bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of the Effects of Electronic Dictionaries on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Tavakoli Sara , Akbari Omid
Published: November 2020

This research examined the L2 learners’ use of electronic dictionaries compared to printed dictionaries. Nowadays, with the advancement and growth of technology, there has been a shift of trend from traditional paper dictionaries to online and electronic dictionaries. In this study the learners’ questionnaire, a reading textbook, a paper dictionary, an electronic dictionary, a reading comprehension test, and the semi-structured interviews were employed as instruments. At first, two questionnaires and the semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the attitudes and beliefs of EFL learners in relation to the effectiveness of paper and electronic dictionaries on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension. TOEFL Reading Flash: The Quick Way to Build Reading Power by Milada Broukal (1997) was used as the reading textbook. The Seventh edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary authored by Hornby (2005) was chosen as the paper dictionary. The other dictionary used in this study was an equivalent electronic version of Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary on a CD-ROM as the electronic dictionary. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 20) was used in order to analyze required statistics. A series of paired-sample t tests were run to examine the learners' reading comprehension scores. In addition, a series of chi-square tests were run to analyze the questionnaires. As results showed, electronic dictionary use has positive effect on learners’ reading comprehension skills and also electronic dictionaries help learners’ vocabulary learning. The implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
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Authors: Brown Angela Khristin
Published: November 2020

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The Man Who Never Returned From War: Considerations on Trauma Theory and History in Rebecca West’s The Return of the Soldier
Authors: Borille Denise
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at analyzing the effects of trauma and history in Rebecca West’s novel The Return of The Soldier (1918) and, more specifically, how men and women got equally affected by trauma in the First War. Chris Baldry returns from the battlegrounds affected by shell-shock disorder and his traumatic amnesia prevents him from recollecting what his life was like before the War. The three women living in his house (his wife, whom he no longer recognizes; Chris’s ex-lover, Margaret, who still loves him, and his cousin, Jenny). 

In fact, Chris’s debilitated mental health comes as a shock to the three women in his life. The drama lived by these three women grows out of proportion as the psychiatrist, Dr. Anderson, intervenes in favor of recovering his patient’s “complete case of amnesia” and leads a trial-like interrogation of Baldry’s pre-war life. Their confessions generate hostility, but, rather than dividing the group of women, they promote reflection on the frailty and vulnerability of men.

In symbolic terms, the house where the three women live represents a kind of “laboratory” from which they observe war and formulate their views of it. Through the complex psychological interplay among the women living under the same roof, war is shown from the “home front.” It may also be said that the three women act as listeners and, in so doing, they may offer considerable help towards Chris’s possible recovery.
Colonial Violence in French-Algeria and Leopold's Congo in Edmund Dene Morel’s King Leopold’s Rule in Africa (1904) and Henri Alleg’s La question (1958)
Authors: Siber Mouloud
Published: November 2020

Relying on Frantz Fanon’s[3] notion of colonial violence and Hannah Arendt’s[2] theory of violence and its relation with power, this paper argued that Edmund Dene Morel’s King Leopold’s Rule in Africa (1904)[7] and Henri Alleg’s La question (1958)[1] hold similar views on European aggression in Africa. The two texts emphasise physical and psychological violence caused by Europeans on Algerians and Congolese. Physical violence takes the forms of torture, mutilation and the beating of “natives” by colonial agents or their mercenaries. Psychological one is embodied in terror and humiliation exercised on “natives.” Besides, the authors sustain that violence and torture cause the death of “natives,” either because of premeditated murder/ slaughter or due to their degraded physical condition after being tortured. Because this violence was premeditated, the authors contributed to raising it as an issue, or ‘une question’ in French, that needed the attention of metropolitan public opinion. Their efforts to denounce violence and aggression show that colonial power lies on false grounds.
A Comparative study of Shakespeare and Hafiz’s sonnets, based on the Horace’s motif of Carpe Diem
Authors: Comcar Milad , Movaghati Sina
Published: November 2020

Carpe Diem which means “enjoy, seize, use, and make use of” is a term taken from ode I. XI of Horace and has become a very common motif in literature ever since. Many poets throughout history have used this motif. But what are the main tenets of the motif in Horace’s odes? This article tries to show the main tenets of Carpe Diem according to Horace. These tenets are: tomorrow, living in the present and drinking wine; we try to apply the discussed elements on two sonnets of the greatest sonneteers of all times in two different countries. That of England’s William Shakespeare’s sonnet 73 and that of Persia’s Hafiz’s sonnet 473; we strive to see to what extent time has affected the concept of Carpe Diem in the poems; and to what extent the sonnets of Shakespeare and Hafiz followed the pattern of Horace’s Carpe Diem.
Collocational Restrictions of English Phrasal Verbs
Authors: Elgobshawi Abdalla Elkheir
Published: November 2020

Idioms and phrasal verbs constitute a highly considerable portion of the English vocabulary and their mastery is often indicated as a native like competence. They pose many difficulties to foreign learners because of their syntactic and semantic abnormalities. On semantic terms phrasal verbs, and idiomatic ones in particular, are viewed as phrases which do not correspond to their literal meanings. Syntactically they could be recognized by their idiosyncratic behavior which often defies the usual syntactic operations. The view of idioms and phrasal verbs as bits of frozen units provides only little possibility of syntactic and sematic flexibility. This paper attempts to trace the flexibility of the structure of phrasal verbs with reference to the collocational restrictions that govern their structures.
The 'Idol' of Prophet Muhammad in Greene’s Alphonsus
Authors: Al-Olaqi Fahd Mohammed Taleb
Published: November 2020

The image of Prophet Muhammad (570-632) is entirely inaccurate in Early Modern Drama. A ridiculous form of the name of the Prophet, 'Mahomet', was an artifact of abuse, distortion and misrepresentation placed at the focus of Western prejudgment of Islam. It is worth exploring the way myth works in relation to Greene’s Alphonsus, in order to understand better Renaissance views of Prophet Muhammad. His only prejudice seems to be against Prophet Muhammad in representing his image in a speaking brazen head. The Mediaeval tradition maintained its dislike of the Prophet himself as a dreadful deity who had established his doctrines by his resolution and his arms, but whose faith subsequently became more generous of error than he would have adored. Greene presented a striking antipathy to the Prophet and Islam. It is a heathenish image to tarnish the Turkish theology. Greene's Amurack essentially represents Islam for the Elizabethan audience in which he was defeated in front of the Christian hero Alphonsus.  Greene’s play influences the political and ideological conflicts between the Turks and the Christendom.
ESL Learners’ English Pronunciation Errors: A Systematic Error rather than Accidental
Authors: Alaga Nathalie Ann Cabonce
Published: November 2020

ESL learners of English language encounter problems in producing correct pronunciation of the English words. This study determined the pronunciation errors on English vowel, consonant and digraph sounds among BS Psychology students. This study employed face – to – face oral pronunciation test. Mispronunciation was looked into as a result of the interference of L1 pronunciation. L1 phonological sounds have fossilized in the phonological knowledge of the ESL learners. Lastly, the spelling structure of the words gives confusion to the learners to pronounce the words. This concluded that pronunciation errors are systematic. This also led to a recommendation that teaching pronunciation should be given an intensive focus for enhancing the pronunciation errors and difficulty of the ESL learners.
Merlin the Political, Spiritual and Romantic Shape-Shifter in Robert de Boron’s, Joseph of Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: The Trilogy of Prose Romances and Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
Authors: Buckley Gloria Roxanne
Published: November 2020

Merlin as an allegorical character has been dwelling in caves and forests casting spells and operating as a political, spiritual and romantic shape-shifter within our minds for centuries.     Merlin’s shape-shifting and clairvoyance dates back to Greek mythology with Tiresias who shape-shifts gender and sees all as a blind seer.  Much like Merlin our early seer sees the future as it is happening and offers truthful forecasts of fate (Schutz 277).  An examination of the Trilogy and The Faerie Queene shall reveal that Merlin whether rooted in Christian scripture or Christian Cabalistic Imperialistic white magic has remained throughout the centuries as a truly omnipresent shape-shifter through his props and has created a legend of spiritual, political and romantic transcendence. Robert and Spenser utilized Merlin for different purposes, Robert to foster Christianity and Spenser to foster the strength of the monarchy.  Ultimately, both writers created a humanistic character that would change the course of events.
Riding's poetry in the Theory of Gynocriticism
Authors: Kord Gharachorlou Tahmineh , Yaghobi Derabi Javad
Published: November 2020

Laura Riding Jackson is one of the influential poets of the early twentieth century in America. As a matter of fact, it is for her poetry, however, that Riding is best known, and her poems reflect her commitment to write with truth. In the other words, she knows poetry a process of a degree of awareness to recognize the capacity to know selfhood. Further, her accuracy as a writer lies in her extreme seriousness about the act of writing poems, with no attention to the outside. Nevertheless, the critics know her poems as a game, not something valuable to consider. Therefore, in the heart of traditional poetic language of masculinity, she continues her way of 'female phase' of Showalter, toward poetic history. Showalter's gynocritism is a framework for women in which a woman can judge a woman's literature womanly. Present research is looking at Laura Riding Jackson's some poems through Showalter's cultural view of 'female phase' of her gynocriticism.
Teacher – Student Interaction in the English Classroom: A Case Study in a Single Sex School
Authors: Ukhrowi Wim banu , Suharsono Suharsono , Suwono Suwono
Published: November 2020

This study aims to know the pattern of teacher – student conversation in English class in a single sex class. The data were obtained from a private Islamic bilingual high school Jombang. The study used qualitative approach. The data are based on the observations of the classroom and video recordings during three meetings in each class (female and male class). The theory used in the study was conversational analysis proposed by Paul Ten Have. There are four types of conversation analysis. They are turn – taking organization, sequence organization, repair organization, and preference organization. The result showed that the highest number of conversation analysis type was turn – taking organization followed by sequence organization (adjacency pairs) and the preference organization and the lowest number was repair organization. The pattern of teacher student conversation was influenced by several factors such as the topics discussed, the teaching – learning method used by the teacher, the rules of Islamic regulations and the teacher’s strategy in giving extra score to the students. Method. From the results it can be concluded that there were no marked differences of the pattern of teacher – student conversation found in the class of female student and male student only. The teacher had succeeded in the teaching and learning process without considering the gender of the students.
Optimizing Students’ Ability in Writing Recount Text Through Shared Writing Strategy using Social Media “Facebook” in The Eleventh Grade
Authors: Hamidah Nur
Published: November 2020

In the Era of technology, social media is the most popular one. There are a lot of social media but Facebook has more users than others. Almost all students have Facebook and interested in learning using technology in the class, especially writing recount text. So that, the teacher chose a strategy was combined with the use of technology in teaching and learning process. Shared writing strategy was chosen as the strategy which can combine with social media “Facebook”. Therefore, this strategy is aimed at describing the implementation of shared writing strategy using social media “Facebook”, the students’ working writing recount text, and the students’ response to the use of shared writing strategy using social media “Facebook”. The design of this study was a descriptive qualitative. Field notes, checklist, students’ shared writing strategy using social media “Facebook”, students’ task, and interview were used as instruments of collecting data. To analyze the data, the researcher used data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion. Some findings obtained from this study indicated the media is very useful and helpful. The students were interested with shared writing strategy using social media “Facebook” have done. The finding showed that the ability of the students was varied. Not all students reached the writing criteria from O’Malley and Pierce’s scoring rubric.
Search for ‘Self’ in Jamaica Kincaid’s Annie John, Lucy and See Now Then
Authors: Verma Archana
Published: November 2020

The subject of ‘self’ is a much wider concept which amalgamates the cultural issues and the social issues which eventually leads to the identity crisis of a black women. The study of Kincaid’s novels recapitulates the idea of the fight of an individual self right from the beginning till the end of life. The three novels run in continuation and present the different stages of a woman’s life and the struggle which she encounters at the every phase of life. This paper also contemplates the idea that a woman never fails to strive for her identity even in the adverse circumstances.
Equal Effectiveness of Kumon Method of Teaching Mathematics among Boys & Girls
Authors: Ashraf Jameela
Published: November 2020

The study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Kumon method in comparison with traditional method in the teaching of Mathematics to grade-5. Kumon is a math and reading enrichment program, which provides practice and instruction to each individual. This helps the students to think and work independently. The hypothesis of this experimental study was that in Mathematics, Grade-5 students have no significant difference in their academic achievement treated by Kumon method and by traditional lecture method. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Kumon teaching method for academic achievement of children in Mathematics. All grade-5 students of Fazaia inter colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was the population. Cluster sampling technique was used. One of the three Fazaia colleges (junior section) was selected randomly. All grade-5 students of the selected cluster formed the sample of the study. The study was conducted in two phases at two different time periods applying the same procedure, the same teachers but the groups were different.  Data was collected and analyzed by applying t-test and recommendations were given on the basis of findings of the study. This experimental research shows that Kumon method is more effective for teaching mathematics to Grade 5 students in comparison with traditional lecture method. It also shows that Kumon method is equally helpful in teaching mathematics effectively to boys and girls.
Elementary Teacher Candidates’ Opinions About Science and Scientific Research
Authors: KAYA Zehra , EMRE İrfan
Published: November 2020

The concept of nature of science, which deals with the structure of science and scientific research methods, has a very important place in science education. However, teachers, teacher candidates, and students have various scientific myths. In this study, elementary teacher candidates’ views of nature of science was examined. This non-experimental quantitative study was designed by using a survey method with participation of 119 (63 female and 56 male) elementary teacher candidates. Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (SUSSI) was used to determine elementary teacher candidates’ views of nature of science. The survey consists of 24 items with six factor. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results show that the teacher candidates had mostly transitional/mixed or less informed views related to the objectivity of scientists, variation in their observations, scientific laws as proven theories, social and cultural effects on science, and creativity and imagination. On the other hand, they had scientifically sufficient knowledge regarding that there is not a single scientific way in the formation of scientific knowledge and that experiments are not the only way to produce scientific knowledge. In addition, no significant gender difference was observed in terms of teacher candidates’ opinions related to nature of science.
Influence of Glyphosate in the Fungus Trichoderma Harzianum Coming from Rhizoctonia Solani in Huancayo 2019
Authors:   Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú, Torre Elsa Xiomara Medrano De La , Guerra Verónica Nelly Canales
Published: November 2020

The objective of this research is to determine the influence of glyphosate on the conidia count of the Trichoderma harzianum fungus grown under laboratory conditions. This fungus is found in all types of soil, but it is more important in those for agricultural use where they fulfill a beneficial function. Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used in the elimination of weeds and shrubs, its effect can be extended to beneficial fungi and its permanence in the soil exceeds the specifications in the data sheet. For this reason, the culture of T. harzianum is carried out under direct exposure with different concentrations of glyphosate, the average dose (1 ml) in the investigation arises from that recommended by the manufacturer of the product and four more are established, two major doses (1.25 ml and 1.50 ml) and two minor doses (0.50 ml and 0.75 ml). Data was collected using observation tokens. All doses were observed to decrease the number of conidia including the mean 1 ml dose producing a 54% reduction compared to the control sample. The doses of 1.25 ml and 1.50 ml reduce up to 65% and 81% respectively. Therefore, this herbicide negatively influences the growth of the fungus and consequently inhibits its beneficial actions.
Improving Learners’ Design Thinking in Information Technology Course via “4+1” Iterative Model
Authors:   Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097 China, Su Qi , Xu Jinlei
Published: November 2020

Design thinking as a human-centered and problem-solving method can provide ways for ill-structured and complicated problems. It is also as an ability which can stimulate creative thinking and cultivate creative ability. Based on D.School five-step model, a new instructional framework of design thinking called “4+1” iterative model was constructed. Four-week classroom study was carried out with the experimental and control group to explore the effect of the new model in Information Technology course in a middle school. The result showed there were obvious differences between the two groups on the awareness of creation and design, the ability of understanding and making, and the awareness of cooperation and sharing. From the result of the satisfaction of the classroom, the degree of the satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than those in the control group. There was also obvious difference between the two groups on the satisfaction of the classroom. It showed that it could be widely applied in the classroom and promote the innovation of the traditional instruction.
Compliment Response in Teacher-Student Interaction: Examples from ICT Platforms
Authors:   University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China, Yang Fan , He Shuyan , Qi Linyi , Wen Jing
Published: November 2020

The recent development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) allows online platforms including Moodle to be applied in education. This paper, having looking through research on compliment responses from different perspectives, intends to conduct an empirical research to explore patterns and functions of teacher-student compliment response in ICT platforms of an English course in a Chinese Research University. The findings of this study suggest that in ICT platform setting, Chinese EFL students tend to choose agreement strategy when responding to teachers’ compliments, and that teachers tend to use compliments as approval of students’ work. The research also indicates that ICT platforms might help facilitate meaningful teacher-student interaction after class, thus making language education more motivating and engaging.
Hablemos de política educativa en América Latina y el Caribe #3: ¿Una década perdida?: Los costos educativos de la crisis sanitaria en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Acevedo Ivonne , Castro Eleno , Fernández-Coto Raquel , Flores Iván , Pérez Alfaro Marcelo , Székely Miguel , Zoido Pablo
Published: November 2020

Este estudio presenta datos concretos sobre los efectos negativos del COVID-19 en los resultados de los sistemas educativos de en América Latina y el Caribe. Se estima que al menos, 1,2 millones de niños y jóvenes serían excluidos de sus sistemas educativos. En una región donde más de 7,69 millones de jóvenes y niños no asisten de forma regular a la escuela, el costo de la pandemia representa un aumento de un 17% en la exclusión educativa y una perdida de más de la mitad de lo alcanzado en la última década. La pandemia también tendrá consecuencias importantes en la capacidad de los jóvenes para encontrar trabajo, se estima que más de 2,7 millones de jóvenes entre 18 y 23 años se sumarán a los casi 12,95 millones ya antes de la pandemia ni estudiaban ni trabajaban de forma remunerada, un aumento del 21%.
Hydrodynamic fields evolution in a deformed near–well zone of a fractured reservoir
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Petrov Mikhail N. , Nesterova Galina V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Yeltsov Igor N. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: November 2020

The paper considers a numerical model of two–phase filtration in a fractured–porous reservoir exposed by a production well operating in the depletion mode of the reservoir. The change in hydrodynamic fields in the near–well zone is considered depending on the development conditions.
Signal enhancement in seismic data and in the migration process: appliation to 2D seismic exploration data
Authors:   Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Russia, Protasov Maxim I. , Neklyudov Dmitry A. ,   Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Russia, Meretskiy Alexandr A. ,   Ltd “KrasnoyarskNipiNeft”, Russia
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of testing two procedures: signal enhancement by local coherent summation of the seismic data and object–oriented migration along Gaussian beams. Both of these procedures provide extraction and accumulation of a useful seismic signal (primarily reflected waves). In the first case, this process is implemented directly on the seismic data, while in the migration procedure the useful signal is accumulated due to the properties of Gaussian beams. The procedures tested on the 2D real seismic data obtained in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Resolution of the time reversal method for acoustic emission events recovery in core samples
Authors:   Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Reshetova Galina V.
Published: November 2020

An approach to localizing the events of acoustic emission by the time reversal method based on the analysis of the total energy of the wave process is proposed. Based on the results of numerical modeling, the resolution of the method was investigated depending on the dominant frequency of acoustic emission signals and the number of recording channels. It was shown that even for frequencies of the order of 250–500 kHz, it is possible to localize acoustic emission events on samples of standard size with a diameter of 30 mm.событий акустической эмиссии в образцах керна
Maping the Barsukovskaya cave by passive seismic method of standing waves
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Fedin Konstantin V. , Kolesnikov Yury I. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Ngomayezwe Luckymore ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russia
Published: November 2020

The karst cave was mapped using microseisms recorded on the earth's surface. The research method is based on the effect of standing waves generation by microseisms over the cave. The accumulation of amplitude spectra of microseisms allows one to determine the frequencies of the first few modes of these waves. A map of frequency of lowest mode was constructed at the survey site. This map shows the structure of the cave in plan, as confirmed by a comparison with the cave scheme drawn up earlier by cavers.
First application of SanMcs technology to marine seismics
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Khogoeva Ekaterina E. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russia, Khogoev Evgeny A. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia; Altay–Sayan Division of Geophysical Survey of SB RAS, Russia, Kjerstad Jostein K. ,   Offshore Resource Group AS (ORG), Norway, Rosland Børge O. ,   Offshore Resource Group AS (ORG), Norway
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of first application of microsesismic spectral analysis developed to land seismics to marine seismic data. Principal difference in algorithmical and methodological aspects are described. Agreement between the anomalies on microseismic spectrum in the range of 4–8 and 12–16 Hz and known hydrocarbon depositions is shown.
Model–parameterization scaling for improving accuracy of seismic tomography in reconstructing near–surface velocity model
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Chernyshov Gleb S. , Duchkov Anton A. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russia; Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Nikitin Aleksander A. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Kulakov Ivan Yu. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia
Published: November 2020

The problem of tomographic inversion is non–unique and requires regularization to solve it in a stable manner. It is highly non–trivial to choose between various regularization approaches or tune the regularization parameters themselves. We study the influence of one particular regularization parameter on the resolution and accuracy the tomographic inversion for the near–surface model building. We propose another regularization parameter, which allows to increase the accuracy of model building.
Reservoir digital model constructed on the base of borehole environment multiphysical model collection
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Chernik Nikita M. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russia, Sobolev Andrey Y. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia; Novosibirsk state technical university, Russia, Nesterova Galina V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Yeltsov Igor N. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia; Novosibirsk state technical university, Russia
Published: November 2020

A subsystem for the search for a digital multiphysical model of the near–wellbore zone of reservoir layers has been created, which most closely matches the data known about the reservoir, including well logging data, as well as for the automated re–calculation of such models in the relational system for storing, searching, calculating electrical logging signals and visualization ATLAS MFM, developed at INGG SB RAS.
Economic assessment of accumulated environmental damage within the territory of the Komsomol gold plant
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, Kalgashkina Tatyana D. , Provornaya Irina V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia
Published: November 2020

In this work, the method of integrated assessment is used to determine the economic assessment of accumulated environmental damage within the Komsomol gold recovery plant. Authors did the economic assessment of environmental damage to water and land resources caused by the plant's economic activities was calculated. The result of the work is the determination of the total assessment of environmental damage from the activities of the Komsomol gold recovery factory, which is 458,182 thousand rubles.
Classification of stages of development of the fuel and energy balance structure taking into account the economic ecologization factor
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Nemov Vasiliy Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of the global energy market, highlights the key stages and gives their distinctive characteristics. Steady tendencies of each stage are revealed taking into account the dynamics and structure of changes in the fuel and energy balance at the level of macroregions and individual countries. It is shown that the dynamics and structure of the use of various energy carriers is uneven throughout the continuation of the development of human society. Particular attention is paid to the greening of the economy, the study of the causes and consequences of increased CO2 emissions, the impact on the economy.
Evaluation of the discount rate for oil and gas companies
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russia, Niyazbekova Danna B. , Komarova Anna V. ,   IEIE SB RAS, Russia
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work is to justify the calculation of the discount rate and assess the factors affecting it for oil and gas companies. Based on the results of the study, discount rates for nine oil and gas companies were calculated and compared in three ways: the financial asset valuation model (CAPM), the weighted average cost of capital model (WACC), and the cumulative method. An econometric analysis of the discount rate is carried out.
Development of oil and gas transportation directions in the regions of the world
Authors:   Institute of oil and gas Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, Provornaya Irina V.
Published: November 2020

The paper analyzes the development of oil and gas supplies to the world market. The structure of oil and gas imports and exports is revealed. It is shown that taking into account the annual growth of global energy consumption, there is an increase in the supply of carbohydrates. The modern global energy supply system is highly international in nature.
The Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With Lipid Profile Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Samimagham Hamidreza , Bargak Mariana , Ghasemzadeh Mehran , Kazemi Jahromi Mitra
Published: November 2020

The high risk of lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between glycated hemoglobin )HbA1c( and lipid profile levels in T2D patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 802 T2D patients, aged≥ 40 years, visiting the Abu Reyhan Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Serum lipid profiles were measured by the enzymatic method. Diabetes was defined based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. The association of HbA1c and estimated glomeruli filtration rate (eGFR) with lipid profile indices was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient test and linear regression model. The mean±SD age of participants (27.7% of men) was 53.55±5.56 years. The mean±SD of HbA1c and eGFR for all subjects were 8.97±2.14 and 86.30±17.48, respectively. In this study,a positive association was observed between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r=0.619, β=0.635), total cholesterol (r=0.165, β=0.188), triglycerides (r=0.103, β=0.095), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.162, β=0.173), (P<0.01). Also, an inverse association has been observed between eGFR level and TGs (r=-0.08, β=-0.096) and FBS (r=- 0.123, β=-0.172), (P<0.05). Our findings suggested that HbA1c is not only an applicable predictor of longterm glycaemic control but also can be considered as a potential biomarker for predicting lipid abnormalities in T2D patients.
Automatic Sleep Stage Classification Using 1D Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Salamatian Asma , Khadem Ali
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Sleep is one of the necessities of the body, such as eating, drinking, etc., that affects different aspects of human life. Sleep monitoring and sleep stage classification play an important role in the diagnosis of sleeprelated diseases and neurological disorders. Empirically, classification of sleep stages is a time-consuming, tedious, and complex task, which heavily depends on the experience of the experts. As a result, there is a crucial need for an automatic efficient sleep staging system. Materials and Methods: This study develops a 13-layer 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using singlechannel Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal for extracting features automatically and classifying the sleep stages. To overcome the negative effect of an imbalance dataset, we have used the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). In our study, the single-channel EEG signal is given to a 1D CNN, without any feature extraction/selection processes. This deep network can self-learn the discriminative features from the EEG signal. Results: Applying the proposed method to sleep-EDF dataset resulted in overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Precision of 94.09%, 74.73%, 96.43%, and 71.02%, respectively, for classifying five sleep stages. Using single-channel EEG and providing a network with fewer trainable parameters than most of the available deep learning-based methods are the main advantages of the proposed method. Conclusion: In this study, a 13-layer 1D CNN model was proposed for sleep stage classification. This model has an end-to-end complete architecture and does not require any separate feature extraction/selection and classification stages. Having a low number of network parameters and layers while still having high classification accuracy, is the main advantage of the proposed method over most of the previous deep learning-based approaches.
Light-Emitting Diode Based Photoacoustic Imaging System
Authors: Najafzadeh Ebrahim , Farnia Parastoo , Ahmadian Alireza , Ghadiri Hossein
Published: November 2020

Purpose: A Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) as a non-invasive hybrid imaging modality has the potential to be used in a wide range of pre-clinical and clinical applications. There are different optical excitation sources that affect the performance of PAI systems. Our goal is proving the capability of the Light-Emitting Diode (LED) based PAI system for imaging of objects in different depths. Materials and Methods: In this study the Full Width of Half Maximum (FWHM) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) of LED-based PAI system is evaluated using agar, and Poly-Vinyl Alcohol Cryogel (PVA-C) phantoms. Results: The results show that axial and lateral FWHM of the photoacoustic image in agar phantom 1%, are 0.59 and 1.16 mm, respectively. It is capable of distinguishing objects about 250 µm. Furthermore, one of the main improvements of photoacoustic images is achieved by proposed LED-based system that is a 26% higher CNR versus the ultrasound images. Conclusion: Therefore, the provided technical characteristics in this study have made designed LED-based PAI system as a suitable tool for preclinical and clinical imaging.
Uropathogens antibiotic susceptibility as an indicator for the empirical therapy used for urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Luty Raad Saad , Fadil Adil Ghalib , Najm Jasim Mohammed , Abduljabbar Hala Haitham , Kashmar Sarmad Abdul Abbas
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection affects people of different ages. It is important to explore the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacterial agents to improve the empirical antibacterial prescription because of emerging of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 322 patients with UTI at the largest hospital at the center of Al-Basrah Governorate in the far south of Iraq from August 2018 to November 2019. Bacterial isolates from urine samples with significant bacteria were investigated by automated VITEK® 2 compact system to determine the causative bacteria and their antibiotics susceptibility. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the first and second most frequent Gram-negative isolates, whereas Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis were the first and second most frequent Gram-positive isolates. Fosfomycin, tigecycline, colistin, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin had high susceptibility rates against Gram-negative isolates. Nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, daptomycin, teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid had a high effect against Gram-positive isolates. Conclusion: The leading causative isolates especially the most predominant Gram-negative isolates E. coli and K. pneumoniae show high resistance rates against important antibiotics including penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitors piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime cefepime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which call for reconsidering them for treatment of UTI.
Survey of Salmonella infections in broiler farms in Iran during 2013-2014: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ansari Fereshteh , Bokaie Saied , Peighambari Seyed Mostafa , Fallah Mohammad Hosein , Tehrani Farshad , Rajab Abolfazl , Ghafouri Seyed Ali , Shabani Maryam , Pourjafar Hadi
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella at broiler breeder farms of Iran and investigate the factors underlying salmonellosis in these farms. This is a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 23 provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 139 broiler breeder farms in the country and standard bacteriological tests were carried out on the samples for the isolation of Salmonella. The serological tests were then applied for the samples that were positive in the bacteriological test. The information on the sampled farms extracted from the Iran GIS-VET Monitoring and Surveillance System was used for the analysis of the risk factors. Results: A total of 11 farms out of the 139 sampled farms were infected with Salmonella with the largest number of infected cases related to Tehran and Fars Provinces. Conclusion: The statistical analysis results showed that flocks with older ages and farms with larger number of houses are at greater risk of Salmonella infection.
The isolation of exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria from lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) sap
Authors: Ma'unatin Anik , Harijono Harijono , Zubaidah Elok , Rifa'i Muhaimin
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) is widely grown in Indonesia and one of its products is palm sap. Palm sap contains a high level of sugar, making it suitable as a medium to increase the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). This study aimed to isolate the EPS-producing LAB from palm sap and evaluate its EPS production. LAB isolation was carried out on MRS agar containing 0.5% CaCO3 . Materials and Methods: The screening and production of EPS were carried out on MRS media supplemented with 10% sucrose. The molecular identification of the selected EPS-producing LAB was based on 16S rDNA. A quantitative analysis of EPS polymer dry mass and total sugar was conducted using one-way ANOVA. Results: In this study, five EPS-producing LABs were found: Fructobacillus fructosus N4, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N5, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N9, and Fructobacillus fructosus N10. The highest EPS yield in liquid media was 10.997 ± 1.591 g/L by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, whereas the lowest was 4.505 ± 0.459 g/L by Fructobacillus fructosus N10. Conclusion: This study found Fructobacillus fructosus strains as EPS producers that have never been reported before.
El reforzamiento de la identidad cooperativa a través de la formación: un elemento a considerar por el movimiento cooperativo
Authors: Martínez Etxeberria Gonzalo
Published: November 2020

Las cooperativas modernas, hunden sus raíces en unos valores y principios cooperativos que fijan su identidad. En los tiempos actuales y habida cuenta de los profundos cambios a los que el mundo se está viendo sometido, la formación cooperativa se muestra como una herramienta esencial para consolidar dicha original identidad.

Recibido: 28 noviembre 2019Aceptado: 27 julio 2020
Diagnóstico multidimensional y morbilidad de las cooperativas de producción en México: un estudio descriptivo y explicativo de las áreas de oportunidad de las cooperativas de la región de la costa de Oaxaca
Authors: Sosa Gonzalez José Luis Sergio
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo se describen las diez principales deficiencias o áreas de oportunidad que afectan el desarrollo de treinta cooperativas de producción de la Región de la Costa de Oaxaca en México, abarcando las dimensiones normativa-institucional, social, económica, administrativa, técnica y política a partir de considerar que los fenómenos de la realidad son multidimensionales. Asimismo, a partir del análisis de la literatura teórica reciente en el área de las Ciencias Sociales y Económico Administrativas, se identifican seis causas estratégicas externas de fondo de los problemas encontrados: 1) Excesiva precariedad económica de los socios cooperativistas; 2) Política educativa alienada, sin programas académicos para la economía social y el emprendimiento; 3) Deficiente arreglo normativo-institucional; 4) Deficientes y limitadas políticas públicas de apoyo a la economía social; 5) Desarrollo de una cultura individualista y oportunista en el supra-sistema, y 6) Educación formal escasa y no pertinente a las necesidades de la región.

Recibido: 12 mayo 2020Aceptado: 17 septiembre 2020
Aproximaciones contemporáneas a la noción de seguridad
Authors: Cerón Rincón Luz Alejandra , Ortíz Ríos Alejandro
Published: November 2020

Los referentes conceptuales de la seguridad han sido construidos a partir de diversos enfoques de las ciencias sociales. Las relaciones internacionales han sido el campo más prolífico de estudios. Allí, la teoría realista y su paradigma filosófico lograron una influencia determinante en la definición de la cuestión, pues enmarcaron el problema de la seguridad en el terreno estratégico militar. Después del surgimiento de la globalización contemporánea, los dilemas políticos concernientes a las amenazas para la seguridad de los Estados y las sociedades, lejos de simplificarse, se presentan cada vez más como un entramado de redes de interacciones y niveles de poder yuxtapuestos. La configuración de este entramado ha obligado a que la reflexión se construya a partir de diálogos de saber transdisciplinares. La coherencia en este campo es dada por la convergencia de los temas de investigación, más que por los enfoques o las inclinaciones ideológicas de los autores.
Development Strategy of Uzbekistan: Modernization Versus Innovation?
Authors: Karimov K.Kh.
Published: November 2020

The article investigates the strategic management tools and economic – organizational mechanisms of the entrepreneurial structures of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the macro level. The research results revealed that for fulfilling the Strategy Actions it’s necessary to redirect the strategy from modernization to innovations, and also economical – organizational mechanisms of the entrepreneurial structures and systems as measures for their sustainable growth and innovative development. In this process transformation is the aim, innovative development is the tool, and effective and sustainable development of business structure and systems is asymptotic equilibrium. On the macro level, an optimal innovative level of business units was identified by formulating a mathematic equation. In the equation, the dependent variable is labour productivity, while independent variables include material and intellectual production factors.
An Analysis of Romanian Capital, Forex and Monetary Markets: Volatilities and Contagion
Authors: Emilia Pascal Carmen
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on stability relations for the Romanian main financial markets: capital, ForEx and monetary markets, as well as the intensity of the link between them and how they are interconnected, because this represents the best indicator of the situation of an economy, which is seen as a complex, adaptive and dynamic system, that is continuously changing. This analysis examines their deviation from the state of equilibrium, and what are the factors that modify this state. The study incorporates the markets evolution, their estimated volatilities, it shows that the most sensitive to the impact of a financial shock are the currency and the stock market. All the obtained results are correlated with events, news and market information from those particular moments to find explanations and understand the behavior of investors and how their decisions affected the market. Because of instability on some markets, investors started moving their finances to other markets, where they had more confidence, causing imbalances. Behavior of investors, as they react to the emergence of a shock, is decisive and extremely important in anticipating the effects that such a financial shock can produce. The values of the estimated volatilities were embedded into a volatility table to be easier to track their evolution over the period under review (2007 – 2018). Besides the financial crisis, there have been other events that have translated into a higher degree of volatility: raising the minimum wage, the Brexit, protests against corruption, the raise of salaries for the public workers which has created instability in the monetary market. The analysis continues with an estimate of a spillover index that only confirms the significant vulnerability period in the markets: 2010-2012, period during which the phenomenon of contagion may have occurred.