bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student/teachers from Turfloop: the propagation of Black Consciousness in South African schools, 1972–76
Authors: Heffernan Anne
Published: January 2019

The movement of school teachers to primary and secondary schools around South Africa and its Bantustans in the early and mid-1970s was an intentional part of the project of propagating Black Consciousness to school learners during this period. The movement of these educators played a key role in their ability to spread Black Consciousness philosophy, and in the political forms and methods they chose in teaching it. These were shaped by their own political conscientization and training in ethnically segregated colleges, but also in large part by the social realities of the areas to which they moved. Their efforts not only laid the foundation for Black Consciousness organization in communities across South Africa, they also influenced student and youth mechanisms for political action beyond the scope of Black Consciousness politics. This article explores three case studies of teachers who studied at the University of the North (Turfloop) and their trajectories after leaving university. All of these teachers moved to Turfloop as students, and then away from it thereafter. The article argues that this pattern of movement, which was a direct result of apartheid restrictions on where black South Africans could live, study and work, shaped the knowledge they transmitted in their classrooms, and thus influenced the political consciousness of a new generation.
Émigré Cabaret and the Re-invention of Russia
Authors: Senelick Laurence
Published: January 2019

Before the October Revolution, political exiles and Jewish refugees spread the image of Russia as a vast prison, riven by violence and corruption. After the Revolution, émigrés who scattered across the globe broadcast their idea of a fabulous, high-spirited Russia. Cabaret – an arena for theatrical innovation, stylistic experimentation, and avant-garde audacity – was a choice medium to dramatize this idea to non-Russian audiences. Throughout the 1920s, émigré cabarets enjoyed great popularity: Nikita Baliev's Chauve- Souris in New York, Jurij Jushnij's Die Blaue Vogel in Berlin, J. Son's Maschere in Italy, among others. Although the acts were polyglot and the compère pattered away in a pidgin version of whichever language was current, the chief attraction was an artificial Russian - ness. Cabarets promulgated a vision of a fairy-tale, toy-box Russia, akin to the pictures on Palekh boxes. This candy-box depiction was then perpetuated by nightclubs staffed by waiters in Cossack blouses and balalaika orchestras. Nostalgic regret for a factitious homeland deepened among the departed. In contrast, Soviet Russia came to look even more hostile and desolate. With time, the distance between the lives they had lived and those portrayed to foreigners increased, and became unmoored from reality. Laurence Senelick's most recent books include Soviet Theater: a Documentary History (2014, with Sergei Ostrovsky), the second, enlarged edition of A Historical Dictionary of Russian Theatre (2015), and Jacques Offenbach and the Making of Modern Culture (Cambridge University Press, 2017).
The Hungarian Professional Theatre in Greater Romania, 1918–1930
Authors: Burcică Pompilia
Published: January 2019

In this article Pompila Burcică traces the work and legal conditions in which Hungarian theatre professionals – company directors and actors – operated as a national minority of middle-class status in Greater Romania after 1918. Their attempts at representing Hungarian culture in the public space, as revealed in their business correspondence with the Romanian state, placed theatre professionals not at the vanguard of a collective action on behalf of a minority and its cultural life, but at the forefront of civic engagement and individual private initiative that led to economic recovery and development, thus illustrating the array of civic choices and economic opportunities for minorities holding Romanian citizenship in a nation state. The article focuses on two issues: the work environment for minorities that helped them adjust professionally and negotiate and exert a civic identity in the new nation state; and the degree to which a cultural field such as theatre was actually treated as an economic entrerprise, free of political interference. These civic and economic concerns accounted for the success of these theatre entrepreneurs, operating their businesses under the control of a paternalistic state.
Targeting FLT3 mutations in AML: review of current knowledge and evidence
Authors: Daver Naval , Schlenk Richard F. , Russell Nigel H. , Levis Mark J.
Published: January 2019

Genomic investigations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have demonstrated that several genes are recurrently mutated, leading to new genomic classifications, predictive biomarkers, and new therapeutic targets. Mutations of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene occur in approximately 30% of all AML cases, with the internal tandem duplication (ITD) representing the most common type of FLT3 mutation (FLT3-ITD; approximately 25% of all AML cases). FLT3-ITD is a common driver mutation that presents with a high leukemic burden and confers a poor prognosis in patients with AML. The prognostic value of a FLT3 mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD), which has a lower incidence in AML (approximately 7–10% of all cases), is uncertain. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FLT3 mutational status evolves throughout the disease continuum. This so-called clonal evolution, together with the identification of FLT3-ITD as a negative prognostic marker, serves to highlight the importance of FLT3-ITD testing at diagnosis and again at relapse. Earlier identification of FLT3 mutations will help provide a better understanding of the patient’s disease and enable targeted treatment that may help patients achieve longer and more durable remissions. First-generation FLT3 inhibitors developed for clinical use are broad-spectrum, multikinase inhibitors; however, next-generation FLT3 inhibitors are more specific, more potent, and have fewer toxicities associated with off-target effects. Primary and secondary acquired resistance to FLT3 inhibitors remains a challenge and provides a rationale for combining FLT3 inhibitors with other therapies, both conventional and investigational. This review focuses on the pathological and prognostic role of FLT3 mutations in AML, clinical classification of the disease, recent progress with next-generation FLT3 inhibitors, and mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors.
Enhancing genetic disease control by selecting for lower host infectivity and susceptibility
Authors: Tsairidou Smaragda , Anacleto O. , Woolliams J. A. , Doeschl-Wilson A.
Published: January 2019

Infectious diseases have a huge impact on animal health, production and welfare, and human health. Understanding the role of host genetics in disease spread is important for developing disease control strategies that efficiently reduce infection incidence and risk of epidemics. While heritable variation in disease susceptibility has been targeted in livestock breeding, emerging evidence suggests that there is additional genetic variation in host infectivity, but the potential benefits of including infectivity into selection schemes are currently unknown. A Susceptible-Infected-Recovered epidemiological model incorporating polygenic genetic variation in both susceptibility and infectivity was combined with quantitative genetics selection theory to assess the non-linear impact of genetic selection on field measures of epidemic risk and severity. Response to 20 generations of selection was calculated in large simulated populations, exploring schemes differing in accuracy and intensity. Assuming moderate genetic variation in both traits, 50% selection on susceptibility required seven generations to reduce the basic reproductive number R0 from 7.64 to the critical threshold of <1, below which epidemics die out. Adding infectivity in the selection objective accelerated the decline towards R0 < 1, to 3 generations. Our results show that although genetic selection on susceptibility reduces disease risk and prevalence, the additional gain from selection on infectivity accelerates disease eradication and reduces more efficiently the risk of new outbreaks, while it alleviates delays generated by unfavourable correlations. In conclusion, host infectivity was found to be an important trait to target in future genetic studies and breeding schemes, to help reducing the occurrence and impact of epidemics.
Silver-ion-mediated Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme activity for amplified fluorescence detection of cysteine
Authors: Zhao Xu-Hua , Zhang Li-Zhuan , Zhao Su-Ya , Cui Xiao-Hua , Gong Liang , Zhao Rong , Yu Bao-Feng , Xie Jun
Published: January 2019

Schematic illustration of a DNAzyme-based fluorescent biosensor for amplified Cys detection.
Recent development on the [5+2] cycloadditions and their application in natural product synthesis
Authors: Gao Kai , Zhang Yong-Gang , Wang Zhiming , Ding Hanfeng
Published: January 2019

The recent developments on the [5+2] cycloadditions and their application in the synthesis of complex natural products are discussed.
Twisted scroll wave dynamics: partially pinned waves in excitable chemical media
Authors: Porjai Porramain , Sutthiopad Malee , Khaothong Kritsana , Phantu Metinee , Kumchaiseemak Nakorn , Luengviriya Jiraporn , Showalter Kenneth , Luengviriya Chaiya
Published: January 2019

We present an investigation of the dynamics of scroll waves that are partially pinned to inert cylindrical obstacles of varying lengths and diameters in three-dimensional Belousov–Zhabotinsky excitable media.
Photoinduced C–H bond fission in prototypical organic molecules and radicals
Authors: Ashfold Michael N. R. , Ingle Rebecca A. , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Zhang Jingsong
Published: January 2019

We survey and assess current knowledge regarding the primary photochemistry of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals.
Electronic and structural features of octa-coordinated yttrium–ammonia complexes: the first neutral solvated electron precursor with eight ligands and three outer electrons
Authors: Almeida Nuno M. S. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: January 2019

The neutral and charged yttrium metal–ammonia complexes, [Y(NH3)8]0,±, are investigated quantum mechanically. It is shown that all of them bear a [Y(NH3)8]3+ core with two, three or four peripheral electrons.
PNN′ & P2NN′ ligandsviareductive amination with phosphine aldehydes: synthesis and base-metal coordination chemistry
Authors: Gradiski Matthew V. , Tsui Brian T. H. , Lough Alan J. , Morris Robert H.
Published: January 2019

Phosphorus-donor “arms” are readily added to amines in order to enable sturdy base metal coordination.
Interfacial polarizations induced by incorporating traditional perovskites into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for strong microwave response
Authors: Dai Sisi , Quan Bin , Zhang Baoshan , Liang Xiaohui , Ji Guangbin
Published: January 2019

The as-prepared La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/RGO nanocomposites were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method to provide excellent microwave absorbing performance resulting from good electrical conductivity and high impedance matching.
4.4 V supercapacitors based on super-stable mesoporous carbon sheet made of edge-free graphene walls
Authors: Nomura Keita , Nishihara Hirotomo , Kobayashi Naoya , Asada Toshihiro , Kyotani Takashi
Published: January 2019

Super-stable mesoporous carbon sheet made of edge-free graphene walls enabled the assembly of symmetric supercapacitors with excellent stability under 3.5 V@60 °C and 4.4 V@25 °C conditions, even with a conventional electrolyte.
Controlling hierarchical porous structures of rice-husk-derived carbons for improved capacitive deionization performance
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Yi Yilhoon , Peck Dong-Hyun , Yoon Seong-Ho , Jung Doo-Hwan , Park Ho Seok
Published: January 2019

We report on hierarchical porous carbons derived from rice husk (RH) through the combination of carbonization and two post-processing methods that were used as the electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI).
Efficient Fenton-like process for organic pollutant degradation on Cu-doped mesoporous polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Lyu Lai , Han Muen , Cao Wenrui , Gao Yaowen , Zeng Qingyi , Yu Guangfei , Huang Xuan , Hu Chun
Published: January 2019

Dual reaction centers are formed between C–O–Cu bonding bridges of Cu-MP NCs owing to cation–π interactions. H2O2 is reduced to ˙OH on electron-rich Cu centers, while pollutants are degraded on electron-deficient centers.
Retracted Article: Oleuropein inhibits esophageal cancer through hypoxic suppression of BTG3 mRNA
Authors: Zhang Fengli , Zhang Mei
Published: January 2019

Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the severest cancers causing most fatalities around the world with an increasing incidence.
Comparison of the nutritional properties and biological activities of kiwifruit (Actinidia) and their different forms of products: towards making kiwifruit more nutritious and functional
Authors: Ma Tingting , Lan Tian , Ju Yanlun , Cheng Guo , Que Zhiluo , Geng Tonghui , Fang Yulin , Sun Xiangyu
Published: January 2019

The nutritional properties and biological activities of kiwifruit and their different products made from same raw kiwifruit were investigated.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-phenyl pyrimidine derivatives as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors
Authors: Li Xinyu , Shi Binyu , Teng Yu , Cheng Yu , Yang Huizhu , Li Jiurong , Wang Lianjian , He Siying , You Qidong , Xiang Hua
Published: January 2019

BTK is an effective target for the treatment of B-cell malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases.
Facile and green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles loaded into cyclodextrin nanofibers and their catalytic application in nitroarene hydrogenation
Authors: Celebioglu Asli , Topuz Fuat , Uyar Tamer
Published: January 2019

Facile and green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles using cyclodextrin and their electrospinning into polymer-free nanofibers were reported.
Tailoring the emission polarization with metasurface-based emitters designed on a plasmonic ridge waveguide
Authors: Gan Fengyuan , Li Hongyun , Chen Jianjun
Published: January 2019

The emission polarization is tailored in both the spectral and spatial domains by designing metasurface-based emitters on plasmonic ridge waveguides.
A nano-junction of self-assembled mixed-metal-centre molecular wires on transparent conductive oxides
Authors: Vitale Stefania , Laramée-Milette Baptiste , Amato Maria Emanuela , Hanan Garry S. , Tuccitto Nunzio , Licciardello Antonino
Published: January 2019

Stable nano-junctions of highly conductive and photoactive molecular wires, based on Ru(ii)/Fe(ii) polynuclear complexes, were fabricated on transparent oxide surfaces and characterised.
Mn-Catalyzed azidation–peroxidation of alkenes
Authors: Chen Yuanjin , Tian Tian , Li Zhiping
Published: January 2019

The azidation–peroxidation of alkenes is developed in the presence of a manganese catalyst.
A computational mechanistic study of Ni(0)-catalyzed annulation of aromatic amides with alkynes: the effects of directing groups
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Qi , Fan Jia-Qi , Chen De-Zhan , Liu Jian-Biao
Published: January 2019

The mechanism of Ni(0)-catalyzed annulation of aromatic amides with alkynes was studied theoretically to investigate the effects of directing groups.
Landscape and opportunities for active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing in developing African economies
Authors: Riley Darren L. , Strydom Ian , Chikwamba Rachel , Panayides Jenny-Lee
Published: January 2019

This review will highlight the opportunities that exist in the localization of cutting-edge manufacturing technologies within an African context.
Fine-tuning of wettability in a single metal–organic framework via postcoordination modification and its reduced graphene oxide aerogel for oil–water separation
Authors: Eom Sunhwi , Kang Dong Won , Kang Minjung , Choe Jong Hyeak , Kim Hyojin , Kim Dae Won , Hong Chang Seop
Published: January 2019

Postcoordination modification of Mg2(dobpdc) with monoamines of various alkyl chain lengths enables facile fine-tuning of wettability and efficient oil–water separation.
A retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction: electrochemical reduction of [60]fullerene-fused lactones to [60]fullerene-fused ketones
Authors: Niu Chuang , Zhou Dian-Bing , Yang Yong , Yin Zheng-Chun , Wang Guan-Wu
Published: January 2019

An unprecedented retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction has been achieved by the electrochemical reduction of [60]fullerene-fused lactones in the presence of acetic acid at room temperature, affording [60]fullerene-fused ketones in excellent yields within a short time.
The Impact of Communication Impairments on the Social Relationships of Older Adults: Pathways to Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Palmer Andrew D. , Carder Paula C. , White Diana L. , Saunders Gabrielle , Woo Hyeyoung , Graville Donna J. , Newsom Jason T.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Social contact is known to be vital for older adults' mental and physical health but, because communication impairments often co-occur with other types of disability, it is difficult to generalize about the relative impact of a communication impairment on the social relationships of older adults. Specific aims of the study were to examine whether the severity of a communication impairment was associated with a range of social measures and to examine the association between these characteristics and psychological well-being.

Method

Community-dwelling older adults ranging in age from 65 to 94 were recruited for the study of Communication, Health, Aging, Relationship Types and Support. The sample included 240 participants with communication disorders arising from a variety of etiologies including hearing impairment, voice disorders, head and neck cancer, and neurologic disease, as well as older adults without a communication disorder.

Results

Communication impairment was a significant independent predictor for key characteristics of social relationships, including the number of friends in the social network, two types of social support, the frequency of social participation, and social self-efficacy. Communication impairment was also a significant predictor for higher levels of loneliness and depression. In addition, two distinct pathways between communication impairment and psychological well-being were identified, with social self-efficacy and reassurance of worth as mediators.

Conclusions

Even after controlling for age, gender, health, and disability, communication impairment is a significant independent predictor for key aspects of the social function of older adults and demonstrates two distinct pathways to loneliness and depression.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7250282
The Relationship of Collaboration and Job Satisfaction Between Speech-Language Pathologists and School Psychologists
Authors: Ocampo Alaine , Kennedy Kelly
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The professions of speech-language pathology and school psychology appear to be moving in similar directions in the 21st century. Legal mandates suggest the importance of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and school psychologists (SPs) adopting more of a collaborative role in the school setting as opposed to past roles resembling separate deliveries of service. Moreover, both professions are encouraged to address service provision in a more comprehensive manner to reach all students, regardless of special education eligibility. However, the changing roles of SLPs and SPs may result in higher workload demands and eventually lead to a decrease in job satisfaction. A collaborative model may alleviate their growing workloads and thus increase their job satisfaction. This study examined collaboration among SLPs with SPs and the relationship of collaboration to job satisfaction. Factors that increased the likelihood of the SLPs engaging in collaborative practices were also investigated. Data were collected from 363 SLPs through a web-based survey.

Conclusions

The results revealed a significant correlation between job satisfaction and collaboration. A multiple regression analysis identified attitude toward collaboration and perception of the other professional's competency level to be significant predictors of collaboration for the SLPs. The results add to the emerging body of research describing the influence of collaboration on job satisfaction and strengthen the notion that collaboration increases job satisfaction.
Active waveband selective switches based on guided‐mode resonance for telecommunications
Authors: Ren Zhibin , Sun Yahui , Lin Zihao , Zhang Kaipeng , Wang Songli , Li Mingwen , Lu Hongsheng
Published: January 2019

Active waveband selective switches for the telecommunication wavebands are fabricated and demonstrated. This type of active waveband selective switch is composed of a guided‐mode resonance filter, a twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN‐LC) layer, and a linear polariser. In voltage‐off status, a fabricated active waveband selective switch with grating period of 893.86 nm exhibits high resonance peak with wavelength around 1311.2 nm. In voltage‐on status, this switch exhibits a high resonance peak with wavelength around 1551.3 nm. The measured reflection peaks of another active waveband selective switch with grating period of 872.84 nm are located at 1309.1 and 1549.4 nm in voltage‐on status and voltage‐off status, respectively. Thus, light waveband can be tuned between O‐band and C‐band by electrically driving the TN‐LC layer of this type of active waveband selective switch in real time.
Parallel stochastic programming for energy storage management in smart grid with probabilistic renewable generation and load models
Authors: Wang Yue , Liang Hao , Dinavahi Venkata
Published: January 2019

Renewable power generation combined with energy storage (ES) is expected to bring enormous economical and environmental benefits to the future smart grid. However, the ES management in smart grid is facing significant technical challenges due to the volatile nature of renewable energy sources and the buffering effect of ES units. The challenges are further complicated by the increasing size and complexity of the system, as well as the consideration of random usage patterns of electrical appliances by customers. To address these challenges, this study proposes a parallel decomposition method for large‐scale stochastic programming in a distribution system with renewable energy sources and ES units. By leveraging nested decomposition, the problem can be converted into independent sub‐problems with a series of time periods. In addition, the reformulated problem is fully parallel for speed up in execution. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on the IEEE 4‐bus and 33‐bus test distribution systems with real photovoltaic generation and electrical appliance usage data. The case study demonstrates that the proposed scheme can substantially reduce the system operation cost, with low computational complexity.
Expectation‐maximisation for speech source separation using convolutive transfer function
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Girin Laurent , Horaud Radu
Published: January 2019

This study addresses the problem of under‐determined speech source separation from multichannel microphone signals, i.e. the convolutive mixtures of multiple sources. The time‐domain signals are first transformed to the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. To represent the room filters in the STFT domain, instead of the widely used narrowband assumption, the authors propose to use a more accurate model, i.e. the convolutive transfer function (CTF). At each frequency band, the CTF coefficients of the mixing filters and the STFT coefficients of the sources are jointly estimated by maximising the likelihood of the microphone signals, which is resolved by an expectation‐maximisation algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed method provides very satisfactory performance under highly reverberant environments.
Adaptive multifactorial particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Tang Zedong , Gong Maoguo
Published: January 2019

Existing multifactorial particle swarm optimisation (MFPSO) algorithms only explore a relatively narrow area between the inter‐task particles. Meanwhile, these algorithms use a fixed inter‐task learning probability throughout the evolution process. However, the parameter is problem dependent and can be various at different stages of the evolution. In this work, the authors devise an inter‐task learning‐based information transferring mechanism to replace the corresponding part in MFPSO. This inter‐task learning mechanism transfers the searching step by using a differential term and updates the personal best position by employing an inter‐task crossover. By this mean, the particles can explore a broad search space when utilising the additional searching experiences of other tasks. In addition, to enhance the performance on problems with different complementarity, they design a self‐adaption strategy to adjust the inter‐task learning probability according to the performance feedback. They compared the proposed algorithm with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on various benchmark problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can transfer inter‐task knowledge efficiently and perform well on the problems with different complementarity.
Two-face(s): ionized and neutral gas winds in the local Universe
Authors: Concas A. , Popesso P. , Brusa M. , Mainieri V. , Thomas D.
Published: January 2019

We present a comprehensive study of the Na Iλ5890, 5895 (Na I D) resonant lines in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, DR7) spectroscopic sample to look for neutral gas outflows in the local galaxies. Individual galaxy spectra are stacked in bins of stellar mass (M⋆) and star formation rate (SFR) to investigate the dependence of galactic wind occurrence and velocity as a function of the galaxy position in the SFR-M⋆plane. While in most cases the interstellar medium (ISM) absorption and emission lines are at the galaxy systemic velocity, in massive galaxies (M⋆ >  5 ×  M⊙) at the high SFR tail (SFR > 10−12M⊙yr−1) we find evidence of a significant blue-shifted Na I D absorption, which we interpret as evidence of neutral outflowing gas. The occurrence of the blue-shifted absorption in the stacked spectra does not depend on the contribution of the nuclear activity as it is observed at the same significance for purely star-forming (SF) galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGN), and composite systems at fixed SFR. We confirm, instead, for all classes of objects a clear dependence on the galaxy disc inclination: the blueshift is the largest and the Na I D equivalent width the smallest for face-on galaxies, while the absorption feature is at the systemic velocity for edge-on systems. This indicates that the neutral outflow is mostly perpendicular or biconical with respect to the galactic disc. We also compare the kinematics of the neutral gas with the ionized gas phase as traced by the [OIII]λ5007, Hα, [NII]λ6548, and [NII]λ6584 emission lines in the same galaxy spectra. Differently for the neutral gas phase, all the emission lines show evidence of perturbed kinematics only in galaxies with a significant level of nuclear activity, and they are independent of the galactic disc inclination. This would suggest that, while neutral winds originate from the galactic disc and are powered by SF feedback, ionized outflows are instead due to AGN feedback originating from the black hole accretion disc. In both the neutral and ionized gas phases, the observed wind velocities (of the order of 100−200 kms−1) suggest that the outflowing gas remains bound to the galaxy with no definitive effect on the gas reservoir.
Feature selection tree for automated machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Kar Hoou Hui , Ching Sheng Ooi , Meng Hee Lim , Mohd Salman Leong
Published: January 2019

Intelligent machinery fault diagnosis commonly utilises statistical features of sensor signals as the inputs for its machine learning algorithm. Due to the abundance of statistical features that can be extracted from raw signals and the accuracy of inserting all the available features into the machine learning algorithm for machinery fault classification, less accurate fault classification may inadvertently result due to overfitting issues. It is therefore only by selecting the most representative features that overfitting outcomes can be avoided and classification accuracy be improved. Currently, the genetic algorithm (GA) is regarded as the most commonly used and reliable feature selection tool for the improvement of accuracy for any machine learning algorithm. However, the greatest challenge for GA is that it may fall into a local optima and be computationally demanding. To overcome this limitation, a feature selection tree (FST) is here proposed. Numerous experimental dataset feature selections were executed using FST and GA; their performance is compared and discussed. Analysis showed that the proposed FST resulted in identical or superior optimal feature subsets when compared to the renowned GA method, but with a 20-time faster simulation period. The proposed FST is therefore more efficient in performing feature selection task than GA.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Improve Pleurotus sp. Cultivation Modelling
Authors: Abdul Sahli Fakharudin , Norazwina Zainol , Noor Athirah Dzulkefli
Published: January 2019

Mathematical modelling for nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) during Pleurotus sp. cultivation had successfully been produced using multiple linear regression. Two different substrates were used to cultivate the Pleurotus sp. which were empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). Both substrates were collected and prepared as the selected factors which were type of substrate (SB - A and EFB - B), size of substrates (0.5 cm and 2.5 cm), mass ratio of spawn to substrate (SP/SS) (1:10 and 1:14), temperature during spawn running (25°C and ambient) and pre-treatment of substrates (steam and non-steam). The response was nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N). This paper presents the application of artificial neural network to improve the modelling process. Artificial neural network is one of the machine learning method which use the cultivation process information and extract the pattern from the data. Neural network ability to learn pattern by changing the connection weight had produced a trained network which represent the Pleurotus sp. cultivation process. Next this trained network was validated using error measurement to determine the modelling accuracy. The results show that the artificial neural network modelling produced better results with higher accuracy and lower error when compared to the mathematical modelling.
Preliminary study on the tea dust explosion: the effect of tea dust size
Authors: Nur Hikmah Semawi , Siti Zubaidah Sulaiman , Noor Sabrina Ahmad Mutamim , Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip , Rohaida Che Man , Shalyda Md Shaarani , Zatul Iffah Mohd Arshad , Hayder A Abdul Bari , Rafiziana Md Kasmani
Published: January 2019

Food-based dust is considered as combustible dust as they composed of distinct particles, regardless of the size or chemical composition and when suspended in air or any other oxidizing medium over a range of concentrations will present a fire or deflagration hazard. The explosion effect from food-based dust can cause catastrophic consequences because the initial shock wave from the explosion lift up more dust and triggers a chain reaction through the plant. One of the parameters that can enhance the explosion is the particle size of the dust. In this study, the effect of four different particle sizes of tea dust on the dust explosion severity was tested in a confined 20 L explosion bomb. Tea dust tends to explode due to its molecular structure which contains a carbon-hydrogen bond that can release the significant amount of thermal energy. The experimental results showed that the values of Pmax and (dP/dt)max of tea dust were more severe for the particle size of 160 ?m for which are 1.97 bar and 4.97 bar/s before drying and 2.09 bar and 7.01 bar/s after drying process. The finer dust reacted more violently than coarser ones. As particle size decreases, the rate of explosion pressure change increases, as long as the size is capable of supporting combustion.
Exploring Edit Distance for Normalising Out-of-Vocabulary Malay Words on Social Media
Authors: Raja Roza Athirah , Lay-Ki Soon , Su-Cheng Haw
Published: January 2019

Users interact using short-formed words and abbreviations and this results in a message full of noisy words that are not recognized by the system's knowledge. The aim of this research is to overcome the limitations that still bar the progression of normalizing Malay noisy words from social media platforms. The testing data gathered is 25,000; 15,000 Tweets from Twitter and 10,000 comments from Facebook respectively. Pre-processing steps were carried out to clean the entire dataset which consists of unique 179,786 words. 36,587 out-of-vocabulary (OOV) Malay terms were then extracted and checked against an in- vocabulary (IV) Malay corpus using the Levenshtein edit distance formula and character manipulation rules. The resultant output is 3,964 unique IV Malay words. Based on the results, the usage of edit distance and rules can be further improved to elevate the normalisation of the ever changing colloquial terms of the Malay language.
MLP Based Tan-Sigmoid Activation Function for Cardiac Activity Monitoring
Authors: Fakroul Ridzuan Hashim , Ja'afar Adnan , Khairol Amali Ahmad , Syahrull Hi-Fi Syam Ahmad Jamil , Yulni Januar
Published: January 2019

Cardiac abnormalities can occur to everyone, irrespective of race, age or gender. However, family history gives a clear signal of the probable probability of heart failure in the heart. Cardiac abnormalities rarely show early symptoms, thereby contributing to sudden deaths in patients. In general, heartbeat is an irregular electric boost or heart activity. In this paper, an early monitoring system for detecting cardiac abnormalities was conducted using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network. The cardiac abnormalities dataset is taken from the MIT-BIH database used to train the MLP network by using multiple training algorithms with Tan-Sigmoid as an activation function.
A Review on Convolutional Neural Network in Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Waziralilah N. Fathiah , Abu Aminudin , Lim M. H , Quen Lee Kee , Elfakharany Ahmed
Published: January 2019

As the degradation of bearing yield to an enormous adverse impact on machinery and the damage that comes within could jeopardize human precious life. Hence, the bearing fault diagnosis is indisputably indispensable. This paper is predominantly focused on the utilization of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in bearing fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing. By deployment of CNN, an accurate diagnosis can be achieved without the necessity of pre-training the data. The function of CNN in diagnosing the bearing and architecture development of CNN are discussed. Lastly, to establish new and significant contribution in this area, new challenges are pinpointed.
Depolymerization of lignin over CoO/m-SEP catalyst under supercritical methanol
Authors: Chen Mingqiang , Cao Yu , Wang Yishuang , Yang Zhonglian , Wang Qian , Sun Qinqin , Wang Jun
Published: January 2019

In this paper, sepiolite (SEP) had a well-ordered pore structure, affluent surface acidity, and excellent hydrothermal stability and was used as the support to load CoO species. The acidified modified SEP (m-SEP) and as-prepared CoO/m-SEP catalysts were included in the lignin depolymerization reaction under supercritical methanol. m-SEP and CoO/m-SEP were characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, powdered X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis, and N2 isothermal adsorption. The results revealed that CoO/m-SEP had appropriate surface acidity and a larger pore diameter than m-SEP. As expected, CoO/m-SEP showed the highest degree of lignin liquefaction (74.25%) and yield of the petroleum ether soluble product (8.18%) as well as the lowest char yield (11.23%) under the same reaction conditions. In addition, the effect of reaction temperature on the degradation of lignin was investigated over the CoO/m-SEP catalyst under supercritical methanol. It found that increasing the reaction temperature would promote the lignin depolymerization, while excessively high temperature would lead to severe repolymerization.
The reaction routes comparison with respect to slow invariant manifold and equilibrium points
Authors: Sultan Faisal , Shahzad Muhammad , Ali Mehboob , Khan Waqar Azeem
Published: January 2019

Mathematically, complex chemical reactions can be simplified by “model reduction,” that is, the rigorous way of approximating and representing a complex model in simplified form. Furthermore, to reduce the dimension of the reaction mechanism there are different available model reduction techniques (MRT). Two MRT Spectral Quasi Equilibrium Manifold (SQEM) and Intrinsic Low Dimensional Manifold (ILDM) are applied here. Both techniques are good approximation techniques but not completely analytical. While for a case study, the complex behavior of the two-route reaction mechanism allied graphically. The characteristic properties of nodes and trees of reaction mechanism are addressed with the graph theory. The invariant solution curves and their comparison for two-route reaction mechanism have never been reported so far. Therefore, the aim of this article is to study such facts. The possible approaches to their solution and key problems are based on the Horiuti’s rules and their slow invariants. Both model-reduction techniques are applied to solve the high dimensional complex problem and comparison between invariant curves of both routes are presented graphically. The efficiency of ILDM with respect to time is compared with the SQEM graphically and in tabulated form by using MATLAB.
Emergent dynamics in delayed attractive-repulsively coupled networks
Authors: Kundu Prosenjit , Sharma Lekha , Nandan Mauparna , Ghosh Dibakar , Hens Chittaranjan , Pal Pinaki
Published: January 2019

We investigate different emergent dynamics, namely, oscillation quenching and revival of oscillation, in a global network of identical oscillators coupled with diffusive (positive) delay coupling as it is perturbed by symmetry breaking localized repulsive delayed interaction. Starting from the oscillatory state (OS), we systematically identify three types of transition phenomena in the parameter space: (1) The system may reach inhomogeneous steady states from the homogeneous steady state sometimes called as the transition from amplitude death (AD) to oscillation death (OD) state, i.e., OS-AD-OD scenario, (2) Revival of oscillation (OS) from the AD state (OS-AD-OS), and (3) Emergence of the OD state from the oscillatory state (OS) without passing through AD, i.e., OS-OD. The dynamics of each node in the network is assumed to be governed either by the identical limit cycle Stuart-Landau system or by the chaotic Rössler system. Based on clustering behavior observed in the oscillatory network, we derive a reduced low-dimensional model of the large network. Using the reduced model, we investigate the effect of time delay on these transitions and demarcate OS, AD, and OD regimes in the parameter space. We also explore and characterize the bifurcation transitions present in both systems. The generic behavior of the low dimensional model and full network is found to match satisfactorily.
Study of energy level alignment at weakly interacting small organic molecular thin film interfaces: The validity of classical model from inorganics
Authors: Yang Jinpeng , Cheng Liwen , Shen Xiaoshuang , He Hui , Zeng Xianghua
Published: January 2019

In this study, we discussed the validity of an inorganic semiconductor-based model on energy level alignment at weakly interacting substrate-organic film interfaces, in which the influence of Gaussian distributed density of states on injection barrier based on the thermal equilibrium condition after contacted with substrates was quantitatively investigated. A “Z”-like shape of the energy level alignment has been quantitatively obtained: a slope “S = 1” is clearly given, when the substrate work function is located approximately in between the threshold of ionization energy (IEth) and electron affinity (EAth); on the other hand, “S ∼ 0” is given while the substrate work function is lower than EAth or larger than IEth. Although different calculated results compared with experimental data can also be found, in which the calculated minimal injection barrier is ∼0.2 eV smaller than experimental data, this simplified practical method can be easily applied to calculate the device-related electrostatic potential inside dielectric films.
Thermal conductivity of hetero-epitaxial ZnO thin films on c- and r-plane sapphire substrates: Thickness and grain size effect
Authors: Yamashita Yuichiro , Honda Kaho , Yagi Takashi , Jia Junjun , Taketoshi Naoyuki , Shigesato Yuzo
Published: January 2019

The thermal conductivities of c- and a-axis-oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with nominal thicknesses of 100, 200, and 300 nm are investigated. The c- and a-axis-oriented ZnO thin films were synthesized by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on the c- and r-plane sapphire substrates, respectively. The epitaxial relationship between the ZnO thin film and the c-plane sapphire substrate is (0001)[11¯00] || (0001)[112¯0], and that between the ZnO thin film and the r-plane sapphire substrate is (112¯0)[11¯00] || (011¯2)[112¯0]. The c-axis-oriented ZnO thin film has a columnar structure, whereas the a-axis-oriented ZnO thin film has a single domain-like structure and a significantly flat surface. The thermal conductivity of the c-axis-oriented ZnO thin film is in the range of 18–24 W m−1 K−1, whereas for the a-axis-oriented ZnO thin film, it is in the range of 24–29 W m−1 K−1. For the c-axis-oriented ZnO thin films, the phonon scattering on both the out-of-plane and in-plane grain boundaries affects the thermal conductivity. In contrast, the thermal conductivity of the a-axis-oriented ZnO thin films decreases with the decrease of the film thickness. The distribution of the normalized cumulative thermal conductivity of the a-axis-oriented ZnO thin films suggests that the heat transport carrier mostly consists of phonons with the mean free paths between 100 nm and 1 μm.
The Crystal Backlighter Imager: A spherically bent crystal imager for radiography on the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Hall G. N. , Krauland C. M. , Schollmeier M. S. , Kemp G. E. , Buscho J. G. , Hibbard R. , Thompson N. , Casco E. R. , Ayers M. J. , Ayers S. L. , Meezan N. B. , Hopkins L. F. Berzak , Nora R. , Hammel B. A. , Masse L. , Field J. E. , Bradley D. K. , Bell P. , Landen O. L. , Kilkenny J. D. , Mariscal D. , Park J. , McCarville T. J. , Lowe-Webb R. , Kalantar D. , Kohut T. , Piston K.
Published: January 2019

The Crystal Backlighter Imager (CBI) is a quasi-monochromatic, near-normal incidence, spherically bent crystal imager developed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which will allow inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions to be radiographed close to stagnation. This is not possible using the standard pinhole-based area-backlighter configuration, as the self-emission from the capsule hotspot overwhelms the backlighter signal in the final stages of the implosion. The CBI mitigates the broadband self-emission from the capsule hot spot by using the extremely narrow bandwidth inherent to near-normal-incidence Bragg diffraction. Implementing a backlighter system based on near-normal reflection in the NIF chamber presents unique challenges, requiring the CBI to adopt novel engineering and operational strategies. The CBI currently operates with an 11.6 keV backlighter, making it the highest energy radiography diagnostic based on spherically bent crystals to date. For a given velocity, Doppler shift is proportional to the emitted photon energy. At 11.6 keV, the ablation velocity of the backlighter plasma results in a Doppler shift that is significant compared to the bandwidth of the instrument and the width of the atomic line, requiring that the shift be measured to high accuracy and the optics aligned accordingly to compensate. Experiments will be presented that used the CBI itself to measure the backlighter Doppler shift to an accuracy of better than 1 eV. These experiments also measured the spatial resolution of CBI radiographs at 7.0 μm, close to theoretical predictions. Finally, results will be presented from an experiment in which the CBI radiographed a capsule implosion driven by a 1 MJ NIF laser pulse, demonstrating a significant (>100) improvement in the backlighter to self-emission ratio compared to the pinhole-based area-backlighter configuration.
Flexural wave manipulation and energy harvesting characteristics of a defect phononic crystal beam with thermal effects
Authors: Geng Qian , Cai Tianyu , Li Yueming
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the dynamic and vibration energy harvesting behaviors of defect phononic crystal beams in thermal environments. Variations in the first bandgap and the defect band for flexural waves are discussed with different geometric parameters of the defect cell and structural temperatures by using the supercell technique for infinite defect phononic crystal beams. Transmission characters of defect models with a finite length are studied, considering the influence of thermal loads, and the performance of the defect based energy harvesting is discussed as well. Predicted results indicate that temperature increments reduce the frequency ranges of bandgap and defect band due to the softening effect of thermal load on the phononic crystal beam, and the performance in defect based energy harvesting is obviously depressed with temperature rise. Defect cells with a higher content of the soft component are beneficial for generating defect modes which have relatively stable frequencies in thermal environments. However, higher levels of open-circuit voltage and output power of harvested energy are more likely to be generated with defect cells which have a higher content of the hard component.
Dissipation in granular high-temperature superconductors: New approach to describing the magnetoresistance hysteresis and the resistive transition in external magnetic fields
Authors: Semenov S. V. , Balaev A. D. , Balaev D. A.
Published: January 2019

An approach to describing the R(H) magnetoresistance hysteresis in granular high-temperature superconductors and behavior of the R(T) resistive transition in these objects in an external magnetic field is proposed. The dissipation is attributed to the subsystem of intergrain boundaries, which form a Josephson junction network. The approach is based on accounting for the effect of magnetic moments of superconducting grains on the resulting (effective) field in the intergrain medium. The described procedure includes (i) establishing of the degree of magnetic flux crowding in the intergrain medium by comparing the experimental data on the R(H) magnetoresistance hysteresis and magnetization M(H), (ii) determining the effective field Beff in the intergrain medium as a function of external field H and temperature T with regard to the thermomagnetic prehistory, and (iii) fitting the experimental R(H) and R(T) dependences using the Arrhenius expression R ∼ exp(–EJ/ kB T), where EJ is the parameter corresponding to the Josephson coupling energy. The fundamental novelty of the proposed approach is the extraction of the functional dependences of EJ on the effective field Beff in the intergrain medium rather than on the external field H, as was made in many previous works. It is shown that the proposed approach makes it possible to adequately describe both the R(H) hysteretic dependences and R(T) dependences of the Y-Ba-Cu-O high-temperature superconductor samples with different morphologies and critical current densities.