bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da relação entre valor de mercado e divulgação do relatório de sustentabilidade: um estudo nas empresas de alto potencial poluidor listadas na B3
Authors: Rodrigues da Silveira Alves Marina Alves , Alves de Macena Araújo Risolene , Da Silva Santos Lívia Maria
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre valor de mercado das empresas de alto potencial poluidor listadas na B3 e a divulgação voluntária do relatório de sustentabilidade. A amostra da pesquisa é formada por 37 companhias de capital aberto com ações negociadas na B3, e pertencentes aos setores de alto potencial poluidor, segundo a Lei nº 10.165/2000. Para alcançar o objetivo desta pesquisa, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para examinar a divulgação voluntária do relatório de sustentabilidade (DIVRS), no período de 2012 a 2016, bem como a aplicação de regressão múltipla. O resultado não apresentou significância estatística entre a variável independente (DIVRS) e o valor de mercado das empresas, bem como um sinal negativo do coeficiente, ou seja, apresentou relação indireta entre essas variáveis. Sendo assim, houve a rejeição da hipótese de pesquisa (H1: O valor de mercado das empresas de alto potencial poluidor listadas na B3 esta positivamente relacionada com a divulgação voluntária do relatório de sustentabilidade.). Tal resultado contraria a premissa que o fato da empresa divulgar o relatório de sustentabilidade exerceria influência positiva no valor de mercado das empresas. No tocante às demais variáveis (ENDIV, RENT, CRES), elas foram significantes, sendo o endividamento (ENDIV) refletido de forma positiva, enquanto que a rentabilidade (RENT) e crescimento da empresa (CRES), refletidas de forma negativa sobre o valor de mercado; a variável tamanho (TAM) não apresentou significância estatística; e a variável ISE foram omitidas do modelo econométrico por se tratarem de dummies fixas ao longo do painel.
Licitações e compras públicas sustentáveis – evolução do conceito e aplicação no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Madeira Jéssica Maria Cavalheiro , Nascimento José Orcélio do , Zittei Marcus Vinicius Moreira , Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de
Published: August 2019

A consciência da finitude dos recursos naturais impulsionou importantes mudanças de comportamentos das pessoas e das empresas com as questões ambientais e trouxe reflexos também para o setor público, que passou a entender a importância do desenvolvimento sustentável como um sistema, integrando ambiente, economia e sociedade. Neste contexto, existe um forte movimento para estimular as licitações e compras públicas sustentáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar se alguns órgãos públicos do Estado de São Paulo têm elaborado editais de compras públicas adequados às regras de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa pode ser definida como exploratória e descritiva, no tocante aos objetivos, pois realizada através da análise de dados divulgados por órgãos públicos, que proporcionaram a coleta de dados de base qualitativa, sendo que, com relação aos procedimentos adotados, trata-se de uma pesquisa documental. Para a análise foi considerada a aplicação do Decreto Estadual nº 59.038/2013, que instituiu o “Programa Paulista de Biocombustíveis”. Apurou-se que os órgãos estaduais paulistas estão afinados com as determinações legais, porém não há, em grande parte dos editais, preocupação em mencionar expressamente a norma, gerando certa dúvida a respeito da real vinculação dos órgãos com a ideia inicial de utilizar as compras públicas como instrumento para fomentar a transformação de cultura dos mercados produtores e fornecedores.
Assessment of Selected Landrace and Improved Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes under Stressed and Non-stressed Conditions
Authors: Oppong-Sekyere D. , Yintii B. B. , Akolgo L. A.
Published: August 2019

Drought is one of the most essential and critical abiotic restraints to groundnut production and yields in the Northern Region of Ghana. A field experiment was conducted to assess selected landrace and improved groundnut genotypes for agronomic performance in the 2017 and 2018 minor seasons. Groundnut genotypes were treated under normal irrigation (W/W) and water-stressed (W/S) conditions. A Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was adopted. Total experimental area was 23.4m x 2.4 m with a planting distance of 40 cm x 20 cm for both environments. Data collected include; days to 50% emergence and flowering, plant height at maturity (cm), growth appearance, days to maturity, number of pods/plot, number of seeds/plot, pod weight (g), seed weight (g), fresh and dry biomass weights (g), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading at 60 and 80 days after planting, harvest index (HI) and drought tolerance index (DTI). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenStat, version 12.0, Exploratory Analysis, descriptive Statistics (mean comparison of plant characteristics by varieties at 5% level using Tukey’s groups) was conducted; Correlation Analysis and Multivariate Analyses were performed using the Wilk’s Lambda to test for significant difference at 5% and 1% levels respectively. Means were separated using S.E.D. of means at 95% confidence level. Results from the growth features indicated a higher percentage of the groundnut varieties sprouted earlier under well-watered conditions. There was no significant difference among the groundnuts regarding the numbers of days to flowering. The groundnuts took approximately 104 days after planting to mature under both water conditions. Chlorophyll content and distribution in the groundnut leaves was high the well-watered plants. The chlorophyll content among the groundnut crops showed no significant difference between the chlorophyll content at 60-days after planting and 80-days after planting under the water-stressed condition. However, chlorophyll content of leaves at the 60-days after planting was 2.94 lower than that under 80 days after planting. Maturity and flowering (0.768), as well as plant height and seed yield (0.501) were highly significantly and highly positively correlated. The seed characteristics were also highly, significantly and positively correlated with the pod characteristics of the crop. The biomass measure also correlated with the pod and seed traits. Groundnuts genotypes under well-watered environment generally performed better in terms of yield than those under water-stressed environment.
Variability and Functionalities of Salts Used in Traditional African Food Preparations
Authors: Ngoualem Franklin K. , Nguimbou Richard M. , Ndjouenkeu Robert
Published: August 2019

Aims: Determine the variability and usages of Traditional Alkaline Salts (TAS) used in Africa, specifically in Cameroon.

Place and Duration of the Study: This study was done in different agro-ecological areas of Cameroon between January and August 2015.

Methodology: Individual interviews of women (204) found in markets of different Agro-ecological areas of Cameroon (Sudano-sahelian, high Guinea savannah, Western highlands and Humid forest) by using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Traditional Alkaline Salts used in Cameroon are rocks (Lakes’ deposits) and plant-based salts (plant-based ashes, their solutions, their filtrates and evaporites of these filtrates). They are mainly used in food preparations, but also as drugs (rocks only). They are used in food preparations as technological auxiliary (preservatives, emulsifiers, taste improvers, color improvers/maintainers, texture improvers/modifiers) and for biological functionalities (avoidance of stomach distending and stomach cleaning of breastfeeding women).

Conclusion: Diversity of TAS, their functionalities, frequency and level of use, raise up research issues on their chemical composition, the mechanism involved in their properties, their stability and their toxicology risk.
Software Reliability Assurance in Practice
Authors: Mijumbi Rashid , Okumoto Kazu , Asthana Abhaya
Published: August 2019

The increasing importance and complexity of software in communications systems necessitates an evolution in software reliability assurance practices. In this article, we discuss the past of software reliability growth modeling (SRGM) – an essential component of software reliability assurance – so as to motivate the need for an automated, dynamic, and cloud‐based approach for SRGM. We then propose an exponential model‐based algorithm for predicting software defects in late phases of software development. Moreover, we also propose an early defect prediction model (eDPM), which can be used during early stages of software development when traditional methods are not as accurate. We also discuss how these two methods can be integrated to result into an enhanced SRGM model. Finally, we also discuss a number of steps that can be followed to identify and quantify improvement actions to assure the delivery of reliable software. Throughout the article, we use examples from real, large‐scale telecommunications software projects to illustrate the implications and accuracy of the presented algorithms.
Metamaterial Lenses
Authors: Yin Jia Yuan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2019

Lenses, among the most significant components used in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, have undergone rapid development with the application of metamaterials, yielding new metamaterial lenses. Metamaterial lenses exhibit unique properties not shown by conventional lenses. Different types of metamaterial lenses are reviewed in this article, and for a better understanding, some typical examples are discussed.
Room‐Temperature Micropillar Growth of Lithium–Titanate–Carbon Composite Structures by Self‐Biased Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering for Lithium Ion Microbatteries
Authors: Etula Jarkko , Lahtinen Katja , Wester Niklas , Iyer Ajai , Arstila Kai , Sajavaara Timo , Kallio Tanja , Helmersson Ulf , Koskinen Jari
Published: August 2019

Here, an unidentified type of micropillar growth is described at room temperature during conventional direct‐current magnetron sputtering (DC‐MS) deposition from a Li4Ti5O12+graphite sputter target under negative substrate bias and high operating pressure. These fabricated carbon–Li2O–TiO2 microstructures consisting of various Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3/Lix
TiO2 crystalline phases are demonstrated as an anode material in Li‐ion microbatteries. The described micropillar fabrication method is a low‐cost, substrate independent, single‐step, room‐temperature vacuum process utilizing a mature industrial complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible technology. Furthermore, tentative consideration is given to the effects of selected deposition parameters and the growth process, as based on extensive physical and chemical characterization. Additional studies are, however, required to understand the exact processes and interactions that form the micropillars. If this facile method is further extended to other similar metal oxide–carbon systems, it could offer alternative low‐cost fabrication routes for microporous high‐surface area materials in electrochemistry and microelectronics.
Soft‐Nanoparticle Functionalization of Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Elkhoury Kamil , Russell Carina S. , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Laura , Mostafavi Azadeh , Williams Tyrell J. , Kahn Cyril , Peppas Nicholas A. , Arab‐Tehrany Elmira , Tamayol Ali
Published: August 2019

Tissue engineering has emerged as an important research area that provides numerous research tools for the fabrication of biologically functional constructs that can be used in drug discovery, disease modeling, and the treatment of diseased or injured organs. From a materials point of view, scaffolds have become an important part of tissue engineering activities and are usually used to form an environment supporting cellular growth, differentiation, and maturation. Among various materials used as scaffolds, hydrogels based on natural polymers are considered one of the most suitable groups of materials for creating tissue engineering scaffolds. Natural hydrogels, however, do not always provide the physicochemical and biological characteristics and properties required for optimal cell growth. This review discusses the properties and tissue engineering applications of widely used natural hydrogels. In addition, methods of modulation of their physicochemical and biological properties using soft nanoparticles as fillers or reinforcing agents are presented.
Fabrication Techniques for Vascular and Vascularized Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Mithieux Suzanne M. , Weiss Anthony S.
Published: August 2019

Impaired or damaged blood vessels can occur at all levels in the hierarchy of vascular systems from large vasculatures such as arteries and veins to meso‐ and microvasculatures such as arterioles, venules, and capillary networks. Vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for fabricating small‐diameter vascular grafts for occlusive arteries. Vascularized tissue engineering aims to fabricate meso‐ and microvasculatures for the prevascularization of engineered tissues and organs. The ideal small‐diameter vascular graft is biocompatible, bridgeable, and mechanically robust to maintain patency while promoting tissue remodeling. The desirable fabricated meso‐ and microvasculatures should rapidly integrate with the host blood vessels and allow nutrient and waste exchange throughout the construct after implantation. A number of techniques used, including engineering‐based and cell‐based approaches, to fabricate these synthetic vasculatures are herein explored, as well as the techniques developed to fabricate hierarchical structures that comprise multiple levels of vasculature.
A Novel Icephobic Strategy: The Fabrication of Biomimetic Coupling Micropatterns of Superwetting Surface
Authors: Li Xinlin , Wang Guoyong , Zhan Bin , Li Shuyi , Han Zhiwu , Liu Yan
Published: August 2019

This work proposes a biphilic icephobic surface by combining the top‐down and bottom‐up methods. It is found that the impacting droplet on biphilic surface is divided into several parts during the recoiling process, which can significantly reduce the drop contact time before freezing. The anti‐icing test of the biphilic surface in the simulated environment also proves its excellent icephobic capacity. At one aspect, the freezing delay time on biphilic surface is positively correlated with the pillar diameters and negatively correlates with the distance of adjacent pillars. At another aspect, the stress concentrator at the edge between the superhydrophobic area and superhydrophilic area results in the dramatic reduction of ice adhesion strengths. In the real environment test, substantial particle ice is found on the biphilic surface. Different from the glaze ice and rime ice, the particle ice has a smaller contact area with the surface and is easier to be removed. Furthermore, the as‐prepared biphilic surface possesses good mechanical robustness and a long lifespan in the cyclic icing/melting test. It is shown that the new class of nonwetting surfaces presented here can be useful for anti/deicing applications in the future.
Mechanically Robust and Highly Flexible Nonvolatile Charge‐Trap Memory Transistors Using Conducting‐Polymer Electrodes and Oxide Semiconductors on Ultrathin Polyimide Film Substrates
Authors: Yang Ji‐Hee , Kim Do‐Kyun , Yoon Myung‐Han , Kim Gi‐Heon , Yoon Sung‐Min
Published: August 2019

Flexible charge‐trap memory thin‐film transistors (CTM‐TFTs) are fabricated and characterized for next‐generation highly functional consumer electronics. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and 1.2‐µm‐thick polyimide (PI) films are introduced as source/drain electrodes and plastic substrates, respectively, to realize highly flexible CTM‐TFTs with conducting polymers. A uniquely structured sacrificial layer is suggested for the lithography‐compatible transfer and patterning processes of PEDOT:PSS on inorganic Al2O3 barrier layers are prepared on the PI substrates. The CTM‐TFTs show significantly improved device performance compared with those of the previous proto‐type devices, including a memory window (MW) of 16.8 V and program speed of 100 µs at a program pulse amplitude of ±20 V. Furthermore, the MWs and on/off current ratio do not shown remarkable degradation, and total variations within a range of less than 7.5% are observed even under harsh bending strains with a curvature radius of 1 mm. Additionally, the mechanical robustness of the fabricated CTM‐TFTs is quantitatively discussed based on the contributions of the conducting polymer electrode and the ultrathin PI film to further improve device performance of the flexible CTM‐TFTs.
Direct Light‐Writing of Nanoparticle‐Based Metallo‐Dielectric Optical Waveguide Arrays Over Silicon Solar Cells for Wide‐Angle Light Collecting Modules
Authors: Biria Saeid , Wilhelm Thomas S. , Mohseni Parsian K. , Hosein Ian D.
Published: August 2019

Here presented are the properties and performance of a new metallo‐dielectric waveguide array structure as the encapsulation material for silicon solar cells. The arrays are produced through light‐induced self‐writing combined with in situ photochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Each waveguide comprises a cylindrical core consisting of a high refractive index polymer and silver nanoparticles homogenously dispersed in its medium, all of which are surrounded by a low refractive index common cladding. The waveguide array‐based films are processed directly over a silicon solar cell. Arrays with systematically varied concentration of AgSbF6 as the salt precursor are explored. The structures are tested for their wide‐angle light capture capabilities, specifically toward enhanced conversion efficiency and current production of encapsulated solar cells. Observed are increases in the external quantum efficiency, especially at wide incident angles up to 70°, and nominal increases in the short circuit current density by 1 mA cm−2 (relative to an array without nanoparticles). Enhanced light collection is explained in terms of the beneficial effect of scattering by the nanoparticles along the waveguide cores. This is a promising approach toward solar cell encapsulants that aid to increase solar cell output over both the course of the day and year.
Recent Advances on Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescence Probes for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Tang Yufu , Pei Feng , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: August 2019

Newly emerging fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) permits visualization of deep anatomical features with unprecedented spatial resolution due to its minimized autofluorescence, optical scattering and absorption of tissue, and increased applicable power at longer wavelengths than the traditional NIR (NIR‐I, 650–900 nm) fluorescence imaging. Compared with “always‐on” NIR‐II fluorescence probes, activatable NIR‐II fluorescence probes that can change their fluorescence signals by pathologic parameters stimuli, hold great promise for providing high target‐to‐background ratio, significantly improving specificity and sensitivity of early disease detection. Additionally, such probes provide an excellent opportunity to understand the underlying pathological mechanism at the molecular level in order to optimize therapeutic interventions. Here, the recent advances in the development of activatable NIR‐II fluorescence probes for bioimaging and biosensing are reviewed. The photochemical design mechanisms and biomedical applications of these probes are described in detail. Moreover, the present challenges to completely exhibit the potential of activatable NIR‐II fluorescence probes for optical theranostics in life science are also discussed. Finally, the future perspective is further analyzed.
Electrochemical Oxidative C−H Sulfonylation of Anilines
Authors: Lu Fangling , Li Jun , Wang Tao , Li Zhen , Jiang Minbao , Hu Xingxing , Pei Hongqiao , Yuan Feng , Lu Lijun , Lei Aiwen
Published: August 2019

An electrochemical oxidative C−H sulfonylation of anilines without a metal catalyst and an external oxidant has been developed. Various sodium sulfinates are compatible, generating the desired products in up to 96% yield. Preliminary mechanism studies suggest that a radical cross‐coupling process is involved in this transformation.
Interleukin‐17A potentiates interleukin‐13‒induced eotaxin‐3 production by human nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wang Wei Wei , Zhu Kai , Yu Hong Wei , Pan Yong Liang
Published: August 2019

Background

Interleukin (IL)‐17A is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). Increased expression of IL‐17A is correlated with disease severity and nasal eosinophilia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which IL‐17A contributes to T‐helper 2 cytokine IL‐13‒driven pathology in AR remain unclear. We sought to obtain mechanistic insight into how IL‐17A and IL‐13 regulate the epithelial production of eotaxin‐3 representing eosinophilic inflammation in AR.

Methods

Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from AR patients were cultured and stimulated with IL‐17A, IL‐13, or IL‐17A and IL‐13. Phosphorylated signal transducer activator of transcription 6 (p‐STAT6) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in HNECs were assayed using Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine p‐STAT6‒positive expression in the cells. Eotaxin‐3 expression in the cells and culture supernatants was evaluated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Stimulation with IL‐13 alone induced STAT6 phosphorylation and promoted p‐STAT6 nuclear translocation, leading to eotaxin‐3 production by HNECs. These effects were further enhanced by cotreatment with IL‐13 and IL‐17A, whereas IL‐17A alone had no impact on STAT6 or eotaxin‐3 expression. Incubation with IL‐17A or IL‐13 increased the level of SOCS1 protein in the cells, whereas the addition of IL‐17A attenuated IL‐13‒induced SOCS1 expression.

Conclusion

IL‐17A potentiated IL‐13‒driven STAT6 activation through the downregulation of SOCS1 expression, leading to enhancement of eotaxin‐3 production by HNECs. These factors contributed to eosinophilic inflammation in AR.
A Flame‐Reaction Method for the Large‐Scale Synthesis of High‐Performance SmxCoy Nanomagnets
Authors: Ma Zhenhui , Tian Hui , Cong Liying , Wu Qiong , Yue Ming , Sun Shouheng
Published: August 2019

We report a flame‐reaction method to synthesize high‐performance SmxCoy (x=1, y=5; x=2, y=17) particles on a multigram scale. This flame reaction allows the controlled decomposition of Sm(NO3)3 and Co(NO3)2 to 320 nm SmCo‐O (SmCoO3 + Co3O4) particles. A 5.8 g sample of SmCo3.8‐O particles was coated with CaO and then reduced at 900 °C by Ca to give 4.2 g of 260 nm SmCo5 particles. The SmCo5 particles are strongly ferromagnetic and the aligned particles in epoxy resin exhibit a large room‐temperature coercivity (Hc) of 41.8 kOe and giant (BH)max (maximum magnetic energy product) of 19.6 MGOe, the highest value ever reported for SmCo5 made by chemical methods. This synthesis can be extended to synthesize Sm2Co17 particles, providing a general approach to scaling up the synthesis of high‐performance SmxCoy nanomagnets for permanent magnet applications.
Influence of phosphorous‐based flame retardants on the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PC/ABS copolymer blends
Authors: Pogorelčnik Barbara , Pulko Irena , Wilhelm Thomas , Žigon Majda
Published: August 2019

The effects of three commercial aryl phosphate flame retardants (FRs; bisphenol A bis(diphenyl diphosphate) [BDP], triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and a proprietary oligomeric phosphate ester (OPE)) and a compatibilizer (methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer [MBS]) on the thermal and mechanical properties of FR‐recycled PC/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (r‐PC/r‐ABS) blends are investigated. The addition of FRs to r‐PC/r‐ABS blends increases the storage, tensile, and flexural moduli, indicating a reinforcing effect. However, at elevated temperatures, FRs reduce the glass transition temperature and act as plasticizers. The thermal stability of r‐PC/r‐ABS/FR blends at 10% mass loss increases in the following order: r‐PC/r‐ABS/TPP < r‐PC/r‐ABS/BDP < r‐PC/r‐ABS/OPE < r‐PC/r‐ABS/OPE/MBS. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of the FR r‐PC/r‐ABS blends is studied calculating the thermal decomposition activation energies by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. Scanning electron microscopy shows that r‐PC/r‐ABS/OPE blend is only partly miscible, while homogeneous structure is formed in the r‐PC/r‐ABS/OPE/MBS blend, which is supported by its good mechanical and thermal properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48377.
Updated abundance estimates for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting West Bay, Texas
Authors: Litz Jenny A. , Ronje Errol I. , Whitehead Heidi R. , Garrison Lance P.
Published: August 2019

West Bay is located along the south‐west portion of Galveston Bay, Texas, and has been delimited as a bay, sound, and estuary (BSE) common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) stock area under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. The most recent abundance estimate available for the West Bay BSE stock is from 2001 and is considered outdated for management purposes.

This study provides an updated abundance estimate using photo‐identification capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) data collected from West Bay during the winter of 2014 and summer of 2015. The CMR data were analysed using both Pollock's robust design models and Poisson‐log normal mark‐resight models.

Differences between the model types are discussed, and the abundance estimates derived from the mark‐resight models are recommended for management use (50.63 [unconditional SE 2.23] in the winter and 44.36 [unconditional SE 1.18] in the summer).

Whereas the updated abundance estimates are higher than the previously reported estimates, which varied between 28 and 38, they still indicate that West Bay supports a small population of bottlenose dolphins. As a result, the West Bay BSE stock should be closely monitored for impacts, particularly those related to human caused stressors.
Online Processing of Subject–Verb–Object Order in a Diverse Sample of Mandarin‐Exposed Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Su Yi (Esther) , Naigles Letitia R.
Published: August 2019

Grammatical comprehension remains a strength in English‐exposed young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet limited research has investigated how preschool children with ASD process grammatical structures in real time, in any language. Using the eye‐movement measures of Intermodal Preferential Looking, we assessed online processing of subject–verb–object (SVO) order in seventy 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children with ASD exposed to Mandarin Chinese across the spectrum, whose vocabulary production scores were dramatically delayed compared with the typical controls. With this Mandarin‐exposed sample, we tested the extent to which children with ASD require (a) highly consistent input and/or (b) good discourse/pragmatics for acquiring grammatical structures. Children viewed side‐by‐side videos depicting reversible actions (e.g., a bird pushing a horse vs. a horse pushing a bird), and heard an audio matching only one of those actions; their eyegaze to each video was coded and analyzed. Both typically developing children and children with ASD demonstrated comprehension of SVO word order, suggesting that core grammatical structures such as basic word order may be preserved in children with ASD across languages despite radical differences in language environment, social/pragmatic abilities, and neurological organization. However, children with ASD were less efficient in online sentence processing than typical children, and the efficiency of their online sentence processing was related to their standardized language assessment scores. Of note is that across both Mandarin Chinese and English, some proportion of minimally verbal children with ASD exhibited SVO comprehension despite their profoundly impaired expressive language skills.Autism Res2019, 12: 1829–1844. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay summary

Grammar is a strength in the language comprehension of young English learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eye‐movement data from a diverse sample of Chinese preschoolers with ASD indicated similar grammatical strength of basic word order in Chinese (e.g., to understand sentences like “The bird is pushing the horse”). Moreover, children's proficiency of sentence processing was related to their language assessment scores. Across languages, such knowledge is even spared in some minimally verbal children with ASD.
„Das Buch darf nicht außerhalb der Zeit stehen“. Frauenheilkunde und Zensur in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und DDR
Authors: Polianski Igor J.
Published: August 2019

Mit ihrem Leitbild der „deutschen Frau“ war die Frauenheilkunde in die Ideologie des Nationalsozialismus in ganz besonderer Weise verstrickt. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt das Erkenntnisinteresse des vorliegenden Beitrags auf Arten und Weisen, mit denen der gesamtdeutsche Fachdiskurs der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe nach 1945 unter Maßgaben der Entnazifizierungspolitik und unter Einfluss der Zensurbehörden der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone geformt, gefiltert und zur Druckreife gebracht wurde. Er befasst sich mit dem gynäkologischen Fachbuch als einem zentralen Medium fachkultureller Kommunikation und rekonstruiert, wie das Wissen auf diesem Fachgebiet in komplexen Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Autoren, Verlagen und Zensurbehörden aufbereitet wurde. Zu diesem Zweck sind bislang nicht ausgewertete Archivbestände entsprechender Zensurbehörden unter die Lupe genommen worden.
Enhancing peptaibols production in the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 by elimination of a putative glucose sensor
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Rong , Song Xiao‐Yan , Li Yue , Shi Jin‐Chao , Shi Wei‐Ling , Chen Xiu‐Lan , Liu Wei‐Feng , Liu Xiang‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Xin , Zhang Yu‐Zhong
Published: August 2019

Trichoderma spp. are main producers of peptide antibiotics known as peptaibols. While peptaibols have been shown to possess a range of biological activities, molecular understanding of the regulation of their production is largely unclear, which hampers the production improvement through genetic engineering. Here, we demonstrated that the orthologue of glucose sensors in the outstanding biocontrol fungus
Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2,
TlSTP1, participates in the regulation of peptaibols production. Deletion of
Tlstp1 markedly impaired hyphal growth and conidiation, but significantly increased peptaibols yield by 5‐fold for Trichokonins A and 2.6‐fold for Trichokonins B. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the increased peptaibols production occurs at the transcriptional levels of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoding genes,
tlx1 and
tlx2. Transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the
Tlstp1 mutant strains indicated that
TlSTP1 exerts a regulatory effect on a set of genes that are involved in a number of metabolic and cellular processes, including synthesis of several other secondary metabolites. These results suggest an important role of
TlSTP1 in the regulation of vegetative growth and peptaibols production in
T. longibrachiatum SMF2 and provide insights into construction of peptaibol‐hyperproducing strains through genetic engineering.
An Excel VBA‐based educational module for simulation and energy optimization of spray drying process
Authors: Golman Boris , Yermukhambetova Assiya
Published: August 2019

The spray drying processes are widely used in chemical, ceramic, food, and pharmaceutical industries to produce both high‐volume and high‐value particulate products. Therefore, it is important to include a topic covering the spray drying process in the undergraduate curriculum of chemical and materials engineering students. In this article, we describe an Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)‐based educational module developed to assist students in learning the spray drying process. The module consists of two Excel files with VBA macro programs and teaching materials. The module focuses on the design of spray drying process conditions to produce the particulate product with desired moisture content at required production rate while satisfying the process restrictions on the inlet slurry concentration and the exhaust air temperature. Students are also asked to carry out the energy performance analysis of spray dryer equipped with an air‐to‐air heat exchanger that recovers the exhaust air heat to preheat the drying air. Using this module, students will enhance their theoretical and practical knowledge in drying processes, and gain analytical skills in drying process energy optimization.
Variability in the Phytochemical Contents and Free Radical‐Scavenging Capacity of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Wild Piquin Chili)
Authors: del Rocio Moreno‐Ramírez Yolanda , Hernández‐Bautista Aurelio , López Pedro A. , Vanoye‐Eligio Venancio , Torres‐Rodríguez María Lorena , Torres‐Castillo Jorge Ariel
Published: August 2019

The variability in the phytochemical concentrations of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum has not been extensively analyzed among wild populations and ecologic niches in its phylogeographic area. This study aimed to determine the variations in the phytochemical and antioxidant contents of the wild Piquin chili. The total flavonoid content of hydroalcoholic extracts (0.06 to 0.70 mg equivalent of quercetin per gram of dry weight (mg QE/g DW)), free radical‐scavenging capacity for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) radicals (0.55 to 8.55 mm TE/g DW), amount of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) in aqueous extracts (18.13 to 107.6 mm TE/g DW) and pungency (21,760 to 88,476 Scoville heat units) were highly variable. By analyzing the spatial distribution using the first three principal components, correlations between the phytochemical content and the free radical‐scavenging capacity (in both extracts) and flavonoid and phenolic contents (in the hydroalcoholic extract) were observed. Consistent with the statistical analysis, the spatial analysis showed intraregional differences in composition patterns, with an emphasis on central and coastal areas. Flavonoid contents, polyphenol contents and free radical‐scavenging activity were the phytochemical components that mainly contributed to the diversity of the population.
Rotational atherectomy with the new RotaPro system over RG3 guidewire in subadventitial retrograde highly calcified CTO PCI
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , Colangelo Salvatore , Colombo Francesco , Garbo Roberto
Published: August 2019

The following article describes the case report of a 52‐year‐old man who is affected by a right coronary artery occlusion treated with rotational atherectomy over retrograde guidewire RG3 in subadventitial space.
Effect of Si/Al Ratio on the Catalytic Activity of Two‐Dimensional MFI Nanosheets in Aromatic Alkylation and Alcohol Etherification
Authors: Korde Akshay , Min Byunghyun , Almas Qandeel , Chiang Yadong , Nair Sankar , Jones Christopher W.
Published: August 2019

Zeolite catalysts with pronounced two‐dimensional (2D) morphologies, specifically 2D MFI nanosheets composed of multilamellar stacks of MFI nanosheets, are hypothesized to offer accessibility advantages in catalytic reactions involving large, bulky molecules. The Si/Al ratio of zeolite catalysts is an important parameter determining their performance. However, the effect of Si/Al ratio on catalytic reactivity is not well understood in 2D zeolite catalysts. To provide further insight into this issue, the catalytic performance of 2D MFI nanosheet materials with different Si/Al ratios is compared using the liquid phase Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of mesitylene with benzyl alcohol & the self‐etherification of benzyl alcohol that occurs in parallel, both of which are catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalysts is found to decrease with decreasing Si/Al ratio, with the etherification reaction being the main contributor to this trend. When the same reaction is carried out in the presence of a bulky poison, 2,6 di‐tert‐butylpyridine (DTBP), to selectively deactivate the external acid sites, only the etherification reaction of benzyl alcohol takes place in the micropores of the 2D MFI catalyst and the effectiveness factor is found to decrease with decreasing Si/Al ratio. The single component adsorption isotherms of benzyl alcohol show that the uptake normalized per acid site decreases with decreasing Si/Al ratio. Thus, increasing the density of acid sites in the micropores by decreasing the Si/Al ratio makes it more difficult for the reactant molecules to access them, as demonstrated by the decrease in TOF and the effectiveness factor. While the micropore reactions (benzene alkylation, alcohol etherification) showed a clear trend with Si/Al ratio, the reaction catalyzed on the external surface (mesitylene alkylation) did not, showing distinct differences in reactivity.
Underevaluated Solvent Effects in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by FeIII Chloride Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Zhao Bin , Lei Haitao , Wang Ni , Xu Gelun , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: August 2019

FeIII chloride tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (1) is known to have poor electrocatalytic activity for the CO2‐to‐CO conversion in dimethylformamide. In this work, we re‐examined Fe porphyrin 1 as a CO2 reduction catalyst in various solvents. Our results show that 1 displays fairly high electrocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO activity in acetonitrile with a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 4.2×104 s−1. On the other hand, 1 shows a modest activity in propylene carbonate, and is inefficient to catalyze CO2 reduction in benzonitrile, dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran. Several solvent effects were considered, but none of these effects alone can explain the observed large activity difference of 1 for CO2 reduction in these solvents. Based on the results, it is suggested that more care should be paid when comparing different CO2 reduction catalysts because solvent effects are significant and are underevaluated.
Surface characterization of weathered and heat‐treated wood‐based composites reinforced by styrene maleic anhydride
Authors: Zor Mustafa , Can Ahmet , Gardner Douglas J.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat‐treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of the wood flour/styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) composites. In this study, heat treatment was conducted at 212°C for 8 hours. Test specimens were prepared by injection molding at 220°C. Weathering tests were performed by cycles of UV‐light irradiation for 8 hours, water spray for 15 minutes, and then conditioning for 3.45 hours in an accelerated weathering test cycle chamber. Heat‐treated wood flour/SMA composites were evaluated for color changes, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze chemical changes on the sample surfaces. The wood decay tests were performed of white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat was based on mini‐block specimens on 48% malt extract agar in petri dishes. The study showed that color changes occurred when heat‐treated filler rate is increased in this material. Therefore, materials in 10% filler rate show lower color changes than other variation. As a result of the FTIR analysis, the addition of wood filler into the SMA causes changes in the chemical structure. In addition, the increase in wood filler reduced the resistance to weathering. Decay results showed that thermally modified wood has lower mass loss caused by fungal attack than untreated wood material. The weight loss decreases with the increase in wood flour rate expect 10%T and 10%UT in all composites.
Integrated Molecular Logic Using a Multistate Electrochromic Platform
Authors: Keisar Hodaya , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E.
Published: August 2019

Herein, we present an approach that integrates molecular logic functions using surface‐confined metallo‐organic assemblies. These assemblies are electrochromic and mimic the behaviour of logic elements. The logic elements are addressed individually by electrochemical methods, and their outputs are simultaneously read‐out optically by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The versatility of our setup is demonstrated by the integration of two multi‐component assemblies; each acting as ternary logic elements. We used also a laminated cell configuration to demonstrate color‐to‐color and color‐to‐transparent transitions. This concept offers a route for the future development of devices with multiple logic states.
The Tricks of the Chameleon. Unexpected Symmetry of the Diffraction Pattern
Authors: Nespolo Massimo , Tokuda Makoto , Yoshiasa Akira
Published: August 2019

The first step in the structure solution process is the determination of candidate space groups on the basis of the symmetry of the diffraction pattern, in particular through the analysis of the reflection conditions. Sometimes it may happen that the diffraction pattern is indexed in an alternative setting, in which the reflection conditions appear different. The discrepancy between the observed reflection conditions and those published in the standard setting of space groups may lead the investigator to erroneously assume his sample is less symmetric than it actually is. After discussing a case from the literature, an example is presented, in which diffractions from a pyrite sample are indexed in the setting of the space group, instead of the standard setting, where the large set of strong violations of reflection conditions with respect to those of the standard setting can be interpreted as a signature of symmetry lowering to P213. The structure being well‐known, the real origin of the apparent violation of reflection conditions is easy to find. In a less straightforward case, in particular when dealing with a new, unknown structure, the investigator may be deceived along a wrong path.
The Fonthill Dental Surgery Complication Classification Scale
Authors: Fritz Peter C. , Longo Amanda B.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

A lack of consensus on how to classify post‐operative complications in dentistry limits the ability for comparison of outcomes among treatments and their primary providers. Therefore, the Fonthill Dental Surgery Complication Classification Scale has been proposed as a uniform reporting tool to allow for the standardized quality assessment of dental treatment. This instrument classifies negative outcomes arising after dental treatment and is based on the clinician and the clinician time required to resolve the complication in seven classes of increasing severity.

Materials and Methods

The scale was evaluated in a cohort of 2,382 consecutive patients, of which 9% experienced a complication, the majority of which were Class I or Class II—resolved without intervention by the dental surgeon.

Results

Four scenarios where interpretation of the scale was required are presented with an explanation of their complication class.

Conclusions

This classification system will ultimately prove reliable in measuring clinician success rate and aiding in the decision‐making process for patients, clinicians, and financial providers.
An improved fault detection crow search algorithm for wireless sensor network
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Sundaram Shirsh , Rodrigues Joel J.P.C. , Khanna Ashish
Published: August 2019

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the collected data during monitoring environment can have some faulty data, and these faults can lead to the failure of a system. These faults may occur due to many factors such as environmental interference, low battery, and sensors aging etc. We need an efficient fault detection technique for preventing the failures of a WSN or an IoT system. To address this major issue, we have proposed a new nature‐inspired approach for fault detection for WSNs called improved fault detection crow search algorithm (IFDCSA). IFDCSA is an improved version of the original crow search algorithm (CSA). The proposed algorithm first injects the faults into the datasets, and then the faults are classified using improved CSA and machine learning classifiers. The proposed work has been evaluated on the three real‐world datasets, ie, Intel lab data, multihop labeled data, and SensorScope data, and predicts the faults with an average accuracy of 99.94%. The results of the proposed algorithm have been compared with the three different machine learning classifiers (random forest, k‐nearest neighbors, and decision trees) and Zidi model. The proposed algorithm outperforms the other classifiers/models, thus generating higher accuracy and lower features without degrading the performance of the system.

Index Terms—big data, crow search algorithm, IoT, machine learning, nature‐inspired algorithm, wireless sensor network.
Novel vectors for functional interrogation of Xenopus ORFeome coding sequences
Authors: Sterner Zachary R. , Rankin Scott A. , Wlizla Marcin , Choi Jinyoung A. , Luedeke David M. , Zorn Aaron M. , Buchholz Daniel R.
Published: August 2019

The current Xenopus ORFeome contains ~10,250 validated, full‐length cDNA sequences without stop codons from Xenopus laevis and ~3,970 from Xenopus tropicalis cloned into Gateway‐compatible entry vectors. To increase the utility of the ORFeome, we have constructed the Gateway‐compatible destination vectors pDXTP and pDXTR, which in combination can control the spatial and temporal expression of any open reading frame (ORF). pDXTP receives a promoter/enhancer of interest, which controls the spatial expression of a doxycycline‐inducible transcription factor rtTA. pDXTR receives an ORF of interest, which is controlled by a tetracycline response element enabling temporal control of ORF expression via rtTA activation by simple addition of doxycycline to the rearing water at any desired time point. These vectors can be integrated into the genome via well‐established microinjection‐based SceI, tol2, or phi‐C31 transgenesis procedures and contain fluorescence reporters to confirm transgene integration. Cell‐autonomous verification of ORF expression occurs via red nuclear fluorescence due to an mCherry‐histone H2B fusion protein that is cleaved from the ORF during translation. Function of all essential features of pDXTP and pDXTR has been experimentally validated. pDXTP and pDXTR provide flexible molecular cloning and transgenesis options to accomplish tissue‐specific inducible control of ORF expression in transgenic Xenopus.