bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PASTURE LAND IN THE YASHALTA DISTRICT OF KALMYKIA
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov, Konieva Galina Nagashevna , Ivanova Vera Ivanovna ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov
Published: October 2024

The basis of the forage base of most regions of the Republic of Kalmykia is natural lands. The current state of natural pastures in the republic is due to the specifics of natural and climatic and anthropogenic factors. In our work, we consider the main types of steppe vegetation, which are used as natural pastures in the Republic of Kalmykia. Among them, drought-resistant, salt-tolerant and grazing-resistant perennial herbs and subshrubs, many annuals, ephemers and ephemeroids predominate. Formation of the productivity of forb-ephemeral vegetation, the representatives of which are: kermeks (Limonium platiphyllum, L. sareptanum), blueheads (Eringium planum, E. campestre), kahris (Cachrys odontalgica), ferulas (Ferula caspica, F. nuda), tulips (Tulipa biebersteiniana, T. biflora, T. gesnerii), bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa) and others, begins in the second half of April, reaching a maximum of 5.9 ... 6.7 c/ha in May. The high productivity of pastures of the grass-wormwood plant community up to 9.8 c/ha is provided by Austrian wormwood (Artemisia austriaca), white wormwood (Artemisia lersheana), Welsh fescue (Festuca valesiaca), Lessing's feather grass (Stipa lessingiana), prutnyak (Kochia prostrata), yarrow tansy (Tanacetum achilleifolium), sage (Salvia desertorum, S. stepposa, S. aethiopis) and others. The productivity of the chamomile-fescue community in dry years ranges from 2.0 to 5.3 c/ha, in wet years - 5.4...11.2 c/ha and is characterized by a smooth course with a maximum falling on one of the summer periods. The dominant community is the compound chamomile (Pyrethrum millefolium), edificators are feather grass (Stipa capillata, S. ucrainica, S. lessingiana), fescue (Festuca valesiaca), thin-legged slender (Koeleria cristata) and others.
AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHESTNUT SOILS OF ARABLE LANDS OF CENTRAL TUVA
Authors:   Tuva State University, Huurak Albert Vladimirovich , Kanzvaa Svetlana Otuk-oolovna ,   Tuva State University, Kuzhuget Sayyn-Belek Nikolaevich ,   Tuva State University
Published: October 2024

The territory of the Republic of Tyva belongs to the arid zone and the availability of soil moisture is one of the main factors in the cultivation of crops. The amount of precipitation according to the average annual data for the year is 140-220 mm. The agrophysical properties of the soil, including water, arable lands of Tuva are little studied. In this regard, the study of water-retaining properties of arable soils is relevant. The article presents the results of studies on the water properties of chestnut soils of three main agricultural regions of the republic: Kyzylsky, Tandynsky and Piykhemsky, as well as the nature of precipitation in these areas. Determination of the content of physical clay and sand, which affect the water-retaining properties of the soil, showed that the soils of the Tandyn district are the most clayey (the content of physical clay was 52-66%), and the soils of the Kyzyl district were sandy, where the content of physical sand was more than 70%. The high content of both sand and clay negatively affects the water permeability of the soil. The soils of the Kyzyl district have the highest water permeability of 128-179 ml of water in 1 hour, the lowest water permeability of the soil of the Tandyn district is 5-11 ml. In the first case, there is a flushing mode, in the second – stagnation of water. The highest water capacity is observed on the soils of the Pii-Khem district, then in the soils of the Kyzyl district, and the slowest moistening is observed on the soils of the Tandyn district. Such a low water capacity can negatively affect the growth and development of plants when there is a drying of the upper root-inhabited soil layer in the absence of precipitation and hot weather characteristic of the climate of the republic. The presence of clay fraction in the soil has a positive effect on the moisture capacity of the soil. Thus, in the soils of the Tandyn and Pii-Khem districts, the moisture capacity was almost 2 times higher compared to the moisture capacity of the soils of the arable lands of the Kyzyl district.
IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF IRRIGATION WITH A WIDE-COVERAGE SPRINKLER TECHNIQUE BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE "IRRIGATION NORM – SOIL – SPRINKLER MACHINE" SYSTEM
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Zhuravleva Larisa Anatolyevna , Popkov Igor Anatolyevich ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Magomedov Murad Salmandibirovich ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev
Published: October 2024

Currently, the issue related to land reclamation is relevant due to the annual commissioning of new irrigated areas. However, most irrigation equipment is outdated and does not meet the modern requirements of irrigation technology. It is necessary to simultaneously modernize the old-style sprinkler equipment and design, create a new generation of equipment, modifications that expand operational capabilities and increase work efficiency. The most important factors of the competitiveness of modern wide-coverage sprinkler equipment are such indicators as productivity and reliability, energy intensity and environmental safety of the irrigation process. A feature of the operation of sprinkler machines is that the supporting surface during operation is moistened, and with significant watering rates, waterlogged soils. The aim of the work was to increase the environmental safety of irrigation with a wide-coverage sprinkler technique by improving the design and technological parameters based on experimental and theoretical studies of the "irrigation norm-soil-sprinkler machine" system. The research program included determining the irrigation rate before runoff, comparing the standard and proposed irrigation technology with a sprinkler machine. In the presented studies, based on the relationship of the irrigation norm - soil - sprinkler system, a method for adjusting the irrigation norm to ensure environmental safety was presented, the ratios of the design parameters of the water supply pipeline, span lengths and types of running systems were optimized, depending on the irrigation norms, the bearing capacity of the soil and the flow rate. The regularities of the process of track formation throughout the irrigation season during watering with different norms are revealed and recommendations for the choice of running systems are given.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR SOWING SMALL SEED CROPS USING A RUSSIAN UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Olenin Oleg Anatolievich , Zudilin Sergey Nikolaevich ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Melnikov Pavel Vladimirovich ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop a technology for ultra-early sowing of small-seeded cold-resistant crops using an unmanned aerial system with a Russian-made suspended seeder. In 2018, laboratory tests were carried out on the suspended seeder - spreader "G - 1" made in China as part of the unmanned aerial system (UAS) "OSA HEXA" based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of the OSA hexacopter (developer and manufacturer - BOZON LLC ", Moscow city). During the testing, significant design flaws of the Chinese G - 1 seed drill were identified, on the basis of which it was concluded that the suspended agricultural machine was unsuitable for field work in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The development department of the BOZON company was recommended to carry out a deep modernization of the G-1 seeder in order to eliminate the identified shortcomings. Taking into account the identified shortcomings and recommendations, during 2019, BOZON LLC, within the framework of import substitution, developed and mastered the production of the suspended seeder "S - 1" for BAS "OSA HEXA", designed for automated sowing of small-seeded crops and spreading solid finely granulated substances over agricultural land. In 2021, production tests of the S-1 seeder were carried out in the process of developing a technology for sowing small-seeded crops on the scientific and experimental fields of the Samara State Agrarian University, as well as on the fields of Semena LLC (Pestrovsky district, Samara region). The suitability of the Russian seeder "S - 1" to perform production tasks in the early spring conditions of the Middle Volga region was revealed. It has been established that the technology of ultra-early sowing of small-seeded cold-resistant crops using BAS with a suspended seeder is one of the promising areas for the development of digital agricultural technologies for organic farming. But it is required to identify the optimal parameters and modes of sowing small-seeded crops (oilseeds, fodder and honey) for various production tasks. In the spring of 2022, it is planned to sow Sarepta mustard with the help of BAS "OSA HEXA S - 1" on the experimental fields of the Samara State Agrarian University, as well as on production fields (175 hectares in total) in two agricultural enterprises of the Samara region that are implementing low-carbon digital organic farming technologies.
ASSESSMENT OF DYNAMIC CHANGES IN SLA IN 19 WOODY SUBTROPICAL PLANTS
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after acad. S. P. Korolev, Parfenova Evgenia Aleksandrovna , Yankov Nikolai Viktorovich ,   Samara National Research University named after acad. S. P. Korolev
Published: October 2024

The article considers the nature of changes in the specific leaf area (Specific leaf area) in woody subtropical plants (Magnolia obovata Thunb., Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, Camellia japonica L., Podocarpus nagi (Thunb.) Pilg., Podocarpus salicifolius Klotzsch & H. Karst ex Endl., Laurus nobilis L., Myrtus communis L., Coffea liberica Hiern, Olea europaea L., Annona glabra L., Coffea benghalensis B. Heyne ex Schult., Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms, Annona cherimola Mill., Annona muricate L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold , Coffea arabica L., Ficus cyathistipula Warb., Tamarindus indica L.), growing in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Samara University. At the time of writing, 17 taxa under study are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. SLA values for all studied species range from 60 to 350 cm2/g. We have identified three groups according to the value of the range of variation during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 for the studied species. The following are only the arithmetic averages of the SLA. The first group of species, in which the range of variation ranged from 24 to 46 cm2/g, demonstrates stable values and a low level of SLA (70–125 cm2/g). The second group, with a range of variation from 76 to 120 cm2/g, is already characterized by a rather high level of SLA (from 132 to 269 cm2/g) and more intensive growth processes. The third group with a range of variation from 141 to 280 cm2/g.
METHODOLOGY OF THE PROCESS OF CAVITATION ON THE FACES OF SLOTS OF FLAT VALVES
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Mikheeva Olga Valentinovna , Orlova Svetlana Sergeevna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Pankova Tatyana Anatolyevna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Mirkina Elena Nikolaevna
Published: October 2024

With a partial opening of the shutter, the source of cavitation on the faces of the bulls are vortices with an axis of rotation normal to the faces, breaking off from the lower edge of the shutter. Cavitation can occur in the zone of vortices formed in places of high shear and low pressure. Vortex cavitation is often observed at the leading edge of hydrofoils, at the leading edges of the blades and behind the propeller hub, it may occur on the grooves of flat surface gates of spillways. Cavitation can also occur when leaks through the side seals. The shutter placed in the grooves significantly changes the conditions for the formation of the flow acting on the grooves. A cavity that has arisen in the core of a vortex can noticeably change the energy of the vortex system, if it is large enough, and changes the flow of the rotating fluid mass in this vortex. Since in most cases the vortices escape from solid boundaries into the liquid, any changes caused by cavitation may not affect the distribution of pressure near these boundaries and therefore not change the shape resistance. However, in some cases, attached cavities are formed in areas of intense vortex motion near the guide surfaces. In such cases, jet return flows can be formed with rotational components of the local current and linear components of the main current. This leads to a change in the speed and distribution of pressure on the guide surfaces, as well as a change in resistance and the corresponding energy loss. The article considers the main regularities of the occurrence of cavitation erosion on the grooves of flat surface gates.
CASCADE 65T SPRINKLER MACHINE FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN LAND RECLAMATION
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Solovyov Dmitry Alexandrovich , Kuznetsov Roman Evgenievich ,   LandshaftStroyServis LLC, Goryunov Dmitry Gennadievich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Grepechuk Yuri Nikolaevich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The Russian Federation has been actively establishing import substitution processes since 2014. First of all, this situation is caused by the number of sanctions measures and restrictions applied to the Russian Federation. The essence of import substitution is to replace foreign goods and components by developing domestic production, which is especially important in agriculture, in which about 75% of components and 42% of equipment are imported from abroad. As for the sprinkler equipment fleet, 40% of foreign machines account for it, while the remaining 60% of domestic sprinkler installations are outdated, are operated for a period many times exceeding the standard use and more than 80% of them have 100% wear. The currently available domestic production facilities are not able to meet the existing need to replace existing worn-out sprinkler machines, due to outdated production technology that does not meet the modern needs of agriculture, while imported sprinkler machines have significantly increased in price, and a number of them are no longer available for the Russian market. In this regard, the purpose of the article was to analyze the state of the park of sprinkler equipment in Russia and the Saratov region and substantiate the need to develop the production of modern sprinkler machines of domestic production. To achieve this goal and solve the problem of import substitution in land reclamation, a modern sprinkler machine "Cascade 65T", developed by the staff of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, is proposed, and its main technical characteristics are presented.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A HEMISPHERICAL WORKPIECE AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE DRAWING PROCESS
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI) (Makhachkala Branch), Igitov Shamil Magomedovich , Khanustranov Magomedsaid Dzharullayevich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI) (Makhachkala Branch), Gamayunov Pavel Petrovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Alekseev Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The automotive industry is developing at a fairly high pace. At the present stage of development of our society, the demands of consumers for these products are increasing more and more. In turn, this forces vehicle manufacturers to improve paint coatings, expand the color gamut, in order to increase the competitiveness of their products. The more modern the generation of the car, the more difficult the paintwork, therefore, the restoration operations. In this regard, the role of the importance of the quality of bodywork performance comes to the fore. Currently, car repair is a profitable business. If the repair of components and assemblies, as well as maintenance, many motorists perform on their own, then the repair of body parts is not for everyone. In addition to specific equipment that allows you to give the original shape to the details, you need work experience, knowledge of modern materials and features of their use. The technological process of modern bodywork has become much more complicated. The main task is the process of reducing labor intensity, financial costs, as well as optimizing the process. When cars collide, folds form on the body parts as a result of bending forces or as a result of loss of stability from compressive forces. Therefore, almost all automotive deformations can be characterized as metal folds of different radius of curvature. This article discusses the calculated assessment of stresses and deformations at the initial stage of a new extraction method using a hemispherical workpiece, which allows to provide favorable deformation conditions and, consequently, to increase the extraction coefficient (K= D/d). A mathematical model of stress and strain calculation implemented on a computer is proposed.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD FOR FORECASTING THE RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION OF MACHINES AND THEIR ELEMENTS
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Dzuganov Vyacheslav Barasbievich , Apkhudov Timur Muaedovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Bolotokov Anzor Leonidovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Gubzhokov Husen Lelevich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

The structural and technological modernization of machines as a whole, as an integral part of maintenance in its modern sense, acquires a more rigorous scientific basis and ultimately contributes to a significant improvement in the quality indicators of machines. It is this approach to solving the problems of increasing the life of machines, based on a deep analysis of the results of scientific research, operation and repair experience, that will allow us to achieve positive results. During repair, it is impossible to automatically achieve the same high degree of accuracy of assembly of aggregates and machines as in the process of mass production of new samples, and, consequently, in these cases, manufacturing errors of assembly can have a more noticeable effect on reducing the life of aggregates and machines. An objective assessment of such an impact, of course, is possible only on the basis of the results of special studies to establish the dependence of the service life of parts on certain technological factors. Variants of structural reliability schemes have been compiled depending on the ranks of repair costs, based on the assessment of the probability of the appearance of the limiting condition of machines by the levels of maintainability of its assembly units. The probabilistic relationship obtained in this way will be maintained throughout the entire period of operation of the machine until its overhaul, provided that during this period the level of maintainability of its components remains unchanged. On the basis of structural schemes and analysis of the background of production and operation, the requirements for the resource indicators of assembly units are determined. The analysis of the expected operating conditions and loading modes of the machine, as well as taking into account the technological factors of its manufacture (repair), allows you to establish the resource distributions of the machine of the first major repair and the numerical value of the coefficient of variation of this distribution. An expression was obtained for restoring the probability distribution of providing a machine resource, calculations using which showed that the distribution function restored according to the structural scheme has parameters corresponding to the pre-selected distribution of the machine resource.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF LAMB SAUSAGE PRODUCTS USING VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shirokova Nadezhda Vasilievna , Kazarova Izabella Gaykovna ,   Don State Technical University, Maloletova Yulia Ravilyevna ,   Don State Technical University
Published: October 2024

Currently, according to the concept of the national technological initiative, the food industry is tasked with creating, producing and selling personalized and common, based on traditional raw materials and its substitutes, food products, using health-saving technologies, taking into account diseases, food allergies, types of professional activities, national traditions. The development of functional food products and the use of modern biotechnological techniques will improve the quality of consumed products, as a result, the quality of life of the country's population. The article is devoted to the development of technology of enriched lamb sausage. Mutton is an excellent raw material for the production of organic products, as it contains fat with substantially the least amount of stearin complex, has significant sensory indicators, has physiologically active peptides that regulate the bioactivity of the consumer's body. The expansion of the range of meat products that meet the modern requirements of nutrition science poses challenges not only to improve their quality and hygienic safety, but also to search for the rational use of new reserves of meat raw materials. The purpose of the study was to study meat raw materials, as well as to determine the effect of various dosages of vegetable raw materials introduced into the meat product. Experimental studies were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technologies of the Don State Agrarian University. The paper substantiates the optimal dose of pomegranate application, which was determined on the basis of organoleptic parameters. The optimal amount of application of vegetable raw materials has been established without deterioration of technological and consumer properties of the sausage product. Thus, a product of a functional orientation of good quality has been obtained that meets all the requirements of the consumer.
POPULATION GROWTH AND TRANSBORDER NATURE OF SAIGAS IS A RISK FOR AGRICULTURE
Authors:   POPULATION GROWTH AND TRANSBORDER NATURE OF SAIGAS IS A RISK FOR AGRICULTURE, Absatirov Gaisa Garapovich
Published: October 2024

As a result of the implementation of the State Program for the Protection of saigas in Kazakhstan, they have overcome the category of endangered animals of wild fauna. Due to the evolutionarily developed biological features due to their high adaptive capacity to changing climatic conditions, early and high fertility, in recent years their rapid population growth has been noted. However, the rapid growth of the saiga population has created a threat to the development of animal husbandry and crop production in the regions of both Kazakhstan and adjacent neighboring regions of Russia, which caused protests among farmers and private households in the areas of saiga migration. The first major threat is competition for resources. Thus, due to competition with farm animals for pastures and watering places, cases of loss of pastures and crops have become more frequent. The second most important threat is the risks of the spread of diseases from wild fauna. The high density of wild animals increases the likelihood of epizootics, as well as the transmission of diseases between saigas and domestic animals. Studies have found that exceeding the population size beyond the permissible one is fraught with both diseases within the protected species and the transfer of these diseases to livestock and even to humans. Diseases can destroy a significant part of the population. In the analysis of the dynamics of the saiga population since 1980, several cases of mass animal deaths have been noted with a frequency of once every 3.6 years. The multi-species biocenosis of domestic and wild animals creates the most favorable conditions for the preservation and spread of pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in nature. These veterinary risks of the occurrence and spread of diseases both among saigas and domestic animals serve as the basis for the need to regulate the number of saiga populations and veterinary and sanitary welfare of the territories of habitats and migration of saigas.
VETERINARY SANITARY ASPECTS OF ACCLIMATIZATION OF FOREST BISON IN YAKUTIA
Authors:   Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreeva Marina Vitalievna , Koryakina Lena Prokopevna ,   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Tatarinova Zinaida Gavrilovna ,   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Lukin Vladimir Nikolaevich ,   Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Veterinary sanitary and helminthological aspects of the distribution of forest bison on the territory of the Republic of Yakutia are considered to assess the restoration of the number of the Yakut range of the bison population, which are currently listed in the Red Book of Yakutia. Despite the fact that the forest bison has been listed in the "Red Book" of the republic since 2019, the international project "Reaclimatization of the forest bison in the taiga zone of Central Yakutia" has been operating on the territory of Yakutia since 2006, the purpose of which is aimed at restoring its natural range and preserving it as a species. To implement the international project, natural parks have been created in the territories of the Lena Pillars and Blue national parks, in which forest bison annually give offspring. To date, the adaptation of forest bison to the conditions of Central Yakutia is going well, so the dynamics of population growth averages 12-14% annually. Thanks to the implementation of this project, more than 120 calves were received on the territory of Yakutia. Since 2017, the final stage of the implementation of the international project, namely the repatriation of the species to the natural environment, has been taking place. In the course of the study, data on the full ecological compliance of natural and climatic conditions and the feed base of nurseries located on the territory of Central Yakutia were confirmed. The processes of introduction and acclimatization negatively affect the adaptation to new living conditions of wild animals as well. At the same time, there is an increased level of invasion by helminths of various origins. Therefore, in imported wild ungulates, the death of parasites developing in the gastrointestinal tract and infection with local helminths is noted, which contributes to the maintenance of foci of the spread of local parasitic diseases in animals during their acclimatization. New parasites can be brought with imported animals, which develop new hosts for them and cause significant damage to agriculture and hunting. Accordingly, the study of the degree of helminth invasion of forest bison during their acclimatization in Yakutia is not only relevant, but also quite in demand for both researchers and employees of hunting farms.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE FOR DETERMINING THE TRACTION RESISTANCE OF THE WORKING BODIES OF MACHINES FOR BASIC TILLAGE
Authors:   NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agricultural Mechanization, Zheshko Alexander Anatolyevich , Lensky Alexander Vladimirovich ,   , NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agricultural Mechanization, Aletdinova Anna Aleksandrovna ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: October 2024

The efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery depends on various factors, one of which is the rational acquisition of machines with energy resources based on the calculation of traction resistance. The purpose of the study is to describe an experimental setup for measuring, accumulating and analyzing data on the traction resistance of working bodies of machines for basic tillage and the results of research based on it. The main method of research is conducting an experiment using software and hardware; methods of mathematical statistics were also used. The authors consider the features of the software and hardware used to measure the traction resistance of working bodies for basic tillage. The hardware of the experimental installation consists of a personal computer, an acid GP-1223 battery, a 3.5 mm Jack microcontroller power cable, a panel, an RS-485 – USB-B Aries AC4 interface converter, a microcontroller, a 15-pin COM port, Type DEE 500 kg load cells. The software allows you to get interactive graphs of the traction resistance of the working body, change settings, in particular, scaling, the limits of measurement of the ordinate scale, the displacement of the abscissa axis. Studies of tag resistance are given on the example of the paws of a cultivator for stubble after buckwheat (at a processing depth of 14, 18 cm, an operating speed of 5, 10, 15 km/h), and an experimental setup is proposed. Cultivator racks were used for experiments: vertical rigid and spring-loaded with replaceable paws and tips. The measurement results confirm that an increase in the speed of movement significantly affects the growth of the traction resistance of the studied working organ for cultivation.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF PRODUCTION TESTS OF CHANGES IN THE POWER CONSUMPTION OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVE WHEN THE DIAMETER OF THE PIPELINE OF THE SPRINKLER MACHINE CHANGES
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Bakirov Sergey Mudarisovich , Eliseev Sergey Sergeevich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Ishchenko Anton Pavlovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

It is theoretically proved that a change in the diameter of the pipeline of one section leads to a correlated change in the power consumption of the electric drive of the support trolley of this section of the circular sprinkler machine. However, in practical conditions, the power consumption is influenced by many factors: the rigidity of the soil, the shape of the soil, the pressure in the pneumatic tire, the location of the section, etc., and it is necessary to evaluate and confirm the change in the power consumption of the electric drive when the diameter of the water supply pipeline changes. The paper presents the theoretical provisions and the results of experimental studies carried out in production conditions on the basis of a circular sprinkler machine MDEK "Cascade". The results of experimental studies are presented in the form of a table and photographs of fragments of pipeline changes. The power consumption by the electric drive of the section with a pipeline diameter of 219 mm was compared with the power consumption of the electric drive of the section, in which 3/5 of the length of the section is made with a diameter of 219 mm, and the rest of the 2/5 is with a diameter of 159 mm. The voltage data at the terminals of the electric motor and the current consumed were recorded, as well as the power consumption was determined indirectly. Based on theoretical data, the estimated power consumption will change by 14.9%, and experimental observations are recorded in the range of 9.9...21.8%. Based on processing using mathematical statistics, when the diameter of the water distribution pipeline of the section changes, a change in the load of the electric drive is observed with an estimated confidence interval of 2.2, a probability of 95% and an average square error of 1.18%. The deviation of the average experimental value from the theoretical data is no more than 6%.
TREATMENT OF SEED TUBERS AND POTATO PLANTS WITH PROTECTIVE AND STIMULATING DRUGS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ikoeva Larisa Petrovna
Published: October 2024

The results of studying the influence of modern growth regulators during the pre-planting treatment of potato tubers on the yield, quality and safety of potatoes under conditions of cultivation on leached chernozems of the Russian Federation are presented. The research was carried out at the experimental site of the SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS in the foothill zone of the Russian Federation-Alania in the grass-field crop rotation. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem, with a slightly acidic reaction (pHsol. 5,8 – 6,0), characteristic of the foothill zone of the republic. The subject of the study is growth regulators: Epin – Extra and Zircon. The object of research is the potato varieties Nevsky and Farn. Pre–planting treatment of potato tubers with a growth regulator accelerates the appearance of potato seedlings for 2-3 days compared to the control. On the Farn variety, on average over three years, a significant increase in the number of stems per bush was noted when using Zircon by 0.3 – 0.6 pcs./bush for control and by 0.1 – 0.2 pcs./bush for the Epin – Extra experiment options. Zircon increases the increase in potato yield on the Farn variety by 5.7 t/ha or 22.9% compared with the control, and by 1.9 t/ha or 6.6% compared with the Epin – Extra experiment options. The Nevsky variety has the same trend: respectively – by 5.7 t/ha or 23.8%; 2.1 or 7.6%. They reduce the total weight loss of tubers by 0.6 – 1.3%, while reducing the development of morbidity of products during storage. On average, over three years, the natural loss of potato tubers was 0.6 – 0.7% for the Farn variety, 0.1 – 0.2% for the Nevsky variety, and 0.2 – 0.3% for morbidity, respectively. Growth regulators provided potato plantings in the foothill zone with improved resistance of potato plants to adverse environmental conditions, increased the yield of potato tubers to 27.5 – 30.5 t/ha in combination with a good starch content and a reduction in total loss during autumn – winter storage.
THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN
Authors:   Vladikavkaz scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shalygina Anna Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

These studies are an important stage in the study of the effect of nitrogen foliar feeding together with a growth regulator during the growing season of plants on the productivity of crops with high quality indicators of winter wheat grain. When cultivating winter wheat, autumn and spring fertilizing is of great importance. In the experiments, the zoned varieties of winter wheat Trio and Bagrat of the selection of the P.P. Lukyanenko Federal State Budgetary Scientific Research University were sown. Ammonium nitrate and biopreparations of Novosil and VE were studied from fertilizers. The experience was laid out in three-fold repetition, with a randomized placement of options with a total plot area of 130 m2, accounting – 80 m2. The effectiveness of nitrogen top dressing is achieved by combining it with growth regulators of Novosil, VE in different doses of application, which provided an increase in the structure of the crop. The length of the ear increased by 2.3 cm, the weight of 1000 grains by 2.3 g, the grain size by 43 g / l for the Trio variety, and by 2.5 cm; 5.5 g; 37 g / l, respectively, for the Bagrat variety. The applied doses of 20-30 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and a growth regulator of 50-60 ml/ha improved the quality indicators of wheat grain. The highest vitreous content in the grain filling phase was observed in the Trio variety, where it was 85%, gluten – 37.2%, and Bagrat variety had slightly less than 84% vitreous and 35.4% gluten. The choice of the application method depended on the phase of plant development, meteorological conditions of the year, soil moisture, etc. Studies have shown that according to the content of raw gluten in flour and the "strength" of flour, different varieties reacted differently. The Bagrat variety reacted better to the introduction of nitrogen and a growth regulator during the earing period, and the Trio variety reacted better to spraying on leaves during the grain filling period.
RATING SYSTEM OF THE ESG-TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES AND THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATION DISPROPORTIONS
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Orlova Olga Yurievna , Kokareva Sofia Andreevna ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problems of the lack of a single standard for assigning ESG ratings to companies in the context of the transformation of the global financial paradigm towards sustainable development. The main research methods are a comprehensive analysis and comparative assessment of existing methods for assigning corporate ESG ratings by such agencies as: RAEX-Europe Sistainalitics and MSCI. As a result of a critical analysis of the main methodological approaches in the existing ESG rating system, conclusions were drawn about the opacity and multidirectional nature of its current state, which seriously complicate an objective assessment of the achievements of the corporate sector on the path to sustainable business transformation. The informational imbalances that currently exist in the field of ESG ratings entail certain difficulties for a deep comprehensive analysis of the threats and vulnerabilities of companies in the context of the emerging trend towards sustainability in the global economic community. Such an analysis is necessary in order to identify and assess the risks of potential investment investments due to the high degree of uncertainty that is present in all segments of the global financial market, which is also under certain pressure from supranational regulators and international institutional investors actively promoting the "green" agenda. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the high rate of penetration of sustainable development issues into all areas of the modern economy. The request for a “green” transformation in the financial market sounds quite sharp on the part of states, institutional investors and the public, however, without the formation of transparent tools, it is impossible to overcome the currently existing barriers to large-scale financing of the necessary transformations.
OIL SPILL ACCOUNTING MODEL FOR MARKET VALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Gagina Irina Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

Oil production and oil refining are widespread in the Saratov region and the violation of agricultural plots as a result of their actions is a well–known problem. The lands restored after reclamation will definitely get into circulation and an assessment of their market value will be required. In fact, today there is no methodological basis for taking into account the factors of oil pollution in the procedure for assessing the market value of agricultural land plots. This article proposes an ecological and economic model of accounting for the cost of residual reclamation within the framework of profitable and comparative approaches when including agricultural land plots that have undergone major reclamation as a result of oil spills in the market turnover on the example of the territory of the Engels district of the Saratov region. As a result of the research, the market value of disturbed lands will decrease in proportion to the area of disturbed lands and the cost of their residual reclamation, which will be carried out by means of future owners, tenants and land users. The market assessment of agricultural lands based on the income approach should be based on information generated in accordance with the regulatory and methodological provisions on soil fertility accounting when monitoring agricultural lands in the land information system "Functional subsystem "Electronic Atlas of Agricultural Lands". Filling the system with indicators characterizing the qualitative state of the land is assigned to the federal state budgetary institutions of the agrochemical service and agricultural radiology, subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the state tasks completed in accordance with the established procedure. The primary spatial object of soil fertility accounting should be the types of soil differences.
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE EAEU MEMBER STATES
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University (Kostanay Branch), Kulchikova Zhanna Telmanovna
Published: October 2024

One of the factors for ensuring the full functioning of the common market of the EAEU member states is the implementation of an effective coordinated (coordinated) agro-industrial policy in key sectors and sectors of the economy. The basis of the integration interaction of the member states in the agro-industrial sphere is the Concept of a coordinated (coordinated) agro-industrial policy of the member states of the Customs Union (CU) and the Common Economic Space (CES), approved by the Presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia (Decision of the EEC of May 29, 2013 No. 35). The concept defines the vector of goals, objectives, directions and mechanisms for the development of interstate cooperation of the EAEU member states in the agro-industrial complex. In addition to the general negative macroeconomic factors affecting the development of the single agricultural market of the EAEU member states, it is possible to note the unfavorable global conjuncture (price variability, changes in demand for agri-food products, credit restrictions on international markets); integration effect (restrictions on mutual and external supplies of goods in the conditions of Russian sanctions and anti-sanctions); financial and economic instability (devaluation of the national currencies of the EAEU member states relative to the US dollar, volatility of mutual exchange rates, reduction of consumer incomes), etc. With the spread of COVID-19, new risks related to food security have emerged: disruption of food logistics due to the presence of excessive demand for certain types of food products; restrictive measures of exporting states to eliminate the destabilization of food markets (export ban; quotas of export volumes to countries outside the EAEU); violation of migration flows of workers to agriculture due to the threat of morbidity. As general directions for the Union states, it should be highlighted: increasing the level of self-sufficiency in basic types of food to achieve national security and improve the structure and quality of nutrition; increasing the export potential of agricultural products and food both in the EAEU states and for third countries.
METHODS OF RESEARCHING THE COST OF A GROCERY BASKET IN THE ORENBURG REGION
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg branch), Ogorodnikov Pyotr Ivanovich , Guseva Elena Petrovna ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg branch), Matveeva Olga Borisovna ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg branch)
Published: October 2024

The cost of a minimum set of food takes an essential place in the structure of the subsistence minimum, and largely determines the conditions of existence of the poorest segments of the population. In modern conditions of rising prices for vital foodstuffs, it is essential to analyze the cost of these goods in order to timely prevent the negative consequences of such an increase. The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the actual average and minimum physiologically necessary living standards of citizens of the Russian Federation through a comparison of inflation indices calculated on the basis of consumer baskets and the index of changes in the value of average wages. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis based on one-dimensional time series of the dynamics of the cost of five food baskets, the transition to comparable prices is reasoned. It is noted that food products can be divided into two groups. Prices for some grow monotonously, without the influence of the time of year, which is more typical for industrial goods. The second subset is products with pronounced seasonality, primarily vegetables, whose prices fall in the second half of summer and autumn, and then begin to increase. The presence of this component leads to the fact that the growth of basket values practically stops in summer, and the fastest is in winter. The contributions of individual food products to the cost of consumer baskets have been studied. Attention is paid to the difference between normative (i.e., given a priori) baskets and the baskets obtained as a result of the analysis of real consumption. The article reflects not only theoretical aspects of the analysis of the standard of living of the population and the cost of the grocery basket, but also practical results. The study of changes in the structure of the cost of each of the considered food baskets caused by changes in prices for the corresponding goods is carried out, the influence of various socio-economic indicators is not taken into account.
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Authors:   Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Abdrakhmanova Liliya Vilovna , Schigortsova Elena Sergeevna ,   Russian University of Cooperation
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the sanctions imposed against Russia over the past decade and the problem of import substitution as a tool to increase the economic security of the state. After the announcement of the RF recognition of the independence of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics (DPR and LPR) on February 22, 2022, and the subsequent special military operation of Russia to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine, a new stage of international relations began, associated with the introduction of an unprecedented scale (and constantly replenishing) sanctions on Russia by the United States, the European Union and some other states. The largest trade sanctions in history were imposed - a ban on the export of high-tech components and parts to the Russian Federation, as well as services and support related to this activity. Many trade agreements were annulled, and Russian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT interbank payment system. The foreign property and assets of many Russians have been seized. Flights are prohibited in the airspace of the European Union, Great Britain, Canada and other countries. The supply of Russian oil to America and Great Britain is limited, all foreign investments in the Russian economy under their jurisdiction are blocked. Foreign assets of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation are frozen. There are bans and restrictions in the field of broadcasting Russian media, social networks in the country. There is a break in diplomatic ties with a number of states. Many foreign companies have suspended their activities in the Russian market. Analysts predict the following main risks for Russian business: logistics crisis; restructuring trade routes; difficulties in meeting financial obligations and using financial instruments (leasing, factoring, etc.); limitation of the supply area; reduction in investment; reduced availability of loans; restriction of currency settlements; reputational costs, etc. In this regard, import substitution is one of the main directions of the strategy for developing the Russian economy and ensuring its security.