bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Objective Scheduling Optimization Model for a Multi-Energy Complementary System Considering Different Operation Strategies
Authors: Ju Liwei , Li Peng , Tan Qinliang , Wang Lili , Tan Zhongfu , Wang Wei , Qu Jingyan
Published: November 2018

In order to reduce the amount of abandoned clean energy, the complementary characterization of wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic power plants (PVs), hydropower stations (HSs), and thermal power plants (TPPs) combined with energy storage devices (ESDs) is considered, and they are integrated into a multi-energy complementary system (MECS). Firstly, a scenario-generating technique is proposed for uncertainty factors using the Wasserstein method and the improved K-medoids theory. Then, a multi-objective model and solution algorithm are constructed under the objectives of attaining the maximum operation revenue, the minimum abandoned energy cost, and the minimum output fluctuations. Meanwhile, the influence of different ESD operation modes on MECS operation is discussed, specifically, the longest life cycle (LLC) and the optimum economic efficiency (OEE). Thirdly, in order to solve the multi-objective model, a solution algorithm is proposed by using the rough set method to convert the multi-objective model into a single objective model based on the payoff table. Moreover, the complementary features of the MECS are evaluated in terms of the load tracking degree, HS secondary peaking capacity, and units of coal consumption. Finally, the improved IEEE 14-bus system is chosen for the simulation analysis. The results show that (1) the proposed uncertainty simulation method can efficiently generate the most representative scenarios; (2) MECSs can utilize complementary power sources, the OEE mode can better optimize MECS scheduling, and the LLC mode can ensure the ESDs’ life cycles; (3) the scheduling scheme of MECS operation reach the optimal level when the capacity ratio of ESD:WPP–PV iso [0.62, 0.77] in the OEE mode and [1, 1.08] in the LLC mode on a typical summer day, and the ratio is [0.92, 1] in the OEE mode and [1.23, 1.31] in the LLC mode on a typical winter day. Therefore, the proposed model provides effective decision-making support for designing the optimal plan for MECS operation.
Adaptive Framework for Multi-Feature Hybrid Object Tracking
Authors: Khattak Ahmad Saeed , Raja Gulistan , Anjum Nadeem
Published: November 2018

Object tracking is a computer vision task deemed necessary for high-level intelligent decision-making algorithms. Researchers have merged different object tracking techniques and discovered a new class of hybrid algorithms that is based on embedding a meanshift (MS) optimization procedure into the particle filter (PF) (MSPF) to replace its inaccurate and expensive particle validation processes. The algorithm employs a combination of predetermined features, implicitly assuming that the background will not change. However, the assumption of fully specifying the background of the object may not often hold, especially in an uncontrolled environment. The first innovation of this research paper is the development of a dynamically adaptive multi-feature framework for MSPF (AMF-MSPF) in which features are ranked by a ranking module and the top features are selected on-the-fly. As a consequence, it improves local discrimination of the object from its immediate surroundings. It is also highly desirable to reduce the already complex framework of the MSPF to save resources to implement a feature ranking module. Thus, the second innovation of this research paper introduces a novel technique for the MS optimization method, which reduces its traditional complexity by an order of magnitude. The proposed AMF-MSPF framework is tested on different video datasets that exhibit challenging constraints. Experimental results have shown robustness, tracking accuracy and computational efficiency against these constraints. Comparison with existing methods has shown significant improvements in term of root mean square error (RMSE), false alarm rate (FAR), and F-SCORE.
Further Investigations into the Capacitive Imaging Technique Using a Multi-Electrode Sensor
Authors: Li Zhen , Chen Guoming , Gu Yue , Wang Kefan , Li Wei , Yin Xiaokang
Published: November 2018

As a novel non-destructive testing technique, capacitive imaging (CI) has been used to detect defects within the insulation layer and metal surface of an insulated metallic structure, that is, pipe or vessel. Due to the non-linearity of the probing field, the defects at different depths in the insulation layer are difficult to compare accurately using the conventional CI sensor with a single pair of electrodes. In addition, the conventional CI sensor cannot provide adequate information to discriminate the defects in the insulation layer and metal surface. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the multi-electrode sensor is introduced. The multi-electrode sensor uses multiple quasi-static fringing electric fields generated by an array of coplanar electrodes to obtain extra information about the defects in the specimen. In this work, the feasibility of multiple quasi-static electric fields detecting the defects was demonstrated and the Measurement Sensitivity Distributions (MSDs) of the multi-electrode sensor detecting the defects were acquired using the FEM models. The simulation and experimental results show that the Dynamic Change Rates (DCRs) of the measured values obtained at the center of the defects in the insulator layer and metal surface present different variation patterns, which can be used to discriminate these two different kinds of defects. The reasons for the different variation patterns of DCRs were explained by the changing trends of MSDs with increased electrode separation. In addition, it was demonstrated that the different depths of the defects in the insulator layer can be compared accurately by comprehensive analysis of the detection results from all the electrode pairs.
Design of a Huggable Social Robot with Affective Expressions Using Projected Images
Authors: Nunez Eleuda , Hirokawa Masakazu , Suzuki Kenji
Published: November 2018

We introduce Pepita, a caricatured huggable robot capable of sensing and conveying affective expressions by means of tangible gesture recognition and projected avatars. This study covers the design criteria, implementation and performance evaluation of the different characteristics of the form and function of this robot. The evaluation involves: (1) the exploratory study of the different features of the device, (2) design and performance evaluation of sensors for affective interaction employing touch, and (3) design and implementation of affective feedback using projected avatars. Results showed that the hug detection worked well for the intended application and the affective expressions made with projected avatars were appropriated for this robot. The questionnaires analyzing users’ perception provide us with insights to guide the future designs of similar interfaces.
Implementation of Explosion Safety Regulations in Design of a Mobile Robot for Coal Mines
Authors: Novák Petr , Kot Tomáš , Babjak Jan , Konečný Zdeněk , Moczulski Wojciech , Rodriguez López Ángel
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on specific challenges of the design of a reconnaissance mobile robotic system aimed for inspection in underground coal mine areas after a catastrophic event. Systems that are designated for these conditions must meet specific standards and regulations. In this paper is discussed primarily the main conception of meeting explosion safety regulations of European Union 2014/34/EU (also called ATEX—from French “Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives”) for Group I (equipment intended for use in underground mines) and Category M1 (equipment designed for operation in the presence of an explosive atmosphere). An example of a practical solution is described on main subsystems of the mobile robot TeleRescuer—a teleoperated robot with autonomy functions, a sensory subsystem with multiple cameras, three-dimensional (3D) mapping and sensors for measurement of gas concentration, airflow, relative humidity, and temperatures. Explosion safety is ensured according to the Technical Report CLC/TR 60079-33 “s” by two main independent protections—mechanical protection (flameproof enclosure) and electrical protection (automatic methane detector that disconnects power when methane breaches the enclosure and gets inside the robot body).
Intercomparison of the CALMET/CALPUFF Modeling System for Selected Horizontal Grid Resolutions at a Local Scale: A Case Study of the MSWI Plant in Krakow, Poland
Authors: Oleniacz Robert , Rzeszutek Mateusz
Published: November 2018

Increase in grid resolution in atmospheric non-steady-state dispersion models induces a more faithful reflection of the area surface, and thus contributes to more detailed and diversified calculation results but also significantly prolongs the calculation time. This paper presents the influence of horizontal grid resolution in the CALMET/CALPUFF modeling system on the results of air quality impact assessment in a local scale carried out for the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Plant in Krakow using the maximum permissible emission of NOx. Subject to comparative analysis were four grids of the following resolutions: 100, 250, 500 and 1000 m. A direct intercomparison of air concentrations was made for 676 discrete receptors with the use of statistical indicators. On the basis of the calculations and analyses, it has been stated that, depending on the regular grid spacing, some differences in calculated concentrations can occur affecting the results of the air quality impact assessment. The highest concentrations in all computational receptors present in the given case were obtained for 100 m grid spacing. When compared to a grid of 100 m, the relatively smallest discrepancies were obtained for a grid of 250 m, with an already significantly shortened calculation time.
A Review of the Developed New Model Biodiesels and Their Effects on Engine Combustion and Emissions
Authors: Liu Shenghua , Chen Wei , Zhu Zengqiang , Jiang Sa , Ren Tongtong , Guo Hejun
Published: November 2018

Biodiesel is regarded to be a renewable, CO2 neutral and thus sustainable biological alternative diesel fuel. With attention to the reduction of petroleum import, PM 2.5 aerosol particles and the greenhouse effect gas CO2, biodiesel has drawn great research interests and efforts in the past decade in China. Generally, biodiesel refers to fatty acid methyl ether (FAME) which has a proved effect in reducing diesel emission, particularly PM. However, FAME has a limited cetane number and oxygen content, to study the effects of elevated cetane number and oxygen content on fuel properties, engine combustion and emissions, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used to produce a series of new models of biodiesels by transesterification method. The feedstocks are rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil. Ether group alcohols used in this study include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The molecular structure was proved by FT-IR and NMR analyses. Fuel properties were measured based on the corresponding standards. The developed new model biodiesels have cetane number (CN) over 70 and oxygen content over 17% by mass, which are higher than FAME (50 CN and 11% oxygen). They have the same level of lower heating value as FAME, but have a higher density, which helps to compensate the decrease of engine power. Meanwhile, the engine tests were carried out to investigate the effects of ether ester group on engine combustion and emissions. The test results show that FAME reduced smoke 30% to 50%, while the new model biodiesel fuels reduced engine smoke as high as 80% and have the potential to decrease engine HC, CO and NOx emissions 50% or more.
Induction Heating-Assisted Compaction in Porous Asphalt Pavements: A Computational Study
Authors: Zhou Changhong , Liu Xueyan , Apostolidis Panos , Scarpas A. (Tom) , He Liang
Published: November 2018

Low temperature asphalt (LTA) technologies, such as warm-mixed asphalt mixes, are utilized in the paving industry to lower energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions during asphalt mixing and pavement construction. However, the asphalt mixes developed that incorporate LTA additives are more sensitive than hot-mixed asphalts to temperature reduction during compaction, which leads to inadequate compaction and subsequent poor pavement performance. The induction heating-assisted compaction of pavement structures appears to be an effective way to ameliorate such issues and to improve mix compactability at lower temperatures. Considering that induction-assisted compaction is a complex process, a computational methodology is proposed in this paper. A porous asphalt concrete mix was considered as case material. For the pavement compaction analyses after induction, the temperature field generated by electromagnetic induction was predicted and the material parameters of asphalt mortar were adjusted. The effect of induction heating on asphalt compaction effectiveness, the tendency of mix density changing, the increase in compactor passes, and the influence of temperature on compaction at different locations in the pavement were studied as well.
Agustín de Betancourt’s Double-Acting Steam Engine: Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering
Authors: Rojas-Sola José , De la Morena-De la Fuente Eduardo
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the double-acting steam engine designed by Agustín de Betancourt in 1789 and based on the steam engine of James Watt. Its novelty and scientific interest lies in the fact that from the point of view of industrial archaeology and the study of technical historical heritage there is no worldwide study on this invention, which marked a historic milestone in the design of the steam engines of the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840). This underscores the utility and originality of this research. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method of the 3D CAD model of the invention under real operating conditions. The results have shown that the double-acting steam engine was correctly designed considering that the values of the maximum von Mises stress (188.4 MPa) obtained were taken away from the elastic limit of the material it was made of (cast iron), as well as to the maximum deformations (0.14% with respect to its length) obtained in the same element that presents the maximum stress (opening axle of the high pressure steam valve). Similarly, the maximum displacements (18.74 mm) are located in the mobile counterweights that transmit certain inertia to facilitate the opening and closing of the valves. Finally, if we look at the results of the safety coefficient, whose lowest value was 4.02, we could say that the invention was oversized, following constructive criteria of the time, as there were no resistance tests on materials that would help in the optimization of the design of the invention.
Microparticle Manipulation and Imaging through a Self-Calibrated Liquid Crystal on Silicon Display
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Lizana Angel , Van Eeckhout Albert , Turpin Alex , Ramirez Claudio , Iemmi Claudio , Campos Juan
Published: November 2018

We present in this paper a revision of three different methods we conceived in the framework of liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) display optimization and application. We preliminarily demonstrate an LCoS self-calibration technique, from which we can perform a complete LCoS characterization. In particular, two important characteristics of LCoS displays are retrieved by using self-addressed digital holograms. On the one hand, we determine its phase-voltage curve by using the interference pattern generated by a digital two-sectorial split-lens configuration. On the other hand, the LCoS surface profile is also determined by using a self-addressed dynamic micro-lens array pattern. Second, the implementation of microparticle manipulation through optical traps created by an LCoS display is demonstrated. Finally, an LCoS display based inline (IL) holographic imaging system is described. By using the LCoS display to implement a double-sideband filter configuration, this inline architecture demonstrates the advantage of obtaining dynamic holographic imaging of microparticles independently of their spatial positions by avoiding the non-desired conjugate images.
A Fully Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics Method for Analysis of Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Under Wind-Wave Excitation Conditions Based on OC5 Data
Authors: Zhang Yin , Kim Bumsuk
Published: November 2018

Accurate prediction of the time-dependent system dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) under aero-hydro-coupled conditions is a challenge. This paper presents a numerical modeling tool using commercial computational fluid dynamics software, STAR-CCM+(V12.02.010), to perform a fully coupled dynamic analysis of the DeepCwind semi-submersible floating platform with the National Renewable Engineering Lab (NREL) 5-MW baseline wind turbine model under combined wind–wave excitation environment conditions. Free-decay tests for rigid-body degrees of freedom (DOF) in still water and hydrodynamic tests for a regular wave are performed to validate the numerical model by inputting gross system parameters supported in the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlations (OC5) project. A full-configuration FOWT simulation, with the simultaneous motion of the rotating blade due to 6-DOF platform dynamics, was performed. A relatively heavy load on the hub and blade was observed for the FOWT compared with the onshore wind turbine, leading to a 7.8% increase in the thrust curve; a 10% decrease in the power curve was also observed for the floating-type turbines, which could be attributed to the smaller project area and relative wind speed required for the rotor to receive wind power when the platform pitches. Finally, the tower-blade interference effects, blade-tip vortices, turbulent wakes, and shedding vortices in the fluid domain with relatively complex unsteady flow conditions were observed and investigated in detail.
Impulse Noise Denoising Using Total Variation with Overlapping Group Sparsity and Lp-Pseudo-Norm Shrinkage
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Chen Yingpin , Lin Fan , Chen Yuqun , Yu Fei , Cai Zongfu
Published: November 2018

Models based on total variation (TV) regularization are proven to be effective in removing random noise. However, the serious staircase effect also exists in the denoised images. In this study, two-dimensional total variation with overlapping group sparsity (OGS-TV) is applied to images with impulse noise, to suppress the staircase effect of the TV model and enhance the dissimilarity between smooth and edge regions. In the traditional TV model, the L1-norm is always used to describe the statistics characteristic of impulse noise. In this paper, the Lp-pseudo-norm regularization term is employed here to replace the L1-norm. The new model introduces another degree of freedom, which better describes the sparsity of the image and improves the denoising result. Under the accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework, Fourier transform technology is introduced to transform the matrix operation from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, which improves the efficiency of the algorithm. Our model concerns the sparsity of the difference domain in the image: the neighborhood difference of each point is fully utilized to augment the difference between the smooth and edge regions. Experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio, the structural similarity, the visual effect, and the computational efficiency of this new model are improved compared with state-of-the-art denoising methods.
Expected Changes of Montenegrin Climate, Impact on the Establishment and Spread of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus), and Validation of the Model and Model-Based Field Sampling
Authors: Petrić Mina , Lalić Branislava , Pajović Igor , Micev Slavica , Đurđević Vladimir , Petrić Dušan
Published: November 2018

Aedes albopictus has become established in many parts of Europe since its introduction at the end of the 20th century. It can vector a range of arboviruses, of which Chikungunya and Dengue are most significant for Europe. An analysis of the expected climate change and the related shift in Köppen zones for Montenegro and impact on the establishment of Ae. albopictus was conducted. Outputs of a mechanistic Aedes albopictus model were validated by 2245 presence/absence records collected from 237 different sites between 2001 and 2014. Finally, model-based sampling was designed and performed at 48 sites in 2015, in a previously unexplored northern part of Montenegro, and results were validated. The Eta Belgrade University (EBU)-Princeton Ocean Model (POM) regional climate model was used with the A2 emissions scenario for the 2001–2030 and 2071–2100 integration periods. The results point to a significant increase in suitability for the mosquito and a vertical shift to higher altitudes by the end of the century. The model showed excellent results with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.94. This study provides a tool for prioritizing surveillance efforts (model-based surveillance), especially when resources are limited. This is the first published analysis of Climate Change that incorporates observations from the national synoptic grid and the subsequent impact on Ae. albopictus in Montenegro.
Atmospheric Moisture Pathways to the Highlands of the Tropical Andes: Analyzing the Effects of Spectral Nudging on Different Driving Fields for Regional Climate Modeling
Authors: Trachte Katja
Published: November 2018

Atmospheric moisture pathways to the highlands of the tropical Andes Mountains were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, as well as back-trajectory analysis. To assess model uncertainties according to the initial and lateral boundary conditions (ILBCs), the effects of spectral nudging and different driving fields on regional climate modeling were tested. Based on the spatio-temporal patterns of the large-scale atmospheric features over South America, the results demonstrated that spectral nudging compared to traditional long-term integration generally produced greater consistency with the reference data (ERA5). These WRF simulations further revealed that the location of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), as well as the precipitation over the Andes Mountains were better reproduced. To investigate the air mass pathways, the most accurate WRF simulation was used as atmospheric conditions for the back-trajectory calculations. Three subregions along the tropical Andean chain were considered. Based on mean cluster trajectories and the water vapor mixing ratio along the pathways, the contributions of eastern and western water sources were analyzed. In particular, the southernmost subregion illustrated a clear frequency of occurrences of Pacific trajectories mostly during September–November (40%) when the ITCZ is shifted to the Northern Hemisphere and the Bolivian high pressure system is weakened. In the northernmost subregion, Pacific air masses as well reached the Andes highlands with rather low frequencies regardless of the season (2–12%), but with a moisture contribution comparable to the eastern trajectories. Cross-sections of the equivalent-potential temperature as an indicator of the moisture and energy content of the atmosphere revealed a downward mixing of the moisture aloft, which was stronger in the southern subregion. Additionally, low-level onshore breezes, which developed in both subregions, indicated the transport of warm-moist marine air masses to the highlands, highlighting the importance of the representation of the terrain and, thus, the application of dynamical downscaling using regional climate models.
Nutrients Assimilation and Chlorophyll Contents for Different Grapevine Varieties in Calcareous Soils in the Somontano DO (Spain)
Authors: Casanova-Gascón José , Martín-Ramos Pablo , Martí-Dalmau Clara , Badía-Villas David
Published: November 2018

Lime-induced chlorosis (LIC) is an important abiotic constraint affecting the growth and yield of grapevines growing in calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region, and the sensory properties of the produced wine. In the work presented herein, the impact of LIC on the nutritional status and chlorophyll content was assessed for eleven varieties and a clone (Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Parraleta, Moristel, Aglianico, Macabeo, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling), grafted to the same rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Macro- and micronutrient contents were determined in the fruit set and veraison stages by petiole analyses, while chlorophyll content in young leaves was monitored by SPAD. Significant differences were detected amongst varieties for all nutrients (including Fe), and inverse relationships between Fe and P contents in the petiole and chlorophyll concentration in the young leaves were found. Regarding LIC resistance, the Fe and chlorophyll contents suggest that Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Aglianico varieties would show the best performance, while Sauvignon would be the least tolerant.
Atrial Fibrillation Predicts Long-Term Outcome after Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair by MitraClip Implantation
Authors: Keßler Mirjam , Pott Alexander , Mammadova Elnura , Seeger Julia , Wöhrle Jochen , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Markovic Sinisa
Published: November 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation is common in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and has a negative impact on the clinical outcome of patients with valvular heart disease. We aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-procedural atrial fibrillation on the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with MR undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair by MitraClip implantation. Methods: We analysed 355 consecutive patients with and without atrial fibrillation with symptomatic, severe MR and inoperability or high surgical risk undergoing MitraClip implantation in a three-year follow-up. Results: In patients with pre-procedural atrial fibrillation undergoing MitraClip implantation, we found advanced age, higher baseline NT-pro-BNP levels, increased left atrial diameter, and higher rate of severe tricuspid regurgitation, compared to patients with sinus rhythm. In the three-year follow-up after MitraClip implantation, mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) occur significantly more often in patients with atrial fibrillation, compared to patients without atrial fibrillation. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 2.39, 95%-confidence interval 1.06–5.41, p = 0.036) as an independent predictor for three-year-mortality after MitraClip implantation. Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor for long-term mortality after MitraClip implantation. We demonstrate the association of atrial fibrillation with mortality and MACCE in the long-term follow-up of patients undergoing MitraClip implantation.
New Hope in Brain Glioma Surgery: The Role of Intraoperative Ultrasound. A Review
Authors: Pino Maria Angela , Imperato Alessia , Musca Irene , Maugeri Rosario , Giammalva Giuseppe Roberto , Costantino Gabriele , Graziano Francesca , Meli Francesco , Francaviglia Natale , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Villa Alessandro
Published: November 2018

Maximal safe resection represents the gold standard for surgery of malignant brain tumors. As regards gross-total resection, accurate localization and precise delineation of the tumor margins are required. Intraoperative diagnostic imaging (Intra-Operative Magnetic Resonance-IOMR, Intra-Operative Computed Tomography-IOCT, Intra-Operative Ultrasound-IOUS) and dyes (fluorescence) have become relevant in brain tumor surgery, allowing for a more radical and safer tumor resection. IOUS guidance for brain tumor surgery is accurate in distinguishing tumor from normal parenchyma, and it allows a real-time intraoperative visualization. We aim to evaluate the role of IOUS in gliomas surgery and to outline specific strategies to maximize its efficacy. We performed a literature research through the Pubmed database by selecting each article which was focused on the use of IOUS in brain tumor surgery, and in particular in glioma surgery, published in the last 15 years (from 2003 to 2018). We selected 39 papers concerning the use of IOUS in brain tumor surgery, including gliomas. IOUS exerts a notable attraction due to its low cost, minimal interruption of the operational flow, and lack of radiation exposure. Our literature review shows that increasing the use of ultrasound in brain tumors allows more radical resections, thus giving rise to increases in survival.
Transient Radiator Room Heating—Mathematical Model and Solution Algorithm
Authors: Teskeredzic Armin , Blazevic Rejhana
Published: November 2018

A mathematical model and robust numerical solution algorithm for radiator heating of an arbitrary room is presented in this paper. Three separate and coupled transient thermal energy equations are solved. A modified transient heat conduction equation is used for solving the heat transfer at multi-layer outer walls and room assembly. Heat exchange between the inner walls and the observed room are represented with their own transport equation and the transient thermal energy equation is solved for radiators as well. Explicit coupling of equations and linearization of source terms result in a simple, accurate, and stabile solution algorithm. Verification of the developed methodology is demonstrated on three carefully selected test cases for which an analytical solution can be found. The obtained results show that even for the small temperature differences between inner walls and room air, the corresponding heat flux can be larger than the transmission heat flux through outer walls or windows. The benefits of the current approach are stressed, while the plans for the further development and application of the methodology are highlighted at the end.
Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbon: Their Effect on the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds and Adsorbate–Adsorbent Interactions
Authors: Bernal Valentina , Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: November 2018

The adsorption of salicylic acid, acetaminophen, and methylparaben (pharmaceutical products derived from phenol) on carbons activated with different surface chemistries was carried out. We evaluated the effect of the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and adsorbates on the adsorption capacity. A study of the adsorbate–adsorbent interactions via immersion calorimetry in the analytes solutions at different concentrations was included, in addition to the equilibrium data analysis. The results show that the pharmaceutical compounds (2.28–0.71 mmol g−1) have lower adsorption capacities in the activated carbon with the highest content of oxygenated groups (acids), while the activated carbons with amphoteric characteristics increase the capacities of adsorption (2.60–1.38 mmol g−1). This behavior may be associated with the increased affinity between the adsorbent and solvent due to the presence of polar groups, which was corroborated by the high immersion enthalpy value in water (ΔHimmH2O = −66.6 J g−1). The equilibrium data, adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model, indicated that the heterogeneous adsorption processes involve immersion enthalpy values between −9.42 and −24.3 J g−1.
Human Glioma Migration and Infiltration Properties as a Target for Personalized Radiation Medicine
Authors: Wank Michaela , Schilling Daniela , Schmid Thomas E. , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens , Barz Melanie , Schlegel Jürgen , Liesche Friederike , Kessel Kerstin A. , Wiestler Benedikt , Bette Stefanie , Zimmer Claus , Combs Stephanie E.
Published: November 2018

Gliomas are primary brain tumors that present the majority of malignant adult brain tumors. Gliomas are subdivided into low- and high-grade tumors. Despite extensive research in recent years, the prognosis of malignant glioma patients remains poor. This is caused by naturally highly infiltrative capacities as well as high levels of radio- and chemoresistance. Additionally, it was shown that low linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation enhances migration and invasion of several glioma entities which might counteract today’s treatment concepts. However, this finding is discussed controversially. In the era of personalized medicine, this controversial data might be attributed to the patient-specific heterogeneity that ultimately could be used for treatment. Thus, current developments in glioma therapy should be seen in the context of intrinsic and radiation-enhanced migration and invasion. Due to the natural heterogeneity of glioma cells and different radiation responses, a personalized radiation treatment concept is suggested and alternative radiation concepts are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization of g-C3N4/SrTiO3 Heterojunctions and Photocatalytic Activity for Organic Pollutants Degradation
Authors: Konstas Panagiotis-Spyridon , Konstantinou Ioannis , Petrakis Dimitrios , Albanis Triantafyllos
Published: November 2018

Perovskite-structure SrTiO3 (STO) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) have attracted considerable attention in photocatalytic technology due to their unique properties, but also suffer from some drawbacks. The development of composite photocatalysts that combine properties of the individual semiconductors with enhanced charge separation is the current major trend in the photocatalysis field. In this study, SrTiO3/g-C3N4 (CNSTO) composites with different ratios (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% g-C3N4) were prepared with a sonication mixing method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 porosimetry, Fourrier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). STO spherical particles were successfully loaded on the g-C3N4 planes forming heterojunction composite materials. The photocatalytic activity was tested against the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under simulated solar light (SSL) irradiation following first-order kinetics. The photocatalytic activity followed the trend: 20CNSTO > 30CNSTO > 40CNSTO > 50CNSTO ≈ 10CNSTO, in accordance with the amount of •OH radicals determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. A Z-scheme mechanism was proposed for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of MB as evidenced by trapping experiments with scavengers. Finally, significant stability and reusability was exhibited, indicating that such composites are of potential interest for photocatalytic treatments under sunlight irradiation.
Synthesis, APPI Mass-Spectrometric Characterization, and Polymerization Studies of Group 4 Dinuclear Bis(ansa-metallocene) Complexes
Authors: Schnee Gilles , Farenc Mathilde , Bitard Leslie , Vantomme Aurelien , Welle Alexandre , Brusson Jean-Michel , Afonso Carlos , Giusti Pierre , Carpentier Jean-François , Kirillov Evgueni
Published: November 2018

New ligand platforms of the type p- or m-Ph{-CR(3,6-tBu2Flu)(Cp)}2 (para-, R = Me (2a), H (2b); meta-, R = Me (2c)) were synthesized via nucleophilic addition of the 3,6-tBu2-fluorenyl-anion onto the parent phenylene-bridged difulvenes (1a–c). The corresponding discrete homodinuclear zirconium and hafnium bis(dichloro ansa-metallocene) complexes, Ph[{-CR(3,6-tBu2Flu)(Cp)}MCl2]2 (p-, R = Me (3a-Zr2, 3a-Hf2), R = H (3b-Zr2); m-, R = Me (3c-Zr2), were prepared by salt metathesis reactions. An attempt to generate in situ a heterodinuclear complex 3a-Zr-Hf was also undertaken. For the first time, Atmospheric Pressure PhotoIonization (APPI) mass-spectrometric data were obtained for all dinuclear compounds and found to be in excellent agreement with the simulated ones. Preliminary studies on the catalytic performances of these dinuclear complexes, upon activation with MAO, in ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization revealed a few differences as compared to those of the monometallic analogues. In particular, slightly lower molecular weights and a greater formation of short methyl and ethyl branches were obtained with the dinuclear systems.
Nickel Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Effective Catalysts for the Reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Wasiak Tomasz , Przypis Lukasz , Walczak Krzysztof Z. , Janas Dawid
Published: November 2018

We have demonstrated a convenient method of synthesizing nickel nanowires (NiNWs), which could be easily tuned to produce materials with a carefully defined nanostructure. By varying the concentration of the Ni precursor, pH of the medium or reaction temperature, we directly affected the diameter of the formed product as well as the yield of the process. The obtained material consisted of straight bundles of NiNWs, which revealed powerful catalytic action for the reduction of nitroarenes to appropriate amine derivatives. A selection of substrates were employed and all of them were successfully converted into the corresponding aromatic amine despite the presence of different substituents on the aromatic ring with high yields, even in large scale reactions. The results showed that NiNW-based catalysts could constitute efficient catalytic systems for the synthesis of aryl amines at industrial levels.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triple-Modified Colchicine Derivatives as Potent Tubulin-Targeting Anticancer Agents
Authors: Majcher Urszula , Klejborowska Greta , Kaik Magdalena , Maj Ewa , Wietrzyk Joanna , Moshari Mahshad , Preto Jordane , Tuszynski Jack A. , Huczyński Adam
Published: November 2018

Specific modifications of colchicine followed by synthesis of its analogues have been tested in vitro with the objective of lowering colchicine toxicity. Our previous studies have clearly shown the anticancer potential of double-modified colchicine derivatives in C-7 and C-10 positions. Here, a series of novel triple-modified colchicine derivatives is reported. They have been obtained following a four-step strategy. In vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds has been evaluated against four human tumor cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo, and LoVo/DX). Additionally, the mode of binding of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in silico using molecular docking to a 3D structure of β-tubulin based on crystallographic data from the Protein Data Bank and homology methodology. Binding free energy estimates, binding poses, and MlogP values of the compounds were obtained. All triple-modified colchicine derivatives were shown to be active at nanomolar concentrations against three of the investigated cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo). Four of them also showed higher potency against tumor cells over normal cells as confirmed by their high selectivity index values. A vast majority of the synthesized derivatives exhibited several times higher cytotoxicity than colchicine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin.
Self-Configuring IoT Service QoS Guarantee Using QBAIoT
Authors: Khalil Ahmad , Mbarek Nader , Togni Olivier
Published: November 2018

Providing Internet of Things (IoT) environments with service level guarantee is a challenging task for improving IoT application usage experience. We specify in this paper an IoT architecture enabling an IoT Service Level Agreement (iSLA) achievement between an IoT Service Provider (IoT-SP) and an IoT Client (IoT-C). In order to guarantee the IoT applications’ requirements, Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms should be implemented within all the layers of the IoT architecture. Thus, we propose a specific mechanism for the lowest layer of our service level based IoT architecture (i.e., sensing layer). It is an adaptation of the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA mechanism enabling to take into consideration the requirements of real-time IoT services. Our access method called QBAIoT (QoS based Access for IoT) extends IEEE 802.15.4 systems by creating a new contention access period for each specified traffic class in the iSLA. Furthermore, due to the huge number of IoT connected devices, self-configuring capability provisioning is necessary for limiting human intervention and total cost of ownership (TCO). Thus, we integrate a self-configuring capability to the QBAIoT access method by implementing the MAPE-K closed control loop within the IoT High Level Gateway (HL-Gw) of our proposed QoS based IoT architecture.
Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Spin Crossover Fe-Compounds: Persistent High Spin Configurations under Soft X-ray Irradiation
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Yousef , Lee Minji , Kitase Kosuke , Kitazawa Takafumi , Kim Jae-Young , Cho Deok-Yong
Published: November 2018

Metal-organic complex exhibiting spin crossover (SCO) behavior has drawn attention for its functionality as a nanoscale spin switch. The spin states in the metal ions can be tuned by external stimuli such as temperature or light. This article demonstrates a soft X-ray–induced excited spin state trapping (SOXEISST) effect in Hofmann-like SCO coordination polymers of FeII(4-methylpyrimidine)2[Au(CN)2]2 and FeII(pyridine)2[Ni(CN)4]. A soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study on these polymers showed that the high spin configuration (HS; S = 2) was prevalent in Fe2+ ions during the measurement even at temperatures much lower than the critical temperatures (>170 K), manifesting HS trapping due to the X-ray irradiation. This is in strong contrast to the normal SCO behavior observed in FeII(1,10-phenanthroline)2(NCS)2, implying that the structure of the ligand chains in the polymers with relatively loose Fe-N coordination might allow a structural adaptation to stabilize the metastable HS state under the soft X-ray irradiation.
Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming
Authors: Pančík Juraj , Maxera Pavel
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we deal with a simple embedded electronic system for an industrial pneumatic–hydraulic system, based on a low-cost programmable logic controller (PLC) and industrial electronic parts with 24 V logic. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and generates a series of high-pressure hydraulic pulses with up to a max. 200 bar output pressure level and with up to a max. 2 Hz output hydraulic pulses frequency. In this paper we are describing requirements, the concept of the embedded control system in a diagram, security features and its industrial network connectivity (CAN bus, MODBUS). In description of the software solution we describe the implementation of the program threads approach in this low-cost PLC. The PLC programming with threads generate two layers of services—physical and application layer, and as a result, the threads create the main control state machine. In conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and the calibration curves. For further study we offer readers the full programming code written in sequential function charts to be used as PLC language. The cost of the described industrial networked control system with industry standard optoelectronic insulated interfaces and certified industrial safety relay does not exceed €1000 Euros.
A Hybrid Battery Charging Approach for Drone-Aided Border Surveillance Scheduling
Authors: Kim Seon Jin , Lim Gino J.
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a new method to extend the flight capability of drones in real time. The new method combines two wireless charging methods (stationary wireless charging systems and dynamic wireless charging systems) into a hybrid mode. The drones must frequently return to a ground control center to replace or recharge its battery due to the limited performance of batteries mounted in the drones. To reduce the need of returning to the center, stationary wireless charging systems and dynamic wireless charging systems have been proposed. However, a few drawbacks of the two systems include the needs of landing/stopping on the stationary charging systems and the uncertainty of charging efficiency over the dynamic charging systems. Hence, to resolve the current limitations, we propose the hybrid approach for extending drone flight duration in real time. A mathematical formulation model is proposed to decide an optimal installation location and operating time of the hybrid mode. A case study is conducted to illustrate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results from the case study show that we can lengthen the flight duration per charge from the initial launching point (30 min → 32–59 min), and if the value of charging efficiency of the dynamic charging systems is maintained above a certain level, the time spent on the stationary charging systems is significantly reduced (58 min → 22 min).
Identification of Citrus Trees from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Csillik Ovidiu , Cherbini John , Johnson Robert , Lyons Andy , Kelly Maggi
Published: November 2018

Remote sensing is important to precision agriculture and the spatial resolution provided by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is revolutionizing precision agriculture workflows for measurement crop condition and yields over the growing season, for identifying and monitoring weeds and other applications. Monitoring of individual trees for growth, fruit production and pest and disease occurrence remains a high research priority and the delineation of each tree using automated means as an alternative to manual delineation would be useful for long-term farm management. In this paper, we detected citrus and other crop trees from UAV images using a simple convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, followed by a classification refinement using superpixels derived from a Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) algorithm. The workflow performed well in a relatively complex agricultural environment (multiple targets, multiple size trees and ages, etc.) achieving high accuracy (overall accuracy = 96.24%, Precision (positive predictive value) = 94.59%, Recall (sensitivity) = 97.94%). To our knowledge, this is the first time a CNN has been used with UAV multi-spectral imagery to focus on citrus trees. More of these individual cases are needed to develop standard automated workflows to help agricultural managers better incorporate large volumes of high resolution UAV imagery into agricultural management operations.
Blind Image Quality Assessment of Natural Scenes Based on Entropy Differences in the DCT Domain
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Li Fan , Zhang Wei , He Lijun
Published: November 2018

Blind/no-reference image quality assessment is performed to accurately evaluate the perceptual quality of a distorted image without prior information from a reference image. In this paper, an effective blind image quality assessment approach based on entropy differences in the discrete cosine transform domain for natural images is proposed. Information entropy is an effective measure of the amount of information in an image. We find the discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution of distorted natural images shows a pulse-shape phenomenon, which directly affects the differences of entropy. Then, a Weibull model is used to fit the distributions of natural and distorted images. This is because the Weibull model sufficiently approximates the pulse-shape phenomenon as well as the sharp-peak and heavy-tail phenomena of natural scene statistics rules. Four features that are related to entropy differences and human visual system are extracted from the Weibull model for three scaling images. Image quality is assessed by the support vector regression method based on the extracted features. This blind Weibull statistics algorithm is thoroughly evaluated using three widely used databases: LIVE, TID2008, and CSIQ. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed blind Weibull statistics method is highly consistent with that of human visual perception and greater than that of the state-of-the-art blind and full-reference image quality assessment methods in most cases.