bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activos culturales y ambientales: Una Estrategia de Fortalecimiento de los Saberes Ancestrales los Jóvenes de la Institución Educativa Puerto Rey-Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Lora Verbel Roberto , Flórez Guerrero Brigitte
Published: May 2022

Al ser ligados con los saberes, conocimientos y capacidades acumuladas por la comunidad, los recursos territoriales, culturales y naturales se convierten en activos culturales valiosos. Son acervos que posibilitan iniciativas del desarrollo humano, las cuales generan un valor que trasciende lo económico, pues permiten incorporar las dimensiones cultural y étnica como pilares fundamentales para fortalecer la identidad cultural, el tejido social, el desarrollo ambiental y sostenible. Asimismo, son una apuesta al desarrollo inclusivo, humano y cultural de las comunidades. El análisis de estas variables es el eje de esta investigación, que tuvo como propósito caracterizar los activos culturales y ambientales de la comunidad de Puerto Rey, zona rural de Cartagena de Indias. A partir del análisis de las capacidades y activos que perciben los jóvenes se busca fortalecer los saberes ancestrales e identidad cultural de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Puerto Rey.

El trabajo se realizó siguiendo el enfoque de investigación acción; se partió de la caracterización de los activos culturales y ambientales de la vereda de Puerto Rey a través de instrumentos de recolección de la información como lluvia de ideas y mapa social, con la participación de jóvenes de la institución educativa en mención. Esto facilitó la elaboración de un diagnóstico y la identificación de los activos culturales y ambientales. Lo anterior, permitió un valioso aporte desde la perspectiva del fortalecimiento de capacidades en los jóvenes de la comunidad educativa de Puerto Rey, aspecto central para el enfoque cultural del desarrollo y, por ende, del desarrollo humano.
Siria: genocidio, diáspora, transculturación y transgeneración
Authors: Buitrago Acuña Ramiro , Hernández Buitrago Siria , Portillo de Condoré Isabel , Romero Ramos Nestor
Published: May 2022

El artículo tuvo como propósito, auscultar el trasfondo humano, que desde las sombras es vejado, por las diferentes políticas internas de la Unión Europea y que juegan en contra de los migrantes en general. Comprende un estudio documental, con diseño documental y método hermenéutico-dialéctico, donde la técnica aplicada fue el análisis de contenido, y como instrumentos investigativos fueron aprovechadas la matriz de consistencia, así como también la ficha textual y de comentario. En su montaje se tuvo en cuenta la obra de diferentes autores, entre los que se destacan: Pries (2018), Iglesias (2017), Díaz (2017), Ortiz (2015), Ben-Rafael (2013), Cesca (2012), y otros tantos. Tras la discusión y confrontación de la batería documental intervenida, logró reflexionarse sobre los migrantes que ingresan ilegalmente a Europa desde Asia, lo que ha dado lugar al desarrollo de otros procesos humanos anacrónicos: genocidio, xenofobia, transculturación, transgeneración y discriminación. Concluyendo, pudiera decirse que la diáspora siria, se erige como el evento sociopolítico más complejo en los últimos cinco años, elevando a niveles extremos, la crisis social con lugar en el viejo continente y por qué no, el más claro ejemplo de segregación, desigualdad y desidia del orbe moderno.
¿Progreso o Retroceso? La Cuestión del Desarrollo y la Extracción Minera en los Territorios Indígenas: El Caso de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en Colombia
Authors: Montero Carpio Marisel
Published: May 2022

Nos han hecho creer que la palabra desarrollo es única e inequívoca; que todo lo que su concepto encierra, es un sin fin de condiciones positivas que nos llevan a un mejor estado de cosas, a un mejor vivir; que nos lleva hacia adelante, nos hace avanzar, nos permite mejorar. No obstante, con las incontables luchas y conflictos que hoy se generan dentro de las economías neoliberales y capitalistas, ya no podemos ver el desarrollo de esa forma. Cada vez más se hacen visibles sus oscuros tentáculos que, vistiendo una máscara muchas veces de democracia, civilización, derechos y libertades, se ha convertido en el mayor verdugo de nuestras sociedades, especialmente de nuestros pueblos aborígenes, quienes terminan siendo víctimas históricas de un sistema de ocupación, despojo y desconocimiento del otro. Precisamente, en este ensayo, me propongo hacer una reflexión filosófica y descriptiva de una de las prácticas económicas más ejercidas hoy día en nuestros países latinoamericanos: hablaré de la minería, pero no en general, sino de aquella que se lleva a cabo en comunidades indígenas, para ver cómo el Estado perdió su carácter en este sistema y de cómo bajo la falsa idea de un único progreso, se está llevando a cabo una de las mayores violaciones de derechos humanos en nuestros territorios.
Propiedades Psicométricas del Test PIL en Panamá bajo Condiciones de Confinamiento
Authors: Romero Ramos Nestor , Romero Ramos Oscar , Gonzalez Suarez Arnoldo , Lobach Yulianna
Published: May 2022

El test PIL (Purpose in life) es uno de los principales tests empleados para determinar el vacío existencial. Este trabajo reporta la validación y propiedades psicométricas de la aplicación del test PIL en Panamá durante el estado de confinamiento impuesto por la covid-19. En el estudio participaron 533 voluntarios (38.9 años ± 10.7 años). Se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) con un análisis paralelo (AP) para la extracción de los factores. Se evaluó la consistencia interna con el Alfa de Cronbach; se calcularon los índices de ajuste RMSEA, NNFI, CFI, GFI y RMSR. El AFE indicó una estructura unifactorial con 19 ítems, con una consistencia interna de .92, con índices de ajuste adecuados que justifican a este modelo. Se concluye que el test PIL tiene las propiedades psicométricas
Equipment Reposition Optimization
Authors: Díaz Paola
Published: May 2022

Las líneas marítimas necesitan un flujo continuo de equipos para mantener su servicio, competencia y operaciones en el sector logístico y cadena de suministro. El escenario ideal es lograr que cada contenedor que sea devuelto vacío al recinto portuario sea utilizado para una exportación en un corto periodo de tiempo.  Los costos de reposicionamiento comienzan inmediatamente después que el contenedor ha sido retornado vacío al depósito o recinto portuario y aumentan progresivamente con el paso de los días en caso tal que el mismo no sea utilizado.

Las líneas marítimas asumen estos costos por un periodo de tiempo en base al contrato que tengan con la Terminal Portuaria, pero al final son los productores y consumidores finales quienes pagan el precio de esta sobre estadía que se traduce como una ineficiencia. El problema se genera cuando los analistas de precio cotizan el reposicionamiento del equipo según una regla previamente establecida en lugar de comprender lo que realmente está sucediendo, para así cotizar en base a cada situación particular. Por ende, existe la necesidad de identificar los desequilibrios de los equipos y planificar un reposicionamiento con costos y tiempos de tránsito mínimos. Todo lo anterior nos lleva a la estrategia comercial de tratar de obtener crédito por reposición basado en una exportación desde un recinto donde haya un exceso de equipo hacia uno donde haya una deficiencia y exista una alta demanda del mercado haciendo uso de la tarifa que paga el embarcador. Este estudio busca desarrollar estrategias de optimización de reposición de equipos para beneficiar a una línea marítima regional, con operaciones en Panamá, en aspectos tales como: mejor control de inventario y evitar contribuciones negativas al ganar más volumen de carga como consecuencia de ofrecer tarifas más competitivas.
Developing a Value Proposition Through the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Lindo Mariel
Published: May 2022

Durante la década de 1970, Thomas L. Saaty desarrolló una metodología matemática que permite llegar a una toma de decisiones, denominada proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP), que toma en consideración las alternativas más importantes que se deben manejar para responder o abordar un problema. También considera todos los atributos o criterios lógicos que permiten evaluar si la decisión a tomar es la más eficiente y correcta. Esta investigación aplicada aborda la metodología AHP para recomendar a una aerolínea regional las opciones que deben considerar implementar como beneficios que conformarán su propuesta de valor para sus clientes corporativos, con el fin de incrementar la satisfacción del cliente y revertir los valores de distribución desigual que presenta actualmente.  El estudio también aborda conceptos basados ​​en la estrategia y la ventaja competitiva para el desarrollo de una propuesta integral de toma de decisiones basada en evidencia.
Diversité génétique des cultivars locaux de melon (Cucumis melo L.) collecté au sud tunisien: Valorisation pour un programme de sélection et de conservation génétique
Authors: Elbekkay Mokhtar , Hamza Hammadi , Ferchichi Ali , Djebali Naceur
Published: May 2022

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la diversité génétique des cultivars locaux de melon collecté au sud tunisien. La caractérisation morphologique de 22 cultivars locaux de melon en se basant sur 32 traits a montré qu’ils se distinguent de la variété commerciale Ananas. En effet, les cultivars locaux du Sud se caractérisent par leur précocité, avec des fruits de plus gros calibre et une faible teneur en sucre. La diversité moléculaire des cultivars de melon, évaluée à l'aide de quatre marqueurs RAPD, a montré un taux de polymorphisme global de 95 %. L’analyse ACP selon les trois premiers axes qui résument 54,7 % de la variabilité totale indique une séparation nette entre la variété Ananas et les cultivars locaux. Les corrélations entre les matrices de distance des données morphologiques et des données moléculaires ont montré que les paramètres longueur des fruits, diamètre des fruits, taille de l’attache pistillaire et l’épaisseur maximal de la chair sont significativement corrélés avec plusieurs marqueurs RAPD. Cette étude a montré une nette distinction entre les cultivars locaux de melon et celui commercial, ce qui a un impact pratique par la sélection des cultivars les plus intéressants ou leur utilisation comme géniteurs pour améliorer les variétés commerciales.
Permanencias urbano-arquitectónicas de haciendas y ranchos en el nororiente de Puebla
Authors: González Solís Ariadna Leecet
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo se aborda el proceso de urbanización sucedido en el nororiente de la ciudad de Puebla durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, cuyo resultado fue una superposición de estructuras, que puede ser leída a través de las permanencias urbano-arquitectónicas de haciendas y ranchos que se encuentran inmersas en el tejido urbano actual. El objetivo principal fue analizar el proceso de incorporación del suelo rural a la mancha urbana de la zona nororiente de Puebla, a manera de antecedente al estudio del estado actual de las permanencias urbano-arquitectónicas de haciendas y ranchos; para finalmente plantear alternativas viables de incorporación de estos vestigios, a las necesidades actuales de la sociedad, con el fin de asegurar su permanencia como legado.
La Carta de Venecia en el siglo xxi
Authors: López Morales Francisco Javier
Published: May 2022

La Carta de Venecia (1964) significó hace 50 años un importante paso para la aplicación, en el ámbito mundial, de principios normativos en cuanto a la teoría y la práctica de la restauración arquitectónica. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar y reconocer, a cincuenta años de su promulgación, la importancia e influencia de la Carta de Venecia en la teoría y práctica de la restauración y conservación urbano-arquitectónica. Este estudio es el resultado del análisis deductivo de los hechos que se han evidenciado a lo largo del medio siglo de existencia del documento. Podemos afirmar, que hasta el día de hoy, sus enunciados y definiciones tienen validez universal, gracias a que sus postulados técnicos, marcaron la pauta para que los criterios, la filosofía y los métodos tuvieran una noción más amplia tanto de los monumentos como de los centros históricos y por ende, su consecuente rescate, conservación y puesta en valor. La aplicación de los postulados doctrinales de la Carta de Venecia ha experimentado una tenaz y permanente evolución de conceptos. Estos van desde la manera más vasta de mirar a los monumentos y los sitios patrimoniales, incluyendo al territorio, a los paisajes e itinerarios culturales, hasta las nuevas nociones de rescate, restauración, conservación y salvaguardia, conforme a la transformación de la vida social, económica, cultural y turística de las zonas monumentales, sumándose a esto, el impacto que ha tenido en la formación técnica multidisciplinaria de los responsables de su resguardo.
Valle Melón, J. M. & Rodríguez Miranda, A. (2014). El Monasterio de San Prudencio de Monte Laturce: Pasado, presente y ¿Futuro? ISBN: 978-84-9960-077-2. Logroño, España: Instituto de Estudios Riojanos.
Authors: Hernández García Magalli
Published: May 2022

Las vidas de dos ingenieros apasionados con las nuevas tecnologías coincidieron de forma grata en el proyecto denominado el Monasterio de San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, como parte de su trabajo académico en la Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería de Vitoria-Gasteiz, entre los años 2008-2011.
Rivera Blanco, Javier. (2008). De varia restauratione. 250 p. ISBN: 9788496775275. Abada Editores, Barcelona.
Authors: Fernández Gilbón Paris
Published: May 2022

El concepto “restauración” es relativamente nuevo (en la Alta Edad Media, al desaparecer las razones ideológicas y religiosas que valoraban los templos paganos “desapareció” el concepto) y al igual que su contexto socio histórico el comprenderlos requiere rastrear momentos clave de la historia de la humanidad, pues son en ellos donde se comprenden las implicaciones legales actuales, así como los derechos y obligaciones que nosotros como ciudadanos compartimos con el “académico viajero”.
Canales asociados a una escultura de serpiente
Authors: Jiménez Pérez Joel , Bracamontes Cruz Alicia
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se presentan los límites de un sistema de canales en el barrio de Moyotlan de la Ciudad de México Tenochtitlan a partir de los hallazgos registrados en el predio de Luis Moya 101 en el actual Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el simbolismo que tiene cada uno de los elementos relacionados al canal. Para analizar estos materiales se compararon características de objeto de estudio con otros lugares y se cotejaron con documentos arqueológicos e históricos. La importancia de esta investigación es dar a conocer que este es el único lugar donde se tiene la presencia de una escultura de serpiente asociada a un canal a partir de otras investigaciones en el Barrio de Moyotlan.
Optimización de una técnica para la observación de cromosomas mitóticos de especies de Passiflora L.
Authors: Pereira S. Claudia , I. Honfi Ana , Deginani Norma , Ferrucci María S.
Published: May 2022

La necesidad de optimización de una técnica que permita la visualización de cromosomas mitóticos surgió de resultados poco satisfactorios de otros protocolos de coloración ensayados, tales como técnicas de tinción con ácido acético 45% para observación con microscopio de contraste de fases, hematoxilina acética, orceína acética 2% y carmín acético 2% (sin mordiente). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar una técnica para la observación reiterada de cromosomas mitóticos en raicillas de especies del género Passiflora.
Caracterización cromosómica de especies de Poaceas adventicias del Monumento Natural Tres Cerros, Vallemí, San Lázaro, Concepción, Paraguay.
Authors: Rivarola Sena Ana Clarizza , Rivarola Sena Cynthia D. , Honfi Ana Isabel
Published: May 2022

Se presentan el inventario y la caracterización cromosómica de las especies de gramíneas adventicias del Monumento Natural “Tres Cerros” de Vallemí – San Lázaro (Concepción, Paraguay). El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar los números cromosómicos gaméticos y esporofíticos, y el nivel de ploidía de las especies de Poaceae. Se registraron siete especies de siete géneros pertenecientes a las subfamilias Chloridoideae y Panicoideae. Se presentan nuevos citotipos para Megathyrsus máximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs (2n = 60) y Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka (2n = 34). Se confirmaron guarismos y se presentan los estudios meióticos de Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. (n = 36, 2n = 72), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (n = 9, 2n = 18) y Sorghum sudanense (Pip.) Stapf (n = 10 y 2n = 20). Los resultados obtenidos son una contribución al conocimiento agrostológico y citológico de la flora del Paraguay.
El género Pleurotus (Pleurotaceae-Basidiomycota) en Paraguay
Authors: Flecha Rivas Alma , De Madrignac Barbara , Campi Michelle
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo describe tres especies del género Pleurotus y dos variedades, siendo nuevo registro para el Departamento Central Pleurotus albidus y nueva cita para el país Pleorutus djamour var. cyathiformis, Pleurotus djamor var.roseus y Pleurotus cystidiosus. Se describen los rasgos macroscópicos distintivos de cada especie, las estructuras microscópicas y la posición taxonómica.
Role of Humor in De-escalating Covid Related State Anxiety
Authors: Sandhu Tarika , Kaur Jasbir
Published: May 2022

Humour is a psychological response characterized by the positive emotion of amusement, the appraisal that something is funny, and the tendency to laugh. Humour, is both a source of entertainment and a means of coping with difficult or awkward situations and stressful events. The present study aimed to explore how young adults using different styles of humour experienced COVID related state anxiety.For this purpose data was collected online from young adults in the age range of 20-30 years. The time of data collection on the pandemic timeline in India ranged from 3rd week of April 2020 to 2nd week of May 2020. The spread of COVID pandemic in India at the time of data collection was nearly 1 lakh cases (95,698 as per worldometer.info)). The state anxiety during the COVID 19 situation was assessed with the help of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (1977) by Spielberger. The Humour Style Questionnaire by Martin et al.(2003), was used to assess Adaptive styles of humour (Affiliative humour, Self enhancing humour) and Maladaptive styles of humour (Self- defeating humour and Aggressive humour). The total sample comprised of 100 adults. Results distinctly indicated that young adults high on Adaptive and Maladaptive Humour styles respectively differed significantly on Covid related State Anxiety. Additionally sex differences also emerged on Covid related State Anxiety. Implications of the study point towards the buffer effect of Adaptive humour in dealing with Covid related anxiety.
Iron in Cell Metabolism and Disease
Authors: Prabhakar Eeka
Published: May 2022

Iron is the trace element. We get the iron from the dietary sources. The enterocytes lining the upper duodenal of the intestine absorb the dietary iron through a divalent metal transporter (DMT1). The absorbed ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron in the body. This ferric iron from the blood is carried to different tissues by an iron transporting protein, transferrin. The cells in the tissues take up this ferric form of iron by internalizing the apo transferrin with its receptors on them. The apo transferrin complex in the cells get dissociated resulting in the free iron in cell which is utilized for cellular purposes or stored in the bound form to an iron storage protein, ferritin. The physiological levels of iron are critical for the normal physiology and pathological outcomes, hence the iron I rightly called as double-edged sword. This chapter on iron introduces the readers basic information of iron, cellular uptake, metabolism, and its role cellular physiology and provides the readers with the scope and importance of research on iron that hold the great benefit for health care and personalized medicine or diseases specific treatment strategies, blood transfusions and considerations.
Value-Added Products from Natural Gas Using Fermentation Processes: Fermentation of Natural Gas as Valorization Route, Part 1
Authors: Lackner Maximilian , Drew David , Bychkova Valentina , Mustakhimov Ildar
Published: May 2022

Methanotrophic bacteria can use methane as their only energy and carbon source, and they can be deployed to manufacture a broad range of value-added materials, from single cell protein (SCP) for feed and food applications over biopolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to value-added building blocks and chemicals. SCP can replace fish meal and soy for fish (aquacultures), chicken and other feed applications, and also become a replacement of meat after suitable treatment, as a sustainable alternative protein. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) like PHB are a possible alternative to fossil-based thermoplastics. With ongoing and increasing pressure towards decarbonization in many industries, one can assume that natural gas consumption for combustion will decline. Methanotrophic upgrading of natural gas to valuable products is poised to become a very attractive option for owners of natural gas resources, regardless of whether they are connected to the gas grids. If all required protein, (bio)plastics and chemicals were made from natural gas, only 7, 12, 16–32%, and in total only 35–51%, respectively, of the annual production volume would be required. Also, that volume of methane could be sourced from renewable resources. Scalability will be the decisive factor in the circular and biobased economy transition, and it is methanotrophic fermentation that can close that gap.
Conditional Mutations and New Genes in Drosophila
Authors: F. Chadov Boris , B. Fedorova Nina
Published: May 2022

A new class of mutations of Drosophila melanogaster has been generated with the help of γ-irradiation and a new selection procedure; the mutations were named conditional. According to the data of genetic analysis, these mutations are discrete regions in DNA but are different from the Mendelian protein-coding genes. The genes associated with these mutations are named ontogenes. The general pattern of mutation manifestation matches the pattern characteristic of genetic incompatibility in distant hybridization. Development of monstrosities and the observed meiotic abnormalities suggest that ontogenes control the processes providing the proper spatial cell arrangement and switch-on of protein-coding genes. Ontogenes are active at all stages of the soma’s life cycle and germinal tissue. In the character of their manifestation, the ontogenes correspond to the long noncoding RNAs in molecular genetics. The developed methods for generating mutant drosophila strains allow the manifestation and population dynamics of the mutants for this important group of genes to be studied.
Causes of Malnutrition
Authors: Laelago Ersado Tariku
Published: May 2022

Malnutrition is defined as deficiency or excess of nutrition consumption. It is can be undernutrition and overnutrition. Malnutrition contributed to more than third of child death. There is no single cause of malnutrition. The causes of malnutrition can be categorized as immediate, underlying, and basic. The immediate-level causes of malnutrition comprise inadequate dietary intake and disease conditions. The underlying-level causes include insufficient household food security, inadequate social and care environment and insufficient health service, and unhealthy environment. The basic-level causes of malnutrition consist climate variability and extremes, sociocultural, economic, and political context. Undernutrition is specifically caused by deficiency of energy, vitamin, and minerals. Overnutrition is specifically is caused by overconsumption of energy and micronutrients. The causes of overnutrition are not clearly put in many studies. Therefore, studies that focus on cause of overnutrition should be done by incorporating both developed and undeveloped countries.
A Case Study for Economic Viability of Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in the South of Chile
Authors: Pierre Doussoulin Jean , Salazar Molina Cristina
Published: May 2022

This research evaluated the technical and economic feasibility of a biogas plant in the south of Chile to generate energy (WtE) for the plant’s own consumption, energy for sale to the country’s electricity grid and produce biofertilizer from municipal solid waste (MSW). In the town of Panguipulli, 26 tons of solid waste are produced daily, of which 12 tons correspond to household organic waste. These arrive directly to a landfill, wasting their potential to generate products and energy. To study the economic feasibility, an analysis was carried out on the investment, costs and income that make up the cash flow of the project evaluated at 15 years. The results gave an NPV of 214.099.637 CLP and an IRR of 15% at a real discount rate of 10%, with a payback period of 6 years. The research concluded that it is feasible to design a biogas plant that works from household organic waste in Panguipulli. This will contribute to the mitigation of climate change and will promote circular economy actions and the sustainable management of MSW in the south of Chile.
Management of Olive Tree Fertilization in Morocco
Authors: Bouhafa Karima
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on olive tree fertilization in Morocco: Describe the practices used by olive growers, diagnose the nutritional status of olive orchards and synthesize the different results and the recommendations of research carried out in Morocco around this theme. Before that, a general overview of the olive tree nutrition and its needs in mineral elements as well as the role of each of these nutrients in the olive tree growth and development will be presented. An introduction to the importance given to the olive tree in national agricultural strategies is necessary. The surveys carried out in the Sais region have shown that farmers do not control olive tree fertilization. This affected negatively the soil fertility level and the olive tree’s nutritional status, which were determined through soil and leaf analyzes. From the results of three field trials, carried out in the Fez-Meknes region, it can be concluded that nitrogen and potassium are the two most important elements for the olive tree nutrition and which can affect both its productivity and its quality. The impact of phosphorus on the crop has not been significant, whereas our farmers provide it in high doses compared to the crop’s need.
Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases
Authors: Rai Richa
Published: May 2022

Purine derivatives like adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is the powerhouse of the cell and is essential to maintain the cellular homeostasis and activity. Besides this they also act as a chemical messenger when released into the extracellular milieu because of stress and cellular insult. The extracellular ATP (eATP) as well as its metabolite adenosine triggers purinergic signaling affecting various cellular processes such as cytokine and chemokine production, immune cell function, differentiation, and maturation, and mediates inflammatory activity. Aberrant purinergic signaling had been implicated in several diseased conditions. This chapter will focus on the dynamics of purinergic signaling and immune signaling in driving under various diseased conditions like autoimmunity and infectious disease.
Development of a bead-based assay for detection of three banana-infecting viruses
Authors: Kuan Cheng-Ping , Tsai Chia-Hsin , Tseng Ching-Shan , Yang Tso-Chi
Published: May 2022

Background

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and banana streak virus (BSV) are important banana viruses, there are possible infections frequently with several viruses in field. Since the viruses are readily trasmitted in vegetative propagules, which pose a threat to banana production in banana-growing areas.

Methods

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol combined with LiquiChip analysis to identify BSV, BBTV, and CMV, with consistent amplification of plant ubiquitin (UBQ), the banana plant messenger RNA used as a procedural control. Multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplicons were extended by allele-specific primers, followed by hybridization with carboxylated microspheres containing unique fluorescent oligonucleotides, which were detected using the LiquiChip 200 workstation.

Results

In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous detection method for BSV, BBTV, and CMV using a bead-based multiplex assay that can be applied in routine diagnosis. We demonstrated that this detection system was extremely efficient and highly specialized for differentiating individual in a mixture of viruses while being ten times more sensitive than traditional RT-PCR. The development of this method makes it feasible to detect banana viruses in field collected leaf samples.
Patients and Clinicians Satisfaction with Clinical Laboratory Services at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khadeja BIA , Viswan Santhosh , Kaviyathendral A , Sasikumar Suganya
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Clinical laboratories are an essential part of the health care system providing vital information required for patient’s care. As the importance of monitoring the satisfaction status is becoming necessary and no data regarding the same is available in this region, so present study was designed to implement it in the institution. Aim: To estimate the clinicians and patients satisfaction status with the services provided by the Central Clinical Laboratory, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (CCL-KIMS and RC) in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Central Clinical laboratory, KIMS and RC between April 2019 to December 2019 in three phases including a total of 150 clinicians and 150 patients. The patient’s satisfaction status was assessed using questionnaires by the investigator. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used for the determining the clinician’s satisfaction status. Likert scale was used and the mean score of satisfaction for each, patients and clinician was calculated. Data entry and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 V software. Chi-square test was used to find out the association between satisfaction status and the different attributes. Spearman’s correlation was performed to assess to relationship between the satisfaction status and the different phases of the study. Results: In present study, the mean age of patients was 38.0±11.6 years and clinicians 42.9±8.7 years respectively. Majority of participants among patients were females n=82 (54.7%), and clinicians were males n=105 (70%). Among patients 63.3% were married (n=95), 90% came from the middle category of socioeconomic status (n=135), while 81.3% resided in the semi-urban area n=122. 67.3% of the clinicians (n=101) had an experience of more than three years at KIMS and RC. Overall 87.3% (n=131) of the patients and n=106 (70.7%) of the clinicians were satisfied with the services provided by the central clinical laboratory at KIMS and RC. An improvement in the satisfaction status of the patients and clinicians from phase I to III was observed. Around n=19 (12.7%) and n=44 (29.3%) of the patients and clinicians were dissatisfied with the laboratory services. Conclusion: In the present study, the overall level of patients and clinicians satisfaction status was high and satisfactory. An improvement in the observed satisfaction status from phase I to III was attributed to the trainings given to the laboratory staff on the international standards of laboratory management. Domains like the turn around time, interface of laboratory and hospital information system and waiting time for specimen collection required improvement.
Effects of Ambient Acoustic Noise on Auditory Brainstem Response to Level-Specific Chirp and Click Stimuli in Normal-Hearing Adults
Authors: Dzulkarnain Ahmad Aidil Arafat , Rahed Balqis Aqilah Mat , Shahrudin Fatin Amira , Jamal Fatin Nabilah , Zakaria Mohd Normani
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives: Despite few reports on the influence of ambient acoustic noise on auditory brainstem response (ABR) to click stimuli, its effects on ABR to level-specific (LS) stimuli have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ambient acoustic noise on ABR findings using both LS chirp and click stimuli.Subjects and Methods: Twelve normal-hearing adults participated in this repeated measure design study. The ABRs were acquired at 80, 50, and 30 dBnHL using two stimuli (LS chirp and click) under two conditions (quiet and noise). The ABRs under noise conditions were acquired using babble noise and white noise. The noise level was set at 55 dBA. Two-way repeated measure analysis was used to identify the main effects of the test conditions, stimulus types, and their interactions at a 95% confidence level.Results: No significant influence of ambient acoustic noise on ABR findings was identified at all intensity levels. No significant difference was found in the number of signal averages to reach the 0.04 μV residual noise as stopping criteria among the ABRs recorded with different types of stimuli and test conditions. The ABR waves I and V amplitudes were larger with LS chirp than with click stimulus.Conclusions: Ambient acoustic noise has no significant influence on ABR findings and the ABR test time based on the 55 dBA noise level used in this study.
Local Perception of Climate Variability as a Guide to Weather Forecasting and Farmer Decision Making in Beaniky and Antseky Ambovombe – Androy, Madagascar
Authors: Fidison Rasolondraizafy Jean , Rolland Razafindraibe , Elysé Ranaivoson Rado
Published: May 2022

Showing the reality of climate change at the spatiotemporal scale and understanding its meanings based on readings of local indicators is fundamental knowledge for developing various adaptation strategies in Androy. Specifically, it made an inventory of the biophysical indicators used in decision making on the agricultural calendars. It also characterized the perceptions of the inhabitants on climate change impacts through determining the type of local indicators linked on weather forecasting.The ethnographic field study was conducted with 44 respondents who had not left the localities in the past 10 years and were selected by purposive sampling. Data was further analyzed qualitatively by content analysis given the prevalent use of Likert and Osgood type scales analyses. The data were collected on indigenous perceptions and knowledge of climate, types of indicators and their functioning. The findings showed that 93% of the participants perceived the reality of climate variability. This change exposed the farmers to negatives impacts (100%). Local people possessed high level of climate knowledge (61%) from which they identified main 27 local time markers in the zone of Ambovombe -Androy. This diversity implies that the populations rely mainly on the plant, animal and abiotical indicators present in their immediate environment to direct and adapt their agricultural activities/calendars.
Exclusionary discipline practices and their relation to Chilean students' perception of school climate practices
Authors: López Verónica , Ortiz Sebastián , Ceardi Andrea , González Luis
Published: May 2022

One of the challenges of school climate policies has been to promote dialogical conflict resolution by reducing punitive practices and encouraging student participation. However, exclusionary punitive practices are still being used, and in Chile, they are considered acceptable forms of conflict resolution. In this study, we analyzed the association between students' reports of punitive and democratic school climate in a sample of 2459 eighth graders (mean age = 13.56, SD = 0.84) from 128 Chilean schools. Multilevel analyses showed that a higher perception of punitive practices and higher academic performance were associated with a higher perception of an inclusive, democratic, and peaceful school climate. The perception of a higher school‐level frequency of punishment was associated with a higher perception of an inclusive and democratic school climate. We discuss the implications of these findings for an authoritarian school culture.
Gene Expression Profiles of Treatment Response andNon‐Responsein Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Stingl Cory , Dvergsten Jeffrey A. , Eng Simon W. M. , Yeung Rae S. M. , Fritzler Marvin J. , Mason Thomas , Crowson Cynthia , Voora Deepak , Reed Ann M.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The study objective was to identify differences in gene expression between treatment responders (TRs) and treatment non‐responders (TNRs) diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).

Methods

Gene expression analyses were performed using whole blood messenger RNA sequencing in patients with JDM (n = 17) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 10). Four analyses were performed (A1‐4) comparing differential gene expression and pathways analysis exploiting the timing of sample acquisition and the treatments received to perform these comparative analyses. Analyses were done at diagnosis and follow‐up, which averaged 7 months later in the cohort.

Results

At diagnosis, the expression of 10 genes differed between TRs and TNRs. Hallmark and canonical pathway analysis revealed 11 and 60 pathways enriched in TRs and 3 and 21 pathways enriched in TNRs, respectively. Pathway enrichment at diagnosis in TRs was strongest in pathways involved in metabolism, complement activation, and cell signaling as mediated by IL‐8, p38/microtubule associated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK), Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Gamma (PI3Kγ), and the B cell receptor. Follow‐up hallmark and canonical pathway analysis showed that 2 and 14 pathways were enriched in TRs, whereas 24 and 123 pathways were enriched in treatment TNRs, respectively. Prior treatment with glucocorticoids significantly altered expression of 13 genes in the analysis of subjects at diagnosis with JDM as compared with HCs.

Conclusion

Numerous genes and pathways differ between TRs and TNRs at diagnosis and follow‐up. Prior treatment with glucocorticoids prior to specimen acquisition had a small effect on the performed analyses.
In‐Situ Growth of High‐Quality Customized Monolayer Graphene Structures for Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Fu Jintao , Wang Huawen , Wei Xingzhan , Li Xin , Shi Haofei
Published: May 2022

High‐quality customized monolayer graphene structures are a prerequisite for various applications such as electronics, optoelectronics, and energy devices. Top‐down photolithography is the main method for graphene patterning, but it is greatly affected by complex manufacturing processes and residual photoresist. Recently, bottom‐up methods based on catalyst or precursor patterning have been developed. Although these methods can achieve high‐resolution graphene patterns, it is difficult to control the number of graphene layers and has a high defect density. Here, the authors propose a selective area reconstruction method for in‐situ growth of high‐quality monolayer graphene structures on copper substrates. The method utilizes selective oxidation and high‐temperature reduction technologies, which can effectively regulate the surface characteristics of the copper substrate, thereby precisely controlling the nucleation and growth behavior of the customized graphene structure. The feature size of the fabricated graphene structure is less than 1 µm and it has high monolayer coverage and extremely low defect density. The performance of the photoluminescence device and photodetector based on the customized monolayer graphene structure is characterized. The method provides a new approach for the direct growth of high‐quality, scalable, and high‐precision functional graphene structures, which is expected to have great potential in the optoelectronic applications.
Few‐Layered ReS2@CNTs as a High‐Performance Cathode for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Kun , Lin Xiangyun , Yu Wenjing , Cheng Xiurui , Zhang Shaohua , Li Shuning , Zhang Zhipan
Published: May 2022

With a high theoretical specific capacity of 2978 mAh g−1, rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are considered as promising next‐generation energy storage devices with higher electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, the search for stable cathode materials with outstanding capacity and rate performance remains elusive. In current work, few‐layered ReS2 is in situ grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form the ReS2@CNTs composite. As ReS2 features a large interlayer spacing of ≈0.65 nm, the extremely weak interlayer coupling can effectively reduce the electrostatic repulsion between Al3+ ions and the cathode host, adequately accommodating large amounts of Al3+ ions without significant volume expansion. When it serves as the cathode in the AIB, ReS2@CNTs delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 396.3 mA h g−1 and Coulombic efficiencies of ≈100% both after 250 cycles at a low rate (200 mA g−1) and 10 000 cycles under a higher rate (1 A g−1). Theoretical simulations and ex situ grazing incidence angle X‐ray diffraction results reveal that Al3+ cations can be favorably and reversibly intercalated/deintercalated into the ReS2@CNTs during the discharge/charge process. This work provides new insights into AIB chemistry and paves the way for the development of high‐performance AIBs.
Adsorption behavior modeling of confined hydrocarbons in shale heterogeneous nanopores by the potential theory
Authors: Dong Xiaohu , Luo Qilan , Wang Jing , Liu Huiqing , Chen Zhangxin , Xu Jinze
Published: May 2022

In this article, a new method is proposed to quantificationally evaluate the effect of pore heterogeneity on the adsorption behavior of fluids in nanopores. First, the assumptions of furrowed, sinusoidal, and ravine pore surfaces are proposed to represent the heterogeneous nanopores in shale. Under the assumptions, a multicomponent potential theory of adsorption (MPTA) is coupled with Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) to model the adsorption behavior of hydrocarbons in nanopores. And, the geometrical and chemical heterogeneities in shale nanopores are, respectively, simulated by a spatial alteration and an amplitude deformation on potential energy. The fluid–fluid interaction is modeled by PR EOS, and the fluid‐pore wall surface interaction is simulated by a Steel 10‐4‐3 model for slit‐like nanopores and by a modified Lennard–Jones (LJ) 12‐6 model for cylindrical ones. Thereafter, the results of our theory are compared against the experimental data of shale rocks to validate its accuracy.
Close physical proximity on the job—An exposure matrix
Authors: Vergara Ximena P. , Gibb Kathryn
Published: May 2022

Background

The workplace is a setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission via respiratory droplets and aerosols for those working in close proximity to others. Currently, limited methods exist for assessing SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure. Since occupation serves as a surrogate measure, job exposure matrices (JEMs) can be useful for population‐based exposure assessment for a portion of exposure.

Methods

We developed a JEM to assess physical proximity at work. Scores for questions related to frequency of face‐to‐face discussions, working closely with others, and working with a team were extracted from a US‐based, comprehensive source of descriptive occupational information (Occupational Information Network [O*NET]). We described score distributions using univariate analyses, devised thresholds, and assigned exposure levels for 968 O*NET occupations. Three exposure measures were constructed using combinations of O*NET data, with expert judgment, and accounting for telework. National and California employment estimates were used to assess the workforce proportions by proximity level and demographic characteristics.

Results

We categorized 535 US Census occupations (2010) into four‐level ordinal exposure levels (not close to very close). Overall, an estimated 56% of the California workforce worked in very close proximity, which decreased to 46% when accounting for telework. The occupational groups working very close across all three measures were: healthcare support, healthcare practitioner, food preparation and serving, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance, and protective service occupations. Latinos and women were overrepresented within occupations working in very close physical proximity.

Conclusion

JEMs can inform SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure assessment for epidemiologic studies, assist in resource allocation, and inform prevention strategies.
Risk of breast cancer in Danish women occupationally exposed to organic solvents, including ethanol
Authors: Pedersen Julie Elbaek , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Andersson Michael , Hansen Johnni
Published: May 2022

Background

Organic solvents have been suggested to increase the risk of breast cancer although the epidemiologic evidence is limited. This study explored the association between organic solvents and breast cancer.

Methods

This nested population‐based case‐control study comprised 845 women with primary breast cancer initially identified in the Danish Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2003, and 1500 controls matched on year of birth who were randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Information on occupational exposure to organic solvents, and specifically ethanol, as well as risk factors for breast cancer was collected through structured interviews.

Results

For organic solvents, an increased risk was indicated for ever‐exposure (odds ratio = 3.20, 95% confidence interval: 2.27–4.52), however, no noteworthy risk patterns were detected when exploring duration of exposure and cumulative exposure. Ever‐exposure to organic solvents was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor negative and positive tumors as well as pre‐ and postmenopausal breast cancer. No associations were detected between occupational exposure to ethanol and breast cancer.

Conclusions

This study indicates a positive association between organic solvents and breast cancer.
A Rationally Designed Building Block of the Putative Magnetoreceptor MagR
Authors: Yang Peilin , Cai Tiantian , Zhang Lei , Yu Daqi , Guo Zhen , Zhang Yuebin , Li Guohui , Zhang Xin , Xie Can
Published: May 2022

The ability of animals to perceive guidance cues from Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation has been supported by a wealth of behavioral experiments, yet the nature of this sensory modality remains fascinatingly unresolved and wide open for discovery. MagR has been proposed as a putative magnetoreceptor based on its intrinsic magnetism and its complexation with a previously suggested key protein in magnetosensing, cryptochrome, to form a rod‐like polymer structure. Here, we report a rationally designed single‐chain tetramer of MagR (SctMagR), serving as the building block of the hierarchical assembly of MagR polymer. The magnetic trapping experiment and direct magnetic measurement of SctMagR demonstrated the possibility of magnetization of nonmagnetic cells via overexpressing a single protein, which has great potential in various applications. SctMagR, as reported in this study, serves as a prototype of designed magnetic biomaterials inspired by animal magnetoreception. The features of SctMagR provide insights into the unresolved origin of the intrinsic magnetic moment, which is of considerable interest in both biology and physics. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.