bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA alteration‐based classification of uveal melanoma gives better prognostic stratification than immune infiltration, which has a neutral effect in high‐risk group
Authors: Narasimhaiah Deepti , Legrand Catherine , Damotte Diane , Remark Romain , Munda Marco , De Potter Patrick , Coulie Pierre G. , Vikkula Miikka , Godfraind Catherine
Published: April 2019

Background

In uveal melanomas, immune infiltration is a marker of poor prognosis. This work intended to decipher the biological characteristics of intra‐tumor immune population, compare it to other established biomarkers and to patients' outcome.

Methods

Primary, untreated, and mainly large uveal melanomas with retinal detachment were analyzed using: transcriptomic profiling (n = 15), RT‐qPCR (n = 36), immunohistochemistry (n = 89), Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) for copy number alterations (CNA) analysis (n = 89), array‐CGH (n = 17), and survival statistics (n = 86).

Results

Gene expression analysis divided uveal melanomas into two groups, according to the IFNγ/STAT1‐IRF1 pathway activation. Tumors with IFNγ‐signature had poorer prognosis and showed increased infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. Cox multivariate analyses of immune cell infiltration with MLPA data delineated better prognostic value for three prognostic groups (three‐tier stratification) than two (two‐tier stratification). CNA‐based model comprising monosomy 3, 8q amplification, and LZTS1and NBL1 deletions emerged as the best predictor for disease‐free survival. It outperformed immune cell infiltration in receiver operating characteristic curves. The model that combined CNA and immune infiltration defined risk‐groups according to the number of DNA alterations. Immune cell infiltration was increased in the high‐risk group (73.7%), where it did not correlate with patient survival, while it was associated with poorer outcome in the intermediate risk‐group.

Conclusions

High degree of immune cell infiltration occurs in a subset of uveal melanomas, is interferon‐gamma‐related, and associated with poor survival. It allows for two‐tier stratification, which is prognostically less efficient than a three‐tier one. The best prognostic stratification is by CNA model with three risk‐groups where immune cell infiltration impacts only some subgroups.
Patent foramen ovale: What cardiologists and neurologists need to know
Authors: Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: April 2019

Key Points

In the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO), a transient ischemic attack is indistinguishable from a complex migraine. Both have transient neurologic deficits with a normal MRI.

The size of a PFO by echo should not be a criterion for closure. A stroke or peripheral embolus associated with a PFO is the indication for closure.

Informed consent for PFO closure should include the warning that about 1 in 500 cases require device removal through open‐heart surgery.
Impact of COPD on outcomes in hospitalized patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation or surgical aortic valve replacement in Spain
Authors: de Miguel‐Diez Javier , López‐de‐Andrés Ana , Hernández‐Barrera Valentín , Méndez‐Bailón Manuel , de Miguel‐Yanes José M. , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To describe the use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and conventional surgery (SAVR) among hospitalized patients with and without COPD, to compare the in‐hospital mortality (IHM), length of hospital stay (LOHS) and cost between patients with COPD undergoing TAVI and SAVR and to identify factors associated to IHM among these patients.

Background

TAVI would be expected to be less invasive and safer than SAVR among COPD patients.

Methods

We analyzed patients whose medical procedures included TAVI and SAVR included in the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, 2014–2015. We stratified analysis by COPD status. Propensity score matching (1:2) was performed to assess the outcomes of TAVI vs. SAVR among COPD patients.

Results

We identified 2,141 and 16,013 patients who underwent TAVI (27.60% with COPD) and SAVR (19.31% with COPD) respectively. For TAVI, we found no differences in IHM according to COPD status. Patients undergoing SAVR and suffering COPD had higher IHM than patients without COPD (adj.OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.10–1.58). After propensity score matching, IHM (8.35% vs. 5.83%, p = .040) and LOHS (18.62 days vs. 13.62; p < .001) were higher in COPD patients who underwent SAVR than those who underwent TAVI.

Conclusions

COPD patients undergoing TAVI did not have a worse prognosis compared to non‐COPD patients during hospitalization. However, for SAVR, patients with COPD had significantly higher mortality than patients without this condition. COPD patients who underwent SAVR had higher IHM and LOHS than propensity score matched TAVI patients.
Moringa‐Seed‐Based Coagulant Removes Microcystins Dissolved in Water
Authors: Gouvea‐Barros Selma , Bittencourt‐Oliveira Maria d. C. , Paterniani José E. S.
Published: April 2019

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms commonly occur in bodies of water used to supply drinking water, leading to the presence of high concentrations of toxins in the water. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins are the most frequently encountered in aquatic ecosystems. They have been associated with animal and human intoxication, illness, and death. Most of the chemical and physical methods employed by water control managers to control cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are neither cost effective nor efficient. As an alternative, using natural coagulants that are biodegradable and easily deployed for water purification in small human communities have been proposed. In the present study, 28 assays are carried out using the jar test to investigate the effect of stirring rotation (time and speed), pH, and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera L. seeds (AqMO) on the cells, turbidity, and removal of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and extracellular microcystins. Cell removal efficiency ranged from −22.6 ± 1.3 to 85.8 ± 0.6%, and the reduction in turbidity ranged from −14.0 ± 3.1 to 87.4 ± 0.3% as a function of the different treatments. According to the critical value predicted, an AqMO dose of 540 mg L−1 combined with an initial cell density of 10 × 105 cells mL−1 will completely remove M. aeruginosa cells and significantly decrease extracellular microcystins content (ca. 54.4 ± 7.9%). These results show promise for the development of effective treatments of potable water contaminated with cyanobacteria and microcystins in rural and isolated areas, thereby reducing the public health risks associated with these organisms.
DHGAN: Generative adversarial network with dark channel prior for single‐image dehazing
Authors: Wu Wenxia , Zhu Jinxiu , Su Xin , Zhang Xuewu
Published: April 2019

Image dehazing technology has attracted much interest in the field of image processing. Most existing dehazing methods based on neural networks are inflexible and do not consider the loss in haze‐related feature space. They sacrificed texture details and perceptual characteristics in images. To overcome these weaknesses, we propose an image‐to‐image dehazing model based on generative adversarial networks (DHGAN) with dark channel prior. The DHGAN takes a hazy image as input and directly outputs a haze‐free image by applying a U‐net‐based generator. In addition to pixelwise loss and perceptual loss, we introduce dark‐channel‐minimizing loss to constrain the generated images to the manifold of natural images, thus leading to better texture details and perceptual properties. Comparative experiments on benchmark images with several state‐of‐the‐art dehazing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DHGAN.
Cognitive security paradigm for cloud computing applications
Authors: Ogiela Lidia , Ogiela Marek R.
Published: April 2019

This article presents new paradigms of confidential data protection. New classes of paradigms are dedicated to enhancing the already‐known cryptographic solutions belonging to the group of data sharing schemes. Data sharing schemes are dedicated to executing data protection tasks by means of splitting data into parts (called shadows) and distributing those shadows among a group of secret trustees. This process is enriched by linguistic and biometric solutions to guarantee protection of the shared data by means of biometric labeling or by means of user verification with the application of meaning interpretation of individual secret parts. The novelty in this solution is in the application of cognitive algorithms to describe correctly the shared secret. Cognitive paradigms guarantee an execution of information concealment protocols and their division at various levels of knowledge held by individual protocol participants. The paradigms of cognitive description of the concealed data have been introduced into a new class of data sharing protocols, ie, into the linguistic‐biometric threshold schemes. A special feature of the proposed solution is its universality, which is a possibility to apply the here‐discussed threshold schemes in the processes of data concealment with varying importance. At the same time, this solution can be applied to execute data protection tasks against unauthorized acquisition or disclosure. This paper will present also the possibilities of application of the paradigms presented here to conceal data dedicated to the data management processes.
Unveiling Electrochemical Reaction Pathways of CO2 Reduction to CN Species at S‐Vacancies of MoS2
Authors: Kang Sungwoo , Han Seungwu , Kang Youngho
Published: April 2019

Although C1 species such as CO and CH4 constitute the majority of CO2 reduction (CO2 R) products on known catalysts, recent experiments showed that 1‐propanol with two C−C bonds is produced as the main CO2 R product on MoS2 single crystals in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the CO2 R mechanism on MoS2 is investigated by using first‐principle calculations. Focusing on S‐vacancies (VS) as the catalytic site, potential free‐energy pathways to various CO2 R products are obtained by means of a computational hydrogen electrode model. The results underline the role of HCHO, which is one of the elemental C1 products, in opening pathways to CN species for N>1. Key steps to increase C−C bonds are the adsorption of HCHO at the VS site and binding of another HCHO to the adsorbed one. The predicted products and theoretical working potentials to open their pathways are consistent with experiments, which indicates that VS is an important active site for CO2 R on the MoS2 basal plane.
Salinity, microbe and carbonate mineral relationships in brackish and hypersaline lake sediments: A case study from the tropical Pacific coral atoll of Kiritimati
Authors: Schmitt Susan , Conroy Jessica L. , Flynn Theodore M. , Sanford Robert A. , Higley Melinda C. , Chen Mingfei , Fouke Bruce W.
Published: April 2019

Microbiological activity can exert a substantial influence on carbonate mineral precipitation, but linking specific microbiological processes to carbonate minerals in an environmental setting is complex, as both abiotic and biotic factors ultimately influence carbonate mineral precipitation. The coral atoll of Kiritimati, Republic of Kiribati (1.9°N, 157.4°W), in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, contains hundreds of shallow water brackish to hypersaline lakes that contain a range of carbonate and evaporite minerals. Previous studies of Kiritimati lakes have investigated the microbial communities of finely laminated microbial mats and associated microbialites found in several of the more hypersaline lakes on the island. However, the microbial communities of the more brackish lakes are unknown. These brackish lakes precipitate metres of fine‐grained carbonate muds, which are useful for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Here, the relationships between carbonate abundance, mineralogy, water chemistry, and bacterial and archaeal communities are investigated in a suite of brackish to hypersaline lakes (8.7‐190 ppt) on Kiritimati. Next generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria and archaea indicate that brackish lake sediments contain distinct microbial communities. In relation to carbonate precipitation, the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, Choloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria is greater in the brackish lake sediments, suggesting photosynthesis and sulphate reduction associated with these taxa may strongly influence alkalinity and carbonate precipitation in brackish lakes. The presence of dolomite in certain hypersaline lakes also coincided with the presence of a methanogenic family, indicating that methogenesis may contribute to dolomite precipitation in these lakes.
Evaluation of introgressive hybridization among Cervidae in Japan's Kinki District via two novel genetic markers developed from public NGS data
Authors: Matsumoto Yuki , Takagi Toshihito , Koda Ryosuke , Tanave Akira , Yamashiro Asuka , Tamate Hidetoshi B.
Published: April 2019

Hybridization and backcrossing of native populations with introduced species can lead to introgression and genetic alteration. In this study, we evaluated introgression in 43 deer from a potential hybrid zone around Okinoshima Island, Kinki District, Japan. This region witnessed the migration of a hybrid population (cross between the Formosan sika deer [Cervus nippon taiouanus] and other deer species) that could potentially breed with the native Japanese sika deer (C. n. centralis). We used an existing genetic marker for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two novel markers for nuclear DNA, developed using publicly available next‐generation sequencing data. We identified one mainland deer with a mitochondrial haplotype identical to that of the Formosan sika deer as well as nuclear heterozygous sequences identical to those of Formosan and Japanese sika deer. This suggests that the mainland deer is a hybrid offspring of the Okinoshima population and native deer. However, only Japanese sika deer sequences were found in the other 42 samples, indicating limited introgression. Nevertheless, hybridization pre‐ and postintroduction in the Okinoshima population could cause multispecies introgression among Japanese sika deer, negatively affecting genetic integrity. We developed a simple test based on polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect introgression in natural populations. Our method can accelerate genetic monitoring of Japanese sika deer in Kinki District. In conclusion, to prevent further introgression and maintain genetic integrity of Japanese sika deer, we recommend establishing fences around Okinoshima Island to limit migration, besides a continued genetic monitoring of the native deer.
Infection sequence alters disease severity—Effects of the sequential exposure of two larval trematodes to Polypedates cruciger tadpoles
Authors: Pathirana Nuwandi U. K. , Meegaskumbura Madhava , Rajakaruna Rupika S.
Published: April 2019

Multiple pathogens coexist in nature, and hence, host species often encounter several pathogens simultaneously. The sequence in which the host encounters the parasites influences interactions between parasites and host pathology. Here, the effects of infection by two cercaria (larvae of trematodes) types, pleurolophocercous cercaria of Acanthostomum burminis and a furcocercous cercaria, on the tadpoles of common hourglass tree frog (Polypedates cruciger) were examined. Ten days posthatch, tadpoles (Gosner stage 27/28) were used for infection exposures. First, in a single infection each cercaria type was introduced to the tadpoles separately. Second, coinfection of the two cercaria was carried out by alternating the sequences of exposure. For all the experiments, appropriate controls were instituted. Tadpoles of all groups exposed to parasites had lower survival levels compared to controls. Among the four groups exposed, the highest survival was observed in the coinfection when furcocercous was introduced first (82.5%). The lowest survival was observed in the coinfection when the A. burminis cercaria was introduced first (65.0%). In the coinfections, when A. burminis was introduced prior to furcocercous, survival of the tadpoles was reduced by 17.0% compared to the exposures of furcocercous prior to A. burminis. Prior infection with A. burminis induced negative effect on the host with an increased infection severity, while prior infection with furcocercous had reduced infection severity than lone exposures. These results suggest that furcocercous infections can be beneficial for hosts challenged with A. burminis provided that A. burminis exposure occurs second. None of the treatments had an effect on the growth of the tadpoles, but lengthening of developmental period was observed in some exposures. All exposed tadpoles developed malformations which were exclusively axial—kyphosis and scoliosis. However, there was no difference in the number of malformed individuals in the single infection (19.0%–25.0%) compared to coinfection (20.0%–22.5%) or between coinfections. The results suggest that the sequence of parasite exposure affects host–parasite interactions and hence the disease outcomes. Understanding the effects of coinfection on disease outcomes for hosts provides insight into disease dynamics.
Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Ponton Fleur , Than Anh , Taylor Phillip W. , Chapman Toni , Morimoto Juliano
Published: April 2019

In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval development and adult traits.

Here, we addressed this gap by considering how key ecological factors of larval density, diet nutritional composition, and microbial growth interact to modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (aka “Queensland fruit fly”).

Larvae were allowed to develop at two larval densities (low and high), on diets that were protein‐rich, standard, or sugar‐rich and prepared with or without preservatives to inhibit or encourage microbial growth, respectively.

Percentage of adult emergence and adult sex ratio were not affected by the interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatments, although low preservative content increased adult emergence in sugar‐rich diets but decreased adult emergence in protein‐rich and standard diets.

Pupal weight, male and female adult dry weight, and female (but not male) body energetic reserves were affected by a strong three‐way interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatment, whereby in general, low preservative content increased pupal weight and female lipid storage in sugar‐rich diets particularly at low‐larval density and differentially modulated the decrease in adult body weight caused by larval density across diets.

Our findings provide insights into the ecological factors modulating larval development of a polyphagous fly species and shed light into the ecological complexity of the larval developmental environment in frugivorous insects.
Habitat selection and migration of the common shrimp, Palaemon paucidens in Lake Biwa, Japan—An eDNA‐based study
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Kawano Ken , Ishikawa Toshiyuki , Sakata Masayuki K. , Nakao Ryohei , Hiraiwa Masayoshi K. , Tsuji Satsuki , Yamanaka Hiroki , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: April 2019

Palaemon paucidens has a large population and is an important food source for fish in Lake Biwa, Japan. They are abundant in shallow waters from spring to summer, after which most individuals migrate to offshore deep areas where they remain during autumn and winter. However, some individuals are nonmigratory, remaining in shallow waters over winter. It has been reported that P. paucidens individuals have declined in recent years; a better understanding of its seasonal distribution is needed to manage this species, and basic information on its seasonal distribution is indispensable. We tracked the environmental DNA (eDNA) distribution of P. paucidens in Lake Biwa over a year using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. We collected water samples from offshore (both from the surface and from the benthic) and from shallow shore sites adjacent to the shorelines of the main lake and connecting freshwater lagoons. Offshore sampling took place in summer and winter, and shallow shore and lagoon sampling in all four seasons. During summer, eDNA concentrations were significantly higher in shallow and lagoon areas than offshore bottom sites. Conversely, during winter, eDNA concentrations were higher in offshore bottom sites, and relatively high and low eDNA concentrations in lagoons and shallow shore, respectively. These results most likely reflect the spatial and temporal distribution of this species in Lake Biwa. The eDNA concentrations peaked in early August at shallow shore sites in the main lake, with a significant decline in mid‐October, while low eDNA concentrations were recorded at offshore bottom sites in late August. These results suggest that P. paucidens migrates from shallow waters to offshore bottom sites between early August and mid‐October. These results provide important information for the management of this species.
Prognostic value of exercise myocardial deformation and haemodynamics in long‐term heart‐transplanted patients
Authors: Clemmensen Tor Skibsted , Eiskjær Hans , Løgstrup Brian Bridal , Valen Kamilla Pernille Bjerre , Mellemkjær Søren , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt
Published: April 2019

Aims

The study evaluated exercise left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and invasive haemodynamics for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) prediction in heart‐transplanted (HTx) patients.

Methods and results

The study comprised 74 stable consecutive HTx patients who were followed at the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from August 2013 to January 2017. All patients were transplanted a minimum of 12 months before study entry and were included at the time of their routine annual coronary angiography. A symptom‐limited haemodynamic exercise test with simultaneous echocardiographic study was performed. The primary endpoint was MACE during follow‐up defined as heart failure hospitalization, treated rejection episodes, coronary event, or cardiac death.

The median time since transplant was 5 years [1:12] and the median follow‐up was 1095 days [391;1506]. Thirty patients (41%) experienced MACE during follow‐up. Patients who suffered MACE had an impaired resting and peak exercise systolic function in form of a lower LV ejection fraction (Rest: 56 ± 12% vs. 65 ± 7%, P < 0.001; Peak 64 ± 13% vs. 72 ± 6%, P < 0.01) and LVGLS (Rest: 13 ± 4% vs. 16 ± 2%, P < 0.01; Peak: 15 ± 6% vs. 20 ± 4%, P = 0.0001) than patients without MACE episodes. In contrast, resting diastolic filling patterns were comparable between patients suffering from MACE and patients without MACE.

At rest, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP) and cardiac index did not predict MACE, whereas increased right atrial pressure (mRAP) was associated with increased MACE risk. Patients with peak exercise mPCWP >23 mmHg [hazard ratio (HR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–5.4], cardiac index <5.9 L/min/m2 (HR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0–6.3), or mRAP >13 mmHg (HR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1–6.3) had increased MACE risk.

Patients with exercise‐induced LVGLS increase <3.5% and peak exercise cardiac index <5.9 L/min/m2 [HR 6.1 (95% CI: 2.2–17.1)] or mPCWP >23 mmHg [HR 6.1 (95% CI: 2.1–17.5)] or mRAP >13 mmHg [HR 7.5 (95% CI: 2.3–23.9)] had the highest MACE risk.

Conclusions

Resting haemodynamic parameters were poor MACE predictors in long‐term HTx patients. In contrast, peak exercise mPCWP, mRAP, and CI were significant MACE predictors. LVGLS both at rest and during exercise were significant MACE predictors, and the combined model with peak exercise LVGLS and peak exercise mPCWP, mRAP, and CI clearly identified high‐risk HTx patients in relation cardiovascular endpoints independently of time since HTx.
Enrichment of Sunflower Oil with γ‐Tocopherol. Study by 1H NMR of Its Effect Under Accelerated Storage Conditions
Authors: Martínez‐Yusta Andrea , Guillén María D.
Published: April 2019

The effect of the enrichment of sunflower oil with γ‐tocopherol on the evolution of its oxidation is the subject of this study. Sunflower oil and samples of this oil enriched with different γ‐tocopherol concentrations are submitted to accelerated storage conditions and their evolution, until total polymerization is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The concentrations of linoleic acyl groups, of primary and of a great number of secondary oxidation compounds are determined throughout the process. These concentrations, and the times at which the main changes in them occur are analyzed to elucidate if they are valid markers of the global effect of γ‐tocopherol enrichment. It is proved for the first time that certain comparisons between concentrations of some of the compounds formed in oxidation can lead to erroneous conclusions about the effect of this enrichment. It is shown that, during a first short period of time under accelerated storage conditions, the higher the concentration of γ‐tocopherol the faster the degradation of linoleic acyl groups and the higher the concentration of hydroperoxides; after this first period this relationship is more complex. Generally, the higher the γ‐tocopherol concentration the slower the degradation of the oil, except in the first period.

Practical Applications: This study provides very valuable information about the effect caused by enrichment with γ‐tocopherol on sunflower oil oxidative stability and oxidation across a very broad range of concentrations. In addition, the amount of information obtained can be of great importance from several points of view because the oxidation process has been monitored globally. This may be of interest not only to researchers involved in the analysis of oxidation mechanisms but also to those in the field of technology and edible oil legislation, and even to those worried about edible oil safety and its effect on nutrition and health. Another important feature of this study, from the practical point of view, is the methodology used because it does not involve the chemical modification of the sample and the same 1H NMR spectrum is able to provide information about all the above‐mentioned aspects.

Sunflower oil enriched with different levels of γ‐tocopherol. Concentrations of primary and secondary oxidation compounds after 4 and 9 days, respectively, under accelerated storage conditions.
Optimizing selectivity of anion hydrophobic multimodal chromatography for purification of a single‐chain variable fragment
Authors: Sakhnini Laila I. , Pedersen Anja K. , León Ileana Rodríguez , Greisen Per J. , Hansen Jens Jacob , Vester‐Christensen Malene B. , Bülow Leif , Dainiak Maria B.
Published: April 2019

Single‐chain variable fragments (scFv) are widely used in several fields. However, they can be challenging to purify unless using expensive Protein L‐based affinity adsorbents or affinity tags. In this work, a purification process for a scFv using mixed‐mode (MM) chromatography was developed by design of experiments (DoE) and proteomics for host cell protein (HCP) quantification. Capture of scFv from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell feedstocks was performed by hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (MEP HyperCel™), whereafter polishing was performed by anion hydrophobic MM chromatography (Capto Adhere™). The DoE designs of the polishing step included both binding and flow‐through modes, the latter being the standard mode for HCP removal. Chromatography with Capto Adhere™ in binding‐mode with elution by linear salt gradient at pH 7.5 resulted in optimal yield, purity and HCP reduction factor of 98.9 > 98.5%, and 14, respectively. Totally, 258 different HCPs were removed, corresponding to 84% of identified HCPs. The optimized conditions enabled binding of the scFv to Capto Adhere™ below its theoretical pI, while the majority of HCPs were in the flow‐through. Surface property maps indicated the presence of hydrophobic patches in close proximity to negatively charged patches that could potentially play a role in this unique selectivity.
Electrolyte Evolution Propelling the Development of Nonlithium Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Pan Yuede , Li Suli , Yin Miaomiao , Li Junyi
Published: April 2019

Metal–sulfur batteries with sulfur cathodes and light‐weight metal anodes are promising next‐generation energy‐storage systems for their high specific capacities, high energy densities, high abundance, and potentially low cost of the electroactive materials. In the development of various metal–sulfur batteries, the electrolyte plays a central role. The electrolyte significantly affects the capacity, cycling performance, safety, and rate capability. This article reviews the recent development of the electrolyte technology applied in nonlithium metal–sulfur batteries of Na–S, K–S, Mg–S, and Al–S, in comparison with the Li–S battery electrolytes. The evolution of the electrolyte technology and how it propels the advancement of the rechargeable metal–sulfur batteries are highlighted. Finally, several considerations are given for evaluating the nonlithium metal–sulfur battery electrolytes from a practical point of view.
Conditional spectrum bidirectional record selection for risk assessment of 3D structures using scalar and vector IMs
Authors: Kohrangi Mohsen , Bazzurro Paolo , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios
Published: April 2019

Several proposals are explored for the hazard and intensity measure (IM) consistent selection of bidirectional ground motions to assess the performance of 3D structural models. Recent studies have shown the necessity of selecting records that thoroughly represent the seismicity at the site of interest, as well as the usefulness of efficient IMs capable of estimating the response of buildings with low scatter. However, the advances realized are mostly geared towards the structural analysis of 2D models. Few are the combined record, and IM selection approaches suggested expressly for nonlinear dynamic analysis of 3D structural models, especially when plan asymmetry and torsion sensitivity come into play. Conditional spectrum selection is leveraged and expanded here to offer a suite of approaches based on both scalar and vector IMs that convey information from two orthogonal horizontal components of the ground motion. Applications on multiple 3D building models highlight the importance of (a) employing the same IM for both record selection and response assessment and (b) maintaining hazard consistency in both horizontal components, when using either a scalar or a vector IM. All tested approaches that respect these conditions can be viable, yet the one based on the geometric mean of multiple spectral ordinates from both components over a period range seems to hold the most promise for general use.
Optimal power allocation for physical layer security in device‐to‐device communications using untrusted relays
Authors: Izanlou Marzieh , Mohammadi Abbas , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the physical layer security is studied in device‐to‐device (D2D) communications overlaying cellular network where a D2D pair communicates with each other through an untrusted amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay. Meanwhile, an untrusted relay acts as an eavesdropper in the network. In addition, a jammer is used to create secure communications between D2D pairs. To obtain ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), two scenarios of without jammer (WoJ) and with jammer (WJ) are investigated. In both scenarios, first, the optimal power allocation (OPA) problem is formulated and solved, and then, new closed‐form solutions are presented by calculating the ESR. Moreover, for the WJ scenario, the slope and power offset of the ESR in high signal‐to‐noise ratio are evaluated. Simulation results are presented to determine the importance of OPA and using a jammer to improve the ESR. In addition, the effects of increasing the distance between D2D pairs with each other and with untrusted relays are investigated. The simulation results validate our closed‐form expressions and show that the ESR improves with OPA, and the ESR of the WJ scenario is higher than the WoJ scenario.
Source rock assessment within a sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yogou Formation in the Termit Basin, Niger
Authors: Lai Hongfei , Li Meijun , Liu Jiguo , Mao Fengjun , Wang Zecheng , Liu Wei , Xiao Hong , Yang Lu
Published: April 2019

A preliminary sequence stratigraphic geochemical investigation was carried out to assess the areal distribution and hydrocarbon generation potential of marine mudstones of the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation in the Termit Basin, Niger. A total of three third‐order sequences (YSQ1, YSQ2, and YSQ3, from bottom to top) and nine systems tracts were identified in the Yogou Formation. Mudstones of each sequences are widely distributed throughout the study area with their maximum cumulative thickness of ~600–900 m in the Dinga and Moul depressions. The ΔlogR method was applied to establish a prediction model for predicting the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Yogou Formation mudstones. The results of this source rock evaluation indicate that thick offshore mudstones with fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential and dominated Type II to Type III kerogen widely occur in YSQ1, YSQ2, and in the LST (lowstand systems tract) and TST (transgressive systems tract) of YSQ3, while the thin lower shoreface mudstone intervals in the HST (highstand systems tract) of YSQ3 are characterized by good to excellent hydrocarbon generation potential, dominated by Type II kerogen. The present‐day thermal maturation level of source beds from the YSQ3, YSQ2, and YSQ1 has overpassed the main zone of oil generation in the depocenter of Dinga Depression, whereas the YSQ3 and part of YSQ2 source beds were still within the oil window in the depocenter of Moul Depression. The organic matter richness and hydrocarbon generation potential of source beds varies within the Yogou Formation because of changes in organic matter source during evolution of Western Africa rift basins and global sea‐level fluctuations. This study provides a practical sequence stratigraphic geochemical framework which will give a better understanding for the geochemical characteristics of source rock and support improved assessment of petroleum resources.
Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow
Authors: Charlier Jean‐Baptiste , Moussa Roger , David Pierre‐Yann , Desprats Jean‐François
Published: April 2019

The aim of this paper is to quantify peakflow attenuation and/or amplification in a river, investigating lateral flow from the intermediate catchment during floods. This is a challenge for the study of the hydrological response of permeable/intermittent streams, and our contribution refers to a modelling framework based on the inverse problem for the diffusive wave model applied in a karst catchment. Knowing the upstream and downstream hydrographs on a reach between two stations, we can model the lateral one, given information on the hydrological processes involved in the intermediate catchment. The model is applied to 33 flood events in the karst reach of the Iton River in French Normandy where peakflow attenuation is observed. The monitored zone consists of a succession of losing and gaining reaches controlled by strong surface‐water/groundwater (SW/GW) interactions. Our results show that despite a high baseflow increase in the reach, peakflow is attenuated. Model application shows that the intensity of lateral outflow for the flood component is linked to upstream discharge. A combination of river loss and overbank flow for highest floods is proposed for explaining the relationships. Our approach differentiates the role of outflow (river loss and overbank flow) and that of wave diffusion on peakflow attenuation. Based on several sets of model parameterization, diffusion is the main attenuation process for most cases, despite high river losses of up to several m3/s (half of peakflow for some parameterization strategies). Finally, this framework gives new insight into the SW/GW interactions during floods in karst basins, and more globally in basins characterized by disconnected river‐aquifer systems.
Potentially modified hydropower production under climate change in the Italian Alps
Authors: Bombelli Giovanni Martino , Soncini Andrea , Bianchi Alberto , Bocchiola Daniele
Published: April 2019

We present an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on hydropower production within a paradigmatic, very highly exploited cryospheric area of upper Valtellina valley in the Italian Alps. Based on dependable and unique hydrological measures from our high‐altitude hydrometric network Idrostelvio during 2006–2015, we set up the Poly‐Hydro model to mimic the cryospheric processes driving hydrological flow formation in this high‐altitude area. We then set up an optimization tool, which we call Poly‐Power, to maximize the revenue of the plant manager under given hydrological regimes, namely, by proper operation of the hydroelectric production scheme (reservoirs, pipelines, and power plants) of the area. We then pursue hydrological projections until 2100, feeding Poly‐Hydro with the downscaled outputs of three general circulation models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report, under the scenarios Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5. We assess hydrological flows in two reference decades, that is, at half century (2040–2049), and end of century (2090–2099). We then feed the so obtained hydrological scenarios as inputs to Poly‐Power, and we project future production of hydroelectric power, with and without reoperation of the system. The average annual stream flows for hydropower production decreases along the century under our scenarios (−21 to +7%, on average − 5% at half century; −17 to −2%, average − 8%, end of century), with ice cover melting unable to offset such decrease. Reduction in snowfall and increase in liquid rainfall are the main factors affecting the modified hydrological regime. Energy production (and revenues) at half century may increase under our scenarios (−9 to +15%, +3% on average). At the end of century in spite of a projected increase on average (−7 to +6%, +1% on average), under the warmest scenario RCP 8.5 decrease of energy production is consistently projected (−4% on average). Our results provide an array of potential scenarios of modified hydropower production under future climate change and may be used for brain storming of adaptation strategies.
What is the temperamental basis of humour like in China? A cross‐national examination and validation of the standard version of the state–trait cheerfulness inventory
Authors: Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca , Saklofske Donald H. , Yan Gonggu
Published: April 2019

The State–Trait Cheerfulness Inventory–trait version (STCI‐T60) consists of three dimensions of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood integrated to measure the temperamental basis of the sense of humour. The present study replicated the three‐dimensional factor structure of the STCI in China using 60 items consistent with other standard trait versions (e.g., English, Chilean‐Spanish). Closer examination of associations between traits suggested bad mood showed curvilinear associations with both cheerfulness and seriousness, such that cheerfulness and bad mood were negatively associated for those low and average in trait bad mood but not for those with high trait bad mood. Seriousness was positively associated with bad mood at high levels of trait bad mood, but not at average or low levels of bad mood. Associations between the STCI traits and major personality dimensions, humour styles, and well‐being were further examined. Cheerfulness and seriousness showed positive associations with satisfaction with life and emotional well‐being (EWB) while bad mood showed a curvilinear association with EWB. Using multi‐group confirmatory factor analyses, partial metric invariance was found between English and Chinese versions of the STCI‐T60, but structural invariance was not observed. Implications based on the empirical literature in dialecticism and cross‐cultural assessment were thoroughly discussed.
IRRIGATION AND ENERGY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Belaud G. , Mateos L. , Aliod R. , Buisson M.‐C. , Faci E. , Gendre S. , Ghinassi G. , Gonzales Perea R. , Lejars C. , Maruejols F. , Zapata N.
Published: April 2019

Water‐efficient agriculture has implied a large increase in energy consumption for irrigation in recent decades. In many irrigation systems, energy costs are now threatening their sustainability. However, new opportunities have arisen for the use of renewable energies in the irrigation sector. These are some of the aspects of the multifaceted multiple‐actor ‘water–food–energy' nexus. Technical, economic and environmental issues are linked in many ways, involving farmers, water users' associations, energy suppliers, engineers and other stakeholders. The ICID session ‘Irrigation and energy' triggered discussions on these multiple dimensions. This paper presents a synthesis of the presentations, discussions and conclusions.

Four main questions are addressed: How do irrigation productivity and sustainability of water resources exploitation change when farmers have access to energy? What do we know about energy efficiency in irrigation systems, at farm and collective network levels? How can this efficiency be optimized by using advanced technologies, modelling tools, improved management? Is energy production an opportunity for irrigation systems?

These questions have been posed based on multiple case studies from different parts of the world. The BRL network, in southern France, illustrates advanced strategies and opportunities to reduce energy consumption and develop energy production at a network level. General conclusions are drawn from this synthesis, illustrating trade‐offs and synergies that can be identified in the irrigation sector at different scales, while opportunities for future research are proposed. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gingival crevicular fluid semaphorin 4D and peptidylarginine deiminase‐2 levels in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Veyisoğlu Gözde , Savran Levent , Narin Figen , Yılmaz Huriye Erbak , Avşar Candeğer , Sağlam Mehmet
Published: April 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the levels of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with periodontal disease and patients with healthy periodontium and investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of these molecules.

Methods

GCF samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (C group, n = 20), patients with gingivitis (G group, n = 20), and patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group, n = 20). Sampling sites were also divided into bleeding (BP) and non‐bleeding (NBP) periodontal pocket groups in CP group. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal parameters were also recorded. GCF samplings and clinical records were also repeated at 1 and 3 months after treatment for the CP group. SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP‐8 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP‐8 total amounts were similar in CP and G groups (P ˃ 0.05) but significantly greater than the C group (P ˂ 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D and PAD2 total amounts in the BP group were significantly greater than the NBP group (P ˂ 0.05). GCF MMP‐8 total amounts were similar in BP and NBP groups (P ˃ 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP‐8 total amounts were significantly reduced at first month after treatment (P ˂ 0.05). There were positive correlations between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and all clinical parameters (P ˂ 0.01) and also between PAD2 and clinical parameters (P ˂ 0.05) except clinical attachment level. There was a positive correlation between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and GCF total amount of MMP‐8 (P ˂ 0.05).

Conclusions

It may be suggested that SEMA4D and PAD2 are related to periodontal disease. Their GCF total amounts may have a diagnostic potential. Additional studies would better clarify their role in periodontal diseases.
Intermittent parathyroid hormone promotes cementogenesis in a PKA‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent manner
Authors: Xu Yang , Lv Chunxiao , Zhang Jiawei , Li Yuyu , Li Tiancheng , Zhang Cheng , Chen Jianwei , Bai Ding , Yin Xing , Zou Shujuan
Published: April 2019

Background

Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes cementogenesis and provides a promising biotherapeutic to rehabilitate resorbed roots. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Cyclic aenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐dependent protein kinases A (PKA) and extracellular signal‐regulated MAP kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are key regulators of bone remodeling. The present study aims to investigate whether PKA and ERK1/2 are involved in the process of intermittent PTH‐promoted cementogenesis.

Methods

Sprague‐Dawley rats in experimental group (n = 30) received a daily subcutaneous injection of PTH and the control (n = 30) received placebo vehicle for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Results were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, OCCM‐30 cells were incubated with intermittent PTH. H89 and U0126 were used to determine the role of PKA and ERK1/2, respectively. The cementogenic results were analyzed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), western blotting, alkaline phosphatase activity assay and Alizarin Red S staining. The interaction of PKA and p‐ERK1/2 was determined by co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP).

Results

Intermittent PTH exerted anabolic effect on cellular cementum in developing teeth with elevated expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and PKA (catalytic subunit) in PTH injection group. The promoting effects of intermittent PTH on cementogenesis and osteogenic differentiation were abrogated by H89 and U0126 in vitro, respectively. Blocking of PKA pathway downregulated intermittent PTH‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Conclusions

Intermittent PTH promotes cementogenesis in a PKA‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent manner. In this process, PKA and p‐ERK1/2 interact with each other. These results support the future biotherapeutic applications of PTH in cementum resorption.
Surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Current practices and future directions
Authors: Kain Joshua J. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Udayakumar Neha , Morlandt Anthony B. , Stevens Todd M. , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Warram Jason M.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To discuss the current available techniques for intraoperative margin assessment in the surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through a review of the available literature.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken of the available English literature between 2008 through 2018 regarding surgical margins in OCSS. A total of 893 relevant articles were returned; 144 met criteria for review; and 64 articles were included.

Results

In this review, we discuss the data surrounding the use of frozen section in OCSS. Additionally, alternative techniques for margin assessment are discussed, including Mohs, molecular analysis, nonfluorescent dyes, fluorescent dyes, autofluorescent imaging, narrow‐band imaging, optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, high‐resolution microendoscopy, and spectroscopy. For each technique, particular emphasis is placed on the local recurrence, disease‐free survival, and overall survival rates when available.

Conclusion

This review provides support for the practice of specimen‐driven margin assessment when using frozen section analysis to improve the utility of the results. Finally, several alternatives for intraoperative margin assessment currently under investigation, including pathologic, wide‐field imaging and narrow‐field imaging techniques, are presented. We aim to fuel further investigation into methods for margin assessment that will improve survival for patients with OSCC through a critical analysis of the available techniques.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 130:128–138, 2020