bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Position on Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Retzlaff Carl Orge , Das Srijita , Wayllace Christabel , Mousavi Payam , Afshari Mohammad , Yang Tianpei , Saranti Anna , Angerschmid Alessa , Taylor Matthew E. , Holzinger Andreas
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and especially reinforcement learning (RL) have the potential to enable agents to learn and perform tasks autonomously with superhuman performance. However, we consider RL as fundamentally a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) paradigm, even when an agent eventually performs its task autonomously. 
In cases where the reward function is challenging or impossible to define, HITL approaches are considered particularly advantageous.
The application of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in systems such as ChatGPT demonstrates the effectiveness of optimizing for user experience and integrating their feedback into the training loop. In HITL RL, human input is integrated during the agent’s learning process, allowing iterative updates and fine-tuning based on human feedback, thus enhancing the agent’s performance. Since the human is an essential part of this process, we argue that human-centric approaches are the key to successful RL, a fact that has not been adequately considered in the existing literature. This paper aims to inform readers about current explainability methods in HITL RL. It also shows how the application of explainable AI (xAI) and specific improvements to existing explainability approaches can enable a better human-agent interaction in HITL RL for all types of users, whether for lay people, domain experts, or machine learning specialists.
Accounting for the workflow in HITL RL and based on software and machine learning methodologies, this article identifies four phases for human involvement for creating HITL RL systems: (1) Agent Development, (2) Agent Learning, (3) Agent Evaluation, and (4) Agent Deployment. We highlight human involvement, explanation requirements, new challenges, and goals for each phase.
We furthermore identify low-risk, high-return opportunities for explainability research in HITL RL and present long-term research goals to advance the field. Finally, we propose a vision of human-robot collaboration that allows both parties to reach their full potential and cooperate effectively.
Efficacy and Nuances of Precision Molecular Engineering for Hodgkinâs Disease to a Gene Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Bilal , Hussain Nadir
Published: January 2024

Gene therapy is a particularly useful treatment for nervous system genetic diseases, including those induced especially by infectious organisms and antigens, and is being utilized to treat Hodgkin's disease (HD). Due to the possible clonal relationship between both disorders, immunotherapy directed against CD20 positive cells may be a more effective treatment in patients with persistent HD and NHL. HL growth can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by AdsIL-13Ralpha2. High-dose treatment combined with stem cell transplantation has been effective in treating HIV-negative lymphoma that has progressed to high-risk or relapsed disease. For therapy, LMP2-specific CTL will be used. Furthermore, it is possible to view the cytotoxicity of genetically modified adenoviruses that express proteins such as p27Kip1, p21Waf1, and p16INK4A as a foundational element for (2,5)-derived ALCL genetic treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW REGIMES IN SPIRAL PACKED BEDS WITH SPHERES
Authors: GÃ¶kaslan Mustafa Yasin , Ozdemir Mustafa , Kuddusi LÃ¼tfullah
Published: January 2024

Packed beds are used in many fields such as heat exchangers, cooling systems, filtration, and reactors. Porous media
can be used in order to enhance the heat transfer between the solid and the fluid, but it also creates higher pressure
drops for the same flow rate. The flow regime significantly affects the heat transfer and pumping power of the fluid. It is known that when the channel is either curved or packed separately, the pressure drop increases. There are many studies on pressure drop and flow regimes in porous media or curvilinear channels. However, there are not many studies on
pressure drop and flow regimes in a curvilinear packed bed. In this work, the pressure drops and flow regimes were
determined when the channel is both curved and porous media. The packed beds were formed with two different radii
of curvature, 71 and 171 mm in diameter, and were filled from steel balls with different particle diameters of 2.00,
2.38, and 3.17 mm. The pressure drop in these spiral packed beds was measured experimentally and flow regimes were
determined for each test chamber and ball diameter. In each flow regime, permeabilities, Forchheimer coefficients, and
the coefficients corresponding to Ergun constants were calculated. The effect of the curvature ratio was interpreted as the difference from the straight packed beds. Determining the flow regime ranges of curved packed beds can help to better interpret the heat transfer and pumping power of the fluid in these regimes.
INDIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN CENTRAL ASIA: A WAY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TWO REGIONS
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Umarov Rustam , Osmonaliyev Kudaybergen ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: January 2024

The emergence of new international actors put an end to the previous monopoly of national educational systems in Central Asia, which retained significant elements from the old Soviet, as a result the region has seen a rapid growth in the number of students attending Medical education since the end of the Soviet period. Three central Asian countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have attracted several thousand students from India for several reasons including low fees, cheaper standard of living and nearness. India’s state governments are active partners in growing cooperation with the region, while there is an active partnership with them in education and high-altitude research. In Kyrgyzstan alone, there are more than 15 000 Indian students pursuing medical education. However, while Central Asia is becoming a hotbed for the Indian students, there a number of challenges which need to be overcome by the region. Amongst the underlying challenges some are as follows: Language sufficiency of academic staff, mobility of staff between two countries, medical practicing of foreign students, cultural adaptation, cultural exchange, medical and educational investments in Kyrgyzstan. This article will shed light on the mobility of Indian students to Central Asia for studying medical science. Points such as how this mobility can contribute to strengthening the relations between two regions, challenges - as mentioned above - will be discussed at length.
TEMPORAL-VISUAL FORM IS A UNIT OF MORPHOLOGICAL LEVEL
Authors:   Naryn State University named after Satybaldi Naamatov, Biygeldieva Nurzhan
Published: January 2024

From the point of view of the morphological level, some phenomena beside the system are a systematic part of a higher level of integration, which proves that language is a global phenomenon. When creating the grammar of the text, it is at the functional-verbal level, i.e. it is necessary to consider the structure of the invariant scheme created in the text and the discovery of integrative relations. Analyzing the text's structural regularity, finding its complex parallel dependencies based on an integrative approach to a significant extent, makes understanding the text possible. The plan of the conversation is the level of narration, the plan of the plot is the level of the text. Temporal-visual form is a unit of morphological level. When they enter as a structural element at the level of narrative, or at the level of text, they create multiple levels simultaneously. This feature shows the features of the text structure, its multiplicity and other features. Also, in the temporal-visual form, the spoken and written forms of the language involved and they differ from each other. The communication situation is implemented by the oral form of communication, and the plot situation by the written form.
NUMBERS, INTERPRETATION AND THEIR PLACE IN ANCIENT TIMES
Authors:   Institute of Language and Literature named after Chingiz Aitmatov of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Birnazarova Ainura , Beksultanova Gulsada ,   International University of Kyrgyzstan
Published: January 2024

In this article, we will consider their role and place in human life from ancient times, and their interpretation. Numbers always accompany people. It is difficult to imagine life without numbers. In ancient times, it played an important and multifaceted role in human life. The relationship of numbers with the human world, realized or intuitively felt, has attracted the attention of people since time immemorial. It is no coincidence that all world religions pay special attention to the mystical and philosophical understanding of the category of number, clarifying its role in people's lives, substantiating the foundations of religion with the help of the category of number. There are a great many examples of close attention to the number, substantiation with its help of almost all periods of the life of both an individual and the Universe as a whole. Literally from the moment of the birth of the first philosophical systems of antiquity, the number and everything connected with it has been in the center of attention of thinkers. Number is one of the basic mathematical concepts; It arose in ancient times from the need of a person to count, measure and calculate. Many cultures, especially the Babylonians, Hindus, and Pythagoreans, believed that number was the beginning of all things. The recognized experts in the field of using numbers were the ancient Indians and Egyptians.
THE MEANING OF THE WORD IN THE MUSICALITY OF ARABIC POETRY
Authors:   International Kuwait University, Mohamed Khalaf Elabdo Ali
Published: January 2024

Scholars and researchers, such as Brockelman and Nicholson, associate the origin of Arabic literature, as well as other world literatures that also arose, with witchcraft or divination. According to Brockelman, the origin of Arabic poetry - this is witchcraft, and it arose from the muttering of sorcerers and their intonations. While Nicholson connects ancient Arabic poetry with divination, in his opinion, the soothsayer is the reference point (authoritative source) of the tribe, and they turn to him in their wars and reconciliations, as well as in the management of their affairs, and on his divination (opinion) is based on the whole tribe. In the pre-Islamic era, the Quraysh language prevailed in literature and poetry over other tribes because of its religious status and the position of its people among the Arabs. When the era of Islam and after it the epochs came into the present, the social character prevailed over the tribal character, poetry became the expression of the direction of one nation, instead of individual tribes. The music of poetry began to correspond to music that corresponds to the meaning that the poet aspires to, this is how the music of words and letters appeared, which has become an integral part of Arabic poetry and poetic poetry in the modern era.
THE ROLE OF AALY TOKOMBAEV IN PROVING THE NATIONALITY OF NATIONALITY OF THE EPIC “MANAS”
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I.Arabaev, Kiyizbaeva Cholpon
Published: January 2024

This article discusses about the contribution of Kyrgyz poet-writers such as Kubanychbek Malikov, Tugolbai Sydykbekov, Aaly Tokombaev, to the preservation of the "Manas" epic in the 1930s, 1950s, and 1980s, and to prove its popularity. The epic Manas went through many difficulties. At that time, Kyrgyz famous poet-writers did their best to prove the popularity of the epic. In the article, the words, articles, and reports of the poet-writers about their activities, services, epos and their popularity were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the works of writers who revealed the main idea of the epic, such as uniting the heads of the tribes, protecting the people from attacks, educational significance, strengthening the folk traditions and customs, and friendship
AALY TOKOMBAYEV AND EPOS “MANAS”
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I.Arabaev, Kiyizbaeva Cholpon
Published: January 2024

This article describes the influence of the epic "Manas" on the formation of Aaly Tokombaev, his contribution to the preservation of the epic in the thirties, fifties, and eighties. The "Manas" epic had an impact on the development of our first poets-writers as a person, but the contradictions surrounding the epic, on the contrary, took away their freedom and saddened many of them, accompanied some of them until the end of their lives. The article analyses the activities of Aaly Tokombaev. Through his works discovered the place and meaning of the epic "Manas" in the life of the Kyrgyz people, and the words of the writer about the epic are analyzed. Most importantly, the words and articles of Aaly Tokombaev, Tugolbay Sydykbekov, and Chingiz Aitmatov on the epic were scientifically analyzed, and their contribution to preserving, spreading, and conveying the epic to future generations was analyzed.
ENSURING EFFICIENT INTERACTION OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS DURING TRANSITION INTO THE STUDENT TEAM
Authors:   Osh State University, Duyshonali kyzy Kanymbu , Turdumamatova Gulbara ,   Osh State University, Adishov Myktybek ,   Industrial and Pedagogical College of Osh State University
Published: January 2024

The purpose is to gradually distribute pedagogical techniques for teaching basketball players to interact during transition into the student team. Methods and organization of the research. The research revealed the structure and content of methods and techniques that facilitate the formation of interaction skills in gaming activities when making the transition to the student team. At the first stage, we studied the issues of interaction skills acquisition in the framework of special, game-related and physical training. At the second stage, we focused on the management of interaction within the group during the current technical combination. At the third stage, we focused on the development of abilities to simulate and use the skills in the situations close to the competition environment. Results and discussion. Pedagogical influence provides the number of positive effects. They include the improvement of game- related thinking, formation of connection between needs and abilities, consideration of modality of information perception by the player through the ability to see the field, the ball, and the rival.
An Efficient Short-Term Solar Power Forecasting by Hybrid WOA-Based LSTM Model in Integrated Energy System
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Computer Engineering, IET- DAVV, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Mittal Amit Kumar , Mathur Kirti
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Due to the irregular nature of sun irradiation and other meteorological conditions, solar power generation is constantly loaded with risks. When solar radiation data isn't captured and sky imaging equipment isn't available, improving forecasting becomes a more difficult endeavor. So our objective to improve the forecasting accuracy for next year solar power generation data. Methods: Our research used a real numerical solar power dataset of Australia and Germany and a standard approach for preprocessing. The feature selection in this research uses the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method is utilized to determine the accuracy of solar power forecasts. The HHO (Harris Hawks Optimization) technique is also used to improve solar power forecasting accuracy. The performances were analyzed and the proposed method is employed in the python platform. Findings: The findings show that the suggested technique considerably increases the accuracy of short-term solar power forecasts for proposed method is 3.07 in comparison of LSTM and SVM at different data types and 15 min and 60 min interval. Novelty: The key novelties of this research is hybrid strategy for improving the precision of solar power forecasting for short periods of time. Including the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO). Keywords: Power generation, Solar power forecasting, Whale optimization algorithm, Long Short­Term Memory, Harris hawk's optimization
Adaptive RPL Routing Optimization Model for Multimedia Data Transmission using IOT
Authors:   Research Scholar, RC, Visvesveraya Technological University, Belagavi, 590018, Karnataka, India, Shashidhar P K , Thanuja T C , Kunabeva Rajashekar
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The main objectives of this research endeavor encompass the development of the Adaptive RPL Optimization (ARPLO) model to enhance data transmission efficiency within IoT networks. This includes constructing a grid-based network structure optimized for data transfer, selecting the most suitable nodes as grid head nodes to maximize network lifespan while minimizing energy consumption, implementing an innovative objective function-driven approach to optimize parent node selection, and integrating an Adaptive Deep Neural Network (ADNN) to accurately classify medical data. Methods: The research methodology entails several key steps. A grid-based network structure is established with IoT nodes and root nodes, where a DODAG process incorporating DIO messages is utilized for node ranking. To enhance energy efficiency, the Trickle algorithm is employed for control message optimization. Grid head nodes are chosen based on metrics such as root node fairness, residual energy, and load influence index. The novel Middle Order Optimal Routing (MOOR) objective function is utilized to optimize routing decisions. ADNN is implemented for precise medical data classification. The proposed model's performance is evaluated through simulation in a Python environment. Findings: The research findings demonstrate that the ARPLO model yields notable benefits compared to existing models. It achieves higher energy efficiency, improved throughput, enhanced packet delivery ratio (PDR), and an extended network lifespan. The Trickle algorithm contributes to efficient control message optimization. The MOOR-based routing approach improves multimedia medical data transfer. Moreover, the integration of ADNN enhances the accuracy of data classification, particularly in healthcare applications. The research outcomes align with the broader field's existing values and reports while offering novel insights that contribute to enhancing the existing knowledge base. ARPLO protocol performance reveals that there is increase of throughput of 31.2%, PDR by 7.12%, lifetime of 10.7 % with reduction of energy consumption by 12.72%, control overhead by 31.01% and end-to-end delay by 33.01%. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach that integrates a grid-based network structure, MOOR-based optimization, and ADNN-based classification. The incorporation of the Trickle algorithm for energy-efficient communication is an innovative feature. The introduction of new metrics for grid head node selection, along with the application of the MOOR objective function for multimedia medical data routing, showcases the research's innovative contributions. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), RPL (Routing Protocol for Low­Power and Lossy Networks), Optimization, Routing, Multimedia, Healthcare
Deep Learning-aided Channel Estimation Combined with Advanced Pilot Assignment Algorithm to Mitigate Pilot Contamination for Cell-Free Networks
Authors:   MDE Department, The NorthCap University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Deshpande Swapnaja , Aggarwal Mona , Sabherwal Pooja , Ahuja Swaran
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The performance of Cell-Free Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (CFMM) is analyzed in this paper for its two bottlenecks i.e., Pilot Contamination (PC) and Channel Estimation Error (CEE). Methods: The CFMM network is strongly affected by PC which is one of the bottlenecks due to which quality of service and accuracy of channel estimation gets impacted. Therefore, we address this problem by presenting advanced pilot assignment algorithm to mitigate PC and deep learning aided channel estimation for reducing CEE for the CFMM systems to maximize spectral efficiency (SE). We derive achievable uplink and downlink SE expressions for the proposed system, and compare with Minimum Mean Square Error and Maximum Ratio combining techniques. As well, the performance is evaluated for different antenna configurations. The advanced pilot assignment algorithm is compared with greedy pilot assignment and random pilot assignment methods. The performance of cellular massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is derived for comparison. The performance of CFMM system is evaluated using MATLAB software. Findings: The UL and DL performance of the proposed system in terms of SE is 3.2 times higher than the conventional CFMM with MMSE and MR combining techniques. Average sum spectral efficiency of the proposed system increases with increase in number of access points (APs). Comparison with different antenna configurations reveals that, with 400 APs equipped with single antenna, only UE with good channel condition shows performance enhancement, but when each AP is equipped with 4 antennas, the UE with unfavourable channel condition also give better performance. Advanced pilot assignment scheme proves to be better than greedy and random pilot assignment techniques. For the same cellular set up, the proposed CFMM system achieves higher SE than the cellular massive MIMO. Novelty: Due to the advanced pilot assignment algorithm used in the proposed CFMM system, at a time, only one AP is selected and the selected AP with its full received power serves the desired UE, which suppresses interference resulting in improved SE performance. The serving AP is selected considering the distance between UE and AP, rather than using large scale fading coefficient which is the unique feature of pilot assignment algorithm. The proposed deep learning-aided channel estimation method, minimizes the mean square error (MSE) between the actual channel and the channel estimates obtained from the MMSE estimation resulting in reduction in channel estimation error. Thus, the use of the proposed advanced pilot assignment algorithm and deep learning-aided channel estimation method increase the SE performance of the CFMM system. Keywords: Cell­Free Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output, Pilot Contamination, Channel Estimation Error, Minimum Mean Square Error, Maximum Ratio
Potential use of focused logistics in disaster relief logistic systems. A conceptual analysis
Authors: Gonzáles Rodríguez Leonardo José , Kalenatic Dusko , Rueda Velasco Feizar Javier , López Bello Cesar Amílcar
Published: January 2024

The Focused logistics has been developed in order to respond to the asymmetric, uncertain and variable environments characteristics for the actual military scenes. Military scenes have many similarities with the scenes generated in natural disasters events. The aim of the work is to show, from the conceptual perspective, how focused logistics principles can be applied to the logistics operations in natural disasters relief.
First an analysis and comparison between military and humanitarian operations was developed. This allowed us to establish which concepts of the focused logistics can be applied to humanitarian logistics problems.
Second a comparison between the basic structures of the military logistic system operations and humanitarian logistics systems operations was used to identify potential quantitative models that can be transfer between the systems.
Because of the similarity between the operations in military and humanitarian logistics systems, we concluded that focused logistics concepts can be applied in both. So, functional and emerging concepts, besides the principal goals and basic capabilities can be applied successfully.
The new knowledge developed in this work is the use of focused logistics concepts as tool to improve response times and efficiency in humanitarian disaster relief.
Rainfall – CN (Curve Number) relationships in a tropical rainforest microbasin within the Panamá Canal watershed
Authors: Fábrega D. José R. , Pinzón Reinhardt , Vallester Erick , Vega David
Published: January 2024

Precipitation (P) Curve-Number (CN) relationships for different base flow ranges, obtained within the upper Chagres River watershed were applied to a 6.5 Ha microbasin located within the Panamá Canal watershed. These relationships estimate CN values from P data employing an equation established by Calvo et al (10). This equation uses k and CN∞ as fitting parameters. Rainfall/Runoff data from the microbasin, collected over a six-month period, were analyzed. These analyses showed that CN values at the microbasin are closer to CN results predicted by the equation corresponding to the lower base-flow range (14-42 m3 /s) at the upper Chagres watershed. These results were explained by considering not the absolute values of the base flow (Qbase), but the value of this parameter relative to the basin area under study.
FPGAs Implementation of fast algorithms oriented to mp3 audio decompression
Authors: Benavides Antonio , Rentería Geovanni , Bernal Álvaro
Published: January 2024

The high performance required by audio decompression algorithms demands robust processors, however, sometimes they are not efficient for optimal portable devices applications. This paper carries out an exploration of some algorithms whose hardware implementation allow to improve the performance of this type of customized processors when are applied to audio decompression tasks. Some experimental and comparative results are presented.
Damage detection in beams by using artificial neural networks and dynamical parameters
Authors: Villalva Jesús D. , Gomez Ivan D. , Laier José E.
Published: January 2024

In this paper is presented a multilayer perceptron neural network combined with the Nelder-Mead Simplex method to detect damage in multiple support beams. The input parameters are based on natural frequencies and modal flexibility. It was considered that only a number of modes were available and that only vertical degrees of freedom were measured. The reliability of the proposed methodology is assessed from the generation of random damages scenarios and the definition of three types of errors, which can be found during the damage identification process. Results show that the methodology can reliably determine the damage scenarios. However, its application to large beams may be limited by the high computational cost of training the neural network.
Effect of diesel injection parameters on instantaneous fuel delivery using a solenoidoperated injector with different fuels
Authors: Armas Octavio , Mata Carmen , Martínez-Martínez Simon
Published: January 2024

This work describes an experimental setup for obtaining pressure variation and rate of injection profiles per engine stroke. This study focuses on the following experimental parameters: flow meter's backpressure, injection pressure, and duration of the process. An IAV EVI-2-type flow meter is used to measure the rate of injection. The work has been carried out using a common rail system with a solenoid-operated injector. As result, time proÆ les of: current intensity throughout the injector (electric pulse), pressure variation in flow meter (p) and the rate of injection are presented. The study has been carried out with four different fuels: a diesel fuel without biodiesel, a diesel fuel with 5.83% of biodiesel, a biodiesel fuel derived from animal fats and a synthetic diesel fuel derived from a Fischer Tropsch process at low temperature. The experimental set up and the established procedures have proven to be adequate for studies with current diesel injection systems. The differences registered in rate of injection have been mainly caused by the differences in density of fuels studied.
use of humidifiers as an energetic alternative to air conditioning: case of a teaching building in Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Silva Fernando Blanco , López-Días Alfonso , Renedo-Estébanez Carlos J.
Published: January 2024

The next paper is a proposal to reduce the temperature in a space named Cloister in the building Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, of the University of Santiago (U.S.C.). This space has a transparent roof with high solar radiation, and the temperature has reached 37 ∫C in summer. The atrium has a volume of approximately 7.000 m3 and a complete installation of air conditioning is too expensive. Our solution to diminish the temperature is to increase the dampness of the air and to renew it at the same time, with a minor cost and energy consumption.
RS(n,k) Encoder based on LFCS
Authors: Sandoval-Ruiz Cecilia
Published: January 2024

This article presents the design of a Reed Solomon encoder circuit based on a concurrent LFCS -Linear Structure Concurrent Feedback-allowing the generation of code redundancy symbols in parallel, provided that you supply the k information symbols to encode simultaneously, the encoder provides at its output corresponding redundancy symbols. To achieve this development was generalized mathematical model describing the behavior of the encoder, the configuration was done in VHDL hardware description language of a Reed Solomon encoder, taking as case study the RS (7.3), the design was simulated validating the proposed operation, and finally the comparison of the encoder implementation between the sequential version and the version based on LFCS, obtaining a reduction of hardware components and optimizing the speed of response and power consumption. In conclusion, the proposed encoder design validates the concurrent model generalized from the correspondence with the architecture of LFCS.
Novel method for pornographic image detection using HSV and YCbCr color models
Authors: Marcial Basilio Jorge A. , Aguilar Torres Gualberto , Sánchez Pérez Gabriel , Toscano Medina Karina , Pérez Meana Héctor M.
Published: January 2024

In this paper a novel method to explicit content or pornographic images detection is proposed, using the transformation from RGB to HSV or YCbCr color model, which is the most usual format to images that exists on Internet, moreover the using of a threshold to skin detection applying the color models HSV and YCbCr is proposed. Using the proposed threshold the image is segmented, once the image segmented, the skin quantity localized in that image is calculated. The obtained results using the proposed system are compared with two programs which carry out with the same goal, the Forensic Toolkit 3.1 Explicit Image Detection (FTK 3.1 EID) and the Parabenís Porn Detection Stick that are two the most commercials solutions to pornographic images detection. The reported results in this paper were obtained using three sets of images, each one of them consist of 800 images choosing randomly which 400 are natural images and the rest are explicit content images, this sets were used to probe the proposed system and the two tools commercials. The proposed system achieved a 78,75% of recognizing, 28% of false positives and 14,50% of false negatives, the software FTK 3.1 Explicit Image Detection obtained 72,12% of recognizing, 38,50% of false positives and 17,25% of false negatives. Parabenís Porn Detection Stick achieved 74,25% of recognizing with 16% of false positives and 35,50% of false negatives. Finally can be prove that the proposed system be able to detect the images under study better than two of the software solutions more using for forensic researchers, for this reason the proposed method can be applied to computer forensics or in detection of pornographic images stored on mass storage devices.
Atmospheric freeze-drying of potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Ramírez Navas Juan Sebastián , Cañizares S. Jorge E. , Acevedo C. Diofanor
Published: January 2024

By applying the method known as Atmospheric Freeze-Drying (AFD) which uses low temperature and calcium chloride or silica gel as hygroscopic agents, two varieties of potatoe (Gabriela and Chaucha) were dehydrated. Three different pre-treatments were performed on the potatoes for the analyses. From the obtained data, following values were estimated: (i) the coefficients of surface mass transfer (from 61.77 to 148.55 kg·m-2·s-1), (ii) the heat transfer (from 5.75 to11.22 W·m-2·°C-1), (iii) the un-dimensionless number (from 1.03 to3.98), (iv) the drying time (from 200.00 to 303.26 h) and (v) the rehydration index (1.7 - 2.7). Furthermore, the mass transfer mechanism that controls the AFD was assessed. This process was assessed, and changes in the colour of the products at three different stages of the process using the Yellowness Index, and the microbiological properties of the atmospheric freeze-dried potatoes, were analysed. It was concluded that, the drying of potato slices by AFD can eliminate microbial growth and chemical reactions, and the pre-treatments step is necessary to prevent browning.
P300 based Brain computer interface for alternative communication: a case study with two teenagers with motor disabilities
Authors: García Cossio Eliana , Fernandez Carlos , Gaviria Maria Eugenia , Palacio Catalina , Alvarán Liliana , Torres Villa Róbinson Alberto
Published: January 2024

Brain computer interface systems use brain signals to enable the control of external devices, such as: wheelchairs, communicators, neuro-prosthesis, among others; in people with severe motor disabilities. In this study two young men with motor disabilities were trained to learn how to control a brain computer interface (BCI) using the P300 evoked potential recorded by electroencephalography (EEG). This interface enables the verbal communication through a stimulation matrix (4x3 rows and columns) that contains the picture of current football players and a sound related to each one which reproduced the name of them. Initially, we did the preparation stage that allowed the users to learn how to control the BCI. After this, the real probes were performed in two stages: the training tests and the online tests, where the participant could select the icons that he wanted through his brain signals. The average percentages of success for each participant were: 95% and 85%, respectively. The average time for an icon selection was 36 seconds (i.e.1.67 letters/minute).
Prediction of air contaminant concentration based on an associative pattern classifier
Authors: López Yáñez Itzamá , Yáñez Márquez Cornelio , Camacho Nieto Oscar , Argüelles Cruz Amadeo José
Published: January 2024

From a little more than 15 years to this day, several methods and techniques taken from the area of Pattern Recognition have been employed on the treatment of data concerning environmental protection. In particular, diverse research groups have applied genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks to the prediction of data related to atmospheric sciences and the environment. In this paper, the authors present the results of applying the Gamma classifier to the prediction of future values for air contaminants concentration, obtaining competitive results (RMSE of 0.556382 ppm for carbon monoxide).
Digital fabrication of construction models: analysis of equipments and procedures
Authors: García Alvarado Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

This paper sets out a preliminary classification of digital fabrication equipment and possible uses in the design and execution of buildings. It proposes the elaboration of construction models by laser cutters in order to study material and industrial possibilities. Digital design strategies for the execution of these models are set out, and the development of an internal script in 3D-modeling software is presented. Finally, several conditions of the elaborated models are analyzed, verifying the constructive issues review on design, as well as, optimisation and industrialization.
Repowering of power transformers- experiences
Authors: Padilla Jaime Andrés , Cadavid Héctor , Rincón César , Castro Juan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an experience is presented showing repowering an oil-submerged power transformer. The most efficient option is the redesign and repowering a transformer 20/25 MVA, 115/34.5 kV, Y/Y/D to increase the power from 20 to 30/35 MVA. This experience considers methodological aspects, preliminary tests, redesign and construction of main winding and compensation winding; final tests factory and validation of the methodology were carried out. The implementation of the methodology was conducted through a computational tool and the validation was conducted by testing at the factory laboratory of Industries Explorer, Duitama, Colombia.
Approximation to the measurement of Backorder impact on flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Bravo Juan-José , Orejuela Juan Pablo , Menduiña Zuzet
Published: January 2024

This document studies the implications of considering or not pending orders (hereinafter called "backorders") in production planning, control and configuration models in flexible manufacturing systems (SMF). In many of the models that attempt to study SMF, the backorder is not considered, and in those in which it is considered, it is included as a passive variable where the impact it may have on said systems and especially its relationship has not been explicitly noted. with the demand pattern. In the present investigation, direct benefits of the inclusion of backorders were identified in capacity utilization, in workload balancing between groups of Machines (cells) and in inventory levels. Finally, it is proposed to use the economic concept of elasticity to measure the real impacts between the backorder and other production factors, a novel strategy in this type of application and which may be the subject of future research.
ADM1 applications for a hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge-filter bed reactor performance and for a batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge
Authors: Ramírez Iván
Published: January 2024

The anaerobic digestion process comprises a whole network of sequential and parallel reactions of biochemical and physicochemical nature. Anaerobic digesters often exhibit significant stability problems that may be avoibed only through appropriate control strategies. Such strategies require, in general, developing appropriate mathematical models aiming at understanding and optimizing the anaerobic digestion process, describing these reactions in structured manner. This work reviews the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model  No. 1 (ADM1) and discusses two model applications: the anaerobic digestion of wine distillery vinasse as substrate in a 9.8-1 hybrid UASFB reactor and batch thermophilic anaerobic sigestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge. Predictions by the model using the parameters established in this study agreed well with the data measured under differents conditions tested. The resulting models explained the dynamic evolution of the main variables, in the liquid and gas phases.
Contents and Editorial
Authors: R. Agudelo John
Published: January 2024

Quantity vs Quality.
Indicators, impact factors and rankings are suitable instruments to weight the quality of scientific, educational and publishing institutions. This relevant information, determined by specialized companies and institutions, allows to know how good you are doing on one hand, and it points out your weaknesses, on the other hand.
The Start Matters: A Comparative Analysis of Climate Equity Among UNFCCC Country Parties and Country Groups
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2024

Incorrect indicators and starting years for emission cumulation can lead to confusion regarding the concepts of climate equity and climate responsibility. This article examines the variations in the results obtained by using different indicators and starting years to calculate climate equity and climate responsibilities among country parties and country groups of the UNFCCC. The article utilizes historical greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data from 193 countries spanning the period 1850 to 2021. The data is aggregated from various sources including EDGAR, Climate Watch, and Global Carbon Budget (GCB). The article calculates cumulative GHG emissions and cumulative GHG emissions per capita, with starting years 1850, 1970, and 1990. By highlighting differences in various indicators, the article aims to provide a better understanding of climate responsibilities, climate beneficiaries, and climate equity. The results demonstrate that cumulative emissions and cumulative emissions per capita are scientific indicators that reveal a country’s level of climate responsibility and climate equity. Negotiators can achieve consensus more easily in the complex system if they have a comprehensive and scientific understanding of climate equity. It is suggested that country groups under the UNFCCC use scientific indicators and methodologies to reveal climate responsibilities and climate equity.
Very good partial remission predicts progression-free survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Luchinin A. S. , Semochkin S. V.
Published: January 2024

Aim. To examine the role of very good partial response or better (VGPR+) as a surrogate predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature review of MEDLINE database (2010–2023) and materials presented at hematology and cancer congresses (2020–2022) was performed to identify studies reporting median progressionfree survival (PFS) and the rate of very good partial response (VGPR+). The study used Spearman’s weighted correlation and linear regression methods to analyze the association between median PFS and VGPR+. A total of 34,443 patients were involved in 182 original studies that included real-world clinical practice data.

Results. Based on the number of patients or year of publication, the correlation between VGPR+ and median PFS was statistically significant (Spearman coefficient r = 0.61), but low. For refractory/recurrent MM (r = 0.69) and for monoclonal antibody therapy (r = 0.81), the correlation between VGPR+ and PFS was stronger. In addition to achieving VGPR+, the line of therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation also played an important role in determining PFS. Based on these factors, an increase of one percentage point in VGPR+ predicted a 0.21‑month increase in median PFS in the final adjusted linear regression model.

Conclusion. In this study, VGPR+ was found to predict PFS, making it a universal early point of reference for MM prognosis regardless of the treatment type.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurses About Handling AntiNeoplastic Drugs at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Hussain Barzan , Abdulkareem Awayi
Published: January 2024

Background: Anti-neoplastic drugs (ANDs) are a medical therapy utilized to fight cancer. Due to the possible health risks, safe handling and occupational exposure to anti-neoplastic agents have become significant concerns for oncology nursing staff.

 

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in handling ANDs at Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

 

Materials and Methods: A quantitative-descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out on 91 nurses working in Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital from March to June 2022. A questionnaire was designed and constructed by the researcher.

 

Results: The findings of this study showed that the higher percentages level of nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice was 39.6%, 49.5%, and 51.6%, respectively, which indicated that the majority of participants in that hospital had a fair level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. A significant assertion was found between nurses' level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward handling ANDs with age, employment status, years of experience in handling ANDs, receiving formal training, number of working hours per week, and exposure to an ANDs side effect. In addition, a highly significant association between nurses' level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward handling ANDs (p=0.000) were found.

 

Conclusion: We concluded that most of the sample had fair knowledge, attitude, and practice about handling ANDs, with a highly significant association.
Correlation of skin temperature with time since injury in paediatric wrist injuries: an infrared thermal image analysis
Authors: Shobayo Olamilekan , Saatchi Reza , Reed Charlotte , Ramlakhan Shammi
Published: January 2024

This pilot study explored the correlation of skin temperature at the site of a wrist fracture or sprain with the time since injury (TSI). TSI is the time from the occurrence of an injury to when the infrared thermal (IRT) image recording was performed. IRT images of 40 children (mean
age 10.5 years, standard deviation 2.63 years) with wrist injuries were recorded at a Children’s Accident & Emergency department. The wrist region of interest (ROI) associated with the injury location was segmented, and its temperature was quantified by its mean value. The mean temperature
was correlated with the TSI for both injury types. There were 19 children with a wrist fracture and 21 with a wrist sprain. For a fracture, there was no significant correlation between TSI and ROI temperature for the first 3.3 hours post-injury, however a moderate correlation was observed
(correlation coefficient 0.680) thereafter till the time of last IRT image recording (i.e., TSI=125.3 hours). For a sprain there was no significant correlation between temperature and TSI (correlation coefficient= −0.245). The findings are indicative of the differences
in the pathological processes of fractures and sprains and the manner they affect the temperature of the soft tissues around them.
Forensic crime scene investigation in daylight conditions for the detection of time-sensitive, low-level fluorescent evidence
Authors: Diamond G. , Metodiev M. , McGeever J.
Published: January 2024

We present a lock-in detection machine vision NDT system that overcomes one of the biggest problems of forensic crime and fire scene investigation ‐ the detection of low-level fluorescence from evidence without the need for darkroom/night-time conditions. This system is backed
by software that automatically detects, sizes and records even the weakest of fluorescent indications and alerts the user to their presence under conditions which would make it extremely difficult ‐ if not impossible- for a human investigator to detect. Fluorescent light sources (FLS)
are widely used in investigations of crime scenes and sites of fires to detect the fluorescent signatures of body fluids, bone/teeth fragments, accelerants, and narcotics. Currently, due to the low levels of fluorescence involved, it is often necessary to perform such investigations under
dark room conditions whilst indoors and at night whilst outdoors. This can lead to investigation delays in the detection of time-sensitive evidence due to the requirement for dark conditions, which can also necessitate the construction of tents and awnings and reduction of working area. Moreover,
reliance on human investigators, also means that attention span and skill levels are subjective and variable, resulting in quality standard inconsistencies and sometimes the failure to detect evidence altogether. The system contains a range of inbuilt, self-contained light sources (365, 455,
530, 590, 400,505 and 625) nm and in-built digital filtering. Moreover, there is no need to resort to multiple colour filters as digital RGB colour-space is implemented. (It also provides the unique advantage of not always having to sift through ashes at fire-scene investigations to detect
bone fragments as they can be detected in-situ with the system). All scans of a scene under bright light conditions, have a photographic map of the fluorescent indications overlaid upon them, for a 100% QA and evidence recording purposes.