bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of 1-year mortality in heart transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Foroutan Farid , Alba Ana Carolina , Guyatt Gordon , Duero Posada Juan , Ng Fat Hing Nicholas , Arseneau Erika , Meade Maureen , Hanna Steven , Badiwala Mitesh , Ross Heather
Published: August 2017

Objective

A systematic summary of the observational studies informing heart transplant guideline recommendations for selection of candidates and donors has thus far been unavailable. We performed a meta-analysis to better understand the impact of such known risk factors.

Methods

We systematically searched and meta-analysed the association between known pretransplant factor and 1-year mortality identified by multivariable regression models. Our review used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for assessing the quality of assessment. We pooled risk estimates by using random effects models.

Results

Recipient variables including age (HR 1.16 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.10–1.22, high quality), congenital aetiology (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.41, moderate quality), diabetes (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.62, high quality), creatinine (HR 1.11 per 1 mg/dL increase, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16, high quality), mechanical ventilation (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.09, low quality) and short-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.87, low quality) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Donor age (HR 1.20 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.26, high quality) and female donor to male recipient sex mismatch (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.80, high quality) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. None of the operative factors proved significant predictors.

Conclusion

High-quality and moderate-quality evidence demonstrates that recipient age, congenital aetiology, creatinine, pulsatile MCS, donor age and female donor to male recipient sex mismatch are associated with 1-year mortality post heart transplant. The results of this study should inform future guideline and predictive model development.
Acute chest pain evaluation using coronary computed tomography angiography compared with standard of care: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Gongora Carlos A , Bavishi Chirag , Uretsky Seth , Argulian Edgar
Published: August 2017

Objective

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has certain advantages compared with stress testing including greater accuracy in identifying obstructive coronary disease. The aim of the study was to perform a systematical review and meta-analysis comparing CCTA with other standard-of-care (SOC) approaches in evaluation of patients with acute chest pain.

Methods

Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify randomised clinical trials of patients with acute chest pain comparing CCTA with SOC approaches. We examined the following end points: mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and revascularisation. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and their 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects models.

Results

Ten trials with 6285 patients were included. The trials used different definitions and implementation for SOC but all used physiologic testing. The clinical follow-up ranged from 1 to 19 months. There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.36, p=0.17), MI (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.39, p=0.47) or MACE (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.43, p=0.92) between the groups. However, significantly higher rates of ICA (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.63, p=0.01) and revascularisation (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.31, p<0.0001) were observed in the CCTA arm.

Conclusions

Compared with other SOC approaches use of CCTA is associated with similar major adverse cardiac events but higher rates of revascularisation in patients with acute chest pain.
Testicular artery ligation at the deep inguinal ring to control postoperative haemorrhage in a feline castration
Authors: Maza Paul
Published: August 2017

An approximately four‐year‐old male intact feral domestic short‐haired cat was presented to a feral cat sterilisation clinic in September 2015. Closed castration was performed in routine fashion. Significant postsurgical haemorrhage was observed, coming from the incisions in the scrotum. Typical conservative therapy was not possible because the cat was feral and could not be contained and handled for treatment. The patient was prepared for a ventral mid‐line approach. The testicular arteries were ligated within the peritoneal cavity as they entered the deep inguinal rings. Bleeding from the scrotum stopped within seconds. Complications from feline castration are uncommon, but when significant haemorrhage is encountered, references cite entering the abdomen but do not describe the specific anatomy or surgical techniques employed to resolve haemorrhage. This case report describes a situation in which such actions were taken, with details on this previously unreported procedure such that others may be able to repeat it as necessary.
Saturation phenomenon research of fast light in a Tm3+-doped optical fiber at room temperature
Authors: Qiu Wei , Liu Jianjun , Wang Yuda , Yang Yujing , Lv Pin , Jiang Qiuli
Published: August 2017

The theoretical model and numerical simulations are established by the rate equation of thulium ion. Using the coherent population oscillation effect, we realize the controllable light velocity in the thulium doped fiber. We show that coherent population oscillations effect produces a very narrow spectral hole and anti-holes in the spectrum. The hole caused the amplitude modulation beam experience a large change of the group of refractive index, and makes us to achieve fast light propagation. Therefore, the pump intensity can be used as a control parameter to increase the fractional advance. In addition, we can confirm that the larger input intensity can lead to large time advancement, and saturation phenomenon of fast light exists in low frequency.
Post-collisional two-stage magmatism in the East Sarmatian Orogen, East European Craton: evidence from the Olkhovsky ring complex
Authors: Terentiev R. A. , Savko K. A. , Santosh M.
Published: August 2017

The Olkhovsky ring complex (ORC) is composed of a two-phase magmatic rock association with quartz diorite-quartz monzodiorite-granodiorite suite in the outer ring (OR) and trondhjemite as the inner stock (IS). Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the rocks of the OR and IS were emplaced at 2070 ± 9 Ma and 2044 ± 13 Ma, respectively. The OR rocks are intermediate and felsic, metaluminous, low to moderate alkali. Both rocks are enriched relative to primitive mantle in Rb, Ba, Sr, K, and depleted in Nb and Ti. The OR quartz diorite and IS trondhjemite are characterized by positive values εNd(T) = 2.2 and 1.6, respectively. The ORC belongs to intermediate I-type granite with nil or weak crustal contamination, whereas the IS trondhjemite shows adakite-like features that were contaminated with components from earlier magmatic pulses. The low degree of contamination of the hypothetical melt, its basaltic-andesite composition, the elevated potassium and magnesium contents, and trace element patterns of whole rock and zircon, suggest garnet-free lower crust or metasomatized mantle wedge as the magma source for the OR, in a post-collisional setting. The mechanism for the inner stock trondhjemite was probably similar, although the magma source was characterized by the presence of garnet with a moderate degree of melting.

Supplementary material:
Analytical methods and tabulated analytical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3851104
.
The Beryl Field area: increasing production in a mature asset
Authors: Pyle J. , Farquharson G. , Gibson J. , Helgeson D. , Towart J.
Published: August 2017

The Beryl Field is one of the largest oil fields in the UK Continental Shelf. Mobil commenced production in 1976 via the Beryl Alpha platform. Production peaked at approximately 200 000 BOE/day in 1993 before declining to around 50 000 BOE/day in 2012.

Apache assumed operatorship in 2012 and, along with partners Shell, has arrested and reversed production decline on platform production through investment in 3D seismic data, drilling, workovers and improvements to operational efficiency. Redevelopment to date by the Beryl area partnership has focused on strategic wells across multiple play types and fields. These wells have realized an 88% success rate and have led to the delineation of additional, lower risk, drill locations. Drilling flexibility, a deep target inventory and effective partner relationships help to expedite the most valuable opportunities and maintain the drilling campaign.

In the future, production growth is anticipated through cost-effective developments of new and existing near-field opportunities, including the recently discovered Callater Field with first oil planned in 2017.

Three case studies will illustrate: the importance of structural compartmentalization in under-developed fields; the opportunities remaining in mature fields as a result of historical field management practices; and the value of near and new field opportunities for extending field life.
Diversity of molecularly defined spinal interneurons engaged in mammalian locomotor pattern generation
Authors: Ziskind-Conhaim Lea , Hochman Shawn
Published: August 2017

Mapping the expression of transcription factors in the mouse spinal cord has identified ten progenitor domains, four of which are cardinal classes of molecularly defined, ventrally located interneurons that are integrated in the locomotor circuitry. This review focuses on the properties of these interneuronal populations and their contribution to hindlimb locomotor central pattern generation. Interneuronal populations are categorized based on their excitatory or inhibitory functions and their axonal projections as predictors of their role in locomotor rhythm generation and coordination. The synaptic connectivity and functions of these interneurons in the locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) have been assessed by correlating their activity patterns with motor output responses to rhythmogenic neurochemicals and sensory and descending fibers stimulations as well as analyzing kinematic gait patterns in adult mice. The observed complex organization of interneurons in the locomotor CPG circuitry, some with seemingly similar physiological functions, reflects the intricate repertoire associated with mammalian motor control and is consistent with high transcriptional heterogeneity arising from cardinal interneuronal classes. This review discusses insights derived from recent studies to describe innovative approaches and limitations in experimental model systems and to identify missing links in current investigational enterprise.
Spinal BDNF-induced phrenic motor facilitation requires PKCθ activity
Authors: Agosto-Marlin Ibis M. , Mitchell Gordon S.
Published: August 2017

Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is necessary and sufficient for certain forms of long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). BDNF elicits pMF by binding to its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), on phrenic motor neurons, potentially activating multiple downstream signaling cascades. Canonical BDNF/TrkB signaling includes the 1) Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK MAP kinase, 2) phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and 3) PLCγ/PKC pathways. Here we demonstrate that spinal BDNF-induced pMF requires PLCγ/PKCθ in normal rats but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. Cervical intrathecal injections of MEK/ERK (U0126) or PI3K/Akt (PI-828; 100 μM, 12 μl) inhibitor had no effect on BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; U0126 + BDNF: 59 ± 14%, PI-828 + BDNF: 59 ± 8%, inhibitor vehicle + BDNF: 56 ± 7%; all P ≥ 0.05). In contrast, PKCθ inhibition with theta inhibitory peptide (TIP; 0.86 mM, 12 μl) prevented BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; TIP + BDNF: −2 ± 2%; P ≤ 0.05 vs. other groups). Thus BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream PLCγ/PKCθ signaling, contrary to initial expectations.

NEW AND NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream signaling via PKCθ but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. These data are essential to understand the sequence of the cellular cascade leading to BDNF-dependent phrenic motor plasticity.
Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Frankson Rochelle , Yu Zhi-Hong , Bai Yunpeng , Li Qinglin , Zhang Ruo-Yu , Zhang Zhong-Yin
Published: August 2017

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are exciting and novel targets for cancer drug discovery that work in concert with protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) in controlling cellular homeostasis. Given the activating role that some PTKs play in initiating growth factor–mediated cellular processes, PTPs are usually perceived as the negative regulators of these events and therefore tumor suppressive in nature. However, mounting evidence indicate that PTPs do not always antagonize the activity of PTKs in regulating tyrosine phosphorylation, but can also play dominant roles in the initiation and progression of signaling cascades that regulate cell functions. It follows, therefore, that PTP malfunction can actively contribute to a host of human disorders, in particular, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. The Src homology domain containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the three-membered family of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) are infamously oncogenic members of the PTP superfamily. Both are established regulators of major cancer pathways such as Ras/ERK1/2, Src, JAK/STAT, JNK, NF-κB, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, upregulation, mutation, or other dysregulation of these PTPs has been positively correlated with cancer initiation and progression. This review will provide topical coverage of target validation and drug discovery efforts made in targeting these oncogenic PTPs as compelling candidates for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5701–5. ©2017 AACR.
Rare Human Codons and HCMV Translational Regulation
Authors: Kanduc Darja
Published: August 2017

Restriction of protein synthesis characterizes human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency in the human host. In analyzing the molecular factors that hinder HCMV expression, the present study shows that HCMV genes frequently use 6 rare codons, i.e., GCG (Ala), CCG (Pro), CGT (Arg), CGC (Arg), TCG (Ser), and ACG (Thr). In some instances, the rare host codons are clustered along viral nucleotide sequences and represent the majority in sequences encoding short alanine and proline repeats. Given the positive correlation between codon usage, tRNA content, and protein production, the results support the hypothesis that HCMV usage of rare human codons might hinder HCMV protein synthesis, in this way leading to HCMV latency.
Overexpression of a Laccase with Dye Decolorization Activity from Bacillus sp. Induced in Escherichia coli
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Zheng Bingsong , Jiang Dean , Qin Wensheng
Published: August 2017

Laccases from bacteria have been widely studied in the past 2 decades due to the higher growth rate of bacteria and their excellent thermal and alkaline pH stability. In this study, a novel laccase gene was cloned from Bacillus sp., analyzed, and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. The laccase was highly induced in the E. coli expression system with a maximum intracellular activity of 16 U mg-1 protein. The optimal temperature and pH of the purified laccase were 40°C and 4.6, respectively, when ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate]) was used as the substrate. The purified laccase showed high stability in the pH range of 3.0-9.0, and retained more than 70% of its activity after 24 h of incubation at 40°C with a pH value of 9.0. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited extremely high temperature and ion metal tolerance. The half-life of the purified laccase at 70°C was 15.9 h. The purified laccase could efficiently decolorize 3 chemical dyes, especially in the presence of ABTS as a mediator. The high production of this laccase in E. coli and exceptional characteristics of the recombinant enzyme protein make it a promising candidate for industrial applications.
Pathways to Brain Aging and Their Modifiers: Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS) Model - A Mini-Review
Authors: Raz Naftali , Daugherty Ana M.
Published: August 2017

In this mini-review, we survey the extant literature on brain aging, with the emphasis on longitudinal studies of neuroanatomy, including regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure. We assess the impact of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors on the trajectories of change in regional brain volumes and white matter properties, as well as the relationships between neuroanatomical and physiological changes and their influence on cognitive performance. We examine these findings in the context of current biological theories of aging and propose the means of integrating noninvasive measures - spectroscopic indices of brain energy metabolism and regional iron deposits - as valuable proxies for elucidating the basic neurobiology of human brain aging. In a brief summary of the recent findings pertaining to age-related changes in the brain structure and their impact on cognition, we discuss the role of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors in shaping the trajectories of change. Drawing on the extant biological theories of aging and mindful of the brain's role as a disproportionately voracious energy consumer in mammals, we emphasize the importance of the fundamental bioenergetic mechanisms as drivers of age-related changes in brain structure and function. We sketch out a model that builds on the conceptualization of aging as an expression of cumulative cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species and ensuing declines in energy metabolism. We outline the ways and means of adapting this model, Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS), to human aging and testing it within the constraints of noninvasive neuroimaging.
Cidadania, integração e identidades culturais na América Latina
Authors: Maldonado Alberto Efendy , Almeida Renata Cardoso de
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo situar e analisar audiovisuais que expressam as identidades latino-americanas; identificar como os discursos, dos audiovisuais distribuídos pela TAL TV, constroem a integração latino-americana; apresentar as formas em que a cidadania comunicacional é mostrada nos audiovisuais da TAL TV; e contribuir à compreensão de outros modos de fazer comunicativo, como alternativa aos sistemas midiáticos comerciais das elites. Para alcançar esses propósitos esta pesquisa foi construída com uma inspiração transmetodológica, utilizando bases teóricas de diversas áreas do conhecimento. Após observação sistemática dos audiovisuais selecionados foi realizada a análise dos discursos neles contidos, utilizando a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD).
O uso de fontes na cobertura policial no jornalismo online no Amapá: estudo dos sites G1 Amapá e SelesNafes.com
Authors: Sardinha Antonio Carlos , Santos Abinoan Santiago dos
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho dedica‑se a estudar como as fontes jornalísticas são usadas pelos sites G1 Amapá e SelesNafes.com nas matérias de cobertura policial. A análise quantitativa e qualitativa demonstra amplo predomínio do uso das fontes oficiais pelos veículos de comunicação em foco, deixando em evidência, na maioria das vezes, apenas um lado da versão sobre determinado fato. O referido estudo aponta para os riscos que os portais de notícias podem ter ao utilizar e confiar somente nas informações repassadas por fontes oficiais, afetando diretamente na vida dos atores envolvidos, a exemplo de uma condenação ou absolvição prévia.
Memória discursiva e lugar de fala nas propagandas televisivas do PMDB
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Ademir de , Gomes Vinicius Borges , Chaves Fernando De Resende
Published: August 2017

O artigo analisa os Programas Partidários Gratuitos (PPGs) do PMDB em rede nacional de televisão em 2015 e 2016. Busca-se compreender como a propaganda política aciona elementos na memória discursiva do eleitor para produzir efeitos de sentido e para constituir um lugar de fala do PMDB, que é ambivalente de início, mas de oposição com o desenrolar da crise política. O partido fala em tom de accountability sobre os ministérios que ocupa, mas marca sua diferença e sua posição crítica em relação ao governo, já que, em 2016, foi acatado o processo de impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff. A propaganda utiliza-se da memória discursiva em torno do PMDB – a conciliação, seja para legitimar seu lugar de fala ambíguo e entrecruzado, seja para justificar o protagonismo e a capacidade de unificar e pacificar o país.
A mídia na construção da representação política
Authors: Ferreira Nelson Toledo
Published: August 2017

A proposta deste artigo é refletir sobre as mutações na concepção de representação política nas últimas décadas, tendo a mídia como um fator intrínseco na relação entre representantes e representados. Neste sentido aponta-se a necessidade da atualização das estratégias, canais, meios e mídias dos partidos políticos, dos seus líderes, dos movimentos sociais e das associações da sociedade civil como garantia de legitimidade de suas ações e posicionamentos políticos frente aos seus segmentos-alvo, reforçando a importância da complementariedade desses modelos diferenciados de representação política.
Telejornalismo católico e seus noticiários: o caso do CN Notícias (Canção Nova) e do TJ Aparecida (TV Aparecida) na cobertura de admissibilidade do impeachment (2016)
Authors: Dias Robson , Albuquerque Renata Fernandes Oliveira de , Lacerda Eliane Muniz , Lemos Felipe Diemer de
Published: August 2017

O artigo analisa a pauta da votação da Câmara dos Deputados sobre a admissibilidade do processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff nostelejornais: CN Notícias (TV Canção Nova) e TJ Aparecida (TV Aparecida), constituindo um estudo comparativo por meio da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977), com base nos programas captados no dia 18 de abril de 2016 (segunda), dia após à sessão plenária (domingo), deste evento marcante na política brasileira. O objetivo é checar como cada telejornal de emissoras confessionais trataram o tema a partir dos aspectos técnicos do jornalismo (BARBEIRO; LIMA, 2002) a partir de sua estrutura de cobertura (Newsmaking). Telejornais de emissoras comerciais tradicionais possuem maior aparato e mais recursos do que os telejornais de emissoras confessionais e filantrópicas. É neste sentido que esta pesquisa avalia, de modo inédito, o tratamento desta pauta. O resultado mostra a cobertura feita com ineditismo e alto grau de valor notícia, em detrimento do que se pensava no previamente à investigação que os telejornais de emissoras confessionais fariam mero follow up: ao cozinhar notícias de outras emissoras.
O audiovisual no campo da economia política da comunicação: abordagens, métodos e notas para uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Morais Kátia , Jambeiro Othon , Ferreira Fábio
Published: August 2017

O artigo investigou como o tema “audiovisual” tem figurado na produção científica brasileira dentro das perspectivas contidas na Economia Política da Comunicação (EPC). O objetivo foi identificar as abordagens e métodos priorizados em publicações acadêmicas do campo da Comunicação. Partiu‑ se de duas categorias centrais: (1) Políticas de mídia e (2) Estruturas de mercado do audiovisual. O mapeamento dos trabalhos foi desenvolvido a partir da base de dados do Portal de Periódicos Capes, baseado em dois critérios: com acesso livre e classificação como Qualis B2 à A1 na área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. A busca se deu por título e resumo, utilizando‑ se termos previamente definidos.
Commonly screened antibiotics in raw milk from dairy plants under State Inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Galvani Juliane Webster de Carvalho , Tondo Eduardo Cesar , Brandelli Adriano
Published: August 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os antibióticos comumente investigados durante a rotina de processamento do leite cru recebido em laticínios sob Inspeção Estadual no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), entre janeiro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Entre as 36 indústrias participantes, os antibióticos mais comumente investigados foram beta-lactâmicos (100%) e tetraciclinas (69%). A seleção por quais antibióticos investigar no recebimento do leite foi influenciada pela praticidade e rapidez na execução da análise (67%), em detrimento do conhecimento específico sobre quais antibióticos eram utilizados pelos produtores de leite (22%).
Occurrence of viral diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus) in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Lara Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunol , Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Cunha Elenice Maria Sequetin , Oliveira José Victor De , Nassar Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro , Silva Lília Márcia Paulin , Okuda Liria Hiromi , Romaldini Adriana Hellmeister de Campos Nogueira , Cunha Mariana Sequetin , Marques Eduardo Carvalho , Mori Enio
Published: August 2017

Dentre as doenças que acometem os equídeos, as enfermidades virais assumem um papel importante do ponto de vista sanitário e econômico, especialmente a influenza, arterite viral, as infecções herpéticas e a estomatite vesicular. Na literatura nacional, existe pouco ou nenhum relato sobre a ocorrência de enfermidades infecciosas nos asininos. Tendo em vista a importância dos asininos para diferentes atividades e a falta de informações sobre as doenças que acometem esses animais, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência de anticorpos anti-EHV, antivírus da arterite equina, anti-estomatite vesicular e anti-influenza equina (H3N8) em 85 soros de jumentos criados no estado de São Paulo. Estimou-se que 50,6% apresentavam anticorpos contra o subtipo H3N8 do vírus da influenza; 47% (40/85) apresentavam anticorpos contra o EHV e 20% apresentavam anticorpos contra o vírus da arterite. Os jumentos não foram soro reagentes contra a estomatite vesicular. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os agentes EHV, vírus da arterite equina e influenza equina subtipo H3N8, circulam entre os jumentos do estado de São Paulo, caracterizando a importância do estabelecimento de uma rotina diagnostica e estudos epidemiológicos na espécie.
Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of 2 embryos and 1 foetus derived from a sheep (Ovis aries) without breed
Authors: Fernandes Isabella Rodrigues , Silva Marcos Vinicius Mendes , Russo Fabiele Baldino , Mendonça Dias João Leonardo Rodrigues , Abreu Dilayla Kelly de , Pignatari Graciela Conceição , Miglino Maria Angélica , Beltrão-Braga Patricia Cristina Baleeiro
Published: August 2017

O interesse em Embriologia, a ciência do desenvolvimento de um zigoto em um feto completamente desenvolvido, tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos devido a uma série de estudos envolvendo células-tronco pluripotentes embrionárias e induzidas. Além disso, o desenvolvimento de técnicas como a clonagem tem ajudado a compreender os eventos críticos que ocorrem durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Neste estudo, descrevemos a morfologia de dois embriões de ovinos e um feto utilizando técnicas macroscópicas e microscópicas. Obtivemos ovelhas sem raça definida com 24, 32 e 50 dias de gestação (estimado pelo método de Crown-Rump, CR). Os conceptos foram mensurados, pesados e caracterizados a olho nu. Macroscopicamente, observamos o desenvolvimento dos embriões E1 (24 dias), apresentando globo ocular sem pigmentação de retina e broto do membro torácico e pélvico. Já o E2 (32 dias), apresentava globo ocular com pigmentação na retina e os membros torácicos e pélvicos mais desenvolvidos. O F1 apresentou olhos cobertos com uma membrana e membros torácicos e pélvicos mais desenvolvidos. Enquanto isso, microscopicamente observamos no E1 somitos, ventrículo, átrio e cavidade oral ainda em desenvolvimento. Porém, no F1 já era possível observar ossificação da coluna espinhal, coração com estruturas mais complexas, como ventrículo, átrio, septo interventricular e saco pericárdio. Além disso, na cavidade oral observamos a formação da língua. Este trabalho fornece informações precisas e detalhadas sobre as características morfológicas dos principais órgãos dos sistemas (nervoso, circulatório, respiratório, digestivo e urinário) em cada fase embrionária e fetal analisadas.
Wound healing in Piaractus mesopotamicus supplemented with chromium carbochelate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bortoluzzi Neida Lucas , Castro Marcelo Pardi de , Claudiano Gustavo Da Silva , Yunis-Aguinaga Jefferson , Cueva-Quiroz Victor Alexander , Moraes Julieta Rodini Engrácia de , Moraes Flávio Ruas de
Published: August 2017

A cicatrização e reparação de tecidos são mecanismos essenciais para garantir a sobrevivência e saúde de qualquer indivíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da suplementação com carboquelato de cromo (CC) e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) sobre a cicatrização no peixe tropical Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para isto, os peixes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: controle (sem tratamento), suplementados com 18 mg/kg de carboquelato de cromo, 0,3% de S. cerevisiae e associação de ambos os suplementos. Após 105 dias de alimentação, foram realizadas incisões na pele de espessura completa (2,0 x 1,0 x 0,25 cm) removendo epiderme e derme. Avaliações macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a indução das feridas, para monitorar a taxa de cicatrização. As bordas opostas das feridas avançaram gradualmente a cada dia, demonstrando o aumento progressivo do processo de cicatrização ao longo do tempo. O processo inflamatório foi exacerbado e expansivo, com aumento no número de células mucosas e cromatóforos. Apesar deste processo, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na retração das feridas e nos parâmetros microscópicos entre os grupos. Peixes suplementados com CC ou Sc apresentaram rápida reepitelização, maior grau de organização de fibras colágenas e de neovascularização inicial. Concluiu-se que a suplementação com S. cerevisiae ou carboquelato de cromo melhora aspectos específicos do processo cicatricial no pacu.
In vitro culture of ovine mammary gland cells expressing beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein
Authors: Giassetti Mariana Ianello , Barros Flávia Regina Oliveira de , Mendes Camilla Mota , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi , Maria Fernanda Sevciuc , Siqueira Adriano Felipe Perez , Simões Renata , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz Avila , Visintin José Antônio
Published: August 2017

A expressão in vitro de proteínas do leite e essencial para explorar as células da glândula mamaria como um modelo biológico. A desagregação tecidual via enzimática e amplamente utilizada para o estabelecimento cultivo de células mamarias. No entanto, seu efeito a longo prazo no cultivo de células da glândula mamaria ovina ainda não e bem elucidado. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar dois métodos de dissociação tecidual, mecânico/enzimático e mecânico, para estabelecer cultivo celular de glândula mamaria ovina. A indução da diferenciação celular, por adição de soro de ovelha lactante ou soro fetal bovino, foi avaliada pelos níveis de expressão de proteínas do leite (beta-lactoglobulina, alpha s1-caseina e beta-caseína). Células mecanicamente dissociadas foram positivamente marcadas para a presença de citoqueratina 8.13, marcador para células epiteliais mamarias. Essas células são as responsáveis pela produção das proteínas do leite e são pouco marcadas para a presença de vimentina, marcador para células de origem mesenquimal. Já as células obtidas da dissociação mecânica/ enzimática foram positivamente marcadas para presença de vimentina. A maior velocidade de crescimento (células/hora) foi observado para o grupo com dissociação mecânica cultivado em meio com 10% de soro fetal bovino. As células obtidas tanto da dissociação mecânica quanto mecânica/enzimática foram capazes de expressar beta-lactoglobulina e beta-caseína, mas não alfa s1-caseina. A expressão relativa de beta-lactoglobulina não foi afetada pelo método de dissociação ou meio de cultivo. A expressão relativa da beta-caseína foi negativamente regulada para células mecanicamente dissociadas e cultivadas na presença de soro de ovelha lactante (P = 0,019). A expressão relativa da beta-caseína também foi negativamente regulada para células dissociadas de forma mecânica/enzimática e cultivadas com soro fetal bovino (P = 0,021). Nas condições do presente estudo, concluímos que o método de dissociação mecânica seguido pelo cultivo em meio com 10% de soro fetal bovino foi o método mais eficiente para induzir a expressão mRNA de proteínas do leite por células epiteliais mamarias ovinas in vitro.
A gramática do réu: a objetivação do assassino como exercício de poder
Authors: Stübe Angela Derlise , Barp Luiz Fernando Greiner
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho investiga como o discurso policial, materializado no discurso jornalístico, contribui para a constituição de um sujeito-réu, (re)velando saberes e poderes que circulam em nossa sociedade. Para isso, utilizamos da arquegenealogia de Michel Foucault como aparato teórico-metodológico e tomamos como corpus de análise duas matérias jornalísticas que detalham a prisão de investigados pelo crime de homicídio. Como resultado, identificamos que o suposto assassino é objetivado a partir de verdades historicamente construídas, que tendem a conduzi-lo para um lugar pré-determinado no dia de seu julgamento.
O discurso poético e as relações de e com o poder na poesia de Cacaso
Authors: Micheletti Guaraciaba
Published: August 2017

A literatura, como toda expressão artística, estabelece relações com o contexto histórico. Dependendo do autor, das circunstâncias político-sociais e mesmo das tendências estéticas, encontrar-se-ão marcas mais vincadas no discurso literário. Medeiros (http://www.portalconscienciapolitica.com.br/products/literatura-engajada/), referindo-se a Sartre, registra que “há escritores que escolhem “engajar-se” através de suas obras e escritos a partir dos quais expressam, entre outras coisas, o embate entre a arte e o realismo político”. É o que se constata na poesia de Cacaso. Estabelecendo um claro diálogo com outros autores e valendo-se do recurso da ironia, Cacaso constrói uma poesia cerebrina e assaz crítica à ditadura militar a que estava submetido o Brasil entre 1964 e o início dos anos 80. O engajamento implica numa reflexão do escritor sobre as relações que trava a literatura com a política e com a sociedade. Ainda, conforme Medeiros, “há um compromisso do escritor com a sociedade”. Sem arvorar-se em panfletária, é esse o legado poético de Cacaso à Literatura Brasileira: uma poesia reflexiva, construída com o cotidiano, perpassada por toques de humor. Buscamos analisar as relações entre o poder e a construção poética de Cacaso, em poemas da coletânea “Lero-Lero”, tendo como bases teóricas, entre outros, Bakhtin, Brait, Martins.
A Wide and Specific Spectrum of Genetic Variants and Genotype–Phenotype Correlations Revealed by Next‐Generation Sequencing in Patients with Left Ventricular Noncompaction
Authors: Wang Ce , Hata Yukiko , Hirono Keiichi , Takasaki Asami , Ozawa Sayaka Watanabe , Nakaoka Hideyuki , Saito Kazuyoshi , Miyao Nariaki , Okabe Mako , Ibuki Keijiro , Nishida Naoki , Origasa Hideki , Yu Xianyi , Bowles Neil E. , Ichida Fukiko ,   for LVNC Study Collaborators
Published: August 2017

Background

Left ventricular noncompaction (
LVNC
) has since been classified as a primary genetic cardiomyopathy, but the genetic basis is not fully evaluated. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic spectrum using next‐generation sequencing and to evaluate genotype–phenotype correlations in
LVNC
patients.

Methods and Results

Using next‐generation sequencing, we targeted and sequenced 73 genes related to cardiomyopathy in 102 unrelated
LVNC
patients. We identified 43 pathogenic variants in 16 genes in 39 patients (38%); 28 were novel variants. Sarcomere gene variants accounted for 63%, and variants in genes associated with channelopathies accounted for 12%.
MYH7
and
TAZ
pathogenic variants were the most common, and rare variant collapsing analysis showed variants in these genes contributed to the risk of
LVNC
, although patients carrying
MYH7
and
TAZ
pathogenic variants displayed different phenotypes. Patients with pathogenic variants had early age of onset and more severely decreased left ventricular ejection fractions. Survival analysis showed poorer prognosis in patients with pathogenic variants, especially those with multiple variants: All died before their first birthdays. Adverse events were noted in 17 patients, including 13 deaths, 3 heart transplants, and 1 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator insertion. Congestive heart failure at diagnosis and pathogenic variants were independent risk factors for these adverse events.

Conclusions

Next‐generation sequencing revealed a wide spectrum of genetic variations and a high incidence of pathogenic variants in
LVNC
patients. These pathogenic variants were independent risk factors for adverse events. Patients harboring pathogenic variants showed poor prognosis and should be followed closely.
Routine Production: Publishing Qianlong’s Poetry Collections
Authors: Yan Zinan
Published: August 2017

Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) published his imperial poetry collections at regular intervals during his reign. This article reconstructs the gradual process of routinization of these activities through a close reading of the collections’ prefaces and postscripts. Understanding this process helps us to understand the subtlety of the intra-court communications between Qianlong and his officials, which contextualizes how Qianlong’s intent was delivered, received, and actualized in courtly practice. This routinization process also had a certain influence upon Qianlong and his successors, and suggests a possible reason behind Qianlong’s large poetry production. 

L’empereur Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) a publié régulièrement au cours de son règne des collections de ses poèmes. Se fondant sur une étude des préfaces et postfaces de ces collections, cet article reconstruit le processus qui a mené progressivement à établir des procédures routinières en vue de telles publications. Ce processus nous permet de mieux saisir la complexité des communications au sein de la Cour entre Qianlong et ses hauts fonctionnaires, et de contextualiser les manières dont les projets de l’empereur étaient exprimés, compris et mis en œuvre au sein de la Cour. Une telle routinisation a en retour influencé les pratiques de Qianlong et de ses successeurs, et suggère une raison crédible pour la grande abondance de la production poétique de Qianlong.
Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna
Authors: BROOKS SCOTT E. , CUMMING JEFFREY M.
Published: August 2017

The Nearctic species of Parathalassius Mik are revised and the world species are reviewed. Twelve species are recorded from the Nearctic Region including nine new species: P. abela sp. nov., P. aldrichi Melander, P. candidatus Melander, P. dilatus sp. nov., P. infuscatus sp. nov., P. melanderi Cole, P. midas sp. nov., P. sinclairi sp. nov., P. socali sp. nov., P. susanae sp. nov., P. uniformus sp. nov., and P. wheeleri sp. nov. Lectotype designations are made for P. aldrichi Melander and P. melanderi Cole. A key to the 15 world species is provided and the distributions of the Nearctic species are mapped. COI mitochondrial DNA barcode sequences were obtained for 12 species of Parathalassius. A morphological                 phylogenetic analysis of the included species is presented and known ecological information is summarized.
Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae)
Authors: WOOLLEY J. B. , MOLIN A. DAL
Published: August 2017

The flavopalliata species group of Signiphora Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) is revised. Twelve species are redescribed: Signiphora aleyrodis Ashmead, S. aspidioti Ashmead, S. borinquensis Quezada et al., S. coquilletti Ashmead, S. fax Girault, S. flavella Girault, S. flavopalliata Ashmead, S. lutea Rust, S. maculata Girault, S. merceti Malenotti, S. perpauca Girault and S. xanthographa Blanchard. Signiphora townsendi Ashmead is synonymized under S. aleyrodis n. syn.; Thysanus insularis Dozier and S. flavopalliata desantisi De Santis are synonymized under S. fax n. syns.; S. basilica Girault, S. euclidi Girault, S. flava Girault, S. caridei Brèthes, S. thoreauini Girault and Thysanus louisianae Dozier are synonymized under S. flavella n. syns.; and S. woolleyi Hayat is synonymized under S. perpauca n. syn. Thirteen new species are described: S. bennetti n. sp., S. biloba n. sp., S. brachyptera n. sp., S. curepensis n. sp., S. dozieri n. sp., S. ehleri n. sp., S. ensifera n. sp., S. falcata n. sp., S. jojobae n. sp., S. longitibia n. sp., S. plaumanni n. sp., S. renuncula n. sp. and S. tridentata n. sp. Lectotypes are designated for S. aleyrodis, S. townsendi, S. fax, S. flavella, S. occidentalis, S. lutea, S. maculata and S. xanthographa.
Seasonal Variations in Severe Weather Forecast Skill in an Experimental Convection-Allowing Model
Authors: Sobash Ryan A. , Kain John S.
Published: August 2017

Eight years of daily, experimental, deterministic, convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts, produced by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, were evaluated to assess their ability at predicting severe weather hazards over a diverse collection of seasons, regions, and environments. To do so, forecasts of severe weather hazards were produced and verified as in previous studies using CAM output, namely by thresholding the updraft helicity (UH) field, smoothing the resulting binary field to create surrogate severe probability forecasts (SSPFs), and verifying the SSPFs against observed storm reports. SSPFs were most skillful during the spring and fall, with a relative minimum in skill observed during the summer. SSPF skill during the winter months was more variable than during other seasons, partly due to the limited sample size of events, but was often less than that during the warm season. The seasonal behavior of SSPF skill was partly driven by the relationship between the UH threshold and the likelihood of obtaining severe storm reports. Varying UH thresholds by season and region produced SSPFs that were more skillful than using a fixed UH threshold to identify severe convection. Accounting for this variability was most important during the cool season, when a lower UH threshold produced larger SSPF skill compared to warm-season events, and during the summer, when large differences in skill occurred within different parts of the continental United States (CONUS), depending on the choice of UH threshold. This relationship between UH threshold and SSPF skill is discussed within the larger scope of generating skillful CAM-based guidance for hazardous convective weather and verifying CAM predictions.
Pitch Deviation Analysis of Pathological Voice in Connected Speech
Authors: Laflen J. Brandon , Lazarus Cathy L. , Amin Milan R.
Published: August 2017

Objectives

This study compares normal and pathologic voices using a novel voice analysis algorithm that examines pitch deviation during connected speech. The study evaluates the clinical potential of the algorithm as a mechanism to distinguish between normal and pathologic voices using connected speech.

Methods

Adult vocalizations from normal subjects and patients with known benign free-edge vocal fold lesions were analyzed. Recordings had been previously obtained in quiet under controlled conditions. Two phrases and sustained /a/ were recorded per subject. The subject populations consisted of 10 normal and 31 abnormal subjects. The voice analysis algorithm generated 2-dimensional patterns that represent pitch deviation in time and under variable window widths. Measures were collected from these patterns for window widths between 10 and 250 ms. For comparison, jitter and shimmer measures were collected from sustained /a/ by means of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). A t-test and tests of sensitivity and specificity assessed discrimination between normal and abnormal populations.

Results

More than 58% of the measures collected from connected speech outperformed the CSL jitter and shimmer measures in population discrimination. Twenty-five percent of the experimental measures (including /a/) indicated significantly different populations (p < .01%).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that the algorithm distinguishes between normal and abnormal populations by use of samples of connected speech.
Effect of Oxymetazoline on Healthy Human Nasal Ciliary Beat Frequency Measured with High-Speed Digital Microscopy and Mucociliary Transport Time
Authors: Zhang Luo , Han Demin , Song Xiaohong , Wang Kuiji , Wang Hong
Published: August 2017

Objectives

We investigated the effects of oxymetazoline hydrochloride on the regulation of healthy human nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and its influence on nasal mucociliary transport time (MTT).

Methods

Changes in (cultured) human nasal CBF in response to increasing concentrations of oxymetazoline within 20 minutes were quantified by use of high-speed digital microscopy. Moreover, the MTT before and after application of 0.05% oxymetazoline was determined by use of the saccharin test.

Results

Whereas no statistically significant difference was identified when compared to basal CBF at the concentration of 0.025% or 0.05%, both 0.10% and 0.20% oxymetazoline induced a significantly lower CBF at the end of the observation period. The decrement induced by 0.20% oxymetazoline appeared earlier. At concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.20%, the inhibitory effect was dependent on the concentration of oxymetazoline. In addition, the use of 0.05% oxymetazoline increased the mean (±SD) human nasal MTT from 474 ± 21 seconds to 572 ± 41 seconds (n = 29).

Conclusions

The clinical concentration of oxymetazoline, 0.05%, has no obvious inhibitory effect on human nasal CBF in vitro. The increased MTT caused by 0.05% oxymetazoline in vivo is within the normal range.
Feedback From Internship Mentors in Technical Communication Internships
Authors: Kramer-Simpson Elisabeth
Published: August 2017

Documenting and characterizing interactions between student interns and their mentors in the workplace offers perspective on student learning and enculturation that can help us introduce these ways of learning to students in the technical communication classroom, even before the internship. Three student intern conversations in the internship setting are the focus of this close discourse analysis, framed by 6-month-long case studies and Vygotsky’s learning theory. Results indicate that many similarities exist between classroom feedback and mentor feedback in the internship, but that differences in student agency may make negotiation important in the technical communication classroom.
Psycho-social characteristics of Muslim elderly: An empirical investigation
Authors: Nagi B.S. , Kaur Kamaljit
Published: August 2017

Old age is inevitable and its process is not reversible. Everyone has to face it irrespective of religion, caste, and creed. The population of elderly people is growing very fast. A very scant literature on problems of the old in India exists because their problems have not been accorded high priority till recently. Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to examine the different aspects of elderly people belonging to Muslim community. An area in the surrounding of the Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi was selected for the same. One hundred and four elderly persons of 60 years and above were interviewed with the help of an Interview Schedule. About 43 per cent respondents were females. About 45 per cent perceived their health as poor or very poor. The respondents in the age group of 60-65 years are involved more in household decision making as compared to other age category of respondents (66 years and above). Life satisfaction is found more among the respondents of 60-65 years of age as compared to other age category of respondents. There is a significant relationship between the decision making and life satisfaction, which shows that the respondents having more involvement in the household decision making enjoy more life satisfaction.