bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POLYMER COMBINATION IN THE DESIGN OF BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE OCULAR INSERTS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Navodaya Pharmacy College, Raichur-584 103, Karnataka, India., Goudanavar P , Ambhore N , Hiremath D. , Udupi R
Published: October 2021

Brimonidine is an anti-glaucoma agent useful in treatment of intraocular pressure. In the present study an attempt was made to formulate ophthalmic inserts of brimonidine tartrate (BT) in combination with polymers like methylcellulose, carboxymethyl chitosan and HPMC. Prepared ocular films were evaluated for uniformity in thickness, weight variation, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, in vitro and in vivo release studies. The physical characteristics of the films were found to be within acceptable limits. The study confirmed that brimonidine tartrate can be delivered through films made of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl chitosan and HPMC combination matrix cast with ethyl cellulose (EC). In vitro release study revealed that increasing the proportion of polymer concentration decreased the rate of release of brimonidine tartrate. In vivo release profile of ocular inserts revealed controlled release of drug over a period of 24 h. Optimized formulation CH3 was evaluated for in vivo release characteristics using rabbits as animal model. The optimized formulation CH3 was found to be stable at accelerated storage condition of 40/75 % RH.
EFFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY HERBAL MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ON CD4 + LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND TOTAL VIRAL LOAD IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS
Authors:   Amala Cancer Research Centre Amala Nagar, Thrissur – 680 555 Kerala, India., Tharakan S. T. , Kuttan G , Kuttan R. , Kesavan M. , Sr Austin , Rajagopalan K.
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of herbal medication on the clinical status of HIV infected persons especially on their CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load. The toxicity of the medication was also studied. 25 HIV positive individuals were taken for the study. They were treated with a herbal formulation developed in our centre, for one year. Patients were evaluated for their clinical status every month and CD4+ T lymphocyte and viral load every six months. Other parameters assessed were body weight, hematological analysis and hepatic and renal function tests. Body weight was found to be increased in 20 patients out of 25 who have undergone treatment. CD4+T lymphocyte count was increased in 15 patients and viral load was decreased in 20 patients. In six patients viral load was undetectable range. Administration of these medications significantly reduced, elevated interferon-? and tumor necrosis factor in HIV patients. Medication did not produce any toxicity in HIV patients, as it did not show any significant change in hepatic function, renal function and haematology. Administration of herbal preparation was found to reduce clinical symptoms produced by HIV infection. This herbal formulation was found useful therapeutically for the management of HIV infection and did not produce any toxicity.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES IN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM CELASTRUS PANICULATUS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry K.L.E. University’s College of Pharmacy J. N. M. C. Campus Nehru Nagar, Belgaum-590010, Karnataka, India., Patil K. S , Powar P. V.
Published: October 2021

Celastrus paniculatus Willd (Celastraceae) is a rich source of alkaloids and triterpenoids. It is mainly used as aphrodisiac, brain tonic and is effective in leprosy, leucoderma and paralysis. Plant tissue culture technology is studied for the production of secondary metabolites from Celastrus paniculatus. Callus cultures were established from leaf explants on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media supplemented with sucrose (3%) and incubation was carried out at 25 ± 2o C under photoperiod of 16 h. Total of ten endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant. The fungi were isolated by incubating the plant material on potato dextrose agar supplemented with streptomycin (250 mg/l) at 27o C. The fungal strains were identified by studying their morphological and microscopical characters. The fungi were fermented and extracted with ethylacetate and acetone and screened for antimicrobial activity. Different bioactivities were found to be present in different taxa. Total ten strains of endophytic fungi were tested for antimicrobial activity out of which 7 strains showed antimicrobial spectra while remaining strains were inactive.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CEFIXIME AND OFLOXACIN IN TABLETS BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Ultra College of Pharmacy Madurai- 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India., Venkatachalam T. , Lalitha K. G.
Published: October 2021

A chromatographic method has been developed as per ICH norms for the simultaneous estimation of cefixime and ofloxacin from pharmaceutical formulations. The method was carried out on a column -Gemini (250 x. 4.6, 5 mc) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7 with 1 % w/w triethylamine), acetonitrile and methanol in 70:20:10 ratio and filtered through 0.45 mc cellulose nitrate filters. The flow rate 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 288 nm. The retention time of CEF and OFL was 2.16 and 7.86 min respectively. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and solution stability. The proposed method can be used for the estimation of these drugs in combined dosage forms.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF QUERCETIN
Authors:   K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy 23-Jote Joy Building, R. S. Marg Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India., Gadhwal M. K , Patil S. C , Dmello P , Joshi . U
Published: October 2021

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds with multiple biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The reduced bioavailability of flavonoids, however calls for structural modifications. Quercetin possesses multiple hydroxyl groups and an ability to chelate metal ions. Transition metal complexes have shown therapeutic promises in treatment of both inflammation and cancer. The present work describes synthesis of transition metal complexes of quercetin which resulted in the synthesis of the complexes of the type M2L which were characterized by IR and proton NMR. Although anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the quercetin-Cu complex was higher than quercetin, the anticancer activity of the quercetin-Zn complex was much higher. A mechanism of action for the same is proposed.
PARTIAL CHARACTERISATION AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF PROTEASE FROM A FUNGAL SPECIES
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, India., Kalaskar V. V , Narayanan K., , Subrahmanyam V. M. , Rao V. J.
Published: October 2021

Proteases find wide application in textile, leather, food and pharmaceutical industries. Also this enzyme has considerable therapeutic importance in treating inflammation, digestive and vascular conditions. A protease obtained from a fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger, was tested for clinical application. The microorganism was cultivated on a starch-casein medium. The proteolytic activity was assayed with casein substrate using Folin-Ciocalteus method having tyrosine standard. The enzyme was precipitated using 50% ammonium sulphate. Inhibition studies on EDTA, phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, dithiothreitol and pepstatin A revealed that the enzyme is an acid protease. The precipitated protease exhibited significant dehairing, destaining, declotting activites on Wistar rat model. The enzyme showed prominent anti-inflammatory activity and results were compared using diclofenac sodium.
STUDY OF DIFFERENT PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF POLY LACTIC-CO-GLYCOLIC ACID (PLGA) NANOTECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Gadad A.P , Vannuruswamy G , Sharath Chandra P. , Dandagi P.M. , Mastiholimath V.S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics KLEU’s College of Pharmacy Belgaum- 590010, Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2021

In past decades poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been one of the most attractive polymeric candidates used to fabricate devices for diagnostics and other applications of clinical and basic science research, including vaccine, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and tissue engineering. In addition, PLGA and its co-polymers are important in designing nanoparticles with desired characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, particle size, surface properties, drug release and target ability and exhibit a wide range of erosion times. PLGA has been approved by the US FDA for use in drug delivery. This article represents the more recent successes of applying PLGA-based nanotechnologies and tools in these medicine-related applications, and factors affecting their degradation and drug release. It focuses on the possible mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment effects of PLGA preparations and devices.
ENHANCEMENT OF ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF ACECLOFENAC USING SOLID DISPERSIONS BY DROPPING METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics St. Paul’s College of Pharmacy Turkayamjal Village, Hayath Nagar Mandal R.R. Dist- 501510, Andhra Pradesh, India., Reddy B. V , Venkata Raju J , Jalaiah M , Rao Nageswara , Divya P.
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the aim was to enhance the oral bioavailability and dissolution rate of aceclofenac by solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) as a carrier and to study the effect of carrier on dissolution rate. Initial studies were carried out using physical mixtures of the drug and carrier. Solid dispersions were prepared by fusion technique using dropping method. Aceclofenac was formulated as physical mixtures and solid dispersions (dropping method) using 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8 ratios of drug and carrier (PEG 6000). Saturation solubility study for pure drug, physical mixtures and solid dispersions were carried out in water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The In vitro dissolution studies were carried in pH 6.8, higher in vitro dissolution of solid dispersions was recorded compared to their corresponding physical mixtures and the pure drug. The prepared solid dispersions were observed that increased in the saturation solubility and dissolution rate of aceclofenac than that of pure drug. PEG 6000 in 1: 8 drug to carrier ratio exhibited the highest drug release (98.69%) formulated as solid dispersions using dropping method. The FT-IR study shows that drug was stable in solid dispersions and there were no interactions. It is concluded that dissolution rate was improved by solid dispersion of aceclofenac: PEG6000 prepared as 1:8 ratio by dropping method showed excellent physicochemical characteristics and was found to be described by dissolution release kinetics and was selected as the best formulation.
A VALIDATED METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TAPENTADOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY DENSITOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hindu College of Pharmacy Guntur-522002, A.P, India., Kathirvel S , Madhu Babu K.
Published: October 2021

Described in this manuscript is the first reported new, simple high performance thin layer chromatographic method for the determination of tapentadol hydrochloride in bulk and its tablet dosage form. The drug was separated on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 with butanol: water: glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 6:2:2 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was performed by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The calibration plot was linear over the range of 200-600 ng band -1 for tapentadol hydrochloride. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of drug in a pharmaceutical dosage form.
Anxiety, Depression and Somatization: The Pandemic No One Sees
Authors: Chira Alondra
Published: October 2021

The pandemic by the Covid-19 started a little over a year ago, in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China from a mutant strain of corona-virus the SARS-CoV-2, which was expanding rapidly across the rest of the countries and continents, in such a way that, in March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a new global pandemic.
Corona is an Era of Tension
Authors: J Abdallah
Published: October 2021

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems in the world, which has led to drastic changes in humans that have occurred in all aspects of our lives during the past months, to an increase in anxiety levels, especially among parents, who feel increasingly concerned about the health of their children and relatives, so the feeling of anxiety More than just a feeling of tension or anxiety, there are natural reactions that we all feel at some point in our life and it may be a new tension or anxiety other than what we used to do before the Corona, but constant anxiety appears as if it is permanent fear and if the situation worsens, it may control your life and prevent you from doing business The normal daily routine. Tension and deep fatigue make you feel anxious, tired and inability to concentrate at all times. This may disrupt sleep and daily life and make you feel depressed.
The Impact of the 1970s on Black Identity Development: An Analysis of Psychosocial and Black Existential Perspectives
Authors: Sewell Jackie
Published: October 2021

With the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and the subsequent focus on black existence, itis perhaps timely to revisit a previous historical period – the 1970s which saw theemergence of the civil rights movement and the transformation of black consciousness and identity.Both psychosocial and existential theories highlight the relationship between context and the development of identity. Drawing on the work of Erikson, Cross describes stages of identity development from negro to black which he originally related to the historical context of the black consciousness period of the 1970s but later, developed into a tool to measure black identity. This model depicts identity as developing in fixed stages with objective and measurable characteristics. The black existential approach focuses on the construction of identity within a context shaped by an individual’s experiences. Black existential philosophy aims to explore how different black experiences shape different manifestations of black identity construction. This articlereviews these two perspectives. I conclude that the black existential perspective produces richer knowledge about the existence of black people. Using the example ofhow second generation British born black Jamaicans constructed their identity during the 1970s, it is possible to see how this construction was shaped by their lived experiences in Britain at this time.
Weight Loss Ameliorates Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obese Patients
Authors: El-Kader Shehab M Abd
Published: October 2021

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder in clinical practice. Its growing worldwide prevalence may be due to the rising incidence of obesity in the public. OSA has been increasingly recognized as a major public health issue, as it has a significant influence on the incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Although, these abnormalities could be modulated with weight reduction, there is limitation in clinical studies have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and cytokines for obesity associated with OSA. Objective: This study was designed to detect the effects of weight loss on the inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Seventy obese patients with moderate to severe OSA (the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)>15 events/hour), their age ranged from 36- 50 years and their body mass index ranged from 26-31kg/m2 were equally assigned into two groups: the weight reduction group received aerobic exercises, diet regimen, where the control group received no intervention for 12 weeks. Results: The mean values of body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), tumor necrosis factor –alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and E-selectin were significantly decreased in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. In addition, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Weight loss ameliorates inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules among obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Réalisation d’une démarche d’analyse technologique par des élèves de science et technologie au secondaire : trois cas de figure
Authors: Damphousse Jolyane , Groleau Audrey , Samson Ghislain
Published: October 2021

L’analyse technologique consiste à examiner un objet pour en comprendre le fonctionnement. Dans cet article, nous étudions comment des élèves du secondaire procèdent lorsqu’ils effectuent une démarche d’analyse technologique en classe de science et technologie. Les observations et entretiens réalisés auprès de douze élèves montrent qu’ils procèdent d’au moins trois manières différentes, que nous avons appelées « dissection séquentielle » (démonter l’objet en entier, puis tenter d’en comprendre le fonctionnement), « dissection par systèmes » (démonter l’objet partiellement pour comprendre l’articulation de ses systèmes) et « dissection en spirale » (démonter une pièce à la fois en tentant de comprendre sa fonction).

Mots-clés : analyse technologique, dissection mécanique, science et technologie
L’utilisation d’un outil numérique d’aide à la révision et à la correction à la fin du secondaire : effets sur la qualité de l’écriture
Authors: Grégoire Pascal
Published: October 2021

Dans le cadre de la quasi-expérimentation faisant l’objet de cet article, nous avons voulu évaluer les effets de l’utilisation d’un outil numérique d’aide à la révision et à la correction sur la qualité de l’écriture. Trois-cent-quatre (n = 304) adolescents québécois issus d’écoles publiques francophones y ont participé, écrivant un premier texte à la main, puis un second selon l’une de ces modalités : 1) à la main ; 2) au traitement de texte (TT), sans correcticiel ; 3) au TT, avec correcticiel ; 4) au TT, avec correcticiel et formation à son utilisation. Les données, analysées de façon quantitative (ANOVA, tests t à mesures appariées), montrent que les utilisateurs du correcticiel font moins d’erreurs d’orthographe que leurs pairs, mais plus d’erreurs relatives au lexique. En revanche, les élèves n’utilisant que le TT réussissent moins bien. Ces résultats rappellent qu’apprendre l’écriture numérique est complexe, puis appellent à tenir compte de ses spécificités.

Mots-clés : écriture, numérique, traitement de texte, correcticiel, orthographe, syntaxe, grammaire du texte, évaluation
The Motorcycle Taxi Driver as a Community Reporter: Guidelines for the Promotion of a Marginalized Group’s Participation in the Improvement of Public Space by Using Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Punnoi Nattapong
Published: October 2021

motorcycle taxi drivers are a group of laborers in the informal sector who are socially shunned and are often harassed by the authorities and local influential people. Research has found that motorcycle taxi drivers have the potential to gather information concerning problems occurring in public spaces to be compiled into a database to encourage problem solving. Furthermore, smartphones are found to be a tool that assists motorcycle taxi drivers in effectively collecting information relating to problems that they encounter. Thus, the researcher, in collaboration with motorcycle taxi driver groups, has developed key concepts andan Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system that can contribute to the motorcycle taxi drivers’ becoming community reporters. Guidelines are also proposed for using the ICT system for reporting community problems to build a creative relationship between motorcycle taxi drivers and governmentinstitutions in managing public space.
Tha Tien: Case Study of Use Transformation
Authors: Boonprasong Peeraya
Published: October 2021

Reuse of old building can be sustainably and compatibly by use transformation process which concerns on capability of adaptability towards placemaking. The paper seeks to develop a set of criteria for selecting a representative case study which can discourse variables in use transformation process. Theoretically, place identity analysed through urban anthropology, adaptability and placemaking is developed with impacts occurring after use transformation. Consequently Tha Tien as an old historic market located in the centre of Bangkok, which is in the situation of rapid growth of tourist market, shifting of urban lifestyle, integration of development and displacement, is rationally selected.
Influences of Urban Infrastructure Development on Urban Forms and Lifestyle of Greater Bangkok
Authors: Denpaiboon Chaweewan , Panitchpakdi Kundoldibya , Kanegae Hidehiko , Selanon Pattamon , Boonnun Yanisa
Published: October 2021

According to consider the influence of urban infrastructure development impact on land-use and structure. Objective of study is to; (1) analyze urban network into 5 index factors for analyzing a pattern of urban form, and (2) analysis a relationship between urban geo-simulation modelling and behavior of socioeconomic. The study employed the selection of four study areas in the Greater Bangkok and the measurement of each index of urban network analysis and the mutual relationship between the two variables. The finding that residents in the area understand the mixed use of the area and satisfied with convenient commutation. There are uncommitted bonds occurred among the residential projects.
Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012
Authors: Boonprasong Peeraya
Published: October 2021

The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated.  Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.
An Exploratory Study of The Link Between Strategic Types and Quality Implementation
Authors: Obert Terry , Spencer Barbara
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the relationship between strategy and quality. By drawing on contingency theory and the resource-based view of strategy. we demonstrate conceptual linkages among the two concepts. Then, based on these views, we hypothesize that the use of recognized quality management practices will vary across strategy types. Results of our empirical analysis show clear support for this hypothesis. In other words, there is no "one best way" to implement quality management in organizations.
Toward A Synthesis of The Resource-Based View and Organizational Economics in The Context of Grand Strategies
Authors: Combs James , Ketchen Jr. David
Published: October 2021

The resource-based view (RBV) and organizational economics (OE) are influential perspectives in the field of strategic management. In essence, the RBV is concerned with the creation and deployment of resources with certain qualities whereas OE is focused on efficiently monitoring operations. An important area of research where these approaches have both been employed is the choice of grand strategy. Grand strategies are the alternative ways that firms can implement an expansion of firm scope, including for example, joint ventures and internal development. The RBV and OE can, because of their different emphases, lead managers toward different grand strategies. Guided by prior research, this paper develops a model suggesting that firms will generally place their resource needs before monitoring considerations and that this choice brings about the best possible performance. Propositions designed to guide subsequent empirical research are developed and implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
The Role of Business Similarity in Joint Venture Performance
Authors: Hatfield Louise , Pearce II John
Published: October 2021

Business similarity between partners was found to be positively related to joint venture performance. This finding complements two past studies that also found a positive relationship between business similarity and performance. The strength of these findings is amplified by the fact that each of the three studies used a different method of measuring business similarity and employed a different performance measure. The positive relationship between business similarity and performance was strong enough and consistent enough that all three measurement schemes captured the phenomena. This research illustrates that (1) self-assessment by partner firms allows the degree of business similarity to be captured and (2) that self-assessment is more reflective of reality than are traditional, coarse, categorical classification schemes. Business similarity varies in degree, a phenomenon not captured in traditional research which emphasizes a dichotomous choice of similarity (i.e., related or unrelated). This study found key dimensions of business similarity in the joint venture environment to be geographic areas served, supplier base, distribution channels, and forms of advertising and promotion. These dimensions contrast with the traditional business domain items that have been tried in past research, of product technology, manufacturing process, and product purpose.
The Effect of Impression Management Strategies On Earnings Release Announcements
Authors: Sanders D. Elaine , Coelho Jane
Published: October 2021

This study examines the effect of impression management on the reactions ofindividual decision-makers in the presence of positive or negative information.In a stock price prediction task void of impression management, inexperiencedinvestors had a more pessimistic expectation for the future stock price whenunfavorable financial results were presented than when favorable financialresults were presented or when investment experience was present. Predictionswere also consistent with the theory of diminishing marginal sensitivity. Impressionmanagement in the form of management commentary significantly shiftedstock price expectations in the loss domain but did not affect reactions in thedomain of gains. The results were consistent across prior investment experiencefor both the reaction to diminishing marginal sensitivity and impression management.
The Customer As A Productive Resource: A Pilot Study and Strategic Implications
Authors: Claycomb Cindy , Lengnick-Hall Cynthia , Inks Lawrence
Published: October 2021

Service delivery is an interactive process in which customers are often vitalparticipants, with the level of participation varying among individual consumers.Using a service setting (i.e., YMCA), a pilot study examines differences inorganizational socialization of customers and outcomes experienced by customersfor three levels of customer participation. The findings indicate that thereare significant differences in the (a) degree of organizational socializationacross customers and (b) perceptions of service quality for the different levels ofcustomer participation. Specifically, organizational socialization and perceptionsof service quality increase as customers become more active participantsin service delivery. Strategic implications are considered.
Expressing Organizational Dissent: The Role of Ethical Ideology and Corporate Ethical Values
Authors: Valentine Sean , Young Kimberly , Bailey Lorissa , Barhoum Naser , LaBure Stacy , Glover Natasha , Isaac Peter
Published: October 2021

Using a sample of 101 employees from a community-based health care agencyin the southern U.S., we empirically examined the relationships between organizationaldissent and idealism, relativism, and corporate ethical values. Theresults indicated that idealism and dissent were negatively related, relativismand dissent were unrelated, and corporate ethical values and dissent werepositively associated. The findings suggest that both individual and organizationalfactors should be noted when assessing dissent.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Multi-Channel Retailers' Web Sites: The Role of Involvement, Brand Attitude, Internet Knowledge, and Visit Duration
Authors: Balabanis George , Reynolds Nina
Published: October 2021

The study examines how different consumers evaluate online shopping sites set upby bricks-and-mortar retailers. In particular, it examines how differences in consumers' informationprocessing abilities and motivation as well as in their predispositionstowards a site's material affect their attitudes towards that site and theamount of time they spend at the site. The postulated relationships are depicted in theform of a path diagram. The sites assessed were two electronic shopping sitesbelonging to well established casual wear multi-channel retailers. Findings suggestedthat attitudes towards a retailers brand (predisposition) transfers to attitudestowards the retailer's shopping site. The characteristics of the web site werefound to moderate the impact of involvement, Internet knowledge and Internetexperience, on both attitudes towards a site and the visit duration.
Discount Retail Profitability: A Harbinger For E-Commerce?
Authors: Skolnik Richard
Published: October 2021

Expansion of electronic commerce has the potential to increase retail productivity.However, these gains may not translate into enhanced retailer profitability.This study examines profitability of the discount retail industry from 1981-1998,a period during which the industry realized significant productivity gains.Although productivity measures like inventory turnover and sales per employeeincreased during this period, industry profitability did not increase. Instead,consumers benefited from the increased efficiency through paying lower markups.The experience of the discount retail industry may indicate that retailersface a product price treadmill: gains in efficiency result in lower prices ratherthan higher profits. The projected efficiencies of the Internet and the expansionof electronic commerce may portend lower retail profitability but greater savingsfor consumers.
Do Traditional Strategic Concepts Apply In The E-Marketing Context?
Authors: Merrilees Bill
Published: October 2021

This paper explores generic marketing strategies and competitive marketpositioning in the context of the Australian online book industry. The key researchquestion is the extent to which traditional strategic concepts, like competitivemarket position and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA), apply inthe new world of e-marketing. The most important issue that emerges from thestudy is that the tools and concepts that are relevant for offline firms are equallyapplicable for online firms. Different generic strategies call for a differentmarket position and this is borne out in our case study. Special attention is givento the importance of a channel management generic strategy in the e-marketingcontext. Firms contemplating this option need to have a high level of competencyin relationship marketing skills.
A Longitudinal Price Comparison For Music CD's In Electronic and Brick-and-Mortar Markets: Pricing Strategies In Emergent Electronic Commerce
Authors: Lee Zoonky , Gosain Sanjay
Published: October 2021

The Internet has great potential as a medium to reach consumers but we stillneed to improve our understanding of the impact of IT on information asymmetriesgoverning buyer and seller positions. In this study we are primarily interestedin exploring differences in pricing strategies between physical and electronicmarkets, across product categories and over time, and to understand thereasons for these differences. Choosing a homogenous product - music compactdisks, we compare prices, price dispersion and price dynamics on the Internetwith brick-and-mortar retailers. We collected price information for 21 current hitsand 23 old-hits albums from top five nationally-known brick-and-mortarCD retailers and nine on-line stores, and repeated the data collection one yearlater. Overall, 905 data points, 572 from the Internet and 333 from brick-and-mortarretail shops were collected. We find that: 1) The Internet market continuesto show price dispersion despite the apparently near zero search costs forconsumers and the growth of market size; 2) Brick-and-mortar markets executemore consistent and dominant short-term discount strategies for current-hitalbums, and as a result, CD prices for old-hit albums are cheaper in the Internetmarket as was found in other studies, but CD prices for current-hit albums in thephysical markets are comparable to prices in the Internet market, and; 3) Pricedynamics alter over time with Internet retailers offering cheaper prices foralbums and apparently employing more frequent and finer price changes. Theresults suggest that it is important to look at dynamic price behavior and productportfolio issues when trying to characterize pricing strategy in this media. Wepropose that IT's role in segmenting customers to extract greater consumersurplus, as well as differences in consumer base and preferences and seller coststructures and differentiation strategies, need to be carefully examined to explainprice dispersion and dynamic price behavior.
An Interpretive Perspective On The Role of Strategic Control In Triggering Strategic Change
Authors: Julian Scott , Scifres Elton
Published: October 2021

Rapidly changing environments press organizations to respond in an appropriateand timely fashion. Strategic control plays an important role in thisadaptation process through its identification and interpretation of "changetriggers" - critical events in the external environment that mandate anorganization's response. We argue that giving more prominent place to datainterpretation in the strategic control process facilitates the identification offactors that trigger change. We build a conceptual model around a three-stepprocess of scanning/monitoring, data interpretation, and response combinedwith three different levels of strategic control (strategic surveillance, premisemonitoring, and implementation control). The model assists managers by highlightingthe factors that can cause Type II errors (not changing when change isrequired) and provides researchers with directions for future inquiry.
CEO Duality, Board Monitoring, and Acquisition Performance: A Test of Competing Theories
Authors: Desai Ashay , Kroll Mark , Wright Peter
Published: October 2021

Our paper presents an empirical examination of the relationship betweenCEO duality and acquisition performance. Specifically, we address two relatedquestions involving CEO duality under the auspices of agency and stewardshiptheories. The first involves the extent to which CEO duality directly influencesthe profitability of acquisitions. The second involves the influence of duality andthe nature of outside board monitoring on acquisition performance. Our studytests competing hypotheses drawn from these two perspectives. We find thatCEO duality affects performance negatively and there is an important interactioneffect between outside board monitoring and CEO duality.
From End-State Fit To Fitting Dynamic: Implications For Organizational Studies
Authors: Black Janice
Published: October 2021

Austrian economics is a disequilibrium-based understanding of how firmsinteract in markets. Using basic concepts from Austrian economics and themarket dynamics implied from them, this paper presents a dynamic view offitting as one of the implications for organization studies and highlights othercritical areas including entrepreneurship, innovation, information processingand organizational learning and change.
The Impact of Horizontal Strategic Alliances On The U.S. Steel Industry
Authors: Ojode Lucy
Published: October 2021

Despite the popularity of strategic alliances among firms, the public is ambivalentabout the industry impact of horizontal alliances. It is not apparent that thebenefits of alliances to the firm also accrue to the industry. This paper examinedthe U.S. steel industry data from 1977 to 1997 to determine the potential impactsof capability horizontal alliances on industry competitive structure. The resultsare indicative of positive impacts on industry competitiveness (profitability andproductivity) and competitive structure (price competition and declining industryconcentration). A capability hypothesis is offered that posit that horizontal alliancesthat enhance partner firms' capabilities may diffuse critical capabilitiesor 'best practices' within an industry thereby raising the average level of competitivenessin the industry and inducing competitive pressures that can resultin price competition and erode industry concentration.
The Journal of Business Strategies: The First Twenty-Five Years
Authors: Mehta Sanjay , Bumpass Donald
Published: October 2021

The historical publishing pattern of the Journal of Business Strategies (JBS) isexamined. Authors from 171 institutions have written over 262 articles from spring1984 to fall 2008. Contributions to the journal were studied in terms of numbers ofschools represented, number of authors per article, diversity of articles, breakdownof gender of authors, types of citations, and empirical orientation of the articles.Findings indicate that publications in JBS represent a significant scholarly contributionto the field of business strategy. Few differences were detected between JBS andother selected journals. Recommendations to enhance JBS are based on quantitativeand qualitative analysis.
Workers' Migration and Remittances In Bangladesh
Authors: Nath Hiranya , Mamun Khawaja
Published: October 2021

Bangladesh has sent more than 6.7 million workers to over 140 countries duringa period of more than three decades since the mid-1970s. Most of these workerstemporarily migrated to work in Middle East and Southeast Asia. This mass movementof temporary migrant workers has, to some extent, eased unemployment pressureson the over-burdened labor market in this highly populated country. More importantly,the remittance transfers received from these migrant workers have reacheda phenomenal level of over 10 billion US dollars in 2009, approximately 12 percentof GDP in Bangladesh. This paper analyzes the trends and various other aspects ofworkers' migration and remittances in Bangladesh. It further discusses the micro andmacroeconomic impacts of remittances. While most remittance transfers have beenused by migrant-sending households for consumption, there is evidence to show thatthese transfers have helped reduce poverty in Bangladesh. The analysis presentedin this paper further indicates that these remittances may have significant effects onother macroeconomic variables as well.
Welfare Enhancing Collusion In A Service Provision Model
Authors: Moore Evan , Boswell James
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a model of service provision with homogeneous goodsthat allows for welfare comparisons between firms engaged in Cournot-type competitionand joint-profit maximization. An important factor in this analysis is the role ofservice provision on the demand for the product. We find that collusion can be socialwelfare enhancing in a static framework and show that under certain conditions bothconsumers and producers can benefit from collusion; this occurs if the number offirms in the market exceeds roughly 20.4 firms. Additionally, we present a collusiveresult that we have not found elsewhere in the literature.
Pitfalls and Paradoxes: Coping With The Capabilities-Rigidities Dilemma In Whole Networks
Authors: Carter William , Davis Phillip , Herchen Julia , Chandna Vallari
Published: October 2021

Emergent interorganizational forms intent on long-term competitive performanceat the network level are affecting markets and gaining scholarly attention.Whole networks are an example of such organizations. Managerial paradoxes resultfrom these informal, non-hierarchical structures when they seek long-term competitiveadvantage. Applying paradox theory and research on ambidexterity, we concludethat, counter intuitively, formalized governance is necessary to sustain informalcompetitive entity success. Contrary to traditional network theory, social capitalmechanisms and trust are not solely adequate. We examine challenges facing wholenetworks and propose three governance strategies to address them: (1) formalizedgovernance with adequate authority; (2) centralized leadership with decentralizeddecision-making; and (3) provisions for managing membership composition. Wediscuss implications for practitioners and scholars and suggest research paths forvalidating and extending this theory.
Strategic Reorientation In Failing Firms: The CEO Perspective
Authors: Taneja Sonia , Atinc Guclu , Pryor Mildred
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses new CEOs in failing firms and their potential positiveor negative impact in terms of strategic reorientation and organizational survival.Specifically, the authors recognize the need for new CEOs of failing firms to be ableand willing to rapidly make strategic and tactical transformative changes throughtheir decisions and actions. Specific suggestions are made in terms of capabilitiesand experience needed by new CEOs of failing firms in order for them to positivelyimpact the future of their respective organizations.
Real Estate Investment Decisions II: Commercial Office Property Leasing
Authors: Breazeale Jonathan
Published: October 2021

You are an asset manager of City View Office, a publicly traded Real EstateInvestment Trust (REIT) with a portfolio of commercial office properties. Yourleasing agent has just brought you a request for proposal (RFP) from a potential creditworthytenant who wants to lease office space in your Class A property. Your task is todetermine whether or not your firm – the landlord – should enter into the lease.
The Decision To Build A Fence: A Real-Option Problem
Authors: Simmons Garland
Published: October 2021

Real-option methods of Net Present Value (NPV) analysis are applied tounderstand a capital budgeting decision concerning flexibility. The capital budgetingproblem under study here is the decision of whether Spade Ranch (Spade) should builda fence. If this fence is built, then a hay-meadow could be converted into pasture land,which would in turn permit the herd-size of the Spade Ranch to increase. However,this fence building does not require the Spade to take the newly-fenced land out of hayproduction and put it into cattle production. Instead, once the fence is built, the Spadehas the ability to switch land use from hay production to cattle production and viceversa. The decision of whether or not to create this flexibility by fence-building is thecrux of this paper. What is the value of flexibility? If the fence costs less than the valueof this flexibility then we build the fence, otherwise no.For two different scenarios, a linear programming model is employed todefine the relationship of Economic Value Added (EVA) to the question of whetheror not one should produce hay or cattle given that the existence of a fence permits adecision maker to switch back and forth between hay and cattle production. Thesetwo scenarios, each of which work under different pricing assumptions, producedifferent EVA results and different production choices.From this scenario work, the paper moves to the question of NPV. Is thedecision to build a fence a positive NPV investment decision or not? An optionpricing model is used to approach this question. Given a fence that provides for theability to switch back and forth between cattle and hay production, what is the valueof choosing additional cattle production by giving up the additional production ofhay for sale? As it turns out, the question of NPV for an investment that provides afirm more flexibility by switching from the production of one product to another canbe answered. But the answer depends on the volatility of possible rates of return oninvestment for both hay and cattle production, and their correlation with one another.
How to Cope with A Plant Closing
Authors: Chang Semoon
Published: October 2021

Discussed in this paper are approaches through which a community may be ableto ease the adverse impact of a plant closing. These approaches include an activenegotiation with the company in such a way to make the transfer process of displacedworkers less painful, as well as a utilization of the closed plant for other productiveuses. There is no easy or quick way of replacing the closing plant. This paper isintended to provide information that can assist communities in adapting to the closedplant.
The Role of Government Subsidies in Increasing Consumption and Economic Growth in Efforts to Reduce Poverty in Indonesia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Okta Rama Yusi , Harnani Sri
Published: October 2021

This study examines the role of government subsidies in increasing consumption and economic growth in poverty reduction efforts in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from world banks and is processed by regression using the moving average autoregression method. We find that subsidies without empowering the poor in contributing to the economy only increase public consumption without reducing the number of poor people. Where more and more subsidies are given, it increases the number of people living in poverty line with an income below 3.2 USD per day.