bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KANT DÜŞÜNCESİNDE IRKÇILIK
Authors: Varol Sibel Fügan
Published: October 2024

ÖZ
Modern Batı felsefe tarihinin en etkili düşünürlerinden biri kabul edilen Immanuel Kant'ın ırk teorisine yönelik eleştiriler son birkaç on yıldır Kant tartışmalarının bir parçası olmuştur. Eleştiriler, düşünürün ırk teorisinin insanları farklı biyolojik gruplara ayırmaya çalışan bir tür sınıflandırmanın ötesine geçerek doğuştan gelen biyolojik özellikleri karakter, yetenek, kişilik ve ahlaki değerlerle ilişkilendiren ırkçı düşünceler içermesine yöneliktir. Koyu ten renginin zihinsel kapasitedeki geriliğin göstergesi olması, beyaz ırk dışındaki ırkların varlığını anlamlı kılacak tek şeyin beyazlara hizmet etmek olduğu ve beyazlar dışındaki bütün ırkların yeryüzünden silinip gideceği gibi ifadeler filozofun eleştiriye konu düşünceleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu düşünceler yalnızca günümüzde değil, Kant'ın yaşadığı yüzyılda bile bir filozof için aşırı sayılabilecek niteliktedir. Diğer taraftan, Kant'ın sömürgeciliğe karşı duruşu, evrensel eşitliği savunması ve kölelik aleyhindeki söylemleri kendi dönemi için bile ilerici sayılabilecek düşüncelerdir. Bu çelişki, filozofun ırkçı ifadeleriyle evrensel eşitlikçilik savunusu arasındaki bilişsel uyumsuzluk olup olmadığı tartışmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Düşünürün ırk teorisi temelinde gelişen bu tartışmalar Türkçe kaynaklara henüz yeterince yansımamış durumdadır. Bu çalışma da bu eksikliğin giderilmesine katkıda bulunmayı ve düşünürle ilgili değerlendirmelerde ırk teorisinin de önemli bir değişken olarak dikkate alınmasını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
A Corpus-Based Study of Adverbial Hedges in Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials
Authors: Iqbal Rai Hassan , Sabiri Muhammad Shaharyar
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to explore adverbial hedges as stance markers in Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials. For this purpose, the data was collected from four different newspapers. After this data was tagged with the help of TagAnt Tagger. AntConc (3.5.9 window) software was used for the manipulation of the data. The corpus was designed from different Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials which were selected randomly from online sources from 2016 to 2021. The purpose of this study was to inspect hedges in Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials. List of adverbial hedges proposed after categorizing of hedging types. The results depicted frequencies of adverbial hedges from the newspapers of each of the years. The literature review of this research study explained the importance of adverbial hedges in previous research. Moreover, the results were presented in the form of tables and charts for an in-depth understanding of adverbial hedges in Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials. This study found that hedges in the Pakistan English Newspaper Editorials made changes according to the style, frequency, and location of the content to make it more comprehensible and didactic. Adverbial hedges were frequently used in Pakistani English newspaper editorials. The events were typically viewed to connect with the text to generate cohesion and coherence in Pakistani English Newspaper Editorials, based on their criteria of choice for adverbial hedges. Furthermore, the research questions were answered but this study also objects to future research. The objectives of this study were also claimed to be interpreted.
Notion of Beauty in the Selected Pakistani Advertisements: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Nabeeha Qayyum  , Muhammad Jawad Ali
Published: October 2024

Beauty advertisement is one of the most potent and successful tools for significantly influencing consumer purchasing behavior as it modifies individuals’ views of beauty, social conventions, and gender roles. From a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis standpoint, this study looks at the beauty advertisements in a few chosen social media (Instagram) posts. The study’s goal is to concentrate on how the idea of beauty is used in these Pakistani advertisements to control and influence consumers through both language as well as images. For this particular reason, four ads from different Instagram pages have been chosen via purposive sampling and they have undergone both linguistic and visual analysis. Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model (1995) serves as the foundation for the linguistic examination while Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design (2006) is applied for the visual analysis of these ads. The nature of this study is qualitative. The findings reveal that advertisers have employed a variety of discursive techniques like surreal representation, scientific evidence, celebrity endorsement, & self-representation etc., and linguistic devices, such as pronouns, catchy phrases, adjectives, repetitions, etc. in addition to visual tactics, e.g., modality, gaze, social distance, salience, and camera angles etc. to influence women by portraying an idealized version of beauty in the chosen advertisements. Additionally, it shows how advertisers—who are essentially powerful people with vested interests—marginalize and restrict the status of women in society to propagate the ideology of beauty just for boosting the sales of their products. Thus, the companies and creators of these commercials employ images and language as a means of controlling Pakistan’s female consumer base by luring them to get on their items. It is anticipated that this study will increase awareness of the usefulness of multimodal critical discourse analysis and open the door for future researchers to investigate the language and pictures used in advertisements for a variety of other products.
Racism and Colonialism in Foster’s A Passage to India: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Ali Muhammad Jawad
Published: October 2024

The major concern of this research work is to analyze the concepts related to racism and the aftermaths of British colonial rule in India taking into consideration a very distinctive and remarkable work, A Passage to India (1924) by E.M. Forster in which these contemporary issues are discussed. Racism along with the colonialism has been a very integral part of the past and our society which this current study aims to explore. The qualitative method has been employed in this research and for this reason the present research paper is split into two major sections: The first portion investigates the meaning of racism along with colonialism and how people were treated discriminately during the colonial rule of mid of 19th century. The second section explores the concept of racism and colonialism according to E.M. Forster and the societal conditions in which he produced his work. The finding of present study shows that racism and colonialism creates the hatred between the oppressed and the oppressor, people belonging to the oppressors’ league enjoy more opportunities as compared to the oppressed ones and develops various limitations which lead to the creation of discrimination among the people belonging to different races.
Comparative Analysis of Educational Policies of China and Pakistan:A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Butt Khawaja Muhammad Ali , Khan Dr.Muhammad Fahim , Khan Muhammad Anique
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a systematic literature review that offers a comparative analysis of the educational policies of China and Pakistan. The review delves into the historical context, policy formulation, implementation strategies, and outcomes of educational reforms in both countries. To ensure a comprehensive and current analysis, studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included. Data were meticulously extracted from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and policy documents. The selected studies were thoroughly analyzed to identify key themes and patterns, employing a comparative framework to synthesize the data focusing on policy formulation, implementation, and outcomes. This detailed comparative analysis highlights significant differences and similarities between the two nations' educational systems, providing valuable insights into how each country addresses its unique educational challenges and opportunities. By examining these aspects, the review offers a comprehensive understanding of the educational landscapes of China and Pakistan, shedding light on the successes and shortcomings of their respective educational policies. The findings suggest that both countries can learn valuable lessons from each other's experiences, thereby enhancing their educational frameworks. This study contributes to the broader discourse on global educational development, emphasizing the importance of tailored policy responses to meet diverse educational needs.
Prevalence of Cannabis Use Among US Workers in 15 States, 2016–2020
Authors: Evoy Richard , Victoroff Tristan
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To examine the prevalence of cannabis use among US workers using data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during 2016 to 2020.

Methods. We analyzed past 30-day cannabis use among US workers. We calculated weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of cannabis use for working adults by industry groups, occupation groups, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., sex, education, age, race/ethnicity).

Results. During the 5-year survey period, the weighted prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use among adult US workers from the 15 states included in the BRFSS was 10.7%. The industry group with the highest weighted prevalence of use was accommodation and food services (20.7%), and the highest-ranking occupation group was food preparation and service (21.9%). The industry group with the highest APR was accommodation and food services (APR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 1.55), and the occupation group with the highest APR was arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (APR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.52, 2.41).

Conclusions. Cannabis use among US workers varied widely by sex, age, race, education, industry groups, and occupation groups. A more accurate understanding of this variation can help guide research, focus policy discussions, and prioritize health messaging. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S645–S653. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307788 )
Incomplete human reference genomes can drive false sex biases and expose patient-identifying information in metagenomic data
Authors: Knight Rob , Guccione Caitlin , Patel Lucas , Tomofuji Yoshihiko , McDonald Daniel , Gonzalez Antonio , Sepich-Poore Gregory , Sonehara Kyuto , Zakeri Mohsen , Chen Yang , Dilmore Amanda , Damle Neil , Baranzini Sergio , Nakatsuji Teruaki , Gallo Richard , Langmead Ben , Okada Yukinori , Curtius Kit
Published: October 2024

As next-generation sequencing technologies produce deeper genome coverages at lower costs, there is a critical need for reliable computational host DNA removal in metagenomic data. We find that insufficient host filtration using prior human genome references can introduce false sex biases and inadvertently permit flow-through of host-specific DNA during bioinformatic analyses, which could be exploited for individual identification. To address these issues, we introduce and benchmark three host filtration methods of varying throughput, with concomitant applications across low biomass samples such as skin and high microbial biomass datasets including fecal samples. We find that these methods are important for obtaining accurate results in low biomass samples (e.g., tissue, skin). Overall, we demonstrate that rigorous host filtration is a key component of privacy-minded analyses of patient microbiomes and provide computationally efficient pipelines for accomplishing this task on large-scale datasets.
Exosomes Derived from liver failure patients' plasma stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells alleviate acute liver failure
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Ling Jun , You Shaoli , Zhu Bing
Published: October 2024

Background: Exosomes derived from pre-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells have been found have a different therapeutic effect in disease, and bio-artificial liver therapy has been shown to play an effective role in liver failure; Here, we proposed to investigate the therapeutic potential of liver failure patients’ plasma stimulated MSCs-derived exosomes (LF-Exos).
Methods: We extracted untreated exosomes(NC-Exos) and LF-Exos, identified them using NTA, TEM and Western blotting, followed by miRNA sequencing. CCK-8, flow cytometry, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were used to detect the protective effects of LF-Exos on D-GalN/LPS induced acute injured hepatocytes and the ALF mouse model.
Results: Our study shows that after stimulated with liver failure patients’ plasma, the morphology of MSCs was significantly changed, and proliferation activity was weakened. A total of 31 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened using a gene chip, and further analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs might affect the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In addition, LF-Exos could induce AKT phosphorylation and reduce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes or liver tissue, inhibit D-GalN/LPS induced apoptosis in hepatocytes, and reduce pathological liver injury of ALF mouse.
Conclusion: The biological effects of LF-Exos will be altered after stimulated with liver failure patients’ plasma (LF plasma), and LF-Exos may inhibit the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to exert a better protective effect on acute injured hepatocytes and ALF mouse models than NC-Exos.
Evidence-based Cancer Care: Assessing Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Recommendations and Guideline Adherence in a Non- Academic Medical Center
Authors: Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Lanzenberger Leopold , Puehringer Raphael , Klaiber Ulla , Hauser Irene , Strobel Oliver , Prager Gerald , Bodingbauer Martin
Published: October 2024

Purpose Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) are associated with improved outcomes. Yet, most patients in Western countries receive cancer care at non-academic medical centers. Guideline adherence of MTB recommendations in non-academic medical centers as well as factors contributing to non-adherence have so far not been systematically investigated.Methods All cases discussed at the MTB of the Landesklinikum Baden-Moedling, Austria were eligible for inclusion. Guideline non-adherence was assessed by two reviewers independently using the AWMF S3 guidelines. Factors associated with guideline non-adherence were investigated.Results In total, 579 patients were included in the final analysis: 486 were female (83.9%) and 93 were male (16.1%), with a median age of 70 years (IQR 60–80). Most had breast cancer (n = 451; 77.9%), while 128 had colorectal cancer (22.1%). Complete adherence to guidelines was observed in 453 patients (78.2%), major deviations in 60 (10.4%), and minor deviations in 66 (11.4%) patients. Non-adherence was primarily due to patient preferences (n = 24; 40.0%), lack of surgical treatment recommendation (n = 24; 40.0%), and comorbidities (n = 9; 15.0%). After adjusting for relevant variables, predictors of non-adherence included older age at diagnosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04), colorectal cancer (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.99–7.42), higher ECOG status (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18–2.16), and a more recent MTB conference (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.41).Conclusion Overall, guideline adherence was high for colorectal and breast cancer and comparable to results from academic medical centers. This study provides support for high-quality cancer treatment in the setting of a non-academic medical center. However, results need to be confirmed in other tumor entities.
Insecticide resistant Anopheles from Ethiopia but not Burkina Faso show a microbiome composition shift upon insecticide exposure.
Authors: Worku Netsanet , Sanou Antoine , Hartke Juiane , Morris Marion , Cissé Fatoumata , Ouédraogo Salimata , Tapsoba Madou , Vallon Nicola , Akilu Tewodros Debebe , Worku Ligabaw , Guelbeogo Moussa Wamdaogo , Ingham Victoria A
Published: October 2024

Malaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under five. Insecticide based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquito are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance is now ubiquitous across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome resistance. Here, we show that the microbiome composition of insecticide resistant populations of An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis originating in Burkina Faso from field caught populations and colonies across two countries show no changes in microbial composition compared to their susceptible counterparts. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiome composition in those dying and surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes to respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels. Taken together, these results indicate that in addition to changes to the transcriptome, the microbiome can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.
New Method for Cytological Evaluation Using Direct Nipple Discharge without Aspiration
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Cong Han , Zhang Xiaotong , Dong Xiaoya , Zhao Song , Hu Chaolu , MAIMO JUDE RANCHU , Wang Yawen , Zhang Kai , Wang Jianli , Li Pengyu , Ma Rong
Published: October 2024

Conventional smear cytology (CSC) is a specific method used for breast tumor diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. However, CSC tends to miss diagnose or even misdiagnose due to contaminating blood cells and other impurities. Thus, it is critical to develop more accurate and sensitive methods for clinical evaluation. Using nipple discharge collected directly from patients without aspiration, we performed liquid-based cytology (LBC) to analyze 111 collected samples for cytological evaluation for the first time. Following centrifugation to remove blood cells and protein contaminants, the sample of each nipple discharge was analyzed by light microscopy. In parallel, CSC was performed for comparison. Our results showed LBC has better diagnostic sensitivity than CSC (40.00% vs 22.22%, χ2 = 6.636, P = 0.01). The specificity was improved (LBC 100% vs CSC 95.2%) and area under the curve was also enhanced (AUCLBC=0.700 vs AUCcsc=0.587). Moreover, LBC images have a cleaner background, clearer field of view, uniform cell arrangement, and improved colour contrast, with an overall image quality significantly better than CSC. Therefore, LBC provides a new and better diagnostic method for early detection of breast tumors with nipple discharge.
Advanced prostate cancer management by urologist: a real-life national survey in Brazil
Authors: Heldwein Flavio Lobo , Melao Barbara Vieira Lima Aguiar , Busato Wilson Francisco Schreiner , Almeida Gilberto Laurino , Meduna Rafael Ribeiro , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To address key challenges of treating advance prostate cancer (APC) faced by urologists, a nationwide survey was conducted. Although androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPis) and other systemic agents have become standard treatments of APC, it is unclear how urologists have integrated these into their practice.
Methods: A cross-sectional, closed 27-item was developed to investigate the impact of regional aspects, additional training and regulatory barriers on management of advanced prostate cancer. The target respondents were urologists who are members of the Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU). Our study evaluated various aspects of these new therapeutic strategies in a country with limited healthcare resources.
Results: Of 557 respondents, 465 completed the survey. Most 287 (58%) worked in both private and public systems and 19% were urooncologists and 7% were female. ARPIs prescription analysis showed that 10% prescribe in the more resource-limited regions (center-north vs 24% in south/southeast). Urooncologists were significantly more inclined to prescribe ARPIs, and ADT for radiotherapy compared to general urologists (43%vs17%, 38%vs18%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). While 76% of urologists reported treating metastatic patients, less than 35% prescribed ADT. Conversely, 9 (1.6%) reported prescribing ARPIs without medical or regulatory concerns. Sampling limitations of online surveys are possible.
Conclusion: Despite increasing evidence favoring use of ARPIs, this study provides insights into barriers on the management of advanced prostate cancer. Wider dissemination of updated education in new hormonal therapies may help to bridge this gap.
CD103–CD8+ T cells promote neurotoxic inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease via granzyme K–PAR-1 signaling
Authors: Constantin Gabriela , Terrabuio Eleonora , Pietronigro Enrica , Bani Alessandro , Bianca Vittorina Della , Laudanna Carlo , Rossi Barbara , Finotti Giulia , Santos-Lima Bruno , Zenaro Elena , Turano Ermanna , Tosadori Gabriele , Calgaro Matteo , Castellucci Monica , Angelini Gabriele , Bonetti Bruno , Vitulo Nicola
Published: October 2024

Immune mechanisms contribute to the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the role of adaptive immune cells is unclear. Here we show that the brain CD8+ T cell compartment is dysregulated in AD patients and in a mouse model with the hallmarks of AD, accumulating activated CD103– tissue-resident memory T cells that produce large amounts of granzyme K (GrK). These CD103–CD8+ T cells originate from the circulation and migrate into the brain using LFA-1 integrin. Ablation of brain CD103–CD8+ T cells in AD mice ameliorated cognitive decline and reduced neuropathology. GrK induced neuronal dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation in human and mouse cells via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), which is expressed at higher levels in the AD brain, revealing a novel immune-mediated neurotoxic axis. We conclude that communication between CD8+ T cells and the nervous system is altered in AD, paving the way for therapies targeting T cell-dependent neurotoxic inflammation.
Distinguishing Between Acute and Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder in Adolescent Patients
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Auh Q-Schick , Jeon Seonggwang , Kim Tae-Seok
Published: October 2024

This study compared the clinical and imaging characteristics of chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to those of acute TMD in adolescent patients to identify factors contributing to symptom chronicity in adolescent patients with TMD. The 158 participants were divided into the acute (symptom duration < 6 months) and chronic (symptom duration ≥ 6 months) TMD groups. Clinical reports, panoramic radiographs, and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the temporomandibular joint were retrospectively reviewed and compared between groups. The results showed that the overall women-to-men ratio among adolescent patients with TMD was 1.87:1 and did not differ significantly between the groups. Moreover, compared with the acute group, the chronic group showed a significantly longer treatment duration; significantly smaller anterior and posterior joint spaces; significantly greater nasomaxillary (Na-Mx) midline discrepancy; significantly more prevalent anterior disc displacement (ADD); and higher rates of bruxism, poor posture, sleep problems, headache, and irregular diet. Treatment duration ≥ 1 year was most strongly associated with chronic TMD, followed by anterior joint space narrowing, ADD on MRI, Na-Mx discrepancy, and bruxism. Therefore, as symptom chronicity progresses, treatment duration tends to increase, and patients are more likely to experience structural changes. Clinicians should consider these findings in diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with TMD.
Understanding the Impact of Spatial Immunophenotypes on the Survival of Endometrial Cancer Patients through the ProMisE Classification
Authors: Hattori Satomi , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Liu Wenting , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Kubokawa Mei , Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshihara Masato , Tamauchi Satoshi , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yokoi Akira , Shimizu Yusuke , Niimi Kaoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: October 2024

Objectives
We focused on how the immunophenotypes based on the distribution of CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) relate to the endometrial cancer (EC) molecular subtypes and patients’ prognosis.
Patients and Methods:
Two cohorts of EC patients (total n = 145) were analyzed and categorized using the Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial cancer (ProMisE): POLEmut (POLE mutation), MMRd (mismatch repair deficiency), NSMP (no specific molecular profile), and p53abn (p53 abnormality). CD8-positive TILs, within the central tumor and the invasive margin, were examined by using immunohistochemical staining and advanced image-analysis software. It was investigated whether these immunophenotypes correlate with the patients' survival and molecular subtypes. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore tumor-derived factors influencing these immunophenotypes.
Results
Three distinct immunophenotypes (inflamed, excluded, and desert) based on the CD8-positive TIL patterns were identified in EC patients. The prognosis was markedly poorer in the patients with the non-inflamed (desert or excluded) phenotype than in those with the inflamed phenotype. Notably, the majority of POLEmut subtypes showed the inflamed phenotype and all p53abn subtypes showed the non-inflamed phenotype, while three immunophenotypes were observed in MMRd and NSMP subtypes, although there was a significant distribution bias. The RNA-seq data showed that the expression of MYC target genes and type-1 interferon response genes was enriched in the non-inflamed phenotype in MMRd and NSMP subtypes respectively.
Conclusion
Evaluating not only the molecular classification but also the immunophenotype may lead to more personalized immunotherapy in EC and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie the formation of the three immunophenotypes could lead to the discovery of new immunotherapy targets.
Daily Variation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Individuals with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Biggs Quinn M. , Ursano Robert J. , Wang Jing , Amin Rohul , Hooke Joseph A. , Dhanraj Natasha , Fullerton Carol S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has four symptom clusters: intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions/mood, and hyperarousal. Little is known about day-to-day variation in the four PTSD symptom clusters. This study examined the day of the week and weekday versus weekend variation in PTSD symptom clusters in individuals with and without PTSD.
Methods: Using an ecological momentary assessment methodology, participants (N = 159; 80 with PTSD, 79 without PTSD) completed self-report assessments of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) four times daily for 15 days. Linear mixed models were used to examine the associations between the seven days of the week and weekday versus weekend variation in PTSD symptom clusters and PTSD.
Results: All four symptom clusters varied across the seven days of the week among participants with PTSD (intrusion: p = .038, avoidance: p < .001, negative cognitions/mood: p = .007, hyperarousal: p < .001), but not among those without PTSD. Among those with PTSD, thefour symptom clusters were higher on weekdays than weekends (intrusion: p = .008, avoidance: p = .002, negative cognitions/mood: p < .001, and hyperarousal: p < .001). However, among those without PTSD, weekdays were higher than weekends only for the intrusion (p = .042) and hyperarousal (p = .017) clusters. Differences in when symptom clusters peaked were also noted.
Conclusions: Among individuals with PTSD, the four symptom clusters vary by the day of the week with more symptoms on weekdays compared to weekends. Identification of the factors associated with day-to-day variation in PTSD symptom clusters may be important for understanding the neurobiology of PTSD and for diagnosis, assessment, interventions, and treatments of those with PTSD.
Trial registration: Clinical trial number: not applicable.
Psychosocial and Situational Risk Factors of Suicidality among Young Adults amid and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Cross-Sectional Network Analysis
Authors: Fong Ted C.T. , Yip Paul S.F.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought situational impacts and mental distress among young people. No studies have investigated and compared the risk factors of suicidality among young adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the risk factors of suicidality in this population via a network approach amid and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Repeated, cross-sectional telephone surveys recruited three samples of young adults in Hong Kongvia random sampling in autumns of 2021 (N=1472), 2022 (N=1238), and 2023 (N=1226). The respondents completed measures on situational impact, meaning in life, societal pessimism, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), social withdrawal, and suicidality. Mixed graphical modeling was conducted to identify the bridge linkages between suicidality and risk factors across the three waves.
Results: The 2023 wave showed a substantial decline in COVD-19 distress but higher rates of suicidality than the 2021 and 2022 waves. The network models showed good stability. Financial impact, PHQ-4, and social withdrawal showed positive linkages with suicidality in the network. PHQ-4 consistently showed the greatest bridge strength across the three waves. Network comparison found no significant differences in the network structure and global strength across gender, age groups, and waves. Societal pessimism showed significantly greater bridge strength in the network model from 2021 to 2023.
Conclusion: The results elucidated the network structure of risk factors of suicidality in population-based samples of young adults after the pandemic, highlighting meaning in life and societal pessimism as potential targets of interventions.
Prognosis and distant metastasis patterns of early-onset gastric cancer compared to late-onset: A large-scale, cross-population retrospective study
Authors: wang Yukai , Yin Kailai , Liu Dujiang , Jin Xuanhong , Pan Yang , Ma Yubo , Zheng Yingsong , liu Kang , Jiang Zhengchen , Xia Ruihong , Wei Yizhou , Cheng Xiangdong , Pang Chuhong , Yuan Li
Published: October 2024

Background
Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC, ≤ 45 years) exhibits distinct clinicopathological characteristics, and its incidence is rising. This study aims to offer insights into treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients across different age groups by retrospectively analyzing the clinicopathological features, distant metastasis patterns, and prognostic factors of EOGC patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 33,675 gastric cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, including 3,208 EOGC patients and 30,467 late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC) patients. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to evaluate the nonlinear relationship between age and mortality risk. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline differences between groups. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, subgroup analysis, and Cox regression analysis.
Result
Despite EOGC patients presenting with unfavorable clinicopathological features, survival analysis revealed that EOGC patients had better overall survival than LOGC patients both before and after PSM. Subgroup analysis further indicated that EOGC patients exhibited a significant survival advantage with smaller tumor size, SRCC subtype, and stages I-III. Additionally, the distant metastasis pattern in EOGC patients differed from LOGC patients, with EOGC patients more frequently developing bone and ovarian metastases, while liver metastasis was less common. EOGC patients with peritoneal metastasis had poorer outcomes than LOGC patients. Prognosis was relatively better for EOGC patients with distant lymph node metastasis, but poorer for those with peritoneal metastasis.
Conclusion
Surgically treated EOGC patients have significantly better prognoses than LOGC patients. Furthermore, the distant metastasis patterns of EOGC differ from LOGC, carrying distinct prognostic implications for different metastatic sites.
Ethical Integration of AI into Organizational Behavior: Introducing the AI-IOB Model
Authors: Ofem Ofem
Published: October 2024

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) rapidly integrates into organizations, understanding its impact on Organizational Behavior (OB) is essential. This study introduces the AI-Integrated Organizational Behavior (AI-IOB) Model, incorporating AI influences and ethical considerations into traditional OB constructs. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed quantitative data from datasets like IBM's HR Analytics Employee Attrition & Performance and conducted thematic analysis on qualitative insights from industry reports and case studies. Quantitative analyses revealed that automation and generative AI significantly enhance productivity (R² = 0.70, p < 0.001), and AI-driven data analytics improve leadership effectiveness (β = 0.65, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings corroborated these results, highlighting increased innovation and emphasizing ethical considerations regarding employee trust and job security. Despite limitations such as potential biases in secondary data and generalization challenges, the study underscores the need for ethical frameworks in AI adoption to mitigate negative impacts on employees. Future research should explore longitudinal effects, cross-cultural variations, and industry-specific dynamics. The AI-IOB Model offers a robust framework for understanding AI's multifaceted impact on organizational behavior, providing valuable insights for navigating AI integration.
Applying the greenhouse gas inventory calculation approach to predict forest carbon sink development
Authors: Mosley Fredric , Niemi Jari , Soimakallio Sampo
Published: October 2024

Background
Finland’s National Climate Law contains a target for carbon neutrality by 2035. Achieving this target not only depends on the effective implementation of emission reductions, but to a large part on the forest carbon sink. A recent publication of the Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities highlights a potential disparity in forest land greenhouse gas (GHG) balance estimates by the ex-ante scenario model used in the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), and the ex-post GHG inventory methodology used for creating an official record of emissions and removals. Better methodological compatibility is needed for answering a key question: how large will the forest carbon sink be in different scenarios? This study is a first attempt to show the usefulness of applying GHG inventory calculation approach to predict forest carbon sink development.
Results
In this study, we introduce a tool that can be used to estimate the GHG balance for forest land, what we call a “synthetic inventory”, and validate it by comparing outputs against historical data reported in Finland’s GHG inventory. Second, we use it to predict GHG balances in year leading up to 2035 at various roundwood and forest residue harvest rates. The tool can replicate forest GHG balances for forest land with an average annual error of 1.2 Mt CO2, representing 4% of the average annual forest carbon sink. We estimate the forest GHG balance in 2035 to be around 2, -16, -34 Mt CO2eq at levels of total annual drain 92, 80, 70 Mm3 respectively.
Conclusions
According to our calculations the forest land net GHG balance in 2035 is approximately 11 Mt CO2eq higher than what is currently presented in Finland’s NECP. Conceptual differences between how GHGI methodologies and scenario models estimate living biomass gains contribute to this outcome. The tool presented here shows agreement with the NIR 2023 approach, and it can be quickly updated to fit new inventory methods and data. It is likely that the approach is applicable to any country given that appropriate data is available.
RETRACTED: Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among pensioners in Three Districts of Kigali City, Rwanda, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ndikumwenayo Pierre , Ndagijimana Albert , Mukamurigo Judith
Published: October 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Woolf Benjamin , Rajasundaram Skanda , Pott Janne , Gill Dipender , Sallis Hannah , Burgess Stephen , Munafò Marcus
Published: October 2024

Smoking is a major cause of global morbidity and premature mortality. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; “second-hand” or “passive smoking”) may also contribute to ill health. However, it is difficult to establish causality given problems of confounding and reverse causation. We applied Mendelian randomisation to investigate evidence for causal effects. To instrument ETS exposure we used an index individual’s parent’s or spouse’s genetic liability to smoke, conditional on the index individual’s genetic liability. We then meta-analyse four MR approaches using this. Our findings suggest a causal effect of genetically predicted ETS exposure on lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pFDR < 0.001 for both). We did not find evidence supporting an effect on hypertension, depression, coronary heart disease, or stroke (pFDR = 1.000 for all four non-respiratory outcomes); but this might reflect low statistical power. Overall, these results support public health measures to limit exposure to ETS.
Deep fossil freshwater in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Le Huy , Key Kerry , Steckler Michael , Sazeed Nafis , Person Mark , Bhuiyan Anwar , Khan Mahfuzur , Ahmed Kazi
Published: October 2024

Aquifer overexploitation and saltwater intrusion threaten freshwater resources in coastal regions worldwide1,2. In Bangladesh, arsenic contamination and droughts further impact shallow freshwater availability in parts of the country3,4. In the coastal zone, much of the shallow groundwater is saline while availability of deeper fresh groundwater is poorly understood. Here, we utilize deep-sensing magnetotelluric soundings to image the contrast in electrical resistivity between resistive fresh and conductive saline groundwater along a 120 km profile adjacent to the Pusur River in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh. Our data reveal two distinct deep freshwater bodies: a seaward-dipping wedge extending to 600 m depth in the northern transect, and a smaller fresh-to-brackish zone located near the coastline. We propose that these aquifers are remnants of preserved Pleistocene groundwater, supported by 14C ages up to 30,000 years5. An intervening high-salinity zone between the two freshwater bodies likely formed by Ganges paleovalley incision during the last glacial maximum, followed by marine transgression and deposition of conductive muddy sediments. Our results provide a framework for location and distribution of fossil groundwater reserves in Bangladesh’s riverine coastline, offering a potential resource for this water-stressed region. The interplay between past sea-level cycles, sedimentation, and hydrogeological processes may also control the distribution of deep fresh groundwater at other deltas.
WITHDRAWN: Favipiravir-induced bradycardia: A case report
Authors: Kashefizadeh Alireza , Ohadi Laya , Amiri Farbod , Abdolmaleki Maryam , Eslami Vahid , Fesharaki Mehrdad Jafari
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Favipiravir has emerged as a potential treatment for COVID-19, with its antiviral properties showing promise in inhibiting viral replication. However, concerns regarding its safety profile, particularly its cardiac adverse effects, remain a subject of debate.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 58-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed bradycardia following treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19 pneumonia. Despite being asymptomatic, the patient exhibited sinus bradycardia, which resolved upon discontinuation of favipiravir.
Discussion: Favipiravir has been associated with QT prolongation and sinus bradycardia, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Our case adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the potential cardiac complications of favipiravir therapy in COVID-19 patients. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and optimize patient management strategies.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be cautious for cardiac adverse events when prescribing favipiravir for COVID-19 treatment, especially in patients with preexisting cardiac conditions. Continued research is essential to ensure the safe and effective use of favipiravir in the management of COVID-19.
Factors affecting sustainable ecotourism in Vietnam: Mediating role of tourist satisfaction and attractive destination
Authors: Phuoc Hoang Nguyen , Van Tan Nguyen , Thi Huynh Mai Phong , Nhut Nghia Huynh
Published: October 2024

The paper aims to identify factors affecting sustainable ecotourism in Vietnam, including the mediating role of tourist satisfaction and attractive destinations. The valid quantitative data were collected from a survey of 515 domestic tourists who have traveled to ecotourism areas in 5 selected areas in Vietnam, including Ca Mau Province, Can Tho City, Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Dinh Province, and Dong Nai Province. To test research hypotheses, data were analyzed using AMOS 24.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM). Research results show that tourist satisfaction strongly affects sustainable ecotourism (β = 0.341), followed by attractive destinations (β = 0.175) and environmental awareness (β = 0.147). In contrast, tourism management policy does not affect sustainable ecotourism. Besides, tourism management policy has the strongest influence on attractive destinations (β = 0.393), followed by the natural environment (β = 0.129), culture and society (β = 0.082), but infrastructure does not affect attractive destinations. Research results also show that the strongest influential determinant of tourist satisfaction is infrastructure (β = 0.448), followed by culture and society (β = 0.180), the natural environment (β = 0.150), and tourism management policy (β = 0.136).
Reconstructing a georeferenced inventory of flooding hazards in Raoping, Guangdong province, China, from 1492 to 1985
Authors: Zhao Lan , Xu Jingfeng , Zhao Rong , Wang Zekun , Yao Yuanzhi
Published: October 2024

For ancient times, there is a scarcity of instrumental water flow data, which challenges the hydrological science community to understand the evolution of flood risk under changing climate over the centennial scale. Based on the historical records of flood events, the first spatio-temporal database of flood risk occurrence was established in Raoping county, Guangdong, China, from 1492 to 1985 (a 494-year period), with intensive human interpretation and local investigation. Specifically, spatially explicit flood events of the river network were provided for each flood episode. A detailed analysis of the database shows a high frequency of flood risk in summer and early autumn. Specifically, a significant (p < 0.05) increase has been found in flood risks since 1960. However, flooding decreased significantly in recent decades due to meteorological and hydrological factors, as well as the population density and migration during the 500-year period. A spatial clustering of flood events in the northern and southern parts is also confirmed, which shows an impact of population dynamics on a centennial scale. Such methods can be a reference for establishing China's flooding-database for ancient periods, promoting a better understanding of natural hazards and associated human behaviors in the context of long-term climate change.
Ensemble probability distribution of annual runoff for the past 70 years in two main watersheds of China
Authors: Song Fan , Wang Guangsheng , Yang Jianqing , Zhang Min , Ning Shaowei , Li Huimin , Xu Xiaoyan , Cheng Yang , Tan Yaogeng
Published: October 2024

Water resources in China, especially in the major basins of the Songhua and Yangtze rivers, are characterized by uneven distribution both temporally and spatially, leading to notable challenges in per capita water availability. In this study, we investigate the ensemble probability distribution of annual runoff over the past 70 years in two of China's major watersheds: the Songhua River and the Yangtze River. By dividing each basin into several regions from upstream to downstream, based on annual mean discharge as a proxy for annual runoff, we observed a significant correlation between the annual runoff of the control sections and those of the upstream and downstream regions in these large watersheds. Consequently, this study establishes the probability distribution of annual runoff for each region within the basins, anchored on the design annual runoff of the control sections, using the joint bivariate logarithmic normal distribution of two interrelated random variables. Furthermore, we developed a relationship between the conditional probability distribution and correlation diagram data, and a regression equation correlating regional annual runoff with the watershed control section's runoff. This investigation into the historical patterns of runoff over the past 70 years provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics in these critical watersheds.
suporte sambístico na construção de uma epistemologia interdisciplinar
Authors: Barbosa Wesley
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca uma filosofia brasileira interdisciplinar. O samba repercutindo como recurso analítico, a chamar o pensamento a vislumbrar outras concepções, menos especialistas. A primeira parte, alerta ao leitor sobre a tendência perigosa de se posicionar o interdisciplinar numa teoria dos conjuntos. Em seguida, avançamos para uma crítica aos cientificismos, inclusive elencando sua face mais racista, desestabilizando sua vontade de verdade. Diante de tantos saberes, outro, ainda, surge, na imagem dos sambas de enredo, a literatura, categorizada por Deleuze e Guattari, de literatura menor. Discutiremos a noção de música e como, alguns, ainda perseveram no dualismo polarizante, antagonizando o erudito e o popular, e a MPB e o populacho, mais um indício do modo de pensar viciado e vacilante de séculos de uma determinada educação intelectual. Ao fim, debruçaremo nos sobre as fontes de pesquisa dos carnavalescos da G.R.E.S. Unidos do Viradouro, no sentido de analisar algumas categorias sociológicas, políticas, antropológicas, psicológicas, musicais, literárias, filosóficas, não de forma compartimentada, mas num todo, como fluxo, agenciamento, conexões múltiplas. Para isso trabalharemos os carnavais de 2020 e 2023, especialmente a tese de doutorado de Harue Sorrentino, Articulações Pedagógicas no Coro das Ganhadeiras de Itapuã: um estudo de caso etnográfico e o livro do antropólogo Luiz Mott, Rosa Egipcíaca: Uma Santa Africana no Brasil.
Filosofias africanas
Authors: Machado Adilbênia Freire
Published: October 2024

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