bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brief communication: Evaluation of multiple density-dependent empirical snow conductivity relationships in East Antarctica
Authors: Ding Minghu , Zhang Tong , Yang Diyi , Allison Ian , Dou Tingfeng , Xiao Cunde
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Nine density-dependent empirical thermal conductivity
relationships for firn were compared against data from three automatic
weather stations at climatically different sites in East Antarctica (Dome A,
Eagle, and LGB69). The empirical relationships were validated using a
vertical, 1D thermal diffusion model and a phase-change-based
firn diffusivity estimation method. The best relationships for the abovementioned sites were identified by comparing the modeled and observed firn
temperature at a depth of 1 and 3 m, and from the mean heat
conductivities over two depth intervals (1–3 and 3–10 m). Among the nine
relationships, that proposed by Calonne et al. (2011) appeared to show the
best performance. The density- and temperature-dependent relationship given
in Calonne et al. (2019) does not show clear superiority over other
density-dependent relationships. This study provides a useful reference for
firn thermal conductivity parameterizations in land modeling or snow–air
interaction studies on the Antarctica ice sheet.
The role of computer-aided design and Manufacturing technology in improving product quality and rationalizing costs : Applied research in the State Company for Textile and Leather Industries / Leather Factory
Authors: Jali Zahraa Falah , Al-Ghabban Faizah Ibrahim Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

The research aims to identify and apply computer-aided design and Manufacturing technology and its impact on improving product quality and rationalizing costs. The research also aims to spread awareness among departments and workers of the company in question about the importance of computer-aided design and Manufacturing technology and urging them to shift design from manual to computer-aided design. Here, the importance of research emerged because of the flexibility that computer-aided design and Manufacturing technology provideded in formulating, designing and producing the product, and here a problem arose. Researching the necessity of shifting design and production to automated technologies to improve product quality and rationalize cost and time by reducing the number of workers, increasing their efficiency and effectively utilizing information.
Spiritual well-being and its effect on individual work performance An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of employees working at Tikrit University /College of Business and Economics
Authors: Hammadi RAO Ahmed Ibrahim , Kurdi Tariq Aziz , Muhammad Thaer Jassim
Published: September 2021

This research seeks to identify the spiritual well-being and its impact on the performance of individual work in the College of Business and Economics / Tikrit University, and to present a number of findings and recommendations that contribute to providing spiritual well-being in the College of Business and Economics and to stand on the level of individual work performance among its employees, and the researcher adopted the approach Analytical descriptive as well as the use of the statistical program (SPSS), where this research was applied to a random sample of (250) employees, and to achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was developed using previous studies in order to measure the study variables, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: Spiritual well-being plays a role Important in the success of the individual work performance of the employees working in the college in addition to the availability of spiritual well-being in an average manner in the intended research sample, as well as the need to adopt some spiritual welfare factors to raise the individual work performance of the employees in the study sample, and the research recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of involving workers to raise spiritual well-being By promoting the principle of sharing goals for the benefit of the year, and the need for the overall higher management to commit to change, concern for the human resource The person with high spirits in order to educate the staff and the rest of the administrative levels of the faculty researched for this task.
The Effect of Storytelling Assisted by Pop-Up Media to Improve Language Development Skills and Attitude of Opinion
Authors: Kustiawan Usep , Yafie Evania
Published: September 2021

This study aims to find out the effect of storytelling assisted by pop-up media to improve language skills and attitude of opinion in children aged 5-6 years. This study uses a quantitative pre-experimental research design with one group pre-test-post-test design without a control class. This research is conducted in TK Laboratorium UM, Malang City; with the population of the students of Class B. The data analysis used in this study includes normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. According to research and data analysis that has been carried out and the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between storytelling assisted by pop-up media to improve language skills and the attitude of opinion in early childhood.

Keywords: storytelling, pop-up media, language development skills, attitude of opinion.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM Pada ABA Collection Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Menggunakan Metode Regresi Linear Berganda
Authors: Nadiah Ratnaduhita  , Rio Armando  , Salsabila Qatrunnada  , Tanang Satriyo Adi  , Tanfirul Roibafi  , Wan Azizah Sri Nuraini  , Ully Asfari
Published: September 2021

ABA Collection merupakan bisnis konveksi yang memproduksi berbagai macam pakaian dan memiliki beberapa pegawai yang terbagi menjadi beberapa divisi. Tidak ada persyaratan atau ketentuan khusus dalam penerimaan pegawai, dan setiap pegawai mendapatkan pelatihan serta pembinaan agar memiliki keterampilan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pegawai terhadap pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan terbukti meningkatkan keterampilan pegawai sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pembinaan tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas kerja pegawai, namun juga diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat dalam meningkatkan semangat kerja pegawai.
Performing Darna: The Role of Entertainment Press in Spectacularizing Darna Actresses
Authors: Brillon Cherish Aileen
Published: September 2021

This paper looks at the actresses who portrayed Darna and how they are presented as spectacles in the entertainment articles that promote the film and television adaptations. This frame of inquiry comes from the notion that the visual aesthetics of Darna in komiks is largely informed by the superhero genre’s dependence on spectacle as shown in the superhero’s feats of greatness and in her actions and movements which are all larger than life and extraordinary. If this is the case for Darna in print, then how about the actresses tasked with performing her in the movies and television series? How are their bodies being turned into a spectacle in promotional materials in order to conform to the needs of the capital (entertainment industry)? In using the spectacle of the body as framework, the paper also draws on the star system and the role of producers of text in the creation of Darna as we know her today. The aim is to reveal how female bodies were made part of the construction of Darna’s image outside of its fictional universe which results in a discourse that highlights the body of the celebrities rather than Darna’s continuing relevance as a Filipino icon. This sets aside her representational power to embody the struggle and demand of Filipinos for justice and a better life as audience’s attention is diverted towards how these actresses prepared their bodies to perform Darna.
Dapat, kita: Representations of the Schema of Heteronormativity and the Visibility of Abuse in Domestic Violence
Authors: Liwag-Lomibao Ma. Aurora
Published: September 2021

Barangay Violence Against Women (VAW) Desk officers are the frontliners in the provision of services to a victim/survivor of domestic violence. They are the first persons that a woman encounters, and they determine whether her truth claim identifies her as domestic violence case, thereby enabling her to access State-provided services and interventions. Thus, it is important to inquire into the Desk officers’ worldviews and beliefs, also called schemas, and how these influence the ways they communicate and interact with the victim/survivors they encounter daily in their work. Guided by gender schema theory, this study examines the drawings of the VAW Desk officers—and the ecology of images that accompany these drawings—to delve into their cognitive constructions of the gendered nature of domestic violence. Two dominant schemas emerge from this examination: the schema of heteronormativity (dapat), and the schema of the necessary visibility of domestic violence (kita). These schemas govern the Desk officers’ everyday judgments and decision making, and inform the ways they communicate with domestic violence victim/survivors.
A SHORT HISTORY OF MALAYSIA - PART 1
Authors: CHING Ng Swee
Published: September 2021

Malaysia and Brazil has many similarities. In the 1500s the Portuguese was a mighty sea power and she went conquering faraway places. So both Brazil and Malaya were under the control of the Portuguese. Brazil is a much larger country and also nearer by sea to Portugal. So when other nations challenged the Portuguese they decided to focus on South America and so in 1640 the Dutch took over Malaya and Indonesia. By the 1700s the British began to move look towards the East for spices. They went to India and then came to Malaya. The Dutch decided to control Indonesia and so in 1780 the British took control of Malaya.
THE DISCOVERY OF A VITAL GAS
Authors: CHEMELLO Emiliano
Published: September 2021

The following paragraph also begins, like the first, with another intriguing question. Who discovered Oxygen? Who is worthy of all our respect and admiration for having discovered the gas that, at the same time, is responsible for the flame of a candle and for our breathing? I go further in my questions and I dare to ask the reader. To be a discoverer is it necessary to really understand what is discovered?
THE CONCEPTUAL PROFILE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Authors: JÚNIOR Iterlandes Machado , ASSIS Rafael Boussada , VASCONCELOS Jomar Oliveira , SOUSA José Carlos Leandro de , SANTOS Vitor Hugo Rodrigues dos , CUEVAS German Enrique Cares
Published: September 2021

Considering the difficulties observed in high school of the public net in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, for the analysis the students' conceptual evolution about chemical reactions, it was researched that your ideas can be transformed in the process of teaching and learning. It can verify the amount that academic intervention is able to contribute to the improvement of the process of teaching and learning. This confirms the hypothesis that the structure of analysis and planning benefits the negotiation of the ideas about chemical reactions, at last all have space to speak.
THE FUTURE OF ENERGY FROM A BIOLOGICAL ENGINEER’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: BUCK Justin , VON MUHLEN Marcio
Published: September 2021

The challenge of supplying the world with cheap, abundant and reliable energy will no doubt mark the history of the 21st century. Momentarily sidelined by 10 dollar barrels of crude oil in the 1990’s, the recent run-up in oil prices coupled with the increasingly appreciated oncoming crisis of global warming demands serious consideration for alternative and still highly speculative energy solutions. We believe that maturing technologies in genetics and molecular biology are opening the door for highly efficient biologically inspired energy sources. Humans have in a way exploited biological fuels for all of recorded history, burning organic materials from renewable (biomass) to limited (fossil fuels) whose primary origin could be traced to solar energy. At present we are in large part dependent on these biological mechanisms that transform solar energy to more useful forms, supplanted in part by modern energy converters such as solar panels, hydroelectric plants and a few solar-independent sources such as nuclear fission.
NATURAL DYES AGAINST GLOBAL TRENDS
Authors: POLONI Rafael , LUCA Martha de
Published: September 2021

The appearance of new natural trends due to discovery of many curses caused by natural colorants the short one and in the long run has promoted the substitution, despite slow, of the artificial colorants in the market for the natural ones. However there are many impediments in this substitution since the natural colorants most of the time are unstable to the light, to the heat, to pH, having necessity of deepened studies to become them steady.
A REVIEW ON SYNTHETIC AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ROUTES FOR VANILLIN PRODUCTION
Authors: PACHECO Sabrina Moro Villela , JUNIOR Agenor Furigo , MORGADO Ayres Ferreira
Published: September 2021

The vanillin (vanilla aroma) it is one of the aromatic compositions more used in the pharmaceutical industries and of foods. The natural vanillin can be gotten of a orchid, the Vanilla planifolia. However, the extraction process is slow and of high cost. Of this form, routes for the attainment of synthetic vanillin had passed to be adopted, using substrata as eugenol and the black liquor (I reject produced by the industries of paper and cellulose). However, had to the great volume of rejects produced through the cited routes, from the decade of 70, was transferred to produce it vanillin using itself catechol and guaiacol, deriving of the petrochemical industry. The originary substratum use of sources you did not renew and the increase of the consumption of natural products had in recent years stimulated the study of new routes for the production of vanillin through biotechnological processes. When the vanillin is produced through these processes, is considered as a natural product being this important factor, therefore, raises its cost and its search in the market. Considering this, the objective of this revision it was to approach the diverse synthetic routes and biotechnological routes, that come being intensely investigated, and that they use microorganisms and deriving enzymes of the same ones.
OPTIMIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS MINIMIZATION OF EFFLUENT GENERATION AND WATER CAPTURE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Authors: SOUZA Daniel Maia de , RIZZO Haroldo dos Santos , TÔRRES Elaine Ferreira , TÔRRES Alexandre Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

The main issue of this work is water reuse. The methodology was tested with the aim of reduce simultaneously the water demand and the generated effluent. This work intends supply a tool to the sustainable development related to the water use management. MathCAD® and EXCEL® were used like computational resource to necessary mathematical calculations. The supplement SOLVER® of the EXCEL® was able to find the optimal configuration to the tested system and scenario, such as a linear programming problem. A simple algorithm used to find the pinch point of the system was programmed in MathCAD®. Moreover, the worksheet supplies the distribution of reused water along the system, too. The results of three cases were showed: two based on cited articles and one proposed by the authors. The used approach was successful in all studied cases.
INTERVIEW WITH DR. BILL JORGE COSTA
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , GOLDANI Eduardo
Published: September 2021

In 2007, Grupo Tchê Química had the opportunity to interview one of the most illustrious, charismatic and relevant personalities in the Brazilian biofuels scene, Dr. Bill Jorge Costa. Graduated in Technological Chemistry by UFPR, Master in Science and Materials Engineering by UFSCar and Doctor in Science and Materials Engineering by USP, Dr Costa is Technical Director of TECPAR (Paraná Technology Institute).
THE HISTORY OF SEVEN WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: NUNES Albino Oliveira , SANTOS Anne Gabriella Dias , SOUZA Francisco das Chagas Silva , OLIVEIRA Valéria Regina Carvalho de
Published: September 2021

This work talks about female participation in the Chemistry development. Accosting the role that women contributed on this science history, and limitation to her bigger involvement. To this, historic icons like Almira Lincoln Phelp (writer) and Marie Curie (physicist) are studied, once they are representative of the assumed function of the women during many centuries of Chemistry's known building. Starting of her contributions, a profile can be plotted. Falling the qualification that in the Antiquity, the female action can be practice in a prevailing area, a status only recapture in the XX century.
REMOVAL OF CONGO RED FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ZEOLITES FROM COAL ASHES: KINETIC STUDY AND EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERMS ANALYSES
Authors: FUNGARO Denise Alves , REVA Jenna , IZIDORO Juliana de Carvalho
Published: September 2021

The adsorption of aqueous solution was carried out using zeolites synthesized from fly ashes as low-cost adsorbents. The fly ashes samples were converted to zeolites ZM and ZC by hydrothermal treatment using different synthesis parameters. The materials were characterized by physical-chemical analysis and XFR and XDR studies. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied. It was found that the sufficient time to attain equilibrium was 1200 min for both adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms can be fitted by Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 7.86 and 16.6 mg/g for ZC and ZM, respectively. Removal efficiencies between 80 and 85% were attained.
THE SUBJECT OF THE DRUGS A FOCUS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SENSES OF THE CHEMISTRY IN THE POPULAR KNOWLEDGE
Authors: MACHADO JÚNIOR Iterlandes , BENJAMIN Wilson de Souza
Published: September 2021

Considering the difficulties observed in high school of the public system in Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, for the analysis the students' conceptual evolution about chemistry of the drugs, it was researched that your ideas can be transformed in the process of teaching and learning. It can verify the amount that academic intervention is able to contribute to the improvement of the process of teaching and learning. This confirms the hypothesis that the structure of analysis and planning benefits the negotiation of the ideas about drugs, at last all have space to speak.
APPLICATION OF THE BISMUTH FILM ELECTRODE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM IN VITAMINIC COMPLEX BY SQUARE WAVE VOLTAMMETRY
Authors: BIANCHIN Joyce Nunes , SANTOS Marcel Silveira dos , SPINELLI Almir
Published: September 2021

This work was developed an analytical methodology for determination of selenium in samples of vitaminic complex using the square wave voltammetry (SWV). The analysis were performed with a copper electrode modified with bismuth film deposited by applying a potential of -400 mV for 60 seconds in a solution containing HCl 0.2 mol L-1, 20 g L-1 and 500 µg L-1 of Bi(III). The variables: time and conditioning potential were optimized by SWV for the formation of the bismuth film, after that, the variables that affect the analytical sensitivity for the reduction of Se (IV): frequency, increment and high of pulse were also optimized. The linearity of the method ranged from 90 – 1180 µg L-1. Limit of detection of 26,4 µg L-1, quantification limit of 87,9 µg L-1. Analytical frequency of 30 samples/hour. The method showed excellent precision, calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) (n = 5) using spiked solution of 150 µg L-1. The concentration of selenium found in the sample of the vitaminic complex was 24 µg/tablet. A study of recovery was performed resulting in 92%.
CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN COMMERCIAL GASOLINE
Authors: DA SILVA Jacqueline Pereira Figueiredo Ferreira , MARQUES Mônica Regina da Costa
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to present the chemical composition of samples of type C gasoline sold in gas stations in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The composition of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) were determined by infrared absorption. The results were compared with the specification limits given by the Petroleum, natural gas and biofuel Natioonal Agency, (ANP, No. 309), which specifies a maximum of 1% by volume for benzene, the levels of toluene and xylene are not specified by this agent regulator. The results showed that gasoline sold in some gas stations had benzene levels above the specified limit. In the total levels of toluene, xylene and benzene for samples of gasoline station without a flag were respectively: 2.1 Vol%, 3.4% Vol and 1.0 Vol%. As for the samples of petrol stations with the flag, the average was 2.4% Vol for toluene, 4.0% Vol for xylene and 1.1 Vol% for benzene, indicating a level of action by ANP mainly by the toxic action of benzene.
PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS AS GENERATIVE SUBJECT OF CHEMICAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: SANTOS Ana Flávia dos , ARAÚJO Sandra Cristina Marquez
Published: September 2021

The process of Chemistry teach-learning is being object of concern to educators of the area since a long time. This concern has stimulated a search for improvements in the quality of education, what it evidences the number of projects that aim expressive changes in the pedagogical practices. In this direction, the approach of chemical contents with the subject “Phosphate Fertilizers” had as objective show for the students the other side of Chemistry, with intention to promote a differentiated education, arousing in the student the curiosity and motivation. The development of the project was through of a mini course, with six meeting of 4 hours each one, where has been presented to the students expositive and experimental classes, through the use of differentiated pedagogical techniques, how talks, visits techniques, pedagogical games among others. During the meetings, was possible to realize that the students feel more motivated and enthusiastic when the teacher promotes differentiated activities, these feelings are essentials for a significant learning. So, it was possible to conclude that the use of the subject created in the students an ampler vision of Chemistry that involves the soil and other important points that allowed the growth of the students as citizen.
DRINKING WATER: AN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL APPROACH TO SECONDARY SCHOOL’S STUDENTS
Authors: PIRES Ana Cristina Alves , FIELDS Karla Amâncio Pinto
Published: September 2021

This article aims to approach the thematic: “Drinking Water" in teaching of chemistry, allowing the students to elaborate a concept of science as a human and social activity, relating the main aspects of the consumption of drinking water with technological and scientific development through science, technology, society and environment (STSE) focus. Using the thematic boarding, linking social and environmental aspects with the contents worked in the classroom, allows the development of values and attitudes essential to the theme's involvement in students’ everyday life. So, this work deals with the account of the first meeting of a mini-course which took place at a secondary public school in Itumbiara city - Goiás. This stage was achieved through a participating methodology and action research. The discussions about the contents worked, and experimentation with the use of the Internet, provided a significant understanding along with the development and interaction amongst students and the teacher.
TECHNICAL REPORT 1: ANALYZING THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , GOLDANI Eduardo
Published: September 2021

The gradual growth in the productive chain of Biodiesel in Brazil requires professionals enabled to its expansion and improvements. This fact is related to frequent and expaning demands of the biofuels to attend the percentages of mixture of diesel oil which will grow in the next years. In this way, this work summarize comments of the Tchê Química Group researchers, done in recent years, regarding the commercialized synthetic fuels fluid production like biodiesel. This work is focused on frequent questions asked by customers and colleagues of the academic environment regarding different systems of production that use a bigger number of tanks to produce the fuel or a reduced number of tanks to do the same task. In order to a better approach of such subject, the analysis were splited in two types of plant: one called specialists and another called generalists. Each one brings several positive and negative aspects that we hope to be of great value for taking of decisions.
PLUME DISPERSION STUDY IN A INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: VIDAL César Marcelo Cajazeira , CORRÊA Sérgio Machado
Published: September 2021

The plume dispersion modeling is used to estimate the pollutants distribution in the vicinities of a chimney. It is based on a Gaussian model where input data are the emissions rate, physical data from the stack, meteorological data, and topographical characteristics. As this technique is new in Brazil, this work proposes to describe the methodology and its steps, indicating the most relevant parameters, the possible simplifications, and necessary details. The case study was done at the site of Brazilian Nuclear Industries and the results indicated that the edifications are the most relevant parameter, followed by the topographical characteristics. A comparison was also done between the two commercial softwares available, the ISCST3 and SCREEN. The results indicated that the SCREEN software can be used as an initial evaluation tool, whenever all input data necessary to process ISCST3 are not available.
THE IMPACT OF PHTHALATE ESTERS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH – ARE THESE COMPOUNDS, A NECESSARY EVIL?
Authors: DOS SANTOS Marcel Silveira
Published: September 2021

Phthalates are a group of diesters of phthalic acid (dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and they are primarily used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility). As the phthalates are not chemically bonded to the polymer, these compounds can migrate from the plastic material to the environment and, consequently, they are found in food, water, soil, air and in the human body. This article discusses the problem of using those compounds, their toxicity and impact on humans and environment. Comments about the four phthalates currently most discussed, measured values and current legislations are presented.
REACTIVE AZO DYE ADSORPTION USING ZEOLITIC MATERIAL: CONTACT TIME, pH, TEMPERATURE AND EFFECT OF SALTS
Authors: MAGDALENA Carina Pitwak , FUNGARO Denise Alves , CUNICO Patricia
Published: September 2021

Textile effluents, when not correctly treated, cause a high impact to the environment. The synthetic dyes are used in the fibber dying process, but part of them is discarded to receiving water body. The adsorption is a technique that has been used successfully for an effective removal of color. In this work, the adsorption of reactive dye Remazol Red RB from aqueous solution using zeolite of coal ash as low cost adsorbent was studied. The zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with NaOH solution. The effect of experimental parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature and adding salt was investigated. The kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficients > 0.99. The equilibrium was reached after 360 min of contact time. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of zeolite of coal ash for Remazol Vermelho RB was 1.20 mg g-1 with adsorption efficiency between 75 and 91%. The dye adsorption was more efficient in the presence of salts.
К вопросу о научной экспликации географического пространства
Authors: Сухоруков Вячеслав Дмитриевич , Гладкий Юрий Никифорович
Published: September 2021

Понятие о географическом пространстве является основополагающим для всех направлений географического познания. Однако этот термин обсуждается и встречается в научных публикациях редко, а его толкование еще не обрело окончательной целостности. Авторы анализируют теоретические взгляды на пространство как общенаучную категорию и географическую дефиницию с целью закрепить понимание географического пространства в качестве концептуального конструкта и предмета географической науки. Ведущим исследовательским методом используется качественное описания рассматриваемого понятия и всестороннее осмысление своеобразия географического пространства. Представления о географическом пространстве изложены с учетом его многомерных функциональных признаков. Выделено основное содержание географического пространства, отражающее слитность всех земных сфер, находящихся во взаимодействии. Показаны структурные уровни географического пространства. Подчеркнуто, что актуальной задачей географической науки является необходимость единения знаний о человеке, природе и обществе в условиях пространственного взаимодействия. Это означает, что комплексное понимание географического пространства усиливает интерес к методологической области географической науки и укрепляет ее теоретические основы. Авторы также считают, что любая самостоятельная тема исследования в географии имеет неизбежное соприкосновение с теорией географического пространства.
Water Purification: An Analytical Appraisal of the Viewpoints of Islamic Jurists
Authors: Ditta Allah , Amjad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Water is the precious blessing of Allah Almighty which is found everywhere in the world. Hence, its usefulness is neglected, and it is wasted unreasonably. Due to its excessive use and human activities, the water sources are becoming polluted too. The rivers, streams and watercourses are too polluted for human use. This situation created water scarcity in the world. Pakistan is also facing acute water deficiency and it will soon become a water stress country from water scarcity state. It demands appropriate measures to treat water as a precious wealth and to use it carefully so that coming generations will not have to face the music. One of those measures is to clean the wastewater so that water scarcity could be eliminated. This paper examines the wastewater treatment in Islamic perspective. In this research, the viewpoints of four Imams regarding water purification have been elaborated and suggestion have been enlightened in brief.
Significance of Women Education in the Process of Social Evolution
Authors: Ali Fatima
Published: September 2021

Women education is enduring many blistering issues including the gender inequality, religious factors, conservative approach and patriarchy in Pakistan. It is understandable that education is external and always imposes from the outer world. The main concern of this research paper is that through the improvement of women’s education, one can command over the hurdles of society and eliminate the social evils in Pakistan. Females direct involves in the process of socialization of children, they are playing a vital role in this regard of promoting peace in society. As well as the ignorance of ratio of women over men leads towards the deprivation and crisis of system when majority of population is not given education facility equally how we can develop socio-economically. To regulate the social behaviors, the promotion of women’s education is essential to be improved. Improving women’s educational level has always been exhibited clearly the impacts not only economical but also health of the future of youth, which obviously influences the entire community. Another advantage of promotion of female education is they can assist the males economically because the education also provides the earning opportunities to the people if females will be educated they will have access over job opportunities. This is co-relational study between two major variables civilization and women education while using deductive research approach. Obvious fact is that all civilized and developed countries bestowed the importance of women’s education.
The Architecture plan of Qutb Complex (Delhi) and its Decoration Analysis
Authors: Khan Sonia Nasir , Bilal Muhammad Ahsan
Published: September 2021

The Qutb complex in Delhi contains the array of early Sultanate Period Muslim monuments that demonstrate the earliest artwork development stage of Muslim monuments from 12 to 13th century especially the architecture style and the stone carving patterns that exists in the monuments of this complex like in masjid Quwat-ul Islam (1191 A.D), Qutab Minar (1202 A.D), Illttutmish Tomb (1235 A.D), Alai Darwaza (1311 A.D). These splendid monuments have a new architectural style in India. Their beautiful carvings in red sandstone and marble that includes the patterns of arabesque style along with Kufic and Naskh calligraphy, the delicate floral and geometric patterns along with some Hindu motifs that depicts the earliest amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic architecture within the subcontinent. This paper not only aim to explore the architectural plan of this Qutb complex under different monarchs but also the decoration of this Qutb complex, its analysis and the aesthetic changes of design after the amalgamation of two different cultures. This complex is famous not only for its architecture but also for varieties of decorative arts. This paper also attempts to discover not only aesthetics but also the traditional and regional logic for using these motifs. This explorative study is from available historical data and literature. In the end concludes that the amalgamated motifs of decoration was excellent experiment and first addition in the design vocabulary of Indo-Muslim art and architecture. These designs provide serenity and majestic feelings to these monuments and in whole to Qutb complex.
Contextual interpretation of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s Concept of Islam
Authors: Salim Hajra , Khan Abdul Rashid
Published: September 2021

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most controversial, misinterpreted and misunderstood personality in the South Asian history of Freedom Movement. Not only Indian and British historians but also Pakistanis historians are confused about his sect and beliefs. Jinnah’s figure was buried under the layers of propaganda. This is the most contentious discussed issue in Pakistan among the different scholars. Both right and left wing intellectuals sought legitimacy of their views with the vision of Jinnah, either the Jinnah was secular or Islamist. The object of the purposed research paper is to analyze and understand the Religious Concept of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and also explore his concept of Islam to resolve the problematic condition of the nature of Pakistani state. Contextual interpretation of Struggle Movement has great importance for analyzing the character and active participation of our great leader and also necessary for removing the misunderstandings about his personality. Different historians, intellectuals, scholars and thinkers are doing their best to prove him a secular or Islamist leader according to their own point of view and perception with the references of his speeches, statements, different events of his life and from his works. His personality was interpreted by the historians from different angles and aspects to clear the questions that were raised in their minds about his secularism.
The Architecture and Decoration Varieties of Khirbat al Mafjar
Authors: Khan Sonia Nasir , Ashraf Iqra
Published: September 2021

The 8th century desert palace Khirbat al Mafjar remains (in present day Jordan) is a matchless specimen of Umayyad luxurious lifestyle and their perception for art. The palace is amalgamation of variety of decoration type like carved and moulded stucco, stone relief and birds and figure sculpture and also frescos paintings.  It is famous for its well-preserved floor mosaics.  Although credited to caliph Hisham (r. AD 724– 743) but his successor and also his nephew named as  Al Walid   II probably built this palace (r. AD 743– 44) . However after five years Al-Walid’s died and, the palace was smashed due to an earthquake. This article discusses the building designed structure and the ornamentation and decoration varieties used in the architecture. Though this palace is famous for its mosaics but this paper covers its main parts of architecture and all types of varieties. It’s an explorative study collected from historical data, literature and excavation reports and in the end it concludes that this palace is unique not only for its varieties but also the symbolic meanings of elements in the decoration. These symbols have some logic or reason of representing in the palace that explains the power and authority of the owner. In other words not just depiction of luxurious lifestyle but the aesthetics and symbolic both designs are the parts of this Umayyad era building.
Mentoring As Component of Continuous Professional Development Program: A Case Study of Multan District
Authors: Saleem Amna
Published: September 2021

Becoming a primary school teacher is a challenging assignment thatrequired skills and knowledge that are necessary to impact student performance. One tactic used to support primary school teachers is to assign experienced members of their profession astheir mentors. Mentor playsa significantrole inimproving teachers'professional developmentin their teaching profession.Intend outcomes of this paper wereto investigate the effectiveness of the procedures for the mentoring which are directed and organized by the regional teacher educatorsand to see its influence on the performance and dutiesof Teachers of primary school levels (PSTs) in Punjab.The extensive research study was descriptive.This study adopted the quantitative research method and utilized two research toolsquestionnaire and mentoring visit form.Outcomes of the studyexposed that the majority of the participants have a positive approach towardsan existingmentoring program. This study also provides evidence thatdue to the mentoring activities professional development of participants is enhanced. Major suggestions for the study were that mentorsshould be well trained and change their perspective towards contestants.
KONEKTIVITAS PELAYARAN PERINTIS SEBAGAI BAGIAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI LOGISTIK DALAM MENDUKUNG KEBERHASILAN TOL LAUT
Authors: Susanto Primadi Candra , Pahala Yosi , Setyowati Tri Mulyani
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas keberhasilan penerapan Tol Laut, Tol Laut merupakan sebuah konsep untuk meningkatkan proses transportasi logistik di Indonesia, sehingga diharapkan proses distribusi barang (khususnya makanan) di Indonesia dapat berjalan dengan lancar. menjadi lebih mudah dan kemudian berdampak pada harga bahan pokok yang lebih merata di seluruh Indonesia. Metode penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif yang lebih menekankan pada data yang diolah dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan Tol Laut antara lain perusahaan pelayaran, perusahaan bongkar muat, perusahaan freight forwarding, perusahaan armada angkutan dan pemasok barang. Gagasan tol laut tidak hanya membahas masalah pelayanan transportasi laut untuk rute tertentu dari barat ke wilayah tengah dan timur dengan menggunakan kapal dengan ukuran yang relatif besar tetapi juga harus memikirkan rantai pasokan dan distribusi kargo. untuk diangkut melalui transportasi laut dan tentunya juga harus memperhatikan kondisi dan kapasitas pelabuhan yang akan disinggahi beserta fasilitas dan akses jalan dan dapat dikatakan manfaat utamanya adalah terselenggaranya program laut, yang mampu menyetarakan harga bahan pokok di seluruh wilayah Indonesia.
Evaluation of stability and adapbility of heat-tolerant rice lines in Mekong delta
Authors: Tran Lot V.
Published: September 2021

In two crop seasons of 2018, Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn, in Long An, Can Tho, Hau Giang, An Giang and Tra Vinh provinces, an assessment of stability and adapability of heat-tolerant rice lines (HTL) was conducted. The experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. The quantity of fertilizers was equally applied for all treatments, including 100 kg N, 40 P2O5 and 30 kg K2O/ha. The results showed that HTL1, HTL2, HTL5, HTL7, and HTL8 were promising hybrid lines as they had short growth periods and high yields with good heat-tolerance. These rice lines were adapted well to both Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn crops as indicated by the analysis of rice line and environment interaction.
Innate immune responses of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) experimentally infected with acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease-causing Vibbrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Vo Tuan V.
Published: September 2021

The innate immune responses of the whiteleg shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) experimentally challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion were investigated for a period of 120 h. The results showed that the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of shrimps (2 - 3 g) challenged with V. parahaemolyticus was 4.7 × 106 CFU/mL. No significant differences in immune parameters were observed between the control and challenged group right after challenge (0 hpi). However, the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst activity were decreased in the challenged shrimps after 24 and 48 hpi and significantly different from those in the control shrimps (P < 0,05). At 72, 96 and 120 hpi, there were no significant differences in the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst activity between two treatments. The observations of this study showed that the innate immune responses of the whiteleg shrimp were decreased due to the infection by V. parahaemolyticus.
Production of sprouted garlic powder
Authors: Le Thanh T.
Published: September 2021

Sprouting garlic is considered as a high phytochemical product that exerts health benefit. This study aimed to develop spouting garlic powder from Phan Rang garlic. Three sprouting methods, including growing in the soil, water immersion under ambient temperature and incubating at 10oC were investigated. The results showed that sprouting on the soil was the best method, characterizing sprouting garlic with the sprouting length of 39.6 mm, total soluble solids of 17.1oBx, total acidity of 0.56%, moisture content 74.51%, and recovery rate 28.2%. The inhibitory ability against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of fresh garlic sprouted in the soil had been evaluated. The results showed that the extract at the concentration of 5,5% was the most effective, indicated by completely inhibiting Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To produce sprouted garlic powder, three drying methods, including heat-pump drying, air drying and freeze-drying, were examined. The freeze-drying method was the most appropriate method to produce sprouted garlic powder with high nutritional value and the least changes of physicochemical properties. The powder obtained from this method showed a high inhibitory ability against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (88% and 100% inhibition at 1.5 and 2% sprouted garlic, respectively)
Effects of water pH on susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Vo Tuan V.
Published: September 2021

Effect of water pH on susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus was carried out in laboratory condition. White leg shrimp (2 - 3 g) were challenged by immersion for 2 h with tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 10 times lower dose of LD50. The results showed that the cumulative mortality of V. parahaemolyticus-immersed shrimp after 240 h was increased from low to high pH water levels (23.3 ± 5.8% in pH 6.3; 30.0 ± 20.0% in pH 7.3; 86.7 ± 15.3 in pH 9.3, respectively). The cumulative mortality of shrimp that held in pH = 8.3 was the lowest (20.0 ± 0.0%). In another experiment, immune parameters such as total haemocytes count and respiratory burst of Litopenaeus vannamei held at different pH levels were examined at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results indicated that no significant difference of total haemocytes count was observed at different pH water levels (pH 6.3, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3) at 0 - 72 hpc (hour post challenge). At 96 hpc, total haemocytes count at high pH water level (9.3) was increased and significant difference in comparison with the total haemocytes count recorded in low pH water levels (6.3, 7.3, 8.3). Respiratory burst was also not different at different pH water levels at 0 hpc. However, respiratory burst of shrimp that held at low pH water levels (pH 6.3 and 7.3) was rapidly reduced and significant difference in compared with the shrimp that held in high pH water levels (pH 8.3 and 9.3). It was therefore concluded that low and high pH stress decrease the resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei against V. parahaemolyticus and decrease several parameters of the immune response.
Making polymer membranes immobilized with phosphate solubilizing bacteria to produce controlled release fertilizer in combination with microorganisms
Authors: Bui Linh D. P.
Published: September 2021

The combination of slow-release nutrients with microbial activities in a fertilizer product could increase the fertilizer's efficiency, and limit the impact of chemical hazard of fertilizer on the environment. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal parameters for adequate size of immobilized bacterial particles, mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan membranes with or without integrating of immobilized bacterial particles to produce slow release fertilizer. The result showed that the combination of 1% sodium alginate concentration (molecular weight of 100 kDa) and 1% calcium chloride concentration was optimal for the preparation of immobilized microbial calcium alginate particles. The activity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria Burkholderia silvatlantica immobilized in micro calcium alginate particles, in PVA membrane, and in chitosan membrane after 72 h was about 84.2%, 82.2%, and 52.9%, respectively in comparison with free bacteria. Mechanical properties of PVA membrane with and without bacterial immobilized particles with modulus, elongation, and toughness were 0.122 GPa, 115.1%, 17.65 MPa and 0.022 GPa, 220.8%, 18.70 MPa, respectively. Mechanical properties of chitosan membrane with and without bacterial immobilized particles with modulus, elongation, and toughness were 0.6 GPa, 7.6%, 0.66 MPa and 0.842 GPa, 32.4%, 3.52 MPa, respectively.
Caculation of sterilization conditions using Ball method and shelf life for canned salmon fish bone extract
Authors: Kha Tuyen C.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study aimed to determine sterilization conditions (temperature and time) in order to maximize sensory quality and color of the canned salmon bone extract and minimize harmful organisms at the lowest level. The study was also designed to predict the shelf life of the canned extract. The sterilization conditions were calculated using the Ball method. The results showed that two sterilization conditions to achieve the F0 value of 2.8 min were determined at 121oC for 14 min and 116oC for 27 min. According to quality assessment, there were no significant differences in color and pH of the product sterilized at such conditions. However, overall score of the product sterilized at 121oC for 14 min was found to be better than that of the lower temperature and longer time in terms of sensory evaluation. For the shelf life prediction, the acceleration testing method was used with different responses measured including color, pH and sensory quality. The product was stored at 30oC for 60 days, and at 45 and 55oC for 20 days. Several kinetic equations have been constructed to describe the changes of those responses during storage periods. According to kinetics equations, the shelf life of the product was predicted and confirmed as 19 months at 30oC.