bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multidisciplinary assessment of disability in early medieval Culmen, Poland
Authors: Matczak Magdalena , Kozłowski Tomasz , Chudziak Wojciech
Published: February 2024

This study bridges a gap between palaeopathology and the textual analysis, with the aim of investigating whichdiseases and pathological lesions could have been associated with disability in Early Mediaeval Culmen in Poland.We used palaeopathological methods to examine 661 skeletons, as well as reviewed Early Mediaeval hagiographiesand chronicles. The textual analysis revealed three types of disability: mobility difficulties, an abnormal posture, and blindness, which were also identified in the osteological materials from Culmen. Eight skeletons display lesions corresponding to Pott’s disease, poliomyelitis, leprosy, osteomyelitis, multiple myeloma, and amputation, which were identified as disabilities. The prevalence of disability depended on the age, with adults affected more frequently. This interdisciplinary study is the first to analyse people with disabilities on a population level, using textual sources and osteological materials from mediaeval Central Europe. The protocol forresearch on disability in archaeology presented by us may be applied to other archaeological contexts, also from sites outside Poland, from historical periods of time.
The Impact of HIV Infection on Eosinophil Levels during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Obeagu* Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: February 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses unique challenges during pregnancy, affecting maternal health and potentially impacting the developing fetus. This systematic review explores the intricate relationship between HIV and eosinophils, a critical component of the immune system, during pregnancy. As HIV induces immunosuppression, understanding its specific effects on eosinophil levels is crucial for predicting maternal health outcomes and vertical transmission risks. The review also delves into the potential influence of antiretroviral therapy on modulating eosinophil function. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between HIV infection, eosinophils, and pregnancy, offering insights for future research directions and potential therapeutic interventions.
A Comparative Study to Access Cephalometric and Arch Width Characteristics of Class II Division 1 and Division 2 Malocclusions among a Indian and Turkish Population
Authors: M Anmol
Published: February 2024

Objective: To investigate the cephalometric and dental arch width in Indian population and to compare the same with Turkish population. Material and Methods: The dental arch dimensions of study cast of selected sample among Indian population was collected and the data was entered in the spreadsheet for the statistical analysis using SPSS software version 20.Inter examiner variability was tested among the trained dentist. The reliability between the examiners was tested two days prior to the study. Results: The difference of all the parameters was found to be significant when compared between Indian and Turkish population. Conclusion: The study yielded a database about dental arch width with different definitions by which different studies can be compared.
E-LKPD Berbasis Scaffolding Question Prompt untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Dalam Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Wahyuni Diah , Octaviani S Nazhaa , Supeno  , Nuha Ulin , Rusdianto
Published: February 2024

Keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA rendah sehingga masih perlu dikembangkan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan e-LKPD berbasis scaffolding question prompt yang valid, praktis dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP dalam pembelajaran IPA. Desain penelitian pengembangan ini menerapkan model ADDIE. Teknik dan instrument pengumpulan data penelitian ini antara lain angket, tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis. Subjek uji coba dengan uji coba kelompok besar terdiri dari 32 siswa kelas VII SMP. Hasil penelitian validitas e-LKPD berbasis scaffolding question prompt tergolong berkategori sangat valid sebesar 99%, tergolong sangat praktis dengan rata-rata keterlaksanaan pembelajaran sebesar 93%, tergolong efektif dengan hasil nilai N-gain sebesar 0.73 dan rata-rata angket respon siswa sebesar 85%. Berdasarkan hasil presentase validitas, kepraktisan dan efektivitas telah mencapai kategori sangat valid, sangat praktis dan efektif sehingga e-LKPD berbasis scaffolding question prompt layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP dalam pembelajaran IPA.
Students’ Mathematical Generalization in Solving Numeracy Problems
Authors: Naraswari Titania Putri , Kusmayadi Tri Atmojo , Fitriana Laila
Published: February 2024

Generalization is an important component of mathematical activity and has received increasing attention in school mathematics at all levels. This research aims to analyze junior high school students' mathematical generalization abilities in number pattern material. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were 28 junior high school students in the even semester. The students consisted of 12 male students and 16 female students. The data collection method used is the test method. Data analysis in this research was carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions on the data obtained. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the mathematical generalization ability of junior high school students in number patterns was obtained: (1) 8 students (28%) had high mathematical generalization ability, (2) 15 students (54%) had medium ability, and (3) 5 students ( 18%) have low ability. These findings show that the majority of students have good mathematical generalization abilities, but there are also those who still need further assistance in improving their abilities.
The protective effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and bentonite in experimental aflatoxicosis model in broilers
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, Dik Burak , Burak Ates Mehmet , Oguz Halis , Ortatatli Mustafa
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the preventive efficacy of black seed (Nigella sativa L.), thymoquinone and Na bentonite on biomarkers of tissue degeneration in the liver and other organs induced by aflatoxin (AF) in broilers. One hundred broiler chicks were divided into 10 equal groups and fed for 28 days. The animals received feed with 2 mg/kg total aflatoxin, Nigella sativa (NS; 5%), thymoquinone (TMQ; 300 mg/kg) and Na bentonite (BNT; 10 g/kg) both individually and in combination. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue samples were collected. AF treatment significantly increased serum and liver 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), serum transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and liver total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, whereas it significantly decreased liver TGF-β and serum TAC levels compared to the control. However, there were no changes in the serum and liver hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels from AF. Both individual and combined addition of NS, BNT and TMQ to AF-contaminated feed significantly improved liver 8-OHdG, liver TAC and serum TGF-β levels. Serum 8-OHdG levels were ameliorated only in the AF+BNT+TMQ group. In addition, the AF+BNT+NS and AF+BNT+TMQ groups showed significant improvement in liver 8-OHdG, liver TGF-β and liver TAC levels. We conclude that NS and TMQ supplementation to AF-contaminated feed may be beneficial against aflatoxicosis in broilers.
Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new approach to fertility assessment in cattle – a review
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani –Maharashtra, India, Madhukar Kekan Prakash , Khemraj Wankar Alok , Dayaram Ingole Shailesh , Bapurao Daware Sudhir , Kundlikrao Munde Vitthal , Kalyanrao Khose Kakasaheb
Published: February 2024

The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) enhances fertility in cattle and hence used as a fertility marker. AMH is produced by granulosa cells of all primordial, primary, secondary follicles, and antral follicles up to 4-5 mm diameter, whereas AMH production decreases once antral stage follicles reach the 4-5 mm stage. There is an individual variation in antral follicle count (AFC) and AMH concentration. One-time determination of AMH concentration will help predict the animals’ reproductive performance at the heifer stage. In turn, it will help to cull those animals with low reproductive potential. There is no significant fluctuation in the AMH concentration during the estrous cycle, and hence it can be determined at any stage of the estrous cycle. This review explores the potential of AMH as a fertility marker and its association with the antral follicle population (AFP) as AMH can be an effective segregative tool to screen low, average or high fertility future performance in cattle.
Veterinary compounding: the impact of different gelling agents on the rheological characteristics and release kinetics from meloxicam oral gels in the treatment of cats
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, Kovačević Zorana , Mugoša Snežana , Lalić-Popović Mladena , Stojanović Slobodan , Tešin Nadežda , Marić Dragoljub , Todorović Nemanja , Božić Frane
Published: February 2024

Worldwide, the growing number of pets has increased the use of veterinary drugs, as well as individualised therapy such as compounded drugs. If a suitable formulation or drug is not registered for veterinary species, drugs are compounded. This also includes pharmaceutical forms which are easy to administer, such as semi-solid preparations (gels and pastes) for oral use in order to enhance drug administration and adherence. The number of non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) approved for use in cats is relatively small. NSAIDs represent the largest group of drugs with adverse drug experience, but meloxicam has advantages in relation to all of them because of its safety for use in cats. In this study, the pharmaceutical-technological characterisation of oral gels for cats made with different gelling agents (carbomer, xanthan gum, carmellose sodium and hypromellose) was undertaken. Subsequently, four different samples were prepared and designed for veterinary use (using meloxicam, gelling agents and taste enhancer), and then the pH value, rheological characterisation and drug release were determined. The results demonstrated that addition of the taste enhancer influenced the rheological properties of the tested oral gels. It was found that the rate of meloxicam release was the highest from the oral gel prepared with carbomer (Carbopol® 974P), where complete meloxicam dissolution was observed after 5 minutes. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that Carbopol 974P has a certain advantage over the other gelling agents used in this study. Further work is required to assess the palatability of the oral gel for cats in clinical settings.
El crimen organizado y el terrorismo
Authors: Vaca David , Vargas Astudilo Paola Eugenia
Published: February 2024

El Ecuador, dentro del marco latinoamericano, ha desarrollado su sistema de Defensa con las particularidades propias de su geografía y con las ramificaciones conceptuales y prácticas que exige su geopolítica y realidad nacional; es así que basándonos en el desarrollo histórico de las oleadas del terrorismo a la época actual, vivimos en una etapa sui generis o estratégicamente hablando hibrida, donde el narcotráfico y el crimen organizado ha difuminado cualquier posibilidad de una ideología insurreccional y  ha marcado el inicio de una amenaza ya identificada pero aún no definida operacionalmente; en este contexto surge la necesidad de brindar y garantizar la seguridad integral del estado la cual se lograría si y solo si con la preparación y la adquisición de conocimiento necesario para enfrentar dichas amenazas, para reconocerlas, enfrentarlas y finalmente neutralizarlas, devolviendo así el control a las autoridades y recuperando la legitimidad de la población hacia sus Fuerzas Armadas.
un APLICACIÓN DEL MODELO PRISMA PARA FOMENTAR EL APRENDIZAJE SIGNIFICATIVO EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Chicaiza Tipanquiza Manuel Mesías , Chicaiza Cuasapáz Erick Santiago
Published: February 2024

El Modelo Prisma se la puede definir como un producto de investigación y análisis a largo plazo de múltiples edades y multiculturales, que permite identificar las cuatro dimensiones del modelo para la adquisición del conocimiento.
Importancia del Código de Conducta para miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador
Authors: Vélez G. Jair S. , Pintag Marco Anibal
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo aborda la importancia del código de conducta para guiar la actuación del personal militar profesional de las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador durante las operaciones militares de ámbito interno, dicho código resume en diez artículos las disposiciones que refieren al comportamiento y al accionar  táctico y responsable que consta en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, el Código Orgánico Integral Penal, la Ley Orgánica que Regula el Uso Legítimo de la Fuerza y el Manual de Operaciones de Ámbito Interno del CC.FF.AA. Se aplicó el método cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal o transaccional, con una muestra de 90 militares profesionales. Los datos se recolecto mediante una encuesta, con 10 preguntas dicotómicas. Entre los principales resultados se destaca la necesidad de contar con una herramienta que facilite la adecuada aplicación de procedimientos, así evitar que el personal militar se vea inmiscuido en problemas jurídicos como consecuencia de las operaciones militares de ámbito interno.
Minimizing the complexity of performing a set of auxiliary actions for machining operations
Authors: Khrustaleva Irina Nikolaevna , Khrustalev Michail Borisovich , Khokhlovskiy Vladimir Nikolaevich , Chernyh Larisa Georgievna , Shkodyrev Vyacheslav Petrovich
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The technological process of manufacturing mechanical engineering products using metal-cutting machines is a structurally complex process. This process can be described by the combination of two types of actions: the working stroke, which results in a change in the structure and properties of the workpiece, and an auxiliary transition, the task of which is to prepare the technological system for the execution of the working process. The execution

of auxiliary transitions does not entail a change in the structure and properties of the product, but leads to an increase in the complexity of its manufacture, therefore, increasing the efficiency of technological processes of mechanical processing largely depends on optimizing the complexity of performing a complex of auxiliary transitions. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for optimizing the parameters of a complex of auxiliary transitions for machining operations. The structure of the control object “Technological system” is described, within which two subcategories of control objects are defined: the control object “Technological equipment” and the control object “Wearable equipment”. Hypergraphs of changes in their intermediate states are presented for these subcategories of control objects. According to the presented models, the subcategory of the control object “Technological equipment” has 4 levels of control, the subcategory of the control object “Wearable tooling” has 3 levels of control. Lists of single and vector optimization criteria have been formed for the intermediate states of control objects. A description of a set of actions for the transition of control objects from the (i – 1) state to thei-estate is presented. A list of control parameters has been defined for each subcategory of the control object. The use of the presented model contributes to increasing the efficiency of the technological process by optimizing the values of the parameters of the complex of auxiliary actions at the stage of technological preparation of production.
Seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in cattle: the case of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian southeastern tropics
Authors: Trinidad Silvia E. León , Bravo Christian Barrantes , Narvasta Shefferson Feijoo , Fuertes Ethel Huamán , Trigoso Gustavo Ampuero , Sáenz Francys Canto , Quispe-Ccasa Hurley A.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in tropical cattle in the Tambopata and Tahuamanu Provinces in the department of Madre de Dios, Peru.

SAMPLE

156 bovines from 7 cattle farms were sampled. These farms used exclusive grazing for food and natural mating for reproduction and did not have sanitary or vaccination programs.

METHODS

The serum of blood samples was subjected to ELISA with commercial kits for the detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), Leptospira interrogans, pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, retrovirus bovine leukemia virus (BLV), orbivirus bluetongue virus (BTV), and herpesvirus bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV). The data were analyzed by means of association tests with χ2 (P < .05) and Spearman rank correlation (P < .05) in the SPSS v.15.0 software (IBM Corp).

RESULTS

A low prevalence of antibodies to L interrogans, N caninum, M avium subsp paratuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 was found, but it was high to BTV, BLV, and BHV (100%, 53.85%, and 72.44%, respectively). The presence of BLV and BHV was higher in the Las Piedras District, bovines less than 5 years old, and cattle with breed characteristics of zebu and crossbred (P < .01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between both infections, showing 83.3% of BLV positivity that were also BHV positive (P < .01).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The high prevalence of antibodies to BTV, BHV, and BLV could be due to livestock management practices, direct contact with infected animals, and variation of the presence of vectors and natural reservoirs in the context of climate change in the tropics.
The Edwards Acumen IQ system using peripheral arterial catheter-based waveforms to estimate cardiac output is not accurate as compared to thermodilution in dogs
Authors: Zersen Kristin M. , Griffenhagen Gregg M. , Monnet Eric L.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To assess the agreement between cardiac output (CO) estimated via evaluation of the arterial pressure waveform by a novel monitoring system (Edwards Acumen IQ sensor and HemoSphere Advanced Monitor Platform [HS-IQ]; Edwards LifeSciences) and measured by thermodilution (TD) in anesthetized, normovolemic, and hypovolemic dogs. To assess the agreement between the HS-IQ CO measurements in the radial artery and dorsal metatarsal artery.

ANIMALS

8 purpose-bred Beagles.

METHODS

Dogs were placed under general anesthesia. CO was measured via TD and via the HS-IQ at radial and dorsal metatarsal arterial catheters. CO measurements were obtained at 4 time points including normovolemic and multiple hypovolemic states. Paired measurements of CO were evaluated via the method of Bland and Altman with acceptable limits of agreement (LOA) defined as < 30%.

RESULTS

A total of 24 (dorsal metatarsal) and 21 (radial) paired measurements were collected in 8 dogs. The overall bias (CI) for comparison of TD to radial arterial HS-IQ CO measurements was −0.09 L/min. LOA and proportional LOA were −2.66 to 2.49 L/min and −140.72% to 104.94%. The overall bias (CI) for comparison of TD to dorsal metatarsal arterial HS-IQ CO measurements was −0.26 L/min. LOA and proportional LOA were −2.76 to 2.24 L/min and −135.96% to 93.25%. The overall proportional error for radial arterial was −17.9% and for dorsal metatarsal was −21.4%.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

CO measurements with the HS-IQ were easy to obtain but did not produce results within a clinically acceptable range for either measurement site, with a very wide LOA. The CO estimations from the HS-IQ are not appropriate for clinical use at this time.
Discourse on Unequal Power Relations in Knowledge Sharing Transactions at Selected Township Schools in Nkangala Education District
Authors: Nkambule Bongani Innocent
Published: February 2024

Sustainable Development Goal No 4 (SDG4) resonates with all education systems of the world. It has resulted in education policies being created and promulgated with sustainability and development in mind. In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), sustainability speaks to the need for schooling systems to operate as a knowledge society and to maximally exploit the abundance of knowledge assets that exist in their ecologies. This implies that they must adopt knowledge management (KM) to take advantage of the 4IR era aligned technological innovations, instructional practices and administrative standards. In light of the view that, of all KM processes, knowledge sharing reigns supreme and gives rise to the generation of new organisational knowledge as well as the innovation of existing organisational knowledge; the study adopted a qualitative approach embedded in an interpretivist paradigm to explore the perceptions of teaching and support staff- specifically six teachers and four administrative clerks (altogether ten participants) - of factors contributing to unequal power relations in knowledge sharing practices at two selected schools in Nkangala Education District, Mpumalanga Province (South Africa). The study found that poor leadership practices contributed to unhealthy professional interactions, knowledge hoarding, contravention of contextual ethics (of Ubuntu), trust deficit, top-down communication and workplace bullying.
Atypical Pre-excitation Pattern in Asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White—A Hallmark for High Risk?
Authors: Burcin Alexandru-Paul , Ene Elena , Vătăşescu Radu-Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Delta wave morphology during sinus rhythm on 12 lead ECG usually allows for a relatively precise prediction of the anatomic location of an accessory pathway (AP) provided that the rhythm is fully pre-excited. However, the pre-excitation pattern during sinus rhythm usually offers little information about sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk in adult patients with asymptomatic Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW).

Case Presentation

A 42-year-old policeman was referred for an asymptomatic WPW pattern with an unusual delta wave. Initial mapping showed that atrio-ventricular (A-V) fusion on the lateral mitral annulus and radiofrequency (RF) ablation induced a shift in the pre-excitation pattern. Re-mapping identified A-V fusion on the left postero-septal area. Another RF application eliminated pre-excitation. Re-mapping identified A-V fusion on the postero-septal aspect of the mitral annulus and another RF application almost instantaneously induced an A-V split and loss of pre-excitation. Post-ablation testing proved normal anterograde A-V conduction without pre-excitation and no ventriculo-atrial conduction. Serial ECGs proved the persistent loss of pre-excitation at one-month of follow-up.

Conclusion

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with atypical pre-excitation patterns and the importance of a thorough evaluation in asymptomatic individuals. Patients with atypical pre-excitation may harbor multiple accessory pathways (MAPs) and should be carefully assessed to mitigate the risk of SCD.
ИДЕЈНО РJЕШЕЊЕ НАВОДЊАВАЊА ПОЉОПРИВРЕДНОГ ЗЕМЉИШТА ШЕЛЕВРЕНАЦ
Authors: Суџум Снежана
Published: February 2024

У раду је приказанa методологија пројектовања система за наводњавање пољопривредне површине од 320 ha у Шелевренцу, његова функционалност и примјена. Примјеном теоријских основа које прати хидротехничко рјешење, преко водног биланса земљишта, климатских услова, адекватне механизације, и на крају хидрауличког прорачуна, те графичких прилога дошло се до идејног рјешења којим је реализован овај рад.
ПРОЦЕНА РИЗИКА НА РАДНИМ МЕСТИМА И У РАДНОЈ ОКОЛИНИ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ „МАРИЈА ТРАНДАФИЛ"
Authors: Кулић Јелена , Петровић Маја
Published: February 2024

Рад се заснива на процени ризика радних места и радне околине основне Школе „Марија Трандафил“. Идентификоване су опасности и штетности на радном месту и у радној околини, као и мере за њихово отклањање а у циљу процењивања ризика по безбедност и здравље запослених. Усвојена метода за процену ризика радних места ОШ „Марија Трандафил је KINNEY метода и процењена радна места су: директор, психолог, педагог, секретар, библиотекар, наставник, домар, хигијеничар. Анализом опасности и штетности и процењивањем ризика утврђено је да радна места ОШ „Марија Трандафил“ нису радна места са повећаним ризиком.
Local complications of acute pancreatitis and methods of their instrumental diagnosis
Authors: Remizov S. I. , Andreev A. V. , Durleshter V. M. , Gabriel S. A. , Kuznetsov Yu. S. , Zasyadko O. V. , Levchenko G. A.
Published: February 2024

The literature review considers the characteristics of local complications in the classifications of acute pancreatitis, as well as analyzed the effectiveness of modern methods of their diagnosis. Understanding the morphology of changes occurring in the pancreas and parapancreatic tissue in acute pancreatitis is of great importance, as it often determines the tactics of surgical treatment. Modern diagnostic methods for local complications of acute pancreatitis, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography are highly informative, but the effectiveness of their use depends on the duration of the disease and the type of local complications, which makes to apply the differentiated approach to their use.
Author guidelines
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: February 2024

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O combate ao HIV/Aids nos marcos estratégicos do Escritório das Nações Unidas para a Cooperação Sul-Sul (1997-2021)
Authors: Pini André Mendes , Macedo Guilherme Fenício Alves
Published: February 2024

Resumo  O artigo avalia como o combate ao HIV/Aids tem sido tratado nos marcos estratégicos do Escritório das Nações Unidas para a Cooperação Sul-Sul (UNOSSC) correspondentes ao recorte 1997-2021. Os resultados demonstram que a atenção para o combate ao HIV/Aids foi reduzida a partir do IV marco (2009-2011) em prol de outras esferas temáticas e plataformas de ação prioritárias. Palavras-chave: cooperação Sul-Sul; hiv/Aids; UNOSSC; saúde global; diplomacia da saúde
A Pragmatic Study of Mitigation Strategies in Bidenʼs Political Interviews
Authors: Khalil Hanan Saeed , Ali Abid Hmood
Published: February 2024

Political interviews play a crucial role in shaping public opinion and influencing electoral outcomes. This study investigates the use of various mitigation strategies employed by politicians during interviews to minimize the impact of potentially damaging questions or statements. The current study is concerned with the news of the Ukrainian-Russian war which began on February 24, 2022, and is still ongoing, from a pragmatic point of view. The problem is manifested in the great shortage of pragmatic studies of mitigation strategy in political discourse.

       The present study adopts Caffi's (2007) model to analyze the selected data. The aspects of this model include five main types, which are: bushes, hedges, deictic shields, quotational shields, and topical shields. Each strategy differs from the other in composition. The deictic shields contain six sub-strategies and the topical shields contain two sub-strategies.

          The study investigates mitigation strategies in  one  of Joe Bidenʼs , the current US president interviews .  It aims to highlight the mitigation strategies used in Biden 's political interview. To investigate the most frequent type of mitigation strategies are used  in the data under study.

      To achieve the aims of the study and verify its hypotheses, the study hypothesizes that some mitigation strategies are used in Biden 's  interview.  The most commonly used strategy is the deictic shields strategy.

       Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in analyzing data.The most important conclusions of the study are: 1)It is found that the mitigation strategies employed in Bidenʼs  interview are : bushes ,hedges , deictic shields ,and topical shields and 2) the most commonly used strategy in Bidenʼs  interview is deictic shields.
Nausea, by Jean-Paul Sartre - A Short Psychological Review of the Book
Authors: Zungu Sibani Londa
Published: February 2024

Nausea by Jean-Paul Sartre is a philosophical novel that explores daily life through the lens of existentialism. The story follows a broken man named Antoine Roquentin, a historian afraid of his existence living in a French seaport town, as he grapples with feelings of alienation and the meaninglessness of human existence.
Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to epidermoid cyst and neurovascular conflict: An illustrative case with literature review
Authors: Revuelta-Gutiérrez Rogelio , Contreras-Vázquez Oscar Rubén , Piñón-Jiménez Fernando , Martínez-Anda Jaime Jesús
Published: February 2024

Background:

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a highly disabling facial pain syndrome, historically known as the suicide disease, in which most cases can be cured with appropriate surgical treatment.

Case Description:

We present the case of a 43-year-old male farmer with acute, self-limiting episodes of shock-like pain on the left side of the face that started in June of 2021. He was diagnosed with TN and was treated with carbamazepine. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which revealed an epidermoid cyst (EC) at the prepontine cistern with an extension to the left cerebellopontine angle. The neurosurgery department at our institution was consulted, which performed surgical tumor resection and Vth cranial nerve decompression. During the resection, a neurovascular conflict (NVC) was identified at the root entry zone. After the resection around the nerve and its whole tract was completed, a microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed.

Conclusion:

TN secondary to EC in association with a NVC is a rare phenomenon, due to the growth pattern of the EC. TN may remit if an appropriate treatment is carried out. In cases of NVC, an MVD is required apart from an appropriate resection to achieve pain relief.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ
Authors: Горецкая А.Г. , Слипенчук М.В. , Топорина В.А.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассмотрены особенности зеленой инфраструктуры г. Москвы. Работа выявила тенденцию сокращения реального количества зеленых территорий при фактическом увеличении площадей зеленых насаждений. Охарактеризован современный статус особо охраняемых зеленых территорий Новой Москвы.
О ВЛИЯНИИ ЗАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ
Authors: Жумабаев М.Ж. , Шыракбаев А.Б.
Published: February 2024

Рассматривается цилиндрическая оболочка с упругим заполнителем, имеющий форму полого цилиндра, при осевом сжатии. Заполнитель моделируется цилиндром. Получено аналитическое решение задачи осесимметричной деформации цилиндра. На основе полученного решения изучается влияние заполнителя на устойчивость оболочки.
ПСИХОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ РОЛЬ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНА-ПЕРЕНОСЧИКА СЕРОТОНИНА В ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ЯКУТОВ
Authors: Крылов А.В. , Павлова Н.И. , Бочуров А.А. , Николаева Т.Я.
Published: February 2024

Ген 5-HTTLPR относится к серотониновому транспортёру, который играет важную роль в регуляции уровня серотонина в мозге. Исследования показывают, что у людей, у которых есть S-аллель, возможно наблюдается увеличенная эмпатия и более выраженные социальные навыки, по сравнению с носителями L-аллели. Изучить полиморфизмы 5-HTTLPR и rs25531 гена SLC6A4 в популяции якутов. В исследовании приняло участие 174 человек (61 женщин и 113 мужчин), исследование проводилось методом ПЦР и ПДРФ анализов. В результате анализа полиморфизма 5-HTTLPR у якутов, установлено смещение равновесия Харди-Вайнберга в сторону гомозиготного генотипа SS. Также известно, что у носителей S-аллели ген 5-HTTLPR связан с повышенной чувствительностью к стрессу и риском развития психических расстройств, таких как депрессия или тревожные состояния. Поэтому можно предположить, что эмпатичность носителей S-аллели может быть связана с их более выраженной реакцией на эмоциональные сигналы окружающих и более активной эмоциональной регуляцией.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФЛОРЫ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ ПРИ АНТРОПОГЕННОМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ
Authors: Шарипова М.Ю. , Дубовик И.Е. , Габидуллина Г.Ф. , Фархутдинов Р.Г. , Ахмедьянов Д.И. , Ямалеева А.А. , Григориади А.С. , Якупова А.Б. , Суюндуков И.В.
Published: February 2024

Изучение почвенных водорослей позволяет получить информацию об их биологических особенностях, взаимосвязях с почвенной средой, решить вопросы индикации деградации почв. В статье представлены результаты изучения почвенных водорослей на нарушенных территориях лесостепной зоны Бураевского района Республики Башкортостан (Российская Федерация) в пойме реки Белой и оценена степень антропогенного воздействия. Исследование почвенных водорослей проводилось в несколько этапов: полевые исследования, камеральная обработка образцов почвы и поверхностных наростов и анализ экспериментальных данных. Пробы почвы были отобраны с 5 участков, характеризующихся синантропной растительностью. Все участки располагались в пойме реки Белой. В результате обследований территории выявлено 77 таксонов водорослей ниже родового ранга, принадлежащих к 3 отделам, 4 классам, 10 отрядам, 19 семействам и 27родам. Выявлено достаточно высокое видовое разнообразие альгофлоры (количество выявленных водорослей в почвах района исследований составляет 77 видов), при этом первостепенное значение в ее формировании имеют представители цианобактерий, зеленых и диатомовых водорослей. В спектре экологической жизни следует отметить преобладание видов Р-формы. Развитие эдафических сообществ лесостепной зоны Башкирского Урала соответствует основным закономерностям, установленным для природных экосистем, подвергающихся влиянию различных факторов, главным из которых является антропогенный фактор, определяющий формирование почвенной альгофлоры той или иной области.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОДНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В МАЛОИЗУЧЕННЫХ РАЙОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОСТРОВА ВАЙГАЧ
Authors: Мискевич И.В. , Коробов В.Б. , Котова Е.И. , Овсепян А.Э. , Тутыгин А.Г. , Лохов А.С.
Published: February 2024

а территории Арктикиимеется множество природных объектов, непосредственное антропогенное воздействие на которые прекратилось много лет назад. В то же время запросы практики часто требуют оценить текущее геоэкологическое состояние таких объектов без проведения инженерных изысканий. Авторы задались целью исследовать, на сколько, правомерными могут быть такие оценки. В качестве объекта исследования были выбраны устьевые области двух рек на о. Вайгач. Оценка степени их загрязнённости была проведена посредством экспертных технологий с последующим сравнением с результатами натурных наблюдений. Результаты экспертных оценок оказались более высокими, чем в реальности. Это может быть вызвано целым рядом причин, в том числе, ориентацией лишь на один показатель - загрязнение донных отложений. Требуется разработка специальных методов и апробация их на достаточном статистически значимом числе объектов, что вполне возможно.
АНАЛИЗ АСПЕКТОВ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПАРАДИГМЫ TEST DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Короленко И.А. , Соболь Б.В.
Published: February 2024

В данной работе рассматриваются аспекты практической реализации парадигмы Test Driven Development в различных классах веб-приложений, положительные и негативные стороны использования данной парадигмы, и параметры оценки целесообразности использования парадигмы в зависимости от характеристик разрабатываемого приложения. Приводится анализ парадигмы с точки различных принципов разработки, наиболее удачные варианты применения, а также анти-паттерны, которых стоит по возможности избегать при написании тестов.
Near-Field Response of Resonant Molecule Coupled With Plasmonic Nanocavity in Atomic Resolution
Authors: He Huijie , Zhen Xueyang , Li Shuang , Chen Sibing , Chen Xing
Published: February 2024

The local field enhancement effect in plasmonic nanocavities has facilitated the development of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy (PES) techniques. Despite recent progress in sensitivity of PES, there exists a necessity for a comprehensive understanding of mutual interactions between exciton modes and plasmonic responses of nanocavities in terms of relative positions, orientations, and excitation wavelengths. In this study, we observed that the hot-spot transfer effect, occurring upon the coupling of a single molecule with a plasmonic nanocavity, is induced by the exciton modes of the molecule. Bright spots within the exciton mode contribute positively to the near fields, while dark spots contribute negative impact on the fields in the plasmonic nanocavity. At the sub-nanometer scale, the coupling between the molecule and plasmonic nanocavity results in substantial deviations from a simple power law. We approach the understanding the local field enhancement from both aspects of plasmon excitation and molecule induction. Additionally, we comprehend the molecule induction arising from local charges and charge flows in molecules. Moreover, the influence of an asymmetric plasmonic nanocavity on near-field distributions was systematically quantified. Notably, the observation of the hot-spot transfer effect persists even when the molecular dipole moment is oriented perpendicular to the near-field direction. These findings provide crucial insights into the near-field modulation in molecules coupled with plasmonic nanocavities.
Direct Air Capture of CO2 via Reactive Crystallization
Authors: Stamberga Diāna , Einkauf Jeffrey , Liu Meishen , Custelcean Radu
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric CO2 removal using engineered chemical processes, aka direct air capture (DAC), has become an essential component of our available portfolio for mitigating climate change. Here we describe a promising approach to DAC based on reactive crystallization of atmospheric CO2 (RC-DAC) with aqueous guanidine and amino acid solvents. Compared to the previously studied phase-changing DAC processes involving initial CO2 absorption by an aqueous solvent (e.g., KOH, K-SAR) followed by carbonate crystallization in a second step, RC-DAC combines the CO2 absorption and carbonate crystallization into a single step. Thus, as the insoluble carbonate salts are removed from solution by crystallization, more CO2 is pulled from the air into solution, further driving the DAC process. The RC-DAC was performed in a household humidifier as the air-liquid contactor, which can handle solid-liquid slurries effectively. The crystallization was monitored in situ by pH measurements, real-time imaging with a microscope probe, and by Raman spectroscopy, and ex situ by NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The investigation provided a detailed mechanistic picture of the RC-DAC process, involving formation of carbamate and carbonate anions in solution, followed by sequential crystallization of different guanidinium carbonate phases.
Chiral π-Conjugated Double Helical Aminyl Diradical with Triplet Ground State
Authors: Guo Haoxin , Lovell Joshua B. , Shu Chan , Pink Maren , Morton Martha , Rajca Suchada , Rajca Andrzej
Published: February 2024

We report a neutral high-spin diradical of chiral C2-symmetric bis[5]diazahelicene with ΔEST ≈ 0.4 kcal mol-1, as determined by EPR spectroscopy/SQUID magnetometry. The diradical is the most persistent among all high-spin aminyl radicals reported to date by a factor of 20, with a half-life up to 6 days in 2-MeTHF at room temperature. Its triplet ground state and excellent persistence may be associated with the unique spin density distribution within the dihydrophenazine moiety, characterizing two effective 3-electron C-N bonds analogous to the N-O bond of nitroxide radical. The enantiomerically enriched (ee ≥ 94%) (MM)- and (PP)-enantiomers of the precursors to the diradicals are obtained by either preparative chiral supercritical flow chromatography (SFC) or resolution via functionalization with chiral auxiliary of the C2-symmetric racemic tetraamine. The barrier for racemization of the solid tetraamine is ΔG‡ = 43 ± 0.01 kcal mol-1 in the 483 – 523 K range. The experimentally estimated lower limit of the barrier for racemization of diradical, ΔG‡ ≥ 26 kcal mol-1 in 2-MeTHF at 293 K, is comparable to the DFT-determined barrier of ΔG‡ = 31 kcal mol-1 in the gas phase at 298 K. While the enantiomerically pure tetraamine displays strong chiroptical properties, with anisotropy factor |g| = |Δε|/ε = 0.036 at 376 nm, |g| ≈ 0.005 at 548 nm of the high-spin diradical is comparable to that recently reported triplet ground state diradical dication. Notably, the radical anion intermediate in the generation of diradical exhibits large SOMO-HOMO inversion, SHI = 35 kcal mol-1.
CEGUEIRA NOSSA DE CADA DIA E TEORIA DA PANÓPTICA: POLÍTICA DE MILITARIZAÇÃO DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: José dos Santos Érico , Sousa Rêgo Pimentel Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, faz parte das discussões sobre Políticas Públicas Educacionais, com enfoque no processo de transposição de escolas da Educação Básica para o modelo cívico-militar. Trata-se de compreender o crescimento exponencial do número de escolas da Educação Básica que tiveram a gestão escolar transferida para a Polícia Militar da Bahia (PMBA). Nesse sentido, buscou-se como objetivo geral discutir os efeitos da gestão militarizada para a dimensão democrática e participativa destas escolas. A pesquisa está sendo realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa, empregando o Método Delphi e como referencial analítico a teoria foucaultiana. A recolha dos dados iniciais fornece indícios do caráter burocrático da instituição Polícia Militar repercutindo na dificuldade de acessos a informações fundamentais para o aprofundamento das análises. Nessa perspectiva, consideramos que a gestão democrática não é um caminho pronto, da mesma maneira, é um processo que não ocorrerá espontaneamente, desenrola-se em uma dinâmica de relações de poder.
Rethinking Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) surveillance definitions based on changing healthcare utilisation and a more realistic incubation period: reviewing data from a tertiary-referral hospital, Ireland, 2012 to 2021
Authors: Skally Mairead , Bennett Kathleen , Humphreys Hilary , Fitzpatrick Fidelma
Published: February 2024

Background

Community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (CA-CDI) have increased worldwide. Patients with CDI-related symptoms occurring < 48 hours after hospitalisation and no inpatient stay 12 weeks prior are classified as CA-CDI, regardless of hospital day attendances 3 months before CDI onset. Healthcare-associated (HA) CDIs include those with symptom onset ≥ 48 hours post hospitalisation.

Aim

To consider an incubation period more reflective of CDI, and changing healthcare utilisation, we measured how varying surveillance specifications to categorise patients according to their CDI origin resulted in changes in patients’ distribution among CDI origin categories.

Methods

New CDI cases between 2012–2021 from our hospital were reviewed. For patients with CA-CDI, hospital day attendances in the 3 months prior were recorded. CA-CDI patients with hospital day attendances and recently discharged CDI patients (RD-CDI; CDI onset 4–12 weeks after discharge) were combined into a new ‘healthcare-exposure’ category (HE-CDI). Time from hospitalisation to disease onset was varied and the midpoint between optimal and balanced cut-offs was used instead of 48 hours to categorise HA-CDI.

Results

Of 1,047 patients, 801 (76%) were HA-CDI, 205 (20%) CA-CDI and 41 (4%) were RD-CDI. Of the CA-CDI cohort, 45 (22%) met recent HE-CDI criteria and, when reassigned, reduced CA-CDI to 15%. Sensitivity analysis indicated a day 4 cut-off for assigning HA-CDI. Applying this led to 46 HA-CDI reassigned as CA-CDI. Applying both HE and day 4 criteria led to 72% HA-CDI, 20% CA-CDI, and 8% HE-CDI (previously RD-CDI).

Conclusion

CDI surveillance specifications reflecting healthcare exposure and an incubation period more characteristic of C. difficile may improve targeted CDI prevention interventions.
Maria Grinchenko’s Notes about the Arrest of Borys Grinchenko in 1879: Text and Context
Authors: Budzar Maryna , Kovalov Yevhen
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this archeographic publication is to expand the source base for the biography of Borys Grinchenko (1863–1910). The notes of Maria Grinchenko (1863–1928) are devoted to the episode of the imprisonment of young Borys Grinchenko in the winter of 1879–1880. This story clarifies the historical context of the worldview development of such Ukrainian public figure as Borys Grinchenko known by his descendants. At the same time, the notes help to understand what image of her husband Maria Grinchenko tried to construct. The text is provided with scientific comments for the historical substantiation of the events described in it. The publication is dedicated to the anniversary of the birth of Borys Grinchenko.
Escasez de recursos minerales: consecuencias en la explotación, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo tecnológico
Authors: Castillo-Pérez María José , Huerta-Velásquez Catherine , Rivas-Lorca Fernanda , Rojas-Uzcátegui Eduardo , Lescot-Soto Alexander , Argandoña-Reyes Claudio , Araya-Carvajal Katherine
Published: February 2024

El incremento de la población mundial y la demanda de tecnologías han aumentado de manera exponencial el consumo de recursos minerales, poniendo en riesgo su disponibilidad para las generaciones futuras. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el estado de la producción académica sobre la escasez de recursos y evaluar sus consecuencias en la explotación, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada usando las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y SciELO. Se analizaron 57 documentos que abordan temáticas como el impacto ambiental de la extracción, estrategias de reutilización, evaluaciones de criticidad y políticas de regulación de la actividad minera. Se concluye que los principales factores de la escasez de recursos están relacionados con la falta de normativa, la creciente demanda de nuevas tecnologías y discrepancia en los métodos de estimación de criticidad. Se advierte la necesidad de buscar alternativas de extracción y fomentar estrategias de recuperación de materiales.
Urgensi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di MTs NW Dames
Authors: Ikhwan Muh. Saidil , Rabbani Syarifah Aulia , Mawardah Silmy Muthiah , Sari Yunita , Putri Galuh Mentari
Published: February 2024

Guru seharusnya bekerja secara profesional dalam memberikan pengetahuan terhadap peserta didik. Salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan professional kinerja guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yaitu melalui bantuan supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan dan menganalisis urgensi supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MTs NW Dames. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus yang difokuskan pada kinerja guru. Subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah dan guru kelas di MTs NW Dames. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) Kegiatan supervisi kepala sekolah di MTs NW Dames sudah berjalan sangat efektif disebabkan oleh sikap kedisiplinan kepala sekolah terhadap guru berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru yang mengalami peningkatan dalam setiap tahunnya. 2) Urgensi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di MTs NW Dames telah dilakukan melalui upaya yang dimulai pada aspek, a) Supervisi Perkembangan Kurikulum; b) Supervisi Mengembangkan Kompetensi Guru; dan c) Peningkatan Kinerja Guru.