bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of LIMA side branch coronary steal syndrome: a role for embolization
Authors: Picci Andrea , Certo Giuseppe , Ceresa Fabrizio , Patanè Francesco
Published: October 2024

Failure to close the side branches of the internal mammary artery can result in ischemia due to coronary steal through a patent mammary artery side branch after coronary artery bypass grafting. The authors present the case of a 56‐year‐old man with recurrent angina after 6 month surgical myocardial revascularization underwent coronary angiography that showed patent left branch of the internal mammary artery. After demonstration of inducible ischemia, effective percutaneous treatment was performed using coil embolization, improving blood flow and clinical symptoms.
Jicama (Pachyrhizus spp.), a nonconventional starch: Effects of citric acid and heat−moisture treatment on properties of starch and its application in film
Authors: Kishore Anand , Singh Anupama , Pati Kalidas , Ojha Ankur
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

This study investigated the effects of citric acid (CA) and heat–moisture treatment (HMT) on the properties of jicama starch (JS). Furthermore, it explores the potential of modified jicama starch for film preparation.

Findings

The amylose content of the JS increases after HMT and decreases for CA‐modified starch. CA and HMT modification lowered the swelling power, solubility, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and crystallinity percentage compared to the native JS. After modification, there was an increase in the transition and pasting temperature of JS. The strong peak for the control and treated JS was observed at around 1008 cm−1 wavenumber in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SEM showed the overlapping and clusters of the granules in all the modified JS. Modified JS‐based film significantly affects the water solubility, barrier, and mechanical properties of film. The film's SEM showed that the CA‐ and HMT‐modified films had more homogeneous surfaces than the native JS film.

Conclusions

HMT and CA modification significantly impacted JS properties and improved the film properties for further application.

Significance and Novelty

This study's findings will facilitate selecting an appropriate treatment to enhance the properties of JS for applications in food formulation and sustainable packaging.
Manifold‐Fused Porphyrin‐Nanographene Conjugates
Authors: Oleszak Christoph , Ritterhoff Christian L. , Martin Max M. , Meyer Bernd , Jux Norbert
Published: October 2024

A library of novel π‐extended porphyrin‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) architectures is presented. Two distinct synthetic pathways were utilized to obtain either phenyl‐ or HBC‐fused compounds. Absorption experiments reveal the species’ exciting photophysical and optoelectronic properties. Depending on the degree of π‐extension, the number of porphyrins, and their relative position, a decisive change in shape, panchromatic broadening, and red‐shifting of the absorption curves is observed. Theoretical studies give more profound insight into the molecule's electronic structures, showing vast decreases in HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps.
Comparison of Different Organometallics Towards Electrophilic Aromatic 211At‐Astatinations of Highly Reactive Tetrazines
Authors: Poulie Christian B. M. , Müller Marius , Bom Pedersen Nadia , Martin Marcel , Mühlbauer Valerie , Mattiussi Simona , Jensen Holger , Herth Matthias M. , Maria Battisti Umberto
Published: October 2024

Organometallics can be used as precursors for electrophilic 211At‐statinations. In this report, we compared the potential of aryl trimethylsilanes, ‐germanes, or –stannanes to be used as precursors to 211At‐label highly reactive tetrazines. Tetrazines can be used for pretargeted radioligand therapies or be applied as synthons to radiolabel rapidly and orthogonally a broad set of precursors such as peptides, mAbs or nanomedicines. All precursors could successfully be synthesized and radiolabeled. The reactivity of organogermanium reagents ranged between those of respective organotin and organosilicon precursors. Moreover, organogermanium reagents proved promising for accessing more complex and polar tetrazine scaffolds. In contrast to organotin derivatives, the use of protecting groups could be avoided for organogermanium and ‐silicon precursors. The developed 211At‐labeled tetrazines could be labeled in radiochemical conversions of 60–90 %. Organogermanium and ‐silicon precursors were clearly advantaged as additional deprotection steps could avoided. Reported labeling procedures allow astatinations of highly reactive tetrazines to be used for pretargeted approaches or to applied as highly reactive synthons to label the next‐generation of 211At‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Highly Luminescent Aceno[6]helicenones by Intramolecular Radical Cyclization
Authors: Sturm Ludmilla , Banasiewicz Marzena , Deperasinska Irena , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw , Morawski Olaf , Dechambenoit Pierre , Bock Harald , Nagata Yuuya , Salvagnac Ludovic , Séguy Isabelle , Šámal Michal , Jančařík Andrej
Published: October 2024

Helicenes and helicenoid structures are promising candidates for future applications exploiting circularly polarized light. Ideal candidates should possess near‐quantitative photoluminescence quantum yield, a high luminescence dissymmetry factor and an adjustable HOMO‐LUMO gap. However, carbo[n]helicenes are poorly luminescent compounds and they absorb light mainly in the ultraviolet region. Here we show that the incorporation of a carbonyl group into helical scaffold significantly improves the fluorescence quantum yield and shifts the absorption to visible region. Although the carbonyl group is commonly considered as detrimental to efficient emission, fluorescence quantum yields up to Φ=0.43 were recorded. A straightforward synthetic approach to a highly luminescent tetraceno[6]helicenone and an aza analogue has been developed. The key step is a radical cyclization which is achieving dehydrative π‐extension. The aza‐analogue was incorporated as an emitter in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and showed good performance.
Protocol: Assessing the impact of interest‐holder engagement on guideline development: A systematic review
Authors: Lytvyn Lyubov , Petkovic Jennifer , Khabsa Joanne , Magwood Olivia , Campbell Pauline , Graham Ian D. , Pottie Kevin , Bidonde Julia , Limburg Heather , Pollock Danielle , Akl Elie A. , Concannon Thomas W. , Tugwell Peter
Published: October 2024

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize empirical research on the impacts of interest‐holder engagement on the guideline development process and content. Our research questions are as follows: (1) What are the empirical examples of impact on the process in health guideline development across any of the 18 steps of the GIN‐McMaster checklist? (2) What are the empirical examples of impact on the content in health guideline development across any of the 18 steps of the GIN‐McMaster checklist?
Phosphorous Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride (P‐g‐C3N4) as an Electrochemical Platform for the Simultaneous Detection of Xanthine and Caffeine
Authors: Sakthivel Arunkumar , Alwarappan Subbiah
Published: October 2024

A one step strategy was employed for the preparation of phosphorous doped g‐C3N4 (P‐g‐C3N4) using melamine phosphate. Herein, the precursor upon thermal condensation at 550 °C resulted in the formation of P‐g‐C3N4 nanosheets. The as‐synthesised P‐g‐C3N4 nanosheets were characterized by UV‐vis, FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy. Later, surface morphological analysis were carried out using FESEM and HRTEM. Moreover, the crystalline nature and elemental composition analysis were conducted using XRD and XPS. Following this, P‐g‐C3N4 nanosheets modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was employed for the simultaneous detection of xanthene and caffeine. The modified electrode was found to be linear in the range of 0.1 to 100 μM (for xanthine) and 0.05 to 100 μM (for caffeine). The limit of detection was found to be 10 nM and 14 nM for xanthine and caffeine respectively. Further, the electrode exhibited a highly selective detection towards each of these analyte when they co‐exists.
Effectiveness of fractionated rituximab in preventing tumor lysis syndrome in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma: Insights from real‐life clinical practice
Authors: Mohamad Jasmine , Bouroumeau Antonin , McKee Thomas A. , Mach Nicolas , Samii Kaveh , Chamuleau Martine , Stenner Frank , Tamburini Jerome , Lang Noémie
Published: October 2024

Background

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially life‐threatening condition resulting from the rapid destruction of malignant cells, leading to electrolyte imbalances and severe complications, such as acute kidney injury, arrhythmias, and seizures. TLS can be managed through hyperhydration, urate‐lowering treatments, and a steroid prophase strategy.

Aims

This study aims to explore the impact of fractionated rituximab, an anti‐CD20 antibody, on the occurrence and severity of TLS during the initial cycle in patients with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL).

Methods

Data was retrospectively collected from 94 of 186 patients.

Results

Among the 94 patients included in the analysis, the median age was 70. Histologies were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (75%), Burkitt lymphoma (13%) and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma (8%). The majority were at an advanced stage (93%) with a high IPI score (75%). Most patients received anthracycline‐containing regimens (72%) and prophylactic allopurinol (83%) and/or rasburicase (26%). Steroid prophase was administered to 82% of patients. The study identified one clinical TLS case and six laboratory TLS cases. Significant TLS factors included BL histology, elevated baseline LDH (⟩500 U/l), and rasburicase usage. Infusion reactions were rare (3%). Median progression‐free survival was 2.6 years, and 2‐year overall survival was 33%, irrespective of TLS occurrence.

Conclusion

In this real‐life study, clinical TLS occurrence was low (1%). TLS appeared more frequent in BL but did not impact overall survival. Fractionated initial rituximab dosing in addition to preventive strategies is a feasible approach in preventing clinical TLS, warranting further prospective investigation.
The Role of Microbiome and Probiotics in Chemo‐Radiotherapy‐Induced Diarrhea: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Khorashadizadeh Sanaz , Abbasifar Sara , Yousefi Mohammad , Fayedeh Farzad , Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli
Published: October 2024

Background

In this article, we review the most recent research on probiotics effects on diarrhea in both human and animal models of the condition along with the therapeutic potential of these compounds based on their findings.

Recent Findings

Nearly 50%–80% of cancer patients experience chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea (CID), serious gastrointestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens that leads to prolonged hospitalizations, cardiovascular problems, electrolyte imbalances, disruptions in cancer treatment, poor cancer prognosis, and death. CID is typically categorized as osmotic diarrhea. The depletion of colonic crypts and villi by radiotherapy and chemotherapy agents interferes with the absorptive function of the intestine, thereby decreasing the absorption of chloride and releasing water into the intestinal lumen. Probiotic supplements have been found to be able to reverse the intestinal damage caused by chemo‐radiation therapy by promoting the growth of crypt and villi and reducing inflammatory pathways. In addition, they support the modulation of immunological and angiogenesis responses in the gut as well as the metabolism of certain digestive enzymes by altering the gut microbiota.

Conclusion

Beyond the benefits of probiotics, additional clinical research is required to clarify the most effective strain combinations and dosages for preventing chemotherapy and radiotherapy diarrhea.
Halogen Substitution Strategy for Exploiting High‐Performance Molecular Ferroelectrics
Authors: Chen Xingguang , Xu Haojie , Li Wenjing , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: October 2024

Molecular ferroelectrics are emerging as a robust family of electric‐ordered materials due to their distinct structural flexibility, molecular tunability, and versatility. In recent years, diverse chemical design approaches have significantly contributed to discovering and optimizing ferroelectric performances of molecule‐based ferroelectric systems. Notably, halogen substitution is one of the most effective strategies for inducing symmetry breaking and optimizing the dipole moments and potential energy barriers. In this minireview, we have summarized recent significant advances of halogen substitution strategy in molecule‐based ferroelectrics, including organic‐inorganic hybrids and metal‐free molecular systems. Subsequently, we discuss the underlying mechanism of halogen substitution to improve ferroelectric performances, including the generation of spontaneous polarization, enhancement of Curie temperature, and bandgap engineering. Finally, the future directions in designing and modulating molecular ferroelectrics by halogen substitution strategy are also highlighted.
Impact of genotype × environment interaction and selection history on genomic prediction in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Costa Martin , Holland James B. , de Leon Natalia , Kaeppler Shawn M.
Published: October 2024

Breeders made remarkable progress in improving productivity and stability of cultivars. Breeding progress relies on selecting favorable alleles for performance and stability to produce productive varieties across diverse environments. In this study, we analyzed the Genomes to Fields Initiative 2018–2019 genotype by environment interaction (G × E) dataset, focusing on three populations of double haploid (DH) lines derived from crossing inbrexpired Plant Variety Protection (ex‐PVP) inbred line PHW65 with inbred lines PHN11, Mo44, and MoG. PHW65 is an Iodent/Lancaster‐type inbred; PHN11 is an Iodent type ex‐PVP line; Mo44 is a tropical‐derived inbred; and MoG is an agronomically poor line derived from the variety Mastadon. Hybrids were produced by crossing the resulting DHs with Stiff Stalk testers PHT69 and LH195. The study's objective was to determine the donor inbreds' relative value and understand the impact of selection history on genomic prediction. We conducted a two‐stage analysis to compare hybrid performance and G × E variance of the populations. G × E variance for yield was significantly lower in the PHW65 × PHN11 population relative to the PHW65 × MoG population. The reduced G × E variance of the PHN11 population led to increased indirect prediction accuracy (when training and testing data are drawn from the same population but different environments). In cross‐validation, the PHN11 population had the greatest indirect prediction accuracy 45% of the time, followed by the Mo44 population (30%) and the MoG population (25%). Results demonstrate that prediction accuracy was greater in the population with the longest history of selection for favorable alleles (PHN11), contributing to greater yield stability.
Reducing Interfacial Recombination in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells With Selenophene‐Substituted PCBM: Comparison With Thiophene and Furan Substitution
Authors: Cabrera‐Espinoza Andrea , Sánchez José G. , Li Wenhui , Collavini Silvia , Ibañez‐Etxeberria Maddi , Kosta Ivet , Ramírez‐Como Magaly , Martínez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Palomares Emilio , Delgado Juan Luis
Published: October 2024

Reducing the interfacial recombination and improving the charge transfer capability of charge transport layers are effective strategies to enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study evaluates, for the first time, the effects of selenophene substitution in the chemical structure of phenyl‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on the performance and stability of inverted PSCs. Selenophene substitution was compared to thiophene and furan substitutions, and the reference PCBM without chalcogenophene moiety. Additionally, this study investigates the differences between using the fullerene cages C70 and C60 in the PCBM chemical structure. The photovoltaic results demonstrate that, with an adequate control of the thickness of the electron transport layer (ETL), incorporating the selenophene moiety in the structures of fullerenes enhances the photovoltaic parameters of PSCs. This improvement results from the reduction in trap‐assisted recombination, an increase in electron mobility, and the improved charge extraction processes. The use of C70, as opposed to C60, allows for the preparation of a series of ETLs with comparable thicknesses, although slightly lower efficiencies. This feature facilitates a systematic comparative analysis focused on variations in the electron properties of ETLs, thereby avoiding the inclusion of issues related to thickness and charge recombination processes.
Help coordinate employment assistance and support for students with disabilities
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: October 2024

October is National Disability Employment Awareness Month, and throughout the month, many disability services offices have highlighted employment for those with disabilities. But why not maintain these activities? In conjunction with your institution's career services and related offices, you can continue the emphasis on targeted employment skills and available assistance for students with disabilities.
EEOC publishes helpful tools for workers with I/DD
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2024

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission recently published a list of helpful tools to assist individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) in the workplace.
Help your students transition to the world of work
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2024

With everything disability services offices must do, helping with students’ job transitions may seem like one more responsibility you may not wish to take on. But connecting with career services can not only benefit students in their pursuit of a job after graduation, but also during their time at college. I spoke to Amanda Feaster of Kent State, Christy Oslund of Michigan Technological University, Joan Rachmel of Nevada State, and Gabe Wright of the University of Tampa about this process.
Using spaceborne LiDAR to reveal drivers of animal demography
Authors: Barry Brent R. , Holbrook Joseph D. , Vogeler Jody C. , Elliott Lisa H. , Weldy Matthew J. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Epps Clinton , Wilson Todd , Vierling Kerri T.
Published: October 2024

Remote sensing can provide continuous spatiotemporal information about vegetation to inform wildlife habitat estimates, but these methods are often limited in availability or lack adequate resolution to capture the three‐dimensional vegetative details critical for understanding habitat. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a spaceborne light detection and ranging system (LiDAR) that has revolutionized the availability of high‐quality three‐dimensional vegetation measurements of the Earth's temperate and tropical forests. To date, wildlife‐related applications of GEDI data or GEDI‐fusion products have been limited to estimate species habitat use, distribution, and diversity. Here, our goal was to expand the use of GEDI‐based applications to wildlife demography by evaluating if GEDI data fusions could aid in characterizing demographic parameters of wildlife. We leveraged a recently published dataset of GEDI‐fusion forest structures and capture–mark–recapture data to estimate the density and survival of two small mammal species, Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis) and Townsend's chipmunk (Neotamias townsendii), from three studies in western Oregon spanning 2014–2021. We used capture histories in Huggins robust design models to estimate apparent annual survival and density as a derived parameter. We found strong support that both flying squirrel and chipmunk density were associated with GEDI‐fusion forest structures of foliage height diversity and plant area volume density in the 5–10 m strata for flying squirrels and proportionately higher plant area volume density in the 0–20 m strata for chipmunks, as well as other spatiotemporal factors such as elevation. We found weak support that apparent annual survival was associated with GEDI‐fusion forest structures for flying squirrels but not for chipmunks. We demonstrate further utility of these methods by creating spatially explicit density maps of both species that could aid management and conservation policies. Our work represents a novel application of GEDI data to evaluate wildlife demography and produce continuous spatially explicit density predictions for these species. We conclude that aspects of small mammal demography can be explained by forest structure as characterized via GEDI data fusions.
Kinetico‐Mechanistic Studies of Cu(II)‐Mediated Cyclization of Imines via C−H Bond Activations
Authors: Pla Daniel , Ferrer Montserrat , Gómez Montserrat , Martinez Lopez Manuel
Published: October 2024

Herein, we focus on the kinetico‐mechanistic studies of a carboxylate and Cu(II)‐assisted synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines encompassing C(sp3)−H amination and cyclization of imines coupled with C(sp2)−H cyanation using time‐resolved UV‐Vis reaction monitoring and ex‐situ analyses. Thus, kinetic studies have been carried out, providing a proof of the elementary steps involved, allowing for batch analysis of the compounds present in solution via MS. The experimental data obtained are consistent with the formation of a cyclometalated complex (k1) involving a C(sp3)−H bond cleavage followed by a reductive elimination/proton abstraction event (k2), both showing high enthalpy‐demanding transition states. The two processes show a well‐defined Eyring behavior with values of ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ within the expected range. Further insights on the intermediate fast C(sp2)–cyanation are also presented together with control reactions.
Organocatalytic Applications of Sulfonyl Squaramides in Anion‐Recognition Strategies
Authors: Benítez Manuel , Matador Esteban , Velázquez Marta , Lassaletta José M. , Fernández Rosario , Monge David
Published: October 2024

A modular, 3‐steps protocol for the synthesis of N‐sulfonyl squaramides has been developed. The strategic installation of a tetrahedral, electron‐withdrawing sulfonyl group into the squaramido core allowed the prevention of undesired self‐aggregations, therefore upgrading the solubility in common organic solvents, and moreover, enhancing their H‐bond donor abilities for molecular recognition. These unique features have been efficiently exploited in two different ion‐pairing reactions: (i) the challenging C4‐selective dearomatization of 2‐picoline with silyl ketene acetals and (ii) the tritylation of N‐methylindole. Furthermore, their catalytic activities have been directly compared with other common and well‐established (thio)urea analogues and related H‐bond donors, revealing that highly acidic designs are essential to reach optimal catalytic performances.
Lewis Acid‐Promoted C−H Chalcogenation of Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Vishwakarma Rahul , Sharma Pragya , Kumar Hazra Chinmoy
Published: October 2024

An efficient catalytic system employing TMS•OTf for the regioselective thiolation of electron‐rich arenes with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed. The reaction occurs in a solvent mixture of dichloroethane and trifluoroethanol under mild conditions, with the addition of water. This method furnishes a range of para‐thio‐substituted arenes and 3‐sulfenyl‐indoles in good to excellent yields, marking a significant advancement in organic synthesis.
Practicable Syntheses of Electroluminescent Ionic 2,2′‐Bifluorenes
Authors: Jackman Edward H. , Ward Oliver J. , Li Yi , Court Katie L. , Carroll Robert C. , Coles Simon J. , Beeby Stephen P. , Chataigner Isabelle , Legros Julien , Harrowven David C.
Published: October 2024

The development of a practicable library synthesis of ionic 2,2′‐bifluorenes is described that improves the safety and reduces waste associated with the ubiquitous method of preparing these and related electroluminescent compounds. Additionally, an X‐ray crystal structure that reveals how triflate counterions can provide a second link between the alkylimidazolium subunits and the photoluminescent core is presented.
The analytical curvature distribution model of columns and mathematical solution for pushover analysis
Authors: Zhong Jian , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Hao
Published: October 2024

The acquisition of a flexural backbone curve for columns primarily relies on finite element analysis and experiments, of which the complexity and high cost are significant challenges. Hence, this study proposes an analytical curvature distribution model (CDM) along the full height of the column, which is the key point of formula derivation and theoretical solution of the column backbone curve. The proposed CDM is a piecewise function model composed of linear and quadratic functions, with the characteristics of continuity and differentiability at the intersection point. The deformation compatibility equations, equilibrium equations, and material constitutive equations based on the variables of CDM are constructed to form an equation system, the solution of which can be theoretically determined by an iterative algorithm. Furthermore, 155 test specimen columns of different materials, for example, reinforced concrete, high‐strength reinforced concrete, and shape memory alloy are used to validate the proposed CDM and mathematical solutions of pushover analysis through three crucial indicators, that is, goodness of fit of backbone curve, ultimate displacement, and peak force, indicating strong practicability, high accuracy, and wider applicability. This theoretical method can be applied to deal with the key issues of interest during pushover analysis, that is, predicting the flexural backbone curves with different materials, determining the curvature distribution throughout the entire process of pushover analysis, and characterizing the evolution process of the plastic region.
The Role of Transoral Robotic Palatine and Lingual Tonsillectomy in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Region
Authors: Mc Loughlin Laura , Zhang Henry , Blom Megan , Walsh Michael , Moran Tom , Dixon Benjamin , Magarey Matthew , O'Duffy Fergal
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) lingual tonsillectomy in the diagnostic algorithm for head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) has gained recent popularity. The primary aim of our study was to determine the identification rate of primary tumors in our cohort undergoing lingual ± palatine tonsillectomy for the workup of head and neck CUP.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of all patients undergoing diagnostic TORS for head and neck CUP over an eight‐year period, across four centers in two countries.

Results

Fifty‐six patients undergoing TORS to aid diagnosis of a primary site were included. Overall, TORS lingual ± palatine tonsillectomy identified a primary tumor in 41 (73.2%) patients. Over half were T1 tumors, with 25% measuring under 10 mm. Among those with human papilloma virus (HPV)+ nodal disease, the identification rate was 82.6%.

Conclusions

TORS lingual tonsillectomy is an effective addition to the diagnostic workup of CUP, particularly in those with HPV+ nodal disease.
Acceptability and validity of HPV self‐sampling for cervical cancer screening among women living in different ecological settings in India
Authors: Mishra Gauravi A. , Pimple Sharmila A. , Anand Kavita V. , Kulkarni Vasundhara Y. , Patil Anil S. , Biswas Sanjay K.
Published: October 2024

India records one fifth of global cervical cancer burden. Unlike human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling, other screening methods may cause discomfort and embarrassment. This study aimed to investigate attitudes, acceptability, barriers, predictors, effective modality of instructions, and validity of HPV self‐sampling among Indian women residing in varied settings and different literacy levels. This is community‐based interventional study among Indian women 30–55 years, residing in urban slums (500), urban non‐slums (500), and rural (600) settings with varied washroom facilities and privacy, to collect self‐samples. Each group was subdivided into two arms; in one women received education with pamphlets and other with health education program (HEP). Study involved enlisting eligibles, obtaining informed consents and conducting personal interviews to collect baseline data. Self‐samplers were distributed with instructions (pictorial pamphlets in one group and HEP in other) regarding usage, storage and return. Willingness to use self‐samplers, refusals, experiences, and so forth were captured. Post‐intervention knowledge, attitudes, practices was recorded. HPV reports were distributed. Women with positive result on either test were offered further management. Acceptance rate of self‐sampling was 99.2%, 97%, and 98.8% and HPV positivity was 7%, 7.8%, and 8.5%, respectively among urban non‐slum, urban slum and rural women. Agreement rate between health personnel collected and self‐collected samples was 96.5% in pamphlet and 93.2% in HEP arm. Major barriers of self‐sampling were lack of confidence about performing self‐test correctly, fear that test would be painful and anxiety about test results. HPV self‐sampling has good acceptability among Indian women and good agreement with health personnel collected samples.
Environmental Performance in Insurance Companies: The Role of Women
Authors: Allodi Evita , Ammari Aymen , Salerno Dario , Stella Gian Paolo
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between board gender diversity and environmental performance in European insurance companies. Through an analysis of 53 insurance companies listed in 14 European countries between 2011 and 2021, the empirical analysis presents a significant and positive relationship between board gender diversity and the environmental performance of insurance companies, especially in reducing emissions and increasing environmental innovations. Furthermore, external factors such as renewable energy consumption and forest area demonstrate a significant and positive moderating role in the connection between board gender diversity and environmental performance.
Unveiling women's lived experiences with care provided by a pregnancy heart team: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Vanharen Yaël , Knollenburg Laury , Van Berendoncks An , Mannaerts Dominique , Goossens Eva
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to gain an in‐depth understanding of the lived experiences of women with CVD regarding their care by a pregnancy heart team (PHT) during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period.

Methods

Using a qualitative phenomenological study, data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 13 women receiving follow‐up care from a PHT at a large tertiary center. Data were collected between December 2022 and September 2023, and thematic content analysis was conducted.

Results

The lived experiences of women with CVD were reflected in the PHT by two main themes: “emotional distress” and “(dis‐)organization of care.” The “emotional distress” theme had sub‐themes of “awareness and impact of CVD on pregnancy,” “loneliness,” and “need for psychological support.” The theme of “(dis)organization of care” was expressed through the sub‐themes of “(dis‐)continuity of care” and “(expected) skills of healthcare providers.”

Conclusion

The current study findings highlight the impact of CVD on pregnancy and the emotional challenges faced by women with CVD during the course of their pregnancy. Improvements in accessibility, timeliness, reciprocity and shared decision‐making, and psychological support could contribute to more patient‐centered care.
Periprosthetic and peri‐implant femoral fractures and timeliness to surgery: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Alarcón Felix , Sköldenberg Olof , Magnéli Martin , Axenhus Michael
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Periprosthetic (PPFF) and peri‐implant femoral fractures (PIFFs) are troublesome complications of prosthetic and implant surgery, the prior being described to have a greater delay to surgery when compared with standard hip fractures. The implications of PPFF delay being disputed in the current literature and those of PIFF have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the time from radiological examination to surgery differs between hip fractures and PPFF/PIFF, and the possible consequences of delay and group affiliation on morbidity, mortality, and readmissions.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐six participants were admitted to Danderyd hospital during 2020, cases exposed to PPFF or PIFF (n = 35) and hip fracture controls (n = 101) matched at 1:3 with respect to age and sex. Timestamps from radiology, surgery, and death were retrieved from the Swedish fracture registry, data on adverse events (AEs), and readmissions were collected through retrospective medical record review for 90‐days postsurgery.

Results

Linear regression showed that time to surgery differed in case and control cohorts by a mean of 24.8 h, p < 0.001, and AEs were significantly more common in cases, p = 0.046. Unadjusted binary logistic regression indicated a possible relationship between time to surgery increasing the rate of AEs by 1.3% per hour of delay, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1–1.03).

Conclusion

This study reveals a significant delay in surgery for PPFFs and PIFFs compared with standard hip fractures, leading to higher adverse event rates. While mortality and readmissions did not differ significantly, the delay underscores the need for timely intervention in these complex cases. Further research is needed to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence

III
Finite element analysis confirms the optimal apex position in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy to avoid lateral hinge fracture
Authors: Osmani Humza T. , Gupta Radhika , Earl Rosemary , Tomaszczyk Stanisław , Turmezei Tom , Segal Neil A. , Sutcliffe Michael , Melton Joel
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Lateral hinge fracture is a significant complication of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. While fracture risk is closely associated with the osteotomy apex position, the optimum position remains variable within the literature. Our hypothesis is that stresses at the osteotomy apex predicted by finite element analysis can be used to identify an apex position which minimises intra and postoperative fracture risks.

Methods

A finite element model was studied to investigate the effect of varying the hinge position on fracture risk and severity for a given bone geometry; variables analysed included stress, strain and micromotion levels. Nine further knee models were studied to assess the variability between patients' bone properties and examine the effect of apex location on strains.

Results

Lateral hinge width and height significantly influence intra‐operative stress, strain, and fracture risk, while hinge width predominately determines postoperative stability. Wider hinges improve postoperative stability, but increase the likelihood of intra‐articular fractures. Aiming the apex at the fibular head height minimises strain. The osteotomy apex should be located such that the hinge width is equal to 13% of the medial‐lateral width to minimise apex stress and fracture risk while preserving sufficient bone at the hinge for stability. The height of the apex from the tibial plateau should maintain a minimum value of 16% of the medial‐lateral width to avoid intra‐articular fracture, with the apex below the fibula head if necessary. The size of the tibia does not alter the optimal location, making our findings applicable across all tibia sizes.

Conclusions

Our study has investigated and verified a proposed optimal apex position, based upon fracture risk prediction and micromotion at the osteotomy apex. This is clinically useful due to the potential use of the apex point on preoperative 2D radiographs when planning surgery.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Protein requirements in adults with phenylketonuria and bioavailability of glycomacropeptide compared to an l‐amino acid‐based product
Authors: Turki Abrar , Stockler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Sirrs Sandra , Branov Jennifer , Bosdet Taryn , Elango Rajavel
Published: October 2024

Background

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Treatment is primarily a low‐Phe diet combined with l‐amino acid‐based products (l‐AA). Protein requirements in adults with PKU have not been directly determined. A formula with glycomacropeptide (GMP) and low phenylalanine is available, yet untested for optimal protein synthesis.

Objectives

To determine the protein requirements in adults with PKU and the bioavailability of GMP‐AA in the same patients using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique.

Methods

Each participant was allocated to 7 separate l‐AA intakes (range: 0.1–1.8 g/kg/day) in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the same patients participated in 4 GMP‐AA intakes (range: 0.1–0.9 g/kg/day). The IAAO method with l‐[1‐13C]‐lysine as the indicator amino acid and its oxidation to 13CO2 was used as the primary indicator of protein synthesis. Protein requirements were identified with a breakpoint, and bioavailability was determined by comparing 13CO2 slope from GMP‐AA versus l‐AA.

Results

Six adults with PKU (4 M: 2F) completed a total of 54 study days over the 2 experiments. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein was determined to be 1.11 g/kg/day (R2 = 0.20). The bioavailability of protein from GMP‐AA was determined to be 99.98%, which was high and near to 100% comparable to l‐AA; although, the results apply only to the tested GMP‐AA blend.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly define a quantitative protein requirement and indicates that current PKU protein recommendations for adults with PKU may be underestimated. The bioavailability of protein in the GMP‐AA blend was high and optimal for protein synthesis in adults with PKU.
Aesthete Pattern Diversity in Chiton Clades (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Balancing Sensory Structures and Strength in Valve Architecture
Authors: Ampuero Andre , Vončina Katarzyna , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Sigwart Julia D.
Published: October 2024

Chitons possess the most elaborate system of shell pores found in any hard‐shelled invertebrate. Although chitons possess some anteriorly located sense organs, they lack true cephalization, as their major sensory systems are not concentrated in a distinct head region. Instead, the aesthete system within their shells forms a dense sensory network that overcomes the barrier of their hard dorsal armour. The basic arrangement of neural structures embedded within a solid, opaque matrix, has confounded understanding of the overall network. In this study, we use synchrotron X‐ray μCT to visualise the aesthete canal networks inside chiton valves. We selected representatives from all three major chiton clades: Lepidopleurida, the basal branching clade, and Callochitonida and Chitonida, which both have more complex shell morphology, to compare internal structure. Lepidopleurida aesthete canals are oriented vertically and pass directly through the shell to connect with the body. By contrast, aesthetes canals in Callochitonida and Chitonida have complex internal structures with extended horizontal passages, coalescing at the shell diagonal that corresponds to the valve insertion slits. This represents a stepwise evolution of chiton shell form, where thicker and more complex valves require a diverting and rewiring of the entire sensory network. Aspects of the aesthete system, such as the microscopic arrangement of surface pores, have long been used in chiton taxonomy for species diagnoses; insertion slits should also be understood as a secondary feature of the aesthete system. Chiton shell structures that are used for morphological systematics are driven by sensory adaptations.
Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and its association with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Huang Xueliang , Li Yushao , Li Lixia , Liao Jiaman , Huang Hao , Zhao Ying , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: October 2024

To investigate the association between Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative cohort of US adults, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III; 1988‒1994) were analyzed, including 13,993 participants aged 18‒90 years who underwent KSHV serology evaluations. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through December 2019 using the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the association between KSHV seropositivity and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and serum TG. Over a median follow‐up period of 26.5 years, 5503 deaths were recorded. KSHV seropositivity was associated with an increased hazard of all‐cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03‒1.69) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00‒2.50) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. Notably, the association between KSHV infection and all‐cause mortality persisted among women (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02‒1.72) after adjusting for all confounders, whereas the association with cardiovascular mortality was only statistically significant for men (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.53).KSHV infection may represent an independent risk factor for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. These findings highlight the need for further research to validate these associations in independent populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed increased mortality associated with KSHV infection.
Polysaccharides and Peptides With Wound Healing Activity From Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Arslan Nazli Pinar , Orak Tugba , Ozdemir Aysenur , Altun Ramazan , Esim Nevzat , Eroglu Elvan , Karaagac Sinem Ilayda , Aktas Cigdem , Taskin Mesut
Published: October 2024

Bacteria and fungi are natural sources of metabolites exhibiting diverse bioactive properties such as wound healing, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Two important groups of bacteria or fungi‐derived metabolites with wound‐healing potential are polysaccharides and peptides. In addition to bacteria‐derived cellulose and hyaluronic acid and fungi‐derived chitin and chitosan, these organisms also produce different polysaccharides (e.g., exopolysaccharides) with wound‐healing potential. The most commonly used bacterial peptides in wound healing studies are bacteriocins and lipopeptides. Bacteria or fungi‐derived polysaccharides and peptides exhibit both the in vitro and the in vivo wound healing potency. In the in vivo models, including animals and humans, these metabolites positively affect wound healing by inhibiting pathogens, exhibiting antioxidant activity, modulating inflammatory response, moisturizing the wound environment, promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increasing collagen synthesis, re‐epithelialization, and angiogenesis. Therefore, peptides and polysaccharides derived from bacteria and fungi have medicinal importance. This study aims to overview current literature knowledge (especially within the past 5 years) on the in vitro and in vivo wound repair potentials of polysaccharides and peptides obtained from bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) and fungi (yeasts, filamentous microfungi, and mushrooms).
Metabolic insights into the mechanism of soybean reddening during storage
Authors: Xia Yunze , Zhang Huayang , Li Miao , Zhou Yuhao , Qu Chenling
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Soybean reddening during storage and transportation has caused great concern due to the serious economic loss. However, the mechanism of reddening has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, metabolomics was employed to investigate the reasons for soybean reddening during storage.

RESULTS

The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolite level of red soybean was significantly different from that of normal soybean. The differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched by biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acid metabolism. Metabolism analysis showed that the biosynthesis of cyanidin and betalains was enhanced in reddening soybean. In addition, it was found that phenolic and flavonoid compounds decreased, while quinones, furans and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural increased in reddening soybeans compared to normal soybeans.

CONCLUSION

The upregulation of cyanidin and betalains was the main reason for soybean reddening. Besides, the oxidation of phenols and flavonoids, as well as Maillard reaction, also contributed to the color change. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent Progress in Electro‐Optic Modulators: Physical Phenomenon, Structures Properties, and Integration Strategy
Authors: Yan Yixin , Zhang Haoran , Liu Xiaolei , Peng Liuxing , Zhang Qian , Yu Guangbin , Wu Qing , Li Haitao
Published: October 2024

Electro‐optic modulators (EOMs), serving as indispensable components within photonic integrated circuits, are essential for enabling energy‐efficient, high‐speed, and high‐capacity optical communication systems. This review illustrates the principal physical phenomenon exploited in EOMs and provides a comprehensive analysis of the cutting‐edge EOMs featuring interference structures (Mach–Zehnder modulators and Michelson‐interferometer modulators) and resonance structures (microring modulators, racetrack modulators, and photonic crystal modulators). The comparative analysis of the performance merits and limitations in EOMs is presented, highlighting the combination of diverse electro‐optic material compositions with different optical structures, which reveals a promising integration strategic so as to pursue a trade‐off in modulation performance. It is contributed to the ongoing discourse on optimizing EOMs for the subsequent communication technologies and the advancement of photonic chips.
Learning health systems to implement chronic disease prevention programs: A novel framework and perspectives from an Australian health service
Authors: Wolfenden Luke , Wiggers John , Barnes Courtney , Lane Cassandra , Groombridge Daniel , Robertson Katie , Jones Jannah , McCrabb Sam , Hodder Rebecca K. , Shoesmith Adam , Hudson Nayerra , McCarthy Nicole , Kingsland Melanie , Doherty Emma , Princehorn Emily , Finch Meghan , Nathan Nicole , Sutherland Rachel
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic diseases are a considerable burden to health systems, communities, and patients. Much of this burden, however, could be prevented if interventions effective in reducing chronic disease risks were routinely implemented.

Aims

The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of public health agencies in preventing chronic disease through the application of learning health system (LHS) approaches to improve the implementation of evidence‐based interventions.

Materials and Methods

We draw on the literature and our experience operating a local LHS in Australia that has achieved rapid improvements in the implementation of chronic disease prevention interventions.

Results

The proposed LHS framework has been adapted to be both implementation and chronic disease prevention focused. The framework describes both broad improvement processes, and the infrastructure and other support (pillars) recommended to support its core functions.

Conclusion

The framework serves as a basis for further exploration of the potentially transformative role LHS's may have in addressing the chronic disease health crisis.