bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regioselective palladium-catalysed aerobic oxidation of dextran and its use as a bio-based binder in paperboard coatings
Authors: Maßmann Sarina C. , Metselaar Gerald A. , van Dijken Derk Jan , van den Berg Keimpe J. , Witte Martin D. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: February 2024

Dextran can be selectively oxidized at the C3-position and subsequently crosslinked with dihydrazides.
Photocatalyzed Minisci-type reactions for late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Li Shuqi , Qiu Feng , Ang Hwee Ting , Wu Jie , Jia Penghao
Published: February 2024

The application of photocatalyzed Minisci-type reactions in LSF accelerates the discovery of drug candidates in a green way.
Natural linewidths of Cu Kα1,2 spectra obtained with an antiparallel double-crystal X-ray spectrometer
Authors: Ito Yoshiaki , Tochio Tatsunori , Yamashita Michiru , Fukushima Sei , Syrocki Łukasz , Słabkowska Katarzyna , Polasik Marek , Marques José Pires , Parente Fernando
Published: February 2024

An investigation of Cu Kα X-ray emission spectra, together with their satellite lines, using both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations, provides accurate values for the natural linewidths and other parameters of the emission lines.
Microphysiological pancreas-on-chip platform with integrated sensors to model endocrine function and metabolism
Authors: Schlünder Katharina , Cipriano Madalena , Zbinden Aline , Fuchs Stefanie , Mayr Torsten , Schenke-Layland Katja , Loskill Peter
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic in vitro models are crucial for research on diseases such as diabetes mellitus. A novel thermoplastic organ-on-chip with integrated real-time read-outs models the complex microphysiological structure and function of the endocrine pancreas.
A new iron(iii) complex-functionalized selenium nanowires (Fe@SeNWs) for potential phototherapeutic applications with red light
Authors: Bhowmik Rintu , Upadhyay Aarti , Pal Maynak , Bera Arpan , Roy Mithun
Published: February 2024

New iron(iii)-phenolate/carboxylate complex-functionalized selenium nanowires (Fe@SeNWs) were synthesized, which have emerged as strategic tools for next generation chemo-phototherapeutic applications.
Recent advances in discovery and biosynthesis of natural products from myxobacteria: an overview from 2017 to 2023
Authors: Wang Chao-Yi , Hu Jia-Qi , Wang De-Gao , Li Yue-Zhong , Wu Changsheng
Published: February 2024

This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the discovery methodologies, new structures, bioactivities, and unique biosynthetic logics of myxobacterial natural products reported from January 2017 to November 2023.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric sensor for hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Ismillayli Nurul , Suprapto Suprapto , Santoso Eko , Nugraha Reva Edra , Holilah Holilah , Bahruji Hasliza , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Hermanto Dhony , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: February 2024

To consider silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a colorimetric sensor for H2O2 we require investigation of the effects of the homogeneity of the nanoparticle size and morphology on the sensor parameters.
Hydrogen production, storage, and transportation: recent advances
Authors: Rampai M. M. , Mtshali C. B. , Seroka N. S. , Khotseng L.
Published: February 2024

Production, storage and transportation are the three key areas of development for hydrogen as a sustainable energy source.
How surface-to-volume ratio affects degradation of magnesium: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Sun Jiang , Liu Shan-Shan , Zou Da , He Xuan , Shi Zhang-Zhi , Li Wei-Shi
Published: February 2024

The increased number of grooves on the HP magnesium surface represented a decrease in the percentage of residual volume over time, not necessarily an increase in absolute degradation volume or a regular change in corrosion rate.
Heterophase-structured bismuth nanosheets for solar energy-driven electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Zhang Jian , Qin Chenchen , Liu Daomeng , He Jiaxin , Li Qingyi , Feng Ziyi , Yang Zhiyuan , Wang Junzhong , Yang Zhengkun
Published: February 2024

Heterophase-boundary-abundant bismuth nanosheets were fabricated via facile electrochemical reduction of Bi-based coordination polymers, exhibiting excellent performance for CO2 reduction.
NIR-II emissive donor–acceptor–donor fluorophores for dual fluorescence bioimaging and photothermal therapy applications
Authors: Sparks Nicholas E. , Smith Cameron , Stahl Terrence , Amarasekara Dhanush L. , Hamadani Christine , Lambert Ethan , Tang Sheng Wei , Kulkarni Anuja , Derbigny Blaine M. , Dasanayake Gaya S , Taylor George , Ghazala Maryam , Hammer Nathan I. , Sokolov Alexander Y. , Fitzkee Nicholas C. , Tanner Eden E. L. , Watkins Davita L.
Published: February 2024

Herein, we focus on the design, synthesis, and characterization of thienothiadiazole (TTD)-based near-infrared II (NIR-II) theranostic fluorophores and their nanoparticles.
The more the merrier: optimizing monomer concentration for supersaturation controlled synthesis of stable ultra-small CsPbBr3 nanocrystals for blue emission
Authors: Ravi Vikash Kumar , Li Zheng , Paul Shlok Joseph , Sahu Ayaskanta
Published: February 2024

An increase in monomer concentration leads to an increase in the relative supersaturation conditions and a reduction in nanocrystal size, yielding ultra-small and stable blue-emitting CsPbBr3 nanocrystals.
A defect-enriched PdMo bimetallene for ethanol oxidation reaction and 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Lu Yi , Shi Yiwei , Wang Yu , Cao Jun , Wang Jingjing , Zheng Yingying , Pan Jiaqi , Zhong Wenwu , Li Chaorong
Published: February 2024

A defect-enriched PdMo bimetallene is shown for the first time to catalyze the ethanol oxidation reaction and 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Correction: How fast do defects migrate in halide perovskites: insights from on-the-fly machine-learned force fields
Authors: Pols Mike , Brouwers Victor , Calero Sofía , Tao Shuxia
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘How fast do defects migrate in halide perovskites: insights from on-the-fly machine-learned force fields’ by Mike Pols et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 4660–4663, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC00953J.
Synthesis of an iron-based metal–organic framework with octahedral cages for the selective capture of sulfur hexafluoride
Authors: Wang Hao , Shi Le , Cao Honghao , Xiong Zhangyi , Ma Si , Pan Jun , Chen Zhijie
Published: February 2024

An iron-based metal–organic framework with octahedral cages for the effective capture of sulfur hexafluoride.
Gaining insight into molecular tunnel junctions with a pocket calculator without I–V data fitting. Five-thirds protocol
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: February 2024

A simple protocol is proposed to process I–V data measured for molecular tunnel junctions that allows extraction of the microscopic parameters and obviates data fitting. To validate it, data for a broad variety of molecular junctions are examined.
Correction: Mimicking ion and water management in poultry breeding for highly reversible zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhai Shengli , Song Wanrong , Jiang Keren , Tan Xuehai , Zhang Wenyao , Yang Yang , Chen Weifeng , Chen Ning , Zeng Hongbo , Li Hui , Li Zhi
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Mimicking ion and water management in poultry breeding for highly reversible zinc ion batteries’ by Shengli Zhai et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 5479–5489, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EE03045H.
Spin-state dependent pressure responsiveness of Fe(ii)-based triazolate metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kronawitter Silva M. , Röβ-Ohlenroth Richard , Hallweger Sebastian A. , Hirrle Marcel , Krug von Nidda Hans-Albrecht , Luxenhofer Tobias , Myatt Emily , Pitcairn Jem , Cliffe Matthew J. , Daisenberger Dominik , Wojciechowski Jakub , Volkmer Dirk , Kieslich Gregor
Published: February 2024

We applied Fe(ii)-based MOFs with different spin-states to investigate the impact of Fe(ii) spin-state on the bulk modulus. The results emphasize the complex parameter space that determines the mechanical properties of MOFs.
Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of GCN5L1 reduces lysine acetylation and attenuates diastolic dysfunction in aged mice by improving cardiac fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Stewart Jackson E. , Crawford Jenna M. , Mullen William E. , Jacques Angelica , Stoner Michael W. , Scott Iain , Thapa Dharendra
Published: February 2024

Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of aging and many age-related conditions. As such, complete control of mitochondrial function is critical to maintain cardiac efficiency in the aged heart. Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification shown to regulate several mitochondrial metabolic and biochemical processes. In the present study, we investigated how mitochondrial lysine acetylation regulates fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and cardiac function in the aged heart. We found a significant increase in mitochondrial protein acetylation in the aged heart which correlated with increased level of mitochondrial acetyltransferase-related protein GCN5L1. We showed that acetylation status of several fatty acid and glucose oxidation enzymes (long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, hydroxyacyl-coA dehydrogenase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase) were significantly up-regulated in aged heart which correlated with decreased enzymatic activities. Using a cardiac-specific GCN5L1 knockout (KO) animal model, we showed that overall acetylation of mitochondrial proteins was decreased in aged KO animals, including FAO proteins which led to improved FAO activity and attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction observed in the aged heart. Together, these findings indicate that lysine acetylation regulates FAO in the aged heart which results in improved cardiac diastolic function and this is in part regulated by GCN5L1.
The SMN-ribosome interplay: a new opportunity for Spinal Muscular Atrophy therapies
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Paganin Martina , Lauria Fabio , Perenthaler Elena , Viero Gabriella
Published: February 2024

The underlying cause of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is in the reduction of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels due to mutations in the SMN1 gene. The specific effects of SMN protein loss and the resulting pathological alterations are not fully understood. Given the crucial roles of the SMN protein in snRNP biogenesis and its interactions with ribosomes and translation-related proteins and mRNAs, a decrease in SMN levels below a specific threshold in SMA is expected to affect translational control of gene expression. This review covers both direct and indirect SMN interactions across various translation-related cellular compartments and processes, spanning from ribosome biogenesis to local translation and beyond. Additionally, it aims to outline deficiencies and alterations in translation observed in SMA models and patients, while also discussing the implications of the relationship between SMN protein and the translation machinery within the context of current and future therapies.
Orthographic Learning in French-Speaking Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Sabatier Elodie , Leybaert Jacqueline , Chetail Fabienne
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Children are assumed to acquire orthographic representations during autonomous reading by decoding new written words. The present study investigates how deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children build new orthographic representations compared to typically hearing (TH) children.

Method:

Twenty-nine DHH children, from 7.8 to 13.5 years old, with moderate-to-profound hearing loss, matched for reading level and chronological age to TH controls, were exposed to 10 pseudowords (novel words) in written stories. Then, they performed a spelling task and an orthographic recognition task on these new words.

Results:

In the spelling task, we found no difference in accuracy, but a difference in errors emerged between the two groups: Phonologically plausible errors were less common in DHH children than in TH children. In the recognition task, DHH children were better than TH children at recognizing target pseudowords. Phonological strategies seemed to be used less by DHH than by TH children who very often chose phonological distractors.

Conclusions:

Both groups created sufficiently detailed orthographic representations to complete the tasks, which support the self-teaching hypothesis. DHH children used phonological information in both tasks but could use more orthographic cues than TH children to build up orthographic representations. Using the combination of a spelling task and a recognition task, as well as analyzing the nature of errors, in this study, provides a methodological implication for further understanding of underlying cognitive processes.
On the Potential of Algorithm Fusion for Demographic Bias Mitigation in Face Recognition
Authors: Kolberg Jascha , Schäfer Yannik , Rathgeb Christian , Busch Christoph
Published: February 2024

With the rise of deep neural networks, the performance of biometric systems has increased tremendously. Biometric systems for face recognition are now used in everyday life, e.g., border control, crime prevention, or personal device access control. Although the accuracy of face recognition systems is generally high, they are not without flaws. Many biometric systems have been found to exhibit demographic bias, resulting in different demographic groups being not recognized with the same accuracy. This is especially true for facial recognition due to demographic factors, e.g., gender and skin color. While many previous works already reported demographic bias, this work aims to reduce demographic bias for biometric face recognition applications. In this regard, 12 face recognition systems are benchmarked regarding biometric recognition performance as well as demographic differentials, i.e., fairness. Subsequently, multiple fusion techniques are applied with the goal to improve the fairness in contrast to single systems. The experimental results show that it is possible to improve the fairness regarding single demographics, e.g., skin color or gender, while improving fairness for demographic subgroups turns out to be more challenging.
No‐reference image quality assessment via a dual‐branch residual network
Authors: Ji Peng , Liu Chang , Chen Hao
Published: February 2024

The No‐Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR‐IQA) method can predict quality scores of distorted images without the reference image. However, due to the variability in both color and structure of images, existing NR‐IQA methods struggle to accurately predict quality scores of distorted images. Therefore, an NR‐IQA method based on a Dual‐Branch Residual Network (DBRIQA) for evaluating the quality scores of color‐distorted images is proposed. First, guided filtering is applied to the hue images in the HSV space to extract distortion information from the image's color. Then, due to significant differences in distorted images, enhancements are made to the traditional residual blocks, forming a feature extraction module that captures multi‐scale features from the image. In order to capture the global relationships in the distorted image, a Global‐Level Attention Block (GLAB) is introduced, facilitating the interaction of information among the extracted features. Experiments were conducted across four publicly available IQA datasets, including LIVE, CSIQ, TID2008, and TID2013. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits strong performance and generalization capabilities in predicting image quality compared to peer methods.
Freeway congestion management on multiple consecutive bottlenecks with RL‐based headway control of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Elmorshedy Lina , Smirnov Ilia , Abdulhai Baher
Published: February 2024

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is the core building block of future full autonomous driving. Numerous recent research demonstrated that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) adopting shorter headways generally increase road capacity and may relieve congestion at bottlenecks for moderate demand scenarios. However, with high demand scenarios, bottlenecks can still be activated causing capacity breakdown. Therefore, extra control measures as dynamic traffic control near bottlenecks is necessary. The challenge is harder on urban freeways with consecutive bottlenecks which affect each other. This paper aims to improve the performance of ACC systems in a high demand scenario. A multi‐bottleneck dynamic headway control strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that adapts headways to optimize traffic flow and minimize delay is proposed. The controller dynamically assigns an optimal headway for each controlled section, based on state measurement representing the current traffic conditions. The case study is a freeway stretch with three consecutive bottlenecks which is then extended to include eight bottlenecks. Three different RL agent configurations are presented and compared. It is quantitatively demonstrated that the proposed control strategy improves traffic and enhances the system delay by up to 22.30%, and 18.87% compared to shortest headway setting for the three‐bottleneck and the eight‐bottleneck networks, respectively.
Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for a large‐scale offshore wind power plant considering grid code constraints: A Turkish case study
Authors: Mokhtare Mohammad Hossein , Keysan Ozan
Published: February 2024

Integration of large‐scale wind farms (WFs) into the grid has to meet the critical constraints set in the national grid code. Wind farm operators (WFOs) are inclined to comply with these constraints and avoid heavy penalty costs for violating such regulations. However, this may result in reduced power sent to the grid. Moreover, the addition of new rules to account for the increased penetration of WFs brings challenges to the profitability of the WFs. A battery energy storage system (BESS), if sized optimally, can be a reliable method to fulfill the grid code requirements without sacrificing profit. This paper provides a techno‐economic model to find the optimal rated capacity and power for a BESS in WFs. This optimization model takes the absolute production and delta production constraints into account. Two approaches are studied for integrating these constraints into the grid code. It is shown that the flexible strategy financially outperforms the strict addition of the new rules. This will be useful, especially to attract investments in wind energy projects despite the abovementioned limitations in the grid code. All the modeling and analysis are done for a potential offshore wind power plant (OWPP) in Turkey. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the optimal BESS in increasing the amount of energy delivered to the grid and improving the profitability of the OWPP.
Observations of type Ia supernova SN 2020nlb up to 600 days after explosion, and the distance to M85
Authors: Williams S. C. , Kotak R. , Lundqvist P. , Mattila S. , Mazzali P. A. , Pastorello A. , Reguitti A. , Stritzinger M. D. , Fiore A. , Hook I. M. , Moran S. , Salmaso I.
Published: February 2024

The type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2020nlb was discovered in the Virgo Cluster galaxy M85 shortly after explosion. Here we present observations that include one of the earliest high-quality spectra and some of the earliest multi-colour photometry of a SN Ia to date. We calculated that SN 2020nlb faded 1.28 ± 0.02 mag in the B band in the first 15 d after maximum brightness. We independently fitted a power-law rise to the early flux in each filter, and found that the optical filters all give a consistent first light date estimate. In contrast to the earliest spectra of SN 2011fe, those of SN 2020nlb show strong absorption features from singly ionised metals, including Fe II and Ti II, indicating lower-excitation ejecta at the earliest times. These earliest spectra show some similarities to maximum-light spectra of 1991bg-like SNe Ia. The spectra of SN 2020nlb then evolve to become hotter and more similar to SN 2011fe as it brightens towards peak. We also obtained a sequence of nebular spectra that extend up to 594 days after maximum light, a phase out to which SNe Ia are rarely followed. The [Fe III]/[Fe II] flux ratio (as measured from emission lines in the optical spectra) begins to fall around 300 days after peak; by the +594 d spectrum, the ionisation balance of the emitting region of the ejecta has shifted dramatically, with [Fe III] by then being completely absent. The final spectrum is almost identical to SN 2011fe at a similar epoch. Comparing our data to other SN Ia nebular spectra, there is a possible trend where SNe that were more luminous at peak tend to have a higher [Fe III]/[Fe II] flux ratio in the nebular phase, but there is a notable outlier in SN 2003hv. Finally, using light-curve fitting on our data, we estimate the distance modulus for M85 to be μ0 = 30.99 ± 0.19 mag, corresponding to a distance of 15.8+1.4-1.3 Mpc.
X-ray counterpart detection and γ-ray analysis of the supernova remnant G279.0+01.1 with eROSITA and Fermi-LAT
Authors: Michailidis Miltiadis , Pühlhofer Gerd , Santangelo Andrea , Becker Werner , Sasaki Manami
Published: February 2024

A thorough inspection of known Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) along the Galactic plane with SRG/eROSITA yielded the detection of the X-ray counterpart of the SNR G279.0+01.1. The SNR is located just 1.5° above the Galactic plane. Its X-ray emission emerges as an incomplete, partial shell of ~3° angular extension. It is strongly correlated to the fragmented shell-type morphology of its radio continuum emission. The X-ray spatial morphology of the SNR seems to be linked to the presence of dust clouds in the surroundings. The majority of its X-ray emission is soft (exhibiting strong O, Ne, and Mg lines), and it occurs in a narrow range of energies between 0.3 and 1.5 keV. Above 2.0 keV the remnant remains undetected. The remnant’s X-ray spectrum is purely of a thermal nature. Constraining the X-ray absorption column to values which are consistent with optical extinction data from the remnant’s location favors nonequilibrium over equilibrium models. A nonequilibrium two-temperature plasma model of kT ~ 0.3 keV and kT ~ 0.6 keV, as well as an absorption column density of NH ~ 0.3 cm−2 describe the spectrum of the entire remnant well. Significant temperature variations across the remnant have been detected. Employing 14.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data, we carried out a comprehensive study of the extended giga-electronvolt source 4FGL J1000.0-5312e. By refining and properly modeling the giga-electronvolt excess originating from the location of the remnant, we conclude that the emission is likely related to the remnant itself rather than being colocated by chance. The remnant’s properties as determined by the X-ray spectra are consistent with the ~2.5 kpc distance estimates from the literature, which implies a source diameter of ~140 pc and an old age of >7 × 105 yr. However, if the source is associated with any of the pulsars previously considered to be associated with the SNR, then the updated nearby pulsar distance estimates from the YMW16 electron density model rather place the SNR at a distance of ~0.4 kpc. This would correspond to a ~20 pc linear size and a younger age of 104− < 7 × 105 yr, which would be more in line with the nonequilibrium state of the plasma.
Sustainability factors for agroforestry coffee plantations in Pangalengan based on the coffee farmer's perspective
Authors: Putri Handayani Dwi , Parikesit Parikesit , Withaningsih Susanti
Published: February 2024

Coffee as one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world increases its need over time, including the supply of coffee from Indonesia. Indonesia, as the seventh largest country in the world in terms of coffee exporters, demands its coffee plantations to improve their quality and productivity even with limited land. One coffee-producing area in Indonesia with the highest productivity in West Java is Pangalengan District in Bandung Regency. Coffee in Pangalengan is grown with an agroforestry system that benefits not only its economic value but also the land conservation in that area. By facing various challenges, agroforestry coffee in Pangalengan must be maintained to remain sustainable. This research aims to find out what factors influence the sustainability of agroforestry coffee in Pangalengan from the perspective of coffee farmers as the main actors in the upstream coffee supply chain. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews by sampling 70 coffee farmers in Pangalengan and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that 24 factors influence the sustainability of agroforestry coffee plantations in Pangalengan which are divided into five sustainability dimensions: Environment (3 factors), Social (4 factors), Economy (5 factors), Technology (6 factors) and Institutional Governance (6 factors).
Communicating ecological awareness through hiking Mount Argopuro
Authors: Dirgantara Pradipta , Fadli Kalaloi Abdul , Angga Dianita Indria
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this research paper is to establish a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in communicating ecological awareness through hiking Mount Argopuro. This research benefits from employing a qualitative methodology, specifically utilizing a single instrumental case study. The data collection process involves the utilization of primary data obtained from 10 local hikers who serve as key informants. The collection of main data is accomplished through conducting in-depth interviews, while secondary data is obtained through a comprehensive review of relevant literature. The results indicate that the communicating ecological awareness has been achieved by participation in hiking activities, leading to the development of ecologically responsible behaviors such as the protection of natural resources, proper disposal of personal waste, and the adoption of minimalist lifestyles. It has resulted in three distinct categories of outcomes: the establishment of an emotional connection with nature, the attainment of social acceptance within a group setting, and the manifestation of actions aligned with one's personal philosophy toward the preservation and reverence of the natural environment. Drawing upon the environmental communication model, hiking Mount Argopuro presents an opportunity for improving society's capacity to interpret and respond to environmental signals that hold significance for the welfare of both human societies and natural ecosystems.
Les effets de l’implication active des patients sur le développement de la réflexivité chez les étudiants en médecine : une étude interventionnelle
Authors: Gozo Jean-Jonathan Cocou , Renaud Jean-Sébastien , Massé Julie , Giguère Anik , Douville Frédéric , Tremblay Marie-Claude
Published: February 2024

Contexte :L’engagement des patients comme partenaires à part entière dans divers secteurs de la santé transforme l’organisation du système de soins. En éducation médicale, les patients agissant comme formateurs ou enseignants permettraient de réels bénéfices au niveau des apprentissages des étudiants. Cependant, l’intégration active des patients à l’éducation médicale est encore peu documentée et peu étudiée. Cette étude vise à évaluer les effets de la participation de patients-formateurs à un cours de premier cycle en médecine sur la réflexivité des étudiants.Méthodes :Nous avons mené une étude quasi-expérimentale pré-post ciblant les étudiants d’un cours de première année du doctorat de médecine à l’Université Laval. L’intervention consiste en la participation de patients-formateurs à une série de 5 ateliers de discussion du cours. La réflexivité des étudiants a été évaluée en comparant les scores pré- et post-interventionnels à l’aide d’un questionnaire auto-administré comportant un outil de mesure de la réflexivité.Résultats :Cent quarante-quatre étudiants ont participé à l’étude. Les résultats démontrent une différence non significative de variation des scores de réflexivité dans le temps (2,73 [−1,47 ; 6,93], échelle allant de 28 à 168, avec des scores plus élevés indiquant plus de réflexivité) entre les groupes expérimentaux et de contrôle.Conclusion :Ce projet est le premier à faire intervenir des patients partenaires dans le cadre d’une approche d’apprentissage réflexif en éducation médicale au Québec. Les résultats ne permettent pas de démontrer un effet de l’implication des patients sur le développement de la réflexivité en éducation médicale.
Viser le bien-être des étudiant·e·s en médecine : résultats d’une intervention psychoéducative implantée en faculté de médecine à l’Université de Namur
Authors: Schittek Alice , Givron Hélène , Desseilles Martin
Published: February 2024

Contexte : Les étudiant·e·s en médecine présentent des taux particulièrement hauts de stress et de burn-out ainsi qu’un déclin d’empathie. Des auteurs invitent les pédagogues à mettre en place des interventions visant à endiguer ce phénomène dès le début des études en médecine. Objectifs : Cette étude vise à évaluer l’efficacité d’une nouvelle intervention psychoéducative de quinze heures visant à améliorer le bien-être des étudiants en médecine. Méthodes : Les sujets proviennent de trois filières de la faculté de médecine de l’Université de Namur : médecine, sciences pharmaceutiques et biomédicales. Les étudiants en médecine, qui constituaient le groupe expérimental, ont reçu une intervention psychoéducative de septembre à décembre 2021. Le groupe contrôle (étudiants en sciences pharmaceutiques et biomédicales) a poursuivi son cursus, sans recevoir d’intervention. Les deux groupes ont répondu à un questionnaire avant et après l’intervention. Ces questionnaires mesuraient leurs scores de stress, dépression, burn-out estudiantin, compétences émotionnelles, soutien social perçu et empathie. Résultats : On observe une augmentation atténuée du stress perçu, de la dépression, du burn-out estudiantin et une légère diminution des compétences émotionnelles intrapersonnelles dans le groupe expérimental par rapport au groupe contrôle. Les résultats montrent également une légère augmentation de la détresse personnelle et de la prise de perspective pour le groupe expérimental. Conclusion : Une intervention psychoéducative de 15 heures semble avoir des effets positifs, en atténuant l’augmentation des niveaux de stress, dépression et burn-out et améliorant la capacité de prise de perspective des étudiant·e·s en médecine.
Wunsch und Wirklichkeit: Diskrepanz zwischen tatsächlicher
und beabsichtigter Nutzung von ambulanten Entlastungsangeboten
Authors: Scheerbaum Petra , Gräßel Elmar , Wasic Catharina , Pendergrass Anna
Published: February 2024

Ziel  Pflegebedürftige Menschen in Deutschland werden im
Rahmen der häuslichen Pflege hauptsächlich von ihren
Angehörigen versorgt, die dabei unterschiedliche Entlastungs- und
Unterstützungsangebote in Anspruch nehmen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es,
die Häufigkeit der tatsächlichen Nutzung sowie die
gewünschte Nutzung von ambulanten Entlastungs- und
Unterstützungsangeboten zu ermitteln. Als Ursache für die
Pflegebedürftigkeit werden dabei Demenzerkrankungen und
Nicht-Demenzerkrankungen unterschieden.Methodik  Die Daten
stammen aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe pflegender
Angehöriger von gesetzlich versicherten Pflegebedürftigen, die
vom MD Bayern zur Pflegegradeinstufung begutachtet wurden (N=958). Die
Nutzung folgender ambulanter Entlastungs- und Unterstützungsangebote
wurde untersucht: ambulanter Pflegedienst, Haushaltshilfe, Tagespflege, Essen
auf Rädern, Fahrdienst, Betreuungsdienst, 24-Stunden-Betreuung und
Betreuungsgruppe. Charakteristika der pflegebedürftigen Personen, der
pflegenden Angehörigen und der Pflegesituation wurden erfasst.
Unterschiedsanalysen wurden mittels Chi2-Tests sowie t-Tests
durchgeführt. Ergebnisse  Die Inanspruchnahme der
ambulanten Unterstützungsangebote fiel trotz hoher Pflegebelastung der
pflegenden Angehörigen eher gering aus: Sie reichte von 1,7% bei
der Betreuungsgruppe bis 38,4% beim ambulanten Pflegedienst.
Über 40% der Befragten nutzten keines der acht Angebote. Von
diesen Nicht-Nutzern hatten jedoch 72% den Wunsch, in Zukunft mindestens
eines dieser Angebote nutzen zu wollen. Die Haushaltshilfe und der ambulante
Pflegedienst waren von den Nicht-Nutzern die am häufigsten
gewünschten Angebote. Bei Demenzerkrankungen war die
tatsächliche und gewünschte Nutzung, insbesondere bei
Tagespflege, Betreuungsgruppe und Betreuungsdienst, häufiger als bei
anderen Ursachen der Pflegebedürftigkeit.
Schlussfolgerung  Der Wunsch nach Nutzung ist deutlich
höher als die Wirklichkeit der Inanspruchnahme, die bei ambulanten
Entlastungsangeboten von niedrigen Nutzungsraten geprägt ist. Es gilt,
die Ursachen für diese Diskrepanz zu erforschen. Daraus sollten wirksame
Strategien entwickelt werden, die pflegenden Angehörigen so zu beraten,
dass passende Entlastungsangebote die pflegenden Familien auch erreichen und
damit die häusliche Pflegesituation stärken.
Pflegebedürftigkeit im Alter: Angehörigen- und
Versorgungssituation im Zusammenhang mit den Pflegegraden bei häuslicher
Pflege
Authors: Keck Antonia , Pendergrass Anna , Gräßel Elmar
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund In Deutschland können pflegebedürftige
Personen durch Leistungen der Pflegekassen unterstützt werden.
Dafür ist die offizielle Feststellung der Pflegebedürftigkeit
notwendig, die seit Inkrafttreten des zweiten Pflegestärkungsgesetzes
durch die Zuweisung von Pflegegraden – 1 bis 5 – erfolgt. Mit
der Einführung der Pflegegrade sollten unter anderem Menschen mit Demenz
stärker berücksichtigt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die
Pflegegrade durch Merkmale der Angehörigen- und Versorgungssituation
beschrieben, um den Ist-Zustand abzubilden und Ansatzpunkte zur
bedarfsorientierten Versorgung zu bieten.

Methodik Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Rahmen der Querschnittsstudie
„Benefits of being a caregiver“ durch eine bayernweite
schriftliche Befragung pflegender Angehöriger zu Aspekten der
Pflegesituation und dem gegenwärtigen und zukünftig
gewünschtem Nutzungsverhalten von 15 Versorgungsangeboten. Zum Vergleich
der Pflegegrade wurden Gruppenunterschiede mittels χ2-Tests und
einfaktoriellen Varianzanalysen ermittelt. Die Effektstärkenmaße
Odds Ratio und Cohen’s d wurden bei signifikanten
Gruppenunterschieden zum Vergleich zwischen den Pflegegraden 1 und 4 angegeben.
Die Stichprobe umfasste 958 Fälle pflegebedürftiger Personen im
Alter von mindestens 65 Jahren.

Ergebnisse Der Anteil von Menschen mit Demenz stieg mit dem Pflegegrad
signifikant an. Bei den pflegenden Angehörigen nahmen die subjektive
Belastung, funktionale Copingstrategien und das Pflegemotiv die
pflegebedürftige Person nicht in ein Heim geben zu wollen, mit dem
Pflegegrad zu. Bei höherem Pflegegrad wandten pflegende
Angehörige signifikant mehr Zeit für die Unterstützung
bei Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und für
Beaufsichtigung auf; sie erhielten häufiger informelle Hilfe und wohnten
häufiger mit der pflegebedürftigen Person zusammen. Bei 9 der 15
untersuchten Versorgungsangebote (z. B. 24-h-Betreuung) stieg der
gegenwärtige Nutzungsgrad signifikant mit Zunahme des Pflegegrads an.
Insgesamt lag die Nutzungsrate der Angebote jedoch über alle Pflegegrade
hinweg auf einem niedrigen Niveau (M=2,20;
SD=1,90).

Schlussfolgerung Infolge des zweiten Pflegestärkungsgesetzes wird
ein guter Zugang zu Leistungen der Pflegekasse für Menschen mit Demenz
ermöglicht. Der steigende Zeitaufwand für die
Unterstützung bei Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und
für Beaufsichtigung wird durch die Pflegegrade abgebildet. Trotz
steigender Belastung wurden Entlastungsangebote selten genutzt. Es empfiehlt
sich, Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Inanspruchnahme von
Entlastungs- und Beratungsangeboten auszubauen.
Geschichte der Dermatologie und Allergologie in der Nordseeklinik Sylt
Authors: Lantzsch Hanka
Published: February 2024

Im Jahr 1855 wurde Westerland zum Seebad ernannt. Schon damals ist man sich den besonderen heilklimatischen Gegebenheiten bewusst. Das allergenarme Reizklima ist nach wie vor ein wichtiger Standortfaktor, der im Rahmen der Klimaterrainexposition sowohl in der dermatologischen Akutklinik und in der Rehabilitationsklinik therapeutisch genutzt wird. Seit Gründung der Nordseeklinik Sylt im Jahr 1937 durchlebt diese eine bewegte Geschichte. Unter den erfahrenen dermatologischen Chefärzten konnten die dermatologischen Abteilungen immer weiter ausgebaut werden 1. Mit Einführung der naturheilkundlichen Komplexbehandlung 2023 und der verhaltensmedizinisch orientierten Rehabilitation (VOR) entstehen neue Schwerpunkte, die die Klinik immer weiterentwickeln 2.
Naturheilkundliche Komplexbehandlung in der Nordseeklinik Sylt
Authors: Kretschmann Dorothea , Lantzsch Hanka
Published: February 2024

Die dermatologische Abteilung der Asklepios Nordseeklinik Westerland/Sylt führt seit Januar 2023 eine naturheilkundliche Komplexbehandlung durch. Unseres Wissens nach sind wir die einzige dermatologische Akutklinik, die diese Komplexbehandlung ihren dermatologischen Patienten im allergenarmen Nordseeklima anbietet. Im folgenden Artikel möchten wir Ihnen deren Inhalt und Ablauf näher erläutern.
The Nuances and Techniques of Deep Plane Face and Neck Lifting to Maximize the Defined Neck and Jawline and Obtain a Sharp and Beautiful Neck Contour
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Chopra Ritu , Ziai Hedyeh
Published: February 2024

This article seeks to expand on our understanding of lifting by utilizing the benefits of deep plane release and repositioning. The deep plane is a more logical and natural approach to lifting of the face and neck, lifting along the natural anatomic glide planes. Deep plane face and neck lifting have demonstrated superior results in the authors' experience with less dependence on ancillary measures such as fat grafting or implantation for midface volumization. The deep plane technique allows for the face and neck to be treated and lifted as a single composite unit, providing a more natural and long-lasting result and less distortion of underlying structures (i.e., mimetic muscle function). Among facelift surgeons, there is still debate and discussion over treatment of various regions including submandibular gland prominence, jowling and deepened prejowl sulcus, anterior digastric prominence, and a low hyoid. In this article, given the opportunity to share personal experiences, we seek to provide additional insight on the merits of deep plane release in rhytidectomy and our novel approaches to avoiding surgical failures.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism by Cancer Type: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Betts Marissa B. , Liu Xuejun , Junqueira Daniela R. , Fahrbach Kyle , Neupane Binod , Ronnebaum Sarah , Dhamane Amol D.
Published: February 2024

Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Comparing tumor-specific VTE risk is complicated by factors such as surgery, disease stage, and chemotherapy. Network meta-analysis (NMA) using cancer types as network nodes enabled us to estimate VTE rates by leveraging comparisons across cancer types while adjusting for baseline VTE risk in individual studies. This study was conducted to estimate the risk of VTE by cancer type and factors influencing VTE risk. The Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library repositories were systematically searched to identify clinical trials and observational studies published from 2005 to 2022 that assessed the risk of primary cancer-related VTE among two or more distinct cancer types. Studies with similar cancer populations and study methods reporting VTE occurring within 1 year of diagnosis were included in the NMA. Relative VTE rates across cancer types were estimated with random-effects Bayesian NMAs. Absolute VTE rates were calculated from these estimates using the average VTE incidence in lung cancer (the most frequently reported type) as the “anchor.” From 2,603 records reviewed, 30 studies were included in this NMA. The general network described 3,948,752 patients and 18 cancer types: 3.1% experienced VTE within 1 year of diagnosis, with cancer-specific rates ranging from 0.7 to 7.4%. Consistent with existing VTE risk prediction tools, pancreatic cancer was associated with higher-than-average VTE risk. Other cancer types with high VTE risk were brain and ovarian cancers. The relative rankings of VTE risk for certain cancers changed based on disease stage and/or receipt of chemotherapy or surgery.
Innovative Therapies for Acquired Hemophilia A
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Focosi Daniele
Published: February 2024

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder which can be life-threatening. AHA is due to autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII. Disease onset may be idiopathic (approximately half of the cases) or triggered by autoimmune disorders, cancers, drugs, infections, or pregnancy. Besides treating the underlying disorder, specific AHA treatments include management of bleeding and inhibitor eradication. Various first-line and second-line hemostatic and immunosuppressive agents are currently available for the management of AHA. Recently, the hemostatic drug emicizumab and the immunosuppressive drug rituximab have been the object of intense research from investigators as innovative promising therapies for AHA. This narrative review will be focused on the current status of the clinical use of these two off-label therapeutic agents in AHA.
Fibrinolysis-Mediated Pathways in Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Capece Gina E. , Luyendyk James P. , Poole Lauren G.
Published: February 2024

Acute liver injury (ALI), that is, the development of reduced liver function in patients without preexisting liver disease, can result from a wide range of causes, such as viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disease, or adverse reaction to prescription and over-the-counter medications. ALI patients present with a complex coagulopathy, characterized by both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable features. Similarly, ALI patients display a profound dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system with the vast majority of patients presenting with a hypofibrinolytic phenotype. Decades of research in experimental acute liver injury in mice suggest that fibrinolytic proteins, including plasmin(ogen), plasminogen activators, fibrinolysis inhibitors, and fibrin(ogen), can contribute to initial hepatotoxicity and/or stimulate liver repair. This review summarizes major experimental findings regarding the role of fibrinolytic factors in ALI from the last approximately 30 years and identifies unanswered questions, as well as highlighting areas for future research.
Venous Thrombosis in Airborne Viral Infections: Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 now Any Different from Influenza?
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Nocini Riccardo
Published: February 2024

One of the hallmarks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in complicated cases (i.e., requiring hospitalization or intensive care support), is persistent hemostasis activation, which may be associated with a vast array of thrombotic episodes involving both the arterial and venous systems. The renewed emphasis on the relationship between viral infections and venous thrombosis paves the way for determining whether a more common and often underestimated infection disease, such as influenza, may also be associated with a significant burden of venous thrombotic episodes, and how this eventual thrombotic risk compares to that seen in COVID-19, both in the past and with newer variants. Our review of studies comparing the burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with COVID-19 or influenza revealed that the thrombotic risk appears to be significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 but remains certainly not meaningless in those with influenza, particularly in subjects infected by highly virulent strains (i.e., H1N1), in those who develop pneumonia and require intensive care support. In these specific clinical settings, the adoption of tailored thromboprophylaxis may be indicated though more studies are compellingly needed on this matter. As COVID-19 variants emerge, there is a possibility that the VTE burden of COVID-19 will decrease, and progress to that of other respiratory viruses.
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Autologous Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Garoosi Kassra , Yoon YooJin , Winocour Julian , Mathes David W. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos
Published: February 2024

Background The prevalence of obesity in the United States exceeds 40%, yet perioperative effects of higher body mass index (BMI) in autologous breast reconstruction remain poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate BMI's impact on postop complications in abdominal and gluteal-based autologous breast reconstruction.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study using TriNetX, a health care database containing de-identified data from more than 250 million patients. Patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Four cohorts were established by BMI class: <24.99, 25 to 29.99, 30 to 34.99, and 35 to 39.99 kg/m2. Outcomes of interest were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. A two-sample t-test was performed to compare incidence of postoperative complications between cohorts within 3 months of surgery. Patients with a BMI < 24.99 kg/m2 served as the control. Cohorts were balanced on age, race, and ethnicity.

Results We identified 8,791 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction. Of those, 1,143 had a BMI < 24.99 kg/m2, 1,867 had a BMI of 25 to 29.99 kg/m2, 1,396 had a BMI of 30 to 34.99 kg/m2, and 559 had a BMI of 35 to 39.99 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI of 25 to 29.99 kg/m2 had a significantly increased risk of cellulitis. Patients with a BMI of 30 to 34.99 and 35 to 39.99 kg/m2 had a significantly increased risk of cellulitis, surgical site infection, need for debridement, wound dehiscence, and flap failure.

Conclusion Our study illustrates that there is an increased risk of postoperative complications associated with higher BMI classes. Understanding these data are imperative for providers to adequately stratify patients and guide the procedural decision-making.
No Genetic Causality between Tobacco Smoking and Venous Thromboembolism: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Du Hong-Cheng , Zheng Yun-Fei , Shen Meng-Qi , Deng Bai-Yang
Published: February 2024

Background Given the current debate in clinical research about the relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted aimed at elucidating the causal associations of current and past tobacco smoking with the risk of VTE, from the perspective of genetics.

Methods Two-sample univariate and multivariable MR analyses were designed, using summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies involving European individuals. Causality was primarily assessed using multiplicative fixed-effects or random-effects model and inverse variance weighting, supplemented by MR–Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out for sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of the results.

Results In the univariate MR analysis, no significant causal effects were found between current tobacco smoking and the risk of VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Similarly, no significant causal effects were found between past smoking and VTE, DVT, and PE. As for the multivariable MR analysis, results were consistent with univariate MR analysis, with no significant causal effect of either current or past tobacco smoking on the risk of VTE, DVT, and PE.

Conclusion Evidence from both univariate and multivariable MR analyses demonstrated no significant causal relationships between current and past tobacco smoking and VTE, DVT, and PE. This contradicts positive correlations reported in some previous observational studies, which may be explained by other confounding factors. This provided genetic evidence for the conclusion reported in other observational studies that smoking did not affect VTE risk.