bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Casting Light on The Hidden Prevalence: A Novel Perspective on Hypoplastic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zamfir Alexandra-Simona , Stătescu Cristian , Sascău Radu Andy , Tinică Grigore , Zamfir Carmen Lăcrămioara , Cernomaz Tudor-Andrei , Chistol Raluca Ozana , Boișteanu Daniela , Sava Anca
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) represent a group of rare cardiac abnormalities with an incidence of up to 1.2%. The aim of this retrospective study was to conduct a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the prevalence of hypoplastic coronary arteries using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with diagnosed CAAs and individuals presenting with cardiovascular manifestations in the north-eastern region of Romania. This study was motivated by the limited investigation of the CAAs conducted in this area. Methods: We analyzed data collected from 12,758 coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) records available at the “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu” Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, spanning the years 2012 to 2022. Results: Among 350 individuals with CAAs (2.7% of the total cohort), 71 patients (20.3% of the anomaly presenting group and 0.5% of the entire CCTA cohort) exhibited at least one hypoplastic coronary artery. The mean age of individuals diagnosed with hypoplastic coronary artery disease (HCAD) was 61 years, while the age distribution among them ranged from 22 to 84 years. Nearly equal cases of right and left dominance (33 and 31, respectively) were observed, with only 7 cases of co-dominance. Conclusions: HCAD may be considered underexplored in current published research, despite its potentially significant implications ranging to an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest. The specific prevalence of HCAD among CAAs might be higher than previously reported, possibly reflecting better diagnostic accuracy of CCTA over classic coronary imaging. The absence of standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for HCAD underscores the necessity of a personalized approach for such cases.
Efficacy and Safety of WCFA19 (Weissella confusa WIKIM51) in Reducing Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Sun Hwayeon , Shin Jinyoung , Kim Min-ji , Bae Sunghwan , Lee Nicole Dain , Yoo Byungwook
Published: April 2024

Background: WCFA19 (Weissella confusa WIKIM51), found during the fermentation of kimchi, is known for its inhibitory effects on body weight and body fat. This study looked at the impact of WCFA19 isolated from dandelion kimchi on weight loss in overweight and obese adults that are otherwise healthy. Methods: This study was conducted as a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with 104 overweight and obese subjects. Subjects were randomized evenly into the test group (WCFA19, 500 mg, n = 40) or control group (n = 34) for 12 weeks from 14 June 2021 to 24 December 2021. Effects were based on DEXA to measure changes in body fat mass and percentage. Results: Among the 74 subjects analyzed, WCFA19 oral supplementation for 12 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in body fat mass of 633.38 ± 1396.17 g (p = 0.0066) in overweight and obese individuals in the experimental group. The control group showed an increase of 59.10 ± 1120.57 g (p = 0.7604), indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0448) in the change in body fat percentage, with a decrease of 0.41 ± 1.22% (p = 0.0424) in the experimental group and an increase of 0.17 ± 1.21% (p = 0.4078) in the control group. No significant adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Oral supplementation of 500 mg of WCFA19 for 12 weeks is associated with a decrease in body weight, particularly in body fat mass and percentage.
Microfluidic Synthesis and Properties of Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Core–Shell Particles
Authors: Kronfeld Klaus-Peter , Köhler Johann Michael , Ellinger Thomas
Published: April 2024

An approach is demonstrated for the generation of swellable core–shell particles in the sub-millimeter range using a one-step microfluidic method. Particles are made of an agarose gel core and a shell consisting of hydrogel based on crosslinked poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Solidification of the core was achieved by cooling below the sol–gel temperature, while the shell was cured by photoinitiated co-polymerization. The shell of the particles is reversibly thermoresponsive; it contracts upon heating, releasing water, and becomes hydrophobic. The transition temperature as well as the stability of the particles are mainly affected by the shell monomer composition, while they are less affected by the type of the core material. Such composite particles remain swellable after drying.
Role of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Axis
Authors: Beito Mitchell R. , Ashraf Sadia , Odogwu Dorcas , Harmancey Romain
Published: April 2024

Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent one of the largest yet least investigated families of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. While initially believed to be functionally restricted to the detection and integration of odors at the olfactory epithelium, accumulating evidence points to a critical role for ectopically expressed ORs in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in extranasal tissues. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the expression and physiological functions of ectopic ORs in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and primary metabolic organs and emphasizes how altered ectopic OR signaling in those tissues may impact cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic health.
AKT, p-AKT, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in Mural Granulosa Cells Are Not Correlated to Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols in Patients Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment
Authors: Ruvolo Giovanni , Matranga Domenica , Barreca Maria Magdalena , Bosco Liana
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: In this paper we aim to study the relationship between the expression levels of molecules involved in apoptotic/survival pathways, considered as molecular markers of oocyte competence (i.e., AKT, p-AKT, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2) in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and the administration of r-FSH alone or combined with exogenous r-LH, in ovarian stimulation protocol. Moreover, we aim to evaluate oocyte competence by comparing normally cleaved embryos that were transferred in the uterus, with embryos that were arrested during in vitro culture. (2) Methods: The study included 34 normo-responder women undergoing ICSI procedures. All subjects were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 18 women stimulated with r-FSH and used as a control group; Group B consisted of 14 women stimulated with r-FSH combined with r-LH. The MGCs were obtained from individual follicles. Immunoblot analyses were carried out to analyze the AKT, p-AKT, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 levels in MGCs and to correlate them with the ovarian stimulation protocol. Furthermore, the oocyte competence was evaluated, for each follicle, according to the development of the embryo during in vitro culture and the pregnancy outcome. (3) Results: We found no significant difference in the levels of molecules in isolated MGCs between groups A and B. These results, in light of our previous research, suggest for the first time, to our knowledge, that cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells in the same follicle show different expression levels of molecules involved in the apoptotic mechanism. (4) Conclusions: Our results could clarify some controversial data in the literature where cumulative cell pools of cumulus and granulosa were analyzed, described as ovarian follicle cells, and used as markers of oocyte competence. In this paper, we found evidence that cumulus and granulosa cells need to be analyzed separately.
Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare: A Journey through History, Present Innovations, and Future Possibilities
Authors: Hirani Rahim , Noruzi Kaleb , Khuram Hassan , Hussaini Anum S. , Aifuwa Esewi Iyobosa , Ely Kencie E. , Lewis Joshua M. , Gabr Ahmed E. , Smiley Abbas , Tiwari Raj K. , Etienne Mill
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in healthcare significantly impacting practices from diagnostics to treatment delivery and patient management. This article examines the progress of AI in healthcare, starting from the field’s inception in the 1960s to present-day innovative applications in areas such as precision medicine, robotic surgery, and drug development. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceleration of the use of AI in technologies such as telemedicine and chatbots to enhance accessibility and improve medical education is also explored. Looking forward, the paper speculates on the promising future of AI in healthcare while critically addressing the ethical and societal considerations that accompany the integration of AI technologies. Furthermore, the potential to mitigate health disparities and the ethical implications surrounding data usage and patient privacy are discussed, emphasizing the need for evolving guidelines to govern AI’s application in healthcare.
Brain Healthcare Quotient as a Tool for Standardized Approach in Brain Healthcare Interventions
Authors: Yoshida Keitaro , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Hamano Ami , Kawamori Masahito , Arai Tetsuaki , Yamakawa Yoshinori
Published: April 2024

In addressing the challenge of assessing healthy brain aging across diverse interventions, this study introduces the use of MRI-derived Brain Healthcare Quotients (BHQ) for comprehensive evaluation. We analyzed BHQ changes in 319 participants aged 24–69, who were allocated into dietary (collagen peptide, euglena, matcha, isohumulone, xanthophyll) and physical activity (hand massage with lavender oil, handwriting, office stretching, pink lens, clinical art) groups, alongside a control group, over a month. These interventions were specifically chosen to test the efficacy of varying health strategies on brain health, measured through BHQ indices: GM-BHQ for gray matter volume, and FA-BHQ for white matter integrity. Notably, significant improvements in FA-BHQ were observed in the collagen peptide group, with marginal increases in the hand massage and office stretching groups. These findings highlight BHQ’s potential as a sensitive tool for detecting brain health changes, offering evidence that low-intensity, easily implemented interventions can have beneficial effects on brain health. Moreover, BHQ allows for the systematic evaluation of such interventions using standard statistical approaches, suggesting its value in future brain healthcare research.
Turning Non-Sticking Surface into Sticky Surface: Correlation between Surface Topography and Contact Angle Hysteresis
Authors: Bai Jingyuan , Wang Xuejiao , Zhang Meilin , Yang Zhou , Zhang Jin
Published: April 2024

We present a surface modification technique that turns CuNi foam films with a high contact angle and non-sticking property into a sticky surface. By decorating with mesh-like biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and adjusting the surface parameters, the surface exhibits water-retaining capability even when being held upside down. The wetting transition process of droplets falling on its surface were systematically studied using the finite element simulation method. It is found that the liquid filled the surface microstructure and curvy three-phase contact line. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated that this surface can be further applied to capture underwater air bubbles.
Study of Precipitated Secondary Phase at 700 °C on the Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI2507: Advanced High-Temperature Safety of a Lithium-Ion Battery Case
Authors: Shin Byung-Hyun , Kim Seongjun , Park Jinyong , Ok Jung-Woo , Kim Dohyung , Yoon Jang-Hee
Published: April 2024

Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is a suitable structural material for various engineering applications due to its outstanding strength and corrosion resistance. In particular, its high-temperature strength can enhance the safety of electronic products and cars. SDSS AISI2507, known for its excellent strength and high corrosion resistance, was analyzed for its microstructure and electrochemical behavior at the ignition temperature of Li-ion batteries, 700 °C. At 700 °C, AISI2507 exhibited secondary phase precipitation values of 1% and 8% after 5 and 10 h, respectively. Secondary phase precipitation was initiated by the expansion of austenite, forming sigma, chi, and CrN phases. The electrochemical behavior varied with the fraction of secondary phases. Secondary phase precipitation reduced the potential (From −0.25 V to −0.31 V) and increased the current density (From 8 × 10−6 A/cm2 to 3 × 10−6 A/cm2) owing to galvanic corrosion by sigma and chi. As the fraction of secondary phases increased (From 0.0% to 8.1%), the open circuit potential decreased (From −0.25 V to −0.32 V). Secondary phase precipitation is a crucial factor in reducing the corrosion resistance of SDSS AISI2507 and occurs after 1 h of exposure at 700 °C.
Experimental Research on the Anti-Reflection Crack Performance of Basalt Fiber Modified Rubber Asphalt Stress-Absorbing Layer
Authors: Shen Cheng , Wu Zhengguang , Xiao Peng , Kang Aihong , Wang Yangbo
Published: April 2024

Reflection cracks are one of the most common problems in semi-rigid base pavement. Setting a stress absorption layer can effectively delay the occurrence of reflection cracks, but further improvement is still needed in its interlayer bonding performance and anti-reflection crack performance. Considering the excellent crack resistance of basalt fibers and the good elastic recovery ability of rubber asphalt, it is considered worthwhile to incorporate them into traditional stress absorption layers to improve performance. To simulate the actual pavement layer effect, composite specimens consisting of a cement-stabilized macadam base + basalt fiber rubber asphalt stress-absorbing layer + AC-20 asphalt mixture surface layer were prepared to evaluate their performance through interlayer direct shear tests, interlayer tensile tests, three-point bending tests, and overlay tests (OTs). To determine the optimal fiber blending combination, four fiber lengths (3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm) and four fiber proportions (120 g/m2, 140 g/m2, 160 g/m2, 180 g/m2) were selected respectively. The specific effects of basalt fibers with different lengths and dosages were analyzed. The results show that compared with the absence of fibers, the improvement of interlayer bonding performance of rubber asphalt with basalt fibers is not significant, and it has certain limitations; however, the improvement of anti-reflective crack performance is significant, with an increase of up to 305.5%. This indicates that the network structure formed by basalt fibers and rubber asphalt stress absorption layer can effectively absorb and disperse external loads, causing an excellent crack resistance effect. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the main factor affecting its interlayer bonding strength and anti-reflective crack performance is the fiber content. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the performance and economy of the stress absorption layer of basalt fiber rubber asphalt, the optimal fiber parameter combination recommended is as fiber length 9 cm and fiber content 160 g/m2. These results can provide a reference for the design and performance evaluation of basalt fiber rubber asphalt stress absorption layer, and have certain application value.
Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Physical, Mechanical, and Structural Characteristics of Cementitious Composites with Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Florean Carmen Teodora , Vermeșan Horațiu , Gabor Timea , Neamțu Bogdan Viorel , Thalmaier Gyorgy , Hegyi Andreea , Csapai Alexandra , Lăzărescu Adrian-Victor
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NTs) on the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the microstructural changes, of cementitious composites containing partially substituted natural aggregates (NAs) with aggregates derived from the following four recycled materials: glass (RGA), brick (RGB), blast-furnace slag (GBA), and recycled textolite waste with WEEE (waste from electrical and electronic equipment) as the primary source (RTA), in line with sustainable construction practices. The research methodology included the following phases: selection and characterization of raw materials, formulation design, experimental preparation and testing of specimens using standardized methods specific to cementitious composite mortars (including determination of apparent density in the hardened state, mechanical strength in compression, flexure, and abrasion, and water absorption by capillarity), and structural analysis using specialized techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)). The analysis and interpretation of the results focused primarily on identifying the effects of NT addition on the composites. Results show a decrease in density resulting from replacing NAs with recycled aggregates, particularly in the case of RGB and RTA. Conversely, the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a slight increase in density, ranging from 0.2% for RTA to 7.4% for samples containing NAs. Additionally, the introduction of TiO2 contributes to improved compressive strength, especially in samples containing RTA, while flexural strength benefits from a 3–4% TiO2 addition in all composites. The compressive strength ranged from 35.19 to 70.13 N/mm2, while the flexural strength ranged from 8.4 to 10.47 N/mm2. The abrasion loss varied between 2.4% and 5.71%, and the water absorption coefficient varied between 0.03 and 0.37 kg/m2m0.5, the variations being influenced by both the nature of the aggregates and the amount of NTs added. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the cementitious composites, mainly forming CSH gel. TiO2 nanoparticles act as nucleating agents during early hydration, as confirmed by EDS spectra after curing.
Effect of Public Fillers on Cement-Stabilized Recycled Mixes of Road Performance: Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, and Durability
Authors: Zhang Ming , Cheng Chen , Chiang Kingsley , Wang Xinxin , Zhu Yazhi , Luo Hui
Published: April 2024

In order to address the challenges of resource utilization posed by construction waste, the substitution of natural aggregate (NA) with public fill (PF) contents was investigated for load reclamation and road grassroots applications. A comprehensive assessment of road performance for the recycled mixture was conducted, focusing on parameters such as unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, compressive resilience modulus, dry shrinkage, and frost resistance. Additionally, the impact of incorporating PF at various types and replacement ratios on the microstructure of cement-stabilized aggregate (CSA) was analyzed. The results indicated that the unconfined compressive strength of cement-stabilized recycled mixture with varying PF contents meets the base strength requirements for heavy, medium, and light traffic pavement on secondary and sub-secondary roads in China. Notably, the unconfined compressive strength and resilience modulus follow a similar pattern, reaching their peak at a 25% PF content. Microscopic examination reveals that an appropriate PF content leads to the predominant formation of C(N)-A-S-H, hydrotalcite, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3 as paste reaction products. As the replacement of public fill increases from 0% to 25%, there is a gradual stacking of gel products, which enhances the compactness of the microstructure by cementing together unreacted particles. Consequently, this process reduces dry shrinkage strain and effectively mitigates the formation of reflection cracks. Applying large quantities of public fill to road construction can effectively deal with various waste accumulation problems and produce a novel road material with significant social, economic, and environmental benefits.
Numerical Simulation of the Evaporation Behavior of Fe-Mn Heterogeneous Powder in Selective Laser Melting Process
Authors: Ma Xilin , Hou Yaqing , Liu Heping , Qiu Hao , Li Xiaoqun
Published: April 2024

Multi-material additive manufacturing using heterogeneous powders as raw materials is one of the important development directions of metal additive manufacturing technology. The evaporation behavior of heterogeneous powders in the selective laser melting (SLM) process has a significant influence on the accuracy of chemical composition control and the quality of the final product. In this paper, the fusion process of Fe20Mn (80 wt.% Fe and 20 wt.% Mn) heterogeneous powder, Fe and Mn elemental powders, and Fe20Mn pre-alloyed powder is numerically simulated using FLOW-3D® software and partially validated through SLM experimental results. The morphology and the characteristics of the flow field and temperature field in the melt pool for four kinds of powder materials are analyzed. The influence of the elemental evaporation behavior of different powders on the mass loss of the Mn element is discussed. The results show that the excessive accumulation of heat increases the maximum temperature of the melt pool, thus increasing mass loss. The Fe20Mn heterogeneous powder has a wider heat-affected zone and a higher peak value of temperature, nearly 400 K higher than that of the Fe20Mn pre-alloyed powders, which exhibits an intensive evaporation behavior. The mass loss of the Mn element obtained from the SLM experiment for Fe20Mn heterogeneous powders forming parts is more than the Fe20Mn pre-alloyed powders’ forming parts for different laser powers, up to 17 wt.% at P = 120 W. This tendency is consistent with the numerical analysis of the effect of evaporation behavior of Fe–Mn heterogeneous powder during the SLM process. This study provides the necessary theoretical reference and process guidance for realizing the precise control of the SLM composition of a heterogeneous powder in multi-material additive manufacturing caused by evaporation behavior.
Numerical Investigation on the Structural Behavior of a Short-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with Steel and CFRP Hybrid Cables
Authors: Lu Chunling , Wang Xiangxiang , Ning Yuwen , Wen Kang , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a thorough investigation is presented on the static and dynamic behaviors of a short-span cable-stayed bridge (CSB) incorporating steel and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) hybrid cables. The study focuses on the world’s largest span and China’s first highway, CFRP CSB. The performance of the CSB was compared using numerical simulations under four different cable patterns: steel cables, CFRP cables, and steel, and two types of hybrid cables with different structural arrangements. The results indicate that the use of the use of CFRP cables in the long cable region in the short-span CSB project investigated in this study offers improved performance in terms of stability, seismic response, and reduced displacements. In comparison to CFRP cables, hybrid cables have demonstrated a reduction of 12% in the maximum vertical displacement of the main girder. On the other hand, the hybrid cables result in reduced maximum internal forces and longitudinal and lateral displacements of the main girders and towers compared to steel cables. The difference in the arrangement of CFRP cables in the long cable region or short cable region is not obvious under dead loads, but significant differences still exist between the CFRP cable bridges in the short cable region and the long cable region in terms of live load effects, temperature effects, and dynamic characteristics.
Experimental Analysis of Smart Drilling for the Furniture Industry in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Szwajka Krzysztof , Zielińska-Szwajka Joanna , Trzepieciński Tomasz
Published: April 2024

The fact is that hundreds of holes are drilled in the assembly process of furniture sets, so intelligent drilling is a key element in maximizing efficiency. Increasing the feed rate or the cutting speed in materials characterized by a higher machinability index is necessary. Smart drilling, that is, the real-time adjustment of the cutting parameters, requires the evolution of cutting process variables. In addition, it is necessary to control and adjust the processing parameters in real time. Machinability is one of the most important technological properties in the machining process, enabling the determination of the material’s susceptibility to machining. One of the machinability indicators is the unit cutting resistance. This article proposes a method of material identification using the short-time Fourier transform in order to automatically adjust cutting parameters during drilling based on force signals, cutting torque and acceleration signals. In the tests, four types of wood-based materials were used as the processed material: medium-density fiberboard, chipboard, plywood board and high-pressure laminate. Holes with a diameter of 10 mm were drilled in the test materials, with variable feed rate, cutting speed and thickness of cutting layer. An innovative method for determining the value of unit cutting resistance was proposed. The results obtained were used to determine the machinability index. Based on the test results, it was shown that both the selected signal measures in the time and frequency domains and the unit cutting resistance are constant for a given material of a workpiece and do not depend on the drilling process parameters. In this article, the methodology is proposed, which can be used as an intelligent technique to support the drilling process to detect the material being machined using data from sensors installed on the machine tool. The work proposes the fundamentals for material identification based on the analysis of force signals and the magnitude of force derivatives. The proposed methodology shows effectiveness, which proves that it can be used in intelligent drilling processes. Hybrid wood-based material structures consisting of different materials are becoming more and more common in building structures for strength, economic and environmental reasons. Due to the difference in the machinability of interconnected materials, cutting parameters must be optimized in real time during machining. Currently, with the rapid development of Industry 4.0, the on-line identification of parameters is becoming necessary to improve the process flow in industrial reality. The proposed methodology can be used as an intelligent technique to support the drilling process in order to detect the material being processed using data from sensors installed on the machine tool.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of the Sphenoid Sinus in Patients with Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Ciurea Mircea-Viorel , Florian Ioan Ștefan , Lenghel Manuela , Petea-Balea Diana-Raluca , Roman Alexandra , Albu Silviu
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is part of the diagnostic protocol in pituitary adenoma patients. The goal of the present study is to present and analyse the MRI appearances of the sphenoid sinus (SS) in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case–control study conducted between January 2015 and December 2023 in a tertiary referral hospital. Forty NFPA patients were included in the study group, while the control group consisted of 30 age- and gender-matched cases. Results: The sellar type of SS pneumatization was the most frequently encountered pattern among both groups. The presence of the lateral recess of the SS, mucosal cysts, and sphenoethmoidal cells was similar in both patient groups. The proportion of patients with SS mucosal thickness greater than 3 mm was 42.5% in NFPA group and 3% in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The space between the two optic nerves was significantly larger in the NFPA group as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study was able to establish a statistically significant association between the presence of NFPA and both the thickening of the SS mucosa and increased space between optic nerves.
General Treatments Promoting Independent Living in Parkinson’s Patients and Physical Therapy Approaches for Improving Gait—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lee Dae-Hwan , Woo Bong-Sik , Park Yong-Hwa , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the multifaceted approaches to treating Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function but also manifesting in a variety of symptoms that vary greatly among individuals. The complexity of PD symptoms necessitates a comprehensive treatment strategy that integrates surgical interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical therapy to tailor to the unique needs of each patient. Surgical options, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), have been pivotal for patients not responding adequately to medication, offering significant symptom relief. Pharmacotherapy remains a cornerstone of PD management, utilizing drugs like levodopa, dopamine agonists, and others to manage symptoms and, in some cases, slow down disease progression. However, these treatments often lead to complications over time, such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, highlighting the need for precise dosage adjustments and sometimes combination therapies to optimize patient outcomes. Physical therapy plays a critical role in addressing the motor symptoms of PD, including bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremors, postural instability, and akinesia. PT techniques are tailored to improve mobility, balance, strength, and overall quality of life. Strategies such as gait and balance training, strengthening exercises, stretching, and functional training are employed to mitigate symptoms and enhance functional independence. Specialized approaches like proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), the Bobath concept, and the use of assistive devices are also integral to the rehabilitation process, aimed at improving patients’ ability to perform daily activities and reducing the risk of falls. Innovations in technology have introduced robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) and other assistive devices, offering new possibilities for patient care. These tools provide targeted support and feedback, allowing for more intensive and personalized rehabilitation sessions. Despite these advancements, high costs and accessibility issues remain challenges that need addressing. The inclusion of exercise and activity beyond structured PT sessions is encouraged, with evidence suggesting that regular physical activity can have neuroprotective effects, potentially slowing disease progression. Activities such as treadmill walking, cycling, and aquatic exercises not only improve physical symptoms but also contribute to emotional well-being and social interactions. In conclusion, treating PD requires a holistic approach that combines medical, surgical, and therapeutic strategies. While there is no cure, the goal is to maximize patients’ functional abilities and quality of life through personalized treatment plans. This integrated approach, along with ongoing research and development of new therapies, offers hope for improving the management of PD and the lives of those affected by this challenging disease.
The Importance of Early Detection and Minimally Invasive Treatment of Pseudoaneurysms Due to Chronic Pancreatitis: Case Report
Authors: Velickovic Dejan , Stosic Katarina , Stefanovic Aleksandra Djuric , Kovac Jelena Djokic , Sekulic Danijela , Milosevic Stefan , Miletic Marko , Saponjski Dusan Jovica , Lukic Borivoje , Tadic Boris , Jovanovic Milica Mitrovic , Cvetic Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The occurrence of the pseudoaneurysm of visceral arteries in the field of chronic pancreatitis is a very rare complication that represents a life-threatening condition. The higher frequency of this complication is in the necrotic form of pancreatic inflammation, especially in patients with formed peripancreatic necrotic collections. The degradation of the arterial wall leads to bleeding and transforms these necrotic collections into a pseudoaneurysm. Urgent endovascular angioembolization is the first choice in the therapeutic approach as a valid minimally invasive solution with very satisfactory immediate and long-term outcomes. This successfully avoids open surgery, which is associated with a high mortality rate in these patients, especially in acute-on-chronic pancreatitis.
Mechanical Complications of Proximal Femur Fractures Treated with Intramedullary Nailing: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lopez-Hualda Alvaro , García-Cabrera Esperanza Marin , Lobato-Perez Marina , Martinez-Martin Javier , Rossettini Giacomo , Leigheb Massimiliano , Villafañe Jorge Hugo
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: This retrospective cohort study analyzes mechanical complications in hip fracture surgery using the Trochanteric Fixation Nail-Advanced (TFNA) implant. It investigates the correlation of these complications with demographic, intraoperative, and radiological factors, aiming to identify associated risk factors and suggest improvements in clinical surveillance and treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 253 patients diagnosed with pertrochanteric hip fractures treated between 2017 and 2021, with 126 meeting the criteria for a minimum 6-month follow-up. Data on demographics, American Anesthesia Association Classification (ASA), comorbidities, AO/OTA [AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen)/OTA (Orthopedic Trauma Association)] fracture classification, procedural details, and time to failure were collected. Radiographs were evaluated for reduction quality, the tip–apex distance (TAD), progressive varus deviation, and identification of mechanical complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The predominant AO/OTA fracture classification was 31A2 in 67 cases (52.7%). Reduction quality was deemed good or acceptable in 123 cases (97.6%). The mean time to failure was 4.5 months (range: 2.2–6). The average TAD was 18 mm (range: 1.2–36), with a mean progressive varus deviation of 2.44° (range: 1.30–4.14). A good or acceptable reduction quality was observed in 97.6% of cases. Mechanical complications occurred in 21.4% of patients, with significant associations found with the lateral cortex fracture, use of a TFNA implant with a 130° angle, open reduction, and absence of prior osteoporosis treatment. Conclusions: The study provides insights into mechanical complications in proximal femur fractures treated with the TFNA nail, emphasizing the need for enhanced clinical and radiographic surveillance, especially in patients without osteoporosis treatment. Our findings support the necessity for further clinical studies comparing these outcomes with other implant designs and underscore the importance of personalized treatment strategies to reduce complication rates.
Association of Polymorphisms in PD-1 and LAG-3 Genes with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mansour Lamjed , Alqahtani Mashael , Aljuaimlani Ali , Al-Tamimi Jameel , Al-Harbi Nouf , Alomar Suliman
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) are essential for controlling anti-tumor immune responses. This study aims to explore the correlation between specific genetic variations (SNPs) in the PDCD1 (rs2227981) and LAG3 (rs12313899) genes and the likelihood of developing AML in the Saudi population. Material and methods: total of 98 Saudi AML patients and 131 healthy controls were genotyped for the PDCD1 rs2227981 and LAG3 rs12313899 polymorphisms using TaqMan genotyping assays. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the SNPs and AML risk using several genetic models. Results: The results revealed a significant association between the PDCD1 rs2227981 polymorphism and increased AML risk. In AML patients, the frequency of the G allele was considerably greater than in healthy controls (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.31–2.81, p = 0.00080). The GG and AG genotypes were associated with a very high risk of developing AML (p < 0.0001). In contrast, no significant association was observed between the LAG3 rs12313899 polymorphism and AML risk in the studied population. In silico analysis of gene expression profiles from public databases suggested the potential impact of PDCD1 expression levels on the overall survival of AML patients. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the association of the PDCD1 rs2227981 polymorphism with an increased risk for AML in the Saudi population.
Low-Temperature and High-Efficiency Solid-Phase Amplification Based on Formamide
Authors: Huang Jialing , Li Huan , Shu Fengfeng , Zhou Wenchao , Wu Yihui , Wang Yue , Lv Xiao , Gao Ming , Song Zihan , Zhao Shixun
Published: April 2024

The thermal stability of DNA immobilized on a solid surface is one of the factors that affects the efficiency of solid-phase amplification (SP-PCR). Although variable temperature amplification ensures high specificity of the reaction by precisely controlling temperature changes, excessively high temperatures during denaturation can negatively affect DNA stability. Formamide (FA) enables DNA denaturation at lower temperatures, showing potential for SP-PCR. Research on FA’s impacts on DNA microarrays is still limited, necessitating further optimization in exploring the characteristics of FA in SP-PCR according to particular application needs. We immobilized DNA on a chip using a crosslinker and generated DNA microarrays through bridge amplification based on FA denaturation on our automated reaction device. We optimized the denaturation and hybridization parameters of FA, achieving a maximum cluster density of 2.83 × 104 colonies/mm2. Compared to high-temperature denaturation, FA denaturation required a lower template concentration and milder reaction conditions and produced higher cluster density, demonstrating that FA effectively improves hybridization rates on surfaces. Regarding the immobilized DNA stability, the FA group exhibited a 45% loss of DNA, resulting in a 15% higher DNA retention rate compared to the high-temperature group, indicating that FA can better maintain DNA stability. Our study suggests that using FA improves the immobilized DNA stability and amplification efficiency in SP-PCR.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Development in Spherical Condensation Droplets
Authors: Dong Jian , Lu Siguang , Liu Bilong , Wu Jie , Chen Mengqi
Published: April 2024

This study establishes thermodynamic assumptions regarding the growth of condensation droplets and a mathematical formulation of droplet energy functionals. A model of the gas–liquid interface condensation rate based on kinetic theory is derived to clarify the relationship between condensation conditions and intermediate variables. The energy functional of a droplet, derived using the principle of least action, partially elucidates the inherent self-organizing growth laws of condensed droplets, enabling predictive modeling of the droplet’s growth. Considering the effects of the condensation environment and droplet heat transfer mechanisms on droplet growth dynamics, we divide the process into three distinct stages, marked by critical thresholds of 105 nm3 and 1010 nm3. Our model effectively explains why the observed contact angle fails to reach the expected Wenzel contact angle. This research presents a detailed analysis of the factors affecting surface condensation and heat transfer. The predictions of our model have an error rate of less than 3% error compared to baseline experiments. Consequently, these insights can significantly contribute to and improve the design of condensation heat transfer surfaces for the phase-change heat sinks in microprocessor chips.
Stray Magnetic Field Variations and Micromagnetic Simulations: Models for Ni0.8Fe0.2 Disks Used for Microparticle Trapping
Authors: Vieira Gregory B. , Howard Eliza , Lankapalli Prannoy , Phillips Iesha , Hoffmeister Keith , Holley Jackson
Published: April 2024

Patterned micro-scale thin-film magnetic structures, in conjunction with weak (~few tens of Oe) applied magnetic fields, can create energy landscapes capable of trapping and transporting fluid-borne magnetic microparticles. These energy landscapes arise from magnetic field magnitude variations that arise in the vicinity of the magnetic structures. In this study, we examine means of calculating magnetic fields in the local vicinity of permalloy (Ni0.8Fe0.2) microdisks in weak (~tens of Oe) external magnetic fields. To do this, we employ micromagnetic simulations and the resulting calculations of fields. Because field calculation from micromagnetic simulations is computationally time-intensive, we discuss a method for fitting simulated results to improve calculation speed. Resulting stray fields vary dramatically based on variations in micromagnetic simulations—vortex vs. non-vortex micromagnetic results—which can each appear despite identical simulation final conditions, resulting in field strengths that differ by about a factor of two.
A Real-Time Monitoring Method for Selective Laser Melting of TA1 Materials Based on Radiation Detection of a Molten Pool
Authors: Zhou Tao , Huang Wei , Chen Congyan
Published: April 2024

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is a promising additive manufacturing technology. However, due to the numerous influencing factors in this complex process, a reliable real-time method is needed to monitor the forming process of SLM. The molten pool is the smallest forming unit in the SLM process, the consistency of which can effectively reflect the quality of the printing process. By using a coaxial optical path structure and a compound amplifier circuit, high-speed acquisition of molten pool radiation can be realized. Next, single factor analysis and orthogonal experimentation were used to investigate the influence levels of key process parameters on the radiation of molten pool. In addition, numerical simulation was carried out with the same parameter setting schemes, the results of which are consistent with those in radiation detection experiments. It is shown that the laser power has the greatest effect on the radiation of the molten pool, while the scanning speed and the hatch spacing have little effect on the radiation. Finally, the positioning experiment involving the small hole structure was carried out, and the experimental results showed that the device could accurately locate the position coordinates of the given hole structure.
The Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Sources and the Rate of Longitudinal Changes in Brain Structure
Authors: Cui Fusheng , Li Huihui , Cao Yi , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: April 2024

Few studies have examined dietary protein intake and sources, in combination with longitudinal changes in brain structure markers. Our study aimed to examine the association between dietary protein intake and different sources of dietary protein, with the longitudinal rate of change in brain structural markers. A total of 2723 and 2679 participants from the UK Biobank were separately included in the analysis. The relative and absolute amounts of dietary protein intake were calculated using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire. The longitudinal change rates of brain structural biomarkers were computed using two waves of brain imaging data. The average interval between the assessments was three years. We utilized multiple linear regression to examine the association between dietary protein and different sources and the longitudinal changes in brain structural biomarkers. Restrictive cubic splines were used to explore nonlinear relationships, and stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Increasing the proportion of animal protein in dietary protein intake was associated with a slower reduction in the total hippocampus volume (THV, β: 0.02524, p < 0.05), left hippocampus volume (LHV, β: 0.02435, p < 0.01) and right hippocampus volume (RHV, β: 0.02544, p < 0.05). A higher intake of animal protein relative to plant protein was linked to a lower atrophy rate in the THV (β: 0.01249, p < 0.05) and LHV (β: 0.01173, p < 0.05) and RHV (β: 0.01193, p < 0.05). Individuals with a higher intake of seafood exhibited a higher longitudinal rate of change in the HV compared to those that did not consume seafood (THV, β: 0.004514; p < 0.05; RHV, β: 0.005527, p < 0.05). In the subgroup and sensitivity analyses, there were no significant alterations. A moderate increase in an individual’s intake and the proportion of animal protein in their diet, especially from seafood, is associated with a lower atrophy rate in the hippocampus volume.
Anemia in Breastfeeding Women and Its Impact on Offspring’s Health in Indonesia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Basrowi Ray Wagiu , Zulfiqqar Andy , Sitorus Nova Lidia
Published: April 2024

Anemia in breastfeeding women is a neglected global health issue with significant implications for maternal and child health. Despite its widespread occurrence and adverse effects, this problem remains largely unknown and overlooked on the global health agenda. Despite efforts to improve health access coverage and provide iron and folic acid supplementation, anemia persists. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to address the problem. Urgent action must be taken to prioritize education and awareness campaigns, ensure access to nutritious food, and enhance healthcare services. Education programs should focus on promoting iron-rich diets, dispelling cultural myths, and providing practical guidance. Improving healthcare services requires increasing availability, ensuring a consistent supply of iron supplements, and providing adequate training for healthcare providers. A successful implementation relies on a strong collaboration between the government, healthcare providers, and community. It is crucial that we acknowledge that high coverage alone is insufficient for solving the issue, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions and a strategic implementation. By adopting a comprehensive approach and addressing the underlying causes of anemia, Indonesia can make significant progress in reducing its prevalence and improving the overall health of its population, particularly among breastfeeding women.
The Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Verduci Elvira , Milanta Chiara , Agostinelli Marta , Bona Federica , Croce Stefania , Valsecchi Chiara , Avanzini Maria Antonietta , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Numerous elements of the Mediterranean diet (MD) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. (2) Methods: We present a narrative review of the potential benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) in mitigating aging-related inflammation (inflamm-aging) associated with childhood obesity. The mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation in obesity are also discussed. A total of 130 papers were included after screening abstracts and full texts. (3) Results: A complex interplay between obesity, chronic inflammation, and related comorbidities is documented. The MD emerges as a promising dietary pattern for mitigating inflammation. Studies suggest that the MD may contribute to weight control, improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with obesity. (4) Conclusions: While evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effects of the MD in pediatric obesity is still evolving, the existing literature underscores its potential as a preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, MD adherence remains low among children and adolescents, necessitating targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary habits. Future high-quality intervention studies are necessary to elucidate the specific impact of the MD on inflammation in diverse pediatric populations with obesity and associated comorbidities.