bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRADITION: DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Goncharova Natalia N.
Published: April 2024

The study of one of the basic institutions of criminal law and international criminal law is aimed at creating a system of approaches to the development of existing law that can lead to the development of a universal approach to providing legal assistance. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of the development of the law for providing legal assistance under the extradition process. Materials and methods. The method of analyzing sources of law made it possible to identify weaknesses when carrying out the extradition; the comparison method revealed a divergence in norms relating to the basis for extradition, which gives a forecast for solving a number of problems for both parties of the mechanism under study. Research results. The practical application of extradition rules makes it possible to achieve the desired result, but the desired effect is achieved through large and unreasonable efforts of both parties with a large bureaucratic toolkit, which leads to the idea of optimizing a number of processes. Conclusions. The institution of extradition should be considered as a flexible tool of legal assistance that allows solving the problems of justice in the spirit of the current principles of humanity and legality. The creation of an international instrument of a universal nature can fill gaps in the law and lead to a uniform extradition mechanism at the bilateral level. Due to current political international processes, the formation of such a document seems appropriate.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CRIME: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE
Authors: Latypova Elvira Yu. , Klein Miron S. , Gilmanov Ruslan E.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between anthropological approaches to the study of crime and the possibility of their application in modern criminology to prevent crime. Materials and methods. The methodological tools correspond to the goals and objectives of the study and include the use of a dialectical-materialistic method of cognition, due to which it was possible to consider the subject of research in development, taking into account its interrelationships with historically changing legal phenomena. The comparative historical method as the main method allowed the authors to analyze the development of the institute of criminal anthropology and its patterns. The methods of formal logic, such as description, comparison, analysis and synthesis, made it possible to fully disclose the criminological and legal aspects of the phenomenon under study. The applied private scientific methods, such as comparative legal, formal legal and structural-functional ones were used to determine the interrelationships and interdependencies of the studied phenomena, as well as to make the necessary generalizations and conclusions. The results of the study. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today there are controversial issues regarding the anthropological approach to the study of crime. However, thanks to anthropological research, the study of the causes of crimes was initiated, which shed light on the appearance of deviant behavior of a person, which gave a great impetus to the development of criminology as a science. The anthropological aspect of crime has given answers to many questions about the causes of crime, and also marked the beginning of the race to find the truth: are criminals born or made? The anthropological theory in criminology is evaluated and assessments are given on the application of certain anthropological knowledge to crime prevention in the modern world. The importance of criminal anthropology in the system of crime prevention measures is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that the anthropology of crime has generated ideas and views on the causality of crime as a result of the interaction of biological factors and surrounding realities and conditions that affect progressive or regressive development. It is noted that criminals have brain disorders, instability, genetic mutations, pathologies of their behavior and mental disorders that push them to commit crimes or act as the only solution in a stressful situation, since such people simply do not have a chance to arouse thought in a different way.
ON EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS IN TRAINING COMMAND MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE 12th ULYANOVSK RED BANNER INFANTRY SCHOOL DURING THE MILITARY REFORM OF 1925 (based on the local press)
Authors: Mankov Andrei V.
Published: April 2024

The author’s research focus is on the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (Red Army) of the mid-1920s. After completion of the Civil War in 1922, the Soviet Union began a series of major transformations of the military sphere of the society, caused not only by defense, but also by socio-economic reasons. The supporters of building a new socialist society in Russia, who won the long-term armed confrontation, resolutely refused to maintain a large and expensive conscription army and gradually, from 1923, began to move towards creating an army based on a territorial militia system of recruiting troops. The military organization formed in this way made it possible to spend significantly less financial and material resources on its maintenance than earlier. In January 1925, the outstanding Soviet military commander M.V. Frunze was appointed the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs; continuing the reform initiated by his predecessor L.D. Trotsky, M.V. Frunze paid special attention, in particular, to making changes to the system of training the command personnel of the Red Army. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of training and educating the command personnel for the Red Army in 1925 on the example of the 12th Ulyanovsk Infantry school of command staff (hereinafter – the 12th Ulyanovsk twice Red Banner Infantry school named after V.I. Lenin). Materials and methods. The author uses problem-analytical and chronological research methods; the source base of the work is primarily Ulyanovsk newspapers of 1925. Study results. The author points out that by the mid-1920s, the system of training command personnel did not meet modern requirements of the Red Army command at that time. With the beginning of the military reform in 1925, the military educational institution under study was actively involved in the updated military pedagogical process and very often became a place for the introduction of new solutions and the implementation of pedagogical innovations. Conclusions. During the reform, the 12th Ulyanovsk Infantry School was a military educational institution where educational, military-scientific and party-political work was actively carried out. At this, the school sought to improve the academic performance of military students, and also paid attention to the pedagogical training of the command staff. In 1925, in the practice of its activities, educational innovations that were original for their time appeared; new forms and methods of training and educating the command personnel were formed.
Pengaruh Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial pada Quarter Life Crisis pada Dewasa Awal
Authors: Alkatiri Hanin , Aprianty Rizqi Amalia
Published: April 2024

Masa peralihan remaja ke dewasa awal dianggap krusial yang menandai pengembangan nilai, identitas, dan menghadapi tekanan sosial. Quarter life crisis, fenomena emosional pada dewasa awal, mencuat sebagai dampak perbandingan sosial intens melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pengaruh intensitas penggunaan media sosial terhadap quarter life crisis pada dewasa awal di era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional dengan subjek penelitian dewasa awal di Banjarmasin Utara (n=344). Data dikumpulkan melalui skala Quarter Life Crisis dan skala Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan intensitas penggunaan media sosial terhadap quarter life crisis (p < 0,05), dengan R square sebesar 4,1%. Terdapat pula hubungan positif signifikan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan peningkatan quarter life crisis (r = 0,203). Sebanyak 70% subjek berada pada kategori quarter life crisis sedang, 17% tinggi, dan 14% rendah. Temuan ini sejalan dengan tren penggunaan media sosial yang dominan, khususnya Instagram dan Whatsapp
Exploring Ideas Through Coffee for Cultivating Creativity
Authors: Maspul Kurniawan Arif
Published: April 2024

The quest for fresh ideas is a continual process in our dynamic environment, which is driven by innovation. This study conducts a thorough investigation into the complex relationship between coffee culture and the creative process, recognizing the tremendous influence of human cognition and the fundamental human desire for novelty and expression. This qualitative study aims to uncover strategies that enable individuals to tap into their creative reservoirs and cultivate environments conducive to innovation by conducting a nuanced examination of coffee settings and their multifaceted influence on cognitive processes, social dynamics, and environmental cues. This study provides a deeper understanding of how coffee-fueled environments can serve as catalysts for creativity, fostering transformative advancements across various domains and enriching the human experience by combining insights from diverse disciplines and leveraging real-world examples from the coffee industry.
Quality Control of Skipjack Fish on Purse Seine Vessels at PPS Kutaraja
Authors:   Marine Fisheries Technology Study Program, IPB Postgraduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia., Putra Demo Buana , Mustaruddin Mustaruddin ,   Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia., Puspito Gondo ,   Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Published: April 2024

The research aims to analyze the handling system for skipjack tuna since the fish are caught until sold at the Kutaraja Ocean Fisheries Port (PPS) fish auction site (TPI). The researcher used descriptive methods, organoleptic tests, scoring analysis, and np control charts as study methods. The research results show that the handling of skipjack tuna at the Kutaraja PPS has yet to be optimal, which has an impact on reducing the quality of the fish. The handling process that did not comply with the established procedures occurred from when the fish was put on the boat until it landed at PPS Kutaraja. The results of organoleptic tests, scoring analysis, and np control charts indicated a decrease in fish quality during the handling process. All ships based at PPS Kutaraja are not equipped with freezer cooling machines. The cooling process only relies on a very limited amount of ice blocks to maintain the quality of the fish during the fishing operation. Very limited use of ice cubes will trigger a decline in fish quality. Increasing hatch room temperatures also cause a significant decrease in organoleptic values and faster rigor mortis times for fish.
Android-Based Lifestyle Management Application for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors:   Department of Electro-medical Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic Makassar, Indonesia, Umar Usman , Tristiantoro Roby ,   Department of Electro-medical Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic Makassar, Indonesia, Alyah Risnawaty ,   Department of Electro-medical Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic Makassar, Indonesia, Ridhwan Muhammad ,   Department of Electro-medical Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic Makassar, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
The Future of Investing: Analysing the Influence of Trading Applications on Investors
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur, Singh Manisha , . Farozan ,   Guest Faculty, Department of Commerce, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur
Published: April 2024

Investment is pivotal for the wealth creation of the investors and is equally relevant for the growth and development of the nation. The rapid advancement in financial technology (FinTech) has innovated and updated every sector of the economy, and the evolution of trading applications (apps) perfectly illustrates such advancement. The rapid development, attractive profit ratios, and the huge popularity of trading applications demonstrated the efficiency of the fintech’s emergence and growth. Investment trading apps are a platform that provides a click solution to the investor to undertake the investment, organize their portfolio, track its status, and fetch an attractive return. Trading applications receive greater acceptance because of their incredible advantages, such as being a source for easy, quick, hassle-free, round-the-clock access and investment advice with the facility of recent market updates. It acts as a medium for channeling the fund toward different investment options and facilitating capital formation, which is essential for transforming the status of a country from a developing one to a developed one. The study is survey-based research. The study's sample size is 153 respondents. Data collected from the investors through the questionnaire are presented through descriptive statistics, and a chi-square test is applied to the study with the help of the software SPSS. The paper tries to thoroughly understand the status and significance of trading applications and how they differ from the traditional way of investment. It also attempts to analyze the impact of these applications on the investors' investment decisions.
Isolating and Diagnosing the Bacteria that cause Recurrent Miscarriage and Evaluating some Risk factors in women with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Education for pure, University of Kerbala, Iraq., Toama Zianb Adwan , Al-awad Heyam Abdul ridha ,   Department of Biology, College of Education for pure, University of Kerbala, Iraq.
Published: April 2024

The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women and cause miscarriage, study the risk factors that help increase infection rates, that included 100 sample , and the percentages of distribution of women’s samples were 50 samples from pregnant women, of which 29 were pregnant women. Not infected with a urinary tract infection (Negative UTI), as well as 21 of the pregnancies infected with a urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study sample also included 50 miscarried women, a sample in which the percentage of infection (UTI) was distributed as 17 of miscarriage cases without infection (Negative UTI), and 33 miscarriage cases with urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study found that the rate of E.coli bacteria in pregnant women with UTI (+ev UTI) was 16.66%, the rate of S. aureus bacteria in aborted women was 18.51%, and the highest bacterial percentage in the age group (under 29 years) was 62.99% of E.coli bacteria (31.48). %), then S. aureus bacteria (24.07%). Also, urban women are more susceptible to infection with bacteria, at a rate of 64.81%, compared to women in rural areas, at a rate of 35.19%. The most common isolated species causing urinary tract infections in the city are E.coli and then S. aureus, and there is no difference between the symptoms, with a positive rate of (53.7). (%), and the disappearance of symptoms (Negative) was (46.3)% of the group of pregnant women and aborted women, The highest species in the first trimester of pregnancy amounted to 66.66%, which was represented by S. aureus bacteria, followed by E.coli, compared to the second and third trimester, 24.24% E.coli, followed by S. aureus bacteria, and that the rate of miscarriage was 3 times or more, the percentage was 27.27% S. aureus followed by E.coli, respectively.
Inappropriate Defibrillator Shock Due to Oversensing. What to Do?
Authors:   Ibn Sina hospital, Morocco, KARROUMI N. EL , FELLAT I. ,   Ibn Sina hospital, Morocco, ALAMI K. ,   Ibn Sina hospital, Morocco, BOUHOUCH R. ,   Ibn Sina hospital, Morocco
Published: April 2024

In spite of advanced designs of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) lead fracture remains the most frequent complications. ICD interrogation is mandatory for the diagnosis of all type of lead failures. We report the case of an 18 years old boy, diagnosed with Jarvell and Lange Nielsen syndrome since he was 2 years. He received first Nadolol then he got ICD and a prophylactic left sympathectomy after he had a cardiac arrest. One year later, the ICD started delivering shocks, appropriate at first then inappropriate due to oversensing. Long QT syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by repetitive episode of syncope and cardiac arrest due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The treatment is mostly pharmaceutical with B-blockers. The indication for an ICD is in class I for patients who survived cardiac arrest, and for patients who experience recurrent syncopal events under B-blockers. On the other hand, in case of contraindicated or not tolerated medical therapy, ICD is recommended as a class IIa, according the ESC guidelines of 2022. An ICD must be interrogated frequently and have its measurements reviewed in order to detect lead dysfunction. The detection of high impedance suggests conductor fracture along with inappropriate defibrillator shocks delivered by the ICD. Oversensing with normal pacing impedance is the initial electrical abnormality with either conductor fracture.(4) The fractured lead will either be left inside the patient or removed, depending on specific factors related to the patient and the ICD. (5)
Székelyföldi turizmus-vendéglátásban tevékenykedő vállalatok munkavállalói teljesítménymérési, értékelési, és menedzsment gyakorlatának vizsgálata (Különös tekintettel Hargita megyére)
Authors: Lőrincz Annamária
Published: April 2024

As a resource, people are one of the most important factors in the modern economy. From a subjective measurement approach, it can form the basis of business performance measurement. In this research, I am looking for answers to the question: what does business practice show, and how consistent is it with theoretical findings? The results of the research show that companies operating in the hospitality sector in Harghita County are consistently aware of the fact that employee performance contributes greatly to company performance.  For this very reason, employee guidance, performance monitoring and feedback are considered significantly important. Employee performance is measured and evaluated informally, often on a monthly basis. The standardised, formal form of measurement, on the other hand, is only done annually, from time to time when necessary. However, its frequency increases significantly with the size of the company. Companies are moderately satisfied with the current employee performance measurement and evaluation. They are therefore aware that there is room for improvement. In their opinion, the introduction of a performance management system in the future would make a significant contribution to solving the problems discussed in the research. In doing so, it would also contribute to the improving of the company's business performance at the same time. Our development objective could be to provide guidance in this area for the future.
The Evolution of Sporting Consumption Habits among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Children and Adults
Authors: Židek Péter
Published: April 2024

In the manuscript, grounded in secondary research, I present literature reviews and statistics outlining the benefits and constraining factors related to the engagement in sports among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Sports serve as a highly effective tool for facilitating social integration and ensuring equal opportunities. It is crucial to examine the sporting consumption habits of the disadvantaged target group and identify inhibitory factors to assist decision-makers in supporting measures for promoting equal opportunities. To alleviate social disparities, it is essential to establish conditions that guarantee long-term participation for everyone in economic and social life. Recognizing and promptly addressing disadvantages that manifest early in life are key factors for success in later life. Providing support to needy children, expanding their opportunities, and reinforcing a comprehensive system of child protection and well-being are fundamental for their successful integration into society.
Imaginar novos mundos agora
Authors: Gadelha Juliano
Published: April 2024

Este ensaio crítico interpela os sentidos de cosmos, vida e política da modernidade colonial para uma compreensão de processos cognoscíveis e sensíveis de luta por existência no mundo tal como o conhecemos. A discussão teórica segue a proposição de conceitos por meio da imaginação radical negra e uma crítica às concepções de sujeito e sujeição. A metodologia implica os estudos sobre racismo e colonialidade para uma cosmopolítica atenta aos modos racializados como a governança gere o presente, o passado e o futuro nas sociedades.
Myopia in Tanzania-My Approach
Authors:   Husseinali Datoo OD FTOA FBDO Vision Plus Eye Clinic, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Ali Hussein
Published: April 2024

Childhood myopia is now an emerging issue in Tanzania. Today, billions of people around the world are struggling with the condition of myopia. This number is only expected to increase in the future and Africa is no exception. In Tanzania, due to increasing usage of smart phones and Visual Display Units (VDUs) there is an emerging Myopia in children as well as in adults. Data that documents the effects of visual impairment due to refractive error across the country is scant, however. Admittedly there exists a lack of lack of Ophthalmic /Optometry services leading to uncorrected refractive error that is a cause of vision impairment. Increases in life expectancy in Tanzania, and decreases in time spent outdoors, coupled with increased time spent staring at screens each day plays a part as well
A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Evaluated by Endoscopy in a Newly-Established Endoscopy Unit at A Second-Level Hospital
Authors: Yazkan Cenk , Nazlı Okay
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the cases who underwent upper and lower gastrointestinal system endoscopic evaluation between 2021-2022 in the endoscopy unit, which was established for the first time in a second level hospital, and to emphasize the importance of endoscopy units in district hospitals located far from central hospitals. The study comes to the fore in terms of dealing with the data of a district hospital where an endoscopy unit was established for the first time. The data of 440 patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation were analyzed. The study included 320 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal tract and 120 who underwent lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination. The endoscopic and pathological diagnoses given to patients were examined based on the data obtained, and descriptive statistics were performed. The cases undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination had a mean age of 53.93±16.14 years, and those undergoing lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination had a mean age of 53.71±15.86. Of cases undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination, 70.3% had antral gastritis (n=225), 34.8% had ulcers (n=111), 10.3% had hiatus hernia (n=28), 9.1% had esophagitis (n=29), and 9.1% had duodenitis (n=29). Among the cases endoscopically diagnosed with cancer, 0.9% were localized in the distal esophagus (n=3) and 0.6% in the antrum (n=3). Of cases undergoing lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination, 20% were diagnosed with polyp (n=24), 10% with diverticulum (n=12), 3.3% with hemorrhoidal disease (n=4), and 5% with cancer (n=6). As a result, the data obtained from the study emphasize the importance of endoscopy units in district hospitals located far from central hospitals.
Mid-term Results of Double Chamber Right Ventricle in Association with Genetic Syndromes
Authors: İştar Hande , Harmandar Buğra
Published: April 2024

Double chamber right ventricle (DCRV) is a congenital disease in which a hypertrophied muscle band divides the right ventricle chamber into two. The early-mid-term follow-up of 6 patients with DCRV and distant genetic syndromes is reported in this paper. A retrospective analysis was performed of 6 DRCV patients with a mean age of 3.9±1.4 years. Concomitant cardiac anomalies were perimembranous ventricular septal defect (n=3), atrial septal defect (n=1), mild aortic regurgitation (n=1), discrete subaortic membrane (n=1). Associated genetic syndromes were Costello (n=1), Seckel (n=1) and Down syndromes (n=4). The mean follow-up period was 4.86±4.6 years. Mean systolic pressure gradient in the right ventricle in the postoperative was 18.5±11.5 mmHg. No mortality occurred and there was no requirement for reintervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in literature of concomitant DCRV with Costello and Seckel syndromes.
Rat PKU Model Display Gender-Based Neuroinflammatory Changes: Proinflamatuary Cytokines and Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Çiçek Çiğdem , Gök Müslüm , Bodur Ebru
Published: April 2024

Phenylketonuria (PKU) results from congenital defects of amino acid metabolism. Accumulated phenylalanine crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes permanent brain damage, but the neuro-pathophysiology underlying phenylketonuria is not fully understood. Chemically-induced rat phenylketonuria model of both genders was generated to examine the role of inflammatory response, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex. Our results showed that in phenylketonuria there was an increase in lipid peroxidation compared to controls, which was significantly different only in males (p<0.001). In male rat PKU groups, statistically significant differences were also observed in serum tryptophan (p<0.001) and interleukin-1β levels (p=0.014) as compared to male controls. In this study, gender-based changes in neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation were reported for the first time in a PKU model.
Penile Cancer in Kamenge Univesrity Hospital Center at Bujumbura: A Literature Review for Five Cases
Authors:   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology,  Republic of Congo, R Ndayirorere , NE Ngabire ,   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology,  Republic of Congo, MM Valimungighe ,   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology, Republic of Congo, L Bagaya ,   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology,  Republic of Congo, J Mossini ,   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology,  Republic of Congo, P Banderembako ,   Kamenge University Hospital Center - Bujumbura, BURUNDI/ Visceral Surgery and Urology,  Republic of Congo, JDG Avakoudjo ,   University Clinic of Urology and Andrology, National Hospital and University Center Hubert  Koutoukou Maga (CNHU HKM), Cotonou, Benin
Published: April 2024

Background: Penile cancer is the rarest among genitourinary cancers. Data on the extent (incidence and prevalence) and mortality of this cancer are either unavailable or scarce in most African countries, including Burundi.
William Blake’s The Ancient Britons: A Book and a Website (Now Vanished) Reviewed
Authors: Erle Sibylle
Published: April 2024

The artworks created by the Ancient Britons team are the result of critically informed readings and imaginings of the painting as it is described by Blake in A Descriptive Catalogue. These works were first exhibited in Stuttgart from 29 October 2020, with the exhibition temporarily closed in November and extended to 4 December. After the exhibition, presented as an ironic inversion of Blake’s failure to connect with his audiences in 1809, came the website, launched in July 2021. The exercise culminated in a book, which synthesizes the materials and experiences shared via the website and also frames them with a scholarly essay. This review, moving between all aspects of the project, will discuss the aspirations of the exhibition and its afterlife online and in book form.
Recognised and Non-recognised Problems in Orthoepy (A Language Consulting Perspective)
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR BULGARIAN LANGUAGE, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, TOMOV MILEN
Published: April 2024

The proposed paper presents the results of a study on inquiries to the Language Consultations Service related to orthographic problems. Based on the classification and analysis of the received questions, also taking into account the reasons for seeking specialized linguistic help, the problems of standard language pronunciation are outlined, which are realized by users and accordingly give rise to the need of consultations, and, on the other hand, the orthographic phenomena of which there is a complete lack of user interest. Attention is also paid to the different ways in which the questioners react to the realized orthographic problems – either through a specific enquiry arising from a hesitation or by expressing a critical attitude towards a given orthographic phenomena. Conclusions are drawn regarding the reasons for the very low interest in orthoеpic issues in general among users.
Data on the Changes in the Unstressed Broad Vowels in the Bulgarian Territorial Dialects
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR BULGARIAN LANGUAGE, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Antonova-Vasileva Luchia
Published: April 2024

The paper examines data from the main types of Bulgarian dialects on the reduction of wide vowels into narrow ones. Information from written sources and from own field research on speech within and beyond modern state borders is used. Attention is paid to the reduction о > у (u), а > ъ (ə) of vowels in Eastern and Western dialects as well as of the differences in the reduction of the vowel e. The cases of so-called akavism (о > а), the manifestations of which are also associated with the presence of an accent and with his influence of the opposition broad ~ narrow vowels are considered. The relationship between stressed quantity, which is recorded in some dialects, and reduction is discussed.
Not Just Any Melodic Contour: The Influence of Prosody on the Semantics of Indefinite Pronouns of the Type който и да е
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Dimitrova Denitsa , Laskova Laska ,   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Published: April 2024

This study aims to address a debated question concerning the influence of emphatic stress on the semantics of koyto i da e indefinite pronouns (IPs). The meaning of this class of IPs is often analyzed in comparison to the meaning of the class of koy da e IPs. In contrastive context koyto i da e forms imply absolute randomness in the selection of an element from a given set, while koy da e forms imply selection from a subset of elements of low and medium value. It is assumed that such a contrast is created in negative sentences. Some authors argue that in this type of context IPs from both classes are not interchangeable, while others suggest that placing emphatic stress on koyto i da e aligns its semantics with koy da e. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a survey in which respondents were asked to determine the semantics of nine structurally identical sentences containing koyto i da e indefinite pronouns, differing only in their prosodic contour (emphatic or non-emphatic). The article begins with a review of approaches to modeling the semantics of both types of indefinite pronouns and the role of negation and emphasis. Attention is given to the difference in expressive strength between written and spoken language and its impact. Subsequently, we present the survey, along with the obtained results and their interpretation.
Conflict Zones between the Written Norm and Spoken French and Some Issues in Teaching French Pronunciation to Bulgarians
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Zhechev Georgi
Published: April 2024

Outlining the context of increased attention to linguistic issues in French society, the article introduces a number of concepts related to the definition of norm types in the French language, specifies nuances in the terminology adopted in the main grammars of the French language and in some new publications in the field of French phonetics, phonology and sociolinguistics. Two phonetic phenomena (liaison and French schwa) have been outlined as conflict zones between the written norm and oral speech in the phonetic implementation of the graphic elements of the spelling system. Due to the substantial divergence between oral and written code in these phenomena, as well as in relation to the multitude of factors that intervene in deciding on their (non)realization, they are at the root of serious difficulties in learning French pronunciation. The article offers some tips for emphasizing their teaching.
Language, Culture and Activity: A Contrastive Study of Colloquial Bulgarian and Swedish
Authors:   Lund University, Sweden, Martinovski Bilyana
Published: April 2024

Spoken language is fundamental for human cognition and for the development of the human brain and human society yet it is not as rigorously studied as language struc-ture. One of the reasons is the difficulty of combining qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis in longitudinal studies based on authentic multimodal interaction data. The purpose of this paper is to examine cross-activity linguistic differences and similarities of spoken Bulgarian and Swedish and to propose methods for analysis of the relation between activity, culture and language in spoken language interaction. The results of this empirical study show that activity type has strongest impact on face-to-face spoken language interaction. The article presents hybrid qualitative-quantitative methods and sixteen measures for cross-linguistic cross-activity spoken language analysis.
Active Nominal Derivational Processes in the Russian Spoken to Children
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Voeykova Maria D.
Published: April 2024

Colloquial Russian has a rich set of productive derivation patterns used in informal registers directed to children, other relatives, friends or pets. This paper considers the most frequent patterns in child directed speech (CDS), such as diminutives (knižka  book-Dim, pesenka  song-Dim) and hypocorostics (Saša  Alexander, Nataša  Natalia). The paper is based on the analysis of the speech of parents from two longitudinal speech corpora of one girl and one boy from 2 to 3 years old. Their mothers demonstrated some differences in their use of derivatives concerning their preferences (mostly diminutives or hypocoristics – types или в tokens) and frequency. Most derivatives used by both mothers served as models for the important derivational processes: suffix rivalry with the same stem (hypocoristics) and adding one and the same suffixes to different stems (diminutive formation). Since the differences between literary Bulgarian and Russian in this sphere have been already described by several authors it would be interesting to compare the frequency of diminutives and hypocoristics in CDS for both languages.
A Collection of Bulgarian Child Language in Corpus Linguistics Terms
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavski University of Shumen, Popova Velka
Published: April 2024

The proposed article focuses on the application possibilities of corpus linguistics to the research of the child-adult speech interaction, and more specifically – the CHILDES automated computerized system for language data exchange, freely ac-cessible online at https://childes.talkbank.org. The main aim of the report is to present the first Bulgarian corpus, Bulgarian La-bLing Corpus (https://childes.talkbank.org/access/Slavic/Bulgarian/LabLing.html), where the linguistic resources are transcribed and annotated according to the terms of the platform, as well as to point out the advantages of the latter. Those include the conditions provided by CHILDES for improved precision in the collecting, transcribing and coding of the data, along with the automation of the analysis of large quantities of spoken material, which considerably enlarges the empirical basis on which new theories are built.
Pauses in the Speech of TV/News Presenters: Pragmatic Aspects
Authors:   ST. CYRIL AND ST. METHODIUS UNIVERSITY OF VELIKO TARNOVO, Koeva Silvia
Published: April 2024

The functions of intonation depend on the simultaneous action of its components (along with their overlay on the segmental language system). The desired effect in speech is achieved by following rules that are, in most cases, unconscious to native speakers. If communicators do not manage to follow the rules in terms of intonation, the optimal result of their communication cannot be reached. The present study marks and analyses violations of the regularities in the use of pauses, as a component of into-nation, in the Bulgarian media discourse, and more specifically – in the speech of tele-vision presenters. The object of the study are video materials broadcasted on bTV and NOVA. The conclusions highlight the specific features of media discourse that are typical for interviews and news broadcasts.
Stress and Intonation in Simple Sentences
Authors:   Plovdiv University Paisii Hiledarski, Koleva-Kostova Krasilina , Krasteva Hristiana ,   Plovdiv University Paisii Hiledarski
Published: April 2024

The research deals with the intonational characteristics and the stress in simple sentences taken from Bulgarian classic literature. By using software for acoustic analysis, we observe the intonational contours of simple sentences, aiming at characterizing the specific intonational features of the verb and its outer complement. We also observe the intonational features of the predicate in cases of different word order (SVO, SOV, VSO, etc.) The main goal is to summarize the data on stress and intonation of simple sentences from our corpus and to represent it as models of the prosody of simple predicates in Bulgarian.
Diagnostic Lexical Markers of the Bulgarian Dialects Spoken in Ukraine
Authors:   ODESA I. I. MECHNIKOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Georgiieva Svitlana
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to draw attention to the problems related to lexical marking of dialects. Contemporary dialectology is characterized by reflecting on what has been done and setting new tasks, searching for new methods and approaches. The notion of 'diagnostic dialect markers' is the main one in the modern field of dialect studies. It is related to the typical and original features of a dialect that are obvious to speakers of other dialects or literary languages, on the basis of which the speech can be relatively accurately identified and localized for dialectology and subsequently for the history of the language Most often diagnostic features belong to the category of localisms (features typical of a territorially limited region or a village), but it is also possible to typify a large formation (a group of dialects) through them. In the article the lexical markers of Ukrainian Bulgarian dialect types are presented.
The Triple Demonstrative Pronoun System in the Dialect of the Village of Rechane, Prizren Region
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR BULGARIAN LANGUAGE, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Garavalova Iliyana
Published: April 2024

In the article, from the point of view of the theory of grammatical oppositions, the organization and composition of the triple demonstrative pronoun system in the Rechanе dialect, which marks the western border of the Bulgarian linguistic land, is presented. It is emphasized on the signs on the basis of which it is built, and the existence of a logical relationship between them, which predetermines the number of its constituent members. The reasons that led to the limitation of the area of distribution of the triple paradigm of demonstrative pronouns and to the development towards its reduction to two-part, which characterize today the predominant part of the speech on our linguistic territory, and which has imposed itself as a norm from the point of view of the contemporary Bulgarian literary language, are also indicated. A parallel is drawn with the development of the four-member morphological category definiteness / definiteness (which arises on the basis of the phenomenon analyzed in the article) and its development, emphasizing the existing similarity in the two developmental processes. The presented analysis of the triple demonstrative pronoun system of the speech of the village of Rechane, Prizrensko is based on material personally collected by the author during the course of candidate student courses in Bulgarian language, literature, history and culture for the Bulgarian minority there in the period 2015–2019.
I Didn’t Hear You: An Attempt at Explaining a Verb’s Colloquial Usage Through the Prism of Etymology
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR BULGARIAN LANGUAGE, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Stefanov Simeon
Published: April 2024

The text attempts to explain the use of a verb in Bulgarian colloquial speech by examining the etymology of the corresponding common Slavic verb. On the basis of the registered forms in Slavic and the formal semantic parallels in more distant Indo-European languages, as well as what is known in science regarding the possible semantic evolution of the verbs for sense perception, an assumption is made as to what the considered meaning is due to.
Correlation Among Physical Properties of Parboiled Milled Rice During Hydrothermal Pretreatment Processing
Authors: Muchlisyiyah Jhauharotul , Shamsudin Rosnah , Kadir Basha Roseliza , Shukri Radhiah , How Syahmeer
Published: April 2024

The rice cultivar MR297 has a high harvesting yield but a low milling and head rice yield. Parboiling is one of the methods to increase the head yield of rice varieties. The colour of parboiled rice is intense due to husk colour absorption during soaking. This study researched the influence of hydrothermal pretreatment (soaking time and temperature) on the physical properties such as dimension, thousand kernel weight (TKW), density, volume expansion (Ve), colour, and hardness of parboiled milled rice. MR297 raw rice cultivars were soaked at 1:1 (w/w). Paddy was soaked at 50, 60, and 70°C for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr and steamed at 100°C for 20 min prior to drying for 24 hr at 38°C. It was discovered that the effects of soaking time and temperature varied with the physical properties of rice. Soaking time and temperatures were found to be significant (p<0.05) in terms of dimensional properties (length [L], width [W], and thickness [T]), TKW, density, Ve, colour (L*, a*, b*) and hardness of parboiled rice. The L, W, T, Ve, TKW, a*, and b* increase proportionally as time and temperature increased, while the density and L* were negatively correlated. The hardness was negatively correlated with the L and colour b* (yellowness) rice measurements. The principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that the soaking time was associated with L, W, T, density, Ve, and colour properties based on the loading analysis in the PC1. In contrast, the temperature, TKW and hardness were associated with PC2.
Advancements in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Method of AI-Based Classification and Segmentation Technique
Authors: Biswas Ankur , Banik Rita
Published: April 2024

Medical imaging is an important tool in the current healthcare system for precise diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of illnesses. The use of artificial intelligence, namely machine learning and deep learning approaches, has transformed medical picture interpretation and resulted in substantial advances in the area. This research looks at the most recent advances in artificial intelligence as they pertain to medical image processing, with a focus on the classification and segmentation of ocular problems. Given the rising frequency of eye diseases and the imperative need for early diagnosis, artificial intelligence (AI) presents a potential approach for automated, precise, and early detection of diverse ocular issues. The article discusses the most recent methodologies, challenges, and possible applications in the field of AI-driven segmentation and classification of ocular diseases utilizing medical imaging.
 
Received: 19 November 2023 | Revised: 7 March 2024 | Accepted: 23 April 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in public repository as cited and also available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Ankur Biswas: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Rita Banik: Methodology, Investigation, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Banking as a method of payment of obligations at merchants: A case study
Authors: Noguera Oliver Cruz , Yate Carlos Eduardo Garnica , Cano Carlos Alberto Gómez
Published: April 2024

Banking is a topic that is booming thanks to the contribution of technology; taking this into account, about the payment of obligations, as a first step, we seek to identify the level of banking of the merchants of Florencia, Caquetá, about the payment of their duties, as well as to know which are their most used concepts and means of payment. Given this objective, to achieve the lines proposed in this research, it was essential to create a method that would adjust to the needs. From this perspective, the qualitative method played a fundamental role, given that an interview was carried out with digital means to a population sample of 361 inhabitants, with a validation of expert judgment. Thanks to this process, an analysis was made and some results were found, which were described in categories such as knowledge, benefits, means, and methods of payment, where it was possible to conclude that banking in the companies of Florencia, Caquetá, is not an easy process; due to the type of business, it faces users who do not perceive in the best way the use of financial instruments as a means of payment.