bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of Crowding in Macaque Area V4
Authors: Kim Taekjun , Pasupathy Anitha
Published: April 2024

Visual crowding refers to the phenomenon where a target object that is easily identifiable in isolation becomes difficult to recognize when surrounded by other stimuli (distractors). Many psychophysical studies have investigated this phenomenon and proposed alternative models for the underlying mechanisms. One prominent hypothesis, albeit with mixed psychophysical support, posits that crowding arises from the loss of information due to pooled encoding of features from target and distractor stimuli in the early stages of cortical visual processing. However, neurophysiological studies have not rigorously tested this hypothesis. We studied the responses of single neurons in macaque (one male, one female) area V4, an intermediate stage of the object-processing pathway, to parametrically designed crowded displays and texture statistics-matched metameric counterparts. Our investigations reveal striking parallels between how crowding parametersnumber, distance, and position of distractorsinfluence human psychophysical performance and V4 shape selectivity. Importantly, we also found that enhancing the salience of a target stimulus could alleviate crowding effects in highly cluttered scenes, and this could be temporally protracted reflecting a dynamical process. Thus, a pooled encoding of nearby stimuli cannot explain the observed responses, and we propose an alternative model where V4 neurons preferentially encode salient stimuli in crowded displays. Overall, we conclude that the magnitude of crowding effects is determined not just by the number of distractors and targetdistractor separation but also by the relative salience of targets versus distractors based on their feature attributesthe similarity of distractors and the contrast between target and distractor stimuli.
Characterization of Chitinolitic Bacteria from Hermatia illucent Larvae Waste: Antifungal Activity, Hydrolytic Enzyme, and Phosphate-Potassium Solubilization
Authors: Prameselly Qorisha Lutfia , Sugiharto Bowo , Fatmawati Umi
Published: April 2024

Hermetia illucens larvae, also known as the black soldier fly larvae, are best known as the decomposers of organic matter. There are many potential microbes found in the feces of BSF larvae. This research aimed to isolate the chitinolytic bacteria from chicken manure maggot waste, identify the antifugal activity, hydrolytic enzyme activity, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and bacterial species through 16S rRNA gene analysis. The initial screening focused on bacteria with chitinolytic ability. Antifungal activity tests were performed against phytopathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum sp. Isolate MKP02 showed the highest activity in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum sp. up to 100% and produced protease and cellulase enzymes, along with the ability to solubilize potassium. Furthermore, the potential isolate MKP04, the isolate shows the highest cellulolytic activity with a percentage of 300%. It can inhibit Colletotrichum sp. fungi, as well as having lipase enzyme content, and being able to dissolve potassium. The results of 16S rRNA gene amplification on the two isolates showed that both isolates were close to bacteria of the genus Lysinibacillus and Brevibacterium. This research is expected to provide valuable information about the bacterial content, levels of hydrolytic enzymes, and the ability to solubilize phosphate and potassium in BSF.
Surface runoff as a complicating factor of engineering geological conditions. design models by the example of Moscow
Authors: E Karfidova , G Batrak
Published: April 2024

Climate change leads to changes in the volume and distribution of precipitation between seasons. Since water influences the course of most exogenous processes, the task of studying the formation of the connection between surface runoff and the spread of hazardous geological processes becomes relevant. A map of engineering and geological zoning, which is used in Moscow not only for design, but also in the current activities of services responsible for ensuring the safety of the operation of municipal services and environmental protection, was adopted as the initial information. The task is carried out on the Unified Digital Platform of Moscow in ArcGIS. The surface runoff model created on the basis of radar topographic survey is supplemented by methods for determining accumulation and depression zones, which makes it possible to identify areas of excessive soil moisture. Analysis of the intersection of zones of influence of surface runoff with taxa of engineering geological zoning makes it possible to quantify the distribution of connected objects, types of hazardous geological processes in zones of excessive moisture and adjust the assessment of the complexity of engineering geological conditions. As an example, the main regularities of the possible impact of surface runoff on increasing the risk of hazardous geological processes on the territory of cemeteries, cultural heritage sites and specially protected natural areas of Moscow are highlighted. It is proposed to use the methods of formation and analysis of the connection and the designed zones of influence of surface runoff in design, and monitoring systems, and in the current activities of city services.
Production boreholes water quality evaluation using GIS based geostatistical algorithms in Windhoek
Authors: David Silas
Published: April 2024

The acquaintance on the manifestation of production boreholes, its replenishment and chemical distinctive have distinct significance in semi-arid zone like Windhoek where production boreholes are partially source of water used for domestics. The goal of this research is to provide an overview for evaluation of production boreholes water quality in Windhoek by using GIS (Geographic Information System) and geostatistical algorithms. The production boreholes water quality parameters; pH, chloride, Iron, electrical conductivity and temperature were sampled and analyzed from production boreholes in Windhoek. Furthermore, maps of each parameter were produced by means of geostatistical (kriging) tactic. Moreover, semivariogram values were tested for different ordinary kriging models to ascertain the superlative fitted for the five water quality parameters and the superlative models were selected based on the average standard error, root mean square standardized error, root mean square error and mean square error. Five maps of the production boreholes water quality parameters were used to compute the production boreholes water quality map using the index technique. Therefore, pro-active measures must be taken into consideration to check the levels of pH, chloride, Iron and electrical conductivity and temperature to avert severe contamination and also to protect the production boreholes in Windhoek.
Clinical case: kinking ductus fetal report
Authors: Arroyo Zambrano Cristóbal , Alvarez Vaccaro Manuel , Alvarez Jara Alejandro
Published: April 2024

We present the case of a pregnant woman with a 35+5 week fetus referred for suspected fetal heart malformation. The fetal echocardiogram showed a dilated and tortuous ductus without signs of heart failure. It was managed conservatively. After birth, a ductal aneurysm was observed. It evolves normally, closing within the first week of life and without complications for the newborn. The course is asymptomatic and echocardiography prior to discharge showed complete closure of the ductus arteriosus at 7 days of life.
Motifs musicaux et architecturaux en Transylvanie
Authors: Csernyus Lőrinc
Published: April 2024

Károly Kós, along with other Hungarian artists and architects, contributed to the development of a natural approach of culture, based on the local environment and on the local way of life. This is, in his eyes, the right way to the universal. Architecture and music, in particular, are intertwined, as they both attempt to create an agreeable environment to mankind. The transylvanian or Transylvania-inspired art is an example of this proximity between the architectural and the musical language.
Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paterna Adrian , Alcaraz-Ibáñez Manuel , Aguilar-Parra Jose M. , Salavera Carlos , Demetrovics Zsolt , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: April 2024

Background and aims

The present study aimed to synthesize existing quantitative evidence on the relationship between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and academic achievement with a focus on quantifying its magnitude and examining its potential moderators.

Methods

Eligible studies were searched for up to February 10, 2023 in six different databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Current Contents Connect, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Dissertations & Theses Global). Studies were considered eligible if they provided information derived from self-report instruments that allowed statistical calculation of the relationship between PSU and academic achievement. Pooled effect sizes (r) were computed using a random-effects model. Meta-regressions were conducted to test the influence of study-level moderators on the relationship of interest. Influence analyses and a three-parameter selection model (3PSM) were conducted to examine the robustness of the results and publication bias, respectively.

Results

A total of 33 effect sizes from 29 studies (n = 48,490) were retrieved. Results showed a small effect size (r = −0.110), which tended to be larger in samples consisting of students from elementary and middle schools.

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings from the present study contribute to the understanding of a potential determinant of decreased academic achievement by providing evidence that PSU may be one of them.
Fuel cells: Materials needs and advances
Authors: Shao Zongping , Ni Meng
Published: April 2024

Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (<100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (>800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.

Graphical abstract
Case Study in Network Security System Using Random Port Knocking Method on The Principles of Availability, Confidentiality and Integrity
Authors: Ernawati Tati , Idham Kholid  , Dahlan  , Rohmayani Dini
Published: April 2024

Preventing unidentified individuals from misusing their access to information is a major concern when it comes to data security. Network administrators are charged with working harder to be able to secure the computer network they manage. The utilization of right method is a challenge for network administrators to protect computer network from intruders. The RPK method is one of solution to overcome this problem. This research aims to implement RPK method on the principles of availability, confidentiality, and integrity which have not been explored by previous studies. The network system configuration stage involved installing Debian 9, NMAP, Hydra, RPK, cloud server, remote admin, and attacker. The network security system's performance was tested, revealing a 99.97% availability rate and 100% confidentiality. The system's integrity was assessed, with an average response time of 0.22 seconds and 100% blocking accuracy. The test results indicate that the system's network security performance, using the RPK method, capable of protecting server attacks and effectively upholding security stability.
Aldecoa Luzárraga, Francisco y Esteve Moltó, José Elías (dirs.). Retos y oportunidades de la Presidencia española del Consejo de la Unión Europea: aportaciones de la Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa. Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 467 pp.
Authors: López-Jacoiste-Díaz Eugenia
Published: April 2024

Book Review
Bertot Triana, Harold. Teoría y práctica del reconocimiento de gobiernos en el Derecho internacional contemporáneo. Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 457 pp.
Authors: Vázquez-Serrano Irene
Published: April 2024

Book Review
Dynamic response of sandwich beam with porous core excited by two harmonic loads travelling in opposite directions
Authors: Hung Tran Quang , Duc Do Minh , Tu Tran Minh
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the time history response of a sandwich beam with a porous core subjected to two moving harmonic loads with opposite directions. In the modelling, the beam is combined of two isotropic face sheets and a porous core with symmetric porosity distribution. The quasi-3D shear deformation beam theory in conjunction with Hamilton's variational principle is utilized to set up the governing equations of motion. The Navier solution is used to obtain the displacement field. The accuracy of the study is validated by comparing with existing results in the literature for specific cases. Effects of the velocity and excitation frequency of the moving loads on the deflection-time history are investigated and discussed. Numerical results reveal that in the case of the double-moving harmonic loads in the antiphase, the resonance phenomenon cannot occur when the excitation frequency approaches the natural frequency of the beam.
Application of Theory of Planned Behavior on Determinants of GST Compliance Behavior of GST Taxpayers: An Empirical Study from India
Authors:   Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India, Garg Shubham , Narwal Karam Pal ,   Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India, Kumar Sanjeev ,   Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
Published: April 2024

The Indian government has recently transformed its indirect taxation system with the adoption of Goods and Service Tax (GST) in India. However, this taxation reform has a direct impact on the compliance behavior of the taxpayer as explicated by low GST revenue of the country. Since GST is a new taxation law in India, it become pertinent to explore the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers to proffer valuable suggestions and feedback to the concerned authorities for devising appropriate policies and strategies to comprehend and control the non-compliance behavior of the GST taxpayers. Therefore, the present study analyzed the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers by synthesizing the theory of planned behavior by collecting the data from 503 GST taxpayers using snowball random sampling with the application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The collected data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the theory of planned behavior to comprehend the compliance behavior of the GST taxpayers. The findings of the study assert that the theory of planned behavior explain the 60.1% variance of the total compliance behavior of the GST taxpayers. Moreover, the findings posit that the attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on the compliance behavior of the GST taxpayers. The proposed instrumental scale may be applied in future research studies to comprehend the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers at national and international level and therefore, this study may have major implications for the government, academicians and policy makers for improving the compliance behavior of the GST taxpayers.
Silencing the lncRNA EBLN3P Improves Prognosis in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer by Directly Targeting miR-144-3p
Authors: Hu Miao , Zhang Min , Qi Xunjing , Yuan Lijuan , Wu Zhijiao , Tian Yuanyuan , Qi Anning
Published: April 2024

The incidence of breast cancer, a malignant tumor that causes more harm to women, is increasing year by year, affecting women at a younger age. This paper describes the possible practical significance of lncRNA EBLN3P (EBLN3P) in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancer. EBLN3P and miR-144-3p levels in tissues and cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The association between EBLN3P expression and prognosis of invasive breast cancer was investigated using Cox multivariate regression and Kaplan-Meier curve. The growth efficacy of EBLN3P expression on invasive breast cancer cells was evaluated by Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and Transwell method, and the mechanism of EBLN3P targeting miR-144-3p was further studied. EBLN3P was elevated in invasive breast cancer, whereas survival rates were lower in patients with high EBLN3P level. EBLN3P directly targeted miR-144-3p to participate in the mechanism of invasive breast cancer, and EBLN3P knockdown had an inhibitory effect on tumor cells. Silencing EBLN3P inhibited the advancement of invasive breast cancer and was expected to be a promising therapeutic target for clinical intervention and prognosis.
Experimental and numerical investigation of rectangular labyrinth weirs in an open channel
Authors: Aydin M. Cihan , Ulu Ali Emre , Işik Ercan
Published: April 2024

Labyrinth weirs are commonly used to increase the discharge efficiency in free-overflow discharges. These weirs provide a higher discharge efficiency than conventional linear weirs at the same headwater. In this study, the hydraulic performance of rectangular labyrinth weirs (RLWs) under different geometries and flow conditions was investigated experimentally and numerically. The numerical model was verified and validated using the grid convergence index method and experimental data. Numerical modelling results showed increased performance of the RLW due to the distribution of lateral velocities in the inlet keys, while nappe interference in the downstream keys led to a decrease in performance at high headwater. Within the limitations of 1.5 ≤ L/B ≤ 2.33 and 0.1 < Ho/P < 0.61 (L is the weir crest length, B is the channel width, Ho is the total water head and P is the weir height), a performance increase of 44% on average (maximum increase of 67%) for unit channel width was found for RLWs compared with linear weirs. For these limitations, two new empirical formulas with a high correlation were derived to estimate the discharge coefficients of RLWs based on B and L for Ho/P > 0.1, which are widely used in practice. When compared with some data in the literature, the empirical formulas produced satisfactory results.
Comparison of Deep Learning Models and Optimization Algorithms in the Detection of Scoliosis and Spondylolisthesis from X-Ray Images
Authors: Güneş Harun , Hark Cengiz , Akkaya Abdullah Erhan
Published: April 2024

The spine is composed of pieces of bone called vertebrae that lie between the skull and the tailbone. Various medical conditions can affect the spine. In this study, two types of degenerative diseases, scoliosis, and spondylolisthesis, were studied. Deep AI architectures have recently enabled further disease diagnosis innovation using medical images. Various traditional and deep learning studies use medical images for disease diagnosis in the literature. This study aims to classify spine X-ray images according to three possible conditions (Normal, Scoliosis, and Spondylolisthesis) and to exploit the potential of these X-ray images to detect possible diseases occurring in the spine. The performance of deep learning models and optimization algorithms used in this process was evaluated. The study uses a data set created and/or analyzed during an existing study. This data set consists of images that belong to three different classes: scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or x-ray images of normal (i.e. healthy) individuals. A total of 338 spine X-ray images, 188 scoliosis images, 79 spondylolisthesis images, and 71 normal images. Six different deep-learning architectures have been used in the study. These architectures are Alexnet, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and EfficientNet-bo. While working on these deep architectures, each model has been evaluated using different optimization algorithms. These optimization algorithms are RmsProp, SGDM, and Adam. According to the classification processes, the deep learning model with the highest accuracy value was Alexnet, and the optimization algorithm used with it, Sgdm (99.01%), and the training time lasted 38 seconds. According to the classification processes, the deep learning model with the fastest completion time (30 seconds) was Alexnet and the optimization algorithm used with it was RmsProp. An accuracy rate of 98.02% has been obtained in the training of this model.
A Note on the Laplacian Energy of the Power Graph of a Finite Cyclic Group
Authors: Mutlu Varlıoğlu Nurşah , Büyükköse Şerife
Published: April 2024

In this study, the Laplacian matrix concept for the power graph of a finite cyclic group is redefined by considering the block matrix structure. Then, with the help of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix in question, the concept of Laplacian energy for the power graphs of finite cyclic groups was defined and introduced into the literature. In addition, boundary studies were carried out for the Laplacian energy in question using the concepts the trace of a matrix, the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, the relationship between the arithmetic mean and geometric mean, and determinant. Later, various results were obtained for the Laplacian energy in question for cases where the order of a cyclic group is the positive integer power of a prime.
Computer Vision-Based Lane Detection and Detection of Vehicle, Traffic Sign, Pedestrian Using YOLOv5
Authors: Öztürk Gülyeter , Eldoğan Osman , Köker Raşit
Published: April 2024

There has been a global increase in the number of vehicles in use, resulting in a higher occurrence of traffic accidents. Advancements in computer vision and deep learning enable vehicles to independently perceive and navigate their environment, making decisions that enhance road safety and reduce traffic accidents. Worldwide accidents can be prevented in both driver-operated and autonomous vehicles by detecting living and inanimate objects such as vehicles, pedestrians, animals, and traffic signs in the environment, as well as identifying lanes and obstacles. In our proposed system, road images are captured using a camera positioned behind the front windshield of the vehicle. Computer vision techniques are employed to detect straight or curved lanes in the captured images. The right and left lanes within the driving area of the vehicle are identified, and the drivable area of the vehicle is highlighted with a different color. To detect traffic signs, pedestrians, cars, and bicycles around the vehicle, we utilize the YOLOv5 model, which is based on Convolutional Neural Networks. We use a combination of study-specific images and the GRAZ dataset in our research. In the object detection study, which involves 10 different objects, we evaluate the performance of five different versions of the YOLOv5 model. Our evaluation metrics include precision, recall, precision-recall curves, F1 score, and mean average precision. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed lane detection and object detection method.
Examining immersion in a game-based experiment to study extreme behavior
Authors: Boonekamp Rudy , Schaap Tamar , Van den Berg Helma
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates whether immersion in a game-based experiment can be used to observe authentic behavior, for example in the case of studying extreme behaviors under unfamiliar circumstances. A graphic adventure game (Opponent Immersion Game) was developed, in which participants could experience and act on various known risk factors and triggers for violent extremism. We investigated the following topics: 1) The relation between the perceived level of immersion and authentic in-game reactions, 2) the impact of the level of authenticity on the use of (in-game) violent extremist behavior, and 3) the impact of the presence or absence of visuals in the game on resulting game experiences. Results from an experiment with 188 participants show that authentic reactions are positively correlated with the flow experience, a subcategory of immersion. More authentic behavior is related to less violent behavior. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of the exclusion of visuals on the level of immersion. Response coding shows the majority of participants had positive sentiments towards the game. This study shows that game based experimentation for studying human behavior in extreme and unfamiliar circumstances is a promising approach.
Games to support disruptive technology adoption: the MUST Game use case
Authors: De Rosa Francesca , Strode Christopher
Published: April 2024

Serious games can be used as a means to explore complex systems and uncertainty related challenges, therefore they may have the potential of supporting the adoption of innovative and disruptive technologies. In this paper we present the use case of the Maritime Unmanned Systems Trust (MUST) Game, which goal is to capture beliefs, attitude and perspectives of the participants with respect to the employment of maritime unmanned systems (MUS) in the maritime domain. This novel game aims at better understanding the relation between trust factors and MUS. Moreover, it explores how players make decisions with respect to MUS deployments in an increasing threat scenario. This allows to capture important information on the trade-offs related to MUS use that have an impact on maritime missions planning activities (e.g., endurance, logistics, maintenance, cost, number of assets, security and type of assets). This paper describes the game and an analysis of the outcomes of its deployment. The results show how the MUST Game design has been effective in eliciting constructive discussion around the use of MUS in maritime missions, as well as in the collection of assessments and decisions, which are currently being used in algorithmic development.
The Effects of Different Fattening Methods and Sex on Fattening Performance in Native Turkish Geese
Authors: Şişman Turgay , Tilki Muammer
Published: April 2024

The animal material of the study consisted of native Turkish geese. Regardless of the sex of the chicks, the first 4 wk of age were fed together, and the 5 and 6 week of age were fed ad libitum in groups using the starter feed. From the sixth wk onwards, four fattening method were formed until the 16 week of age as feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed and pasture. In the feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed groups, general body weight increase averages are 39.81, 37.46 and 39.90 g, respectively; average feed daily consumption is 426.95, 207.99 and 200.76 g, respectively; feed conversion ratio were 10.72, 5.55 and 5.03, respectively. At the end of the study, body weights were determined as 4209, 4108, 4239 and 3971 g in the feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed groups and pasture groups, respectively (P<0.01). As a result, the average body weight of geese was found to be similar with some literature data, which is lower than some literature data. This may be due to the fact that the geese used in the study are native Turkish geese and no selection studies have been performed on them. Although the highest body weight increase was determined in the pasture + feed group, it was concluded that it would be more appropriate to make pasture feed since the geese fed economically in the pasture provide body weight increase similar to other groups. It was determined that fattening with only feed is not economical for goose breeding and does not provide much daily weight gain compared to other groups.
Investigation of the Effects of Hesperidin on Bisphenol-A Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Bolat Merve , Laçin Burak Batuhan , Çelebi Fikret
Published: April 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an adhesive substance used in the production of food packaging, electronic devices, dental sealants and polycarbonate plastics. This substance, which can leak into products during industrial processes, can be taken into the body through contact or consumption. BPA causes oxidative damage in the body and toxicity to organs. This study was conducted on 52 male rats. The rats were randomly distributed into 4 separate groups, with 13 animals in each. Experiment groups were formed as follows: Control: 1 ml of olive oil was administered intragastrically for 14 days. Hesperidin (HESP): HESP was administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days. BPA: BPA dissolved in olive oil was administered intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. BPA+HESP: BPA at a dose of 100 mg/kg and HESP at a dose of 50 mg/kg were administered intragastrically for 14 days. Brain tissue samples from the rats were collected on the 15th day of the experiment while the rats were under sevoflurane anesthesia. Histopathological and biochemical analyzes were performed on the brain tissues of the rats. As a result of the study, it was observed that HESP had a protective effect on BPA-induced neurotoxicity in rats and triggered the antioxidant mechanism responsible for defense in the cell. It was opined that the degenerative and necrotic tissue damage caused by BPA in the brain tissue decreased with the effect of Hesperidin.
A Preliminary Study on the Investigation of Learning Ability of Arabian Horses Through
Authors: Danışan Sibel , Gücüyener Hacan Özlem
Published: April 2024

Knowing the behavioural responses of horses while planning the training processes is crucial in constituting the appropriate training program. The purpose of the study was to examine some behavioural and physiological responses of Arabian horses participating in flat races against the reactivity to human and fear tests. Within the scope of this study, 15 female Arabian horses aged between 2 and 8 years were subjected to reactivity to passive human test, reactivity to active human test, and handling tests from reactivity to human tests and the novel surface test, the static novel object test, and the startling novel object tests from fear tests. Significant relationships (P<0.05) were detected between the agonistic behaviours of horses and maximum heart rate values in the passive human test, active human test, static novel object test, and startling novel object test. Active human test, it was determined that as the agonistic behaviours of horses increased, the distance to approach humans increased (P<0.05). The novel surface test observed that as the horses' agonistic behaviours increased, the number of attempts to cross the surface successfully also increased (P<0.01). In the handling test, increased agonistic behaviours caused the test time to prolong (P<0.01). As a result, it was determined that various processes in training were prolonged in horses with high agonistic behaviours during the tests. It has also been determined that the trainability of horses may differ within the same breed and sex. For this reason, it is recommended to determine behavioural responses and to plan horse training individually. By understanding the trainability of horses, it is possible to achieve maximum efficiency for their benefit.
Grafik Sinir Ağları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Gümüş Hamza Talha , Eyüpoğlu Can
Published: April 2024

Grafik sinir ağları (Graph Neural Networks-GNN), yapay sinir ağları (Artificial Neural Networks-ANN) ailesine mensup ve grafikler üzerinden bilgi çıkarımı işlemi gerçekleştiren bir derin öğrenme yöntemidir. Bilinen ilk modeller GNN tabanlı oluşturulsa da evrişimli ağların kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile grafik evrişimli ağ (Graph Convolutional Network-GCN) modeli de popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu durum GNN’lerin gelişmesine katkı sağlarken, iki ağ tabanında yeni modeller oluşturulmasına öncül olmuştur. Bu çalışmada GNN ve GCN modelleri tabanında oluşturulmuş 65 alt model ve bu modellerin etkilediği diğer modeller incelenmiştir.
Ballistic Performance of ETİAL-171 (A360) Aluminium
Authors: Özdemir Baran
Published: April 2024

This study was prepared to determine the ballistic protection capacity of ETİAL-171 (A360) series aluminum. A360 series aluminum is a possible alternative to other aluminum series with high mechanical properties, cost of casting, excellent pressure tightness, and high corrosion resistance even at elevated temperatures and without heat treatment. The ballistic tests were divided into two parts, the amateur part which used 9mm ammunition at a distance of 16 meters, and the professional part based on ballistic laboratory data using 357 magnum ammunitions. The laboratory tests were carried out according to the FB3 bullet resistance class by following per under EN-1522-1523 standards. As a result of these tests, the ETİAL-171 aluminum was able to hold 3 out of 5 bullets based on 9mm bullets, and it was not successful against 357 magnum bullets. When this resistance is evaluated, ETİAL-171 series aluminum cage armor can be used against chemical energy ammunition. This evaluation was made by finite element method with the help of ANSYS Explicit and Fusion 360, and its success was proven. The ETİAL-171 series aluminum cage armor proves that it can be used as an alternative by the finite element method, as well as providing partial success against class below the FB3 bullet resistance class.
The Impact of Carbon Emissions on Corporate Cost of Debt (COD): A Research on Borsa İstanbul (BIST) Sustainability Index
Authors: Özşahin Koç Filiz , Deran Ali
Published: April 2024

This study examines the influence of carbon emissions of companies traded on the BIST Sustainability Index on the cost of debt for 2017-2021. In other words, the study aims to guide decision-makers towards carbon emissions reduction by showing a significant impact between the cost of debt and carbon emissions. The data were obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform, companies’ financial statements, annual reports, sustainability reports, integrated reports, and the DataStream database and were subjected to statistical analysis. Panel data pooled OLS method was used in the study. The study found a significant impact of total carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity, leverage, and structure variables on the cost of debt. However, it was concluded that the size, return on assets, growth, and cash flow variables did not significantly impact the cost of debt.
Solar Energy Production and Economic Growth: An Analysis for EU Countries
Authors: Filiz Baştürk Meryem
Published: April 2024

Producing and consuming solar energy as a clean energy resource in economies has gained importance. The importance of solar energy is based on reducing costs due to technological developments. Responsive to whether the contribution of investing in solar energy to reach proclaimed new development strategies in the EU Green Deal has been one of the critical indicators for policymakers nowadays. In this context, this paper analysed the impacts of solar energy production on the economic growth of EU member countries. After the analysis, using a two-way fixed effects model and Driscoll-Kraay standard errors 2018-2021, solar energy production’s positive and statistically significant effects on economic growth were found.
Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization
Authors: Işık Nalan
Published: April 2024

This research aims to investigate tourism's environmental impacts through the lens of Ecological Modernization Theory (EMT). The study examines how tourism development, economic growth, green innovation, and government effectiveness affect the environment. According to the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), the results revealed that tourism growth and economic expansion negatively impact the environment. In contrast, green innovation and government effectiveness have positive effects. The study also provides country-specific coefficient estimates. The empirical results support the validity of the EMT across the panel, specifically for Germany, France, the UK, and Russia.
Examining Fitness Centre Members' Perceived Risk, Attitude, and Behavioural Intentions in the Context of Brand Equity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gültekin Beyza , Yağız Kadir , Şentürk Özer Leyla
Published: April 2024

This study examines the mediating role of fitness centre members' attitudes between perceived risk-behavioural intention and the moderating role of brand equity in the linkage between “perceived risk-behavioural intention” and “perceived risk-attitude-behavioural intention.”. Data was collected from 280 fitness club members in Ankara, Türkiye. Proposed hypotheses are tested through PROCESS analyses. The analyses demonstrated support for the hypotheses. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, a noticeable decrease in fitness centre memberships is attributed to perceived risks. In this context, this research contributes to the fitness centre literature by exploring the role of brand equity and providing insights for managers.
Do ESG Ratings Affect Stock Prices? The Case of Developed and Emerging Stock Markets
Authors: Gül Yavuz , Altuntaş Ceren
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the role of ESG ratings on stock returns. The sample covers 347 companies from 2010 to 2022 from advanced and emerging stock markets. Return on assets, debt to equity, price-to-book ratio, and price-to-earnings ratio were used as control variables, and panel regression analysis was employed. Results revealed that ESG rating and return on assets statistically positively influence stock market performance. When the components of ESG were tested individually, it was observed that E (environmental) and S (social) ratings positively affect the stock prices. However, no significant relationship was found between G (corporate governance) rating and returns. These findings indicate the importance of investing in stocks and prioritising environmental, social, and governmental concerns regarding portfolio selection decisions. Findings also provide new sights and show that firms, especially in emerging markets, might enhance their market values by paying attention to ESG practices.
Maliyet Yapışkanlığı ile Kâr Yönetimi ve Firma Karakteristikleri Arasındaki İlişki: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Sevimli Örgün Gamze , Aygün Mehmet
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, maliyet yapışkanlığı ile kar yönetimi ve firma karakteristikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren 196 firmanın 2012-2020 yıllarına ait verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Maliyet yapışkanlığının ölçümünde literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan ABJ yöntemi, kâr yönetimi göstergesi olarak da Modifiye Edilmiş Jones Modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Dengeli panel veri analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı analiz sonuçlarına göre maliyet yapışkanlığı ile kâr yönetimi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilememiştir. Buna karşın maliyet yapışkanlığı ile firma kârlılığı, firmanın borçlanma oranı, firma büyüklüğü ve firma yaşını içeren firma karakteristikleri arasında anlamlı ilişkilerin varlığı tespit edilmiştir.
Döviz Kuru Değişimlerinin Bilanço Etkisi ve Borç Dolarizasyonu: Türk Reel Sektörü Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: Yılmaz Mücahid Samet , Acar Mustafa
Published: April 2024

Döviz kuru değişimlerinin reel sektör üzerindeki etkisi sadece ulusal para değer kayıplarının neden olduğu genişletici bir rekabetçi etki ile sınırlı değildir. Özellikle yüksek düzeyde döviz cinsinden borcu olan, yani borç dolarizasyonu yaşayan şirketler için bilanço etkisi büyük bir risk kaynağıdır. Döviz kuru artışları, borçların ulusal para cinsinden değerini artırarak riskleri artırabilir. Türk reel sektörü de yüksek borç dolarizasyonu ve ulusal para değer kayıpları nedeniyle önemli bilanço kaynaklı risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada borç dolarizasyonu ve döviz kuru değişimlerinin sektörel performansın en temel göstergesi olan yatırımlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmakta, Türkiye için 2009-2022 dönemine ilişkin 76 alt sektör verisinden yararlanılarak “bilanço etkisi” ve “rekabetçi etki” kanalları GMM tahmincisi ile analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kısa vadeli döviz cinsi borçlardan kaynaklı olarak reel sektör anlamlı bir negatif bilanço etkisine maruz kalırken, uzun vadeli döviz cinsi borçların yatırımlar üzerinde anlamlı etkileri bulunamamıştır. Rekabetçi etki kanalına ilişkin de anlamlı bulgular söz konusu değildir. Dolayısıyla Türk reel sektörünün bilançosundaki kırılganlıklar, politik karar alıcılar açısından Türk lirasının değerindeki beklenmedik kayıplardan kaçınmayı gerekli kılmaktadır.
Bölgemizdeki FMF Gen Mutasyonlarının Dünya’daki Dağılım ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Karahan Doğu
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Ailevi Akdeniz Ateşi (FMF), özellikle Doğu Akdeniz havzası toplumlarında endemik olmakla birlikte toplumsal göçlerle birlikte dünyada farklı ülkelerde de son dönemlerde tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye‘de sık görülen genetik mutasyonlar ile farklı toplumlardaki mutasyonların karşılaştırması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 192 FMF hastasının genetik mutasyon test sonuçları retrospektif olarak taranarak mutasyonlar tespit edildi ve sıklıkları hesaplandı. Tespit edilen mutasyonlar Türkiye’de ve diğer toplumlarda yapılmış olan önceki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda en sık mutasyonların M694V (%29.68), G148G (%17.18), M680I (%12.5) ve V726A (%10.93) olduğu görüldü. A202 genetik varyasyonun %58.85 ile görülen en sık değişken olduğu saptandı. Sonuçlar sıklık açısından Türkiye’deki diğer çoğu çalışmanın sonuçları ile benzer iken farklı toplumlarda mutasyon sıklığının değiştiği gözlemlendi.
Sonuç: FMF Doğu Akdeniz havzasında endemik olarak görülmekte, Akdeniz’in diğer bölgelerinde daha az sıklıkla görülmektedir. Ayrıca dünyada uzak bölgelerde de son dönemlerde daha sıklıkla saptanmaktadır. Toplumsal göçler ve genetik transmisyon bu artıştan sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Farklı toplumlarda görülen mutasyonların sıklığı da değişkenlik göstermekte olup bu durum o bölgelere olan göçün genetik kökeni açısından da fikir vermektedir. Son dönemlerde kitlesel göçlerin arttığı düşünüldüğünde dünyada FMF hastalığı ve mutasyon dağılımının önemi artacak gibi görünmektedir.
Comparative CFD analysis of six VAWT turbines in the Chicamocha Canyon
Authors:   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Rosero-Ariza Juan Diego , Chacón-Velasco Jorge Luis ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, González-Silva Germán ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander
Published: April 2024

La micro generación de energía eólica a través de turbinas eólicas de eje vertical para bajas velocidades de viento en el departamento de Santander, Colombia es viable debido a las características físicas de la región. Sin embargo, existen factores cruciales para el desarrollo de una turbina para la región como la tipología de la turbina, solidez, relaciones de aspecto, etc. Por tal motivo, es una buena práctica realizar simulaciones por medio de la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) con el fin de predecir el desempeño que tendrá la turbina en operación. Es por esto, que se realizó un análisis de seis configuraciones de una turbina VAWT tipo Darrieus de álabes rectos utilizando el perfil asimétrico DU06W200 las cuales fueron obtenidas por un algoritmo que tiene en cuenta los factores mencionados con anterioridad. Las relaciones de altura-diámetro a analizar fueron 0.25 (con longitudes de cuerda de 0.117 y 0.173 m), 0.4 (con longitudes de cuerda de 0.0929 y 0.137 m) y 1 (con longitudes de cuerda de 0.0587 y 0.0864 m). Se puede concluir con la relación de 0.25 y una longitud de cuerda de 0.173 m es posible obtener un Coeficiente de Potencia promedio de 0.31 siendo este un valor sobresaliente debido a la baja velocidad de viento de la región de interés.
THE IDEA OF FRIENDSHIP IN THE SINO-SOVIET TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, ALLIANCE AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE
Authors:   School of Marxism of China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China, Zou Chengzhang
Published: April 2024

B a c k g r o u nd . The article critically examines the concept of peace in the context of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. This study delves into the historical, diplomatic, and philosophical dimensions of the Treaty between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China in the mid-twentieth century. M e t h o d s . The study is based on a systematic analysis of the original documents of the Sino-Soviet Treaty and other primary sources that record the context and content of the agreement. The article uses a comprehensive analysis of primary sources, diplomatic correspondence, political discourse, and philosophical narrative to illuminate various interpretations and implementations of the treaty's peace provisions. Analyzing the philosophical basis of the agreement, it is taken into account how the ideas and concepts of friendship, union and mutual assistance were interpreted in the philosophical context of both countries. The article uses methods of comparative analysis to establish common and distinctive features between the ideology of the Sino-Soviet Treaty. Re s u l t s . The study provides valuable information about the geopolitical dynamics of the 20th century, shedding light on how the two major communist powers managed their diplomatic relations. By examining the ideological underpinnings and practical implications of the Treaty's peace-oriented provisions, the article contributes to understanding the broader landscape of international relations in this dynamic period. C o n c l u s i o n s . The study provides important information about the geopolitical dynamics of the 20th century, revealing how the two leading communist states managed their diplomatic relations. The article also considers the prospects for the development of dynamics between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, examining the difficulties and problems that arose in maintaining peaceful relations between powerful states with common political ideologies based on the principles of Marxism. Analyzing the ideological foundation and practical consequences of the peacekeeping principles in the treaty, the article contributes to a better understanding of the broad context of international relations and philosophical narrative.