bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a magnetic tracking system for monitoring soil movements induced by geohazards
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Orense Rolando P.
Published: June 2019

In the study of geotechnical hazards, such as soil liquefaction and landslides, the analysis of soil movements is always one of the major preoccupations. An efficient movement sensing technique requires the tracking of subsurface soil for the purpose of examining the mechanism involved. A magnetic tracking system is therefore proposed, with permanent magnets as trackers and magnetometers as receivers. When permanent magnets, deployed within the soil to serve as excitation sources, move with soil body during a geotechnical event, they generate static magnetic fields whose flux densities are related with the positions and orientations of the magnets. Magnetometers are used as receivers to detect the generated magnetic fields, which can be further used in calculating the magnets' locations and orientations based on appropriately developed algorithms. Comparison between situations where the trackers are exposed to air and embedded within soil was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil (wet and dry) on the tracking accuracy. Also, multi-objective tracking is realized by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique combined with interior-point algorithm. The tracking errors are evaluated and applications of the proposed system in small-scale laboratory tests for geohazards are discussed.
Application of seismic tomography for detecting structural faults in a Tertiary Formation
Authors: Rinaldi Víctor A. , Ibarra Horacio V. , Viguera Ricardo F. , Harasimiuk Juan C.
Published: June 2019

Seismic refraction technique is an increasingly useful geophysical tool for geotechnical studies in civil engineering work including the mapping of different soil formation of subsoil and detection of the bed rock. Additionally, wave velocity is a key parameter which correlates directly with significant geotechnical parameters of soils and rocks. Today, the evolution of the measurement technique in the field and the data processing allows to obtain tomographic images which increases its potential for applications to evaluate structuration of rock mass. This work describes the basic principles of seismic tomography and a case history of an application in civil works used to detect hidden faults in the sedimentary Gatun formation at the north of Panama. The correlation between the seismic profile and geologic profile obtained from boreholes showed very good agreement. Subsequent directed boreholes performed at the site confirmed the position and nature of the faults detected.
Primary hypophysitis: Experience of a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Korkmaz Ozge Polat , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Apaydin Tugce , Durmaz Emine Sebnem , Haliloglu Ozlem , Durcan Emre , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: June 2019

Purpose The authors review the clinical outcomes of patients with primary hypophysitis (PH).

Methods Patients with PH who were followed up between 2007 and 2018 at our clinic were evaluated. Clinical, endocrinologic, pathologic, radiologic findings and treatment modalities were assessed.

Results Seventeen patients with PH were assessed. The median follow-up was 24 (range, 6–84) months. Histologic confirmation was available in 8 patients (6 lymphocytic hypophysitis, 1 lymphocytic-granulomatous hypophysitis, 1 xanthomatous hypophysitis). None of the cases were diagnosed after pregnancy. Two patients had an autoimmune disease. The most commonly seen symptom was headache. The most common anterior pituitary deficiencies were hypocortisolemia and hypothyroidism. The radiologic findings of the patients at the time of diagnosis revealed various results including space-occupying lesion (41.2%), loss of posterior hypophysis bright spot (47.1%), pituitary stalk thickening (41.2%), uniform contrast enhancement (17.6%), partially empty sella (11.8%), optic chiasm compression (11.8%). The most frequent initial treatment modality was observation. Ten patients who were followed up conservatively had no endocrinologic deterioration; additional treatment was not needed in 8 of these 10 patients. The second most frequent initial treatment modality was pituitary surgery. Five patients received steroid treatment. We found serious adverse effects during steroid treatment in 3 of 5 (60%) patients; unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head (n=2), diabetes mellitus(n=1).

Conclusion Correctly diagnosing PH and giving appropriate treatment is challenging. It is unclear whether active treatment with steroids improves clinical outcomes. The serious adverse effects of steroids are also taken into account. Observation, surgery and/or radiotherapy can be appropriate treatment modalities for selected patients.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage versus percutaneous cholecystostomy for high risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luk Sally Wai-Yin , Irani Shayan , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh , Wong Lau James Yun , Wai Ng Enders Kwok , Teoh Anthony Yuen-Bum
Published: June 2019

Background Recent evidence suggests that endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is an effective and safe alternative to percutaneous drainage (PT-GBD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare these two procedures in high risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis.

Methods A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted for all articles published up to October 2017 to identify comparative studies between EUS-GBD and PT-GBD. A meta-analysis was performed on outcomes including technical success, clinical success, post-procedure adverse events, length of hospital stay, unplanned hospital readmission, need for reintervention, recurrent cholecystitis, and disease- or treatment-related mortality for these two procedures.

Results Five comparative studies (206 patients in the EUS-GBD group vs. 289 patients in the PT-GBD group), were included in the final analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in technical success (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.12 to 1.58; P  = 0.21; I
2 = 0 %) and clinical success (OR 1.07, 95 %CI 0.36 to 3.16; P  = 0.90; I
2 = 44 %) between the two procedures. EUS-GBD had fewer adverse events than PT-GBD (OR 0.43, 95 %CI 0.18 to 1.00; P  = 0.05; I
2 = 66 %). Moreover, patients undergoing EUS-GBD had shorter hospital stays, with pooled standard mean difference of – 2.53 (95 %CI – 4.28 to – 0.78; P = 0.005; I
2 = 98 %), and required significantly fewer reinterventions (OR 0.16, 95 %CI 0.04 to 0.042; P <  0.001; I
2 = 32 %) resulting in significantly fewer unplanned readmissions (OR 0.16, 95 %CI 0.05 to 0.53; P  = 0.003; I
2 = 79 %).

Conclusions EUS-GBD was associated with lower rates of post-procedure adverse events, shorter hospital stays, and fewer reinterventions and readmissions compared with PT-GBD in patients with acute cholecystitis who were unfit for surgery.
Computational Drug-repositioning Approach Identifying Sirolimus as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shibata Kyoko , Endo Toshinori , Kuribayashi Yoshikazu
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to determine promising treatment options for human inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy using a computational drug-repositioning approach (repurposing established drug compounds for new therapeutic indications).

Background If the myocardial tissue is detected to be infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primarily of lymphocytes, and if the virus is confirmed using genetic examination (PCR) or immunostaining, the infection is suspected. However, there is no specific treatment (i. e., an antiviral drug) even if the virus is identified; therefore, we used Connectivity Map to identify compounds showing inverse drug–disease signatures, indicating activity against inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.

Results Potential drug-repositioning candidates for the treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy were explored through a systematic comparison of the gene expression profiles induced by drugs using Gene Expression Omnibus and Connectivity Map databases.

Conclusion Using a computational drug-repositioning approach based on the integration of publicly available gene expression signatures of drugs and diseases, sirolimus was suggested as a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection and Basilar Artery Occlusion/Stroke in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Phung Binh , Shah Trusha
Published: June 2019

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) followed by basilar artery occlusion/stroke (BAO/BAS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. We present a case report of a 7-year-old boy with VAD complicated by BAO/BAS 4 days after falling off a scooter. Symptoms included left-sided weakness and facial droop preceded by a 20-minute episode of altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic changes in the left posterior inferior cerebellum and right pons. Computed tomography angiogram confirmed dissection of the left vertebral artery with occlusion/thrombosis of the basilar artery. Heparinization for 96 hours, followed by 6 months of low-molecular weight heparin injection, resulted in improvement of his neurological symptoms.
Social and juristic challenges of artificial intelligence
Authors: Perc Matjaž , Ozer Mahmut , Hojnik Janja
Published: June 2019

Artificial intelligence is becoming seamlessly integrated into our everyday lives, augmenting our knowledge and capabilities in driving, avoiding traffic, finding friends, choosing the perfect movie, and even cooking a healthier meal. It also has a significant impact on many aspects of society and industry, ranging from scientific discovery, healthcare and medical diagnostics to smart cities, transport and sustainability. Within this 21st century ‘man meets machine’ reality unfolding, several social and juristic challenges emerge for which we are poorly prepared. We here review social dilemmas where individual interests are at odds with the interests of others, and where artificial intelligence might have a particularly hard time making the right decision. An example thereof is the well-known social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. We also review juristic challenges, with a focus on torts that are at least partly or seemingly due to artificial intelligence, resulting in the claimant suffering a loss or harm. Here the challenge is to determine who is legally liable, and to what extent. We conclude with an outlook and with a short set of guidelines for constructively mitigating described challenges.
BOAR: Biprism based optical autocorrelation with retrieval
Authors: Billard F. , Dubrouil A. , Hertz E. , Lecorné S. , Szmygel E. , Faucher O. , Béjot P.
Published: June 2019

A simple and compact single-shot autocorrelator is presented and analyzed in detail. The autocorrelator is composed of two elements only: a Fresnel biprism used to create two temporally delayed replicas of the pulse to characterize and a camera in which two-photon absorption takes place. The two-photon absorption signal obtained in the camera can be used to retrieve the pulse duration, the frequency chirp, and the pulse spectrum, provided that a Gaussian temporal shape is assumed. Thanks to its extreme simplicity, the autocorrelator is robust and easy to align. The presented design can theoretically characterize the pulse duration from about 25 fs to 1.5 ps in the two-photon spectral range of the camera (1200–2400 nm). Finally, a proof-of-principle demonstration is also performed at 3.1 μm by using an InGaAs camera, whose two-photon spectral range is located further in the infrared (1800–3400 nm).
Data-based modeling of gas-surface interaction in rarefied gas flow simulations
Authors: Andric Nemanja , Meyer Daniel W. , Jenny Patrick
Published: June 2019

In this work, a data-based approach to gas-surface interaction modeling, which employs the recently introduced distribution element tree (DET) method, is proposed. The DET method allows efficient data-driven probability density function (PDF) estimations with the possibility of conditional and unconditional random number resampling from the constructed distributions. As part of our ongoing research on gas-surface interaction, a comprehensive molecular dynamics (MD) study was performed, where the scattering of a nitrogen molecule from a graphite surface was investigated. Our aim here is to demonstrate how the DET method can be used in combination with the obtained MD database for constructing a generalized kernel of gas-surface interaction and for generating postscattered samples directly from the MD data itself. The major benefit of this approach is that it preserves all the relevant physics contained within numerical or experimental data, without the need for new kernel developments or accommodation coefficient calibrations. A direct comparison between the proposed approach and a classical scattering kernel used in rarefied gas flow simulations was carried out in the case of molecular beam scattering of rotationally hot and cold nitrogen from a solid surface. A further comparison between the proposed method and the available experimental data was also performed. Additionally, the ability of the DET-based kernel to satisfy the reciprocity condition, which ensures energy conservation in the case of thermal equilibrium, is demonstrated.
Divide and conquer: A perspective on biochips for single-cell and
rare-molecule analysis by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Lee A. C. , Lee Y. , Lee D. , Kwon S.
Published: June 2019

Recent advances in biochip technologies that connect next-generation sequencing (NGS) to real-world problems have facilitated breakthroughs in science and medicine. Because biochip technologies are themselves used in sequencing technologies, the main strengths of biochips lie in their scalability and throughput. Through the advantages of biochips, NGS has facilitated groundbreaking scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs in medicine. However, all current NGS platforms require nucleic acids to be prepared in a certain range of concentrations, making it difficult to analyze biological systems of interest. In particular, many of the most interesting questions in biology and medicine, including single-cell and rare-molecule analysis, require strategic preparation of biological samples in order to be answered. Answering these questions is important because each cell is different and exists in a complex biological system. Therefore, biochip platforms for single-cell or rare-molecule analyses by NGS, which allow convenient preparation of nucleic acids from biological systems, have been developed. Utilizing the advantages of miniaturizing reaction volumes of biological samples, biochip technologies have been applied to diverse fields, from single-cell analysis to liquid biopsy. From this perspective, here, we first review current state-of-the-art biochip technologies, divided into two broad categories: microfluidic- and micromanipulation-based methods. Then, we provide insights into how future biochip systems will aid some of the most important biological and medical applications that require NGS. Based on current and future biochip technologies, we envision that NGS will come ever closer to solving more real-world scientific and medical problems.
Experimental realization and magnetotransport properties of half-metallic Fe2Si
Authors: Forbes Andrew W. , Dulal Rajendra P. , Bhattarai Niraj , Pegg Ian L. , Philip John
Published: June 2019

Thin films of the high Curie temperature intermetallic ferromagnet β-Fe2Si were synthesized via molecular beam epitaxy. Investigation using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy shows a hexagonal crystal structure and a smooth topography. Theoretically, Fe2Si has been predicted to exhibit uniquely desirable magnetotransport properties. We report on these properties experimentally, including the ordinary Hall coefficient R0 and anomalous Hall resistivity ρxyAH. The compound is found to be a soft Heisenberg ferromagnet with temperature dependent magnetization based on the thermal excitation of spin waves. We present a detailed look into the contributions to its longitudinal resistivity, which due to the presence of a spin-flip gap ΔkB, indicating a half-metallic band structure. The correct scaling relations between these components of the resistivity tensor (ρxx and ρxy) are also discussed.
Anomalous thermal conductivity across the structural transition in SmBaMn2O6 single crystals
Authors: Chen Lu , Xiang Ziji , Tinsman Colin , Huang Qing , Reynolds K. G. , Zhou Haidong , Li Lu
Published: June 2019

To understand whether the enhancement of thermal conductivity could take place at different types of phase transitions, we conduct thermal measurements in SmBaMn2O6 single crystals which have both structural and magnetic phase transitions. In SmBaMn2O6, successive phase transitions in charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedoms take place at Tco1∼362 K, Tco2∼190 K, and TN∼175 K. An enhancement of thermal conductivity is only observed at the structural transition around Tco1 while it is absent at the structural transition around Tco2. One possible explanation is that the spin-phonon coupling in this material strongly modifies the phonon spectra and prevents the evolution of soft-phonon modes around the antiferromagnetic transition TN, which lies right below Tco2. Our study provides a way to look for enhanced thermal conductivity in materials where multiple phase transitions coexist.
Mode-locking in vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with type-II quantum-well configurations
Authors: Kilen I. , Koch S. W. , Hader J. , Moloney J. V.
Published: June 2019

A microscopic study of mode-locked pulse generation is presented for vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers utilizing type-II quantum well configurations. The coupled Maxwell semiconductor Bloch equations are solved numerically where the type-II carrier replenishment is modeled via suitably chosen reservoirs. Conditions for stable mode-locked pulses are identified allowing for pulses in the 100 fs range. Design strategies for type-II configurations are proposed that avoid potentially unstable pulse dynamics.
Histone H2B monoubiquitination regulates heart development via epigenetic control of cilia motility
Authors: Robson Andrew , Makova Svetlana Z. , Barish Syndi , Zaidi Samir , Mehta Sameet , Drozd Jeffrey , Jin Sheng Chih , Gelb Bruce D. , Seidman Christine E. , Chung Wendy K. , Lifton Richard P. , Khokha Mustafa K. , Brueckner Martina
Published: June 2019

Genomic analyses of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have identified significant contribution from mutations affecting cilia genes and chromatin remodeling genes; however, the mechanism(s) connecting chromatin remodeling to CHD is unknown. Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is catalyzed by the RNF20 complex consisting of RNF20, RNF40, and UBE2B. Here, we show significant enrichment of loss-of-function mutations affecting H2Bub1 in CHD patients (enrichment 6.01,
P
= 1.67 × 10
−03
), some of whom had abnormal laterality associated with ciliary dysfunction. In
Xenopus
, knockdown of
rnf20
and
rnf40
results in abnormal heart looping, defective development of left–right (LR) asymmetry, and impaired cilia motility. Rnf20, Rnf40, and Ube2b affect LR patterning and cilia synergistically. Examination of global H2Bub1 level in
Xenopus
embryos shows that H2Bub1 is developmentally regulated and requires Rnf20. To examine gene-specific H2Bub1, we performed ChIP-seq of mouse ciliated and nonciliated tissues and showed tissue-specific H2Bub1 marks significantly enriched at cilia genes including the transcription factor
Rfx3
. Rnf20 knockdown results in decreased levels of
rfx3
mRNA in
Xenopus
, and exogenous
rfx3
can rescue the Rnf20 depletion phenotype. These data suggest that Rnf20 functions at the
Rfx3
locus regulating cilia motility and cardiac situs and identify H2Bub1 as an upstream transcriptional regulator controlling tissue-specific expression of cilia genes. Our findings mechanistically link the two functional gene ontologies that have been implicated in human CHD: chromatin remodeling and cilia function.
Context shapes early diversity in abstract thought
Authors: Carstensen Alexandra , Zhang Jing , Heyman Gail D. , Fu Genyue , Lee Kang , Walker Caren M.
Published: June 2019

Early abstract reasoning has typically been characterized by a “relational shift,” in which children initially focus on object features but increasingly come to interpret similarity in terms of structured relations. An alternative possibility is that this shift reflects a learned bias, rather than a typical waypoint along a universal developmental trajectory. If so, consistent differences in the focus on objects or relations in a child’s learning environment could create distinct patterns of relational reasoning, influencing the type of hypotheses that are privileged and applied. Specifically, children in the United States may be subject to culture-specific influences that bias their reasoning toward objects, to the detriment of relations. In experiment 1, we examine relational reasoning in a population with less object-centric experience—3-y-olds in China—and find no evidence of the failures observed in the United States at the same age. A second experiment with younger and older toddlers in China (18 to 30 mo and 30 to 36 mo) establishes distinct developmental trajectories of relational reasoning across the two cultures, showing a linear trajectory in China, in contrast to the U-shaped trajectory that has been previously reported in the United States. In a third experiment, Chinese 3-y-olds exhibit a bias toward relational solutions in an ambiguous context, while those in the United States prefer object-based solutions. Together, these findings establish population-level differences in relational bias that predict the developmental trajectory of relational reasoning, challenging the generality of an initial object focus and suggesting a critical role for experience.
Consecutive seeding and transfer of genetic diversity in metastasis
Authors: Heyde Alexander , Reiter Johannes G. , Naxerova Kamila , Nowak Martin A.
Published: June 2019

Significance

The success of cancer treatment largely depends on the genetic mutations present within metastases, which cause 90% of cancer-related deaths. Genetically diverse metastases are more likely to harbor resistance mutations, contributing to treatment failure. It is often assumed that each metastasis is seeded exactly once, such that its diversity cannot be inherited and instead must emerge entirely during growth, yet many metastases have a diversity pattern inconsistent with this assumption. We introduce a mathematical model of consecutive seeding by multiple cells that can explain these patterns. We then apply this model to tumor sequencing data to infer that 10 to 150 cells seeded each metastasis. We derive predictions for the fraction of transferred diversity and the proportion of polyclonal lesions.
Impact of jamming criticality on low-temperature anomalies in structural glasses
Authors: Franz Silvio , Maimbourg Thibaud , Parisi Giorgio , Scardicchio Antonello
Published: June 2019

Significance

The thermodynamics of glasses (disordered solids) exhibits experimentally a universal behavior upon cooling below 10 K that is very different from regular solids. Theoretical interpretations of this discrepancy are notably hard to vindicate from first principles. Here, through the analytic solution of a simple microscopic model of a glass, we propose an alternative scenario to quantum tunneling between similar energy states. We suggest that the anomalous scaling gets broader in temperature range as the system is uncompressed toward the jamming transition where, classically, soft spherical particles would be in contact in their ground state. This scaling is thus most easily detected close to jamming and fades out away from it.
Structured, uncertainty-driven exploration in real-world consumer choice
Authors: Schulz Eric , Bhui Rahul , Love Bradley C. , Brier Bastien , Todd Michael T. , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: June 2019

Significance

We study how people make choices among a large number of options when they have limited experience. In a large dataset of online food delivery purchases, we find evidence for sophisticated exploration strategies predicted by contemporary theories. People actively seek to reduce their uncertainty about restaurants and use similarity-based generalization to guide their selections. Our findings suggest that theories of exploratory choice have real-world validity.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00673-v4 promotes aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma via activating WNT/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Guan Hongyu , Zhu Ting , Wu Shanshan , Liu Shihua , Liu Bangdong , Wu Jueheng , Cai Junchao , Zhu Xun , Zhang Xin , Zeng Musheng , Li Jun , Song Erwei , Li Mengfeng
Published: June 2019

Significance

This study uncovers a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanism underlying lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) metastasis. We here report that lncRNA LINC00673-v4 expression is up-regulated in LAD and is associated with disease progression. At the molecular level, LINC00673-v4 acts as a scaffold molecule that promotes the interaction between DDX3 and CK1ε and thus the phosphorylation of dishevelled, which subsequently activates WNT/β-catenin signaling and consequently causes aggressiveness of LAD. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against LINC00673-v4 strongly suppresses LAD metastasis in vivo.
Intravital 2-photon imaging reveals distinct morphology and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma-associated macrophages
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Ross James L. , Hambardzumyan Dolores
Published: June 2019

Significance

Therapeutic strategies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have shown limited efficacy. One reason for this limited effectiveness is our poor understanding of the fundamental characteristics driving the behavior of these cells. Here we report a combination of immunocompetent lineage tracing mouse models of GBM with an open skull window for in vivo observation of TAM constituents via 2-photon microscopy. We show that TAMs are composed of 2 morphologically and behaviorally distinct cell types: brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). After treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A antibody, we observed significant reductions in BMDM infiltration and morphological responses. These studies provide a platform for monitoring the multidimensional responses of specific cell populations to therapeutic intervention in real time.
A heuristic derived from analysis of the ion channel structural proteome permits the rapid identification of hydrophobic gates
Authors: Rao Shanlin , Klesse Gianni , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Tucker Stephen J. , Sansom Mark S. P.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Ion channels are nanoscale protein pores in cell membranes. An exponentially increasing number of structures for channels means that computational methods for predicting their functional state are needed. Hydrophobic gates in ion channels result in local dewetting of pores, which functionally closes them to water and ion permeation. We use simulations of water behavior within nearly 200 different ion channel structures to explore how the radius and hydrophobicity of pores determine their hydration vs. dewetting behavior. Machine learning-assisted analysis of these simulations allowed us to propose a simple model for this relationship and present an easy method for rapidly predicting the functional state of new channel structures as they emerge.
Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies
Authors: Tenger-Trolander Ayşe , Lu Wei , Noyes Michelle , Kronforst Marcus R.
Published: June 2019

The annual migration of the monarch butterfly
Danaus plexippus
is in peril. In an effort to aid population recovery, monarch enthusiasts across North America participate in a variety of conservation efforts, including captive rearing and release of monarch butterflies throughout the summer and autumn. However, the impact of captive breeding on monarchs remains an open question. Here, we show that captive breeding, both commercially and by summertime hobbyists, causes migratory behavior to be lost. Monarchs acquired commercially failed to orient south when reared outdoors in the autumn, unlike wild-caught North American monarchs, yet they did enter reproductive diapause. The commercial population was genetically highly divergent from wild-caught North American monarchs and had rounder forewings, similar to monarchs from nonmigratory populations. Furthermore, rearing wild-caught monarchs in an indoor environment mimicking natural migration-inducing conditions failed to elicit southward flight orientation. In fact, merely eclosing indoors after an otherwise complete lifecycle outdoors was enough to disrupt southern orientation. Our results provide a window into the complexity—and remarkable fragility—of migration.
Beach changes and associated ecosystem services in Anguilla, West Indies, 1992–2014
Authors: Cambers Gillian , Wynne Stuart P.
Published: June 2019

Analysis of beach profile data over the period 1992–2014 at 14 beaches on mainland Anguilla and the offshore cays of Prickly Pear and Sandy Island, showed an overall erosion trend with a mean erosion rate of −0.51 m yr−1. Eleven beaches showed erosion, while three beaches showed slight accretion. Over the period of measurement nine hurricanes passed close enough to Anguilla to significantly impact the beaches. Analysis of a ten year (2008–2017) record of marine monitoring of fish, marine plants, corals, algae and other invertebrates at 15 sites around Anguilla has shown an 11% drop in coral cover and a 10% increase in algae cover. This contributed to a post Hurricane Luis marine monitoring survey in 1996, which illustrated the dramatic mortality of Anguilla's reef ecosystem that began in the late 1970s with the emergence of white-band disease and continues to this day. An analysis of the changes at each beach shows multiple causal factors including geomorphological adjustments, high swell wave events and hurricanes, hard and soft coastal protection measures, sea level rise and the decline in overall reef heath. Relative importance of each of these factors varied from beach to beach and contributed to the variations in the amount and direction of change at the different locations. The analysis highlights the need to focus on beach and coral reef conservation measures and legislative changes in order for tourism and the economy of Anguilla to thrive.
Bioengineering commensal bacteria‐derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
Authors: Carvalho Ana L. , Fonseca Sonia , Miquel‐Clopés Ariadna , Cross Kathryn , Kok Khoon‐S. , Wegmann Udo , Gil‐Cardoso Katherine , Bentley Eleanor G. , Al Katy Sanaria H.M. , Coombes Janine L. , Kipar Anja , Stentz Regis , Stewart James P. , Carding Simon R.
Published: June 2019

Gram‐negative bacteria naturally produce and secrete nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the human gastrointestinal tract, OMVs produced by commensal Gram‐negative bacteria can mediate interactions amongst host cells (including between epithelial cells and immune cells) and maintain microbial homeostasis. This OMV‐mediated pathway for host‐microbe interactions could be exploited to deliver biologically active proteins to the body. To test this we engineered the Gram‐negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a prominent member of the intestinal microbiota of all animals, to incorporate bacteria‐, virus‐ and human‐derived proteins into its OMVs. We then used the engineered Bt OMVs to deliver these proteins to the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI)‐tract to protect against infection, tissue inflammation and injury. Our findings demonstrate the ability to express and package both Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium‐derived vaccine antigens and influenza A virus (IAV)‐derived vaccine antigens within or on the outer membrane of Bt OMVs. These antigens were in a form capable of eliciting antigen‐specific immune and antibody responses in both mucosal tissues and systemically. Furthermore, immunisation with OMVs containing the core stalk region of the IAV H5 hemagglutinin from an H5N1 strain induced heterotypic protection in mice to a 10‐fold lethal dose of an unrelated subtype (H1N1) of IAV. We also showed that OMVs could express the human therapeutic protein, keratinocyte growth factor‐2 (KGF‐2), in a stable form that, when delivered orally, reduced disease severity and promoted intestinal epithelial repair and recovery in animals administered colitis‐inducing dextran sodium sulfate. Collectively, our data demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of using Bt OMVs as a mucosal biologics and drug delivery platform technology.
Fermion Propagator in QED - Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Transformations
Authors: Dall’Olio Pietro , Bashir Adnan
Published: June 2019

Gauge theories such as quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describe the physical world accurately at the level of fundamental particles. They possess gauge symmetry reflected in terms of several identities and transformation laws which impose tight constraints on all conceivable Green functions which define the theory. In this article, we describe and summarize the role played by the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin (LKF) transformations in this context. Within the set of covariant gauges, these transformations tell us how to construct a Green function in an arbitrary gauge, starting from its explicit expression in a particular gauge. In perturbation theory, these transformations are satisfied at every order of approximation. A non-perturbative description of QED and QCD in the continuum is provided by the Schwinger-Dyson Equations (SDEs). These are the fundamental equations of motion encoding the dynamics of Green functions. These equations provide a unified description of weak and strong coupling regimes and are thus increasingly employed to study strongly interacting theories and their transition to the perturbative limit. As these equations are an infinite set of coupled non-linear equations, a truncation is essential to reduce them to a solvable number. LKF transformations provide a stringent constraint on the acceptable truncations which preserve the original symmetries of the gauge theory involved. Most of these truncations consist in cleverly constructing an Anstaz for the electron-photon vertex in QED and the quark-gluon vertex in QCD. In this article, we review the LKF transformations for the fermion propagator. Very importantly, they imply the gauge invariance of the chiral fermion condensate and the pole mass of a fermion. We provide the first demonstration of the latter in this article. Moreover, we also describe how the LKF transformations of the fermion propagator provide gauge-symmetry constraints on a non-perturbative construction of the three-point fermion-boson vertex.
Spinning particles and higher spin field equations
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Bonezzi Roberto , Corradini Olindo , Latini Emanuele
Published: June 2019

Relativistic particles with higher spin can be described in first quantization using actions with local supersymmetry on the worldline. First, we present a brief review of these actions and their use in first quantization. In a Dirac quantization scheme the field equations emerge as Dirac constraints on the Hilbert space, and we outline how they lead to the description of higher spin fields in terms of the more standard Fronsdal-Labastida equations. Then, we describe how these actions can be extended so that the propagating particle is allowed to take different values of the spin, i.e. carry a reducible representation of the Poincaré group. This way one may identify a four dimensional model that carries the same degrees of freedom of the minimal Vasiliev’s interacting higher spin field theory. Extensions to massive particles and to propagation on (A)dS spaces are also briefly commented upon.
Graviton self-energy from worldlines
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Bonezzi Roberto
Published: June 2019

Worldline approaches, when available, often simplify and make more efficient the calculation of various observables in quantum field theories. In this contribution we first review the calculation of the graviton self-energy due to a loop of virtual particles of spin 0, 1/2 and 1, all of which have a well-known worldline description. For the case of the graviton itself, an elegant worldline description is still missing, though one can still describe it by constructing a worldline representation of the differential operators that arise in the quadratic approximation of the Einstein-Hilbert action. We have recently analyzed the latter approach, and we use it here to calculate the one-loop graviton self energy due to the graviton itself in this formalism.
On the behaviour of non-radial null geodesics in self-similar Tolman-Bondi collapse
Authors: Ortiz Néstor , Sarbach Olivier , Zannias Thomas
Published: June 2019

Motivated by recent work on the structure of the singularity in inhomogeneous Tolman-Bondi collapse models, we investigate the behaviour of null geodesics in the particular case where the collapse is self-similar. The presence of the homothetic Killing vector field implies that the geodesic equation can be described by an integrable Hamiltonian system, and exploiting this fact we provide a full qualitative picture for its phase flow.
Time Dependent Conserved Charges and their Gauging – A Modest Case Study in Shared Memory of Victor
Authors: Govaerts Jan
Published: June 2019

There exist instances of dynamical systems possessing symmetry transformations of which the conserved Noether charges generating these symmetries feature an explicit time dependence in their functional representation over phase space. The generators of such symmetries certainly do not commute with the Hamiltonian, and yet these charges are conserved observables for the classical and quantised dynamics. Furthermore within the Hamiltonian formalism and in the case of global symmetries such charges may be gauged to allow for arbitrary time dependent symmetry transformations, simply by extending the Hamiltonian to include the Noether charges as first-class constraints. An explicit illustration of these issues is presented in a simple and most familiar model that applies also to the constant gravitational force. This note draws its primary motivation from the quest towards a theory for quantum gravity, in wanting to understand better the tension existing between the local Equivalence Principle of the gravitational interaction and the fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics by considering the formulation of quantum systems relative to reference frames that are inertial or noninertial, and thus accelerated relative to one another through arbitrary time dependent spatial translations.
Nano- and microstructured plasmonic substrates for laser and spectral applications
Authors: Nguyen T T H , Kudryashov S I , Danilov P A , Ionin A A , Khmelnitskii R A , Rudenko A A , Saraeva I N
Published: June 2019

Nano- and micro-structures of thin plasmonic films by focused femtosecond laser pulses was demonstrated as chemo- and bio-sensing substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies. As an example, large regular arrays of microholes (mm-sized laboratory-scale) of millions holes with variable periods were produced in thin films of diverse plasmonic metals or alloys, demonstrating surface plasmon-polariton enhanced extraordinary transmission.
Modelling of temperature profiles and stress in CW laser diode bars
Authors: Bezotosnyi V V , Gordeev V P , Oleshchenko V A
Published: June 2019

We present the results of 3D thermal regimes modelling of CW laser diode arrays (LDA) assembled on the CS-mount type heat sinks. The dependences of the LDA temperature profiles on the fill factor (FF) of the LDA aperture at different levels of thermal load in different sections on LDA, including those inaccessible for direct experimental measurement calculated and discussed.
About the influences of gas composition and generator frequency on the formation conditions and parameters of vortex tube in the RF inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Grishin Yu M , Miao L.
Published: June 2019

The results of numerical simulation of plasma flow in the channel of technological radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RF–ICP) with three coils are presented. The generator frequency is varied from 1.76 to 13.56 MHz. The pure argon or Ar/H2 mixture are considered as the working gas. The volume fraction of hydrogen in Ar/H2 mixture is varied from 0 to 10%. The distributions of gas-dynamic parameters of plasma flow are calculated. It is shown that when the amplitude of discharge current exceeds a critical value (depends on volume fraction of hydrogen), the states of plasma flow transform from potential to vortical patterns, in which a toroidal vortex is found in front of the inductor zone. The dependencies of critical current on the generator frequency and volume fraction of hydrogen are established. The influences of generator frequency, volume fraction and discharge current on the intensity and coordinate of vortex tube are determined.
Application of innovative materials with stochastic nano- and microstructure of the surface: control of turbulent flows in plasma and aerodynamics
Authors: Budaev V.P.
Published: June 2019

It is proposed to control plasma turbulence near the LCMS of a tokamak with a system of electrodes made from porous tungsten. We propose to apply the RF modulation at the ion-cyclotron resonance frequency for driving of fluctuations near the LCMS. Porous tungsten plates used as biasing electrodes are the advantage to increase the emissivity of the porous surface and to reduce a surface erosion. To reduce the drag and thermal load on streamlined surfaces at supersonic and hypersonic speeds, it is proposed to cover the aircraft with materials of high porosity. The first experiments were carried by using model with fractal surfaces having non-Gaussian height statistics from ∼ 500 nanometers to ∼ 200 micrometers obtained by plasma treatment. The advantage of such a surface is the coincidence of the spectral and statistical characteristics of the stochastic topography of the surface with the turbulence characteristics of the flow.
The Development of Accelerating Structure E-type for 1 MeV Proton LINAC
Authors: Avreline N V
Published: June 2019

Experimental results and computer simulations of electrodynamic and thermodynamic characteristics are presented for an accelerating structure that is excited in the

T

M

010

0

mode and that has the accelerating channel of URAN-1M located in the diametric plane. The idea of using this structure in the particle accelerator URAN-1M, located at the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, with the goal of increasing the average beam current is explored. The experimental study and the computer simulation of accelerating structure excited in E010 mode that has accelerating channel of URAN-1M placed in the diametric plane of structure resulted in Rsh
= 165 MΩ/m and Q
0 = 9736. To form an accelerating field identical to that of URAN- 1M, the structure requires less than 15 kW RF power. Thermal analysis showed that if the main parts of the structure are water-cooled, the structure could operate in CW regime.
The Use of Interplanetary Medium as Fuel for Plasma Thrusters
Authors: Karimov A R , Yakovlev O V , Murad P A
Published: June 2019

Consuming long-range interplanetary medium as a fuel for driving plasma thrust is crucial. The methods of capturing the space environment depending on its density and the ship velocity are critical issues. The possible ways of creating ionization for neutral fluxes as a function of the solar radiation flux are also analyzed as a potential propellant. These processes define the permissible type of the plasma source. These options look extremely promising where a low thrust device continuously operating, could possibly deliver a celestial target close to the speed of light. Under such conditions at a considerable distance, the density of such material diminishes and it may be impossible to maintain a continuous operation mode of the plasma thruster but instead operate as a pulsed engine which might potentially be workable.
Influence of the Frequency Detuning to Electrodynamics Parameters of an Electron Linac
Authors: Polozov S M , Pronikov A I
Published: June 2019

It is very important task to define the tolerances necessary for correct operation of an electron linac. The detuning of linac main parameters as frequency, RF field amplitude and phase can sufficiently influence to the beam parameters. It is highly important for linacs with high brightness beams which are necessary for light sources and colliders. It is also sufficient for industrial linacs. A linac section consists of regular and bunching parts. The influence of one cell detuning on electrodynamics parameters of the whole section was studied. Results of such simulation will discuss in this paper.
The light nuclei stopping in metal targets of accelerators
Authors: Rashchikov V I , Shikanov A E
Published: June 2019

The report discusses processes of light nuclei stopping in a solid-state barrier. Accounting algorithm of energy losses of light nuclei for (0÷20) MeV - range was considered. Calculated functions of the energy losses for various materials were presented.
Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Approach for Determining The Best Vocational High School
Authors: Sarbi Sukadji , Basri  , Muslihudin Muhammad , Waziana Winia , Rukmana Ria
Published: June 2019

Vocational High School has its charm for prospective students. Graduates have ready-to-work capability based on the skills needed in the workplace. Decision-Making System using Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Weighted Product method as the best SMK determinant method is an interactive computer-based system that can help decision-makers to find the best alternative based on predetermined criteria. In this case, the proposed alternative is to determine the best Vocational High School based on the criteria by finding the weight value for each attribute. The criteria needed in decision making are Facility, Accreditation, Quality, Student (Non-Academic Achievement), Cost, Human Resources Teacher.
Industry System Integration of Drug Distribution on Pharmaceutical Installation Based on Supply Chain Management
Authors: Qashlim Akhmad , Syarli  , Basri
Published: June 2019

Supply Chain Management (SCM) requires all sectors to collaborate, coordinate, communicate and exchange information to improve inter-sector productivity. It takes information technology and supplies chain concepts to integrate all sector activities involved such as, in the health field such as clinics and health services. System integration will create good communication and exchange of information, and data availability will be fulfilled. This research will try to offer information technology in the form of integration system by using SCM concept to improve management performance; this research focuses on pharmaceutical warehouse operational activities in the way of distribution and management of drugs. Delivery of LPLPO by Clinic, Monitoring of transactions by Public Health Office. This activity is an SCM practice that requires connected entities to view the same data without disrupting the independence of each sector. System design using the waterfall method. The system will be built with PHP programming and MySQL database. Testing system using Xampp 6.2 servers with black box method, testing is done by requesting pharmacy installation officer to use the system. The results of the system test show that the performance in the internal control section helps management in looking at the stock situation, the type of drug demand, and the trend of existing disease patterns in the community. Data visualization is also helpful in determining health intervention decisions and policies. This has opened the eyes of management to the importance of information technology. Finally, this research becomes a recommendation to the pharmaceutical installation management to use information technology in operational activities