bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role Of BP2MI and The Department of Manpower & Transmigration in The Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) In The Era of Covid 19 in Central Java Province
Authors:   Departement of Law, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Shaleh Ali Ismail , Pertiwi Dwika Ananda Agustina ,   Departement of Law, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Shalihah Fitriatus ,   Departement of Law, Diponegoro University, Semarang
Published: January 2021

Indonesian Migrant Workers are Indonesian citizens who will and are working abroad, BP2MI and DISNAKER play an active role in channeling PMI abroad, so that in the Covid-19 era there were various policies issued by the government for the protection of PMI in Central Java Province, This study aims to analyze the role of BP2MI and DISNAKER in the protection of PMI in Central Java. As well as to analyze the obstacles faced in the Covid-19 era. This research method uses the Socio Legal approach obtained through primary data sources and secondary data sources which are analyzed using descriptive methods analytical. The results of this study indicate that the Covid 19 epidemic has affected the sending of PMI abroad so that the role of BP2MI and DISNAKER is very urgent in protecting PMI abroad based on Law No. 18 of 2017 concerning PMI protection, the conclusion of this study the government must guarantee protection against every PMI which will be channeled through Central Java Province in the Covid 19 era.
Design Plant Disease Detection System Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia, Salassa Xosya , Al Qarni Wais ,   Department of Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia, Novanza Trional ,   Department of Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia, Diasa Fahmi Guntara ,   Department of Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia, Inda Septa ,   Department of Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is an agrarian country whose people mostly work in agriculture by contributing to the 3rd largest GDP. But on the other hand, the main problem in agriculture is the development of pests and diseases of crops. There are cases where there are crops that are attacked by diseases with less obvious symptoms for farmers. For example, in citrus plants that are attacked by CVPD. Initially, the citrus plant does not show too early symptoms of the disease, making it difficult to distinguish from healthy plants. Based on these problems early detection and identification of plant diseases are the main factors to prevent and reduce the spread of plant diseases. The study used deep learning methods with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm model. The dataset used comes from PlantVillage with a total of 20,639 leaf image files that have been classified based on their respective classes. The design of the model architecture is done by designing the CNN model following the DenseNet121 architecture, by changing the parameters to improve the accuracy results. Image size is 64, train shape (20639, 64, 64, 3), epoch value 50,100, and 150. The number of input layers used is 4 layers with shapes (64, 64, 3). Densenet121 shape (1024), global average pooling2D shape (1024), batch normalization 2 (1024), dropout (1024), dense (256), batch normalization 3 (256), root (Dense) (15). This research was conducted with 3 epoch iteration tests to find the best accuracy value. The training data for epoch 50,100, and 150 produces an average model accuracy of 99.38% and the average value of the model loss is 0.019% can also be seen from the testing data results for epoch 50,100, and 150 has an average model of 95.16% and can be seen also from the average value for the loss is 0.20%. Based on the algorithm that applied the resulting training accuracy of 99.58% and the accuracy of testing 96.41% then design this application is useful to accurately detect diseases in plants by using leaf imagery of the plant.
Anti-Metastatic And Anti-Proliferative Effect Of Clove Essential Oil Extract In Reduction Of Breast Cancer Cell
Authors:   Departement Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Faris Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Breast cancer is 2nd leading cause of death in developing countries, including Indonesia. Incidence of breast cancer continues to increase in worldwide and the mortality is increasing in developing countries too. This disease has heterogeneous and multifactorial character so the treatment is the key to reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy. Current treatment using chemotherapy turned to be toxic for a long time and had unwanted effects. Cloves are native to Maluku, Indonesia, which are widely used for medical purposes because its contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, and anesthetic compounds. Research in 2018 showed that clove extract was also able to reduce the growth and spread of cancer cells, especially breast cancer. The ease of making clove extract is an advantage that should not be wasted considering its potential. This study uses scooping review method to search various journals in English and Indonesian through Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus database in 2010-2019. The keyword used were “breast cancer” AND “eugenol” OR “breast cancer” AND “clove”.The studies showed that eugenol contained in cloves was able to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells in 4µM and 8µM with average inhibition is 76,4 % and doses of 5µM and 10µM with average inhibition is 68,1%. Eugenol capable to reduce matrix metalloprotein (MMP-2 and MMP-9) which play role in metastatic process and increase apoptosis genes Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and Caspase-9.Clove extract has potential to reduce breast cancer cells through anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative effect.
Student's Perception toward The Use of Tik Tok in Learning English Vocabulary
Authors:   State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Kediri, Fahdin Risma Galuh Pitaloka
Published: January 2021

Background: Nowadays, Tik Tok as one of the most popular applications influences the growth of its users significantly because it can be used for educational purposes. The growth of content creators that teaches everything based on their background knowledge takes positive impact on people who watch their videos. Especially videos that increase vocabulary and the usage of it, for example, a video that shows people do something while mention what they do can be called as verb. Today, many content creators make English material content. One of the reasons people difficult to understand English language is because they do not understand the meaning. This study aims to describe the influence of Tik Tok to improve vocabularies. By improving various vocabularies they are easy to understand what they read, speak, and listen. Junior high school and senior high school students were the participants of this research. Method: This research used survey as research design by applying online questionnaire as instrument. Results: The findings of this research show that short videos on Tik Tok that contain English material contents help them to expand their English vocabularies. Students show positive feedback of utilizing Tik Tok as their language learning media that the English content videos easy to understand and easy to memorize various vocabularies they found on those videos, like vocabularies about verbs, nouns, etc. Conclusion: Using Tik Tok as the media for learning language can be considered nowadays. Students expressed positive impact of English material contents that increase their vocabulary by watching those videos.
Analytical Study of Character Education Patterns by Luqmanul Hakim (Research of Surah Luqman Verses 12-19)
Authors:   Islamic University of Indonesia, Hafni Nur , Luthfiana Fika ,   Islamic University of Indonesia, Sari Tita Radhiya ,   Islamic University of Indonesia, Nudin Burhan ,   Islamic University of Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Background : Character education is a conscious effort to educate and empower students to have individual characters, attitudes, and morals in accordance with social norms so that they benefit themselves and society. In 2018, KPAI handled 1885 cases. There are 504 children who become criminals, starting from drug offenders, stealing, to immoral cases being the most cases. The KPAI also stated that the cases of brawl in Indonesia increased by 1.1% throughout 2018. In 2017, the number of brawl cases was 12.9%, but increased to 14% in 2018. This shows that character education is one of the problems that threatens the morals, attitudes and behavior of adolescents today. Method : The writing method used is a narrative literature study with a descriptive approach. Result : Based on the literature, it is found that the character education pattern contained in the story of Luqmanul Hakim begins with the role of parents in instilling the correct monotheism and aqidah in a child so that he will not commit shirk and deny Allah as Lord of the universe. Then introducing the syari'ah to do good to parents is one of the noble deeds with Allah. Furthermore, teaching prayer since childhood. Prayers can prevent evil and evil actions. The next thing is to teach children to do good to others so that goodness will give birth to noble attitudes and morals. The method of advice and habituation is the main key to the successful application of this character education pattern. Conclusion : The pattern of character education in the Luqmanul Hakim story begins with the role of parents instilling tauhid, syari'at to do good to parents, worship, and instill good and noble morals in a child.
Description of Mathematical Reasoning Ability for Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tawangsari Class XI-MIPA 3 on Matrix Material
Authors:   Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Saputro Nikodemus Cahyo , Prasetyo Krisdianto Hadi ,   Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Wulandari Andhika Ayu ,   Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how the students' mathematical reasoning abilities towards the matrix material. The data in this study were obtained from the results of filling out questionnaires and also interviews. Sources of data in this study were the subjects from which the data were obtained, namely students of class XI-MIPA 3 SMA N 1 Tawangsari. The data analysis technique used was data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the data analysis from the questionnaire showed that the average percentage of student responses to mathematical reasoning abilities on the matrix material was 60.75% and was in the medium category. With the percentage on each indicator, namely on indicator 1 (students do calculations with the applicable mathematical formula / rules) of 55.63% so that it is included in the moderate category, students with the moderate category have aspects of the ability to understand question commands and are only weak at calculation operations. In indicator 2 (students draw general conclusions based on mathematical processes / concepts) the percentage is 61.25% so it is included in the medium category. In indicator 3 (students make estimates) the percentage is 81.25% so that it is included in the high category, students with high categories have aspects of the ability to understand question commands, question logic and can complete counting operations. While the percentage on indicator 4 (students draw conclusions based on the similarity of mathematical processes / concepts that are seen) is 54.5% so it is included in the low category, students with low categories have aspects of the question's melogical ability and are only weak in counting operations. The average percentage of the four indicators is 63.16% so that student responses can be said to be in the medium category. In this study, checking the validity of the data used triangulation techniques, namely by comparing the results of the study with the results of interviews. From the comparison of data analysis with questionnaires and interviews, it can be concluded that students with mathematical reasoning on the matrix material are in the medium category.
Optimizing The Waste Biomass Of Peanut Shells And Water Hyacinth As An Environmentally Friendly Power Plant
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Irawati Irawati , Azizah Annisa Hasna Bilqis ,   Depertment of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Pratomo Bagas Hadi ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Published: January 2021

According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia, shows that coal deposit in Indonesia about 7,3 - 8,3 billion ton are exhausted in 2036, while cruel oil around 4,7 billion barrels are exhausted in 2028, and fuel gas is estimated to run out more quickly in 2027. So it needs alternative energy as a solution in dealing with energy problems in the world, one of them the solution is the utilization of biomass. The cellulose in the biomass is potentially to use as alternative energy, for example, the peanut shell and water hyacinth. The material goes through the process of converting from a solid mass to gas using a gasification method. The gasification method with a high temperature is one way of converting carbon-based organic materials into synthetic gases namely carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4). Synthetic gas is used as motion energy to rotate the generator until it generates electricity. Thus an eco-friendly power plant will be formed. Some research showed that the level of cellulose in the peanut shell is 63.5 %, which is capable of producing a heat engine of 14.34 MJ/Kg equivalent to 3425,05 cal/gr. Moreover, the cellulose in the water hyacinth of 64.51 % produced values the heat engine reached 4341,67 cal / g. The higher value heat engine shows that the ingredient in producing energy is bigger and it has the potential to become sources of electrical energy . In conclusion, the optimization of the cellulose in the peanut shell and water hyacinth is made as a source of environmentally friendly power plants that is expected to addressing the problem of energy depletion.
Design of Solar Powered Water Lifting System for Irrigation at Chaukune Ward No.1, Surkhet, Nepal
Authors:   Kathmandu University, Giri Sagar Sagar
Published: January 2021

Despite the availability of enough water in Nepal, there is difficulty in irrigation in most places. This is due to difficult terrain in hilly and mountainous region. Hand water pumping is possible only in terai region and grid electricity has not reached in most parts of hilly and mountainous region. For these reasons, solar water pumping from appropriate source is the best option. The main objective of this project was to design a solar powered water pumping system at Chaukune ward no 1, Surkhet, Nepal. The targeted area had water demand of 400.171 m3 per day which was supplied from a perennial river, Budhakhola. With a distance of 732 m between the pump and reservoir, a circular reservoir of diameter 11m, height 13 m and thickness 0.3 m was designed at an elevation of 219m from water surface. Solar module of rated power 24.3 kW (18 in series, 5 in parallel) was selected. The volume of storage tank is 1200.513 m3 which is sufficient to store water for 3 days with pump efficiency of 75 percent. The upfront cost, operation and maintenance, replacement cost of diesel pump are about 2-4 times higher than solar photovoltaic pump. This system does not emit greenhouse gases. Solar water pumping is found to be economically viable and environment friendly in comparison to electricity or diesel based systems for irrigation.
Narrative Review : Manufacture Of Organic Sweet Potato Based Anti-Acne Spray Gel
Authors:   Departemen of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Yahya Diyas Aledya , Permatasari Intan ,   Departemen of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kistriyani Lilis ,   Departemen of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is a plant found mostly in America. The rich content of flavonoid in sweet potato which acts as anti-oxidant can prevent premature aging and can also protect cells from damages caused by free-radicals. Flavonoid possesses an anti-bacterial nature which can disturb the cell wall function of bacteria through the mechanism of complex formation with extracellular protein. This article is written using narrative review method through electronic scientific article, journal, and textbook. Authors identified 16 articles which published from 2010-2020. Out of 16 articles, 11 of them were in match to the criteria and the results were found that the physical characteristics of anti-acne spray gel can be determined through the dispersibility test, organoleptic test, adhesivity, dry time, and stability test. For the biological characteristic of spray gel can be done using Well method for the Propinibacterium acnes. Sweet potato-based spray gel possesses physical and biological characteristic which can slows bacterial growth significantly compared to green tea shoots and purple leaf.
Antibacterial Clothing Made From Bamboo Fibers And Natural Dyes With A Combination Of Dragon Fruit, Betel, And Gambier Skin As A Solution For Using Synthetic Dyes
Authors:   Depertment of chemical engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Handayani Nurul Aulya , Putri Nelvira Yolanda ,   Depertment of chemical engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Irawati Irawati ,   Depertment of chemical engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

In the New Normal Era, cleanliness is very important to prevent the spread of Covid 19, therefore a garment that has antibacterial properties is needed, which is obtained from bamboo fibers and natural dyes. The author formulates bamboo fibers which are used as the basic material for making fabrics that contain anti-bacterial and natural dyes which are obtained by combining dragon fruit peel, gambier, lime and betel leaf which also contain antibacterial. The softening solution, namely NaOH, is then cleaned of chemical liquid and continued to separate the desired bamboo fibers. Furthermore, after obtaining bamboo fibers, clothes are made according to what they want. The dyeing of the fabric uses the method of dyeing the cloth from bamboo fibers that have been previously mordant at room temperature (27-30oC) for 10 minutes, then drying for 10 minutes. The staining will be carried out by immersing 10 times. Based on several previous studies that the bamboo fiber produced is influenced by the levels of chemicals used in the softening process, and the thickness of the blades used. The thinner the blade is used, the faster the process of forming bamboo fibers. Based on previous literature studies, it is stated that the use of natural combination ingredients consisting of dragon fruit peel, gambier, lime, betel leaf and banana sap can produce antibacterial clothing to support activities carried out in the post-pandemic period like today.
Letter Frequency In Indonesian Language Using Proportion Estimation
Authors:   Gadjah Mada University, Arief G L Tarangga
Published: January 2021

Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key. One technique of cryptanalysis is frequency analysis, using the frequency of letters to translate ciphertext to plaintext. Frequency analysis is usually used to test the success of an encryption algorithm. Every language in the world has its own property in letter frequency. This made every language had a different aspect to make sure the algorithm working properly for securing plaintext. This makes it important to know the frequency analysis in Indonesian. The method that was used in this research paper is the proportion estimate to estimate the error from the result and the data we collected is from 10,000 articles that were scrapped from the internet. The result of this paper is the frequency of each letter in the Indonesian language.
Comparative Study of Children’s Personal Data Protection Regulation on COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act) and Children and GDPR
Authors:   Department of Communication Science, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Nafi'ah Hidayatun , Hasna athifah Nur ,   Department of Communication Science, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Background: Personal data is the most fundamental right for everyone including children. Children are the most vulnerable subjects when it comes to the processing of personal data, it is because they do not have awareness and understanding of the risks of misuse of personal data. Regulations regarding the protection of children's personal data in Indonesia are already contained in the draft of personal data protection law but with very limited guidance. Through this comparative study, researchers wanted to compare the United State's COPPA(Children's Online Privacy Protection Act) with the Children and GDPR by the United Kingdom. Both of these regulations are very detailed in regulating the protection of children's personal data. This study will provide a clearer picture of children’s privacy protection regulations so that it can be used as a reference for Indonesia's draft of personal data protection law in regard to the rights of children's privacy. Method: This comparative research uses qualitative descriptive methods with library research and approach. Result: There are fundamental differences regarding the form of guidance, the definition of child, the perpetrator processing of the child's personal data, and things that are included in the child's personal data. Conclusion: The application of children's personal data protection is adjusted to the values and cultures of the country.
The Effectiveness of Prenuptial Guidance as Efforts to Strengthen Family Resilience
Authors:   Department of Islamic Family Law, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Ayatina Haerini , Jannaturrahmah Putri ,   Department of Islamic Family Law, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Astuti Fakhriyah Tri ,   Department of Islamic Family Law, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Implementation of pre-marriage courses in accordance with Regulation No. DJ, II / 491 of 2009 and Regulation No. DJ.II / 542 Year 2013 issued by the Ministry of Religion still contains a number of problems. Prenuptial guidance is carried out so that the prospective husband and wife understand the essence of the purpose of marriage. This is one of the values to strengthen family resilience, so that problems after marriage such as incompatibility and disputes can be prevented. The implementation of prenuptial guidance is carried out to prepare the prospective husband and wife both physically and psychologically, because provision of the prospective husband and wife with knowledge of family aspects while navigating family life is very important. Abstract is structured with the provisions of sub-sections in bold and is affixed two dots sign before the next word. The abstract is written in English with an abstract length of no more than 300 words by not writing literature references. Results Show that premarital courses are very important as an effort to strengthen family resilience so that prenuptial guidance is considered effective, even though it is often found that prospective husband and wife couples have difficulty understanding course material due to low education. so there is a need for socialization to increase understanding of the importance of premarital courses in the community.
Characterization of Biochars From Tropical Biomass
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta,Indonesia, Nurazaq Warit Abi , Purwantana Bambang ,   Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta,Indonesia, Radi Radi ,   Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta,Indonesia, Nugroho Andri Prima ,   Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta,Indonesia, Wongsiriamnuay Thanasit ,   Division of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Nonghan, Sansai, Chiangmai,Thailand
Published: January 2021

Tropical country has a large biomass provide from agricultural residue. The biomass has potential to be processed as biochar. In general, biochar can be utilized as soil amendment in order to increase the ability of soil to retain nutrients, reduce surface runoff, due to excess water, and adding biodiversity of soils that are very useful for plant growth. The biochar characteristics are strongly related to the feedstock types and also their pyrolysis method. This research aims to study the physical characteristics of tropical biochar and their potential suitability in soil improvement. The biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis method using a vertical bed kiln. The feedstock were 9 types of agricultural residue including: mango leaf, longan leaf, teak leaf, mango branch, longan branch, rubber branch, corncob, rice straw, and rice husk. Temperature of the pyrolisis process was in the range of 400 °C to 600 °C. The results indicated that the physical properties of feedstock affects the characteristics of biochar. The higher bulk density and fixed carbon value the greater yield of biochar. Compare to their raw materials, the average water content of biochar was reduced (0.2–3.85 %), while pH increased (7.06–9.9). The electrical conductivity in general also increased (0.11–2.9 ds.m-1 ). Bulk density changed, corncob, and branches materials decreased, while rice straw, rice husk and leaves materials increased. The water holding capacity was a fairly low number (4–20 %). Application of the utilized biochar as a soil amendment is to improve soil chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, and availability of N-P contents) and physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and water holding capacity). Application for different soil types requires different biochar characteristics, it is influenced by the type of raw material used, temperature, and combustion time.
Recognizing Patterns of Food Insecurity in Indonesia New Recommendations for Hunger Prevention Policy
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia, Novidianto Raditya , Diksa I Gusti Bagus Ngurah ,   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia, Dani Andrea Tri Rian ,   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Geographically, Indonesia is a tropical area that has two seasons so it is very suitable for agriculture. Indonesia is also known as an agricultural country. It means that most of its population works in the agricultural sector which is related to food. However, food insecurity still occurs in Indonesia. This is supported by the COVID-19 pandemic in which the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that there is a threat of food scarcity during the COVID19 pandemic. This will interfere with the SDGs second goal of ending hunger and sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study captures the causes of food insecurity in each province in Indonesia spatially using the bicluster method. The data that used is data from Susenas and Sakernas by BPS in 2019. The results of three studies using the bicluster method show that each province has different aspects and letters. The results of this research can serve as a reference for policies in dealing with hunger in Indonesia. This study uses the CC Algorithm method by Cheng and Church. In the bicluster approach, we run some parameters and do manual tunning to choose the best parameter based on the average of residue over volume (MSR/V). CC algorithm tries to get bicluster as large as possible with low MSR Value, therefore the best parameter should be the one that generates the smallest MSR/V and the smallest MSR/V is produced when sigma = 0.3. The application of the CC biclustering algorithm to the poverty structure in Indonesia produces 3 biclusters. Bicluster 1 Consist of 28 Province with 11 Variables, Bicluster 2 consists of 4 Province with 7 Variables, and Bicluster 3 consist of 2 Province with 12 variables. Variable X5 and X6, as absolute food insecurity measurement is included in all bicluster.
USER Username	Password	Remember me INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe Home Vol 12, No 2 (2020) Octaviani COVID-19 : Assessing the Role of Citizen Trust to Governments on Panic Buying Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Jurusan Psikologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya, Octaviani Amira , Akhrani Lusy Asa ,   Jurusan Psikologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 has an impact on instability in all aspects of Indonesian people's lives, one of which is the disruption of supply caused by panic buying behavior as a form of community reaction in surviving the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to determine the role of citizen trust in the government on panic buying behavior during the Pandemic COVID-19. Method: This study involved 990 participants who were Indonesian citizens, aged at least 18 years, and had been affected by the Pandemic COVID-19 (in the social, economic, educational, etc. fields). The participants obtained by using the purposive sampling technique. Citizen Trust is measured using the Citizen Trust in Government Organization (CTGO) scale belonging to Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen and Eva Knies (2015) with a reliability of 0.949 and Wijaya's panic buying (2020) with the reliability of 0.945. Research data analysis was carried out using quantitative methods with simple regression techniques. Result: The results showed that there was a role for citizen trust in the government on panic buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Conclusion: Based on the result of research conducted by researchers on 990 respondents who are Indonesian citizen (WNI), at least 18 years old and affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that public trust (citizen trust) to the Government is one of the factors in the formation of panic buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diverse Roles of Akt in T cells
Authors: Abdullah Leena , Hills L. Benjamin , Winter Evan B. , Huang Yina H.
Published: January 2021

Akt kinases translate various external cues into intracellular signals that control cell survival, proliferation, metabolism and differentiation. This review discusses the requirement for Akt and its targets in determining the fate and function of T cells. We discuss the importance of Akt at various stages of T cell development including β-selection during which Akt fulfills the energy requirements of highly proliferative DN3 cells. Akt also plays an integral role in CD8 T cell biology where its regulation of Foxo transcription factors and mTORC1 metabolic activity controls effector versus memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Finally, Akt promotes the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th1, Th17 and Tfh cells but inhibits the development of Treg cells. We also highlight how modulating Akt in T cells is a promising avenue for enhancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Who is the “Matchmaker” between Proteins and Nucleic Acids?
Authors: Xie Ping
Published: January 2021

A plenty of theories on the origin of genetic codes have been proposed so far, yet all ignored the energetic driving force, its relation to the biochemical system, and most importantly, the missing “matchmaker” between proteins and nucleic acids. Here, a new hypothesis is proposed, according to which ATP is at the origin of the primordial genetic code by driving the coevolution of the genetic code with the pristine biochemical system. This hypothesis aims to show how the genetic code was produced e.g. by photochemical reactions in a protocell that derived from a lipid vesicle enclosing various life’s building blocks (e.g. nucleotides and peptides). At extant cell, ATP is the only energetic product of photosynthesis, and is at the energetic heart of the biochemical systems. ATP could energetically form and elongate chains of both polynucleotides and polypeptides, thus acting a “matchmaker” between these two bio-polymers and eventually mediating precellular biochemical innovation from energy transformation to informatization. ATP was not the only one that could drive the formation of polynucleotides and polypeptides, but favored by precellular selection. The protocell innovated a photosynthetic system to produce ATP efficiently and regularly with the aids of proteins and RNA/DNA. The completion of permanently recording the genetic information by DNA marked the dawn of cellular life operated by Darwinian evolution. The ATP hypothesis assumes or supports the photochemical origin of life, shedding light on the origins of both photosynthetic and biochemical systems, which remain largely unknown thus far. Based on the ATP hypothesis, virus (like the new coronavirus) could not be the earliest life on Earth, as it has neither biochemical systems nor lipid bilayer membrane that provided relatively isolated environment for the development of protobiochemical reactions, although it owns the genetic code of a cellular life. Virus could not be a bridge between life and non-life, but is an anti-life substance, as it depletes cellular material for its own replication, and then spreads by destroying the host cells. It can be imagined that if cellular life are completely wiped out by the virus, the complete destruction of life on Earth would be inevitable.
Social Ecological Model of Problem Gambling: A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland
Authors: Oksanen Atte , Sirola Anu , Savolainen Iina , Koivula Aki , Kaakinen Markus , Vuorinen Ilkka , Zych Izabela , Paek Hye-Jin
Published: January 2021

Problem gambling among young people is an emerging trend globally. The online environment in particular offers various possibilities for gambling engagement. This is the first cross-national survey study using the social ecological model to analyze problem gambling, especially in the online context. The aim was to analyze how different social ecological spheres explain problem gambling. Participants were young people aged 15–25 in the United States (n = 1,212), South Korea (n = 1,192), Spain (n = 1,212), and Finland (n = 1,200). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) instrument was used as a measure for problem gambling. Regression models predicted problem gambling with measures of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and societal spheres. Spanish participants had the highest SOGS score for problem gambling. Out of the spheres, organizational-sphere measures best explained the variation in problem gambling in all countries (26%) when compared to the societal (3%), interpersonal (5%) and intrapersonal (11%) spheres. In the full model, organizational-sphere measures had strong associations with problem gambling. These included consumer debt, online gambling community participation, online casino participation, and exposure to online pop-up advertisements. Other robust predictors of problem gambling included conformity to group norms in the interpersonal sphere and male gender and impulsivity in the intrapersonal sphere. Cross-national results were similar in different countries. The online context plays a major role in problem gambling behavior. The social ecological model is a useful tool by which to tackle problem gambling and develop preventative measures.
Does Timing Matter in Radiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Hassan Soha , Ali Amira , Sohn Dennis , Floegel Uli , Jaenicke Reiner , Korf Horst Werner , von Gall Charlotte
Published: January 2021

This study investigates whether a chronotherapeutic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects on healthy liver (HL). HCC was induced in Per2::luc mice which were irradiated at four time points of the day. Proliferation and DNA-double strand breaks were investigated in irradiated and non-irradiated organotypic slice culture (OSC) and ex vivo samples by detection of Ki67 and γ-H2AX. OSC proved useful to determine dose-dependent effects on proliferation and DNA damage but appeared unsuited to test the chronotherapeutic approach. Irradiation of ex vivo samples was most effective at the proliferation peaks in HCC at ZT02 (early inactivity phase) and ZT20 (late activity phase). Irradiation effects on HL were minimal at ZT20. Ex vivo samples revealed disruption in daily variation and down-regulation of all investigated clock genes except Per1 in non-irradiated HCC as compared with HL. Irradiation affected rhythmic clock gene expression in HL and HCC at all ZTs except at ZT20. Irradiation at ZT20 had no effect on total leukocyte numbers. Our results indicate ZT20 as the optimal time point for irradiation of HCC in mice. Translational studies are now needed to evaluate whether the late activity phase is the optimal time point for irradiation of HCC in man.
Characterization of As-Prepared (PMMA-PVA)/CuO-NPs Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Alsaad Ahmad , Ahmad Ahmad , Al Dairy Abdul Raouf , Qattan Issam A. , Al Fawares Shatha , Al-Bataineh Qais
Published: January 2021

We report the synthesis and characterization of Poly Methyl-Meth-Acrylate (PMMA)/Poly vinylalcohol (PVA) polymeric blend doped with different concentrations of Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs). The (PMMA-PVA)/CuO nanocomposite hybrid thin films (wt. % = 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%) of CuO NPs are deposited on glass substrates via dip-coating technique. The transmittance (T%), reflectance (R%), the absorption coefficient (α), the optical constants [refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k)], optical dielectric functions [ɛ',ɛ''] are investigated and interpreted. Tauc, Urbach, Spitzer-Fan, and Drude models are employed to calculate the optical bandgap energy (Eg) and the optoelectronic parameters of the nanocomposite thin films. The refractive index and optical bandgap energy of of (PMMA-PVA) polymeric thin film are found to be (1.5 to 1.85) and 4.101 eV, respectively. Incorporation of specific concentrations of CuO-NPs in (PMMA-PVA) polymeric thin films leads to a noticeable decrease in the optical bandgap energy and to an increase of the refractive index. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance spectra are measured and analyzed for undoped and doped polymeric thin films to pinpoint the major vibrational modes in the spectral range (500 and 4000 cm-1), as well as, the nature of network bonding in both systems. Thermal stability of thin films is investigated by performing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA thermograms confirm that both doped polymeric thin films are thermally stable at temperatures below 110°C which enables them to be attractive for a wide range of optical and optoelectronic applications. Our results indicate that optical, vibrational and thermal properties of both polymeric thin films can be tuned for specific applications by the appropriate corporation of particular concentrations of CuO-NPs.
Evaluation and Projection of Mean Surface Temperature Using CMIP6 Models Over East Africa
Authors: Ayugi Brian , Ngoma Hamida , Babaousmail Hassen , Karim Riwzan , Iyakaremye Vedaste , T.C. Lim Kam Sian Kenny , Ongoma Victor
Published: January 2021

This study evaluates the historical mean surface temperature (hereafter T2m) and examines how T2m changes over East Africa (EA) in the 21st century using CMIP6 models. An evaluation was conducted based on mean state, trends, and statistical metrics (Bias, Correlation Coefficient, Root Mean Square Difference, and Taylor skill score). For future projections over EA, five best performing CMIP6 models (based on their performance ranking in historical mean temperature simulations) under the shared socioeconomic pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were employed. The historical simulations reveal an overestimation of the mean annual T2m cycle over the study region with fewer models depicting underestimations. Further, CMIP6 models reproduce the spatial and temporal trends within the observed range proximity. Overall, the best performing models are as follows: FGOALS-g3, HadGEM-GC31-LL, MPI-ESM2-LR, CNRM-CM6-1, and IPSL-CM6A-LR. During the three-time slice under consideration, the Multi Model Ensemble (MME) project many changes during the late period (2080 – 2100) with expected mean changes at 2.4 °C for SSP2-4.5 and 4.4 °C for the SSP5-8.5 scenario. The magnitude of change based on Sen’s slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test reveal significant increasing tendencies with projections of 0.24°C decade-1 (0.65°C decade-1) under SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenarios. The findings from this study illustrate higher warming in the latest model outputs of CMIP6 relative to its predecessor, despite identical instantaneous radiative forcing.
Licensed Anti-Microbial Drugs Logical for Clinical Trials Against Pathogens Currently Suspected in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Norins Leslie C.
Published: January 2021

There is now considerable evidence that several infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, or parasites) may play a contributing role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The six primary suspects are herpes viruses, spirochetal bacteria, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, mycobacteria, and toxoplasma parasites. Also, some of the antimicrobial and antiviral agents that are used to treat them have shown promise for AD interventions. I describe this evidence and assert it is now time to accelerate clinical trials of these existing drugs, already federally approved, to determine if such treatments can delay, halt, or reverse AD.
Proposed Model and Approach to Graduate Mentorship and Supervision During COVID-19
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: January 2021

Before COVID-19, post-secondary learning was dominated by in-person, institution-organized meetings. With the March 12, 2020 lockdown, learning became virtual, largely dependent on commercial online platforms. Already more likely to experience anxiety and depression in re-lation to their research work, perhaps no students have endured more regarding the limitations imposed by COVID-19 on their mentorship and supervision than graduate students. The in-crease in mental health issues facing graduate students has come to the attention of their post-secondary institutions. Programs have been devised with the aim of reducing these chal-lenges. However, the additional attention and funds to combat depression and anxiety have not shown anticipated results. A new approach to mitigate anxiety and depression in graduate students through mentorship and supervision is warranted. Offered here is an award-winning model featuring self-directed learning in a community based on consensus decision-making where consensus represents the adding together of different points of view rather than agreement. The approach is non-hierarchical in structure, based in narrative research. The proposed model and approach are presented and limitations considered. This model and approach are offered as a likely solution to ebb the increase in anxiety and depression in graduate stu-dents—particularly in response to COVID-19.
COVID-19 Outbreak Forecasting and Effects of Self-Restraint Against Excursions in Tokyo, Japan, as of the End of March, 2020, Before the Emergency Declaration on April 7, 2020
Authors: Sugishita Yoshiyuki , Kurita Junko , Sugawara Tamie , Ohkusa Yasushi ,   National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan,   Department of Nursing, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
Published: January 2021

In Tokyo, Japan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been increasing gradually since late March 2020. This study was aimed to predict the effects of self-restraint against excursions in Tokyo before the emergency declaration of April 7, 2020. Data of symptomatic patients collected between January 14 and March 28, 2020, in Tokyo, were used to formulate a susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model using three age classes and estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). Based on the estimated R0, we inferred outbreak outcomes and medical burdens if self-restraint against excursions had not been enacted. Thereafter, we estimated the effects of self-restraint against excursions. The results suggested an R0value of 2.86, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.73–2.97. It is likely that the exhaustion of medical resources could have occurred on April 28, 2020, if no self-restraint against excursions had occurred. If self-restraint against excursions had been enacted from April 6, 2020, and more than 60% of trips outside the home had been restricted voluntarily, medical care services would then have been predicted to be maintained. Our suggestion might have contributed to countermeasures against COVID-19 in Tokyo.
Study of New Normal Business Continuity to Improve Resilience Against Uncertain Threat
Authors: Goromaru Hideki , Kokogawa Tomohiro , Ueda Yoshihisa , Fukaya Sumiko ,   Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-0016, Japan,   International Professional University of Technology in Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   The Resilience Research Council of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly influenced a lot of organizations. Business Continuity Planning (BCP) should be developed within each organization; however, it is not effective and perplexes organizations. The COVID-19 pandemic will remain prevalent for a few years, and there is a possible future threat of other infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to learn from this pandemic and apply this knowledge to future BCP. In this study, issues with COVID-19 BCP are clarified by analyzing an online discussion among willing participants. The following suggestions resulted from the analysis: 1. It is difficult to obtain reliable information when it is necessary. 2. Decisions must be made, not knowing whether governmental measures are appropriate or not. 3. Fear results in bias. 4. Responses may delay if one is too dependent upon the assistance and information from government and/or other sources. Based on these results, BCP during the pandemic is suggested to encourage resilience during the uncertain threat expected in the future.