bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐interleukin 5 antibody is effective for not only severe asthma and eosinophilic pneumonia but also eosinophilic bronchiolitis
Authors: Tomyo Fuminori , Sugimoto Naoya , Kawamoto Masashi , Nagase Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Masao , Ohta Ken
Published: December 2018

A 60‐year‐old female with severe bronchial asthma developed persistent dyspnoea and an abnormal lung shadow. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) demonstrated patchy ground‐glass opacities and diffuse, small nodular shadows. Elevated percentages of eosinophils were observed in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results collectively indicated that her asthma was accompanied by eosinophilic pneumonia and eosinophilic bronchiolitis. Although previous, rare case reports suggest that systemic steroid therapy is necessary and effective for the control of eosinophilic bronchiolitis, we chose to treat her with an anti‐interleukin 5 antibody, mepolizumab. Her asthma, eosinophilic pneumonia, and eosinophilic bronchiolitis each improved in response to mepolizumab as assessed from her symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and HRCT. Mepolizumab might be effective not only for asthma and eosinophilic pneumonia but also for eosinophilic bronchiolitis.
Notes on growing a tree in a graph
Authors: Devroye Luc , Dujmović Vida , Frieze Alan , Mehrabian Abbas , Morin Pat , Reed Bruce
Published: December 2018

We study the height of a spanning tree T of a graph G obtained by starting with a single vertex of G and repeatedly selecting, uniformly at random, an edge of G with exactly one endpoint in T and adding this edge to T.
Set your students up for success with integrated first‐year experience
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2018

PHOENIX — Students want a formal introduction to your campus, and research shows that orientation and first‐year experience programs help lead to successful retention of students across all types of institutions, said Alicia Moore, dean of student and enrollment services at Central Oregon Community College. Moore recently implemented a mandatory first‐year experience program that requires new students to participate in orientation, advising, and a college success course.
VP shares insights for managing today's challenges
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2018

Since first launching her student affairs career 43 years ago, Trina Dobberstein, Ph.D., has seen a significant increase in the sheer number and magnitude of the challenges facing student affairs professionals as they strive to help students succeed.
Synthesis of a Novel Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Hyperbranched Structure
Authors: Ao Lei , Zhao Wei , Lei Qiang , Wang Dingkai , Guan Yinshuang , Liu Kaishuai , Guo Tiantian , Fan Xing , Wei Xianyong
Published: December 2018

It is well established that the performance of super‐plasticizer (PCE) is mostly determined by its molecular structure. This research tends to combine PCE with hyperbranched polymer and design PCE molecule structure, aiming to enhance the water‐reducing performance of PCE. Here, a novel PCE with hyperbranched molecular structure (HBPCE) was synthesized through two steps. With diallylamine, methyl propenoate and trihydroxymethylpropane as raw material, firstly, a hyperbranched monomer B was successfully synthesized. Then through free radical polymerization of methylallylpoly oxygenethene ether 2400 (HPEG 2400), propenoic acid (AA) and the monomer B in aqueous solution, the final product HBPCE was obtained. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) measurements were used for structural characterization, and gel chromatography was used to measure the molecular weight distribution of HBPCE. In addition, performances of HBPCE in cement paste were investigated. It is concluded that HBPCE has a good dispersing effect on cement paste and the water reduction ratio is up to 38.6%.
Gold‐Loaded Nanoporous Iron Oxide Cubes Derived from Prussian Blue as Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Catalyst at Room Temperature
Authors: Tanaka Shunsuke , Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Jikihara Yohei , Nakayama Tsuruo , Zaman Mukter , Bando Yoshio , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Golberg Dmitri , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: December 2018

This work reports the preparation of carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalysts based on gold nanoparticles supported on nanoporous iron oxide cubes. By heat‐treating Prussian blue (PB) cubes at various temperatures between 250–450 °C in air, nanoporous iron oxide cubes with surface areas up to 100 m2 g−1 are obtained. Owing to the relatively large surface area and nanoporous structure, the as‐synthesized iron oxide cubes can be loaded with up to 11 wt% of Au nanoparticles without significant aggregation. When employed for CO oxidation, the Au‐loaded nanoporous iron oxide cubes exhibit a high CO conversion rate of over 95% at room temperature under 0.1 L⋅min−1 of CO gas flow, with specific activity of up to 1.79 molCO⋅gAu−1⋅h−1. The high catalytic performance of the Au‐loaded nanoporous iron oxide cubes for CO oxidation is contributed by various factors, including: (i) the high surface area of the iron oxide cubes which leads to the availability of more sites for the adsorption of oxygen molecules to react with carbon monoxide to generate more carbon dioxide (CO2); (ii) the presence of nanopores which enhances the diffusivity of the reactant molecules during the catalytic reaction and improves dispersion of the deposited gold nanoparticles while also preventing their aggregation at the same time and (iii) the small size of the deposited gold nanoparticles (2‐5 nm) which falls within the ideal size of gold nanoparticles for achieving high CO conversion.
UIO‐66‐NH2‐Derived Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst Co‐Doped with Fe/N/S as Highly Efficient Cathode Catalyst for PEMFCs
Authors: Zheng Long , Dong Yuanyuan , Chi Bin , Cui Zhiming , Deng Yijie , Shi Xiudong , Du Li , Liao Shijun
Published: December 2018

Efficient, low‐cost catalysts are desirable for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, UIO‐66‐NH2‐derived multi‐element (Fe, S, N) co‐doped porous carbon catalyst is reported, Fe/N/S‐PC, with an octahedral morphology, a well‐defined mesoporous structure, and highly dispersed doping elements, synthesized by a double‐solvent diffusion‐pyrolysis method (DSDPM). The morphology of the UIO‐66‐NH2 precursor is perfectly inherited by the derived carbon material, resulting in a high surface area, a well‐defined mesoporous structure, and atomic‐level dispersion of the doping elements. Fe/N/S‐PC demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity and durability for the ORR in both alkaline and acidic solutions. In 0.1 m KOH, its half‐potential reaches 0.87 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), 30 mV more positive than that of a 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. In 0.1 m HClO4, it reaches 0.785 V (vs RHE), only 65 mV less than that of Pt/C. The catalyst also exhibits excellent performance in acidic hydrogen/oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with the catalyst as the cathode reaches 700 mA·cm‐2 at 0.6 V and a maximum power density of 553 mW·cm‐2, ranking it among the best MEAs with a nonprecious metal catalyst as the cathode.
James M. Buchanan and the Political Economy of Desegregation
Authors: Magness Phillip W. , Carden Art , Geloso Vincent
Published: December 2018

Were 1986 Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan's formative contributions to political economy inspired in significant part by hostility to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision? Nancy MacLean's 2017 Democracy in Chains argues that public choice economics emerged from an opportunistic alliance with Virginia's “Massive Resistance” to school integration and should thus be situated within the racially tinged tradition of southern conservatism. While Buchanan wrote very little on the economics of race, archival evidence and his published works do not support this thesis. Buchanan's work is better understood with reference to his Chicago school mentor Frank Knight and the Italian public finance tradition rather than southern conservatism. To the contrary, we suggest Buchanan believed the competitive processes generated by an educational voucher system would likely undermine rather than rescue the racially segregated status quo. Furthermore, Buchanan's associations and activities suggest that racial hierarchy was not part of his normative vision.
Optimal Strategies for Utility from Terminal Wealth with General Bid and Ask Prices
Authors: Rogala Tomasz , Stettner Lukasz
Published: December 2018

In the paper we study utility from terminal wealth maximization with general bid and ask prices studying first one asset case and generalizing then results to the multi asset case. We show that under certain assumptions (continuous conditional distribution of the assets) and strict concavity of the utility function the problem can be reduced to study a static problem and then by an induction to consider multi period case. We obtain formulae for buying, selling and no transaction zones both in one and two asset cases. We also show the existence and the form of shadow prices.
Taeniectomy Versus Transverse Coloplasty as Neorectum After Low Rectal Resection
Authors: Farag Ahmed , Mashhour Abdrabou N. , Elbarmelgi Mohamed Yehia
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Restorative surgery for rectal cancer is usually criticized by its functional outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy “taeniectomy” pouch in comparison with transverse coloplasty pouch.

Study design

This was a prospective controlled study. Most patients who were candidate for low rectal resection presented to colorectal unit at Cairo university hospitals during the period from February 2013 to August 2016 were divided into two groups. The total number of patients enrolled in the study was 180 patients. Ninety patients were subjected to low rectal resection with the transverse coloplasty pouch, and 90 patients were subjected to low rectal resection with the newly described taeniectomy pouch. Safety and feasibility of both techniques were assessed about leakage, operative time, difficulty in evacuation, incontinence, number of daily motions and postoperative urgency. Both groups were assessed clinically, by means of defecography and anorectal manometry.

Results

There was no significant statistical difference between taeniectomy and transverse coloplasty regarding postoperative leakage (P value = 0.988), postoperative mortality (P value = 0.99) and functional outcomes including number of motions per day (P value was 0.403 at 3 months and 0.361 at 12 months), urgency (P value was 0.688), continence grade (P value was 0.320 and 0.683 in 3 and 12 months, respectively) and manometric findings. However, taeniectomy is statistically significant better in terms of operative time (P value = 0.001).

Conclusions

Taeniectomy is a newly described, technically easier technique for pouch formation after low rectal resection that can be used as a safe and effective alternative for the widely used transverse coloplasty.
Overview of ytterbium based transparent ceramics for diode pumped high energy solid-state lasers
Authors: David Samuel Paul , Jambunathan Venkatesan , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomas
Published: December 2018

Development of high energy laser sources with nanosecond pulses at several hertz values for repetition rate has been very attractive in recent years due to their great potential for practical applications. With the recent advancement in fabricating large size laser quality transparent ceramics, diode pumped solid-state laser generating pulse energy of 100 J at 10 Hz has been recently realized at HiLASE center using Yb:YAG ceramic with Cr:YAG cladding. This review discusses Yb based high energy lasers, specific laser geometries for efficient thermal management and the role of transparent ceramics in such diode pumped high-energy-class solid-state lasers around the world.
Reformulating the common law rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments
Authors: Arzandeh Ardavan
Published: December 2018

This paper revisits the English common law rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsin personam. It seeks to demonstrate that, mainly due to the narrow conception of the foreign courts’ ‘international jurisdictional competence’, the operation of this aspect of the English conflict-of-laws rules gives rise to problematic outcomes. Subsequently, the paper proceeds to identify and evaluate three of the main doctrinal models which have been proposed in response to these shortcomings. It is contended that, despite their virtues, ultimately, none of these models provides the desirable basis for recasting the law. The paper's main contribution is, therefore, to advance an alternative approach for the reformulation of the recognition and enforcement regime at common law. In this regard, it is argued that the foreign courts’ international jurisdictional competence should be defined more broadly as to include the jurisdictional ‘gateways’, presently codified within CPR Practice Direction 6B para 3.1.
Disrupting doctrine? Revisiting the doctrinal impact of relational contract theory
Authors: Tan Zhong Xing
Published: December 2018

While the concept of the ‘relational contract’ has been invoked in the courts with greater visibility and regularity in recent years, the doctrinal import of relational contract theory remains for the most part unclear to contract and commercial lawyers. This paper offers a broad framework for understanding the different ways through which relational theory might have an impact on contract doctrine going forward, and evaluates the promises and perils of doing so.
Neuropeptide Y and religious commitment in healthy young women
Authors: Tønnesen Mathilde T. , Miani Alessandro , Pedersen Anders Sune , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Zak Paul J. , Winterdahl Michael
Published: December 2018

Objective

The present study explores the relationship between neuroactive hormones and religious commitment. We hypothesised that religious commitment is mediated by neuropeptide Y and oxytocin. These neurohormones have a well-established role in general well-being, anxiety regulation, stress-resilience, social affiliation and spirituality.

Methods

Sixty healthy women (median age 21) participated in the study and completed the Religious Commitment Inventory and other psychometric surveys. Blood was sampled from each participant and serum levels of neuropeptide Y were measured using radioimmunoassay. Oxytocin, stress and sex hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations were tested using non-parametric statistical methods.

Results

We found a positive correlation between serum neuropeptide Y levels and religious commitment, but not between oxytocin and religious commitment.

Conclusions

The present study provides preliminary evidence that neuropeptide Y is a biological correlate of religious commitment.
Postglacial alluvial fan dynamics in the Cordillera Oriental, Peru, and palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Ratnayaka Kevin , Hetzel Ralf , Hornung Jens , Hampel Andrea , Hinderer Matthias , Frechen Manfred
Published: December 2018

Alluvial fans record climate-driven erosion and sediment-transport processes and allow reconstructing past environmental conditions. Here we investigate the sedimentation history of two alluvial fans located in formerly glaciated valleys of the Cordillera Oriental, Peru.10Be exposure ages from the fan surfaces and radiocarbon ages from the fan interiors constrain the final stages of fan formation. The10Be and14C ages cluster mainly between 13.3–9.3 ka and 11,500–9700 cal yr BP, respectively. Our age data set indicates that—after deglaciation—large amounts of fan sediment were deposited until ∼10 ka, when sedimentation rates declined rather abruptly. This pattern is supported by10Be erosion rates for the fan catchments, because under the assumption of constant erosion the time needed to erode the material stored in the fans significantly exceeds their age. Correlating our ages with regional climate records indicates that precipitation exerts the primary control on fan sedimentation. Two periods with elevated lake levels and increased precipitation between 18 and 14.5 ka and from 13 to 11.5 ka resulted in rapid deposition of large fan lobes. Subsequently, lower precipitation rates decreased erosion in the catchments and sediment delivery to the fans, which have remained largely inactive since ∼9.5 ka.
Preaching to Seneca: Christ as StoicSapiensinDivinae Institutiones IV
Authors: Hansen Benjamin
Published: December 2018

Lactantius’sDivine Institutesis a conversation with many partners. His affinity for Stoic thought in general, and Seneca in particular, is especially pronounced. Throughout theInstituteswe find a delicate back-and-forth between Lactantius’s claim of a novel philosophy centered on the Christian Gospel and his attraction to—and dependence on—the pagan philosophy he hoped to supplant. This interplay is distinctly relevant to Lactantius’s portrayal of the figure of Jesus inInstitutes IV. In this paper, I argue that Lactantius shapes his story of the nature and work of Jesus in part to give an answer to a primary Stoic question: where is thesapiens? Indeed, the figure of thesapiens, the “Stoic sage,” had presented something of a problem for the Stoa: Stoic cosmology demanded he exist while Stoic history had failed to find him. By Seneca’s time, a resigned acceptance of the absence of such figures of incarnate wisdom was commonplace; the figure of thesapienshad begun to fade away into the realm of theory, separated from imperfect human practice. In redressing this concern, Lactantius portrays his Christ: the true sage andexemplum, wisdom and virtue incarnate. In short, to Seneca’s resignation, Lactantius offers a rebuke and a corrective by a clever re-shaping of both Christian and Stoic expectation.
Relationship between the fatty acid profile of hair and energy availability of lactating primiparous cows
Authors: Möller Ramona , Dannenberger Dirk , Nürnberg Gerd , Strucken Eva-Maria , Brockmann Gudrun A.
Published: December 2018

We hypothesised that a relationship would exist between hair fatty acids, especially C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0, and parameters of energy metabolism such as energy intake, energy mobilisation, and energy requirement for maintenance and milk performance. For this study, 11 primiparous German Holstein cows were available from which hair samples at weeks 6 and 8 of lactation were analysed. The average body weight of these animals was 558 ± 27 kg at calving and milk yield at 100-days in milk was 3,537 ± 529 kg. Feed intake and milk yield were measured daily. Body weight and back fat thickness were measured at calving and in weeks 2, 4, and 8 of lactation. Energy balance and energy utilisation were calculated until week 6 of lactation. Spearman's correlation coefficients were found to be significantly positive for the relationship between the percentage of C12:0 and C14:0 fatty acids in the hair in lactation week 8 and energy intake in weeks 5 and 6 (0.62 < r < 0.65, P < 0.05). If the animals are grouped according to their energy utilisation between weeks 1 and 6 into two groups higher (n = 6) or lower (n = 5) than the median, animals of the high energy utilising group had a higher energy intake. These animals had also higher percentages of the C12:0 fatty acid in their hair fat (week 6: 4.9% vs. 3.1%, P < 0.05; week 8: 4.3% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.05). Our hypothesis is supported, and this study justifies further investigation of the content of medium-chain fatty acids in hair samples as biomarkers for the metabolic status of a cow during early lactation.
Utilization of waterholes by globally threatened species in deciduous dipterocarp forest of the Eastern Plains Landscape of Cambodia
Authors: Pin Chanratana , Ngoprasert Dusit , Gray Thomas N.E. , Savini Tommaso , Crouthers Rachel , Gale George A.
Published: December 2018

Deciduous dipterocarp forests throughout Asia provide crucial habitat for several globally threatened species. During the dry season water availability in these forests is primarily limited to perennial rivers and waterholes. Such water sources form an essential part of these dry forests and are used by multiple species, including large mammals and birds, but little is known regarding how waterhole characteristics affect wildlife use. We investigated waterhole utilization by six globally threatened dry forest specialists: banteng Bos javanicus, Eld's deer Rucervus eldii, giant ibis Thaumatibis gigantea, green peafowl Pavo muticus, lesser adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus and Asian woolly-necked stork Ciconia episcopus. We camera-trapped 54 waterholes in Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Cambodia, during the dry season of December 2015–June 2016. We measured nine waterhole and landscape characteristics, including indicators of human disturbance. Waterhole depth (measured every 2 weeks) and the area of water at the start of the dry season were the main environmental factors influencing waterhole use. Additionally, waterholes further from villages were more frequently used than those nearer. Our study reaffirmed the importance of waterholes in supporting globally threatened species, especially large grazers, which are critical for maintaining these dry forest ecosystems. The results also suggested that artificially enlarging and deepening selected waterholes, particularly those further from human disturbance, could enhance available habitat for a range of species, including grazers. However, this would need to be conducted in coordination with patrolling activities to ensure waterholes are not targets for illegal hunting, which is a problem throughout South-east Asian protected areas.
Long live the worms: methods for maintaining and assessing the viability of intestinal stages of Parascaris spp. in vitro
Authors: Scare J. A. , Steuer A. E. , Shaffer C. L. , Slusarewicz P. , Mousley A. , Nielsen M. K.
Published: December 2018

In vitro maintenance of helminth parasites enables a variety of molecular, pharmaceutical and immunological analyses. Currently, the nutritional and environmental in vitro requirements of the equine ascarid parasite, Parascaris spp., have not been determined. Additionally, an objective method for assessing viability of Parascaris spp. intestinal stages does not exist. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the in vitro requirements of intestinal stages of Parascaris spp., and to develop a viability assessment method. A total of 1045 worms were maintained in a total of 212 cultures. Worms obtained from naturally infected foals at necropsy were immediately placed in culture flasks containing 200 mL of culture media. A variety of media types, nutrient supplementation and environmental conditions were examined. A motility-based scoring system was used to assess worm viability. Worms maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 had significantly better viability than any other media (P < 0.0001) and all media types supplemented with any of the nutrients examined (P < 0.0001). The use of a platform rocker also significantly improved viability (P = 0.0305). This is the first study to examine the requirements for maintaining Parascaris spp. intestinal stages in vitro and to evaluate their viability based on movement using an objective scoring system.
Where are the breaks in translation from theory to clinical practice (and back) in addressing depression? An empirical graph-theoretic approach
Authors: Siegle Greg J. , Cramer Angélique O.J. , van Eck Nees Jan , Spinhoven Philip , Hollon Steven D. , Ormel Johan , Strege Marlene , Bockting Claudi L. H.
Published: December 2018

Background

Research in depression has progressed rapidly over the past four decades. Yet depression rates are not subsiding and treatment success is not improving. We examine the extent to which the gap between science and practice is associated with the level of integration in how depression is considered in research and stakeholder-relevant documents.

Methods

We used a network-science perspective to analyze similar uses of depression relevant terms in the Google News corpus (approximately 1 billion words) and the Web of Science database (120 000 documents).

Results

These analyses yielded consistent pictures of insular modules associated with: (1) patient/providers, (2) academics, and (3) industry. Within academia insular modules associated with psychology, general medical, and psychiatry/neuroscience/biology were also detected.

Conclusions

These analyses suggest that the domain of depression is fragmented, and that advancements of relevance to one stakeholder group (academics, industry, or patients) may not translate to the others. We consider potential causes and associated responses to this fragmentation that could help to unify and advance translation from research on depression to the clinic, largely involving harmonizing employed language, bridging conceptual domains, and increasing communication across stakeholder groups.
Accuracy of diagnostic classification algorithms using cognitive-, electrophysiological-, and neuroanatomical data in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients
Authors: Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Axelsen Martin C. , Bak Nikolaj , Fagerlund Birgitte , Oranje Bob , Raghava Jayachandra M. , Nielsen Mette Ø. , Rostrup Egill , Hansen Lars K. , Glenthøj Birte Y.
Published: December 2018

Background

A wealth of clinical studies have identified objective biomarkers, which separate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls on a group level, but current diagnostic systems solely include clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigate if machine learning algorithms on multimodal data can serve as a framework for clinical translation.

Methods

Forty-six antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients and 58 controls underwent neurocognitive tests, electrophysiology, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients underwent clinical assessments before and after 6 weeks of antipsychotic monotherapy with amisulpride. Nine configurations of different supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to first estimate the unimodal diagnostic accuracy, and next to estimate the multimodal diagnostic accuracy. Finally, we explored the predictability of symptom remission.

Results

Cognitive data significantly classified patients from controls (accuracies = 60–69%;pvalues = 0.0001–0.009). Accuracies of electrophysiology, structural MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging did not exceed chance level. Multimodal analyses with cognition plus any combination of one or more of the remaining three modalities did not outperform cognition alone. None of the modalities predicted symptom remission.

Conclusions

In this multivariate and multimodal study in antipsychotic-naïve patients, only cognition significantly discriminated patients from controls, and no modality appeared to predict short-term symptom remission. Overall, these findings add to the increasing call for cognition to be included in the definition of schizophrenia. To bring about the full potential of machine learning algorithms in first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients, carefula priorivariable selection based on independent data as well as inclusion of other modalities may be required.
LIVING ON THE CAPITOLINE HILL: THEDOMUSOF THE ARACOELI AND ITS SCULPTURAL AND PAINTED DECORATION
Authors: Tucci Pier Luigi
Published: December 2018

This article investigates an aristocraticdomuslocated on the Arx, overlooking the better-knowninsulaof the Aracoeli from the northern summit of the Capitoline hill. Thisdomuswas buried during the construction of the basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli in the thirteenth century and remained sealed until the 1980s. I have reconstructed its layout — at least three levels survive — relying on my architectural survey and on the Vittoriano archives. The original phase dates from the first century BC, but substantial restorations were made during the Flavian age, when thedomuslost itsfauces–atrium–tablinumpattern, and in the early third century AD, when it was expanded vertically by a deep cut into the tuff bank, received a new facade and was redecorated with frescoes. Thedomusof the Aracoeli must have been a residence of high status, and in the Severan age it was supplied by lead pipes bearing imperial stamps. Although the Capitoline was mostly occupied by public buildings, the Arx was a prestigious neighbourhood and not a sort of monumental acropolis. I discuss the development and the architectural design of thedomusof the Aracoeli, including its underground residential spaces as well as its sculptural and painted decoration; finally, I examine the remodellings of the originalatriumhouse from a socio-cultural point of view.
Three criteria for particle acceleration in collisionless shocks
Authors: Bret Antoine , Pe'er Asaf
Published: December 2018

Collisionless shocks have been the subject on many studies in recent years, due to their ability to accelerate particles. In order to do so, a shock must fulfill three criteria. First, it must be strong enough to accelerate particles efficiently. Second, both the upstream and the downstream must be collisionless. Third, the shock front must be surrounded by electromagnetic turbulence capable of scattering particles back and forth. We here consider the encounter of two identical plasma shells with initial density, temperature, and velocity n0, T0, v0, respectively. We translate the three criteria to the corresponding requirements on these parameters. A non-trivial map of the allowed region for particle acceleration emerges in the (n0, T0, v0) phase space, especially at low velocities or high densities. We first assess the case of pair plasma shells, before we turn to electrons/protons.
A Deep History of Chinese Shareholding
Authors: Zelin Madeleine
Published: December 2018

By the turn of the twentieth century the absence of codified law governing private economic transactions was a key target of foreign and Chinese critiques of the imperial legal system. Expectations ran high that China's first legal transplant, the 1904 Company Law, would lead to unprecedented public investment in large-scale industrial projects. Their disappointment, and the continued dominance of small business in the Chinese marketplace, has been attributed to factors ranging from Chinese cultural aversion to impersonal investment to shortcomings in the law itself. This study shifts our attention to the indigenous practices that company law was meant to supplant, examining the diverse sources of Chinese shareholding practices and the rich menu of options they provided investors. Most importantly, it argues that by the late imperial period shares were well-established as abstract income producing assets that could be bought and sold, creating the possibility of partnership relationships that could be both impersonal and long-lived despite the absence in China of a formal company law. That this tradition did not lead to the emergence of an analogue to the corporation in the West raises new questions about the demand for such entities and the role of transplantation in suppressing indigenous solutions to business problems.
SIR JAMES STEUART ON THE ORIGINS OF COMMERCIAL NATIONS
Authors: Menudo José M.
Published: December 2018

This paper examines James Steuart’s explanation of the emergence of commercial nations. Unlike other Scottish thinkers of the time, Steuart argues that artifice is necessary for the rise of commercial societies. He uses the term “artificial” to refer to a devised process, one that is an alternative to the supposedly natural process arising from innate propensities. The system of trade and commerce is an “artifice” created by merchants to obtain benefits, and established by the sovereign for his ostentation and personal prestige, until it became generalized as a commercial nation. Steuart’s explanation of the emergence of commercial nations accounts for how individuals become dependent on and subordinate to the public market. This paper concludes that Steuart’sPolitical Œconomypromotes a science of the artificial that seeks to understand the functioning of non-natural mechanisms and to create instruments that the statesman adapts to the needs and objectives of individuals.
Rice and Death in Southern China and the Shan States: Transforms in Iconic Grammar
Authors: AIJMER GÖRAN
Published: December 2018

This essay in historical anthropology juxtaposes some rice rituals in southern China with their counterparts in the Shan States of Upper Burma. The approach is one of symbological analysis of iconic codes, and it is suggested here that the two sets of rituals, superficially different, may be seen as morphological transforms of a common cultural semantic pattern. This understanding has a bearing on further explorations of the formation of the wider Southeast Asian field.
A STICKY–DISPERSED INFORMATION PHILLIPS CURVE: A MODEL WITH PARTIAL AND DELAYED INFORMATION
Authors: Areosa Marta B. M. , Areosa Waldyr D. , Carrasco Vinicius
Published: December 2018

We study the interaction between dispersed and sticky information by assuming that firms receive private noisy signals about the state in an otherwise standard model of price setting with sticky information. We compute the unique equilibrium of the game induced by the firms’ pricing decisions and derive the resulting Phillips curve. The main effect of dispersion is to magnify the immediate impact of a given shock when the degree of stickiness is small. Its effect on persistence is minor: even when information is largely dispersed, a substantial amount of informational stickiness is needed to generate persistence in aggregate prices and inflation.
Comparing and contrasting responses to tobacco control and obesity policies: a qualitative study
Authors: Juszczyk Dorota , Gillison Fiona
Published: December 2018

Objective

To explore people’s perceptions of, and responses to, obesity and tobacco policies with a particular focus on motivation; and to compare and contrast responses to explore the potential for translating learning across domains.

Design

A theoretically informed comparative qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants (smokers and ex-smokers; those who have previously or are currently attempting to lose weight). Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis and interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination Theory.

Setting

Community-based.

Participants

Interviews were conducted with five smokers and four ex-smokers around tobacco policy, and seventeen people acting to control their weight around obesity policy.

Results

Three primary themes were identified. (i) Participants believed social norms to be crucial to supporting health behaviour change and responses to policy; not smoking was perceived as socially normal, whereas being physically active and eating healthily were perceived to go against social norms. (ii) Policies influencing the physical environment were perceived to support stopping smoking (e.g. smoke-free laws, advertising bans), but to undermine attempts to lose or control weight (e.g. high visibility, availability and low cost of energy-dense foods). (iii) While policies for both domains were considered necessary and legitimate, both groups found policy interventions neither motivating nor undermining of their sense of autonomy.

Conclusions

The results suggest those trying to lose weight respond similarly to obesity-related policy as smokers do to tobacco policy. Environmental interventions are perceived to be more helpful than appealing to people’s motivation to change for their own sake.
The value of pre-application clinical department visits in radiotherapy: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Bridge Pete , Callender Jenny , Edgerley Jo , Gordon Cath
Published: December 2018

Background

The mandatory clinical radiotherapy department visit undertaken by potential applicants aims to provide understanding of the profession and therefore reduce attrition. Increasing pressure on clinical departments makes visits a logistical challenge. This additional step may also present as an unnecessary barrier to applicants. With no evidence relating to visits, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of both students and clinical educators concerning potential benefits and challenges.

Method

A focus group interview method was used to gather in-depth qualitative data concerning the clinical department visit experiences from first-year undergraduate students and clinical educators.

Results

Three themes emerged from the student focus groups: the perceived purpose of the clinical visit, the visit content and the outcomes and impact arising from the visit. Clinical educator data also followed these themes in addition to ‘logistical impact’ theme.

Conclusion

The clinical visit has value to applicants in affirming their decision to study radiotherapy. There is variation in expectation and content for these visits and they are logistically challenging. Nationally agreed guidelines for visit structure and content could improve visit efficiency and effectiveness. A national clinical visit form may reduce workload for educators and applicants.
Design of reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband antenna with switchable band-notched functions
Authors: Yang Hailong , Xi Xiaoli , Wang Lili , Zhao Yuchen , Shi Xiaomin , Yuan Yanning
Published: December 2018

A compact reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with switchable band-notched functions is proposed. The basic structure of the proposed design is a filtering slot antenna with good band-edge selectivity using stepped impedance resonator feeding line. The reconfigurability is achieved by using two microstrip lines paralleling to the feeding line and two PIN diodes. The reconfigurable structure and bias circuit of the antenna are relatively simple and are not connected to the radiation structure, so they have little negative influence on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Total four states could be achieved by using two PIN diodes to short the microstrip lines and ground. To verify the performance of the final design, multiple measured and simulated results in frequency and time domain are studied and analyzed. The measured results agreed very well with simulation. Compared with the traditional UWB antenna, the proposed antenna has advantages in size, filtering function in-band and out-of-band, and tunable states for multiple UWB applications.
Wideband tightly-coupled compact array of dipole antennas arranged in triangular lattice
Authors: Awasthi Abhishek Kumar , Harish A. R.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a compact wideband tightly-coupled dipole antenna array has been developed. Dipole elements are placed in the triangular lattice to reduce the side lobe level in the radiation pattern of one of the planes. To obtain the initial dimensions, 1-D infinite array analysis of the proposed array is carried out. The infinite array is designed to operate in 5–14.3 GHz (96.3% impedance bandwidth) frequency band. The antenna array can be used in C and X band applications. Inter-element coupling is utilized to achieve ultra-wideband performance in the proposed array. A 2 × 8 elements finite array is designed with the feed network. An ultra-wideband parallel strip to microstrip transition is used to feed the array elements. A metallic shielding for the feed network helps in reducing the back lobes. The overall size of the array with the reflector and the feed network is 148 mm × 224 mm × 54.5 mm. To validate the proposed concept, the antenna array is fabricated and tested. Impedance bandwidth of 2.8:1 along with broadside radiation pattern throughout the band of interest is observed.
How to Detect Water in the Mantle Wedge of a Subduction Zone Using Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Kaminski E. , Okaya D. A.
Published: December 2018

In approximately one fourth of worldwide subduction zones, seismic observations indicate a rotation from trench‐normal to trench‐parallel fast axis orientations in the mantle wedge. To interpret this observation we predict the evolution of crystal lattice preferred orientation in mantle wedge material as a function of the amount of water by using a model of polycrystal deformation (D‐Rex) coupled with an analytical corner flow. The resulting seismic signature is obtained from synthetic seismic wave propagation through this mantle wedge. We identify that progressive hydration produces the rotation of fast axis orientations and can generate between the two zones of trench‐parallel and trench‐normal fast axis orientations a morph zone with very small anisotropy and a related decrease in P and S wave velocities. Such a morph zone is not produced by trench‐parallel flow, hence this signature can be used to detect water in the mantle wedge.
Extreme Variability in Irminger Sea Winter Heat Loss Revealed by Ocean Observatories Initiative Mooring and the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Josey S. A. , de Jong M. F. , Oltmanns M. , Moore G. K. , Weller R. A.
Published: December 2018

Ground‐breaking measurements from the ocean observatories initiative Irminger Sea surface mooring (60°N, 39°30′W) are presented that provide the first in situ characterization of multiwinter surface heat exchange at a high latitude North Atlantic site. They reveal strong variability (December 2014 net heat loss nearly 50% greater than December 2015) due primarily to variations in frequency of intense short timescale (1–3 days) forcing. Combining the observations with the new high resolution European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis, the main source of multiwinter variability is shown to be changes in the frequency of Greenland tip jets (present on 15 days in December 2014 and 3 days in December 2015) that can result in hourly mean heat loss exceeding 800 W/m2. Furthermore, a new picture for atmospheric mode influence on Irminger Sea heat loss is developed whereby strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation conditions favor increased losses only when not outweighed by the East Atlantic Pattern.
Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes
Authors: Jeewon Rajesh , Yeung Quin S. Y. , Wannasinghe Dhanushka N. , Rampadarath Sillma , Puchooa Daneshwar , Wang Hong-Kai , Hyde Kevin D.
Published: December 2018

Previous studies for enumerating fungal communities on pine needles relied entirely on phenotypic diversity (microscopy) or identification based on DNA sequence data from those taxa recovered via cultural studies. To bypass limitations of the culturing methods and provide a more realistic diversity estimate, we employed and assessed a PCR-DGGE based method coupled with rDNA phylogenetic sequence analyses to characterize fungal taxa associated with pine needles. Fresh (living) and decayed needles from three hosts of the Pinaceae (Keteleeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii and P. massoniana) were examined. Morphological studies reveal that the most abundant species associated with decayed needles were Cladosporium cladosporioides and an unidentified Trichoderma species followed by Gliocephalotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Lophodermium pinastri, Paecilomyces varioti, Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus and a Phoma sp, which are commonly occurring fungi. Community genomic data from freshly collected and decayed pine needles recovered 40 operational taxonomic units, which appear to be mostly undetected members of the natural fungal consortium. Sequence analyses revealed a number of phylotypes or “species” that were not recovered using traditional morphological and cultural approaches previously used. Phylogenetic data from partial 18S rDNA sequence data reveal that most phylotypes represent potential novel phylogenetic fungal lineages with affinities to the Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes and Sordariomycetes and were not identical to previously known endophytes or saprobes. Although the major ecological roles of these phylotypes in pine needles are still enigmatic, this study provides new insights in hidden fungal diversity that mycologists are possibly ignoring given the discrepancies associated with available methods. To what extent do previously recovered identified species (either as saprobes or endophytes) from morphological or culturing studies act as pioneer decomposers or constitute an integral part of endophytic community warrants further investigation.
Extensive and deep sequencing of the Venter/HuRef genome for developing and benchmarking genome analysis tools
Authors: Zhou Bo , Arthur Joseph G. , Ho Steve S. , Pattni Reenal , Huang Yiling , Wong Wing H. , Urban Alexander E.
Published: December 2018

We produced an extensive collection of deep re-sequencing datasets for the Venter/HuRef genome using the Illumina massively-parallel DNA sequencing platform. The original Venter genome sequence is a very-high quality phased assembly based on Sanger sequencing. Therefore, researchers developing novel computational tools for the analysis of human genome sequence variation for the dominant Illumina sequencing technology can test and hone their algorithms by making variant calls from these Venter/HuRef datasets and then immediately confirm the detected variants in the Sanger assembly, freeing them of the need for further experimental validation. This process also applies to implementing and benchmarking existing genome analysis pipelines. We prepared and sequenced 200 bp and 350 bp short-insert whole-genome sequencing libraries (sequenced to 100x and 40x genomic coverages respectively) as well as 2 kb, 5 kb, and 12 kb mate-pair libraries (49x, 122x, and 145x physical coverages respectively). Lastly, we produced a linked-read library (128x physical coverage) from which we also performed haplotype phasing.
Purmedermycins A and B, two novel medermycin derivatives from Streptomyces sp. SS17A
Authors: Zhou Biao , Jiang Yong-Jun , Li Jia-Qi , Zhang Hao-Jian , Ding Wan-Jing , Ma Zhong-Jun
Published: December 2018

Purmedermycin A (1) and purmedermycin B (2), which were isolated from Streptomyces sp. SS17A, feature a rearranged and reconstructed C/D/E ring formed by the fusion of a tryptophan unit and medermycin or menoxymycin B, respectively, making them the first of a new type of medermycin.
Organocatalytic atropo- and E/Z-selective Michael addition reaction of ynones with α-amido sulfones as sulfone-type nucleophile
Authors: Zhang Nan , He Tingting , Liu Yidong , Li Shan , Tan Yu , Peng Lei , Li Dongmei , Shan Chunhui , Yan Hailong
Published: December 2018

We describe herein the first enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition reaction of α-amido sulfones to ynones to access axially chiral styrenes.
Improving nutrient removal performance of surface flow constructed wetlands in winter using hardy submerged plant-benthic fauna systems
Authors: Guo Ying , Xie Huijun , Zhang Jian , Wang Wengang , Ngo Huu Hao , Guo Wenshan , Kang Yan , Zhang Bowei
Published: December 2018

A novel hardy submerged plant-benthic fauna systems to enhance the performance of surface flow constructed wetlands in winter.
Temperature dependence of denitrification microbial communities and functional genes in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating nitrate-rich wastewater
Authors: Liao Runhua , Miao Yu , Li Jun , Li Yan , Wang Zhu , Du Jie , Li Yueming , Li Aimin , Shen Huijuan
Published: December 2018

Incomplete denitrification at low temperature and complete thermophilic denitrification of nitrate-rich wastewater was found and analyzed by metagenomic methods.
Mesoscopic simulations of temperature-dependent anchoring and wetting behavior at aqueous–liquid crystal interfaces in the presence of a rod–coil amphiphilic monolayer
Authors: Zhang Zunmin , Guo Hongxia , Nies Erik
Published: December 2018

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations have been applied to study the temperature dependent anchoring and wetting behavior of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) in the presence of a rod–coil amphiphilic monolayer at the aqueous–LC interface.
Phenalenyl based neutral radical as a novel electrochromic material modulating visible to short-wave infrared light
Authors: Stekovic Dejan , Itkis Mikhail E.
Published: December 2018

A phenalenyl based small molecule can modulate from a transmissive to black state in the visible to short-wave infrared range.