bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ НЕОБЕСПЕЧЕННЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ АКТИВОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Хасанов Мұрат
Published: February 2025

In this scientific article a question was considered, about the legal regulation of unsecured digital assets in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). Theoretical impact of the research is concluded to improve the law of the RK about unsecured digital assets. Based on the existing domestic legal base about digital assets, there were analysed main definitions, types, and also the competence of the designated public authorities of the RK in the sphere of digital assets, according to which are moved the alternative point of view for improving legal regulation of the unsecured digital assets. Practical impact of the research is conditioned to improve the legal base and judicial practice in consideration of cases, which have connection with the unsecured digital assets in the territory of the RK. In the process of doing research work about the mentioned theme of the scientific article, there were used the following methods: legal analysis, comparison, systematisation.
БАЛАЛАР ЖЫЛЫНДА БАҚ БАЛАЛАР СУИЦИДІН ҚАЛАЙЖАЗДЫ? ЕГЕМЕН ҚАЗАҚСТАН ГАЗЕТІНІҢ МЫСАЛЫНДА
Authors: Ерес Наргиза
Published: February 2025

The content of the article examines how the media has coveredthe topic of suicide in the children's years. It aims to determine the ethical contentof the articles, especially those related to child suicide. The state publicationEgemen Kazakhstan newspaper was chosen as the object of research.In our article, which uses the qualitative research method, we rely on theexperience and theories of world-class writing on the topic of suicide. We willanalyze the materials within the framework of the Agenda setting theory, and wewill also review concepts such as the Werther effect, the Papageno effect, andsuicide. We will analyze the progress of writing the subject of suicide from anethical point of view in the media of Kazakhstan, including the news.At the same time, by grouping one year's articles related to child suicidein 2022 of the selected mass media, we determined with the help of contentanalysis what unethical expressions the mass media use when writing about thetopic of suicide."Suicide" news in the media is not about sensationalism, ratings andshowing tragedy, but it is important to present information that should be balanced with the audience's responsibility for life and the "public's right toknow"
Assessing Patient Profiles and Outcomes with Vildagliptin 100 mg Sustained Release (SR) in Individuals Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   North Delhi Diabetes Centre, New Delhi, India, Chawla Rajeev
Published: February 2025

Background: This study centers around Vildagliptin 100 mg Sustained Release (SR) Once Daily (OD), a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor used
to treat Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D). Its once-daily formulation reduces pill burden and improves compliance. With the sustained release formulation,
there is an extended release of Vildagliptin in a programmed manner. Since real-world data on patient profile, outcomes, and safety are scarce, this study
aims to assess the effectiveness of Vildagliptin 100mg SR OD in individuals with T2D with respect to glycemic parameters.
Methodology: A cohort of 3,316 participants from 146 Indian sites was enrolled based on the criterion of having visited twice within the preceding year,
meeting inclusion criteria, and receiving a prescription for Vildagliptin 100mg SR once daily. All participating sites were provided with an electronic Case
Report Form (eCRF) for the collection of anonymized data. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC)
Udyaan Healthcare (Registration No. ECR/1300/Inst/UP/2019).
Results: The study involved 3,316 participants, with 65.5% males and 34.5% females. After a 3-month follow-up, HbA1c levels decreased on average by
0.7% (8.0% to 7.3%, p-value <0.001). Those with a baseline HbA1c of >=9% saw a notable drop of 1.1%. The obese group had a weight reduction of 2.7 kgs,
surpassing the non-obese group’s drop of 1.5 kgs. The HTN group showed a more considerable reduction in HbA1c levels (0.67% vs. 0.58%) compared to
the non-HTN group.
Conclusion: The administration of 100 mg SR Vildagliptin once daily proves to be an effective and well-tolerated strategy for achieving glycemic control.
However, it is essential to emphasize the necessity for additional future research to deepen our understanding and optimize the utilization of this treatment
approach
MUSTAQILLIK YILLARIDA XORAZM VILOYATIDA TURIZM SOHASI UCHUN KADRLAR TAYYORLASH MASALASI
Authors: Tojiev Alisher
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqola Xorazm viloyatida turizm sohasi uchun kadrlar tayyorlash masalasiga bagʻishlangan. Maqolada Xorazmning turistik salohiyatidan samarali foydalanish uchun zarur boʻlgan mutaxassislar tayyorlash yoʻllari va usullari, shuningdek, bu jarayonda duch keladigan muammolar va ularning yechimlari tahlil qilinadi.
ХХ ASRNING BIRINCHI YARMIDA TOSHKENTDAGI QOZOQLAR TARIXIDAN
Authors: Bekbayev Bekjon
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolamizda qardosh qozoq xalqi haqida, Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari etnik yaqinligi, madaniyati haqida qisqacha maʼlumotlar va Toshkentdagi qozoq institutining tashkil etilishi, institutdagi taʼlim jarayoni haqida maʼlumot beriladi.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЭКСПОРТА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Authors: Исламутдинова Дина
Published: February 2025

Статья представляет собой анализ экспортной политики агропромышленного комплекса Узбекистана. Анализируются сильные и слабые стороны экспортного потенциала, предлагаются решения для повышения конкурентоспособности сельскохозяйственной продукции на мировом рынке, с учётом географического положения страны и мировых трендов. В качестве источников информации используются правительственные документы, статистические данные и научные публикации.
O‘ZBEKISTON TIJORAT BANKLARI AKTIVLARIDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISH YOʻLLARI
Authors: Omonov Akrom , Ruziyev Baxtiyor
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston tijorat banklari aktivlaridan samarali foydalanishning dolzarbligi, mavjud muammolar va ularni hal qilish yoʻllari yoritilgan. Mazkur maqolada kredit portfelini boshqarish, investitsion strategiyalarni takomillashtirish va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy qilish orqali tijorat banklarining samaradorligini oshirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.
CHOʻL-YAYLOVLARI EKOLOGIK HOLATI VA ULARNING SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YOʻLARI
Authors: Tangirov Abduxolik , Nurmanov Sherzod
Published: February 2025

Maqolada mamlakat choʻl-yaylovlari degradatsiyalanish darajasining hozirgi holati va uni qayta tiklash, ekologik barqarorlikni taʼminlaydigan innovatsion texnologiya “Yaylov-qorakoʻlchilik kompleksi” modeli ishlab chiqarishga joriy etish va uning iqtisodiy samaradorligi kabi masallar oʻrganilgan.
MAHSULOT TANNARXIGA KIRITILADIGAN XARAJATLAR HISOBINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Authors: Djumanov Saitmurod
Published: February 2025

Maqolada xoʻjalik yurituvchi subyektlarda ishlab chiqarish xarajatlari va mahsulot tannarxini kalkulyatsiya qilish masalalari hamda ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarining tayyor mahsulotlar qiymatida oʻzining ifodasini topishi, mahsulot tannarxiga kiritiladigan xarajatlar hisobini yanada takomillashtirish masalalari koʻrib chiqiladi.
АBU NАЅR FОRОBIYNING MАʼNАVIY-АХLОQIY IDЕАLLАRI VА ULАRNING ZАMОNАVIY IЈTIMОIY-GUMАNITАR FАNLАR RIVОЈIDАGI АHАMIYАTI
Authors: Yusubov Jaloliddin
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqolada Abu Nasr Forobiyning ilm-fanni rivojlantirish, fanlarning oʻzaro bogʻliqligi, insoniyat turmush-tarzini yanada yaxshilashda bilim va ilml haqidagi fikrlari, fanning strukturasiga oid tizimli fikrlari falsafiy tahlil qilingan. Allomaning ayrim asarlarida keltirilgan shaxsni tarbiyalashga oid fikrlari va uni hozirgi davrda ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlarda qoʻllash jihatidan maʼlumotlar keltirilgan.
AXBOROT MAKONIDAGI TRANSFORMATSIYALASHUVNING DIALEKTIK MAZMUNI
Authors: Rasulov Azizxon
Published: February 2025

Maqolada axborotlashgan jamiyatda yangi bilimni olish usuli hisoblash texnikasini qoʻllashga asoslanganligi, zamonaviy fanning metodlari hajmi jihatidan juda katta boʻlgan maʼlumotlarni toʻplash imkonini berishi, axborot makonida yangi yondashuvlar vujudga kelganligi tadqiq etilgan. Shuningdek alohida faktlarni izlash oʻrniga korrelyatsiyalarni, tendensiyalarni oʻrnatish uchun maʼlumotlar bazasi qoʻllanishi, ilmiy maʼlumotlar informatsion operatsiyalar orqali olinishi bayon etilgan. Demak, yangi axborotlashgan jamiyatda ishlab chiqarishning manbai bilimni toʻplash texnologiyalari, axborotni qayta ishlash va simvolik kommunikatsiyalarga bogʻliq. Jamiyat rivojlanishida bilim va axborot doim katta ahamiyatga ega. Shu bilan birga, jamiyatda axborotning rivojlanishi va bilimga taʼsiri ishlab chiqarish manbai sifatida oʻrganilgan.
MILLIY OʻZLIKKA SADOQAT – UMRBOQIY QADRIYAT
Authors: Shokirov Mubin
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi davrda mamlakatimizda eng muhim xususiyatlaridan biri boʻlgan chuqur ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy islohotlar jarayonida milliy oʻzlikni anglash, islohotlarga hamohangligini taʼminlash va uning mafkuraviy oʻzgarishlarga taʼsiri, tarixiy tafakkurning yangilanish zarurati ijtimoiy-falsafiy tahlil qilingan. Tarixiy tafakkur madaniyatini va uning milliy oʻzlikni anglashdagi ahamiyati yuzasidan ayrim oʻziga xos jihatlar oʻrganilib, tegishli xulosalar chiqarilgan. Odil va xolis tarixni yaratish masalalari, milliy qadriyatlarimizga sodiqlik ruhini qaror toptirishning ijtimoiy-falsafiy asoslari tadqiq etilib, bu boradagi kelgusi vazifalar haqida mulohaza yuritilgan. Jahonda kechayotgan mafkuraviy kurash maydonlarida oʻzbek xalqining milliy oʻzligini anglash ishiga oʻzining munosib hissasini qoʻshadigan yangi avlodini tarbiyalab voyaga yetkazishga xizmat qilishi asoslangan.
BOSHQARUVCHILIK FAOLIYATI SHARQ MUTAFAKKIRLARI QARASHLARI MISOLIDA
Authors: Qodiraliyev Abror
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada sharq mutafakkirlari qarashlarida boshqaruvchilik faoliyatiga oid qarashlari bayon etiladi va tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek bugungi kun Pedagog xodimlaridan boshqaruv ilmini egallashda tarixga nazar tashlashlari va Buyuk allomalarimiz hamda mutafakkirlarimiz qarashlariga murojaat qilish zarurligi borasida fikr yuritilgan.
SABR VA CHIDAMGA OID FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARNING SEMANTIK TAHLILI (INGLIZ VA OʻZBEK TILLARI MISOLIDA)
Authors: Raxmanova Sarvinoz
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqola sabr va chidamga oid frazeologik birliklarning semantik tahliliga bagʻishlangan boʻlib, sabr va chidam tushunchalarining tilshunoslikda frazeologik birliklar orqali qanday ifodalanishi, bundan tashqari, ingliz va oʻzbek tillaridagi umumiy oʻxshashliklari va farqlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada oʻzbek va ingliz tillarida sabr va chidamni ifodalovchi frazeologik birliklar, ularning maʼnolari, muloqotda qanday ishlatilishi va ularda aks etgan psixologik va falsafiy qarashlar aks etgan. Maqolada keltirib oʻtilgan namunalar orqali biz har ikki tilning oʻziga xos xususiyatlarini, bundan tashqari, insonlarning hayotiy tajribalari haqida ham baʼzi maʼlumotlarga ega boʻlamiz. Maqola orqali frazeologik birliklarning semantik tahlili yordamida til va madaniyat oʻrtasidagi bogʻlanishlarni oʻrganish imkoniyati yaratiladi.
TEZ AYTISHLARNING SINTAKTIK TUZILISH JIHATDAN TAHLILI
Authors: Mamataliyeva Navbahor
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada oʻzbek xalq ogʻzaki ijodining oʻziga xos janri boʻlgan tez aytishlarning sintaktik va grammatik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tez aytishlar xalq nutqining boyligi va murakkabligining yorqin namunasi boʻlib, ularning asosiy vazifasi talaffuzdagi murakkabliklarni bartaraf etish va nutq tezligini oshirishdan iboratdir. Tadqiqotda tez aytishlarning gap qurilishi, sintaktik birliklarning oʻzaro aloqasi va ularning madaniy ahamiyati yoritilgan.
INGLIZ VA OʻZBEK TILLARIDAGI OTA KONSEPTINING CHOGʻISHTIRMA TAHLILI
Authors: Hayitova Shohida
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqolada ingliz va oʻzbek tillaridagi «ota» konseptining lingvistik va madaniy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ota konsepti nafaqat biologik ota shaklini, balki ijtimoiy va madaniy nuqtai nazardan ham muhim ahamiyatga ega boʻlib, bu tushuncha turli tillarda va madaniyatlarda turlicha talqin qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ingliz va oʻzbek tillaridagi ota tushunchasining leksik, semantik va frazeologik xususiyatlari, shuningdek, uning lingvokulturologik jihatlari oʻrganiladi. Ushbu tahlil ota konseptining ijtimoiy-psixologik ahamiyatini va uning ikki tilga asoslangan madaniyatdagi oʻrni va roli qanday ifodalanishini aniqlashga qaratilgan.
HUDUDLARNI ZONALASHTIRISHNING HUQUQIY MASALALARI
Authors: Uzakova Go‘zal
Published: February 2025

Maqolada Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida aholi punktlarini zonalashtirishning tashkiliy-huquqiy masalalari amaldagi Shaharsozlik va Yer qonunchiligi asosida tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, aholi punktlarini zonalashtirishning ekologik-huquqiy talablari rivojlangan xorijiy davlatlar qonunchiligi asosida qiyosiy-huquqiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Muallif mazkur maqolada zonalashtirish jarayonini aholi punktlarining turlari va hududlarning oʻziga xos xususiyatlaridan kelib chiqqan holda ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilgan, ushbu tahlil asosida oʻzining mustaqil yondashuvini bayon qilgan, shuningdek keltirilgan xulosalar asosida amaldagi qonunchilikni takomillashtirish yuzasidan takliflar ishlab chiqqan.
JINOYAT ISHINI TOʻXTATIB TURISHNING JABRLANUVCHI VA AYBLANUVCHI UCHUN HUQUQIY OQIBATLARI
Authors: Tuxtashev Sherzod
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqolada jinoyat ishini toʻxtatib turish institutining jabrlanuvchi va ayblanuvchi uchun huquqiy oqibatlari tahlil qilinadi. Jinoyat-protsessual qonunchilik doirasida ishni toʻxtatib turish jarayon ishtirokchilarining huquq va majburiyatlariga sezilarli taʼsir koʻrsatishi bilan ajralib turadi. Maqolada jabrlanuvchining adolatli sudlovga boʻlgan huquqi, himoya va kompensatsiya olish imkoniyatlari, ayblanuvchining esa himoya huquqi, protsessual muddatlarning oʻtishi hamda ehtimoliy reabilitatsiya masalalari batafsil koʻrib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada jinoyat ishini toʻxtatib turish sabablarining huquqiy tahlili, ushbu institutning suiisteʼmol qilinishi ehtimoli va huquqiy kafolatlar muhokama qilinadi. Prokurorlik nazorati, sud nazorati va jarayon ishtirokchilari uchun mavjud protsessual mexanizmlar orqali ishni toʻxtatib turish qonuniyligini taʼminlash choralari yoritiladi.
MURAKKAB ASHYOLARNING OʻZIGA XOS BELGILARI, ULARNING HUQUQIY VA FALSAFIY MOHIYATI
Authors: Toʻxtayev Oʻktamjon
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada murakkab ashyolar tushunchasi fuqarolik huquqi va falsafiy nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Ishda murakkab ashyolarning oʻziga xos belgilari, xususan, iroda yoʻqligi, diskretlik va moddiylik kabi jihatlar, shuningdek, ularning fuqarolik huquqi obyektlari bilan umumiy xususiyatlari koʻrib chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda murakkab ashyolarning oʻzaro aloqadorlik xususiyatlari va ularning huquqiy tartibga solinishiga doir masalalar yoritiladi. Xorijiy davlatlar tajribasi asosida Oʻzbekiston fuqarolik qonunchiligida murakkab ashyolarni tartibga solish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu maqola fuqarolik huquqining obyektlar nazariyasini chuqurroq oʻrganish, huquqiy tizimni takomillashtirish va milliy qonunchilikda murakkab ashyolarni aniqlash boʻyicha yangi yondashuvlarni ishlab chiqishga yoʻnaltirilgan.
AKMEOLOGIK YONDASHUV ASOSIDA SPORTCHILARNING INDIVIDUAL XUSUSIYATLARI BILAN ZIDDIYATLI VAZIYATLARDAGI XULQ-ATVOR STRATEGIYALARI OʻRTASIDAGI OʻZARO BOGʻLIQLIGI
Authors: Ibraximov Sanjar
Published: February 2025

Bugungi kunda jamiyatimiz hayotida sportning oʻrni ortib bormoqda. Shu bilan bir qatorda sport muhitidagi nizolar ham rivoj olmoqda. Bu ajablanarli holat emas, chunki sportdagi jarayon ikkita qarama-qarshi tomon mavjud boʻlgan raqobat muhitini ifodalaydi. Biroq, sport muhitida yuzaga keladigan ziddiyatlar sportchilarning psixologik holatiga salbiy taʼsir koʻrsatadi, bu esa ularning chiqishlari natijasiga taʼsir qiladi. Sport muhitida ziddiyatlarning kelib chiqish sabablari, shuningdek, nizodagi xulq-atvor strategiyalari va ushbu strategiyalarning sportchilarning individual xususiyatlari bilan bogʻliqligi ushbu ilmiy maqolada koʻrib chiqilgan.
KOMPYUTERLI MATEMATIKA TIZIMLARINI OʻQITISHDA TARMOQ TEXNOLOGIYASIDAN FOYDALANISH
Authors: Karimov Qayum
Published: February 2025

Maqolada kompyuterli matematika tizimlarining imkoniyatidan foydalanib hisoblashlarni bajarish va tarmoq texnologiyasiga oid metodik tavsiyalar berilgan. Dars jarayonida kompyuterli matematika dasturlarining imkoniyatlardan foydalanishning samarali jihatlari oʻrganilgan. Kompyuter tarmoqlari yordamida oʻqitish muammolari tahlil qilingan.
TALABALAR TAʼLIMINING SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH VA JISMONIY SIFATLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA INNOVATSION YONDASHUVLAR
Authors: Turdimuratov Dilmurad
Published: February 2025

Zamonaviy oliy taʼlim muassasalari bilim va tarbiya maskani sifatida har tomonlama rivojlangan shaxsni shakllantirishga yoʼnaltirilgan boʼlib, uning muhim tarkibiy qismi jismoniy tarbiya hisoblanadi. Uzoq tarixga ega boʼlishiga qaramay, anʼanaviy jismoniy tarbiya metodlari zamonaviy talabalarning ehtiyojlarini qondirishda tobora samarasiz ekanligini namoyon etmoqda. Bugungi talabalar oʼqitish jarayonida innovatsion yondashuvlar, xilma-xillik va amaliy yoʼnalishga ega boʼlishini kutmoqdalar. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi — oliy taʼlim muassasalarida jismoniy tarbiya fanini oʼqitishning zamonaviy tendensiyalarini tahlil qilish, eng samarali innovatsion yondashuvlar va texnologiyalarni aniqlash hamda ularning qoʼllanilishini talabalarning jismoniy tayyorgarlik sifatini oshirish va sogʼlom turmush tarzi koʼnikmalarini shakllantirish nuqtai nazaridan asoslashdan iborat. Tadqiqot davomida jismoniy tarbiya boʼyicha eng ommabop innovatsion yondashuv va texnologiyalar aniqlandi. Ular orasida shaxsga yoʼnaltirilgan taʼlim texnologiyasi, interaktiv oʼqitish, ijodiy shaxsni shakllantirish texnologiyasi, axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, differensial jismoniy tarbiya texnologiyasi hamda sogʼliqni saqlash texnologiyasi taʼlim samaradorligini oshirish va talabalar jismoniy sifatlarini rivojlantirishda muhim rol oʼynaydi.
BOSHLANGʻICH SINFDA OʻQITISHNING ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARIDAN FOYDALANISH USULLARI
Authors: Allayeva Hafiza
Published: February 2025

Boshlangʻich sinfda oʻqitishning zamonaviy texnologiyalaridan foydalanish oʻquvchilarning bilim olish jarayonini yanada qiziqarli, samarali va innovatsion qilishga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarning mohiyati, ularni boshlangʻich sinf oʻquv jarayoniga tatbiq qilish usullari va natijalari haqida soʻz boradi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni koʻrsatdiki, zamonaviy texnologiyalar oʻquvchilarning bilim olish motivatsiyasini oshiradi, mustaqil fikrlash va ijodkorlik koʻnikmalarini rivojlantiradi.
BOʻLAJAK TASVIRIY SANʼAT OʻQITUVCHILARIDA KASBIY KOMPETENSIYANI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA RANGTASVIR FANINING AHAMIYATI
Authors: Xo‘jaqulov Ro‘zibek
Published: February 2025

Maqolada oʻqitish metodikasining ilmiy asoslari va ijodiy yondashuvlari bayon etilgan. Tasviriy sanʼat darslarida oʻqituvchilar kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda rangtasvir fanining ahamiyati toʻgʻrisida maʼlumotlar keltirilgan. Oʻqituvchilarning ilmiy tadqiqotlari innovatsion metodlarni joriy etib, darslarni qiziqarli va samarali tashkil etishning ahamiyati toʻgʻrisida fikr yuritilgan.
Strategic Subcultures and the Worldviews on the Use of Force: The Case of Political and Security Committee of the Council of the EU
Authors: Pilitauskas Ovidijus
Published: February 2025

Since 2003, with the release of the European Security Strategy, the EU’s political elites have continuously looked for ways and means to forge a common EU strategic culture. Both scholars and political elites agree that the EU’s strategic culture should be a product of a convergence of Member States’ strategic cultures. The research on the strategic culture of the EU has overlooked the theoretical advances of the fourthgeneration strategic culture theory. Instead, it has focused on the state level of analysis, as both research approaches might not be appropriate for an organisation with a supranational and intergovernmental decision-making system. This article proposes to employ a concept of strategic subcultures envisioned by the fourth-generation strategic culture theory and shift the research focus from the state level of analysis to the level of the EU. Drawing on the concept of subcultures, the institutions-based socialisation process and semi-structured interviews with the Ambassadors of the Political and Security Committee of the Council of the European Union, the article develops a model on how to define an EU-level strategic subculture and argues that the Political and Security Committee must be considered as another strategic subculture of the EU next to the Member States.
Analisis Determinasi Keberhasilan Usaha Pada Multiguna Forklift
Authors: Lazuardi Dedy , Rinaldi Muammar , Gustina Ihdina , Wahyuni Putri
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Manusia sebagai makhluk hidup ekonomi memiliki naluri dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya untuk bertahan hidup dan selalu berambisi sehingga mendorong semakin berkembangnya pula ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sebagai alat atau media untuk memenuhi  kebutuhan hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi Berwirausaha terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha pada Forklift Serbaguna, mengetahui pengaruh Pengetahuan Berwirausaha terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha pada Forklift Serbaguna, mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi Berwirausaha dan Pengetahuan Berwirausaha terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha pada Forklift Serbaguna.
Metode penelitian: Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif yaitu data yang diperoleh dalam bentuk angka atau bilangan. Sumber data berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran  kuesioner kepada responden, data sekunder diperoleh dari data dan kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah pelaku usaha forklift pada Forklift Serbaguna sebanyak 30 responden. Dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh maka jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 30 responden. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda.
Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Motivasi Berwirausaha dan Pengetahuan Berwirausaha memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keberhasilan Bisnis pada Forklift Serbaguna.
Kesimpulan: Sebagai kesimpulan, kebijakan moneter memainkan peran penting dalam  menentukan suku bunga dan menjaga stabilitas ekonomi. Bank sentral perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi ekonomi yang lebih luas dan mengadopsi pendekatan yang fleksibel dan responsif terhadap perubahan ekonomi domestik dan global.
Sertifikasi Halal dan Daya Saing UMKM di Indonesia: Studi Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Muntholip Abd. , Setiawan Nanang
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Sertifikasi halal menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan daya saing UMKM di Indonesia, terutama di tengah meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap produk halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sertifikasi halal terhadap minat beli konsumen dan pertumbuhan penjualan UMKM di Indonesia,
Metode penelitian: Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis 32 penelitian yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2017 hingga 2024,
Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sertifikasi halal memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen, khususnya di kalangan masyarakat Muslim, yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi pada peningkatan penjualan UMKM. Selain itu, kualitas produk dan harga ditemukan sebagai faktor yang memperkuat dampak sertifikasi halal terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa sertifikasi halal tidak hanya menjadi penanda kepatuhan terhadap standar kehalalan, tetapi juga berperan sebagai strategi pemasaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan pertumbuhan UMKM di pasar domestik maupun global,
Kesimpulan: Sertifikasi halal adalah strategi pemasaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan daya saing UMKM. UMKM dapat memanfaatkan sertifikasi halal untuk memperluas pasar dan mendukung pertumbuhan bisnis mereka
On Line Graphs with Crossing Number 3
Authors: Ghaleppa Mallikarjun , Yadav Amit Kumar , Enanoria Amabelle Oliva
Published: February 2025

Kulli, Akka and Beineke obtained a characterization of planar graphs whose line graphs have crossing number 1. Akka, Jendrol, Klesvcv and Panshetty presented a characteri- zation of planar graphs whose line graphs have crossing number 2. The main result of this paper is a characterization of graphs whose line graphs have crossing number 3.

The primary contribution of this paper is the characterization of graphs whose line graphs have a crossing number of three. Let be a graph and its line graph. The main result identifies necessary and sufficient structural properties of that ensure has a crossing number of three.

Further research can expand on this work by examining families of graphs that exhibit higher crossing numbers and exploring computational approaches for practical applications in visualization and optimization.
An Exploration of the Status of Psychological Well-Being of Transgender Persons Residing in Patna: A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Mohini Mugdha , Sinha Ashish Ranjan
Published: February 2025

Though many consider transgender persons as abnormal people those at birth that have a mismatched sex and gender. Cisgender people discriminate against transgender individuals commonly because of their body, look, voice and more. In addition, this case puts a lot of pressure on their mental health and affects their overall/psychological well-being. The mental health of transgender people needs to be heard of and addressed more and more. The time has come to take a call on their mental health and give it proper solution in the same way as cisgender people are getting. In this study, an attempt is made to study the mental health of transgender people and the various factors that affect them. For this, the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire has been used to assess the mental health status of transgender people. Dependent variable used is psychological well-being; independent variables are self-image, mood, independence, relationships, daily activities, physical health and future. Data has been taken from transgender people who lived in different areas of Patna and here multiple linear regression analysis is employed to study the interaction. The results indicate a significant direct effect of outcome with all the selected independent variables on transgender people’s psychological well-being. The findings clearly imply that transgender people endure severe systemic prejudice, and access to healthcare and social assistance is often insufficient, all resulting in adverse mental health outcomes
Expanding a Hurricane Wind Resistance Rating System for Tree Species Using Machine Learning
Authors: Salisbury Allyson B. , Koeser Andrew K. , Andreu Michael G. , Chen Yujuan , Freeman Zachary , Miesbauer Jason W. , Herrera-Montes Adriana , Kua Chai-Shian , Nukina Ryo Higashiguchi , Rockwell Cara , Shibata Shozo , Thorn Hunter , Wan Benyao , Hauer Richard J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Hurricanes and other wind events are significant disturbances that affect coastal urban forests around the world. Past research has led to the creation of wind resistance ratings for different tree species, which can be used in urban forest management efforts to mitigate the effects of these storms. While useful, these ratings have been limited to species common to urban forestry in Florida, USA.

Methods

Drawing on past ratings and data from a global literature review on tropical storm research, we created a machine learning model to broaden both the geographic coverage and the variety of species currently assessed for their resistance to wind.

Results

We assigned wind resistance ratings to 281 new species based on the available data and our modelling efforts. The model accuracy and agreement with the original ratings when applied to the testing data set was high with 91% accuracy.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated how a machine learning algorithm can be used to expand rating systems to include new species given sufficient data. Communities can use the expanded wind resistance rating species list to choose wind resistant species for planting and focus risk assessment on low wind resistant trees.
Identifying Essential Selection Criteria and Program Components to Improve Hawai‘i’s Exceptional Tree Program Based on Expert Consensus
Authors: Ritchie Myles , Kaufman Andrew
Published: February 2025

Background

Hawai‘i’s exceptional trees are currently identified based on 7 selection criteria established in 1975. These criteria and their corresponding program components have remained stagnant with minimal improvements since the program’s inception. This study builds upon previous exceptional (aka “heritage,” “significant,” “champion,” “monumental,” “notable,” etc.) tree research conducted in other geographic locations in an attempt to discover if consensus exists regarding how these trees of importance should be identified, managed, and protected.

Methods

A panel of 13 experts from around the state were presented 45 exceptional tree selection criteria and several program components using a 3-iteration Delphi method to determine if consensus exists on which selection criteria and program components should be used by Hawai‘i’s Exceptional Tree Program.

Results

The results identified 33 exceptional tree selection criteria and 5 program components (i.e., protection mechanisms, private property exceptional tree maintenance costs, funding, public education and outreach, and program management best practices) recommended by the expert panel, as well as examples of how each should be implemented to improve the efficacy of this conservation program.

Conclusions

These findings add to a growing body of exceptional tree research designed to identify, recognize, and protect a region’s most valued trees, while also having applicability to urban forestry programs more broadly.
Экспорт китайских холодильников в Российскую Федерацию в рамках реализации политики “разворота на Восток”
Authors: Бредихин А.В. , Лекаренко В.Л.
Published: February 2025

Современные холодильные установки являются не чем иным, как следствием научно-технического прогресса. Тем не менее вопрос сохранения свежести продуктов, требующих специальных условий хранения, был актуален еще задолго до появления первых холодильников. Его решение послужило толчком в развитии холодильной отрасли. Со временем рынок крупной бытовой техники претерпел множество изменений: когда технологии развились настолько, что удобство в эксплуатации и качество продукции стали для потребителя неотъемлемой данностью, конкуренция среди стран — производителей холодильной техники накалилась. Статья освещает состояние криогенной ниши в России, охватывает разные этапы ее становления, дает оценку роли иностранных компаний в ее развитии. В статье рассматривается сотрудничество России с Китаем — страной, являющейся одним из лидеров в холодильной отрасли на данный момент, поднимается вопрос о влиянии последних событий мирового масштаба на становление международных экономических отношений.

The modern refrigeration units are nothing more than a consequence of scientific and technological progress. Nevertheless, the issue of preserving the freshness of products requiring special storage conditions was relevant long before the appearance of the first refrigerators. The solution of this issue served as an impetus for the development of the refrigeration industry. Over time, the market for large household appliances has undergone many changes: when technology has developed so much that ease of use and product quality have become an integral given for the consumer, competition among refrigeration manufacturing countries has heated up. The article highlights the state of the cryogenic niche in Russia, covers different stages of its formation, and assesses the role of foreign companies in its development. The article examines Russia's cooperation with China, a country that is one of the leaders in the refrigeration industry at the moment, and raises the question of the impact of recent global events on the formation of international economic relations.
Relationship Between Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Professional Commitment of Minnesota School-Based Agricultural Education Teachers
Authors: Rada Lavyne L. , Smith Amy R. , Greiman Bradley C.
Published: February 2025

To address the increasing demand for school-based agriculture education (SBAE) teachers throughout the United States, it is imperative for teachers to remain in the profession. Although the literature has identified several factors influencing SBAE teacher retention, previous research has not examined psychological needs satisfaction. Our study viewed psychological needs through the lens of self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002), recognizing that the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are universal and innate needs essential for psychological functioning (Ryan & Deci, 2020). Our study aimed to examine if and to what extent psychological needs satisfaction was related to SBAE teachers’ professional commitment. One-hundred eighty-one teachers responded to an online questionnaire to gather quantitative data to assess participants’ psychological needs satisfaction and professional commitment. We examined the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and professional commitment using correlation, linear regression, independent-sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Our results support earlier research (Collie et al., 2016; Lee & Nie, 2014; Mabekoje et al., 2016) that found people are drawn to needs-satisfying environments. Our most important finding was that psychological needs satisfaction affects SBAE teacher retention as results revealed psychological needs satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness (independently and collectively) had a significant and negative impact on turnover intention. Our study adds to the evidence that suggests psychological needs satisfaction affects teachers’ career choices and provides insight into this relationship in SBAE.
FREQUENCYANDRISKFACTORSOFPOSTSURGICALSITEINFECTIONSINPATIENTSVISITINGTERTIARYCAREHOSPITALSINDISTRICTPESHAWAR
Authors: Ullah Imran , Hussan Jehan , Saeed Khan Manahil , Shamoon Khan Muhammad , Junaid Umaima , Muaz Malik
Published: February 2025

Background:AccordingtoWHOreportin 2016thepost-surgicalsiteinfectionrateinpatientswas11%.InPakistan,12.7%SSIrateswerereportedinemergencycasesand4.6%inelectivesurgeries.InObjective of this studyis tofindsurgicalsiteinfection(SSI)frequencyandriskfactorsinpatientsadmittedtotertiarycarehospitalsin Peshawar.MaterialsandMethods:Across-sectionalanalyticalstudywasconductedfromOctober2021toMarch2022usinganon-probabilityconsecutivesamplingtechnique.One hundred and thirtypatientswhohadundergonesurgerywereselected.DatawascollectedusingaquestionnaireandanalyzedusingSSPSS-23.Results:ThefrequencyofSSIsinPeshawarwas30%,highest frequency is reported un age groupbetween 15 -20 years.Emergencysurgerygot31% SSIs,while28%ofpatientsonwhomelectivesurgerywasperformedgot33%SSIs. Laparoscopicsurgeryhad 33% frequency of SSIs ascomparedto29%withopenconventionalsurgery.SSIs was reportedin 62%ofsmokers,33%ofhypertensiveand 40%withdiabetes.Conclusion:ThestudyhasfoundthatthefrequencyofSSIsinPeshawaris30%.Males, emergencyandlaparoscopicsurgeryisatahigherriskofgettingSSIs.Smokers,DiabeticsandhypertensivepatientsaremorepronetoSSIs.Keywords:Infections,Post-surgical,Tertiarycarehospital
ACUTE NEUROMUSCULAR RESPIRATORY FAILURE: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Rathore Farooq Azam , Ameer Muhammad Atif
Published: February 2025

Background:Acute respiratory failure is a common presentation in COVID-19 patients, but other causes should not be overlooked. Neurotoxic snake bites can also cause acute respiratory system involvement, though they are rare. Case Presentation:We report the case of a 20-year-old male who presented to the emergency department during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with sudden onset dyspnea and low-grade fever. Although the absence of any significant history initially raised suspicion of COVID-19 induced lung involvement, radiological findings and PCR swab results ruled out COVID-19 infection. Reevaluation revealed a neuromuscular cause due to recent flooding in the patient's area and subsequent snakebite. Empiric anti-venom therapy was initiated, and the patient showed remarkable recovery after 24 hours, weaning off the ventilator. Conclusion:This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses in patients presenting with acute respiratory failure during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in regions with a higher risk of snakebite.Keywords: Snake Bite, COVID-19, Respiratory Paralysis, Antivenom, Pakistan
BORDERLINE AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX AND CAESAREAN SECTION FREQUENCY IN FULL-TERM PREGNANT PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Shahzad Fazeela , Akhtar Sadia , Iqbal Ayesha , Zulfiqar Shazia , Khan Aqsa
Published: February 2025

Background:The optimal approach to borderline Amniotic fluid index (AFI) in pregnancy is uncertain, sparking ongoing debate and controversy. This study primarily aimed to determine the frequency of cesarean deliveries in term pregnancies with borderline AFI in our clinical setting.Material& Methods:A cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Unit I of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from January 2023 to June 2023. Total 90 pregnant women were selected through non probability consecutive sampling. Patients between 37 to 41 weeks with borderline were included. The cut-off values for the AFI were defined as AFI of 0-5 cm labelled as low fluid, 5.1 to 8 cm as borderline and greater than 8 cm as high fluid value,5,16 After complete clinical evaluation, labour induction was done with Prostaglandin E2 gel vaginally, 6 hours apart two doses. All patients monitored during labour and tracked until delivery. Key outcome variable was rate of Caesarean section performed for unsuccessful induction of labour. All data was entered in SPSS version 22.Results:Out of 90 patients, mean age was calculated as 28.53±5.99 years. Mean gestational age was 38.47±1.08 weeks and mean AFI was 6.62±0.93 cm. Cesarean section done for unsuccessful induction of labour in 27.8 %(n=25) of women having borderline AFI while successful vaginal birth observed in 65 patients (72.2%).Conclusion:In our clinical environment, the rate of caesarean section is not substantially elevated in women with borderline AFI at term that experiencedfailed induction. Keywords:Amniotic Fluid, AFI, Cesarean Section, full term
FREQUENCY OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS IN FEMALES PRESENTING WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Babar Rukhsana , Nisar Aqsa , Salman Sadia , Rehman Shamaim , Rehman Dil Jan , Arshad Rabia
Published: February 2025

Background:Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is defined as irregularities inthe menstrual cycle with a change in recurrence, period, or quantity of bleeding. It is one of the most frequent gynaecological problems and around 10-30% of women in the reproductive age bracket are suffering from it. It accounts for about 1/3rd of all th walk-in gynaecological visits.The study aimed to determine the frequency of uterine leiomyoma in females with abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary care hospital.Material andMethods:This cross sectional studywas conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology department, Shalimar Hospital, Lahorefrom 1st October 2018 to 30th March 2019.A total of 130 females presenting with atypical uterine bleeding were taken in the study. Ultrasonography was done to determine the uterine fibroids. A Consultant Radiologist did ultrasound. Data was collected regarding uterine leiomyoma and was noted.Results: The age bracket in the present study ranged from 18 to 40 years with mean age of 33.930±3.13 years, a mean weight of77.738±7.11 Kg and a mean duration of complaining4.453±0.96 months. Married females were 90% and unmarried 10%. Uterine leiomyoma wasseen in 19.2% patients. 68% of uterine leiomyomaswere of small size and 32% of large size. 48% of uterine leiomyoma were single and 52% were multiple.Conclusion:In our Pakistani populace, the prevalence of uterine leiomyoma is approximately thesame as reported in multiple studies for white females and increases with age and weight.Key Words:Pregnancy, Menstrual Cycle, Leiomyoma
FREQUENCY OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION IN GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION IN PRIMIGRAVIDA TREATED WITH NIFEDIPINE VERSUS LABETALOL
Authors: Nawaz Uzma , Zahoor Robina , Rabia Dr , Ashraf Adila , Abid Shazia , Zafar Hania
Published: February 2025

Background: It is estimated that about 6-8% of pregnancies are complicated by hypertensive pregnancy disorders, which cause the severe mother and fetal morbidity and death. The incidence of gestational hypertension is 6.3% worldwide.To treat hypertensive problems during pregnancy, several different medications have been employed.Objective: The objective of this study was to assessthe frequency of intrauterine growth retardation in gestational hypertension in primary gravida treated with nifedipine versus labetalol.Material and Methods:This study was arandomized controlled trial carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Unit-III, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahorefor six months from 26/09/2017 to 25/03/2018.In Group A patients were treated with Nifedipine whereas in Group B patients were treated with Labetalol. Within 30 minutes after delivery, a qualified operating room staff member assessed the newborn birth weight using weighing equipment that was set to zero before usage. By using IBM SPSS version 23, all the data was analyzed. Results: Mean birth weight was lower significantly in patients in the labetalol group in comparison to the nifedipine group (2.3±0.3 Kg vs. 2.6±0.3 Kg with a p-value of less than 0.01).The frequency of IUGR was higher significantly in patients of the labetalol group in comparison to nifedipine (22.4% vs. 6.9% with a p-value of 0.018).Conclusion: Nifedipine was found superior to labetalol in the treatment of patients with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy as its use was associated with significantly higher mean neonatal birth weight and significantly lower frequency of IUGR which recommendsits routine use in future practice.Key Words:Pregnancy,Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Hypertension
VITAMIN D AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION...IS THE LINK REAL?
Authors: Mahmud Qanita , Rao Maryam , Kanwal Shumaela , Kazmi Tabinda , Saeed Saman , Waseem Qudsia
Published: February 2025

Background:Vitamin D has assumed even more importance in recent years because of its diversity of actions. One of the most recently discovered effects of vitamin D is on the vascular system, through which it can produce an impact on cardiovascular health. Multiple studies have been done in this regard, but it still requires further exploration. The objective of our study was to explore any existing association of vitamin D deficiency with myocardial infarction (MI) andto make a comparison of levels of vitamin D in patients with recent MI and healthy individuals. Material and Methods:A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology. The study measured serum Vitamin D levels in64 participants belonging to two categories: patients with recent myocardial infarction and healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels in both groups were compared. Results:showed Serum Vitamin D was sub-optimal in all study participants, including myocardial infarction patients and the healthy controls. A clear association between vitamin D deficiency and myocardial infarction could not be seen. Mean±SD Vitamin D levels were 18±7.8ng/L in myocardial infarction patients and 19.1±9.3ng/L in healthy individuals. This study did not establish an association between myocardial infarction and vitamin D levels. Conclusion:Our study failed to show a link between Vitamin D and myocardial infarction. Further exploration is needed in this regard.Key Words:Vitamin D, Myocardial Infarction, Hypertension
RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASEIMITATING COVID-19
Authors: Khan Haseeb , Piracha Mariyam Iftikhar , Zaheer Sarah , Shujaat Kamil
Published: February 2025

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is an autoimmune disorder showing features of a combinationof primarylupus, scleroderma, and polymyositis. Sjogren syndrome is observed in some people with this uncommon disease. Thepatient does not showsymptoms of theseparate diseases in early phase, instead,they tend to show up gradually for severalyears, which can complicate the diagnostic procedure.The characteristic feature of MCTD is the antisemiteantibodies and antibodies against U1-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Clinically numbnessof toes and fingers, myopathy, Raynaud’s syndrome, swollen hands, rash,arthritis, polymyositis and interstitial lung diseaseare observed.The patientpresentedwith fever, shortness of breath and dry cough and was treated alongthe linesof coronavirusdisease. His pulmonaryfeatures resembledthose of post COVID fibrosis,hencethe disease was overlooked due to thispandemic.KeyWords: COVID-19, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Fever
LEVEL OF PATIENTS' EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INFORMED CONSENT OF CESAREAN SECTION IN FEMALES UNDERGOING PLANNED CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Zahoor Robina , Ashraf Adila , Rabia Dr , Zafar Hania , Abid Shazia
Published: February 2025

Background:The consent-providingindividual must not only have the appropriate mental ability but also have all of the required knowledge togive consentcorrectly. The patient must provide consent toaccept or decline any treatment or examination.The study aimed to find the levelof patients' education and knowledge about informed consent of cesarean section in females undergoing planned cesarean sectionMaterial and Methods:This study was cross-sectional and carried out at Unit I, Department of Obstetrics andGynecology, Sir Gangs Ram Hospital, Lahore for a duration ofsix months after approval of synopsis fromJanuary 2022 to June 2022. All the enrolled patients were asked about the informed consent of cesarean section before undergoing cesarean section and their knowledge about informed consent was noted. The Femaleeducation about informed consent was obtained as per operationaldefinition by the researcher herself after the procedure.Data analysis was done through SPSS version 21 software.Results:Atotal of 100 caseswere enrolled in the current study.Level of adequate knowledgeaboutinformed consent of cesarean sectionwas recorded in 74 (74%) of the cases whereas adequate knowledge was not recorded in 26 (26%) cases. Level of adequate educationabout informed consent of cesarean sectionwas recorded in 9 (9%) of the cases whereas adequate education was not recorded in 91 (91%) cases. Conclusion: Our study concluded that a high number of patients have an adequate level of knowledge about informed consent forcesarean section in females undergoing planned cesarean section while the level of adequate education was very lowKeyWords:Education,Knowledge,Consent form