bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Exposure Induced Bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium Ramosum Mediates the Exacerbation of Obesity in High-fat-diet Fed Mice
Authors: Chen Guijie , Peng Yujia , Huang Yujie , Xie Minhao , Dai Zhuqing , Cai Huimei , Dong Wei , Xu Weiqi , Xie Zhiyong , Chen Dan , Fan Xia , Zhou Wangting , Kan Xuhui , Yang Tingting , Chen Chunxu , Sun Yi , Zeng Xiaoxiong , Liu Zhonghua
Published: February 2022

Background: Fluoride, a necessary mineral element for our health, is widely presented in drinking water and foods. The intake of excessive fluoride showed potential risk to human health. A strong relation between fluoride exposure and obesity has been reported. However, the knowledge on the potential mechanisms on fluoride-induced obesity is still limited.Results: In this work, we showed here that fluoride alone did not induce obesity in normal diet fed mice, whereas, it could trigger exacerbation of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Fluoride impaired intestinal barrier and activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to induce obesity, which was further verified in TLR4-/- mice. Furthermore, fluoride could deteriorate the gut microbiota in HFD mice. The fecal microbiota transplantation from fluoride-induced mice was sufficient to induce obesity, while the exacerbation of obesity by fluoride was blocked upon gut microbiota depletion. The fluoride-induced bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum belonged to Erysipelotrichaceae was responsible for the exacerbation of obesity. In addition, a potential strategy for prevention of fluoride-induced obesity was proposed by intervention with polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea.Conclusions: Overall, these results provide the first evidence of a comprehensive cross-talk mechanism between fluoride and obesity in HFD fed mice, which is mediated by gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. E. ramosum was identified as a crucial mediator of fluoride-induced obesity, which could be explored as potential target for prevention and treatment of obesity with exciting translational value.
The Role of Community Leaders and Other Information Intermediaries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from the Multicultural Sector
Authors: Seale Holly , Harris-Roxas Ben , Heywood Anita , Abdi Ikram , Mahimbo Abela , Chauhan Ashfaq , Woodland Lisa
Published: February 2022

Community and religious leaders, as well as other natural leaders, from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds have been posited as a gateway into communities, acting as information intermediaries that enabler or broker public health messages about the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are currently limitations regarding our understanding of the capacity, role and reach of these leaders. In-depth interviews were undertaken to understand the perceptions of those working in services and other social support roles focused on CaLD communities towards the role and impact of information intermediaries in promoting and supporting COVID-19 public health communication and engagement activities. Forty-six semi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders who have an active role in the delivery of services and other social support to CaLD communities in Australia. Four key themes emerged related to the role of information intermediaries during the interviews. Ideas around the role they fulfil in “bridging the gap” and supporting the delivery of pandemic related information into communities. Participants suggested that there had been a failure by Federal government agencies to recognise the role of these stakeholders early in the pandemic, as well as a failure to provide sufficient resources and support. However, concerns were also raised that information may be inappropriately interpreted or translated by the community information intermediaries or potentially blocked, if the message does not align with the broker’s own beliefs. Finally, concerns were raised about the potential for burn-out amongst information intermediaries. It is critical that in preparing and responding to pandemics and other disasters, that there is recognition of the role of community leaders and other information intermediaries and that resources are identified to enhance and sustain their involvement.
Age-related decrease in mitochondrial lncMtDloop expression potentiates Alzheimer's pathogenesis
Authors: Xiong Wandi , Xu Kaiyu , SUN Jacquelyne , Liu Siling , Zhang Ying , Zhang Zhongyu , Liao Fan , Zheng Yongbo , Shi Jie , Herrup Karl , Chow Kim , Lu Lin , Li Jiali
Published: February 2022

Loss of mitochondrial homeostasis are evident in Alzheimer's disease (AD)1. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that lncMtDloop, an age-related and conserved long noncoding RNA derived from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop, is crucial for sustaining mitochondrial transcription and homeostasis, and associates with Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Notably, the level of lncMtDloop expression is diminished in the brains of human AD patients and the 3xTg mouse model, whereas the failure to recruit mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) leads to the deregulated mitochondrial transcription. Restoring lncMtDloop expression not only significantly improves mitochondrial transcription, morphology and function, but also enhances mitophagy, ameliorates AD-like pathology, which these subcellular effects extend to a dramatic reversal of deficits in synaptic and cognitive behaviors of the 3xTg mouse model. Collectively, our findings show the decreased lncMtDloop expression potentiates AD risk, thereby revealing an unexpected mitochondrial mechanism contributing to AD pathogenesis and opens a new door for therapeutic intervention.
An Explainable Self-Attention Deep Neural Network for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multi-input Digital Drawing Tasks
Authors: Chunharas Chaipat , Ruengchaijatuporn Natthanan , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Teerapittayanon Surat , Sriswa Sira , Itthipuripat Sirawaj , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Bunyabukkana Prodpran , Petchlorlian Aisawan , Chunamchai Sedthapong , Chotibut Thiparat
Published: February 2022

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of cognitive decline beyond the normal aging process, which could develop into dementia. An early detection of MCI is a crucial step for timely prevention and intervention. Recent studies have developed deep learning models to detect MCI and dementia using a bedside task like the classic clock-drawing test (CDT). While these models succeed at distinguishing severe forms of dementia, it remains a challenge to predict the early stage of the disease using the CDT data alone. Moreover, the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques still face the black-box challenges, making it questionable to implement them in the clinical setting.Methods: We consecutively recruited 981 subjects from Geriatric Clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (651 healthy subjects and 267 MCI patients according to Petersen’s criteria). We propose a novel deep learning modeling framework that incorporates data from multiple drawing tasks including the CDT, cube-copying, and trail-making tasks obtained from a digital platform. Soft-label method and self-attention were applied to improve the model performance and provide visual explanation that aids the interpretation of the deep learning model. The performance of the model was measured on an independent dataset. The visualization of our model and the traditional grad-CAM approach were scored by experienced medical personnels. Results: Using multiple drawings as inputs improves classification between healthy versus MCI in terms of accuracy (0.75 ± 0.01 vs. 0.80 ± 0.01), F1 score (0.36 ± 0.04 vs. 0.59 ± 0.02) and AUC (0.74 ± 0.01 vs. 0.81 ± 0.02). By adding soft-label and self-attention methods improve the accuracy (0.81 ± 0.01) F1 score (0.65 ± 0.01) and AUC (0.84 ± 0.01). The experienced medical personnels preferred the visualization of our model over the grad-CAM model (2.82 ± 0.49 vs. 1.52 ± 0.54). Conclusions: Our model achieves better classification performance at detecting MCI compared to a well-established convolutional neural network model. Moreover, our model can highlight features of the MCI data that considerably deviate from those of the healthy aging population, offering accurate predictions for detecting MCI along with visual explanation that aids the interpretation of the deep learning model.
High Resolution Reference Evapotranspiration for Arid Egypt: comparative analysis and evaluation of empirical and artificial intelligence models
Authors: Sobh Mohamed Tarek , NASHWAN Mohamed Salem , Amer Nabil
Published: February 2022

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration has crucial importance in arid regions like Egypt, which suffers from the scarcity of precipitation and water shortages. This study provides an investigation of the performance of 31 widely used empirical equations and 20 models developed using five artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) to generate gridded high-resolution daily ET o estimates over Egypt. The AI algorithms include support vector machine-radial basis function (SVM-RBF), random forest (RF), group method of data handling neural network (GMDH-NN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), as well as Dynamic Evolving Neural Fuzzy Interference System (DENFIS). Daily observations records of 41 stations distributed over Egypt were used to calculate ET o using FAO56 Penman-Monteith equation as a reference estimate. The multi-parameter Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) metric was used as an evaluation metric for its robustness in representing different statistical error/agreement characteristics in a single value. By category, the empirical equations based on radiation performed better in replication FAO56-PM followed by temperature- and mass-transfer-based ones. Ritchie equation was found to be the best overall in Egypt (median KGE 0.75) followed by Caprio (median KGE 0.65), and Penman (median KGE 0.52) equations based on station-wise ranking. On the other hand, the RF model, having maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, and relative humidity as predictors, outperformed other AI algorithms. The generated 0.10°×0.10° daily estimates of ET o enabled the detection of a significant increase of 0.12-0.16 mm/decade in the agricultural-dependent Nile Delta using the modified Mann Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator.
Diagnostic efficacy of pelvic ultrasound in central precocious puberty in girls: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: rakhshankhah nima
Published: February 2022

Background: Differentiating central precocious puberty (CPP) patients from immature normal cases and CPP-like patients “isolated premature adrenarche (IPA) and isolated premature thelarche (IPT)” is important for beginning of treatment. Although the GnRH stimulation test is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of CPP, Because of its wide limitations, our study targets to evaluate pelvic sonography parameters as a contributory tool for CPP diagnosis.Methods: We consecutively enrolled 183 cases (93 CPP, 16 IPT, 12 IPA and 62 of age-matched normal controls) in our study over four years. All cases are of Persian ethnicity classified by clinical and laboratory findings and are followed up for at least 2 years. Pelvic sonography parameters included uterine fundus, body and cervix anteroposterior diameter, fundus/cervix ratio, uterine length and transverse diameter, uterine volume, endometrial thickness, ovarian volumes and diameter of the largest follicle are evaluated in all classified groups. One-way ANOVA, POST HOC and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the study groups.Results: Our study found that all sonography parameters differ significantly between CPP and normal control cases, also a significant difference is found between CPP compared to IPT or IPA cases in all parameters except in cervix anteroposterior diameter, ovarian volumes and diameter of the largest follicle. In order of best parameters for differentiating CPP compared to study groups, uterine volume (a cut-off of 1.40 ml had a sensitivity of 75.27% and a specificity of 75.56%), transverse diameter (a cut-off of 13.5 mm had a sensitivity of 72.04% and a specificity of 71.11%) and F/C ratio (a cut-off of 0.98 had a sensitivity of 78.49% and a specificity of 70%) was selected. Our study also classified sonography parameters as of equal diagnostic value to uterine volume (as the best diagnostic parameter with area under the curve of 0.826) and not equal diagnostic value to uterine volume.Conclusions: Pelvic Sonography parameters may improve the diagnosis of CPP patients and can have a contributory role in distinguishing treatment needed from other patients. The best diagnostic parameter and its cut-off value could change according to different ethnicities and studies.
Systemic COVID-19 Vaccination also Enhances the Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Study from a Hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 Reimmunization Are Needed
Authors: Kosiorek Piotr , Kazberuk Dorota Elżbieta , Hryniewicz Anna , Milewski Robert , Stróż Samuel , Stasiak-Barmuta Anna
Published: February 2022

Systemic vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine stimulates the humoral response.Our study aimed to compare the intensity of the humoral immune response, measured bySARS-CoV-2 IgG, SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and S-RBD neutralizing IgG antibody levels, afterCOVID-19 vaccination versus after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed 1060 people in thefollowing groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated individuals, individuals vaccinated withComirnaty, AstraZeneca, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson, and vaccinated SARS-CoV-2convalescents. The concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and S-RBDneutralizing antibodies were estimated in the oncology hospital laboratory bychemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA; MAGLUMI). Results: (1) We observed a rise inantibody response in both SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and COVID-19-vaccinated groups. (2)The levels of all antibody concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents weresignificantly higher. (3) We differentiated asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 convalescents from thecontrol group. Our analysis suggests that monitoring SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodyconcentrations is essential as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 and as a measure of theeffectiveness of the humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Considering thetime-limited effects of post-SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery or vaccination and thephysiological half-life, among other factors, we suggest monitoring the IgG antibody level as acriterion for the next vaccination.
Myth, Religion, and National Identity: Mythologization in Serbia in the Period of National Crisis
Authors: Nedeljković Saša
Published: February 2022

An at­tempt has been ma­de in this pa­per to study the cog­ni­ti­ve com­po­nent of the­i­sa­tion and mytho­lo­gi­sa­tion in Ser­bia wit­hin the pe­riod of na­ti­o­nal cri­sis, both on in­sti­tu­ti­o­nal and in­di­vi­dual le­vel. The pa­per is ba­sed on a re­se­arch ini­ti­a­ted in 1998 and com­ple­ted in 2000, thus it en­com­pas­ses pe­ri­ods pri­or to, du­ring, and af­ter the NA­TO ag­gres­sion. In­sti­tu­ti­o­nal le­vel was sur­veyed thro­ugh texts from war edi­ti­ons of "The Mi­li­tary" ma­ga­zi­ne, whi­le the in­di­vi­dual one was sur­veyed thro­ugh opi­ni­ons and tho­ughts of the Bel­gra­de stu­dent’s po­pu­la­tion. Re­se­arch re­sults in­di­ca­te the exi­sten­ce of cor­re­la­tion bet­we­en the two le­vels re­gar­ding ways and de­gre­es of myth usa­ge, as well as cer­tain dif­fe­ren­ces.
The $U$-plane of rank-one 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ KK theories
Authors: Closset Cyril , Magureanu Horia
Published: February 2022

The simplest non-trivial 5d superconformal field theories (SCFT) are
the famous rank-one theories with E_nEn
flavour symmetry. We study their UU-plane,
which is the one-dimensional Coulomb branch of the theory on
\mathbb{R}^4 \times S^1ℝ4×S1.
The total space of the Seiberg-Witten (SW) geometry – the
E_nEn
SW curve fibered over the UU-plane
– is described as a rational elliptic surface with a singular fiber of
type I_{9-n}I9−n
at infinity. A classification of all possible Coulomb branch
configurations, for the E_nEn
theories and their 4d descendants, is given by Persson’s classification
of rational elliptic surfaces. We show that the global form of the
flavour symmetry group is encoded in the Mordell-Weil group of the SW
elliptic fibration. We study in detail many special points in parameters
space, such as points where the flavour symmetry enhances, and/or where
Argyres-Douglas and Minahan-Nemeschansky theories appear. In a number of
important instances, including in the massless limit, the
UU-plane
is a modular curve, and we use modularity to investigate aspects of the
low-energy physics, such as the spectrum of light particles at strong
coupling and the associated BPS quivers. We also study the gravitational
couplings on the UU-plane,
matching the infrared expectation for the couplings
A(U)A(U)
and B(U)B(U)
to the UV computation using the Nekrasov partition function.
ANALYSIS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: AND CORRELATION BETWEEN NCCT FINDINGS AND GCS ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Department of Neuro-Anaesthesia and Critical Care, SKIMS Srinagar., Masood Khan Aymen , Ajaz Khan Azhar ,   Department of Urology, GMC Srinagar., Masood Khan Suhail ,   Department of Urology, GMC Jammu., Nazir Kanth Anzeen ,   Department of Paediatrics, GMC Jammu., Rashid Haider ,   Department of Cardiology, SKIMS Srinagar.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: TBI is one of the primary causes of disability, illness, and death in people of all ages all over the world. In addition to clinical evaluation by the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), cerebral abnormalities in these individuals can be found early by computed tomography (CT), which is still the primary study of choice in the majority of TBI cases. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to see if the Glasgow coma scale and CT findings in individuals with head trauma correlated. Material and Methods: After receiving ethical committee clearance, prospective research was undertaken for a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital in North India. The Glasgow coma score was applied to 77 TBI cases, and computed tomography was conducted on all of them, with the results recorded. IBM Corp.'s SPSS statistics for Windows, was used to analyse the data. Results: Head trauma was most prevalent in people aged 26 to 35. (27.2 percent). The average age was 40.97 14.09 years, with a standard deviation of 14.09 years. Males made up the majority of the patients (83.1 percent). Road traffic accidents were the most prevalent cause of head injuries (84.4 percent). Half of the patients evaluated (50.6 percent) had severe head damage, followed by moderate (33.7 percent) and mild (15.5 percent) brain injury, according to GCS score. Intracranial haemorrhages were observed in 55 (71.42 percent) CT images, making them the most prevalent single or multiple lesions finding. In 45 (61%) of the patients, skull fractures were discovered. Midline shift was seen in 25 instances, with 18 individuals with serious head injuries having a midline displacement of less than 5mm. Patients with a low GCS had more CT results than those with a high GCS. The mean GCS score of individuals with a single lesion (11.3 1.99) differed significantly from the mean GCS of patients with multiple lesions (8.92 2.45). Conclusions: The degree of head damages as measured by the Glasgow coma scale and CT findings in individuals with head trauma were shown to be positively correlated in our study.
MEASURING AGRI TOURISM AS A VEHICLE FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL RAJASTHAN
Authors: Srivastava Surabhi
Published: February 2022

Agri tourism is not new among tourism stakeholders. For any agricultural dependent economy agritourism could be a keystone for socio economic wellbeing. Agri tourism involved all the regular activities on the farms in order to provide the natural and authentic cultural aroma to the tourists. They enjoy the heritage food, which is prepared by ancient methods. The concept of Agri tourism applies as a strategy for community development at various rural areas of the globe. It acts like a hybrid process that upholds the community and revitalize the visitors through its natural aroma. The present study tries to quantify that whether the agritourism could be the catalyst for farmers or not. Secondly how the real benefits could reach to the community. This study took a case of Rajasthan agri tourism which is in infant stage. Few villages pull tourists towards the sanctity and authenticity of heritage. The present study is based on few independent factors (climate, methods of farming, accessibility, natural heritage) and dependent factors (cleanliness/ Hygiene, Language, unique services, indigenous traditions) taken for the study in order to measure its viability for the economic development of rural community (EDC) of Rajasthan. Another independent factor is the financial assistance and the division of share in partnering the agritourism business. The study provides a complete literature review of Agri tourism with an analytical assessment of factors accountable as a driver for the economic growth of rural inhabitants. Agritourism is still a concept in many places. Though it applies on few farms successfully but most of farms are created for tourists and direct EDC are not get benefitted. Factors chosen for study were a great help to comprehend the viability of the concept. Rajasthan is a state already recognized by tourists as a cultural destination, yet not touched successfully the agritourism business. Traditional method of farming with heritage food, customs, livelihoods are the biggest variable for EDC. The case analyses defined that the dependent factors are still needed for proper economic development of community & the combination of two would provide the authentic picture and accommodating to uphold the community. This study suggested a model that counters all the challenges faced in developing agritourism. The paper offers lots of entrepreneurial opportunities for rural community that up lift not only their economic level but also could help to raise their social and cultural strata. The research is an eye opening for the investors and authorities that with little effort the social, cultural and economic development of the rural community.
A SURVEY ON SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE AIDED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT
Authors:   Research Scholar, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi Belagavi., H.K Shankaramurthy , R. Sushma ,   Assistant Professor, Rani Channamma University.
Published: February 2022

India is democratic country, here every child has right to get education. They have the right to receive all type of education according to their needs and capacity, whether that capacity is small or great. Our democratic principle states that all children have equal right to learn whether they are below average, average, bright, dull, retarded, blind, deaf, crippled, delinquent and emotionally disturbed in their capacities to learn. Equal opportunity indicates two things â€“one equality of access to school education and second one equality of success in school. Every society has value to give social justice and is anxious to improve that lot of the common man and cultivate all available talent and potentiality must ensure progressive equal opportunity to all sections of the nation. Every class room there some different students who have some lacks in learning, they have needed extra support, helps from the teacher to learn. Teacher must try to understand special students needs. If they are not trying to understand their needs later may they drop out from the school. As a facilitating teacher we are failure to understand the special needs of such children have been major factors of our failure to reach the target of free and compulsory and universalization of school education. UNESCO defined the concept of inclusive education All children learn together, regardless of any difficulties they may have. Inclusive school must find out and respond to the diverse needs of their students, accommodating both different styles and rates of learning and ensuring quality education to all through appropriate curricula, organizational arrangements, teaching methods, strategies and learning resources use.
CREATIVITY AMONG THE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS - A STUDY
Authors:   Guest Faculty, Department of Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University., Vasantha Rao M.
Published: February 2022

The present study is a study of the creativity among secondary school students. The objectives of the present study are to find out the creativity of the secondary school students with regard to the dimensions like Alternatives, Uses and Similarities and to find out whether there is any significant difference between the knowledge of boys and girls, rural and urban students and Government and private school students of creativity. The stratified random sampling technique is taken for this study. The sample consists of 120 students of secondary school level. Each sub sample of variable consists of equal number of students. The questionnaires developed of this study contained 19 questions on verbal creativity tool prepared by Wallach and Kogan.
PEACEFUL JIHĀD DAN PENDIDIKAN DERADIKALISASI AGAMA
Authors: Sulasman Sulasman
Published: February 2022

The Islamic Boarding School (Pondok Pesantren) Miftahul Huda was originatelly identical with the radicalism movement not only because of its exclusivism in religious activities, the criticism  toward the government, but also the identification of its members with DI/TII movement and FPI. In line with internal and external dynamics, this boarding school reoriented its movement from physical jihād  to the path of education and peaceful dakwah or in Lukens-Bull’s perspective it is so-called peaceful jihād. The process of self-domestication and the movement of de-radicalization in this boarding was executed by six ways. They are internalizing the values of boarding school, increasing the Islamic perspective, adopting schools system, providing the education of hubb al-waṭan, using local wisdom, and developing skill education. The strategy of de­-radicalization applied by Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School is divided into three efforts; preventive de-radicalization, preservative de-radicalization, and curative de-radicalization. The results was shown that the students, alumni, and the boarding schools incorporated in Miftahul Huda Islamic boarding school networking system that appears in peace, moderate, and tolerance appearance.***Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda semula identik dengan gerakan “radikal” baik karena pandangan eksklusivismenya dalam beragama, kritisisme terhadap Pemerintah, maupun karena keidentikkan beberapa personalnya dengan gerakan DI/TII dan FPI. Sejalan dengan dinamika internal dan eksternal, pondok pe­santren ini pun mereorientasi gerakannya dari jihād fisik ke jalur pendidikan dan dakwah damai atau dalam perspektif Lukens-Bull dikenal sebagai jihad damai (peaceful jihād). Proses menjinakkan diri dan gerakannya, yang dikenal dengan deradikalisasi, dilalui oleh pondok pesantren ini dengan enam cara, yakni inter­nali­sasi nilai-nilai pesantren, perluasan perspektif keislaman, adopsi sistem sekolah, pendidikan hubb al-waṭan, penggunaan local wisdom, dan pendidikan keterampilan. Upaya deradikalisasi yang dilakukan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda berkisar pada tiga strategi, yakni pencegahan, pemeliharaan budaya damai, dan pemulihan bagi yang terdampak radikal. Hasilnya, para santri, alumni, dan pesantren yang tergabung dalam sistem jaringan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda muncul dalam wajah damai, moderat, dan toleran.
Reading ‘Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay, and Pirtha’ amongst the Barabaig Tribe of Eastern Tanzania
Authors:   MFA, JD, PhD, Nevada State College., Cappelli Mary Louisa
Published: February 2022

The Barabaig peoples are vulnerable economic and ecological refugees pushed to the furthest corner of the Bosutu Plains of Eastern Tanzania to eke out a subsistence existence amidst encroaching capital and globalizing forces. In many ways, the Barabaig face struggles similar to those encountered by the tribals in Mahasweta Devi’s “Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay, and Pirtha.” In this essay, I offer my own ethnographic research to survey the anguish of the Barabaig peoples who try to hold onto their cultural traditions and ways of life in a world geared towards globalized progress. In so doing, I demonstrate how the construction of tribal songs and mythohistories challenge global dynamics and renegotiate gendered positions within dominantly indigenous patriarchal contested spaces. These powerful stories and songs reflect how indigenous mothers imagine and control their own gendered history and preserve their cultural identity and traditional livelihood.
Queering the City: The Urban Chronicles of Pedro Lemebel
Authors:   Ph.D, Department of Germanic & Romance Studies, University of Delhi,, Tyagi Neha
Published: February 2022

In most of the societies around the world the underrepresentation of transgender and queer people in the spatial structures creates a setting for their subordination and exploitation. Moreover, this social discrimination is reflected in the queer spatial experiences, which are mostly restricted and prohibited, especially in the public spaces/sphere. Recognizing the marginalization and repression of the non-heteronormative queer identities, the paper would like to read on the works of Pedro Lemebel (1952-2015), one of the most prolific writer within the context of the Chilean dictatorship (1973-1990) and post-dictatorship period and understand how his chronicles departs from the oppressed social space of/for queer people to stress on the subversive political strategies and spatial practices or what I call it here as ‘queering’, through which city space(s) could be re-signified by these non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities as a site for their vindication and visibilization.
Poetics of the Symbolist “Text-myth” by Andrey Bely
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk, Russia, 677000., Oshchepkova Anna Igorevna
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the peculiar poetics of Andrey Bely’s symbolist “novel-myth”. The mythological-poetic structure of “The Silver Dove” as a symbolist “text-myth” implies a special type of narration oriented towards heterogeneous artistic language. Andrey Bely’s short novel is characterized by complex narrative architectonics based on stylization and orientation to the third party’s speech.
Recent Developments in Pyrazofurin Analogue Design
Authors: Chen X. , Sauer D.R. , Schnellert S.W.
Published: February 2022

Nucleosides of 5-membered heterocycles are playing a prominent role in the design of antiviral agents. Included in this group is 4- hydroxy-3-( -D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole-5-carboxamide (pyrazofurin), which is a naturally occurring C-nucleoside that shows significant broad spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. The extent of its antiviral properties is represented by its activity against pox-, picorna, toga-, myxo-, rhabdo-, arena-, and bunyaviruses with a high degree of selectivity. Even with its promising activity and broad safety margin in cell cultures, there have been reports that the toxicity of pyrazo­ furin may limit its usefulness as an antiviral agent. However, others have suggested that the toxicity of pyrazofurin is unlikely to be associated with the structural components that are responsible for its antiviral properties. To evaluate this suggestion for the purpose of producing non-toxic pyrazofurin-derived agents that are effective against the virus groups mentioned above, structural modifications in pyrazofurin have recently been the subject of work in this laboratory. These efforts are described.
Development of Agents to Modulate the Effects of Endothelin
Authors: Cheng X.-M. , Nikam S.S. , Doherty A.M.
Published: February 2022

Due partly to a greater understanding of the role of regulatory peptides and proteins in the pathophysiology of human disease there is considerable interest in designing agents that will modulate their effects. Endothelin-1 and its isopeptides belong to a family of novel vasoconstrictor agents first isolated from porcine aortic endothelial cells and subsequently found to be secreted from a variety of cell types. These peptides have potent biological effects on cardiovascular, renal, endocrine and neurological function. The rational design of receptor agonists and antagonists or proce­
ssing inhibitors from a ligand of interest, requires an understanding of the binding mode of the
natural ligand(s) to the receptor(s) or enzyme and the relative importance of individual residues to binding. Screening of compound libraries and lead optimization techniques have also lead to pote'lt antagonists and processing enzyme inhibitors. This review will describe the progress
achieved to date using both of these techniques to discover novel and potent endothelin agonists and antagonists of differing selectivity for the known ET receptor subtypes. Progress towards to design of endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors is also discussed. the discovery of agents to modulate the effects of endothelin will prove useful in elucidating the role of the endothelin family of peptides in human physiology and pathophysiology.
A new perspective on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and sleep deprivation-related conse-quences: Curcumin
Authors: Akkol Esra Küpeli , Bardakcı Hilal , Yücel Çiğdem , Karatoprak Gökçe Şeker , Karpuz Büşra , Khan Haroon , Khayatkashani Maryam , Alizadeh Pooyan , Kashani Hamid Reza Khayat
Published: February 2022

Sleep problems and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are two disorders often seen together. Age-related structural and physiological changes in certain parts of the brain lead to changes in sleep patterns. Conditions such as AD also affect these areas of the brain, thus changing the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep disorders likewise adversely affect the course of the disease. Sleep quality is important for the proper functioning of the memory. Impaired sleep is also associated with problems in some areas of the brain that play a key role in learning and memory functions. Changes in the brain seen in aging and AD disrupt sleep and memory processes, leading increased cognitive impairment. In addition to synthetic drugs, treatment with plants has also become a preferred factor in the treatment. Curcuminoids, which are in the structure of diarylheptanoid, are the main components of turmeric. Curcumin has multiple applications in treatment regimes of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and aging. Besides these applications and activities, curcumin has been reported to be effective in many neurodegenerative diseases. There are plenty of studies show-ing that curcumin can lead significant improvements in the pathological process of AD. Despite many important positive effects, the therapeutic limitation of curcumin is its low solubility and bioavailabil-ity. New approaches are needed to solve this problem and many studies have focused different types of advanced nanoformulations. This review summarizes the available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and sleep deprivation-related consequences.
Cultura digital, ensino remoto emergencial e formação continuada de professores da Educação Básica:
Authors: Nonato Emanuel do Rosário Santos , Cavalcante Tarsio Ribeiro
Published: February 2022

A inserção da cultura digital na vida escolar implica a formação continuada de professores para o uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e da comunicação. A experiência do Ensino Remoto Emergencial na pandemia da COVID-19 desvelou a fragilidade dessa formação continuada dos docentes da Educação Básica no Brasil. Através de um Survey com 375 docentes, esta pesquisa cruzou a experiência prévia com tecnologias na Educação, a formação continuada para uso dessas tecnologias e os dados do Ensino Remoto Emergencial. O estudo demonstrou que a experiência docente com tecnologias educacionais desconexas daquelas demandadas pelo Ensino Remoto Emergencial constituiu-se no fator mais relevante para a construção das estratégias pedagógicas durante a pandemia.
Analítica da aprendizagem aplicada à formação do pedagogo a distância na área da Gestão Escolar
Authors: Gonçalves Marluce Torquato Lima , Nunes João Batista Carvalho
Published: February 2022

A analítica da aprendizagem (learning analytics) é um campo de pesquisa ainda em estágio inicial na América Latina, inclusive no Brasil. Este artigo objetiva estabelecer um modelo preditivo, com base na analítica da aprendizagem, que auxilie no acompanhamento do desempenho dos alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia na modalidade de educação a distância, de uma universidade localizada no Estado do Ceará (Brasil) e participante do Sistema UAB, no tocante à formação na área de gestão escolar. Adotou-se o método estatístico, mediante a aplicação da técnica de regressão logística multinomial a categorias de ações realizadas no Moodle por 274 estudantes em duas disciplinas da área de gestão escolar, distribuídos em sete polos. Os resultados evidenciaram categorias de ações que interferem diretamente no desempenho do estudante, seja para ser aprovado, reprovado por nota ou por falta, revelando a necessidade de mudanças no design do curso.
(In) Formação de professores americanos sobre estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Rondini Carina Alexandra , Pereira Nielsen
Published: February 2022

Apresenta-se reflexão acerca do processo (in)formativo e práxis de agentes educacionais (n = 15) de duas escolas de duas cidades de pequeno porte no Condado de Tippecanoe, no estado de Indiana, Estados Unidos, no tocante aos estudantes com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, com o apoio do Software IRAMUTEQ. Os participantes revelaram-se distantes do perfil geral dos agentes educacionais brasileiros, os quais se colocam como dependentes das intervenções legais, são passivos no seu processo de (in)formação e alienados para a práxis de diferenciação instrucional e curricular, que desconsidera os diferentes níveis e perfis dos estudantes. Diversamente, a práxis dos participantes assenta-se na formação básica que considera imprescindível o desenvolvimento pleno de seus estudantes e em níveis de excelência.
Retention rate of resin sealants in dental enamel with structural alterations: a systematic review.
Authors: Jiménez-Díaz Javiera , Curtze-Scotts Gabriela , Barahona-Fuentes Guillermo
Published: February 2022

Resin sealants have been used preventively and therapeutically in tooth enamel. The latter can present different conditions in its structure. In this sense, adhesive retention in enamel has ample evidence of its effectiveness, but not in enamel with structural alterations. In this way, it is relevant to know the adhesive retention of these materials and how they behave over time in enamel with variations in its composition. To determine the retention rate of resin sealants in tooth enamel with structural alterations. The study is part of a systematic review following the PRISMA protocol. Articles published between 2010 and 2020 on the retentive behavior of resin sealants in dental with structural alterations were examined. The electronic search was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Medline. Those articles that used resin sealants in dental enamel with structural alterations were incorporated in clinical trials. Results: Eight articles were found. These were stratified according to the application surface; (i) carious surface, (ii) surface with fluorosis and (iii) surface with hypomineralization of the molar incisor. It was evidenced that the retention rate of resin sealants on decayed enamel is 80% on average, in enamel with dental fluorosis 67.5% and enamel with hypomineralization of the molar incisor 72% 2 years after their application. The retentive behavior of resin sealants on enamel with structural alterations is adequate for the three application surfaces. However, further studies are required regarding dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization. The most significant evidence on the retention rate was found on various surfaces.
Evaluation of secondary cancers, synchronous and metachronous with bladder cancer
Authors: Eshagh Hoseini Seyed Jalal , Heidari Mohammad , Fatemi Manesh Hassan
Published: February 2022

The number of bladder cancer survivors worldwide is increasing due to the advancement of diagnostic methods and bladder cancer treatment. Besides, bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Nowadays, many secondary cancers have been proven with bladder cancer. This study focused on synchronous and metachronous cancers with bladder cancer. This study was performed retrospectively. A total of 276 patients with a definitive diagnosis of bladder cancer were included in the study. Tumors were diagnosed using ultrasound and cystoscopy. Out of 276 patients with bladder tumor, 240 underwent resection, 25 underwent radical cystectomy, and 31 underwent chemotherapy in addition to resection.
The mean age of patients was 65±3.9 years. Among the patients, 184 were male (67%), and 92 were female (33%). Smoking was the most common known risk factor. There were 165 smokers, 135 of whom were male and 30 female. Sixty-nine patients had no known risk factor (P <0.05). Gastric cancer was the most common secondary cancer with bladder cancer in all individuals (5.7%). Prostate cancer (20%) in men and cervical cancer (11.9%) in women was the most common secondary cancer simultaneous with bladder cancer. Given the importance of SPC as a cause of cancer death, early detection and screening of primary cancer survivors will increase patients' life expectancy and quality of life.
Readiness to Embrace Artificial Intelligence Among Medical Doctors and Students: Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Boillat Thomas , Nawaz Faisal A , Rivas Homero
Published: February 2022

Background

Similar to understanding how blood pressure is measured by a sphygmomanometer, physicians will soon have to understand how an artificial intelligence–based application has come to the conclusion that a patient has hypertension, diabetes, or cancer. Although there are an increasing number of use cases where artificial intelligence is or can be applied to improve medical outcomes, the extent to which medical doctors and students are ready to work and leverage this paradigm is unclear.

Objective

This research aims to capture medical students’ and doctors’ level of familiarity toward artificial intelligence in medicine as well as their challenges, barriers, and potential risks linked to the democratization of this new paradigm.

Methods

A web-based questionnaire comprising five dimensions—demographics, concepts and definitions, training and education, implementation, and risks—was systematically designed from a literature search. It was completed by 207 participants in total, of which 105 (50.7%) medical doctors and 102 (49.3%) medical students trained in all continents, with most of them in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and North America.

Results

The results revealed no significant difference in the familiarity of artificial intelligence between medical doctors and students (P=.91), except that medical students perceived artificial intelligence in medicine to lead to higher risks for patients and the field of medicine in general (P<.001). We also identified a rather low level of familiarity with artificial intelligence (medical students=2.11/5; medical doctors=2.06/5) as well as a low attendance to education or training. Only 2.9% (3/105) of medical doctors attended a course on artificial intelligence within the previous year, compared with 9.8% (10/102) of medical students. The complexity of the field of medicine was considered one of the biggest challenges (medical doctors=3.5/5; medical students=3.8/5), whereas the reduction of physicians’ skills was the most important risk (medical doctors=3.3; medical students=3.6; P=.03).

Conclusions

The question is not whether artificial intelligence will be used in medicine, but when it will become a standard practice for optimizing health care. The low level of familiarity with artificial intelligence identified in this study calls for the implementation of specific education and training in medical schools and hospitals to ensure that medical professionals can leverage this new paradigm and improve health outcomes.
Utilizing Big Data From Google Trends to Map Population Depression in the United States: Exploratory Infodemiology Study
Authors: Wang Alex , McCarron Robert , Azzam Daniel , Stehli Annamarie , Xiong Glen , DeMartini Jeremy
Published: February 2022

Background

The epidemiology of mental health disorders has important theoretical and practical implications for health care service and planning. The recent increase in big data storage and subsequent development of analytical tools suggest that mining search databases may yield important trends on mental health, which can be used to support existing population health studies.

Objective

This study aimed to map depression search intent in the United States based on internet-based mental health queries.

Methods

Weekly data on mental health searches were extracted from Google Trends for an 11-year period (2010-2021) and separated by US state for the following terms: “feeling sad,” “depressed,” “depression,” “empty,” “insomnia,” “fatigue,” “guilty,” “feeling guilty,” and “suicide.” Multivariable regression models were created based on geographic and environmental factors and normalized to the following control terms: “sports,” “news,” “google,” “youtube,” “facebook,” and “netflix.” Heat maps of population depression were generated based on search intent.

Results

Depression search intent grew 67% from January 2010 to March 2021. Depression search intent showed significant seasonal patterns with peak intensity during winter (adjusted P<.001) and early spring months (adjusted P<.001), relative to summer months. Geographic location correlated with depression search intent with states in the Northeast (adjusted P=.01) having higher search intent than states in the South.

Conclusions

The trends extrapolated from Google Trends successfully correlate with known risk factors for depression, such as seasonality and increasing latitude. These findings suggest that Google Trends may be a valid novel epidemiological tool to map depression prevalence in the United States.