bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso de mapa mental na percepção sobre água em escolas municipais de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Ho Tatiane Lima , Batista Daniela Biondi , Batista Antonio Carlos , Martini Angeline
Published: March 2023

A sensibilização ambiental, principalmente no que se refere à água, é essencial para a sobrevivência do planeta. Muitas atividades humanas vêm afetando os recursos hídricos, demostrando a necessidade de ações para mudar esse cenário. A educação ambiental com crianças auxilia desde cedo na formação do indivíduo, com informações de como se pode agir de forma diferente a partir de comportamento mais responsável, e, para tal, é necessário verificar qual a percepção delas sobre o ambiente em que vivem. Mapa mental é uma das ferramentas utilizadas para obter informações da percepção do indivíduo a respeito de um determinado tema.  Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção de estudantes de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental de Curitiba, Paraná, por meio de mapas mentais sobre a água, antes e depois uma palestra sobre o tema.  Os mapas foram analisados por meio da contagem dos componentes da representação de uma paisagem elaborada pelos estudantes antes e depois da palestra, dividida em quatro grupos de componentes principais: natural, construído, com presença de humanos e meios de transporte. A avaliação da percepção foi feita por meio da análise estatística não paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Foram avaliados 180 estudantes do 4º e 5º ano do ensino fundamental. Dentre os resultados pode-se destacar   com maior predominância nos desenhos o componente natural que se refere aos ícones específicos água limpa e o céu, tanto antes como depois da palestra. O ícone específico que teve maior incremento pós-palestra foi a floresta, com 27,8%. O componente construído, humano e meio de transporte, tiveram pouca variação entre antes e depois da palestra. Considerando o total de componentes no desenho, houve diferença estatística na quantidade de componentes que os estudantes associaram à água antes e depois da atividade de educação ambiental. A análise por meio de mapas mentais demonstrou ser eficiente, sendo possível notar a percepção que os estudantes tinham sobre a água antes da atividade e o que mudou depois da palestra. Embora seja uma atividade pontual e não-formal, os resultados dessa pesquisa podem auxiliar na escolha de quais pontos podem ser trabalhados com maior atenção para reforçar a educação formal das escolas.
Estimativa de perda de solos por erosão laminar em duas bacias hidrográficas do Oeste Paranaense
Authors: Fronza Fábio Luiz , Rocha Anderson Sandro da , Pletsch Adelmo Lowe
Published: March 2023

Na temática da gestão ambiental, a erosão dos solos é um dos problemas recorrentes, que pressupõe planejar o uso do solo de acordo com as suas potencialidades e limitações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o potencial de erosão laminar (estimativa de perda anual de solo) para a Bacia do Rio São Francisco Falso (BSFF) e Bacia do Rio São Francisco Verdadeiro (BSFV), localizadas na região oeste do Estado do Paraná (Brasil), por meio da espacialização da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), utilizando-se o software QGis, a partir de álgebra de mapas. Também foi elaborada a carta de Tolerância de Perda de Solos (T). A partir da espacialização da EUPS verificou-se que a maior parte da área em estudo (56,58%) concentrou-se em uma faixa de baixa estimativa de perda anual de solo (0 a 2,5 t ha-1 ano-1). Regiões de alta vertente, onde o relevo é menos dissecado e predominam os Latossolos, apresentaram valores menores para estimativa de perda anual de solo (0 a 10,00 t ha-1 ano-1), enquanto que nas regiões de média e baixa vertente, onde há a predominância de solos do tipo Nitossolo e maior dissecação do relevo, verificou-se valores mais elevados (10,00 a 50,00 t ha-1 ano-1 ou > 50,00 t ha-1 ano-1). Frações de 15,68% e 18,27% das áreas das BSFV e BSFF, respectivamente, apresentaram valores de estimativa de perda anual maiores que sua respectiva tolerância de perda.
Los albores del control comercial atlántico: el primer juez oficial de Indias de Canarias (1564-1566).
Authors: Hernández Suárez Sergio
Published: March 2023

The study analyses the creation of the Juzgado de Indias and the problems that arise between the first Official of the new institution, Francisco de Vera, and the Cabildo of La Palma, despite the determination with which the local government defended the establishment of the institution on the island, because it was the monopolistic control of commercial traffic between Canary Islands and America. For this work, we use as primary sources the Acts of the Cabildo de La Palma between 1559 and 1599 and the royal papers included in the Archivo General de Indias.

Nuestra investigación se enmarca en el análisis de los problemas surgidos entre el primer Juez Oficial de Indias de Canarias, Francisco de Vera, y el Cabildo de La Palma, a pesar del empeño con que se defendió por parte del municipio palmero el establecimiento de la institución en la isla, ya que se trataba del control monopolístico del tráfico comercial entre Canarias y América. Para ello, utilizamos como fuentes primarias las Actas del Cabildo de La Palma entre 1559 y 1599 y la documentación referente al Archivo General de Indias.
Un caso exitoso: las acciones frente a una enfermedad epidémica en el Real de Zimapán, 1794.
Authors: González Arredondo Jocelyn Alessandra
Published: March 2023

Real de Zimapán was a focus of attention for the Mexico´s City Protomedicato in late 1793 and early 1794 due to an epidemic outbreak with no clear diagnosis. After several attempts to find a doctor to assist the sick, José Mustelier accepted the task and went to the Real. His medications and the installation of a temporary hospital worked, erradicating the disease in less than three months, benefiting above all the indigenous people of the area who were the most affected due to the conditions of poverty and hard work in the mines. Social and medical Histories are tied in this research showing the difficulties and benefits obtained in an alarm situation and in a specific region.

El Real de Zimapán fue un foco de atención para el Protomedicato de la ciudad de México a finales de 1793 e inicios de 1794 por un brote epidémico que no tenía diagnóstico claro. Tras varios intentos por buscar un facultativo que asistiera la enfermedad, José Mustelier aceptó la tarea y acudió al Real. Sus medicamentos y la instalación de un hospital provisional dieron resultado, erradicando la enfermedad en menos de tres meses, beneficiando sobre todo a los indígenas de la zona quienes fueron los más afectados debido a las condiciones de pobreza y trabajo pesado en las minas. La historia social y la historia de la medicina se empatan en esta investigación mostrando las dificultades y beneficios obtenidos en una situación de alarma y en una región específica.
Dossier. Introducción: Contra la patria: actores realistas en el espacio sur-andino. 1809-1825.
Authors: Davio Marisa , Suyo Ñaupa Helbert J.
Published: March 2023

DOSSIER “AGAINST THE HOMELAND: REALIST ACTORS IN THE SOUTH-ANDEAN SPACE. 1809-1825”.

Introduction.

DOSSIER “CONTRA LA PATRIA: ACTORES REALISTAS EN EL ESPACIO SUR-ANDINO. 1809-1825”.

Introducción.
Un obispo realista en tiempos de guerra: Remigio de la Santa durante la Revolución de La Paz (1809-1810).
Authors: Castro Torres Mario Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Bishop Remigio de la Santa was a royalist prelate who considered that respect and submission to the authorities was part of divine order and that an insurrection was a religious as well as a political matter. He standed out for his intelligence and his active pastoral and administrative role in the dioceses of Panama and La Paz, where he improved the educational, public health and urban and rural facilities because he considered that the responsibility of the Church extended to the political sphere. In 1808, he identified a revolutionary attempt that was dismantled. For his leadership and loyalty, he was arrested on July 16, 1809, in the Revolution of La Paz. He managed to escape to Irupana (Yungas), excommunicated the revolutionaries and organized loyal forces that strategically divided and defeated them. Because of a ruse, the bishop escaped to Cochabamba. He returned to La Paz, fearful of more uprisings. He was unable to differentiate the autonomists (majority) from the independentists (minority).

El obispo Remigio de la Santa fue un prelado realista que consideró que el respeto y sumisión a las autoridades es parte del orden divino y que una insurrección es un asunto tanto religioso como político. Se destacó por su inteligencia y su activo papel pastoral y administrativo en las diócesis de Panamá y La Paz, donde mejoró los ámbitos educativos, de salud pública y de equipamiento urbano y rural, pues consideraba que la responsabilidad de la Iglesia se extendía al ámbito político. En 1808, identificó un intento revolucionario que fue desarticulado. Por su liderazgo y lealtad, fue apresado el 16 de julio de 1809 en la Revolución de La Paz. Escapó a Irupana (Yungas), excomulgó a los revolucionarios y organizó fuerzas leales que los dividieron estratégicamente y los derrotaron. A causa de un ardid, el obispo escapó a Cochabamba. Regresó a La Paz, temeroso de que haya más levantamientos. No logró diferenciar a los autonomistas (mayoritarios) de los independentistas (minoritarios).
¿Sospechoso y enemigo de la causa? El caso del teniente tesorero de Tucumán, 1810-1812.
Authors: Aramendi Bárbara M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, based on the analysis of specific events in which the lieutenant treasurer of San Miguel de Tucumán, Manuel Antonio Pereyra was involved, we intend to investigate the conflictive relationship of this treasury official with other government agencies and members of the army during the revolutionary process and how he adapted to the new context. We ask what interests, perceptions and support he may have had about May´s events, the war, and his expectations of an open ending. The aim is to analyze the behaviour of this crown´ representant in the face of the unprecedented events of May to understand how the members of the Treasury reacted to the process and what place they had to occupy.

En el presente trabajo, a partir del análisis de eventos específicos en los que estuvo involucrado el teniente tesorero de San Miguel de Tucumán, Manuel Antonio Pereyra, nos proponemos indagar sobre la relación conflictiva del oficial de la Hacienda con otros organismos de gobierno y miembros del ejército durante el proceso revolucionario y cómo se adecuó o adaptó al nuevo contexto. Nos preguntamos qué intereses, percepciones y adhesiones pudo llegar a tener ante los acontecimientos de mayo, la guerra que trajo aparejada y sus expectativas frente a un final abierto. El objetivo es analizar el comportamiento del representante de la corona ante los inéditos acontecimientos de mayo para comprender cómo reaccionaron los miembros de la Hacienda frente al proceso y cuál fue el lugar que les tocó ocupar.
Development and Intertester Reliability of a Novel Device to Measure Nonweightbearing Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Authors: Charles James A. , Diot Romain , Houari Camilia , Chuter Vivienne , Pillu Michel , Mcdonough Daniel
Published: March 2023

Background: Ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion is essential to normal gait. Ankle equinus has been implicated in a number of foot and ankle pathologies included Achilles tendonitis, plantar fasciitis, ankle injury, forefoot pain, and foot ulceration. Reliable measurement of ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion, both clinically and in a research setting, is important.

Methods: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the intertester reliability of an innovative device for measuring ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion. A total of 31 (n = 31) participants volunteered to take part in this study. A paired t-test was performed to assess for systematic differences between the mean measures of each rater. Intertester reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and their 95% confidence intervals.

Results: A paired t-test demonstrated that the mean ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly differ between raters. The ankle joint ROM mean for rater 1 was 4.65 SD (3.71) and rater 2 was 4.67 SD (3.91). Intertester reliability for the use of the Dorsi-Meter was excellent and demonstrated a very narrow range of error. The ICC (95%CI) was 0.991 (0.980 to 0.995) the SEM (in degrees) was 0.07, the MDC95, in degrees was 0.19 and 95% LOA, degrees was –1.49 to 1.46.

Conclusions: We found the intertester reliability of the Dorsi-Meter to demonstrate higher levels of intertester reliability compared to previous studies investigating other devices. We reported the MDC values to provide an estimate of the smallest amount of change in the ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion that must be achieved to reflect a true change, outside the error of the test. The Dorsi-Meter has been established as an appropriate reliable device to measure ankle joint dorsiflexion for clinicians and researchers with very small minimal detectable change and limits of agreement.
Effectiveness of Iontophoresis in Treating Plantar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Formosa Cynthia , Thorne Claire Saliba , Gatt Alfred
Published: March 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tap water iontophoresis as a treatment for plantar hyperhidrosis.

Methods: Thirty participants living with idiopathic plantar hyperhidrosis and consented to undergo treatment using iontophoresis were recruited. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Score was used to evaluate the severity of the condition before and after treatment.

Results: Tap water iontophoresis was found to be effective in the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis in the study group (P = .005).

Conclusions: Treatment with iontophoresis led to the reduction of disease severity and improvement of quality of life, and it is a safe, easy-to-use method with minimal side effects. This technique should be considered before the use of systemic or aggressive surgical interventions, which could have potentially more severe side effects.
Periungual Amelanocytic Malignant Melanoma with Osteocartilaginous Differentiation of the Right Hallux: A Case Report
Authors: Leone Enzo , Mirkin Gene , Hao Xingpei
Published: March 2023

Malignant melanoma with osteocartilaginous differentiation is extremely rare. We report a case of periungual osteocartilaginous melanoma (OCM) on the right hallux. A 59-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing mass with drainage on his right great toe after treatment of ingrown toenail and infection 3 months earlier. Physical examination showed a 2.0×1.5×1.0-cm, malodorous, erythematous, dusky, granuloma-like mass along the fibular border of the right hallux. Pathologic evaluation of the excisional biopsy revealed diffuse epithelioid and chondroblastoma-like melanocytes with atypia and pleomorphism in the dermis with strong SOX10 immunostaining. The lesion was diagnosed as osteocartilaginous melanoma. The patient was referred to a surgical oncologist for further treatment. Osteocartilaginous melanoma is a rare variant of malignant melanoma that needs to be differentiated from chondroblastoma and other lesions. Immunostains for SOX10, H3K36M, and SATB2 are helpful for the differential diagnosis.
Epidermal threads reveal the origin of hagfish slime
Authors: Zeng Yu , Plachetzki David C , Nieders Kristen , Campbell Hannah , Cartee Marissa , Pankey M Sabrina , Guillen Kennedy , Fudge Douglas
Published: March 2023

When attacked, hagfishes produce a soft, fibrous defensive slime within a fraction of a second by ejecting mucus and threads into seawater. The rapid setup and remarkable expansion of the slime make it a highly effective and unique form of defense. How this biomaterial evolved is unknown, although circumstantial evidence points to the epidermis as the origin of the thread- and mucus-producing cells in the slime glands. Here, we describe large intracellular threads within a putatively homologous cell type from hagfish epidermis. These epidermal threads averaged ~2 mm in length and ~0.5 μm in diameter. The entire hagfish body is covered by a dense layer of epidermal thread cells, with each square millimeter of skin storing a total of ~96 cm threads. Experimentally induced damage to a hagfish’s skin caused the release of threads, which together with mucus, formed an adhesive epidermal slime that is more fibrous and less dilute than the defensive slime. Transcriptome analysis further suggests that epidermal threads are ancestral to the slime threads, with duplication and diversification of thread genes occurring in parallel with the evolution of slime glands. Our results support an epidermal origin of hagfish slime, which may have been driven by selection for stronger and more voluminous slime.
Cryo-EM structures of an LRRC8 chimera with native functional properties reveal heptameric assembly
Authors: Takahashi Hirohide , Yamada Toshiki , Denton Jerod S , Strange Kevin , Karakas Erkan
Published: March 2023

Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) mediate volume regulatory Cl- and organic solute efflux from vertebrate cells. VRACs are heteromeric assemblies of LRRC8A-E proteins with unknown stoichiometries. Homomeric LRRC8A and LRRC8D channels have a small pore, hexameric structure. However, these channels are either non-functional or exhibit abnormal regulation and pharmacology, limiting their utility for structure-function analyses. We circumvented these limitations by developing novel homomeric LRRC8 chimeric channels with functional properties consistent with those of native VRAC/LRRC8 channels. We demonstrate here that the LRRC8C-LRRC8A(IL125) chimera comprising LRRC8C and 25 amino acids unique to the first intracellular loop (IL1) of LRRC8A has a heptameric structure like that of homologous pannexin channels. Unlike homomeric LRRC8A and LRRC8D channels, heptameric LRRC8C-LRRC8A(IL125) channels have a large-diameter pore similar to that estimated for native VRACs, exhibit normal DCPIB pharmacology, and have higher permeability to large organic anions. Lipid-like densities are located between LRRC8C-LRRC8A(IL125) subunits and occlude the channel pore. Our findings provide new insights into VRAC/LRRC8 channel structure and suggest that lipids may play important roles in channel gating and regulation.
Dating the origin and spread of specialization on human hosts in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Rose Noah H , Badolo Athanase , Sylla Massamba , Akorli Jewelna , Otoo Sampson , Gloria-Soria Andrea , Powell Jeffrey R , White Bradley J , Crawford Jacob E , McBride Carolyn S
Published: March 2023

The globally invasive mosquito subspecies Aedes aegypti aegypti is an effective vector of human arboviruses, in part because it specializes in biting humans and breeding in human habitats. Recent work suggests that specialization first arose as an adaptation to long, hot dry seasons in the West African Sahel, where Ae. aegypti relies on human-stored water for breeding. Here, we use whole-genome cross-coalescent analysis to date the emergence of human-specialist populationsand thus further probe the climate hypothesis. Importantly, we take advantage of the known migration of specialists out of Africa during the Atlantic Slave Trade to calibrate the coalescent clock and thus obtain a more precise estimate of the older evolutionary event than would otherwise be possible. We find that human-specialist mosquitoes diverged rapidly from ecological generalists approximately 5000 years ago, at the end of the African Humid Period—a time when the Sahara dried and water stored by humans became a uniquely stable, aquatic niche in the Sahel. We also use population genomic analyses to date a previously observed influx of human-specialist alleles into major West African cities. The characteristic length of tracts of human-specialist ancestry present on a generalist genetic background in Kumasi and Ouagadougou suggests the change in behavior occurred during rapid urbanization over the last 20–40 years. Taken together, we show that the timing and ecological context of two previously observed shifts towards human biting in Ae. aegypti differ; climate was likely the original driver, but urbanization has become increasingly important in recent decades.
Syncytin-mediated open-ended membrane tubular connections facilitate the intercellular transfer of cargos including Cas9 protein
Authors: Zhang Congyan , Schekman Randy
Published: March 2023

Much attention has been focused on the possibility that cytoplasmic proteins and RNA may be conveyed between cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and tunneling nanotube (TNT) structures. Here, we set up two quantitative delivery reporters to study cargo transfer between cells. We found that EVs are internalized by reporter cells but do not efficiently deliver functional Cas9 protein to the nucleus. In contrast, donor and acceptor cells co-cultured to permit cell contact resulted in a highly effective transfer. Among our tested donor and acceptor cell pairs, HEK293T and MDA-MB-231 recorded optimal intercellular transfer. Depolymerization of F-actin greatly decreased Cas9 transfer, whereas inhibitors of endocytosis or knockdown of genes implicated in this process had little effect on transfer. Imaging results suggest that intercellular transfer of cargos occurred through open-ended membrane tubular connections. In contrast, cultures consisting only of HEK293T cells form close-ended tubular connections ineffective in cargo transfer. Depletion of human endogenous fusogens, syncytins, especially syncytin-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells, significantly reduced Cas9 transfer. Full-length mouse syncytin, but not truncated mutants, rescued the effect of depletion of human syncytins on Cas9 transfer. Mouse syncytin overexpression in HEK293T cells partially facilitated Cas9 transfer among HEK293T cells. These findings suggest that syncytin may serve as the fusogen responsible for the formation of an open-ended connection between cells.
Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention
Authors: Horita Yutaka
Published: March 2023

Paranoid thinking, that others are hostile, can be seen even in the general population. Paranoia is considered the expectation that others are competitors who aim to maximize the differences in payoffs rather than maximize their own payoffs. This study examined whether paranoia reflects the irrational belief that others have a competitive intention and is associated with avoiding perceived competition. We recruited 884 US residents via the Internet and conducted a modified Dictator Game, in which monetary allocation was carried out between the Dictator and the Recipient. The Dictator chooses either fair or competitive allocation while selecting the competitive allocation is irrelevant to increasing the Dictator’s payoffs. The Recipient decides whether to accept the Dictator’s decision or receive sure but low rewards. We found that Recipients with high-level paranoid thinking expected their opponent to select competitive allocation more than those with low levels, even when selecting it was costly for Dictators. Paranoid thinking was not associated with selecting sure rewards or competitive allocations. The results suggest that paranoia reflects the belief that others have a competitive intention but is not related to avoidance behavior against perceived threats and unilateral attacks.
Evaluation of Acute Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on Serum Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin in Male Albino Wistar Rats Treated with Ethanol leaf Extracts of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Mangifera indica
Authors: Essien N. E. , Bobson P. G. M. , Essien U. A. , Archibong I. J. , Effiong J. O.
Published: March 2023

Acute impacts of heavy metal exposure on serum total protein (TP), albumin (AL) and globulin (GL) in male albino Wistar rats treated with ethanol leaf extracts of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Mangifera indica were evaluated. Twenty-five (25) animals (125-250 g) were randomly assigned five groups of five rats each. Groups 1-4 were orally administered with cadmium chloride (30 %) below its LD50, (267 mg/kg) each for three times at 2 days interval before treatment with the plant extracts. Groups 1 and 2 were later treated with 300 mg/kg of T. bangwensis and M. indica respectively. Group 3 was treated with 300 mg/kg combined extracts of the two plants at 50:50 dosage ratio while group 4 and 5 were not treated with the plant extracts and served as positive and normal control respectively. Animals in each group were allowed free access to commercial rat mash and water throughput two weeks of treatment which was done daily via oral route. After the fourteen (14) days experimentation, the results revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum total protein in group 2 and 3 when compared to group 1. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in group 1 compared to the positive and normal controls. Group 2 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 3 and 5. Group 3 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 4 and 5, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) in group 4 compared to group 5. Serum albumin level showed significant increase (P<0.05) in group 1 when compared to group 2 and 3, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to groups 4 and 5. Significant decrease in group 2 (P<0.05) when compared to group 4. Group 4 compared to group 5. Significant increase in serum albumin was revealed in group 4 when compared to group 5. Serum globulin recorded significant decrease (P<0.05) in group 1 compared to group 2 and 3, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group 4 and 5. Group 2 showed significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to groups 4 and 5. Group 3 recorded significant increase (P<0.05) in serum globulin when compared to Group 4, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group 5. The implications of these results are that human should not be exposed to heavy metals to avid toxicity, also if exposed the extracts used could be administered to ameliorate.
On Computational Efficiency of Nine Iterative Algorithms for Hammerstein Equations
Authors: Weli Azubuike , Nwaigwe Chinedu
Published: March 2023

Many fixed point iterative methods have been proposed. Their authors provide, theoretically, the rate of convergence which indicates how much the error changes after one iteration step. Of practical importance are the CPU time required by each method and their accuracy. This has never been investigated. In this work we investigate nine iterative processes and compare their CPU time and accuracy. The schemes are the Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, Argawal, Abbas-Nazir, Thakur, Ullah, and S* methods. By applying a recently proposed fourth order quadrature rule to the integral equation and replacing the analytical operator with the discretized one, the iterative schemes are derived. They are tested on five Hammerstein equations. The results show that (i) all the methods converge to the exact solution at the correct discretization order of convergence, (ii) the Picard scheme is the fastest and also has good accuracy, and (iii) the S* and Abbas-Nazir schemes are the least efficient. It is concluded that for a contractive problem the Picard scheme is sufficient but if the operator is non-expansive, then the Mann scheme is sufficient.
Feedback in Orthodontics Residency Training: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Etim Sylvia S. , Arigbede Abiodun O.
Published: March 2023

Background: Feedback is an integral aspect of medical education necessary to promote better performance and improve self-regulation in learning. It is a two-way process of communication between an observer and the observed.  Presently in Nigeria, there is insufficient information regarding feedback practices in dental residency training.

Objective: To assess the perception of Nigerian dental residents, on the practice of feedback in their training generally; and particularly in Orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:  A survey was carried out among dental residents with clinical experience in orthodontics with a view to assessing their perception of feedback practices in the training. The study instrument was a 24- item structured self- administered questionnaire presented in google form. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results: Ninety-nine participants with a mean age of 33.5+ 8 were involved in the study, Forty-seven (47.5%) admitted to have heard of feedback concept. Out of 23 (23.2%) that received feedback in orthodontics, 15(65.2%) received it sometimes only.  Forty-four participants (44.44%) had offensive feedback. Over half 14(60.9%) of participants that received feedback in orthodontics said the feedback they received met their learning needs. Verbal feedback and one-on-one feedback were preferred by 56(57%) and 51(52%) respondents respectively. Majority considered peer feedback as important and most of the respondents recommended the integration of regular period of individualized, interactive, and constructive feedback into their training.

Conclusion: Generally, the practice of feedback in dental specialty training in Nigeria is unsatisfactory. Less than a quarter of participants received feedback in orthodontics and verbal and one-on-one feedback protocols were preferred.
Spatio-temporal Dynamics of the Aquatic Plant Colonisation of Lake Dang in the Sudano-Guinean Zone (Adamaoua-Cameroon)
Authors: Davy Ali Ahmed , Lionelle Bitom-Mamdem , Tchobsala  , Adamou Ibrahima
Published: March 2023

Very little information exist on lake environment in Northern Cameroon. The objective of this study is to determine the colonisation plant of Lake Dang using field and remote sensing data from LM, Landsat5, Landsat7 and Landsat8 images, over a 45-year period (1975-2020), spaced 15 years apart (1975; 1990; 2005; 2020). The method of diachronic analysis of satellite data was used and the supervised classification approach based on colour compositions and bands were chosen for class discrimination. The overall accuracies obtained ranged from 96.35 to 89.28%, followed by Kappa indices of 74.43 to 90.18% for the years 1975 and 2020 respectively. The results on the spatio-temporal dynamics of water bodies from 1975 to 2020 show an average annual rate of regression of the water surface of -1.35%/year, i.e. 0.099 km2/year, in favour of vegetation. The period from 1987 to 2002 shows a more marked evolution, with a rate of plant colonisation of 1.98%/year, i.e. 0.145 km2/year, compared to the periods from 1975 to 1990 (rate of plant colonisation of 0.85%/year, i.e. 0.062 km2/year) and 2005-2020 (1.23%/year, i.e. 0.090 km2/year). Today, 73% (5.376 km2) of the total surface area (7.365 km2) of the water body is colonised by vegetation. Moreover, bathymetry shows a maximum depth of 2.70 to 2.80 m, which is discriminating for a lake ecosystem in the Sudano-Guinean zone. Consequently, the preliminary results of this study shows that Lake Dang is marked by a strong eutrophication due to anthropic activities caused by agriculture, urbanization and non-rational deforestation which have strongly affected the occupation of the lake banks.
Belly's Palsy with Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis- A Review
Authors: Al-Yasiry Anas , Alyassery Aoss Moez Abed–Alhussian , Al-Jammali Zainab Mahmood , Ali Israa Hussein Ali
Published: March 2023

Bell's Palsy is one of communal disease of effected to seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis of one or two side of the face which occur within (72 hours), the etiology unknown but different causes such as psychological, physical condition, viral infection, ischemia of blood vessels, and autoimmune inflammation. The individuals are more susceptible to effected such as pregnancies, severe preeclampsia, obese persons, hypertensive patients, diabetic mellitus, it suspected for both sex male and female, also occur in all age but increase within ages that very important to determined type of treatments . During the clinical examination, the Bell's Palsy patient suffer from weakness of muscle of the face, wrinkling forehead, hyper-acusis blink, the face became asymmetrical and the lip ruck up, the corner of the mouth move upward, the naso-labial folds obliterated, weakness of buccinator muscles that lead to the food stay in labial, buccal vestibule in upper and lower jaw, half of face drooped causes of expression altered severely occur like mask. The aim of review bring attention for determined the etiology of Bell's Palsy, early diagnosis of disease by clinical examination to reach perfect therapy and acceleration recovery time and decreased complete facial paralysis. Conclusion: the authors conclude that it is important to evaluate the drug act to regenerate the nerve and modify the treatment to get effected drug with little symptom, also modification of physical therapy to accelerate healing. Dental management for this patient by motivation of them to maintain oral hygiene and modification dental treatment to return mastication of food, brushing, whistling and using dental prosthesis to restore facial function. Also help the psychological condition of the patient to get positive energy to withstand the disease and get ride.
Movimento de mulheres negras
Authors: Rosa Carolina Santa
Published: March 2023

A entrevista foi realizada pela associação Informationsgruppe Lateinamerika (IGLA), em Viena, em outubro de 1984, possivelmente em francês. O texto que segue é a tradução para o português da tradução em alemão publicada na revista AUF e carrega consigo uma série de desafios impostos por essa condição.
Occupational Stress in Nutritionists working in the área of colletctive food / Estresse ocupacional em nutricionistas atuantes na área de alimentação coletiva
Authors: Casaes Roberta Soares , Rodrigues Pereira Bárbara , Marcellini Paulo Sérgio , De Araújo Pires Danielle , Voelcker Ade Guilherme , Ametista Carvalho Suete Matos Yoko
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: identificar o nível de estresse ocupacional de nutricionistas atuantes na alimentação coletiva. Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com nutricionistas da área de alimentação coletiva, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário online, auto preenchido pelo voluntário.  Resultados: verificou-se nível moderado e alto de estresse nos nutricionistas estudados. Esses resultados são preocupantes, sendo necessário ações aliadas a programas de prevenção. Os principais estressores são: deficiência nos treinamentos e pouca perspectiva de crescimento na carreira. A variável estresse apresentou associação estatística com as variáves filhos (p=0,0152) e renda mensal (p=0,0387). Conclusão: torna-se fundamental consolidar ações de intervenções visando prevenir e minimizar tal resultado, por meio de ações de orientação no processo de formação ao ingressar na organização bem como no desenvolvimento de habilidades de enfrentamento.
Comprehensive Management of Type 2 Diabetes During Pregnancy
Authors: Valent Amy M. , Caughey Aaron B.
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update discusses a comprehensive approach to treating pregnant patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Thiohalospiraceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.spir.a.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalospira
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalospiraceae,
the
Thiohalospira
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalospirales / Thiohalospiraceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalospiraceae
incorporates aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline habitats. They are moderate to extremely halophilic aerobes utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as the energy source and assimilating CO
2
via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalospirales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single genus
Thiohalospira
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: (65.6–69.1) (
T
m
and genome sequence of the type species).

Type genus
:
Thiohalospira
Sorokin et al. 2008
VP
.
Athalassotoga
Authors: L'Haridon Stéphane , Nesbø Camilla , Farrell Anne , Zhaxybayeva Olga
Published: March 2023

A.tha.las.so.to'ga Gr. pref.
a
‐, not; Gr. fem. n.
thalassa
, sea; L. fem. n.
toga
, Roman outer garment, toga; N.L. fem. n.
Athalassotoga
, a non‐sea, or terrestrial, occurring toga.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Mesoaciditogales / Mesoaciditogaceae / Athalassotoga

The genus
Athalassotoga
is currently composed of one described species,
Athalassotoga saccharophila
. It is a member of the phylum
Thermotogota
, class
Thermotogae
, order
Mesoaciditogales
, family
Mesoaciditogaceae
. It is a
thermophile
,
weakly acidophile,
and grows at salinities between 0% and 0.75% NaCl (optimum 0%). It grows
anaerobically
and
heterotrophically
by fermentation of sugars and proteinaceous compounds. Its growth is stimulated by thiosulfate,
l
‐cystine, and iron (III). The cells are short rods with a sheath‐like structure. Known habitats are acidic terrestrial hot springs.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40.6 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Athalassotoga saccharophila
Itoh et al. 2016
VP
.
Methylohalomonas
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Me.thy.lo.ha.lo.mo'nas; N.L. neut. n.
methylum
, the methyl group; from French masc. n.
méthyle
; from French masc. n.
méthylène
; from Gr. neut. n.
methy
, wine; from Gr. fem. n.
hylê
, wood; N.L. neut. n.
methyl
‐, pertaining to the methyl radical; Gr. masc. n.
hals (
gen
. halos)
, salt; L. fem. n.
monas
, a unit, monad, bacterium; N.L. fem. n.
Methylohalomonas
, methyl‐group‐utilizing, salt‐loving bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylohalomonadales / Methylohalomonadaceae / Methylohalomonas

The genus
Methylohalomonas
accommodates aerobic obligate methylotrophs utilizing only C
1
compounds as the energy and carbon source via tertahydromethanopterin‐dependent formaldehyde oxidation and the serine cycle, respectively. The single known species of this genus is
M. lacus
. It is an extremely salt‐tolerant halophile found in aerobic sediments of hypersaline salt lakes in southwestern Siberia. The genus
Methylohalomonas
was originally classified as a member of the order
Chromatiales
, class
Gammaproteobacteria,
but according to a more advanced phylogenomic taxonomy it forms a new order‐level lineage “
Methylohalomonadales
” containing a novel family “
Methylohalomonadaceae
.”

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 59.4 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methylohalomonas lacus
Sorokin et al. 2007
VP
.
Natronocella
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Na.tro.no.cel'la; N.L. neut. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n. natrun or natron), soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref.
natrono
‐, pertaining to soda; L. fem. n.
cella
, a room, a cell in biology; N.L. fem. n.
Natronocella
, a soda‐loving cell.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Nitrococcales / Aquisalimonadaceae / Natronocella

The genus
Natronocella
comprise aerobic heterotrophs that utilizes short‐chain nitriles and their corresponding fatty acids and amides as energy, carbon, and nitrogen sources.
Natronocella
is a moderately salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent obligate alkaliphile inhabiting soda lakes in Central Asia. The genus currently includes a single species
N. acetinitrilica
. It was originally classified as a member of the family
Ectothiorhodospiraceae
, order
Chromatiales
, class
Gammaproteobacteria
, but more recent phylogenomic analyses classify it in the proposed order “
Nitrococcales
” and family “
Aquisalimonadaceae
.”

DNA G + C content (%)
: 63.0 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Natronocella acetinitrilica
Sorokin et al. 2007, VL116.
Thiohalomonadales ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.mo.nad.al'es N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalomonas
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalomonadales,
the order of the genus
Thiohalomonas
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalomonadales ord. nov.

The order
Thiohalomonadales
includes chemolithoautotrophic bacteria utilizing various reduced inorganic sulfur compounds as energy source and either oxygen or NO
x
as the electron acceptors. CO
2
is assimilated via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The order is a deeply branching member of the
Gammaproteobacteria
and currently comprises families
Thiohalomonadaceae
and
Thiohalophilaceae
. The order‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on 120 single‐copy conserved protein markers.

Type genus
:
Thiohalomonas
Sorokin et al. 2007a
VP
.
AAPM task group report 275.S: Survey strategy and results on plan review and chart check practices in US and Canada
Authors: Schofield Deborah L. , Conroy Leigh , Harmsen William S. , Johnson Jennifer L. , Wells Michelle C. , Dong Lei , Fong de los Santos Luis E.
Published: March 2023

Background

AAPM Task Group (TG) 275 was charged with developing practical, evidence‐based recommendations for physics plan and chart review clinical processes for radiation therapy. As part of this charge, and to characterize practices and clinical processes, a survey of the medical physics community was developed and conducted. Detailed analyses and trends based on the survey that exceeded TG report length constraints are presented herein.

Aims

The design, development, and detailed results of the TG‐ 275 survey as well as statistical analysis and trends are described in detail. This is complementary material to the TG 275 report.

Methods and materials

The survey consisted of 100 multiple‐choice questions divided into four main sections: 1) Demographics, 2) Initial Plan Check, 3) On‐Treatment, and 4) End‐of‐Treatment Chart Check. The survey was released to all AAPM members who self‐reported working in the radiation oncology field, and it was kept open for 7 weeks. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. To study practice differences, tests of association were performed using data grouped by four demographic questions: 1) Institution Type, 2) Average number of patients treated daily, 3) Radiation Oncology Electronic Medical Record, and 4) Perceived Culture of Safety.

Results

The survey captured 1370 non‐duplicate entries from the United States and Canada. Differences across practices were grouped and presented based on Process‐Based and Check‐Specific questions. A risk‐based summary was created to show differences amongst the four demographic questions for checks associated with the highest risk failure modes identified by TG‐275.

Conclusion

The TG‐275 survey captured a baseline of practices on initial plan, on‐treatment, and end‐of‐treatment checks across a wide variety of clinics and institutions. The results of test of association showed practice heterogeneities as a function of demographic characteristics. Survey data were successfully used to inform TG‐275 recommendations.
Stable Graphene Membranes for Selective Ion Transport and Emerging Contaminants Removal in Water
Authors: Sankar Siva Nemala , Fernandes João , dos Santos Marília Barreiros , Espiña Begoña , Alpuim Pedro , Díez Ander García , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Saini Lalita , Kaushik Suvigya , Kalon Gopinadhan , Capasso Andrea
Published: March 2023

Carbon‐based materials, such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide membranes have been recently used to fabricate ultrathin, high‐flux, and energy‐efficient membranes for ionic and molecular sieving in aqueous solution. However, these membranes appeared rather unstable during long‐term operation in water with a tendency to swell over time. Membranes produced from pristine, stable, layered graphene materials may overcome these limitations while providing high‐level performance. In this paper, an efficient and “green” strategy is proposed to fabricate µm‐thick, graphene‐based laminates by liquid phase exfoliation in Cyrene and vacuum filtration on a PVDF support. The membranes appear structurally robust and mechanically stable, even after 90 days of operation in water. In ion transport studies, the membranes show size selection (>3.3 Å) and anion‐selectivity via the positively charged nanochannels forming the graphene laminate. In antibiotic (tetracycline) diffusion studies under dynamic conditions, the membrane achieve rejection rates higher than 95%. Sizable antibacterial properties are demonstrated in contact method tests with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, these “green” graphene‐based membranes represent a viable option for future water management applications.
Atomic Lattice Resolved Electron Tomography of a 3D Self‐Assembled Mesocrystal
Authors: Chu Xiaolei , Abelson Alex , Qian Caroline , Igouchkine Oleg , Field Ethan , Ma Kwan‐Liu , Law Matt , Moule Adam J.
Published: March 2023

Complex 3D architectures of nanoscale building blocks can be created by self‐assembly, but characterization of the atomic to mesoscale structure of such materials is limited by the difficulty of visualizing atoms across multiple length scales. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and full‐tilt tomographic reconstruction are used to image a single‐crystalline region of a 3D epitaxially‐fused PbSe quantum dot (QD) superlattice containing 633 QDs at a spatial resolution of 2.16 Å. The combined real‐space and reciprocal‐space analysis enables 3D mesoscale correlations of atomic lattice and superlattice order across hundreds of nanocrystals in 3D for the first time. Inhomogeneity in QD positional and orientational order reveals that the QD surface layers template the superlattice and that orientational entropy is higher in the interior layers than the surface layers. The measurement and analysis techniques presented here are applicable to a broad range of 3D nanostructured materials.
Tunable Mesoscopic Collagen Island Architectures Modulate Stem Cell Behavior
Authors: Nguyen Ryan Y. , Cabral Aidan T. , Rossello‐Martinez Alejandro , Zulli Alessandro , Gong Xiangyu , Zhang Qiuting , Yan Jing , Mak Michael
Published: March 2023

The extracellular matrix is the biophysical environment that scaffolds mammalian cells in the body. The main constituent is collagen. In physiological tissues, collagen network topology is diverse with complex mesoscopic features. While studies have explored the roles of collagen density and stiffness, the impact of complex architectures remains not well‐understood. Developing in vitro systems that recapitulate these diverse collagen architectures is critical for understanding physiologically relevant cell behaviors. Here, methods are developed to induce the formation of heterogeneous mesoscopic architectures, referred to as collagen islands, in collagen hydrogels. These island‐containing gels have highly tunable inclusions and mechanical properties. Although these gels are globally soft, there is regional enrichment in the collagen concentration at the cell‐scale. Collagen‐island architectures are utilized to study mesenchymal stem cell behavior, and it is demonstrated that cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are altered. Finally, induced pluripotent stem cells are cultured in island‐containing gels, and it is shown that the architecture is sufficient to induce mesodermal differentiation. Overall, this work highlights complex mesoscopic tissue architectures as bioactive cues in regulating cell behavior and presents a novel collagen‐based hydrogel that captures these features for tissue engineering applications.