bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Internet TV Industry Ecosystem Based on Data Mining Technology
Authors: He Jie
Published: March 2022

While the Internet provides people with convenience, it also comes with security concerns. Users can more easily form groups, distort facts, and contribute to some sensitive topics on the internet. As a result, identifying and analyzing users’ online behaviors are critical. This paper creates a new Internet TV industry ecosystem using DM (data mining) technology. The recommendation system model is established based on data from users’ on-demand viewing behavior across the entire network, and the functions of various system modules and their coordination ability are described in detail. The evolution of users’ online time is examined, providing data to support and explain the prediction analysis of users’ click behavior and the analysis of users’ search intent. The type of web page that the user clicks on can reveal the user’s behavior tendency.
FAM117A Is a New Prognostic Marker of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Predicts Sensitivity to PD0332991
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhang Jiajin , Wang Kuan , Fan Mengjiao , Hu Yi
Published: March 2022

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause for cancer mortality worldwide. Accelerated cell cycle progression is a well-characterized hallmark for cancer. The present study aims to identify biomarkers for clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients and their sensitivity to CDK inhibitors. To this end, bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was first performed to identify survival-related genes; cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, flow cell cytometry, western blot, EDU labelling, and xenograft models were then used to confirm the potential roles of the identified factors. Our results identified the decreased FAM117A expression as the most significant survival related factor for poor outcome. The cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase was suppressed upon FAM117A overexpression and was promoted upon FAM117A knockdown. Accordingly, the tumor cell growth induced by FAM117A depletion was completely blocked by treatment with PD0332991, which has been approved for cancer therapy. In summary, our work identified FAM117A as a new prognostic marker for poor outcomes of lung cancer patients, predicting sensitivity to PD0332991 treatment.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Strategy for Predicting Therapy Targets of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium on Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: Jiang Shisheng , Huang Chaoming , Wang Shulin , Huang Biyun , Wu Dan , Zheng Guodong , Cai Yi
Published: March 2022

Objective. Through a network pharmacology method, we screened the main active compounds of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), constructed a drug‐ingredient‐disease‐target network, explored the molecular mechanism of its treatment of myocardial hypertrophy, and validated it by using molecular biology approach. Methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and GeneCards were utilised to collect the effective component in CRP and the targets of CRP and myocardial hypertrophy. The STRING database constructed the protein interaction network. The drug‐ingredient‐disease‐target network was outlined by the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using the Metascape database. Real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting were utilised to determine the mRNA and protein level of the critical targets of CRP therapy for myocardial hypertrophy. Results. We found that five practical components of CRP exerted therapeutic effects on myocardial hypertrophy by modulating 41 targets. Further analysis revealed that naringenin was the essential active compound in CRP that regulated myocardial hypertrophy. In addition, we showed that the active compounds of CRP might exert antihypertrophy effects via regulating essential target proteins such as AKT1‐, MAPK3‐, PPARA‐, PPARG‐, and ESR1‐mediated signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, nuclear receptor activation, and oxidative stress. The molecular biology experiments demonstrated that naringenin inhibited the mRNA level of NPPA and NPPB induced by Ang II and regulated related targets such as AKT1, MAPK3, PPARA, PPARG, and ESR1. Conclusion. CRP could inhibit myocardial hypertrophy through multitarget and multiapproach.
LINC-DUBR Suppresses Malignant Progression of Ovarian Cancer by Downregulating miR-107 to Induce SMAC Expression
Authors: Han Zhehui , Li Dan , Yang Yun , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2022

Background. LINC-DUBR may be a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer (OC). The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of miR-107 on the tumorigenicity of OC and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods. RT-qPCR was adopted to measure the expression of LINC-DUBR and miR-107 in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. CCK-8 assays and transwell chamber assays were conducted to evaluate the impacts of LINC-DUBR and miR-107 on the proliferation and invasion of human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). In addition, we determined the relationship between LINC-DUBR, miR-107, and SMAC using TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay. The protein expression of SMAC was determined by western blot. Results. Compared with normal tissues and cells, LINC-DUBR was downregulated and miR-107 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC-DUBR inhibited the cell proliferation and invasive ability in OC cells SKOV3. The luciferase reporter assay proved overexpression of LINC-DUBR repressed cells proliferation and invasion via binding to miR-107 in ovarian cancer. In addition, we found that SMAC was downregulated directly by miR-107 in ovarian cancer. miR-107 mimic significantly increased cell proliferation and invasiveness of SKOV3, while overexpressed SMAC eliminated this effect. Furthermore, miR-107 could regulate the XIAP/caspase-3 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer by targeting SMAC. Conclusion. LINC-DUBR suppressed malignant progression of ovarian cancer by downregulating miR-107 to induce SMAC expression and involving in the XIAP/caspase-3 signaling pathway.
Analysis of Wear Behaviour of AA5052 Alloy Composites by Addition Alumina with Zirconium Dioxide Using the Taguchi-Grey Relational Method
Authors: Gugulothu Bhiksha , Sankar S. Lakshmi , Vijayakumar S. , Prasad Adina Srinivasa Vara , Thangaraj M. , Venkatachalapathy M. , Rao T.V.Janardhana
Published: March 2022

The present study deals with preparation of Al hybrid metal matrix composites by the stir casting technique. In this work, Al5052 alloy was selected as the main metal which reinforces with zirconium dioxide and aluminium oxide. The wear test has been conducted on the POD apparatus. 9 specimens are produced by varying reinforcements’ percentage for conduction of tests. The amount of ZrO2 reinforcement is fixed to 8wt%, while the concentration of Al2O3 varied from 5wt% to 10wt%. The parametric optimization of wear behaviour is done through the Taguchi method with L9 orthogonal array. Minitab statistical software helped to find SN ratio and ANOVA reading for each parameter: load (N), sliding speed (rpm), and wt% of reinforcements. From the ANOVA outcome, the load parameter is the highest influencing element that improves wear resistance of made samples around 46%, followed by weight% of reinforcement 29% and sliding speed 26% as second and third influenced parameters, respectively.
Dendrite Refinement and Improved Mechanical Properties of SiC/TiC/Al Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Hui , Lv Jinze
Published: March 2022

Hybrid nano-(SiCp + TiCp)/Al composites were fabricated by liquid ultrasonic assisted semisolid stirring processing. The eutectic silicon of Al matrix changes from acicular to fine granular with addition of nanoparticles and the dendrite size of primary α-Al decreases with increased nanoparticles. After adding the hybrid nanoparticles with 3 vol%, the minimum average dendrite size can be refined to 30 μm. EDS analysis shows that nano-SiCp and -TiCp particles are uniformly dispersed in Al matrix. The YS and UTS of the composites have reached 200 MPa and 228 MPa, respectively, which are increased by 34.1% and 33.3%, respectively. The elongation of the composites has reached 9.8%, which is increased by 40%. The strengthening mechanism of hybrid nano-(SiCp + TiCp)/Al composites is mainly Orowan strengthening and minorly Hall–Petch strengthening, and the effect of load transfer strengthening is the least.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Malocclusion Caused by Facial Multiple Fracture
Authors: Arai Daishi , Yasue Akihiro , Horiuchi Shinya , Tanaka Eiji
Published: March 2022

In the case of multiple facial fractures, a simple open reduction occasionally causes various disorders during healing process after the surgery. Moreover, esthetic disturbance of a facial deformity might be induced. Therefore, the acquisition of facial symmetry and the recovery of occlusal and masticatory functions become increasingly important. This case report presents a successful treatment of facial multiple fracture induced by a car accident. A 20-year-old male was diagnosed with suffered multiple midface and mandibular fractures induced by a car accident. Midface fractures included the LeFort I and II type fractures, as well as sagittal fracture at midline and fractures from right maxillary sinus anterior wall to orbital wall. In the mandible, midline and left body fractures were detected. The patient underwent open reduction and rigid fixation of the fractured left zygoma, comminuted LeFort I and II fractures, and midline and left body of the mandible with intermaxillary fixation by multibracket appliance; maxillary osteotomy with iliac bone grafting; orthognathic two-jaw surgery with coronoid process grafts onto the depressed zygoma; and onlay graft of hydroxyapatite block on mandible. As the result, the multidisciplinary treatments successfully recover functions and esthetics to the satisfactory level of the patient with multiple facial fractures. As treatments for multiple facial fractures are required complexity due to the extent of trauma, multidisciplinary approach under the close cooperation between hospital departments is thought to be important.
Family Education Optimization from the Perspective of Complex Discrete Computational Thinking
Authors: Gao Wentian , Chen Guangwei
Published: March 2022

Family education relationship is a general term for all the relationships that occur around family education activities. The establishment of family education relationship plays an important role in the activity process and effect of family education and will have a profound impact on children's physical and mental development. The study of family education relationship is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the study of family education theory. In order to enhance the effectiveness of family education, it is an objective requirement of theory and practice to rationally analyze and optimize the contemporary family education relationship from the perspective of communication theory. The introduction of communication theory into the field of family education will help to change the actual situation of lack of communication and barrier in contemporary family education relationship and also provide a new idea and perspective for the research and solution of other related problems in family education. Starting from the research and discussion of the basic theory of the relationship between communication and family education, this paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of family education relationship in detail, analyzes and examines the family education relationship in history, and establishes a basic understanding of family education relationship. On the basis of the research of the relevant basic theories, the paper explores and analyzes the current situation and reasons of the lack of communication and the blocking of the contemporary family education relationship. From the perspective of communication, it investigates the contemporary family-educational relationship, clarifies that the basic structure of the family-educational relationship is the unity of the internal interpersonal organizational relationship structure, the psychological relationship structure, and the activity process structure, and examines the current situation of the basic structure one by one. This paper proposes that, with the development of the times and society, the contemporary family education relationship has a huge development compared with the historical family education relationship, reflecting the characteristics of the times such as democracy, but there is still a lack of communication and barriers. Then it analyzes the various concrete manifestations of the lack of communication and the blocking situation in the contemporary family education relationship and its adverse consequences to family education. This paper verifies the influence of computational thinking on the optimization mechanism of family education and demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of computational thinking in family education. This optimizes the family education mechanism from the perspective of computational thinking and provides a research case with reference value for follow-up research.
Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with Hypertension in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Zishuo , Li Hongli , Xu Qin , Long Yanli
Published: March 2022

Previous studies evaluating the association between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adult population showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association. Observational studies which evaluated the relationship between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adult population with multivariate analyses were identified by systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model which incorporated the potential intrastudy heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis. A total of six observational studies with 14189 adults were included, and 3577 of them were breakfast skippers. Pooled results showed that skipping breakfast was independently associated with hypertension in these populations (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 1.33,

P
<
0.001

) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Sensitivity by excluding one study at a time showed consistent results (OR: 1.18 to 1.22, all

P

<0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adults was consistent in the general population and in patients with type 2 diabetes, in studies from different countries, in cohort and cross-sectional studies, in breakfast skippers defined as taking breakfast ≤3 days/week and as self-reported habitual breakfast skipping, and in studies with and without adjustment of body mass index (

P

for subgroup difference, all

P

>0.10). In conclusion, skipping breakfast is associated with hypertension in the adult population.
Detecting Latent Topics and Trends in Global Publications on Brucellosis Disease Using Text Mining
Authors: Dastani Meisam , Mardaneh Jalal , Pouresmaeil Omid
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Brucellosis is widespread globally and one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Therefore, to fully comprehend the disease and discover ways of prevention and treatment, researchers have conducted some research in this field. Hence, this study will focus on the topic trend of scientific publications of brucellosis. Methods. This study is an applied research using text mining techniques with an analytical approach. The statistical population of the present research is all global publications related to brucellosis. For data extraction, the Scopus citation database was used in the period from 1900 to 2020. The main keywords for search strategy design have been extracted from consultation with thematic specialists and using MESH. Python programming language has been applied to analyze data and implement text mining algorithms. Results. According to results, eight main topics of “Prevention,” “Clinical symptoms,” “Diagnosis,” “Control,” “Treatment,” “Immunology,” “Structural Features,” and “Pathogenicity” have been identified for brucellosis publications. Moreover, the topics “Prevention” and “Pathogenicity” had the highest and lowest prevalence in the field of brucellosis over time, respectively. Conclusion. This study has revealed the topics published in the global publications of brucellosis; the findings can be useful for research centers and universities in determining research priorities in the field of brucellosis.
Predicting the Risk of Mortality in Children using a Fuzzy‐Probabilistic Hybrid Model
Authors: Rey Corsino , Mayordomo-Colunga Juan , Gobergs Roberts , Balmaks Reinis , Vivanco-Allende Ana , Concha Andrés , Medina Alberto , Colubi Ana , González-Rodríguez Gil
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The mortality risk in children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) is usually estimated by means of validated scales, which only include objective data among their items. Human perceptions may also add relevant information to prognosticate the risk of death, and the tool to use this subjective data is fuzzy logic. The objective of our study was to develop a mathematical model to predict mortality risk based on the subjective perception of PICU staff and to evaluate its accuracy compared to validated scales. Methods. A prospective observational study in two PICUs (one in Spain and another in Latvia) was performed. Children were consecutively included regardless of the cause of admission along a two‐year period. A fuzzy set program was developed for the PICU staff to record the subjective assessment of the patients’ mortality risk expressed through a short range and a long range, both between 0% and 100%. Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28 (TISS28) were also prospectively calculated for each patient. Subjective and objective predictions were compared using the logistic regression analysis. To assess the prognostication ability of the models a stratified B‐random K‐fold cross‐validation was performed. Results. Five hundred ninety‐nine patients were included, 308 in Spain (293 survivors, 15 nonsurvivors) and 291 in Latvia (282 survivors, 9 nonsurvivors). The best logistic classification model for subjective information was the one based on MID (midpoint of the short range), whereas objective information was the one based on PIM2. Mortality estimation performance was 86.3% for PIM2, 92.6% for MID, and the combination of MID and PIM2 reached 96.4%. Conclusions. Subjective assessment was as useful as validated scales to estimate the risk of mortality. A hybrid model including fuzzy information and probabilistic scales (PIM2) seems to increase the accuracy of prognosticating mortality in PICU.
3D Reconstruction and Rendering Models in Urban Architectural Design Using Kalman Filter Correction Algorithm
Authors: Wang Kaihong , Guan Xuelun
Published: March 2022

In a virtual 3D city scene, a 3D building model is a must-have element. A 3D reconstruction and rendering algorithm is described in this paper. Model geometry and texture data are simplified separately using LOD model technology. Half-folded mesh algorithm is used to simplify geometric data, while wavelet algorithm is used to compress texture data. Both methods reduce the amount of data that must be stored as well as the amount of data that must be transmitted over the network. To improve the response time of the original algorithm, a Kalman filter correction algorithm is used to optimize the 3D reconstruction beam adjustment algorithm. In this paper, the experimental scheme is used to assess the method. Experiments show that the algorithm reduces the number of primitives drawn by the system while preserving the important geometric features of the scene’s building model. It can also effectively reduce the workload of drawing 3D scenes, improve computer productivity, and reduce computer hardware requirements. This technique is well suited to rendering large-scale 3D urban scenes.
Neglected Stress Fracture of the Second Proximal Phalanx in a Teenage Triathlete
Authors: Tejero Sergio , Durán-Garrido Francisco Javier
Published: March 2022

We present a case of nondiagnosed comminuted stress fracture of the base of the proximal phalanx associated with flexor digitalis longus rupture in a teenage athlete. To our knowledge, there is no description in the literature of such a combination of injuries due to delayed diagnosis and incorrect treatment, including injections in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the second toe. The present article focuses on the importance of clinical suspicion of this rare lesion to achieve early diagnosis and avoid surgical treatment. Finally, the surgical technique used to treat this uncommon injury in the chronic phase, which yielded an excellent outcome in this teenage athlete, is described.
SMARCA2/BRM-Deficient Undifferentiated/Rhabdoid Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Tono Yasutaka , Sukeno Koushi , Tsunoda Akira , Saito Kanako , Yamashita Yoshiki , Usui Miki , Uchida Katsunori , Imai Hiroshi , Mizuno Toshiro , Tawara Isao
Published: March 2022

Undifferentiated neoplasms of unknown primary sites are rare. It is difficult to identify their characteristics and determine the appropriate chemotherapy regimen to be used. Undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma is reportedly associated with loss of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, such as observed in SMARCA4-deficient tumors. However, little is known about SMARCA2/BRM-deficient tumors. A 48-year-old man presented with low back pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed intraperitoneal lymph nodes and multiple bone metastases that invaded the thoracic and lumbar spinal canals. The primary tumor was not identified despite the standard diagnostic methods being used. CT-guided needle biopsy of right iliac bone metastasis showed that the tumor had an undifferentiated/rhabdoid morphology. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor was SMARCA2/BRM-deficient despite both SMARCB1/INI1 and SMARCA4/BRG being retained. We found no genomic alterations during domestic next-generation sequencing panel profiling, which can identify 114 genes. Thus, he was diagnosed with SMARCA2/BRM-deficient undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma of an unknown primary site with multiple bone metastases and intraperitoneal lymph node metastasis. We administered radiotherapy to the thoracic and lumbar spine to improve cord compression, and carboplatin (CBDCA) and paclitaxel regimen was chosen as first-line chemotherapy, but this was discontinued due to an anaphylactic shock. We then selected the CBDCA and gemcitabine regimens; however, the patient did not continuously receive the regimen due to myelosuppression. Radiation therapy effectively relieves pain and cord compression. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SMARCA2/BRM-deficient undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma of an unknown primary site. Further studies are needed to improve SWI/SNF-deficient tumor identification methods.
Validity of Weekly Administration of Carboplatin after Carboplatin-Induced SIADH: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Fujitsuka Suguru , Horikawa Naoki , Yoshida Teruki , Yu Sae , Kuroda Ryosuke , Tsuji Mitsuru , Umemiya Maki , Gou Rei , Inayama Yoshihide , Tani Hirohiko , Kosaka Kenzo
Published: March 2022

Chemotherapy-induced severe hyponatremia is a life-threatening condition. Platinum-based agents play a key role in ovarian cancer treatment but are more likely to cause hyponatremia than other anticancer agents. The optimal strategy for treating ovarian cancer in cases of severe platinum agent-induced hyponatremia remains unclear. We encountered 2 patients with ovarian cancer who developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) after chemotherapy with involved carboplatin. Case 1 was a recurrent ovarian clear-cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination, and the patient developed severe hyponatremia due to SIADH on day 5 after receiving triweekly docetaxel and carboplatin (DC) therapy. The chemotherapy regimen was changed to weekly DC therapy, and she completed six cycles of regimen without electrolyte disturbance or tumor recurrence. Case 2 was a newly diagnosed advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, stage IIIC, with a BRCA1 mutation. She developed SIADH on day 8 after receiving triweekly paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) therapy as adjuvant therapy after primary debulking surgery. The regimen was changed to weekly TC therapy, and she completed the schedule of chemotherapy without electrolyte disturbance and transitioned to maintenance therapy with a PARP inhibitor. In conclusion, weekly carboplatin administration might be a promising alternative to triweekly carboplatin administration after the development of carboplatin-induced SIADH.
Metabolic Regulation of Fibroblast Activation and Proliferation during Organ Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Sudan , Liang Yan , Dai Chunsun
Published: March 2022

Background: Activated fibroblasts are present in the injury response, tumorigenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation in a variety of tissues and myriad disease types. Summary: During normal tissue repair, quiescent fibroblasts transform into a proliferative and contractile phenotype termed myofibroblasts and are then lost as repair resolves to form a scar. When excessive levels are reached, activated fibroblasts proliferate and produce large amounts of extracellular matrix, which accumulates in the interstitial space of different organs. This accumulation leads to fibrotic dysfunction and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. To date, there are limited effective treatments for these conditions. Cellular metabolism is the cornerstone of all biological activities. Emerging evidence shows that metabolic alterations in fibroblasts are important for the activation process and illness progression. These discoveries, along with current clinical advances showing decreased lung fibrosis after targeting specific metabolic pathways, thus offer new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most recent knowledge of the major metabolic changes that occur during fibroblast transition from quiescent to activated states and the evidence linking alterations in fibroblast metabolism to the pathobiology of several common fibrotic diseases and tumor-related diseases. Key Messages: Metabolic disorders are associated with the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Interfering with fibroblast metabolism may be a promising therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis and other fibrosis-related diseases.
Developments in Exercise Capacity Assessment in Heart Failure Clinical Trials and the Rationale for the Design of METEORIC-HF
Authors: Lewis Gregory D. , Docherty Kieran F. , Voors Adriaan A. , Cohen-Solal Alain , Metra Marco , Whellan David J. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Böhm Michael , Teerlink John R. , Heitner Stephen B. , Kupfer Stuart , Malik Fady I. , Meng Lisa , Felker G. Michael
Published: March 2022

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a highly morbid condition for which exercise intolerance is a major manifestation. However, methods to assess exercise capacity in HFrEF vary widely in clinical practice and in trials. We describe advances in exercise capacity assessment in HFrEF and a comparative analysis of how various therapies available for HFrEF impact exercise capacity. Current guideline-directed medical therapy has indirect effects on cardiac performance with minimal impact on measured functional capacity. Omecamtiv mecarbil is a novel selective cardiac myosin activator that directly increases cardiac contractility and in a phase 3 cardiovascular outcomes study significantly reduced the primary composite end point of time to first heart failure event or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF. The objective of the METEORIC-HF trial (Multicenter Exercise Tolerance Evaluation of Omecamtiv Mecarbil Related to Increased Contractility in Heart Failure) is to assess the effect of omecamtiv mecarbil versus placebo on multiple components of functional capacity in HFrEF. The primary end point is to test the effect of omecamtiv mecarbil compared with placebo on peak oxygen uptake as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing after 20 weeks of treatment. METEORIC-HF will provide state-of-the-art assessment of functional capacity by measuring ventilatory efficiency, circulatory power, ventilatory anaerobic threshold, oxygen uptake recovery kinetics, daily activity, and quality-of-life assessment. Thus, the METEORIC-HF trial will evaluate the potential impact of increased myocardial contractility with omecamtiv mecarbil on multiple important measures of functional capacity in ambulatory patients with symptomatic HFrEF.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03759392.
Judicializing Environmental Governance? The Case of Transnational Corporate Accountability
Authors: Bertram Daniel
Published: March 2022

The transnational scope of corporate activities often results in extraterritorial environmental harm elsewhere on the planet. Within the European context, two legal developments are challenging this state of affairs. First, several legislative initiatives seek to establish due diligence standards for corporate activities along global supply chains. Second, domestic courts increasingly assume jurisdiction over environmental damage arising from corporations’ subsidiary operations abroad. This article argues that both these developments are emblematic of the transnationalization and judicialization of environmental governance in the twenty-first century. Rather than providing particularized relief only, national judges may become crucial allies in the construction and enforcement of polycentric regimes. However, the advent of unilateral judicial interventions in the environmental affairs of other countries also raises concerns over the international and institutional legitimacy of the emerging corporate accountability apparatus.
How Do Local Subjectivities Interfere with the Domestic Enforcement of International Laws on Corruption in Selected Regions of Tanzania?
Authors: Madaha Rasel
Published: March 2022

Although Tanzania has ratified several international laws on corruption, the domestic enforcement of such laws remains problematic. Some social structures that sustain corruption in the country continue to exist. The article is informed by the theory of constructivism of international law. Some insights from cultural relativity theory, clashing moral values theory of corruption, Critical Theorist paradigm, and anti-colonial discursive framework have also been useful in informing the article. Using ethnographic longitudinal case study methodology, this article explores local subjectivities that interfere with the domestic enforcement of International laws on corruption in selected regions of Tanzania. The study has also attempted to answer the following question: can international law on corruption influence the local context and actors in an attempt to eliminate corruption in Tanzania? The key finding is that the presence of systemic corruption and local subjectivity hinders the fight against corruption. In turn, the situation hinders the domestic enforcement of international law. The study also highlights that the fifth phase government adopted an anti-corrupt cultural approach to address corruption in Tanzania. The cultural approach enabled Tanzania to attain significant achievements in the fight against corruption. In this regard, the study recommends a cultural approach to the elimination of corruption. The focus should be on creating an anti-corruption culture through good governance and democratization. The paper adds to the scholarship on cultural studies, development studies, human rights, African studies, governance, international law, and international relations.
Before Ethnicity: Reading Sindh between Religion, Race, Language, and Nation
Authors: Rajani Shayan
Published: March 2022

The ethnicity concept frames discussions of regional politics in Pakistan today, as in many other parts of the world. However, this concept only became established in popular and academic discourse in Pakistan in the late 1980s. This article considers the conceptual apparatus for apprehending the region, in particular the region of Sindh, that was in place before ethnicity. It argues that Sindh was a heterogeneous idea articulated at times at the intersection, and at other times in the divergence, of concepts of religion, race, language, and nation. The article considers three historic moments in the context of broad global transformations: Sindh’s communalization and racialization in the nineteenth century; provincialization in the early twentieth century; and finally its culturalization in the early decades of Pakistan’s history. In doing so, it charts a history of the region before ethnicity and also offers a genealogy of the region as a cultural entity.
Analysis of the Formation of an Aneurysm in Arteries Through Finite Element Modeling Using Hyper-Elastic Model
Authors: Dutta Neelotpal , Mathur Garvit , Talha Mohammad
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the stress patterns and deformation in an artery with an aneurysm under a variation of pressure. An aneurysm occurs when a weak portion of artery wall bulges out under pressure. To make a proper treatment decision, one must understand the formation and growth of
the condition. In this article, finite element analysis of the formation of fusiform aneurysms in arteries is presented using the hyperelastic material model by employing ANSYS. We present the effect of different blood pressures in the deformation of the weakened arterial wall and also compare
it with a normal artery. This work can be used as a reference for research in this area.
Use of Graphene as Augmenting Component in Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Singholi Ajay K. S. , Varshney Raja , Sharma Kartikey
Published: March 2022

This paper looks into the metal matrix composites of graphene and structural metals. In this we look into the major production processes to produce graphene nanolayers with or without any substrate and also compare the production rate of each of these process. It also compares and interprets the result of different studies conducted in the field of composites. The structural metals that are compared in this paper are Aluminium and Copper due to extensive research done with these materials and has proven that these composites tend to have a stable structure and better physical as well as mechanical properties than the pristine metal.
Development of a Machine Learning-Assisted Model for the Early Detection of Severe COVID-19 Cases Combining Blood Test and Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters
Authors: Huang Xiaoqi , Shi Ke , Zhou Jie , Liang Yudong , Liu Yaliang , Zhang Jinpin , Guo Youmin , Jin Chenwang
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
 This study aimed to identify severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases combining blood test results and imaging parameters based on a machine learning classifier at the initial admission.

Materials
and methods:
 Ninety-five non-severe and 22 severe laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases treated between January 23, 2020 and March 25, 2020 were examined in this retrospective trial. Blood test results and chest computed tomography (CT) images were obtained at the initial
admission. The lesions on CT images were segmented using an artificial intelligent (AI) tool. Then, quantitative CT (QCT) parameters, including the volume, percentage, ground glass opacity (GGO) percentage and heterogeneity of the lesions were calculated. Correlations of blood test results
and QCT parameters were analyzed by the Pearson test first. Then, discriminative features for detecting severe cases were selected by both the independent samples t test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Next, support vector machine (SVM),
Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), Knearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and multi-layer perceptron-neural net (MLP-NN) algorithms were used as classifiers, and their accuracies were assessed by 10-fold-cross-validation.

Results:

Blood test indexes and CT parameters were moderately to medially correlated. Of all selected features, lesion percentage contributed mostly to the classification of the two groups, followed by lesion volume, patient age, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, GGO percentage and tumor heterogeneity.
RF-assisted identification had the highest accuracy of 91.38%, followed by GNB (87.83%), KNN (87.93%), SVM (86.21%), MLP-NN (85.34%) and DT (84.48%).

Conclusions:
 The RF-assisted model combining blood test and QCT parameters is
helpful in the identification of severe COVID-19 cases.
Big Data Analysis and Management of Healthcare Systems for Hacker Detection Based on Google Net Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Pradeep D. , Sundar C.
Published: March 2022

In recent times, Hacking has turn out to be more unfavorable than ever in all life fields, including the healthcare systems, with an increasing usage of information technology. By the expansion of technology development, the attacks number is too rising every few months in an exponential
manner, which in turn makes the conventional IDS incapable to perceive. A healthcare system network intrusion detection method is proposed depending on the Google NET convolution neural network (Google NET). In healthcare system databases, intrusion detection (KDDs) can be seen as a search
issue, which might be solved with the use of Google NET CNN algorithms. After pre-processing and characterizing the healthcare system data (including Electronic Health Records (EHR), Medical imaging data, Electronic Medical Records (EMR), etc.), the Google NET CNN model is used to simulate
the intrusion into the healthcare system data. The low-level data intrusion is signified conceptually as the superior features with Google NET CNN, which in turn extracts the sample features separately, and by using MFO, network parameter is optimized (algorithm of optimization to meet the
representation. At last, a sample test is conducted for the detection of healthcare system network intrusion behavior. The simulation outcome illustrate that the proposed technique has high accuracy on detection and a lower false-positive rate along with true positive rate.
Solving the Prosthesis Modeling for Skull Repair Through Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Shih Cheng-Ting , Cheng Chen-Yang , Lin Yu-Cheng
Published: March 2022

Cranial defects can result in compromised physical protection for the brain and a how risky the brain infection is. Cranioplasty is commonly performed by doing the bone graft onto the deficient area or areas and/or using the metal to support them for restoring the cranial cavity integrity
and maintain the physiological intracranial pressure stability. Nowadays, the suitable shape of skull prosthesis can be created and operated precisely and efficiently during cranioplasty process, because the technological development of additive manufacturing or 3D printing. Additive manufacturing
has great potential in regard to addressing irregular cranial defects because it can be used to create customized shapes rapidly. However, an unsuitable cranial prosthesis that made from synthetic polymer or a metal implantation will cause a serious infections, and required additional surgery.
This paper proposes a geometric model of skull defects by using the superellipse and Differential Evolution (DE). The defects of skill bones in each tomography slice can be modeled by superellipse. The DE optimizes the parameters of superellipse to emulate and compensate the suitable curvature.
In a rapid 2D image process and 3D cranial model construction system, the clinical surgeons’ ability is determining, processing, and implanting a customized prosthesis for patients just in a short time in surgery and with maximum surgical quality, especially in emergency cases.
The COMBLE Campaign: A Study of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds in Arctic Cold-Air Outbreaks
Authors: Geerts Bart , Giangrande Scott E. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Xue Lulin , Abel Steven J. , Comstock Jennifer M. , Crewell Susanne , DeMott Paul J. , Ebell Kerstin , Field Paul , Hill Thomas C. J. , Hunzinger Alexis , Jensen Michael P. , Johnson Karen L. , Juliano Timothy W. , Kollias Pavlos , Kosovic Branko , Lackner Christian , Luke Ed , Lüpkes Christof , Matthews Alyssa A. , Neggers Roel , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Powers Heath , Shupe Matthew D. , Spengler Thomas , Swanson Benjamin E. , Tjernström Michael , Theisen Adam K. , Wales Nathan A. , Wang Yonggang , Wendisch Manfred , Wu Peng
Published: March 2022

One of the most intense air mass transformations on Earth happens when cold air flows from frozen surfaces to much warmer open water in cold-air outbreaks (CAOs), a process captured beautifully in satellite imagery. Despite the ubiquity of the CAO cloud regime over high-latitude oceans, we have a rather poor understanding of its properties, its role in energy and water cycles, and its treatment in weather and climate models. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) was conducted to better understand this regime and its representation in models. COMBLE aimed to examine the relations between surface fluxes, boundary layer structure, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties, and mesoscale circulations in marine CAOs. Processes affecting these properties largely fall in a range of scales where boundary layer processes, convection, and precipitation are tightly coupled, which makes accurate representation of the CAO cloud regime in numerical weather prediction and global climate models most challenging. COMBLE deployed an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility at a coastal site in northern Scandinavia (69°N), with additional instruments on Bear Island (75°N), from December 2019 to May 2020. CAO conditions were experienced 19% (21%) of the time at the main site (on Bear Island). A comprehensive suite of continuous in situ and remote sensing observations of atmospheric conditions, clouds, precipitation, and aerosol were collected. Because of the clouds’ well-defined origin, their shallow depth, and the broad range of observed temperature and aerosol concentrations, the COMBLE dataset provides a powerful modeling testbed for improving the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in large-eddy simulations and large-scale models.
Blocking Simulations in GFDL GCMs for CMIP5 and CMIP6
Authors: Liu Ping , Reed Kevin A. , Garner Stephen T. , Zhao Ming , Zhu Yuejian
Published: March 2022

The frequency of atmospheric blocking has been largely underestimated by general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Errors in the onset, persistence, barotropicity, geographical preference, seasonality, intensity, and moving speed of global blocking were diagnosed in 10 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GCMs for recent CMIP5 and CMIP6 using a detection approach that combines zonal eddies and the reversal of zonal winds. The blocking frequency, similar at 500 and 250 hPa, is underestimated by 50% in the Atlantic–Europe region during December–February but is overestimated by 60% in the Pacific–North America region during that season and by 70% in the southwest Pacific during July–August. These blocking biases at 500 hPa were investigated in the five CMIP6 models that showed improvements over the CMIP5 versions. The Atlantic–Europe underestimate corresponds to lower instantaneous blocking rates, lower persistent blocking rates, and higher persistent stationary ridge rates; the number of blocks with a duration of 4–5 days is only 40%–65% of that in observations. In contrast, the overestimate consists of excessive blocks with a duration longer than 12 days in the Pacific–North America and up to twice as many 4–6-day events in the southwest Pacific. Simulated December–February blocks up to 12 days in the Pacific–North America region tend to be stronger and to move more slowly than those in observations. Diagnostic sensitivity tests indicated that the zonal mean and zonal eddy components of the mean state play a key role, as replacing each with that of observations substantially reduced many of the outstanding biases in these GCMs.
Obesity Does Not Increase Risk for Mortality in Severe Sepsis Trauma Patients
Authors: Tay-Lasso E. , Grigorian A. , Lekawa M. , Dolich M. , Schubl S. , Barrios C. , Nguyen N. , Nahmias J.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity in the United States is up to 40% in adults. Obese patients with severe sepsis have a lower mortality rate compared with normal body mass index (BMI) patients. We hypothesized that trauma patients with severe sepsis and obese BMI will have a decreased mortality risk in comparison with normal BMI patients.

Methods

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2017) was queried for adult trauma patients with documented BMI and severe sepsis. Patients were grouped based on BMI: non-obese trauma patients (nOTP) BMI <30 kg/m2 and obese trauma patients (OTP) ≥30 kg/m2. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis of mortality.

Results

From 1246 trauma patients with severe sepsis, 566 (42.4%) were nOTP and 680 (57.6%) were OTP. OTP had increased length of stay (LOS) (19 vs 21 days, P < .001), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (13 vs 18 days, P < .001) and ventilator days (10 vs 11 days, P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, when compared to normal BMI patients, patients who were overweight (OR 1.11 CI .875-1.41 P = .390), obese (OR .797 CI .59-1.06 P = .126), severely obese (OR .926 CI .63-1.36 P = .696) and morbidly obese (OR 1.448 CI 1.01-2.07 P = .04) all had a similar associated risk for mortality compared to patients with normal BMI.

Conclusion

In adult trauma patients with severe sepsis, this national analysis demonstrated OTP had increased LOS, ICU LOS, and ventilator days compared to nOTP. However, patients with increasing degrees of obesity had similar associated risk of mortality compared to trauma patients with severe sepsis and a normal BMI.
Prevalence and Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Prognosis in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Koniari Ioanna , Papageorgiou Angeliki , Artopoulou Eleni , Velissaris Dimitrios , Mplani Virginia , Kounis Nicholas , Hahalis George , Tsigkas Grigorios
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the cardiovascular outcomes and prognosis in patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC). The pathophysiological basis of TTC is set on the release of catecholamines, occurring post an emotional or stressful event. The cardiovascular system of patients with TTC is affected by the high concentrations of catecholamines, creating the ideal background for the development of AF: inflammation, myocardial stress, and excessive sympathetic activity. AF is considered to be the most frequent arrhythmia in TTC patients and is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. AF is also linked with a worse prognosis concerning the hemodynamic status, cardiac fibrosis, lethal arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and adverse heart failure associated outcomes. The early diagnosis of AF in these patients plays significant role in the prevention of adverse events, the reversibility of left ventricular function, and the restoration of sinus rhythm.
Psychostimulants as antidepressants: Their nuanced role?
Authors: Parker Gordon
Published: March 2022

While effectively the ‘first antidepressants’, the psychostimulants are rarely prescribed as antidepressant drugs seemingly in light of their judged low effectiveness, side effects, tolerance as well as concerns about dependency and abuse. Recent meta-analyses do find some support for them as being effective antidepressants for those with major depression, but they have not been closely evaluated in terms of their specific nuanced role for treating treatment-resistant (unipolar and bipolar) melancholic depression. The author has so prescribed them for over a decade and offers a case for their benefits for a distinct percentage of those with such conditions and notes their relatively few side effects.