bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transverse sinus stenosis distribution in refractory chronic headache patients in Pelni hospital
Authors: Usman Fritz Sumantri , Alaztha Haekal , Keneddy Erman , Kastilong Merlin Prisilia , Kurniawan Beny , . Soleh , Octavinawaty Lenny
Published: May 2022

Background: Transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is a common finding on MRI of patients with refractory chronic headaches. Bilateral TSS with severity >50% was found in almost all (93%) patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). IIH can lead to papilledema and result in loss of visual function. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TSS in patients with refractory chronic headache at Pelni hospital, Jakarta.Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study and conducted at Pelni hospital, Jakarta from January to June 2021, with a sample of patients suffering from refractory chronic headaches. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.Results: There were 70 subjects, with a mean age of 52.97±13.29, the majority aged <60 years (65.7%), with the male sex being more dominant (62.9%). There were 39 people (55.7%) with TSS; as many as 37 with (52.9%) left TSS and 2 (2.8%) with right TSS. Bivariate analysis with Chi square showed no relationship between age and sex with the presence of TSS in patients with refractory chronic headache (p=0.798 and p=0.487).Conclusions: TSS was associated with the incidence of IIH. However, this finding has not yet been proven to be significant. This study also did not find a correlation between age and gender with the incidence of TSS.
Pattern of liver cysts with their surgical management
Authors: Alam M. Iftakhar , Biswas Dipannita , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Hasan M. Kamrul , Barman Biplab Kumar , Siddiq Faysal M. Abu Bakar
Published: May 2022

Background: Liver cysts are seen in up to 5% of the population. 15-16% of such cysts are symptomatic. Symptomatic cysts are found more commonly in women who are over 50 years of age.Simple hepatic cysts are believed to be congenital in origin.Methods: The observational study was conducted in the department of hepatobiliary department of surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total of 80 cases were randomly selected for the study. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from July 2013 to June 2014. Proper consent was taken from the respective concern. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS-22).Results: Most of the respondents were female (65%). The male-female ratio was 1:1.9. The mean age was 46.4 (±SD 10.191) years, ranging from 13-76 years. There were 69 non-parasitic diseases and 11 parasitic diseases. Among them 30 patients were diagnosed as liver cyst incidentally and they required no treatment. Liver function was abnormal in 70% patients. It was found from ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen that right lobe involvement (65% and 28% respectively) is more common than left lobe (21.3% and 12% respectively). The most common complication following surgical interventions was haemorrhage (32.4%).Conclusions: Females are affected most and M:F=1:1.9, usual affected age groups are of 5th decade and common in rural area. Imaging is the best modality for diagnosis of cystic lesions but serological investigations are also helpful.
A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers of south east Assam, India
Authors: Dhar Chanda Debadatta , Sen Subhrendu Sekhar , Rajkhowa Purnima , Choudhury Basabdatta , Dey Ajit , Upadhyay Supriya
Published: May 2022

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are the frontline warriors, more prone to contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They also have tremendous possibility of serving as transmission vectors to others. In India there is paucity of data on COVID-19 infection among HCWs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the infection risk, clinical features, and source of infection, transmission and outcome in HCWs to safeguard them and to check further community spread.Methods: The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of COVID-19 infection among HCWs and to understand the risk factors for infection. Demographic and clinical data of HCWs declared SARS-COV-2 real time RT-PCR positive by VRDL, SMCH, Silchar during June 2020 to July 2021 was obtained from ICMR portal.Results: On data analysis it was found that during the study period a rate of 3.95% (316 out of 7997 cases) infection was among HCWs. Their mean age was 36 years. With maximum cases among male staffs (57.9%), and most common age group was young generation of 17-29 years. The peak acquisition of infection was in July 2020 during ATSP surveillance with 45.5% of infected HCWs. Of the infected HCWs majority were asymptomatic (74%) Although hospitalization rate was high i.e. 82.9% but severity was low with no mortality. Co-morbidity among infected cases was low 23.4%, usually in the aged group of ≥45 years. Doctors/PGTs and Nurses were the highly affected group.Conclusions: Safeguarding the HCWs from infection is the critical need for empowering the healthcare system and overcoming any pandemic in future as well.
A study of scrub meningoencephalitis and keeping it as a common differential diagnosis
Authors: Patwardhan Bhalachandra , Chaudhary Ritu , Mathur Rajendra Dutt
Published: May 2022

Background: Scrub typhus is caused by the organism Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted by trombiculid mites. Meningoencephalitis as a cause of mortality in cases of scrub typhus is becoming a common entity now. Aims and objectives were to study the incidence of meningoencephalitis in scrub typhus cases admitted to our hospital and stress the importance of keeping it as a common differential diagnosis.Methods: A descriptive observational study of 39 diagnosed cases of scrub typhus admitted to our hospital for 6 months duration (May 2018 to October 2018) was conducted. Data concerning the cases were recorded and analyzed using appropriate statistics.Results: Out of 39 cases admitted, 8 patients were diagnosed as having meningoencephalitis. Patients with meningoencephalitis had severe thrombocytopenia when compared to those without any central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. All patients responded well to doxycycline therapy with no mortality amongst cases under study.Conclusions: There have been numerous outbreaks of scrub typhus in our state of Rajasthan, especially in the Hadoti region. And in recent years, scrub typhus has been an important contributor to the newer class of emerging infections causing mortality in India. Meningoencephalitis although rare forms a major part of the complications of scrub typhus.
Guillian-Barre syndrome after COVID-19 infection: a case report
Authors: Zafar Sharjeel , Abbas Muhammad Waseem , Javaid Rukhsar
Published: May 2022

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an auto-immune disorder characterized by ascending motor weakness with hypo-reflexia or areflexia. In GBS molecular mimicry leads to the targeting of peripheral nerves. The treatment of GBS is mainly supportive, however, the definitive management of GBS includes IVIGs (intravenous immunoglobulins) and plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). We reported a case of 42 year old man who presented with weakness of both lower limbs associated with pain and numbness after recovering from COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination, radiological findings and lab results confirmed the diagnosis of GBS. He was admitted in the hospital and treated with intravenous immunoglobulins along with periodic cardiac, respiratory and neurological assessment. The patient showed a substantial response to intravenous immunoglobulins and resulted in a remarkable recovery with no residual motor or sensory deficit.
Atypical presentation and complications of term pregnancy with Mullerian duct anomaly: two case reports
Authors: Katoch Tanvi , Katoch Manvi
Published: May 2022

Mullerian duct anomalies present as vague and overlapping features with other gynaecological conditions or may remain asymptomatic. These can lead to various obstetrical complications such as miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, abnormal placental implantation, malpresentation, increased risk of cesarean section, retained placenta and others. We hereby presented two cases with term pregnancy in women with Mullerian duct anomaly and the obstetrical complications they had. The first case landed up in a cesarean section at term due to breech presentation as a result of MDA. The second case had a vaginal delivery followed by entrapped retained placenta due to MDA, which had to be removed in piece meal. We hereby discussed the possible pathophysiology leading to these obstetrical complications in MDA pregnancies. MDA can lead to complications in pregnancy and previously undiagnosed women when detected with MDAs should be informed about complications and treatment options before and during pregnancy, for better maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Evaluation of occupational health practice in the laundry and linen service at Kenyatta National hospital, Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Jebet Sharon J. , Warutere Peterson N. , Mugo Judy M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Health facility laundry ensures provision of enough, dirt free and continuous provision of garments for medical use. Main activities involve: Arranging, thorough cleaning, disinfecting, packing and dispatch. Safety hazards are features in the workplace with a potential to cause harm. This study aimed at evaluating occupational health practise of laundry and linen services at Kenyatta National hospital in the Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to ascertain potential hazards, determine adherence levels and establish wet bulb globe temperature of workers in the Laundry and Linen Service at Kenyatta National Hospital.Methods: This research adopted a cross-sectional analytical design through a questionnaire that was structured. One-forty (140) participants were recruited for interviewing through a systematic random sampling technique. Data was cleaned and analysis was done by use of version 22.0 of SPSS software. A Chi-test was calculated to show associations between variables.Results: The analysis of association revealed that age (χ2(2)=9.091, p=0.011, p<0.05), level of education attained (χ2(1)=10.76, p=0.001, p<0.05) and marital status (χ2(2)=9.768, p=0.008, p<0.05) were had a signification association with knowledge on environmental aspects in laundry and linen services.Conclusions: The hospital has made significant efforts in implementing various health and safety programs which can be adopted across different departments. The hospital management needs to ensure that workers are continuously trained on existing and emerging safety hazards, implementation of safety protocols and installation of AC system and improved ventilation within the laundry.
Evaluating outcomes following assessment of idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Onuoha Kelechukwu , Obong Udemeobong , Omokore Olutomiwa , Kolawole Dosunmu , Fafolahan Abiola , Fadeyibi Olatunbosun
Published: May 2022

Background: Adolescent Idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common cause of three-dimensional deformities of the spine. To evaluate the prevalence, association between Cobbs angle and some independent variables such as age and sex of orthopedic patients at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun, South West, Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective epidemiological study of scoliosis patients seen between January 2019 to December 2021 at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State. Data were obtained from patients medical records after due permission had been sought for and obtained from the hospital management.Results: The prevalence of scoliosis among the patients was 2.62% and females have higher rates of scoliosis as compared to the males. We also found out that majority of the patients were older than 18 years of age with a prevalence of 1.33% while the prevalence for early age was 1.29%. The most common Cobbs angle was 10-19°. Lower back pain (55.8%) was the major reason for showing up at the hospital. Out of all treatment options, the most offered was Physiotherapy and medications (48.1%). There was significant association between Cobbs angle and age (p<0.005).Conclusions: The prevalence of scoliosis among orthopedic patients at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun state was 2.62 %. Age was associated with Cobb’s angle.
Awareness, attitude and practice on prevention of mother to child transmission of human-immunodeficiency virus among pregnant women in Taungoo Township, Myanmar
Authors: Han Thidar , Tun Kyaw Myo
Published: May 2022

Background: Globally, about 1.3 million human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women get pregnant once a year, and about 160,000 children are born with the HIV. This study was conducted to investigate pregnant women's awareness, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT).Methods: This cross-sectional study collected qualitative data from 152 pregnant women registered in the health facilities in Taungoo township. Simple random sampling was applied to cull three out of total rural health centres and systematic random sampling was exercised to recruit the required pregnant women from all registered pregnancies. The semi-structured questionnaire and statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23 were used for data collection and analysis accordingly.Results: In overall, the pregnant women studied had good awareness (56.6%), favourable attitude (60.5%), and good practice (55.3%) on PMTCT services. 78.3% were aware of the PMTCT project and knew that a baby can be prevented from HIV transmission by an HIV mother, 57.8% agreed that counselling and testing for HIV during pregnancy are important and 85.5% were tested for HIV. The awareness was associated with the family type (p=0.049), the attitude was associated with age (p=0.048), residence (p=0.024), and frequency of antenatal visits during current pregnancy (p=0.021), and practice was associated with antenatal care delivery sites (p=0.038), husband's support for antenatal care (p=0.004) and taking antenatal services during a previous pregnancy (p=0.033).Conclusions: Many unsatisfactory findings regarding PMTCT services were noted. So, strategic interventions and effective approaches for getting the full coverage of PMTCT programs should be strengthened.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat: evidences from National family health survey-IV
Authors: Desai Gayatri S. , Ghosh Koustav , Pandya Sunita V.
Published: May 2022

Background: Every year 50 million women are affected by maternal morbidity and for at least 18 million of them these morbidities become long-term and are often debilitating. To reduce the maternal mortality ratio, as per the target 3.1 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India needs to continue strengthening its efforts for improving maternal health. The study aims to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat.Methods: The present study has utilised National family health survey-4 (2015-16) data. The survey provides information related to reproductive morbidity including maternal morbidity. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square test and logistic regression has been utilised to show the prevalence and risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat. Results: Prevalence of reproductive morbidity during pregnancy is 58.1 percent. The morbidity was the highest during delivery (39.44%) and lowest in post-delivery period (12.97%). Looking to the risk factors, education, women’s autonomy and experience of IPV were found to be significant predictors of such a morbidity. Conclusions: Targeted measures directed to check violence against women can help in reducing reproductive morbidities among women in Gujarat. This can ultimately lead to reduction in maternal mortality level as targeted under SDG.
A study on the availability and accessibility of healthcare services provided at Mohalla clinics by the slum residents of Delhi
Authors: Vohra Ridhima , Thakur Harshad
Published: May 2022

Background: Delhi being the capital of India is overcrowded due to the rapid migration of the people from different parts of the country for the purpose of better employment and education opportunities resulting in development of slums and as a result of lack of proper documentation, lack of awareness intermingled with the other major factors these people suffer a lot and hence to cater to the healthcare needs of these fleeting population the government of NCT of Delhi launched the ambitious project of Mohalla clinics. To explore the availability and accessibility of the various healthcare services provided at Mohalla clinics and to know about the perceptions of the people about the functioning of Mohalla clinics.Methods: a cross-sectional mixed method study was carried out by taking 15 Mohalla clinics in total from the five districts of Delhi, taking three Mohalla clinics from each district where household survey was done with 225 household heads who have availed services from these clinicsResults: The overall response of the users has been positive with respect to the various healthcare services that are being provided at these clinics.Conclusions: Mohalla Clinics have been successful in catering to the healthcare needs of the society, however there are few areas of dissatisfaction infrastructure, drug supply, adequate laboratory investigations, water supply, sanitation of the toilets, overall management system etc.
Factors affecting utilization of noncommunicable diseases clinics: effectiveness and role-efficacy
Authors: Rao Gangadhar , Das Shankar
Published: May 2022

Background: The growing burden of noncommunicable diseases has been seen as one of the most significant developmental and health systems challenges of the 21st century. Most of these deaths have been caused by the four main NCDs, namely: cardiovascular disease accounts for 44% of all deaths from NCDs, cancer accounts for 22%, chronic respiratory disease accounts for 9%, and diabetes accounts for 4%.India is also experiencing a rapid transition. To comprehend the beneficiaries on factors affecting the utilization of healthcare services and service provisioning at the NCDs clinics. To explore perceptions of multiple stakeholders on the role efficacy and effectiveness of NCD clinicsMethods: The current study uses a concurrent mix-methodological approach, which provides equal weightage to qualitative and quantitative methods. The study has adopted explorative concurrent mixed methods research design, Results: The majority of the diseases identifies are cardiovascular diseases which accounts for 30.9%, chronic respiratory diseases are the second-highest among the populations, which accounts for 26.9%, and diabetes is the next with a slight difference of 25.3%, cancer cases also seem to be high 3.9%. The chi-square test for independence was conducted to assess the association or relation between the beneficiary’s level of satisfaction and service utilization. Cramer’s V was computed as the measure of the strength of association for the observed significant associations.Conclusions: The NCD clinics effectively deal with the emerging NCDs, but certain limitations exist in the forms of barriers. The service utilization is also very high right now.
Burnout syndrome among resident doctors in a tertiary medical college in central India-a cross-sectional study
Authors: Deshmukh Jyotsna S. , Vithalani Nidhi J.
Published: May 2022

Background: Practice of medicine is associated with a high level of occupational stress and burnout. Residents face lot of stress because of the workload and heavy duties as well as a large volume of scientific literature and practical tasks which must be learnt in a limited time. Very few studies from India have evaluated psychological issues, stress, and burnout among medical professionals with few studies focusing on resident doctors.Methods: The invitation link of the survey in the form of Google forms was sent to all residents working in the institute. Although the survey was kept anonymous, personal details relating to the participant’s demographics, academic qualifications, working hours was recorded. The Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) scale was utilized to assess the prevalence of burnout. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS-20.0.Results: The average age of respondents was 28 years. The 48.8% (77) residents work for 41-60 hours/week while 57.59% (91) residents have <2 years of experience in government hospital. The 39.24% (62) had the scores that indicate the total burnout. it was found that personal burnout scores, work related burnout scores and personal burnout scores are comparatively higher in 1st year of residency as compared to 2nd and 3rd year of residency. Overall burnout in 1st year residents was significantly high compared to 2nd and 3rd year residents.Conclusions: Burnout syndrome was significantly high among resident doctors. Attention should be directed to identifying the symptoms of burnout syndrome and addressing them through strategies on various levels.
Socio demographic correlates of quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bhandari Praizy , Goel N. K. , Walia Dinesh , Kalia Meenu
Published: May 2022

Background: The major cause contributing to high prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapid developmental urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, and change in dietary habits. Due to all these repressed emotions diabetics tend to miss doses over a period of time leading to increased mortality which cumulatively affect QoL.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 264 patients suffering with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The quality of life was assessed using modified WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire under 4 domains viz. physical health, psychological, social relationship and environment.Results: Our study reported 43.2% individuals had overall poor QOL score. Overall QOLS in different domains varied significantly with age, socioeconomic status, and type of family. Gender and religion were not found to be significantly related to QOL. Psychological domain, social domain came out to be least adversely affected in terms of poor QOLS. Overall QOLS was found adversely affected among middle age and elderly individuals of higher SES with co-morbid conditions. Age, and socioeconomic status came out to be the significant correlates of poor QOL.Conclusions: The study suggests the need of improving socio-economic conditions and better management of diabetes in order to reduce complications for improving QOL.
Microbiological surveillance of hospital environment in tertiary care hospital in north India
Authors: Naik Saboor , Dar Mohammad Abass , Khan Sufhia , Razdhan Kanika
Published: May 2022

Background: Hospital acquired infection (nosocomial infection) are commonly occurring in developing as well as developed countries almost 50% of patients in developed countries and 75% in developing countries get infected inside the hospital to which they are not exposed earlier. The problem occurring in treatment to these patients is the resistance to certain antibiotics among these bacteria.Methods: A swab soaked in nutrient broth was used to collect samples from the floor, walls, equipments, instruments, operation tables, etc. All the samples were labelled properly and immediately transported to the microbiology laboratory in Government medical college Jammu for processing.Results: Out of 29 air samples positive is 9 and the percent is 31.0 swabs are 92. Out of 92 samples positive is 28 and the percent is 30.43. Out of 29 samples 3 samples are taken from orthopaedic OT there is no growth. 3 samples are taken from gynaecology OT no growth. 4 samples are taken from urology theatre 2 are Staphylococcus aureus and the percent is 50. 2 samples are taken from eye OT there is no growth.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the microbiological quality of air and surfaces in operation theatre may be considered a mirror image of the hygienic conditions of the operating theatre.
Perception, awareness and utilization of integrated child development services scheme by mothers in coastal Karnataka, India
Authors: S. V. Saranya , Kumar Ashwini , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Kamath Asha
Published: May 2022

Background: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the leading outreach program aimed at promoting maternal and child health care and help in strengthening the implementation of MCH activities like immunization, growth monitoring, supplementation of vitamin A and iron folic acid tablets. Hence, ICDS takes holistic approach in development of children and attempts to improve their prenatal and post-natal environment. Hence the present study was undertaken to study the awareness and utilization of ICDS scheme by expectant mothers and nursing mothers in coastal Karnataka. Objectives of current study were to study the awareness and utilization of services offered to mothers under ICDS 2 and to assess the perception about the services.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done among 141 mothers registered in anganwadis.Results: Majority were aware of SN (96.5%) followed by TT immunization (89.4%) and NHED (22%). The most common service utilized by the study subjects was supplementary nutrition (94.3%) followed by NHED (24.1%) and home visit (23.4%). Larger proportion of the study subjects were of opinion that SN food of good quality (57.1%) and almost 96.2% mothers said food was of adequate quantity.Conclusions: Among the eligible expectant and nursing mothers, majority of them utilized supplementary nutrition. Nearly 40% of expectant and nursing mothers were not happy about the quality of food offered to them. Nutrition and health education sessions were attended by only 40% of the eligible mothers.
Inherited bowel cancer: a review from a surgeon’s perspective
Authors: Saeed Mirza Faraz , Ebrahim Basel Maher , Khairi Sara Salah , Varkey Roshan George , Juma Isam Mazin
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer affecting globally. Although most CRCs seen in young adults are sporadic, hereditary cancer syndromes should be considered as an essential factor. Screening for colorectal cancer aids in the early detection and treatment of early-stage CRC; which reduces mortality rates. This review article aimed to present neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps and their management from a surgeon's perspective while describing screening protocols in high-risk groups. It also highlighted the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of adenomatous polyps and hereditary bowel cancer syndromes like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), Cowden syndrome (CS), Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The article summarized the importance of these syndromes as a risk factor in colorectal cancer and identifies these as high-risk group patients in colorectal screening protocols. A summary of the management of these risk factors has been described from a surgeon's point of view.
Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare and livelihood of tribals in Odisha
Authors: Panda Sanghamitra
Published: May 2022

Odisha, one of the front runners among the states in India has been fighting COVID-19 pandemic. To curb the pandemic, many state governments including Odisha have been implementing lockdown and different restrictions at different times. This pandemic is heavily impacting the precious lives and livelihood of human beings across the globe. But this impact is pronounced for the people who live in forests and hill areas mainly- Tribal because of remoteness, ineffective planning and execution from government bodies. So, the lives of tribal are getting worse in passing days in terms of livelihood and health care issues. In addition, the restrictions and lockdown imposition to curb the infection has deteriorated the livelihood of the tribal further. This paper outlines in detail about the impact of COVID-19 in terms of health care issues and livelihood of tribal in Odisha since the outset of the pandemic in early 2020 till date. One new solution is proposed to improve the supply chain system so that the tribal products; agriculture, artefacts, minor forest products (MFPs) can be sold without much hurdle and waiting to improve the livelihood of Tribal. Few steps are also proposed to improve the health of Tribal.
Comparative analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of malaria parasite by microscopy, RDTs (PfHRP-2 & PLDH) and PCR
Authors: Mahjabeen Syeda Sarah , Musa Rania , Salah Rehab , Baig Mirza Asif , Swamy K
Published: May 2022

Blood smear is considered as the gold standard test to diagnose Malaria parasite. The newer RDTs (malaria antigen) are reported to be highly sensitive, specific and time saving as compared to other diagnostic modalities. This test is undertaken to compare the efficacy of PfHRP-2 tests, PLDH and manual technique.

A total of 252 cases of malaria as diagnosed by Composite reference techniquewere studied. The sensitivity of TFM, RDTs and PCR is 71.5%, 84.3% and 82.6% respectively and the specificity is 81.9%, 77.2% and 78.2% respectively.

: The fact that the PCR & RDTs are costly, cannot assess the response of patients to treatment and inability to assess parasitic stage and density, makes the old dictum “Blood smears are the gold standard for the diagnosis of Malaria” to still hold truth.
Evaluation of serum adenosine deaminase activity with reference to dyslipidemia in ischemic heart disease
Authors: Biradar Sunilkumar , Kollur Pampa Reddy B , Raghunandana R  , Desai Girish M , Sajjan Netravati
Published: May 2022

Ischemic health disease is a major health and a modern epidemic which is increasing in India. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Serum adenosine deaminase activity is associated with coronary artery disease.

The present work was done to understand the relation of serum adenosine deaminase activity with dyslipidemia in ischaemic heart disease.

This cross-sectional study comprised 200 subjects; healthy and myocardial infarction. Serum ADA and lipids were estimated. Obtained data was statistically analysed.

Increase in serum ADA activity correlating with dyslipidemia was found in Myocardial infarction subjects.

Increased ADA has role in LDL oxidation, dyslipidemia, foam cell transformation etc. leading to atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.

Adenosine deaminase has a crucial role in the evolution of ischemic heart disease through dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease.
Frozen section evaluation and clinicopathological correlation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma: A study at a regional cancer centre in Western India
Authors: Gandhi Jahnavi , Dhandapani Karthik , Chandithamar Brindha , Gami Amisha , Shah Ashini , Trivedi Priti , Puj Ketul
Published: May 2022

Axillary lymph-node (ALN) involvement is an important prognostic factor in patients with breast carcinoma. Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph-nodes (SLN) is an accurate procedure for its assessment in the clinically node negative cases. Frozen Section Evaluation (FSE) is more widely used for intra operative evaluation of SLNs. Our study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FSE of SLN and to compare SLN positivity with other clinico-pathological parameters. All breast carcinoma cases having FSE of SLNs were studied for a duration of two years and were compared with permanent sections. SLN positivity was also compared with other clinico-pathological parameters. A total of 281 cases were evaluated. 88 cases were positive in FSE while 92 cases were positive in permanent sections (one false-positive and five false-negatives) with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 94.57%, 99.47% and 97.86% respectively. SLN positivity was significantly less in T1 tumors (17.7%; p-0.005), grade I tumors (17%; p-0.040) and in triple negative tumors (15%; p-0.041). In SLN positive cases, T1 tumors showed lesser additional ALN positivity (11.11%) comparing higher T stage tumors (35.71%). FSE of SLNs in breast carcinoma has high sensitivity and accuracy. Even though Micro metastasis and ITCs are the main source of false negative rate, they do not carry much prognostic significance. SLN positivity is significantly less in T1 tumors, grade I tumors and triple negative tumors. T1 tumors with positive SLNs showed lesser additional axillary lymph-node positivity questioning their requirement for further axillary dissection.
Secretory carcinoma of the breast- A rare case report
Authors: Palaniraj S , Gopu G , Jayanthi Bharathi Vidya
Published: May 2022

Secretory carcinoma of breast represent a rare subtype of carcinoma breast with a incidence of less than 0.15%. Though initially thought to be limited to children. Later it was recognised that it may occur in adult as well. It has an indolent course and carries favourable prognosis. It is a slow growing tumour and it is associated with good long-term survival. Breast imaging usually mimics a benign tumour. Immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analysis of tumour are crucial for confirmation of SBC. Currently there is no established guidelines regarding the best treatment strategy for patients with SBC. BCS with sentinel nodes biopsy is at present the first choice treatment. Further research for identification of the specific gene mutation may pave for targeted molecular therapies for this disease.
Cytoplasmic vacuolations in peripheral blood smear: A significant finding that is often ignored: An overview
Authors: Jamal Iffat
Published: May 2022

Cytoplasmic vacuolations are sometimes frequently seen in blood cells on peripheral smear but are often ignored. Presence of such vacuolations can be seen in red blood cells (RBCs) and WBCs (neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). These vacuolations can be true or artefactual. Identifying this a quick, cheap and important way of guiding our diagnosis and treatment.
A study of splanchnic vein thrombosis in cases of acute pancreatitis and its outcome in a tertiary care center
Authors: Chandrashekar S
Published: May 2022

Splanchnic veins thrombosis(SVT) is one of the rare but known complications of Acute Pancreatitis(AP). It mostly involves Splenic vein(SPV), Superior mes enteric vein(SMV) and often Portal vein(PV) either individually or in combination. Though the cause is thought to be multi-factorial, a direct inflammatory process is implicated in the pathogenesis of SVT in AP. SVT can be sometimes an incidental finding in the radiological evaluation, but it also presents with severe pain, portal hypertension, hepatic dysfunction and bowel ischemia in a life-threatening scenario. Present study aims at understanding incidence, pattern, therapy initiated, complications and outcome of SVT in AP.

A serial study of 89 cases of acute pancreatitis who underwent Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography was conducted at tertiary care centre, department of general surgery, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka from the period of January 2021 to June 2021.

Out of 89 cases studied, 62 were male, 27 were female with mean age of 39.5 years. Most common cause of AP was Ethanol abuse, followed by Gallstones, Main pancreatic duct (MPD) anamoly, Anamoly of duodenal papillae and idiopathic. 37(41.57%) Patients had SVT. 31(83.78%) were male, 6 (16.22%) were female. 29 patients received anti-coagulation therapy, out of which 24 showed good response. Out of 8 patients who didn’t receive therapy 3 showed reduction in size of clot by 75%. Hence, anticoagulation has a therapeutic role in treatment of SVT (p- 0.0157).

SVT is one of the known complications in AP with increase in incidence severity and with presence of peripancreatic collection. Spontaneous resolution of SVT is seen in about 40% of patients whereas anticoagulation therapy has a good role.
Disseminated, perforated gastrointestinal stromal tumour of small intestine with meckel’s diverticulitis: A case report
Authors: Karegoudar Jyoti. S. , Beragi Sharanappa
Published: May 2022

A case of perforated gastrointestinal stromal tumour of small intestine with Meckel’s diverticulitis causing acute abdomen is described, with a brief review of literature. A male patient presented with abdominal pain and distention, after evaluation, emergency laparotomy was done. The perforation of tumour in the ileum was found. The perforated part along with the tumour was resected and histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Postoperatively the patient received Imatinib.

Traditionally, the prognostic factors of these tumours are mitotic rate, tumour size and anatomic site. The complete surgical resection and use of Imatinib are the best approach.
Inter thenar skin sparing carpal tunnel release- role of incisions and endoscope - A case report
Authors: Mashalkar Narendra.S.
Published: May 2022

Endoscope in plastic surgery has played a role, wherever minimal scarring is required. An attempt to decrease the length of scar is one of the priorities of a surgeon, as this brings down the chance of scarring, pain and associated morbidity, with decreased hospital stay. Hand is an organ with intricate anatomy and many vital structures are densely packed in hand. This makes the available space scarce for another instrument to add into the hand.

Hence endoscopic intervention in hand is negligible. The margin of error also remains negligible in hand, as it would compromise on the function of hand, which is an absolute necessity.

Aesthetic appearance of hand is not as important as function; nevertheless if possible, one should also consider giving an aesthetic scar with good function of hand and these criteria will be the goal for any hand surgeon.
Анализ прочности дорожной одежды на автомобильных дорогах местного значения Жамбылской области
Authors: Еспаева Г.А. , Бектурсунова Г.С. , Абиев Б.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье приведены наглядные материалы по определению причин разрушения дорожных покрытий на автомобильных дорогах Казахстана местного значения. Приводится ряд факторов, изученные в странах СНГ и дальнего зарубежья, влияющие на снижение фрикционной способности материалов дорожной одежды и значения их прочности сопоставляются с нормативными требованиями. Таким образом, по мнению авторов, основными причинами разрушения дорожных покрытий является слабая их конструкция, которые не удовлетворяют существующим осевым нагрузкам.
Расчѐт системы автоматического регулирования температуры реакционной массы при производстве добавок к бетону на стадии конденсации
Authors: Кичатов Р.В. , Шебалков Д.И. , Кривенко Ф.Э.
Published: May 2022

Предложен подход к построению эффективности производства добавок к бетону. Произведѐн поиск оптимальных настроек системы автоматического регулирования (САР) температуры реакционной массы и произведѐн анализ переходных процессов в САР.
Использование общих теорем динамики для исследования движения сложных механических систем
Authors: Орлянская Т.И.
Published: May 2022

Рассматривается методика использования общих теорем динамики для определения ускорений движения тел и отдельных точек тел в механической системе с двумя степенями свободы.
Оценка вязкости моторных масел
Authors: Суфиянов Р.Ш.
Published: May 2022

Вязкость моторных масел является важным параметром во многом определяющим надежность работы современных двигателей, которые эксплуатируются в разных климатических условиях. От качества производимых моторных масел во многом зависит надежность работы двигателей. Контрафактные моторные масла отличает, в том числе и тот факт, что они не обладают стабильной вязкостью и не могут обеспечить необходимую смазку узлам трения и вязкость может служить одним из показателей их качества.
Machine vision: history of development and fields of application
Authors: Shkirdov R.V. , Zhukova Y.V.
Published: May 2022

This article describes the main stages of development and fields of machine vision application that has a number of advantages over human vision. It is important to note that the major tasks of machine vision systems are to obtain a digital image, image processing in order to highlight significant information in the image, and mathematical analysis of the obtained data to solve the tasks. Accordingly, it is important to develop this area of science.
Анализ некоторых нейросетевых систем идентификации изображений
Authors: Антонов В.В. , Офицеров В.П.
Published: May 2022

В статье анализируются варианты использования нейронных сетей и связанных с ними систем для обнаружения объектов. Рассматриваются и сравниваются параметры рассматриваемых конфигураций нейронных сетей.
Сестры милосердия Георгиевской общины в войнах России второй половины XIX – начала XX вв.
Authors: Карпенко И.В. , Голубкин Д.О.
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены сведения об участии сестер Общины Святого Георгия в Балканской (1877-178 гг.), русско-японской (1904-05 гг.) и Первой мировой войне (1914-1918 гг.). Отмечено, что община являлась одной из первых в Петербурге главной целью которой была подготовка сестер милосердия. Показан тяжелый, а нередко и героический труд сестер общины на театре военных действий в качестве сестер милосердия в госпиталях, лазаретах и военно-санитарных поездах. Отражена роль сестринских общин в решении проблемы дефицита медицинских кадров среднего звена в русской армии.
Умножение на ноль с учетом множества совокупных чисел
Authors: Полякова И.С.
Published: May 2022

В статье изучено умножение на ноль действительных чисел и рассуждение о том, что равенства 0/a=0 b a*0=0 являются неверными. В статье определено основное уравнение совокупного множества as ∙0 = a – где a ϵ R. Если умножить на 0 левую и правую части основного уравнения совокупного множества, то можно получить: as*02=a*0. Таким образом, при умножении вещественного числа на ноль будет ноль второго порядка, умноженный на соответственное вещественному число из совокупного множества. А при делении ноля на действительное число мы возвращаемся в совокупное множество: 0/a=1/as.
Комплексное преобразование ландшафта жилой территории (на примере жилого комплекса «Гармония» в городе Архангельске)
Authors: Квашнина Е.А. , Сунгурова Н.Р.
Published: May 2022

Вопросы комплексного преобразования городской среды набирают все большую актуальность в настоящее время. Рассматриваются объекты, имеющие важный урбанистический статус, предназначенные для социально-политической и экономической коммуникации горожан. В настоящей статье представлены результаты исследования территории жилого комплекса «Гармония» от компании ООО «Архинвестресурс» в городе Архангельске и представлены рекомендации по озеленению объекта. В статье рассматривается проектное исследование территории и перспективное развитие объектов ландшафтной архитектуры на примере жилого комплекса «Гармония» в городе Архангельске.
Investigating the Effects of Instructional Humor in Multimedia Learning when Humor Pre-Disposition, Prior-Knowledge, and Working Memory are Controlled
Authors: Dorambari Diedon
Published: May 2022

This study examined whether instructional humor (IH) was not just another type of seductive detail when covariates such as humor pre-disposition, prior-knowledge, and working memory capacity were controlled. Participants were students (N = 228) from universities who were randomly assigned two stimuli conditions in the classic experimental design. The data analysis involved a MANCOVA in SPSS and ANCOVA in R-WRS2 package (for DVs with non-homogenous variances) to control the covariates. The data from both null hypothesis significance testing and Bayesian factor design analysis showed that the data were in favor of outcomes which demonstrated that although IHCALM was funnier (p < .01) it was not another type of a seductive detail that harmed learning (p > 0.05). It was less interesting (p < .01), yet made the participants more aware of what they did not learn (p < 0.01). The practical and theoretical implications of teaching with IHCALM were also discussed.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Bowenian Family Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy (ACT) on Cognitive Emotion Regulation of Mothers with One Child
Authors: Koranian Farahnaz , Arefi Mokhtar , Amiri Hasan
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the difficulty in regulating the emotion of mothers with one child. Methods: This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with only one child of preschool age in Kermanshah kindergartens in 2019. A total of 45 people were selected through convenience sampling and 15 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected in the pretest-posttest stages with a scale of difficulty in emotion regulation (Grotz and Roemer, 2004). After pre-testing, members of the two experimental groups participated separately in eight 1.5-hour weekly sessions of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Bowenian family therapy and the effect of acceptance and commitment based therapy on difficulty in emotion regulation in individuals is significant (P<0.05). Also, differences in the two treatment groups for the dimensions of emotional rejection, difficulty in performing behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited access, and lack of clarity, respectively, the amount of F statistic; 4.771, 4.461, 3.524, 3.399 and 5.720 with significant levels were 0.026, 0.005, 0.011, 0.001, 0.003 and 0.009, respectively. The results of Bowenian test showed that due to the size of the differences, the effectiveness of acceptance-based and commitment-based therapy in combining with other interventions on the difficulty of emotion regulation and its related components was higher (P <0.05). Conclusion: Psychologists, when faced with problems of mother-child interaction, evaluate the mother in terms of the level of cognitive emotion regulation and other psychological variables affecting emotion regulation and use effective treatment methods if there is a problem.
The Usefulness of Left Subcostal Transverse Ultrasound Scan with a Right Lateral Decubitus Position for Pancreas Tail Lesions
Authors: Lee Jae Joon
Published: May 2022

Pancreas tail lesions are often missed on ultrasound examination. Several scan techniques can be used to detect pancreas tail lesions, such as epigastric oblique scans, transsplenic scans, and left subcostal transverse scans with a right lateral decubitus position. Some pancreas tail lesions are detected on left subcostal transverse scans with a right lateral decubitus position that are not detected with other scan techniques. Thus, left subcostal transverse scans with a right lateral decubitus position are better than other scan techniques for detecting pancreas tail lesions.
Asymptomatic Pyriform Sinus Tract Easily Mistaken for Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Hwang Yoon-A , Kwak Jin Young , Shin Dong Yeob
Published: May 2022

A pyriform sinus tract/fistula is a rare clinical condition where remnants of the third or fourth pharyngeal pouches extend into the pyriform sinus, forming an internal tract. Common initial presentations of pyriform sinus tract/fistulas are cervical cystic masses in neonates or cervical infections in children but there have been a few reported cases of incidental detection of pyriform sinus tracts in adults. A 62-year-old man was referred from a local clinic for evaluation of a hypoechoic thyroid nodule with calcifications on ultrasonography (US). He had no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction or infection and was euthyroid on laboratory results. Neck US was re-performed in our institution and an air-containing nodule was observed in the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland. Esophagography was performed to identify this lesion, revealing an obstructed sac structure communicating with the left pyriform sinus. The patient was diagnosed with a pyriform sinus and referred to an otolaryngologist.