bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The assessment of the rationality of the pharmacotherapy of acute respiratory viral infection in the outpatient practice
Authors: Balitska O. P. , Hryhoruk Yu. M. , Artemchuk M. A. , Zlahoda V. S. V. S.
Published: April 2021

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) and influenza occupy a leading place in the structure of the overall morbidity of the population in most countries.

Aim. To assess the rational prescription of drugs for etiotropic therapy of ARI in the outpatient practice.

Materials and methods. The following materials for research were used: case histories; treatment sheets; the Unified clinical protocol of primary care for adults and children “Acute respiratory infections”; data of the State Formulary of Medicines as of January 2021; the Register of wholesale prices; the weekly “Apteka” (Pharmacy). The methods of retrospective, descriptive, frequency, and VEN-analysis were applied.

Results. According to the research results, using patient histories, it was found that family doctors prescribed 67 drugs by trade names. For etiotropic therapy, 24 drugs were used; it was 37 % of the total number, and 63 % – for symptomatic therapy. Such drugs as Amizon, Aflubin, Amixin, Resistol, Umkalor were for etiotropic therapy (more than 5 prescriptions). None of these drugs is included in the State Formulary of Medicines and the Unified clinical protocol for the treatment of influenza and SARS. Thus, these drugs are without the proven efficiency, safety and cost-effective use.

Conclusions. The study conducted has shown that the drugs prescribed most often do not have an evidence base of efficacy and safety; none of the most frequently prescribed drugs is included in the State Formulary of Medicines and the Unified clinical protocol. A direct relationship between an increase in the number of prescriptions and an increase in price has been proven.

Key words: acute respiratory viral infections; influenza; frequency analysis; VEN-analysis; family doctor.
Analysis of the assortment and economic affordability of noоtropic drugs
Authors: Mishchenko O. Ya. , Palagina N. Yu. , Khaleeva O. L. , Greshko Yu. I.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To analyze the range and assess the economic availability of nootropic drugs at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018.

Materials and methods. The study object was information about nootropic drugs available at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2018 based on the data of the “PharmXplorer” analytical system of the information retrieval company “Morion”. The study included drugs used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases from the N06B X pharmacotherapeutic group (according to the ATC classification) – “Other psychostimulative and nootropic drugs”. An indicator of the adequacy of solvency (Ca.s.) was calculated using the data taken on the prices of drugs and the average level of wages for 2018.

Results. At the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018 a wide range of nootropic drugs was presented. The range of retail prices per drug pack was significant, indicating the possibility of a doctor and a patient to choose the drug taking into account its efficacy, safety and affordability. Most trade names of nootropics (52 %) were registered as oral dosage forms, being compliant for patients with chronic cerebral circulatory disorders. 48 % were injectable and infusion drugs, which were topical for acute ischemic attack.

Conclusions. It was found that in 2018 drugs containing piracetam, vinpocetine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its derivatives, most drugs based Phenibut (84.6 % of TN) and citicoline (68 % of TN) were highly available to the consumer. Most of the injectable dosage forms of nootropics based on hydrolyzates and tissue derivatives were readily available (50 % of TH) for the average consumer in Ukraine. Considering a fairly wide range of nootropic drugs and the economic availability of most of them the principle of superiority of clinical efficacy, safety and affordability should be the basis for creating and developing new nootropic drugs.

Key words: nootropic drugs; assortment; economic affordability; Ukrainian pharmaceutical market.
The Effectiveness of Sea Urchin Extract (Echinometra matthaei) for Wound Healing on Deep Second-Degree in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar
Authors: Kresnamurti Angelica , Nurlita R Dita , Budiarti Fitri
Published: April 2021

Background: Burns is a form of tissue damage caused by high temperatures. Echinometra matthaei sea urchins have several secondary metabolites that can potentially help in the healing process of burns. In this study, 70% E. matthaei ethanol extract was formulated in the form of O / W (oil in water) type cream preparations which were applied topically. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of E. matthaei ethanol extract cream preparations on the healing of second-degree burns in Wistar strain rats. In this study preparations were made in 3 formulations, namely Formulation 1 (extract concentration of 1%), Formulation 2 (extract concentration of 3%), and Formulation 3 (extract concentration of 5%). This research was conducted for 7 days with the method used is the post-test only control group design. Experiments were given induction of burns using a hot plate with a diameter of 20 mm at a temperature of ± 200ºC for 15 seconds. Wound healing is observed periodically by observing macroscopically healing inflammation of the inflammatory phase and observing tissue growth in the proliferation phase. Results: The average percentage of inflammation healing showed improvement in the F2: 100%, F1: 80%, F3: 71% results were better than the wound group: 50% as evidenced by the value α = 0.012 (
Odonata (Insecta) checklist in reserves in Campos y Malezales ecoregion in Misiones, with new distributional records
Authors: Schroder Noelia M. , Rippel Camila G. , Pessacq Pablo
Published: April 2021

The dragonfly fauna of four reserves located in Campos y Malezales ecoregion, Misiones Province, was studied between 2014 and 2018. Thirty-six species and eight morphotypes, belonging to six families of Anisoptera and Zygoptera were identified, representing together 22% of the known species in the Province. Libellulidae was the family with the highest number of species recorded (22 species) followed by Coenagrionidae (15 species). Two species were new records, one for Argentina (Minagrion waltheri Selys), and one for Misiones province (Tholymis citrina Hagen)
First records of the phytophagous Eumerus strigatus (Fallén) (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae: Merodontini) in Argentina
Authors: Torretta Juan P. , Haedo Joana P. , Allasino Mariana L. , Marrero Hugo J.
Published: April 2021

The exotic syrphid Eumerus strigatus (Fallén) is reported for the first time in Argentina. Individuals of this species were captured in two sites distant more than 1,000 km (Villalonga, province of Buenos Aires, and Pocito, province of San Juan) associated with onion crops (Allium cepa L.). We propose the monitoring of this phytophagous hover fly because of its potential risk for this important horticultural crop
Emotional labor as the underlying mechanism in the relationship between emotional stability and affective commitment: A study in the hospitality industry
Authors: Subhiksa Siwa Kantha , Purba Debora Eflina
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the mediating effects of emotional labor variables, namely emotive effort and dissonance resulting from deep and surface acting strategies, which are based on the relationship between emotional stability and affective commitment. 249 data were obtained from the hospitality industry in major cities in Indonesia and were analyzed using a mediation technique. The results showed that emotive effort mediated the relationship between emotional stability and affective commitment. Furthermore, it was also shown that emotive dissonance did not mediate the relationship between emotional stability and affective commitment.
Examining the causal relationship of entrepreneurial ecosystem and process: New contribution from an emerging economy
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi , Hidayat Agus Sofian Eka , Johan Suwinto
Published: April 2021

Existing literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems mostly ignores empirical research on the causal relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and their outputs. Therefore, this study examined the causal relationship of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on opportunity recognition, exploitation, and venture growth as its ecosystem outputs. This is quantitative research with the survey method. The study population is startup actors in Indonesia, consisting of owners, chief executive officers, and managers. The accidental sampling method with rigid screening questions was applied and questionnaires were distributed online through social media and messaging apps. The questionnaire was prepared using the Multi-dimensional Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Scale (MEES) to determine the ecosystem construct. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques in the AMOS application. The result showed that the entrepreneurial ecosystem significantly affects opportunity recognition, exploitation, and venture growth. This fills the gap in this research and helps decision-makers in facilitating a better entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Avaliação do efeito antidepressivo símile in vivo de um derivado de chalcona e sua modelagem molecular por docking
Authors: De Oliveira Kardilandia Mendes , Lima Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna , Melo Cinthia Rodrigues , Filho Abrahão Alves de Oliveira , Borges Flávio Valadares Pereira , Duarte Gabrielly Diniz , Rodrigues Luis Cezar , De Andrade Humberto Hugo Nunes , Monteiro Álefe Brito , Pordeus Liana Clébia de Morais
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a substância GA-4, quanto a ser um potente candidato a antidepressivo, além de identificar seu possível mecanismo de ação através de docking. Métodos: Foram realizados ensaios psicofarmacológicos in vivo, devidamente autorizado pelo Comitê de ética no uso de animais, utilizando camundongos Swiss, sendo através de testes do campo aberto nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg, analisando os parâmetros: Rearing, Grooming, Número de cruzamentos, micções e bolos fecais. Além do teste do nado forçado, sendo avaliado o tempo de imobilidade dos animais nas mesmas doses do teste de campo aberto. A modelagem molecular foi realizada através de programas computacionais. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a substância GA-4 apresenta atividade antidepressiva, tendo em vista que reduziu o tempo de imobilidade no teste do nado forçado e não alterou a atividade locomotora no teste de campo aberto. No estudo de docking, a substância GA-4 teve afinidade com o receptor α2- adrenérgico e se ligou no mesmo sítio de ativação da ioimbina, mostrando ser um possível antagonista dos receptores α2- adrenérgico Conclusão: Diante dos resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que a substância GA-4 é um potencial candidato a medicamento antidepressor. Possivelmente por antagonizar os receptores α2- adrenérgico.
Tendências da hanseníase nas Mesorregiões do Pará, um Estado hiperendêmico do Norte do Brasil, 2004-2018
Authors: Chaquiam Ivone Diniz , Da Silva Emanuele Rocha , Dos Santos José Natanael Gama , Neto Belmiro Figueiredo Vinente , Mota Joao Victor Filgueiras , Teixeira Raiula Gabriela da Silva , Braga Rebeca Lima , Pereira Waltair Maria Martins
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da detecção da hanseníase, na população em geral, nas Mesorregiões do estado do Pará, Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico exploratório utilizando o banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Foram incluídos os casos de hanseníase residentes no estado de Pará. Estudadas 57.537 notificações de caso, considerando as variáveis: sexo, raça/cor da pele, idade, escolaridade, município de residência, ano da detecção da doença, classificações por forma clínica e operacional. Resultados: As maiores proporções de detecção foram observadas nas Mesorregiões Sudoeste Paraense (63,76%), Baixo Amazonas (62,94%), Sudeste Paraense (60,65%) e Marajó (60,15%). O risco para a manutenção da transmissão da doença esteve presente nas Mesorregiões Sudeste Paraense (1.476,98/100.000hab.) e Sudoeste Paraense (1.218,42/100.000hab.). A forma clínica dimorfa predominou na notificação, seguida pela forma indeterminada. A distribuição geográfica evidenciou que 2/3 do Estado apresentou área hiperendêmica, com altas taxas, envolvendo as Mesorregiões Sudeste Paraense (97,58/100 mil hab.), Sudoeste Paraense (83,19/100 mil hab.) e Marajó (84,17/100 mil hab.). Conclusão: O estudo da hanseníase no estado do Pará aponta comportamento não homogêneo e condições desfavoráveis para o controle, identificando a necessidade urgente de estratégias para tornar eficazes as ações de controle da doença.
Acesso cirúrgico palatino para tracionamento ortodôntico de canino
Authors: Dos Anjos Lucas Menezes , Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , Santos Rafaela de Menezes dos Anjos , Rocha Maria de Nazaré Oliveira , Júnior Nailson Silva Meneses , Barros Mellany Cristie Ramos , Lima Thaine Oliveira , Silva Ingrid de Melo , Da Silva Denílson Oliveira Correia , De Oliveira Maraiza Alves
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever um caso de impactação de canino superior direito (unidade 13) em que foi realizado acesso cirúrgico para posterior tracionamento ortodôntico e restabelecimento da oclusão. Detalhamento de caso: Paciente 19 anos de idade, sexo feminino, em tratamento ortodôntico, foi encaminhada pelo ortodontista devido presença de espaço entre a unidade dentária 14 e unidade 12. Clinicamente notou-se ausência do elemento 13, e em radiografia periapical constatou-se impactação dentária. A tomografia evidenciou impactação com giroversão e trajetória do elemento 13 situada na região palatina, sem dilaceração radicular. Os caninos são elementos fundamentais para o equilíbrio funcional do sistema estomatognático, assim como para estética. Estas unidades dentárias representam a segunda maior frequência de impactação, ficando atrás somente dos terceiros molares inferiores. Após alinhamento dos dentes por meio de aparelho ortodôntico do tipo autoligante, foi sugerido realização de acesso cirúrgico para tracionamento e desimpactação da referida unidade. Considerações finais: A realização da cirúrgia para tracionamento das unidades impactadas é segura, funcional e com baixo custo. Dispor de exames imagiológicos, como tomografia computadorizada, é de extrema importância para o correto planejamento e melhor prognóstico.
KEARIFAN LOKAL SUKU BADUY DALAM PEMANFAATAN MADU SEBAGAI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU DI DESA KANEKES KECAMATAN LEUWIDAMAR KABUPATEN LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Syam Waridat Ilahiyat , M Iskandar A , Tavita Gusti Eva
Published: April 2021

Lots of local wisdom with local people. In other words, local wisdom can be implemented as ideas, values, local views that are wise, full of wisdom, good value, which are embedded and followed by members of the community. Therefore, local wisdom can be defined as noble values contained in local cultural assets, in the form of traditions, ideas, and life motto. The Baduy community in Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar Subdistrict, is one of the tribes in Indonesia which until now still maintains the values of local wisdom that they have and believe in, amidst the advancement of civilization around them. Research on the local wisdom of the Baduy Tribe in Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, Banten Province aims to see the local wisdom of the Baduy Tribe in utilizing forest resources by the Baduy tribe for the sustainable use of non-timber forest products in the form of forest honey. The types of data taken in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from the results of interviews with the community in the Baduy Tribe, Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Banten Province. Secondary data were complementary data obtained from references which included general conditions of the location, socio-cultural conditions, activities and others. The research was conducted using the snowball sampling method and also using a qualitative descriptive method fpr compiling the result of the research on local wisdom of the baduy tribe.Keyword: Baduy Tribal, Forest Honey, Local Wisdom
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DIURNAL DI HUTAN JAJAU KECAMATAN MENTEBAH KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Suhendra Try , Erianto Erianto , Ardian Hafiz
Published: April 2021

Mentabah sub-district is one of the territories in  Kapuas Hulu, the province of  West Borneo. The width is about  781,26 km²  with enormous potential for biodiversity. One of them is Jajau forest. The local people called it Jajau Forest that also known as Kerangas forest. The purpose of this research is to collect data about the diversity of Diurnal species in Jajau Forest in Mentabah sub-district, Kapuas Hulu, the province of West borneo. IPA ((Index Point Abundance) is used in this research that placed purposively. The result of this research shows that there are 111 birds species could be indetified with 938 birds include 39 families. This research showh that the variety of birds in this are is so high, it is 4.4221.Keywords: diversity of birds, Jajau Forest, Mentebah District
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS BAMBU YANG DIMANFAATKAN DI HUTAN TEMBAWANG DUSUN TEKALONG DESA SETIA JAYA KECAMATAN TERIAK KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Tika Katarina , Herawatiningsih Ratna , Sisillia Lolyta
Published: April 2021

Bamboo has been known by people for generations and has good properties to be used. The purpose of this study was to identificated types of bamboo that grow in Tembawang Forest of Tekalong and obtain data on the utilization of bamboo carried out by the people of Tekalong,  Setia Jaya Village, Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The method used in this study is a survey method. Data collection techniques, with observation and interviews using the help of a questionnaire. Sampling at the research location was done by purposive. The sampling technique for bamboo at the study site was using double plots measuring 5 mx 5 m.The amount of bamboo found in 4 areas of Tembawang Forest in Tekalong are 6 types of 3 different genera namely the genus Schizostachyum, Gigantochloa and Bambusa. The types of bamboo include: kayan (Schizostachyum flexuosum Widjaja), gare (Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz), tarenk (Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer ex Heyne), bangking (Gigantochloa balui K.M. Wong), betung (Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.), aur (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Wendl). Bamboo in Tekalong can be used as raw material for making handicrafts, traditional ceremonies, making lemang, consumed and other benefits.Keywords :Identification, Bamboo, Utilization, Tembawang Forest
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI SUB SEKTOR KEHUTANAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Arshaf Rezki Difan , Roslinda Emi , Sisillia Lolyta
Published: April 2021

The economic development indicators of a region observed in economic growth. This growth was seen in the value of production of goods and services of forestry products known as Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Forest management economically not separated from the government and private investment, forest areas, and labor. This research aims to analyze the factors affecting the economic growth of the forestry sector, regencies/cities, in West Kalimantan, in the years 2011 to 2016. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis, by data panel, in the years 2011 to 2016. Estimated results from 11 regencies/cities, the forestry labor has a positive and significant effect, the investment has a negative and significant effect, and the production forest areas has a positive and significant effect to GRDP growth of forestry sector.Keyword: Economic Growth, GRDP, Investment, Labor, Production Forest Areas.
ETNOZOOLOGI SUKU DAYAK KANTUK UNTUK PENGOBATAN DI DESA PALAPULAU KECAMATAN PUTUSSIBAU UTARA KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Authors: Dina Kresmonika Pina , Anwari M Sofwan , Riyono Joko Nugroho
Published: April 2021

The utilization of biological resour is done by humans to meet their daily needs, including as medicines, traditional ceremonies, mystical, regional arts, and hunting. Dayak Kantuk that located in Palapulau Village, Putussibau utara District, Kapuas Hulu Regency is a Dayak tribe that still runs the cultural values inherited from their ancestors by generation. One of the cultures that still run until now is the use of animals as medicine. The purpose of this research is to get data of animals species that used as medicine, body parts used, how to process and how to use them. The method used the survey method. The selection of respondents conducted by snowball sampling techniques and data collection used the questionnaire. This research was obtained by 13 respondents and acquired 20  animals species from 18 families used as a medicine by  Dayak Kantuk community. The body parts used for medecine are the whole body, flesh, bile, fats, blood, scales, and Geliga. The Processed there animal varies, which are dried, boiled, burned, and fried. Used the animal’s body parts which are drinkable, applied, eaten, and used as a dish.Keywords: Dayak Kantuk, Ethnozoology, Medicine, Local Wisdom
PENDAPATAN PETANI DARI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PURIK (Mitragyna sp) DI DESA NANGA MANDAY KECAMATAN BIKA KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Authors: Oktaviani Hilaria Dita , Muin Sudirman , Hardiansyah Gusti
Published: April 2021

Purik (Mitragyna sp), is one of the forestry plants that is currently cultivated and is the livelihood of the community, especially in Nanga Manday Village, Bika District, Kapuas Hulu Regency, when rubber prices dropped and fish catches were uncertain. The purpose of this study to answer how much the level of income, the value of the R / C ratio, Break Ivent Point (BEP) of production and prices as well as the factors that affect the level of community income. The methodology used is observation and structured interviews. Based on data analysis, the community income from Purik cultivation is Rp 10,658 / kg with an R / C ratio of 3.6 (>1) and the value of production BEP of 15.66 kg and the price BEP of Rp. 1,231 / kg. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis of income (profit) purik cultivation business as follows: Ŷ = 1.012 - 0.021X1 + 0.000X2 - 0.0004X3 + 0.006X4 - 1.090X5 - 1.107X6 - 0.011D with the results of the analysis determining the R Square number is .986 (98%).Keywords: income, Nanga Manday, purik cultivation
PEMANFAATAN HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU SEBAGAI KERAJINAN ANYAMAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA KUALA DUA KECAMATAN KEMBAYAN KABUPATEN SANGGAU
Authors: Sasmita Dayang Fatimah , Diba Farah , Setyawati Dina
Published: April 2021

The community at Kuala Dua village, Kembayan sub district, Sanggau Regency has used non timber forest product for handicraft. The research purposes were to identified the raw material of non-timber forest product which used by the community to produce handicraft. The methods used in depth interview with the community. The respondent was chosen by snowball sampling. Total number of respondents was 14 persons.  Result of the research showed that 4 non timber forest product used for handicraft.  The plant used were bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), nipah (Nypa fruticans), resam (Distranopteris linearis), and rotan lilin (Calamus javensis). The product was used for daily live and also sell to the market. Bambu tali was made into bakul and ketoro, nipah leaf was made into roof material, resam was made into ring and rotan lilin was made into basket, dish and  cupboard.Keywords: Calamus javensis, Distranopteris linearis, Gigantochloa apus, handicraft, Nypa fruticans
STOK KARBON DI ATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA HUTAN MANGROVE SUNGAI AWAN KIRI KABUPATEN KETAPANG
Authors: Kusmawati Kusmawati , Hardiansyah Gusti , Widhanarto Ganjar Oki
Published: April 2021

Mangrove forests, often referred to as mangrove forests, brackish forests or tidal forests, is a transitional ecosystem between land and sea which are tropical or sub-tropical areas along the sheltered coast and river mouth. Mangrove forest is a coastal plant community dominated by several species of mangrove trees that are able to grow and develop during the tides in accordance with their tolerance to salinity, duration of inundation, substrate and beach morphology. Awan Kiri Mangrove Forest has a total area of 114 hectares including the area of Other Management Areas (APL) then seen from the density of the Mangrove Forest only has 92 hectares. This study uses a non-destructive survey method. Vegetation carbon stock calculation is carried out using vegetation biomass calculation approach. Vegetation biomass calculation based on the calculation of allometric equations. Calculation the value of stored carbon using the formula according to (SNI 7724:2011) the value of parent carbon content,amounting to 0,47. Bassed on the research that has been done, it is found that there are 185 individuals, Rhizophora spp., Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizpphora apiculata, Xylocarpus gerantum and Excoecaria agallocha. The biomassa content can be known in the 3 pathways to store 242,16 tons biomassa and the total  biomassa content in 1210,8 tons/ha with an everage of 403,6 tons/ha. The carbon content is 569,06 tons/ha so that it gets an average total of 186,68 tons C/ha.Keywords: Carbon Stock, Ketapang Regency, Sungai Awan Kiri in Mangrove Forests.
Microwave-assisted Automated Glycan Assembly
Authors: Danglad Flores José , Leichnitz Sabrina , Sletten Eric T. , Joseph A. Abragam , Bienert Klaus , Le Mai Hoang Kim , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: April 2021

Automated synthesis of DNA, RNA, and peptides provides quickly and reliably important tools for biomedical research. Automated glycan assembly (AGA) is significantly more challenging as highly branched carbohydrates require strict regio- and stereocontrol during synthesis. A new AGA synthesizer enables rapid temperature adjustment from -40 °C to +100 °C to control glycosylations at low temperature and accelerates capping, protecting group removal, and glycan modifications by using elevated temperatures. Thereby, the temporary protecting group portfolio is extended from two to four orthogonal groups that give rise to oligosaccharides with up to four branches. In addition, sulfated glycans and unprotected glycans can be prepared. The new design reduces the typical coupling cycles from 100 min to 60 min while expanding the range of accessible glycans. The instrument drastically shorten and generalizes the synthesis of carbohydrates for use in biomedical and material science.
Constructing Narrowband Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Emission Maxima Beyond 560 nm Based on Frontier Molecular Orbital Engineering
Authors: Cai Xinliang , Xu Yincai , Wang Qingyang , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue
Published: April 2021

The development of purely organic materials with narrowband emission in long wavelength region beyond 560 nm still remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a modification approach of multiple resonance (MR) skeleton with electron donor based on frontier molecular orbital engineering (FMOE), resulting in significant red-shift emission of target molecules. Subsequently, the parent MR skeleton is functionalized by boron esterification reaction and changed into a universal building block, namely, the key intermediate BN-Bpin, for molecular structure optimizations. BN-Bpin has been employed to construct a series of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high color purity through one-step Suzuki coupling reaction. The target molecule perfectly integrates the inherent advantages of MR skeleton and spatial separation typical donor–acceptor (D–A) structure. The results demonstrate that the ingenious modulation of the acceptor is an effective approach to achieve bathochromic emission and narrowband emission simultaneously.
Enteropathy with impaired membrane digestion and the prospects for cytoprotective therapy
Authors: Parfenov A. I. , Akhmadullina O. V. , Belostotsky N. I. , Sabelnikova E. A. , Novikov A. A. , Bykova S. V. , Dbar S. R.
Published: April 2021

The article describes enteropathy with impaired membrane digestion (EIMD) as a new nosological form. The main clinical manifestation of EIMD is the poor tolerance of food products, in particular carbohydrates and a decrease in the activity of membrane enzymes, in particular, carbohydrates, in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The cause of the disease can be acute intestinal infections, viruses, drugs and other agents that damage the small intestine. The pathophysiology, clinical picture and diagnosis of EIMD are described. The basis of therapy is rebamipide, which has the ability to reduce the symptoms of carbohydrate intolerance and increase the activity of disaccharidases.
Assessment of individual risk of food interactions while taking warfarin
Authors: Skirdenko Yu. P. , Nikolaev N. A.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To develop a questionnaire to assess the individual risk of food interactions in a patient taking warfarin.
Materials and methods. Based on the review of 159 literature sources, a test version of the questionnaire was formed. 196 respondents took part in the pilot part of the study to assess the multiplicity and volume of food consumption. For the initial assessment of the risk limit of the diet, complications of warfarin therapy were registered no earlier than 24 weeks later.
Results. The final version of the questionnaire included 25 products that are most frequently consumed and significant in relation to the risk of alimentary interactions. The questionnaire contains 2 groups of products: increasing and decreasing the activity of warfarin. The volume and frequency of use of each product is evaluated in points that are calculated as the simple product of weights of frequency and volume, with a minimum value of 0 and maximum of 12. The number of points for each product is calculated separately. The points obtained are summed for a group of products that increase the activity of warfarin, and for a group of products that reduce it, and the overall risk score is calculated. The average number of points for the use of products that affect the activity of warfarin in patients with AF with complications of therapy was 75.7831.97 b. The calculation of the design validity of the questionnaire (Cronbachs a=0.864) showed a good level for confirmation purposes.
Conclusion. A specialized questionnaire was developed, implemented as a computer program, to assess the significance of food preferences in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of warfarin therapy. Further research is required to determine the risk limit of alimentary interactions of warfarin, but now this questionnaire can be used to monitor the uniformity of consumption of products that affect its activity. The authors suggested using a questionnaire for assessing the risk of food interactions as one of the factors influencing the decision to prescribe warfarin to patients with insufficient adherence to lifestyle modification.
Characterization and anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen citrate nanosuspension against MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Somasekhar Reddy  , Senthilkumar Sivanesan  , Chandrakumar Shanmugam  , Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan  , Mallika Jain
Published: April 2021

Nanotechnology is one of the important fields that developed strategies to solve the issue of Tamoxifen (TAM) toxicity, owing to the capacity of nano-enabled-formulations to deliver smaller concentrations of TAM to cancer cells, over a longer period of time. Many different TAM-containing-nano systems have been successfully fabricated to selectively deliver TAM to particular molecular targets on tumour membranes, decreasing unwanted toxic effects. The present study was carried out to synthesis the tamoxifen citrate nanosuspension and also to find its effectiveness against breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles were made using multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method and its characterizations were studied. The structure and morphological examination of tamoxifen citrate Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen citrate  L-SNEDDS against breast cancer MCF-7 cells was measured by cell viability assay. The cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen citrate L-SNEDDS enhanced significantly as the concentration of drug enhanced from 25 μM to 250 μM. The toxic action of tamoxifen citrate L-SNEDDS on cancer cells remarkably reduced cell viability from 100% to 20.3%, while nanosuspension devoid of the drug presented cell viability of 99.5%. A significant decrease in cell viability was found in tamoxifen citrate free drug from 100% to 30.9%. In conclusion, tamoxifen citrate Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems showed cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.
Validation of TLC-contact bioautography and TLC-densitometry methods for simultaneous limit test of streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate residues in fresh fish meat
Authors: Susanti  , Isnaeni  , Darmawati Asri
Published: April 2021

A simple, sensitive, and accurate TLC method was combined and validated for a simultaneous limit test of streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate residues in fresh fish meat. The optimum mobile phase was 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. TLC-contact bioautography used Staphylococcus aureus  ATCC 29737 as a test organism. For TLC-densitometry, analyte spots were detected using 1% w/v ninhydrin in ethanol and maximum absorbance at 400 nm. TLC-contact bioautography and TLC-densitometry methods were validated according to USP guidelines for the limit test with respect to selectivity and limit of detection (LOD) added with the accuracy of a recovery test of streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate in fresh fish samples was developed and validated.  The result of LOD from the TLC-contact bioautography method for streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate were obtained 0.7028 μg and 0.8032 μg, respectively. Meanwhile, LOD of the TLC-densitometry method for streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate were obtained 0.0631 μg and 0.0685 μg, respectively. In this study, TLC-contact bioautography method showed better results than TLC-densitometry. TLC-contact bioautography appears a good choice for the simultaneous limit test of streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate residues in fresh fish samples.
Groupoids associated to inverse semigroups
Authors: Jones Malcolm
Published: April 2021

Starting with an arbitrary inverse semigroup with zero, we study two well-known groupoid constructions, yielding groupoids of filters and groupoids of germs. The groupoids are endowed with topologies making them étale. We use the bisections of the étale groupoids to show there is a topological isomorphism between the groupoids. This demonstrates a widely useful equivalence between filters and germs. We use the isomorphism to characterise Exel’s tight groupoid of germs as a groupoid of filters, to find a nice basis for the topology on the groupoid of ultrafilters and to describe the ultrafilters in the inverse semigroup of an arbitrary self-similar group.
Mimicking Black Holes in General Relativity
Authors:   , Berry Thomas
Published: April 2021

The central theme of this thesis is the study and analysis of black hole mimickers. The concept of a black hole mimicker is introduced, and various mimicker spacetime models are examined within the framework of classical general relativity. The mimickers examined fall into the classes of regular black holes and traversable wormholes under spherical symmetry. The regular black holes examined can be further categorised as static spacetimes, however the traversable wormhole is allowed to have a dynamic (non-static) throat. Astrophysical observables are calculated for a recently proposed regular black hole model containing an exponential suppression of the Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass. This same regular black hole model is then used to construct a wormhole via the "cut-and-paste" technique. The resulting wormhole is then analysed within the Darmois-Israel thin-shell formalism, and a linearised stability analysis of the (dynamic) wormhole throat is undertaken. Yet another regular black hole model spacetime is proposed, extending a previous work which attempted to construct a regular black hole through a quantum "deformation" of the Schwarzschild spacetime. The resulting spacetime is again analysed within the framework of classical general relativity.

In addition to the study of black hole mimickers, I start with a brief overview of the theory of special relativity where a new and novel result is presented for the combination of relativistic velocities in general directions using quaternions. This is succeed by an introduction to concepts in differential geometry needed for the successive introduction to the theory of general relativity. A thorough discussion of the concept of spacetime singularities is then provided, before analysing the specific black hole mimickers discussed above.
Mimicking Black Holes in General Relativity
Authors: Berry Thomas
Published: April 2021

The central theme of this thesis is the study and analysis of black hole mimickers. The concept of a black hole mimicker is introduced, and various mimicker spacetime models are examined within the framework of classical general relativity. The mimickers examined fall into the classes of regular black holes and traversable wormholes under spherical symmetry. The regular black holes examined can be further categorised as static spacetimes, however the traversable wormhole is allowed to have a dynamic (non-static) throat. Astrophysical observables are calculated for a recently proposed regular black hole model containing an exponential suppression of the Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass. This same regular black hole model is then used to construct a wormhole via the "cut-and-paste" technique. The resulting wormhole is then analysed within the Darmois-Israel thin-shell formalism, and a linearised stability analysis of the (dynamic) wormhole throat is undertaken. Yet another regular black hole model spacetime is proposed, extending a previous work which attempted to construct a regular black hole through a quantum "deformation" of the Schwarzschild spacetime. The resulting spacetime is again analysed within the framework of classical general relativity.

In addition to the study of black hole mimickers, I start with a brief overview of the theory of special relativity where a new and novel result is presented for the combination of relativistic velocities in general directions using quaternions. This is succeed by an introduction to concepts in differential geometry needed for the successive introduction to the theory of general relativity. A thorough discussion of the concept of spacetime singularities is then provided, before analysing the specific black hole mimickers discussed above.
Ondas Eletromagnéticas e Visão: material complementar para o Ensino Médio sob a perspectiva do Currículo Mínimo do RJ
Authors: Freitas Priscila dos Santos Caetano de , Augé Pierre Schwartz
Published: April 2021

A presente pesquisa possui caráter qualitativo e tem como objetivo fazer apreensões sobre o ensino, diante de uma intervenção didática diferenciada por meio de material didático sobre Ondas Eletromagnéticas, aplicadas ao olho humano, na perspectiva do Currículo Mínimo-RJ, para a 3º série do Ensino Médio. Os modelos didáticos dos professores, assim como a história e filosofia da ciência e o uso de experimentações são apresentados como embasamento teórico da proposta didática. Perante a nova proposta curricular do Estado-RJ, destaca-se a dificuldade encontrada pelos professores de encontrar materiais e livros didáticos que tenham uma abordagem adequada ao currículo. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas as categorias de análise foram elencadas: interdisciplinaridade, contextualização, história da ciência e/ou o uso de experimentos, conteúdos de Física, estratégia didática e atitude. Essas temáticas são postas em relevo no que concerne ao potencial do material para o ensino dos assuntos de Física em evidência, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios.
Museu de Anatomia e ensino de Ciências e Biologia: revelações de professores da Educação Básica
Authors: Silva Camila Rocha Pergentino da , Campos Luciana Maria Lunardi , Matheus Selma Maria Michelin
Published: April 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar a percepção de professores do ensino básico em relação à visita de escolares a um Museu de Anatomia e sua contribuição para o ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências e Biologia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e entrevista e analisados a partir da proposta de análise de conteúdo. As repostas foram organizadas em três eixos. As atividades realizadas no museu, de modo geral, foram avaliadas positivamente pelos professores, com a indicação de aspectos que poderiam ser melhorados: número de estudantes por visitação; conteúdo da aula e acervo/materiais. Os professores indicaram a contribuição da visita para a formação dos alunos, explicitando a relação significante entre o Museu e a aprendizagem escolar. É necessário que espaços como o Museu de Anatomia sejam organizados e disponibilizados para a população brasileira, especialmente para os estudantes do ensino básico, contribuindo para a melhoria dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências e Biologia. A avaliação constante das atividades realizadas, com a coleta de informação junto aos professores e estudantes visitantes, é uma importante estratégia para o aperfeiçoamento das atividades desenvolvidas no Museu.
O uso de software para o ensino de Matemática no Ensino Médio: um mapeamento de produções brasileiras
Authors: Garcia Fernanda dos Santos , Müller Thaísa Jacintho , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento de pesquisas que foram realizadas no período de 2014 a 2019 sobre o modo como softwares vêm sendo utilizados no ensino de Matemática no Brasil. O objetivo é identificar quais os softwares que estão sendo utilizados e como eles vêm contribuindo para o ensino de Matemática, em particular, no Ensino Médio. A metodologia escolhida foi o mapeamento teórico, na perspectiva de Biembengut. Para tanto, foram utilizados como ferramenta de busca, os repositórios Google Acadêmico, Periódico CAPES e SciELO, delimitando as palavras-chave: “Software”; “Matemática”; “Ensino Médio”. A partir desse mapeamento, foram selecionados dez artigos que mais convergiam ao objetivo deste estudo para compor o corpus de análise. Após síntese e análise de cada artigo, foi verificado que o software mais utilizado tem sido o O uso de software para o ensino de Matemática no Ensino Médio: um mapeamento de produções brasileiras Geogebra, com o intuito de revisar e contextualizar o conteúdo que está sendo desenvolvido. Além disso, a maioria dos autores aponta que a utilização de softwares torna as aulas mais enriquecedoras e atrativas para os estudantes.
A base orientadora da ação para ler criticamente textos com conteúdo químico: um diagnóstico com futuros professores de Química
Authors: Façanha Alessandro Augusto Barros , Nuñez Isauro Beltrán
Published: April 2021

Este estudo apresenta resultados de uma investigação cujo objetivo foi caracterizar a base orientadora de licenciandos de Química para a ação de ler criticamente textos com conteúdo químico. A orientação da ação na aprendizagem assume relevância na perspectiva da Teoria da Formação Planejada das Ações Mentais e dos Conceitos, de P. Ya. Galperin, pois se constitui como parte estrutural para a formação de habilidades e ações mentais necessárias à aprendizagem da Química.  Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma prova pedagógica, com o intuito de caracterizar a base orientadora em comparação com uma orientação de referência para a ação de ler criticamente textos com conteúdo químico. Os resultados demonstram uma diversidade de orientações e divergências estruturais em relação ao modelo de referência que possibilita uma compreensão sobre o conhecimento dos futuros professores a respeito da ação de ler criticamente textos de conteúdo químico e dos aspectos relacionados à aprendizagem química a partir da leitura.
Mesin Pencacah Batang Buah Naga sebagai Alat Pembuat Pupuk Organik di Dusun Wadungdolah Desa Kaligondo Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Putra Adetiya Prananda , Fiveriati Anggra
Published: April 2021

Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan kabupaten yang terletak di ujung paling timur pulau Jawa, perkembangan ekonomi khususnya sektor pertanian dan pariwisata di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dari pada sektor lainnya, kabupaten ini dikenal sebagai sentra penghasil buah naga di Jawa Timur. Setelah proses panen tanaman buah naga akan dipangkas untuk mengurangi kebutuhan hara dan merangsang tumbuhnya bunga baru. Batang buah naga yang dipangkas seringkali hanya dibuang karena dianggap limbah. Petani di Dusun Wadungdolah Desa Kaligondo telah memanfaatkan limbah batang buah naga sebagai pupuk organic. Batang buah naga harus dicacah terlebih dahulu untuk mempercepat proses pembusukan. Selama ini petani mencacah batang dengan cara manual sehingga membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang banyak. Pembuatan mesin pencacah batang buah naga diharapkan dapat mengefisienkan waktu pencacahan dan dapat merangsang petani-petani untuk semakin giat menggunakan pupuk organik demi terwujudnya green farming yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.
Peran Pengabdian Masyarakat melalui Penguatan Keluarga, Kelembagaan Sosial dan Desa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Budyastomo Avin Wimar , Hasan Saipullah
Published: April 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan kegiatan yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh dosen untuk melaksanakan tri dharma perguruan tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan suatu kegiatan yang sangat berbeda dengan kegiatan sebelumnya, yakni ditengah pandemik Covid – 19 yang menuntut semua harus menggunakan metode daring. Namun itu tidak menghambat adanya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Selanjutnya, tantangan utama dalam kegiatan ini adalah peraturan dari pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan semua kegiatan secara daring. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan saat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat dan remaja di Desa Sidomukti Kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah dibidang keagamaan, kesehatan, ekonomi, social budaya dan pariwisata. Tujuan utama adalah sebagai kegiatan pengembangan masyarakat sesuai arahan pembangunan manusia (Human Development), mencapai target dan sasaran millenium development goals (MDGS), kompetensi, potensi, sumber daya, dan kemampuan lingkungan dalam wadah kerjasama masyarakat, pemerintah, swasta, dan lembaga lainnya. Hasil yang didapat dalam kegiatan ini adalah terciptanya masyarakat yang mandiri yang dapat menggunakan aset disekitarnya untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat.
Myoclonus
Authors: Rimšienė R. , Andruškevičius S. , Mameniškienė R.
Published: April 2021

Myoclonus is a sudden, short, involuntary single or recurrent twitching of a muscle. Myoclonus is classified according to the etiology and physiological mechanism of development. They can be physiological and pathological, inherited or acquired due to various structural brain damage or systemic diseases. The article presents etiologies and classification of myoclonus. The most common diseases, syndromes, and structural changes of the brain that can cause myoclonus are reviewed. Myoclonus examination and treatment aspects are also discussed in the article.