bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Topological Features of Metabolic Networks for the Classification of Cancer Samples
Authors: Machicao Jeaneth , Craighero Francesco , Maspero Davide , Angaroni Fabrizio , Damiani Chiara , Graudenzi Alex , Antoniotti Marco , Bruno Odemir M.
Published: March 2021

Background:

The increasing availability of omics data collected from patients affected by
severe pathologies, such as cancer, is fostering the development of data science methods for their
analysis.

Introduction:

The combination of data integration and machine learning approaches can provide
new powerful instruments to tackle the complexity of cancer development and deliver effective diagnostic
and prognostic strategies.

Methods:

We explore the possibility of exploiting the topological properties of sample-specific metabolic
networks as features in a supervised classification task. Such networks are obtained by projecting
transcriptomic data from RNA-seq experiments on genome-wide metabolic models to define
weighted networks modeling the overall metabolic activity of a given sample.

Results:

We show the classification results on a labeled breast cancer dataset from the TCGA database,
including 210 samples (cancer vs. normal). In particular, we investigate how the performance
is affected by a threshold-based pruning of the networks by comparing Artificial Neural Networks,
Support Vector Machines and Random Forests. Interestingly, the best classification performance is
achieved within a small threshold range for all methods, suggesting that it might represent an effective
choice to recover useful information while filtering out noise from data. Overall, the best accuracy
is achieved with SVMs, which exhibit performances similar to those obtained when gene expression
profiles are used as features.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate that the topological properties of sample-specific metabolic
networks are effective in classifying cancer and normal samples, suggesting that useful information
can be extracted from a relatively limited number of features.
Design of Experiment Approach to Assess the Effect of Formulation Variables on Extrusion and Spheronization of Telmisartan and Cilostazol Loaded Pellets and its Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Patel Kalpana , Godhani Prutha , Patel Hemangini , Thakkar Vaishali , Gandhi Tejal , Gohel Shri Mukesh C.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Solubility is an important parameter that affects the availability of drug in
systemic circulation. Drugs having poor solubility belonging to BCS class II eventually result in
lower dissolution and bioavailability. Hence, improvement of solubility is a challenging task.
Hence the present work focuses on using solid dispersion and inclusion complex approach for both
telmisartan and cilostazol belonging to BCS Class II drugs.

Objective:

The present study was carried out to improve apparent solubility of telmisartan and cilostazol
(BCS-Class II drugs) and optimization as pellets along with its pharmacokinetic study.

Methods:

Phase solubility study was carried out to screen the excipients such as, PVPK30, PVA,
HPMC E5 and β-CD. Solvent evaporation method was adopted to prepare the solid dispersions and
inclusion complex of both drugs. Pellets were optimized by extrusion spheronization method using
32 factorial design and characterized by morphology, drug content, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, in-
-vitro studies and drug content study.

Results:

Phase solubility study showed improved apparent solubility of telmisartan with HPMC E5
(1:3) by solid dispersion and cilostazol with β-CD (1:3) using inclusion complexation method.
Drug characterization did not reveal any incompatibility. Formulation was optimized on the basis
of acceptable pellet properties, including acceptable spherical shape and micromeritics properties.
The percent friability of all batches was found to be less than 1%. The optimized pellets of both
drugs prepared with micro crystalline cellulose provided desirable maximum release with acceptable
release profile.

Conclusion:

The formulated pellets when studied in vivo showed superior pharmacokinetic profile.
The drawback associated with apparent solubility and bioavailability of both drugs can thus be alleviated
by use of novel pellet formulation.
Liquid Filled Hard Shell Capsules: Current Drug Delivery Influencing Pharmaceutical Technology
Authors: Yadav Khushwant S. , Nirale Prabhuti , Arora Shivani , Solanki Anita , Bhat Jnanadeva , Singh Rishi Kumar
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Gastric absorption is an upfront route for drug delivery as it is convenient, economical and most suitable for getting the desired systemic effects. Unfortunately, many traditional and newer generation drugs suffer from poor solubility and have lower bioavailability. With a perspective of bringing a novel delivery system in such a condition for old/existing/new drugs, liquidfilled hard capsules hold promise as the delivery system.

Methods:

Anorganizedstate of the art literature review including patents was conducted to accommodate information on the innovations in technology, processes, and applications in the field of liquid filling in hard-shell capsules.

Results:

The review findings revealed the importance of understanding the impact of liquid filled hard shell capsules would have in use of complex drug molecules, especially the ones sensitive to light and moisture. This technology can have diverse functions to be used for both immediate and delayed drug release. According to the technology point of view, the band sealing in such hardshell capsules helps in protecting against the tampering of capsule fill.

Conclusion:

The review provides an insight into the progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
The Continuous Surveillance of InSTI Resistance Could be an Important Public Health Tool in the Fight Against HIV Infection
Authors: Visalli Giuseppa , Facciolà Alessio , Costanzo Maria Giovanna , Di Pietro Angela
Published: March 2021

Aims:

To evaluate the frequency of the InSTIs mutations in a large cohort of HIV-infected people.

Background:

The Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) allow turning HIV infection from a fatal disease to a chronic infection and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTIs) represent the cornerstone of this treatment. However, the spread of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations represents an emerging threat to the long-term success of HIV treatment programs.

Objectives:

To evaluate the trend of the HIV drug resistance to InSTIs in a large cohort of HIV-positive people in order to assess the risk represented by these subjects in the spread of the HIV infection to the community.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted analysing all the InSTIs resistance tests performed
in HIV positive subjects during 2017-2019 by the HIV Laboratory of the University Hospital
“Gaetano Martino” of Messina, Italy.

Results:

In 2017-2019, 252 InSTIs resistance tests were performed, with 59 (23.4%), 88 (34.9%),
and 105 (41.7%) tests respectively in the three considered years. Overall, 28 (11.1%) samples
showed resistance to at least one of the four InSTIs. We observed a significant percentage increase
of 95% in the resistance to all four drugs.

Conclusion:

: InSTI resistance is not rare. Therefore, continuous surveillance along with incessant
health education and a wide offer of the HIV test, can be the most important tools in the fight
against HIV infection.
Medication Adherence of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Considering the Psychosocial Factors, Health Literacy and Current Life Concerns of Patients
Authors: Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Mani Arash , Eazadnegahdar Mehdi , Nekooeian Ali
Published: March 2021

Background:

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), due to their long term, multi-drug exposure and their side effects, non-adherence to therapy is common and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare medication adherence in patients with SLE and RA considering their psychosocial factors, health literacy, and current life concerns.

Methods:

88 patients fulfilled the criteria of RA(N:46) and SLE(N:42);using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or immunosuppressive, we evaluated, their demographic data, co-morbid diseases, the number of medications, estimated income, having health insurance, family size and disease poor prognostic factors. The 8-item Morisky’s Medication Adherence, Depression by Beck depression inventory (21 Q), and drug literacy level were used.

Results:

Medication non-adherence was seen in 91.3% of the RA group and 90.4% of the SLE group. Moderate to very severe depression was seen in [21 (45.7%)] and [12 (25.9%)] of the RA and SLE patients, respectively. In the SLE group, depression and having poor prognostic factors, and in the RA group, depression, having co-morbid diseases and higher pill numbershad a significant effect on medication adherence.

Conclusion:

There was a high prevalence of drug non-adherence in our RA and SLE patients. The most prevalent factor in non-adherence in both groups was depression. After that, in RA patients the presence of co-morbid disease and in SLE patients the presence of poor prognostic factors were related to non-adherence. Factors like income, health insurance, disease duration, and health literacy had no significant effect on medication adherence.
Sensitization to Inhaled Allergens in Atopic Children in Jordan Capital, Amman: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: AL-Iede Montaha , Al-Ani Abdallah , Mafrachi Baraa , Alkhulaifat Dana , Hassan Kamal , Elhussieni Mira , Salah Neveen , Al-Somadi Hussien , Ali Elnagi , Al-Zayadneh Enas , Khreesha Lubna
Published: March 2021

Background:

As the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing all over the world, it is
vital to identify the specific allergens, which contribute to the development and persistence of such
conditions.

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization and, to evaluate
the profile of skin prick test among atopic Jordanian children who are visiting Jordan University
Hospital (JUH).

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all Skin Prick Test (SPT) and results of atopic children and
adolescents aged (1.5-18 years) who visited the pediatrics clinics at JUH from January 2018 until
December 2019.

Results:

Over two years, a total of 171 children (male: female ratio of 1.9) with a median age of
6.2 years (1.5-18) were subjected to SPT. One hundred and seven children (62.5%) were found to
be sensitized to at least one of the ten aeroallergen extracts tested. The most common sensitizations
were to olive pollen (45.6%), Mites Dermatophagoides Petronyssinus (42.0%), and Dog Dander
(38.6%). The highest sensitization rate was among the age group 2-4 years (28.1%). The sensitization
rates increased in conjunction with an increase in age in the first age groups (preschool and
school-age groups).

Conclusion:

The study’s findings provide an understanding of the locally prevalent aeroallergens,
yet a multi-center review would be more useful for creating an optimized SPT panel specific to the
Jordanian pediatric population.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities of five Turanecio Hamzaoglu (Asteraceae) Species from Turkey
Authors: Albayrak Sevil , Aksoy Ahmet , Yasar Abit , Yurtseven Lutfiye , Budak Umit
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

In vitro biological activities of methanolic extracts of five Turanecio species
have been studied.

Materials and Methods:

The phenolic compositions of the extracts were evaluated by the Folin-
Ciocalteu assay and by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activities were determined with two in vitro assays
namely, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum assay. The
antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against 13 microorganisms.

Results:

T. hypochionaeus var. hypochionaeus was showed the highest DPPH inhibition with 88.84% at
100 μg·mL-1. All of the extracts were exerted high total antioxidant activities 128.00- 243.13 mg AAE
g-1) and seem to be a promising source of natural antioxidants. The phenolic contents in the extracts varied
from 26.17 to 60.99 mg·g-1 as gallic acid equivalent. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p- coumaric
acid were the predominant constituents. The methanolic extracts revealed promising antibacterial activities
against most bacteria. No activity was recorded against yeasts tested.

Conclusion:

The polyphenolic constituents appear to be responsible, at least in part, for the extract’s activities.
The present study confirms that tested Turanecio species contains significant source of phenolics
have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and may have therapeutic potential.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Mohammadi Rezvan , Hosseini Seyede A. , Noruzi Somaye , Ebrahimzadeh Ailin
Published: March 2021

Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis since conventional therapeutic approaches are not sufficient. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have implemented new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies such as lung cancer. Investigation of lung cancer cell-derived exosomes and analysis of their profile by advanced techniques will assist researchers to take advantage of the specific properties of these multivesicular bodies. Also, scientists have presented various encouraging methods in the treatment of lung cancer with loading drugs, proteins, microRNAs, and siRNAs inside specific antigen-targeted exosomes. This review discusses the role of exosomes as novel prognostic biomarkers (containing lipids, surface and internal proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs) and therapeutic agents (e.g. vaccine and targeted drug delivery systems) in lung cancer.
Effects of Different Applications on Postoperative Seroma Formation and Wound Healing Following Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection in Rats
Authors: Karaköse Oktay , Pülat Hüseyin , Çağlar Özçelik Kazım , Zihni İsmail , Kürşat Bozkurt Kemal , Şenol Serdar , Nihan Cankara Fatma , Erol Eroğlu Hasan
Published: March 2021

The most frequent postoperative complication after breast surgery is seroma formation. Seroma occurs due to lymphatic and vascular fluid leakage into the dead space created by surgical dissection.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of local fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc applications, and flap fixation technique on reducing seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection. In addition, we aimed to determine the level of efficacy for these applications, as well as to identify the most appropriate method to be used in operations with high risk of seroma formation.

Materials and Methods. This experimental study was conducted using a total of 60 female Wistar albino rats. They were allocated into six groups and each comprised ten rats. Unilateral mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed on all the rats. Local applications of fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc, and alcoholic iodine were performed in four separate groups. Flap fixation technique was applied in one group and those rats that did not receive any intervention constituted the control group. On the 10th postoperative day, seroma was aspirated under anesthesia, and the amount of seroma fluid was recorded. Seroma fluid was analyzed for interleukin 1-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein levels. Tissue samples were obtained from the skin overlaying the dissection area, the axilla, and the thoracic wall. Wound healing was evaluated with histopathological examination.

Results. Seroma volume was lower and the wound healing scores were the highest in the flap fixation group and the tetracycline group as compared to the control group. However, the alcoholic iodine group and the talc group had a greater amount of seroma (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the fibrin glue group and the control group.

Conclusions. In our mastectomy model, local application of alcoholic iodine and talc substances caused more wound site problems and postoperative seroma formation. While fibrin glue did not cause wound site problems, it did increase seroma formation. These three substances were determined to be inefficacious in postoperative seroma formation. Local tetracycline application and flap fixation technique were found to reduce postoperative seroma and benefit wound healing.
SASTRA ANAK DAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Nurgiyantoro Burhan
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Children’s Literature and Character Building. This article aims todescribe roles and strategies of the learning of children’s literature in charactereducation. In terms of the materials, literature has already contained “rawmaterials” to build children’s character. Literature is culture in action containinglife models. The concept of people with ideal character highly appreciatingmorality and great values is concretely manifested in the story characters’ attitudesand behaviors. Children can imitate the heroes with ideal norms and take theirattitudes and behaviors as examples. Moreover, at their age, children like to imitatebehaviors of people that they admire. To prevent literature learning from becomingrote learning, teachers and parents should work in synergy to help children read,understand, and give examples of concrete attitudes and behaviors so that theinternalization process takes place. Therefore, story-telling activities for childrenshould be routinely conducted and reading habits should be inculcated since theearly age.Keywords: children’s literature, character building, culture in behaviors
NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM SERAT WEDHATAMA DAN PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI
Authors: Wibawa Sutrisna
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Moral Values in Serat Wedhatama and Moral Education. Moral valuesare the highest values with four main characteristics: responsibility, conscience,absolute obligation, and formality. They are also related to what should not bedone due to the values that have to be highly praised. The moral values in SeratWedhatama include, among others, simple life, affection, responsibility, consciencedevelopment, love to others, humbleness, not being proud, religious obedience byconforming to the religious rules and avoiding what is prohibited, good positionsthrough sincere work everywhere, wealth through hardwork, and knowledge thatother people can benefit from. Such values are absolute moral values that are fixedand formal in nature. Serat Wedhatama can be a main reference for the learning oflocal contents of the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture because it containsmoral values that can be used a basis for moral education.Keywords: Serat Wedhatama, moral values
THE MODERATION EFFECT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL DECISION-MAKING MODEL
Authors: Supriadi Didi , Usman Husaini , Jabar Cepi Safruddin Abdul
Published: March 2021

A decision-making process in an organization is more effective if it is supported by reliable and valid information systems. Management Information System (MIS) and Decision Support System (DSS) are two systems commonly used by organizational leaders to collect information for making the Quality of Decision (QD). This study aimed to empirically investigate MIS influences on vocational high school principals’ QD. Besides, this study examined the moderation effect of the DSS on the decision-making processes. This quantitative research employed the survey method and purposive sampling technique. As many as 60 vocational high school principals and vice-principals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia were the participants of this study. They filled in questionnaires consisting of 19 items that were developed using the Likert scale. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The research findings show that MIS has a significant effect on the quality of the decision-making process by vocational high school principals. However, for improving the decision quality, the model must be assisted by DSS as the moderator variable. MIS carries information required for principals while DSS provides data, model, and analysis instruments used for special cases in vocational high schools.
WATER-SAVING AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hashim Mohmadisa , Mohd Shariff Mohamad Danial , Mahat Hanifah , Norkhaidi Saiyidatina Balkhis , Nayan Nasir , Saleh Yazid
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted among school students in Baling district, Kedah to study their level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding water-saving. A quantitative approach was adopted by survey instrument. The study sample consisted of 144 students, selected based using simple random sampling technique while stratified random technique was used to select school. Pearson’s correlation and t-test were used used to analyse the data. Based on the findings, it was found that the level of knowledge and the level of attitude were high in water-saving, while the water-saving practice was at a moderate level. The t-test results showed that knowledge, attitude, and practice did not have a significant difference in water-saving. The results of the Pearson’s correlation showed a moderately positive relationship between the water-saving knowledge and water-saving practice and a moderately positive relationship between water-saving attitude and practice. Overall, it can be concluded that the students had a high level of knowledge and attitude in water-saving. However, water-saving practice was still at a moderate level, and students need to improve their water-saving practice from time to time.
PERSONALITY: HOW DOES IT IMPACT TEACHERS’ ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT?
Authors: Utami Purwani Puji , Widiatna Alexius Dwi , Ayuningrum Syamzah , Putri Arbiana , Herlyna Herlyna , Adisel Adisel
Published: March 2021

Teacher organizational commitment is a determining factor for achieving quality education. It is believed that teacher personality is one of the main factors which either increase or decrease organizational commitment. This research aims to examine the effects of teacher personality on their organizational commitment. The quantitative approach was employed with the survey method. The samples were selected using the simple random technique by applying the Slovin formula. The participants of this study were 83 civil servant teachers at public senior high schools located in East Jakarta. The data of this study were collected through a survey and then analyzed using Path analysis. The results of the analysis show that tcount is higher than ttable (4.329 > 2.64). This result means that H0 is rejected while H1 is accepted. The hypothesis testing shows that personality has a positive direct effect on teacher organizational commitment. Furthermore, it is proven that there are three traits influencing teacher personality, namely emotional stability (33.98%), extroversion (33.56%), and openness to experience (32.46%). Meanwhile, the main factors influencing organizational commitment are employee engagement (33.74%), moral responsibility (33.55%), and loyalty (32.71%). Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that school principals take teacher personality into account in order to improve teacher organizational commitment at schools.
Caracterización de materiales con uso potencial como sustratos en sistemas de cultivo sin suelo
Authors: Monsalve Camacho Oscar Iván , Henao Toro Martha Cecilia , Gutiérrez Díaz Joan Sebastián
Published: March 2021

A pesar de su baja capacidad de retención de agua y de cationes, la cascarilla de arroz es el sustrato más utilizado en cultivos sin suelo (CSS) en Colombia; sin embargo, su disponibilidad ha venido disminuyendo debido a la diversificación de su uso. Con el fin de proponer materiales alternativos, se realizó la caracterización de las propiedades químicas y físicas más relevantes en once sustratos orgánicos y siete minerales, para conocer su viabilidad de uso, inocuidad y estabilidad. Los resultados indican que el pH de la perlita y piedra pómez se encuentra muy por encima del rango adecuado, al igual que la conductividad eléctrica del ladrillo molido y la tuza prensada de palma. La perlita presenta una alta concentración de potasio, la vermiculita, de hierro, y los materiales provenientes del cultivo de coco, la zeolita y piedra pómez, de sodio. El sustrato de coco muestra una alta capacidad de intercambio catiónico, que contrasta con una muy baja en la arena de río. Esta última, junto con la escoria de carbón, ladrillo molido y zeolita, tiene una alta densidad aparente. A excepción de la cascarilla de arroz, todos los materiales orgánicos presentan una óptima relación carbono/nitrógeno. La vermiculita presenta un alto contenido total de cromo, mientras que los demás sustratos presentan niveles bajos de metales pesados. Se concluye que se pueden aprovechar las mejores características de los sustratos para preparar mezclas y obtener así un material adecuado para el establecimiento de sistemas de cultivo sin suelo.
Inovasi Alat Distilasi Asap Cair dari Bahan Drum dan Pipa Stainless dengan Sirkulasi Pendingin Pompa Air Sebagai Penunjang Kegiatan Praktikum
Authors: Sumedi Atak , Alfrida Alfrida
Published: March 2021

Peralatan distilasi di laboratorium sudah menjadi satu kebutuhan yang tidak bisa di pisahkandengan dunia praktikum atau penelitian, perlu adanya inovasi bagi para Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) untuk mengembangan dan menunjang kegiatan praktikum dan penelitian di laboratorium. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah yang di hadapi oleh para laboran atau peneliti berupa peralatan yang kurang memadahi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi keterbatasan peralatan yang ada di laboratorium sehingga kegiatan praktikum penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dapat berjalan secara maksimal dan lancar. Proses pembuatan peralatan distilasi terdiri dari mesin las, gergaji listrik,gurinda sedangkan bahan yang digunakan tungku pengodokan kapasitas 5 liter yang berupa panci presto, yang pada tutupnya di buat lobang untuk dipasang pipa stainless berbentuk L yang berfungsi untuk penyalur uap dari tunggku dengan diameter 2 inci dengan panjang 40 cm, kemudian drum yang sudah disiapkan di buat lobang segi empat bagian tengahnya dengan ukuran 20 x15 cm, selanjutnya buat lubang ditengah antara ujung kiri kanan drum dengan ukuran 2 inci,setelah itu potong pipa stainless sesuai kebutuhan yaitu dengan ukuran panjang 125 cm, dengan diameter 2 inci dan masukkan pipa stainless tersebut kedalam lubang kanan kiri drum yang sudah di lubangi hingga tembus kemudian dilakukan pengelasan pada kedua ujungnya. selanjutnya buat lubang pada drum dan disambung dengan pipa stainlessuntuk saluran sirkulasi air pendingin pada drum sehingga air yang ada akan tetap dingin danterjadi pendinginan yang sempurna dengan pompa air tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian peralatan distilasi menunjukkan pada 5 liter asap cair grade 3 setelah dilakukan distilasi menghasilkan rendemen asap cair grade 2 sebanyak 90,4% atau 4,520 ml. Sedangkan asap cair grade 2 sebanyak 4,520 ml menghasilkan rendemen asap cair grade 1 sebanyak 90,7% atau 4,100 ml. Untuk hasil asap cair grade 1 sangat baik dan warnanya bening dan sudah sesuai dengan standart SNI.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI ALTERNATIF PAPAN PARTIKEL
Authors: Raharjo Buwang
Published: March 2021

Industri sawit dalam kegiatan pengoperasiannya dapat menghasilkan limbah salah satunya adalah limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat yang berasal dari industri sawit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengenalkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan alternatif papan partikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Metode deskriptif adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan data yang diperoleh pada saat penelitian. Metode ini dimulai dari persiapan bahan baku, pembuatan papan partikel sebanyak 10 sampel terdiri dari 3 perlakuan (20%, 30% dan 50%), 3 ulangan, dan control, pengujian sampel berdasarkan SNI.03-2105-2006, hasil dari pengujian yang nilainya 0 maka tidak dapat diuji sehingga nilai dikeluarkan dan di deskripsikan penyebab hasil tersebut. Langkah kerja dimulai pada tahapan persiapan perekat, proses pencampuran partikel TKKS dengan perekat  dan proses pembentukan lembaran papan partikel. Pembuatan papan partikel tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan perekat Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) menunjukkan hasil yaitu sifat fisik uji pengembangan tebal tidak memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu maksimum 12%, uji kerapatan memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu 0,4 g/cm3 – 0,9 g/cm3 dan kadar air memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu <14%. Pada uji sifat mekanik keteguhan patah (Modulus Of Rapture)  tidak memenuhi standar Nilai JIS A 5908-2003 yaitu minimum 82 kg/cm2  dan keteguhan lentur (Modulus of Elasticity) tidak memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu minimum 2.081,63 kg/cm2. Pelaksanaan penelitian beberapa uji sifat fisik telah memenuhi standar dan uji sifat mekanik tidak memenuhi standar, penggunaan tingkat konsentrasi perekat yang lebih tinggi akan membuat kualitas papan partikel kuat dan lebih baik.
MODIFIKASI DEANSTARK UPAYA EFISIENSI PROSES DISTILASI UAP MINYAK BIJI PALA DALAM PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ORGANIK
Authors: Asfiyah Siti
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan percobaan kombinasi sistem distilasi uap dengan modifikasi deanstark upaya efisiensi proses distilasi minyak biji pala untuk praktikum kimia organik. Destilasi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan stem distilasi baru modifikasi deanstark dan stem distilasi lama dengan generator uap, meningkatkan hasil distilasi minyak biji pala, mempercepat waktu praktikum, dam mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa dalam minyak biji pala dengan GC-MS.Percobaan ini diawali dengan isolasi minyak pala menggunakan metode distilasi uap dengan sistem generator sebagai sumber uap air panas yang di dalamnya diisi akuades panas sebanyak 3 L. Isolasi minyak pala menggunakan metode stem distilasi yang dikombinasikan dengan deanstark, digunakan labu 1 L yang diisi akuabides 600 mL dan dipanaskan selama 1 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh dari dua sistem destilasi tersebut kemudian dibandingkan volume minyak atisiri (mL) dan beratnya (g). Minyak atsiri yang didapat selanjutnya diidentifikasi dengan GC-MS.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan waktu destilasi uap 1, 2, dan 3 jam dengan sistem generator menghasilkan minyak 0,13, 0,24, dan 0,30 mL dengan berat masing – masing 0,12, 0,10, dan 0,05 g. Sedangkan pada waktu yang sama dengan stem distilasi yang dikombinasikan dengan deanstark diperoleh minyak 0,7, 0,3 , dan 0,1 mL dengan berat masing – masing 0,632, 0,903, dan 0,993 g. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dengan GC-MS minyak atsiri biji pala hasil isolasi mengandung komponen sabinene (40,53%), camphene (21,10%), dan safrole (7,13%). Kata kunci: Distilasi uap, deanstark, minyak biji pala, kromatografi lapis tipis
Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Jamur pada Media PDA dengan Metode Pour Plate
Authors: Yastanto Anang Juni
Published: March 2021

Jamur memerlukan oksigen untuk pertumbuhannya, sehingga jamur biasanya diinokulasi dengan cara spread plate (digores di permukaan media). Inokulasi juga bisa dilakukan dengan pour plate, yaitu dengan menambahkan mikrobia pada media agar sebelum memadat (suhu 45 °C). Kelemahan dengan metoda pour plate yaitu akan membatasi ketersediaan oksigen dalam medium yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan jamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu 1) mengetahui pertumbuhan miselia jamur pada media secara pour plate, 2) mengetahui waktu inkubasi miselia jamur ketika muncul di permukaan media dan pembentukan spora jamur. Suspensi spora jamur Rhizopus oligosporus diplating dengan dua cara yaitu spread plate dan pour plate dengan menggunakan media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), kemudian diinkubasi suhu 30 °C selama 5 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari dengan melihat pertumbuhan miselia dan pembentukan sporanya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Jamur dapat hidup dengan metoda pour plate dan menghasilkan miselia yang dapat menembus media untuk mencari oksigen. Spora jamur berkecambah di dalam media PDA pada inkubasi 12 jam dan dengan metode pour plate miselia akan muncul ke permukaan media pada inkubasi 24 jam. Setelah 48 jam inkubasi, miselia akan semakin menyebar dan mulai terbentuk sporangium pada kedua metode inokulasi. Spora hitam muncul pada inkubasi hari ke 3 dan akan merata pada inkubasi hari ke 5. Kecepatan pertumbuhan jamur yang ditumbuhkan dengan metoda pour plate tidak berbeda dengan jamur yang ditumbuhkan dengan metoda spread plate.
Pemanfaatan Plastik Polipropilen Standing Pouch Sebagai Salah Satu Kemasan Sterilisasi Peralatan Laboratorium
Authors: Istini Istini
Published: March 2021

Salah satu penelitian yang dilakukan di laboratorium adalah kultur sel. Penelitian tersebut membutuhkan lingkungan yang steril, meliputi alat, ruang, peralatan pendukung, serta personil laboratorium. Sterilisasi sangat berperan penting bagi kelancaran hasil kultur sel. Peralatan pendukung yang steril juga berperan penting dalam upaya pencegahan agar penelitian terhindar dari kontaminasi. Peralatan pendukung ini antara lain terdiri dari: tip kuning, tip biru, tabung 1,5 ml, petri dish, alat bedah, dan tabung 15 ml. Peralatan tersebut perlu dikemas sebelum dilakukan sterilisasi dengan autoklaf. Bahan atau wadah untuk mengemas peralatan pendukung diperlukan untuk menjaga peralatan dari tekanan dan suhu tinggi selama proses sterilisasi dengan autoclave. Salah satu bahan alternative yang dapat digunakan untuk mengemas adalah plastik prolipropilen standing pouch. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah plastik standing pouch dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu kemasan sterilisasi peralatan laboratorium sehingga dapat menunjang kegiatan penelitian di laboratorium. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memasukkan peralatan laboratorium diantaranya tip biru, tip kuning, tabung 1,5 ml, dan petridish, ke dalam empat macam bahan pengemas yaitu plastik polipropilen standing pouch, kertas payung, plastik polipropilen tebal, dan kotak tip pabrikan kemudian disterilisasi menggunakan autoklaf selama 15 menit. Percobaan selanjutnya adalah pengecekan sterilitas, yaitu tip biru yang sudah steril dimasukkan ke dalam botol steril berisi medium RPMI dan sebagai kontrol adalah botol steril yang berisi medium RPMI saja. Botol dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator CO2 dengan suhu 37 °C kemudian dilakukan pengamatan selama tiga hari. Setelah tiga hari botol blanko dan botol perlakuan tetap jernih, hal ini menandakan tidak terjadi kontaminasi. Percobaan ini membuktikan bahwa plastik polipropilen standing pouch dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan pengemas peralatan untuk sterilisasi di laboratorium yang praktis.
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Hewan Uji Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) dalam Uji In Vitro Absorpsi Obat Peroral Menggunakan Metode Usus Terbalik
Authors: Natalijah Natalijah
Published: March 2021

Pengembangan studi biofarmasetika banyak dilakukan untuk dapat mempelajari proses biofarmasetika. Namun, penggunaan jumlah hewan uji yang berlebihan masih belum bisa terhindarkan untuk mencapai suatu nilai validitas yang baik. Salah satu proses biofarmasetika utama yang menjadi fokus studi adalah absorpsi obat secara per oral melalui saluran gastro-intestinal karena model penghantaran ini yang paling banyak digunakan dalam terapi menggunakan produk farmasetik. Metode uji absorpsi per oral yang telah dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan adalah metode usus terbalik. Pada protokol konvensional, hanya ruas usus sepanjang20 cmper hewan uji tikus yang digunakan, sedangkan intestin memiliki panjang hingga 80-100 cm. Pada studi ini dilakukan analisis berdasar hasil percobaan transport asam salisilat pada pH 7,5 untuk mengetahui validitas penggunaan segmen usus pada ruas 30-50 cmsetelah pirolus bila dibandingkan dengan segmen yang digunakan secara konvensional. Diperoleh hasil bahwa kedua segmen memberikan nilai jumlah asam salisilat terakumulasi yang tidak berbeda signifikan (p=0,442), oleh karena itu kami menganjurkan ekstensi penggunaan usus tikus untuk mengurangi jumlah hewan uji yang digunakan dalam percobaan.
Sosio-Ekonomi, Sindrom Metabolik terhadap Kekuatan Genggaman Tangan Lansia di Komunitas
Authors: Sumandar Sumandar , Fadhli Rohmi , Mayasari Eva
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia merupakan indikasi kesehatan fisik dan  mobilitas. Faktor penyebab penurunan kondisi ini adalah karakteristik lansia serta kondisi  penyakit yang diderita. Kondisi ini pun dapat meningkatkan risiko keterbatasan mobilitas serta dapat memprediksi kerugian bagi lansia seperti ketergantungan dalam pelaksanaan aktivitas sehari-hariTujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan sindrom metabolik dengan kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, sindrom metabolik, dan kekuatan pegangan tangan. Sampel sebanyak 102 lansia yang berada komunitas kota Pekanbaru dengan teknik cluster sampling.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan genggaman tangan rendah sebanyak 60,8%, jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 66,7%, tidak bekerja sebanyak  70,6%, dan prevalensi sindrom metabolik sebanyak  20,6%. Terdapat kaitan antara jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan kejadian sindrom metabolik terhadap kekuatan genggaman tangan lansia ( p = 0,000; OR = 6,27; 95% CI = 2,540-15,493 ; ), p = 0,008; OR = 3,4; 95% CI = 1,406- 8,268, p = 0,045; OR = 0,29; CI 95% = 0,91-0,95)Kesimpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia pada penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan sindrom metabolik.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ ВИДЕОКОНФЕРЕНЦСВЯЗИ
Authors: Колобков Ю. , Куликов Н. , Филиппенко М.
Published: March 2021

Анализируются инновационные решения для создания перспективных систем видеоконференцсвязи, которые предоставляют пользователям широкий спектр услуг с высокими показателями качества обслуживания. Применение этих решений требует пересмотра ряда традиционных принципов выбора архитектуры аппаратно-программных средств, используемых для проведения видеоконференций. В частности, обсуждается возможность перехода к децентрализованной архитектуре построения аппаратно-программных средств и управления их ресурсами для повышения качества оказываемых услуг. Приводится пример реализации предлагаемых решений.
AN INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS’ ALGEBRAIC PROFICIENCY FROM A STRUCTURE SENSE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Jupri Al , Sispiyati Ririn , Chin Kin Eng
Published: March 2021

Structure sense can be interpreted as an intuitive ability towards symbolic expressions, including skills to perceive, to interpret, and to manipulate symbols in different roles. This ability shows student algebraic proficiency in dealing with various symbolic expressions and is considered important to be mastered by secondary school students for advanced study or professional work. This study, therefore, aims to investigate students’ algebraic proficiency in terms of structure sense. To reach this aim, we set up a qualitative case study with the following three steps. First, after conducting a literature study, we designed structure sense tasks according to structure sense characteristics for the topic of equations. Second, we administered an individual written test involving 28 grade XI students (16-17 year-old). Third, we analyzed students’ written work using a structure sense perspective. The results showed that about two-thirds of the participated students lack of structure sense in which they tend to use more procedural strategies than structure sense strategies in solving equations. We conclude that the perspective of structure sense provides a fruitful lens for assessing students’ algebraic proficiency.
DESIGNING A HEALTHY MENU PROJECT FOR INDONESIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Setyorini Ninik Purwaning , Meitrilova Agyta , Permatasari Ranni , Saskiyah Sulafah Ansya , Nusantara Duano Sapta
Published: March 2021

Project-based learning (PjBL) is an appropriate learning model that can shape students’ scientific, social and higher-order thinking. Implementing PjBL in education gives students the freedom to plan their own learning activities, conduct projects collaboratively and produce products. In a healthy menu project, PjBL can help students calculate their excess weight. The purpose of this study was thus to design a healthy menu that assists Indonesian junior high school students solve numeracy problems using obesity context. The method followed a design research type validation studies using observation and document reviews as data collection techniques. This study produced a learning trajectory that can help grade VII students solve arithmetic operations using obesity context through two activities. In the first, the students were asked to record their respective heights and weights, then use them to determine their body mass index (BMI) and body mass ratio (BMR). Then, the students confirmed their necessary daily caloric intake, and categorized their BMI and BMR results as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. In the second activity, the students developed healthy menus per their respective tastes based on their weight categories from the first activity. The study concluded with the students successfully producing healthy menus that they designed according to their calculated required daily caloric intake.
Inventar un pensamiento a la “altura del hombre”
Authors: Rousseau Dominique
Published: March 2021

«Que la ley no sea la misma en tiempos normales y en tiempos extraordinarios, cualquiera puede entenderlo. Que se transfieran algunas facultades al poder ejecutivo debido a que en periodos de crisis es preciso actuar con celeridad, también se entiende. Que a las libertades se les impongan algunas limitaciones que serían inadmisibles en tiempos normales, también podría llegar a entenderse. Sin embargo, a no ser que se direccione hacia un estado de seguridad, la legislación de un régimen de emergencia debe estar sujeta al respeto de la ley. Cuantos más poderes se concentren en las manos del Ejecutivo, más urgente se hace velar por el respeto a los derechos y libertades que constituyen, incluso en situaciones de crisis, el Estado de derecho; además, es cuando más activas deben permanecer las instituciones de control: obligatoriamente el Parlamento, desde luego la Justicia y por supuesto la prensa.»

*Traducción de Carlos Andrés Patiño Ciro
La interrupción voluntaria del embarazo como derecho de acceso restringido en el marco de la COVID-19
Authors: Mondragón Duarte Sergio Luis , Parra Granados Lina María
Published: March 2021

La interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Colombia ha sido reconocida en tres casos excepcionales por la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional. Desde entonces se ha desarrollado un marco de protección que elimina los obstáculos en su ejercicio, sin embargo, aún son muchas las barreras que encuentran las mujeres para acceder a este derecho. Ahora bien, con el surgimiento de la crisis de salud pública a cuenta de la COVID-19, es pertinente hacer un diagnóstico del estado actual de este derecho. En este sentido, se  desarrolló una investigación de tipo cualitativo basada en el método hermenéutico que condujo a la  obtención de un resultado enmarcado en la aguda limitación para ejercer este derecho: en especial por parte de las mujeres que habitan en centros poblados rurales debido a la restricción de su locomoción, falta de acceso a internet y a servicios de salud idóneos, entre otros. Lo anterior permite concluir que las medidas adoptadas en el marco del estado de emergencia económica, social y ecológica para la protección de este derecho son nulas, ya que carecen de un enfoque socio demográfico efectivo que garantice la protección de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en esta época.
Estado de excepción y restricción al derecho a la educación en Colombia por la COVID-19
Authors: López Daza Germán Alfonso , Gómez García Carlos Fernando
Published: March 2021

En este artículo de investigación se aborda la problemática que ha originado la declaratoria del estado de emergencia del Gobierno colombiano para enfrentar la pandemia de la COVID-19. Esta declaratoria impactó en la restricción de algunos principios fundamentales, de forma concreta, la educación. Como objetivo central se planteó la discusión sobre la fundamentalidad del acceso a internet y su concepto como garantía de otros derechos. Este estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque analítico-descriptivo pues desglosa varias categorías —estados de excepción, derechos fundamentales, acceso a internet— y los concluye de forma conjunta. En la investigación se tomaron como fuentes principales: documentos, referencias e investigaciones previas sobre la materia. El resultado de este trabajo mostró que, con la actual crisis generada por la pandemia del coronavirus y la consiguiente suspensión de casi todas las actividades humanas —económicas, sociales, culturales—, se generó la sistemática vulneración de derechos, dentro de los cuales está la educación. El internet se convirtió en la única herramienta disponible para el desarrollo de esta actividad. Sin embargo, la falta de garantías para el acceso a esta red impide la materialización de este importante derecho fundamental.
Emergencia y restricciones de derechos constitucionales en Brasil y en el mundo
Authors: Sampaio José Adércio Leite , Assis Christiane Costa
Published: March 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las restricciones a los derechos constitucionales durante estados excepcionales en la jurisprudencia brasileña e internacional. Para eso, el artículo adoptó la investigación documental y bibliográfica como técnica de investigación. Como método de investigación, el método inductivo partió de preguntas particulares de los países analizados hasta una conclusión sobre el tema de investigación. Se concluyó que hay necesidad de relectura de los derechos constitucionales ante el nuevo escenario y es imperativa la adopción de una interpretación constitucional menos dañina.
El juez multinivel y la transversalidad de garantías. Un acercamiento a los escenarios fácticos en América y Europa
Authors: Lucero Pantoja Jairo Enrique
Published: March 2021

En el presente texto se abordan el control de convencionalidad y el margen de apreciación como modelos jurídico-políticos de protección de derechos humanos que se derivan de las visiones particulares, necesidades y recursos institucionales que cuentan los Estados de la OEA y el Consejo de Europa respectivamente. De esta manera, se establece que la dignidad humana es el objetivo universal para el eficaz ejercicio de los aparatos de justicia, a pesar de los métodos dispares de integración de derecho internacional. Para este fin, se realiza una investigación descriptiva y explicativa, se emplea la metodología dogmática —clásica de las ciencias jurídicas— y los submétodos sistemático, analítico y de enjuiciamiento de hecho. En este sentido, se concluye, en primer lugar, que se deben menguar los efectos de soberanía nacional, los cuales limitan la armonización garantística del ordenamiento jurídico. En segundo lugar, se vislumbra un estándar mínimo internacional a través de un espacio constitucional común que dote de facticidad un equilibrio de derechos universalmente protegidos por jueces multinivel.