bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nitrobenzoxadiazole-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for the specific imaging of H2S in inflammatory and tumor mice
Authors: Wang Wen-Xin , Wang Zhi-Qing , Tan Zhi-Ke , Mao Guo-Jiang , Chen Dong-Hua , Li Chun-Yan
Published: May 2022

A novel nitrobenzoxadiazole-based near-infrared fluorescent probe (CX-N) is synthesized for the specific detection of H2S. CX-N has been successfully applied to real-time imaging of H2S in inflammatory and tumor mice.
A cascade Fermat spiral microfluidic mixer chip for accurate detection and logic discrimination of cancer cells
Authors: Zeng Shiyu , Sun Xiaocheng , Wan Xinhua , Qian Changcheng , Yue Wenkai , Sohan A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad , Lin Xiaodong , Yin Binfeng
Published: May 2022

The developed CFSMMC for the sensitive one-step detection of cancer cells.
Charge detection mass spectrometry on human-amplified fibrils from different synucleinopathies
Authors: Tsirkou Aikaterini , Kaczorowski Flora , Verdurand Mathieu , Raffoul Rana , Pansieri Jonathan , Quadrio Isabelle , Chauveau Fabien , Antoine Rodolphe
Published: May 2022

Nanospray-charge detection mass spectrometry was performed on α-synuclein fibrils amplified from human brains and demonstrated its synergistic combination with real-time quaking-induced conversion to characterize amyloid deposits in neuropathology.
Reduction of N2O with hydrosilanes catalysed by RuSNS nanoparticles
Authors: Molinillo Pablo , Lacroix Bertrand , Vattier Florencia , Rendón Nuria , Suárez Andrés , Lara Patricia
Published: May 2022

RuSNS nanoparticles promote the conversion of the greenhouse gas N2O to non-harmful species.
Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization for the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles from 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes and α-keto acids
Authors: Katiyar Sarita , Kumar Abhishek , Sashidhara Koneni V.
Published: May 2022

Herein, we have developed a convenient and practical strategy for the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles.
Expedient cobalt-catalyzed stereospecific cascade C–N and C–O bond formation of styrene oxides with hydrazones
Authors: Mishra Manmath , Maharana Prabhat Kumar , Karjee Pallab , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: May 2022

Cobalt-catalyzed cascade C–N and C–O bond formation of styrene oxides with hydrazones is presented to produce oxadiazines. The stereoselectivity, scale-up and use of cobalt as a bifunctional catalyst under air are the important practical features.
A highly enantioselective approach towards optically active γ-amino alcohols by tin-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 1,3-amino alcohols
Authors: Song Jian , Zheng Wen-Hua
Published: May 2022

A highly enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic 1,3-amino alcoholsviaO-Acylation was achieved using a chiral organotin as the catalyst.
Crystal surface defects as possible origins of cocrystal dissociation
Authors: Eddleston Mark D. , Chow Ernest H. H. , Bučar Dejan-Krešimir , Thakuria Ranjit
Published: May 2022

Atomic force microscopy is used as a characterisation tool to investigate cocrystal dissociation under high relative humidity. Caffeine–glutaric acid as a model system showed possible role of crystal surface defects in the process of cocrystal dissociation.
An efficient treatment of ring conformations during molecular crystal structure determination from powder diffraction data
Authors: Spillman Mark J. , Shankland Norman , Shankland Kenneth
Published: May 2022

An effective and efficient method for dealing with ring systems during global optimisation-based crystal structure determination from powder diffraction data.
Novel composite color converters based on Tb1.5Gd1.5Al5O12:Ce single crystalline films and Y3Al5O12:Ce crystal substrates
Authors: Markovskyi A. , Gorbenko V. , Nizhankovskiy S. , Zorenko T. , Pakula M. , Kaczmarek M. , Fedorov A. , Zorenko Yu.
Published: May 2022

The structural, luminescence and photoconversion properties of composite color converters based on Tb1.5Gd1.5AG:Ce single crystalline films, grown by the liquid phase epitaxy method onto YAG:Ce single crystal substrates, are investigated.
Generation and reactivity of vinyltelluryl radical
Authors: Keul Felix , Mardyukov Artur
Published: May 2022

Vinyltelluryl radical and its primary oxidation products, vinyltelluro peroxy and vinyltelluroyl radicals, were generated and subsequently isolated in solid noble gas matrices.
Shape-preserving conversion of calcium carbonate tubes to self-propelled micromotors
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Steinbock Oliver
Published: May 2022

Conical and T-shaped microtubes show complex motion patterns and quasiperiodic bubble ejection. They are produced by exposing self-assembled vaterite structures to MnCl2 solutions.
The influence of iodide addition on the composition, morphology, crystal structure, and semiconductor and photoelectric properties of PbS films
Authors: Markov V. F. , Maskaeva L. N. , Mostovshchikova E. V. , Voronin V. I. , Pozdin A. V. , Beltseva A. V. , Selyanin I. O. , Baklanova I. V.
Published: May 2022

Properties of PbS films deposited in the presence of NH4I up to 0.4 M are studied. The films do not require additional photosensitization, show high volt–watt sensitivity to IR radiation (up to 1100 V W−1) and low values of time constant (≤100 μs).
Stability of a half-sandwich Os(ii) complex with indomethacin-functionalized ligand in the presence of carboxypeptidase A
Authors: Masaryk Lukáš , Muthná Darina , Halaš Petr , Zoufalý Pavel , Peterová Eva , Havelek Radim , Drahoš Bohuslav , Milde David , Mrkvicová Alena , Štarha Pavel
Published: May 2022

The hydrolytically stable half-sandwich complex [Os(η6-pcym)(L2)Cl]PF6 (2) partially releases the bioactive substituent indomethacin in the presence of carboxypeptidase A.
Multinuclear Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes of a meso 6 + 6 macrocyclic amine derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane and 2,6-diformylpyridine
Authors: Gregoliński Janusz , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Kłak Julia , Witwicki Maciej
Published: May 2022

Tetra- and hexanuclear nitrate, chloride and sulphate Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes have been synthesized from metal salts and 6 + 6 macrocycle. The ligand conformation in the complexes depends on the number of metal cations bound with the macrocycle.
Solubility of Ca(ii), Ni(ii), Nd(iii) and Pu(iv) in the presence of proxy ligands for the degradation of polyacrylonitrile in cementitious systems
Authors: Szabo P. G. , Tasi A. G. , Gaona X. , Polly R. , Maier A. C , Hedström S. , Altmaier M. , Geckeis H.
Published: May 2022

The solubility of Ca(OH)2(cr), β-Ni(OH)2(cr), Nd(OH)3(s) and PuO2(ncr, hyd) was investigated in cement porewater solutions containing glutarate, α-hydroxyisobutarate and 3-hydroxybutarate as proxy ligands for the degradation of polyacrilonitrile.
A plant-like battery: a biodegradable power source ecodesigned for precision agriculture
Authors: Navarro-Segarra Marina , Tortosa Carles , Ruiz-Díez Carlos , Desmaële Denis , Gea Teresa , Barrena Raquel , Sabaté Neus , Esquivel Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

A biodegradable battery inspired by the transpiration pull of liquids in plants has been ecodesigned to power wireless sensors and then be safely biodegraded or composted, resembling the way a plant comes back to nature at the end of its lifecycle.
Off-stoichiometry in I–III–VI2 chalcopyrite absorbers: a comparative analysis of structures and stabilities
Authors: Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Larsen Jes K. , Keller Jan , Edoff Marika , Platzer-Björkman Charlotte , Scragg Jonathan J. S.
Published: May 2022

The capability of chalcopyrites to accept group-I deficiency without decomposing varies greatly even within a narrow family of isomorphic I–III–VI systems. Only one-third of them exhibit this property at the level seen in Cu(In,Ga)Se2.
Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a d-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging
Authors: Ezzat Marwa I. , Issa Marwa Y. , Sallam Ibrahim E. , Zaafar Dalia , Khalil Heba M. A. , Mousa Mohamed R. , Sabry Dina , Gawish Aya Y. , Elghandour Ahmed H. , Mohsen Engy
Published: May 2022

The neuroprotective activities of different processed strawberries were investigated in a d-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging. behavioral, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination were performed.
Efficient Bi-enzymatic synthesis of aldonic acids
Authors: Tetianec Lidija , Bratkovskaja Irina , Časaitė Vida , Gurevičienė Vidutė , Razumienė Julija , Stankevičiūtė Jonita , Meškys Rolandas , Dagys Marius , Laurynėnas Audrius
Published: May 2022

Aldonic acids have already found many applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries and there are many new ones likely to come.
Substituent effects on the mechanochemical response of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ewen James P. , Spikes Hugh A.
Published: May 2022

We show how the tribofilm growth rate of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) changes for different alkyl substitutents under carefully controlled temperature and stress conditions.
Effect of fluorine atoms in flexible chains on the phase transitions and photophysical behavior of D–π–A-type 4-alkoxy-4′-cyanodiphenylacetylene
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Yoshida Keigo , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Hara Mitsuo , Konno Tustome
Published: May 2022

D–π–A-type 4-alkoxy-4′-cyanodiphenylacetylenes bearing a semifluoroalkoxy fragment exhibited photoluminescence, not only in solution and in the crystalline phase, but also in the molecular aggregated structure of the LC phase.
A sodiophilic VN interlayer stabilizing a Na metal anode
Authors: Xia Xianming , Lv Xiang , Yao Yu , Chen Dong , Tang Fang , Liu Lin , Feng Yuezhan , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: May 2022

A high-performance Na anode is designed by introducing an artificial VN interlayer (high sodiophilicity) on the Na metal surface (Na/VN) by a simple mechanical rolling process to regulate Na nucleation/deposition behaviors.
Bio-carbon-layered CuO-catalyzed decarboxylative alkenylation of cyclic ethers
Authors: Bora Porag , Konwar Dipika , Dewan Anindita , Das Manash R. , Bora Utpal
Published: May 2022

An efficient methodology for the direct decarboxylative functionalization of cinnamic acid derivatives with cyclic ethers has been developed by using biogenic CuO/C nanoparticles. This protocol is compatible with broad range of substrates.
The photocatalytic performance and mechanism of magnetically retrievable Z-scheme Cr2O3–Fe3O4/C hetero-nanostructure polyhedra
Authors: Xie Yu , Sun Yangang , Ge Jianhua , Chen Weiwei , Zheng Yuanyuan , Rao Pinhua
Published: May 2022

Magnetically retrievable Cr2O3–Fe3O4/C hetero-nanostructure polyhedra have been fabricated. The formation of Z-scheme Cr2O3–Fe3O4/C obviously improves the visible light absorption and promotes the separation of photogenerated charge carriers.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on palindromic sequence mediated bidirectional SDA and a DNAzyme walker for kanamycin detection
Authors: Li Jingjing , Jiang Long , Wang Xu , Zhu Zhixue , Zhang Qingxin , Liu Su , Wang Yu , Huang Jiadong
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical biosensing platform for kanamycin analysis based on SDA and a DNA walker.
A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor composed of nano-berry shaped cobalt oxide nanostructures on a glassy carbon electrode for uric acid detection
Authors: Nagal Vandana , Tuba Talia , Kumar Virendra , Alam Shamshad , Ahmad Akil , Alshammari Mohammed B. , Hafiz Aurangzeb Khurram , Ahmad Rafiq
Published: May 2022

Non-enzymatic electrochemical uric acid sensor fabrication with excellent performance using nano-berry shaped cobalt oxide nanostructures on a glassy carbon electrode.
A glutathione responsive nanocarrier based on viologen resorcinarene cavitand and 1-allylthymine
Authors: Voloshina Alexandra D. , Mansurova Elina E. , Bakhtiozina Leysan R. , Shulaeva Marina M. , Nizameev Irek R. , Lyubina Anna P. , Amerhanova Syumbelya K. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Semenov Vyacheslav E. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: May 2022

A glutathione-sensitive nanocarrier for doxorubicin to improve cellular penetration and selective cytotoxic effects on T98G human glioblastoma cells.
On-chip photonics and optoelectronics with a van der Waals material dielectric platform
Authors: Cui Xiaoqi , Du Mingde , Das Susobhan , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Pelgrin Vincent Yves , Li Diao , Sun Zhipei
Published: May 2022

On-chip dielectric platform using van der Waals materials is experimentally demonstrated for light propagation, emission, and detection, indicating its great potential for faster, smaller, and more efficient photonic integrated circuits.
Deadlocks of adenine ribonucleotide synthesis: evaluation of adsorption and condensation reactions in a zeolite micropore space
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco , Georgelin Thomas , Rigaud Baptiste , Zhuang Guanzheng , Fonseca Maria Gardennia , Valtchev Valentin , Jaber Maguy
Published: May 2022

Herein, we report on adenine, d-ribose, and monophosphate adsorption/co-adsorption into the synthetic analog of the zeolite mineral mordenite followed by drying at 50 °C and thermal activation at 150 °C under an argon atmosphere.
Electrochemical synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides from sulfonyl hydrazides
Authors: Park Jin Kyu , Oh Jonghoon , Lee Sunwoo
Published: May 2022

The reaction of sulfonyl hydrazides and Et3N·3HF under electrochemical conditions afforded the corresponding sulfonyl fluorides in good yields.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over cyanine-sensitized Ag/TiO2
Authors: Almazroai Layla , El-Mekawy Rasha E. , Musa Rihab , Ali Lina
Published: May 2022

Comparison between photo- and sonophotocatalytic hydrogen production.
Development of bacterial resistance induced by low concentration of two-dimensional black phosphorus via mutagenesis
Authors: Wang Huixiang , Fang Fang , Deng Chengxun , Zhu Chengzhu , Yu Zhimin , Liu Xiaowei
Published: May 2022

The wide use of nano-antibacterial materials has triggered concerns over the development of nanomaterials-associated bacterial resistance.
Structure, thermostability and magnetic properties of cubic Ce2−xTi2O7 pyrochlore obtained via sol–gel preparation
Authors: Li Jiandi , Gong Aijun , Li Xingyan , He Yanfei , Li Jinsheng , Bai Yuzhen , Fan Rongrong
Published: May 2022

We report a novel cubic Ce2−xTi2O7 compound prepared via the sol–gel method. There is an 18% vacancy of Ce ions in the as-prepared samples. The lattice defects may favor the transformation of Ce valence from +4 to +3, and a weak magnetic ordering state emerges up to 400 K.
Kinetic and mechanistic insights into the degradation of clofibric acid in saline wastewater by Co2+/PMS process: a modeling and theoretical study
Authors: Wang Jiale , Fan Siyi , Xu Zhirui , Gao Jiaqi , Huang Ying , Yu Xubiao , Gan Huihui
Published: May 2022

Recently, the degradation of non-chlorinated organic pollutants in saline pharmaceutical wastewater by SO4˙−-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has received widespread attention.
Control of photoluminescence quantum yield and long-lived triplet emission lifetime in organic alloys
Authors: Xu Zhen , Hean Duane , Yuan Jennifer , Wolf Michael O.
Published: May 2022

Two structurally similar organic triplet emitters crystallize together to form organic alloys in varying ratios, exhibiting tunable photoluminescence quantum yields and long-lived TADF.
Photoinduced inverse Sonogashira coupling reaction
Authors: Zhang Lizhu , Wei Cunbo , Wu Jiawen , Liu Dan , Yao Yinchao , Chen Zhuo , Liu Jianxun , Yao Chang-Jiang , Li Dinghua , Yang Rongjie , Xia Zhonghua
Published: May 2022

A transition-metal and photocatalyst-free, photoinduced inverse Sonogashira coupling reaction was developed. Under visible-light irradiation, the excited state iodoalkyne acted as an “alkynyl radical synthetic equivalent”.
Copper catalyzed borocarbonylation of benzylidenecyclopropanes through selective proximal C–C bond cleavage: synthesis of γ-boryl-γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Authors: Yang Li-Miao , Zeng Hui-Hui , Liu Xin-Lian , Ma Ai-Jun , Peng Jin-Bao
Published: May 2022

A copper catalyzed borocarbonylation of benzylidenecyclopropanes (BCPs) via proximal C–C bond cleavage for the synthesis of γ-boryl-γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed.
New patterns of twist-bend liquid crystal phase behaviour: the synthesis and characterisation of the 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl)-10-(4-alkylaniline-benzylidene-4′-oxy)decanes (CB10O·m)
Authors: Alshammari Ahlam F. , Pociecha Damian , Walker Rebecca , Storey John M. D. , Gorecka Ewa , Imrie Corrie T.
Published: May 2022

The synthesis and characterisation of the 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl)-10-(4-alkylaniline-benzylidene-4′-oxy)decanes (CB10O·m) are reported.
The effect of high relative humidity on a network of water-sensitive particles (couscous) as revealed by in situ X-ray tomography
Authors: Vego Ilija , Tengattini Alessandro , Andò Edward , Lenoir Nicolas , Viggiani Gioacchino
Published: May 2022

X-ray tomography study of the link between particle and macroscopic behaviour of an hygroscopic material. Its microstructure (e.g., contact area and orientation) is characterised and the deformation of particles quantified and linked to water content.
A novel cobalt-anchored covalent organic framework for photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into widely adjustable syngas
Authors: Cui Jin-Xian , Fu Yao-Mei , Meng Bo , Zhou Jie , Zhou Zi-Yan , Liu Shao-Min , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2022

A novel metal-anchored COF was synthesized and applied to photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O into widely adjustable syngas. The reaction intermediates, electron transfer pathway and syngas generation mechanism were discussed in depth.
Au nanocluster-modulated macrophage polarization and synoviocyte apoptosis for enhanced rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Authors: Chen Hao , Jiang Yongxin , Xu Tingting , Xu Jiangmei , Yu Jun , Chu Zhaoyou , Jiang Yechun , Song Yongbo , Wang Hua , Qian Haisheng
Published: May 2022

Au25 nanoclusters as a self-therapeutic nanodrug significantly modulated macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and could act as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which induced ROS-mediated FLS apoptosis by breaking redox homeostasis.
Conjugated polymer-based luminescent probes for ratiometric detection of biomolecules
Authors: Zhao Linfeng , Zhao Can , Zhou Jiasheng , Ji Haiwei , Qin Yuling , Li Guo , Wu Li , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

We summarize the recent research progress concerning conjugated polymer-based luminescent probes for ratiometric detection of biomolecules.
Triphenylene-ethylammonium tetrachlorometallate salts: multicolumnar mesophases, thermochromism and Langmuir films
Authors: Barcenilla María , Baena María Jesús , Donnio Bertrand , Heinrich Benoît , Gutiérrez Lucía , Coco Silverio , Espinet Pablo
Published: May 2022

This study reports mesomorphic triphenylene-ethylammonium salts containing [MCl4]2− (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Mn) as counterion. The [NiCl4]2− group leads to combine mesomorphism, paramagnetism and thermochromism in the system.
Theoretical studies on the excited-state properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules with aggregation induced emission
Authors: Song Yuzhi , Li Bihe , Liu Songsong , Qin Ming , Gao Yang , Zhang Kai , Lin Lili , Wang Chuan-Kui , Fan Jianzhong
Published: May 2022

Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with aggregation induced emission (AIE) features have attracted much attention.
A beginner’s guide to integrating multi-omics data from microbial communities
Authors: Heintz-Buschart Anna , Westerhuis Johan A.
Published: May 2022

Microbial communities are immensely important and occur nearly everywhere, but their inner workings are still being discovered. The early years of microbiome research have been dominated by cataloguing the sheer diversity of microbes in these communities. Now, more and more studies try to understand connections between the microbes, between the way communities are built and how they function, and between their activity and the effects on their surroundings, including host organisms like humans. Omics measurements, or meta-omics as they are called when multiple organisms are measured at the same time, are a cornerstone in this endeavour. Here, we will discuss why their integration is important, how it can be achieved, what pitfalls may be avoided and which approaches are taken by integrative studies.
Influence of micro‐water on AC breakdown characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture under non‐uniform electric field
Authors: Yang Yuan , Gao Keli , Bi Jiangang , Ding Lijian , Yuan Shuai , Wang Guangzhen
Published: May 2022

The application of eco‐friendly C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture has become a hot topic in the power industry. To obtain the influence law of micro‐water on the AC insulation characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture, breakdown tests were carried out under different non‐uniform electric fields and micro‐water volume fractions. With the gap distance of 1 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient less than 4.42, the breakdown voltage is positively correlated with gas pressure. With the gap distance of 6 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient of 9.28, the breakdown voltage shows a typical N‐type change trend with the increase of gas pressure. With the gap distance of 9 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient up to 16.45, the breakdown voltage shows a typical N‐type change trend with the increase of gas pressure. Micro‐water has a negative effect on breakdown voltage under different electric fields, meanwhile the breakdown voltage of slightly non‐uniform electric field is greatly affected by micro‐water, and the influence of micro‐water on breakdown voltage is different under different gas pressures. Therefore, the influence of operating gas pressure and slightly non‐uniform electric field should be considered when the micro‐water control index of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture insulated equipment is formulated.
Comprehensive X-ray view of the active nucleus in NGC 4258
Authors: Masini A. , Wijesekera J. V. , Celotti A. , Boorman P. G.
Published: May 2022

Context.The presence of water masers orbiting around the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4258, one of the most studied extragalactic objects, has been crucial in developing a detailed picture of its nuclear environment. Nonetheless, its accretion rate and bolometric luminosity are still matter of debate, as there are indications that NGC 4258 may host a genuine radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF).

Aims.In this context, we present a detailed broadband X-ray spectrum of NGC 4258, with the goal of precisely measuring the coronal luminosity and accretion flow properties of the AGN, in addition to tracking any possible variation across two decades of observations.

Methods.We collected archivalXMM-Newton,Chandra,Swift/BAT, andNuSTARspectroscopic observations spanning 15 years and fit them with a suite of state-of-the-art models, including a warped disk model that is suspected to provide the well known obscuration observed in the X-rays. We complemented this information with archival results from the literature.

Results.A clear spectral variability is observed among the different epochs. The obscuring column density shows possibly periodic fluctuations on a timescale of 10 years, while the intrinsic luminosity displays a long-term decrease by a factor of three across a time span of 15 years (fromL2−10 keV ∼ 1041erg s−1in the early 2000s toL2−10 keV ∼ 3 × 1040erg s−1in 2016). The average absorption-corrected X-ray luminosityL2−10 keV, combined with archival determinations of the bolometric luminosity, implies a bolometric correctionkbol ∼ 20; this result is intriguingly typical for Seyferts powered by accretion through geometrically thin, radiatively efficient disks. Moreover, the X-ray photon index Γ is consistent with the typical value of the broader AGN population. However, the accretion rate in Eddington units is very low, well within the expected RIAF regime.

Conclusions.Our results suggest that NGC 4258 is a genuinely low-luminosity Seyfert II, with no strong indications in its X-ray emission for a hot, RIAF-like accretion flow.
Origin of eclipsing time variations: Contributions of different modes of the dynamo-generated magnetic field
Authors: Navarrete Felipe H. , Käpylä Petri J. , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Ortiz Carolina A. , Banerjee Robi
Published: May 2022

Context.The possibility to detect circumbinary planets and to study stellar magnetic fields through eclipsing time variations (ETVs) in binary stars has sparked an increase of interest in this area of research.

Aims.We revisit the connection between stellar magnetic fields and the gravitational quadrupole momentQxxand compare different dynamo-generated ETV models with our simulations.

Methods.We present magnetohydrodynamical simulations of solar mass stars with rotation periods of 8.3, 1.2, and 0.8 days and perform a detailed analysis of the magnetic and quadrupole moment using spherical harmonic decomposition.

Results.The extrema ofQxxare associated with changes in the magnetic field structure. This is evident in the simulation with a rotation period of 1.2 days. Its magnetic field has a more complex behavior than in the other models, as the large-scale nonaxisymmetric field dominates throughout the simulation and the axisymmetric component is predominantly hemispheric. This triggers variations in the density field that follow the magnetic field asymmetry with respect to the equator, affecting thezzcomponent of the inertia tensor, and thus modulatingQxx. The magnetic fields of the two other runs are less variable in time and more symmetric with respect to the equator, such that the variations in the density are weaker, and therefore only small variations inQxxare seen.

Conclusions.If interpreted via the classical Applegate mechanism (tidal locking), the quadrupole moment variations obtained in the current simulations are about two orders of magnitude below those deduced from observations of post-common-envelope binaries. However, if no tidal locking is assumed, our results are compatible with the observed ETVs.
The preferential orientation of magnetic switchbacks and its implications for solar magnetic flux transport
Authors: Fargette Naïs , Lavraud Benoit , Rouillard Alexis P. , Réville Victor , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin
Published: May 2022

Context. Magnetic switchbacks in the solar wind are large deflections of the magnetic field vector, which often reverse their radial component, and are associated with a velocity spike consistent with their Alfvénic nature. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission revealed them to be a dominant feature of the near-Sun solar wind. Where and how they are formed remains unclear and subject to discussion.

Aims. We investigate the orientation of the magnetic field deflections in switchbacks to determine if they are characterized by a possible preferential orientation.

Methods. We compute the deflection angles, ψ = [ϕ, θ]T, of the magnetic field relative to the theoretical Parker spiral direction for encounters 1 to 9 of the PSP mission. We first characterize the distribution of these deflection angles for quiet solar wind intervals and assess the precision of the Parker model as a function of distance from the Sun. We then assume that the solar wind is composed of two populations, the background quiet solar wind and the population of switchbacks, the latter of which is characterized by larger fluctuations. We model the total distribution of deflection angles we observe in the solar wind as a weighed sum of two distinct normal distributions, each corresponding to one of the populations. We fit the observed data with our model using a Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and retrieve the most probable mean vector and covariance matrix coefficients of the two Gaussian functions, as well as the population proportion. This method allows us to quantify the properties of both the quiet solar wind and the switchback populations without setting an arbitrary threshold on the magnetic field deflection angles.

Results. We first confirm that the Parker spiral is a valid model for quiet solar wind intervals at PSP distances. We observe that the accuracy of the spiral direction in the ecliptic is a function of radial distance, in a manner that is consistent with PSP being near the solar wind acceleration region. We then find that the fitted switchback population presents a systematic bias in its deflections, with a mean vector consistently shifted toward lower values of ϕ (−5.52° on average) and θ (−2.15° on average) compared to the quiet solar wind population. This results holds for all encounters but encounter 6, and regardless of the magnetic field main polarity. This implies a marked preferential orientation of switchbacks in the clockwise direction in the ecliptic plane, and we discuss this result and its implications in the context of the existing switchback formation theories. Finally, we report the observation of a 12-hour patch of switchbacks that systematically deflect in the same direction, such that the magnetic field vector tip within the patch deflects and returns to the Parker spiral within a given plane.
Prograde spin-up during gravitational collapse
Authors: Visser Rico G. , Brouwers Marc G.
Published: May 2022

Asteroids, planets, stars in some open clusters, and molecular clouds appear to possess a preferential spin-orbit alignment, pointing to shared processes that tie their rotation at birth to larger parent structures. We present a new mechanism that describes how collections of particles, or “clouds”, gain a prograde rotational component when they collapse or contract while subject to an external, central force. The effect is geometric in origin, as relative shear on curved orbits moves their shared center-of-mass slightly inward and toward the external potential during a collapse, transferring orbital angular momentum into aligned (prograde) rotation. We perform illustrative analytical and N-body calculations to show that this process of prograde spin-up proceeds quadratically in time (δLrot ∝ t2) until the collapse nears completion. The total rotational gain increases with the size of the cloud prior to its collapse, δLrot /LH ∝ (Rcl/RH)5, and typically with distance to the source of the potential (LH ∝ r0). For clouds that form at the interface of shear and self-gravity (Rcl ~ RH), prograde spin-up means that even setups with large initial retrograde rotation collapse to form prograde-spinning objects. Being a geometric effect, prograde spin-up persists around any central potential that triggers shear, even those where the shear is strongly retrograde. We highlight an application to the Solar System, where prograde spin-up can explain the frequency of binary objects in the Kuiper belt with prograde rotation.
Particle re-acceleration and diffuse radio sources in the galaxy cluster Abell 1550
Authors: Pasini T. , Edler H. W. , Brüggen M. , de Gasperin F. , Botteon A. , Rajpurohit K. , van Weeren R. J. , Gastaldello F. , Gaspari M. , Brunetti G. , Cuciti V. , Nanci C. , di Gennaro G. , Rossetti M. , Dallacasa D. , Hoang D. N. , Riseley C. J.
Published: May 2022

Context. Radio observations of galaxy clusters reveal a plethora of diffuse, steep-spectrum sources related to the re-acceleration of cosmic-ray electrons, such as halos, relics, and phoenices. In this context, the LOw Frequency ARray Low-Band Antenna (LOFAR-LBA) Sky Survey (LoLSS) provides the most sensitive images of the sky at 54 MHz to date, allowing us to investigate re-acceleration processes in a poorly explored frequency regime.

Aims. We study diffuse radio emission in the galaxy cluster Abell 1550, with the aim of constraining particle re-acceleration in the intra-cluster medium.

Methods. We exploited observations at four different radio frequencies: 54, 144, 400, and 1400 MHz. To complement our analysis, we made use of archival Chandra X-ray data.

Results. At all frequencies we detect an ultra-steep spectrum radio halo (Sν ∝ ν−1.6) with an extent of ∼1.2 Mpc at 54 MHz. Its morphology follows the distribution of the thermal intra-cluster medium inferred from the Chandra observation. West of the centrally located head-tail radio galaxy, we detect a radio relic with a projected extent of ∼500 kpc. From the relic, a ∼600 kpc long bridge departs and connects with the halo. Between the relic and the radio galaxy, we observe what is most likely a radio phoenix, given its curved spectrum. The phoenix is connected to the tail of the radio galaxy through two arms, which show a nearly constant spectral index for ∼300 kpc.

Conclusions. The halo could be produced by turbulence induced by a major merger, with the merger axis lying in the NE-SW direction. This is supported by the position of the relic, whose origin could be attributed to a shock propagating along the merger axis. It is possible that the same shock has also produced the phoenix through adiabatic compression, while we propose that the bridge could be generated by electrons which were pre-accelerated by the shock, and then re-accelerated by turbulence. Finally, we detect hints of gentle re-energisation in the two arms that depart from the tail of the radio galaxy.
Prominence eruption observed in He II 304 Å up to >6 R⊙ by EUI/FSI aboard Solar Orbiter
Authors: Mierla M. , Zhukov A. N. , Berghmans D. , Parenti S. , Auchère F. , Heinzel P. , Seaton D. B. , Palmerio E. , Jejčič S. , Janssens J. , Kraaikamp E. , Nicula B. , Long D. M. , Hayes L. A. , Jebaraj I. C. , Talpeanu D.-C. , D’Huys E. , Dolla L. , Gissot S. , Magdalenić J. , Rodriguez L. , Shestov S. , Stegen K. , Verbeeck C. , Sasso C. , Romoli M. , Andretta V.
Published: May 2022

Aims. We report observations of a unique, large prominence eruption that was observed in the He II 304 Å passband of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager/Full Sun Imager telescope aboard Solar Orbiter on 15–16 February 2022.

Methods. Observations from several vantage points – Solar Orbiter, the Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and Earth-orbiting satellites – were used to measure the kinematics of the erupting prominence and the associated coronal mass ejection. Three-dimensional reconstruction was used to calculate the deprojected positions and speeds of different parts of the prominence. Observations in several passbands allowed us to analyse the radiative properties of the erupting prominence.

Results. The leading parts of the erupting prominence and the leading edge of the corresponding coronal mass ejection propagate at speeds of around 1700 km s−1 and 2200 km s−1, respectively, while the trailing parts of the prominence are significantly slower (around 500 km s−1). Parts of the prominence are tracked up to heights of over 6 R⊙. The He II emission is probably produced via collisional excitation rather than scattering. Surprisingly, the brightness of a trailing feature increases with height.

Conclusions. The reported prominence is the first observed in He II 304 Å emission at such a great height (above 6 R⊙).
A tractable non-adaptative group testing method for non-binary measurements
Authors: Joly Émilien , Mallein Bastien
Published: May 2022

The original problem of group testing consists in the identification of defective items in a collection, by applying tests on groups of items that detect the presence of at least one defective element in the group. The aim is then to identify all defective items of the collection with as few tests as possible. This problem is relevant in several fields, among which biology and computer sciences. In the present article we consider that the tests applied to groups of items returns aload, measuring how defective the most defective item of the group is. In this setting, we propose a simple non-adaptative algorithm allowing the detection of all defective items of the collection. Items are put on ann×ngrid and pools are organised as lines, columns and diagonals of this grid. This method improves on classical group testing algorithms using only the binary response of the test. Group testing recently gained attraction as a potential tool to solve a shortage of COVID-19 test kits, in particular for RT-qPCR. These tests return the viral load of the sample and the viral load varies greatly among individuals. Therefore our model presents some of the key features of this problem. We aim at using the extra piece of information that represents the viral load to construct a one-stage pool testing algorithm on this idealized version. We show that under the right conditions, the total number of tests needed to detect contaminated samples can be drastically diminished.
Pathophysiologie der Dekompensation bei Leberzirrhose – Prognose-Scores
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Reincke Marlene , Bettinger Dominik
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?

Die periphere arterielle Vasodilatations-Hypothese In der Vergangenheit war das führende Modell für die Erklärung der Entstehung von Dekompensationsereignissen bei der Zirrhose die periphere arterielle Vasodilatations-Hypothese. Diese hat man zuletzt zunehmend verlassen, stattdessen rückt eine chronische Inflammation in den Fokus.

Systemische Inflammation als Trigger für die Dekompensation der Leberzirrhose Aktuelle Studien konnten zeigen, dass bei der akuten Dekompensation (AD) wie dem ACLF ein inflammatorischer Status vorherrscht. Darüber hinaus ist die Inflammation auch eng mit dem weiteren klinischen Verlauf und der Prognose nach einem Dekompensationsereignis verknüpft.

Die Leberzirrhose als inflammatorisch getriggerte Multisystem-Erkrankung Der inflammatorische Zustand bei der Leberzirrhose führt über verschiedenste Mechanismen auch zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Funktion extrahepatischer Organsysteme, wie bspw. der Niere oder dem Herz. Die Leberzirrhose kann daher als inflammatorisch getriggerte Multisystem-Erkrankung betrachtet werden.

Neue klinische Scores bei Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose Der zunehmende Fokus auf die Inflammation findet auch Berücksichtigung in aktuellen prognostischen Scores. So ist die Leukozytenzahl, als inflammatorischer Parameter, Bestandteil des CLIF-C-AD-Scores sowie des CLIF-C-ACLF-Scores, die der Prognoseabschätzung bei einer AD beziehungsweise einem ACLF dienen.
Entwicklung des medizinischen Strahlenschutzes in Deutschland
Authors: Ernst-Elz Andreas
Published: May 2022

Bereits kurz nach der Entdeckung der Röntgenstrahlung durch Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen im Jahr 1985 und der Entdeckung radioaktiver Elemente durch Henry Becquerel und deren chemische Isolierung durch Marie Skłodowska Curie im Jahr 1896 wurden Röntgenanlagen und radioaktive Stoffe in der Medizin eingesetzt. Anfangs wurde das hiervon ausgehende Risiko nicht erkannt, jedoch traten bereits frühzeitig bei den Anwendern gesundheitliche Schäden auf. Es bedurfte daher Regeln und Vorschriften zum Schutz vor diesen Gefahren. Inzwischen besteht ein umfangreiches System von Gesetzen, Verordnungen, Richtlinien, Normen und Vorschriften, die den Umgang mit ionisierender Strahlung zu einem der sichersten Arbeitsfelder gemacht haben.
Editorial
Authors: Herrmann Marietta , Eigenthaler Martin
Published: May 2022

Das vorliegende Heft widmet sich interdisziplinär der kraniofazialen und
dentalen Osteologie. Der knöcherne Ursprung des vorderen
Schädelskeletts nimmt entwicklungsbiologisch eine Sonderrolle ein, denn
anders als das Extremitätenskelett mit mesodermalem Ursprung, liegt der
knöcherne Ursprung dieses Schädelbereichs sowie Teile des
Zahnhalteapparates in der Neuralleiste, welche ektodermalen Ursprungs ist. Trotz
dieses unterschiedlichen Ursprungs sind die grundlegenden Mechanismen der
Knochenbildung und -homöostase weitgehend erhalten geblieben und für
die Ausbildung des Schädelskeletts aber auch für die Entwicklung und
den Durchbruch von Zähnen essentiell. Ein Beispiel ist die durch das
Parathormon (PTH) bzw. Parathormon-verwandte Peptid (PTHrP) gesteuerte
Knochenhomöostase, welche vor allem für den Zahndurchbruch eine
essentielle Rolle einnimmt. In Folge dieser konservierten Mechanismen sind
osteologische Erkrankungen oft auch mit dentalen Symptomen verbunden, die bei der
Behandlung der Patienten berücksichtigt werden müssen. Als Beispiel
seien hier die Hypophosphatasie und die Dentinogenesis imperfecta in Analogie zur
Osteogenesis imperfecta genannt.
Ischämische Septumruptur – die Differenzialdiagnose zum Re-Infarkt: ein Anwendungsbeispiel für den präklinischen Ultraschall
Authors: Hohmann Christian , Blome Constance , Osteresch Rico
Published: May 2022

Die ischämische Septumruptur ist eine seltene, jedoch gefürchtete Komplikation nach einem Myokardinfarkt. Die folgende Kasuistik demonstriert eine solche Erkrankung als
Differenzialdiagnose zum myokardialen Re-Infarkt. Bei verdächtiger Symptomatik konnte schließlich die richtige Diagnose mittels Ultraschall gestellt und eine adäquate Zielklinik
ausgewählt werden. Innerklinisch wurde der Defekt mit einem bovinem Perikardpatch versorgt. Nach einem stationären Aufenthalt von 19 Tagen konnte die Patientin ohne größere
Residuen nach Hause entlassen werden.
Mechanical Loading on Cementoblasts: A Mini Review
Authors: Radermacher Chloé , Malyaran Hanna , Craveiro Rogerio Bastos , Peglow Sarah , Behbahani Mehdi , Pufe Thomas , Wolf Michael , Neuss Sabine
Published: May 2022

Orthodontic treatments are concomitant with mechanical forces and thereby cause
teeth movements. The applied forces are transmitted to the tooth root and the
periodontal ligaments which is compressed on one side and tensed up on the other
side. Indeed, strong forces can lead to tooth root resorption and the
crown-to-tooth ratio is reduced with the potential for significant clinical
impact. The cementum, which covers the tooth root, is a thin mineralized tissue
of the periodontium that connects the periodontal ligament with the tooth and is
build up by cementoblasts. The impact of tension and compression on these cells
is investigated in several in vivo and in vitro studies
demonstrating differences in protein expression and signaling pathways. In
summary, osteogenic marker changes indicate that cyclic tensile forces support
whereas static tension inhibits cementogenesis. Furthermore, cementogenesis
experiences the same protein expression changes in static conditions as static
tension, but cyclic compression leads to the exact opposite of cyclic tension.
Consistent with marker expression changes, the singaling pathways of
Wnt/ß-catenin and RANKL/OPG show that tissue compression
leads to cementum degradation and tension forces to cementogenesis. However, the
cementum, and in particular its cementoblasts, remain a research area which
should be explored in more detail to understand the underlying mechanism of bone
resorption and remodeling after orthodontic treatments.
Aryne Annulations for the Synthesis of Carbocycles and Heterocycles: An Updated Review
Authors: Gogoi Pranjal , Sarmah Manashi , Hazarika Hemanta
Published: May 2022

Carbocycles and heterocycles are highly relevant structural moieties that have found countless applications in interdisciplinary areas. In this regard, the interesting chemistry of arynes has been embraced by researchers for the synthesis of structurally different polycyclic systems, i.e. carbocycles and heterocycles. In this review, we intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the annulative approach considering Kobayashi’s aryne intermediate as the key reactive species with diverse nucleophilic and electrophilic partners. The review highlights the different aryne annulation reactions adopted for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles (covering articles mainly from around 2010), showcasing their viability towards broad range of substrates bearing diverse functionalities.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Carbocycles

3 Synthesis of Heterocycles

4 Conclusions
2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid–Dimethyl Sulfoxide (IBX-DMSO)-Promoted Oxidative Aromatization of Spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one
Authors: Song Xixi , Wang Zechao , Chang Junbiao , Li Tong , Cui Chaoxing , Zhang Yuxia
Published: May 2022

A 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX)–dimethyl sulfoxide (IBX-DMSO)-promoted oxidative aromatization of spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-ones has been developed. A series of substrates with various substitutions were transformed into oxidative aromatization products in good to excellent yields. This oxidative aromatization features environmentally friendly reagents, high efficiency, a broad substrate scope, broad functional-group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions.
[2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Arylhydroxylamines: Rapid Access to ortho-Sulfonylated Anilines
Authors: Gao Hongyin , Liu Yue , Xu Gaofei
Published: May 2022

In the absence of transition-metal catalysts and additional oxidants, arylhydroxylamines can undergo an unconventional O-sulfinylation/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/rearomatization cascade with trifluoromethylsulfinyl chloride to rapidly and efficiently synthesize versatile ortho-sulfonylated aromatic amines. This Synpacts article describes the discovery, further study, and practical application of the rearrangement reactions in arylhydroxylamine compounds and highlights our recent advances in this area.

1 Introduction

2 Discovery of a New Reaction

3 O-Sulfinylation of Arylhydroxylamines Followed by [2,3]-σ Rearrangement

4 Conclusion
Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Pediatric Dengue Infection
Authors: Juliansen Andry , Heriyanto Rivaldo S. , Budiputri Charista L. , Meliani Fellisa , Muljono Michelle P. , Chandra Shally , Octavius Gilbert S.
Published: May 2022

Objective The uncertainty of dengue's progression from infection to its severe form represents a major health care challenge, especially in children. Clinical identification of impending clinical manifestations of severe dengue (SD), along with proper and immediate management, is crucial. Thus, this study assesses the ability of warning signs to predict SD infection in pediatric patients.

Methods This cross-sectional study utilized purposive sampling using medical records from January 2015 to December 2020. Children aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed with dengue fever and SD according to the World Health Organization's 2009 criteria were included.

Discussion Multivariate analysis revealed that abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR]: 16.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.78–70.64; p < 0.001), fluid accumulation (OR: 10.51, 95% CI: 1.17–94.3; p = 0.036), mucosal bleeding (OR: 4.77; 95% CI: 1.27–17.91; p = 0.021), lethargy (OR: 94.37; 95% CI: 4.92–180.79; p = 0.003), hepatomegaly (OR: 17.57; 95% CI: 2.14–144.13; p = 0.008), and increased hematocrit concurrent with a rapid decrease in platelets (OR: 6.89; 95% CI: 1.79–26.51, p = 0.005) were associated with SD infection, with a high quality of discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.96) and a high quality of fit (p = 0.73). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that 1.5 warning signs was the optimal cut-off for predicting SD infection, with a sensitivity of 90.9 and a specificity of 89.8%.

Conclusion All six warning signs were significantly associated with SD infection. The optimal cut-off for predicting SD was 1.5 warning signs.