bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional tsunami hazard maps for the Far East coast of the Russian Federation built in the framework of the PTHA methodology
Authors: Гусяков Вячеслав Константинович , Кихтенко Владимир Андреевич , Чубаров Леонид Борисович , Шокин Юрий Иванович
Published: October 2021

В работе идет речь о реализации методики вероятностного цунамирайонирования побережья, известной под названием PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment), для создания обзорных карт цунамиопасности дальневосточного побережья России. Обсуждаются методологические основы такого подхода, проблемы построения сейсмотектонических моделей основных цунамигенных зон, численные методики получения расчетных каталогов высот волн на побережье. Приведены примеры обзорных карт для различных повторяемостей, построенных с применением методики PTHA и представленных с помощью созданного веб-приложения WTMap. Упоминаются также некоторые проблемы применения методики PTHA, связанные как с недостаточностью данных наблюдений, так и со сложностью выполнения большого объема сценарного численного моделирования.

The article describes the results of the implementation of the PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment) methodology for creating the overview maps of tsunami hazard for the Far East coast of the Russian Federation. Such maps show the characteristics of the catastrophic impact of tsunami waves on the coast and the probability of their exceeding in a given period of time. The methodological basis of the PTHA approach to the assessment of tsunami hazard, the problems of constructing seismotectonic models of the main tsunamigenic zones, mathematical models and algorithms for calculating probability estimates of tsunami danger are discussed. The version of the PTHA methodology outlined in the article is implemented as a “WTmap” Web-application that has an access to the entire observational information related to coastal tsunami zoning and software packages used. The application allows to obtain the estimates of the expected tsunami heights and their recurrence estimates and to map them on specific parts of the Far Eastern coast of the Russian Federation. The obtained estimates can be quickly recalculated when replacing the observational catalogs with more complete and reliable ones, with the addition of new, previously absent events or the revision of their parameters, as well as the results of new scenario calculations. Examples of overview maps for various recurrence intervals, constructed using the PTHA methodology and presented using the “WTMap” application, are given. Some problems of using the PTHA methodology related to the lack of available observational data and to the complexity of performing a large amount of scenario simulations are also discussed.
HPC cloud services based on the Proxmox VE platform
Authors: Баранов А.В. , Киселёв Е.А.
Published: October 2021

Организация облачных сервисов для высокопроизводительных вычислений затруднена, во-первых, по причине высоких накладных расходов на виртуализацию, во-вторых, из-за специфики систем управления заданиями и ресурсами в научных суперкомпьютерных центрах. В настоящей работе рассмотрен подход к построению облачных сервисов видов PaaS и SaaS, основанных на совместном функционировании облачной платформы Proxmox VE и системы управления прохождением параллельных заданий, применяемой в качестве менеджера ресурсов в Межведомственном суперкомпьютерном центре РАН.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to develop methods and technologies for building high-performance computing cloud services in scientific supercomputer centers. Methodology.To build a cloud environment for high-performance scientific calculations (HPC), the corresponding three-level model and the method of combining flows of supercomputer tasks of various types were applied. Results.A high-level HPC cloud services technology based on the free Proxmox VE software platform has been developed. The Proxmox VE platform has been integrated with the domestic supercomputer job management system called SUPPZ. Experimental estimates of the overheads introduced in the high-performance computing process by the Proxmox components are obtained. Findings.An approach to the integration a supercomputer job management system and a virtualization platform is proposed. The presented approach is based on the representation of the supercomputer jobs as virtual machines or containers. Using the Proxmox VE platform as an example, the influence of a virtual environment on the execution time of parallel programs is investigated experimentally. The possibility of applying the proposed approach to building cloud services of the PaaS and SaaS type in scientific supercomputing centers of collective use is substantiated for a class of applications for which the overhead costs introduced by the Proxmox components are acceptable.
Cloud platform for decision-making support of digital production planning
Authors: Величко А.С. , Грибова В.В. , Колмогоров А.В.
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрена задача разработки платформы для процессов цифрового производства. Описаны возможные онтологии предметной области, состоящей в организации и планировании экономической деятельности предприятий и учреждений, в том числе в производственной сфере. Спроектирована модульная архитектура облачной платформы для цифровизации производственных процессов в области обрабатывающих производств и строительства. Определены задачи, решаемые каждым функциональным модулем.

Purpose. The paper deals with the problem of decision-making support for digital production planning. Methodology. The formalization of the subject area (ontology) is developed on the basis of the approach used in production and operational management, in particular, for the possible planning of digital production in back-office industries and construction. Findings. Main stages of digital production planning are identified such as optimization for the placement (choice of place) of production, optimal selection of suppliers of resources, optimization of storage of resources and delivery to the place of production. The analysis of the stages for organization and production planning currently is poorly represented in existing software solutions as a set of several cloud services. Originality/value. Taking into account the conditions for the modern stage of development of technologies for the digital production we can identify the key requirements for the functionality and use of the software platform. The architecture of a digital cloud platform and its functional modules has been developed for the planning of digital production. It is a decentralized platform as a public network, consisting of independent software modules (cloud services) connected to a tool with an expandable number of modules. The tool consists of a unit for the organization and planning of production processes and the block of the modules that accompanies implementation of process of production activity. Currently, a number of modules of the system have been developed and experimentally tested. Now we are developing the full-featured tool.
VOKKIA and KVERT information systems for data integration on the volcanoes of the Kuril-Kamchatka region and analysis of their activity
Authors: Романова И.М.
Published: October 2021

Описаны особенности реализации, структура и возможности информационных веб-систем, созданных в Институте вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН, цель которых обеспечить доступ к большому объему распределенных вулканологических данных для комплексного использования в научных исследованиях. Информационная система VOKKIA предназначена для интеграции и систематизации данных по наземным и подводным вулканам Курило-Камчатского региона и их извержениям, KVERT для сбора и интеграции данных оперативного мониторинга активности вулканов. Реализованные в информационных системах сервисы поиска и визуализации данных помогают обнаруживать взаимосвязи, закономерности и тенденции изменения вулканогенных процессов во времени.

A large amount of unique scientific data has been collected in the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS over the past years of investigations of the Kamchatka and the Kurile Island Arc volcanoes. The distributed nature of information storage makes it difficult to search and effectively use data in scientific research. Actual tasks include the integration of data into thematic information resources, organization of data access on the Internet, as well as the designing of tools for their comprehensive analysis. VOKKIA (Volcanoes of Kurile-Kamchatka Island Arc) and KVERT (Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team) information web-systems have been developed in the IVS FEB RAS to solve these tasks. VOKKIA is designed to integrate and systematize the heterogeneous scientific data for the terrestrial volcanoes of Kamchatka, the Kurile Islands and submarine volcanoes of the surrounding seas including data on historical eruptions of active volcanoes. The KVERT system contains brief information about active volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Nothern Kuriles including their hazard. It provides collection and storage of operational data of visual, video, and satellite monitoring of volcanoes as well as automated preparation and sending KVERT releases on volcanic activity. The paper describes the development technology, structure and content of VOKKIA and KVERT. Besides, it describes data search and visualization services and statistical data analysis. The created services allow detecting the relationship, patterns and trends in volcanic processes over time.
On computer vision algorithms for searching breaks in meshed fencing constructions
Authors: Дубровин К.Н. , Смагин А.С.
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы автоматизированного мониторинга состояния сетчатых ограждающих конструкций, которые используются на предприятиях, производящих морские биоресурсы. Предложен алгоритм выделения порывов сетчатых ограждений в подводных условиях с применением методов компьютерного зрения, который реализован в виде комплекса программ на языке Python. Приведены результаты работы программного комплекса. Показано, что методы компьютерного зрения эффективно справляются с определением целостности ячеек сети на слабои среднезашумленных изображениях. Для работы в более сложных оптических условиях в состав программного комплекса предложено включить нейросетевой модуль.

Purpose. The paper addresses image processing algorithms for the computer vision system of an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle, which automatically monitors the state of the mesh fence and thereby exclude the presence of a person in an aggressive underwater environment. Methodology. The MultiScale Retinex with Color Restoration algorithm and the Otsu method were implemented using the Python programming language to preprocess and filter the image. Methods from OpenCV computer vision library were used to detect damage to the mesh fence. Results. An algorithm is proposed for highlighting the impulses of mesh fencing in underwater conditions using computer vision methods implemented by the Python software. The software implementation results are provided. It is shown that computer vision methods effectively cope with determining the integrity of network cells in weakly and medium-noisy images. To work in more complex optical conditions, it is proposed to include a neural network module in the software package. Findings. The analysis of the results of the software package showed that it successfully copes with the classification of network cells in clean images. However, the transformations carried out at the pre-processing stage are not enough to complete noise elimination. In this regard, this study will continue to improve and expand the functionality of the software package. The result of the study will be a software package with a neural network module for full filtering of the external background and efficient detection of the mesh fence problem areas.
Forecasting of crop yields based on Earth remote sensing data (using soybeans as an example)
Authors: Степанов А.С.
Published: October 2021

Описан подход к прогнозированию урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования Земли. В качестве основного параметра прогностической регрессионной модели использовались значения вегетационного индекса NDVI. В статье приведена оценка возможности раннего прогнозирования до достижения индексом NDVI максимальных значений с применением гауссианы в качестве аппроксимирующей функции, соответствующей еженедельным композитам NDVI. Для пахотных земель Тамбовского р-на Амурской области рассчитана ошибка определения максимума NDVI в зависимости от календарной недели прогнозирования. Построенная модель использована для предварительной оценки урожайности сои в регионе в 2018 г.

Purpose. Develop and describe a general approach to forecasting crop yields (using soybeans as an example). Methodology. Crop yields were estimated using regression models. Values of the vegetative index (NDVI) were considered with Vega-Science system. The normalized NDVI values were approximated by the Gauss function using the LevenbergMarquardt algorithm to enable early prediction with Python language. Findings. Values of the normalized index were determined by the preceding fiveyears period. For normalized values, approximating Gaussians were constructed and the parameters of the Gaussian function were calculated. The maximum was predicted for the NDVI values at various calendar weeks of the simulated year. The maximum values of NDVI composites in 20092018 were accounted for 3032 calendar weeks. According to the simulation results, it was found that the average absolute error in predicting the maximum NDVI for 10 years at the weeks 2932 did not exceed 3, for weeks 2728 4 and for the weeks 2126 7. At the next stage, a regression model was built to predict yield, where the calculated NDVI maximum was used as an independent variable, and soybean yield calculated according to the statistics of Rosstat on sown areas and gross soybean harvest in the region acted as an independent variable. Analysis of the error in predicting soybean yield for 2018 was obtained according to the simulation results of 20092017. It was shown that the absolute forecast error when using the data of 2232 calendar weeks of 2018 did not exceed 9.1. Originality/Value. The proposed approach to determining crop yields demonstrate high accuracy, while the method provides the possibility of early forecasting. The use of Earth remote sensing data and developed software modules of Python contribute to the operational formation of the forecast and, accordingly, the possibility of adjusting the agricultural plans.
Small angle reconstruction of plasma luminosity for spherical tokamak
Authors: Баженов А.Н. , Затылкин П.А.
Published: October 2021

Публикация посвящена применению методов вычислительной геометрии, интервального анализа и линейного программирования к задачам физики управляемого термоядерного синтеза. Рассмотрены геометрические аспекты проблемы, получены проекции светимостей различных объемов сферического токамака на плоскость матричного детектора, изучены изображения предполагаемых макроскопических структур и микроскопических включений. Для набора модельных распределений светимости объема токамака поставлена задача восстановления сигнала. Решение получено с использованием задач линейного программирования.

The problems of reconstruction of plasma luminosity are important for physics and technology of power plants-tokamaks. The Globus-M research tokamak obtained a large amount of data using a matrix detector in pinhole camera geometry. From the mathematical point of view, finding the luminosity for different regions of the plasma volume according to the matrix detector is an inverse problem related to the field of integral geometry. An essential feature of the particular task is the use of a single fixed camera with a small viewing angle. In this regard, application of methods of harmonic analysis of data is not enough. The paper investigates the geometric aspects of the problem. In the general view, a threedimensional object is projected onto a two-dimensional plane through a diaphragm. Under the assumption of azimuthal symmetry, there is a central projection of the luminosity of the body of rotation onto a flat matrix detector. The initial information for the calculation is the plasma boundary obtained from magnetic sensors. There is no reliable information about the internal structure of the plasma, so its division into regions of the equal luminosity is not unambiguous. The paper presents an algorithm for finding the projections of the luminosity of plasma volumes on the plane of the matrix detector. A set of model direct problems for the construction of algorithms for their recognition according to the detector data was investigated. Images of supposed macroscopic structures and microscopic inclusions were obtained. The methodological basis of the work is the use of interval analysis methods for solving geometric and algebraic problems. This approach allows obtaining qualitative and quantitative results that takes into account the uncertainty of the input data with the minimum amount of computational costs. Algebraic solvability is investigated in the interval formulation using response functionality. Solutions for a set of test problems are obtained, which demonstrate the availability of successful reconstruction for real data. An important result of the study is an information about the presence of uncertainties in geometric data and related calculations by obtaining results about the luminosity of the plasma by solving linear programming problems.
Mathematical modelling of the agglomeration in a reactive porous medium with variable permeability
Authors: Донской И.Г.
Published: October 2021

При переработке низкосортных твердых топлив, таких как отходы и биомасса, часто возникают проблемы, связанные с агломерацией. В работе предложен один из вариантов модели спекания, в которой локальная проницаемость изменяется при нагреве из-за физико-химического процесса (плавления), а центры агломерации (частицы плавящегося материала) случайным образом распределяются в двумерной пористой среде. Относительно простая модель позволяет исследовать развитие термогидродинамических неоднородностей в участке пористой среды и оценивать его гидравлическое сопротивление при разной доле расплавленного материала.

Thermal processing of waste is usually carried out in fixed-bed reactors. Complex thermochemical behavior of individual components can lead to a decrease in technical and environmental efficiency. One of the problems is the bed agglomeration and formation of zones with decreasing permeability. The paper proposes a method of numerical simulation of porous media with physicochemical processes, which change permeability. Initial formulation proposes this process to be considered as melting of distributed particles in a stochastic media. The melting rate is controlled by heating of the selected element, and its local permeability changes during a phase transition. To solve this problem, numerical algorithm is developed on the basis of splitting methods. This algorithm was used to find a solution for system of non-stationary partial differential equations in two-dimensional case. The data on multiple calculations for different configurations are averaged to compare modelling results. The simulation results show that increasing the fraction of particles of the melting component leads to the significant change of the dynamic and stationary filtration regimes. The reduction in stationary flow rate is exponential function of the fraction of the melting particles. The dynamics of gas flow is also sensitive to the melting particles fraction, within the range of 510 there is a rather sharp transition from a gradual (almost linear) decrease of flow in time to a sharp one, which is close to exponential behaviour. The resulting calculations for the critical fraction are compared with the measured data published for the case of combustion of mixtures with sintering fuel particles (polymers). Further work will address the modification of the model to describe waste incineration, namely, taking into account the pyrolysis and oxidation processes, three-dimensional formulation, etc.
Beratung und die Nomosbildung in Nachtrennungsfamilien
Authors: Halatcheva-Trapp Maya
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Trennungs- und Scheidungsberatung, ein Handlungsfeld der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe, dem seit der Einführung des gemeinsamen Sorgerechts im Rahmen der Kindschaftsrechtsreform 1998 die vorrangige Zuständigkeit für die Regulierung von Familien nach elterlicher Trennung zukommt. Ausgehend von der These, dass auch Nachtrennungsfamilien Prozesse der Nomosbildung durchlaufen, zeigt der Beitrag, mit welchen Sinn- und Sozialisationsangeboten Eltern in der Trennungs- und Scheidungsberatung adressiert werden, und stellt dabei eine ambivalente Verschränkung von Gleichberechtigung und Geschlechterungleichheit in der beraterischen Auslegung von gemeinsamer Sorge fest.
Activate, Inactive, Activity.
Authors:   , Ruffell Maximus
Published: October 2021

Sports facilities in the Central Wellington area cater to physical activity for only a select portion of the population. Most of the time use is determined by the posts at each end of the field. Through the process of design research, I will test ways of maximizing space which is not used in thesefacilities to bring more physical and recreational options to the wider community. The theory of active living will influence the design as it has been associated with preventing diseases andimproving mental health. However, to increase physical activity in the community there needs to be new and improved devices that will encourage physical and social activity. This researchassignment will test what sports and physical activities can co-exist in the same space, maximizing the usage of land in an undulating and shrinking city. Reshaping these facilities will offer options that do not require consistent commitment and can be used whenever the user can dedicate time to recreation, shifting away from traditional sport and using other solutions to keep the community active. This I hope will stimulate and increase community mental health and reduce the risks of non-communicable diseases.
Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?
Authors:   , Hooper Joanna
Published: October 2021

The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF OS OF SUBALGEBRAS AND INVARIANT SOLUTION OF THE BLACK-SCHOLES EQUATION
Authors: Hussain Zahid
Published: October 2021

In this manuscript, the Lie group technique is applied to construct a new OS and invariant solutions of a one-dimensional LA, which describes the symmetries properties of a nonlinear Black-Scholes model. The structure of LA depends on one parameter. We have shown a novel way to construct the so-called OS of subalgebras of the Black-Scholes equation by utilizing the given symmetries. We transform the symmetries of the Black-Scholes equation into a simple ordinary differential equation called the Lie equation, which provides us a way through which to construct a new optimal scheme of subalgebras of the Black-Scholes through applying the concept of LE. The OS which consists of minimal representatives is utilized to develop the invariant solution for the Black-Scholes equation. The fundamental use of the Lie group analysis to the differential equation is the categorization of group invariant solutions of differential equations via OS. Finally, we have utilized the OS to construct the invariant solution of the Black-Scholes equation.
GASOLINE CONSUMPTION PREDICTION VIA DATA MINING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Gholamveisy Soma
Published: October 2021

Due to the increasing dependence of human life on energy, it plays a crucial role in the functioning of the various economic sectors of the countries, potentially and actually. Fuel products, especially gasoline, given their importance in the transportation sector, play major roles in the economic growth and development of countries. Hence, the authorities in each country have to control the fuel supply and demand parameters accurately with a more accurate prediction of fuel consumption and proper planning in the direction of consumption. The purpose of this study is to find appropriate methods and approaches for forecasting gasoline consumption in Tehran using data mining methods. For this purpose, daily consumption data of gasoline stations were collected in 5 different regions of Tehran during the period of 2008-2013. Then, these numbers were predicted on a daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal basis for analyzing the consumption at different time intervals. The standardization method was also used to match the scales. After data pre-processing, gasoline consumption was predicted using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network method. The gasoline consumption forecast was evaluated based on the mean squared error (MSE), mean, and mean absolute error (MAE) criteria. The results indicate that the artificial neural network (ANN) can accurately predict gasoline consumption in five different regions of Tehran.
Grade 12 Learners’ Perceptions of Opportunities to Learn Imperfect Market Structures: Frances Baard District
Authors: Manzi Wellington Itai , Mosia Moeketsi , Moreeng Boitumelo , Masvosve Thomas
Published: October 2021

This empirical study sought to investigate the grade 12 economics learners’ perceptions of opportunities to learn imperfect market structures in selected schools in the Francis Baard District of Northern Cape. A quantitative research approach was employed, where a questionnaire was administered to 253 Grade 12 economics learners from three schools in Galeshewe. The questionnaire was based on four Opportunities to Learn (OTL) variables; content exposure, content emphasis, quality of instruction, and instructional resources. Data were analysed through excel 365 and then through SPSS. Overall, the study showed that little or no opportunities to learn were being created for learners to master the concept of imperfect market structures. This study is significant because it helps to make known to both the learners and teachers, the factors influencing learners’ learning outcomes related to imperfect market structures. Learners must also be encouraged to exhibit a positive attitude towards the subject, while the economics teachers should put in the required effort to improve the learning outcomes in schools.
How Cannabis Use Status Affects Responses to Anti- Cannabis Messages
Authors: Stevens Elise , Leshner Glenn , Cohn Amy , Kim Seunghyun , Wagener Theodore
Published: October 2021

Background: The current study examined how cannabis use status impacts cognitive and emotional reactions to public health campaigns about cannabis, and the degree to which these reactions influence message likeability and attitudes about cannabis-related harms. Methods: In a between-subjects design, 252 subjects recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk viewed six real-world cannabis education messages: three message themes (cognitive ability, driving, and health harms) from each of two real-world public campaigns. Subjects answered questions measuring their cognitive and emotional reactions to each message as well as message likeability and harm perceptions of cannabis. Analyses examined the mediating effects of message responsiveness on the association between baseline cannabis use (user vs non-user) with indices of liking and harm. Results: For all three message themes, informativeness ratings mediated the effect of cannabis user status on the outcomes of perceived harmfulness and message likeability. Specifically, cannabis users perceived cannabis as less harmful and reported all messages as less likeable compared to non-users, partly because they perceived the messages to be less informative than non-users. Surprisingly, users found some of the messages to be more pleasant, which was associated with increased perceptions of harm and message liking compared to non-users. Conclusions: Cannabis education campaigns that take into account differences in emotional and cognitive reactions by use experience, rather than use a “one size fits all” approach, could possibly maximally impact likeability and harm perceptions of these messages.
Comparison of CBD and Cannabis Use Motives
Authors: Bilaonova Aksinya , Phillips Joy , Anderson Kristen
Published: October 2021

Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, has increasingly gained popularity as a cure-all product and is now found in products across a variety of industries. Despite the surge in popularity, little remains known about individual motives and patterns of CBD use. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences between motives for CBD and cannabis use as well as comparing motives for younger and older users. Participants (N = 174) were recruited via Amazon MTurk and were asked to complete an anonymous survey assessing their CBD and cannabis use, effects, and motives for use. The greatest differences between self-reported CBD and cannabis use were for side-effect profiles. While the recreational use motive was more commonly endorsed for cannabis, use for beauty purposes was more common for CBD. No age group differences emerged for motives to use CBD or cannabis. Future research examining age-related differences in a larger, more age-diverse samples is recommended.
A quantitative analysis of translation strategies used in the translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice into Polish
Authors: Karwacka Wioleta
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the standardisation and translation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). The material used in the analysis is the ICNP in translation into Polish. The terms are grouped into the following categories: cross-cultural equivalent, terminological equivalent, descriptive equivalent, calques and borrowings, neologism. The results indicate which is the most frequent strategy involved using cross-cultural equivalents (1987 terms, 49.96 %). Calques and borrowings are present in 1025 terms (25.77 %), 904 (22.73 %) terms are terminological equivalents. There were only 61 (1.53 %) descriptive equivalents. No neologisms were found in the Classification.
The Effectiveness of Hypnobreastfeeding and Marmet Techniques in Improving Breast Milk Production
Authors: Rusmilawaty Rusmilawaty , Hapisah Hapisah , Rafidah Rafidah
Published: October 2021

Background: Breast milk as a natural food is the best food that a mother can give to a newborn child. Judging from the factor of peace of mind and mind to produce good breast milk, the mental condition and mind must be calm. The psychological state of the mother who is depressed, sad, stressed, anxious, depressed and tense will reduce the volume of breast milk. One of the methods that can be done to increase milk production is Hypnobreastfeed­ing and marmet technique.The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of hypno­­breastfeeding and marmet techniques in increasing breast milk production.
Subjects and Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equiva­lent control group design. The population in this study were pregnant women ≥36 weeks in the Banjar District Health Center in 2019 (Ara­nio, Astambul and Mataraman). The sample of the study was 45 pregnant women ≥36 weeks consisting of 3 groups, namely the group that received hypno­breastfeeding treatment, the group that received the marmet technique treatment and the group that did not get the treatment consisted of 15 people each. Biva­ri­able analysis used the one way anova statistical test.
Results: Breast milk production in the hypno­breasfeeding group Hypnobreastfeeding vs con­trol group (mean= 2.00; SD= 0.50; p= 0.001); The marmet technique vc marmet technique group (mean= 1.87; SD= 0.50; p= 0.002). The marmet technique vc control group (mean= -18.7; SD= 0.50; p= 0.002).
Conclusion: Pregnant women should get hypnobreasfeeding during pregnancy and after giving birth, health workers, especially mid­wives, to have hypnobreasfeeding skills.
Re-use of a 300 m steel arch bridge
Authors: Tjepkema Daan , Delrue Sabine , de Meijier Felix , van Dooren Frank
Published: October 2021

The Van Brienenoordbrug consists of two steel tied arch bridges of 300m span, the east was built in 1965 and the west arch was built in 1990. They carry the A16 highway, a crucial part of the Dutch infrastructure network near the port of Rotterdam. The west arch has been suffering from fatigue in the orthotropic deck and Arup was assigned by Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch highway authority), to design a renovation for the west arch. The renovation required a solution for the orthotropic deck and strengthening of the main load carrying structure. After extensive investigation of the renovation under traffic it was concluded the total execution time of 1.5 years and the accompanying safety risks made it not the best solution. Instead Arup proposed an alternative solution in which the wish for less hindrance aligned with the sustainable goals of both Arup and Rijkswaterstaat. Arup and RHDHV work in a joint venture, the Managing Contractor, on the renovation of steel bridges for RWS.
Choosing an appropriate housing methodology for holistic societal needs
Authors: Wium Jan Andries , Van der Watt Gerdus
Published: October 2021

When involved in the provision of infrastructure, engineers need to be cognisant of the needs of society. The paper considers the provision of affordable housing to the acceptance of the beneficiaries, whilst contributing to societal needs through creation of local employment opportunities. The associated lack of skills and a vast number of projects lead to challenges in management of construction quality.

Construction quality is therefore considered as a driving factor in the choice of a construction methodology. Lessons from past studies are used to formulate a construction concept for low-cost housing. The lessons from this study can be extrapolated for the development of all civil and structural infrastructure. It demonstrates the need for holistic solutions to find a balance between societal needs and project requirements.
The assessment, strengthening and widening of Thames Bray Bridge
Authors: Collings David
Published: October 2021

The original Thames Bray Bridge was constructed between 1939 and 1961. It consists of a 112m long 82m span bridge. It was one of the UK’s first welded, stiffened, profiled plate girder bridge with a concrete deck connected with shear connectors. The bridge has undergone a number of inspections, assessments, strengthening and stiffening over the years. In 2015 planning for the upgrading of the highway to Smart Motorway status began. At Thames Bray Bridge there are no hard shoulders and so widening of the bridge was required. This paper outlines the strength assessment of the bridge, the assessment of resilience from failure of ties and of increased river flows due to climate change. It outlines the additional refined assessments carried out to more realistically estimate the capacity of the bridge. The paper outlines the local strengthening and the new asymmetric widening design that visually followed closely the original bridge.
Influence of the floor systems on the sustainability of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Traykova Marina , Chardakova Tanya
Published: October 2021

The presented paper analyzes the influence of the choice of floor systems on the sustainability of the whole structure. The paper deals with some of the most popular seismic-resistant structures for buildings – reinforced concrete ductile wall and frame systems. Finding the optimal solution that meets the architectural and structural requirements, while giving a minimal environmental footprint is a challenging task.

The aim of the paper is to make a comparison of different design solutions, based on their structural analysis, in order to demonstrate the influence of our engineering decisions on the environmental impact.
Sustainable and environmentally friendly zinc coatings for protecting steel bridges in Europe
Authors: van Leeuwen M. C. , Gangé P. M. , Duran B. , Prenger F.
Published: October 2021

Metallic zinc coatings are well established as cost-effective corrosion protection for steel bridges. The zinc coating acts first as barrier protection, isolating the base steel from corrosive elements, and secondly by cathodic protection, acting as a sacrificial anode to protect the steel should the coating be compromised. Bridge operators can be confronted by disproportional high maintenance costs for bridges in use as removal of (in)organic paint systems with hazardous and toxic compounds require expensive waste disposal and environmental protection measures. Metallic zinc coatings are recognized as environmentally friendly, sustainable, and low maintenance, providing the lowest life cycle cost corrosion protection. Various case studies with bridges protected with metallic zinc coatings in and outside Europe are illustrated.
Hurricane risk assessment of offshore wind turbines under changing climate
Authors: Snaiki Reda , Wu Teng
Published: October 2021

Offshore wind energy is attracting increasing attention across the North America. However, the offshore wind turbines along the East Coast are extremely vulnerable to hurricane-induced hazards. The vulnerability to hurricanes is expected to change due to global warming’s effects. This study quantifies the risk of floating wind turbines (FWTs) subjected to hurricane hazards under current and future climate scenarios. The hurricane hazard estimation is achieved using a hurricane track model which generates a large synthetic database of hurricanes allowing for accurate risk estimation. The structural response of the FWTs during each hurricane event is obtained using an efficient physics-based 3-D model. The case study results involving a parked FWT indicate that the change in hurricane-induced risk, evaluated in terms of the magnification factor, to the FWTs would significantly increase with the intensity measure.
An energy-robust nonlinear energy sink with inerter
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wang Bin , Zheng Yuqiang
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an inerter-enhanced nonlinear mass damper developed from an asymmetric nonlinear energy sink (Asym NES), which adds an inerter between the auxiliary mass of the Asym NES and a fixed point. The size of the Asym NES-inerter (Asym NESI) can be significantly reduced due to the inerter providing a large inertial effect with limited physical mass involved. The design concept of the Asym NESI will be described first. Subsequently, the performance of the Asym NESI will be evaluated on a three-story frame structure through computational investigations. Results show that the Asym NESI exhibites strong robustness against changes in both energy level and structural frequency. Driven by the inertial effect, the Asym NESI is excellent in control performance and installation flexibility under the seismic excitation considered, demonstrating great potential as a superior control strategy for response mitigation of building structures.
Bearing systems for light rail bridges
Authors: Marioni Agostino , Banfi Marco , Dalpedri Roberto , Marenda Ivan
Published: October 2021

Light Railways are very frequently utilized for Mass Transit Systems to reduce the traffic impact in congested urban areas. Bridges for the Light Railways, even if their static scheme is often very simple, are peculiar structures where the interactions between vehicles, rail and bearings play a fundamental role. An important aspect of the bearings for Light Rail bridges, frequently requiring special solutions, is also the very high train frequency and the relatively high deformation of the structures under load, implying extremely high performance requirements and fatigue resistance of the bearings . In some cases, as for instance in monorail lines, also uplift forces shall be considered. The authors, currently involved in the design and supply of the structural bearings for several Light Rail projects in the world (Thailand, Egypt, Indonesia and others), describe the different solutions of the bearing systems currently utilized, putting in evidence the fatigue and wear resistance problems.
Condition assessment of in situ elastomeric bearings
Authors: Rossi Edoardo , D’Amato Michele , Gigliotti Rosario , Sebastiani Marco
Published: October 2021

Elastomeric bearings used as seismic isolation devices are key elements in the protection of constructions against earthquakes. They enable structures to exhibit very high performances when subject to extreme events, preventing damage both to structural and non-structural components. Their characteristics, however, are prone to change with time due to long term effects such as aging. Regular inspection and monitoring of their state are thus fundamental activities needed to ensure the required performances. The present work reviews the most common strategies adopted for such purpose, including visual inspections, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), and quick release tests. An innovative characterisation method is also presented. Such method, with the use of a nanoindenter, enables testing of a small rubber sample (3 mm in diameter) cored from a device. Its suitability is confirmed through a comparison of the same device tested in a traditional setup.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of tests of reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Zarate Garnica G. I. , Yang Y. , Lantsoght E. O. L.
Published: October 2021

In the Netherlands, many existing reinforced concrete slab bridges were built more than 50 years ago. Upon assessment with the new codes, a large number of this type of bridge rate insufficiently. Since many of these existing bridges present complex material properties and boundary conditions, proof load testing is considered an effective method to assess their capacity. However, to be able to safely apply proof load testing on slab bridges, verification in the laboratory is necessary. Therefore, experiments on reinforced concrete slabs of 5 m × 2,5 m × 0,3 m under a concentrated load with varying shear span to depth ratios are carried out in the laboratory of Delft University of Technology. Additionally, nonlinear finite element analysis is used to simulate the experiments following the guidelines of nonlinear finite element analysis published by the Dutch ministry of infrastructure and water management. The results from the finite element and experimental analyses are compared in terms of peak load, failure mode, and crack pattern. A good agreement between the experimental and numerical investigations is observed.
Performance assessment on degrading concrete structures including considerations on the time variant alteration
Authors: Binder Fritz , Burtscher Stefan L. , Strauss Alfred
Published: October 2021

The infrastructure of ASFiNAG is mainly built from reinforced and prestressed concrete, which despite all regular maintenance measures, is subject to ageing and degradation. The major degradation process is chloride attack, followed by carbonation, which both lead to corrosion of the reinforcing steel. In this paper chlorides in the concrete are analysed with a new method, which represents a major improvement over previous assessment. The paper also introduces a new concept for the durability assessment by using objective indicators, like chloride content, electrical resistivity, and corrosion potential. For objectivity and a reliable determination of the condition state, an overall performance index derived from the condition indices using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted. The model is applied to excellent and dense data from a monitoring system and investigations taken from reinforced concrete components beside the motorway.
A finite element model updated by artificial neural networks to explain the behaviour of the Z24 Swiss bridge in different temperature states.
Authors: Iakovidis Iason , Morfidis‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ Konstantinos
Published: October 2021

A Finite Element (FE) model of bridge Z24 was developed to reflect its dynamic response and investigate the physical reasons behind the large variations observed on its natural modal properties during a 7-month continuous monitoring campaign conducted before its demolition in 1997. A significant increase in natural frequencies was observed especially during the winter period, something which was explained as a consequence of deck stiffness increase and boundary conditions change, due to the formation of ice layers on the deck and supports.

The paper concentrates on the procedure of developing a FE model update process, which employs Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which are trained using data generated through the Monte Carlo process and analysed within the FE model of the bridge. The aim of this procedure is to calibrate the FE update sensitivity parameters in such a way as to replicate the dynamic behaviour of the bridge based on real-time measured eigenvalues obtained during monitoring for five different temperature states at -10 oC, -5 oC, 0 oC, 5 oC and 10oC.
Long-term vibration monitoring on railway bridge KW51 in Leuven, Belgium
Authors: Maes Kristof , Lombaert Geert
Published: October 2021

Railway bridge KW51 in Leuven, Belgium, has been continuously monitored since October 2018. During the monitoring, the bridge was retrofitted to resolve a construction error that was noticed during inspection. The aim of the measurements is twofold. First, the strain measurements on the bridge deck are used to validate virtual strain sensing, which can be embedded in continuous fatigue monitoring to assess the stress cycles under train loading in critical details which are not measured. Second, it is investigated to what extent continuous monitoring of the modal characteristics of the bridge enables detecting changes in the structure that could potentially be attributed to damage. In this case, the retrofitting results in an actual state transition, which, as shown, can be identified from the natural frequency data. This paper summarizes the first results of the measurement campaign.