bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A step towards optimal efficiency of HbA1c measurement as a first-line laboratory test: the TOP-HOLE (Towards OPtimal glycoHemOgLobin tEsting) project
Authors: Pasqualetti Sara , Carnevale Assunta , Dolci Alberto , Panteghini Mauro
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The TOP-HOLE (Towards OPtimal glycoHemOgLobin tEsting) project aimed to validate the HbA1c enzymatic method on the Abbott Alinity c platform and to implement the HbA1c testing process on the total laboratory automation (TLA) system of our institution.

Methods

Three different measuring systems were employed: Architect c4000 stand-alone (s-a), Alinity c s-a, and Alinity c TLA. Eight frozen whole blood samples, IFCC value-assigned, were used for checking trueness. A comparison study testing transferability of HbA1c results from Architect to Alinity was also performed. The alignment of Alinity TLA vs. s-a was verified and the measurement uncertainty (MU) estimated according to ISO 20914:2019. Turnaround time (TAT) and full time equivalent (FTE) were used as efficiency indicators.

Results

For HbA1c concentrations covering cut-offs adopted in clinical setting, the bias for both Architect and Alinity s-a was negligible. When compared with Architect, Alinity showed a mean positive bias of 0.54 mmol/mol, corresponding to a mean difference of 0.87%. A perfect alignment of Alinity TLA to the Alinity s-a was shown, and a MU of 1.58% was obtained, widely fulfilling the desirable 3.0% goal. After the full automation of HbA1c testing, 90% of results were released with a maximum TAT of 1 h, 0.30 FTE resource was also saved.

Conclusions

The traceability of Alinity HbA1c enzymatic assay to the IFCC reference system was correctly implemented. We successfully completed the integration of the HbA1c testing on our TLA system, without worsening the optimal analytical performance. The shift of HbA1c testing from s-a mode to TLA significantly decreased TAT.
Intelligent controller for maximum power extraction of wind generation systems using ANN
Authors: Belkhiri Driss , Elmahni Lahoussine , El Moutawakil Alaoui My Rachid
Published: January 2022

The generation of clean energy from wind has recently received huge attention. Thanks to the current advances of adaptive algorithms due to their benefits and flexibility. The paper introduces a new smart radial basis function (RBF) neural network to extract the optimal energy from wind for wind energy conversion systems. This scheme uses the electrical energy of the doubly fed induction-generator (DFIG) as an input in wind turbines drives a DFIG to acquire maximum energy from the available wind under uncertainties and fast-changing wind conditions. Thus, to prove the quality of our proposed intelligent scheme, a comparative study with conventional optimum power is applied to a wind turbine driving a class of 1.5 MW DFIG during the transient operation. Furthermore, the analysis and the interpretation of raw and processed real measured data using the process of linear interpolation through Matlab/Simulink illustrate the relevance and the performance of the sensorless controller for the overall wind turbine system. Briefly, the numerical simulation studies show that a good efficiency and improved tracking of the smart RBF-neural network controller when implemented online below the real wind speed despite the unknown parameters.
Expected or unexpected clinical findings in liver glycogen storage disease type IX: distinct clinical and molecular variability
Authors: İnci Aslı , Kılıç Yıldırım Gonca , Cengiz Ergin Filiz Başak , Sarı Sinan , Eğritaş Gürkan Ödül , Okur İlyas , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Bükülmez Ayşegül , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Dalgıç Buket , Tümer Leyla
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To reveal the different clinical presentations of liver glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX), which is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous type of glycogenosis.

Methods

The data from the electronic hospital records of 25 patients diagnosed with liver GSD IX was reviewed. Symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory and molecular analysis were assessed.

Results

Of the patients, 10 had complaints of short stature in the initial presentation additionally other clinical findings. Elevated serum transaminases were found in 20 patients, and hepatomegaly was found in 22 patients. Interestingly, three patients were referred due to neurodevelopmental delay and hypotonia, while one was referred for only autism. One patient who presented with neurodevelopmental delay developed hepatomegaly and elevated transaminases during the disease later on. Three of the patients had low hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine values that were near the lowest reference range. Two patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. Three patients developed osteopenia during follow-up, and one patient had osteoporosis after puberty. The most common gene variant, PHKA2, was observed in 16 patients, 10 variants were novel and six variants were defined before. Six patients had variants in PHKG2, two variants were not defined before and four variants were defined before. PHKB variants were found in three patients. One patient had two novel splice site mutations in trans position. It was revealed that one novel homozygous variant and one defined homozygous variant were found in PHKB.

Conclusions

This study revealed that GSD IX may present with only hypotonia and neurodevelopmental delay without liver involvement in the early infantile period. It should be emphasized that although liver GSDIX is thought of as a benign disease, it might present with multisystemic involvement and patients should be screened with echocardiography, bone mineral densitometry, and psychometric evaluation.
Forgiveness as an Approach to the History of Philosophy
Authors: Gazit Yael
Published: January 2022

In the past, Robert Brandom’s philosophy has provided fruitful grounds for the development of an approach to the history of philosophy. InA Spirit of Trust (2019), however, this approach takes a new form; one that corresponds to a shift of focus in Brandom’s philosophy, from his earlier inferentialism to its later developments in the thesis of rational recollection. This article aims to elucidate and explicate this new approach, which Brandom refers to asforgiveness. By looking into the thesis of rational recollection, the article examines the back-looking attitude that Brandom argues for and how it can be applied to past philosophy. To better understand the novelty of this approachas forgiveness, the article considers other names that Brandom ascribes to this process, which interestingly correspond to different genres in the historiography of philosophy. Lastly, the article discusses whether such a forgiving approach leaves room for criticism and mistakes.
The appliability of systemic functional linguistics and its role in discipline integration
Authors: Zhang Delu , Hu Ruiyun
Published: January 2022

The present article aims to investigate the model and significance of discipline integration based on the appliability of systemic functional linguistics. To this end, it first describes the inevitability of the emergence of social semiotics; then it explores the six appliable characteristics of social semiotics: sociality, systemicness, applicability, transdisciplinarity, dynamicity, and multimodality. It next studies the basic conditions of discipline integration and the models of integration. After that, it investigates the basic model of discipline integration in systemic functional linguistics, which includes four basic types: direct application, borrowing, complementarity, and backwashing. It finally examines the model of the discipline integration process, including choice of a theme, choice of problems to be solved, choice of applicable disciplines, the contextualization of disciplines to be integrated; and the effect of the discipline integration in solving problems is also discussed. It is hoped that this study will shed light on cross-disciplinary or transdisciplinary research.
Photonic neuromorphic technologies in optical communications
Authors: Argyris Apostolos
Published: January 2022

Machine learning (ML) and neuromorphic computing have been enforcing problem-solving in many applications. Such approaches found fertile ground in optical communications, a technological field that is very demanding in terms of computational speed and complexity. The latest breakthroughs are strongly supported by advanced signal processing, implemented in the digital domain. Algorithms of different levels of complexity aim at improving data recovery, expanding the reach of transmission, validating the integrity of the optical network operation, and monitoring data transfer faults. Lately, the concept of reservoir computing (RC) inspired hardware implementations in photonics that may offer revolutionary solutions in this field. In a brief introduction, I discuss some of the established digital signal processing (DSP) techniques and some new approaches based on ML and neural network (NN) architectures. In the main part, I review the latest neuromorphic computing proposals that specifically apply to photonic hardware and give new perspectives on addressing signal processing in optical communications. I discuss the fundamental topologies in photonic feed-forward and recurrent network implementations. Finally, I review the photonic topologies that were initially tested for channel equalization benchmark tasks, and then in fiber transmission systems, for optical header recognition, data recovery, and modulation format identification.
Block copolymer gyroids for nanophotonics: significance of lattice transformations
Authors: Park Haedong , Jo Seungyun , Kang Byungsoo , Hur Kahyun , Oh Sang Soon , Ryu Du Yeol , Lee Seungwoo
Published: January 2022

A gyroid crystal possesses a peculiar structural feature that can be conceptualized as a triply periodic surface with a constant mean curvature of zero. The exotic optical properties such as the photonic bandgap and optical chirality can emerge from this three-dimensional (3D) morphological feature. As such, gyroid crystals have been considered as the promising structures for photonic crystals and optical metamaterials. To date, several methods have been proposed to materialize gyroid crystals, including 3D printing, layer-by-layer stacking, two-photon lithography, interference lithography, and self-assembly. Furthermore, the discovery of Weyl points in gyroid crystals has further stimulated these advancements. Among such methods, the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) is unique, because this soft approach can provide an easy-to-craft gyroid, especially at the nanoscale. The unit-cell scale of a gyroid ranging within 30–300 nm can be effectively addressed by BCP self-assembly, whereas other methods would be challenging to achieve this size range. Therefore, a BCP gyroid has provided a material platform for metamaterials and photonic crystals functioning at optical frequencies. Currently, BCP gyroid nanophotonics is ready to take the next step toward topological photonics beyond the conventional photonic crystals and metamaterials. In particular, the intrinsic lattice transformations occurring during the self-assembly of BCP into a gyroid crystal could promise a compelling advantage for advancing Weyl photonics in the optical regime. Lattice transformations are routinely considered as limitations, but in this review, we argue that it is time to widen the scope of the lattice transformations for the future generation of nanophotonics. Thus, our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the gyroid crystal and its lattice transformations, the relevant optical properties, and the recent progress in BCP gyroid self-assembly.
Nonlinear thermal lensing of high repetition rate ultrafast laser light in plasmonic nano-colloids
Authors: Agiotis Leonidas , Meunier Michel
Published: January 2022

We report on experimental observations of phenomenological self-trapping in plasmonic colloids of varying plasmon peaks in the visible/near infrared. A femtosecond (fs) oscillator is used in both pulsed (35 fs, 76 MHz) and continuous wave (cw) operation for comparison. We show that for both modes and for all examined colloids (and under typically applied external focusing conditions in self-trapping studies in colloidal media) nonlinear propagation is governed by thermal defocusing of the focused beam, which precedes the steady-state regime reached by particle diffusion, even far from the plasmon resonance (or equivalently for non-plasmonic colloids, even for low absorption coefficients). A strategy for the utilization of high repetition fs pulses to mitigate thermal lensing and promote gradient force-induced self-trapping is discussed. Notably, nonlinear thermal lensing is further accompanied by natural convection due to the horizontal configuration of the setup. Under resonant illumination, for both fs and cw cases, we observe mode break-up of the beam profile, most likely due to azimuthal modulation instability. Importantly, time-resolved observations of the break-up indicate that in the fs case, thermal convection heat transfer is reduced in magnitude and significantly decoupled in time from thermal conduction, presumably due to temperature increase confinement near the particles. We anticipate that our findings will trigger interest toward the use of high repetition fs pulses for self-channeling applications in nano-colloids.
Weltverhalten
Authors: Eickhoff Hajo
Published: January 2022

Erst, wenn Menschen ihr Wissen und Können so weit entwickelt haben, dass sie so stark in sich und in die Welt eingreifen können, dass sie zur zerstörerischen Naturkraft werden und die Gegenwart zum Anthropozän machen, und erst, wenn krankmachende Mikroorganismen ebenso rasch um die Welt reisen wie Waren und Millionen von Menschen, können Pandemien entstehen. Umweltzerstörung, Klimawandel und Pandemie gehören zusammen. Doch gegen das entfremdete Handeln des Menschen entwickelt sich ein neues Weltverhalten: Als Folge der unheilvollen Entwicklung für das Leben auf der Erde macht es eine praktische und poetische Haltung des Respekts, der Verantwortung und des aktiven Lassens möglich.
„Als das kleine Virus tanzte ...“
Authors: Stroß Annette Miriam
Published: January 2022

Am Beginn des Jahres 2020 führten die Worst-Case-Szenarien von Virologen innerhalb weniger Wochen dazu, in Deutschland eine – politische – Ausnahmesituation zu erzeugen. Unterstützt wurde diese durch eine weitgehend einheitliche mediale Berichterstattung. So schienen Angst und Panik binnen kürzester Zeit zur normalen wie auch (einzig) moralisch legitimen Reaktionsweise von Millionen von Menschen zu gehören. Und dies, obwohl der weitaus überwiegende Teil der Bevölkerung gar nicht zur Gruppe der an diesem Virus schwer oder schwerst Erkrankten gehört(e). Der nachstehende Essay schildert Eindrücke vom Beginn der sog. Corona-Pandemie kurz vor und nach dem ersten „Lockdown“ in Deutschland im März 2020. Er verweist auf die ersten öffentlichen Beiträge von Wissenschaftler.innen aus nichtmedizinischer Sicht und erinnert an die Aufgabe der Bildungswissenschaften, auch und gerade in Krisenzeiten eine den Menschen in seiner Menschlichkeit stärkende Perspektive anzubieten. Worin diese konkret bestehen kann, soll im Folgenden näher beleuchtet werden.
The Work of Art in the Age of its Sanitized Fruition
Authors: Desideri Fabrizio , Zingaro Vincenzo , Portera Mariagrazia
Published: January 2022

For almost two years now the COVID-19 pandemic impacted in most different forms habits, models of organization, socio-political dynamics and economic assets. Arrangements and orders taking decades to reach stabilization have demonstrated an unsuspected precarity, demanding a profound reorganization of dynamics we had been long accustomed to. As the distant, sanitized character of interaction, transmission, fruition and creation processes has turned from a contingent measure into the unamenable norm of these days’ routine, every aspect of social interaction is changing accordingly. “Contact”, “contagion”, “proximity” and “distance” are not features of a transient period anymore: they are keywords of today’s experience. Indeed, while these concepts were already at stake in masscommunication and social media, it was not before nowadays that their precipitate on art forms could be taken into account more pristinely, for especially performative arts never had to amend their “familiar ground” in order to pursue their goals. Hence, how did artforms adjust themselves to wholly new forms of participation? What are we supposed to expect next? The main aim of this paper is to sketch out, relying on some classical loci of the history of Western aesthetics such as Plato, Aloïs Riegl, Walter Benjamin, this new, re-configured notion of aesthetic and artistic experience in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Combating the Education Pandemic in Africa
Authors: Omolewa Michael , Adejo Adetola
Published: January 2022

The disruptions in Africa including underdevelopment, poverty, disease, ignorance, instability, are said to have constituted a serious pandemic, and the causes of the pandemic have been variously described as consequences of colonialism, neo-colonialism, military incursion, poor leadership and corruption. This paper argues that the absence of mass education may be considered as a pandemic. It further contends that the failure to offer the population mass education, beginning with the basic literacy programmes is serious educational pandemic. That pandemic could explain much of the problems and afflictions in Africa and the breakdown of the society, long before the contemporary COVID-19. The study relied on interviews, articles and books using the descriptive approach as a methodology. The authors found out that the absence of mass education has consequences such as unemployment, low life expectancy, poverty trap and exploitation among others. The study recommends that training structures at all levels need to ensure there is always a built-in link between literacy and students’ professional activities, including the different elements of their environment. It also recommends that the vision for mass education itself needs to be more inclusive of and responsive to other areas of life to improve the guarantee of adjustment to globalization, rapid change and new challenges.
Pandemie und Freiheit
Authors: Bernecker Roland
Published: January 2022

Wir haben die Covid-19 Pandemie nicht nur als eine medizinische Krise erlebt, sondern auch als eine Krise der Freiheit. Die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Corona-Virus waren Ergebnisse politischer Abwägungen, in denen auch Grundfreiheiten zur Disposition standen. Die Pandemie und die auf sie reagierenden politischen Strategien der Gegenwehr haben auf eine ungewohnte Weise in unser Erleben von Räumen individueller und interpersonaler Freiheit eingewirkt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie die Strategien zur Bewältigung der Pandemie politisch vermittelt wurden, welche Wahrnehmungen sie hervorriefen und was sich an ihnen über die globale Krise des Liberalismus und ein global sich wandelndes Verständnis von Governance ablesen lässt.
Behaviour of DGA and Ln resin with alpha radiation dose
Authors: Malmbeck Rikard , Banik Nidhu Lal
Published: January 2022

In this work the separation efficiency of the DGA and Ln extraction chromatographic resins has been investigated as a function of absorbed dose induced by alpha radiation. It was found that the resins show good stability towards alpha radiolysis, both maintaining high weight distribution ratios (and resin capacity factors) with the absorbed dose, calculated as if the complete alpha energy would be absorbed only in the resin material. However, the results obtained for Ln resin indicates that the method used in this work (extractive distribution ratio) to investigate alpha radiolytic behaviour is not appropriate. The reason is likely the strong acid dependency of this particular extraction system. The behaviour of the DGA resin towards alpha radiolysis was compared to alpha radiolysis in ordinary liquid-liquid extraction of an organic solvent based on the same extractant, TODGA, dissolved in n-dodecan. It was found that the alpha radiolysis rate of TODGA is about 5 times higher in liquid-liquid extraction where the complete energy of the alpha particle is deposited within the solvent, compared to the DGA resin. This indicates that in the heterogeneous DGA resin system, only 20% of the alpha energy is actually deposited to the organic solvent layered onto the particles of the DGA resin.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for T-Hardy-Rodgers Contraction Mappings in Complete Cone b-Metric Spaces with an Application
Authors: Shashi Pauline , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2022

This paper presents some fixed point theorems for T-Hardy-Rodgers contraction mappings in complete cone b-metric spaces without the assumption of normality conditions. We prove the existence of the common fixed point in complete cone b-metric spaces for the continuous self mappings. Our results generalize many recent known results in metric spaces, b-metric spaces and cone metric spaces in the literature.
A new compilation method of general standard test load spectrum for aircraft engine
Authors: Lu Qi , Sun Zhigang , Xu Cong , Zhao Sheng , Song Yingdong
Published: January 2022

Based on the existing compilation technology of load spectrum, this paper proposed a new method for the compilation of the general standard test load spectrum of aircraft engine. On the premise of meeting operating requirements of the actual condition and the basic life test, it simplifies the test load conditions and overcomes the shortage of the existing technology. According to the actual flight of aircraft engine, the load spectrum of a flight mission profile was divided into three parts: the take-off phase, the middle-flight phase, and the landing phase. The proposed compilation method ensures that the generated load spectrum of the take-off phase and landing phase is consistent with the actual flight, and the load spectrum of the middle-flight phase is programmed according to a certain method so that a simple load cycle sequence can be implemented. On that basis, the load spectrum was analyzed and compiled by subsection. The general standard test load spectrum lays the foundation for carrying out the life test and reduces the error between the test and practical use. Since the parameters of the engine load are standardized in the process of compiling, the method can be widely used in various types of engines.
Nachhaltigkeit im genossenschaftlichen Wertesystem
Authors: Bouten Christiane , Wiedemann Arnd
Published: January 2022

Das genossenschaftliche Geschäftsmodell ist aufgrund seiner Wertestruktur in besonderem Maße vom Zusammenspiel ökonomischer, ökologischer und sozialer Nachhaltigkeit geprägt. Der Wertewandel in der Gesellschaft und die sich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen sind für Genossenschaftsbanken daher grundsätzlich vorteilhaft. Durch das CSR-Richtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetz (CSR-RUG) sind auch große Kreditinstitute dazu verpflichtet, ihre externe Berichterstattung um eine nichtfinanzielle Erklärung zu erweitern. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung von 20 CSR-RUG-pflichtigen Genossenschaftsbanken über den Zeitraum von 2017 bis 2019. Die Analyse zeigt, dass zumeist ein standardisiertes Berichtsformat und ein hoher Berichtsumfang gewählt werden. Dadurch wird das Potenzial einer adressatengerechten Kommunikation noch nicht völlig ausgeschöpft.
Structured professional judgment tool in assessing fitness to stand trial
Authors: Prpa Teodora , Moulden Heather M , Taylor Liane , Chaimowitz Gary
Published: January 2022

In this letter, the authors review briefly the concept of assessing fitness to stand trial and the benefit of developing a structured professional judgment tool.
Greats: Learning Strategies of Master Forensic Psychiatrists
Authors: Glancy Graham , Miller Daniel
Published: January 2022

For forensic psychiatry to thrive as a profession, practitioners need to be committed to intentional, continuous learning and development throughout their careers. However, carving their way through the challenges of practice and finding room to grow can be daunting. Research can help lessen this burden by examining the careers of experienced and skilled practitioners, identifying the factors that influenced their development, and the strategies they used to direct it. To date, little research of this kind has been conducted in forensic psychiatry. In this study, we used the deliberate practice model of elite performance as a heuristic to interpret the accounts of several experienced and distinguished practitioners, revealing and characterizing the influences and activities they identify as having been most important to their development. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with six participants from across North America who started their forensic careers between 1965 and 1980. Transcripts were analyzed using directed content analysis. Participants cited little in the way of highly structured activities designed specifically to improve performance. They instead described using opportunities to learn from real casework and additional knowledge pursuits, as well as using deliberate career management to structure the conditions of their work-based learning. They also stressed the effect of entering forensic practice during a period of increasing interest, demand and investment, which yielded early opportunities to learn through practice. We discuss limitations in the deliberate practice model’s capacity to capture key learning strategies in forensic psychiatry, connections between work-based learning and the discipline’s general historical trajectory, and the role of career management in professional development strategies.
Ethics, Risk and Recovery
Authors: Ferencz Joseph
Published: January 2022

The practice of recovery-oriented care with individuals who have been found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible, and who are subject to review board dispositions, presents a variety of ethical tensions. The assessment and management of risk in a rehabilitative context raises issues related to autonomy, confidentiality and conflicting roles. Awareness of and, where possible, resolution of these conflicts is necessary for the success of the recovery paradigm in this context.
Forensic Psychiatry in Pakistan: An Update
Authors: Malik Wajahat Ali , Arnold Cameron , Vithiananthan Ahila , Hassan Tariq
Published: January 2022

Pakistan is a lower-middle income country in South Asia where forensic psychiatry is often not recognized as a distinct subspecialty of psychiatry. Although evolution toward this direction has begun, more development in this field is needed. Before Pakistan’s Mental Health Ordinance of 2001, much of the mental health legislation and intitutional infrastructure pertaining to the mentally ill offender can be traced back to the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. The past two decades have witnessed important legal developments in the role of psychiatry in Pakistan’s criminal justice system. This has been seen through the devolution of health-care provision and by an extension of psychiatric service provision from the federation (federal government) to the four provinces. Despite the sparse resources allocated to psychiatry, competent yet scarce psychiatry residents are graduating from Pakistan’s accredited residency programs with an interest in forensic psychiatry. The objective of this article is to reflect on the past, while examining the current state of existing forensic mental health in Pakistan. This article will also address the future trajectory of forensic psychiatry in Pakistan and supports the establishment of forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty in Pakistan.
Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens Is under Tonic Inhibition by Adenosine A1Receptors Regulated by Astrocytic ENT1 and Dysregulated by Ethanol
Authors: Roberts Bradley M. , Lambert Elizabeth , Livesey Jessica A. , Wu Zhaofa , Li Yulong , Cragg Stephanie J.
Published: January 2022

Striatal adenosine A1receptor (A1R) activation can inhibit dopamine release. A1Rs on other striatal neurons are activated by an adenosine tone that is limited by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) that is enriched on astrocytes and is ethanol sensitive. We explored whether dopamine release in nucleus accumbens core is under tonic inhibition by A1Rs, and is regulated by astrocytic ENT1 and ethanol. Inex vivostriatal slices from male and female mice, A1R agonists inhibited dopamine release evoked electrically or optogenetically and detected using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, most strongly for lower stimulation frequencies and pulse numbers, thereby enhancing the activity-dependent contrast of dopamine release. Conversely, A1R antagonists reduced activity-dependent contrast but enhanced evoked dopamine release levels, even for single optogenetic pulses indicating an underlying tonic inhibition. The ENT1 inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine reduced dopamine release and promoted A1R-mediated inhibition, and, conversely, virally mediated astrocytic overexpression of ENT1 enhanced dopamine release and relieved A1R-mediated inhibition. By imaging the genetically encoded fluorescent adenosine sensor [GPCR-activation based (GRAB)-Ado], we identified a striatal extracellular adenosine tone that was elevated by the ENT1 inhibitor and sensitive to gliotoxin fluorocitrate. Finally, we identified that ethanol (50 mm) promoted A1R-mediated inhibition of dopamine release, through diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1. Together, these data reveal that dopamine output dynamics are gated by a striatal adenosine tone, limiting amplitude but promoting contrast, regulated by ENT1, and promoted by ethanol. These data add to the diverse mechanisms through which ethanol modulates striatal dopamine, and to emerging datasets supporting astrocytic transporters as important regulators of striatal function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine axons in the mammalian striatum are emerging as strategic sites where neuromodulators can powerfully influence dopamine output in health and disease. We found that ambient levels of the neuromodulator adenosine tonically inhibit dopamine release in nucleus accumbens core via adenosine A1receptors (A1Rs), to a variable level that promotes the contrast in dopamine signals released by different frequencies of activity. We reveal that the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on astrocytes limits this tonic inhibition, and that ethanol promotes it by diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1. These findings support the hypotheses that A1Rs on dopamine axons inhibit dopamine release and, furthermore, that astrocytes perform important roles in setting the level of striatal dopamine output, in health and disease.
Impaired Oligodendrocyte Maturation Is an Early Feature in SCA3 Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Schuster Kristen H. , Zalon Annie J. , Zhang Hongjiu , DiFranco Danielle M. , Stec Nicholas R. , Haque Zaid , Blumenstein Kate G. , Pierce Amanda M. , Guan Yuanfang , Paulson Henry L. , McLoughlin Hayley S.
Published: January 2022

Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 3 (SCA3), the most common dominantly inherited ataxia, is a polyglutamine neurodegenerative disease for which there is no disease-modifying therapy. The polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeat expansion in theATXN3gene results in expression of a mutant form of the ATXN3 protein, a deubiquitinase that causes selective neurodegeneration despite being widely expressed. The mechanisms driving neurodegeneration in SCA3 are unclear. Research to date, however, has focused almost exclusively on neurons. Here, using equal male and female age-matched transgenic mice expressing full-length human mutantATXN3, we identified early and robust transcriptional changes in selectively vulnerable brain regions that implicate oligodendrocytes in disease pathogenesis. We mapped transcriptional changes across early, mid, and late stages of disease in two selectively vulnerable brain regions: the cerebellum and brainstem. The most significant disease-associated module through weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed dysfunction in SCA3 oligodendrocyte maturation. These results reflect a toxic gain-of-function mechanism, asATXN3KO mice do not exhibit any impairments in oligodendrocyte maturation. Genetic crosses to reporter mice revealed a marked reduction in mature oligodendrocytes in SCA3-disease vulnerable brain regions, and ultrastructural microscopy confirmed abnormalities in axonal myelination. Further study of isolated oligodendrocyte precursor cells from SCA3 mice established that this impairment in oligodendrocyte maturation is a cell-autonomous process. We conclude that SCA3 is not simply a disease of neurons, and the search for therapeutic strategies and disease biomarkers will need to account for non-neuronal involvement in SCA3 pathogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite advances in spinocerebellar ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) disease understanding, much remains unknown about how the disease gene causes brain dysfunction ultimately leading to cell death. We completed a longitudinal transcriptomic analysis of vulnerable brain regions in SCA3 mice to define the earliest and most robust changes across disease progression. Through gene network analyses followed up with biochemical and histologic studies in SCA3 mice, we provide evidence for severe dysfunction in oligodendrocyte maturation early in SCA3 pathogenesis. Our results advance understanding of SCA3 disease mechanisms, identify additional routes for therapeutic intervention, and may provide broader insight into polyglutamine diseases beyond SCA3.
Powrót chłopomanii. O fascynacji folklorem we współczesnej polskiej prozie fantastycznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Mikinka Aleksandra Ewelina
Published: January 2022

The return of ‘folklore fashion’ and the renewed fascination with folk art can be seen at present in various spaces and culture-based texts. Following in the footsteps of Western countries that are now ‘reclaiming’ old beliefs, customs, and rites, Poland and other Slavic countries are reliving their ‘peasant mania’. These trends have also been reflected in contemporary fantasy literature; over the past twenty years, many novels have referred to the life and rituals of village dwellers (often from the Podlasie region). Folk-based beliefs, which are part of everyday life and culture, become the starting point for the construction of a surprising and ingenious storyline. This article compares the ‘folk’ novels that are linked through the type of main character – whisperers, witches, faith healers – who in some way symbolise the rural, the folk, the commoner-related.
Obraz społecznych ruchów kobiet na łamach prasy dla katoliczek w Polsce międzywojennej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Maj Ewa
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article was to show some aspects of women’s social movements and related press for Catholic women in the interwar Poland. Back then the religious press was an important part of publishing. Some of the papers were published directly for women. These periodicals were supporting national and religious values, were propagating the need to defend Poland and the Catholic faith against the immorality and cosmopolitism. The social movements of Polish Catholic women were strong, integrated and influenced among their members. They were showing the ideal of women in the country – both Polish-Catholic and the “Polish-Mother” – who is considered a secular apostole.
Regina Wasiak-Taylor – animatorka kultury, dziennikarka, prezes Związku Pisarzy Polskich na Obczyźnie w Londynie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to present Regina Wasiak-Taylor – a person of many talents, as a journalist, an efficient animator of the cultural life of the Polish diaspora in Great Britain, a president of the Union of Polish Writers Abroad [hereinafter: ZPPnO – Związek Pisarzy Polskich na Obczyźnie]. The following methods have been used: qualitative analysis of the press content, critical analysis of documents, heuristic analysis, interviews. We get to know Mrs Wasiak-Taylor’s scope of activity: involvement in the organisational life of the ZPPnO, in the Pamiętnik Literacki [Literary Memoir] edited in London, practicing socio-cultural journalism and literary criticism, writing scientific articles, popularisation of the emigration’s literary life and Polish ballet, organizing, among others, multimedia theatre and stage programmes – Poetic Scene [Scena Poetycka] at the Polish Social and Cultural Association [POSK – Polski Ośrodek Społeczno-Kulturalny] in London. Also: initiation of the Literary Parlour within the Polish Watchfire at the Exhibition Road, addressed to the Polish and international intelligentsia in London, active participation in international scientific conferences. Regina Wasiak-Taylor conducts editorial work on books. She is the author of readings, laudations, and her own publications: Dzieje Nagrody Literackiej ZPPnO 1951–2011 [The History of the Literary Award of the ZPPnO 1951–2011] (London 2011), Ojczyzna literatura [Literature Fatherland] (London 2013), Alfabet wspomnień Szymona Zaremby. II Rzeczpospolita, II wojna światowa, emigracja [Szymon Zaremba’s Alphabet of Memories, Second Polish Republic, World War II, emigration] (London 2015). She initiates and promotes books by Polish authors and moderates other meetings of literary and scientific circles at the Polish Embassy in London, at the International Book Fair in Warsaw and at literary events in various places.
Janina Jasicka i jej „archiwum zapośredniczone” Zarządu Wojewódzkiego Ligi Kobiet w Krakowie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Klich-Kluczewska Barbara
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the unique in terms of form and content archive of the post-war Krakow Provincial Board of the League of Women, which is a collection of documents of various nature and origin, preserved in the legacy of Janina Jasicka in the National Archives in Krakow. This heterogeneous collection has been called the “mediated archive” because it is a contradiction to the traditional, structured institutional archive, and its shape is the result of the deliberate choices of the intermediary, i.e. the chronicler of the Management. The randomness of the preserved materials means that the collections include, for example, unique photographs that are absent from other archives, or, for example, notes about individual activists, probably made only for private use.
Edukacyjna rola „Filipinki” w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Sokołowska Urszula
Published: January 2022

Filipinka was the most popular magazine addressed to girls and young women during the Polish People’s Republic. The journal was recognized as the “younger child” of the editorial office of Kobieta i Życie [Women and Life], and its first edition was published in 1957. In Filipinka, the bond between the editorial team and the readers was very important. The editorial office received hundreds of letters a day, and meticulously replied to all of them and did not shy away from expressing opinions and giving advice on the most intimate matters related to adolescence. Filipinka also provided widely understood counseling. Each issue was filled with issues related to fashion, beauty, external appearance and health. The editorial board of Filipinka educated young women on many levels of personal and social life. This article discusses issues related to education and science. Therefore, attempts were made to present the educational role played by the Filipinka in a literal way. In the journal, a lot of space was devoted to publishing press materials, providing actual information on recruitment requirements for schools and universities. On the other hand, by publishing specific press texts, a specific model of a young woman was disseminated in the pages of Filipinka – an ambitious, con scientious schoolgirl and student, and in the longer term – a committed and dedicated professional worker.
Przestępczość kobiet w Rosji
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Laskowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

The paper tackles the problem of criminology. The Author presents the phenomenon of women’s crime in Russia from 1990 till today. The structure of this kind of crime and its dynamics are also introduced. In addition, the Author focuses on its socio-economic, cultural and psychological as well as legal motives. Various ways of counteracting the women’s crime by both the government and society are also presented.
A literatura das margens: análise da letra da canção “A vingança” como valorização do rap nos estudos literários contemporâneos
Authors: Moretti de Barros Augusto , Souza Maldonado Rafaela
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, entendemos que a literatura das margens deve ocupar espaços de destaque nos trabalhos acadêmicos, pois é uma manifestação literária que representa perspectivas sobre temas importantes, como a discriminação e a violência, a partir de autores que vivenciam tais contextos e através de um trabalho linguístico que compõe de maneira muito significativa e particular as obras. Sob este viés, defendemos o trabalho com as letras de canções, mais especificamente de rap, para dar voz a esta literatura marginalizada, que apresenta características que a colocam no mesmo nível que as obras já consagradas. Para nossa investigação, selecionamos o rap “A vingança”, de 1998, composto e interpretado pelo grupo paulista Face da Morte. Em nossas análises, apresentamos como principais escolhas teóricas: Benjamin (1994) para tratar da construção narrativa; Pellegrini (2005) e Hollanda (2018) como fonte para abordar a temática da exclusão e da violência na literatura contemporânea; e Barthes (2000) como base para entender as escolhas linguísticas feitas pelo narrador. Assim, buscamos destacar de que maneira a letra do rap aborda a violência e constrói seus personagens dentro dessa temática.
A Case Report of Scapulothoracic Dissociation and Literature Review
Authors: Tang Fengning , Long Yong , Li Changluo , Ding Ning
Published: January 2022

Background: Scapulothoracic dissociation (STD) is a rare, life-threatening injury, usually resulting from high energy and leading to poor clinical outcomes and high incidence of disability. This case and a review of the literature aimed to highlight the early diagnosis and management of STD.
Case presentation: A 61-year-old man was injured in a motorcycle accident, when he took a sudden turn and fell from his motorcycle. He was admitted to the emergency department of Changsha Central Hospital. Based on the computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) findings, the patient was diagnosed as follows: right scapulothoracic dislocation syndrome, right subclavian artery rupture, right subclavian vein rupture, right clavicular fracture, right multiple rib fractures, and right lung contusion and laceration. An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene interposition graft was implemented in the right subclavian artery to re-establish continuity of the subclavian artery. Surgery was performed to repair thoracic deformity, and active rehabilitation therapy also was implemented after surgery. The patient was discharged from the hospital and recovered well with grade 4 muscle strength in his right arm.
Conclusions: Physicians should be vigilant for STD in all patients with shoulder girdle injury. DSA could be recommended for patients with unstable hemodynamics. Early diagnostic image tests and individualized management should be implemented, according to the patient’s condition.
Analysis of Risk Factors of Early Mortality After Pericardiectomy For Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Wen Zhao-ke , Yang Jian-rong , Li Jun-jun , Li Min , Lu Chang-chao , Liang Da-ying , Wei Cheng-xin
Published: January 2022

Background: We aimed to investigate risk factors of early mortality following pericardiectomy.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing pericardiectomy between January 1994 and May 2021 at The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, and The People’s Hospital of Liuzhou City.
Results: This study included 826 patients, who were divided into two groups: group with operative deaths (N = 66) and group without operative deaths (N = 760). There were 66 operative deaths (66/826, 8.0%). The causes of operative deaths were multiorgan failure (86/826, 10.4%). Preoperative CVP (P < 0.001), chest drainage (P < 0.001), surgical duration (P < 0.001), fluid balance postoperative day D2 (P < 0.001), and tuberculosis pericarditis (P = 0.001) in group with operative deaths were significantly higher than those in group without operative deaths.
Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that factors associated with operative deaths include male (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), ICU retention time (P < 0.001), postoperative hospitalization time (P < 0.001), preoperative central venous pressure (P = 0.018), postoperative central venous pressure (P < 0.001), D0 fluid balance (P < 0.001), D2 fluid balance (P < 0.001), postoperative chest drainage (P = 0.029), surgical duration (P = 0.003), serum creatinine baseline (P = 0.002), serum creatinine 24h after surgery (P < 0.001), serum creatinine 48h after surgery (P < 0.001), blood lactate (P < 0.001), and tuberculosis pericarditis (P = 0.033).
Conclusion: In our study, incomplete pericardial dissection, fluid overload, and tuberculosis pericarditis are associated with operative deaths following pericardiectomy.
On Using ANT for Studying Information Systems: A (Somewhat) Socratic Dialogue
Authors: Latour Bruno
Published: January 2022

Tai Bruno Latouro straipsnio, kuris parašytas kaip dialogas, „On Using ANT for Studying Information Systems: A (Some­what) Socratic Dialogue“ vertimas. Profesoriaus ir doktoranto dialogo metu atskleidžiamas veikėjo-tinklo-teorijos turinys, išdėstomas B. Latouro požiūris į refeksyvumą, struktūralistinį aiškinimą ir socialinių mokslų paskirtį. Pirmą kartą šį dialogą B. Latouras paskelbė 2004 m. C. Avgerou, C. Ciborra, F. F. Land sudarytoje knygoje The Social Study of Information and Communication Technology. Innovation, Actors, and Contexts(Oxford University Press).
Enjoyment and the Other in the Psychoanalytical Theory of Jacques Lacan
Authors: Pocius Kasparas
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the concept of enjoyment, proposed by Jacques Lacan, the French theoretician of psychoanalysis. The aim is to show the relation between the enjoyment and the other and to find a possibility to create different social relations in which the other (an individual or a group) is not an obstacle for individual or collective enjoyment but its foundation. In this article I develop the Lacanian argument of enjoyment how a plane of the Real, the possibility to meet the other as a person in everyday situations, allows an individual to maintain solidarity with that other person which before was his imaginary competitor.
Modification of Alkaloid Structure in the Conium Drug with Fullerenes C60
Authors: Zabolotnyi M.A. , Momot A.I. , Dovbeshko G.I. , Gnatyuk E.P. , Solyanyk G.I. , Dmytrenko O.P. , Kulish N.P. , Fedina K.V.
Published: January 2022

The antineoplastic drug Conium, whose active components are piperidine alkaloids, and the possibility of a modification of its properties by fullerenes C60 are studied. The IR spectra of the mixture of the drug Conium and a fullerene water solution are obtained. The spectral manifestation of the formation of a complex of fullerene with one of the alkaloids, namely γ-coniceine, is detected. The existence of the complex and its spectral characteristics are confirmed by quantum-chemical computations with a Gaussian program. Moreover, the IR spectra are calculated, and the conformations of γ-coniceine are studied.