bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Krim Pengkelat Merkuri Berbahan Dasar Ekstrak Etanol Alga Coklat (Sargassum Sp.)
Authors: Putrinesia Inda , Pratama Yoga , Asyikin Nurul , Rahmalia Winda
Published: February 2018

Penelitian tentang formulasi dan uji aktivitas krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat (Sargassum sp.) telah dilakukan. Krim diformulasikan dengan beberapa bahan seperti vaselin, gliserol, asam askorbat, karbomer, setil alkohol, dan NaOH. Parameter yang dievaluasi diantaranya organoleptik krim, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, tipe krim, iritasi kulit, dan daya tercuci krim. Aktivitas pengkelatan diamati dengan menganalisis kandungan merkuri pada kulit tikus yang sebelumnya diberikan krim bermerkuri dibandingkan dengan kulit tikus yang telah dioleskan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat. Spektrum FT-IR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol alga coklat didominasi oleh senyawa gluthation. Berdasarkan parameter evaluasi krim, formulasi terbaik adalah krim dengan komposisi ekstrak alga coklat sebanyak 0,035 % w/v terhadap volume krim, yang ditandai dengan krim yang berbentuk gel kental dan tidak berbau serta memiliki tekstur seperti krim wajah pada umumnya, yaitu lembut dan sedikit berminyak. Krim bersifat homogen dan stabil hingga hari ke 21 percobaan dengan pH=5. Krim juga tidak menimbulkan iritasi dan dapat tercuci habis tanpa bekas. Hasil analisis AAS membuktikan bahwa penggunaan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar esktrak etanol alga coklat selama kurang dari 2 minggu dengan dosis pemberian 1 kali sehari mampu menyerap merkuri pada tikus dengan aktivitas penyerapan sebesar 50 %.

Fomulation and activity test of mercury chelator cream of ethanol extract of brown algae (Sargassum sp.). Research on the study of formulation an activity test of mercury chelator cream from ethanol extract has successfully done. The cream was formulated with several ingredients such as vaseline, glycerol, ascorbic acid, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, and sodium hydroxide. Parameters were evaluated against organoleptic, homogenity, pH, dispersion type of cream, skin irritation test and washing test. The mercury chelating activity was observed by analyzing mercury concentration in mercury induced mouse skin. The FTIR spectrum shows that ethanol extract of brown algae was dominated by glutathione functional group. The best cream formulation was composed by 0,035% w/v brown algae, formed as a creamy gel that was thick and odorless and had a texture like soft facial cream in general with slightly oily.The cream was homogeneous and stable until the 21st day of the experiment with pH = 5. The cream produced no skin irritation and could be washed out without a trace. The results of AAS analysis proved that the use of brown algae ethanol extract-based mercury chelating cream for less than 2 weeks with a dose of 1 time a day could absorb mercury in mouse skin with absorption activity of 50%.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sarang Lebah Hutan (Apis Dorsata) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococa aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Prestianti Ika , Baharuddin Maswati , Sappewali Sappewali
Published: February 2018

Penyakit infeksi akibat bakteri merupakan masalah serius dalam kesehatan.Antibakteri alami yang dapat digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu sarang lebah hutan (Apis dorsata) (propolis, kantong madu, kantong telur dan kantong pollen) yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin dan asam fenolat.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah megetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sarang lebah hutan dari setiap pelarut yang digunakan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak sarang lebah hutan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram dengan lama perendaman   1 jam kemudian diinkubasi selama 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol sarang lebah memiliki aktivitas tertinggi pada bakteri  E. coli yaitu 3,8 mm pada konsentrasi 8%, ekstrak etil asetat sarang lebah pada bakteri S. aureus yaitu 3,72 mm pada konsentrasi 8% dan ekstrak n-heksan sarang lebah pada bakteri E. coli yaitu 16,1 mm pada konsentrasi 8%.Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin besar pula daya hambat ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus, E. coli dan P. aeruginosa.

Antibacterial Evaluation of Extract Beehive (Apis dorsata) on Growth Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial infectious diseases are serious health problems. A natural antibacterial that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth of honeycomb (propolis, honey bag, egg bag and pollen bag) containing secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of honeycomb extract from each solvent used and to know the effect of honeycomb extract concentration on the growth of S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Antibacterial testing was performed by the method of paper disc diffusion with soaking time 1 hour then incubated for 3 x 24 hours. The results showed that antibacterial activity of methanol honeycomb extract had the highest activity in E. coli bacteria ie 3.8 mm at 8% concentration, ethyl acetate honey extract on S. aureus bacteria ie 3.72 mm at 8% concentration and n extract n-hexan honeycomb in E. coli bacteria that is 16,1 mm at 8% concentration. The effect of extract concentration is the higher the concentration the greater the inhibitory power of extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
Development and Field Test of an Electric-Submersible-Pump Reliable-Power-Delivery System
Authors: Xiao J. J. , Shepler Randall , Windiarto Yhossie , Parkinson Stuart , Fox Rob , Matlack Brad
Published: February 2018

In high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and high-pressure/high-temperature fields, the average run life of electric submersible pumps (ESPs) is limited to 3 years. Dismantle/inspection/failure-analysis (DIFA) results show that approximately 50% of ESP failures are directly or indirectly related to electrical-delivery problems concentrated approximately 200 ft in between the packer and the motor. This paper presents a collaborative research-and-development effort to develop and trial test a reliable-power-delivery system (RPDS) with the goal of extending the average ESP run life from the current 3 years to 10 years.

The development focuses on improving reliabilities of key power-delivery components including packer penetrator, motor-lead-extension (MLE) cable, and cable connection to the motor. The design integrates learnings from advanced completion and subsea technology, and includes new concepts, features, and materials. Field-pressure-testable connections are implemented to ensure proper field-connections makeup. Factory testing incorporated a robust highly-accelerated-life-test (HALT) methodology to simulate a 10-year service life.

Prototype components were designed, fabricated, and tested. These components were integrated and subjected to a rigorous system-integration test. After the comprehensive factory tests, a field-prototype system was built and installed in an offshore well. The system has been operated and exceeds the trial-test success criterion of a minimum 180-day run life.

For years, ESP reliability has been a constant issue faced by the industry, with electrical problems at the center of many failure causes. This paper presents a completely new design approach to address this critical challenge. Field installation and testing show the potential of extended run life with this new power-delivery technology.
Manganese, Zinc, and pH Affect Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Grain under Field Conditions in Southern China
Authors: Wang Meie , Yang Yang , Chen Weiping
Published: February 2018

Very little has been reported on the effects of pH, Zn, and Mn on Cd uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their levels under field conditions. Rice accumulates a high concentration of Cd in acid soils, even at low soil Cd levels. Lime (CaO) was spread at 1200 kg ha−1 on the topsoil of a rice field during the tillering stage. Effects of liming on rice Cd, soil pH, and amorphous Mn (MnO2–AM) were then investigated. Slight increases in pH from 5.17 to 5.45 and MnO2–AM from 66.3 to 82.1 mg kg−1 were observed after liming. The proportion of rice samples with a Cd concentration greater than the Chinese rice Cd standard (0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. in grain) decreased by ∼15%. The pH, which varied from 4.8 to 5.8, did not significantly affect rice Cd, whereas soil Cd and Zn had a significantly positive effect, together accounting for ∼14% of the variance. Soil Mn had significantly negative effects on rice Cd, accounting for >18% of the variance. For a Cd concentration <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. in rice grain, the critical pH value in paddy soil was ∼5.7, and that for Mn at pH 4.8 to 5.8 was ∼300 mg kg−1. Our findings showed that Cd concentration in rice grain in an acid paddy soil increased with an increase of Zn and a decrease of Mn when these metals were at sufficient levels.

Core Ideas

Low soil Mn and low pH allowed for higher uptake of Cd under field conditions.

Surface spreading of lime does not increase soil pH and amorphous Mn efficiently.

Rice Cd in an acid paddy soil increased with an increase of Zn at sufficient levels.

The critical pH in paddy soil for rice Cd <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. was ∼5.7.

The critical Mn in acid soils for rice Cd <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. was ∼300 mg kg−1.
Influence of Genotype, Crop Management, and Environment on Winter Wheat Grain Yield Determination Based on Components of Yield
Authors: Golba Jan , Studnicki Marcin , Gozdowski Dariusz , Mądry Wiesław , Rozbicki Jan
Published: February 2018

The objectives of this study were to determine the contributions of genotype, management, and environment, as well as the effects of their interactions, on variations in the grain yield and its components for 25 cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to evaluate the differences between the patterns of yield determination in two different groups of environments. The field trials performed in this study were performed across eight locations in Poland divided into two groups as follows: four with favorable and four with unfavorable soil conditions during two growing seasons. Variance components were used to test the impact of the cultivars, locations, years, and crop management and the effects of their interactions on grain yield and its components. The data for each cultivar were analyzed with path analysis and cluster analysis to distinguish groups of cultivars that had similar patterns of yield determination using three yield components and a grain yield quantity. The results of the study showed that a significant effect on grain yield was observed for management, but the responsiveness of its components was different depending on the location. Favorable soil conditions only caused variability in the spike number, whereas under unfavorable soil conditions, higher input management with intensive N fertilization caused a change in the number of grains per spike. The results of this study indicate that different yield formation patterns exist among bread wheat and that these patterns primarily depend on the genotype and growing conditions.
Root‐Rhizome Mass and Chemical Composition of Bahiagrass and Rhizoma Peanut Monocultures Compared with their Binary Mixtures
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux José C.B. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Blount Ann , Sollenberger Lynn E. , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Jaramillo David , Garcia Liza , Pereira‐Neto Jose D.
Published: February 2018

Root‐rhizome mass and chemical composition are important determinants of nutrient cycling and soil C accumulation in grasslands. Adding legumes to grass monocultures increases forage nutritive value and N cycling in animal excreta and aboveground plant litter, but the effects of mixtures on root‐rhizome mass and composition have not been studied extensively. This experiment compared belowground responses of rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) monocultures with those of their binary mixtures, 3 yr after establishment. Treatments were two bahiagrass entries (‘Argentine’ and DF9, receiving 90 kg N ha−1 harvest−1) and two RP entries (Ecoturf and Q6B) in monoculture, and the combinations of each entry of bahiagrass with each entry of RP. Root‐rhizome biomass in Argentine bahiagrass did not differ from mixtures, but it was greater than RP monocultures in the second year. Total N and C contents were greater in 2016 (P < 0.05, 139 kg N ha−1 and 5360 kg C ha−1) than in 2015 (61 kg N ha−1 and 3540 kg C ha−1) across treatments. In 2016, C/N ratio in mixture belowground biomass was equivalent to that of N‐fertilized bahiagrass monocultures. Bahiagrass and RP belowground proportion did not differ among the mixtures. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the Argentine δ15N from −0.76 to 1.68‰ from 2015 to 2016, respectively. Results indicated that mixing legumes and grasses is a good strategy to improve storage of belowground N in root and rhizome, even compared with bahiagrass fertilized with 90 kg N ha−1 harvest−1.
Effects of Mucilage on Rhizosphere Hydraulic Functions Depend on Soil Particle Size
Authors: Kroener Eva , Holz Maire , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Ahmed Mutez , Carminati Andrea
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

We propose a model of mechanistic pore‐scale interactions of mucilage, water, and soil.

Effect of mucilage on saturated hydraulic conductivity is stronger in coarse soils.

Coarse soils require higher mucilage concentration to increase water content.

Upscaling to macroscopic soil hydraulic properties remains challenging.

The model was validated on measured water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity

Mucilage secreted by roots alters hydraulic properties of soil close to the roots. Although existing models are able to mimic the effect of mucilage on soil hydraulic properties for specific soils, it has not yet been explored how the effects of mucilage on macroscopic soil hydraulic properties depend on soil particle size. We propose a conceptual model of how mechanistic pore‐scale interactions of mucilage, water, and soil depend on pore size and mucilage concentration and how these pore‐scale characteristics result in changes of macroscopic soil hydraulic properties. Water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils with different ranges of particle sizes mixed with various mucilage concentrations were measured and used to validate the conceptual model. We found that (i) at low mucilage concentrations, the saturated conductivity of a coarse sand was a few orders of magnitude higher than that of a silt, (ii) at an intermediate concentration, the hydraulic conductivity of a fine sand was lower than of a coarse sand or a silt, and (iii) at a high concentration, all soils had a hydraulic conductivity of the same magnitude. At low matric potentials, mucilage increased the water content in all soilsin all soils. In coarser soils, higher mucilage concentrations were needed to induce an increase in water content of >0.05 g g–1 at low matric potentials. This study shows how pore‐scale interactions between mucilage, water, and soil particles affect bulk soil hydraulic properties in a way that depends on soil particle size. Including such effects in quantitative models of root water uptake remains challenging.
Linking consumer characteristics to word-of-mouth-related behaviors and referral intentions in restaurants
Authors: Salem Islam , Nabil Mohamed , Shehata Hossam
Published: February 2018

This research aims at describing and validating differences in word-of-mouth-related (WOM) behaviors and referral intentions according to consumers’ characteristics; demographic (gender/age), socio-economic (education), and consumption patterns (frequency of outdoor dining/restaurant type preferences). Thus, restaurant operators can better target their opinion leaders, and maximize WOM marketing potential. 221 valid questionnaires were collected from restaurant customers, covering consumer characteristics and basic WOM-related behaviors. Results concerning basic WOM-related variables conformed logically to relevant previous studies. Females, teenagers and youth, and quick-service restaurant (QSR) diners were more WOM-dependent for their outdoor dining decisions. Meanwhile, males, matures and QSR customers have been more active referrers for unpleasant dining experiences. University students showed less response for WOM referrals concerning unpleasant experiences, while being the more active referrers for unpleasant meal and foodservice encounters. It was also noted that the less the frequency of outdoor dining, the more dependent are consumers on WOM referrals, and the more referring to unpleasant dining experiences. Most available WOM-related literature spots mainly on WOM-related issues, such as its popularity vs. other types of media, and referral intentions responding to pleasant or unpleasant dining experiences. Differently, the current study concludes by determining restaurants’ key opinion leaders; that is, most active WOM referrers and most WOM-sensitive segments, based on main consumer characteristics and behaviors. Thus, restaurant operators can better tailor and target their WOM-related marketing efforts.
Tourism destination competitiveness models
Authors: Stankova Mariya , Vasenska Ivanka
Published: February 2018

Nowadays tourism is one of the few branches which creates jobs in the big Bulgarian cities and big tourist centers as in the rural and mountain areas, providing variety of opportunities for over fifty kinds of specialists from different ages. In those frames, the aim of this paper is to unveil, analyze and evaluate the possibilities for enhancing its competitiveness at destination level trough a sustainable planning model. The object of study is the competitiveness of tourism destination Bulgaria according to The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index. We have combined the expert method and the method of observation, applicable for the analysis of competitiveness, as well as the adopted Index methodology. Moreover, together with its comprehension, the paper suggests a model for sustainable planning and development for the surveyed tourism destination.
John Rawls: kontraktualizm i konstruktywizm
Authors: Kędziora Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

W artykule autor podejmuje dwa istotne dla zrozumienia natury praktycznego uzasadnienia problemy. Pierwszy z nich dotyczy kontraktualistycznej procedury uzasadnienia, drugi natomiast konstruktywistycznej procedury uzasadnienia. Obie procedury odgrywają istotną rolę w uzasadnieniu danej koncepcji sprawiedliwości.
An epitomize of Upmana Parmana In Ayurveda
Authors: Jaggi Sagrika , Sihag Jyoti , Rana Abhishek
Published: February 2018

Darshana (the Great Indian Philosophy) has an immense influence on Ayurveda, the Indian Science of Medicine. The primary aim of all Darshana’s is to attain Moksha. Nyaya Darshana aims to get Moksha by knowing a particular substratum by different parameters. For this purpose they introduced a subject called as ‘Pramana’. Pramana is the one which helps in attaining true knowledge of a substratum. Nyaya Darshana has accepted four Pramana’s analogous to Sushruta Samhita, they are Pratyaksha Pramana, Anumana Pramana, Aaptopdesha Pramana and Upamana Pramana. Out of these first three are mentioned elaborately in all most all Samhita’s with their definition, application etc. But Upamana Pramana though accepted by Acharya Charaka, Sushruta, Gautama etc. has been meagerly defined in classics. Ayurveda, the diagnosis and treatment of a disease is based on Nidana Panchaka, Aatur Pariksha and these intern depend upon Pramana’s, as other Pramana’s like Pratyaksha, Anumana, Aaptopdesha Pramana are already elaborately mentioned, so this study has been planned to understand concept of Upamana Pramana
Treating long standing Primary Infertility with Ayurveda - A Case Study
Authors: S.K. Vanishree , Kumari Chethana , Siddesh Sunita , M. Ramesh
Published: February 2018

Infertility is an increasing condition in society which has become a challenge to the gynaecologist. Based on the census reports of India 2001, 1991, 1981 researchers show that childlessness has increased by 50% since 1981. The increase may be due to many reasons, as sexually transmitted infections, coping with stress, the way of living, job pressure, postponing parenthood, galloping urbanization, obesity etc. Vandhya Stree is either due to Beeja Dosha or other causes where she can be treated and made to conceive. Vandhyatva is a condition which occurs as a complication of various diseases, different Yonivyapats, Jatharagnis, Artavadushtis, Beejadosha, Mithyaachara, Daiva are various contributory factors for Vandhya. Many treatments have been available with different success rates. They include fertility drugs, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro sperm injection (ICSI), donor insemination (DI), egg (or embryo) donation and surrogacy. long standing infections of vagina or urinary system, UTI, TORCH infections contribute to non conception due to compromised immune system. Atimaithuna in Baalaavashtha is explained as one of the causes for Yonivyapats, treating the Yonivyapat and reducing infection enhances conception. This theory was followed in this case to achieve conception. Presenting such a case with long standing infertility and infection treated successfully with Ayurvedic medicine and achieved conception.
English teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education: a literature review
Authors: García Montes Paula Andrea , Nieto Caballero Jaime , Arbeláez Rodríguez César
Published: February 2018

Este artículo reporta un análisis del estado del arte sobre las actitudes de los profesores hacia la educación inclusiva de niños con discapacidad. Este artículo analiza una variedad de investigaciones con el propósito de explorar los factores y las razones que pueden incidir en las actitudes de los profesores sobre la enseñanza a niños discapacitados. El análisis fue llevado a cabo para mostrar evidencia de las perspectivas positivas y negativas de los profesores hacía la inclusión. Durante todo el análisis, las actitudes de los profesores resultaron ser influenciadas por su filosofía general de inclusión y la percepción de como debería ser implementado este proceso. Después de discutir los resultados de los estudios analizados, se encontró que las actitudes positivas o negativas dependía de una variedad de factores como el conocimiento de educación inclusiva, tiempo, recursos y desarrollo profesional.Palabras Claves: Inclusión, Politicas, y ActitudesAbstractThis paper reports a review of literature concerning the attitudes of teachers toward inclusive education of children with disabilities. This paper reviews a large body of research-based literature, in order to explore the factors and reasons that might impact teachers’ attitudes concerning the teaching of disabled children. The analysis was carried out to show evidence of positive and negative views of teachers towards inclusion. Throughout the analysis, teachers’ attitudes were found to be influenced by their general philosophy of inclusion and the way they perceived that inclusion should be implemented. After analyzing the results of various research studies, it was found that teachers’ positive or negative attitudes depended on many factors such as knowledge toward inclusive education, time, resources and professional development. Key words: Inclusion, policies and teachers’ attitudes
Editorial
Authors: Herazo Rivera José David
Published: February 2018

La revista Avances en Educación y Humanidades, de la Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad de Córdoba, es un medio de difusión de la producción científica en Educación y las Ciencias humanas
Game Plan: Development of a Web App Designed to Help Men Who Have Sex With Men Reduce Their HIV Risk and Alcohol Use (Preprint)
Authors: Wray Tyler , Kahler Christopher W , Simpanen Erik M , Operario Don
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV, and alcohol use is a major risk factor for HIV infection. Internet-facilitated brief interventions have been shown to reduce alcohol use and HIV-risk behavior in other at-risk populations, but have so far incorporated limited content and have not been tested among MSM.

OBJECTIVE

This manuscript describes Game Plan, an interactive, tablet-optimized web application designed to help heavy drinking, high-risk MSM consider reducing their alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. In this paper, we discuss the rationale, goals, and flow for each of Game Plan’s components, which were modelled after common in-person and web-based brief motivational interventions for these behaviors.

METHODS

The development of Game Plan was informed by a thorough user-focused design research process that included (1) audits of existing interventions, (2) focus groups with stakeholders and (3) intended users (high-risk, heavy drinking MSM), and (4) usability testing. The aesthetic, features, and content of the app were designed iteratively throughout this process

RESULTS

The fully-functional Game Plan app provides (1) specific and personal feedback to users about their level of risk, (2) exercises to help prompt users to reflect on whether their current behavior aligns with other important life goals and values, and for those open to change, (3) exercises to help users understand factors that contribute to risk, and (4) a change planning module. In general, this flow was constructed to roughly align with the two phases described in early accounts of motivational interviewing (MI): (1) Content intended to elicit intrinsic motivation for change, and when/if sufficient motivation is present, (2) content intended to translate that motivation into specific goals and plans for change. This sequence first focuses on the user’s HIV risk behavior, followed by their alcohol use and the connection between the two. The app’s overall aesthetic (eg, branding, color palettes, icons/graphics) and its onboarding sequence was also designed to align with the “spirit” of MI by conveying respect for autonomy, open-mindedness (ie, avoiding judgment), and empathy.

CONCLUSIONS

Should future research support its efficacy in facilitating behavior change, Game Plan could represent a wide-reaching and scalable tool that is well-suited for use in settings where delivering evidence-based, in-person interventions would be difficult or cost-prohibitive.
Using neural networks with routine health records to identify suicide risk (Preprint)
Authors: DelPozo-Banos Marcos , John Ann , Petkov Nicolai , Berridge Damon Mark , Loxton Kate , Lloyd Keith , Jones Caroline , Spencer Sarah , Travieso Carlos M
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Every year approximately 800,000 people die by suicide worldwide, accounting for 1–2 in every 100 deaths. It is always a tragic event with a huge impact on family, friends, community and professionals. Unfortunately, suicide prevention and the development of risk assessment tools have been hindered by the complexity of the underlying mechanisms and the dynamic nature of people’s motivations and intent. Many of those who die by suicide have had contact with health services in the preceding year but identifying those most at risk is a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the feasibility of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on routinely collected electronic health records (EHRs) to support the identification of those at high risk of suicide when in contact with health services.

METHODS

Using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank UK, we extracted those who died by suicide between 2001 and 2015 and paired controls. Looking at primary (general practice: GP) and secondary (hospital admissions) EHRs, we built a binary feature vector coding the presence of risk factors at different times before the contact leading to death. Risk factors included: GP contacts and hospital admissions; diagnosis of mental health, injury and poisoning, substance misuse, maltreatment or sleep disorder; and prescription of opiates or psychotropics. We trained simple ANNs to differentiate between cases and controls and interpreted the output score as the estimated suicide risk score. We assessed system performance with 10x10 K-Folds repeated cross-valadiation and studied system performance and behaviour by representing the distribution of estimated risk across cases and controls and the distribution of factors across different estimated risks.

RESULTS

We extracted a total of 2,604 suicide cases and 20 paired controls per case. Our system obtained an error rate of 26.78% ± 1.46 (64.57% of sensitivity and 81.86% of specificity). While the distribution of controls was concentrated around estimated risks < 0.5, cases where almost uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. Prescription of psychotropics, depression and anxiety and self-harm increased the estimated risk by ~0.4. At least 95% of those presenting these factors were identified cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the simplicity of the implemented system, the proposed methodology obtained an accuracy similar to other published methods based on specialized questionnaire generated data. Most of the errors came from the heterogeneity of patterns shown by cases, some of which were identical to those of controls. Prescription of psychotropics, depression and anxiety and self-harm were strongly linked with higher estimated risk scores, followed by hospital admission and long-term drugs and alcohol misuse. Other risk factors such as sleep disorder and maltreatment had more complex effects.
Extended Duration Nocturnal Hemodialysis and Changes in Plasma Metabolite Profiles
Authors: Kalim Sahir , Wald Ron , Yan Andrew T. , Goldstein Marc B. , Kiaii Mercedeh , Xu Dihua , Berg Anders H. , Clish Clary , Thadhani Ravi , Rhee Eugene P. , Perl Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

Background and objectives

In-center, extended duration nocturnal hemodialysis has been associated with variable clinical benefits, but the effect of extended duration hemodialysis on many established uremic solutes and other components of the metabolome is unknown. We determined the magnitude of change in metabolite profiles for patients on extended duration nocturnal hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a 52-week prospective, observational study, we followed 33 patients receiving conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis who converted to nocturnal hemodialysis (7–8 hours per session, three times per week). A separate group of 20 patients who remained on conventional hemodialysis (3–4 hours per session, three times per week) served as a control group. For both groups, we applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling on stored plasma samples collected from all participants at baseline and after 1 year. We examined longitudinal changes in 164 metabolites among those who remained on conventional hemodialysis and those who converted to nocturnal hemodialysis using Wilcoxon rank sum tests adjusted for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate <0.05).

Results

On average, the nocturnal group had 9.6 hours more dialysis per week than the conventional group. Among 164 metabolites, none changed significantly from baseline to study end in the conventional group. Twenty-nine metabolites changed in the nocturnal group, 21 of which increased from baseline to study end (including all branched-chain amino acids). Eight metabolites decreased after conversion to nocturnal dialysis, including l-carnitine and acetylcarnitine. By contrast, several established uremic retention solutes, including p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and trimethylamine N-oxide, did not change with extended dialysis.

Conclusions

Across a wide array of metabolites examined, extended duration hemodialysis was associated with modest changes in the plasma metabolome, with most differences relating to metabolite increases, despite increased dialysis time. Few metabolites showed reduction with more dialysis, and no change in several established uremic toxins was observed.
Indicadores educacionais brasileiros: limites e perspectivas
Authors: Gonçalves Taísa Grasiela Gomes Liduenha , Santo Stela Cezare do , Santos Natália Gomes dos
Published: February 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os dados quantitativos e apresentar algumas dificuldades e perspectivas a partir da leitura e tratamento dos dados do censo escolar da educação básica, principalmente, no que se refere à área da Educação Especial. Para tal, pautou-se em uma pesquisa documental no endereço eletrônico do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) para verificar as relações dos indicadores educacionais com os organismos internacionais. Além disso, foram analisadas as variáveis referentes ao público-alvo da educação especial baseando-se no caderno de instruções do censo escolar da educação básicano período de 2007 a 2016. Os dados revelam que os interesses internacionais pela educação brasileira são econômicos, com estratégias para a redução da pobreza e para o aumento da produtividade por meio de um ensino aligeirado. Constatou-se uma linha tênue entre a amplitude na definição de público-alvo da educação especial e a complexidade conceitual que interfere nos dados quantitativos do censo escolar.
Mídias na escola: recursos pedagógicos na prevenção e combate ao racismo em escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Macapá-AP
Authors: Reis Minelva Medeiros dos , Foster Eugénia da Luz Silva , Custódio Elivaldo Serrão
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo resulta de um projeto de mesmo nome, que teve como objetivo analisar as possibilidades de uso das diversas mídias na prevenção e no combate ao racismo em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Macapá-AP. No estudo foram utilizados dois tipos de pesquisa: a bibliográfica e a de campo. A metodologia utilizada foi a colaborativa e reflexiva proposta por Magalhães e Liberali (2011). Quanto à abordagem, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, tendo em vista que propôs uma reflexão sobre os fazeres pedagógicos e, a partir da própria realidade, construiu-se novos conhecimentos. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar do desconhecimento de alguns dos sujeitos da pesquisa sobre o uso das mídias na educação, elas constituem-se como poderosos recursos pedagógicos a serem utilizados na efetivação da Lei n° 10.639/2003, se trabalhados em uma perspectiva de perceber os aspectos sutis por onde o racismo vai sendo reproduzido e superado.
Edentulismo e fatores associados à necessidade de uso de prótese superior e inferior entre idosos
Authors: Almeida Junior Aroldo Paes de , Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Lopes Beatriz Gonçalves , Bordin Danielle , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: descrever o edentulismo entre idosos e os fatores associados à necessidade de uso de prótese dental. Métodos: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 115 idosos. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas domiciliares e exame clínico e analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: a maioria dos idosos eram edêntulos e necessitam de prótese. Sendo esta necessidade relacionada, para ambos os arcos, à: escolaridade, renda, satisfação com a condição bucal, irritabilidade com os dentes, dor/dificuldades para comer, frequência e intensidade de dor, autorrelato de necessidade de tratamento e substituição da prótese, motivo e local de busca para atendimento. No arco inferior verificou-se significância para autopercepção sobre a cor, consulta e incômodo na escovação dental. Conclusão: o edentulismo, o uso e a necessidade de prótese dentária apresentam alta prevalência na população idosa, sendo esta necessidade associada à fatores sociodemográficos, condição de saúde bucal, dor, incômodo, motivo e local de busca para atendimento.
A avaliação da aprendizagem sob a ótica de acadêmicos de medicina
Authors: Uscocovich Vanessa Schenekenberg Martins
Published: February 2018

Avaliar integra-se ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem devendo atrelar-se as teorias de aprendizagem e metodologias didáticas O estudo desvelou a percepção sobre processos avaliativos; identificou as distinções conceituais sobre as modalidades/modelos/instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da formação médica e perfil sociodemográfico, através do método exploratório-descritivo qualitativo e entrevista semiestruturada norteando a questão: qual a percepção dos estudantes do curso de medicina sobre os processos avaliativos da aprendizagem vivenciados durante sua formação? por técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, com apreensão de três categorias, percepção dos estudantes sobre os processos avaliativos utilizados; da avaliação na formação médica e compreensão do processo avaliativo. Percebeu-se preocupação quanto à formação, excesso de avaliações teóricas restritas aos conteúdos abordados em sala de aula. Apontam um certo desconhecimento didático-metodológico dos docentes e almejam uma melhor avaliação, em que contemple o estudante, como agente ativo do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
O processo de implantação de ouvidorias municipais de saúde na abrangência da 2ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Oliveira Francine Tainá
Published: February 2018

A Ouvidora da 2ª Regional de Saúde foi estagiária de Serviço Social neste local, no qual, por uma exigência da Universidade (PUCPR), realizou projeto de intervenção no campo de estágio sobre o processo de implantação de Ouvidorias Municipais da Saúde. Considerando que o processo de implantação das Ouvidorias municipais da Saúde era tido como frágil, até o inicio do ano de 2016, informação essa confirmada por meio de dados coletados por diagnóstico, possibilitou-se a execução do projeto de intervenção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse artigo é evidenciar a experiência exitosa realizada nesse campo de estágio, salientando-se através da exposição dos resultados obtidos em uma pesquisa de campo, que comprovam o aumento em 100% no número de Ouvidorias Municipais da Saúde na abrangência dessa Regional, após a intervenção da estagiária no processo de implantação de ouvidorias municipais da saúde.
Resenhas
Authors: Forster Aldaisa , Ferreira Janise , Vicentine Fernanda , Aguiar Adriana
Published: February 2018

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Przestępczość kobiet w wybranych teoriach kryminologicznych – konteksty płci kulturowej
Authors: Andraszczyk Wojciech
Published: February 2018

Celem niniejszego tekstu jest rekonstrukcja wybranych teorii kryminologicznych. Świadomie pomijam koncepcje o innym profilu, koncentrując się na kategorii płci kulturowej jako kluczowej. Celem moich rozważań nie jest przedstawienie całościowej wizji kryminologicznych koncepcji przestępczości kobiet lecz tylko pewnego jej wycinka. Treść narracji jest zatem częściowo reprezentatywna dla przedstawionego problemu, a w dalszych eksploracjach podejmę próbę uwzględnienia perspektyw teoretycznych w innych nurtach, które związane są ze studiami nad kobiecością (ang. gender studies).
Wybrane psychospołeczne zasoby i deficyty osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności
Authors: Skowroński Bartłomiej , Domżalska Aneta
Published: February 2018

Celem niniejszej pracy jest zaprezentowanie wybranych psychospołecznych deficytów i zasobów osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności w obrębie następujących obszarów: poczucie koherencji, prężność ego, depresja, lęk, ciekawość, złość, martwienie się, wparcie społeczne, jakość życia, intensywność postawy religijnej, religijne i niereligijne sposoby radzenia sobie ze stresem. Analiza uzyskanych wyników dowiodła, iż osoby pozbawione wolności odczuwają istotnie niższe wsparcie społeczne w jego aspekcie informacyjnym, instrumentalnym, wartościującym oraz emocjonalnym w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną.
Gotowość do zmiany przestępczych kobiet i mężczyzn
Authors: Biel Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

Gotowość przestępców do resocjalizacji jest w naszym kraju nową kategorią. Tymczasem badania prowadzone w wielu krajach wskazują na jej przydatność w diagnozie i selekcji uczestników programów resocjalizacyjnych. Wiąże się to z większą efektywnością oddziaływań wobec skazanych i większą odpowiedzialnością skazanych za własny proces resocjalizacji.Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu prezentację głównych założeń i modeli gotowości do zmiany i ich przydatności w praktyce resocjalizacyjnej oraz ukazanie pilotażowych badań gotowości do zmiany wśród przestępczych kobiet i mężczyzn w Krakowie. Zastosowanie polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza CVTRQ pozwoliło określić poziom gotowości skazanych, uwzględniając deficyty w poszczególnych skalach kwestionariusza i zmienne różnicujące grupę gotowych od niegotowych. Na koniec zaprezentowane zostaną wskazówki do dalszych badań.
Troski i kłopoty związane z wdrażaniem rozwiązań w pracy zawodowej Badania nieustannie wskazują nam, że dla wyników programu ważniejszy jest sposób jego realizacji niż to jaki jest McLaughlin i in. 1975
Authors: Paparozzi Mario A.
Published: February 2018

W artykule podjęto analizę sytuacji zawodowej pracowników zajmujących się zadaniami zawodowymi w obszarze resocjalizacji ,począwszy od różnych etapów rozwoju zawodowego. Według Autora, jest wiele osób zajmujących się resocjalizacją, które znakomicie wykonują swoje obowiązki i są zaniepokojone szerszymi kwestiami strukturalnymi, uniemożliwiającymi, aby nadzór kuratorski i zwolnienie warunkowe były właściwymi formami pracy z podopiecznymi i powinny być ogólnie uznanymi składnikami zapewniającymi bezpieczeństwo publiczne i sprawiedliwość w obrębie systemu sądowniczo-penitencjarnego. Praca w tym zawodzie wymaga zaangażowania i wielkiej odpowiedzialności i wrażliwości, jeżeli rzeczywiście zakładamy ofertę pomocową, natomiast wśród pracowników znajdują się takie osoby, które nie sprawdzają się w tego typu zadaniach zawodowych. Ważne jest, aby wartości indywidualne były spójne z praktykami opartymi na działaniach odpowiedzialnych mających na celu zmniejszenie recydywy skazanego, a obowiązkowe szkolenia dla personelu mogą pomóc wykształcić kompetentnych specjalistów. Zbyt często jednak wartości podstawowe są pomijane podczas podejmowania decyzji o zatrudnieniu i oceny skuteczności pracowników związanych z instytucjami resocjalizacyjnymi.
Strategic Timing of 8-K Filings by Privately Owned Firms
Authors: Brockbank Bryan G. , Hennes Karen M.
Published: February 2018

SYNOPSIS

Managers have discretion over the day of the week and the time of day that 8-Ks are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), so they can elect to file an 8-K containing negative news at times with lower market attention. Several recent studies find various stock price-related incentives for strategic filing behavior for firms with publicly traded equity. In this study, we use 8-K filings from firms with public filings (mostly from public debt) but non-public equity ownership from 2004–2014 to explore the strategic timing behavior of firms without stock price motivations. Consistent with strategic disclosure, we find evidence that bad news 8-Ks are more likely to be filed when market attention is lower (just after markets close, on Fridays, and after markets close on Fridays) even absent stock price concerns. Cross-sectionally, we find more strategic timing for firms with external scrutiny from analysts and credit rating agencies, despite the sophistication of those market participants. Within firms, we also find more strategic timing around public debt offerings, a time of increased market scrutiny for private firms. Lastly, we use EDGAR download data to provide supporting evidence that strategic timing of bad news disclosures does reduce short-window stakeholder attention to the bad news. Overall, we provide evidence that privately owned firms behave strategically within the 8-K reporting rules despite the lack of stock price incentives.
Materializing Innovation Capability: A Management Control Perspective
Authors: Grabner Isabella , Posch Arthur , Wabnegg Markus
Published: February 2018

Recent research in strategic management claims that firms need appropriate structures for capabilities to materialize into performance. Following this argument, we posit that the design of management control systems influences a firm's ability to exploit innovation capability and translate it into innovation performance. While we argue for value communication and employee selection as suitable control practices in this context, we expect performance monitoring and behavior monitoring to obstruct the materialization of innovation capability in organizations. Moreover, we elucidate the role of perceived environmental uncertainty as a relevant contextual factor that influences the costs and benefits of management control practices and the extent to which they can support or hinder the innovation process. We empirically test our hypotheses by combining survey data with patent information of the firms in our sample. In sum, our study contributes to the innovation literature within and beyond the field of accounting by highlighting the crucial role of management control in translating a firm's innovation capability into actual innovation performance.
Health Care Providers’ Perceptions of Responsibilities and Resources to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hewage Sumali S. , Singh Shweta R. , Chi Claudia , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Yew Tong Wei , Han Wee Meng , Yoong Joanne
Published: February 2018

IN BRIEF Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk for type 2 diabetes. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate health care providers’ perceptions of care responsibilities and resources related to reducing type 2 diabetes risk among women with previous GDM in Singapore. Health care providers acknowledged a shared responsibility. They felt that they had less understanding of compliance with long-term maintenance of lifestyle change, exacerbated further by fragmentation of follow-up care. The application of more integrated patient-centered care models, combined with greater health literacy, is urgently required in this area.
Scientific Performance Assessments Through a Gender Lens
Authors: Nielsen Matthias Wullum
Published: February 2018

The focus on excellence and quality assurance in the academy has spawned a significant increase in the use of bibliometric measures in performance assessments of individual researchers. This article investigates the organizational consequences of this development through a gender lens. Based on a qualitative case study of evaluation and selection practices at a Danish university, a number of potential gender biases related to the use of bibliometric performance measures are identified. By taking as default the research preferences, approaches and career paths of a succesful group of predominantly male scholars, evaluators using bibliometrics risk disadvantaging candidates diverging from the norm with implications for gender stratification. Despite these potential biases, bibliometric measures come to function as technologies supporting a managerial narrative of the gender-blind organization. They adhere to the prevailing ethos of the academic meritocracy by standardizing the criteria for organizational advancement and ensuring transparency and accountability in the selection process. While bibliometric tools in this sense may lead to the recruitment of scientists with a strong CV and track record, they may at the same time prevent many talented researchers diverging from the norm from being recognized and succeed as academics.
Nextille levelille? – Kohti seuraavan sukupolven sosiaalilääketiedettä
Authors: Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa
Published: February 2018

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