bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant control for a class of kinetic kill vehicle with actuator faults and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Ning Xin , Luo Chengfeng , Wang Zheng
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is introduced for a class of kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) with unmodeled dynamics, actuator faults and structural uncertainties. The key point is that the effects of structural uncertainties, actuator faults and unmodeled dynamics existing in KKV systems are universally considered and suppressed by the proposed method. To deal with the unmodeled dynamics and structural uncertainties, a dynamic signal is employed and a fuzzy logic system (FLS) is presented to approximate the multisource uncertainties. In addition, indirect compensation control laws are designed in order to handle the actuator faults caused by fuel consumption and manufacturing errors. Last but not least, benefiting from the adaptive laws, the external disturbances are appropriately compensated. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enables the system states of KKV to track the desired trajectories tightly under different conditions and the control performance is better compared with other algorithms.
Optimization sizing of an autonomous photovoltaic-battery microgrid system
Authors: Amara Sihem , Toumi Sana , Ben Salah Chokri , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah
Published: June 2022

This article describes a photovoltaic-battery microgrid system used for isolated sites. Indeed, a 50 kW photovoltaic panel is associated with a boost converter. To guarantee more reliable and economical energy supply, a battery storage system is included within the microgrid system. To determine the optimal sizing of the microgrid system, many approaches have been proposed. However, these approaches need a big database applied throughout a year, which can make the sizing more expensive and required a long computing time. In this article, a new approach is proposed, using real weather data (solar radiation and ambient temperature). It is based on two technical criteria; the deficiency of power supply probability and the relative excess power generated to study the system reliability and two economic criteria; the energy cost and the total net present cost to study the system cost. Compared to other approaches, sizing results applied for a year can be deduced using just the month when the microgrid system can work at the optimum conditions with optimal configuration (photovoltaic power and battery) achieving a minimal cost energy without deficiency of power supply probability, which make the sizing simpler and less expensive. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach in sizing problem. All results have been checked carrying out MATLAB simulations using real weather data.
Metabolic profiling of lysophosphatidylcholines in chlorpromazine hydrochloride- and N-acetyl-p-amino-phenoltriptolide-induced liver injured rats based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Cong , Li Hong-Wei , Ke Jia-Qun , Yu Xue-Chun , Zhao Mei-Yu , Shi Xin-Yue , Wu Lin-Jing , Tang Xi-Lan , Xiong Yin-Hua
Published: June 2022

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CH) and N-acetyl- p-amino-phenoltriptolide (APAP) are typical acentral dopamine receptor antagonists and antipyretic analgesics in clinical applications, respectively. However, it has been reported that these 2 drugs could cause liver damage. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) have multiple physiological functions and are metabolized primarily in the liver, where it undergoes significant changes when the liver is damaged. In the study, 15 LPCs in the rat serum with CH- and APAP-induced liver injury were quantified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to understand CH- and APAP-induced liver injury from the perspective of LPC metabolic profiling. The quantitative results showed that there were significant changes in 10 LPCs and 5 LPCs after CH- and APAP-administration, separately. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that CH- and APAP-induced liver injury could be well distinguished by the LPC metabolic profiling, and 7 LPCs and 1 LPC biomarkers that could characterize CH- and APAP-induced liver damage in turn had been screened. This study will not only provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis of CH- and APAP-induced liver injury, but also offer a reference for further study of their hepatotoxicity mechanisms.
Insights from a cultural-historical HE library makerspace case study on the potential for academic libraries to lead on supporting ethical-making underpinned by ‘Critical Material Literacy’
Authors: Curry Robert
Published: June 2022

This article explores the tensions and contradictions in the potential success of maker-learning in Higher Education (HE) as supported in academic library makerspaces. Insights are formed from an in-depth, Cultural-Historical Activity Theory framed case study on a well-established North American HE academic library-based makerspace service. Lessons are drawn from the organisational tensions that emerged as challenges in its development. Participants were from the library service, students and academics from different disciplines that make significant use of the library makerspace. The ‘relational agency’ and ‘common knowledge’ of academic librarians in bringing together academic and student perspectives on the utility of maker-learning is found to be key. Maker-learning is observed to be an intertwined embodied/haptic, social/dialogic and rational/critical expansive cross-disciplinary system in a Zone of Proximal Development. Evidence of attempts to address the themes of inclusivity, diversity and sustainability to achieve ethical-maker-learning outcomes are discussed and developed. The article then expands on Ratto’s Critical Maker pedagogy utilised by the case study library service. I conclude with the proposal of a potentially transformative new concept for supporting cross-disciplinary maker-learning systems, ‘Critical Material Literacy’ (CML), whereby technical and material awareness connects with progressive concerns for people and the planet. This new theoretical concept is designed to start proactively addressing the key case study themes, with academic librarians becoming critical agents in creating ethical-maker knowledge hubs.
Selected by expertise? Scientific experts in German news coverage of COVID-19 compared to other pandemics
Authors: Leidecker-Sandmann Melanie , Attar Patrizia , Schütz Annika , Lehmkuhl Markus
Published: June 2022

At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific expertise was and is more in demand than perhaps ever before. Scientific “experts” serve as an important source of information for journalists and for society. Our study analyzes, which experts get a chance to speak in German news coverage of COVID-19 compared to other pandemics, how diverse the spectrum of selected experts is and how their scientific expertise is to be assessed. Our findings show that the COVID-19 coverage is dominated by actors from the political executive and less than in previous pandemics by scientific experts. In addition, the coronavirus debate is characterized by a greater diversity of expert voices and the journalistic selection of scientific experts is biased in favor of those who have a high scientific expertise. On average, COVID-19 coverage seems to be biased more pronouncedly in favor of reputable scientific experts compared to previous debates on pandemics.
Factors influencing mental health nurses in providing person-centered care
Authors: Ahn Suyoun , Yi Yeojin
Published: June 2022

Background

Mental health nurses advocate for patients through a person-centered approach because they care for people experiencing mental distress who tend to be limited to exercising their human rights and autonomy through interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to provide high-quality person-centered care for these patients by identifying the influencing factors.

Aim

This study aims to identify the factors affecting mental health nurses in performing person-centered care for patients.

Research design

This study had a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational survey design.

Participants and method

Nurses ( N = 166) working at psychiatric wards in Korea completed an online questionnaire on moral sensitivity, attitudes toward people with mental illness, and person-centered care. The t-test and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the relevant ethics committee.

Findings

Moral sensitivity was a significant factor correlating with the provision and perception of person-centered care. Attitudes toward patients had no effect on person-centered care. The predictor variables for the provision of person-centered care (R2 = 0.247) were moral sensitivity (β = 0.33), having a professional qualification (β = 0.19), marital status (β = 0.18), and closed ward (β = −0.15). The predictor variables for the perception of person-centered (R2 = 0.150) care were closed ward (β = −0.25), moral sensitivity (β = 0.23), and marital status (β = 0.18).

Discussion and conclusion

Mental health nurses can strengthen person-centered care by improving moral sensitivity related to the ethical aspect of nursing and professional competence to address the complex needs of patients. Person-centered care needs to be applied more carefully in closed wards where human rights issues may arise. Through these efforts, the dignity of patients can be protected.
Dignity at stake in educational relations - The significance of confirmation
Authors: Stikholmen Tone , Nåden Dagfinn , Alvsvåg Herdis
Published: June 2022

Introduction

It is a goal in nursing education to promote students’ dignity and facilitate this core value. Students’ experience of dignity is shaped by the student–supervisor relationship. Literature shows limited knowledge about how nursing students experience their own dignity during education.

Research aim

The aim of the study is to develop an understanding of how nursing students experience their own dignity in relation to supervisors, and what significance these experiences have in education.

Research design

Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics was chosen as the approach, and narratives and qualitative interviews were conducted. The interpretation process was inspired by Fleming, Gaidys and Robbs.

Participants and research context

Nineteen nursing students in the final year of their education were included in the study. They represented six different campuses at three different educational institutions. The qualitative interviews took place at the educational institutions.

Ethical considerations

The research recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. Access to the students was given by the educational institutions. All interested students signed a continuous informed consent.

Findings

Students’ dignity was at stake in encounters with supervisors during education. Decisive for experience of dignity was the supervisor’s ability to confirm the student through acknowledgment, reassurance and seeing them as individuals. Experienced dignity had a crucial impact on students’ life courage and their ability to be present.

Discussion

The discussion emphasizes the vulnerable dignity of students, the importance of confirmation and the significance perceived dignity has.

Conclusion

Students’ experiences tilted between perceived dignity and offense, and placed students’ dignity in a vulnerable position. Crucial for perceived dignity was the confirmation the students received from their supervisors. Perceived dignity gave the students courage and increased their ability to be present, which provided better opportunities for learning and development.
Crisis, ethical leadership and moral courage: Ethical climate during COVID-19
Authors: Ali Awad Nadia Hassan , Al-anwer Ashour Heba Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Background

The global COVID-19 pandemic has challenged nurse leaders in ways that one could not imagine. Along with ongoing priorities of providing high quality, cost-effective and safe care, nurse leaders are also committed to promote an ethical climate that support nurses’ moral courage for sustaining excellence in patient and family care.

Aim

This study is directed to develop a structure equation model of crisis, ethical leadership and nurses’ moral courage: mediating effect of ethical climate during COVID-19.

Ethical consideration

Approval was obtained from Ethics Committee at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study using validated scales to measure the study variables. It was conducted in all units of two isolated hospitals in Damanhur, Egypt. A convenient sample of 235 nurses was recruited to be involved in this study.

Results

This study revealed that nurses perceived a moderate mean percent (55.49 ± 3.46) of overall crisis leadership, high mean percent (74.69 ± 6.15) of overall ethical leadership, high mean percent (72.09 ± 7.73) of their moral courage, and moderate mean percent of overall ethical climate (65.67 ± 12.04). Additionally, this study declared a strong positive statistical significant correlation between all study variables and indicated that the independent variable (crisis and ethical leadership) can predict a 0.96, 0.6, respectively, increasing in the dependent variable (nurses’ moral courage) through the mediating impact of ethical climate.

Conclusion

Nursing administrators should be conscious of the importance of crisis, ethical leadership competencies and the role of ethical climate to enhance nurses’ moral courage especially during pandemic. Therefore, these findings have significant contributions that support healthcare organizations to develop strategies that provide a supportive ethical climate. Develop ethical and crisis leadership competencies in order to improve nurses' moral courage by holding meetings, workshops, and allowing open dialogue with nurses to assess their moral courage.
The economic geography of European Union’s discontent: Lessons from Greece
Authors: Artelaris Panagiotis
Published: June 2022

The regions of the European Union are currently experiencing a period of seismic change that has transformed their established voting patterns and increased anti–European Union voting. Applying objective economic measures, spatial econometrics and municipal voting data from recent elections and a referendum, this study examines the factors shaping anti–European Union votes in Greece. The results indicate a strong link between the country’s changing economic geography and the geography of the anti–European Union vote, providing evidence not only of the ‘geography of discontent’ and the ‘left-behind hypothesis’ but also of the ‘geography of austerity’ associated with the heterogeneous effects of fiscal consolidation and austerity policies.
The Moral Example of the German Resistance Against the Nazi Regime
Authors: Lengeling Volkher Von
Published: June 2022

Perceptions about the German Resistance against the Nazis ( Widerstand) changed over the years since WWII. Whereas the Nazis saw resisters as amoral traitors, German leaders recently presented the individuals of the Widerstand as moral examples of people who resisted intolerance, racism and totalitarianism. Statements and reflections about moral perception by and about people of the Widerstand in a wide variety of sources were considered historically and with moral theory. Because of the vast heterogeneity of the resisters, a basic normative understanding of ethical and moral action was engaged instead of a single theory. The Widerstand represents a struggle for moral dominance between individuals and a morally corrupt state. The Widerstand case confirms the notion that morality is inextricably bound to individual perception of what is right or wrong. As an universal moral example, the Widerstand example moots for the rejection of intolerance, racism and totalitarianism as morally wrong.
Role of Democratic Decentralisation and Empowerment of Local Bodies: A Case of Kerala
Authors: Hari K.S.
Published: June 2022

Kerala, the southernmost state of India, known for its unique development experience, has scripted another success story in the empowerment of local bodies. Through institutional reforms in devolution of powers, responsibilities and funds to the local governments, the state ensured successful transition from that of centralised to decentralised planning in the last 25 years. The present article is an attempt to understand the contributory factors for success of Kerala’s decentralisation experience and the challenges ahead. Direct participation of people in the plan formulation through gram sabha ensured deepening of democracy in the state. This helped improvement in the service delivery at the local level in education and health care sectors and better management of sanitation. Women empowerment through Kudumbashree Mission continues to be a role model for other states to emulate. Failure in the inclusion of outlier classes and castes even after 25 years continues as a black spot on the Kerala experience with democratic decentralisation.
Augmenting digital monopolies: A corporate financialization perspective on the rise of Big Tech
Authors: Klinge Tobias J , Hendrikse Reijer , Fernandez Rodrigo , Adriaans Ilke
Published: June 2022

Building on the notion of corporate financialization, this article analyzes the financial dynamics of the world’s largest digital platforms over the period 2000–2020: Alibaba, Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook), Microsoft, and Tencent. These “Big Tech” corporations jointly form the infrastructural core of the digital economy. Taking cues from critical media studies and political economy, we probe their financial statements according to three stylized indicators of corporate financialization: (i) expanding financial assets and debt; (ii) augmenting asset structures, with intangible assets in the form of goodwill ballooning alongside tangible capital; and (iii) maximizing shareholder value. Our findings point to commonalities among the ‘avantgarde of digital capitalism’, where feedback loops between mounting market dominance, data extraction, and above-average profits have been successfully leveraged with key tools of corporate financialization to accelerate Big Tech’s infrastructural dominance across economy and society.
Community Satisfaction With Policing on Guam
Authors: Howes Loene M. , Watson Danielle , Ryan Vanessa , Rivera John J. , McNinch-Su Ronald L.
Published: June 2022

Guam is a Pacific Island in Micronesia with a complex colonial history. Strategically located, Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States and critical military asset. Policing on Guam is influenced by external stakeholders and budgetary limitations. Recently, a community policing model was introduced to better meet community needs and expectations. This study explored the relevance of predictors of satisfaction with police service provision in the Guamanian context. Residents of Guam ( n = 701) participated in a survey that included demographic characteristics, community context, and police–citizen interactions. Satisfaction with police service provision was predicted by age and perceptions of procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy. Higher income predicted lower satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of police legitimacy and related constructs for satisfaction with police service provision on Guam. Initiatives that focus on police performance and procedural justice may help improve satisfaction with police service provision on Guam.
Policing and Religion in Tuvalu: Perspectives on Navigating Tensions Between Multiple Security Actors
Authors: Amin Sara N. , Watson Danielle , Trussler Tanya
Published: June 2022

Although religious institutions are an important agent of non-state policing, especially in the Global South, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between religion and policing. The Pacific presents an ideal context in which to examine the relationship between religious and policing institutions in Christian majority postcolonial societies. Moreover, state and religious institutions in the Pacific Island States are currently being subjected to powerful processes, including economic liberalization, globalization, and localization/indigenization, producing both opportunities but also contestations and conflicts. Using interviews with police officers, religious leaders, and community leaders, this article examines how police officers negotiate the tensions between (secular) state law, indigenous structures of authority, and religious authorities in Tuvalu.
Optimization design of surface accuracy of SMC structure driven by space thermal radiation
Authors: Pan Fengqun , Jiang Xiangjun , Dong Xingkun , Du Jingli , Wang Yanping
Published: June 2022

The cable-net structure of large peripheral truss deployable antenna is radiated by the sun and planets for a long period of time, resulting in large thermal deformation and mechanical relaxation, which degrades the service performance of the antenna. In this paper, an optimal control strategy for surface accuracy of shape memory cable-net (SMC) structure under space thermal radiation is proposed. First, the shape memory alloy (SMA) is introduced and integrated with the cable-net structure. The SMC structure with shape memory effect (SME) has the capability to transform the space thermal radiation into a favorable factor for on-orbit adjustment of surface accuracy, in order to realize the on-orbit shape preservation of cable-net antenna in space environment. Then, the space temperature field of cable-net structure is calculated. Finally, the cable-net structure with a diameter of 2 m is simulated, and the influence of the diameter of SMA wire, slope for the relation between the critical stress of phase transformation and inverse phase transformation and temperature on surface accuracy are analyzed. It shows that the implantation of SMA can greatly improve the surface accuracy of cable-net structure in a single thermal cycle.
Recent College Graduates With Bachelor’s Degrees in Music Education: A Demographic Profile
Authors: DeAngelis David R.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine demographics of graduates with bachelor’s degrees in music education to better understand the collegiate pipeline for music teachers of color. White overrepresentation has been observed throughout the music education profession, but the field lacks a large-scale demographic profile for recent college graduates in music education. Using data collected from 565 institutions reporting music education graduates in IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Data System) as well as 40 additional schools, 29,869 students graduated with bachelor’s degrees in music education between 2011 and 2018; 81% were White, 7% were Hispanic/Latino, 4% were Black/African American, 2% were Asian, 0.5% were American Indian/Native Alaskan, 0.1% were Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 2% identified as two or more races. In addition, HBCUs and HSIs comprised only 5% and 6%, respectively, of schools in this data set, yet accounted for almost 1/3 of all Black and 1/4 of all Latino music education graduates.
Dicit Augustinus: Model Sermons as Episcopal Formation in St. Augustine's Tractates on the Gospel of John 55–124
Authors: Owens Shane M.
Published: June 2022

The bishop's primary task is teaching. Because of a lack of availability, erudition, or engagement, the Church has often suffered from a shortage of suitably equipped and pastorally present bishops. Provincial, regional, and ecumenical councils of the patristic and medieval eras sought to address this need. The fifth-century North African Church turned to St. Augustine as their resident expert on exegesis and episcopacy. Augustine formed future bishops as monks in his monastery and his co-bishops through model sermons they requested at council. The Tractates on the Gospel of John 55–124 were dictated for this purpose. Because Augustine's immediate audience was bishops (current and future), he meditated on aspects of the episcopacy: the spiritual risks of preaching, the discernment and discipline demanded in mystagogy and excommunication, and participation in Christ's blood and His Spirit, enabling growth in martyrial virtue and the performance of “greater works” for the glory of God.
Comparison Between Closed Suction Drainage and No Drainage Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Moncman Tara Gaston , Fliegel Brian , Massaglia Joseph , Raikin Steven M. , O’Neil Joseph T. , Pedowitz David I. , Daniel Joseph N.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of closed suction drains after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is associated with lower wound complications in the first postoperative year as compared to no drain usage.

Methods:

A total of 324 TAA were reviewed and included for analysis. One hundred forty-four did not have a postoperative drain placed, whereas 180 did have a postoperative drain. Demographic data, including age, sex, tobacco or alcohol use, and various medical comorbidities, were obtained. Follow-up data were collected and reviewed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks; 6 months; and 1 year postoperatively for minor and major wound complications, as well as wound-related reoperations.

Results:

At the 2-week mark, the use of a drain demonstrated a significant increase in wound complications. No significant difference in wound complications was found at each subsequent follow-up visit. Within the first postoperative year, a total of 46 patients (31.9%) without drains and 69 patients (38.3%) with drains had a wound complication. This was not statistically significant. Most wound complications were minor, and no significant difference in reoperation rates occurred between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

A postoperative closed suction drain may increase wound complications in the first 2 weeks after TAA and should therefore be used with caution.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
A Method for Verifying the Applicability of Tramway Projects
Authors: Chatziparaskeva Martha , Pyrgidis Christos , Kepaptsoglou Konstantinos
Published: June 2022

Feasibility studies of transportation projects often require significant technical input, which should normally be the outcome of sub-sequent studies. An early assessment and screening of technically suitable project alternatives in the form of applicability verification could yield significant cost and time savings for planners, decision makers and stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to develop a comprehensive approach for the technical applicability verification of tramway systems. The proposed method considers different applicability aspects in a systematic manner and allows for quickly assessing whether a project may be implemented, in the context of a preparatory process. A case study of the applicability verification method for the case of a planned tram line in Thessaloniki, Greece, demonstrates the potential of the proposed method.
Influence of boron carbide content on dry sliding wear performances of AZ91D magnesium alloy
Authors: Aatthisugan I , Murugesan R , Rao TVVLN
Published: June 2022

In this study, AZ91 magnesium alloy based metal matrix composites are made-up of bottom pouring stir casting with 0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.% and 3 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) particles reinforcements. The influence of hard reinforcements on mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength has been investigated for the casted composites samples. It was found that by adding 1.5 wt. % and 3 wt.% B4C particles, the Rockwell hardness value of 3.2% and 4.6%, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) values of 15.5% and 26.3% of the composites increased respectively. The influence of B4C contents on AZ91D mg alloy wear study was carried out using pin on disc apparatus. Also, the effect of applied load (5N, 10N, and 20N) on wear properties was investigated. The results of the dry sliding wear tests show that AZ91D- B4C magnesium composite has less wear loss than the unreinforced AZ91D magnesium alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed for finding the various compounds such as MgO, B4C and Mg17Al12 present in the developed composites. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed on the worn-out pin surfaces to investigate the wear pattern. These findings indicate that the addition of B4C content improved mechanical characteristics and wear resistance, which may also be used in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Grey-matter sodium concentration as an individual marker of multiple sclerosis severity
Authors: Maarouf Adil , Audoin Bertrand , Gherib Soraya , El Mendili Mohamed Mounir , Viout Patrick , Pariollaud Fanelly , Boutière Clémence , Rico Audrey , Guye Maxime , Ranjeva Jean-Philippe , Zaaraoui Wafaa , Pelletier Jean
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Quantification of brain injury in patients with variable disability despite similar disease duration may be relevant to identify the mechanisms underlying disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to compare grey-matter sodium abnormalities (GMSAs), a parameter reflecting neuronal and astrocyte dysfunction, in MS patients with benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) and non-benign multiple sclerosis (NBMS).

Methods:

We identified never-treated BMS patients in our local MS database of 1352 patients. A group with NBMS was identified with same disease duration. All participants underwent 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The existence of GMSA was detected by statistical analysis.

Results:

In total, 102 individuals were included (21 BMS, 25 NBMS and 56 controls). GMSA was detected in 10 BMS and 19 NBMS (11/16 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 8/9 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients) ( p = 0.05). On logistic regression including the presence or absence of GMSA, thalamic volume, cortical grey-matter volume and T2-weighted lesion load, thalamic volume was independently associated with BMS status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64 for each unit). Nonetheless, the absence of GMSA was independently associated when excluding patients with significant cognitive alteration ( n = 7) from the BMS group (OR = 4.6).

Conclusion:

Detection of GMSA in individuals and thalamic volume are promising to differentiate BMS from NBMS as compared with cortical or whole grey-matter atrophy and T2-weighted lesions.
Three heads are better than one? Digital multimodal composition completed collaboratively versus individually
Authors: Li Mimi , Pham Quang Nam
Published: June 2022

Digital multimodal composing (DMC) has attracted language instructors’ and researchers’ increasing attention during recent years. Previous studies mainly investigated the students’ DMC processes and perceptions, but DMC products are underexamined, and in particular, scarce is research comparing collaborative DMC products and individual DMC products. This article reports an empirical study conducted with 185 EFL college students in an English for specific purposes (ESP) course in Vietnam, in which they completed two infographic tasks using Visme, one collaboratively and the other individually. The DMC products were graded according to a rubric assessing the aspects of content/organization, multimedia/visual effects, and language use; the accuracy of the students’ infographics was also evaluated. The results of variance (MANOVA) test showed no statistically significant difference in the overall qualities of infographics between the two work conditions (i.e. collaborative composing and individual composing) as to both tasks, but the between-participant effects showed that collaborative DMC products were advantageous in visual effects for Task 1 and in content/organization for Task 2. The findings of the Welch’s t-test revealed no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of students’ DMC products between collaborative work and individual work. This study fills the research gap by comparing the qualities of collaborative DMC products and individual DMC products, and meanwhile highlights the role of infographics in writing pedagogy. Implications of the study for research and pedagogy are also discussed.
Nutrient intake and adequacy in children with autism spectrum disorder: EPINED epidemiological study
Authors: Arija Victoria , Esteban-Figuerola Patricia , Morales-Hidalgo Paula , Jardí Cristina , Canals-Sans Josefa
Published: June 2022

This article assesses nutritional intake and adequacy in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), subdiagnostic autistic symptoms and children with typical development (TD). In total, 77 children diagnosed with ASD, 40 with subdiagnostic autistic symptoms and 333 children with TD were assessed. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used. Very few nutritional differences were found between ASD and TD groups. Preschool children with ASD and subdiagnostic autistic symptoms had slightly lower intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), vitamin D and vitamin B12, and primary school children with ASD and subdiagnostic autistic symptoms had slightly higher intake of protein, cholesterol, thiamine and niacin, and a higher percentage of obesity than children with TD. All samples had an unbalanced energy intake (high in added sugars, fats and saturated fatty acids (SFAs); extremely inadequate intake (80%–100%) of vitamins D and E; high intake (50%–80%) of fibre, b-carotene (except preschool children with TD), calcium (except preschool children) and magnesium). The fact that differences between diagnoses are scarce may be related to the low level of ASD severity in this school sample.

Lay abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a fivefold elevated risk of developing eating problems, which predisposes them to nutritional deficiencies. This study assesses nutritional intake and adequacy in children with ASD, subdiagnostic autistic symptoms and typically developing (TD) children. Preschool children with ASD and subdiagnostic symptoms had slightly lower intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), vitamin D and vitamin B12. Primary school children with ASD and subdiagnostic symptoms had slightly higher intake of protein, cholesterol, thiamine and niacin, and a higher percentage of obesity than children with TD. All children had a high intake in sugars, fats and saturated fatty acids; a very highly inadequate intake of vitamins (vitamins D and E), fibre, b-carotene, calcium and magnesium; and a moderately inadequate intake of vitamin C, folate and iron. However, although all children need nutrition advice, children with ASD and subdiagnostic autistic symptoms had a poorer quality diet than those with TD.
How to communicate with children, according to Health Play Specialists in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study
Authors: Pérez-Duarte Mendiola Paulina
Published: June 2022

Child-focused anthropologists have described how sick-children utilise ‘Play’ and ‘imagination’ as a tool to cope and make-meaning of their illness-experiences. Health Play Specialists (HPS) are professional healthcare-workers who advocate for children and use ‘playful’ methods to improve communication with, and the lived-experience of, children in hospital. The research aim of this study was to identify strategies and methods employed by HPS to effectively communicate with children. The research methodology comprises interviews conducted with HPS and utilises a qualitative data-analysis model. The main findings include: the importance of ‘Play’ for chronically ill children; how HPS utilise material-resources to explain illnesses and procedures to children; structural challenges HPS face as a profession; and applicable advice for paediatric-healthcare-workers. This research highlights the importance of introducing a ‘pro-play’ mindset to healthcare-workers, in order to facilitate children’s basic human-rights in hospital. It seeks to advocate for the potential of ‘Play’ and the value of HPS within paediatric-healthcare-settings, as well as the need for further recognition and multidisciplinary research in this area.
Ripening time? The Welsh Labour government between Brexit and parliamentary sovereignty
Authors: Davies Gregory , Wincott Daniel
Published: June 2022

The Welsh Labour government occupies a unique position in UK territorial politics, favouring neither the status quo nor independence for Wales while advocating a new settlement for the whole state. This article provides a detailed examination of its policy, focusing on its position on the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. Drawing from a range of documentary sources, we analyse the Welsh government’s constitutional proposals and its decision-making in the wake of the 2016 referendum on European Union membership. We argue that Welsh policy is defined by ambiguity. While it advances an alternative constitutional vision, it refrains from rejecting Westminster’s sovereignty outright. In the aftermath of the referendum, it sought to accommodate that sovereignty with its own constitutional claims through enhanced intergovernmental collaboration. In light of the Johnson administration’s centralising reforms, the strategy appears to have failed. Caught in the fractious politics of the Union, Welsh constitutional policy now faces an uncertain future.
The West Jutland Tele-Electrocardiogram Registry (WEJU-tECG): content, data quality, and research potential
Authors: Bonnesen Kasper , Tofig Bawer J. , Niemann Troels , Bøttcher Morten , Schmidt Morten
Published: June 2022

Aim:

To present the content, data quality, and research potential of the West Jutland Tele-Electrocardiogram Registry (WEJU-tECG).

Methods:

Danish patients reporting symptoms indicating heart disease in the prehospital setting are subjected to a 12-lead tele-electrocardiogram (ECG) in the ambulance, which is digitally sent to a local tele-centre. WEJU-tECG is a newly established Danish registry containing information from the individual tele-ECGs received at the Regional Hospital West Jutland tele-centre.

Results:

WEJU-tECG holds extracted information from all tele-ECGs with a valid Civil Personal Register number between 2011 and 2020. WEJU-tECG contains information on patient characteristics, tele-ECG data (including a computerised tele-ECG interpretation), vital signs, and time information. A unique Civil Personal Register number allows individual-level linkage between WEJU-tECG and other Danish registries and enables complete follow-up. WEJU-tECG contains 43,696 tele-ECGs from 29,489 different patient contacts among 20,280 different patients. WEJU-tECG contains 5566 patients with ST-segment deviations. The median age is 67 years and 45% are women. Completeness is highest for time information (100% for all variables), tele-ECG data (99% for heart rate, the specific intervals and axes, and QRS duration, and 86% for J-point deviation), and patient characteristics (100% for all variables). Completeness is lowest for vital signs (13% for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, and 12% for blood oxygen saturation). The computerised tele-ECG interpretation had a negative predictive value of 80% for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 94% for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and a positive predictive value of 45% for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 32% for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

WEJU-tECG is a novel population-based tele-ECG registry with high research potential.
From polarization of the public to polarization of the electorate: European Parliament elections as the preferred race for ideologues
Authors: Fenzl Michele , Slapin Jonathan B , Wilhelm Samuel
Published: June 2022

This study examines the effect of voters’ ideological extremism on turnout in European national and European Parliament elections. Using data from recent European Election Studies, the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, and other national election studies, we find that, relative to centrists, ideological extremists (measured by self-placement on the left–right scales) are more likely to vote in European Parliament elections (2014 and 2019) but not national elections. We argue that these differences stem from the fact that European Parliament elections are second-order races. The results help to explain why the European Parliament has become more polarized, even in the absence of significant changes in overall attitudes among the European public, and why extreme parties have been more successful in recent European Parliament than national elections.
The effect of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on lip morphology
Authors: Davies Kristian James Michael , Richmond Stephen , Medeiros-Mirra Renata Jorge , Abbas Hawraa Hassan , Wilson-Nagrani Caryl Eleri , Davis Megan Gael , Zhurov Alexei
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To determine whether maternal smoking and/or alcohol consumption has an influence on lip morphology. Maternal smoking is a known risk factor for orofacial clefts; however, its influence on normal lip variation is unknown. Recent research regarding normal lip morphology has been contradictory.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting and participants:

A total of 4747 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who each had 3D facial scans carried out at 15 years of age were included in the study.

Methods:

Each of the participants was automatically categorised regarding predetermined lip morphological traits. Questionnaires completed by their mothers identified smoking and alcohol habits during pregnancy. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the effect of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on lip morphology.

Results:

Maternal smoking has significant effects on upper and lower lip contours, Cupid’s bow, lower lip-chin shape and lower lip tone (all P < 0.05). There was also an indication of a potential epigenetic effect of smoking pre-pregnancy on upper lip contour ( P = 0.0573). Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with philtrum shape, particularly when >6 units of alcohol are consumed per week ( P = 0.0149, 32 weeks). Overall results suggest a deeply grooved philtrum is more likely if alcohol is consumed. Investigating the combined effect of smoking and alcohol consumption, lower lip contour ( P = 0.00923) and lower lip-chin shape ( P = 0.0171) are statistically significant, with lower lip contour more likely to be narrow in the midline, and lower lip-chin shape more likely to be an angular concavity.

Conclusion:

Maternal smoking influences a number of lip traits, including a possible epigenetic effect on upper lip contour. Maternal alcohol consumption, particularly at a high level, influences philtrum shape. Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption have a combined effect on lower lip contour and lower lip-chin shape.
The influence of intake flow and coolant temperature on gasoline spray morphology during early-injection DISI engine operation
Authors: Reuss David L , Kim Namho , Sjöberg Magnus
Published: June 2022

Multi-hole gasoline injectors operating at conditions spanning throttled early-intake stroke operation produce spray plumes that either remained separated or merge and collapse due to flash boiling. Flash boiling occurs due to the sudden expansion of gas bubbles in the liquid fuel at high fuel temperature and low ambient pressure. This study records high-speed images of spray-morphology changes due to in-cylinder flow, thereby revealing operating conditions that do and do not affect the self-induced morphology observed in quiescent vessels. Specifically, in a central-injection, four-valve, high-tumble engine, where the thermodynamic state and in-cylinder cross flow are dynamic. Motivated by cold start and hot restart operation, the fuel pressure, coolant temperature, in-cylinder air pressure, and engine rpm were systematically varied over relevant operating conditions, which bracketed the range from non- to flash-boiling sprays. The results reveal the operating conditions at which the in-cylinder cross flow disrupts the spray morphology as well as the extent of the disruption. At 650 rpm, the spray morphology was similar to that observed in quiescent vessels at nominally equivalent fuel temperature and in-cylinder pressure, indicating that the spray’s self-induced entrainment flow dominated the in-cylinder flow. However, for fuel temperature and ambient pressure near the transition between non- and flash-boiling, the intake cross flow at higher engine speed (1950 rpm) significantly disrupted the spray morphology. The high cross-flow velocity appears to induce plume merging and collapse, whereas none was evident at low rpm (650 rpm). This study led to the postulate that the spray merging and collapse are governed by the rate of atomization near the nozzle exit, presumed to be controlled by either or both aerodynamic atomization and flash-boiling intensity. It would then follow that spray modeling in CFD requires atomization models that blend the effects of both physical processes.
Evaluation of different injectors-swirl configurations on combustion and emissions characteristics in a medium-duty compression ignition diesel engine
Authors: García Antonio , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Villalta David , Guzmán María Gabriela
Published: June 2022

To regulate emissions and reach efficiency values closer to theoretical limits in heavy and medium-duty vehicles the incremental improvement of the combustion engine is necessary as other options, like electrical powertrains, remain in the early stages of their development for such load demands. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect on emissions and performance of three different injectors – with two flow rates (1300 and 1500 cm3/min) and three different hole numbers (7, 9, and 10) – coupled with two levels of swirl ratio (1.81 and 1.05) under experimental stationary conditions. Following this, a merit function strategy is developed and used to determine the hardware combination that provides the best advantage regarding the tradeoff between emissions and fuel consumption based on criteria that considers prospective regulations and the current performance of the hardware. The results obtained from this work indicate that a low flowrate injector, coupled with a cylinder-head that achieves a swirl ratio of 1.81 performs the best among the tested hardware combinations, providing reductions of at least 2 g/kWh of indicated specific fuel consumption while NOx emissions are comparable with the other tested hardware combinations and soot emissions have almost negligible values (under 6 mg/kWh for all operating conditions).
Sycomorphism in city branding: The case of Amazon HQ2
Authors: Sullivan Katie R , Rennstam Jens , Bertilsson Jon
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, tech-companies such as Amazon, Google, Facebook, and Apple have grown exponentially, and it can be tempting for cities to try to attract these powerful corporations. This paper explores a particular aspect of this development, namely, how cities brand themselves to win the favor of a single big business. We draw on institutional isomorphism and a case study of North American cities’ branding efforts to attract Amazon’s second headquarters (dubbed HQ2). Our qualitative analysis shows that branding for a big business can lead cities into what we call sycomorphism, that is, acting obsequiously toward an important other in ways similar to other organizations. We identified three key expressions of sycomorphism: pandering, identification, and blank-checking. Our study contributes with knowledge that cities are not only subject to generalized pressure to compete for businesses, but they are also enticed by single powerful actors outside their organizational field, that can “jolt” cities to communicate obsequiously to win favor. Through the concept of sycomorphism, we advance the theoretical understanding of the relationship between isomorphism and city branding and thereby expand the usefulness of institutional theory in marketing scholarship.