bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Blockchain Based Smart Application in Machine Learning
Authors: Wankhade Vijaya Ravindra
Published: November 2021

Abstract: In recent years, the emergence of blockchain technology (BT) has become a novel, most disruptive, and trending technology. The redistributed database in BT emphasizes data security and privacy. Also, the consensus mechanism makes positive that data is secured and bonafide. Still, it raises new security issues like majority attacks and double-spending. To handle the said problems, data analytics is required on blockchain-based secure knowledge. Analytics on these data raises the importance of arising technology Machine Learning (ML). ml involves the rational quantity of data to create precise selections. data reliability and its sharing are terribly crucial in ml to enhance the accuracy of results. the combination of those two technologies (ML and BT) provide give highly precise results. in this paper, present gift a detailed study on ml adoption we BTbased present applications additional resilient against attacks. There area unit varied ancient ML techniques, for example, Support Vector Machines (SVM), clustering, bagging, and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long STM (LSTM) are often used to analyze the attacks on a blockchain-based network. Further, we tend to embody however each the technologies are often applied in many sensible applications like unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), sensible Grid (SG), healthcare, and sensible cities. Then, future analysis problems and challenges are explored. At last, a case study is presented with a conclusion. Keywords: Blockchain, machine learning, smart grid, data security and privacy, data analytics, smart applications.
Typology of Verbal and Communicative Strategy
Authors: Baymurodova Laylo Qahramonovna
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the typology of speech and communicative strategy. Speech and communicative strategy is analyzed in terms of a pragmalinguistic, psycholinguistic, and cognitive approach. Methods of applying different communication strategies in different discourses are considered. The transition of communicative and speech strategies to communicative tactics according to the communication situation and the types of communicative tactics were analyzed using examples, as well as the definitions of research scholars were explained. Keywords: presentation, manipulation, convention, addressee, addresser, psycholinguistics, pragmalinguistics, cognitive linguistics, communicative tactics, communicative discourse, communicative tactics.
Amelioration of zinc deficiency in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through soil applied zinc in Typic Haplustepts soil of Rajasthan
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, India, Jat G. , Sharma S.K. ,   Directorate of Research, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, India, Meena R.H. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, India, Jain D. ,   Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, India, Choudhary R. ,   Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, India, Choudhary R.S. ,   Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, India, Yadav S.K. ,   ICAR-Network Project on Organic Farming, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, India
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study the amelioration of zinc deficiency in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through soil applied zinc in Typic Haplustepts soil of Rajasthan. Methodology: A two year field experiment was undertaken during Kharif 2016 and 2017 at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The treatments comprised application of Zn to soil @ 3 kg Zn ha-1, 4 kg Zn ha-1, 5 kg Zn ha-1 and 6 kg Zn ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Results: Application of zinc significantly (P=0.05) increased the number of nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, haulm yield, biological yield, nutrient (N, P, K & Zn) content and uptake, protein content, net return and B:C ratio in blackgram. Soil application of Zn@5 kg ha-1 significantly increased seed yield, haulm yield and biological yield by 72.53, 50.08 and 57.68 per cent over the control in pooled analysis, respectively. However, the effect of application of Zn@5 kg ha-1 on yield attributes, yield, nutrient content, uptake, quality and economics of blackgram was found statistically at par with the application of 6 kg Zn ha-1. Interpretation: The application of Zn@ 5 kg ha-1 along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (NPK) resulted in significantly (P=0.05) higher productivity, nutrient uptake, quality and profitability of blackgram under Typic Haplustepts soil of Rajasthan.
Effect of salinity changes on growth, survival and biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors:   Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna-800 014, India, Ahirwal S.K. , Das P.C. ,   Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater, Bhubaneswar-751 002, India, Sarma K. ,   Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna-800 014, India, Kumar T. ,   Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater, Bhubaneswar-751 002, India, Singh J. ,   Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna-800 014, India, Kamble S.P. ,   Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater, Bhubaneswar-751 002, India
Published: November 2021

Aim: The present investigation was conducted to access the effect of salinity stress on growth performance, survival and biochemical parameters of Gibelion catla under different salinity conditions with an idea to assess the potentiality of this species in inland saline affected areas. Methodology: A 30-day-experiment was conducted in 1000 l (n=10) FRP tanks to study the effect of different salinity levels on the growth and biochemical parameters of catla species. A total of 120 fish (10.4 g) was randomly distributed into four treatments (0, 3, 6 and 9 ppt) with three replicates. The water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen were recorded for each treatment on weekly basis, whereas fish sampling was carried out at 0th and 30th day of the experimental period to ascertain survival, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of the fishes from each treatment. Results: The highest growth rate was found in control subsequently in 3 and 6 ppt and the survival rate was 96.67, 83.33, 76.67 and 0% against 0, 3, 6 and 9 ppt, respectively. The red blood cells (3.65×106 μl) and haemoglobin concentration, (8.17 gm dl-1) were also higher in control fish, followed by 3 and 6 ppt. However, white blood cells (24.40×106 μl) and glucose level (123.23 mg dl-1) were higher at 6 ppt, compared to control. Plasma protein level of fish at control (0 ppt salinity) was significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 3 and 6 ppt salinities. Interpretation: The present investigation revealed that an increase in salinity level had a significant impact on the growth and physiology of Gibelion catla. However, this species can be reared in low saline areas for some time which will not only help in the utilization of salt affected areas but will also help in the generation of employment and income.
Bactericidal effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract on Helicobacter pylori
Authors:   Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida-201 313, India, Saxena A. , Arivaradarajan P. ,   Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida-201 313, India, Mukhopadhyay A.K. ,   Bacteriology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata-700 010, India, Nandi S.P. ,   Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida-201 313, India
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative, gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methodology: Extracts of neem leaf were prepared in different solventslike hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol. Antibacterial activity was estimated in terms of zone of inhibition by performing Agar cup diffusion assay. Depending on the diameter of zone of inhibition, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of neem leaves were selected for Thin Layer Chromatography. The presence of photochemicals were detected using iodine fumigation. Elution Assay was done to detect the bioactive components of the ethanol extract. Results: Out of sixsolvents used, ethanol extract of neem leavesshowed the maximum zone of inhibition against H. pylori. TLC separation of ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of plant products showed dark brown bands of phytochemicals on silica-gel G 60 plates. The contact bioautography assay showed a zone of 15 mm. Elution assay and agar cup bioassay was performed against H. pylori and the loading spot showed a zone of 11 mm. Interpretation: The findings of the present study revealed the anti-bacterial potency of ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative gastric pathogen H. pylori. The ethanolic extract of neem leaf can be used as an effective natural remedy in combating H. pylori infection.
ENVELHECIMENTO ATIVO: UMA ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA HIPERTENSÃO E DIABETES
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Almeida , Borges Fábio Jambeiro Santana , Dos Santos Fabiane Soares , De Carvalho Fernando Santos , Dieb Laís Leal , Dos Santos Júnior Pedro Basílio , Neves Nunes Sandra Adriana
Published: November 2021

O envelhecimento da população, a urbanização e a adoção de estilos de vida deletérios são os grandes responsáveis pelo aumento da incidência e prevalência do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e da hipertensão arterial (HA) em todo o mundo. Para minimizar as complicações advindas dessas doenças, medidas educativas são necessárias. O presente relato de experiência tem por objetivo descrever a implementação de um projeto de intervenção universitária, no qual foram desenvolvidas ações com foco na atenção ao cuidado integral, ao controle metabólico e à redução dos fatores de riscos associados às complicações do DM e HAS, em um grupo de idosos que reside num bairro periférico de Ilhéus, BA. A execução das atividades foi feita por uma equipe multidisciplinar formada de estudantes doBacharelado Interdisciplinar em Saúde da UFSB, no contexto do componente curricular de Práticas Interprofissionais em Saúde, em parceria com profissionais de Nutrição e Educação física, que atuam no NASF. Foram desenvolvidas ações educativas e de promoção de saúde, como exposições dialogadas, oficinas dinâmicas, orientação nutricional, mutirão de avaliação física, atividades recreativas (bingo e forró) e atividades físicas. A partir da avaliação feita, foi possível identificar que as limitações dos idosos no enfrentamento da HAS e DM são devidas às dificuldades de apropriação dos conhecimentos relativo à prevenção e ao tratamento dessas doenças, assim como seja devido à dificuldade de aderir de forma continuada ao tratamento farmacológico e não-farmacológico. Apesar destas limitações, a experiência advinda desse projeto de intervenção permitiu concluir que há grande motivação por parte dos idosos em continuar buscando conhecimento a respeito de temas relacionados ao estilo de vida e a saúde, fato que revela o impacto positivo das intervenções realizadas no bem-estar da pessoa idosa.
IMPACTOS DA INTERVENÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA EM IDOSOS COM COMPROMETIMENTO COGNITIVO LEVE
Authors: Leite Amanda De Oliveira Ferreira , Ferreira Ana Luiza Del Pino , Correa Bruna Garcez , Mello Janaíne De souza , Manquevich Marla , Portuguez Mirna Wetters
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da intervenção neuropsicológica em grupo na cognição, no estado psicológico e na qualidade de vida de idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve. Método: Estudo controlado, randomizado, cego ao avaliador. 78 idosos, divididos entre os grupos Neuropsicológico e Controle, foram avaliados por: entrevista semiestruturada, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Escala de Desenvolvimento Pessoal, WHOQOL-bref e WHOQOL-old. Resultados: Após a intervenção, o Grupo Neuropsicológico apresentou: melhora nos subtestes cognitivos e no escore total; redução na frequência de sintomas associados à ansiedade e à depressão; melhor bem-estar psicológico e qualidade de vida. A pesquisa aponta estratégias de intervenção úteis para melhora da condição geral desses pacientes e para reabilitação de áreas prejudicadas. Conclusão: Concluiu-se existir relação entre a intervenção neuropsicológica e a melhora no desempenho cognitivo, psicológico e qualidade de vida em idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve.
Echinoderm research perspectives: A Central American bibliometric review
Authors: Alvarado Juan José , Fabregat Malé Sònia
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Central America, a narrow strip of land dividing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, has a high diversity of marine and terrestrial species. Echinoderms are one of the most diverse marine groups with 420 reported species. Objective: To summarize echinoderm research in Central America. Methods: We compiled the literature from SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Internet Archive and the Smithsonian Library. Results: We found 324 publications dating from 1840 to 2020; the early studies had a strong taxonomic focus, but after the 1970s, ecology, evolution and reproduction gained prominence. Echinoidea is the most studied class (38% of publications) due to its use in evolutionary studies as well as the importance of the genus Diadema in reef ecology and dynamics. Conclusion: We recommend more research on fisheries management, conservation and environmental education; and greater integration of local and international research.
Distribución altitudinal de la riqueza y diversidad de aves en turberas de altura, Costa Rica.
Authors: Gastezzi Arias Paola , Martínez Araya Daniel , Jones Román Gabriela
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Las turberas de altura juegan un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad y funcionamiento de los procesos ecológicos locales. En Costa Rica, la información sobre la riqueza y diversidad de aves en turberas de altura es escasa. Objetivo: Analizar la distribución altitudinal de la riqueza y diversidad de aves en turberas de altura. Métodos: Muestreamos cuatro sitios entre 2 400 y 3 100 m de altitud. Establecimos tres puntos de observación en cada sitio, separados por 100 m. El muestreo incluyó la estación seca, transición a lluviosa, lluviosa, y transición a seca (setiembre de 2018 a setiembre de 2019). El horario de muestreo fue entre las 06:00 y las 09:00 y utilizamos dos métodos: recuento de puntos y búsqueda en área. Resultados: Identificamos 75 especies (25 familias, 11 órdenes), en ocho turberas. Encontramos la mayor diversidad (H '= 3,12) y riqueza de aves (49 especies observadas y 56 esperadas) en turberas a 2 400 m de altitud, y la menor a 2 600 y 2 800 m. Encontramos que el 43% de las especies en todos los gradientes son endémicas, el 34% residentes de y el 14% migrantes latitudinales. Conclusiones: La gran diversidad de aves en estas turberas de altura demuestra que son ecosistemas necesarios para la supervivencia y mantenimiento del endemismo local. Recomendamos monitorear las aves a largo plazo para detectar cambios en las comunidades de aves, particularmente con el cambio climático actual.
(Non)Parallel developmental pathways to vertebrate appendage reduction and loss
Authors: Swank Samantha , Sanger Thomas , Stuart Yoel
Published: November 2021

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article:
(Non)Parallel developmental mechanisms in vertebrate appendage
reduction and loss , which has been published in final form
at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8226. This article may be used for
non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions
for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

Appendages have been reduced or lost hundreds of times independently
during vertebrate evolution. This suggests that selection routinely
favors appendage reduction. How often are the same developmental and
genetic pathways used during loss by independent lineages? We reviewed
the developmental and evolutionary literatures of appendage reduction in
12 genera spanning fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We found that
appendage reduction and loss resulted from modified gene expression in
each case but one. However, the genes for which expression was modified
were rarely shared. Our findings suggest that adaptive loss of complex
traits might proceed relatively easily through changes in gene
expression along multiple developmental pathways.
Transforming Criminal Justice Internships into Capstone Courses: A Response to the Challenges of the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Shine Beau , Brown Kelly
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 resulted in the declaration of a national emergency that closed universities across the nation. With no warning, faculty were required to move classes from face-to-face to completely online instruction. This situation posed many difficulties, but particularly for faculty who were teaching and supervising students completing internships. Interns were removed from their internships abruptly as agencies and departments moved to essential personnel only. Faculty scrambled to create online learning experiences that met academic learning outcomes and the goals of criminal justice students enrolled in these courses. This paper details our experiences with these challenges, particularly as we revised criminal justice internship courses and developed capstone courses to replace face-to-face internship experiences. While the challenges we faced involved criminal justice internships, they were not unique to the major, and the approaches taken and lessons learned are likely applicable to a host of disciplines.
A Holistic Ecosystem-Based Approach to Ecological Protection and Green Development: The Case of Huangshan in the People’s Republic of China (ADB Brief 189)
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Fan Mingyuan
Published: November 2021

中华人民共和国安徽黄山新安江生态保护和绿色发展项目在项目设计中运用了创新和开拓性的管理方法。该项目引入了现代概念和技术，其中最为显著的是两种结果导向型绿色融资工具，即（1）向采用了改善后的农场管理措施的农民提供现金补助；和（2）针对开展绿色业务的企业进行股权融资。上述基金建立在现有的生态补偿计划之上。其他措施包括推进海绵城市建设、引入城市雨水污染管理低影响开发项目，以及打造一个智能环保、健康、安全管理系统平台。
Odonata species diversity, distributions, and status in a rare sand prairie-savanna wetscape
Authors: Bried Jason T.
Published: November 2021

Inland sand areas scattered across the North American eastern deciduous forest and western tallgrass prairie ecotone are known for supporting pyrogenic early-successional vegetation and specially adapted terrestrial faunas. Many of these globally and regionally rare systems contain functionally connected wetland networks (“wetscapes”) potentially important for aquatic insects. Sampling adults, nymphs, and exuviae in a remnant sand prairie-savanna wetscape in Illinois, USA, I assessed odonate species diversity (alpha, gamma, beta), distributions (spatial, temporal, abundance), and rarity status. In one field season (12 sites, 12 visits) I found more than a third of Illinois odonate species and close to half of the state’s lentic breeding odonates, including a new state record (Erythemis vesiculosa). Richness averaged 25.8 species per site, reducing to 12.4 species with removal of nonbreeding occurrences. Three sites including a shrub swamp, beaver pond, and forested vernal depressions complex made significant contributions to beta diversity, dependent on general versus breeding occurrences. Majorities of Anisoptera species (70%) and Zygoptera species (53%) bred at three or fewer sites. Eight species flew during all or most of the study period (late May to early October) whereas 14 species were detected on a single survey. Status classification derived from the observed spatial, temporal, and abundance distributions resulted in 24 common or very common species, 20 uncommon or rare species, and 10 vagrants across the wetscape. These context-specific classifications may be combined with diversity and breeding patterns and other information in wetscape prioritization schemes.
Disrupción tecnológica y democracia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Arocena Felipe , Sansone Sebastián , Alvarez Nicolás
Published: November 2021

En el año 2019, el sociólogo Manuel Castells afirmó categóricamente que la democracia liberal agotó su recorrido histórico y, citando unos versos de Octavio Paz, expresó: "No lo que pudo ser:/es lo que fue /Y lo que fue está muerto". En este trabajo reflexionaremos sobre este diagnóstico en base a cinco preguntas interrelacionadas. ¿En qué medida la democracia liberal está siendo afectada por la actual aceleración tecnológica informacional? ¿Existe realmente una crisis democrática? ¿Qué lecciones pueden aprenderse a partir del suceso de Cambridge Analytica? ¿Será posible manipular los sentimientos: hackear humanos? ¿Cuáles son los caminos disponibles a futuro?.
Silence as a Metaphor in the Polish Radio Reportages during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wójciszyn-Wasil Aneta
Published: November 2021

Silence became one of the important aspects of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses how this social experience was presented in radio reportages, for which silence is not only a topic but also an element of the construction of the message. The reports of the Polish Radio, produced in lockdown conditions, document silence in a double perspective: the transformation of the broadcast sphere of large metropolises and the private sound space of the characters. Silence, as a phonic phenomenon, functions as a universal metaphor for fear, threat, “curse of isolation,” but also hope. Experiencing silence goes beyond the individual feeling thanks to a metaphoric line through which the recorded stories gain a universal context. The analysis of audible materials shows the mechanism of the constitution of these meanings, as well as selected media functions of silence as a tool for modelling content and managing the recipients’ attention.
Non-Normative Gender Performances Fat Video Game Characters
Authors: Waszkiewicz Agata
Published: November 2021

While video games unquestionably became more diverse and inclusive in the past decade, there is still a striking underrepresentation of characters whose bodies do not conform to the heterosexist concept of normativity, including those perceived as fat. My article begins with the introduction of fat studies as the interdisciplinary field concerned with the ways media construct fat people as unattractive, undesirable, and asexual. Next, it discusses how these prejudices are reflected in a medium in which fat has been historically coded as villainous and monstrous. The last part includes two case studies of positive fat representation: Ellie from the mainstream gameBorderlands 2(Gearbox Software 2012) and the eponymous character from the independent titleFelix the Reaper(Kong Orange 2019). Their gender performances are coded equally as non-normative.
5G and Digital Sovereignty of the EU: The Slovak Way
Authors: Gábriš Tomáš , Hamuľák Ondrej
Published: November 2021

Some recent views question the concept of sovereignty (especially the sovereignty of states), arguing that sovereignty is to be abandoned as a historical concept, because it existed in the world of the Westphalian system (created after 1648), where states were the major players, centers of power and objects of interest. Instead, we suggest that sovereignty should be perceived again as a “supreme power” (summa potestas), meaning a return to the pre-Bodinian concept of sovereignty and perceive it as a “power to exert control”. With regard to cyberspace, this does not mean direct control of all entities in the cyberspace, but only those that provide services which are perceived as “essential” or “critical” for the security and interests of the state. That is actually the approach taken with regard to ensuring the safety of 5G networks—through control imposed on the network operators, as required by the respective EU legislation and the EU Toolbox on 5G Networks specifically.
The Polish Experience in the Development of Smart Cities
Authors: Kisała Magdalena
Published: November 2021

In recent years, Poland has seen an increased migration of people to cities, which translates into significant urban population growth. This, in turn, raises new challenges in the performance of cities’ tasks and responsibilities. Additionally, climate changes and the depletion of natural resources necessitate the modification of existing urban practices. Polish cities seek solutions which would enable social, economic and environmental demands to be reconciled so that urban spaces become friendly for the city’s inhabitants and investors. Some Polish cities have applied the smart city concept to solve their problems. Despite the fact that the concept has been the subject of scientific research for many years, no universal definition of the smart city has been agreed upon. Analyzed assumptions of the smart city concept as well as the Polish experiences in the implementation indicate that the concept is dynamic and changes over time. It should be considered as a perpetual process unrestricted by a specific timeframe. This impedes the formulation of uniform, generally accepted assumptions of the concept since its existence is inscribed in the change related to urban development. This article claims that this would be a beneficial approach for formulating the general characteristics of the smart city that could be applicable to any city, and that could be employed regardless of the present challenges cities may face.
Legal Engineering of the Anti-Abuse Rule in ATAD: Architecture of the Regression Tree Model
Authors: Künnapas Kaido
Published: November 2021

Every taxable arrangement is subject to an anti-abuse test. Abusive arrangements are treated as not valid for tax purposes, which is similar to the treatment of artificial arrangements in civil law. The European Union has introduced in its Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive a general anti-abuse test which must be transposed into the domestic laws of Member States. Such a test has its inner structure, consisting of an elimination and requalification stage, while the elimination stage entails genuineness and a tax benefit test. The general anti-abuse test has a great potential (or scalability when speaking in the language of start-ups) of being automated and integrated into different legal application processes (such as taxpayer self-assessment systems, transactions certified by public notary or merger and acquisition deals) to discover debt push down abuses or other arrangement structures which may have abusive content. While the best method for create a reliable algorithm is a decision tree type model, the inner ambiguity of the general anti-abuse test prevents using the full benefits of automation of tax laws. The purpose of this article is to design a decision tree type model for the test and address the main challenges of such a model, both from the perspective of the clarity of concepts and the quality of input information such an engine would use.
Data Protection in Law Enforcement and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters
Authors: Funta Rastislav , Ondria Peter
Published: November 2021

The redesign of data protection in the police and judicial area is intended to create uniformity at the European level for the citizens of EU Member States. This scientific article analyses the subject of data protection in law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The focus is primarily on the existing provisions and the latest developments of the EU with regard to Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. The international level with regard to data protection in the police and judicial area and possible changes due to the developments in data protection under European law are also examined in more detail.
Personal Data Protection in the Decision-Making of the CJEU Before and After the Lisbon Treaty
Authors: Pavelek Ondřej , Zajíčková Drahomíra
Published: November 2021

Personal data protection is one of the important areas of the EU’s operation and the general public is especially aware of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). However, personal data protection has been an issue in the EU for a long time. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) plays a major role in personal data protection as their function is to interpret EU law and thus also EU legislation related to personal data protection. Until now, research papers have tackled specific issues related to interpreting EU legislation or analyses of specific decisions made by the CJEU. However, no comprehensive empirical legal study has been published so far which would evaluate the decision-making of the CJEU in the area of personal data protection using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Therefore, no analysis has been carried out to determine how many decisions of the CJEU have been related to personal data protection, how their number has increased, or which participants and from which areas have participated in the proceedings. The results of the analysis presented here can be used as a basis for studying the future development of the CJEU’s decision-making in the area of personal data protection in relation to digitization and especially to the COVID-19 pandemic, which undoubtedly has contributed to a significant increase in online communication, posing new challenges towards a more efficient personal data protection in the online world.
Investigating the Critical Success Factors for Water Supply Projects: Case of Iraq
Authors: Al-Juboori Omar Akrm , Rashid Hatim A. , Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof
Published: November 2021

Water supply projects (WSP) requires high plan information, specialized capabilities, capable human resources, and high administrative capacity. However, in the developing countries, particularly in Iraq, these projects experience a lack of a large number of these necessities, which shows the need to identify the critical success factors (CSFs). Accordingly, the objectives of this research are to investigate the CSFs for WSP and their significance among the construction (public and private) and education sectors. To achieve this, first we have carried out a comprehensive literature review of the CSFs for WSP. Second, we administrated a questionnaire survey to 260 construction experts working in the construction and education sectors. It was found that the top five important success factors for water supply projects in Iraq were a stable political environment; sustainable construction legislation and regulation; effective risk management practices; well-organized and committed project teams; and government decisions through the project life cycle. The survey results did not indicate major differences in the perception of the experts. The findings are focused to assist construction practitioners’ gain better understanding on the important areas to achieve project set objectives.
Analysis of Geogrid Reinforced Structures with a Passive Facing System Using Different Computational Methods
Authors: Sulovska Monika , Stacho Jakub
Published: November 2021

The article deals with designing and analysing a wrapped geogrid reinforced structure (GRS) with a passive facing system. The analysis has been done using analytical calculation and numerical modelling. The analytical calculations were executed using FINE Geo5 geotechnical software, and numerical modelling was executed using Plaxis 2D software. The analysis is focused mainly on comparing tension forces in geogrids and the stability of the reinforced embankment determined using both computational methods. The deformation analysis was done only using numerical modelling. The numerical modelling allowed for a more detailed analysis of the wrapped GRS. Each construction phase was modelled step by step according to an actual construction procedure. Two complex road embankments supported by GRS were modelled and analysed. The first model consisted of three GRS, which not affected each other. In the second model, the GRS at each side of the embankment influenced each other. The analysis results showed that tension forces in geogrids, determined using both computational methods, can differ significantly from each other. The stability of the reinforced embankment determined using numerical modelling was within the range of 0.87 – 1.22 of the stability determined using analytical calculation. The numerical modelling results showed that the final horizontal deformation of the passive facing is about 2.8 – 3.8 times smaller than the deformation of the wrapped GRS, which occurs during the construction of the embankment.
Analysis of a Fire in an Apartment of Timber Building Depending on the Ventilation Parameter
Authors: Iringová Agnes , Vandličková Dominika
Published: November 2021

In modern buildings are also currently used the wooden-based construction systems. A wide range of uses the timber constructions in apartment buildings is a vision of the countries of the EU. The use of timber and the other recyclable materials in apartment buildings creates the precondition for the implementation, operation and disposal of environmental impacts of the EU 2020 Strategy. In the long term is important to transform the construction of buildings to a sustainable standard, which the application of wood in construction supports. Currently, the fire height of timber-based residential construction in most EU countries is limited to 5 storeys, provided that the timber structures are fire-protected. This paper deals with the influence of the ventilation parameter in the time and the intensity of the gas temperature during a fire in a model of an apartment building with a timber load-bearing structure. The load-bearing structure is made of CLT panels, with a mixed structural unit, i.e. with fire-resistant cladding of all load-bearing and fire-dividing structures. FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator - PyroSim software) is used for dynamic simulations of fire in the model apartment.
The Behavior of Strip Footing Resting on Soil Strengthened with Geogrid
Authors: Al-Jeznawi Duaa , Al-Azzawi Adel A.
Published: November 2021

The soil in Iraq has a low load carrying or bearing capacity and high deflections or settlement because of the applied loads. The use of strip footing as a foundation to support different kinds of heavy structures has become necessary nowadays through solving such problems by using geogrid. This soil improvement technique is widely used all over the world. In this paper, the bearing capacity and settlements were calculated using finite elements and analytical models for strip footing resting on different kinds of soil. The study parameters are footing rigidity, the number of layers in a geogrid, the dimension of geogrid, and spacing of geogrid layers. According to the findings, the geogrid improved the bearing ability of the footing and reduced settlement. The optimum geogrid dimension was three times the footing width, and three geogrid layers were optimum. The changing in footing rigidity also affects the stress and settlement behavior.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Materials Performance During their Life Cycle Based on Accelerated Pavement Testing
Authors: Ďurinová Michaela , Kozel Matúš
Published: November 2021

The characteristics of asphalt concrete materials (ACM) composing the surfacing layer of a bituminous pavement must fulfil a requirement to maintain a level of operational capability demanded by national standards of a given country. ACM’s are a subject to significant stress caused by traffic load and climate conditions, this leads to changes in their physico-mechanical properties. The loss of physico-mechanical properties causes deterioration of road surface characteristics. Since these changes occur throughout the ACM’s life cycle, it is necessary to know the deterioration curves related to loading and time in mathematical terms, i.e. functions describing the initiation and progression of pavement’s defect in time. Pavement Performance Models (PPM) ascertained by non-destructive testing are used to objectively express the surface properties of pavements and their deterioration. The methodology consists of an analytical method to ascertain physico-mechanical characteristics of ACM’s and the use of experimental accelerated pavement testing (APT) facilities.
Family factors and personality factors affecting daily SNS usage in individuals aged 14-19 years
Authors: Pawłowska Beata , Dyzma Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In recent years, social networking sites (SNS), such as Facebook, Twitter or Instagram have gained immense popularity and have become an essential part of many people’s everyday lives. In Poland, 19 million people, i.e. about a half of the whole population, are active SNS users.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship of family and personality factors with daily SNS usage time in adolescents aged 14 to 19 years.

Participants: The study included 291 junior-high and high school students aged 14–19 years. In this sample, 246 individuals had an SNS profile.

Methods: The following instruments were used: an Inquiry Form designed by the present authors, Gough and Heilbrun’s Adjective Check List, the Coping with Stress Questionnaire by Janke, Erdmann and Boucsein and the Buss and Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory.

Results: Based on correlation coefficients, significant associations were found between increased daily SNS usage and negative relationships with parents, maladaptive coping, and increased aggression.

Conclusions: 1. Participants who spent more time using SNS were more likely to feel lonely in their families and have a sense of not being accepted and understood by their parents.

2. Young people who spent more time using SNS were more likely to respond to a stressful situation with a sense of helplessness and resignation and to cope by downplaying their problems and seeking substitute gratification or support.

3. Young people who spent more time using SNS were more likely to respond with indirect aggression, negativism, suspicion, hostility and verbal aggression.
The Importance of Echocardiography Assessment in Coronary Patients Subject to Cardiovascular Recovery Programs
Authors: Vasilcu Teodor Flaviu , Drugescu Andrei , Roca Mihai , Platon Razvan , Gavril Radu , Zota Mădălina , Bararu Iris , Gavril Irina , Mitu Florin
Published: November 2021

Cardiovascular diseases cause approximately one-third of deaths worldwide and an increasing number of individuals with non-fatal ischemic heart disease live with chronic disabilities and impaired quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation is designed to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiac illness, reduce the risk for sudden death or re-infarction, control cardiac symptoms and enhance the psychosocial and vocational status of selected patients.

The study group included a group of 78 patients who had a coronary event no more than 3 months ago and who are included in cardio-vascular recovery programs. The patients were echocardiographic evaluated at the first admission and later at 6 months. The evolution of the patients was a favorable one, being objectified an increase of both the ejection fraction of the left ventricle, as well as an improvement of MAPSE and TAPSE.
Peripheral Neuropathy: A Practical Guide for Internists
Authors: Chitimus Diana M. , Jurcuţ Ciprian , Pleșa Cristina-Florentina
Published: November 2021

Diagnosing peripheral neuropathy is essential for the majority of clinical specialties, as it often reveals systemic underlying diseases that are rarely purely neurological. The patient’s history and thorough clinical examination represent the foundation of an early diagnosis. For internal medicine practitioners, it is important to consider common causes at first and search for diabetes, alcoholism or vitamin B12 deficiency, whilst following a diagnosis algorithm that encompasses cues to less popular aetiologies such as systemic vasculitis or paraproteinemia. Prior to requesting nerve conduction studies or further investigations, a few characteristics of peripheral neuropathy should be sought: onset, symmetry, distribution and function impairment (either sensory or motor). Given its interdisciplinary nature, peripheral neuropathies are managed via tight collaboration between the specialist and the internist. Although symptomatic treatment for painful neuropathy is available, treating the underlying disease is fundamental.
Grid-Tied Neutral Point Clamped based Centralised Photovoltaic Inverter with Improved DC Link Voltage Balancing and Harmonic Minimisation Control
Authors: Bhowmick Supratik , Mukherjee Debranjan , Maiti Suman , Chakraborty Chandan
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes an improved space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based DC link voltage balancing control of a three-phase three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) centralised inverter supplying the generated power from photo voltaic (PV) array to a three-phase utility grid. Two possible schemes have been developed based on the power conversion stage between PV array and the utility grid namely, two-stage (three-level boost converter three-phase three-level NPC inverter) and single-stage (three-phase three-level NPC inverter alone). The comparison between these two schemes has been thoroughly discussed in terms of the control strategies employed, power loss analysis and efficiency. The performance of the centralised inverter under different modes of operation has been investigated by developing the required control strategies for smooth operation. Using the proposed control strategy, the centralised inverter can be operated as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) during night time, if needed. The power loss incurred in the power-electronic converters has been analysed for constant and also for variable ambient temperature. The effectiveness of the centralised inverter as an active filter (AF) has also been verified when a three-phase non-linear load is considered in the system.
Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Material Based on Red Clay and Silica Gel Precursor
Authors: Bumanis Girts , Vaiciukyniene Danute
Published: November 2021

The search for alternative alumosilicates source for production of alkali activated materials (AAM) is intensively researched. Wide spread of natural materials such as clays and waste materials are one of potential alternatives. In this research AAM was made from local waste brick made of red clay and calcined low-carbonate illite clay precursor and its properties evaluated. Waste silica gel containing amorphous silica from fertilizer production plant was proposed as additional raw material. 6 M and 7 M NaOH alkali activation solutions were used to obtain AAM. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyser, DTA/TG. Raw illite clay was calcined at a temperature of 700 to 800 °C. Waste brick was ground similar as raw clay and powder was obtained. Replacement of red clay with silica gel from 2–50 wt.% in mixture composition was evaluated. Results indicate that the most effective activator was 6 M NaOH solution and AAM with strength up to 13 MPa was obtained. Ground brick had the highest strength results and compressive strength of AAM reached 25 MPa. Silica gel in small quantities had little effect of AAM strength while significant strength reduction was observed with the increase silica gel content. The efflorescence was observed for samples with silica gel.
Peran Media Sosial Instagram dalam Membangun Kesadaran berdonasi di Lazis Darul Hikam
Authors: Fazrin Ditha Nurul , Sukoco Iwan
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the social interaction of Lazis Darul Hikam and the community through Instagram social media and to find out the role of social media Instagram in building awareness of donation in Lazis Darul Hikam. The research uses symbolic interaction theory to photograph how people interact using social media, define the meaning of the symbols conveyed and ultimately lead to actions in this case giving donations. The method used is a qualitative method, the donor Lazis Darul Hikam, an active user of Instagram, is an informant in this study. The results showed that social media has the following roles: (1) Instagram is a medium for inter-institutional interaction with the community to introduce programs and reporting media, (2) Instagram social media is also able to build awareness of donations by collecting funds obtained through social media.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi sosial Lazis Darul Hikam dan masyarakat melalui media sosial Instagram serta untuk mengetahui peran media sosial Instagram membangun kesadaran berdonasi di Lazis Darul Hikam.  Penelitian menggunakan teori interaksi simbolik untuk memotret bagaimana masyarakat berinteraksi menggunakan media sosial, mendefinisikan makna dari simbol-simbol yang disampaikan dan akhirnya bermuara pada perbuatan dalam hal ini memberikan donasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, donatur Lazis Darul Hikam pengguna aktif Instagram menjadi informan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa media sosial memiliki peran sebagai berikut: (1) Instagram menjadi media untuk berinteraksi antar lembaga dengan masyarakat untuk memperkenalkan program dan media pelaporan, (2) Media sosial Instagram juga mampu membangun kesadaran berdonasi dengan terkumpulnya dana yang didapatkan melalui media sosial
Pengaruh Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kusir Andong di Kawasan Malioboro, Yogyakarta
Authors: Ciptosari Dewi Candra , Sianipar Jesica Widuri , Lestari Putri , Khoirudin Syarif , Ningsih Elfa Rustantia , Wardhani Puspita Indra
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism sector in Yogyakarta. This article aims to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Kusir Andong in the Malioboro area. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a total of 54 respondents with a random sampling technic.  This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has a serious impact on the Kusir Andong's economy. There was a decrease in the income of the Kusir Andong up to 70%. This condition then forced the Kusir Andong to switch professions and reduce their horse care portion.AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan pada sektor pariwisata di Yogyakarta. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kusir Andong yang ada di kawasan Malioboro. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 54 orang dan dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandemi covid-19 berdampak serius pada perekonomian Kusir Andong. Terjadi penurun penghasilan Kusir Andong hingga 70%. Kondisi ini kemudian memaksa Kusir Andong untuk beralih profesi dan mengunrangi porsi perawatan kuda yang mereka miliki.