bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is energy drink safe? A cross sectional study on the effects of energy drink on medical students from a medical school of Nepal
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Pugazhandhi B , Banerjee I , Sathian B , Nagpal P , Roy B
Published: April 2015

Background: Energy drinks that contain caffeine, taurine, vitamins, herbal supplements, sugar or sweeteners are marketed to improve energy, weight loss, stamina, athletic performance and concentration. Recently some of energy drink has been banned in different countries like Saudi Arabia. In Nepal none of the studies has been done to report the effect of energy drink on health. The main objective of the study was to find out the effect of energy drink on health of medical students. Materials and Methods:  It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study done at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal on November 2013. Results: Out of 206 students 202 completed the questionnaire completely and their responses were evaluated which gives an overall response rate of 98.05%%. Out of 202 students, 88 (43.56%) students were found consuming energy drinks. The research finding revealed that most of the students who consumed energy drink were male 58%. Most of the students felt energetic after consuming energy drink. The majority of the students were from the second year 79.5%. The majority of the students, 71.6% consumed < 5 cans/week. Among the CNS manifestations students felt energetic, insomnia, euphoria, anxiety, dizziness, hallucination, headache and seizure disorder. Most of the students suffered from palpitation among the CVS manifestations. Other GIT and CVS Manifestations were discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss and chest pain. ANS and miscellaneous manifestations were also seen among the students among which increased stamina , micturation, dry mouth, sweating, burning sensation in the throat, allergic reactions, breathlessness were noted by the students. Headache and insomnia was found more prevalent in males [OR 1.836 95% (CI 0.458, 7.367)] and [OR 1.214, 95 %(CI 0.517, 2.852)], respectively as compared to female students. However, in the case of GIT manifestations viz. abdominal pain and constipation revealed that it was more prevalent among male students [OR 2.292, 95 %(CI( 0.343, 13.638)] and [OR 1.836, 95 %(CI 0.458, 7.367)]. Conclusion:  It is concluded that energy drink gives energy and increases the stamina but it produces neurologic, psychiatric, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications on health. Further studies are required on the same field to find out its effect on health in Nepalese population.
Effect of temperature on microstructure and mechanical behavior of diffusion bonded Armor 500 and AISI 1040 steels
Authors: Kirik Ihsan
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to join Armor 500 steel and medium carbon steel (AISI 1040) by using diffusion welding and to experimentally examine the effect of welding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties. Diffusion welded joints were performed at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C, under a pressure of 3 MPa and for a welding period of 30 minutes. In order to determine the structural changes occurring in the joint zone; SEM and EDS analyses were conducted. Also, microhardness and overlapping shifting tests were carried out in order to determine the mechanical behaviors. Based on the experiment results, it was observed that welding temperature had an important effect on the strengths of diffusion welded joints. Consequently, it was determined that a sample joined at 900 °C had a strength of 960 MPa.
The rhinopalatine line as a reliable predictor of the inferior extent of endonasal odontoidectomies
Authors: La Corte Emanuele , Aldana Philipp R. , Ferroli Paolo , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Härtl Roger , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) provides a minimally invasive corridor through which the cervicomedullary junction can be decompressed with reduced morbidity rates compared to those with the classic transoral approaches. The limit of the EEA is its inferior extent, and preoperative estimation of its reach is vital for determining its suitability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual inferior limit of the EEA in a surgical series of patients and develop an accurate and reliable predictor that can be used in planning endonasal odontoidectomies.

METHODS

The actual inferior extent of surgery was determined in a series of 6 patients with adequate preoperative and postoperative imaging who underwent endoscopie endonasal odontoidectomy. The medians of the differences between several previously described predictive lines, namely the nasopalatine line (NPL) and nasoaxial line (NAxL), were compared with the actual surgical limit and the hard-palate line by using nonparametric statistics. A novel line, called the rhinopalatine line (RPL), was established and corresponded best with the actual limit of the surgery.

RESULTS

There were 4 adult and 2 pediatric patients included in this study. The NPL overestimated the inferior extent of the surgery by an average (± SD) of 21.9 ± 8.1 mm (range 14.7-32.5 mm). The NAxL and RPL overestimated the inferior limit of surgery by averages of 6.9 ± 3.8 mm (range 3.7-13.3 mm) and 1.7 ± 3.7 mm (range −2.8 to 8.3 mm), respectively. The medians of the differences between the NPL and NAxL and the actual surgery were statistically different (both p = 0.0313). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between the RPL and the inferior limit of surgery (p = 0.4375).

CONCLUSIONS

The RPL predicted the inferior limit of the EEA to the craniovertebral junction more accurately than previously described lines. The use of the RPL may help surgeons in choosing suitable candidates for the EEA and in selecting those for whom surgery through the oropharynx or the facial bones is the better approach.
Surgical treatment of Type II odontoid fractures: anterior odontoid screw fixation or posterior cervical instrumented fusion?
Authors: Joaquim Andrei F. , Patel Alpesh A.
Published: April 2015

Odontoid fractures comprise as many as 20% of all cervical spine fractures. Fractures at the dens base, classified by the Anderson and D’Alonzo system as Type II injuries, are the most common pattern of all odontoid fractures and are also the most common cervical injuries in patients older than 70 years of age. Surgical treatment is recommended for patients older than 50 years with Type II odontoid fractures, as well as in patients at a high risk for nonunion. Anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF) and posterior cervical instrumented fusion (PCIF) are both well-accepted techniques for surgical treatment but with unique indications and contraindications as well as varied reported outcomes. In this paper, the authors review the literature about specific patients and fracture characteristics that may guide treatment toward one technique over the other.

AOSF can preserve atlantoaxial motion, but requires a reduced odontoid, an intact transverse ligament, and a favorable fracture line to achieve adequate fracture compression. Additionally, older patients may have a higher rate of pseudarthrosis using this technique, as well as postoperative dysphagia. PCIF has a higher rate of fusion and is indicated in patients with severe atlantoaxial misalignment and with poor bone quality. PCIF allows direct open reduction of displaced fragments and can reduce any atlantoaxial subluxation. It is also used as a salvage procedure after failed AOSF. However, this technique results in loss of atlantoaxial motion, requires prone positioning, and demands a longer operative duration than AOSF, factors that can be a challenge in patients with severe medical conditions. Although both anterior and posterior approaches are acceptable, many clinical and radiological factors should be taken into account when choosing the best surgical approach. Surgeons must be prepared to perform both procedures to adequately treat these injuries.
Bow hunter’s syndrome revisited: 2 new cases and literature review of 124 cases
Authors: Jost Gregory F. , Dailey Andrew T.
Published: April 2015

Rotational occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA), or bow hunter’s syndrome, is a rare yet surgically treatable cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. The underlying pathology is dynamic stenosis of the VA by osteophytes, fibrous bands, or lateral disc herniation with neck rotation or extension. The authors present 2 previously unreported cases of bow hunter’s syndrome and summarize 124 cases identified in a literature review.

Both patients in the new cases were treated by VA decompression and fusion of the subaxial spine. Each had > 50% occlusion of the left VA at the point of entry into the transverse foramen with a contralateral VA that ended in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Analyzing data from 126 cases (the 2 new cases in addition to the previously published 124), the authors report that stenosis was noted within V1 in 4% of cases, in V2 in 58%, in V3 in 36%, and distal to C-1 in 2%. Patients presented in the 5th to 7th decade of life and were more often male than female. The stenotic area was decompressed in 85 (73%) of the 116 patients for whom the type of treatment was reported (V1, 4 [80%] of 5; V2, 52 [83%] of 63; V3/V4, 29 [60%] of 48). Less commonly, fusion or combined decompression and fusion was used (V2, 7 [11%] of 63; V3/V4, 14 [29%] of 48). Most patients reported complete resolution of symptoms.

The authors conclude that patients with bow hunter’s syndrome classically have an impaired collateral blood flow to the brainstem. This condition carries an excellent prognosis with decompression, fusion, or combined surgery, and individual patient characteristics should guide the choice of therapy.
Dyspnea and dysphagia from upper airway obstruction after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group
Authors: Huang Meng , Gonda David D. , Briceño Valentina , Lam Sandi K. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew
Published: April 2015

Upper airway obstruction resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie patients who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas Children’s Hospital and experienced dyspnea and/or dysphagia from new upper airway obstruction in the postoperative period. Patient demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged upper airway obstruction after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with rheumatoid arthritis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged upper airway obstruction in children after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (−18° to −5°) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors’ cases involved children with micrognathia and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid airway obstruction after an occipitocervical fusion. Children with micrognathia are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.
Evolution of transoral approaches, endoscopic endonasal approaches, and reduction strategies for treatment of craniovertebral junction pathology: a treatment algorithm update
Authors: Dlouhy Brian J. , Dahdaleh Nader S. , Menezes Arnold H. , MD
Published: April 2015

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ), or the craniocervical junction (CCJ) as it is otherwise known, houses the crossroads of the CNS and is composed of the occipital bone that surrounds the foramen magnum, the atlas vertebrae, the axis vertebrae, and their associated ligaments and musculature. The musculoskeletal organization of the CVJ is unique and complex, resulting in a wide range of congenital, developmental, and acquired pathology. The refinements of the transoral approach to the CVJ by the senior author (A.H.M.) in the late 1970s revolutionized the treatment of CVJ pathology. At the same time, a physiological approach to CVJ management was adopted at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in 1977 based on the stability and motion dynamics of the CVJ and the site of encroachment, incorporating the transoral approach for irreducible ventral CVJ pathology. Since then, approaches and techniques to treat ventral CVJ lesions have evolved. In the last 40 years at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, multiple approaches to the CVJ have evolved and a better understanding of CVJ pathology has been established. In addition, new reduction strategies that have diminished the need to perform ventral decompressive approaches have been developed and implemented.

In this era of surgical subspecialization, to properly treat complex CVJ pathology, the CVJ specialist must be trained in skull base transoral and endoscopic endonasal approaches, pediatric and adult CVJ spine surgery, and must understand and be able to treat the complex CSF dynamics present in CVJ pathology to provide the appropriate, optimal, and tailored treatment strategy for each individual patient, both child and adult. This is a comprehensive review of the history and evolution of the transoral approaches, extended transoral approaches, endoscopie assisted transoral approaches, endoscopie endonasal approaches, and CVJ reduction strategies. Incorporating these advancements, the authors update the initial algorithm for the treatment of CVJ abnormalities first published in 1980 by the senior author.
Presentation of Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Shahana A , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Talukder Manik Kumar , Islam Mohammed Mahbubul , Huque Syed Saimul , Roy Ranjit Ranjan
Published: April 2015

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus in children (Paediatric SLE / pSLE) may have a great variability in disease presentation. Any organ system can be involved in pSLE leading to protean clinical manifestations.To evaluate the clinical and serological presentation of pSLE in tertiary renter Bangladesh and to compare it with other populations. Methodology: It was a retrospective cohort study carried out in the department of Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of January 2005 to December 2013. A total of 70 patients fulfilling the 1997 revised ACR classification criteria for SLE were enrolled in the study. Data was collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Age range was 2.5 years to 16 years, female: male ratio was 7:1. Duration of disease was 1 month to 18 months. Common clinical presentation included general weakness/fatigue (91%), fever (83%), arthralgia/arthritis (74%), oral ulcer (73%) and skin rash (71%). All the patients were anemic. ANA was positive in 97% cases and anti-ds DNA in 91% cases. More than 65% cases had evidences of renal involvement at the presentation. Among the patients who underwent kidney biopsy, 40% had diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (WHO class IV) followed by class III in 26% cases. Conclusion: Pediatric SLE patients in our country, compared to other countries had much higher incidence of fever and non-specific complaints such as, general weakness and malaise as presenting symptoms. Thus, a strong index of suspicion should be maintained for early diagnosis of pSLE especially among adolescent girls. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22819 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :124-129
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Current Understanding and Management
Authors: Mannan MA , Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22823 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :142-150
Prescription of Drugs in Children with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Huque Syed Saimul , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22824 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :151-156
Right Atrial Myxoma in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome - A Rare Event
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Jahan Ishrat , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22827 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :161-163
A re-examination of C. J. Temminck's sources for his descriptions of the extinct Japanese wolf
Authors: Funk Holger
Published: April 2015

Unpublished manuscripts sent from Japan by the German physician and naturalist Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866) to the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858) show that Siebold possessed exclusive information about the now extinct Japanese wolf. This was confounded or ignored by Temminck when he used Siebold as source for his section on Japanese dogs and wolves in the volume on mammals in Fauna japonica with Siebold as general editor (1842). Temminck had used Siebold's information for his naming of the Japanese wolf as Canis hodophilax in 1839. Temminck's descriptions are analysed in comparison with Siebold's manuscripts to clarify how Temminck obscured Siebold's information. This paper includes reproductions of two unpublished drawings from Siebold's draftsman in Japan and a brief discussion of the zoological status of the Japanese wolf. Additionally, a translation of the most important of Siebold's manuscripts is appended.
The publications and collections of Louis-Albert Necker (1786–1861)
Authors: Hollier John , Hollier Anita , Schnyder Cédric
Published: April 2015

The Swiss geologist and mineralogist Louis-Albert Necker belonged to a family rich in scientific celebrities. Though a professor at the Académie de Genève for 25 years and author of numerous publications, he is mainly remembered today for his description of the “Necker cube” optical illusion and for leaving Geneva to spend the last 20 years of his life in Portree on the Isle of Skye. As a first step towards assessing Necker's contribution to science, a full list of his publications is presented, with comments about their citation in previous bibliographies and about published translations and abridgements. Information about the surviving specimens from his scientific collections, most of which are in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, is also presented.
Coffee and qat on the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia – botanical, ethnobotanical and commercial observations made in Yemen 1762–1763
Authors: Friis I.
Published: April 2015

In spite of widespread consumption of coffee in Europe at the time of the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia 1761–1767, little was known of the cultivation of coffee in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export to Europe. Fresh leaves of qat were used as a stimulant on the Arabian Peninsula and in East Africa, but before the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia this plant was known in Europe only from secondary reports. Two members of the expedition, Carsten Niebuhr and Peter Forsskål, pioneered studies of coffee and qat in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export. Linnaeus' instructions for travellers requested observations on the use of coffee, but otherwise Forsskål and Niebuhr's studies of coffee and qat were made entirely on their own initiative. Now, 250 years after The Royal Danish expedition to Arabia, coffee has become one of the world's most valuable trade commodities and qat has become a widely used and banned drug.
Touchy-Feely History: The ‘Stuff’ of American Culture
Authors: Sklaroff Lauren Rebecca
Published: April 2015

This state of the field essay examines recent trends in American Cultural History, focusing on music, race and ethnicity, material culture, and the body. Expanding on key themes in articles featured in the special issue of Cultural History, the essay draws linkages to other important literatures. The essay argues for more a more serious consideration of the products within popular culture, less as a reflection of social or economic trends, rather for their own historical significance. While the essay examines some classic texts, more emphasis is on work published within the last decade. Here, interdisciplinary methods are stressed, as are new research perspectives developing by non-western historians.
Sammy Davis, Jr: Public Image and Politics
Authors: Raymond Emilie
Published: April 2015

The entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr. was the premier celebrity fundraiser for the civil rights movement, but his public image, which consisted of an unusual combination of daring and deferential behavior, also made him vulnerable to charges of ‘accommodationism’ throughout his career. When, in 1972, Davis kissed the notoriously racist Archie Bunker on an episode of All in the Family and then hugged President Richard Nixon at the Republican National Convention a few months later, his deferential behavior overwhelmed his public image and went on to overshadow Davis's historical legacy. Thus, his political activism has received little examination. I argue that his daring and deferential behavior—reflected most famously in his affiliation with the so-called Rat Pack—allowed him to headline hugely successful benefit shows, rally black supporters of the civil rights movement, help broaden its base, and bring in other celebrities to the cause in the 1950s and 60s, often helping the movement at key moments. When, in the 1970s, the movement shifted its focus from integration to cultural nationalism, Davis continued his political activism with less successful, yet noteworthy, results. This article contributes to the historiography of Davis biographies, the civil rights movement, and the culture of celebrity.
On Writing the History of the Body in Pain
Authors: Kennedy Kathleen
Published: April 2015

This essay makes the case for a cultural history of bodily pain that keeps the problem of representation at the forefront of its analysis. Specifically, it explores how historians have written about bodily pain in relation to American slavery and freedom. It also explores efforts by African American people, free and enslaved, to create counter-discourses that cast them as subjects in the battle over slavery. In doing so, the essay explores the multiple investments in bodily pain and the ethical questions raised when writing about the pain of another.
Risques naturels, risques urbains (Natural hazards, urban risks)
Authors: Faugères Lucien
Published: April 2015

Exposition to natural hazards has been a permanent feature for many cities, since they appeared, and in some case in the past cities have suffered total destruction. During last decade the phenomenon seams to have taken a global dimension. Occurences of natural hazards have increased in frequency, and costs are heavier. Many efforts are now produced - at international and local level - to mitigate the consequences of extreme natural events. They aim to promote a change in city management, that should include risk management, with the support of the new methods of risk assessment and analysis presently developed in urban cindynics - the science of urban risks.
Nouvel enjeu et nouveau métier dans les collectivités territoriales : la prévention et la gestion des risques (New challenge and new tasks for district communities : mitigation and risk management)
Authors: Collin Claude
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - La gestion des risques à l'échelle de la collectivité territoriale de base, la commune, vise à fournir des réponses à une large gamme de besoins. Elle relève d'abord de l'autorité du maire, premier responsable de la sécurité des personnes et des biens, agissant avec le concours de services techniques et, le cas échéant, avec celui d'autorités supérieures. Le maire a pour mission de réduire, dans toute la mesure du possible, la fréquence et les conséquences dommageables de manifestations de risques qui peuvent intervenir dans des domaines très variés : défaillances des bâtiments, accidents sur la voirie, phénomènes naturels extrêmes, catastrophes industrielles, mouvements sociaux.... Les enjeux environnementaux, techniques, économiques, sociaux, politiques, de la réduction de ces risques sont de plus en plus importants pour les villes, en raison de leur vulnérabilité grandissante. Des réponses existent. Leur efficacité est conditionnée par la qualité de la communication inter-et trans-disciplinaire, entre les scientifiques, les experts, les techniciens, et les décideurs. Une approche systémique de la ville et de ses problèmes, une vision globale des actions à entreprendre, sont au cœur des politiques de gestion des risques de l'avenir. Ces politiques doivent permettre d'intégrer en permanence le renforcement des services existants, la mise en place de cellules de crise, des actions de prévention multiformes, le suivi de la géographie des risques et la maîtrise de l'occupation du sol, le développement d'organisations adaptées à l'échelle communale, la liaison avec les échelles inter-communale, nationale et internationale, la formation d'un personnel et l'émergence de capacités d'expertise. Il s'agit là d'orientations de valeur générale. Elles sont particulièrement mises en œuvre au sein de l'Institut de Prévention et Gestion des Risques (I.P.G.R.), fondé à Marseille en 1990, et qui travaille à la diffusion d'une nouvelle approche du génie urbain orienté vers la maîtrise des risques, pour laquelle le terme de cindynique urbaine s'impose désormais.
Les risques de crue et d'écoulement torrentiel : une menace pour certaines villes du bassin de la Dore (Massif Central Français) (Risks of flooding and torrential flow : a danger for some towns of the Dore river's catchment) (French Massif Central)
Authors: Cubizolle Hervé
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - Floods and torrential streams are a permanent danger for a few urban sectors of the Dore river's catchment, principal tributary of the Allier. Two recent events, June 1984's severe storm and March 1988's great flood, showed the seriousness of the risks facing two towns in particular : Courpiere and Thiers. The etablishment of a chronicle of disasters proves on one hand the secular character of both these risk types and on the other indicates that the natural elements are capable of much more destruction than was previously thought. Thus, because of the development of urban areas towards the flood plain, much more land and property is now in danger. However, in 1994, no measures have been taken which could reduce the vulnerability of the areas which are most at risk.
Mechanical state analysis of different variants of piled rafts
Authors: Samofalov Michail , Papinigis Vytautas , Tūnaitis Mantas
Published: April 2015

Traditional raft design methods describe unpiled and fully piled rafts. The current paper aims to discuss intermediate raft design variants when the raft is at the same time partially supported by piles and partially rests on the ground. The loading conditions of all variants as well as mechanical properties assumed to be identical, general numerical simulation assumptions are also the same. The task is to analyse the stress and strain state of the raft for all variants (unpiled raft, partially piled raft, fully piled raft), to compare the results and to determine the most rational case. Raft settlements, bending moments and expenses of the materials are compared on the basis of the results.
Étude comparative de méthodologies de recherche en médecine et en gestion. Cas de la recherche-intervention socio-économique d’ordre qualimétrique
Authors: Savall Henri , Fière Denis
Published: April 2015

Les recherches-interventions à visée transformative en sciences de gestion [1] [2] se heurtent à la résistance d’autres conceptions de la recherche qui invoquent son caractère non scientifique. Cet article propose une étude comparative entre les méthodologies de recherche en science de la santé et celles des sciences de gestion. La recherche médicale, universellement reconnue aux plans de la science, de la reconnaissance universitaire et de la crédibilité sociétale [3], peut en effet être un référent pertinent pour tenter d’éclairer la scientificité de la recherche-intervention utilisée en sciences de gestion. L’hypothèse de cette recherche est qu’en sciences de gestion, la recherche-intervention socio-économique d’ordre qualimétrique et transformatif [4] [5] permet une théorisation efficace et pertinente grâce à la rigueur des méthodes et outils d’observation utilisés en amont du processus scientifique, analogues à la recherche expérimentale universellement utilisée en science médicale. La comparaison entre certaines méthodologies utilisées dans la recherche en sciences de gestion et en sciences de la santé a permis de dégager des proximités considérables entre la recherche-intervention socio-économique et la recherche clinique.
Trajectoire et connaissance incorporée dans le système local de production : approche historique du cluster de Champagne
Authors: Leszczyńska Dorota
Published: April 2015

Cet article explore les évolutions du cluster de Champagne afin d’enrichir la théorie de la dépendance de sentier par l’analyse de son histoire. En mobilisant la théorie de Mahoney nous analysons les séquences historiques de la trajectoire. L’enracinement des connaissances dans le système de production local influence la dynamique du cluster. Notre recherche nous amène à identifier certaines conduites managériales permettant de soutenir des savoirs incorporés.
La co-production dans les prestations relevant de la puissance publique. L’exemple de la police de proximité en Suisse
Authors: Emery Yves , Niklaus Julien
Published: April 2015

Si dans certains domaines (ex. les services de l’emploi) la co-production est bien implantée, elle paraît plus ardue dans d’autres types de services publics, comme la police. La co-production de la sécurité est-elle faisable ? Quelles sont les volontés de part et d’autre pour développer ce partenariat ? À l’aune de la police de proximité en Suisse et sur la base de données quantitatives et qualitatives, cet article apporte des résultats innovants.
Le recrutement des intrapreneurs, un enjeu stratégique permettant la création de nouveaux produits et services
Authors: Teneau Gilles , Dufour Nicolas
Published: April 2015

L’objet de cet article est d’appréhender comment les pratiques de GRH, plus spécifiquement du recrutement, peuvent permettre de contribuer à la création de nouveaux produits et services. Cette étude se centre sur le cas du recrutement d’intrapreneurs dans le secteur des services informatiques. Les résultats de la recherche-action ainsi développée montrent que la réussite d’un recrutement d’intrapreneur comme soutien de l’offre d’une ESN passe par une démarche spécifique de recrutement de ces acteurs envisagés comme des ressources rares (au sens de Barney) et non par les systèmes d’embauche conventionnels.
A review and reflection on innovation in tourism and hospitality in English language journal publications
Authors: d’Arcy Dornan , Omar Moufakkir
Published: April 2015

L’innovation continue à jouer un rôle clé dans le succès durable de l’industrie du tourisme et de l’hospitalité. Cette revue de la littérature publiée en anglais démontre que l’innovation reste à la pointe des préoccupations de l’industrie. Innovations continuent d’être mises en œuvre dans l’industrie de l’information et de la technologie de la gestion et de l’éducation, de la campagne à la ville et dans tous les aspects du système du tourisme. Cet article examine aussi la représentation longitudinale de l’innovation dans le tourisme et l’hospitalité au travers de diverses publications et rapports illustrant sa tendance d’être utilisée en tant que sujet de recherche au f il du temps. Innovation dans le tourisme et l’hospitalité est aussi diverse et complexe que l’industrie elle-même. Le but de cette brève revue est de fournir des exemples dans le milieu universitaire ainsi que dans quelques secteurs de l’industrie pour un examen plus approfondi par les chercheurs et les praticiens.
Les produits du terroir et écologiques comme vecteur d’innovation au tourisme responsable
Authors: Debabi Mohsen , Daouas Karim
Published: April 2015

Les changements environnementaux récents et le développement des produits du terroir, ont créé un cadre favorable au développement du tourisme responsable, qui, par son importance et par l’impact qu’il peut avoir sur d’autres secteurs d’activités, constitue le principal enjeu du développement durable. En termes stratégique, tout reste à faire, notamment au niveau de démarches porteuses d’innovation, de savoir-faire et de progrès social et économique. Une étude est faite dans le cadre de cette recherche sur une unité de tourisme écologique « Maison de Zaghouan » en Tunisie et a montré que des actions de marketing territorial orientées vers la valorisation des produits du terroir, pourraient devenir un vecteur essentiel d’innovation environnementale pour le tourisme responsable.
La démocratie comme revendication et comme forme de vie
Authors: Ogien Albert
Published: April 2015

Depuis 2011, une forme d’action politique originale se déploie en régime démocratique hors des canaux institués du système représentatif tout une revendiquant une extension de la démocratie. Cet article propose de rendre compte de ce phénomène en montrant comment la démocratie peut être conçue comme une « forme de vie » – en revenant à la définition qu’en a donné Wittgenstein. Il montre ensuite la proximité de cette notion avec celle de situation, telle qu’elle est proposée par Goffman. Finalement, à partir des thèses de Dewey à propos de l’enquête, l’article décrit le contenu de la conception de la démocratie comme mode de vie–l’instauration de pratiques favorisant l’autonomie des citoyens et garantissant le pluralisme des manières d’être. L’analyse vient rappeler que, dans chaque société d’État, un processus de production de la démocratie est continûment à l’œuvre qui s’accomplit dans les incessants échanges entre deux modes de conceptualisation de la démocratie : comme système de représentation et comme forme de vie.
Le projet politique d’une vie qui ne peut être séparée de sa forme
Authors: Ferrarese Estelle
Published: April 2015

Cet article examine la posture critique de Giorgio Agamben, telle qu’elle est fondée sur l’idée de vie nue. Il montre que la critique que pourrait permettre le concept antonyme de forme-de-vie et le type de politique qu’il suggère sont brouillés par deux tendances des travaux d’Agamben : d’une part, la forme-de-vie est définie comme l’autre d’une vie nue dont le signifié flotte ; d’autre part deux figures parallèles et renversées de son œuvre, le réfugié et le Franciscain (l’un et l’autre dés-assujettis au souverain), analysées ensemble, révèlent qu’Agamben fait de la soustraction le geste politique par excellence, et que la vie, ressort critique de sa dénonciation de la souveraineté, est paradoxalement évacuée de la communauté politique qu’il appelle de ses vœux.
Quand des formes de vie se rejoignent : Langue des signes et citoyenneté en France au tournant du 19e siècle
Authors: Arnaud Sabine
Published: April 2015

Cet article recourt à la notion de forme de vie pour examiner le rôle assigné au langage – parole ou langue des signes – dans l’affirmation des droits civiques et dans l’ empowerment de ceux que l’on appelle alors les « sourds-muets » en France au tournant du 19 e siècle. Il procède à partir de trois cas exemplaires : un procès conclu par l’acquittement d’un élève sourd-muet, une mise en accusation par un sourd-muet victime de vol, et une pétition soumise par un professeur sourd-muet, concernant les droits accordés aux sourds dans le Code civil de Napoléon. Une lecture attentive des textes permet de considérer le rôle de trois fonctions linguistiques – le performatif, la construction grammaticale, la définition – pour affirmer une compréhension commune de l’expérience et du rôle du langage, c’est-à-dire une même forme de vie. Attestant des attentes partagées par rapport au langage, ces fonctions langagières jouent un rôle stratégique en établissant l’appartenance des dits sourds-muets à la société, leur compréhension des devoirs qui leur incombent en tant que citoyens, et la nécessité de leur accorder pleinement accès aux droits civiques. Le concept de forme de vie permet de mettre en avant la dimension politique des attentes linguistiques et les possibilités dépendant de leur satisfaction.
Fiscal Consolidation, Public Debt and Output Dynamics in the Euro Area: lessons from a simple model with time-varying fiscal multipliers
Authors: Blot Christophe , Cochard Marion , Creel Jérôme , Ducoudré Bruno , Schweisguth Danielle , Timbeau Xavier
Published: April 2015

Depuis 2011, les pays de zone euro ont engagé une stratégie de consolidation des finances publiques. L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer l’impact de cette stratégie sur la trajectoire de dette publique et de croissance. Nous développons un modèle représentant 11 pays de la zone euro en intégrant l’hypothèse selon laquelle le multiplicateur varie au cours du cycle. La littérature empirique récente montre en effet que les multiplicateurs budgétaires sont plus élevés en période de crise. Partant de là, nous analysons la capacité des pays de la zone euro à respecter les règles budgétaires en vigueur et en particulier l’objectif de dette fixé à 60 %. Nous simulons la dynamique de la dette publique et de la croissance selon différentes hypothèses relatives au multiplicateur, à la présence d’hystérèse ou au rôle de la politique monétaire. Nous montrons que tous les pays ne seraient pas en mesure d’atteindre l’objectif de dette en 2032. Une stratégie alternative serait d’étaler les mesures d’austérité dans le temps afin que moins d’austérité soit mise en œuvre lorsque le multiplicateur est élevé. Le bénéfice de cette stratégie dépend toutefois de la réaction des marchés financiers et de l’évolution des primes de risque. Enfin, nous étudions la possibilité d’une relance en Allemagne, dans la mesure où le pays dispose de marges de manœuvre budgétaires. Néanmoins, les effets d’une telle relance sur les autres pays de la zone euro pourraient être limités puisque le multiplicateur budgétaire allemand est plus faible. Une relance mise en œuvre directement dans les pays qui ont un écart de croissance élevé est plus efficace.
The Euro and the Crisis: Evidence on Recent Fiscal Multipliers
Authors: Combes Jean-Louis , Minea Alexandru , Mustea Lavinia , Ndoye Sow Mousse
Published: April 2015

Dans le contexte de la crise financière globale, de nombreux pays ont adopté des programmes de relance budgétaire de grande ampleur qui permettent d’identifier les effets multiplicateurs. Cet article est le premier à proposer une analyse systématique des multiplicateurs budgétaires dans les pays européens. Il cherche à répondre à deux questions : d’une part, les pays de la zone euro ont-ils un multiplicateur différent des autres pays européens, et, d’autre part, les pays de la zone euro les plus affectés par la crise des dettes souveraines ont-ils un multiplicateur qui leur est propre ? La méthode économétrique utilisée est celle du modèle vectoriel autoregressif sur des données de panel. Les données sont trimestrielles et couvrent la période 1999-2012. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : i) les multiplicateurs de dépenses présentent des valeurs plus conformes au modèle keynésien dans les pays ayant adopté l’euro et surtout dans les pays destinés à intégrer la zone euro dans un futur proche, et ii) les réponses macroéconomiques les plus keynésiennes sont observées dans les pays de la zone euro fortement touchés par la crise.
Stratégies, formes et acteurs de la modernisation postale
Authors: Vezinat Nadège
Published: April 2015

Les évolutions postales, qui portent génériquement le nom de « modernisation », ont pris des formes différentes et ont connu plus ou moins de succès en fonction de la stratégie choisie, du contexte et des acteurs qui l’ont portée en interne comme en externe. Ces stratégies ont transformé le marché postal dans la mesure où, malgré l’identification de l’organisation postale à un grand service public, d’autres activités, comme l’activité financière, se développent. Grâce à une analyse socio-historique mêlant travail sur archives et entretiens, cet article établit que ce processus recouvre en partie une financiarisation et un tournant commercial qui marquent une rupture avec le passé, et ont impliqué des réappropriations pour ceux qui s’y trouvent le plus directement confrontés, les salariés.
Changer les têtes plutôt que les mentalités ?
Authors: Alber Alex
Published: April 2015

En s’appuyant sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives au sujet des cadres de la SNCF, l’article se penche sur les évolutions récentes de l’entreprise publique. La première partie illustre les lignes de fracture idéologiques existant au sein d’un encadrement majoritairement vieillissant et issu de la promotion interne. La « modernisation » n’est pas, loin s’en faut, consensuelle dans l’entreprise. L’analyse se centre ensuite sur une population clé : les bénéficiaires du « parcours jeunes cadres », qui sont recrutés sur diplôme, et dont les représentations et les pratiques sont majoritairement en phase avec le virage commercial et managérial de l’entreprise. Initialement peu attachés à l’histoire de l’entreprise, préférant pour la plupart s’investir dans le management plutôt qu’accroître leur expertise technique et globalement moins contestataires que les cadres promus, ces jeunes cadres incarnent un changement assez marqué au sein de l’entreprise. La troisième partie cherche à faire le lien entre l’investissement des jeunes cadres dans le changement gestionnaire et l’accélération tendancielle de leur carrière. Cela permet de montrer en quoi la diffusion de logiques managériales au sein d’un marché interne concourt à le fragiliser, voire à remettre totalement en cause ses logiques fondatrices.
Communicants : une théorie de la contorsion ?
Authors: Fenot Philippe , Dupouy Stéphanie , Fukuhara Ken
Published: April 2015

Le témoignage d’une communicante relatif au discours aseptisé produit dans son organisation nous a conduits à mener une enquête mettant en évidence le rôle central de la relation au dirigeant. Les entretiens réalisés montrent que celle-ci vient compenser l’identité de métier fragile des communicants. Pour autant, ce faible ancrage identitaire semble paradoxalement constituer l’une des principales ressources pour résoudre les tensions qui traversent leur métier aujourd’hui. L’analyse du matériau produit nous a ainsi permis de souligner les stratégies que les communicants mettent en place pour insuffler du sens à la communication et à leur rôle.
Nutrient utilisation by black soldier flies fed with chicken, pig, or cow manure
Authors: Oonincx D.G.A.B. , van Huis A. , van Loon J.J.A.
Published: April 2015

An experiment was conducted to compare the suitability of chicken, pig, and cow manure as feed for larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.); Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Newly hatched larvae were inoculated on moistened manure (33% dry matter). Water and dried manure were added three times per week, until the first prepupae appeared. Survival was between 82 and 97%, indicating that the tested substrates were suitable. However, development time was much longer than on the control diet (144-215 vs 20 days). Efficiency of conversion of ingested nitrogen (N-ECI) was higher on pig manure than on chicken and cow manure, while the ECI for phosphorus was highest on cow manure. Substrate nitrogen content decreased in the chicken manure, but were stable in pig and cow manure. Phosphorus concentration, and N:P-ratio decreased in all treatments. Since a large proportion of the nitrogen from the manure (23–78%) was lost, the production system would require an air washer for instance, to make it ecologically sound. Shorter development times are required in order to improve economic viability. Drying of the manure could have decreased its nutritional value due to the destruction of microorganisms and heat-labile vitamins. A production system using fresh manure could result in a considerably shorter development time and increased conversion efficiency.
Soft-Tissue Balance in Short and Straight Stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Windhagen Henning , Chincisan Andra , Choi Hon Fai , Thorey Fritz
Published: April 2015

The growing numbers of short stem hip implants have redefined total hip arthroplasty with new stem geometries and possible functional differences. Several systematic reviews have reported good clinical results with this new class of stems, although kinematic alterations are still unclear in many aspects. The good clinical results obtained at the authors’ institution led to the current study. The authors hypothesized that the geometric alignment of the prosthetic components may be closer to the anatomy of the healthy hip joint, thus leading to better function and clinical satisfaction. An examination via finite element analysis was chosen to model the hip joint and virtually implant a short and a standard straight stem. Findings indicated that anchoring of the short stem allowed favorable positioning in the proximal femur, with the femoral head already in the center of the cup. This positioning was not possible for the straight stem, which required further reduction of the femur by a significant translation into the cup, leading to abnormal soft-tissue balancing. The results from the simulation showed an absolute average deviation of ligamentous fiber strains of 6% for the short stem in 30° of flexion and extension versus 29% and 36% for the standard straight stem in 30° of flexion and extension, respectively. A femoral neck guided orientation of the short stem implant seems to allow a more anatomical reconstruction and thus a more balanced hip in terms of the modeled soft tissues. In contrast, the straight stem alters the head position and induces nonphysiological capsular strains.
Reproducing the Hip Center With a Femoral Neck-Retaining Implant
Authors: Mihalko William M. , Assaf Dema , Sungu Mevlüt
Published: April 2015

Because of the recent trend for total hip arthroplasty in younger patients, more bone-preserving implants have been designed, based partly on the premise that maintenance of more bone stock would allow revision with standard primary implants. Another possible advantage of an implant that retains the femoral neck is that it may allow anatomical recreation of the center of the femoral head, femoral neck anteversion, anterior tilt, and caput-collum-diaphysis (CCD) angle, as well as femoral offset and leg length, without the use of modular implants. To determine whether the proximal femoral anatomy could be recreated, this study used computed tomography data and 3-dimensional modeling from 10 cadaver hips in 6 whole body specimens. Three femoral neck resection levels were investigated: 2 mm, 5 mm (recommended resection), and 10 mm from the base of the femoral neck. Results showed that the center of the femoral head, femoral neck anteversion, and CCD angle could all be recreated with available implant sizes, without modularity, within 2° and 1 mm on average. The addition of a modular neck provided no advantage in recreation of the hip center or other anatomical parameters. Use of a short metaphyseal femoral neck retaining-type of stem should allow restoration of anatomical parameters without the use of an exchangeable modular femoral neck.