bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Changes after Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy With Intraoperative Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: An OCT Angiography Analysis
Authors: Baldascino Antonio , Carlà Matteo Mario , Vielmo Lorenzo , Gambini Gloria , Marzano Francesca Carolina , Margollicci Fabio , D'Onofrio Nicola , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: January 2024

Background: We aimed to explore microvascular changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with intravitreal Ozurdex implantation, compared with standard PPV. (2) Methods: Prospective interventional analysis on 25 eyes undergoing PPV+Ozurdex (Group A) and 25 eyes undergoing PPV alone. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA parameters, such as vessel density (VD) of the superficial and deep capillary plexi (SCP and DCP) in the whole 6.4x6.4 mm and fovea area, were evaluated preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. (3) Results: Postoperative BCVA significantly improved in both groups. No cases of post-operative cystoid macular edema (CME) were reported in Group A vs. 2 eyes in Group B. In Group A we found a statistically significant increase of SCP’s VD in either the whole image (from 42.1±4.1 to 45.6±4.3 %, p=0.01) and the fovea image (from 38.5±7.5 to 41.7±4.2%, p=0.03). In Group B, we reported no significant variations in the SCP’s VDs. In the DCP, VD significantly increased only in the whole image in Group A. Stage 4 ERMs showed the greatest improvement in VD, especially in Group A. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, intraoperative Ozurdex prompted a significant BCVA recover and limited the occurrence of postoperative CME compared to the standard procedure. Moreover, Ozurdex implant is associated with a better restoration of microvascular structure in either SCP and DCP.
Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration at the Low Sulphidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, Nw Turkey
Authors: KIRAY DİDEM , Cengiz Oya
Published: January 2024

This study identifies the facies and degrees of hydrothermal alteration related to the low sulphida-tion epithermal Kestanelik Au deposit in the Biga Peninsula metallogenic province through petro-graphic studies and analysis of geochemical characteristics, such as mass changes, molar element ratios, and alteration indices. The gold mineralization is located in silicified zones containing veins and stockwork veinlets of quartz. These zones are found within the Permian-Upper Cretaceous aged Çamlıca basement metamorphics and Eocene aged Kestanelik granodiorite of the Karabiga Massif on the Biga Peninsula. The mineralization is influenced by tectonic structures such as quartz veins and faults. In the Kestanelik Au deposit, common hydrothermal alteration occurs mainly in the metamorphics and granodiorite, and less often in volcanic rocks. Based on miner-alogical and geochemical studies conducted on altered samples, four different alteration facies were defined as silicic, sericitic, argillic and propylitic, which show remarkable differences in the behaviour of REE, Si, K, Al, Na and Ca elements. The characterization of rocks subjected to hy-drothermal alteration that are most influenced by diverse K metasomatism with the largest K gains and losses of Na-Ca, is illustrated by molar element ratio plots. Depending on the severity of K-metasomatism, gold mineralization rises with increasing K trends towards gold ore veins. In the Kestanelik Au field, the alteration types of argillic, sericitic, propylitic and adularia from the alter-ation zones enclosing the Au ore veins, were revealed by the alteration index and chlo-rite-carbonate-pyrite index. Mass changes in the altered rocks indicate that there are gains in Si, K, Al, and losses in Na and Ca with the increasing intensity of alteration towards the Kestanelik ore veins. The results confirm the presence of silicic and K-metasomatic (sericite and argillic) propylit-ic (Fe-rich chloride) alteration zoning extending from the inner regions to the outer regions, which characterize the epithermal ore systems. It has been revealed from the data obtained in this study that the intensity of potassium metasomatism that occurs in acidic rocks is greater than that found in intermediate and mafic rocks. The hydrothermal fluids that cause alteration in Kestanelik Au mineralization and host rocks had low contents of REE due to REE mobilization, and the kaolini-zation of feldspars and micas, and the chloritization of biotite and feldspars, may cause negative Eu anomalies.
Alternative Approach of Firefly Algorithm and Hybrid Method Based on the Artificial Bees Colony and Cultural Algorithm for Reservoir Operation
Authors: Phumiphan Aujit , Kosasaeng Suwapat , Sriwanpheng Ounla , Hormwichian Rattana , Kangrang Anongrit
Published: January 2024

In reservoir operations rule curves, it is necessary to apply rule curves to guide long-term reservoir management. This paper proposes an approach to optimize the reservoir operation rule curves (RORC) using intelligent optimization techniques from the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and a unique combination method utilizing the Artificial Bees Colony and Cultural Algorithm (ABC-CA). The aim is to establish a connection with the simulation model to determine the optimal RORC for flood control. The proposed model was used to determine the Nam-Oon Reservoir (NOR) is optimal flood control RORC in Northeastern Thailand. The minimum frequency and a minimum average of ex-cess water were given as an objective function for assessing the efficiency of the search process. The evaluation of the effectiveness of flood control RORC involved expressing water scarcity and excess water situations in terms of frequency, magnitude, and duration using historical inflow data syn-thesized from 1000 events. The results demonstrate that when using the obtained RORC to simulate the NOR system for reducing flooding in long-term operations, situations of excess water were smaller than those using the current RORC. The results indicated that situations of excess water using the obtained RORC from the proposed model were smaller than those using the current RORC situations. In decreasing flood situations, the newly acquired RORC from the suggested FA and ABC-CA models performed better than the current RORC.
AI- Light Spectrum Replicator (LSR): A Novel Simulated In Situ Lab/on-Deck Incubator
Authors: Puškarić Staša , Sokač Mateo , Ninčević Živana , Prelesnik Heliodor , Børsheim Knut Yngve
Published: January 2024

In this communication, we present a new simulated in situ lab/on-deck incubator, light spectrum replicator (LSR), and method to simulate the measured in situ HOCR light spectrum curves in incubation chambers. Carbon flux studies require detailed knowledge of primary and secondary production, including an understanding of temporal and spatial scales of variation. Interpretation of the processes involved during measurements continues to be difficult [1] since the incubation of the samples does not permit the study of rapid variations in carbon assimilation. Further, the significance of Dissolved Organic Matter of DOM in primary production is gaining attention as many autotrophic species are known for using organic substrates for growth, even in the dark [2–4] and since a significant portion of DOM can be accounted for from active release of intracellular metabolites by microbial consortia [5]. On the other hand, the major uncertainties in bacterial production measurements lie with the conversion factors used to calculate bacterial production (BP). For a given thymidine incorporation rate, estimates of BP can range by a factor of more than 20 [6,7]. Even though various new analytical tools have emerged [8], understanding of complex patterns of interactions within the microbial loop remains an open question.
Enhancing Cervical Cancer Screening: Review of p16/Ki-67 Dual Staining as a Promising Triage Strategy
Authors: Ouh Yung-Taek , Kim Ho Yeon , Yi Kyong Wook , Lee Nak-Woo , Kim Hai-Joong , Min Kyung-Jin
Published: January 2024

Cervical cancer, primarily caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types 16 and 18, is a major global health concern. Persistent HR-HPV infection can progress from reversible pre-cancerous lesions to invasive cervical cancer, which is driven by the oncogenic activity of human papillomavirus (HPV) genes, particularly E6 and E7. Traditional screening methods, including cytology and HPV testing, have limited sensitivity and specificity. This review explores the ap-plication of p16/Ki-67 dual-staining cytology for cervical cancer screening. This advanced im-munocytochemical method allows for simultaneously detecting p16 and Ki-67 proteins within cervical epithelial cells, offering a more specific approach for triaging HPV-positive women. Dual staining and traditional methods are compared, demonstrating their high sensitivity and negative predictive value but low specificity. The increased sensitivity of dual staining results in higher detection rates of CIN2+ lesions, which is crucial for preventing cervical cancer progression. However, its low specificity may lead to increased false-positive results and unnecessary biopsies. The implications of integrating dual staining into contemporary screening strategies, particularly considering the evolving landscape of HPV vaccination and changes in HPV genotype prevalence are also discussed. New guidelines and further research are necessary to elucidate the long-term effects of integrating dual staining into screening protocols.
Microbiome Modeling: A Beginner’s Guide
Authors: Lange Emanuel , Kranert Lena , Krüger Jacob , Benndorf Dirk , Heyer Robert
Published: January 2024

Microbiomes, comprised of diverse microbial species and viruses, play pivotal roles in human health, environmental processes, and biotechnological applications and interact with themselves, their environment, and hosts via metabolites and signaling molecules. Our understanding of microbiomes is still limited and hampered by their complexity. A concept improving this understanding is systems biology, which focuses on the holistic description of biological systems utilizing experimental and computational methods. An important set of such experimental methods are metaomics methods which analyze microbiomes and output lists of molecular features. These lists of data are integrated, interpreted, and compiled into computational microbiome models, to predict, optimize, and control microbiome behavior. There exists a gap in understanding between microbiologists and modelers/bioinformaticians, stemming from a lack of interdisciplinary knowledge. This knowledge gap hinders the establishment of computational models in microbiome analysis. This review aims to bridge this gap and is tailored for microbiologists, researchers new to microbiome modeling, and bioinformaticians. To achieve this goal, it provides an interdisciplinary overview of microbiome modeling, starting with fundamental knowledge of microbiomes, metagenomics methods, and modeling formalisms. Furthermore, the review explains model building, examples of microbiome model applications for prediction, optimization, and control. It concludes with guidelines, software, and repositories for modeling. Each section provides entry-level information, serving as a valuable resource for comprehending and navigating the complex landscape of microbiome research and modeling.
Ligand Impact on the Charge and Molecular Properties of 1,2, 3-Triazole-Ce(III) Complex With Antioxidant Activity: Structure, Spectroscopy and Relationships
Authors: Palafox M. Alcolea , Belskaya Nataliya , Todorov Lozan , Hristova-Avakumova Nadya , Kostova Irena P.
Published: January 2024

Four models of Ce(III) complexes with four ligands based on a 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were studied at four DFT levels. The effect of different ligands on the atomic charge value on the cerium ion was analyzed. Several relationships were clearly established between this atomic charge and that of the surrounding atoms, as well as with several geometric parameters of the ligand and with the molecular properties of the Ce(III) complex. The experimental IR and Raman spectra of the newly obtained Ce(III) complex with the (pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate ligand were interpreted based on their comparison to the theoretical scaled ones using the scaling equations determined by two procedures and four DFT levels. Therefore, the structure predicted for the synthesized Ce(III) complex was clearly characterized and confirmed. The potential antioxidant action of Ce(III) complex was elucidated and compared with other Ln(III) complexes in order to find out the differences in their biological activity profiles.
Effects of Weeds Interference Frequency on the Yield and Quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch in an Arid and Semi-arid Area of Northwest China
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Ma Bin , Liu Hua , Bao Yangmei , Niu Ying , Li Ming
Published: January 2024

Globally, weeds interfere with agricultural production activities and have a very serious impact on agriculture and animal husbandry. Identifying a safe and reliable weed control strategy might increase yield, production net income, and improve crop quality. A field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of weeds interference frequency on the yield and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch in an arid and semi-arid area of northwest China. The experiment consisted of seven treatments and were (1) no weeding, marked as WF0; (2)-(7) artificial weeding by hoe once every 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks after emergence, marked as WF1, WF2, WF4, WF6, WF8 and WF10, respectively. We found that the higher weeding frequency had a higher the plant height, photosynthesis, yield and quality. The highest yield was obtained in the WF1 treatment, while the cost of weeding was the highest among all treatments. The concentration of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were increased by 53.24% and 36.57%, with the highest nitrogen metabolism enzymatic activities and quality in WF4 treatment. WF4 treatment exhibited the largest increases in the net income among all treatments in both growing seasons, with respective increases up to 71.39 % and 78.81%. These findings suggested that weeding once every 4 weeks would be an effective and sustainable measure to control weeds in an arid and semi-arid area.
Bone Regeneration Therapy Using Biodegradable Scaffolds: Cal-Cium Phosphate Bioceramics and Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Aoki Kaoru , Ideta Hirokazu , Komatsu Yukiko , Tanaka Atsushi , Kito Munehisa , Okamoto Masanori , Takahashi Jun , Suzuki Shuichiro , Saito Naoto
Published: January 2024

Synthetic bone made of calcium phosphate is widely used for the clinical treatment of bone defects caused by trauma and bone tumors. Although synthetic bone is easy to use, its effects are only partial depending on the size and location of the bone defect, and there are many treatment options other than the use of synthetic bone. Various biodegradable polymers that are being considered for use as scaffolds for regenerative medicine are also being considered for use as synthetic bones; however, commercial synthetic bone products with performance comparable to that of calcium phosphate bioceramics have not yet been clinically applied. This review introduces the practice of bone regeneration therapy with synthetic bone and recent research on bone regeneration therapy with biodegradable polymers.
Influence of the Membrane Mass Transfer Properties Study Technique on the Process Simulation Results
Authors: Kryuchkov Sergey S. , Smorodin Kirill A. , Atlaskin Artem A. , Stepakova Anna N. , Tsivkovsky Nikita S. , Atlaskina Maria E. , Petukhov Anton N. , Vorotyntsev Andrey V. , Vorotyntsev Ilya V.
Published: January 2024

The presented work is aimed at studying the gas transport characteristics of polymeric hollow-fibre gas separation membranes. Such materials as: polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene oxide (PFO), polyetherimide (PEI), polyetherimide with polyimide (PEI+PI) were studied on the example of air mixture separation. The values of the permeances of pure gases O2 and N2 and the mixed permeances of oxygen and nitrogen during air separation were obtained. Mathematical models of the gas separation process built on the basis of these values show significant discrepancies. To obtain a gas mixture with 95 mol.% nitrogen from air, taking into account the mixture permeance, 15.8% more PSF membrane area is required than taking into account the permeance of pure gases. For a PPO membrane this value is 13.9%, for PEI 19.8% less area is required, and for PEI+PI 15.9% less. In the design of industrial or semi-industrial membrane installations, such discrepancies can lead to significant errors, including technical and economic ones.
Leveraging Mobile Health for Rehabilitation of Long-COVID Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Daniels Kim , Mourad Joanna , Bonnechère Bruno
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial revolution in the incorporation of digital solutions in healthcare. This systematic review investigates the enduring physical and psychological consequences individuals experience up to two years post-recovery. Additionally, it focuses on examining the influence of mHealth interventions on these effects. Significantly, 41.7% of survivors experience lingering symptoms that have not been addressed, while 14.1% encounter difficulties in returning to work. The presence of anxiety, compromised respiratory functioning, and persistent symptoms highlight the immediate requirement for specific therapies. Telehealth, particularly telerehabilitation, presents itself as a possible way to address these difficulties. The study thoroughly examines 10 studies encompassing 749 COVID-19 patients, investigating the efficacy of telerehabilitation therapies in addressing various health markers. Telerehabilitation-based breathing exercises yield substantial enhancements in functional performance, dyspnea, and overall well-being. The results emphasize the potential of telerehabilitation to have a favorable effect on patient outcomes, however more research is needed to strengthen the existing evidence basis as one of the most important limitation is the limited number of trials and the evaluation of varied therapies. The analysis highlights the significance of digital solutions in post-COVID care and calls for ongoing research to improve comprehension and implementation of telehealth interventions in a swiftly changing healthcare environment.
The Economic Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Romania: A Broad Perspective
Authors: Nicolescu Alin Codrut , Strilciuc Stefan , Lapadatu Rozalina , Grad Diana Alecsandra , Vladescu Cristian , Olteanu Rodica
Published: January 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common dermatological condition, is often associated with significant economic and social burdens. Despite extensive studies globally, there is a gap in understanding the comprehensive impact of this condition in Romania. Objectives:This study evaluated the economic burden and quality of life impact of AD in Romania, considering both direct and indirect costs. Materials & Methods:A mixed-methods study was conducted from April to October 2023, involving 826 responses from AD patients and caregivers. Surveys, interviews, and national health data analysis were used to assess direct medical costs (treatments, medical services), direct non-medical costs (transportation, accommodation), and indirect costs (productivity losses). Quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L instrument. Results:The total cost of AD in Romania for 2021 was 30.418.896 EUR, with a significant proportion attributed to indirect costs. The average per-patient cost was approximately 164 EUR. The average cost per patient was 33 EUR (n=42.206) for mild cases, 355 EUR (n=110.160) for moderate cases, and 2448 EUR (n=33828) for severe cases. The data revealed a higher burden in patients with moderate to severe AD, predominantly female, with significant impacts on daily life and mental health. Conclusion:The expenditure on AD management in Romania is substantially lower compared to other countries, thus posing a significant economic burden, largely driven by indirect costs. This study provides a foundation for future policy interventions and highlights the need for targeted management strategies for AD.
Virulence Genes and Genomic Features of Colistin Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonizing the Intestinal Tracts of Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Uganda.
Authors: Magulye Maximilian A.K. , Maghembe Reuben S. , Sekyanzi Simon , Achan Beatrice , Mwesigwa Savannah , Katagirya Eric
Published: January 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of healthcare acquired infections. The severity of the infections is multifactorial including virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties. The objective of the study was to investigate the virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae strains colonizing patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Uganda. A hospital based cross-sectional study involving 103 patients admitted in the ICU of Mulago National Referral hospital was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022. A total of 31 identified clinical strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from rectal swabs of the same number of patients were characterized. Susceptibility testing of colistin was performed by broth microdilution method, thereafter, 5 colistin resistant K. pneumoniae were purposefully selected for whole genome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using established web-based tools to detect virulence genes, sequence type and other genomic features. Numerous virulence factor genes related to pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae were identified. They ranged from those related to colonization to those of persistence and dissemination including capsule genes (wzi), siderophore systems; yersiniabactin (ybt15), aerobactin (iutA), enterobactin (entC, entD, entF, entS, fepB, fepD, fepG, fes), and salmochelin (iroN), secretion systems; type II (T2SS) and type VI (T6SS-1). Furthermore, the isolates harbored outer membrane protein (ompA) gene, biofilm synthesis gene (fimH) and several adhesion genes. The results demonstrate the dual-risk of K. pneumoniae strains combining high level of virulence and colistin resistance which is a great concern as it leads to unmanageable infection outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality.
Alacak Verecek Davalarında Davalı ve Davacı Kadınlar: Üsküdar Mahkemesi [1596-1603]
Authors: YÜCETÜRK Seher
Published: January 2024

Üsküdar Klasik dönemde hem Osmanlı payitahtına olan yakınlığı ve hem de Asya ve Avrupa’yı birleştiren stratejik bir konumda olması sebebiyle ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi, dini, etnik bakımdan klasik dönem Anadolu yerleşimlerine göre çok daha fazla nüfuslu ve hareketli idi. Siyasi geçmiş itibari ile göç yolları üzerinde bulunmuş, toplumsal özelliği bakımından etnik gurupların kimi zaman uğrak noktası kimi zaman da yerleşim yeri olan bu bölge ticareti ile de ön plana çıkmıştır. Avrupa’dan Asya’ya oradan da Anadolu’ya getirilen malların geçiş güzergahında bulunması sayesinde kültürel, siyasi, ekonomik anlamda etkileşimler büyük canlılık kazanmıştır. Üsküdarlı varlıklı kadınlar da ticaretle uğraşmışlardır. Bu nedenle kimi zaman vakıflara olan borçları, vakıflardan alacağı borçları tahsil etme noktasında, kimi zaman annesine, kardeşine, eşine yakın akrabalarına veya ticaret-alışveriş yaptığı zimmilerden alacaklarını tahsil etmek için Üsküdar mahkemelerine başvurmuşlardır. Sadece ticaretle uğraşan kadınlar değil uğraşmayanlar da alacak verecek konusunda mahkemeye gelmişlerdir. Alacak verecek davalarında temel etkenler olarak kişilerin bir diğerine emanet verdiği herhangi bir emtiayı yeniden talep etmeleri halinde o emtianın verdiği kişiler tarafından tekrar kendilerine teslim edilmek istenmemesi, zaman içerisinde satılmış olması gibi hadiseler kadınları davacı yapmıştır. Aynı şekilde rehin konuları da bir diğerinden farklı sebeplerle kadınları mahkemeye getiren sebepler arasında bulunmaktadır. Tüm bu bilgilerin edinilmesi ve incelenmesi için Üsküdar şer’iyye sicillerine başvurulmuştur.
Developing a chatbot in quantities, denomination, and measurement: an artificial intelligence-based teaching materials
Authors: Setyaningrum Vidya , Erlina Erlina , Thongsan Nuchsara Choksuansup
Published: January 2024

The material of quantities, denomination, and measurement which are considered less interesting and difficult to understand. This is due to the content and structure of the material which does require prior knowledge to be understood so it seems difficult and a lot of prior knowledge and many abstract concepts. Based on this study, the solution that can be given is to develop a digital-based teaching material for science subjects in the form of a Chatbot. This study aims to develop a chatbot as a digital teaching material based on artificial intelligence in quantities, denomination, and measurement material. This research is development research using the 4D model. Data were collected using test and student response questionnaires. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistic. The developed chatbot validated by experts in terms of material, software, and language. The chatbot developed was then disseminated to 65 PGMI IAIN Pontianak students. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the chatbot of quantity, denomination, and measurement material has high validity. The result showed that students’ give the positive responses about the display, content and utilization of the chatbot. Based on the results of the calculation of N-gain obtained the result of 0.3. This means that the effectiveness of using chatbot is in the medium category. Therefore, this chatbot quantity, denomination, and measurement material is suitable for use as teaching material in college level.
Intersection of Animated Films, Religious Education, and Parenting: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Fadila Tifla Khairani , Damni Albertos
Published: January 2024

Parents introduce electronic screens to children because they are busy, want to provide religious viewing, and hope to develop children’s imagination. Then this study aims to dig deeper into the intersectionality of religious animated films that children watch, educational values, and parenting styles. This study chose a phenomenological study to analyze these social practices. Informants are parents who interpret children’s religious animated films as a system of positive norms, rules, and values. Nine groups of husband and wife became research informants. Interviews were used to obtain data which was analyzed according to the parents’ interpretive categories. Data representation is formed through the experiences and values that the informants believe. Interpretive conclusions come from data reductions obtained from informants and present research results away from the value bias that researchers believe. The reasons for the values parents feel toward children’s religious animated films are explained further in the study.
The Context of Professionalism among Early Childhood Education Teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Latifa Baiti , Eliza Delfi
Published: January 2024

The teacher is be told a professional teacher when he has basic competence as a teacher. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze in the professional context of early childhood teachers in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using qualitative research methods. Data collection is useful for obtaining the information needed to achieve research objectives. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 34 early childhood education teachers in Indonesia as respondents based on length of teaching. The results of the Professional Good Teacher research in the Context of Early Childhood Teachers in Indonesia concluded that a professional good teacher can be said if the teacher fulfills, 1) the requirements of a professional teacher; 2) have professional teacher competence; 3) have good ethics as a professional teacher; 4) teachers who meet National Standards (Law Number 20 of 2003) and International Standards (National Association for Early Young Children), and; 5) teachers who are linear in their fields, for example early childhood education teachers, the linear study is early childhood education. With the existence of government standards and regulation related to early childhood education professional teachers, it can be improved and developed so as to achieve quality education.
SELECTED RUSSIAN DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN 2000-2021
Authors:   Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novokuznetsk, Russia, Zhilina Nataliya
Published: January 2024

Significance. Fertility and mortality analysis helps identify major demographic risk zones. Recently, due to intensive development of digitalization in Russia, a lot of statistical information has become publicly available. Its generalization and analysis are necessary for developing social programs aimed at copying with the identified risk factors and improving the demographic situation. Analysis of the number of women of active reproductive age, total fertility rate, life expectancy, and gender-specific mortality rates are important steps in this direction. Significance of the topic is emphasized by the development and implementation of the national project "Demography" in the Russian Federation in 2019-2024. The purpose of the study was to implement a comparative and dynamic analysis of demographic indicators in Russia to identify risk zones and take effective measures to improve the situation. Material and methods. The analysis uses WHO data, databases and collections of Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, information on implementing the national project "Demography". A database has been developed in the licensed statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics-19. A comparative analysis of independent groups of indicators has been undertaken using the Mann-Whitney U-test, related groups – using the Wilcoxon test; while the trend in indicators was determined by Kendall’s Tau coefficient of correlation, graphical analysis was carried out in MS Excel-2013. Results. The determined trends in dynamics show that the pre and post-working age population is naturally increasing, that is, according to these indicators, the goals of the national project are being achieved. The number of women of reproductive age during the study period shows a decreasing trend, which was undoubtedly influenced by the “Russian cross” of the 90s of the last century, when fertility decreased and mortality increased almost twice compared to the end of the 80s. Negative values of the natural growth rate indicate that fertility is lower than mortality during those years. From 2000 to 2015, the trend was positive, the natural growth rate increased while since 2015 the trend was decreasing. The total fertility rate has been declining since 2015. In reality, in 2015, less than 18 children were born to 10 women in Russia, in 2021 – only 15 children, which is below the population replacement level. Conclusion. One of the promising directions for improving the situation is to adopt effective social measures to increase fertility in young women, to increase the total fertility rate, as well as to develop a promising industrial production and incentive programs to prevent the outflow of young population.
Heterochromatin Dosage Compensation: A Review
Authors:   Head of Laboratory of Human Genetics, International Higher School of Medicine, Intergelpostr, 1F, Bishkek, 720 040, Kyrgyzstan., Ibraimov Abyt , Akhunbayev Stalbek ,   Professor, International Higher School of Medicine, Intergelpostr, 1F, Bishkek, 720 040, Kyrgyzstan., Uzakov Orozali ,   Professor, Prorector, International Higher School of Medicine, Intergelpostr, 1F, Bishkek, 720 040, Kyrgyzstan.
Published: January 2024

The fact that there is a phenomenon of dosage compensation for the euchromatin part of the genome in eukaryotes has been known for almost a seventy years. This phenomenon is currently being studied under the name epigenetic control of gene expression. Evidence for the existence of dosage compensation at the gene level is obtained from genes localized on the sex chromosomes, the most famous example of which is the X-chromosome inactivation in mammals. As for genes localized on autosomes, there are no convincing data on this score. The question of whether there is a dosage compensation for the heterochromatic part of the genome in eukaryotes remains open. We have data indicating the existence of dosage compensation for the heterochromatin part of the human genome, using the example of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions (Q-HRs). It turned out that this phenomenon manifests itself both in sex chromosomes and in autosomes, regardless of gender, age, racial-ethnic origin and climatogeographical characteristics of the place of permanent residence of a human. Moreover, this process is associated with an important part of human life (maintaining temperature homeostasis) and has a phenotypic manifestation, which can be objectively studied. The question is discussed whether the phenomenon of chromosomal heterochromatin dosage compensation should be considered as an example of epigenetics, or it is a different phenomenon, since it does not affect genes?
Adolescent females with 46, XY Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai 400022, Maharashtra, India., Kulkarni Vinayak Vilasrao , Vundinti Babu Rao ,   Scientist "F", Department of Cytogenetics, ICMRNational Institute of Immunohematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Disorders of sex development are congenital conditions where chromosomal, gonadal and anatomical sex of an individual is atypical. The sex of an individual is governed by chromosomal complement, which in turn decides the development of bi-pontential gonad and differentiation of external as well as internal genitalia into a definitive human sex either male or female. Though this is the general plan of sex development, most of the times in spite of being normal chromosomal complement, the gonadal and/ or genital sex is discordant leading to conditions known as disorders of sex development. Depending upon the chromosomal complement, these conditions are classified as (a) sex chromosome DSD (b) 46, XY DSD and (c) 46, XX DSD. Though most of the DSDs present at infancy with genital ambiguity and other clinical features, some of these conditions may not present or get recognized until adolescence and presenting as lack of pubertal development or primary amenorrhea. This leads to a social stigma to the patient as well as the family members and proper counselling and management of these cases can be improved by understanding the molecular pathology of these conditions. This review helps to understand the molecular genetics of 46, XY DSD in adolescent females who present as lack of puberty and primary amenorrhea.
Novel SERPING1 Small Deletion Mutation in an Indian Family with Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Angioedema-TypeI
Authors:   Chief Scientific Officer, Institution, ATS GeneTech, 8-2-293/174/A25, Road number 14, Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India., Dubey Bhawna , Vegi Chaitanya ,   Department of Molecular Genetics, Institution, ATS GeneTech, 8-2-293/174/A25, Road number 14, Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India., Udumudi Anuradha ,   Chief Scientific Officer, Institution, ATS GeneTech, 8-2-293/174/A25, Road number 14, Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India.
Published: January 2024

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is characterized by recurrent attacks of submucosal or subcutaneous edema and is caused by mutations in gene SERPING1. We identified a novel heterozygous small deletion in SERPING1 using targeted exome sequencing in an HAE patient from an Indian family. The mutation c.491_502delAGACCAACATGG,p. Glu164_ Met167del, in exon 3 of SERPING1 gene is reported in the proband and her father but was not found in proband’s unaffected sibling and control samples. The mutation was classified as ‘Likely Pathogenic’ according to ACMG guidelines for interpretation of sequence variants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented report for SERPING1 mutation in HAE type1 patients from India.
Role of Molecular Mutations, Telomerase and Promoter Methylation Status of the TSGs (p15INK4b, SOCS-1, Calcitonin and FHIT) in Disease Severity, Progression and Survival in a Series of 100 MDS Patients: A Study from India
Authors:   Research scientist,Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Chaubey Rekha , Sazawal Sudha ,   Research scientist,Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Chhikara Sunita ,   Research scientist,Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Mahapatra Manoranjan ,   Professor, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Saxena Renu ,   Professor and Head, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

In contrast to the Western countries, Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in India is being increasingly seen in young adults. The severity of the disease is more in Indian patients at time of presentation; moreover their response to treatment is poor. In the present study molecular markers which may affect the biology of MDS patients were studied.Conventional cytogenetics, molecular mutations of RAS and FLT3 genes, hTERT gene expression, telomerase activity (TA) and promoter methylation status of four tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (p15INK4b, SOCS-1, calcitonin and FHIT) were analyzed in a series of 100 MDS patients and correlated with disease severity, progression and survival. It was found that the prevalence of MDS was higher in patients with age<60 years as compared to the patients with age ≥ 60 years (75% vs. 25%). Normal cytogenetics was present in 26/51 (51%) patients and 25/51 (49%) patients had chromosomal abnormalities. The frequency of N-RAS mutation was 3% and K-RAS mutation was 9%. FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD mutations were absent. TA was increased in 17/100 (17%) cases. hTERT expression was present in 17/100 (17%) cases. 40 patients (40%) had p15INK4b gene methylation. p15INK4b, SOCS-1, FHIT and calcitonin gene methylation was observed in 40 (40%), 53 (53%), 43 (43%) and 58 (58%) patients respectively. After multivariate analysis, only p15INK4b gene methylation was found as an independent predictor for progression of disease in MDS patients. In conclusion, p15INK4b gene methylation may play pivotal role in the diagnosis and disease progression in younger Indian MDS patients.
Molecular Characteristics at Species Level and Diseases Associated with Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus; A Review
Authors:   BSc Student, Department of Microbiology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India., Utkarsh Kumar , Sharma Narotam ,   Scientist, Department of Biotechnology, DNA Labs-A Center for Applied Sciences, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248001, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Aspergillus fumigatus is type of fungus which is harmful and going to be harmful for human in day to day life. As we are moving to a great scientific era we are not able to find the cure of many of the diseases and aspergillosis is one of them. Aspergillosis is disease which is caused by fungus Aspergillus fumigatus which causes inflammation in lungs and respiratory tract causing respiratory disorder and sometimes it can be so harmful to that extent that it can cause fatality in humans. This fungus glows very well in wide temperature ranges which have humid and warm conditions. A. fumigatus is a thermophilic species, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 55°C and survival maintained at temperatures up to 70°C.1 In the (Figure 1) below we can see that in which of the country Aspergillus grows the less to the most.
Role of Hybrid Reconstruction Ladder in Scalp Electrical Burn
Authors:   Junior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Hosamani Shivanand , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Singh. P Barath Kumar ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Hair Evaluation Methods
Authors:   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., singh Barath Kumar , Chittoriya Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

The three main Hair assessment methods in alopecia are Non-invasive (questionnaire, daily hair counts, standardized wash test, 60-s hair count, global pictures, dermoscopy, hair weight, contrasting felt examination, phototrichogram, TrichoScan), semi-invasive (trichogram and unit area trichogram), and intrusive procedures (e.g., scalp biopsy). No method is ideal or realistic. These are useful for patient diagnosis and monitoring when interpreted carefully. Daily hair counts, wash tests, etc. are good ways to evaluate a patient's shedding. Hair clinics use procedures like global photography. Phototrichogram is exclusively used in clinical trials. These procedures (like scalp biopsy) require processing and interpretation expertise. In this review article, we discuss the various hair evaluation methods.
Blood Donation and Transfusion
Authors:   BSC Nursing 2nd Year, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India., Rajput Anupriya , Mayangalambam Prempati ,   Associate professor, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India., Subashini SP ,   Dean, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2024

Blood donation is a vital part of worldwide healthcare. It relates to blood transfusion as a life-sustaining and life-saving procedure as well as a form of therapeutic phlebotomy as a primary medical intervention. Over one hundred million units of blood are donated each year throughout the world. Blood transfusion from one person to another is a special procedure used by doctors in medical procedures that involve patients with the need of blood. The only authorized person that can allow a blood transfusion is if he or she is a healthcare provider (Getting a Blood Transfusion). The procedure of course cannot be done by anyone that does not have possession of a medical degree where they are permitted legally to prescribe or give a blood transfusion to a patient. Blood transfusions are used for serious injuries, surgery, and when a person can’t make enough blood. Doctors use blood transfusions for surgeries where a patient could eventually lose blood during the medical procedure.
Role of Belgium Outcome Burn Injury Score System in Burns Patients
Authors:   Junior Resident, Depatment of General Surgery,  Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Mohan Sagrika , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery and Telemedicine,  Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Antony Jocob ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Aim of this case report is to predict the outcome of patients presenting with severe burns is crucial in guiding clinical judgment. Advancements in burn management over the years have significantly decreased burn mortality. There are various scoring systems that are formularized in predicting mortality in burns. In this article we would like to describe our pilot study in using Belgium outcome of burn injury scoring system (Table 1) in predicting mortality in burns patients.
Dermabrasion Assisted Debridement
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery,  Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Chakiath Jacob Antony , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor & Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Dermabrasion has been used for a number of years to treat a variety of dermatologic conditions, including facial skin resurfacing and scar revision. Dermabrasion found its niche in treating acne and traumatic facial scars, and in cosmetic facial resurfacing. Here we describe a dermabrasion-assisted debridement.
Role of Ryan Score in Predicting Mortality in Thermal Burns
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery,  Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Sunil Julia , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor & Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Singh P Barath Kumar ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Burn injuries can present in a myriad of ways and in a diverse patient population. Its severity is not only determined by the nature of the burn injury or the extent of the injury but also by several patient factors. Mortality in burn injury used to be very unpredictable but now there are various means of predicting morbidity and mortality in a burns patient. The scoring system developed by Ryan Score was one such tool formulated to aid in outcome prediction in burn patients. In this case study, we evaluate the accuracy of the Ryan score in predicting mortality outcomes in a patient with thermal burns.
Examination of Invisible Writing Liquid Composition and Their Decoders
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., Prajakta Harne , Munish K Mishra ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., G.S Sodhi ,   Associate Professor, Forensic Science Unit, Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
Published: January 2024

From the earlier times of espionage, invisible ink is considered to be an assured and significant device of cryptography. Even though the use of invisible ink has now been almost entirely taken over by technical cryptography or steganography, its history still remains exceptionally fascinating, and today researchers are trying to find out readily available compositions which can inscribe secretly and their respective decoders. The art of secret writing was probably proposed to create any written text indecipherable to a reader who could read the same only after applying certain decoding process to make the writing legible. Though, the methods of secret writing are abundant but this paper principally emphases on the application of commonly available items which could act as a secret ink and similarly other commonly available items which could be applied as their respective decoders.