bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring an invasive coconut rhinoceros beetle population using pheromone traps in Honiara, Solomon Islands
Authors: Paudel Sulav , Marshall Sean , Tsatsia Francis , Fanai Crispus , Kolubalona Max , Mansfield Sarah , Jackson Trevor
Published: August 2021

An invasive population of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros; CRB) was discovered in Honiara, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands in 2015. The beetle has caused severe damage to coconut palms in the outbreak area and its continued spread threatens the food security and livelihood of thousands of smallholder farmers in the region. Spread and abundance of the beetle were monitored using bucket traps baited with the aggregation pheromone, ethyl-4 methyloctanoate. Beetles were collected from traps approximately bi-weekly for two periods; one during 2017–18 and the other during 2019–2020. Trap catches showed that CRB was present throughout the whole survey region with significantly higher numbers of female CRB trapped than males. Results indicate a significant 1.5-fold increase in CRB trap catch numbers from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020 despite control efforts. The number of CRB adults trapped also varied between sites and months during both time periods but with no clear patterns. Removal of breeding sites along with strong local quarantine should remain the top priority of the local government to contain CRB expansion within Solomon Islands and beyond.
The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment Oriented Economic Growth in Uganda: An Empirical Study Based on VAR Model
Authors:   Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China, Barbra Nabyonga , Nawaz Hina
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic growth as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over Uganda, from 1980-2018. Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Granger Causality test were used. The results show thatlag 1 is the optimal lag hence bivariate VAR (1) model was used. GDP and FDI exhibits long-term equilibrium since the two-time series are cointegrated in long run. The causality test indicates that there exists a unilateral relationship between FDI and GDP, and FDI causes GDP growth and not vice versa. Understanding these causality links can help in future forecasting of Uganda's economic growth.
Theoretical Framework for Research on the Factors Affecting the Moral Hazard in Banking Operation
Authors:   National Economics University (Vietnam), Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade (Vietnam), Xuan Ngo Thanh , Linh Do Hoai , Anh Khuc The , Anh Nguyen Khoa Duc
Published: August 2021

There are many types of risks related to banking operations such as credit risk, interest risk, operational risk. Problems related to moral hazard have led to considerable setbacks for the economy in general and banking system in particular. Besides, moral hazard is an economic and financial terminology and is used to denote the risk generated from the deterioration in ethical conduct. Hence, authors aim at reviewing theoretical framework for determinants impacting moral hazard in banks.
Negotiating social meanings in a plural society: social perceptions of variants of /l/ in Singapore English
Authors: Sim Jasper Hong
Published: August 2021

This study illustrates how differential speech features that emerged from language contact and acquisition in a linguistically and culturally pluralistic society can accrue diverse social-indexical meanings over time. The social perceptions towards three variants of coda /l/ in Singapore English, namely dark-l, the variant associated with prescriptive norms, and clear-l and vocalised-l, which are variants that arose through language contact, were examined. The findings revealed that the meanings of the local variants are equally diverse, but have evolved differently; vocalised-l is an emerging local standard, whereas clear-l remained largely stigmatised. The diverse meanings are also shown to be connected by social factors within a larger network of interrelated signs, and that their interpretations are dependent on the hearer’s experiences, such that we are observing different parts of the sociolinguistic reality. Restricted experiences with the social world and regulation of social perception were also shown to potentially contribute to accent-based prejudices.
Paper Maps: Improving the Readability of Scientific Papers via Concept Maps
Authors: Amabili Lorenzo , Sultanum Nicole
Published: August 2021

Given the wealth of scientific publications, perusing papers is becoming a larger and more complex burden, especially for junior researchers. In this work, we suggest a visualization-based method to mitigate this problem via the use of paper maps, i.e., concept maps for the summarization of scientific papers. We provide design principles of paper maps and discuss design considerations based on exploratory design studies. We also conducted an initial evaluation for assessing the effectiveness of paper maps in summarizing scientific papers, suggesting that paper maps can improve the readability of scientific papers.
Bayesian Mindsponge Framework
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri
Published: August 2021

Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF, also known as Bayesian Mindsponge analytical approach) is an analytical approach that employs the mindsponge information-processing mechanism and Bayesian analysis (e.g. bayesvl package) as each other’s complement to conduct cognitive and psychological research.
Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. VEGFA expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. VEGFA expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of VEGFA is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. VEGFA may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
The Investigation of Social Studies Prospective Teachers’ Environmental Education Self-Efficacy in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: KAYA Mehmet Tamer , Naher Nurun , YAZICI Hakkı
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate prospective teachers' environmental education self-efficacy in terms of various variables. Survey method was applied in the study, and the data were collected in the 2015-2016 academic year. The study group of the paper consisted of 172 prospective teachers from each grade level who are studying in Social Studies Department, Faculty of Education, Afyon Kocatepe University. The data of the study were collected with the environmental education self-efficacy scale developed by Özdemir, Aydın and Akar-Vural. (2009). The 5-point Likert scale consisted of 15 items and had four sub-dimensions. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that prospective teachers' self-efficacy perceptions of environmental education were moderate and prospective teachers' self-efficacy perception levels did not show a significant difference according to gender and grade level variables.
Using big data from long-form recordings to study development and optimize societal impact
Authors: Cychosz Meg , Cristia Alejandrina
Published: August 2021

Big data are everywhere. In this chapter, we focus on one source: long-form, child-centered recordings collected using wearable technologies. Because these recordings are simultaneously unobtrusive and encompassing, they may be a break-through technology for clinicians and researchers from several diverse fields. We demonstrate this possibility by outlining three applications for the recordings---clinical treatment, large-scale interventions, and language documentation---where we see the greatest potential. We argue that incorporating these recordings into basic and applied research will result in more equitable treatment of patients, more reliable measurements of the effects of interventions on real-world behavior, and deeper scientific insights with less observational bias. We conclude by outlining a proposal for a semi-structured online platform where vast numbers of long-form recordings could be hosted and more representative, less biased algorithms could be trained.
Familial Mechanisms Linking COVID-19 Lockdown with Mental Health Problems in Singaporean Children and Adolescents
Authors: Yu Yue , Zheng Yao , Chua Jallene Jia En , Yang Yang
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and related confinement measures have profound impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents. This study investigated familial mechanisms underlying such impacts by studying the unique case of Singapore, which has undergone a period of local transmission without many restrictions (February–March 2020), followed by a nationwide lockdown (April–May 2020). In June 2020, we collected retrospective reports on everyday activities, social relationships, and mental health of 164 children and adolescents (Mage = 14.3, Range = 7-18, 49% female) across three timepoints: Pre-pandemic, Pre-lockdown, and Lockdown. Parental mental health, parenting values and practices were also collected. Multilevel modelling showed increased mental health problems in children from Pre-pandemic to Pre-lockdown, and from Pre-lockdown to Lockdown. Mediation analyses indicated that the increase in children’s mental health problems from Pre-pandemic to Pre-lockdown was partially explained by a decrease in time spent outdoors, an increase in their conflict with fathers, and an increase in their mothers’ mental health problems, with the last factor being the only significant mediator when all three factors were considered simultaneously. The increase in children’s mental health problems from Pre-lockdown to Lockdown was partially explained by a further increase in their mother’s mental health problems. These findings suggest that lockdown measures issued by authority may lead to further deterioration of children’s mental health beyond the pandemic itself. Multiple personal and familial factors may underlie these deteriorations, among which maternal mental health could be especially influential and should be targeted in family support service and intervention.
Performance evaluation of some rain attenuation prediction models at coastal locations at 12 and 40 GHz
Authors:   Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria, Yussuff Abayomi Isiaka O. , Momoh Kabir ,   Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

This work concerns the evaluation of the performances of some selected rain attenuation models at two different locations in Lagos, Nigeria at 12 and 40 GHz. Scarcity of rainfall data in the tropical regions resulted in abysmal research efforts into the causes and solutions to satellite signal outages, this was further exacerbated by the convective tropical rain precipitations. The globally adopted ITU-R model, had been declared unsuitable for predicting rain attenuation in the tropics by several researchers in the literature. Two-year (January 2016 to December 2017) local rainfall data were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Services (NIMET) for two coastal stations (Ikeja and Oshodi). Rain attenuation exceeded for rain rate at 0.01% of the time, was computed after the 1-hour rain rate integration time which was sourced from NIMET was converted to 1-minute integration time. Attenuation exceeded for other percentages of time were also obtained using statistical interpolation and extrapolation methods. The collected data were tested with ITU-R, SST, SAM, DAH and Silva Mello et al. For Ikeja at 12 GHz, the SST was observed to closely match the measurement attenuation at 0.01%≤p≤1% of time exceeded; closely followed by Silver Mello. For Oshodi also at 12 GHz, SST intersected with the measured attenuation at 0.01%≤p≤0.03%, and p=0.1% of time. However, at 40 GHz, all the prediction models performed poorly by underestimating the measurement for Ikeja, although SST showed the best effort. The SST model matched the measurement, especially at p=0.03% and p=0.5% for Oshodi at 40 GHz, closely followed by Silva Mello which matched the measurement at p=0.05% and p=0.1%, while ITU-R, SAM and DAH largely underestimated the measurement. The SST was therefore affirmed the overall best performed rain attenuation prediction model for both stations at both frequency bands; closely followed by the Silva Mello. ITU-R, SAM and DAH on the other hand performed poorly. The findings arising from this work could present useful information to satellite equipment designers and manufacturers, while at the same time ensuring that service providers conform to the required service level agreements
Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb leaf meal on egg characteristics of Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Asolo Chioma Helen , Okeke John Joseph ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Mayie Francis Nnamdi ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Okpoko Valentine Obinna ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Ezeanekwu Raymond Orji ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odimegwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

A thirty-six weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of varying levels of Gmelina arborea on egg characteristics, using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety-six birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds each in a completely randomized design comprising of control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 50 g/kg; T2, 100 g/kg and T3, 150 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal. Feed and water were provided throughout the experimental period. Egg characteristics were the response criteria that were monitored and subjected to a one-way anova. There were significant (p<0.05) differences observed between treatments for mean egg number and egg shell weight, while no differences (p>0.05) were observed between treatments for eggs composition, weight of eggs, egg shell thickness, egg length, egg width, albumen height, albumen width, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk width, yolk weight. From this study, the egg laying performance and characteristics of eggs laid by birds suggested that among the treatments, up to 50 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal could be successfully included in quails’ diets without any adverse effect
SDSS J114818.18-013823.7: Forming Compact Dwarf Galaxy through the Dwarf-Dwarf Merger
Authors: Chhatkuli D. N. , Paudel S. , Gautam A. K. , Aryal B.
Published: August 2021

We studied the spectroscopic properties of the low redshift (z = 0.0130) interacting dwarf galaxy SDSS J114818.18-013823.7. It is a compact galaxy of half-light radius 521 parsec. It’s r-band absolute magnitude is -16.71 mag. Using a publicly available optical spectrum from the Sloan Sky Survey data archive, we calculated star-formation rate, emission line metallicity, and dust extinction of the galaxy. Star formation rate (SFR) due to Hα is found to be 0.118 Mʘ year-1 after extinction correction. The emission-line metallicity, 12+log(O/H), is 8.13 dex. Placing these values in the scaling relation of normal galaxies, we find that SDSS J114818.18-013823.7 is a significant outlier from both size-magnitude relation and SFR-B-band absolute relation. Although SDSS J114818.18-013823.7 possess enhance rate of star-formation, the current star-formation activity can persist several Giga years in the future at the current place and it remains compact.
Awareness and perception of epidural labor analgesia among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic in National Referral Hospital
Authors: Tshomo Tandin , Tenzin Karma , Tshering Jamphel
Published: August 2021

Aims: To assess the awareness and perception of labour epidural analgesia among pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic.
Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Study participants included pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic during 2nd and 3 rd trimester conducted from 21 st September 2018 till 20 th September 2019. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ethics approval was granted by the research Ethics Board of health, Bhutan.
Results: Total 450 parturients participated in this study; 61.4% of the participants knew that labour epidural services were available and 37.5% got information through media. A total of 57.3% of respondents had severe fear about labour pain; 62.4% had severe fear about delivery complication; 85.2% thought that epidural labour analgesia was a good method of pain relief; and 67% were willing to accept it for their current pregnancy. However, 86.6% would recommend epidural labour analgesia as an option of pain relief to other pregnant women.
Conclusion: Awareness about the availability of labour epidural analgesia services needs to be improved, as a majority of the parturient was keen to avail epidural analgesia after the information about its availability was provided.
Anti-mullerian hormone as an emerging promising marker in the prognosis of PCOS
Authors: Meena Anu , Kyal Amit , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Sharma Pragati
Published: August 2021

Aims: To correlation of AMH with clinical, hormonal and ultrasound findings; and determine the role of AMH as prognostic marker.
Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study on women attending Gynaecology outpatient department of Medial College and Hospital, Kolkata, from January 2018 to June 2019. Study comprised of 70 newly diagnosed cases of PCOS using Rotterdam criteria 2003. Clinical history included menstrual complaint, hirsutism and weight gain; examination included BMI and Ferriman-Gallwey score; and investigations included FBS, 2hr PPBS, TSH, Prolactin, total testosterone, LH, AMH level and pelvic USG before starting intervention and same parameters were rechecked after 3 months of treatment completion.
Results: A total of 70 PCOS patients were included in a study conducted within 1 year time period. The most common Phenotype in our study is Phenotype A (O+H+P) which was almost 85.71%, followed by Phenotype B (O+H) 7.14% and the least we got Phenotype C (H+P) that is 2.86%. There was statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in AMH level following treatment of PCOS (before treatment mean AMH level was 9.634.42 and after treatment the level was 5.812.77).
Conclusions: The most frequent PCOS phenotype in Indian women is A (O+H+P). Therapy in PCOS women with raised AMH reduces the AMH levels. Measurement of serum AMH provides a high specificity and sensitivity by which it can act as a prognostic marker for PCOS.
Association of laboratory parameters with chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gurung Ayeshna , Baral Reetu , Koirala Binit , Shrestha Suman Kumar
Published: August 2021

Aims: To analyze the Chest CT Scan and association of the severity score with the serum biomarkers D- dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Ferritin levels.
Methods: This is a retrospective study done from the database of Department of Radiology and Department of Pathology at Nobel medical college and teaching hospital during the peak of the second wave of the pandemic from 1st April 2021 to 31 st May 2021. Data for the Chest CT scan and lab parameters were analyzed and correlated. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review committee of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.
Results: A total of 263 cases of Chest CT scan were done in 2 months period who were diagnosed as cases of COVID 19. In this study the severity and scores were taken from the database in the Radiology department. The lab parameters like D-dimer, CRP, LDH and Ferritin levels were studied from the database in the lab. Age of the patients ranged from 19 to 89 years with maximum cases 68 (25.8%) seen in the age group of 50-59 years. According to the chest CT Scan the severity score was in between 11-15 in 92 (48.3%) cases. Fifty six cases showed abnormal levels of D-dimer, Ferritin, CRP and LDH. D-dimer was raised in 26 (46.4%), LDH was raised in 48 (87.2%) while Ferritin and CRP was also raised in all 56 cases.
Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the biomarkers and the Chest CT severity score. The severity of the disease with involvement of the lungs can be estimated by correlating with the lab parameters.
Clinical profile of Female Urinary Incontinence: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Shrestha Alka
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence of women attending gynae outdoor patient department.
Method: It is a prospective cross sectional study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital for three months. Types of incontinence, their presentation, associated factors, age and parity were the variables studied. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of 950 gynaecological out-patients, 97 had urinary incontinence(10.2%); 34.1% were in 50- 59 years and 37.2% were multipara. Stressurinary incontinence (SUI) was the most common incontinence (56.7%) followed by mixed urinary incontinence (22.7%) and urge urinary incontinence (20.6%). Common complaints were leakage during coughing (63.6%) and sneezing(18.2%) in SUI;urgency and frequency were main problem in mixed and urge urinary incontinence. Three-fourth cases had associated medical conditions and rest had gynecological factors.
Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is common in the fifth decade of life of women and more than half had stress incontinence.
Surgical Morbidity and its Associated Factors in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Bhagat Birendra
Published: August 2021

Aims: To estimate 30-day surgical morbidity in patients with ovarian carcinoma and identify its associated factors.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted at two cancer hospitals, from October 2020 to March 2021. All women with ovarian carcinoma that underwent surgery were enrolled in the study. Incidence of surgical complications was recorded. Patients were followed up to the 30 th day post- operatively. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the factors affecting surgical complications and their association was determined.
Results: A total of 31 patients were analyzed in this study. The incidence rate of surgical complications was 29%. Total 11 complications occurred in nine patients (one intra-operatively and 10 post-operatively). Post-operative complications were wound infection (n=4; 12.9%), urinary tract infection (n=2; 6.4%); one each had post-op ileus, hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis; and one mortality. Advancing age, increased Body Mass Index, primary surgery, higher surgical complexity score, increased operative time, increased blood loss, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, presence of chronic disease were associated with surgical morbidity; and their hospital stay was longer (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The common complications were wound infection and urinary tract infection.
Bladder Injury: A complication of Transobturator Tape Surgery
Authors: Shrestha Alka , Dangal Ganesh , Tiwari Kenusha Devi
Published: August 2021

Minimally invasive vaginal surgeries are often a preferred mode of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. It is associated with fewer complications. However, complications including hemorrhage, voiding dysfunction, infection, pain, skin infection and erosion, and bladder injuries are observed. We encountered intraoperative bladder injury in a 40-year-old female patient with stress urinary incontinence who underwent transobturator tape (TOT) surgery. Cystoscopy demonstrated a small defect post procedure. She was managed conservatively with foley catheterization for 2 weeks following TOT procedure. She was dry and continent upon follow up.
The Value of Hounsfield Unit in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for the Treatment of Renal Stone of 2-3 cm: A Single-center Prospective Pilot Study
Authors:   Department of Urology, Key laboratory of disease of Urological systems, Gansu Nepho-Urological clinical Center, Second hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, Li Yuzhuo
Published: August 2021

Background: To determine whether the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value of no-contrast computer computed tomography (NCCT) might offer better guidance in the selection of RIRS or PCNL in renal stones of 2-3 cm. Methods: A total of 158 patients with kidney stones (2-3 cm) who underwent PCNL/RIRS from March 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, stone sizes, locations, average HU value of stones, surgery time, hospital stay time, stone-free rate, and complications at the time of hospitalization and 3-month follow-up were measured to identify the surgery efficiency. Results: Upon consideration of the HU value, the mean surgery time was significantly decreased in RIRS comparing to the control RIRS (cRIRS) group (47.73 ± 15.52 vs. 72.41 ± 27.71 min, P < 0.05). Statistically, the surgery time was strongly influenced by the HU values both in RIRS (OR 93.8, P < 0.01) and PCNL (OR 8.21, P < 0.05). HU values proved to have a strong positive relation with surgery time in RIRS while a low positive relation in PCNL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, for renal stones of 2-3 cm, RIRS might be a safe and efficacious treatment option if the HU value and other parameters could be comprehensively accounted for. Individual precision surgery might provide ideal treatment and prognosis for patients requiring long-term continuous clinical procedures.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA dengan Metode Teams Assisted Individualization
Authors: Haddar Gamar Al , Novita Ayu
Published: August 2021

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of science through cooperative learning methods of the Teams Assisted Individualization type. In grade IVA students at SD10 010 Sungai Kukung in the 2018/2019 school year. This type of research is classroom action research with 34 research subjects. Data collection techniques used in this study were Observation, Test and Documentation. This research was conducted in 3 cycles and each cycle consisted of 2 meetings, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. The results showed that there was an increase in each cycle with the percentage in cycle I 32.35% then increased in cycle II to 58.82% and increased again in cycle III to 94.11%. Conclusions, while the results of the value of skills and attitude values ​​that include the value of social attitudes and spiritual attitudes also experience an increase in each aspect. Thus the Teams Assisted Individualization Method can improve student learning outcomes in Natural Sciences.

Keywords: Teams Assisted Individualization Method, Learning Outcomes
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Hadi Mario Sarwo
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the STAD type cooperative learning model on student physics learning outcomes on the Mechanical Wave material in class XI MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat T.P 2019/2020. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with a population of all students of class XI even semester at MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat. The research sample was taken 2 classes determined by random sampling technique, namely Class XI MIA 1 as an experimental class using the STAD type cooperative learning model and class XI MIA 2 as a control class using a conventional learning model. The results showed that the paired-sample t test in the table above obtained a t value of 4.247 > t table 2000 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005. In conclusion, there is a significant effect on the use of the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes on the subject matter of straight motion in class XI MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat.

Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Cooperative Learning Model, STAD
Pengembangan Modul Ilustratif Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Bermuatan Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Noperi Hendri , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Aminah Nonoh Siti
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to develop and determine the quality of the illustrative module of guided inquiry-based physics learning with character education. This research was a development research (R&D) which refers to the Borg & Gall model. The limited trial was carried out on 10 grade VII students and the expanded trial was carried out on 31 grade VIIA students at SMP Negeri 24 Surakarta. The data were taken using test techniques for cognitive learning outcomes, and observation techniques for character and psychomotor learning outcomes. Furthermore, it was analyzed by using two-sample paired t-test, while the psychomotor and affective learning outcomes were analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the illustrative module of guided inquiry-based Physics learning containing character education was developed to have a total average score of 265.5 with the "very good" category. In conclusion, there was an increase in student learning outcomes after following the learning process using this developed illustrative module.

Key words: Learning Outcomes, Product Quality, Illustration Modules, Research and Development
A new species of Chinotaphes from Laos and a new replacement name for Proteros Kazantsev (Coleoptera: Lycidae: Erotinae)
Authors: Kazantsev S.V.
Published: August 2021

Chinotaphes hmong sp. n. is described from Laos. The previously monotypic erotine genus Chinotaphes is redescribed. Proterotaphes nom. n. is proposed for another erotine genus, Proteros Kazantsev, 2004, preoccupied by Proteros Holmberg, 1917 (Hymenoptera).
A new African genus of Metriorrhynchini (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
Authors: Kazantsev S.V.
Published: August 2021

Tricautires isabelae gen. et sp. n. is described from Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea). The relationships of the new genus classified in Metriorrhynchina (Metriorrhynchini) are discussed.
PREVENTIVE APPLICATION OF CONERGIN-ROS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CALVES
Authors: Popov Yu. G. , Gorshkova O. M. , Altayeva D. V.
Published: August 2021

Diseases of the respiratory system, occupying a significant share in the general pathology of internal non-infectious diseases, cause significant economic damage to animal husbandry. This applies to such indicators as a decrease in growth, forced culling, treatment costs, and death. Konergin-ros is an injectable drug created by Rosvetpharm CJSC (Krasnoobsk village, Novosibirsk region) for the prevention and early treatment of respiratory diseases of young cattle. It contains synthetic glycosides, vitamins, growth promoters and body resistance. According to the developer, when administered, the drug does not cause a painful reaction, is non-toxic, and has no side effects. We have experimentally proved that the drug increases the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and has a positive effect on blood parameters and body weight gain of calves.
Asleep deep brain stimulation with intraoperative magnetic resonance guidance: a single-institution experience
Authors: Segar David J. , Tata Nalini , Harary Maya , Hayes Michael T. , Cosgrove G. Rees
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is traditionally performed on an awake patient with intraoperative recordings and test stimulation. DBS performed under general anesthesia with intraoperative MRI (iMRI) has demonstrated high target accuracy, reduced operative time, direct confirmation of target placement, and the ability to place electrodes without cessation of medications. The authors describe their initial experience with using iMRI to perform asleep DBS and discuss the procedural and radiological outcomes of this procedure.

METHODS

All DBS electrodes were implanted under general anesthesia by a single surgeon by using a neuronavigation system with 3-T iMRI guidance. Clinical outcomes, operative duration, complications, and accuracy were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

In total, 103 patients treated from 2015 to 2019 were included, and all but 1 patient underwent bilateral implantation. Indications included Parkinson’s disease (PD) (65% of patients), essential tremor (ET) (29%), dystonia (5%), and refractory epilepsy (1%). Targets included the globus pallidus pars internus (12.62% of patients), subthalamic nucleus (56.31%), ventral intermedius nucleus of the thalamus (30%), and anterior nucleus of the thalamus (1%). Technically accurate lead placement (radial error ≤ 1 mm) was obtained for 98% of leads, with a mean (95% CI) radial error of 0.50 (0.46–0.54) mm; all leads were placed with a single pass. Predicted radial error was an excellent predictor of real radial error, underestimating real error by only a mean (95% CI) of 0.16 (0.12–0.20) mm. Accuracy remained high irrespective of surgeon experience, but procedure time decreased significantly with increasing institutional and surgeon experience (p = 0.007), with a mean procedure duration of 3.65 hours. Complications included 1 case of intracranial hemorrhage (asymptomatic) and 1 case of venous infarction (symptomatic), and 2 patients had infection at the internal pulse generator site. The mean ± SD voltage was 2.92 ± 0.83 V bilaterally at 1-year follow-up. Analysis of long-term clinical efficacy demonstrated consistent postoperative improvement in clinical symptoms, as well as decreased drug doses across all indications and follow-up time points, including mean decrease in levodopa-equivalent daily dose by 53.57% (p < 0.0001) in PD patients and mean decrease in primidone dose by 61.33% (p < 0.032) in ET patients at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

A total of 205 leads were placed in 103 patients by a single surgeon under iMRI guidance with few operative complications. Operative time trended downward with increasing institutional experience, and technical accuracy of radiographic lead placement was consistently high. Asleep DBS implantation with iMRI appears to be a safe and effective alternative to standard awake procedures.
Investigation of two-way fluid-structure interaction of blood flow in a patient-specific left coronary artery
Authors: Athani Abdulgaphur , Ghazali Nik Nazri Nik , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Anqi Ali E. , Algahtani Ali
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The blood flow in the human artery has been a subject of sincere interest due to its prime importance linked with human health. The hemodynamic study has revealed an essential aspect of blood flow that eventually proved to be paramount to make a correct decision to treat patients suffering from cardiac disease. OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to elucidate the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the blood flow and the effect of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: A patient-specific 3D model of the left coronary artery was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images. The blood is assumed to be incompressible, homogenous, and behaves as Non-Newtonian, while the artery is considered as a nonlinear elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible material. Pulsatile flow conditions were applied at the boundary. Two-way coupled FSI modeling approach was used between fluid and solid domain. The hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, velocity streamline, and wall shear stress were analyzed in the fluid domain and the solid domain deformation. RESULTS: The simulated results reveal that pressure drop exists in the vicinity of stenosis and a recirculation region after the stenosis. It was noted that stenosis leads to high wall stress. The results also demonstrate an overestimation of wall shear stress and velocity in the rigid wall CFD model compared to the FSI model.
Experimental evaluation of fracture properties of bovine hip cortical bone using elastic–plastic fracture mechanics
Authors: Ur Rahman Waseem , Khan Rafiullah , Rahman Noor , Alrowaili Ziyad Awadh , Bibi Baseerat , Us Sama Najm
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Understanding the fracture mechanics of bone is very important in both the medical and bioengineering field. Bone is a hierarchical natural composite material of nanoscale collagen fibers and inorganic material. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates and presents the fracture toughness of bovine cortical bone by using elastic plastic fracture mechanics. METHODS: The J-integral was used as a parameter to calculate the energies utilized in both elastic deformation (Jel) and plastic deformation (Jpl) of the hipbone fracture. Twenty four different types of specimens, i.e. longitudinal compact tension (CT) specimens, transverse CT specimens, and also rectangular unnotched specimens for tension in longitudinal and transverse orientation, were cut from the bovine hip bone of the middle diaphysis. All CT specimens were prepared according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E1820 standard and were tested at room temperature. RESULTS: The results showed that the average total J-integral in transverse CT fracture specimens is 26% greater than that of longitudinal CT fracture specimens. For longitudinal-fractured and transverse-fractured cortical specimens, the energy used in the elastic deformation was found to be 2.8–3 times less than the energy used in the plastic deformation. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the overall fracture toughness measured using the J-integral is significantly higher than the toughness calculated by the stress intensity factor. Therefore, J-integral should be employ to compute the fracture toughness of cortical bone.
Improved Descriptional Complexity Results for Simple Semi-Conditional Grammars
Authors: Fernau Henning , Kuppusamy Lakshmanan , Oladele Rufus O. , Raman Indhumathi
Published: August 2021

A simple semi-conditional (SSC) grammar is a form of regulated rewriting system where the derivations are controlled either by a permitting string alone or by a forbidden string alone and this condition is specified in the rule. The maximum length i (j, resp.) of the permitting (forbidden, resp.) strings serves as a measure of descriptional complexity known as the degree of such grammars. In addition to the degree, the numbers of nonterminals and of conditional rules are also counted into the descriptional complexity measures of these grammars. We improve on some previously obtained results on the computational completeness of SSC grammars by minimizing the number of nonterminals and / or the number of conditional rules for a given degree (i, j). More specifically we prove, using a refined analysis of a normal form for type-0 grammars due to Geffert, that every recursively enumerable language is generated by an SSC grammar of (i) degree (2, 1) with eight conditional rules and nine nonterminals, (ii) degree (3, 1) with seven conditional rules and seven nonterminals (iii) degree (4, 1) with six conditional rules and seven nonterminals and (iv) degree (4, 1) with eight conditional rules and six nonterminals.
Relations between Control Mechanisms for Sequential Grammars1
Authors: Alhazov Artiom , Freund Rudolf , Ivanov Sergiu , Oswald Marion
Published: August 2021

We extend and refine previous results within the general framework for regulated rewriting based on the applicability of rules in sequential grammars [3]. Besides the well-known control mechanisms as control graphs, matrices, permitting and forbidden rules, partial order on rules, and priority relations on rules we also consider the new variant of activation and blocking of rules as investigated in [1, 2, 4]. Moreover, we exhibit special results for strings and multisets as well as for arrays in the general variant defined on Cayley grids of finitely presented groups. Especially we prove that array grammars defined on Cayley grids of finitely presented groups using #-context-free array productions together with control mechanisms as control graphs, matrices, permitting and forbidden rules, partial order on rules, priority relations on rules, or activation and blocking of rules have the same computational power as such array grammars using arbitrary array productions.
Free-choice Nets with Home Clusters are Lucent
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M.P.
Published: August 2021

A marked Petri net is lucent if there are no two different reachable markings enabling the same set of transitions, i.e., states are fully characterized by the transitions they enable. Characterizing the class of systems that are lucent is a foundational and also challenging question. However, little research has been done on the topic. In this paper, it is shown that all free-choice nets having a home cluster are lucent. These nets have a so-called home marking such that it is always possible to reach this marking again. Such a home marking can serve as a regeneration point or as an end-point. The result is highly relevant because in many applications, we want the system to be lucent and many “well-behaved” process models fall into the class identified in this paper. Unlike previous work, we do not require the marked Petri net to be live and stronglyconnected. Most of the analysis techniques for free-choice nets are tailored towards well-formed nets. The approach presented in this paper provides a novel perspective enabling new analysis techniques for free-choice nets that do not need to be well-formed. Therefore, we can also model systems and processes that are terminating and/or have an initialization phase.
Pain and Associated Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients Suffering from Dementia: Challenges at Different Levels and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Kaufmann Liane , Moeller Korbinian , Marksteiner Josef
Published: August 2021

Old age is critically associated with multi-morbidity, chronic pain, and high risk for dementia. Recognizing and treating pain is very much dependent on language comprehension and production. Both may be impaired in dementia. Moreover, neuropsychiatric symptoms may interact with pain perception. The main aims of the present article were 1) to identify key areas for future research to elucidate the relation between pain and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, and 2) to provide a conceptual framework for ameliorating the clinical process of recognizing, assessing, and managing pain in non-communicating patients with advanced dementia.
Mutations in the Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Reduce Mitochondrial Function and Alter Gene Expression Independent of 42-Residue Amyloid-β Peptide
Authors: Pope Chad A. , Wilkins Heather M. , Swerdlow Russell H. , Wolfe Michael S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Dominant missense mutations in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) and are associated with changes in the production or properties of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), particularly of the 42-residue variant (Aβ42) that deposits in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Recent findings, however, show that FAD mutations in AβPP also lead to increased production of longer Aβ variants of 45–49 residues in length. Objective: We aimed to test neurotoxicity of Aβ42 vis-á-vis longer variants, focusing specifically on mitochondrial function, as dysfunctional mitochondria are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: We generated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stably expressing AβPP mutations that lead to increased production of long Aβ peptides with or without Aβ42. These AβPP-expressing cells were tested for oxygen consumption rates (OCR) under different conditions designed to interrogate mitochondrial function. These cell lines were also examined for expression of genes important for mitochondrial or neuronal structure and function. Results: The mutant AβPP-expressing cells showed decreased basal OCRs as well as decreased OCRs associated with mitochondrial ATP production, even more so in the absence of Aβ42 production. Moreover, mutant AβPP-expressing cells producing longer forms of Aβ displayed altered expression of certain mitochondrial- and neuronal-associated genes, whether or not Aβ42 was produced. Conclusion: These findings suggest that mutant AβPP can cause mitochondrial dysfunction that is associated with long Aβ but not with Aβ42.
Immunomodulatory response and serum level of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of acute kidney injury in wistar rats exposed to pyrethroids
Authors: Atere Adedeji David , Ajani Olumide Faith , Moronkeji Akinpelu , Ajibade Victory Oluwaseun , Osadolor Humphrey Benedo
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Insecticide usage has increased in the tropics and subtropics due to the high prevalence of vector-borne infections, even though insecticide use effectively reduces insect-borne diseases. Insecticide exposure can cause oxidative stress and have severe consequences for human health. The study was then designed to evaluate oxidative stress and its effects on immunomodulatory and renal integrity among Wistar rats exposed to pyrethroids. METHODS: Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Fifty-one rats were exposed to 1.2 %w/v pyrethroids, while the remaining thirty-three rats were grouped as non-exposed. The groups were divided into three different groups, each with 7, 21, and 41 days. After days of exposure, the animals in each group were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava. Using standard spectrophotometric techniques, the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), urea, creatinine and uric acid were determined. Blood activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) were determined. ELISA was used to determine levels of IgG, IgA, IgE, TNF-α, and NGAL. Data obtained were statistically compared. RESULTS: The serum mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH, and TAS were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) while mean levels of MDA, H2O2, IgG, IgE, IgA, TNFα, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), urea, uric acid, and creatinine were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) from 7 to 41 days exposure in exposed groups. NGAL had a higher area under the ROC curve than urea and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: This study observed that pyrethroids can cause oxidative stress, deplete antioxidant levels, nephrotoxicity, and may modulate both humoral and cellular immune functions. It also established NGAL as a sensitive diagnostic tool and early biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI).