bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRITAS HAMBA TUHAN MENURUT 1 TIMOTIUS 4:11-16
Authors: Riruma Josina Mariana
Published: February 2022

Integritas yaitu suatu keadaan dimana seorang hamba Tuhan dapat dipercaya karena antara perkataan yang dikeluarkan dan tindakan memiliki kesamaan. Integritas seorang hamba Tuhan harus terlihat nyata dalam kehidupan pelayanannya dan kehidupan pribadi karena keduanya itu akan memberikan dampak pada kekelalan yaitu keselamatan kekal. Sebagai seorang gembala yang masih sangat muda, rasul Paulus memberikan beberapa nasehat agar dapat menjadi hamba Tuhan yang memiliki integritas. Untuk menjadi hamba Tuhan yang berintegritas maka ada beberapa nasehat yang harus dilakukan berkenaan dengan kehidupan umum  dan kehidupan pribadi. Tiga hal yang  utama yang harus dilakukan oleh Timotius berkenaan dengan kehidupan umum yaitu memberikan pengajaran yang sehat, memelihara rasa hormat dan memiliki keseimbangan dalam pelayanan. Jemaat akan tetap memilki rasa hormat  apabila  Timotius senantiasa menjadi teladan kepada jemaat dalam perkataan, tingkah laku, kasih, iman dan kemurnian atau kesucian hidup. Selanjutnya yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan dalam pelayanan yaitu Timotius tetap tekun dalam membaca Firman Tuhan, pemberian nasehat dan pengajaran Firman Tuhan. Dalam kaitannya dengan pribadinya, Timotius harus menggunakan karunia yang sudah diberikan Tuhan kepadanya. Selain itu, memiliki komitmen untuk taat melakukan segala sesuatu yang udah diajarkan oleh rasul Paulus. Akibat dari melakukan hal-hal tersebut yaitu, Timotius akan menyelamatkan dirinya sendiri dan setiap jemaat yang dilayani.
KUALIFIKASI PEMIMPIN MENURUT RASUL PAULUS (STUDI EKSEGETIS SURAT TITUS 1:5-9)
Authors: Marlin Jeny
Published: February 2022

Dari hasil analisa eksegetis Titus 1:5-9, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa: Titus bukan orang Yahudi, namun menjadi satu tim dalam pelayanan Rasul Paulus, dan ditugaskan di Pulau Kreta untuk memelihara jemaat di sana. Rasul Paulus dalam suratnya kepada Titus, bermaksud mendorong dan menghimbau Titus, tentang betapa pentingnya mengatur kembali agar lebih baik lagi apa yang masih perlu/kurang/seharusnya diatur, yaitu menetapkan para pemimpin rohani yaitu para penatua yang ditempatkan atau ditugaskan sebagai ketua gereja atau pemimpin bagi jemaat. yang terdapat di tiap-tiap kota. 1) Pemimpin yang sedang dan terus-menerus tidak tercela” di antara para jemaat dan suami dari seorang/satu istri saja; 2) Pemimpin yang mempunyai anak-anak yang beriman, yang memiliki pola hidup anak-anak seorang pemimpin rohani, tidak hidup dalam tuduhan/tidak hidup dalam kekacauan/hidup tidak liar, tidak punya malu, bukan tidak bermoral, atau anak-anak yang bukan tak mau patuh, tidak durhaka dan bukan pemberontak. Sebaliknya anak-anak seorang pemimpin rohani adalah anak-anak yang hidup tertib, tahu malu, bermoral, patuh, menjaga nama baik keluarga dan menghormati orang tua; 3) Seorang pemimpin rohani adalah pengawas jemaat yang sedang dan terus-menerus hidup suci dan tidak bercela, tetapi dia juga menjadi sedang dan terus-menerus menjadi (must be above reproach as God's steward), artinya “harus sempurna seperti pelayan Tuhan” atau is entrusted with God's work artinya “dipercayakan pekerjaan Tuhan; 4) Seorang pemimpin rohani adalah “bukan seorang yang memuaskan diri sendiri, bukan seorang yang keras kepala dan bukan seorang yang angkuh.” Hal ini identik terlihat jelas dengan karakter atau temperamen seseorang dalam memimpin demi kepentingan orang banyak, yang bersedia menerima kritik atau teguran dan yang rendah hati atau tidak sombong; 5) Pemimpin rohani adalah bukan seorang pemimpin yang dikuasai kemarahan/pemarah, berdarah panas dan cepat marah, tetapi pemimpin yang mampu menundukkan kemarahan, panjang sabar, dan lemah-lembut; 6) Seorang pemimpin rohani hidupnya tidak mengkomsumsi minuman keras seperti anggur yang membuat dia mabuk, karena akan kecanduan, sehingga hidupnya dikuasai oleh kemabukan. Tetapi sebaliknya seorang pemimpin rohani memiliki hidup yang senantiasa menjaga tubuhnya dalam  kesucian dan kekudusan; 7) Seorang pemimpin rohani adalah seorang yang tidak suka berkelahi, tidak pemarah dan seorang yang tidak kejam, melainkan seorang yang suka damai, pembawa damai, lemah-lembut atau baik; 8) Seorang pemimpin rohani adalah seorang yang jujur atau tidak tamak akan uang dan tidak berlaku curang atau serakah; 9) Pemimpin rohani ialah seorang yang ramah, penuh kasih dan kebaikan dan yang mencintai kebaikan serta suka akan hal-hal yang baik dalam masa kepemimpinannya; dan10) Seorang pemimpin rohani ialah seorang yang bijaksana, tertata, masuk akal, seorang yang taat terhadap hukum, tegak lurus, benar, adil dan seorang yang tulus, memuaskan ke Tuhan, taat, bermoral dan yang kudus.
PENATALAYANAN GEREJA DI BIDANG MISI SEBAGAI KONTRIBUSI BAGI PELAKSANAAN MISI GEREJA
Authors: Amiman Ramona Vera
Published: February 2022

Di dalam seluruh isi Alkitab disaksikan bahwa Allah mengutus banyak orang “menjalankan misi dari Allah”. Misi itu muncul dari hati Allah sendiri, lalu dikomunikasikan kepada hati umat-Nya, dan karena Allah ingin menjangkau umat manusia secara global, maka Allah memanggil dan mengutus gereja-Nya untuk melaksanakan misi-Nya. Pelaksanaan misi Allah itu bukan hanya berupa misi penginjilan secara lintas budaya saja, tetapi segala sesuatu yang menjadi jatidiri, baik yang dikatakan maupun yang dilakukan seorang Kristen dan sebuah Jemaat Kristen, semestinya bersifat missioner. Karena misi gereja itu mengalir dari misi Allah, dan misi Allah ada demi seluruh dunia milik-Nya, maka gereja harus mulai dengan melihat bahwa dirinya berada dalam aliran besar misi Allah, gereja mesti memastikan bahwa sasaran-sasaran missionernya, baik yang jangka panjang maupun pendek, bersesuaian dengan sasaran Allah. Itulah sebabnya sangatlah penting bagi gereja untuk melaksanakan misi, karena apabila gereja tidak melakukan misi maka gereja akan sulit bertumbuh dan berkembang, yang pada akhirnya gereja mengalami kemunduran. Tujuan gereja adalah melakukan misi Allah, menghadirkan damai sejahtera Allah di tengah-tengah dunia. Misi tersebut terkandung dalam tri tugas panggilan gereja, yakni: bersekutu (koinonia), bersaksi (marturia), dan melayani (diakonia). Agar gereja dapat melakukan pelayanan misi di tengah-tengah dunia ini, maka gereja harus melakukan penatalayanan bagi pelayanan gereja itu sendiri, karena penatalayanan merupakan tanggung jawab gereja.  Karena penatalayanan berhubungan dengan tugas dan tanggung jawab, maka dalam melakukan penatalayanannya, gereja melaksanakan pekerjaan Allah yang telah dimandatkan kepadanya dan sepenuhnya melayani atas nama Allah serta bertanggung jawab kepada Allah atas pelaksanaan semua pekerjaan yang ditanggung atasnya. Tanggung jawab dalam melakukan penatalayanan ini merupakan bagian penting dalam gereja. Penatalayanan juga adalah pokok yang penting dalam pelayanan gereja, karena penatalayanan berkenaan dengan pengelolaan semua sumber daya yang telah dipercayakan Allah kepada  gereja. Segala sesuatu adalah milik-Nya, tetapi Dia telah menunjuk gereja sebagai penjaga milik-Nya, Maka gereja bebas mengatur semua sumber daya itu, tetapi pada akhirnya nanti harus dipertanggungjawabkan kepada-Nya sesuai dengan garis-garis pedoman yang terdapat dalam Alkitab.
MODEL MISI PERKOTAAN RASUL PAULUS DI KORINTUS
Authors: Situmorang Jonar
Published: February 2022

Model Misi Perkotaan yang dilakukan oleh rasul Paulus di Korintus menjadi suatu bentuk pelayanan misi, yang kontekstual. Adapun bentuk model misi perkotaan yang dilakukan Paulus adalah “menjadi seperti”. Dengan menjadi seperti, memudahkan dalam pendekatan untuk menyampaikan kabar baik. Tetapi patut diperhatikan dan digaris-bawahi, bahwa dalam model pendekatan ini jangan sampai kebablasan, yaitu kehilangan kontrol diri. Ada rambu-rambu yang harus diperhatian, di mana firman Allah adalah sebagai tolok ukur. Dan tujuan dari pelaksanaan model misi ini adalah memenangkan sebanyak mungkin jiwa-jiwa bagi kemuliaan nama Tuhan. Untuk terwujudnya akan hal ini, maka makna dari “menjadi seperti” dapat pula berarti bahwa umat Krisrtus dapat menjadi teladan, sebagai kesaksian yang hidup bagi orang lain.  Pelayanan misi perkotaan harus menjadi perhatian gereja. Karena di perkotaan itu terdapat multikompleks permasalahan. Yang paling menyolok adalah adanya kesenjangan sosial, yang membuat orang lain enggan dekat dengan gereja. Belum lagi keegosian, yang mementingkan kepentingan pribadi, membuat ketidak-pedulian dengan sesama. Tetapi dengan konsep yang dilakukan Paulus, yaitu “menjadi seperti”, dapat menciptakan keterbukaan dengan orang lain. Di sinilah kesempatan untuk dapat menjadi saksi. Yang tidak kalah penting dalam pendekatan secara kontekstualisasi ini adalah bahwa firman Allah menjadi barometernya. Jangan sampai firman Allah yang menyesuaikan diri dengan budaya. Dengan menjadi seperti, bisa saling memahami, dan berempati, yang tentunya dilandasi dalam kasih Kristus, sehingga bisa menjadi berkat bagi orang lain.
Model Business For Kingdom Berdasarkan Kisah Para Rasul 18:1-4 Dalam Mengembangkan Sinode Gereja Kristen Parousia
Authors: Hendra Rey  , Gunaryo Sudarmanto
Published: February 2022

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami secara obyektif mengenai hamba-hamba Tuhan yang mengabdi  dan melayani Tuhan melalui pelayanan gerejawi, namun juga melakukan bisnis berdasarkan Kisah 18: 1-4 di Sinode Gereja Kristen Parousia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif naturalistik dengan menggunakan studi pustaka-eksplanatori.

         Dari penelitian literatur tentang Business for Kingdom Model, peneliti membaca dan menginterpretasikan buku tekstual tentang topik ini untuk mendapatkan makna dari teks Kisah Para Rasul 18:1-4. Dan analisis data penelitian lapangan Model "Business for Kingdom" di Sinode Gereja Kristen Parousia dengan menggunakan paradigma kualitatif naturalistik, ditemukan bahwa semua informan memiliki komitmen yang kuat untuk mengabdi kepada Tuhan dan menjalankan bisnis untuk menunjang kebutuhan finansial dan memberdayakan dan melestarikan jemaat yang dilayani tetapi kurang memahami tentang manajemen bisnis sambil tetap mengabdi kepada Tuhan. Namun, ada juga kendala dan hal negatif yang muncul seperti; tidak memiliki pengalaman bisnis, kesulitan membagi waktu, fokus pada prioritas pelayanan yang berubah dan sebagainya.

       Peneliti menyarankan kepada Sinode Gereja Kristen Parousia untuk memberikan pendidikan, pelatihan dan pendampingan yang memadai bagi para hamba Tuhan yang akan dikirim ke lokasi-lokasi perintis agar dapat menjalankan usaha kecil dengan baik dan sukses sebagai strategi penanaman dan pengembangan gereja. Hal ini penting untuk visitasi, komunikasi dan pendampingan agar terlaksana dengan baik dan memberikan bantuan pelayanan agar hamba-hamba Tuhan tidak bergumul sendiri.
Factors Determining Postoperative Ileus After Surgery for Colon Cancer: Comparison of Right- and Left-Sided Resections
Authors:   Surgery Department, Vsetin Hospital, Vsetin, Czech Republic, Adamova Zuzana , Filova Michaela ,   Surgery Department, Vsetin Hospital, Vsetin, Czech Republic, Slovacek Radim ,   Surgery Department, Vsetin Hospital, Vsetin, Czech Republic
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The passage of flatus and stool, as well as tolerating a solid diet, represents a crucial moment in recovery after colonic resections. The present study compares functional recovery after left and right colectomies for colon cancer. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis. Consecutive patients with elective left and right colon resections were examined. Primary analysis compared time to first bowel motion and development of postoperative ileus. Secondary analyses tried to define risk factors for prolonged restoration of bowel function in right- and left-sided resection groups. Results: In total, 147 patients were included. While laparoscopic approach was preferred for both sides (87% vs. 87%; p=0.496), left colectomies took longer (183 vs. 153 min; p=0.012), the lymph node harvest was smaller (16 vs. 20; p=0.005), and there was an increased need for perioperative fluids (4451 vs. 4039ml; p=0.006). Epidural use, postoperative potassium level, and glycemia were similar. Also, no significant differences were observed for complications and length of stay. First flatus was observed at postoperative day 1, 9 (left), and 2.5 (right), respectively (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in passage of first stool and intake of first solid food. Twenty-seven patients (35%) needed a postoperative nasogastric tube after right colectomy compared to 11 patients (16%) after left colectomy (p=0.012). Right-sided colectomies required the tube for longer (6.1 vs. 3.4; p=0.005). Conclusions: Postoperative ileus was more frequent after right-sided colectomies despite shorter operative time. The reason for this finding is currently unknown and deserves further attention. For the time being, we can just be more cautious with early feeding after right colectomy.
Interactional Justice and Deviant Workplace Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in Hotel Industry of KP-Pakistan
Authors: Dar Nasib , Rahman Wali
Published: February 2022

In the field of organizational behaviour, interactional justice and perceived supervisor support have a critical role in directing employees’ behaviour in either positive or negative direction. Keeping this in mind, this paper looks at the effect of interactional injustice on employees’ deviant behaviour with perceived supervisor support as a mediator. To link the study variables, equity and social exchange theories were used. The extensive literature on destructive deviance has been reviewed. To empirically test the relationship, a two-phase sampling technique (first clustering and then purposive) was applied through which 160 responses from the Hotel and Tourism industry of KP province were collected. A single structured adapted questionnaire was employed. The findings of the study reveal the presence of a negative relationship between interactional justice and deviant workplace behaviour. Further, the results demonstrated that perceived supervisor support mediates this relationship. All the results of the study are statistically significant. The study has theoretical as well as practical implications. Theoretically, the results of the study would help the organizational behaviour scholars to understand the issue in a different organizational environment. Practically, the findings will assist managers to understand the critical role of the supervisor which is instrumental in enhancing the morale of employees at the workplace. This will help them understand how supervisor support can affect the frequency and intensity of deviant workplace behaviour. The study has some limitations like sampling, subjective opinion of the participants, and limited numbers of the variables. In future, this research can be replicated in other sectors like education, health, banking, and other industries.
An Analysis the Vocational High School Students’ Problem in Answering TOEIC Reading and Listening Test
Authors: Dari April Liya Wulan , Zasrianita Fera
Published: February 2022

Test of English for International Communication TOEIC is a test of English communication skills developed by The Educational Testing Service (ETS). Currently, the Ministry of Education and Culture, through the Directorate of Vocational High Schools (DSMK), has opened opportunities for SMK throughout Indonesia to obtain international certification assistance through the SMK English Challenge 2020 program or facilitation of English language proficiency certification exams with TOEIC. This study investigates the problems of SMKN 3 Seluma students in answering the TOEIC reading and listening test. The Aims of this study was to investigate out and provide solutions related to students’ problem in answering TOEIC reading and listening test. To analyze these problems, this study used descriptive qualitative approach and interview as a data collecting technique. The results of this study indicate that there were two factors that become students’ problem in answering TOEIC reading and listening test, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors occur in students themselves where students did not understand the questions, vocabulary, or material being tested. While external factors occur beyond the ability of students, such as the facilities needed by students to take the test are still minimal. A good solution to overcome this problem is to prepare everything needed to take the TOEIC test in the form of learning resources, teaching staff, learning facilities and the most important is the mentality of the students who will take the test.
The Use of Brainstorming Strategy to Improve Students’ Speaking Ability
Authors: Octarina Hapri , Rizal Syamsul , Zasrianita Fera
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study to investigate whether brainstorming strategy can improve the students’ speaking ability. The subject of research was XI IPA 2 in Academic year 2020/2021. The design of this research is classroom action research (CAR). The researcher evaluates the students’ speaking in five forms those are, Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. Before doing cycle 1 the researcher gave speaking test of pre-cycle, based on the result the test in pre-cycle; the researcher gave treatments of action 1 and action 2 they are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting to see improvement of students’ speaking ability after the treatments were given. The brainstorming strategy can improve the students’ speaking ability in two cycle. Then the researcher find out there is a significance difference between the mean score of students’ speaking ability in cycle 1 (62,24) and the mean score of students’ speaking ability in cycle 2 (75,68). There is impact of cycle 2 and the result can achieve the criteria of success. By comparing the means, the researcher concluded that improvement students’ speaking ability through brainstorming strategy is an effective to develop students’ speaking skill. Therefore, English teacher are encourage to teach speaking through brainstorming strategy.
The Application of A Contextual Approach in Indonesian Learning About Writing Exposition Text
Authors: Oktaviany Cherien Ayu , Andra Vebbi , Satrisno Hengki
Published: February 2022

Indonesian language learning can not be separated from the methods of approach in the delivery of materials in this case one of the approaches used is contextual approach. The implementation of this approach must have inhibitory factors and supporting factors. The purpose of this research was to find out how the implementation of the application, inhibitory factors and supporting factors contextual approach in learning Indonesian text material exposition students Class X IPA 3 SMA 1 Negeri Kinali. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection by conducting observations of teachers, students and classes, interviews and documentation. The subjects of this study were Indonesian language teachers and X IPA 3 grade students. Data validity technique is triangulation of sources by means of data suppression obtained. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers to teachers and students of Grade X IPA 3 SMA 1 Negeri Kinali. That the implementation of contextual approach is implemented ideally this has been proven by the existence of research interviews to teachers, students and monitoring carried out when the teaching and learning process takes place and the supporting factors are enthusiastic learners in following the learning, as well as adequate facilities and pre-facilities and inhibitory factors are lack of time and lack of materials delivered.
Students' Understanding of the Use Of Foreign Terms Contained in the Sports Column of Rakyat Bengkulu Online Newspaper
Authors: Genni Genni , Bustomi Bustomi , Randi Randi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the ability of Indonesian Language Study Program students at IAIN Bengkulu in understanding foreign terms contained in the sports column of the Rakyat bengkulu online newspaper. Data research methods in quantitative methods are used to describe the data. The results of the research on the use of foreign terms are equally developed due to the influence of globalization and the interaction between one language and another. The difference between loanwords and foreign terms is that loanwords are adapted to Indonesian language rules so that they undergo spelling adjustments according to good and correct Indonesian spelling guidelines, while foreign terms come from books in foreign languages ​​whose use is international and customary by experts in their fields and entered into Indonesian based on: (a) more subtle connotations; (b) short words from the translation; and (c) are international rather than equivalent. It is concluded that the data on the ability to understand foreign terms as language variations in the Rakyat bengkulu online sports column. Based on the calculation, the average value of students' ability to understand foreign terms in the sports column of the Rakyat bengkulu online newspaper is 13.37. Then the percentage obtained is 66.85%. When consulted with a scale of five is quite sufficient. From the discussion above, it can be seen that the average ability of students to understand foreign terms as language variations in the sports column of the Rakyat bengkulu online newspaper is quite adequate with an average value of 13.37. The researcher suggests Indonesian students to understand foreign terms as language variations in the sports column of the Rakyat bengkulu online newspaper. Which has been made with the implementation of learning so that learning takes place in a structured manner.
Exploring the World of Late Talkers: Unraveling Language Learning Behaviors
Authors: Barrera Sheilby Jill C , Balones Jerlyn
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to determine the learning behaviors of the children with late language emergence. This study specifically sought to determine the parents’ experience when facilitating their language learning intervention to their children. Thus, it aims to identify the struggles and rewarding instances of the participants as they teach their child to grow with language. The researcher used a qualitative approach to uncover the trends in thoughts and opinions and to dive deeper into the problem. The participants were chosen personally by the researcher and all of them is encountering the same problem being their child is a late talker. The findings of this study showed that the participants observed that their children has a common behavioral patterns and behavioral learnings. This shows that late talkers has the same manner of keeping up with the pace and has and identical way of learning when it comes to language acquisition. This paper evaluated the struggles, experiences, and rewarding instances of parents when facilitating the learning of their late talker children.
Rasgos de sinodalidad en el libro de los Hechos de los Apóstoles
Authors: Hernández Carracedo José Manuel
Published: February 2022

El Papa Francisco ha convocado un sínodo que ocupará y preocupará a la iglesia a lo largo de los próximos años. En este artículo quiero hacer una pequeña aportación desde la teología bíblica a este tema. Aunque la palabra «sínodo» no aparece en el Nuevo Testamento, sí podemos identificar la realidad de un estilo sinodal, de procesos sinodales y de acontecimientos sinodales, que pueden y deben iluminarnos en estos años de encuentros, discernimientos y celebraciones sinodales.
Growth, Yield and Bulb Quality as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Intra-row Spacing of Two Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars
Authors: Hersi Abdel Karim M. , Ali Abdalla Mohamed
Published: February 2022

In response to the rising demand and escalating prices due to several internal demographic reasons in the last few years, interest in increasing productivity and bulb quality has been a major concern. The objective of this research was,therefore, to improve yield and quality of onion through determining more relevant and contemporary nitrogen and population density that cope with the changing production environment in Sudan. So an experiment to study the effect of threenitrogen fertilization levels (0, 120 and 240 kg N/ha.) and three population densities (intra-row spacing of 5, 10 and 15 Cm) on growth, yield and quality of two widely consumed cultivars [Kamlin and Texas Early Grano(TEG)] was carried out for twoseasons. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications; cultivars were randomized in the main plots, intra-row spacing in the sub-plots and nitrogen fertilization in the sub-sub plots. Results indicated that nitrogen applicationat the rate of 120 kg N/ha significantly increased vegetative growth, bulb size, total and marketable yields. Moreover, bolting percentage (a main quality defect) decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization had nosignificant effect on bulb shape, dry matter and TSS. Although high plant density (5cm intra-row spacing) reduced plant growth and increased bolting, it also increased total and marketable yields and reduced bulb splitting (a defect). CultivarTEG exceeded Kamlin in plant growth aspects and consequently average bulb weight, total and marketable yields; however, bulb splitting was also high. In conclusion, planting onion at 5cm intra-row spacing and applying 120 kg N/ha., significantly increased productivity and improved bulb quality in central Sudan.
First Report of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot Disease in Tomato in Blue Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Algam Soad Ali Eltayeb , Mohammed Fatima ElfatihIdreis , Teia Farah KhameisFarag , Elwagia Mohammed Elwagia Ali , Abdalbagi Shimaa , Osman Thuwiba
Published: February 2022

Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria is considered to be a major constraint of tomato production all over the world in particular warmer and humid parts.A disease disorder was reported in autumn season 2015within the Blue Nile State in Sudanaffecting all aerial parts of tomato plant. Symptomatic tomato leaves were collected and sent toPlant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum. An investigation on whether a phytopathogen was associated with symptoms of bacterial spots damage on tomato was conducted.The pathogen wasisolated and characterized morphologically, biochemically and at molecular level. The bacterium wasidentified as Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria and confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis of the 16S RNA gene (GenBankAccession Nos MH047248, MH051263 and MG686236).The disease incidence was remarkably high in ALrosserisand Aldamazein which recorded 49.27 and 52.17%, respectively, while the disease severity was 28.28 and 30.32%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria causing bacterial spot disease in tomato in Sudan.
Anesthetic Management in a Adult Male with Citrullinemia: A Case Report
Authors: Kamboj Gurdarshan , Kaur Mandeep , Sadhu Rakesh
Published: February 2022

Our case report is regarding a patient who is a k/c/o citrullinemia type 1 which is a defect in urea cycle posted for facture patella reduction surgery (tension band wiring). He was intellectual disabled because of persistent hyperammonaemia before diagnosis that was controlled with benzoate and L- arginine. Patient preoperative fasting was kept to the minimum and taken as 1st case in the operation theatre. Drugs taken orally on routine basis were continued along with serum ammonia monitoring. Clonidine with midazolam along with propofol infusion to decrease protein hypercatabolism due to stress and to get co-operation of the patient for femoral sciatic block. Postoperative ammonia levels were normal. Sedation is considered useful for preventing hyper ammonemia. Preoperative endocrinology consultation, perioperative serum ammonia level monitoring and coordination between various health departments (nephrologist and endocrinologist) for appropriate care in case of hyper ammonemia and hyperglycaemia perioperatively.
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ՀԵՏԵՎԱՆՔՈՎ ՏԵՂԻ ՈՒՆԵՑԱԾ ԴԺԲԱԽՏ ԴԵՊՔԵՐՈՒՄ ՄԱՐԴԿԱՅԻՆ
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Authors: Badeyan A.V. , Mazmanyan V.G
Published: February 2022

Հոդվածում ներկայացվել է վերջին 10 տարիների ընթացքում ՀՀ-ում և Արցախում անվտանգության տեխնիկայի կամ աշխատանքի պաշտպանության կանոնների խախտման հետևանքով տեղի ունեցած դժբախտ դեպքերի վերաբերյալ նախաձեռնող մարմինների կողմից «Փորձաքննությունների ազգային բյուրո» ՊՈԱԿ-ում նշանակված ճարտարագիտատեխնիկական և դատատեխնիկական փորձաքննությունների իրականացման նպատակով՝ այդ դեպքերի կայացման անմիջական պատճառների, տեղի ունեցած անվտանգության տեխնիկայի կամ աշխատանքի պաշտպանության կանոնների խախտումների համար պատասխանատու անձանց ինքնության որոշման, բացահայտված խախտումների և տեղի ունեցած դեպքերի միջև պատճառահետևանքային կապի առկայությունը հիմնավորելու նպատակով կատարված ուսումնասիրությունների և հետազոտությունների արդյունքների վերլուծություն: Ընդ որում, հոդվածում հատկապես շեշտադրություն է կատարվել տեղի ունեցած դժբախտ դեպքերում աշխատանքի անվտանգ պայմանների առկայությունից զատ նաև մարդկային գործոնի ազդեցության նշանակության վրա։
Բանալի բառեր. անվտանգության տեխնիկա, աշխատանքի պաշտպանություն, արտադրական դժբախտ պատահարներ, անհատական պաշտպանության միջոցներ, հոգեբանական մթնոլորտ:
Rabbit Digestion and Weaning
Authors: Belisle Katherine
Published: February 2022

Rabbits have a fairly unique digestive system. Their anatomy has definite advantages, but also creates a very delicate balance that can easily be upset, especially in wildlife rehabilitation settings. Cottontails are able to extract energy and nutrients from food that is very low in both. The rabbits are assisted by bacteria that colonize their hindgut and digest nutrients that mammals usually cannot. Anything that upsets the balance of beneficial vs. bad bacteria may result in bloating, diarrhea, dehydration, and death. An understanding of how a rabbit’s digestive system works can help us to find ways to prevent upsetting their delicate balancing act, especially during the crucial changes that occur at weaning.
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Feathers as an Alternative to Blood for Microsatellite DNA Analysis: Toward a Non–invasive Technique for Conservation Genetics
Authors: Courchesne Sarah , Meola Dawn , Alcivar–Warren Acacia
Published: February 2022

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is currently classified as threatened in the lower 48 United States. In Massachusetts, only 12 active nesting sites presently exist, and the majority of breeding birds originated from a population of eaglets imported from Nova Scotia in the 1980s. Previous work using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique demonstrated a genetic diversity among Massachusetts’s eagles of only 22 percent. RAPD, while useful for genetic analysis of blood samples, proved to be inappropriate for analysis of feather samples from the same birds. To address this, our current work aimed at determining whether microsatellites would yield identical information for blood and feather samples from the same animal. Utilizing GenBank sequences, a total of 24 microsatellite primer sets representing 18 loci were designed and tested for allele polymorphism using DNA from eight blood samples and a single annealing temperature in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirteen microsatellites (54%) representing 11 loci were polymorphic, and three of these were selected to compare allele sizes in blood and feather DNA from the same eaglet. Preliminary results using microsatellite AJ620425 showed that 18 out of 44 blood/feather pairs amplified alleles of similar sizes. Feather DNA of the other 26 blood/feather pairs tested did not amplify any alleles. Data suggest that microsatellite alleles from blood and feather of the same bird may be consistent, and the microsatellite technique could be useful for non–invasive conservation genetics studies. However, multiple repetitions of the experiment are needed in order to determine optimum DNA concentration for feather samples. Additionally, refinements to the protocol will be necessary to obtain greater amplification of feather DNA which tended to give somewhat weak signals.
Aural Abcesses in Eastern Box Turtles
Authors: Hoggard Cheryl , McFarland Melody
Published: February 2022

Piedmont Wildlife Center (PWC) is currently in its second year of existence and has received more than 200 Eastern box turtles, Terrapene carolina carolina. Most of these animals are found after being hit by automobiles or lawnmowers. There are also a significant number that are found lethargic and unable to retract their heads due to large swellings on the head. Experienced wildlife rehabilitators immediately recognize this as an aural (ear) abscess, a relatively common affliction of box turtles.

A study conducted at North Carolina State University (NCS) College of Veterinary Medicine, examined aerobic bacterial isolates from 23 injured or sick free ranging turtles brought to NCS for care prior to 2003. The NCS admissions and study occurred prior to the existence of PWC. Multiple microbial agents were cultured, which were generally found to be opportunistic Gram–negative bacteria. Of the 23 cultures obtained, the most commonly isolated organisms were Proteus vulgaris (N=5), Escherichia coli (N=5), and Aeromonas hydrophila (N=5) (Willer et al 2003). The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of this condition and the common bacteria associated with aural abscesses, and to supply a general understanding of how this condition relates to the anatomy of the ear. PWC is continuing the study begun at NCS with turtle aural cultures in an effort to better understand the possible causes of the abscesses. The hope is to eventually discern why wild turtles develop these abscesses and methods to decrease the incidence.
When Food Can Be Fatal: Recovery from Emaciation
Authors: Winn Diane
Published: February 2022

With the approach of winter, we can expect to admit increasing numbers of animals that have not been able to find sufficient food. With starvation comes emaciation—the loss of body fat and, as starvation continues, lean body mass. Progressive emaciation is sometimes categorized by amount of weight loss. However, the degree of emaciation in a given animal cannot be determined on the basis of body weight alone, because what is ‘normal’ for a given species depends on factors such as geographical location, time of year, and the sex of the animal. Gross signs of emaciation include prominent ribs (mammals) or keel (birds), and wasting leg muscles (reptiles).
Treating Large Shell Defects and Exposed Viscera: An Excellent Prognosis for Turtles
Authors: Bogard Chris
Published: February 2022

Injured turtles typically present with moderate to severely comminuted (many pieces, crushed) shell fractures requiring management of broken pieces. Injured turtles atypically present with large shell fragments missing thereby exposing the body cavity and visceral organs. Large defects accompanied by deep soft tissue trauma can be and have been mistakenly identified as cause for euthanasia. Remarkably, the prognosis is very good for this type of trauma if treated properly.
Bugs in the Blood: The Rise of Blood Parasites in Raptors
Authors: Arent Lori
Published: February 2022

Two blood parasite diseases, avian malaria and babesiosis, are increasing in prevalence in raptor species. Avian malaria, the more commonly reported of the two, is documented as deadly; the severity of babesiosis is currently unknown. Routine evaluation of blood smears is critical to diagnosing these diseases so that appropriate treatment can be initiated and unexpected mortalities prevented.
Duck Plague Hits Home
Authors: Scott Lynnette
Published: February 2022

In June, as many orphaned waterfowl cared for in WRCs waterfowl nursery reached the age of showing adult feathering, a series of sudden deaths occurred among older mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Prior to finding these animals dead, none had exhibited any major abnormal health issues or symptoms. Laboratory findings indicated the ducks had died of duck plague (Duck Viral Enteritis).
Study of Post–release Data in the North American River Otter (Lutra canadensis)
Authors: Haire Melanie
Published: February 2022

A retrospective study conducted on post–release data of 17 hand–reared North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) over a 14–year period substantiates the effectiveness of the soft release method for this species. Records show that 100 percent of released otters returned to utilize a feeding station at the release site. These return visits ranged from a period of three weeks up to eight months post–release. Twenty–eight percent of these animals returned to the hack station after having sustained injuries. A hack station refers to a site from which an animal is released and is accustomed to receiving food. More than half of the injured animals readmitted required and received medical treatment and were released. The data reveals that river otters respond favorably to this type of release and provides convincing results for long–term success. The results validate this method, as well as demonstrate that slow release played a role in the increased survival rate of the study group. Since the method provides otter pups with backup food and care while they are experiencing life in the wild, it allows them to make and learn from mistakes, which might otherwise prove to be fatal.
Medical Conditions of Wild Virginia Opossums (Didelphis virginiana)
Authors: Santamaria–Bouvier Ariane
Published: February 2022

While the Virginia opossum is a frequent admission for wildlife caretakers, there is limited published information on diseases of this animal. A review of noninfectious and infectious diseases of the Virginia opossum and reported treatment options highlights what is known and the need for further data on this North American marsupial species.
Procuring Free State–of–the–Art Health Care Supplies for Veterinary Use
Authors: Goody Ann , Apostal Ana , Cleymaet Allison Marie , Hagopian Michelle
Published: February 2022

Animal treatment can benefit from advances made in human health care, yet the technology can be cost prohibitive. This article discusses a sampling of high–tech wound dressings that can be used in veterinary practice. It also presents the simple and effective methodology for obtaining free medical supplies from acute care facilities.
Release Criteria for Rehabilitated Wild Animals
Authors: Diehl Scott , Stokhaug Cheryl
Published: February 2022

The release of a rehabilitated wild animal carries with it the responsibilities of assuring the animal is physically and psychologically fit for release and is released at an appropriate time in an appropriate habitat.
Eggs, Rocks, and DDT—What is the Connection?
Authors: Billington Michael , Buhl Gail
Published: February 2022

In 2003, Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center in Finland, MN was awarded IAATE’s Interpretive Award for being able to visually demonstrate the strength of an egg. Since then, many organizations in Minnesota have started using this demonstration. Most of these educational programs strive to teach about the connection between the chemical DDT, bioaccumulation, and peregrine falcons. This interactive demonstration shows how strong eggs are without the influence of DDT. It is fun, attention getting, interactive, has a great message, and is messy. What more do you want in Environmental Education?
Formula for Nestling Songbirds (FoNS©): Update and Options for 2015
Authors: Winn Diane , Finke Mark
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Triage of the Wildlife Patient
Authors: Hoggard Cheryl
Published: February 2022

Treating wildlife patients necessitates a unique approach and a different set of practices than is normally set forth for companion animals. The physiological stress placed on wildlife patients—simply while doing a physical examination—can be enough to cause cardiac arrest (Bewig and Mitchell 2009). Knowing how to address an individual patient’s injuries and the time necessary for that animal to recover from each episode of human contact is essential to successful patient triage. 
Each wild animal brought in for help constitutes an emergency. Triage may entail rapid patient assessment, or may involve several animals, all needing medical attention immediately. Deciding which patient to treat first, how much human interaction that individual can tolerate for a given procedure, and when to stop, often determines the potential for patient survival and release.
Selection Process for Non–Releasable Birds: The First Step in Bird Welfare
Authors: Lacy Kit
Published: February 2022

The selection of ambassador animals coming out of wildlife rehabilitation facilities is an evolving process as information grows regarding long–term physical impacts of disabilities on an animal’s quality of life. Ambassador animal welfare traditionally addressed nourishment, length of life, and physical safety while in human care. More facilities are now focusing on cognitive well–being, including examining if individuals are free from pain, fear, and distress as a measure of welfare. And, as more trainers are adopting choice–based training methods using the least number of aversive stimuli possible, candidate selection is the first step in the welfare process. Cascades Raptor Center has developed rigorous criteria for all birds before they are added to our team. Because many of our resident birds are wild–hatched individuals deemed non–releasable by rehabilitation facilities, it became necessary to devise a thorough assessment process. Data collected from wellness monitoring of our current bird collection coupled with over 25 years of comprehensive necropsy reports have provided information indicating that many disabilities that result in non–releasable status also preclude individuals from having a high quality of life in human care. Setting an ambassador animal up for a successful life in human care begins with appropriate, well considered selection.
Blockchain y la innovación en las tecnologías
Authors: Zevallos Umpiri Wilfredo
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo se propuso como objetivo general reflexionar sobre Blockchain y sus vínculos con la innovación en las tecnologías. Ello en la medida que la cadena de bloques hace posible que existan innovaciones de productos y procesos, que se infiere tienen grandes beneficios en diversos sectores de la vida de los seres humano. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología basada en una revisión bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva, utilizando artículos científicos como fuentes primarias de información. La variable u objeto de estudio seleccionado fue Blockchain. Se hizo la búsqueda a través de Web o Science, Proquest, Scielo y Scopus. Los criterios fueron: 1) artículos que incluyeran las palabras “Blockchain” en el título, resumen o palabras claves; 2) que se apoyen con palabras clave complementarias como “innovación” y “tecnología” y, 3) artículos publicados entre el año 2016 y julio del 2021. Se seleccionaron artículos de América Latina, Norteamérica y Europa. Se organizaron los resultados y discusión por temáticas que recalcan los principales hallazgos. Durante todo el estudio y recopilación de documentación se pudo concluir que existe en la literatura gran interés por el aprovechamiento del Blockchain, vinculando a esta tecnología con la innovación en diversos aspectos de la vida humana (economía y finanzas, gestión pública y temas legales, salud y sociedad). En ese sentido, se concluyó con el objetivo general reflexionar sobre Blockchain y sus vínculos con la innovación en las tecnologías.
Analysis on the Study Failure of Students in China Today
Authors: Qu Shufang , Koay Hun Lee
Published: February 2022

Selection is one function of education, when some students can not endure the failure. The students fail because of their poor learning methods, learning attitudes and learning behaviors. Teachers do not clarify the functions and purposes of exams and homework, so the students do not like the exams and the homework. The criticisms from parents and teachers are not serious. It is understandable that some students fail in study. If the failure of some students is unavoidable, people should do more to lessen the failure and give the students more success.
Pengembangan dan Potensi Green Technology sebagai Energi Masa depan di Masyarakat
Authors: Siregar Zufri Hasrudy , Mawardi Mawardi , Rigitta Prinsi
Published: February 2022

Berdasarkan penelitian pada tahun 2050, penyediaan EBT akan mencapai 275,2 MTOE , 264 MTOE dan 477 MTOE. Untuk kondisi sekarang, pencampuran biodiesel mencapai 100% dan bioethanol 85%. Hal ini mengakibatkan naiknya penyediaan EBT pada skenario RK di tahun 2050. Dengan dilakukan pengabdian di masyarakat mendapat pengetahuan mengenai green teknologi dan perannya di masyarakat. Mechanical seal dapat digunakan pada berbagai bentuk penampang baik benda yang berputar maupun statis. Mechanical seal dapat efektif bila disesuaikan pada benda kerja nya. Kemandirian teknologi menciptakan teknologi yang bersih dan hijau yang lebih dikenal dengan Green Teknologi. Science merupakan hal penting dalam setiap kehidupan dan sangat berhubungan di kehidupan manusia dan berperan penting pada Green Technology
Sosialisasi pembuatan abon ikan tongkol di kelurahan rambung dalam, kecamatan Binjai Selatan Kota Binjai
Authors: Hasrita Hasrita , Maswita Maswita , Pratami Arifah
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Rambung Dalam Kecamatan Binjai Selatan Kota Binjai dalam rangka pembuatan abon dari ikan tongkol sebagai salah satu cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri. Disamping itu pembuatan abon ikan ini dilakukan sebagai alternatif usaha dalam membantu ekonomi rumah tangga dimasa sulit seperti saat pandemi ini. Pembuatan ikan tongkol yang diolah menjadi abon, dipraktekkan bersama sama ibu-ibu tersebut dengan protokol kesehatan di masa covid seperti sekarang ini. Selain  menambah penghasilan rumah tangga, pembuatan abon ikan dapat  menambah wawasan para warga terutama ibu-ibu yang aktif berpartisipasi di Kelurahan Rambung Dalam Kecamatan Binjai Selatan Kota Binjai. Dan diharapkan warga kelurahan Rambong Dalam  akan mampu membuat abon ikan secara mandiri.
Perancangan kemasan produk berstandarisasi nasional di UMKM tempe
Authors: Yudisha Nabila , Gunawan Indra , Rezeki Rahmad , Rida Rizkha , Lubis Fiza
Published: February 2022

Usaha Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Desa Rengas Pulau mengalami kendala pada saat bermitra dengan perusahaan yang akan memasok produk tempe miliknya. Adapun penyebab dari kendala tersebut adalah masalah pengemasan produk yang belum terstandarisasi nasional, yaitu belum terdaftar BPOM, belum memiliki hak paten, dan kemasan yang kurang menarik perhatian konsumen. Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan pengabdian masyarakat pada UMKM tersebut untuk memperbaiki sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas kemasan produk dengan memberikan pelatihan terkait hal tersebut. Untuk perbaikan berkelanjutan, peneliti menyarankan pemilik UMKM untuk memasarkan produknya via Online melalui media sosial terkini. Ini merupakan salah satu langkah untuk mencapai usaha yang mengadaptasi Industri 4.0.