bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The administration of rtPA before mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients is associated with a significant reduction of the retrieved clot area but it does not influence revascularization outcome
Authors: Rossi Rosanna , Fitzgerald Seán , Molina Sara , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Douglas Andrew , Pandit Abhay , Santos Andreia M. Silva , Murphy Blathnaid , Alderson Jack , Brennan Paul , Power Sarah , O’Hare Alan , Gilvarry Michael , McCarthy Ray , Psychogios Klearchos , Magoufis Georgios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Nagy András , Vadász Ágnes , Szikora István , Jood Katarina , Redfors Petra , Nordanstig Annika , Ceder Erik , Dehlfors Niclas , Dunker Dennis , Tatlisumak Turgut , Rentzos Alexandros , Thornton John , Doyle Karen M.
Published: September 2020

Both intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are evidence-based treatments for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in selected cases. Recanalization may occur following IVT without the necessity of further interventions or requiring a subsequent MT procedure. IVT prior to MT (bridging-therapy) may be associated with benefits or hazards. We studied the retrieved clot area and degree of recanalization in patients undergoing MT or bridging-therapy for whom it was possible to collect thrombus material. We collected mechanically extracted thrombi from 550 AIS patients from four International stroke centers. Patients were grouped according to the administration (or not) of IVT before thrombectomy and the mechanical thrombectomy approach used. We assessed the number of passes for clot removal and the mTICI (modified Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia) score to define revascularization outcome. Gross photos of each clot were taken and the clot area was measured with ImageJ software. The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 255 patients (46.4%) were treated with bridging-therapy while 295 (53.6%) underwent MT alone. By analysing retrieved clot area, we found that clots from patients treated with bridging-therapy were significantly smaller compared to those from patients that underwent MT alone (H1 = 10.155 p = 0.001*). There was no difference between bridging-therapy and MT alone in terms of number of passes or final mTICI score. Bridging-therapy was associated with significantly smaller retrieved clot area compared to MT alone but it did not influence revascularization outcome.
Sediment source fingerprinting: benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes
Authors: Collins Adrian L. , Blackwell Martin , Boeckx Pascal , Chivers Charlotte-Anne , Emelko Monica , Evrard Olivier , Foster Ian , Gellis Allen , Gholami Hamid , Granger Steve , Harris Paul , Horowitz Arthur J. , Laceby J. Patrick , Martinez-Carreras Nuria , Minella Jean , Mol Lisa , Nosrati Kazem , Pulley Simon , Silins Uldis , da Silva Yuri Jacques , Stone Micheal , Tiecher Tales , Upadhayay Hari Ram , Zhang Yusheng
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relevant to progressing the science.

Methods

Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to review published papers spanning the period 2013–2019, inclusive, to confirm publication trends in quantities of papers by study area country and the types of tracers used. The most recent (2018–2019, inclusive) papers were also benchmarked using a methodological decision-tree published in 2017.

Scope

Areas requiring further research and international consensus on methodological detail are reviewed, and these comprise spatial variability in tracers and corresponding sampling implications for end-members, temporal variability in tracers and sampling implications for end-members and target sediment, tracer conservation and knowledge-based pre-selection, the physico-chemical basis for source discrimination and dissemination of fingerprinting results to stakeholders. Emerging themes are also discussed: novel tracers, concentration-dependence for biomarkers, combining sediment fingerprinting and age-dating, applications to sediment-bound pollutants, incorporation of supportive spatial information to augment discrimination and modelling, aeolian sediment source fingerprinting, integration with process-based models and development of open-access software tools for data processing.

Conclusions

The popularity of sediment source fingerprinting continues on an upward trend globally, but with this growth comes issues surrounding lack of standardisation and procedural diversity. Nonetheless, the last 2 years have also evidenced growing uptake of critical requirements for robust applications and this review is intended to signpost investigators, both old and new, towards these benchmarks and remaining research challenges for, and emerging options for different applications of, the fingerprinting approach.
Risk assessment of corroded casing based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Chen Sheng-Shan , Wang Han-Xiang , Jiang Hao , Liu Ya-Nan , Liu Yan-Xin , Lv Xiao-Xiao
Published: September 2020

Casing corrosion during CO2 injection or storage results in significant economic loss and increased production risks. Therefore, in this paper, a corroded casing risk assessment model based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established to identify potential risks in time. First, the corrosion rate and residual strength characteristics are analyzed through corrosion tests and numerical simulations, respectively, to determine the risk factors that may lead to an accident. Then, an index system for corroded casing risk evaluation is established based on six important factors: temperature, CO2 partial pressure, flow velocity, corrosion radius, corrosion depth and wellhead pressure. Subsequently, the index weights are calculated via the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the risk level of corroded casing is obtained via the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The corroded casing risk assessment model has been verified by a case well, which shows that the model is valuable and feasible. It provides an effective decision-making method for the risk evaluation of corroded casing in CO2 injection well, which is conductive to improve the wellbore operation efficiency.
A Novel Co-occurrence of VACTERL and Closed Neural Tube Defect
Authors: Gupta Neha , Singh Preeti
Published: September 2020

VACTERL is a nonrandom association of congenital anomalies and is an acronym for vertebral (V) or vascular (V), anomalous, anal (A), cardiac (C), tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula, renal anomalies (R) and limb (L) abnormalities. At least 3 components are required to make a diagnosis. We present a case with 4 components of the association—single umbilical artery, anorectal malformation, unilateral renal agenesis and limb abnormalities. There was also a closed neural tube defect-lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord. The presence of a neural tube defect with VACTERL makes this a unique case since the reported vertebral anomalies in VACTERL are non dysraphic.
Fortnite Streamers as Influencers: A Study on Gamers’ Perceptions
Authors: King Reyhaan , de la Hera Teresa
Published: September 2020

This paper explores how players perceive Fortnite streamers as influencers and how these internal perceptions shape their experience of the streamers’ videos and their own gameplay. Fortnite is currently the most popular multi-platform free-to-play game. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted revealing that streamers are, first, perceived as entertainers by showcasing high-level gameplay. Gamers consume this content because it is perceived as fun, relaxing, and an engaging way to learn. Streamers are, second, an inspiration to play by inspiring competition, collaboration, curiosity and commitment in gamers through their expertise in showcasing the game. Finally, gamers perceive streamers as endorsers through their videos as skins are perceived as giving social status, the battle pass is perceived to provide rewards, skin choice is highlighted in the player’s game, and new game mechanics are promoted.
Characterizing communities of hashtag usage on twitter during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic by multi-view clustering
Authors: Cruickshank Iain J. , Carley Kathleen M.
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a flurry of online activity on social media sites. As such, analysis of social media data during the COVID-19 pandemic can produce unique insights into discussion topics and how those topics evolve over the course of the pandemic. In this study, we propose analyzing discussion topics on Twitter by clustering hashtags. In order to obtain high-quality clusters of the Twitter hashtags, we also propose a novel multi-view clustering technique that incorporates multiple different data types that can be used to describe how users interact with hashtags. The results of our multi-view clustering show that there are distinct temporal and topical trends present within COVID-19 twitter discussion. In particular, we find that some topical clusters of hashtags shift over the course of the pandemic, while others are persistent throughout, and that there are distinct temporal trends in hashtag usage. This study is the first to use multi-view clustering to analyze hashtags and the first analysis of the greater trends of discussion occurring online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Discussion of ‘Detecting possibly frequent change-points: Wild Binary Segmentation 2 and steepest-drop model selection’
Authors: Cho Haeran , Kirch Claudia
Published: September 2020

We congratulate the author for this interesting paper which introduces a novel method for the data segmentation problem that works well in a classical change point setting as well as in a frequent jump situation. Most notably, the paper introduces a new model selection step based on finding the ‘steepest drop to low levels’ (SDLL). Since the new model selection requires a complete (or at least relatively deep) solution path ordering the change point candidates according to some measure of importance, a new recursive variant of the Wild Binary Segmentation (Fryzlewicz in Ann Stat 42:2243–2281, 2014, WBS) named WBS2, has been proposed for candidate generation.
Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Cho Hye-Kyung , Yang Joshua N. , Cunningham Scott A. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Dalton Mary L. , Collura Christopher A. , Fang Jennifer L. , Heinrich Angela L. , Huskins W. Charles , Patel Robin
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To investigate the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using whole-genome sequencing.

Design:

Investigation of MSSA epidemiology in a NICU.

Setting:

Single-center, level IV NICU.

Methods:

Universal S. aureus screening was done using a single swab obtained from the anterior nares, axilla, and groin area of infants in the NICU on a weekly basis. Core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) analysis was performed on MSSA isolates detected over 1 year (2018–2019).

Results:

In total, 68 MSSA-colonized infants were identified, and cgMLSTs of 67 MSSA isolates were analyzed. Overall, we identified 11 cgMLST isolate groups comprising 39 isolates (58%), with group sizes ranging from 2 to 10 isolates, and 28 isolates (42%) were unrelated to each other or any of the isolate groups. Cases of infants colonized by MSSA were scattered throughout the 1-year study period, and isolates belonging to the same cgMLST group were typically detected contemporaneously, over a few weeks or a few months. Overall, 13 infants (19.7%) developed MSSA infections: bacteremia (n = 3), wound infection (n = 5), conjunctivitis (n = 4), and cellulitis (n = 1). We detected no association between these clinically manifest infections and specific cgMLST groups.

Conclusions:

Although MSSA isolates in infants in a NICU showed high diversity, most were related to other isolates, albeit within small groups. cgMLST facilitates an understanding of the complex transmission dynamics of MSSA in NICUs, and these data can be used to inform better control strategies.
Trends in antibiotics use among long-term US nursing-home residents
Authors: Cohen Catherine C. , Dick Andrew W. , Agarwal Mansi , Gracner Tadeja , Mitchell Susan , Stone Patricia W.
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Antibiotics are overly prescribed in nursing homes. Recent antibiotic stewardship efforts attempt to reduce inappropriate use. Our objective was to describe antibiotic use from 2012 to 2016 among nursing-home residents with various health conditions.

Design:

Retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis.

Setting and participants:

All long-term residents in a random 10% sample of national nursing homes: 2,092,809 assessments from 319,615 nursing-home residents in 1,562 nursing homes.

Measurements:

We calculated a 1-day antibiotic prevalence using all annual and quarterly clinical assessments in the Minimum Data Set (MDS) from April 2012 through December 2016. We calculated prevalence of antibiotic use overall and within conditions of interest: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), advanced cognitive impairment (ACI), and infections likely to be treated with antibiotics. We applied logistic regressions with nursing-home cluster, robust standard errors to assess changes in conditions and antibiotic use 2012–2016.

Results:

Overall, antibiotic use did not change (2012 vs 2016, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97–1.03). Antibiotic use was higher in 2016 versus 2012 among assessments with any infection (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.16), urinary tract infection (AOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12–1.25), and no infection (AOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09–1.17). Results were similar by cognitive status.

Conclusions:

The increased proportion of assessments recording antibiotics but no infection may not be clinically appropriate. Higher antibiotic use among infected residents with advanced cognitive impairment is also concerning. Further efforts to understand mechanisms driving these trends and to promote antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes are warranted.
Invariant Gibbs dynamics for the dynamical sine-Gordon model
Authors: Oh Tadahiro , Robert Tristan , Sosoe Philippe , Wang Yuzhao
Published: September 2020

In this note, we study the hyperbolic stochastic damped sine-Gordon equation (SdSG), with a parameter β2 > 0, and its associated Gibbs dynamics on the two-dimensional torus. After introducing a suitable renormalization, we first construct the Gibbs measure in the range 0 < β2 < 4π via the variational approach due to Barashkov-Gubinelli (2018). We then prove almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure under the hyperbolic SdSG dynamics in the range 0 < β2 < 2π. Our construction of the Gibbs measure also yields almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure for the parabolic sine-Gordon model in the range 0 < β2 < 4π.
The Heightened Importance of Racism and Sexism in the 2018 US Midterm Elections
Authors: Schaffner Brian F.
Published: September 2020

In 2016, attitudes related to racism and sexism were strong predictors of vote choice for president. Since then, issues related to race and gender have continued to be an important part of the political agenda. This letter shows that hostile sexism and denial of racism emerged as stronger predictors of the House vote in the 2018 cycle than they had been in 2016. The results show that the increased importance of these factors came largely from the shifting of less sexist and less racist voters from voting Republican in 2016 to voting for Democrats in 2018. Overall, the results suggest that Trump's hostility towards women and minorities is becoming part of the Republican Party's brand, and that this appears to have created an electoral penalty for Republican candidates in 2018.
Smugglers, Migrants, and Refugees: The Iran–Iraq Border, 1925–1975
Authors: Ahmadi Shaherzad
Published: September 2020

Due to the illegal movement of goods and people, the Khuzistan-Basra frontier, like many other borderlands in the region, represented a liminal space for border dwellers and the Iranian state. Although scholars have written about the migration that was endemic to the early nation-building period, the consequences of this movement in the latter half of the 20th century require further exploration. Well into the 1970s, Iranian migrants and border dwellers complicated citizenship, evinced by the Pahlavi monarchy's failure or refusal to offer them their rights. The Iranian archives prove that, decades into the nation-building project, local dynamics continued to exert tremendous influence on Iranians and even superseded national policies.
Corporate Governance and Loan-Syndicate Structure
Authors: Bharath Sreedhar T. , Dahiya Sandeep , Hallak Issam
Published: September 2020

Firms with greater shareholder rights have a greater risk-shifting incentive, requiring more lender monitoring. Thus, a reduction in shareholder rights implies more diffused (less monitoring-intensive) loan syndicates. Using the passage of U.S. second-generation antitakeover laws as an exogenous shock that reduces shareholder rights as a natural experiment, we find that loan syndicates become significantly more diffuse after the passage of these laws. These results are confirmed in a large sample of bank loans made during the 1990–2007 period when the loan syndicate market matured. Our results show how corporate governance causally affects financial contracting and creditor control in firms.
Climate Change News Risk and Corporate Bond Returns
Authors: Huynh Thanh D. , Xia Ying
Published: September 2020

We examine whether climate change news risk is priced in corporate bonds. We estimate bond covariance with a climate change news index and find that bonds with a higher climate change news beta earn lower future returns, consistent with the asset pricing implications of demand for bonds with high potential to hedge against climate risk. Moreover, when investors are concerned about climate risk, they are willing to pay higher prices for bonds issued by firms with better environmental performance. Our findings suggest that corporate policies aimed at improving environmental performance pay off when the market is concerned about climate change risk.
Horizontal sound localisation and speech perception in Bonebridge-implanted single-sided deafness patients
Authors: Zhao C , Yang J , Liu Y , Gao M , Chen P , Zheng J , Zhao S
Published: September 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the benefit of Bonebridge devices in patients with single-sided deafness.

Method

Five patients with single-sided deafness who were implanted with Bonebridge devices were recruited in a single-centre study. Participants’ speech perception and horizontal sound localisation abilities were assessed at 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Speech intelligibility in noisy environments was measured in three different testing conditions (speech and noise presented from the front, speech and noise presented from the front and contralateral (normal ear) side separately, and speech presented from the ipsilateral (implanted Bonebridge) side and noise from the contralateral side). Sound localisation was evaluated in Bonebridge-aided and Bonebridge-unaided conditions at different stimuli levels (65, 70 and 75 dB SPL).

Results

All participants showed a better capacity for speech intelligibility in quiet environments with the Bonebridge device. The speech recognition threshold with the Bonebridge device was significantly decreased at both short- and long-term follow up in the speech presented from the ipsilateral (implanted Bonebridge) side and noise from the contralateral side condition (p < 0.05). Additionally, participants maintained similar levels of sound localisation between the Bonebridge-aided and unaided conditions (p > 0.05). However, the accuracy of localisation showed some improvement at 70 dB SPL and 75 dB SPL post-operatively.

Conclusion

The Bonebridge device provides the benefit of improved speech perception performance in patients with single-sided deafness. Sound localisation abilities were neither improved nor worsened with Bonebridge implantation at the follow-up assessments.
Archive, Repertory, Supplement: Thinking Theatre through Intersections
Authors: Pefanis George P.
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the relationship between drama and performance, using the Derridean concept of ‘supplement’ in theatre, which exceeds polarities and attempts a more dialectic approach. A review of Marvin Carlson’s theories of illustration, separation, translation, and fulfilment is a starting point for a comprehensive analysis of the views that encourage the binary drama-performance. This is examined in combination with Diane Taylor’s distinction between the ‘archive’, which preserves and bears all the written culture, and the ‘repertory’, which contains the world of performance. The ‘supplement’ holds two meanings: as a supplement, an external addition-to, and as a complement, a supplement-of, that comes in to fill a gap. One example is used to present the relationship between archive, repertory, and supplement: Brecht’s The Downfall of the Egotist Johann Fatzer. Theatre can be thought of in formations of heteropoietic sequence, through chains of supplements, including the texts, the performances, the rehearsal devices, the publication context, and the director’s notebooks. George P. Pefanis is a Professor in the Department of Theatre Studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and also teaches theatre and cinema history at the Open University of Greece and Cyprus. His publications include Adventures of Representation: Scenes of Theory II, Spectres of Theatre: Scenes of Theory III (both 2013), and Theatre Adherents and Philosophers (2016). In 2006, he received the award for the best book in the study of theatre for The Kingdom of Eugena (2005).
The effects of early diabetes on inner retinal neurons
Authors: Eggers Erika D. , Carreon Teresia A.
Published: September 2020

Diabetic retinopathy is now well understood as a neurovascular disease. Significant deficits early in diabetes are found in the inner retina that consists of bipolar cells that receive inputs from rod and cone photoreceptors, ganglion cells that receive inputs from bipolar cells, and amacrine cells that modulate these connections. These functional deficits can be measuredin vivoin diabetic humans and animal models using the electroretinogram (ERG) and behavioral visual testing. Early effects of diabetes on both the human and animal model ERGs are changes to the oscillatory potentials that suggest dysfunctional communication between amacrine cells and bipolar cells as well as ERG measures that suggest ganglion cell dysfunction. These are coupled with changes in contrast sensitivity that suggest inner retinal changes. Mechanisticin vitroneuronal studies have suggested that these inner retinal changes are due to decreased inhibition in the retina, potentially due to decreased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, increased glutamate release, and increased excitation of retinal ganglion cells. Inner retinal deficits in dopamine levels have also been observed that can be reversed to limit inner retinal damage. Inner retinal targets present a promising new avenue for therapies for early-stage diabetic eye disease.
Shared and distinct developmental pathways to ASD and ADHD phenotypes among infants at familial risk
Authors: Miller Meghan , Austin Shane , Iosif Ana-Maria , de la Paz Leiana , Chuang Annie , Hatch Burt , Ozonoff Sally
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are believed to share partially overlapping causal mechanisms suggesting that early risk markers may also overlap. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) in a sample of infants enriched for ASD and ADHD, we first examined the number of distinct groups of 3-year-old children, based on ADHD and ASD symptomatology. To investigate early predictors of ASD and ADHD symptom profiles, we next examined differences in trajectories of infant behaviors among the LPA classes spanning general development, negative affect, attention, activity level, impulsivity, and social behavior. Participants included 166 infants at familial risk for ASD (n= 89), ADHD (n= 38), or low-risk for both (n= 39) evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. A three-class solution was selected reflecting aTypically Developing(TD) class (low symptoms;n= 108), anADHDclass (high ADHD/low ASD symptoms;n= 39), and anASDclass (high ASD/ADHD symptoms;n= 19). Trajectories of infant behaviors were generally suggestive of a gradient pattern of differences, with the greatest impairment within theASDclass followed by theADHDclass. These findings indicate a mixture of overlapping and distinct early markers of preschool ASD- and ADHD-like profiles that can be difficult to disentangle early in life.
Bounded ACh unification
Authors: Eeralla Ajay Kumar , Lynch Christopher
Published: September 2020

We consider the problem of the unification modulo an equational theory associativity and commutativity (ACh), which consists of a function symbol h that is homomorphic over an associative–commutative operator +. Since the unification modulo ACh theory is undecidable, we define a variant of the problem called bounded ACh unification. In this bounded version of ACh unification, we essentially bound the number of times h can be applied to a term recursively and only allow solutions that satisfy this bound. There is no bound on the number of occurrences of h in a term, and the + symbol can be applied an unlimited number of times. We give inference rules for solving the bounded version of the problem and prove that the rules are sound, complete, and terminating. We have implemented the algorithm in Maude and give experimental results. We argue that this algorithm is useful in cryptographic protocol analysis.
The emergence of a medieval pitch concept
Authors: HOWELL STANDLEY
Published: September 2020

The ninth century witnessed a fundamental change in the way Western musicians thought about music. Before the Carolingians assimilated ancient music theory, they had no functional concept of how the intervals between pitches of the scale differed from one another and how those differences affected melodic structure. The transition to interval-based thinking may be traced in writings about music. The first half of Aurelian of Réôme's mid-centuryMusica disciplinaquotes from Boethius, Cassiodorus and other ancient authors, but fails to make sense of what they say about intervals. The second half describes the rise and fall of chant melodies without reference to intervals. Treatises of the later ninth century (theEnchiriadistreatises, Hucbald'sMusica) are the first to treat music in terms of individual pitches and explain how patterns of whole tones and semitones define modes and scales. However, an early draft ofMusica enchiriadis, theInchiriadon, still displays no awareness of the role that semitones played. A parallel evolution occurred in notation. Neumes, which outline melodic direction but not precise intervals, can be documented from the second quarter of the ninth century and are likely older. They lack pitch content because musicians who invented them lacked a conceptual framework for understanding pitch. Pitched notations do not appear until late in the century and their use is confined to examples in theory treatises.
Obstetrical care is associated with child’s dietary diversity in Indonesia: analysis from Demographic and Health Survey 2017
Authors: Young Anna Marie Pacheco , Kang Yunhee
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To explore the influence of obstetrical care factors on dietary diversity and individual food group consumption in Indonesia.

Design:

Cross-sectional study to assess the association between pregnancy care factors and dietary diversity score, minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and consumption of seven food groups.

Setting:

Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017.

Participants:

A total of 5113 children aged 6–23 months.

Results:

Dietary diversity score was significantly higher for children whose mothers received four or more prenatal care visits, were delivered at a health facility, had a professionally trained delivery assistant and were delivered by C-section. Children born at a health facility and delivered by a health professional had higher odds of meeting MDD (adjusted OR (AOR) 1·45, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·79 and OR 2·10, 95 % CI 1·54, 2·87, respectively). Four or more antenatal visits, delivering at a health facility and having a professional delivery attendant were associated with higher odds of consumption of lentils (AOR 1·66, 95 % CI 1·23, 2·25, AOR 1·30, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·65 and AOR 1·79, 95 % CI 1·19, 2·69). Four or more antenatal visits, delivering at a health facility and having a professional delivery attendant had higher odds of consumption of other fruits and vegetables (AOR 1·70, 95 % CI 1·23, 2·35, OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·61 and OR 1·90, 95 % CI 1·29, 2·79).

Conclusions:

Efforts focusing on providing nutritional education during antenatal care and delivery should be encouraged, especially for mothers seeking care outside of a health facility.
Associations between dietary intake of B-vitamins and psychological disorders among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mozaffari Hadis , Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Surkan Pamela J , Askari Mohammadreza , Azadbakht Leila
Published: September 2020

Objective:

B-vitamins affect brain function through multiple pathways. Given limited evidence on the relationship between dietary intake of these vitamins and psychological disorders, we examined dietary intake of vitamin B6-9-12 in relation to psychological disorders among Iranian women.

Design:

Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable FFQ. To assess psychological disorders, we used a version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 validated in Iran.

Setting:

Ten public health centres in southern Tehran, Iran.

Participants:

A total of 447 female participants aged 20–50 years.

Results:

The median values of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin) were 1·30 mg/d, 313·89 µg/d and 3·99 µg/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, dietary vitamin B6 intake was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0·54; 95 % CI: 0·31, 0·95; Ptrend: 0·03). However, there was a positive association between dietary vitamin B12 intake with the odds of depression (OR: 2·05; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·60; Ptrend: 0·01) and psychological distress (OR: 2·00; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·41; Ptrend: 0·01). No association was found between vitamin B9 with any psychological disorders.

Conclusions:

Women with higher dietary intakes of vitamin B6 had lower likelihood of depression. However, women with higher dietary intake of vitamin B12 had higher odds of depression and psychological distress. Future prospective studies in different populations are needed to clarify whether B-vitamin deficiency is a cause or consequence of psychological disorders.
The BIALL Law Firm Library Survey 2019/2020
Authors: Greening Claire
Published: September 2020

The second BIALL Law Firm Library Survey was launched in December 2019. The aim of the survey is to understand standard practice across the law firm library sector and to allow firms to benchmark certain aspects of the library's service against industry averages. This article contains a summary of the results with comparisons, where possible, to results from the previous survey (2015/16). The full survey results can be found on the BIALL website.
The Justis International Law & Technology Writing Competition 2020
Authors: Terrell Matthew , Hand David
Published: September 2020

On the 6 March 2020, after judging by a panel of celebrity judges and industry experts, the overall winner for the Justis International Law & Technology Writing Competition was announced as a student from the University of Bologna, alongside three Best in Category articles, all from UK universities. Winning articles focussed on the role of online courts, the question of responsibility around personal data, smart contracts, and the risks of bias in algorithmic decision making. The competition organisers, Dr Matthew Terrell and David Hand of vLex Justis, share their thoughts on this year's competition and their hopes for the next competition, alongside the winning articles.
The case against international cooperation
Authors: Hurd Ian
Published: September 2020

The idea that international law and institutions represent cooperative means for resolving inter-state disputes is so common as to be almost taken for granted in International Relations scholarship. Global-governance scholars often use the terms international law and cooperation interchangeably and treat legalization as a subset of the broader category of inter-governmental cooperation. This paper highlights the methodological and substantive problems that follow from equating ‘global governance’ with ‘international cooperation’ and suggests an alternative. The traditional model applies liberal political theory to the study of international institutions and interprets global governance as the realization of shared interests. It deflects research away from questions about trade-offs and winners or losers. In place of cooperation theory, I outline an overtly political methodology that assumes that governance – global or otherwise – necessarily favors some interests over others. In scholarship, the difference is evident in research methods, normative interpretation, and policy recommendations, as research is reoriented toward understanding how international institutions redistribute inequalities of wealth and power.
Bruxismus: Einteilung, Diagnostik und Behandlung
Authors: Vavrina Joel , Vavrina Josef
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Bruxismus, das Knirschen oder Pressen mit den Zähnen, ist in der Bevölkerung häufig. Stress, Angstsyndrome und genetische Disposition scheinen dominante Faktoren zu sein, die zu erhöhter Kaumuskelspannung führen. Es werden zwei zirkadiane Manifestationen unterschieden, der Schlaf- und der Wachbruxismus. Bruxismus stellt einen grossen Risikofaktor für Zahnhartsubstanz und Zahnersatz dar. Die Diagnose erfolgt mittels gezielter Anamnese und Untersuchung. Schlafbruxismus kann mittels Elektromyogramm und Videoaufzeichnung im Schlaflabor nachgewiesen werden. Die Behandlung zielt auf die Schonung der Zahnhartsubstanz und Erhaltung des Zahnersatzes mittels Okklusionsschienen ab. Entspannungsübungen können den Bruxismus vermindern. Spezialisierte Physiotherapie kann die Verspannungen, Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschränkungen verbessern. Botulinumtoxin-Behandlung vermindert die subjektiven Beschwerden während der Wirkungszeit.
Gestion des complications aiguës des chirurgies esthétiques faites à l’étranger: analyse des coûts pour le système de santé suisse
Authors: Mathez-Loïc Chloé , Raffoul Wassim , di Summa Pietro G.
Published: September 2020

Résumé. Le tourisme médical pour la chirurgie esthétique est un phénomène en pleine croissance. Dans notre unité, nous avons remarqué une augmentation constante du nombre de patients consultant pour des complications dans les suites de procédures esthétiques faites à l’étranger. Cela mène à de nombreuses consultations ambulatoires, éventuellement à des réopérations ainsi qu’à des hospitalisations. Le but de cette étude est d’étudier les complications et leurs coûts pour les patients ayant consulté de mai 2015 à décembre 2018 dans notre hôpital.
Stable Methane Isotopologues From Northern Lakes Suggest That Ebullition Is Dominated by Sub‐Lake Scale Processes
Authors: Wik Martin , Thornton Brett F. , Varner Ruth K. , McCalley Carmody , Crill Patrick M.
Published: September 2020

Stable isotopes have emerged as popular study targets when investigating emission of methane (CH4) from lakes. Yet little is known on how isotopic patterns conform to variations in emission magnitudes—a highly relevant question. Here, we present a large multiyear data set on stable isotopes of CH4 ebullition (bubbling) from three small adjacent subarctic lakes. The δ13C‐CH4 and δD‐CH4 range from −78.4‰ to −53.1‰ and from −369.8‰ to −218.8‰, respectively, and vary greatly among the lakes. The signatures suggest dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, particularly in the deep zones, but there are also signals of seemingly acetoclastic production in some high fluxing shallow areas, possibly fueled by in situ vegetation, but in‐sediment anaerobic CH4 oxidation cannot be ruled out as an alternative cause. The observed patterns, however, are not consistent across the lakes. Neither do they correspond to the spatiotemporal variations in the measured bubble CH4 fluxes. Patterns of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic production plus oxidation demonstrate that gains and losses of sediment CH4 are dominated by sub‐lake scale processes. The δD‐CH4 in the bubbles was significantly different depending on measurement month, likely due to evaporation effects. On a larger scale, our isotopic data, combined with those from other lakes, show a significant difference in bubble δD‐CH4 between postglacial and thermokarst lakes, an important result for emission inventories. Although this characteristic theoretically assists in source partitioning studies, most hypothetical future shifts in δD‐CH4 due to high‐latitude lake area or production pathway are too small to lead to atmospheric changes detectable with current technology.
Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Feedbacks in the NASA GISS ModelE2.1
Authors: Ito Gen , Romanou Anastasia , Kiang Nancy Y. , Faluvegi Gregory , Aleinov Igor , Ruedy Reto , Russell Gary , Lerner Paul , Kelley Maxwell , Lo Ken
Published: September 2020

We present results from the NASA GISS ModelE2.1‐G‐CC Earth System Model with coupled climate‐carbon cycle simulations that were submitted to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Coupled Climate‐Carbon Cycle MIP (C4MIP). Atmospheric CO2 concentration and carbon budgets for the land and ocean in the historical simulations were generally consistent with observations. Low simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations during 1850–1950 were due to excess uptake from prescribed land cover change, which erroneously replaced arid shrublands with higher biomass crops, and assumed high 2004 LAI values in vegetated lands throughout the historical simulation. At the end of the historical period, slightly higher simulated CO2 than observed resulted from the land being an insufficient net carbon sink, despite the net effect of CO2 fertilization and warming‐induced increases to leaf photosynthetic capacity. The global ocean carbon uptake agreed well with the observations with the largest discrepancies in the low latitudes. Future climate projection at 2091–2100 agreed with CMIP5 models in the northward shift, of temperate deciduous forest climate and expansion across Eurasia along 60°N latitude, and dramatic regional biome shifts from drying and warming in continental Europe. Carbon feedback parameters were largely similar to the CMIP5 model ensemble. For our model, the variation of land feedback parameters within the uncertainty arises from the fertilization feedback being less sensitive due to lack of increased vegetation growth, and the comparably more negative ocean carbon‐climate feedback is due to the large slowdown of the Atlantic overturning circulation.
Cutting Edge: A Comparison of Contemporary Practices of Riparian Buffer Retention Around Small Streams in Canada, Finland, and Sweden
Authors: Kuglerová Lenka , Jyväsjärvi Jussi , Ruffing Claire , Muotka Timo , Jonsson Anna , Andersson Elisabet , Richardson John S.
Published: September 2020

Forested riparian buffers are recommended to mitigate negative effects of forest harvesting on recipient freshwater ecosystems. Most of the current best practices of riparian buffer retention aim at larger streams. Riparian protection along small streams is thought to be lacking; however, it is not well documented. We surveyed 286 small streams flowing through recent clearcuts in three timber‐producing jurisdictions—British Columbia, Canada (BC), Finland, and Sweden. The three jurisdictions differed in riparian buffer implementation. In BC, forested buffers are not required on the smallest streams, and 45% of the sites in BC had no buffer. The average (±SE) width of voluntarily retained buffers was 15.9 m (±2.1) on each side of the stream. An operation‐free zone is mandatory around the smallest streams in BC, and 90% of the sites fulfilled these criteria. Finland and Sweden had buffers allocated to most of the surveyed streams, with average buffer width of 15.3 m (±1.4) in Finland and 4 m (±0.4) in Sweden. Most of the streams in the two Nordic countries had additional forestry‐associated impairments such as machine tracks, or soil preparation within the riparian zone. Riparian buffer width somewhat increased with stream size and slope of the riparian area, however, not in all investigated regions. We concluded that the majority of the streams surveyed in this study are insufficiently protected. We suggest that a monitoring of forestry practices and revising present forestry guidelines is needed in order to increase the protection of our smallest water courses.
Zhang Receives 2019 Ronald Greeley Early Career Award in Planetary Sciences
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

Xi Zhang received the 2019 Ronald Greeley Early Career Award in Planetary Sciences at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “significant early career contributions to planetary science.”
Vilas Receives 2019 Fred Whipple Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

Faith Vilas received the 2019 Fred Whipple Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “significant contributions to the field of planetary science from a midcareer or senior scientist.”
Scientists Support Local Activities to Rescue the Mesoamerican Reef
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge
Published: September 2020

The reef’s report card analyzed 286 sites in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. Communities, scientists, and governments are working to improve coral and ecosystem resilience.
A New Framework to Explain Changes in Io's Footprint Tail Electron Fluxes
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Connerney J. E. P. , Ebert R. W. , Hue V. , McComas D. J. , Saur J. , Sulaiman A. H. , Wilson R. J.
Published: September 2020

We analyze precipitating electron fluxes connected to 18 crossings of Io's footprint tail aurora, over altitudes of 0.15 to 1.1 Jovian radii (RJ). The strength of precipitating electron fluxes is dominantly organized by “Io‐Alfvén tail distance,” the angle along Io's orbit between Io and an Alfvén wave trajectory connected to the tail aurora. These fluxes best fit an exponential as a function of down‐tail extent with an e‐folding distance of 21°. The acceleration region altitude likely increases down‐tail, and the majority of parallel electron acceleration sustaining the tail aurora occurs above 1 RJ in altitude. We do not find a correlation between the tail fluxes and the power of the initial Alfvén wave launched from Io. Finally, Juno has likely transited Io's Main Alfvén Wing fluxtube, observing a characteristically distinct signature with precipitating electron fluxes ~600 mW/m2 and an acceleration region extending as low as 0.4 RJ in altitude.
Large Variations in Volcanic Aerosol Forcing Efficiency Due to Eruption Source Parameters and Rapid Adjustments
Authors: Marshall Lauren R. , Smith Christopher J. , Forster Piers M. , Aubry Thomas J. , Andrews Timothy , Schmidt Anja
Published: September 2020

The relationship between volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) and volcanic radiative forcing is key for quantifying volcanic climate impacts. In their Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change used one scaling factor between volcanic SAOD and volcanic forcing based on climate model simulations of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption, which may not be appropriate for all eruptions. Using a large ensemble of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate simulations of eruptions with different sulfur dioxide emissions, latitudes, emission altitudes, and seasons, we find that the effective radiative forcing (ERF) is on average 20% less than the instantaneous radiative forcing, predominantly due to a positive shortwave cloud adjustment. In our model, the volcanic SAOD‐ERF relationship is non‐unique and varies widely depending on time since an eruption, eruption latitude, and season due to differences in aerosol dispersion and incoming solar radiation. Our revised SAOD‐ERF relationships suggest that volcanic forcing has been previously overestimated.
Artificial intelligence enhanced two-dimensional nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kong Xi , Zhou Leixin , Li Zhijie , Yang Zhiping , Qiu Bensheng , Wu Xiaodong , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is indispensable to molecule structure determination. Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been proposed and developed as an outstanding quantum sensor to realize NMR in nanoscale or even single molecule. However, like conventional multi-dimensional NMR, a more efficient data accumulation and processing method is necessary to realize applicable two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale NMR with a high spatial resolution nitrogen-vacancy sensor. Deep learning is an artificial algorithm, which mimics the network of neurons of human brain, has been demonstrated superb capability in pattern identifying and noise canceling. Here we report a method, combining deep learning and sparse matrix completion, to speed up 2D nanoscale NMR spectroscopy. The signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced by 5.7 ± 1.3 dB in 10% sampling coverage by an artificial intelligence protocol on 2D nanoscale NMR of a single nuclear spin cluster. The artificial intelligence algorithm enhanced 2D nanoscale NMR protocol intrinsically suppresses the observation noise and thus improves sensitivity.
Structural models of human ACE2 variants with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for structure-based drug design
Authors: Sorokina Marija , M. C. Teixeira João , Barrera-Vilarmau Susana , Paschke Reinhard , Papasotiriou Ioannis , Rodrigues João P. G. L. M. , Kastritis Panagiotis L.
Published: September 2020

Emergence of coronaviruses poses a threat to global health and economy. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 28,000,000 people and killed more than 915,000. To date, there is no treatment for coronavirus infections, making the development of therapies to prevent future epidemics of paramount importance. To this end, we collected information regarding naturally-occurring variants of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an epithelial receptor that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use to enter the host cells. We built 242 structural models of variants of human ACE2 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) and refined their interfaces with HADDOCK. Our dataset includes 140 variants of human ACE2 representing missense mutations found in genome-wide studies, 39 mutants with reported effects on the recognition of the RBD, and 63 predictions after computational alanine scanning mutagenesis of ACE2-RBD interface residues. This dataset will help accelerate the design of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, as well as contribute to prevention of possible future coronaviruses outbreaks.
Publisher Correction: Ophidiomycosis surveillance of snakes in Georgia, USA reveals new host species and taxonomic associations with disease
Authors: Haynes Ellen , Chandler Houston C. , Stegenga Benjamin S. , Adamovicz Laura , Ospina Emilie , Zerpa‑Catanho Dessireé , Stevenson Dirk J. , Allender Matthew C.
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.