bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico simulation of hyperoside, isoquercetin, quercetin, and quercitrin as potential antivirals against the pNP868R protein of African swine fever virus
Authors: Pandarangga Putri , Simarmata Yohanes T. R. M. R. , Liu Adi Berci Handayani , Haryati Dwi Ari Fitri
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) causes disease in pigs with up to 100% mortality rates. There is no effective vaccine to protect against it. This study aimed to perform in silico docking of ASF virus (ASFV) pNP868R protein with potential flavonoid ligands to identify ligands that interfere with mRNA cap formation.

Materials and Methods: The ASFV pNP868R protein was tested with hyperoside, isoquercetin, quercetin, and quercitrin in this in silico simulation. ASFV pNP868R protein was extracted from the Research Collaboration for Structural Bioinformatics P rotein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) database with PDB ID 7D8U (https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7D8U). Standard ligands were separated from proteins using UCSF Chimera 1.13. The standard ligand was redocked to protein using AutoDockTools 1.5.6 with the AutoDock4 method for validation. In the docking process, the grid box size was 40 × 40 × 40 Å3 with x, y, and z coordinates of 16.433, −43.826, and −9.496, respectively. The molecular docking process of the proposed ligand–protein complex can proceed if the standard ligand position is not significantly different from its original position in the viral protein’s pocket. The root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration (RoG) of the hyperoside with the lowest energy binding need to be analyzed with molecular dynamics using Groningen machine for chemical simulation 5.1.1.

Results: Molecular docking and dynamic simulation revealed that hyperoside had the most stable and compact binding to the pNP868R protein. Hyperoside binds to the protein at the minimum energy of −9.07 KJ/mol. The RMSD, RMSF, and RoG values of 0.281 nm, 0.2 nm, and 2.175 nm, respectively, indicate the stability and compactness of this binding.

Conclusion: Hyperoside is the most likely antiviral candidate to bind to the pNP868R protein in silico. Therefore, it is necessary to test whether this flavonoid can inhibit mRNA capping in vitro and elicit the host immune response against uncapped viral mRNA.

Keywords: hyperoside, isoquercetin, molecular docking, pNP868R, quercetin, quercitrin.
Exploring Push-Pull Factors Affecting Iranian Jews’ Emigration to Palestine, 1925-1954: A Social History Approach
Authors: Mousavi Dalini Javad , Yousefi Arash
Published: January 2024

One of the controversial issues in the twentieth century was the mass immigration of Jews around the world to Palestine/Israel. For the majority of Jews who immigrated from Europe to Palestine/Israel, immigration represented an ideological paradigm constituted by two significant factors, namely race/religion and land. However, for the large proportion of Jews coming from eastern territories, such as Iranian Jews, immigration was mainly a phenomenon affected by conflicts between socio-economic conditions in their countries of origin and those in the destination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emigration of Iranian Jews to Palestine by relying on a pull-push framework. The study argues that socio-economic turmoil in Iran and the unfavourable economic conditions affecting Jews, along with discrimination against them, were the push factors in their country of origin. Meanwhile, the pull factors in the destination were Palestine’s economic attractiveness, Jews’ need for an increasing Jewish population in Palestine to deal with Arab nations’ sanctions, and the importance of employing an incoming workforce to handle the country’s domestic problems in terms of economy, agriculture, and materials management in the first six years after the establishment of the Israel state.[Salah satu isu kontroversial di abad kedua puluh adalah imigrasi massal orang-orang Yahudi di seluruh dunia ke Palestina/Israel. Bagi mayoritas orang Yahudi yang berimigrasi dari Eropa ke Palestina/Israel, imigrasi mewakili paradigma ideologis yang dibentuk oleh dua faktor penting, yaitu ras/agama dan tanah. Namun, bagi sebagian besar orang Yahudi yang datang dari wilayah timur, seperti orang Yahudi Iran, imigrasi terutama merupakan fenomena yang dipengaruhi oleh kesenjangan antara kondisi sosial ekonomi di negara asal dan negara tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui emigrasi Yahudi Iran ke Palestina berdasarkan faktor-faktor pendorong-penariknya. Penulis berpendapat bahwa gejolak sosial-ekonomi di Iran dan kondisi ekonomi yang tidak menguntungkan orang-orang Yahudi, serta diskriminasi terhadap mereka, merupakan faktor pendorong di negara asal mereka. Sementara itu, faktor penarik dari destinasinya adalah daya tarik ekonomi Israel, kebutuhan masyarakat Yahudi akan peningkatan populasi Yahudi di Israel untuk menghadapi sanksi negara-negara Arab, dan pentingnya menambah tenaga kerja baru untuk menangani permasalahan domestik negara tersebut dari segi perekonomian. pertanian, dan pengelolaan material dalam enam tahun pertama setelah berdirinya negara Israel.]
Nyaki áttétet adó papillaris pajzsmirigyrák sebészi kezelésének eredményei – 5 éves anyagunk feldolgozása
Authors: Lévay Bernadett , Tóth Erika , Péter Ilona , Kiss Alexandra , Fröhlich Georgina , Dohán Orsolya , Boér András , Oberna Ferenc
Published: January 2024

A papillaris pajzsmirigyrák prognózisát a gyakori nyaki nyirokcsomóáttét-képzés
befolyásolja. Sebészi kezelésük minősége a betegek túlélését és a recidíva
előfordulási gyakoriságát is meghatározza. Az Országos Onkológiai Intézet
Fej-Nyaki Daganatok Multidiszciplináris Központjában a fej-nyak sebész szerzők
által 2013 és 2018 között operált, nyaki áttétet adó papillaris carcinomás
betegek adatait vizsgáltuk. 130, nyaki áttétet adó papillaris
pajzsmirgy-carcinomás beteg esetében az ATA (American Thyroid Association) 2015.
évi irányelvei alapján teljes pajzsmirigy-eltávolítást és nyaki
nyirokcsomó-dissectiót végeztünk. Az eltávolított anyagokat szövettani
feldolgozásra küldtük, vizsgáltuk a nyirokcsomóáttét(ek) arányát az életkor, a
nem, a tumor-multifokalitás, a kétoldaliság, a tokon kívüli terjedés, a nyirok-,
érinvázió függvényében. Elemeztük a műtét után fellépő szövődményeket is. 43
betegnél thyreoidectomia, totális és centrális nyaki dissectio (VI. régió), 87
esetben centrális (VI. régió) és laterális (II–V. régió) nyaki dissectio
történt. Átmeneti (6 hónapon belül normalizálódó) hypocalcaemia 30 betegnél
(23%), permanens hypocalcaemia 4 betegnél (3%) fordult elő. Átmeneti nervus
recurrens bénulás 12 esetben (9,2%), permanens bénulás 3 (2,3%) esetben történt.
A szövettani értékeléskor érbetörés és tokinvázió 75 betegnél (57,7%),
nyirokér-invázió 63 betegnél (48,5%), Hashimoto-thyreoiditis 51 betegnél (39,2%)
igazolódott. Microcarcinoma (1 cm-nél kisebb daganat) 43 esetben fordult elő
(33%). Az eltávolított nyirokcsomók átlagosan 48%-a volt áttétes. Ez csak a
tumormérettel mutatott szignifikáns korrelációt, az életkorral nem találtunk
összefüggést. Az oldaliság, a többgócúság, valamint a tok-, nyirokér- és
érinvázió, a Hashimoto-status és a beteg neme nem mutatott összefüggést az
áttétes nyirokcsomók számával. A túlélést befolyásolta a tok-, ér- és
nyirokér-invázió, valamint a tumorméret is. A nyaki áttétet adó, differenciált
pajzsmirigyrákos beteganyagunk kezelésében a kivizsgálási protokollt követően a
teljes pajzsmirigy-eltávolítás és a megfelelő régiókat tartalmazó nyaki
dissectio döntő fontosságú, a radiojód-terápiával kiegészítve az irányelveknek
megfelelő kezelési modul. A pajzsmirigydaganat a leggyakoribb endokrin daganatos
megbetegedés, melynek sebészi kezelése a multidiszciplináris terápia
legfontosabb eleme. 5 év alatt operált, nyaki áttétet is adó, differenciált
pajzsmirigyrákos beteganyagunkat feldolgozva ismertetjük eredményeinket az
olvasóval. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(3): 83–88.
Riscos à Saúde Do Homem, dos Animais e do Meio Ambiente Causados por Fogos de Artifício
Authors: Siqueira Célia Gomes de
Published: January 2024

A produção de fogos de artifício é antiga, mas se modernizou ao longo do tempo e tem novos usos. Porém, a atividade sempre trouxe muitos transtornos, desde acidentes simples até graves que podem levar à morte, além dos danos ambientais relacionados ao seu uso. Este trabalho realiza uma pesquisa descritiva sobre os danos causados ​​pelos fogos de artifício ao homem, aos animais e ao meio ambiente. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, medRXiv, MEDLINE, SciELO e Google Scholar e Google Scholar. Os resultados mostraram que, além da poluição sonora, o uso de fogos de artifício também está associado a danos à saúde não auditiva, como irritação, doenças cardiovasculares, danos à capacidade cognitiva e distúrbios do sono. O ruído afecta muitas espécies de anfíbios, artrópodes, peixes, mamíferos, moluscos e répteis, e pode afectar o ciclo reprodutivo das aves. O uso de fogos de artifício, além de estar relacionado a doenças respiratórias, devido à poluição do ar, pode causar reações comportamentais como estresse e ansiedade nos animais, além de pânico induzido por ruídos. Em alguns casos, com animais de estimação, apenas o uso de sedativos resolve o problema. O manuseio de fogos de artifício está relacionado a muitos acidentes que afetam principalmente os membros superiores e a face, causando queimaduras e até amputações, cujas principais vítimas são crianças. Apesar de todos os problemas relacionados com os fogos de artifício, as autoridades são flexíveis na sua utilização, principalmente porque estão associados a festividades em todo o mundo e, consequentemente, diretamente ligados ao turismo. É necessário um trabalho intenso e contínuo de educação preventiva.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of Pinus densiflora in the south of the Russian Far East during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene by pollen records
Authors:   The Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, Belyanin Pavel S. , Belyanina Nina I.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present work is to reconstruct the distribution of Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. in the south of the Russian Far East (SRFE) during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2) and the Holocene based by pollen records and chronological data. We found that P. densiflora did not grow in SRFE under cold and dry climate of the MIS 2. Warming in the Early Holocene caused the expansion of P. densiflora to the region. Under maximum warming during the Middle Holocene, P. densiflora range reached the Central Subregion of the SRFE. The cooling at the beginning of the Late Holocene caused the decrease of P. densiflora distribution in the SRFE. Under subsequent warming during the second half of the Late Holocene, Pinus densiflora has taken again a dominant position in the Southern and the Central subregions in the SRFE. During the last two centuries, P. densiflora range in the region began to degrade, due to the anthropogenic influence.
Altınözü İlçesinde Yetiştirilen Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) Genotiplerinin Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Yaralı Karakan Faika , Kılıç Ayhan , Ergun Çetin Berna
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışma, Hatay ilinin Altınözü ilçesinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan sarımsak genotiplerinin morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonunu yapmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda genotipler arasında bitki boyu, yalancı gövde çapı, yalancı gövde uzunluğu, yaprak uzunluğu, yaprak genişliği, baş ağırlığı, baş uzunluğu, baş genişliği ve diş ağırlığı değerleri bakımından Mayadalı genotipi ön plana çıkarken, Çetenli genotipi ise diş sayısı bakımından diğer genotiplerden daha yüksek değere sahip olmuştur. Genotiplerin baş kabuklarında zemin rengi beyaz ve beyaz-sarımsı, başların dip şekli girintili ve yuvarlak, dişlerde et rengi sarımsı ve beyaz, diş dağılımı düzenli ve düzensiz, dişlerde kabuk rengi pembe, mor ve kahverengi olarak belirlenmiştir. UPGMA metoduna göre oluşturulan ve genotipler arası genetik yakınlığı gösteren dendograma göre sarımsak genotipleri iki ana gruba ayrılmıştır. Altınözü ilçesinde yetiştirilen sarımsak genotiplerinin özgünlüğünün ortaya konması bakımından önem taşıyan araştırmada tespit edilen genetik çeşitliliğin yeni sarımsak çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Economic Analysis of Palm Kernel Nut Processing: Evidence from Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Aboaba Kazeem , Obalola Oyeyode , Akerele Dare , Afolayan Samson Oluwaseyi
Published: January 2024

Prior to ramping up advocacy for palm kernel nut processing as a means to diversify livelihood source, it becomes germane to look into the economic analysis of palm kernel nut processing as a way of proffering empirical based evidence on the status of the enterprise. The study was conducted in Ipokia Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. To select 40 palm kernel processors for the study, a multistage sampling approach was used. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the majority of processors were engaged in the extraction of palm kernel cake and oil from palm kernel nuts. Profit realized from the extraction of oil and cracking of palm kernel nut per ton per week was ₦57, 378.66 (USD 145.26) and ₦24, 775.11 (USD 62.72) with a return on investment of 1.37 and 1.32 respectively. Thus, the enterprise is profitable. In addition, the regression analysis showed that household size (p
New rock typing method for diagenetically modified carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Shvalyuk Elizaveta , Tchistiakov Alexei , Bah Nelson , Mukhametdinova Aliya , Ryabukhin Anton , Spasennykh Mikhail
Published: January 2024

The paper evaluates an efficiency of the existing rock typing methods for diagenetically modified carbonate reservoirs and proposes a new alternative rock typing index.
Four existing rock typing techniques are applied to the target formation, subjected to considerable diagenetic alterations. Applied techniques do not provide sufficient results in terms of reliable correlation between porosity, permeability and irreducible water saturation, which is crucial for geological modelling. Therefore, a new rock typing index named KØS and calculated as a function of permeability (k), porosity (φ) and irreducible water saturation (Swir) is proposed for proper characterization of the carbonate formation. Contribution of depositional and diagenetic processes and associated microfeatures into parameters of the index is demonstrated by means of X-ray microCT and NMR experimental data.
Comparative analysis of the proposed index with the existing ones shows that the KØS-derived rock types demonstrate the highest correlation coefficients between the key reservoir parameters. The defined rock types have distinguishable microstructures that confirm validity of the rock classification approach.
All the entities of the KØS index are used for reserves calculations and commonly measured during routine core analysis: this enables its implementation at the most carbonate fields.
Using the vronskian to analyse the thermogram of a producing well
Authors: Zakirov Marat F. , Valiullin Rim A.
Published: January 2024

The functional dependence of thermograms in producing wells has been studied in order to determine the initial temperature distribution along the wellbore. Information about the initial thermal field makes it possible to ensure the reliability of solving the problem of determining the operating intervals in production wells. In this paper, we propose a method for isolating the linear dependence on the thermogram profile in the intervals of the absence of fluid movement (in the sump of a working and along the trunk of an idle well) by constructing a special function – the vronskian. In this paper, it is established that the use of the vronskian can be used to restore the geothermal distribution, as well as to obtain the value of the geothermal gradient and temperature in the analysis of the thermogram. To discuss the possibilities of the proposed method, three cases were used: a model and two thermograms in a real field study. The first option considered is a synthetic thermogram with a quasi-stationary mode of operation of the well. In the second and third cases, the results of thermometric studies in the well with a short-term inflow from the reservoir with the same and different lithological structure of the intervals in the sump are presented. The obtained algorithm can be used to isolate the intervals of linear dependence during express processing of registered thermograms in order to obtain quantitative parameters of the operation of the borehole-formation system.
Analytical and semi-analytical methods for modeling liquid inflow to a horizontal well (review)
Authors: Nasybullin Arslan V. , Morozov Petr E. , Shamsiev Marat N. , Shaikhrazieva Laisan R. , Sayakhov Vadim A. , Denisov Oleg V. , Shaidullin Lenar K.
Published: January 2024

The efficiency of using horizontal drilling technology largely depends on a number of factors, including the geological structure of the productive formation, fracturing, anisotropy, heterogeneity, porosity, and permeability. This necessitates the design of the process of oil inflow to the horizontal section of the well. The article presents analytical and numerical methods used in modeling liquid inflow to horizontal and multilateral wells. The main attention is paid to taking into account the anisotropy of reservoir permeability, the trajectory of the horizontal wellbore and hydraulic pressure losses due to friction.
БИОРЕЗОРБИРУЕМЫЕ КОСТНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ: СОСТОЯНИЕ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors:   ФГБУ «НМИЦ хирургии им. А.Н. Вишневского», Губочкина А.А.
Published: January 2024

Приводится анализ состояния медицинских изделий в формах гелей, паст, гранул и порошков, используемых для заполнения костных дефектов некритичных размеров и разрешенных к применению на территории Российской Федерации (РФ). Несмотря на ведущиеся в данной области разработки, большая часть костных заменителей представлена алло- и ксеногенными материалами: в сумме они составляют 30% от общего числа всех зарегистрированных в РФ медицинских изделий в форме гелей, паст, гранул и порошков и 42% – от числа изделий, имеющих российское производство. В малом количестве представлены материалы с функциональными добавками (антибиотики и факторы роста) – 8% от общего числа всех зарегистрированных в РФ медицинских изделий. Обращается внимание на то, что, несмотря на многолетнюю практику клинического применения ауто-, алло- и ксеноимплантатов, ни один из них не является идеальным материалом. Ведутся исследования по дозам добавляемых микроэлементов и соотношений антибиотиков в зависимости от выбираемого состава (каркаса) с природными или синтетическими полимерами, что оказывает существенное влияние на эффективность высвобождения функциональных добавок. Поиски компонентов и композиций, обеспечивающих все необходимые для костного заменителя свойства, продолжаются.
Chemical Composition Study of Ancient Glass Products Based on Machine Learning and Clustering Algorithm
Authors: He Zehua , Wu Yufeng
Published: January 2024

The measurement of the chemical composition of ancient glass artifacts has far-reaching consequences for archaeological work and chemical research and has aroused scholars' curiosity. The goal of this paper is to understand the differences in chemical composition between different weathering types and different glass types, to discover statistical patterns of intrinsic chemical composition content, and to develop prediction and classification models between chemical composition and glass types and weathering types. To ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, this study evaluates many machine learning models and selects the one that best matches prediction and classification. Cluster analysis is then used to sub-classify the known glass kinds in order to provide the framework for future work on the categorization of glass goods. Neural networks were used with principal component analysis to create a mathematical model to generate a fitted function picture between glass kinds and chemical compositions. As a result, valuable suggestions for future chemical studies and archaeological investigations were made. Finally, glass product chemical composition correlations were examined to investigate the variations in chemical composition correlations across various categories.
Çevresel Mikroplastik Analizlerindeki Geri Kazanımı Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Bir Ön Çalışma
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İrem , CİNCİ Dilara , ERASLAN Fatma Nur , BHAT Mansoor Ahmad , GAGA Eftade , GEDİK Kadir
Published: January 2024

Mikroplastikler (MP’ler); fizikokimyasal özellikleri, yapısal bileşenleri, kirleticilere yönelik taşıyıcı rolü ve muhtemel sağlık etkileri nedeniyle küresel bir endişe olarak dikkat çekmektedir. MP varlığı, seviyesi ve dağılımına odaklanan araştırmalarda, analizlerdeki kalite güvencesi bağlamında sertifikalı referans malzeme veya standart metot henüz oluşturulamadığından geri kazanım çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toprak ve hava ortamındaki MP analizlerine yönelik geri kazanım verimliliğinin analit ekleme yaklaşımıyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Geri kazanım çalışmaları, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi kampüsü bahçesinden alınan toprak ve bina iç ortamından alınan toz numunelerinin 1-5 mm boyut aralığında olacak şekilde elenerek sayı veya kütle bazında polietilen (PE) türü (<1000 µm) mikroplastiklerin eklenmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sırasıyla, yoğunluk ayrımı (NaCl, 1.2 g/cm3) ve organik giderimi (%30 H2O2) gibi bir dizi deneysel süreçten geçen numunelerdeki muhtemel MP’ler stereo mikroskopla görsel olarak incelenmiş ve sonrasında Zayıflatılmış toplam yansıma (ATR)-Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektrometresi ile tanımlanmıştır. Toprak ve toz numunelerinde sırasıyla, 57-4989 µm ve 36.2-2636 µm arasında değişen boyutlarda, ortalama 1.43±0.574 adet/g ve 5500±2531 adet/g düzeyinde, yoğun olarak lif ve parça şeklinde, Polietilen, Tencel, Poliasetilen (>%70 eşleşme oranı) türü MP tespit edilmiştir. Geri kazanım çalışmalarında, numunelere kütlece PE eklenen denemelerde ortalama %75, sayıca PE eklenen denemelerde ise %100 geri kazanım oranına ulaşılmıştır. MP analizlerine etki eden faktörler açısından değerlendirmenin de yapıldığı geri kazanım çalışmaları, güncel literatür bağlamında öneriler oluşturularak irdelenmiştir.
Orman Yangını Sonrası Oluşan Hasarın ve Hava Kirletici Parametrelerin İzlenmesi: Çanakkale Yangını Örneği
Authors: AKYÜREK Özer
Published: January 2024

Ormanlar, sahip olduğu biyoçeşitlilik ile sağladığı katkılar açısından yeryüzünün vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır. Gezegenimizin üçte birine yayılmış durumda olan ormanları etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin başında yangınlar gelmektedir. Orman yangınları yeryüzündeki doğal afetler içerisinde neden oldukları yıkıcı etkiler ile öne çıkmakta, ayrıca çok önemli bir gaz ve aerosol kaynağı olarak nitelendirilmektedirler. Orman yangınlarının takibi, afet izleme ve önleme açısından son derece önemli bir durumdur. Son yıllarda yangınların takibinde sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama, veri toplama, analiz ve yorumlama bakımından öne çıkan yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışma, 22 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde Çanakkale’de meydana gelen ve 3 gün süren orman yangınının Sentinel–2 ve 5P uzaktan algılama görüntüleri ve CBS yardımıyla analizine odaklanmaktadır. Analizin sonuçları, yangından etkilenen toplam alanın 4191.93 hektara (ha) yayıldığını ve çok çeşitli Arazi Örtüsü / Kullanımı sınıflarını kapsadığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, ormanlar ve tarım arazileri bu bölgede en belirgin hasarı görmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca yangın sonrasında atmosfere yayılan kirletici maddelerin yoğunluğunu gösteren Aerosol indeks değeri ve Azot dioksit (NO2) hava kirliliği parametreleri izlenmiş ve uydu görüntüleri aracılığıyla konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Kaydedilen en yüksek NO2 konsantrasyonu yangının son günü olan 24 Ağustos’ta 0.02624702 mol/m² olarak tespit edilmiştir. Üç günlük toplam atmosfere yayılan NO2 değeri ise 0.06020184 mol/m² olarak belirlenmiştir.
Kentsel Gelişme Alanlarında Deprem Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÖK Seyran Büşra , YAVAŞ Merve
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı planlama ve jeoloji ilişkisinin göz önünde bulundurularak, makro ölçekli verilerin mikro ölçekli verilerle entegre edilmesi ve depreme karşı yerele özgü bir risk modelinin ortaya konmasıdır. Ayrıca deprem riskine yönelik planlama sisteminde eşgüdümsel bir bakış açısının geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Türkiye’de deprem riski yüksek kentlerden biri olan Erzurum’da, özellikle yeni gelişme alanlarında ve kentsel mekânın şekillenmesi sürecinde afetin ne kadar göz önünde bulundurulduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemini kentsel deprem risklerinin belirlenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılan çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemine bağlı literatür çalışmaları oluşturmuştur. Özellikle Japonya tarafından kullanılan “Birleşik Risk Modeli” kriterleri temel alınarak, Erzurum’da gelişimi imar faaliyetleriyle devam eden Osmangazi Mahallesi için Bina Çökme Riski Derecelendirme Haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu haritaya göre çalışma alanında toplam imar ada sayının %1.39’unun çok düşük riskli, %48.59’unun düşük riskli, %41.25’inin orta riskli, %6.29’unun yüksek riskli ve %2.09’unun çok yüksek riskli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Erzurum’da yeni gelişme alanlarındaki imar koşulları ve yapılaşma faaliyetlerinin deprem riskini artırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Research on power equipment troubleshooting based on improved AlexNet neural network
Authors: Xu Fangheng , Liu Sha , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2024

Power equipment is an important component of the whole power system, so that it is obvious that it is required to develop a correct method for accurate analysis of the infrared image features of the equipment in the field of detection and recognition. This study proposes a troubleshooting strategy for the power equipment based on the improved AlexNet neural network. Multi-scale images based on the Pan model are used to determine the equipment features, and to determine the shortcomings of AlexNet neural network, such as slower recognition speed and easy overfitting. After knowing these shortcomings, it would become possible to improve the specific recognition model performance by adding a pooling layer, modifying the activation function, replacing the LRN with BN layer, and optimizing the parameters of the improved WOA algorithm, and other measures. In the simulation experiments, this paper's algorithm was compared with AlexNet, YOLO v3, and Faster R-CNN algorithms in the lightning arrester fault detection, circuit breaker fault detection, mutual transformer fault detection, and insulator fault detection improved by an average of 5.47 %, 4.69 %, and 3.42 %, which showed that the algorithm had a better recognition effect.
Research on estimation and control methods of natural frequency of irregular building structure vibration
Authors: Song Guicai
Published: January 2024

With the continuous increase in the number of irregular buildings, ensuring the safety of building structures has become the primary concern. The study used finite element analysis to estimate the natural frequency of vibration of irregular building structures, and further designed a fuzzy control algorithm combined with magnetorheological dampers to improve their seismic performance. The research results showed that the longitudinal and transverse natural frequencies of Model 1 were 10.44 Hz and 10.51 Hz, respectively, while those of Model 2 were 10.31 Hz and 9.89 Hz, respectively. Using the fuzzy control method, the peak displacement of the building structure was reduced to 11.64 cm, and the peak acceleration was 7.9 m/s2. Comparing the open-plus-closed-loop control with open-loop control methods, it was found that although the fluctuation amplitude of the open-loop control method was relatively large, its control effect was poor, while the open-plus-closed-loop control methods had good overall control effect, with the peak acceleration of 8.26 m/s2 in the open-loop control. The study provides an accurate method for estimating the natural vibration frequency of irregular building structures and demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed fuzzy control algorithm in controlling building vibration.
A gear fault diagnosis method based on variational mode decomposition and multi-scale discrete entropy
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Yongqi , Chen Yang , Shen Qian , Dai Qinge
Published: January 2024

Aiming at monitoring of gearbox faults, a gear fault feature extraction method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multi-scale discrete entropy (MDE) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the gear fault signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic modal function (IMF) by VMD with selected parameters; Secondly, the decomposed IMF are extracted by MDE feature extraction method to form a feature sample set; Finally, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) is used to classify the data set after feature extraction. The experiment results show that the proposed method owns the higher fault diagnosis accuracy than the traditional multi-scale entropy methods.
Seismic performance of soft rock tunnel under composite support conditions
Authors: Wu Xiuwen , Lv Nan
Published: January 2024

In order to effectively improve the seismic and impact resistance performance of soft rock tunnels, a composite support method was proposed and validated in the paper. The UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) model of soft rock layers was established, and the movement and subsidence characteristics of the roof and floor of the rock layers under impact loads was simulated and calculated. As a result, a composite support scheme with good cushioning performance was proposed. The top and sides of the tunnel were supported by a combination of anchor rods of different lengths and metal mesh, reinforced by steel beams and vibration absorbing filler around. The anchor rod was designed as a segmented loading structure, and can be set to different preloading forces based on the internal deformation of the rock layer. The dynamic response testing scheme was designed, and the results indicate that the segmented loading anchor rod has a significant buffering effect on the response to impact load, and can provide reasonable tension feedback at different stages. Research has found that when the water cement ratio is 0.5-1.5, the curing efficiency and strength are both higher. In order to compare the seismic performance of composite support and traditional constant resistance anchor rod support, local blasting experiments were conducted. Based on a blasting vibration tester, a data detection and transmission system were designed to obtain the vibration speed of the tunnel roof during the vibration process. The research results show that composite support can reduce the maximum vibration by more than 40 %, stabilize the fragmentation coefficient at 1.38, and have a very significant vibration reduction effect.
Prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading based on Neural network
Authors: Yang Yanxin , Lin Ziyun , Lu Hua , Zhan Xudong , Ma Shihui
Published: January 2024

In light of inherent errors associated with the existing methods for predicting lateral spreading of liquefied soil during earthquakes, a novel approach has been proposed. Based on the Newmark sliding block method, a neural network model has been trained to calculate lateral liquefaction displacement, which was achieved by compiling a substantial dataset and establishing a comprehensive seismic motion database. Taking into consideration six input features to train the sensitivity model, based on the sensitivity analysis, a predictive model for liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was developed include three parameters, moment magnitude, peak ground acceleration and yield acceleration. This model was then compared to empirical lateral spreading prediction models. The results demonstrate that this model shows notable concurrence with the existing empirical models. Additionally, using 22 well-documented cases of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, three high-quality models were employed to predict residual shear strength of the soil. Notably, this novel model surpasses the performance of empirical liquefaction-induced lateral spreading prediction models.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on variational mode decomposition and weighted multidimensional feature entropy fusion
Authors: Lei Na , Huang Feihu , Li Chunhui
Published: January 2024

Since bearing fault signal in complex running status is usually characterized as nonlinear and non-stationary, it is difficult to extract accurate affluent features and achieve effective fault identification via conventional signal processing tools. In this article, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis technique based on variational mode decomposition and weighted multidimensional feature entropy fusion is proposed to address this issue, which is mainly composed of three procedures. First, the original signal undergoes the variational model decomposition. Next, the signal features are extracted by weighted multidimensional feature entropy as the input of the diagnosis model. Finally, the classification is performed by a convolutional neural network. The method is applied in simulation and experimental analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed method, which demonstrates strong immunity to noise and robustness, can more effectively and adaptively extract the fault features of rolling bearings and achieve the goal of identifying the rolling bearing fault category and damage degree under variable operating conditions. Meanwhile, this approach exhibits superior accuracy and identification performance to some similar entropy-based hybrid approaches referred to in this article, with a promising prospect in industrial application.
How Important is the Metal-free Catalytic Knoevenagel Reaction in
Medicinal Chemistry? An Updated Review
Authors: Johari Suzaimi , Johan Mohd Rafie , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari
Published: January 2024

The Knoevenagel condensation is a powerful and primary step for the development
of carbon-carbon bond transformations. These condensations offer versatile products/
intermediates for diverse uses in polymers, cosmetics, chemical industries, and medicinal
chemistry. Various homogenous and heterogenous catalysts have been found to
promote the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, both environmentally and economically.
Due to their attractive use in the production of pharmaceutical drugs, they are proven to be
the main force that drives the synthesis involving numerous multi-component and multistep
reactions. The present study, therefore, aims to summarise reported Knoevenagel
condensation reactions using metal-free catalysts resulting in pharmaceutically useful
compounds with anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, and anti-
bacterial activities. By considering factors like their structure-activity relationships
(SARs), the reaction conditions, and the steps involved, as well as the advantages and limitations
of the particular approach, we also provide a general framework and direction in
order to achieve superior characteristics of the catalyst.
The Possible Roles of β-alanine and L-carnosine in Anti-aging
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Mujawdiya Pavan Kumar , Lysiuk Roman , Shanaida Mariia , Peana Massimiliano , Piscopo Salva , Beley Nataliya , Dzyha Svitlana , Smetanina Kateryna , Shanaida Volodymyr , Resimont Stephane , Bjorklund Geir
Published: January 2024

β-alanine (BA), being a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is an important constituent
of L-carnosine (LC), which is necessary for maintaining the muscle buffering capacity
and preventing a loss of muscle mass associated with aging effects. BA is also
very important for normal human metabolism due to the formation of a part of pantothenate,
which is incorporated into coenzyme A. BA is synthesized in the liver, and its combination
with histidine results in the formation of LC, which accumulates in the muscles
and brain tissues and has a well-defined physiological role as a good buffer for the pH
range of muscles that caused its rapidly increased popularity as ergogenic support to
sports performance. The main antioxidant mechanisms of LC include reactive oxygen
species (ROS) scavenging and chelation of metal ions. With age, the buffering capacity
of muscles also declines due to reduced concentration of LC and sarcopenia. Moreover,
LC acts as an antiglycation agent, ultimately reducing the development of degenerative
diseases. LC has an anti-inflammatory effect in autoimmune diseases such as osteoarthritis.
As histidine is always present in the human body in higher concentrations than BA,
humans have to get BA from dietary sources to support the required amount of this critical
constituent to supply the necessary amount of LC synthesis. Also, BA has other beneficial
effects, such as preventing skin aging and intestinal damage, improving the stress--
fighting capability of the muscle cells, and managing an age-related decline in memory
and learning. In this review, the results of a detailed analysis of the role and various beneficial
properties of BA and LC from the anti-aging perspective are presented.
Artesunate Inhibits the Growth of Insulinoma Cells via SLC7A11/
GPX4-mediated Ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Fengping , Lu Jiexia , Zheng Biaolin , Yi Nan , Xie Chunxiao , Chen Feiran , Wei Dafu , Jiang Haixing , Qin Shanyu
Published: January 2024

Background:

Artesunate (ART) has been recognized to induce ferroptosis in various tumor phenotypes,
including neuroendocrine tumors. We aimed to investigate the effects of ART on insulinoma and the underlying
mechanisms by focusing on the process of ferroptosis.

Methods:

The CCK8 and colony formation assays were conducted to assess the effectiveness of ART. Lipid
peroxidation, glutathione, and intracellular iron content were determined to validate the process of ferroptosis,
while ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was employed as the inhibitor of ferroptosis. Subcutaneous tumor models were
established and treated with ART. The ferroptosis-associated proteins were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry
assays. Pathological structures of the liver were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results:

ART suppressed the growth of insulinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Insulinoma cells treated by ART
revealed signs of ferroptosis, including increased lipid peroxidation, diminished glutathione levels, and ascending
intracellular iron. Notably, ART-treated insulinoma cells exhibited a decline in the expressions of catalytic
component solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). These alterations
were negated by Fer-1. Moreover, no hepatotoxicity was observed upon the therapeutic dose of ART.

Conclusion:

Artesunate might regulate ferroptosis of insulinoma cells through the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Deoxycholic Acid-chalcone Conjugates as
Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Patel Sejal , Mishra Satyendra
Published: January 2024

The present article reports the synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity
of the chalcone-deoxycholic acid conjugates. The structures of the synthesised bile acidchalcone
conjugates have been determined using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. According
to the results of the DPPH experiment, compounds 5e (3, 4, 5-methoxy; IC50; 15.04 μg
/ml) and 5f (4-hydroxy group; IC50; 11.73 μg /ml) had higher antioxidant activity than the
control compound ascorbic acid (IC50; 20.72 μg /ml). The best conjugate was found to be
5f in the DPPH test (IC50: 11.73 μg /ml; 4-hydroxy group), while the best conjugate in the
ABTS assay was found to be 5g (IC50: 67.97 μg /ml; pyridine group). It is straightforward
to synthesize a huge library of bile acid-derived compounds and employ them in comprehensive
structure-activity relationship investigations to identify the compounds with the
best antioxidant activity.
Use of Network Pharmacology and Experiment Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of Jianshen Lishui Prescription in the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Gao Yu-Guang , Huang De-Qing , Zhong Jie , Ma Yu-Juan , Yang Kan , Liao Yu-Xiong , Zhu Qiong , Liu Qi-Qi
Published: January 2024

Background:

As a Chinese medicinal formula, the Jianshen Lishui prescription has
been clinically proven to be effective in treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Yet, the mechanisms
involved are unknown.

Methods:

Network pharmacology analysis: It involved the screening of active components in
the Jianshen Lishui prescription, identification of potential targets for these components, and the
screening of ICH-related targets. Common targets for both disease and drug were identified. Protein-
protein interaction networks were constructed, followed by further screening of core targets.
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on these core targets. Finally, molecular
docking verification was carried out using the active components and core targets. Experimental
verification: It was conducted using a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. This involved observing
neurological deficit scores in the rats and measuring cerebral water content. The effects of
Jianshen Lishui prescription on the neurological function, cerebral water content, and brain tissue
core targets were observed through HE staining, Western blot and qPCR.

Results:

(1) In this study, 29 common targets were obtained by intersecting 256 potential drug
targets and 642 genes associated with ICH. 9 core targets were obtained by employing the protein-
protein interaction (PPI) construction system to screen more specific targets. In addition, the
findings revealed that the molecular mechanism of Jianshen Lishui prescription in treating ICH
was mainly related to cancer signaling pathways and signal transduction pathways, based on the
results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular docking results showed that the active
constituent of Jianshen Lishui prescription mannitol has the highest binding activity with KRAS,
luteolin, and Poria sterol with AR, INS1 and KRAS, cerebrosterol with GNB1, INS 1 and ESR1,
and sitosterol with AR, INS1 and KRAS. (2) Animal experiments verified that Jianshen Lishui
prescription significantly alleviated encephaledema and improved nerve functions of the rat model
of ICH. And INS1 expression levels were upregulated and the expression levels of AR, KRAS,
PTGS2, and ESR1 were down-regulated by the prescription.

Conclusion:

Jianshen Lishui prescription protects the nerve function of ICH patients by inhibiting
inflammation and reducing cerebral edema. This study provides more supportive evidences
for the clinical use of traditional Chinese prescriptions in ICH treatment.
The Role of Innate Immunity in Osteoarthritis and the Connotation of
"Immune-joint" Axis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kuang Gaoyan , Tan Xuyi , Liu Xin , Li Naping , Yi Nanxing , Mi Yilin , Shi Qiyun , Zeng Fan , Xie Xinjun , Lu Min , Xu Xiaotong
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that results in constriction of the joint
space due to the gradual deterioration of cartilage, alterations in subchondral bone, and synovial
membrane. Recently, scientists have found that OA involves lesions in the whole joint, in addition
to joint wear and tear and cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis is often accompanied by a subclinical
form of synovitis, which is a chronic, relatively low-grade inflammatory response mainly
mediated by the innate immune system. The “immune-joint” axis refers to an interaction of an
innate immune response with joint inflammation and the whole joint range. Previous studies
have underestimated the role of the immune-joint axis in OA, and there is no related research.
For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the existing evidence on the influence of innate
immune mechanisms on the pathogenesis of OA. The innate immune system is the body's first
line of defense. When the innate immune system is triggered, it instantly activates the downstream
inflammatory signal pathway, causing an inflammatory response, while also promoting
immune cells to invade joint synovial tissue and accelerate the progression of OA. We have proposed
the concept of the "immune-joint" axis and explored it from two aspects of Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and modern medical research, such as the innate immunity and
OA, macrophages and OA, complement and OA, and other cells and OA, to enrich the scientific
connotation of the "immune-joint" axis.
Nuclear Factor Kappa B: A Nobel Therapeutic Target of Flavonoids
Against Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Singh Ashini , Mayank
Published: January 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common brain-related neurodegenerative disorder,
is comprised of several pathophysiological mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation,
aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein, and synaptic loss in the substantia
nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain. Misfolded alpha-synuclein, originating from damaged
neurons, triggers a series of signaling pathways in both glial and neuronal cells. Activation
of such events results in the production and expression of several proinflammatory cytokines via
the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Consequently, this cascade of
events worsens the neurodegenerative processes, particularly in conditions, such as PD and
synucleinopathies. Microglia, astrocytes, and neurons are just a few of the many cells and tissues
that express the NF-κB family of inducible types of transcription factors. The dual role of NF-κB
activation can be crucial for neuronal survival, although the classical NF-κB pathway is important
for controlling the generation of inflammatory mediators during neuroinflammation.
Modulating NF-κB-associated pathways through the selective action of several agents holds
promise for mitigating dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and PD. Several naturally occurring
compounds in medicinal plants can be an effective treatment option in attenuating PD-associated
dopaminergic neuronal loss via selectively modifying the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways.
Recently, flavonoids have gained notable attention from researchers because of their remarkable
anti-neuroinflammatory activity and significant antioxidant properties in numerous neurodegenerative
disorders, including PD. Several subclasses of flavonoids, including flavones, flavonols,
isoflavones, and anthocyanins, have been evaluated for neuroprotective effects against in
vitro and in vivo models of PD. In this aspect, the present review highlights the pathological role
of NF-κB in the progression of PD and investigates the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids
targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway for the prevention and management of PD-like
manifestations with a comprehensive list for further reference. Available facts strongly support
that bioactive flavonoids could be considered in food and/or as lead pharmacophores for the
treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated PD. Furthermore, natural flavonoids having potent
pharmacological properties could be helpful in enhancing the economy of countries that cultivate
medicinal plants yielding bioactive flavonoids on a large scale.