bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analiza intenziteta opterećenja i potrošnje energije kod plesača rekreativaca // The Intensity of the Physical Load and Energy Expenditure Analysis of Participants of Recreational Dancing
Authors: Rebula Gregor , Rebula Andrej , Zaletel Petra , Srdić Velibor , Zagorc Meta
Published: November 2017

Učestvovanje u sportskoj rekreaciji postaje sve važnije kako ista ima veliki uticaj na kvalitet ljudskog života; poboljšavajući i opšte zdravlje i fizičko stanje. Ples se ne posmatra samo kao profesionalni sport, nego je među ljudima stekao i značajnu popularnost kao vrsta rekreacije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 93 kandidata koji pohađaju časove rekreativnog plesa sa ciljem da se otkrije kakva je intenzivnost fizičkog opterećenja i potrošnje energije kod plesača. Podaci prikupljeni uz pomoć Polar Team2 sistema su korišćeni za direknto poređenje razlika u intenzitetu fizičkog opterećenja i potrošnje energije između suprotnih polova. Razlike između intenziteta fizičkog opterećenja i potrošnje energije su određene uz pomoć ANOVA metoda. Ukratko, rezultati su pokazali da su statistički značajne razlike najočiglednije u potrošnji energije, između muških i ženskih plesača. Razlike u intenzitetu fizičkog opterećenja između polova nisu pokazale nikakav statistički značaj.
Multimedijski pristup određivanju graničnih vrijednosti elemenata životne sredine sa aspekta uticaja na zdravlje sportista // Multimedia Approach to Determination of Environmental Exposure Limits From the Aspect of Impact on the Health of Sportsmen
Authors: Đukić Veljko , Živanović Cvijetin
Published: November 2017

Analizirani su nedostaci današnjeg monomedijskog pristupa određivanja graničnih koncentracija zagađenja medija životne sredine (vazduh, voda, hrana) sa aspekta uticaja na zdravlje sportista. Na primjeru zagađenja živom u dva geografska područja pokazana je nekonzistentnost i neekonomičnost ocjene ugroženosti sportista ako su granične vrijednosti donešene u postupku za svaki medij posebno, a na primjeru zagađenja vazduha, vode i hrane fenolom dokazuje se da se u različitim područjima mogu primjenjivati različite granične koncentracije za istu materiju u istom mediju uz primjenu multimedijskog pristupa određivanju graničnih vrijednosti.
Kondicioni trening u svijetlu najnovijih naučnih saznanja // Physical Conditioning Training in the Light of the Latest Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Idrizović Kemal
Published: November 2017

Čovjek je oduvijek bio svjestan da mu više fizičke aktivnosti, uz optimalnost drugih parametara kakvi su odmor i ishrana, donosi nadmoć u odnosu na ostale pripadnike njegove uže i šire zajednice. Primarno je to bilo vezano za vještine lova i ratničke vještine. Sa druge strane u periodima mira i blagostanja, čovjekova iskonska potreba za dokazivanjem i dominacijom nad drugima oko sebe, biće demonstrirana u različitim oblicima nadmetanja u čovjekovim fizičkim potencijalima, prije svega snazi i brzini. Znanja o mogućnosti povećanja tih potencijala putem upražnjavanja različitih oblika fizičke aktivnosti, odnosno vježbanja, a koja su stečena u prethodnim periodima, počeće se organizovano primjenjivati. To će se prije svega desiti u vojnim strukturama, a kasnije i kao dio dešavanja koja su prepoznata kao daleki počeci onoga što danas predstavlja sport. Koja su najnovija naučna saznanja o tome?
Utjecaj motoričkih sposobnosti na natjecateljsku uspješnost u stolnom tenisu // Influence of Motor Abilities on Competitive Efficacy in Table Tennis
Authors: Ivanek Vladimir , Mikić Branimir , Ćorluka Marin , Brekalo Mate , Čerkez Ivana
Published: November 2017

Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utjecaj pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti na natjecateljsku uspješnost stolnotenisača. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 48 najboljih seniora uzrasta 17-36 god (reprezentativni uzorak) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Uzorak ispitanika je odabran na osnovu kvalifikacionog turnira svih registriranih stolnotenisača Bosne i Hercegovine. Mjerni instrumenti za ovo istraživanje su: dvanaest varijabli za procjenu bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti i jedna varijabla za procjenu natjecateljske uspješnosti u stolnom tenisu. Metode obrade rezultata uključivale su deskriptivne statističke procedurei multiplu regresijsku analizu. Motorički prediktori primjenommultiple regresijske analize značajno su objasnili kriterijsku varijablu natjecateljska uspješnost stolnotenisača.Na osnovu rezultata multiple regresijske analize koja je sprovedena na šest neovisnih, prediktorskih varijabli iz skupa bazične motoričke sposobnosti i pozicije ispitanika na rang ljestvici stolnotenisača (BODRNG), kao i ovisnom varijablom natjecateljske uspješnosti, uz korištenje enter metode, dobivena je jedna statistički značajna regresijska funkcija. To ukazuje na to da između navedenih varijabli postoji linearna povezanost. Dobiveni koeficijent multiple korelacije je statistički značajan i iznosi R=.65, što govori da se oko 41% varijance rezultata varijable pozicija ispitanika na rang ljestvici stolnotenisača (BODRNG), može objasniti uz pomoć uključenih prediktorskih varijabli. Kao ukupno gledano najznačajniji prediktor može se izdvojiti varijabla tapinga rukom, to jest varijabla za procjenu frekvencije pokreta. Međutim, ne treba zanemariti i varijable za procjenu eksplozivne snage i to kako onih za procjenu apsolutne, tako i procjenu relativne eksplozivne snage.
Changes in the Physiological Processes During Training and Official Competitions in Young Karate Athletes / Promjene u fiziološkim procesima za vrijeme treninga i zvaničnih takmičenja kod mladih karatista
Authors: Zaborski Boško , Šakiri Kastriot , Ðukanović Nina , Kostovski Žarko
Published: November 2017

It was conducted functional and anthropological tests on a sample of ten male karate athletes aged between 15-18 years, with long training experience, and who are candidates for the National Team of the Republic of Macedonia. The research was conducted so that the dynamics and changes in the heart rate and blood lactate levels of the karate athletes can be determined during training and during official competition. The differences in the values of blood lactates and the heart rate which emerged during training and official competition are determined by using the T-test. The resulting values for the blood lactate level show a statistically significant difference during training and official competition in all measurements at the level p <0.00. The same conclusion applies to the heart rate values, where we can also register a statistically significant difference in the values gathered during training and during official competition (p <0.00) as well as after warm up and after the measurements in all three fights.
Functional Ability of Cardiovascular System in Adolescents / Funkcionalna sposobnost kardiovaskularnog sistema kod adolescenata
Authors: Bošnjak Goran , Jakovljević Vladimir , Tešanović Gorana , Srdić Velibor
Published: November 2017

Testing function of cardiovascular system is measured, the most often, physical ability and functional capacity of transport system or its parts. Many studies have found an association with obesity by reducing functional capacity of cardiovascular system that is correlated with physical ability to work. This research was conducted in order to determine the functional ability of cardiovascular system in adolescents to assess need of their sports activities at this age. The sample consisted of 55 high school students, male, 16 years old (+/- 6 months). For this research, the body mass index is used as a criterion for forming groups of respondents. The functional capacity of cardiovascular system is observed through variables: systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after load and heart rate before and after load after performing Astrand test of ergometar bicycle. Analysis of functional abilities cardiovascular respondents before and after load, it was noted that in respondents who had a higher body mass index, showed higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after load, as well as higher values of heart rate before and after load. This study confirmed previous numerous studies, stating that increased body mass index leads to harmful effects on cardiovascular system.
A Comparison of the Antropological Determinants for Swimming and Synchronized Swimming in Young Female Athletes / Usporedba antropoloških odrednica plivanja i sinkroniziranog plivanja kod mladih sportašica
Authors: Dodigović Lucija , Sindik Joško
Published: November 2017

Swimming and synchronized swimming are two similar sports, but with main differences in specific structures of the movements in the synchronized swimming. This article attempts to provide an overview of the similarities and differences among young female athletes involved in these sports, primarily in the morphological characteristics of swimmers, as well as in the broader context of their functional capacity and motor characteristics. The distinctive features of the synchronized swimming in comparison with the traditional swimming are arising mainly due to the higher complexity of the technique of the movements in this sport.
The Level of Specific Endurance and Technical and Tactical Efficiency of Young Football Players of Different Level of Competition / Nivo specifične izdržljivosti i tehničko-taktičke efikasnosti mladih fudbalera različitog stepena takmičenja
Authors: Stojanović Toplica , Goranović Slobodan , Šakanović Aleksandar , Stojanović Darko
Published: November 2017

In order to determine at which level is the specific performance and technical and tactical efficiency of young players of different level of competition, and whether the level of competition can be an indicator of level differences of these abilities, a research was conducted on the sample of young football players aged 14 to 16 from the eight clubs, half of them competing in the higher and the other half in the lower level of competition. A sample of measuring instruments consisted of 13 tests for evaluation of five factors of specific endurance: starting endurance, stamina in maintaining the shallow formation, endurance during fast dribbling, ball pressing endurance, and evaluation of technical and tactical efficiency of football players. The results of the research showed that the young players of higher level of competition had significantly greater technical and tactical efficiency, as well as specific performance in tests which included curvilinear movement and dribbling, as well as control and passing the ball in motion, but the difference is not recorded with straight-line movements and sprints.
Evaluacija skale percepcije aktivnog životnog stila studenata / Evaluation of the Scale of Perception of Active Lifestyle of Students
Authors: Nešić Milan , Srdić Velibor , Jezdimirović Tatjana
Published: November 2017

In that context of ever more intensive affirmation of active lifestyle, the problem of the presence of healthy lifestyle habits in the young population is today one of the most frequently asked questions when evaluating their conditions of life and work. Research shows that there is a growing trend in the number of youth, especially amongst the student population, who predominantly exhibit lifestyle habits characterized as unhealthy. The research conducted on a sample of 240 examinees, students of The Faculty for Sports and Tourism from Novi Sad and the College of Vocational Studies for preschool teachers and sports trainers from Subotica, had as an aim to identify the necessary components that would reflect the construct of the scale used to determine the basic elements of perception of active lifestyle in the student population. By applying the purposefully constructed questionnaire (Perception of Active Lifestyle) an evaluation was conducted of a certain number of indicators pointing to perception intensity of the presence of healthy lifestyle determinants in students. The results show that the applied questionnaire is distinguished by 15 stable indicators (items), and that the PAL scale has a good internal consistency (C. alpha = .865). By factor analysis, a suitable scale validity was determined (KMO = 0.690); (Sig=0.000), and the analysis of main components achieved a statistically acceptable parsimony and defined a single constituent structure. It is possible to apply this questionnaire as a unique scale that results in average value (scalar average) in manifested space, calculated from the grades given by the examinees to certain aspects of individual perception of active lifestyle.
Differences in Metabolic-Energy Potential in U16 Football Players (Cadet Age) in Relation to Competition Level // Razlike u metaboličko-energetskim potencijalima fudbalera kadetskog uzrasta u odnosu na takmičarski nivo
Authors: Andrašić Slobodan , Cvetković Milan , Milić Zoran
Published: November 2017

In order to determine the difference in metabolic-energy potential in U16 football players (cadet age) at different levels of competition, a survey was conducted on a sample of sixty players aged 14 to 16. The sample of respondents is divided into the following subsamples: players of Serbian national football team (n=20), players from high-quality league of Vojvodina (n=21) and the players from the regional competition levels (n=19). The lactate blood level was determined by testing capillary blood from the finger during three stages of Cooper test: the concentration of lactate in the standstill stage was measured before the start of the test – before the load; the concentration of lactate during the load stage was measured one minute after completion of the test; and the concentration of lactate in the recovery stage was measured in the tenth minute of recovery. The survey results indicate a statistically significant difference between the said groups of players in relation to the analyzed metabolic-energy parameters of the players.
Application of Functional Training in High Sports and Recreation // Primjena funkcionalnog treninga u vrhunskom sportu i rekreaciji
Authors: Mikić Branimir , Bajrić Osmo , Stanković Nedeljko , Ivanek Vladimir , Petrović Zoran
Published: November 2017

The aim of this work is to determine attitudes if trainers about possibilities and efficiency of application of functional training in high sports and recreation. In order to obtain relevant information about the importance of functional training in top sport and recreation, the survey was conducted on a sample consisting of 25 coaches of different age groups, gender, branch of sport and sports experience. The survey results showed that functional training is one of the most popular systems of training in top sport and recreation and that coaches use in their practical work. According to the respondents coach for functional training is important to point out that it is based on exercises that include our whole body and thereby leads to the activation of more muscle groups at the time of its execution. It affects the development of motor skills such as strength, power, coordination, balance, flexibility, speed, muscular endurance. Trainers also claim that functional training effects the development of energy systems (phosphate, glycolytic and aerobic), and reduction of body fat (subcutaneous and visceral), toning and increasing muscle mass, subjective sense of power and regulating stress levels.
Attitudes of Students of the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Banja Luka on Physical Exercise // Stavovi studenata akademije dramskih umjetnosti u Banjoj Luci prema fizičkom vježbanju
Authors: Rađević Nenad , Vukadinović Siniša
Published: November 2017

Contemporary theatre and film production require actors with extraordinary physical abilities, harmonious physical appearance and good looking body, which is a cult propagated by Hollywood – the dream factory. Today, theatre and film repertoire require a cast with extraordinary body skills, quick reflexes and acrobatic flexibility. Whether it is done as a part of regular curricular or as extracurricular activities, there is no doubt that regular physical exercise has a very important role in training young students of dramatic arts for their top-quality achievements. In order to determine the students’ attitudes on the importance of physical exercise and their interest for certain sports, there has been a survey among 27 first, second and third-year students of the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Banja Luka, Acting course. In accordance with the requirements set by the modern theatre and film production, this survey confirmed a very positive attitude and interest of students towards physical exercise and sports activities. Therefore, there is need for creating a clear concept of physical training of students, as a long-term project, which will contribute to raising quality of life as well as work and artistic creativity with students at the Academy of Dramatic Arts, University of Banja Luka.
An adaptation of astronomical image processing enables characterization and functional 3D mapping of individual sites of excitation-contraction coupling in rat cardiac muscle
Authors: Tian Qinghai , Kaestner Lars , Schröder Laura , Guo Jia , Lipp Peter
Published: November 2017

In beating cardiomyocytes, synchronized localized Ca2+ transients from thousands of active excitation-contraction coupling sites (ECC couplons) comprising plasma and sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane calcium channels are important determinants of the heart's performance. Nevertheless, our knowledge about the properties of ECC couplons is limited by the lack of appropriate experimental and analysis strategies. We designed CaCLEAN to untangle the fundamental characteristics of ECC couplons by combining the astronomer's CLEAN algorithm with known properties of calcium diffusion. CaCLEAN empowers the investigation of fundamental properties of ECC couplons in beating cardiomyocytes without pharmacological interventions. Upon examining individual ECC couplons at the nanoscopic level, we reveal their roles in the negative amplitude-frequency relationship and in β-adrenergic stimulation, including decreasing and increasing firing reliability, respectively. CaCLEAN combined with 3D confocal imaging of beating cardiomyocytes provides a functional 3D map of active ECC couplons (on average, 17,000 per myocyte). CaCLEAN will further enlighten the ECC-couplon-remodelling processes that underlie cardiac diseases.
Grassland habitat restoration: lessons learnt from long term monitoring of Swanworth Quarry, UK, 1997–2014
Authors: Smith Barbara Maria , Diaz Anita , Winder Linton
Published: November 2017

Habitat restoration projects are often conducted when prior use or extraction of natural resources results in land degradation. The success of restoration programmes, however, is variable, and studies that provide evidence of long term outcomes are valuable for evaluation purposes. This study focused on the restoration of vegetation within a limestone quarry in Dorset, UK between 1997 and 2014. Using a randomised block design, the effect of seed mix and seed rate on the development of community assemblage was investigated in comparison to a nearby target calcareous grassland site. We hypothesised that seed mix composition and sowing rate would influence both the trajectory of the grassland assemblage and final community composition. We found that species composition (in relation to both richness and community assemblage) was strongly influenced by time and to some extent by seed rate and seed mix. However, no treatments achieved strong resemblance to the calcareous grassland target vegetation; rather they resembled mesotrophic communities. We conclude that (as with previous studies) there is no “quick fix” for the establishment of a grassland community; long-term monitoring provides useful information on the trajectory of community development; sowing gets you something (in our case mesotrophic grassland), but, it may not be the target vegetation (e.g., calcicolous grassland) you want that is difficult to establish and regenerate; it is important to sow a diverse mix as subsequent recruitment opportunities are probably limited; post-establishment management should be explored further and carefully considered as part of a restoration project.
Snapshot recordings provide a first description of the acoustic signatures of deeper habitats adjacent to coral reefs of Moorea
Authors: Bertucci Frédéric , Parmentier Eric , Berthe Cécile , Besson Marc , Hawkins Anthony D. , Aubin Thierry , Lecchini David
Published: November 2017

Acoustic recording has been recognized as a valuable tool for non-intrusive monitoring of the marine environment, complementing traditional visual surveys. Acoustic surveys conducted on coral ecosystems have so far been restricted to barrier reefs and to shallow depths (10–30 m). Since they may provide refuge for coral reef organisms, the monitoring of outer reef slopes and describing of the soundscapes of deeper environment could provide insights into the characteristics of different biotopes of coral ecosystems. In this study, the acoustic features of four different habitats, with different topographies and substrates, located at different depths from 10 to 100 m, were recorded during day-time on the outer reef slope of the north Coast of Moorea Island (French Polynesia). Barrier reefs appeared to be the noisiest habitats whereas the average sound levels at other habitats decreased with their distance from the reef and with increasing depth. However, sound levels were higher than expected by propagation models, supporting that these habitats possess their own sound sources. While reef sounds are known to attract marine larvae, sounds from deeper habitats may then also have a non-negligible attractive potential, coming into play before the reef itself.
Short-term effects of CO2 leakage on the soil bacterial community in a simulated gas leakage scenario
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Wangyuan , Zhang Shaoliang , Zhu Qianlin , Feng Qiyan , Chen Fu
Published: November 2017

The technology of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) has provided a new option for mitigating global anthropogenic emissions with unique advantages. However, the potential risk of gas leakage from CO2 sequestration and utilization processes has attracted considerable attention. Moreover, leakage might threaten soil ecosystems and thus cannot be ignored. In this study, a simulation experiment of leakage from CO2 geological storage was designed to investigate the short-term effects of different CO2 leakage concentration (from 400 g m−2 day−1 to 2,000 g m−2 day−1) on soil bacterial communities. A shunt device and adjustable flow meter were used to control the amount of CO2 injected into the soil. Comparisons were made between soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and microbial community diversity before and after injecting different CO2 concentrations. Increasing CO2 concentration decreased the soil pH, and the largest variation ranged from 8.15 to 7.29 (p < 0.05). Nitrate nitrogen content varied from 1.01 to 4.03 mg/Kg, while Olsen-phosphorus and total phosphorus demonstrated less regular downtrends. The fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic enzyme activity was inhibited by the increasing CO2 flux, with the average content varying from 22.69 to 11.25 mg/(Kg h) (p < 0.05). However, the increasing activity amplitude of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme approached 230%, while the urease activity presented a similar rising trend. Alpha diversity results showed that the Shannon index decreased from 7.66 ± 0.13 to 5.23 ± 0.35 as the soil CO2 concentration increased. The dominant phylum in the soil samples was Proteobacteria, whose proportion rose rapidly from 28.85% to 67.93%. In addition, the proportion of Acidobacteria decreased from 19.64% to 9.29% (p < 0.01). Moreover, the abundances of genera Methylophilus, Methylobacillus, and Methylovorus increased, while GP4, GP6 and GP7 decreased. Canonical correlation analysis results suggested that there was a correlation between the abundance variation of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and the increasing nitrate nitrogen, urease and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, as well as the decreasing FDA hydrolytic enzyme activity, Olsen-phosphorus and total phosphorus contents. These results might be useful for evaluating the risk of potential CO2 leakages on soil ecosystems.
Science responses to IUCN Red Listing
Authors: Jarić Ivan , Roberts David L. , Gessner Jörn , Solow Andrew R. , Courchamp Franck
Published: November 2017

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is often advocated as a tool to assist decision-making in conservation investment and research focus. It is frequently suggested that research efforts should prioritize species in higher threat categories and those that are Data Deficient (DD). We assessed the linkage between IUCN listing and research effort in DD and Critically Endangered (CR) species, two groups generally advocated as research priorities. The analysis of the change in the research output following species classification indicated a listing effect in DD species, while such effect was observed in only a minority of CR species groups. DD species, while chronically understudied, seem to be recognized as research priorities, while research effort for endangered species appears to be driven by various factors other than the IUCN listing. Optimized conservation research focus would require international science planning efforts, harmonized through international mechanisms and promoted by financial and other incentives.
Intraspecific variation in the diet of the Mexican garter snakeThamnophis eques
Authors: Manjarrez Javier , Pacheco-Tinoco Martha , Venegas-Barrera Crystian S.
Published: November 2017

The Mexican Garter Snake (Thamnophis eques)is a terrestrial-aquatic generalist that feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial prey. We describe size-related variation and sexual variation in the diet ofT. equesthrough analysis of 262 samples of identifiable stomach contents in snakes from 23 locations on the Mexican Plateau. The snakeT. equeswe studied consumed mostly fish, followed in lesser amounts by leeches, earthworms, frogs, and tadpoles. Correspondence analysis suggested that the frequency of consumption of various prey items differed between the categories of age but not between sex of snakes, and the general pattern was a reduction of prey item diversity with size of snake. Snake length was correlated positively with mass of ingested prey. Large snakes consumed large prey and continued to consume smaller prey. In general, no differences were found between the prey taxa of male and female snakes, although males ate two times more tadpoles than females. Males and females did not differ in the mass of leeches, earthworms, fishes, frogs and tadpoles that they ate, and males and females that ate each prey taxon were similar in length. We discuss proximate and functional determinants of diet and suggest that the observed intraspecific variation inT. equescould be explored by temporal variation in prey availability, proportions of snake size classes and possible sexual dimorphism in head traits and prey dimensions to assess the role of intersexual resource competition.
A Geophysical Perspective on the Bulk Composition of Mars
Authors: Khan A. , Liebske C. , Rozel A. , Rivoldini A. , Nimmo F. , Connolly J. A. D. , Plesa A.‐C. , Giardini D.
Published: November 2017

We invert the Martian tidal response and mean mass and moment of inertia for chemical composition, thermal state, and interior structure. The inversion combines phase equilibrium computations with a laboratory‐based viscoelastic dissipation model. The rheological model, which is based on measurements of anhydrous and melt‐free olivine, is both temperature and grain size sensitive and imposes strong constraints on interior structure. The bottom of the lithosphere, defined as the location where the conductive geotherm meets the mantle adiabat, occurs deep within the upper mantle (∼200–400 km depth) resulting in apparent upper mantle low‐velocity zones. Assuming an Fe‐FeS core, our results indicate (1) a mantle with a Mg# (molar Mg/Mg+Fe) of ∼0.75 in agreement with earlier geochemical estimates based on analysis of Martian meteorites; (2) absence of bridgmanite‐ and ferropericlase‐dominated basal layer; (3) core compositions (15–18.5 wt% S), core radii (1,730–1,840 km), and core‐mantle boundary temperatures (1620–1690°C) that, together with the eutectic‐like core compositions, suggest that the core is liquid; and (4) bulk Martian compositions with a Fe/Si (weight ratio) of 1.66–1.81. We show that the inversion results can be used in tandem with geodynamic simulations to identify plausible geodynamic scenarios and parameters. Specifically, we find that the inversion results are largely reproducible by stagnant lid convection models for a range of initial viscosities (∼1018–1020 Pa s) and radioactive element partitioning between crust and mantle around 0.01–0.1. The geodynamic models predict a mean surface heat flow between 15 and 25 mW/m2.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: Multiple Sources and Global Applications
Authors: Grezio Anita , Babeyko Andrey , Baptista Maria Ana , Behrens Jörn , Costa Antonio , Davies Gareth , Geist Eric L. , Glimsdal Sylfest , González Frank I. , Griffin Jonathan , Harbitz Carl B. , LeVeque Randall J. , Lorito Stefano , Løvholt Finn , Omira Rachid , Mueller Christof , Paris Raphaël , Parsons Tom , Polet Jascha , Power William , Selva Jacopo , Sørensen Mathilde B. , Thio Hong Kie
Published: November 2017

Applying probabilistic methods to infrequent but devastating natural events is intrinsically challenging. For tsunami analyses, a suite of geophysical assessments should be in principle evaluated because of the different causes generating tsunamis (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, meteorological events, and asteroid impacts) with varying mean recurrence rates. Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analyses (PTHAs) are conducted in different areas of the world at global, regional, and local scales with the aim of understanding tsunami hazard to inform tsunami risk reduction activities. PTHAs enhance knowledge of the potential tsunamigenic threat by estimating the probability of exceeding specific levels of tsunami intensity metrics (e.g., run‐up or maximum inundation heights) within a certain period of time (exposure time) at given locations (target sites); these estimates can be summarized in hazard maps or hazard curves. This discussion presents a broad overview of PTHA, including (i) sources and mechanisms of tsunami generation, emphasizing the variety and complexity of the tsunami sources and their generation mechanisms, (ii) developments in modeling the propagation and impact of tsunami waves, and (iii) statistical procedures for tsunami hazard estimates that include the associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. Key elements in understanding the potential tsunami hazard are discussed, in light of the rapid development of PTHA methods during the last decade and the globally distributed applications, including the importance of considering multiple sources, their relative intensities, probabilities of occurrence, and uncertainties in an integrated and consistent probabilistic framework.
Electron Fluxes at Geostationary Orbit From GOES MAGED Data
Authors: Sillanpää Ilkka , Ganushkina N. Yu. , Dubyagin S. , Rodriguez J. V.
Published: November 2017

Electron behavior in energies below 200 keV at geostationary orbit has significance for satellite operations due to charging effects on spacecraft. Five years of keV energy electron measurements by the geostationary GOES‐13 satellite's MAGnetospheric Electron Detector (MAGED) instrument has been analyzed. A method for determining flight direction integrated fluxes is presented. The electron fluxes at the geostationary orbit are shown to have significant dependence on solar wind speed and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ: increased solar wind speed correlates with higher electron fluxes with all magnetic local times while negative IMF BZ increases electron fluxes in the 0 to 12 magnetic local time sector. A predictive empirical model for electron fluxes in the geostationary orbit for energies 40, 75, and 150 keV was constructed and is presented here. The empirical model is dependent on three parameters: magnetic local time, solar wind speed, and IMF BZ.
Crustal Structure at a Young Continental Rift: A Receiver Function Study From the Tanganyika Rift
Authors: Hodgson Isabel , Illsley‐Kemp Finnigan , Gallacher Ryan J. , Keir Derek , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Mtelela Khalfan
Published: November 2017

The southern Tanganyika Rift, within the Western rift, Africa, has earthquakes to depths of 37 km, yet few constraints exist on crustal thickness, or of early stage rifting processes in apparently amagmatic rift sectors. The aim of the TANGA14 experiment was to constrain bulk crustal properties to test whether magmatic processes modify the lithosphere in areas of deep seismicity, and the degree of lithospheric thinning. We use 11 broadband seismometers to implement receiver function analysis using H‐κ stacking, a method sensitive to crustal thickness and VP/VS ratio, to determine bulk crustal properties. Analyses include extensive error analysis through bootstrap, variance, and phase‐weighted stacking. Results show the Archean Tanzanian Craton and Bangweulu Block are characterized by VP/VS ratios of 1.75–1.77, implying a felsic bulk composition. Crust beneath the fault‐bounded basins has high VP/VS (>1.9). Anorthosite bodies and surface sediments within the region may contribute to localized high VP/VS. However, elevated VP/VS values within fault‐bounded extensional basins where elevated heat flow, hydrothermal vent sites, and deep earthquakes are observed suggest that magma may be intruding the lower crust beneath the southern Tanganyika Rift. Crustal thicknesses on/near the relatively unextended Tanzanian craton and Bangweulu Block are 41.6–42.0 km. This contrasts with the Tanganyika Rift where crustal thicknesses are 31.6 km to 39 km from north to south. Our results provide evidence for ~20% crustal thinning localized to fault‐bounded basins. Taken together, they suggest a previously unrecognized role of magma intrusion in early stage continental rifting in the Western rift, Africa.
Synthesis and Properties of a Photopatternable Lithium‐Ion Conducting Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Choi Christopher S. , Lau Jonathan , Hur Janet , Smith Leland , Wang Chunlei , Dunn Bruce
Published: November 2017

One of the important considerations for the development of on‐chip batteries is the need to photopattern the solid electrolyte directly on electrodes. Herein, the photopatterning of a lithium‐ion conducting solid electrolyte is demonstrated by modifying a well‐known negative photoresist, SU‐8, with LiClO4. The resulting material exhibits a room temperature ionic conductivity of 52 µS cm−1 with a wide electrochemical window (>5 V). Half‐cell galvanostatic testing of 3 µm thin films spin‐coated on amorphous silicon validates its use for on‐chip energy‐storage applications. The modified SU‐8 possesses excellent mechanical integrity, is thermally stable up to 250 °C, and can be photopatterned with micrometer‐scale resolution. These results present a promising direction for the integration of electrochemical energy storage in microelectronics.
Feedback control of proppant bank heights during hydraulic fracturing for enhanced productivity in shale formations
Authors: Siddhamshetty Prashanth , Kwon Joseph Sang‐Il , Liu Shuai , Valkó Peter P.
Published: November 2017

In hydraulic fracturing of shale formations, compared to conventional reservoirs, the fracturing fluid injected is of low‐viscosity and hence during pumping the proppant settles significantly, forming a proppant bank. Motivated by this consideration, we initially develop a high‐fidelity process model of hydraulic fracturing to describe the dominant proppant settling behavior during hydraulic fracturing process. Second, a novel remeshing strategy is developed to handle the high computational requirement due to moving boundaries. Third, a section‐based optimization method is employed to obtain key fracture design parameters for enhanced productivity in shale formations subject to given fracturing resources. Fourth, a reduced‐order model is constructed to design a Kalman filter and to synthesize a real‐time model‐based feedback control system by explicitly taking into account actuator limitations, process safety and economic considerations. We demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can regulate the uniformity of proppant bank heights along the fracture at the end of pumping. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 1638–1650, 2018
Clinical delineation of a subtype of frontonasal dysplasia with creased nasal ridge and upper limb anomalies: Report of six unrelated patients
Authors: Lehalle Daphné , Altunoglu Umut , Bruel Ange‐Line , Arnaud Eric , Blanchet Patricia , Choi Jong‐Woo , Désir Julie , Kiliç Esra , Lederer Damien , Pinson Lucile , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Singer Amihood , Thevenon Julien , Callier Patrick , Kayserili Hulya , Faivre Laurence
Published: November 2017

Frontonasal dysplasias are rare congenital malformations of frontonasal process‐derived structures, characterized by median cleft, nasal anomalies, widely spaced eyes, and cranium bifidum occultum. Several entities of syndromic frontonasal dysplasia have been described, among which, to date, only a few have identified molecular bases. We clinically ascertained a cohort of 124 individuals referred for frontonasal dysplasia. We identified six individuals with a similar phenotype, including one discordant monozygous twin. Facial features were remarkable by nasal deformity with creased ridge and depressed or absent tip, widely spaced eyes, almond‐shaped palpebral fissures, and downturned corners of the mouth. All had apparently normal psychomotor development. In addition, upper limb anomalies, frontonasal encephalocele, corpus callosum agenesis, choanal atresia, and congenital heart defect were observed. We identified five reports in the literature of patients presenting with the same phenotype. Exome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from blood of two individuals, no candidate gene was identified. In conclusion, we report six novel simplex individuals presenting with a specific frontonasal dysplasia entity associating recognizable facial features, limb and visceral malformations, and apparently normal development. The identification of discordant monozygotic twins supports the hypothesis of a mosaic disorder. Although previous patients have been reported, this is the first series, allowing delineation of a clinical subtype of frontonasal dysplasia, paving the way toward the identification of its molecular etiology.
Contribution of genes in the GABAergic pathway to bipolar disorder and its executive function deficit in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Ren Hongyan , Guan Lijie , Zhao Liansheng , Lin Yin , Wang Yincheng , Yang Zhenxing , Li Xuan , Ma Xiaohong , Cheng Xiongchao , Deng Wenhao , Aitchison Katherine J. , Cao Liping , Li Tao
Published: November 2017

In this study, we investigated the association between bipolar I disorder (BDI) and between cognitive deficits therein and SNPs in GABAergic receptor genes. The sample comprised 477 patients with BDI and 438 healthy controls, with three neurocognitive tests being administered in 123 patients and 164 controls. For three SNPs, rs505474, rs1398175, and rs4868029 in the GABRA2, GABRA4, and GABRP genes, respectively, their allele frequencies were significantly different between patients and controls (Bonferroni‐adjusted p = values 3.84 × 10−4, 9.92 × 10−3, and 1.22 × 10−2, respectively). Four haplotypes were significantly associated with BDI (TA and AG for rs3815762 and rs4868029 in GABRP, GG for rs11636988 and rs8024256 in GABRB3 and GAGG for rs2197414, rs4921195, rs13188991, and rs11956731 in GABRA6, with p values of 0.0038, 0.044, 0.0176, and 0.0267, respectively, on 10,000 permutations). Furthermore, the SNP (rs2912585) within 250 kb upstream of the GABRB3 gene displayed a strong association with the Tower of Hanoi (TOH) executive time in the patient group (p = 2.844 × 10−6). One other SNP (rs754661), which is located at the intronic region of the same gene, was associated with the global trait of the executive function and post hoc analysis showed significant SNP by group effect (p = 0.0094). Our study supports previous findings that GABAA receptor genes are associated with bipolar disorder; it also suggests that the GABAA genes, especially the GABRB3 gene, might play a role in the executive function deficit in bipolar disorder, although future replication with a larger sample size is needed.
Monogamy of Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen Steering in the Background of an Asymptotically Flat Black Hole
Authors: Wang Jieci , Jing Jiliang , Fan Heng
Published: November 2017

We study the behavior of monogamy deficit and monogamy asymmetry for Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen steering of Gaussian states under the influence of the Hawking effect. We demonstrate that the monogamy of quantum steering shows an extreme scenario in the curved spacetime: the first part of a tripartite system cannot individually steer two other parties, but it can steer the collectivity of the remaining two parties. We also find that the monogamy deficit of Gaussian steering, a quantifier of genuine tripartite steering, are generated due to the influence of the Hawking thermal bath. Our results elucidate the structure of quantum steering in tripartite quantum systems in curved spacetime.
Fraction‐Dimensional Accessible Solitons in a Parity‐Time Symmetric Potential
Authors: Zhong Wei‐Ping , Belić Milivoj R. , Zhang Yiqi
Published: November 2017

By using the modified Snyder‐Mitchell (MSM) model, which can describe the propagation of a paraxial beam in fractional dimensions (FDs), we find the exact "accessible soliton” solutions in the strongly nonlocal nonlinear media with a self‐consistent parity‐time (PT) symmetric complex potential. The exact solutions are constructed with the help of two special functions: the complex Gegenbauer and the generalized Laguerre polynomials in polar coordinates, parametrized by two nonnegative integer indices ‐ the radial and azimuthal mode numbers (n,m), and the beam modulation depth. By the choice of different soliton parameters, the intensity and angular profiles display symmetric and asymmetric structures. We believe that it is important to explore the MSM model in FDs and PT‐symmetric potentials, for a better understanding of nonlinear FD physical phenomena. Different physical systems in which the model might be of relevance are briefly discussed.
Übergangsmetall‐π‐Komplexierung eines Tetrahalogendiborans
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Matito Eduard , Muessig Jonas H.
Published: November 2017

Die Reaktion von Tetraioddiboran (B2I4) mit trans‐[Pt(BI2)I(PCy3)2] führte zur Isolierung des Diplatin(II)‐Komplexes [{(Cy3P)(I2B)Pt}2(μ2:η3:η3‐B2I4)], der durch den verbrückenden dianionischen Diboranyl‐Liganden [B2I4]2−stabilisiert wird. Der Komplex ist der erste Übergangsmetallkomplex mit einem dianionischen Diboranyl‐Liganden und ist ebenso das erste Beispiel einer intakten Koordination einer B2X4‐Einheit (X=Halogen) an ein Metallzentrum.
Katalyse durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene über Azoliumdienolate: eine effiziente Strategie für enantioselektive Funktionalisierungen an entfernten Positionen
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Liu Qiang , Chauhan Pankaj , Enders Dieter
Published: November 2017

Die Katalyse durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) ist zu einer effizienten Strategie in der organischen Synthese geworden. In den letzten Jahren wurden etliche Übersichtsartikel veröffentlicht, die NHC‐katalysierte Umwandlungen unter Beteiligung von Breslow‐Intermediaten, Acylazolium‐ und α,β‐ungesättigten Acylazolium‐Intermediaten, Homoenolatäquivalenten sowie Azoliumenolaten behandelten. Doch erst in letzter Zeit wurden durch NHCs erzeugte Azoliumdienolat‐Intermediate in der asymmetrischen Synthese, insbesondere in Cycloadditionen, zur Funktionalisierung entfernter Positionen genutzt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beleuchtet alle Entwicklungen und neuere Fortschritte für NHC‐katalysierte asymmetrische Cycloadditionen, in denen Azoliumdienolat‐Intermediate auftreten.
Transition‐Metal π‐Ligation of a Tetrahalodiborane
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Matito Eduard , Muessig Jonas H.
Published: November 2017

The reaction of tetraiododiborane (B2I4) withtrans‐[Pt(BI2)I(PCy3)2] gives rise to the diplatinum(II) complex [{(Cy3P)(I2B)Pt}2(μ2:η3:η3‐B2I4)], which is supported by a bridging diboranyl dianion ligand [B2I4]2−. This complex is the first transition‐metal complex of a diboranyl dianion, as well as the first example of intact coordination of a B2X4(X=halide) unit of any type to a metal center.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via Azolium Dienolates: An Efficient Strategy for Remote Enantioselective Functionalizations
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Liu Qiang , Chauhan Pankaj , Enders Dieter
Published: November 2017

N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis. In recent years a number of reviews have been published on NHC‐catalyzed transformations involving Breslow intermediates, acyl azoliums, α,β‐unsaturated acyl azoliums, homoenolate equivalents, and azolium enolates. However, the azolium dienolate intermediates generated by NHCs have been employed in asymmetric synthesis only very recently, especially in cycloadditions dealing with remote functionalization. This Minireview highlights all the developments and the new advances in NHC‐catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition reactions involving azolium dienolate intermediates.
Synthesis and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition of Tetrabromo Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Kocyigit Umit M. , Budak Yakup , Eligüzel Fikret , Taslimi Parham , Kılıç Deryanur , Gulçin İlhami , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: November 2017

In the present study, human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzyme was purified and characterized from fresh blood human red cells by Sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. Secondly, a series of new tetrabromo chalcone derivatives containing 4,7‐methanoisoindol‐1,3‐dione (2a–i) were synthesized from the addition of Br2 to related chalcone derivatives (1a–i). The structures of the new molecules (2a–i) were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Finally, the inhibitory effects of 2a–i on CA activities were investigated using the esterase method under in vitro conditions. The compounds 2a–i exhibited excellent inhibitory effects, in the low nanomolar range, with Ki values in the range of 11.30–21.22 nM against hCA I and in the range of 8.21–12.86 nM against hCA II. Our findings suggest that the new compounds 2a–i have superior inhibitory effect over acetazolamide (AZA), which is used as clinical CA inhibitor, with obtained Ki values of 34.50 and 28.93 nM against the hCA I and II isozymes, respectively. In addition to the inhibition assays, molecular modeling approaches were implemented for prediction of the binding affinities of compounds 2a and 2c, which had the highest inhibition effects, against the hCA I and II isozymes.