bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habilidades e procedimentos de ensino de escrita para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: uma revisão
Authors: Sella Ana Carolina , Silva Williany Dos Santos , Dos Santos Isvânia Alves
Published: July 2020

A escrita é uma ferramenta fundamental para a humanidade: ela permite variadas formas de socialização, comunicação, organização, autoadvocacia e expressão artística. O foco desta revisão sistemática da literatura foi organizar o conhecimento descrito em artigos de intervenção para o ensino de escrita para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Buscou-se responder quais habilidades de escrita vêm sendo ensinadas para esta população e quais procedimentos vêm sendo utilizados para ensiná-las. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica em 5 fases interdependentes, que basearam uma análise sistemática. Após o término das 5 fases de análise, restaram 6 artigos com todos os critérios descritos. De forma geral, houve variabilidade na idade dos participantes, nos ambientes de intervenção, nas habilidades-alvo de escrita, nos procedimentos de ensino e no formato e mídia de implementação de tais procedimentos. Revisões bibliográficas periódicas são recomendadas e futuros estudos empíricos deveriam continuar a investigar as relações entre variáveis dependentes e independentes descritas nos estudos revisados e outras relações, além daquelas que foram alvos das intervenções encontradas também deveriam ser estudadas, buscando construir um corpo mais robusto de evidência para o ensino de diferentes habilidades de escrita para pessoas com TEA.
Extraction of Mauritia flexuosa in Orthophotos Obtained by UAV
Authors: Faxina Rudmir Rogerio de Camargo , Silva Claudionor Ribeiro da
Published: July 2020

The veredas are more than a phytophysiognomy. They constitute a wetland ecosystem that embraces different species in the Cerrado biome. The buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) is the main arboreal species of these environments, has economic relevance and its shape contributes to the identification of the veredas. This study aims to explore the potential of remote sensing for extraction of features using the techniques of segmentation and supervised classification. The area of study was located in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais/Brazil. A database containing field information and orthophoto obtained by UAV, with spatial resolution of 3.5 cm was necessary to use the multiresolution segmentation algorithm of eCognition. The results showed the efficiency of the method, with detection of 75.56% of the M. flexuosa species in the scene. When considering the band of altimetry, the result was 21.61% higher, with a global accuracy of 97%. The RMSE after field validation was 1.14 m. With the collected data and the results, it was possible to extract relevant ontological information, such as the average treetop diameter, shape, leaf length, height, field distribution pattern and spectral response of the target. These parameters can support and contribute to the monitoring and conservation of the species and the vereda environment.
Analysis of the presence of glyphosate in sediments from the hydrographic basin dam of the São João stream in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins
Authors: Godinho Patricia Oliveira , Balduino Angelo Ricardo
Published: July 2020

Agricultural production has been one of the activities that most affect the quality of fresh water, due to accelerated urbanization, as well as the growing agricultural production in the region such as corn and soy in order to meet the high consumption demanded by the population, such activities have influenced drastically hydrographic basin conditions due to the excessive use of pesticides. Among the consequences caused are soil erosion, silting, increased production of sediments as well as water turbidity. Through studies related to sediments, it was possible to notice that their structures retain most of the chemical products, through the processes of adsorption, infiltration, and sorption in the soil. This in fact resulted in a study to assess the quality of the São João stream hydrographic basin, which covers the city of Porto Nacional Tocantins, being the main source of surface supply. With the main objective of analyzing the manifestations of chemical products resulting from agricultural use through the collection of sediment samples from the São João stream dam to check the presence of glyphosate, in addition to soil particle size characterization, for particle size classification. From the results obtained in the laboratory, it was observed that the soil presented a high granulometric variation, which despite containing a small percentage of fines such as silt, most of the sample consists of medium sand, coarse sand and gravel responsible for 86.66 % of the total sample. The result obtained an average value of 0.02 μg / L. Then, the results were compared to the values specified by the environmental legislation, in its resolution 357/2005 of the National Environment Council. The values showed the manifestation of the herbicide present in the sample, contacting the vulnerability of water resources, as a result of the poor management of the hydrographic basin, in which the concentrations of agrochemical chemical glyphosate did not show results superior to those allowed by the CONAMA resolution 307/2005. However, due to the growing agricultural activity in the region, this must be periodically evaluated so that it does not reach alarming numbers, subsequently harming water quality.
Medidas socioeducativas y colaboración interprofesional: entre tensiones y nuevas estructuras profesionales.
Authors: Blaya Catherine , Allenbach Marco , Angelucci Valérie , Rebetez Frédérique
Published: July 2020

Este artículo trata de la aparición del trabajo socioeducativo en el ámbito escolar para prevenir el abandono escolar en Suiza (cantón[1] de Vaud). El termino "socioeducativo" se aplica conjuntamente a una serie de situaciones problemáticas recientes, nuevos dispositivos o profesionales adecuados designados para responder a ellas y, también una nueva manera de nombrar algunas de sus actividades. Focus groups que asocian diferentes colaboradores profesionales y luego docentes han permitido investigar sus representaciones del trabajo socioeducativo, comprender los desafíos establecidos e identificar algunas condiciones para que los recursos y estrategias movilizados contribuyan al apoyo de los alumnos en dificultad.

Los resultados muestran que el término “socioeducativo” se puede utilizar para designar diversos ámbitos de actuación considerando cada uno de ellos como perteneciente, tanto a las tareas de los docentes, como a otras competencias profesionales. El trabajo socioeducativo aparece como representativo de la relación interprofesional ya que supone un campo de actividad al que contribuye el conjunto de la comunidad educativa.

 

[1] Se denomina cantón a cada una de las regiones suizas con gobierno autónomo y capitalidad. La capital del cantón d Vaud es Lausana. (Nota de traducción)

Introduction: this article aims to investigate the emergence of socio-educational work in the school context in order to prevent early school leaving in Switzerland (Canton of Vaud). The term “socio-educational” is used jointly to refer to problematic situations and resources or professionals devoted to addressing such situations. Finally, the term is also used to refer to certain activities beyond teaching. Method: seven focus groups including specific professionals and teachers were surveyed (i) to conceptualize their representations of socio-educational work; (ii) to define perceived challenges; and (iii) to identify conditions which foster the support of disadvantaged children. Findings: the results show that the term "socio-educational" can be used to designate various types of activities which, sometimes, are related to teaching and, some other times, to other professional skills. Socio-educational work seems to represent interprofessional relationships in that it involves the whole educational community.
Estudio piloto de variables socio-emocionales, ansiedad y flow en alumnos de grado profesional de música mediante actividades BAPNE
Authors: Moral Bofill Laura , Vicedo Molla Francisco , Romero Naranjo Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación es hacer un análisis exploratorio a través de un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupo control no equivalente de los efectos que las actividades del método BAPNE tienen sobre las emociones, la ansiedad, el “flow” y la conducta social en alumnos de Grado Profesional de Música. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan nuestras hipótesis de investigación con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en medidas pre-post del grupo experimental con p< .05 para emociones, ansiedad-estado y flow. Sugiriendo que las actividades BAPNE favorecen las emociones agradables, disminuyen la ansiedad estado y generan una experiencia alta de flow. Para la conducta social, sin embargo, no se han detectado cambios significativos en las medidas tomadas con el cuestionario BAS3.

Adoptant un modèle quasi-expérimental avec un groupe témoin non-équivalent, cette recherche conduit une analyse exploratoire des effets que les activités de la méthode BAPNE ont sur les émotions, l'anxiété, le “flow” et le comportement social chez les étudiants en musique. Les résultats obtenus soutiennent notre hypothèse de recherche avec des différences statistiquement significatives dans les mesures pré-post du groupe expérimental avec p < .05 pour les émotions, l'anxiété état et le flow. Ils suggèrent que les activités de BAPNE favorisent les émotions agréables, diminuent l'anxiété état et génèrent une expérience élevée de flow. Pour le comportement social, cependant, aucun changement significatif n'a été détecté dans les mesures prises avec le questionnaire BAS3.
Expanding Searle’s analysis of interrogative speech acts: A systematic classification based on preparatory conditions
Authors: Nielsen Niels Møller
Published: July 2020

In John Searle’s original taxonomy of types of illocutionary acts (Searle 1969) he points out that some kinds of illocutionary acts are special cases of other kinds, giving the example that questions are in fact special cases of requests. In that way, a ‘real question’ is a request for information that the sender does not already possess, whereas an ‘exam question’ is a request for information that the sender has already access to. This paper takes this rudimentary analysis some steps further and attempts a taxonomy of interrogative speech acts based on sets of more specific preparatory conditions such as sender expects / does not expect reply and sender has access to / does not have access to the requested information. The paper will show that a system of these sets of preparatory conditions can generate illocutionary definitions of a range of different types of interrogative speech acts.
Miga-mediated endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact sites regulate neuronal homeostasis
Authors: Xu Lingna , Wang Xi , Zhou Jia , Qiu Yunyi , Shang Weina , Liu Jun-Ping , Wang Liquan , Tong Chao
Published: July 2020

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) are crucial for multiple cellular processes such as calcium signaling, lipid transport, and mitochondrial dynamics. However, the molecular organization, functions, regulation of ERMCS, and the physiological roles of altered ERMCSs are not fully understood in higher eukaryotes. We found that Miga, a mitochondrion located protein, markedly increases ERMCSs and causes severe neurodegeneration upon overexpression in fly eyes. Miga interacts with an ER protein Vap33 through its FFAT-like motif and an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease related Vap33 mutation considerably reduces its interaction with Miga. Multiple serine residues inside and near the Miga FFAT motif were phosphorylated, which is required for its interaction with Vap33 and Miga-mediated ERMCS formation. The interaction between Vap33 and Miga promoted further phosphorylation of upstream serine/threonine clusters, which fine-tuned Miga activity. Protein kinases CKI and CaMKII contribute to Miga hyperphosphorylation. MIGA2, encoded by themigamammalian ortholog, has conserved functions in mammalian cells. We propose a model that shows Miga interacts with Vap33 to mediate ERMCSs and excessive ERMCSs lead to neurodegeneration.
Dissecting cell-type-specific metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lau Allison N , Li Zhaoqi , Danai Laura V , Westermark Anna M , Darnell Alicia M , Ferreira Raphael , Gocheva Vasilena , Sivanand Sharanya , Lien Evan C , Sapp Kiera M , Mayers Jared R , Biffi Giulia , Chin Christopher R , Davidson Shawn M , Tuveson David A , Jacks Tyler , Matheson Nicholas J , Yilmaz Omer , Vander Heiden Matthew G
Published: July 2020

Tumors are composed of many different cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Dissecting functional metabolic differences between cell types within a mixed population can be challenging due to the rapid turnover of metabolites relative to the time needed to isolate cells. To overcome this challenge, we traced isotope-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites. This approach was used to assess differences between cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism in murine pancreatic cancer organoid-fibroblast co-cultures and tumors. Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited increased pyruvate carboxylation relative to fibroblasts, and this flux depended on both pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1 activity. Consequently, expression of both enzymes in cancer cells was necessary for organoid and tumor growth, demonstrating that dissecting the metabolism of specific cell populations within heterogeneous systems can identify dependencies that may not be evident from studying isolated cells in culture or bulk tissue.
First report of begomoviruses infectingCucumis sativusL. in North America and identification of a proposed new begomovirus species
Authors: Sanchez-Chavez Sarahi , Regla-Marquez Carlos Fernando , Cardenas-Conejo Zugey Elizabeth , Garcia-Rodriguez Daniel Alejandro , Centeno-Leija Sara , Serrano-Posada Hugo , Liñan-Rico Andromeda , Partida-Palacios Brenda Lizet , Cardenas-Conejo Yair
Published: July 2020

Background

Members of theBegomovirusgenus are phytopathogens that infect dicotyledonous plants, producing economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, only seven species of begomoviruses (BGVs) infecting cucumber have been described. Most cucumber infections were reported in South Asia. In the Americas, begomoviral infections affecting cucumber are scarce; just one report of begomovirus has been described in South America. The presence of whitefly and typical symptoms of viral infections observed in a cucumber field in Colima, Mexico, suggested that plants in this field were affected by BGVs.

Methods

To identify the BGVs infecting cucumber, we performed a high-throughput sequencing and compared the assembled contigs against the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database. To confirm the presence of viruses in cucumber samples, we performed a PCR detection using specific oligonucleotides. We cloned and sequenced by Sanger method the complete genome of a potential new begomovirus. Begomovirus species demarcation was performed according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The evolutionary relationship of the new virus was inferred using phylogenetic and recombination analyses.

Results

We identified five species of begomovirus infecting plants in a field. None of these have been previously reported infecting cucumber. One of the five species of viruses here reported is a new begomovirus species. Cucumber chlorotic leaf virus, the new species, is a bipartite begomovirus that has distinctive features of viruses belonging to the squash leaf curl virus clade.

Conclusions

The findings here described represent the first report of begomoviral infection affecting cucumber plants in North America. Previous to this report, only seven begomovirus species have been reported in the world, here we found five species infecting cucumber plants in a small sample suggesting that cucumber is vulnerable to BGVs. One of these viruses is a new species of begomovirus which is the first begomovirus originally isolated from the cucumber. The findings of this report could help to develop strategies to fight the begomoviral infections that affect cucumber crops.
Arthropod IGF, relaxin and gonadulin, putative orthologs of Drosophila insulin-like peptides 6, 7 and 8, likely originated from an ancient gene triplication
Authors: Veenstra Jan A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Insects have several genes coding for insulin-like peptides and they have been particularly well studied in Drosophila. Some of these hormones function as growth hormones and are produced by the fat body and the brain. These act through a typical insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Two other Drosophila insulin-like hormones are either known or suspected to act through a G-protein coupled receptor. Although insulin-related peptides are known from other insect species, Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8, one that uses a G-protein coupled receptor, has so far only been identified from Drosophila and other flies. However, its receptor is widespread within arthropods and hence it should have orthologs. Such putative orthologs were recently identified in decapods and have been called gonadulins.

Methodology

In an effort to identify gonadulins in other arthropods public genome assemblies and short-read archives from insects and other arthropods were explored for the presence of genes and transcripts coding insulin-like peptides and their putative receptors.

Results

Gonadulins were detected in a number of arthropods. In those species for which transcriptome data from the gonads is available insect gonadulin genes are expressed in the ovaries and at least in some species also in the testes. In some insects differences in gonadulin expression in the ovary between actively reproducing and non-reproducing females differs more than 100-fold. Putative orthologs of Drosophila ilp 6 were also identified. In several non-Dipteran insects these peptides have C-terminally extensions that are alternatively spliced. The predicted peptides have been called arthropod insulin-like growth factors. In cockroaches, termites and stick insects genes coding for the arthropod insulin-like growth factors, gonadulin and relaxin, a third insulin-like peptide, are encoded by genes that are next to one another suggesting that they are the result of a local gene triplication. Such a close chromosomal association was also found for the arthropod insulin-like growth factor and gonadulin genes in spiders. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the typical insulin receptor tyrosine kinases from insects, decapods and chelicerates shows that the insulin signaling pathway evolved differently in these three groups. The G-protein coupled receptors that are related to the Drosophila ilp 8 receptor similarly show significant differences between those groups.

Conclusion

A local gene triplication in an early ancestor likely yielded three genes coding gonadulin, arthropod insulin-like growth factor and relaxin. Orthologs of these genes are now commonly present in arthropods and almost certainly include the Drosophila insulin-like peptides 6, 7 and 8.
Percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem acerca das cargas de trabalho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Michaello Renata da Silva , Tomaschewski-Barlem Jamila Geri , Carvalho Deciane Pintanela de , Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Bordignon Simoní Saraiva , Neutzling Bruna Ruoso da Silva
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem acerca das cargas de trabalho em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Estudo qualitativo com 24 trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal em um hospital universitário, em junho de 2017, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas por análise textual discursiva. Resultados: Verificou-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem percebem sua exposição às cargas de trabalho e as relacionam com a ocorrência de acidentes e doenças de trabalho. As cargas psíquicas foram as mais representativas no ambiente de trabalho, entretanto, destaca-se a relação identificada pelos trabalhadores entre as cargas químicas e os produtos utilizados na limpeza das incubadoras. Conclusão: O reconhecimento das cargas de trabalho oportuniza a criação de medidas que possam minimizá-las durante a assistência de recém-nascidos em cuidado intensivo, visando à saúde do trabalhador.
The perception of sexual violence’s victims about the embracement in a reference hospital in Paraná
Authors: Batistetti Luciana Teixeira , Lima Maria Cristina Dias de , Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção das vítimas de violência sexual em relação ao acolhimento prestado pela equipe de enfermagem no pronto atendimento de hospital referenciado em Curitiba, Paraná. Método: Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa com mulheres vítimas de violência sexual atendidas em ambulatório nos meses de julho e agosto de 2017. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Evidenciou-se como o cuidado prestado não somente procedimentos técnicos, mas também o cuidado individualizado às necessidades e a presença constante do profissional durante o atendimento, embora algumas entrevistadas desconhecessem a categoria profissional deste. A percepção quanto ao atendimento centrou-se na postura dos profissionais, gerando sentimentos positivos como segurança e tranquilidade. Conclusão: a Enfermagem carece de reconhecimento social, porém seu atendimento foi reconhecido como positivo pelas mulheres e gerador de sentimentos de proteção e acolhimento.
Agencies in the men body: a nursing study about care
Authors: Silva Cleiry Simone Moreira da , Silva Paulo Sérgio da , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: Identificar como os homens e com quem eles aprenderam o cuidado com o corpo. Método: O método assumido nesta investigação foi o cartográfico-qualitativo. O contexto escolhido foi uma escola estadual e uma instituição superior de ensino localizado no município de Boa Vista onde estão inseridos homens adolescentes e adultos. A estratégia para produção dos dados envolveu encontros coletivos com 30 homens, denominados de assembleias, onde ocorreu a indução de discussões coletivas e modelagens sobre corpo e cuidado. Resultados: Foram produzidas 282 unidades de registros. Destacamos como principais cuidados: tomar banho, escovação de dentes, lavagem das genitálias, prática de exercícios físicos, corte de cabelos e unhas. Sobre o aprendizado das ações de cuidar os homens sinalizaram as mães, pais, avós, escola e por fim sozinhos. Conclusão: Os homens sofreram variados agenciamentos e indicam temas para o cuidado de enfermagem que são de ordem filosófico-existencial, filosófico-clínico e filosófico-espacial.
Prenatal as a facilitator in the participation of companions during labor and delivery process
Authors: Souza Marli Aparecida Rocha de , Wall Marilene Loewen , Thuler Andrea Cristina de Morais Chaves , Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula
Published: July 2020

Objetivo:. Descrever ações executadas pelo acompanhante junto à parturiente, conforme informações recebidas no pré-natal. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, com 21 acompanhantes, com o uso de um questionário semiestruturado. No processamento de análise dos dados, foi utilizado o software Iramuteq. Resultados: Resultados:. Emergiram duas classes: 1. A informação no pré-natal sobre o direito do acompanhante e 2. A participação do acompanhante junto à parturiente e as ações executadas. Conclusão:. A informação referente ao direito do acompanhante e ações a serem desenvolvidas por eles no processo de parto foram poucas ou nenhuma durante o pré-natal e as ações realizadas por eles, foram provenientes de conhecimento adquiridos por meio de busca individual ou recebidas no momento da internação. Descritores:. Pré-Natal; Humanização da Assistência; Enfermagem; Parto Normal.
The effect of acupuncture on the relief of physical and emotional discomfort during pregnancy
Authors: Martins Eveliny Silva , Rocha Lígia Maria Alves , Araújo Ana Paula de Jesus , Tavares Tainan Maria Cruz Lopes , Castro Régia Christina Moura Barbosa , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da acupuntura nos desconfortos físicos e emocionais presentes na gestação. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 45 gestantes do segundo e terceiro trimestre gestacional, atendidas no pré natal de risco habitual e que realizaram sessões de acupuntura. Cada gestante fazia duas sessões por semana com duração de 30 minutos, cada uma. Resultado: evidenciou-se que, após seis sessões de acupuntura, utilizando os pontos sistêmicos B57, B40, VB30, B23, B60, VG20 e pontos de auriculoterapia: Shemen, lombar e ciático, houve uma significativa melhoria de diversas queixas comuns na gestação, relatadas pelas participantes, como: relaxamento do corpo (97,8%); mudança do estresse (82,2%); sono (86,7%); estado de humor (82,2%); paciência (80%); energia (77,8); ansiedade (66,7%), dentre outros. Conclusão: a acupuntura contribuiu positivamente na melhoria de sintomas físicos e emocionais referidos pelas gestantes, podendo ser usada como alternativa para a promoção da saúde gestacional.
Portman‐Whitehouse bill would make telehealth MAT permanent
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2020

Last month, Senators Rob Portman (R‐Ohio) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D‐R.I.) introduced the Telehealth Response for E‐prescribing Addiction Therapy Services (TREATS) Act to support the expansion of telehealth services for substance use disorder treatment — specifically, for medication‐assisted treatment (MAT). The bill would make permanent the waiver allowing the prescription of buprenorphine and other necessary drugs (not methadone) without needing an in‐person visit first, and would require Medicare to pay for audio‐only telehealth visits. The flexibility was added this spring to reduce exposure to COVID‐19, but the lawmakers say it's necessary to increase overall access to MAT during an opioid crisis. “The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected every aspect of our lives and the increase in overdoses we're seeing only increases the need for additional flexibility to help those suffering from addiction. I've had the opportunity to hear about the successes of telehealth in treating substance use disorder directly from behavioral health providers who have continued their fight against the addiction epidemic amidst the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic,” said Senator Portman in announcing the bill. “Overdoses have taken a heartbreaking toll in Rhode Island since the coronavirus pandemic began,” said Senator Whitehouse. “Telehealth sessions have been a lifeline for those walking the long road to recovery during a stressful, isolating time. Our bipartisan legislation would ensure that recovery support continues to be widely available from the comfort of home after the pandemic wanes.”
Toward Enhanced Strength and Ductility of Al–14.5Si Alloy via Solidification Under Super‐Gravity Field
Authors: Wu Hao , Wu Chuandong , Lu Yuehui , Jiang Panhui , Gan Zhanghua , Liu Jing
Published: July 2020

Herein, a novel method to improve the mechanical properties of Al–14.5Si alloys via solidification under super‐gravity field is reported. The Al–14.5Si alloys are solidified under normal gravity (1 g) and various super‐gravity fields (1000 g, 2000 g, 3000 g, and 4000 g), respectively. The results indicate that the solidification under super‐gravity field leads to right shifting of eutectic point and significant refinement of the eutectic Si. The refining of eutectic Si has a tremendous influence on mechanical properties. The elongation and fracture toughness of the Al–14.5Si alloys, solidified under super‐gravity field of 3000 g, can reach up to ≈12.7% and ≈20.21 MPa, which are approximately tenfold and three times higher relative to those under normal gravity, respectively. The fracture mode of Al–14.5Si alloy is transformed from brittle fracture under normal gravity to ductile fracture under super‐gravity field.
Correlated Electrical and Chemical Nanoscale Properties in Potassium‐Passivated, Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tennyson Elizabeth M. , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Ji Kangyu , Garrett Joseph L. , Gong Chen , Pawlicki Alison A. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Munday Jeremy N. , Stranks Samuel D. , Leite Marina S.
Published: July 2020

Perovskite semiconductors are an exciting class of materials due to their promising performance outputs in photovoltaic devices. To boost their efficiency further, researchers introduce additives during sample synthesis, such as KI. However, it is not well understood how KI changes the material and, often, leaves precipitants. To fully resolve the role of KI, multiple microscopy techniques are applied and the electrical and chemical behavior of a Reference (untreated) and a KI‐treated perovskite are compared. Upon correlation between electrical and chemical nanoimaging techniques, it is discovered that these local properties are linked to the macroscopic voltage enhancement of the KI‐treated perovskite. The heterogeneity revealed in both the local electrical and chemical responses indicates that the additive partially migrates to the surface, yet surprisingly does not deteriorate the performance locally, rather, the voltage response homogeneously increases. The research presented within provides a diagnostic methodology, which connects the nanoscale electrical and chemical properties of materials, relevant to other perovskites, including multication and Pb‐free alternatives.
Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Shi Yang
Published: July 2020

Advances in immuno‐oncology have significantly improved cancer therapy outcomes. Unfortunately, potent responses to immunotherapy have only been achieved in subsets of patients. Nanomedicines and biomaterials have enormous potential for making immunotherapy work better in more patients, which has been suggested by a large number of preclinical studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how these materials will really benefit cancer patients treated by immunotherapy. Therefore, reviewing current clinical studies on nanomedicines and biomaterials in immuno‐oncology may provide valuable information for future translation research. In this work, the clinical landscape of cancer immunotherapy involving nanomedicines and biomaterials, mainly Abraxane, Doxil, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) nanovaccines, and a biomaterial scaffold‐supported autologous vaccine, is reviewed. Clinical results demonstrate the high potential of nano/biomaterials in immunotherapy, achieved by rationalized utilization of their targeted delivery and reduced toxicities/side effects. Future clinical translation in this field will likely benefit from designing rational combinations of nanomedicines and biomaterials with the right immunotherapeutics applied in the right patients/tumors, and this should be achieved with the help of immune biomarker analysis. By rationally utilizing the unique features and advantages of nanomedicines and biomaterials, they will highly impact patient care in combination with immunotherapy.
MT1‐MMP‐Activated Liposomes to Improve Tumor Blood Perfusion and Drug Delivery for Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wei Yan , Song Sha , Duan Nianxiu , Wang Feng , Wang Yuxi , Yang Yiwei , Peng Chengyuan , Li Junjun , Nie Di , Zhang Xinxin , Guo Shiyan , Zhu Chunliu , Yu Miaorong , Gan Yong
Published: July 2020

Promoting tumor angiogenesis effectively and specifically to resolve tumor‐associated hypoperfusion holds promise for improving pancreatic cancer therapy. Herein, a doxorubicin (DOX) loaded smart liposome, MC‐T‐DOX, is constructed, that carries appropriately low‐density cilengitide, an αvβ3 integrin‐specific Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐mimetic cyclic peptide, via a membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) cleavable peptide. After being administered systemically in a hypoperfused pancreatic cancer mouse model at a low dose of cilengitide, the proangiogenic activity of MC‐T‐DOX is specifically “turned on” in tumor vessels through cleavage by MT1‐MMP on tumor endothelial cells to release cilengitide. This locally released cilengitide increases tumor blood perfusion, thereby improving the accumulation and distribution of MC‐T‐DOX in the tumor site. The loaded‐DOX then displays enhanced penetration and increased cellular uptake upon heat‐triggered release from MC‐T‐DOX in the tumor interstitium, contributing to the improved tumor therapy efficacy. Therefore, the strategy of combining the modulation of tumor vascular promotion with smart nanodrug delivery represents a promising approach to improving drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy in a wide range of hypoperfused tumors.
“Necessary Compromises”: A Qualitative Exploration of the Influence of Burnout on Resident Education
Authors: Lu Dave W. , Germann Carl A. , Nelson Sara W. , Jauregui Joshua , Strout Tania D.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Burnout is prevalent among resident physicians and has a negative impact on their well‐being and effectiveness at work. How burnout shapes residents’ educational experiences, attitudes, habits, and practices is not well understood. There is also a lack of research regarding self‐identified mitigation strategies for residents. The authors qualitatively explored burnout’s role in the educational experiences of resident physicians.

Methods

Qualitative data were generated from a sample of 29 emergency medicine residents through four semistructured focus groups across four institutions in January and February 2019. The authors employed a constructivist approach to thematic analysis. Transcripts were coded and organized into major and minor themes.

Results

Residents reported that a misalignment of their individual versus institutional priorities and a lack of agency were significant contributors to their burnout. Residents described how burnout affected multiple aspects of their education, including their motivation and curiosity to learn, engagement in scholarly activity, and teaching of others. Residents identified several ways of building a sense of community that they explained was most useful in mitigating their experiences with burnout.

Conclusion

Burnout had a negative influence on many facets of residents’ educational experiences during training. Program directors and educators can take resident‐identified steps to moderate its detrimental role on trainee education.
Banding of phosphorus as an alternative to lime for wheat in acid soil
Authors: Cho Whoi , Brorsen B. Wade , Arnall D.B.
Published: July 2020

Soil acidification limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and continues to intensify due to N application and crop harvesting. Applying agricultural limestone (aglime) is the most common remedy for soil acidity but requires a substantial investment. The banding of phosphorus (Banding P) with wheat seed is an alternative temporary solution with lower cash cost than aglime application. However, P2O5 fertilizer costs have increased, and Banding P treatment cannot prevent soil pH reduction. This study compares the net present value (NPV) of aglime and Banding P treatments over varied planning horizons for wheat production in acidic soil updating the work of Kaitibie et al. (2002). For sensitivity analysis, two wheat yield goals, two wheat prices, and two aglime prices were considered. Partial budgeting is used based on estimates from past agronomic research. Banding P treatment was always preferred with a 1‐yr planning horizon and was never preferred with a planning horizon of more than 3 yr. Due to increased P2O5 fertilizer price since 2002, the planning horizons where Banding P treatment now has higher NPV than aglime are shorter than those found by Kaitibie et al.
Non‐Interpenetrated Single‐Crystal Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liang Lin , Qiu Yi , Wang Wei David , Han Jing , Luo Yi , Yu Wei , Yin Guan‐Lin , Wang Zhi‐Peng , Zhang Lei , Ni Jianwei , Niu Jing , Sun Junliang , Ma Tianqiong , Wang Wei
Published: July 2020

Growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as single crystals is extremely challenging. Inaccessibility of open‐structured single‐crystal COFs prevents the exploration of structure‐oriented applications. Herein we report for the first time a non‐interpenetrated single‐crystal COF, LZU‐306, which possesses the open structure constructed exclusively via covalent assembly. With a high void volume of 80 %, LZU‐306 was applied to investigate the intrinsic dynamics of reticulated tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the individual aggregation‐induced‐emission moiety. Solid‐state 2H NMR investigation has determined that the rotation of benzene rings in TPE, being the freest among the reported cases, is as fast as 1.0×104 Hz at 203 K to 1.5×107 Hz at 293 K. This research not only explores a new paradigm for single‐crystal growth of open frameworks, but also provides a unique matrix‐isolation platform to reticulate functional moieties into a well‐defined and isolated state.
Present‐Day DNA Contamination in Ancient DNA Datasets
Authors: Peyrégne Stéphane , Prüfer Kay
Published: July 2020

Present‐day contamination can lead to false conclusions in ancient DNA studies. A number of methods are available to estimate contamination, which use a variety of signals and are appropriate for different types of data. Here an overview of currently available methods highlighting their strengths and weaknesses is provided, and a classification based on the signals used to estimate contamination is proposed. This overview aims at enabling researchers to choose the most appropriate methods for their dataset. Based on this classification, potential avenues for the further development of methods are discussed.
Communication, collaboration and contagion: “Virtualisation” of anatomy during COVID‐19
Authors: Byrnes Kevin G. , Kiely Patrick A. , Dunne Colum P. , McDermott Kieran W. , Coffey John Calvin
Published: July 2020

COVID‐19 has generated a global need for technologies that enable communication, collaboration, education and scientific discourse whilst maintaining physical distance. University closures due to COVID‐19 and physical distancing measures disrupt academic activities that previously occurred face‐to‐face. Restrictions placed on universities due to COVID‐19 have precluded most conventional forms of education, assessment, research and scientific discourse. Anatomists now require valid, robust and easy‐to‐use communication tools to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research. Recent advances in communication, video conferencing and digital technologies may facilitate continuity of teaching and research activities. Examples include highly‐interactive video conferencing technology, collaborative tools, social media and networking platforms. In this narrative review, we examine the utility of these technologies in supporting effective communication and professional activities of anatomists during COVID‐19 and after.
Develop successful interview strategies for virtual and traditional formats
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2020

Even pre‐pandemic, the job‐search process often included at least one interview via phone or video. But now in light of social‐distancing measures and travel restrictions, video interviews have become more commonplace than ever.
Resveratrol and Celastrol Loaded Collagen Dental Implants Regulate Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Growth and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Bao Bin , Bao Chunling , Wang Shujun , Ur Rahman Saeed , Hou Chunyu , Elango Jeevithan , Wu Wenhui
Published: July 2020

Collagen is widely used for dental therapy in several ways such as films, 3D matrix, and composites, besides traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used in tissue regeneration and wound healing application for centuries. Hence, the present study was targeted for the first time to fabricate collagen film with TCM such as resveratrol and celastrol in order to investigate the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) growth and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) derived osteoclastogenesis. Further, the physicochemical, mechanical and biological activities of collagen‐TCM films crosslinked by glycerol and EDC‐NHS (1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide‐N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide) were investigated. Collagen film characterization was significantly regulated by the nature of plasticizers like hydrophobic and degree of polarity. Interestingly, the collagen film's denaturation temperature was increased by EDC‐NHS than glycerol. FT‐IR data confirmed the functional group changes due to chemical interaction of collagen with TCM. Morphological changes of HPLF cells cultured in control and collagen films were observed by SEM. Importantly, the addition of resveratrol upregulated the proliferation of HPLF cells, while osteoclastogenesis of BMM cells treated with mCSF‐RANKL was significantly downregulated by celastrol. Accordingly, the collagen‐TCM film could be an interesting material for dental regeneration, and especially it is a therapeutic target to restrain the elevated bone resorption during osteoporosis.
Expansion of the Na3MIII(Ln/An)6F30 Series: Incorporation of Plutonium into a Highly Robust and Stable Framework
Authors: Pace Kristen A. , Klepov Vladislav V. , Deason Travis K. , Smith Mark D. , Ayer Gyanendra B. , Diprete David P. , Amoroso Jake W. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: July 2020

NanMAn6F30 is an extremely versatile framework structure for incorporating tetravalent actinides (An) and cerium along with divalent or trivalent d‐metals (M); moreover, the structure exhibits a high resistance to harsh chemical conditions. This extreme robustness can potentially be exploited for the sequestration of plutonium in a stable matrix; however, no NanMPu6F30 compounds have been reported so far. Herein, we present four new plutonium fluorides that have been prepared as single crystals by mild hydrothermal synthesis methods. Structural characterizations revealed their compositions to be Na3AlPu6F30, Na3FePu6F30, Na3CoPu6F30, and Na2.4Mn1.6Pu6F30. Surprisingly, in the plutonium series, it was found that Co2+ and Mn2+ precursors oxidized to form Na3CoIIIPu6F30 and Na2.4MnII/III1.6Pu6F30, whereas the analogous reactions for cerium result in reduction of the transition metal, even when beginning with a M3+ precursor. While cerium is often used as a surrogate for plutonium, this work serves as an example that deviations between their chemistries do occur.
A Triptycene‐Based Enantiopure Bis(Diazadibenzoanthracene) by a Chirality‐Assisted Synthesis Approach
Authors: Wang Xubin , Kohl Bernd , Rominger Frank , Elbert Sven M. , Mastalerz Michael
Published: July 2020

By applying a chirality‐assisted synthesis (CAS) approach enantiopure diaminodibromotriptycenes were converted to rigid chiral helical diazadibenzoanthracenes, which show besides pronounced Cotton effects in circular dichroism spectra higher photoluminescence quantum yields as comparable carbacyclic analogues. For the enantiopure building blocks, a protocol was developed allowing the large scale synthesis without the necessity of separation via HPLC.
A Molecular Capsule with Revolving Doors Partitioning Its Inner Space
Authors: Lei Zhiquan , Finnegan Tyler J. , Gunawardana Vageesha W. Liyana , Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Xie Han , Moore Curtis E. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: July 2020

Covalent capsule 1 was designed to include two molecular baskets linked with three mobile pyridines tucked into its inner space. On the basis of both theory (DFT) and experiments (NMR and X‐ray crystallography), we found that the pyridine “doors” split the chamber (380 Å3) of 1 so that two equally sizeable compartments (190 Å3) became joined through a conformationally flexible aromatic barrier. The compartments of such unique host could be populated with CCl4 (88 Å3; PC=46 %), CBr4 (106 Å3; 56 %) or their combination CCl4/CBr4 (PC=51 %), with thermodynamic stabilities ΔG° tracking the values of packing coefficients (PC). Halogen (C−X⋅⋅⋅π) and hydrogen bonding (C−H⋅⋅⋅X) contacts held the haloalkane guests in the cavities of 1. The consecutive complexations were found to occur in a negative allosteric manner, which we propose to result from the induced‐fit mode of complexation. Newly designed 1 opens a way for probing the effects of inner conformational dynamics on noncovalent interactions, reactivity and intramolecular translation in confined spaces of hollow molecules.
Characterization of the Effect of Upadacitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Bupropion, a Sensitive Cytochrome P450 2B6 Probe Substrate
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Minocha Mukul , Trueman Sheryl , Feng Tian , Enejosa Jeffrey , Fisniku Ogert , Othman Ahmed A.
Published: July 2020

This phase 1 study characterized the effect of multiple doses of upadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase 1 selective inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 substrate bupropion. Healthy subjects (n = 22) received a single oral dose of bupropion 150 mg alone (study period 1) and on day 12 of a 16‐day regimen of upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (study period 2). Serial blood samples for measurement of bupropion and hydroxybupropion plasma concentrations were collected in each study period. The central values (90% confidence intervals) for the ratios of change were 0.87 (0.79‐0.96) for bupropion maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), 0.92 (0.87‐0.98) for bupropion area under the plasma‐concentration time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf), 0.78 (0.72‐0.85) for hydroxybupropion Cmax, and 0.72 (0.67‐0.78) for hydroxybupropion AUCinf when administered with, relative to when administered without, upadacitinib. After multiple‐dose administration of upadacitinib 30 mg once daily, upadacitinib mean ± SD AUC0‐24 was 641 ± 177 ng·h/mL, and Cmax was 83.3 ± 30.7 ng/mL. These results confirm that upadacitinib has no relevant effect on pharmacokinetics of substrates metabolized by CYP2B6.
Recent Advances in Graphene Patterning
Authors: Wei Tao , Bao Lipiao , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: July 2020

As an emerging field of research, graphene patterning has received considerable attention because of its ability to tailor the structure of graphene and the respective properties, aiming at practical applications such as electronic devices, catalysts, and sensors. Recent efforts in this field have led to the development of a variety of different approaches to pattern graphene sheets, providing a multitude of graphene patterns with different shapes and sizes. These established patterning techniques in combination with graphene chemistry have paved the road towards highly attractive chemical patterning approaches, establishing a very promising and vigorously developing research topic. In this review, an overview of commonly used strategies is presented that are categorized into top‐down and bottom‐up routes for graphene patterning, focusing mainly on new advances. Other than the introduction of basic concepts of each method, the advantages/disadvantages are compared as well. In addition, for the first time, an overview of chemical patterning techniques is outlined. At the end, the challenges and future perspectives in the field are envisioned.