bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Two-step Adsorption–flotation Process Applied to the Efficient Extraction and Precise Separation of Rb+ and Cs+ from Lithium–extraction Tailings
Authors: Fang Dezhen , Lu Miao , Wang Yanping , Zhang Qiongyuan , Ma Liang , Li Kexin , Liu Haining , Zhang Huifang , Shi Guosheng , Wu Zhijian , Ye Xiushen
Published: July 2023

Rb+ and Cs+ are important components of lepidolite lithium–extraction tailings. However, efficient extraction and separation of Rb+ and Cs+ are difficult. We developed a two-step adsorption–flotation strategy for extraction and separation of Rb+ and Cs+. This new strategy enabled extraction of Rb+ and Cs+ from lithium–extraction tailings with efficiencies >99% and the Cs+/Rb+ separation ratio was 20:1. These findings will shed light on the efficient extraction and precise separation of Rb+ and Cs+ in liquid minerals.
Η διαχείριση της γνώσης στις κοινότητες μάθησης και στα κοινωνικά δίκτυα
Authors: Κεκές Ιωακείμ
Published: July 2023

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της διαχείρισης της γνώσης στις κοινότητες μάθησης και στα κοινωνικά δίκτυα των φοιτητών Πανεπιστημίων, μέσα από την εξέταση παραμέτρων διαμοιρασμού της γνώσης μεταξύ φοιτητών, συσχετισμένες με αρχές, αντιλήψεις και συμπεριφορές τους. Το δείγμα της έρευνας (η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε προ πανδημίας covid-19) αποτέλεσαν χίλιοι πεντακόσιοι ενενήντα επτά (1.597) φοιτητές από έξι ελληνικά Πανεπιστήμια, με γεωγραφική διασπορά σε όλη τη χώρα (προηγήθηκε εκτεταμένη πιλοτική προέρευνα με τη συμμετοχή εκατόν εβδομήντα οκτώ (178) φοιτητών). Η έρευνα, με δεδομένη τη σκοποθεσία της και τα ερωτήματά της, ακολούθησε τη στρατηγική της ποσοτικής έρευνας, μέσω ερωτηματολογίων, με στόχο να προσεγγισθούν η πολλαπλή αιτιότητα και οι συσχετίσεις των παραγόντων στους οποίους εστιάζει η διατριβή. Για τον σκοπό αυτό δημιουργήθηκε το «Ερωτηματολόγιο Διαμοιρασμού Γνώσης για φοιτητές» (με εκατόν σαράντα επτά δηλώσεις), καθώς και το «Ερωτηματολόγιο Αρχών, Πεποιθήσεων και Αντιλήψεων» (με είκοσι τέσσερις δηλώσεις). Επιπρόσθετα, στο «Ερωτηματολόγιο Διαμοιρασμού της Γνώσης», ζητήθηκαν δύο γενικές κατηγορίες κατάταξης σημαντικότητας δηλώσεων, βασισμένες σε συγκεκριμένα κριτήρια. Η πρώτη κατηγορία εστίαζε στη σημαντικότητα παραγόντων διαμοιρασμού της γνώσης μεταξύ των φοιτητών και η δεύτερη στη σημαντικότητα παραγόντων διαμοιρασμού της γνώσης σε σχέση με την εξέλιξη του φοιτητή στο Πανεπιστήμιο, καθώς και τη βελτιωτική λειτουργία του Πανεπιστημίου. Η επεξεργασία των ερευνητικών δεδομένων έγινε με αναλύσεις Περιγραφικής Στατιστικής, Επαγωγικής Στατιστικής, Παραγοντική Ανάλυση, Πολυμεταβλητές Στατιστικές Αναλύσεις, Πολυκριτηριακή Ανάλυση και μέθοδο Borda. Αναδείχθηκε ένας πολύ μεγάλος αριθμός αποτελεσμάτων σχετικά με διάφορες διαστάσεις του διαμοιρασμού της γνώσης στις κοινότητες μάθησης των φοιτητών/τριών Πανεπιστημίων. Το πλήθος των αποτελεσμάτων και ευρημάτων προέκυψαν κυρίως λόγω: α) των εκτεταμένων ερευνητικών εργαλείων που διερευνούσαν ένα μεγάλο αριθμό παραμέτρων, β) του ασυνήθιστα μεγάλου δείγματος της έρευνας και γ) της εκτεταμένης και εξαντλητικής στατιστικής επεξεργασίας των δεδομένων της έρευνας. Επιπλέον, τα ευρήματα της έρευνας μπορούν να συμβάλλουν στην κατεύθυνση της λειτουργίας του Πανεπιστημίου, ως ανοικτού οργανισμού που μαθαίνει διαρκώς και αξιοποιεί αυτή τη γνώση για τη βελτίωση των δυνατοτήτων του εκπαιδευτικού και κοινωνικού του έργου και, γενικότερα, για την επιτυχία των στόχων του.
Ο φόβος στην πολιτική επικοινωνία
Authors: Θωμαΐδου Χρηστίνα
Published: July 2023

Η διατριβή πραγματεύεται το επίκαιρο ζήτημα της συμβολής των ΜΜΕ στη διαμόρφωση νέων υποκειμενικοτήτων υπό τις επείγουσες συνθήκες που έχουν ενσκήψει λόγω της παγκόσμιας οικονομικής κρίσης και έχουν φέρει στο προσκήνιο προβλήματα τα οποία έχουν άμεση σχέση με την ποιότητα και τη δύναμη του δημοσιογραφικού λόγου στη δημόσια ζωή. Στο επίκεντρο της μελέτης βρίσκονται τα συναισθήματα που βιώνει ο σύγχρονος άνθρωπος αλλά και ο τρόπος με τον οποίο εκλαμβάνει τα γεγονότα με τη διαμεσολάβηση των ΜΜΕ, τα αξιολογεί και τέλος σε ποιες πολιτικές αποφάσεις ή κοινωνικές πρακτικές μεταφράζεται η πρόσληψη των διάφορων ερεθισμάτων από τον εξωτερικό, υλικό κόσμο. Οι δύο κεντρικές έννοιες, ο φόβος και η μετα-αλήθεια, βρίσκουν ιδιαίτερη απήχηση στην παρούσα συγκυρία στην οποία κυριαρχεί η αβεβαιότητα και προκύπτει η επιτακτική ανάγκη επανεπινόησης των όρων της κοινής ζωής. Βασική επιστημονική στόχευση αποτελεί η μελέτη του ρόλου της γλώσσας, των δομών της και των νοημάτων που εκφέρονται στον δημόσιο λόγο που ουσιαστικά επέχουν τη θέση της κατασκευής μιας πραγματικότητας, η οποία αποτυπώνεται πάνω στα ανταγωνιστικά αφηγήματα της μνημονιακής περιόδου. Η μεθοδολογική επιλογή της ποιοτικής έρευνας επιτρέπει τη διερεύνηση των νοημάτων και της πολλαπλότητάς τους προκειμένου να διαπιστώσουμε τον ενδεχομενικό χαρακτήρα που προσλαμβάνει η ερμηνεία της κρίσης και να κατανοήσουμε τα φαινόμενα μέσα από την οπτική, τις εμπειρίες και τις ιστορίες των υποκειμένων. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στην παραγωγή γνώσης για την ελληνική κρίση χρέους μέσα από τη συλλογή και ερμηνευτική επεξεργασία των υφιστάμενων δεδομένων που εντοπίζονται στα δημοσιεύματα του Τύπου της περιόδου αναφοράς και σε αντίστοιχα ευρήματα από το διαδίκτυο, αλλά και νέων δεδομένων που αντλούνται μέσα από τις προσωπικές αφηγήσεις δημοσιογράφων και πολιτικών πρωταγωνιστών που επιλέχθηκαν και ανταποκρίθηκαν στην πρόσκληση για παραχώρηση συνέντευξης αποκλειστικά για τους σκοπούς της παρούσας διατριβής. Η χρήση και η αξιολόγηση του πραγματολογικού υλικού επιτρέπει την αναδιατύπωση της αρχικής σύλληψης με βάση τα ολοένα διευρυνόμενα αποτελέσματα της ερευνητικής διαδικασίας, η οποία στηρίζεται στην καταγραφή, κατανόηση, εννοιολόγηση και ερμηνεία των δεδομένων που υπάγονται σε ένα θεωρητικό πρίσμα αντλημένο από το πεδίο των κοινωνικών επιστημών και ειδικότερα την Πολιτική Επιστήμη και Φιλοσοφία και τις θεωρίες Πολιτικής Επικοινωνίας που αποτελούν το αναγκαίο θεμέλιο της διατριβής για την επιστημολογική προσέγγιση και τεκμηρίωσή της. Η ερμηνεία του εκφερόμενου πολιτικού και δημοσιογραφικού λόγου υπό το πρίσμα του φόβου και της προπαγάνδας οδηγεί στη διεύρυνση του πεδίου της έρευνας με το γενικότερο ερώτημα σχετικά με τον συμβολικό ρόλο των ΜΜΕ την επίμαχη περίοδο, δηλαδή εάν λειτούργησαν σαν σύγχρονοι θεσμοί κυριαρχίας, καταπίεσης και βιοεξουσίας συμβάλλοντας στον παραλυτικό μετασχηματισμό της κοινωνίας και αν αυτό μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί ως μια πάγια τάση υπέρβασης του θεσμικού τους ρόλου ή αποτελεί ένα τυχαίο συμβάν στην ελληνική περίπτωση που δεν οφείλεται σε συγκεκριμένες σκοπιμότητες.
Διερεύνηση των γλωσσικών ιδεολογιών και πρακτικών γονέων και παιδιών με πολύγλωσσο υπόβαθρο
Authors: Μαλλιαρού Μαρία-Ειρήνη
Published: July 2023

Η παρουσιαζόμενη διατριβή έχει ως αντικείμενο τη συνεξέταση των οικογενειακών γλωσσικών πολιτικών, δηλαδή των ιδεολογιών και πρακτικών γονέων μεταναστών/τριών με αλβανική καταγωγή και των παιδιών τους, καθώς και των εκπαιδευτικών τους στη χώρα υποδοχής, ώστε να ανιχνευθούν διαστάσεις της (γλωσσικής) κοινωνικοποίησης ή γλωσσικού και κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού. Συγκεκριμένα, η έρευνα τοποθετείται στο ελληνικό κοινωνικοπολιτικό συγκείμενο, το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από εκτεταμένη μετανάστευση και πιο πρόσφατα από τη συνθήκη της πανδημίας. Εστιάζοντας στο σχολείο αλλά και στη γειτονιά, η διατριβή εδράζεται στην προσπάθεια «εισόδου» στο υπερποικίλο γλωσσικό περιβάλλον (Dendrinos, 2018).Ειδικότερα, οι οικογενειακές γλωσσικές πολιτικές συσχετίζονται με τις αντίστοιχες γλωσσικές και εκπαιδευτικές πολιτικές του σχολείου, καθώς και με τις πολιτικές ένταξης που ακολουθεί η κοινωνία υποδοχής μέσα από την παρατήρηση των κοινωνιογλωσσικών διεπιδράσεων στο πλαίσιο του σχολείου και της γειτονιάς ώστε να εξεταστεί αν και σε τι βαθμό αυτές αλληλοεπηρεάζονται. Μέσω μιας κοινωνιογλωσσικής μελέτης περίπτωσης πραγματοποιείται επιτόπια έρευνα γλωσσικής εθνογραφίας που περιλαμβάνει α) συμμετοχική παρατήρηση εντός του σχολείου, καθώς και στους τόπους παιχνιδιού στη γειτονιά, και β) ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις με 5 οικογένειες [οκτώ (8) γονείς, έξι (6) μαθητές/τριες] και τρεις (3) εκπαιδευτικούς. Στο περιβάλλον της οικογένειας διερευνώνται οι γλωσσικές πολιτικές γονέων αλβανικής καταγωγής και των παιδιών τους αναφορικά με τις γλώσσες που (δεν) χρησιμοποιούν, με εστίαση στη διερεύνηση των σχέσεων ισότητας και σεβασμού ως προς τις γλωσσικές τους αποφάσεις. Επιπλέον, στο πλαίσιο του σχολείου διερευνώνται οι γλωσσικές και εκπαιδευτικές πολιτικές που ακολουθούνται ώστε να ανιχνευθούν διαστάσεις γλωσσικής δικαιοσύνης και σεβασμού στα γλωσσικά δικαιώματα όλων των μαθητών/τριών στην τάξη. Οι πρακτικές των γονέων, των εκπαιδευτικών και των παιδιών ερμηνεύονται έπειτα σε σχέση με τις ευρύτερες γλωσσικές ιδεολογίες που αναπαράγονται από το κοινωνικό και σχολικό περιβάλλον στο πλαίσιο μιας επαρχιακής πόλης. Τα ερευνητικά δεδομένα αναλύονται ως προς τις διαδικασίες γλωσσικής διατήρησης/μετατόπισης που παρατηρούνται στις οικογενειακές γλωσσικές πολιτικές. Απώτερος στόχος της διατριβής είναι να συνεισφέρει στη συζήτηση για τη γλωσσική δικαιοσύνη (‘linguistic justice’) στο οικογενειακό περιβάλλον, καθώς και στο πλαίσιο του σχολείου και της κοινωνίας.
Case Report: Smoking as the risk factor of persistent STEMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: how it could be happen?
Authors: Pintaningrum Yusra , Yusuf Ricky Setiadi , Ramdani Baiq Hanida Aolia , Putri Shadiqa Rana , Wulandari Dwi Astuti
Published: July 2023

Background

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common disease. Smoking may increase the risk of ACS. The most advantageous therapy is percutaneous coronary intervention. This therapy may fail which is no-reflow phenomenon as the result.

Total occlusion may increase the risk of no-reflow phenomenon which it could be worse with smoking as the habits. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may show in electrocardiogram (ECG).

Case description

A 37-year-old male came to the hospital with chest pain as the main complaint. ECG examination showed that there was wide anterior STEMI. Coronary angiography was then done and confirmed that there was total occlusion in left anterior descending artery. After two days hospitalization, the patient developed to cardiogenic shock and lead to acute decompensated heart failure. An ECG showed there was STEMI anterior after primary PCI.

Discussion

Many chemicals agent contain in cigarette smoking and it may induce the lipid oxidation which leads to plaque deposits. Plaque that deposits in coronary artery may rupture and make thrombus occlusion. This occlusion may partial or total, when there is total occlusion, STEMI was the result. Then, releasing the occlusion is needed for this situation ant PCI may be chosen as the therapy. Patient with wide ischemia may result the no-reflow phenomenon which may lead to heart failure and shock cardiogenic as the complication.

Conclusion

Smoking may induce ACS which leads to STEMI and may increase the failure of PCI therapy. No-reflow phenomenon is the evidence of miscarriage in therapy which it may increase because of smoking.
Mastodon footprints found to be water erosion in the Quebrada de Chalán (Licto, Ecuador)
Authors: Mendoza Benito , Jiménez Mauro , Pedro Carretero Pedro , Hernández Jhonnatan , Loaiza Jennifer , Brito Daniela , Peñafiel Geonatan
Published: July 2023

The Chalan ravine is a deep bed creek that runs through Licto (Ecuador). It has been known since the 19th century for the abundance of paleontological remains of Pleiostocene fauna and megafauna in its profiles, where entire remains of mastodons were recovered. The abundance of these remains made one of the high areas, where marmites exist in different forms, was traditionally considered as mastodon footprints. Archaeological prospecting, geographic information system (GIS) technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), photogrammetry, and the geological study of the place, allowed us to determine that the mythical traces of mastodon were marmites made by the water erosion produced in the same ravine over time.
Synergistic effect of the combination of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) and doxorubicin in inhibiting PI3K and Cyclin D in oral squamous cell carcinoma: in vitro study
Authors: Listiyana Anik , Rachmawati Yuanita Lely , Susianti Hani , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Sujuti Hidayat , Mutiah Roihatul , Endharti Agustina Tri
Published: July 2023

Background: The most common type of lips and oral cavity cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Doxorubicin (DX) is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug, but its use is limited due to risk factors and drug resistance. Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) (CC) has potential as an anticancer agent. Combining the plant extract and chemotherapy drug might prevent OSCC proliferation by inhibiting PI3K and cyclin D protein. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the synergistic effect of the combination of C. cinerariifolium (Trev.) and doxorubicin in inhibiting PI3K and Cyclin D protein.

Methods: Human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines SCC-9 were used in this study. A cytotoxicity assay was performed to obtain the IC50 value of CC ethanol extract and DX on the SCC-9 cell line. Synergism evaluation of the combination CC and DX was analyzed using CompuSyn software. ELISA and the immunofluorescent assay were performed to determine the level of PI3K and cyclin D in the SCC-9 cell line after being treated with IC50 value of CC, IC50 value of DX and three combinations of CC and DX [7/8 IC50 CC + 1/8 IC50 DX (dose 1), 6/8 IC50 CC + 2/8 IC50 DX (dose 2), and 4/8 IC50 CC + 4/8 IC50 DX (dose 3).

Results: CC stem ethanol extract and DX inhibited the proliferation of SCC-9 cell lines with the IC50 value of 133.4 µg/mL and 288.3 nM, respectively. The combination of CC and DX at dose 2 (6/8 IC50 CC + 2/8 IC50 DX) exhibited a high decrease in PI3K and cyclin D expression.

Conclusions: The combination of C. cinerariifolium and doxorubicin synergistically declined OSCC proliferation by inhibiting PI3K and cyclin D expression.
Play and dance therapy: a review of theories, techniques and didactic methodologies for the motor recovery of children with disabilities
Authors: Valentini Manuela , Teloni Laura , Prokopiak Anna
Published: July 2023

Background: This research is aimed at analysing the effectiveness of play activities and dance-therapy programmes in improving the psycho-physical condition and increasing the well-being of individuals with disabilities.

Methods: Online search engines (e.g., EBSCOhost, PubMed, the American Journal of Dance) were consulted using parameters such as "physical disabilities" or "dance with music" or "childhood" and excluding protocols published before 2010. Eleven intervention protocols were analysed. These concerned play and dance-therapy courses targeted at disabled subjects under 14 years of age.

Results: It was found that at the end of the play sessions, higher muscular activation and improvement of quality of communication exchanges with the family members was found. With regard to the dance-therapy protocols, improvement was reported in general coordination, balance ability and a decrease in maladaptive behaviour in children with disabilities.

Conclusions: With the improvement in physical performance, an increase in the subjects' state of well-being is also noted, underlining a strong body-mind connection. For future studies, it is recommended that the number of participants in individual studies should be larger and to include a control group to make the results generalisable on a large scale.
The identification of high-performing antibodies for Charged multivesicular body protein 2b for use in Western Blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence
Authors: Alshafie Walaa , Fotouhi Maryam , Ayoubi Riham , Shlaifer Irina , Southern Kathleen , McPherson Peter S. , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group
Published: July 2023

Charged multivesicular body protein 2B is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESRCT-III), a complex implicated in the lysosomal degradation pathway and formation of multivesicular bodies. Mutations to the CHMP2B gene can result in abnormal protein aggregates in neurons and is therefore predicted to be associated in neurodegenerative diseases, including across the ALS-FTD spectrum. Through our standardized experimental protocol which compares read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls, this study aims to enhance the reproducibility of research on this target by characterizing eight commercial antibodies against charged multivesicular body protein 2b using Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. We identified many high-performing antibodies and encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibody for their specific needs.
The rationing of nursing care phenomenon in the light of scientific reports – professional and personal satisfaction, life orientation of nursing staff – PART III
Authors: Milecka Dorota , Homętowska Henryka , Manulik Stanisław
Published: July 2023

Rationing of nursing care is a widespread and growing phenomenon whose causes are multifaceted and whose consequences are serious. Nursing rationing is defined as withholding or failing to perform necessary nursing tasks due to insufficient time, staffing, and/or inadequate skills. Nursing rationing is also defined as omission, delay, failure to complete, which qualifies as an error of omission. Unfinished nursing care has many negative consequences for patients, nurses and organizations. The presented series of three papers aims to show many important aspects related to rationing of care. This third part of the series of rationing of nursing care phenomenon will address the important issues from the point of view of care rationing, such as nurses' job satisfaction, nursing staff life satisfaction, nursing staff burnout, and nursing staff life orientation.
Analysis of online surveys on endometriosis-symptoms, effects of treatment and how to treat the patient to cope with the disease
Authors: Misiło Adriana , Sosna Monika , Mordoń Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

Endometriosis is a complex disease syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation affecting mainly the pelvic organs. The etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. In the course of trying to understand the mechanisms that lead to the development of endometriosis, many hypotheses have been put forward, such as the theory of retrograde blood flow or the theory of metaplasia and induction. Endometriosis is the cause of many ailments and deterioration of the quality of life. In addition, it is an important factor in problems with getting pregnant and infertility.
This paper is the summary of the survey results. The aim of the study to collect information of the awareness of the disease, methods of treatment and coping with ailments. The study was conducted via an online survey in the period from January to March 2020. The generated link [1], redirecting directly to the survey was placed on internet groups that gather women struggling with endometriosis. The results of the survey are presented below.
Fractional microneedle radiofrequency - mechanism of action and assessment of safety, effectiveness in the treatment, and possible side effects based on a review of scientific literature
Authors: Nowak Aleksandra , Nowak Alicja , Bogusz Klaudia , Cywka Łucja , Baran Natalia , Bielak Adriana , Szwed Weronika , Maksymowicz Marcela , Machowiec Piotr
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: 

For all skin types, micro-needle radiofrequency (FMR) can be a safe and effective aesthetic medicine procedure for the treatment of various dermatological and aesthetic conditions. The aim of the study is to present the mechanism of action and assess safety, treatment efficacy, and possible side effects on the basis of a review of the scientific literature. 

Description of the state of knowledge: 

FMR uses micro-needles to penetrate the skin to a depth of up to 4.5 mm and deliver radiofrequency current in a fractional manner, producing the controlled fractions of micro-injuries in the dermis, inducing neocollagenesis, neoelastinogenesis, and angiogenesis. FMR has a wide range of positive effects such as skin rejuvenation, skin tightening, facial and body scar remodeling, and hair growth through transdermal collagen induction. 

Summary: 

Increasingly, patients are looking for minimally invasive methods of skin tightening and fat remodeling. In response, Aesthetic Medicine has proposed a combination of two techniques, micro-needling and radiofrequency. As more and more studies are showing the effectiveness and efficiency of this procedure, also emphasizing its safety, minimal risk of serious side effects, and ease of use, micro-needle radiofrequency is being proposed as an attractive answer to people's desires for a less invasive method of skin rejuvenation. However, further research in this area is needed to optimize the parameters of the treatment to achieve the best results.
Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis before two great discoveries of the 20th century: the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine and streptomycin
Authors: Adamowicz Dominik , Łopuszyńska Inga , Zembala Julita , Stańczyk Justyna , Meliksetian Astrik , Wosińska Alicja , Pazik Dorota , Kosecka Katarzyna , Cieślik Aleksandra , Jargieło Anna
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Purpose. Fundamental milestone in fight against tuberculosis is the invention of the effective vaccine, but before Anthony van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe the bacteria, which opened the door to the first vaccinations in the 19th century. Medicine had battled against infectious diseases in different ways. Some methods can be perceived as a kind of primitive vaccines, which couldn’t, however, considerably affect a decrease in the epidemic range, due to their uncommon use and limited effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to analyze the history of tuberculosis and the role of Poland in the fight against it.

Materials and methods. PubMed database was used for review of the literature. The following phrases were searched in English: “tuberculosis”, “vaccination”, “BCG vaccine”, “sanatorium”.

Description of the state of knowledge. Poland played an important role in the fight against tuberculosis. It was in the laboratory of Polish pharmacist, where Koch discovered its etiological factor. In the territory of Poland there are prototypes of modern sanatoria for tuberculosis patients. Article also presents old and modern methods of tuberculosis treatment, as the use of specific climatic conditions, which resulted in developing health-resort treatment. A breakthrough in the methods used was the discovery of streptomycin in the middle of the 20th century, which led to the development of pharmacological treatment, nowadays involving the administration of proper combinations of drugs.

Summary. The increasingly strong anti-vaccine movement is slowly destroying what people have been fighting for the centuries. It is worth recalling how we reached milestones in this fight and why immunization is so important for all societies.
Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: a literature review
Authors: Żurek Urszula , Michalska Milena , Tołwiński Ignacy , Lubaszka Zuzanna , Fiega Jakub , Szewczyk Dorota , Kędzierska Zofia , Antkowiak Klaudia , Dadas Klaudia , Świercz Aleksandra , Małachowska Dominika , Ciecierski-Koźlarek Hubert , Sikorska Ewa , Shved Kateryna
Published: July 2023

Opioid therapy plays a crucial role in the management of acute and chronic pain, with opioids being widely prescribed worldwide. However, alongside the analgesic benefits, the use of opioids is associated with a range of adverse effects, including opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction refers to a constellation of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the effects of opioids on the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms primarily manifest as constipation, but can also include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction poses a significant clinical challenge, as it can severely affect patients' quality of life. Non-pharmacological approaches alone are rarely sufficient to counteract the adverse effects of opioid therapy. The primary pharmacological agents used in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction management are laxatives, which should be chosen according to individual patient needs. Patients with poorly controlled symptoms can benefit from new pharmacological approaches, particularly peripheral mu-opioid receptor antagonists. By better understanding the underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care, minimize complications, and improve patients' overall well-being.
Burosumab - new potent treatment for X-linked hypophosphatemia and tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Wojtuś Magda , Tomaszuk Sebastian , Wąsik Karolina
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose:
Elevated FGF23 in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) leads to systemic hypophosphatemia, several musculoskeletal manifestations and rickets in children. In this review we describe advances in the management of XLH and TIO using burosumab, which is a new therapeutic option approved both for adults and children. A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholarship databases.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Patients with XLH and TIO exhibit a similar clinical picture and way of treatment. Although in TIO surgery is the only definitive treatment, some tumors cannot be removed due to their location. In this case oral conventional therapy is used in treating both in TIO and XLH. Another approved treatment option is the use of burosumab, which is a fully humanised FGF23-antibody. This therapy led to normalisation of phosphate homoeostasis and resulted in improvement of bone turnover, fracture healing, subjective pain, and physical function. Compared to conventional, oral therapy burosumab has been shown to be superior for treatment of XLH and TIO.Conclusions:
While burosumab appears to improve treatment outcomes, the effects of chronic or lifelong use have yet to be established. Long term follow-up studies would be necessary to assess especially the potential risk of nephrocalcinosis and cardiac calcification.
Alcohol in minors - a harmless fad or a serious problem?
Authors: Świątek Gabriela , Tkaczyk Rafał , Sosnowska Weronika , Tomkiewicz Maria , Taracha Kalina , Tomczyk Jakub , Tomkiewicz Maciej , Brzozowska Aleksandra , Śwital Magdalena , Tokarski Michał
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Alcohol has been known for centuries. In recent years, awareness of the effects of its consumption has been growing and acceptance of the drink has been declining. Despite this, there is an increase in young alcohol consumption and a decrease in the age of alcohol initiation. In this work, the problem of alcohol consumption by minors will be reviewed based on the evaluation of hospitalizations in the Clinical Department of Toxicology and Cardiology of the Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski Regional Hospital in Lublin in 2022. The aim of the study is to draw attention to this important, although often downplayed, problem.
Material and method: The study was retrospective in nature. It used an analysis of the records of 120 intoxications in people under the age of 18, from which a group of alcohol-poisoned people was distinguished, consisting of 37 cases.
Results: Hospitalization of 7 patients aged 13 to 18 years was reported due to alcohol intoxication. Of these, 22 (59.5%) female and 15 (40.5%) male patients were singled out. Most were urban residents 29 (78.4%). Isolated alcohol intoxication was the cause of 18 hospitalizations(48.6%). The remaining cases were accompanied by drug intoxication 11 hospitalizations (29.7%) and drug intoxication 8 hospitalizations (21.6%). All analyzed intoxications were intentional, of which 9 (24.3%) were suicide attempts. In 14 cases (37.9%), patients were burdened with mental illness, the most common of which was depressive disorders. There were no deaths in the study group.
Conclusions: Alcohol should be forbidden and unacceptable in the family and young people's environment. Parents and young people should be made aware of the harmful effects, psychological, social and health consequences of its consumption.
Physical Activity in Patients with IBD - Challenge, Opportunity, or Both?
Authors: Aab Arkadiusz , Zarańska Julia , Kędra Kamila , Michalik Izabela , Bielak Maciej
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a global public health problem, and their incidence is continuously increasing. IBD is characterized by a relapsing nature and is associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, malabsorption, and nutritional deficiencies. Patients affected by this disease are typically young individuals, and physical activity plays a significant role in this age group. Understanding the role of exercise and sports activities in individuals with IBD can help consider potential therapeutic interventions for these patients.
Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize the knowledge regarding the role of physical activity in patients with IBD.
Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: IBD, physical activity, stress and fatigue in individuals with IBD, anxiety in patients with IBD.
State of knowledge: The role of physical activity in promoting health and preventing various diseases is well-established. However, there is limited research on the association between exercise and IBD.
Conclusions: Physical activity, by reducing fatigue and stress, has a positive impact on the functioning of patients with IBD. There are reports suggesting a reduction in gastroenterological symptoms in patients after engaging in exercise. With appropriate control of the underlying disease using pharmacological and other recommended methods, participating in sports activities does not pose a barrier for patients. Physicians should encourage patients to engage in exercise with tailored intensity due to its beneficial effects on various aspects of life for individuals with IBD. Further research is necessary to explore this topic more extensively.
The potential of using exosomes in modern medicine
Authors: Kosecka Katarzyna , Rudziński Patryk , Cieślik Aleksandra , Jargieło Anna , Kosieradzka Karolina , Adamowicz Dominik , Stańczyk Justyna , Łopuszyńska Inga , Wosińska Alicja , Meliksetian Astrik
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work: The purpose of this article is to determine the potential for the application of exosomes in modern medicine, inferring from research directions in world  literature. Among other things, this paper considers some of the most recent work in the fields of aesthetic medicine, dermatology and transplantation. 
Methodology and materials: The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholarship, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was based on the following terms: exosomes, regenerative medicine, dermatology.
The variety of available scientific works on exosomes raises the question in which of the fields of medicine they will be used the fastest and/or most commonly. Given that a significant part of research focuses on their use in skin treatments, it can be expected that it will be dermatology and/or aesthetic medicine, given its exceptional openness to the implementation of new techniques and the constant search for new solutions that allow physiologically or optically to oppose aging. In addition, the use of exosomes is characterized by a relatively low risk of life-threatening complications or permanent damage to health.
However, the potential applications of exosomes in other fields of medicine should not be underestimated. Therefore, it can be expected that procedures and therapies using exosomes will also be developed and implemented independently in transplantology, cardiology, or other fields that can use exosomes as drug carriers or markers for early detection of complications or diseases.
Hidradenitis suppurativa - current and promising non-surgical treatment
Authors: Baran Natalia , Bogusz Klaudia , Maksymowicz Marcela , Bielak Adriana , Nowak Aleksandra , Cywka Łucja , Szwed Weronika , Nowak Alicja , Machowiec Piotr
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) also known as acne inversa is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis with predilection to apocrine gland-rich regions. It is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors play a key role. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current knowledge in most commonly used and emerging  treatment options of HS.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: The primary defect in HS pathophysiology involves follicular hyperkeratosis with occlusion of the pilosebaceous apparatus, followed by follicular rupture and immune responses. It typically develops after puberty with deep-seated painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts and scars. Due to the permanently painful, odorous lesions, hidradenitis suppurativa is one of the most distressing dermatological diseases with a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life. Inflammation in patients with HS is not limited to the skin but is systemic. Patients with HS frequently have significant comorbidities like metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, spondyloarthropathy, inflammatory bowel disease and depression. Treatment is challenging and consists of pharmacological and surgical techniques, which must often be combined for best results.
Materials and methods: A search was conducted using PubMed and GoogleScholar data bases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: “hidradenitis suppurativa”, “acne invera”, “treatement”, “management”, “biological treatement”.
Summary: Therapeutic options have rapidly evolved in the last decade and include the use of topical therapies, systemic antibiotics and a wide range of  immunosuppressive medications such as anti-TNF-α biologics, but the number of therapies approved for HS is limited.
Varicose veins - diagnostic and treatment methods
Authors: Bielak Adriana , Baran Natalia , Bogusz Klaudia , Cywka Łucja , Nowak Alicja , Maksymowicz Marcela , Machowiec Piotr , Nowak Aleksandra , Szwed Weronika
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Varicose veins of the lower limbs are quite common and common disease. Their presence may be associated with the occurrence of a number of symptoms that negatively affect the quality and comfort of life, such as swelling, leg pain and cosmetic defect.The aim of the study is to review the available literature and articles available in the PubMed database in order to learn about the pathophysiology of varicose veins, methods of diagnosis and the most popular methods of their treatment.

State of the knowledge: Varicose veins are described as fusiform dilatation of superficial veins with accompanying elongation and characteristic twisting. The main cause of their formation is insufficiency of the venous valve apparatus. Genetic and individual factors such as sex, age, and excessive body weight also have an impact. The diagnosis is based primarily on the physical examination of the patient and the Doppler ultrasound examination of the veins. Management options for varicose veins range from conservative management including pharmacotherapy to invasive and surgical methods, each of which has both advantages and disadvantages.

Summary: Making a diagnosis of varicose veins usually does not cause many difficulties. There is no one-size-fits-all treatment method. When choosing it, many aspects should be taken into account, such as the patient's preferences, severity of disease symptoms, and the patient's general condition.
To Communicate or Not? Interfirm Communication in Collaborative Projects
Authors: Beer Ruth , Qi Anyan
Published: July 2023

Interfirm innovation projects often require tight collaboration among firms with complementary skills and resources. The success of such projects depends on all firms generating high-quality outputs, which can be difficult to attain for aspects of quality that are not easily observable or contractible. We consider a setting with a focal firm and its collaborating firm (henceforth, the collaborator) engaging in a joint project, in which they make their quality decisions over time, respectively, and study the firm’s decision to communicate its quality output progress to its collaborator voluntarily. We first develop normative predictions using game-theoretic models by analyzing a reporting (respectively, revealing) case, in which the firm can report a not necessarily truthful quality (the truthful quality) to the collaborator. We find that the firm should be indifferent between reporting and not reporting for all project values and should be indifferent between revealing and not revealing (prefer revealing) for high (low) project values. To test this prediction, we run an experiment following a 2 × 3 design, varying the project value (high and low) and the form of communication (no communication, reporting, and revealing). We find that the quality provision is significantly lower than the normative prediction in all treatments. When the project value is high, the decision to report is beneficial to the firm (regardless of the reported quality) because the decision signals the firm’s intention to contribute high quality. The decision to reveal is also beneficial for a firm; however, a different mechanism is at play in this case. The decision itself does not directly affect the quality provisions, but the revealed quality does as the collaborator waits to observe the truthful revealed quality and incorporates this information in choosing a quality later. By contrast, when the project value is low, neither reporting nor revealing are beneficial for a firm. In particular, the decision to report no longer acts as a positive signal as it is used by firms trying to deceive the collaborator and get an advantage.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, the City University of New York and the University of Texas at Dallas. Support for this project was provided by a PSC-CUNY Award, jointly funded by the Professional Staff Congress and the City University of New York.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03180 .
The Cost of Exposing Large Institutional Orders to Electronic Liquidity Providers
Authors: Battalio Robert , Hatch Brian , Sağlam Mehmet
Published: July 2023

We use a novel data set to examine the impact of exposing institutional orders to electronic liquidity providers (ELPs). We present empirical evidence that marketable pieces of large parent orders are routed to ELPs seemingly to avoid paying liquidity fees on exchanges. This routing decision results in lower net effective spreads for these child orders but leads to higher execution shortfall for the parent order. We provide evidence suggestive of a causal relation by utilizing the parent orders of investors that disallow the broker to route their child orders to ELPs. Our analysis suggests that ELPs detect the presence of the parent order very quickly given the transparent bilateral relation with the broker.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4871 .
Improving plastic surgery care of hand trauma using the lean thinking model
Authors: Epanomeritakis Ilias E , Tan Tze Khiang , Wong Kai Yuen
Published: July 2023

Plastic surgery trauma care services vary widely between hospitals in the UK. The authors evaluated their plastic surgery trauma service and illustrated the use of lean thinking to successfully implement small interventions to create positive change. The study findings demonstrated an increase in the proportion of patients with trauma being treated in the outpatient clinic rather than in the main theatres. This coincided with an increase in the proportion of patients being treated on the day of presentation to hospital.
Genomic testing in patients with renal disease
Authors: Lyulcheva-Bennett Katya , Williams Simon , Howse Matthew , McCann Emma
Published: July 2023

Inherited kidney disease accounts for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. There is increasing evidence that genetic testing for inherited kidney disease should be integrated into clinical care pathways at the earliest opportunity so that patients and their families can maximally benefit from carefully tailored care. Despite increased availability of genetic testing, the proportion of patients with renal disease undergoing genetic investigations remains low. This article introduces key concepts of genetic and genomic testing to the renal physician and addresses some common barriers to the wider integration of genetic testing in routine clinical practice to fully capitalise on recent advances in genomic medicine and improve patient outcomes.
A review of UK Kidney Week 2023
Authors: Lee Yan-Yi
Published: July 2023

This article reviews the outcome of UK Kidney Week (UKKW) 2023, with helpful information for those interested in UKKW in Edinburgh 2024
Aircraft Carrier Launches Jet Tests
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Trials to begin on F-35 Lightning II taking off from HMS Queen Elizabeth
Reacting to Future Needs
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Fusion research is leading to spin-off technology that could make autonomous vehicles a reality in a shorter time frame
Clinical outcomes and complications of single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy: A 2-year follow-up study in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Ospina Jaramillo Andres , Riscanevo Bobadilla Angie Carolina , Espinosa Mariana Ospina , Valencia Alvaro , Jiménez Humberto , Montilla Maria , Bastidas Maria
Published: July 2023

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner, his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur. He could say what other reformers could not, due to their links to the medical education community. But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students, the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers, lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis, poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes. The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations. This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards, ideologies, structures, processes, and attitudes, are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes, for you get what you designed for.
Safety evaluation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: A phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Lian Xiao-Fen , Lu Dong-Hui , Liu Hong-Li , Liu Yan-Jing , Yang Yang , Lin Yuan , Xie Feng , Huang Cai-Hao , Wu Hong-Mei , Long Ai-Mei , Hui Chen-Jun , Shi Yu , Chen Yun , Gao Yun-Feng , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2023

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner, his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur. He could say what other reformers could not, due to their links to the medical education community. But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students, the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers, lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis, poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes. The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations. This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards, ideologies, structures, processes, and attitudes, are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes, for you get what you designed for.
Systematic review of fibroblastic rheumatism: A case report
Authors: Guo Hua , Liang Qian , Dong Chen , Zhang Qing , Gu Zhi-Feng
Published: July 2023

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner, his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur. He could say what other reformers could not, due to their links to the medical education community. But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students, the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers, lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis, poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes. The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations. This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards, ideologies, structures, processes, and attitudes, are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes, for you get what you designed for.
Improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire for treating adult skeletal class III with facial asymmetry: A case report
Authors: Huang Chun-Yi , Chen Yuan-Hou , Lin Chih-Chieh , Yu Jian-Hong
Published: July 2023

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner, his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur. He could say what other reformers could not, due to their links to the medical education community. But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students, the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers, lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis, poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes. The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations. This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards, ideologies, structures, processes, and attitudes, are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes, for you get what you designed for.