bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system for UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks
Authors: Bozorgi Seyed Mostafa , Golsorkhtabaramiri Mehdi , Biglari Khadijeh , Moghaddam Valeh
Published: July 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an essential role in the Internet of Things (IoT) because of their easy usage and cost reduction. A UAV can used as an Air Base Station (ABS). One of the main challenges of an IoT/WSN is energy consumption, most of which relates to the transmutation part. Although many efforts have been made to propose several hybrid, dynamic, and static clustering protocols, most of these protocols apply to certain aspects of the network. So far, not many efforts have been made to present a hybrid protocol that can stay stable in various small and large-scale UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks. This paper presents a hybrid unequal hierarchy routing called an impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system (ICF). Clustering is performed at the beginning of each meta-round instead of each round to reduce overhead. This task scheduling is determined based on fuzzy systems. In ICF, a new clustering plan (CP) technique is presented that is determined based on the fuzzy system. CP is based on the scale of the network and distance of the network to the UAV whether routing should be single-hop or multi-hop. When the CP is single-hop inter-cluster routing, the cluster heads (CHs) closer to the ABS have a larger radius. In this case, CHs closer to ABS have more cluster members (CMs) to receive and data aggregation. When the CP is a multi-hop, the CHs closer to the ABS have a smaller radius. In this case, CHs closer to ABS have more energy to receive and relay data from far CHs to ABS. Choosing single-hop routing for small-scale networks helps reduce the control message's overhead. It also maintains the network's stability by selecting multi-hop routing in a large-scale network. Therefore, in different size networks, the protocol can work agreeably. Also, ICF uses the assistance to cluster heads (ACHs) technique which allows CHs to get help from some of its CMs to help share cluster load. The simulation results showed that the proposed method improves network stability, load-balancing, and network lifetime and performance.
HIDE-IT: An Enhance Secure Least Significant Bit Image Steganographic System Using Dual Encryption Techniques
Authors: Folashade Akande Adenike , Adekola Olubokola , Johnson Femi Temitope , Elugbadebo Oladayo Joseph
Published: July 2024

Data breaches have consistently posed a challenge when it comes to sharing confidential data. Defending communication in data security systems is challenging, especially when it involves concealing information within images without noticeable changes to the visual content. Anyone who possesses the correct key or method can uncover the concealed information. While cryptography techniques have been advanced for ensuring message integrity, privacy, and data security on unsecured communication networks, there is still no foolproof way to ensure the accuracy of the information being transmitted. This paper identifies a crucial flaw in maintaining the trustworthiness of hidden data, as existing encryption techniques may raise doubts, and suggests a solution with an Enhance Secure image Steganographic System that incorporates Least Significant Bit and Dual Encryption Techniques. The recently created system was extensively tested using three common image steganography metrics: PSNR, SSIM, and bpp, resulting in average values of 74.18, 0.98, and 6.35 respectively. These values show outstanding performance by exhibiting no apparent distortion between the cover and stego-image, and they exceed the results of previous research efforts.
Enzyme-Accelerated Catalytic DNA Circuits Enable Rapid and One-pot Detection of Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Li Baolin , Jiang Hui , Luo Sijian , Zeng Zhangrui , Xu Xuejing , Li Xinyu , Zhang Songzhi , Chen Yirong , Ding Shijia , Li Xinmin , Liu Jinbo , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

Catalytic DNA circuits, serving as signal amplification strategies, can enable simple and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in complex matrices but suffer from low reaction rates and depths. Herein, we design an enzyme-accelerated catalytic hairpin assembly (EACHA) in which duplex DNA products are converted into hairpin reactants to continue participating in the next circuit reaction with the assistance of RNase H. Profiting from the high recyclability of the reactants, EACHA exhibits an approximately 37.6-fold enhancement in the rate constant and a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to conventional catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). By integrating an allosteric probe with EACHA, a one-pot method is developed for rapid and direct detection of S. enterica Enteritidis. This method is capable of detecting 15 CFU mL− 1 of S. Enteritidis within 20 min, which is superior to that of real-time PCR. By testing 60 milk samples, we demonstrate this method's high accuracy in discriminating contaminated samples, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997. Moreover, this method can be employed to accurately diagnose early-stage infected mice, with an AUC of 1.00 for feces samples and 0.986 for serum samples. Therefore, this study offers a simple and feasible method for identifying pathogens in complex matrices.
Enhancing Medical Education with Technology: A Comparative Study of Virtual Reality and Traditional 3D-Printed Mannequins in Pericardiocentesis Training
Authors: Rubio-López Alberto , García-Carmona Rodrigo , Zarandieta-Román Laura , Rubio-Navas Alejandro , González-Pinto Ángel , Cardinal-Fernández Pablo
Published: July 2024

Background
With the evolution of medical education, innovative methods such as virtual reality (VR) and 3D-printed mannequins are being explored to enhance learning and accurately simulate high-stress, real-life medical scenarios. This study evaluated the efficacy of these simulation models in training for pericardiocentesis, focusing on their ability to replicate stress levels encountered in actual medical procedures.
Methods
This study involved 108 final-year medical students from the School of Medicine in Madrid who were randomized into two groups to train with both a 3D-printed mannequin and a VR model. Stress responses were assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of biosignal plux system data. A secondary analysis also explored correlations between stress responses and demographics, lifestyle, medication use, and academic perceived stress.
Results
The findings suggest that VR and traditional mannequin-based methods are equally effective in simulating the stress levels of real-life medical procedures. Significant interactions between stress markers and demographic factors underscore the complexity of stress responses in medical training, highlighting the need for personalized educational strategies.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of VR as an alternative to traditional training methods for simulating both the technical and emotional demands of medical procedures such as pericardiocentesis. The integration of VR into medical education can potentially improve learning outcomes and accessibility, especially in resource-constrained settings.
Disturbance and Growth: Deciphering the Impact of Resin Tapping on Biomass Allocation and Allometric Growth Patterns in Pinus massoniana
Authors: Xue Guangyu , Ming Angang , Zhou Guangyi , Lu Lihua , Yu Haolong , Tao Yi , Jia Hongyan , Zeng Ji
Published: July 2024

China has long been the world's largest producer of pine resin. Pinus massoniana Lamb. It is a significant afforestation and timber species in southern China, accounting for more than half of the forest stock in southern China， It proliferates, with high resin yield, making it an essential component of forestry operations south of mountainous areas and a pillar industry in forestry. However, studies on the impact of resin tapping on biomass allocation and height-diameter allometric growth dynamics of Pinus massoniana are unclear. This study focused on Pinus massoniana plantations in the South Subtropical Region of Guangxi to explore the effects of resin tapping on biomass allocation patterns and allometric growth relationships. Whole-tree harvesting was used to collect samples, with diameter at breast height, tree height, and ground diameter as essential variables to construct allometric biomass models suitable for Pinus massoniana forests under resin tapping disturbance. We constructed allometric growth models for aboveground and belowground parts and between organs to reveal the best biomass models and predictive variables. The results showed that resin tapping disturbance significantly reduced the biomass of various organs in Pinus massoniana, with reductions in stem, bark, root, aboveground, and total biomass statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the changes in leaf and branch biomass were insignificant (P>0.05), indicating that the impact of resin tapping is selective among different organs. The goodness-of-fit of allometric growth models showed that models for resin-tapped Pinus massoniana had better fit than those for non-resin-tapped trees. In the developed and tested regression models, except for leaf biomass and root biomass models, the remaining models achieved acceptable performance statistics. Models for stem, bark, and aboveground biomass performed best (models 4, 4, and 7). These models have critical applications in forestry management, providing scientific evidence for biomass estimation and management of Pinus massonianaplantations under resin tapping disturbance.
Rearing environment influences the interaction between fish gut microbiota and behaviour
Authors: Anka Ishrat Z. , Webster Tamsyn M. Uren , McLaughlin Sam , Hitchings Matthew , de Leaniz Carlos Garcia , Consuegra Sofia
Published: July 2024

Background
The gut microbiota influences human and animal cognition and behaviour through its effects on the endocrine and immune systems, but the relationship between host genetics, environmental factors and the microbiota, and their joint effect on the host cognitive behaviour has not been determined. The microbiome-behaviour relationship may be especially relevant for fish, due to their diverse evolutionary history and potential applications for farming and conservation. Yet, there is limited research of the interaction between gut microbiome and behaviour in fish, apart from using zebrafish as a model for human applications. We manipulated the rearing environment and diet of fish from two highly inbred strains of the self-fertilising mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) and assessed their effects on the gut microbiome (based on 16S rRNA sequencing) and the potential interactions with behaviour (based on a novel object test).
Results
We found that the microbiome composition and alpha diversity were significantly influenced by strain, hatching mode and diet, but not by environmental enrichment. We also identified a strong association between fish gut microbiota (community composition and alpha diversity measured as Chao1 and Faith phylogenetic diversity) and behaviour (activity level and inspections of a novel object), but no significant influence of strain, diet, environment or hatching mode on behaviour. The particular taxa influenced by host genetics and environmental factors were not the same as those associated with the behaviour, but in both cases were dominated by Bacteroidales, potentially related to the production of SCFAs and neurodevelopment.
Conclusion
We suggest thatthe observed association between microbiome and fish behaviour could be an indirect effect of the modulation of the ecological conditions of the gut microbiota by the host genetics and rearing conditions (hatching and diet), which could be affecting the production of microbial metabolites that interact with the fish physiology.
Ferroptosis-dependent neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress in iPSC-motor neurons as ALS model
Authors: Kobayashi Hayato , Suzuki-Masuyama Hitoshi , Tanabe Hirokazu , Kato Hiroshi , Endoh-Yamagami Setsu
Published: July 2024

The molecular mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not fully understood, but oxidative stress is known to play a central role in ALS pathogenesis. In this study, we developed a method to induce gradual oxidative stress in iPSC-motor neurons, creating a model for studying neuronal damage in ALS. Neuroprotective effects in this model were observed with ferroptosis inhibitors as well as edaravone, an approved ALS medicine. Furthermore, through a compound screen, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, AY 9944, was identified as being capable of inhibiting neuronal damage in the model. Additionally, neuroprotective activity was observed with 7-dehydrocholesterol, an immediate precursor of cholesterol, while the efficacy of AY-9944 was compromised by knockout of the EBP gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. These findings suggest the involvement of ferroptosis and cholesterol biogenesis in progression of ALS and provide potential insights for drug development.
Elucidation and Active Ingredient Identification of Aqueous Extract of Ficus exasperataVahl Leaf against Bisphenol A-induced Toxicity Through In vivo and In-silico Assessments
Authors: adeyemi olugbenga eyitayo , Jaryum Kiri Hashimu. , Omolara Titilayo
Published: July 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, poses significant health problems due to its induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. Whereas Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf (FEVL) was reported for its ethnopharmacological properties against several ailments owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, etc. Here, we aim to elucidate and identify the bioactive compounds of aqueous extract of FEVL (AEFEVL) against BPA-induced toxicity using in vivo and in-silico assessments. To determine the BPA toxicity mechanism and safe doses of AEFEVL, graded doses of BPA (0-400µM) and AEFEVL (0-2.0mg/10g diets) were separately fed to flies to evaluate survival rates and specific biochemical markers. The mitigating effect of AEFEVL (0.5 and 1.0mg/10g diet) against BPA (100, and 200µM)-induced toxicity in the flies after 7-day exposure was also carried out. Additionally, molecular docking analysis of BPA and BPA-o-quinone (BPAQ) against selected antioxidant targets, and HPLC-MS-revealed AEFEVL compounds against Keap-1 and IKKβ targets, followed by ADMET analysis, was conducted. Emergence rate, climbing ability, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase-B, and glutathione-S-transferase activities, and levels of Total thiols, Non-protein thiols, Nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and cell viability were evaluated. BPA-induced altered biochemical and behavioral parameters were significantly mitigated by AEFEVL in the flies (P < 0.05). BPAQ followed by BPA exhibited higher inhibitory activity, and epigallocatechin (EGC) showed the highest inhibitory activity among the AEFEVL compounds with desirable ADMET properties. Conclusively, our findings revealed that EGC might be responsible for the mitigative effect displayed by AEFEVL in BPA-induced toxicity in D. melanogaster.
FGEFNet: Fine-Grained Extraction and Flow Network for Crowd Counting
Authors: Yue Jianping , Cheng Jintao , Wu Wenli , Tang Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

Crowd counting is an important application of artificial intelligence in computer graphics and one of the most challenging research areas in the field of computer vision. Most existing methods lack consideration for fine-grained information and the role of advanced features, making it challenging to simultaneously focus on fine-grained information while extracting global information In this paper, we propose a fine-grained extraction and flow network (FGEFNet) for crowd counting. Firstly, we propose a Feature Selection Fusion Pyramid structure, which fully exploits important information in high-level feature maps and ensure the flow and fusion of fine-grained features. Secondly, we propose an Adaptive Channel Focus Module (ACFM),whcih can make the model focus on global features while also paying attention to fine-grained features. We innovatively introduce ACFM at the backend of the network in a fine-grained manner, providing fine-grained channel perception capability to detect subtle features in crowd images. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on four widely used datasets, achieving State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) results on the SHHA datasets. It is worth noting that FGEFNet achieves a remarkable improvement by reducing Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 2.56 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 7.4 on the SHHA dataset compared to the existing best model. The code and models are available at https://github.com/lele-progammer/FGEFNet
Secure Data transmission in wireless networking through node deployment and Artificial Bird optimized Deep Learning Network
Authors: Luqman Mohammad , Faridi Arman Rasool
Published: July 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) engage in monitoring, collecting, and communicating sensitive data from the application area to the sink node through the cluster heads (CHs). During the data transmission, there are chances that faulty nodes are available in the network, which increases the chances of communicating the data with the unauthorized nodes in the network. Therefore, in this research, secure data transmission is concentrated for which the messages and monitored WSN data are encrypted using the Hybrid encryption algorithm before the communication, which ensures data access only for the genuine nodes. Accordingly, the node status is assessed to ensure the fault-free nodes through the duty cycle management scheme based on the proposed Artificial Bird Optimized Deep Learning Model (ABO-deep CNN Model). The research aims to develop secure data transmission in WSN by effectively managing the duty cycles of sensor nodes and handling the security issues of the data transmission through the authentication scheme that is based on encryption schemes. Utilizing the Regional K-means approach allows for selecting energy-efficient heads to facilitate data transmission. Following the optimized Deep CNN to determine the state of the nodes, the data transmission takes place through the Hybrid encryption algorithm that allows the transmission with identical data decryption. In addition, the energy-efficient routes are selected using ABO for communicating the data securely in the WSNs. At the round of 1500, the proposed ABO-deep CNN WSN is evaluated with alive nodes, delay, energy, and, throughput of 90, 0.034 ms, 0.38J, and 0.30bps respectively for 200 nodes analysis which outperformed other existing methods and attained high efficiency.
Improvements of Antibacterial and Cell Growth Activities for Hydroxyapatite Rods Modified Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants with Direct Absorption of Antibiotics
Authors: Chen Dave W. , Chou Ming-Kuang , Lau Ngi-Chiong , Cheng Kong-Wei
Published: July 2024

Demands of bone regeneration and fracture repairing technologies have become increasingly important due to aged society and limitation of autologous bone graft. Heterogeneous implants are always employed in clinical treatments but their antibacterial properties, biocompatibilities, and the mismatch elastic moduli with human bones have to be improved. Therefore, polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/ hydroxyapatite (HA) rod-like array samples were manufactured using hydrothermal method and then directly attached various types of Ampicillin, Vancomycin salts and their mixture onto HA arrays in order to improve their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Various ratios of ethylenediaminetetraacetic agent : calcium ions in the solution baths were set in order to obtain high values of specific area of HA rods for the loading of antibiotics. The specific surface area of the sample prepared with ethylenediaminetetraacetic agent : calcium ions ratio of 1:1 in solution bath showed the largest value. Samples through direct absorption of antibiotics can maintain their antibacterial activities up to 10 days. Sample (C) (direct absorption of Ampicillin + Vancomycin salt solution (w/w = 50/50)) showed good inhibition activities on E. coli and S. aureus. Cell growth activity of MC3T3-E1 onto the PEEK/HA/antibiotic samples also showed better performance than that of HA/PEEK sample, suggesting potential good application in polymer-made implants.
Road Terrain Recognition Based on Tire Noise for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Zhang Dongmin , Yuan Yi , He Lizhi , Lei Zhaoyu , Ding Binlei
Published: July 2024

Choosing different driving modes according to different road terrains can effectively improve the driving safety, pass-ability and comfort. However, there still remains some challenge on accurate and robust road terrain recognition using deep learning in complex environment. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end tire noise recognition residual network (TNResNet) together with a time-frequency attention module, which can be used to capture time-frequency information of tire noise signal for road terrains recognition. Five different roads including asphalt road, cement road, grass road, mud road and sand road were tested by our method, whose performance was compared with other machine learning and deep learning methods such as Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network, and Artificial Intelligence Model. Experimental results show that our proposed TNResNet has the best performance among the mentioned methods, and its validation classification accuracy reaches 99.48%. This method shows remarkable application value in automatic road terrain identification of autonomous vehicles.
Gate structuring on bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides enables ultrahigh current density
Authors: Kim Jeehwan , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Kyoung Yeon , Jang Dongwon , Yoo Min Seok , Jung Alum , Choi Woon Ih , Cho Yeonchoo , Kim Changhyun , Ryu Huije , Yang Eunji , Lee Eun-Kyu , Lee Chang-Seok , Kim Sangwon , Kwon Uihui , Lim Sung Kyu , Byun Kyungeun , Seol Minsu
Published: July 2024

The foundry industry and academia dedicated to advancing logic transistors are encountering significant challenges in extending Moore's Law. In the industry, silicon (Si)-based transistors are currently adopting gate-all-around (GAA) structures and reducing channel thickness, even at the cost of decreased mobility, for maximizing gate controllability. To compensate for the reduced mobility, multi-channel structures are essential, making the fabrication process extremely challenging. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are emerging as strong alternatives for the channel material in logic transistors, thanks to their ability to maintain crystallinity even when extremely thin. In the case of 2D semiconductors, introducing a dual gate structure, which has a much lower fabrication complexity, can achieve effects similar to GAA. Through this research, we have identified the fringing field originating from the common structure of elevated top contact in 2D FETs results in a high charge injection barrier. Through simulation and statistical analysis with large-area FET arrays, we confirmed that introducing a dual-gate structure in bilayer MoS2 FETs effectively compensates for the fringing field. We have confirmed that this leads to a significant boost in on-current. Remarkably, even with conventional contacts and polycrystalline materials, we observed a record-high on-current of 1.55 mA/µm. Additional circuit simulations have confirmed the potential for dual gate bilayer FETs to surpass the performance of Si GAAFETs when possessing a gate length of 5 nm, achievable only with 2D materials. Therefore, here we propose that by using 2D materials, we can focus on extreme gate length scaling and monolithic 3D integration rather than the challenging GAA process for extending Moore’s Law.
Neutral 4π-electron tetrasilacyclobutadiene contains unusual features of a Möbius-type aromatic ring
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Nazish Mohd , Roesky Herbert W. , Krawczuk Anna , Patten Tim , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Lili
Published: July 2024

We report the isolation and characterization of the novel 4π-electron tetrasilacyclobutadiene, an analogue of a 4π neutral cyclobutadiene that exhibits surprising features of a Möbius-type aromatic ring. Reduction of RSiCl3 (R = (iPr)2PC6H4) with KC8 in the presence of cycloalkyl amino-carbene (cAAC) led to the formation of corresponding silylene 1. Compound 1 shows further reactivity when treated with RSiCl3 under reducing conditions resulting in the formation of unsymmetrical bis-silylene 2, which was isolated as a dark red crystalline solid. Compound 3 was obtained when chlorosilylene was reduced with potassium graphite in the presence of 2. Although 3 is, according to Hückel’s rule an antiaromatic system it possesses significant aromatic character due to the unusual delocalization of the HOMO-1 and the loss of degeneracy of the higher-lying π MOs. The aromatic character of 3 is indicated by the structural stability of the compound by the very similar Si-Si bond lengths and by the NICS values. There is an unusual π conjugation between the 4 π electrons in the nearly square-planar Si4 ring where the delocalization of the HOMO-1 occurs at two opposite sides of the ring. The reversal of the π conjugation resembles the twisting of the π conjugation in Möbius aromatic systems and it contributes to the stability of the compound.
Exploring the Fascinating World of Spiders: A Survey on Spider Diversity and Distribution at CUTM, Gajapati Odisha
Authors: Yadav Manish K
Published: July 2024

The present investigation aimed to record the diversity and distribution patterns of spiders within and around the MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India. Most of the spiders are not so highly mobile and an ecologically important group of arthropods, playing crucial roles in various ecosystems as both predators and prey. Most of the spiders, residing inside the agro-ecosystem, have very crucial role in the management of agricultural insect-pests. The survey employed a comprehensive sampling strategy that encompassed various habitats, including forests, agricultural farms, hostels, wetlands, and urban areas. A wide range of data have been collected during the survey, including species richness, abundance, and composition. The collected specimens were carefully identified to the species level, employing the morphological characteristics while the actual photographs with their habitats have been taken for their proper presentation in the article. Preliminary results indicate a remarkable diversity of spider species within the study area. A total number of 24 genera have been identified, residing to 8 families highlighting the importance of various ecological niches and microhabitats. The data suggest that habitat type and structural complexity play significant roles in determining spider diversity and community composition. The findings from this survey provide valuable insights into the spider fauna of the study area and concluded that family Araneidae having maximum population of individuals which is 472 followed by Oxyopidae with 277 and Salticidae with 199 number of encountered individuals. The maximum species richness was surveyed and Araneidae was recorded to be having maximum number of species (7) followed by Sparassidae (5) and Salticidae (5) at CUTM, Gajapati Odisha.
Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Optical Data Storage: Harnessing 1O2-Self-sensitization and Photoperoxidation for Information Encoding
Authors: Bonifazi Davide , Ferreira Ruben , Wirtitsch Daniel , Fletcher-Charles Jack , Lopez Sofia , Hoppe Cristina , Trupke Michael , Maggini Laura
Published: July 2024

The increasing demand for data storage solutions presents a significant technological challenge, driven by the exponential growth of digital information and the need for more efficient, high-capacity, and durable storage mediums. Herein, dynamic covalent chemistry is exploited to develop a photowritable fluorescent system that enables information encoding by harnessing the reversible stimuli-induced covalent bond formation and breaking of an endoperoxide (EPO) species. Specifically, an O-doped anthracenyl derivative capable of efficient 1O2-self-sensitization and reversible EPO formation via [4 + 2] cycloaddition is investigated. The system exhibits rapid EPO generation in solution and solid-state configurations, associated with a stark colorimetric change from pink to colorless, accompanied by a quenching of the compound’s orange fluorescence. The system displays good reversibility upon thermal treatment, recovering its initial features. Integration into polymeric matrices allows the production of photowritable films without affecting the molecule’s capability to generate 1O2 and form EPO. A binary data storage system with 20.2 MB in–2 capacity is engineered, where the encoding of bits is linked to the material's UV–vis emission properties. Precise information encoding and retrieval with micrometer precision on film surfaces is demonstrated, including flexible materials.
Biological Atrazine Removal from Low-Strength Wastewater by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor and Upflow Fixed Bed Bioreactor: Performance and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Kamanmalek Sara , Rahmatabad Ali Dabestani , Borghei Seyed Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Atrazine (ATZ) is a commonly used herbicide that can pose risks to the environment and human health. Despite the effectiveness of bioreactors in treating organic compounds, their performance in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and upflow fixed bed bioreactor (FBBR) in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater. To evaluate the impacts of environmental conditions on atrazine biodegradability, experiments were conducted at different atrazine concentrations, hydraulic retention times, and nutrient ratios. All experiments were conducted at COD of 200 mg/L to evaluate bioreactor effectiveness in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater. The results suggest that both FBBR and MBBR are effective in removing atrazine and COD, with FBBR showing higher removal efficiency. The average and maximum atrazine removal efficiency was 41.8% and 75.2% in MBBR, and 48.3% and 81.6% in FBBR, respectively. Higher nitrogen levels decreased atrazine removal, while higher HRTs and initial atrazine concentrations improved removal efficiency in both bioreactors. The constant values of modified Stover-Kincannon model for KB and Umax were calculated as 4.15 and 1.49 𝑔𝐴TZ . 𝐿-1.𝑑-1 in MBBR, and 5.73 and 2.30 𝑔𝐴TZ . 𝐿-1.𝑑-1 in FBBR. This study contributes to the development of efficient and cost-effective strategies for wastewater treatment.
Seasonal birch: results of infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Обухова И. А. , Пименов С. Д. , Лобок И. Д.
Published: July 2024

В работе рассматривается применение современного физического метода исследования Фурье ИК- (инфракрасной) спектроскопии с целью установления зависимости параметров путем деконволюции поглощательной способности природной древесины лиственных пород: плотности водородных связей, энергии Н-связей, длины водородных связей при трёх типах Н-связей, характерных для целлюлозосодержащего растительного древесного сырья. Особенности межмолекулярного взаимодействия в древесине различных пород и сезонов года в сравнении с технической целлюлозой имеют дополнительную характеристику метода Фурье ИК-спектроскопии для эффективного механизма предсказания физико-механических свойств древесных целлюлозосодержащих материалов, для оценки природы химических связей в структуре древесных материалов, механической прочности. Целью целлюлозно-бумажного комбината является производство высококачественной технической целлюлозы. Для достижения этой задачи было выполнено сравнение показателей деконволюции современного метода исследования ИК-спектроскопии водородных связей гидроксильных групп ОН, включая влияние метил-метилен СН валентных колебаний. Одним из показателей, используемых в сравнении методов, является коэффициент регрессии, который является мерой точности полученных результатов. В данном исследовании, значение коэффициента регрессии R^ составляет у образцов 0,999, что указывает на очень высокую степень достоверности полученных данных.

The paper considers the application of a modern physical method for studying Fourier IR (infrared) spectroscopy in order to establish the dependence of parameters by deconvolution of the absorptive capacity of natural hardwood: hydrogen bond density, H-bond energy, hydrogen bond length for three types of H-bonds characteristic of cellulose-containing vegetable wood raw material. Features of intermolecular interaction in wood of various species and seasons of the year in comparison with technical cellulose have an additional characteristic of the Fourier IR spectroscopy method for an effective mechanism for predicting the physical and mechanical properties of wood pulp-containing materials, for assessing the nature of chemical bonds in the structure of wood materials, mechanical strength. The purpose of the pulp and paper mill is to produce high-quality industrial pulp. To achieve this goal, a comparison was made of the deconvolution performance of a modern method for studying FTIR-spectroscopy of hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl groups OH, including the influence of methyl-methylene CH stretching vibrations. One of the indicators used in comparing methods is the regression coefficient R^, which is a measure of the accuracy of the results obtained. In this study, the regression coefficient value for the samples is 0.999, which indicates a very high degree of reliability of the data obtained.
Study of bird migrations under changing weather conditions to preserve arctic ecosystems. Part 1: Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea)
Authors: Khokhlova L. P. , Mandryka O. N.
Published: July 2024

Climate-driven changes in weather conditions have a widespread impact on bird migration timing and routes. The present study examines the annual cycle and migrations of the Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea), one 

of the dominant Arctic species. The long-term data on the population dynamics of the Arctic Tern are summarized. Temperature and relative air humidity are shown to be the decisive factors in the migration of this species under changing weather conditions. The obtained results can provide a basis for biological monitoring.
Wind Speed Prediction Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and Farm Platform Features for One-Hour-Ahead Forecast
Authors: Özbilge Emre , Kırsal Yonal
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) approach to model the one-hour-ahead wind speed forecasting by using various meteorological sensory data from the North Wyke farm platform (NWFP). To refine model input, mutual information analysis is applied to eliminate irrelevant sensory data. The DRNN architecture employs three recurrent layers Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to capture temporal relationships. The proposed networks are tested using real-life, one-year data from the NWFP. The results showed a strong correlation between the actual and predicted wind speed for LSTM, GRU, and RNN layers-based DRNN, however, simple RNN slightly outperformed the other two recurrent layers. The distribution of the network errors over the year is also analyzed. Although the observed meteorological data between the years was from different distributions, the proposed network generalized well even though these data were altered due to global warming.
A pragmatic approach of hydrochemical and irrigation indices of groundwater quality of district Ballia, U.P. India
Authors: Verma Sumant Kumar , ShriRam
Published: July 2024

In the groundwater aquifer media, enormous amounts of ions can be found naturally in rocks from the Pleistocene and Holocene ages. There are several reports of metals and ionic contamination in the different blocks of the Ballia district. This article focuses on a thorough investigation of the hydrogeochemical properties and the cause of ionic contamination in the Ballia district's groundwater system. This article discusses the interactions between the numerous cations and anions that are hydro-geologically present as well as several physico-chemical factors. The relationship analysis was conducted utilizing irrigation indices and a Stufzand classification, which was further supported by a Durov and Stiff plot. The Durov shows the mineralization of the aquifer by sand and evaporates of geological formation. The Gibbs plot shows that the rock–water interaction, weathering of silicates, evaporates dissolution, carbonate dissolution, and anthropogenic activities. The Stiff shows the highest concentration of Mg-rich minerals and Cl due to the weathering of calcite, amphiboles, and anthropogenic activities also proven by the Irrigation indices and Stufzand classification. The high water quality index (WQI) value was discovered to be mostly due to greater EC, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and magnesium levels in groundwater.
Argyria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: When not only the Matter is
Gray. A Literature Review and a Case Report
Authors: Bonura Adriano , Siniscalchi Antonio , Crupi Domenica , Magliozzi Alessandro , Bravi Maria Cristina , Internullo Mattia , Mangiardi Marilena , Pezzella Francesca Romano , Schito Barbara , Anticoli Sabrina
Published: July 2024

Argyria is the chronic accumulation of silver in biological tissues such as
skin, liver, kidneys, lungs, peripheral nerves, and brain. The presence of an actual pathophysiological and clinical correlate related to silver encephalic and peripheral nerve deposition is still much debated. In this paper, we reviewed and described case reports regarding argyria associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in order to explain the underlying mechanism of the disease. We conducted a narrative review by searching for case
reports that described subjects with chronic silver accumulation and who had associated
neurological or psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, we report a case of a 50-year-old man
admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of major depression who presented with worsening psychiatric symptoms after abuse of silver-containing nasal spray. We found 15
cases of patients with argyria and neuropsychiatric manifestations such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative syndromes, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, and psychiatric disorders. The knowledge of possible pathogenetic mechanisms and recognition of clinical
features of argyria can help clinicians prevent brain deposition and its complications.
An Insight into Biodegradable Polymers and their Biomedical Applications for Wound Healing
Authors: Halder Tripti , Barot Harshit , Kumar Bhavna , Kaushik Vishakha , Patel Hiren , Bhut Hastik , Saha Bijit , Poddar Sibani , Acharya Niyati
Published: July 2024

:

Biodegradable polymers, encompassing both natural and synthetic polymers, have demonstrated efficacy
as carriers for synthetic drugs, natural bioactive molecules, and inorganic metals. This is due to their
ability to control the release of these substances. As a result, various advanced materials, such as nanoparticle-
loaded hydrogels, nanofibrous scaffolds, and nanocomposites, have been developed. These materials have
shown promise in enhancing processes, such as cell proliferation, vascular angiogenesis, hair growth, and
wound healing management. Natural polymers, including hyaluronic acid, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate,
as well as synthetic polymers like polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polylactic co-glycolic acid, and
PCA, have significant potential for promoting wound healing. This study examines the advancements in
biodegradable polymers for wound healing, specifically focusing on each polymer and its distinctive formulations.
It also discusses the in-vitro experiments conducted using different cell lines, as well as the in-vivo
studies that explore the numerous uses of these polymers in wound healing. The discussion also included the
exploration of modifications or combinations of several polymers, as well as surface changes, in order to produce
synergistic effects and address the limitations of individual polymers. The goal was to expedite the healing
process of different chronic wounds. Due to this, there have been notable advancements in the technological
use of polymeric mixes, including biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds, which have accelerated the process
of wound healing.
Lingguizhugan Decoction Improved Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites in Mice
Authors: Wang Meiling , Li Hairong , Liu Chunmei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Qian , Yang Yubin
Published: July 2024

Background:

The global obese population is rapidly increasing, urgently requiring the development of effective and safe weight-loss medications. The classic Chinese medicine formulation Lingguizhugan Decoction has exerted a significant anti-obesity effect. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of LGZGD in the treatment of obesity based on the gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Methods:

Three different dosages of LGZGD were gavaged to ob/ob mice for 8 weeks. Body mass and visceral fat mass were evaluated. Additionally, the changes in gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites in mice after LGZGD treatment were analyzed by metagenomics and non-targeted metabolomics.

Results:

The results demonstrated a significant anti-obesity effect of LGZGD treatment in ob/ob mice. Fur-thermore, the metagenomic analysis revealed that LGZGD reduced the ratio of Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes (F to B) in the gut, restored gut microbiota diversity, and identified 3 enriched KEGG pathways, including energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production and conversion pathways. Based on non-targeted metab-olomics analysis, 20 key metabolites in the feces and 30 key metabolites in the plasma responding to LGZGD treatment were identified, and the levels of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Myristoleic acid (MA) might be the metabolites related to gut microbiota after LGZGD treatment. Their biological functions were mainly re-lated to the metabolism pathway.

Conclusions:

These findings suggested that LGZGD had therapeutic potential for obesity. The mechanism of LGZGD alleviating obesity was associated with improving dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. LDZGD affected gut microbiota-derived metabolites of EPA and MA and may act on energy metabolism pathways.
Role of Cytochrome P450 3A4 in Cancer Drug Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Pandey Swaroop Kumar , Verma Sona , Upreti Shobha , Mishra Anuja , Yadav Neha , Dwivedi-Agnihotri Hemlata
Published: July 2024

:

One of the biggest obstacles to the treatment of diseases, particularly serious conditions like cancer,
is therapeutic resistance. The process of drug resistance is influenced by a number of important variables, including
MDR genes, drug efflux, low-quality medications, inadequate dosage, etc. Drug resistance must be addressed,
and new combinations based on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) characteristics of
the partner pharmaceuticals must be developed in order to extend the half-lives of already available medications.
The primary mechanism of drug elimination is hepatic biotransformation of medicines by cytochrome
P450 (CYP) enzymes; of these CYPs, CYP3A4 makes up 30–40% of all known cytochromes that metabolize
medications. Induction or inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism affects the pharmacokinetics of most
anticancer drugs, but these details are not fully understood and highlighted because of the complexity of tumor
microenvironments and various influencing patient related factors. The involvement of CYPs, particularly
CYP3A4 and other drug-metabolizing enzymes, in cancer medication resistance will be covered in the current
review.
GC-MS/MS Analysis and Wound Repair Potential of Urtica dioica Essential Oil: In silico Modeling and In vivo Study in Rats
Authors: Chira Ahlem Ben , Kadmi Yassine , Badraoui Riadh , Aouadi Kaïss , Alhawday Fahad , Boudaya Mariem , Jamoussi Kamel , Kallel Choumous , El Feki Abdelfattah , Kadri Adel , Saoudi Mongi
Published: July 2024

Background:

The study aimed to assess the antioxidant and wound healing properties
of Urtica dioica essential oil (UDEO) through a comprehensive evaluation involving in silico, in
vitro, and in vivo analyses. The phytochemistry of UDEO was also investigated to identify trace
compounds crucial.

Methods:

Various injection methods of the multimode inlet (MMI) in chromatography were
investigated to attain lower instrumental detection limits. Subsequently, in silico studies were
employed to delve deeper into the potential biological activities of the identified compounds.
Standard antioxidative tests, encompassing ABTS•+ and TAC, were performed. In vivo tests centered
on wound healing were implemented using rat models. The rats were randomly allocated to
four groups: saline solution, vaseline vehicle, cytol centella, and 5% UDEO ointment. Wound
healing progress was evaluated through a chromatic study.

Results:

Gas chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
analysis revealed the presence of 97 thermolabile compounds in UDEO. Subsequent in silico
studies unveiled the potential of identified compounds to inhibit COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, suggesting
a possible enhancement of anti-inflammatory responses and healing processes. In vitro
tests elucidated the notable antioxidant capacity of UDEO, a finding reinforced by wound healing
data, revealing a substantial closure rate of 89% following the topical application of UDEO.
Notably, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly reduced, indicating
minimized oxidative stress damage compared to control. Additionally, UDEO exhibited an increase
in antioxidant enzyme activities compared to control.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that UDEO possesses significant antioxidant and wound-healing
properties, supported by its rich phytochemical composition. The findings suggest its potential
application in therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions.
Herbal and Dietary Supplements for Hypertension Management
Authors: Driouech Mounia , Kadi Mounime , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Mekhfi Hassane , Bnouham Mohamed , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq
Published: July 2024

Herbal and dietary supplements are products that add more nutritional value to the diet.
The use of these products has increased worldwide and has become widespread. Recently, the food
products market has witnessed significant advancements in improving the health and well-being of
individuals with increased nutritional requirements or in preventing related diseases and conditions.
Overall, dietary supplements possess pharmacological properties that are not crucial for disease control,
such as high blood pressure but are essential for various physiological processes. To report the
recent pre-clinically and clinically proven benefits of different hypertension treatments, an extensive
literature search was conducted using widely available scientific databases of oral supplements. This
review aims to raise awareness about commonly used dietary and herbal products, particularly
among individuals with high blood pressure. Additionally, this paper highlights several nutritional
supplements that hold promise for future research.