bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An extended Gauss-Newton method for full-waveform inversion
Authors: Gholami Ali
Published: February 2024

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a large-scale nonlinear ill-posed problem for which computationally expensive Newton-type methods can become trapped in undesirable local minima, particularly when the initial model lacks a low-wavenumber component and the recorded data lack low-frequency content. A modification to the Gauss-Newton (GN) method is developed to address these issues. The standard GN system for multisource multireceiver FWI is reformulated into an equivalent matrix equation form, with the solution becoming a diagonal matrix rather than a vector as in the standard system. The search direction is transformed from a vector to a matrix by relaxing the diagonality constraint, effectively adding a degree of freedom to the subsurface offset axis. The relaxed system can be explicitly solved with only the inversion of two small matrices that deblur the data residual matrix along the source and receiver dimensions, which simplifies the inversion of the Hessian matrix. When used to solve the extended-source FWI objective function, the extended GN (EGN) method integrates the benefits of model and source extension. The EGN method effectively combines the computational effectiveness of the reduced FWI method with the robustness characteristics of extended formulations and offers a promising solution for addressing the challenges of FWI. It bridges the gap between these extended formulations and the reduced FWI method, enhancing inversion robustness while maintaining computational efficiency. The robustness and stability of the EGN algorithm for waveform inversion are demonstrated numerically.
Establishment of Twinning Partnership to Improve Pediatric Radiotherapy Outcomes Globally
Authors: Ali Naba , Amare Elias , Fekadu Adugna , Awol Munir , Kayode Oluwatosin , Gebresenbet Molalgn , Nasir Keyru , Dresser Sean A. , Schriebmann Eduard , Seife Edom , Esiashvili Natia
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

Pediatric radiotherapy is a necessary and challenging component of oncologic care for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Collaboration between institutions in LMICs and high-income countries (HICs) has been shown to be effective in improving oncologic treatment outcomes; however, literature regarding pediatric radiotherapy twinning partnerships is limited.

METHODS

Emory University has a long-standing twinning collaboration with Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) for certain medical specialties. After securing institutional funding, a faculty member and a resident from the Emory University Department of Radiation Oncology set out to establish a twinning program with TASH for pediatric radiotherapy.

RESULTS

Emory and TASH faculty and residents established initial communications virtually via email and video correspondence. TASH residents and faculty completed surveys regarding pediatric radiotherapy institutional and educational needs to outline goals of collaboration. Five lectures and case-based practicums were identified focused on Wilms tumor, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and palliative radiotherapy. The Emory team then conducted a visit to TASH during which lectures and practicums were delivered. The Emory team directly observed and guided simulation and treatment planning procedures. TASH residents practiced decision making, simulation, contouring, and field placement for Wilms tumor cases on the basis of didactics and feedback provided by the Emory team. Additionally, a needs assessment regarding pediatric oncologic resources was completed. Clinical care pathways and standard operating procedures were drafted by collaborators. Virtual peer-review sessions were established to continue collaborations abroad and plan for next in-person visit.

CONCLUSION

Collaborative efforts by global experts have helped to establish and improve treatment protocols for childhood cancer. The presented twinning experience may serve as a model for other LMIC and HIC centers for establishing similar partnerships.
Machine Learning to Allocate Palliative Care Consultations During Cancer Treatment
Authors: He Jiang Chen , Moffat Gordon Taylor , Podolsky Sho , Khan Ferhana , Liu Ning , Taback Nathan , Gallinger Steven , Hannon Breffni , Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Chan Kelvin K.W. , Grant Robert C.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

For patients with advanced cancer, early consultations with palliative care (PC) specialists reduce costs, improve quality of life, and prolong survival. However, capacity limitations prevent all patients from receiving PC shortly after diagnosis. We evaluated whether a prognostic machine learning system could promote early PC, given existing capacity.

METHODS

Using population-level administrative data in Ontario, Canada, we assembled a cohort of patients with incurable cancer who received palliative-intent systemic therapy between July 1, 2014, and December 30, 2019. We developed a machine learning system that predicted death within 1 year of each treatment using demographics, cancer characteristics, treatments, symptoms, laboratory values, and history of acute care admissions. We trained the system in patients who started treatment before July 1, 2017, and evaluated the potential impact of the system on PC in subsequent patients.

RESULTS

Among 560,210 treatments received by 54,628 patients, death occurred within 1 year of 45.2% of treatments. The machine learning system recommended the same number of PC consultations observed with usual care at the 60.0% 1-year risk of death, with a first-alarm positive predictive value of 69.7% and an outcome-level sensitivity of 74.9%. Compared with usual care, system-guided care could increase early PC by 8.5% overall (95% CI, 7.5 to 9.5;
P
< .001) and by 15.3% (95% CI, 13.9 to 16.6;
P
< .001) among patients who live 6 months beyond their first treatment, without requiring more PC consultations in total or substantially increasing PC among patients with a prognosis exceeding 2 years.

CONCLUSION

Prognostic machine learning systems could increase early PC despite existing resource constraints. These results demonstrate an urgent need to deploy and evaluate prognostic systems in real-time clinical practice to increase access to early PC.
“Through Death’s Wilderness”: Malaria, Seminole Environmental Knowledge, and the Florida Wars of Removal
Authors: Elliott C. R.
Published: February 2024

For more than fifty years the United States waged wars of removal in Florida against the Seminole Indians. This article unpacks how the Seminoles deployed their knowledge about Florida’s environment and, crucially, an understanding of American fears about Florida’s environment to resist removal and the loss of territory. Taking Seminole movement, home construction, and language and placing it in dialogue with sources from soldiers and settlers involved in the wars, this article reveals a new facet of Indigenous resistance to colonial violence, rooted in relationships with the natural world. Finally, this essay recasts disease in the history of Native North America as potentially liberatory, as different lifeways exposed different populations to mosquitoes and their diseases.
Adult zebrafish as advanced models of human disease
Authors: White Richard M. , Patton E. Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

Modelling adult diseases to understand their aetiology and progression, and to develop new therapies, is a major challenge for medical biology. We are excited by new efforts in the zebrafish community to develop models of adult diseases that range from cancer to heart, infectious and age-related diseases, and those that relate to toxicology and complex social behaviours. Here, we discuss some of the advances in the field of zebrafish models of adult disease, and where we see opportunities and challenges ahead.
Scaling relationships between human leg muscle architectural properties and body size
Authors: Son Jongsang , Ward Samuel R. , Lieber Richard L.
Published: February 2024

A skeletal muscle's peak force production and excursion are based on its architectural properties that are, in turn, determined by its mass, muscle fiber length and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). In the classic interspecific study of mammalian muscle scaling, it was demonstrated that muscle mass scales positively allometrically with body mass whereas fiber length scales isometrically with body mass, indicating that larger mammals have stronger leg muscles than they would if they were geometrically similar to smaller ones. Although this relationship is highly significant across species, there has never been a detailed intraspecific architectural scaling study. We have thus created a large dataset of 896 muscles across 34 human lower extremities (18 females and 16 males) with a size range including approximately 90% and 70% of the United States population height and mass, respectively, across the range 36–103 years. Our purpose was to quantify the scaling relationships between human muscle architectural properties and body size. We found that human muscles depart greatly from isometric scaling because muscle mass scales with body mass1.3 (larger exponent than isometric scaling of 1.0) and muscle fiber length scales with negative allometry with body mass0.1 (smaller exponent than isometric scaling of 0.33). Based on the known relationship between architecture and function, these results suggest that human muscles place a premium on muscle force production (mass and PCSA) at the expense of muscle excursion (fiber length) with increasing body size, which has implications for understanding human muscle design as well as biomechanical modeling.
Seed mass and seed resources – testing the defense trade-off hypothesis in woody plants
Authors: Dylewski Łukasz , Adamczyk Dawid , Żytkowiak Roma , Jagodziński Andrzej M.
Published: February 2024

Physical and chemical defenses of seeds are essential for plant survival and reproduction. By protecting their seeds from herbivores and other threats, plants can ensure that their offspring have a bet­ter chance of surviving and growing into adult plants. Plant seed-size variation can affect their ability to allocate defense resources and nutrients. Smaller seeds tend to contain fewer resources and are likely to be more constrained in resource allocation to defense or to nutrient supply for the germinating seedling than larger seeds. In this study, we hypothesized that (1) the trade-off between physical and chemical defenses and reserve materials (in this study TNC content) in seeds is related to the allocation of those resources to seeds, 2) the direction of allocation of these resources is mediated by seed size. Based on seeds of 77 woody plant species collected in the Kórnik Arboretum located in western Poland, we measured several physical and chemical seed traits: seed mass, total phenols, tannin content, crude fiber, lignin content, and total non-structural carbohydrates. We revealed that chemical defense (phenol content) and total non-structural carbohydrates increased with seed mass, whereas physical defense (fiber content) had the opposite effect. We found that the trade-off between physical and chemical defense in plants was often mediated by seed size.
Sentiment analysis of internet posts on vaccination using ChatGPT and comparison with actual vaccination rates in South Korea
Authors: Park Sunyoung
Published: February 2024

Background This study used ChatGPT for sentiment analysis to investigate the possible links between online sentiments and COVID-19 vaccination rates. It also examines Internet posts to understand the attitudes and reasons associated with vaccine-related opinions. Methods We collected 500,558 posts over 60 weeks from the Blind platform, mainly used by working individuals, and 854 relevant posts were analyzed. After excluding duplicates and irrelevant content, attitudes toward and reasons for vaccine opinions were studied through sentiment analysis. The study further correlated these categorized attitudes with the actual vaccination data. Results The proportions of posts expressing positive, negative, and neutral attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines were 5%, 83%, and 12%, respectively. The total post count showed a positive correlation with the vaccination rate, indicating a high correlation between the number of negative posts about the vaccine and the vaccination rate. Negative attitudes were predominantly associated with societal distrust and perceived oppression. Conclusions This study demonstrates the interplay between public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines as expressed through social media and vaccination behavior. These correlations can serve as useful clues for devising effective vaccination strategies.
Changing the paradigm for primary research dissemination
Authors: Farley Ashley , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Hnatkova Eva , de Jonge Hans , Joseph Heather , Kiley Robert , King Ruth , Lawrence Rebecca
Published: February 2024

The predominant research publishing system is not equitable by design, nor optimised to advance research to create knowledge and ultimately to benefit society. Open Research Central (ORC) was created to foster the re-imagination of the research dissemination system to facilitate trust, transparency and equitable participation. In five years of operation, before dissolving, the non-profit organisation produced outputs and learnings valuable to the development of a responsible research dissemination system. We are sharing our experience in the hope that it will provide others who share the same vision and goals with useful materials to build on. We think that there remains a need for global, cross-stakeholder exploration to build collective understanding of research validation and dissemination and to pilot solutions. However, as this article will explore, enabling and supporting the development of such a collective voice and consequent action is a challenging endeavour in the current landscape and funding environment.
Children's behavioural and emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Born in Bradford COVID-19 mixed methods longitudinal study
Authors: Badrick Ellena , Moss Rachael H. , McIvor Claire , Endacott Charlotte , Crossley Kirsty , Tanveer Zahrah , Pickett Kate E. , McEachan Rosemary R. C. , Dickerson Josie
Published: February 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to a multitude of immediate social restrictions for many across the world. In the UK, the lives of children and young people were quickly impacted when COVID-19 restrictions led to school closures for most children and restrictions on social interactions. The Born in Bradford COVID-19 longitudinal research study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of children and their families living in Bradford. Methods Surveys were administered during the first wave of the pandemic (March to June 2020) and compared to findings from before the pandemic. The current study examined the social and emotional wellbeing of children from before to during the pandemic, measured using the parent completed Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Regression analyses looked at associations between a range of social determinants of health and changes in SDQ scores. Results The results showed that those children most likely to experience difficulties during the pandemic were boys, younger children, those from White British ethnicity (compared to Pakistani heritage children) and those living in the most deprived areas. There were associations between experiencing difficulties and: food insecurity; financial worry; getting below recommended levels of physical activity; and having less than the recommended amount of sleep. Conclusions The effect of COVID-19 restrictions are likely to have had negative consequences on children that could, in time, have long-lasting impacts on the health, wellbeing and development of children in the UK.
The genome sequence of the spotted cranefly, Nephrotoma appendiculata (Pierre, 1919)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Wawman Denise C. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Nephrotoma appendiculata (the spotted cranefly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tipulidae). The genome sequence is 1,138.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.42 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,753 protein coding genes.
Outdoor Cossack Games: Preserving Traditional Culture in Ethnopedagogy
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu.
Published: February 2024

The article reveals the traditions of folk pedagogy for the civic-patriotic education of the younger generation, the formation of their physical culture, strength and stamina, preparation for labor, and, if necessary, for military activities based on the practice of the Kuban Cossacks. Active Cossack games are considered as one of the means of physical and moral education of a child - the future successor of the Cossack traditions. Examples of various outdoor games are given, the conditions and features of their organization with primary schoolchildren are described.
Is certain food and nutrients associated with the risk of lung cancer? A systematic review
Authors: Wesołowska Katarzyna , Kargul Kinga , Pelczar Magdalena , Puszka Dorota , Dyczek Maria , Kasprzak Karolina , Poręba Małgorzata , Krasoń-Orłowska Ewa , Piasny Marta , Lew Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

This review explores the intricate relationship between dietary factors and lung cancer risk based on a thorough examination of relevant literature and articles. The findings highlight a significant association between specific dietary elements and lung cancer risk. Increased intake of fiber, fruit, and vitamin C is linked to a notable 9% reduction in risk, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, vegetables exhibit a risk reduction for current smokers, while offal, red meat, and processed meat may elevate risk, especially in heavy smokers. Contradictory evidence surrounds dairy products, with fermented dairy inversely correlated. Beer and cider consumption are associated with an increased risk, primarily among current smokers. In contrast, avocados demonstrate a promising link to decreased lung cancer risk. Vitamin K intake shows an inverse relationship, particularly in males and ever smokers. High retinol intake may elevate risk, potentially modifying the effects of tobacco exposure. Nuts consumption is significantly linked to reduced lung cancer risk and overall cancer mortality. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) demonstrate a noteworthy risk reduction for lung cancer, with supplementation improving overall survival in patients with the disease. Palmitic acid, a component of saturated fatty acids, is implicated in promoting lung metastasis, emphasizing the intricate nature of dietary influences on cancer. In summary, while lung cancer is primarily associated with tobacco smoking, this review underscores the multifaceted interplay between diet and lung cancer risk. Further research is crucial to unravel underlying mechanisms and provide definitive evidence on the impact of specific dietary factors, emphasizing the importance of continued exploration in this complex field.
“What did I Eat?”: Misrecognition and the Neocolonial Picaresque in Ousmane Sembène’s Mandabi and Mrinal Sen’s Interview
Authors: Sudershan Suvij
Published: February 2024

Abstract: While the international reach and political energy of the Third Cinema movement is widely acknowledged, its aesthetic modes and forms have received less attention. This essay hopes to provide such an understanding through a comparative analysis of two Third Cinema films—Mrinal Sen’s Interview (1971) and Ousmane Sembène’s Mandabi (1968). Using the category of the picaresque, the essay examines how neocolonial domination informs the postcolonial atmosphere in the two aforementioned works. It reflects on the economic and political aspects of Indian and Senegalese independence and then studies how the two films engage with their respective sovereign states and their colonial pasts within the affective realm of “cruel optimism.” Through an analysis of characterization, cinematography, and narrative arrangement, this essay unearths an array of similarities between these works, indicating a larger formal constellation through which Third Cinema works produced political meaning for their audiences.
不定冠词“个”与江西上饶广丰话的三种无定名词短语
Authors: 张 庆文 , 江 翠
Published: February 2024

摘要: 作为吴语西部地区的分支方言，江西上饶广丰话在表达无定语法意义时与其他方言有很大不同：除了常见的“一量名”短语和省略数词“一”形成的“量名”短语外，广丰话还可使用“个量名”短语。从音系、句法和语义三个角度对“一量名”和“个量名”短语的观察发现，虽然广丰话中的“一”和“个”还保留了数词“一”的解读，但就语法性质而言，它们都基本上演化为了不定冠词。从“个量名”的句法表现可以推测，“个”的不定冠词用法是通用量词语法化的结果，这与之前发现的“量名”短语在许多方言中表有定意义、量词正逐渐演化为准定冠词的情况完全不同，可看作是对汉语方言指称系统和量词语法研究的重要补充。“一量名”和“个量名” 短语目前在广丰话中处于两者共存，相互竞争的局面，这一情况应该是广丰话同时受到上饶话和闽北、闽中地区方言影响的结果。 ABSTRACT: As a variety of west Wu dialect, Guangfeng dialect of Shangrao, Jiangxi is distinctive from others in indefiniteness encoding: Aside from “ ieʔ 5 ‘one’-Classifier-N” and “Classifier-N” phrases frequently observed in other dialects, Guangfeng dialect also takes “ kɤʔ 5 (个)-Classifier-N” phrases to encode indefiniteness. Phonological, syntactic and semantic examinations of the three types indefinite noun phrases suggest that ieʔ 5 ‘one’ and kɤʔ 5 are indefinite articles though their quantity interpretations remain. What is striking is that kɤʔ 5 (个) in “ kɤʔ 5 (个)-Classifier-N” has been grammaticalized into an indefinite article from a general classifier, which is in contrast with the previous findings that “Classifier-N” phrases are used to encode definiteness and classifiers in this structure is being changed into a quasi-definite article. This finding is an important supplement to the studies of the referentiality system of Chinese dialects and the grammatical properties of classifiers. Currently, “ ieʔ 5+classifier+noun” and “ kɤʔ 5+classifier+noun” phrases co-exist in Guangfeng dialect and are competing with each other. Such a situation is assumed to be the consequence of language contact among Guangfeng dialect, Shangrao dialect and dialects in northern central areas of Fujian.
The Postcolonial and the Post-Traumatic: Specters and Syndromes of White Feminist Canon
Authors: Scuro Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Following Namita Goswami’s call for a “non-antagonistic understanding of difference” in Subjects That Matter: Philosophy, Feminism, and Postcolonial Theory (2019), I want to challenge the canon of white feminism that still lingers in the emerging discourses on trauma care and trauma recovery, specifically utilizing concepts from Critical Disability Theory and, to some degree, Critical Trauma Studies. As Joy DeGruy asks in Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome [PTSS]: “debilitating beliefs and assumptions are . . . part of the legacy of trauma. . . . How are such effects of trauma transmitted through generations?” and in the spirit of Spivak’s aesthetic education as Goswami cites her, I make an effort here to “bring to crisis” the meaning of trauma, beyond its psychotherapeutic connotations, especially as it may be rooted in the collective, as well as to demonstrate the connections between the inherited trauma of anti-black oppression to the legacy of slavery. This challenge begs the following questions: whose trauma matters? And to what end?
Can the Transsexual Speak?
Authors: deLire Luce
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Can the Transsexual speak? I investigate this question through the case of Ella Nik Bayan who self-immolated in Berlin (Germany) on September 14, 2021. I first argue that this self-immolation is unreadable within the current frameworks of Western democracies. The case, however, paradigmatically demonstrates that emancipation within the confines of neoliberal capitalism can only be read under the pretense of a toxic protection. I then move on to claim that Ella Nik Bayan’s self-immolation calls for a completely different political order from the one we currently inhabit, which, with Namita Goswami, I call “ heterogeneous .” I argue that heterogeneous politics is a politics of radical hospitality that opposes institutions of private property in particular. Unlearning private property means to pre-enact a world without the kind of racist, transmisogynist, and antisemitic violence that killed Ella Nik Bayan. Anti-capitalist hospitality sets out to create the social and cultural resources that enable a world beyond (such) violence.
High-contrast coercive field engineering for periodic poling of RbKTiOPO4 with Ba2+/K+ ion-exchange
Authors: Barrett Laura , Lee Cherrie S. J. , Zukauskas Andrius , Laurell Fredrik , Canalias Carlota
Published: February 2024

We investigate a new method of coercive field engineering for periodic poling of RbKTiOPO4 (RKTP). By ion exchanging RKTP in a molten salt containing 7 mol% Ba(NO3)2 and 93 mol% KNO3 we achieve more than an order of magnitude difference in polarization switching time between the exchanged and non-exchanged regions. This method is used to fabricate periodic gratings of 2.92 µm in 1 mm thick bulk RKTP for second harmonic generation at 779 nm with a normalized conversion efficiency of 2%/Wcm. We show that the poled domain structures are stable at 300 °C, and that there is no bulk refractive index modification associated with the periodic ion exchange.
Multimode Waveguide Shape Sensing
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Wang Yufei , Li Zilong , Su Lei
Published: February 2024

Optical fiber shape sensing are important measurement technologies in applications such as healthcare, structural monitoring and robotics. Current state-of-the-art optical fiber shape sensing requires complex sensor structures and interrogation systems. We recently demonstrated that the multimode fiber (MMF) output speckles contain its geometric shape information of the MMF itself. In this paper, we will introduce our recently progresses in this direction, including using machine learning in a proof-of-concept three-dimensional (3D) multi-point deformation sensing via a single MMF, and soft waveguide-based shape sensing. Our results show that a single MMF/soft waveguide based deformation sensor possesses the advantage in terms of system simplicity and sensitivity. It has the potential in deformation monitoring or shape-sensing applications.
110-m range, 600-Hz refresh rate dynamic strain measurement by using phase-noise-compensated OFDR
Authors: Ogu Ryota , Tanimura Daiki , Zhang Chao , Ito Fumihiko , Yoshimura Yuichi , Aoshika Hiroyuki , Imai Michio
Published: February 2024

We report on dynamic strain measurements using OFDR, with a refresh rate of 600 Hz and a maximum dynamic strain measurement of 100 Hz over a distance >100 m.
Novel low-temperature fiber sensing technique using Brillouin scattering in gas
Authors: Yang Yuting , Soto Marcelo A. , Thévenaz Luc
Published: February 2024

Brillouin scattering in gases shows the unique property to offer an enhanced temperature sensitivity at very low temperatures. This attractive solution for cryogenic systems is justified theoretically and validated experimentally.
Fiber optic sensors, in the commercial perspective, here and there in Korea
Authors: Lee YunSook , Koh TaeHyun , Song KwangYong , Koh YeonWan
Published: February 2024

The fiber optic sensors have two major markets: the inertial senor and the distributed sensor. Here, we will focus on the actual commercial products being sold in Korea, and examine their applications and case examples.
Distributed Vibration Sensor Based on Mode Coupling in Weakly Coupled Multi-Core Fibers
Authors: Cheng Chen , Zhao Can , Chen Junda , He Huan , Li Yuqi , Tang Ming
Published: February 2024

We propose a distributed vibration sensor (DVS) mechanism based on mode coupling in weakly coupled multicore fibers (MCFs), achieving 5 kHz to 20 kHz frequency response, -35 dB detection sensitivity and 22 m spatial resolution.
Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis with 2 MHz sampling rate capable of monitoring the strain wave propagation along an optical fiber
Authors: Song Kwang Yong , Kim Ju Hyun , Youn Jae Hyeong
Published: February 2024

High-speed Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis is demonstrated using lock-in-free balanced detection of orthogonally-polarized probe sidebands. The proposed system enables polarization-independent measurement on local Brillouin gain spectra at a sampling rate of 2 mega samples per second (2 MSa/s) with a spatial resolution of 5 cm. The full distribution map of Brillouin frequency along a 5.2 m standard single-mode fiber is acquired with a 10 kHz repetition rate and 144 sampling points. This high-performance system allows for the analysis of axial strain wave occurrence and propagation along a stretched optical fiber, induced by the popping noise of a powered speaker.
Performance Analysis of Compressive Sensing Applied to Distributed Brillouin Sensing
Authors: Diaz Felipe , Soto Marcelo A.
Published: February 2024

A performance analysis of compressive sensing in distributed Brillouin sensors is reported. Results demonstrate that applying compressive sensing to under-sampled Brillouin spectra has no real benefits, and similar performance is reached by simple parabolic fitting.
CYTOP polymer optical fiber FBG implants for temperature sensing of the brain
Authors: Sui Kunyang , Ioannou Andreas , Meneghetti Marcello , Li Guanghui , Berg Rune W. , Kalli Kyriacos , Markos Christos
Published: February 2024

The development of an accurate and reliable brain temperature measurement, using a flexible low optical loss CYTOP POF Bragg grating, is realized. The grating is directly inscribed at the POF tip using femtosecond laser pulses.
Relative Humidity Sensing by Polymer CYTOP/XYLEX FBGs: Gamma Radiation Tuning of Sensing Properties
Authors: Chapalo Ivan , Gusarov Andrei , Ioannou Andreas , Chah Karima , Pospori Andreas , Kalli Kyriacos , Mégret Patrice
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate RH sensitivity tuning for polymer CYTOP/XYLEX FBGs by gamma irradiation. We present the dependency of RH sensitivity versus the irradiation dose, and confirm RH sensing with no temperature cross-sensitivity.
Single-mode Sapphire Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor
Authors: Wang Mohan , Salter Patrick S. , Payne Frank P. , Shipley Adrian , Dyson Igor N. , Wang Tao , Zhang Kaihui , Zhang Jian , Jia Zhitai , Morris Stephen M. , Booth Martin J. , Fells Julian A. J.
Published: February 2024

Sapphire fiber is intrinsically multimoded, resulting in poor precision sensors. We demonstrate a 4-cm single-mode sapphire fiber with a Bragg grating temperature sensor and a standard-fiber tail, operating up to 1200°C.
Miniaturized all-fiber photoacoustic spectroscopy with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Ma Jun , Fan Enbo , Liu Haojie , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: February 2024

We reported a miniaturized single-fiber photoacoustic spectrometer for high spatiotemporal-resolution sensing and imaging of ppb-level gas molecules, with three orders of magnitude reduction of the sampling volume to picoliter and response time to 20 ms.
Nanocomposite-coated optical fibres for improved distributed sensing performance in harsh environment
Authors: Tow Kenny Hey , Alomari Sandy , Claesson Åsa , Neves Tiago
Published: February 2024

Draw tower fabrication of a novel optical fibre with nanocomposite polymer coating is reported. Preliminary results show it is more robust to high-temperature ageing, and moisture-induced strain than standard polymer fibres when used for distributed sensing.
Silicon Photonic Distributed Acoustic Sensing Interrogator
Authors: Jin Zhicheng , Chen Jiageng , Chang Yanming , Liu Qingwen , He Zuyuan
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate an integrated interrogator for distributed acoustic sensing on the silicon-on-insulator platform, whose performance is comparable to the discrete system.
Characteristics of hetero-core fiber optic high-temperature sensor with multilayer of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and poly-L-lysine
Authors: Nishiyama Michiko , Ida Junichi , Watanabe Kazuhiro
Published: February 2024

We propose a hetero-core structured fiber optic high-temperature sensor with a multilayer of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and poly-L-lysine. A simple fabrication process of fusion splicing, layer-by-layer method, and annealing successfully demonstrated the proposed sensor.
Multi-core Fibers as a Technological Platform for Distributed Twist Sensing
Authors: Orsuti Daniele , Aitkulov Arman , Cappelletti Martina , Schenato Luca , Magarotto Mirko , Santagiustina Marco , Antonelli Cristian , Mecozzi Antonio , Hayashi Tetsuya , Galtarossa Andrea , Palmieri Luca
Published: February 2024

We show how uncoupled-core multi-core fibers for telecom applications can serve as a technological platform for polarization-based distributed twist sensing. We report successful experimental results based on polarization-sensitive reflectometry on a 500-m-long fiber link.
Frequency response enhanced swift frequency-scanning φ-OTDR using symmetrical LFM scheme
Authors: Chen Can , Lin Zhonghong , He Huan , Yao Yucheng , Zhao Zhiyong , Tang Ming
Published: February 2024

Novel distributed vibration sensing utilizing frequency-scanning φ-OTDR based on a symmetrical linear frequency modulation (LFM) of laser is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated, enabling frequency response enhanced vibration measurement in engineering applications.
High sensitivity fiber optic sensor based on draw tower grating for seawater temperature measurement
Authors: Pan Zhen , Liu Hanjie , Wang Lixiong , Fan Dian , Zhou Ciming
Published: February 2024

In this letter, a high sensitivity fiber optic sensor based on draw tower grating (DTG) is proposed to measure the temperature of seawater. The sensing component is a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) formed by cascading two DTGs with a distance of 50 meters. The temperature signals are demodulated by using the phase measurement method. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor can achieve temperature measurement in real time and exhibit good linear response to changes in temperature with the sensitivity of 11545 rad/°C. Due to the ultra-weak reflection properties of DTG, the sensing system is expected to achieve quasi-distributed measurement of large-scale seawater temperature, which has some prospects for application in marine engineering.
Improved thermal monitoring in particle accelerators using FBGs: first insights from the iPipe Project in LHC Run 3
Authors: Fienga Francesco , Marrazzo Vincenzo Romano , Sito Leonardo , Beni Noemi , Szillasi Zoltan , Irace Andrea , Zeuner Wolfram , Salvant Benoit , Buontempo Salvatore , Breglio Giovanni
Published: February 2024

Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, are planning to increase the intensity of circulating particle beams. However, this upgrade faces challenges due to beam-induced heating that can lead to operational issues and component damage. To address this, suitable monitoring systems are required. Fiber Optic Sensing using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) has gained popularity in the High Energy Physics domain. This study focuses on iPipe, a monitoring system based on FBGs installed in the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment since 2015. FBG sensors offer advantages such as immunity to optoelectronic noise, intensity modulation, and radiation-induced losses. The iPipe system was recently upgraded and is currently acquiring data during LHC Run 3. The initial analysis of this data is presented in this paper.
A highly sensitive optomechanical liquid level meter based on a twin-microbottle resonator
Authors: Asano Motoki , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Hajime
Published: February 2024

A cavity optomechanical sensor of liquid level is demonstrated using a twin-microbottle resonator, which is a glass fiber optomechanical prober. The minimum resolution estimated from the frequency stability reaches (9.6±0.3) × 10-12 m as a result of using an optomechanical phase locked loop with a bandwidth of 5 Hz. This small optomechanical liquid level sensor with a high level of resolution could be used to resolve tiny fluctuations in an air-liquid or liquid-liquid interface for chemical and biological sensing.
Low-coherence photothermal interferometry for ultra-sensitive gas sensing with remarkable stability
Authors: Hong Yingzhen , Bao Haihong , Chen Feifan , Jiang Shoulin , Zheng Kaiyuan , Zhao Shuangxiang , Ho Hoi Lut , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Jin Wei
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate ultra-sensitive gas detection with remarkable long-term stability using low-coherence photothermal interferometry. With a 10-cm-long hollow-core fiber, we achieve sub-ppb level acetylene detection with stability of ±0.038%, which outperforms the state-of-the-art fiber gas sensors.
Optimizing the Broadband Source-Driven Resonant Fiber-Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Junyi , Wang Yuxin , Wang Hewei , Liu Lu , Ma Huilian
Published: February 2024

We optimized the fiber-optic ring resonator used in the broadband source-driven resonant fiber-optic gyroscope and reported the latest gyroscope test results with bias stability ranging from 1°/h to 450µ°/h when using different fiber coil lengths.
Hydrogen Sulphide Detection Using a Fibre Optic Platform
Authors: Baghapour Shaghayegh , Nehema Jasmine , Zhang Wen Q. , Warren-Smith Stephen C. , Hickey Shane M. , Plush Sally E. , Afshar Sharaam
Published: February 2024

In this study a fibre-optic platform for detecting hydrogen sulphide in aqueous media was developed. The fibre tip was coated with a synthesised fluorescent probe which showed a fluorescence intensity enhancement upon H2S exposure. XPS confirmed coating uniformity and presence.
Suppression of temperature-dependent spectral power fluctuations in multimode FBG
Authors: Wang Kun , Kishizawa Kazuya , Noda Kohei , Dong Xingchen , Kurz Wolfgang , Koch Alexander W. , Lee Heeyoung , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

We show that the temperature-dependent spectral power fluctuations in multimode fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) can be mitigated by use of a reflectometric configuration with suppressed modal interference, leading to higher-stability temperature sensing.
Fabrication of Lattice-Like Waveguides in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
Authors: Kefer Stefan , Pape Natalie , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf
Published: February 2024

This work demonstrates the femtosecond laser-based fabrication of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymers. An overview of the fabrication process is provided and waveguiding in the C-band is proven via optical near-field analysis.
Enhanced opto-mechanical sensing based on phase perturbation analysis of optical forward cross-scattering
Authors: Li Tianfu , Ba Dexin , Jiang Taofei , Li Hongwei , Ren Yuli , Chen Chao , Dong Yongkang
Published: February 2024

An enhanced method for opto-mechanical sensing is proposed, and a fiber segment of 8cm in liquids is identified using Sagnac interferometer, which is an order of magnitude improvement over the previous extreme performance of 80cm.
Repeatability of Wavenumber Sweep Nonlinearity of a DFB Diode Laser for Application in Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Esquivel-Hernandez J. , Martinez-Manuel R. , Valentin-Coronado L. , Shlyagin M. , LaRochelle S.
Published: February 2024

We propose to use the high-repeatability of nonlinearity in the optical frequency sweep of a DFB diode laser to eliminate the need of an auxiliary interferometer for reducing the nonlinearity of a sensing system.
Hetero-Core Fiber Optic pH Sensor coated with Gold Nanoparticles Immobilized in pH-sensitive Multilayer of Poly-L-Lysine and Poly-Glutamic Acid
Authors: Banerjee Deepro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Seki Atsushi , Nishiyama Michiko
Published: February 2024

Development and comparative study of a hetero-core fiber optic pH sensor coated with AuNPs immobilized in polymer multilayers to sense change of pH values in a given range for different numbers of polymer layers.
Real-Time Vibration Measurement with Low Reflectance Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays Using High-Speed Wavelength-Swept Laser
Authors: Kawashima Hiroto , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Matsuda Hiroki , Shinoda Yukitaka
Published: February 2024

We developed a real-time vibration measurement system using low-reflectance fiber Bragg-grating (FBG) arrays with a high-speed, wavelength-swept laser whose sweep bandwidth, center wavelength, and sweep rate were 60 nm, 1550 nm, and 50 kHz, respectively. Twenty FBGs were multipointed by combining wavelength-division-multiplexing and time-division-multiplexing using these arrays. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility of real-time vibration measurement with 20 FBGs with a temporal resolution of 10 μs.
High Sensitivity Hot-Wire Anemometer with Surface-Frosted Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Tang Yuhan , Yang Jing , Zhang Jiarui , Lv Dajuan , Xiong Liangming , Dong Xinyong
Published: February 2024

A high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) hot-wire anemometer is achieved by using a surface-frosted and silver-coated FBG. Sensitivity enhancement up to 313% is achieved when compared with that of the no-frosted anemometer.
Fiber Optic Current Sensor Based on Resonance Frequency Difference Detection
Authors: Zhang Sizhe , Liu Qingwen , Zhao Shuangxiang , Deng Yuanpeng , He Zuyuan
Published: February 2024

A fiber optic current sensor based on resonance frequency difference detection is proposed. A maximum relative error of 0.2% and current accuracy of 0.5 A is realized over a measurement range of 400 A.
High-density Optical Fiber Sensing Network for Tri-axial Strain with Temperature Compensation
Authors: Xu Cheng , Long Junqiu , Yan Guofeng , Rao Yunjiang
Published: February 2024

An optical fiber sensing network for tri-axial strain measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which has the capacity of temperature compensation and the potential to achieve the density of more than 4000 sensors/m2.
Stimulated Raman scattering effect compensation in coded Raman optical time domain reflectometry system
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Zhisheng , Hong Xiaobin , Wu Jian , Soto Marcelo A.
Published: February 2024

We identify the presence of distortions in coded Raman distributed temperature sensors caused by backward amplified spontaneous Raman scattering induced by long code sequences. A compensating method is proposed and demonstrated to increase temperature accuracy.
Time-expanded ΦOTDR based on Orthogonal Polarization Frequency Comb generation
Authors: Sevillano Pascual , Preciado-Garbayo Javier , Izquierdo David , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Fernández-Ruiz María R.
Published: February 2024

An electro-optical common path architecture based on the generation of orthogonal polarization dual frequency comb is used in time-expanded phase-sensitive-OTDR. An enhanced temporal stability and a reduction of the transmitter complexity are achieved while maintaining the performance in resolution.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Data Analysis based on Learning Algorithm for Coal Conveyor Belt Monitoring: Development and Field Test
Authors: Kim Huioon , Kim Young Ho , Jung Hyoyoung , Lee Donjung , Kim Myoung Jin
Published: February 2024

This paper presents fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system with a learning-based algorithm for detecting and locating abnormal events along the length of a coal conveyor belt. Real field experiment results are also described.
Pulse Shape-Induced Global Phase Crosstalk in Heterodyne DAS
Authors: Lauber Thomas , Catalan Francesca Celine , Wilma Kevin , Cedilnik Gregor , Lees Gareth
Published: February 2024

The performance of a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) depends on the spectral properties of the probe light used. This involves the coherence properties of the light source as well as the envelope of the emitted pulses. Here, we discuss phase errors and crosstalk that arise from pulse shape side lobes exceeding the heterodyne frequency shift.
Fading Suppression of Distributed Acoustic Sensing Systems Based on Polarization-multifrequency Diversity Fusion
Authors: Xie Lang , Wu Mingsong , Wang Yuehui , Bai Jingcheng , Rao Yunjiang , Wu Yu
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a polarization-multifrequency diversity fusion method to address the fading problem in distributed acoustic sensing systems. This method significantly reduces the probability of fading events to only 0.1%.
Brillouin-based PON monitoring using ERA-BOTDA with differential width pairs of frequency-swept pump pulses
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Mizuno Yosuke , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a Brillouin-based loss distribution measurement for passive optical networks that uses differential width pairs of frequency-swept pump pulses; it can suppress the crosstalk of large loss events expected in an 8-branched splitter.
Simplified scanning-free Rayleigh-Brillouin distributed fiber-optic sensing system based on double sideband modulation
Authors: Huang Linjing , Fan Xinyu , He Zuyuan
Published: February 2024

We propose a simplified multi-parameter distributed fiber-optic sensing system that is scanning-free and immune to coherent fading. The system achieves a temperature measurement range of 462 °C and sub-meter spatial resolution for vibration measurement.
In-situ Temperature and Humidity Measurement in PEM Fuel Cells with Off-the-shelf FBG
Authors: Rostan K. , Kruglov R. , Seiß V. , Thiel S. , Eichelbaum M. , Engelbrecht R.
Published: February 2024

We propose a cost efficient fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for measuring temperature and humidity in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The multiparameter sensor works with two conventional FBG and achieves an RMSE better than 0.45°C and 4.8 %RH.
Optical Hybrid system with Three-Component Optical Accelerometer and Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Deep Seismic Observation System
Authors: Yamate Tsutomu , Ikeda Toshiharu , Asai Yasuhiro , Hirayama Yoshiharu , Yoshida Minoru , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

A new seismic observation system with three-component optical accelerometer and optical fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) was developed. The system operates more than one year at 105 deg.C and measured distant earthquakes.
Distributed acoustic sensing high precision target source localization based on array phase correction
Authors: Yang Junqi , Wang Zhaoyong , Liu Yifan , Shuai Luwei , Ye Lei , Wu Bingyan , Gao Kan , Ye Qing , Cai Haiwen
Published: February 2024

A high-precision target source localization method for distributed acoustic sensing is proposed. The preliminary experiment verifies that the average localization accuracy is 2.58m. This scheme greatly improves the localization accuracy of common optical cables.
Design of a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Plasmonic Sensor for Refractive Index Detection
Authors: Jibon Rayhan Habib , Wang Zhe , Rout Anuradha , Wang Zhuochen , Semenova Yuliya
Published: February 2024

A novel design for a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensor is proposed and its sensitivity and measurement resolution have been theoretically investigated for analytes with a wide range of refractive indices.
Exploiting Complex Light Propagation in Multimode Fibers for Multi-Point Sensing
Authors: Smith Darcy L. , Nguyen Linh V. , Reja Mohammad I. , Ottaway David J. , Warren-Smith Stephen C.
Published: February 2024

Light propagation in multimode fiber is highly sensitive to the environment, but the complex output makes quantitative analysis difficult. We leverage machine learning to perform quantitative multi-point temperature sensing directly with the multimode interference spectrum.
Pressure sensing in Ti3C2Tx MXene photothermal actuated nanomechanical resonator
Authors: Wan Zhen , Li Cheng , Huang Chuanxue , Zhou Wei , Liu Yang , Fan Wenjing
Published: February 2024

The Young’s modulus of Ti3C2Tx MXene membrane was extracted to 18 GPa, and the proposed MXene photothermal resonator with a pressure sensitivity of 24.2 kHz/kPa in the range of 0.005~100 kPa was demonstrated.