bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desentrañando componentes del clima educativo: el caso del proyecto educativo Rubik.
Authors: Pellicer Iborra Carmen , García Monge Alfonso , Gómez González Francisco Javier , Jiménez Ruiz María
Published: April 2023

A positive educational climate is decisive for learning, student well-being and teacher satisfaction. Through a case study focused on three schools with a high level of socio-cultural, linguistic and skills diversity that develop the Rubik educational project, different components that could contribute to generating a good educational climate were analyzed.

The constant close and rigorous accompaniment of the teaching staff, the positive expectations towards each student, the decriminalization of error as a fundamental part of learning, the construction of a interdependence network and support among the students, the development of autonomy, responsibility and metacognition about one’s own personal process, the use of methodologies that facilitate personalization and significance, and orientation towards learning and academic achievement are presented as some of the components that generate an educational climate favorable to the inclusion and involvement of students.

La creación de un clima educativo es determinante para el aprendizaje, el bienestar del alumnado y la satisfacción docente. A través de un estudio de caso centrado en tres colegios con un alto nivel de diversidad socio-cultural, lingüística y de capacidades que desarrollan el proyecto educativo Rubik, se analizaron diferentes componentes que podrían contribuir a generar un buen clima educativo. El constante acompañamiento cercano y riguroso del profesorado, las expectativas positivas hacia cada escolar, la despenalización del error como parte fundamental del aprendizaje, la construcción de un tejido de interdependencia y ayuda entre el alumnado, el desarrollo de la autonomía, la responsabilidad y la metacognición sobre los propios procesos, la utilización de metodologías que facilitan la personalización y la significatividad, y la orientación hacia el aprendizaje y el logro académico se presentan como algunos de los componentes que generan un clima educativo favorable a la inclusión y la implicación del alumnado.
Prácticas políticas que sobreviven a reformas constitucionales: limitación y criminalización de la protesta social en Colombia (1958-2022)
Authors: Arango Restrepo Ana Catalina
Published: April 2023

Objetivo/contexto: este artículo estudia el uso que hizo el Ejecutivo del estado de sitio, entre 1958 y 1990, para silenciar a la oposición y contener la protesta social, con el fin de poner en evidencia cómo las leyes que hoy criminalizan la protesta en Colombia reproducen los rasgos autoritarios que se construyeron en este periodo. Metodología: se desarrolló un método cualitativo basado en la recopilación de los decretos legislativos expedidos entre 1958 y 1990. Este análisis incluye la revisión del considerando de los decretos que declararon el estado de sitio, las medidas que el Ejecutivo adoptó para conjurar las perturbaciones del orden público y la revisión del contexto político en el que dichos decretos fueron expedidos. Conclusiones: este estudio revela que, más preocupante que la represión de un Gobierno puntual, los excesos que hoy observamos por parte del Gobierno y la fuerza pública en el manejo de la protesta social hacen parte de prácticas políticas que tienen décadas de ser ensayadas y reforzadas en momentos de crisis. Originalidad: si bien existen numerosas investigaciones sobre los estados de sitio, este trabajo aporta a la comprensión de cómo se ha construido un pasado autoritario que continúa presente en la memoria de nuestras instituciones y determina la forma en que nuestros gobernantes se enfrentan al disenso.
Cuando los think tanks entran en campaña: el caso de Chile
Authors: Barreda Mikel , Ruiz Rodríguez Leticia M. , Sánchez Medero Gema
Published: April 2023

Objetivo/contexto: el trabajo se ocupa de la contribución de los think tanks (TT) al debate de ideas y a su relación con el entorno. En concreto, se analizan las variaciones que introduce la campaña electoral en las posiciones políticas de los TT, así como el papel de la ideología y de la vinculación a los partidos como posibles determinantes. Metodología: se hace un seguimiento del contenido de las páginas web de diez TT antes y durante la campaña electoral de las elecciones presidenciales de 2021 en Chile, donde existen numerosos TT que se han convertido en protagonistas. Para cada TT se analiza su atención a los temas sociopolíticos y se registra la tendencia de sus posiciones. Conclusiones: el análisis muestra que los TT adaptan su agenda comunicativa a la campaña electoral y que su ideología es una variable clave en esta estrategia. Originalidad: se aporta evidencia sobre la entrada de los TT en las campañas electorales con diferencias entre conservadores y progresistas.
Knowledge Transfer through Public-Private Development Partnerships
Authors: Asrat Eskindir , Hybano Alebachew , Jonsson Anna-Carin
Published: April 2023

This article aims to add to the body of literature on knowledge transfer in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) focusing on the core stakeholders’ experiences in Public-Private Development Partnership (PPDP) in Ethiopia and Zambia. The qualitative case study comparatively examines practices and barriers to promoting knowledge transfer in two TVET programmes in Ethiopia and Zambia— both applied a similar PPDP model. The study draws on data generated through semi-structured interviews based on narratives perspective. Key informants were purposively selected from among stakeholders who were directly involved in the two initiatives. The data analysis process follows thematic analysis. The results show that anchoring the PPDP initiatives with the nationally mandated Ministry and broadening coalition with the private sector are critical in transferring knowledge into the national TVET systems.  Knowledge transfer through PPDPs is challenged by difficulties of retaining staff the initiatives have invested and partnering with a model school isolated from a TVET system that the PPDP intends to influence.  This article points to consideration of local schools’ prior experience of delivering similar programmes in order to insert new programmes into TVET systems. In Ethiopia, new TVET interventions are installed in a country and school not familiar with the knowledge field contrary to the programme in Zambia which was built on the existing programme. The successful transfer of PPDP interventions and their sustainability, it is argued, requires implementation of the initiatives with sound knowledge of the local context, and application of adaptive practices that encourage collaboration with diversified and committed local stakeholders.
Concept recognition deficiency among Palestinian learners of English vocabulary: cross-cultural communication
Authors:   Department of English, Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, Qadan Abdul-Rahman , Shehab Ekrema ,   Department of English, Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University
Published: April 2023

Inasmuch the process of learning English by Palestinian students is fraught with cultural linguistic gaps, this study pinpoints the notion that Palestinian learners of English, as a source language (SL), misinterpret or misperceive some English words or expressions that are SL-culture oriented, assuming their easiness and simplicity, thus dispensing of English dictionary consultation. The study demonstrates that, in many cases, Palestinian learners fall in the trap of an assumed understanding of some relatively straightforward and familiar English words or expressions, but, actually, due to a lack of appropriate exposure to English culture, these English-culture bound words or expressions become unconsciously conceptually misperceived by the learners. To this end, students of basic English courses, particularly Palestinian students of Remedial English at An-Najah National University, with two classes of a representative sample of eighty students, are the subjects of the study. The authors will test students’ awareness of some words or expressions that they think students deem to be of relative easiness, but, in point of fact, they are cross-culturally problematic in the authors’ own perspective. Apart from the few examples with cross-culturally problematic words or expressions the authors will provide, the majority of examples are from the Remedial English course. The study concludes that Palestinian learners of English vocabulary and expressions really get tricked by these ostensibly easy words, mainly due to a cultural gap; therefore, it provides recommendations that would bridge the gap and enhance understanding and accommodation of the other.
Caracterización de estructuras y términos de la crónica tenística
Authors:   Departamento de Lenguas Modernas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Quintero Ramírez Sara
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en caracterizar estructuras y términos utilizados en una muestra de discurso tenístico en el marco de crónicas de televisión. Para ello, hemos conformado un corpus de tres crónicas televisivas que dan cuenta de eventos tenísticos diversos. Partiendo de estudios sobre discurso deportivo en general, nos damos a la tarea de identificar la terminología y las estructuras sintácticas que caracterizan el discurso tenístico en las crónicas televisivas de nuestro corpus. Una vez identificadas las estructuras, determinamos su configuración a fin de determinar ciertos patrones sintácticos en el discurso de esta disciplina deportiva y contrastar dichos patrones con aquellos utilizados en las crónicas de otros deportes. A través de este artículo nos proponemos contribuir en los estudios sobre discurso deportivo, en particular aquellos enfocados en la sintaxis de la crónica televisiva del tenis.
Una Perspectiva Microsecuencial de la Interacción Sociocognitiva en Situaciones de Asimetría de Competencia
Authors:   Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación (IRICE-CONICET-UNR), Castellaro Mariano , Peralta Nadia Soledad ,   Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación (IRICE-CONICET), Tuzinkievicz María Agustina ,   Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación (IRICE-CONICET), Fariz Germán
Published: April 2023

En la literatura socioconstructivista sobre interacción sociocognitiva entre pares predomina un enfoque microanalítico estructural o transversal. Aquí se propone incorporar una perspectiva microsecuencial para analizar la interacción sociocognitiva entre pares, ocurrida en un contexto de asimetría de competencia. Dicha perspectiva se enfoca en la trayectoria de transformaciones y cambios ocurridos evento a evento. El objetivo es identificar microtransiciones regulares entre las unidades cognitivas aportadas por los compañeros/as, en díadas con asimetría de competencia de sexto y séptimo grado que resolvieron una tarea de comprensión de una tabla de frecuencias cruzadas. Participaron 43 díadas (86 sujetos, edad: X=12,29; DE=0,64), de escuelas oficiales de Rosario y zona de influencia (Argentina). La interacción fue codificada a partir de tres grupos de categorías según su función en la tarea: dirigidas a suresolución, a su organización o indirectamente vinculadas. Se realizó un análisis de probabilidades de transición entre todos los códigos. Las transiciones identificadas fueron organizadas según eran: comunes entre ambos/as sujetos o específicas desde uno/a hacia el otro/a; intrasubjetivas o intersubjetivas; activadas o inhibidas. Los resultados indican una fuerte activación de transiciones de carácter intersubjetivo cuando los códigos refieren a afirmaciones dirigidas a resolver la tarea, y esto se observa igualmente desde un sujeto al otro, más allá de la asimetría de competencia entre estos. También se identificaron transiciones dependientes de la asimetría, generalmente activadas o inhibidas a partir de intervenciones del sujeto más competente. El trabajo permite concluir acerca de la relevancia de un enfoque (micro) secuencial de la interacción sociocognitiva, en tanto los resultados aquí reportados no podrían haberse obtenido desde una perspectiva estructural clásica.
Implementación de una iniciativa de mejora para la colaboración interdisciplinaria en una escuela de lenguaje.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Ardiles Lobos Fernanda
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo presenta el diseño y los resultados de la implementación de una iniciativa de mejora para favorecer el trabajo colaborativo entre fonoaudiólogas, educadoras diferenciales y miembros del equipo directivo de una escuela de lenguaje en una comuna urbana de la región Metropolitana El objetivo de la intervención fue contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura educacional que promueva la inclusión e incentive el desarrollo profesional e instalar procesos de reflexión a través de estrategias de liderazgo instruccional, tales como: ciclos de observación y retroalimentación de la práctica docente con foco en la diversificación de la enseñanza de preescolares con Necesidades Educativas Especiales. La intervención se hizo basándose en la metodología del “desing-based research”, organizado en tres etapas: 1) etapa de reuniones colaborativas, 2) etapa de implementación y 3) etapa de evaluación. En la primera etapa se abordaron objetivos como: construir una visión compartida de trabajo colaborativo y diversificación de la enseñanza, conocer lineamientos claves de retroalimentación y de la observación de clases efectiva, practicarla y realizar un diagnóstico del grupo curso para decidir el objetivo a abordar. La segunda etapa se focalizó en dos ciclos de observación y retroalimentación, consistentes en la generación de una planificación compartida, ejecución de la clase y observación y retroalimentación entre pares. En la tercera etapa, se evaluó el trabajo realizado en el proceso de implementación a través de la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los participantes, valorando la percepción de eficacia y el análisis de barreras y facilitadores para la implementación, además del análisis de las planificaciones pedagógicas realizadas en cada ciclo de observación y retroalimentación. De acuerdo a este análisis se puede concluir que los ciclos de observación y retroalimentación son percibidos por el equipo como eficaces e influyentes en el desarrollo profesional, además de contribuir a la promoción de una cultura colaborativa e inclusiva a través de la diversificación de la enseñanza. A partir del trabajo realizado se crea una propuesta de implementación de estas iniciativas a través de 11 recomendaciones para otros establecimientos que deseen implementar iniciativas de mejora para el trabajo colaborativo en sus instituciones.
Las prácticas de liderazgo del equipo de gestión en relación con los asistentes profesionales de la educación. Estudio de caso
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Chaf Gallardo Alexander Manuel
Published: April 2023

Los contextos educativos han sufrido diversos cambios en las últimas décadas en Chile. Una ola de políticas públicas educativas se ha manifestado en los sistemas de Educación. Junto a esto, una serie de nuevas leyes y normativas que se orientan en la dirección de asegurar una educación de calidad para todos los estudiantes. En ese contexto la sociedad chilena ha exigido diversas demandas a la educación. Es así, como la incorporación de nuevos actores profesionales van a reforzar dichos objetivos educativos. La incorporación de profesionales en la educación, complementan el trabajo de los asistentes de la educación. De ahí, que hablamos de asistentes profesionales de la educación. Dentro de los objetivos macros que sigue la educación en Chile está la educación integral, es así, como surgimiento de los equipos de convivencia escolar dialogan con este objetivo, en las mejoras de los climas escolar. Entendiendo a estos equipos como fenómenos emergentes dentro del contexto educacional. Es por eso por lo que se hace necesario identificar cuáles son las prácticas de liderazgo que realizan los equipos de gestión con estos profesionales. Así también, conocer las características de los equipos de gestión y cuál es su percepción que tienen de la labor que realizan los profesionales del equipo de convivencia escolar. Por último, identificar cómo ven el liderazgo del equipo de gestión dichos profesionales. De esta forma, se evidenciaron las diferentes prácticas de liderazgo que se ejecutan en el establecimiento. Dentro de estos, existen prácticas que están declaradas y otras que no. Así mismo, por parte del equipo de gestión se manifiesta el rol relevante que tienen los asistentes profesionales de la educación de convivencia escolar para el logro de los objetivos organizacionales y de aprendizaje integral. Por otro lado, existe diferencias en la dupla psicosocial con relación al liderazgo que se ejecuta en la organización educativa.
Diferenciación del tipo de juego en la primera infancia, según nivel socioeconómico
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Iraola Barboza Marco Antonio
Published: April 2023

El juego infantil presenta múltiples beneficios para el desarrollo físico, cognitivo, emocional y social de niños y niñas (Wentzel y Ashlaye, 1995; Raver, 2002). Sin embargo, el contexto socioeconómico establecería diferentes oportunidades de juego, razón por la que no todos los niños desarrollarían las habilidades transmitidas por este medio de forma equitativa (Milteer, Ginsburg & Mulligan, 2012). Considerando lo anterior, es que la presente investigación busca identificar las diferencias que podrían presentarse en el tipo de juego de niños y niñas de transición menor, tomando como determinante el grupo socioeconómico al cual pertenecen. Para esto, se diseñó una pauta de observación de recreo basada en la clasificación de juego de David Whitebread (2012), que registra indicadores de i) juego físico, ii) juego con objetos, iii) juego simbólico, iv) juego de roles y, finalmente, v) juego reglado. La pauta fue aplicada a recreos de niños y niñas de 15 establecimientos educacionales, según las siguientes características: cinco de dependencia particular pagada, cinco de dependencia particular subvencionada y cinco de dependencia municipal y se registró presencia o ausencia del juego según la clasificación de Whitebread (2012). Los datos fueron analizados a partir de la prueba estadística chi-cuadrado, con el fin de establecer si existiría una dependencia entre el nivel socioeconómico y el tipo de juego practicado por niños y niñas. Los resultados no son concluyentes acerca de que el nivel socioeconómico efectivamente incida en el tipo de juego presente en los distintos contextos socioeconómicos observados, ya que, esto sería significativo sólo en algunos tipos de juego en particular, por lo que los resultados habría que analizarlos con mayor detalle, ya que el tipo de juego sería sólo uno de los aspectos a considerar al intentar establecer las diferencias de juego entre nivel socioeconómico.
Amor en pandemia: el rol moderador del afrontamiento diádico en la relación entre el apego y satisfacción relacional en parejas jóvenes que no cohabitan.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Díaz Segovia Zamira
Published: April 2023

La pandemia mundial por COVID-19 ha tenido profundos efectos en la vida de las personas, trayendo consigo una serie de medidas sanitarias que dificultan el contacto físico cara a cara, sobre todo en las personas que viven en hogares diferentes como pueden ser las parejas jóvenes sin cohabitación. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el rol moderador del afrontamiento diádico en la relación entre las dimensiones del apego y la satisfacción con la relación en parejas jóvenes no cohabitantes en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 95 parejas chilenas heterosexuales de entre 18 y 30 años que mantenían una relación amorosa de al menos seis meses y que no cohabitaban, quienes completaron una encuesta en línea de manera individual. La unidad de análisis fueron las díadas y mediante el análisis del modelo Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) se encontró que, para los efectos actor tanto la ansiedad como la evitación tuvieron efectos negativos en la satisfacción, mientras que ninguno de los efectos partner fueron significativos. El efecto de interacción de las dimensiones del apego y la evaluación del afrontamiento diádico sobre la satisfacción fue significativa para los hombres en la ansiedad y la evitación, mientras que para las mujeres sólo se vio en la ansiedad del apego. En conclusión, el nivel de satisfacción es alto cuando la evaluación del afrontamiento diádico es alta, indistintamente del nivel de evitación o ansiedad del apego. Por tanto, el afrontamiento diádico actúa como un factor moderador entre el apego y la satisfacción con la relación, favoreciendo una mayor satisfacción para las personas con inseguridad en el apego. Se discuten las implicancias clínicas de estos hallazgos sobre la utilidad de las estrategias de afrontamiento diádico como amortiguador en las parejas jóvenes no cohabitantes con inseguridad en el apego.
Experimental study of the impact of chamfer and fillet in the frontal edge of adherends on the fatigue properties of adhesive joints subjected to peel
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Kubit Andrzej , Zielecki Władysław , Kaščák Ľuboš , Szawara Paulina
Published: April 2023

The paper presents the influence of simple structural modifications of the adherend on the fatigue properties of adhesive joints subjected to peel. The considered modifications consisted in making a chamfer and fillet on the front edge of the adherend. The purpose of such modifications was to locally increase the thickness of the adhesive layer in the area of stress concentration. Fatigue strength tests were carried out using an electrodynamic shaker at the resonant frequency of the flexible adherend. On the basis of fatigue strength tests carried out at the limited number of cycles equal to 2×106, it was shown that a local increase in the thickness of the adhesive layer in the front part of the joint allows a significant increase in the joint's fatigue lifetime and fatigue strength. The greatest effect was shown for the variant with the fillet R2. In this case, an increase in fatigue strength of 33.1% compared to the base variant was demonstrated. For the fatigue stress level of 20.25 MPa, an increase in fatigue lifetime of 337.7% was also demonstrated. Based on the conducted research, it was shown that the reason for the improvement of the fatigue properties of the joints due to the local increase in the thickness of the adhesive layer is the phenomenon of energy absorption in the frontal area of the joint. Absorption of energy that inhibits the process of fatigue results from, among others, local flexibility of the joint, as well as nucleation of cracks in the locally increased volume of the adhesive.
Mobilidade espacial da população: pressupostos teórico-metodológicos
Authors: Azevedo Aurécio Cavalcante de , Bezerra Josué Alencar
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar uma discussão de caráter epistemológico referente às principais correntes que abordam o fenômeno da mobilidade espacial da população, bem como das dificuldades metodológicas que existem no trato deste objeto. Para isso, o texto está apoiado em uma revisão de literatura Neoclássica e Neomarxista, em obras que abordam o fenômeno da mobilidade no período mais recente. Utilizamos de contextos empíricos brasileiros extraídos do Censo Demográfico e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua, ambos promovidos pelo IBGE para melhor compreensão dos fluxos espaciais da população. Consideramos que, apesar de existirem distintas teorias e diferentes métodos de estudar o fenômeno da mobilidade espacial da população, não há uma teoria que explique a gama de tipologias e múltiplas faces deste fenômeno considerando a diversidade escalar do espaço geográfico.
Padrões demográficos e desigualdades socioeconômicas no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lazaretti Lauana Rossetto , Teixeira Felipe Orsolin
Published: April 2023

A redução nas taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade contribuem para o envelhecimento da população e geram mudanças socioeconômicas. O menor número de filhos está relacionado, principalmente, ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ao maior nível de educação e renda das mulheres, o que varia entre as regiões. No entanto, fatores além da renda e da educação, tal como questões relacionas a cultura e ao planejamento familiar, também podem influenciar no processo de transição demográfica. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar padrões demográficos de vulnerabilidade para o estado. Utilizam-se o método de análise fatorial e a análise exploratória de dados espaciais. Os resultados indicaram que em municípios com pouca urbanização o percentual de nascimentos é maior entre as mães sem instrução. Além disso, embora constatada a existência de uma relação entre o processo de transição demográfica e o nível de desenvolvimento econômico, o número de nascimentos entre as faixas de renda e níveis de escolaridades das mães não são homogêneos entre os municípios. A presença de clusters espaciais de elevado número de filhos entre as mães com baixo ou sem rendimentos e entre aquelas sem instrução ou com ensino fundamental incompleto evidencia regiões com alta vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, uma vez que a mobilidade intergeracional de renda e educação não seja superada.
Assessment of Free Basic Compulsory Education on Schooling and the Reduction of Child Labor in Tanzania
Authors: Lyanga Amani Abisai
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to assess free basic compulsory education on schooling and the reduction of child labor in Tanzania. In late 2015 the government of Tanzania, under late president John Pombe Joseph Magufuli, announced the cancellation of school fees from pre-primary to lower secondary schools. The main goal was to ensure all children of school age attended the school. In January 2016, the implementation of free basic compulsory education commenced despite those efforts initiated by the government to tackle the problem of child labor hampering them from attending school. Unfortunately, child labor is still becoming out of control within society. This study employed qualitative methodology whereby secondary data (documentary review) from the Tanzania national bureau of statistics and the international labor organization were used to collect data. Data were analyzed through thematic content.

The findings revealed that, across areas in the country, the most significant proportion of children who attend school only is found in Dar es Salaam, with 86.7 percent (88.8 percent of boys and 84.8 percent of girls), followed by other urban areas with 68.2 percent and 39 percent for children in Rural areas. However, ignorance and lack of awareness from the parents and guardians in the society led to the increase of child labor among Tanzanians, especially in rural areas, where most people are not educated enough. The people in rural areas do not regard education as the most important for the future development of children. As a result, they do not send their children to schools, especially girls who always face early marriages due to cultural beliefs. In Tanzania, some tribes encourage only boys to go to school, while girls are supposed to remain home to take care of their siblings and wash dishes. Another reason that led to the increase of child labor in the country is that parents and guardians do not understand the importance of education to their children. Therefore, the government must educate the mass, especially in rural areas so, to make them aware of eradicating the problem. Thus, a researcher suggested that the government rethink the funding mechanism for students from poor and wealthy families. It means that children from low-income families must be considered by exercise, books, uniforms, and pens to reduce the burden on their parents and guardians. To sum up, the government should increase the education budget to reduce parents' burdens.
Toxicological Assessment of Wistar Rats Fed with Feed Fortified with Processed Breadfruit
Authors: Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian , Ezennaya Chidinma Felicia , Nwobodo Valentine Osita Godwin , Okwuenu Gift Nonso
Published: April 2023

Background: The seed of breadfruit is a major food consumed in some parts of Nigeria. It has been identified as an important leguminous food that is highly rich in carbohydrates and protein with abundant minerals and vitamins and is known to contain important anti-nutrients.
Aim: This study aims to assess the possible toxicological effect of feed fortified with cooked, parboiled, and grilled breadfruit on the liver and kidney function parameters of Wistar rats.
Method: Kidney and liver function tests were carried out using standard diagnostic methods. Results: The results of the kidney function test carried out revealed that feed fortified with 30% cooked and parboiled breadfruit showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the creatinine level while a significant increase (p<0.05) in the Urea level was observed in all the groups fed with the processed breadfruit with respect to the normal control group. The liver function test carried out showed an increase (p<0.05) in Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activity in the group fortified with 30% cooked breadfruit, a significant increase in Aspartate Transaminase (AST) activity (p<0.05) in all fortified groups with an exception to the group fortified with 30% cooked breadfruit. A significant increase (p<0.05) in Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was seen in the group fortified with 50% grilled breadfruit.
Conclusion: The rise in the level of kidney function parameters and liver function enzymes in the blood of the rats fed with feeds fortified with processed breadfruit is an indication that prolonged consumption of breadfruit may have an adverse effect on the renal and hepatic function.
Impact of Abiotic Factors on the Incidence of Insect Pests in Rice
Authors: Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Singh Sameer Kumar , Verma Rajneesh Kumar , Singh Shivendra Pratap
Published: April 2023

The investigation on impact of abiotic factors on incidence of insect pests in rice was carried out during Kharif 2021. The highest and lowest Rice Yellow Stem Borer incidence was recorded at vegetative stage in the form of dead heart at 31st Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMW) and 40th SMW and it was 16.48% and 1.10%, respectively, whereas at reproductive stage the highest and lowest incidence was recorded in the form of white ear at 42nd SMW and 41th SMW i.e., 18.12% and 16.75%, respectively. The highest Rice leaf folder incidence was recorded in 36th SMW (16.25%) and lowest in 44th SMW (1.31%). The highest and lowest Rice Gundhi bug mean population was recorded in 39th SMW (10.30 bugs/hill) and 44th SMW (1.31 bugs/hill). The highest and lowest Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) mean population was recorded in 38th SMW and 41st SMW and it was10.80 BPH/hill and 1.60 BPH/hill, respectively. The yellow stem borer showed significant positive correlation with relative humidity whereas, non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall and sunshine. Rice leaf folder population showed significant positive correlation with minimum temperature and relative humidity. Whereas, positive and non-significant correlation with maximum temperature and rainfall. However, negative and non-significant correlation with sunshine. Gundhi bug showed a non-significant positive correlation with Relative humidity, Rainfall and sunshine. However, negative and non-significant correlation with minimum temperature and maximum temperature. BPH population showed significant positive correlation with minimum temperature and relative humidity, however positive and non-significant correlation with maximum temperature and rainfall. Whereas, negative and non-significant correlation with Sunshine.
Increasing Array of Herbicides for Post-emergence Weed Control and Seed Yield in Maize (Zea mays Linn)
Authors: A. Aluko O. , O. Amosun J. , O. Olasoji J. , A. D. Adewumi , K. Odunaye M.
Published: April 2023

Study was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural research and Training (IAR&T) Ilora (Derived savanna agro-ecology) substation in the rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015, to appraise herbicides for post-emergence weed control and increase array of herbicides for weed control in maize. Weed samples were taken from a three-year fallow field before land preparation. Herbicides under evaluation were assigned to 3 x 3 plots at different rates. These were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that initial weed flora richness were 22% and 78% grass and broad-leaved weeds respectively. These were found in five (5) plant families. All the weeds sampled were annuals. Narrow annual weed spectrum, described continuous cropping activities in the location. Herbicides improved plant height by 36 to 50% compared to weed infested maize plants. Though phyto-toxicity was evident at three and twenty-one  days after treatment (DAT), ranging from 1/10 to 3.79/10 and 2/5 and 3.67/10 correspondingly when visually rated (0 – 10 scale). Notwithstanding, herbicides gave impressive weed control rate (WCR) at 21 DAT (6.7/10  - 8.7/10), with evidence of superior weed control efficiency (WCE >80%) at harvest across herbicide treated plots relative to weedy control plots. 2,4-D DMA (0.86 kg ai/ha), Fluroxypyr methyl (0.40 ai kg/ha), 2,4-D + Dicamba (0.68 + 0.24 kg ai/ha) and 2,4-D DMA (2.58 kg ai/ha) had <30% relative yield loss (RYL%) with comparable seed yield compared to the highest recorded in weed-free plot (13.29 t/ha). Plant height at 8 WAS (weeks after sowing) had significant inverse relationship with weediness at 5 WAS and weed dry weight at harvest (- 0.62). Consequently, early weed control is essential for maize performance. On the other hand, plant height enhanced weed control efficiency at harvest (0.62). Tall plants have tendency to reduce relative yield loss (RYL %) as they were inversely related 1 (- 0.42). Comparable WCE% (83 -99%) in herbicide treated plots reduced weed growth by about 88%. Hence, lower rate of herbicides with <30% phyto-toxicity level should be considered to increase array of herbicides for post-emergence weed control, sustainable maize production and environmental friendliness.
A New Relantioship for the Prediction of the Formation of Gas Hydrate in Fluids Petroleum
Authors: Oprea Iulian , Stoianovici Doru , Chis Timur , Bârsan Doru
Published: April 2023

The presence of gas hydrates in natural gas extraction, transport and storage facilities, creates problems related to the blocking of flow pores in the productive layer, the clogging of pipelines and especially the increase in the delivery and pumping pressure of natural gas. This aspect usually leads to damage to oil structures by damaging them and especially by stopping gas supplies. The present work presents the history of the identification of natural gas hydrates present in nature as well as their nucleation conditions.

Also, following the laboratory determinations, two new correlations could be made to indicate the pressure and temperature at the beginning of the nucleation of gas hydrates, starting from the determination of their specific gravity.

The new correlations were compared with the laboratory data and with the existing correlations in the specialized literature, the results being close.

Also, based on the observations of the formation of gas hydrates of some gases with a specific density between 0.6 and 1.0, it was possible to analyze the laboratory data with those obtained after running a new correlatios.
Analysis and Research of Compound Refrigeration based on Logic Control Battery
Authors: Sun Haojun , Hu Jiamin
Published: April 2023

In order to ensure the safety and stability of the power battery, the design of refrigeration system is very important. Firstly, a battery model based on logic control and lumped heat parameters was established to determine the real-time and accurate state of battery heat generation, heat transfer, radiation heat dissipation and battery temperature. The feasibility of the simulation model is verified by the experimental results. Secondly, the refrigeration system of battery air cooling and liquid cooling is established, and a new composite cooling system is proposed and built. By changing the wind speed and flow rate, the variation of the cooling effect of air cooling and liquid cooling with the medium flow rate was analyzed. The results show that, in a certain range, the larger the flow rate, the more obvious the cooling effect of the cooling method, and the flow rate is positively correlated with the cooling effect. In order to compare the cooling effect of the new composite cooling system, the temperature rise curves, temperature difference curves and energy consumption of different cooling methods were analyzed under the discharge rates of 4C and 8C.he results show that when the system tends to be stable, the total energy consumption of liquid cooling and mixed cooling is almost the same, and the energy consumption of air cooling is the largest. According to the analysis of the maximum equilibrium temperature difference inside the battery unit when the temperature is stable, the temperature difference of the composite cooling method is the smallest, about 1℃. Moreover, by analyzing the fluctuation range of battery pack temperature when it is stable, the fluctuation of composite refrigeration is the smallest, only 2℃. In conclusion, the hybrid refrigeration system based on logic control has good cooling performance.
Quaternary prevention in health in the perception of health professionals / Prevenção quaternária na saúde na percepção de profissionais de saúde
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Junior Rene , Sena Dias Maria Luiza , Rodrigues Gonçalves Náthila Nadinny , De Oliveira e Silva Carla Silvana , Steil Siewert Josiane , Maia Gusmão Ricardo Otávio
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: compreender as percepções de profissionais de saúde atuantes em um hospital acerca da prevenção quaternária. Método: foi conduzido um estudo exploratório de cunho qualitativo, cuja fundamentação teórica baseou-se no interacionismo simbólico e na análise de conteúdo como referencial metodológico. A população foi composta por onze profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. Resultados: A análise dos discursos determinou a construção das unidades temáticas agrupadas em três categorias temáticas para discussão: significado da prevenção quaternária para profissionais de saúde, experiências com a prevenção quaternária no contexto clínico-assistencial e interações sociais. À luz do interacionismo simbólico, identificaram-se experiências positivas e negativas com destaque às dificuldades dos profissionais e instituições para atuarem com a prevenção quaternária. Conclusão: Para concretização dessa proposta é necessário que uma reorientação da prática clínica dos profissionais seja almejada por meio de condutas técnicas e éticas desejáveis.
Longitudinal Trends in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fischer Ian C. , Nichter Brandon , Na Peter J. , Norman Sonya B. , Krystal John H. , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Concerns have been raised since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic that vulnerable populations, such as military veterans, may be at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs).

Objective

To examine longitudinal trends in STBs in US military veterans during the first 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study is a population-based longitudinal study including US military veterans that used 3 surveys from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Median dates of data collection were November 21, 2019 (prepandemic); November 14, 2020; and August 18, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Lifetime and past-year suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt.

Results

In this longitudinal study including 2441 veterans (mean [SD] age, 63.2 years [14.0]; 2182 [92.1%] male), past-year suicidal ideation decreased from 9.3% prepandemic (95% CI, 8.2%-10.6%) to 6.8% a year later (95% CI%, 5.8-7.9%) and then slightly increased to 7.7% (95% CI, 6.7%-8.9%) 2 years later. In total, 9 veterans (0.4%) reported attempting suicide at least once during the follow-up period, while 100 (3.8%) developed new-onset suicidal ideation and 28 (1.2%) developed new-onset suicide planning. After adjusting for sociodemographic and military characteristics, factors strongly associated with new-onset suicidal ideation included higher education (odds ratio [OR], 3.27; 95% CI, 1.95-5.46), lifetime substance use disorder (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.23-3.46), prepandemic loneliness (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.49), and lower prepandemic purpose in life (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97). Factors associated with new-onset suicide planning included lifetime substance use disorder (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.22-7.55), higher prepandemic psychiatric distress (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.18), and lower prepandemic purpose in life (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95).

Conclusions and Relevance

Contrary to expectations, the prevalence of STBs did not increase for most US veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, veterans with preexisting loneliness, psychiatric distress, and lower purpose in life were at heightened risk of developing new-onset suicidal ideation and suicide planning during the pandemic. Evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts that target these factors may help mitigate suicide risk in this population.
Fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control of tandem rotor helicopter considering internal actuator saturation and external wind gust
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Pengcheng , Geng Keke , Zhu Xiaoyuan
Published: April 2023

Tandem rotor helicopter is configured with two main rotors distributed along the longitudinal direction and without anti‐torque tail rotor. Therefore, the control strategy of tandem rotor helicopter can be quite different from that of traditional helicopter systems. In this article, a fault‐tolerant attitude tracking controller is presented for tandem rotor helicopter, with considerations of external wind disturbance and internal actuator problem. First, attitude control oriented dynamic model of the tandem rotor helicopter is constructed, in which both actuator fault and saturation are involved. Base on statistical characteristics of practical wind condition as well as aerodynamic properties of the helicopter rotors, a detailed wind load model is further established. Then, a fault‐tolerant attitude tracking controller is proposed for the tandem rotor helicopter system by incorporating nonsingular terminal sliding mode control with an adaptive super twisting algorithm, which allows a simultaneous regulation of the three angular motions via two propeller rotors. Finally, based on Quanser's 3‐dof helicopter system, comparative simulation tests are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness as well as advantages of the proposed fault‐tolerant controller design.
Functionally Graded AA7075 Components Produced via Hot Stamping: A Novel Process Design Inspired from Analysis of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bütev Öcal Ezgi , Sajadifar Seyed Vahid , Sellner Erik P. K. , Vollmer Malte , Heidarzadeh Akbar , Zavašnik Janez , Niendorf Thomas , Groche Peter
Published: April 2023

Herein, functionally graded AA7075 components manufactured via hot stamping are investigated by focusing on the effect of different process variables on localized microstructure evolution. To realize gradation through stamping, an active tool is designed and applied. The design of experiments allows to assess the impact of transfer time from the furnace to the tool, quenching time in the tool, and final quenching media. Related characteristics of mechanical properties throughout the hat‐shaped profile are assessed via hardness and tensile tests. As expected, the sections of the samples formed in the cooled part of the tool are characterized by higher mechanical strength following subsequent aging, while sections formed in the heated part exhibit higher ductility. Moreover, the microstructural analysis reveals that fine precipitates with minimum interparticle distances only form in the cooled section of the samples. Increasing the tool temperature at the heated side to 350 °C results in the formation of coarse precipitates in the grain interior and along the grain boundaries. A sharp gradient in terms of microstructural and mechanical properties is found between these conditions. After reducing the transfer time, an increased volume fraction of fine precipitates leads to further improvements in hardness and mechanical strengths.
Double‐Spirals Offer the Development of Preprogrammable Modular Metastructures
Authors: Jafarpour Mohsen , Gorb Stanislav N. , Rajabi Hamed
Published: April 2023

Metamaterials with adjustable, sometimes unusual properties offer advantages over conventional materials with predefined mechanical properties in many technological applications. A group of metamaterials, called modular metamaterials or metastructures, are developed through the arrangement of multiple, mostly similar building blocks. These modular structures can be assembled using prefabricated modules and reconfigured to promote efficiency and functionality. Herein, a novel modular metastructure is developed by taking advantage of the high compliance of preprogrammable double‐spirals. First, the mechanical behavior of a four‐module metastructure under tension, compression, rotation, and sliding is simulated using the finite‐element method. Then, 3D printing and mechanical testing are used to illustrate the tunable anisotropic and asymmetric behavior of the spiral‐based metastructures in practice. The results show the simple reconfiguration of the presented metastructure toward the desired functions. The mechanical behavior of single double‐spirals and the characteristics that can be achieved through their combinations make our modular metastructure suitable for various applications in robotics, aerospace, and medical engineering.
Nanozyme‐Based Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Their Applications
Authors: Wang Yue , Jia Xiaodan , An Shangjie , Yin Wenbo , Huang Jiahao , Jiang Xiue
Published: April 2023

Metabolism is the sum of the enzyme‐dependent chemical reactions, which produces energy in catabolic process and synthesizes biomass in anabolic process, exhibiting high similarity in mammalian cell, microbial cell, and plant cell. Consequently, the loss or gain of metabolic enzyme activity greatly affects cellular metabolism. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics with diverse functions and adjustable catalytic activities, have shown attractive potential for metabolic regulation. Although the basic metabolic tasks are highly similar for the cells from different species, the concrete metabolic pathway varies with the intracellular structure of different species. Here, the basic metabolism in living organisms is described and the similarities and differences in the metabolic pathways among mammalian, microbial, and plant cells and the regulation mechanism are discussed. The recent progress on regulation of cellular metabolism mainly including nutrient uptake and utilization, energy production, and the accompanied redox reactions by different kinds of oxidoreductases and their applications in the field of disease therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and sustainable agriculture is systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of nanozymes in regulating cell metabolism are also discussed, which broaden their application scenarios.