bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of the Short-Term Adverse Effects of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Authors: Chao Samuel T. , Thakkar Vipul V. , Barnett Gene H. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Angelov Lilyana , Weil Robert J. , Rasmussen Peter , Reuther Alwyn M. , Jamison Betty , Neyman Gennady , Suh John H.
Published: January 2013

Purpose of this study is to determine the types, incidence, and severity of acute complications of intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), specifically Gamma Knife (GK). Patients who had never had previous SRS were eligible for this prospective IRB-approved study. The questionnaire used applicable questions from CTCAE v.3.0, the Brief Pain Questionnaire (Short Form), Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Questionnaires were obtained prior to Gamma Knife (GK), 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months to assess complications. Seventy-six eligible patients (median age of 62 years) had complete data and were analyzed. Diagnoses included: 26 (34%) with brain metastases, 15 (20%) with trigeminal neuralgia, 12 (16%) with schwannoma, 10 (13%) with meningioma, 7 (9%) with arteriovenous malformation, 3 (4%) with pituitary adenoma, and 3 (4%) with other. At 1 week, 24% developed minimal scalp numbness (p = 0.0004 baseline compared to 1 week). Only 13% had minimal scalp numbness at 1 month and 2% at 2 months (both p = NS compared to baseline). There was no difference in scalp tingling between baseline and the various time points. Thirteen percent developed pin site pain at 1 week with a median intensity level of 2 out of 10. By one month, only 3% had pin site pain with a median intensity level of 3 out of 10. Four percent developed pin-site infection at 1 week and none at 1 and 2 months. There was no significant difference in nausea from baseline at 1 week, but there was worsening nausea at 1 month (p = 0.0114). By 1 month, 10% reported new local hair loss. 23%, 16%, and 15% complained of new/worsening fatigue at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months, respectively, but 40% reported fatigue at baseline. Balance improved following SRS over all time periods (for all comparisons, p < 0.009). 1%, 6%, and 3% developed new tinnitus at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months, respectively, which was significant when comparing baseline to non-baseline (p = 0.0269). Thirty-two patients were employed prior to SRS. Three (9%) patients did not return to work. Twenty-seven (84%) patients returned to work a median of 4 days after SRS. Two people did not report their employment status after SRS. There was no significant difference in face swelling, headache, eye pain, vomiting, seizures, or passing out at any intervals compared to baseline. This prospective study demonstrates that GK is well tolerated with few patients developing major acute effects. Many patients are able to return to work shortly after GK.
Impact of Cutout off Axis on Electron Beam Dosimetric Parameters
Authors: Arunkumar T. , Supe S. S. , Ravikumar M. , Sathiyan S. , Ganesh K. M.
Published: January 2013

Dosimetric changes caused by the positional uncertainty of centering a small electron cutout to the machine central axis (CAX) of the linear accelerator (linac) were investigated. Six circular cutouts with 4 cm diameter were made with their centres shifted off by 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm from the machine CAX. The 6 × 6 cm2 electron applicator was used for the measurement. The percentage depth doses (PDDs) were measured at the Machine CAX and also with respect to cutout centre for 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV electron beams. The in-line and cross-line profiles were measured at the depth of maximum dose (R100). The relative output factor (ROF) was measured at the reference depth. All the measurements were made at nominal source to surface distance (100 cm SSD) as well as at extended SSDs (100, 102, 106 and110 cm). When the cutout centre was shifted away from the machine CAX for low energy beams the depth of 100% dose (R100), the depth of 90% dose (R90) and the depth of 80% dose (R80) had no significant change. For higher energies (>9 MeV) there was a reduction in these dosimetric parameters. The isodose coverage of the in-line and cross-line profile was reduced when the cutout centre was shifted away from the machine CAX. At extended SSDs the dosimetric changes are only because of geometric divergence of the beam and not by the positional uncertainty of the cutout. It is important for the radiation oncologist, dosimetrist, therapist and physicist to note such dosimetric changes while using the electron beam to the patients.
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG Standard Uptake Value by Integrated PET/CT in the Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Genestreti G. , Moretti A. , Piciucchi S. , Tiseo M. , Bersanelli M. , Scarlattei M. , Scarpi E. , Dubini A. , Matteucci F. , Sanna S.
Published: January 2013

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor with generally disappointing results in terms of survival, however, there are occasional long-term survivors probably due to the biologic characteristics of the disease. Standard uptake value (SUV) of [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) evaluated by photon emission tomography (PET) is now widely accepted as an indicator of biologic behavior in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify whether SUVmax and SUVmean are inversely associated with the prognosis of patients with MPM and whether there was a correlation between grading/disease stage and SUV value. Patients with histologically proven MPM underwent integrated PET and computed tomography (CT) scanning. Patients fasted and received 5.18 MBq of FDG per kilogram of body weight. Based on the maximum Chi-Square method, a SUVmax of 4.21 (range: 2.30–14.74) and a SUVmean of 2.78 (range: 1.80–7.00) were used to classify patients as having a good or poor prognosis, respectively. From January 2004 to March 2010, 27 patients were analyzed: median age was 65 years (range: 54–77) and histologic MPM subtypes were epithelioid (23 patients) and biphasic (4 patients). At a median follow-up of 23 months (range: 1–52), there was no difference in median survival for either high or low SUVmax [26 months (range: 11-not reached) vs.19 months (range: 12-not reached); p = 0.811] or for high or low SUVmean [26 months (range: 8-not reached) vs.19 months (range: 11-not reached); p = 0.831]. High SUVmax (p = 0.018) was statistically correlated with high-stage disease. There was only a trend towards statistical significance between high-grade disease and high SUVmean (p = 0.083); no such trend was found between advanced stages and SUVmax (p = 0.268). We observed a significant correlation only between high SUVmax and high-grade disease. No other relationships between SUVmax and SUVmean with biologic and clinical parameters were found. This is probably due to the patient characteristics and to the non-routine use of 18F-FDG PET/CT to stage rare tumors such as MPM.
47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome: Clinical characteristics and age‐specific recommendations for medical management
Authors: Aksglaede Lise , Link Katarina , Giwercman Aleksander , Jørgensen Niels , Skakkebæk Niels E , Juul Anders
Published: January 2013

47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) is the most frequent sex chromosomal disorder and affects approximately one in 660 newborn boys. The syndrome is characterized by varying degrees of cognitive, social, behavioral, and learning difficulties and in adulthood additionally primary testicular failure with small testes, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, tall stature, and eunuchoid body proportions. The phenotype is variable ranging from “near‐normal” to a significantly affected individual. In addition, newborns with Klinefelter syndrome generally present with a normal male phenotype and the only consistent clinical finding in KS is small testes, that are most often not identified until after puberty. Decreased awareness of this syndrome among health professionals and a general perception that all patients with 47,XXY exhibit the classic textbook phenotype results in a highly under‐diagnosed condition with up to 75% of the patients left undetected. Typically, diagnosis is delayed with the majority of patients identified during fertility workup in adulthood, and only 10% of patients diagnosed prior to puberty. Early detection of this syndrome is recommended in order to offer treatment and intervention at the appropriate ages and stages of development for the purpose of preventing osteopenia/osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and other medical conditions related to hypogonadism and to the XXY as well as minimizing potential learning and psychosocial problems. The aim of this review is to present the clinical aspects of XXY and the age‐specific recommendations for medical management. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐component Synthesis of Functionalized N‐Protected Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles by an Addition‐Elimination‐Aromatization Process
Authors: Magar Dhananjay R. , Ke Yi‐Jiun , Chen Kwunmin
Published: January 2013

A three‐component, one‐pot, synthesis of N‐protected tetrasubstituted pyrroles has been developed by treating nitroallylic acetates with an amine and a β‐keto ester mediated by ceric ammonium nitrate in MeOH. By this method, a diverse array of N‐protected pyrrole 2,4‐dicarboxylic acid derivatives have been synthesized in 37–76 % yield. The reactions proceed smoothly through an interesting SN2’ displacement and aromatization process.
Engineering the Mesopores of Fe3O4@Mesosilica Core–Shell Nanospheres through a Solvothermal Post‐Treatment Method
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Jia , Bai Shiyang , Li Xiaobo , Yang Qihua
Published: January 2013

A solvothermal post‐treatment method was developed to synthesize Fe3O4@mesosilica core–shell nanospheres (CSNs) with a well‐preserved morphology, mesoporous structure, and tunable large pore diameters (2.5–17.6 nm) for the first time. N,N‐Dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA), which was generated in situ during the heat‐treatment process, was mainly responsible for this pore‐size enlargement, as characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This pore‐size expansion can be strengthened with the aid of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), whilst the nature of the surface of the Fe3O4@mesosilica CSNs can be easily modified with trimethylsilyl groups during the pore‐size‐expansion process. The hydrophobicity of the Fe3O4@mesosilica CSNs increased for the enlarged mesopores and the adsorption capacity of these CSNs for benzene (up to 1.5 g g−1) is the highest ever reported for Fe3O4@mesosilica CSNs. The resultant Fe3O4@mesosilica CSNs (pore size: 10 nm) showed a 3.6‐times higher adsorption capacity of lysozyme than those without the pore expansion (pore size: 2.5 nm), thus making them a good candidate for loading large molecules.
Supramolecular Polymerization of C3‐Symmetric Organogelators: Cooperativity, Solvent, and Gelation Relationship
Authors: Aparicio Fátima , García Fátima , Sánchez Luis
Published: January 2013

A systematic study of the influence of solvent and the size of C3‐symmetric discotics on their supramolecular polymerization mechanism is presented. The cooperativity of the self‐assembly of the reported compounds is directly related to their gelation ability. The two series of C3‐symmetric discotics investigated herein are based on benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (BTAs) and oligo(phenylene ethynylene)‐based tricarboxamides (OPETAs) that are peripherally decorated with achiral (1 a and 2 a) or chiral N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3,4,5‐trialkoxybenzamide units (1 b and 2 b). The supramolecular polymerization of compounds 1 a,b and 2 a,b has been exhaustively investigated in a number of solvents and by using various techniques: variable‐temperature circular dichroism (VT‐CD) spectroscopy, concentration‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The supramolecular polymerization mechanism of compounds 2 is highly cooperative in solvents such as methylcyclohexane and toluene and is isodesmic in CHCl3. Unexpectedly, chiral compound 1 b is practically CD‐silent, in contrast with previously reported BTAs. ITC measurements in CHCl3 demonstrated that the supramolecular polymerization of BTA 1 a is isodesmic. These results confirm the strong influence of the π‐surface of the central aromatic core of the studied discotic and the branched nature of the peripheral side chains on the supramolecular polymerization. The gelation ability of these organogelators is negated in CHCl3, in which the supramolecular polymerization mechanism is isodesmic.
Monomer and Dimer of Mono‐titanium(IV)‐Containing α‐Keggin Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Molecular Structures, and pH‐Dependent Monomer–Dimer Interconversion in Solution
Authors: Matsuki Yusuke , Mouri Yuki , Sakai Yoshitaka , Matsunaga Satoshi , Nomiya Kenji
Published: January 2013

Powder and crystalline samples of the monomer (Et2NH2)5[α‐PW11TiO40]·2H2O (EtN‐1) and a crystalline sample of the μ‐oxo dimer (Et2NH2)8[(α‐PW11TiO39)2O]·6H2O (EtN‐2) of mono‐titanium(IV)‐containing α‐Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), FTIR, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and solid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 31P NMR and solution (31P and 183W) NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of the dimeric polyoxoanion with a μ‐oxo group in 2 was determined for the first time. The monomer–dimer equilibrium in solution was clarified by pH‐varied 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Advanced techniques for constrained internal coordinate molecular dynamics
Authors: Wagner Jeffrey R. , Balaraman Gouthaman S. , Niesen Michiel J. M. , Larsen Adrien B. , Jain Abhinandan , Vaidehi Nagarajan
Published: January 2013

Internal coordinate molecular dynamics (ICMD) methods provide a more natural description of a protein by using bond, angle, and torsional coordinates instead of a Cartesian coordinate representation. Freezing high‐frequency bonds and angles in the ICMD model gives rise to constrained ICMD (CICMD) models. There are several theoretical aspects that need to be developed to make the CICMD method robust and widely usable. In this article, we have designed a new framework for (1) initializing velocities for nonindependent CICMD coordinates, (2) efficient computation of center of mass velocity during CICMD simulations, (3) using advanced integrators such as Runge–Kutta, Lobatto, and adaptive CVODE for CICMD simulations, and (4) cancelling out the “flying ice cube effect” that sometimes arises in Nosé–Hoover dynamics. The Generalized Newton–Euler Inverse Mass Operator (GNEIMO) method is an implementation of a CICMD method that we have developed to study protein dynamics. GNEIMO allows for a hierarchy of coarse‐grained simulation models based on the ability to rigidly constrain any group of atoms. In this article, we perform tests on the Lobatto and Runge–Kutta integrators to determine optimal simulation parameters. We also implement an adaptive coarse‐graining tool using the GNEIMO Python interface. This tool enables the secondary structure‐guided “freezing and thawing” of degrees of freedom in the molecule on the fly during molecular dynamics simulations and is shown to fold four proteins to their native topologies. With these advancements, we envision the use of the GNEIMO method in protein structure prediction, structure refinement, and in studying domain motion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
QMX: A versatile environment for hybrid calculations applied to the grafting of Al2Cl3Me3 on a silica surface
Authors: Kerber Torsten , Kerber Rachel Nathaniel , Rozanska Xavier , Sautet Philippe , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul
Published: January 2013

We present a new software to easily perform QM:MM and QM:QM' calculations called QMX. It follows the subtraction scheme and it is implemented in the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE). Special attention is paid to couple molecular calculations with periodic boundaries approaches. QMX inherits the flexibility and versatility of the ASE package: any combination of methods namely force field, semiempirical, first principle, and ab initio, can be used as hybrid potential energy surface (PES). Its ease of use is demonstrated by considering the adsorption of Al2Cl3Me3 on silica surface and by combining different levels of theory (from standard DFT to MP2 calculations) for the so‐called High Level cluster with standard PW91 density functional theory calculations for the Low Level environment. It is shown that the High Level cluster must contain the silanol group close to the aluminum atoms. The bridging adsorption is favored by 58 kJ mol−1 at the MP2:PW91 level with respect to the terminal position. Using large clusters at the MP2:PW91 level, it is shown that PW91 calculations are sufficient for structure optimization but that embedded methods are required for accurate energy profiles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
e‐Government in the Age of Social Media: An Analysis of the Canadian Government's Use of Twitter
Authors: Small Tamara A.
Published: January 2013

Political actors in Canada are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The Canadian government has been lauded for its success in the online delivery of services, but it has been criticized for not employing the Internet for more democratic purposes, and little attention has been paid to this most recent development. This article examines the extent to which Twitter is being used by Canadian government departments and agencies. It asks whether governmental use of Twitter fits into previous patterns of service delivery oriented e‐government or whether it is taking advantage of the possibility for democratic interaction afforded by social media. Based on a content analysis of Government of Canada tweets, the paper finds that service delivery characterizes government tweets and shows how nominal a commitment the Canadian government has made to using Twitter as part of its well‐established and lauded e‐government strategy.
The Résumé-Development Process and Its Impact on Job-Search Behaviour
Authors: Hayes Charmaine A. , Randall Christine , Buys Nicholas
Published: January 2013

A significant proportion of injured workers are not able to return to their original job. Employers have a responsibility as part of their disability management programs to assist this population to find a new vocation. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the résumé-development process in terms of its potential impact on job-search behaviour for injured workers who are unable to return to their previous job. Data were collected from 22 Australian rehabilitation counsellors via questionnaires, sample documents, and telephone interviews. Thematic analysis of the data reveals that the résumé-development process may be useful in promoting effective job-search behaviour in clients. However, for this to occur it is suggested that the résumé-development process must provide relevant knowledge and skills, overcome or reduce clients’ doubts, address disability but focus on ability, provide ongoing emotional and practical support, value individualisation, and increase clients’ motivation. It is speculated that the findings may be explained by the increased sense of self-efficacy that occurs through participation in the résumé-development process.
Transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (Heterophyidae) to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is independent of density of fish and trematodes
Authors: Boerlage A.S. , Graat E.A.M. , Verreth J.A. , de Jong M.C.M.
Published: January 2013

Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZTs) can cause major human health problems. The aim of this study was to quantify the transmission of parapleurolophocercous cercariae to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and to study the effect of the density of cercariae and the density of fish on transmission with respect to the volume of water and surface area of the bottom. Fish were kept individually either as controls (n= 91) or were exposed to 250 cercariae in tubes with a volume of 25, 50, 100, 250 or 500 ml water (n= 190) with a surface area of 4, 12, 21, 30 or 49 cm2 (n= 195). The dose to which the fish were exposed was kept constant. Infection occurred in 94–100% of fish, with a mean of 15–18 metacercariae per fish and the proportion of FZTs established at 0.06–0.07 metacercariae per cercariae per fish. Neither the prevalence of infection with FZTs nor the number of metacercariae per fish nor the proportion of FZTs established were significantly associated with differences in the density of cercariae or the density of fish per ml water or per cm2 surface area. Thus, it was concluded that the transmission of cercariae to fish is independent of density.
Wealth accounting, ecological capital and ecosystem services
Authors: Barbier Edward B.
Published: January 2013

This paper develops a methodology for including ecosystem services in a wealth accounting framework. Accounting for ecosystems and their services leads to adjusting net domestic product (NDP) for the direct benefits provided by the current stock of ecosystems but not for their indirect contributions in terms of protecting or supporting economic activity, property and human lives. When ecosystems are irreversibly converted for economic development, NDP must be further modified to reflect any capital revaluation that occurs with the current conversion of ecological capital to other land uses. The risk of collapse also requires adjustments to NDP, as any capital revaluation associated with ecosystem conversion must be adjusted for this risk, and the discounted minimum value of ecosystems associated with collapse must be subtracted from NDP. These various contributions of ecological capital to wealth accounts are illustrated with the example of mangroves in Thailand over the period 1970–2009.
Was bringt das Psychodrama der Musiktherapie?
Authors: Fausch-Pfister Heidi
Published: January 2013

Schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten werden Elemente des Psychodramas intuitiv in der Musiktherapie eingesetzt, ohne dass die Wirkung der psychodramatischen Interventionen reflektiert und der Forschungshintergrund des Psychodramas berücksichtigt wird. Dieser Artikel soll einen Einblick in den theoretischen Hintergrund und die Erforschung der Methodenverbindung geben, um die Potenziale besser zu nutzen. Es werden fünf Anknüpfungspunkte der beiden Therapiemethoden dargestellt. Darauf zeige ich exemplarisch fünf Psychodrama-Elemente (Sitzungsstruktur, Raumstruktur, Soziometrie, Rollen und Rollenkategorien), welche Prozesse in der Musiktherapie intensivieren können und führe anschließend weitere Potenziale der Methodenverbindung an. Ein Praxisbeispiel aus der Neurorehabilitation gibt einen Einblick in die Arbeitsweise mit der Methodenkombination.
Three-dimensional vortex analysis and aeroacoustic source characterization of jet core breakdown
Authors: Violato Daniele , Scarano Fulvio
Published: January 2013

The three-dimensional behavior of jet core breakdown is investigated with experiments conducted on a free water jet at Re = 5000 by time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry (TR-TOMO PIV). The investigated domain encompasses the range between 0 and 10 jet diameters. The characteristic pulsatile motion of vortex ring shedding and pairing culminates with the growth of four primary in-plane and out-of-plane azimuthal waves and leads to the formation of streamwise vortices. Vortex ring humps are tilted and ejected along the axial direction as they are subjected to higher axial velocities. By the end of the potential core, this process causes the breakdown of the vortex ring regime and the onset of streamwise filaments oriented at 30°-45° to the jet axis and “C” shaped peripheral structures. The latter re-organize further downstream in filaments oriented along the azimuthal direction at the jet periphery. Instead, in the vicinity of the jet axis the filaments do not exhibit any preferential direction resembling the isotropic turbulent regime. Following Powell's aeroacoustic analogy, the instantaneous spatial distribution of the acoustic source term is mapped by the second time derivative of the Lamb vector, revealing the highest activity during vortex ring breakdown. A three-dimensional modal analysis of velocity, vorticity, Lamb vector, and Lamb vector second time derivative fields is conducted by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) within the first 10 modes. The decomposed velocity fluctuations describe a helical organization in the region of the jet core-breakdown and, further downstream, jet axis flapping and precession motions. By the end of the potential core, vorticity modes show that vortex rings are dominated by travelling waves of radial and axial vorticity with a characteristic 40°-45° inclination to the jet axis. The Lamb vector and the Lamb vector second time derivative modes exhibit similar patterns for the azimuthal component, whereas the vortex ring coherence is described by the radial and the axial components. While velocity, vorticity, and Lamb vector modes are typically associated with Strouhal numbers (St) smaller than 0.9, the modes of the Lamb vector second time derivative are also related to higher frequencies (1.05 ≤ St ≤ 1.9) ascribed to the three-dimensional travelling waves. Far-field acoustic predictions are obtained on the basis of direct evaluation of Powell's analogy with TR-TOMO PIV data. The spectral analysis returns peaks at pairing (St = 0.36) and shedding (St = 0.72) frequency. A broader distribution with a hump between St = 1 and 2.25 is observed, which corresponds to the breakdown of ring vortices.
Dynamical behavior of electrified pendant drops
Authors: Ferrera C. , López-Herrera J. M. , Herrada M. A. , Montanero J. M. , Acero A. J.
Published: January 2013

The electrohydrodynamic response of low-conductivity pendant drops to a step change in the electric field magnitude was examined both numerically and experimentally. Both the leaky-dielectric and perfect-conductor models were solved in the simulations. Experiments were conducted to precisely measure the drop interface shape as a function of time. The drop oscillated for applied voltages smaller than a critical value which depended on the rest of governing parameters. It stretched and subsequently emitted a microjet from its tip for electric potentials above that critical value. The perfect-conductor model described accurately the oscillations of subcritical drops. This model also provided satisfactory results for the prejetting regime in the supercritical case. We found a good agreement between the leaky-dielectric model and the experiments for the drop-jet transitional region, despite the fact that the tip streaming arose on a time scale much shorter than the electric relaxation time. This result shows the capability of the leaky-dielectric model to describe the flow in this singular region. The numerical simulations allowed us to describe the pressure and velocity fields in the transitional region.
Fractional Schrödinger equation for a particle moving in a potential well
Authors: Luchko Yuri
Published: January 2013

In this paper, the fractional Schrödinger equation that contains the quantum Riesz fractional derivative instead of the Laplace operator is revisited for the case of a particle moving in the infinite potential well. In the recent papers [M. Jeng, S.-L.-Y. Xu, E. Hawkins, and J. M. Schwarz, “On the nonlocality of the fractional Schrödinger equation,” J. Math. Phys. 51, 062102 (2010)10.1063/1.3430552] and [S. S. Bayin, “On the consistency of the solutions of the space fractional Schrödinger equation,” J. Math. Phys. 53, 042105 (2012)10.1063/1.4705268] published in this journal, controversial opinions regarding solutions to the fractional Schrödinger equation for a particle moving in the infinite potential well that were derived by Laskin [“Fractals and quantum mechanics,” Chaos 10, 780–790 (2000)10.1063/1.1050284] have been given. In this paper, a thorough mathematical treatment of these matters is provided. The problem under consideration is reformulated in terms of three integral equations with the power kernels. Even if the equations look not very complicated, no solution to these equations in explicit form is known. Still, the obtained equations are used to show that the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the fractional Schrödinger equation for a particle moving in the infinite potential well given by Laskin [“Fractals and quantum mechanics,” Chaos 10, 780–790 (2000)10.1063/1.1050284] and many other papers by different authors cannot be valid as has been first stated by Jeng et al. [“On the nonlocality of the fractional Schrödinger equation,” J. Math. Phys. 51, 062102 (2010)10.1063/1.3430552].
Physical model for gallium arsenide growth on germanium fins with different orientations formed on 10° offcut germanium-on-insulator substrate
Authors: Goh Kian-Hui , Cheng Yuanbing , Lu Low Kain , Yu Jin Kong Eugene , Chia Ching-Kean , Toh Eng-Huat , Yeo Yee-Chia
Published: January 2013

A study on the physical modeling of the growth of GaAs on Ge fins is reported. Experimental data on selective growth of high-quality gallium arsenide (GaAs) on germanium (Ge) fins with different orientations formed on 10° offcut germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) substrate were used. Extensive physical characterization using secondary electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) was performed to obtain the dependence of the GaAs growth rates on crystallographic directions. Our physical model explains the shapes of GaAs crystals grown on the Ge fins having different in-plane orientations.
Gate controlled coupling of intersubband plasmons
Authors: Delteil A. , Vasanelli A. , Todorov Y. , Paulillo B. , Biasiol G. , Sorba L. , Sirtori C.
Published: January 2013

The optical response of a heavily doped quantum well, with two occupied subbands, has been investigated as a function of the electronic density. It is shown that the two optically active transitions are mutually coupled by dipole-dipole Coulomb interaction, which strongly renormalizes their absorption amplitude. In order to demonstrate this effect, we have measured a set of optical spectra on a device in which the electronic density can be tuned by the application of a gate voltage. Our results show that the absorption spectra can be correctly described only by taking into account the Coulomb coupling between the two transitions. As a consequence, the optical dipoles originating from intersubband transitions are not independent, but rather coupled oscillators with an adjustable strength.
SLC4A2-mediated Cl
−
/HCO
3
−
exchange activity is essential for calpain-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts
Authors: Coury Fabienne , Zenger Serhan , Stewart Andrew K. , Stephens Sebastien , Neff Lynn , Tsang Kelly , Shull Gary E. , Alper Seth L. , Baron Roland , Aliprantis Antonios O.
Published: January 2013

Bone remodeling requires osteoclasts to generate and maintain an acidified resorption compartment between the apical membrane and the bone surface to solubilize hydroxyapatite crystals within the bone matrix. This acidification process requires (
i
) apical proton secretion by a vacuolar H
+
-ATPase, (
ii
) actin cytoskeleton reorganization into a podosome belt that forms a gasket to restrict lacunar acid leakage, and (
iii
) basolateral chloride uptake and bicarbonate extrusion by an anion exchanger to provide Cl
−
permissive for apical acid secretion while preventing cytoplasmic alkalinization. Here we show that osteoclast-targeted deletion in mice of solute carrier family 4 anion exchanger member 2 (
Slc4a2
) results in osteopetrosis. We further demonstrate a previously unrecognized consequence of SLC4A2 loss of function in the osteoclast: dysregulation of calpain-dependent podosome disassembly, leading to abnormal actin belt formation, cell spreading, and migration. Rescue of SLC4A2-deficient osteoclasts with functionally defined mutants of SLC4A2 indicates regulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganization by anion-exchange activity and intracellular pH, independent of SLC4A2’s long N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. These data suggest that maintenance of intracellular pH in osteoclasts through anion exchange regulates the actin superstructures required for bone resorption.
Circadian acetylome reveals regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways
Authors: Masri Selma , Patel Vishal R. , Eckel-Mahan Kristin L. , Peleg Shahaf , Forne Ignasi , Ladurner Andreas G. , Baldi Pierre , Imhof Axel , Sassone-Corsi Paolo
Published: January 2013

The circadian clock is constituted by a complex molecular network that integrates a number of regulatory cues needed to maintain organismal homeostasis. To this effect, posttranslational modifications of clock proteins modulate circadian rhythms and are thought to convert physiological signals into changes in protein regulatory function. To explore reversible lysine acetylation that is dependent on the clock, we have characterized the circadian acetylome in WT and
Clock
-deficient (
Clock
−/−
) mouse liver by quantitative mass spectrometry. Our analysis revealed that a number of mitochondrial proteins involved in metabolic pathways are heavily influenced by clock-driven acetylation. Pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were found to be highly enriched hits. The significant number of metabolic pathways whose protein acetylation profile is altered in
Clock

−/−

mice prompted us to link the acetylome to the circadian metabolome previously characterized in our laboratory. Changes in enzyme acetylation over the circadian cycle and the link to metabolite levels are discussed, revealing biological implications connecting the circadian clock to cellular metabolic state.
Canonical Thurston obstructions for sub-hyperbolic semi-rational branched coverings
Authors: Chen Tao , Jiang Yunping
Published: January 2013

We prove that the canonical Thurston obstruction for a sub-hyper- bolic semi-rational branched covering exists if the branched covering is not CLH-equivalent to a rational map.
Wheat Quality Requirements for Char Siew Bao Made from Australian Soft Wheat
Authors: Limley Heri Ann , Crosbie Graham Bruce , Lim Kay Kong , Williams Hannah Grace , Diepeveen Dean Aris , Solah Vicky Ann
Published: January 2013

Australia exports 75% of the wheat produced annually, and the Asian region is an important export market for Australian wheat. These markets require suitable quality grain for use in wheat‐based products, so the understanding of wheat end products from an Asian consumer point of view is important. The major wheat quality requirements for char siew bao, a Chinese Guangdong‐style steamed bun, were determined. The research 1) developed laboratory methods for the production and assessment of char siew bao using a scoring system; 2) optimized the new methods and compared the new methods with a traditional method; and 3) used the new validated methods in an investigation of the role of soft wheat quality on char siew bao. A sponge‐and‐dough method with 1 hr fermentation time was developed to establish a simplified laboratory method for char siew bao production. The screening experiments and response surface methodology experiments showed that water addition, sugar, and sponge mixing time were responsible for 69% of the variation in total score. Dough strength was the most important parameter affecting char siew bao quality, followed by flour swelling volume, protein content, and dough extensibility. Both protein and starch quality were important determinants of char siew bao quality.
Health Financing and Catastrophic Payments for Health Care: Evidence from Household‐level Survey Data in Botswana and Lesotho
Authors: Akinkugbe Oluyele , Chama‐Chiliba Chitalu Mirriam , Tlotlego* Naomi
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  The financing of health care is a complex issue for policy makers. This is because high out‐of‐pocket payments on health care have been found to further impoverish the poor who have limited income to divide among basic necessities of which health care is one — catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may be difficult to attain with high out‐of‐pocket payments by the poor; this is an issue of serious concern and highlights the need for the kind of analyses in this paper. The analysis used data collected by the Household and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2002/2003 for Botswana and by the Household Budget Survey (HBS) 2002/2003 for Lesotho. Our results showed that in Botswana the proportion of households facing CHE at the 20 per cent and 40 per cent thresholds was 11 per cent and 7 per cent respectively, and the share of out‐of‐pocket health payments during the survey period was about 0.93 per cent. For Lesotho the proportions of those facing CHE expenditure at the 20 per cent and 40 per cent thresholds were 3.22 per cent and 1.25 per cent, and the share of out‐of‐pocket payment in total monthly expenditure was 1.34 per cent. Results from regression analyses suggest that having at least one senior member in the household imposes a higher risk for CHE for the household in Lesotho; for Botswana gender and education status of household head influence the probability of facing CHE. In designing health systems, policy makers need to ensure that households are not only able to access health services when needed, but that they are also protected from facing financial catastrophe by reducing out‐of‐pocket payments.
Taxonomic circumscription of heterogeneous species Neogoniolithon brassica‐florida (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in Japan
Authors: Kato Aki , Baba Masasuke , Suda Shoichiro
Published: January 2013

The nongeniculate species Neogoniolithon brassica‐florida (Harvey) Setchell et Mason is circumscribed as a polymorphic species with various gross morphologies due to it being synonymized with several previous species. However, small subunit rDNA and cox1 analyses showed that N. brassica‐florida was polyphyletic, and strongly imply that crustose species lacking any protuberances such as Neogoniolithon fosliei (Heydrich) Setchell et Mason and species with protuberances or branches such as N. brassica‐florida and N. frutescens (Foslie) Setchell et Mason should be treated as genetically different groups (species). Therefore, we propose the resurrection of N. frutescens. We also confirmed that N. trichotomum was distinguished from N. frutescens by slender uniform diameter branches, a conceptacle with a prominent ostiole, and large cox1 interspecific sequence differences. Male and female reproductive structures of N. trichotomum were illustrated for the first time. Neogoniolithon fosliei, was divided into three clades, each of which was recognized as a species complex based on interspecific level sequence differences within clade and morphological differences. Therefore, we treated the clade most similar to N. fosliei as N. fosliei complex (Clade B), and the other clades as respective complexes of N. cf. fosliei with yellow conceptacles (Clade A) or N. cf. fosliei with large conceptacles (Clade C). Of two species complexes (Clade A and B) were morphologically consistent with two entities of N. fosliei previously reported in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, which is supported by their niche partitioning. DNA barcoding research of nongeniculate corallines can promote the finding of more reliable taxonomic characters and the understanding of their biological aspects.
Characterization of genes and enzymes in Dunaliella salina involved in glycerol metabolism in response to salt changes
Authors: Zhao Li‐na , Gong Wen‐fang , Chen Xi‐wen , Chen De‐fu
Published: January 2013

Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod is an extremely halotolerant unicellular eukaryotic alga whose salt tolerance is thought to be related to glycerol metabolism. However, the regulation of different genes and enzymes under high salt stress conditions has not yet been investigated. In this study, glycerol metabolism was characterized after establishing the optimum salt stress conditions for D. salina Y6. As the salinity in the medium changed from 1 M to 3 M, the glycerol content increased sharply for 1–3 h and then gradually reached its maximum level after 24 h of salt stress (a 2.3‐fold increase). Semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the transcription of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase gene was not affected by salt stress, whereas the transcriptions of the fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase gene, glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase genes‐2 and ‐3, and the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene initially increased and then declined. Furthermore, the magnitude of the decline was greater than that of the increase, particularly for the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene. Enzyme activity analysis showed that the activity of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase did not change significantly, whereas fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase activity decreased to 63% and dihydroxyacetone reductase activity decreased to 31% after 24 h of salt stress. Therefore, we propose that while the regulation of salt for glycerol metabolism in D. salina is very complex, the reduced decomposition of glycerol helps its accumulation. Finally, we also propose that dihydroxyacetone reductase may be the key enzyme involved in the regulation of the glycerol metabolic pathway under salt stress conditions.
MISINFORMATION*
Authors: Hao Li , Li Wei
Published: January 2013

A candidate for political office has private information about his and his rival’s qualifications. A more informative positive (negative) campaign generates a more accurate public signal about his own (his rival’s) qualifications, but costs more. A high type candidate has a comparative advantage in negative campaigns if, relative to the low type, he can lower the voter’s belief about his rival more effectively than he can raise her belief about himself and vice versa. In equilibrium, this comparative advantage determines whether the high type chooses a positive or negative campaign. Further, competition helps the high type separate.
Migration and winter distribution of Iberian and central European black storks Ciconia nigra moving to Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar: a comparative study
Authors: Cano Luis Santiago , Tellería José Luis
Published: January 2013

This paper compares the migratory movements of Iberian and central European satellite‐tagged black storks Ciconia nigra moving to Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar. Results show that the populations differ in departure dates from breeding areas (central European birds start to move 15 d before Iberian birds), cross the Strait of Gibraltar together and reach the Sahel on similar dates. This synchronic arrival to the Sahel may be related with the onset of suitable conditions for the species after summer rains, when many pools are available for fishing. In this area, Iberian birds occupied westernmost localities compared to central European birds crossing the Strait of Gibraltar, which were distributed closer to those storks arriving in Africa across the Bosporus. This suggests that the parallel distribution of breeding and wintering areas results from posterior rearrangements of the two populations crossing Gibraltar. These patterns appear to be linked to the increasing population of central European black storks located on the western side of the migratory divide that moves throughout the western flyway to sectors of the Sahel close to their ancestral wintering grounds.
On Currency Misalignments within the Euro Area
Authors: Coudert Virginie , Couharde Cécile , Mignon Valérie
Published: January 2013

Although nominal parities have been completely pegged within the euro area since the launch of the single currency, real effective exchange rates have continued to vary under the effect of inflation disparities, exhibiting a strong appreciation in the peripheral countries. In this paper, we assess real exchange rate misalignments for euro area countries by using a behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) approach on the period 1980–2010. The results show that the peripheral member countries have been suffering from increasingly overvalued exchange rates since the mid‐2000s, as their real appreciation has not stemmed from improving fundamentals in terms of productivity or external position. In addition, currency misalignments have increased on average for all euro area countries since the monetary union, while becoming more persistent. More worryingly, our findings highlight different patterns across members, as misalignments have been larger and more persistent in peripheral countries than in core countries.
China and Global Imbalances from a View of Sectorial Reforms
Authors: Ito Hiro , Volz Ulrich
Published: January 2013

This article examines the impact of sectorial reforms on current account imbalances, with a special focus on China. In particular, we investigate to what extent reforms pertaining to the financial sector, social protection, and healthcare may contribute to a rebalancing of China's persistent current account imbalances. Our forecasting results suggest that reforming the financial sector would be a significant contributor to the country's rebalancing with an effect much larger than that of capital account liberalization. Strengthened provisions of social protection and publicly‐funded healthcare are also found to contribute to a rebalancing of the Chinese economy.
The Impact of Structural Policies on External Accounts in Infinite‐horizon and Finite‐horizon Models
Authors: Vogel Lukas
Published: January 2013

The paper uses QUEST III to compare the impact of product market reform, labor market reform, and fiscal devaluation on economic activity and external accounts in infinite‐horizon and finite‐horizon versions of the model for a small open economy in monetary union with tradable and non‐tradable sectors. The impact of structural policies on external positions tends to be stronger and more persistent, but also more diverse in the finite‐horizon specification because of the impact of structural reforms on financial wealth and its transmission to consumption demand in the finite‐horizon setting. The improvement in the net foreign asset position tends to be stronger if structural reforms are accompanied by fiscal consolidation and if countries start with high pre‐reform levels of net foreign debt.
Gitelman or Bartter type 3 syndrome? A case of distal convoluted tubulopathy caused by CLCNKB gene mutation
Authors: Cruz António José , Castro Alexandra
Published: January 2013

A 32-year-old woman with no significant medical history was sent to our consultation due to hypokalaemia (<3.0 mmol/l). Her main complaints were longstanding polyuria and nocturia. Physical examination was normal. Basic investigations showed normal renal function, low serum potassium (2.7 mmol/l) and magnesium (0.79 mmol/l), metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.54; bicarbonate 32.5 mmol/l), elevated urinary potassium (185 mmol/24 h) and normal urinary calcium (246 mg/24 h). Thiazide test revealed blunted response. Chronic vomiting and the abuse of diuretics were excluded. Genetic tests for SLC12A3 gene mutation described in Gitelman syndrome (GS) came negative. CLCNKB gene mutation analysis present in both GS and Bartter (BS) type 3 syndromes was positive. The patient is now being treated with potassium and magnesium oral supplements, ramipril and spironolactone with stable near-normal potassium and magnesium levels. This article presents the case of a patient with hypokalaemia caused by CLCNKB gene mutation hard to categorise as GS or BS type 3.
FREE PARTICLE IN VERY SPECIAL RELATIVITY, GAUGE SYMMETRY AND TWO-TIME PHYSICS
Authors: ROMERO JUAN M. , ESCOBAR-AGUILAR ERIC S. , VÁZQUEZ ETELBERTO
Published: January 2013

The action for a (3+1)-dimensional particle in very special relativity (VSR) is studied. It is proved that massless particles only travel in effective (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. It is remarkable that this action can be written as an action for a relativistic particle in a background gauge field and it is shown that this field causes the dimensional reduction. A new symmetry for this system is found. Furthermore, a general action with restored Lorentz symmetry is proposed for this system. It is shown that this new action contains VSR and two-time physics.