bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise anual do ofuscamento causado pela luz natural em salas de aula universitárias
Authors: Monteiro Larissa Arêdes , Souza Roberta Vieira Gonçalves de , Castro Maria Luiza Almeida Cunha de
Published: August 2024

La consideración de la variabilidad de la luz del día y de la dirección visual del usuario en estudios acerca del deslumbramiento son deficiencias en estudios actuales. El presente estudio buscó entonces analizar la ocurrencia del deslumbramiento en aulas universitarias, teniendo en cuenta estas variables y proponer la mitigación de su ocurrencia utilizando como objeto de estudio el Centro de Actividades Didácticas de Ciencias Exactas 3, UFMG. Se realizó simulación de luz natural basada en el clima, utilizando el complemento ClimateStudio para Rhinoceros, considerando las perspectivas de estudiantes y profesores. El análisis se realizó tanto sin como con la presencia de película en el vidrio, según lo exige la normativa. Se consideró deslumbramiento crítico cuando el Spatial Disturbing Glare (sDG) ≥ 0,38 en 5% del tiempo, en al menos 5% de las vistas y 25% del suelo. A pesar que la película controlaba el deslumbramiento, se propusieron nuevos sistemas para mayor calidad visual. En el caso con película y ventanas cerradas, se encontró sDG nulo. Con ventanas abiertas, se encontró sDG de hasta 6,6%, indicando que la ocurrencia de deslumbramiento en situaciones reales de uso puede ser mayor que la indicada normativamente. Se constató que nuevos dispositivos redujeron la probabilidad de deslumbramiento del 68% al 98%, preservando la vista. Se considera fundamental observar anualmente la ocurrencia del deslumbramiento y la variabilidad de la dirección visual para una comprensión profunda de la dinámica de los espacios iluminados naturalmente, aportando análisis para respaldar el diseño de estos espacios con mayor calidad
Substrate Characterization and Outcomes of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Compagnucci Paolo , Dello Russo Antonio , Gasperetti Alessio , Schiavone Marco , Sehrawat Ojasav , Hasegawa Kanae , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Liang Jackson J. , Kapa Suraj , La Fazia Vincenzo Mirco , Bogun Frank , Stevenson William G. , Tondo Claudio , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Tandri Harikrishna , Santangeli Pasquale , Natale Andrea , Casella Michela
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in cardiac amyloidosis is uncommon, and the substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation are not defined.

METHODS:

We included 22 consecutive patients (mean age, 68±10 years; male sex, 91%) with cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR [transthyretin], n=16; light chain, n=6) undergoing catheter ablation for VT/ventricular fibrillation (VF) between 2013 and 2023 in a retrospective, observational, international study. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent VT/VF during follow-up, while the primary safety end point included major procedure-related adverse events.

RESULTS:

The indication for ablation was drug-refractory VT in 17 patients (77%), and premature ventricular complex–initiated polymorphic VT/VF in 5 patients (23%). Catheter ablation was performed using endocardial (n=17.77%) or endo-epicardial approaches (n=5.23%). Complete endocardial electroanatomical voltage maps of the left and right ventricles were obtained in 17 (77%) and 10 (45%) patients, respectively. Each patient had evidence of low-voltage areas, most commonly involving the interventricular septum (n=16); late potentials were recorded in 16 patients (73%). A median of 1 (1–2) VT was inducible per patient; 12 of the 26 mappable VTs (46%) originated from the interventricular septum. Complete procedural success was achieved in 16 patients (73%), with 4 (18%) major procedure-related adverse events. After a median follow-up of 32 (14–42) months, sustained VT/VF recurrence was observed in 9 patients (41%); survival free from VT/VF recurrence was 56% (95% CI, 36%–86%) at 36-month follow-up, and most patients remained on antiarrhythmic drugs. A significant reduction in per patient implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies was noted in the 6-month period after ablation (before: 6 [4–9] versus after: 0 [0–0];
P
<0.001). In multivariable analysis, complete procedural success was associated with reduced risk of recurrent VT/VF (hazard ratio, 0.002;
P
=0.034).

CONCLUSIONS:

Catheter ablation can achieve control of recurrent VT/VF in more than half of patients with cardiac amyloidosis, and the reduction in VT/VF burden post-ablation may be relevant for quality of life. Septal substrate and risk of procedure-related complications challenge successful management of patients with cardiac amyloidosis and VT/VF.
Femoral Large Bore Sheath Management: How to Prevent Vascular Complications From Vessel Puncture to Sheath Removal
Authors: Paraggio Lazzaro , Bianchini Francesco , Aurigemma Cristina , Romagnoli Enrico , Bianchini Emiliano , Zito Andrea , Lunardi Mattia , Trani Carlo , Burzotta Francesco
Published: August 2024

Transfemoral access is nowadays required for an increasing number of percutaneous procedures, such as structural heart interventions, mechanical circulatory support, and interventional electrophysiology/pacing. Despite technological advancements and improved techniques, these devices necessitate large-bore (≥12 French) arterial/venous sheaths, posing a significant risk of bleeding and vascular complications, whose occurrence has been related to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, optimizing large-bore vascular access management is crucial in endovascular interventions. Technical options, including optimized preprocedural planning and proper selection and utilization of vascular closure devices, have been developed to increase safety. This review explores the comprehensive management of large-bore accesses, from optimal vascular puncture to sheath removal. It also discusses strategies for managing closure device failure, with the goal of minimizing vascular complications.
UAV Visual Tracking with Enhanced Feature Information
Authors: Zhao Shuduo , Chen Yunsheng , Yang Shuaidong
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) visual tracking is an important research direction. The tracking object is lost due to the problems of target occlusion, illumination variation, flight vibration and so on. Therefore, based on a Siamese network, this study proposes a UAVs visual tracker named SiamDFT++ to enhance the correlation of depth features. First, the network width of the three-layer convolution after the full convolution neural network is doubled, and the appearance information of the target is fully utilized to complete the feature extraction of the template frame and the detection frame. Then, the attention information fusion module and feature deep convolution module are proposed in the template branch and the detection branch, respectively. The feature correlation calculation methods of the two depths can effectively suppress the background information, enhance the correlation between pixel pairs, and efficiently complete the tasks of classification and regression. Furthermore, this study makes full use of shallow features to enhance the extraction of object features. Finally, this study uses the methods of deep cross-correlation operation and complete intersection over union to complete the matching and location tasks. The experimental results show that the tracker has strong robustness in UAVs short-term tracking scenes and long-term tracking scenes.
Pre - Extension Demonstration of Alternate Furrow Irrigation for Better Water Management Technologies at Dugda District
Authors: Shelemew Zelalem , Husen Dulo , Ambomsa Anbese
Published: August 2024

The agricultural sector is the main consumer of fresh irrigation water so any effort to improve WUE in this sector gets a lot of attention so, raising WUE through improved of modern irrigation techniques and increasing the capacity of soil output complementary to make better employ of irrigation water and saving water for other uses. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the most effective water-saving techniques and improve the water use efficiency of irrigated onions under limited agricultural water availability for better water management technologies. The treatment consists of conventional furrow irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation method with full crop water requirement in three replications on two farmers. Crop water requirement was estimated using actual daily climatic data. The result showed that conventional furrow irrigation method was the highest bulb yield and yield components when compared to alternate furrow irrigation method. Alternate furrow irrigation method produced total yield of 18.73 t/ha which was not significantly different with that obtained under every furrow irrigation (220.6 Qt/ha). It was also found that yield reduction may be low compared to the benefits gained by diverting the saved water to irrigate extra cultivated land. The result showed that decreasing WP with increased irrigation water from 50% crop water requirement (ETc) from alternate furrow irrigation (5.68 kg m-3) to conventional furrow irrigation 100% Etc (3.6 kg m-3). Increasing water deficit from 100 to 50% ETc led to an increase of onion WP up to 75%. For increasing marketable bulb yield of onion under no water stress scenario, irrigation of onion with conventional furrow irrigation methods could be used. However, under limiting irrigation water resource condition, irrigation of onion could be done with alternate furrow irrigation method to maximize water use efficiency of onion for similar agro-ecology and soil type.
Problems of Development of Transport and Road Transport Infrastructure of Andijan City
Authors: Baynazarov Khayrullo , Xasanboy Sotvoldiyev
Published: August 2024

As a result of the acceleration of the urbanization process, the increase of megalopolis cities, and the growth of the population, the demand and need for public transport is increasing every year. This, in turn, requires improving the quality of public transport service, improving its culture, adapting it to today's times and conditions. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan told the officials of the field to fundamentally reform public transport, to develop public transport in the districts and cities of our country, to meet the needs of the regions, to organize transport infrastructure, to take a scientific approach to transport and logistics issues, in particular, to study foreign experience, to hire modern personnel for the field. set the tasks of training and recruitment. Public transport is essential for ensuring equitable access to transportation, reducing traffic congestion, protecting the environment, promoting social interactions, shaping urban development, and providing economic benefits. It is crucial to invest in and prioritize the development of high-quality public transport systems to address our transportation needs sustainably and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities. This article presents tasks on improving the public transport system in Andijan agro-development are presented.
Outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy in Patients Who Underwent Keratoplasty
Authors: Al-Sahaf Esra , Aljindan Mohanna
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patients who underwent corneal transplantation, and to determine the influencing factors. Methods: The present study was a retrospective chart review research that was conducted at Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital between 2014 and 2017. Results: Seventy-nine eyes were included in the study. The mean BCVA showed an improvement of two lines post-PRK as compared to that before PRK (0.73 ± 0.1 and 0.54 ± 0.2, respectively). There was a statistically significant decrease in the cylindrical value postoperatively as compared to that preoperatively (−2.15 ± 1.4 and−3.25 ± 1.8, respectively; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in spherical equivalent and sphere. Three eyes (4%) developed postoperative complications. There was a medium positive correlation between residual stroma and achieved spherical equivalent (SE) (r = 0.305, p = 0.006), as well as between optical zone and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (r = 0.350, p = 0.001), in addition to post SE (r = 0.307, p = 0.006). However, the depth of ablation showed a medium negative correlation with achieved SE (r = −0.375, p = 0.001). Conclusion: PRK may be an option for correcting refractive errors in patients who underwent keratoplasty. The optical zone and residual stromal thickness have a positive correlation with the effects of the outcomes, whereas the depth of ablation has a negative correlation with the outcomes.
Cost-Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban Compared with Other Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation in Public Sector of Malaysia
Authors: Lee Kenneth , Zheng Charles , Lim Jing-Sheng , Choon June
Published: August 2024

Despite the amount of research performed, the cost-effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in subpopulations with different risk factors for stroke has been very little studied. This study aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of the DOACs available in Malaysia in preventing stroke in different subpopulations from a government perspective. An existing Markov model was adapted to assess the cost-effectiveness of the DOACs that are available in Malaysia namely, apixaban (AP), dabigatran (DA) and rivaroxaban (RV). Each was compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in stroke prevention in different patient subpopulations including chronic kidney disease (CKD), high-age, diabetes (DM), and prolonged hospital stay. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) benchmarked against the local threshold for cost-effectiveness. The total cost of VKA, AP, DA and RV was Malaysian Ringit (RM) RM9,811 (1USD=RM4.76), RM16,858, RM18,318 and RM20,161 respectively. The quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained compared with VKA were 6.11, 6.09 and 6.15 respectively. The ICER when compared with VKA at base case was 57,539, -90,682 and 68,156 respectively. AP had the most favourable ICER at base case. RV had the best ICER compared to AP and DA in patients with CKD and DM at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 1-GDP. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that RV was consistently the most favourable DOAC under a threshold of 2-GDP for all subpopulations. These findings suggested that rivaroxaban has the most favourable ICER in the CKD and DM patient subgroups for stroke prevention among the DOACs available in Malaysia at a threshold of 2-GDP.
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Staphylococcus Aureus - Induced Itch in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Lagaros Theodoros , Broshtilova Valentina , Yungareva Irina , Velevska Yoanna , Trenovski Alexander , Marina Sonya
Published: August 2024

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disorder marked by inflammation, erythema, and pruritus, often beginning in childhood and characterized by exacerbations and remissions. Its etiology involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen, exacerbates atopic dermatitis by producing toxins and enzymes such as the serine protease V8, which activates the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) on sensory neurons, inducing itch. This mechanism highlights potential therapeutic targets for alleviating pruritus. Research into the physiological pathways of itch, including the role of PAR1 and other protease-activated receptors, reveals promising strategies for treatment. PAR1 antagonists could be repurposed to treat chronic itch, providing new therapeutic avenues. PAR1 and other protease-activated receptors, is crucial in developing new treatment strategies. Anti-pruritic therapies targeting these pathways, such as PAR1 antagonists, show promise in mitigating itch symptoms. Moreover, existing drugs that inhibit PAR1 could be repurposed for treating chronic itch, providing a new avenue for relief in patients with atopic dermatitis. Additionally, the evolutionary role of itch induced by microorganisms suggests pathogens may exploit neural reflexes to enhance their spread. Advancements in understanding the mechanisms behind S. aureus-induced itch and the physiological pathways involved offer promising new directions for therapeutic intervention. Advancements in understanding the mechanisms of Staphylococcal aureus-induced itch and associated physiological pathways offer promising directions for therapeutic intervention, potentially improving management and treatment outcomes for patients with atopic dermatitis and other pruritic conditions.
The Question of Moral Education: Reading Selected Bangla and English Folktales
Authors: Rahman Md.
Published: August 2024

Moral education is a type of education that distinguishes between right and wrong and determines human behaviour. In other words, moral education is an educational programme that focuses on moral and ethical values. The folktales' moral education aims to prepare the audience to be responsible, respectful, and resilient citizens who will contribute to the development of society, the nation, and the world at large. This study classifies moral themes and investigates their educational impact by conducting a qualitative content analysis of selected Bangala and English folktales. The study finds that each folktale incorporates some moral education, which is necessary in all aspects of human society. Folktales from the oral literary tradition play an important role in imparting moral education that includes historical, cultural, and religious ideologies and values. Folktale performances convey the moral values imbued in folktales to both children and adults. Folktale performance has been a part of human culture since time immemorial. The stories told in a pleasant ambience not only entertain, but also teach children moral lessons and values that will help them become better members of society. The folktale genre aims to educate children by instilling moral values, socialisation, behavioural changes, psychological development, and spiritual upliftment. The study concludes proving that these folktale-based lessons teach children human qualities like hard work, courage, love, sympathy, forgiveness, respect for elders, patriotism, tolerance, heroism, truthfulness, fraternity, and religiosity, among others. Furthermore, these folktale performances also highlight social vices such as pride, envy, wrath, theft, hatred, wickedness, ingratitude, injustice, disobedience, and dishonesty, which typically lead to retribution and nemesis.
Management of Distal Phalanx Intraarticular Comminuted Fracture of Small Finger with Zone I Flexor Tendon Avulsion: A Case Report
Authors: Benjamin Wharton , Madeline Labor , Patrick Johnston
Published: August 2024

Distal phalanx fractures are a common injury in both athletes and civilians. These fractures can differ greatly in severity and treatment indications depending on the size, location, and stability of the fracture in addition to appreciation of any bony comminution. Tendon avulsion in conjugation with a fracture complicates treatment and outcomes further. The classification system for these fractures have been well classified to include Type I, II, II, and IV with IV having subtypes. More recently, Type V has been added to the classification system. Designated as a comminuted distal phalanx fracture with flexor digitorum profundus avulsion, this Leddy-Packer type has two subgroups: namely, comminution without intra-articular involvement (Va) and comminution that includes the articular surface. We report the case of a 42-year-old female presenting with injury to the distal phalanx of the right small finger sustained after her dog ran away from her as she held the collar, exerting significant force in opposition to her flexed fingers. Upon exam and following appropriate imaging, her injury was defined as a Leddy and Packer Type Vb jersey finger injury. This was effectively treated with open reduction, internal fixation of the comminuted distal phalanx base and avulsion fragment. A notably rare injury, Leddy-Packer Type Vb distal phalanx avulsion injuries must be treated in a case-by-case basis, but open reduction internal fixation with plating proves an appropriate and effective means of repair in the correct patient.
Case Report: Radiofrequency Pulsed Therapy for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia with Associated Syncope
Authors: Jia Wang , Xiaoqian Yu , Jun Li
Published: August 2024

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is characterized by paroxysmal, severe, and lancinating pain at the base of the tongue and throat on one side, often radiating to the oropharynx or ear. The intensity of the pain can be debilitating and, in severe cases, may be accompanied by potentially life-threatening conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and syncope, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. The incidence of GPN is low, and there is limited clinical awareness and understanding of the condition, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis. In recent years, pulsed radiofrequency has emerged as an effective and minimally invasive treatment modality for the management of GPN. We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient with recurrent glossopharyngeal neuralgia accompanied by syncope. The patient tested positive for the topical application of local anesthetics, and cranial nerve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed compression of the right glossopharyngeal nerve by a small blood vessel. Both 24-hour Holter monitoring and video electroencephalography (EEG) showed no abnormalities. In addition to treatment with carbamazepine and pregabalin, the patient's pain as well as syncope resolved after two sessions of CT (ComputedTomography)-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Clinicians should be aware of the rare clinical occurrence of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope. PRF is a measure of safe and effective which could be considered the first choice for minimally invasive therapy.
Adoption of Coffee Technologies: A Multivariate Probit Model
Authors: Temesgen Megdelawit , Debeb Sisay
Published: August 2024

The sector of agriculture in Ethiopia is a source of livelihood for over 80% population residing in rural areas. It contributes about 50% to the national value of production. The country has huge potential to increase coffee production as it endowed with suitable elevation, temperature, and soil fertility, indigenous quality plantation materials, and sufficient rainfall in coffee growing belts of the country. Adoption of improved coffee varieties and recommended coffee management practice together have a significant effect on annual coffee production. The study was aimed to see the adoption rate and intensity of coffee technologies which are improved coffee Varity and coffee management practice, determinant of adoption of coffee technologies in Jima zone south western Ethiopia. A total of 196 sampled households from three woreda in the zone and 430 plots of 196 farmers household is considered in the survey. The study develops a multivariate probit model econometric model of farmers' choice of combination of coffee technologies. And two primary results were found. First, adoption rate and intensity of Improved coffee variety is greater than adoption of coffee management practice. Secondly adoption of coffee technologies determined by many institutional, resource and other related factor. This implies that policy makers and other stakeholders promoting a combination of technologies can enhance coffee yield through reducing production costs and decreasing coffee vulnerability to disease.
The Effect of Stress on the Academic Performance of School-Going Adolescents in Central Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: Ntem Anthony
Published: August 2024

The current study aimed to examine the effect of stress on the academic performance of school-going adolescents. For this study, a sample of 60 adolescents ranging in the age group of 12 to 19 years were randomly selected from five secondary schools (J. J. Roberts United Methodist School, Monrovia College, William V. S. Tubman High School, St. Peter Lutheran High School and College of West Africa) in Central Monrovia. The research instrument used by the researcher was a questionnaire. The questionnaire combines both quantitative (closed-ended questions and qualitative (open-ended questions) data. The instrument used to generate data was the questionnaire titled: The effect of stress on the academic performance of school going adolescents (ESAPSGA). Data obtained as responses were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for quantitative data and Nvivo for the qualitative data. The findings of this study show that stress has a big effect on how well students in Central Monrovia, Liberia do in school. Results showed that the sources of academic stress include schoolwork (exams, assignments, and grades), bullying from friends, family problems, and money issues. It affects students negatively through depression, distraction, and panic attacks, which leads to poor academic performances as they responded in the questionnaires administered. Results also showed that the majority of school-going adolescent manage stress by listening to music, followed by talking to a friend/ family or parent about the problem. Based on the findings and conclusions of this research, the following recommendations are made: 1. School managements should organize stress reduction programs such as sport clubs and activities for students. 2. School managements should have a school counsellor so that students can get access to counseling services that include music therapy. 3. School management should create a nurturing and empathetic school environment.
Factors Associated with Indoor Residual Spraying Programme Effectiveness in Mutare City, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyoweshumba Maxwell , Mhlanga Maxwell
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease causing fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. If untreated, it can lead to severe complications and death (CDC, 2016). Recently, Mutare city recorded malaria cases after local transmission was confirmed in 2017. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) was implemented, but coverage decreased during the 2018/2019 IRS season, prompting a study in ten randomly selected locations. The study aimed to identify knowledge gaps, preferred alternatives to IRS, the influence of competing events, and household ownership on IRS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 260 participants was conducted using proportional allocation for the study locations. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions. Results: Participants were mostly female (67%) and aged 31-60 years (50%), with vending being the top livelihood (52%). Only 38% always used bed nets, 24% owned houses, and 76% were tenants. IRS reservations included time consumption (11%), preference for other interventions (9%), landlord objections (22%), livelihood pressures (14%), labour intensity (15%), exposure of secrets and poverty (12%), distrust of the team (8%), and property damage (9%). Bed nets were preferred over IRS. Conclusion: Challenges in conducting IRS included knowledge gaps needing health education sessions, which faced attendance issues due to competing events. More strategic health education and bed net deployment were recommended.
Exceptionally Strong Equatorial Intermediate Current Events in the Indian Ocean Associated with Climate Modes
Authors: Zhong Qingwen , Chen Gengxin , Chen Ju
Published: August 2024

Knowledge of the effects of climate modes on the equatorial intermediate current (EIC) remains limited. This paper investigates exceptional events of the EIC in the Indian Ocean and their relationships with climate modes at various time scales by using observations, reanalysis outputs, and a continuously stratified linear ocean model (LOM). A mooring at 80°E from 2015 to 2019 revealed four exceptionally strong EIC events, occurring in 2015 July–August (JA), 2016 January–February (JF), 2016 JA, and 2019 JF. Component analysis revealed that these exceptional events are attributed to the co-occurrence of the seasonal components peaking during JF and JA, as well as the larger current anomalies associated with intraseasonal and interannual components. In the intraseasonal band, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) generates a significant EIC anomaly through a 40–50-day process involving equatorial waves. The MJO exerts a substantial effect when the amplitude of the MJO index exceeds 1 and the oscillation is in phase 4. In the interannual band, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) can each independently contribute to the EIC anomaly. This contribution initiates during the mature phase and persists throughout the subsequent year. Concurrent occurrences of these effects can lead to larger interannual anomalies. Notably, El Niño–positive IOD (El Niño–pIOD) and La Niña–negative IOD (La Niña–nIOD) synergies are most pronounced in August and in January of the following year.

Significance Statement

Four exceptional equatorial intermediate current (EIC) events characterized by strong eastward velocities are observed in the Indian Ocean during 2015–19. This study explored their underlying dynamics and their relationships with climate modes. Climatologically, the EIC has seasonal cycles with peaks in January–February and July–August, which is helpful in producing exceptional EIC events. However, the occurrence of these events is attributed to the intensity of the intraseasonal and interannual variability that occurs around the seasonal cycle peaks. This study revealed that climate modes, including the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), contribute to exceptional EIC events in the intraseasonal and interannual bands. Notably, their influence is comparable, albeit contingent upon specific conditions.
The physical health and premature mortality of Indigenous Māori following first-episode psychosis diagnosis: A 15-year follow-up study
Authors: Monk Nathan J , Cunningham Ruth , Stanley James , Crengle Sue , Fitzjohn Julie , Kerdemelidis Melissa , Lockett Helen , McLachlan Andre D , Waitoki Waikaremoana , Lacey Cameron
Published: August 2024

Background:

People experiencing psychosis are at greater risk of physical health conditions and premature mortality. It is likely that Indigenous Māori youth, who experience additional systemic inequities caused by settler-colonisation, face even greater physical health and mortality risks following a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis.

Objective:

Compare Māori and non-Māori for risk of hospitalisation and mortality for up to 15 years following first-episode psychosis diagnosis.

Methods:

A cohort ( N = 14,122) of young people (16–24 years) with first-episode psychosis diagnosis between 2001 and 2019 were identified. Using crude Kaplan–Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, Māori ( n = 5211) and non-Māori ( n = 8911) were compared on hospitalisation and mortality outcomes for up to 15 years.

Results:

In the 15 years following first-episode psychosis diagnosis, Māori had higher adjusted risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = [1.01, 1.45]), hospitalisation with diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = [1.15, 1.79]), injury/poisoning (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = [1.05, 1.16]), general physical health conditions (hazard ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = [1.02, 1.13]) and also appeared to be at greater risk of cardiovascular hospitalisations (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = [0.97, 1.86]). Kaplan–Meier plots show hospitalisation and mortality inequities emerging approximately 4–7 years following first-episode psychosis diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Māori are at greater risk for hospitalisation and premature mortality outcomes following first-episode psychosis. Early screening and intervention, facilitated by culturally safe health service delivery, is needed to target these inequities early.
Temporary temporariness? The (mis)use of tactical urbanism from the ‘open city’ framework
Authors: Bråten Lina Naoroz
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses how Tactical Urbanism aligns with the principles of the ‘open city’ framework. The ‘open city’ is often theorised as the urban condition that best welcomes diverse and flexible use of a city’s public spaces. However, the nature of the planning system at its core is to control and predict urban development, thereby effectively reinforcing the principle of a ‘closed city’ with more fixed and rigid forms. One counter-reaction to the ‘closed city’ is the Tactical Urbanism movement, which applies principles of simple, low-cost, and often temporary public space interventions to achieve and accelerate change. Such interventions can create more ‘open’ and inclusive urban environments, enabling diversity and flexibility. However, Tactical Urbanism is applied in multiple forms by different actors with varying intentions and goals. In this paper, I question the role of Tactical Urbanism in congruence with the theoretical framework of the ‘open (and vibrant) city’, drawing attention to how tactical interventions are used to brand new development projects. Doing so, I ask if Tactical Urbanism can be (mis)used merely as ‘temporary temporariness’ to serve top-down planning strategies, resulting in the ‘closed city’.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) Instrument
Authors: Alptekin Gizem , Ciray Nazmiye , Basoglu Ozen K. , Weaver Terri E.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Determining the self-efficacy perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has a key role in health care practices. With further evaluation, the Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) could serve as a useful scale to develop specific interventions to increase self-efficacy in patients with OSA during the acceptance and maintenance of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to translate the SEMSA into Turkish and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translation.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of patients recently diagnosed with CPAP-naïve OSA. Linguistic and content validity of the scale were evaluated, while exploratory factor analysis and 2-level confirmatory factor analysis were used for validity. Internal consistency and test-retest methods were used in reliability analyses.

Results:

The mean (SD) age of the patients with OSA was 51.36 (11.29), and 68% were male. The item factor loads obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis ranged from 0.44 to 0.94, confirming the three-factor structure of the instrument. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.90. Measurements made within the scope of test-retest analysis were found to be related and consistent results were obtained in the intervening time ( P < .01).

Conclusions:

In this study, the Turkish version of SEMSA was found to be a valid and reliable tool and it could be used to evaluate the adherence-related cognition in Turkish patients with OSA on CPAP therapy.
Book review: Ranjana Saha, Modern Maternities: Medical Advice about Breastfeeding in Colonial Calcutta
Authors: Chaudhary Swapnil
Published: August 2024

Ranjana Saha, Modern Maternities: Medical Advice about Breastfeeding in Colonial Calcutta (London and New York: Routledge, 2024), xvi + 274 pp.
Effect of increasing the proportion of high-alumina iron ore on structures and properties of sinter produced in iron ore blending sintering process
Authors: Hou Jian , Zhang Jian , Yan Zhiming , Yang Xuke , Wu Hongyan , Huang Xiaobo , Bai Chenguang , Zhang Shengfu
Published: August 2024

Facing the consumption of high-grade iron ore, high-alumina iron ore emerges as a potential alternative for steel companies aiming to cut costs and address resource shortages. This study systematically investigated the impact of increasing the proportion of high-alumina iron ore on sintering performance through sinter pot tests. The detailed microstructural and morphological analyses of the produced sinter phase, combined with the results of thermodynamic calculation on liquid phase formation, elucidated the transformation mechanism of the sinter properties in varying alumina content. The results show that the yield and quality of sinter undergoes a crucial shift at 2.35% content of Al2O3, where yield, drum index, and low-temperature reduction degradation index reach their lowest, indicating a severe degradation. Al2O3 content up to 2.53% proves beneficial for improving sinter reduction index. The major phases found in all resultant sinters by X-ray diffraction are hematite, magnetite, silicate, spinel, and silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA). Increasing Al2O3 content transforms SFCA from acicular to columnar, while porosity exhibits an increasing and then decreasing trend. It is found that the shape of SFCA and porosity are the main factors affecting the quality of sinter. The research findings are helpful to promote the efficient application of high-alumina iron ores in blast furnace ironmaking.
Dialysis nanocomposite membranes based on carbon nanoforms inhibiting blood plasma protein adsorption
Authors: Wójtowicz Dominika , Kurpanik Roksana , Nguyen Ngoc Dominika , Wessley-Szponder Joanna , Stodolak-Zych Ewa
Published: August 2024

Background:

Protein adsorption on medical devices in contact with blood is a significant issue during renal replacement therapy. Main forces determining fouling are the electrostatic interactions between membrane and charged protein, but the dialysis membrane surface charges can be adjusted by modifying the polymer matrix to decrease the blood plasma protein adsorption.

Methods:

In this study, polysulfone membranes (PSU) were modified by incorporation of carbon nanoparticles such as: multiwall carbon nanotubes (2 wt.% MWCNT), graphene oxide (1 wt.% GO), and graphite (5 wt.% GR) during manufacturing process (nonsolvent-induced phase separation, NIPS). The PSU flat sheet membrane was the reference sample.

Results:

Observed morphology of nanocomposite membranes was similar (SEM imaging); all of them had finger-like pore structure with unimodal distribution of pore size and similar skin-to-support ratio (1:3). The carbon nanoadditives also influenced the surface wettability: hydrophobicity and surface free energy of membranes increased (polar components of energy were reduced, while the dispersive components were increased).

Conclusion:

The surface charge of nanocomposite membranes increased, when the polymer matrix has been modified with CNT or GR. This significantly affects the adsorption of proteins such as chicken (CSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and reduces blood clotting on the membrane.
Analysis and structural evaluation of seawater-aged composite tidal turbine blades using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and acoustic emission
Authors: José-Trujillo Eduardo , Rubio-González Carlos , Rodríguez-González Julio A.
Published: August 2024

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the piezoresistive response and mechanical performance of seawater-aged blades manufactured with glass fiber/epoxy resin incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs content was 0.75 wt. %, which was sufficient to form an electric percolation network. MWCNTs were dispersed in the fiber using the spray-coating method, allowing the entire blade outer surface to gain strain self-sensing capability. Exposure of the blades with and without MWCNT to seawater caused a moisture absorption of 1.67% and 1.56%, respectively. This caused damage such as matrix cracking, and fiber/matrix interfacial debonding. These effects were manifested by an increase in tip displacement of 13% and 1.43% in the blades with and without MWCNTs, also local deformations on the blade increased. The MWCNTs induced a positive effect on piezoresistive capability, resulting in the development of sensitivity to deformation. This showed that MWCNTs in the specified content is efficient for damage detection in complex structural components even after seawater aging while retaining maximum electrical resistance change of 0.45% and 0.26% on the tensile and compressive side, respectively. With acoustic emission (AE), it was confirmed that the presence of MWCNTs acts as toughening mechanisms reducing damage such as micro-cracks in the matrix.
Dynamic load characteristics and performance degradation of CFRP wing-body connection lugs under elevated temperature wet conditions
Authors: Gai Di , Yu Shengjie , Xu Hai , Yang Kang , Yao Zhipeng , Yang Shiyu , Zhao Zheng
Published: August 2024

The elevated temperature wet (ETW) conditions have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the CFRP main load-bearing components in all-carbon fiber aircraft, thereby influencing the aircraft’s service life. This paper utilizes a full-scale CFRP wing-body connection structure to study its static load characteristics under elevated temperature wet conditions and its fatigue performance under flight loads. Under ETW conditions (71°C, 85% RH) for 35 days, the average moisture content reached 0.5707%. Structural stiffness decreased by 49.67% under static load in ETW conditions, with displacement exhibiting a two-stage behavior in both environments. During the full load spectrum test, the stiffness degradation rate under ETW conditions increased by 47.3%. In the constant peak load test, structural stiffness exhibited three stages: initial enhancement-gradual reduction-rapid reduction following local damage. Numerical calculations identified the fillet transition and opening positions as weak points. The fatigue safety factor based on strength criteria significantly decreased under high-temperature and humid conditions, showing an inverse relationship with the load value.
Artificial intelligence research in Canadian hospitals: The development of metropolitan competencies
Authors: Pelletier Pierre , Geuna Aldo , Souza Daniel
Published: August 2024

This study explores the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Canadian hospitals from 2000 to 2021, focusing on metropolitan areas. We investigate how local public and private research ecosystems and links to national and international AI hubs influence the adoption of AI in healthcare. Our analysis shows that AI research outputs from public institutions have a significant impact on AI competences in hospitals. In addition, collaborations between hospitals are critical to the successful integration of AI. Metropolitan areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are leading the way in AI deployment. These findings highlight the importance of local AI research capabilities and international hospital collaborations and provide guidance to policy-makers and health leaders to drive the diffusion of AI technology in healthcare.
Impact of activation energy and thermal radiation on hybrid nanofluid (engine oil + nickel zinc ferrite + manganese zinc ferrite) flow over a wavy cylinder in the presence of induced magnetic field
Authors: Revathi Gadamsetty , Reddy Sagili Navaneeswara , Babu M. Jayachandra , Mahesh Bellam
Published: August 2024

Wavy cylinders add more complexity to the flow than smooth cylinders. Analyzing this flow helps researchers understand phenomena like boundary layer behavior, drag forces, and heat transfer patterns in real-world scenarios with uneven surfaces. For instance, this knowledge can be applied to understanding flow around underwater structures like pipelines or ship hulls. This study investigates the novel influence of activation energy on radiative hybrid nanofluid flow past a wavy cylinder subjected to an induced magnetic field. We use engine oil containing a mixture of nickel zinc ferrite and manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles as the base fluid, providing a unique combination of materials not previously explored in this context. We have transformed the problem's equations into a collection of ordinary differential equations and skillfully resolved them using the bvp4c solver. Using bar graphs, the relevant physical characteristics, including the Nusselt number, are discussed. The outcomes for the saddle stagnation-point and nodal stagnation-point scenarios are displayed. Results show that friction factor rises with increasing volume fraction of nickel zinc ferrite and declines with increasing magnetic parameter; these are the main conclusions drawn from the study. The friction factor shrinks at a rate of 0.6803 for nodal stagnation points and 0.73692 for saddle stagnation points when the magnetic parameter is between 0.05 and 0.3. The Sherwood number lowers by 0.0046 (in the case of a nodal stagnation point) and 0.00512 (in the case of a saddle stagnation point) when the activation energy parameter is between 0 and 2. It is also found that as thermal radiation increases, the fluid temperature rises. The findings have implications for designing microfluidic devices, optimizing heat exchanger performance in the presence of magnetic fields, and managing thermal dissipation in miniaturized electronics using wavy surfaces and controlled thermal radiation.
A rare case report of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to pure eythroid leukemia in a person living with HIV
Authors: Luthra Varsha , Garg Ankita , Chaudhary Tarun , Tahlan Anita , Gupta Monica
Published: August 2024

Pure erythroid leukemia (AML-M6) is a rare variant of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with predominant erythroid lineage proliferation. The incidence of AIDS defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma are on declining trends due to effective use of HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy). Correspondingly, there have been increasing cases of leukemia in persons living with HIV. Our case is a 43 years old male living with HIV who was admitted with high grade fever and mucosal bleeds. On examination, he had periorbital swelling and ecchymosis with hepatosplenomegaly. The laboratory investigations revealed bicytopenia with high ferritin, low fibrinogen and hypertriglyceridemia. A diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with H score of 222 was made. Bone marrow examination revealed hypercellular marrow with more than 80% cells of erythroid lineage with 47% proerythroblasts. Suggesting pure erythroid leukemia (AML-M6). This diagnosis with secondary HLH carries a very poor prognosis in persons living with HIV.