bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Confiscation as a Measure of Criminal Law under Ukrainian Legislation
Authors: Nikolaienko Tetiana , Babanina Viktoria , Bohdanevych Tetiana
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of special confiscation as a measure of criminal law, other than punishment, which was introduced into the legislation of Ukraine on the way of transformation and reformation of the institution of confiscation of property. The study found that the emergence of special confiscation was dictated primarily by Ukraine's choice of European integration and the need to fulfil its obligations to bring domestic criminal law in line with European standards and international legal practice in combating crime.

The article notes that today the confiscation of property remains one of the most controversial measures of criminal law in both domestic and foreign law. Traditionally, in the criminal law of Ukraine, this measure played the role of one of the types of punishment. However, at the present stage of development of criminal law, the legal regulation of forced confiscation of property has undergone significant changes. Currently, this is not only a form of criminal liability, but also different from the latter, another measure of criminal law, which manifests itself in three forms, namely as: 1) special confiscation of property of an individual; 2) confiscation of property of a legal entity; 3) special confiscation of property in respect of a legal entity.

The article analyzes the provisions of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine on the regulation of special confiscation as another measure of criminal law and considers the main problematic aspects of this institution in the doctrine of criminal law of Ukraine.

The correlation between general confiscation and special confiscation was revealed in the article. The conclusion was drawn that these two types of confiscations are different in legal nature. Confiscation of property is a type of additional punishment, and special confiscation of property is an independent type of other measures of a criminal law nature. The main difference between the investigated institutions is that their application seizes property of different nature, namely: the subject of confiscation of property is property that belongs to the convict on the right of ownership, and in the case of special confiscation, property related to the commission of a crime is subject to confiscation.
The Application of the Third Party's Right Relief System in Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Chen Haitao
Published: November 2020

With the continuous revision and improvement of the Civil Procedure Law and relevant judicial interpretations, China has formed a complete system to protect the rights and interests of the third party not involved in the original trial, including enforcement objection, execution objection lawsuit, the third party revocation lawsuit and retrial procedure. However, at present, the legal provisions on the cis-position of application of the above procedures are still vague. In order to explain and solve this problem more clearly, this thesis divides the time after the judgment is made into three stages - "from the time when the judgment is made to before the judgment takes effect", "the stage of execution" and "after the stage of execution". Based on the characteristics and purposes of each procedure and the functional characteristics of judicial organs, the cis-position of each procedure in different stages is determined reasonably.
Um Ambiente Digital para apoiar o ensino das operações de adição e subtração baseado na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais
Authors: Corradi Genilson Gomes , Menezes Crediné Silva
Published: November 2020

Os exames de avaliação da aprendizagem têm mostrado que os alunos do ensino fundamental, tem muita dificuldade na aprendizagem dos conteúdos de matemática, em especial, das operações de adição e subtração. Na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, criada por Gerard Vergnaud, ele propõe uma abordagem pedagógica, chamada Campo Aditivo, para facilitar a aprendizagem das operações de adição e subtração, porém o seu uso é uma tarefa onerosa para os professores. Este trabalho apresenta um ambiente digital para apoiar o ensino e aprendizagem das operações de adição e subtração. A avaliação da proposta consistiu na construção de uma prova de conceito e de uma sessão de aplicação com alunos de escolas da rede pública de ensino.
LogicFlow: Uma Ferramenta Para o Auxílio de Ensino-aprendizagem de Circuitos Digitais
Authors: Jurgina Laura Quevedo , Zanandrea Régis , Rosa Júnior Leomar Soares , Marques Felipe De Souza
Published: November 2020

Com o avanço da tecnologia é possível obter um grande poder de processamento na palma das nossas mãos. Esse avanço proporciona a exploração de novas metodologias de ensino. Docentes de disciplinas, como a de Circuitos Digitais, ministrada em cursos de Ciência e Engenharia de Computação, deparam-se com desafios nos quais discentes encontram dificuldades na compreensão do conteúdo por déficit na concepção de conceitos que necessitariam ter sido consolidados em momentos anteriores de sua formação. Ao unir a tecnologia com ideias alternativas, a ferramenta LogicFlow procura engajar e mudar a visão do ato de aprender. Contando com uma interface de usuário simples e intuitiva, voltada para dispositivos móveis, permite utilizar portas lógicas, conexões e terminais para construir e simular circuitos digitais, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de projetos hierárquicos.
Aprendizagem Colaborativa no Ensino Médio por meio de Gamificação: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Madureira Jamille Silva , Sá Aline De Jesus , Júnior Carlos Mariano Melo , Lima Elaine Meneses Souza , Lessa Giovanni Gomes , Junior José Hélio Barbosa , Silva Tiago Barbosa da , Oliveira Tiago Cordeiro de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo relata uma experiência de gamificação como atividade interdisciplinar entre as aulas de informática e demais disciplinas do primeiro ano de um curso integrado ao ensino médio. A turma foi dividida em grupos, que ficaram responsáveis pela elaboração dos jogos em formato de quiz utilizando uma ferramenta de editor de apresentação e o Scratch. Ao final da atividade, os alunos relataram que a experiência foi positiva, pois tiveram a oportunidade de aprender os conteúdos das disciplinas desenvolvendo a criatividade e trabalhando em grupo.
ADA: Avatar Animado para o Moodle como Auxílio Docente
Authors: Freitas Isabella M. , Paiva Sofia L. Costa
Published: November 2020

Apesar de agregar valor no ensino, o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) Moodle leva os docentes a enfrentarem dificuldades para realização de tarefas e inclusão de recursos. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta para auxiliar o uso da plataforma Moodle, chamada ADA. Esta ferramenta visa assessorar os usuários na criação de recursos educacionais, especialmente aos recursos de Questionário e Laboratório de Avaliação. Ensaios de usabilidade foram feitos com a participação de docentes voluntários, evidenciando que a ferramenta atingiu, satisfatoriamente, os resultados esperados de eficiência. Espera-se que esta ferramenta desperte o interesse em usufruir dos recursos do Moodle uma vez que traz benefícios em termos de praticidade e eficiência.
EU-Solidarität in Zeiten von Covid-19
Authors: Cicchi Lorenzo , Genschel Philipp , Hemerijck Anton , Nasr Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Der Beitrag berichtet anhand neuer Umfrageergebnisse (April 2020) über die öffentliche Zustimmung zu EU-Solidarität in 13  EU-Mitgliedstaaten und in Großbritannien. Die Analyse ergibt u. a. diese Erkenntnisse: Die Befürwortung variiert je nach geografischer Entfernung, Problematik und empfundenem Nettonutzen für das eigene Land ; sie ist eher durch die Erwartung gegenseitigen Nutzens motiviert als durch Gefühle moralischer Verpflichtung oder gemeinsamer Identität ; die meisten Befragten bevorzugen dauerhafte EU-Vereinbarungen zur Risiko- und Lastenteilung gegenüber einzelfallbasierter Ad-hoc-Hilfe ; eine relative Mehrheit zieht ein beschützendes Europa einem marktschaffenden oder einem globalen Europa mit internationalem Führungsanspruch vor.
Der Skandal und die Folgen
Authors: Birke Peter , Bluhm Felix
Published: November 2020

Infolge der massiven Verbreitung von Covid-19-Infektionen in der Fleischindustrie sind die miserablen Arbeits- und Wohnbedingungen der fast ausschließlich migrantischen Arbeiter*innen in den Fokus der medialen Aufmerksamkeit gerückt. Die im öffentlichen Diskurs geäußerten Hoffnungen auf eine grundlegende Verbesserung der Situation richten sich bislang fast ausschließlich auf eine Verstärkung der staatlichen Regulierungsbemühungen, namentlich in Form der Abschaffung von Werkverträgen und Leiharbeit. Der Beitrag stellt diese Perspektive in Frage, indem er auf das komplexe Terrain der Informalisierung und Prekarisierung verweist, auf dem die Unternehmen der Fleischindustrie agieren. Im Kontrast zur dominierenden Darstellung der Beschäftigten als passive Opfer stellt der Text die Formen der Gegenwehr und Interessenwahrnehmung heraus, die sich bereits in den vergangenen Jahren beobachten ließen. Daran anknüpfend richtet er den Blick darauf, welche Perspektiven sich aus den gegenwärtigen Auseinandersetzungen für die Beschäftigten und gewerkschaftliche Politik ergeben.
Evaluation of Algorithmic Management of Digital Work Platform in Developing Countries
Authors: Samuel Ogunleye Olalekan , Mathias Kalema Billy
Published: November 2020

The economy of the Modern Work Platform is becoming increasingly relevant due to the spread of information and communication technology. As a result, digital work has gained popularity as a source of employment, especially in an economy where finding decent work is becoming increasingly difficult. Computer algorithms are now being used to alter and change the way people operate in increasing job specialization, handling large-scale human labour in a distributed manner. In these structures, human works are delegated, supplemented, and analyzed using tracked data and algorithms. Building on emerging algorithmic literature and qualitative examination, this article assesses the mechanisms by which the digital network manages staff in the sense of Uber, Bolt (formerly Taxify). It describes the difference in the degree to which such platforms limit freedoms over schedules and activities relevant to gig work. Based on in-depth interviews with 41 respondents working on different digital media and a survey of 105 staff on the same platform, the study finds that while all digital work platforms use algorithm management to delegate and assess work, substantial cross-platform variation. Uber, the largest network for ride-sharing, exercises a type of control called “algorithmic despotism” that controls the time and activities of staff more strictly than other network distribution firms. We end with a debate on the implications for the future of work of the spectrum of algorithmic power. It also addresses how algorithmic management and data-driven systems can be developed to build an improved workplace with intelligent machines, with implications for future work.
The 2020 Parliamentary Elections in Slovakia. Steadily Turbulent Change of Direction
Authors: Havlík Vlastimil , Nemčok Miroslav , Spáč Peter , Zagrapan Jozef
Published: November 2020

In recent years Slovakia witnessed a dynamic development with crucial consequences for its domestic politics. Vast civic mobilization, the emergence of new parties and decline of a long-term hegemon – all these features culminated in the 2020 general election. We first introduce the results and discuss them from a longitudinal perspective of Slovak politics. Most importantly, despite a considerably large portion of correctly casted ballots for parties which failed to pass the institutional thresholds, the outcomes do not suggest that the representativity or proportionality of the Slovak political system is about to suffer. Second, we focus on the rise and ideological appeals of populist political parties. Although similar in many ways, we show important differences in their ideological platforms.
The Role of Incumbency, Ethnicity, and New Parties in Electoral Volatility in Slovakia
Authors: Linek Lukáš , Gyárfášová Oľga
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes electoral volatility in the 2020 Slovak elections at the level of individual voters using exit poll surveys. The availability of exit polls from the previous elections of 2012 and 2016 allows us to put the 2020 election in context and analyze the patterns (and deviances from them) observed across the three elections. Furthermore, the paper summarizes the aggregate volatility since 1992, demonstrating a high level of net volatility with peaks of over 30 percent. As for the individual level, the analysis concentrates on three important issues in volatility research: (1) vote losses of government parties and the incumbent effect; (2) the role of new parties in mobilization of previous non-voters and first-time voters; (3) since Slovakia is a country with a significant Hungarian minority, special attention is given to vote switching by Hungarian voters and more general patterns of ethnic voting.
Big Debate, Small Effect: Impact of Televised Political Debates in Slovak Parliamentary Elections 2020
Authors: Világi Aneta , Baboš Pavol
Published: November 2020

Televised political debates have become a permanent part of electoral campaigns, the campaign finale. However, evidence that such debates can shift voters’ attitudes is mixed, while the impact on voters’ preferences is highly doubted. Our research contributes to this debate based on empirical data on the effects of televised debates in the 2020 parliamentary elections in Slovakia. In contrast to other research on the impact of TV debates’, we followed our participants for a longer period of time after the experiment, which allowed us to measure not only declared vote preference ex ante, but also reported behaviour ex post. We employed a pre-test/post-test experimental design in a controlled environment. The analysis investigates what effect debate exposure has on opinions about candidates’ leadership skills, credibility, and political competence.
Nina Jankowicz: How to Lose the Information War: Russia, Fake News, and the Future of Conflict
Authors: Syrovátka Jonáš
Published: November 2020

Nina Jankowicz: HOW TO LOSE THE INFORMATION WAR: RUSSIA, FAKE NEWS, AND THE FUTURE OF CONFLICT. London: I.B. Tauris. 2020. 288 pages
A new Dicranophragma (Diptera: Limoniidae) from a hypogeous environment in Catalonia (Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Mederos Jorge , Gago Sergi , Brañas Neus , Fadrique Floren , Caballero-López Berta , Masó Glòria
Published: November 2020

A new species of Limnophilinae (Diptera: Limoniidae), Dicranophragma (Brachylimnophila) relictum Mederos sp. nov., is described. This is the third species of this genus recorded from the Iberian Peninsula. This new species was discovered in a cave in the Sant Llorenç del Munt i Serra de l’Obac Natural Park, Barcelona Province (Catalonia) and it is the first record of a species of this genus from a hypogeous environment. The absence of suitable ecological conditions for the survival of this new species, particularly in the vicinity of the cave, suggests that this population of D. relictum Mederos sp. nov. is isolated. Dicranophragma relictum Mederos sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: a general grey-to-greenish-grey coloration on its thorax and a dark-grey abdomen; wings more than four times longer than wide; pale-brown-to-yellowish tinted wings, with brown veins and a well-marked stigma; in the male genitalia the upper part of the aedeagus is acute when viewed laterally and is longer than the lower part. A key is provided for separating the three species of Dicranophragma known to be present in the Iberian Peninsula.
Impact of human and relational capital on the profitability of commercial banks in Serbia
Authors: Pantelić Marija , Radić Siniša , Živanović Milutin
Published: November 2020

Intellectual capital encompasses resources that have become increasingly important for business entities. Most of empirical research studies have found strong evidence that investments in intellectual capital components, such as human, relational and structural capital, have a positive impact on the overall performance of companies. This paper examines the impact of investments in specific components of intellectual capital, primarily related to human and relational capital, on the profitability of commercial banks that operate in Serbia. Empirical analysis covers the postcrisis period from 2010 to 2016. Our sample consists of 154 bankyear observations (22 commercial banks in a 7-year period). The results show that the banks that operate in Serbia are characterized by a low level of labor efficiency and that traditional ways of building and maintaining good customer relations negatively affect the core business and total profitability. Therefore, one of the ways to increase the efficiency of investments in human capital and to improve customer relations could be to digitalize the business of commercial banks. Our findings also show that the banks that have higher deposit growth rates have higher core business profitability, as well as that the banks with higher share of company loans in total loan portfolio have higher total profitability.
Software support for financial reporting on the internet in the practice of companies in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Janaćković Tanja , Milovanović Slavoljub
Published: November 2020

Modern business conditions and the development of information technologies impose the need for introducing software solutions which will, if necessary, enable access to financial data via the internet. A significant segment of business activities of a modern company is to ensure the availability and processing of financial information at anytime and place. A great challenge encountered by companies today is the need to improve their operational efficiency in the creation and distribution of financial statements in accordance with legal regulations. Accordingly, the most advanced software solutions for financial reporting have been developed around the world. Thanks to the application of online accounting software, it is possible to access financial and business reports using a regular web browser, at anytime and location if internet access is provided. This paper includes empirical research of the features, advantages, functionalities, and modules of software solutions for web financial reporting in the practice of companies in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the paper is to perform an aggregate and quantitative analysis of software solutions that are most used in the practice of domestic companies, as well as to compare their characteristics with the characteristics of the best online accounting software solutions used worldwide, in order to point out their level of quality and functionality in modern business conditions.
Analysis of accountants' attitudes on regulation using data mining
Authors: Milutinović Sunčica , Grljević Olivera
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is evaluation of legal and international accounting regulations in terms of major deficiencies from the perspective of their users. Identification of the shortcomings of the current accounting regulations is important for improvement of laws governing accounting and audit practices, as they are in the process of public debate in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted to provide answers to the following research questions: What are the main deficiencies of regulations as considered by accountants? How do accountants get information on accounting regulations? And are the two research questions related? The targeted population comprises accountants and auditors employed in the private sector. Data collection was carried throughout the period of six months, during which we collected 338 fully completed questionnaires for the purposes of the study. Collected data was analysed using clustering data mining technique. Clustering algorithms enabled segmentation of surveyed accountants into well-separated and homogeneous groups of similar accountants. Analysis of the resulting clusters gave insights into the opinion and stance of accountants who exhibit similar characteristics. These insights form a solid basis for drawing conclusions on deficiencies of accounting regulations perceived by accountants in Serbia, which they are dealing with in day-to-day business.
Fraud prevention measures in Serbian small and medium-sized enterprises: Existence and effectiveness
Authors: Dimitrijević Dragomir , Karapavlović Nemanja , Milutinović Sunčica
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of enterprise characteristics on the degree of application of fraud prevention measures. In addition, this paper is supposed to show whether respondents' characteristics affecttheir opinion about the effectiveness of different fraud prevention measures, as well as if there is a difference between the degree of their implementation and respondents' opinion on their effectiveness. The research was conducted in November 2018 and the data were collected using a questionnaire which was taken overto a great extent from N'Guilla Sow, Basiruddin, Mohammad and Zaleha Abdul Rasid [17, pp. 514-517]. Although the non-parametric statistical techniques used showed that there is (1) no influence of enterprise characteristics on the existence of fraud prevention measures and (2) no influence of respondents' characteristics on their opinion about the effectiveness of fraud prevention measures, the median analysis showed that there is some influence. We have also found that there is some difference between the level of existence of the said measures and respondents' opinion about their effectiveness.
Challenges in tourist destination branding in Serbia: The case of Prolom Banja
Authors: Perić Goran , Mandarić Marija
Published: November 2020

Competition among tourist destinations is becoming more prevalent as many destinations offer the same or similar attractions, which is why destination branding is becoming one of the primary goals of destination management and marketing. A brand has also become an important factor because it gives added value and commits to providing potential tourists with experience of something special in a specific destination. Therefore, it is important to create a perception of distinctiveness of a destination in the minds of tourists. Branding allows a tourist destination to achieve numerous economic effects, primarily reflected in the increase in the number of tourists, development of business, as well as in attracting new investments. Previous research conducted in our country has not sufficiently addressed tourist destination branding, which directed this research paper toward the challenges of branding tourist destinations in Serbia, with special reference to Prolom Banja - one of the destinations specializing in health tourism. This research aims to determine tourist perception of Prolom Banja, as well as to identify key elements that can influence the branding of Prolom Banja as a destination specializing in health tourism. The study was conducted in February 2019 using the survey method - questionnaire technique. The study sample consisted of 195 respondents. Using optimal statistical methods, the collected data were analyzed and the results of the research were presented. The findings show that tourists have a positive perception of Prolom Banja, while the healing Prolom water, employees, undisturbed natural beauty, wellness, and treatment center offer have been identified as significant elements that can influence the branding of Prolom Banja. Implications, research limitations and suggestions for future research were also presented.
Foreign direct investments as a means of financing the economic development of Southeastern European countries
Authors: Stojanović Dragica
Published: November 2020

The paper analyzes the sources of Southeastern European countries' economic development financing - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Croatia, Romania, Macedonia, and Serbia in the period from year 2009 to year 2018. The research focus is on the one hand directed towards the analysis of the economic growth rate, the share of domestic savings and the current account balance. On the other hand, particular attention in the analysis is given to the data on the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The analysis in the paper indicates that due to the lack of domestic savings and difficulties with foreign borrowing, in the observed period, foreign direct investment was the most represented source of financing for economic development. The analysis for the SEE countries also shows that the lack of domestic savings caused the unfavorable structure of foreign direct investment flows with the end result of a low economic growth rate. When it comes to the relevance of foreign direct investment for the long-term economic development of Southeastern European countries, the paper concludes that a more active development policy is needed, aimed at increasing the share of domestic savings in gross domestic product as well as the growth of the domestic investment. Simply put, in present circumstances, it is unrealistic to rely heavily on foreign investments.
Post-episiotomy chronic neuropatic pain: Postpartal chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Jovičić Jelena , Čegar Bojan , Petrović Nataša , Lađević Nikola , Gvozdić Branka , Magdelinić Anđela
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Chronic postsurgical pain has an estimated mean incidence of 30% and varies according to the type of surgery and patient characteristics. The pain can be severe and result in clinically relevant functional impairment reported by 5-10% of patients. Epidemiological surveys have shown that many patients with neuropathic pain do not receive appropriate treatment. Bio-psycho-social model of chronic pain is highly expressive in neuropathic pain management and requires the adjustment of the therapeutic approach. Case Report: A 37-year-old female complained of numbness, burning, and discomfort of the perineum. In 2016, after the vaginal baby delivery followed by episiotomy, she experienced discomfort and variety of painful sensations in the episiotomy incision region. A year later, after a hemorrhoid surgery followed by episiotomy scar reconstruction symptoms intensified with a strong influence on the patient's psychosocial condition. Consultation of obstetrician, psychiatrist and neurologist took part. Nevertheless, after two years had passed without significant clinical improvement, the patient was referred to a pain specialist. The pain specialist noticed inconsistency in the current treatment and the pain assessment was done only by one specialist. Testing revealed severe symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia, impaired psychosocial functioning related to chronic postsurgical pain. Pregabalin and duloxetine were introduced into the therapy and significantly improved pain relief and psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: Chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome which is not necessarily related to extensive surgical stimulus. The multidisciplinary therapy approach is crucial. Health providers who understand bio-psycho-social origin of chronic pain should be members of a multidisciplinary team.
Applegarth: Rhetoric in American Anthropology
Authors: Huebner Daniel R.
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:

Risa Applegarth, Rhetoric in American AnthropologyPittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014Pp. xii+267ISBN10: 0822962950ISBN13: 9780822962953Price: €28,09
“FLOW-STRETCHING”OF PULSES IN PULSED CO2 LASERS——A STUDY OF HIGH PRESSURE,FAST SPEED FLOW,PULSE EXCITED AND QUASI CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CO2 LASERS
Authors: GAO ZHI
Published: November 2020

A pulse "flow-stretching" technique is suggested in an attempt to increase pulse width in the CO2 lasers. The conditions, characteristics and requirements of pulse flow-stretching are elucidated. Optical cavity is located on the downstream of the dis-charge region, or they may be partly overlapped. The pulse width so broadened could be just greater than the time required for the stream to cross over the discharge region. This is an upper limit of pulse stretching. The analytical solution for non-equilibrium relaxation processes without radiation is obtained. The small-signal gain characteristics is presented. By utilizing the theory given in the articles[18,19], we have calculated the power output and the efficiency. The small-signal gain is in the range of nearly a few thousandth to a few hundredth per centimeter and energy efficiency, 5-15%. Influences of gas composition and pressure on the power output and effici-ency have been considered.
A NEW MODE OF FOUR-POINT PROBE TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SEMICONDUCTOR SHEET RESISTANCE
Authors: SU CHANG-HOU
Published: November 2020

A new method for measuring sheet resistance of semiconductor using four-point probe has been developed. Its characteristies are as follows, (a) the distances between probes can be unequal for the large thin slices as well as for the samples with finite extent. The result obtained does not depend on the probe spacings. Errors due to unequal probe spacings are eliminated; (b) it is not neccesaxy to take into account the geometry corrections for the rectangular and circular small specimens. The knowledge of its dimensions, so that, is needless. The value of the resistance can be determined from electrical measurement only.
A UNITARY GROUP TREATMENT FOR STRONG CRYSTAL FIELD IN OCTAHEDRAL SYMMETRY
Authors: WEN ZHEN-YI
Published: November 2020

By utilizing the commutation properties of second quantized operators, a chain of groups has been obtained. This chain can serve the purpose of classifying state of d-electrons in octahedral symmetry. The symmetry wave functions, which are adapted to the chain of groups and expressed in the form of linear combinations of Gelfand state, are constructed. Moreover, The methods of calculating matrix elements are discussed systematically in this paper.
ANOMALOUS IMPURITY SEGREGATION IN InSb SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: YU ZHEN-ZHONG  , JIN GANG  , CHEN XIN-QIANG  , MA KE-JUN
Published: November 2020

The impurity distributions on the cross-section of Te-doped and non-doped InSb single crystals are determined by means of Hall technique and mass-spectrum analysis. Results of measurements show clearly that the impurity segregation is anomalous on the facets. These phenomena are discussed in connection with the mechanism of the facet effect. An explicit expression based on thermodynamic considerations is derived and applied to explain the observed anomalous segregation phenomena.
AN APPROXIMATE Tc FORMULA OF TYPE A SUPERCONDUCTORS (Ⅰ)——CASE OF μ*= 0
Authors: WU HANG-SHENG  , ZHOU ZI-FANG  , WANG ZHONG-YAN  , ZHANG XI-XIANG
Published: November 2020

By using numerical method, the superconducting critical temperature Tc is cal-culated from the Eliashberg equation and the dependence of Tc on λ and the shape of effective phonon spectrum is investigated. In this study, α2F(ω) is taken as the double delta-function spectrum and the spectrum parameters are permited to change over a wide range. It is found with surprising that in the regime of λc series solution, Tc depends, not only on λ and ratios of moments but also on Λ, the reciprocal of the convergence radius of the Tc series solution, and the relation between them shows a certain regularity. Under the light of these results, an approximate Tc formula for the case of μ*= 0 is constructed in the regime of λ 0, or Λ is greater than λ0 but λ is smaller than λ0. Here, λ0 is a parameter depending on the shape of spectrum and its definition is given in this paper. For other type A.superconductors (λ0c is determined is not λ, but δ=1/∧0.5(ω1/2/ωlog)5.5λ1.55.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE GENERATION LIFETIME AND SURFACE GENERATION VELOCITY BY THE LINEAR-SWEEP MOS-CV METHOD
Authors: BAO ZONG-MING  , SU JIU-LING
Published: November 2020

A simple method has been developed to determine the generation lifetime and surface generation velocity simultaneously. This method is based upon the high frequency C-V characteristics derived in response to a linear voltage sweep. The experimental results are given for the cases in which the present method is applicable.
CT-6 TOKAMAK RESEARCH (Ⅱ)——EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Authors:   中国科学院物理研究所一○四组
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the phenomena observed and characteristic relations deduced from large amount of experimental data accumulated during more than 40000 experimental discharges on CT-6 tokamak are described. They are related to the following aspects of tokamak plasma: conditions for stable tokamak discharge, stages of toroidal discharge formation, impurity behaviour and plasma-wall interactions, etc.
THE CONFORMASTAT FLAT SOLUTION AND THE NORMALITY OF THE ENERGY-MONENTUM PSEUDO-TENSOR OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELD IN THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION
Authors: ZHONG ZAI-ZHE
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we have found the conformastat flat solution in the theory of gravita-tion by eondering the vector graviton field and the metric field. We introduce Hu-Ning's expression into this theory, then it appears also as the conservative expression of energy-monentum. For the gravitational field of singular centralized mass, it can be shown, as in GR, that the gravitational mass and the inertial mass are equal. But Einstein's principle of equivalence doesn't hold in this theory. When n<l/4, by the con-formastat flat solution, the energy-monentum pseudotensor of the gravitational field is normal.
INFLUENCE OF EARTH'S CURVATURE ON CALCULATION OF IONOSPHERE REFLECTION AT LF AND VLF BANDS
Authors: PAN WEI-YAN
Published: November 2020

The influence of the earth's curvature on calculation of ionosphere reflection coefficients at LF and VLF bands is discussed. By developping Maxwell equations in the spherical coordinate, a differential equation system for transverse components of electromagnetic waves has been achieved. The value of admittance matrix A at the bottom of ionosphere is able to be countted with the similar method given by Budden.Then the ionosphere reflection coefficients is able to be countted with the spherical stratified model.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RECOVERY OF DEFORMED IRON BY POSITRON ANNIHILATION
Authors: CAO CHUAN  , WANG YUN-YU  , XIONG XING-MIN  , XIONG LIANG-YUE  , JIANG JIAN  ,   (1)中国科学院高能物理研究所; (2)中国科学院金属研究所
Published: November 2020

The recovery behavior of the 60% deformed iron in various stages of isochronal annealing has been investigated by positron annihilation technique. The experimental results show that both the average life time τ and the lineshape parameter S of the positron annihilation may be expressed as functions of annealing temperatures. Life time τf of the positron annihilated in the perfect lattice is found to be 111 ± 1 ps, while τd in the defect lattice to be 162 ± 1 ps. Trapping rates and τ1 are calculated, these values are in good agreement with those predicted by trapping theory. It is obtained from the calculation that the rang of fractional concentration of defect trapping positron is 10-7-10-4.
THE VISIBLE AND INFRARED REFRACTIVE INDEX DISPERSION OF YTTRIUM IRON GARNET
Authors: HE YU-QUAN  , GUAN TIE-LIANG  ,   西南应用磁学研究所
Published: November 2020

The refractive index dispersion data of the single crystal yttrium iron garnet are obtained from reflectivity measurements on natural crystal faces. The esults are analyzed using Sellmeier three-term oscillator and power series expression. The deviation of measured and calculated refractive index is about 0.003 over the wavelenth range 0.5 to 5.5 μm
THE CHARACTER OF THE COUPLING OF LOWER HYBRID WAVE WITH GRILL IN TOKAMAK
Authors: MA ZHONG-FANG  , LI DA-FENG  , CHEN JI  ,   中国科学院等离子体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The influence of the abrupt density change near the limiter radius in Tokamak on the coupling of lower hybrid wave with grill is considered. It is discovered that the serious wave reflection, which exists in the region of the abrupt density change, would reduce the coupling efficiency of the grill. A standing wave is formed between the region of the abrupt density change and vacuum chamber wall by the reflected wave. The power and the energy flux spectra would be changed and more sensitive to the plasma boundary condition. In addition, the accessibility criterion of LH wave would be loosened.
THE SPACE-TIME CORRELATION OF THE FLUCTUATION IN A CHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEM (I)——FLUCTUATION, DIFFUSION AND WARES
Authors: HUO YU-PING  ,   中国科学院等离子体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In this article, the question about how to describe the space correlation of the fluctuation in a chemical reaction system has been analysed. Eeferring to the reaction-diffusion equation., we have successfully introduced the diffusion or pressure terms into master equation of the probability distribution function of density. Solving this master equation for infinite medium, a series of waves have been obtained. The first branch is the average density wave which has already been obtained from the reaction-diffusion equation. It is just the acoustic wave in gases. Other branches decribe the propagation of the fluctuation moments of the local density. They present the propagation processes of the local distortion of the probability distribution function. The method to solve the initial problem of the master equation have also been discussed.
A SCHEME OF HOLOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR OBTAINING A SINGLE MASK FOR REALIZATION OF GENERALIZED TRANSFORMS
Authors: CHENG LU  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: November 2020

A scheme of multi-exposure holographic method for obtaining a single mask for realization of a kind of unitary transforms is suggested. The formula of signal-to-noise ratio of the transform due to masks of this sort is deduced from a statistical point of view.
PLASMA KINETIC EQUATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH CONSTANT ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: QIN YUN-WEN  ,   中国西南物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A kinetic equation for uniform plasma in the presence of both constant electric and magnetic fields was obtained by the method of micro-density in the phase space.
THE SECONDARY EXTINCTION CORRECTION IN SINGLE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Authors: GAO YU-MING  , LI DE-YU  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a procedure and its computer program for including secondary extinction as a parameter in crystal structure least-squares analysis are described. The effect of its use in some crystal structure analysis refinements is also given.
A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVE AGENTS (2Fe)· Sn ON X-RAY DIFFRACTION RELATIVE INTENSITY I200/I111 OF PERMANENT MAGNET SmCo5
Authors: LU YUN-JIN  , YANG XING-SHUI  , ZHAO JI-WAN  , WANG GUI-QIN  , ZHANG SHI-YUAN  , LIU CHANG-QING  ,   (1)南京大学化学系; (2)南京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The effect of entering of Fe-atoms and Sn-atoms into crystal lattice of permanent magnet SmCo5 on the X-ray diffraction relative intensities is studied. It is observed that the Fe-atoms can replace the Co-atoms on any site, but they replace Co2c more readily.However, the Sn-atoms replace the Co-atoms or 3 g sites more easily. The replacement of Co-atoms by the Sn-atoms can increases the ratio of X-ray diffraction relative intensity I200/I111, but the striking changes of this ratio is largely due to the alignment, the order of Fe, Sn atoms, the improvement of internal stress conditions, and the controlling of the ～750℃ phase transformation.
A STUDY OF THE SUPER-CONDUCTIVITY OF FAST QUENCHED Al-Si ALLOY
Authors: GUAN WEI-YAN  , CHEN XI-SHEN  , WANG ZU-LUN  , YI SUN-SHENG  , LIN YING  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The effect of heat treatment on the microstrueture and Superconducting properties of the eutectic alloy Al- 11.3 at % Si prepared by the splat quenching technique has! been studied. The results of structure analyses indicated that the rapidly cooled Al-11.3 at % Si alloy consists of two phases: a supersaturated α-Al(Si) solid solution and an amorphous phase of Al and Si atoms which are distributed statistically. After annealing at 100℃ for 50 hr. the Si content of the solid solution phase is reduced and some dispersive Si granules separate out from the amorphous phase. After annealing at 200℃ for 100 hr. the specimens precipitated completely. Superconducting transition temperature Tc was measured. The anomalous magnetoresistivity in supereondueting-normal transitions has been found in the sample after annealing at 100℃ for 50hr. Our results reveal the existence of two superconducting phases in this sample.
FEYNMAN'S PATH-INTEGRAL METHOD AND HAWKING EVAPORATION
Authors: LIU LIAO  ,   北京师范大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Though there are various methods in deriving the Hawking evaporation formula, but all of them depend on explicit forms of the space-time metrics. Not long ago, we have put forward a conjecture. "Independent of the explicit forms of space-time metrics, every static or stationary space-time with furture horizon must have Hawking evaporation." Now in this paper, we give a full proof of this conjecture.
QUARKONIUM POTENTIAL MODEL WITH A NON-ZERO GLUON EFFECTIVE MASS
Authors: HE ZUO-XIU  , LIN DA-HANG  , ZHAO PEI-ZHEN  ,   (1)清华大学; (2)中国科学院理论物理研究所
Published: November 2020

Aecording to Parisi's suggestion, we assume that the gluon possesses a non-zero effective mass μ. From this assumption, we derive an effective Hamiltonian up to order β2 for quarkonium. For μ = 0.8 GeVand 0.4 GeV, we find the spectra as well as the relative leptonic widths for charmonium and upsilon, which are in good agreement with experiment.
THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DIHYDROXY-ETHYLENEDIAMINE-MALONATOPLATINUM
Authors: XU XIAO-JIE  , ZHANG ZE-YING  , TANG WEN-XIA  ,   (1)北京大学物理化学研究所; (2)南京大学络合物研究所
Published: November 2020

The crystal structure of Pt(en) (mal) (OH)2H2O has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected by Syntex P3/R3 four circle diffractometer. The crystal is triclinic with space group P1, α =8.4526(15)?, b=6.0947 (8)?, c=10.1854 (15)?, α = 106.48°(I), β= 103.65°(I), γ= 79.12° (I), and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been solved by Patterson method and refined by block least square refinement for positional parameters and anisotropic tempreture factors of nonhydrogen atoms. The final R factor is 0.055.The result of crystal structure analysis shows that the platinum atom is inovolved in a d2sp3 hybridization and an octahedral configuration.
ON THE FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE POTENTIAL IN SCALAR QED
Authors: CHEN ZONG-YUN  , ZHOU YI-CHANG  , HUANG NIAN-NING  ,   (1)暨南大学物理系; (2)中山大学物理系
Published: November 2020

In this note, we developed a new functional evaluation method for effective potential in scalar QED. This evaluation method is more simple and feasible, but doesn't include more approximation than the previous methods.
PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE ALLOYS IN Dy-Ni BINARY SYSTEM
Authors: ZHENG JIAN-XUAN  , WANG CHUN-ZHENG  ,   广西大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The dysprosium-nickel phase diagram has been completed by X-rays in conjunction with differential thermal analysis. The intermetallic compound DyNi4 was detected, and the new intermetallic compound Dy4Ni17 was observed.In this system there exist ten intermetallic compounds: Dy3Ni,Dy3Ni2,DyNi,DyNi2,DyNi3,Dy2Ni7,DyNi4,Dy4Ni17,DyNi5, and Dy2Ni17. The intermetallic compounds DyNi and DyNi5 melt congruently at 1248℃and 1387℃, and the intermetallic compounds Dy3NiDy3Ni2,DyNi2,DyNi3,Dy2Ni7,DyNi4,Dy4Ni17 and Dy2Ni17 are formed by eight peritectic reactions at 762℃, 928℃, 1258℃, 1283℃, 1307℃, 1336℃, 1352℃ and 1321℃, respectively. Three eutectic reactions occur: at 31 at% Ni and 693℃, 56 at% Ni and 1173℃, 93 at% Ni and 1279℃. Neither Dy in Ni nor Ni in Dy shows any detectable solid solubility.
A PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE La-Co-Ni TERNARY SYSTEM
Authors: ZHENG JIAN-XUAN  , LI GUO-YUN  ,   广西大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The phase diagram of the La-Co-Ni (La 32.2 wt%) ternary system at room temperature has been determined by X-ray powder method and metallographic examination.The isothermal section at room temperature was found to consist of four single-phase regions: α,β, LaCo13 and LaCo5xNi5-5x; five two-phase regions: α+β, α+LaCo13, β+LaCo13, β+LaCo5xNi5-5x and LaCo13+LaCo5xNi5-5x; two three-phase regions : α + β + LaCo13 and β+LaCo13+LaCo5xNi5-5x. No new phase has been observed in this range. X-ray analysis showed that the maximum solubility of La in β is about 9 wt%.
MODIFICATION OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF THE SERIES FORMULA FOR THE SUPERCONDUCTING CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
Authors: LI HONG-CHENG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The coefficients of the series formula for the superconducting critical temperature have been determined by using the numerical solutions in which the value of λ is low. The new coefficients can be used not only in the case of small λ, but also in large λ cases.
ION OPTICAL THEORY FOR THE THIRD ORDER TRAJECTORY IN A CROSSED TOROIDAL ELECTRIC AND INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD (I)——CALCULATION OF TRAJECTORY AND MATRIX FORMALISM
Authors: CHENG REN-SHU  , XIMEN JI-YE  ,   北京大学无线电电子学系
Published: November 2020

In this part, the third order radial ion trajectory and the second order axial ion trajectory for a crossed toroidal electric and inhomogeneous magnetic field are studied. The formulae for the third order trajectory and slope are derived, which cover most cases of sector fields and in special cases agree with those already presented by previous authors. Therefore, these results are general and may be of use in designing mass spectrometers. The effects of oblique entrance and exit, curved field boundary and fringing field have not been studied yet.
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY UNDER A STEADY NATURAL CONVECTION FLOW
Authors: TU XIANG-ZHENG  ,   中国科学院半导休研究所
Published: November 2020

The temperature gradient liquid phase epitaxy under a steady natural convection flow was introduced. The steady natural convection flow was caused by applying a horizontal temperature difference to the growth solution. The growth rate in this process was calculated using a simple model. It was found that the growth rate is directly proportional to the square root of the horizontal temperature difference and for Ga0.85Al0.15 As growth under the condition employed in the present work the growth rate is 1124 times as great as that predicted by the steady state diffusion theory and the deviation of epitaxial layer thickness is not more than 10% over the most part of area of growth layer. The experimental growth system designed for the temperature gradient liquid phase epitaxy under a steady natural convection flow was described. This system was used to grow thick Ga0.85Al0.15 As layers. The experimental result shows that the observed growth rate is directly proportional to the power 0.45 of the horizontal temperature difference and for Ga0.85Al0.15 As growth the observed growth rate is 156 times as great as that predicted by the steady state diffusion theory and is one-eighth as great as that predicted by the convection theory and at a relatively small horizontal temperature difference the deviation of epitaxial layer thickness is in agreement with the calculated value by the convection theory. The calculated growth rate is higher than the observed growth rate. That is attributed to some approximations made and some indefinite parameters used. Owing to an increase in growth rate the present work was able to grew thick Ga1-xAlx As layers at the temperature which is 135-210℃ lower than that used for the similar work.
A INTERNAL FRICTION PEAK DUE TO TRACE HYDROGEN IN H.C.P. LATTICE α-PHASE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
Authors: DU JIA-JU  ,   中国科学院金属研究所
Published: November 2020

Internal friction of hydrogenated Ti, Ti-6A1-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn and Ti-50Nb alloys in the range of 100 K to 350 K was measured. It was found that there was not only a known Snoek peak of hydrogen atoms in the β-phase, but also a new relaxation peak caused by the small amount of hydrogen atoms in the h.c.p. lattice α-phase. The mechanism, by which this new peak is produced, is suggested.