bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 1 from Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

STI-8811 structure, binding, and internalization capacity in BCMA-expressing tumor cell lines. A, Structure and analytical data of STI-8811 showing cysteine rebridging conjugation, cleavable Gly5 linker, and Duo5 payload. B, BCMA surface expression in 16 tumor cell lines (n = 2–4) determined by quantitative flow cytometry using STI-1260 labelled with Alexa Fluor 647. Receptor binding signal was normalized to the flurophore/mAb ratio, and quantification was performed by reference to a standard bead curve. C, Binding of STI-8811, J6M0-mc-MMAF, and their corresponding mAbs (n = 3) to BCMA-positive NCI-H929, RPMI8226, and OPM-2; BCMA-negative K562; and BCMA-overexpressing K562-BCMA cell lines. D, Live-cell imaging internalization assay in BCMA-positive NCI-H929 (left) and BCMA-negative HDLM-2 (right) cell lines (n = 3). E, Quantitative internalization of STI-1260 (light blue) and STI-8811 (dark blue) measured under saturating antibody conditions (67 nmol/L) by flow cytometry in the NCI-H929 cell line. All data are represented as the mean ± SD. Avg DAR, average drug to antibody ratio; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; HIC, hydrophobic interaction chromatography; HMW, high molecular weight; LMW, low molecular weight; SEC, size exclusion chromatography; SPPC, hinge mutation from wild type CPPC amino acid hinge sequence.
Lungenkarzinome: Keine vermehrten ipsilateralen pleuralen Rezidive nach CT-Punktion
Authors: Wagner Manfred
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Histological confirmation of a lung tumor is the prerequisite for treatment planning. It has been suspected that CT-guided needle biopsy (CTGNB) exposes the patient to a higher risk of pleural recurrence. However, the distance between tumor and pleura has largely been neglected as a possible confounder when comparing CTGNB to bronchoscopy. Methods: All patients with lung cancer histologically confirmed by bronchoscopy or CTGNB between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled and studied. Patients’ medical histories, radiologic and pathologic findings and surgical records were reviewed. Pleural recurrence was diagnosed by pleural biopsy, fluid cytology, or by CT chest imaging showing progressive pleural nodules. Results: In this retrospective unicenter analysis, 844 patients underwent curative resection for early-stage lung cancer between 2010 and 2020. Median follow-up was 47.5 months (3–137). 27 patients (3.2%) with ipsilateral pleural recurrence (IPR) were identified. The distance of the tumor to the pleura was significantly smaller in patients who underwent CTGNB. A tendency of increased risk of IPR was observed in tumors located in the lower lobe (HR: 2.18 [±0.43], p = 0.068), but only microscopic pleural invasion was a significant independent predictive factor for increased risk of IPR (HR: 5.33 [± 0.51], p = 0.001) by multivariate cox analysis. Biopsy by CTGNB did not affect IPR (HR: 1.298 [± 0.39], p = 0.504).
Co-Creating the Experience of Consent for Newborn Genome Sequencing: The Generation Study
Authors: Leblond Mathilde , Galati Mirabai , Roberts Jonathan , Etheredge Harriet , Willacy Nancy , Özkurt Öznur , Pichini Amanda
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Generation Study (GS) aims to recruit 100,000 newborns in England to evaluate the utility and feasibility of using whole genome sequencing to screen for rare conditions that can be treated in early childhood; enable wider research to support further discovery in genomics and health; and explore the potential of storing an individual’s genome over their lifetime. The GS incorporates complexities of consent in newborn screening, genomic medicine, and healthcare research, and there is a gap in exploring how to implement existing recommendations. Participant involvement has been shown to improve the implementation of processes and materials in healthcare. This paper describes how the GS team leveraged this through Design Research (DR) methodologies to develop the GS consent experience. Methods: Over a 2-year period, 9 rounds of DR were undertaken with expectant and recent parents and a chosen partner (n = 105). Each round consisted of semi-structured interviews and a range of co-design and usability testing activities. Results: DR activities highlighted areas for consideration for consent materials and processes. We describe common barriers and enablers across three stages of consent: awareness, consideration, and making an informed decision. As well as ensuring participants fully understand pros and cons of taking part, materials should consider pre-existing assumptions or misconceptions which may discourage parents from learning about the GS. Conclusion: Involving parents in co-creation has broadened the perspective of what constitutes informed decision-making for newborn genome sequencing. Iterative rounds of research and design can provide tangible paths forward, supporting the successful implementation of informed decision-making.
Interpelações do vento. Reflexões guarani mbya sobre distanciamento e vulnerabilidade durante e além da pandemia
Authors: Macedo Valeria Mendonça , Huyer Bruno , Ortega Kuaray Poty Ariel , Prates Maria Paula
Published: October 2024

La vulnerabilidad de los vivos y el imperativo de componer con los demás se volvieron agudos en la pandemia, movilizando el distanciamiento y otras tecnologías relacionales. Compartiremos aprendizajes con interlocutores guaraní-mbya sobre estos temas que los han atravesado desde tiempos primordiales, pero que se intensificaron después de la colonización, culminando en adversidades políticas, sanitarias y ambientales durante la pandemia del Covid. El presente estudio es parte de una investigación colaborativa que involucra a investigadores indígenas y no indígenas, así como interlocutores de diferentes comunidades que compartieron reflexiones y experiencias sobre cómo ya quiénes provoca y convoca la pandemia.
Distinct Phenotypic Groups and Related Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kwak Soongu , Kim Jihoon , Park Chan‐Soon , Lee Hyun‐Jung , Park Jun‐Bean , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Kim Yong‐Jin , Kim Hyung‐Kwan , Lee Sang‐Chol
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying risks of clinical outcomes, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). We aimed to identify distinct phenotypes among patients with HCM in relation to SCD risk factors, interpret their clinical characteristics, and examine their outcomes.

Methods and Results

This retrospective study analyzed 1231 consecutive patients with HCM from 2 tertiary hospitals. We performed latent class analysis to categorize patients into phenotypic groups. Three distinct phenotypic groups were identified using latent class analysis. Group 1 (n=554) consisted of young patients with HCM with minimal SCD risk factors and favorable cardiac remodeling. Group 2 (n=114) comprised young patients with HCM and a high prevalence of SCD risk factors, whereas Group 3 (n=563) included older patients (median age, 68 years). Over a median 6.5‐year follow‐up, 34 SCD‐related events, 131 cardiovascular events, 133 all‐cause mortality events, and 70 noncardiovascular mortality events were observed. Group 2 exhibited the highest rate of SCD‐related events (5‐year SCD rate: Group 1 versus 2 versus 3: 0.8% versus 8.2% versus 4.0%, respectively,
P
<0.001), and cardiovascular events were more frequent in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. All‐cause and noncardiovascular mortality were the most frequent in Group 3. A simplified decision tree was developed for the straightforward assignment of phenotypic group membership, demonstrating fair concordance.

Conclusions

This study identified 3 distinct clinical phenotypes in patients with HCM, each associated with different SCD risks and outcomes. Data‐driven phenotyping of patients with HCM offers effective risk stratification and may optimize patient management.
External Validation and Comparison of Statistical and Machine Learning–Based Models in Predicting Outcomes Following Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Tay Joyce , Wu Cheng‐Yi , Wu Meng‐Che , Su Pei‐I , Fang Yao‐De , Huang Chun‐Yen , Cheng Ming‐Tai , Lu Tsung‐Chien , Tsai Chu‐Lin , Huang Chien‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Jone
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to validate and compare the performance of statistical (Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Shockable Rhythm–Witness–Age–pH) and machine learning–based (Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score) models in predicting the outcomes following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the models' performance.

Methods and Results

This retrospective analysis included adult patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated at 3 academic hospitals between 2015 and 2023. The primary outcome was neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. Patients were divided into pre‐ (2015–2019) and post‐2020 (2020–2023) subgroups to examine the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcome prediction. The models' performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared by the DeLong test. The analysis included 2161 patients, 1241 (57.4%) of whom were resuscitated after 2020. The cohort had a median age of 69.2 years, and 1399 patients (64.7%) were men. Overall, 69 patients (3.2%) had neurologically intact survival. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting neurological outcomes were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.87) for the Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation score, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.81–0.84) for the Shockable Rhythm–Witness–Age–pH score, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.78–0.81) for the Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation score, and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77–0.81) for the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score model. The Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation score significantly outperformed both the Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation score (
P
<0.001) and the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score model (
P
=0.007). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant difference in predictive performance for patients resuscitated before versus after 2020.

Conclusions

In this external validation, both statistical and machine learning–based models demonstrated excellent and fair performance, respectively, in predicting neurological outcomes despite different model architectures. The predictive performance of all evaluated clinical scoring systems was not significantly influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
On Recombination
Authors: Bull Larry
Published: October 2024

The predominant explanations for including chromosomal recombination during meiosis are that it serves as a mechanism for repair or as a mechanism for increased adaptability. However, neither gives a clear immediate selective advantage to the reproducing organism itself. This letter revisits the idea that sex emerged and is maintained because it enables a simple form of fitness landscape smoothing to explain why recombination evolved. Although recombination was originally included in the idea, as with the other explanations, no immediate benefit was identified. That a benefit exists if the dividing cell(s) form a simple colony of the resulting haploids for some time after reproduction is explored here and shown to further increase the benefits of the landscape smoothing process.
How Bilingual Experience Shapes Accents in German-Italian Primary School Children
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Canzi Massimiliano , Ferin Maria , Geiss Miriam , Reiber Marie , Speck Paulina
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the accents of German-Italian school children (6–10 years old) in their two languages. We ask whether accents in the bilingual children’s two languages are related and how foreign accentedness is associated with proficiency in other areas of language (speech rate, vocabulary size) and extralinguistic factors (formal and informal exposure and AoO in the majority language). Data from 87 early bilingual German-Italian children is judged by adult raters in Italy and Germany. Bilinguals are perceived as being more accented than monolinguals, mostly in Italian, the HL of the bilingual children. Moreover, children with a more monolingual-like accent in Italian tend to sound foreign in German, and vice versa, but some children have no perceivable accent in any language. Accentedness is especially affected by amount of language use, which underlines the importance of exposure to the minority language at this age, regardless of the setting, formal or informal.
Acts 8.9–25 and Witchcraft Manipulations in Nigerian Christianity
Authors: Ukeachusim Chidinma Precious
Published: October 2024

In Nigeria, witchcraft is operated under the banner of indigenous religions, Islam, and Christianity. It is a biblical theological concern for witchcraft to be practiced under the banner of Christianity. This article aims to exegetically explore, interpret, and apply the context of Acts 8.9–25 to the syncretic practices of some acclaimed plenipotentiaries of God, and some lay Christians in Nigeria who synchronize their Christian faith with witchery as Simon attempted to do in the first century era. Redaction-critical method is used to unveil the theological motif and implications of the manipulative practices of Simon as a superficial follower of Jesus in Acts 8.9–25, and the subtle ways witchcraft manipulation are being blended with Christianity in Nigeria. This study argues that Christians identifying with witchery is a rebellious sin that requires them to repent or perish as Peter instructed Simon.
The Armenian Collection Tōnapatchaṛ
Authors: Ohanjanyan Anna , Harutyunyan Garnik , Beyleryan Hovhannes
Published: October 2024

The Tōnapatchaṛ (Տօնապատճառ, literally “the causes of feast days,” or “commentaries on feast days”) is a collection that has no equivalent in other ecclesiastical traditions. It survived in many copies that might be grouped into the Kamrjadzor and the Haghpat school recension branches. The Tōnapatchaṛ has long been considered a mere commentary on the Lectionary of the Armenian Church – an exegetical work for didactic purposes only. By indexing the historical development of these recensions and their enrichment between the seventh and fourteenth centuries, the present article argues that despite its exegetical character, the Tōnapatchaṛ served polemical purposes, focusing on the calendar differences between the non-Chalcedonian Armenian and Chalcedonian Byzantine Churches. The article further discusses the intensification of the polemical function of the Haghpat school recensions in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries due to the unity attempts between the Byzantine and Armenian Churches initiated by the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180) and the Armenian Catholicos Nersēs Shnorhali (the Gracious, 1166–1173), which generated theological debates concerning the Dominical feasts and their exact days of celebration.
Indo-Muslim Interactions in the Mojaddedi Tradition: Observations on ʿAndalib’s Nāla-ye ʿAndalib
Authors: Khodamoradi† Soraya
Published: October 2024

Sufism in South Asia has enjoyed a rich heritage of interactions with Indian cultures, religions, and learned traditions. Sufis have continuously exchanged ideas and practices with adherents of Indian religions, as well as reactionary trends opposing such discourse. The reformist Sufi Mojaddediyya (“Renewal”) movement, founded by Ahmad Serhendi (1564–1624), with its call for a return to a pure Islam, is a remarkable example of such anti-hybridization dynamics. “Pure” refers, among other meanings, to a kind of Islam that is stripped of religious innovation (bedʿa), including non-Muslim traditions, beliefs, and social and moral norms adopted by Muslims. By means of textual and intertextual analysis, this article tries to shed light on the position of the Mojaddedi “pure Mohammadi way (tariqa Mohammadiyya khālesa)” towards Indo-Persian and Indo-Muslim interactions. For this purpose, we shall examine closely the Nāla-ye ʿAndalib (The Nightingale’s Lament), the Persian masterpiece by the founder of this path, Mohammad Nāser ʿAndalib (1693/4–1759).
Replacement of fish meal with defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in diet of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): growth, flesh quality and transcriptome
Authors: Zheng J.Y. , Gan Z.R. , Huang T.Y. , Xiao Y. , Xu W.Y. , Li X.Q. , Leng X.J.
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the impacts of replacing fish meal (FM) with defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) on the growth performance, flesh quality and transcriptome of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In a diet containing 560 g/kg FM, BSF was used to replace 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of dietary FM (BSF0, BSF20, BSF40, BSF60, BSF80 and BSF100). Thus, six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared, and then fed to juvenile Pacific white shrimp (1.70 ± 0.10 g) for 60 days. In growth performance, the BSF20 group showed the similar FCR and WGR to the control group (), and the other four BSF groups presented significantly lower WGR and higher FCR than the BSF0 group (). The flesh chewiness and the contents of crude lipid, collagen and total amino acid in flesh were significantly decreased (), and flesh cooking loss, thawing loss was significantly increased when the replaced FM was ≥40% (). When the replaced FM reached 60%, the flesh hardness, heat-insoluble collagen content, shear force, body surface redness and the ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids were significantly lower (), while n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and total free amino acid content in flesh were significantly higher than those of the BSF0 group (). Hepopancreatic samples were used for transcriptomic analysis, and a total of 1,456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the BSF groups and BSF0 group, which were mainly involved in growth-promoting, energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity key pathways and genes, including the cathepsin L, folate synthesis pathway, redox-related genes and glutathione metabolism pathway. In conclusion, in a diet containing 560 g/kg FM, BSF could successfully replace 20% of dietary FM, and higher FM replacement (≥40%) decreased the growth performance and flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp.
Vertical Integration versus Open Innovation? From Winner Takes it All to Winners Make it All
Authors: Harryson Sigvald , Lorange Peter
Published: October 2024

This study explores the dynamics between the extremes of open innovation (OI)—from inclusive co-creation to exclusive vertical integration (VI). This analysis addresses the management issues of how Tesla and Porsche manage value capture and value distribution in the e-mobility industry through their contrasting approaches and strategic shifts between OI and VI. It develops a novel theoretical model juxtaposing the OI mode from open to closed with the value chain position from horizontal to vertical. Analyzing Tesla and Porsche’s strategic moves offers a paradigm shift for OI practitioners. Our model can enable enhanced value capture through greater openness and more inclusive value distribution through proactive inside-out strategies in core technology areas. Instead of positioning VI and OI as static polar extremes, a novel combination of VI and OI can realize untapped potential.
Comparison of inferior vena cava puncture under continuous cardiac perfusion with cardiac puncture in blood acquisition of the laboratory mouse
Authors: Hu Wengang , Sheng Hao , Yang JiaCai , Chen Cheng , Shang Ruoyu , Liu Zhihui , Hu Xiaohong , Zhang Xiaorong , He Weifeng , Huang Chibing , Luo Gaoxing
Published: October 2024

Obtaining sufficient blood volume from mice significantly facilitates experimental research. This study explored the inferior vena cava puncture under continuous cardiac perfusion (IVCP-UCCP) technique and evaluated its efficiency in comparison with conventional cardiac puncture (CP). In an initial dose-finding study, 50 mice were randomly assigned to one of 10 groups with escalating perfusion volume from 0.5 to 4.5 ml in 0.5-ml increments. The minimum perfusion volume was determined to be 2 ml in collecting whole circulating blood. In the next comparison using the conventional method, 40 mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups denoting different blood collection methods: Group 1: CP, Group 2: IVCP-UCCP. The results showed 1) that the cells and undiluted blood volume collected via IVCP-UCCP was over twofold higher than that by CP ( p < 0.001), confirmed by the cell counts and hematoxylin-eosin staining of different tissues slides ( p < 0.001); 2) the new technique did not alter the cellular composition or viability, which was verified by routine blood tests and flow cytometry ( p > 0.05); 3) the blood collected via the novel technique was diluted 2.1 times: the hemato-biochemical indicator results multiplied by 2.1 were identical with the test results of blood from CP ( p > 0.05). Together, the refined blood collection method of IVCP-UCCP completely extracted the limited blood resources in mice, significantly enhanced the utilization of each mouse, and thus offered scientific and ethical benefits. This technique may be also applicable for other small animal models.
Anointings with Oil and Handlayings in the Early Eastern Church: Further Evidence for These Gestures as Early Ritual Cognates
Authors: Chase Nathan P.
Published: October 2024

Anointings and handlayings were used across the Christian liturgical tradition in the patristic period and often in a number of similar ways. While distinct ritual gestures, their similar use, particularly in the rites of Christian initiation, suggests they were often interchangeable and, thus, functioned as ritual cognates. This article defines what a ritual cognate is within a ritual system. It then looks at the way these gestures were used in the Eastern liturgical sources from the third to sixth centuries in order to support the argument that these gestures should be viewed as ritual cognates. Uncovering their function as ritual cognates helps explain these gestures as well as how ritual systems are constructed.
Youth-led Mental Health Promotion in South Africa
Authors: Vostanis Panos , Haffejee Sadiyya , Mwanda Anita , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: October 2024

Globally, youth have high rates of unmet mental health needs, especially in Majority World contexts. Youth themselves are well positioned to engage their peer group in mental health provision. The aim of this study was to explore how peer educators could co-produce and deliver mental health promotion in resource-constrained South Africa communities. Six peer educators aged 18 to 24 initially co-facilitated consultation with 209 youth, before designing and delivering three mental health promotion workshops to 179 youth. Peer educators and 21 workshop beneficiaries participated in focus groups on their experiences. Key findings related to involving youth by integrating mental health to community activities, using participatory approaches, applying and transferring knowledge, signposting for further help, and putting support mechanisms in place. In conclusion, youth hold unique expertise in mobilizing their peer group and promoting mental health. Peer educators should be incorporated in service systems, with allocated budgets, training, supervision.
The Privilege of Territory: Christian Wolff at the Origins of Statist International Thought
Authors: Mueser Benjamin
Published: October 2024

The modern state is often taken as the only legitimate claimant to the division of the globe. Political theorists offer many theories of territorial rights but tend to agree that the state remains the proper institutional bearer of such rights. This article examines how states became the exclusive bearers of territorial rights by returning to the international theory of the eighteenth-century Prussian jurist Christian Wolff (1679–1754), who wrote in a moment when sovereign states were not the heirs apparent to the globe but competed with other claimants to territorial rights. Despite proposing a radically pluralistic and anti-imperial account of land ownership, Wolff nonetheless paved the way for the state to become the sole bearer of territorial rights. Wolff’s international thought is an illustration of how building a state-centric international order was a double-edged sword: it criticized imperial overreach while also closing the international arena to nonstate forms of collective life. In this process, he offered two distinct ideas of political space: the territorial space of states, and the land ownership tracts of nonstate peoples, including pastoralists and nomads. To Wolff, only states were entitled to full and permanent territorial rights, while nonstate peoples were shut out of the international system, made both de facto and de jure stateless.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Polydioxanone Plate and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Aydin Ahmet Halit , Kaya Ercan , Arik Deniz , Canaz Funda , Pinarbasli Mehmet Ozgur , Gurbuz Melek Kezban , Cakli Hamdi , Cingi Cemal
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of polydioxanone (PDS) plate and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the regeneration of cartilage grafts, which are frequently used in nasal and septal surgery. Methods: Fifteen white New Zealand Albino-type female rabbits were used in the study. Our study was carried out on 4 different applications on each animal: cartilage only, cartilage+PRP, cartilage+PDS plate, and cartilage+PRP+PDS plate, and in 3 different periods: the first month, the second month, and the third month. Results: A significant difference was obtained between the groups using cartilage+PRP and cartilage+PRP+PDS only in the first month. When both application types were compared, a statistically significant decrease was found in the histopathological cartilage viability score after PDS use. In examining peripheral chondrocyte proliferation, a statistically significant difference was found only in the third-month comparison. When the group using only cartilage was compared with the group using cartilage+PDS, it was determined that peripheral chondrocyte proliferation was significantly reduced at the end of the third month with PDS. In evaluating fibrosis and foreign body reaction, a statistically significant increase was detected using a PDS plate. In histopathological cartilage viability score statistical analysis, a significant difference was obtained between the groups using cartilage+PRP and cartilage+PRP+PDS only in the first month. Degeneration in the cartilage structure was observed macroscopically in the specimens where the PDS plate was used. Shape change and cartilage deformation were observed in the PDS plate specimens. Conclusions: When the results were examined, this observation coincided with the statistically significant increase in foreign body reaction and fibrosis in the PDS plate groups. However, these results contradicted our hypothesis before the study and the information in the literature. Our results will help provide preliminary information and guidance for future studies and offer a different perspective.
Essentializing Happiness Mitigates the Changes in Subjective Well-Being Following Negative Life Events
Authors: Ku Xyle , Cha Seung Eun , Kim Youngju , Jun Young Joo , Choi Incheol
Published: October 2024

People hold different beliefs about the changeability of happiness. Some believe that happiness is biologically predetermined and thus unchangeable (essentialist beliefs), while others believe that it is malleable and can be changed (non-essentialist beliefs). Do these beliefs have a tangible impact on how individuals actually experience well-being? Here, we predict and empirically demonstrate that endorsing essentialist beliefs about happiness (EBH) can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy that buffers the changes in subjective well-being (SWB) following life events. Through a series of four studies utilizing diverse methodologies (total N = 7,364), we provide converging evidence that happiness essentialists, compared to non-essentialists, experience relatively stable levels of SWB following life events, particularly negative ones. We find that this pattern also emerges when people recall past events or anticipate hypothetical or impending future events. Together, happiness essentialism extends beyond mere belief and has real-world implications for how individuals experience fluctuations in SWB.
Polish Conductresses and the Insecurities of Female Labour Migration to France, 1925–1929
Authors: Nithammer Jasmin , Richter Klaus
Published: October 2024

In this article we argue that the reports of conductresses accompanying female migrants shed new light on the nature of interwar labour migration. As they mitigated the anxiety and insecurity that women faced during the process of migration, they fulfilled a crucial role in the highly restrictive post-1918 international migration regime. The Polish government introduced conductresses in 1925 to respond to news of the mistreatment and sexual exploitation of Polish women working in France. Developed in close collaboration with international organizations and the League of Nations, the work of these conductresses on land and sea routes was framed as those of ‘moral guardians’ protecting female migrants from the dangers of sex trafficking. However, we argue that their main function was to mitigate the uncertainties of the post-war international order, as traditional routes of migration were ruptured and both dispatching and receiving countries attempted to control and restrict migration. Female migrants had no networks with existing diasporas, were often illiterate, and mistrusted both Polish and French institutions. By addressing these challenges, the conductresses took on roles far beyond their function as moral authority: they acted as translators, knowledge imparters, mediators, and network forgers. Both in Poland and at the international level, the Polish conductress scheme was regarded a success, as they managed to provide a relatively ‘secure’ migration experience within a migration regime designed to walk a fine line between demands for foreign labour on the one hand and the rising ideal of economic protectionism on the other.
Health data science course for clinicians: Time to bridge the skills gap?
Authors: Naderi Hafiz , Yang Yu-Hsuen , Munroe Patricia B , Petersen Steffen E , Westwood Mark , Aung Nay
Published: October 2024

Background

Data science skills are highly relevant for clinicians working in an era of big data in healthcare. However, these skills are not routinely taught, representing a growing unmet educational need. This education report presents a structured short course that was run to teach clinicians data science and the lessons learnt.

Methods

A 1-day introductory course was conducted within a tertiary hospital in London. It consisted of lectures followed by facilitated pair programming exercises in R, an object-oriented programming language. Feedback was collated and participant responses were graded using a Likert scale.

Results

The course was attended by 20 participants. The majority of participants (69%) were in higher speciality cardiology training. While more than half of the participants (56%) received prior training in statistics either through formal taught programmes (e.g., a Master’s degree) or online courses, the participants reported several barriers to expanding their skills in data science due to limited programming skills, lack of dedicated time, training opportunities and awareness. After the short course, there was a significant increase in participants’ self-rated confidence in using R for data analysis (mean response; before the course: 1.69 ± 1.0, after the course: 3.2 ± 0.9, p = .0005) and awareness of the capabilities of R (mean response; before the course: 2.1 ± 0.9, after the course: 3.6 ± 0.7, p = .0001, on a 5-point Likert scale).

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a structured short course can effectively introduce data science skills to clinicians and supports future educational initiatives to integrate data science teaching into medical education.
Caribbean timber supply for the Spanish Navy: Shipbuilding and maintenance of war vessels in the Maritime Department of Cadiz (1729–1759)
Authors: Trindade Ana Rita
Published: October 2024

This article constitutes an introduction to the Caribbean timber supply for the service of the Spanish state shipbuilding industry in the context of the reforms of the naval sector promoted by the early Bourbon administration. The selected case study focuses on the hardwoods from Cuba (as well as Mexico, Puerto Rico and Santo Domingo) shipped to Cadiz during the reigns of Philip V and Ferdinand VI, between the late 1720s and 1750s. This supply was facilitated by the naval infrastructures established in Havana and Veracruz, as well as the trade networks of the Carrera de Indias and naval squadrons that took charge of its transport. From the state shipbuilding programmes to the repair and maintenance activities motivated by the participation of vessels in the warfare dynamics of the post-Utrecht and Aix-la-Chapelle geopolitical orders, the rhythm of this transatlantic timber supply was the result of multiple factors that had a direct influence on the metropolitan demand for timber.
Perspective
Authors: Stieber Chelsea
Published: October 2024

Jean Casimir’s The Haitians is a decolonial history of the Haitian people (“une lecture décoloniale” in French) that challenges dominant narratives about the Haitian Revolution and Haitian history in the North Atlantic academy. This essay explores Casimir’s efforts to recenter the Haitian people—their self-determination and their perspective—in the radical anticolonial, antislavery project that is Haiti. Rather than placing Casimir in relation to the major thinkers in decolonial thought, however, it situates his work in relation to the Haitian literary and political movement known as spiralism.
Plot and counter-plantation: Jean Casimir and captive modernity
Authors: Jenson Deborah
Published: October 2024

The Jamaican philosopher Sylvia Wynter’s 1971 essay “Novel and History, Plot and Plantation” presented a synthesis of the Caribbean at large as “the classic plantation area” because it was “’planted’ with people”, who would themselves exist as “adjunct” to the single crop commodity they produced within the market system. This meta-system of the plantation, in which humans were planted to plant plants, for which role they had been purchased as products like the plants they produced for the market, served, in Eric William’s terms, as “’both cause and effect of the emergence of the market economy.’” The Haitian sociologist Jean Casimir, in the 2020 book The Haitians: A Decolonial History, presents a divergent, yet dialogic, account of Caribbean modernity, in which “The Haitian peasantry—and those of the entire Caribbean—constituted themselves in opposition to the processes of integration and assimilation to the commodity-producing plantation.” Although it may be, in Mark Fisher’s terms, “easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism,” Casimir schools the reader to imagine what has been called the “plantationocene” era through an ethos of the reproduction of counter-plantation institutions rather than labor.
Automated spin recovery under aerodynamic and load factor constraints
Authors: Salahudden Salahudden
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the problem of aircraft spin recovery with aerodynamic and load factor constraints. The spin recovery problem is divided into two phases. The first phase of the spin recovery problem is to stop the rotation and break the stall, and the second phase is to pull up to recover from the dive. For both the phases, the control law is designed using a sliding-mode and demonstrated on a F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle simulation model. Robustness is tested using Monte Carlo simulation by varying the mass properties of aircraft and the aerodynamic model. Furthermore, the simulations summary show that the proposed control scheme achieved spin recovery in both the considered cases while satisfying the aerodynamic and load factor constraints. The effectiveness of the closed-loop spin recovery in minimizing altitude lost during recovery is evaluated by comparing it with the typical manual recovery outlined in the Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) flight manual. Finally, previous spin recovery research serves as validation for the current study.
Teasing via the [lo, ki ‘no, because’ + ironic utterance] structure in Hebrew talk-in-interaction
Authors: Inbar Anna , Maschler Yael
Published: October 2024

The current study elaborates on one mechanism through which teasing is accomplished in Hebrew interaction. Investigating naturally occurring casual conversation from the Haifa Multimodal Corpus of Spoken Hebrew, and employing the methodologies of Interactional Linguistics and Multimodal Interaction Analysis, we explore a recurrent and recognizable practice used by Hebrew speakers – the deployment of lo ‘no’ followed by a ki ‘because’-prefaced ironic utterance. We suggest that the [ lo, ki + ironic utterance] structure is a fixed format that encapsulates a practice of providing a teasing comment as a responsive action. We propose that via the use of this structure, speakers convey a negative stance of inappropriacy toward the previous action by appealing to knowledge that the recipient is obliged to know, while simultaneously mocking the recipient responsible for the inappropriacy and indirectly reproaching them for disregarding this knowledge, whether by failing to take it into account, or by a deliberate choice to ignore it.
The Relation Between War, Starvation, and Fertility Ideals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Life History Perspective
Authors: Borgstede Matthias , Scheunpflug Annette
Published: October 2024

In this article, we examine the relations between extreme environmental harshness during childhood and personal fertility ideals in African students. The study is informed by biological models of predictive adaptive responses (PAR) for individual reproductive schedules in the context of life history theory (LHT). Following theoretical models of external and internal environmental cues, we tested whether war and starvation during childhood differentially predict African students’ personal fertility ideals in terms of their desired number of children and their desired age of first parenthood. The data were collected in eight different countries from sub-Saharan Africa with an overall sample size of N = 392. Standardized effect estimates were obtained using a Bayesian approach. The results suggest that war and starvation are predictive of the desired number of children, but not of the desired age of first parenthood. Moreover, the effect estimates varied considerably between females and males, indicating possible interactions between the two independent variables depending on the students’ sex. Furthermore, we found a small negative correlation between the desired number of children and the desired age of first parenthood, providing only weak support for a clustering of the two variables on a slow–fast continuum. The results are discussed in light of current models of individual life histories in humans.
A Systematic Review of Interventions That Aim to Reduce Implicit and Explicit Weight Biases among Fitness Professionals
Authors: Schneider Jekaterina , Tinoco Aline , Scott Becky , Witcomb Gemma L , Matheson Emily L , Diedrichs Phillippa C
Published: October 2024

Despite the high prevalence of weight bias among fitness professionals, few resources are currently available to educate fitness professionals about weight bias and no systematic review of weight bias interventions has been conducted among this population. This paper therefore reviewed extant weight bias interventions for fitness professionals to inform future weight bias-reduction initiatives. Seven reports comprising six studies were identified from inception until April 2024. Findings showed small to large improvements in explicit weight bias, particularly on the weight control/blame component. No improvements were observed in implicit weight bias. The results show an urgent need to bridge the gap between the resources currently available in the fitness industry and those developed by the scientific community and to develop novel multifaceted interventions that draw from multiple theories of attitude and behavior change to effectively tackle weight bias among fitness professionals.
Composite endpoints in COVID-19 randomized controlled trials: a systematic review
Authors: Martins Pedro Nascimento , Lourenço Mateus Henrique Toledo , Mota Gabriel Paz Souza , Cavalcanti Alexandre Biasi , Peçanha Antonio Ana Carolina , Diaz-Quijano Fredi Alexander
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ordinal, binary, and numerical composite endpoints among coronavirus disease 2019 trials and the potential bias attributable to their use.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and bias associated with using composite endpoints in coronavirus disease 2019 randomized clinical trials. We compared the effect measure (relative risk) of composite outcomes and that of its most critical component (i.e. death) by estimating the Bias Attributable to Composite Outcomes index [ln(relative risk for the composite outcome)/ln(relative risk for death)].

Results

Composite endpoints accounted for 152 out of 417 primary endpoints in coronavirus disease 2019 randomized trials, being more frequent among studies published in high-impact journals. Ordinal endpoints were the most common (54% of all composites), followed by binary or time-to-event (34%), numerical (11%), and hierarchical (1%). Composites predominated among trials enrolling patients with severe disease when compared to trials with a mild or moderate case mix (odds ratio = 1.72). Adaptations of the seven-point World Health Organization scale occurred in 40% of the ordinal primary endpoints, which frequently underwent dichotomization for the statistical analyses. Mortality accounted for a median of 24% (interquartile range: 6%–48%) of all events when included in the composite. The median point estimate of the Bias Attributable to Composite Outcomes index was 0.3 (interquartile range: −0.1 to 0.7), being significantly lower than 1 in 5 of 24 comparisons.

Discussion

Composite endpoints were used in a significant proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 trials, especially those involving severely ill patients. This is likely due to the higher anticipated rates of competing events, such as death, in such studies. Ordinal composites were common but often not fully appreciated, reducing the potential gains in information and statistical efficiency. For studies with binary composites, death was the most frequent component, and, unexpectedly, composite outcome estimates were often closer to the null when compared to those for mortality death. Numerical composites were less common, and only two trials used hierarchical endpoints. These newer approaches may offer advantages over traditional binary and ordinal composites; however, their potential benefits warrant further scrutiny.

Conclusion

Composite endpoints accounted for more than a third of coronavirus disease 2019 trials’ primary endpoints; their use was more common among studies that included patients with severe disease and their point effect estimates tended to underestimate those for mortality.
Effects of self-management education integrated nursing on cancer patients with PICC placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Wenmiao , Hu Guiju , Zou Tao , Wu Qiuling , Liu Fang , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2024

Background:

Chemotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is an important vascular access device used in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Objective:

This review entailed an evaluation of the effects of self-management education on the occurrence of complications in patients with PICC placement.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP database and Chinese Biomedical Literature database were searched for randomised controlled trials on the effects of self-management education on patients with PICC placement. Meta-analysis was performed on the studies meeting the inclusion criteria using RevMan5.4 software.

Results:

A total of 12 quantitative studies were included in the meta-analysis and the results showed that self-management education reduced the incidence of total catheter-related complications (95% CI (0.17, 0.32), p < 0.00001); catheter dislodgement (95% CI (0.07, 0.40), p < 0.0001); catheter-associated infections (95% CI (0.11,0.41), p < 0.00001); catheter obstruction (95% CI (0.14,0.53), p = 0.0002); phlebitis (95% CI (0.11,0.47), p < 0.0001) and thrombosis (95% CI (0.07,0.57), p < 0.0001) in patients with PICC placement.

Conclusion:

Available research evidence suggests that self-management education is effective in reducing PICC catheter-related complications in patients with PICC placement. However, more high-quality studies need to be included for analysis.
How Creativity Influenced by the Network Efficiency of a Student’s Ego Network Affect Academic Performance Through Academic Coping Strategies?
Authors: Lim Myungsuh
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dual mediation role of creativity and academic coping in network efficiency and academic performance, using Folkman and Lazarus’s transactional model of stress. Data were obtained from 39 students taking business administration at a Korean university. Social network analysis was performed to check the ego network of students. The double mediation model was applied to analyze the path from network efficiency to academic performance. The results showed that network efficiency, in relation to the structural hole in social network parameters, was double mediated by creativity and academic coping, which had a positive effect on academic performance. However, the effect of double mediation through avoidance was insignificant. Based on the research results, the theoretical and practical implications for the dual mediation effect of creativity and academic coping were presented.
Empirical Research on Student Satisfaction with Career Services in Public Universities
Authors: Zilai Chen
Published: October 2024

Providing long-term career guidance is an increasingly important role of public universities. Career services have become one of the most important evaluation factors for universities. This study used a mixed-methods approach to track and measure students satisfaction with career services in a public university in China. We designed and validated a questionnaire, then distributed it to university students. The questionnaire explored factors comprising the perceived quality of career services, with 20 quality indicators (e.g., employment skills training). According to the results, the perceived usefulness of career services was statistically significantly correlated with student satisfaction. The factors affecting student satisfaction varied with students’ grades. All 20 indicators had an impact on student satisfaction. The top three indicators contributing to higher satisfaction levels were the teacher’s teaching capacity, teacher’s knowledge, and guidance on career planning. The results led us to suggest that public universities can strengthen career services by enlisting the participation of all teachers, developing student-centered programs, and offering a wide variety of enrichment activities to improve the employability of graduates.