bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Institutional Theory Framework for Leveraging Large Language Models for Policy Analysis and Intervention Design
Authors: de Curtò J. , de Zarzà I. , Fervier Leandro Sebastián , Sanagustín-Fons Victoria , Calafate Carlos T.
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating data-driven approaches into policy analysis and intervention strategies. The methodology is structured around five critical components: data collection, historical analysis, policy impact assessment, predictive modeling, and intervention design. Leveraging data-driven approaches capabilities, the line of work enables advanced multilingual data processing, advanced statistics in population trends, evaluation of policy outcomes, and the development of evidence-based interventions. A key focus is on the theoretical integration of social order mechanisms, including communication modes as institutional structures, token optimization as an efficiency mechanism, and institutional memory adaptation. A mixed methods approach was used that included sophisticated visualization techniques and use cases in the hospitality sector, in global food security, and in educational development. The framework demonstrates its capacity to inform government and industry policies by leveraging statistics, visualization, and AI-driven decision support. We introduce the concept of “institutional intelligence”—the synergistic integration of human expertise, AI capabilities, and institutional theory—to create adaptive yet stable policy-making systems. This research highlights the transformative potential of data-driven approaches combined with large language models in supporting sustainable and inclusive policy-making processes.
On the Aerodynamic Performance of a Blended-Wing-Body, Low-Mach Number Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Lampropoulos Nikolaos , Vouros Alexandros , Templalexis Ioannis , Lekas Theodoros
Published: February 2025

A study on aerodynamic design studies of a blended wing–body (BWB) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating at low Mach numbers is presented. First, a parametric investigation based on analytical equations is carried out to identify the range of the necessary wetted area for the UAV to maximize endurance at a Mach number close to 0.1. A base-of-reference configuration is designed, and its aerodynamic performance is evaluated by utilizing a panel method in Xflr5. An optimization algorithm is then incorporated to trim the UAV and produce the ‘clean’ configuration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed within the OpenFoam environment to produce first the updated drag polars, and then, to analyze the integration of the nacelle and the pair of electric ducted fans (EDFs) used for the propulsion system. In particular, when examining the integration of the nacelle with a spinning electric ducted fan (EDF) standing as the propulsion system of the vehicle, a rotating, sliding mesh computational approach is adopted. Results indicate that the clean configuration is characterized by strong longitudinal stability so that the UAV has the potential to fly trimmed at very low speeds. Mounting EDFs on the back of the fuselage is conducive to higher loading with minimal drag penalty. An increased lift-to-drag ratio is achieved. Reduced wake mixing due to the EDF’s jet flow is observed. The spanwise flow that is conducive to pitch brake and loss of stability is also weak, as the suction produced by the EDF diverts the flow inboard.
Effect of Mixed Yeast Strains and Additives on the Quality of Long-Term Refrigerated Fermented Doughs
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Lei , Wang Yingji , Wang Mengnan , Qian Qilong , Lou Lei , Wu Zhe , Zhu Jiamin , Fu Xiaoyu , Xing Jun , Tu Yixian , Liu Yun-Guo
Published: February 2025

With a prolonged refrigeration time, dough becomes syruped and the gluten strength is weakened, which negatively affects the texture of the dough. At the same time, differences in the growth and metabolism of different yeasts lead to large differences in the physicochemical properties of the dough and the final quality of the product. Therefore, in this study, suitable additives and non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected to minimize the effects of long-term refrigeration on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of fermented doughs. Compared to the control group without mixed yeast strains and additives, the fermentation properties, textural properties, dynamic rheology, starch crystallinity, protein structure, water distribution, and microstructure were investigated by mixed yeast strains and additives for 14 days of long-term refrigeration. The results showed that using mixed yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Metschnikowia pulcherrima; Wickerhamomyces anomalous = 0.46:0.27:0.27), α-amylase, diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono(di)glycerides and polydextrose can avoid the excessive fermentation of refrigerated dough. In addition, mixed yeast strains and additives could maintain the orderliness of the secondary structure of gluten proteins, stabilize the microstructure of starch and gluten proteins, and reduce the migration and loss of water in the dough. This study clarified that mixed yeast strains and additives are conducive to prolonging the long-term refrigeration of dough, and could better maintain the quality of dough during long-term refrigeration. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the large-scale production of refrigerated fermented dough.
Theoretical Results on the pth Moment of ϕ-Hilfer Stochastic Fractional Differential Equations with a Pantograph Term
Authors: Djaouti Abdelhamid Mohammed , Liaqat Muhammad Imran
Published: February 2025

Here, we establish significant results on the well-posedness of solutions to stochastic pantograph fractional differential equations (SPFrDEs) with the ϕ-Hilfer fractional derivative. Additionally, we prove the smoothness theorem for the solution and present the averaging principle result. Firstly, the contraction mapping principle is applied to determine the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Secondly, continuous dependence findings are presented under the condition that the coefficients satisfy the global Lipschitz criteria, along with regularity results. Thirdly, we establish results for the averaging principle by applying inequalities and interval translation techniques. Finally, we provide numerical examples and graphical results to support our findings. We make two generalizations of these findings. First, in terms of the fractional derivative, our established theorems and lemmas are consistent with the Caputo operator for ϕ(t) = t, a=1. Our findings match the Riemann–Liouville fractional operator for ϕ(t)=t, a=0. They agree with the Hadamard and Caputo–Hadamard fractional operators when ϕ(t)=ln(t), a=0 and ϕ(t)=ln(t), a=1, respectively. Second, regarding the space, we are make generalizations for the case p=2.
Restoring Realism to the Fairytale, or, the Banal Optimism of Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Mes Contes de Perrault
Authors: Curtis Ian Williams
Published: February 2025

This article examines Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Mes Contes de Perrault (2014) as a multilayered instance of literary appropriation. Ben Jelloun’s stories, which relocate Charles Perrault’s classic French fairytales to the Arab world, represent not only a subversive challenge to French cultural hegemony (as has been argued) but can also be read as a complex engagement with the history of French folktales and their literary adaptations. This study posits that Ben Jelloun’s project restores elements of realism to Perrault’s tales that were lost when the author adapted folk stories for the French court. By reintroducing themes of bodily suffering, desire, and quotidian struggles, Ben Jelloun reconnects these tales with their folk origins. Examining Ben Jelloun’s “appropriation”—his word—in the context of Perrault’s own adaptations, this study offers new insights into the circulation and transformation of folktales across cultures and literary traditions. It contributes to ongoing discussions about literary and cultural appropriation and the place of the fairytale genre in today’s world.
Factors Influencing Frequency of Depressive Experiences Among Married Working Women in South Korea
Authors: Jeong Se Hui , Kang Chan Mi , Kang Kyung Im
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing and predicting the frequency of depressive experiences among married working women in South Korea in the post-COVID-19 period (2022–2023). It examines how alterations in circumstances and the complex difficulties encountered by this demographic group may have shaped their depressive experiences. Through a comparative analysis of the group reporting depressive experiences and the group reporting no depressive experiences, the study delineates the factors influencing depressive experiences within the former group and the predictive factors within the latter group. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the factors that may contribute to mental health outcomes within this population. Methods: This study utilized data from the ninth wave (2022–2023) of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, conducted by the Korean Women’s Development Institute. The study included a total of 1735 participants. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was applied to analyze the frequency of depressive experiences and the influencing and predictive factors. Results: Among the participants, 38.9% reported no depressive experiences. The count model analysis revealed that subjective health status, physical activity, thoughts about husband, family decision-making, and work–family balance were significant factors associated with the frequency of depressive experiences. In the logistic model, key predictors for those without depression included the spouse’s education, physical activity, satisfaction with the spouse’s housework, and happiness with marital life. Conclusions: These findings provide essential empirical evidence for the development of targeted policies and interventions aimed at mitigating and preventing depression problem among married working women.
Malignant Transformed and Non-Transformed Oral Leukoplakias Are Metabolically Different
Authors: Martins-Chaves Roberta Rayra , Bastos Victor Coutinho , Vitório Jéssica Gardone , Duarte-Andrade Filipe Fideles , Pereira Thaís dos Santos Fontes , Leite-Lima Flávia , Gomes Thaís Ellen Chaves , Lebron Yuri Abner Rocha , Moreira Victor Rezende , França Monique Sedlmaier , Santos Lucilaine Valéria de Souza , Lange Liséte Celina , Macedo Adriana Nori de , Picossi Carolina Raíssa Costa , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri , Castro Wagner Henriques de , Canuto Gisele André Baptista , Gomez Ricardo Santiago
Published: February 2025

Understanding the early molecular events driving oral carcinogenesis is vital for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) promptly. While metabolic differences between oral leukoplakia (OLK), OSCC, and healthy oral mucosa have been reported, the metabolic changes distinguishing malignant transformed OLKs (MT-OLK) from non-transformed OLKs (NT-OLK) remain unexplored. Here, we examine the metabolomic profiles of 5 cases of MT-OLK and 15 of NT-OLK to identify key predictive molecules using untargeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The potentially discriminant compounds were highlighted through a robust statistical analysis workflow, and the dysregulated metabolic pathways were illustrated by enrichment analysis. Seventeen molecular features, primarily lipids—including phospholipids, oxidised lipids, cholesteryl esters, and fatty acids—were identified as discriminants between MT-OLK and NT-OLK across statistical and bioinformatic approaches. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed alterations in lipid metabolism, particularly fatty acid synthesis and degradation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Predictive models showed high accuracy (AUC = 0.88) in distinguishing the two groups. This study suggests that metabolomics has the potential to differentiate between MT-OLK and NT-OLK by identifying candidate biomarkers that may contribute to the understanding of malignant transformation. Validation in larger cohorts is warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice.
Identification of Submergence Tolerance Loci in Dongxiang Wild Rice (DXWR) by Genetic Linkage and Transcriptome Analyses
Authors: Wang Jilin , Huang Cheng , Tang Lijuan , Chen Hongping , Chen Ping , Chen Dazhou , Wang Dianwen
Published: February 2025

The submergence tolerance of rice is a key factor in promoting rice direct seeding technology and resisting flood disasters. Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) has strong submergence tolerance, but its genetic basis is still unclear. Here, we report quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis for hypoxic germination rate (HGR), hypoxic seedling rate (HSR), budlet submergence survival rate (BSSR) and seedling submergence survival rate (SSSR) using a linkage map in the backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRILs) that were derived from a cross of DXWR, and an indica cultivar, GZX49. A total of 20 QTLs related to submergence tolerance of rice were detected, explaining phenotypic variations ranging from 2% to 8.5%. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the seeds and seedlings of DXWR before and after submergence. During the seed hypoxic germination and seedling submergence stages, 6306 and 3226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted on these differentially expressed genes. Using genetic linkage analysis and transcriptome data, combined with qRT-PCR, sequence comparison, and bioinformatics, LOC_Os05g32820 was putatively identified as a candidate gene for qHGR5.2 co-located with HGR and SSSR. These results will provide insights into the mechanism of rice submergence tolerance and provide a basis for improving rice submergence tolerance.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Thioredoxin Antioxidant System and Their Association with Diabetic Nephropathy in Slovenian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Letonja Jernej , Nussdorfer Petra , Petrovič Danijel
Published: February 2025

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that develops after years of T2DM and affects approximately one in four diabetic patients. Thioredoxin (TXN), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) are part of the thioredoxin antioxidant system, which is involved in DN. We included 897 Slovenian patients with T2DM lasting more than 10 years in our preliminary study. In total, 344 patients with DN were included in our case group, while 553 without DN comprised our control group. The genotypes of TXN2 rs8140110, TXNRD2 rs1548357, and TXNIP rs7212 were determined for all participants using real-time PCR. We found a statistically significant association between the T allele of the TXN2 rs8140110 polymorphism and DN (p < 0.001; OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.36–0.74). The TT and TC genotypes were also significantly less likely to develop DN in comparison to the CC genotype according to the dominant model of inheritance (p < 0.001; OR: 0.51; 95 CI: 0.34–0.75). We did not find a statistically significant association between rs1548357 or rs7212 and DN. To conclude, the rs8140110 polymorphism in the TXN2 gene is associated with DN in Slovenian patients with T2DM.
Fetoscopic Myelomeningocele (MMC) Repair: Evolution of the Technique and a Call for Standardization
Authors: Cruz Stephanie M. , Hameedi Sophia , Sbragia Lourenco , Ogunleye Oluseyi , Diefenbach Karen , Isaacs Albert M. , Etchegaray Adolfo , Olutoye Oluyinka O.
Published: February 2025

Fetal surgery has made significant strides over the past 40 years, facilitated by advances in technology and imaging modalities enabling the diagnosis and treatment of congenital anomalies in utero. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), a multicenter randomized controlled trial, established open fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair as the gold standard for improving neurological outcomes compared to postnatal repair. However, this approach is associated with increased maternal complications and preterm birth due to hysterotomy, prompting the exploration of minimally invasive alternatives. Due to the lack of an existing randomized control trial with fetoscopic MMC repair and variations in technique (percutaneous versus laparotomy/transuterine access, different trocar configurations, closure methods, and patch applications) among different fetal centers, more studies are needed to optimize this approach as an alternative to the standard of care. This paper proposes to assess the basics tenets of open fetal MMC repair and to establish guiding principles for a fetoscopic approach that could prove to be equivalent or superior to open fetal MMC repair in maternal and fetal outcomes and lead to clinical implementation.
The Prognostic Value of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index for Major Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Karaca Mehmet , Kalyoncuoğlu Muhsin , Zengin Ahmet , Eren Semih , Keskin Kıvanç , Oflar Ersan , Karataş Mehmet Baran , Çalık Ali Nazmi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate whether admission advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) values have a prognostic role on one-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Our study consisted of 1173 consecutive patients aged 61.9 ± 12.5 years. The study population was divided into two groups according to the occurrence of MACCEs. BMI (body mass index), serum albumin levels and NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) of patients were collected from hospital records, and ALI was calculated based on the following formula: BMI × serum albumin/NLR. We also calculated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and uric acid to albumin ratio (UAR) and investigated the association of these inflammation-based biomarkers with one-year MACCEs. Results: During the 12-month follow-up period, 158 (13.5%) patients had MACCEs, 55 (4.7%) of whom had all-cause mortality, 96 (8.2%) had nonfatal MI and 7 (0.6%) had nonfatal stroke. Patients with MACCEs had significantly lower ALI (p < 0.001), and also ALI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.658, p < 0.001) had better discriminatory power and predictive accuracy in determining one-year MACCEs compared to albumin (AUC = 0.594, p < 0.001), NLR (AUC = 0.631, p < 0.001), CAR (AUC = 0.595, p < 0.001) and UAR (AUC = 0.577, p = 0.001) in the ROC analysis. Individuals with an ALI value lower than 43.9 were at greater risk of developing MACCEs (p < 0.001) due to the Delong test. Conclusions: Determining the level of ALI may have the potential to improve risk prognostication in NSTEMI patients undergoing revascularization therapy.
Evaluation of Platelet Indices and Inflammation Markers in Preeclampsia
Authors: Tokgöz Çakır Betül , Aktemur Gizem , Karabay Gülşan , Şeyhanlı Zeynep , Çetin Sevinç , Filiz Ahmet Arif , Vanlı Tonyalı Nazan , Çağlar Ali Turhan
Published: February 2025

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication known to be related to the pathophysiology of platelet dysfunction and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of platelet indices and inflammatory markers in preeclampsia and their importance in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 118 preeclampsia cases (84 with mild preeclampsia and 34 with severe preeclampsia) and 118 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Blood samples obtained at the time of preeclampsia diagnosis were analyzed for platelet indices (platelet count (PC), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet/large cell ratio (P-LCR)) and inflammation indices (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR)). Results: The PC and PLR were lower in the severe preeclampsia group compared to the other groups. The PDW was higher in both mild and severe preeclampsia groups compared to the control group. A PDW value above 13.15 was identified as a significant predictor of composite adverse neonatal outcomes (area under the curve (AUC): 0.633; sensitivity: 60.9%; specificity: 58%). Conclusions: PC and PLR decrease in severe preeclampsia. This study highlights the potential of PDW as a marker for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in preeclampsia.
Agreement in Biometric Parameters Between Swept-Source–Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Low-Coherence Interferometry: Insights into Clinical Precision
Authors: Munteanu Mihnea , Al Barri Leila , Stanca Simona , Mocanu Valeria , Rosca Cosmin , Balica Nicolae-Constantin , Stanca Horia T.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Accurate biometric measurements are critical for achieving optimal refractive outcomes in cataract surgery. This study evaluated the agreement of biometric measurements between a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS–OCT) biometer (Argos®, Movu Inc.) and an optical low-coherence interferometry (OLCI) biometer (Aladdin®, Topcon Corp.). Parameters analyzed included axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), keratometry (K1, K2), and white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW). Methods: A total of 170 eyes were examined, and agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Excellent agreement was observed for AL (ICC = 0.975), ACD (ICC = 0.960), LT (ICC = 0.951), K1 (ICC = 0.921), and K2 (ICC = 0.927). Moderate agreement was found for astigmatism axis (ICC = 0.655) and cylinder power (ICC = 0.891). Poor agreement was noted for astigmatism-related Jackson cross-cylinder vectors J0 (ICC = 0.334) and J45 (ICC = −0.311), as well as for WTW (ICC = 0.338). Bland–Altman plots demonstrated narrow limits of agreement for most parameters, with mean differences of 0.009 mm for AL and 0.06 mm for ACD. Conclusions: Both devices demonstrated high degrees of agreement for core biometric parameters, supporting their clinical interchangeability. However, the variability in WTW and astigmatism-related measurements highlights the need for caution when precise corrections are required.
Field Experiments to Analyze the Canopy Drying Performance of Sea Anchors Used for Fishing Operations
Authors: Kim Namgu , Kim Su-Hyung , Lee Yoo-Won , Ryu Kyung-Jin
Published: February 2025

Sea anchors are crucial for stabilizing fishing vessels and improving operations, specifically for jigging vessels. Their effective performance depends on design and material choice, with the canopy material playing a key role. We compared the drainage and drying rates of sea anchor canopies made from polyamide (PA) fabric, polyester (PES) fabric, and canopies designed with alternating strips of PA and PES (PA-PES) fabric to improve sea anchor performance, work efficiency, safety, and the stability of fishing operations. PA fabric had a fast initial draining rate due to high seawater absorption but a slow drying rate, resulting in a heavy canopy. PES fabric showed optimal draining due to low seawater absorption and fast drying. PA-PES fabric showed intermediate performance. Statistical analyses revealed that Sample B performed significantly better than PA fabric and PA-PES fabric, which showed no significant differences in performance. The low absorption and fast drying properties of PES fabric enhance the handling and efficiency of sea anchors, reducing worker fatigue and improving safety. These characteristics make it an exceptional alternative to PA fabric for sea anchor canopies. Future studies should examine the roles of sea anchor canopy material and structure in fishing operation safety and efficiency.
New Challenges in Offshore Geotechnical Engineering Developments
Authors: Hu Pan , Jeng Dong-Sheng
Published: February 2025

The exploration and utilisation of marine resources and renewable energy have surged in recent years, driving the need for innovative and resilient solutions [...]
Adaptive CT XIGA Using LR B-Splines for Efficient Fracture Modeling
Authors: Gao Fei , Ge Cancan , Tang Zhuochao , Gu Jiming , Meng Rui
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel adaptive crack-tip extended isogeometric analysis (adaptive CT XIGA) framework based on locally refined B-splines (LR B-splines) for efficient and accurate fracture modeling in two-dimensional solids. The XIGA method facilitates crack modeling without requiring the specific locations of crack faces and enables crack propagation simulation without remeshing by employing localized enrichment functions. LR B-splines, as an advanced extension of B-splines and NURBS, offer high-order continuity, precise geometric representation, and local refinement capabilities, thereby enhancing computational accuracy and efficiency. Various local mesh refinement strategies, designed based on crack and crack-tip locations, are investigated. Among these strategies, the crack-tip topological refinement strategy is adopted for local refinement in the adaptive CT XIGA framework. Stress intensity factors (SIFs) are evaluated using the contour interaction integral technique, while the maximum circumferential stress criterion is adopted to predict the crack growth direction. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of adaptive CT XIGA. The results confirm that the proposed framework achieves superior error convergence rates and significantly reduces computational costs compared to a-posteriori-error-based adaptive XIGA methods, particularly in crack propagation simulations. These advantages establish adaptive CT XIGA as a powerful and efficient tool for addressing complex fracture problems in solid mechanics.
Experimental Insights into Free Orthogonal Cutting of Stellite
Authors: Gombár Miroslav , Harničárová Marta , Valíček Jan , Kušnerová Milena , Tozan Hakan , Mikuš Rastislav
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of a machining process can be determined by analysing the quality of the generated surface and the rate of tool wear. Stellite is highly challenging to machine, which is why it is primarily processed through grinding methods. This study concentrates on the impact of cutting parameters and tool wear (VBb, KBb) on the created surface roughness surface (Rt, Ra, Rz) during the orthogonal cutting of Stellite 6, which is overlaid on a steel surface, C45, prepared by means of HP/HVOF (JP-5000). The results indicate that the dominant influence on the change in the total roughness profile height value (Rt) is the mutual interaction of cutting speed and depth of cut at 16% (p < 0.000). The greatest impact on the change in the mean arithmetic deviation of the roughness profile (Ra) value is the interaction of cutting speed, tool front angle, and depth of cut with a 15% share (p < 0.000), as well as on the change in the Rz value (15%) and tool wear VBb (25%). This investigation lays the groundwork for potentially substituting the processing of flat surfaces with hardened layers created by thermal spraying (such as Stellite 6) with grinding or methods that offer greater efficiency from both economic and technological perspectives.
On-Site Identification of Corrosion Products and Evaluation of the Conservation Status of Copper Alloy Artworks Using a Portable Raman Spectrometer
Authors: Kwon Heehong , Kim Leeyun
Published: February 2025

Copper alloys form various corrosion products such as sulfides and chlorides. Chlorides can cause severe structural damage in ‘bronze disease’, making the early identification of corrosion products and conservation treatment important tasks. In this study, standard spectra were established for nine minerals of corrosion products using a portable Raman spectrometer, and their identification was verified by comparing them with benchtop micro-Raman spectra. The main characteristic bands were detected for most corrosion products, and the in situ applicability of the portable Raman spectrometer was demonstrated. However, for some samples, the signal-to-noise ratio was low, while the main characteristic peaks were still identifiable. In particular, dicopper chloride trihydroxides (such as atacamite and clinoatacamite) were clearly distinguished as corrosion products whose early identification is crucial. After the on-site analysis of copper alloy artworks exposed to outdoor environments for over 30 years, corrosion products such as malachite, brochantite, and moolooite were detected, indicating that portable Raman spectrometers are an effective tool for diagnosing conservation conditions. This study demonstrates that portable Raman spectrometers can be effectively used to identify corrosion products and assess the conservation state of copper alloy artworks and are expected to make significant contributions to future conservation and restoration efforts.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Chips for Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Drug Development
Authors: Vo Dang-Khoa , Trinh Kieu The Loan
Published: February 2025

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chips are advanced, microfluidic platforms that have revolutionized biomarker discovery and validation because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput levels. These chips miniaturize traditional PCR processes for the speed and precision of nucleic acid biomarker detection relevant to advancing drug development. Biomarkers, which are useful in helping to explain disease mechanisms, patient stratification, and therapeutic monitoring, are hard to identify and validate due to the complexity of biological systems and the limitations of traditional techniques. The challenges to which PCR chips respond include high-throughput capabilities coupled with real-time quantitative analysis, enabling researchers to identify novel biomarkers with greater accuracy and reproducibility. More recent design improvements of PCR chips have further expanded their functionality to also include digital and multiplex PCR technologies. Digital PCR chips are ideal for quantifying rare biomarkers, which is essential in oncology and infectious disease research. In contrast, multiplex PCR chips enable simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, therefore simplifying biomarker validation. Furthermore, single-cell PCR chips have made it possible to detect biomarkers at unprecedented resolution, hence revealing heterogeneity within cell populations. PCR chips are transforming drug development, enabling target identification, patient stratification, and therapeutic efficacy assessment. They play a major role in the development of companion diagnostics and, therefore, pave the way for personalized medicine, ensuring that the right patient receives the right treatment. While this tremendously promising technology has exhibited many challenges regarding its scalability, integration with other omics technologies, and conformity with regulatory requirements, many still prevail. Future breakthroughs in chip manufacturing, the integration of artificial intelligence, and multi-omics applications will further expand PCR chip capabilities. PCR chips will not only be important for the acceleration of drug discovery and development but also in raising the bar in improving patient outcomes and, hence, global health care as these technologies continue to mature.
SiC Double-Trench MOSFETs with an Integrated MOS-Channel Diode for Improved Third-Quadrant Performance
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Wang Hongshen , Zhou Yuanjie , Liu Qian , Wu Hao , Shen Jian , Luo Juan , Hu Shengdong
Published: February 2025

In this article, a novel double-trench SiC MOSFET with an integrated MOS-channel diode (MCD) is proposed and analyzed through TCAD simulations. The MCD incorporates a short channel, where the channel length can be adjusted by modifying the recess depth. Owing to the drain-induced barrier-lowering (DIBL) effect, a low potential barrier is created for electrons flowing from the JFET region to the N+ source region. This effectively eliminates the bipolar degradation of the parasitic body p-i-n diode and reduces the cut-in voltage Von by 69.2%. Additionally, the breakdown voltage (BV) remains nearly unchanged. The reduction in the p-well region alleviates the JFET effect, successfully lowering the specific on-resistance Ron,sp, making the channel easier to turn on, and reducing the threshold voltage (Vth). However, the increase in the gate charge Qg results in a slight rise in the switching loss.
Epidemiological Transitions in Influenza Dynamics in the United States: Insights from Recent Pandemic Challenges
Authors: Giovanetti Marta , Ali Sobur , Slavov Svetoslav Nanev , Azarian Taj , Cella Eleonora
Published: February 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reshaped the epidemiological landscape of respiratory diseases, with profound implications for seasonal influenza. Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented globally during the pandemic significantly altered human behavior and reduced the prevalence of respiratory pathogens, including influenza. However, the post-pandemic resurgence of influenza activity to pre-pandemic levels highlights the persistent challenges posed by this virus. During the 2023–2024 influenza season in the United States, an estimated 40 million individuals contracted influenza, resulting in 470,000 hospitalizations and 28,000 deaths, with the elderly disproportionately affected. Pediatric mortality was also notable, with 724 deaths reported among children. This study examines trends in influenza incidence, vaccination rates, and mortality in the United States from the 2018–2019 through to the 2023–2024 influenza seasons. Additionally, it evaluates the interplay between influenza and SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, considering the impact of disrupted air travel, public health measures, and altered virus circulation dynamics. By integrating these insights, the study underscores the critical need for sustained vaccination campaigns and innovative public health strategies to mitigate the dual burden of respiratory diseases. Findings from this analysis highlight the urgency of strengthening prevention and surveillance systems to enhance pandemic preparedness and reduce the impact of respiratory pathogens in an evolving epidemiological landscape.
Influence of Cover Crop Root Functional Traits on Sweet Potato Yield and Soil Microbial Communities
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zhang Jie , Xia Wangbiao , Shao Yangyang , Liu Zhirong , Guo Jian , Qin Wenjing , Wan Li , Liu Jia , Liu Ying , Zhang Juntong
Published: February 2025

The symbiotic relationship between cover crops and soil microorganisms is closely linked to nutrient cycling and crop growth within agroecosystems. However, how cover crops with different root functional traits influence soil microbial communities, soil properties, and crop yields has remained understudied. This study assessed the root traits of hairy vetch (HV) and rapeseed (RP), along with soil properties, sweet potato yield, and microbial enzyme activity under red soil dryland conditions. High-throughput sequencing was also employed to characterize the diversity, composition, and network structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities. According to the plant economic spectrum theory and our research results on plant root traits, HV can be identified as a resource-acquisitive cover crop, and RP treatment can be identified as a resource-conservative cover crop. Although RP treatment did not significantly increase the sweet potato yield, the increase rate reached 8.49%. Resource-conservative cover crops were associated with increased pH, SOC, and TP, which enhanced bacterial species diversity and boosted the populations of Chloroflexi and Alphaproteobacteria. In contrast, resource-acquisitive cover crops promoted the proliferation of Gammaproteobacteria. Network analysis indicated that resource-conservative cover crops facilitated network complexity through intensified intra-community competition. Resource-acquisitive cover crops enhanced the stability of microbial communities. Collectively, these findings underscore the distinct advantages of cover crops with varying root functional traits in shaping soil microbial communities. Appropriate cover crop rotations can effectively regulate microbial communities and hold the potential to enhance crop yield.
Investigation of Comorbidity and Risk Factors Analysis During Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in India
Authors: Manjunatha Reddy Gundallahalli Bayyappa , Bijalwan Shraddha , Jacob Siju Susan , Tadakod Sunil , Maharana Snigdha Madhaba , Nagaraj Sudeep , Pabbineedi Sai Mounica , Uma Chandana Ramesh , Balappa Viveka Prabhu , Harlipura Basavarajappa Chethan Kumar , Sengupta Pinaki Prasad , Patil Sharanagouda Shiddanagouda , Gulati Baldev Raj
Published: February 2025

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a re-emerging viral transboundary disease affecting cattle and buffaloes, resulting in a significant socio-economic impact on the affected regions. LSD is primarily transmitted among susceptible livestock through hematophagous vectors, including ticks and flies. Ticks also function as reservoirs for various haemoprotozoan parasites, increasing the likelihood of coinfections in affected animals. This study investigates the comorbidity of LSD and associated risk factors using diverse datasets. A total of 414 samples from LSD-suspected animals were screened for LSD, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), babesiosis, and theileriosis (Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis), as well as anaplasmosis. Among these, 214 (51.6%) tested positive for LSD. A strong correlation was identified between LSD and oriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis (50.9%). Other significant associations were observed with IBR (34.1%), anaplasmosis (24.7%), tropical theileriosis (15.4%), babesiosis (12.6%), and MCF (12.1%). The transmission dynamics of LSD revealed that hematophagous vectors, particularly Stomoxys, Haematobia, and Rhipicephalus, play a crucial role in its spread, especially in unorganised farming systems. Additionally, Haematobia and Stomoxys flies were implicated in the high transmission rate of oriental theileriosis (39%) in conjunction with LSD. Notably, ticks (Rhipicephalus) facilitated the concurrent transmission of one, two, or three infections alongside LSD. While Musca, a non-hematophagous fly, was found to carry LSD virus (LSDV), it did not test positive for other pathogens. This study highlights the potential for cattle to harbour multiple diseases simultaneously with LSD, emphasising the necessity for integrated transmission studies and comprehensive disease screening in affected livestock. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted prevention and control strategies to mitigate disease impact in livestock populations.
Multifaceted Approaches in Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-Mediated Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation
Authors: Szerenyi Dora , Jarvas Gabor , Guttman Andras
Published: February 2025

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are pivotal in cancer metastasis and serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Traditional CTC capture methods predominantly utilize the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a marker for isolation. However, the heterogeneity of these circulating cells and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process (wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics) limit the efficacy of EpCAM-based capture techniques. In this paper, we critically review the role of the EpCAM in CTC capture, explore the impact of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition on EpCAM expression, and discuss alternative biomarkers and strategies to enhance CTC isolation. By evaluating the limitations of EpCAM-mediated capture and the challenges posed by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, we aim to provide insights into the development of more comprehensive liquid biopsy approaches for cancer management.
Optimization of Encapsulation Core–Shell Structure to Preserve Polyphenols in Soy Protein—Polysaccharide Co-Dried Complexes
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Chu Xiaofang , Pan Hongyang
Published: February 2025

Polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant properties, but their instability necessitates effective encapsulation for enhanced stability and controlled release. This study prepared water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions to encapsulate EVOO using a two-step emulsification technique with varying concentrations of soy protein isolate (SPI) (0–10% w/w), maltodextrin (MD) (0–20% w/w), and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) (0–0.5% w/w). A three-factor central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to establish 20 W1/O/W2 emulsions to analyze the effects of the formulation on emulsion properties. Additionally, the effects of different pH levels on emulsion stability were investigated. The results showed that the ratios of SPI, MD, and PGA significantly influenced particle size distribution, stability, and encapsulation efficiency. PGA enhanced the rigidity of the interfacial membrane, forming stable core–shell structures and reducing EVOO release. The optimal formulation (7.887% SPI, 15.774% MD, 0.395% PGA) achieved superior encapsulation efficiency (97.66%), long-term stability, and viscosity below 300 mPa·s. Cryo-TEM analysis confirmed the formation of core–shell structures, while Zeta potential measurements indicated smaller particle sizes and enhanced stability at pH 11. This optimized W1/O/W2 emulsion system offers a promising food-grade delivery platform for hydrophobic bioactive compounds, enabling enhanced stability and controlled release of EVOO polyphenols for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and other industries.
Binding Mechanism of Inhibitors to CDK6 Deciphered by Multiple Independent Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Predictions
Authors: Wang Lifei , Wang Yan , Zhang Lulu , Zhao Juan , Wu Shiliang , Yang Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) has been identified as a potential drug target in various types of cancers. In our current study, multiple independent molecular dynamics simulations of four separate replicates and computations of binding free energies are carried out to decipher the binding mechanisms of three inhibitors, LQQ, 6ZV, and 0RS, to CDK6. The dynamic analyses indicate that the presence of inhibitors influences conformational alterations, motion modes, and the internal dynamics of CDK6. Binding free energies computed using the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) approach with four GB models demonstrate that hydrophobic interactions play essential roles in inhibitor–CDK6 binding. The computations of residue-based free energy decomposition verify that the side chains of residues I19, K29, M54, P55, F98, H100, and L152 significantly contribute to inhibitor–CDK6 binding, revealing the critical interaction sites of inhibitors for CDK6. The information revealed in our current study can provide theoretical aids for development of potent inhibitors targeting the CDK family.
Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives in Fuel Cells
Authors: Ling Hongbiao , Tian Baoqiang , Hu Xiaoyan , Wang Weixu , Zhang Jiaxing , Liu Rui , Lu Zhen , Guo Yong , Zhao Haidong
Published: February 2025

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives represent a novel class of porous crystalline materials characterized by exceptional porosity, high specific surface areas, and uniquely tunable physicochemical properties. These attributes render them highly promising for applications in the field of fuel cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification of MOFs and their current applications as catalysts, catalyst supports, and membranes in fuel cells. Additionally, the potential prospects and challenges associated with using MOFs and their derivatives in fuel cells are discussed, aiming to advance their development and offer valuable insights for researchers in this field.
Influence of Personality Traits and Demographics on Rapport Recognition Using Adversarial Learning
Authors: Wei Wenqing , Li Sixia , Mawalim Candy Olivia , Li Xiguang , Komatani Kazunori , Okada Shogo
Published: February 2025

The automatic recognition of user rapport at the dialogue level for multimodal dialogue systems (MDSs) is a critical component of effective dialogue system management. Both the dialogue systems and their evaluations need to be based on user expressions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that user personalities and demographic data such as age and gender significantly affect user expression. Neglecting users’ personalities and demographic data will result in less accurate user expression and rapport recognition. To the best of our knowledge, no existing studies have considered the effects of users’ personalities and demographic data on the automatic recognition of user rapport in MDSs. To analyze the influence of users’ personalities and demographic data on dialogue level user rapport recognition, we first used a Hazummi dataset which is an online dataset containing users’ personal information (personality, age, and gender information). Based on this dataset, we analyzed the relationship between user rapport in dialogue systems and users’ traits, finding that gender and age significantly influence the recognition of user rapport. These factors could potentially introduce biases into the model. To mitigate the impact of users’ traits, we introduced an adversarial-based model. Experimental results showed a significant improvement in user rapport recognition compared to models that do not account for users’ traits. To validate our multimodal modeling approach, we compared it to human perception and instruction-based Large Language Models (LLMs). The results showed that our model outperforms that of human and instruction-based LLM models.
Preventing and Managing Pre- and Postoperative Micronutrient Deficiencies: A Vital Component of Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Reytor-González Claudia , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Nuñez-Vásquez Cristina , Parise-Vasco Juan Marcos , Zambrano-Villacres Raynier , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Schiavo Luigi
Published: February 2025

Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the anatomical and physiological changes associated with these procedures significantly increase the risk of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies, which can lead to severe complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. This narrative review examines the prevalence and clinical implications of micronutrient deficiencies in BS patients, as well as evidence-based strategies for their prevention and management. The most common deficiencies include iron, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, vitamin D, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, and K). Procedures with a hypoabsorptive component, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), pose higher risks of deficiencies compared to restrictive procedures like sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Effective strategies involve the preoperative correction of deficiencies, continuous monitoring, and tailored supplementation. However, long-term adherence to supplementation tends to decrease over time, influenced by behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Hence, preventing and managing micronutrient deficiencies are crucial for the long-term success of BS. While current guidelines provide valuable recommendations, many are based on low-certainty evidence, underscoring the need for more robust studies. A multidisciplinary approach, combined with innovative strategies, such as telemedicine, can enhance adherence and achieve sustainable clinical outcomes.