bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Supporting Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Fe3C Co-Decorated Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as Li2S Supporter for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Na , Xue Jiarui , Ji Yuanxiao , Zhang Jiyuan , Zhang Weiye , He Xuexia , Li Qi , lei zhibin , Liu Zonghuai , Sun Jie
Published: February 2025

Lithium Sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted great attention in recent years due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg-1) and specific capacity (1675 mAh g-1), abundant reserves and...
Diastereoselective assembly of dispiro-cyclopentene-linked bisoxindoles via annulation involving isatylidene malononitriles and benzylamines
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ahmadi Mahmoud , Ravaghi Parisa , Mohsenzadeh Ramin
Published: February 2025

Highly diastereoselective construction of the dispiro-bisoxindole skeleton by forming 5 new bonds and two new rings.
Magnetotransport properties of a single-atom-thick GdPb3 kagome compound on Si(111)
Authors: Denisov Nikita V , Bondarenko Leonid , Vekovshinin Yuri E , Mihalyuk Alexey Nikolaevich , Eremeev Sergey , Gruznev D. V. , Zotov Andrey , Saranin A. A.
Published: February 2025

Synthesis of the low-dimensional magnetic materials and control of their properties are demanding tasks for nanotechnology and material research. We report on the resistance and magnetoresistance measurements of the single-atomic-layer...
Structural diversity in 1D hydrogen-bonded chains assembled through bis(triazole) self-association
Authors: Smith Jordan N. , White Nicholas G.
Published: February 2025

We show that phenyl-bis(triazole) groups dimerise in solution. A ditopic receptor containing two phenyl-bis(triazole) motifs predictably self-associates through C–H⋯N hydrogen bonding to give crystalline tape structures.
Determining Optimal Talker Variability for Nonnative Speech Training: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Cheng Bing , Zou Yu , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This meta-analysis study aimed to determine the optimal level of talker variability in training to maximize second-language speech learning.

Method:

We conducted a systematic search for studies comparing different levels of talker variability in nonnative speech training, published through July 2024. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was implemented to estimate relative effect sizes of different talker variability training conditions and rank these conditions by their posterior probabilities using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values.

Results:

A total of 32 studies involving 998 participants were analyzed to compare six training conditions based on the number of talkers. Using a no-training control condition as the reference and excluding the outlier, the random-effects model showed that training with six talkers was most effective (SUCRA = 94%, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.09, 95% CrI [1.30, 2.89]), exhibiting moderate between-study heterogeneity (posterior median
SD
= 0.60, 95% CrI [0.39, 0.90]). However, when considering both the format of talker presentation and training exposure, the conditions with four talkers presented in blocks across training sessions (SUCRA = 77%, SMD = 1.47, 95% CrI [0.92, 2.10]), two talkers intermixed during sessions (SUCRA = 75%, SMD = 1.65, 95% CrI [0.24, 3.03]), and six talkers intermixed (SUCRA = 72%, SMD = 1.38, 95% CrI [0.97, 1.79]), all showed similarly high effectiveness with only minor differences.

Conclusions:

This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis demonstrate for the first time that optimizing talker variability in nonnative speech training requires a careful balance between the number of talkers and the presentation format. The findings suggest that a moderate level of talker variability is most effective for improving second-language speech training outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28319345
A Power‐Efficient Current‐Mode ASK Demodulator for Passive RFID Transponders
Authors: Yousefi Somayeh , Jalali Mohsen
Published: February 2025

An ultra‐low power fully integrated CMOS current‐mode amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator for radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders is presented. The proposed ASK demodulator performs signal shaping and amplification in the current domain to achieve higher power efficiency. Owing to a DC elimination technique, the employed current amplifier only amplifies the AC content of the envelope signal resulting in a significant reduction of power consumption. A feedforward correction method is also introduced to match the baseline of the amplified envelope signal with the threshold level of the output buffer, preserving the uniformity of data symbols. The proposed ASK demodulator is implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process consuming about 5.4 µW. A modulation index of 4% and a data rate of 800 Kbps is supported by the proposed demodulator which fully complies with international standards for passive RF communication.
A multiscale and multilevel fusion network based on ResNet and MobileFaceNet for facial expression recognition
Authors: Ding Jiao , Zhang Tianfei , Yang Li , Hu Tianhan
Published: February 2025

There are complex correlations between facial expression and facial landmarks in facial images. The facial landmarks detection technology is more mature than the facial expression recognition methods. Considering this, in order to better address the problem of interclass similarity and intraclass discrepancy in facial expressions recognition (FER), facial landmarks are used to supervise the learning of facial expression features in our work, and a multiscale and multilevel fusion network based on ResNet and MobileFaceNet (MMFRM) is proposed for FER. Specifically, the authors designed a triple CBAM feature fusion module (TCFFM) that characterises the correlation between facial expression and facial landmarks to better guide the learning of expression features. Furthermore, the proposed loss function of removing facial residual features (RFLoss) can suppress facial features and highlight expression features. We extensively validate our proposed MMFRM on two public facial expression datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method.
Deep‐learning‐based vehicle trajectory prediction: A review
Authors: Yin Chenhui , Cecotti Marco , Auger Daniel J. , Fotouhi Abbas , Jiang Haobin
Published: February 2025

Vehicle trajectory prediction enables autonomous vehicles to better reason about fast‐changing driving scenarios and thus perform well‐informed decision‐making tasks. Among different prediction approaches, deep learning‐based (DL‐based) methodologies stand out because of their capabilities to efficiently summarise historical data, infer nonlinear behavioural patterns from human driving data, and perform long‐horizon prediction. This work reviews the DL‐based methods that have shown promising results, organising them in terms of usage of the input data, separating the encodings of the target vehicle's historical data, surrounding vehicle's historical data, and road layout data. In particular, this paper explores the relationships between the scope of the prediction components and the input data formats, as well as the connections with other elements in the same prediction framework, including vehicle interaction and road scene mining. This information is crucial to understand complex architectural decisions and to provide guidance for the design of improved solutions. This work also compares the performance of the most successful prediction models, establishing that appropriate encodings of vehicle interactions and road scenes improve trajectory prediction accuracy, with the best performance achieved by attention mechanism and Transformer‐based models. Finally, this work discusses future research directions, including considerations for real‐time applications.
Self‐balancing 20 Hz current comparator
Authors: Wang Xue , Li He , Liu Hao , Xu Minrui , Yao Teng , Xiong Bo
Published: February 2025

The low‐frequency transformer is a key measurement equipment for low‐frequency transmission engineering; the accuracy level of the low‐frequency transformer is generally difficult to be better than 0.05% due to the influence of core depth saturation at low frequency. Explore low‐frequency current proportional converters with higher accuracy, such as zero‐flux current transformers or compensated current comparators, because the current proportional standards of the above principles all work in the state of zero magnetic flux of the iron core, which is less affected by frequency and can be used to trace the value of low‐frequency current proportional value. In view of this, a self‐balancing low‐frequency current comparator was developed to compensate the excitation current of the iron core by using electronic circuits. In this paper, the basic principle of this low‐frequency self‐balancing current comparator is expounded, its error performance is analysed theoretically, and the error calibration test is carried out. On the surface of the test results, the accuracy of the low‐frequency self‐balancing current comparator meets the requirements of class 0.001, which can be used for the traceability of the measurement value of low‐frequency current.
Capacitary inradius and Poincaré-Sobolev inequalities
Authors: Bozzola Francesco , Brasco Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

We prove a two-sided estimate on the sharp $L^p$ Poincar\'e constant of a general open set, in terms of a capacitary variant of its inradius.
This extends a result by Maz'ya and Shubin, originally devised for the case $p=2$, in the subconformal regime.
We cover the whole range of $p$, by allowing in particular the extremal cases $p=1$ (Cheeger's constant) and $p=N$ (conformal case), as well. We also discuss the more general case of the sharp Poincar\'e-Sobolev embedding constants and get an analogous result. Finally, we present a brief discussion on the superconformal case, as well as some examples and counter-examples.
Optimizing multilevel decentralized problems with a novel application of Gabasov's adaptive method: highlighting applications in COVID-19 vaccine distribution
Authors: Kaci Mustapha
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel algorithm for solving multilevel monoobjective decentralized linear programming problems (ML-MO-DLPPs). Our approach represents a refined adaptation of Sinha and Sinha's linear programming method, enhanced by the development of an interval reduction map, which dynamically refines the decision variable intervals based on the influence of decisions made at preceding levels. Each stage of the algorithm's construction is thoroughly analyzed. The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated through a comprehensive numerical example, highlighting its practical applicability to resource management problems. Particular emphasis is placed on its application to vaccination planning in long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the optimization of resource allocation with a strong focus on the equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
Hämodialyse bei älteren Erwachsenen – Warum sollten die Ziele anders sein?
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: February 2025

Die Zahl der älteren Erkrankten (> 75 Jahre) nimmt weiter zu. Die Hämodialyse (HD) ist eine etablierte Behandlung, die nach nationalen und internationalen klinischen Leitlinien zur optimalen Therapie erfolgt. Diese Leitlinien basieren auf einer weniger komorbiden Dialysepopulation, sodass ein individueller Ansatz für die Dialyseverordnung und den Gefäßzugang zu diskutieren sind. Eine verbliebene Nierenrestfunktion, ein geringeres Durstempfinden sowie ein reduzierter Appetit (mit drohender Mangelernährung) und eine geringe Muskelmasse oder körperliche Aktivität stehen bei den älteren Betroffenen im Vordergrund.
Knochenfunde in Berlin und der Bezug zum Zweiten
Weltkrieg
Authors: Windgassen Marc , Oesterhelweg Lars
Published: February 2025

Die Beurteilung von Knochenfunden gehört zu den üblichen Aufgaben der
Rechtsmedizin und bietet Überschneidungen zu anderen Fachdisziplinen wie
Archäologie, Geschichte und Anthropologie. Je nach Lage eines Instituts
unterscheidet sich das zu untersuchende Fallgut erheblich und erlaubt mitunter
spannende Einblicke in die Vergangenheit und die lokale Geschichte. In Berlin
werden weiterhin regelmäßig Knochenfunde aus dem Kontext des Zweiten Weltkriegs
geborgen. Wir wollen hierzu einen Überblick über die Gründe, die Fallzahlen
sowie die Bearbeitung geben und den prominenten Fall des Martin Bormann im
Detail darstellen.
Differences in the outcome of cancer-associated thrombosis depending on cancer type
Authors: Lecumberri Ramón , Marcos María , Hermida Jose , RUIZ-ARTACHO PEDRO
Published: February 2025

The outcome of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is worse than in patient without cancer, with higher risk of recurrences, bleeding and death. However, these risks appear to vary depending on the cancer type. While in some tumors the risk of recurrences outweighs the risk of bleeding, in others the risk of major bleeding during the anticoagulation markedly exceeds the risk of a recurrent event. Balancing these risks could be helpful to tailor the management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and improve outcomes. In this article, published data from recent randomized clinical trials (RCT) as well as from some large registries that have reported separated outcomes of CAT depending on cancer type were reviewed. A careful balance of the risk of recurrences and major bleeding events could provide useful insights for clinicians for individualizing treatment strategies in order to improve the outcomes of CAT, as well as for the design of future clinical trials.
Evaluating Access and Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Srinivas Shruthi , Driesbach Sarah , Su Madeline , Bahhur Aymin , Thomas Elizabeth , Trimble Casey , Zahora Pooja , Bergus Katherine , Gasior Alessandra C , Halaweish Ihab , Wood Richard J
Published: February 2025

Background
In patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD), pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is recommended for persistent incontinence or constipation refractory to other treatment, but there are no studies on utilization of PFPT. We aimed to assess clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with successful establishment with PFPT and outcomes following PFPT.
Methods
We performed a single-institution, retrospective chart review of patients with HD referred to PFPT between 2020 – 2023, involving both exercise and biofeedback. Data were collected on clinical factors, sociodemographics, and symptoms before and after PFPT. Those who “saw PFPT”, defined as at least one in-person appointment, were compared to those who did not see PFPT; symptomst were also compared. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
There were 83 patients, of which 37 (44.6%) saw PFPT. There were no differences in age, transition zone, prior interventions, or symptoms. Half of patients who saw PFPT only completed an initial visit; one fifth completed the series. Most common reason for failure to see PFPT was scheduling issues. Patients who failed to see PFPT had financial stressors (42.5% vs 16.1%, p=0.02) and required formal support systems (28.2% vs 3.3%, p=0.02). In patients seeing PFPT, incontinence significantly improved (81.1% before vs 40.5% after, p=0.001).
Conclusion
While PFPT is recommended in children with HD, those with financial stressors or scheduling issues may have barriers to access. However, those who see PFPT have improved symptoms. This suggests a need for improved accessibility of pediatric PFPT to children with HD, such as integration of PFPT into colorectal clinics.
Anterior Shoulder Instability: Pre- and Postoperative Imaging
Authors: Symanski John S. , Cooley Monica , Stoeckl Elizabeth M. , Grogan Brian F. , McKean Lucas , Markhardt B. Keegan
Published: February 2025

Treatment algorithms for anterior glenohumeral instability are evolving. Identification of soft tissue injuries remains important because stand-alone labrum and ligament repairs are a mainstay of primary intervention. Increasingly recognized is the importance of bone lesions, particularly the synergistic effects of bipolar bone loss in the glenoid track model. Accordingly, reporting and measurement of bone lesions is crucial to treatment planning, especially in patients with a failed Bankart repair. This review covers (1) anatomy related to anterior shoulder instability, (2) preoperative imaging assessment of soft tissue injuries, (3) postoperative imaging assessment of soft tissue injuries, (4) imaging techniques for soft tissue injuries, (5) preoperative imaging of bone injuries, and (6) postoperative imaging of bone injuries.
Postoperative Imaging of the Ankle: Ligament and Tendon Reconstruction
Authors: Merkle Alexander N. , Moon Daniel K. , Selan Jocelyn N. , Lowry Mary K. Jesse
Published: February 2025

Tendon and ligament disorders are common indications for ankle surgery. Numerous surgeries and related modifications, ranging from simple repairs and debridement to complex reconstructions with tendon transfers or graft, are available. Knowledge of postoperative imaging appearances of common ankle surgeries is critical to identify complications and aid assessment of clinical treatment failure. This comprehensive review article discusses the surgical indications, techniques, imaging appearances, and complications—specifically those related to minimally invasive or arthroscopic surgery—for various ankle and foot conditions. It includes anatomical (Brostrom type) and nonanatomical lateral ligament repairs for ankle instability. Medial compartment procedures are described, such as peroneal tendon and retinacular repairs, as well as treatments for progressive collapsing flatfoot deformity, formerly known as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction or acquired flatfoot deformity. We also examine posterior compartment procedures, focusing on Achilles tendon repairs. Primary imaging modalities covered are magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and radiographs, including expected postoperative appearances and the usefulness of each modality.
Core Muscle Injuries: Preoperative Imaging and Postoperative Considerations
Authors: Couillard Sherri , Adler Blaire , Meyers William C. , Zoga Adam C. , Poor Alexander E. , Kamel Sarah I.
Published: February 2025

Core muscle injuries constitute a significant source of pain and functional impairment among elite athletes. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics centered at the pubic bone joint is necessary to interpret imaging findings. Dedicated athletic pubalgia magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in accurately diagnosing and assessing injuries affecting the pubic plate and associated muscular attachments. Preoperative findings can include harness muscle injury, pubic plate detachment, and/or osteitis pubis. Various surgical approaches are used for core muscle repair, requiring close collaboration with the referring surgeon during the interpretation of postoperative MRI. Although postoperative MRI can indicate healing progress, its primary usefulness lies in detecting new or exacerbated tears that may signify potential reinjury or surgical complications.
A eficácia do protocolo hexagonal humanizado na cirurgia plástica: Revisão de estudos e impactos na satisfação do paciente
Authors: Giannini Neto Renato , Kataoka Alexandre , Mendes Camila Cristina Silva , Lello Nikole Guimarães Soares , Salomé Jade , Pérez Maria de Lima Vilas , Cordeiro Laís Calvacante Alves , Lage Renato Rocha
Published: February 2025

Introdução A assistência humanizada na cirurgia plástica tem se tornado cada vez mais rara, o que pode levar à insatisfação do paciente e a problemas futuros, especialmente se distúrbios de personalidade não forem identificados previamente. A integração da mídia e a evolução da cirurgia plástica destacam a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para melhorar os resultados e a experiência do paciente.

Objetivo Revisar estudos recentes sobre o impacto da equipe multidisciplinar humanizada na cirurgia plástica, discutir as contribuições de cada especialidade e avaliar a eficácia do protocolo hexagonal humanizado, com destaque para os benefícios dele na prática clínica.

Materiais e Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em bases de dados acadêmicas como PubMed, Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP), Scopus e Google Scholar. Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 que abordassem a importância da equipe multidisciplinar na cirurgia plástica, focando nos resultados clínicos e na satisfação do paciente. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos em inglês que relatassem resultados clínicos e satisfação do paciente.

Discussão A colaboração entre especialidades como psicologia, nutrição, cardiologia, endocrinologia e anestesiologia resulta em uma abordagem holística e personalizada que melhora os resultados clínicos, reduz as complicações e promove uma recuperação mais satisfatória. A integração dessas especialidades permite uma avaliação completa do paciente, o que reduz a probabilidade de insatisfação e judicialização.

Conclusão A adoção de uma equipe multidisciplinar humanizada, especialmente por meio do protocolo hexagonal humanizado, leva a melhoras significativas nos resultados clínicos, satisfação do paciente e redução da judicialização. Esta abordagem holística proporciona uma atenção mais completa e segura, que beneficia tanto pacientes quanto profissionais de saúde.
Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: Role of a Multidisciplinary Team
Authors: Covey Anne M. , Schattner Mark
Published: February 2025

Malignant bile duct obstruction (MBDO) can occur in patients with both primary liver cancers and metastatic disease and can be a cause of significant morbidity. Laboratory abnormalities or symptoms often prompt decompression to lower bilirubin for chemotherapy, treat cholangitis, and divert bile to treat a leak or alleviate pruritus. Intervention may also be undertaken to perform biopsy or provide access to intraductal therapies such as brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, or radiofrequency ablation. There are multiple ways to achieve biliary decompression including percutaneous procedures performed by interventional radiologists, endoscopic procedures performed by advanced endoscopists, and biliary bypass performed by hepatobiliary surgeons. Which approach is undertaken depends on several factors including the performance status, life expectancy, level of obstruction, anatomy, and patient preference. Every intervention has inherent risks as well as potential benefits, and a review of these complex patients by a multidisciplinary team ensures all options are considered. Finally, some cases require the technique and expertise of more than one specialty to achieve the desired outcome. This article highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team in dealing with MBDOs.
Ácido tranexâmico na incidência de hematoma na cirurgia de explante mamário
Authors: Miranda Ricardo Eustachio de
Published: February 2025

Introdução Procedimentos cirúrgicos estão sujeitos a diversas complicações no pós-operatório, sendo o hematoma um dos mais frequentes. Cirurgias que apresentam dissecção ampla, como as capsulectomias totais intactas, estão mais sujeitas a sangramentos. Diversas medicações têm sido utilizadas na diminuição dos hematomas, como o ácido tranexâmico. Não há na literatura médica artigos analisando a relação do ácido tranexâmico na incidência de hematomas nas cirurgias de capsulectomia total intacta.

Método Estudo retrospectivo em que foi levantado dados de prontuário para determinar a incidência de hematoma nas cirurgias de capsulectomia total intacta em dois grupos de pacientes. As pacientes foram submetidas a capsulectomia total intacta com ou sem mastopexia, não foi realizado nova inclusão de implante mamário. Um grupo de 140 pacientes recebeu ácido tranexâmico intravenoso e tópico durante a cirurgia e outro grupo de 140 pacientes não recebeu a medicação. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2022 e dezembro de 2023 e submetidos à análise estatística.

Resultados Os grupos foram considerados comparáveis e com distribuição normal. Foi verificado uma significância estatística do uso do ácido tranexâmico na diminuição de incidência de hematoma com valor de p = 0,004. Existe significância estatística para o tamanho do implante, a média ficou em 350ml para os casos com hematoma contra 291ml no grupo sem hematoma (valor de p = 0,020). Não houve associação ou p < 0,05 para as demais variáveis estudadas.

Conclusões O uso tópico e intravenoso de ácido tranexâmico reduz a incidência de hematoma no pós-operatório de cirurgias que envolvem capsulectomia total intacta em pacientes com implante mamário.
Tratamento de mama tuberosa: Uma nova perspectiva fotoquímica
Authors: Centurion Patricio , Cavenago-Arce Alexandro Carlo , Cavenago-Arce Edoardo Angello , Montenegro Cynthia
Published: February 2025

Introdução A mama tuberosa é uma anomalia congênita com apresentações variadas que sempre foi um verdadeiro desafio para os cirurgiões plásticos. Por isso propomos a utilização da técnica One Selective Tissue Engineering Photostimulation (STEP), que atua diretamente na desnaturalização dos septos fibrosos, liberando o sulco inframamário permitindo a criação da bolsa subglandular.

Materiais e Métodos Trata-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo que incluiu 15 pacientes do autor sênior que foram tratados com a técnica One STEP no período de 2017 a 2020. Sedação e anestesia local foram utilizadas em todos os casos. O Sistema de Meara/Kolker foi utilizado para classificar a deformidade tuberosa da mama em todas as pacientes. Nosso protocolo proposto é baseado na onda da luz infravermelha de 1.210 nm, que possui propriedades fotoquímicas

Resultados Entre 2017 e 2020, 15 pacientes do sexo feminino com mama tuberosa foram tratadas com a técnica One STEP apresentando resultados atraumáticos, com menos sangramento, retração da herniação areolomamilar e do complexo aréolo-papilar (CAP), e permitindo a colocação de um implante mamário subglandular com resultado satisfatório para as pacientes.

Conclusão Existem diferentes técnicas para tratar a mama tuberosa, mas elas nem sempre alcançam o mesmo resultado em classificações distintas. Em nosso estudo, as pacientes com mama tuberosa foram tratadas da mesma forma com a técnica One STEP independemente da classificação com correção em um estágio, obtendo resultados satisfatórios em todos os casos. A técnica One STEP apresentou excelentes resultados no tratamento de pacientes com mama tuberosa, com menor trauma, menor sangramento, menor edema e melhor tempo de recuperação pósoperatória.
Key influencers in an aneurysmal thrombosis model: A sensitivity analysis and validation study
Authors: Liu Qiongyao , Lassila Toni , Lin Fengming , MacRaild Michael , Patankar Tufail , Islim Fathallah , Song Shuang , Xu Huanming , Chen Xiang , Taylor Zeike A. , Sarrami-Foroushani Ali , Frangi Alejandro F.
Published: February 2025

Thrombosis is a biological response closely related to intracranial aneurysms, and the formation of thrombi inside the aneurysm is an important determinant of outcome after endovascular therapy. As the regulation of thrombosis is immensely complicated and the mechanisms governing thrombus formation are not fully understood, mathematical and computational modeling has been increasingly used to gain insight into thrombosis over the last 30 years. To have a robust computational thrombosis model for possible clinical use in the future, it is essential to assess the model's reliability through comprehensive sensitivity analysis of model parameters and validation studies based on clinical information of real patients. Here, we conduct a global sensitivity analysis on a previously developed thrombosis model, utilizing thrombus composition, the flow-induced platelet index, and the bound platelet concentration as output metrics. These metrics are selected for their relevance to thrombus stability. The flow-induced platelet index quantifies the effect of blood flow on the transport of platelets to and from the site of thrombus formation and thus on the final platelet content of the formed thrombus. The sensitivity analysis of the thrombus composition indicates that the concentration of resting platelets most influences the final thrombus composition. Then, for the first time, we validate the thrombosis model based on a real patient case using patient-specific resting platelet concentration and two previously calibrated trigger thresholds for thrombosis initiation. We show that our thrombosis model is capable of predicting thrombus formation both before and after endovascular treatment.
Exploring the role of synaptic plasticity in the frequency-dependent complexity domain
Authors: Pallares Di Nunzio Monserrat , Martín Tenti Juan , Arlego Marcelo , Rosso Osvaldo A. , Montani Fernando
Published: February 2025

The involvement of the neocortex in memory processes depends on neuronal plasticity, the ability to restructure inter-neuronal connections, which is essential for learning and long-term memory. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for advancing early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders such as Parkinson’s, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease. This study explores a neuronal model with expanded populations, using information-theoretic cues to uncover dynamics underlying plasticity. By employing Bandt–Pompe’s entropy-complexity (H×C) and Fisher entropy-information (H×F) planes, hidden patterns in neuronal activity are revealed. These methodologies are particularly suitable for analyzing nonlinear dynamics and causal relationships in time series. In addition, the Hénon map is applied to capture nonlinear behaviors, such as neural firing, highlighting the trade-off between stability and unpredictability in neural networks. Our approach integrates local field potential and intracranial electroencephalograms’ data in multiple frequency bands, connecting computational models with experimental evidence. By addressing higher-order interactions, such as action potential triplets, this work advances the understanding of synaptic adjustments and their implications for neuronal complexity and cognitive disorders.
Decision confidence estimation and electroencephalogram features analysis based on animal recognition task
Authors: Li Li , Jiang Yibi , Zan Peng , Yue Jingwei , Li Chunyong
Published: February 2025

Human–computer collaboration serves as a high-quality method to achieve optimal decisions in the workplace. However, there are relatively few existing papers that focus on how to effectively aggregate the viewpoints of different individuals. Contemporary research suggests that decision confidence bears a positive correlation with decision accuracy, thereby indicating that it can serve as a weighting parameter for aggregating viewpoints. This paper endeavors to quantitatively estimate decision confidence through the application of electroencephalogram (EEG). In this paper, we designed an animal recognition task to measure different decision confidence levels. The success of the task design was demonstrated by the comparison result of behavioral data and EEG at different confidence levels. In addition, then a neural network called channel attention based thinker-invariant DenseNet was proposed to predict confidence levels, with an average accuracy of 77.84%, higher than the results of existing models. Moreover, the regions of the brain associated with decision confidence, found by visualizing the channel attention module of our model, are consistent with existing studies.
Modulation of electron precipitation regulated by electron injection: PIC simulations
Authors: Kong Zhenyu , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Lei Wentian , Wang Xueyi , Ma Jiuqi , Ke Yangguang , Ren Junyi
Published: February 2025

It is widely accepted that repetitive chorus waves are responsible for the internal modulation of pulsating auroras. Recent studies have indicated that the repetitive nature of chorus waves stems from continuous electron injection. By employing a one-dimensional general curvilinear plasma simulation code, we introduce periodic electron injection into the simulation system. This generates repetitive rising-tone chorus waves, subsequently resulting in periodic electron precipitation, which potentially contributes to the formation of pulsating auroras. There is a distinct one-to-one correlation between each chorus element and the prompt electron precipitation. Moreover, we find that such electron precipitations are primarily driven by nonlinear interactions with chorus elements via nonlinear interactions, specifically phase bunching. Our work suggests that electron injection can modulate the electron precipitation by controlling the repetition period of chorus waves, thereby potentially influencing the period of internal modulation of pulsating auroras.
Finite ion temperature effects on electrostatic instabilities in partially magnetized plasmas
Authors: Denig A. C. , Hara K.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the effects of warm ions on electrostatic, kinetic instabilities observed in partially magnetized plasmas, such as the electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) and modified two-stream instability (MTSI), are investigated. The kinetic dispersion relation that accounts for warm, non-magnetized ions and warm, magnetized electrons is solved using a complex root-finding technique [A. C. Denig and K. Hara, Phys. Plasmas 30, 032108 (2023)]. It is observed that finite ion temperature introduces ion Landau damping effects, decreasing the growth rate of most unstable modes. The high-frequency, short-wavelength ECDI modes are more strongly affected by ion Landau damping than the low-frequency, long-wavelength MTSI modes. The solutions of the kinetic dispersion relation for MTSI are compared with the fluid dispersion relation of MTSI, which was originally proposed by McBride et al. [Phys. Fluids 15 2367–2383 (1972)]. The differences in the dispersion characteristics between the kinetic and fluid MTSI limits are assessed, illustrating the effects of electron and ion Landau damping on kinetic instabilities in partially magnetized plasmas.
Numerical investigation of positive and negative streamers in CO2/O2 mixtures
Authors: Nisar Hafiz Muhammad Tahir , Abbas Muhammad Farasat , Sun Guang Yu
Published: February 2025

SF6 is commonly used as gaseous insulation media in high voltage equipment, but it has high global warming potential and urgently needs to be replaced with eco-friendly alternatives. CO2-based mixtures have shown promising results as SF6 alternatives. Streamers that form the initial phase of electrical breakdown have become important for the reliable design of high-voltage equipment based on gaseous insulation. In this paper, the influence of concentration ratio (90% CO2/10% O2, 80% CO2/20% O2, and 70% CO2/30% O2), applied voltage (±8 kV, ±10 kV, and ±12 kV), pressure (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 bars), and gap distance (4, 4.5, and 5 mm) on positive and negative streamer formation and propagation is investigated in detail using a 2D axis-symmetric simulation model. Considering the low probability in gas mixtures with higher concentrations of CO2, photoionization is excluded, and background ionization is used for generating free electrons along with the Townsend ionization equation and the Gaussian approximation for the initial electron density distribution. The simulation results show that by increasing the O2 concentration in CO2, the electron density, electric field, and streamer velocity increase under positive and negative polarities. The σ (collision cross section) value of O2 is greater than CO2 at the specific ionization energy, indicating that O2 molecules in a gas mixture have a higher reactivity and a lower molecular stability. The negative streamer has an overall high electron density as compared to the positive streamer. To understand the effect of applied voltage, pressure, and gap distance, only 80% CO2/20% O2 concentration ratio was chosen. By increasing the applied voltage, the electron density, electric field, and streamer velocity increase. Furthermore, a decreasing trend of electron density, electric field, and streamer velocity was observed by increasing the gas pressure and the electrode distance.
Scaling law for defining the relativistic shift of the high field side electron cyclotron emission diagnostics on the tokamak device
Authors: Yu X. , Shi Z. B. , Chen W. , Jiang M. , Yu G. Y. , Zhu Y. L.
Published: February 2025

Our previous work [X. Yu et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 083518 (2022)] demonstrated that high field side (HFS) electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics can effectively measure electron temperature (T) information in the harmonic overlap region, where the electron distribution follows a Maxwellian. However, this requires relativistic shift corrections, which can be provided by simulation codes. Using a synthetic ECE code, we performed a statistical analysis to examine the relationship between relativistic shifts and plasma parameters, including T, electron density (n), magnetic field (B), and major radius (R0). For the first time, we proposed a scaling law for the relativistic shift in HFS ECE diagnostics, enabling direct calculation of these shifts from diagnostic data. Simulation results from both HL-3 (Huan Liu Qi-3) and ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) plasmas showed that this scaling law agrees well with simulated relativistic shifts (DR), even under varying pedestal heights. Furthermore, applying this scaling law, we demonstrated that it can provide results nearly identical to the preset T, even at the right-hand cutoff in high densities ITER plasmas. Finally, qualitative simulations suggest that HFS ECE can accurately localize the position of the neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs). The introduction of this scaling law represents a significant advancement in the practical application of HFS ECE diagnostics for measuring T profiles. It is expected to enhance the capabilities of ECE in high-β, high-density plasma scenarios.
A boundary-assimilation Fourier neural operator for predicting initial fields of flow around structures
Authors: Xie Yulin , Deng Bin , Jiang Changbo , Lv Chaofan
Published: February 2025

Repeatedly solving flow around structures with varying parameters using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often essential for structural design. This study proposes a boundary-assimilation Fourier neural operator (BAFNO) method to address the challenges of manually setting initial conditions for CFD. The focus of the BAFNO is on the generalization ability to predict initial flow fields without relying on observational data. BAFNO addresses the boundary constraint requirements of the existing physics-informed neural operator models in parametric geometries. Inspired by the ghost node method, the domain boundary conditions are assimilated into the loss function instead of adding penalty terms. Meanwhile, the structure boundaries are assimilated into a damping source term using a level set function. BAFNO can flexibly handle parametric geometries with different shapes and quantities. Subsequently, a series of numerical experiments for flow-around structures are conducted to confirm the performance of the BAFNO. The results indicate that the BAFNO has strong generalization capability, and the BAFNO + CFD can obtain dynamic stable fields faster than the direct CFD.
Drag reduction mechanism of the biomimetic superhydrophobic surface on the boundary layer of underwater gliders
Authors: Yang Shaoqiong , Wang Xuan , Miao Zhanzhan , Chen Yue , Sun Tongshuai , Wang Peng , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2025

The buoyancy-driven underwater glider serves as a highly efficient tool for achieving ocean-wide, long-term, and continuous fine-scale observations. However, the performance of underwater gliders in the gliding range and speed is significantly influenced by biological attachments. To investigate potential solutions for this issue, this study explores the drag reduction mechanism of the Petrel-L underwater glider's main body based on the biomimetic superhydrophobic surface (BSHS). The flow field surrounding the underwater glider is analyzed through particle image velocimetry, and mechanical measurements are obtained with force balance techniques. The drag reduction effect of the BSHS with/without biological attachments is accurately determined through force balance analysis. Additionally, the impact mechanism of the boundary layer on Petrel-L with/without biological attachments is investigated with a range of analytical techniques, including proper orthogonal decomposition, conditional phase averaging, finite-time Lyapunov exponent, and quadrant analysis. At an angle of attack (AOA) of 3°, the BSHS realizes a drag reduction of approximately 15.2% when there are no biological attachments. When biological attachments are introduced, the flow drag of the underwater glider increases significantly, but BSHS achieves a drag reduction of about 16.8%. The drag reduction ability of BSHS is mainly reflected in its reduction of the streamwise fluctuation velocity within the boundary layer and achieves relaminarization of the boundary layer under the influence of AOA. These findings suggest that the BSHS retains its remarkable drag reduction capability for the underwater glider, even in the presence of adverse AOA and biological attachments. The current study demonstrates the immense potential of BSHS in the realm of underwater vehicles and offers theoretical and empirical support for future investigations into hydrodynamic performance optimization and passive drag reduction technologies for underwater vehicles.
Light-induced enhancement of alternating current poling quality and mechanical quality factor in ferroelectric single crystals
Authors: Jin Xinyu , Wang Yu , Meng Xiangda , Xing Bohan , Wen Xing , Ruan Jinyu , Wang Xiaoou , Hu Chengpeng , Tan Peng , Tian Hao
Published: February 2025

Alternating current poling (ACP) and light fields have been studied as domain engineering methods for regulating the domain structures and improving the physical properties of ferroelectric crystals because of their convenience, effectiveness, and economic advantages. In this study, we propose a LACP method (ACP under above-bandgap light illumination), by which the transparency and electro-optic properties of Mn- and Fe-doped KTa1−xNbxO3 single crystals were improved compared with only ACP. Furthermore, the mechanical quality factor (Qm = 538) of the sample poled using the LACP method increased significantly by 206% in contrast to that of the sample poled by the conventional high-temperature direct current poling method. The results reveal that the light-induced reorientation of defect dipoles is responsible for the enhancement of the ACP quality and Qm. This study provides an efficient and fast poling approach to the material design for multifunctional devices.
Li-ion storage characteristics and migration mechanisms of intrinsic, doped, and oxygen-deficient CeO2 and La2O3: A study using DFT+U
Authors: Hu Yucheng , Jin Na , Sun Lei , Liu Ying , Tian Xin
Published: February 2025

Rare-earth oxides (REOs) represented by CeO2 and La2O3 became a focal point in the study of Li-ion battery (LIB) electrode materials. However, leveraging defects to tune the intrinsic electronic structure of REO to enhance electrochemical performance, as well as understanding the underlying physical mechanisms at the atomic level, remained an open challenge. Density functional theory plus U calculations revealed that doping and oxygen vacancies not only regulated Li-ion insertion stability but also reduced the migration energy barriers in CeO2. Doping also decreased the volume change rate of CeO2 during Li-ion insertion. Oxygen vacancies lowered the Li-ion migration energy barrier in CeO2 from 1.516 to 0.903 eV. In comparison, Li-ion migration energy barriers in the La2O3 series structures were significantly lower than those in CeO2. Experimental results confirmed that the Li-ion diffusion coefficient of La2O3 was markedly higher than that of CeO2. Upon Li-ion insertion, the bandgap of CeO2 decreased from 2.18 to 1.60 eV, and density of states analysis revealed the profound impact of lithiation on the electronic structure. This comprehensive study enhances the understanding of the application potential of these typical rare-earth oxide materials in LIBs.
Advances in modeling the flow of Herschel–Bulkley fluids in pipes: A review
Authors: Yusufi B. K. , Kapelan Z. , Mehta D.
Published: February 2025

This review explores recent advancements in modeling the flow behavior of Herschel–Bulkley (HB) fluids in pipes, discussing theoretical, semi-empirical, computational, and experimental methods. While the laminar flow of non-Newtonian HB fluids can be effectively modeled using first-principle physics, significant challenges remain in turbulent and transitional flow regimes. Existing turbulence models, though widely used, may not always fully align with experimental data, often requiring further validation or complex mathematical tuning, leading to higher computational costs. Further, the transition to turbulence in HB fluids is influenced by shear-thinning and yield stress, yet current models often fail to account for this delayed transition. Consequently, stability and Reynolds number-based transition models can exhibit inconsistencies, limiting their broader applicability. Progress is further hindered by limited experimental studies, constrained by resolution, attenuation, cost, and material combinations. Inaccuracies in rheological modeling—due to inappropriate shear rate ranges, curve-fitting techniques, or simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and non-elasticity—further complicate flow predictions. Through this review, we delve deeper into the state-of-the-art modeling of HB fluids, highlighting progress and these challenges. Addressing these limitations requires advanced experimental and numerical studies, particularly for near-wall measurements, to better capture flow complexities and improve model predictions. This could also facilitate the development of data-driven approaches and operational envelopes that define their validity thresholds. Future research should also prioritize the independent effects of yield stress and shear-thinning properties while considering material attributes and settling phenomena in non-Newtonian suspensions. Ultimately, these advancements will enable more accurate flow predictions and practical solutions for industrial applications.