bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age and sex-specific associations of carotid pulsatility with small vessel disease burden in transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke
Authors: Lau Kui Kai , Pego Petra , Mazzucco Sara , Li Linxin , Howard Dominic PJ , Küker Wilhelm , Rothwell Peter M
Published: July 2018

Background

Although large artery stiffness has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease, whether carotid pulsatility, a convenient surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, is similarly associated with global burden of small vessel disease is unknown.

Aims

To determine the age and sex-specific associations of carotid pulsatility with global burden of small vessel disease.

Methods

We studied consecutive patients with transient ischemic attack or non-disabling ischemic stroke from the Oxford Vascular Study who had a brain MRI and carotid duplex ultrasound during 2002–2014. We determined clinical correlates of common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) pulsatility index (PI) and their associations with the total small vessel disease score on MRI, stratified by age (median = 72).

Results

In 587 patients, correlates of CCA and ICA-PI were both independently associated with age, diabetes, and premorbid mean pulse pressure after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (all p < 0.05). ICA-PI was strongly associated with small vessel disease markers and burden, particularly lacunes, in patients aged<70 (age and sex-adjusted odds ratio of top vs. bottom pulsatility index quartile: 5.35, 1.95–14.70, p = 0.001; increasing small vessel disease score: 2.30, 1.01–5.25, p = 0.048), but not in patients aged ≥ 70 ( p > 0.05). No associations between CCA-PI with small vessel disease score were noted at any age. In 94 consecutive patients who also received transcranial Doppler ultrasound, strong associations between middle cerebral artery (MCA)-PI and an increasing small vessel disease score were noted (unadjusted OR–MCA: 4.26, 1.45–12.55, p = 0.009; ICA: 2.37, 0.81–6.87, p = 0.11; CCA: 1.33, 0.45–3.96, p=0.61).

Conclusions

ICA and MCA-PI are associated with global small vessel disease burden, especially in individuals aged<70 and may be causally related.
US-based social media use and American life: A study of Chinese students’ acculturation and adaptation in America
Authors: Yang Chen
Published: July 2018

This study investigated how the use of major US-based social media is related to the acculturation and adaptation among Chinese students in America. Survey data collected from 408 respondents showed that more frequent Facebook and Twitter use activities contributed to higher acculturation, whereas more frequent responses received on the two Social Networking Services led to better adaptation. Online network sizes have more robust effects on the acculturation than on adaptation. Implications about how social media use may affect their online network subgroups were also discussed.
Market State and Investment Strategies: Evidence from the Indian Stock Market
Authors: Maheshwari Supriya , Dhankar Raj S.
Published: July 2018

This study contributes to the growing literature on momentum and overreaction effect by investigating the same within the framework of the Indian stock market. Based on the most adopted methodology that employs monthly data, the empirical results derived confirm the existence of momentum and long-term overreaction effect in the Indian stock market. The overall results from the study are consistent with DeBondt and Thaler (1985) and Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) findings for the US stock market. In addition, we tested the profitability of momentum and contrarian strategies under different market states. The results indicated a strong relationship between the state of the market and momentum profitability, wherein strong momentum profits were observed following an ‘up’ market. On the contrary, long-term contrarian strategies were found to be stronger following a ‘down’ market in the Indian stock market. The market-dependent asset pricing model failed to explain excess momentum profits in the Indian stock market. The evidence from the study provides partial support to various behavioural models to explain these effects in the Indian stock market. However, there exists a need to develop a single behavioural model that could explain these anomalies completely in the emerging markets like India.
Book review: S. Umit Kucuk, Brand Hate: Navigating Consumer Negativity in the Digital World
Authors: Jeesha Krishnan
Published: July 2018

S. Umit Kucuk, Brand Hate: Navigating Consumer Negativity in the Digital World, 2016, Palgrave Macmillan, 141 pp., €57,19, ISBN: 978-3-319-41518-5 (Hardcover). ISBN: 978-3-319-41519-2 (eBook).
Unplanned hysterectomy following myomectomy at a tertiary institution: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Mirowska-Allen Kelly L , Kong Karen KY , Ang W Catarina
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Myomectomy is the gold standard uterine-sparing treatment for fibroids. However, the procedure is often complicated by blood loss. In rare cases, haemorrhage may be so severe that a conversion to hysterectomy is warranted. The aim of our study was to investigate the rates of and the clinical reasoning behind unplanned hysterectomies following attempted myomectomies at our institution.

Methods:

All patients who underwent an open or laparoscopic myomectomy at the Royal Women’s Hospital were identified using a gynaecology unit database, maintained from January 2004 to December 2013. Records for patients whose surgeries were unexpectedly converted to a hysterectomy were examined. A review of the literature was also performed, investigating the rates of unplanned hysterectomies following myomectomies.

Results:

Of the 1501 myomectomies performed, six resulted in an unplanned hysterectomy; an incidence rate of 0.4%. Fibroids were either intramural or pedunculated with the median number of tumours per patient being 2.5 (interquartile range: 1–6). The largest tumour for each patient varied significantly from 4.0 × 3.2 cm to 29.0 × 25.0 cm. In all cases, despite being strongly advised to have a planned hysterectomy, patients insisted on having a myomectomy. Two patients underwent conversion to hysterectomy intraoperatively while the remainder required a return to theatre. Difficulty achieving intraoperative haemostasis (n = 2), and the development of postoperative bleeding and coagulopathy (n = 4) were reasons cited for proceeding to hysterectomy.

Conclusion:

The rate of conversion from myomectomy to hysterectomy at our institution was low at 0.4%. In all cases, the reason for conversion was difficulty with haemostasis, despite infrequent use of haemostatic agents, and coagulopathy.
Isolated Tearing and Avulsion of the Distal Biceps Femoris Tendon During Sporting Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Metcalf Kathryn B. , Voos James E.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Isolated tearing and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris sustained during sporting activities are uncommon.

Purpose:

To systematically review the literature to identify distal biceps femoris tears and avulsions experienced during sporting activities to determine injury prevalence, sporting activities/mechanisms, management, and time to return to sport.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted investigating studies published between January 1970 and December 2017 that reported on athletes sustaining tears and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris during sporting activity. The review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and used the PubMed, Biosis Previews, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting on (1) partial or complete tears and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris with documented sporting activity causing injury, (2) injury management (operative vs nonoperative), and (3) patient outcome. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies reporting on (1) distal biceps femoris injuries without tearing, (2) injuries secondary to nonsporting activities (mechanical falls, trauma), (3) concomitant injuries to adjacent structures about the knee, and (4) studies not reporting injury management or patient outcomes. Sporting activities, injury characteristics, management, and time to return to sport were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 22 athletes with isolated distal biceps femoris tears or avulsions were identified. Injuries were predominantly associated with noncontact knee hyperextension with concurrent hip flexion during soccer or track and field, most commonly isolated to the musculotendinous junction. Injuries were treated surgically in 91% (20/22) of athletes. Mean (±SD) overall time to return to sport was 4.9 ± 3.3 months, and for athletes who underwent operative repair, there were no significant postoperative differences based on injury location (musculotendinous junction vs avulsion, P = .25) or injury severity (partial vs complete injury, P = .13).

Conclusion:

Isolated distal biceps femoris injuries occurred primarily via noncontact mechanisms. The majority of cases were treated surgically, with successful return to sport at preinjury levels. No significant difference in return to sport was appreciated based on injury location or severity. Further studies are necessary to determine the impact of treatment method.
Economic Development of Origin-countries, Life-stage at Immigration, and Length of Residence Effects on Psychological Distress
Authors: Montazer Shirin
Published: July 2018

This article reexamines the healthy immigrant effect in mental health—as measured by psychological distress—by incorporating the modifying roles of the level of economic development of origin-country and life-stage at arrival among a sample of immigrants to Toronto, Canada—as compared to the native-born. The analytic sample included 2,157 adults, of which 31 percent were immigrants. Multivariate results point to a healthy immigrant effect in distress, but only among immigrants from less developed origin-countries who migrated to Canada in mid-adulthood (between 25 and 34 years of age). Further, this health advantage deteriorates with increase in length of residence only among this group of migrants, in large part because of an increase in chronic stressors. Immigrants from more developed origin-countries do not experience a healthy immigrant effect, as compared to the native-born, nor an increase in distress with tenure in Canada, irrespective of the life-stage at immigration.
American Football Sets Players’ Body Mass Index
Authors: Maeda Kenji , Moll George
Published: July 2018

Objectives. Document American football, National Football League (NFL), Lean State (LS) or Heavy State (FS) Public High School (PHS), sets similar player position mean body mass indexes (BMI). Review health risks related to BMI. Methods. Public accessible 2014-2015 football rosters were used to calculate individual player’s BMI for four PHS teams about each LS and FS Capital City and 32 NFL teams. Mean BMI were compared for male player positions: quarterback (Q), backfield (B), and line (L) players. Results. Q, B, and L mean BMI were not significantly different for LS and FS PHS and NFL, but mean BMI was significantly ( P < .01) different for Q or B versus L. Conclusion. Football sets similar BMI for player positions with PHS line prone to obese BMI (considered healthy for NFL players) regardless of regional BMI trends. We propose PHS football set player BMI upper limit 30 to support public health and sports safety goals.
Low-pH cement mortar-bentonite perturbations in a small-scale pilot laboratory experiment
Authors: González-Santamaría D.E. , Angulo M. , Ruiz A.I. , Fernández R. , Ortega A. , Cuevas J.
Published: July 2018

A novel method to perform small-scale laboratory experiments that reproduce concrete–bentonite and concrete–groundwater interactions has been developed. Such interfaces will prevail in engineered barrier systems used for isolation of nuclear waste. With the goal of optimizing the experimental method, this work has analysed the geochemical interaction of distilled water, low-pH cement mortar and FEBEX-bentonite for 75 days. Limited but evident reactivity between the materials was observed, mainly decalcification in cement mortar, carbonation at the interface with bentonite and Mg enrichment in bentonite. These results are consistent with the state-of-the-art literature and were used to validate this small-scale pilot laboratory experiment to establish the basis for further studies comparing the behaviour of different buffer and cement materials.
Reviews
Authors: Brittan John , Mccormack Mike
Published: July 2018

The Earth's Inner Core — Revealed by Observational Seismology, by Hrvoje Tkalčić, ISBN 978-1-10703-730-4, 2017, Cambridge University Press, 223 p., US$79 (print). Mass, by Jim Baggott, ISBN 978-0-19875-971-3, 2017, Oxford University Press, 346 p., US$27.95 (print).
TheStk35locus contributes to normal gametogenesis and encodes a lncRNA responsive to oxidative stress
Authors: Miyamoto Yoichi , Whiley Penny A. F. , Goh Hoey Y. , Wong Chin , Higgins Gavin , Tachibana Taro , McMenamin Paul , Mayne Lynne , Loveland Kate L.
Published: July 2018

Serine/threonine kinase 35 (STK35) is a recently identified human kinase with an autophosphorylation function, linked functionally to actin stress fibers, cell cycle progression and survival. STK35 has previously been shown as highly expressed in human testis, and we demonstrated its regulation by nuclear-localized importin α2 in HeLa cells. The present study identifies progressive expression from the Stk35 locus of 2 coding mRNA isoforms and 1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in mouse testis during spermatogenesis, indicating their tightly controlled synthesis. Additionally, lncRNA transcripts are increased by exposure to oxidative stress in mouse GC-1 germ cell line. Stk35 knock out (KO) mice lacking all 3 RNAs are born at sub-Mendelian frequency, and adults manifest both male and female germline deficiency. KO males exhibit no or partial spermatogenesis in most testis tubule cross-sections; KO ovaries are smaller and contain fewer follicles. Eyes of KO mice display phenotypes ranging from gross deformity to mild goniodysgenesis or iridocorneal angle malformation, to overtly normal. These findings demonstrate the tight regulation of transcription from the Stk35 locus and its central importance to fertility, eye development and cell responses to oxidative stress.
How Do the Mechanical Demands of Cycling Affect the Information Content of the EMG?
Authors: WAKELING JAMES M. , HODSON-TOLE EMMA F.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The persistence of phase-related information in EMG signals can be quantified by its entropic half-life (EnHL). It has been proposed that the EnHL would increase with the demands of a movement task, and thus increase as the pedaling power increased during cycling. However, simulation work on the properties of EMG signals suggests that the EnHL depends on burst duration and duty cycle in the EMG that may not be related to task demands. This study aimed to distinguish between these alternate hypotheses.

Methods

The EnHL was characterized for 10 muscles from nine cyclists cycling at a range of powers (35 to 260 W) and cadences (60–140 rpm) for the raw EMG, phase-randomized surrogate EMG, EMG intensity, and the principal components describing the muscle coordination patterns.

Results

There was phase-related information in the raw EMG signals and EMG intensities that was related to the EMG burst duration, duty cycle pedaling cadence, and power. The EnHL for the EMG intensities of the individual muscles (excluding quadriceps) and for the coordination patterns decreased as cycling power and cadence increased.

Conclusions

The EnHL provide information on the structure of the motor control signals and their constituent motor unit action potentials, both within and between muscles, rather than on the mechanical demands of the cycling task per se.
Do Job Destruction Shocks Matter in the Theory of Unemployment
Authors: Coles Melvyn G. , Moghaddasi Kelishomi Ali
Published: July 2018

Because the data show that market tightness is not orthogonal to unemployment, this paper identifies the many empirical difficulties caused by adopting the free entry of vacancies assumption in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) framework. Relaxing the free entry assumption and using Simulated Method of Moments (SMM) finds the vacancy creation process is less than infinitely elastic. Because a recession-leading job separation shock then causes vacancies to fall as unemployment increases, the ad hoc restriction to zero job separation shocks (to generate Beveridge curve dynamics) becomes redundant. In contrast to standard arguments, the calibrated model finds the job separation process drives unemployment volatility over the cycle. (JEL E24, E32, J24, J63, J64)
If Technology Has Arrived Everywhere, Why Has Income Diverged?
Authors: Comin Diego , Mestieri Martí
Published: July 2018

We study the cross-country evolution of technology diffusion over the last two centuries. We document that adoption lags between poor and rich countries have converged, while the intensity of use of adopted technologies of poor countries relative to rich countries has diverged. The evolution of aggregate productivity implied by these trends in technology diffusion resembles the actual evolution of the world income distribution in the last two centuries. Cross-country differences in adoption lags account for a significant part of the cross-country income divergence in the nineteenth century. The divergence in intensity of use accounts for the divergence during the twentieth century. (JEL N10, N70, O14, O33, O41, O47)
The Role of Annuitized Wealth in Post-retirement Behavior
Authors: Laitner John , Silverman Dan , Stolyarov Dmitriy
Published: July 2018

This paper develops a tractable model of post-retirement behavior with health status uncertainty and state-verification difficulties. The model distinguishes between annuitized and non-annuitized wealth and features means-tested Medicaid assistance with nursing home care. We show how to solve the potentially complex dynamic problem analytically, making it possible to characterize optimal behavior with phase diagrams. The analysis provides an integrated treatment of portfolio composition and consumption/wealth accumulation choices. We show the model can explain both the “retirement-saving puzzle” and the “annuity puzzle.” (JEL D14, D15, G11, I18, I38, J14, J26)
Constrained Efficiency in a Human Capital Model
Authors: Park Yena
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates whether capital and human capital are over-accumulated in an incomplete market economy. As in Dávila et al. (2012), whether capital is over-accumulated depends on how the pecuniary externalities affect insurance and redistribution. In a human capital economy, however, not only capital but also human capital generates externalities and an additional channel arises that has implications for the overaccumulation (under-accumulation) of capital (human capital). The income sources of the poor and the correlation between wealth and human capital are crucial for the implication of pecuniary externalities. Realistically calibrated models exhibit under-accumulation (overaccumulation) of capital (human capital). (JEL D52, D62, I26, J22, J24, J31)
The m6A reader protein YTHDC2 interacts with the small ribosomal subunit and the 5′–3′ exoribonuclease XRN1
Authors: Kretschmer Jens , Rao Harita , Hackert Philipp , Sloan Katherine E. , Höbartner Claudia , Bohnsack Markus T.
Published: July 2018

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in RNAs play important roles in regulating many different aspects of gene expression. While m6As can have direct effects on the structure, maturation, or translation of mRNAs, such modifications can also influence the fate of RNAs via proteins termed “readers” that specifically recognize and bind modified nucleotides. Several YTH domain-containing proteins have been identified as m6A readers that regulate the splicing, translation, or stability of specific mRNAs. In contrast to the other YTH domain-containing proteins, YTHDC2 has several defined domains and here, we have analyzed the contribution of these domains to the RNA and protein interactions of YTHDC2. The YTH domain of YTHDC2 preferentially binds m6A-containing RNAs via a conserved hydrophobic pocket, whereas the ankyrin repeats mediate an RNA-independent interaction with the 5′–3′ exoribonuclease XRN1. We show that the YTH and R3H domains contribute to the binding of YTHDC2 to cellular RNAs, and using crosslinking and analysis of cDNA (CRAC), we reveal that YTHDC2 interacts with the small ribosomal subunit in close proximity to the mRNA entry/exit sites. YTHDC2 was recently found to promote a “fast-track” expression program for specific mRNAs, and our data suggest that YTHDC2 accomplishes this by recruitment of the RNA degradation machinery to regulate the stability of m6A-containing mRNAs and by utilizing its distinct RNA-binding domains to bridge interactions between m6A-containing mRNAs and the ribosomes to facilitate their efficient translation.
Queuosine modification protects cognate tRNAs against ribonuclease cleavage
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Matuszek Zaneta , Huang Yong , Parisien Marc , Dai Qing , Clark Wesley , Schwartz Michael H. , Pan Tao
Published: July 2018

Eukaryotic transfer RNAs (tRNA) contain on average 13 modifications that perform a wide range of roles in translation and in the generation of tRNA fragments that regulate gene expression. Queuosine (Q) modification occurs in the wobble anticodon position of tRNAs for amino acids His, Asn, Tyr, and Asp. In eukaryotes, Q modification is fully dependent on diet or on gut microbiome in multicellular organisms. Despite decades of study, cellular roles of Q modification remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that in human cells, Q modification specifically protects its cognate tRNAHis and tRNAAsn against cleavage by ribonucleases. We generated cell lines that contain completely depleted or fully Q-modified tRNAs. Using these resources, we found that Q modification significantly reduces angiogenin cleavage of its cognate tRNAs in vitro. Q modification does not change the cellular abundance of the cognate full-length tRNAs, but alters the cellular content of their fragments in vivo in the absence and presence of stress. Our results provide a new biological aspect of Q modification and a mechanism of how Q modification alters small RNA pools in human cells.
ΤΟΞΟΠΛΑΣΜΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΞΟΠΛΑΣΜΩΣΕΙΣ
Authors: ΠΑΓΚΑΛΟΣ Γ. Η. , ΠΑΣΧΑΛΗ-ΠΑΥΛΑΤΟΥ ΜΑΡ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
H ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ Ν ΤΟΥ ΣΙΤΗΡΕΣΙΟΥ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΤΩ, ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΩ ΤΗΣ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΟΥ ΑΙΓΟΣ ΣΥΝΟΛΙΚΗΝ ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΟΣΥΝΘΕΣΙΝ
Authors: ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΔΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΒΙΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ TΩN ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ
Authors: Τ. Κ. Β.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΕΥΠΑΘΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΓΚΕΦΑΛΟΥ ΥΠΕΡΑΝΟΣΟΠΟΙΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ ΚΟΝΙΚΛΩΝ ΕΙΣ ΤΟ ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΔΙΟΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΘΡΑΚΟΣ
Authors: ΜΕΛΑΝΙΔΗΣ Κ. , ΤΖΩΡΤΖΑΚΗΣ Ν.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΤΟ ΓΑΛΑ ΑΠΟ ΥΓΙΕΙΝΗΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΩΣ
Authors: ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΗΣ ΣΠ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Control theory
Authors: Тавокин Евгений , Tavokin Evgeniy
Published: July 2018

The tutorial sets out the basics and principles of the General theory of management, the theory of social management. The stages of management activities are considered in detail. Social technologies of providing and supporting management decisions are substantiated, which are appropriate to use in the practice of management activities of civil servants, entrepreneurs and other executives.
Recommended for managers of different levels, as well as students studying in the field of "State and municipal management", "personnel Management", "Management", other management specialties, students of various forms of training, professional retraining and advanced training, as well as graduate students of the relevant specialties."
Continuidad de la urbanización informal en los espacios de pobreza metropolitanos, rémora del desarrollo y déficit de la política de vivienda: Cuernavaca, México
Authors: Olivera Lozano Guillermo
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se explica por qué, a dos años de que inicie la tercera década del siglo xxi, los habitantes urbanos en situación de pobreza en Cuernavaca, México, continúan teniendo como vía fundamental de acceso a la vivienda, la ocupación informal del suelo, en un periodo en el que el crédito hipotecario ha tenido su mayor expansión en la historia. Se identifica al empleo informal y los salarios por debajo de 2,6 veces el salario mínimo como causas de su exclusión de la oferta de mercado, en tanto que los programas federales de subsidio para trabajadores informales tienen un bajo impacto y no inciden en el factor suelo. La crisis del 2009 significó el estancamiento de un aparente avance de la urbanización formal sobre la informal. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la asociación entre pobreza e informalidad económica y urbana, en tanto que datos de una encuesta aplicada aportan detalles sobre características de los habitantes, su grado de satisfacción por convertirse en propietarios, la progresividad en la construcción de la vivienda, su nivel de acceso a microfinanciamiento para mejoras a la vivienda y gastos personales, y su movilidad residencial.
Hidrocarburos no convencionales en Argentina: exploraciones en lo profundo, transformaciones territoriales en superficie
Authors: Villalba María Sofía
Published: July 2018

El desarrollo de hidrocarburos no convencionales en Estados Unidos ha generado una revolución en la industria petrolera en el ámbito mundial. Luego, otros países comienzan a explorar sus recursos. La cuenca Neuquina, Golfo San Jorge y, más recientemente, la Austral Magallanes en la Argentina observan desde la década de 2010 el desembarco de la actividad en sus territorios. Estos últimos se transforman económica, social y ambientalmente debido a las nuevas dinámicas que se instalan. Este trabajo busca analizar las principales transformaciones en las ciudades argentinas cercanas a la actividad hidrocarburífera no convencional. Para ello, se trabajó con fuentes primarias, a partir de entrevistas a informantes calificados y fuentes secundarias, principalmente material bibliográfico y de prensa. Se observa que la cuenca Neuquina, pionera en el desarrollo de la actividad, atraviesa las mayores transformaciones en su territorio, sobre todo en la ciudad de Añelo. En cambio, en la cuenca Golfo San Jorge y Austral Magallanes, las incipientes exploraciones en su territorio todavía no generan importantes cambios.
Exclusiones del espacio público de los habitantes de la calle en la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Rosa Paula Cecilia
Published: July 2018

Este artículo pretende adentrarse en algunas de las posibles consecuencias que trae aparejada la implementación de políticas de tipo neoliberal en el espacio público, específicamente, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. El artículo se centra en la caracterización de la noción de ‘ciudad neoliberal’, para posteriormente adentrarse en las formas que asume la espacialidad neoliberal en dicha ciudad desde el caso de los habitantes de la calle, es decir, personas y familias que residen cotidianamente en el espacio público. Para desarrollar lo pretendido, el artículo versará en las formas por las cuales esta población se ve expulsada del espacio público por acciones indirectas y directas por parte de la administración de la ciudad. Asimismo, pretende dar a conocer una tendencia novedosa, en esta misma dirección, pero llevada a cabo por otro actor. Se hace referencia a la modalidad porla cual una parte de la ciudadanía asume, por sus propios medios, el reordenamiento del espacio urbano por medio de la instalación de barreras físicas para evitar u obstaculizar la presencia de esta población en los alrededores de sus propiedades. Este accionar permitiría observar la situación que atraviesan ciertos grupos sociales en una ciudad cada vez excluyente.
Pricing and Product Design for Vice Goods: A Strategic Analysis
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Li Krista J.
Published: July 2018

The rising obesity epidemic is a worldwide concern for consumers, firms, and policy makers. One reason for the rise in obesity is consumers’ over-consumption of vice goods such as cookies, crackers, and soft drinks. Some authors have suggested that firms have incentives to make vice goods unhealthier and to encourage over-consumption. There are calls for regulations to ensure that firms make such products healthier by reducing harmful ingredients and provide nutritional information. Furthermore, public policy makers have begun to educate consumers to avoid over-consumption by using strategies such as pre-purchase planning. In this paper, we investigate how firms selling vice goods should respond to the growing concerns about obesity. We analyze how firms should adjust prices and product design to cater to consumers with self-control problems and obesity concerns. We use the literature on hyperbolic discounting to model consumers with self-control problems. In this framework, we examine how the unhealthiness of vice goods affects prices, firm’s profits, consumer surplus, and public health. In addition, we study how public policy efforts to encourage pre-purchase planning impact firm’s profits and consumers. Our results show that unlike standard goods, for vice goods a decrease in quality (i.e., increase in unhealthiness) and an increase in price can serve as a self-control device and increase demand. Therefore, firms sometimes can charge higher prices and make more profits by producing unhealthier products. Interestingly, producing unhealthier products can sometimes increase consumer surplus and improve public health. We also show that as the proportion of consumers who use pre-purchase planning increases, firms should respond by raising prices. In such situations, consumer surplus and public health improve but firm’s profits decline. These results have important implications for restaurants and firms that sell vice goods and for public policy makers who aim to combat obesity.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1082 .
Carbon Tariffs: Effects in Settings with Technology Choice and Foreign Production Cost Advantage
Authors: Drake David F.
Published: July 2018

Emissions regulation is a policy mechanism intended to address the threat of climate change. However, the stringency of emissions regulation varies across regions, raising concerns over carbon leakage—an outcome where stringent regulation in one region shifts production to regions with weaker regulation. It is believed that such leakage adversely increases global emissions. It is also believed that leakage can be eliminated by carbon tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods so that they incur the same emissions cost that they would have if they had been produced in the regulated region. Results here contradict these beliefs. This paper demonstrates that carbon leakage can arise despite a carbon tariff but, when it does arise under a carbon tariff, it decreases emissions. Due in part to this clean leakage, results here indicate that a carbon tariff decreases global emissions. Domestic firm profits, on the other hand, can increase, decrease, or remain unchanged due to a carbon tariff, which suggests that carbon tariffs are not inherently protectionist as some argue. Rather, results here suggest that carbon tariffs improve the efficacy of emissions regulation, enabling it to reduce global emissions in many settings in which it would otherwise fail to do so.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0674 .
OS DISTRITOS MUNICIPAIS NO BRASIL: UMA LEITURA GEOGRÁFICA A PARTIR DE JAMAICA E JACIPORÃ, MUNICÍPIO DE DRACENA (SÃO PAULO/BRASIL) / THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS IN BRAZIL: A GEOGRAPHY READING OF JAMAICA AND JACIPORÃ, MUNICIPALITY OF DRACENA (SÃO PAULO/BRAZIL)
Authors: Antunes Maryna Vieira Martins , Hespanhol Rosangela Aparecida de Medeiros
Published: July 2018

Busca-se apresentar e discutir os resultados da pesquisa de mestrado realizada nos distritos municipais de Jamaica e Jaciporã, Dracena, Estado de São Paulo, cujo objetivo principal foi analisar as características econômicas, sociais e culturais engendradas na organização espacial dos distritos municipais, decorrentes das mudanças verificadas no setor agropecuário regional. As etapas da pesquisa incluíram revisão bibliográfica, sistematização de dados de fonte secundária, pesquisa de campo (observação, aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas) e análise dos dados e informações produzidas. Foram explorados, além dos aspectos formais dos distritos, os traços engendrados pelas modificações no setor agropecuário regional, percebidas a partir da crise da cafeicultura entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980. Averiguou-se que as mudanças na estrutura fundiária e nas relações de trabalho contribuíram para que os distritos se tornassem espaços, majoritariamente, destinados ao uso residencial para a população empregada no setor de serviços na cidade de Dracena. Houve diminuição da população vivendo nos distritos e, principalmente, no entorno – áreas do rural disperso. Nos distritos nota-se que a ruralidade ultrapassa o setor agrícola e é marcada pela convivência, proximidade e laços de parentesco entre os moradores e pelas estratégias “solidárias” desenvolvidas pela população a fim de alcançar amenidades no cotidiano, solução de conflitos e melhorias nos distritos.
JUSTIÇA AMBIENTAL E PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO NOS JOGOS RIO 2016: O PARADOXO DO GOLFE OLÍMPICO / ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND PRODUCTION OF SPACE IN RIO DE JANEIRO 2016 SUMMER GAMES: THE GOLF PARADOX
Authors: Mascarenhas Gilmar
Published: July 2018

Considerando a consagração mundial do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável e sua incorporação, pelo sistema olímpico, nas últimas duas décadas, temos procurado verificar em que medida os Jogos Olímpicos tem alcançado êxito neste campo. Nas atuais condições, pode um grande evento esportivo contribuir na construção de justiça ambiental? Averiguamos o grau de coerência entre os princípios de sustentabilidade explicitamente contidos no Projeto olímpico Rio 2016, e seus efetivos resultados em termos de legado para a cidade. Consideramos o caso específico do golfe nos Jogos Rio 2016, modalidade esportiva criticada pelos ambientalistas e com alto grau de articulação com o capital imobiliário, para refletir sobre os limites e contradições da retórica ambiental do sistema olímpico, sobretudo em cidades geridas por tendências neoliberais, como o Rio de Janeiro de nossos dias.
PLANOS DIRETORES MUNICIPAIS: AVALIAÇÃO DE INSTRUMENTOS SEGUNDO PRINCÍPIOS DO ESTATUTO DA CIDADE / MUNICIPAL GUIDING PLANS: EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENTS ACCORDING TO PRINCIPLES OF THE CITY STATUTE
Authors: Fernandes Danaê , Gonçalves Ana Letícia , Antonello Ideni T. , Kanashiro Milena
Published: July 2018

Resenha do livroSANTOS JUNIOR, O. A dos; MONTANDON, D. T. (orgs.). Planos diretores municipais pós estatuto da cidade: balanço crítico e perspectivas. RJ: Letra Capital: Observatório das Cidades: IPPUR/UFRJ, 2011.
Influence of meteorological factors on the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Aljehani Y , Niaz R , Almajid F , Elbawab H
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Although links between meteorological conditions and primary spontaneous pneumothorax have been proposed, the reports are controversial. The aim of the study is to correlate between climatic changes and the development of this condition.

Materials and methods

A retrospective chart review included all patient presenting with primary spontaneous pneumothorax to King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2016. Meteorological data were collected from King Abdulaziz airbase station using an online source for the same time interval. The data were analysed to determine differences in weather conditions between days on which primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurred and those in which it did not. Logistic regression model was used to obtain predicted risks for the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax with respect to weather conditions.

Result

Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were found to have primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the 281 days included in the study. Among the meteorological parameters, significant differences were found in average temperature and atmospheric pressure difference between day of admission and two days before the admission, between days with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and days without. There was no significant difference in the other meteorological factors between days with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and days without.

Conclusion

Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were found to have primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the 281 days included in the study. Among the meteorological parameters, significant differences were found in average temperature and atmospheric pressure difference between day of admission and two days before the admission, between days with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and days without. There was no significant difference in the other meteorological factors between days with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and days without.
Perceived Subfecundity and Contraceptive Use Among Young Adult U.S. Women
Authors: Gemmill Alison
Published: July 2018

CONTEXT

Women who view themselves as having difficulty becoming pregnant (i.e., being subfecund) may feel that they do not need to use contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancy. However, subfecundity perceptions are not always medically accurate and may therefore confer a false sense of protection. The extent to which perceived fecundity is related to contraceptive use is not well understood.

METHODS

Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between perceived fecundity at age 25–30 and contraceptive use among 2,091 women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort.

RESULTS

Compared with women who considered themselves very likely to become pregnant, those who thought that they were only somewhat likely and those who viewed themselves as not very likely to do so had significantly higher risks of not using contraceptives within the next year (risk ratios, 1.9 and 2.4, respectively). Results were similar in analyses controlling for either a medical diagnosis of infertility, a history of multiple miscarriages or stillbirths, or absence of pregnancy following at least six months of unprotected sex, suggesting that perceived subfecundity operates independently of experienced subfecundity.

CONCLUSION

Because few studies have investigated fecundity perceptions in their own right, more research is needed to understand how women evaluate their fecundity and to integrate these perceptions into broader frameworks describing women's perception of pregnancy risk. Such work may help identify potential levers to improve contraceptive use.
The Art of Rhetoric by Aristotle, a work for our time?
Authors: Motte André
Published: July 2018

Having discussed some political and philosophical stakes of the Greeks’ invention of the rhetorical art, the present research aims to show the great originality of Aristotle’s treatise in comparison to his precursors. Subsequently, the article illustrates the amazing scientific relevance of Aristotle’s work for the French -speaking world in the past half a century. Finally, the paper poses the question whether its underlying concepts can nowadays be of any significance from a practical point of view.
Political and Contemplative Life in Aristotle’s Account of Happiness
Authors: Candiotto Laura
Published: July 2018

Through the concepts of ἔργον and βίος, the article describes the twohappiest forms of life, i.e., the theoretical and the political one, askingwhether happiness is founded on the conjunction of the two. Focusingon the connection between philosophy, education and politics the paperemphasizes the role of contemplation as πράξις and the importance ofphilosopher for the city.
The Archer and Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean
Authors: Koehn Glen
Published: July 2018

It is sometimes claimed that Aristotle’s doctrine of the Mean is false or unhelpful: moral virtues are not typically flanked by two opposing vices as he claimed. However, an explicit restatement of Aristotle’s view in terms of sufficiency for an objective reveals that the Mean is more widely applicable than has sometimes been alleged. Understood as a special case of sufficiency, it is essential to many judgments of right and wrong. I consider some objections by Rosalind Hursthouse to Aristotle’s theory and argue that they are based on a misunderstanding. However, there is indeed a tension in Aristotle’s view of goodness, hinted at in his claim that the good is "said in many ways".
Interwoven: Culture, language, and learning strategies
Authors: Oxford Rebecca L. , Gkonou Christina
Published: July 2018

Culture, language, and learning strategies form a grand tapestry, which is this article’s theme. The authors explain each part of the tapestry, provide ideas for teaching all parts in a smoothly united way, and explore key cultural issues (i.e., cognitive flexibility, ethnocultural empathy, intercultural understanding, and needs of intercultural trauma survivors). The article discusses cultural types, cultural communication styles, and related strategies, and it identifies publications that draw together culture, language, and strategies. The article offers new insights and abundant examples for teachers, teacher educators, and researchers.
Strategies in technology-enhanced language learning
Authors: Zhou Yalun , Wei Michael
Published: July 2018

The predominant context for strategy research over the last three decades has focused on language learning situated in a conventional classroom environment. Computer technology has brought about many changes in language learning and has become ecological and normalized rather than a supporting tool in the language classroom. Consequently, the landscape of language learning has been rapidly and largely changed with the normalization of technologies in people’s daily communication. The pervasive use of mobile technologies and easy access to online resources require that digital language learners understand and employ appropriate learning strategies for learning effectiveness and that their teachers are able and willing to teach these strategies as needed. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research into technology-enhanced language learning strategies. The strategies under review include those for language learning skill areas, language subsystems, and self-regulated learning. At the end, we discuss the pressing issues that Digital Age language learning has posed to learners, teachers, and researchers and propose considerations for strategy research in digital realms.
A self-regulated learning approach to extensive listening and its impact on listening achievement and metacognitive awareness
Authors: Zeng Yajun , Goh Christine C. M.
Published: July 2018

The role of self-regulation in general learning has been investigated for some time now. Its significance and contribution to second language (L2) listening, however, has yet to be discussed extensively with empirical support. This article reports a case study involving four college EFL students in China over a six-month period of self-regulated learning (SRL) in developing their listening in independent settings. The study examined how the achievement and metacognitive awareness of four high-achieving and low-achieving listeners may have been affected by strategies they used for self-regulating extensive listening activities. It also examined the learners’ engagement during four phases of self-regulated listening, namely, task definition, goal setting and planning, strategy enactment, and metacognitive adaptation. Findings revealed substantial differences in the two groups’ metacognitive engagement in three SRL phases. The article argues that the achievements of the respective learners in listening development were affected by these differences. Pedagogical implications of a self-regulated learning approach in extensive listening for L2 listening development are discussed.
Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory (GLSI): Another look
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: July 2018

Despite all the progress that has been made in research on language learning strategies since the publication of Rubin’s (1975) seminal paper on good language learners, there are areas that have been neglected by strategy experts. Perhaps the most blatant manifestation of this neglect is the paucity of research into grammar learning strategies (GLS). The main premise of this paper is that for such research to gain momentum, it is to necessary to create valid and reliable data collection instruments that would enable tapping the use of different types of GLS. In line with this reasoning, the article reports a study that aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory (GLSI), a tool constructed by Pawlak (2009b, 2013) on the basis of his classification of strategies for learning grammar in a second or foreign language. Exploratory factor analysis was also employed with the purpose of uncovering the underlying structure of strategic learning of grammar. The analysis provided evidence for largely satisfactory validity and reliability of the GLSI, indicating at the same time there is room for improvement, with concrete changes being possible after the instrument has been tested with a much larger sample.
“Exquisite cadaver” according to Stanisław Lem and Andrzej Wajda
Authors: Ostrowska Elżbieta
Published: July 2018

The article examines Andrzej Wajda’s Roly Poly (Przekładaniec, 1968), a 35-minute film made for Polish public television, that is an expanded version of Stanisław Lem’s short grotesque play Do You Exist Mister Johns? (Czy Pan istnieje Panie Johns?) published in 1955. Roly Poly tells a story of a car race driver, Ryszard Fox. A victim of several car crashes, he gets so many transplants from other victims of these collisions, with his brother being a first donor, that eventually he becomes a mix of different organisms, including female and animal parts. Wajda presents the whole story in brief scenes and episodes using an aesthetic mix of black humor, grotesque, absurdism, surrealism, and pop art imagery. The author argues that with its narrative focus on transplant experiments and aesthetic concoction of different styles, Roly Poly becomes a cinematic variant of the surrealist parlor-game of exquisite cadaver, where an often accidental collection of words or images is assembled into a new entity. Furthermore, the article claims that the film presents a dystopian variant of Bakhtinian grotesque body and as such it opposes the concept of ideal, uniform, and homogenized communist/national body. Eventually, the body of transplants displays a transgressive potential of trespassing different divisions and hierarchies and as such it indirectly subverts the main premises of nationalistic politics led by Polish communist party in the late 1960s.