bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program pemulihan luar institusi untuk penagih dadah
Authors: Mohamed Mahmood Nazar , Ishak Ismail , Ishak Noor Azniza , Kasa Muhamad Dzahir
Published: July 2021

Kajian ini meneliti program pemulihan dadah yang dijalankan diluar institusi rawatan dan pemulihan dadah di Malaysia bagi memberi jawapan kepada kekuatan, kekangan serta cabaran yang dihadapi dalam menguruskan lebih daripada 35 ribu orang penagih dadah yang ditempatkan dalam program pengawasan atau program jagaan lanjutan. Kajian ini melibatkan penagih dadah dalam proses kepulihan serta pegawai-pegawai pemulihan di Agensi Dadah Kebangsaan (ADK). Data-data penting mengenai tahap penerimaan,persepsi serta kepuasan penagih dadah dalam kepulihan terhadap program turut dimuatkan dalam monograf ini. Kajian ini juga turut menemui beberapa batasan serta cabaran yang dihadapi oleh organisasi ADK dalam menguruskan program pemulihan dadah diluar institusi. Faktor yang paling ketara ialah batasan sumber manusia dari segi kapasiti, keupayaan dan kemahiran di samping beban kerja yang tinggi serta tidak realistik. Monograf ini dapat menjadi rujukan dan panduan oleh ADK, pegawai-pegawai pemulihan serta pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi yang mengkaji tentang permasalahan dadah dan penagihan dadah di Malaysia.
Perakaunan sektor awam di Malaysia
Authors: Engku Ali Engku Ismail , Ismail Mohamad Sharofi , Syed Ismail Syed Soffian , Saidin Siti Zabedah , Abdullah Zarifah
Published: July 2021

Sektor awam merupakan penyumbang utama kepada kemajuan ekonomi sesebuah negara.Pelbagai tindakan telah diambil oleh kerajaan bagi meningkatkan tahap kualiti dan akauntabiliti di kalangan agensi dan para anggotanya supaya dapat memberi perkhidmatan dengan lebih baik di samping memastikan tahap ketelusan dalam pengurusan kewangannya. Aspek-aspek perakaunan yang berkaitan dengan sektor awam menjadi sesuatu yang amat menarik untuk diterokai, dipelajari dan diamalkan.Buku ini mengandungi sepuluh bab yang berkaitan dengan persekitaran perakaunan sektor awam, struktur kerajaan dan pentadbiran di Malaysia, aspek perundangan, belanjawan, amalan perakaunan, laporan kewangan, pengauditan, dasar persyarikatan dan penswastaan, penilaian prestasi, dan isu-isu dalam perakaunan sektor awam.Kandungan dan format buku ini telah mengambil kira keperluan silibus perakaunan sektor awam di peringkat ijazah pertama di samping memberi contoh-contoh yang relevan dan terkini.
Urusan wang, perbankan dan kewangan analisis mikroekonomi
Authors: Abu Bakar Abu Sufian , Mohd Khan Shazida , Abd Jalil Ahmad Zafrullah , Golam Hassan Asan Ali
Published: July 2021

Buku ini mengandungi 13 bab dalam empat bahagian utama. Bahagian Pertama mengandungi 2 bab, Bab 1 menjelaskan pengenalan kepada wang bermula dari sejarah penciptaan wang sehinggalah kepada pentakrifan wang. Bab 2 membincangkan tentang sistem kewangan dan tumpuan diberi kepada sistem kewangan di Malaysia serta perbandingan teori. Permasalahan kadar bunga, pulangan dan penentuannya diterangkan secara mendalam di dalam Bab 3 dan Bab 4. Struktur sistem kewangan dijelaskan peranannya kepada ekonomi sehingga kepada pewujudan sistem perbankan yang terdiri dari bank Perdangangan sehingga kepada proses penciptaan deposit ; Bank Pusat tumpuan terhadap Bank Negara Malaysia; bank Perdangangan di Malaysia ; dan Sistem kewangan tanpa Faedah dijelaskan di Bab 5 sehinggalah Bab 9. Bahagian Keempat mencakupi empat bab lagi yang memberi tumpuan kepada isu wang dalam ekonomi, Teori Permintaan dan Penawaran Wang serta Keberkesanan Dasar Kewangan.
The political economy of external auditing in Malaysia 1957 - 1997
Authors: Md. Ali Azham
Published: July 2021

This work investigates the role and contribution of external auditing as practiced in Malaysian society in the first 40 years since independence in 1957.It applies the political economic approach, which emphasises the social relations aspects of professional activity rather than economic forces alone.The political economic approach is applied by utilising an enlarged exogenous framework of processual change analysis.This particular interpretive framework views external auditing in Malaysia over the forty year period (1957-1997) as an open, dynamic social system comprising two pattern transformations.The study focuses specifically on the historical development of, and environment influences on the countrys audit practice and provides insights into the operational form of contemporary audit practice and the historical, social, economic and political determinants of that form.The writer extrapolates that in all probability, the future of auditing in Malaysia will continue to be constrained by unresolved problems; audit in Malaysia seems to be case of the triumph of hope over experience.
Pengantar statistik
Authors: Shafie Izham
Published: July 2021

Ilmu statistik adalah satu bidang yang sangat luas dari segi kandungannya mahupun penggunaannya. Penggunaanya ketika ini adalah sejajar dengan kepesatan perkembangan teknologi maklumat dan penyelidikan gunaan. Buku iniditulis untuk membincangkan beberapa aspek berkaitan dengan konsep-konsep asas dalam statistik seperti teknik pengumpulan data, kaedah persampelan dan teknik penyajian data. Selain daripada itu, perbincangan juga ditumpukan kepada beberapa ukuran kecenderungan memusat dan serakan bagi sesuatu set data.Pendedahan juga diberikan dalan tajuk-tajuk berkaitan teori kebarangkalian, teori persampelan, taburan kebarangkalian dalam tumpuan kepada beberapa taburankebarangkalian khas seperti taburan binomial, poisson dan normal. Buku ini amat sesuai menjadi panduan terutamanya bagai pelajar-palajar kursus diploma dan ijazah.
Pembangunan ekspatriat dalam konteks pengurusan sumber manusia antarabangsa
Authors: Yusof Ab. Aziz
Published: July 2021

Buku ini disediakan khusus untuk syarikat-syarikat Malaysia yang telah atau bercadang mengembangkan sayap pengoperasiannya ke luar negara. Begitu juga denganpengurus-pengurus tempatan yang sedang dan bercadang meluaskan pengalaman mereka untuk bertugas di luar negara, ahli-ahli akademik yang berperanan mengembangkan pengetahuan dalam subjek ini, dan pelajar-pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi yang mengambil kursus perdagangan antarabangsa atau kursus pengurusan sumber manusia pada peringkat pra-universiti, diploma, ijazah pertama, dan sarjana.Semua pihak yang dinyatakan di atas, perlu menyedari bahawa pengurusan syarikat pada masa akan datang terpaksa berhadapan dengan isu-isu kepelbagaian yang sudahtentu memerlukan ekspatriat yang berkebolehan untuk menangani pelbagai masalah yang timbul. Oleh itu,kemunculan buku ini dalam bahasa Melayu akan membantu pelbagai pihak untuk membuat persiapan secara proaktif bagi berhadapan dengan isu-isu pengurusan sumber manusia antarabangsa yang jauh lebih kompleks jika berbanding dengan isu-isu tempatan.
Politik organisasi dalam penilaian prestasi realiti atau persepsi
Authors: Yusof Ab. Aziz
Published: July 2021

Buku ini mengemukakan persiapan yang akan dihadapi oleh penilai bagi menghadapi sebarang kemungkinan yang ada kalanya di luar batasan moral, etika, akhlak, polisi,prosedur dan peraturan kesan daripada perlaksanaan sistem penilaian prestasi.Sehubungan itu, pihak yang terlibat dalam sistem ini, hendaklah peka dan lebih berwaspada apabila berhadapan dengan isu-isu pengurusan pada abad ke-21 yang lebih terdedah kepada maklumat-maklumat terkini, kepekaan terhadap perundangan,dan keprihatinan terhadap kualiti persekitaran di tempat kerja. Buku ini disediakankhusus untuk pengurus dan kakitangan awam, sektor swasta, badan-badan bukan kerajaan, ahli akademik dan golongan profesional, yang sentiasa dihambati pelbagai permasalahan dalam penilaian prestasi. Selain itu, pelajar Institut Pengajian Tinggi(IPT) juga disarankan membaca buku ini kerana mereka akan turut menghadapi masalah yang sama pada masa hadapan.
CLOUD-BASED LEARNING SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING STUDENTSâ€™ PROGRAMMING SKILLS AND SELF-EFFICACY
Authors: Salleh Norsaremah , Sheikh Ibrahim Abdullahi Mohamud , Nordin Azlin , Amer Alwan Ali
Published: July 2021

Cloud-based Learning Systems (CBLS) refers to the systems that provide electronic or online content to enable the learning process by offering tools and functionalities through platform available in Cloud. This research seeks to examine the effectiveness of CBLS in improving programming skills among undergraduate students by measuring studentsâ€™ performance in solving programming problems. This is because there is no empirical evidence on the effectiveness of CBLS when compared with the traditional method of learning programming among student beginners. Traditionally, teaching programming courses has been performed in a classroom setting and it can be very challenging for an instructor to go beyond covering the languageâ€™s syntax such as program design skills and problem-solving skills due to the wide variety of studentsâ€™ background in such bounded class duration. In this study, three single-subject experiments were conducted using 40 undergraduate students enrolled in Web Programming course. The experiments compared the time students spent to solve programming tasks by using traditional learning method and CBLS. A survey to measure studentsâ€™ self-efficacy was administered before and after the experiments. The findings of this study showed that there is a statistically significant difference in learning programming using CBLS when compared with traditional method. Our results showed that students solve programming problems in less time when using CBLS. The study also found out that CBLS is effective for improving studentsâ€™ self-efficacy.
Tìm kiếm ảnh dựa vào Ontology
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Uyên Nhi , Văn Thế Thành , Lê Mạnh Thạnh
Published: July 2021

Bài toán tìm kiếm ảnh đóng vai trò quan trọng trong mọi lĩnh vực của cuộc sống. Trong bài báo này, mộtphương pháp tìm kiếm ảnh dựa vào Ontology OBIR (Ontology-based Image Retrieval) được đề xuất nhằm xác định ngữ nghĩa cấp cao của hình ảnh. Ontology bán tự động được đề xuất xây dựng làm cơ sở tri thức cho tìm kiếm ảnh theo tiếp cận ngữ nghĩa, đồng thời câu truy vấn SPARQL được tự động tạo ra từ văn bản đầu vào hoặc từ lớp ngữ nghĩa của ảnh đầu vào, được xác định thông qua công cụ tìm kiếm học máy dựa trên đồ thị cụm láng giềng, để tìm kiếm trên Ontology này. Để minh chứng cho các lý thuyết đã đề xuất, chúng tôi tiến hành thực nghiệm trên bộ ảnh ImageCLEF (20.000 hình ảnh) và Stanford Dogs (20.580 hình ảnh). Kết quả thực nghiệm của phương pháp tìm kiếm ảnh dựa vào Ontology được so sánh với phương pháp tìm kiếm ảnh theo nội dung, đồng thời được so sánh với các công trình khác cùng tập dữ liệu ảnh nhằm chứng minh tính hiệu quả và đúng đắn của các đề xuất trong bài báo.
Do livro didático ao texto do aluno: as subordinadas adverbiais para além das conjunções e classificações
Authors: Dias Salvaterra Leandro
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explicar e descrever os usos não-padrão das orações subordinadas adverbiais no texto dos alunos de 9° e 3° anos do município de Nova Lacerda ˗ MT. Para dialogar com nosso trabalho, utilizamos gramáticas de teor tradicional, como Cunha e Cintra (1985) e Bechara (2010) e funcional, correspondendo às gramáticas da Neves (2001) e de Castilho (2010). O corpus que compõe os resultados da análise são textos (dissertativo argumentativo e carta de solicitação argumentativa) coletados dos alunos, assim como utilizamos os livros didáticos para explicar as ocorrências que não estão prescritas na norma-padrão. Pôde-se verificar que os livros didáticos utilizados contribuem para o tipo de escrita dos alunos, visto que as conjunções são abordadas como determinantes do tipo de subordinação e a classificação é tida como mais importante do que seu efeito semântico.
Práticas de retextualização e reescrita na aula de PLE:
Authors: Albuquerque Davi , Franco Nascimento Aurelie Marie
Published: July 2021

As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) se tornaram ferramentas importantes no ensino de língua materna e de língua estrangeira (LE). Da mesma maneira, as diversas práticas de retextualização e reescrita têm se provado técnicas de ensino eficazes. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é propor uma atividade de natureza comunicativa para o ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE), com ênfase no uso de blogs, que relacione essas novas tecnologias (que o blog, a internet e vários outros recursos virtuais estão inclusos) com as tarefas de retextualização e reescrita. Desta maneira, após a introdução, em (1), discutimos alguns princípios básicos de PLE e TIC, em (2); em seguida, em (3), descrevemos nossa proposta de atividade de ensino de PLE por meio de blog; para, em (4), apresentarmos nossas considerações finais.
Analisis Kontribusi Dan Efektivitas Hasil Pengelolaan Kakayaan Daerah Yang Dipisahkan Sebagai Sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Belitung Timur
Authors: Zukhri Nizwan , Aqdas Awliya , Yanuar Dony
Published: July 2021

The research aims to analyze the contribution and effectiveness as well as influence of result of the segregated asset management as local own-source revenue. The method used was descriptive statistic with ratio analysis and simple linier regression analysis. The data used were secondary in the orm of regional income report of East Belitung Regency from 2015-2019.The result showed that the average contribution pf the segregated regional asset management is 3.34% that classified as very low. The average effectiveness ratio is 100.08% which classified as very effective. The simple linier regression test result showed that the contribution of the segregated regional asset management has a positive and significant effect on the local own-source revenue of East Belitung Regency.
The Current State on the Use of Simulation in Paramedic Education
Authors: Diamond Adam , Bilton Natalia
Published: July 2021

This article presents the current state of the literature regarding the use of simulation in the field of paramedicine. It provides the reader with an overview on the current knowledge with the view to inform and foster innovation and development around simulation in paramedic education. We hope that other researchers will use this work to further inform and develop their simulations, not only for the purposes of assessment but also for learning and teaching in paramedicine.
RISK MANAGEMENT AS CHALLENGE TO TODAY’S ENTERPRISES
Authors: Gorzeń-Mitka Iwona
Published: July 2021

Risk and its management are becoming increasingly important issues in modern theory and practice of managing organizations. It is propounded that organizations, regardless of the type or size of activity they carry out, take into account the impact of risk in their decisions and processes. Managerial approach to risk is aimed at reducing the extent to which risk impacts the functioning of an organization, allowing it to take optimal decisions. At the same time, changes occurring in the environment increase manifold the risk that organizations are forced to take. Inadequacy of the existing, traditional approaches to risk management, which often do not correspond to the dynamics of the changes in the environment in which today’s organizations function, makes it necessary to look for new, innovative managerial solutions. This has led to the emergence of the paradigm of enterprise risk management (ERM).
E-TOURISM SERVICES IN POLISH TOURISTS' OPINIONS
Authors: Papińska-Kacperek Joanna
Published: July 2021

E-tourism is most often related only with web pages of travel agencies or aggregators offering many services, where it is possible to make transactions electronically. Whereas many applications and devices are applied in tourism, like the audio guides and mobile guides (sometimes with augmented reality functions), electronic cards in museums, 2D codes systems, web pages for individual tourists, geographic information systems (e.g. Google Street View), social network sites recommendation, and profiles of cities on social networks sites like Facebook. Polish tourists' opinions about mentioned innovative tools will be presented as the report from the survey conducted among students and graduates from three Polish universities. The objectives of the study are: investigating the popularity of e-tourist services in Poland and verifying whether municipal authorities promote e-tourism initiatives.
Key words: e-tourism, mobile guide, audio guide, QR code.
PERCEPTIONS OF EXECUTIVE PAYMENT ABUSE IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Pendiuc Tudor , Lis Elena Carmen
Published: July 2021

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, executive compensation abuse has been deeply criticized. Thus, the actuality of research is undeniable. The article highlights the importance of learning from other institutions’ past and present executive compensation abuse experiences by presenting the participants’ shared experiences (having to do with executive compensation abuse) and by studying how participants perceive executive compensation abuse. The main objective of this research lies in exploring participants’ shared experiences concerning executive compensation abuse, as well as their perceptions, discrepancies and unsolved questions – presented within an ample, interconnected qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. A sample of 20 individuals was chosen for the triangulation method. From the resultant triangulation six new themes derive from the interview/questionnaire questions specifically referring to executive payment abuse namely: (a) ethics means distinguishing between right and wrong, (b) perspectives of ethical behaviour, (c) types of executive payment abuse, (d) the participant’s perceptions of institution and colleagues.
Key words: executive compensation abuse, leader, public institution, perception.
CAN A SMALL WINTER RESORT BE MANAGED AND MARKETED LIKE A LARGE ONE: A CASE OF BULGARIAN SKI RESORT BANSKO
Authors: Shabanski Filip
Published: July 2021

Throughout the world today there are about 80 countries which practice various winter sports. Regardless of the wide geographical range demand in terms of existing infrastructure is highly concentrated in a few regions of the world. To be competitive ski resorts have to deliver good experiences and excellent value to tourists. Current community officials and destination managers of the Bulgarian ski resort of Bansko believe that the main weakness of this ski centre is the extensive waiting at the bottom gondola station and advocates expansion of the ski runs and lift capacity. The aim of the article is to research the strengths and weaknesses of the resort in regional and world context and to prove that further expansion will not forge a strong emotional connection with visitors and thus will not bring success in destination markets. The methodology used in this article follows three steps: 1) Literature review on the nature of the ski market in the world, as well as factors contributing to effective destination management; 2) International, national and regional data analysis of existing secondary data on winter sports market and 3) Qualitative study carried out with a purposive sample of key informants. The SWOT analysis based on the results of the qualitative study show that touristic shareholders in Bansko should apply an appropriate strategy for small winter resorts by offering a unique product that speaks to the world instead of trying to promote universal broad product for the mass market.
Key word: destination, market, marketing, resort, strategy, tourism
Окремі аспекти цифровізації бізнес-процесів підприємства в сучасних умовах
Authors: Мельничук Г. С. , Марченко О. І.
Published: July 2021

У статті розкрито напрями цифрової трансформації підприємства. Досліджено складові елементи цифровізації бізнес-процесів підприємства. Охарактеризовано етапи розробки заходів щодо цифровізації бізнес-процесів підприємства. Виділено позитивні наслідки, труднощі та загрози цифровізації бізнес-процесів підприємства. Розглянуто позитивний досвід впровадження цифрових технологій окремими компаніями. Обґрунтовано доцільність поєднання цифровізацїї бізнес-процесів із власне цифровізацією системи управління, зміною корпоративної культури підприємства та підходів до роботи структурних підрозділів і взаємодії працівників.
The accuracy of PlanetScope imagery to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur nutrition estimation in terraced paddy field
Authors: Komariah - , Husnan - , Mujiyo - , Suryono -
Published: July 2021

This study aims to find out the accuracy of PlanetScope imagery in analyzing the total content of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulfur (S) in terrace paddy field. The area for this research is terraced paddy fields in Wonosari Sub-district, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope (www.planet.com) was conducted at the Pedology Laboratory and Soil Survey, while soil sample analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS). The preparation aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope was carried out in September 2019. Soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and data analysis were carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. There are 3 Citra PlanetScope bands that have a significant effect on the elements being studied. Those three bands are band 1 (red), band 3 (blue) and band 4 (NIR). Multiple linear regression analysis obtained a regression equation model from those three bands. This model can be used as an estimator for the existence of the soil nutrient being studied. The accuracy values obtained for N, P, K and S in terraced paddy fields are 97.58%; 94.85%; 85.97%; and 97.39% and the R2 value of 0.39; 0.30; 0.30 and 0.27. The R2 value, which is still relatively small, indicates that there are many factors may affect the accuracy value.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 1-9, June 2021
Comparative profitability analysis and resource use efficiency of beekeeping using wooden and poly hive in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sadia FT , Hossain MS , Begum R , Sujan MHK
Published: July 2021

Apiarist traditionally adopt wooden hive in beekeeping. Modern poly hive provides a superior environment to raise and keep the honeybee population more vigorous due to its high-tech internal facilities and sanitary system. This study was conducted to examine the comparative profitability and resource use efficiency of beekeeping using traditional wooden hive and modern poly hive in Bangladesh during 2017-18. A total of 60 beekeepers, all have traditional wooden hive and 15 have modern poly hive, were randomly selected from Sirajganj, Gazipur and Satkhira districts to conduct farm level survey with pre-tested questionnaire. Findings of the study reveal that per hive gross and net return were Tk. 11019.26 and 4082.45 for wooden hive and Tk. 27373.34 and 19838.42 for poly hive, respectively. Total cost of beekeeping was Tk. 6936.81 and 7534.92 per hive for wooden and poly hive, respectively. Besides, benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were 1.59 and 3.63 for wooden and poly hive, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis reveals that labour, transportation, insecticide, equipment, hive and rental costs had significant influence on the returns of beekeeping. More than two times higher BCR and significant positive dummy variable “modern poly hive” indicate the greater profitability of beekeeping in modern poly hives. Resource use efficiency analysis indicates that labour, insecticide, equipment, and honey extraction inputs were under-utilized while feed, transportation, marketing, hive, colony and rental inputs were over-utilized. Beekeeping is also affected by some constraints including high costs of modern poly hive accessories, lack of skilled labour and initial capital, inadequate transportation and marketing facilities. Government and other related organizations should take necessary measures to mitigate those problems. Based on the findings, it is recommended to adopt modern poly hive in beekeeping.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 84-91, June 2021
Illumination Correction of Multi-Time RGB Images Obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Kataev Michael Yu. , Dadonova Maria M. , Efremenko Dmitry S.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this research was to study and optimize multi-temporal RGB images obtained by a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). A digital camera onboard the UAV allows obtaining data with a high temporal and spatial resolution of ground objects. In the case considered by us, the object of study is agricultural fields, for which, based on numerous images covering the agricultural field, image mosaics (orthomosaics) are constructed. The acquisition time for each orthomosaic takes at least several hours, which imposes a change in the illuminance of each image, when considered separately. Orthomosaics obtained in different periods of the year (several months) will also differ from each other in terms of illuminance. For a comparative analysis of different parts of the field (orthomosaic), obtained in the same time interval or comparison of areas for different periods of time, their alignment by illumination is required. Currently, the majority of alignment approaches rely rather on colour (RGB) methods, which cannot guarantee finding efficient solutions, especially when it is necessary to obtain a quantitative result. In the paper, a new method is proposed that takes into account the change in illuminance during the acquisition of each image. The general formulation of the problem of light correction of RGB images in terms of assessing the colour vegetation index Greenness is considered. The results of processing real measurements are presented.
Simulation Study on Factors to be Considered for Each Type of Indoor Luminaires and Light Sources when Converting to LEDs
Authors: Kim Jaemin
Published: July 2021

As high-efficiency lighting has become mainstream, conversion of lighting equipment is under way, starting with government agencies. Existing fluorescent luminaires are being converted with LED luminaires. The main method used for conversion is to remove the fluorescent lamp (case 1) and replace it to a tubular LED lamp, and convert the luminaire itself with a LED panel luminaire (case 2). However, focusing only on energy efficiency, the existing luminous environment are not considered, such as illuminance, illuminance uniformity, and UGR. Therefore, the optical characteristics were measured using the actual luminaire used in the conversion. Simulations were performed comparing the luminous environment and power consumption before/after conversion. Case 1 had advantages in power consumption and UGR over case 2, and the illuminance was slightly reduced, but it met the criteria. These results confirmed that the conversion of lighting devices at least ensured the existing luminous environment.
Long-term monitoring of benthic communities reveals spatial determinants of disturbance and recovery dynamics on coral reefs
Authors: Moritz C , Brandl SJ , Rouzé H , Vii J , Pérez-Rosales G , Bosserelle P , Chancerelle Y , Galzin R , Liao V , Siu G , Taiarui M , Nugues MM , Hédouin L
Published: July 2021

Coral reefs across the globe are facing threats from a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Consequently, the proportional representation of live scleractinian corals in the benthic community has declined substantially in many regions. In contrast, parts of the reef ecosystem around Mo’orea (French Polynesia) have displayed remarkable rebound potential. Nevertheless, detailed studies of when, where, and to what extent reefs have been disturbed and subsequently recovered in the different reef habitats are lacking. Using long-term monitoring data (2004-2018), we reveal that the spatiotemporal dynamics of benthic communities differ markedly between the contiguous inner (fringing and barrier) and outer (fore) reefs. Coral communities on inner reefs vary spatially but were remarkably stable over 15 yr, exhibiting consistent levels of coral and algal cover, with no evidence for disturbance-driven regimes or community transitions. In contrast, the outer reefs showed marked declines in coral cover following consecutive acute disturbances, but coral recovered rapidly thereafter. Nevertheless, community composition changed significantly, with Pocillopora replacing Acropora as the dominant genus at several sites, indicating a more subtle but potentially critical transition into an alternative state defined by the prevalence of a single, fast-growing genus. Inner reef stability and outer reef recovery provide evidence that the effects of environmental disturbances and chronic anthropogenic stressors can manifest in fundamentally different ways, depending on prevailing conditions. Our results suggest important ecological and physical links between inner and outer reef systems that influence the observed dynamics, emphasizing that reef ecosystem management and conservation strategies need to consider all habitats.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NON-FAMILY BUSINESS MEMBERS, NEPOTISM AND PRIDE IN FAMILY BUSINESS SUCCESSION
Authors: Maharani Anita , Yokung Laurencia Bernadette , Ignasius Ervan , Suwargo Nixon
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to raise issues related to the succession of family-owned businesses, influenced by the involvement of members outside the family business and have something to do with nepotism and self-esteem. Conceptually, there is a relationship between members outside the family business, nepotism, and self-esteem in the family business. When there is professional involvement, the effect is positive on the family business's succession. When there is a practice of nepotism, this will harm the family business. And finally, regarding self-esteem, which will have a positive influence on the family business. This research's approach is quantitative, by looking at how much impact the independent variable has on the dependent where the sample of this study is 128 respondents. The results of this study indicate that professional existence does not affect the success of the family business. Simultaneously, nepotism will harm the family business, and then self-esteem will affect the family business's succession.
Eight-Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Is It Time to Return to Physical Activity?
Authors: Salatkaitė Saulė , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Žumbakytė-Šermukšnienė Renata , Gudas Rimtautas
Published: July 2021

Background. Return to participation in sport is an important outcome when evaluating the success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. A review by Arden et al. (2014) demonstrates that just because an athlete has surgery, it does not automatically mean that they will return to sport. So, the purpose of this study was to assess if patients could return to their pre-injury activity level 8 months after ACLR.

Methods. Patients completed IKDC-2000, ACL-RSI questionnaires, underwent FMS, YBT, HOP test sets and drop jump tests, which were evaluated with the LESS. ACL laxity was measured by using a GNRB® device. Participants were 81 patients. They were divided into two groups based on single leg HOP test results. The first group included 30 persons who all had their four single leg HOP test scores above 90%. The second group consisted of 51 persons for whom at least one of the single leg HOP tests scored lower than 90%.

Results. IKDC and HOP test results in the first group scored higher than in the second group. Psychological confidence was higher in the first group, who had better HOP test results. For the first group, FMS and LESS results were better than those for the second group. Moderate positive correlation was found between LESS scores and laxity results, FMS, three HOP sub-tests. IKDC had the biggest number of correlations with other tests. Results showed negative and weak correlation with laxity results using 134 N power, as well as positive and moderate correlation with HOP sub-tests, FMS, ACL-RSI. Single HOP for distance, triple HOP for distance, crossover HOP for distance and LESS increased the odds of achieving RTS criteria. No other factors were found to be associated with the accomplishment of reaching RTS criteria after ACLR.

Conclusions. The main factor which can help decide if a person can return to their pre-injury level of physical activity are the single leg HOP test and LESS. The use of single leg HOP tests and LESS along with psychological and self-reported evaluations is the best test combination for assessment 8 months after ACLR.

Keywords: ACL reconstruction, function tests, return to play, jump tests, psychological readiness.
The Analysis of Regional Expenditure Responses to Block Grants Transfer from Central Government
Authors: Nawawi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

The implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is exactly two decades in year 2021, during this time the policies in the field of transfers to regions have developed with a significant increase in the budget. The budget increasing of transfer to regions is expected to increase the region in providing services to the community and increase development. Furthermore, the objectives of fiscal decentralization are to reduce fiscal gaps and encourage regional governments to be more independent. This study aims to determine the response or behavior of regional spending to transfer funds (block grants) from the central government. The research locus are all districts/cities in West Java, Central Java, and East Java Provinces and used a panel data equation, with variables are regional expenditure, general allocation fund (DAU), sharing allocation fund (DBH), and local revenues (PAD). The results showed that the block grant in the form of DAU encouraged an increase in regional spending. Meanwhile, DBH does not cause a flypaper effect. In the future, in order to achieve the region’s independence, the influence of the flypaper effect from the DAU should be minimized, and the exploration of potential regional revenues needs to be optimized.
Screening Diverse Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa ssp.) Mini Germplasm for Tolerance to Heat and Complete Submergence Stress During Seedling Stage
Authors: Stallworth Shandrea , Shrestha Swati , Schumaker Brooklyn , Roma-Burgos Nilda , Tseng Te-Ming
Published: July 2021

Rice is a staple food for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide, with Asia producing almost 90% of the global rice yield. In the US, rice is primarily produced in four regions: Arkansas Grand Prairie, Mississippi Delta, Gulf Coast, and Sacramento Valley of California. Arkansas currently accounts for more than 50% of the rice produced in the US. As global temperatures continue to rise and fluctuate, crop-breeding programs must continue to evolve. Unfortunately, sudden submergence due to climate change and unpredictable flash flooding can cause yield reduction up to 100% and affect 20 million ha of agricultural farmlands. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that temperatures higher than 34°C can cause spikelet infertility resulting in up to 60% reduction in yield. One major drawback to developing abiotic stress-tolerant rice is the loss of critical traits such as vegetative vigor, spikelet fertility, and grain quality, which are essential in increasing economic return for farmers. To replace traits lost in past breeding endeavors, weedy rice (WR) has been proposed as a source for novel trait discovery to improve rice breeding programs. Therefore, the goal of this study was to screen and identify heat- and submergence-tolerant WR accessions. A WR mini germplasm consisting of seedlings at the 3–4 leaf stage was exposed to heat (38°C) and complete submergence for 21 days. After each treatment, height was recorded every 7 days for 28 days, and biomass was collected 28 days after treatment. The average height reduction across all accessions was 19 and 21% at 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT) for the heat-stress treatment. The average height reduction across all accessions was 25 and 33% for the complete submergence stress. The average biomass reduction across all accessions was 18 and 21% for heat and complete submergence stress, respectively. Morphologically, at 28 DAT, 28% of the surviving WR accessions in the heat-stress treatment with <20% height reduction were straw-colored hull types without awns. Under complete submergence stress, 33% of the surviving WR accessions were blackhull types without awns. These specific biotypes may play a role in the increased resilience of WR populations to heat or submergence stress. The results presented in this paper will highlight elite WR accessions that can survive the effects of climate change.
Together Is Better: The Rumen Microbial Community as Biological Toolbox for Degradation of Synthetic Polyesters
Authors: Quartinello Felice , Kremser Klemens , Schoen Herta , Tesei Donatella , Ploszczanski Leon , Nagler Magdalena , Podmirseg Sabine M. , Insam Heribert , Piñar Guadalupe , Sterflingler Katja , Ribitsch Doris , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: July 2021

Graphical Abstract

Identfication of plastics degradation and microbial community analysis of Rumen.
Effect of Rotator Cuff Deficiencies on Muscle Forces and Glenohumeral Contact Force After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Musculoskeletal Multibody Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Chen Zhenxian , Fan Xunjian , Gao Yongchang , Zhang Jing , Guo Lei , Chen Shibin , Jin Zhongmin
Published: July 2021

Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) is widely used to treat the diseases of the glenohumeral (GH) joint. However, the incidence of rotator cuff tears after ATSA increases during follow-up. The effects of rotator cuff deficiencies after ATSA on the biomechanics of the GH joint are to be investigated. In this study, a musculoskeletal multibody dynamics model of ATSA was established using a force-dependent kinematics (FDK) method. The biomechanical effects were predicted during arm abduction under different rotator cuff deficiencies. The deltoid forces were increased under the rotator cuff deficiencies, the maximum deltoid forces were increased by 36% under the subscapularis deficiency and by 53% under the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor deficiencies. The maximum GH contact forces were decreased by 11.3% under supraspinatus and infraspinatus deficiencies but increased by 24.8% under subscapularis deficiency. The maximum subscapularis force was decreased by 17% under only infraspinatus tear during arm abduction. The results suggested that the changes in the biomechanics of the GH joint induced by rotator cuff deficiencies after ATSA increase the deltoid muscle energy expenditure and joint instability, which result in postoperative less satisfactory clinical outcomes. The changes in rotator cuff muscle forces deserve more attention for understanding the evolution of rotator cuff tear after ATSA.
Aberrant Autophagy Impacts Growth and Multicellular Development in a Dictyostelium Knockout Model of CLN5 Disease
Authors: McLaren Meagan D. , Mathavarajah Sabateeshan , Kim William D. , Yap Shyong Q. , Huber Robert J.
Published: July 2021

Mutations in CLN5 cause a subtype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) called CLN5 disease. While the precise role of CLN5 in NCL pathogenesis is not known, recent work revealed that the protein has glycoside hydrolase activity. Previous work on the Dictyostelium discoideum homolog of human CLN5, Cln5, revealed its secretion during the early stages of development and its role in regulating cell adhesion and cAMP-mediated chemotaxis. Here, we used Dictyostelium to examine the effect of cln5-deficiency on various growth and developmental processes during the life cycle. During growth, cln5– cells displayed reduced cell proliferation, cytokinesis, viability, and folic acid-mediated chemotaxis. In addition, the growth of cln5– cells was severely impaired in nutrient-limiting media. Based on these findings, we assessed autophagic flux in growth-phase cells and observed that loss of cln5 increased the number of autophagosomes suggesting that the basal level of autophagy was increased in cln5– cells. Similarly, loss of cln5 increased the amounts of ubiquitin-positive proteins. During the early stages of multicellular development, the aggregation of cln5– cells was delayed and loss of the autophagy genes, atg1 and atg9, reduced the extracellular amount of Cln5. We also observed an increased amount of intracellular Cln5 in cells lacking the Dictyostelium homolog of the human glycoside hydrolase, hexosaminidase A (HEXA), further supporting the glycoside hydrolase activity of Cln5. This observation was also supported by our finding that CLN5 and HEXA expression are highly correlated in human tissues. Following mound formation, cln5– development was precocious and loss of cln5 affected spore morphology, germination, and viability. When cln5– cells were developed in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride, the formation of multicellular structures was impaired, and the size of cln5– slugs was reduced relative to WT slugs. These results, coupled with the aberrant autophagic flux observed in cln5– cells during growth, support a role for Cln5 in autophagy during the Dictyostelium life cycle. In total, this study highlights the multifaceted role of Cln5 in Dictyostelium and provides insight into the pathological mechanisms that may underlie CLN5 disease.
Comprehensive Analysis of Ferroptosis Regulators With Regard to PD-L1 and Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Song , Chen Shiming , Ying Yufan , Ma Xueyou , Shen Haixiang , Li Jiangfeng , Wang Xiao , Lin Yiwei , Liu Ben , Zheng Xiangyi , Xie Liping
Published: July 2021

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the tumor types with sensitivity to ferroptosis, and immunotherapy has emerged as a standard pillar for metastatic ccRCC treatment, while it remains largely obscure whether ferroptosis influences the tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC. Based on available data in The Cancer Genome Atlas, divergent expression profiles of ferroptosis regulators were noted in ccRCC and normal tissues, and we also found that the ferroptosis regulators correlated with the PD-L1 expression. Two independent subtypes were determined by consensus clustering analysis according to the expression level of ferroptosis regulators in ccRCC. Cluster 1 showed lower histological tumor stage and grade, more favorable prognosis, and higher PD-L1 expression compared to cluster 2. CIBERSORT analysis revealed that cluster 2 harbored higher infiltrated levels of CD8+ T cell, Tregs, and T follicular helper cell, while cluster 1 more correlated with the monocyte, M1 macrophage, and M2 macrophage. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the ERBB signaling and JAK_STAT signaling pathways were significantly enriched in cluster 1. We subsequently identified CARS as the potentially key immune infiltration-related ferroptosis regulator, whose high expression showed dismal prognosis and was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in ccRCC. We also verified the upregulation of CARS in ccRCC tissues and cell lines via qRT-PCR method. Additionally, a pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that CARS closely related to the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes (especially PD-L1) and an unfavorable prognosis in diverse cancer types. In summary, our study suggested the crucial role of ferroptosis in immune infiltration of ccRCC, and CARS is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker and potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Direct Neuronal Reprogramming: Bridging the Gap Between Basic Science and Clinical Application
Authors: Vasan Lakshmy , Park Eunjee , David Luke Ajay , Fleming Taylor , Schuurmans Carol
Published: July 2021

Direct neuronal reprogramming is an innovative new technology that involves the conversion of somatic cells to induced neurons (iNs) without passing through a pluripotent state. The capacity to make new neurons in the brain, which previously was not achievable, has created great excitement in the field as it has opened the door for the potential treatment of incurable neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries such as stroke. These neurological disorders are associated with frank neuronal loss, and as new neurons are not made in most of the adult brain, treatment options are limited. Developmental biologists have paved the way for the field of direct neuronal reprogramming by identifying both intrinsic cues, primarily transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, and extrinsic cues, including growth factors and other signaling molecules, that induce neurogenesis and specify neuronal subtype identities in the embryonic brain. The striking observation that postmitotic, terminally differentiated somatic cells can be converted to iNs by mis-expression of TFs or miRNAs involved in neural lineage development, and/or by exposure to growth factors or small molecule cocktails that recapitulate the signaling environment of the developing brain, has opened the door to the rapid expansion of new neuronal reprogramming methodologies. Furthermore, the more recent applications of neuronal lineage conversion strategies that target resident glial cells in situ has expanded the clinical potential of direct neuronal reprogramming techniques. Herein, we present an overview of the history, accomplishments, and therapeutic potential of direct neuronal reprogramming as revealed over the last two decades.
Analysis of Milk Using a Portable Potentiometric Electronic Tongue Based on Five Polymeric Membrane Sensors
Authors: Pérez-González C. , Salvo-Comino C. , Martin-Pedrosa F. , Dias L. , Rodriguez-Perez M. A. , Garcia-Cabezon C. , Rodriguez-Mendez M. L.
Published: July 2021

A portable potentiometric electronic tongue (PE-tongue) was developed and applied to evaluate the quality of milk with different fat content (skimmed, semi-skimmed, and whole) and with different nutritional content (classic, calcium-enriched, lactose-free, folic acid–enriched, and enriched in sterols of vegetal origin). The system consisted of a simplified array of five sensors based on PVC membranes, coupled to a data logger. The five sensors were selected from a larger set of 20 sensors by applying the genetic algorithm (GA) to the responses to compounds usually found in milk including salts (KCl, CaCl2, and NaCl), sugars (lactose, glucose, and galactose), and organic acids (citric acid and lactic acid). Principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) results indicated that the PE-tongue consisting of a five-electrode array could successfully discriminate and classify milk samples according to their nutritional content. The PE-tongue provided similar discrimination capability to that of a more complex system formed by a 20-sensor array. SVM regression models were used to predict the physicochemical parameters classically used in milk quality control (acidity, density, %proteins, %lactose, and %fat). The prediction results were excellent and similar to those obtained with a much more complex array consisting of 20 sensors. Moreover, the SVM method confirmed that spoilage of unsealed milk could be correctly identified with the simplified system and the increase in acidity could be accurately predicted. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using the simplified PE-tongue to predict milk quality and provide information on the chemical composition of milk using a simple and portable system.