bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-construction as a model for the formation and development of the professional culture of a lawyer
Authors: Gladkiy S.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the theoretical and pedagogical aspects of the problem of forming the professional culture of the future lawyer. It actualizes the ideas of the developers of several important humanitarian and scientific theoretical constructions: the legal doctrine of the professional culture of a lawyer, the doctrine of legal consciousness, the philosophy and theory of constructivism, the psychological theory of self-awareness, the sociological concept of mass society, and some others.
It is emphasized that the professional culture of a lawyer should be one of the central objects of attention for the community of scientists and legal educators. An insufficient level of study and practical pedagogical use of autogenic aspects of the formation of the specified phenomenon is noted.
The conviction is expressed that the valuable content of the ideal model of a lawyer's professional culture testifies to the elitist nature of the legal profession, enables and even dictates the actualization of autogenous components of the process of formation and development of a lawyer's professional culture.
It is claimed that the professional culture of a lawyer as a component of the general culture of modern society is subject to the deforming influence of the process of massification, the essence of which is the primitivization of the value-meaning structure of society. Conscious and purposeful personal self-construction is considered as a controversial practice regarding that vector of individual socialization that is connected with the process of massification.
Self-construction is interpreted as a creative, integral process based on the developed self-awareness of the individual. This process involves in-depth self-knowledge, worldview self-determination, purposeful self-change, harmonization of these and other sub-processes.
It is postulated that the core of personal self-construction is self-knowledge, which is proposed to be understood as an action (construction), an active construction by a person of a model (picture) of the world, in which an important and integral place is occupied by the sufficiently reflected self-concept of the individual. That is, cognition is considered as a process of constructing reality, the "picture" of which determines the parameters of an individual's social activity.
The process of personal self-construction is considered in terms of stages, which, according to the author of the article, contributes to a deeper understanding of its structural characteristics.
The main pedagogical problem of the practical implementation of the model of formation of the professional culture of a lawyer based on the principles of self-construction is indicated - the awakening of the future lawyer's need for self-knowledge and self-change, the formation of relevant cognitive and behavioral guidelines.
The genesis of electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings
Authors: Pryvydentsev O.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the question of the genesis of electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings, in particular, the historical and legal analysis of the introduction of electronic correspondence in the territory of Ukraine and their legal evolution from a means of communication to an independent means of proof.

The article analyzes the concept of "electronic communication", a component of which is electronic correspondence. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "electronic message" in regulatory and legal acts and scientific and technical literature were studied, the analysis of the distinction between the generalized concept of "electronic message" and "text, multimedia and voice messages", which is enshrined in the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, was carried out. The main features of an electronic message are highlighted: it contains information (certain information and/or data), has an electronic (digital) form, is transmitted using technical means of communication.

       The stages of the scientific and technical evolution of the Internet and mobile communications as the main channels of electronic communication are studied, and the statistics of their distribution in the world and Ukraine are given. The historical prerequisites for the emergence and development of the main environments for the functioning of electronic messages are characterized: sms-messages, e-mail, social networks and messengers.

The evolution of scientific and legal positions regarding the use of electronic correspondence as an evidential basis in civil proceedings from the moment of its emergence as a method of communication to its legal consolidation as a means of proof was studied, in particular, the stages of adaptation of the legal framework and judicial practice in Ukraine were characterized.

The current state and problems of using electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings are characterized. The problematic aspect of using an electronic signature for recording electronic messages and the corresponding distinction between "electronic message" and "electronic document" were studied. The modern trends of changing the judicial paradigm to the principle of self-identification of the author, the presumption of integrity (authenticity) of the evidence, the use of the "letter in response" doctrine and the increase in the legal and evidentiary value of metadata, which will improve the dynamics of using electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings, have been recorded.
Administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities
Authors: Legeza E. , Lyutikov P.
Published: March 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities: foreign experience and directions for improvement. The experience of the USA and European countries in ensuring the right to vocational higher education for persons with disabilities is revealed

Attention is drawn to the fact that higher education in the USA and Great Britain traditionally belongs to the so-called liberal or market model, which is characterized by a high degree of decentralization of management and diversification of higher education systems. In Italy, the state has exclusive legislative powers regarding general matters in the field of education, the minimum standards to be guaranteed throughout the country, and the basic principles. Regions define school networks within their territories, adjust the school calendar, and have exclusive powers in the field of vocational education and training. Schools are autonomous in terms of didactic, organizational and research work. The Italian state is responsible for funding schools for both educational and administrative purposes.

It was concluded that the high-quality formation and implementation of vocational pre-university education for persons with disabilities is possible through the borrowing of positive foreign experience: a) openness of the formation and implementation of state policy in the given field for persons with disabilities; b) active development, encouragement, stimulation of the implementation of innovative activities by institutions of higher education, including vocational higher education for persons with disabilities; a) a qualitatively new paradigm of the content of education - considering it not as a collection of the given volume of knowledge, abilities and skills selected according to a certain specialty, but the formation of a comprehensively developed personality according to a comprehensive approach. There is a shift in emphasis not so much on how much the acquirer knows, in particular, persons with disabilities, special knowledge in the chosen field of study, but on how such professional qualities as the ability to adapt, practicality and initiative, the ability to apply acquired special knowledge, in necessary cases creatively rethink it for persons with disabilities.

Therefore, when implementing electronic governance in Ukraine, we need to take into account the experience of foreign countries in order to avoid typical mistakes and acquire the most successful practices for ourselves. The priority for the countries that we studied is the introduction of high-quality professional pre-higher education to vulnerable sections of the population.
Features of the mechanism for implementation of external state functions: unification of standards of the EU, Ukraine and Hungary
Authors: Horbachenko O.
Published: March 2023

The return of Ukraine to the trajectory of stable development and the solution of rather complex issues of the political spectrum of direction, economic, social issues of the implementation of the external functions of the state, especially in the chronology of today and the difficult interstate relations with Hungary, and not only, requires significant efforts. Currently, the model of legal relations does not demonstrate a wide spectrum of democratic approaches of interests, but we are observing the phantom degraded approaches of the Soviet past on the part of the leadership of the Hungarian government, which openly supports Russian aggression. Examining the characteristic features of Hungary and Ukraine, we can recall the totalitarian socialist past behind their shoulders, which left its negative imprint on the mechanisms and constructions of the implementation of external functions, because as a result of which Hungary, as we can see, began its activities as a full-fledged, independent state. Ukraine, on the other hand, with its uncertainty in 30 years, due to its practically undefined firm position neither with the West nor with the East, demonstrated the illusion of independent state formation, which as a result we have a full-scale destruction of the created illusion of the concept of peace and security, the inviolability of state borders at the cost of terrible bloodshed. In the issue of leveling of contradictions, orientation towards sustainable development and security vectors, under the condition of effective and fair use of a wide range of resources, should be available to democratic countries. One of these possible ways is integration, which is aimed at expanded forms of cooperation in the economy and the military-political sphere. Over the centuries, humanity came to realize the need for peaceful coexistence and cooperation, deepening cooperation between states, peoples, and regions. In our opinion, the European Union is a certain prototype of a state with states. Yes, the EU has its own system of governing bodies, so the EU has its own legislative system, so the EU has its own judicial system. The complexity of such management lies in the number of member states, because any of the participating states should not be discriminated against when making a decision. The system of activity of the Union is extremely complex and institutional. This scientific article attempts to investigate the issue of the complexity of its functioning.
Certain aspects of improving the participation in tax legal relations of an individual who conducts independent professional activity based on the analysis of the EU experience
Authors: Sazonova A.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to researching the content of the concept of "independent professional activity" in the context of tax legal relations.

The work carried out a comprehensive scientific study on the issues of determining the specifics of the tax-legal status of natural persons engaged in independent professional activity, the specifics of the specified category of persons fulfilling their constitutional obligation to pay taxes and fees, the mechanisms of participation of such persons in ensuring the taxation of other subjects , as well as in the development of recommendations for the improvement of regulatory and legal regulation of the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity, in particular, through the introduction of a special tax regime.

Tax legal relations are always secondary, because they are generated, for example, by civil or labor legal relations. Such relations also include legal relations arising in the course of independent professional activity. The regulation of liberal professions in foreign countries, where this social institution has developed, differs in diversity related to national characteristics, while the regulation is based on fairly similar principles.

Despite the lively scientific interest in the taxation of individuals, including the self-employed, the actual issue of the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity remains insufficiently researched. In particular, the existing studies either touch on certain aspects of the taxation of natural persons, or are conducted on the basis of legislative acts that have lost their validity as of today.

All this led to the need to generalize the previously obtained developments and build on their basis the theoretical basis for determining the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity.
Implementation of the principle of decentralization of power in Ukraine
Authors: Trachuk P. , Tymchak V.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the history of decentralization of state power in practice in the countries of the European Union. The characteristics of local self-government as a key subject of decentralization of power are given, and the principle of subsidiarity is revealed. The problems of implementation of the decentralization of state power are outlined, in particular foreign and domestic experience. The article analyzes and systematizes the key risks and problems that arose during the implementation of local self-government reform and financial decentralization in Ukraine.

The factors that caused the residents of local communities to resist the reform or passive attitude to the creation of united territorial communities were identified and investigated, in particular, economic (expectation of a decrease in the financial capabilities of communities as a result of unification), socio-cultural (the presence of ethnic, cultural and other differences between residents neighboring communities), psychological (distrust of the central and local authorities, fear of the reduction of social sphere facilities, etc.), geographical (deterioration of access to service centers), ecological (attempts of community residents to avoid moving harmful industries to their own territory).

The geographical unevenness of the pace of the unification of territorial communities during decentralization has been revealed. The main reasons and forms of resistance of district councils and district state administrations to the decentralization reform have been clarified.

Attempts to reform local self-government in Ukraine have been made since the declaration of its independence, but they have always been hindered by the lack of consensus among the political elite regarding the vision of the external and internal political vector of the state's development in general and approaches to the administrative-territorial division and organization of local authorities in particular. One of the key problems that arose from the very beginning of the reform was ineffective communication between the authorities and citizens, which caused an information vacuum on the ground. As sociological polls showed, citizens of Ukraine had rather low awareness of the features of the decentralization reform.

Attracting highly qualified specialists to manage them turned out to be a difficult problem for the newly created united territorial communities. The low quality of personnel is usually related to the fact that most of the united communities are formed exclusively from villages, which cannot provide employees of local self-government bodies with competitive salaries and high standards of living.
Specific of copyright law development in certain ukrainian territories in the interwar period of the 20th century
Authors: Michnevisch L.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the legislative provision of copyright law in the lands of Eastern Galicia, Northern Bukovyna, Bessarabia, and Transcarpathia in the interwar period of the 20th century. The thesis is substantiated that there was no single approach to copyright law regulation in these territories, just as there was no single system of legislation in the field of intellectual property because at that time these lands were in the legal field of Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia, and even earlier – the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires.

It was revealed that the legal regulation of copyright law protection in the interwar period was formed under the influence of European and national legal traditions. It was established that the Romanian legislation, which extended to the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Bessarabia, was based on conservative approaches, so the new law of Romania (1923) was based on the proprietary concept and gravitated to the Austro-Hungarian law-making practice of copyright law protection. The Czechoslovak copyright law (1926) was in effect in Transcarpathia, which, although the copyright laws of the Czech, Slovak, and Transcarpathian parts of the country were unified, was based on the Austrian copyright law of 1895. Whereas the situation in Eastern Galicia, which became part of Poland, was different. The Polish authorities followed the path of developing a qualitatively new, rather progressive law in the field of copyright law (1926). However, in all three cases, the legislator relied on international standards established in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 1886.

It was found that the positive trends in copyright law regulation were the distribution of conventional principles: the dual nature of copyright, the presumption of authorship, unity, and exclusivity of copyright law, mutual legal protection of the author's rights, and the immutability of the work.

It was concluded that the legislation on copyright law in the western regions corresponded to the international protection of copyright law and a high level of legal culture. This allowed the Ukrainian community of these territories to join legal values and to form respect for the author and his intellectual work much earlier than in other Ukrainian lands.
Incidence of <em/Salmonella in Traditional White Cheese in Gaza markets, Palestine
Authors: Alzaeem Iyad
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Salmonella has gained more interest because it cause food borne illnesses. Traditional soft cheese made from unpasteurized milk may contain salmonella.
Methods: A descriptive study was performed, one hundred and four samples of fresh white cheese collected from street venders and the local markets to investigate the incidence of salmonella in fresh white cheese in Gaza.
Results: Salmonella was found in four samples of "Traditional cheese". Differences between percentages of samples were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: traditional cheese highly contaminated and usually exceeded the Palestinian Standard. The detection of Salmonella spp. suggests that traditional soft cheese commercialized in Gaza may represent a health risk for the consumers.
Cost and Return Analysis of Maize (Zea Mays L) Production in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ta'awu Offar Gwandi , Kamalvanshi Virendra , John Samuel
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the cost and return of maize (Zea mays L) production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of this study were set out to: examine the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled maize farmers and to evaluate the costs and returns of maize production in the study area. A simple random sampling technique was adopted and used in selecting one hundred fifty (150) maize farmers in the area of study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin. The study shows that the majority 68.7% were full-time farmers with an average mean of 31 years of age and about 30.96 years of farming experience. The majority (85.3%) were male farmers and only 15.3% of the respondent had no formal education with an average land holding of 1.39 hectares.  The analysis of farm budgetary technique shows and reveals that maize (Zea mays) production in the area of study is a profitable enterprise with a gross margin of ₦72,413.05 and net farm income (NFI) of ₦46,412.25. The coefficient of gross ratio was 0.50; this implies that 50% of the gross income of maize went to offset total farm costs. The net farm income of naira invested was 0.69 and the operating ratio was 0.59. A gross ratio of less than 1 is always desirable for farm business. The study recommends among other things that farmers should strengthen themselves financially by forming cooperative groups whereby members could have access to loans at a very low rate and farm inputs could be purchased in bulk to be shared among members at a reduced.
Desigualdades salariais para pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Mantovani Gabriela Gomes , Paiva Vanessa Fortunato de , Souza Solange de Cassia Inforzato de , Gomes Magno Rogério
Published: March 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as desigualdades salariais provocadas pela deficiência nas regiões brasileiras e o impacto discriminatório das deficiências sobre os rendimentos dos trabalhadores paranaenses. Por meio dos microdados do Censo Demográfico de 2010, foram estimadas as equações mincerianas com correção de viés de seleção amostral e a decomposição salarial de Oaxaca-Blinder para os trabalhadores com e sem deficiência no estado do Paraná. Os dados identificaram maior proporção de trabalhadores com deficiência ocupados, salários mais baixos e maiores diferenças salariais nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, enquanto no Sudeste e Sul tem-se o inverso. Especificamente, no Paraná os trabalhadores com deficiência têm baixa ocupação, a maioria é de indivíduos mais velhos, homens, brancos, chefes de família, inseridos no setor privado e menos escolarizados. A decomposição contrafactual de salários apontou diferença salarial desfavorável para os trabalhadores com deficiência, cujos efeitos mais contundentes são para as pessoas com deficiência visual e física. Comprovou-se a presença da discriminação de rendimentos contra os indivíduos com deficiência no mercado de trabalho paranaense, sendo o efeito discriminatório superior ao efeito explicado pelas características pessoais produtivas e não produtivas.
Palavras-chave: Diferenças salariais. Decomposição salarial. Deficiência. Regiões. Paraná.
Reseña de “CARACTERIZACIÓN JURÍDICA Y CAUSAS DEL DESPIDO OBJETIVO EN LA NORMATIVA, DOCTRINA Y JURISPRUDENCIA TRAS LAS RECIENTES REFORMAS LABORALES”
Authors: Lopez Vico Sheila
Published: March 2023

Se adjunta la recensión realizada a cuatro obras de importante calado que desde el año 2020 se han aprobado en nuestro país, y que además, han visto renovada su actualidad con los cambios que han materia de despido se han producido tras la aprobación de la Ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, integral para la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación.
Sucesión de plantilla y actividades productivas que descansan esencialmente en la mano de obra
Authors: Ortega Lozano Pompeyo Gabriel
Published: March 2023

Analizamos la sucesión de plantilla consecuencia de la mano de obra, la noción de entidad económica dentro de esa parte esencial de la plantilla y el ámbito territorial del cómputo en el que la subrogación tiene lugar —empresa, parte de ella o centro de actividad— concluyendo con una recapitulación de la nueva doctrina jurisprudencial aplicable al caso y unas concretas reflexiones jurídicas.
Una política de empleo adecuada para los cambios en las relaciones laborales del siglo XXI
Authors: Rojo Torrecilla Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Aprobado por el Consejo de Ministros el 21 de junio de 2022 el Proyecto de Ley de Empleo, y tras su tramitación parlamentaria, se ha convertido en la Ley que deroga la anteriormente vigente de 2015. La finalidad del presente artículo es, después de unas consideraciones de alcance general sobre la política de empleo en el ámbito internacional y europeo, proceder al estudio de la norma desde el inicio de los debates en el Parlamento. Se presta especial atención a aquellos contenidos que nos permiten subrayar las diferencias con la normativa anterior, al mismo tiempo que enfatizar los aspectos positivos de la norma que deberán permitir mejorar el empleo tanto en cantidad como en calidad.
Las redes sociales como medio de prueba en el proceso laboral
Authors: Valle Muñoz Francisco Andrés
Published: March 2023

En el presente estudio se aborda el valor probatorio de las redes sociales en el proceso laboral sobre la base de analizar tres grandes temas: el primero de ellos es la licitud de este medio de prueba, cuando la información contenida en las redes sociales se obtiene por el empresario con vulneración de derechos fundamentales del trabajador como son el derecho a la intimidad, el derecho a la protección de datos de carácter personal, o el derecho al secreto de las comunicaciones; el segundo tema está relacionado con la naturaleza jurídica autónoma o no de este medio de prueba y su calificación como prueba documental o como prueba electrónica; y el tercero de ellos está relacionado con la eficacia probatoria de este medio de prueba y concretamente con el recurso a otros medios alternativos para constatar la autenticidad e integridad de la información cuando es impugnada en el acto de juicio por la parte a quien perjudica.
El control y la gestión de la incapacidad temporal
Authors: Rodríguez Iniesta Guillermo
Published: March 2023

La gestión y control de la incapacidad temporal en los primeros 365 días se encuentra normada en el RD 1060/2022, de 27 de diciembre y en la Orden ESS/1187/2015, que recientemente ha sido objeto de importantes reformas por el RD 1060/2022, 27 diciembre y por la Orden ISM/2/2023. El estudio partirá de un breve análisis de las situaciones previas a la reforma y de las novedades que esta comporta.
Reseña de “EL EMPLEO DE LOS COLECTIVOS VULNERABLES EN EL MARCO DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN JURÍDICO-SOCIAL”
Authors: Cabello Roldán Aída
Published: March 2023

La presente obra versa sobre un tema de absoluta actualidad e importancia como es la tranformación tecnológica y su impacto en determinados colectivos que por sus características personales o sociales se han considerado como vulnerables en el ámbito del empleo. A este respecto, se realiza un estudio jurídico-social con una perspectiva crírica, en el que se analizan los aspectos más problemáticos y los retos que se pretenden superar, planteando soluciones para evitar el agravamiento de la situación actual.
Reseña de “EL FUTURO DE LAS PENSIONES EN UN CONTEXTO DE REFORMAS Y CAMBIOS TECNOLÓGICOS”
Authors: Pérez López José Iván
Published: March 2023

La viabilidad de la sostenibilidad financiera de la Seguridad Social, se encuentra condicionada a la superación de los emergentes y diversos problemas nacidos de la sociedad contemporánea. El creciente envejecimiento de la población, la adaptación de la cotización tradicional dentro del marco de las TIC y la crisis económica, dificulta la implementación de reformas verdaderamente reales y efectivas que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad de las Pensiones en España a largo plazo. Este libro, sirviéndose del apoyo de las indicaciones de la Unión Europea y el Pacto de Toledo, pretende ser un instrumento eficaz para determinar con precisión medidas que fomenten, promuevan y constituyan una administración eficaz, moderna y rentable de la Seguridad Social.
Biochemical Control of 78 Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism Referred between 2006 and 2020 – Where do We Actually Stand?
Authors: Boyanov M. , Zamfirova D. , Bakalov D. , Karamfilova V. , Gateva A. , Assyov Y. , Zaharieva E. , Atanassova K. , Sheinkova G. , Tsakova A. , Kamenov Z.
Published: March 2023

Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a relatively rare endocrine disease, mainly due to thyroid surgery. The classical supplementation with calcium and active vitamin D may represent a challenge to the clinician.

Objective

To describe the level of biochemical control in patients with chronic hypoPT and to look for differences between postsurgical and non-surgical cases referred between 2006 and 2020.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with data review from the database of a tertiary endocrine clinic from the last 15 years. Cases with hypocalcemia not related to PTH were excluded. The patients’ medical history was reviewed as well as concomitant diseases and medications. Serum calcium (total, albumin-corrected and ionized; sCa, corrCa, iCa+) and phosphates (P), magnesium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase together with 24hr urinary calcium and phosphate were measured. The intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was determined by electro-hemi-luminescence (Elecsys, Roche Diagnostics). Thyroid and abdominal ultrasound (US) were both performed.

Results

Seventy-eight patients met the study criteria – 69 were females. Most of them were between 30 and 60 years (mean age 50.6 ± 14.5 years). Albumin-corrected calcium was in target in 20.5% of the patients, ionized calcium – in 36.5%, serum phosphate – in 46.3%, serum magnesium – in 87.9%. When all four parameters were taken together, less than 20% were in target. Hypercalciuria was registered in 11.8%, while 57.1% of the patients had nephrolithiasis and 27.3% had CKD grade 3-4. Thus, a high proportion of patients with kidney involvement was identified. Calcium carbonate and calcitriol were the preferred replacement choices. Comparing patients with post-surgical and non-surgical hypoPT significant differences were found only for age, total serum calcium, serum magnesium and TSH.

Conclusion

Our study is the first of its kind in our country during the last two decades describing the contemporary clinical and biochemical picture of chronic hypoPT in patients referred for specialized care. Low supplementation doses leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were a common finding. Low patient’s adherence may be just one possible explanation. Non-surgical cases tend to have even lower calcium and magnesium levels. The patients, their families and treating physicians should be better informed about up-to-date management of chronic hypoPT and the possible impact of suboptimal treatment on morbidity and mortality of the affected subjects.
The Importance of Manual Detorsion in Intravaginal Testicular Torsion
Authors: Anastasakis M. , Gkalonaki I. , Doitsidis C. , Michou P. , Patoulias I.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The aim of the present prospective clinical study was to highlight the importance of the proper application of the manual detorsion (MD) in cases of intravaginal testicular torsion. Major complications such as ischemia, reperfusion injury and testicular compartment syndrome could be avoided.

Materials and Methods

From January 2017 to February 2018, 26 boys aged between 8 and 16 years underwent surgical treatment for intravaginal testicular torsion (ITT) (14 left- and 12 right-sided). Diagnosis was made upon clinical criteria (both symptoms and signs); sudden onset of scrotal pain (n = 26, 100%), nausea and vomiting (n = 25, 96,15%), abdominal pain (n = 3, 11,53%), high testicular position (n = 21, 80,77%), absence of the cremasteric reflex (n = 26, 100%), harshness of the twisted testicle (TT) (n = 24, 87.5%), alteration on axis or orientation of the TT (n = 24, 94,31%), and pain during palpation (n = 26, 100%). Two cases presented with neglected scrotum leading to inability to evaluate the intrascrotal structures. Major ultrasonographic findings were the following: absence of perfusion, heterogeneity of the parenchyma and identification of the Whirlpool sign. Therefore, our study group consisted of 15 out of the 26 cases, in which the initial assessment at the Emergency Department occurred within the first 3-7 hours after the onset of ITT.

Results

Based on high clinical suspicion and ultrasonographic documentation of the ITT, MD was performed in all those cases. Pain alleviation followed immediately, while significant improvement of the clinical picture of the suffering scrotum was also observed. Successful detorsion was documented via ultrasonography. After completion of the preoperative assessment, bilateral orchidopexy was performed. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course and were discharged home on the second postoperative day.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we hereby document that MD is a safe, non-invasive method, easy to learn for every clinician. It can be applied immediately after the diagnosis of the ITT, converting a highly urgent surgery into an elective one. Of course, surgical exploration of intrascrotal structures constitutes a crucial final step.
PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN EKSTRAK JAMUR Aspergillus niger SERTA UJI ANTIBAKTERI VCO DENGAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: Suirta I W. , Asih I. A. R. A.
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK

 

Telah dilakukan pembuatan virgin coconut oil (VCO) dengan ekstrak jamur Aspergillus niger serta uji antibakteri VCO dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kualitas VCO ditentukan dengan uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, angka iod, uji organoleptik, dan analisis GC-MS. Ekstraksi VCO tanpa menggunakan ekstrak jamur hanya mendapatkan VCO sebanyak 5,859 g. Penambahan ekstrak jamur A. niger 0,5% b/v  menghasilkan VCO sebanyak 8,832 g, menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan yang sangat signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, dan angka iod masing-masing diperoleh: 0,1958; 0,2929; 5,0487; dan 0,2781, hasil ini sesuai dengan baku mutu VCO yang ditetapkan. Hasil uji organoleptik memberikan VCO yang tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau, dan hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh kandungan asam lemak rantai medium dengan kandungan asam laurat sebagai komponen terbanyak. Hasil uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan kemampuan VCO dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan zona hambat 13,5 mm.

 

Kata kunci: antibakteri, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil.

 ABSTRACT                    Preparation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with Aspergillus niger fungi extract and the antibacterial test of the VCO with Staphylococcus aureus has been carried out. The quality test of the VCO included water content, acid number, saponification number, iodine value, organoleptic test, and GC-MS analysis. VCO extraction without using fungi extract only got 5.859 g of VCO. The addition of 0.5% w/v of A. niger fungi extracts produced 8.832 g of VCO, indicating a very significant increase (p <0.05). The water content, acid number, saponification number, and iodine value obtained were 0.158; 0.2929; 5.0487; and 0.2781 respectively, which met the VCO quality standard. The organoleptic test proved that the VCO was colourless and odourless. Meanwhile, the GC-MS analysis showed the content of medium-chain fatty acids with lauric acid as the largest component. The antibacterial test against Staphylococcus aureus indicated the ability of VCO to inhibit the growth of bacteria with an inhibition zone of 13.5 mm. Keywords: antibacterial, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil.
К фауне и экологии раковинных брюхоногих и двустворчатых моллюсков литорали и верхней сублиторали залива Восток Японского моря
Authors: Лебедев Е.Б. , Левенец И.Р. , Григорьева Н.И.
Published: March 2023

По результатам мониторинговых исследований макроэпибентоса литоральной и верхнесублиторальной зоны зал. Восток (Японское море) весной–осенью 2019–2022 гг. выяснен современный видовой состав раковинных брюхоногих и двустворчатых моллюсков. В составе Gastropoda отмечено 40 видов, Bivalvia – 25 видов. Из них 3 вида, Fluviocungula elegantula (A. Adams, 1861), Liostomia minutissima Golikov in Golikov et Scarlato, 1967 и Odostomia culta Dall et Bartsch, 1906 оказались новыми для малакофауны залива. В аннотированном списке для каждого вида приведены сведения по встречаемости, экологии, показателям обилия и типу ареала. Выявлена высокая степень приуроченности данных таксономических групп к зарослям морских макрофитов. Обсуждаются особенности малакофауны в локальных районах с различными условиями среды обитания. Ключевые слова: видовой состав, раковинные брюхоногие моллюски, двустворчатые моллюски, литораль, верхняя сублитораль, залив Восток, Японское море.
ПОСТАТЬ ЮРІЯ КОСАЧА В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-ВИЗВОЛЬНОМУ РУСІ
Authors: ДОБРОЧИНСЬКА Валентина , ЛЕНАРТОВИЧ Олег
Published: March 2023

Метою роботи є дослідження впливу Юрія Косача на суспільно-політичні процеси у Волинському воєводстві, що пов’язані з організаційним становленням Організації українських націоналістів (ОУН) у період 1920 – 1930рр., реконструкція образу Ю. Косача як засновника організаційної мережі націоналістичного підпілля на Волині, дослідження еволюції його політичних поглядів. Методологію складають принципи об’єктивності, історизму, системності, науковості. Застосовано біографічний, статистичний, синхронний, діахронний та метод порівняльного аналізу. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що автором реконструйовано образ Ю. Косача як активного учасника національно-визвольного руху, провідника і засновника організаційної мережі ОУН на Волині; відтворено персональний склад першої трійки і п’ятірки ОУН на Ковельщині; уточнено інформацію про дату народження та причини вимушеної еміграції. Висновки. Народжений у відомій сім’ї Драгоманових-Косачів, Ю. Косач сформувався як творча і харизматична особистість. Після успішного закінчення навчання 1928 р. у першій Львівській гімназії імені Юзефа Пілсудського, вступив на правничий факультет Варшавського університету. У студентські роки активно підтримував ідею відродження Української держави. Активне спілкування з Дмитром Донцовим, Андрієм Лівицьким, Богданом Кравцівим та іншими учасниками національно-визвольного руху переконали його в необхідності підготовки та реалізації національної революції. Ідеологія українського інтегрального націоналізму яскраво прослідковується у творчості Ю. Косача цього періоду. Реалізувати на практиці власні політичні погляди він намагався через організацію перших осередків ОУН на Волині. Завдяки його зусиллям було створено першу націоналістичну підпільну мережу у м. Ковель, а згодом і на території Волинського воєводства. Переслідування з боку польської поліції змусили його у 1933 р. емігрувати. В подальшому він не мав прямого стосунку до націоналістичного підпілля, але започаткований ним волинський провід збільшувався чисельно, брав активну участь у національно-визвольній боротьбі.
“ІСТОРИЧНЕ МІСТО” ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ УКРАЇНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ БОГУСЛАВА)
Authors: САЛАТА Оксана , ЩЕРБАК Віталій , НОВАЦКІ Альберт
Published: March 2023

Мета дослідження – розкрити історію містечка Богуслав як простір “історичного міста” та об’єкта вітчизняної культурної спадщини. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи історизму, системності, науковості, верифікації, авторської об’єктивності, поміркованого наративного конструктивізму, а також на використання загальнонаукових (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичних (історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний, історико-системний) методів. Наукова новизна полягає у характеристиці населеного пункту міського типу – Богуслав як одного з об’єктів культурно-історичної спадщини України; представленні його багатовікової історії в пам’ятках історії, культури та архітектури як унікального культурологічного феномену, що поєднує в собі цінну спадщину українського народу. Висновки. Історико-культурний потенціал Богуслава міститься насамперед у пам’ятках архітектури минулих століть “історичного міста”. Водночас поліс знаний в Україні і за кордоном унікальними витворами майстрів народного мистецтва – вишивкою, ткацтвом, килимарством, які увібрали у себе багатовікові традиції, вийшли за рамки господарчого вжитку, досягли високого рівня та отримали світове визнання. З містечком Богуслав було тісно пов’язане життя відомих українських діячів: письменників, поетів, художників, драматургів. Однак на сьогодні рівень збереження пам’яток культури міста викликає серйозне занепокоєння, частина з них, у тому числі і державного значення, перебуває у незадовільному стані. Існує необхідність відновлювальних робіт, пов’язаних з їхнім художньо-естетичним аспектом. У вирішенні питань забудови, проектування і реконструкції особливу роль відіграє культурна політика місцевої адміністрації щодо оптимізації співвідношення традицій та інновацій.
Вasics of Professional Interaction of Doctors: Cases of Combination and Separation
Authors: Babenko Y. V.
Published: March 2023

On the basis of international and national normative acts, the ethical norms of interaction of doctors with each other are highlighted. The limits of intervention in the process of providing medical care to the patient by the attending physician and cases of involvement of other specialists in the treat- ment process are analyzed. The cases of the necessity of convening a doctor’s council in the provision of a specific type of medical care are considered on the example of the provisions of normative legal acts.

It has been established:

the timely detection of medical errors and criticism of the doctor’s actions in the correct form gives a positive result for achieving an effective health care system and establishing the principle of priority provision of the patient’s right to protection of life and health;

remarks and assessment of another doctor’s actions should not have the purpose of belittling his work or luring patients;

frank neglect of one’s duties, unscrupulous and poor-quality provision of medical care to the patient must be recorded and stopped, including by fel- low
Individual Approach аnd Standards in the Sphere оf Healthcare
Authors: Khudoshyna O. V.
Published: March 2023

The author illustrates the necessity of creating a patient-oriented healthcare system, presupposing an individual patient treatment approach with a choice and the observance of the standard of providing assistance. The individual approach to the patient is based on an integrated and coordinated approach to the analysis of the occurrence and course of the disease for each patient. The main criteria of a personal approach are the development of personalized treatment methods in compliance with health care standards, prevention and combination of diagnosis and treatment, followed by treatment monitoring. An individual approach makes it possible to predict which treatment methods will be safe and effective for each patient, and which will not. It can be seen as an extension of traditional approaches to understanding and treating diseases, enabling doctors to choose a therapy or treatment protocol that can not only minimize side effects, but also ensure a more successful treatment outcome. The author has analyzed different approaches for the standardization and hallmarked the advantages and disadvantages of the individual approach of treating each patient. The author has outlined the main directions of the individual approach of patient treatment.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites and FT-IR Analysis of Getih-Getihan Fruit Extract (Rivina humilis L.)
Authors: Mariyam  , Anggraini Yulistia , Suhartati Tati
Published: March 2023

Getih-getihan (Rivina humilis L.) plants can be used as antibacterial, antioxidant and natural pesticides. Most of the biological activities of natural products originated from secondary metabolites contained therein. Studies have shown the effects of leaves, branches, and fruits extract of R. humilis towards biological activities. However, identifying the phytochemical compounds of R. humilis L. fruit is less discussed. Here we proposed research on the identification of secondary metabolite compounds of R. humilis L. fruit extract using phytochemical screening tests and spectroscopic method. The extraction of R. humilis L. fruit was proceeded by maceration method using methanol solvent. The series of phytochemical screening tests signified the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Furthermore, we applied FT-IR analysis to confirm the existence of functional groups in the secondary metabolite compounds. A broad absorption band showed the hydroxyl groups (O-H) at 3265 cm-1. The sharp band at 1632 cm-1 exhibited the C=C stretching band. The presence of C-N (stretching) was signified by the absorption band at 1237 cm-1, while the C-H bond in CH3 terminals (alkanes, alkyl group) was exhibited at 1401 cm-1. All the functional groups confirmed in the FT-IR analysis corroborated the phytochemical test results.
The UN Humanitarian System: Crisis, Opportunities and Russia's Position
Authors: Borisov Aleksey Vladimirovich
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the problems of formation and functioning of the UN humanitarian system. The author argues that the crisis is not related to the growing gap between funding needs and the amount of donor funds placed at the disposal of the UN, but to the fact that the humanitarian community, which the UN claims to be in charge of, does not represent an integral organism with a clearly defined control center. The Organization's attempts to build a system for coordinating the efforts of the world community to support the affected countries and help people in need and danger ended in failure. At present, the role of the UN is reduced to the performance of two interrelated functions: a channel for bringing donor funds to secondary recipients and a gatekeeper that determines who can be attributed to the humanitarian community, what type of activity deserves to be called humanitarian. In this regard, the author notes, the position of Russia raises questions when strategic planning documents and regulations governing the process of providing humanitarian assistance state that Russia is part of the global humanitarian system. The author suggests that efforts are needed to expose the essence of the existing humanitarian system and offer an alternative that will promote and realize Russia's national interests.
Fairy Tale Narrative in the Media Environment: Structure and Functions (on the Example of Motivating YouTube Content)
Authors: Pavlov Dmitrii Nikolaevich
Published: March 2023

The article puts forward and substantiates the concept of motivating content. On the example of the four most representative videos posted on the You-Tube video platform, its specific features are considered. So, firstly, the specifics of the composition of the analyzed videos are revealed, it is proved that their structure goes back to the narrative archetypes of a fairy tale. Secondly, the order of the narrative elements is determined and the key features of the emerging syntagmatic plot unity are described. Thirdly, the functional specificity of motivating content has been established, which lies in the fact that it performs a psychological and therapeutic function (motivating content helps in resolving a personal psychological crisis, temporarily replacing real psychological help). The method of functional analysis of the fairy tale narrative, developed by V. Propp, serves as a research method. This method is based on the principle of decomposition of a work, which allows you to divide the material into its component parts and analyze the invariant features of the text series. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it presents a functional analysis of narrative matrices found in media works that perform a psychological and therapeutic function in society. As a result of the study, the author concludes that MC is useful both for the blogger (increase in the audience) and for the viewer (the first, but temporary, psychological and therapeutic help).