bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative learning strategies for enhancing English speaking skills among basic education students at a public institution in Loja city
Authors: Sánchez Montaño Verónica Gabriela , Cango Patiño Adriana Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategies for enhancing English speaking skills among basic education students at a public institution in Loja city during the 2024–2025 academic year. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study employed pre-and post-tests to measure improvements in English speaking skills and a questionnaire to gather students’ perceptions about the strategies applied. The intervention focused on applying cooperative learning strategies such as Think-Pair-Share, Roleplay, and Jigsaw over eight weeks. Results showed significant improvements in vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and interactive communication, with the mean total score increasing from 6.47 to 8.87. Statistical analysis using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests confirmed the significance of these results (p< 0.001). Pronunciation displayed the greatest improvement, indicating the benefits of peer modeling and interaction. Questionnaire data revealed that students perceived cooperative learning strategies positively, particularly in positive interdependence, communication skills, and critical thinking. However, some challenges were noted, such as in individual accountability. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the strategies while expanding the evidence base to younger learners in resource-limited contexts. The study concludes that cooperative learning strategies are effective for enhancing English speaking skills and promoting a collaborative classroom environment. Recommendations include refining role assignments and exploring the integration of technology to enhance critical thinking and equal participation. These insights provide valuable contributions to the field of language education, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Operational Risk Management in Banks Analysis of the impact of various banking factors on operational risk
Authors:   Lebanese University, Elhajj Tahani Hallal , Tannous Antoine ,   Lebanese University, Hallal Hussein Aziz ,   Lebanese University
Published: January 2025

The article examines operational risk in banking, emphasizing its significance due to potential severe losses, particularly amidst technological advancements and competitive pressures. The purpose of the study is to identify banking factors influencing operational risk and analyze their relationships, thereby enhancing risk management practices.
The problem addressed is the impact of various factors on operational risk, seeking to determine which have the most significant effects and the best management strategies. The research focuses on 24 banking factors across 13 European banks from 2014 to 2016, employing regression analysis to evaluate their effects within different macroeconomic and microeconomic environments.
The methodology combines deductive and inductive reasoning, using both Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) and Standardized Approach (SA) for analysis. It draws on case studies and secondary data from banks to maintain ethical standards and enhance validity.
Key conclusions indicate a significant relationship between operational risk and various banking factors, with the AMA approach capturing all potential losses and demonstrating significant correlations across all variables studied. In contrast, the Standard approach only highlights a few factors, suggesting it inadequately addresses operational risk. The findings advocate for improved resource allocation in operational risk management, emphasizing the need for banks to adopt comprehensive strategies to mitigate risks effectively.
Evaluation de connaissance des adolescentes sur les complications des avortements provoqués (Étude menée dans l’Aire de santé AKETI dans la Zone de santé de Kinshasa)
Authors: KWETE KWETE Sylvain
Published: January 2025

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la connaissance des adolescentes sur les complications de l’avortement provoqué dans l’Aire de santé AKETI dans la Zone de santé de Kinshasa. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons fait recours à la méthode d’enquête descriptive transversale non probabiliste à visée analytique, en recourant à un échantillonnage de type occasionnel des unités statistiques. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la pratique de l’avortement provoqué ne diffère pas statistiquement (P˃0,05) selon le niveau d’étude et l’âge des enquêtés.
Vécu quotidien des travailleuses de sexe sur le comportement sexuel de leurs clients
Authors: KUEDI MUTSHIMA Elysée , NGALULA NKITABUNGI Aimé , KADIATA BUKASA Augustin , NTAMBUE MULAMBA Peter , NGOY MPOYO Jolie , KOKO KASAGO Lydie , TSHITADI MAKANGU Augustin , OMANYONDO OHAMBE Marie-Claire
Published: January 2025

Cette présente étude vise à comprendre le vécu quotidien des travailleuses de sexe sur le comportement sexuel de leurs clients. Nous avons menée étude qualitative descriptive du type phénoménologique pour afin d’explorer le vécu quotidien des travailleuses de sexe sur le comportement sexuel de leurs clients. Il s’agit d’une exploration d’un phénomène à travers les individus membres du groupe. Les résultats trouvés montrent que les travailleuses de sexe perçoivent leur travail comme un Travail ne comblant pas la joie du coeur, exercé avec mécontentement et chagrin. Les travailleuses de sexe se représentent leur travail comme un métier de survivance et un travail de risque exposant aux infections multiples sexuellement transmissibles. Le vécu quotidien de ces travailleuses sur le comportement sexuel de leurs clients, elles vivent d’une part de l’exploitation du corps, mépris du sacrifice et déconsidération et d’autres déviations sexuelles.
Expérience des femmes en détention sur la prise en charge des problèmes de sante maternelle et infantile en milieu carcéral à Kinshasa
Authors: OMANYONDO OHAMBE Marie-Claire , MILOLO KWINJIDI Agnes , KUEDIMUTSHIMA ELAMENJI Elysee , NGOMBA MUSONGELA PAMELA , NYONGOMOZELA DAKO Beatrice , TSHITADI MAKANGU Augustin
Published: January 2025

L’objectif général poursuivi dans cette étude, est de comprendre l’expérience des femmes en détention sur la prise en charge de problèmes de santé maternelle et infantile à la Prison Centrale de Makala de Kinshasa. Nous avons mené une étude qualitative, transversale, descriptive et phénoménologique. Au terme cette étude qualitative phénoménologique, les analyses faites ont montré que les femmes interrogées étaient au nombre de quatorze (14) toutes mères dont le nombre d’enfants variait entre 1 et 11 enfants ; occupant différentes fonctions, 7 femmes sur 14 étaient célibataires, 4 veuves, une orpheline, une sans niveau d’études. Leur prise en charge sanitaire, a fait ressortir deux sous-thèmes et plusieurs catégories. Le premier sous-thème concerne la perception sur la prise en charge sanitaire en milieu carcéral avec cinq catégories. Il s’agit : de la perception sur le traitement, perception sur l’alimentation, sur les conditions de vie en milieu carcéral, sur l’hygiène corporelle et sur la vie en prison. Le deuxième sous-thème a révélé quatre catégories à savoir : représentation de la prison, de la cause de l’incarcération, la signification de la détention et les problèmes de santé maternelle et infantile rencontrés en prison.
Comparison of Mirabegron and Solifenacin for the Management of Urge Incontinence in Menopausal Age Group
Authors: Ishil Bangash  , Saera Afghan  , Nasira Tasneem  , Kausar Bangash  , Sobia Luqman  , Yasmeen Ara
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare efficacy and tolerability of Mirabegron and Solifinacin in urge incontinence in menopausal women.
Methodology: This RCT was conducted in the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Unit II, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), SZABMU (Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University), Islamabad in two years from December 2020 to January 2022. A total of 63 patients each were randomized to receive Mirabegron (Group-A) or Solifinacin (Group B). Primary outcome was efficacy which was assessed by micturations per 24 hours, urge episodes, urges in incontinence and nocturia. The final outcome was measured on 3-month-follow-up.
Results: The mean age was 48.0 ± 5.2 years in Mirabegron and 50.7 ± 6.1 years in Solifinacin group. In Solifinacin group 4 (6.3%) patients still experienced urine leak compared to none (0.0%) in Mirabegron group (p-value, 0.04). The rate of night urination and micturition also found greater in the Solifinacin group. The number of protective garments used per day was significantly greater in the Solifinacin group (p-value, 0.001). After 3 months of therapy, more patients from Solifinacin group experienced drowsiness as sedation, and constipation than those in Mirabegron group (p- value, <0.001). Few cases were experiencing confusion/delirium, palpitations in Solifinacin group (p-value, 0.04) as noted on 3 month follow-up.
Conclusion: Mirabegron is better than Solifinacin in the management of urge incontinence in older women. Mirabegron was also found more tolerable.
Validation of quantitative hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B e antigen titers in patients of chronic hepatitis B virus infection on entecavir therapy at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Diksha Budhani  , Varsha A Singh  , Madhurendra Singh Rajput  , Varsha Saxena  , Pooja Sindwani
Published: January 2025

Background: The management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is complex due to its natural history, which includes fluctuating viral replication and associated hepatic dysfunction.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate quantitative hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) titers in patients of chronic HBV infection on entecavir and to find the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients among clinically suspected cases of hepatitis. The objective of the study was to find the rate of HBeAg-positive patients in HBsAg-positive cases on entecavir and to correlate the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with status of HBeAg and HBV DNA level in HBsAg-positive cases on entecavir.
Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 87,600 patients from MG hospital, affiliated with RVRS Medical college in Bhilwara, Rajasthan. Screening of HBsAg was performed using rapid card test method, HBeAg was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Aspartate aminotransferase and ALT were also measured.
Results: Blood samples from 87,600 individuals who had a clinical suspicion of having hepatitis B were used in the study. A total of 3650 people (4.1%) had positive HBsAg tests. Of the 3650 (4.1%), 312 (8.54%) experienced a chronic illness. 109 (312) showed positive HBeAg, 102 (312) had elevated ALT enzyme levels, and 117 (312) had positive HBV DNA among the 312 people with CHB.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate a low prevalence of CHB virus infection.
Perioperative anesthetic challenges in pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A case series
Authors: Khushboo Mehta  , Ira Balakrishnan M  , Richa Chauhan  , Virendra Kumar
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary arterial hypertension as a result of the occlusion of the branches of the pulmonary vasculature is characterized by a rise in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure above 20 mmHg. Pulmonary endarterectomy is the preferred treatment modality for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Anesthetic challenges include management of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, low baseline oxygen saturation, pre-operative deranged coagulation profile due to anticoagulant use, specific requirements for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and need for cerebral protection. Postoperatively, massive pulmonary hemorrhage, reperfusion pulmonary edema, residual pulmonary hypertension, and RV dysfunction may lead to prolonged intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation. We present a case series of the first seven endarterectomies in our institution, intending to highlight the perioperative anesthetic management of such patients.
Determinants of contraceptive method preferences and satisfaction among patients visiting to a post-partum center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Latika  , Himanshi Sidana  , Pushpa Dahiya
Published: January 2025

Background: Women’s health and well-being are intricately linked to family planning services, yet obstacles remain in the effective use of contraceptives despite widespread awareness.
Aims and Objectives: The primary goals are to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding contraceptive methods, identify factors influencing both preferences and non-use, and assess user satisfaction with these methods.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 2018 to 2019 at the Post-partum Center of a tertiary care institute, involving 238 literate women aged 18–45 years. Data were gathered through a pre-tested questionnaire that focused on sociodemographic characteristics, contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and satisfaction levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.
Results: Most participants (74%) were aged between 21 and 30, and 55% came from rural areas. Awareness of contraceptive methods was high (92%), with condoms, pills, and intrauterine contraceptive devices being the most commonly known and used methods. Television (21.8%) and healthcare professionals (20.2%) served as major sources of information. While 33% of participants reported high satisfaction with their contraceptive methods, dissatisfaction was common, particularly due to side effects, such as excessive bleeding (34%) and irregular menstruation (30%). Significant relationships were found between education, occupation, family size, and contraceptive knowledge and attitudes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although awareness of contraceptive methods is high, barriers to effective access and use remain. Enhancing education, accessibility, and counseling services is essential to improving contraceptive use and satisfaction among patients visiting post-partum centers.
Study of cutaneous malignancy and various reconstructive techniques in a tertiary care center of West Bengal, India
Authors: Dibyendu Das  , Alladi SJ Swaroop  , Passang Rai
Published: January 2025

Background: Skin cancer can be categorized into cutaneous melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Common NMSC is basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Surgical reconstruction following excision of skin cancer is an essential part of treatment plan.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present work is to study the clinical spectrum with age and sex distribution, sites of involvement of cutaneous malignancies and to study the various reconstructive procedures that can be done.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, among patients who presented between January 2021 and June 2024.
Results: Of the 63 patients, BCC was the most common malignancy (55.6%), followed by SCC (38.1%) and melanoma (6.3%). There was female preponderance. The most common age group was 61–70 years. Head-and-neck areas are most commonly involved. Various local and loco-regional flaps are the primary methods of reconstruction followed by split-thickness skin graft in large defects.
Conclusion: There is increasing incidence of NMSC with female preponderance. The head-and-neck areas are the most common site of involvement. Skilled plastic surgical reconstruction is an essential part of management.
Interobserver variability in diagnosing thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology using the 2023 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Pratima Manohar Pattar  , Sameera N Patel  , Girija
Published: January 2025

Background: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) surfaced as a vital first-line diagnostic tool to categorize them into benign or malignant, thereby reducing unnecessary surgeries in benign nodules. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) has established a standardized, category-based reporting system and since then it has been widely adopted by cytopathologists in worldwide. It has been shown that thyroid pathology contributes significantly to second-opinion discrepancies for cytopathology specimens.
Aims and Objectives: To establish the reproducibility of TBSRTC in diagnosing thyroid lesions. To determine the interobserver variation in thyroid cytopathology using the 2023 TBSRTC.
Materials and Methods: This was a 2-year retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, from January 2018 to December 2019. Previous archived slides of thyroid FNA cytology were examined by three trained pathologists in a double-blinded fashion and were reclassified according to the 2023 TBSRTC. The results were evaluated for interobserver variability using Cohen’s kappa statistics and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 24.0.
Results: The present study included a total of 156 patients with a female: male ratio of 3: 0.1 and the mean age of 37.8±2.4 years. The interobserver agreement, calculated using Kappa statistics, for observer 1 and observer 2 was 0.735; for observer 1 and 3 was 0.841; and for observer 2 and 3 was 0.838. These values together showed substantial interobserver agreement.
Conclusion: The 2023 TBSRTC gives a distinctive, universal, and homogeneous terminology for reporting the thyroid cytology and its execution should be promoted due to its virtual ease of reproducibility.
Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine, tramadol, and dexamethasone in prevention of post-spinal shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Loveleen Kour  , Disha Dogra  , Santosh Gupta  , Tanvi Gupta
Published: January 2025

Background: Shivering is a commonly encountered post-anesthesia event. Tramadol is an easily available drug that is often used to prevent shivering. However, its side effects like nausea have prompted the search for better dugs that could prevent shivering with minimal side effects.
Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed at comparing the efficacy of tramadol, dexmedetomidine, and dexamethasone in preventing post-spinal shivering in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients were enrolled for this study and divided into three groups – group Dx-received 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, group De-received 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone, and group T-received 0.5 mg/kg of tramadol. Incidence of shivering was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were-shivering score, sedation score, hemodynamic parameters, and adverse effects, if any. One-way analysis of variance was employed for comparing continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables.
Results: Incidence of shivering and shivering score was the least in dexmedetomidine group, followed by tramadol and dexamethasone. Sedation score was higher with dexmedetomidine than tramadol and dexamethasone.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is most effective in preventing post-spinal shivering in patients. The sedation it caused added comfort to the patients for the duration of surgery and did not cause any significant adverse effect in post-operative period.
Optical Genome Mapping ( OGM) : Looking beyond karyotyping
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: January 2025

Optical genome mapping (OGM) is an advanced technology that delivers a distinct view of genome structure. It presents numerous benefits compared to conventional sequencing techniques, as well as karyotyping in identifying large-scale structural variations (SVs). SVs refer to significant alterations in the structure of a genome that go beyond the changes of individual nucleotides. These variations can have substantial effects on gene function and are linked to various genetic diseases and disorders.
There are several types of SVs, including copy number variations, such as duplications or deletions, translocations, inversions, fusions, and complex rearrangements.
OGM has evolved as an innovative technology that offers high-resolution insights into genomic structures. Unlike conventional sequencing techniques such as next-generation sequencing, which concentrate on decoding short DNA segments, OGM allows for the direct visualization of long DNA strands, delivering a comprehensive, large-scale perspective of the genome’s organization. This capability makes it an effective tool for detecting SVs, which may be overlooked by other techniques. Applications of OGM are mostly in cancer genomics to detect chromosomal rearrangements and decode rare genetic disorders. OGM can also be applied in plant science, where large-scale SVs may contribute to traits such as disease. In recent years, a surge in OGM analysis has been witnessed, primarily due to the higher resolution in detecting SVs. Further, with longer reads, OGM helps in the discovery of complex and rare genomic variations.8 OGM protocol employs a paramagnetic disk designed to capture DNA during wash steps, which helps to minimize the shearing forces. Consequently, the resulting DNA fragments range from approximately 150 kilobases (kbp) to megabases (Mbp) in length, which is around 5–10 times longer than the average fragment size obtained through conventional DNA isolation techniques, making them ideal for OGM.
To summarize, OGM serves as a robust technology that facilitates the direct observation of extensive SVs within the genome, offering essential insights for genomic research, clinical diagnostics, and the advancement of personalized medicine.
To compare NIHSS scoring system for outcome in anterior and posterior circulation stroke
Authors: Aishwarya Ram  , Mamatha Tittamegalapalya Ramalingaiah  , Sheetal Rudra Naik
Published: January 2025

Background: The arterial territory affected in the stroke significantly affects the prognosis and outcome. National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score widely used significantly differs between anterior and posterior circulation stroke.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed: (1) To compare the NIHSS score on day 0 and day 5 among anterior circulation and posterior circulation stroke patients. (2) To predict the grading of neurological deficit of the anterior and posterior circulation stroke based on NIHSS score.
Materials and Methods: Data was collected among the patients having anterior or posterior circulation stroke after meticulous history taking and clinical examination, performing hematological investigations, computed tomography Brain and magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Results: Ischemic stroke was more common in males than in females. Among the neurological deficit, weakness of upper limb and lower limb were most common in anterior circulation stroke and giddiness was the most common complaint in posterior circulation stroke. The NIHSS score was higher in anterior circulation stroke as compared to posterior circulation stroke on day 0 and also NIHSS score significantly decreased in the anterior stroke patients between day 0 and day 5 (paired T-test), when day 0 and day 5 were compared.
Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that the NIHSS score significantly decreased in anterior circulation stroke between day 0 and day 5 whereas in posterior circulation stroke, the NIHSS scoring remained same or worsened. Hence, the prognosis is better in anterior circulation stroke as compared to posterior circulation stroke.
Study of clinical and etiological profile of hypertension in young patients
Authors: Sheetal Rudra Naik  , Mamatha Tittamegalapalya Ramalingaiah  , Aishwarya Ram
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypertension significantly impacts global health, leading to coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal disease. Addressing it in young adults is crucial due to its potentially reversible causes and early intervention.
Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the clinical profile of newly diagnosed hypertension in young patients (2) To study the etiological profile of hypertension in young.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee, the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Data were collected using a pretested proforma, meeting the objectives of the study. A detailed assessment of patients was performed including history and clinical examination of all systems. Laboratory investigations were conducted and analyzed.
Results: The mean age of participants was 34.38±4.729 years, with 63% being male. Common symptoms included headache (18%) and giddiness (18%). A significant proportion (58%) had secondary hypertension, primarily due to renal and endocrine causes. Essential hypertension accounted for 42% of cases. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 178.06±14.112 mmHg and 92.17±11.441 mmHg, respectively. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use were noted in 12% and 4% of participants, respectively.
Conclusion: Early detection and management of hypertension in young adults are crucial to prevent long-term complications. Secondary hypertension is common in this demographic, requiring specific treatments.
Hidden culprit: Unveiling recurrent chest pain masked by myocardial bridge
Authors: Anil Dev Gopalakrishna  , Mamatha Tittamegalapalya Ramalingaiah
Published: January 2025

A 52-year-old female presented to us in the emergency medicine department with a history of recurrent left precordial and retrosternal chest pain of dull aching type but not radiating to the left arm or neck, sometimes accompanied by sweating. These episodes had been occurring for 3 years, with each episode lasting for more than 1 h. The patient had a history of diabetes and hypertension and was on medications. She was evaluated outside; oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was done. It showed normal. She was on analgesics and on proton pump inhibitor. Our patient had persistent chest pain and was admitted for the same symptoms. After serial electrocardiogram (ECG) and serial troponin levels were noted to be normal. Hence, coronary angiogram was done. It showed a myocardial bridge lesion in the left anterior descending artery. It is a rare cause of chest pain, often we tend to narrow diagnosis once ECG and trop t negative. Significant obstruction can lead to myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death. Early consideration in the working diagnosis enables early detection and treatment. This case report aims to enhance clinical decision making, improve patient outcome, and stimulate further research in this intriguing field.
Role of echocardiography in acute stroke patients admitted to ICU
Authors: Lokesh SB  , Latha V
Published: January 2025

Background: Stroke is gaining worldwide importance as the focus now shifts to non-communicable diseases. The etiological investigation of the potential cardiac source of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is important for the secondary prevention of recurrent and future embolization and also helps in finding other etiology.
Aims and Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate echocardiographic findings in patients with AIS admitted to a tertiary care hospital in ESICMC PGIMSR Rajajinagar.
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on patients admitted in medical college hospitals affiliated to ESICMC PGIMSR Rajajinagar. All patients aged more than 18 years presenting with acute onset ischemic stroke were taken into the study. After demographic data transthoracic echocardiography was done and various finding was noted.
Results: In our study, mean age was 56.07 years. Male was 55 (82.1%) and female were 12 (17.9%). In our study stroke in young i.e. <45 years is 10 patients (14.9%). Out of 67 patients, 31 had degenerative mital and aortic valvular, 7 had left atrial thrombus, 7 had left ventricular thrombus, mitral valve prolapse in 3 patients, regional wall motion abnormalities in 17 patients, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in 21 patients, 4 patients had atrial septal defect, 2 patients had ventricular septal defect.
Conclusion: This study reinforces the importance of transthoracic echocardiography in stroke. Transthoracic echocardiography is not only an effective tool in picking up the clots inside the cardiac chambers but also it was found to be significantly effective in detecting valvular lesions and small septal defects, such as patent foramen ovale.
Teacher training for inclusion within an égalité framework in France
Authors: Smythe Fiona , Malet Régis
Published: January 2025

In France, recent years have seen a national-level acceleration towards embracing “l’école inclusive”, with the 2019 education law reform providing for a standardised national teacher training curriculum. While teachers are in theory being better prepared for inclusive practices, France’s egalitarian constitutional model remains in ideological conflict with differentiated treatment of diversity. This raises the question of whether current teacher education in the French context, within an égalité framework, can effectively prepare teachers for their work with pupils with diverse learning needs and special educational needs. A small-scale qualitative study carried out in Bordeaux in 2021-2022, as part of the research project Empowering Teachers for Inclusion in Schools (ETIS), explores this question by gathering views from 17 local teacher educators, mainstream teachers and SEN educators. Common themes across these interviews were identified using a Thematic Content Analysis. The main problems identified by educators are (1) institutional teacher training takes a separatist approach to preparing teachers for inclusion of diversity, and (2) a lack of initial teacher training for inclusion leads to “bricolage” (DIY) in response to the needs of SEN pupils in schools, rather than structured, strategic approaches to support learning. In a third finding, mainstream and SEN educators alike share the view that school inclusion could be strengthened by reinforcing preparation within core initial teacher training programmes.
Structural analysis using 3D digital outcrop model: A case study in Kebun 500 outcrop, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia, Tan Yan Eng , Choong Chee Meng ,   Digital Geoscience Global Sdn Bhd, Unit 13-9, Binjai 8, Lorong Binjai, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, M Jamin Nur Huda ,   Geosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia, Md Yusof Muhammad Aslam ,   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Photogrammetry and digital outcrop modelling are the latest techniques used by various geoscience groups for Earth visualisation and research. This study showcases the structural analysis of a digital outcrop model in the Kebun 500 area, Kedah, involving drone photo collection, digital model construction, structural data extraction, and geological interpretation. The outcrop represents folded and fractured sedimentary rocks of the Permian-Triassic Semanggol Formation, situated adjacent to a major fault, the Bok Bak Fault. The digital model revealed a N-S strike direction and steep dips to the east in the sedimentary beds at the Kebun 500 outcrop. The rocks experienced flexural slipping on the bedding planes and locally folded into close-to-open folds. They can also be further classified into gently plunging-upright folds, gently plunging and moderately inclined folds, and moderately plunging and steeply inclined folds. The beds/folds are cross-cut by N-S striking, steeply dipping fractures, and NNW-SSE striking, inclined dipping reverse faults. The folds that occurred in the Kebun 500 outcrop are interpreted as parasitic folds. The identified fractures are also potentially associated with the Bok Bak fault system.
Pengaplikasian Kaedah Hadis Tematik dalam Pembinaan Isi Kandungan Risalah Dakwah
Authors: Aida Hartini Nan  , Siti Fazidatul Zahariah Mat Saleh  , Sakinah Abdul Mokti  , Saadiah Mohd  , Sharifah Nurulhuda S Ab Latif
Published: January 2025

The message of da'wah is one of the pillars of da'wah that must be emphasized, especially in selecting content that aligns with the needs of the da'wah target audience. The content of a good da'wah message should be accompanied by arguments based on specific evidence that aligns with the theme of the message. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the concept of thematic hadith knowledge and the suitability of applying the thematic hadith method in constructing the content of da'wah messages. This study is qualitative in nature, using content analysis methods as data collection instruments and data analysis through theme classification and description. The study found that there is a suitable application through seven (7) general steps of thematic hadith in producing the correct and accurate content of da'wah pamphlets. The suitability is summarized into six (6) processes, namely the determination of the title and theme of the da'wah pamphlet, the collection of important content related to the title and theme, the filtering of important content based on scope, the formation of engaging techniques in the presentation of the pamphlet's content, the use of language in the booklet that can maintain the credibility of a preacher, and finally a conclusion or summary that can provide motivation. The implications of this study are expected to give a clear understanding to muslim preachers about the importance of methods and ethics in producing good da'wah messages.
نحو معجم عربي موحد لمصطلحات الجيوماتكس: تحديات الترجمة العلمية والتعريب وأثر المرجعية الثقافية
Authors: Abdullah M Walid Kamel
Published: January 2025

The goal of this research is to identify the challenges and obstacles that hinder the development of a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The focus is on ensuring that synonyms are compatible in translation and Arabization, as they play a crucial role in comprehending the fundamental concepts of this field in classical Arabic. Geomatics is a scientific term for an engineering specialty that emerged from the development and integration of well-known scientific branches, but ambiguity surrounds this term, its function, and its importance to the public and even to those interested in spatial information about the Earth's surface. In order to strengthen classical Arabic as a language that works well for comprehension and communication in professional and educational environments, the research focused on the significance of having a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The Unified Dictionary Data Bank of the Arab Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization is one approved reference that was used to assess how familiar a sample of students from King Abdulaziz University's Department of Geomatics was with Arabic synonyms for the most well-known scientific and technical terms in this field. It was found that a variety of factors make it challenging to develop accurate, specialized synonyms. These include cultural references, dictionaries that don't keep up with technological advancements, the fact that Arabic synonyms often have different meanings and terminological variations, the lack of specialized Arabic sources, and the tendency to write and speak in a hybrid way.
تقييدٌ في ذمّ الغِـيبة ومدح العُزلة والصَّمت للشيخ أبي العباس أحمد بن عجيبة الـحَسَــنِـي (ت.1224هـ/1809م): دراسة وصفية ومَـعالِــم التحقيق
Authors: Izham Hakimi Redzan  , Mariyam Benhaddou  , Muhammad Ulfa Hassan
Published: January 2025

This article aims to study a manuscript authored by the eminent Moroccan Sufi scholar, Sidi Aḥmad Ibn ‘Ajībah Al-Ḥasani (d. 1224 AH/1809 AD), titled “A Treatise On The Condemnation Of Backbiting And The Praise Of Self-isolation And Silence.” Employing a descriptive approach, this study extracts the author's methodology in addressing the vice of backbiting within this treatise. It further introduces the author, delves into the manuscript's content and composition, and outlines the methodological framework employed in its textual criticism, adhering to established practices in manuscript studies (Philology). The study reveals that this treatise exemplifies the interconnectedness of texts, or “bibliogram,” with other works on the topics of backbiting, self-isolation, and silence. A significant finding is that the treatise underscores the depth of Sheikh Ibn ‘Ajībah's Sufism. In addressing the vice of backbiting, a theme central to the purification of the soul, he produced a work characterised by a robust foundation of Islamic knowledge, drawing from the Quran, Sunnah, scholarly consensus, the sayings of the prophet’s companions and early Muslims. It also integrates Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles and al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhīyah, and draws upon glossaries of Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence, reflecting an interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge. Importantly, this treatise offers practical guidance that is timeless and relevant to contemporary Muslims. It serves as a reminder of the enduring value of ascetic virtues and the dangers of excessive social interaction, which can lead to harmful speech such as backbiting and other vices of the tongue.
The Shariah Perspective on Cryptocurrency: Insights from Malaysian Scholars
Authors: Muhammad, N  , Syed Alwi, S. F  , Katan, M  , Nasrijal, N. M. H  , Buja, A. G  , Siang, T. G
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to underline the views and opinions of Malaysian Shariah scholars regarding the permissibility of cryptocurrency. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Malaysian Shariah scholars who have the authority to give rulings. This study found that two of the informants agreed that restrictions on using cryptocurrency are needed due to the bad outweighing the good, and to prevent terrible things from happening to users, especially those who have little knowledge about cryptocurrency. On the other hand, one of the informants allows the usage of cryptocurrency based on the argument that all the requirements and guidelines on cryptocurrency addressed by the securities commission must be fulfilled. This study will be helpful for Muslim investors, who deal with cryptocurrency. It is recommended to do future research on how various Islamic countries are approaching the regulation of cryptocurrency.
Model Holistik Integriti Akademik Berteraskan Islam bagi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Malaysia
Authors: Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W.    , Anas, W. N. I. W. N.  , Embong, A. H.  , Hassan, S. A.  , Suhaimi, M. A.  , Idham, M. A.
Published: January 2025

Numerous initiatives by the government to strengthen public servant integrity particularly among academics who serve as the backbone of the education hierarchy. Incidents such as the decline in academic discipline, ethical violations in scholarly writing, supervisory inefficiencies, and challenges in teaching and learning (T&L) highlight these ongoing issues. The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) has introduced integrity guidelines for academics across all Malaysian institutions. Nevertheless, the rising prevalence of ethical and integrity-related issues among academics raises questions about the effectiveness of these guidelines. This study aims to develop a comprehensive integrity model to enhance the current academic integrity guidelines in Malaysia. Using a documentary research approach and content analysis, the study proposes a holistic Islamic-based academic integrity model inspired by the integrity practices of classical and contemporary scholars in writing, teaching, and management. The findings are expected to significantly elevate academic integrity in Malaysia while providing a robust foundation for future integrity policies aligned with the government’s Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16), which emphasizes strengthening integrity at the national level.
Text Retrieval in Restricted Domains by Pairwise Term Co-occurrence
Authors: Sneiders Eriks , Henriksson Aron
Published: January 2025

Text similarity calculation by text embeddings requires fine-tuning of the language model by a large amount of labeled data, which may not be available for small text collections in their specific knowledge domains, in particular, in public organizations. As an alternative to machine learning, this research proposes pairwise term co-occurrence within plain-text matching, i.e., the query and the document share co-occurrences of two terms in a text span. In the entire document, the co-occurrences form the context that affects a term. This is analogous to a contextual word embedding, except our context affects the importance, not the meaning, of the term. Pairwise term co-occurrence has been applied in three text similarity calculation methods: term-pair-based text similarity, BM25 with term weights enhanced by pairwise term co-occurrence, and likewise enhanced cosine similarity. The three methods were evaluated for retrieval of four text types – email messages, web articles, fill-in forms, and brochures from a public organization – by having the first three as queries. Pairwise term co-occurrence performed on par with or better than BERT sentence embeddings without fine-tuning the BERT language model. With some text types, pairwise term co-occurrence outperformed bag-of-words matching by as much as 29.44 (MAP) and 31.71 (P@1) percentage points. Pairwise term co-occurrence can fill a niche by improving text similarity calculation where supervised machine learning is difficult to carry out.
Misleading as a form of unfair competition
Authors: Chagina Elizaveta Mihailovna
Published: January 2025

Protection of competition is one of the foundations of the Russian constitutional order, which determines the existence of a general prohibition on unfair competition in legislation. Unfair competition can take various forms, one of which is misleading. This study examines the signs of unfair competition through deception, including the subjects targeted by such actions, the objects in respect of which deception is carried out. The article also examines the problem of distinguishing unfair competition through misleading and related offenses, such as consumer deception, which is expressed in misleading consumers about the properties and quality of goods, failure to provide consumers with reliable information about the product or its manufacturer, seller, as well as violations of advertising legislation. The methodological basis of the research consists of both general methods (analysis, synthesis, logical method, etc.) and special methods of cognition (for example, the method of analysis and interpretation of normative legal acts). As a result of the research, the author concludes that unfair competition through deception is aimed not only at influencing the process of selling goods, but also at gaining an advantage in the market compared to competing entities. This circumstance does not depend on who the deception is aimed at: the counterparties of the person, the competing entities, or the consumers of the goods. The purpose of the act of unfair competition determines its separation from violations of the rights of consumer citizens, which are aimed at influencing consumer behavior when concluding a purchase and sale agreement. Also, these violations have various objects of encroachment. In turn, violation of the legislation on advertising can be considered as one of the forms of unfair competition by misleading in the case when the information disseminated in advertising meets the criteria of unfair competition.
TÜRKÇE EĞİTİMİ ALANINDA HAZIRLANMIŞ DOKTORA TEZ ÖZETLERİNİN OKUNABİLİRLİK ANALİZİ (2015-2022 ARASI)
Authors: Maden Sedat , Kavun Mahir
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçe eğitimi alanında hazırlanmış doktora tezlerinin özet bölümlerinin okunabilirliğinin okunabilirlik formülleri ile incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Ulusal Tez Merkezinden elde edilmiştir. Ulusal Tez Merkezinde; Ana Bilim Dalı bölümünde “Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı” seçilmiş, tez türü “Doktora” olarak işaretlenmiş ve yıl bölümüne ise 2015-2022 seçilerek listelenen tezler, araştırma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplam 118 doktora tezinin özet bölümleri incelenmiştir. Türkçe eğitimi alanında 2015-2022 yılları arasında hazırlanan 118 doktora tezinin 65’i (%55,08) erkek araştırmacılar, 53’ü (%44,92) ise kadın araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Erkek araştırmacılar tarafından; 2015’te 20, 2016’da 9, 2017’de 11, 2018’de 6, 2019’da 7, 2020’de 2, 2021’de 6 ve 2022’de 4 olmak üzere toplam 65 doktora tezi hazırlanırken kadın araştırmacılar tarafından; 2015’te 8, 2016’da 7, 2017’de 8, 2018’de 7, 2019’da 7, 2020’de 8, 2021’de 7 ve 2022’de 1 olmak üzere toplam 53 doktora tezi hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen en zor 10 tez özetinin Ateşman ve Bezirci-Yılmaz okunabilirlik formülünde 6’sının, Çetinkaya-Uzun okunabilirlik formülünde ise 7’sinin erkek araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle erkek araştırmacıların kadın araştırmacılara oranla okunabilirlik seviyesi daha zor tez özetleri yazdıkları söylenebilir.
Propofol Priming for Enhancing Induction Safety in Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Yadav Tarun , Golhar Mayuri , Saini Chhavi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Propofol is popular for inducing general anaesthesia, but it has drawbacks such as hypotension and bradycardia in a dose-dependent manner, especially in hypertensive patients. Reducing the total dose of Propofol using the priming principle has proven to be effective; however, it has not been studied in high-risk hypertensive patients. Therefore, the current study was planned.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of priming on Propofol induction in controlled hypertensive patients, with objectives to assess haemodynamic parameters, total dose, and sideeffects.

Materials and Methods: This prospective, comparative, double-blind randomised controlled trail was performed at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma (B.D.) Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Rohtak, Haryana, India, from April 2023 to April 2024. A total of 60 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with controlled hypertension were randomly assigned to either Group 1 (study group, n=30), where Propofol priming was used, or Group 2 (control group, n=30). Demographics, total Propofol dose, haemodynamic parameters {Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)}, and adverse events were evaluated using International Bussiness Machine (IBM) Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normalisation, and the Mann’s-Whitney U test, Independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.

Results: In Group 1 (study), the mean age was 49.36±9.42 years, while in Group 2 (control), it was 49.36±9.19 years (p=0.91). A lesser dose of Propofol was needed in the study group (Group 1) (90.07±19.73 mg) compared to the control group (Group 2) (120.00±21.81 mg) (p=0.001). Haemodynamic alterations were more pronounced in the controls compared to the study group. After induction, a significant fall in MAP was observed in the controls compared to the study group (67.63±5.86 mmHg vs. 90.63±4.33 mmHg) (p=0.001). Adverse effects, such as pain at the injection site, were reported in one patient (n=1) in Group 2.

Conclusion: The priming principle significantly reduces the total Propofol dose and leads to more stable haemodynamics during general anaesthesia induction in controlled hypertensive patients. Priming with Propofol is advised for patients with hypertension when inducing general anaesthesia.