bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hop Testing Lacks Strong Association With Key Outcome Variables After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Losciale Justin M. , Bullock Garrett , Cromwell Christina , Ledbetter Leila , Pietrosimone Laura , Sell Timothy C.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Single-legged hop tests are commonly used assessments in return to sport (RTS) testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although these tests are commonly used, their predictive validity has not yet been established.

Purpose:

To determine the strength of association between hop testing and RTS, knee reinjury, subjective report of knee function, and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) after primary ACLR. Secondarily, to determine whether hop testing is able to predict a favorable result on the same outcome variables.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic, computer-assisted literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed when conducting and reporting this review. Primary outcome variables for this review were self-report of knee function, return to preinjury level of activity, presence of reinjury, and presence of PTOA. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence tool was used to assess the level of evidence for each included study. Quality assessment of each included study was performed through use of a modified Downs and Black scale. Available metrics were tabulated based on outcome variables.

Results:

Overall, 21 studies (4476 patients) met inclusion for this review. The majority of evidence (95.2%) was of moderate to high methodologic quality. The most commonly associated outcome measure was the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.20 to 0.60. The strength of association between the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and hop testing ranged from −0.10 to 0.62 in 4 studies. In all, 10 studies examined the relationship between hop testing and RTS, with variable association statistics reported. No meaningful association was found between hop testing and knee reinjury in 2 studies. Worse preoperative hop testing was associated with PTOA in 1 study.

Conclusion:

Hop testing appears to possess fair association to subjective report of knee function measured by the KOOS and IKDC and a patient’s ability to RTS after ACLR. Insufficient evidence is available to determine the relationship between hop testing and PTOA and knee reinjury. Predictive validity cannot be established based on available literature.
Latent stem cell-stimulating therapy for regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations using IGFBP2-releasing chitosan patch scaffolds
Authors: Seonwoo Hoon , Kim Seung Won , Shin Beomyong , Jang Kyoung-Je , Lee Myungchul , Choo Oak-Sung , Choi Mi-Jin , Kim Jangho , Lim Ki-Taek , Jang Jeong Hun , Chung Jong Hoon , Choung Yun-Hoon
Published: May 2019

Chronic tympanic membrane perforation is a tubotympanic disease caused by traumatic or inflammatory factors. To date, numerous therapeutic methods have been used to heal tympanic membrane perforations. However, stem cell-based therapies have been used only rarely for the regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations, because tympanic membrane is always exposed to the external environment. Therefore, the use of latent stem cells to treat the tympanic membrane may be possible for the regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations. In the present study, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), a cytokine known for stimulating latent epidermal stem cells, was incorporated into chitosan patch scaffolds (CPSs). The IGFBP2-incorporated CPSs (IGFBP-CPSs) were applied to chronic tympanic membrane perforations as a novel therapeutic strategy and stem cell stimulation technique. The IGFBP-CPSs were successfully fabricated and their morphological and mechanical properties evaluated. We conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the release of IGFBP2, as well as analyses of cell viability and wound healing. In rats with chronic tympanic membrane perforations, we found that the IGFBP-CPSs group had a higher success rate (43.8%) than the spontaneous healing group (20.8%). Histological analysis showed that IGFBP-CPSs successfully regenerated tympanic membrane tissues. This stem cell-based method may therefore be a novel and useful therapy for the regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations.
Clinical Manifestations and Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease-Related Multiple Cerebral Infarcts
Authors: Sun Li-Li , Tang Wen-Xiong , Tian Min , Zhang Lu , Liu Zun-Jing
Published: May 2019

It is important to investigate the clinical characteristics and identify the stroke mechanisms of patients with autoimmune disease-related stroke, which are necessary for early etiology diagnosis, accurate treatment and preventive strategies. In this article we retrospectively studied eight cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with autoimmune diseases, and without competing conventional stroke etiologies. The characteristics of stroke (clinical and radiological features), the laboratory tests especially serum D-dimer levels (as a marker of hypercoagulable state), and embolic signals on transcranial Doppler were evaluated for all eight patients. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI), which can help to evaluate vasculitis was performed in four patients. The possible underlying mechanisms of these cases were discussed based on these manifestations. As a result, autoimmune diseases in our study included systemic lupus erythematosus ( n=5), mixed connective tissue disease ( n=1), central nervous system vasculitis ( n=1), and Takayasu arteritis ( n=1). All eight patients presented with acute infarction lesions in ≥2 vascular territories. Most patients presented with numerous small and medium infarction lesions located in the cortical and subcortical areas. Multiple stroke mechanisms were involved in these cases, including hypercoagulability ( n=4), cardiac embolism ( n=1) and vasculitis ( n=3). Embolic signals could be detected on transcranial Doppler in all three stroke mechanisms. In conclusion, our study revealed the characteristics of autoimmune disease-related stroke. For patients with multiple acute cerebral infarcts within non-single arterial territories, autoimmune disease is an important etiology not to be neglected. Multiple stroke mechanisms were involved in these cases.
The Hayne Royal Commission and financial sector misbehaviour: Lasting change or temporary fix?
Authors: Davis Kevin
Published: May 2019

The Hayne Royal Commission into Australian financial sector misbehaviour reported in February 2019. It is, however, unlikely to provide a lasting solution to problems of financial sector misbehaviour. It has identified a number of types of misbehaviour, their ‘proximate causes’ and recommended solutions to those. But, reflecting its limited mandate and limited time, it was unable to investigate the complex question of whether there are more deep-seated, fundamental issues driving financial sector misconduct, both in Australia and globally. This article argues that there are, and that consequently the benefits from the Royal Commission will be relatively short-lived, with misconduct likely to resurface, albeit in different guises.

JEL Codes: G20, G28, K40
Mental health courts: Providing access to justice for people with mental illness and cognitive impairments
Authors: Richardson Liz
Published: May 2019

Mental health courts have been established in four Australian jurisdictions to provide a targeted response to people with mental illness and cognitive impairments coming through the courts. This article provides an up-to-date overview of Australian mental health courts, discusses the evidence base underpinning them and identifies three important emerging directions for their future operation. These are the need for a contextualised understanding of the relationship between mental illness and offending, the importance of trauma-informed approaches and the role that peer support workers can play in mental health courts.
Family-Centered Applied Behavior Analysis for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Antill Kendra
Published: May 2019

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) services can improve the quality of life for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, not all children receive services based in ABA. The disconnect between available services and accessing services may be the result of families experiencing barriers. Online parent training addresses many of these barriers by connecting families with service providers that they otherwise would not have access to. Furthermore, this approach allows for a family centered approach that empowers parents. A combination of parent training modules and video conferencing sessions allow parents to learn techniques and try them out with the support of a service provider. This article provides service providers with guidelines and suggestions for developing and providing services online.
Damage effect on experimental modal parameters of haunch strengthened concrete-encased composite column–beam connections
Authors: Nasery Mohammad Manzoor , Hüsem Metin , Okur Fatih Yesevi , Altunişik Ahmet Can
Published: May 2019

This paper presents an experimental study about the effects of damage on modal parameters of haunch strengthened composite column–steel beam connections. Five specimens having various composite column and steel beam connection details were constructed in order to be examined in laboratory condition. Non-destructive experimental measurements were conducted to extract the modal parameters using frequency and time domain methods before and after damage conditions. Quasi-static cyclic tests were performed to assess the damaged conditions in connection zones of the test specimens. At the end of the study, it is observed distinctly that there is a decreasing trend in natural frequencies with damages. Also, no compliance is observed between mode shapes pre- and post-cycling loading tests. The biggest dissimilarities concerning natural frequencies were determined among 26.57% and 36.54%. The value for modal assurance criterion was 1.0 for undamaged condition. However, in post-damaged situation, the mode shapes have changed and modal assurance criterion values nearly approached zero. Finally, experimentally obtained damping ratios have been analyzed. The outcome of the study has shown some dissimilarity and that the values are not being correlated constructively. Despite the fact that the results are consistent with the available literature, it is assumed that these dissimilarities point to the fact that higher levels of excitation might be need to precisely record the damping ratios.
Nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of functionally graded nanocomposite cylindrical panel reinforced by carbon nanotubes in thermal environment
Authors: Khoa Nguyen Dinh , Anh Vu Minh , Duc Nguyen Dinh
Published: May 2019

This paper investigated the nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite cylindrical panels with the support elastic foundations subjected to mechanical, thermal, and damping loads based on Reddy’s higher order shear deformation shell theory. The cylindrical panel is reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes which are graded through the panel thickness according to the different linear functions. The effective material properties of the panel are assumed to depend on temperature and estimated through the rule of mixture. The nonlinear dynamic response and natural frequency for functionally graded carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite cylindrical panel are determined by applying the Galerkin method and fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. In numerical results, the effects of geometrical parameters, temperature increment, nanotube volume fraction, elastic foundations, and types of carbon nanotubes distributions on the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite cylindrical panel are studied and discussed in detail. The present theory and approach are validated by comparing with those in the literature.
From moral ambivalence to differential congruence: Understanding transnational sexuality using cultural schemas
Authors: Ghosh Apoorva
Published: May 2019

Through in-depth interviews, this study aimed to show how lesbians and gay men in India may construct their sexuality as a result of being globally connected through accessing “transnational pathways," such as the global mass media, diasporic experiences, and transnational workplaces. This study indicates that these pathways aid the interaction between externally derived sexual schemas and pre-existing sexual schemas, which may in turn lead to a configuration of “differential congruence” whereby competing sexual schemas may coexist rather than fuse or replace each other in an individual’s life, albeit in different spheres.
Maurice Berman prize for clinical excellence 2018
Authors: Hodge Trevor M
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of the three cases awarded the 2018 Maurice Berman Prize. The award is made on the basis of case complexity, case-mix variety, quality of treatment provided and results obtained, and the quality and format of the three case reports submitted through to post-treatment records.
Contrasting tactical and strategic dynamics on a Clausewitz landscape
Authors: Wallace Rodrick
Published: May 2019

Statistical models based on the asymptotic limit theorems of control and information theories allow formal examination of the essential differences between short-time “tactical” confrontations and a long-term “strategic” conflict dominated by evolutionary process. The world of extended coevolutionary conflict is not the world of sequential “muddling through.” The existential strategic challenge is to take cognitive control of a long-term dynamic in which one may, in fact, be “losing” most short-term confrontations. Winning individual battles can be a relatively direct, if not simple or easy, matter of sufficient local resources, training, and resolve. Winning extended conflicts is not direct, and requires management of subtle coevolutionary phenomena subject to a dismaying punctuated equilibrium more familiar from evolutionary theory than military doctrine. Directed evolution has given us the agricultural base needed for large-scale human organization. Directed coevolution of the inevitable conflicts between the various segments of that organization may be needed for its long-term persistence.
Joint torque control of flexible joint robots based on sliding mode technique
Authors: Xiong Gen-Liang , Chen Hai-Chu , Shi Jing-Xin , Liang Fa-Yun
Published: May 2019

For robots with flexible joints, the joint torque dynamics makes it difficult to control. An effective solution is to carry out a joint torque controller with fast enough dynamic response. This article is dedicated to design such a torque controller based on sliding mode technique. Three joint torque control approaches are proposed: (1) The proportional-derivative (PD)-type controller has some degree of robustness by properly selecting the control gains. (2) The direct sliding mode control approach which fully utilizes the physical properties of electric motors. (3) The sliding mode estimator approach was proposed to compensate the parameter uncertainties and the external disturbances of the joint torque system. These three joint torque controllers are tested and verified by the simulation studies with different reference torque trajectories and under different joint stiffness.
Arterio-VENouS Intra Subject agreement for blood gases within intensive care: The AVENSIS study
Authors: Nanjayya Vinodh B , McCracken Phoebe , Vallance Shirley , Board Jasmin , Kelly Patrick J , Schneider Hans G , Pilcher David , Garner Daniel J
Published: May 2019

Background

In critically ill patients, who require multiple blood gas assessments, agreement between arterial and venous blood gas values for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, is not clear. Good agreement would mean that venous values could be used to assess ventilation and metabolic status of patients in intensive care unit.

Methods

All adult patients admitted to Alfred intensive care unit, Melbourne, from February 2013 to January 2014, who were likely to have arterial and central venous lines for three days, were enrolled. Patients on extra-corporeal life support and pregnant women were excluded. After enrolment, near simultaneous arterial and central venous sampling and analysis were performed at least once per nursing shift till the lines were removed or the patient died. Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures was performed to assess the agreement between arterio-venous pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Results

A total of 394 paired blood gas analyses were performed from 59 participants. The median (IQR) number of samples per patient was 6 (5–9) with the median (IQR) sampling interval 9.4 (5.2–18.5) h. The mean bias for pH was  + 0.036 with 95% limits of agreement ranging from − 0.005 to + 0.078. For partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the values were −2.58 and −10.43 to + 5.27 mmHg, respectively.

Conclusions

The arterio-venous agreement for pH in intensive care unit patients appears to be acceptable. However, the agreement for partial pressure of carbon dioxide was poor.
Diabetes in end of life care
Authors: Maslen Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Patients approaching the end of their lives and who have diabetes have a unique set of care needs. For patients entering their final days, a diagnosis of diabetes can raise difficult questions, exacerbate symptoms, and be an additional stress for individuals and their carers. This article aims to help readers improve the care of people with diabetes right up to their death, and summarises new guidance from Diabetes UK that offers medical practitioners support when making decisions related to diabetes management.
Management of Clostridioides difficile colitis: insights for the gastroenterologist
Authors: Saha Srishti , Khanna Sahil
Published: May 2019

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of diarrhea in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The last few years have seen major changes in the treatment spectrum of CDI, most notably, recommendations against using metronidazole for initial CDI, the addition of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab, and emergence of microbial replacement therapies. Several other therapies are undergoing clinical trials. This narrative review focuses on the treatment of CDI with a summary of literature on the newer modalities and the treatment guidelines issued by Infectious Diseases Society of America and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
On the Complexity of Visual Judgement of Kinship
Authors: Brodo Linda , Grosso Enrico
Published: May 2019

Discrimination of close relatives is a basic ability of humans, with demonstrated and important consequences in social and sexual behaviours. In this article, we investigate the visual judgement of kinship, that is the process of discriminating relatives based on visual cues and, in particular, on facial resemblance. Starting from triplets of face stimuli, we focus on a simple two-alternative forced choice protocol and we ask participants to evaluate kinship, similarity, or dissimilarity. Response times of the participants performing these visual judgements are recorded and further analysed. The analysis can also benefit from previous findings on the adopted face data set; in particular, results are compared with reference to an independently generated and statistically reliable similarity index, which is available for each possible considered pair of images. Our results confirm previous findings stating that kinship and similarity judgements are closely related and take longer, on average, than dissimilarity judgement. Moreover, they confirm that similarity and dissimilarity cannot be considered just as opposite concepts, and strongly support the existence of different pathways for similarity and dissimilarity judgements. Concerning kinship judgements, results confirm the assumption, inherent in previous models, of a close relationship between cues signalling for kinship and cues signalling for similarity but suggest the existence of a more complex process, where dissimilarity cues need to be explicitly included in order to model measured effects. Our results reinforce the idea that modulation mechanisms between similarity and dissimilarity measures could explain selective suppression or enhancement effects reported in previous works. A new framework is thus proposed hypothesising that kinship recognition is the result of a balanced evaluation of both similar or dissimilar pathways.
Potential Stressors of Undocumented Latinx Youth: Implications and Recommendations for School Counselors
Authors: Talleyrand Regine M. , Vojtech Jennifer Thanh-Giang
Published: May 2019

The immigration process for undocumented youth often results in multiple academic, personal, and career stressors including experiences of trauma, loss, language barriers, and limited postsecondary schooling or work options. Further, the ongoing political debate regarding immigration may exacerbate these stressors for undocumented youth living in the United States. We address potential stressors of undocumented Latinx youth, provide school counseling implications and recommendations for this underrepresented population, and include an illustrative case study.
Composition in the Ensemble Classroom: Ideas From Eight Researcher-Designed Methods
Authors: Taft Seth A.
Published: May 2019

Composition is a natural human activity that can both support other music instruction and help students develop creativity that is applicable to their extramusical endeavors. It also constitutes a major strand within national and state music standards. However, it is not consistently taught in ensemble classrooms, which are often students’ only form of music education past elementary school. In this article, I briefly summarize arguments in favor of composition instruction, then describe and analyze eight composition units and activities developed by researchers for use in the ensemble classroom. I conclude the article with a synthesis of the implications of the methods, along with other research on composition, into eight key ideas to help ensemble directors implement composition instruction in their classrooms. This article serves as a starting point for ensemble directors hoping to implement composition while also directing them to several other resources they might use.
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Hull Alastair M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Findings from neuroimaging studies complement our understanding of the wide-ranging neurobiological changes in trauma survivors who develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Aims

To determine whether neuroimaging studies had identified structural and functional changes specific to PTSD.

Method

A review of all functional and structural neuroimaging studies of subjects with PTSD was carried out. Studies were identified using general medical and specific traumatic stress databases and paper searches of current contents and other secondary sources.

Results

The most replicated structural finding is hippocampal volume reduction, which may limitthe proper evaluation and categorisation of experience. Replicated localised functional changes include increased activation ofthe amygdala after symptom provocation (which may reflect its role in emotional memory) and decreased activity of Broca's area at the same time (which may explain the difficulty patients have in labelling their experiences).

Conclusions

Evidence from neuroimaging studies has suggested areas ofthe brain that may be damaged by psychological trauma. The clinical implications ofthese neuroimaging findings need to be investigated further because they challenge traditional therapeutic approaches.
Disruption of asxl1 results in myeloproliferative neoplasms in zebrafish
Authors: Gjini Evisa , Jing Chang-Bin , Nguyen Ashley T. , Reyon Deepak , Gans Emma , Kesarsing Michiel , Peterson Joshua , Pozdnyakova Olga , Rodig Scott J. , Mansour Marc R. , Joung Keith , Look A. Thomas
Published: May 2019

Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the additional sex combs-like transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1) gene are common genetic abnormalities in human myeloid malignancies and induce clonal expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To understand how ASXL1 disruption leads to myeloid cell transformation, we generated asxl1 haploinsufficient and null zebrafish lines using genome-editing technology. Here, we show that homozygous loss of asxl1 leads to apoptosis of newly formed HSCs. Apoptosis occurred via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated by upregulation of bim and bid. Half of the asxl1+/− zebrafish had myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) by 5 months of age. Heterozygous loss of asxl1 combined with heterozygous loss of tet2 led to a more penetrant MPN phenotype, while heterozygous loss of asxl1 combined with complete loss of tet2 led to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These findings support the use of asxl1+/− zebrafish as a strategy to identify small-molecule drugs to suppress the growth of asxl1 mutant but not wild-type HSCs in individuals with somatically acquired inactivating mutations of ASXL1.
Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns
Authors: Brommage Robert , Powell David R. , Vogel Peter
Published: May 2019

Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied ‘ignorome’ genes.
Mandibular dysmorphology due to abnormal embryonic osteogenesis in FGFR2-related craniosynostosis mice
Authors: Motch Perrine Susan M. , Wu Meng , Stephens Nicholas B. , Kriti Divya , van Bakel Harm , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Richtsmeier Joan T.
Published: May 2019

One diagnostic feature of craniosynostosis syndromes is mandibular dysgenesis. Using three mouse models of Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer craniosynostosis syndromes, we investigated how embryonic development of the mandible is affected by fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) mutations. Quantitative analysis of skeletal form at birth revealed differences in mandibular morphology between mice carrying Fgfr2 mutations and their littermates that do not carry the mutations. Murine embryos with the mutations associated with Apert syndrome in humans (Fgfr2+/S252W and Fgfr2+/P253R) showed an increase in the size of the osteogenic anlagen and Meckel's cartilage (MC). Changes in the microarchitecture and mineralization of the developing mandible were visualized using histological staining. The mechanism for mandibular dysgenesis in the Apert Fgfr2+/S252W mouse resulting in the most severe phenotypic effects was further analyzed in detail and found to occur to a lesser degree in the other craniosynostosis mouse models. Laser capture microdissection and RNA-seq analysis revealed transcriptomic changes in mandibular bone at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), highlighting increased expression of genes related to osteoclast differentiation and dysregulated genes active in bone mineralization. Increased osteoclastic activity was corroborated by TRAP assay and in situ hybridization of Csf1r and Itgb3. Upregulated expression of Enpp1 and Ank was validated in the mandible of Fgfr2+/S252W embryos, and found to result in elevated inorganic pyrophosphate concentration. Increased proliferation of osteoblasts in the mandible and chondrocytes forming MC was identified in Fgfr2+/S252W embryos at E12.5. These findings provide evidence that FGFR2 gain-of-function mutations differentially affect cartilage formation and intramembranous ossification of dermal bone, contributing to mandibular dysmorphogenesis in craniosynostosis syndromes.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Evaluation of quality of life among dental students using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Al-Shibani Nouf , Al-Kattan Reem
Published: May 2019

Objective: The objective was to use modified version of WHOQOL-BREF to assess the wellbeing and QOL of dental students of King Saud University based on four major domains.

Methods: The questionnaire related to the survey was distributed to all dental students (N= 782) who were enrolled from 1st year to 5th year in College of Dentistry, King Saud University in the fall of 2018. The questionnaire comprised of four domains having different set of questions i.e. Physical domain, Psychological domain, Environmental domain and Social relationship domain. Two stand-alone questions related to (Overall Quality of life and Satisfaction with health) were also part of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare the means of the four domains and chi-square. Chi-square test was used to find association of demographic characteristics with four domains and two stand-alone questions.

Results: The overall quality of life and satisfaction with health of the dental students was found to be satisfactorily favorable with environmental domain and moderately favorable with social relationship and physical health domains. Physical health domain with psychological domain was statistically significant (p-value <0.001) whereas physical health domain with social relationship and environmental domain was also found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Respondents, who highly rated their overall quality of life and satisfaction with health, had higher domain scores.

Conclusion: In the present study, overall quality of life and satisfaction with health of dental students in King Saud University was found to be satisfactorily favorable.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.213

How to cite this:Al-Shibani N, Al-Kattan R. Evaluation of quality of life among dental students using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):668-673. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.213

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
External hemorrhoidal disease in child and teenage: Clinical presentations and risk factors
Authors: Yıldız Turan , Aydın Dilek Bingol , İlce Zekeriya , Yucak Aysel , Karaaslan Erol
Published: May 2019

Objective: Hemorrhoidal disease (HD), though mostly seen in adults, has recently emerged as a common problem among children. However, the diagnosis and treatment of HD in children is mostly based on the data obtained in adult studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities in the children diagnosed with external HD.

Methods: The study was conducted at Sakarya University Medical School Pediatric Surgery Department between January 2012 and July 2018. We reviewed children who were diagnosed as having HD at Pediatric Surgery clinic. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, risk factors, and treatment outcomes were evaluated for each patient.

Results: The study included 56 patients with a mean age of 140.8±45.2 months. The patients comprised 48 (85.7%) boys and 8 (14.3%) girls. Constipation and a positive family history were the most common risk factor (n=33; 58.9%, n=29; 51.8%, respectively). Conservative treatment was performed in 53 (94.6%) patients. Recurrence was observed in 5 (8.9%) and skin tag was detected in 6 (10.7%) patients.

Conclusions: External HD mostly occurs in boys in their second decade of life. Positive family history and constipation were the most common risk factors in our patients. Conservative treatment is sufficient for the management of external HD in children because of its low recurrence rates.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.442

How to cite this:Yildiz T, Aydin DB, Ilce Z, Yucak A, Karaaslan E. External hemorrhoidal disease in child and teenage: Clinical presentations and risk factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):696-700. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.442

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Safeguarding from the Sharks: Board Representation in Minority Equity Partnerships
Authors: Devarakonda Shivaram V. , Reuer Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2019

We study minority equity partnerships and the representation of investing firms on the boards of directors of their partners. In such alliances, an investor firm owns a minority position in the investee partner and may or may not secure a board seat. Prior alliance governance research has largely focused on the choice between equity and nonequity forms of alliances, and it has paid little attention to the particular administrative features of these organizational forms, notably their governing boards. We extend corporate governance research that has emphasized the monitoring and advisory roles of boards by examining how an investee's concerns about knowledge misappropriation can reduce the likelihood that an investor obtains board representation. We suggest that, although there exist opportunities for an investee to benefit from the investor’s advice, the investor's ability to use an investee's knowledge by itself and indirectly with the help of its other partners negatively affects the likelihood of a board seat for the investor. We further argue that this negative effect is amplified when the investee has particularly valuable technologies at risk of appropriation by the investor. Our evidence from minority equity partnerships in the biopharmaceutical industry indicates why and when investors do not obtain board seats, despite the monitoring and advisory benefits that directors can bring to cooperative commercialization agreements.
Editorial
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Mendes Deise Maria Fernandes , Valentim Renata Patrícia Forain de , Barros Rita Maria Manso de
Published: May 2019

Adriana Benevides Soares, Alexandra Cleopatre Tsallis, Deise Maria Fernandes Mendes, Marcia Moraes, Renata Patrícia Forain de Valentim, Rita Maria Manso de Barros
PROMOVE-Crianças: efeitos de um treino em habilidades sociais para crianças com problemas de comportamento
Authors: Falcão Alessandra Pereira , Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini , Magri Natália , Moretto Laísa Aparecida
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção em grupo com crianças para promover habilidades sociais infantis e reduzir problemas de comportamento. Os participantes foram sete crianças: duas meninas e cinco meninos, com idades entre 7 e 9 anos, que frequentavam o segundo ano do ensino fundamental. Foram diagnosticados como clínicas para problemas de comportamento, através dos instrumentos CBCL e TRF respondidos por pais e professores respectivamente, antes e após a intervenção, em quatro fases: linha de base; pré-teste; pós-teste e seguimento, como medida de resultado. A intervenção constou de oito sessões em que foram ensinadas habilidades sociais. Como medida de processo foram analisadas as filmagens de todas as sessões, organizadas em iniciais, intermediárias e finais. Os problemas de comportamento mantiveram-se em baixa frequência, durante toda a intervenção, e as habilidades aumentaram de frequência. A partir do CBCL e TRF pode-se verificar diferença estatística significativa quanto aos comportamentos externalizantes nas medidas de pré e pós-teste. O procedimento foi capaz de ensinar habilidades sociais que mudaram estatisticamente quando comparadas as fases inicial-intermediária e intermediária-final.
Denial of pregnancy: a literature review and case report in Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Thomás Gomes
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta o primeiro relato de caso oriundo da América Latina sobre o fenômeno da negação da gravidez, situação a qual uma mulher descobre a própria gestação tardiamente ou em alguns casos, somente na hora do parto. O relato de caso apresentado diz respeito a uma jovem que passou nove meses sem saber que estava grávida. Tal experiência é discutida à luz da literatura científica sobre o fenômeno.
Estudios sobre violencia en la familia: los temas recurrentes, en cuatro décadas de investigación
Authors: Oddera Mariela González
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho é uma contribuição para a historização da área de pesquisa sobre a violência na família. Nessa oportunidade, abordam-se tópicos recorrentes nos estudos sobre violência na família, tomando como unidade de análise, trabalhos de revisão realizados por pesquisadores, a partir da década de 1980. Três questionamentos são recorrentes na produção: por que as mulheres não abandonam a relação; como evolui a problemática da violência familiar; quais novas dimensões podem incluir-se na análise. Identificam-se hipóteses e modelos conceituais implicados tanto na formulação das perguntas, como nas múltiplas possíveis respostas. Conclui-se que os temas analisados expressam a diversidade constitutiva no campo da pesquisa sobre violência na família.
“O fantasma da classe ausente”: ensaio sobre as bases sociais do Movimento da Reforma Sanitária | “The ghost of the absent class:” an essay on the social basis of the Sanitary Reform Movement
Authors: Stotz Eduardo
Published: May 2019

Neste ensaio sobre as bases sociais do Movimento da Reforma Sanitária no Brasil, problematiza-se a alegoria do “fantasma da classe ausente”, formulada pela mais expressiva liderança deste movimento, Antonio Sérgio Arouca, no final da década de 1980. A alegoria representava o dilema de um movimento que pretendia falar em nome dos trabalhadores e para eles, sem estar enraizado em seus polos mais combativos. O texto procura mostrar que esta representação não passou de um deslocamento político e ideológico vinculado à estratégia democrático-burguesa defendida pelo Partido Comunista Brasileiro em sua fração “eurocomunista”, à qual pertencia boa parte dos participantes do movimento reformista.Palavras-Chave: Reforma Sanitária; Partido Comunista Brasileiro; estratégia democrático-burguesa; sindicalismo; movimento operário independente. Abstract – This essay presents a critique of the allegory of the “ghost of the absent class” formulated by the most expressive leadership of this movement, Antonio Sérgio Arouca, in the late 1980s. The allegory represented the dilemma of a movement that intended to speak for workers and to workers, without being rooted in its most proactive organizations. The text seeks to show that this representation was nothing more than a political and ideological shift linked to the bourgeois-democratic strategy defended by the Brazilian Communist Party’s “Euro-Communist” fraction, to which many of the reform movement’s participants belonged.Keywords: Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement; Brazilian Communist Party; bourgeois-democratic strategy; syndicalism; independent labor movement.
As tramas sociais da experiência de trabalhadores ambulantes em Rio das Ostras | The social plots of the experience of street workers in Rio das Ostras
Authors: Da Silva Pollyana Luz Macedo
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo traz reflexões sobre o trabalho informal, tendo como universo empírico a experiência profissional dos trabalhadores ambulantes integrantes do Programa Renda Alternativa, em Rio das Ostras (RJ). Portanto, a pesquisa foi desdobrada em levantamento bibliográfico, além de trabalho de campo com os ambulantes. Por meio desses dispositivos, buscou-se compreender os laços entre informalidade do trabalho e dinâmica capitalista. Os achados da pesquisa mostram que o trabalho ambulante acomete gerações de trabalhadores como consequência do desenvolvimento desigual e dependente do capitalismo, que limita a oferta de emprego. Somado a isso temos os processos de transformações socioeconômicas das últimas décadas, que intensificam as formas de precarização do trabalho, potencializando a chamada informalidade do trabalho. A expropriação do direito ao emprego empurra os trabalhadores para experiências laborativas inseguras e sem proteção social. A repetição entre familiares amplia a percepção da perenidade da expropriação social entre gerações de trabalhadores.Palavras-Chave: modo de produção capitalista; trabalho informal; trabalhadores ambulantes. Abstract –This article presents reflections on informal work, having as an empirical universe the work experience of the itinerant workers included in the "Alternative Income Program" in Rio das Ostras / RJ. Therefore, the research was deployed in a bibliographical survey, in addition to field work with street vendors. Through these devices, the research sought to understand the links between informality of work and capitalist dynamics. The research findings show that street work affects generations of workers as a consequence of the unequal and dependent development of capitalism that limits the supply of employment. Added to this we have the processes of socioeconomic transformations of the last decades that intensify the forms of precarization of work, enhancing the so-called informality of work. The expropriation of the right to employment pushes workers to unsafe and unprotected labor experiences. The repetition between relatives extends the perception of the perpetuation of social expropriation among generations of workers.Keywords: Mode of Capitalist Production, informal work and mobile workers.
Nurses' perceptions of feedback from cardiac rehabilitation registries: a qualitative study across the UK and Denmark
Authors: Helmark Charlotte , Egholm Cecilie Lindstrom , Kousgaard Marius Brostrom , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Doherty Patrick
Published: May 2019

Background/Aims

Feedback on performance is a widely used strategy aiming to improve quality of care; however, limited research exists regarding nurses' perceptions of feedback. This article explores cardiac rehabilitation nurse leads' perceptions of the feedback provided through two national registries.

Method

This was a qualitative study which used semi-structured interviews. Cardiac rehabilitation nurses (n=12) were strategically recruited across the UK and Denmark. The transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis, and differences and similarities were identified.

Results

Overall, five themes emerged; accessibility, reliability, usefulness, relevance and attitudes towards public reporting. In the UK, the nurses perceived that data regarding feedback were accessible, trustworthy, useful and reflected the important elements in cardiac rehabilitation. However, in Denmark, the nurses perceived that feedback data were unavailable, had reliability issues and only partly reflected the important aspects of cardiac rehabilitation. Nurses in both countries were ambivalent towards public reporting.

Conclusions

In order to facilitate high quality service delivery and improvement, registries should consider cardiac rehabilitation nurse leads' perceptions when delivering feedback.
Chest X-ray interpretation
Authors: Dawkes Susan , O'Reilly Michelle
Published: May 2019

The chest X-ray is a common, low-cost investigation that is an important aid in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Although newer, more sophisticated modalities of imaging are available, chest X-rays remain fundamental, first-line investigations used to determine patient care. Although a radiologist should report all X-rays, nurses and other health professionals frequently examine and interpret chest X-rays. A sound knowledge of normal anatomy and physiology is fundamental. The technical quality of the chest X-ray, specifically the projection of the film, its orientation, rotation of the patient and penetration of the X-rays is important to determine. To prevent abnormalities going undetected when examining chest X-rays, a comprehensive systematic approach to assessment and interpretation is essential. Common abnormalities seen on X-rays from patients with cardiovascular disease have specific differentiating features and these, combined with the physical examination of the patient, will allow for faster diagnosis and early medical intervention.
Rare health conditions 23: Behçet's disease, Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser (MRKH) syndrome and Wilson's disease
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000 and many healthcare assistants and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of them. This 23rd article will explore three of these conditions: Behçet's syndrome; Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH); and Wilson's disease.
Handbags and glad rags: preserving identity in dementia
Authors: Parry-Hughes Maggie , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: May 2019

This article considers to what extent a person with dementia can maintain their sense of self and identity following diagnosis of dementia. The authors discuss identity in the context of dementia and illustrate this through the use of a hypothesised case study of a woman with a diagnosis of dementia. Theories and approaches that recognise and maintain identity and presentation of self, within the context of dress and accessories, and interactions with others, are discussed.

Analysis of the related literature indicates that, given the necessary resources, people with dementia can live meaningful, purposeful lives, when supported to protect and preserve their identity.

The environment and the role of ‘others’ are significant factors in maintaining the identity and individuality of a person with dementia.