bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global and Local Sensitivity Analysis of Heat Transport in Fractured Rock Using a Modified Implementation of the LH‐OAT Method
Authors: Wu Xiao‐long , Kueper Bernard H. , Novakowski Kent
Published: November 2024

Thermal remediation of contaminated sites in fractured bedrock is complicated by the characterization and identification of heat transfer between fractures and matrix, and the complex interactions between the hydrogeological and thermodynamic parameters. A three‐dimensional numerical model was applied to investigate these issues using global and local sensitivity analyses for the significance of six variables that potentially influence the heating performance in fractured rock. These variables include the radius and energy delivery strength of the heat source (which were used to study the scale effect and heating processes), the fracture aperture, fracture spacing, groundwater flow velocity, and the thermal conductivity of the rock matrix. A discrete Latin Hypercube‐One‐at‐A‐Time (LH‐OAT) scheme is proposed and utilized as an experimental design and data analysis method for the discrete variables that apply to this case. The results show that at all four monitoring points within the heating area, the radius of the source and energy delivery strength are the most sensitive parameters. To minimize heat dissipation, additional heating wells are demonstrated to be effective for a small or pilot scale site (5 < r < 10 m), while the increase of energy delivery strength is more applicable for larger sites. Extra efforts should be invested to minimize heat dissipation when large fractures (2b> 1600 μm) are identified in the heating area. Re‐samplings and re‐evaluations with one‐way perturbation in both positive and negative directions are thus suggested to avoid biased results caused by perturbations that occur in only positive or negative directions.
Evaluating the impact of the self‐BAT screening tool on patient outcomes: Results of the let's talk period project
Authors: McDonald Laura , Grabell Julie , Leung Jennifer , Hopman Wilma , James Paula
Published: November 2024

Introduction

One of the many challenges in diagnosing bleeding disorders is distinguishing between normal and abnormal bleeding symptoms. Letstalkperiod.ca is an educational website that includes an online self‐administered bleeding assessment tool (Self‐BAT) which is a validated screening tool that enables patients to independently determine their bleeding scores (BS).

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate patient outcomes for those referred with an abnormal Self‐BAT BS compared to those referred without the prior use of the Self‐BAT.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational study. After obtaining REB approval, chart review was performed for patients evaluated for a suspected bleeding disorder in a tertiary care centre between 2016 and 2023.

Results

351 patients (310 female) were identified for inclusion with a mean age of 41 years. Of these patients, 30 were referred for a positive/abnormal Self‐BAT BS and the remainder were referred for other reasons. Patients referred for a positive Self‐BAT BS required interventions for their bleeding symptoms more often (73.3% vs. 36.7%, p ≤ .001). Though they were not diagnosed with an inherited bleeding disorder more often (6.7% vs. 10.7%, p = .754), patients referred for a positive self‐BAT were more likely to be diagnosed with a bleeding disorder when the definition was expanded to include bleeding disorder of unknown cause (56.7% vs. 31.9%, p = .008).

Conclusion

Results of this study suggest that the Self‐BAT at letstalkperiod.ca can be a useful tool for patients and physicians to identify those needing referral to tertiary haematology clinics for evaluation and management of bleeding symptoms.
Evolving molecular classification of aggressive B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Alig Stefan K , Chapuy Björn , Ennishi Daisuke , Dunleavy Kieron , Hodson Daniel J
Published: November 2024

This review aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in the classification and molecular understanding of aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, specifically focusing on diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma (HGBL). Advances in molecular techniques have led to novel ways to classify these lymphomas based on clinical, histological, transcriptional, and genetic properties. While these methods have predominantly focused on the malignant compartment, recent studies emphasize the value of profiling the tumour microenvironment for a more comprehensive disease classification. Additionally, the integration of liquid biopsies represents a promising advancement, offering less invasive and dynamic insights into tumour characteristics and treatment response. Although molecular profiles are not yet routinely used to guide therapy, emerging data highlight their potential to predict responses to novel treatments. It is our belief that integrating molecular profiling and liquid biopsies into clinical practice and research now will pave the way for more personalized and effective therapies in the future.
MANDATORY INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS FOR UNEMPLOYED JOB SEEKERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED FIELD EXPERIMENT IN GERMANY
Authors: van den Berg Gerard J. , Hofmann Barbara , Stephan Gesine , Uhlendorff Arne
Published: November 2024

Integration agreements (IAs) are contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, nudging the latter to comply with rules on search behavior. We designed and implemented a randomized controlled trial involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, randomizing at the individual level both the timing of the IA and whether it is announced in advance. Administrative records provide outcomes. Novel theoretical and methodological insights provide tools to detect anticipation and suggest estimation by individual baseline employability. The positive effect on entering employment is driven by individuals with adverse prospects. For them, early IA increase reemployment within a year from 53% to 61%.
Navigating ethical considerations in the use of artificial intelligence for patient care: A systematic review
Authors: Badawy Walaa , Zinhom Haithm , Shaban Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Aim

To explore the ethical considerations and challenges faced by nursing professionals in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into patient care.

Background

AI's integration into nursing practice enhances clinical decision‐making and operational efficiency but raises ethical concerns regarding privacy, accountability, informed consent, and the preservation of human‐centered care.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirteen studies were selected from databases including PubMed, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Thematic analysis identified key ethical themes related to AI use in nursing.

Results

The review highlighted critical ethical challenges, such as data privacy and security, accountability for AI‐driven decisions, transparency in AI decision‐making, and maintaining the human touch in care. The findings underscore the importance of stakeholder engagement, continuous education for nurses, and robust governance frameworks to guide ethical AI implementation in nursing.

Discussion

The results align with existing literature on AI's ethical complexities in healthcare. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening nursing competencies in AI, advocating for patient‐centered AI design, and ensuring that AI integration upholds ethical standards.

Conclusion

Although AI offers significant benefits for nursing practice, it also introduces ethical challenges that must be carefully managed. Enhancing nursing education, promoting stakeholder engagement, and developing comprehensive policies are essential for ethically integrating AI into nursing.

Implications for nursing

AI can improve clinical decision‐making and efficiency, but nurses must actively preserve humanistic care aspects through ongoing education and involvement in AI governance.

Implications for Health Policy

Establish ethical frameworks and data protection policies tailored to AI in nursing. Support continuous professional development and allocate resources for the ethical integration of AI in healthcare.
Key phase diagram experiments and thermodynamic modeling of the ZnO‒B2O3, ZnO‒SiO2, and ZnO‒B2O3‒SiO2 systems
Authors: Kim Min‐Kyung , Lee Jaesung , Jung In‐Ho
Published: November 2024

Thermodynamic modeling of binary ZnO‒B2O3 and ZnO‒SiO2 systems and ternary ZnO‒B2O3‒SiO2 system were carried out based on the critical evaluation and optimization of all available phase diagram and thermodynamic property data using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method. To resolve the inconsistency among the available phase diagram data in ternary ZnO‒B2O3‒SiO2 system, key phase diagram experiment was carried out using classical quenching method followed by electron probe micro‐analysis and X‐ray diffraction phase determination. The liquid oxide solution was described using the modified quasichemical model accounting for a short‐range ordering behavior in molten oxide solution. Thermodynamic models with optimized model parameters were used to predict the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the ternary systems.
The Impact of Product Packaging Characteristics on Order Picking Performance in Grocery Retailing
Authors: Loske Dominic , Mangiaracina Riccardo , Regattieri Alberto , Klumpp Matthias
Published: November 2024

Increasing labor cost levels and workforce shortages have caused retailers to pay increased attention to their order‐fulfillment operations, which continue to largely depend on manual order picking systems. The operations and logistics management literature suggests that optimizing tertiary packaging, which groups products into full unit loads for storage and shipping, is an important way to improve order picking performance. While most retailers handle products at the level of secondary packaging when fulfilling orders, this packaging level remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we analyze 3,380,596 picks performed by 185 order pickers of 4957 products in a grocery retail warehouse in Germany. Our findings indicate that secondary packaging characteristics directly affect order picking performance and that this effect is moderated by traditional product characteristics (e.g., product weight and volume), as well as elements of warehouse design (e.g., pick and stack levels). From a managerial perspective, our findings may help to bridge the gap between logistics managers and packaging engineers and provoke further research on the trade‐off between operational and environmental performance.
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Circulating Inflammatory Proteins, and Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jia Guobing , Guo Tao , Liu Lei , He Chengshi
Published: November 2024

Observational studies have indicated that there is an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an elevated risk of hypertension. However, a definitive causal relationship between the two conditions has not been established. The objective of this study was to investigate the causal link between RA and hypertension, as well as the potential mediating role of circulating inflammatory proteins in this relationship. We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal relationship between RA and hypertension. The study data were obtained from publicly accessible genome‐wide association study (GWAS) databases and meta‐aggregates of large GWAS studies. The primary statistical method for determining causal effects was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, which was supplemented by a variety of sensitivity analyses. The results of the IVW method suggest a causal relationship between RA and an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04, p = 3.32 × 10−5). This association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. Furthermore, MR analyses also revealed causal links between 10 circulating inflammatory proteins and the risk of hypertension, with TNF‐related activation‐induced cytokine partially mediating RA‐induced hypertension at a mediator ratio of 11.17% (0.27%–22.08%). Our study identifies causal relationships between several genetically determined inflammatory proteins and hypertension, establishing that RA increases hypertension risk, with inflammation partially mediating this effect. These findings provide new evidence supporting the inflammatory hypothesis in the mechanism of hypertension. Inflammatory factors may serve as potential targets for antihypertensive therapy.
Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wong Wei Jin , Nguyen Tan Van , Ahmad Fahed , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Koh Angela S. , Tan Kit Mun , Zhang Ying , Harrison Christopher , Woodward Mark , Nguyen Tu Ngoc
Published: November 2024

Diabetes is one of the most pressing health issues in the Southeast Asian region, and hypertension has been commonly reported as a comorbidity in adults with diabetes. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the prevalence and management of hypertension in adults with diabetes in Southeast Asian countries. A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase Classic + Embase from database inception until March 15, 2024. Studies were included if (1) they were conducted in Southeast Asian countries, (2) the study populations were adults with diabetes, and (3) there was information related to hypertension or blood pressure (BP) in the study results. Of the 7486 abstracts found, 90 studies qualified for this review. Most studies reported a hypertension prevalence of 70% or higher (ranging from 29.4% to 93.4%). Despite this high prevalence, a substantial proportion of these populations did not receive adequate BP control, with most studies indicating a control rate of less than 40%. There was limited evidence on the prescription of antihypertensive therapies and medication adherence. There was a lack of studies from 4 of the 11 countries in the region. This review highlights that BP control in adults with diabetes remains a significant challenge in Southeast Asia. Given the ongoing epidemiological transition, and the increasing older population in this region who are likely to accumulate multiple chronic conditions complicating medication strategies, this review highlights the urgent need to improve BP management in those with diabetes.
Resolving the problem of surface dyslexia in Italian through inflection of irregular verbs
Authors: Licciardo Daniele , Isella Valeria , Canu Elisa , Forestiero Marta , Castelnovo Veronica , Valsecchi Stefania , Agosta Federica , Filippi Massimo , Appollonio Ildebrando , Nestor Peter J
Published: November 2024

Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are considered diagnostic features of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and are useful signs in English, a language whose attributes afford numerous opportunities to observe these phenomena. This, however, is not the case in many languages, including Italian, that have high transparency between orthography and phonology, making surface reading and spelling errors scarce. This creates a problem in applying the diagnostic recommendations for svPPA in such languages. Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are examples of ‘regularization’ errors in which semantic knowledge loss leads to a failure to recognize exceptions that do not follow standard rules of pronunciation. Another form of regularization involves the incorrect inflection of irregular verbs using the rules that govern regular verbs. Unlike irregularly pronounced words, Italian, as with many languages, has numerous irregular verbs. The Italian Verb Inflection Test (IVIT) was developed to test the hypothesis that svPPA would regularize irregular verbs when inflecting them into two Italian past tenses. Results confirmed that people with svPPA made a significantly greater proportion of regularization errors compared to people with typical Alzheimer's disease or logopenic variant PPA. Without recourse to the other diagnostic features of PPA subgroups, the IVIT on its own could separate svPPA from these other two groups with 70% sensitivity and ~ 80% specificity. Regularization of irregular verb inflection offers a solution to the problem of applying the surface dyslexia/dysgraphia criterion for svPPA diagnosis in Italian.
Effect of vitamin D adjuvant therapy on the proportion of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and pregnancy outcome of patients with recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Ling Shaoyun
Published: November 2024

Background

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is influenced by immune factors, particularly regulatory T cells, which can impact immune function and miscarriage risk. Vitamin D (VD) is known to regulate the immune system, potentially improving pregnancy outcomes in RM patients. This study aims to assess the effect of VD adjuvant therapy on regulatory T cells and pregnancy outcomes in RM patients.

Methods

Clinical data from 104 individuals with RM admitted to our hospital between March 2022 and February 2023 were allocated at random to either the VD group (VDG) or the control group (CG), with 52 patients in each group. Both groups received standard treatment; the CG was treated with aspirin, while the VDG received additional VD therapy. Outcomes measured included regulatory T cell proportion, metabolic factors, immune inflammatory markers, and pregnancy outcomes.

Results

After treatment, the proportion of regulatory T cells in VDG was considerably higher (p < 0.05). Additionally, triglyceride levels, leptin, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin were lower in the VDG, whereas adiponectin levels were higher (p < 0.05). Levels of progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and 25‐hydroxy VD were also higher in the VDG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, interleukin‐17, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and C‐reactive protein were lower in the VDG (p < 0.05). The pregnancy success rate in the VDG was higher, and the preterm birth rate was lower (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Adjuvant treatment with VD can increase the proportion of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of individuals with recurrent abortion, regulate metabolic disorder, alleviate immune inflammation, and improve pregnancy outcome.
Factors Associated with Mental Health Care among Adolescents in Southern California
Authors: Rivas Gisselle Soto , Canady Margaret , Klemm Gina , Barrington‐Trimis Jessica L. , Harlow Alyssa F.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health care is critical to improving mental health but factors associated with student utilization are poorly understood.

METHODS

Data were from high school students (N = 2933; mean age = 15.7 ± .6) enrolled in a California cohort. We examined associations of sociodemographic factors, substance use, and mental health symptoms at baseline (Fall 2021) with mental health care at follow‐up (Spring 2022).

RESULTS

At follow‐up, 7.7% of students reported out‐of‐school therapy, and 16.0% reported in‐school counseling. Generally, therapy was more common for female and gender minority (vs male), some sexual minority youth (vs heterosexual), black, non‐Hispanic white, and multi‐ethnic (vs Asian), and English language speakers. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with greater use of out‐of‐school therapy, but not in‐school counseling. Students with clinical levels of mental health symptoms, or alcohol or e‐cigarette use had greater odds of mental health care (ORs = 1.42‐2.61;ps <.05), though utilization was less than 20% for out‐of‐school therapy and less than 30% for in‐school counseling among these students.

CONCLUSIONS

Mental health care is underutilized, and disproportionately used by certain student sub‐groups. Findings indicate a need to increase mental health care utilization in‐ and out‐of‐school.
The impact of a 20‐h rotating watch schedule on cognitive and mood states in submarine operations
Authors: Erez David , Lieberman Harris R. , Rafael Nadav , Ketko Itay , Moran Daniel S.
Published: November 2024

This is the first study to provide valuable insights into the effects of the Israeli Navy's 20‐h rotating watch schedule on submariners’ alertness, mood states, risk‐taking behaviours, and sleep. Specifically, we assessed the impact of the non‐circadian‐aligned schedule on cognitive performance, mood, and behavioural outcomes in a highly controlled submarine environment. A total of 20 male submariners participated in an at‐sea mission, where their cognitive performance, mood states, risk‐taking propensity, and caffeine consumption were measured. A psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) assessed alertness, the propensity for risky behaviour (Evaluation of Risks Scale) measured risk‐taking behaviours, and the Profile of Mood States evaluated mood disturbances. Actigraphy was used to monitor sleep times. Data were analysed according to seven watch schedule segments. Submariners slept a mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) of 8.3 (0.2) h/24 h, fragmented into 3.7 (0.8) h epochs. Caffeine consumption decreased at sea (mean [SEM] 149.3 [6.0] mg) compared to land (mean [SEM] 205.5 [7.2] mg; p = 0.027). In the PVT, premature responses significantly increased during Watch VI (5:00–8:00 p.m.) and Watch VII (8:00 p.m.–12:00 a.m.; p = 0.014). In the mood subscales, tension was significantly higher during Watch II (4:00–8:00 a.m.; p = 0.002), indicating greater stress. Risk‐taking propensity significantly increased during afternoon shifts (p = 0.050). The 20‐h watch schedule led to fragmented sleep, reduced alertness in the evening, worsened mood states in the early morning, and increased risk‐taking propensity in the afternoon. These findings suggest the need for the Israeli Navy to establish evidence‐based caffeine guidelines and optimise the watch schedule to improve submariners’ sleep, performance, and overall well‐being.
Evaluation of laboratory findings indicating pancreatitis in healthy lean, obese, and diabetic cats
Authors: Jørgensen Freja K. , Bjornvad Charlotte R. , Krabbe Birgit , Nybroe Stinna , Kieler Ida N.
Published: November 2024

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which commonly coexists with pancreatitis in cats. However, obesity has not previously been associated with pancreatitis in cats.

Objectives

To evaluate factors affecting serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (fTLI), cobalamin and folate in clinically healthy lean, overweight and obese, or diabetic cats.

Animals

Seventy‐nine client‐owned cats (27 healthy lean [LN, BCS 4‐5/9], 30 healthy overweight and obese [OW, BCS 7‐9/9], and 22 diabetic [DM]) were included.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. The cats underwent physical examination, and blood tests. Linear regression models compared differences in fPLI, fTLI, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Fisher's exact test assessed the proportions of cats with fPLI and fTLI indicative of pancreatitis, and hypocobalaminemia. A random forest algorithm identified explanatory variables for cats having fPLI levels indicative of pancreatitis.

Results

No LN cats, while 6/30 (20%) of OW and 10/22 (45%) of DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis. Body condition score (P = .02) and body weight (P = .002) were positively associated with fPLI levels in LN and OW cats. Higher fPLI, and lower cobalamin concentrations were associated with higher age across groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Body condition score and body weight were associated with higher fPLI levels in nondiabetic cats. A larger proportion of OW and DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis compared to LN cats. Whether this indicates subclinical pancreatitis remains to be determined. Hypocobalaminemia was less frequent in OW compared to DM cats.
Secondary contact erodes Pleistocene diversification in a wide‐ranging freshwater mussel (Quadrula)
Authors: Keogh Sean M. , Johnson Nathan A. , Smith Chase H. , Sietman Bernard E. , Garner Jeffrey T. , Randklev Charles R. , Simons Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

The isolated river drainages of eastern North America serve as a natural laboratory to investigate the roles of allopatry and secondary contact in the evolutionary trajectories of recently diverged lineages. Drainage divides facilitate allopatric speciation, but due to their sensitivity to climatic and geomorphological changes, neighboring rivers frequently coalesce, creating recurrent opportunities of isolation and contact throughout the history of aquatic lineages. The freshwater mussel Quadrula quadrula is widely distributed across isolated rivers of eastern North America and possesses high phenotypic and molecular variation across its range. We integrate sequence data from three genomes, including female‐ and male‐inherited mitochondrial markers and thousands of nuclear encoded SNPs with morphology and geography to illuminate the group's divergence history. Across contemporary isolated rivers, we found continuums of molecular and morphological variation, following a pattern of isolation by distance. In contact zones, hybridization was frequent with no apparent fitness consequences, as advanced hybrids were common. Accordingly, we recognize Q. quadrula as a single cohesive species with subspecific variation (Q. quadrula rumphiana). Demographic modeling and divergence dating supported a divergence history characterized by allopatric vicariance followed by secondary contact, likely driven by river rearrangements and Pleistocene glacial cycles. Despite clinal range‐wide variation and hybridization in contact zones, the process‐based species delimitation tool delimitR, which considers demographic scenarios like secondary contact, supported the delimitation of the maximum number of species tested. As such, when interpreting species delimitation results, we suggest careful consideration of spatial sampling and subsequent geographic patterns of biological variation, particularly for wide‐ranging taxa.
Comparative Multi‐Omics Survey Reveals Novel Specialized Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Under GacS Control in Pseudomonas donghuensis Strain SVBP6
Authors: Muzio Federico Matías , Hamilton Corri D. , Stincone Paolo , Agaras Betina , Haney Cara H. , Petras Daniel , Valverde Claudio
Published: November 2024

In Pseudomonas donghuensis SVBP6, isolated from an agricultural field, the well‐conserved Gac‐Rsm pathway upregulates biosynthesis of the antifungal compound 7‐hydroxytropolone (7‐HT). However, 7‐HT does not fully explain the strain's Gac‐Rsm‐dependent antimicrobial activity. Here, we combined comparative transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to identify novel GacS‐dependent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) and/or extracellular specialized metabolites. Our data revealed a broad impact of GacS on gene expression and extracellular metabolite profile of SVBP6. At both the mRNA and polypeptide levels, specialized metabolism was the main affected functional category in the gacS mutant. The major extracellular MS/MS spectral families promoted by GacS were fatty acid amides, fatty acids, and alkaloids. GacS was required for the production of the antimicrobial compound pseudoiodinine and to activate expression of the corresponding BGC. We also detected GacS‐dependent production of 2,3,4‐trihydro‐β‐carboline‐1‐one, which may add to the antimicrobial arsenal of SVBP6. Furthermore, transcriptomics and proteomics pinpointed several GacS‐activated BGCs that had escaped in silico genome mining tools. Altogether, comparative multi‐omics analyses of gacS loss‐of‐function mutants in Pseudomonas isolates are a promising strategy to uncover bioactive metabolites and/or their BGCs. Discovery of novel natural products is important for harnessing the potential of microbiota to improve crop plant growth and health.
Uncompromisingly unique: Tracing the origins of Waikūmete Cemetery in Auckland, New Zealand, 1870–1886
Authors: Hutchinson‐Wong Reuben G. , Boswijk Gretel
Published: November 2024

This article examines the development of the Waikūmete Cemetery, an understudied part of New Zealand's cemetery story. The cemetery's history leading to its opening is the main focus of this article to understand its role in the cultural and historical development of Auckland, New Zealand. The 1870s saw indecision by the Auckland City Council in choosing a new cemetery site for the city. The contemporary tensions and eventual decision, influenced by legislation, about the cemetery's siting will be discussed. Waikūmete Cemetery's unique context provides an opportunity to consider its history and role in the rise of second‐generation New Zealand cemeteries.
Factors Influencing Postoperative Inpatient Rehabilitation Requirement After Surgical Intervention for Isolated Hip Fracture: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lynch Daniel J. , Romero Andrew , McFadden James P. , Zeblisky Peter , Liu Huazhi , Ang Darwin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Hip fractures in the elderly, especially those discharged to a rehab facility, have historically been associated with poor outcomes. There has yet to be identified which patients have a higher likelihood of a rehab discharge after isolated hip fracture fixation. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predispose patients to require short or long‐term rehab after surgical intervention of traumatic, isolated hip fractures.

Methods

Patients undergoing operative management of hip fractures (n = 71,849) from 2017 to 2019 at institutions that submitted data to a nationwide database were analyzed retrospectively. Various factors were compared between patients discharged to inpatient rehab (n = 56,178) versus home (n = 15,671).

Results

The rehab discharge group was significantly older and predominantly female. This cohort had a longer average hospital stay, higher incidence of diabetes, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, history of cerebrovascular accident, functionally dependent health status, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, baseline anticoagulation therapy, and history of myocardial infarction. DVT during hospitalization was encountered more often in patients discharged to rehab. Patients with femoral neck fractures and those undergoing total hip arthroplasty were more often discharged home. Patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures and those undergoing fracture fixation were more often discharged to rehab.

Conclusions

Multiple risk factors associated with a significantly higher likelihood of a rehab discharge after isolated hip fracture surgery were identified. Early identification of these patients may provide an opportunity to optimize patients for home discharge and better outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level III, Case‐Control Study.
UK medical cannabis registry: A clinical outcome analysis of medical cannabis therapy in chronic pain patients with and without co‐morbid sleep impairment
Authors: Datta Ishita , Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Guru Rahul , Holden Wendy , Darweish Medniuk Alia , Sajad Mohammed , Searle Robert , Usmani Azfer , Varma Sanjay , Rucker James J. , Platt Michael , Sodergren Mikael H.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Chronic pain (CP) affects 35.0%–51.3% of the UK population, with 67%–88% reporting sleep disturbances. Cannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs) have shown therapeutic potential in managing CP. Evidence suggests poor sleep worsens pain perception; therefore, this study aimed to assess patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) following CBMP treatment in CP patients with and without co‐morbid sleep impairment.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of CP patients from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was conducted. Participants were separated by baseline single‐item sleep quality scale (SQS) score into sleep impaired (SQS ≤3) and unimpaired (SQS ≥4) cohorts. The primary outcome assessed changes in PROMs from baseline to 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months. Participants completed the following: SQS, General Anxiety Disorder‐7, EQ‐5D‐5L, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire‐2. Significance was defined as p < 0.050.

Results

1139 participants met the inclusion criteria (sleep impaired: n = 517, 45.4%; sleep unimpaired: n = 622, 54.61%). The sleep impaired cohort showed improvements in all PROMs at each follow‐up (p < 0.010). The sleep unimpaired cohort showed similar results (p < 0.050), except in SQS and ED‐5Q‐5L: self‐care and anxiety/depression scores (p > 0.050). However, the sleep impaired cohort observed greater improvements in BPI pain severity (p < 0.050) and SQS (p < 0.001) than the sleep unimpaired cohort at all follow‐ups. 2817 adverse events were self‐reported between both cohorts (p = 0.197).

Discussion

These findings align with literature that shows associated improvements in pain outcomes following CBMP administration. Sleep impaired individuals were more likely to experience greater pain severity improvements. However, this was not confirmed on multivariate logistic regression analysis and instead may be confounded by baseline pain severity.

Conclusion

Whilst these results show promise for the effects of CBMPs on CP, they must be examined within the limitations of the study design. These findings provide further evidence to support the design of subsequent randomized controlled trials to verify causality between CBMPs and pain outcomes.
Ectopic expression of the grape hexose transporter VvHT5 restores STP13‐deficiency in Arabidopsis and promotes fungal resistance to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Monnereau Benoit , Gaillard Cécile , Maslard Corentin , Noceto Pierre‐Antoine , Lebeurre Vincent , Cantereau Anne , Coutos‐Thévenot Pierre , La Camera Sylvain
Published: November 2024

Sugar transporters play a crucial role in plant responses to environmental factors. During plant–pathogen interactions, it is well established that sugar transporters and cell wall invertases are essential for regulating sugar availability at the plant–pathogen interface, impacting both plant resistance and pathogen proliferation. Despite these insights, their role in grapevine defence against pathogens remains underexplored. We examined the expression of sugar transporter and invertase genes in grape leaves infected with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Our results highlighted significant coordinated upregulation of VvHT5, VvcwINV and defence genes, suggesting a role in enhancing sink strength in infected leaves and implementing host defences. Heterologous expression of GFP‐fused proteins confirmed VvHT5 as a plasma membrane‐localized hexose symporter and phylogenetic analysis indicated its close relation with STP13‐like proteins, which are known to be implicated in host resistance across several plant–pathogen interactions. VvHT5 was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in high constitutive expression of the VvHT5 protein and increased glucose uptake activity. Phenotypic analysis revealed that VvHT5 enhanced basal resistance to B. cinerea and rescued the wild‐type phenotype in STP13‐deficient plants, indicating that VvHT5 is the grapevine orthologue of AtSTP13. Our findings suggest that VvHT5 may facilitate the reabsorption of extracellular monosaccharides, released from VvcwINV activity or damaged tissues during infection. This activity allows host cells to compete with necrotrophic pathogens for extracellular hexoses, thereby restricting sugar availability to the fungus. It would also support host metabolic demands for defence or serve as a signalling mechanism to orchestrate intracellular processes.
Expression of STAT‐ and T‐cell‐related genes in women with first‐line treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Szewczak Ludmiła , Machcińska Maja , Kierasińska Magdalena , Zawadzka‐Więch Urszula , Maruszewska‐Cheruiyot Marta , Majewski Paweł , Karlińska Anna , Rola Rafał , Donskow‐Łysoniewska Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with changes in Jak/STAT pathways in immune cells, but the influence of disease‐modifying drugs on these pathways is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of first‐line disease‐modifying drugs used in treatment of RRMS on expression of the STAT pathway and T‐cell‐related genes in the blood and on serum concentrations of sgp130 and TGF‐β1 in women, as well as on the level of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in T cells of untreated patients and heathy controls. Expression of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, SOCS1, SOCS3, FOXP3, IKZF2, RORC and ICOS genes in the blood of untreated RRMS patients, in the blood of patients treated with interferon‐β, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide and in the blood of healthy controls was evaluated using droplet digital PCR. Serum concentrations of sgp130 and TGF‐β1 were evaluated by ELISA. Phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 protein levels in T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. STAT3 gene expression was significantly higher in untreated patients than in healthy control, but the level of phosphorylated STAT3 in T cells was significantly lower. Patients treated with interferon‐β or dimethyl fumarate had significantly lower STAT3 gene expression. Patients treated with teriflunomide had higher STAT1 gene expression, than untreated patients. Patients treated with dimethyl fumarate also had significantly lower RORC gene expression than untreated patients. The study shows the impact of drugs used in first‐line treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis on expression of STAT and T‐cell‐related genes.
Effects of teachers' aides on students with special needs
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Beuchert Louise , Nielsen Helena Skyt
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of increasing educational support in regular classes on students with special education needs (SEN). We exploit previous randomized controlled trials that added teachers' aides to Danish grade 6 classes combined with rich register data informative about SEN and school assignment. There were three types of teachers' aides: a co‐teacher with a teaching degree, a teaching assistant without a teaching degree, and a coach. We find that the treatments increased inclusion of SEN students in regular classes, by 7–8 percentage points, and that SEN students gained academically. Long‐term follow‐up data indicate that while the academic gains evaporated over time, the treated students were able to stay in regular classes throughout compulsory education and largely followed the same progression as their counterparts in the control group when they moved to upper secondary education. Finally, we show that the costs of the teachers' aides are outweighed by the saved costs of special education.
Research on the Reform of Vocational Education Talent Cultivation Models Based on the OBE Education Philosophy
Authors: Wang Tong
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the reform of vocational education talent cultivation models based on the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) philosophy. By analyzing the origins, development, and core characteristics of the OBE philosophy, the study reveals the deficiencies in the existing vocational education talent cultivation models. Furthermore, it proposes reform strategies based on the OBE philosophy, including repositioning educational goals, reconstructing the curriculum system, innovating teaching methods, reforming the evaluation system, and strengthening the construction of the teaching faculty. The objective is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the continuous improvement of China’s vocational education talent cultivation models.
Investigation of the Flame Stability and Laminar Burning Speed of Propylene/Air/Carbon Dioxide Mixtures Under Conditions of Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Metghalchi Hameed
Published: November 2024

Propylene is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H6. It is considered a natural refrigerant and has gained attention in recent years due to its low environmental impact. However, it is highly flammable. To reduce its flammability, it is proposed to mix propylene with carbon dioxide. In this study, the laminar burning speed of mixtures of propylene, carbon dioxide, and air has been measured at high temperatures and pressures. Pictures of flame propagation are captured by a Z-shaped Schlieren system with a high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. These pictures have been used to determine if the flame is smooth or it is cellular and unstable. The measurement was performed in a constant volume cylindrical chamber. Laminar burning speed was obtained only for those flames that were smooth and spherical. Also, burning speed was only measured for flame radii larger than 4 cm. The burning speed was calculated by a thermodynamic model with the pressure rise data as an input. Propylene/air/carbon dioxide mixtures were burned at different initial temperatures, pressures, and fuel/air equivalence ratios (ϕ) and diluted with concentrations of carbon dioxide (D). The experimental measured values of the burning speed were fitted to power-law correlation. The laminar burning speed was calculated at the temperature range of 298 K–500 K, pressure range of 0.5 atm–4.2 atm, equivalence ratio range of 0.8–1.2, and concentrations of CO2 range of 0–60% in the unburned mixture. These data have increased the range of data from the previously reported values drastically.
Octane Response of Gasoline Fuels to Different Antiknock Oxygenates Addition
Authors: Lyu Delin , Cui Xuanjie , Huang Zhen , Han Dong
Published: November 2024

A series of renewable and clean oxygenated compounds possessing high octane numbers, including alcohols, ethers, esters, and furans, were used as octane boosters for gasoline fuels, and the octane responses of the gasoline fuels to these oxygenates addition were evaluated. Gasoline model fuels of different typical hydrocarbon compounds, including iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene, and cyclohexane, were designed to have the identical octane rating. The research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) of the gasoline model fuels with antiknock oxygenates addition were experimentally measured on a standard cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. The results highlight the varied impact of antiknock oxygenates on the octane enhancement of gasoline fuels, with 2-methylfuran exhibiting the most pronounced RON boost effect and ethanol demonstrating the strongest MON enhancement effects, and isopropyl ether and dimethyl carbonate show the weakest RON and MON boost effects, respectively. The antiknock enhancement effects of the oxygenated additives are dependent on gasoline fuel compositions. With the antiknock oxygenates addition, primary reference fuel (PRF) model fuel shows more significant octane enhancements, and the octane boosting effects are reduced for the gasoline model fuels containing toluene or diisobutylene, indicating an antagonistic interaction between the oxygenates and toluene/diisobutylene. By comparing the octane enhancement effects of the tested antiknock additives, it is evident that 2-methylfuran and ethanol are the more superior antiknock candidates for gasoline fuels.
Physics-Informed Bayesian Neural Networks for Solving Phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation in Forward and Inverse Problems With Sparse and Noisy Data
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Zhou Jiahang , Wang Jian-Xun , Luo Tengfei
Published: November 2024

Nondiffusive phonon transport presents significant challenges in micro/nanoscale thermal characterization, compounded by the limitations of experimental-numerical techniques and the presence of measurement noise. Additionally, inverse modeling and uncertainty quantification (UQ) for submicron thermal transport remain under-explored. In this study, we introduce a physics-informed Bayesian deep learning framework designed to address phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE)-based forward and inverse problems leveraging limited and noisy data. Our approach combines Bayesian neural networks with a nonparametric variational inference method, formulating the BTE-constrained training in a Bayesian manner. This enables the estimation of the posterior distribution of neural network parameters and unknown equation parameters based on a likelihood function that incorporates uncertainties from both the measurement data and the BTE model. Through numerical experiments on various phonon transport scenarios, we demonstrate that our method can accurately reconstruct temperature and heat flux profiles, infer critical quantities of interest (e.g., Knudsen number), and provide robust uncertainty quantification, even when data is sparse and noisy. This framework enhances our capability to conduct nondiffusive thermal simulations and inverse modeling with quantified uncertainty, offering a powerful tool for advancing thermal transport research and optimization in micro/nanoscale devices.
Engineering of ZrO2-based RRAM devices for low power in-memory computing
Authors: Zeinati Aseel , Misra Durga , Triyoso Dina H. , Tapily Kandabara , Clark Robert D. , Lombardo Sarah , Wajda Cory S. , Leusink Gert J.
Published: November 2024

This work evaluates the impact of applying hydrogen plasma (H-plasma) either after the deposition of the ZrO2 layer or as an intermediate step during the deposition on the performance of resistive random-access memory devices. Devices treated with H-plasma exhibited lower power consumption during the forming process and a higher Ron/Roff ratio over 50 cycles of SET and RESET pulses compared to untreated devices. The position of the plasma treatment significantly influenced the device's performance. We measured the leakage current, which correlates well with the forming process. Devices with higher leakage current required less power during the forming process. It was observed that a thicker capping layer following plasma insertion reduced forming power and improved the conductance quantization for multilevel cell characteristics.
Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality Among Stroke Survivors: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ju Min , Li Yangzheng , Pei Junjie , Xing Jiayi , Wu Lingyi , Liu He , Liao Zhiping , Zhuang YiYu
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability globally. But little is known about the optimal level of physical activity for stroke survivors. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the dose–response relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and all-cause mortality in stroke survivors. Methods: One-thousand six hundred and sixty-four stroke survivors form from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were classified into 6 groups: 0, 1 to 149, 150 to 299, 300 to 599, 600 to 899, and ≥900 minutes per week (based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). Cox proportional hazards regression models with different adjustments of covariates were used to investigate the association between LTPA and all-cause mortality. Results: Except for stroke survivors with LTPA levels ranging from 600 to 899 minutes per week (P = .055), there was a significant difference in survival rates among stroke survivors with different levels of LTPA compared with those without LTPA. Stroke survivors engaging in LTPA levels exceeding 900 minutes per week exhibited the greatest benefit compared with stroke survivors who did not engage in LTPA (hazard ratio = 0.225; 95% confidence interval, 0.122–0.414). Conclusions: Our research findings add to the expanding evidence base that highlights the favorable connection between LTPA and decreased risk of all-cause mortality among individuals who have survived a stroke. Our study emphasizes the significance of incorporating physical activity interventions into the poststroke care regimen and underscores the potential advantages of personalized activity guidance.