bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological peculiarities of auditory cognitive defect when psychopathology
Authors: Belskaya Kseniya Alekseyevna , Lytayev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Kipyatkov Nikita Yuryevich
Published: February 2016

Work is executed on faculty of normal physiology of Saint-Petersburg state pediatric medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia and St. Petersburg psycho-neurological dispensary N 1. Of the existing Arsenal of psychophysiological methods in this study, we used the original method of studying perception of auditory images and psychological analysis of the status of higher mental functions in patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and control group. With increasing levels of anxiety, both healthy subjects and in patients of any information provided may be assessed as important. In such circumstances, the inhibition processes touch flow reduced and insignificant background is estimated sick longer than healthy. Normal perception clean and noisy auditory images has high identifiability (95 %) and efficiency with latent period of 4.2-8.4 C. Taking into account time for вербализацию a decision and biologically significant effect on the perceived information, this time interval corresponds to the physiological norm. The effectiveness of the perception of auditory images in chronic psychopathology is within 40-75 %, and the latent period - within 11.2-24.3 with that 2.6-2.9 times exceeds the normative time of identification. Reduction in speed and efficiency of information-analytical activities in psychopathological disorders caused, apparently, by the decrease of the functional state of stem-reticular structures included in the first structural-functional Department of the auditory analyzer. The dependence of the quality of auditory-cognitive activity not only from the functional state of cortical fields, responsible for attention, perception, recognition, remembering, but also on the state of slightly-stem systems of the brain responsible tone and reactivity of the brain. Registered reliable link of functional reduce nonspecific brain systems in violation of the neurophysiological mechanisms of perception.
On the formation of professional self-determination of future doctors
Authors: Mikirtichan Galina Lvovna , Chulkova Valentina Alekseevna , Pestereva Yelena Viktorovna , Olkhovskiy Konstantin Aleksandorovich , Kosheleva Alexandra Nikolaevna
Published: February 2016

The article discusses the features of professional self-determination of Medical University students of the 1st and 6th courses. A set of experimental psychological methods was used: the method of «Un-finished phrases» which reveals the attitude of medical students to their future profession; questionnaire aimed at assessing the importance of personal qualities in the doctor’s work (students’ opinion); diagnostic technique of value orientations in career «Career anchors». It is revealed that the freshmen have an idealized view of medical practice; graduates’ perception of the medical profession includes communication skills to interact with the patient, they are aware of the impact of their personal properties and needs for the professional activity. Learning process, observing elder colleagues’ interaction with patients and experience of working in health care facilities affect on the development of students’ professional self-determination. In the process of training and education of medical students it’s necessary, given the importance of career orientation «service», to complete its with realistic content, as it is one of the motivating factors for the development of professional competence and further self-determination of a doctor.
Modern aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of urolithiasis
Authors: Vasilyev Andrey Glebovich , Tahirov Nair Sabirovich , Nazarov Toirhon Haknazarovich , Madjidov Said Akramovich , Akhmedov Mahomed Alievich
Published: February 2016

Urolithiasis is one of the most actual public health problems world-wide, its prevalence is growing annually. Study of the problem of urolithiasis appeared in recent years to a new level due to changes in the multidisciplinary approach and the principles of evidence-based medicine. Expanding the study of etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, development and application of high-tech diagnostic and treatment methods have enabled solve many problems and deliver new ones, identify prospects for future scientific and practical works. The article provides an overview of modern data concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of urolithiasis.
Psychological characteristics preceding the development of homosexuality
Authors: Isayev Dmitriy Dmitriyevich
Published: February 2016

490 gay men and 235 heterosexual men were surveyed to reveal frequency of distribution of childhood and adolescence gender non-conformity in gay men compare to similar features in straight men. Significant differences identified between two samples. The vast majority of gay men had history of various combinations of identity problems, crossgender behavior, communication problems, difficulties in adoption normative gender roles, the inability to find a common language with peers. In heterosexual sample basis were communicative problems related to particular personality features of some part of the control group. Gender-variance by itself cannot be regarded as an obvious sign indicating the development of homosexuality. In some cases it is a sign of congenital determinants that lead to the same sex sexual attraction, and in others this is only contributing personality characteristics facilitating under certain circumstances occurrence of erotic attachments to persons of the same gender.
Pulmonary Catamnesis in Children on Artificial Lung Ventilation in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Klyukhina Yuliya Borisovna , Zhelenina Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Ivanov Dmitriy Olegovich
Published: February 2016

Bronchopulmonary pathology is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. Emergency aid and inten-sive care to newborn infants decrease death rate among children; at the same time, they cause an increase in pulmonary morbidity. The article deals with data concerning generation of bronchopulmonary diseases in children who underwent resuscitation in neonatal period, tracks pulmonary catamnesis, and analyzes hereditary load. The article confirms the adverse effect of artificial lung ventilation on lungs of both mature and premature babies. Neonatal pneumonia, together with iatrogenic factors of emergency care, is a dominating factor in formation of chronic non-specific pulmonary diseases in catamnesis.
Diagnostics and prevention of infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women and newborn infants
Authors: Zatsiorskaya Svetlana L’vovna , Krysanova Anna Alexandrovna , Khvan Vladislav Olegovich , Martikainen Zinaida Mikhailovna , Savicheva Alevtina Mikhailovna
Published: February 2016

The study investigates colonization of the genitourinary tract and rectum in pregnant women by Streptococcus agalactiae in early pregnancy, as well as pregnancy outcomes for mother and infant depending on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. The frequency of GBS colonization was 15.9 %, with the detection rate in urine being 8.6 %, in the vagina - 3.5 %, in the rectum - 10 %. The efficiency of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid administered in the II trimester was 66.7 %. Pregnancy outcomes in women receiving and those not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis were studied. In all women receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid term labor occurred, with healthy full-term infants born. In one woman not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis there was preterm labor at 34 weeks of gestation.
Sonographic examination of peripheral nerve injuries at the hands of children
Authors: Romanova Marina Nikolayevna , Zhila Nikolay Grigoryevich , Sinelnikova Yelena Vladimirovna
Published: February 2016

Ultrasound imaging of peripheral nerves can accurately determine the level of damage, and also to assess the extent of damage to the structure of the nerve fiber. Early detection of the type of damage can significantly improve patient outcomes.
Protection of the neurological dysfunctions of newborn by omega-3 acids
Authors: Abdaladze Nino Semenovna , Avaliani Tatyana Varlamovna , Tsikunov Sergey Georgiyevich
Published: February 2016

Including of the concentrate of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in traditional treatment of obstetric pathology (gestosis, uterine-placental insufficiency, delay of the development of the fetal) gives the positive results. The concentrate of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids is a natural product, elaborated from fat sea hydrobionts, possesses antiaggregatory, antyoxcidative activity, expressed adoptive and reconstructive actions. The substance does not cause teratogenic or mutagenic effects as well as acute or chronic toxicity. The treatment proposal promotes reduction of delay of the fetal development, premature delivery, preventive maintenance of pre- and eclampsia. The clinical observations in early postnatal period have shown rise of frequency of children delivery with more high estimations according to Apgar scale as well as decrease of asphyxia and CNS impairments cases.
Does the age of first drug abuse influence on further development and course of the disease
Authors: Vostrikov Viktor Vasilyevich , Proshin Sergey Nikolayevich
Published: February 2016

Drug abuse has become urgent in the last 10- 15 years. In 2005 it was reported about 241.3 people per 100 000 population which suffered from drug addictions. The study was performed among the patients with opiate addiction syndrome of second stage that corresponds to F 11.242 due to International System. Patients underwent treatment in hospital. Assessment of social adaptation and stress test were carried out according to Dr. Holmes and Dr. Rage. The study involved 129 patients suffered from addiction to opiates. Medical history was evaluated bearing in mind the age of first drug abuse. Randomization of patients was carried out on the basis of the age of first use of narkogen. Connection it the two groups of abusers were elucidated as follows: the first group is if the age of first use of narkogen accounts for up to 18 years old. The second group is if the age of first use of narkogen accounts for the age 18 years old. The study showed that early initiation of drug abuse in adolescents was provoked by family history burdened by alcoholism. This group has more frequent accidents of head injury, contaminations by hepatitis, psychotic episodes and seizures. They are more frequently subjected to criminal prosecution. In this group the start preferential drug abuse is given to cannabis. They have more quickly developed detailed clinical picture and have more frequent episodes of overdose by drugs. Meanwhile the patients of this group are more socially adapted.
EurAsia Heart - international cooperation in cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Vogt Paul R , Khubulava Gennadiy Grigorevich , Marchenko Sergey Pavlovich
Published: February 2016

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in neonates, children, adolescents and adults. Untreated congenital heart disease is the major cause of death worldwide in children younger than five years of age, exceeding the combined death rate caused, e.g. by malaria, tuberculosis or HIV [6]. In many developing countries, life expectancy is limited to an average of 58 to 64 years of age [1, 2]. In addition quality of life is markedly reduced while the number of disabled patients and patients depending from social welfare is steadily increasing. The major cause is undiagnosed and untreated cardiovascular diseases. Eighty percent of all cardiovascular deaths worldwide occur in developing countries [3]. Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery are powerful tools to increase the life expectancy, to improve and normalize the quality of life, to preserve patients able to work and to reduce the overall health care costs as well as costs for social welfare for those otherwise disabled by chronic cardiovascular diseases. Developing countries invest in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. However, the establishment of a cardiovascular centre is a challenging task. The problem is that several specialties have to be developed simultaneously: cardiology, cardiac surgery, perfusion techniques, anaesthesia, intensive care as well as postoperative medical treatment - for adults and for children. The attractiveness of EurAsia Heart Foundation allowed establishing numerous international co-operations with excellent institutions, interested and engaged in teaching and education abroad.
Hepcidin: a promising marker for differential diagnosis of anemia and macrophage activation syndrome in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Egorov Andrey Sergeyevich , Fedorova Elena Vladimirovna , Chasnyk Vyacheslav Grigoryevich , Kostik Mikhail Mikhaylovich , Snegireva Ludmila Stepanovna , Kalashnikova Olga Valeryevna , Dubko Margarita Fedorovna , Masalova Vera Vasilyevna , Likhacheva Tatyana Serafimovna
Published: February 2016

Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide, which is a key systemic regulator of iron metabolism. As considered, overproduction of hepcidin in the liver is controlled by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Is it known that interleukin-6 play a key role in the development of anemia in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, IL-6 blockers itself may provoke the onset of Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS), manifesting, particularly, also with anemia. In view of the fact that macrophages involved in MAS express CD163 - a scavenger receptor that binds hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes - and activate the pathways which are important for adaptation to oxidative stress induced by free iron, we can consider hepcidin as a welcome challenge to predict the development of MAS early in the course of the disease. During the study of 35 patients with JIA treated with biological disease-modifying drugs (tocilizumab and golimumab), direct relations between the level of hemoglobin and hepcidin were not found. However, it was found that the mean corpuscular hemoglobin level is associated with hepcidin concentration in patients with JIA. It was found that concentration of serum hepcidin may be used for early differential diagnosis of anemia and MAS in patients with JIA. High probability of evolution of anemia to MAS was found when concentration of hepcidin was <140 ng/mL and ferritin >160 g/L. The following combinations were associated with high probability of evolution of slight anemia to a severe form, but not to MAS: 1. hepcidin >200 ng/mL and ferritin <140 g/L; 2. hepcidin >140 ng/mL and soluble transferrin receptor <1.6 mg/L; 3. hepcidin >140 ng/mL and total iron binding capacity >46 mcmol/L. Misclassification should be assessed during further studies.
Efficacy of golimumab in children with polyarticular juvenile idi-opathic arthritis
Authors: Kuchinskaya Ekaterina Mikhaylovna , Kostik Mikhail Mikhaylovich , Snegireva Ludmila Stepanovna , Kalashnikova Olga Valeryevna , Dubko Margarita Fedorovna , Masalova Vera Vasil’yevna , Likhacheva Tatyana Serafimovna
Published: February 2016

Golimumab is a human anti- monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) TNF-α is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines taking part in JRA’s (juvenile idiopathic arthritis) pathogenesis. To compare with currently used tumor necrosis factor inhibitors golimumab therapy has high compliance because of low pain in the site of injection and long half-life period. The efficacy of golimumab was demonstrated earlier in adults with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. 10 children with active polyarticular JRA despite previous methotrexate treatment were enrolled in randomized study. All patients received subcutaneous golimumab 30 mg/kg every 4 weeks. At week 16 patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms: 4 of them received placebo, others continued subcutaneous golimumab at the same dose. 3 of 4 children who received placebo later continued golimumab because of confirmed flare. Assessments were performed at week 24 and at the moment of last visit available for assessment (week 96-week 116) Dynamics of main clinical and laboratory disease activity measures were evaluated, including JA-DAS and CDAI dynamics and ACRPedi response criteria. During this study the majority of patients showed significant improvement of disease activity measures and their components with good ACR-Pedi response without serious adverse events and significant changes in blood count (erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin). According study results, golimumab can be evaluated as effective and quite safe therapy of polyarticular JRA.
Prevalence of the CCR5 delta32 mutation in the tundra Nenets of Yamal
Authors: Ammosova Tatyana , Egorov Andrey Sergeyevich , Fedorova Elena Vladimirovna , Avrusin Sergey Lvovich , Santimov Andrey Vyacheslavovich , Nekhai Sergei
Published: February 2016

CCR5 delta 32 is a genetic variant of CCR5 - deletion mutation of a gene that has a specific impact on the adhesive function of T cells. It is believed that this mutation arose approximately two and a half thousand years ago and eventually spread in Europe. It has been hypothesized that this allele was favored by natural selection during the Black Death. In the heterozygotes, this mutation strongly reduces the chance of HIV infection In the homozygotes, it completely protects against HIV infection. CCR5 delta32 mutation in the heterozygous state occurs in Europe with a frequency of 5-14 %. The incidence of CCR5 delta32 outside of Europe is very low, and in many non-European ethnic groups it is completely absent. The prevalence of this mutation in the population of the Nenets has not previously investigated. It was assumed to have a lower frequency than in Europeans. We carried out an investigation with 54 blood samples of Nenets living in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. DNA was extracted with was QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer protocol. To identify the CCR5 delta32 deletion polymerase chain reaction was conducted using primers: CCR5-D32-F: 5`CTTCATTACACCTGCAGTC3`, CCR5-D32-R: 5`TGAAGATAAGCCTCACAGCC3` under the following conditions: 95˚-5’x1; 95˚-15” → 55˚-15” → 72˚-60”x40; 72˚-10’x1 → 4˚-∞. Products of the reaction were separated in 2 % aga-rose gel for 1.5 hours. Gel documentation was performed using a Gel Doc XR Plus (Bio-Rad, USA). The prevalence of CCR5 delta32 mutation in Nenets was found to be 9.3 %. This was a higher than expected frequency, and it corresponds to the average prevalence of CCR5 delta32 mutation in Europe. Our finding suggests possible European origin of the Nenets.
HDL therapies — past, present and future
Authors: Barbaras Ronald
Published: February 2016

For a number of years, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been recognized to have an athero-protective role by promoting reverse lipid transport, a process facilitating the cholesterol efflux from atherosclerotic plaques in the artery wall and its elimination by the liver via biliary excretion. On the contrary, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles carry cholesterol to the organs and tissues where it can be used to produce hormones or maintain cell metabolism. When an imbalance develops, as a result of either an excess level of cholesterol associated with LDL (LDL-C) or a less effective cholesterol elimination by HDL (HDL-C), this causes an excess of cholesterol to be transported to the tissues and promotes the deposition of cholesterol. This often occurs in the artery walls, particularly in the coronary arteries. There is no approved medical treatment for directly suppressing or treating the atherosclerotic plaque once it is formed. Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of developing cardio-vascular disease (CVD) is higher in patients with low levels of HDL-C regardless of LDL-C levels, even in patients optimally treated with LDL-C-lowering therapies. These data highlight that low HDL-C and low HDL particle number is an important target of therapies aiming to reduce the residual risk of CVD.
Benchmark data set for wheat growth models: field experiments and AgMIP multi-model simulations
Authors: Asseng Senthold , Ewert Frank , Martre Pierre , Rosenzweig Cynthia , Jones Jim , Hatfield Jerry , Ruane Alex , Boote Ken , Thorburn Peter , Rötter Reimund , Cammarano Davide , Basso Bruno , Aggarwal Pramod , Angulo Carlos , Bertuzzi Patrick , Biernath Christian , Challinor Andy , Doltra Jordi , Gayler Sebastian , Goldberg R , Grant Robert , Heng Lee , Hooker Josh , Hunt Tony , Ingwersen Joachim , Izaurralde Cesar , Kersebaum Christian , Müller Christoph , Naresh Kumar Soora , Nendel Claas , O’Leary Garry , Olesen Jorgen , Osborne Tom , Palosuo Taru , Priesack Eckart , Ripoche Dominique , Semenov Mikhail , Shcherbak Iurii , Steduto Pasquale , Stöckle Claudio , Stratonovitch Pierre , Streck Thilo , Supit Iwan , Tao Fulu , Travasso Maria , Waha Katharina , Wallach Daniel , White Jeffrey , Williams Jimmy , Wolf Joost
Published: February 2016

The data set includes a current representative management treatment from detailed, quality-tested sentinel field experiments with wheat from four contrasting environments including Australia, The Netherlands, India and Argentina. Measurements include local daily climate data (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, surface wind, dew point temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure), soil characteristics, frequent growth, nitrogen in crop and soil, crop and soil water and yield components. Simulations include results from 27 wheat models and a sensitivity analysis with 26 models and 30 years (1981-2010) for each location, for elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature changes, a heat stress sensitivity analysis at anthesis, and a sensitivity analysis with soil and crop management variations and a Global Climate Model end-century scenario. Data access via DOI 10.17026/DANS-ZB6-6FVQ.
Significance of CIN85 Analysis in Nutritional Study
Authors: Shimokawa Noriaki
Published: February 2016

Nutritional and metabolic processes involve numerous pathways. It is highly significant to clarify the presenceÃ‚Â and function of signaling molecules involved in each pathway. A Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa (CIN85) belongsÃ‚Â to a family of ubiquitously expressed adaptor/scaffold proteins. CIN85 is a multiadaptor protein implicated inÃ‚Â the regulation of receptor endocytosis, cell division, and the cellular cytoskeleton. Mice deficient in brain-specificÃ‚Â CIN85 expression shows aberrant dopamine signaling; insufficient complex formation of endophilins with D2 dopamineÃ‚Â receptors (D2DRs) in the striatum, an important center for the coordination of animal behavior and ultimatelyÃ‚Â decreased D2DR endocytosis in striatal neurons in response to dopamine stimulation. As a result, CIN85-deficientÃ‚Â mice exhibit the hyperactive phenotype. Here, we show other phenotypes of CIN85 deficient-mice; low levels ofÃ‚Â bone mineral density and blood glucose. From a perspective of nutritional research, the analysis of CIN85 and itsÃ‚Â deficiency in mice may lead to new developments in nutritional study.
Association between Nutritional Status Determined By Mini Nutritional Assessment and Serum Marker Levels in Older Adults at Eldercare Facilities
Authors: Hilerio Lopez Angel G
Published: February 2016

Malnutrition in the older adult is an ongoing situation in Mexico and is most apparent in individuals that reside in hospitals, nursing homes, and retirement homes. For that reason, it is necessary to evaluate the nutritional status of these adults by means of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and levels of three serum indicators that are commonly ordered when making malnutrition diagnosis. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 older adults residing in eldercare facilities. Nutritional status was evaluated by means of the MNA and three serum indicators (albumin, ferritin, and hemoglobin). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, and a StudentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s t test, based on gender and reference values, was used to compare mean values of the three serum indicators. Ã‚Â A Chi-square test was used to compare proportions in individuals, based on gender, who had normal nutritional status or were malnourished, and who were at-risk of malnutrition. Ã‚Â A One-way ANOVA with ScheffÃƒÂ© post hoc test was used to identify the association between serum indicators and nutritional status of older adults. Of the 100 older adults studied, 53% were men and 47% were women. The mean age was 85Ã‚Â±0.7 years. According to the MNA, 20% had normal nutritional status, 55% were at-risk of malnutrition, and 25% were malnourished. The mean indicator values were: albumin 4.7Ã‚Â±0.04 g/dL, ferritin 74.2Ã‚Â±8.7 ng/mL, and hemoglobin 13.0Ã‚Â±0.1 g/dL. No significant association was found between serum indicators and each MNA classification; however, when the same indicators were compared between the sexes, hemoglobin showed a significant difference (P=0.037). Women had lower values but those values did not extend beyond the established physiological range for this population. There was a 55% prevalence of risk of malnutrition in the nutritional status of older adults living in Mexican eldercare facilities in a Mexican province and it was even more frequent in women.Ã‚Â
Calcium-Dependent Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2ÃŽÂ± Phosphatase Restores Control to Anterior Piriform Cortex Neural Circuitry after Activation by Essential Amino Acid Deficiency
Authors: DW Gietzen
Published: February 2016

Essential (dietary-indispensable) amino acids (IAA)s are vital precursors for protein synthesis; they cannot be synthesized in metazoans but must be obtained from food to survive. In sensing a reduction of an IAA, the mammalian anterior piriform cortex (APC)Ã†â€” is rapidly activated. The initial behavioral response is an abrupt end to an IAA deficient meal about 20 min after meal onset. IAA depletion in the APC activates the conserved eukaryotic initiation factor 2ÃŽÂ± (eIF2ÃŽÂ±) kinase, GCN2, via uncharged tRNA. GCN2 kinase activity increases levels of phosphorylated eIF2ÃŽÂ± (P-eIF2ÃŽÂ±), which blocks global protein synthesis such that APC inhibitory elements with short half-lives cannot be replaced. This results in disinhibition of this highly sensitive brain area. Following APC activation, a reduction in P-eIF2ÃŽÂ± releases the blockade on protein synthesis to allow recovery of inhibition in the circuit and complete the homeostatic response, restoring control in the APC. A role for calcium (Ca2+) in regulating P-eIF2ÃŽÂ± was explored here using Ca2+ blockers with immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology in APC brain slices. The responses to IAA depletion in the APC were Ca2+ dependent, showing a role for Ca2+ in the system. Yet, the kinase activity of GCN2 was unaffected by intracellular Ca2+ chelation. Thus, control must be accomplished by phosphatase activity. We suggest that regulation of P-eIF2ÃŽÂ±, and neuronal stability in the APC, require the activity of a Ca2+-dependent subunit, protein phosphatase1, of the phosphatase acting on P-eIF2ÃŽÂ±. This would implicate the Ca2+/calmodlin dependent calcineurin, and the constitutive repressor of eIF2 phosphorylation (PPP1R15B/CReP) after GCN2 activation in the brain.
The bell-shaped curve of international trade openness: a panel data test for OECD countries
Authors: Gatica Arreola Leonardo , Ramírez Grajeda Mauricio
Published: February 2016

By partially following Head and Mayer’s (2003) suggestions, in this paper we test Puga’s (1999) fundamental bell-shaped relationship between trade openness and agglomeration in the industrial sector. The main result is that concentration of both employment and production may arise if a pair of countries is involved in a process of trade liberalization. 
Capital riesgo y dinero inteligente: aportes de valor no monetario
Authors: Arango Vásquez Leonel , Duque Grisales Eduardo Alexander
Published: February 2016

Este artículo se basa en una revisión de la literatura para estudiar las características de las inversiones que realiza la industria del capital riesgo. El análisis permite clasificar estas inversiones como ‘dinero inteligente’, lo que implica generalmente aportes de valor no monetario. Adicionalmente, se describen los aportes de mayor relevancia, según criterio propio de los autores. Este trabajo permite concluir que la industria del capital riesgo tiene un papel destacado en el crecimiento y la consolidación de muchas empresas, especialmente de las pequeñas y medianas, a través de los aportes no monetarios que realiza, los cuales tienen alto impacto en su fortalecimiento y aumento de valor.
Complex Psychological Trauma and Self-Dysregulation: A Theory Synthesis for Nursing
Authors: Choi Kristen R.
Published: February 2016

Complex psychological trauma is a phenomenon resulting from severe interpersonal trauma that can negatively affect how individuals experience health care. However, few theories conceptualizing complex trauma exist, and it has received only limited attention in the nursing literature. The purpose of this theory synthesis was to organize two theories of (a) self-regulation and (b) self-dysregulation following complex psychological trauma into a single conceptual framework for use in nursing practice. This article used the theory synthesis approach described by Walker and Avant. The theory has potential to advance nursing science by helping nurses and other health professionals understand how trauma can alter self-regulatory processes and result in unique challenges in care delivery. It also has potential to prevent retraumatization of trauma survivors at the hands of health care providers.
Analyst Coverage And The Diversification Discount
Authors: Best Ronald W. , Hodges Charles W. , Lin Bing-Xuan
Published: February 2016

We use financial analyst coverage as a measure of information asymmetry to examine excess firm values associated with single- and multi-segment firms.  We explicitly examine whether differences in analyst coverage can explain the diversification discount.  We find that information asymmetry plays a major role in the valuation of companies and explains a large portion of the diversification discount.  However, a significant diversification discount remains after controlling for the effects of analyst coverage.
Evaluating Return On Investment For Software Process Improvement Projects
Authors: Shoemaker Daniel P. , Ulferts Gregory W. , Wirtz Patrick T. , Drommi Antonio
Published: February 2016

This article presents a simple approach that will allow decision-makers to evaluate the return on investment of software process improvement prior to launching such an effort. Obviously, it will be easy to tell ten years up the road whether the right decision was made. But a CEO, or CIO contemplating laying out six, or seven figures for the additional personnel and resources to conduct SPI is not in a position to make that call and the wise ones will not be led into it by blind faith. The problem is assessing the risks and returns of such a project in terms and perspective that a non-technical decision-maker can understand. We believe our instrument serves that purpose.
The Relationship Between Returns And Unexpected Earnings: A Comparison Of Australia And The United States
Authors: Myring Mark , Shortridge Rebecca Toppe , Van Alst Lucinda
Published: February 2016

This paper examines a relatively short-term market reaction to unexpected earnings in Australia and the United States (U.S.).  Using data from 1987 to 1998, we test the existence of a short-term market reaction to the release of earnings in both countries. Because accounting standards, stock market characteristics and culture are similar in the two countries, we expect similar market responses to earnings releases.  The results indicate that both the Australian and the U.S. markets react relatively quickly to earnings releases. We also examine the incremental explanatory power of analysts’ forecast errors over the change in earnings per share.  Both the change in earnings per share and analysts’ forecast errors are expected to provide information to the market.  The results from this hypothesis conform to expectations, as both pieces of information are associated with market returns in the two countries.  Finally, we utilize t-tests to examine if the coefficients between Australia and the U.S. are different.  If so, differences in accounting, stock markets, and/or culture alter how information is processed between the two countries.  This hypothesis is not supported.  In sum, the U.S. and Australian stock markets react similarly to the release of unexpected earnings.
Self-Selection Bias In On-Line Accounting Courses: Student Characteristics
Authors: Amlie Thomas T.
Published: February 2016

Over the past several years one of my responsibilities as a faculty member of the State University of New York Institute of Technology has been to teach both graduate and undergraduate classes over the internet via the SUNY Learning Network (SLN).  Although the work load for a faculty member teaching an on-line course can be substantial, there is evidence that there are unexpected rewards in terms of the caliber of the students who takes such courses.  Although the characteristics of the students comprising the initial enrollment of the class mirror those of standard “in-person” classes, there seems to be substantial initial attrition among those students who are less motivated to devote the necessary time to the study of the material.  Additionally, the additional responsibility for “active learning” on the part of students appears to motivate many students to a higher level of effort.

 

This paper provides evidence via ex-post and a-priori surveys, as well as through an analysis of the students’ final grades, that there is a self-selection bias among students that can lead to an overall increase in the caliber of the on-line class relative to the conventional on-campus class.
Property Value, User Cost, and Rent: An Investigation of the Residential Property Market in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Ying-Foon , Wong Nelson
Published: February 2016

We investigate the adjustment between the user cost of housing capital, rent, and property value using the impulse response analysis. We find that in the Hong Kong residential property market, rent responds to changes in the user cost relatively fast. But the direction of the responses varies. About one third displays incomplete response, another one third over-responds, and the rest displays a negative relationship. Further work is called for to clarify such results.
Scope Economy And Issues In Technology Management
Authors: Sung Simona , Norsworthy John R.
Published: February 2016

In the 1980s, studies of technology transfer in dual-use industries have suggested a slow down in military technology spillovers to the civilian sector. This paper takes an econometric approach to measuring the bilateral spillover effect using the airframe manufacturing industry as a case study. The diffusion of technology benefits the industrial art regardless of where technological innovation is originated.  When horizontal spillover is measured as a bilateral flow of technology transfer regardless of the direction of the flow, i.e., either from military to civilian or from civilian to military, we find no evidence of a slow down, in airframe manufacturing at least, between 1961 and 1985, a period of rapid technological change in both military and commercial aircraft production. We also trace the flow of technological development in aircraft engine and measure its effect downstream on aircraft manufacturing productivity to obtain an estimate for any vertical spillover.  We find a negative relationship between upstream innovation and downstream manufacturing cost, but the linkage effect is statistically insignificant.  We suggest that further study should be pursued in a framework incorporating some concepts from organizational theory to better understand the differences in institutional structure that affect the adaptation and development of dual-use technologies, and the social setting that become necessary to achieve dual-use.  
An Urban-Spatial Analysis of the Women in the Informal Sectors of Greater Guwahati City of Assam, India
Authors: Bhuyan Zona
Published: February 2016

This article reflects the use of urban space by women in urban informal sectors in the city of Guwahati located in North East India. The population influx from across the borders in the aftermath of the partition has huge implications both on polity and on economy of the northeastern states in general and Assam in particular.Â  Importantly, the urban informal sectors have a sizeable share in terms of its significant contributions towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as generation of employment opportunities largely. Using a feminist perspective, the research is an attempt to investigate the engagement of women in the informal sector in greater Guwahati. Research findings reveal that the occupations of the women workers are location-specific, that is, the manufacturing sectors (textiles, food preparation, printing and skilled service) are mainly home/shop based production (fixed locations) whereas the service sectors (leisure, caring, elementary construction, elementary sales and cleaning occupation) operate at variable locations (construction sites, street pavements, marketplaces and other various locations). Further analysis shows that the informal sector is highly demand dependent and such demands are in the central business areas of the city, therefore informal sector services (skilled services and elementary services) are found to be located in and around the central areas of Guwahati city. Women operators in the informal sector are attracted to the central business district because of the many advantages that it enjoys relative to other parts of a city. The paper concludes by calling on policy makers and physical planning agencies to evolve more pragmatic strategies for urban development matters in order that urban informal sector activities can be integrated into urban development plans. Finally, further research is called for on how urban planners could redesign the urban space with appropriate consideration of the informal sector operators.
Globalisation, Urbanisation and Spatial Inequality in India with special reference to North East India
Authors: Saitluanga Benjamin L
Published: February 2016

Globalisation, an increasing international interaction in economic, political and cultural aspects, is a highly uneven set of processes whose impact varies over space, through time, and between social groups. On one hand, as globalisation seems to be an inevitable reality, many developing countries are restructuring their economies to receive and reap the benefits of widening and deepening global economic interactions. On the other hand, there are regions, which are increasingly excluded, and â€˜structurally irrelevantâ€™ to the current process of globalisation. Moreover, cities are at the core of development strategy of globalisation. While cities in developed countries are becoming centres of globally integrated organisation of economic activity, cities in developing countries are usually at disadvantage positions due to weak financial bases, low levels of technology as well as lack of infrastructural facilities and institutional factors.The present paper, in the limelight of these contradictions, analyses the differential impacts of economic globalisation in cities and regions of India in general and Northeast India in particular. It is noted that the ushering of globalisation through structural adjustment of the economy during the 1990s has disparate impacts on various cities and regions of the country. The paper also examines the infrastructural constraints of cities of Northeast India as well as the existing institutional arrangements to â€˜globaliseâ€™ the region through neoliberal reforms and investments.Â
Irom Chanu Sharmila and the Movement against Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA)
Authors: Sharma Aparajita
Published: February 2016

This paper, through the narratives of activists and Meira Paibis reiterates the sloganâ€”repeal the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), which is draconian and anti-people in spirit. The atroci-ty, which has been meted out on the people of Manipur because of this Act, is a profound violation of human rights. Rape, mindless killings, kidnapping, fake encounters have been normalised by virtue of this Act. The youths have been badly affected due to the conflict emerging out of this Act which treats people in Manipur as â€˜objectsâ€™ against the imagined boundaries of the Indian nation-state for security from the neighbouring nations. In this process, the lived experiences of the people have been pushed to the periphery against the massive motive of the state to protect bor-ders and the imagined nation, which is a direct offshoot of the legacy of colonialism in India. The paper has tried to capture the history of Manipur on a capsule to concretise the struggle of Irom Sharmila and the â€˜hopesâ€™ she gives to the people of Manipur for â€˜peaceâ€™ and â€˜justiceâ€™. Alongside, it makes a humble attempt to describe the â€˜lifeâ€™ of Irom Sharmila. In addition, it describes the rage of Manipuris, which have given rise to insurgency asking for â€˜freedomâ€™ through various platforms.
Women, Environment and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Khul Gad Micro Watershed of Kumoun Himalaya
Authors: Singh Suman
Published: February 2016

Women in the marginal areas of Uttarakhand have always played and continue to play a significant role in managing and operating most of the household and agricultural activities. They are the main subsistence provider in the hills and considered the backbone of hill agriculture. Their lives are intrinsically related to land, water, forest, which are the main components and integral parts of an eco-system. An adverse effect on any one of these components disturbs the other components due to strong linkages and interrelationship with each other and creates havoc on the life of people, especially women in the region. However, in recent years, environmental degradation, poor resource management and increased migration of men to the plains have deteriorated the livelihood options and added more workload to women of the region. The sufferings of the communities in these hilly areas are gradually increasing and their standard of living is declining because they have been neglected at both policy and practice levels by the government. The nexus between women, environment degradation and poverty are poorly understood and rarely treated in an integrated way. Therefore, the key objective of the present paper is to analyse the work participation of women operating at different sub-systems, impact of environmental degradation and role of women in sustaining the traditional agro-ecosystem in Khul Gad micro-watershed of Kumoun Himalaya.
Drinking Water in Guwahati City: Its Past, Present Status and Associated Problems
Authors: Bhattacharya Prasanta , Borah Rajashree
Published: February 2016

Guwahati is one of the fastest growing cities of Northeast India. The haphazard growth of the city has resulted in a chaotic situation, giving rise to circumstances not favourable to its residents in many aspects. Amongst these, drinking water is the most crucial problem confronting the resi-dents. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the availability of drinking water over a period of time in the city. In addition, it also attempts to understand the challenges of drinking wa-ter availability at present. Apart from consultation of secondary sources like archival data, local municipality body, primary data has been collected from three selected municipality wards based on their core, periphery and midpoint locations among the 60 wards of the city.
Income, Migration and Social Adjustment of the Tribal People in Tripura:A Case Study of the ‘Tripuri’ Tribe
Authors: Das Suman , Das Madhushree
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between income, migration and social adjustment of the migrated tribal people with special reference to the ‘Tripuri’ tribe of Tripura, India, with the help of primary data collected from structured interviews using a purposive sampling technique. The study reveals that the tribal people who migrated from their native places (rural areas) to urban areas, usually suburbs, have a better economic condition and a decent standard of living. Their livelihood patterns have changed after they have migrated to the urban areas. Here, their income levels have also increased along with expenditure. They live in small houses consuming less land, than they did in their native lands. Their standard of living is much below what they have expected before their decision to migrate. They find it difficult to adjust with the local people and the surroundings. The nature of employment in urban areas is such that the doors of the organised sector do not open to them easily. They are always last to be hired and first to be fired, and they usually get ill-paid jobs and do not have opportunities for education and training. Their children do not get adequate facilities to enrol in the good schools as the cost of living in the urban areas are very high. They are struggling hard socially and culturally to adapt and adjust in the new milieu far from their lush green land.
Buddhism in Sarnath: An Account of Two Chinese Travellers
Authors: Singh Anuradha
Published: February 2016

This paper aims to draw the religious life in Sarnath (and Varanasi) as accounted by the Chinese travellersâ€”Fa-Hien and Hiuen-tsang. The accounts not only talk about the stupas, pillars, statues built by King Ashoka; vihars and monks (bhikshus) living in those vihars but also contain the first preachings of Lord Buddha, establishment of Sangha and the story of Mrigajataka that remain significant. With the increased popularity of Buddha dharma in China, the Chinese were attracted towards travelling to India. They came to India mainly with the intentions to visit the places related to the fond memories of Lord Buddha, to study the Buddha religion and philosophy and carry the copies of the Buddhist compositions. Fa-Hien and Hiuen-tsang occupy significant places among these Chinese travellers. These accounts can be associated with ancient history as well as with historical geography, religion and philosophy. While Fa-hien in his journey details had described about the Buddha Empire, Hiuen-tsang highlighted the civilisation of India and its cultural landscape, albeit it has been often accepted by the historians that these accounts of their journeys should be considered as significant only when they are backed by historical evidences. They opine that these travellers were mainly influenced by the Buddha dharma and therefore, their accounts are liable to containing exaggerated journey details. It is true that the journey details contain few imaginary instances; nevertheless, these accounts have been validated by the remnants, stupas and vihars at the sites.
Research Methodologies: An Exciting Mixed Bag!
Authors: Raju Saraswati
Published: February 2016

There are many books and articles, which discuss a variety of social scientific research methods. As such, bringing out an issue on research methodologies may be somewhat questioned. However, our purpose here is somewhat different and twofold: to expose the readers to different subject fields with varying methodological concerns having specific disciplinary edges in one place and, in the process, indirectly touch upon the various possibilities while relooking afresh at existing research trends. The mixed bag thus deals with scholars directly pointing out the inadequacies of existing doctoral theses in the Indian universities on one hand to positioning the local in the historiography as one of the research concerns on the other.