bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal coherence harvesting from quantum vacuum
Authors: Wang Rui-Di , Wu Shu-Min , Huang Xiao-Li
Published: May 2024

It is well known that nonlocal coherence reflects nonclassical correlations better than quantum entanglement. Here, we analyze nonlocal coherence harvesting from the quantum vacuum to particle detectors adiabatically interacting with a quantum scalar field in Minkowski spacetime. We find that the harvesting-achievable separation range of nonlocal coherence is larger than that of quantum entanglement. As the energy gap grows sufficiently large, the detectors harvest less quantum coherence, while the detectors could extract more quantum entanglement from the vacuum state. Compared with the linear configuration and the scalene configuration, we should choose the model of equilateral triangle configuration to harvest tripartite coherence from the vacuum. Finally, we find a monogamous relationship, which means that tripartite l1-norm of coherence is essentially bipartite types.
Magnetic domain structures in ultrathin Bi2Te3/CrTe2 heterostructures
Authors: Xia 夏 Tirui 体瑞 , Yang 杨 Xiaotian 笑天 , Zhang 张 Yifan 逸凡 , Liu 刘 Xinqi 馨琪 , Cai 蔡 Xinyu 新雨 , Liu 刘 Chang 畅 , Yao 姚 Qi 岐 , Kou 寇 Xufeng 煦丰 , Wang 王 Wenbo 文波
Published: May 2024

Chromium tellurium compounds are important two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperature and chemical stability in air, which is promising for applications in spintronic devices. Here, high-quality spin–orbital-torque (SOT) device, Bi2Te3/CrTe2 heterostructure was epitaxially grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. Anomalous Hall measurements indicate the existence of strong ferromagnetism in this device with the CrTe2 thickness down to 10 nm. In order to investigate its micromagnetic structure, cryogenic magnetic force microscope (MFM) was utilized to measure the magnetic domain evolutions at various temperatures and magnetic fields. The virgin domain state of the device shows a worm-like magnetic domain structure with the size around 0.6 μm–0.8 μm. Larger irregular-shape magnetic domains (> 1 μm) can be induced and pinned, after the field is increased to coercive field and ramped back to low fields. The temperature-dependent MFM signals exhibit a nice mean-field-like ferromagnetic transition with Curie temperature around 201.5 K, indicating a robust ferromagnetic ordering. Such a device can be potentially implemented in future magnetic memory technology.
A Simple Fifth Order Digital Differential Analyzer for Circle Generation
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Jinyi , Qu Liguo , Wang Yang , Zhao Lijun
Published: May 2024

Digital differential analyzer(DDA) can be used to generate circles and can be treated as a one-step or two-step numerical scheme. DDA algorithms have been classified by the order of some polynomials. We present and discuss a novel fifth-order DDA circle generating algorithms based on the one-step numerical scheme. Numerical experiments show that they are more accurate than the third-order one-step DDA algorithm.
Evolutionary Tripartite Game Model in the Coal Mine Risk-Hazard Double Pre-Control and Management in China
Authors: Wang Zhie , Xu Jingde , Ma Jun
Published: May 2024

The classification, investigation, and management of the safety risk (namely, risk-hazard double pre-control management mechanism) in coal mines were introduced into a behavioral evolution game to assess the decision-making processes of coal mine workers, regulators, and supervisors. A tripartite game tree and a revenue perception matrix were constructed, and the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) achieved by the evolutionary system under different conditions was obtained according to the replication dynamic equation (RD). The numerical simulation of the evolution game was conducted in MATLAB, which verified the influence of various parameters on the behaviors adopted by all parties. The results show: (1) When the safety, regulatory, and supervisory costs are high, the average expected value of mine workers, regulators, and supervisors to choose safety behaviors is low, so they adopt an unsafe behavior. By contrast, reducing costs can encourage the adoption of safety behaviors. (2) When the punishment for accident losses caused by unsafe behavior and the lack of regulations and supervision is higher than 50% of the initial state, the actors in the tripartite game are more inclined to avoid risks when facing cost losses in the short term, which can lead them to choose a safety behavior. (3) When the actors in the tripartite game face different accident probabilities and accident loss, with the severity of the accident increasing to 80% of the initial state, mine workers and regulators gradually adopt safety and regulation behaviors, and supervisors quickly adopt supervision methods.
Determination of Replacement Cable Force of in-Service Suspension Bridge Based on Refined Modelling Approach
Authors: Mao Yan , Han Xu , Zhang Xinmin , Wei Sicong , Dong Zhenhua
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the replacement cable force of suspension bridge slings in service is systematically analyzed by adopting the coupling analysis model of internal force influence matrix and displacement influence matrix. The sling replacement project of an existing bridge serves as the basis for considering the technical condition and stress state of slings and other components comprehensively. Key control indexes, such as internal force, offset, linear or adjacent cable force change, are defined according to vehicle traffic requirements and structural safety considerations. Refined finite element numerical calculation is employed to determine the target cable force applied to the replacement sling, while analyzing changes in key control indexes of relevant components and structures during adjustment. The target cable force of the replacement sling is adjusted and determined based on a comparison with the target demand index. Compared with the traditional influence matrix method, the double matrix method also has the advantage that it does not need to select the initial adjustment cable force, which avoids the problem that the convergence result may not be obtained, and aims to provide a basis for the subsequent calculation of cable force replacement when the suspension bridge is in service.
Static Load and Seismic Finite Element Analysis of DN1000 Large-Diameter Three-Pipe Gantry Hanger
Authors: Dai Haowen , Pan Yingbo , Wang Hehui , Tang Yi , Pan Jian , Zhu Jieke
Published: May 2024

Taking DN1000 large-diameter three-pipe and its gantry hanger as the research object, the finite element model was established by using beam element and solid element. The static load and seismic performance analysis of DN1000 three-pipe gantry hanger is carried out based on the spectral analysis function module of ANSYS software. The strength and stiffness of the hanger were seismically evaluated according to ASME AG-1 code. The results show that the use of H-beam steel (HW250) as the column and beam of the hanger meets the requirements of the seismic calibration, with a strength safety margin of more than 50% and a stiffness safety margin of more than 80%. Under the combination of static load and seismic load, the strength and stiffness also meet the requirements. This method has certain reference value for the seismic design and evaluation of the integrated hanger for large-diameter electromechanical pipelines.
New microfocus source based on a betatron for hard X-rays imaging
Authors: Rychkov M.M. , Kaplin V.V. , Smolyanskiy V.A.
Published: May 2024

The paper reports experimental results demonstrating some properties of microfocus radiation generated in narrow internal silicon (Si) and tantalum (Ta) targets of the B-18 betatron with electron energy of 18 MeV. The targets were 50-μm- and 8-μm-thick Si crystals and a 13-μm-thick Ta foil oriented with a goniometer along the inner electron beam. The results showed strong dependence of the radiation beam shape on the orientation of the target relative to the electron beam, and on the target material. The resolution and contrast dependences of the Duplex IQI standard wire pair images on the position of the pairs in the radiation beam and on the target material are shown. The obtained results revealed the role of absorption and refraction of radiation in generation of magnified images of plastic and metal plate edges. Radiation generated in the Ta target showed high detection sensitivity for narrow gaps and thin inclusions in steel thickness.
Quasi-coherent radiation from a train of electron bunches inside a waveguide partially filled with dielectric
Authors: Khachatryan H.F. , Grigoryan L.Sh. , Kotanjyan V.Kh. , Grigoryan M.L. , Harutyunyan H.P. , Markosyan J.P. , Margaryan G.V. , Saharian A.A.
Published: May 2024

We investigate the quasi-coherent radiation from a train of electron bunches moving along the axis of a cylindrical waveguide, assuming that a part of the waveguide is filled with a dielectric medium. For the permittivity of the latter, the general case of dispersion is considered. It is shown that under certain conditions on the permittivity of the medium and on the values of the problem parameters, the waveguide modes become equidistant. As a consequence, quasi-coherent Cherenkov radiation from the train of bunches may be generated on the first several waveguide modes simultaneously. An example of dispersion law is provided for which the corresponding Cherenkov radiation is suppressed.
Electric field lines of charged particle in a helical undulator
Authors: Aginian M.A. , Arutunian S.G. , Lazareva E.G. , Chung M.
Published: May 2024

One of the devices for generating circularly polarized radiation is a helical undulator in which a relativistic charged particle moves along a helical trajectory. In this paper, the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field produced by such a particle is analyzed using electric field lines. The equations of electric field lines, which, due to the presence of curvature and torsion in the trajectory are precisely solved. A special algorithm for erasing invisible parts of the lines has been developed to represent the lines in space. Several remarkable features of the field picture are revealed, in particular, the hard component of the radiation is concentrated in the plane orthogonal to the undulator axis and passing through the position of the particle at the current moment of time.
Pixel detector hybridisation and integration with anisotropic conductive adhesives
Authors: Volker Alexander , Schmidt Janis Viktor , Dannheim Dominik , Svihra Peter , Vicente Barreto Pinto Mateus , de Oliveira Rui , Braach Justus , Yang Xiao , Ruat Marie , Magalhaes Débora , Centis Vignali Matteo , Calderini Giovanni , Kristiansen Helge
Published: May 2024

A reliable and cost-effective interconnect technology is required for the development of
hybrid pixel detectors. The interconnect technology needs to be adapted for the pitch and die
sizes of the respective applications. This contribution presents recent results of a newly
developed in-house single-die interconnection process based on Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives
(ACA). The ACA interconnect technology replaces solder bumps with conductive micro-particles
embedded in an epoxy layer applied as either film or paste. The electro-mechanical connection
between the sensor and ASIC is achieved via thermocompression of the ACA using a flip-chip device
bonder. The ACA technology can also be used for ASIC-PCB/FPC integration, replacing wire bonding
or large-pitch solder bumping techniques. A specific pixel-pad topology is required to enable the
connection via micro-particles and create cavities into which excess epoxy can flow. This
pixel-pad topology is achieved with an in-house Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG)
process. The ENIG and ACA processes are qualified with a variety of different ASICs, sensors, and
dedicated interconnect test structures, with pad diameters ranging from 12 μm to 140 μm
and pitches between 20 μm and 1.3 mm. The produced assemblies are characterized electrically,
with radioactive-source exposures, and in tests with high-momentum particle beams. This
contribution introduces the developed interconnect and plating processes and showcases different
hybrid assemblies produced and tested with the above-mentioned methods. A focus is placed on
recent optimization of the plating and interconnect processes, resulting in an improved plating
uniformity and interconnect yield.
Design of high-light-collection-efficiency optical fiber for germanium detectors immersed in liquid argon
Authors: Yan Yulu , Zhang Lei , Liu Yu , Lin Shin-Ted , Zhu Jingjun , Liu Shukui , Fang Changhao , Tang Changjian , Xing Haoyang
Published: May 2024

The implementation of Slicon Photon-Multipliers (SiPMs) wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers light response system in liquid argon (LAr) is a promising technology for suppressing background in rare event experiments. Moreover, it is particularly relevant for experiments that utilize high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors directly operated in LAr, such as the direct detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. In this work, we exhibit a designed WLS fiber for the LAr detector, verify the feasibility of the manufacturing technology, and simulation research about its light collection performance. The novel fiber incorporates two materials, styrene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB). The pre-experiments proved that the fiber has good WLS and light-conducting properties for ultraviolet light. In addition, the effect of different light collection methods on detection efficiency was assessed by Geant4 simulation. Our results show that adding optical fibers can significantly increase light collection efficiency. Compared with the design of TPB coating with commercial fiber, the new structure of WLS fiber can improve the light collection efficiency by 50%. The simulation results indicate that the new fiber structure can enhance the light collection efficiency of the LAr detection system, thereby improving the anti-coincidence system's performance in rare event experiments.
A proposal for a fast infrared bursts detector
Authors: Drago Alessandro , Bini Simone , Cestelli Guidi Mariangela , Marcelli Augusto , Bocci Valerio , Pace Emanuele
Published: May 2024

The gravitational wave GW170817 from a binary neutron star merger and the simultaneous electromagnetic detection of the GRB170717A by Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, opened a new era in the multi-messenger astronomy. Furthermore, the GRBs (Gamma-Ray Bursts) and the mysterious FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) have sparked interest in the development of new detectors and telescopes dedicated to the time-domain astronomy across the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-domain astronomy aims to acquire fast astronomical bursts in temporal range between a few seconds down to 1 ns. Fast InfraRed Bursts (FIRB's) have been relatively understudied, often due to the lack of appropriate tools for observation and analysis. In this scientific scenario, the present contribution proposes a new detection system for ground-based reflecting telescopes working in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range to search for astronomical FIRB's. Experience developed in the diagnostics for lepton circular accelerators can be used to design temporal devices for astronomy. Longitudinal diagnostic instruments acquire bunch-by-bunch particle shifts in the direction of flight, that is equivalent to temporal. Transverse device integrates the beam signal in the horizontal and vertical coordinates, as standard telescopes. The proposed instrument aims to work in temporal mode. Feasibility study tests have been carried out at SINBAD, the infrared beam line of DAFNE, the e+e- collider of INFN. SINBAD releases pulsed infrared synchrotron light with 2.7 ns separation. The front-end detector system has been evaluated to detect temporal fast infrared signals with 2–12 μm wavelengths and 1 ns rise times. The present contribute aims to be a step toward a feasibility study report.
A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors
Authors: Dai Heng , Yang Hngchao , Tang Hui , Deng Chao , Xie Bo , Tuo Xianguo , Jiang Gang , Wang Qibiao
Published: May 2024

SiPM-coupled Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) detectors are widely used for detecting neutrons and gamma rays in mixed radiation environments. Intensities and energies are obtained from the output pulses of the detector, including normal and anomalous pulses. Since anomalous pulses can negatively affect measurement accuracy, this study designs a pulse selection algorithm to improve them. This algorithm calculates the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of an output pulse in a particular time window and categorizes it as normal or anomalous. The algorithm also uses the difference in ratio value between neutrons and gamma rays for pulse shape discrimination. In an experiment using a SiPM-coupled CLYC detector, 200,000 sets of pulses were obtained for 137Cs and Am-Be sources. The results indicate that this method can reject more than 94.2% of anomalous pulses, improving the energy resolution of 137Cs source from 8.9% @ 662 keV to 8.4% @ 662 keV. The figure-of-merit (FOM) of pulse shape discrimination is 1.23 for the Am-Be source, and this method can select specific pulse types based on the pulse-ratio value. In addition, the method is suitable for all pulse-mode detectors.
Approximating accelerator impedances with resonator networks
Authors: Vaughn Brian J.
Published: May 2024

It is common in the accelerator community to use the
impedance of accelerator components to describe wake interactions in
the frequency domain. However, it is often desirable to understand
such wake interactions in the time domain in a general manner for
excitations that are not necessarily Gaussian in nature. The
conventional method for doing this involves taking the inverse
Fourier Transform of the component impedance, obtaining the Green's
Function, and then convolving it with the desired excitation
distribution. This method can prove numerically cumbersome, for a
convolution integral must be evaluated for each individual point in
time when the wake function is desired. An alternative to this
method would be to compute the wake function analytically, which
would sidestep the need for repetitive integration. Only a handful
of cases, however, are simple enough for this method to be
tenable. One of these cases is the case where the component in
question is an RLC resonator, which has a closed-form analytical
wake function solution. This means that a component which can be
represented in terms of resonators can leverage this solution. As it
happens, common network synthesis techniques may be used to map
arbitrary impedance profiles to RLC resonator networks in a manner
the accelerator community has yet to take advantage of. In this
work, we will use Foster Canonical Resonator Networks and partial
derivative descent optimization to develop a technique for
synthesizing resonator networks that well approximate the impedances
of real-world accelerator components. We will link this synthesis to
the closed-form resonator wake function solution, giving rise to a
powerful workflow that may be used to streamline beam dynamics
simulations.
Loading rutin on surfaces by the layer-by-layer assembly technique to improve the oxidation resistance and osteogenesis of titanium implants in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Wu Yinsheng , Wang Yong , Chen Fengyan , Wang Bingzhang
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to construct a rutin-controlled release system on the surface of Ti substrates and investigate its effects on osteogenesis and osseointegration on the surface of implants. The base layer, polyethylenimine (PEI), was immobilised on a titanium substrate. Then, hyaluronic acid (HA)/chitosan (CS)-rutin (RT) multilayer films were assembled on the PEI using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technology. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements to examine all Ti samples. The drug release test of rutin was also carried out to detect the slow-release performance. The osteogenic abilities of the samples were evaluated by experiments on an osteoporosis rat model and MC3T3-E1 cells. The results (SEM, FTIR and contact angle measurements) all confirmed that the PEI substrate layer and HA/CS-RT multilayer film were effectively immobilised on titanium. The drug release test revealed that a rutin controlled release mechanism had been successfully established. Furthermore, the in vitro data revealed that osteoblasts on the coated titanium matrix had greater adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capacity than the osteoblasts on the pure titanium surface. When MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro, cell-based tests revealed great tolerance and increased osteogenic potential on HA/CS-RT substrates. We also found that the HA/CS-RT coating significantly increased the new bone mass around the implant. The LBL-deposited HA/CS-RT multilayer coating on the titanium base surface established an excellent rutin-controlled release system, which significantly improved osseointegration and promoted osteogenesis under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting a new implant therapy strategy for patients with osteoporosis.
Robust antibacterial activity of rare-earth ions on planktonic and biofilm bacteria
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Luo Wei , Deng Hui , Hu Xuefeng , Zhang Jieyu , Wang Yunbing
Published: May 2024

Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health, with emerging antibiotic resistance, necessitating the development of new antibacterial agents. Cu2+ and Ag+ are widely recognized antibacterial agents with a low propensity for inducing bacterial resistance; however, their considerable cytotoxicity constrains their clinical applications. Rare-earth ions, owing to their unique electronic layer structure, hold promise as promising alternatives. However, their antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility relative to conventional antibacterial agents remain underexplored, and the variations in activity across different rare-earth ions remain unclear. Here, we systematically evaluate the antibacterial activity of five rare-earth ions (Yb3+, Gd3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, and La3+) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, benchmarked against well-established antibacterial agents (Cu2+, Ag+) and the antibiotic norfloxacin. Cytotoxicity is also assessed via live/dead staining of fibroblasts after 24 h rare-earth ion exposure. Our findings reveal that rare-earth ions require higher concentrations to match the antibacterial effects of traditional agents but offer the advantage of significantly lower cytotoxicity. In particular, Gd3+ demonstrates potent bactericidal efficacy against both planktonic and biofilm bacteria, while maintaining the lowest cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Moreover, the tested rare-earth ions also exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This study provides a critical empirical framework to guide the selection of rare-earth ions for biomedical applications, offering a strategic direction for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Air pollution from biomass burning in India
Authors: Tripathi Sachchida N , Yadav Shweta , Sharma Konika
Published: May 2024

Air pollution is the most difficult challenge India is facing today, and anthropogenic biomass burning (ABB) is one of the major and least understood sources, leading to serious health and climate implications by affecting air quality, visibility, atmospheric chemistry, the Earth’s radiation budget and biogeochemical cycling. Scientific understanding of the composition, chemistry and regional dynamics of biomass burning (BB) emissions is still limited, thus constraining the implementation of appropriate research and policy interventions. The broad categories, associated complex emissions and spatio-temporal variations of ABB in India are discussed here. Major types of ABB that are prevalent year-round all over India include BB for cooking, heating purposes and open waste burning. Moreover, crop residue burning (CRB) in the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) during pre- (April–May) and post-monsoon (October–November) seasons, CRB in South India during January–February, forest fires in Central India and slash-and-burn agriculture in Northeast India during March–May are the other dominant sources that are active during specific months and in specific regions. Over the IGP, CRB along with other episodic ABB events and stagnant meteorology result in severe air quality and poor visibility (<∼300 m) with reported daily mean PM2.5 concentrations shooting up to 15 times higher than Central Pollution Control Board standards. When compared with wheat residue burning, higher fire counts and emissions are reported during paddy residue burning events. During winters, BB’s contribution to 37% of the aerosol oxidative potential in Delhi indicates its health implications. Meta-analysis of data obtained from representative source apportionment studies on PM10 shows >24% BB contribution in Assam, Ahmedabad, Kanpur and Visakhapatnam, 20%–24% in Patiala and Kolkata, and 10%–14% in Delhi. With regard to PM2.5, BB contributions of >24% in Ahmedabad and Agra, and 15%–19% in Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata are reported, while with regard to PM1, BB contributed 19%–24% in Kanpur, Patiala and Assam and <10% in Delhi. Observed spatio-temporal variations in ABB sources and composition over India call for region-specific solutions through airshed-based management.
Emergent constraints on the future East Asian winter surface air temperature changes
Authors: Liu Anqi , Xue Daokai , Chen Xiaolong , Huang Danqing
Published: May 2024

In East Asia, the climate variability in boreal winter is dominated by the East Asian winter monsoon, one of the most energetic monsoon systems that can lead to disasters. The key variable, the East Asian winter surface air temperature (SAT), has significantly changed over the past century and has substantially impacted agriculture, ecosystems, economics, and public health. However, its projections are limited by considerable uncertainties. Here, we identify the first leading mode that explains almost 29.6% of the inter-model spread in future SAT change. Our research delves into the evolution of present-day biases under future scenarios and their consequential impact on the SAT. Models with stronger western currents’ heat transport in the North Pacific exhibit a warmer North Pacific at mid-latitudes during historical periods. Additionally, these models consistently demonstrate stronger western currents in the future, contributing to the amplified warming of the western North Pacific, thereby warming Eurasia via the weakened trough and subtropical jet through barotropic responses to the warm North Pacific. Incorporating observational sea surface temperature constraints reduces uncertainties by 9.40%, revealing a more reliable SAT change pattern by the end of the 21st century.
Infinite derivatives vs integral operators. The Moeller-Zwiebach puzzle
Authors: Heredia Carlos , Llosa Josep
Published: May 2024

We study the relationship between integral and infinite-derivative operators. In particular, we examine the operator

p

1
2

∂
t
2

that appears in the theory of p-adic string fields, as well as the Moyal product that arises in non-commutative theories. We also attempt to clarify the apparent paradox presented by Moeller and Zwiebach, which highlights the discrepancy between them.
Moderately dense granular gas of inelastic rough spheres
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M
Published: May 2024

A kinetic theory for moderately dense gases of inelastic and rough spherical molecules is developed from the Enskog equation where a macroscopic state is characterised by 29 scalar fields which correspond to the moments of the distribution function: mass density, hydrodynamic velocity, pressure tensor, absolute temperature, translational and rotational heat fluxes, hydrodynamic angular velocity and angular velocity flux. The balance equations for the 29 scalar fields are obtained from a transfer equation derived from the Enskog equation where the kinetic and potential parts of the new moments of the distribution function and production terms are calculated from Grad’s distribution function for the basic fields. The transition from the 29 field theory to an eight field theory—with mass density, hydrodynamic velocity, absolute temperature and hydrodynamic angular velocity—leads to the determination of the transport coefficients of the Navier–Stokes and Fourier laws. The transport coefficients are functions of the normal and tangential restitution coefficients and of the local equilibrium radial distribution function. The transport coefficients in the limiting case of elastic rough spheres is also determined.
Reference equations for exhaled nitric oxide—what is needed?
Authors: Högman Marieann
Published: May 2024

Standardisation is the road to improvement! If we all measure exhaled nitric oxide (NO) the same way, we will be successful in having data to make reference questions. Many research groups have published their reference equation, but most differ considerably. About 25 years ago, using the flow of 50 ml s−1 was recommended and not using a nose clip. When collecting data worldwide, we still see publications that do not indicate what flow was used and that nose clip was utilised. Three things are needed: the analysing method, a flow recording and a filled-in nitric oxide questionnaire. The analysing method is because the techniques have different sensitivity, response times and calibration. The flow of 50 ml s−1 is on the steep part of the NO output curve; therefore, we need to record the flow to analyse repeated measurements or compare results. The NO questionnaire controls individual factors that may influence the NO measurements, i.e. food intake, smoking and upper airway infection. An important tool in following old and new disease treatments, at home or in health care, is exhaled biomarkers. If we follow the standardisation we have agreed upon, we will be able to have data to say what a high or a low exhaled NO value is.
Mapping the Suitability of Milkfish Ponds in Sidoarjo District Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Slamet A H H , Dhandy R , Brillyantina S , Wulandari S A , Asmunir  , Mutmainah D N , Ubaidillah W
Published: May 2024

Milkfish is one of the potential fishery products in Sidoarjo Regency. Sidoarjo District, one of the subdistricts in Sidoarjo Regency, has significant potential for milkfish development due to its 3271.96 ha of land area. Pond suitability analysis is a crucial aspect of supporting the success of milkfish cultivation. Land suitability can be analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research involved two phases: data collection and analysis. The data parameters collected are temperature, pH, DO, phosphate, and salinity. The data analysis employed overlay and scoring methods. The final scoring results were categorized into four classes, including classes S1 (Very Suitable), S2 (Quite Suitable), S3 (Conditionally Suitable), and N (Not Appropriate). Based on analysis of Landsat image data, the pond area in Sidoarjo District reached 2991.03 Ha. The final scoring results showed that the pond area in the S1 category was 1,816.53 Ha (60.73%), then the S2 category was 1174.50 ha (39.29%). Referring to the calculation of the percentage of pond suitability, most of the ponds in Sidoarjo District are very suitable for cultivating milkfish.
Design and performance test of a fluidized bed dryer using dry cold air flow for drying marungga leaves
Authors: Djamila S , Bahariawan A , Warsito H , Nuruddin M , Iswahyono
Published: May 2024

The Marungga tree is a plant that offers numerous benefits. Its leaves can be processed into flour for further processing for various needs. Marungga leaves need to be dried before they can be made into flour. Marungga leaves are sensitive to heat, so high temperature drying should be avoided. Drying in the sun, or at room temperature takes a long time and is unhygienic. To address these issues, a fluidized bed dryer that utilises dry, cold air flow through dehumidification of the air is required. This research aims to design and test the performance of a fluidized bed dryer that uses dry cold air flow. The method used in the research starts from literature study, design, component manufacturing, assembly and performance testing of the dryer. The design results resulted in specifications of the dryer components as follows: dimensions of the drying chamber 500 mm in diameter and 800 mm in height, evaporator, condenser, compressor, blower each 1 HP. The results of the dryer performance test are as follows: dryer air temperature 34.2 °C, relative humidity 54.3%, and dryer air mass rate 0.25 kg/s, with a drying rate of 0.57 kgH2O/s. The evaporator of the cooling system can decrease the absolute humidity of the drying air by 1.6 kgH2O/kg dry air.
In vitro growth of different chrysanthemum cultivars on murashige and skoog medium modified with some organic additives
Authors: Firgiyanto R , Rohman F , Sjamsijah N , Prasetyo H , Siswadi E
Published: May 2024

Mass in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum plants requires large amounts of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. In order to increase efficiency of MS media usage, the addition of organic materials and the selection of cultivars need to be studied. This study aimed to obtain the best modified MS media and cultivars for in vitro propagation of chrysanthemums. This research was conducted from July to September 2023 at tissue culture laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Jember. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the chrysanthemum cultivars, i.e. Naweswari Agrihort and Suciono Agrihort. The second factor was the modified MS media, i.e. MS, ½MS + 50 g/l banana, ½MS + 50 ml/l coconut water and ½MS + 50 g/l sweet potato. Each combination of treatments was thrice repeated. Observation variables were plant height, time of shoot emergence, the number of shoots and the number of leaves. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA and DMRT. The best modified media was ½MS + 50 g/l sweet potato that showed significantly higher plant compared to other treatments. The addition of the tested organic materials could reduce MS media usage by 50%.
Phytohormone and amino acid content in golden apple snail (Pomaceae canaliculata L.) extract which fermented at several effective microorganism 4 (EM4) concentrations
Authors: Asmono S L , Rahmawati  , Arifiana N B , Suharjono
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the phytohormone and amino acid content of golden apple snail (GAS) extract fermented using several concentrations of EM 4 Active. GAS were taken from rice fields in Tegalgede Village, Jember. Analysis of phytohormone and amino acid content using LCMS at Bioscience laboratory, Politeknik Negeri Jember. EM4 was activated for 7 days using 5% sugar with distilled water as a solvent. The active EM4 results were taken in several concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% and fermented in GAS extract for 14 days. This research was designed using CRD non-factorial design, consisting of 6 Active EM4 concentrations and repeated 4 times. The results of the research showed that there was the phytohormone IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) with the highest concentration of 0.838% in GAS extract fermented using 25% active EM4, while fermentation without EM4 (0%) contained only 0.641% IAA. Other analysis results showed that 12 types of amino acids were detected, namely arginine, tyrosine, alanine, cysteine, glutamic acid, methionine, glycine, leucine-isoleucine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine and valine. The analysis results showed that the 0% (control) treatment had a higher average amino acid value than fermentation using EM4.
Identification and Potential of Secondary Metabolism of Weeds as Bio Herbicides in Environmentally Friendly Citrus Cultivation
Authors: Nugroho S A , Salim A , Jumiatun
Published: May 2024

Production of oranges in Indonesia increased from 1.78 million tons to 2.16 million tons in 2014. In 2016, Indonesia imported 2,212 tons of oranges. Weed plants caused a decline in orange production, leading to a decrease in harvest yields by 61%. The research aimed to identify weed species and the potential secondary metabolism of dominant weeds on orange plants. The research method utilized weed vegetation analysis, focusing on the Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR). The treatments with kirinyuh extract (P0) were as follows: (Control); P1: 20%; P2: 40%; P3: 60%; P4: 80%. Observation parameters included phytotoxicity, wet weight, and dry weight. The research results revealed 10 families, 25 species, and 400 weed individuals. Weeds with the highest SDR value were of the Oldenlandia corymbose type, with a Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) of 7.28%, and the second-highest SDR value was Euphorbia hirta weed with 7.22%. The lowest was the Richardia brasiliensis weed with an SDR value of 0.633%. Phytotoxicity on kirinyuh leaf plants was highest in P4 with a concentration of 80g/l at 47.33. Wet weight and dry weight influenced P4 concentration, with an 80g/l concentration most inhibiting the growth of kirinyuh leaves. Laboratory analysis of flavonoid, total phenolic, and tannin content showed that Euphorbia hirta weed had higher levels compared to Oldenlandia corymbose weed.
The effect of EM-4 dosage in fermentation on the quality of soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed ingredient to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business
Authors: Hasanah N , Haryuni N , Wahyono N D
Published: May 2024

The increasing consumption of soy milk, especially in European countries, has an impact on high soy milk production. This causes increasing the waste and it will have an impact on environmental pollution. This research aims to obtain the best dose of EM-4 in fermented soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business. This research was conducted with laboratory experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD). This research used 5 levels of EM-4 (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10%) and each treatment was repeated 4 times. Statistical analysis showed that the EM-4 level was very significant (p<0.01) in increasing the quality of texture, moisture content, temperature, sugar and crude protein; reduce crude fiber; and significantly (p<0.05) improved SMW color. The average SMW texture score ranges from 1.00-3.00; moisture content (12.75-15.10%); temperature (27.68-29.33°C); sugar concentration (0.00-5.00%); crude protein (13.66-18.68%), crude fiber (5.07-9.67) and color score (2.50-3.75). It was concluded that fermentation using EM-4 as an inoculum could improve the quality of soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business. The best quality of SMW was obtained in fermentation with an EM4 level of 7.5%
Nutritional composition of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) as a candidate yogurt sweetener
Authors: Utami M M D , Dewi A C , Hertamawati R T , Hariono B , Zhuo J , Yong T
Published: May 2024

Yogurt is a dairy product considered a healthy food due to its nutritional and health benefits. To add flavor to the yogurt, sucrose is added, which causes an increase in calories and makes it unsafe for diabetics. Monk fruit is the fruit of the Chinese plant Luo Han Guo (Siraitia grosvenorii). Monk fruit is known for its sweet flavor. This study aimed to determine the nutritional compounds of monk fruit. This study will focus on characterizing the biochemical composition of monk fruit with the objects of peel (T1), flesh (T2), and whole fruit (T3). Each object consists of 6 replications with parameters: water content (%), ash (%), fat (%), protein (%), carbohydrate (%), and the percentage of total sugar (%). The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The Duncan test was followed when performing the multiple comparisons. The results obtained showed nonsignificant differences (P>0.05) in total sugar (%). The flesh contains the least water and ash (P<0.05) compared to the peel and whole fruit; the peel contains the lowest protein and the highest carbohydrate (P<0.05), the whole fruit contains the lowest fat; but total sugar (%) is the highest compared to the peel and flesh (P>0.05). Based on the nutritional composition of this study, it is recommended that the best part of monk fruit as a candidate natural sweetener for yogurt is the flesh. Although total sugar (%) was not significantly different from other monk fruit parts, the flesh had the highest protein (P<0.05) and the lowest fat (P<0.05), which is equivalent to low calories. The flesh of monk fruit as a low-calorie sugar alternative can be used in functional foods that have many health benefits, so it is a great candidate for yogurt sweetener.
Effect of hydrolysed carrageenan as sugar replacement on physicochemical properties of pineapple jam (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Afianka V , Lo D , Tedjakusuma F
Published: May 2024

Pineapple is one of tropical fruits that is easily perishes due to high moisture content. Further processed into low-moisture food such as jam is needed to extend its shelf life. Jam has a high sugar content and if consumed in the long term could increase blood sugar levels leads to diabetic disease. Carrageenan is one of the hydrocolloids that can be used as a sugar substitute because it can bind to free water, increase shelf life, and cannot be hydrolysed into simple sugar by the gastrointestinal tract. However, carrageenan needs to be modified by the hydrolysis of acid using hydrochloric acid to break down the polysaccharide structure into simpler sugar structures. The aim of the study is to determine the physicochemical properties of hydrolysed carrageenan and the effects of the application of hydrolysed carrageenan as a sugar substitute in pineapple jam. The carrageenan that used were hydrolysed by 0.01 M and 0.02 M of HCl for 24 and 48 h. Results showed that the higher concentrations of HCl used and the length of hydrolysis significantly increased the yield, viscosity, reducing sugar, and spreadability and decreasing the color intensity. It also showed that the texture and spreadability of the jam that has been substituted with hydrolysed carrageenan will increase with increasing HCl concentration and hydrolysis time.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Authentication of Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds
Authors: Subositi D , Joice  , Mursyanti E , Widiyastuti Y
Published: May 2024

Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa), which belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, is a popular medicinal herb with commercial value. This plant is sold as a raw material or herbal product in Indonesia for several purposes. On the other hand, Chorcorus sp. is known as a potential species for N. sativa adulteration due to its similar seed morphology and shared vernacular names. The authentication of Jintan Hitam using an effective and efficient technique is important for detecting adulteration. This research aimed to evaluate macroscopic and microscopic parameters for Jintan Hitam authentication sold in traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The sampling was conducted in 3 main traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The samples were collected from 3 traders in each market. Macroscopic and microscopic authentication was carried out with the naked eye and a stereomicroscope as diagnostic tools to examine the characteristics of seeds. The main macroscopic characteristics used as diagnostics were seed morphology, colour, size, smell, and taste, while the microscopic characteristics were testa, endosperm, and oil globules. The result showed that Jintan Hitam adulteration was detected in the main traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta using macroscopic and microscopic parameters. The percentage of adulteration in Surakarta (55.5%) was higher than in Yogyakarta (44.4%). In sum, the macroscopic and microscopic parameters can detect adulteration and are effective for Jintan Hitam authentication.
Characterization of physical attributes of cassava chips in different frying conditions
Authors: Khairunnisa N , Firmansyah R A , Hidayat K
Published: May 2024

Krepek tette is a variety of casava-based chips. However, the process production is quite different with cassava chips. After peeling, cassava is steamed, flattened, and dried. As one of the culinary signatures of Pamekasan, good quality keripek tette must be guaranteed by the Industry. Crispeness is the most essential factor in assessing the quality of this product. Therefore, this study aims to characterize product quality attributes such as moisture content, thickness expansion, porosity, and color products in different temperatures and frying times. The frying process used the deep frying method. The experiment was designed using two factors, and each experiment used three levels: temperature (150, 160, 170°C) and frying time (40, 50, 60 s). The result showed a higher temperature and frying time, and the moisture content of the product was lower. The thickness expansion increases in line with the temperature rising. However, it decreases with longer frying time. In addition, porosity increases linearly with temperature and frying time. The appearance of the product slightly changes. Before frying, the color of the product is yellowish, and after that, it turns slightly brownish. The result is the potential to develop an evaluation of crispiness quantitatively.
Consumption of oatmeal and diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review
Authors: Megumi E H , Surya R
Published: May 2024

Oats have gained popularity as a diabetes-friendly option due to their rich soluble dietary fiber and the presence of bioactive β-glucan. These elements contribute to lowering postprandial glucose, enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating glycemic control, and managing blood lipids. However, recent studies have highlighted that consumption of oatmeal could be related to an increase in blood level sugar. Opting for low-GI foods over conventional or high-GI choices has a modest yet clinically meaningful impact on mid-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Milling and cooking practices seem to induce substantial alterations in the digestibility of starch in oat products. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to summarize the effects of different oatmeal products on blood sugar, particularly in diabetes mellitus patients. PRISMA guidelines were used as the method to find suitable sources for this systematic review from several scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Proquest, and EBSCOhost. The keywords used to identify the relevant studies were oat, oatmeal, diabetes, glycemic index. The initial search in the databases yielded 18 articles. This review reveals that types and different processing technologies applied to oat could lead to a various glycemic index of oatmeal.
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaves improves the safety and quality of fermented shrimp paste
Authors: Surya R , Megumi E H , Nugroho D , Tedjakusuma F , Rombot O
Published: May 2024

Terasi is a traditional fermented shrimp paste popularly consumed in Indonesia. Despite its widespread popularity and distinctive flavor, terasi consumption should be approached with caution due to the presence of harmful compounds linked to its degradation and declining quality. These compounds, including allergenic histamine and potentially carcinogenic acrylamide, form during the fermentation of terasi as a result of various chemical reactions and microbial activities. The objective of the current research was to enhance the safety and quality of shrimp paste by introducing Moringa oleifera leaves, locally known as daun kelor, that are rich in antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. The supplementation of M. oleifera leaves (5%(w/w) and 10%(w/w)) significantly reduced microbial growth, lipid peroxidation, as well as the formation of histamine and acrylamide in terasi fermented for 30 days. Moreover, the inclusion of M. oleifera leaves did not alter the sensory acceptance of terasi. Consequently, this study suggests that M. oleifera leaves have the potential to serve as an adjunct ingredient, enhancing both the safety and overall quality of terasi.