bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Qualification and Verification Strategy for Digital Tissue Image Analysis in Toxicological Pathology
Authors: Zuraw Aleksandra , Staup Michael , Klopfleisch Robert , Aeffner Famke , Brown Danielle , Westerling-Bui Thomas , Rudmann Daniel
Published: December 2020

Digital tissue image analysis is a computational method for analyzing whole-slide images and extracting large, complex, and quantitative data sets. However, as with any analysis method, the quality of generated results is dependent on a well-designed quality control system for the entire digital pathology workflow. Such system requires clear procedural controls, appropriate user training, and involvement of specialists to oversee key steps of the workflow. The toxicologic pathologist is responsible for reporting data obtained by digital image analysis and therefore needs to ensure that it is correct. To accomplish that, they must understand the main parameters of the quality control system and should play an integral part in its conception and implementation. This manuscript describes the most common digital tissue image analysis end points and potential sources of analysis errors. In addition, it outlines recommended approaches for ensuring quality and correctness of results for both classical and machine-learning based image analysis solutions, as adapted from a recently proposed Food and Drug Administration regulatory framework for modifications to artificial intelligence/machine learning-based software as a medical device. These approaches are beneficial for any type of toxicopathologic study which uses the described end points and can be adjusted based on the intended use of the image analysis solution.
Deep Learning in Toxicologic Pathology: A New Approach to Evaluate Rodent Retinal Atrophy
Authors: De Vera Mudry Maria Cristina , Martin Jim , Schumacher Vanessa , Venugopal Raghavan
Published: December 2020

Quantification of retinal atrophy, caused by therapeutics and/or light, by manual measurement of retinal layers is labor intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we explored the role of deep learning (DL) in automating the assessment of retinal atrophy, particularly of the outer and inner nuclear layers, in rats. Herein, we report our experience creating and employing a hybrid approach, which combines conventional image processing and DL to quantify rodent retinal atrophy. Utilizing a DL approach based upon the VGG16 model architecture, models were trained, tested, and validated using 10,746 image patches scanned from whole slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin-eosin stained rodent retina. The accuracy of this computational method was validated using pathologist annotated WSIs throughout and used to separately quantify the thickness of the outer and inner nuclear layers of the retina. Our results show that DL can facilitate the evaluation of therapeutic and/or light-induced atrophy, particularly of the outer retina, efficiently in rodents. In addition, this study provides a template which can be used to train, validate, and analyze the results of toxicologic pathology DL models across different animal species used in preclinical efficacy and safety studies.
Nuances and Management of Hilar Submandibular Sialoliths With Combined Transoral Robotic Surgery–Assisted Sialolithotomy and Sialendoscopy
Authors: Wen Christopher Z. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Elrakhawy Mohamed , Paul Ellen A. , Rassekh Christopher H.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To describe the management, technical nuances, and success rates of transoral robotic surgery (TORS)–assisted sialolithotomy.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Setting

Quaternary academic medical center.

Methods

Between the months of January 2015 and May 2019, patients with hilar submandibular gland stones underwent 2 main variations of TORS‐assisted sialolithotomy and sialendoscopy: (1) TORS followed by sialendoscopy for patients with palpable predominantly single stones and (2) either sialendoscopy followed by TORS and sialendoscopy or sialendoscopy followed by TORS only for patients with nonpalpable or multiple stones. Clinical charts were reviewed to collect data, including stone size (imaging review, intraoperative measurement), palpability, duration of operation, TORS variation, operative challenges, symptom improvement, gland preservation rate, and complications.

Results

Thirty‐seven patients were identified. Patients were 26 to 80 years old (mean, 57.2 years), and 40.5% were female. Twenty‐four patients (64.9%) underwent TORS followed by sialendoscopy; 10 (27.0%), sialendoscopy followed by TORS and sialendoscopy; and 3 (8.1%), sialendoscopy followed by TORS only. The mean stone size was 12.4 mm (range, 4‐28 mm). Eleven patients had multiple stones with a mean 4 stones per patient (range, 2‐9). Procedural success was 91.9% (34/37) at a mean follow‐up of 34.2 weeks (range, 1.4‐262.1), and the gland preservation rate was 97.3% (36/37). No patients reported symptoms of lingual nerve injury at 3‐month follow‐up.

Conclusion

TORS combined with sialendoscopy for hilar submandibular gland sialolithiasis allows for improved visualization of critical anatomy, tissue manipulation, and operative flexibility. In our experience, the operative success rate is high, and duration of surgery compares favorably with conventional combined hilar approaches.
Return to work following total knee arthroplasty: A multiple case study of stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Coutu Marie-France , Gaudreault Nathaly , Major Marie-Eve , Nastasia Iuliana , Dumais Réjean , Deshaies Annie , Pettigrew Sara , Labrecque Marie-Elise , Desmeules François , Maillette Pascale
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The study’s aim was to gain insights into factors influencing sustainable return to work following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design:

A descriptive multiple-case design was used. A case was defined as a worker’s following TKA work disability situation.

Settings:

The cases came from public hospitals in urban and semi-urban areas in Quebec (Canada) and involved mostly non-work-related TKAs.

Subjects:

Workers had to be between 6 and 12 months post-TKA, have physical/manual jobs and currently employed. Their rehabilitation professionals and workplace representatives (employer and/or union) were also recruited, based on the work disability paradigm.

Main measures:

Semi-structured interviews, questionnaires on pain, physical work demands (workers only), and observation of the work activities of those workers back at work were used. Cases were compared and categorized for worker-perceived levels of difficulty in returning to or staying at work: little or no difficulty ( n = 8); some difficulty ( n = 5); not back at work due to excessive difficulty with their knee ( n = 4).

Results:

A total of 17 cases were constituted. In only one case, the worker benefitted from an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation approach. Results highlight the interplay among these factors: (1) the workers’ perceptions of their residual symptoms and ability to manage them, (2) the interaction between work adjustments and tools offered by the employers and the workers’ own strategies, and (3) perceptions of the workers’ physical capacities.

Conclusion:

Workers’ who face high levels of work demands/difficulties and who have limited access to work adjustments and tools should be referred for work rehabilitation.
The STEM Pipeline: Do Media and Objectified Body Consciousness Create an Early Exit for Middle School Girls?
Authors: Daniels Elizabeth A. , Robnett Rachael D.
Published: December 2020

Girls and women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Research has investigated various explanatory factors (e.g., lack of role models, sexism) in these patterns. However, to date, the roles of media use and body concerns have not been examined. This study investigated associations among appearance-focused social media behaviors (e.g., posting photos), objectified body consciousness (i.e., body shame, body surveillance), and attitudes toward math and science (i.e., self-expectancy, task value, cost, future plans) in a sample of U.S. middle school girls ( N = 243). Results demonstrated that body shame partially mediated associations between appearance-focused social media behaviors and math and science attitudes. These findings suggest that media use and body concerns have implications for girls’ involvement in STEM fields.
Thank You for Being a Friend: A Peer-Learning Approach to Marketing Education
Authors: Lastner Matthew M. , Delpechitre Duleep , Goad Emily A. , Andzulis James “Mick”
Published: December 2020

Peer learning, a pedagogical approach whereby students are partnered together to have one student actively help another student learn predetermined content or skills, has long been utilized as an effective complement to more traditional instructional methods across a wide range of educational disciplines. This approach has been found to reduce the stress of learning, increase student engagement, and yield benefits to both the tutor and the tutee to a roughly equal degree. Yet, pedagogical research to this point has mostly failed to explore the usefulness of this approach to marketing and sales education. In the present research, we examine the effectiveness of peer-learning applications in a sales context and discuss marketing educators' implications. More specifically, we assess college sales students’ perceptions of peer-learning role-play exercise and further examine whether peer-learning exercises can improve students’ abilities. The results indicate that peer-learning exercises are not only enjoyed by students but are capable of producing objective performance improvement for both introductory and advanced students.
The Role of Interorganizational Competition in Motivating Street-Level Bureaucrats to Adopt Policy Entrepreneurship Strategies: The Case of Israeli Rabbis in Government Hospitals
Authors: Golan-Nadir Niva
Published: December 2020

What is the role of interorganizational competition in motivating street-level bureaucrats to adopt policy entrepreneurship strategies? What are their main goals in adopting such strategies? We argue that in the wake of New Public Management, interorganizational competition encourages street-level bureaucrats to adopt policy entrepreneurship strategies. We further suggest that three competition-oriented elements motivate entrepreneurial initiatives at the street level: (a) personal, (b) organizational (interorganizational and intraorganizational), and (c) cultural demographic. In addition, we argue that the goal of street-level bureaucrats as policy entrepreneurs is to influence public policy results for their own benefit. They do so because they and their organizations are rewarded financially as their clients’ satisfaction with the services provided increases. Using in-depth interviews, online questionnaires, and textual analysis, we test these claims by analyzing the case of Israeli rabbis in government hospitals. We demonstrate how their goal in entrepreneurship is mainly to attract patients to their organization.
Joint-level force sensing for indirect hybrid force/position control of continuum robots with friction
Authors: Yasin Rashid , Simaan Nabil
Published: December 2020

Continuum robots offer the dexterity and obstacle circumvention capabilities necessary to enable surgery in deep surgical sites. They also can enable joint-level ex situ force sensing (JEFS), which provides an estimate of end-effector wrenches given joint-level forces. Prior works on JEFS relied on a restrictive embodiment with minimal actuation line friction and captured model and frictional actuation transmission uncertainties using a configuration space formulation. In this work, we overcome these limitations. First, frictional losses are canceled using a feed-forward term based on support vector regression in joint space. Then, regression maps and their interpolation are used to account for actuation hysteresis. The residual joint-force error is then further minimized using a least-squares model parameter update. An indirect hybrid force/position controller using JEFS is presented with evaluation carried out on a realistic pre-clinically deployable insertable robotic effectors platform (IREP) for single-port access surgery. Automated mock force-controlled ablation, exploration, and knot tightening are evaluated. A user study involving the daVinci Research Kit surgeon console and the IREP as a surgical slave was carried out to compare the performance of users with and without force feedback based on JEFS for force-controlled ablation and knot tightening. Results in automated experiments and a user study of telemanipulated experiments suggest that intrinsic force-sensing can achieve levels of force uncertainty and force regulation errors of the order of 0.2 N. Using JEFS and automated task execution, repeatability, and force regulation accuracy is shown to be comparable to using a commercial force sensor for human-in-the-loop feedback.
Evaluation of local constitutive properties of Al2024 friction stir-welded joints using digital image correlation method
Authors: Shahmirzaloo A. , Farahani M. , Farhang M.
Published: December 2020

The intense applied thermal gradients during the welding process leads to the variation in the properties of the weld zone and its surrounding areas. In this regard, determining the local mechanical properties and evolved microstructures of the weld and its surrounding zones are essential in the evaluation of welded structures. In this study, the local mechanical properties of Al2024 friction-stir-welded joints were precisely examined. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique using uniform stress (USM) and virtual field methods (VFM) were utilized to evaluate the local mechanical properties. The local stress-strain curves were plotted for different weld regions using local strain from the DIC technique. It was observed that the advancing side of the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) had the lowest values of Young’s modulus and yield strength (YS), approximately 9% and 31% of the base metal, respectively. Effects of welding parameters, such as tool rotational and traverse speeds, were also taken into account. The plotted local stress-strain curve for the fractured region of welded specimens at lower rotational speed illustrated a higher strength and elongation. Furthermore, lower rotational and also higher traverse speeds resulted in the reduction of the grain size.
Studies on integration of different capacity offshore wind farms in power grid
Authors: Riaz Mohammad Mushir , Khan Badrul Hasan
Published: December 2020

This work is in continuation of our earlier pre-feasibility study that was carried out to investigate the prospects of constructing an offshore wind farm in the coastal region of south India. After selection of the suitable site and optimal wind turbine, another challenge was to penetrate wind energy in the grid. The present study aims to select an economical and technically feasible connection point in the test grid for wind farm integration. For each of the seven available connection points, load flow analysis was done using MATLAB, to assess how grid reacts to the power produced by different capacity wind farms. Results of the present study suggest that the offshore wind farms consisting of 10 to 23 turbines (RE power 6.2M), may be connected at grid point C, where the voltage level after penetration of wind farm was found to be within the acceptable range.
A numerical investigation of the effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamic and structural behavior of offshore wind turbine blade
Authors: Lagdani Oumnia , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Nachtane Mourad , Trihi Mourad , Laaouidi Houda
Published: December 2020

In recent years, several wind turbines have been installed in cold climate sites and are menaced by the icing phenomenon. This article focuses on two parts: the study of the aerodynamic and structural performances of wind turbines subject to atmospheric icing. Firstly, the aerodynamic analysis of NACA 4412 airfoil was obtained using QBlade software for a clean and iced profile. Finite element method (FEM) was employed using ABAQUS software to simulate the structural behavior of a wind turbine blade with 100 mm ice thickness. A comparative study of two composite materials and two blade positions were considered in this section. Hashin criterion was chosen to identify the failure modes and determine the most sensitive areas of the structure. It has been found that the aerodynamic and structural performance of the turbine were degraded when ice accumulated on the leading edge of the blade and changed the shape of its profile.
Factors Influencing Clinical Success Following Endovascular Treatment of Type II Endoleaks
Authors: Hamidizadeh Ramin , Nzekwu Emeka , Halliwell Oliver
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To compare long-term outcomes of transarterial (TA) and translumbar (TL) embolization of type II endoleaks (T2E) following EVAR, as well as factors that predict clinical success.

Methods:

129 (mean age, 71.4y; range, 53-95) with T2E referred for embolization from August-2003 to December-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. One-hundred-eighty procedures were performed via TA (n = 139) and TL (n = 41) approaches, with 37 patients undergoing 51 reinterventions. Clinical success was defined as absence of endoleak and/or absence of aneurysm sac enlargement on follow-up imaging. Medical comorbidities, procedural data, embolic agents used, presence of successful sac embolization, and 30-day morbidity and mortality data were collected.

Results:

TL approaches had higher technical success (41/41 vs.122/139, p = .014). Clinical success rates were 52% (N = 58/111) and 62% (N = 23/37) for TA and TL procedures respectively ( p = .34). Looking at all procedures, sac embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue had higher clinical success compared to other embolic agents ( p = .017-.037). Successful sac access was a strong predictor of success for TA procedures (46/78 vs.12/33, p = .0379). 30-day complication rates were similar between TA (5.8%) and TL (4.9%) approaches. There was 1 death secondary to graft infection following TA embolization.

Conclusions:

Overall clinical success of TA and TL embolization when considering re-interventions is high. n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue had significantly higher success than other embolic agents ( p = .017-.037). Successful sac access was associated with success for TA procedures.
Experiences and Correlates of Violence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: A Brief Report
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Banyard Victoria L. , Charge Leon Leader , Kollar Laura M. Mercer , Fortson Beverly
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to document the scope and correlates of past 6-month victimization among American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) youth. Types of victimization under investigation included sexual assault, dating violence, bullying, sharing of nude photos, sexual harassment, homophobic teasing, and racism. Participants were 400 AI and AN youth in grades 7–10 who completed a survey in school. Results documented concerning rates of all forms of victimization among AI and AN youth during the past 6 months. Although most forms of victimization were related, bullying (at school and electronically), racism, and sexual harassment occurred more often than sexual assault and dating violence. Older youth, girls, and sexual minorities were more likely to report some forms of violence than younger youth, boys, and heterosexual youth respectively. Compared to nonvictims, victim status was consistently related to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use and was less consistently correlated with feelings of school mattering. Evidence-based, culturally grounded prevention and response efforts are needed for AI and AN youth, as well as broader initiatives that seek to reduce health disparities among AI and AN youth.
Racial Misdirection: How Anti-affirmative Action Crusaders use Distraction and Spectacle to Promote Incomplete Conceptions of Merit and Perpetuate Racial Inequality
Authors: Barnes Malerie Beth , Moses Michele S.
Published: December 2020

Despite the marginal success that anti-affirmative action groups have had at paring back the use of race in college admissions practices, affirmative action has remained largely in-tact as a tool to promote diversity on college campuses. But what might happen if “diversity”—the very thing that heretofore has protected affirmative action—was used instead as proof of its supposed unfairness? In this paper, focusing on the Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard case, we will employ Political Spectacle Theory to analyze the strategies and tactics used by the anti-affirmative action groups to distract from their real aims and to divert focus away from mitigating structural inequality.
Acceptance of Love and Remarriage Among Older Adults in the Philippines
Authors: Kim Ju Young , Xu Hanzhang , Cruz Grace , Saito Yasuhiko , Østbye Truls
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Later-life re-partnership has been linked to healthy aging, but little is known about Philippine older adults’ perception of love and remarriage in older age. Methods: Using two nationally representative surveys on aging in the Philippines, we estimated the proportion of older adults reporting acceptance. Using weighted logistic regression, we assessed sociodemographic and health factors associated with acceptance as well as the relationship of this acceptance with social activity and health behaviors. Results: Only seventeen percent of respondents reported acceptance. Per multivariable analyses, unmarried men and married women reported acceptance, and acceptance was associated with increased social activity and smoking in men, less smoking in women, and more drinking in both genders. Discussion: Most older adults in the Philippines reported love and remarriage in old age as unacceptable. Through these results, we can understand how attitudes toward later-life relationship impact older adults’ health and well-being.
Water-jet cavitation shocking as a novel array micro-forming technique
Authors: Li Fuzhu , He Peiyu , Chen Zhipeng , Chen Shangshuan , Guo Jun , Xue Shenwei , Guo Yuqin , Wang Yun
Published: December 2020

Micro-feature arrays and large-area complex microscopic features on thin metallic sheet play an important role in micro-components. A novel technique-submerged water-jet cavitation shocking-is presented to generate micro-feature arrays on 304 stainless foils in this paper. High-speed camera shadowgraph images of the cavitation cloud were employed to analyze the impact zone. Then the forming depth, uniformity of forming depth and the thickness distribution of the micro-feature arrays were also studied. The results show that the forming region can be categorized into the jet-impact-zone, the bubble-impact-zone and the periphery-impact-zone radially. Bubble-impact-zone peaks in the depth of array micro-forming. The forming depth increases with time while the uniformity decreases with time. The forming parts have a uniform thickness distribution.
Household Cooking Fuel Patterns in Rural India: Pre- and Post-Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
Authors: Ranjan Rahul , Singh Sudershan
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the performance and limitations of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), a central scheme launched in the year 2016 for the provision of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) connections to Below Poverty Line households in the country. It shows that the scheme offered more than 80 million LPG connections and contributed to a sharp replacement of traditional fuel (firewood, kerosene, dung cake, etc.) between the years 2014 and 2018. However, a large share of these new consumers appears to have stopped LPG consumption soon after the distribution under the scheme. This is clearly evident in the huge number of inactive LPG connections which continue to increase—from 35.8 million inactive connections in the country in 2017 to 43.2 million in 2019. Though PMUY contributed to the increase in LPG connections, it failed to accelerate its consumption demand among the beneficiaries. Nearly ₹128 billion has been spent by the government in form of subsidies and around 70% of the PMUY beneficiaries have availed loans from Oil Manufacturing Companies (OMCs). If the LPG consumption fails to accelerate, these one-time subsidies provided by the government will fail to achieve the objective and the loans disbursed by the OMCs may turn into non-performing assets.
Public Irrigation and Well-being of Women: A Tale of Two Villages in North-east Karnataka, India
Authors: Scaria Suma
Published: December 2020

This article explores how public irrigation mediates the well-being of women through a study of two villages in north-east Karnataka with contrasting natures of access to irrigation. It shows that public irrigation plays an “instrumental role” in the well-being of women. Here, the well-being of women is defined in terms of four dimensions that include survival, education, health and self-awareness. The village that has access to public-funded canal irrigation exhibits relatively better performance in terms of well-being of women compared to the village with non-canal irrigation. These outcomes are explained in terms of access to irrigation and distribution of land. This micro-level study shows the need to focus on public expenditure in rural infrastructure projects, including irrigation, to mitigate gender inequities.
Representation of seafarers’ occupational safety and health: Limits of the Maritime Labour Convention
Authors: Graham Carolyn AE , Walters David
Published: December 2020

This article assesses the regulatory steer provided by the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, against the research evidence as to what works in making for effective worker representation and consultation on occupational safety and health. Based on the testimony of seafarers and regulatory agencies, it demonstrates that the Maritime Labour Convention provisions lack the necessary elements for an effective regulatory steer. This is because the conditions shown to support this form of representation are absent from or underdeveloped in the shipboard work environment. The article concludes with some suggested ways to enhance the Convention’s provisions to achieve a more positive effect for seafarers.

JEL Codes: J28, J53, J83
Effect of Focusing on Maryam’s Flower During the First Stage of the Labor on the Labor Pain, Labor Duration, and Levels of Comfort and Satisfaction
Authors: Türkmen Hülya , Çetinkaya Serap , Kiliç Hafize , Apay Emine , Karamüftüoğlu Devrim , Yörük Selda , Özkırım Engin
Published: December 2020

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with an intervention group ( n = 61) and a control group ( n = 63) consisting of primipara pregnant women. The pregnant women in the intervention group were asked to focus their attention on Maryam’s flower opening its leaf buds and imagine the labor’s progress during the course of their labor. The VAS was administered to each group at specific times (at 4–5 cm, 6–7 cm, 8–9 cm cervical dilatation) to determine their level of labor pain. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups’ mean pain scores at 4–5 cm, 6–7 cm, and 8–9 cm cervical dilatation ( p < .05). The labor duration of the pregnant women in the intervention group was significantly shorter than that of the pregnant women in the control group ( p = .017). The physical comfort level of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8–9 cm cervical dilatation ( p = .039).
Development of a Short and ICD-11 Compatible Measure for DSM-5 Maladaptive Personality Traits Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Kerber André , Schultze Martin , Müller Steffen , Rühling Rosa Maria , Wright Aidan G. C. , Spitzer Carsten , Krueger Robert F. , Knaevelsrud Christine , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: December 2020

While Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition ( DSM-5) Section III and ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th–Revision) both allow for dimensional assessment of personality pathology, the models differ in the definition of maladaptive traits. In this study, we pursued the goal of developing a short and reliable assessment for maladaptive traits, which is compatible with both models, using the item pool of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). To this aim, we applied ant colony optimization algorithms in English- and German-speaking samples comprising a total N of 2,927. This procedure yielded a 34-item measure with a hierarchical latent structure including six maladaptive trait domains and 17 trait facets, the “Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form Plus” (PID5BF+). While latent structure, reliability, and criterion validity were ascertained in the original and in two separate validation samples ( n = 849, n = 493) and the measure was able to discriminate personality disorders from other diagnoses in a clinical subsample, results suggest further modifications for capturing ICD-11 Anankastia.
Normative and Maladaptive Personality Traits and Self-Reported Executive Functioning
Authors: Roye Scott , Calamia Matthew , Castagna Peter J. , Aita Stephen L. , Hill Benjamin D.
Published: December 2020

Research on self-reported executive functioning (EF) and personality has largely focused on normative personality traits. While previous research has demonstrated that maladaptive personality traits are associated with performance-based EF, the literature examining the relationship between these traits and self-reported EF is limited. The current study examined the relationship between multiple domains of self-reported EF (Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale) and both normative (The International Personality Item Pool–NEO–120 Item [IPIP-120]) and maladaptive (Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Short Form [PID-5-SF]) personality traits in an undergraduate student sample ( n = 354). Similar to past research, relationships were largest across EF domains for both measures related to neuroticism (i.e., IPIP-120 neuroticism and PID-5-SF negative affectivity) and conscientiousness (i.e., IPIP-120 conscientiousness and PID-5-SF disinhibition). Normative personality traits generally accounted for greater variance in EF when examined alone and were also generally associated with greater incremental validity when compared with maladaptive personality traits. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that maladaptive personality traits added unique predictive variance above and beyond normative personality traits in their association with multiple domains of EF. These results highlight the utility of assessing both normative and maladaptive personality traits as well as multiple domains of EF to more fully understand the relationship between personality and EF.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Personal Feelings Questionnaire–2 (PFQ-2) Shame Subscale Among Spanish-Speaking Female Sex Workers in Mexico
Authors: Espinosa da Silva Cristina , Pines Heather A. , Patterson Thomas L. , Semple Shirley , Harvey-Vera Alicia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Martinez Gustavo , Pitpitan Eileen , Smith Laramie R.
Published: December 2020

Shame may increase HIV risk among stigmatized populations. The Personal Feelings Questionnaire–2 (PFQ-2) measures shame, but has not been validated in Spanish-speaking or nonclinical stigmatized populations disproportionately affected by HIV in resource-limited settings. We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish-translated PFQ-2 shame subscale among female sex workers in two Mexico–U.S. border cities. From 2016 to 2017, 602 HIV-negative female sex workers in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez participated in an efficacy trial evaluating a behavior change maintenance intervention. Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on shame (10-item PFQ-2 subscale), psychosocial factors, and sociodemographics. Item performance, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, differential item functioning by city, and concurrent validity were assessed. Response options were collapsed to 3-point responses to improve item performance, and one misfit item was removed. The revised 9-item shame subscale supported a single construct and had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .86). Notable differential item functioning was found but resulted in a negligible effect on overall scores. Correlations between the revised shame subscale and guilt ( r = .79, p < .01), depression ( r = .69, p < .01), and emotional support ( r = −.28, p < .01) supported concurrent validity. The revised PFQ-2 shame subscale showed good reliability and concurrent validity in our sample, and should be explored in other stigmatized populations.
The First-Derivative Curve of the Coagulation Waveform Reveals the Cause of aPTT Prolongation
Authors: Shimomura Daiki , Matsumoto Tomoko , Sugimoto Kana , Takata Tokio , Kouno Aya , Shimada Masashi , Matsuo Shuji , Kamioka Mikio
Published: December 2020

Clot waveform analysis based on activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is reported to be a useful assay. We attempted to find beneficial parameters with the first-derivative curve. We examined 106 plasma samples with prolonged aPTT and analyzed the first-derivative curve statistically by dividing it into 6 groups (Lupus anticoagulant, Heparin, Direct oral anticoagulants, Factor VIII inhibitor, Hepatic dysfunctions and Factor deficiency). We obtained 7 coordinates for parameter measurement by analyzing the first-derivative curve and set 20 parameters including the velocity axis, the time axis, and area parameters. The distribution was checked by extracting each parameter that showed the most significant difference in the 6 groups. As a result, it was revealed that we could classify aPTT prolongation by using a combination of 3 parameters, the initial-to-peak gradient, the ratio initial-to-intermediate velocity/intermediate-to-peak velocity, and the initial-to-peak area size. We constructed a flowchart combining these 3 parameters and were able to discriminate 75% of the specimens. These parameters derived from the first-derivative curve of clot waveform analysis are useful tools to discriminate aPTT prolongation.
Current harmonic suppression for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on phase compensation resonant controller
Authors: Cui Peiling , Zheng Fanjun , Zhou Xinxiu , Li Wensi
Published: December 2020

Permanent magnet synchronous motor always suffers from air gap field distortion and inverter nonlinearity, which lead to the harmonic components in motor currents. A resonant controller is a remarkable control method to eliminate periodic disturbance, whereas the conventional resonant controller is limited by narrow bandwidth and phase lag. This article presents a novel resonant controller with a precise phase compensation method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor to suppress the current harmonics. Based on the analysis of the current harmonic characteristics, the proposed resonant controller for rejecting a set of selected current harmonic components is plugged in the current loop, and it is parallel to the traditional proportional–integral controller. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the proposed resonant controller is investigated, and the parameters are tuned to get a satisfactory performance. Compared with the conventional resonant controller, the proposed resonant controller can achieve good steady-state performance, dynamic performance, and frequency adaptivity performance, simultaneously. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed suppression scheme.
Time Dimension of Childhood Adversities and Externalizing Behavior Among Children of Teen Mothers: Sensitive Period Hypothesis vs. Accumulation Hypothesis
Authors: Yoon Yoewon
Published: December 2020

Childhood adversities are associated with compromised behavioral health later in life. However, less attention has been paid to how time contributes to the damaging effects of adversity exposure. In addition, the differential impact of childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction has been understudied. The current study tested (a) the sensitive period hypothesis regarding timing of childhood adversity on externalizing behavior, (b) the accumulation hypothesis regarding the associations between the duration of childhood adversity and externalizing behavior, and (c) the domain-specific impact of childhood adversity on externalizing behavior. Data came from the Young Women and Child Development Study ( N = 240). Childhood adversity was measured at seven periods (age range: 5.5–16), which were used to test the sensitive period hypothesis. Childhood adversity at each time period was summed across seven time periods to test the accumulation measure representing the duration of childhood adversity. Least angle and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results supported the sensitive period hypothesis—the effect of childhood adversity was the most prominent at age 11.5, whereas the accumulation of childhood adversity time periods was not a significant predictor of later externalizing behavior. Probing childhood adversity by subdomains revealed maltreatment primarily accounted for externalizing behavior ( p < .05). Findings suggest intervention efforts for children of teen mothers during early adolescence to prevent externalizing behavior in later adolescence. Unpacking childhood adversity may illuminate key areas of vulnerability to externalizing behavior.
Perceptions of Minority Discrimination: Perspectives of Jews Living in Germany on News Media Coverage
Authors: Baugut Philip
Published: December 2020

This study explores how Jews in Germany perceive news coverage and its influence on third persons. Against the background of social identity theory, 29 semi-structured interviews with Jews demonstrated that they perceived sensationalist reports on antisemitism, overinsistent links to the Holocaust, the equation of Jews and Israel, and stereotypical portrayals of Jewish life. Such reports led participants to believe that non-Jews perceived Jews as strangers in society. Our findings underline the importance of nonstereotyped reporting on minorities and suggest that individuals’ contemplation about media coverage and its influence on society may be interpreted as a consequence of social identity threats.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim when given less than two weeks from dose-dense chemotherapy regimens
Authors: Umoru Godsfavour O , Zaghloul Hanna , El-Rahi Cynthia , Ensor Joe E
Published: December 2020

Introduction

In clinical practice, waiting 14 days between the administration of pegfilgrastim and subsequent chemotherapy cycle (as recommended by the prescribing information) is sometimes not feasible with multi-cycle dose-dense regimens. This study evaluated the practice related to the use of pegfilgrastim in oncology patients at a multi-hospital health system.

Methods

Patients who received pegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis following dose-dense chemotherapy scheduled every 14 days were included. The primary endpoint was the impact of <14 elapsed days between pegfilgrastim administration and next chemotherapy cycle on the change in mean absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). A generalized linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for pegfilgrastim delivery method, elapsed days between pegfilgrastim and chemotherapy (fixed categorical effect for 12, 13, 14 days), and ANC at subsequent cycle was fitted to the change in ANC between chemotherapy cycles.

Results

One hundred and sixty four patients with breast cancer who received pegfilgrastim support for dose dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC) qualified for the model. The mean age was 52 ± 12 years. Eighty-eight percent received pegfilgrastim on-body injector while 13% received pegfilgrastim injection. The mean number of elapsed days between pegfilgrastim and subsequent chemotherapy was 13 ± 0.5 days. The method of pegfilgrastim delivery and elapsed days between pegfilgrastim and chemotherapy administration had no significant effect on the change in ANC (p = 0.8663 and p = 0.8434 respectively); however, patient’s age (p = 0.0125) had a significant effect on the change in ANC.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest safety and efficacy when chemotherapy is administered 12–14 days from pegfilgrastim.
Determining the Importance of Stopover Destination Attributes: Integrating Stated Importance, Choice Experiment, and Eye-Tracking Measures
Authors: Pike Steven , Kotsi Filareti , Oppewal Harmen , Wang Di
Published: December 2020

Stopover tourism is an important but neglected area of study. This article combines a discrete choice experiment with eye-tracking measures and self-stated attribute importance ratings to analyze stopover destination preferences. A sample of Australian residents shows safety is the most critical determinant of stopover destination attractiveness based on both the importance ratings and choice model results, but that it does not receive the greatest amount of visual attention. Seven attributes showed little consistency between the methods. However, when the measures are combined into one choice model, there are insights into associations between ratings, amounts of visual attention, and the final impact of an attribute on the choice outcome. Findings indicate the overall importance of each attribute and show how attribute importance varies across the sample and during the choice process. The article thus illustrates how different measures can be combined to study preferences for destination attributes in a specific travel context.
Narratives of versatility: Approaching multi-instrumentalist music teacher identities
Authors: Huovinen Erkki , Frostenson Lööv Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Multi-instrumental musicianship appears in various musical traditions, also frequently figuring in systems of music teacher education. Multi-instrumentalism covers forms of musical creativity and versatile professionalism that differ from ideologies of specialization often emphasized in instrumental music education. Thus, it is relevant to ask whether and how multi-instrumentalism might also shape music teacher identities. This question was explored through a case study of three experienced multi-instrumental teachers in the Swedish system of Schools of Music and Performing Arts – exemplifying a context in which teachers have large freedom to shape their work. Teacher narratives were analyzed with reference to the binary oppositions between versatility versus specialization and musician versus teacher. The results show that multi-instrumentalist teachers may not only occupy subject positions as versatile all-round musicians, but that they may also carve their identities as specialized performers, or adopt teacher-focused identities such as gamemaster, coach, or counselor. Furthermore, for some teachers, the shifts between instruments may themselves involve shifts between such subject positions. Based on our findings, multi-instrumentalism appears as a potent teacher resource within educational systems which are extensively driven by students’ needs and interests.
Risk-based life-cycle optimization of deteriorating steel bridges: Investigation on the use of novel corrosion resistant steel
Authors: Han Xu , Yang David Y , Frangopol Dan M
Published: December 2020

Corrosion-induced material loss can reduce the load-carrying capacity of structures, resulting in an increase of the probability and risk of failure. Currently, carbon steel is predominantly used in steel bridges due to its relatively low material cost, ease of fabrication at large scale and excellent material strength. However, low corrosion resistance of carbon steel can result in severe deterioration of bridges. As a result, a very high maintenance cost may be incurred during the service life of carbon steel bridges. A new type of corrosion-resistant steel, A709-50CR, has been recently developed for bridge construction. Despite its relatively high material cost, A709-50CR has the potential to reduce the life-cycle maintenance cost and mitigate the increasing failure risk due to structural deterioration. To further reduce the cost of using A709-50CR steel, this paper explores the prospect of using it for major bridge maintenance actions. Bi-objective optimization is conducted to determine when and which carbon steel girders should be replaced using A709-50CR during the life-cycle of a bridge. The two objectives in the optimization problem are to minimize life-cycle risk and life-cycle maintenance cost. The results indicate that using A709-50CR in major maintenance actions can achieve considerable economic benefits.
Objects of journalism, revised: Rethinking materiality in journalism studies through emotion, culture and ‘unexpected objects’
Authors: Moran Rachel E. , Usher Nikki
Published: December 2020

Despite attempts to reinvigorate studies of materiality in Journalism Studies, research has often failed to move beyond a narrow application of actor-network theory focused on the affordances of digital objects of journalism. As a result, journalism studies has missed a productive opportunity to consider the emotional, cultural and aesthetic potential of object-oriented study. This article makes the case for focusing on how objects of journalism are felt, experienced and are otherwise culturally situated. Drawing on cultural studies, we advocate for a rethinking of materialism to more expansively reckon with the affective and emotional dimensions of journalism. Further, we develop Schudson’s (2015) theory of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ objects to include a third category: ‘unexpected objects’ of journalism. These objects, such as art on newsroom walls, news media merchandise, and daily ephemera, often have little directly to do with newsmaking processes, yet play an important affective role in journalism.
Exposure aboard high-performance marine craft increases musculoskeletal pain and lowers contemporary work capacity of the occupants
Authors: de Alwis Manudul Pahansen , LoMartire Riccardo , Äng Björn O , Garme Karl
Published: December 2020

High-Performance Marine Craft (HPMC) occupants are currently being investigated for various psychophysical impairments degrading work performance postulating that these deteriorations are related to their occupational exposures. However, scientific evidence for this is lacking and the association of exposure conditions aboard HPMC with adverse health and performance effects is unknown. Therefore, the study estimates the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among HPMC occupants and the association of their work exposure with MSP and performance degradation. It also presents a criterion for evaluating the self-reported exposure severity aboard three different types of mono-hull HPMC; displacement, semi-displacement and planing, on a par with the available standard criteria for objectively measurable exposures. Furthermore, another criterion is proposed to assess the performance-degradation of HPMC occupants based on self-reported fatigue symptoms and MSP. Swedish Coast Guard HPMC occupants were surveyed for MSP, fatigue symptoms as well as for work-related and individual risk indicators using a validated web-based questionnaire. Prevalence of MSP and performance-degradation during the past 12 months were assessed and presented as a percentage of the sample. Associations of exposure conditions aboard HPMC with MSP and performance-capacity were systematically evaluated using multiple logistic regression models and expressed as odds ratio (OR). Prevalence of MSP was 72% among which lower back pain was the most prevalent (46%) followed by neck pain (29%) and shoulder pain (23%) while 29% with degraded performance. Exposure to severe conditions aboard semi-displacement craft was associated with lower back (OR = 2.3) and shoulder (OR = 2.6) pain while severe conditions aboard planing craft with neck pain (OR = 2.3) and performance-degradation (OR = 2.6). MSP is common among Swedish coast guards. Severe exposure conditions aboard HPMC are significantly associated with both MSP and performance-degradation. The spine and shoulders are the most susceptible to work-related MSP among HPMC occupants which should be targeted in work-related preventive and corrective measures.