bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical factors for involvement in customers’ product development: an SME perspective
Authors: Flankegård Filip , Johansson Glenn , Granlund Anna
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify critical factors that influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) suppliers’ involvement in their customers’ product development and contrast these with the factors identified from the customer perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A multiple case study approach was used, including four companies. Data were collected through 32 semi-structured interviews, six workshops and documents.

Findings

A model is presented that merges this study’s nine identified critical factors with seven critical factors from the customer perspective. The model provides a dual perspective of supplier involvement in product development, wherein the supplier and customer perspectives are concurrently addressed. Some factors are unique for the supplier, but several mirror those on the customer side.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on data from SME suppliers in Northern Europe. As it is expected that SME companies are more constrained by limited resources, future studies could study critical factors at larger suppliers.

Practical implications

Customers and suppliers having insights about the critical factors can provide better conditions for product development for the other actor; for example, when evaluating customer–supplier integration.

Originality/value

The presented model of critical factors provides a more nuanced picture of supplier involvement in product development as prior research has been biased toward the customer perspective. This study emphasizes the importance of contextual information that has been unnoticed in the literature.
Monitoring fluid saturation in reservoirs using time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Mardan Amir , Giroux Bernard , Fabien‐Ouellet Gabriel , Saberi Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2023

Monitoring the rock physics properties of the subsurface is of great importance for reservoir management. For either oil and gas applications or CO2 storage, seismic data are a valuable source of information for tracking changes in elastic properties which can be related to fluids saturation and pressure changes within the reservoir. Changes in elastic properties can be estimated with time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion. Monitoring rock physics properties, such as saturation, with time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion is usually a two‐step process: first, elastic properties are estimated with full‐waveform inversion, then the rock physics properties are estimated with rock physics inversion. However, multiparameter time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion is prone to crosstalk between parameter classes across different vintages. This leads to leakage from one parameter class to another, which, in turn, can introduce large errors in the estimated rock physics parameters. To avoid inaccuracies caused by crosstalk and the two‐step inversion strategy, we reformulate time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion to estimate directly the changes in the rock physics properties. Using Gassmann's model, we adopt a new parameterization containing porosity, clay content and water saturation. In the context of reservoir monitoring, changes are assumed to be induced by fluid substitution only. The porosity and clay content can thus be kept constant during time‐lapse inversion. We compare this parameterization with the usual density–velocity parameterization for different benchmark models. Results indicate that the proposed parameterization eliminates crosstalk between parameters of different vintages, leading to a more accurate estimation of saturation changes. We also show that using the parameterization based on porosity, clay content and water saturation, the elastic changes can be monitored more accurately.
Rethinking Postwar Liberalism: The Road to 2010 and Beyond
Authors: Sloman Peter
Published: April 2023

The nineteenth and early twentieth century Liberal Party has been well served by British political historians. By contrast, research on the post‐1945 Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats has become a specialised field, with strong empirical foundations (including in biographies and political science work) but few connections with the larger narratives that historians tell about postwar Britain. This article explores how the story of the ‘long Liberal revival’ from the late 1950s to the 2010–15 coalition might be reintegrated with contemporary historiography, including debates about deindustrialisation, class dealignment and the rise of ‘popular individualism’. It argues that careful attention to the nature and limits of Liberals’ political agency can help us understand the changing meaning and significance of third‐party politics in Britain.
Mitigating the “Cobra Effect” when pursuing organizational resilience
Authors: Zighan Saad
Published: April 2023

This paper is a systematic literature review of organizational resilience. It aims to identify the reasons for the unintended consequences that may occur when organizations pursue resilience and how these unintended consequences could be mitigated. The analysis of 68 articles published between 2017 and 2022 indicates that organizations could have unintended consequences when pursuing organizational resilience, resulting from the organizational resilience conceptualization, models, practices, levels and the paradox of change. Consequently, several unintended consequences may arise when implementing a resilience strategy. This includes lessened leadership effectiveness, the pursuit of unrealistic objectives, low organizational creativity and innovation, overreliance on a single strategy, compromised values, fragile relationships, a short‐term focus and organizational culture. Therefore, the overall construct aspects of organizational resilience should be researched and analyzed further by gathering additional empirical data that sheds more light on these issues. Aside from the challenge of defining and measuring organizational resilience, there is variability in how organizational resilience is developed. It has also been operationalized in various ways, with limited insight into empirical methods to identify resilience against future hardships. Although the notion is promising, it has been criticized for being ambiguous and lacking a uniform explanation, diminishing its relevance for practice.
Racial Diversity Exposure and Firm Responses Following the Murder of George Floyd
Authors: BALAKRISHNAN KARTHIK , COPAT RAFAEL , DE LA PARRA DANIELA , RAMESH K.
Published: April 2023

George Floyd's murder caused many firms to reveal how exposed they are to racial diversity issues. We examine investor and firm behaviors after this socially significant event to provide evidence on the valuation effects of the exposure and ensuing corporate responses. We develop a text‐based measure of a firm's exposure to racial diversity issues from conference call transcripts and find that, after the murder of George Floyd, firms with diversity exposure experience a stock price decrease of approximately 0.7% around the date of the conference call. We provide evidence that this effect is attributable to race‐related exposure and not gender‐related exposure. Initiatives taken by firms mitigate the negative market reaction. We document that firms with racial diversity exposure respond by appointing Black directors. The stock market views appointments of Black directors more favorably after George Floyd's murder, except when they are perceived as symbolic. We also find that firms with greater exposure to racial diversity are more likely to establish diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) departments, appoint DEI leaders, specify diversity goals, increase supply chain diversity, and donate to racial justice causes. Our paper provides evidence that exposure to racial diversity issues adversely affects firm value, and companies address the exposure by taking actions.
Celiac disease and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hansen Susanne , Osler Merete , Thysen Sanne Marie , Rumessen Jüri J. , Linneberg Allan , Kårhus Line Lund
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Previous studies have indicated that patients with celiac disease (CD) may have an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. However, large‐scale epidemiologic studies on the topic are still scarce. We aimed to examine the association between CD and development of neuropsychiatric disorders during an 18‐year follow‐up period.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study. All Danish patients with an incident diagnosis of CD (ICD‐10 K90.0) from 2000 to 2018 were identified in nationwide registries and compared with birthdate‐ and sex‐matched controls (variable 1:10 ratio) for the development of a neuropsychiatric disease. Individual neuropsychiatric diseases were also examined. The absolute risk was calculated by the cumulative incidence, and the relative risk was estimated in Cox regression models.

Results

We identified a cohort of 6329 patients with CD diagnosed from 2000 to 2018 and 63,287 matches at risk for developing incident neuropsychiatric disorders. The cumulative incidence of development of any neuropsychiatric disorder was 3.9%, 14.9%, 24.8%, 35.9% after 1, 5, 10, and 15 years of follow‐up, respectively, in patients with CD compared with 1.8%, 9.3%, 18.3%, and 27.0% in controls. Gray's test for equality p < 0.001. The relative risk was HR = 1.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.49–1.68) in CD patients compared with matches. For the individual outcomes, CD was associated with an increased relative risk of developing anxiety, depression, eating disorders, epilepsy, migraine, and stress. We also found indications of an increased relative risk of ADHD, alcoholism, bipolar disorders, and drug abuse, although the associations were less clear. No associations were found between CD and dementia, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.

Conclusions

In this nationwide study including more than 6000 patients with CD, we found an increased risk of development of a neuropsychiatric disorder compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The causes and the clinical relevance of these associations remain to be elucidated.
Climatic, geographic and anthropogenic factors shape the structure of bat–fruit networks in the Neotropical region
Authors: Ligo Ana Beatriz , Laurindo Rafael de Souza , Faria Lucas Del Bianco , Gregorin Renato
Published: April 2023

Natural and anthropogenic environmental gradients are associated with changes in species richness, abundance and resource use. There is increasing interest in understanding how the structure of interaction networks varies along environmental gradients, but most studies have focused on bird–plant networks, while studies on mutualistic networks formed by other vertebrate groups are scarce. Here, we compiled a database of 48 bat–fruit networks distributed in the Neotropical region and evaluated the influence of annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, latitude, altitude and human impacts on nestedness, modularity, specialization, interaction diversity and species richness. Furthermore, we characterized the distribution of the roles of bat species in networks of interactions inserted in different biomes of the Neotropical region. We found that annual mean temperature increased nestedness, but decreased modularity and diversity of interactions. In addition, the diversity of interactions was greater in areas with higher annual precipitation, with less human impact and in lower latitude regions. Plant richness increased in regions with higher annual precipitation, while latitude negatively affected both plant and bat richness. Regarding the role played by bat species, we observed that most species occupy peripheral positions and only 4% of the species acted as connectors. Consistent with previous studies that evaluated other mutualistic systems, we demonstrated that the structure of bat–fruit networks is influenced by climatic, geographic and anthropogenic factors. These findings enhance our understanding of how ecological communities are structured along an environmental gradient and allow us to understand how these systems can be affected by changes in climate and land use.
Revision of Nothepyris Evans, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of four new species
Authors: Colombo Wesley D. , Azevedo Celso O.
Published: April 2023

Nothepyris Evans, 1973 is revised. Six species are recognised, two being previously described species, Nothepyris brasiliensis Evans, 1973 and Nothepyris pretiosus Colombo & Azevedo, 2019, and four species described and illustrated as new, Nothepyris beedrill sp. nov., Nothepyris combee sp. nov., Nothepyris durant sp. nov. and Nothepyris vespiquen sp. nov. The species Nothepyris sulcatus (Azevedo, 1999) syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Nothepyris brasiliensis. For the first time, males of this genus are described, and the morphology of the male genitalia is compared and discussed with other Scleroderminae. An updated taxonomic key to all species for both sexes is presented.
Exploring the range expansion of the yellow‐spotted longhorn beetle Psacothea hilaris hilaris in northern Italy
Authors: Lupi Daniela , Malabusini Serena , de Milato Silvia , Heinzl Alessandro Luigi , Ruzzier Enrico , Bani Luciano , Savoldelli Sara , Jucker Costanza
Published: April 2023

Psacothea hilaris hilaris is an exotic cerambycid detected in Lombardy (northern Italy) in 2005 and now established and undergoing an expansion phase. The species constitutes a serious pest for Ficus spp. and Morus spp.

The aim of this work is to update the distribution area of the species in Italy, investigating its expansion over 16 years. Data were acquired through the authors' direct field records and community science, by data mining on national and international web platforms and social networks. Reports were analysed and GPS points plotted in ArcMap 10.8.1 to obtain distribution maps.

Of the records collected, 34% were acquired during field surveys, 22% via e‐mail and 44% through on‐line forums and social networks.

Adults of P. h. hilaris showed a long period of activity, from April to the beginning of December, with a peak of presence from June to September. The presence of the pest has been ascertained over six provinces in Lombardy covering an area estimated at more than 1750 km2 in 2021. New detections occurred within 2 km of a known infestation from the previous year in 41.6% of cases, and between 2 and 4 km away in 37.7% of cases. The mean rate of range expansion estimated from reported records was 3.17 ± 0.33 km/year from 2010 to 2021. After an initial phase of settlement, the insect is now spreading southward.

Given the relevant phytosanitary interest that the species may have for fig plants in Italy and in the Mediterranean Basin, it is fundamental to deepen the knowledge about its flight biology, dynamics and active dispersal capabilities in order to estimate the future range expansion.
Editorial: Heal thyself—Autologous therapy for perianal Crohn's disease. Authors' reply
Authors: van Ruler O. , Arkenbosch J. H. C. , van der Woude C. J.
Published: April 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Arkenbosch et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17347 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17377
Disparity in high school enrollment between native and immigrant children in Japan
Authors: Hagiwara Risa , Liu Yang
Published: April 2023

Using nonlinear decomposition, this study examines the gap in high school enrollment between native and immigrant children based on data from the 2010 Population Census. The school attendance probability of immigrant children is significantly lower than that of native children. Factors contributing to the gap are the length of stay in Japan, parental employment status, and home ownership. The total explained part of all observable factors is approximately 30% in the comparison between native and immigrant children whose parents are both foreigners. Furthermore, immigrant children who do not attend high school are more likely to be unemployed.
Egg‐laying capacity of parent flock geese at different stocking densities
Authors: Khaziev Danis , Gadiev Rinat , Gayfullina Alfiya , Kosilov Vladimir , Kazanina Marina
Published: April 2023

This article presents the results of studies aimed at establishing the optimal stocking density of purebred and hybrid geese of the parent flock, taking into account the indicators of their live weight and egg production. When conducting research, the stocking density of geese was established depending on the breed and shape. Different stocking densities of geese in groups were achieved due to their different numbers in groups: Kuban 1.2; 1.5; 1.8 birds/m2, large gray 0.9; 1.2; 1.5 birds/m2, hybrid bird 1.0; 1.3; 1.5 birds/m2. It was revealed on the basis of the analysis of the productive qualities of adult geese that the optimal planting density of the Kuban geese is 1.8 heads/m2, large sulfur = 0.9, hybrid = 1.3. The safety of geese at a given stocking density ensured an increase in the safety of geese of the Kuban breed by 95.3%, large gray = 94.0%, hybrid = 97.0%. The live weight of Kuban geese increased by 0.9%, large gray geese = 0.10, hybrids = 1.2, egg production by 0.6%, 2.2% and 0.5%, respectively.
Auditor Assignments and Audit Quality
Authors: Wu Yongliang , Li Zihui , Zhang Min , Zhai Shengbao
Published: April 2023

Given the important role of individual auditors in the audit process, appropriate staffing is an essential issue in audit firms. Using unique audit data for both listed and private companies in China, we define the downward mismatch between auditors and clients as an inappropriate assignment of the engagement auditors who are supposed to serve only private companies, but sign the audit reports of public companies. We find that the downward mismatch leads to poor audit quality. The results are robust to various tests, including using alternative proxies, adopting the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure, and controlling for auditor–client fixed effects and audit firm‐level mismatch. Additional analyses reveal that the negative effect of downward mismatch on audit quality is less pronounced for audit firms with more education and training expenditures, with more informatisation expenditures, and with more partners available. Moreover, this negative effect is more pronounced when clients’ business is more complex. Our findings shed light on the importance of staffing assignment decisions within the audit firm.
Computational flow cytometry provides accurate assessment of measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Nguyen Phillip C. , Nguyen Vuong , Baldwin Kylie , Kankanige Yamuna , Blombery Piers , Came Neil , Westerman David A.
Published: April 2023

Undetectable measurable residual disease (MRD) is associated with favourable clinical outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). While assessment is commonly performed using multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), this approach is associated with limitations including user bias and expertise that may not be widely available. Implementation of unsupervised clustering algorithms in the laboratory can address these limitations and have not been previously reported in a systematic quantitative manner. We developed a computational pipeline to assess CLL MRD using FlowSOM. In the training step, a self‐organising map was generated with nodes representing the full breadth of normal immature and mature B cells along with disease immunophenotypes. This map was used to detect MRD in multiple validation cohorts containing a total of 456 samples. This included an evaluation of atypical CLL cases and samples collected from two different laboratories. Computational MRD showed high correlation with expert analysis (Pearson's r > 0.99 for typical CLL). Binary classification of typical CLL samples as either MRD positive or negative demonstrated high concordance (>98%). Interestingly, computational MRD detected disease in a small number of atypical CLL cases in which MRD was not detected by expert analysis. These results demonstrate the feasibility and value of automated MFC analysis in a diagnostic laboratory.
Chronic alcohol induced mechanical allodynia by promoting neuroinflammation: A mouse model of alcohol‐evoked neuropathic pain
Authors: Borgonetti Vittoria , Roberts Amanda J. , Bajo Michal , Galeotti Nicoletta , Roberto Marisa
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose

Chronic pain is considered a key factor contributing to alcohol use disorder (AUD). The mechanisms responsible for chronic pain associated with chronic alcohol consumption are unknown. We evaluated the development of chronic pain in a mouse model of alcohol dependence and investigate the role of neuroinflammation.

Experimental Approach

The chronic‐intermittent ethanol two‐bottle choice CIE‐2BC paradigm generates three groups: alcohol‐dependent with escalating alcohol intake, nondependent (moderate drinking) and alcohol‐naïve control male and female mice. We measured mechanical allodynia during withdrawal and after the last voluntary drinking. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the protein levels of IBA‐1, CSFR, IL‐6, p38 and ERK2/1 in spinal cord tissue of dependent and non‐dependent animals.

Key Results

We found significant escalation of drinking in the dependent group in male and female compared with the non‐dependent group. The dependent group developed mechanical allodynia during 72 h of withdrawal, which was completely reversed after voluntary drinking. We observed an increased pain hypersensitivity compared with the naïve in 50% of non‐dependent group. Increased IBA‐1 and CSFR expression was observed in spinal cord tissue of both hypersensitivity‐abstinence related and neuropathy‐alcohol mice, and increased IL‐6 expression and ERK1/2 activation in mice with hypersensitivity‐related to abstinence, but not in mice with alcohol‐evoked neuropathic pain.

Conclusions and Implications

The CIE‐2BC model induces two distinct pain conditions specific to the type of ethanol exposure: abstinence‐related hypersensitivity in dependent mice and alcohol‐evoked neuropathic pain in about a half of the non‐dependent mice.
Late‐night salivary cortisol cut‐offs for diagnosis of Cushing syndrome using second‐generation electrochemiluminescence immunoassay kits
Authors: Goyal Alpesh , Attri Bhawna , Gupta Yashdeep , Kalaivani Mani , Jyotsna Viveka P. , Tandon Nikhil
Published: April 2023

Context

Late‐night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is a simple and reliable screening test for Cushing syndrome (CS). With improved analytical performance of the current second‐generation electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA; Elecsys Cortisol‐II; Roche Diagnostics), there is a need to revisit the LNSC cut‐offs, especially in a South‐Asian population.

Objective

To derive LNSC cut‐offs for diagnosis of CS using second‐generation ECLIA kits.

Design

Diagnostic accuracy study.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 155 controls aged 18–60 years, including, normal‐weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2 and no hypertension or diabetes [n = 53]) and overweight/obese (BMI 25–30 kg/m2 and hypertension and/or diabetes [n = 52] or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 with/without comorbidities [n = 50]) participants. All participants submitted LNSC samples collected at home; overweight/obese controls additionally underwent dexamethasone suppression test to exclude CS. We also reviewed records of adults with endogenous CS (cases, n = 92) and a valid LNSC result using the same method.

Results

The 95th percentile for LNSC in controls was 6.76 nmol/L. The mean ± SD LNSC levels were 40.47 ± 49.63 nmol/L in cases and 3.37 ± 1.18 nmol/L in controls (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed excellent diagnostic performance of LNSC for CS, with area under curves (AUCs) of 0.994 (cases vs. all controls) and 0.993 (cases vs. overweight/obese controls), respectively. The best diagnostic performance was achieved at cut‐offs ≥6.73 nmol/L (sensitivity: 97.8%, specificity: 94.8%) and ≥7.26 nmol/L (sensitivity: 97.8%, specificity: 95.1%), respectively.

Conclusions

LNSC measured using second‐generation ECLIA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for CS. Based on this study, we propose a LNSC cutoff ≥6.73 nmol/L to diagnose CS.
Multilevel Robustness for 2D Vector Field Feature Tracking, Selection and Comparison
Authors: Yan Lin , Ullrich Paul Aaron , Van Roekel Luke P. , Wang Bei , Guo Hanqi
Published: April 2023

Critical point tracking is a core topic in scientific visualization for understanding the dynamic behaviour of time‐varying vector field data. The topological notion of robustness has been introduced recently to quantify the structural stability of critical points, that is, the robustness of a critical point is the minimum amount of perturbation to the vector field necessary to cancel it. A theoretical basis has been established previously that relates critical point tracking with the notion of robustness, in particular, critical points could be tracked based on their closeness in stability, measured by robustness, instead of just distance proximity within the domain. However, in practice, the computation of classic robustness may produce artifacts when a critical point is close to the boundary of the domain; thus, we do not have a complete picture of the vector field behaviour within its local neighbourhood. To alleviate these issues, we introduce a multilevel robustness framework for the study of 2D time‐varying vector fields. We compute the robustness of critical points across varying neighbourhoods to capture the multiscale nature of the data and to mitigate the boundary effect suffered by the classic robustness computation. We demonstrate via experiments that such a new notion of robustness can be combined seamlessly with existing feature tracking algorithms to improve the visual interpretability of vector fields in terms of feature tracking, selection and comparison for large‐scale scientific simulations. We observe, for the first time, that the minimum multilevel robustness is highly correlated with physical quantities used by domain scientists in studying a real‐world tropical cyclone dataset. Such an observation helps to increase the physical interpretability of robustness.
Influence of arch location and scanning pattern on the scanning accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete‐arch intraoral digital implant scans
Authors: Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Cascos Rocío , Ortega Rocío , Barmak Abdul B. , Kois John C. , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To measure the influence of arch location and scanning pattern on the accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete‐arch implant scans acquired using an intraoral scanner (IOS).

Materials and Methods

A maxillary (maxillary group) and mandibular (mandibular group) model with 6 implant abutments on each cast was digitized using a desktop scanner (control scans). Six subgroups were created based on the scanning pattern used to acquire the scans using an IOS (Trios 4): occluso‐buccal‐lingual (OBL subgroup), occluso‐linguo‐buccal (OLB subgroup), bucco‐linguo‐occlusal (BLO subgroup), linguo‐buccal‐occlusal (LBO subgroup), zigzag (ZZ subgroup), and circumferential (C subgroup). The control scans were used as a reference to measure the discrepancy with the experimental scans calculating the root mean square error. Two‐way ANOVA and the pairwise comparison Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (α = .05).

Results

Significant discrepancies in trueness (p < .001), precision (p < .001), scanning time (p < .001), and number of photograms (p < .001) were found. The maxillary group obtained poorer trueness and precision values, higher scanning times, and a larger number of photograms than the mandibular group. The C subgroup obtained the best trueness and precision values, but was not significantly different from the OLB, BLO, and LBO subgroups. The ZZ subgroup obtained the worst trueness and precision values (p < .05). The C subgroup obtained the lowest scanning time and number of photograms (p < .05).

Conclusions

Arch location and scanning pattern influenced scanning accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete‐arch implant scans.
From the infant to the geriatric patient—Strategies for inhalation therapy in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hagmeyer Lars , van Koningsbruggen‐Rietschel Silke , Matthes Sandhya , Rietschel Ernst , Randerath Winfried
Published: April 2023

Inhalation therapy represents the standard of care in children, adolescents as well as in young, middle‐aged and geriatric adults with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there are only few recommendations for the choice of inhalation devices, which consider both, age‐specific limitations in young and geriatric patients. Transition concepts are lacking. In this narrative review, the available device technologies and the evidence for age‐specific problems are discussed.

Pressurized metered‐dose inhalers may be favoured in patients who fulfill all cognitive, coordinative and manual power requirements. Breath‐actuated metered‐dose inhalers, soft‐mist inhalers or the use of add‐on devices such as spacers, face masks and valved holding chambers may be suitable for patients with mild to moderate impairments of these variables. In these cases, available resources of personal assistance by educated family members or caregivers should be used to allow metered‐dose inhaler therapy. Dry powder inhalers may be reserved for patients with a sufficient peak inspiratory flow and good cognitive and manual abilities. Nebulizers may be indicated in persons who are either unwilling or unable to use handheld inhaler devices. After initiation of a specific inhalation therapy, close monitoring is essential to reduce handling mistakes.

An algorithm is developed that considers age and relevant comorbidities to support the decision‐making process for the choice of an inhaler device.
Trends in and factors associated with parental provision of alcohol to minors in Western Australia, 2013–2019
Authors: Booth Leon , McCausland Tahnee , Stafford Julia , Kennington Kelly , Pettigrew Simone
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Some parents provide alcohol to their underage children, despite a range of negative outcomes being associated with this practice. The present study aimed to assess factors associated with and changes in parental provision behaviours from 2013 to 2019 in Western Australia.

Methods

Annual cross‐sectional online surveys were conducted (total n = 2635). Assessed variables included parents' demographic characteristics, alcohol use, awareness of the relevant Australian alcohol guideline, attitudes to parental provision of alcohol and provision behaviours. A binary logistic generalised linear model was used to identify factors associated with parental provision of alcohol.

Results

Parental provision of alcohol prevalence decreased from 40% in 2013 to 27% in 2019. The following variables were significantly associated with parental provision: permissive attitudes to provision (β = 2.82); older parental age (β = 1.28); a lack of knowledge of the relevant guideline (β = 0.78); survey year (β = 0.083); and greater alcohol use (β = 1.12). Socioeconomic position was not associated with parental provision. Female parents were more likely to report that an adult in the household provided children with alcohol (β = 1.3)

Discussion and Conclusions

The findings suggest that (i) although still commonplace, parental provision of alcohol to minors in Western Australia has declined over time; and (ii) the effectiveness of campaigns aiming to reduce this behaviour may be enhanced by targeting households with parents who are older and heavier drinkers and by including content that challenges permissive views on alcohol provision to minors.
Adult monarch butterflies show high tolerance to neonicotinoid insecticides
Authors: Prouty Cody , Bartlett Lewis J. , Krischik Vera , Altizer Sonia
Published: April 2023

Numerous studies have documented the negative effects of neonicotinoids on bees; it remains crucial to examine how neonicotinoids affect other non‐target nectar‐feeding insects, such as the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.

Wildflowers growing near agricultural areas can be contaminated with neonicotinoids that affect survival or cause sublethal changes to behaviours of nectar‐feeding insects. Nectar residues of imidacloprid and clothianidin found in milkweeds and wildflowers adjacent to agricultural field range from 0 to 72.8 ng/mL.

At field‐relevant doses, two neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and clothianidin) were studied for their effects on adult monarch survival, reproduction, flight and behaviour. First, we fed adult monarchs artificial nectar solutions ranging from 15 to 386 ng/mL of imidacloprid and 19 to 531 ng/mL of clothianidin. Neonicotinoid ingestion slightly reduced monarch reproduction but had no significant effects on survival, weight change, or activity levels.

Second, we fed monarchs higher clothianidin doses (909 and 4030 ng/mL), that exceed field‐relevant levels by 22 and 99 times. These higher doses reduced monarch nectar consumption, survival, flight performance and reaction time in response to a drop test.

Results show that adult monarchs tolerate field‐relevant doses as high as 54 ng/mL for imidacloprid and 75 ng/mL for clothianidin, with minimal lethal or sub‐lethal effects until much higher doses are supplied. We conclude that adult monarchs are more tolerant of ingested clothianidin and imidacloprid than indicated by previous research.
The relationship of separation anxiety with the age of onset of panic disorder
Authors: Pini Stefano , Milrod Barbara , Baldwin David S. , Schiele Miriam A. , Massimetti Gabriele , Costa Barbara , Martini Claudia , Bandelow Borwin , Domschke Katharina , Abelli Marianna
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether separation anxiety (SA) constitutes a dimension related to age at onset of panic disorder (PD), in homogeneous subgroups of outpatients with PD, based on their age of onset and symptom severity.

Methods

A sample of 232 outpatients with PD was assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) for functional impairments. Separation anxiety was evaluated using structured interviews and questionnaires. We applied a K‐Means Cluster Analysis based on the standardized “PD age of onset” and “the PDSS total score” to identify distinct but homogeneous groups.

Results

We identified three groups of patients: group 1 (“PD early onset/severe”, N = 97, 42%, onset 23.2 ± 6.7 years), group 2 (“PD early onset/not severe”, N = 76, 33%, onset 23.4 ± 6.0 years) and group 3 (“PD adult onset/not severe”, N = 59, 25%, onset 42.8 ± 7.0 years). Patients with early onset/severe PD had significantly higher scores on all SA measures than PD late‐onset/not severe. Regression analyses showed that SA scores, but not PDSS scores, were predictive of impairment in SDS work/school, social life, and family functioning domains.

Conclusions

Our data indicate a significant relationship between SA and PD with an earlier age of onset and an impact on individual functioning. This may have important implications for implementing preventive interventions targeting early risk factors for the subsequent onset of PD.
Clinical and radiological description of 120 pediatric stroke‐like episodes
Authors: Durrleman Chloe , Grevent David , Aubart Melodie , Kossorotoff Manoelle , Roux Charles‐Joris , Kaminska Anna , Rio Marlene , Barcia Giulia , Boddaert Nathalie , Munnich Arnold , Nabbout Rima , Desguerre Isabelle
Published: April 2023

Background and purpose

Stroke‐like episodes (SLEs) are defined as acute onset of neurological symptoms mimicking a stroke and radiological lesions non‐congruent to vascular territory. We aimed to analyze the acute clinical and radiological features of SLEs to determine their pathophysiology.

Methods

We performed a monocenter retrospective analysis of 120 SLEs in 60 children over a 20‐year period. Inclusion criteria were compatible clinical symptoms and stroke‐like lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; performed for all 120 events) with focal hyperintensity on diffusion‐weighted imaging in a non‐vascular territory.

Results

Three groups were identified: children with mitochondrial diseases (n = 22) involving mitochondrial DNA mutations (55%) or nuclear DNA mutations (45%); those with other metabolic diseases or epilepsy disorders (n = 22); and those in whom no etiology was found despite extensive investigations (n = 16). Age at first SLE was younger in the group with metabolic or epilepsy disorders (18 months vs. 128 months; p < 0.0001) and an infectious trigger was more frequent (69% vs. 20%; p = 0.0001). Seizures occurred in 75% of episodes, revealing 50% episodes of SLEs and mainly leading to status epilepticus (90%). Of the 120 MRI scans confirming the diagnosis, 28 were performed within a short and strict 48‐h period and were further analyzed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. The scans showed primary cortical hyperintensity (n = 28/28) with decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in 52% of cases. Systematic hyperperfusion was found on spin labeling sequences when available (n = 18/18).

Conclusion

Clinical and radiological results support the existence of a vicious circle based on two main mechanisms: energy deficit and neuronal hyperexcitability at the origin of SLE.
Diagnosis and management of accelerated idioventricular rhythms in horses
Authors: Williams Louie Elizabeth , Mitchell Katharyn J.
Published: April 2023

Accelerated idioventricular rhythms (AIVR) are increasingly diagnosed in horses, particularly in those with underlying systemic disease. Recognition of these abnormal rhythms is important but specific treatment is often not necessary unless the rhythms become haemodynamically relevant, with AIVR often resolving as the systemic disease improves. The goals of treatment, when indicated, include improving cardiac output, decreasing systemic and myocardial inflammation (if present) and controlling the ventricular rate and rhythm. Identification of any persistent myocardial damage or arrhythmia burden will be important for the prognosis and risk assessment of these patients in the longer term.
Spatially explicit estimate of nitrogen effects on soil respiration across the globe
Authors: Liu Yang , Men Mingxin , Peng Zhengping , Chen Han Y. H. , Yang Yuanhe , Peng Yunfeng
Published: April 2023

Soil respiration (Rs), as the second largest flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, is vulnerable to global nitrogen (N) enrichment. However, the global distribution of the N effects on Rs remains uncertain. Here, we compiled a new database containing 1282 observations of Rs and its heterotrophic component (Rh) in field N manipulative experiments from 317 published papers. Using this up‐to‐date database, we first performed a formal meta‐analysis to explore the responses of Rs and Rh to N addition, and then presented a global spatially explicit quantification of the N effects using a Random Forest model. Our results showed that experimental N addition significantly increased Rs but had a minimal impact on Rh, not supporting the prevailing view that N enrichment inhibits soil microbial respiration. For the major biomes, the magnitude of N input was the main determinant of the spatial variation in Rs response, while the most important predictors for Rh response were biome specific. Based on the key predictors, global mapping visually demonstrated a positive N effect in the regions with higher anthropogenic N inputs (i.e., atmospheric N deposition and agricultural fertilization). Overall, our analysis not only provides novel insight into the N effects on soil CO2 fluxes, but also presents a spatially explicit assessment of the N effects at the global scale, which are pivotal for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in future scenarios with more frequent anthropogenic activities.
What drives customer engagement after a service failure? The moderating role of customer trust
Authors: Honora Andreawan , Chih Wen‐Hai , Ortiz Jaime
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the relationships between complaint handling, customer experience, and customer engagement, as well as the moderating effect of customer trust prior to a service failure. The results were obtained from 320 Indonesian consumers of courier, express, and parcel services. Favourable employee behaviour was found to be the most effective complaint handling effort that influenced customer experience, followed by organizational procedures and then compensation, indicating that positive customer experience led to customer engagement. Additionally, this study revealed that higher levels of customer trust prior to a service failure reduced the positive effects of complaint handling efforts on customer experience. This finding suggests that customers with higher levels of trust in a firm are less sensitive to that firm's complaint handling and recovery efforts. This article contributes to the literature on customer engagement in the service failure and recovery contexts, especially in developing countries. It examines the most influential complaint handling dimensions for predicting customer engagement following service failures. Furthermore, this study is one of the first to explore the moderating role of customer trust in service failure and recovery literature.
A HIGH INCIDENCE OF COUGH ASSOCIATED WITH COMBINATION THERAPY OF HYPERTENSION WITH ISRADIPINE AND USINOPRIL IN CHINESE SUBJECTS
Authors: Woo J , Chan T Y K
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY The efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy using Lisinopril (5 – 20 mg om) and Isradipine (1.25mg – 2.50 mg bd) was assessed in 29/50 Chinese subjects, whose blood pressures were not controlled on Isradipine alone. The addition of Lisinopril produced approximately two‐fold reductions in blood pressure compared to Isradipine alone, increasing the responder rate of the original cohort of 50 subjects by 18% and normalization rate by 32%. No significant changes in haematological or biochemical parameters, CXR or ECG, were observed. However, use of Lisinopril in our subjects was associated with a high incidence of cough (48%), possibly limiting its use in this population.
THE EFFICACY OF CALCIUM MUPIROCIN IN THE ERADICATION OF NASAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CARRIAGE
Authors: Redhead R J , Lamb Y J , Rowsell R B
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY In an open, non‐comparative clinical study conducted at 102 hospitals in the UK and Ireland, 1,510 subjects were treated with 2% calcium mupirocin in a white soft paraffin/Softisan 649 base (Bactroban ‘Nasal‘) during hospital outbreaks of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In most subjects treatment was applied two or three times daily to both anterior nares for three to eight days. Of the 766 assessable subjects, nasal carriage of S aureus was cleared in 744 (97.1%). Initially, MRSA was present in 628 cases (79.4%), and the organism was eliminated in 609 of these (97.0%). Isolates of S aureus were tested for susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics by disc test: of 523 nasal isolates tested against mupirocin, 516 (98.7%) were sensitive.

Treatment was very well tolerated. Adverse events were reported by 22 subjects (1.5%); these were mostly mild local effects and necessitated withdrawal of treatment only in three subjects. The results indicate that topical calcium mupirocin is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment for the eradication of nasal carriage of S aureus, including MRSA.
ON WHICH DAY IS PAIN WORST FOLLOWING ADULT TONSILLECTOMY?
Authors: Molony NC , Santana‐Hernandez D , Wardrop PJ , Armstrong M , Moralee SJ
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Anecdotal evidence from several ENT departments suggests that pain following tonsillectomy is worst on the second and/or third days after surgery. This study tests this hypothesis. A pilot study with 19 subjects suggested this theory might well be true. A fuller study was then carried out on 91 subjects with standardised surgical and anaesthetic techniques, and standardised analgesia for five days postoperatively. Pain on the second and third postoperative days was compared with that eight hours after the operation and on the first, fourth and fifth postoperative days. No statistically significant difference was found. There is increasing pressure for early discharge from hospital after surgery. If pain following tonsillectomy is not going to become worse at home, this will tend to make early discharge more acceptable to patients.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ORAL SILDENAFIL IN THE TREATMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: A DOUBLE‐BLIND, PLACEBO‐CONTROLLED STUDY OF 329 PATIENTS
Authors: Padma‐Nathan H , Steers WD , Wicker PA ,   Sildenafil Study Group
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) were assessed in a 12‐week placebo‐controlled study. Men with ED of organic, psychogenic, or mixed aetiology were randomised to placebo (n=166) or 50 mg sildenafil (n=163), with adjustment to 100 mg or 25 mg based on efficacy and tolerability. Efficacy assessments included a global efficacy question, event log data, and an optional partner questionnaire. At the end of the study, improved erections were reported by 74% of patients receiving sildenafil versus 16% for placebo (p<0.0001). In the final 4 weeks of treatment, 65% of all attempts at sexual intercourse were successful for all patients (responders and non‐responders) receiving sildenafil versus 20% for placebo (p<0.001).The mean number of successful attempts per month was 5.9 for patients receiving sildenafil versus 1.5 for those receiving placebo (p<0.0001). The most common adverse events – headache, flushing, and dyspepsia – were generally mild to moderate in nature and rarely (<1%) a reason for discontinuation of treatment. Oral sildenafil is an effective, reliable and well‐tolerated treatment for ED of organic, psychogenic or mixed aetiology.
THE ‘VASOVAGAL EFFECT’ OF NITRATES: AN UNDER‐RECOGNISED COMPLICATION OF NITRATE USE
Authors: Lydakis C , Chaudary AY , Lip GYH
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYNitrates are useful drugs in cardiovascular medicine. They have a presumed vasovagal effect, which is a rare but often under‐recognised complication that is partly caused by central inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system. However, no consistent variable associated with the presumed vasovagal effects following nitrate administration can be identified, and there are only limited reports of the phenomenon in the literature. In fact, the true prevalence of such a complication is unknown, because no data from observational studies exist, although it would seem likely to be a rare event. A greater awareness and recognition of this unusual effect of nitrate use is necessary in view of the increasing use of nitrates. Fortunately, recovery is generally the rule with supportive management.
A CASE OF CLOFAZIMINE ENTEROPATHY
Authors: Hameed A , Beach FXM , Kennedy RH , Barry RE
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY A case of clofazimine enteropathy is described. A young male received clofazimine 200 mg daily for four years. He was admitted in a pigmented, emaciated state with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. At laparotomy his abdominal organs were stained with dark brown‐black pigment due to heavy infiltration with clofazimine crystals. Despite withdrawal of clofazimine his symptoms failed to settle. He developed oedema and hypoalbuminaemia. He died following a cerebral infarction.