bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal Sosial Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mitigasi Bencana
Authors: Siti Nurbayani  , Lingga Utami
Published: January 2020

AbstractSome time ago, a natural disaster landslide occurred in the area of indigenous peoples Sukabumi who not only cause loss of material but immaterial. As we know, that Sirnaresmi Village is one of the traditional villages of Banten Kidul has a history a Sunda community. Indigenous peoples have the wisdom of Sirnaresmi Village with respect to forest management to preserve nature and their traditional advice that requires every family has leuit (granary). This study will focus on the understanding of social capital Sirnaresmi Village in disaster management based on local wisdom which has been run by the local community. This research used the qualitative approach with case studies method to look at how the planting concept of social capital based on local wisdom to every community as a form of public education in disaster mitigation. The results of this study indicate that the education of local wisdom in Sirnaresmi Village emphasize their forest management which divides it into several categories, namely, leuweung kolot, leuweung titipan, and leuweung sampalan which became a major element in the concept of local knowledge into social capital of trust and local customs that must be run. In addition, the close fraternal values of indigenous people considered as social capital in the form of a social network are not only the community but the entire Sirnaresmi Village only indigenous people of Banten Kidul.

 

Beberapa waktu lalu, bencana alam longsor terjadi di kawasan masyarakat adat Sukabumi yang tidak hanya menimbulkan kerugian material tetapi immaterial. Seperti kita ketahui, bahwa Desa Sirnaresmi merupakan salah satu desa adat Banten Kidul yang memiliki nilai sejarah berdirinya tanah Sunda. Masyarakat adat Desa Sirnaresmi memiliki kearifan lokal berkenaan dengan pengelolaan hutan untuk menjaga kelestarian alam dan adanya petuah adat yang mengharuskan setiap keluarga memiliki leuit (lumbung padi). Penelitian ini akan difokuskan kepada pemahaman modal sosial masyarakat Desa Sirnaresmi dalam melakukan mitigasi bencana didasarkan pada kearifan lokal yang sudah dijalankan oleh masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk melihat bagaimana penanaman konsep modal sosial berbasis kearifan lokal kepada setiap masyarakat sebagai bentuk edukasi masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kearifan lokal di Desa Sirnaresmi lebih menekankan adanya pengelolaan hutan yang membagi menjadi beberapa kategori yaitu, leuweung kolot, leuweung titipan, dan leuweung sampalan yang menjadi elemen utama dalam konsep kearifan lokal yang menjadi modal sosial berupa kepercayaan dan norma setempat yang wajib dijalankan. Selain itu, eratnya nilai persaudaraan masyarakat adat dianggap sebagai modal sosial berupa jaringan sosial tidak hanya masyarakat Desa Sirnaresmi saja tetapi seluruh masyarakat adat Banten Kidul.
El sistema económico internacional en 2019
Authors: Granell Trias Francesc
Published: January 2020

A los 75 años de la creación del FMI y del Banco Mundial, el sistema económico internacional multilateral  creado en Bretton Woods en 1944 está en crisis y  la economía mundial está en una fase de crecimiento lento por el proteccionismo que ha hecho caer en decadencia la OMC. En 2019 hemos celebrado el trigésimo aniversario de la caída del Muro de Berlín sin que se vea el final de la historia que se predijo entonces sino que el sistema internacional, Europa (con las incertidumbres del brexit) y muchos países están sumidos en situaciones de malestar social, populismos y retraimiento inversor diez años después de la gran crisis de 2008. Todo ello genera pesimismo. España crece más que otros países europeos, pero el independentismo catalán, el proceso electoral semipermanente y la falta de presupuestos retienen las perspectivas.
Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Terhadap Ekspor Komoditas Unggulan Indonesia
Authors: Taufiq M. , Natasah Nur Aliyah
Published: January 2020

his study aims to determine the effect of exchange rates on Indonesian commodity exports. Where the exchange rate is a comparison of the value or price of the Rupiah against other currencies. The dependent variable is the export of Indonesia's leading commodities, including Crude Palm Oil (Y1), Rubber (Y2) and textile (Y3) with the independent variable, namely the rupiah exchange rate (X). The data used in this study are time series data from 2012-2017. The method used is simple linear regression analysis, and is processed using the SPSS 16.0 program. The results of this study indicate that the rupiah exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on rubber export commodities and does not have a positive effect on palm oil (CPO) and textile commodities.
Analisis Sektor Unggulan yang Ada di Kabupaten Mojokerto Jawa Timur
Authors: Irmansyah Maulana
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the leading sectors and sectors that must be prioritized in Mojokerto Regency. This study uses secondary data from Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Mojokerto Regency and East Java Province in 2015-2016. The analytical tools used in this study are: 1). Location Quotient Analysis (LQ), 2) Dynamiq Location Quotient Analysis (DLQ), 3) Shift-Share Analysis and 4) Klassen Typology. The results of the analysis by sector shows that the sector which is the leading sector in Mojokerto Regency with criteria classified as the base and competitive sector is the manufacturing sector. For the sectors that must be prioritized in Mojokerto Regency are the manufacturing and real estate sectors.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Cair dan Pupuk kandang
Authors: Nursayuti
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk cair dan pupuk kandang  terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 (dua) faktor, yaitu faktor pupuk cair dan faktor pupuk kandang. Adapun parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi: tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat buah, diameter buah, dan jumlah buah  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk cair berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang pada umur 20, 40 dan 60 HST, berat buah dan jumlah buah. Pemberian pupuk cair terbaik pada dosis O2 (100 ml/L air). Pemberian pupuk kandang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 20 dan 40 HST, diameter batang pada umur 20, 40 dan 60 HST dan jumlah buah. Pemberian pupuk kandang terbaik padas dosis K2 (10 ton/ha). Terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara pemberian pupuk cair dan pupuk kandang terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 20 HST, diameter batang umur 60 HST dan jumlah buah.
Embracing Complexity: Diaspora Politics as a Co-Construction
Authors: Féron Élise
Published: January 2020

Building on cases of conflict-generated diaspora groups, the article proposes to understand diaspora politics as a co-construction between a series of actors that is not limited to home and host states. It argues that repeated attempts to understand diaspora politics as mostly produced by home or host countries is the result of an unwillingness to embrace the fundamentally disruptive nature of diasporas in interstate politics. Diasporas are hybrid political actors that have connections, not only with their countries of origin and of residence, but also with other diaspora groups located in the same country or elsewhere as well as with other actors at the transnational level. Taking stock of state-based approaches to diaspora politics, as well as of analyses focusing on internal diaspora matters, the article shifts the focus towards the interstate and transnational dimensions of diaspora politics and emphasises their potential to move across levels and spheres of engagement
The Repertoire of Extraterritorial Repression: Diasporas and Home States
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Taş Hakkı
Published: January 2020

This article scrutinises the extraterritorial repression strategies of contemporary non-democracies, as evidenced by the Turkish Justice and Development Party’s efforts to purge the Gülen Movement globally after the 2016 coup attempt. Adopting “repertoire”, as conceptualised by Charles Tilly, this article explores it in light of “extraterritorial repression,” which includes the diverse skills and tactics mobilised to stifle dissent beyond national borders. This set of repressive measures is further directed at making claims on individuals and movements in the diaspora. By bringing attention to the repressive side of diaspora engagement, this article shows that diasporas are also shaped by repressive policies from their home countries.
Çalışanların Karanlık Kişilik Özelliklerinin Tükenmişliğe Etkisinde Genel Öz-Yeterliliğin Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: ÖZSOY Emrah , ARDIÇ Kadir
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın
amacı çalışanların karanlık kişilik özelliklerinin (narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve
psikopati) tükenmişliğe etkisinde genel öz-yeterliliğin düzenleyici rolünün
test edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda Sakarya’da faaliyet gösteren bir özel sektör
işletmesinden toplamda 182 çalışan araştırmaya dâhil olmuştur. Çalışanların
karanlık kişilik özelliklerinin tükenmişliğe etkisinde genel öz-yeterliliğin düzenleyici
rolünün tespit edilmesi için Hayes’in (2013) PROCESS modelinden
yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre sadece narsisizmin duygusal
tükenmeye etkisinde, genel öz-yeterliliğin anlamlı bir şekilde düzenleyici
etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Harici değişkenlerin (Karanlık Üçlü toplam
skor, Makyavelizm, psikopati) tükenmişliğe etkisinde, genel öz-yeterlilik
düzenleyici rol oynamamıştır.
Depo Yeri Seçimi için Aralık Tip-2 Bulanık ÇKKV Tabanlı Hibrit Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: ÇALIK Ahmet
Published: January 2020

Doğru yerden doğru yere mümkün olan en iyi kalitede ürün
teslim etmeyi amaçlayan çoğu şirket için, doğru depo yeri seçimi stratejik
başarı için çok önemlidir. Şirketlerin doğru konum kararını vermesi küresel iş
ortamında her geçen gün belirsiz hale geldiğinden, yeni bir depo yeri hakkında
sağlam ve geleceğe dönük bir karar vermek büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, doğru
depo yeri seçiminin belirlenmesi, başarılı bir tedarik zinciri sisteminin
geliştirilmesindeki temel problemlerden biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, uygun depo
yerini seçmek için aralık tip-2 bulanık kümeleriyle genişletilen çok kriterli
karar verme (ÇKKV) yönteminin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Önerilen yaklaşım,
karar vermede uzmanların yargılarında ve ifadelerinde yer alan belirsizliğinin
üstesinden gelmek için aralık tip-2 bulanık ortam altında AHP ve TOPSIS
yöntemlerini içermektedir. Bulanık AHP, depo seçiminde uzmanlarca belirlenen
kriterlerin ağırlıklarını belirlemek için kullanılmış; ardından aralık tip-2 yamuksal
bulanık sayılar ile alternatif depoların sıralamasını elde etmek için TOPSIS
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Önerilen metodolojinin uygulamasını göstermek için, Türkiye’de
yeni bir depo açmak isteyen firma için gerçek verileri kullanarak bir çalışma
yürütülmüştür.
BİST’de İşlem Gören Gayrimenkul Yatırım Ortaklığı İşletmelerinin Finansal Performanslarının ÇKKV Yöntemleri İle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Umut , ÖZİÇ Hatice Can , ÇIBIK Erkan
Published: January 2020

Geleceğimizi öngörebilmek ve günümüz
rekabet ortamında şirketlerin finansal performanslarının önemli bir unsur
olduğu bilinmektedir. Durum böyle olunca sadece finansal oran analizleri de
belli bir ölçüde yeterli gelmediği görülmüştür. Bunun için araştırmacılar
belirli yöntemler geliştirmiş ve uygulamalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu
uygulamalar arasında çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri sıklıkla kullanılan
bir yöntemler dizisi olduğu görülmüştür. Türkiye’de gayrimenkul yatırım
ortaklığı şirketleri de sermayesi ciddi önemli bir sektör olduğu bilinmektedir.
Bu yüzdendir ki bu sektörde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin finansal rasyo
analizlerinin yapılması yatırımcılar ve şirket yöneticileri için önemlidir. Bu
çalışmamızda gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklığı sektöründe faaliyet gösteren
sermayesi en yüksek on şirket ele alınarak belli finansal oranlar ile çok
kriterli karar verme yöntemleri olan TOPSIS ile MOORA yöntemi kullanılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın öncelikli
amacı, farklı standartlardaki ölçüm araçları ile şirketlerin finansal
performans sıralamalarının ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda hisse
senetleri borsada işlem görmekte olan sermayesi 2017 yılı için en yüksek seviyede
olduğu tespit edilen gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklığı şirketlerinin finansal
performanslarının sıralaması TOPSIS ve MOORA tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Çalışmada ilk olarak 2013-2017
yılsonu verileriyle 10 adet geleneksel olarak kullanılan finansal oran
hesaplanmış daha sonra oranların ortalaması alınarak TOPSIS ve MOORA yönteminin
karar matrisi bu şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Böylelikle kullanılan 10 şirketin
oran analizleriyle finansal performans kriterleri açısından oluşturulan
sıralamalar karşılaştırılıp yorumlanmıştır.
Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin İnsan Haklarına Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Gül , KABADAYI Menderes , YILMAZ Ali Kerim , TAŞMEKTEPLİGİL Mehmet Yalçın
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı spor bilimleri
fakültesinde eğitim gören öğrencilerin sporda insan haklarına ilişkin
tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Spor
Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2017-2018 öğretim yılı antrenörlük, spor yöneticiliği ve
beden eğitimi öğretmenliği bölümü öğrencileri katılmıştır. Araştırma, gönüllü
katılım ile yapılmıştır. Birinci sınıftan 79, ikinci sınıf 86, üçüncü sınıftan
121, dördüncü sınıftan 214, toplam 500 öğrenci araştırmaya katılmıştır. Verilerin
toplanması amacıyla Sadık (2014) tarafından geliştirilen, 3 alt boyut ve 29
maddeden oluşan ‘Sporda İnsan Hakları Tutum Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Normal
dağılım gösteren gruplar için ANOVA testi ve t testi, normal dağılım
göstermeyen gruplar için ise Mann Whitney U ve Kruskall Wallis H testleri
uygulanmıştır. Sporda insan hakları alt boyutları için alınan skorlar 1. ve 2.
sınıflar için daha düşük olup 3 ve 4. sınıflar için daha yüksek çıkmıştır.
Ayrıca yaş grubu arttıkça alınan skorların arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. En
düşük skora sahip yaş grubunun en düşük yaş aralığına sahip olan 18 ve 20 yaş
arası grup olduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada
sporcu üniversite örgencilerinin kişilik hakları, sosyal haklar ve
dayanışma hakları alt boyutlarına yönelik tutumları saptanmıştır. Spor
bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal haklar alt boyutu ortalamasının
kişisel haklar ve dayanışma hakları alt boyutu ortalamasına oranla daha yüksek
olmasına rağmen sporda insan haklarına ilişkin genel tutumlarının düşük olduğu
görülmüştür. Buna göre, insan hakları konusunda Türkiye’de yapılması gereken
birçok sosyal ve eğitime yönelik düzenlemeye ihtiyaç olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sezgisel Bulanık Mantık ve Entropi Tabanlı Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemiyle Finansal Performans Analizi: BİST’de İşlem Gören Enerji Şirketleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: KARCIOĞLU Reşat , YALÇIN Selçuk , GÜLTEKİN Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2020

Teknolojinin hızla
gelişmesi sonucunda enerjiye olan ihtiyaç her geçen gün artmaktadır. Artan
enerji ihtiyacı ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma süreçlerinde enerji sektörünün
hayati bir öneme sahip olmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada BİST’de işlem
gören 8 enerji şirketinin finansal performansı sezgisel bulanık mantık ve çok
kriterli karar verme teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 8 enerji
şirketinin 2013-2017 yıllarına ait gerçek verileri kullanılmıştır. Karar
sürecinde; büyüme, faaliyet, kaldıraç, karlılık ve likidite olmak üzere 5 ana
kriter ile 13 alt kriter kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda 8 enerji
şirketi arasında en iyi performansı Odaş Elektrik A.Ş gösterirken en kötü
performansı ise Ayen Elektrik A.Ş göstermiştir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Benlik Saygılarının Stresle Başaçıkma Tutumlarını Yordama Gücü
Authors: AVŞAROĞLU Selahattin , İDAYEVA Asem
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin benlik saygılarının stresle başaçıkma tutumlarını
yordama gücünü incelemektir. Araştırma grubunu, 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim
yılında Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi ve Oş Devlet Üniversitesi’nin
farklı fakültelerinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma,
tesadüfî eleman örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen toplam 303 öğrenciden oluşmuştur.
Verilerin toplanmasında, Arıcak
(1999) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ‘Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği’ ve Özbay (1997)
tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ‘Stresle Başaçıkma Tutumları Envanteri’
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, genel tarama modelinin bir alt türü olan ilişkisel
tarama modeline uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde korelâsyon
ve regresyon analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre benlik
saygısının stresle başa çıkmada bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma, aktif planlama
ve dine sığınma ile pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu
görülmüştür. Buna karşılık, stresle başaçıkmanın kaçma biyo-kimyasal, kaçınma
duygusal eylemsel ve dış yardım arama alt boyutları, benlik saygısı ile negatif
yönlü anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Benlik saygısı toplam alt
boyutlarının (benlik değeri, öz-güven, depresif duygulanım, kendine yetme,
başarma ve üretkenlik) stresle başaçıkma tutumlarını güçlü bir şekilde
yordadığı bulunmuştur.
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells use podosomes to transcellularly cross the bone marrow endothelium
Authors: Timo Rademakers  , Marieke Goedhart  , Mark Hoogenboezem  , Alexander García Ponce  , Jos van Rijssel  , Maryna Samus  , Michael Schnoor  , Stefan Butz  , Stephan Huveneers  , Dietmar Vestweber  , Martijn A. Nolte  , Carlijn Voermans  , Jaap D. van Buul
Published: January 2020

Bone marrow endothelium plays an important role in the homing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells upon transplantation, but surprisingly little is known on how the bone marrow endothelial cells regulate local permeability and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transmigration. We show that temporal loss of vascular endothelial-cadherin function promotes vascular permeability in BM, even upon low-dose irradiation. Loss of vascular endothelial-cadherin function also enhances homing of transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the bone marrow of irradiated mice although engraftment is not increased. Intriguingly, stabilizing junctional vascular endothelial-cadherin in vivo reduced bone marrow permeability, but did not prevent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells migration into the bone marrow, suggesting that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells use the transcellular migration route to enter the bone marrow. Indeed, using an in vitro migration assay, we show that human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells predominantly cross bone marrow endothelium in a transcellular manner in homeostasis by inducing podosome-like structures. Taken together, vascular endothelial-cadherin is crucial for BM vascular homeostasis but dispensable for the homing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These findings are important in the development of potential therapeutic targets to improve hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing strategies.
Alternative activation of human macrophages enhances tissue factor expression and production of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Philipp J. Hohensinner  , Julia Mayer  , Julia Kichbacher  , Julia Kral-Pointner  , Barbara Thaler  , Christoph Kaun  , Lena Hell  , Patrick Haider  , Marion Mussbacher  , Johannes A. Schmid  , Stefan Stojkovic  , Svitlana Demyanets  , Michael B. Fischer  , Kurt Huber  , Katharina Wöran  , Christian Hengstenberg  , Walter S. Speidl  , Rudolf Oehler  , Ingrid Pabinger  , Johann Wojta
Published: January 2020

Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. Proinflammatory polarization is associated with increased tissue degradation and propagation of inflammation whereas alternative polarization within a Th2 cytokine environment is associated with wound healing and angiogenesis. To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. In addition, also TF activity was enhanced in extracellular vesicles of alternatively polarized macrophages. This TF induction was dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 signaling and poly ADP ribose polymerase activity. In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Previous polarization to either a proinflammatory or an alternative activation subset does not change the subsequent stimulation of TF. The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages.
White spot syndrome virus in decapods from Mississippi Sound, USA, and susceptibility of Palaemonetes pugio and Uca panacea to a Chinese isolate
Authors: Muhammad M , Lotz JM , Blaylock RB , Curran SS
Published: January 2020

The presence and quantity of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was surveyed using TaqMan real-time PCR to assess the extent of the virus in Mississippi Sound, USA. A total of 3577 wild decapods comprising 11 species was collected between November 2012 and August 2015: WSSV was present in 10 of the 11 species. Prevalence ranged from 5.1% in Uca rapax to 38.8% in U. spinicarpa. Viral load ranged from 1.8 to 7.3 log10 copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA. Two Gulf species, Palaemonetes pugio and U. panacea, were injected with a series of doses of a virulent WSSV isolate from China to determine relative susceptibility and virulence because continuing translocation of highly pathogenic isolates of WSSV poses risk to native species. Survival was 0-65% for P. pugio and 5-60% for U. panacea. Median survival time was lower for P. pugio than U. panacea at all doses. Mean (±SD) lethal load was 9.0 ± 8.9 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA in P. pugio and 8.2 ± 8.3 in U. panacea. Mean viral load in survivors was higher in U. panacea than in P. pugio (5.8 ± 6.1 vs. 3.2 ± 3.0 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA); mean viral load was lower in wild individuals of those species (2.9 ± 3.2 for P. pugio and 4.9 ± 5.0 for U. panacea). U. panacea is potentially more tolerant of WSSV than P. pugio and may serve as an important reservoir host in the community.
IMPROVING STUDENTS ABILITY ON ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE (ESP) COURSE THROUGH STAR 7 JUMPS MODEL AT COACH STUDY PROGRAM FKIP- UNRI
Authors: M.Hum Dr. Erni
Published: January 2020

This  classroom action research design  was aimed at  analysing students failure  in learning ESP (English for specific  purposes) and finding  out its solution. The purpose of this study was   to improve the ability of Coach  Study Program students of FKIP UNRI  in learning ESP  through STAR 7 Jumps model and to find out  factors that  contribute more to the improvement. Total 36  students which consisted of 27 boys and 9 gilrs  involved as the  participants of the study. This reserach  was done in two cycles. Designing syllabus, evaluating teaching materials, and compiling  teaching materials were  also the procedures done in the each  cysle (Planing, action, observation and reflection). Semi structure observation sheets and field note  were used  to identify how  leacturer teaching and how learners learning  and ESP achievement test was employed to identify students ability. The lecturer applied the seven  steps of STAR well and it made the students  more active, motivated  and interested in learning ESP. Students’ ability in learning ESP was also improved   where  mean pre-test  was 67, mean post-test cycle 1  was 73 and mean post-test cycle 2 was 76.  The most dominant factor that caused the improvment was the teaching materials about match sport topic by which  most students were active  in problem identification, brain storming, analyzing and formulating problems, self-study and presentation.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN GURU TERHADAP SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi
Published: January 2020

Preliminary observations made at SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency, found a phenomenon where some teachers did not know about environmentally sound schools, lack of knowledge of teachers and other school members regarding adiwiyata school policies, lack of implementation of adiwiyata schools, and so on. Based on the problems mentioned above, this school action research was carried out with the aim of increasing teacher knowledge about Adiwiyata school and to find out the weaknesses and strengths of the implementation of demonstration methods to increase teacher knowledge in SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency. This research was designed in the form of a School Action Research which was planned to be carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were the teachers at SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency, totaling 9 teachers. Based on the research, it is known that the teacher's knowledge of Adiwiyata school in the second cycle reached a predetermined indicator, namely the teacher's knowledge of Adiwiyata school which was categorized as good which was achieved at 33.3% and very good 22.2%, and quite good 44.4% meaning this number had exceeded the figure predetermined success, which is 70%. Thus it can be concluded that the implementation of the Demonstration Method can Increase Teachers' Knowledge of Adiwiyata School in SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency.
Occidentalism
Authors: Smail Salhi Zahia
Published: January 2020

The prime objective of this book is to underpin the Maghrebi encounter with the Occident, which evolved from fascination (Occidentophilia), to Ambivalence, to rejection of the Occident (Occidentophobia) through a process of decolonization.
It sheds light on many neglected areas in the study of Maghrebi literature and culture by rehabilitating and reintegrating the pre-1945 novels, hitherto shunned as politically decadent, into the history and the study of Maghrebi literature. It deconstructs this endangered literary corpus with depth, and situates it with other works produced concomitantly in the form of manifestos and letters addressed to the Occident. These works represent the voices of the pre-1945 elite who expressed their fascination of occidental culture with a plea to the Occident to extend its civilization to all factions of the colonized society.
The book traces literary depictions of Algerian converts to Christianity; a community obliterated by mainstream discourse of nationalism. The book unearths their voices and gives explanation to their anguishes, and dilemmas as exemplified in the work of the Amrouche family of authors.
It also delves into Imperial Feminism and the writings of French feminists on their mission to save native Maghrebi women. To complete the circle the book examines the birth of Algerian feminism and its depiction through literature, of the native women’s encounter with the Occident as advocated in the work of Djamila Débêche.
The book concludes by analysing the reasons behind the failure of the East –West encounter as the end of a chimera.
The Occident and the Barbary Corsairs: Pre-colonial Maghrebi Encounters with the Occident
Authors: Smail Salhi Zahia
Published: January 2020

This chapter argues that while French occupation of the Maghreb was motivated by economic gain, religion played a pivotal role in the Maghrebi encounter with the Occident. This is demonstrated by Chukri Khodja’s historical novel El-Euldj that addresses the theme of the Barbary corsairs, their control of the Mediterranean Sea, and their tyranny against Christian captives.
As if written from the perspective of a European author, El-Euldj discusses the complexity as well as the impossibility of religious conversion and the intricacies of adopting French civilisation and culture. These two facts constitute the main themes addressed by the Francophone Maghrebi novels of the first half of the twentieth century, which mainly focussed on the early encounters with the Occident within the Maghreb itself. Voicing the concerns of the native elite, El-Euldj is almost a plea to the Occident to give up its policy of making conversion to Catholicism a condition for naturalisation demonstrating that it is perfectly possible to become French and remain Muslim, building thus the thesis of the ‘Français Musulman’, as the status of naturalised Maghrebis.
Unlike the vernacular and classical Arabic poetry, which is unreservedly ‘Occidentophobic’, this novel presents an ambivalent position vis-à-vis the Occident.
‘La France, c’est moi’:1 Love and Infatuation with the Occident
Authors: Smail Salhi Zahia
Published: January 2020

This chapter studies three representative novels that voice their authors’ fascination with the Occident and desire to see their people become part of the civilised world.
Although these novels are guided by their authors’ unbending belief in France’s civilising mission, the social ills they depict invite the readers’ doubts of this view. Whether they were fully assimilated to the point of converting to Christianity (Chukri Khodja’s Mamoun: L’Ebauche d’un idéal), or partially assimilated by remaining Muslim while indulging in the vice of drinking alcohol and mixing with bad Europeans (Abdelkader Hadj Hamou’s Zohra la femme du mineur), the main characters in these novels have not been saved from their ‘barbarity’; one way or another, they all meet a tragic end.
In contrast however, Mohammed Ould Cheikh’s Myriem dans les Palmes heralds a new era where through mixed marriages and the fusion of the French and Maghrebi races peace prevails at last, reflecting of course the author’s utopic dream as promoted by the French civilising mission.
Furthermore, this chapter demonstrates that the discussed novels offer significant instances of self-exoticism and a faithful adoption of the Orientalist tropes providing thus much needed clichés to the authors’ targeted Occidental readers.
On Action and Decisions by the Intelligence Consumer
Authors: Hatlebrekke Kjetil Anders
Published: January 2020

This chapter demonstrates how the nature of the threat, the political situation during the Clinton years, the problem of induction and the fact that intelligence as a phenomenon was not properly understood combined to create a cognitive climate in which the threat became increasingly challenging to comprehend within the limits of inductive logic. This situation could develop because the interplay between the threat and the problem of induction facilitated cognitive closure, and it was when the consequence of this interplay interacted with secrecy and intelligence tribal language that discourse failure evolved. The final result was that the decision-makers did not manage to analyse the situation and the threat properly, and they thus did not have a language that was sophisticated and precise enough to communicate the complexity of the threat from al Qaeda. The Clinton and Bush administrations therefore became cognitively and politically handicapped and could thus not implement effective policy.
Italian Crime Films and the Years of Lead
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

This chapter places Italy's 1970s within a broad continuum in post-war Western Europe, in which wartime schisms were silenced and shelved, only to reappear decades later into a transformed cultural landscape. An attendant sense of national 'taking stock' manifested itself in an acute awareness of the weight of the past, and of the present moment's significance as a turning point in Italian history. The chapter analyses this point in detail by looking at the influence of the USA in the post-war years, with a particular focus on Italy's film industry. As a barometer for the intimate economic and cultural relationship between the two nations, Italian cinema embodied wider tensions between the local and the global, and the 'crime film' is taken as a case in point.
Nostalgic Gangsters and the Mafia Filone
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines a filone of mafia films that proliferated in Italy between 1972 and 1974, and analyses how they inherit, recycle and perpetuate a number of pre-existing popular myths that frame the mafia as a repository for elegiac nostalgia. Transatlantic myths that crystallised in The Godfather are themselves shown to emerge from traditions of representation and stereotyping, in which the mafia film has always acted as a chronicle of cultural displacement. The Italian mafia film, meanwhile, is shown to be a component part of a broader tendency to stereotype the 'backward' southern regions of Italy as a window into the nation's history and a forum for taking stock of the contemporary moment in relation to a benighted past. The mafia filone of 1972-1974 is thereby seen to be an illuminating document of production decisions, marketing ploys and ruminations on the state of contemporary Italy.
Serial Killing and the Giallo
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyses films connected through their depiction of serial killing in contemporary Italy, which are usually categorised within the giallo filone. These are shown to demonstrate a variety of ways in which filone cinema was characterised by tensions between cosmopolitanism and parochialism, in turn providing further insights into how particular filoni sought to capitalise on a preoccupation with the recent past. The giallo's broader obsessions with past traumas, fragmented memories and the unravelling of supposed facts are thus placed in the contexts of Italy's contested recent past, illuminating the extent to which wartime memory weighed heavily on the 1970s present.
From Cineludic form to Mise-En-Game: The Ludification of Cinematic Storyworlds in the Star Wars Video Games
Authors: Rauscher Andreas
Published: January 2020

Andreas Rauscher analyzes the complex convergence of film, video games, and other media within the Star Wars franchise. He argues that stylistic influence within the franchise extends in multiple directions, as while the games bear cinematic elements, the recent film entries remediate ludic concepts. Overall, he notes that the remediation of ludic structures and situations provides a key aesthetic element to Lucasfilm and Disney’s recent Star Wars films.
Transmedia-To-Go: Licensed Mobile Gaming in Japan
Authors: Hartzheim Bryan Hikari
Published: January 2020

Bryan Hikari Hartzheim examines how a growing number of top-grossing and popular mobile game titles are extensions of larger media franchises that also stem from other media properties. He posits the licensed mobile game as a flexible, promotional paratext within Japanese video game and anime transmedia franchises such as Dragon Ball and Final Fantasy. As such, his chapter considers the increasingly important role of ancillary, low-budget texts and how they can quickly adapt to changing market conditions to effectively monetize audience interests.
The Gothic Body before and after Freud
Authors: Bruhm Steven
Published: January 2020

This chapter reads Freud's relatively overlooked essay, "A Seventeenth-Century Demonological Neurosis" (1923), to consider how psychoanalysis received the Gothic trope of demoniacal possession and made of it an intra-psychic, rather than a religiously spiritual affair. The resulting analysis traces Freud's construction of the demoniacal from the Medieval-metaphysical to the empiricist psychological and then into the metapsychological, to consider how the demoniacal that Freud wanted to tame always exceeded his disciplining of it. By considering the historical slippage between "possession" and "obsession," this essay charts the rich but uneasy relation between demonism as an attack on the soul versus demonism as an attack on the body. It concludes by considering demonology in William Peter Blatty's The Exorcist and Ray Russell's The Case Against Satan, to emphasize the ways the post-Freudian Gothic cannot escape its medieval roots in bodily humiliation.
The Gothic at the Heart of Film and Film Theory
Authors: Bronfen Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

The main elements of the Freudian uncanny - re-animation of the dead, doubles, repetition compulsion, omnipotence of thought - can also be seen as a catalogue of the key techniques of cinema, the magical thinking on which the affective effect of cinema is predicated. So as explore the Gothic at the heart of cinema's theorization of its own epistemological, psychological and aesthetic concerns, this chapter begins with the flashback scenes in the TV series Mad Men. Montage (and especially superimpositions) perform the spectral haunting at issue, notably how the past overshadows and encroaches upon the present and how the distinction between material and psychic reality, body and mind comes to blur. Given that, like much current cinema, Mathew Weiner's show is a genre mix, the chapter finally moves back into cinema history to explore the Gothic at the heart of film in Alfred Hitchcock's unique splice between film noir and melodrama.
Affect and the Immersive Experience of Bodily Excess: The Revenant (2015)
Authors: White John
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the way in which The Revenant (2015) allows the spectator to confront themselves with extreme bodily experiences within a safe, virtual space. In the expression of ‘body spectacle’ the film presents episodes that might be described as either ‘gross’ or ‘excessive’. In the abuse of human bodies that is displayed the film becomes, on one level, a Western offered as a festival of gore. This is ‘pain porn’ packed with relevance to the post-9/11 American experience. Brutality against the body can be seen, for example, in relation to battlefield trauma. Here the story of a legendary frontiersman is being re-packaged within the context of the early 21st century in such a way as to express American exceptionalism for a contemporary audience. However, for the audience the physicality of the images means the primary experience is one of bodily ‘affect’.
Conclusion
Authors: White John
Published: January 2020

This chapter suggests this book puts forward no more than the idea that films reflect the ideological contestations of the time and place of their inception, or that they reflect the anxieties of the periods in which they have been made. The films under consideration have been shown to reinforce the myth of America, endorse the use of extreme force in dealing with enemies, highlight the importance of defending the homeland, provide exhilarating escapist entertainment, deliver a virtual experience of visceral body abuse, immerse audiences within an ahistorical postmodern space, foreground religious concepts of forgiveness and redemption, and contribute towards a contemporary western culture of fear. It is argued that what we have on offer are ‘War on Terror’ Westerns.
Staging Protest and Repression: Guy Fawkes in Post-Peterloo Performance
Authors: Burwick Frederick
Published: January 2020

In the aftermath of Peterloo many plays were performed that featured violent military repression directed against a gathering of the downtrodden. None of these plays could directly identify the stage representation with the events at Manchester on 16 August 1819. The representation of Peterloo was possible only under disguise. In order to avoid censorship, the playwright must claim a setting in some other place or time. A convenient disguise was Guy Fawkes, who had been transformed from a villainous conspirator into a hero of the oppressed. The historical transformation was strikingly evident in the rowdy festivities of Guy Fawkes Night (November 5). What was originally intended as a celebration of the salvation of James I had become a celebration of Guy Fawkes as the rebel against tyranny. Stage versions of Guy Fawkes; or, The Gunpowder Treason gained popularity as plays of post-Peterloo protest.
‘The Most Portentous Event in Modern History’: Ireland Before and After the Peterloo Massacre
Authors: Kelly James
Published: January 2020

This chapter looks at Irish responses to Peterloo. It looks at the relations between radical reformers and the movement for Catholic Emancipation. The kind of political repression that was enacted in Manchester in August of that year was more common in Ireland, and reformers made common cause with Irish Catholics, many of whom were beginning to migrate to the industrial towns of Northern England. Ireland gave English reformers a cautionary example of tyrannical government, while Irish writers and politicians saw in Peterloo an illustration of the English establishment's true coercive colours. There was however a deeper sense in which Peterloo and the Irish Question were imbricated in early nineteenth-century culture. The role of public speaking, the control of potentially subversive speech, and the challenge of radical politics to traditional standards of rhetoric and oratory were all brought into focus in the years leading to the massacre.
The Church and Peterloo
Authors: Gardner John
Published: January 2020

This Chapter examines the involvement of Clerical Magistrates, William Hay and Charles Wicksted Ethelston, in the Peterloo Massacre. It finds a public consciousness, evidenced in newspapers, squibs, poems and illustrations that members of the Church acted for the Government against political reform. Contemporary texts also show suspicion that religious leaders acted as spies. This chapter provides concrete evidence from the National Archives. Mistrust of church figures increased after Peterloo, leading to publications focussing on church vice, corruption, and hypocrisy on issues like homosexuality with the Archbishop of Clogher scandal. After the post-Peterloo Six Acts, the Church provided a soft underbelly for continuing radicalism against the State.
‘Reform or Convulsion’: Jeremy Bentham and the Peterloo Massacre
Authors: Myers Victoria
Published: January 2020

By 1819, Jeremy Bentham was fully aware that the law courts' entrenched practices, perverting and denying justice, were countenanced by parliamentary inaction and required not only law reform but reform of parliament itself - pushing the nation's choice to one between 'reform or convulsion'. This chapter demonstrates Bentham's understanding that, despite all the attention given to popular resistance and uprising, several sorts of violence dominated the British judicial and parliamentary system: violence-promoting language such as legal fictions, 'sinister interest' motivating corruption, as well as legalized violence through punishment. Bentham showed that, those with authority pursued sinister interests by taking the opportunities afforded by natural desires and the situations created by the system. The chapter argues that, through application of his utility principle and through ridicule (his rhetorical counter-violence), Bentham revealed systemic violence, undercut the fallacious and fiction-dependent arguments upholding the system, and challenged legal and parliamentary authority.
Shelley’s Poetry and Suffering
Authors: Scrivener Michael
Published: January 2020

After Peterloo in 1819-20, P. B. Shelley was thinking through poetry-by metaphors, myths, associations, and symbolic connections-for alternatives to authoritarian politics; he explored how the mind functioned in political conflict and imagined how society might function nonviolently within a just order. His poetic thinking relied on figures of the feminine and the maternal for alternative resolutions: feminine-centred and maternal myths avoided the injustice of patriarchal structures. The poetic process, which he describes as 'inspired', and 'not subject to the control of the active powers of the mind', drew upon Oedipal energies and other unconscious conflicts. He fully developed this project in Prometheus Unbound and The Mask of Anarchy.
Essay Films about Film: The ‘Filmed Correspondence’ Between José Luis Guerin and Jonas Mekas
Authors: Canet Fernando
Published: January 2020

One of the most enlightening examples of essay films exploring filmmaking is the unique dialogue between José Luis Guerín and Jonas Mekas. Taking part in the larger Todas las cartas. Correspondencias fílmicas project, the two directors exchanged nine video letters from December 2009 to April 2011. In his chapter Fernando Canet embarks on a close analysis of this filmed correspondence. It quickly transpires that both filmmakers are cinephilic and fervent enthusiasts of their trade; they live by and for the cinema, and typically express their personal reflections on cinema in or through their filmmaking practice. Their filmed letters generate ‘ideas’ about film as a reflective and critical response as well as an alternative approach to traditional criticism.
No Man’s Zone: The Essay Film in the Aftermath of the Tsunami in Japan
Authors: Bohr Marco
Published: January 2020

Produced in the immediate aftermath of the tsunami and earthquake that hit Japan on the 11th of March 2011, Toshi Fujiwara’s film No Man’s Zone(Mujin Chitai, 2012) is a portrait of a country coming to terms with the nuclear fallout in Fukushima. Interviews are interlaced with long takes of the post-apocalyptic landscape and subtle observations that point to the suffering and trauma by the people living in, or uprooted from, the area near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The film also questions the role of images of the disaster and indeed the role of the filmmaker creating these very images. Marco Bohr highlights how the philosophical debate about the role of images produced in a disaster zone is primarily facilitated through the aesthetic, formal and structural device of the essay film.Its self-reflexivity is deployed here as a strategy to provoke the viewer in seeing representations of the disaster in a new light.
The End of the Frame
Authors: Burgin Victor
Published: January 2020

The chapter continues a decades long engagement by Victor Burgin with the theoretical work of Laura Mulvey as in pertains to cinema theory, panoramic perception, narration, memory and time. The chapter links these issues to how they are addressed and used in Burgin's practice and theoretical writing. The chapter includes Barthes in the discussions of cinematic theory in discussion with photographic theory through artistic practice that foregrounds modes of moving image narrative capacities for theatre and gallery-based spectators. Two kinds of narrative practices emerge, each relevant to spectatorship and viewing situation, as well as art work. The opposition between movement and still, the chapter argues, is not to be reduced to the distinction in narrative theory between 'narrative' and 'image', but is rather a matter of two kinds of narrative structure historically located in two kinds of architectural setting, each presupposing its own specific form of audience behavior.