bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
16.2: Crystalline OS‐LCD Using Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Having Characteristic Texture
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro , Ikenaga Makoto , Yamashita Akio , Kubota Daisuke , Nakano Masaru , Ishitani Tetsuji , Shishido Hideaki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Sato Rai , Okazaki Kenichi , Katayama Masahiro , Akahane Tadashi
Published: October 2012

We were able to reduce process time in fabricating a liquid crystal display by using a blue‐phase liquid crystal having a characteristic texture. Further, we fabricated a liquid crystal display using the blue‐phase liquid crystal and an oxide semiconductor for an element substrate.
17.4: A Novel Parallax Liquid Crystal Barrier for Temporally Interlaced Autostereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Inoue Yuichi , Sakamoto Sho , Takahashi Kenichi , Kanai Chiaki , Imai Yutaka , Shimpuku Yoshihide
Published: October 2012

We developed a novel parallax Liquid Crystal (LC) barrier for autostereoscopic displays driven by temporally interlaced method.

Newly we designed TN LC alignment and driving method for BM less barrier structure, and we achieved high transmittance, high contrast ratio and improved 3D crosstalk.
18.1: Invited Paper: Color Accurate Monitors
Authors: Abileah Adi
Published: October 2012

Color accurate monitors are high resolution, luminance controlled displays with very lage color gamut. They have internal controls to match specific color standards (e.g. sRGB, Adobe), and well defined gamma functions. Usually they come with external tools for automatic calibration. Their unique properties, challenges, and applications will be discussed.
18.5: Late‐News Paper: WUXGA Resolution 3D Stereoscopic Head Mounted Full Color AMOLED Microdisplay
Authors: Khayrullin Ilyas I. , Wacyk Ihor , Ali Tariq A. , Ziesmer Scott A. , Barry Steve P. , Prache Olivier , Ghosh Amalkumar P.
Published: October 2012

We report a WUXGA (1920 × 1200) resolution head mounted OLED microdisplay with luminance of 2000cd/m in monochrome and 240cd/m2 in full color. We believe this is the highest resolution OLED microdisplay based headset ever reported. The sub‐pixel size for this 0.86‐inch diagonal microdisplay is 2.45 μm × 8.5 μm.
21.1: Electron‐Transport Layers with Air‐Stable Dopants for Display Applications
Authors: Huang Qiang , Rosenow Thomas , Canzler Tobias W. , Furno Mauro , Rothe Carsten , Dorok Sascha , Denker Ulrich , Fadhel Omrane , Birnstock Jan
Published: October 2012

We report on a new class of doped electron transport layers for display applications. New air‐stable dopant materials are presented together with matching host material. This new ETL concept allows for optimum balance of long lifetime and high efficiency. Device data for top‐emission deep blue OLEDs are shown and options for optimization of OLEDs according to specific application requirements are discussed.
21.2: 55‐inch FHD OLED TV employing New Tandem WOLEDs
Authors: Han Chang‐Wook , Kim Kyung‐Man , Bae Sung‐Joon , Choi Hong‐Seok , Lee Jae‐Man , Kim Tae‐Shick , Tak Yoon‐ Heung , Cha Soo‐Youle , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: October 2012

We report a 55‐inch OLED TV employing white organic light emitting device (WOLED) and oxide TFT. We fabricated the hybrid tandem structure comprising a phosphorescent R/G stack and a fluorescent blue stack to achieve high current efficiency of 90cd/A at 1,000 nit and white color (0.327, 0.344). 55‐inch OLED TV was adjusted to cool white color of (0.285, 0.294). We applied a color layer for large color gamut (118% ATSC ratio) and deep blue expression (0.142, 0.054). We also improved 3 kinds of color shift over viewing angle, aging and gray level.
21.3: Power Efficient RGBW AMOLED Displays Incorporating Color‐Down‐Conversion Layers
Authors: So Woo‐Young , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J.
Published: October 2012

We present a novel RGBW AMOLED display that uses color‐down‐conversion layers to reduce power consumption. The proposed display is calculated to have a 20% reduction in the power consumption compared to a conventional RGBW display.
22.1: Binary Alignment Pattern Induced by Single Step Exposure of Laser Beam Polarization Interference
Authors: Tan Li , Ho Jacob Y. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: October 2012

A new method of making binary alignment pattern through a single step exposure without using mask is proposed. This binary pattern is induced by polarization interference of laser beams at alignment surface. The line width is controlled by crossing angle between two input beams, which could be very small. Using azo‐dye as alignment material, which tends to align their long axis perpendicular to the activate light polarization direction, we obtain a binary pattern of 3 μm in pitch with laser beam crossing half angle at 3.48°.
22.3: Real Multi‐Domain Reduced Color and Gamma Shift in Fringe‐Field‐Switching (FFS) Mode LCD with Photoalignment Method
Authors: Hung‐Yu Wu , Hsin‐Min Fu , Jan‐Tian Lian
Published: October 2012

We propose a new electrode design with different aligned direction for the fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode which can reduce the color difference and gamma shift by using the conventional multi‐domain operation. The LC direction suit a set of perpendicular electrode in the pixel with homogeneous alignment. Because of the mutually perpendicular LC direction, the birefringence will be well compensated in the different observing direction. Finally, we show the similar gamma curve and less color shift in oblique direction.
23.1L: Late‐News Paper: High Resolution Time‐multiplexed Backlight with Tracking System for Multi‐user Applicable Wide‐viewing Auto‐stereoscopic LCD
Authors: Yang Che‐Hsuan , Hsu Ching‐Yi , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: October 2012

Conventional auto‐stereoscopic 3D display has limited viewing angle with fixed positions issues. A high resolution time‐multiplexed backlight with tracking system for multi‐user applicable wide‐viewing auto‐stereoscopic LCD was proposed. By utilizing an adjustable fine‐stripe (AFS) backlight structure with a temporal switched 120Hz LCD, the 3D image could be displayed on high resolution. Furthermore, by combining the tracking technology, multi‐user can observe wide‐viewing 3D images at the same time.
23.3: Landscape/Portrait Dual Mode Lens Type 3D Display Using a 2D Lens Array
Authors: Chang Ching‐Tsun , Chen Wen‐Lung , Shih Chih‐Hung , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: October 2012

Traditionally, a lenticular lens array, which is a one‐dimensionally periodic lens structure, is used in front of a image display, such as LCD or OLED, to achieve human 3D perception. Due to its one‐dimensionally periodic property, most of this kind of 3D displays can show 3D in only one display orientation. In this paper, we utilize a 2D lens array instead to achieve human 3D perception in both landscape and portrait display orientation. The 2D lens array is fabricated using ink‐jet printing (IJP) technology and the 3D function is demonstrated successfully.
26.1: Invited Paper: Ultra‐Slim Flexible Glass Substrates for Display Applications
Authors: Garner Sean , Merz Gary , Glaesemann G. Scott , Tosch John , Chang Chet , Marshall Dale , Li Xinghua , Tian Lili , Vasilakos Kevin , Gagov Atanas
Published: October 2012

With inherent benefits such as surface quality, transmission, hermiticity, and thermal and dimensional stability, ultra‐slim flexible glass substrates (≤200 μm thick) enable high‐quality and long‐life displays. This invited paper provides an overview of flexible glass substrates and how they help optimize flexible display designs, materials, and fabrication processes.
26.2: Flexible Hybrid Substrates of Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing for Flexible Display Application
Authors: Yeh Yung‐Hui , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Yu Ming‐Jiue , Lin Chang‐Yu , Lai Benjamin Chih‐Ming , Lin Heng‐Tien , Ku Hao‐Chi , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Tseng Yung‐Lung
Published: October 2012

A flexible hybrid substrate was demonstrated for Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) manufacturing. Layer‐by‐layer misalignment can be well controlled within 5μm. Amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) TFT was fabricated on the flexible hybrid substrate by R2R process for the first time. A segment‐type reflective EPD display was also demonstrated to show the R2R capability of flexible substrates.
26.4: Transparent Conductive Film Nb2O5/Ag/IZO with an Anti‐Reflection Design
Authors: Leu Ywh‐Tarng , Lu Chih‐Chiang , Yau Bao‐Shun , Lee Wei‐Jung
Published: October 2012

We sputtered a Nb2O5/Ag/IZO transparent conductive film on PET substrate. The conductivity of transparent conductive film (TCF) was mainly dependent on the Ag layer, and Nb2O5 and IZO were two materials to design an anti‐reflection coating. The sheet resistance was 7.9 Ω/□ with a 7.9 nm‐thickness‐Ag layer, and the transmittance was 90.11% at Λ=550 nm.
27.2: High Definition 458 ppi OLED with Logic Circuit using Low Temperature Single‐Crystal‐Silicon (LTSS) TFT Backplane Driven by 2.5 V Single Power Supply
Authors: Ohnuma Hideto , Hamada Takashi , Shimomura Akihisa , Nagai Masaharu , Sekiguchi Keiichi , Kozuma Munehiro , Ikeda Takayuki , Yamazaki Shunpei , Mitani Masahiro , Suga Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Yoshitaka
Published: October 2012

We succeeded in formation of single crystal silicon (Low Temperature Single‐Crystal Silicon: LTSS) over non‐alkali glass. In our prototyped high definition 458 ppi AMOLED display using this LTSS as a backplane, low power consumption of drivers (about 1.7 mW) with 2.5 V single power supply voltage is achieved.
27.3: Stable White OLED Device Structure for 3D‐Compatible Head Mounted Display
Authors: Kambe Emiko , Nakamura Masato , Yamada Jiro , Uchino Katsuhide , Shiraishi Yoshito
Published: October 2012

We have realized a 3D‐Compatible Head Mounted Display equipped with a high definition OLED device. Ultra‐small size and high‐definition image quality were achieved by adopting a color separation method that overlays a color filter over the top of the white organic EL layer. The white OLED device however showed a low efficiency and a short lifetime. In this work, we developed a new device structure to not only achieve higher efficiency and longer life, but also the light‐emitting region stayed unchanged with current density change.
30.1: Invited Paper: Cooperation of Video‐System Components for Construction of High‐Image‐Quality Systems
Authors: Kurita Taiichiro
Published: October 2012

Image quality of flat panel displays has made remarkable advance in recent years. However, there is still room to improve the quality. Cooperation of components in a video system, such as camera, image processing and display, is important for further improvement and efficient construction of a video system with totally high image quality. Significance and examples of the cooperation are reviewed. Value of the cooperation is recognized in improvement of motion‐image quality and color reproduction.
32.1: Invited Paper: Printing Technologies for Organic TFT Array for Electronic Paper
Authors: Matsubara Ryohei , Harada Yukari , Hatta Kaoru , Yamamoto Takumi , Takei Manabu , Ishizaki Mamoru , Matsumura Mitsuyoshi , Ota Kenich , Ito Manabu
Published: October 2012

We have developed unique printing technologies for organic TFT (OTFT) array for electronic paper. Offset‐based printing technique can achieve less than 5 μm channel length and electrode width with good alignment accuracy without any photoassisted process. Flexographic printing can realize extremely smooth surface of organic semiconductor (OSC), which is essential to achieve high mobility. By using these methods, characteristics of printed OTFT show remarkably high uniformity. Moreover, we have successfully driven E Ink electronic paper by fully printed OTFT array.
34.1: Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Display with Low Driving Voltage and Fast Response Time
Authors: Guo Qi , Pozhidaev Eugene P. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Ma Ying , Wang Xiaoqian , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the electrooptical behavior of deformed helix ferroelectric(DHF) liquid crystals is described. Fast response with low driving voltage is obtained. One of remarkable properties of DHF mode is frequency dependence of the electrooptical response time, which is really exists in our case. Experimental and simulation results are provided with good accordance. Variable anchoring energy is realized in experiment with photosensitive alignment material SD1. For the purpose of evaluate the influence of anchoring energy on alignment quality in DHF mode, the measurement of anchoring coefficient of alignment layer for short helix pitch FLC is proposed. The contrast ratio of 13000 with switching time of 113 μs is obtained at room temperature.
36.1: Invited Paper: Trends of Future Image Quality Enhancements with Case Studies
Authors: You Jaehee
Published: October 2012

Various impacts on image qualities are described from display panels, multi‐screens, viewing distances, viewing angles, ambient light, viewer's human behavior, and image characteristics for the integration of image enhancement methods with efficient programmability. Image quality issues on LCD BLU dimming are discussed as a case study.
36.2: Enhanced Local Pixel Compensation with Clipping Suppression and Global Luminance Preservation
Authors: Schäfer Daniel , Jung Tobias , Xu Chihao
Published: October 2012

Clipping caused by temporal LED filter suppressing LED flicker or by high power saving is one of the most annoying effects in locally dimmed BL systems. In standard Pixel Compensation (PC) algorithms the lower BL luminance is compensated by increasing the TFT transmission by a reciprocal factor. In our new approach the compensation factor is moreover a function of the achieved BL luminance and the clipping density of a local area. This strategy leads to a reduction of clipping below a perceptual threshold while the global image brightness is mostly preserved. Thus, our SSC local dimming system amended by this new approach delivers high power saving rates and high image quality ‐ without annoying clipping artifacts.
37.1: Distinguished Paper: An In‐cell Capable Capacitive Touchscreen Controller With High SNR and Integrated Display Driver IC for WVGA LTPS Displays
Authors: Ozbas Murat , Knausz Imre , Lillie Jeff , Ludden Chris , Mackin Tom , Gillespie Dave
Published: October 2012

A new in‐cell capable touchscreen controller and display driver IC with an integrated multi‐threaded CPU is presented. The architectural advantages and their respective performance enhancements are described. For the touchscreen controller a 10 to 15dB improvement in SNR was measured while advanced graphical feedback was demonstrated with very low lag on the integrated display driver.
38.4: 6‐inch Rollable Active‐Matrix Electrophoretic Display Driven by Organic Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Liu Ching‐Yang , Lin Wei‐Hsiang , Chu Shu‐Wei , Huang Jhih‐Jie , Liang Yu‐Hsin , Liu Sai‐Chang , Hsiao Hsiang‐Chih , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Chiang Ming‐Feng , Liau Wei‐Lung
Published: October 2012

A 6‐inch rollable active‐matrix electrophoretic display driven by organic thin‐film transistor is demonstrated by using solution and photolithography processes. All process temperature are kept below 120 degree C. Pixel OTFT devices exhibit an average mobility of 0.6 cm2/Vs and good reliability. The rollable EPD prototype has thin (125um) and light (14g) features. The minimum rolling diameter can reach 25 mm.
39.1: Invited Paper: Efficient Color Tunable Light Sources by The Combination of a Transparent and a Non‐Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Jeong‐lk , Joo Chul Woong , Huh Jin Woo , Han Jun‐Han , Moon Jaehyun , Hwang Joohyun , Cho Nam Sung , Shin Jin‐Wook , Cho Doo‐Hee , Park Seung Koo , Chu Hye Yong
Published: October 2012

We have fabricated color tunable light sources by combining a transparent and a non‐transparent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). This type of color tunable OLED has efficiency losses due to the absorption of a transparent OLED. To minimize the efficiency losses, we have come up with an innovative transparent OLED, which has high transmittance for the light from a non‐transparent OLED and also high bottom to top emission intensity ratio for the light from a transparent OLED. Therefore, the lights from a non‐transparent and a transparent OLEDs could be maximized simultaneously, which resulted in efficient color tunable light sources.
40.1: Invited Paper: Ultrafast High Optical Contrast Flexoelectric Displays for Video Frame Rates
Authors: Coles Harry , Morris Stephen , Castles Flynn , Gardiner Damian , Malik Qasim
Published: October 2012

We describe wide temperature range bimesogenic chiral nematic liquid crystals mixtures with high flexoelectro‐optic coefficients (e/K), of the order of 2.0–4.0 CN−1 m−1, with 50–100μs response times. Gray scale devices in both the ULH texture, with an optimum optical in plane switch of 45° at fields of <2Vμm−1, and the USH mode, with a unique optically isotropic “field off” black state (∼0.7 nits) and contrast ratios of ∼5000:1, using “in plane” electric fields driving will be described. The new materials and devices give μs level to level switching and may be used in FSC video rate displays.
42.4: The Integrated‐Stream Protocol (iSP) Interface with Clock Embedded Scheme for the Next Generation TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Chang Rung‐Yuan , Huang Wen‐Chiang , Chung Chun‐Fan , Ho Yu‐Hsi , Chao Chain‐Fu , Yeh Szu‐Che , Lyu Li‐Ru , Yang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: October 2012

This paper presents an integrated‐Stream Protocol (iSP) interface that is capable of high data rate operation with less signal lines for the next generation TFT‐LCD application. An 8b/9b encoding technique is employed to synchronize the system without separate clock and control signal lines, and it achieves low overhead and electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance. In order to compensate the channel attenuation, the receiver is equipped with the equalizer function. The power consumption is effectively reduced by applying the transfer‐impedance amplifier (TIA) receiver. The iSP interface has been verified on an 11.6‐inch full‐HD Chip‐On‐Glass (COG) TFT‐LCD panel with 1.35Gbps data rate. Additionally, it could be operated at higher data rate up to 1.8Gbps on Chip‐On‐Board (COB) platform.
44.2 WITHDRAWN: 44.3: WITHDRAWN: 44.4: Flexible LCDs Fabricated with a Slit Coater
Authors: Kimura Munehiro , Yodogawa Satoshi , Ohtsuka Keisuke , Yatsushiro Tsugio , Hirata Hajime , Akahane Tadashi
Published: October 2012

A homogeneously aligned liquid crystal layer can be assembled on a film substrate using a slit coater. Flexible twisted nematic and in‐plane switching LCDs with such a liquid crystal layer are demonstrated. The production time of this method is expected to be several tens of minutes shorter than that of the conventional method since it does not require an alignment film. This method can also be used to fabricate photovoltaic cells and optical compensation films.
46.1: Invited Paper: A Novel Optical Switch and Display Based on Variable Aperture
Authors: Ren Hongwen , Xu Su
Published: October 2012

We report a novel optical switch and display using fringing field‐induced aperture change of a bracelet‐like liquid ring. To prove concept, we demonstrated a 4times4 color pixel array and a black‐and‐white single pixel for an optical switch. Without an electric field, the pixel has the largest clear aperture. The applied fringing field stretches the liquid surface, leading to a decreased aperture size. For a 230‐μm‐diameter pixel, the switchable aperture ratio is over 80% and the response time is ∼10 ms. This device has following advantages: polarization independence, fast response time, and easy fabrication.
50.1: Invited Paper: Optical Bonding: Critical Technical Challenges for Performance, Manufacturing, and Supply Chain
Authors: Doyle Dan , Oehler Peter
Published: October 2012

Optical Bonding for cover lens protecting MFT sensors has become a key element for smart phones and tablet pc's and in other larger format applications. This paper will review the technical, performance and financial challenges that are being confronted by industry as well as the implementation strategies of various options. Since 2007, Optical Bonding has become a critical aspect of the performance and supply chain implantation of PCAP; the financial impact in 2007 has grown from < $500M to $3 to 4B USD annually.
52.1: Transparent AMOLED and its Integration with an Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chen Hsien‐Hung , Cheng Ling‐Yi , Liu Chih‐Che , Chuang Ming‐Hung , Kuo Chung‐Hong , Hsu Shih‐Feng , Huang Jung‐Yen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yusin , Wu Jiunn‐Lin
Published: October 2012

The see‐through type 6‐inch transparent AMOLEDs, with transparency of 24%∼39%, were developed based on SPC LTPS TFTs with simple circuit design. Further, a novel combo display which integrated transparent AMOLED and EPD was demonstrated. Such combo display combines advantages of AMOLED and EPD and provides an alternative option of paperlike display.
56.4: Dual‐Gate IGZO TFT for Threshold‐ Voltage Compensation in AMOLED Pixel Circuit
Authors: Chou Lu‐Sheng , Chiu Hao‐Lin , Chen Bo‐Cheng , Tai Ya‐Hsiang
Published: October 2012

In addition to the gate electrode at the bottom, a dual‐gate InGaZnO4 (a‐IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) has a secondary gate electrode on the top. The threshold voltage of the TFT using the bottom‐gate in its normal operation can be controlled by the top‐gate. Based on this phenomenon, a new concept of using the top‐gate to compensate threshold voltage variation is proposed. This new technique is demonstrated in two pixel circuits of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode and verified by the measurement results.
61.3: Simulation and Measurement of Laser Speckle and Speckle Contrast
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Feng , Yeh Chuan‐Feng , Chou Min‐Chun
Published: October 2012

The simulation and experimental results of laser speckle and speckle contrast are presented. The correct speckle contrast was obtained when the ratio of the speckle size to the CCD pixel size is larger than 3.5, and the ratio of the maximum speckle intensity to the CCD saturation is in 0.3∼1.0.
62.4: The Structure and Manufacturing Process of Large Area Transparent Electrowetting Display
Authors: Ku Yun‐Sheng , Kuo Shu‐Wei , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Cheng Pei‐Pei , Chen Jian‐Lung , Lan Kai‐Wei , Lo Kuo‐Lung , Lee Kuo‐Chang , Cheng Wei‐Yuan
Published: October 2012

Transparent display is currently an interesting topic in the display technologies for mobile device, monitor, shopping window or smart window application. This paper described the large area (14 inch) transparent electrowetting display (EWD) by using two‐layer hydrophilic rib structure and manufacturing process is proposed as well. This work included two parts: structure and process development of large area transparent electrowetting display and the implementation of two‐layer hydrophilic rib structure and plasma treatment in the manufacturing process for electrowetting display. The two‐layer structure material and plasma treatment is implemented to modify the manufacturing process and improve the panel performance. The development of this study realized the concept of transparent electrowetting display with large size display area.
67.4: Submillisecond‐response Blue‐phase Liquid Crystal for Color Sequential Projection Displays
Authors: He Sihui , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Yan Jin , Cheng Hui‐Chuan , Tsai Cheng‐Yeh , Lin Ching‐Huan , Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Liu Kang‐Hung , Liu Chu‐Yu , Sugiura Norio , Liau Wei‐Lung , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: October 2012

Color sequential transmissive and reflective projection displays using a vertical field switching (VFS) polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) are proposed. The VFS‐BPLC exhibits submillisecond response time which is useful for suppressing color breakup, hysteresis‐free for accurate grayscale control, high optical efficiency, and low operation voltage.
70.1: Touch‐Interactive High Power Efficiency AMOLED Display with Energy Recycling and Self‐Calibration Capabilities
Authors: Tian Baolin , Chaji Reza , Giannikouris Allyson , Nathan Arokia , Aziz Hany
Published: October 2012

A polarizer‐less OLED is introduced with 30% improvement in efficiency. Also, the new OLED structure provides integrated multi‐touch, power recycling/generating, and non‐uniformity /aging self‐calibration capabilities.
72.2: Compact and High Efficiency Head‐Up Display for Vehicle Application
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Luo Kuang‐Tso
Published: October 2012

A head up display using 7 inches TFT liquid crystal panel and 13 white light LEDs has been proposed, in which a lens array illumination optics direct the illumination light toward the eye box of the driver so that energy utilization is highly effective. Due to the direct illumination configuration, the thickness of the whole HUD module is 80 mm.
72.5L: Late‐News Paper: Introducing Scalable, Freeform, Immersive, High‐Definition Laser Phosphor Displays
Authors: Hajjar Roger A.
Published: October 2012

We will introduce a new, direct view technology that can be configured in multiple shapes, form factors, and resolutions with examples of initial commercial deployment from large to ultra large sizes. This new display boasts high quality, real‐time video with low power consumption, long life and low cost manufacturing infrastructure. In this paper, we will describe this new technology and its attributes in detail.
75.2L: Late‐News Paper: A Passive‐Matrix Inorganic LED Array as a Projection Source
Authors: Lee Vincent W. , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: October 2012

State‐of‐the‐art LEDs are the brightest controllable light source known with optical intensities greater than 40W/cm2. When patterned into an array, LEDs function as both the light source and image generator for projection systems, increasing light path efficiencies by 5‐10X. We fabricate a monolithically integrated 10 × 10 LED passive matrix, which validates the potential of LED arrays as projection sources.
P‐158: LC Barrier with a Shifted ITO Electrode Structure for Additional Sweet Spots
Authors: Kang Kihyung , Park Sangmoo , Hwang Seondeok , Yoon Junghoon , Hwang Dongchoon , Moon Soobae , Cho Andy , Park Taesung , Kim Yongje
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we propose a shifted ITO electrode structure of a LC barrier for additional sweet spots in the auto‐stereoscopic 3D display. The shifted ITO electrode is consisted of vertically inter‐digital ITO electrodes both bottom and top electrodes. They are assembled with horizontally shifted by a half pitch. We can drive each electrode according to the viewer position. It gives an effect of varying the viewing zone. By doing this, we can widen the viewing zone with head tracking technique. It can give a viewer some freedom of viewing position with an image of high quality.
P‐9: Bridged Grain MIC Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistors with Sputtered AlOx as Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Zhou Wei , Meng Zhiguo , Zhao Shuyun , Zhang Meng , Chen Rongsheng , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2012

Bridged grain (BG) technology was applied to fabricate MIC poly‐Si TFTs with AlOx gate dielectrics. The threshold voltage (Vth) and subthreshold swing (SS) of MIC TFTs are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the drawback of using high‐k dielectrics, such as large off‐state leakage current and early kink effect was effectively suppressed by using BG structure. Combination of BG and high‐k gate insulators makes the resulting device a promising candidate for system on panel applications.
P‐16: 3‐TFT OLED Pixel Circuit for High Stability with In‐pixel Current Source
Authors: Liu Ting , Sturm James C.
Published: October 2012

A new 3‐TFT voltage‐programmed pixel circuit with an in‐pixel current source is presented, which can be largely insensitive to the TFT threshold voltage shift. The fabricated pixel circuit provides OLED current ranging from 25nA to 2.9μA, an on/off ratio of 116 at typical QVGA display timing.
P‐139L: Late‐News Poster: AC Gate‐Drain‐Bias Stress Study of amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors for GOA Applications
Authors: Yang Chao‐Yu , Huang Shih‐Che , Chiu Hao‐Lin , Hsieh Ting , Yeh Bo‐Liang , Lin Ching Shun , Liao Ta‐Wen , Tseng Hsien‐Kai , Lin Chun Nan , Tsai Wen Ching
Published: October 2012

This paper investigates the reliability behavior of IGZO TFT with different widths under AC gate and drain stress. Device of larger width suffers from worse current degradation. By comparing the contact resistance after stress such behavior can be attributed to the damaged contact region by large current during stress.
P‐34: The Effects of Illuminance on Visibility of Reading Tablet Devices and E‐paper
Authors: Sano Shunta , Kanda Tetsuya , Uemoto Keita , Hasegawa Akira , Kojima Takehito , Miyao Masaru
Published: October 2012

We carried out experiments to evaluate the visibility of reading tablet devices and e‐paper under staged illuminance conditions (10 lx, 100 lx, 1,000 lx, 10,000 lx). In the experiments, we measured reading time, viewing distance and conducted subjective evaluations. This study found a dependency between visibility and illuminance of each device.
P‐145L:Late‐News Poster: Correlation with Pixel Density and Image Quality of Japanese Font by Subjective Evaluation using Ultra‐high Resolution (136 to 651 ppi) LCDs
Authors: Hisatake Yuzo , Iizuka Tetsuya , Kawamura Tetsuya , Nishibe Tohru , Takubo Yoneharu
Published: October 2012

Using ultra‐high resolution LCDs, the image quality was evaluated by subjective evaluation. In the results, electronic displays should have over 400 ppi of the pixel density to meet satisfaction of the subjects. Over 500 ppi, most subjects gave the optimal limit of evaluation score.
P‐37: Single Inductor Dual Output Digital Controller for TFT Liquid Crystal Display Driver
Authors: Liu Wen‐kuen Vincent , Chien Ming‐hong Brian , Chiang Mike , Chung K.C.
Published: October 2012

A digital control scheme for single‐inductor‐dual‐output (SIDO) regulator is shown. Amble of calculation power, in the deep‐sub‐micron Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) driver technology, enables maximum driving capability and efficiency to be achieved in a very constraint space. Operation frequency, on‐time of switches, and dual output phase allocation are determined by a novel algorithm for the most robust and efficient control.
P‐46: Establishing a Compensation Algorithm of AMOLED Display Degradation with the Particular Principle of Model Measurement
Authors: Lee Kuei‐Yu , Hsu Yen‐Ping , Chao Paul C.‐P. , Chang Jui‐Hsin , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: October 2012

This study proposes a compensation algorithm of AMOLED display degradation, which is established with the particular model measurements previously. It can be used with diverse OLED devices and any pixel circuits. By utilizing the algorithm, AMOLED display degradation can be compensated more accurate.
P‐51: Low Temperature Crystallization of a‐InGaZnO4 Films
Authors: Hiroe Akihiko , Goto Tetsuya , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Ohmi Tadahiro
Published: October 2012

We have investigated the annealing behavior of a‐IGZO4 and found out that crystallization takes place at relatively low temperature of around 400°C when deposited by pure argon and then annealed in argon ambient. When deposited in 4%O2/Ar, on the other hand, only small network change is observed even after the annealing at 600°C in argon. These results show that oxygen vacancy, which is created during deposition and/or argon annealing, induces the lattice defects and helps create a crystalline phase of InGaZnO4.
P‐65: A Novel Highly CoNimating Backlight Module Using a Double Wedge‐Shaped Light Guide Plate
Authors: Wang Yi‐Jun , Lu Jian‐Gang , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: October 2012

A novel highly collimated backlight module transforming a point light source into a planar light source by means of a double wedge‐shaped light‐guide plate (LGP) was designed. The uniformity of spatial luminous can reach 80.5% at view cone of ±1.8 deg. The Gray‐half‐tone technology can be used to fabricate the microstructures for mass productions.
P‐67: Enhanced Photoluminescence Property of Single‐Molecular Precursor CdSe/ZnS Quantum Rod
Authors: Zhou Yidan , Chen Jing , Lei Wei
Published: October 2012

In this paper, an effective synthesis route for CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum rod fabricated by a single‐molecular precursor is introduced. From the experiment results, the optimum volume ratio of as‐prepared CdSe to ZnS raw material can be achieved of 1:1.7. The photoluminescence intensity of CdSe/ZnS increases to 3‐fold compared to CdSe.
P‐68: Distinquished Student Poster Paper: Dye‐Bridged Hybrid Materials for Robust and High‐Performance Wavelength Converter of White LEDs
Authors: Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Kim Na Ree , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: October 2012

Red and green dye‐bridged hybrid materials (DBHs) are synthesized as organic wavelength converter to increase color rendering index and color temperature tunability of phosphor based white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). DBH based white LEDs show high performance and it is ensured to have long term thermal stability for solid‐state lighting application.
P‐70: The Effect of Orthogonal Solvent of Colloidal Quantum Dots on QD‐LED device
Authors: Kim Yohan , Kim Se Min , Park Hanho , Moon Dae‐gyu , Kang Jungwon , Han Chul Jong
Published: October 2012

We investigated the orthogonal solvent of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in order to deposit poly‐TPD hole transport layer without damages and enhance the performances of QD‐LEDs. Using hexane and heptane as nonpolar organic solvent of QDs does not affect poly‐TPD layer has found. 3 mg/ml in hexane shows highest luminance and current efficiency but creates non‐uniform QD‐layer because lower boiling point of hexane. The last we found that even different concentration of QDs in heptane show similar device performance.
P‐74: WITHDRAWN: P‐75: Characteristics of Two‐level Sustain Waveform in AC‐PDP
Authors: Park Jongsun , Eom Sangheum , Kang Jungwon
Published: October 2012

In this paper two‐level sustain‐waveforms for ac‐PDP were proposed and studied. The luminance, IR emission and current of sustain discharge were measured for four different waveforms and these were compared to the results of a conventional waveform. The proposed waveform showed 20% higher luminance and 55.6% higher efficiency than the conventional.
P‐77: Image Sticking in a Flexible Liquid Crystal Display Stabilized with Polymers: Surface Gliding Effect
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: October 2012

We studied about the image sticking in the flexible liquid crystal display stabilized with polymers. We found that the image sticking of the polymer‐stabilized nematic liquid crystal was related to the surface gliding effect of the easy axis. We examined the time evolution of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules as well as the polymer networks, and also investigated the dependence of the image sticking on the constituent monomer molecules.
P‐78: Electrophoretic Hybrid Particles Synthesis by Dispersion Polymerization in Organic Media: Towards Electrophoretic Display Applications
Authors: Charbonnier Antoine , Brochon Cyril , Cloutet Eric , Hadziioannou Georges
Published: October 2012

The effective sharing of information is a key parameter in our actual society. Electronic paper based on the controlled motion of electrophoretic particles appears thus promising since it combines the advantages of the usual paper (flexibility, reflective display) and the capacity to refresh information on the same support like the more common LCD or OLED technologies. Electrophoretic inks are composed of coloured charged particles which migrate under an electrical field between two electrodes. Depending of the position of the particles on the front plane, the colour on the screen can be tuned. The design of electrophoretic particles based on pigment or dyed polymer and their integration in electronic devices were successfully achieved during the last decade but are still limited to a two colour‐electrophoretic system. Up to date the majority of these particles were synthesized in aqueous media and the electrophoretic mobility was achieved by a ionic stabilizer or by a polyelectrolyte surfactant. Moreover the final electrophoretic particles incorporated in the electronic devices have to be dispersed in an organic media (paraffin oil) in order to achieve the desired stability of the display and thus leads to a large variety of problems during the phase exchange process.

In this work our goals were to rationalize and improve the ink synthesis as well as to design electrophoretic inks with the full colour panel in order to realize the next generation of electrophoretic displays. We performed the particle synthesis by using an organic dispersion technique in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents leading to chargeable electrophoretic particles with a good size control over a large range (from 75nm to 20μm) and a good stability. In order to obtain the full color panel, the encapsulation of several inorganic pigments was achieved by using the same technique and the electrophoretic behaviour of the resulting inks was characterized in a cell specially designed for electrophoretic measurements in organic media.
P‐80: WITHDRAWN: P‐81: Printed Organic Single‐crystal TFTs with Bottom‐contact Structure
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hoon , Yoo Byungwook , Oh Min Suk , Lim Chang‐Yoon , Han Jeong‐In , Heo Jae‐Sang , Park Sung Kyu
Published: October 2012

Single‐crystal 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by ink‐jet printing with bottom‐contact structure. Direct printed organic single crystals were obtained using selective surface energy modification and mixed solvent system. The ink‐jet printed organic single crystal TFT showed field‐effect mobility as high as 1.7 cm2/Vs with post solvent annealing process.
P‐83: Ghosting Reduction Driving Method in Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Yang Shang‐Han , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yang Bo‐Ru , Chang Ming‐Jen , Huang Jo‐Cheng , Hsieh Yao‐Jen
Published: October 2012

We proposed a design rule of driving waveforms to reduce the ghost image issue in the electrophoretic displays with fewer flickers, shorter driving time, and better human perception. Meanwhile, some electro‐kinetics was related to the design rule to support the validity of this method. Most important of all, the performance of this method was improved comparing to current ghosting reduction driving methods.
P‐96: Stable Chiral Hybrid In‐Plane‐Switching Mode for Transparent Display
Authors: Kang Young Eun , Jo Soo In , Park June Kyu , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon , Heo Jeong Wook , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate a transparent display using a chiral hybrid in‐plane‐switching (CH‐IPS) mode with high transmittance. To obtain the stable alignment in the CHIPS mode, the vertical alignment layer mixed with reactive mesogen was used. High transparency and excellent dark state for the transparent display applications were achieved.
P‐102: Advanced Patterned Vertical Aligned Nematic Mode with Improved High Transmittance
Authors: Gwag Jin Seog , Yu Seung Hun , Kwon Jin Hyuk
Published: October 2012

We present advanced patterned vertical aligned nematic liquid crystal (APVA) mode characterized by multi‐electrodes with fixed voltages which play important role to generate horizontal electric field that prevents LC disclination in vicinity of the middle region of electrodes exhibiting patterned vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal mode (PVA mode). The proposed APVA mode is focused on improving dramatically transmittance with excellent image quality. The APVA mode improves transmittance by 20%, compared with the conventional VA modes. So the proposed APVA mode can improve response speed and transmittance remarkably. Consequently, it is useful to upgrade the LCD display quality.
P‐123: Lifetime Measurement and Reliability upon Storage of Thin‐Film Encapsulated PIN OLED
Authors: Maindron Tony , Doyeux Henri , Kanaan Hani , Simon Jean‐Yves , Viasnoff Emile
Published: October 2012

A multilayer thin‐film encapsulation process based on the use of Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) has been developed at LETI. Its impact onto OLED characteristics and onto the lifetime degradation of devices has been studied. The degradation model has been compared to the usual model of glass‐encapsulated OLED and the performances of the thin‐film encapsulation has been evaluated upon storage in 65°C/85%RH conditions.
P‐152L: Late‐News Poster: Self‐Refreshable Lighting Device Using Liquid OLED Material
Authors: Shim Chang‐Hoon , Hirata Shuzo , Oshima Juro , Edura Tomohiko , Hattori Reiji , Adachi Chihaya
Published: October 2012

We made a self‐refreshable lighting device using liquid OLED which can emit light in the liquid state. This device has a mesh‐structure cathode made by means of MEMS processes and a liquid reservoir in the backside of the cathode. Although luminance decreased as the light emitting, the degraded emitting material was refreshed by natural replacement from the reservoir in the backside.
P‐134: A High‐SNR Area‐Efficient Readout Circuit using a Delta‐Integration Method for Capacitive Touch Screen Panels
Authors: Yang Jun‐Hyeok , Park Sang‐Hui , Jeon Jin‐Yong , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Park Chang‐Byung , Lee Jin‐Chul , Kim Jin‐Woo , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: October 2012

A new architecture to improve the SNR of the readout circuit for capacitive TSPs is introduced. The architecture shows better performance in spite of requiring less power consumption and using an integration capacitor that is roughly half in size compared with a previous work. It averages noises by repeated integration and substantially mitigates the effect of display noise through a differential sensing technique. Furthermore, it does not require additional calibration circuitry to correct the settling error by different delay paths because two adjacent lines in differential sensing have almost the same R‐C time constant. The circuit is designed in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology.
Second harmonic generation microscopy as a powerful diagnostic imaging modality for human ovarian cancer
Authors: Adur Javier , Pelegati Vitor B. , de Thomaz Andre A. , Baratti Mariana O. , Andrade Liliana A. L. A. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Bottcher‐Luiz Fátima , Cesar Carlos Lenz
Published: October 2012

In this study we showed that second‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy combined with precise methods for images evaluation can be used to detect structural changes in the human ovarian stroma. Using a set of scoring methods (alignment of collagen fibers, anisotropy, and correlation), we found significant differences in the distribution and organization of collagen fibers in the stroma component of serous, mucinous, endometrioid and mixed ovarian tumors as compared with normal ovary tissue. This methodology was capable to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue, with clear cut distinction between normal, benign, borderline, and malignant tumors of serous type. Our results indicated that the combination of different image‐analysis approaches presented here represent a powerful tool to investigate collagen organization and extracellular matrix remodeling in ovarian tumors (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Binomial k‐Clique
Authors: Narayana Nithya Sai , Sane Sharad
Published: October 2012

A finite collection C of k‐sets, where is called a k‐clique if every two k‐sets (called lines) in C have a nonempty intersection and a k‐clique is a called a maximal k‐clique if and C is maximal with respect to this property. That is, every two lines in C have a nonempty intersection and there does not exist A such that , and for all . An elementary example of a maximal k‐clique is furnished by the family of all the k‐subsets of a ‐set. This k‐clique will be called the binomial k‐clique. This paper is intended to give some combinatorial characterizations of the binomial k‐clique as a maximal k‐clique. The techniques developed are then used to provide a large number of examples of mutually nonisomorphic maximal k‐cliques for a fixed value of k.
Localization of Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Gonadotropin‐Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH), Kisspeptin and GnRH Receptor and Their Possible Roles in Testicular Activities From Birth to Senescence in Mice
Authors: Anjum Shabana , Krishna Amitabh , Sridaran Rajagopala , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2012

The changes in distribution and concentration of neuropeptides, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH), kisspeptin, and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRH‐R) were evaluated and compared with reproductive parameters, such as cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage (P450 SCC) enzyme activity, androgen receptors (AR) in the testis and serum testosterone levels, from birth to senescence in mice. The results showed the localization of these molecules mainly in the interstitial and germ cells as well as showed significant variations in immunostatining from birth to senescence. It was found that increased staining of testicular GnRH‐R coincided with increased steroidogenic activity during pubertal and adult stages, whereas decreased staining coincides with decreased steroidogenic activity during senescence. Similar changes in immunostaining were confirmed by Western/slot blot analysis. Thus, these results suggest a putative role of GnRH during testicular pubertal development and senescence. Treatment with a GnRH agonist ([DTrp6, Pro9‐NEt] GnRH) to mice from prepubertal to pubertal period showed a significant increase in steroidogenic activity of the mouse testis and provided further support to the role of GnRH in testicular pubertal maturation. The significant decline in GnRH‐R during senescence may be due to a significant increase in GnIH synthesis during senescence causing the decrease in GnRH‐R expression. It is considered that significant changes in the levels of GnRH‐R may be responsible for changes in steroidogenesis that causes either pubertal activation or senescence in testis of mice. Furthermore, changes in the levels of GnRH‐R may be modulated by interactions among GnRH, GnIH, and kisspeptin in the testis. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:630–644, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pectoral girdle and fin anatomy ofGogonasus andrewsaelong, 1985: Implications for tetrapodomorph limb evolution
Authors: Holland Timothy
Published: October 2012

Recently discovered material has yielded new information on the pectoral girdle and fin endoskeleton ofGogonasusandrewsae(Frasnian Gogo Formation, Kimberley Region, Western Australia). These elements permit the first comprehensive description of the anocleithrum, cleithrum, scapulocoracoid, and lepidotrichia. New autapomorphies ofGogonasusinclude a square exposed region on the supracleithrum, an unusual knob‐like process on the scapulocoracoid, a relatively small entepicondyle, and lepidotrichia with I‐beam‐shaped cross sections. Several poorly ossified regions on the scapulocoracoid and humerus indicate an early ontogenetic state, as with other immature tetrapodomorph fish specimens. A phylogenetic analysis indicates a more stemward position forGogonasusin a weakly supported clade with other “osteolepidid” taxa, compared to other recent studies placingGogonasuscrownward of osteolepidid fishes and the Tristichopteridae, as the sister taxon to the “Elpistosteglia” + Tetrapoda. A phylogenetic position among megalichthyid fishes is suggested forSterropterygion, while radiographs of the megalichthyidCladarosymblemashow a scythe‐like radius terminating distally with that of the intermedium. New data on the scapulocoracoid of the rhizodontidBaramedareveals a coroacoid crest and small supraglenoid foramen. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.