bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing components for seismic risk modelling using data from the 2019 Le Teil (France) earthquake
Authors: Trevlopoulos Konstantinos , Gehl Pierre , Negulescu Caterina , Crowley Helen , Danciu Laurentiu
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard and risk models are essential to improving our awareness of seismic risk, to its management, and to increasing our resilience against earthquake disasters. These models consist of a series of components, which may be evaluated and validated individually, although evaluating and validating these types of models as a whole is challenging due to the lack of recognized procedures. Estimations made with other models, as well as observations of damage from past earthquakes, lend themselves to evaluating the components used to estimate the severity of damage to buildings. Here, we are using a dataset based on emergency post-seismic assessments made after the Le Teil 2019 earthquake, third-party estimations of macroseismic intensity for this seismic event, shake maps, and scenario damage calculations to compare estimations under different modelling assumptions. First we select a rupture model using estimations of ground motion intensity measures and macroseismic intensity. Subsequently, we use scenario damage calculations based on different exposure models, including the aggregated exposure model in the 2020 European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20), as well as different site models. Moreover, a building-by-building exposure model is used in scenario calculations, which individually models the buildings in the dataset. Lastly, we compare the results of a semi-empirical approach to the estimations made with the scenario calculations. The post-seismic assessments are converted to EMS-98 (Grünthal, 1998) damage grades and then used to estimate the damage for the entirety of the building stock in Le Teil. In general, the scenario calculations estimate lower probabilities for damage grades 3–4 than the estimations made using the emergency post-seismic assessments. An exposure and fragility model assembled herein leads to probabilities for damage grades 3–5 with small differences from the probabilities based on the ESRM20 exposure and fragility model, while the semi-empirical approach leads to lower probabilities. The comparisons in this paper also help us learn lessons on how to improve future testing. An improvement would be the use of damage observations collected directly on the EMS-98 scale or on the damage scale in ESRM20. Advances in testing may also be made by employing methods that inform us about the damage at the scale of a city, such as remote sensing or data-driven learning methods fed by a large number of low-cost seismological instruments spread over the building stock.
Observing glacier elevation changes from spaceborne optical and radar sensors – an inter-comparison experiment using ASTER and TanDEM-X data
Authors: Piermattei Livia , Zemp Michael , Sommer Christian , Brun Fanny , Braun Matthias H. , Andreassen Liss M. , Belart Joaquín M. C. , Berthier Etienne , Bhattacharya Atanu , Boehm Vock Laura , Bolch Tobias , Dehecq Amaury , Dussaillant Inés , Falaschi Daniel , Florentine Caitlyn , Floricioiu Dana , Ginzler Christian , Guillet Gregoire , Hugonnet Romain , Huss Matthias , Kääb Andreas , King Owen , Klug Christoph , Knuth Friedrich , Krieger Lukas , La Frenierre Jeff , McNabb Robert , McNeil Christopher , Prinz Rainer , Sass Louis , Seehaus Thorsten , Shean David , Treichler Désirée , Wendt Anja , Yang Ruitang
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing approaches. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies.
Confidence as a Buffer Against Covid-19 Stigma: Enhancing Employee Engagement Among Recovered Individuals
Authors: Ashraf Fatima
Published: July 2024

Quality of work life (QWL) is important for individual and organizational success.  Post-pandemic times have brought the challenge of declined, yet continued Covid-19 cases among the working Pakistani population. Stigma due to Covid-19 and thus deteriorated QWL in such individuals is plausible. Hence, elucidating factors that enhance the possible damaged quality of work life among Covid-19 stigmatized individuals remains an essential question for managers and practitioners. Drawing on the Social Identity theory, we hypothesize that QWL is damaged in Covid-19 recovered, stigmatized working individuals through deterioration in self-esteem as such individuals are prone to influences from the societal groups that they psychologically identify with. We also argue that self-efficacy buffers this negative effect. Albeit several researches have probed into relations of QWL with stigma-related antecedents and moderation and mediation mechanisms that underlie these effect, but this study investigates self-esteem and self-efficacy as mediator and moderator, respectively, of the Covid-19 related stigma and quality of work life relationship through the lens of the Social Identity Theory. Employing a correlational framework using purposive sampling, we obtained data from 133 working individuals who had been tested positive with Covid-19 in public and private hospitals and health centers of Pakistan during November 2022 – November 2023, had completely recovered and joined their professional lives. Results confirmed study hypotheses, suggesting that stigma related to Covid-19 damages QWL, this relationship is mediated by self-esteem, while self-efficacy buffers the relationship between Covid-19 related stigma and self-esteem. Such individuals and their managers need to collaboratively work in order to reduce effects of this stigma, and undo its damaging effects on self-esteem and QWL. In this regard, boosting self-efficacy plays a supporting role as it acts as a coping mechanism in the inter-play between Covid-19 stigma, self-esteem, and QWL.
Civilizations at Odds: The Persistent Conflict Between Israel and Palestine
Authors: Mansab Maria
Published: July 2024

The question whether the issues in the Middle East stem from a clash of values or from Western imperialist intervention has long been a subject of scholarly discourse. This article posits around the discourse of ‘clash of civilizations’, which is an endeavor to uphold Western hegemony in the Middle East. Furthermore, it contends the narrative, that it functions as a self-fulfilling prophecy, exacerbating ongoing conflicts within the region. A complex interplay of factors encompassing ethnic, national, historical, and religious shapes the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The degree to which religion influences non-religious players, the identities of conflicting parties, the practical issues at hand, the relevant legislation, and their attitudes are not well acknowledged. This paper explains why West uses a distorted portrayal of conflicting civilizations as a powerful political tool and the risk of this narrative becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy that reshapes modern politics.
The Over-Politicization of Russian Battlefield Strategy in Ukraine
Authors: Haider Usman , Mehmood Dr. Nasir , Julian Schofield
Published: July 2024

The extant literature lavishes its focus on understanding Russia’s motivation for starting a war against Ukraine and on the broader question of the role of technology in determining the outcome of war. This article, however, undertakes a comprehensive examination of the relatively ignored yet important aspect of adapting military strategy during the war through Russian experience. It demonstrates that the Russian strategists have shown adequate appreciation for the principle of adaptation in formulating military strategy. To this effect, it identifies and explains three distinct sequential adaptations in the Russian military strategy during the ongoing Ukrainian war. The analysis, conducted with thoroughness and rigor, demonstrates that the Russian armed forces made a relatively quicker transition from the show of force to offense to defense. It also delves into the factors that drove these adaptations. This research has implications for both theory and policy. On the theoretical side, it reinforces the organic relationship between strategy and war. On the policy side, it highlights the importance of adapting military strategy to contain and limit the scope of war.
Meta-Analysis Study: Expectations of 21st Century Teaching from Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Kausar Huma , Dr. Fouzia Ajmal
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the expectations of 21st-century teaching from pre-service teacher education programs and to analyze the contemporary status of pre-service teacher education programs in developing 21st-century teaching skills among prospective teachers. The meta-analysis method was used to analyze previously conducted studies in the context of 21st-century teaching. The findings reveal that, to some extent, pre-service teacher education programs contribute to developing the 21st-century teaching skills by imparting theoretical knowledge, but there is a gap in the application of theory and pedagogical practices. Consequently, there is a pressing need to reconsider the pre-service teacher education programs to inculcate the essential teaching skills for 21st-century, such as collaborative learning, reflective thinking, social and emotional competencies, adaptive skills, communication skills, creativity and entrepreneurship skills, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and ICT skills for teaching and social networking.
O envelhecimento como fator agravante da Covid Longa: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pesce Giovanna Brichi , Covre Eduardo Rocha , Souza Flávia Cristina Sierra , Marques Francielle Renata Danielli Martins , Salci Maria Aparecida , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , Carreira Lígia
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura científica, os principais sintomas da Covid-19 Longa em idosos afetados pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, na qual foi adotada a estratégia PICo, com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Embase e BVS, durante o período de julho a agosto de 2022. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos primários conduzidos com idosos, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados de 2019 a 2022 e nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os critérios de exclusão foram: relatos de casos, casos clínicos, dissertações, teses, artigos já selecionados em outra base de dados e que não abordassem a questão da pesquisa. Resultados: Foram encontradas 1752 referências, das quais 16 foram incluídas na amostra final. Destas, 6,25% pertenciam à base de dados Embase, 12,50% à base Web of Science, 37,50% foram encontrados na base de dados BVS e 43,75% foram selecionados a partir da base de dados PubMed. Ademais, 62,50% foram publicados no ano de 2021 e 37,50% no ano de 2022. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os idosos podem apresentar uma variedade de sintomas relacionados à Covid-19 Longa, incluindo problemas respiratórios, cardiovasculares, de saúde mental e até mesmo cognitivos, os quais causaram amplos prejuízos à saúde dessa população.
L’Instabilité Résidentielle chez les Jeunes LGBTQ2+ : Une Exploration Intersectionnelle Quantitative
Authors: Duford Julie , Blais Martin , Gervais Jesse
Published: July 2024

Les jeunes lesbiennes, gais, bisexuel·les, trans, queers, bispirituel·les ou autres (LGBTQ2+) vivent davantage d’instabilité résidentielle que les jeunes cishétérosexuel·les. Si ce constat est bien connu, la variation des expériences d’instabilité résidentielle au sein des jeunes LGBTQ2+ reste moins documentée. Cet article présente une démarche intersectionnelle quantitative pour explorer les variations dans le vécu d’instabilité résidentielle auprès d’un échantillon pancanadien en ligne de 2266 jeunes LGBTQ2+ âgé·es de 15 à 29 ans. Les modèles de régression logistique réalisés sur les croisements du groupe racial avec l’identité de genre ou l’orientation sexuelle révèlent que les positions minorisées sur les axes du sexisme, du cissexisme, du monosexisme, du binarisme de genre et du racisme/colonialisme étaient davantage associées à un vécu d’instabilité résidentielle. Ainsi, les jeunes trans autochtones et les jeunes pansexuel·les autochtones étaient les plus susceptibles d’avoir vécu de l’instabilité résidentielle, alors que les hommes cisgenres blancs et les jeunes monosexuel·les blanc·hes l’étaient le moins. Aucun effet d’interaction multiplicative et additive n’a été observé lors de combinaisons d’un groupe racial avec une identité de genre ou une orientation sexuelle, suggérant que les impacts individuels de ces positions sociales sur le vécu d’instabilité résidentielle ont tendance à se cumuler sans toutefois s’influencer mutuellement. Ces résultats comblent une lacune dans les écrits scientifiques et peuvent informer les instances décisionnelles afin de prévenir l’instabilité résidentielle chez les jeunes LGBTQ2+.
Desinformación y memética: réplica y mutación del argumentario antivacunas en contenidos informativos
Authors: Sánchez-Olmos Cande , Rodríguez-Ferrándiz Raúl , Hidalgo Marí Tatiana
Published: July 2024

La desinformación sobre la vacunación es tan antigua como el origen de las vacunas que surgieron a finales del siglo XVIII, su alcance es transnacional y ha supuesto un reto no solo para el orden informativo, sino también para la salud pública, especialmente durante la pandemia de la Covid-19. A pesar de que las fake news difundidas por los antivacunas fueron desmentidas durante epidemias previas, las antiguas ideas contra la vacunación resucitaron en un ecosistema digital hipermedia que multiplicó la réplica de la desinformación, especialmente durante la pandemia. Se persigue conocer si existen características meméticas en la desinformación difundida por los antivacunas contemporáneos en una muestra de contenidos de desinformación tanto del siglo XIX como de la actualidad. Primeramente, se documenta el origen del movimiento antivacunas. Seguidamente se describen formatos y medios de difusión de desinformación desde el origen hasta la Covid-19. Finalmente, se extraen argumentos antivacunas del siglo XIX y se comparan con los actuales aplicando la teoría memética de Dawkins. Se concluye que las ideas antivacunas actuales contienen características meméticas de los argumentos del XIX que se han replicado en fake news, bulos, redes sociales y vallas publicitarias resucitando una desinformación que ha erosionado la credibilidad de la vacunación. Concretamente, el argumentario antivacunas es longevo, porque persiste con ideas similares en la actualidad, especialmente fecundo, por la capacidad de réplica que ofrece los medios digitales interactivos, pero menos fidedigno, porque las ideas antivacunas han mutado adaptándose al contexto social actual
“Si Dios ha muerto, no todo está permitido”. Una interpretación estética de los postulados kantianos.
Authors: Parra Lisímaco
Published: July 2024

Partiendo de la diferencia entre fundamentación y efectividad, establecida por H. Kelsen, interpreto la diferencia entre las preguntas “¿qué debo hacer?” y, “si hago lo que debo, ¿qué puedo esperar?”. Los postulados de la existencia de Dios y la inmortalidad del alma son interpretados como estrategias estéticas pertenecientes a la segunda pregunta. Una redefinición del concepto de felicidad implicaría la necesidad de construir nuevas estrategias, todas ellas claramente diferenciables del mandato moral.
La teología moral de Kant: ni ateísmo ni vindicación de la causa de Dios
Authors: Di Sanz Silvia del Luján
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo sostendremos que, en la obra crítica de Kant, el desplazamiento de la idea de Dios de su tradicional lugar de fundamento, desplazamiento efectuado por las tres Críticas, reubica la función de la idea de Dios en el interior de su filosofía, y justamente, por ello, Kant considera haber logrado que la sombra arrojada por el ateísmo dogmático sobre la metafísica tradicional no alcance a la filosofía crítica.  De modo que, el ejercicio crítico de la razón podría considerarse como el antídoto contra el ateísmo, sin embargo, a la vez, no tiene ningún efecto a favor del conocimiento de los designios divinos. El desplazamiento de la idea de Dios hacia la filosofía práctica y su consecuente ubicación en la teología moral vuelve inviable o, también, podríamos decir innecesario, para la filosofía, el proponerse asumir la de defensa de la causa de Dios. Nada de esto es sin problemas.
Deus in nobis: ética sin Transcendencia. Spinoza, Kant y Bonhoeffer
Authors: Espinosa Antón Francisco Javier
Published: July 2024

El capítulo quiere indicar y explicar que la autonomía es algo esencial en la vida moral, autonomía entendida como la inmanencia en nosotros del principio rector de nuestras acciones nacido de nuestro conocimiento y nuestras reflexiones.  Y esto lo hace de la mano de tres pensadores diferentes y distantes en el tiempo, Spinoza, Kant y Bonhoeffer, pero que tienen como denominador común cerrar el paso a las visiones religiosas que quitan la autonomía del hombre al promover una ética basada en la Transcendencia. Hay una cierta continuidad entre los tres: Kant se inspiró en Spinoza y Bonhoeffer en Kant. En los tres hay una ferviente defensa de la autonomía del hombre y una crítica de la religión que intenta invadir y neutralizar esa autonomía: solo sería aceptable una religión que aceptase la autonomía del hombre. Por eso, de alguna manera, en los tres está presente el giro Deus in nobis, que indica que nuestra razón moral es como Dios en nosotros.
Para una política otra de la teatralidad doctoral
Authors: Lara Ángel Luis
Published: July 2024

A partir de una experiencia doctoral vivida hace más de una década, el texto propone claves que pudieran presentar alguna utilidad para aquellas personas inmersas en procesos de doctorado. Con el propósito de rescatar algunos elementos de esa experiencia que resultaron excluidos, tanto por la razón académica como por el propio doctorando, entre los que destacan los efectos sobre la salud mental que se pueden llegar a producir o la teatralidad implícita en toda dinámica de doctorado, el texto plantea algunas preguntas críticas acerca de la posibilidad de una política doctoral otra que, entre otras cosas, pudiera contribuir a liberarnos de la pesadísima carga trascendental que suele afligirnos cuando nos embarcamos en un proyecto de doctorado.
Perindopril and losartan affect ACE-2 and IL-6 expression in obese rat model
Authors: Andrianto Andrianto , Hermawan Hanestya O. , Harsoyo Primasitha M. , Zaini Bagas SI. , Muhammad Akbar R.
Published: July 2024

Obesity has emerged as a worldwide health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Adipocytes have the ability to express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2) and several adipocytokines. These expressions could lead to the activation of a cytokine storm, which in turn promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of perindopril and losartan exposure on the ACE2 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in adipocyte cells. This study used an in vivo true experimental design utilizing a post-test-only control group. A total of 24 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, one group served as the non-obese (negative control), while the other three groups were obese: (1) the positive control (untreated obese rats); (2) perindopril group (2 mg/kg BW/day orally for 4 weeks); and (3) losartan group (20 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks). Afterwards, the rats were euthanized, and the visceral fat tissue were obtained during dissection. The levels of ACE2 and IL-6 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Losartan administration in obese rats resulted in a notable elevation in ACE2 levels compared to both the perindopril group (losartan vs perindopril, p=0.011) and the positive control (p=0.004). In addition, the treatment of perindopril and losartan in obese rats resulted in a significant reduction in IL-6 levels when compared to the positive control (perindopril vs positive control, p=0.020; losartan vs positive control, p=0.002, respectively). This study provides insight into the administration of perindopril and losartan, which could suppress the pro-inflammatory (IL-6) but increase the ACE2 levels in adipose tissue.
KARTUN SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AKHLAKUL KARIMAH ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Aziz Mursal , Napitupulu Dedi Sahputra , Siahaan Juliyanti
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kartun digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dalam membentuk akhlakul karimah anak usia dini. Studi ini dilaksanakan di TK Hatinia Barokah Desa Suka Ramai Kecamatan Kualuh Hulu Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Akhlakul karimah yang ditanamkan di TK Hatinia Barokah Desa Suka Rame, Kecamatan Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Utara adalah sikap religius, cinta lingkungan, cinta tanah air, jujur, peduli terhadap teman-teman, dan orang tua. Dalam pelaksanaan menanamkan sikap akhlakul karimah tersebut digunakan media dengan penayangan kartun Nussa dan Rara. Pemilihan media ini sangat tepat sebab mayoritas anak suka menonton dan menirukan apa yang mereka lihat. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran anak usia dini dengan menggunakan media kartun berhasil membentuk akhlakul karimah siswa.
Comparative Analysis on the Anti-Assignment Clause and Perfection of the Assignment of Receivables
Authors: Jon WooJung ,   Korean Civil Law Association
Published: July 2024

At the time of the enactment of the Korean Civil Code, the provision regarding anti-assignment clauses and perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties were referred to the Japanese Civil Code. However, in 2017, Japan significantly revised Article 466 of its Civil Code, which deals with the anti-assignment clause. The provisions of the Japanese Civil Code regarding perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties were referred to the French Civil Code when Japan enacted its Civil Code in 1896. However, France revised its Civil Code to adopt a written form requirement for the contract of assignment of claims (French Civil Code, Article 1322), and removed the requirement of notification to the debtor for perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties, so that perfection of the assignment against third parties is acquired at the time of the conclusion of the assignment agreement (French Civil Code, Article 1323). The German Civil Code, from the beginning, stipulates that perfection of the assignment against third parties is acquired at the time of the conclusion of the assignment contract, and notification to the debtor is not a requirement. Considering these global revision trends, it is desirable to consider revision of the Korean Civil Code regarding anti-assignment clauses and perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties.
As a proposed revision to the Korean Commercial Code, the introduction of a provision specifically dealing with receivables can also be considered. According to this proposal, for non-monetary claims, the assignment of claims would be void if the assignee is aware (or grossly negligent) of the anti-assignment clause, and the assignment would be valid if the assignee is unaware under the Korean Civil Code; and in the case of commercial receivables, the assignment of receivables would be valid regardless of whether the assignee is aware or unaware of the anti-assignment clause, thereby protecting the safety of transactions involving receivables under the proposed Commercial Code revision.
An analysis of overseas legislation shows that there are few examples of legislation that stipulate notification to the debtor as a requirement for perfection of the assignment of receivables against third parties. With France’s revision of its Civil Code, the Japanese Civil Code is almost the only example of such legislation. It is time for Korea to consider a revision that liberates the assignor from the obligation to notify the debtor in order to perfect the assignment against third parties. To alleviate the burden of notifying the debtor of the assignment of receivables, it is necessary to revise the Act on Security over Movable Assets and Receivables to include the assignment of receivables within its scope of application.
Durchgriffskondiktion im Anweisungsverhältnis
Authors: Paek Kyoung-II ,   Korean Civil Law Association
Published: July 2024

Im Anweisungsverhältnis wird die Durchgriffskondiktion abgelehnt. Denn eine eigene Forderungsberechtigung des Dritten war nicht gewollt. Ein Rechtsgrundmangel in der Deckungsverhältnis kann nur zum Bereicherungsausgleich unter den Partnern des Kausalverhältnisses führen. Jede direkte Rückforderung des Versprechenden von dem Dritten bedeutet ein Aufstören des Valutaverhältnisses. Dies gilt jedoch nicht, wenn keine legitime Sicherungsinteressen des Dritten betroffen sind, also ein unentgeltliches Geschäft (reine Schenkung, Versorgungsvertrag wie Lebensversicherungsvertrag) zugrunde liegt.
Sind beide Kausalverhältnisse nichtig und liegt in der Valutabeziehung eine entgeltliche Leistung vor, so ist die direkte Kondiktion hier ebenso zu versagen, wie wenn nur die Deckungsbeziehung mangelhaft ist. Dies sollte nicht nur für den Fall gelten, dass der Dritte seine Gegenleistung an den Vertragsempfänger bereits erbracht hat. Denn bei entgeltlicher Valutabeziehung ist die Interessenlage nicht mehr zu unterscheiden.
Bei Anerkennung einer Durchgriffskondiktion würden alle Vertragsparteien automatisch zu Bürgen der jeweils anderen Vertragspartei beitreten und unbeschränkt für die Gewähr für die Verletzung von mit zahlreichen Dritten abgeschlossenen Verträgen durch die andere Partei haften. Wenn diese Garantieverantwortung sogar durch eine mehrstufige Vertragskette endlos erweitert wird, wird eine vernünftige Vorhersehbarkeit von Haushalts- und Geschäftsrisiken für jede Wirtschaftseinheit praktisch verschwinden, und auch das moralische Risiko derjenigen, die versuchen, diese obligatorische Garantieverantwortung zu missbrauchen, sich erhöhen. Es ist wichtig, deutlich darauf hinzuweisen, dass die strikte Anerkennung der Durchgriffskondiktion in einem Dreipersonenverhältnis nötig ist, um diese unklare Kette zu durchbrechen.
Force majeure as a reason for exemption from default - Focusing on discussions in France -
Authors: KIM Gee Hwan ,   Korean Civil Law Association
Published: July 2024

The French Civil Code provides for strict liability and exemption from force majeure for damages resulting from non-performance. However, in practice, the cases of force majeure are expanded and interpreted to operate similarly to the non-performance liability principle. In French academic circles, there is also a strong view that force majeure, which is a ground for exemption from non-performance, is the same as no fault. The liability for damages resulting from non-performance is a variation of the original obligation, and the occurrence of the liability for damages is determined by the standards of the duty of care of the original obligation. On the one hand, imposing a good manager's duty of care, but on the other hand, saying that liability for damages arises if a higher duty of care is not fulfilled can be seen as a contradiction.
In particular, it should be noted that the degree of duty of care may be changed by law or agreement of the parties. It is not reasonable to ignore these changes and unconditionally require irresistibility, impose a very high duty of care, and pay compensation for damages if this is not done. Even our civil law is based on the duty of care of a good manager (Articles 374 and 681). However, in some cases, the duty of care could be seen as a duty of care towards one's own property. (Articles 695 and 922). In addition, the degree of duty of care may be strengthened by agreement between the parties through strict liability, or the degree of duty of care may be weakened by indemnification for non-performance of obligations due to negligence.
Uniformly in all cases, it is difficult to find a valid reason to impose a very high duty of care on the debtor, and force the debtor to perform the obligation unless performance is virtually impossible. If the debtor has fulfilled the duty of care or duty of good faith required by the provisions of the law or the agreement of the parties, it would be reasonable and appropriate to exempt the debtor from liability for damages even if there is a non-performance.
A Mixed-level Factorial Experiment to Elucidate the Impact of Inorganic Fertilizers on Crop Yield
Authors: U. P. Akra , E. E. Bassey , A. C. Etim , U. J. Umondak , A. I. Chiukpai , U. A. Akpan
Published: July 2024

Lack of nutrients in the soil affects soil fertility which can hinder the growth and yield of any crop. Therefore, soil amendment is important to improve soil nutrient either by organic or inorganic technique. In this paper, we considered different inorganic fertilizers to determine the main optimal effect and their interaction on the yield of crop by adoption of mixed-level factorial experiment. Three inorganic fertilizers namely Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) were considered each at different levels using tomato crop for investigation. We set up a multiple linear model to match with the design. We estimated the model parameters with the error component and sums of squares. A 2×3×4 design structure for factorial combinations—of factor N at two levels, factor P at three levels, and factor K at four levels using a randomized complete block design with three replications—was developed. Normality of the data was tested and factors visualization for both main and interaction effects were illustrated by the use of graphs. The result revealed that Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K) concentration are significant while Phosphorous (P) concentration is not, the effect of two-factor interactions for NP and PK are not significant and NK is significant, which signified that the yields do not depend on the levels irrespective of the factor. Based on the results, we concluded that phosphorus is the best inorganic fertilizer compared with Nitrogen and Potassium in terms of soil nutrient for the yield of crops.
RARE ANATOMIC VARIATIONS: AGENESIS OF LEFT MENTAL FORAMEN COEXISTING WITH TWO RIGHT MENTAL FORAMINA
Authors: Yovchev Dimitar ,   Department of Imaging and Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria., Mihaylova Hristina , Kirilova Janet , Deliverska Elitsa ,   Department of Imaging and Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.,   Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: July 2024

Knowledge about the proximity of important anatomical structures is crucial for all surgical interventions, including those in the lower jaw region. One of these important structures is the mental foramen, which transmits the mental nerve, whose branches provide sensory innervation to the chin, lower lip, and gingiva. The mental foramen variations can influence the effectiveness of the mental nerve anesthesia and can also be related to complications during surgical procedures such as implant placement, apicoectomy, vestibuloplasty, etc. We present a very rare case of agenesis of left mental foramen coexisting with two right mental foramina incidentally found in a patient examined by cone-beam computed tomography.
A case report of probable cortical basal ganglia degeneration misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Li Jing ,   Department of Neurology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China., Yu Miao , Lu Mengru ,   Department of Neurology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.,   Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Cortical Basal Ganglia Degeneration (CBD) is a relatively rare neurodegenerative change, because of the diversity of clinical features, it is easy to cause misdiagnosis.
Enhanced immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a healthcare professional with recurrent COVID-19 episodes: A case report
Authors: Zina Hakim ,   Occupational Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Published: July 2024

The present case highlights the possibility of multiple SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in highly exposed health care workers. The humoral immune response after natural infection seems to closely determine this phenomenon and to be boosted by vaccination in previously infected persons.
Pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of the fractures of the temporal bone styloid process
Authors: Sarazhyna Kateryna ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine.
Published: July 2024

The styloid process is a needle-like osseous projection beneath the temporal bone, typically measuring 2.5-3 cm. Its fracture is uncommon and mostly occurs in elongated processes, often due to trauma, dental procedures, or sports. This paper presents an unusual case of a normallength styloid process fracture in a 24-year-old serviceman, resulting from a mine explosion. The patient complained of intense headaches, and pain during yawning, swallowing, and head rotation. Examination revealed pain in the left pterygopalatine fossa, and decreased pharyngeal reflex on the left, and a CT scan showed brain contusion, subarachnoid haemorrhage and a linear fracture in the normal-sized left styloid process, with no displacement. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants led to symptoms improvement, and no fragment dislocation was observed in a follow-up CT. This report contributes to understanding the diagnosis of normal-length styloid process fractures, contrasting with the more reported elongated ones.
Acute emergence of a post-phacoemulsification inflammatory membrane: Ophthalmological enigma revealed
Authors: Amine Krichene ,   University Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This case reports the manifestation of a postoperative inflammatory membrane in a 75-year-old patient with a grade 3 corticonuclear cataract and pseudoexfoliations. The aim of this study is to discuss complications associated with pseudoexfoliations during cataract surgery and therapeutic approaches. Case report: The patient, a type 2 diabetic, presented with a bilateral decrease in visual acuity. Ophthalmological examination revealed pseudoexfoliations impeding pupillary dilation. After phacoemulsification with iris retractors, a postoperative inflammatory membrane developed in the right eye, leading to corneal edema, elevated intraocular pressure and reduced visual acuity. Discussion: Pseudoexfoliations complicate cataract surgery by limiting pupillary dilation, increasing the risk of complications such as capsular rupture or zonulopathy. The inflammatory membrane, which differs from cyclitic inflammations, probably results from an abnormal immune response to pseudoexfoliative material. Corticosteroids are used for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect, and surgery may be required in cases of resistance to treatment. Conclusion: Postoperative inflammatory membrane in patients with pseudoexfoliations during cataract surgery represents a serious complication requiring prompt recognition and appropriate corticosteroid treatment, underlining the crucial importance of early management to improve visual prognosis and reduce long-term complications.
A rare case of extra-parotid pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Chen Tsu-Ying ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Published: July 2024

A 56-year-old male patient presented to the Department of Otolaryngology with a gradually enlarging soft palatal mass on the right side over several months. Clinical examination revealed a non-ulcerated, dome-shaped, palatal swelling on the soft palate. The mass, measuring approximately 2x2 cm, was smooth, uninodular, firm, non-tender, and non-fluctuant, without involvement of adjacent teeth. No overlying ulceration or discoloration was observed. Computed tomography scan indicated a well-circumscribed solid lesion (2.3 x 1.9 x 1.7 cm) with no evidence of infiltration into surrounding soft-tissue structures, the pterygopalatine fossa, or palatine nerve foramina (Figure 1, arrow). The lesion was successfully resected through a transoral approach, easily dissected from surrounding tissue, and sparing the overlying mucosa (Figure 2). Pathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. The patient recovered well, and subsequent follow-up in the outpatient department revealed no signs of recurrent tumor.
Shingles without hutchinson sign developing herpes zoster ophthalmicus and preseptal cellulitis
Authors: Allongo Juan Serralles ,   University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Published: July 2024

A previously healthy 69-year-old man presented to an emergency room with a vesicular rash on his right forehead in line with shingles (herpes zoster) secondary to varicella-zoster virus. The patient was negative for the Hutchinson sign, a rash involving the tip of the nose or nasal ridge, which indicates an increased risk of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Only around 10-20% of shingles cases develop HZO, which is an emergent vision-threatening disease [1]. The patient reports history of chickenpox and denies any immunocompromising conditions [2]. He was sent home on a course of oral valaciclovir. Four days later he was brought to the emergency room with an enlarged, crusting rash encompassing the right side of his forehead to the eyelid with blurry vision and severe eyelid edema (Figure 1A). The rash was spread along the ophthalmic distribution of the trigeminal nerve completely within the V1 dermatome, indicating HZO.
High-resolution intraoperative infrared thermography for the functional imaging and tumor resection maximization of a low-grade glioma: Technical case report
Authors: Acioly Marcus Andre ,   Department of Surgical Specialties, Federal Fluminense University, School of Medicine, Niteroi, Brazil.
Published: July 2024

Currently, it is widely recognized the role of the extent of resection on overall and progression-free survival for gliomas surgery. Brain mapping and intraoperative image guidance are generally required to attain such an objective. Infrared Thermography (IRT) has a potential role in the identification of surgical margins, but it has not been consistently assessed in the literature. We aim to demonstrate the use of intraoperative IRT to detect superficial and deep tumoral margins of low-grade glioma, to identify adjacent functional motor cortex, and to maximize surgical resection in a 45-year-old lady with a long history of partial and secondary generalization seizures.
Using boom whackers in geriatrics: A pilot study on depression, anxiety and dementia
Authors: Wunner Christina ,   University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Germany.
Published: July 2024

ntroduction: Due to the corona pandemic starting in 2020 and the resulting rules for distancing and hygiene, boom whackers appeared as a good alternative to music therapy with singing and instruments. Aim and method: For this purpose, a total of 47 patients (33 female and 14 male) of a geriatric day clinic, aged 61 to 91 years (M=79.4 years, SD=6.06), took part in a pilot study. Group 1 consisted of cognitively unimpaired patients with mental health problems, group 2 included patients with dementia. Each of them received a 30 to 40-minute group musical intervention with the boom whackers twice a week. During the music-playing, a standardized behavioral observation was carried out; before and after the group therapy, the well-being as well as psychological and physical symptoms (anxiety, depression, pain) were assessed.
Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis in a patient with metastatic small cell lung cancer: A clinical case and literature review
Authors: EA Khachaturyan ,   Department of Health, Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Clinical Oncology Hospital No. 1” of the Moscow, Russia.
Published: July 2024

The emergence of immunotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer has become a breakthrough in the clinical practice of oncologists. Immunotherapeutic drugs include checkpoint inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor. However, their widespread use directly correlates not only with the rate of positive responses to therapy, but also with the rate of immune-mediated adverse events. The main mechanism of which is hyperactivation of T lymphocytes.
Refractory focal epilepsy as a rare clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sureshbabu Sachin ,   Fellowship in Epilepsy, Fellowship in Sleep Medicine, India.
Published: July 2024

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune multisystem disease with prominent neuropsychiatric manifestations. Neuropsychiatric features are seen early in the course of disease with seizures forming one of the most frequent manifestations of Neuro Psychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE). The mechanism of seizure is contemplated to be immune mediated. Both generalised and focal seizures are seen in SLE. They can sometimes be the only symptom marking the onset of disease in the absence of other commonly encountered clinical features of the disease. We report cases of two young females who were diagnosed and treated as drug resistant focal onset seizures with impaired awareness which later turned out to be NPSLE. Both patients showed dramatic response when initiated on immunotherapy. These cases highlight the importance of considering an immune mediated process when a young female presents with pharmacoresistant localisation related epilepsy.
The Role Of The Tourism Clusters In The Dynamic World Of Tourism
Authors: Livandovschi Roman , Iordache Silvia
Published: July 2024

The tourism sector is taking up the issue of local growth dynamics and is banking on a territorial organization inspired by clusters to develop destination development policies. A cluster can be defined as a geographically close group of interrelated enterprises and associated institutions in a given field, between which there are common elements and complementarities. This concept is now the subject of much research in tourism and inspires experiences of tourism destination development around the world. In scientific approaches, the concept of cluster highlights, on the one hand, the role of organizational proximities, built from spatial proximities in the dynamics of competitiveness of tourist destinations. On the other hand, tourism clusters are developing all over the world. The challenge of this article is therefore to show that the simple transfer of a scientific tool developed in the industrial context to the management of tourist destinations poses a problem. It must be enriched to understand the dynamics of local tourism development and acquire more operational efficiency. Special specific dimensions should in fact be taken into account, which will be addressed based on the process of co-production inherent in tourist activity, the dynamics of singular proximities in this field of tourism and the characteristics of the embeddedness of tourist activities in the territory. Finally, the authors propose a cluster model more suited to tourist destinations.
The Study On The Consumption And Quality Of Beer On The Consumer Market Of The Republic Of Moldova
Authors: Fedorciucova Svetlana
Published: July 2024

Beer is a low-alcohol drink. It is obtained by alcoholic fermentation of malt wort using brewer's yeast, and with the addition of hops. The purpose of the paper was studying the degree of compliance of the beer sold on the consumer market of the Republic of Moldova with the requirements of the Government Decision of the Republic of Moldova no. 473 and Law 279 on consumer information on food products. The research object was 7 types of beer (local and imported) purchased in different commercial networks and supermarkets of Chisinau. The analysis of the data obtained as a result of scientific research shows that out of 7 studied products, 4 correspond to the organoleptic and physic-chemical requirements according to HG 473 (Bohemian beer, Zlata Praha beer, Velkopopovicky Kozel beer, Velkopopovicky Kozel Cerny beer). The other 3 products showed deviations in foam height. At the same time, we note that the labels of all 7 products fully comply with the requirements of Law 279 (on informing the consumer about food products) and contain all the mandatory references.
Water Activity In Culinary Production
Authors: Calmâș Valentina , Tabunșic Olga , David Loredana
Published: July 2024

Water activity is a fundamental property of aqueous solutions, and by definition is the ratio of the vapor pressure of the water in the substrate to that of pure water at the same temperature. The concept of aw has been very useful in food preservation and on that basis many processes could be successfully adapted and new products designed. Water has been called the universal solvent as it is a requirement for growth, metabolism, and support of many chemical reactions occurring in food products. Aw has its most useful application in predicting the growth of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. The purpose of the research is to study the water activity in various culinary preparations, and to determine the influence of the thermal treatment used (frying, baking, boiling), the concentration of sugar and salt on the aw and the shelf life of the products. The research methods used were the following: the experimental method that was carried out with the LabSwift-aw device, manufactured in Switzerland, which has a precision of 0.01 and the bibliographic research of scientific sources and the comparison of the results obtained.