bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cumulative Effects of the MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V Mutations in a Chinese Family with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Bo , Guo Rui-Qi , Wang Jing , Yang Fan , Zuo Lei , Liu Ying , Shao Hong , Ju Yan , Sun Chao , Xu Lei , Zhang Yan-Min , Wang Li-Feng , Liu Li-Wen
Published: September 2017

Aims: We investigated the pathogenesis of MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations in a Chinese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: Clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations of members of a Chinese family were followed by exon and boarding intron analyses of 96 genes in the proband using second-generation sequencing. We confirmed the mutations by bidirectional Sanger sequencing in the members and in 300 healthy controls. Results: We detected MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations in this family. The members with both mutations showed inverted T-waves and ST-segment depression in ECG recordings, severe left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in echocardiography, and myocardial fibrosis in CMR; subject II-11 did not show late gadolinium enhancement. Among those with only the MYH7-V878A mutation, subject III-7 showed abnormal ECG recordings, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, and subjects II-13 and III-15 showed some abnormal repolarization, borderline LV wall thickness, and normal CMR findings. Those with only the CACNA1C-A1594V mutation showed nearly normal readings in all examinations. The members with both mutations displayed more severe LV hypertrophy and elevated LV filling pressure than those with 1 or no mutation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations may have a cumulative effect.
A liberdade de imprensa e seus limites: imprensa e poder político no Estado de Buenos Aires durante a década de 1850
Authors: Wasserman Fabio
Published: September 2017

O artigo analisa as relações entre a imprensa e o poder político em Buenos Aires durante a década de 1850. Após a derrota de Juan Manuel de Rosas no início de 1852, produziu-se um processo de renovação e de ampliação da vida pública provincial. Um dos traços mais característicos deste processo foi a expansão da imprensa e sua utilização pelos distintos setores políticos para interpelar, modelar e orientar uma crescente e influente opinião pública. Vários autores relacionam este fenômeno com a existência de uma ampla e quase irrestrita liberdade de imprensa promovida por uma liderança liberal. O trabalho propõe discutir esta última caracterização analisando os debates relativos à necessidade de colocar limites a essa liberdade e, sobretudo, as medidas tomadas pelos sucessivos governos para controlar a imprensa e calar as vozes opositoras através do fechamento, multas e desterros, etc.
Partidos, liberalismo e poder pessoal: a política no Império do Brasil. Um comentário ao artigo de Jeffrey Needell, Formação dos partidos políticos no Brasil da Regência à Conciliação, 1831-1857
Authors: Dantas Monica Duarte
Published: September 2017

Em seu artigo Jeffrey Needell, ao discutir a formação dos partidos no Brasil imperial, destaca, entre outros pontos, a existência de diferenças ideológicas entre os dois principais partidos políticos (da Regência à Conciliação), como também o impacto da aprovação do Ato Adicional e alguns anos depois da reforma do Código de Processo Criminal. Neste comentário ao seu texto, procuro contribuir para o debate focando na importância de seus argumentos para a discussão de interpretações correntes acerca da centralização e descentralização no Brasil e do papel dos arranjos institucionais e dos poderes Legislativo e Judiciário no período em questão.
Memes, menomes and LOLs: expression and reiteration through digital rhetorical devices
Authors: Villanueva-Mansilla Eduardo
Published: September 2017

The popularity of internet memes as communication items presents a series of research issues, including the characteristics of any connection with the original meme concept from biology. Also, an aspect that demands exploration is how these items serve a broader communicative purpose, as mechanisms for individuals or groups, and how they impact society as a whole. This paper presents a revision of perspectives on memes, and proposes to analyze them as rhetorical devices, devising a general interpretation of these items as menomes, and concentrating attention in a particular iteration, the image macro meme, which we propose to call LOL.
A indecisão consciente: análise qualitativa da indecisão eleitoral no pleito estadual de 2014
Authors: Signates Luiz
Published: September 2017

This is a study on specific characteristics of the undecided voter in relation to the Goiás governor poll, in 2014 elections. The opinion of these electors makes up an important reference to understand the formation process of electoral public opinion, mainly for its remarkable growth in recent years. This paper is based on data collected directly from undecided voters, in the context of a qualitative survey of television reception, developed through family mediation of public electoral propaganda of governor elections in 2014. From the data obtained, it was possible to understand that the process involving vote indecision is more complex and complete than it has been supposed, allowing the notion of “critical undecided voters” and specific arrangements that seek to describe the characteristics of the electoral indecision process.
Apontamentos sobre a contribuição da sociologia das formas de Franco Moretti para os estudos em jornalismo
Authors: Silva Marcos Paulo Da
Published: September 2017

The paper presents notes about the theoretical-methodological contribution of literary critic Franco Moretti’s sociology of forms to journalism studies. The discussion supports itself on two background hypotheses from the author’s work: i) certain aesthetic-expressive pattern just disseminates itself when it finds support on broader cultural patterns; ii) the symbolic codification process of such cultural patterns do not stablish only on content plan, but on own form, on the aesthetic-expressive dimension of narration. Moreover, the article lists six theoretical-methodological premises for an interdisciplinary interface with journalistic field.
Entre a chegada e a partida: reciclagens do cinema doméstico no filme-ensaio
Authors: Almeida Rafael De
Published: September 2017

The objective is to investigate the consequences of the adoption of an essayistic language in films that revolve around the family background of the directors. Our hypothesis is that the essayistic language assumed by works operates a double transformation in home movies as files, documents: on the one hand, structure them narratively, giving new meaning to them; and secondly, it converts the intimate and private nature of these images in part of a public screening of the film. We intend to analyze Otto (2012) and Elena (2012), to finally signal that for Elena side reveals how new meaning to life through death, Otto does the reverse movement, reframes through birth.
Comunicação Gerativa: um diálogo com Oliver Sacks
Authors: Braga José Luiz
Published: September 2017

The paper develops a dialogue with Oliver Sacks’ study on deafness. The limit situation created by deafness offers acuity on characteristics of the communication phenomenon. Some assumptions developed in previous texts are presented as angles for dialogue. In Sacks’ book, which addresses the problem of deafness through a variety of viewpoints, the article selects observations and proposals that corroborate those assumptions or present themselves as challenges to reflection. From the dialogue between the basic propositions initially presented and the clues obtained in Sacks study, the text draws inferences relating to the limit situation; and related leads to the phenomenon in a broader perspective.
Mídia e representação do cinismo no drama político
Authors: Vagni Tito
Published: September 2017

This essay proposes an investigation on the forms of contemporary cynicism, combining the interpretation of political drama with reflections of the daily life sociology, particularly referring to Simmel, Goffman and De Certeau. In an expanded historical perspective from the 21st century metropolis to the communication media of the 20th century, it proposes a reconstruction of the political action and of certain moment of its imagination. A moment that shall be studied as from its relations with money, time acceleration and sensory overstimulation, which institute a new image of social relations. Cynicism seems to be, in the conditions created by metropolis and media, the cultural form more suitable for management and organization of daily events in public sphere.
Cartas de Graciliano na França: letras autodidatas no mundo de óculos quebrados
Authors: Lebensztayn Ieda
Published: September 2017

O propósito deste artigo é, com base em cartas de Graciliano Ramos, tanto nas publicadas como em inéditas, investigar vínculos do escritor com a França. Possibilitando refletir sobre questões históricas que transparecem no trânsito de olhares estrangeiros e nacionais em relação ao Brasil e ao país europeu, as cartas deixam ver impasses e conquistas experienciados por um intelectual autodidata como o autor de Vidas secas. O diálogo epistolar com editores, voltado para o desejo recíproco de ver os romances brasileiros vertidos para a língua francesa, fala da força universal da arte fincada no fator econômico. E o olhar para o estilo das cartas, feito de humor e seriedade, apreende também das relações de amizade do escritor, com Joaquim Pinto, com Paulo Rónai, a agudez crítica, a afabilidade e o amor ao estudo das línguas e à escolha das palavras reunidas em arte.
O duro ofício de viver
Authors: Tin Emerson
Published: September 2017

É de longa tradição, na literatura ocidental, a comparação da vida a uma embarcação à deriva no mar, ao sabor das intempéries. Basta lembrar que Ernst Robert Curtius dedicou à chamada “metáfora náut ica” algumas páginas de seu clássico Literatura europeia e Idade Média latina. Não à toa, tem sido imagem querida para dar nome a obras que pretendem dar conta da trajetória de uma existência. Tal é o que vemos, por exemplo, em A barca de Gleyre, de Monteiro Lobato, título que não só associa a metáfora náutica à troca epistolar entre o escritor taubateano e o mineiro Godofredo Rangel, mas também alude à célebre tela do suíço Marc-Charles-Gabriel Gleyre.
“já não será demais o que vai aqui dentro!”
Authors: Neves Rodrigo Jorge Ribeiro
Published: September 2017

Em O cartão-postal, Derrida destaca, em um dos “Envios”, a reconfiguração do sujeito no instante em que se remete/inscreve ao/no outro, em uma operação não necessariamente intercambiável, mas que é, com o perdão deste arriscado vocábulo-anátema, impossível evitar: “quando eu lhe escrevo você continua, você transfigura tudo (a transmutação vem de trás das palavras, ela opera em silêncio [...])”.
Circular Noncoding RNA HIPK3 Mediates Retinal Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shan Kun , Liu Chang , Liu Bai-Hui , Chen Xue , Dong Rui , Liu Xin , Zhang Yang-Yang , Liu Ban , Zhang Shu-Jie , Wang Jia-Jian , Zhang Sheng-Hai , Wu Ji-Hong , Zhao Chen , Yan Biao
Published: September 2017

Background:

The vascular complications of diabetes mellitus are the major causes of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes. Circular RNAs are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. In this study, we investigated the role of circular RNA in retinal vascular dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

Quantitative polymerase chain reactions, Sanger sequencing, and Northern blots were conducted to detect circular HIPK3 (circHIPK3) expression pattern on diabetes mellitus–related stresses. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays, Transwell migration assays, and Matrigel assays were conducted to detect the role of circHIPK3 in retinal endothelial cell function in vitro. Retinal trypsin digestion, vascular permeability assays, and ELISA assays were conducted to detect the role of circHIPK3 in retinal vascular dysfunction in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity assays, RNA pull-down assays, and in vitro studies were conducted to reveal the mechanism of circHIPK3-mediated retinal vascular dysfunction.

Results:

circHIPK3 expression was significantly upregulated in diabetic retinas and retinal endothelial cells following stressors related to diabetes mellitus. circHIPK3 silencing or overexpressing circHIPK3 changed retinal endothelial cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. circHIPK3 silencing in vivo alleviated retinal vascular dysfunction, as shown by decreased retinal acellular capillaries, vascular leakage, and inflammation. circHIPK3 acted as an endogenous miR-30a-3p sponge to sequester and inhibit miR-30a-3p activity, which led to increased vascular endothelial growth factor-C, FZD4, and WNT2 expression. Ectopic expression of miR-30a-3p mimicked the effect of circHIPK3 silencing on vascular endothelial phenotypes in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions:

The circular RNA circHIPK3 plays a role in diabetic retinopathy by blocking miR-30a function, leading to increased endothelial proliferation and vascular dysfunction. These data suggest that circular RNA is a potential target to control diabetic proliferative retinopathy.
Improving Outcomes of Witnessed Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest After Implementation of International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 2010 Consensus: A Nationwide Prospective Observational Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Hara Masahiko , Mizutani Kazuki , Yoshiyama Minoru , Yokoi Kensuke , Kabata Daijiro , Shintani Ayumi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa
Published: September 2017

Background

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (
ILCOR
) periodically updates the consensus recommendations for cardiopulmonary resuscitation to improve the outcomes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
). However, little is known about the differences in outcomes of witnessed
OHCA
following the publication of the
ILCOR
2010 and the
ILCOR
2005 recommendations.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 241 990 adults who experienced witnessed
OHCA
between 2007 and 2013 from a prospective, nation‐wide, population‐based cohort database in Japan. We compared neurologically favorable 1‐month survival and 1‐month survival rates post‐
OHCA
by dividing the study period into 2 categories: the
ILCOR
2005 period and
ILCOR
2010 period. The associations between guideline periods and outcomes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis and reported as adjusted odds ratio and 95%
CI
. Among 241 990 patients examined in this study,
OHCA
was witnessed in 44 706 patients (18%) by emergency medical service personnel and in 197 284 patients (82%) by citizens. Compared with the
ILCOR
2005 period, the neurologically favorable 1‐month survival rate improved from 4.6% to 5.2% (adjusted odds ratio, 1.54; 95%
CI
, 1.42–1.67;
P
<0.001), and the 1‐month survival rate improved from 9.0% to 9.7% (adjusted odds ratio, 1.34; 95%
CI
, 1.27–1.42;
P
<0.001) in the
ILCOR
2010 period. These improvements were also shown in patients receiving conventional versus compression‐only cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Conclusions

Outcomes of witnessed
OHCA
were better in the
ILCOR
2010 period than those in the
ILCOR
2005 period. Our results can provide baseline data for many future prospective studies.
Hypo‐Attenuated Leaflet Thickening and Reduced Leaflet Motion in Sutureless Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves
Authors: Dalén Magnus , Sartipy Ulrik , Cederlund Kerstin , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Svensson Anders , Themudo Raquel , Svenarud Peter , Bacsovics Brolin Elin
Published: September 2017

Background

The prevalence of hypo‐attenuated leaflet thickening (
HALT
) and reduced leaflet motion (
RLM
) is unknown in surgically implanted bioprostheses because systematic investigation of
HALT
and/or
RLM
is limited to a few catheter‐based valves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of
HALT
and
RLM
by cardiac computed tomography in patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement and received a Perceval sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis.

Methods and Results

This was a single‐center prospective observational study that included 47 patients (83.5% of the total number of implantations) who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with implantation of the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis (LivaNova PLC, London, UK) at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden from 2012 to 2016 and were studied by cardiac computed tomography. Cardiac computed tomography was performed at a median of 491 days (range 36–1247 days) postoperatively.
HALT
was found in 18 (38%) patients and
RLM
in 13 (28%) patients. All patients with
RLM
had
HALT
. Among patients with
HALT
, 5 out of 18 patients (28%) were treated with anticoagulation (warfarin or any novel oral anticoagulant) at the time of cardiac computed tomography. Among patients with
RLM
, 3 out of 13 patients (23%) were treated with anticoagulation.

Conclusions

HALT
and
RLM
were prevalent in the surgically implanted Perceval sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis. Both
HALT
and
RLM
were found in patients with ongoing anticoagulation treatment. Whether these findings are associated with adverse events needs further study.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02671474.
Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure US Ambulatory Cardiology Practices and the Potential for Uptake of Catheter Ablation: An National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR
®
) Research to Practice (R2P) Project
Authors: Mathew Jehu S. , Marzec Lucas N. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Jones Philip G. , Varosy Paul D. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Maddox Thomas M. , Allen Larry A.
Published: September 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction frequently coexist. The AATAC (Ablation versus Amiodarone for Treatment of persistent Atrial fibrillation in patients with Congestive heart failure and an implantable device) trial suggests that catheter ablation may benefit these patients. However, applicability to contemporary ambulatory cardiology practice is unknown.

Methods and Results

Using the outpatient National Cardiovascular Data Registry
®
Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence Registry, we identified participants meeting
AATAC
enrollment criteria between 2013 and 2014. Treatment with medications and procedures was assessed at registry inclusion. From 164 166 patients with
AF
and heart failure, 8483 (7%) patients potentially met
AATAC
inclusion criteria. Eligible subjects, compared to
AATAC
trial participants, were older (mean age, 71.2±11.4 years) and had greater comorbidity (coronary artery disease 79.2%, hypertension 82.4%, and diabetes mellitus 31.8%).
AF
was predominantly paroxysmal (65.5%), rather than persistent/permanent (16.7%) or new onset (17.8%), whereas all patients in the
AATAC
trial had persistent
AF
. Commonly used atrioventricular‐nodal blocking agents were carvedilol (71.2%), digoxin (31.9%), and metoprolol (27.1%). Rhythm control with anti‐arrhythmic drugs was reported in 29.0% of
AATAC
eligible patients (predominantly amiodarone [24.6%]) and 9.3% had undergone catheter ablation. Patients who underwent ablation were more likely to be younger and have less comorbidities than those who did not.

Conclusions

Among the contemporary ambulatory AF/heart failure with reduced ejection fraction population, treatment is predominantly rate control with few catheter ablations. Application of
AATAC
findings has the potential to markedly increase the use of catheter ablation in this population, although significant differences in clinical profiles might influence ablation outcomes in practice.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Carotid Artery High‐Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques in Chinese Patients With Cerebrovascular Symptoms: A Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation II Study
Authors: Zhao Xihai , Hippe Daniel S. , Li Rui , Canton Gador M. , Sui Binbin , Song Yan , Li Feiyu , Xue Yunjing , Sun Jie , Yamada Kiyofumi , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Xu Dongxiang , Wang Maoxue , Yuan Chun ,   the CARE‐II Study Collaborators
Published: September 2017

Background

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture is an important source of ischemic stroke. However, the prevalence of high‐risk plaque (
HRP
) defined as plaques with luminal surface disruption, a lipid‐rich necrotic core occupying >40% of the wall, or intraplaque hemorrhage in Chinese population remains unclear. This study uses carotid magnetic resonance imaging (
CMRI
) to investigate
HRP
prevalence in carotid arteries of Chinese patients with cerebrovascular symptoms.

Methods and Results

Patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms in the anterior circulation within 2 weeks and carotid plaque determined by ultrasound were recruited and underwent
CMRI
. The
HRP
features were identified and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic arteries. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic analysis was used to calculate area‐under‐the‐curve (
AUC
) of stenosis and maximum wall thickness for discriminating presence of
HRP
. In 1047 recruited subjects,
HRP
detected by
CMRI
was nearly 1.5 times more prevalent than severe stenosis (≥50%) in this cohort (28% versus 19%,
P
<0.0001). Approximately two thirds of
HRP
s were found in arteries with <50% stenosis. The prevalence of
HRP
in symptomatic carotid arteries was significantly higher than that of the contralateral asymptomatic carotid arteries (23.0% versus 16.4%,
P
=0.001). Maximum wall thickness was found to be a stronger discriminator than stenosis for
HRP
(
AUC
: 0.93 versus 0.81,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

There are significantly more high‐risk carotid plaques than carotid arteries with ≥50% stenosis in symptomatic Chinese patients. A substantial number of HRPs were found in arteries with lower grade stenosis and maximum wall thickness was a stronger indicator for HRP than luminal stenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02017756.
Microstructural Alterations and Oligodendrocyte Dysmaturation in White Matter After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Juvenile Porcine Model
Authors: Stinnett Gary R. , Lin Stephen , Korotcov Alexandru V. , Korotcova Ludmila , Morton Paul D. , Ramachandra Shruti D. , Pham Angeline , Kumar Sonali , Agematsu Kota , Zurakowski David , Wang Paul C. , Jonas Richard A. , Ishibashi Nobuyuki
Published: September 2017

Background

Newly developed white matter (
WM
) injury is common after cardiopulmonary bypass (
CPB
) in severe/complex congenital heart disease. Fractional anisotropy (
FA
) allows measurement of macroscopic organization of
WM
pathology but has rarely been applied after
CPB
. The aims of our animal study were to define
CPB
‐induced
FA
alterations and to determine correlations between these changes and cellular events after congenital heart disease surgery.

Methods and Results

Normal porcine
WM
development was first assessed between 3 and 7 weeks of age: 3‐week‐old piglets were randomly assigned to 1 of 3
CPB
‐induced insults.
FA
was analyzed in 31
WM
structures.
WM
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia were assessed immunohistologically. Normal porcine
WM
development resembles human
WM
development in early infancy. We found region‐specific
WM
vulnerability to insults associated with
CPB
.
FA
changes after
CPB
were also insult dependent. Within various
WM
areas,
WM
within the frontal cortex was susceptible, suggesting that
FA
in the frontal cortex should be a biomarker for
WM
injury after
CPB
.
FA
increases occur parallel to cellular processes of
WM
maturation during normal development; however, they are altered following surgery.
CPB
‐induced oligodendrocyte dysmaturation, astrogliosis, and microglial expansion affect these changes.
FA
enabled capturing
CPB
‐induced cellular events 4 weeks postoperatively. Regions most resilient to
CPB
‐induced
FA
reduction were those that maintained mature oligodendrocytes.

Conclusions

Reducing alterations of oligodendrocyte development in the frontal cortex can be both a metric and a goal to improve neurodevelopmental impairment in the congenital heart disease population. Studies using this model can provide important data needed to better interpret human imaging studies.
Clinical Outcomes of Deferred Lesions With Angiographically Insignificant Stenosis But Low Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Lee Joo Myung , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Shin Eun‐Seok , Nam Chang‐Wook , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Hu Xinyang , Ye Fei , Chen Shaoliang , Yang Junqing , Chen Jiyan , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Matsuo Hitoshi , Takashima Hiroaki , Shiono Yasutsugu , Hwang Doyeon , Park Jonghanne , Kim Kyung‐Jin , Akasaka Takashi , Wang Jianan
Published: September 2017

Background

Data are limited regarding outcomes of deferred lesions in patients with angiographically insignificant stenosis but low fractional flow reserve (
FFR
). We investigated the natural history of angiographically insignificant stenosis with low
FFR
among patients who underwent routine 3‐vessel
FFR
measurement.

Methods and Results

From December 2011 to March 2014, 1136 patients with 3298 vessels underwent routine 3‐vessel
FFR
measurement (3V
FFR
‐
FRIENDS
study,
ClinicalTrials.gov
identifier
NCT
01621438), and this study analyzed the 2‐year clinical outcomes of 1024 patients with 2124 lesions with angiographically insignificant stenosis (percentage of diameter stenosis <50%), in which revascularization was deferred. All lesions were classified according to
FFR
values, using a cutoff of 0.80 (high
FFR
>0.80 versus low
FFR
≤0.80). The primary end point was outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven revascularization) at 2 years. Mean angiographic percentage of diameter stenosis and
FFR
of total lesions were 32.5±10.3% and 0.91±0.08%, respectively. Among the total lesions with angiographically insignificant stenosis, 8.7% showed low
FFR
(185 lesions). The incidence of lesions with low
FFR
was 2.5%, 3.8%, 9.0%, and 15.1% in categories of percentage of diameter stenosis <20%, 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, and 40% to 50%, respectively. At 2‐year follow‐up, the low‐
FFR
group showed a significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with the high
FFR
group (3.3% versus 1.2%, hazard ratio: 3.371; 95%
CI,
1.346–8.442;
P
=0.009). In multivariable analysis, low
FFR
was the most powerful independent predictor of future
MACE
in deferred lesions with angiographically insignificant stenosis (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.617; 95%
CI
, 1.026–6.679;
P
=0.044).

Conclusions

In deferred angiographically insignificant stenosis, lesions with low
FFR
showed significantly higher event rates than those with high
FFR
.
FFR
was an independent predictor of future major adverse cardiovascular events in lesions with angiographically insignificant stenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01621438.
Blood Pressure Response to Main Renal Artery and Combined Main Renal Artery Plus Branch Renal Denervation in Patients With Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Fengler Karl , Ewen Sebastian , Höllriegel Robert , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Kulenthiran Saaraaken , Lauder Lucas , Cremers Bodo , Schuler Gerhard , Linke Axel , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix , Lurz Philipp
Published: September 2017

Background

Single‐electrode ablation of the main renal artery for renal sympathetic denervation showed mixed blood pressure (
BP
)‐lowering effects. Further improvement of the technique seems crucial to optimize effectiveness of the procedure. Because sympathetic nerve fibers are closer to the lumen in the distal part of the renal artery, treatment of the distal main artery and its branches has been shown to reduce variability in treatment effects in preclinical studies and a recent randomized trial. Whether this optimized technique improves clinical outcomes remains uncertain. We report a 2‐center experience of main renal artery and combined main renal artery plus branches renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension using a multielectrode catheter.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐five patients with therapy‐resistant hypertension underwent renal sympathetic denervation with combined main renal artery and renal branch ablation and were compared to matched controls undergoing an ablation of the main renal artery only.
BP
change was assessed by ambulatory measurement at baseline and after 3 months. At baseline,
BP
was balanced between the groups. After 3 months,
BP
changed significantly in the combined ablation group (systolic/diastolic 24‐hour mean and daytime mean
BP
−8.5±9.8/−7.0±10.7 and −9.4±9.8/−7.1±13.5 mm Hg,
P
<0.001/0.003 and <0.001/0.016, respectively), but not in patients with main artery treatment (−3.5±11.1/−2.0±7.6 and −2.8±10.9/−1.8±7.7 mm Hg,
P
=0.19/0.20 and 0.19/0.24, respectively). Systolic daytime
BP
was significantly more reduced in patients with combined ablation than in patients with main artery ablation (
P
=0.033).

Conclusions

Combined ablation of the main renal artery and branches appears to improve
BP
‐lowering efficacy and should be further investigated.
Prognostic Value of the CHADS
2
Score for Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation—A Multi‐Center Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Tabata Noriaki , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Hokimoto Seiji , Yamashita Takayoshi , Sueta Daisuke , Takashio Seiji , Arima Yuichiro , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Kojima Sunao , Kaikita Koichi , Matsui Kunihiko , Fujimoto Kazuteru , Sakamoto Kenji , Shimomura Hideki , Tsunoda Ryusuke , Hirose Toyoki , Nakamura Natsuki , Sakaino Naritsugu , Nakamura Shinichi , Yamamoto Nobuyasu , Matsumura Toshiyuki , Kajiwara Ichiro , Koide Shunichi , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Nakao Koichi , Oshima Shuichi , Tsujita Kenichi ,   Kumamoto Intervention Conference Study (KICS) Investigators
Published: September 2017

Background

The
CHADS
2
score has mainly been used to predict the likelihood of cerebrovascular accidents in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, increasing attention is being paid to this scoring system for risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated the value of the
CHADS
2
score in predicting cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events in coronary artery disease patients without atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

This was a multicenter, observational cohort study. The subjects had been admitted to one of the participating institutions with coronary artery disease requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. We calculated the
CHADS
2
scores for 7082 patients (mean age, 69.7 years; males, 71.9%) without clinical evidence of atrial fibrillation. Subjects were subdivided into low‐ (0–1), intermediate‐ (2–3), and high‐score (4–6) groups and followed for 1 year. The end point was a composite of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke at 1‐year follow‐up. Rates of triple‐vessel/left main trunk disease correlated positively with
CHADS
2
score categories.
CHADS
2
scores among single, double, and triple‐vessel/left main trunk groups were 2 (1–2), 2 (1–3), and 2 (2–3), respectively (
P
<0.001). A total of 194 patients (2.8%) had a cardiovascular/cerebrovascular event, and Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events in proportion to a higher
CHADS
2
score (log‐rank test,
P
<0.001). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis identified
CHADS
2
score (per 1 point) as an independent predictor of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95%
CI
, 1.17–1.47;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

This large cohort study indicated that the
CHADS
2
score is useful for the prediction of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events in coronary artery disease patients without atrial fibrillation.
α
1
‐Adrenergic Receptors Function Within Hetero‐Oligomeric Complexes With Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 and Chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) Receptor 4 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Albee Lauren J. , Eby Jonathan M. , Tripathi Abhishek , LaPorte Heather M. , Gao Xianlong , Volkman Brian F. , Gaponenko Vadim , Majetschak Matthias
Published: September 2017

Background

Recently, we provided evidence that α
1
‐adrenergic receptors (
ARs
) in vascular smooth muscle are regulated by chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor (
CXCR
) 4 and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (
ACKR
3). While we showed that
CXCR
4 controls α
1
‐
ARs
through formation of heteromeric receptor complexes in human vascular smooth muscle cells (
hVSMCs
), the molecular basis underlying cross‐talk between
ACKR
3 and α
1
‐
ARs
is unknown.

Methods and Results

We show that
ACKR
3 agonists inhibit inositol trisphosphate production in
hVSMCs
on stimulation with phenylephrine. In proximity ligation assays and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments, we observed that recombinant and endogenous
ACKR
3 form heteromeric complexes with α
1A/B/D
‐
AR
. While small interfering RNA knockdown of
ACKR
3 in
hVSMCs
reduced α
1B/D
‐
AR
:
ACKR
3,
CXCR
4:
ACKR
3, and α
1B/D
‐
AR
:
CXCR
4 complexes, small interfering RNA knockdown of
CXCR
4 reduced α
1B/D
‐
AR
:
ACKR
3 heteromers. Phenylephrine‐induced inositol trisphosphate production from
hVSMCs
was abolished after
ACKR
3 and
CXCR
4 small interfering RNA knockdown. Peptide analogs of transmembrane domains 2/4/7 of
ACKR
3 showed differential effects on heteromerization between
ACKR
3, α
1A/B/D
‐
AR,
and
CXCR
4. While the transmembrane domain 2 peptide interfered with α
1B/D
‐
AR
:
ACKR
3 and
CXCR
4:
ACKR
3 heteromerization, it increased heteromerization between
CXCR
4 and α
1A/B
‐
AR
. The transmembrane domain 2 peptide inhibited
ACKR
3 but did not affect α
1b
‐
AR
in β‐arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, the transmembrane domain 2 peptide inhibited phenylephrine‐induced inositol trisphosphate production in hVSMCs and attenuated phenylephrine‐induced constriction of mesenteric arteries.

Conclusions

α
1
‐
ARs
form hetero‐oligomeric complexes with the
ACKR
3:
CXCR
4 heteromer, which is required for α
1B/D
‐
AR
function, and activation of
ACKR
3 negatively regulates α
1
‐
AR
s. G protein–coupled receptor hetero‐oligomerization is a dynamic process, which depends on the relative abundance of available receptor partners. Endogenous α
1
‐
AR
s function within a network of hetero‐oligomeric receptor complexes.
A new marine alga, Pterocladiella andresii sp. nov. (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) and its relationship to P. caloglossoides from Pacific South America
Authors: BOO GA HUN , CALDERON MARTHA S. , BOO SUNG MIN
Published: September 2017

The taxonomy of Pterocladiella from Pacific South America remains less studied. On the basis of morphological observations and mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL sequences, we describe a new species, P. andresii, from Chile and characterize recently collected specimens of P. caloglossoides from Peru, the first verified since Howe’s original collections of the type. Pterocladiella andresii is distinguished by small turfs of simple, narrow, compressed thalli that are rarely irregularly branched, and possess rhizines in the medulla, tetrasporangial sori with sterile a margin, and v-shaped to irregularly arranged tetrasporangia. New collections of Pterocladiella caloglossoides from northern Peru accord well with its original description. Both cox1 and rbcL phylogenies revealed that P. andresii was sister to P. caloglossoides from Peru, and this group formed a clade with P. luxurians from California, USA. Morphological differences among P. andresii and its putative relatives are presented.
Phyllanthus eremitus (Phyllanthaceae), a narrowly endemic new species from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and lectotypification and range extension of P. hyssopifolioides
Authors: FUNEZ LUÍS ADRIANO , HASSEMER GUSTAVO
Published: September 2017

This contribution describes Phyllanthus eremitus, an extremely narrowly endemic new species from an arenitic rock outcrop in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. We assess the conservation status of the new species as critically endangered, because only one population is known, containing less than 30 mature individuals, and it is outside any environmental protection area. We provide a detailed morphological description, a distribution map and photographs of the new species. In addition to that, we lectotypify the name P. hyssopifolioides and present the first records of this species in Santa Catarina, which were discovered during field and herbarium work. Finally, we provide an updated identification key to Phyllanthus in Santa Catarina.
Trigonella coerulescens subsp. ayvalikensis (Fabaceae), a new taxon from Balιkesir, western Anatolia
Authors: ERDOĞAN EYÜP , SELVİ SELAMİ , TÜMEN GÜLENDAM
Published: September 2017

Trigonella coerulescens subsp. ayvalikensis (Fabaceae) is described and illustrated from western Anatolia, Turkey. It grows on sandy soil and flowers from March to May in coastal areas. Diagnostic characters are given and the taxon compared to the other two subspecies; Trigonella coerulescens subsp. coerulescens and Trigonella coerulescens subsp. kemerensis.
Checklist of the freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mongolia
Authors: VINARSKI MAXIM V. , PALATOV DMITRY M. , MARINSKIY VADIM V.
Published: September 2017

The paper is the first illustrated check-list of the freshwater Gastropoda of the state of Mongolia. The authors examined their own samplings made in 2009–2012 as well as collections of other explorers and zoological museums (mostly those of Russia). In total, 35 nominal species of four families (Valvatidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, and Planorbidae) have been included into annotated list, with remarks on their distribution, ecology, taxonomic status, and nomenclature. All species are illustrated by pictures of their shells (including some type specimens). The fauna of freshwater Gastropoda of Mongolia is taxonomically impoverished as compared to the fauna of southern Siberia and other adjacent areas. In particular, no representatives of such families as Acroloxidae and Bithyniidae were found to live there as well as no species of Anisus, Aplexa, Planorbarius, Planorbis, Stagnicola and some other genera of aquatic snails broadly distributed in Palearctic. From the zoogeographic point of view, the recent fauna of aquatic Gastropoda of Mongolia consists of species belonging to three diversification centers—northwestern Palearctic, Siberian, and Central-South Asian. The only species endemic to Mongolia is Choanomphalus mongolicus inhabiting the Hövsgöl Lake. A brief history of formation of the recent Mongolian fauna of freshwater snails is provided.
Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the
northern South China Sea
Authors: FU SUJING , BOUCHER GUY , CAI LIZHE
Published: September 2017

Two new ovoviviparous nematode species are described from South China Sea. Bendiella vivipara n. sp. belongs to the family Selachinematidae and is characterized by a cuticle with lateral differentiation of 2–4 longitudinal rows of dots, and the presence of 3 papillose precloacal supplements. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. is characterized by a cuticle with lateral longitudinal unstriated band extending from about the middle of the pharynx to the anterior two-thirds of the tail and a vulva situated far posteriorly. The importance of ovoviviparity in free living marine nematodes is discussed.
Taxonomy of the Sand Sliders of Western Australia’s central coast (genus Lerista, Squamata: Scincidae): recognition of Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867)
Authors: AMEY ANDREW P. , EDWARDS DANIELLE L.
Published: September 2017

The Dotted-Line Robust Slider, Lerista lineopunctulata (Duméril & Bibron, 1839), is widely distributed along the western coast of Western Australia. An investigation of diversity within this taxon showed a clear split between northern and southern populations in the vicinity of Jurien. Accordingly, Lerista lineopunctulata is restricted to the southern population while the northern is recognised as Lerista miopus (Günther, 1867). Both taxa are redescribed and diagnosed and a neotype for L. miopus is designated.
Wind-Blown Dust Modeling Using a Backward-Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model
Authors: Mallia Derek V. , Kochanski Adam , Wu Dien , Pennell Chris , Oswald Whitney , Lin John C.
Published: September 2017

Presented here is a new dust modeling framework that uses a backward-Lagrangian particle dispersion model coupled with a dust emission model, both driven by meteorological data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. This new modeling framework was tested for the spring of 2010 at multiple sites across northern Utah. Initial model results for March–April 2010 showed that the model was able to replicate the 27–28 April 2010 dust event; however, it was unable to reproduce a significant wind-blown dust event on 30 March 2010. During this event, the model significantly underestimated PM2.5 concentrations (4.7 vs 38.7 μg m−3) along the Wasatch Front. The backward-Lagrangian approach presented here allowed for the easy identification of dust source regions with misrepresented land cover and soil types, which required an update to WRF. In addition, changes were also applied to the dust emission model to better account for dust emitted from dry lake basins. These updates significantly improved dust model simulations, with the modeled PM2.5 comparing much more favorably to observations (average of 30.3 μg m−3). In addition, these updates also improved the timing of the frontal passage within WRF. The dust model was also applied in a forecasting setting, with the model able to replicate the magnitude of a large dust event, albeit with a 2-h lag. These results suggest that the dust modeling framework presented here has potential to replicate past dust events, identify source regions of dust, and be used for short-term forecasting applications.
Carbon Dioxide and Methane in the China Sea Shelf Boundary Layer Observed by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Authors: Zang Kun-Peng , Zhou Ling-Xi , Wang Ju-Ying
Published: September 2017

High-accuracy continuous ship-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to simultaneously measure the mixing ratios of the carbon dioxide and methane in the China Sea shelf boundary layer for the first time, from 22 March to 2 April 2013. The mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 ranged from 397.40 to 432.40 µmol mol−1 and from 1812.8 to 2068.7 nmol mol−1, respectively. Measurement data showed latitudinal distributions, with a slight fluctuation between 35.52° and 22.00°N but a sharp decline from 22.00° to 20.50°N. This distribution was not only the result of airmass transport from the Asian continent and Pacific Ocean induced by winter monsoon and trade winds but also by air–sea exchange and atmospheric chemical processes. Moreover, mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 showed a temporal and spatial correlation that was possibly due to the effects of multisource air masses and their mixed status.
The Employment Effects of State Hiring Credits
Authors: Neumark David , Grijalva Diego
Published: September 2017

State and federal policymakers grappling with the aftermath of the Great Recession sought ways to spur job creation, in many cases adopting hiring credits to encourage employers to create new jobs. Virtually no evidence is available, however, on the effects of these kinds of counter-recessionary hiring credits, with the only evidence coming from much earlier studies of the federal New Jobs Tax Credit in the 1970s. This article provides evidence on the effects of state hiring credits on job growth. Some specific types of hiring credits—including those targeting the unemployed, those that allow states to recapture credits when job creation goals are not met, and refundable hiring credits—appear to have succeeded in boosting job growth, particularly during the Great Recession period and perhaps also during recessions in general. At the same time, some evidence suggests that these credits can generate much more hiring than net employment growth, consistent with the credits encouraging churning of employees that raises the cost of producing jobs through hiring credits.
Partnership Practices, Labor Relations Climate, and Employee Attitudes: Evidence from China
Authors: Xi Meng , Xu Qin , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Shuming
Published: September 2017

As the labor relations climate in China has deteriorated in recent years, some firms have turned to partnership approaches. Using data collected from HR managers and employees in 190 companies in five provinces of China, this study tests the applicability of partnership theory for Chinese enterprises. It identifies eight dimensions of partnership practices and examines their effectiveness in improving the labor relations climate and employee attitudes. Results show that partnership practices are positively associated with labor relations climate and employee attitudes, and that labor relations climate mediates the relationship between partnership practices and employee attitudes (i.e., affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention). These findings contribute to the literature on partnership and labor relations climate and the operationalization of partnership, and its effects, in the Chinese context.
Study of the factors at admission predicting the outcome in patients with attempted suicidal hanging
Authors: D’sa Shilpa Reynal , Nair Shalini , Joe Philip Vinu , Reji Kent Kuzhiyelil , Karuppusamy Reka , Joseph Mathew
Published: September 2017

Our study sought to identify factors at presentation which can predict the outcome after an attempted hanging. A retrospective analysis of patients over a 12-year period was carried out. A poor outcome was found in 17.8% and this could be predicted by the presence of myoclonus, a Glasgow coma motor score of ≤3 or an abnormal chest radiograph.
Patterns of Population and Urban Growth in Southwest Europe: 1920-2010
Authors: Chatel Cathy , Morillas-Torné Mateu , Esteve Albert , Martí-Henneberg Jordi
Published: September 2017

This work seeks to measure, locate, and explain changes in the distribution of population and urban growth in the territory formed by France, Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula between 1920 and 2010. This is based on population data of more than fifty-six thousand local units obtained from population censuses: the Geokhoris database that we built. Our starting viewpoint is that it is only possible to understand the extent of the urbanization process within the context of the evolution of all of the municipalities. The description of the distribution and growth of population at the local level shows the population concentration in the various urban agglomerations, and, since 1970, a relative deconcentration and extension of the cities. Within this context, a regression model helped us to identify the geographic factors that correlate with these fundamental transformations in population geography, which were also indicative of new forms of social organization within the territory.
Working with hate crime offenders
Authors: Felsinger Jeannie , Fyfe Carmen-Maria , Smith David
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses the experience of the ADAPT programme for perpetrators of racially motivated offences. It argues that lessons can be drawn from the content of the programme and its evaluation that are particularly relevant in a context in which xenophobic resentment has acquired an air of political legitimacy, following the EU referendum in Britain and the election of Donald Trump. The paper suggests the kinds of evaluation of such programmes which may be helpful, and that the current political context may require practitioners not only to work with the immediate issues of offending but to become involved more broadly in educational and political interventions.