bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Contextuality Tests
Authors: Thompson Jayne , Kurzyński Paweł , Lee Su-Yong , Soeda Akihito , Kaszlikowski Dagomir
Published: August 2016

Our everyday experiences support the hypothesis that physical systems exist independently of the act of observation. Concordant theories are characterized by the objective realism assumption whereby the act of measurement simply reveals preexisting well-defined elements of reality. In stark contrast quantum mechanics portrays a world in which reality loses its objectivity and is in fact created by observation. Quantum contextuality as first discovered by Bell [1] and Kochen-Specker [2] captures aspects of this philosophical clash between classical and quantum descriptions of the world. Here we briefly summarize some of the more recent advances in the field of quantum contextuality. We approach quantum contextuality through its close relation to Bell type nonlocal scenarios and highlight some of the rapidly developing tests and experimental implementations.
Application of Non-Kolmogorovian Probability and Quantum Adaptive Dynamics to Unconscious Inference in Visual Perception Process
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Khrennikov Andrei , Ohya Masanori , Tanaka Yoshiharu , Yamato Ichiro
Published: August 2016

Recently a novel quantum information formalism — quantum adaptive dynamics — was developed and applied to modelling of information processing by bio-systems including cognitive phenomena: from molecular biology (glucose-lactose metabolism for E.coli bacteria, epigenetic evolution) to cognition, psychology. From the foundational point of view quantum adaptive dynamics describes mutual adapting of the information states of two interacting systems (physical or biological) as well as adapting of co-observations performed by the systems. In this paper we apply this formalism to model unconscious inference: the process of transition from sensation to perception. The paper combines theory and experiment. Statistical data collected in an experimental study on recognition of a particular ambiguous figure, the Schröder stairs, support the viability of the quantum(-like) model of unconscious inference including modelling of biases generated by rotation-contexts. From the probabilistic point of view, we study (for concrete experimental data) the problem of contextuality of probability, its dependence on experimental contexts. Mathematically contextuality leads to non-Komogorovness: probability distributions generated by various rotation contexts cannot be treated in the Kolmogorovian framework. At the same time they can be embedded in a “big Kolmogorov space” as conditional probabilities. However, such a Kolmogorov space has too complex structure and the operational quantum formalism in the form of quantum adaptive dynamics simplifies the modelling essentially.
GreenWeb: language extensions for energy-efficient mobile web computing
Authors: Zhu Yuhao , Reddi Vijay Janapa
Published: August 2016

Web computing is gradually shifting toward mobile devices, in which the energy budget is severely constrained. As a result, Web developers must be conscious of energy efficiency. However, current Web languages provide developers little control over energy consumption. In this paper, we take a first step toward language-level research to enable energy-efficient Web computing. Our key motivation is that mobile systems can wisely budget energy usage if informed with user quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. To do this, programmers need new abstractions. We propose two language abstractions, QoS type and QoS target, to capture two fundamental aspects of user QoS experience. We then present GreenWeb, a set of language extensions that empower developers to easily express the QoS abstractions as program annotations. As a proof of concept, we develop a GreenWeb runtime, which intelligently determines how to deliver specified user QoS expectation while minimizing energy consumption. Overall, GreenWeb shows significant energy savings (29.2% ∼ 66.0%) over Android’s default Interactive governor with few QoS violations. Our work demonstrates a promising first step toward language innovations for energy-efficient Web computing.
Occurrence typing modulo theories
Authors: Kent Andrew M. , Kempe David , Tobin-Hochstadt Sam
Published: August 2016

We present a new type system combining occurrence typing---a technique previously used to type check programs in dynamically-typed languages such as Racket, Clojure, and JavaScript---with dependent refinement types. We demonstrate that the addition of refinement types allows the integration of arbitrary solver-backed reasoning about logical propositions from external theories. By building on occurrence typing, we can add our enriched type system as a natural extension of Typed Racket, reusing its core while increasing its expressiveness. The result is a well-tested type system with a conservative, decidable core in which types may depend on a small but extensible set of program terms. In addition to describing our design, we present the following: a formal model and proof of correctness; a strategy for integrating new theories, with specific examples including linear arithmetic and bitvectors; and an evaluation in the context of the full Typed Racket implementation. Specifically, we take safe vector operations as a case study, examining all vector accesses in a 56,000 line corpus of Typed Racket programs. Our system is able to prove that 50% of these are safe with no new annotations, and with a few annotations and modifications we capture more than 70%.
The Firm As a Nexus of Organizational Theories: Sociological Perspectives on the Modern Law Firm
Authors: Kluegel Alan James
Published: August 2016

A law firm is an organization staffed, owned, and managed by professionals; as such, law firms sit at the nexus of two distinct strands of academic inquiry: work on the professions and work on organizations. Law firms are governed by distinct rules, perform specialized work, and must integrate professional norms with organizational goals—and thus they present a unique challenge to researchers. This article reviews the organizational literature examining the structure and behavior of corporate law firms, connects this work to the sociological literature on the legal profession, and suggests new ways to combine these approaches and thereby deepen our understanding of the law firm as a unique organizational form.
The New Sociology of Suburbs: A Research Agenda for Analysis of Emerging Trends
Authors: Lacy Karyn
Published: August 2016

The majority of Americans live and work in suburbs, but the social problems arising in these communities are rarely studied by sociologists. Far more scholarly attention is devoted to understanding the distinctive character of urban communities. This review directs attention to three emerging trends affecting the nation's suburbs disproportionately: the suburbanization of poverty, the settlement of post-1965 immigrants in the suburbs, and the impact of reverse migration to the South on black suburbanization. The review provides a critical discussion of the valuable contributions demographers have made to our general understanding of these trends, then it engages the work of ethnographers to assess the processes underlying these outcomes. These emerging trends constitute the basis for a robust research agenda rooted in the sociology of suburbs.
Prevalence of Undernutrition and Its Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age in Bure Town, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Desalegne , Negesse Ayenew , Tsegaye Baye , Assefa Birtukan , Ayenie Birehanu
Published: August 2016

Background. Malnutrition is the major public health problem over the world. Developing countries are highly affected. Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, contribute the highest of all. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among children below five years of age.Methods. Community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 342 study participants. Simple random sampling technique was used to select sampling kebeles and study units. Weight and height were measured using calibrated instruments. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and calculated using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and/or World Health Organization Anthro software with aid of Stat/Transfer.Results. Overall prevalence of undernutrition was 35.5%, of which 85 (24.9%), 38 (11.1%), and 49 (14.3%) were stunting, wasting, and underweight, respectively. Male children were more affected in both severe and moderate nutritional problems compared to female children. The finding showed that 27 (7.9%) had severe stunting, 15 (4.4%) had severe wasting, and 11 (3.2%) had severe underweight, respectively.Conclusion. Undernutrition was high in Bure town among children below five years of age. Male sex, maternal educational status, low household income, preterm babies, absence of antenatal follow-up, diarrhea, and respiratory infections within one-month duration were factors affecting undernutrition.
Mirror Visual Feedback to Improve Bradykinesia in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bonassi Gaia , Pelosin Elisa , Ogliastro Carla , Cerulli Cecilia , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Avanzino Laura
Published: August 2016

Mirror visual feedback (MVF) therapy has been applied to improve upper limb function in stroke. When combined with motor training, MVF improves the performance of the trained and untrained hand by enhancing the excitability of both primary motor cortices (M1s). Bradykinesia is a typical feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by slowness in the execution of movement. This condition is often asymmetrical and possibly supported by a volitional hypoactivation of M1. MVF therapy could tentatively treat bradykinesia since the untrained hand, which benefits from the exercise, is generally more severely impaired in undertaking sequential movements. Aim of the study was to evaluate whether MVF therapy may improve bradykinesia of the more affected hand in PD patients. Twelve PD patients and twelve healthy controls performed for 10 minutes a finger sequence, receiving MVF of the more affected/nondominant hand. Before and after MVF training, participants performed a finger sequence at their spontaneous pace with both hands. M1 excitability was assessed in the trained and untrained hemispheres by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Movement speed increased after MVF training in either hand of both groups. MVF therapy enhanced cortical excitability of M1s in both groups. Our preliminary data support the use of MVF therapy to improve bradykinesia in PD patients.
Pista multiuso da UFSM: do projeto à materialização
Authors: Lautert Alice Rodrigues , Gravina Felipe Segala , Coutinho Letícia de Fátima Durlo , Santos Maurício Picetti dos , Polli Paula Gabbi , Alberton Josicler Orbem , Pippi Luis Guilherme Aita
Published: August 2016

Esse artigo apresenta o projeto da Pista Multiuso para o Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), desde sua fundamentação teórica, conceituação, espacialização num anteprojeto paisagístico e etapas futuras. O projeto da pista foi elaborado em 2014, mesmo ano em que as obras de execução começaram. Desde então, a equipe de pesquisa do Laboratório de Paisagismo e Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (PARQ – UFSM) tem acompanhado os resultados, proposto metodologias de análise pós-ocupação e se concentrado no lançamento das próximas etapas da obra. O principal objetivo do projeto é promover mobilidade alternativa e valorização do campus universitário como um parque setorial em escala urbana. O presente artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento da proposta e visa à divulgação do conceito de espaço compartilhado, a fim de que tal modelo possa ser replicado em outros espaços livres para incentivar a mobilidade alternativa.
“Because It is Our Fate”
Authors: Prusinski Ellen
Published: August 2016

Despite the well-publicised risks, millions of Indonesian women labour abroad as domestic workers, where they face significant risks. By offering community education and current information on migration, Indonesian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) attempt to mitigate these risks. Yet, interviews with migrant workers and NGOs reveal that rather than seeking out migration information from government or NGO sources, women instead rely on fate and the information they receive from the middlemen who are paid to recruit women for work abroad. This paper, which is based on ten months of fieldwork in Java, focuses on the centrality of fate in women’s migration narratives. This paper examines how women’s belief in fate helps them explain their position in the migration industry and their ability to control the outcomes of their migration decisions. In addition, this paper analyses why migration authorities take up the language of fate and the challenges this presents to education and activist projects.
State-Led Innovation Partnerships
Authors: Pan Zhengqi
Published: August 2016

Why do Asian developmental states form partnerships with businesses? How and under what conditions do state–business partnerships evolve when a developmental state moves up the global value chain (GVC)? This paper argues that as Asian developmental states move up the GVC, they will engage in more intensive partnerships with businesses to spur innovation. Moreover, using the triple helix model of innovation in the business literature, Asian states high on the value chain will move away from a simple bilateral state–business relation to a trilateral state–business–university relation, leveraging talent in universities to drive innovation. Based on comparative case analysis of six Asian economies, the advanced economies not only show strong state–business relations, but also have tight triadic state–business–university closures. On the other hand, emerging Asian economies exhibit premature triple helix configurations. By contrasting a variety of cases, this paper provides insights to the heterogeneity of state-led innovation partnerships in Asia.
Ways of Abstraction
Authors: Lupacchini Rossella
Published: August 2016

The invention of “artificial perspective” revealed the ideal character of Euclidean geometry already in the Renaissance Europe of the fifteenth century. To the extent to which it made painting a “science” relying on mathematical rules, it made mathematics an “art” independent of the “geometry of nature.” It was the artistic vision emerging from perspective drawing that paved the way for scientific abstraction. However, it was only in the nineteenth century that the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry compelled mathematics to ponder the visual evidence of its principles and the reliability of its abstract concepts. At that time, it was the mathematical vision that first championed the rights of ideal forms to a higher level of abstraction and, therefore, oriented science and art towards new representational spaces.
The Physics of Belief and the Beautiful Brain
Authors: Silk Anne
Published: August 2016

The interplay between the human brain and the environment is both dynamic and mysterious. For millennia phenomena have been experienced and observed by our ancestors of all cultures. But in the present Anthropocene age for human beings, many scientists still dismiss phenomena as “anecdotal” and not worthy of study. Beware the reductive power of science and research – good science advances on the wings of hypotheses. Genetics has loaded the gun but our environment pulls the trigger. There are no unnatural or supernatural phenomena – there are only very large gaps in our knowledge of what is natural. Thus the many bountiful phenomena which are covered in five domains of this paper have natural explanations – in physics and geophysics – in the slow brainwaves of human beings capable of entrainment – the waves of Natural systems – in action at a distance – in the piezo-electric signals generated by the crystals surrounding the pineal gland and our dna – itself a Fractal antenna. As the Roman Senator Seneca wrote “The language of truth is simple.”
The Limits to Knowledge
Authors: Johnson Michael
Published: August 2016

What is knowledge and what, if any, are its limits? In this essay I present a scientist’s view of our limits to knowledge, which come in many forms. Limits are set by our imagination and cultural backgrounds, by our technology, and by some of the laws of physics themselves. Science creates knowledge about the world through making models and measurement; and understanding the limits of our measurements is a central tenet of physics. Within physics, the calculation of these limits is generally harder than the measurements themselves, and within other disciplines it can be very difficult indeed. But measurements can only be made within the context of a model, and choosing between competing models can be very contentious. When competing models predict the same outcomes a further principle is required – Occam’s razor.
Which is the Best Model of the Universe?
Authors: Sahlén Martin
Published: August 2016

Modern scientific cosmology pushes the boundaries of knowledge and the knowable. This is prompting questions on the nature of scientific knowledge, and the emergence of the new field “Philosophy of Cosmology.” One central issue is what defines a “good” model. I discuss how “good” models are conventionally chosen, and how those methods operate in data-sparse situations: enabling the implicit introduction of value judgments, which can determine inference and lead to inferential polarization, e.g., on the question of ultimate explanation. Additional dimensions for comparing models are needed. A three-legged comparison is proposed: evidence, elegance and beneficence. This explicitly considers the categories of criteria that are always at least implicitly used. A tentative path to an implementation of the proposed model comparison framework is presented. This extends the Bayesian statistical framework. Model comparison methodology is fertile ground for dialogue between the sciences and the humanities. The proposed framework might facilitate such a dialogue.
The National Earth System Prediction Capability: Coordinating the Giant
Authors: Carman Jessie C. , Eleuterio Daniel P. , Gallaudet Timothy C. , Geernaert Gerald L. , Harr Patrick A. , Kaye Jack A. , McCarren David H. , McLean Craig N. , Sandgathe Scott A. , Toepfer Frederick , Uccellini Louis W.
Published: August 2016

The United States has had three operational numerical weather prediction centers since the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit was closed in 1958. This led to separate paths for U.S. numerical weather prediction, research, technology, and operations, resulting in multiple community calls for better coordination. Since 2006, the three operational organizations—the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy, and the National Weather Service—and, more recently, the Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, have been working to increase coordination. This increasingly successful effort has resulted in the establishment of a National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC) office with responsibility to further interagency coordination and collaboration. It has also resulted in sharing of data through an operational global ensemble, common software standards, and model components among the agencies. This article discusses the drivers, the progress, and the future of interagency collaboration.
Prospects for the UK economy
Authors: Kirby Simon , Carreras Oriol , Meaning Jack , Piggott Rebecca , Warren James
Published: August 2016

The production of this forecast is supported by the Institute's Corporate Members: Bank of England, HM Treasury, Mizuho Research Institute Ltd, Office for National Statistics, Santander (UK) plc and by the members of the NiGEM users group.
Paternalismv. autonomy – are we barking up the wrong tree?
Authors: Lepping Peter , Palmstierna Tom , Raveesh Bevinahalli N.
Published: August 2016

We explore whether we can reduce paternalism by increasing patient autonomy. We argue that autonomy should not have any automatic priority over other ethical values. Thus, balancing autonomyv.other ethical pillars and finding the optimal balance between the patient's wishes and those of other relevant stakeholders such as the patient's family has to be dynamic over time.
Patients or prisoners? Time to reconsider the voting rights of mentally disordered offenders
Authors: Rees Gareth , Reed James
Published: August 2016

Although the Representation of the People Act 2000 permits most psychiatric in-patients to register on the electoral register, transferred prisoners and those admitted to hospital under hospital orders remain disenfranchised by law. This article clarifies the voting rights of individuals receiving in-patient psychiatric care and contends that the selective disenfranchisement of some mentally disordered offenders is problematic, discriminatory and may breach international human rights law. There are therefore strong arguments for the UK government to address this long-standing inequality before the next general election.
A multidimensional Framework for Routine Outcome Measurement in Liaison Psychiatry (FROM-LP)
Authors: Trigwell Peter , Kustow James
Published: August 2016

In the field of liaison psychiatry, as in all areas of healthcare, there is an essential need for well-organised and consistent collection of information on outcomes, from a range of perspectives. This special article introduces, and describes the development of, the multidimensional Framework for Routine Outcome Measurement in Liaison Psychiatry (FROM-LP). This was challenging owing to the variety of service settings and types of intervention which characterise liaison psychiatry. Similar challenges may be faced by other specialties and this, along with the direct relevance of much of the eventual content of the framework, will broaden the interest of this article.
It is time to bring borderline intellectual functioning back into the main fold of classification systems
Authors: Wieland Jannelien , Zitman Frans G.
Published: August 2016

Borderline intellectual functioning is an important and frequently unrecognised comorbid condition relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of any and all psychiatric disorders. In the DSM-IV-TR, it is defined by IQ in the 71–84 range. In DSM–5, IQ boundaries are no longer part of the classification, leaving the concept without a clear definition. This modification is one of the least highlighted changes in DSM–5. In this article we describe the history of the classification of borderline intellectual functioning. We provide information about it and on the importance of placing it in the right context and in the right place in future DSM editions and other classification systems such as the International Classification of Diseases.
Service and treatment engagement of people with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis
Authors: Lam Chun Chiang Sin Fai , Reeves Suzanne J. , Stewart Robert , Howard Robert
Published: August 2016

Aims and method

Electronic patient records were used to investigate the level of engagement and treatment that patients with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) had with mental health services.

Results

Of 131 patients assessed and diagnosed, 63 (48%) were taking antipsychotic treatment at 3 months, 46 (35%) at 6 months and 36 (27%) at 12 months. At discharge from mental health services, 54% of patients had failed to engage with services or became lost to follow-up, 18% had engaged with services but were not taking antipsychotic medication and only 28% were taking treatment.

Clinical implications

Results showed that less than half of the patients with VLOSLP were commenced on antipsychotic treatment and less than a third remained on treatment at 1 year or at point of discharge. This highlights the need for services to consider being more assertive in taking potentially effective treatment to this patient group.
Provincializing Indian History
Authors: Shaikh Juned
Published: August 2016

In The Calling of History Dipesh Chakrabarty develops themes he explored in his iconic book Provincializing Europe. That book was passionate and playful, radical and frustrating at the same time, because the promise of decentering Europe was tempered by the realization that it was indispensable to our thought and life worlds. In The Calling of History, it is Europe in general and Rankean positivist history in particular that are rendered indispensable to the formation of the discipline of history in India. Positivist history, or scientific history, captured the imagination of Indian historians in late colonial India and engendered a set of practices—like archiving and the valence of particular types of evidence—that continues to shape the field. Scientific history was a contagious idea, and its life in India is full of paradoxes. Various types of histories—national, parochial, communitarian, and hagiographical—are written in its name.
The use of collagen matrix (Ologen) as a patch graft in glaucoma tube shunt surgery, a retrospective chart review
Authors: Stephens John D. , Sarkisian, Jr. Steven R.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of collagen matrix as a patch graft in glaucoma drainage surgery. Collagen matrix grafts may be advantageous because they do not need to be harvested from human donors.

Methods: An institutional, retrospective review of 43 patients with at least 12 months follow-up status post-glaucoma drainage implant surgery were evaluated for signs of tube erosion after initial placement of collagen matrix patch graft.

Results: Forty-one of 43 eyes (95.3%) required no intervention for patch graft melting with tube erosion. Average time of follow-up was 32 months (range: 12-45). Two cases had tube erosion at 4 months and 26 months post-op requiring tube revision, which was successfully revised with conjunctiva (4 month erosion) and donor sclera (26 month erosion).

Conclusion:  Our results suggest that collagen matrix patch grafts may be used successfully as a patch graft in glaucoma tube shunt surgery, and may be advantageous because they do not have to be harvested from human donors. It is possible that exposure rates may be higher after longer follow-up and with larger numbers of patients. Further research is needed to compare Ologen to traditional graft materials to conclusively determine the safety and efficacy of collagen matrix as a novel patch graft material.
A review of torque ripple reducing methods based on mathematical simulation
Authors: Karnaukhov Nikolay F , Filimonov Maxim N. , Statovoy Dmitry A , Lykov Anton S
Published: August 2016

The subject of this investigation is the methods of switched reluctance motors controlling. The study objective is to review the existing methods of reducing shaft electromagnetic torque ripple in the switched reluctance motors. A comparative analysis of the existing approaches to valve drives control systems development is used to classify the electromagnetic torque control methods. The study results can be used when selecting the drive control method providing a balance between the complexity of the control system implementation and its effectiveness. On the basis of the comparative analysis, the conclusions on the neural network torque control systems effectiveness with offline learning are made; the control system enhancement using co-energy magnetic drive system as well as the inclusion of the residual magnetization material effects in the model is marked. It is noted that the existing systems aligning the magnetization of the actuator materials reduce the average torque for the work cycle.
Frailty: a term with many meanings and a growing priority for community nurses
Authors: Wallington Sophie Louise
Published: August 2016

The question of exactly what frailty is and what that may mean for patients is extremely complex. This is a very conceptual problem requiring a broad and long-term solution. It is not a disease or a condition that can be treated in isolation. Frailty is a collection of contributing factors that culminate in an individual being susceptible to poorer outcomes following health-care interventions and minor illness. The solution to such a complex problem lies in engaging and empowering staff to understand and champion frailty. Once better understood, it will be possible to educate and enable this workforce to recognise the signs of frailty, poor prognosis and patients requiring more specialised palliative care. Informing staff working within a health-care economy of this issue must be the first step in a shift towards managing patients with frailty more appropriately, and streaming their care towards the correct care pathways sooner. This article discusses what frailty is, what it may mean for patients, and attempts to expand on why the construct of frailty is a prevalent issue for community nurses. The link between frailty and mortality is discussed and how targeted appropriate advanced care planning may be used to address this demographic challenge.
Osteoarthritis in brief. Part 1: aetiology, pathogenesis, pain and diagnosis
Authors: Woods Sam
Published: August 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition affecting up to 20% of canine and 60% of feline patients. While diagnosis is fairly straightforward, the aetiology behind the disease process, and therefore the treatment strategies, is not. Multimodal management is the mainstay of controlling clinical signs and ensuring patient comfort, however this involves potentially long-term pharmacological and dietary control, and requires significant client compliance. Research into disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies is ongoing but evidence, especially relating to many therapies and nutritional supplements, is currently lacking. Genetic research continues, as does that into mesenchymal stem cell therapy and cartilage repair and regeneration, but clinical ‘cure’ remains a distant objective. This series of two articles aims to briefly cover the basic concepts relating to OA and its management, and some new treatment strategies will be discussed. The hope is that by presenting the basic facts and concepts, the reader will be able to build on this knowledge and approach the case of the osteoarthritic animal in a well-considered manner.
An update on feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Saunders Samantha
Published: August 2016

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Most FCoV-infected cats show only mild clinical signs, but in 5–12%, FIP develops. Pathogenesis is believed to involve mutation of the virus within the cat to a virulent, FIP-causing form, but the exact mutations required are not known and other factors, including host immune response, are also implicated. Validation of established techniques and advances in novel techniques have improved the toolkit with which clinicians can diagnose FIP, though diagnosis can still be challenging and test results must be interpreted in the context of signalment, history and clinical signs. Exciting potential treatments have emerged recently, but some have not withstood the rigours of robust clinical trials and the remainder are yet to undergo this level of scrutiny. Though attempts to identify the genetic basis for FIP resistance have implicated numerous genes, the importance of any single gene in the complex pathogenesis of FIP has been questioned.
Teaching and learning preferences of ‘Generation Y’ occupational therapy students in practice education
Authors: Hills Caroline , Levett-Jones Tracy , Warren-Forward Helen , Lapkin Samuel
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims:

Practice education is integral to health professional curricula. There is emerging evidence that student generational attributes may be impacting on practice education. Students born between 1982 and 2000, termed ‘Generation Y’, are said to have a different outlook on learning to those students from other generational groups. However, there is little research from student perspectives to investigate these claims. This study aimed to identify ‘Generation Y’ occupational therapy students' preferred teaching and learning approaches in practice education.

Methods:

Using a qualitative descriptive approach and purposive sampling, 22 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with third and fourth year ‘Generation Y’ occupational therapy students from one Australian university. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.

Findings:

Four themes emerged from the data: developing practice skills and confidence; essential communication; valued educational approaches; and the supervisory relationship and the team.

Conclusion:

Findings relate to ‘Generation Y’ characteristics. Practice educators may need to consider that these students have unique learning preferences. Students prefer ‘doing’ to observing, they want to be given clear expectations and responsibility for their own work tasks, they want to work in a team, they prefer to self-evaluate prior to feedback and access to the internet is essential for their learning.
Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Hausa version of the Neck Disability Index questionnaire
Authors: Kaka Bashir , O Ogwumike Omoyemi , Vernon Howard , F Adeniyi Ade , O Ogunlade Samuel
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims:

The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt initiated psychometric tests of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire into Hausa language. The prevalence of neck conditions among Hausa patients in Northern Nigeria necessitates the use of the NDI questionnaire. The fact that there was no Hausa version of this instrument has limited its use, hence there is a need for its translation into the Hausa language.

Methods:

The English version of the NDI questionnaire was translated into Hausa language through a forward and backward translation process. Sixty-two patients were selected for validation of the questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. The original English version (NDI) and the Hausa version (NDI-H) were administered to the patients and re-administered within the space of one week to ensure validation. Psychometric testing was done to ascertain reliability and construct validity.

Findings:

The Hausa version of the NDI showed good internal consistency (α= 0.741) and test-retest reliability of r=0.84, p< 0.05. The responsiveness analysis revealed a significant relationship (r = 0.47, p=0.01). Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor 10 items structure which explained the variance of 49.7%.

Conclusions:

The NDI was successfully translated into Hausa language and validated with good psychometric properties.
Fanning the flames
Authors: Davis John
Published: August 2016

Explore the science and history of fire. Use these activities to make connections between fire and festivals of light, myths and legends, fire safety and more.
Greater inadvertent muscle damage in direct anterior approach when compared with the direct superior approach for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Amanatullah D. F. , Masini M. A. , Roger D. J. , Pagnano M. W.
Published: August 2016

Aims

We wished to quantify the extent of soft-tissue damage sustained during minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior (DA) and direct superior (DS) approaches.

Materials and Methods

In eight cadavers, the DA approach was performed on one side, and the DS approach on the other, a single brand of uncemented hip prosthesis was implanted by two surgeons, considered expert in their surgical approaches. Subsequent reflection of the gluteus maximus allowed the extent of muscle and tendon damage to be measured and the percentage damage to each anatomical structure to be calculated.

Results

The DA approach caused substantially greater damage to the gluteus minimus muscle and tendon when compared with the DS approach (t-test, p = 0.049 and 0.003, respectively). The tensor fascia lata and rectus femoris muscles were damaged only in the DA approach. There was no difference in the amount of damage to the gluteus medius muscle and tendon, piriformis tendon, obturator internus tendon, obturator externus tendon or quadratus femoris muscle between approaches. The posterior soft-tissue releases of the DA approach damaged the gluteus minimus muscle and tendon, piriformis tendon and obturator internus tendon.

Conclusion

The DS approach caused less soft-tissue damage than the DA approach. However the clinical relevance is unknown. Further clinical outcome studies, radiographic evaluation of component position, gait analyses and serum biomarker levels are necessary to evaluate and corroborate the safety and efficacy of the DS approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B1036–42.
Antibiotic-loaded bone void filler accelerates healing in a femoral condylar rat model
Authors: Shiels S. M. , Cobb R. R. , Bedigrew K. M. , Ritter G. , Kirk J. F. , Kimbler A. , Finger Baker I. , Wenke J. C.
Published: August 2016

Aims

Demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is rarely used for the local delivery of prophylactic antibiotics. Our aim, in this study, was to show that a graft with a bioactive glass and DBM combination, which is currently available for clinical use, can be loaded with tobramycin and release levels of antibiotic greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus without interfering with the bone healing properties of the graft, thus protecting the graft and surrounding tissues from infection.

Materials and Methods

Antibiotic was loaded into a graft and subsequently evaluated for drug elution kinetics and the inhibition of bacterial growth. A rat femoral condylar plug model was used to determine the effect of the graft, loaded with antibiotic, on bone healing.

Results

We found that tobramycin loaded into a graft composed of bioglass and DBM eluted antibiotic above the minimum inhibitory concentration for three days in vitro. It was also found that the antibiotic loaded into the graft produced no adverse effects on the bone healing properties of the DBM at a lower level of antibiotic.

Conclusion

This antibiotic-loaded bone void filler may represent a promising option for the delivery of local antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1126–31.
Report from the "What Is Open?" Workgroup
Authors: Anderson Rick , Denbo Seth , Graves Diane , Haigh Susan , Hill Steven , Kalfatovic Martin , Kaufman Roy , Murray-Rust Catherine , Shearer Kathleen , Wilder Dick , Wise Alice
Published: August 2016

The scholarly community’s current definition of “open” captures only some of the attributes of openness that exist across different publishing models and content types. Open is not an end in itself, but a means for achieving the most effective dissemination of scholarship and research. We suggest that the different attributes of open exist along a broad spectrum and propose an alternative way of describing and evaluating openness based on four attributes: discoverable, accessible, reusable, and transparent. These four attributes of openness, taken together, form the draft “DART Framework for Open Access.” This framework can be applied to both research artifacts as well as research processes. We welcome input from the broader scholarly community about this framework.OSI2016 workgroup questionThere is a broad difference of opinion among the many stakeholders in scholarly publishing about how to precisely define open access publishing. Are “open access” and “open data” what we mean by open? Does “open” mean anything else? Does it mean “to make available,” or “to make freely available in a particular format?” Is a clearer definition needed (or maybe just better education on the current definition)? Why or why not? At present, some stakeholders see public access as being an acceptable stopping point in the move toward open access. Others see “open” as requiring free and immediate access with articles being available in CC-BY format. The range of opinions between these extremes is vast. How should these differences be decided? Who should decide? Is it possible to make binding recommendations (and how)? Is consensus necessary? What are the consequences of the lack of consensus?
Surface Modification of Smectite Clays Via Ion-Dipole Bonding
Authors: Beall Gary W.
Published: August 2016

Smectite clays have been modified with organic onium ions for more than 60 y and are important in a diverse range of industries including oil-well drilling, paint, grease, ink, cosmetics, environmental clean-up, polymer nanocomposites, and pharmaceuticals. The number of commercially available onium ions limits the variety of surface modifications that can be made. A substantial amount of research has been conducted on other methods of organic modification of smectite clays in order to remedy this situation. One method that has seen increased attention is the use of ion-dipole-bonding of organic molecules, oligomers, or polymers to the exchangeable cation on the clay surface. Utilizing this method, a unique class of surface-modified clays can be produced. In some cases self-assembly of certain organic molecules has been discovered in which the molecules form rigid posts around each cation on the surface. The intercalation/exfoliation behavior of smectite clays modified via ion-dipole bonding utilizing various small organic molecules and selected polar polymers is discussed here. The types of organic molecules that can be utilized to surface modify smectites is discussed in detail as are the characteristics of the complexes that are formed.
[Recensão a] CARVALHO, ARMANDO SILVA (2015). A sombra do mar
Authors: Peixinho Ana Teresa
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_14
A Vénia ao Mar
Authors: Correia Hélia
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_8
REDUCTION OF THE RISK IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BY USING DESIGN-BUILD AS A MEANS FOR SUITABLE CONSTRUCTING
Authors: Blaťák Jakub
Published: August 2016

Suitable and sustainable buildings have increased demands for design and for the transfer of design requirements to realization. That causes an increase of risk connected with the differences between planned and real parameters of the buildings. This article will outline the main theme comparison between DBB and DB projects concerning contractor’s risk management level. This comparative analysis explains, using the RIPRAN method, the hidden risks in each type of delivery method. The comparison identifies numerous contractual topics and risks included in both and gives deeper insight into risk management, both for the contracting party and also for public procurement. Applying risk analysis strategies and tools to the process will help decision-makers evaluate and select the suitable delivery method consistently and defensibly. This paper gives generic risk factors related to both project types. The results indicate risk factors with influence on the price, probability of occurrence and unfavourable impact on the project and help allocate risk level more properly in accordance with its high, middle or low probable impact. Public investment is a significant part of the public budget, the application of design-build can help with the reduction of corruption, and the public sector can benefit from the usage of DB projects to help eliminate the mistakes made by contracting authorities.
Valoración escénica de paisaje periurbano con utilidad en planeamiento territorial. Estudio de caso en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Serrano Giné David
Published: August 2016

Los márgenes de ciudades configuran paisajes complejos, de transición entre lo rural, lo natural y lo urbano, con límites difusos y en mutua interdependencia. El Convenio europeo del paisaje concede gran importancia a los paisajes cotidianos, entre los que se encuentran los de carácter periurbano. Existe un número limitado de experiencias de valoración estética en paisajes periurbanos, hecho que sorprende teniendo en cuenta la abundancia e importancia de los mismos. La investigación que presentamos se basa en una metodología, centrada en el uso de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), apropiada para valorar estéticamente dichas áreas, y con utilidad en planeamiento territorial. Su principal interés radica en ofrecer una doble valoración, según calidad y fragilidad del paisaje, y en su elevada sistematicidad. El procedimiento se aplica en Muntanyes d’Ordal, en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (España), un área de fuertes tensiones territoriales y valores paisajísticos contrastados. Los resultados obtenidos son de gran aplicabilidad e indican un predominio de los valores medios, tanto de calidad como de fragilidad del paisaje.
Los Atlas de Riesgo municipales en México como instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial
Authors: Ruiz Rivera Naxhelli , Casado Izquierdo José María , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa
Published: August 2016

Los Atlas de Riesgos municipales constituyen uno de los instrumentos que el gobierno mexicano ha privilegiado en los últimos años, con la finalidad de apoyar el ordenamiento de los asentamientos humanos en México. Este artículo recupera los principales antecedents conceptuales, metodológicos, institucionales y legales de estos productos cartográficos, y analiza sus alcances y limitaciones reales en cuanto instrumentos de regulación de usos de suelo y gestión de riesgo en el caso mexicano. Para ello, utiliza los conceptos de juridificación, cumplimiento de marcos normativos (enforcement) y gestión multi-escalar, con el objeto de analizar las condiciones en las que estos atlas surgen como dispositivos jurídicos en el contexto de una descentralización parcial del ordenamiento territorial y la protección civil, así como la distancia que los separa de los efectos territoriales esperados de ellos. El artículo sustenta las razones para la relativa inoperancia de los atlas en el contexto de los gobiernos municipales; entre estas razones destacan la indefinición en el marco legal sobre su contenido y uso; la falta de claridad sobre las instancias responsables de su implementación, y la carencia de sanciones que conlleva su incumplimiento en la mayoría de las legislaciones estatales.
Experiencias de investigación geográfica en el estudio de la pesca comercial ribereña en las áreas naturales protegidas de Baja California Sur (México)
Authors: Crespo-Guerrero José Manuel
Published: August 2016

Cuando el geógrafo comienza a investigar un tema por primera vez, un torbellino de ideas barre su cabeza. Es una etapa de ansiedad en donde se plantea cómo encontrar la hebra con la que empezar a tejer. Pretendemos mostrar aquí cómo nos organizamos para el estudio de la pesca comercial ribereña practicada en las áreas naturales protegidas del estado de Baja California Sur (BCS). El trabajo de campo tiene como base la obtención de información, fruto de la interacción entre el geógrafo y la fuente. El conocimiento es el primer producto de la experiencia propia y ajena. Las fuentes de información se emplazan en espacios diversos. Unas veces se localizan en archivos, bibliotecas, hemerotecas… en forma de legajos, monografías o publicaciones periódicas. Otras, en instituciones que recopilan información actualizada de naturaleza heterogénea (estadística, cartográfica, legal, iconográfica, etc.).
A literatura galega nas gramáticas do século XIX
Authors: López Teresa
Published: August 2016

Este traballo analiza pormenorizadamente a presenza da literatura nas gramáticas de Francisco Mirás (1864), Juan Cuveiro Piñol (1868), José Antonio Saco Arce (1868) e Marcial Valladares (1892, editada en 1970), con atención ao discurso sobre a literatura, ao uso de citas literarias e ás coleccións de textos. A análise das citas literarias permite concluír que a produción literaria contemporánea –fundamentalmente poética– non é utilizada para autorizar as propostas gramaticais senón para ser obxecto de censura ou comentario crítico, ocupando o espazo de autoridade a poesía popular como representación da lingua oral. As coleccións de textos, en espazos diferenciados e separados da descrición gramatical, servirán como elemento de lexitimación da reivindicación lingüística e identitaria e contribuirán para o proceso de canonización literaria.