bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-ray in-line holography and holotomography at the NanoMAX beamline
Authors: Kalbfleisch Sebastian , Zhang Yuhe , Kahnt Maik , Buakor Khachiwan , Langer Max , Dreier Till , Dierks Hanna , Stjärneblad Philip , Larsson Emanuel , Gordeyeva Korneliya , Chayanun Lert , Söderberg Daniel , Wallentin Jesper , Bech Martin , Villanueva-Perez Pablo
Published: December 2021

Coherent X-ray imaging techniques, such as in-line holography, exploit the high brilliance provided by diffraction-limited storage rings to perform imaging sensitive to the electron density through contrast due to the phase shift, rather than conventional attenuation contrast. Thus, coherent X-ray imaging techniques enable high-sensitivity and low-dose imaging, especially for low-atomic-number (Z) chemical elements and materials with similar attenuation contrast. Here, the first implementation of in-line holography at the NanoMAX beamline is presented, which benefits from the exceptional focusing capabilities and the high brilliance provided by MAX IV, the first operational diffraction-limited storage ring up to approximately 300 eV. It is demonstrated that in-line holography at NanoMAX can provide 2D diffraction-limited images, where the achievable resolution is only limited by the 70 nm focal spot at 13 keV X-ray energy. Also, the 3D capabilities of this instrument are demonstrated by performing holotomography on a chalk sample at a mesoscale resolution of around 155 nm. It is foreseen that in-line holography will broaden the spectra of capabilities of MAX IV by providing fast 2D and 3D electron density images from mesoscale down to nanoscale resolution.
Crystal structure of a putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Paraburkholderia xenovorans
Authors: Davidson Jaysón , Nicholas Kyndall , Young Jeremy , Conrady Deborah G. , Mayclin Stephen , Subramanian Sandhya , Staker Bart L. , Myler Peter J. , Asojo Oluwatoyin A.
Published: December 2021

Paraburkholderia xenovorans degrades organic wastes, including polychlorinated biphenyls. The atomic structure of a putative dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) from P. xenovorans (PxSDR) was determined in space group P21 at a resolution of 1.45 Å. PxSDR shares less than 37% sequence identity with any known structure and assembles as a prototypical SDR tetramer. As expected, there is some conformational flexibility and difference in the substrate-binding cavity, which explains the substrate specificity. Uniquely, the cofactor-binding cavity of PxSDR is not well conserved and differs from those of other SDRs. PxSDR has an additional seven amino acids that form an additional unique loop within the cofactor-binding cavity. Further studies are required to determine how these differences affect the enzymatic functions of the SDR.
Emotion transformation: a grounded theory for uncovering painful triggers and repairing relational connection for parents of autistic children
Authors: Robinson Anna , Yong Ennie
Published: December 2021

Purpose

It is often voiced that parents of autistic children are the expert of their child, whereas parenting programmes target them as effective mediators for change. This paper aims to explore this unchallenged heuristic to develop an understanding of both emotional and relational needs of parents through trainers’ experiences of delivering emotion-focused and autism parent training.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study used a constructivist approach of grounded theory to gain an in-depth understanding of trainers’ experiences from their encounters when delivering parent training. Six expert trainers were interviewed, and a two-phased coding of ground theory and an adapted thematic analysis was used.

Findings

An overarching theme emerged: emotion transformation from painful triggers, to enhanced attunement and relational repair. Four main themes containing 13 subthemes were identified. The interaction of these themes and subthemes are presented in a three-phase process model. Phase 1: uncovering painful emotions from a shared journey contained one theme: parent painful triggers. Phase 2: uncovering interpersonal rupture cycle contained one theme: relational rupture cycle within non-synchrony of attunement. Phase 3: parent–child relational repair contained two themes: repairing attachment bonds and therapist’s prizing stance.

Social implications

The authors challenge the parent as expert heuristic and propose that not all parents feel expert in neurotypical-neurodivergent intersubjectivity. The authors are curious to see whether trainers/therapists can guide parents through unprocessed emotions and non-synchrony of attunement to promote healing and relational repair, which requires further investigation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first emotion-transformation process model grounded in humanistic principles of relational acceptance and emotion theory. The authors propose that a focus on process rather than outcome is more likely to result in higher parenting self-efficacy.
How preexisting beliefs and message involvement drive charitable donations: an integrated model
Authors: Van Steenburg Eric , Spears Nancy
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals respond to messages asking for donations in broadcast advertising. It does so by considering both preexisting attitudes and beliefs related to donating, as well as message processing. The goal is to uncover messages that may help nonprofit organisations increase donations.

Design/methodology/approach

The research combines the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to measure preexisting beliefs and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to measure involvement in an investigation of donation responses to broadcast-quality advertisements developed by a professional ad agency featuring the following two messages: one that leverages social norms and another that legitimises minimal giving. Two studies collected data from a total of 544 respondents in two between-subjects 2 × 2 × 2 experiments.

Findings

Injunctive norm messages affect the intended donation behaviour of individuals who are pre-disposed to donating, but only if they are highly involved with the ad. Social legitimisation messages affect donations from individuals who look to referents to direct behaviour, but unlike what was expected, only by those not highly involved with the ad. Similarly, individuals who do not think they can donate increased donations when they saw the legitimisation message and had low advertisement involvement.

Research limitations/implications

Results extend the ELM-TPB integrated framework by discovering when and how involvement drives intended donation behaviour. The research also sheds light on message processing by focussing on the preexisting characteristics of recipients.

Practical implications

The results provide nonprofit managers with strategies to increase donations with targeted messages. Those who pay attention to the ad and have a positive attitude toward giving are going to donate if they are told others support the cause. Therefore, the focus should be on those who are not involved with the ad but still believe giving is appropriate.

Originality/value

This research is the first to use the ELM-TPB framework to discover that ELM has varying utilities and values from TPB in different ad contexts.
A study of a modified nonlinear dynamical system with fractal-fractional derivative
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Chauhan R.P. , Momani Shaher , Hadid Samir
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to study the complex behavior of a dynamical system using fractional and fractal-fractional (FF) derivative operators. The non-classical derivatives are extremely useful for investigating the hidden behavior of the systems. The Atangana–Baleanu (AB) and Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) derivatives are considered for the fractional structure of the model. Further, to add more complexity, the authors have taken the system with a CF fractal-fractional derivative having an exponential kernel. The active control technique is also considered for chaos control.

Design/methodology/approach

The systems under consideration are solved numerically. The authors show the Adams-type predictor-corrector scheme for the AB model and the Adams–Bashforth scheme for the CF model. The convergence and stability results are given for the numerical scheme. A numerical scheme for the FF model is also presented. Further, an active control scheme is used for chaos control and synchronization of the systems.

Findings

Simulations of the obtained solutions are displayed via graphics. The proposed system exhibits a very complex phenomenon known as chaos. The importance of the fractional and fractal order can be seen in the presented graphics. Furthermore, chaos control and synchronization between two identical fractional-order systems are achieved.

Originality/value

This paper mentioned the complex behavior of a dynamical system with fractional and fractal-fractional operators. Chaos control and synchronization using active control are also described.
Role of affective forecasting in customers’ hotel service experiences
Authors: Lajante Mathieu , Ladhari Riadh , Massa Elodie
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Research on the role of affective forecasting in hotel service experiences is in its infancy, and several crucial questions remain unanswered. This study aims to posit that affective forecasting is a significant antecedent of customers’ affective reactions during a hotel stay. The authors investigate how customers’ service quality expectations influence their affective forecasting and how customers’ affective forecasting before an upcoming hotel service experience influences their affective reactions during the hotel service experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data through online questionnaires distributed among 634 US adults who had stayed at a hotel within the past month.

Findings

The results show that: service quality expectations influence affective forecasting; affective forecasting influences affective reactions; service quality expectations influence perceived service quality, thereby influencing affective reactions and affective reactions and service quality perception influence electronic Word-Of-Mouth intentions.

Practical implications

The study suggests that hotel managers should identify what hotel performance attributes customers value most and depict how these attributes elicit positive affective reactions in advertising to influence customers’ purchase decisions.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies to investigate the antecedents and consequences of affective forecasting in hotel service experiences.
Analysis of visual impression based on Bra's basic components
Authors: Wen Xingyu , Zhang Jing , Whang Mincheol , Liu Kaixuan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between bra's visual impression and bra parts, and then to explore the application of visual impression in bra design.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, 82 female undergraduates are asked to answered this questionnaire online, which is about the importance of parts in bra design. In the part of data analysis, the method of principal part analysis (PCA) are used to get the relationship between bra's parts, and reduce dimension of factors that influence bra design. After that, those group of features are further discussed from the perspective of visual design. Finally, design an application based on conclusion.

Findings

To get the influence features of bra appearance and improve the visual design effect, this paper matches the bra parts with visual features (color, texture, shape and space) and presents four main features of bra design: “color,” “visual texture,” “design shape” and “spatial expression” together with corresponding bra parts and technique of expression. Moreover, user interface in bra cloud customization is designed.

Practical implications

The conclusion, which shows the corresponding relationship between bra visual effect and its basic parts, has an important role in bra visual design. First, it can be useful for design idea with different technique of expression, which may supply a theoretical basis for design. Secondly, the combination of bra parts and visual features can be used to evaluate the appearance.

Originality/value

Discussing the bra visual impression based on bra's basic parts and visual features provides a theoretical method for bra design and its appearance evaluation.
Using blockchain technology to drive operational excellence in perishable food supply chains during outbreaks
Authors: Kayikci Yasanur , Durak Usar Damla , Aylak Batin Latif
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the potential of blockchain technology (BT) to support the operational excellence in perishable food supply chain (PFSC) during outbreaks, by doing use-case analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review is performed to determine the dimensions of operational excellence in the food supply chain (FSC), then a single use-case analysis is conducted to explore the potential of blockchain in order to achieve operational excellence for PFSC during the pandemics by applying context, interventions, mechanism and outcomes (CIMO) logic.

Findings

The findings of this study reveal that blockchain capabilities such as immutability and transparency, visibility, traceability, integration and interoperability, disintermediation and decentralisation, smart contracts and consensus mechanism provide better sustainable operational excellence outcomes for PFSCs to be more responsive, flexible, efficient and collaborative to cope with the impacts of COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications

This research employs only one real case with multiple PFSC participants. Statistical generalisation is not possible at this stage of the research. However, the findings are not restricted to this single use-case.

Practical implications

This study provides a research direction to explore the potential of BT to achieve operational excellence in the PFSC during outbreaks and generates prescriptive knowledge for better managerial decision-making across the PFSC during outbreaks.

Originality/value

This research conducts semi-structured interviews with different participants in one blockchain ecosystem to understand multiple participants' perspectives of operational excellence within PFSC.
Innovation for environmental sustainability: longitudinal effects of an education for sustainable development intervention on university students’ pro-environmentalism
Authors: Collado Silvia , Moreno José David , Martín-Albo José
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Although education for sustainable development (ESD) is a key tool in the transition to a more sustainable society, its integration in higher education remains scarce. One reason for this is that more evidence is needed about the effectiveness of ESD interventions. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the immediate and long-term effects of an ESD intervention on university students’ pro-environmental knowledge, personal environmental norm and pro-environmental behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a quasi-experimental design that examined to what extent participating in an ESD intervention influenced university students’ self-reported pro-environmentalism (i.e. experimental group), compared to those who did not participate in the ESD intervention (i.e. control group). The authors also examined the longitudinal effects of the ESD intervention by recording students’ pro-environmentalism (both in the experimental and control group) 1 year after the intervention.

Findings

The findings showed that participation in the ESD intervention enhanced students’ pro-environmental knowledge, personal environmental norms and pro-environmental behaviors relative to the no-participation control group. The positive effects of the ESD intervention remained 1 year after the program finished.

Originality/value

This work explores the effects that ESD interventions have on university students. Its findings provide evidence about the effectiveness of the intervention and, therefore, support the inclusion of ESD at higher educational levels.
Recent advances in reliability analysis of aeroengine rotor system: a review
Authors: Li Xue-Qin , Song Lu-Kai , Bai Guang-Chen
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To provide valuable information for scholars to grasp the current situations, hotspots and future development trends of reliability analysis area.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, recent researches on efficient reliability analysis and applications in complex engineering structures like aeroengine rotor systems are reviewd.

Findings

The recent reliability analysis advances of engineering application in aeroengine rotor system are highlighted, it is worth pointing out that the surrogate model methods hold great efficiency and accuracy advantages in the complex reliability analysis of aeroengine rotor system, since its strong computing power can effectively reduce the analysis time consumption and accelerate the development procedures of aeroengine. Moreover, considering the multi-objective, multi-disciplinary, high-dimensionality and time-varying problems are the common problems in various complex engineering fields, the surrogate model methods and its developed methods also have broad application prospects in the future.

Originality/value

For the strong demand for efficient reliability design technique, this review paper may help to highlights the benefits of reliability analysis methods not only in academia but also in practical engineering application like aeroengine rotor system.
The role of historical and contextual knowledge in enterprise search
Authors: Lykke Marianne , Bygholm Ann , Søndergaard Louise Bak , Byström Katriina
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to examine enterprise searching practices across different work areas and work tasks in an enterprise search system in an international biotechnology company.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach studying employees' authentic search activities during a 4-month period by log data, questionnaire survey and interviews. The log data analysed the entire active searcher group, whereas the questionnaire and interviews focused on frequent searchers.

Findings

The three studies provided insight into the searching activities and an understanding of the way searchers used the enterprise search system to search for information as part of their work tasks. The data identified three searcher groups, each with specific search characteristics. Four work task types were identified, and for all four types the searchers applied a tracing searching technique with use of contextual and historical relationships as paths.

Practical implications

The findings point to the importance of knowledge on historical and contextual relations in enterprise search.

Originality/value

The work sheds new light on enterprise searchers' information search practices. A significant contribution is the identification of a tracing search method used in relation to four essential work task types. Another contribution is the importance of historical and contextual knowledge to support the tracing search and decide what paths to follow.
Service-based business models in the Swedish railway industry
Authors: Kans Mirka , Ingwald Anders
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose is to describe new business opportunities within the Swedish railway industry and to support the development of business models that corresponds with the needs and requirements of Industry 4.0, here denoted as Service Management 4.0.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is an in-depth and descriptive case study of the Swedish railway system with specific focus on a railway vehicle maintainer. Public reports, statistics, internal documents, interviews and dialogues forms the basis for the empirical findings.

Findings

The article describes the complex business environment of the deregulated Swedish railway industry. Main findings are in the form of identified business opportunities and new business model propositions for one of the key actors, a vehicle maintainer.

Originality/value

The article provides valuable understanding of business strategy development within complex business environments and how maintenance related business models could be developed for reaching Service Management 4.0.
Emotions in our lives: the evaluation of a user-centered training course »living e-Motions« in the context of recovery of people with mental health challenges
Authors: Bakračevič Karin , Zorjan Saša , Tement Sara , Christie Louise , Musil Bojan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a training course »Living e-Motions« for people living with mental health challenges in the context of their recovery. The course was developed in the joint project of partners from Spain, Estonia, Slovenia and the UK. The curriculum of the course is focused on emotional education. It uses a narrative approach as a practical way for participants to explore and regulate their emotions and consequently take charge of their recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

Seventeen participants were included in the pilot training in Spain and Estonia. Impact of the training was assessed on measures of life satisfaction, emotion regulation, positive and negative affect and recovery at baseline and directly after training.

Findings

The analysis revealed that participants reported higher life satisfaction, emotion regulation skills, positive affect and recovery after the training. However, because of the small sample size, the mean differences did not reach statistical significance. Further studies on larger samples are needed to test the effectiveness of the training course.

Practical implications

Pilot study findings are encouraging and show that the developed training course has a potential for improving key competencies and abilities needed in daily life, concretely in emotion regulation, positive and negative affect, life satisfaction and recovery.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel training course that uses a narrative approach and focuses on recovery and improvement of key competencies and abilities of individuals with mental health issues.
End-to-end sustainability: trade-offs, consumers’ perceptions and decisions beyond B2C interfaces
Authors: Lee Park Camila , Fracarolli Nunes Mauro , Ishizaka Alessio
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the extended effects of corporate (ir)responsibilities in supply chains. More specifically, the authors compare the impact of social and environmental initiatives and failures in the reputational capital of supply chain partners. The authors investigate how (and if) companies’ decisions to prioritize different sustainability dimensions in their supplier selection processes (i.e. sustainability trade-offs) affect consumers’ perception of corporate image, corporate credibility-expertise, attitude towards the firm and word-of-mouth.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted three behavioural vignette-based experiments with 562 participants from the USA, relying on analysis of variance and t-tests analyses.

Findings

Results show that consumers perceive social irresponsibility cases as more severe than environmental ones in suppliers’ operations, penalizing buyers’ corporate image, corporate credibility-expertise and word-of-mouth. Corporate image, attitude towards the firm and word-of-mouth also have significant differences between social and environmental trade-offs. Statistically significant differences were also found between scenarios that portrayed the discovery of an irresponsible action and ones that reinforced the previous irresponsible practice in companies’ suppliers.

Practical implications

When types of irresponsibility practices are presented, the discovery of child labour and modern slavery conditions in suppliers damage how consumers perceive the company on corporate image and their attitude towards the organization and how they will spread word-of-mouth, reinforcing the importance of considering sustainability issues when making supplier selection decisions.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the understanding of how companies are perceived by their consumers regarding irresponsible practices and their impact on firms’ supplier selection decisions. Furthermore, data suggests that consumers might hierarchize sustainability dimensions, perceiving social irresponsibility cases as more severe than environmental irresponsibility ones.
Potential outcomes of work integration social enterprises for people who are homeless, at risk of homelessness, or transitioning out of homelessness
Authors: Barton Sarah , Porter Hayley , Murphy Susanne , Lysaght Rosemary
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Social enterprise has the potential to serve as a mechanism of social and economic opportunity for persons experiencing homelessness. This paper aims to identify potential outcomes of work integration social enterprises (WISEs) for people who are homeless, at risk of homelessness, or transitioning out of homelessness.

Design/methodology/approach

Searches of 14 databases were completed using keywords and subject headings pertaining to homelessness, social enterprise and employment, respectively. These searches were then combined to identify literature concerning WISEs with homeless populations. The initial search yielded 784 unique articles. Through screening, 29 articles were selected and independently coded to establish themes.

Findings

The analysis identified the potential for WISEs to contribute positively to the lives of the target population in the areas of connection to the community, employment skill building, mental health, personal agency and empowerment, relationship-building, structure and time use, financial stability and housing. There were less positive and mixed findings regarding substance use, crime/delinquency, physical health and transition to mainstream employment. Future research should further explore causal relationships between WISE approaches and strategies and their potential implications for persons emerging from homelessness.

Originality/value

Prior to this research, there have not been any recent publications that synthesize the existing body of literature to evaluate the potential outcomes of WISE participation for homeless populations. This paper lays the groundwork for future empirical studies.
Catholic Housewives in Transition: The Centres for the Promotion of Women between the Franco Dictatorship and Democracy in Spain (1960–1980)
Authors: de Dios‐Fernández Eider , Mínguez‐Blasco Raúl
Published: December 2021

This article aims to study the history of the Centres for the Promotion of Women in relation to the changing religious and gender identities of Spanish women. The first centre was founded by the lay organisation Catholic Action Women in 1959 and similar centres quickly spread across the country, giving access to basic education to many women from a working‐class background. By analysing oral interviews with students and sociocultural organisers, this article will demonstrate how the Centres for the Promotion of Women contributed to the transition from the self‐sacrificing housewife model of the first decades of Franco dictatorship to the more dynamic model of the working woman of the 1960s and 1970s.
Diagnosis and treatment of splenic artery steal syndrome after liver transplantation
Authors: Avanaz Ali , Avanaz Ezgi , Kisaoglu Abdullah , Yilmaz Vural Taner , Demiryilmaz Ismail , Aydinli Bulent
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Splenic artery steal syndrome is a phenomenon which cause graft ischaemia and dysfunction after liver transplantation.

Case Presentation

A 31 year old women underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with a diagnosis of cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. In postoperative follow‐up liver enzymes were elevated. Dynamic computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography revealed splenic artery steal syndrome. Splenic artery ligation was performed for treatment.

Discussion

The diagnosis of splenic artery steal syndrome is made by the presence of slowed hepatic artery flow compared to the splenic artery without hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis on digital subtraction angiography.

Conclusion

Although interventional radiological procedures are the first‐line treatment method, surgical treatment methods (splenectomy, splenic artery ligation) are successful in increasing hepatic artery flow.
Differential diagnosis of lung cancer and benign lung lesion using salivary metabolites: A preliminary study
Authors: Takamori Satoshi , Ishikawa Shigeo , Suzuki Jun , Oizumi Hiroyuki , Uchida Tetsuro , Ueda Shohei , Edamatsu Kaoru , Iino Mitsuyoshi , Sugimoto Masahiro
Published: December 2021

Background

Saliva is often used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of some oral and systematic diseases, owing to the non‐invasive attribute of the fluid. In this study, we aimed to identify salivary biomarkers for distinguishing lung cancer (LC) from benign lung lesion (BLL).

Materials and Methods

Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 41 patients with LC and 21 with BLL. Salivary metabolites were comprehensively analyzed using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. To differentiate between patients with LCs and BLLs, the discriminatory ability of each biomarker was assessed. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model was developed for evaluating discriminatory ability of each salivary metabolite.

Results

The profiles of 10 salivary metabolites were remarkably different between the LC and BLL samples. Among them, the concentration of salivary tryptophan was significantly lower in the samples from patients with LC than in those from patients with BLL, and the area under the curve (AUC) for discriminating patients with LC from those with BLL was 0.663 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.516–0.810, p = 0.036). Furthermore, from the MLR model developed using these metabolites, diethanolamine, cytosine, lysine, and tyrosine, were selected using the back‐selection regression method. The MLR model based on these four metabolites had a high discriminatory ability for patients with LC and those with BLL (AUC = 0.729, 95% CI = 0.598–0.861, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The four salivary metabolites can serve as potential non‐invasive biomarkers for distinguishing LC from BLL.
Major haemorrhage from oral arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Scott CLM , Holden ACL
Published: December 2021

This case report describes the presentation of a pregnant woman at 39 weeks gestation to The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital emergency department (Sydney, NSW) with major haemorrhage from an oral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and foetal distress. The lesion had grown rapidly during her pregnancy and she had presented to multiple hospitals and dental practitioners who had failed to diagnose her condition and recognize the potential for major complications for the patient and her baby. Bleeding was controlled with manual pressure while she underwent an emergency Caesarean section followed by emergency angiography and partial embolization of the lesion. The bleeding did not recur, and the lesion continued to regress post‐partum. This paper illustrates the diagnostic dilemma of recognizing an AVM and also the potentially disastrous consequences that could occur if a dentist was to embark on extractions or other surgical treatment in the vicinity of such a lesion without realizing its significance.
Medical students’ perception of an online dental trauma course in medical education
Authors: Yeng Thai , O’Sullivan Anthony J. , Shulruf Boaz
Published: December 2021

Background

With dental trauma education not commonly offered in medicine programmes, offering an online learning course may fill the knowledge deficiency for medical students. The aim of this study is to evaluate medical students’ perceptions of an online dental trauma course.

Material and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional questionnaire study conducted among medical students at an Australian University. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure within the items. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to estimate the factors’ reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity; SPSS v22 and AMOIS v22 were used for data analyses.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis identified two distinct factors: 'visual' and 'content', with excellent reliability for visual (Cronbach's alpha = 0.911) and good reliability for content (Cronbach's alpha = 0.755).

Conclusions

This research supports the findings that medical students perceived the online dental trauma course to be easily understood for self‐learning this topic.
Plant secondary cell wall proteome analysis with an inducible system for xylem vessel cell differentiation
Authors: Arae Toshihiro , Nakakoji Mai , Noguchi Masahiro , Kamon Eri , Sano Ryosuke , Demura Taku , Ohtani Misato
Published: December 2021

Plant cell walls are typically composed of polysaccharide polymers and cell wall proteins (CWPs). CWPs account for approximately 10% of the plant cell wall structure and perform a wide range of functions. Previous studies have identified approximately 1000 CWPs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the analyses mainly targeted primary cell walls, which are generated at cell division. In contrast, little is known about CWPs in secondary cell walls (SCWs), which are rigid and contain the phenolic polymer lignin. Here, we performed a cell wall proteome analysis to obtain novel insights into CWPs in SCWs. To this end, we tested multiple methods for cell wall extraction with cultured Arabidopsis cells carrying the VND7‐VP16‐GR system, with which cells can be transdifferentiated into xylem‐vessel‐like cells with lignified SCWs by dexamethasone treatment. We then subjected the protein samples to in‐gel trypsin digestion followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis. The different extraction methods resulted in the detection of different cell wall fraction proteins (CWFPs). In particular, centrifugation conditions had a strong impact on the extracted CWFP species, resulting in the increased number of identified CWFPs. We successfully identified 896 proteins as CWFPs in total, including proteases, expansins, purple phosphatase, well‐known lignin‐related enzymes (laccase and peroxidase), and 683 of 896 proteins were newly identified CWFPs. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our CWP analysis method. Further analyses of SCW‐related CWPs could be expected to produce information useful for understanding the roles of CWPs in plant cell functions.
Incentives to Eat Healthily: Evidence from a Grocery Store Field Experiment
Authors: List John A. , Samek Anya , Zhu Terri
Published: December 2021

We use a field experiment with over 200 participants to investigate the effect of incentives on grocery store purchases. We randomize participants to treatments where we incentivize produce purchases, provide tips for produce preparation, or both, and follow shopping behaviour for 6 months. Our informational treatment has a weak effect. However, we find an important price effect: modest incentives quadruple produce purchasing at our grocery store relative to the control group. After incentives are removed, the treatment group continues to purchase more produce at our grocery store. These long‐term results are consonant with a habit‐formation model, in contrast to standard price models or behavioural ‘crowd out‘ models.
Association of major blood lipids with post‐stroke dementia: A community‐based cohort study
Authors: Yang Zhirong , Edwards Duncan , Burgess Stephen , Brayne Carol , Mant Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Background and purpose

The roles of blood low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglycerides in the development of post‐stroke dementia remain uncertain. This study was to investigate their potential associations.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients with first‐ever stroke but no prior dementia were followed up for 10 years. Cox regression was used to examine the association of baseline LDL‐C, HDL‐C and triglycerides with post‐stroke dementia.

Results

Amongst 63,959 stroke patients, 15,879 had complete baseline data and were included in our main analysis. 10.8% developed dementia during a median of 4.6 years of follow‐up. The adjusted hazard ratio of dementia for LDL‐C (per log mmol/l increase) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.47), with a linear increasing trend (p trend <0.001). The counterpart for triglycerides was 0.79 (95% CI 0.69–0.89), with a linear decreasing trend (p trend <0.001). For HDL‐C, there was no association with dementia (adjusted hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.74–1.08) or a linear trend (p trend = 0.22).

Conclusions

Blood lipids may affect the risk of post‐stroke dementia in different ways, with higher risk associated with LDL‐C, lower risk associated with triglycerides, and no association with HDL‐C.
Can the Conference on the Future of Europe unlock the EU elections reform? Reflections on transnational lists and the lead‐candidate system
Authors: Costa Olivier
Published: December 2021

Despite the constant ‘parliamentarisation’ of the European Union, the supranational dimension of European elections remains limited. Forty years after its first elections, the European Parliament (EP) still suffers from two main problems: (i) its democratic representativeness is impaired by the diversity of national electoral rules and by the predominantly national dimension of electoral campaigns; and (ii) the impact of European elections on the appointment of the Commission remains uncertain, as the so‐called lead‐candidates (Spitzenkandidaten) procedure is only informal. Today, members of the EP (MEPs) are promoting a double strategy to fix these issues. They have decided to relaunch the reform process of the 1976 Act, notably regarding the creation of transnational lists and the formalisation of the lead‐candidate procedure, and they encourage the Conference on the Future of Europe to consider these issues.
Insights from the rescue and breeding management of Cuvier’s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) through whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Alvarez‐Estape Marina , Fontsere Claudia , Serres‐Armero Aitor , Kuderna Lukas F. K. , Dobrynin Pavel , Guidara Héla , Pukazhenthi Budhan S. , Koepfli Klaus‐Peter , Marques‐Bonet Tomas , Moreno Eulalia , Lizano Esther
Published: December 2021

Captive breeding programmes represent the most intensive type of ex situ population management for threatened species. One example is the Cuvier’s gazelle programme that started in 1975 with only four founding individuals, and after more than four decades of management in captivity, a reintroduction effort was undertaken in Tunisia in 2016, to establish a population in an area historically included within its range. Here, we aim to determine the genetic consequences of this reintroduction event by assessing the genetic diversity of the founder stock as well as of their descendants. We present the first whole‐genome sequencing dataset of 30 Cuvier’s gazelles including captive‐bred animals, animals born in Tunisia after a reintroduction and individuals from a genetically unrelated Moroccan population. Our analyses revealed no difference between the founder and the offspring cohorts in genome‐wide heterozygosity and inbreeding levels, and in the amount and length of runs of homozygosity. The captive but unmanaged Moroccan gazelles have the lowest genetic diversity of all genomes analysed. Our findings demonstrate that the Cuvier’s gazelle captive breeding programme can serve as source populations for future reintroductions of this species. We believe that this study can serve as a starting point for global applications of genomics to the conservation plan of this species.
Remaking the obsolete: Critical geographies of contemporary adaptive reuse
Authors: Lynch Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Adaptive reuse, the repurposing of buildings for new uses, is an age‐old practice designed to reimagine, remake and revitalize local economies, cities and communities. In more recent decades, reuse has become part of a systematic process of contemporary city building and a globalized practice of placemaking. As such adaptive reuse is much more that a technical or practical application but is rather a complex process that engages with and transforms the social, cultural and spatial dynamics of cities and their communities around the world. This article focuses on the contemporary geographies of adaptive reuse and highlights three key themes: reuse in the post‐industrial city, reuse on the ‘edges’ and ‘peripheries’ of the global built environment, and reuse as part of the global sustainability discourse. Overall, this review highlights the rich and growing research across urban, cultural and environmental geography and exposes a number of ways in which this process operates as a powerful tool in shaping local and regional contexts.
Study of clay's mineralogy effect on mechanical properties of ceramic body using an experimental design
Authors: Jmal Ayadi Afef , Baklouti Samir , Kammoun Amel , Soro Julien
Published: December 2021

Three clays minerals namely illite (I), montmorillonite (M), and kaolin (K) were chosen as references to study the effect of mixture composition of clays on the mechanical properties and the shrinkage of the fired ceramic. The study was accomplished using the experimental design methodology. More specifically, a mixture design was carried out in order to establish relationships between mechanical strength and shrinkage of finished products and the proportions of the three clay mineral references in the mixture. The statistical study shows that the fitted models were adequate to describe these properties of fired ceramic bodies. The results demonstrate that the mechanical resistance was mainly governed by the amount of montmorillonite mineral. In fact, the mixture design performed in this study shows clearly that montmorillonite can be incorporated in industrial ceramic products up to 45 wt% with high mechanical resistance. On the other hand, the shrinkage decreases strongly with the amount of kaolin in the mixture and increases with the amount of illite while montmorillonite exhibits moderate effect on this property. The higher strength was shown in mixture in which mullite and anorthite appear together due to the presence of kaolinite and illite and give, as a consequence, a synergic power.
Effects of non‐thermal plasma treating wheat kernel on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles
Authors: Li Xuejie , Wen Yaqing , Zhang Jian , Ma Dongyun , Zhang Jie , An Yanxia , Song Xiaoyan , Ren Xiujuan , Zhang Weifeng
Published: December 2021

The effects of non‐thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles (FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.
Effects of pectic fat mimetics and transglutaminase on the regularity of protein and fat degradation and flavour compounds in Cheddar cheese during ripening
Authors: Li Jun , Cui Huaitian , Xu Xinyue , Li Jiayi , Lu Miaomiao , Yu Yue , Song Hong , Zhu Danshi , Liu He
Published: December 2021

The effect of simultaneous transglutaminase (TGase) treatment with pectic fat mimetics (PFM) addition on regularity of protein and fat degradation and flavour compound variations in Cheddar cheese during ripening was investigated. In the early stages of fermentation, the cheese with 20% PFM and 15 U/L TGase had a higher amino acid content. In the middle stage of fermentation, cheese with high concentration of TGase hydrolysed more proteins. Cheese supplemented with PFM and TGase showed increased content of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2). In addition, PFM and TGase compensated the flavour deficiencies of low‐fat cheeses and had positive effects on volatile compounds such as alcohols, acids and methyl ketones. Overall, the characteristics and flavours of Cheddar cheese with the addition of PFM and TGase were superior to the control group, which could provide a theoretical basis for the application of PFM and TGase in cheese production.
Service channel choice for supply chain under online marketplace
Authors: Shen Jiannan , Qian Jia , Shao Xiaofeng
Published: December 2021

We consider a supply chain where a manufacturer directly sells products to end consumers through an online marketplace operated by an e‐tailer, where the e‐tailer is a leader and the manufacturer is a follower. Logistics service is a key influence factor to online marketplace. We present four service channels: (1) E‐channel, the e‐tailer offers the service; (2) E3P‐channel, the e‐tailer outsources the service to a 3PL; (3) M‐channel, the manufacture offers the service; and (4) M3P‐channel, the manufacture outsources the service to a 3PL. This study investigates the optimal decisions and profits for e‐tailer and manufacturer among different service channels, respectively, equilibrium choice of service channel and examines the consistency on choosing the service channel between them. We find that whether the market demand is a log‐separable function form or a linear function form, when the fraction of supply chain revenue sharing is large, E‐channel is the equilibrium choice, otherwise M‐channel is the equilibrium one. Further, we use the sharing fraction threshold gap between e‐tailer and manufacturer to describe the extent of the consistency on choosing the service channel. We find increasing demand sensitivity to service level or decreasing cost sensitivity to service level would enhance the consistency. Moreover, we extend to analysis with linear demand function and different service costs for firms. Finally, the e‐tailer or the manufacturer switches to outsource service to a 3PL when the service cost of the 3PL is not large. Specifically, the 3PL also benefits from the consistent service channel choice under certain condition.