bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marco Polo a jeho znalost asijských jazyků
Authors: Vladimír Liščák
Published: October 2021

Marco Polo and his knowledge of Asian languages Marco Polo (1254–1324) claimed (or rather his editors) that he could speak (and read) in other languages in ad dition to his own, at least five. Although he spoke little Chinese or rather not, he spoke a number of languages used in East Asia at the time – most likely Turkic (in the Kuman dialect: (lingua) tartara; tartaresce; tartaresche), which was also spoken among Mongols, Arabized Per sians, Uighurs and perhaps even he knew Mongolian. While communicating with the Great Khan, Marco Polo was almost certainly able to speak and write Mongolian. Marco Polo usually referred to Chinese local names in Persian, so it is very likely that he spoke Persian and was able to read the Arabic script. In addition, Persian was the lingua franca used throughout the region at the time even at Kublai Khan’s court. The paper brings some particular examples from Marco’s Mss.
Etnografický obraz Arabov v Byzancii 10. storočia
Authors: Filip Schneider
Published: October 2021

Roman historians developed a tradition of placing ethno graphic information into their works. The “Other” was an everyday reality of the Roman state. With its expansion more nations came into its orbit and thus to the attention of its writers. Arabs were among many others whom the Romans confronted. The position of the Arabs changed rapidly since the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. From a peripheral nation they became the major superpower in the East. The Roman/Byzantine perception did change due to various factors, such as the emergence of new religion as well as military expansion of the newly founded Arab state. It was in this period when ethnographic tradition under went a major transformation. Ethnography was in decline with snippets of information throughout literary works instead of vast descriptions of the “Other” as known in antiquity. Merging the snippets, however, a more coher ent image may occur. The aim of this paper is to look on the ethnographic information about Arabs in three literary works of the 10th century Byzantium – the Taktika, De administran do imperio and History of Leo the Deacon. Arabs will be analysed under the scope of elements that affected Byzantine perception on them – religion, military, and ethnic stereotypes. With the analysis I intend not only to gain a more coherent picture about the ethnographic perception of the Arabs in Byzantium, but also the differ ence of the perception among its various social classes.
EVALUASI RUMAH INTI TUMBUH PERUMNAS BERDASAR KECENDERUNGAN TRANSFORMASI DESAIN (The Evaluation of Public Housing Growing Unit based on Design Transformation Tendency)
Authors: Aryani Silfia Mona , Wahyuningsih Iik Endang Siti , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2021

Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan unit rumah, pemerintah menyediakan rumah awal yang

terjangkau dan dikenal dengan Rumah Inti Tumbuh (RIT). Rumah awal tersebut direncanakan

untuk dikembangkan sesuai dengan perkembangan kebutuhan spasial dan perbaikan tingkat

ekonomi pemiliknya. Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menemukan modifikasi desain sejak

awal penghunian hingga kondisi saat ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan transformasi

yang diasumsikan sebagai penyesuaian arsitektural dari desain massal unit perumahan.

Pemahaman akan tendensi yang terjadi diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan

rekomendasi bagaimana desain RIT di masa yang akan datang, Penelitian dilakukan dengan

metode kualitatif. Sampel yang terpilih adalah keluarga yang sudah menghuni rumah tersebut

sebagai penghuni pertama. Dari 210 pemilik unit yang diwawancarai, terdapat 50 responden

yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang diinginkan Data digali dengan wawancara, observasi

lapangan dan kategorisasi kesamaan. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan

bahwa terdapat ruangan-ruangan yang cenderung ditambahkan diperluas, ditata ulang

penempatannya dalam desain rumah tinggal dan yang dipertahankan tanpa perubahan sedikit

pun.

Kata kunci: desain perumahan, penyesuaian, rekomendasi, desain awal
Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Discotic Liquid Crystal Compounds
Authors: Abood Idham Hussein , Kaain Salih Hanaa , Khalifa Jassim Ibtisam
Published: October 2021

Discotic liquid crystal compounds were synthesized and characterized. Liquid crystalline texture of these compounds was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM). The Hartree-Fock approximation (HF) was used to calculate theoretical molecular parameters for synthesized compounds such as optimization, hardness, EHOMO, ELUMO, and energy gap using the Gaussian 09W program.
Picasso en Italia, 1917
Authors: Salazar Jiménez Pablo Miguel
Published: October 2021

En 1917, Italia le presenta a Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) la oportunidad de inaugurar una nueva etapa artística en la que pervivirá y se modificará el cubismo y, al mismo tiempo, van tomando lugar los elementos del clasicismo de carácter ingresco. Al trabajar durante esta estancia italiana para los Ballets Russesen el telón y vestuario de la obra Parade, pudo perfeccionar su conocimiento de la tradición de la Commedia dell'Artey retomar la iconografía de Arlequín. En Roma, visita y aprecia los tesoros de la ciudad, como el Coliseo iluminado o la Capilla Sixtina y, en sus paseos por Campania, quedó prendado por los frescos y las ruinas de Pompeya y Herculano que le inspiraron toda una serie de dibujos. Además de monumentos clásicos y obras maestras del Renacimiento, encontró en unas postales de una vendedora de flores con el traje tradicional el punto de partida para elaborar la imagen de la mujer italiana como muestra del aprendizaje adquirido en este país. Será en la Città Eternadonde conocerá a su futura mujer, la bailarina Olga Khokhlova, con la que comenzará una nueva etapa personal.
Roma y Velázquez.
Authors: Subirana Rebull Rosa Maria , Triadó Joan Ramon
Published: October 2021

Nuestra práctica profesional, así como la entrañable amistad mantenida al largo de los años con Juan María Montijano, nos evoca a relacionarle con la figura del gran pintor barroco Diego Velázquez (1599-1660) y los dos viajes llevados a cabo en la ciudad de los papas. Así, y salvando las lógicas diferencias, hacemos un cierto paralelismo con las vivencias de ambos en la Roma barroca.           

Contrariamente a Velázquez, cuyas obligaciones palaciegas en la corte limitaban su libertad y le forzaron a regresar con relativa premura, Montijano, a pesar de su compromiso con la docencia en la Universidad de Málaga, pudo establecer una larga secuencia de estadías romanas que abarcarían el resto de su vida. En este sentido, y gracias a la mayor facilidad y rapidez de los medios de transporte actuales, le podemos adjudicar una mayor fortuna a la del pintor sevillano, pues tuvo ocasión de vincularse durante más tiempo y conocer con mayor minuciosidad todos los vestigios de la Ciudad Eterna.

Desde hace tiempo estamos interesados en valorar los viajes de los artistas y sus itinerarios o estancias en cuanto que, en muchas ocasiones, plasman las experiencias vividas en sus obras, al igual que nosotros, de nuestros viajes y/o permanencias, guardamos en el subconsciente imágenes y sensaciones captadas. Las mismas que tarde o temprano, y de manera no consciente, repetimos o reelaboramos. Son lo que nosotros entendemos como interferencias culturales.

Como Velázquez, Juan María Montijano fue seducido por el embrujo romano. A todos nosotros las experiencias vividas nos han enriquecido y, de alguna manera, han quedado reflejadas en nuestros escritos, en nuestra docencia y en nuestra investigación.
Thyroid diseases and mental illness together with behavioural disorders versus mental illness together with behavioural disorders and thyroid diseases
Authors: Herda Jolanta , Okoński Piotr , Parfin Agnieszka , Wdowiak Krystian , Kos Marek
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Numerous authors have undertaken research on the coexistence of mental health disorders and thyroid disease. They have not been able to clearly demonstrate which illness came first.

Aim. The main purpose of this work is to asses the coexistence of thyroid disease with mental health conditions and disorders in behaviour. This work is based on a retrospective study and has shown frequent coexistence of thyroid disease with mental health or behaviour disorders.

Material and methods. The research method was a retrospective study carried out on the basis of medical records of patients of primary care clinics in the city of Lublin. The criterion for qualifying patients for the study was having a diagnosis, according to ICD 10, from at least one of the following groups: thyroid diseases E03-E07, mental health conditions F00-F 99 and behavioral disorders R44-R46.

Results. In total, 243 patients were qualified for the study. In this group 193 people are women and the remaining 50 are men. Among patients with isolated diseases, 28% of them have only diagnosed thyroid disease; every third patient (30%) has diagnosed mental health illness or behavioural disorders. The Fisher test showed a relationship between thyroid diseases and mental health conditions including behavioural disorders (p=0.0000). A group of people with hypothyroidism in the course of Hashimoto’s disease has been identified. The results of the prevalence of the disease were observed dividing by gender and age. Hashimoto’s disease occurs in the group of 15% women and 4% men. Pearson’s Chi2 test showed a relationship between the incidence of Hashimoto’s disease and gender (p=0.037). The quota coefficient showed that this relationship is weak (0.13). The disease is more common in women.

Conclusions. There is a close relationship between the incidence of thyroid disease and mental health illness, including behavioural disorders. Patients with co-morbidity are significantly more likely to present mental illnesses and disorders. The dominance of mental illnesses and disorders is three times higher compared to thyroid diseases.
Concepts People and Power in Russian and Spanish Electoral Discourse
Authors: Smirnova I. V.
Published: October 2021

Political communication becomes particularly intense in the pre-election period. Democracy  receives criticism aimed to protect the interests of citizens. It is political parties that are responsible for a constructive discussion of their positions and motivating citizens to participate in the election campaign. Te electoral language is usually an emotional, connotative language, which resonates with citizens. Political electoral discourse is characterized by certain basic concepts, such as “politics”, “election”, “electoral programs”, “electorate”, “people”, “power” and others. “People” and “power” are the key ones, since they reﬂect the features of political process and are inextricably linked to each other during all electoral period. Tis article focuses on the study of the people / power opposition in the Russian and Spanish electoral discourse and identifes conceptual structures and signs of these concepts.
Expressive Exclamation Constructions in the Position of an Online Newspaper Headline (on the Material of Russian, Chuvash and English Languages)
Authors: Gavrilov A. D.
Published: October 2021

Ths article is aimed at identifying and comparing the syntactic models of expressive exclamation constructions in the headlines of the online versions of high-quality printed publications: the Vedomosti and the Izvestia (in Russian), the Khypar (in Chuvash), Th Times and Th Guardian (in English). Th research material is online newspaper headlines published in the period from 2017 to 2021. Th relevance of the work is explained by the fact that in the mass consumption of information on the Internet the title has the greatest potential for speech impact on the mass audience, realized by means of expressive syntax and punctuation. Th expressive exclamation structure of the online newspaper headline enhances its expressiveness, translates the author’s intentions, conveys the author’s emotions, forms opinions and encourages readers to act, etc. Depending on the type of speech inflence, the patterns of syntactic design of heading syntactic design in Russian, Chuvash and English are analyzed on the basis of speech influence (social, volitional, informational, explanatory, or emotional-evaluative). For instance, Russian headings of requests, orders and slogans are formed as an elliptical non-verbal construction, a sentence with a verb in the imperative mood and an appeal to a certain person, as well as a construction consisting of homogeneous predicates in the imperative mood. Chuvash headlines of requests, demands and slogans, and the titles that convey various emotions are represented by an exclamation construction with a verb in the imperative mood and a direct address, with a verb in the imperative mood and a negative particle, an indefiite personal sentence, elliptical and parcelled constructions. Expressive exclamation headings in English are based on two-part and segmented syntactic structures. Thse strategies for the design of expressive exclamation constructions in online newspaper headlines reflct the development of syntactic systems of the languages with diffrent structures and make a certain contribution to the development of theoretical foundations of comparative media stylistics.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA PROYEK SEBELUM DAN SETELAH COVID-19 DI SUMATERA SELATAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. SINAR BRAJA MUKTI)
Authors: Ronaldo Andreas , Sulistio Hendrik
Published: October 2021

Pandemi covid-19 telah masuk Indonesia sejak maret 2020 dan tentunya menyebabkan dampak yang sangat besar pada berbagai sektor khususnya konstruksi. Pemerintah telah menerapkan berbagai aturan seperti PSBB, PSBB Transisi, PSBB jilid 2, PPKM mikro dan makro. Serta berbagai aturan lain dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk mencegah penyebaran covid. Namun tentunya perekonomian harus tetap berjalan. Sehingga untuk dapat mengetahui besarnya dampak dari covid-19 ini dilakukan perbandingan penjadwalan dengan menggunakan metode probabilistik seperti menggunakan metode monte carlo. Daerah yang dijadikan sasaran untuk penelitian kali ini di sumatera selatan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan simulasi monte carlo yang mana memerlukan durasi optimis, pesimis, dan most likely pada setiap proyek. Proyek yang digunakan adalah 2 proyek yang berlangsung di daerah yang sama dengan kondisi yang berbeda. Yaitu sebelum dan setelah covid-19. Proyek pertama yaitu pembangunan Gedung Arsip (sebelum covid-19) dan Proyek kedua yaitu pembangunan Gedung Laboratorium (setelah covid-19). Simulasi monte carlo ini menggunakan software crystall ball dan distribusi yang digunakan adalah distribusi triangular. setelah dilakukan simulasi, akan dilakukan Analisa perbandingan antara durasi pesimis, optimis, most likely,  durasi simulasi, dan durasi yang terjadi dari ke-2 proyek. Hasil yang didapat pada proyek Gedung Arsip (sebelum covid-19) yaitu: durasi optimis 18 minggu, durasi pesimis 39 minggu, durasi most likely 24 minggu, hasil simulasi 28 minggu, dan pelaksanaan 26 minggu. Pada proyek Gedung Laboratorium (setelah covid-19) didapat hasil yaitu, durasi optimis 18 minggu, pesimis 44 minggu, most likely 25 minggu, hasil simulasi 28 minggu, dan pelaksanaan 28 minggu. Hasil pelaksanaan dari ke-2 proyek berada diantara durasi pesimis dan optimis.
Negatywne zachowania pracowników i klientów w procesie świadczenia usług turystycznych - studium sektora gastronomicznego
Authors: Bednarska Marlena , Łuka Paweł
Published: October 2021

W procesie świadczenia usług turystycznych dochodzi do licznych i intensywnych interakcji pomiędzy pracownikami a klientami. Jakość tych interakcji ma istotne znaczenie dla kształtowania doświadczeń usługowych i tym samym dla zdolności do budowania przez usługodawców przewagi na rynku. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie natężenia negatywnych zachowań pracowników i klientów w przedsiębiorstwach turystycznych oraz charakteru i siły zależności pomiędzy tymi zachowaniami. Celowi temu służyły badania ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród 108 osób z doświadczeniem zawodowym w jednej z branż współtworzących sektor turystyczny – branży gastronomicznej. Badania wykazały, że istnieje pozytywny umiarkowany związek pomiędzy antyspołecznymi zachowaniami przejawianymi przez pracowników i klientów, wymierzonymi w partnerów interakcji usługowych. Zidentyfikowane relacje podkreślają wagę działań podejmowanych przez przedsiębiorstwa turystyczne zmierzających do neutralizowania negatywnego wpływu niepożądanych zachowań klientów na zachowania pracowników i poziom wykonania zadań zawodowych.
Wyposażenie infrastruktury transportowej i intensywność ruchu turystycznego województw Polski w latach 2015-2019
Authors: Pilichowska Paulina , Glądała Aleksandra
Published: October 2021

Ruch turystyczny, odpowiedni poziom zagospodarowania turystycznego oraz walory turystyczne to trzy najistotniejsze elementy, które muszą zaistnieć na danym obszarze, by można było powiedzieć, że pełni on funkcję turystyczną. Dostępność transportowa określana jest jako jeden z czynników wpływających na atrakcyjność turystyczną regionu. Wśród licznych metod jej pomiaru wyróżnia się zastosowaną w niniejszym opracowaniu dostępność mierzoną wyposażeniem infrastrukturalnym. Celem opracowania jest uporządkowanie województw Polski ze względu na intensywność ruchu turystycznego oraz dostępność wyposażenia infrastruktury transportowej, ocena ich zróżnicowania i zmian zachodzących w czasie. Badaniem objęto 16 województw Polski. Zakres czasowy badania obejmuje lata 2015 i 2019. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie informacji statystycznych pochodzących z bazy danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Analiza dowiodła, że województwa Polski wykazują duże zróżnicowanie zarówno ze względu na intensywność ruchu turystycznego, jak i wyposażenia infrastruktury transportowej. Nie potwierdzono hipotezy, że województwa Polski, które charakteryzują się najwyższym stopniem intensywności ruchu turystycznego, posiadają najbardziej rozbudowaną infrastrukturę transportową, natomiast województwa, które z uwagi na intensywność ruchu turystycznego zajęły ostatnie lokaty w rankingu, cechują się niskim stopniem wyposażenia infrastruktury transportowej.
Vertientes de la investigación educativa en la Universidad Veracruzana y en la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca
Authors: Hernández y Hernández Nadia Denisse , López González Rocío , Ortega Guerrero Juan Carlos , Reyes Sanabria Saúl , García Gálvez Joyce , Jácome Ávila Nancy , Sánchez Martínez Gabriela , Dorantes Carrión Jeysira Jaqueline , Grijalva Martínez Olga , Alarcón Montiel Esmeralda , Otero Escobar Alma Delia , Gazca Herrera Luis Alejandro , Sánchez Hernández Guillermo Leonel , Maldonado Berea Guadalupe Aurora , Hernández Escampa Abarca Marco Antonio , Barrera Fernández Daniel , Gómez Barranco Heidy
Published: October 2021

Esta obra es coordinada por integrantes del cuerpo académico Educación, Cultura y Sociedad, del Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Educación Superior de la Universidad Veracruzana. Es el resultado de la colaboración entre distintos cuerpos académicos de la Universidad Veracruzana (Educación, cultura y sociedad; Planeación e innovación tecnológica; y Género y cultura) y de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (Educación y construcción del conocimiento; Estudios Educativos; Diseño arquitectónico y urbano; y Tecnología y sustentabilidad), así como miembros del Núcleo Académico Básico del Doctorado en Innovación en Educación Superior del CIIES-UV.
LEITURA LITERÁRIA NA ESCOLA: O DESAFIO DA MUDANÇA DE PARADIGMA
Authors: Melo Camila , Martini Júlia , Lopes Mayara , Silva Lílian , Forgearini Nunes Marília , Sperrhake Renata
Published: October 2021

O presente texto objetiva discutir a concepção de leitura literária na educação básica e apontar alternativas para o resgate de uma perspectiva que seja produtora de leitores de literatura. Para tanto, vale-se de autores como Cosson (2014, 2020, 2021), Bajour (2012) e Petit (2008, 2019). A discussão está empiricamente embasada em uma análise da Base Nacional Comum Curricular e em uma experiência de clube de leitura viabilizada em ação de extensão universitária. As análises apontam que a promoção de ações que aproximam leitores e textos, as quais promovem espaços de fala e de escuta sobre o que se lê e sobre os sentidos que os leitores produzem, potencializa uma concepção de leitura literária experiencial (COSSON, 2016). Quando essa aproximação acontece envolvendo professores da Educação Básica, fortalece-se a sua constituição como leitores de literatura por haver mais ferramentas para potencializar a experiência de leitura literária para e com os seus alunos na Educação Básica.
Polymer viscosifier systems with potential application for enhanced oil recovery: a review
Authors: Pinho de Aguiar Kelly Lúcia Nazareth , Palermo Luiz Carlos Magalhães , Mansur Claudia Regina Elias
Published: October 2021

Due to the growing demand for oil and the large number of mature oil fields, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are increasingly used to increase the oil recovery factor. Among the chemical methods, the use of polymers stands out to increase the viscosity of the injection fluid and harmonize the advance of this fluid in the reservoir to provide greater sweep efficiency. Synthetic polymers based on acrylamide are widely used for EOR, with Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PHPA) being used the most. However, this polymer has low stability under harsh reservoir conditions (High Temperature and Salinity – HTHS). In order to improve the sweep efficiency of polymeric fluids under these conditions, Hydrophobically Modified Associative Polymers (HMAPs) and Thermo-Viscosifying Polymers (TVPs) are being developed. HMAPs contain small amounts of hydrophobic groups in their water-soluble polymeric chains, and above the Critical Association Concentration (CAC), form hydrophobic microdomains that increase the viscosity of the polymer solution. TVPs contain blocks or thermosensitive grafts that self-assemble and form microdomains, substantially increasing the solution’s viscosity. The performance of these systems is strongly influenced by the chemical group inserted in their structures, polymer concentration, salinity and temperature, among other factors. Furthermore, the application of nanoparticles is being investigated to improve the performance of injection polymers applied in EOR. In general, these systems have excellent thermal stability and salinity tolerance along with high viscosity, and therefore increase the oil recovery factor. Thus, these systems can be considered promising agents for enhanced oil recovery applications under harsh conditions, such as high salinity and temperature. Moreover, stands out the use of genetic programming and artificial intelligence to estimate important parameters for reservoir engineering, process improvement, and optimize polymer flooding in enhanced oil recovery.
The Therapeutic Alliance May Yet Prove Effective
Authors: O'Hagan Edel T. , Leake Hayley B. , Heathcote Lauren C. , Stanton Tasha R. , Moseley G. Lorimer
Published: October 2021

Letter to the Editor-in-Chief in response to JOSPT article “Education With Therapeutic Alliance Did Not Improve Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Low Risk of Poor Prognosis Compared to Education Without Therapeutic Alliance: A Randomized Controlled Trial” by Miyamoto et al.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(10):526–527. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0203
A new genus of the tribe Osminiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from the Oriental Region
Authors:   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia, Gorbunov O.G.
Published: October 2021

The genus Pyrophleps Arita et O. Gorbunov, 2000, stat. resurr. is restored from synonyms of the genus Aschistophleps Hampson, 1893. A new genus Nepyrophleps gen. n. is described. This new genus consists of three species: N. haematochrodes (Le Cerf, 1912), comb. n. (type species), N. cucphuonganae (Arita et O. Gorbunov, 2000), comb. n., and N. bicella (Xu et Arita, 2015), comb. n. A detailed redescription of A. haematochrodes is presented, including the male genitalia. This species is reported for Laos for the first time.
First record of Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) symmetrica Gorochov, 2011 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China
Authors:   College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China, Lu L.M. , Shi F.M. ,   College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
Published: October 2021

Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) symmetrica Gorochov, 2011 is recorded from China (Guangxi and Yunnan provinces) for the first time. The description and photographs of Chinese specimens are also given. The studied material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
A new arthroscopic sliding locking knot: Banarji knot
Authors: Banarji B. H. , Vinoth A.
Published: October 2021

Arthroscopic knot tying is a crucial component for a successful arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Knot tying should not be difficult to master or time consuming to perform. This study describes a new sliding locking knot for arthroscopic shoulder surgery and we named it Banarji knot, in the name of the author. It is a low profile, non-bulky, and double locking knot, which makes it a more secure knot.
The classifications of subaxial cervical spine traumatic injuries. Part 6. Ben L. Allen biomechanical classification
Authors: Nekhlopochyn Oleksii S. , Slynko Ievgenii I. , Verbov Vadim V.
Published: October 2021

Traumatic injuries of subaxial cervical spine are characterized by a wide range of possible pathomorphological changes that depend not only on the direction and intensity of the traumatic force impact, but also on the initial position of cervical spine at the moment of exposure.
One of the most detailed classifications of cervical spine traumatic injuries, in which the integrated approach to assessing the type of injury considering the mechanism of injury is used, is the system developed by Ben L. Allen and published with co-authors in 1982. It is also known as the Allen-Ferguson classification and despite long history of existence, still has not lost its relevance.
In the classification when characterizing the type of traumatic injury, not only visually detected signs, but also inevitably accompanying changes are given.
In total, 6 types of damage were classified: compression-flexion, vertical compression, distraction-flexion, compression-extension, distraction-extension and lateral-flexion, which were divided into stages depending on the severity of pathomorphological changes. The authors of the classification note a pronounced correlation between the nature of damage to anatomical structures and neurological disorders in all patterns of damage.
When writing this review, a detailed analysis of the original publication was carried out, highlighting the basic biomechanical aspects that underlie the classification and still have not lost their relevance . It is noted that the schematic images of damages found in modern literature often do not correspond to the description proposed by Ben L. Allen et al., Therefore, when preparing the illustrative material, we relied solely on the data of the original article.
Along with the description of morphology, for each type and stage of injury, modern data on possible methods of treatment, both conservative and surgical are given.
The complex analysis suggests that the classification developed by Ben L. Allen is a convenient tool for assessing pathomorphological changes and allows choosing the optimal method of treating the patients in each specific clinical situation.
علامات الساعة عند المتكلمين وأهل الحديث والأثر من خلال الاستدلال بأحاديث الكتب التسعة
Authors: آل بنة أحمد بن سعد
Published: October 2021

إن مسائل اليوم الآخر من المسائل العقدية العظيمة وهي أساس الركن الخامس من أركان الإيمان بالله تعالى، وتعتبر علامات الساعة أول مسائل اليوم الآخر لذلك هي جديرة بالبحث والتأمل؛ وذلك باعتبار أن وقوع بعض تلك العلامات العظيمة مؤذنة بتغيَّر الأحداث في العالمين الأرضي والسماوي، ولذلك فإن معرفة المنهج الصحيح القائم على الأخذ بالدليل من الكتاب والسنة واستنباط سلف الأمة الصالح هو موضوع جدير بالبحث والعناية. حيث أن علامات الساعة لها علاقة وثيقة بالعقيدة الإسلامية ومن هنا كان هذا البحث الذي جاء مبيَّناً لموقف المتكلمين المعتزلة من علامات الساعة، مع بيان منهح أهل الحديث والأثر، وقد حاولت أن يكون مدار البحث وطبيعته من خلال ما استدل بها كل فريق على هذه المسألة من أحاديث الكتب التسعة، مع مناقشة تلك الأقوال، وبيان الصواب فيها، مختتماً بأهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها من هذا البحث والذي اسأل الله أن يكون فيه النفع والفائدة للكاتب والقارئ، إنه وليُّ ذلك والقادرُ عليه، والحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمدٍ وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين.
تأثير المنابلة الحرارية أثناء فترة الحضانة في المواصفات النوعية الداخلية والخارجية لبيضة الفري
Authors: ديب اياد رياض علي , مهرة ابراهيم , سكرية شادي
Published: October 2021

انتشر إنتاج بيض الفري في الآونة الأخيرة بشكل جيد كمصدر من مصادر البروتين الحيواني لسد احتياجات المستهلكين من هذا البروتين، إضافة للمواصفات التي يتميز بها كمحتواه من البروتينات والفيتامينات والعناصر المعدنية مقارنة ببيض الدجاج. هدف البحث إلى تقييم المواصفات النوعية الداخلية والخارجية لبيض أمات الفري الناتجة من بيض منابل حرارياً أثناء مراحل مختلفة من الحضانة، ومعرفة مدى تأثير برامج المنابلة في مواصفات البيضة ونوعيتها. وُزعت 200 بيضة عشوائياً إلى أربع مجموعات متساوية. حُضّنت بيضات المجموعة الأولى تحت الشروط القياسية لتفريخ بيض الفري، وعُرّضت بيضات المجموعات الثلاثة الأخرى لدرجة حرارة 41° س لمدة 3 ساعات يومياً لمدة 3 أيام متتالية في مراحل مختلفة من التطور الجنيني (مرحلة التطور الجنيني المبكرة – المتأخرة – المزدوجة). جُمعت 40 بيضة بشكل عشوائي بمعدل 10 بيضات من طيور كل مجموعة بهدف دراسة مؤشرات المواصفات النوعية الداخلية والخارجية لبيضة الفري. أظهرت النتائج تفوق مجموعة المنابلة الحرارية أثناء مرحلة التطور الجنيني المتأخر على مجموعة الشاهد بدلالات إحصائية (p<0.05) في معظم المؤشرات المدروسة، أما مجموعة المنابلة أثناء مرحلة التطور الجنيني المبكر فقد كان هناك أفضلية لها (p<0.05) في وزن البيضة ووزن البياض مقارنة بالشاهد. يمكن القول إن الأمات الناتجة عن بيضات منابلة حرارياً وفق هاتين المجموعتين تضع بيضات ذات جودة أفضل.
العرف والعادة ودورهما في الكشف عن مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: درادكه أيمن عليان أحمد
Published: October 2021

يدرس هذا البحث العرف والعادات ودورها في الكشف عن مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، وقد تم تقسيمه إلى ثلاثة مباحث، الأول: مفاهيم ومصطلحات الدراسة، الثاني: العرف والعادات وعلاقتها بمنهج التعليل والتعبد في الشريعة الإسلامية. والثالث: العرف والعادات وعلاقتها بالمصالح والمفاسد. وقد حاول البحث الإجابة على التساؤلات التالية: ما دور العرف في تحقيق مقصد الشارع؟ وما العلاقة بين العرف ومقاصد الشريعة؟ وقد توصل الباحث إلى وجود علاقة بين العرف ومقاصد الشريعة، ودور العرف في تحقيق مقصد الشارع، على اعتبار أن المصلحة عادة من العادات، وقد ثبت أن الشارع قد راعى مصالح الناس، ومن بينها اعتبار أعرافهم وعاداتهم في التشريع، ولذا وجب على الفقيه مراعاة العرف والعادة في الحكم، بما ينسجم مع تحقيق مقصد الشارع، وقد اتبع الباحث لتحقيق ذلك كله المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي.
الاعتراضات الأصولية لأبي إسحاق الشيرازي في مباحث الأمر
Authors: أبو بكر كارموكو
Published: October 2021

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على آراء أبي إسحاق الشيرازي الأصولية في مسائل الأمر واعتراضاته على مخالفيه من خلال كتبه الأصولية، واستخدم الباحث المنهج التحليلي في عرض المسائل، وتوصل الباحث إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها: الأول: أنّ أبا إسحاق الشيرازي اعترض على ثلة من الأصوليين في مباحث الأمر وله في ذلك عدة مسالك منها: مسلك التصريح وذلك بذكر أسماء بعض مخالفيه كأبي القاسم البلخي، ومسلك التلميح بأسماء الآخرين، كقوله: قال بعض الشافعية، وبعض أصحاب أبي حنيفة، وبعض المعتزلة، وردت ألفاظ الاعتراضات التي استعملها الشيرازي على الأصوليين في مباحث الأمر من كتبه (اللمع وشرحه والتبصرة): "هذا غير صحيح " ولفظ" هذا خطأ، ثُمّ لفظ " هذا غلط" وهذا باطل. الثاني: أنّ أغلب اعتراضات أبي إسحاق الشيرازي في مباحث الأمر صحيحة، منها: أنّه لا يرى اشتراط الإرادة في الأمر. وأنّ ترجمة المسألة الأمر يقتضي الفور والتراخي غلط، بل هي الأمر يقتضي الفور أم لا. وأنّ الندب في الصفة لا يقتضي وجوب موصوفها، وأنّ الواجب يطلق على أقلّ ما يَنْطبق عليه الاسم، كالقدر الواجب في الركوع والسجود.
الكسب غير المشروع دوافعه وعلاجه من منظور إسلامي: دراسة فقهية تحليلية
Authors: الخضيري صالح بن محمد
Published: October 2021

هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة موضوع الكسب غير المشروع وذلك بتسليط الضوء على مفهوم الكسب من حيث اللغة والاصطلاح وبيان المراد بالكسب غير المشروع والأسباب التي تحمل الناس على ذلك. واستخدم المنهج الاستقرائي وذلك باستقراء أحكام الكسب غير المشروع في المدونات الفقهية، كما استخدم المنهج الوصفي والذي يظهر من خلال شرح النصوص الواردة في الموضوع وكذلك آراء الفقهاء وترجيح الراجح منها. حيث قام الباحث في هذا البحث بذكر أنواع الكسب غير المشروع وموقف الإسلام منها، ومن ثم ذكر الأضرار المترتبة على الكسب غير المشروع والتي تعود على الفرد والمجتمع. وقد توصل إلى عدد من النتائج من أهمها أن الكسب غير المشروع من الأسباب التي أدت إلى غياب البركة في كثير من المجتمعات. واستنادا للنتائج أوصى الباحث بضرورة قيام طلبة العلم والباحثين بإعداد مزيد من البحث والدراسة في مثل هذه الموضوعات المهمة التي تحتاج إلى التوضيح والتفصيل من الناحية الشرعية.
Build Encrypted Interconnection Networks by application of IP Security and Mac Address Filtering Authentication Methods
Authors: Jouma Ali AlMohamad Jouma Ali AlMohamad
Published: October 2021

To improve the security in data networks we use of IP Security and MAC Address Filtering authentication methods on network devices is very useful to be able to protect, verify and filter company data especially if data contain sensitive information like credit cards while using public data network. IP Security authentication provides integrity between connections, then Filtering MAC Address can help the router task to be able recognize users on the network, So that expected the combination between IP Security and Mac Address Filtering will provide security for every transfer and receive data from Headquarter to branch office, then the company doesn't have to worry about data package being robbed or manipulated by the unauthorized parties.
The Names of the Letters for Al- Khalil Bin Ahmad: A Lexical Morphological Study
Authors: Sara Hassan Saeed Alzahrani Sara Hassan Saeed Alzahrani
Published: October 2021

This research aimed at study some of the linguistic lexical rules that were established by the pioneer of language and the Arabic lexicon, Al Khalil bin Ahmed Al- Farahidi, and which Al- Khalil included in his dictionary and referred to it in his exclusive comprehensive genius style.The study deals with the names of letters and the rooting for them in Al Khalil and those who came after him from the linguists and the dictionary Interpretation and others who devoted his knowledge and age to serve the language of the Noble Qur’an,. The study came as an analytical morphological lexical, and it is unique as far as I know regarding the general rules in Al Ain’s dictionary of Al Khalil.
Improving the level of food security of the region: cluster approach
Authors: Andreeva M. V. , Kirik O. B. , Borisova A. S.
Published: October 2021

Scientific approaches to the study of food security at the regional level of the Russian Federation are considered. The main indicators characterizing the level of food security of the Vologda region have been analysed. The main problems in providing the population of the region with food products of their own production have been identified. The problem of the low level of production of meat and meat products in the region has been identified as a problem that requires the most careful attention of regional government bodies. It has been concluded that the strengthen state support for meat livestock enterprises of the region is necessary. The analysis of the opinions of domestic scientists on the application of the cluster approach to the development of the agro-industrial complex has been carried out. The expediency of creating a meat cluster of the Vologda region as a promising tool for solving the problem of the low level of provision of the population of the region with meat is justified. The results of the SWOT analysis of the meat cluster of the Vologda region have been presented. The general concept of the meat cluster of the region is proposed.
Plantain Theory and the Attainment of SDGs 2030 by African States: An Exposition
Authors:   Department of Political Science and Administration University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Frank Etim O. , Ukpere Wilfred ,   Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, School of Management, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: October 2021

Agenda 2030 is the Sustainable Development Goals with 17 indicators. Like its predecessors, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),with only eight goals yet African states could not achieve half of the eight goals then and may not get close to a quarter of the SDGs because of the pathologies of development which are legendary in Africa. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the Plantain tree crop, in which many African countries have global comparative advantage as a means to attaining seven or 41.17 per cent of the 17 goals, against one-sizefit- all approach often applied to such development agenda. The method of study was descriptive which through its procedure revealed, that these countries were not putting this crop and its properties to optimum usage. This approach was complemented by observations and triangulation by library researches on the various usages of plantain tree. The technique included informal interviews of traditional medicine practitioners on the ailments cured through the use of plantain properties. The tactic of the study further revealed that the life-span of plantain is about 20 years, hence it can feed the present and future generation, it withstands every climatic condition, and the fruit could be eaten ripe, unripe, as chips, as plantain flour and paste use in pharmaceutical industries for drugs making. Every part of the plantain tree is use by alternative medicine practitioners. It resolved that the countries that have global comparative advantage with plantain, could harness all the economic and medicinal advantages to achieve the SDGs by 2030 without borrowing in the face of heavy indebtedness. Political will and leadership as well as investments are some of the requirements needed to achieve the goals proposed herein, which affirms the efficacy of Plantain theory as a mechanism towards achieving some percentages of the SDGs by some African States.
Irak'ın İlk Askeri Darbesi: 1936 Bekir Sıtkı Darbesi
Authors: AKDOĞAN Onur
Published: October 2021

İngilizlerin çıkarları doğrultusunda 30 Haziran 1930 tarihinde imzalanan İngiltere-Irak Antlaşması ile Irak’ın iki yıl içerisinde tam bağımsız olacağı belirlenmiştir. İngilizlerin Irak topraklarındaki imtiyazlarını koruyan bu antlaşma ile Irak, -sözde-bağımsızlığına kavuşmasının hemen ardından ilk olarak Asurilerin isyanları ile uğraşmak durumunda kalmıştır. Irak ordusu için bir nevi dönüm noktası olan bu isyanın başarılı bir şekilde bastırılması neticesinde ordunun itibarı oldukça artmıştır. Kazanılan bu itibarla birlikte Bekir Sıtkı liderliğindeki ordu, siyasi bir değer olarak Irak’ta önemli bir konuma gelmiş ve çok geçmeden, Irak’ın ilk minör darbesinde aktif bir rol üstlenen ordu, bu tarihten itibaren gücünü daha da artırarak siyasetle de ilgilenmeye başlamıştır. Ancak bu yeni iktidarın ömrü de uzun sürmemiş ve Bekir Sıtkı darbesi olarak da bilinen 1936 askeri darbesi ile sonlandırılmıştır. Bu darbe, Irak’ın siyasi tarihindeki ilk askeri darbe özelliğini taşımaktadır ve literatürde yeterince incelenmiş değildir. Çalışmada, 1936 Bekir Sıtkı darbesine giden süreç ve ordunun Irak siyasetinde önemli bir güç haline gelmesine neden olan olaylar incelenmiş ve özellikle Irak’ın bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonraki dönemde, askeri kuvvetlerin siyasi arenada önemli bir güç haline gelmesi ve 1936 darbesinin olgunlaşma süreci ön planda tutulmuştur. Bu yönüyle literatüre katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada şu sonuca varılmıştır ki, Irak siyasal düzenin bu askeri müdahale ile bozulmasına zemin hazırlayan gelişmeler, darbe sonrasındaki süreçte de devam ederek ordunun konumunu her geçen gün daha da artırmış ve siyaset yapıcı aktörlerin başına getirmiştir.
Structural and Morphometric Analysis of the Ihe-Ukhgun Small River Basin (Irkut River Basin)
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Bezgodova O. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the structural and morphometric analysis of a small rivers using the example of the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin (left tributary of the Irkut river), which is based on a complex processing of a digital elevation model (DEM). The author has prepared a hydrologically correct DEM based on the ALOS Digital Surface Model (DSM) satellite data, carried out an automated calculation and mapping of the basin erosion network based on the DEM data, calculated the structural indicators of the third-order basins for analyzing the basin organization of the small rivers network. Structural and morphometric analysis using GIS was practically not used for the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin which is placed in different landscapes, geological and geomorphological conditions. The work is based on geomorphometric and structural morphometric methods as well as the method of geoinformation mapping and relief modeling for analyzing lower-order basins. Thalweg erosion network modeling up to the fourth order of the river basin Ihe-Uhgun was carried out with using of DEM analysis in the ArcGIS 10 program. The map of the erosional network of the basin was constructed, morphometric indicators of rivers (length, area of basins, sum of slopes, coefficient of basin asymmetry, etc.) were obtained, and then the indices of the basin structure (structure of bifurcation, lengths, areas and slopes) were calculated. As a result, an asymmetric erosion network was revealed, which indicates a great work in the transfer of matter of first-order streams. First-order streams exceed those of the second and third orders streams in terms of catchment area, length and steepness of adjacent slopes. The interrelation of morphometric characteristics of different-order streams within third order sub-basins are most fully traced with the using of structural indices and their comparison with modal indicators. In general, the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin is characterized by a heterogeneous structure of the streams ratio of the first, second and third orders. The basins of the Khurguta, Khubyty and Ulan-Gol rivers have the highest degree of homogeneity. At the same time, for the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin, there is no direct relationship with the area of the third order drainage basins.
Association Between Passive Hip Range of Motion and Pitching Kinematics in High School Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Plummer Hillary A. , Bordelon Nicole M. , Wasserberger Kyle W. , Opitz Tyler J. , Anz Adam W. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Limitations in passive hip range of motion (PROM) may negatively affect pitching mechanics in baseball pitchers. Understanding the relationships between PROM and mechanics can assist in the development of injury prevention protocols.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of hip rotational PROM with pelvis and trunk rotation during pitching in high school baseball pitchers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Methods

Twenty-five healthy high school baseball pitchers volunteered (15.9 ± 1.1 years; 180.4 ± 5.5 cm; 75.4 ± 9.3 kg). Seated passive hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) PROM were measured using a digital inclinometer. Total PROM was calculated (IR+ER). Pitching biomechanical data were collected with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system while pitchers threw fastballs. Simple linear regressions were performed to examine the association between hip IR, ER, and total PROM with pitching kinematics at foot contact including stride length, pelvis rotation, and trunk rotation.

Results

Only one significant association in PROM and kinematics was observed. Drive leg hip IR PROM was associated with trunk rotation angle [F(1,24) = 4.936, p = 0.036], with an R2 = 0.177. Drive leg total PROM was not associated trunk rotation angle [F(1,24) = 4.144, p = 0.053] with an R2 = 0.153.

Conclusions

Increased drive leg hip IR PROM was associated with decreased trunk rotation towards home plate. Hip total PROM and ER were not related to pitching mechanics.

Level of Evidence

2
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter: Reliability, Discriminant Validity, and Predictive Validity
Authors: Plisky Phillip , Schwartkopf-Phifer Katherine , Huebner Bethany , Garner Mary Beth , Bullock Garrett
Published: October 2021

Background

Deficits in dynamic neuromuscular control have been associated with post-injury sequelae and increased injury risk. The Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) has emerged as a tool to identify these deficits.

Purpose

To review the reliability of the YBT-LQ, determine if performance on the YBT-LQ varies among populations (i.e., sex, sport/activity, and competition level), and to determine the injury risk identification validity of the YBT-LQ based on asymmetry, individual reach direction performance, or composite score.

Study Design

Systematic Review

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed of 10 online databases from inception to October 30, 2019. Only studies that tested dynamic single leg balance using the YBT-LQ were included. Studies were excluded if the Y-Balance Test kit was not utilized during testing or if there was a major deviation from the Y-Balance test procedure. For methodological quality assessment, the modified Downs and Black scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used.

Results

Fifty-seven studies (four in multiple categories) were included with nine studies assessing reliability, 36 assessing population differences, and 16 assessing injury prediction were included. Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.85-0.91. Sex differences were observed in the posteromedial direction (males: 109.6 [95%CI 107.4-111.8]; females: 102.3 [95%CI 97.2-107.4; p = 0.01]) and posterolateral direction (males: 107.0 [95%CI 105.0-109.1]; females: 102.0 [95%CI 97.8-106.2]). However, no difference was observed between sexes in the anterior reach direction (males: 71.9 [95%CI 69.5-74.5]; females: 70.8 [95%CI 65.7-75.9]; p=0.708). Differences in composite score were noted between soccer (97.6; 95%CI 95.9-99.3) and basketball (92.8; 95%CI 90.4-95.3; p <0.01), and baseball (97.4; 95%CI 94.6-100.2) and basketball (92.8; 95%CI 90.4-95.3; p=0.02). Given the heterogeneity of injury prediction studies, a meta-analysis of these data was not possible. Three of the 13 studies reported a relationship between anterior reach asymmetry reach and injury risk, three of 10 studies for posteromedial and posterolateral reach asymmetry, and one of 13 studies reported relationship with composite reach asymmetry.

Conclusions

There was moderate to high quality evidence demonstrating that the YBT-LQ is a reliable dynamic neuromuscular control test. Significant differences in sex and sport were observed. If general cut points (i.e., not population specific) are used, the YBT-LQ may not be predictive of injury. Clinical population specific requirements (e.g., age, sex, sport/activity) should be considered when interpreting YBT-LQ performance, particularly when used to identify risk factors for injury.

Level of Evidence

1b