Díaz Castellanos Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo estudia la función de la agricultura como motor de desarrollo local. Para el efecto, se analiza la experiencia de cuatro municipios de Guatemala, dos donde se practica agricultura de gran extensión y dos de esta a pequeña escala. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre ambos grupos. En el primero, el nivel de pobreza se mantuvo alto, en tanto que en el segundo, la tasa de esta se redujo en un monto significativo durante un período de seis años. Los municipios difieren en ubicación geográfica, tamaño y composición étnica, pero tienen en común la agricultura como principal actividad productiva.
Thermodynamic re-assessment of the Al-Sn-Zn ternary system
Authors: Cheng T. , Zhang L.-J.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a thermodynamic re-assessment of the Al-Sn-Zn ternary system was performed by means of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. The thermodynamic descriptions of the binary Al-Sn, Al-Zn, and Sn-Zn systems from the literature were directly adopted, and the newly reported experimental phase equilibria, enthalpies of mixing, and activities of Al in the ternary liquid phase were taken into account. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system were finally obtained. A comprehensive comparison between the presently calculated phase equilibria/thermodynamic properties and the experimental data indicates that the present thermodynamic descriptions of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system show very good agreement with most of the experimental data. The further direct comparison with the calculated results due to the previous assessment demonstrates that a significant improvement was achieved by the present assessment though fewer ternary interaction parameters were utilized.
Galectin-3 and S100A9: Novel Diabetogenic Factors Mediating Pancreatic Cancer–Associated Diabetes
Authors: Liao Wei-Chih , Huang Bo-Shih , Yu Ya-Han , Yang Hsin-Hua , Chen Peng-Ruei , Huang Cheng-Chieh , Huang Hsin-Yi , Wu Ming-Shiang , Chow Lu-Ping
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Pancreatic cancer–associated diabetes (PCDM) is a paraneoplastic phenomenon accounting for 1% of new-onset diabetes. We aimed to identify the mediators of PCDM and evaluate their usefulness in distinguishing PCDM from type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Secreted proteins of MIA PaCa-2 cells were identified by proteomics, and those with ≥10-fold overexpression in transcriptome analysis were assessed by bioinformatics and glucose uptake assay to identify candidate factors. Expression of factors was compared between tumors with and without PCDM by immunohistochemistry. Serum levels were measured in a training set including PC with and without PCDM, type 2 diabetes, pancreatitis, other pancreatic/peripancreatic tumors, and control subjects (n = 50 each). Cutoff values for differentiation between PCDM and type 2 diabetes from the training set were validated in a test set (n = 41 each).

RESULTS

Galectin-3 and S100A9 were overexpressed in tumors with PCDM and dose-dependently suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. In the training set, serum galectin-3 and S100A9 levels were exclusively increased in patients with PCDM and distinguished PCDM from type 2 diabetes (area under the curve [AUC] galectin-3: 0.73 [95% CI 0.64–0.83]; S100A9: 0.79 [95% CI 0.70–0.87]). Similar results were observed in the test set (AUC galectin-3: 0.83 [95% CI 0.74–0.92]; S100A9: 0.77 [95% CI 0.67–0.87]), with sensitivity and specificity 72.1% and 86.1%, respectively, for galectin-3 and 69.8% and 58.1% for S100A9 in differentiating between PCDM and type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Galectin-3 and S100A9 are overexpressed in PCDM tumors and mediate insulin resistance. Galectin-3 and S100A9 distinguish PCDM from type 2 diabetes in subjects with new-onset diabetes.
Fixação de crenças, big data e fake news: a campanha de difamação contra Marielle Franco
Authors: Romanini Anderson Vinicius , Guarda Rebeka Figueiredo da
Published: July 2019

A partir dos artigos A Fixação das Crenças e Como tornar as nossas ideias claras do filósofo e semioticista Charles S. Peirce, publicados do final da década de 1870, propomos a discussão sobre a onda de boatos contra a vereadora brasileira Marielle Franco ocorrida em março de 2018 com base em duas questões: quais foram os mecanismos envolvidos na criação e no compartilhamento de desinformação com a intenção de gerar uma crença que desqualificasse a vereadora e justificasse socialmente seu assassinato? Como encontrar a verdade em tempos de fake news? Levando-se em conta a rapidez e a eficácia da campanha de difamação promovida contra a vereadora na Internet, faremos o debate também com base na reflexão sobre as implicações dos fenômenos conhecidos como Big Data e fake news. Com os aportes teóricos da semiótica de Peirce, realizaremos uma análise sobre a criação, disseminação e repercussão dos boatos contra Marielle, compreendidos aqui como signos capazes de transmitir determinadas informações e gerar certos efeitos numa comunidade de interpretantes socialmente conectada pela rede mundial de computadores. Nosso recorte privilegia o debate do tema sob o ponto de vista semiótico, com o objetivo de aprofundar a compreensão de fenômenos comunicacionais contemporâneos e suas implicações na sociedade.
O GeoGebra no estudo das funções trigonométricas: uma experiência em um minicurso com alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio
Authors: Braz Lúcia Helena Costa , Castro Gustavo Teixeira de , Oliveira Patrick Macêdo
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar resultados de uma experiência com o uso de tecnologias no ensino de Matemática na Educação Básica. A partir da literatura consultada, considera-se que a utilização das tecnologias na sala de aula tende a fazer com que os alunos assumam um papel ativo no processo de construção do conhecimento. Buscando ilustrar seu uso e vantagens, além de propiciar a experiência docente enquanto ainda licenciandos, foi planejada e desenvolvida uma atividade para o estudo das funções trigonométricas. A proposta, cujo objetivo principal era introduzir o estudo das funções trigonométricas e suas propriedades, com uma abordagem didática baseada na investigação matemática e fazendo uso do software GeoGebra, foi desenvolvida com alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Formiga (MG). Os resultados mostraram que o uso do software GeoGebra contribuiu significativamente para a compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos, além do desenvolvimento do raciocínio e argumentação dos alunos. Enquanto futuros doentes, a experiência foi enriquecedora para a formação.
Effect of mycorrhiza on yield and quality of lettuce grown on medium with different levels of phosphorus and selenium
Authors: Kowalska Iwona , Konieczny Anna
Published: July 2019

Lettuce plants were grown in the foil tunnel in pots filled with peat substrate. The experimental factors were: concentration of phosphorus in the substrate (70 or 140 mg dm-3), inoculation of substrate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (+AMF or –AMF) and concentration of selenium in the substrate (0, 6 or 12 mg dm-3). Mycorrhizal frequency in roots was affected by concentration of P, inoculation with AMF and interaction between these factors. Higher mycorrhizal frequency was found in plants inoculated with AMF and grown under conditions of lower P concentration. AMF did not affect an accumulation of Se in leaves. However, higher concentration of P and Se in the substrate affected Se concentration in leaves. The average yield of lettuce decreased with increasing level of Se in the substrate. The presence of Se in the substrate led to decrease of K, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn content of plants. AMF did not have an effect on the content of sugars in leaves.
Bentuk arsitektur sebagai media komunikasi ritual pengobatan suku Akit di pulau Rupat
Authors: Faisal Gun , Sari Genny Gustina
Published: July 2019

Salah satu bentuk aktivitas komunikasi terjadi pada ritual Bedekeh yang dilakukan oleh Suku Akit di Pulau Rupat. Ritual Bedekeh merupakan sebuah ritual pengobatan dimana seorang Bomo (dukun) menjadi perantara antara si sakit dengan arwah nenek moyang yang dipercayai mampu menyembuhkan penyakit. Dalam ritual Bedekeh terdapat aktivitas komunikasi ritual yang sarat dengan makna dan simbol khususnya dari segi bangunan arsitektur serta peralatan yang digunakan Bomo dalam ritual ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji bagaimana bentuk arsitektur berfungsi sebagai media pengobatan masyarakat suku Akit. Kajian ini membahas bentuk tidak hanya sebagai bagian dari arsitektur tetapi juga bagian dari ritual dan kebudayaan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian dimulai dengan mengkaji bentuk arsitektur vernakular dan ritual Bedekeh sebagai background knowledge, dilanjutkan dengan mengumpulkan informasi mengenai tata cara dan ritual pengobatan tersebut. Selanjutnya melihat elemen-elemen arsitektur yang terdapat dalam cara pengobatan beserta fungsi dan maknanya. Berdasarkan temuan lapangan, model Rumah Roh (Huma) dan Istana (Balai) digunakan sebagai media komunikasi antara Bomo (dukun) dengan para roh, jin, maupun hantu. Bentuk dari model Huma dan Balai tersebut tercipta dari wahyu atau bayangan, maupun mimpi Bomo sesuai dengan keinginan roh tersebut. Proses pembuatan Balai dilakukan oleh Bomo dan keluarganya, sedangkan model Huma dikerjakan oleh keluarga pasien dan tetangga pasien. Jika dilihat dari proses terciptanya bentuk dari Balai dan Rumah Roh tersebut, bentukan itu terlihat lazim seperti bentuk dari rumah suku Akit itu sendiri.
El ciclo de vida del posicionamiento y el choque de las generaciones en el mercado del siglo XXI
Authors: Chacón Arenas Edinson Miguel
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo se basa en los principales textos de los autores Al Ries y Jack Trout. Tiene como objetivo reinterpretar el concepto de posicionamiento comercial para enfrentar las nuevas exigencias de un mercado formado por cuatro generaciones en convivencia en el siglo xxi. Después de realizar la investigación cualitativa con metodología hermenéutica, se puede comprender que el posicionamiento como concepto de marketing ya no puede ser visto como un concepto estático en el tiempo que no sufrirá cambios. Así es, el posicionamiento también está sujeto a un ciclo de vida. Estas razones de cambios continuos fundamentan la necesidad de administrar el desarrollo del ciclo de vida del posicionamiento de manera constante y consciente.
Recorridos de la arqueología del NOA en tiempo, espacio y perspectivas: seis investigaciones, seis miradas
Authors: Paez María Cecilia , Giovannetti Marco
Published: July 2019

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Arqueología en el Valle de Tafí (provincia de Tucumán): algunas miradas sobre el pasado-presente de su gente
Authors: Manasse Bárbara
Published: July 2019

En este artículo nos proponemos exponer una mirada del ?pasado ? presente? de la gente nativa del Valle de Tafí en la provincia de Tucumán. Lo abordaremos desde la arqueología, de la mano de los saberes de la población indígena trazando una historia que, partiendo de los datos científicos más antiguos que disponemos, llega a la actualidad en sus intereses, sus urgencias y sus luchas.  Dos ejes concentran nuestra atención: el Valle como territorio ancestral y la continuidad histórica de su uso y percepción como tal. Las Comunidades Indígenas de Tafí encuentran en la arqueología una herramienta de colonización, pero también de reconciliación, reconocimiento y lucha. En un ir y venir de intereses y conocimientos venimos trabajando en una práctica que se articule con ellos y se configure en nuevos sentidos ?otros?.
Nuevos datos sobre las Quebradas altas del Calchaquí medio, Salta, noroeste de Argentina (NOA). Reproducción local entre los siglos XI a XV
Authors: Williams Verónica
Published: July 2019

Se ha propuesto para el noroeste de Argentina, entre el 1000 y 1400 AD, un estado de fragmentación política, situaciones de conflicto y la emergencia de jerarquías siendo una de las causas de esta situación los cambios climáticos que ocurrieron en los Andes alrededor del siglo XIII. La información arqueológica de las quebradas altas del valle Calchaquí medio, en la actual provincia de Salta, entre los siglos XI y XVII, nos permiten plantear la hipótesis de la continuidad en la ocupación de estos espacios siguiendo prácticas y lógicas de tiempos prehispánicos, que estuvieron vinculadas a la subsistencia y reproducción social, tales como el manejo estacional y altitudinal agrícola-ganadero por parte de las poblaciones locales. Nuestro objetivo es dar a conocer resultados de las investigaciones en las quebradas altas del valle Calchaquí intentando entender cómo podría haber sido la dinámica poblacional entre los siglos XI y XV a  partir de información arqueológica .
Factors associated with keratopathy in captive pinnipeds
Authors: Colitz Carmen M. H. , Saville William J. A. , Walsh Michael T. , Latson Ed
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with keratopathy in captive pinnipeds and to provide guidance for preventive measures.

ANIMALS 319 captive pinnipeds (229 otariids [sea lions and fur seals], 74 phocids [true seals], and 16 odobenids [walrus]) from 25 facilities.

PROCEDURES Descriptive data collected from questionnaires completed by facilities and from medical records and physical examinations of pinnipeds were compiled and evaluated. Variables were assessed with χ2 tests of homogeneity to determine potential association with keratopathy, and variables with values of P ≤ 0.25 were inserted into the multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS Results indicated that variables associated with significantly increased odds of keratopathy in captive pinnipeds included lighter or reflective pool color (OR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 3.97), pool water salinity < 29 g/L (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.89 to 6.56), and history of eye disease (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.85 to 5.98), trauma (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.72 to 8.89), and having been tested for leptospirosis (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.54 to 10.26). However, odds of keratopathy decreased with UV index ≤ 6 (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.72) and age < 20 years (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.66).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings indicated that odds of keratopathy in pinnipeds could be reduced by maintenance of pool water salinity ≥ 29 g/L and reduction of UV radiation exposure (eg, with adequate shade structures and use of darker, natural colors). Because UV radiation exposure is cumulative, even small attempts to reduce lifetime exposure to it could help control keratopathy in pinnipeds.
Predicting the separation of time scales in a heteroclinic network
Authors: Voit Maximilian , Meyer-Ortmanns Hildegard
Published: July 2019

We consider a heteroclinic network in the framework of winnerless competition, realized by generalized Lotka-Volterra equations. By an appropriate choice of predation rates we impose a structural hierarchy so that the network consists of a heteroclinic cycle of three heteroclinic cycles which connect saddles on the basic level. As we have demonstrated in previous work, the structural hierarchy can induce a hierarchy in time scales such that slow oscillations modulate fast oscillations of species concentrations. Here we derive a Poincaré map to determine analytically the number of revolutions of the trajectory within one heteroclinic cycle on the basic level, before it switches to the heteroclinic connection on the second level. This provides an understanding of which parameters control the separation of time scales and determine the decisions of the trajectory at branching points of this network.
Single-Frequency Ionospheric-Delay Correction from BeiDou & GPS Systems for Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Farah Ashraf
Published: July 2019

The range delay caused by the ionosphere layer is the major current source of error for GNSS users with single-frequency receivers. GNSS advice users to correct this type of error using ionospheric models whose coefficients are sent in their navigation messages. GPS-users use the Klobuchar model to correct this type of error. GPS navigation message contains the model’s eight coefficients which vary on the basis of seasonal ionospheric variations and average solar flux. The correction accuracy of Klobuchar model is about 50% (rms) of the ionospheric range delay. Beidou system calculates and broadcast 8 parameters of Klobuchar model based on continuous monitoring stations. BeiDou system updates the ionospheric coefficients every two hours. GPS-Klobuchar model uses completely different coefficients than BeiDou-Klobuchar model. This research demonstrates a comparison study between the Klobuchar model using the GPS broadcast coefficients and the same model using BeiDou-coefficients. The correction accuracy offered by the two models has been judged using the most accurate International GNSS Service-Global Ionospheric Maps (IGS-GIMs) for three different-latitude stations along northern hemisphere, one station in low-latitude region, the second station is in mid-latitude region and the third station is in high-latiude region to reflect models’ behaviour in different geographic regions. The study was applied over three different months of the year 2017 that each of them reflects a different activity state for the ionosphere layer. The study proves that BeiDou model is able to show the ionosphere’s day-to-day fluctuations while GPS model can’t. It can be concluded that GPS model offers better behaviour than BeiDou model in correcting range delay in low-latitude and high-latitude geographic regions under any activity state for the ionosphere. BeiDou model offers better correction accuracy than GPS model in mid-latitude under any activity state for the ionosphere.
Performance and economic analysis of Markovian Bernoulli feedback queueing system with vacations, waiting server and impatient customers
Authors: Bouchentouf Amina Angelika , Guendouzi Abdelhak , Kandouci Abdeldjebbar
Published: July 2019

This paper concerns the analysis of a Markovian queueing system with Bernoulli feedback, single vacation, waiting server and impatient customers. We suppose that whenever the system is empty the sever waits for a random amount of time before he leaves for a vacation. Moreover, the customer’s impatience timer depends on the states of the server. If the customer’s service has not been completed before the impatience timer expires, the customer leaves the system, and via certain mechanism, impatient customer may be retained in the system. We obtain explicit expressions for the steady-state probabilities of the queueing model, using the probability generating function (PGF). Further, we obtain some important performance measures of the system and formulate a cost model. Finally, an extensive numerical study is illustrated.
Integrals of polylogarithmic functions with negative argument
Authors: Sofo Anthony
Published: July 2019

The connection between polylogarithmic functions and Euler sums is well known. In this paper we explore the representation and many connections between integrals of products of polylogarithmic functions and Euler sums. We shall consider mainly, polylogarithmic functions with negative arguments, thereby producing new results and extending the work of Freitas. Many examples of integrals of products of polylogarithmic functions in terms of Riemann zeta values and Dirichlet values will be given.
Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction in Poland Against the Background of Foreign Experience
Authors: Prusak Błażej
Published: July 2019

In highly developed countries, research in the field of bankruptcy risk prediction has been conducted for many years. For example, in the United States, which can be considered a pioneering country, the first publications appeared in the early twentieth century. In Poland, due to political and economic reasons, the interest in this issue dates back to the early 1990s. For this reason, this publication attempts to answer the following questions: 1) What is the level of advancement of the research into predicting bankruptcies of enterprises in Poland? 2) How does it compare to worldwide trends? Therefore, the main aim of this study is to present and evaluate the scientific achievements of Polish authors in the field of corporate bankruptcy prediction and compare them to global trends. Literature analysis was adopted as the research method and shows that initially in Poland only very simple tools were used to assess the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises. With time, however, advanced methods began to be introduced and new models included non-financial variables. Also, research on the selection of the samples was conducted. Currently, the level of research and applied tools do not differ from those used in highly developed countries.
Vehicles leasing operations in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Solanke Muse Olayiwola , Raji Bashiru Adisa , Alli Taiwo Kareem
Published: July 2019

Vehicle is an important element of transport; and its financing especially in road transport comes in 3 ways; outright purchase, hire purchase and lease. Of all these three methods of road transport financing, leasing has attracted little attention in Nigeria transport research. This study was carried out to examine the development, types and form, operating characteristics and problems of vehicle lease in Lagos State, Nigeria. Aggregate number of vehicle leasing companies in Nigeria from inception to 2018 was obtained from corporate affairs commission (CAC). Four prominent vehicle leasing companies: Cashlink Leasing Plc (CLP), NIKKY Taurus Ltd (NTL), C & I Leasing (CIL) and SAMTL Leasing Ltd (SLL) were purposively selected for the operating characteristics and challenges of the leasing companies. 298 structured questionnaires were administered to the staffs of the selected companies seeking the types and forms of lease and challenges encountered in the course of operation using stratified and simple random samplings techniques. Vehicle leasing started in Nigeria from 1986 with the likes of pine hill leasing, Cashlink leasing, VT leasing in Lagos. Within 1986 and 2018, it has spread to 23 different urban cities and the number has increased to 297 companies in 2018. Operating and finance leases exist in the industry with majority of 91.6% of the companies practice operating lease. The staff strength and fleet size level of the leasing companies varies overtime but positively significant to their operations. However, poor pricing of lease service, inadequate finance of vehicle, default in payment of rental charges and high cost of maintenance minimize leasing service efficiency and effectiveness. It is recommended that government should provide subvention for vehicles acquisition, face-off of racketing vehicles from cites and legislate policy to regulate operational activities (entry and exit) of the companies.
An Enthymematic Account of the Deduction of the Negative Meaning of the Chinese Shenme-based Rhetorical Question Construction
Authors: Dong Chengru , Jin Dawei
Published: July 2019

One controversy in the study of the Chinese shenme ‘what’-based rhetorical question (shenme-RQ for short) is how it takes on a negative interpretation. This paper attempts to apply enthymeme or rhetorical syllogism to the deduction of negative meaning of the shenme-RQ. Triggered by the shenme-RQ, or one of its words or phrases, the hearer extracts the explicit premise, fills in the premise that is implicit either in the context or in her or his encyclopedic knowledge, and deduces the conclusion, the negative meaning of the shenme-RQ. According to what premises are left out, the paper also explores the deduction patterns of the negative meaning of shenme-RQs and proposes a procedure for obtaining the negative interpretation. That said, the negative meaning of the shenme-RQ will be entrenched in the mind of its users and conventionalized in the Mandarin Chinese community via repeated use.
Nonlinguistic Factors that Affect the Degree of Foreign Accent in Second Language Mandarin
Authors: Freeborn Lani , Rogers John
Published: July 2019

Previous research findings have established that a number of nonlinguistic factors can influence the strength of perceived foreign accent in second language (L2) speech. However, the majority of past studies have predominantly considered foreign accent of Indo-European languages, notably English. Therefore, it remains unknown whether the same factors influence foreign accent in other languages, such as Mandarin. This article reports findings from a study on nonlinguistic factors affecting the degree of foreign accent in Mandarin as an L2. Seventy L2 learners of Mandarin Chinese recorded speech samples and completed language background questionnaires. Speech samples were rated by 15 native Mandarin speakers for the degree of foreign accent on a 9-point Likert scale. Stepwise multiple regression analysis resulted in a 3-predictor model of pronunciation accuracy: self-rating of foreign accent, Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì (HSK) proficiency level, and motivational reasons. Results suggest that (1) foreign accent in L2 Mandarin may not be affected by the same factors as in previous L2 accent studies and (2) the concepts of accentedness and comprehensibility may be more intricately linked in lexical tone languages such as Mandarin, in comparison to nontonal languages. These findings have wider implications for the field of L2 acquisition, which is dominated by studies of L2 English.
But, you see, the problem is …Perception verbs in courtroom talk: Focus onyou see
Authors: Szczyrbak Magdalena
Published: July 2019

This article seeks to contribute to the body of research on the use of perception verbs in interaction and, more specifically, to enhance the understanding of how participants in courtroom proceedings exploityou seeto manage the discourse as it unfolds and to negotiate stance. Against the background of earlier work on vision words in interaction, the study looks at parenthetical and non-parentheticalyou seeto reveal both perceptual and cognitive uses, and to identify their local pragmatic effect. As the analysis indicates, in the data at hand, lexicalyou seeis more readily recruited than non-lexicalyou see, and it is found chiefly in grammatical and declarative questions. At the same time, it is the clause-initialyou seethat visibly brings out the epistemic tensions between the speakers and serves to contest the addressee’s position. The study corroborates the claim thatyou seeis an argumentative marker, whose meaning (and force) depends on its formal properties (position, complementation) and the relationship between the speakers.
Q-Float in West Ulster English and labeling
Authors: Blümel Andreas
Published: July 2019

In this paper I contrast a stranding analysis of Q-float in intermediate A′-positions in West Ulster English with the labeling analysis of successive-cyclic A′-movement and show that the former represents a problem for the latter. If we want to retain the labeling analysis, alternatives to stranding must come forward, some of which I discuss here.
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA BASE DE DATOS GENÉTICOS DE VERTEBRADOS DE LA REGIÓN LORETO, PERÚ
Authors: ROJAS ZAMORA Rommel Roberto , CASTRO Juan C. , GARCÍA-DÁVILA Carmen
Published: July 2019

La región Loreto presenta la mayor extensión geográfica del Perú y posee una megadiversidad de especies de flora y fauna que da soporte al desarrollo de actividades socioeconómicas y culturales. En este estudio actualizamos el conocimiento de la base de datos genéticos de vertebrados existentes en Loreto. Utilizamos el buscador de secuencias genéticas implementado en el paquete rentrez del programa R, organizamos y comparamos la cantidad de secuencias en diferentes niveles taxonómicos de cada orden de vertebrados, genes más empleados y verificamos la existencia de secuencias genéticas para especies de interés comercial. Los resultados indican la existencia de 1 960 secuencias genéticas depositadas en GenBank, de los cuales 38,52% pertenecen a la Clase Peces; 29,33% son anfibios; 21,98% aves; 8,92% mamíferos y 1,22% reptiles. Estimamos que solo el 19,44% de especies de vertebrados en Loreto poseen datos genéticos. Los genes más usados variaron en abundancia dependiendo del grupo de vertebrados. La mayoría de las especies de interés comercial no presentaron datos genéticos. Conocer el panorama de la base de datos genéticos de la región Loreto es indispensable para su integración con estudios ecológicos-evolutivos y la elaboración de planes de manejo y desarrollo sustentable.
MODELAMIENTO DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS PREVISIBLES DEL DRAGADO DE LOS PRINCIPALES RÍOS AMAZÓNICOS SOBRE LA FAUNA SILVESTRE Y LA GENTE DE LOS BOSQUES INUNDADOS DE LORETO, PERÚ
Authors: BODMER Richard , PUERTAS MELÉNDEZ Pablo , HENDERSON Peter , MAYOR Pedro , ANTÚNEZ Miguel , FANG Tula , CHOTA Kimberlyn , ARENAS Marco , GLOTIN Hervé , TRONE Marie , COSGROVE Benjamin , DOCHERTY Emma , WALKEY† Mike
Published: July 2019

Se planean actividades de dragado por el proyecto hidrovía amazónica y existe limitada evidencia científica de cómo el dragado propuesto podría afectar tanto a la biodiversidad como a la población local. Una matriz modelo fue utilizada para evaluar las posibles consecuencias del dragado sobre la fauna silvestre. De acuerdo con la matriz, las especies acuáticas muestran poblaciones decrecientes cuando el nivel de agua está bajo y las especies terrestres se ven afectadas negativamente cuando las inundaciones son intensivas. La población indígena Cocama viene adaptándose a los cambios poblacionales de la fauna silvestre, dedicándose más a la pesca cuando las poblaciones de animales de caza disminuyen. Las áreas poco profundas, localmente denominados como “malos pasos” constituyen tipos de hábitat importantes para peces y delfines. De acuerdo a la matriz que se presenta en este estudio, el mejor escenario sería que, las actividades del dragado no afecten los niveles de agua normales; mientras que, el peor escenario sería cuando se presenten sequías e inundaciones intensivas.
MINIMISASI WASTE PADA RADIOGRAPHY TEST PROYEK PERLUASAN KILANG MINYAK PT. PERTAMINA CILACAP MENGGUNAKAN METODE DMAIC
Authors: Taufik Victorianus Iva , Hasibuan Sawarni
Published: July 2019

PT. Sucofindo merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang memiliki izin untuk memanfaatkan bahan radioaktif untuk uji radiografi dalam rangka mendukung pembangunan kilang minyak di proyek Cilacap. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan adalah hasil tes pengulangan tinggi yang mencapai 8%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi pengulangan tes menggunakan metode DMAIC. Pada tahap awal dicoba mengidentifikasi akar penyebab rework yang terjadi selama pengujian dengan Fishbone diagram dan melakukan analisis dari diagram tersebut. Berdasarkan studi, penyebab utama dari masalah yang disebabkan oleh pengulangan rekayasa, pemrosesan film, dan penanganan. Fokus pada masalah utama dengan menggunakan Force Field Analysis (FFA) melakukan penelitian tentang penyebab masalah untuk menentukan usulan perbaikan yang mungkin dari permasalahan yang ada. Proposal alternatif yang dibuat dengan menggunakan FFA, melalui pelatihan dan menyegarkan tentu saja dengan melibatkan para ahli, ada penurunan tingkat kerja pengulangan tes yang dilakukan selama uji pengamatan 3 bulan. Hasil pengujian pengulangan turun dari 8% menjadi 4,21%. Komitmen dan keterlibatan perusahaan manajemen merupakan faktor kunci. Untuk menjaga skor setelah analisis, monitoring dan kontrol dilakukan oleh audit manajemen Kata kunci: Radiografi Test, Limbah / Mengolah / mensyuting ulang, DMAIC, Field Analysis Paksa
ANALISIS KINERJA GUDANG DENGAN PENDEKATAN KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (KPI) DAN ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Jalal Qurtubi Abdul , Safitri Wihdah
Published: July 2019

Perkembangan industri yang sangat cepat mengharuskan perusahaan mampu mengelola internalnya supaya tidak kalah dari perusahaan kompetitor. Di antara masalah utama dalam pengelolaan internal perusahaan adalah manajemen pergudangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi kinerja dari gudang PT XYZ dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja gudang perusahaan, serta mengetahui apakah gudang tersebut menguntungkan atau merugikan perusahaan. PT XYZ adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang pengelolaan usaha eksploitasi dan produksi minyak dan gas. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja adalah KPI warehouse, sebuah ukuran berskala dan kuantitatif. Untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang berperan penting dalam peningkatan performansi gudang, menggunakan variabel key performance indicator yaitu receiving, put-away, storage, order picking dan shipping dengan metode AHP. Hasilnya menunjukkan score terendah pada fungsi shipping dengan score KPI sebesar 301. Hal ini disebabkan faktor utilization, yaitu pada saat material kategori A yakni tawas, kaporit, oxygen dan accetylene masing-masing dikirim ke user, pengiriman hanya berkuantitas sehingga area luas pengiriman banyak yang kosong dan mengakibatkan pemborosan pada proses pengiriman.
IbM: PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PLASTIK SEBAGAI KERAJINAN TANGAN DI KELURAHAN SRENGSENG SAWAH JAGAKARSA JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Nasution Siti Rohana , Rahmalina Dwi , Sulaksono Bambang , Doaly Carla Olyvia
Published: July 2019

Permasalahan sampah menjadi problema klasik yang selalu dihadapi oleh penduduk terutama di wilayah Srengseng Sawah Jagakarsa. Karena kuantitas maupun tingkat bahayanya, sampah terutama sampah plastik yang tersusun dari bahan kimia sukar diuraikan sehingga berbahaya bagi lingkungan, untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan sampah untuk mengubah sampah plastik menjadi kerajinan yang memiliki nilai jual dan estetika. Metode yang digunakan dalam program pemanfaatan limbah plastik sebagai kerajian adalah survey analisis situasi dan pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Implemetasi hasil proses pengolahan sampah yang berasal dari kemasan plastik menjadi kerajinan tangan di Kelurahan Srengseng Sawah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kreatifitas serta keterampilan warga terutama ibu-ibu rumah tangga, pemuda pengangguran dan anak-anak yang putus sekolah. Selain itu juga dapat meminimalisir pencemaran lingkungan sehingga warga Kelurahan Srengseng Sawah dapat lebih peduli terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. Melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan kreasi pemanfaatan sampah yang berasal dari kemasan plastik warga lebih punya pengetahuan mengenai peluang usaha yang dapat tercipta melalui kreatifitas dan keterampilan tersebut agar tingkat ekonomi warga Kelurahan Srengseng Sawah menjadi lebih tinggi.