bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological changes of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in mice treated with albendazole or mebendazole
Authors: Nakaya K. , Oomori Y. , Kutsumi H. , Nakao M.
Published: June 2009

Using DBA/2J mice, tissue homogenates of larval Echinococcus multilocularis were injected into the mesenteric veins to generate the liver infection. Mice were treated with either albendazole or mebendazole for prolonged periods to examine the morphological changes of the metacestode. Albendazole induced disorganization of both laminated and germinal layers and suppressed the maturation of vesicles. Amorphous but loosely laminated PAS-positive material was observed inside the damaged vesicles, although new vesicles slightly developed inside or outside of the damaged ones. Active proliferation of vesicles occurred after treatment with albendazole was terminated. Hydatid cysts were more severely damaged in mice treated with mebendazole and new vesicles did not develop around the damaged ones. Also, hydatid cysts reappeared after treatment with mebendazole was terminated. These results indicate that these drugs do not eliminate larval E. multilocularis in the long-term, but mebendazole has a higher suppressive effect on multivesiculation than albendazole.
Passage of Eggs by Hosts Infected with Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Kuntz Robert E.
Published: June 2009

Study of a series of lower vertebrates and 2 primates infected with Schistosoma haematobium has revealed their egg producing or egg passing potentials. Viable eggs were not passed by albino or wild rats (R. rattus), or by hedgehogs (Hemiechinus). In hosts passing eggs the counts were not great but data do suggest host-parasite relationships which permit continuance of the parasite cycle. Egg passage was erratic and tended to follow a normal curve, i.e., few eggs at first, building up to a peak period after which the counts usually diminished. There was no close correlation between the sites of egg deposition along the intestinal tract and the numbers of egg produced. The peak of egg production was irregular in time after first egg detection as well as in duration. There was wide range in the percentages of viable eggs passed by different hosts and by individuals of the same species. Data reveal the possibility of lower vertebrates serving as reservoirs should satisfactory circumstances allow.
Sur un Curieux Nématode, Robertia leiperi gen. et sp. nov., Parasite de l'Intestin Postérieur de Diplopode
Authors: Travassos Par L. , Kloss G. R.
Published: June 2009

Les nématodes des diplopodes malgré les recherches de Leidy depuis plus d'un siècle, ont été peu étudiés par les auteurs plus récents. Au Brésil, la faune de diplopodes est très riche, et les espèces de ces arthropodes récemment décrites par le Dr. Otto Schubart sont nombreuses. Accompagnant la richesse des espèces donnant l'hospitalité, leurs espèces parasites sont considérablement nombreuses. Nos études nous ont amené à admettre une grande spécificité entre parasite et hôte. Certaines espèces de nématodes ont été référées des ”hôtes” d'espèces très éloignés systématiquement et avec une ample distribution géographique, et il nous semble que ce fait soit dû aux difficultés qu'il y a de les caractériser convenablement.
The Morphogenesis of Experimental Fascioliasis
Authors: Poljakova-Krusteva O. , Krustev L. , Ellis D. S. , Bird R. G.
Published: June 2009

Infestation of the white mouse with Fasciola hepatica resulted in cumulative damage to the liver parenchyma.

Severe traumatic injury by the migrating young flukes left clearly differentiated migration pathways with progressive leucocytic infiltration. Acidophilic hyaline, necrotic patches which developed early in the infestation spread in the advanced stages to involve whole lobules while changes occurred in the bile ducts.

Electron microscopy showed intracellular changes present in both early and late stages of infestation. This was interpreted as supporting the view that a toxic element is, to a greater extent than previously recognised, responsible for the morphogenesis of liver lesions in experimental fascioliasis.
Some New Members of the Genus Œsophagostomum from the Roan Antelope and the Wart Hog
Authors: Goodey T.
Published: June 2009

In the collection of nematodes assembled by Prof. R. T. Leiper in this department there are numerous examples of worms from game animals in different parts of the world. Amongst these the writer, in further study of the Œsophagostomes, has been privileged to examine bottles of some provisionally labelledŒsophagostomum, sp.? One lot was collected from the Roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) by Dr. J. E. S. Old in Nyasaland, another was collected from the Wart Hog (Phacocærus æthiopicus) in Uganda by Prof. R. T. Leiper. The other bottle contained worms from the latter host collected in Northern Territory Gold Coast, by Dr. J. J. Simpson on two different occasions. A study of these specimens shows that they comprise three species new to science, and one species just recently described by Daubney (1924).
A Disease of the Australian Grass Microlaena stipoides R.Br. caused by a Nematode, Anguillulina microlaenae n. sp.
Authors: Fawcett Stella G. M.
Published: June 2009

There have been no previous records of nematode invasion of native grasses in Australia, although “Cockle” in wheat, caused by Anguillulina tritici, and root galls on wheat, due to A. radicicola are known to occur. Mr. J. E. Harrison, Senior Agrostologist, Department of Agriculture, Victoria, found Microlaena stipoides infected as herein described at Lorne in April, 1935. This seems to be the first record of the disease, but it has since been ascertained that it is widely distributed in Victoria.
Observations on the Morphology and Bionomics of Rhabditis coarctata Leuck. occurring on Dung Beetles
Authors: Triffitt Marjorie J. , Oldham J. N.
Published: June 2009

During the pursuit of field work in the neighbourhood of Warwick in which the collection and examination of insects was involved, it was observed whilst carrying out dissections of dung-infesting beetles that several of them had attached to various parts of the exoskeleton collections of what were at first taken to be fungus spores. On close examination, however, these adherent bodies were discovered to be encysted nematodes which were using the beetles as carrying agents, whereby their transference to fresh dung, required for further development, would be assured.

Our attention was drawn to a short note, written by Christie (1925), in which this author discusses the finding of what was either Rhabditis coarctata Leuck. or a closely related species on a number of species of dung beetles in America. With this information in mind, it was decided to culture the worms in order to follow out the life-cycle, determine the species, and make observations on the behaviour of the nematodes in relation to the insects on which they were found attached.
Experimental Studies On Egg Development, Hatching and Retrofection in Aspiculuris Tetraptera.
Authors: Hsü K. C.
Published: June 2009

1. Observations were made on the development and hatching of eggs of Aspiculuris tetraptera in different media, preparatory to experiments investigating the possible occurrence of retrofection in this Oxyurid. Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were studied under similar conditions.

2. Infective eggs of A. tetraptera were applied to the anal opening of clean mice which were immobilized in cages specially designed to prevent the possibility of oral infection. Of 12 mice treated thus evidence was obtained from 6, by the finding of immature or adult worms in the intestine, that retrofection had taken place. This constitutes the first experimental proof of the occurrence of retrofection in a non-human Oxyurid.
On the Varying Nematicidal Effects of Different Samples of D-D against the Potato-root Eelworm Heterodera rostochiensis
Authors: Fenwick D. W.
Published: June 2009

Four samples of D-D were tested at six dosage levels for their nematicidal activity against the potato-root eelworm Heterodera rostochiensis; the treatments were carried out on naturally infested soil in 5-in. pots, viability being estimated by hatching in root diffusate. There was no evidence of there being significant differences between the samples at 50–60% kills, but at higher and lower kills they did appear to differ appreciably from one another in nematicidal activity.
Studies on Human Onchocerciasis and Simulium in Nyanza Province, Kenya
Authors: Buckley J. J. C.
Published: June 2009

1. An experiment in bush-clearing was carried out at a small endemic focus of onchocerciasis in South Kavirondo district with a view to observing its effect on the adult population of S. neavei.

2. The clearing consisted of the complete removal of undergrowth and partial removal of trees, from the banks of fly-infested portions of two confluent rivers, the Riana and the Yabe.

3. In the first year of the experiment the clearing was carried out on the infested section of the Riana River, after which there was a decrease in the incidence of S. neavei on this section compared with that on the uncleared Yabe River.

4. In the second year a similar clearing was effected on the infested section of the Yabe River, after which the S. neavei incidence on both sections came together again and during the third year showed a steady increase.
On the Systematics ofSyngamus trachea(Montagu, 1811) Chapin, 1925
Authors: Madsen Holger
Published: June 2009

1.Syngamus parvusChapin, 1925,S. gracilisChapin, 1925, andS. merulaeBaylis, 1926, are shown to be synonyms ofS. trachea(Montagu, 1811). These conclusions are important in judging the epidemiology of the species.

2. The list of hosts has been critically revised and supplemented with two new hosts,Melanocorypha calandraandLarus canus.
Notes on the use of Iodine and Chlorphenol against certain plant nematodes
Authors: Staniland L. N.
Published: June 2009

1. “Chlorphenol” and “dichlorphenol”are shown to be highly toxic to eelworms, both in the active and quiescent stages. Comparisons are made between these chemicals and iodine solutions in this respect.

2. Treatments of clover and teazle seed with “chlorphenol” and iodine solutions are described and it is shown that infesting eelworms may be controlled without affecting germination or subsequent growth.

3. The use of “chlorphenol,” with the addition of a wetting agent is recommended for the hot-water treatment of narcissus bulbs, as an additional insurance for the control of the “wool” stage of bulb eelworm.

4. The phytocidal action of “chlorphenol” is discussed and it is shown that such action is not marked.

5. Some preliminary experiments on the use of “chlorphenol” against potato root eelworm are described.
On Sterilizing Land Against Poultry Parasites
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A.
Published: June 2009

Tests have been made with methyl bromide to investigate its efficiency in destroying infective stages of some helminth and protozoan parasites of poultry and game birds. It appears to have an immediate strong lethal action against ova of the common nematode parasites and against oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Its efficiency against ova of Choanotaenia infundibulum was not definitely proved. When used in the field, it penetrates soil to a depth of several inches, and in so doing destroys both ova and many invertebrates known to be vectors of poultry parasites. Land which has been treated remained quite free from parasitic infection for many months but gradually became re-infested. Wild birds were probably the agents for they carry ova accidentally on their feet and in the gut.
On Euparadistomum heischi n.sp. from the Liver of a Domestic Gat on Pate Island, Kenya, and a New Sub-family Euparadistominae (Dicrocoeliidaè)
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. , Sheng-Liang Yeh
Published: June 2009

Euparadistomum heischi n.sp., the sixth species in the genus, was recovered from a domestic cat on Pate Island, Kenya. In the Dicrocoeliidae, a new subfamily Euparadistominae is proposed for two genera, Euparadistomum Tubangui, 1931 and Stromitrema Skrjabin and Evranova, 1944.
A Review of the Trematode Genus Encyclometra Baylis and Cannon, 1924
Authors: Sheng-Liang Yeh
Published: June 2009

In a review of the genus Encyclometra, only three species are considered to be valid : the genotype Encyclometra colubrimurorum (Rudolphi, 1819) Dollfus, 1929 ; E. japonica Yoshida and Ozaki, 1929 with synonyms E. microrchis Yamaguti, 1933, E. koreana Park, 1940 and E. vitellata N. K. Gupta, 1954 ; and E. asymmetrica Wallace, 1936. The intestinal caeca are shown to be a constant, useful and reliable character to differentiate the various species in the genus. In the light of some new information, the genus is slightly amended.
On a New Cestode, Choanotaenia larimarina sp. nov., from the Greater Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus L.
Authors: Elce J. Brian
Published: June 2009

1. A new species Choanotaenia larimarina sp.nov. from the greater black-backed gull (Larus marinus) is described.

2. A comparison is made with other species of Choanotaenia which possess a reticulate uterus.

3. Because the uterus breaks down in only one of these four species it is suggested that in this type of development the breakage may be due to mechanical stretching of the tubule in the gravid segment.

4.If this be true then the portion of the uterine wall which envelops the egg is not a uterine capsule in the accepted sense.
On the Distribution of Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1960 in Coconut Palms Suffering from Red Ring Disease
Authors: Fenwick D. W.
Published: June 2009

One hundred and six trees suffering from Red Ring disease were examined and the distribution of worms plotted. The results indicate that infection can start in either the root system or in the upper part of the tree. The distribution of worms in 21 of the trees examined was consistent with the disease starting in the base of the tree; and 5 trees exhibited conditions consistent with infection starting in the upper part of the tree. Of thirteen trees, more than 20 years old, one was found to be infected in the top only; the other carried an infection in the roots and lower stem. It is concluded that the disease can start in either the top of a tree or in the root system but for reasons given in the text, it is not possible to say which is the more frequent.
On Some Filarial Parasites of South American Primates, with a Description ofTetrapetalonema tamarinaen.sp. from the Peruvian Tamarin Marmoset,Tamarinus nigricollis(Spix, 1823)
Authors: Dunn Frederick L. , Lambrecht Frank L.
Published: June 2009

1. The results of a survey of 194 Peruvian and Colombian primates for filarial infections are presented. Nine genera and 14 species of marmosets and monkeys are represented in the survey. A blood film survey revealed microfilariae in 82, of 42% of the animals. Adult worms were recovered from 21 of 61 dissected animals. The 209 adult worms belong to four species:Dipetalonema gracile, Dipetalonema caudispina, Tetrapetalonema marmosetae, andTetrapetalonema tamarinae, a new species.

2. New host records forDipetalonema gracile are: Tamarinus nigricollis, Cebus albifrons, andSaimiri boliviensis. Saimiri boliviensisis a new host forDipetalonema caudispina. New hosts forTetrapetalonema marmosetaeare:Oedipomidas oedipus, Saimiri sciurea, S. boliviensis, andAteles paniscus.

3. The adult worms and microfilaria of a new species of filarial worm,Teirapetalonema tamarinae, are described from a Peruvian tamarin marmoset,Tamarinus nigricollis.
Studies on the Incidence of Helminth Parasites in Pigs from South Wales
Authors: Jenkins T. , Erasmus David A.
Published: June 2009

During the summer of 1961 an opportunity arose which enabled us to study the incidence of certain helminth parasites in pigs slaughtered at Roath Abattoir, Cardiff. The studies were undertaken primarily because of the apparent lack of incidence figures concerning the helminth parasites in pigs from the southern part of the Principality. Some information was available for other regions of the Principality as Morgan (1924), Jones (1926) and Lewis (1930) have published reports on helminth parasites of pigs from Central and North Wales. Unfortunately none of these papers provided any comparative data on incidence of the various helminths, the numbers of each species in each infection and the proportion of sexes for each helminth in a given population.
Some Cestodes of the Subfamily Paruterininae Fuhrmann, 1907 from Birds in Central Africa
Authors: Mettrick D. F.
Published: June 2009

Paruterina quelea sp. nov. is described, and brief details given of P. zambicnsis Mettrick, 1960, and P. pentamyzos Mettrick, 1960. Details of all the species at present in the genus Paruterina are listed.

Re-descriptions are given of Metroliasthes lucida Ransom, 1900, and Biuterina rectangula Fuhrmann, 1908.
A New Tapeworm, Inermicapsifer rhodesiensis sp. nov. from a Scaly Ant-eater, Manis temminckii, in Southern Rhodesia
Authors: Mettrick D. F.
Published: June 2009

Four worms were recovered from the intestine of a Scaly Anteater, Manis temminckii, examined in this Department in August, 1958. They appear to represent a new species for which I propose the name Inermicapsifer rhodesiensis.
Studies on the Microfilariae of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, D, repens and D. aethiops
Authors: Taylor Angela E. R.
Published: June 2009

(1) The microfilariae of L. loa, W. bancrofti, B. malayi, D. immitis, D. repens and D. aethiops have been studied in detail, using phasecontrast and ultra-violet microscopy and vital staining techniques.

(2) In these microfilariae the cells of the “oten Mundgebilde” have been renamed “hook-muscle cells” as they appear to be concerned with the movements of the hook.

(3) Two cells have been demonstrated in the nerve ring by means of ultra-violet photomicrography and vital staining with rongalit methylene blue.
On a New Filarioid Worm, Edesonfilaria malayensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca irus)
Authors: Liang-Sheng Yeh
Published: June 2009

A number of these nematodes were sent to this Department for identification early in 1958 by Dr. J. F. B. Edeson from the Institute for Medical Research at Kuala Lumpur. The specimens were collected from the peritoneal cavity of Macaca irus. Since then, several further collections of the same species have been sent to this Department from time to time. The latter collections came from several laboratories using monkeys caught in Malaya and Siam for the production of poliomyelitis vaccines.
The Snail Hosts of Certain Paramphistomatidae and Gastrothylacidae (Trematoda) Discovered by the Late Dr. P. L. LeRoux in Africa
Authors: Dinnik J. A.
Published: June 2009

A study of several samples of young conical flukes reared from metacercariae obtained by the late Dr. P. L. LeRoux from certain fresh water snails has resulted in the following findings.

It appears that the species which caused the severe intestinal paramphistomiasis amongst sheep described by LeRoux (1930) in South Africa was Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder, not Cotylophoron cotyhphorum (Fischoeder) as was thought at the time and subsequently repeated in all the text books and reviews on paramphistomiasis published afterwards.
On a New Philometrid Nematode, Thwaitia bagri sp. nov., from a Freshwater Fish in the Sudan
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

Several female specimens of a new Philometrid nematode were collected by the writer from under the skin of the fish Bagrus bayad (Forskal) in the head region, just lateral to the sides of the mouth opening. The worms could be seen with some difficulty under the skin, and each fish harboured 2–4 worms. About thirty per cent of the fishes examined were infected and the parasite was prevalent from the month of December to the end of February or early March only.
Three Cestodes from the Families Diploposthidae Poche, 1926, Dioecocestidae Southwell, 1930 and Progynotaeniidae Fuhrmann, 1936 found in the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus hitnantopus himantopus (Linn., 1758). in Ghana
Authors: Ukoli F. M. A.
Published: June 2009

Three cestodes are described from the black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus himantopus from Ghana.

1. Himantocestus blanksoni gen. et sp. nov. (Diploposthidae Poche, 1926) from the duodenum.

2. Infula burhini Burt, 1939 (Dioecocestidae Southwell, 1930) from the duodenum.

3. Thomasitaenia nunguae gen. et sp. nov. (Progynotaeniidae Fuhrmann, 1936) from the rectal caeca.
On Some Nematodes from the Freshwater Fishes of Ghana with the Description of a New Species, Spironoura petrei n.sp
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

Mr. T Petre of the Volta Basin Research Project of the University of Ghana kindly entrusted the writer with some nematodes collected from the freshwater fishes of Ghana. As far as can be found from published literature there is no previous record of nematodes from the freshwater fishes of Ghana. In fact, the helminth parasites of the freshwater fishes of this country are inadequately known and only monogeneans, digenetic trematodes and a single acanthocephalan have so far been reported. This collection represents 3 different species of nematodes from various hosts, one of which is new to science and is named after Mr. Petre to whom I am most grateful
The Relationships of the Nematode Superfamily Seuratoidea
Authors: Inglis William G.
Published: June 2009

Echinonema cinctum is redescribed and referred to the Superfamily Seuratoidea: Seuratinema brevicaudatum is redescribed and the genus Seuratinema is provisionally accepted.

2. The structure of the head in several species of the Seuratoidea is described and it is shown that the mouth opening is bilaterally symmetrical in Seuratinema and Seuratum.

3. After a discussion on the developmental origins of the nematode head it is pointed out that all the labial structures in the Camallanidae and the Spiruroidea arise from a region of secondary elongation, i.e. from a cheilostome, while the paired jaws in the Cucullanidae arise as a modification of the oesophagus, i.e. are an oesophastome. As a consequence the family Cucullanidae is referred to the Seuratoidea : Ascaridida while the Camallanidae are left in the Spirurida.
Some Observations on Taeniid Ovicides: The Effects of Some Organic Compounds and Pesticides on Activity and Hatching
Authors: Mackie A. , Parnell I. W.
Published: June 2009

The results are given of the preliminary screening of many organic compounds and pesticides and of a few inorganic compounds on the eggs of T. hydatigena and T. ovis.

Over fifty of these chemicals had little, if any, effect on activity or on hatching, the majority of the others had only an insignificant effect. Moreover, many of the most effective were hindered by the protection of proglottids. Furthermore, some could not be used in practice.
On a New Trematode from a Black-necked Stork, Xenorhynchns asiaticus
Authors: Wahid S.
Published: June 2009

These trematodes were collected from the large intestine of a black-necked stork which had died in the Zoological Gardens, London. All the specimens present are damaged and there is only one piece showing the anterior part containing the head collar. It was not possible to determine the exact length of the specimens, but they are long and slender and measure at least 18 mm. in length. The body is almost uniform in width except in the regions of the ventral sucker and the testes where it is broader. The cuticle is thickly covered with spines in the anterior region of the body from the posterior border of the head collar to the posterior rim of the ventral sucker. On the dorsal surface the spines form a semicircle around the region of the ventral sucker and extend on either side of it. On the ventral surface very few spines are present on the sides of the sucker. The size of these spines varies a lot; in the anterior part they are very small, their size increasing towards the posterior region up to the end of the oesophagus from where it decreases again till the last row of spines which are very small.
Observations on strigeid metacercariae in the eyes of fish from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex, England
Authors: Wootten R.
Published: June 2009

A comparative study was made of the occurrence of the metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata and T. podicipina in the eyes of brown and rainbow trout, perch, ruffe, roach, ten-spined stickleback, eel and stone-loach, from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex between January 1968 and March 1969. D. spathaceum was found in all fish species and T. clavata in all except eel and stone-loach. The degree of infection varied considerably between different host species. T. podicipina occurred mainly in young perch but was also found in rainbow trout and ruffe. D. spathaceum normally occurring in the lens was also found in considerable numbers in the humor of the eye in brown and rainbow trout, perch and ruffe. Infection with D. spathaceum and T. clavata increased with length and age of the host although in some host species there was a reduction in the largest fish examined. Newly introduced rainbow trout became infected with D. spathaceum and T. clavata during their first summer in the reservoir.
Neoheterakis chapini n.g., n.sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from Afropavo congensis Chapin, 1936
Authors: Kumar V. , Thienpont D.
Published: June 2009

Neoheterakis chapini n.g., n.sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) is described from the caecum of a Congopeacock Afropavo congensis Chapin, 1936. The diagnostic features of the subfamily Spinaspidoderinae are extended to accomodate the new genus.
Aspiculuris tetraptera in wild Mus musculus. The prevalence of infection in male and female mice
Authors: Behnke Jerzy M.
Published: June 2009

A survey was carried out of the levels of infection with Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata in a wild house mouse population living in the Charles Clore Small Mammals Pavilion at the London Zoo in Regent's Park. The extent of infection with A. tetraptera is analysed according to the sex of the host. It is shown that the prevalence of infection was greater in male than in female mice and frequency distribution studies suggest that this is not only because fewer female mice become infected but also because females resist larvae more effectively than do males.
Helminth parasites of the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Veillot, 1817 in Colorado, with two new species
Authors: Kayton Robert J. , Schmidt Gerald D.
Published: June 2009

Ninety-seven cliff swallows, Petrocheilidon pyrrhonota, were examined from North-eastern Colorado. Five species of nematodes (Hadjelia pyrrhonotae sp. n., Acuaria sp., Microtetrameres inermis, Splendidofilaria sp., Diplotriaena sp.); four species of trematodes (Concinnum minor sp. n., Brachylecithum marinholutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotremagratiosus); and two species of acanthocephala.(Mediorhynchusgrandis, Mediorhynchus papillosus (juveniles)) were recovered. All eleven species of helminths represent new host records. Six new records (Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotrema gratiosus) were established for Colorado. Five new records (Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi were established for North America.
Studies on Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb. 2. Pathology of experimental plerocercoid infections
Authors: Opuni E. K. , Muller R. L.
Published: June 2009

The pathology associated with the early migratory phase of infection by the sparganum larvae of Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) Opuni and Muller, 1974 (Pseudophyllidea: Diphyllobothriidae), has been investigated in TO strain mice and in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). All infected mice developed haemorrhagic skin lesions and oedema of the joints and often ascites and peritonitis 3–6 weeks after infection. There was a 25% mortality in mice given plerocercoids orally, 37.5% in those injected with procercoids intraperitoneally. From eight weeks after infection larvae in both mice and monkeys were at various stages of encapsulation. One monkey which died three weeks after oral infection with 100 procercoids had developed ascites, haemorrhagic lesions and an acute peritonitis; infarcts were observed in the liver, lungs and spleen.
Migration and Growth of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in Golden Hamsters Mesocricetus auratus
Authors: Ray D. K. , Bhopale K. K. , Shrivastava V. B.
Published: June 2009

The route of migration and development of Ancylostoma ceylanicum, when given orally, has been described for the first time in hamsters. A predominant feature of the migration is the absence of any lung journey. This is unlike A. caninum, A. duodenale and A, brazilicnse when larvae are similarly given to an abnormal host. The larvae of A. ceylanicum apparently had no submucosal migration
Investigation of the Accuracy of the Clayton-Lane Faecal Egg Flotation Technique for Estimating the Numbers of Hyostrongylus rubidus (Hassall and Stiles, 1892) Eggs in Pig Faeces
Authors: Castelino J. B. , Herbert I. V.
Published: June 2009

We have investigated, the accuracy of a nematode egg flotation technique, using magnesium sulphate and the Clayton-Lane centrifuge system routinely used in diagnostic laboratories, to estimate the numbers of H. rubidus in porcine faeces. Eggs present in 3 g samples taken at random from a night's faecal collection from one pig were shown to be randomly distributed. The technique was not of reproducible accuracy and various sources of error were investigated.
The effect of ultra-violet radiation on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Ghandour A. M. , Webbe G.
Published: June 2009

It was shown that ultra-violet radiation has a damaging effect on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium which are similarly influenced. Radiation of cercariae for intervals as short as 5–20 seconds markedly increased their mortality during penetration of host skin and inhibited migration of schistosomula in the lungs beyond days 3–4 post-infection. No mature adult worms were recovered from the liver and mesenteric veins of animals infected with irradiated cercariae. The practical significance of the cercaricidal property of ultra-violet radiation is discussed.
The effect of gamma radiation on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Ghandour A. M. , Webbe G.
Published: June 2009

Studies were made of the fate of irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, during their migration as schistosomula in the definitive host, by direct recovery of intact schistosomula from the skin and lungs and of adult worms from the liver of infected mice. Gamma radiation (6000 r) inhibited the migration and maturation of S. mansoni schistosomula to the adult stage. Penetration of irradiated cercariae into host skin proceeded normally and the first site of damage was in the lungs, but the majority of irradiated schistosomula were probably destroyed in the liver. The efiects of gamma radiation compared with those of ultra-violet radiation on cercariae of S. mansoni are discussed.
Contributions to our Knowledge of Digenetic Trematodes Part V. On Two New Species of Philophthalmus Looss, 1899 and a Discussion on the Family Philophthalamidae
Authors: Baugh S. C.
Published: June 2009

Two specimens of this fluke were collected from the nictitating membrane of the Steppe Eagle, Aquila nipalensis Hudson, shot near the lake Chinhut, about 5 miles from Lucknow, U.P.

The body.(Fig. 1) is aspinose, flattened and clavate with a narrow anterior and a broadly rounded posterior end. It measures 4·5–5·9 mm. in length and 1·5–1·8 mm. in maximum width in the middle region. The oral sucker is terminal measuring 0·33–0·36 mm. X 0·47–0·49 mm. The ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker, situated at the level of the division of. the anterior and middle-thirds of the body, and about 1·14 mm. from the anterior extremity. It measures 0·56–0·61 mm. X 0·52–0·54 mm.
On Two Filarial Parasites from Dogs in Ceylon, Brugia ceylonensis n.sp. and Dipetalonema sp.inq.
Authors: Jayewardene L. G.
Published: June 2009

A new species of Brugia, from the lymphatic glands of dogs in Ceylon, is described. It is closely related to B. patei (Buckley, Nelson and Heisch, 1958).

Also from dogs in Ceylon, a species of Dipetalonema was recovered whose relationship with other species of Dipetalonema is discussed. In the absence of conclusive evidence that it is a distinct species it is for the present regarded as a species inquirenda.
Observations on Gestodes of the Genera Anoplocephala Blanchard, 1848 and Inermicapsifer Janicki, 1910 from Hyraxes in East Africa
Authors: Schnur L. F.
Published: June 2009

Part of the cestode fauna of ten hyraxes captured in Kenya was studied.

The species of hyrax were Procavia habessinica Hemprich and Ehrenberg and Heterohyrax syriacus Schreber.

One hundred and five cestodes were fixed, stained, mounted and examined. Descriptions of specimens, including measurements, are recorded in text and figures.
On the Migration Route of the Infective Larvae ofNippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: Gharib H. M.
Published: June 2009

Some experiments were carried out on the migration route of the parasiteN. brasiliensis. The infective larvae migrate to the lungs via the lymphatic system and not by the blood stream. The larvae reached the lymphatic gland draining the site of infection from 12 to 17 hours after normal exposure to infection and the lungs from 18 hours onwards.
Study of the effects of insulin on the migration ofHymenolepls diminutain rats
Authors: Cho C. H.
Published: June 2009

The effects of insulin on worm (Hymenolepls diminuta) migration was studied. Insulin injection (20 U/kg, s.c.) significantly increased gastric acid output but did not affect the serotonin content of blood, intestinal lumen or worms. The drug produced, dose-dcpcndcntly, postcriad migration of the worms in rats without pylorusligation but ligation of the pylorus prevented this migration. It is concluded that the hypcrsccrction of gastric acid induced by insulin is responsible for the postcriad migration ofH. diminutain rats.
Enzyme analyses of natural populations ofSchistocephalus solidusandLigula intestinalis
Authors: McManus D. P.
Published: June 2009

Results are reported of enzyme analyses, following isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels, of Plerocercoids of the pseudophyllidean cestodesLigula intestinalisandSchistocephalus solidus. No polymorphic variants were detectable for the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) or phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in 34 individuals ofS. solidus. Similarly, no variants were observed in LDH, MDH or GPI of 159 individuals ofL. intestinaliscollected from four cyprinid fish species from several locations in southern England. In contrast, PGM ofL. intestinalisis Polymorphic. The enzyme appears to be controlled by three loci and one of these loci, designated PGM-2, is Polymorphic with three recognizable phenotypes. The polymorphism is not related to the species orgeographical origin of infected fish and it does not reflect strain variation inL. intestinalis. Instead, it is typical of a genetic polymorphism under the control of two co-dominant alleles. Such a balanced polymorphism requires that cross-fertilization must occur, at least transiently, inL. intestinalis. The work indicates that enzymes can be used as markers in future genetic studies with cestodes, and that the combination of IEF and zymogram analysis represents an important method for the detection of cross-fertilization in these worms.
Studies on the enzyme phenol oxidase in a freshwater monogenetic trematode
Authors: Bhagavathiammai A. , Ramalingam K.
Published: June 2009

Cytochemical localization of the enzyme phenol oxidase inNeomurraytrema tengrahas been studied. Results reveal that the enzyme reacts with substrates such as catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, dopa, doparmine, epinephrine and tyramine, but not with tyrosine and protocatechuic acid. Thus it shows activity with a wide range of phenols, aminated, mono and diphenols and also with deaminated and decarboxylated, di- and polyphenols. The maximum activity of the enzyme occurs between 40°C and 50°C with a pH optimum of 6–6.
Experimental infection of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) with Echinococcus granulosus of camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from Kenya
Authors: Macpherson Calum N. L. , Else James E. , Suleman Mbaruk
Published: June 2009

In different areas of the world, strains of Echinococcus granulosus have been described which appear to vary in their infectivity, and laboratory primates have been used as indicators of their infectivity to man. This phenomenon was evaluated in Kenya for hydatid material of human, camel, cattle, sheep and goat orgin. Viable eggs, produced by experimental infections in dogs with larval material from all the above intermediate hosts, were fed separately to four baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in each case. Baboons were autopsied between 373 and 501 days following infection and the liver, lungs, heart, spleen and kidneys were thoroughly inspected. Hydatid cysts were recovered from two baboons in each of the camel, sheep and goat groups, three baboons in the cattle group and none of the baboons in the human group. Fertile cysts were found in the cattle and goat groups and it is suggested that the baboon could be used as an experimental model for this parasite.
A Helminth Survey of Sheep and Goats in Cyprus.Part I. The Seasonal Distribution and Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites
Authors: Riche P. D. Le , Efstathiou G. C. , Campbell J. B. , Altan Y.
Published: June 2009

889 complete alimentary tracts were examined for helminths during a two-year survey of sheep and goats in Cyprus. Faecal samples were also examined for worm eggs.

The most common parasites found were Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp. and a list of all the parasites and their prevalence is given.

Bunostomum trigonoceplialum, Parabronema skrjabini and Skrjabinema ovis were found for the first time in Cyprus.

The infection rate of each of the worms was studied and the results showed that most of the worms followed the same general pattern, having a peak in the spring and another in the autumn, separated by a trough during the hot dry summer period, when the infection rate yvas low. There were variations within this pattern, Trichostrongylus spp. having a spring peak that was more pronounced than the autumn peak. The reverse occurred with Ostertagia, Chabertia and Oesophagostomum spp., which had a more pronounced autumn peak than spring peak and a lower rate of infection in the summer.

Variations in the infection rate were also noted between the two years of study.

The reasons for these variations are discussed and it appears that weather has some influence on the timing and duration of the peaks but that other factors must also be involved. It is suggested that with some species inhibition of development of the immature stages may occur over the hot dry period, and that these immature worms resume their development towards the end of summer.

A similarity was noticed between the seasonal distribution of the different worm species in Cyprus and in the winter rainfall areas of Australia.
Notes on the Life History of Aspidogaster conchicola Baer, 1826 (Trematoda; Aspidogastridae)
Authors: Bakker K. E. , Davids C.
Published: June 2009

The presence of Aspidogaster conchicola in the Netherlands has not been previously reported.

Regarding the relationship between the parasite and its host, the following observations have been made:

1. Infection of a new host with embryonated eggs of Aspidogaster conchicola gave positive results. A possible mode of infection via the nephridiopore is suggested.

2. The larvae apparently remain in the renal cavities of the host until they mature, when they move into the pericardium.

3. The larvae's development to maturity took at least three months at an average temperature of 18°C.

4. Visible damage to the host is confined to a deformation of the epithelium where the haptor (ventral sucker) is attached.
Studies withBrugia pahangi. 14. Intrauterine development of the microfilaria and a comparison with other filarial species
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Ellis D. S. , Denham D. A.
Published: June 2009

The intrauterine development ofBrugia pahangiembryos was followed from after fertilization to birth, using light and electron microscopy. The origin and development of the sheath of the microfilaria and its Possible role in the nutrition of the developing embryo were particularly investigated. Comparisons were drawn with the intrauterine development of other filarial species. The egg shell of theB. pahangiembryo js distinct from the oolemma and forms the sheath of the microfilaria. It is suggested that the electron dense material released by cells of the uterine wall and passing along the channels between the egg shells of adjacent embryos is nutritive. The death of large numbers of developing embryos in the central uterine Jumen is probably caused by overcrowding as their size rapidly increases, leading to nutritional deficiency.
The source, release and specificity of proteolytic enzyme activity produced byAnisakis simplexlarvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) invitro
Authors: Matthews Bernard E.
Published: June 2009

Indirect fluorescent antibody techniques and incubation of sectioned and ligatured larvae have been used to locate the source of azocoll-positivc secretions within the oesophagcal glands of third-stageAnisakis simplexlarvae. The “excretory” system, previously suggested as a source of invasive enzymes, docs not seem to be involved. The proteolytic enzyme has trypsin-like properties and evidence is presented for its continuous synthesis during invitrostorage.
Histochemical localization and functional significance of some enzymes in various tissues ofCeylonocotyle scoliocoeliumcultured invitro
Authors: Sharma A. N.
Published: June 2009

TPase and SDII activities were studied in various tissues ofCeylonocotyle scoliocoeliummaintained invitroin medium A for 15 days, using standard histochemical techniques. Results were compared with the normal activities of these enzymes in the tissues of worms freshly collected. Low ATPase and SDH enzyme activities in the tissues of cultured flukes indicated their low metabolic rate. Intensity of enzymatic reactions was also found to be tissue specific. The suitability of culture medium ‘A’ for the invitrocultivation of amphistomes is discussed.
The presence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Viti Levu, Fiji
Authors: Uchikawa R. , Takagi M. , Matayoshi S. , Sato A.
Published: June 2009

Wild rats and molluscs were examined for Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection on Viti Levu, Fiji. A. cantonensis were recovered from 29–6% (16/54) of Rattus rattus and 59–5% (25/42) of R. exulans. A. cantonensis like larval nematodes were found in all of four slugs, Laevicaulis alte, and ten of 20 unidentified land snails. The larvae developed to adult A. cantonensis in the pulmonary arteries of laboratory rats 40 to 42 days after ingestion. This is the first record of A. cantonensis in Fiji.
Three New Trematode Parasites of the African Darter, Anhinga rufa rufa (Lacépède and Daudin, 1802) in Ghana
Authors: Ukoli F. M. A.
Published: June 2009

1. An investigation of the helminth parasites of the African Darter, Anhinga rufa rufa in Ghana produced the following trematodes and cestodes:

(1) Strigea anhingae n.sp.

(2) Diplostomum ghanense n.sp.

(3) Phagicola bulbosa n.sp.

(4) Clinostomum tilafiiae Ukoli, 1966

(5) Clinostomum phalacrocoracis Dubois, 1931

(6) Echinorhynchotaenia tritesticulata Fuhrmann, 1909

The new species are described and classified in this paper.
A study of the relationship between temperature and the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cercariae
Authors: Ghandour A. M.
Published: June 2009

It was shown that maintenance of cercariae of S. mansoni and S. haematobium at low (10°C) and high temperatures (40°C) markedly increased their mortality during penetration of mammalian host skin. These increased losses in the skin accounted for the known decrease in infectivity, as measured by adult worm recovery, of cercariae kept at low or high temperatures.
Studies on trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Odhner, 1914) in Iran: 1. Preliminary epidemiological surveys in man and carnivores in Khuzestan
Authors: Massoud J. , Jalali H. , Reza M.
Published: June 2009

Trematodes of the family I Ictcrophyidac in man and carnivores were studied in Khuzcstan, south-west Iran.Hight hundred and eleven stool samples from a population of 3400 in 13 villages in a swampy area located incentral Khuzcstan were examined by the formalin-ether concentration technique. The following helminths were found: Ascaris lumbricoides 7%, Trichostronayius spp. 53%, hookworms 4%, Trichuris trichiura 5%, Hywenolepis nana 12% and hetcrophyid spp. 8%. Post-mortem examination of carnivores revealed that 14·2% of jackals, 33·3% of foxes and 2·5% of dogs were infected with hctcrophyids, namely Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes heterophyes and H. katsuradai. The freshwater snails Melanoides and Melanopsis spp. and brackish water fishes ltarhus spp. and Mugil spp. were thought to be the intermediate hosts of these flukes in this area. This is the first report of hctcrophyid infection in man and carnivores in Iran.
Echinococcus multilocularis: Identification of proteins inducing antibody formation in metacestode infection
Authors: Lingelbach K. , Hinz E.
Published: June 2009

An approach to the identification of parasite proteins which are immunogenic in natural infections is described, using the infection with the larval stage ofEchinococcus multilocularisas a parasite model. Metacestode proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose sheets (Western blotting). Subsequently, immune recognition of the proteins was performed with various host sera and antigen-antibody complexes were detected enzymatically. Using homologous antisera, different patterns of immunogenic bands were revealed by sera of different host species. Cross-reactions with sera from individuals infected with unrelated helminths were analysed. Four proteins ofE. multiloculariswhich failed to show any cross-reaction were identified.
The relevance of in vitro anthelmintic screening tests employing the free-living stages of trichostrongylid nematodes
Authors: Ibarra O.F. , Jenkings D.C.
Published: June 2009

The response of the free-living stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Nematospiroides dubius, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia ostertagi to a wide variety of antiparasitic agents in vitro was investigated.

All the major broad spectrum veterinary anthelmintics showed good activity against each of these worms with EC30 values varying from about 00002mg/1 for certain benzimidazoles and ivermectin to about 6–5 mg/1 for febantel. Of 22 known narrow spectrum anthelmintics useful only against H. contortus and/or helminths other than trichostrongyles, only 10% showed good activity at concentrations equal to or less than 100mg/1. Further, only one of 15 antiprotozoal agents showed good activity in these tests at the 100mg/1 level.