bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Metal Complexes of 2,3‐Hydroxyimino‐4‐phenyl‐6‐phenyazo‐1‐thia‐4,5‐diaza‐cyclohexa‐5‐diene
Authors: Doğan Fatih , Mercimek Bedrettin , Kaya Ismet
Published: August 2010

The Ni(II), Cu(II) Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes of 2,3‐hydroxyimino‐4‐phenyl‐6‐phenyazo‐1‐thia‐4,5‐diaza‐ cyclohexa‐5‐diene (H2L) were synthesized. Thermal behavior of these complexes was studied in dynamic nitrogen atmosphere by TA (thermogravimetric analysis), DTA (differential thermal analysis) and DTG (differential thermal gravimetry) techniques. The reaction order, the activation energies, the entropies, the enthalpies, the free energies, and the pre‐exponential factors of the thermal decomposition reactions were calculated from the thermogravimetric curves. The kinetic analysis of the thermogravimetric data was performed by using several methods such as MacCallum‐Tanner (MT), van Krevelen (vK), Madhusudanan‐Krishnan‐Ninan (MKN), Wanjun‐Yuwen‐Hen‐Cunxin (WYHC), Horowitz‐Metzger (HM) and Coats‐Redfern method (CR) based on the single heating rate. Most appropriate methods were determined for each decomposition step according to the least‐square linear regression. The Ni(II), Cu(II) Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes displayed one‐ or two‐stage decomposition pattern when heating in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and metal oxides remained as end products of the complexes. The characterization of the end products of the decomposition was performed by X‐ray diffraction.
Monitoring of Anti Cancer Drug Letrozole by Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at Gold Microelectrode
Authors: Norouzi Parviz , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Qomi Mahnaz , Nemati Kharat Ali , Zamani Hassan Ali
Published: August 2010

A continuous cyclic voltammetric study of letrozole at gold microelectrode was carried out. The drug in phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) is adsorbed at −200 mV, giving rise to change in the current of well‐defined oxidation peak of gold in the flow injection system. The proposed detection method has some of advantages, the greatest of which are as follows: first, it is no more necessary to remove oxygen from the analyte solution and second, this is a very fast and appropriate technique for determination of the drug compound in a wide variety of chromatographic analysis methods. Signal‐to‐noise ratio has significantly increased by application of discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two‐dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. Also in this work some parameters such as sweep rate, eluent pH, and accumulation time and potential were optimized. The linear concentration range was of 1.0×10−7−1.0×10−10 mol/L (r=0.9975) with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.08 nmol/L and 0.15 nmol/L, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, sensitivity, precision and selectivity to assay letrozol in tablets. The influences of pH of eluent, accumulation potential, sweep rate, and accumulation time on the determination of the letrozol were considered.
Highly Selective Potentiometric Oxalate Ion Sensors Based on Ni(II) Bis‐(m‐aminoacetophenone)ethylenediamine
Authors: Rawat Aruna , Chandra Sulekh , Sarkar Anjana
Published: August 2010

A plasticized PVC (polyvinyl chloride) membrane based oxalate ion selective electrode has been developed by using the condensation product of m‐aminoacetophenone and ethylenediamine. The transition metal complexes of the ligand N,N′‐bis(m‐aminoacetophenene)ethylenediamine (L) were synthesized and incorporated as ionophore for the synthesis of oxalate ion selective electrodes. Most appropriate result in terms of dynamic range, detection limit and response behavior was determined for the Ni(II) bis‐(m‐aminoacetophenone)ethylenediamine complex. The electrode demonstrated higher selectivity for oxalate ion with improved performance as compared to other carriers reported in past. The electrode shows Nernstian slope of (−28.5±0.4) mV·decade−1 with improved linear range of 1×10−1−1×10−7 mol·L−1, with a comparatively lower detection limit in the pH range of 5–10.5, giving a relatively fast response within 10 s and reasonable reproducibility. The selectivity coefficient was calculated using matched potential method and fixed interference method. The lifetime of the electrode was found to be nearly 2 months. The response mechanism and the interaction of oxalate ion with the complexes have been discussed by UV‐visible spectroscopic technique. Further the electrode was also successfully applied to determine the oxalate content in water samples.
Nanoporous Lanthanum Tungstate: A Viable Adsorbent for Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants
Authors: Anbia Mansoor , Ashrafizadeh Seyed Nezameddin
Published: August 2010

Removal of heavy metal cations from synthetic and industrial electroplating effluents by means of mesoporous lanthanum tungstate sorbents was thoroughly investigated. Three types of such sorbents, namely I‐LT, II‐LT and III‐LT, uncalcined and calcined, were produced and characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption isotherms and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Results of the experiments for chromium, copper, mercury, iron and lead removal from both synthetic and real industrial wastewater solutions, using these novel sorbents, exhibit promising. Details of this new approach towards wastewater treatment have been discussed and the potentials of technological advancement using mesoporous lanthanum tungstate for environmental purposes addressed. Comparison with the literature shows superiority of the produced adsorbents over reported products.
Sorption Mechanism of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution on Iron Sulphide
Authors: Mustafa S. , Misbahud D. , Sammad Y. H. , Zaman M. I. , Sadullah K.
Published: August 2010

The characterization and adsorption studies of Cd2+ on FeS were performed. Adsorption of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions on synthetic iron sulphide (FeS) was investigated as a function of pH (5–7) and temperature (303–323 K). It was found that the iron sulphide (FeS) had adsorptive properties comparable with those of other adsorbents reported in the literature. The sorption of Cd2+ was observed to increase with the increase in pH but not strongly sensitive to temperature. The adsorption data fitted both the Kurbatov and Langmuir adsorption models. In addition, ΔG⊖ values were calculated from the values of the binding constant, which showed that the cadmium adsorption process was spontaneous in nature.
Study on the Interaction between a Novel Ionic Liquid Probe and Anionic Surfactants Using Resonance Light Scattering Spectra and Its Analytical Application
Authors: Wang Weijuan , Zeng Yanbo , Lu Qiying , Xiao Ying , Li Lei , Ye Zhaoxia , Pang Ming
Published: August 2010

The interaction between anionic surfactants (AS) and 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide [C16mim]Br was studied by using resonance light scattering (RLS) technique, UV‐Vis spectrophotometry and fluorometric methods. In Britton Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 6.0), [C16mim]Br reacted with AS to form supermolecular complex which resulted in enhancement in RLS intensity. Their maximum RLS wavelengths were all at 390 nm. Some important interacting experimental variables, such as the solution acidity, [C16mim]Br concentration, salt effect and addition order of the reagents, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, quantitative determination ranges were 0.001–7 μg·mL−1 for dodecyl sodium sulfate (SDS), 0.001–6 μg·mL−1 for sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and 0.005–7 μg·mL−1 for sodium lauryl sulfonate (SLS), respectively, while the detection limits were 1.3 ng·mL−1 for SDS, 1.0 ng·mL−1 for SDBS and 5.1 ng·mL−1 for SLS, respectively. Based on the ion‐association reaction, a highly sensitive, simple and rapid method has been established for the determination of AS.
Catalytic and Efficient Oxidation of Urazole Derivatives to Their Corresponding Triazolinediones Using Ammonium Nitrate and Metal Hydrogen Sulfate as Catalyst
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Zeinivand Javad , Mallakpour Shadpour
Published: August 2010

Catalytic oxidation of a variety of urazoles to the triazolinediones via combination of NH4NO3 in the presence of a catalytic amount of aluminium hydrogen sulfate has been developed at room temperature in dichloromethane.
Configuration‐Specific Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Aldehyde Arylhydrazones
Authors: Yang Desuo , Zhu Haiyun , Guo Yaning , Wu Longmin
Published: August 2010

Reactions of aldehyde arylhydrazones (1) with nitric oxide in the presence of trace oxygen gave exclusively (E)‐C(1′)‐nitrohydrazones (2) in high yield. The structure of products was confirmed by NMR, IR, MS and X‐ray crystallography. The reaction is assumed to be initiated by addition of NO2 to the imine double.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel N,N′‐Diacylhydrazine Derivatives Containing Furan (II)
Authors: Li Xichen , Yang Xinling , Cui Zining , Li Ying , He Hongwu , Ling Yun
Published: August 2010

Diacylhydrazines have been found as molting hormone analogs since RH‐5849 was reported as the first nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist in 1988. Optimizations on diacylhydrizines with benzoheterocycle containing oxygen were widely explored in recent years. In order to find novel compounds with high bioactivity, a series of mono‐ (I) and di‐acylhydrazine (II) derivatives containing furan were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analyses and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses (II7). The bioassay results showed that some of the mono‐acylhydrazine (I) derivatives exhibited good larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens at 10 mg/L and better than those of di‐acylhydrazines (II). Generally, the anti‐tumor activity of di‐acylhydrazines (II) was better than that of mono‐acylhydrazines (I).
22‐Oxa‐1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 efficiently inhibits tumor growth in inoculated mice and primary histoculutre of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Seubwai Wunchana , Wongkham Chaisiri , Puapairoj Anucha , Okada Seiji , Wongkham Sopit
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND:

It is well known that 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25[OH]2D3) restrains cell proliferation and induces differentiation and apoptosis in normal and tumor cells. The authors of this report recently demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 effectively inhibits the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. The antitumor activity and the underlying mechanism of 22‐oxa‐D3, an analog of vitamin D, in mice and in tissue cultures from patients with CCA were further explored in the current study.

METHODS:

Cell growth and cell cycle distribution were examined in CCA cells by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 4 × 106 CCA cells at both flank sides and intraperitoneal injections with phosphate‐buffered saline or 22‐oxa‐D3(15 μg/kg/day) for 17 days thereafter. Tumors were removed the next day. The expression levels of cyclin D1 and the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Growth inhibition of 22‐oxa‐D3 in fresh tissue samples from patients with CCA was analyzed by using a histodrug response assay.

RESULTS:

22‐Oxa‐D3 effectively suppressed the growth of CCA cell lines in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner. 22‐Oxa‐D3 arrested CCA cells at G1 phase to S phase by the suppression of cyclin D1 expression and the up‐regulation of p21. Supplementation of 22‐oxa‐D3 to CCA‐inoculated mice significantly inhibited tumor growth without hypercalcemia or serious side effects. The treatment also induced cellular apoptosis in tissue samples from patients with CCA.

CONCLUSIONS:

22‐Oxa‐D3 effectively suppressed tumor growth in CCA‐inoculated mice and induced cellular apoptosis in tissue samples from patients with CCA. The current data encourage further investigation of 1,25(OH)2D3 or its analogues as therapeutic agents in the treatment of patients with CCA. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A phase 2 study of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, in patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Slomovitz Brian M. , Lu Karen H. , Johnston Taren , Coleman Robert L. , Munsell Mark , Broaddus Russell R. , Walker Cheryl , Ramondetta Lois M. , Burke Thomas W. , Gershenson David M. , Wolf Judith
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND:

Dysregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the gene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA, are the most common mutations in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Loss of PTEN or activation of PIK3CA results in constitutive activation of AKT, which leads to up‐regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Everolimus is an oral rapamycin analog that acts by selectively inhibiting mTOR.

METHODS:

A single‐institution, open‐labeled, phase 2 study of everolimus in patients with measurable recurrent EC who had failed at least 1 and no more than 2 prior chemotherapeutic regimens was performed. Everolimus was administered at a dose of 10 mg orally daily for 28‐day cycles. Patients were treated until disease progression or toxicity. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit response (CBR), defined as a confirmed complete or partial response or prolonged stable disease (SD) (≥8 weeks). Inclusion was limited to patients with endometrioid histology.

RESULTS:

A total of 35 patients were enrolled (median age, 58 years; range, 38‐81 years). A total of 81 cycles were administered. Twelve of 28 (43%) evaluable patients had not developed disease progression at the time of the first objective evaluation (8 weeks). All these patients had SD (median, 4.5 cycles; range, 2‐10 cycles). Six of the 28 (21%) patients had a confirmed CBR at 20 weeks of therapy. Patients with CBR discontinued treatment because of toxicity (6 patients), disease progression (5 patients), and noncompliance (1 patient). Seven patients were unevaluable after receiving ≤1 cycle because of toxicity (5 patients) or noncompliance (2 patients). The most common drug‐related toxicities were fatigue, anemia, pain, lymphopenia, and nausea.

CONCLUSIONS:

Everolimus demonstrated encouraging single‐agent CBR in pretreated patients with recurrent endometrioid EC. Future studies will evaluate this agent in combination with hormonal and/or cytotoxic therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Causes of oral tongue cancer treatment failures: Analysis of autopsy cases
Authors: Takagi Minoru , Kayano Teruo , Yamamoto Hajime , Shibuya Hitoshi , Hoshina Masao , Shioda Shigetoshi , Enomoto Shoji
Published: August 2010

Eighty‐three autopsy cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were reviewed to identify retrospectively the causes of treatment failure. The cure rate for the primary cancers at autopsy was 48.2% (40 of 83). Regional lymph node metastases were found in 71.1% (59 of 83). Regional metastases and/or juxtaprimary recurrence frequently spread continuously and diffusely, forming bulky neck tumors in 38.6% (32 of 83). The incidence of distant lymph node metastasis (below the clavicle) and hematogenous metastasis was 35.4% (29 of 82) and 58.5% (48 of 82), respectively. The lung was the most common site of hematogenous metastases (52.4%, 43 of 82). Hematogenous metastasis occurred more frequently in the younger age group (< 40 years of age;P= 0.03). Distant lymph node metastases were identified in the lung hilar, bifurcation, and paratracheal nodes in 89.7% (26 of 29) and had a statistically significant association with lung hematogenous metastasis. Univariate analysis revealed that gross appearance, tumor stage, clinical stage, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis, and interval from NO to NX were significant predictors of survival time (duration from initial treatment to death). Rupture of the neck vessels was fatal in eight patients (9.6%), and hypercalcemia was seen in six (7.2%). Pulmonary infection was the direct cause of death in 33.7% of patients (28 of 83). Secondary malignant lesions occurred in 22.9% (19 of 83).
Hereditary nonpoiyposis colorectal cancer (lynch syndrome II): Diploid malignancies with prolonged survival
Authors: Frei J. V.
Published: August 2010

DNA flow cytometry was performed on 44 paraffin blocks from 16 specimens of 11 lesions in five patients from two families identified as probably having the dominant gene of the Lynch Type II syndrome. All but one specimen showed diploidy, although two such specimens were metastases and one a recurrence. The one aneuploid gastric biopsy was followed by a resection with diploidy in all 13 blocks from the malignancy and may represent a superficial change without clinical significance. The prolonged survival after discovery of malignancy in such families may be explained in part by diploidy of the lesions.
The association between cholangiooaroinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Mecklin J.‐P. , Järvinen H. J. , Virolainen M.
Published: August 2010

Eighteen patients with a biliopancreatic carcinoma in 15 different cancer family syndrome (CFS) families were studied. Only families with three or more first‐degree relatives with colorectal carcinoma were included, and other characteristics of CFS were required in at least two cases. In 14 patients, the histologic specimen was available for reevaluation. In 11 (79%), the tumor was confirmed as a carcinoma of the biliary tract or papilla of Vater. In three (21%), carcinoma of the pancreas was the most probable alternative. In all four patients without histologic reevaluation, the diagnosis had been carcinoma of the biliary tract. This study suggests that carcinoma of the biliary tract or papilla of Vater is associated more commonly with CFS than with carcinoma of the pancreas. In this respect, CFS resembles familial adenomatosis coli, in which this association previously has been established.
High incidence of ras gene mutation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tada Minoru , Omata Masao , Ohio Masao
Published: August 2010

The DNA sequences around codons 12, 13, and 61 of the ras gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing in 18 intrahepatic cholangiocar‐cinomas. The ras gene mutations were found in 9 of 18 (50%): 6 in K‐ras codon 12, 1 in K‐ras codon 13, 1 in K‐ras codon 61, and 1 in N‐ras codon 12. The incidence of mutations was higher in the hilar type of intrahepatic cholan‐giocarcinomas, especially when these tumors were large. The incidence and spectrum of the mutations were almost the same as those reported in colon cancers, possibly indicating similar etiologic agent(s) in the carcinogenesis of both cancers.
Lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Greenstein Adrian J. , Mullin Gerard E. , Strauchen James A. , Heimann Tomas , Janowitz Henry D. , Aufses Arthur H. , Sachar David B.
Published: August 2010

Nine patients with lymphoma occurring in association with inflammatory bowel disease were admitted to The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960 and 1983. Five (two men and three women) occurred among 1156 patients (0.43%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) and four (men), among 1480 patients (0.27%) with Crohn's disease (CD), a strong male preponderance in the latter group. In all four of the patients with CD and in four of the five patients with UC, the lymphomas were extraintestinal. The mean age of onset of UC in these patients was late (46 years, 19 years older than in our overall series), with lymphomas occurring a mean of only 12 years later. By contrast, patients with CD had bowel disease much younger (mean age, 26 years), and their lymphomas appeared after a longer disease duration (mean, 24 years). The risk factors for the one patient with colonic lymphoma were similar to those with colitis‐associated colorectal carcinoma: extensive and long‐standing colitis and relatively young age when malignant disease developed. Four of the patients with lymphoma had associated colonic carcinoma; in three of them, the carcinoma appeared within the first decade of colitis, an unusual occurrence. A second malignant lesion also occurred in three patients with UC.
Primary biphasic lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the lung: A mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with compartmentalization of plasma cells in the lung and lymph nodes
Authors: Chetty R. , Close P. M. , Timme A. H. , Willcox P. A. , Forder M. D.
Published: August 2010

A primary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lung in a 27‐year‐old man was found. The tumor was composed mainly of centrocyte‐like cells and plasma cells. These two components were demarcated sharply from each other, resulting in a zoning or biphasic pattern. This characteristic pattern also was present in the involved regional lymph nodes. Monoclonality of tumor cells was shown immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridization techniques. This article also highlights the use of in situ hybridization in detecting light chain mRNA in paraffin sections.
Relationship between immune response to melanoma vaccine immunization and clinical outcome in stage II malignant melanoma
Authors: Bystryn Jean‐Claude , Oratz Ruth , Roses Daniel , Harris Matthew , Henn Milagros , Lew Robert
Published: August 2010

The authors investigated whether there was a relationship between the induction of a delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to melanoma vaccine immunization and disease recurrence. They studied prospectively 94 evaluable patients with surgically resected Stage II malignant melanoma who were immunized to a partially purified, polyvalent, melanoma antigen vaccine. The DTH response to skin tests to the vaccine was measured before treatment and at the fourth vaccine immunization. Vaccine treatment induced a strong DTH response in 29 (31%) patients, an intermediate response in 24 (25%), and no response in 41 (44%). The median disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with a strong, intermediate, and no DTH response to vaccine immunization was more than 72 months, 24 months, and 15 months, respectively. The relationship between an increase in the DTH response and a prolonged DFS was statistically significant (P = 0.02); clinically meaningful (the median DFS of patients with a strong DTH response was 4.7 years longer than that of nonresponders); and, by multivariate analysis, independent of disease severity or overall immune competence. These findings suggest, but do not prove, that vaccine treatment can slow the progression of melanoma in some patients.
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in human melanoma cell lines and their role in cytotoxicity mediated by tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Pandolfi Franco , Trentin Livio , Boyle Lenora A. , Stamenkovic Ivan , Byers H. Randolph , Colvin Robert B. , Kurnick James T.
Published: August 2010

The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) LFA1, ICAM1, LFA3, VLA1, VLA4, CD29, CD44, and CD56 in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and natural killer cell (NK)‐mediated killing of target cells was studied. Melanoma cell lines and autologous TIL were derived from seven patients with metastatic melanoma, and cytotoxicity assays were done in the presence and absence of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to CAM expressed on melanoma cells or TIL. The melanoma cell lines analyzed were all positive for CD29 and LFA3 expression, negative for LFA1 expression, but showed variable expression of ICAM‐1, VLA1, VLA4, CD44, and CD56. The effects of anti‐CAM antibodies on TIL‐mediated melanoma killing fell into three categories: (1) consistent inhibition of TIL‐mediated killing was observed when melanoma cells were pretreated with anti‐ICAM1 and anti‐LFA‐3 MoAb or when TIL were pretreated with anti‐LFA1; (2) no effect was observed when melanoma cells were pretreated with anti‐CD56; or (3) a discreet, but significant, inhibition was observed when target cells were pretreated with anti‐CD29, anti‐VLA1, anti‐VLA4, and anti‐CD44. Cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by pretreatment of target cells with γ‐interferon (7‐IFN), although γ‐IFN did not augment surface expression of the CAM studied. The NK‐mediated killing of K562 cells was blocked by anti‐LFA1, anti‐CD18, and anti‐ICAM, and partially inhibited by anti‐CD44 MoAb. Together, these results suggest that several accessory CAM may play a role in regulating cellular cytotoxicity. Because cytotoxicity generally correlated with the level of expression of CAM in melanoma cells, weak CAM surface expression may provide a means for melanomas to escape immune surveillance.
Estrogen receptor immunohistoohemistry in carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Bur Martin E. , Zimarowski Mary Jane , Schnitt Stuart J. , Baker Stephen , Lew Robert
Published: August 2010

Although estrogen receptor (ER) content and its clinical significance have been extensively evaluated in invasive breast cancer, ER expression in carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the breast and its correlates are less well understood. Thus, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and paraffin‐embedded tissue, the authors studied ER expression in 100 breast tumors containing CIS with or without invasive carcinoma. The percentages of positive and of strongly positive nuclei were compared among histologic categories of CIS and between CIS and invasive carcinoma. The relationships between histologic features of CIS (cell size, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, extent of CIS) the patient's age, and the ER status of CIS also were evaluated. ER expression in pure CIS was compared with that of CIS with adjacent invasive carcinoma.

Significant differences were observed between comedo CIS, which was frequently ER negative, and non‐comedo and lobular CIS, which usually were positive. A predominance of large cells, independently from other features, was the best morphologic predictor of ER negative status in CIS. ER in CIS correlated with ER in invasive carcinoma in 98% of cases (r2 = 0.677). CIS without invasive carcinoma was more frequently ER weak or negative than CIS associated with invasive carcinoma. There was no difference in the overall percentage of nuclear staining in CIS of women of premenopausal versus postmenopausal age; however, a higher proportion of strongly positive cells occurred in the postmenopausal group. The authors conclude that the ER expression in CIS correlates with pathologic features of differentiation and is similar to that of invasive carcinoma.
The relationship of prostate‐specific antigen to digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography: Findings of the American cancer society national prostate cancer detection project
Authors: Babaian R. Joseph , Mettlin Curtis , Kane Robert , Murphy Gerald P. , Lee Fred , Drago Joseph R. , Chesley Arthur
Published: August 2010

The participating institutions of the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project did 520 biopsies on 2425 men over a 3.5‐year period. A total of 88 cancers were confirmed pathologically, 93% of which clinically were organ confined. In 324 men (62.3%), a recommendation for biopsy was made based solely on the results of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS); in 69 patients (13.3%), solely on the digital rectal examination (DRE); in 116 patients (22.3%), on abnormal DRE and TRUS examinations; and in 11 patients (2.1%), in whom DRE and TRUS were normal, on elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. The TRUS was abnormal in 80.6% of men found to have cancer, and the PSA level and DRE were abnormal for 67% and 50% of cancers, respectively. The influence of PSA level on cancer detection increased as the serum level increased above 4 ng/ml. The positive predictive values of both the DRE and TRUS were influenced significantly by the presence of an elevated PSA level (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively). The results of this ongoing multicenter study support the following statements: (1) the prostate cancer detection rate is influenced by this diagnostic triad and (2) the detection rate of organ‐confined disease can be improved substantially by early detection programs.
Prostate‐specific antigen lewels in 1695 men without evidence of prostate cancer: Findings of the American cancer society national prostate cancer detection project
Authors: Kane Robert A. , Littrup Peter J. , Babaian Richard , Drago Joseph R. , Lee Fred , Chesley Arthur , Murphy Gerald P. , Mettlin Curtis
Published: August 2010

The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project is a prospective, multidisciplinary, and multicenter trial to assess the potential for early detection of prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), digital rectal examination (DRE), and serum prostate‐specific antigen assay (PSA). By November 1990, 2805 men between the ages of 55 and 70 years with no known signs or symptoms of prostate cancer were enrolled in the study, which is planned to run for 5 years. Annual TRUS, DRE, and PSA tests were done on these subjects, and biopsies were recommended for suspicious lesions when detected. To study the performance of PSA testing in presumed normal subjects, all men were eliminated who had (1) prostate cancer detected on their initial examinations and proven by biopsy or (2) cancer detected during the year or subsequent examinations. Additionally, all men with TRUS or DRE findings that were interpreted as suspicious for cancer but who are being followed and have not yet had biopsies done were removed from this series. This left a unique, extensively screened group of 1695 men who were free of prostate cancer, as far as could be determined. Analyses of the PSA levels in this large population in the appropriate age range for increasing risk of prostate cancer revealed several important findings. First, there was a direct relationship between serum PSA levels and estimated prostate volume for both the currently available monoclonal and polyclonal PSA assays. Individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia and larger gland volume have a higher normal limit of PSA than men with normal gland volume. Second, analyses showed no relationship between age and PSA levels or between symptoms of prostatism and PSA levels independent of gland enlargement. It was concluded that volume‐adjusted upper limits of normal PSA can be determined for different levels of specificity desired. This information may be applicable to the use of PSA in men not already suspected of having prostate cancer and may increase its effectiveness as a tool for early detection.
Establishment and characterization of a human T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma ceil line (HT‐1) carrying an inversion of chromosome 14
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Tasaki Kazuhiro , Nozawa Yoshihiro , Tominaga Kunihiko , Fukuhara Shiro , Ohsato Toyoro , Wakasa Haruki
Published: August 2010

A new human lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line was established (designated HT‐1) from the pleural fluid lymphoma cells of a patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma of T‐cell type. The HT‐1 cells expressed CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD57, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) but lacked B‐cell‐associated antigens and myeloid‐associated antigens. In addition, HT‐1 cells had rearranged T‐cell receptor (TCR) β‐chain gene and γ‐chain gene but retained germlines of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene. These findings indicate that HT‐1 cell line represents a common thymocyte in the T‐cell lineage. Cytogenetic studies revealed that HT‐1 cells carry an inversion (inv) of the long arm of chromosome 14. This cell line is the second T‐cell line carrying inv(14) chromosome and may be useful for the molecular investigation of the cytogenetic break points of inv(14).
Coronary artery disease mortality in patients treated for hodgkin's disease
Authors: Boivin Jean‐François , Hutchison George B. , Lubin Jay H. , Mauch Peter
Published: August 2010

The authors conducted a follow‐up study of the association between mediastinal irradiation, chemotherapy, and mortality from coronary artery disease in 4665 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. Study subjects were followed after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease until death or the closing date of the study. The average duration of follow‐up was 7 years; 2415 patients died, and 124 cases of coronary artery disease were identified from death certificates, including 68 cases of acute myocardial infarction. The age‐adjusted relative risks (RR) of death with any coronary artery disease after mediastinal irradiation and after chemotherapy were 1.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 3.80) and 1.28 (CI, 0.77 to 2.15), respectively. A significantly increased risk of death in the subcategory myocardial infarction was observed after mediastinal irradiation (RR, 2.56; CI, 1.11 to 5.93) but not after chemotherapy (RR, 0. 97; CI, 0.53 to 1.77). These results support the hypothesis that radiation therapy to the mediastinum increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and weight loss
Authors: Tchekmedyian N. Simon , Hickman Mary , Siau Jessie , Greco F. Anthony , Keller James , Browder Henry , Aisner Joseph
Published: August 2010

High‐dose megestrol acetate has been associated with increased appetite and weight. To examine the effects of high‐dose megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia and weight loss in patients with advanced hormone‐insensitive malignant lesions, a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was conducted. Patients receiving megestrol acetate for 1 month reported a significant improvement in appetite and adequacy of food intake compared with those receiving placebo. A three‐item scale measuring appetite, adequacy of food intake, and concern about weight revealed a higher improvement with megestrol acetate than with placebo. Patients who worsened while receiving placebo had similar favorable changes after the cross over to megestrol acetate. These data indicate that megestrol acetate may improve appetite and food intake in patients with advanced cancer.
Patterns and risks of cancer in farmers in Alberta
Authors: Fincham S. M. , Hanson J. , Berkel J.
Published: August 2010

Data on occupations and life styles of patients with cancer have been collected since 1983. To investigate cancer patterns and risks in farmers in Alberta, all farmers were abstracted and compared with nonfarmers in the data base, using case‐control analysis. Controls were patients with cancer at any site except the index site. Significantly elevated odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age and smoking, were found among the farmers for cancers of the lip (OR = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14 to 4.84) and prostate (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.55). Crude risk for lung cancer was significantly lower in farmers, but statistical significance disappeared when risk was adjusted for smoking (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.02). Farmers were at considerably lower risk of malignant melanoma of the skin, compared with non‐farmers (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.91).
Hyperthyroidism in men with germ cell tumors and high levels of beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin
Authors: Giralt Sergio A. , Dexeus Francisco , Amato Robert , Sella Avishay , Logothetis Christopher
Published: August 2010

A retrospective review was done on ail high volume choriocarcinomas and other germ cell tumors of men with serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (beta‐HCG) levels greater than 50,000 mIU/ml to determine the incidence and characteristics of hyperthyroidism in this setting. Nineteen patients were identified with high beta‐HCG levels, but because 2 did not have thyroid function tests performed, the cases of only 17 patients were evaluable. Of these, 14 (82%) had primary testicular carcinoma and 3 (18%) had extragonadal tumors. Beta‐HCG levels on presentation ranged from 80,000 to 3,058,000 mIU/ml, with a median of 243,500 mIU/ml. Seven of the 17 evaluable cases (41%) had T4 serum levels higher than 12 μg/dl (normal level 4 to 12 μg/dl) with a median value of 15.4 μg/dl (range, 12.6 to 33.5 μg/dl); serum T4 levels correlated with beta‐HCG levels (r = 0.84). All seven patients with elevated T4 levels had beta‐HCG values greater than 200,000 mIU/ml, and three of these seven had clinical manifestations that could be attributed to an elevated serum T4; only one patient required specific antithyroid treatment; and after control of primary disease, all other patients had normalization of thyroid function. The most common manifestations of hyperthyroidism in our series were tachycardia, hypertension, and a systolic flow murmur; none of the patients had thyroid gland enlargement, We conclude that subclinical hyperthyroidism is a relatively common phenomenon in germ cell tumors of men with high levels of beta‐HCG and that control of the primary disease results in serum T4 level normalization.
Łojasiewicz inequality and exponential convergence of the full‐range model of CNNs
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Grazzini Massimo , Pancioni Luca
Published: August 2010

This paper considers the Full‐range (FR) model of Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) in the case where the signal range is delimited by an ideal hard‐limiter nonlinearity with two vertical segments in the i−v characteristic. A Łojasiewicz inequality around any equilibrium point, for a FRCNN with a symmetric interconnection matrix, is proved. It is also shown that the Łojasiewicz exponent is equal to . The main consequence is that any forward solution of a symmetric FRCNN has finite length and is exponentially convergent toward an equilibrium point, even in degenerate situations where the FRCNN possesses non‐isolated equilibrium points. The obtained results are shown to improve the previous results in literature on convergence or almost convergence of symmetric FRCNNs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in adults of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Guiyan , Liu Yanbin , Wang Aili , Tong Weijun , Zhang Yonghong
Published: August 2010

Background

Low‐grade chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been hypothesized to underlie the constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, possibly by inducing insulin resistance. In the present study, we investigated associations between inflammation, endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and insulin resistance [measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR)] in a large community population.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among 2589 participants aged 20 years and older in Inner Mongolia, China. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma glucose, serum insulin and biomarkers including C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble inter‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) and angiotensin II.

Results

Among the residents of Inner Mongolia, levels of C‐reactive protein (7.58 versus 5.63), soluble E‐selectin (20.69 versus 17.93) and angiotensin II (51.80 versus 48.00) were all significantly higher in individuals with a higher HOMA‐IR than in those with lower HOMA‐IR. Higher HOMA‐IR was also positively and significantly (p < 0.05) associated with higher C‐reactive protein (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.19, 1.82), and higher soluble E‐selectin (odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.24, 1.88), adjusted for multivariables.

Conclusions

Elevated C‐reactive protein and soluble E‐selectin were associated with higher HOMA‐IR among residents of Inner Mongolia. This study suggests that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may relate to insulin resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grundlagen der Naturstofftransformation
Authors: Berger Ralf G.
Published: August 2010

Zur Intensivierung der interdisziplinären Aktivitäten und zur Stärkung der Mobilität im Rahmen der Dissertation sowie zur Straffung der Promotionszeiten hat die DFG bundesweit das Förderinstrument des Graduiertenkollegs entwickelt. 1998 sollen 10 bis 12% der Doktoranden über Promotionsstipendien aus solchen Graduiertenkollegs gefördert werden.
Enzyme ‐ Werkzeuge in der analytischen Chemie
Authors: Stein Kathrin
Published: August 2010

Enzymatische Reaktionen erfreuen sich in der klinischen Diagnostik sowie in der analytischen Chemie zunehmender Beliebtheit. Interessante Anwendungen werden vor allem durch die Immobilisierung von Enzymen und die Kopplung mit physikalischen Sensoren zugänglich.
Chemikerinnen und Chemiker im Marketing
Authors: Fulde Maria
Published: August 2010

Nachdem das Berufsbild des Forschers nicht mehr als das “allein Anzustrebende” für einen promovierten Chemiker erscheint, wird schon beim Einstieg ins Berufsleben über Alternativen nachgedacht. An einem Fallbeispiel aus der Praxis wird ein Weg gezeigt, der zu einem vielseitigen, erfüllenden und attraktiven Aufgabenfeld im Marketing führt.
Slipping of carbon nanotubes in a rubber matrix
Authors: Nah Changwoon , Lim Jee Young , Sengupta Rajatendu , Cho Baik Hwan , Gent Alan N
Published: August 2010

The interactions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) with rubber matrices are of great interest. Although both belong to the carbon filler family, their interactions are different. In this study the adhesion of CNTs, if any, with natural rubber (NR) was examined. Scanning electron microscopy examinations made on cryogenically fractured surfaces of a crosslinked NR sample containing 7% by weight of CNTs showed that the CNT bundles emerged from the side surface (narrowed by Poisson's ratio) and slowly slid back in when the deformation was removed. The protruded lengths were many times larger than the nanotube bundle diameters. This extensive slipping out of CNTs from the rubber matrix suggests that interfacial interactions between CNTs and NR are quite weak. In contrast, relatively strong interactions were found between CB and rubber, indicated by the large amount of bound rubber formation. Reinforcement of rubber by CNTs is therefore attributed to the large aspect ratio of CNT bundles. Physical entanglement with rubber molecules is then able to generate effective load transfer, replacing the strong adhesion found with CB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Bereaved females are more likely to suffer from mood problems even if they do not meet the criteria for prolonged grief
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Wen , Yin Shao‐Min , Hsieh Hui‐Ya , Wu Wei‐Chun , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Huang Chia‐Tsuan
Published: August 2010

Purpose: The goal of this study was to describe the gender difference of grief experience and mood distress among caregivers who cared for terminal cancer patients residing in a hospice ward.

Methods: This study recruited 432 caregivers who cared for terminal cancer patients in the hospice ward. Caregivers received telephone interviews 6 months after the patients had died. The Chinese versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) developed in 1995 by Prigerson et al. were employed to assess the mood distress and grief status.

Results: Total scores of BDI, BAI, and ICG were significantly higher in females. Six out of twenty‐one items of BDI, lack of satisfaction, crying spells, sleep disturbance, fatigability, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido, showed significantly higher scores in females. According to BAI, inability to relax, dizziness, fear of dying, fright, flushed face, and hot/cold sweats were significantly higher in females. After adjustment for potential confounders, the results show that female gender is associated with higher BDI (regression coefficient 3.24, 95% CI: 1.48–4.99), BAI (3.8; 1.11–6.50), and ICG (4.25, 1.09–7.40). Dichotomizing the BDI, BAI, and ICG into severe and nonsevere cases, the results showed that gender only contributes to severe anxiety status (BAI≧36), but not to severe depression (BDI≧29) or to prolonged grief (ICG≧25).

Conclusions: Bereaved females had higher scores for depression and anxiety than males. Female gender is associated with severe anxiety; however, it is not associated with severe depression or prolonged grief. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caregiver burden among poor caregivers of patients with cancer in an urban African setting
Authors: Yusuf Abdulkareem Jika , Adamu Abdullahi , Nuhu Folorunsho Tajudeen
Published: August 2010

Objectives: The nature and magnitude of the problems facing caregivers remain largely unknown in developing countries of the world. This study addresses these issues in a group of caregivers of patients with cancer in Zaria, Nigeria.

Method: One hundred and three patients attending an oncology outpatient clinic at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital were enrolled in the study with their caregivers. The caregivers were interviewed using the Socio‐demographic data sheet, General Health Questionnaire‐30 (GHQ‐30) and Zarith Burden Interview (ZBI). A score of 4 or more in GHQ and scores above the median score of the sample in ZBI were considered a clinically significant level of psychological morbidity and a high level of burden, respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 13 for Windows. All statistical tests of significance were carried out at 5% level of probability.

Results: The patients were 60 women whose mean age was 57. Of the 103 caregivers, 60 (58%) were men and 43 (42%) were women. Their mean age was 37. Their mean ZBI and GHQ‐30 scores were 29.16±12.8 (median = 25) and 3.67±3.01, respectively. A high level of burden was found in 49.5% (95% CI 39.9–59.1%) and psychological morbidity was found in 46.6% (95% CI 37.0–56.2%) of the caregivers. High levels of burden and psychological morbidity were significantly associated with absence of financial support.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high level of caregiver burden, psychological morbidity and financial strain in family caregivers coming to the clinic with a relative who has cancer in an urban Nigerian setting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale comparison of protein essential dynamics from molecular dynamics simulations and coarse‐grained normal mode analyses
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Villinger Saskia , Gohlke Holger
Published: August 2010

A large‐scale comparison of essential dynamics (ED) modes from molecular dynamic simulations and normal modes from coarse‐grained normal mode methods (CGNM) was performed on a dataset of 335 proteins. As CGNM methods, the elastic network model (ENM) and the rigid cluster normal mode analysis (RCNMA) were used. Low‐frequency normal modes from ENM correlate very well with ED modes in terms of directions of motions and relative amplitudes of motions. Notably, a similar performance was found if normal modes from RCNMA were used, despite a higher level of coarse graining. On average, the space spanned by the first quarter of ENM modes describes 84% of the space spanned by the five ED modes. Furthermore, no prominent differences for ED and CGNM modes among different protein structure classes (CATH classification) were found. This demonstrates the general potential of CGNM approaches for describing intrinsic motions of proteins with little computational cost. For selected cases, CGNM modes were found to be more robust among proteins that have the same topology or are of the same homologous superfamily than ED modes. In view of recent evidence regarding evolutionary conservation of vibrational dynamics, this suggests that ED modes, in some cases, might not be representative of the underlying dynamics that are characteristic of a whole family, probably due to insufficient sampling of some of the family members by MD. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.