bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stepford Wives , Levin and the Gothic
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

The gothic is a style that pervades The Stepford Wives visually, thematically, and narratively. Originating in eighteenth century literature, the gothic explores subjects of isolation, entrapment, the uncanny, and dangerous people who are not what they seem. Female centred gothic further focuses on questions of autonomy in relation to women’s bodies in patriarchal society. The gothic is not only central to the film The Stepford Wives, it is pivotal to the work of Ira Levin, which the film follows closely in its adaptation. This first chapter focuses primarily on Levin’s novels, particularly Rosemary’s Baby (1967). It examines his use of gothic themes and motifs, along with urban and suburban gothic styles. In doing so, the chapter establishes the lineage from which The Stepford Wives derives.
Automatons, Androids, and Stepford Wives
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

Fictional imaginings about artificial women date back to antiquity with tales like Ovid’s Pygmalion. Here, Pygmalion carves his ideal partner out of ivory, before calling on the divine power of the goddess Venus to turn his sculpture into a living being. Later, following industrialisation, tales about men making artificial women as superior versions of their fleshly counterparts emerged as a trope with stories such as E.T.A Hoffman’s Der Sandmann (1816) and Auguste Villiers de l’Isle-Adams’ L’Eve Future (1886). This chapter situates The Stepford Wives in the context of fictions from the 1800s forward, including L’Eve Future. It establishes the importance of critical debates about the nature of life, initiated by experiments in galvanic resurrection, to the idea of life-like automations.
The Stepford Wives and Liberal Feminism
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

From a contemporary perspective, The Stepford Wives clearly speaks back to the most salient concerns of liberal feminism of the 1960s and 1970s, specifically the situation of white, middle-class, suburban housewives – the focus of Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963). Indeed, the film (and Levin’s novel before it) are intended as a feminist diatribe. Levin makes explicit reference to Friedan, writing her into a scene and Goldman went so far as to interview Friedan and other liberal feminists to ensure the films political allegiance. It is surprising then, that some activists, including Friedan herself, were outraged by the cinematic release of The Stepford Wives. This chapter explores these reactions in the context of the popular media climate at the time and in relation to prominent feminist publications. The chapter also examines the limits of Friedan’s writing in light of subsequent scholarship.
Vagrancy and Witness
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Discusses two autobiographical accounts of the earlier 19th century to introduce the central themes of Part 1: modes of self-representation, the cultural resources that life story tellers may draw on at any given historical moment, mediation and the control of meaning. This chapter also explores the role of the amanuensis, of Methodism and conversion narratives as well as orality and literacy in the customary society of the time. The two accounts discussed in detail here are: Memoirs of a Female Vagrant (1806) by Mary Saxby, an itinerant worker who worked and travelled in Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire and Essex; and Hawkie: The Autobiography of a Gangrel (1888) by William Cameron, a Scottish chapbook seller who travelled extensively in central Scotland.
Mobilizing Life Stories
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Considers the origins, circumstances, and story-telling strategies of two life-story accounts at a peak moment of population movement in the twentieth century: the wake of the Second World War. This chapter gives a reading of An Irish Navvy: The Diary of an Exile (1964) by the labourer, journalist and short story writer Donall MacAmhlaigh, who as part of the Irish diaspora travelled to the English midlands from County Donegal. MacAmhlaigh’s account parallels an oral history interview with Bibi Inder Kaur (c. 2000) which recalls her experiences of forced migration during the Indian partition and the development of her own distinctive Indian feminism. One significant connection between these accounts is their form: both revolve around boat stories. Different in origin and execution, yet connected by their common moment, these two life stories highlight distinct modes of adaptation, traumatic memory, culture and gender difference as well as shared political rights activism.
Voice and Ventriloquism
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Discusses how the investigative methodologies of John Clay and Henry Mayhew mediated the migrant image towards the mid-19th century. The study focusses on power relations between subject and investigator. Editing, fictionalisation, and moral fable-making appear to give control over representations of the migrant. By contrast, interviewees deploy their own cultural resources as a counter-archive of migrant experience founded on oral tradition, selective telling and viewpoint to refuse the expectations of the investigator. The two accounts examined and compared in detail are both by ‘juvenile delinquents’: first, Ellen O’Neill’s Extraordinary Confessions of a Female Pickpocket (1850), recorded by prison reform advocate John Clay, recounting the testimony of young Irish diaspora woman travelling England during the early-mid 19th century; second, the testimony of a ‘vagrant boy’ as reported by Henry Mayhew (1850).
Urban Explorers
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Explores the urban-industrial cultures emerging in the later 19th- and early 20th-century metropolis and strategies of women investigators refiguring the migrant image. The expanding global migratory systems of this moment lead to large-scale eastern European immigrant arrivals into Britain and in the United States. Simultaneously, new urban cultures of ethnic concentration, social survey, activist journalism as well as social and ethnographic research take on a new prominence, for example, through Hull House (Chicago) and Toynbee Hall (London). While investigators struggle to encompass and understand the new arrivals, powerfully politicised models of the migrant figure emerge. This chapter’s themes are pursued through a comparison of Sophonsiba Breckinridge and Edith Abbott’s Chicago housing survey (1908-11) and Beatrice Potter’s Booth project essays on East London (1886-99).
Picture as Archive
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Reflects on the changes in visual culture which have shaped the historical development of migrant images, including evolving image-making formats as well as institutional memory practices; also the effects of these changes on first-person and observer accounts as well as on the migrant’s struggle for self-determination and identity. This chapter further explores how these developments have contributed to historical and present-day accounts of the migrant figure. Beginning from reflections on the nature of the photography as both surveillance and historical evidence, this chapter suggests that wide range of visual sources is available. The notion of ‘eidetic evidence’ is put forward as a complement to ‘emic’ and ‘etic’ perspectives and materials. A selective discussion of visual technologies and the evidential paradigm since the late eighteenth century leads into a final section on analytic approaches to visual sources in chapters 12-15.
Unexpected Pleasures
Authors: Tucker Lauryl
Published: September 2022

Unexpected Pleasures traces a new lineage of modern and contemporary British writers who cast an ironic eye on their genres and make queer use of literary convention. Teasing out the parodic sensibility of writers like Woolf, Bowen, Selvon, Sayers, Stella Gibbons, and Zadie Smith, I take a fresh look at the throwback, the hidebound, the predictable, and the “funny” works that excessively obey the rules of genre and oversupply the pleasurable illusion of power that genre confers. I argue that these excesses weaken the reader’s predictive power over the text, and that this shaken expectation exposes and queers a broader set of assumptions about desire, resolution, and futurity that structure social and generic norms. The parodies I examine are queer not only in their liberatory challenge to gendered and sexual norms, but also in the way that their critique resists becoming merely anti-conventional: Rather than eliding the conventions of gender and genre and mocking glibly at both, these works dwell on how conventionality itself accrues meaning, what kinds of expectations we attach to it, and what we might hope for instead.
Studied for Action
Authors: Sauer Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Chapter two reconstructs Milton’s “bookscape,” Milton’s intellectual engagement with the books he read, by analysing the entries in his Commonplace Book. In doing so, it builds a sense of the intellectual structures which emerge from Milton’s reading, and the ways in which his engagements with these texts shape his own prose and poetry. It takes up Milton’s own metaphor of reading as digestion to consider the ways in which his judicious reading follows in humanist footsteps as his reading prepares him by helping him develop his principles as well as plans to put those principles into action.
“Gabriel’s Trumpet”
Authors: Dolloff Matthew
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 traces mathematical breakthroughs in the seventeenth-century concept of infinity and argues that they influence how Milton presents an infinite God in his late poetry. Beginning with Galileo’s Two New Sciences and the subsequent work of his student, Torricelli, it shows how the mathematical model called “Gabriel’s Trumpet” contradicts Aristotle’s claim that the finite and infinite cannot be proportionally related, and demonstrates how Milton could have encountered the concept. It then shows the implications for Milton’s infinite God and his relation to the finite world.
Mathematical Milton
Authors: Koester Christopher
Published: September 2022

Chapter 5 examines the mathematical understanding of the number one in the seventeenth century, arguing that a distinction between the concepts of essence and number demonstrates how Adam, in his solitude, is complete in his own essence but incomplete numerically, needing an Eve in order to multiply. It then takes up the same concept to interrogate the solitary essence of Milton’s God, and the implications of the unitary God produced by Milton’s antitrinitarianism. It argues that Milton understands the eventual union with God as a unification which preserves the essences of individual believers within a single divine whole.
Partition and Peacemaking after the Great War
Authors: Goldstein Erik
Published: September 2022

In the aftermath of the First World War partition emerged as a potential solution to ethnic conflict. With origins in the nineteenth century, as the war dragged on the idea of national self-determination grew in Allied circles, as a weapon to use against the Central Powers. Both British prime minister Lloyd George and United States president Woodrow Wilson in early 1918 advocated some form of self-determination. Its attractiveness in theory initially masked its troubled nature in practice. At the Paris Peace Conference problems arose in attempting to convert theory into practice, and in the final settlement a variety of mechanisms were utilized to ascertain the views of affected peoples. The wartime legacy of Wilson’s articulation of self-determination of peoples continued to resonate throughout the era of the postwar peacemaking. What groups understand about self-determination, and therefore the right of secession or the possibility of partition, may not have entirely aligned with Wilsonian thought, but the genie of national self-determination, and with it the desire for partition, was unleashed by the events of the Great War and its aftermath.
A ‘Dreary Fantasy’?
Authors: Brownlow Graham
Published: September 2022

Using a combination of applied economics, quantitative evidence and economic history this chapter distinguishes between the arguments made concerning the alleged economic consequences of partition. Partition provides a specific example of a formal political event or process with possible economic implications. Economics provides insights that allow the historian to assess such arguments. Much of the writing about the links between Irish political and economic situations have, at least since George O’Brien, often posited that partition explains the far from impressive long-run economic record of Northern Ireland. Implicit in such claims are nationalistic counterfactuals. While political factors, through poor institutional design, shaped Northern Ireland’s economic performance adversely it is implausible to explain the long-run economic record as being primarily the outcome of partition. Instead, it is fairer to observe, in the manner of cliometrics, that a range of endogenous and exogenous factors have held the economy back. It should be noted that until the 1990s the Northern Ireland economy unambiguously outperformed its southern neighbour; moreover, the reversal of fortunes since the 1990s requires a more nuanced explanation than a focus on partition allows.
Redefining Partition
Authors: McLoughlin P. J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the evolution of Irish nationalist thinking on the issue of partition. It does so by examining the political ideas of John Hume, leader of Northern Ireland’s Social Democratic and Labour Party between 1979 and 2001. Hume was a key figure in the reformulation of nationalist thinking on partition, helping to rearticulate the problem as being one of a divided people rather than a divided territory. Although a northern nationalist leader, Hume’s ideas greatly influenced the thinking of southern Irish political elites, and so the approach of successive Irish governments to partition. His dialogue with Sinn Féin from 1988 also helped to modify republican thinking, as he persuasively argued that violence was counter-productive to the pursuit of Irish reunification – it could only deepen communal divisions rather unite people. In helping to change Irish government and republican thinking on partition, Hume eased the path towards the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. The chapter argues that this settlement effectively ‘re-partitioned’ Ireland, but in a way that radically recast the border in terms of its political significance and practical consequences. The chapter ends by reflecting on the potential repercussions of Brexit for this settlement.
The AGEL Survey: Spectroscopic Confirmation of Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DES and DECaLS Fields Selected Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tran Kim-Vy H. , Harshan Anishya , Glazebrook Karl , Vasan G. C. Keerthi , Jones Tucker , Jacobs Colin , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Barone Tania M. , Collett Thomas E. , Gupta Anshu , Henderson Astrid , Kewley Lisa J. , Lopez Sebastian , Nanayakkara Themiya , Sanders Ryan L. , Sweet Sarah M.
Published: September 2022

We present spectroscopic confirmation of candidate strong gravitational lenses using the Keck Observatory and Very Large Telescope as part of our ASTRO 3D Galaxy Evolution with Lenses (AGEL) survey. We confirm that (1) search methods using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with visual inspection successfully identify strong gravitational lenses and (2) the lenses are at higher redshifts relative to existing surveys due to the combination of deeper and higher-resolution imaging from DECam and spectroscopy spanning optical to near-infrared wavelengths. We measure 104 redshifts in 77 systems selected from a catalog in the DES and DECaLS imaging fields (r ≤ 22 mag). Combining our results with published redshifts, we present redshifts for 68 lenses and establish that CNN-based searches are highly effective for use in future imaging surveys with a success rate of at least 88% (defined as 68/77). We report 53 strong lenses with spectroscopic redshifts for both the deflector and source (z
src > z
defl), and 15 lenses with a spectroscopic redshift for either the deflector (z
defl > 0.21) or source (z
src ≥ 1.34). For the 68 lenses, the deflectors and sources have average redshifts and standard deviations of 0.58 ± 0.14 and 1.92 ± 0.59 respectively, and corresponding redshift ranges of z
defl = 0.21–0.89 and z
src = 0.88–3.55. The AGEL systems include 41 deflectors at z
defl ≥ 0.5 that are ideal for follow-up studies to track how mass density profiles evolve with redshift. Our goal with AGEL is to spectroscopically confirm ∼100 strong gravitational lenses that can be observed from both hemispheres throughout the year. The AGEL survey is a resource for refining automated all-sky searches and addressing a range of questions in astrophysics and cosmology.
A Low-inclination Neutral Trans-Neptunian Object in an Extreme Orbit
Authors: Chen 陳 Ying-Tung 英同 , Eduardo Marielle R. , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Marco A. , Wang 王 Shiang-Yu 祥宇 , Lehner Matthew J. , Chang 章 Chan-Kao 展誥
Published: September 2022

We present photometric observations and numerical simulations of 2016 SD106, a low-inclination (i = 4.°8) extreme trans-Neptunian Object with a large semimajor axis (a = 350 au) and perihelion (q = 42.6 au). This object possesses a peculiar neutral color of g − r = 0.45 ± 0.05 and g − i = 0.72 ± 0.06, in comparison with other distant trans-Neptunian objects, all of which have moderate-red to ultra-red colors. A numerical integration based on orbital fitting on astrometric data covering eight years of arc confirms that 2016 SD106 is a metastable object without significant scattering evolution. Each of the clones survived at the end of the 1 Gyr simulation. However, very few neutral objects with inclinations <5° have been found in the outer solar system, even in the main Kuiper Belt. Furthermore, most mechanisms that lift perihelion distances are expected to produce a very low number of extreme objects with inclinations <5°. We thus explored the possibility that a hypothetical distant planet could increase the production of such objects. Our simulations show that no 2016 SD106–like orbits can be produced from three Kuiper Belt populations tested (i.e., plutinos, twotinos, and the Haumea Family) without the presence of a hypothetical planet, while a few similar orbits can be obtained with it; however, the presence of the additional planet produces a wide range of large semimajor-axis/large perihelion objects, in apparent contradiction with the observed scarcity of objects in those regions of phase space. Future studies may determine if there is a connection between the existence of a perihelion gap and a particular orbital configuration of a hypothetical distant planet.
Systematic Errors as a Source of Mass Discrepancy in Black Hole Microlensing Event OGLE-2011-BLG-0462
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Udalski Andrzej , Gould Andrew
Published: September 2022

Two independent groups reported the discovery of an isolated dark stellar remnant in the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 based on photometric ground-based observations coupled with astrometric measurements taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. These two analyses yielded discrepant mass measurements, with the first group reporting that the lensing object is a black hole of 7.1 ± 1.3 M
⊙ whereas the other concluded that the microlensing event was caused by either a neutron star or a low-mass black hole (1.6–4.4 M
⊙). Here, we scrutinize the available photometric and astrometric data and conclude that systematic errors are a cause of the discrepant measurements. We find that the lens is an isolated black hole with a mass of 7.88 ± 0.82 M
⊙ located at a distance of 1.49 ± 0.12 kpc. We also study the impact of blending on the accuracy of astrometric microlensing measurements. We find that low-level blending by source companions is a major, previously unrecognized, challenge to astrometric microlensing measurements of black hole masses.
Breakthrough Listen Search for the WOW! Signal*
Authors: Perez Karen I. , Farah Wael , Sheikh Sofia Z. , Croft Steve , Siemion Andrew , Pollak Alexander W. , Brzycki Bryan , Cruz Luigi F. , Czech Daniel , DeBoer David , Drew Jamie , Gajjar Vishal , Garrett Michael A. , Isaacson Howard , Lebofsky Matt , MacMahon David H. E. , Premnath Pranav H. , Pater Imke de , Price Danny C. , Schoultz Sarah , Wlodarczyk-Sroka Bart S. , Tarter Jill , Worden S. Pete
Published: September 2022

Caballero identified the star 2MASS 19281982-2640123 as a potential Sun-like star from which the WOW! signal could have originated. We conducted a search for artificial narrowband (2.79 Hz/1.91 Hz), drifting (±4 Hz s−1) technosignatures from this source using the turboSETI pipeline, from 1–2 GHz, using simultaneous multi-telescope observations with both the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope and the newly refurbished Allen Telescope Array on 2022 May 21. Both telescope observations had an overlap of 580 s. While blind searches using radio telescopes have been conducted in the general field of view in which the WOW! signal was first detected, this is the first time a targeted search has been done. No technosignature candidates were detected.
Abate application practices in the Guinea worm endemic region of Gambella, Ethiopia: identification of elimination gaps
Authors: Gindola Yamlak , Getahun Desalegn , Mohammed Khogali Ahmed , Kamau Edward Mberu , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Wossen Mesfin , Demissie Kassahun , Abdela Sintayehu , Gebrewold Gashaw , Hailu Girmay , Tegistu Mesfin , Okugn Akwoma , Gikilo Gnkikew
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Guinea worm disease is caused by Dracunculus medinensis. Transmission of the disease depends on vectors (copepods). Abate applications in targeted water sources to control copepod is the main intervention. The aim of this study was to assess vector control practice in the guinea worm endemic region of Gambela, Ethiopia and to identify elimination gaps.

Methodology: Retrospective analysis of routine program data recorded from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Pre-and post-copepod test is conducted on water ponds to determine the density of copepods. Based on the copepod density, the chemical is applied accordingly. The five years data was obtained from Ethiopian public health institute electronic database with permission.

Results: A total of 22,131 water ponds were treated during the past five years. Out of the total treated in 2020, 4,669/7,266 (64%) were found with > 9 Copepods during pre-copepod test. 130/7,266 (1.79%) of water ponds which were post-tested after Abate application failed the requirement of scoring ≤ 9 copepods. Of the 130 water ponds, 115 (88.5%) were observed during the transmission season (April to November). Abate application trend had increased by 28.9% during the 5 years period. According to the database, some of the largest water sources found in infection reporting villages missed their 28 days regular treatment schedule.

Conclusions: A single water source that has not been treated effectively could be a source of infection for both humans and animals. The practice of Abate application should be enhanced and monitored regularly. The documenting system should be improved for quality, timely information and action.
Clinical pattern and treatment outcome of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in two hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (2017-2021)
Authors: Tesfa Debas , Manaye Nigus , De Vries Henry JC , Van Griensven Johan , Enbiale Wendemagegn
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia is caused by a unique species, L. aethiopica. In Ethiopia, there are limited studies that provide detailed clinical descriptions of CL, treatment options, and treatment outcomes.

Methodology: We conducted a descriptive study based on routinely collected data in medical files from two hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from 2017 to 2021. Three months following the end of therapy, we retrieved sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as data on the treatment outcome.

Result: Between March 2017 and June 2021, 94 patients were diagnosed with CL at the two hospitals. Of those, 46 (48.9%) of individuals had localized CL, 36 (38.3%) mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and 12 (12.8%) diffuse CL. Sixty-five (69.1%) of the participants were men. The most prevalent morphologic appearances were plaque (n = 42, 46.2%), nodule (n = 38, 41.8%), infiltrative (n = 34, 36.2%), crusted (n = 32, 34%), and ulcerated (n = 24, 25.5%). Scarred, volcanic, and patchy lesions were also documented. Systemic pentavalent antimonials were the most common treatment (n = 55, 58.5%), curing 21/38 (55%) of the patients. Pentavalent antimonials were also given intralesionally to seventeen patients (18.1%), with 15/16 (94%) of them being cured. Overall, 61% (40/66) of patients with documented treatment outcomes were cured.

Conclusions: As CL in Ethiopia has a wide array of clinical presentations, clinicians should be suspicious of patients from endemic areas who present with dermatologic manifestations. Physicians can employ local treatment as a first line before resorting to systemic therapy.
Moving towards the end of the neglected in Ethiopia
Authors: Tasew Geremew
Published: September 2022

NA
Regularization of a final value problem for a linear and nonlinear biharmonic equation with observed data in $ L^{q} $ space
Authors: Nguyen Anh Tuan , Long Le Dinh , Kumar Devendra , Nguyen Van Thinh
Published: September 2022

In this work, we focus on the final value problem of an inverse problem for both linear and nonlinear biharmonic equations. The aim of this study is to provide a regularized method for the bi-harmonic equation, once the observed data are obtained at a terminal time in $ L^{q}(\Omega) $. We obtain an approximated solution using the Fourier series truncation method and the terminal input data in $ L^{q}(\Omega) $ for $ q \ne 2 $. In comparision with previous studies, the most highlight of this study is the error between the exact and regularized solutions to be estimated in $ L^{q}(\Omega) $; wherein an embedding between $ L^{q}(\Omega) $ and Hilbert scale spaces $ \mathcal{H}^{\rho}(\Omega) $ is applied.
Love and Discrimination
Authors: Lamphere Renee D. , Pomykacz Corey R.
Published: September 2022

One aspect of relationships that is of interest when examining the reproduction of social inequalities are those that are reproduced in online dating relationships. With advances in technology resulting in more people meeting online, there is an increased need to study online dating relationships to fully understand them. There is research that indicates that social inequalities such as ageism, racism, homophobia, and gender-based violence, among other issues, are occurring frequently in online dating relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to explore how discrimination permeates the online dating world, resulting in unique challenges for its users.
Derailed by the Mommy Track
Authors: Kiester Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

Women in the labor market have often faced wage penalties, hiring and promotion discrimination, and have been “mommy tracked” into occupations and/or industries deemed more appropriate for women trying to balance work and family obligations. This chapter explores an explanation for this continued workplace inequality in academia, with specific focus at the intersection of organizational policies and institutional expectations that do not align with these policies. In addition, academic mothers face an inequitable emotional labor expectation that exacerbates this inequality. It is through this intersectional lens that we can better understand the reproduction and maintenance of workplace inequalities facing mothers in institutions of higher education. The chapter concludes with solutions and recommendations for those seeking to keep mothers in academia employed, productive, and on the tenure track instead of the mommy track.
Inequalities Across Borders
Authors: Buice Melissa Camille
Published: September 2022

This chapter investigates major influences on continued inequality of people who are LGBTQIA refugees. Through a summary of multidisciplinary literature across fields related to sociology, social work, legal analysis, and mental health treatment, this piece envisions ways to incorporate policy analysis and political science perspectives, arguing for an integrated framework that improves upon existing policy analyses and refugee/asylum studies. The discussion revolves around ways that the U.S. government contributes to LGBTQIA inequality in the United States and abroad through domestic and foreign policies that overlook the widespread human costs of U.S. policy.
Health and Race in America at the Macro, Meso, and Micro Levels
Authors: Abel Karin M. , Reiter Elizabeth Miranda
Published: September 2022

In the United States, people of color are generally less healthy and live shorter lives than do Whites. The traditional explanation for these disparities is related to socioeconomic status (SES), in that poorer health and lower life expectancies are related to lower SES. But racial health disparities remain once SES factors are controlled for. This chapter examines other factors associated with race and health. It takes a multi-level approach at explaining some of the health disparities between people of different racial groups. Factors at various levels are linked to one another, but also have independent effects on the health of groups and individuals. This chapter is not an exhaustive explanation of all the influences that contribute to racial health disparities, but instead is an overview of some of the factors that impact racial health disparities at various levels in society.
Secure Medical Data Transmission Over Wireless Body Area Network Using Blockchain
Authors: Bedi Pradeep , Goyal S. B. , Kumar Jugnesh , Rajawat Anand Singh
Published: September 2022

With the application of wireless body area networks, patients can be remotely monitored by doctors. WBANs collect the medical data and transmit it over the internet for further processing. There is need to ensure security of such highly sensitive data over the network. This has deliberately attracted researcher interest to provide WBAN security by integrating blockchain. This chapter discusses internet of things (IoT) architecture of WBANs and proposes a lightweight secure access control using blockchain to achieve higher performance.
Children's Literature for Inclusive Education
Authors: Perdomo-López Carmen
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to find out the degree of training that future teachers have in dealing with diversity in the classroom using children's literature as a teaching resource. To this end, a comparative study has been carried out between two Specialisms taught in the Degree in Early Childhood Education in the Faculty of Education of the University of La Laguna (Tenerife): Specialism in Motivation to Reading and Specialism in Attention to Diversity. Semi-structured questionnaires have been used to carry out the comparative study of the answers of the students of both Specialisms to key dimensions, such as the knowledge; they have diversity in the classroom, as well as the use of children's literature as a resource to achieve a change in attitudes and educational progress of all the students. Finally, it has been concluded that the students do not have the knowledge, nor do they have the resources to take advantage, in their future professional experience, of the possibilities offered by children's literature as a cultural instrument for transmitting values and approaching reality.
Student Teachers' Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Diversity and Social Inclusion
Authors: Arvelo-Rosales Carmen Nuria
Published: September 2022

The aim of this chapter is to analyse the competencies for inclusion developed by students of the Degree in Primary Education. After an analysis of the general competencies taught in the degree, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes for inclusion of trainee teachers were analysed. To achieve these objectives, a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive research design was carried out. A total of 440 students on the degree course in Primary Education at the University of La Laguna (Spain) took part in the study. The data were collected with a questionnaire developed ad hoc based on the inclusive competency profile developed by the EADSNE project (2012). The results showed that there was positive development of the competencies included in the profile. Therefore, the students had developed the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to deal with diversity and become inclusive teachers.
Effect of Psychological Well-Being on Satisfaction With Life of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Dhingra Vaishali , Dhingra Manish , Bose Indranil
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 posed a serious challenge to the world, especially the healthcare workers. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it a pandemic on January 30, 2020 and raised a caution across the world. From China to Italy and Spain, it gradually engulfed the entire world in its fold. The worst affected was the United States. And then arrived the second wave. Studies were carried out covering different aspects of this pandemic. Slowly and gradually people, especially the healthcare workers, succumbed to psychological stress, and their satisfaction with life began to deteriorate. Their subjective happiness was adversely affected. This necessitated the conduct of more studies in the area. This chapter explores the effect of psychological well-being on satisfaction with life of the healthcare workers during COVID-19 and the moderating role of gender diversity.
An Index of Career Progression and the Inclusion of Women in the Chilean Workforce
Authors: Bosch Maria Jose , Riumallo Maria Paz
Published: September 2022

First, the Female Career and Labor Inclusion Index revealed, on average, a low score of 42.5 out of a total of 100. Second, both men and women perceived an environment that was not conducive to female inclusion in the workforce. However, men had a more positive view than women themselves, a trend that was accentuated in the case of people who work in larger companies (with more than 50 employees). Finally, the business sectors with the highest rates of inclusion were the financial sector, the food production sector, beverages and tobacco, consulting, and health.
The Role of Wireless Sensor Networks in Detecting and Predicting COVID-19 Using ML Algorithms
Authors: Kesavan Sujatha , N. P. G. Bhavani , D. Kirubakaran , N. Janaki , T. Kavitha , Cao Su-Qun
Published: September 2022

An embedded system is a specialized computer that is resource constrained to sense and controls its environment. Embedded systems usually consist of hardware and software. The most used hardware materials are processors, peripheral communication devices, actuators, sensors, power supplies, and memory storage. The application-specific algorithms, device drivers, and operating systems are typically used in software section. Normally there is a standard protocol to communicate the particular type of embedded system; for example, nodes in sensor networks are the specialized embedded systems for detecting COVID-19. Sensor nodes with wireless communication capabilities can form wireless sensor networks (WSN).
Privacy and Security Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sahoo Poonam , Saraf Pavan Kumar , Uchil Rashmi
Published: September 2022

The study's objective is to ascertain healthcare personnel's perspectives and experiences on information privacy and security during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the abundance of research on privacy and security issues, this study focuses on the elements that influence privacy concerns in volatile, unpredictable, complicated, and ambiguous situations, which in the current scenario might include the COVID-19 pandemic. Three levels of coding were applied to all interview transcripts using the qualitative technique. The pandemic of COVID-19 has raised various concerns about technology, data privacy, and protection. The study's objective is to find, extract, summarize, and evaluate trends in a list of privacy threats associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were healthcare practitioners who worked closely with COVID-19 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Digital Transformation in Organizations and Its Impact on Knowledge Management
Authors: Pereira Manuel Sousa , Cardoso António , Sá José Carlos , Magalhães Miguel , Faria Sílvia
Published: September 2022

This study aims to understand the relevance of digital transformation and its impact on organizations in Portugal. In this way, it is intended to evaluate the application of technologies, knowledge management, and incremental innovation in an organizational context. As a methodology, the authors intend to prepare a questionnaire in Google Docs, mainly using the Likert scale, which will be shared through LinkedIn. Having obtained 291 responses that will be analyzed in order to confirm or not the variables under analysis, this academic research intends to understand the explanatory factors of the impact of digital transformation and the contributions to the identification, contextualization, and importance for better knowledge management. The results proved to be relevant for the effective understanding of digital transformation in organizations in Portugal.
The Influence of Music on Online Advertising
Authors: Azevedo Pedro , Remondes Jorge , Teixeira Sandrina
Published: September 2022

The objective of this chapter is to understand how the use of a particular type of music may or may not capture the attention of the online user when viewing an ad and, perhaps, activate a click and an eventual conversion. An original advertisement was created to support this research and obtaining results through quantitative research in the form of an online questionnaire application. The way music can stimulate attention, memory, familiarity, the coherence of elements, rhythm, and personal tastes was analysed, as was understanding how these concepts interconnect with what the viewer visualises in an online advertising campaign. The ad was published on YouTube because in this social network there is only a short period of time of mandatory exposure of the ad to, consequently, lead to the conversion of the user to a landing page. It was concluded that the music of an online audiovisual campaign can induce the recipient's attention, confirming that the maximum optimization in an online advertising campaign occurs when the coherence of the music with the ad is prioritized.
An Examination of RFID Ethical Issues Supports the Need for Improved Business and Legal Strategies
Authors: Raineri Ellen Marie , Elias Reno Lori S. , Cho Pauline S. , Dignazio Gina M.
Published: September 2022

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an important and frequently utilized technology in our modern society. It gives its users the ability to capture, store, and access vast amounts of data with ease and efficiency. These abilities make RFID both an asset and a potential hazard. If used in the wrong hands, RFID could be appropriated for nefarious reasons such as data theft and invasion of privacy. Although RFID technology has been around for over 70 years, few laws directly address RFID or define illegal uses of it. Some of the ways that RFID is used in the following industries are thus explored: marketing, transportation, travel, shopping, supply chain management, agriculture, and hospitals. Some of the benefits, drawbacks, ethical concerns, and legal implications of using RFID technology are included, as well as recommendations for addressing ethical concerns.
Bending and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Pile on Elastic Foundation Using Rayleigh-Ritz Method
Authors: Khiloun Nair , Elmeiche Noureddine , Abbad Hichem , Mechab Ismail
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to carry out a parametric investigation on a pile made of different materials, and subjected to static and dynamic loading resulting from the weight of the structure and the shear force acting on the head of the pile. It is worth specifying that the pile is anchored in the ground on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation that is made up of five different layers. In this study, the equilibrium equations were treated using the high-order theory with a new shear deformation shape function of a cylindrical pile made of an isotropic material and a sandwich functionally graded material.The results obtained with a numerical study based on the minimization of energies by the Rayleigh-Ritz method was carried out in order to highlight the influence of the geometric ratio, the volume fraction of the functionally graded material, and the type of loading on the vibration frequencies and the admissible stresses in order to determine the most appropriate material for the pile so that extreme stresses can be absorbed. The precision and the applicability of the method with new solution of the transverse shear deformation are demonstrated through this study with modeling of the layered property of the soil, were then compared with those reported in previous work available in the literature. It turned out that these results are in good agreement with each other, for the different materials of pile and for all boundary conditions considered. The results of pile with sandwich functionally graded material, it is revealed that the role of this material has an influence on the type of loading, especially, in the case statique of a pile subjected to a compound bending weight and the shear effect, in case dynamique the pile with vibration flexible or rigid .
Characterization of CP-Ti Processed by Micro Arc Oxidation for Bone Implant Applications
Authors: Satyanarayana Chelamalasetti Pavan , Ratnaraju Lam , Raju Lam Suvarna , Dondapati Sreekanth , Dumpala Ravikumar , Buradagunta Ratna Sunil
Published: September 2022

Titanium and its alloys are potential candidates widely used to manufacture medical implants. In spite of possessing excellent properties suitable for a biomaterial, Ti suffers from lack of ability to bond with the local tissue termed as “bioactivity”. Several strategies have been adopted to increase the bioactivity of titanium for bone implant applications. Micro arc oxidation (MAO) is one of such promising surface treatments which produces an oxide layer on the surface of Ti which promote better tissue interactions at the surface Ti. Hence, in the present work, commercial pure Ti (CP-Ti) has been treated with MAO process and the produced surface was characterized to study the oxide layer developed on the Ti surface. X-Ray diffraction studies demonstrated the formation of TiO2 layer on the surface of CP-Ti. Scanning electron microscope images and EDS analysis confirms the porosity in the produced oxide layer which is favorable towards better cell interactions. The presence of considerable amount of phosphorous in the oxide layer which is form the electrolyte used during MAO process was also observed. The preliminary findings demonstrate the simple and effective way to produce porous oxide layer on Ti for biomedical applications.
Investigations on Wear and Friction Characteristics of AA-2024/MOS2/Al2O3 HMMCs
Authors: Srinivas Ch. Lakshmi , Praveen D. Vijay , Suresh Gamineni , Gowtham Ravuri , Siddu Ragala , Teja Bandi Ravi , Remalli Thambi Babu
Published: September 2022

Upgrading of reinforcements with suitable combinations in Aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites became a key area of research in the current manufacturing era. These advanced materials have enriched Properties like specific strength, wear resistance, and low thermal expansion. With these perceptions, the current research paper was focused on AA-2024/MoS2/Al2O3 HMMCs. Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was adopted to design the experiments. Hybrid composites containing MoS2 and Al2O3 reinforcements were fabricated by the stir casting method. The pin on disk tribometer was used for finding the wear rate and coefficient of friction of prepared composites by considering sliding speed, applied load, and sliding time as wear parameters. Further, the influence of wear parameters on Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction (COF) was presented. Consequently, the significance of the parameters on wear rate and COF are analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
One step nucleic acid ampliﬁcation (OSNA) for detection of lymph node metastasis during robotic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Argun Omer Burak , Mourmouris Panagiotis , Saglican Yesim , Doganca Tunkut , Tuna Mustafa Bilal , Kayhan Cavit Kerem , Yalcinkaya Ozge , Tufek Ilter , Kara Halil , Obek Can , Ince Umit , Tzelves Lazaros , Skolarikos Andreas , Kural Ali Riza
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The OSNA technique is based on reverse transcription loop-mediated DNA ampliﬁcation for the detection of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) messen-ger RNA (mRNA). The purpose of our paper, which represents the ﬁrst study in the literature, is to test the accuracy of this method in the detection of lymph node metastases in patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy with lymph node dis-section. Methods: Our cohort consisted of patients that have undergone robotic radical prostatectomy with extended lymph node dissec-tion. Lymph nodes were evaluated with imprint technique and then with frozen section examination. The remaining tissue was evaluated by OSNA method. Lymph nodes were deﬁned as ‘neg-ative’ or ‘positive’ according to mRNA copy number. Results: 7 patients and 25 lymph nodes were included in our cohort. Two patients were found negative with all pathology methods. In one patient the standard stains revealed a suspi-cious outcome but it was positive for micrometastasis with OSNA. In another patient the outcome was positive for standard stains and negative for OSNA. Finally, 2 patients were found positive for OSNA and negative for imprint methods. Conclusions: One Step Nucleic Acid Ampliﬁcation (OSNA) method using CK19 seems to fail in detection of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection.