bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of mitochondrial bioenergy and system glutathione in deficiency of Coenzyme Q and Complex I
Authors: Ussipbek Botagoz , Ablaikhanova Nurzhanat , Carlos Lopez Luis , Murzakhmetova Maira
Published: April 2024

Cytokine Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an insoluble coenzyme that is a component of the electron transport chain and is involved in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. By a decrease in CoQ10, the energy requirements of the cell are not fully covered: cell division slows down, and the processes of tissue renewal and regeneration are disrupted. In our work, we used a model of mice CoQ9 Knockin (R239X). In homozygous mutant mice, a strong decrease in CoQ7 protein and the accumulation of dimethoxyubiquinone are observed. An impairment of hydrogen sulfide metabolism was previously identified as a significant pathomechanism of primary Coenzyme Q deficiency. The experimental results showed that the disruption of sulfide and glutathione metabolism in Coq9R239X mice is directly dependent on CoQ levels. Therefore, changes in dietary sulfur-containing amino acids do not alter sulfide metabolism and the glutathione system in Coq9R239X mice. As our experiments have shown, an increase in total glutathione is observed only in symptomatic brain tissue. It can be assumed that this is due to oxidative stress in the symptomatic brain tissue, which is often found with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Influence of neck and back massage on the synchronicity of electrical brain activity
Authors: Kulbayeva Marjan , Shvetsova Yelena , Abdreshov Serik , Mustafin Mukhamet , Datkhabayeva Gaukhar
Published: April 2024

Due to busy working or learning schedules, people spend a lot of time in a sitting, motionless position, which could cause tension neck syndrome and promote other harmful consequences. Massage has been used for health support for many decades. However, there are a lot of different types of massages with different physiological effects, and our knowledge remains pure regarding the biological mechanisms of massage benefits. The question of the influence of massage on functional brain state attracts scientific interest as massage is an available and attractive health-supporting tool. Particular types of massage had been found to reduce frontal brain activity, but others were associated with the activation of certain brain regions. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of combined general and point massage of the cervical-collar area on the electrical activity of the brain in terms of its synchronicity in healthy young subjects. Through cross-correlation analysis of EEG before and after massage, we found that massage of the cervical-collar area increased the synchronicity of electrical activity between the central and frontal regions during resting state with closed eyes and decreased the synchronicity between the central and occipital brain areas during resting state with opened eyes, which allows us to suggest that this type of massage optimizes functional brain state.
Research of developing critical thinking in inclusive biology education
Authors: Gabdullina Nurillya , Akhmetova Aigul , Yerkebay Raikhan , Magauiyakyzy Venera , Ramazanova Indira
Published: April 2024

The standards for the personal attributes of graduates of educational institutions, especially those with special needs, evolve in response to shifts in society. After all, they integrate seamlessly into society. Graduates must cultivate socially significant personal attributes in order to boost their flexibility. The application of technological components for the growth of critical thinking facilitates this. A person’s personality is formed, and the development of their critical thinking skills is useful for autonomous thought. Students in a biology class are taught to think critically, analyze arguments, assess the validity of information sources, and come up with alternative answers within the framework of critical thinking technology. Biology lessons were taught during the study via a variety of techniques to foster critical thinking. Students with special needs participated in a survey at the end to provide input. According to the study, teaching exceptional children to think critically improves their capacity for problem solving as well as their level of engagement and confidence. The study’s findings demonstrate the necessity of greater investigation into strategies for teaching critical thinking in order to serve a larger number of kids with special needs.
Evaluation of phage cocktail efficacy for controlling infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in in vivo experiments
Authors: Alexyuk Madina , Alexyuk Pavel , Moldakhanov Yergali , Akanova Kuralai , Bogoyavlenskiy Andrey
Published: April 2024

Colibacillosis is a common veterinary infection that causes huge economic losses to the livestock and poultry industry. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria and has reduced the effectiveness of standard treatment regimens for infectious diseases. This stimulated the renewed interest in bacteriophages among scientists since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are widespread in nature and accompany bacteria in every environment they colonize, including the microbiota of warm-blooded animals. The purpose of the research was to study the therapeutic activity of a cocktail created on the basis of bacteriophages isolated in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The therapeutic activity of the phage cocktail was determined through experimental infection of chickens with a pathogenic strain of E. coli. The in vivo experiments showed that the administration of the bacteriophage cocktail enabled 86% of the chickens to survive after being infected with lethal doses of pathogenic E. coli. They also revealed that the frequency of phage cocktail administration did not affect its efficacy. Thus, the investigated phage cocktail is a promising candidate for the creation of biotechnological antibacterial agents on its basis for safe and effective treatment of poultry against colibacillosis.
Quantitative composition and taxonomic structure of endophytes of agricultural crops
Authors: Brazhnikova Yelena , Vedyashkina Natalya , Omirbekova Anel , Goncharova Alla , Ignatova Lyudmila , Karpenyuk Tatyana
Published: April 2024

Various vegetative organs of the studied crops yielded 320 isolates of cultivated forms of micromycetes, with a predominance of filamentous fungi (249 strains). The level of colonization by fungi varied widely, ranging from 6 to 40%. This indicator was lower for yeast, ranging from 2 to 12%. The isolation ratio of fungal strains ranged from 0.08 to 0.54, while yeast strains ranged from 0.02 to 0.2. The taxonomic composition of endophytic micromycetes complexes in the studied agrocultures included 7 genera of filamentous fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Cladosporium) and 4 genera of yeasts and yeast-like fungi (Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium, Metschnikowia, and Cryptococcus). The greatest taxonomic diversity was observed in soybean and sweet clover. Barley and sainfoin also exhibited considerable diversity. The quantitative composition and taxonomic structure of endophytes are largely influenced by species, physiological state and stage of development of the host plant, type of plant tissues and organs, and environmental conditions.
Screening of bioemulsifier-producing drugs to exclude mucus-forming and hydrocarbon destructors
Authors: Yesentaeva Кuralay , Zhuniszhan Aisulu , Berzhanova Ramza , Mikolash Annett , Mukasheva Togzhan
Published: April 2024

The current study aimed to examine 271 bacterial isolates from the plant rhizosphere and oil-contaminated soil for the ability to produce extracellular bioemulsifiers. The bacterial isolates were screened for bioemulsifier production using several tests, including oil displacement, parafilm M destabilization, droplet collapse, and the emulsification index (E-24). The most effective strains were characterized by 8 isolates displaying an E-24 index greater than 60%. Among these, 6 strains isolated from plant rhizospheres demonstrated the ability to form mucus on solid media. The remaining two strains, Z2 and D1, were isolated from oil-contaminated soils and exhibited robust growth in a medium supplemented with oil and diesel. Surface tension was measured using the Wilhelmy plate method, finding low surface tension values of 57.6 ± 0.6 and 55.6 ± 0.6 mN/m for the culture supernatants of strains Z2 and D1, respectively. Further, a study on the cell hydrophobicity of strains Z2 and D1 revealed values above 70%, indicating high hydrophobicity. Strains Z2 and D1 were selected for their high emulsifying activity in the presence of edible oils and petroleum hydrocarbons, suggesting their potential as bioemulsifier producers.
The impact of climate change on the taxonomic composition of the Zagatala State Nature Reserve
Authors: Hasanova Minare , Huseynova Aynur , Guliyeva Sevinj , Badal-zade Nigar , Taghiyev Seyfeddin
Published: April 2024

Zagatala State Nature Reserve is one of the first reserves created in the South Caucasus. The territory of this reserve, organized in 1929, is 47349 ha. The fact that the Zagatala Reserve is bordered by the Lagodekhi Reserve (Georgia) and the Tiyarta Ban (Russia) further increases its natural conservation importance. The main four factors that influence the climate of the reserve are geographical latitude, the protection of the area from the north by mountain ranges, the presence of a strongly fragmented relief and the height amplitude of the area to be high (up to 360-3600 m). Because the soil is rich and the relief is complex, the flora and vegetation are also diverse. Only 1.6% of its area covered by forest is mainly coniferous Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn., Taxus baccata L., Juniperus oblonga M.B. species. Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn., which grows naturally only in Balakenchay basin in Azerbaijan it is sparsely distributed in the not very high mountain range up to 1000 m in height between Balakenchay and Filizchay, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. In the Zagatala State Nature Reserve, the main composition of the flora is petrophytes, i.e., rock plants consisting of stony soil.
Immunological aspects of chronic kidney disease diagnosed in adult patients
Authors: Nuraliev Nekkadam , Jumaniyazov Jurabek
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to study the immune status of patients diagnosed with SBK, to develop immunological diagnostic and prognostic criteria. It was found that SD3+- and SD4+-lymphocytes decreased by 1.43 and 1.07 times, SD8+-lymphocytes increased by 1.25 times, and IRI decreased by 1.32 times (T-immunodeficiency). SD25+ lymphocytes increased by 1.80 and 1.59 times, and SD95+ lymphocytes increased by 1.28 and 1.13 times in the blood of these patients. It was found that the amount of SD16+-lymphocytes was reliably increased compared to the parameters of healthy individuals. An imbalance was observed in the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum, while IL-4 increased by 11.84 times in patients, IL-6 was reliably reduced by 1.46 times compared to healthy people. Dynamic determination of serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-6 was recommended as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for patients diagnosed with SBK.
Cyanobacterial community structure and isolation of thermophilic cyanobacteria in the Zharkent geothermal spring
Authors: Seiilbek Sandugash , Akmukhanova Nurziya , Zayadan Bolatkhan , Bidagulova Nazym , Albay Meriç
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacterial biodiversity represents a significant reservoir for the potential discovery of new promising microorganism species. The purpose of this research is to explore the diversity of cyanobacteria and identify thermotolerant species found in the Zharkent geothermal spring situated in the Zhetysu region. At the time of water sampling from the spring, the temperature reached 75-80 °C. Cyanobacterial mats in the form of microbial agglomerations were identified on the stream periphery. Nine cyanobacterial species were found in these cyanobacterial mats, including Synechococcus, Phormidium, Gloeocapsa, Oscillatoria, Fischerella, and Nostoc. Among the cyanobacteria inhabiting the hot spring, 44% were non-heterocystous forms, while the rest exhibited heterocystous characteristics or were present as single-celled organisms. The order Oscillatoriales was the most predominant, including four species, followed by the order Chroococcales with three species. Pure cultures of cyanobacteria, such as Oscillatoria formasa, Nostoc commune, Anabaena cylindrica, and Fischerella thermalis, were isolated from the geothermal spring. These cultures were subjected to thermotolext56rance assessment at different temperatures. All examined strains exhibited a high growth rate at 45-50°C, with a slowdown at 55 and 60°C. The optimal growth temperature was 45-50°C, except for the Fischerella thermalis strain, which showed active growth at 60°C. The obtained results emphasize the potential application of the isolated strains in biotechnology.
Genetic monitoring tools for radon pollution research
Authors: Biyasheva Zarema , Zaripova Yuliya , Onalbek Diana , Dyachkov Vyacheslav
Published: April 2024

A critical target for ionizing radiation is DNA that damage to a cell. Thus, when dealing with the general irradiation of the body, we observe the diverse effects of radiation. As a result of irradiation, somatic cells retain the ability to reproduce, but can give rise to the growth of a clone of altered cells, leading to a malignant neoplasm. The manifestation of ionizing radiation on germ cells can lead to prolonged effects, morphological changes and hereditary diseases. It is quite difficult to study the genetic consequences of radiation on patients due to the difficulties of compiling or selecting comparable control groups or samples and maintaining their representativeness. On the solutions to this problem is to simulate the genetic effects of irradiation on model objects, in our case, this is Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic effects of alpha radiation are main manifested in the morphology form of the wing, thorax and antenna morphoses. However, alpha particles very often cause the development of colored tumors, which have been allied melanomas. Genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of α-radiation were detected in the test systems of the gene white (white eyes), linked X chromosomes and Basc (Me-5).
Molecular identification of Oidium neolycopersici on greenhouse tomato in Kazakhstan
Authors: Pozharskiy Alexandr , Mendybayeva Aruzhan , Nizamdinova Gulnaz , Kostyukova Valeriya , Gritsenko Dilyara
Published: April 2024

Powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici is a harmful diseases of tomato widespread all over the world, particularly affecting tomato plants in greenhouses. Despite the occurrence of the disease in Kazakhstan, no studies on molecular identification of the pathogen were conducted to date. In the present work, third generation sequencing of partial rRNA gene sequence was used to identify the isolate of the powdery mildew fungus from a local greenhouse, in addition to traditional identification based on symptoms and micromorphology. As a result, 5,693 reads specific to the target genomic region allowed to obtain a partial consensus sequence rRNA gene of 499 bp length. This sequence was used to identify the fungus. Although the specificity of this sequences was not certain within genera Erysiphe and Pseudoidium, in addition to morphological and pathological traits, it provided sufficient data to identify the found fungal isolate as Oidium [Erysiphe] neolycopersici. More precise identification and characterization require additional studies using purified genetic material of the fungus.
Chromosomal abnormalities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sarmoldina Aliya , Bulegenova Minira , Kalimagambetov Aitkali
Published: April 2024

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most conventional cancer in children and teenagers. In adults, this pathology is much less common. The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of chromosomal aberrations in clinically identified 1269 feeble children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia for the period from January 2013 to January 2023. The average age of the patients was 10.2±1.69 years. The material for the study was bone marrow and blood cells obtained from a puncture biopsy of the sternum and peripheral vein. Cytogenetic studies were carried out using the generally accepted standard method using GTG banding. The results of the analysis showed the absence of genomic and chromosomal mutations in 215 (17%) children; translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13) was detected in 75 (6%) children; in 221 (17.5%) children - t(4;11)(q21;q23); in 234 (18.5%) children - t(9;22)(q34;q11); 88 (7%) - t(12;21)(p33;q22) and 139 (11%) patients had translocations between other chromosomes. Hyperdiploid translocations were detected in 139 (11%) children. No sick children with hypodiploid cells were found. No metaphase cells were obtained from 152 patients (12%). In sick children, a relatively low frequency of optimistic predicting chromosomal abnormalities, namely t(12;21)(p13;q22) and hyperdiploid, has been established. The pervasiveness of chromosomal aberrations with a negative treatment prediction, such as t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), is consistent with the accessible international scientific literature data. The results obtained indicate the importance of cytogenetic studies in the diagnosis and predictions of children with ALL.
Analysis of the genetic variability of camel populations in Kazakhstan using ISSR-PCR markers
Authors: Shaltenbay Gulfairuz , Kapassuly Tilek , Dossybayev Kairat
Published: April 2024

In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristics of camel populations of Kazakhstan using ISSR-PCR markers. As a result, fragments of the following sizes were identified using the (AG)9C primer: 200, 320, 370, 430, 580, and 700 bp. Based on the (GA)9C primer, the length of the amplicons was 300, 350, and 430 bp. An analysis of the genetic differences of camels in the populations was carried out using ISSR-PCR markers. As a result, the number of allelic indices of polymorphic loci of the (AG)9С primer and related polymorphic loci in the population of the Shymkent population was equal to 77.78%, the allelic index of polymorphic loci of camels in the Taraz population - 33.3%, Kyzylorda and Atyrau populations - 44,44%. In camels selected for the study, the number of observed alleles (Na) averaged 1.27, the effective number of alleles (Ne) was equal to 1.37, the genetic diversity (h) according to Nei was equal to 0.21 and the Shannon index (I) was equal to 0.30. The average allelic score for polymorphic loci was 50.0% across four populations. Based on our results, the two markers used in the work were informative in assessing the genetic diversity of camel populations.
Structure features of assimilative organs of the species Salsola leptoclada Gand. in the desert region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ibrokhimova Guli , Duschanova Guljan
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the morpho-anatomical structure of the assimilation organs of the species Salsola leptoclada Gand, which is widespread in the Kyzylkum desert region of Uzbekistan, and reveals the structural, diagnostic and adaptive features. It was found that the leaf of species Salsola leptoclada has long multicellular nodular trichomes from the base to the tip and the absence of trichomes in the cotyledons. It was established that in the cotyledon and leaf the epidermal cells have a straight multifaceted protrusion, the presence of paracytic and hemiparacytic stomata in the epidermis in the cotyledon, and in the leaf - anomacytic and hemiparacytic type. A dorsiventral (Aksiroid) type of cotyledon mesophyll was found, and in the leaf there was a kranz-centric (Salsoloid) and a kranz-ventrodorsal type. The microscopic analysis of biometric indicators and anatomical characteristics of the cotyledons and leaves of the studied species Salsola leptoclada established the relationship between halomorphic and xeromorphic characteristics of assimilating organs, which prevail in arid conditions. These identified anatomical characters are explained by the predominance of halomorphic characters in the cotyledon mesophyll of xeromorphic characters in the leaf mesophyll.
Analysis of the soil cover from the mercury province Aydarken (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Imatali kyzy Kalyskan , Djenbaev Bekmamat , Abdulazizov Tilebaldy
Published: April 2024

Kyrgyzstan holds a prominent position globally as a significant source of antimony and mercury, with considerable scope to enhance the output of these metals. Nevertheless, safety concerns related to mercury possess both ecological and societal consequence, which demand attention. Transport and transformation dynamics of mercury within ecosystems necessitates specific focus. This article elucidates findings from physicalchemical analyses carried out in Mercury Province of Aydarken - situated within Kyrgyzstan’s Batken area - over a span of four years (2013 - 2017). The research delved into exploring different soil types and their individual mechanical components at various sea-level altitudes ranging from 1684 m to 2078 m. The investigation used atomic absorption techniques to gauge levels of mercury concentration in the soil cover; noteworthy observations emerged during this process. It was discerned that across every zone studied, there was an elevated level of concentration compared not only to control plots but also against Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) thresholds pertinent for safety standards: this held notably true around areas such as tailing dumps and metallurgical plants with variations observable per proximity from contamination sources.
Assessment of raw material reserves of promising medicinal plants in the territory of Western Altai in Eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kubentayev Serik , Gemejiyeva Nadezhda , Mukhtubaeva Saule , Razhanov Medeu , Izbastina Klara
Published: April 2024

The results of resource studies of economically valuable species of medicinal plants of the Western Altai (East Kazakhstan region) growing on the territory of 7 forestry municipal state institutions (FMSI) are presented: Zyryanovsk, Ridder, Pikhtovskoye, Cheremshanskoye, Malubinskoye, Verkh-Ubinskoye and Ust-Kamenogorsk. Western Altai occupies the right bank of the Irtysh, includes the interfluve of the Uba, Bukhtarma and Narym and is represented by a system of mountain ranges in the northern part of the Kazakhstan Altai. The operational reserves and volumes of possible procurement of raw materials of 8 species of medicinal plants were taken into account. For specific thickets of sites or model samples, raw material reserves were recorded. Traditional geobotanical methods were used to describe plant communities involving resource objects. For four species, the presence of commercial thickets with a supply of air-dried raw materials was established. from 300 to 2000 tons: Veratrum lobelianum, Sanguisorba officinalis, Filipendula ulmaria, Epilobium angustifolium. For other species, raw material reserves varied from 1 to 65 tons: Aconitum leucostomum, Inula helenium, Achillea millefolium, Bupleurum multinerve. The raw material base of the identified species of medicinal plants in the territory East Kazakhstan region is able to meet the needs of the domestic pharmaceutical industry.
The species composition of algae in the system of High-Altitude Kolsay Lakes (Kungei Alatau, Kazakhstan)
Authors: Jiyenbekov Aibek , Nurashov Satbai , Sametova Elmira , Jumakhanova Gaukhar
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of studying the algal flora of the system of high-altitude Kolsay lakes. The list of discovered algae includes 109 species, varieties and forms from 6 divisions belonging to 61 genera, 35 families, 23 orders, 9 classes. On the basis of modern taxonomy, a summary of the discovered algae species has been compiled and a floral analysis has been carried out. A comparison of taxonomic wealth by different departments has been carried out. The head part of the algal flora of the Kolsay lakes has been isolated and analyzed. An algological analysis of the identified species composition of algae in the Kolsay lakes system, based on a study conducted in 2020-2021, showed a significant leadership of diatoms with classes, orders, families and genera of pennate algae. Most of the algae species found in the lakes under study belong to cosmopolitan forms that are widespread in various types of reservoirs.
Monitoring of dynamic state of pasture plant cover in Kashkadarya Basin
Authors: Khujanazarov Uktam , Bakiyev Dustmaxmat , Khonxodjayeva Nodira , Nigmatullayev Bakhtiyor , Isabekova Makhina
Published: April 2024

This article gives information about the ecological situation in the areas where scientific research has been conducted in recent times. In particular, the state of desertification of the foothill pastures of the Kashkadarya region of Southern Uzbekistan is highlighted. Also, information about the cases of ephemeris and ephemeroids not completing the vegetation process as a result of grazing cattle in the pasture, and the representatives of the weeds spread in the pastures were shown. The wide spread of weed seeds, the presence of indicator species in the territories where they appear, and their levels of occurrence are also highlighted in the work. The dependence of germination levels on the pastures of the Kashkadarya basin on climatic factors and the long duration of drought was analyzed. From this point of view, it is very important to determine the rules, norms and standards for the use of pastures, their reproduction and restoration. Restrictions and bans on the use of pastures, arbitrary use of pastures, prevention and eradication of vegetation are relevant today. The main goal is to conduct an inventory of pastures, carry out geobotanical inspection of pastures, monitor pastures, use pastures, and conduct scientific and financial activities for their reproduction.
On the study of the wheat nematode Anguina tritici chitwood, 1935 and their importance in wheat cultivation in Uzbekistan conditions
Authors: Khurramov Alisher , Mukhiddinova Mukhlisa , Karshieva Makhbuba , Temirova Madina , Narzullaeva Gulchekhra
Published: April 2024

In our study, the wheat nematode Anguina tritici Chitwood, 1935 was registered in wheat ears in surveyed grain-growing farms in 5 regions of Uzbekistan. Larval stages of two- and three-year-old nematodes were observed at different stages of development in plant organs and root soil. The population density, depending on the living conditions, ranged from 8 to 60 larvae per 100 cm3 of soil and roots, and in stems and leaves from 12 to 25 larvae per 20 g. In heavily infected ears of wheat, the number of galls ranged from 9 to 50 copies. For the effectiveness of agrotechnical measures, such as crop rotation in the fight against wheat nematode, experiments were conducted to assess the viability of wheat nematode larvae. One-year-old, two-year-old and three-year-old galls were selected and the number of larvae was counted. It turned out that the number of viable larvae in annual galls is higher than in two-year and three-year-old galls.This is due to the fact that after a period of time, the accumulated food reserves in the body were used up for the viability of the larvae.
Landscaping of settlements in the Aral Sea disaster zone (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Salmukhanbetova Zhuldyz , Zverev Nikolay , Dimeyeva Liliya , Imanalinova Azhar
Published: April 2024

The role of landscaping in ameliorating the environmental conditions within settlements surrounding the Aral Sea is paramount. The primary natural constraints affecting the proliferation of plant species in the green spaces of Aralsk include low winter temperatures, elevated summer temperatures, meager precipitation, and susceptibility to windstorms. An evaluation of the species composition of tree and shrub vegetation was conducted in landscaped areas belonging to social and cultural facilities, as well on private residential property, within the municipal boundaries of Aralsk. Plantings surveyed encompassed an area of approximately 34,000 m2. 89.5% of the flora is comprised of five predominant taxa: Ulmus pumila, Populus x canadensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Platycladus orientalis, and Acer negundo. These species demonstrate resilience to both high and low temperatures throughout the growing season, and their availability as planting material in the region further enhances their suitability. Presently, the city incorporates 31 taxa of tree and shrub species in its green spaces. Notably, Ulmus glabra, Catalpa ovata, Platanus orientalis, Hibiscus syriacus, and Prunus padus have been introduced and were not previously observed in the city. Analysis of the age distribution reveals 68.7% of young trees, underscoring ongoing landscaping efforts within the city even amid a shortage of irrigation water.
Sol-gel Spin Coated Hydrophilic Composite Titania-Silica Coatings on the Glass Substrates for Automotive Applications
Authors: Luther King M. Francis , Yepuri Venkatesh , Singh G. Robert
Published: April 2024

The pollutants from the environment can also degrade the surface of the glass, which result in loss of transmittance of the glass surface. This necessitates the formation of a dedicated crew for the correct maintenance of glass furniture, notably in the Middle East. In this paper, we describe sol-gel spin coating of titania thin films on glass substrates, which may function as a hydrophilic coating by spreading water molecules across the substrate and removing pollutants and other dust particles, hence eliminating the need for maintenance and wipers. The fabricated coating was tested with X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and evidenced anatase nature of titania and amorphous nature of silica at Bragg angle 25° in the coating. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations endorsed Ti-O-Ti and Si-O-Si functional linkages at wavenumbers 551, and 957 cm-1 demonstrating the presence of titania and silica in the as-developed coating. Cross sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) investigation evidenced the formation of composite titania-silica film on the glass substrate with a thickness about 36 nm. The coating transmittance was studied by ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and found 95% transmittance in the visible region. Moreover, wetting study utilizing the sessile drop technique yielded a 74° contact angle when the water droplets were interacted.
Investigate the Mechanical properties of Al7075-MoS2 Composite via Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Prabhu Deva Madan , Parthiban A. , Theerka Tharisanan R. , Ashok Raj R.
Published: April 2024

Al7075 is a material that is both lightweight and has a high thermal conductivity. Aluminum is one of the best materials available, and it also happens to be one of the least expensive. This study examines the hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, metallurgical characteristics, tribological behavior, impact of wear test parameters, and corrosion resistance of Al7075 hybrid composites reinforced with hard reinforcement MoS2. The powder metallurgy technique is used to create the Al7075 hybrid composites. Molybdenum disulfide served as a soft reinforcement to boost the corrosion resistance of the Al7075 hybrid composites and to give higher wear resistance with a reduced Coefficient of Friction. Al7075 hybrid composites contain 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% weight of molybdenum disulfide. The scanning electron microscope is utilized to obtain SEM images in order to validate the homogeneous distribution of MoS2 within the aluminum 7075 matrix alloy. It is proof of a composite devoid of flaws and demonstrates the excellence of its fabrication.
Assessment of Bullet Impact and Failure Mechanism of Concrete Containing Polythene Aggregates
Authors: Syal Ankush , Tiwary Aditya Kumar
Published: April 2024

The time from the initial stage of existence on Earth, the war continued. In this concern, India’s DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organization) and OFB (Ordnance Factory Board) worked appreciatively to develop new protective gear against assault weapons. The main focus of bullet or blast proof structures is to safeguard the life of soldiers, their accessories and gears, along with confidential and classified acquittance, firearm and ammunition, and sensitive systems. Defence structures like bunkers and tranches were designed in such discipline to keep them active round-the-clock with heavy armoury and made functional near to Line of Control (LOC) and Line of Actual Control (LAC) which oppose the effect of highly intensive blast waves. In such a manner, field testing with different Indian assault rifles i.e. INSAS (Indian Small Arms System), SIG 716i (US origin), and INSAS LMG (Indian Small Arms System-Light Machine Gun) was made from different ranges starting from 50mts to 300 mts extreme. Such structures were designed to protect the safety of soldiers from the bump of bullet effect. Structures designed are very strong and durable with opposition to high lateral load and visible surfacing. Construction material used for building plays a foremost role. The investigation is based on unique and advanced ideas in designing the defence structures. The investigation elaborates on the difference between conventional designing and the special designing of defence structures, as the advanced concept of polythene aggregates performs better than ordinary concrete.
Study of mechanical behaviour & microstructural properties on friction stir welded aluminium alloys 6082 - t6&8011
Authors: Sivabalan S. , Sridhar R. , Ajith Arul Daniel S. , Sathishkumar G.
Published: April 2024

In this study 6082 T6 aluminium alloys and 8011 aluminium alloys of 5mm Thickness by using a friction stir welding procedure, plates were connected. weldments are carried out by varying various parameters such as Tool rotational rates are varies from(600 rpm,800 rpm,1000 rpm),Traverse speed are varies from(10 mm/min,20 mm/min,30mm/ min) Axial Forces are varies from (4 kn,6 kn,8 kn) and Tilt angle maintains 10.This process performed by nonconsumable tool as Hexagonal,cylindrical and square pin profiles to generate a heat energy and plastic atomic diffusion's are made in the weldments. The fractography microstructure of tensile specimen shows minimum failure when the tool rotational speed is 800rpm, traverse speed at 20 mm/min and axial force 8KN.
Exploring the Importance of Trace Elements in Nutrition: Understanding Their Vital Role in Health and Well-being
Authors: Verma Shiya , Kumar Suneel , Sharma Sharali
Published: April 2024

Trace elements despite being needed in extremely small amounts, trace elements are essential for many body’s physiological processes. The relevance of trace elements in human nutrition is examined in this abstract, which also conclude their functions in immunological response, hormone production, enzyme activity, and tissue structure maintenance. It is crucial to maintain a balanced intake of these nutrients since deficiencies or excesses of them might have negative effects on one's health. People can get these trace elements—which are necessary for general health—by eating a varied and nourishing diet. The complex functions that trace elements play in human health are still being uncovered by ongoing research, which emphasises how important it is to comprehend and maximise their presence in our diets. To provide accessibility to essential micronutrients and to promote optimal health, trace elements must be included in dietary recommendations.
Building a data-driven teaching platform for ESL vocabulary corpus in universities based on VR technology
Authors: Cheng Lijun
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, the application of VR to English language teaching has gradually become an emerging trend. As the driving force of English learning, the establishment of ESL vocabulary corpus is of great significance for making great progress in teaching in colleges and universities. By analyzing the characteristics of VR technology, the study establishes a data-driven teaching platform for ESL vocabulary corpus in colleges and universities based on this technology. Then, based on the improved graph neural network, the text classification of the ESL vocabulary corpus was carried out to achieve the integration of ESL vocabulary corpus resources. The results show that the improved graph neural network vocabulary text classification model converges at 145 iterations, and the convergence speed is improved by up to 100 generations; Among different datasets, the recognition accuracy of the SADE-GNN model on the MR, R8, SST1, and SUBJ datasets is 90%, 99%, 63%, and 96%, respectively. In the recognition and classification of ESL vocabulary corpora in universities, the accuracy of this model is stable at around 95%, with a maximum value of 97%. In practical teaching applications, students' English listening, reading, writing, and speaking scores have all increased to varying degrees, with the top 50% of students achieving 95 or above in both reading and speaking. The above results indicate that the teaching platform under the research model has high accuracy in text classification, can significantly improve the effectiveness of English teaching, providing new reference ideas for the construction of ESL vocabulary corpus and teaching method reform in universities.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Residual and Recurrent Craniopharyngioma after Transcranial Approach: A Multi-institutional Experience
Authors: Jani Ronak H. , Raju Sudesh , Kim Miri , Gardner Paul , Zenonos Georgios A. , Snyderman Carl , Wang Eric W. , Patel Chirag , Germanwala Anand V.
Published: April 2024

Objectives While the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has become a well-established surgery for resection of craniopharyngiomas (CP), the utility of this procedure following subtotal resection from open transcranial approach (TCA) surgery has yet to be explored. Here we present a multi-institutional case series of patients who underwent EEA for treatment of recurrent CP originally treated by TCA, demonstrating the viability of this approach as salvage surgery.

Design Retrospective cohort.

Setting Loyola University Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Participants Patients who underwent EEA for recurrent CP following an initial TCA between 2003 and 2018.

Main Outcome Measures Gross total resection (GTR) rate, surgical complications, visual outcomes, and endocrine outcomes

Results Patients who underwent EEA for recurrent CP following a prior TCA had a GTR rate of 77%. EEA reoperation was not associated with worsening of visual outcomes as compared with the primary TCA (0% visual worsening after EEA reoperation vs. 40% after primary TCA, p = 0.055). While primary TCA resulted in worsening endocrinopathies in 100% of patients (including seven patients with permanent diabetes insipidus), subsequent EEA for re-resection of CP resulted in stable (30.8%) or improved (69.2%) endocrine function in all patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions EEA achieves reasonable GTR rates and is an effective, safe surgical option for recurrent CP postinitial TCA. This approach demonstrated stable or improved visual and endocrinologic outcomes in all patients within our two-institution series. Thus, EEA should be considered as an efficacious form of retreatment in cases of progressive and recurrent CP.
Protective Role of MerTK in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy via
Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Su Xiaoyang , Chen Wenting , Fu Yidan , Wu Bian , Mao Fugang , Zhao Yan , Yang Qiuping , Lan Danfeng
Published: April 2024

Introduction Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) impacts patient quality
of life. In such patients, increased expression of mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK)
has been demonstrated; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this
study, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DPN models were established in
Sprague Dawley rats via low-dose streptozotocin and a high-fat diet and the mode
of action of MerTK was examined.

Methods MerTK-specific inhibitors were administered by gavage once daily
for 2 weeks. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity and nerve structure were
measured. The levels of MerTK, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of
activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1
beta (IL-1β), and relevant biochemical indexes were detected.

Results The study revealed upregulation of MerTK expression in T2DM and
more so in DPN groups. Inhibiting MerTK led to reduced nerve conduction velocity
and further deterioration of sciatic nerve structure, as evidenced by structural
morphology. Concurrently, serum levels of total cholesterol, glycated
hemoglobin, and triglyceride significantly increased. Moreover, levels of NF-κB
increased in both serum and nerve tissue, alongside a significant rise in TNF-α
and IL-1β expressions. MerTK could bind to the inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta
(Ikbkb) in Schwann cells, establishing Ikbkb as a precursor to NF-κB
activation.

Discussion Inhibition of MerTK exacerbates neuropathy, indicating its
protective role in DPN by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, highlighting a
potential new target for its diagnosis and treatment.
Fluorite-structured antiferroelectric hafnium-zirconium oxide for emerging nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic-computing applications
Authors: Xu Kangli , Wang Tianyu , Yu Jiajie , Liu Yongkai , Li Zhenhai , Lu Chen , Song Jieru , Meng Jialin , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: April 2024

The rapid progress of the internet of things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence has increased demand for high-performance computing. This demand has led to a focused exploration of novel nonvolatile memory (NVM) and brain-inspired neuromorphic-computing electronics, with research efforts directed at identifying materials compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Exploring fluorite-structured hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) mixed oxides has revealed promising ferroelectric (FE) and memristor characteristics, suggesting potential applications in emerging technologies. However, certain intrinsic properties of HZO-based FEs, such as high coercive fields (Ec) and polarization metastability, may pose challenges for commercial viability. Recent investigations of fluorite-structured HZO-based antiferroelectrics (AFEs) have highlighted their advantages, including lower energetic barriers, higher switching speeds, and a uniform phase distribution. These inherent benefits position fluorite-structured HZO-based AFEs as potential candidates within the NVM landscape. Furthermore, the accumulated polarization and spontaneous depolarization characteristics of fluorite-structured HZO-based AFEs make them worthy of potential integration into neuromorphic-computing because they resemble certain aspects of neuron behavior. Despite these positive aspects, a more thorough exploration and consideration are needed to address existing challenges. This review aims to present fluorite-structured HZO-based AFE materials and highlight the current challenges, possible applications, and future opportunities and can act as an update for recent developments in these intriguing materials and provide guidance for future researchers in the optimization and design of HZO-based AFE materials and devices for emerging NVM and neuromorphic-computing applications.
Measurement of liquid viscosity using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on GA-BP neural network
Authors: Wang Yan , Lv Tianyi , Zeng Yu , Tao Jin , Luo Jian
Published: April 2024

Sensor technology plays a pivotal role in various aspects of the petroleum industry. The conventional quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) liquid-phase detection method fails to discern the viscosity and density of solutions separately, rendering it incapable of characterizing the properties of unknown liquid solutions. This presents a formidable challenge to the application of QCM in the petroleum industry. In this study, we aim to assess the feasibility of exclusively utilizing a single QCM sensor for liquid viscosity measurements. Validation experiments were conducted, emphasizing the influence of temperature and solution concentration on the viscosity measurement results. The results indicate that the QCM liquid viscosity response model can achieve viscosity measurements in the temperature range of 20 to 60 °C and concentration range of 10%–95% glycerol solution using a single QCM, with a maximum error of 7.32%. Simultaneously, with the objective of enhancing the model’s measurement precision, as an initial investigation, we employed a backpropagation neural network combined with genetic algorithm (to optimize the measurement data. The results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the measurement accuracy of the QCM sensor, with a root mean square error of 3.89 and an absolute error of 3.07% in predicting viscosity values. The purpose of this research was to extend neural networks into the evaluation system of QCM sensors for assessing the viscosity properties of liquid in the oil industry, providing insights into the application of QCM sensors in the petroleum industry for viscosity measurement and improving measurement accuracy.
Performance evaluation of low heat rejection diesel engine operated with biofuels under-selective catalytic reduction
Authors: Reddy G. Vidyasagar , Tarigonda Hariprasad , Krupakaran R. L. , Reddy D. Raghurami , Giri Jayant , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Mohammad Faruq , Sunheriya Neeraj , Mallik Saurav , Sathish T.
Published: April 2024

Vehicle emissions are responsible for about 30% of all air pollution in the world. Vehicle emissions can be significantly reduced through the use of selective catalyst reduction (SCR). The present work emphasizes the impact of thermal barrier-coated pistons on diesel engine performance as well as emission qualities. A Ni–Cr–Al–Y bond coat was applied to the tested engine piston that was 50 microns thick and a top coat that was 250 microns thick. These coatings were applied using the plasma spray technique to a combination of 2 mol. % of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), 2 mol. % of Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), 3 mol. % of Yttria (Y2O3), and continuing 93 mol. % of Zirconia (ZrO2). In a 4-stroke, 1-cylinder diesel engine, the testing was carried out utilizing diesel, Mahua, and Jatropha fuels with and without coating. The selective catalytic reduction technique was employed in the current test to reduce NOx emissions. The findings of this analysis indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of an insulated piston engine improved by 3.9%, and when JB 100 was chosen as the fuel, the insulated piston reduced brake-specific fuel consumption by 3.5% in comparison to the normal piston. In engines coated with SCR, hydrocarbon emissions were lowered by 20.1%, while carbon monoxide emissions were dropped by 13.4%. In comparison to the baseline engine, the oxide of nitrogen emissions were reduced by 39.1%.
SiC substrate-facilitated lithium-ion migration to modulate Kekulé-O graphene
Authors: Xia Mingyue , Liu Hongsheng , Bao Shanyong , Zhang Gang , Zhao Jijun , Gao Junfeng
Published: April 2024

Li-ions-intercalated bilayer graphene (BLG) on a SiC substrate can form Kekulé-O mode graphene (Kekulé-O graphene), which has attracted widespread interest for its demonstration of chiral symmetry breaking in particle physics. However, the Kekulé-O mode cannot be observed at high temperatures, which is still a mystery. In this Letter, the effect of the SiC substrate on the migration of Li-ions within the BLG was investigated by first-principles calculations. Our results show that the SiC substrate can significantly reduce the migration energy barrier of Li-ions at both low and high Li concentration. At saturated Li-ion concentration, due to the presence of SiC substrate, Li-ions only need to cross a very small barrier (0.06 eV) to destroy the Kekulé-O graphene. Therefore, the disappearance of Kekulé-O graphene prepared at high temperatures is attributed to the fast migration of Li-ions. This work provides atomic understanding of the temperature modulation of Kekulé-O graphene.