bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A iconologia como experiência estética. Ensaio sobre uma imagem sem fonte encontrada no Warburg Institute Photographic Collection.
Authors: Tonin Thays
Published: May 2021

Este artigo narra a experiência de pesquisa iconológica possibilitada pelo Warburg Institute Photographic Collection, em busca das fontes e referências de uma fotografia do acervo londrino. O ensaio desenvolve-se ao redor do tema clássico das personificações das deusas Fortuna e Vênus, e as relações visuais que se apresentam entre ambas, principalmente depois do século XV. Levantam-se questões acerca do processo metodológico do historiador da arte frente à pesquisa em arquivos e acervos, e também frente às problemáticas linguísticas. Compreende-se a pesquisa de matriz iconológica como um processo de criação narrativa e de tensões entre corpo, palavra e imagem, e portanto, como uma experiência estética. O ensaio desenvolve diálogos com Aby Warburg, Edgar Wind, Fritz Saxl, Monica Centanni e Raul Antelo.
Las dimensiones éticas de los sistemas de valoración y difusión científica en el área de filosofía moral
Authors: Feenstra Ramón A. , Pallarés-Domínguez Daniel
Published: May 2021

Los índices bibliométricos están adentrándose de manera progresiva en la realidad de la comunidad académica. Por un lado, conceptos como ranking de publicaciones y cuartiles se emplean en procesos de valoración como las acreditaciones, los sexenios o la concesión de proyectos. Por otro lado, las grandes editoriales están consolidando modelos de difusión de la información que dificultan su acceso para la comunidad investigadora. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en examinar críticamente la combinación que se produce entre la bibliometría, los sistemas imperantes de valoración de la investigación y los modelos editoriales. Este análisis nos lleva a esbozar algunos retos éticos que se plantea para el área de filosofía moral.

Bibliometric indices are progressively moving towards the reality of the academic community. On the one hand, concepts like rankings of publications and quartiles are used in evaluation processes, such as accreditations, sexennials or awarding projects. On the other hand, large publishing houses consolidate models to diffuse information which makes the access difficult for the research community. This article aims to critically examine the combination formed by bibliometry, prevailing systems that evaluate research and publishing models. This analysis allowed us to outline some ethical challenges that are considered for the moral philosophy area at different levels.
historiografía apologética en el Discurso Contra los griegos de Taciano el Sirio.
Authors: Barenstein Julián
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos poner de manifiesto un aspecto poco estudiado del Contra los griegos de Taciano (circa 170); nos referimos a la introducción del discurso historiográfico en la apologética cristiana. En cumplimiento de nuestro objetivo daremos cuenta, por una parte, del carácter idiosincrático de la producción de este apologista en el contexto de la defensa de la fe cristiana en el s. II y analizaremos, por otra, lo que de acuerdo con nuestra línea de investigación es lo más relevante de su controvertido modus cogitandi: el rechazo de la Filosofía como via regia de acceso al Cristianismo para las gentes de alta cultura y la introducción del discurso historiográfico como garantía de veracidad.

In this paper we propose to highlight a little studied aspect of the Discourse Against the Greeks of Taciano (circa 170); we refer to the introduction of historiographical discourse in Christian apologetics. In fulfillment of our objective we will give account, on the one hand, of the idiosyncratic character of the production of this apologist in the context of the defense of the Christian faith in the s. II and we will analyze, on the other hand, what according to our line of research is the most relevant of his controversial modus cogitandi: the rejection of Philosophy as a way of access to Christianity for people of high culture and the introduction of the historiographical discourse as a guarantee of truthfulness.
Acoger la excepción. La prudencia del juez como punto de conexión entre las ideas schmittianas y aristotélicas
Authors: García-Huidobro Joaquín , Pérez Lasserre Diego
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo pretende justificar que, aun cuando es cierto que hay diferencias entre la filosofía aristotélica y la schmittiana, existe un punto de conexión entre ambos en lo que se refiere a la prudencia. En particular, se pretende demostrar que en la descripción que hace Schmitt de la función del juez en Ley y Juicio (1912) y en Sobre los tres modos de pensar la ciencia jurídica (1934) están presentes ideas propias de la filosofía práctica del estagirita.

This work aims to justify that, although it is true that there are differences between Aristotelian and Schmittian philosophy, there is a point of connection between both in what refers to prudence. In particular, we intend to demonstrate that in Schmitt's description of the role of the judge in Law and Judgment (1912) and On the three types of juristic thought (1934) ideas of the practical philosophy of the Stagirite are present.
Sufrimiento, Holocausto y memorias colectivas en el pensamiento histórico de Hayden White
Authors: Bolaños Aitor
Published: May 2021

En este artículo pretendo reflexionar sobre una cuestión de gran trascendencia para el pensamiento histórico y filosófico de comienzos del siglo XXI: el lugar que ocupan las víctimas y su sufrimiento en una reconsideración epistemológica de las ciencias sociales, del pensamiento humanista y de la propia disciplina historiográfica. Para ello, mi idea es seguir los argumentos de dos textos de Hayden White, que considero imprescindibles para estudiar su pensamiento ético-moral: “El posmodernismo y las ansiedades textuales” y “El acontecimiento modernista”. Por supuesto, acompañaré mis argumentos con una lectura transversal de The Practical Past, última obra publicada por el historiador USAmericano. Y todo ello con la intención de elaborar un homenaje a la vida y a la obra de un autor que tanto ha hecho por situar en el centro del debate sobre el pasado las cuestiones más puramente políticas y éticas, además de las teóricas o metodológicas.

This text offers a reflection on a question of great importance for the historical-philosophical thought of the beginning of the 21st Century: the place occupied by the victims and their suffering in an epistemological reconsideration of the social sciences, of humanist thought and of the historiographic discipline itself . For doing this, this article offers an analysis of Hayden White’s oeuvre, a work that grants a transcendental role to the collective memories of the victims, as well as to their suffering. And all this with a critical and ethical-political intention, essential for scientific and social progress.
Factores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en mujeres con VIH: Un estudio mixto con diseño secuencial
Authors: Sánchez Peña Sara , Pastor Bravo María del Mar , Cánovas Tomás Miguel Ángel , Almansa-Martínez Pilar , Peñalver Guillen Caridad , Jiménez-Ruiz Ismael
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El VIH/Sida afecta cada vez a más mujeres. La adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es decisiva en la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es determinar el grado de adherencia manifestada en un grupo de mujeres con VIH/Sida, con TAR e identificar los factores y circunstancias que influyen en su adherencia.Metodología: Se ha realizado un estudio con diseño mixto secuencial explicativo. Los sujetos de estudio son 86 mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH/Sida en tratamiento con TARGA. Resultados: Se recogieron datos cualitativos de 18 de ellas. El 59,3% de las participantes son no adherentes. Los factores determinantes de la no adherencia son el grado académico, edad, ingresos, así como factores personales, interpersonales como el apoyo sociofamiliar, estigma percibido y autoestigma y factores relativos a la enfermedad y tratamiento. Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería deben abordar con enfoque de género aquellos factores psicosociales e individuales del proceso de adherencia.

Background: HIV/AIDS is affecting more and more women. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is decisive for those infected to achieve quality of life. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to determine the degree of adherence displayed by a group of women with HIV/AIDS and to identify those factors and circumstances which might influence their adherence to ART. Method: A sequential mixed model research design was applied. The subjects studied consisted of 86 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and treated with ART. Findings and discussion: Qualitative data were collected from 18 of these women. 59.3% of participants were non-adherents. The determining factors for non-adherence were level of education, age, income, as well as personal and/or interpersonal factors such as socio-familial support, perceived stigma, self-stigma and factors related to disease and treatment. Nursing care should take a gender-focused approach towards those psychological and personal factors inherent in the adherence process.
Factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes
Authors: Castañeda Paredes Jennifer , Santa-Cruz-Espinoza Henry
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.Método: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 180 adolescentes: 60 gestantes (casos) y 120 no gestantes (controles). La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de setiembre y octubre del 2019 en un centro de salud público de Trujillo, mediante el FACES-III y una ficha de identificación de datos sociodemográficos y familiares. Para el análisis de datos se determinó el Odds ratio, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza (IC) y se procedió a estimar la magnitud de efecto.Resultados: Tanto la exposición a la violencia (OR: 5.82), la funcionalidad familiar (OR: 3.87), la edad del primer embarazo de la madre (OR: 4.07) y la situación sentimental de los padres (OR: 4.24), actuaron como factores de riesgo con una magnitud de efecto moderada; en tanto que el grado de instrucción de la madre (OR: 2.03) se mostró como un factor de riesgo con magnitud de efecto pequeña y el grado de instrucción del padre (OR: 1.37) insignificante. Conclusiones: La exposición a la violencia, la funcionalidad familiar, la edad del primer embarazo de la madre, la situación sentimental y el grado de instrucción de los padres actuaron como factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.

Objective: To assess the risk factors for pregnancy in adolescents.Method: Retrospective case-control study with a non-probability sample for convenience of 180 adolescents: 60 pregnant women (cases) and 120 non pregnant women (controls) Data collection was carried out between September and October, 2019 in a public health center in Trujillo, using FACES-III and a card identifying sociodemographic and family data. For the data analysis the Odds ratio was determined, the confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and the magnitude of effect was estimated.Results: Exposure to violence (OR: 5.82), family functionality (OR: 3.87), age of mother's first pregnancy (OR: 4.07), and parents’ emotional situation (OR: 4.24) were risk factors with a moderate magnitude of effect, whereas mother's education (OR: 2.03) was a risk factor with a small magnitude of effect and father's education (OR: 1.37) was insignificant.Conclusions: Exposure to violence, family functionality, age of mother's first pregnancy, emotional situation and parents’ level of education all acted as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.
Caméras portatives sur policiers : état de la situation au Canada
Authors: Faubert1 Camille , Gendron Annie
Published: May 2021

Les caméras portatives sont aujourd’hui considérées comme le nouvel outil ayant le potentiel de transformer la police. Celles-ci sont perçues comme une solution pour : 1) augmenter la transparence, la reddition des comptes et la légitimité de la police ; 2) améliorer l’efficacité des enquêtes ; et 3) rehausser la sécurité des citoyens et des policiers. Or, les résultats du corpus d’études évaluant les effets réels de ces caméras sont, d’une part, mitigés, d’autre part, majoritairement américains. Le contexte social et légal canadien étant différent de celui des États-Unis, les résultats américains ne sont pas nécessairement transposables au Canada. Quelques évaluations canadiennes sont toutefois disponibles pour guider la prise de décisions relatives aux caméras portatives sur policiers au Canada. L’objectif du présent article est donc de proposer une revue de la portée (scoping review) de 28 études sur les caméras portatives menées au Canada entre 2010 et 2021 et ayant soulevé des enjeux de légitimité et d’efficacité de la police. Les constats sont divisés en trois sections distinctes : 1) les bonnes pratiques en matière d’utilisation des caméras portatives dans les organisations policières canadiennes ; 2) le contraste entre les attentes à l’égard de cet outil et son réel potentiel ; et 3) les enjeux et limites associés à cet outil. Alors que l’article met en lumière certains effets positifs des caméras portatives, une réflexion est entamée quant à leur plus-value à la lumière de leurs enjeux et limites.
Comprendre le succès et l’échec de l’innovation policière
Authors: Poirier1 Brigitte
Published: May 2021

Les caméras portatives font partie des plus récentes innovations technologiques
ayant été introduites dans les services policiers. Adoptées dans l’objectif d’offrir une
plus grande transparence et d’améliorer les interactions entre policiers et citoyens, ces
appareils ont suscité au courant des dernières années l’intérêt tant des chercheurs que des
médias. Toutefois, malgré une popularité manifeste et plusieurs projets pilotes, l’adoption
de ces caméras au Canada demeure limitée. S’appuyant sur l’approche sociotechnique et la
théorie de l’acteur-réseau, cet article examine le contexte de déploiement des caméras
portatives en explorant le développement et l’implantation d’un projet pilote au Service de
police de la Ville de Montréal. Basé sur une analyse de contenu, il relève la diversité des
actants et des négociations qui ont mené à l’emploi de ces caméras. L’interaction entre les
intérêts parfois divergents des actants, dont la protection de la vie privée, les
considérations économiques et le désir d’offrir une plus grande transparence, apparaît
cependant comme pouvant compromettre le succès de l’implantation des caméras. Cette analyse
insiste enfin sur la nécessité de tenir compte du rôle du contexte sociotechnique dans la
réussite ou l’échec de l’implantation des innovations policières comme les caméras
portatives.
Le temps de visionnement comme mesure des préférences sexuelles déviantes chez les auteurs de crimes à caractère sexuel
Authors: Auclair-Fournier1 Édith , Charette Yanick
Published: May 2021

La déviance sexuelle est l’un des plus importants facteurs associés à la récidive chez les auteurs d’agression sexuelle. L’évaluation de ces intérêts représente un défi, puisque les personnes évaluées peuvent être réticentes à ce que leurs préférences soient sues. Des mesures novatrices, basées sur l’attention, par exemple le temps de visionnement (VT ; viewing time), pourraient s’avérer des solutions de rechange prometteuses aux outils d’évaluation des préférences sexuelles existants. L’objectif du présent article est de présenter le VT et de faire une revue systématique des études qui ont fait l’évaluation de cette mesure de l’intérêt sexuel déviant chez les auteurs de délits à caractère sexuel. Les résultats sont présentés selon trois grands types d’étude : la capacité discriminante du VT ; les comparaisons de ces capacités discriminantes avec d’autres mesures de déviances sexuelles ; et la capacité prédictive du VT par rapport à la récidive criminelle à caractère sexuel. La majorité des études confirme la capacité discriminante du VT en fonction du sexe de la victime. Cette capacité discriminante est comparable à d’autres mesures, plus intrusives, telles que la pléthysmographie pénienne. Le VT représente donc une voie novatrice intéressante pour l’évaluation de la délinquance sexuelle.
Culture, learning and rational decision-making: evidence from a TV show
Authors:   University of Porto, Lobão Júlio
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzes the French and the Vietnamese versions of the TV game show “The Price is Right”, using data from 130 episodes. We focus on the bidding game, covering 434 rounds and 1,736 bids. We document that players deviate signifi cantly from what is predicted by the model of rational expectations, especially in the French population. Moreover, Vietnamese fourth bidders are found to win more frequently than their French counterparts in spite of using strategic bids less often. We attribute these results to cultural reasons. Contestants from the collectivistic, uncertainty-tolerant culture (i.e., Vietnam) are more reluctant to engage in strategic bidding than individuals from the individualistic, uncertainty-avoidant culture (i.e., France). However, Vietnamese contestants pay more attention to the estimates of the previous players and thus make a better use of the informational advantage inherent to the sequential nature of the game. Overall, our evidence suggests that culture is an important omitted variable in studies that examine cross-country differences in decision-making.
Show issue Year 12/2012  Volume 2020  Issue 34 Regional Correction of The Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki Formula: The Case of Turkish Elections
Authors:   University of California, Evci Uğurcan
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a correction to the Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki (2019, 2020) formula for countries with large variation among their districts in terms of political divisions. The Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki formula (FSS formula) estimates seat allocations under the Jefferson-D’Hondt method by using national vote shares, as well as other parameters that are often readily available. However, the FSS formula does not yield precise estimates in those countries where there are independent candidates, special rights assigned to minority parties, signifi cant variation in district sizes, or an unequal distribution of votes due to ethnic or other regional divisions. Hence, I propose dividing the national distribution of votes into regions that satisfy the assumptions of the FSS formula within their district borders. By applying the FSS formula to regions consisting of historically and politically homogenous districts, I demonstrate that the formula’s estimates become signifi cantly more precise. For instance, by applying the regional correction to the 2018 Turkish Parliamentary elections, as well as other Turkish elections between 2007 and 2015, I show that the formula with the correction in three separate regions improves the Loosemore-Hanby goodness of fi t estimates from 2.1 to 3.41 percentage points (95% CI). Thus, the correction might signifi cantly improve the estimates of the FSS formula in various countries, including Spain, Peru, and Belgium.
Shot in the Foot: Unintended Political Consequences of Electoral Engineering in The Turkish Parliamentary Elections In 2018
Authors:   University of California, Evci Uğurcan , Kamiński Marek ,   University of California
Published: May 2021

Before the parliamentary elections in 2018, the ruling party in Turkey, AKP, introduced a new apparentement provision in the electoral law, which allowed parties to make electoral alliances in order to meet the electoral threshold. We claim that this was an ex post mistake. AKP’s electoral engineering was motivated by their fear that its coalition partner, MHP, would not exceed the 10% threshold. While MHP actually met the threshold in the election, the opposition party, İP, failed to do so. Thanks to the new law, the votes for İP were not wasted, as would have happened under the old law. AKP less than 50% of seats and it consequently lost the parliamentary majority. Under the old electoral law, AKP would have won the majority. We use four alternative scenarios in order to estimate the seats and evaluate the political consequences of the unsuccessful electoral manipulation
Sensitivity to interventions and the relationship with numeracy
Authors:   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Dzieżyk Michał , Hetmańczuk Weronika ,   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Traczyk Jakub ,   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
Published: May 2021

The main goal of this research was to investigate whether people exhibit algorithm aversion—a tendency to avoid using an imperfect algorithm even if it outperforms human judgments—in the case of estimating students’ percentile scores on a standardized math test. We also explored the relationships between numeracy and algorithm aversion and tested two interventions aimed at reducing algorithm aversion. In two studies, we asked participants to estimate the percentiles of 46 real 15-year-old Polish students on a standardized math test. Participants were offered the opportunity to compare their estimates with the forecasts of an algorithm—a statistical model that predicted real percentile scores based on fi ve explanatory variables (i.e., gender, repeating a class, the number of pages read before the exam, the frequency of playing online games, socioeconomic status). Across two studies, we demonstrated that even though the predictions of the statistical model were closer to students’ percentile scores, participants were less likely to rely on the statistical model predictions in making forecasts. We also found that higher statistical numeracy was related to a higher reluctance to use the algorithm. In Study 2, we introduced two interventions to reduce algorithm aversion. Depending on the experimental condition, participants either received feedback on statistical model predictions or were provided with a detailed description of the statistical model. We found that people, especially those with higher statistical numeracy, avoided using the imperfect algorithm even though it outperformed human judgments. Interestingly, a simple intervention that explained how the statistical model works led to better performance in an estimation task
Sniff-synchronized, gradient-guided olfactory search by freely moving mice
Authors: Findley Teresa M , Wyrick David G , Cramer Jennifer L , Brown Morgan A , Holcomb Blake , Attey Robin , Yeh Dorian , Monasevitch Eric , Nouboussi Nelly , Cullen Isabelle , Songco Jeremea O , King Jared F , Ahmadian Yashar , Smear Matthew C
Published: May 2021

For many organisms, searching for relevant targets such as food or mates entails active, strategic sampling of the environment. Finding odorous targets may be the most ancient search problem that motile organisms evolved to solve. While chemosensory navigation has been well characterized in microorganisms and invertebrates, spatial olfaction in vertebrates is poorly understood. We have established an olfactory search assay in which freely moving mice navigate noisy concentration gradients of airborne odor. Mice solve this task using concentration gradient cues and do not require stereo olfaction for performance. During task performance, respiration and nose movement are synchronized with tens of milliseconds precision. This synchrony is present during trials and largely absent during inter-trial intervals, suggesting that sniff-synchronized nose movement is a strategic behavioral state rather than simply a constant accompaniment to fast breathing. To reveal the spatiotemporal structure of these active sensing movements, we used machine learning methods to parse motion trajectories into elementary movement motifs. Motifs fall into two clusters, which correspond to investigation and approach states. Investigation motifs lock precisely to sniffing, such that the individual motifs preferentially occur at specific phases of the sniff cycle. The allocentric structure of investigation and approach indicates an advantage to sampling both sides of the sharpest part of the odor gradient, consistent with a serial-sniff strategy for gradient sensing. This work clarifies sensorimotor strategies for mouse olfactory search and guides ongoing work into the underlying neural mechanisms.
Mesoscale phase separation of chromatin in the nucleus
Authors: Bajpai Gaurav , Amiad Pavlov Daria , Lorber Dana , Volk Talila , Safran Samuel
Published: May 2021

Intact-organism imaging ofDrosophilalarvae reveals and quantifies chromatin-aqueous phase separation. The chromatin can be organized near the lamina layer of the nuclear envelope, conventionally fill the nucleus, be organized centrally, or as a wetting droplet. These transitions are controlled by changes in nuclear volume and the interaction of chromatin with the lamina (part of the nuclear envelope) at the nuclear periphery. Using a simple polymeric model that includes the key features of chromatin self-attraction and its binding to the lamina, we demonstrate theoretically that it is the competition of these two effects that determines the mode of chromatin distribution. The qualitative trends as well as the composition profiles obtained in our simulations compare well with the observed intact-organism imaging and quantification. Since the simulations contain only a small number of physical variables we can identify the generic mechanisms underlying the changes in the observed phase separations.
Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3
Authors: Beghini Francesco , McIver Lauren J , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Dubois Leonard , Asnicar Francesco , Maharjan Sagun , Mailyan Ana , Manghi Paolo , Scholz Matthias , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Valles-Colomer Mireia , Weingart George , Zhang Yancong , Zolfo Moreno , Huttenhower Curtis , Franzosa Eric A , Segata Nicola
Published: May 2021

Culture-independent analyses of microbial communities have progressed dramatically in the last decade, particularly due to advances in methods for biological profiling via shotgun metagenomics. Opportunities for improvement continue to accelerate, with greater access to multi-omics, microbial reference genomes, and strain-level diversity. To leverage these, we present bioBakery 3, a set of integrated, improved methods for taxonomic, strain-level, functional, and phylogenetic profiling of metagenomes newly developed to build on the largest set of reference sequences now available. Compared to current alternatives, MetaPhlAn 3 increases the accuracy of taxonomic profiling, and HUMAnN 3 improves that of functional potential and activity. These methods detected novel disease-microbiome links in applications to CRC (1262 metagenomes) and IBD (1635 metagenomes and 817 metatranscriptomes). Strain-level profiling of an additional 4077 metagenomes with StrainPhlAn 3 and PanPhlAn 3 unraveled the phylogenetic and functional structure of the common gut microbe Ruminococcus bromii, previously described by only 15 isolate genomes. With open-source implementations and cloud-deployable reproducible workflows, the bioBakery 3 platform can help researchers deepen the resolution, scale, and accuracy of multi-omic profiling for microbial community studies.
ÇEYIZLAB: Crafting a Speculative Manifesto
Authors: Gümüş Çiftçi Hazal , Uğur Yavuz Seçil
Published: May 2021

Çeyizlab is a research project tackling with çeyiz (trousseau)- a traditional gift-giving to the bride in Turkey. Due to the societal changes, çeyiz is under a transformation. By looking at the past and speculating about the future of çeyiz, our research question emerged: Can we envision scenarios that would turn the existing transformation of this tradition into preferable futures? We answered this question by conducting online focus-groups, auto-ethnography sessions and expert interviews. Based on our analysis, the idea of a Manifesto has emerged. This manifesto was embroidered on a fabric reflecting the stories, memories and desires of the women with whom we interviewed. To spread out the message of the manifesto, we decided to make a short film that gives rise to discussions around the issues entangled within çeyiz.
Editor-in-chief’s Editorial. Full conference proceedings – for the first time in FormAkademisk
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: May 2021

In the current special issue, FormAkademisk, for the first time, will publish the complete proceedings of a conference. We are proud to announce that this will be the 1st Biennial International Conference for the Craft Sciences (BICCS, 2021), held on the 4–6th of May 2021 online, initiated by the Craft Laboratory, affiliated with the Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. As a result of the Covid-19 situation, the conference will be held completely online. The special editor of this issue is Camilla Groth, who is also a member of our main editorial team. In addition, Tina Westerlund and Gunnar Almevik are members of this special issue editorial team (Groth et al., 2021).
News sensitive stock market prediction: literature review and suggestions
Authors: Usmani Shazia , Shamsi Jawwad A.
Published: May 2021

Stock market prediction is a challenging task as it requires deep insights for extraction of news events, analysis of historic data, and impact of news events on stock price trends. The challenge is further exacerbated due to the high volatility of stock price trends. However, a detailed overview that discusses the overall context of stock prediction is elusive in literature. To address this research gap, this paper presents a detailed survey. All key terms and phases of generic stock prediction methodology along with challenges, are described. A detailed literature review that covers data preprocessing techniques, feature extraction techniques, prediction techniques, and future directions is presented for news sensitive stock prediction. This work investigates the significance of using structured text features rather than unstructured and shallow text features. It also discusses the use of opinion extraction techniques. In addition, it emphasizes the use of domain knowledge with both approaches of textual feature extraction. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of deep neural network based prediction techniques to capture the hidden relationship between textual and numerical data. This survey is significant and novel as it elaborates a comprehensive framework for stock market prediction and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches. It presents a wide range of open issues and research directions that are beneficial for the research community.
Agronomic performance of fig plants grown with different numbers of branches
Authors:   Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mendonça Vander , Oliveira Silva Francisco Sidene ,   Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Araujo Alves Anderson ,   Araujo Alves, Paiva Martins Elania Guadalupe ,   Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Cabral dos Santos Elizangela ,   Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Cesar de Farias Wagner ,   Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Castro Pereira Eduardo ,   Federal Rural University of Semiarid
Published: May 2021

Fig production and quality are associated with the number of branches per plant and may vary among regions according to the climatic conditions and crop management. In this work, we studied the influence of the number of branches per plant on the production and fruit quality of 'Roxo de Valinhos' figs under semiarid conditions. The experiment was carried out at the didactic orchard of Federal Rural University of Semiarid (UFERSA), Mossoró city, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Fig plants were grown with 6, 12, 18, or 30 branches in a completely randomized block design with four replicates and four plants per plot. Plants without thinning were also cultivated as controls. The number of fruits per plant, productivity, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight were evaluated. Additionally, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SS), maturation index (SSC/TA), and vitamin C content were analyzed. The results showed that plants cultivated with 12, 18, and 24 branches produced fruits with higher weight, more fruits per branch, and more fruits per plant and thus were more productive. Additionally, fruits showed a high vitamin C content and maturation index
Theoretical Linkage between Theories of Social Comparison, Brand Congruence, Self Concept and Social Indentity
Authors: Perera A. D. C. , Samarakoon S. M. A. K. , Wanninayake W. M. C. B.
Published: May 2021

Aim: This paper proposed a theoretical framework to fulfill the theoretical gap which will lead to an extended theory for conspicuous consumption.

Methodology: The main theory considered for this study is social comparison theory which is the grounded theory of the concept of conspicuous consumption. Further, theoretical framework is entailed of 3 supporting theories. As explained below brand association variable is emerged from brand congruency theory. while Self-concept variable is emerged from self-concept theory. Whereas personal cultural orientation is based on the social identity theory.

Conclusion: The researcher strongly argues that in order to do a thorough comparison and purchase, the consumer would look at overall spectrum i.e., brand image, self-image and social image where it will give him an overall evaluation for him to make a consumption behavior which may lead to conspicuous consumption.
An Analysis of the Predictors of Financial Distress for Zimbabwe Listed Corporates
Authors: Muparuri Louisa , Gumbo Victor
Published: May 2021

This study brings novelty to the area of corporate distress modelling in Zimbabwe by exploring company-specific indicators of corporate distress, unlike most of the previous studies, which used financial performance indicators. Using a binary logistic regression on a time series dataset collated between 2010 and 2017, this study establishes book value, book value per share, average debt to equity and equity per share as very signiﬁcant determinants of corporate distress on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). Future studies incorporating artificial intelligence and a combination of both the traditional financial ratios and market-based indicators is recommended to expand the scope of the study.
Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities of Stigmasterol from Leaf Part of Crescentia alata Kunth (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Abinaya R.
Published: May 2021

The present investigation deals with the extraction, separation, isolation, identification, characterization and biological evaluation of the stigmasterol from methanolic extract on leaves of C. alata Kunth using bio-guided fractionation and spectral analytical methods. The biological activities investigated were antimicrobial and cytotoxicity. Leaf crude extract of C. alata obtained from 80% methanol was successively extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate fraction afforded a bioactive compound by bioassay-guided fractionation. The characterization of isolates was done by biochemical and spectral methods. The active fraction obtained and isolated compound were tested for their antimicrobial activities. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compound on Hela cell line, estimated with the MTT assay. The ethyl acetate fraction has exhibited highest effective antimicrobial activities and the fraction afforded a compound stigmasterol. The compound isolated stigmasterol from leaf of C. alata showed strongest antimicrobial effect against all microbial strains were tested with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.95 to 125 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity studies indicated that the isolated stigmasterol possesses much potential against Hela (mammalian cancer) cell line. Overall, the stigmasterol compound was the most dynamic as far as the antibacterial and antifungal potential of the leaves of C. alata confirm the conventional utilization of this plant in treating different respiratory sufferings and its related manifestations. The properties of the bioactive phytochemical compound stigmasteol recommend that the powerful and wide range of antimicrobial and anticancer operators and may fill in as the lead compound in the advancement of novel restorative medications.
Effect of Exposure of Cement on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Eneowaji D. O. , Ucheowaji O.
Published: May 2021

Concrete quality is of paramount importance to engineers and this is dependent on the quality of cement. One of the reasons for poor quality of cement is exposure condition of cement which is considered in this research. The behavior of the compressive strength of concrete with respect to the duration of exposure of cement was investigated and the limiting duration of exposure of cement beyond which it is not fit for structural concrete was established. Two basic exposure conditions were considered (Warehouse and Open-Air) for different durations (ranging from 6 to 42 hours). The target strength of concrete for this research was 30MPa; Slump and crushing tests were carried out for 99 samples and it was observed that the strength of concrete significantly reduced from 29.13MPa for the control sample (No exposure) to 17.28MPa and 13.90MPa for 42 hours cement exposure under Warehouse and Open-Air exposure respectively. A regression model was calibrated to predict the strength of concrete and % Loss of strength with increase in exposure duration for both conditions, this model possessed high correlation. Furthermore, the limiting exposure duration was established to be 16.7 hours and 10.5 hours under Warehouse and Open-Air exposure respectively. Finally, it was observed that the Strength of concrete is hugely dependent on the quality of cement which is significantly affected by the exposure duration; also, the workability of the concrete is not affected by the exposure of cement.
Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline and Ionic Liquid Pretreated Coconut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Fatmawati Akbarningrum , Anggoro Ari , Muslim Kamila Adila , Widjaja Arief , Nurtono Tantular , Sangian Hanny Frans
Published: May 2021

The problem of crude oil reserve shortage and air quality decline currently have led researches on renewable fuel such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. The attempt to provide such biofuel involves the utilization of enormously available wasted materials, lignocellulose. Coconut husk is one of such materials available in Indonesia. The previous work had reported the quantity of total reducing sugar produced after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated coconut husk. The pretreatment methods used were dilute sodium hydroxide solution (1 and 4% w/v), 1,3-methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid and the combination of both methods. This work focused on constructing the mathematical model which describes the kinetic of those enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Mathematical model expressions help describing as well as predicting the process behavior, which is commonly needed in the process design and control. The development of mathematical model in this work was done based on the total reducing sugar concentration resulted in batch hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters including initial available substrate (S0), maximum reaction rate (rmax), and half-maximum rate constant (KM). According to the values of half-maximum rate constant (KM), the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of coconut husk treated using ionic liquid is better than that treated using dilute alkaline solution as the former had shown lower KM value and hence higher enzyme affinity to the substrate. The best hydrolysis result was performed using combination of 1% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and ionic liquid with kinetic model parameter of 0.5524 g/L.h of rmax, 0.0409 g/L of KM, and 4.1919 g/L of S0. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of internet-based attention bias modification on the anxiety of Japanese workers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tayama Jun , Shimazu Akihito , Ogawa Sayaka , Nakaya Naoki
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This study comprised a randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of internet-based attention bias modification (iABM) on reducing workers’ anxiety.

Methods

In total, 300 eligible participants were randomized according to sex and age; 180 were assigned to the intervention group and 120 to the control group. The word stimuli used in the iABM included eight positive words and eight neutral words. Participants were instructed to indicate the positive word’s position as quickly and accurately as possible by tapping one of the two directions on display. The intervention included five sessions per participant over 1 month, resulting in a total of 600 trials. The main outcome measure was the total state anxiety score of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results

There was no significant difference in the net change in STAI scores between the intervention and control groups. The mean reaction time of the fifth session was significantly shorter than the mean reaction time of the first session. Furthermore, although there was no effect on the index of effect size Δ, the paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the anxiety score.

Conclusions

The iABM intervention in this study did not enhance the amelioration of workers’ anxiety when compared with the control condition.
An in vivo genome‐wide shRNA screen identifies BCL6 as a targetable biomarker of paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Sultan Mohammad , Nearing Jacob T. , Brown Justin M. , Huynh Thomas T. , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Lamoureaux Emily , Vidovic Dejan , Dahn Margaret L. , Fernando Wasundara , Coyle Krysta M. , Giacomantonio Carman A. , Langille Morgan G.I. , Marcato Paola
Published: May 2021

Paclitaxel is a common breast cancer drug; however, some tumors are resistant. The identification of biomarkers for paclitaxel resistance or sensitivity would enable the development of strategies to improve treatment efficacy. A genome‐wide in vivo shRNA screen was performed on paclitaxel‐treated mice with MDA‐MB‐231 tumors to identify genes associated with paclitaxel sensitivity or resistance. Gene expression of the top screen hits was associated with tumor response (resistance or sensitivity) among patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing paclitaxel. We focused our validation on screen hit B‐cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which is a therapeutic target in cancer but for which no effects on drug response have been reported. Knockdown of BCL6 resulted in increased tumor regression in mice treated with paclitaxel. Similarly, inhibiting BCL6 using a small molecule inhibitor enhanced paclitaxel treatment efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer models. Mechanism studies revealed that reduced BCL6 enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel by inducing sustained G1/S arrest, concurrent with increased apoptosis and expression of target gene cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. In summary, the genome‐wide shRNA knockdown screen has identified BCL6 as a potential targetable resistance biomarker of paclitaxel response in breast cancer.
Tumour‐derived substrate‐adherent cells promote neuroblastoma survival through secreted trophic factors
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Yubing , Li Lisha , Or Penelope M.‐Y. , Wai Wong Chi , Liu Tian , Ho Wayne L.H. , Chan Andrew M.
Published: May 2021

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children. NB is highly heterogeneous and is comprised of a mixture of neuroblastic cancer cells and stromal cells. We previously reported that N‐type cells (neuroblastic cells) and S‐type cells (substrate‐adherent cells) in the SK‐N‐SH cell line shared almost identical genetic backgrounds. Sublines of N‐ and S‐type cells were isolated from an early passage (P35) of SK‐N‐SH. Sequencing analysis revealed that all sublines harboured the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) F1174L mutation, indicating that they were tumour derived. Surprisingly, over 74% resembled S‐type cells. In coculture experiments, S‐type cells protected N‐type cells from apoptosis induced by the oncogenic ALK inhibitor TAE684. Western blotting analyses showed that ALK, protein kinase A (AKT) and STAT3 signalling were stimulated in the cocultures. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from S‐type cells activated these downstream signalling molecules in the N‐type cells. The activation of STAT3 in the N‐type cells was ALK‐independent, while AKT was regulated by the ALK activation status. To identify the responsible soluble factors, we used a combination of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis and found that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, periostin and galectin‐1 were potential mediators of STAT3 signalling. The addition of recombinant proteins to the tumour cells treated with the ALK inhibitor partially enhanced cell viability. Overall, the tumour‐derived S‐type cells prevented apoptosis in the N‐type cells via ALK‐independent STAT3 activation triggered by secreted factors. The inhibition of these factors in combination with ALK inhibition could provide a new direction for targeted therapies to treat high‐risk NB.
SF3B1 mutation in pancreatic cancer contributes to aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth through a PP2A–c‐Myc axis
Authors: Yang Jian‐Yu , Huo Yan‐Miao , Yang Min‐Wei , Shen Yang , Liu De‐Jun , Fu Xue‐Liang , Tao Ling‐Ye , He Rui‐Zhe , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Hua Rong , Jiang Shu‐Heng , Sun Yong‐Wei , Liu Wei
Published: May 2021

Hot spot gene mutations in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) are observed in many types of cancer and create abundant aberrant mRNA splicing, which is profoundly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we identified that the SF3B1 K700E (SF3B1K700E) mutation is strongly associated with tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Knockdown of SF3B1 significantly retarded cell proliferation and tumor growth in a cell line (Panc05.04) with the SF3B1K700E mutation. However, SF3B1 knockdown had no notable effect on cell proliferation in two cell lines (BxPC3 and AsPC1) carrying wild‐type SF3B1. Ectopic expression of SF3B1K700E but not SF3B1WT in SF3B1‐knockout Panc05.04 cells largely restored the inhibitory role induced by SF3B1 knockdown. Introduction of the SF3B1K700E mutation in BxPC3 and AsPC1 cells also boosted cell proliferation. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated a close correlation between SF3B1 mutation and aerobic glycolysis. Functional analyses showed that the SF3B1K700E mutation promoted tumor glycolysis, as evidenced by glucose consumption, lactate release, and extracellular acidification rate. Mechanistically, the SF3B1 mutation promoted the aberrant splicing of PPP2R5A and led to the activation of the glycolytic regulator c‐Myc via post‐translational regulation. Pharmacological activation of PP2A with FTY‐720 markedly compromised the growth advantage induced by the SF3B1K700E mutation in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest a novel function for SF3B1 mutation in the Warburg effect, and this finding may offer a potential therapeutic strategy against PDAC with the SF3B1K700E mutation.
c‐Abl kinase regulates cell proliferation and ionizing radiation‐induced G2/M arrest via phosphorylation of FHL2
Authors: Wang Guang‐Fei , Niu Xiayang , Liu Hainan , Dong Qincai , Yao Yebao , Wang Di , Liu Xuan , Cao Cheng
Published: May 2021

Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐Abl participates in several cellular processes by phosphorylating transcription factors or cofactors. c‐Abl binds and phosphorylates four‐and‐a‐half‐LIM‐only protein 2 (FHL2), but the identity of the phosphorylation sites and their contribution to cell cycle regulation is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that c‐Abl highly phosphorylates FHL2 at Y97, Y176, Y217, and Y236 through mass spectrometry and tyrosine‐to‐phenylalanine (Y → F) mutant analysis. Proliferation was inhibited in cells expressing wild‐type (WT) FHL2 but not cells expressing the phosphorylation‐defective mutant FHL2(4YF). Moreover, FHL2 contributed to cell cycle arrest at G2/M induced by ionizing radiation (IR). FHL2 WT but not FHL2(4YF) rescued FHL2 function in FHL2‐depleted cells by causing IR‐induced G2/M arrest. These results demonstrate that c‐Abl regulates cell cycle progression by phosphorylating FHL2.