bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Карьерный сервис медицинской образовательной организации для выпускников с ОВЗ и инвалидностью
Authors:   а ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Колчина О.С.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются опыт и основные результаты работы Курского государственного медицинского университета в направлении профориентации и трудоустройства обучающихся с ОВЗ и инвалидностью. Представлены проблемы, с которыми сталкивается медицинская образовательная организация в про- цессе карьерного сопровождения выпускников с ОВЗ и инвалид- ностью. Выделены принципы решения проблем, связанных с трудоустройством лиц с ОВЗ и инвалидностью.
Use of a Mobile Peer Support App Among Young People With Nonsuicidal Self-injury: Small-scale Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kruzan Kaylee Payne , Whitlock Janis , Bazarova Natalya N , Bhandari Aparajita , Chapman Julia
Published: January 2022

Background

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread behavior among adolescents and young adults. Although many individuals who self-injure do not seek treatment, there is evidence for web-based help-seeking through web-based communities and mobile peer support networks. However, few studies have rigorously tested the efficacy of such platforms on outcomes relevant for NSSI recovery.

Objective

The aim of this small-scale preregistered randomized controlled trial is to provide preliminary insight into the shorter- and longer-term efficacy of the use of a peer support app, TalkLife, in reducing NSSI frequency and urges and increasing readiness to change. In addition, we explore contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking.

Methods

Individuals aged 16-25 years with current (within 3 months) and chronic (>6 episodes in the past year) NSSI history were eligible to participate in this study. After baseline assessments, the intervention group was instructed to use the app actively (eg, post or comment at least three times per week) and the control group received weekly psychoeducational materials through email, for 8 weeks. Follow-up was assessed at 1 month and 2 months. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate condition and time point effects for the primary outcomes of NSSI frequency and urges, readiness to change, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking.

Results

A total of 131 participants were included in the analysis. We evidenced a significant effect of condition on NSSI frequency such that the participants using the peer support app self-injured less over the course of the study (mean 1.30, SE 0.18) than those in the control condition (mean 1.62, SE 0.18; P=.02; η2=0.02). We also evidenced a significant condition effect of readiness to change such that the treatment participants reported greater confidence in their ability to change their NSSI behavior (mean 6.28, SE 0.41) than the control participants (mean 5.67, SE 0.41; P=.04; η2=0.02). No significant differences were observed for contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking.

Conclusions

Use of the peer support app was related to reduced NSSI frequency and greater confidence in one’s ability to change NSSI behavior over the course of the study period, but no effects on NSSI urges, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking were observed. The findings provide preliminary support for considering the use of mobile peer support apps as a supplement to NSSI intervention and point to the need for larger-scale trials.

Trial Registration

Open Science Foundation; https://osf.io/3uay9
A Serious Game for Young People With First Episode Psychosis (OnTrack>The Game): Qualitative Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jankowski Samantha , Ferreira Kathleen , Mascayano Franco , Donovan Effy , Rahim Reanne , Birnbaum Michael L , Yum-Chan Sabrina , Medoff Deborah , Marcogliese Bethany , Fang Lijuan , Nicholson Terriann , Dixon Lisa
Published: January 2022

Background

Several studies have shown the benefits of coordinated specialty care (CSC) for individuals with first episode psychosis; however, pathways to care are marred by lack of knowledge, stigma, and difficulties with treatment engagement. Serious games or video interventions may provide a way to address these factors.

Objective

This study focuses on qualitative results of a randomized controlled trial comparing OnTrack>The Game (OTG) with recovery videos (RVs) on engagement, stigma, empowerment, hope, recovery, and understanding of psychosis in clients receiving CSC. Clinicians are also interviewed regarding their perceptions of the interventions and suggestions for improvement.

Methods

A total of 16 clients aged 16-30 years, with first episode psychosis attending a CSC program in New York State, and 9 clinicians participated in the qualitative interviews. Interviews were analyzed using the rapid identification of themes from audio recordings method.

Results

For clients, themes included relatability of game content, an increased sense of hope and the possibility of recovery, decreased self-stigma and public stigma, increased understanding of the importance of social support, and increased empowerment in the OTG group. Clinicians had a preference for RV and provided suggestions for dissemination and implementation.

Conclusions

Themes that may help inform future research in this area, particularly regarding dissemination and implementation of OTG and RV, emerged.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03390491; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03390491
Heterogeneity of Prevalence of Social Media Addiction Across Multiple Classification Schemes: Latent Profile Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Cecilia , Ebrahimi Omid V , Luk Jeremy W
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

As social media is a major channel of interpersonal communication in the digital age, social media addiction has emerged as a novel mental health issue that has raised considerable concerns among researchers, health professionals, policy makers, mass media, and the general public.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of social media addiction derived from 4 major classification schemes (strict monothetic, strict polythetic, monothetic, and polythetic), with latent profiles embedded in the empirical data adopted as the benchmark for comparison. The extent of matching between the classification of each scheme and the actual data pattern was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analyses. The associations between social media addiction and 2 comorbid mental health conditions—depression and anxiety—were investigated.

METHODS

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted, and the replicability of findings was assessed in 2 independent samples comprising 573 adults from the United Kingdom (261/573, 45.6% men; mean age 43.62 years, SD 12.24 years) and 474 adults from the United States (224/474, 47.4% men; mean age 44.67 years, SD 12.99 years). The demographic characteristics of both samples were similar to those of their respective populations.

RESULTS

The prevalence estimates of social media addiction varied across the classification schemes, ranging from 1% to 15% for the UK sample and 0% to 11% for the US sample. The latent profile analysis identified 3 latent groups for both samples: low-risk, at-risk, and high-risk. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were high (83%-100%) for all classification schemes, except for the relatively lower sensitivity (73%-74%) for the polythetic scheme. However, the polythetic scheme had high positive predictive values (88%-94%), whereas such values were low (2%-43%) for the other 3 classification schemes. The group membership yielded by the polythetic scheme was largely consistent (95%-96%) with that of the benchmark.

CONCLUSIONS

Among the classification schemes, the polythetic scheme is more well-balanced across all 4 indices.
Effectiveness of Exergaming-based Interventions for Mobility Performance in Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: ZHANG Jiaxin , LUXIMON Yan , WANG Hailiang
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Background: Although physical exercises can help older adults with Parkinson’s disease to retain their mobility function, older adults are less motivated to attend repeated and intensive physical training. Exergaming-based interventions have the potential to provide a more engaged and enjoyable therapy. However, few meta-analysis studies discussed the effectiveness of exergaming-based interventions on the mobility performance of older adults with Parkinson’s disease.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to examine the effectiveness of exergaming-based interventions on mobility performance in older adults with Parkinson’s disease.

METHODS

Methods: Seven databases (Web of Science, Medline, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLE, and PubMed) were searched to identify the RCTs which examined the effectiveness of exergaming on the mobility performance of older adults with Parkinson’s disease up to September 2021. Using meta-analysis, we assessed mobility performance between intervention groups and control groups by comparing basic mobility function with the Timed Up and Go (TUG), walking capability with 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), postural balance function with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and gait ability with gait velocity, stride length, and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA).

RESULTS

Results: After scanning 1110 articles, we identified and meta-analyzed 16 trials, including a total of 508 older adults with Parkinson’s disease. The results revealed statistical differences between intervention groups and control groups in the TUG (MD = -0.87; 95% CI = -1.60 to -0.15; P = .018), 6MWT (MD = 39.56; 95% CI = 1.21 to 77.91; P = 0.043), BBS (MD = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.14; P < .001), and FGA (MD = 1.40; 95% CI = -0.03 to 2.82; P = .054). The detectable clinically difference of the outcomes were discussed and the implications were provided.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: Exergaming is superior to traditional training in improving PD older adults’ basic mobility skills, walking capability, and postural balance function, while it has an equal effect with traditional physical training in enhancing PD older adults’ gait ability.
Comparing the New Interdisciplinary Health in Work Intervention With Conventional Monodisciplinary Welfare Interventions at Norwegian Workplaces: Protocol for a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Höper Anje Christina , Terjesen Christoffer Lilja , Fleten Nils
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Musculoskeletal and mental health complaints are the dominant diagnostic categories in long-term sick leave and disability pensions in Norway. Continuing to work despite health complaints is often beneficial, and a good work environment can improve work inclusion for people affected. In 2001, the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration began to offer inclusive work measures to improve the psychosocial work environment and work inclusion of people with health complaints. In 2018, the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration and specialist health services started offering the new collaborative Health in work program. Its workplace intervention presents health and welfare information that may improve employees’ coping ability regarding common health complaints. It encourages understanding of coworkers’ health complaints and appropriate work adjustments to increase work participation.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol presents an ongoing, 2-arm, pragmatic cluster-randomized trial. Its aim is to compare the effect of monodisciplinary inclusive work measures (treatment as usual) and interdisciplinary Health in work in terms of changes in overall sickness absence, health care use, health-related quality of life, and costs. The secondary objectives are to compare changes in individual sickness absence, psychosocial work environment, job and life satisfaction, health, and health anxiety at both the individual and group levels.

METHODS

Data will be collected from national registers, trial-specific registrations, and questionnaires. Effects will be explored using difference-in-difference analysis and regression modeling. Multilevel analysis will visualize any cluster effects using intraclass correlation coefficients.

RESULTS

Inclusion was completed in July 2021 with 97 workplaces and 1383 individual consents. Data collection will be completed with the last questionnaires to be sent out in July 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial will contribute to filling knowledge gaps regarding the effectiveness and costs of workplace interventions, thereby benefiting health and welfare services, political decision makers, and the public and business sectors. The findings will be disseminated in reports, peer-reviewed journals, and conferences.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04000035; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04000035

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/36166
Existing Funding Sources in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Research: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Bestwick Henry , Teh Jye Quan , Mowforth Oliver , Grodzinski Ben , Kotter Mark , Davies Benjamin
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common, disabling condition of symptomatic cervical spinal cord compression that requires significant research advances to improve patient outcomes. A James Lind Alliance Partnership recently identified the top research priorities for DCM. To effectively address these priorities, appropriate funding of DCM research is essential.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to review current funding in DCM research and highlight future research funding opportunities.

METHODS

A systematic search of Web of Science for “cervical AND myelopathy” was conducted. Papers exclusively studying DCM with declared funding and published between January 1, 1995, and March 21, 2020, were considered eligible. Funding sources were classified by country of origin and organization type. A grant search was also conducted using Dimensions.ai (Digital Science Ltd).

RESULTS

A total of 621 papers were included, with 300 unique funding bodies. The top funders were AO Spine (n=87); National Institutes of Health, USA (n=63); and National Natural Science Foundation, China (n=63). Funding sources in the USA (n=242) supported the most DCM research, followed by China (n=209) and Japan (n=116). Funding in the USA was primarily provided by corporate or nonprofit organizations (146/242, 60.3%), while in China, the majority of funding was from institutions (208/209, 99.5%). Dimensions.ai gives an estimate for the total declared grant funding awards for DCM-specific research. Data here showed 180 grants awarded specifically for DCM research, with a total value of US $45.6 million since 1996.

CONCLUSIONS

DCM funding appears to be predominantly from the USA, China, and Japan, aligning with areas of high DCM research activity and underpinning the importance of funding to increasing research capacity. The existing funding sources differ from medical research in general, representing opportunities for future investment in DCM.
Impact of a Mobile Application for Tracking Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy (NVP) on NVP Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Decisional Conflict Regarding NVP Treatments: MinSafeStart Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ngo Elin , Truong Maria Bich-Thuy , Nordeng Hedvig , Wright David
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Pregnant women are active users of mobile apps for health purposes. These apps may improve self-management of health-related conditions. Up to 70% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting (NVP). Even mild NVP can significantly reduce quality of life (QoL), and it can become an economic burden for both the woman and society. NVP often occurs before the first maternal care visit; therefore, apps can potentially play an important role in empowering pregnant women to recognize, manage, and seek appropriate treatment for NVP, when required.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated whether the MinSafeStart (MSS) mobile app could impact NVP-related symptoms, QoL, and decisional conflict regarding NVP treatment.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial enrolled 268 pregnant women with NVP in Norway from 2019 to 2020. The intervention group had access to the MSS app, which could be used to track NVP symptoms and access tailored advice. NVP severity was rated with the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) score. The control group followed standard maternal care. We collected data on maternal baseline characteristics, NVP severity, QoL, and decisional conflict using 2 sets of online questionnaires. One set of questionnaires was completed at enrollment, and the other was completed after 2 weeks. We performed linear regression analyses to explore whether the use of the MSS app was associated with NVP severity, QoL, or decisional conflict.

RESULTS

Among the 268 women enrolled in the study, 192 (86.5%) completed the baseline questionnaires and were randomized to either the intervention (n=89) or control group (n=103). In the intervention group, 88 women downloaded the app, and 468 logs were recorded. In both groups, women were enrolled at a median of 8 gestational weeks. At baseline, the average PUQE scores were 4.9 and 4.7; the average QoL scores were 146 and 149; and the average DCS scores were 40 and 43 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The app had no impact on NVP severity (aβ 0.6, 95% Cl −0.1 to 1.2), QoL (aβ −5.3, 95% Cl −12.5 to 1.9), or decisional conflict regarding NVP treatment (aβ −1.1, 95% Cl −6.2 to 4.2), compared with standard care.

CONCLUSIONS

Tracking NVP symptoms with the MSS app was not associated with improvements in NVP symptoms, QoL, or decisional conflict after 2 weeks, compared with standard care. Future studies should include a process evaluation to improve our understanding of how pregnant women use the app and how to optimize its utility within maternity care. Specifically, studies should focus on how digital tools might facilitate counseling and communication between pregnant women and health care providers regarding NVP management during pregnancy.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrails.gov (NCT04719286): https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04719286
Dementia: An Overview (Preprint)
Authors: Pradana Anung Ahadi
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Dementia is a serious terminal and irreversible disease that often does not receive attention from the public compared to other non-communicable diseases. This disease causes a decline in cognitive function in individuals and makes them have to depend on others for 5-20 years of their life span.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of dementia and other things related to this disease.

METHODS

The writing method in this article uses a narrative review on several scientific sources and journal articles published in 2011-2021 from several databases such as Google Scholar, CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCO.

RESULTS

Dementia is one of the non-communicable diseases that can cause a high burden on individuals, families, communities, and countries as a result of the unproductiveness and total dependence of people with dementia on their surrounding environment due to the decline in body functions that occur. The caregiver burden experienced by caregivers includes physical, psychological, social and financial burdens. Support and assistance from professional health workers for people with dementia as well as caregivers and families can be provided through several efforts such as providing information related to illness, assistance in the care provided, providing counseling to prevent caregiver burdens and other problems, forming support groups for dementia caregivers, and advocacy for people with dementia and their families to get their rights.

CONCLUSIONS

Change efforts and policy making by the government that are more pro-people with dementia can change the perception that has been in society so far to be more positive and can potentially contribute to people with dementia.
A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MORBIDITY PATTERN OF ELDERLY IN RURAL AREA OF JHALAWAR, RAJASTHAN
Authors: THAKAN SOMYA , MEHTA ADITYA , SINGH RAGHAV
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the morbidity pattern and burden among the elderly residing in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre Mandawar. The aim of the study was to identify the various factors associated with morbidity among the study population. Assessment of the morbidity profile will help in the application of interventions, to improve the health status and the quality of life of the elderly. Methods: Therefore, a total of 880 elderly were selected. Multiple house visits were done and data were collected by interviewer method, observation, and clinical examination of the study population. Diagnosis of the disease was made on the basis of history, investigations, clinical examination, and treatment report. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 trial version. Results: Out of 880 elderly, 83.9% belonged to the age group of 60–74 years, the majority (87.4%) were found to be Hindus, 44% lived in three generation families. The most of the elderly were illiterate (46.7%) and the majority (44.2%) belonged to class IV socio-economic status. The morbidity load was 2370. The average morbidity per person was 1.56. The majority of the elderly (32%) had two morbidities. Visual impairment was the most common morbidity and it was more common in males. The association of morbidity was found to be statistically significant with gender, age category, and financial status. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the prevalence of morbidity among the elderly is very high.
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: A TEACHING APPROACH WHERE LEARNING COMES ALIVE
Authors: Bytyqi Besa
Published: January 2022

“Doing projects” is a long-standing tradition in American education. According to Buck Institute for Education (BIE) (www.pblworks.org) the roots of PBL lie in this tradition. But the emergence of a method of teaching and learning called Project Based Learning (PBL) is the result of two important developments over the last 25 years. First, there has been a revolution in learning theory. Research in neuroscience and psychology has extended cognitive and behavioral models of learning—which support traditional direct instruction—to show that knowledge, thinking, doing, and the contexts for learning are inextricably tied. We now know that learning is partly a social activity; it takes place within the context of culture, community, and past experiences.
Modulation in Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance of Wheat Crop upon Inoculation of Drought-tolerant-Bacillus Species Isolated from Hot Arid Soil of India
Authors: Yadav Vinod Kumar , Bhagat Neeta , Sharma Sushil K.
Published: January 2022

Drought is one of the most detrimental environmental stressors to plants with the potential to decrease crop yields and affect agricultural sustainability. Native bacteria with beneficial traits enhance plant growth and help avoid and reverse the effects of drought in plants to a greater extent. In the present study, we aimed to ( i ) isolate drought-tolerant Bacillus isolates from the rhizosphere soil of wheat crop grown at different locations in Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan state and (ii) further evaluate their ability to enhance plant growth and induce drought tolerance in wheat ( Var. HD-2967) grown under drought stress conditions. Of more than 100 isolates, two putative Bacillus isolates capable of tolerating 30 % polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) [equivalent to -9.80 MPa (Megapascal)] were identified as Bacillus altitudinis DT-89 and Bacillus paramycoides DT-113. These isolates exhibited different plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes such as phosphate solubilization, and production of siderophore, exopolysaccharide, ammonia, indole acetic acid and cytokinin at low osmotic stress of 10% PEG-6000 but shown variable response at higher osmotic stress particularly at 30% PEG-6000. However, they did not show any antifungal activity and one isolate was negative for phosphate solubilization. Of two strains, B. altitudinis DT-89 function more prominently with respect to plant growth promotion and drought tolerance to plant in the early stage but protective traits of B. paramycoides DT-113 was more prominent after 75 days as evident by increased EPS (164%), root dry weight (144.44%), chlorophyll content (90.26%), SOD (389%) and proline (99.3%). The results support both the strains as a potential candidate to alleviate drought stress and enhance plant growth in the drought regions.
Features of using cement suspension in concrete mixture recycling technology
Authors: Samchenko Svetlana V. , Egorov Egor S. , Abramov Mihail A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Recycling technologies may solve the problem of landfill waste. The problem of hydraulic active cement waste using not fully resolved in concrete mixtures recycling technologies. Using hydraulic active cement waste as an addition directly influences the technological and mechanical characteristics of new concrete mixtures. That requires additional research.

Materials and methods. The cement waste obtained after recycling was simulated by pre-hydrated cement suspension produce at V/C equal to 0.7 for 6 hours of hydration. Different compositions of cement mixtures were investigated. The difference of which was amount of introduced pre-hydrated cement additive, both in the presence and without plasticizer. Technological properties, namely the normal consistency and setting time of cement compositions were investigated by standard methods of GOST 30744-2001. Mechanical properties, namely the compressive strength at the age of 28 days, were determined by destructive method on a hydraulic press PSU-10.

Results. The introduction of a pre-hydrated suspension causes an increase in normal consistency, a reduction in the setting time and a decrease in strength with an increase in its quantity. The use of such a suspension in conjunction with a superplasticizer can level out the increase in normal density, as well as increase the strength of the samples. Timing of setting remained similar to the results of the test without the plasticizer.

Conclusions. The results of the study show influences of cement waste obtained after recycling on the technological and mechanical characteristics of new mixtures. These influences are important and must be taken into account in the design of new concretes and mortars.
Diversity of lichen biota of oak forests of the reserve «Vydritsa» (Republic of Belarus, Gomel Region)
Authors:   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the NAS of Belarus, Yatsyna Alexander
Published: January 2022

As a result of the research, the species composition of lichens and closely related fungi of the oak forest of the reserve «Vydritsa» (Republic of Belarus, Gomel Region) has been revealed. An annotated list, including 113 species has been compiled, 106 of these species are lichens, 6 – non-lichenised saprobic and 1 – lichenicolous fungi. Species Calicium adspersum, Cetrelia olivetorum, Chaenotheca chlorella, Cladonia caespiticia, Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmotrema stuppeum are included in the Red Data Book of Belarus and are listed for the first time for the Svetlogorsk district and the reserve «Vydritsa». The indicator lichens of old-growth oak forests include 20 species; 28 species were recorded in all 12 surveyed localities.
Communities with Galega orientalis Lam. in Kursk Region
Authors:   Kursk State University, Arepieva Ludmila , Poluyanov Alexander ,   Kursk State University
Published: January 2022

. Plant communities dominated by the invasive species Galega orientalis, common in natural and anthropogenic habitats, have been identified in Kursk Region. On anthropogenic ecotopes (wastelands, roadsides), phytocoenoses of the ass. Galigetum orientalis are formed as a result of introduction of Galega orientalis into communities of the order Agropyretalia intermedio–repentis (class Artemisietea vulgaris). In natural habitats, Galega orientalis spreads in mesophylous meadow communities (order Arrhenatheretalia, class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), while derivative communities Galega orientalis [Arrhenatheretalia] are formed. Galega orientalis is unevenly present in derivative communities, forming separate loci, as a result, its cover is less intensive than in anthropogenic communities. It may be due to a more intensive distribution of this species in disturbed habitats. Comparison of ranges of values of environmental factors showed that derivative communities are formed in wetter habitats. Phytocoenoses of the association are characterized by wider variation in values of acidity and richness of soils in mineral nitrogen.
High-density metals and arsenic in algae of storm emissions from the coastal area of the Severny island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago
Authors: Andreev B. P. , Zakrevsky Yu. N. , Martynova E. S. , Plakhotskaya Zh. V.
Published: January 2022

Purpose of the Study is to assess the potential hazard in terms of the content of high-density metals (HDMs) and arsenic (As) for the consumption of objects of the Arctic algal flora presented in storm emissions in places of probable disembarkation of a crew, the ship has come in a distress or a disaster in the water area of the northern seas of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The elemental composition of samples of the plants thrown by the wind-wave impact on the coastal area of the Severny island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Before making the analysis, thallus fragments were dried at 80° C to constant weight to determine their dry weight with an accuracy of 1 mg. The material mineralization was carried out using a microwave mineralizer according to the standard technique. The elementary analysis was performed using MGA-915M atomic spectrometer. The data obtained were compared with the maximum permissible levels established by the current regulatory documents. According to the results of measurements, series of decreasing concentrations of HDMs in algae samples were built according to the places of collection and species.

Results and Discussion. It has been found that the lowest content of HDMs and arsenic in the wind-wave emissions of algae on the Severny Island in the Russkaya Gavan Bay of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago belongs to both Laminaria digitata and vegetative parts of the thallus of most of the other ejected algae. These plants can be used for food in extreme situations by the crews of a ship (an aircraft, etc.) who has come in a distress or a disaster.
Influence of the concrete strength and the type of supports on the stress-strain state of a hyperbolic paraboloid shell footbridge structure
Authors: Cajamarca-Zuniga David , Luna Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Relevance. This work is the first in a series of publications on the selection of a suitable analytical surface for implementation as a self-supporting structure for a thin shell footbridge. The study on the influence of concrete strength, live load position and support types on the stress-strain state of a hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shell is presented. Objective - to define the initial design parameters such as the appropriate concrete strength and the support type that generates the best structural behaviour to perform the subsequent structural design of a thin shell footbridge. Methods. The static finite element analysis was performed for 4 compressive strengths of concrete (28, 40, 80, 120 MPa) which correspond normal, high and ultra-high resistance concrete, 5 different live load arrangements and 3 different support conditions. Results. The shell model with pinned (two-hinged) supports shows the same vertical displacements as the model with fixed supports (hingeless). For the studied shell thickness, in terms of stress behaviour, the model with pinned ends is more efficient. The combination of two-hinged supports with 80 MPa concrete strength shows a better structural performance.
Evaluation of seismic forces under modified structural schemes in the process of vibrations
Authors: Chernov Yury T. , Qbaily Jaafar
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work - development of one of the possible methods for seismic analysis that considers the inelastic behavior of structures under seismic loads. This requires the development of seismic analysis methods that take into account the change (decrease) in the bearing capacity or the destruction of individual elements until the final loss of the bearing capacity of the structure. Methods. The dependences and algorithms include determining seismic forces using the method of normal forms, which until now is the main one in solving problems of the seismic resistance theory in seismic regions, calculation formulas to calculate seismic forces at each time step are presented in the form of expansions into natural vibration modes, which regard the changes in the design scheme. The calculation is repeated at each time step as a static calculation for the action of seismic forces determined at the previous stage, before the building collapses. Results. The developed dependencies and algorithms allow to consider changes in the design scheme during vibrations at each time step, changes in the dynamic properties of the building and, as a result, the values of seismic forces. The value of the coefficient of inelastic work of structures K 1, which are given in regulatory documents, do not give fully correspond to the actual behavior of the structure under seismic influences. The proposed calculation method allows to determine the estimated values of seismic forces and their distribution taking into account the influence of damage of elements and the appearance of inelastic zones in the design process of fluctuations at each time step and to assess the dynamic behavior of the building.
The impact of heavy object on an underground structure when falling onto the ground surface
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg V. , Novozhilov Yury V. , Savenkov Anton Yu.
Published: January 2022

At the objects of space infrastructure and at nuclear power facilities there are industrial structures, the main task of which is to protect a person, equipment or machinery from emergencies such as, for example, explosions, falling of various objects, fragments. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Technogenic Emergencies, when calculating such structures, all types of loads corresponding to their functional purpose must be taken into account. So, for structures located in the area of a possible accident and the fall of space rockets, it is necessary to calculate for the fall of the destroyed parts of the rocket engine. For nuclear power plant facilities, such accidents occur when containers and other heavy objects fall on the ground, affecting underground structures located in the ground, and for civil defense protective structures built into the basement floors of buildings, it is necessary to consider situations in which the overlying floors of a building collapse when exposed to there is an air shock wave on them. Therefore, this problem is relevant, and in this study, a finite-element method for calculating an underground structure in a non-linear dynamic setting has been developed when a large overall object collides with the ground.
Faktor penentu indeks pembangunan manusia dan hubungannya dengan belanja infrastruktur serta pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Herinoto Herinoto , Rachmad R M. , Zulfanetti Zulfanetti
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors that determine the Human Development Index (HDI), to analyze the relationship between HDI and infrastructure spending, and to analyze the relationship between infrastructure spending and economic growth in districts/cities in Jambi Province. The data used in this study are secondary data with the type of Time Series 2012-2018 and Cross Section 11 districts/cities. This study uses Panel Data Multiple Regression Analysis and Simple Correlation Analysis using the E-views 10 tool. The results of this study indicate that the HDI of districts/cities in Jambi Province increases every year, partially the ratio of teachers to students, number of health facilities, and density. The population has a positive and significant effect in determining HDI. While the poverty factor has a negative but not statistically significant effect in determining the HDI of districts/cities in Jambi Province with an R-Square value of 0.9312. The relationship between HDI and infrastructure spending has a negative and insignificant effect, which means that an increase in infrastructure spending will increase the decrease in the value of HDI. The relationship between growth spending and economic growth has a positive and significant effect, which means that an increase in the value of infrastructure spending will increase the value of economic growth.
Pengaruh efikasi diri siswa terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi dalam pembelajaran daring
Authors: Nur Fadilah Reny , Arief Rafsanjani Mohamad
Published: January 2022

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Education, through circular letter number 4 of 2020, notifies that the learning process is carried out from home through online learning. The time allocation carried out in online learning during the pandemic is shorter than the previous conventional learning. In the learning process, academic self-efficacy is very important. Through clear goals and self-confidence, academic self-efficacy can determine the success of academic behavior in the future. This article describes the research results on the effect of student self-efficacy on student learning outcomes in class X IPS SMAN 1 Sidoarjo on economics subjects in online learning. This type of research is explanatory and uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 109 students of class X Social Sciences at SMA Negeri 1 Sidoarjo. In comparison, the sample in this study was 85 students selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis, which includes prerequisite analysis tests (normality test and linearity test) and simple regression analysis. This study indicates that the self-efficacy of class X IPS students at SMA Negeri 1 Sidoarjo does not affect economic learning outcomes in online learning.
Mapeamento sistemático: metodologias e ferramentas para a formação de professores em pensamento computacional
Authors: Veras de Almeida Adrianne , Veras de Almeida Adrielle , Pantoja Oliveira Araújo Fabíola
Published: January 2022

O Pensamento Computacional é uma estratégia para resolução de problemas através da utilização de habilidades cognitivas na área da Ciência da Computação. Neste contexto, o artigo apresenta um mapeamento sistemático visando a identificação de contextos metodológicos e ferramentas usadas para aprendizagem do Pensamento Computacional para a formação de professores no mundo entre os anos de 2010 a 2021, publicados em periódicos e anais de congressos da área da computação. Como resultado, verificou-se que a ferramenta Scratch e a computação desplugada são as estratégias mais utilizadas por meio de oficinas e cursos. Além disso, buscou-se elencar as instituições e países que mais publicaram sobre o tema, foram identificadas as principais dificuldades e as conclusões reportadas pelos autores dos 22 estudos mapeados.
Youtube e Educação: uma revisão da pesquisa brasileira no período de 2014 a 2021
Authors: Raquel Buiz Mion Mirian , De Queiroz Lopes Daniel
Published: January 2022

As reflexões apresentadas neste artigo resultam de uma pesquisa bibliográfica-documental acerca de estudos que apresentam ou problematizam o YouTube como uma tecnologia educacional. Neste âmbito, foram analisados 20 trabalhos, entre artigos e dissertações, publicados no Brasil entre os anos de 2014 e 2021, tendo como eixo condutor dessa análise a questão “O que dizem as pesquisas sobre o YouTube e a Educação?” Tal recurso já vinha sendo utilizado na educação em função do seu apelo audiovisual, mesmo antes da pandemia, pois sua linguagem se aproxima mais da juventude contemporânea, proporcionando autoria e protagonismo docente e discente. Ainda o artigo aponta que é necessário ressaltar a necessidade de maior diálogo com a área da comunicação e da linguagem em relação à produção de conteúdo audiovisual e à educação na cultura digital.
CYNICS AS RATIONAL ANIMALS
Authors: Turp Michael-John
Published: January 2022

The Cynic exhortation to live according to nature is far from transparent. I defend a traditional interpretation: to live in accordance with nature is to live in accordance with human nature, which is to live as a rational animal. After discussing methodological concerns, I consider the theriophilic proposal that the ideal Cynic lives like an animal. I marshal evidence against this view and in favor of the alternative of Cynics as rational animals. Finally, I anticipate and address the concern that mine is an unduly idealized and Stoicized account.
MACHIAVELLI’S PHILOSOPHICAL FICTIONS
Authors: Bogiaris Guillaume
Published: January 2022

Machiavelli, like other Renaissance authors, weaved philosophy into works of fiction, attacking the notion attributed to Plato’s Diotima that love (eros) is philosophy’s partner. Under veiled criticism, presented in four comic texts bound together by the theme of love, Machiavelli delivers his criticism of Diotima’s eros. He joins a long line of astute manipulators, like Numa and Savonarola, who presented difficult ideas to people unlikely to accept them except under cover of divine authority. My essay rests on the expanding body of scholarship on Machiavelli’s neglected literary works.
SELF-DECEPTION, EMOTIONS, AND IMAGINATION IN NIETZSCHE
Authors: Syea Emma
Published: January 2022

Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality includes several cases of agents who are, prima facie, self-deceived. Recent work has linked these cases to deflationary accounts on the one hand and intentionalist Sartrean accounts on the other. But neither is fully satisfactory. I suggest a new account that gives a central role to focused daydreaming and imagination, especially as related to affective content that threatens to destabilize self-deception. This approach, not neatly categorizable, builds upon both deflationary and intentionalist accounts, emphasizing links between vengefulness and forgiveness in Nietzsche’s psychology.
Predictors of Glycemic Outcomes at 1 Year Following Pediatric Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Swauger Sarah E. , Hornung Lindsey N. , Elder Deborah A. , Balamurugan Appakalai N. , Vitale David S. , Lin Tom K. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Abu-El-Haija Maisam
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is indicated to alleviate debilitating pancreas-related pain and mitigate diabetes in patients with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis when medical/endoscopic therapies fail. Our aim was to evaluate predictors of insulin requirement at 1 year following TPIAT in a cohort of children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a review of 43 pediatric patients followed after TPIAT for 1 year or longer. Primary outcome was insulin use at 1 year, categorized as follows: insulin independent, low insulin requirement (<0.5 units/kg/day), or high insulin requirement (≥0.5 units/kg/day).

RESULTS

At 1 year after TPIAT, 12 of 41 (29%) patients were insulin independent and 21 of 41 (51%) had low and 8 of 41 (20%) had high insulin requirement. Insulin-independent patients were younger than those with low and high insulin requirement (median age 8.2 vs. 14.6 vs. 13.1 years, respectively; P = 0.03). Patients with insulin independence had a higher number of transplanted islet equivalents (IEQ) per kilogram body weight (P = 0.03) and smaller body surface area (P = 0.02), compared with those with insulin dependence. Preoperative exocrine insufficiency was associated with high insulin requirement (P = 0.03). Higher peak C-peptide measured by stimulated mixed-meal tolerance testing (MMTT) at 3 and 6 months post-TPIAT was predictive of lower insulin requirement at 1 year (P = 0.006 and 0.03, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that insulin independence following pediatric TPIAT is multifactorial and associated with younger age, higher IEQ per kilogram body weight transplanted, and smaller body surface area at time of operation. Higher peak C-peptide measured by MMTT following TPIAT confers a higher likelihood of low insulin requirement.
Risk of Foot Ulcer and Lower-Extremity Amputation Among Participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Zelnick Leila R. , Braffett Barbara H. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Cowie Catherine C. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Zinman Bernard , de Boer Ian H.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Intensive glycemic control reduces the risk of kidney, retinal, and neurologic complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but whether it reduces the risk of lower-extremity complications is unknown. We examined whether former intensive versus conventional glycemic control among Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) participants with T1D reduced the long-term risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) in the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DCCT participants (n = 1,441) completed 6.5 years on average of intensive versus conventional diabetes treatment, after which 1,408 were enrolled in EDIC and followed annually over 23 years for DFU and LEA occurrences by physical examination. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated associations of DCCT treatment assignment and time-updated exposures with DFU or LEA.

RESULTS

Intensive versus conventional glycemic control was associated with a significant risk reduction for all DFUs (hazard ratio 0.77 [95% CI 0.60, 0.97]) and a similar magnitude but nonsignificant risk reduction for first-recorded DFUs (0.78 [0.59, 1.03]) and first LEAs (0.70 [0.36, 1.36]). In adjusted Cox models, clinical neuropathy, lower sural nerve conduction velocity, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were associated with higher DFU risk; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria, and macular edema with higher LEA risk; and any retinopathy and greater time-weighted mean DCCT/EDIC HbA1c with higher risk of both outcomes (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Early intensive glycemic control decreases long-term DFU risk, the most important antecedent in the causal pathway to LEA.
Releases of Trichopria drosophilae on cherry, in three locations at different altitudes in South Tyrol (northeastern Italy) and its potential to parasitize Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Martina Falagiarda  , Silvia Schmidt
Published: January 2022

In recent years, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: drosophilidae) caused serious damages in cherries and small fruits cultivations in South Tyrol, making it difficult for growers to continue their activities without production losses. Biological control of the pest could play an important role in its population regulation, by lowering the pest pressure at the beginning of the season. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), an indigenous pupal parasitoid of drosophilids, in parasitizing D. suzukii in cherry orchards situated at different altitudes and characterized by different agronomic peculiarities. The release trials showed the ability of the parasitoid to find and parasitize artificially exposed pupae of D. suzukii in two out of three localities, up to 915 m. The results highlight the importance for the released species of an adequate surrounding environment for its spread and establishment.