bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for measuring fish swimming patterns in shallow water and a previously undescribed swimming gait
Authors: Willis Jay , de Perera Theresa Burt , Poncelet Guillaume , Thomas Adrian
Published: November 2019

Hill stream loaches are fish which live their entire lives in close contact with rock. They have elaborate physical adaptations to fast flow, adherence to substrate, and movement in very shallow water. Here we describe a method for observing how they swim in detail. There are many similarly shaped rheophilic fish, insects, and amphibian larvae, which live in fast flowing water, and a method of observing their swimming modes has wide potential application. We measured the deflection of the water surface around a swimming fish by viewing a fixed pattern on the bottom of the tank through the water surface. This is a Schlieren method in which the movement or other physical properties of a medium are derived from the deflection of a pattern viewed through that medium. We used this method to describe a new type of swimming gait which is likely to be common among small rheophiles – pulse swimming mode – in which thrust is produced in a series of discrete impulses. The method of analysis described here is beneficial in that the fish is allowed to swim freely in relatively normal conditions without the use of intrusive equipment such as lasers, dyes, or additives to the water, and the pattern of thrust is viewed directly against the skin of the fish rather than being inferred from the wake pattern behind the fish. The method is also low cost and easily set up.
Mechanochemical synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of three 3-nitrophenol cocrystals with three aminal cage azaadamantanes: the role of the stereoelectronic effect on intermolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns
Authors: Rivera Augusto , Rojas Jicli José , Sadat-Bernal John , Ríos-Motta Jaime , Bolte Michael
Published: November 2019

The structures of the cocrystalline adducts of 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) with 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane [HMTA, (1)] as the 2:1:1 hydrate, 2C6H5NO3·C6H12N4·H2O, (1a), with 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecane [TATU (2)] as the 2:1 cocrystal, 2C6H5NO3·C7H14N4, (2a), and with 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8]dodecane [TATD, (3)] as the 2:1 cocrystal, 2C6H5NO3·C8H16N4, (3a), are reported. In the binary crystals (2a) and (3a), the 3-nitrophenol molecules are linked via O—H...N hydrogen bonds into aminal cage azaadamantanes. In (1a), the structure is stabilized by O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and generates ternary cocrystals. There are C—H...O hydrogen bonds present in all three cocrystals, and in (1a), there are also C—H...O and C—H...π interactions present. The presence of an ethylene bridge in the structures of (2) and (3) defines the formation of a hydrogen-bonded motif in the supramolecular architectures of (2a) and (3a). The differences in the C—N bond lengths of the aminal cage structures, as a result of hyperconjugative interactions and electron delocalization, were analysed. These three cocrystals were obtained by the solvent-free assisted grinding method. Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown by slow evaporation from a mixture of hexanes.
When others show off my brand: self-brand association and conspicuous consumption
Authors: Li Jie , Guo Shuojia , Zhang Jonathan Z. , Sun Liben
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of conspicuous consumption on brand attitudes in the context of luxury brands market in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies are conducted to test three hypotheses. In Study 1, the authors examine the mediating effect of self-brand association (SBA) on the relationship between social class and conspicuous consumption (H1 and H2); In Study 2, the authors examine the effect of observing others’ conspicuous consumption on the observer’s SBA (H3).

Findings

Results show that SBA negatively mediates the relationship between social class and conspicuous consumption. Moreover, the negative effect on SBA of observing conspicuous brand usage varies by social class.

Research limitations/implications

The current study focused on the principal linkage between social class, SBA and conspicuousness, and future research could examine the influence of different personality traits on luxury consumption or the existence of sub-types or variants of conspicuous brand users.

Originality/value

The present study has important implications for luxury brand management, and provides rich insights to consumers’ motivations that lead to distinctive luxury consumption behaviors.
Application of Markov process/mathematical modelling in analysing communication system reliability
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Pardeep
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the main components of a wireless communication system, e.g. input transducer, transmitter, communication channel and receiver on the basis of their interconnection for evaluating the various reliability measures for the same.

Design/methodology/approach

Markov process and mathematical modelling is used to formulate a mathematical model of the considered system (on the basis of various failures/repairs).

Findings

Reliability of the wireless communication system with respect to its components failure is obtained and explained with the graphs. Also, critical components of the system are identified with the aid of sensitivity analysis. At last, mean time to failure with variation in various failures is obtained.

Originality/value

In the present paper, a mathematical model based on the working of the wireless communication system has been developed. Conclusions in this paper are good references for the improvement in the same.
Marking walls and borders
Authors: Trujillo-Pagan Nicole
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize space as a field of struggles between multiple agents.

Design/methodology/approach

The author draws from field theory and uses visual methods to explain how graffiti shapes how neighborhoods are branded and aligned with creative city redevelopment plans.

Findings

By exploring space/place as field, the author moves beyond the structure/culture dichotomy to explain both place making and displacement.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest gentrification is not an abstract force, but rather the outcome of struggles to define place and attract new, consuming populations to the neighborhood.

Originality/value

Sociologists share a long and rich tradition of associating opportunity with space that traces back to W.E.B. DuBois’ research on the seventh ward inThe Philadelphia Negro(1899). More recently, sociologists have reified space and have attempted to distinguish place as an outcome of human experience. How space and place is reproduced remains unclear. This paper contributes toward the understanding of space, place-making and displacement.
An EPQ inventory model considering an imperfect production system with probabilistic demand and collaborative approach
Authors: Salas-Navarro Katherinne , Acevedo-Chedid Jaime , Árquez Gina Mora , Florez Whady F. , Ospina-Mateus Holman , Sana Shib Sankar , Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model considering imperfect items and probabilistic demand for a two-echelon supply chain. The production process is imperfect and the imperfect quality items are removed from the lot size. The demand rate of the inventory system is random and follows an exponential probability density function and the demand of the retailers is depending on the initiatives of the sales team.

Design/methodology/approach

Two approaches are examined. In the non-collaborative approach, any member of the supply chain can be the leader and takes decisions to optimize the profits, and in the collaborative system, all members make joint decisions about the production, supply, sales and inventory to optimize the profits of the supply chain members. The calculus approach is applied to find the maximum profit related to the members of the supply chain.

Findings

A numerical example is presented to illustrate the performance of the EPQ model. The results show that collaborative approach generates greater profits to the supply chain and the market’s demand represents the variable behavior and uncertainty that is generated in the replenishment of a supply chain.

Originality/value

The new and major contributions of this research are: the inventory model considers demand for products is random variable which follows an exponential probability distribution function and it also depends on the initiatives of sales teams, the imperfect production system generates defective items, different cycle time are considered in manufacturer and retailers and collaborative and non-collaborative approaches are also studied.
Attracting and retaining core competency: a focus on cost stickiness
Authors: Kuiate Christian , Noland Thomas R.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether firms strategically use retirement plans to retain employees with core competencies and whether offering these retirement plans provides competitive advantages that lead to greater profitability.

Design/methodology/approach

The data set consists of annual financial data reported to the US Department of Transportation by long haul truckload carriers. The paper uses linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Descriptive statistics, univariate comparisons and robustness tests are also reported.

Findings

The findings support the assertion that offering a retirement plan is positively related to the attraction and retention of skilled workers and that firms that offer retirement plans are more profitable.

Research limitations/implications

Data limitations preclude proving a definitive causal relationship. With the increasing availability of rich and timely data sets at both the firm and employee levels, future research may enhance the understanding of the role that pensions play in both labor and firm productivity.

Originality/value

This study provides evidence that retirement plans may serve as a strategic tool in highly competitive industries characterized by high labor turnover. This study shows that by analyzing the degree of cost stickiness in income statement line-items, it is possible to bypass the need for more granular analyses to uncover meaningful economic relationships. Finally, this study contributes to the literature examining the implications of operating decisions for financial performance (a balanced scorecard perspective), and it shows that offering pension benefits is related to stronger financial performance.
Integrating environmental management control systems to translate environmental strategy into managerial performance
Authors: Rötzel Peter G. , Stehle Alexander , Pedell Burkhard , Hummel Katrin
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the role of environmental management control systems as mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into environmental managerial performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on survey data from 218 firms, the authors test a structural equation model.

Findings

The results show that environmental management control systems mediate the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance. Moreover, the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems significantly impacts the relationship between environmental management control systems and environmental managerial performance. Therefore, environmental management control systems are important mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into managerial performance, and a high level of integration can reinforce this role.

Research limitations/implications

The typical shortcomings of survey-based research apply to this study.

Originality/value

While previous research focuses primarily on environmental performance at the organizational level, this study addresses individual managerial performance with regard to environmental outcomes. In addition, the authors investigate how the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems influences the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance as well as the mediating role of environmental management control systems.
Subsidiary ownership decisions by bank holding companies
Authors: Lu Wenling , Chiou Wan-Jiun Paul
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the intertemporal changes in the institutional ownership of publicly traded bank holding companies (BHCs) in the USA. The role of owned-subsidiary investing in the portfolio decisions is investigated as compared to unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutional investors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply panel regressions that control bank-fixed and time-fixed effects to study the impact of prudence, liquidity, information advantages and historical returns on each type of the institutional ownership from 1986 to 2014.

Findings

The subsidiary banks tend to invest in more shares of their parent BHCs when they are traded for a short period of time and when they have low-market risk, low turnover, a low capital equity ratio and great reliance on off-balance activities. However, the impact of these determinants of institutional ownership is opposite for unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutions.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides evidence that the criteria used by subsidiary banks to invest in their parent company stock are different than the unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutions, raising concerns about the owned-subsidiary investing activities and banks’ trustees’ duty to work in the best interest of their trust clients.

Originality/value

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the level and market value of BHC institutional ownership over the past three decades and the impact of different determinants on the ownership of BHCs by subsidiary banks, unaffiliated banks and non-bank institutional investors.
Religiosity as a moderator between theory of planned behavior and halal purchase intention
Authors: Memon Yusra Jamil , Azhar Sarwar M. , Haque Raheela , Bhutto Niaz Ahmed
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between subjective norms (SNs), attitude (ATT) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in predicting intention to choose halal-labeled products. Additionally, this research is an attempt to address the moderating influence of religiosity (RG) on relationship between theory of planned behavior constructs and halal purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through a survey. To find the factors that affect purchase intentions of Pakistani consumers regarding halal purchase intention partial least squares (PLS) path modeling has been used in the study.

Findings

The results state that TBP constructs, i.e. (ATT and PBC) have significant and positive and influence over halal purchase intentions. However, SN did not have positive and significant influence over halal purchase intention. Furthermore, no moderation effect of RG could be found in this study. Findings suggest that RG has not moderated the relationship between TBP constructs and halal purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

This study has incorporated three antecedents of TBP. However, extended theory of planned behavior can also be tested to predict influence on consumer halal purchase intentions in Pakistan. Moreover, other variables, e.g. country of origin can also be added to examine the moderation effect on TBP constructs and halal purchase intention.

Originality/value

This research identifies the rationale behind internally perceived factors that influence purchasing halal product, it further adds to an understanding of content specific (halal products) purchase intention. The practical implications include the possible approaches that managers need to address while promoting Halal labels and this will influence marketing strategies in general and communications specifically.
Does employee ownership moderate the outcomes of pay dispersion?
Authors: Weltmann Dan
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: What happens to the outcomes of pay dispersion when the employees own stock in their own company?

Design/methodology/approach

The data set consisted of over 20,000 employee surveys. Pay dispersion was measured with the Gini coefficient. The outcome variables were attitudes and behaviors with numerous controls. The moderation effect of employee ownership was investigated at the individual and group level using multilevel regression analysis.

Findings

Most hypothesized outcomes did not yield statistically significant results. The results that were statistically significant had two patterns: first, higher pay dispersion was consistently associated with improved attitudes and behaviors; and second, employee ownership moderated the outcomes of pay dispersion for certain outcomes and job types (e.g. perceptions of company fairness among administrative support personnel, or absenteeism and production personnel). There was no evidence to support a link between pay dispersion and attitudes across job types (vertical), only within job types (horizontal).

Research limitations/implications

All the data were self-reported in surveys. Attitudes were measured with single items rather than validated scales. The data were cross-sectional, so no causality can be inferred.

Practical implications

While both higher pay dispersion and employee ownership can motivate employees, the interaction between them can be negative, especially in a cooperative environment. Consideration should be given to this when designing compensation packages.

Social implications

There was a surprisingly strong link between higher pay differentials and improved attitudes, suggesting that the opportunity for higher pay is more influential than any feelings of inequity.

Originality/value

The effect of employee ownership on the outcomes of pay dispersion has never been investigated. This should be valuable given how widely higher pay is used to attract, retain and motivate employees (leading to pay dispersion) as well as how increasingly popular employee ownership is becoming.
Social impact of Polish public libraries
Authors: Paul Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the methodological issues around developing a quantitative research instrument of the social impact of Polish public libraries. The results of the use of this instrument to survey users of Mazovian Province, Poland, are summarized as an example of its use.

Design/methodology/approach

The research focused on informational, educational and participatory aspects of social impact on the sidelines leaving cultural heritage issues. “Impact” and “social impact” were defined according to ISO 16439:2014. Information and documentation – methods and procedures for assessing the impact of libraries. The research instrument included questions both about the activities taken in libraries by its users and the benefits they gained. The questionnaire also contained questions which allowed to control the variables such as frequency of using libraries, socioeconomic factors and cultural practices. To describe dependencies, various statistical tests were applied. The study was conducted on the group of 1,098 users of 38 public libraries between February and June 2017.

Findings

Younger and people from smaller towns felt more benefits from using libraries. There are significant differences between types of benefits people of various age, financial status and household size experienced. People who went to libraries and other cultural institutions often experienced more benefits. The more a person performs activities in libraries, the more benefits he or she has. Some added value of particular activities is also visible.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the efforts and the size of the sample, it is not representative of the population of library users in the Mazovian Province (mainly due to the data collection method – auditory survey).

Originality/value

Studying the social impact of the libraries in Poland is still at its beginning. The presented research is, therefore, exploratory in terms of cognitive and methodological value.
Functional traits illuminate the selective impacts of different fishing gears on coral reefs
Authors: Mbaru Emmanuel K. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , McClanahan Timothy R. , Cinner Joshua E.
Published: November 2019

Unsustainable fishing is a major driver of change in marine ecosystems. The ways that fishing gears target fishes with different ecological functions are unclear, particularly in complex multispecies fisheries.

Here, we examine whether artisanal fishing gears selectively target fishes with unique combinations of ecological traits (diet, body size, depth, position in water column, period of activity, schooling behaviour) in a coral reef ecosystem. We use coral reef fish landing data from 25 sites along the Kenyan coast collected over a 7‐year period.

All fishing gears targeted a wide diversity of traits, but with some differentiation among gears. Fish assemblages captured by spearguns were significantly different from the other gear types, specializing on diurnal species that feed on sessile invertivores. Nets, including gillnets and beachseines, targeted the most functional diversity. Escape slot traps targeted the least functionally diverse assemblages. Basket traps and escape slot traps targeted the most functionally similar species of all two‐gear combinations.

There were 163 functional entities (unique combinations of traits) captured in the fishery; however, 50% of the catch by each gear was from only two to six functional entities. Most of the differences in gear selectivity were due to unique and rarely targeted functional entities, that made up only a small proportion of the catch.

Synthesis and applications. Coral reef fisheries target a breadth of functional entities (unique combinations of traits), but catches are heavily skewed towards relatively few functional entities. While banning specific gears will benefit rare functional entities in the catch, effort reductions will be necessary to alleviate pressure on commonly targeted functional entities.
Effects of Bacillus Subtilis CF‐3 VOCs Combined with Heat Treatment on the Control of Monilinia fructicola in Peaches and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Litchi Fruit
Authors: Wu Shiyuan , Zhen Chaoying , Wang Ke , Gao Haiyan
Published: November 2019

In order to study the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus subtilis CF‐3 combined with heat treatment on Monilinia fructicola in peach and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in litchi fruit, fruits were treated with B. subtilis CF‐3 VOCs and hot air alone or in combination. The quality indexes of peach and litchi fruit after treatment and the changes in defense‐related enzymes were measured. The results showed that the B. subtilis CF‐3 VOCs combined with heat treatment could significantly reduce the rot index of peach and litchi fruit, and effectively maintain firmness and soluble solids content, as well as reduce weight loss of fruits. The combined treatment effectively enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than either treatment alone, and enhanced the resistance of fruit to pathogenic fungi by activating disease‐resistant enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase [PAL], chitinase [CHI], β‐1, 3‐glucanase [GLU]) activity. In this study, B. subtilis CF‐3 VOCs combined with heat treatment maintained the quality and delayed the decline of peach and litchi fruit, providing a theoretical basis for future applications.

Practical Application

The combination of B. subtilis CF‐3 VOCs and heat treatment reduce the extent of M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides. The combination maintain the quality of peach and litchi better. The combination obviously improve the activity of defense‐related enzyme in fruit.
Building Trust in Crisis Management: A Study of Insolvency Practitioners and the Role of Accounting Information and Processes
Authors: Joyce Yvonne
Published: November 2019

This paper seeks to understand how insolvency practitioners attempt to build trust with a heterogeneous creditor body during the crisis of formal insolvency and the role accounting information and processes play. Accounting information is mobilized in different ways according to how insolvency practitioners believe the information will be interpreted and valued. This paper suggests specific qualitative characteristics, accounting principles, and processes which appear to enhance trust building in a crisis context. These include perceived objectivity, comparability, cash flow accounting, “matching” of secured liabilities with secured assets, and “crisis” audit. The value ascribed by insolvency practitioners to maintaining specific creditor relationships also appears relevant to trust‐building activities. A “tit‐for‐tat” strategy emerges with secured creditors, whereby insolvency practitioners engage in demonstrable fee write‐offs, but on the implicit understanding that future, lucrative work will come their way. This study points to the importance for researchers and policymakers of understanding the “desirable” properties of accounting through informed understandings of how and why that information is mobilized and received in specific relationships between people.
Effect of increasing the delivery of smoking cessation care in alcohol and other drug treatment centres: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guillaumier Ashleigh , Skelton Eliza , Shakeshaft Anthony , Farrell Michael , Tzelepis Flora , Walsberger Scott , D'Este Catherine , Paul Christine , Dunlop Adrian , Stirling Robert , Fowlie Carrie , Kelly Peter , Oldmeadow Christopher , Palazzi Kerrin , Bonevski Billie
Published: November 2019

Aim

Aims were to test the effectiveness of an organizational change intervention integrating smoking cessation treatment into usual alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment, compared with usual care, on (1) 7‐day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 8 weeks follow‐up; (2) prolonged abstinence; (3) cigarettes smoked per day; (4) number of quit attempts; and (5) offer and use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). All outcomes were assessed at 8 weeks and 6.5 months follow‐up.

Design

Cluster‐randomized controlled trial, with AOD service as unit of randomization, conducted January 2015–March 2016.

Setting

Thirty‐two eligible services (provided face‐to‐face client sessions to ≥ 50 clients/year) in Australia were randomized to control (usual care; n = 15) or intervention (n = 17) groups by an independent blinded biostatistician.

Participants

Eligible participants (≥ 16 years, current smoker) completed surveys at the service at baseline (n = 896) and telephone follow‐up surveys (conducted by blinded assessors) at 8 weeks (n = 471; 53%) and 6.5 months (n = 427; 48%).

Intervention

Intervention services received an intervention to establish routine screening, assessment and delivery of smoking cessation care.

Measurements

Primary outcome was biochemically verified 7‐day PPA at 8‐week follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included verified and self‐reported prolonged abstinence, self‐reported 7‐day PPA, cigarettes/day, quit attempts and offer and use of NRT. Intention‐to‐treat analyses were performed, assuming missing participants were not abstinent.

Findings

At 8 weeks, the findings in verified 7‐day PPA between groups [2.6 versus 1.8%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5–5.7, P = 0.373] were inconclusive as to whether a difference was present. Significantly lower mean cigarettes/day were reported in the intervention group compared to the usual care group at 8 weeks [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.8–0.95, P = 0.001] but were similar at 6.5 months (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.9–1.02, P = 0.240) follow‐up. At both follow‐ups the intervention group reported higher rates of NRT use.

Conclusions

Integrating smoking cessation treatment into addiction services did not significantly improve short‐term abstinence from smoking.
Usability and acceptability of an automated respiratory rate counter to assess childhood pneumonia in Nepal
Authors: Källander Karin , Ward Charlotte , Smith Helen , Bhattarai Radheshyam , KC Ashish , Timsina Deepak , Lamichhane Bikash , Maurel Alice , Ram Shrestha Parashu , Baral Sushil , McWhorter Cindy , LaBarre Paul , de Cola Monica Anna , Baker Kevin
Published: November 2019

Aim

Pneumonia is the leading cause of child death after the neonatal period, resulting from late care seeking and inappropriate treatment. Diagnosis involves counting respiratory rate (RR); however, RR counting remains challenging for health workers and miscounting, and misclassification of RR is common. We evaluated the usability of a new automated RR counter, the Philips Children's Respiratory Monitor (ChARM), to Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs), and its acceptability to FCHVs and caregivers in Nepal.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Jumla district, Nepal. About 133 FCHVs were observed between September and December 2018 when using ChARM during 517 sick child consultations, 264 after training and 253 after 2 months of routine use of ChARM. Acceptability of the ChARM was explored using semi‐structured interviews.

Results

FCHV adherence to guidelines after 2 months of using ChARM routinely was 52.8% (95% CI 46.6‐58.9). The qualitative findings suggest that ChARM is acceptable to FCHVs and caregivers; however, capacity constraints such as older age and low literacy and impacted device usability were mentioned.

Conclusion

Further research on the performance, cost‐effectiveness and implementation feasibility of this device is recommended, especially among low‐literate CHWs.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 regulates cell migration through Orai1
Authors: Osawa Kohei , Umemura Masanari , Nakakaji Rina , Tanaka Ryo , Islam Rafikul Md , Nagasako Akane , Fujita Takayuki , Yokoyama Utako , Koizumi Toshiyuki , Mitsudo Kenji , Ishikawa Yoshihiro
Published: November 2019

The EP4 prostanoid receptors are one of four receptor subtypes for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Therefore, EP4 may play an important role in cancer progression. However, little information is available regarding their function per se, including migration and the cellular signaling pathway of EP4 in oral cancer. First, we found that mRNA and protein expression of EP4 was abundantly expressed in human‐derived tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines HSC‐3 and OSC‐19. The EP4 agonist (ONO‐AE1‐437) significantly promoted cell migration in HSC‐3 cells. In contrast, knockdown of EP4 reduced cell migration. Furthermore, we confirmed that knockdown of EP4 suppressed metastasis of oral cancer cells in the lungs of mice in vivo. Therefore, we focused on the mechanism of migration/metastasis in EP4 signaling. Interestingly, EP4 agonist significantly induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation not in only oral cancer cells but also in other cells, including normal cells. Furthermore, we found that EP4 activated PI3K and induced Ca2+ influx through Orai1 without activation of store depletion and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Immunoprecipitation showed that EP4 formed complexes with Orai1 and TRPC1, but not with STIM. Moreover, the EP4 agonist ONO‐AE1‐437 phosphorylated ERK and activated MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Knockdown of Orai1 negated EP4 agonist‐induced ERK phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggested that EP4 activated PI3K and then induced Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space through Orai1, resulting in ERK phosphorylation and promoting cell migration. Migration is regulated by EP4/PI3K/Orai1 signaling in oral cancer.
Greater Engagement in Gender‐Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and GSA Characteristics Predict Youth Empowerment and Reduced Mental Health Concerns
Authors: Poteat V. Paul , Calzo Jerel P. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Lipkin Arthur , Ceccolini Christopher J. , Rosenbach Sarah B. , O’Brien Michael D. , Marx Robert A. , Murchison Gabriel R. , Burson Esther
Published: November 2019

Extracurricular groups can promote healthy development, yet the literature has given limited attention to indirect associations between extracurricular involvement and mental health or to sexual and gender minority youth. Among 580 youth (Mage = 15.59, range = 10–20 years) and adult advisors in 38 Gender‐Sexuality Alliances (GSAs), multilevel structural equation models showed that greater engagement in GSAs over the school year predicted increased perceived peer validation, self‐efficacy to promote social justice, and hope (baseline adjusted). Through increased hope, greater engagement indirectly predicted reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms at the year’s end (baseline adjusted). GSAs whose members had more mental health discussions and more meetings reported reduced mental health concerns. Findings suggest how groups addressing issues of equity and justice improve members’ health.
Real‐life treatment of patients with cholinergic urticaria in German‐speaking countries
Authors: Mellerowicz Emilia , Weller Karsten , Zuberbier Torsten , Maurer Marcus , Altrichter Sabine
Published: November 2019

Background

Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a frequent type of chronic inducible urticaria. Symptomatic treatment with second‐generation antihistamines (sgAH) is recommended by current guidelines as first‐line therapy, but little is known about how patients with CholU are treated in real life and how they respond to treatment.

Aim

To assess real‐life treatment of CholU in German‐speaking countries.

Methods

Patients with CholU (n = 111) took part in an online survey study that assessed their treatments and their treatment responses.

Results

Virtually all patients (97 %) had used antihistamines, 87 % of them sgAH; 23 % had also taken first‐generation antihistamines (fgAH). The proportion of patients who benefited from standard‐dosed antihistamine treatment was low (sgAH: 32 % vs. fgAH: 16 %), and side effects of sgAH and fgAH were comparable. Updosing of antihistamines had been tried by 66 patients (59 %) (most commonly [98 %, n = 65] with sgAH) and resulted in marginally better responses (sgAH: 38 % vs. fgAH: 32 %). Only very few patients had used other treatments, mostly corticosteroids (30 %) and omalizumab (5 %).

Conclusions

SgAH were commonly used, but insufficient in about two thirds of CholU patients. Accordingly, improved use of third‐line and fourth‐line treatment options and development of better therapies for patients with CholU are needed.
Community‐based participation of children with and without disabilities
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Maciver Donald , Rush Robert , O'Hare Anne , Forsyth Kirsty
Published: November 2019

Aim

To describe and compare the socio‐demographic characteristics and community‐based participation of children with and without disabilities.

Method

This cross‐sectional study reports data on 1073 children with disabilities (663 males, 410 females) and 11 122 children without disabilities (5617 males, 5505 females) aged 10 to 12 years from the fifth sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study. χ2 was used to explore differences between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between childhood disability (dependent variable) and socio‐demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were also used to examine the associations between childhood disability (dependent variable) and participation in community‐based activities.

Results

Children with disabilities were more likely to be male, have psychosocial and behavioural problems, live in single‐parent households, and have a parent with a longstanding illness. Patterns of community‐based participation were similar between children with and without disabilities. However, the extent to which the two groups participated differed. Children with disabilities participated with lower frequency in unstructured physical activities (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–2.99), organized physical activities (adjusted OR 2.29; 95% CI: 1.83–2.86), religious gatherings (adjusted OR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.35–3.20), and getting together with friends (adjusted OR 3.31; 95% CI: 2.61–4.20).

Interpretation

Socio‐demographic characteristics differed between children with and without disabilities. Children with disabilities had greater restriction in participation compared to peers without disabilities. Participation promoting interventions are required to support the participation of children with disabilities in social and physical activities.

What this paper adds

Patterns of community‐based participation were similar between children with and without disabilities.

Children with disabilities had lower frequency of participation in physical activities, religious gatherings, and getting together with friends.
THE GREAT OVERESTIMATION: TAX DATA AND INEQUALITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1913–1943
Authors: Geloso Vincent , Magness Phillip
Published: November 2019

Historical measures of income inequality in the United States must grapple with the challenge of data quality. We examine one such problem affecting the well‐known estimates of income inequality produced by Piketty and Saez (2003) using the records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Prior to 1943, incomes were self‐reported. Combined with lax enforcement on the part of the IRS, self‐reporting of incomes could provide a misleading portrait of the income distribution. To test the accuracy of IRS records, we compare them to independently tabulated state income tax returns between 1919 and 1945 from states with more comprehensive and rigorously enforced tax collection procedures. State income tax records show lower overall levels of income inequality than IRS records. However, we still find that top income concentrations declined across the period between 1929 and World War II. These findings attest to the sensitivity of distributional estimation to the reporting selectivity and economic quality of underlying tax data, suggesting that the existing IRS‐derived series systematically overstates top‐income concentration in the interwar period.(JELH2, N32, D31, E01)
What constitutes effective governance of recreational fisheries?—A global review
Authors: Potts Warren M. , Downey‐Breedt Nicola , Obregon Pablo , Hyder Kieran , Bealey Roy , Sauer Warwick H. H.
Published: November 2019

The effectiveness of recreational fisheries governance has been mixed, with some countries boasting good governance practices that sustain productive recreational fisheries, while others lack any policies and governance structures specific to recreational fisheries. Here, we identify what constitutes effective governance of recreational fisheries by carrying out: (a) a desktop review of 227 country‐specific fisheries legislation, policies and strategies; and (b) a follow‐up questionnaire‐based survey covering 57 contacts in 29 selected countries. Our results show that while recreational fishing is referred to in the main legislation of 67% of the countries reviewed, only 86 of these 152 countries provide a definition for either “recreational” or “sport” fishing and not always in the main legislation. Recreational fisheries are not considered to be effectively managed in many countries, with less than a quarter of respondents claiming that management in their country is effective. Furthermore, the management efficacy, including compliance with regulations, was considered greater for the industrial and small‐scale fishing sectors than for recreational fisheries in most countries. From our findings, it appears that effective recreational fisheries governance requires explicit acknowledgement of recreational fisheries with a clear legal definition in Policy, a well‐developed Policy statement, extensive co‐management processes, clearly defined biological, economic and social monitoring structures and efficient and transparent cost recovery mechanisms. To ensure adaptation to rapidly changing conditions, policy should recognize all fishery sectors and proactively incorporate adaptive planning and contingency plans to effectively secure the diverse values of resources for all users.
Role of cardiac ryanodine receptor calmodulin‐binding domains in mediating the action of arrhythmogenic calmodulin N‐domain mutation N54I
Authors: Søndergaard Mads T. , Liu Yingjie , Guo Wenting , Wei Jinhong , Wang Ruiwu , Brohus Malene , Overgaard Michael T. , Chen S. R. Wayne
Published: November 2019

The Ca2+‐sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) inhibits cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2)‐mediated Ca2+ release. CaM mutations associated with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death have been shown to diminish CaM‐dependent inhibition of RyR2, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Nearly all arrhythmogenic CaM mutations identified are located in the C‐domain of CaM and exert marked effects on Ca2+ binding to CaM and on the CaM C‐domain interaction with the CaM‐binding domain 2 (CaMBD2) in RyR2. Interestingly, the arrhythmogenic N‐domain mutation CaM‐N54I has little or no effect on Ca2+ binding to CaM or the CaM C‐domain‐RyR2 CaMBD2 interaction, unlike all CaM C‐domain mutations. This suggests that CaM‐N54I may diminish CaM‐dependent RyR2 inhibition by affecting CaM N‐domain interactions with RyR2 CaMBDs other than CaMBD2. To explore this possibility, we assessed the effects of deleting each of the four known CaMBDs in RyR2 (CaMBD1a, ‐1b, ‐2, or ‐3) on the CaM‐dependent inhibition of RyR2‐mediated Ca2+ release in HEK293 cells. We found that removing CaMBD1a, CaMBD1b, or CaMBD3 did not alter the effects of CaM‐N54I or CaM‐WT on RyR2 inhibition. On the other hand, deleting RyR2‐CaMBD2 abolished the effects of both CaM‐N54I and CaM‐WT. Our results support that CaM‐N54I causes aberrant RyR2 regulation via an uncharacterized CaMBD or less likely CaMBD2, and that RyR2 CaMBD2 is required for the actions of both N‐ and C‐domain CaM mutations. Moreover, our results show that CaMBD1a is central to RyR2 regulation, but CaMBD1a, CaMBD1b, and CaMBD3 are not required for CaM‐dependent inhibition of RyR2 in HEK293 cells.
α‐Mangostin suppresses the de novo lipogenesis and enhances the chemotherapeutic response to gemcitabine in gallbladder carcinoma cells via targeting the AMPK/SREBP1 cascades
Authors: Shi Yu , Fan Yangwei , Hu Yuan , Jing Jiayu , Wang Chuying , Wu Yinying , Geng Qianqian , Dong Xuyuan , Li Enxiao , Dong Danfeng
Published: November 2019

High rates of de novo lipid synthesis have been discovered in certain kinds of tumours, including gallbladder cancer (GBC). Unlike several other tumours, GBC is highly insensitive to standard adjuvant therapy, which makes its treatment even more challenging. Although several potential targets and signalling pathways underlying GBC chemoresistance have been revealed, the precise mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we found that α‐Mangostin, as a dietary xanthone, repressed the proliferation and clone formation ability, induced cell cycle arrest and the apoptosis, and suppressed de novo lipogenesis of gallbladder cancer cells. The underlying mechanisms might involve the activation of AMPK and, therefore, the suppression of SREBP1 nuclear translocation to blunt de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, SREBP1 silencing by siRNA or α‐mangostin enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine in gallbladder cancer cells. In vivo studies also displayed that MA or gemcitabine administration to nude mice harbouring NOZ tumours can reduce tumour growth, and moreover, MA administration can significantly potentiate gemcitabine‐induced inhibition of tumour growth. Corroborating in vitro findings, tumours from mice treated with MA or gemcitabine alone showed decreased levels of proliferation with reduced Ki‐67 expression and elevated apoptosis confirmed by TUNEL staining, furthermore, the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis up‐regulation were obviously observed in MA combined with gemcitabine treatment group. Therefore, inhibiting de novo lipogenesis via targeting the AMPK/SREBP1 signalling by MA might provide insights into a potential strategy for sensitizing GBC cells to chemotherapy.
Coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft or xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: A split‐mouth randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gürlek Önder , Gümüş Pınar , Nizam Nejat , Buduneli Nurcan
Published: November 2019

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (XADM) or connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with modified‐coronally advanced flap (M‐CAF) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.

Materials and methods

Twelve participants with bilateral MGRs (multiple gingival recession) (82 gingival recessions) randomly received XADM (test group, 41 teeth) on one side and subepithelial CTG (control group, 41 teeth) on the other side in conjunction with M‐CAF in the same session and completed the 18‐months study period. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), keratinized tissue width (KTW), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, and 6‐, 18‐months postoperatively.

Results

PD was significantly higher in the test group at 18‐months (P < .05). PD in the test group was also significantly higher at 6‐ and 18‐months compared to baseline (P < .05). RD and RW were significantly lower at 6‐ and 18‐months compared to baseline in both groups (P < .05) and both parameters were significantly higher in the test group at 18‐months (P < .05). Percentage of teeth with complete root coverage in the test and control groups were similar at 6‐months (78% and 70.7%, respectively) and at 18‐months (both 87.8%) (P > .05).

Conclusion

Within the limits of the study, M‐CAF combined with XADM or CTG seems to be similarly effective in RD reduction of class I and II MGRs at least in the short term. Soft tissue shrinkage and increase in PD may be observed with XADM, while; CTG seems to provide stable clinical outcomes for 18‐months follow‐up.

Clinical significance

Even though the CTG and XADM in conjunction with M‐CAF may provide similar RD reduction in class I and II multiple gingival recessions in the short term. CTGs may be superior in terms of soft tissue shrinkage and PD values.
Development of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin B that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
Authors: Wangman Pradit , Chaivisuthangkura Parin , Taengchaiyaphum Suparat , Pengsuk Chalinan , Sithigorngul Paisarn , Longyant Siwaporn
Published: November 2019

Here, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to different epitopes on ToxB, a toxin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND), were employed to develop a rapid strip test. One MAb was conjugated to colloidal gold to bind to ToxB at the application pad, and another MAb was used to capture colloidal gold MAb–protein complexes at the test line (T) on the nitrocellulose strip. To validate test performance, a downstream control line (C) of goat anti‐mouse immunoglobulin G antibody was used to capture the free colloidal gold conjugate MAb. The sample in the application buffer could be applied directly to the application well, and the test result was obtained within 15 min. The sensitivity of the kit is approximately 6.25 µg/ml of toxin, which was equivalent to the toxin produced by approximately 107 cfu/ml of bacteria. This kit is convenient and easy to use since it can be used to identify VPAHPND directly using a single colony of bacteria grown on agar culture plates. Because of its high specificity and simplicity, as well as not being reliant on sophisticated equipment or specialized skills, this strip test could be used by farmers for surveillance for ToxB‐producing bacteria.