bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRACING THE ARCHIVAL SOURCES OF THE FRENCH FEATURE FILM “ANDRANIK” ABOUT THE ARMENIANS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR(1928)
Authors:   “Neofit Rilski” South-West University, Piskova Mariyana
Published: August 2021

The first and still the only film about Andranik Ozanian (1865– 1927) was shot during the summer of 1928 in Bulgaria. Who financed and created the movie, why did the director Archavir Chakhatouny (1882–1957) choose Bulgaria for the scenes in the open, why wasn’t the film shown in Soviet Armenia and how did it get to Yerevan – those are part of the questions the paper will try to answer. To that end the author searched for the archival documents in the archives and museums of Armenia and Bulgaria. The richest source is the personal fund of the Armenian emigrant in Paris Arshavir Shakhatuni (1882–1957). After his death, the documents were transferred to the Yeghishe Charents Museum of Literature and Arts in Yerevan. Among them, a special place is occupied by biographical documents, documents about theatrical roles and roles in cinema, which he performed, materials about early cinema and the history of the creation of the film “Andranik”. The National Archives of Armenia keeps the documents which detail the participation of Chakhatouny in the First World War and in the government of the First Armenian Republic (1918–1920) as the commandant and chief of police of Yerevan. The most valuable source is the film “Andranik” which was received by the State Archives of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) in 1972. During the period, the name of Andranik was banned until the end of the 80s of the 20th century. There was censorship and contradicting assessments of Andranik by Armenians and Azerbaijanis (“hero” or “enemy”) were “concealed”. For this reason, the film might have got into Armenia through the Armenian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, founded by the resolution of the Communist Party of the ASSR. The official activity of the Society was related to the cultural events abroad but in fact it was used to gather information about the political emigrants. In the Bulgarian archives one may find the archive “traces” of Chakhatouny’s performances on the Bulgarian theatrical scenes and also his correspondence with the actor Georgi Stamatov (1893–1965), that documents contain the valuable data on the history of the film creation. Thanks to the archives, the film ‘Andranik’ can be seen and the story of its creation and distribution in the past century can be reproduced.
MATERIALS OF THE COLLECTION OF SOVIET UNION HEROES(THE CENTRAL STATE ARCHIVES OF MOSCOW): L.A. BUTKOV, THE PARTICIPANT OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   Central State Archives of Moscow, Voytikov Sergei S.
Published: August 2021

The work introduces into scientific circulation the documents (autobiography and memoirs) from the personal file of L.A. Butkov, the Soviet Union Hero; his dossier being deposited inside the collection of Soviet Union Heroes (the Central State Archives of Moscow, F. P-8682). If the autobiography is an extremely formalized text, the memoirs mentioning the author’s hatred towards the Nazi invaders are written in easy language, reflecting the impressions of those ordinary fighters who, to a large extent, won the Great Patriotic War. The title of the Soviet Union Hero was awarded to the company commander of the 164th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 55th Guards Rifle Division of the 56th Guards Army senior lieutenant L.A. Butkov on May 16, 1944, for his distinction in the Kerch-Eltigen military operation. The company was the first to land on the shore occupied by the enemy and managed to hold the bridgehead, ensuring the successful landing of the entire division. During the battle, the company commander personally destroyed the machine gun with the gunners and 11 more enemy soldiers. The documentary collection, which holds L.A. Butkov’s file, was collected after the war by the Institute of Party History of the MC and MGK VKP(b), headed by the director of the Institute G.D. Kostomarov
WESTERN EUROPEAN AND BYZANTINE SOURCES OF THE MIDDLE AGES ABOUT THE RELATIONS BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN CHRISTIANS AND THE CAPTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE CRUSADERS IN 1204
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Abramov Dmitriy M.
Published: August 2021

Historical sources and evidence of the eyewitnesses of the 4th crusade in many respects reflect the complexity and sharpness of the contradictions between the Western and Eastern Christendom at the turn of the 12th – 13th centuries. The evidence and narrations proceed from the most direct participants in the military events, broke out on the shore of the Bosporus in 1203–1204. The authors of those materials belonged to the two opposing camps, and therefore the analysis of those sources represents a sufficiently complete and detailed picture of the occurred tragedy. A thorough analysis of the sources makes it possible to at least partially see and comprehend the causes of the military confrontation between the Western and Eastern Christians, who represented – just a while ago, in the first half of the 11th century – the united Ecumenical Church. The sources vividly reflect the mood that prevailed in the crusaders’ encampment in April, 1204, hesitation and doubt of the bulk of the Cross Warriors who were not sure of the rightness of their actions in the preparation for the assault of Constantinople. Many of them understood that they would have to raise the sword against their fellow believers – the Christians of the East. But the most tragic outcome of the 1202–1204 Crusade was the crushing defeat of Constantinople by the Cross Warriors. For the Romans (Byzantines) that became the reason for the disintegration of the Roman Empire. For all Eastern Christians it indicated the demise of the capital of the Orthodox Christendom.
DOCUMENTS OF THE ARCHIVES OF MOSCOW ON THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX OF THE SAINTS MARTHA AND MARY CONVENT OF MERCY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Sleptsova Anna A.
Published: August 2021

The article describes the documents on the architectural and artistic design of the buildings of the Martha and Mary Convent of Mercy and Labor during the rule as prioress of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova. The search for sources on the creation history of the creation of the architectural complex of the Abode is significantly difficult due to the fact that the Abode fund did not survive as a whole collection in the archives. As part of the work on the reconstruction of the historical and documentary heritage of the Martha and Mary Convent, the author makes an attempt to systematize documents reflecting the history of the construction and arrangement of the Abode on the basis of a historiographic analysis of works devoted to the history of the Abode, published and unpublished sources. The author notes that in recent years, research interest in the history of the Martha and Mary Convent, and, in particular, its architectural ensemble, has noticeably increased, which was caused by the solemn events in honor of the centenary of the Convent’s foundation celebrated in 2009. However, Russian historiography mainly focuses on the study of the architectural and artistic design of the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos – an outstanding creation of the Russian architect A.V. Shchusev. The presented review of archival documents supplements the already known information about the entire complex of buildings of the Martha and Mary Convent and gives an idea of the information potential of the Moscow archives on the topic presented.
RECORDING THE LABOR INTENSITY OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN HAZARDOUS AND HARMFUL CONDITIONS IN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MODELING AND CONTROLLING THE LOSS OF WORKING TIME FROM DISEASES
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vinogradova Mariya V. , Maksakov Aleksei A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Samokhvalov Aleksei E. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: August 2021

For modern information systems for modeling and monitoring the labor resources, as well as to ensure the quality of a special assessment of working conditions, it is necessary to study the impact of the labor intensity and adapt methods for analyzing the non-production losses from temporary disability of employees. The authors supplemented the previously presented mathematical model for non-productive losses of working time from diseases and industrial injuries of workers engaged in dangerous and harmful working conditions with normal and increased intensity. Also, the shortcomings of the automated modeling system based on the flow model, which led to distortion of the research results, were eliminated. The influence of the labor intensity in harmful production conditions on human health is taken into account. The developers conducted experiments with the data of the automated information management system of a construction enterprise, where employees are engaged in the construction of main gas pipelines in various regions of Russia. The practical significance of the research results is formulated: the changes made to the system significantly improve the quality of special assessments of working conditions, regularly conducted at enterprises, as well as the quality of the labor norms setting. The application of the presented modeling system is especially relevant in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, when it is necessary to accurately determine the risk groups of workers.
MY G.G. CHERNY. SOLDIER'S PATH. SOME PROBLEMS OF AEROMECHANICS AND GAS DYNAMICS IN THE 20TH CENTURY. ANALYTICS CLASSIC
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bogdanov Andrei N.
Published: August 2021

The article tells about the life and main directions of scientific research of the outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of mechanics, Academician Gorimir Gorimirovich Cherny (1923–2012); as well as it gives an overview of some of the results obtained to date in the development of his work in the field of analytical study of the dynamics of shock waves in inhomogeneous media, determining the optimal shape of bodies in a supersonic flow, exothermic flows, boundary layer theory, transonic flows. A graduate of Moscow University, G.G. Cherny was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, after its end he played a big role in the development of many areas of science, the organization of scientific research, the education of scientific personnel. He was one of the founders of the Research Institute of Mechanics at Moscow State University, held managerial positions in scientific and educational institutions, and created a scientific school in the field of mechanics. Research by G.G. Cherny, in the main, referred to high-speed gas dynamics. He carried out analytical studies of the subtle issues of calculating flows in various conditions and devices. Many of his results have become classic.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shunikov Vladimir L.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the influence of digital technologies on Russian literature. The author explores new poetic formations caused by Web impact. Transformation of the author’s and reader’s competencies, ideas about a literary work and its language are discussed. Web as a literary startup determines the further creative path of the writers. Network “navigators” that help the reader look around the current literary situation are named. The opposition “literature – network literature” leads to the literary phenomena, which are functioning only on Internet. The most significant of such projects, features of text generating and reception on Web are noted. The researcher points to the implementation of different sub-paradigms of modern literature (postmodern, neo-naturalist, avant-garde, neo-sentimentalist, post-romantic, etc.) using the principles of Internet communication. The most representative phenomena of Internet creative work are characterized: blog literature in its various incarnations, both the invariant features of the blog discourse – and the searches of modern authors using that form. Modernization of genre strategies, the precedent of network drama, influence of computer games on the literary poetics are considered. Language renovations, attempts to generate texts by neural networks and other experiments that form the “digital poetics” of the newer literature are discussed.
THE METAPHOR “LONDON-AS-TEXT” AS A FUNDAMENTAL ONTOLOGICAL METAPHOR IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE LONDON TEXT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTIC CULTURE
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Sosnin Alexei V. , Balakina Yulia V. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Kiseleva Elena V. ,   Nizhniy Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: August 2021

The article examines the key ontological metaphor within the London supertext of English linguistic culture – the metaphor, according to which the topos of the British capital is represented in the form of semiotic space, or a text open to reading and interpretation. The London supertext is viewed as an invariable semantic construct, the total sum of semes to be found in all the texts about the city, which have already been or will potentially be written. Along with the combinations of semes, static and dynamic, the London supertext incorporates standard algorithms of their deployment into real textual sequences. The article regards metaphor as a basic operation linking the supertextual levels. Metaphor is substantiated semantically, i.e. the article explains the possibility of predicating unobvious semantic components. The article views the metaphoric realizations of the London supertext from the perspective of possible worlds in semantics. Proceeding from an analysis of belles-lettres texts from the English literary canon, the article concludes that reading London as a text implies the scenarios of its intra- and intertextual interpretation (with the involvement of other cultural codes and information from previous eras) of topographical and notional wandering, and of acquiring space as perceiving textual meaning. Such scenario-type groups of semes coupled with the standard strategies of their realization constitute the dynamic component of the London supertext.
A COMPLEX MODEL OF THE WILD NATURE DOCUMENTARY AVT ANALYSIS
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Filatova Ekaterina A.
Published: August 2021

The article aims at presenting a complex model of the nature documentary AVT (audiovisual translation) analysis. Lambert – van Gorp’s scheme and V. Komissarov’s complex model are widely used and applied to analyzing translation. Those two models make up the basis of AVT analysis. In accordance with Lambert – van Gorp’s scheme, the preliminary data, macro-level, micro-level and systemic context of the nature documentary AVT are studied. V. Komissarov’s five-level equivalence model is also implemented in a complex model of the nature documentary AVT analysis, that model analyzes the equivalence of translation of an audiovisual work at every level and suggests translation strategies to achieve it. The article focuses on the fact that when analyzing the linguistic component of the AVT of a documentary film, it is impossible to negate the audiovisual component. In that regard, audiovisual components and how to translate them into the language of the host country are considered. The audiovisual component implies four codes: music, sound, iconographic and mobility, which are meticulously studied in the article. Following the research the author undertakes the complex model of the wild nature documentary AVT analysis.
“I WANT TO SLEEP” BY CHEKHOV. POETICS “JUSTIFYING” VAR’KA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Seifert Еlena I.
Published: August 2021

The author of the article proves that by means of poetics (at the spatio-temporal, motivic, subject-object, plot-compositional, speech and other levels), the deliberate involvement of physiological (the cry of an infant as a strong stimulus, the lack of description and concretization of the child) and medical data (receptive and cognitive disorders in humans with insufficient sleep) Chekhov “justifies” his heroine. Forcing the severity of the heroine’s emotional state, coupled with a change in the chronotope (night, the owners’ room; day, the owners’ apartment, front door, shop; night, the owners’ room), as a result, demonstrates an affective state (madness) that makes Var’ka insane at the time of the crime. Chronologically, Chekhov pushes the murder event to the very end of the work, gradually arousing in the reader empathy for Var’ka, for example, through a narrator who can see events through her eyes, and the specifics of the speech addressed to the heroine (orders, threats, insults) and of that coming from her (automatic purring lullaby). Within the work, in the course of the plot, the space of the heroine’s dream and reality dwindles the author thickens her emotional state; half-reality stratifies into the reality and dream, takes up more and more space and time and gradually turns into madness. The real, albeit indirect, murderers of the child are his parents.
“HERE IS MY PLAN”. AN ARTISTIC DETAIL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF SEMANTICS OF THE TIME FLOW IN THE CHERRY ORCHARD BY CHEKHOV
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Maryakhina Elena A.
Published: August 2021

The article makes an attempt to evaluate the role that an artistic detail plays in the formation of meaning related to the concept of time in The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov. The episode where Yermolai Lopakhin represents the contents of his plan is taken as a material for the analysis. The examination of the plan becomes very important if one uses it for interpretation of a vision of the future that the character suggests. The close analysis of the details included into the plan allows finding that Lopakhin’s image of future life contains some elements of the past or the recurrence of what already existed in the past. The linguistic and semantic repetitions and intersections for the sense bearing components of out-of-stage artistic details related to imaginary future and the details that exist in the stage and out-of-stage space of the present lead to the formation of certain motifs. The examination of the system of details in the context of the episode where Lopakhin describes his plan and in the context of the literary text of the play as a whole gives an opportunity to look from a new angle at the semantics of the time flow and at the ontological layer in the last Chekhov’s play
SAMUEL BECKETT’S GERMAN INCLINATION
Authors:   Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin – the branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zatonskaya Olga V.
Published: August 2021

The article’s topic is formation of the artistic world of S. Beckett. Along with such factors of the “education” of the Irish writer as the world of the ideas and novels of D. Joyce, as a close acquaintance with traditions of the French drama and poetics of the “absurd” that he himself formed, the influence of the German culture and literature was an important aspect of his becoming a writer. German literature inspired Beckett by phenomena of the everyday culture, language, and the works and philosophical ideas of such thinkers as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Hölderlin. From them S. Beckett perceived and artistically reflected in his work an idea of a tragic solitude of an artist, his being misunderstood in love, an ironic distance in regard to the very idea of tragedy and the idea of a “superman” as the final stage in the formation of a “true” person. In the German language, Beckett often borrowed both the colloquial racy vocabulary and the structural organization of his works. The author believes that Beckett’s interest in intellectually close Schopenhauer and Nietzsche lead him to the theme of antiquity, inseparable from German culture. That is why one can see their common views on such fundamental concepts of existence as the cyclicality and inanition, death of God, solitude.
Regulatory regulation of waste processing in Russia and abroad
Authors: Gerasimov Aleksandr
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing legal framework and law enforcement practice in Russia in the field of waste processing and compare it with the experience of countries that are successful in this area. A positive example of progressive legislation in this area will be illustrated by the Swedish waste recycling regulation.
USE OF OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR MANAGING A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION IN A CRISIS ECONOMY
Authors: Repushevskaya Ol'ga , Khomutova Yelena
Published: August 2021

The article explores the possibilities of using operational analysis tools for managing a commercial organization in a crisis economy. The approaches to the use of indicators of the profitability threshold and the margin of financial strength to prevent the insolvency and bankruptcy of the organization are considered. The target function of the economic activity of a commercial organization has been formalized. The possibilities of regulating the strength of the operating leverage to reduce the loss of the company's profit with a decrease in sales in the context of the economic crisis have been studied.
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of re-contact rates and clinical characteristics in diabetic patients referred by paramedics to a community diabetes service following a hypoglycaemic episode
Authors: Bloomer Karl
Published: August 2021

Aims:To report the re-contact rates and clinical characteristics of individuals referred to community diabetic teams following non-conveyance by HCPC paramedics.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study of routinely collected data by the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service HSC Trust of individuals referred to a community diabetic service following ambulance attendance and non-conveyance. Data were collected over a 3-month period with ambulance service re-contact and clinical data analysed.Results:418 emergency calls were identified as relating to hypoglycaemia with 169 referrals being made, a referral rate of 40.4%. Patients treated with insulin represented the majority of calls and tended to have a lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, but demonstrated many successful referrals. Increased age and multimorbidity were associated with repeat hypoglycaemic episodes and EMS attendance while other subgroups traditionally considered higher risk, such as patients with infections or under the influence of alcohol, showed potential for safe community management.Conclusion:The majority of paramedic referrals to community diabetic teams were successful, with less than 5% re-contacting the ambulance service within 3 days. This study, although demonstrating a lower referral rate than previous research, reinforces the safety of paramedic management and community referral for hypoglycaemia.
How does the use of humour in the UK ambulance service affect a clinician’s well-being?
Authors: Lancaster Connie , Phillips Peter
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Paramedics and ambulance staff face many different stresses in today’s UK ambulance service, with many having reported an effect on their well-being and mental health. Humour is widely used by staff as a coping mechanism, but little is known about this topic.
This literature review aims to find out how humour is used and how it can affect clinicians’ well-being.Methods: A total of nine medical databases were searched for relevant literature ‐ Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, Science Direct, Medline Complete, Complementary
Index, Academic Search Complete, Emerald Insight and Supplemental Index. Articles were included if they were published in 2005 or after, if they were a UK-based original study and if they studied humour in relation to paramedics’ well-being.Results: After limiters were applied,
a total of 26 articles were found. Only four articles met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two of the articles studied humour directly, whereas two found humour as a result of studying the resilience and strategies used to cope with the stresses of ambulance work. Four key themes
were identified: different types of humour, the source and boundaries of humour, offloading and camaraderie.Conclusion: This review of the literature found that many in the ambulance community view their use and expression of humour as a positive coping strategy that helps them
to relieve the stresses of the job. Further research is needed to investigate any negative effects that humour has on a clinician’s well-being and larger studies are needed to give a better representation of the ambulance community.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR THE GENERATION OF MONODISPERSE MICROBUBBLES AS DRUG TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors: W. D Araújo Filho , A. G. S Chaves Antônio , F. F. Dos Santos , Santos Junior A. F.
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: The localized delivery of drugs has been established since the early eighties of the 20th century as a promising alternative for the localized treatment of tumours, based on the mitigation of side effects produced by traditional methods, notably the administration of chemotherapy by systemic route. Countless scientific works have been dealing with this theme in an attempt to make this therapeutic technique viable and accessible. One of the ways to take the drug to the chosen site is through the use of microbubbles as drug carrier units activated through an ultrasonic field with adequate wavelength and frequency. Therefore, these units must have very peculiar characteristics, such as dimensions, homogeneity, echogenicity and structural characteristics, in addition to the ability to take the therapeutic vector intact to the desired location. In the generation of microbubbles, microfluidic devices of different geometries and different configurations are used, according to the state of the art related to this theme. DEVELOPMENT: In this work the technique used is the fabrication of micro fluidic devices using 3D printing. With this technique, it is possible to manufacture the devices in a single step, eliminating time-consuming and more complex intermediate procedures. The devices were manufactured using an Object Eden 250 printer, using the transparent resin VeroClear®. With these devices it was possible to produce microbubbles with diameters of the order of 16-73 µm with degrees of poly dispersion less than 1%. However, there are difficulties to be overcome, notably with regard to the final composition of the devices. Due to the physical characteristics of the microbubble, notably in relation to its lipid coating layer, the search for drug transport systems is an important strategy.  CONCLUSION: In this work, an account of these difficulties will be made, in addition to the proposition of alternatives to overcome them. Additionally, compatible drugs will be suggested to be attached to microbubbles according to their structural composition.
Dimensão Ética da Mediação da Informação
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Henriette
Published: August 2021

Analytical study of literature that focuses on information as a social phenomenon, in comparison with others about mediation of information, socio-interactionist theories, social protagonism, education, culture and politics. Put in evidence the relevance of mediation of information when it reaches its dialogical, aesthetic, formative, ethical and political dimensions, having the ethical dimension as the ruler of the interference action, ensuring the exercise of problematization that contributes of the appropriation of information, and práxis for the awareness of those involved in the mediating action, favoring the development and strengthening of social protagonism as mediation intentionality, demanding the performance of the organic intelectual, under the conception of Gramsci.
Go, girls! longitudinal data on gender differences in Internet use in Brazil
Authors: Olinto Gilda , Sugahara Pinheiro Sonoe , Bernuci dos Santos Nadia
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on gender differences in Internet use in Brazil and how it is changing over time, considering its interplay with other environmental and social conditions. Initially, we consider evidence and theoretical approaches of women’s detachment from technology. We then look at data obtained from the 2005 and 2015 Brazilian Bureau of Census Annual Surveys. The results indicate that Internet use grew substantially in the country, but a large portion of the population is still segregated from it. The results also show that some social conditions for Internet use seem to have decreased their impact; however, in 2015 these factors still show a strong effect on the use of this technology. Insofar as gender is concerned, the analyses of its interplay with environmental and social conditions, and its change over time, bring about intriguing, albeit positive results: Women seemed to have transitioned from a slightly inferior to a somewhat better position relative to men.
Calidad de planta de Quercus rugosa Née en vivero
Authors: De Jesús Albino Francisca , Ignacio Hernández Rosalina , Trejo Dante Arturo Rodríguez , Mohedano Caballero Leopoldo
Published: August 2021

México reúne más especies de Quercus que cualquier otro país en el mundo; sin embargo, casi no hay investigaciones sobre su producción de planta en vivero, ni de indicadores de calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir al conocimiento de la calidad de planta de Q. rugosa, mediante la obtención de indicadores morfológicos, fisiológicos, prueba de crecimiento potencial de raíz y establecer el tamaño de contenedor adecuado para producirla en vivero. Bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, se midieron variables morfológicas, fisiológicas (concentración nutrimental, tensión hídrica) y se hizo la prueba de crecimiento potencial de raíz. Los contenedores grandes produjeron planta con mayores (p<0.05): diámetro (4.5 mm), altura (24.4 cm), peso seco total (4.3 g); así como índice de Dickson (0.6) y coeficiente de esbeltez (5.7), sin diferencias con el contendor mediano, pero superiores al pequeño. No hubo diferencias para la relación peso seco aéreo/peso subterráneo (promedio de 1.4). Tampoco las hubo para concentración nutrimental foliar, con medias: N (1.3 %), P (0.15 %), K (1 %), Ca (0.67 %), Mg (0.45 %), Fe (88.9 ppm), Cu (12 ppm), Zn (104.7 ppm), Mn (102 ppm) y B (55 ppm). Sin diferencias entre tratamientos para tensión hídrica, aunque sí a través del tiempo: 0.58 MPa (3 d), 0.89 MPa (7 d) y 2.74 MPa (11 d). La planta en contenedores grandes emitió más raíces nuevas (media de 65.7) y es la más apropiada para reforestación. Los indicadores de calidad obtenidos pueden ser útiles para la especie estudiada y para otras del género.
TYPE 2 DIABETES;
Authors: Majeed Babar Muhammad Zafar , Hussain Mazhar , Manzur Asma
Published: August 2021

Background: The data among vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control isvariable and contradictory in various clinical studies. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of vitD supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Case controlstudy. Setting: Private Clinical Set up of District, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: August to October2016. Patients and methods: 100 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into groupA and group B each contained 50 patients .The cases in group A were treated with vitamin D3at the dose of 50,000 units per week orally while cases in group B were treated with placeboalong with the standard doses of anti-diabetic drugs. The value of HbA1c and Vit D wereassayed pre and post treatment by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Therewas significant post treatment changes observed in vitamin D level in group A vs group B inmales 20.46±2.45 vs 15.16±1.47 (p= 0.001) and females 18.32±1.44 vs 13.95±2.48 (p= 0.09)There was significant post treatment changes in HbA1c in males 6.65±0.12 vs 8.34±0.71 (p=0.01) and in females 6.81±0.43 vs 8.04±0.71 (p= 0.03) in group A and group B respectively.Similarly better improvement in vitamin D and HbA1c level was seen with respect to aged group30-50 years and duration of diabetes less than 5 years. Conclusion: Vitamin D is deficient in ourpopulation and its supplementation not only improves its own level but also glycemic control intype 2 diabetic patients.
LICHEN AMYLOIDOSIS;
Authors: Mansoor Maria , Kapadia Naseema , Talat Humaira , Iqbal Tayyaba , Athar Saher , Farooq Nadia , Faisal Shahmoona , Fatima Feroza , Ahmed Asim Sadaf
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Lichen amyloidosus (LA) is the major variant of the primarycutaneous amyloidoses which present with severe and therapy resistant itching. Varioustherapeutic modalities such as antihistamines, intralesional injection or topical applicationof corticosteroids, etretinate, UVB irradiation and dermoabrasion have been employed withvariable success. Some authors have observed encouraging beneficial clinical effects by usingtopical dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Objectives: The objective of the study was to: evaluatethe efficacy of topical Dimethyl sulfoxide (D.M.S.O) 70% in Lichen Amyloidosis. Study Design:Case series. Settings: This study was conducted at dermatology department, Abbasi ShaheedHospital in outpatient department (OPD). Duration of Study: The data collection was done in06 months after approval of synopsis. From: 2nd June 2013 to 2nd December 2013. Results: Inthis study, out of 71 cases, 42.25%(n=30) were between 16-40 years while 57.75%(n=41) werebetween 41-80 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 41.79+10.87 years, 26.76%(n=19)were male and 73.24%(n=52) were females, 36.62%(n=26) had <6 months and 63.38%(n=45)had ≥6 months of duration, frequency of efficacy of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (D.M.S.O) in lichenamyloidosis reveals 66.20%(n=47) while 33.80%(n=24) did not show efficacy. Conclusion: Weconcluded that the efficacy of topical Dimethyl sulfoxide (D.M.S.O) 70% in Lichen Amyloidosisis higher and in accordancde with other studies. It may be utilized in future for such cases.
ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA;
Authors: Naeem Romaisa , Naeem Samina , Sharif Ammarah , Rafique Humera , Naveed Asif
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive haematologicalmalignancy with highest incidence in older adults. AML accounts for approximately 25% of allleukemias in adults in the Western world, and therefore is the most frequent form of leukemia.Objective: The aim of study was to analyze the demographic and clinical features and frequencyof various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia in adult age group in our population. Studydesign: Descriptive Cross sectional survey. Settings: The study was conducted in PathologyDepartment, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Study Period: Five years September2007 to September 2011. Material and Methods: A five year data of patients diagnosed asacute myeloid leukemia was collected from September 2007 to September 2011 in PathologyDepartment, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Patients on chemotherapy andradiotherapy were excluded from the study. Results: Among the 77 patients of Acute MyeloidLeukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia with maturation AML M2 (37.7%) was the most commonsubtype and the least common was Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia AML M7 (1.3%).Meanage for AML was 28 years (Range 15-75 years). M:F ratio was 1.5:1. Fever was found be the mostfrequent presenting feature followed by pallor, bleeding and gum hypertrophy in the descendingorder. More than 50% patients presented with hepatosplenomegaly. Lymphadenopathy wasseen in 30% of patients. Mean peripheral blood blast count was 29%. 12 patients (15.5%)presented with pancytopenia. Conclusion: The study showed male predominance in Acutemyeloid leukemia with mean age of 28 years and the most common subtype was AML- M2.
PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA;
Authors: Javed Muhammad Sheraz , Javed Safdar Hassan
Published: August 2021

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists are mostfrequently prescribed medical management for LUTS and among these tamsulosin andterazosin are the most common. Objectives: To access comparison of efficacy of tamsulosinand terazosin for management of LUTS due to prostatic hyperplasia in terms of InternationalProstate Symptom Score (IPSS). Place and duration: Study being conducted at Departmentof Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad for period of 24 months from01-07-2014 to 30-06-2016. Methodology: 659 male patients enrolled in study and randomlyassigned to Group A (Patients being administered with tamsulosin) and Group B (Patients beingadministered with terazosin) and improvement in IPSS monitored over period of two weeks.Results: 659 patients enrolled with mean age+sd as 61.9+10.2 years. Group A includes 330patients while Group B include 329 patients. Among Group A, 250 patients showed significantimprovement in IPSS while in Group B, 215 patients showed significant response to medicalmanagement in terms of IPSS and both groups showed statistically comparative response.Statistical response of management also determined in terms of variables of IPSS severity,prostatic size and age of patient and found that efficacy of the two groups were statisticallycomparable for patients with mild IPSS while in patients with moderate IPSS has response totreatment with tamsulosin but no statistical association of efficacy for treatment with terazosin.No statistical response was found for improvement in symptoms in cases with severe IPSS ineither groups. When response monitored in terms of prostate size in both groups, it was foundthat both groups have statistical response when prostate size is less than 35 grams, between35-55 grams but in case when prostate size was more than 55 grams, no statistical responsewas found with group B patients. When response was measured in terms of variable of age,results were consistent with the fact that statistically significant response of efficacy was foundin either groups for age group 45-55 years and 56-65 years but no statistical response wasfound for Group B when considered for age group more than 65 years. Conclusion: Based onresults it is concluded that both tamsulosin and terazosin has got comparative results in overallresponse. However, tamsulosin has superiority in treatment when IPSS is moderate, prostatesize is more than 55 grams and age of patient is more than 65 years.
ATONIC PRIMARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE;
Authors: Qadir Maimoona , Amir Sohail
Published: August 2021

Background: Surgical methods of reduction of bleeding from uterus by insertingcompression sutures have been developed to reduce the need for emergency hysterectomy inpatients with atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage. Objectives: To determine the efficacyof B-Lynch brace suture in the management of atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage duringcesarean section. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: GynaecologyDepartment, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: 1st January 2016 to 31st December2016. Methodology: 14 patients who underwent B-lynch suturing for atonic PPH duringcesarean section, nonresponsive to medical line of management. Patient’s age, parity, bookingstatus, birth weight of newborn, blood transfusion and effectiveness of procedure was noted.The patients were followed up for 6months for any postprocedural morbidity. Results: In all 14patients with atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage with failed medical treatment, B-lynchsuture was applied. 10(71.42%) belonged to 21-30 years age group. 8(57%) were multiparousand 10(71.42%) were non booked. Birth weight of 9(52.94%) cases was 2-3kg.4-5 units of bloodwas transfused in 6(42.8%) cases. Most common indication for cesarean section was prolongedlabor in 4(28.57%), followed by placental abruption and multiple pregnancy in 3(21.42%)each. Success rate of this procedure was 92.85%. It failed in one patient who ended up inhysterectomy. Patients were followed for 6 months and no postprocedural morbidity was seen.Conclusion: This is a beneficial procedure for surgical treatment of atonic uterus especially inyoung patients where fertility issues are of concern, and has added advantage of less time ofapplication, less bleeding and lesser skill requirement.
PELVIC SUPPORT OSTEOTOMY WITH ILIZAROV METHOD;
Authors: Saeed Hafiz Salman , Iqbal Sajjad , Fayyaz Iqra , Aziz Amer
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the outcome of pelvic support osteotomy with Ilizarovmethod in patients undergoing Girdle stone procedure in terms of pain relief and limb lengthdiscrepancy. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Orthopaedicand Spine Surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital/Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore.Duration of Study: Six months (19-11-09 to 18-05-10) for sample collection and follow upfor next one year after the procedure. Materials and Methods: Forty five patients having hipjoint problems were included. The radiographs would include plain radiographs of the pelvisin neutral and single limb standing position and the femur of involved side to assess the pelvicobliquity. Surgery was performed in the supine position under spinal anesthesia. A proximalfemoral osteotomy was performed at the level of ischial tuberosity. The other distal femoralosteotomy was performed to lengthen and adjust the mechanical axis. Both these osteotomieswere then stabilized with Ilizarov external fixator. The standard rate of distraction is 1 mm/dayfor lengthening. Results: There were 30 male patients and 15 were female patients with maleto female ratio was 2:1. The mean ± SD between the ages was 23.69±7.80 years. Among allpatients, 43 patients had pain relief and 41 patients of limb length discrepancy. Conclusion:By using the Ilizarov technique, we could prevent the valgus effects created by the valgusextension osteotomy while achieving lengthening of the femur through the distal osteotomy inthe femur. It is an excellent technique for those patients who are not fit for total hip replacement.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS;
Authors: Shahid Hassan , Qadri Munaza , Hassan Sadia
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To assess the impacts of oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) on patientsthrough Oral Health Impact Profile, its correlation with clinical grading, and influence of OHIP-14on the patients willingness to quit habit. Study Design: A Cross sectional, Hospital based study.Setting: Isra university Hospital, Hyderabad. Period: Six months. Materials and Methods: Asample of 48 subjects was selected non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusionand exclusion criteria. Data was collected on a proforma. Informed consent was taken fromparticipants. Clinical diagnosis of OSMF was based upon clinical symptoms. Results: Malepopulation predominated over female. Oral health of OSF patients as evaluated in presentstudy, revealed overall bad oral health of study subjects. One or the other complaints of OHIP-14 were present in patients and they complained mainly about difficulties in word pronunciation,bad taste, mouth ache, uncomfortable eating, psychological discomfort etc. Pindborg stagingshows most patients fall in stage II 27 (56.2%), followed by stage I and II as 13 (27.0%) and8 (16.6%) respectively. Conclusion: Over all very bad oral hygiene was observed in most ofstudy population as determined by oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire in patients oforal submucosal fibrosis. OHIP-14 showed positive correlation with Pindborg clinical grading.OHIP-14 may help in improving oral hygiene of disease population in our community.
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS;
Authors: Bano Saeeda , Ujala Bushra , Mehreen Asma
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study is to detect the frequency of BacterialVaginosis in the outpatient clinic of Obs & Gyne Department of GHAQ Sahiwal. Design: It isan observational study. Materials and methods: Setting: In the outpatient gyne department ofGHAQ Sahiwal. Period: Six months. 500 patients were selected with complaint of discharge.Amsel criteria was used for diagnosis. For statistical analysis “Association test of Significance”was used. Main outcome measures: Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis in OPD patients and itsassociation with certain risk factors and complications. Results: Out of 500 patients, 105 werefound to have BV. So frequency is 21%. Out of 105 cases of BV, 16 (15.2%) were asymptomatic,12 (11.42%) pregnant, 93 (88.57%) non pregnant. Significant association was found betweenBV, preterm labour, pre PROM and IUCD use. Conclusion: Vaginal discharge is one of thecommonest reasons for hospital visit and Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest diagnosis soscreening of patients with this condition is advised.
CARCINOMA OF URINARY BLADDER;
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Khan Manzoor Ahmad , Khan Attiq ur Rahman , Amin Imran , Butt Muhammad Khalid
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The most common presentation of carcinoma of urinarybladder is haematuria. Almost 80-90% of patients with carcinoma of bladder present eitherwith microscopic or gross haematuria and it is mostly intermittent rather than constant. Somepatients also complain of irritative voiding symptoms such as frequency, urgency and dysuria.Study Design: Descriptive, case series study. Setting: Department of Urology, DHQ Hospital,Gujranwala, Pakistan. Period: July 2015 to June 2016. Materials & Methods: Total 30 patientsirrespective of age and gender with diagnosis of bladder tumor based on clinical symptomsand supported by laboratory tools like Urine cytology, Ultrasound and IVU were included. Thealready diagnosed patients of bladder tumor that have been treated with different modalitieswere excluded. All the tumors were staged according to TNM classification after TURBT andgraded on the basis of histopathology. Results: Mean age was 53.17+16.07SD years. Maleswere 25(83.3%) and females were 5(16.7%). Male to female ratio is 5:1. Twenty eight (93.3%)patients out of 30 presented with painless haematuria. 23(73.33%) patients out of 30 patientswere smokers. 09 (30%) patients had Ta, in which G1 was found in 2 patients and G2 in 7patients. T1 was found in 10 (33.3%) patients, in which G2 was 5(17.3%) and G3 was 5(17.3%)cases. Muscle invasive T2a was diagnosed in 04 patients amongst them G2 and G3 wasdetected in 2(6.6%) patients each respectively. T2b was present in 3 patients, which had G1 in1(3.3%) and G3 in 2(10%) patients. T3b G2 was found 01 patient and T3b G3 was detected in1(3.3%) patient, T4M1 G3 was present in 2(6.6%) patients. Conclusion: This study concludedthat the bladder tumor is quite common with muscle invasive TCC is more common. Painlesshematuria is the commonest presentation and also smoking has a definite association with CAbladder.
IMMUNIZATION STATUS;
Authors: Muhammad Dildar , Ali Sardar , Ahmad Ashfaq , Fatima Anum
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The overarching aim of this study was to determine mother’sknowledge regarding children immunization status in Peshawar, Pakistan. Study Design: Across sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. Method: A sample of 150mothers were recruited through convenience sampling. A self-administered questionnaire wasused to collect the required data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and present thedata in the form of figures, frequencies and percentages. Results: 20% of the mothers werecompletely unaware about the immunization status of their children. 38 % of the mothers had noproper knowledge regarding to administer the first dose of vaccination, 48% were ignorant themeasles vaccination while 40% of them were ignorant to the side effects of immunization and 26% didn’t know about these effects. The mean knowledge score was calculated as 65.6 % whilethe remaining 34.4 % indicated the unawareness regarding immunization among mothers.Conclusion: The findings (34.4%) of the study show that awareness of the mothers regardingimmunization is an important issue that needs to be addressed. There are certain factors thatneed to be worked out to get the maximum benefits and exposure of immunization statusamong children in Pakistan. Mother’s knowledge and awareness about this matter should betaken in consideration at every level for better health outcomes of children.