bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated coarctation repair through a left thoracotomy in children
Authors: Bakhshaliyev Shiraslan , Genç Serhat Bahadır , Çitoğlu Görkem , Özalp Zeynep Gülben Kük , Ergün Servet , Kamali Hacer , Yildiz Okan , Selen Onan İsmihan , Guzeltas Alper , Haydin Sertac
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Isolated aortic coarctation performed through a left thoracotomy resection and end-to-end anastomosis results in low mortality and morbidity rates. Recoarctation and late hypertension are among the most important complications after such repairs. In this study, we reviewed the results of children who underwent left-side thoracotomy to correct an isolated aortic coarctation.

Method:

A consecutive sample of 90 patients who underwent resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis through a left-side thoracotomy in our centre between 2011 and 2021 was retrospectively analysed. The patients' preoperative characteristics, operative data, and post-operative early and long-term results were examined

Results:

All patients underwent resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis. A pulmonary artery band was applied simultaneously to three (3.3%) patients, and an aberrant right subclavian artery division was applied to one (1.1%) patient. The mean cross-clamp time was 29.13 ± 6.97 minutes. Two (2.2%) patients required reoperation in the early period. Mortality was observed in one (1.1%) patient in the early period. Eight (8.8%) patients developed recoarctation, of whom four (4.4%) underwent reoperation and four (4.4%) underwent balloon angioplasty. Twenty-two (26.8%) patients received follow-up antihypertensive treatment. The mean follow-up period was 41.3 ± 22.8 months. No mortality was observed in the late period.

Conclusion:

Isolated coarctation is successfully treated with left-side thoracotomy resection and an extended end-to-end anastomosis technique with low mortality, morbidity, and low long-term recoarctation rates. Long-term follow-up is required due to the risks of early and late post-operative recoarctation, which requires reintervention.
Field performance of a red clover germplasm selected for increased tolerance to 2,4-D
Authors: Araujo Lucas P. , Burke Tara , Dinkins Randy , Barrett Michael
Published: December 2022

This study compared the field performance of red clover germplasm UK2014, selected for 2,4-D tolerance, to Kenland, a standard variety grown in the transition zone of the United States. UK2014 and Kenland were seeded in the spring of 2017 and 2018. Single applications of 0, 1.12, or 2.24 kg ae ha−1 2,4-D-amine were made in June, August, or October. One week after the treatments, yields were determined. Visible herbicide injury ratings were made prior to harvest and regrowth was visibly assessed 1 wk after harvest. Red clover stands were visibly assessed the following spring. Kenland, across all application timings, was injured by 2,4-D more than UK2014, with mean injury ratings of 39% and 63% compared with 26% and 37% at 1.12 and 2.24 kg 2,4-D ae ha−1, respectively. At equivalent rates, Kenland regrowth was less than UK2014 at all application timings. UK2014 regrowth after 2,4-D treatment ranged from 65% to 91%, whereas Kenland regrowth ranged from 12% to 72%. Applications of 2,4-D in October were the most damaging to stands of both UK2014 and Kenland the following spring, but Kenland stands were reduced much more than those of UK2014. Kenland and UK2014 had similar season total yields when not treated with 2,4-D (means of 7,550 and 7,880 dry matter kg ha−1, respectively in 2017 and 5,280 dry matter kg ha−1 for both in 2018). Kenland season total yield in 2017 was reduced by both 2,4-D rates applied in June or August and at all timings in 2018. UK2014 season total yield in 2017 was reduced only when 2.24 kg 2,4-D ae ha−1 was applied in August. In 2018, 2.24 kg ae ha−1 2,4-D resulted in reduced UK2014 season total yield across application timings. UK2014 has greater 2,4-D tolerance than Kenland, but additional selection might be beneficial.
Complex Crustal Deformation Beneath the Cathaysia Block in South China: Evidence From Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Li Mengkui , Zhang Shuangxi , Wei Yu , Xu Chen
Published: December 2022

By harmonically fitting the arrival times of the P‐to‐S converted phases from the Moho, we systematically investigate the crustal anisotropy beneath the Cathaysia Block (CaB) and the surrounding areas in South China for the first time. The measured anisotropy parameters show strong lateral variations with an average splitting time of 0.35 ± 0.12 s. The resulting fast directions exhibit clear geographic variations with two possible boundaries that separate the CaB into three parts. The inconsistent fast direction of crustal anisotropy among each part, and the comparisons with teleseismic XKS splitting measurements indicate that the mechanisms of crustal deformation vary between distinct regions. The crust deforms coherently with the upper mantle in the western CaB, which is possibly driven by mantle flow. The fast directions of crustal anisotropy in the central CaB exhibit a radial pattern and show large discrepancies with XKS splitting measurements. We suggest that the crust has a complex deformation mechanism in this region. We propose a new scenario that emphasizes the interaction of the crust and upper mantle for interpreting the radial‐patterned crustal anisotropy, which involves the processes of subduction plate rollback, asthenospheric upwelling, crustal melting and lithospheric mantle intrusion. The fast directions of crustal anisotropy in the eastern CaB are dominantly parallel to the continental margin, suggesting subduction‐controlled crustal deformation in this region.
Sub‐Tropical Aerosols Enhance Tropical Cloudiness—A Remote Aerosol‐Cloud Lifetime Effect
Authors: Dagan Guy
Published: December 2022

Clouds' susceptibility to aerosols is considered to be a leading source of uncertainty in climate research. An inability to account simultaneously for the large range of scales involved in cloud‐aerosol‐climate interactions has hindered the progress of research. In this study, using a novel system of idealized large‐eddy‐simulations that explicitly resolves clouds but also accounts, in an idealized manner, for large‐scale changes in the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions and for inter‐cloud regime coupling, it is shown that aerosol perturbation in the sub‐tropics increases cloudiness in the tropics. Specifically, aerosol‐driven sub‐tropical rain suppression leads to increased advection of cold and moist air from the sub‐tropics to the tropics, thus enhancing tropical cloudiness. The increased tropical cloudiness has a strong cooling effect by reflecting more of the incoming solar radiation. The classical “aerosol‐cloud lifetime effect” is shown here to have a small local effect (in the sub‐tropics) but a strong remote effect (sub‐tropical aerosols increase cloudiness in the tropics), thus widening the concept of cloud adjustments to aerosol perturbation.
Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Du Jiang , Gao Zhenyue , Sun Haoyang , Mei Mei , Wang Yu , Ren Yu , Zhou Xuan
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), a PD-1 ligand, mediates cancer cell immune escape (or tolerance independent of PD-L1) and predicts poor prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory process of PD-L2 expression may stratify patients with HNSCC to benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the PD-L2 expression and its immune-dependent and independent functions in HNSCC and other solid tumours. We focused on recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L2 at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, also in intercellular communication of tumour microenvironment (TME). We also discussed the prospects of using small molecular agents indirectly targeting PD-L2 in cancer therapy. These findings may provide a notable avenue in developing novel and effective PD-L2-targeted therapeutic strategies for immune combination therapy and uncovering biomarkers that improve the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies.
Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A
Authors: Cobb Andrew M. , De Silva Shanelle A. , Hayward Robert , Sek Karolina , Ulferts Svenja , Grosse Robert , Shanahan Catherine M.
Published: December 2022

Nuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that the formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML NB dynamics and recruitment to DNA lesions is ablated, resulting in impaired DNA damage repair. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescues PML NB localisation to sites of DNA repair, leading to reduced levels of DNA damage.
TRAIL receptors promote constitutive and inducible IL-8 secretion in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Favaro Francesca , Luciano-Mateo Fedra , Moreno-Caceres Joaquim , Hernández-Madrigal Miguel , Both Demi , Montironi Chiara , Püschel Franziska , Nadal Ernest , Eldering Eric , Muñoz-Pinedo Cristina
Published: December 2022

Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory chemokine that plays a role in cancer development. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) produces high amounts of IL-8, which is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemo-radio and immunotherapy. However, the signaling pathways that lead to IL-8 production in NSCLC are unresolved. Here, we show that expression and release of IL-8 are regulated autonomously by TRAIL death receptors in several squamous and adenocarcinoma NSCLC cell lines. NSCLC constitutively secrete IL-8, which could be further enhanced by glucose withdrawal or by treatment with TRAIL or TNFα. In A549 cells, constitutive and inducible IL-8 production was dependent on NF-κB and MEK/ERK MAP Kinases. DR4 and DR5, known regulators of these signaling pathways, participated in constitutive and glucose deprivation-induced IL-8 secretion. These receptors were mainly located intracellularly. While DR4 signaled through the NF-κB pathway, DR4 and DR5 both regulated the ERK-MAPK and Akt pathways. FADD, caspase-8, RIPK1, and TRADD also regulated IL-8. Analysis of mRNA expression data from patients indicated that IL-8 transcripts correlated with TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 expression levels. Furthermore, TRAIL receptor expression levels also correlated with markers of angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration in lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that TRAIL receptor signaling contributes to a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory signature associated with NSCLC.
Estimating diagnostic uncertainty in artificial intelligence assisted pathology using conformal prediction
Authors: Olsson Henrik , Kartasalo Kimmo , Mulliqi Nita , Capuccini Marco , Ruusuvuori Pekka , Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Lindskog Cecilia , Janssen Emiel A. M. , Blilie Anders ,   ISUP Prostate Imagebase Expert Panel, Egevad Lars , Spjuth Ola , Eklund Martin
Published: December 2022

Unreliable predictions can occur when an artificial intelligence (AI) system is presented with data it has not been exposed to during training. We demonstrate the use of conformal prediction to detect unreliable predictions, using histopathological diagnosis and grading of prostate biopsies as example. We digitized 7788 prostate biopsies from 1192 men in the STHLM3 diagnostic study, used for training, and 3059 biopsies from 676 men used for testing. With conformal prediction, 1 in 794 (0.1%) predictions is incorrect for cancer diagnosis (compared to 14 errors [2%] without conformal prediction) while 175 (22%) of the predictions are flagged as unreliable when the AI-system is presented with new data from the same lab and scanner that it was trained on. Conformal prediction could with small samples (N = 49 for external scanner, N = 10 for external lab and scanner, and N = 12 for external lab, scanner and pathology assessment) detect systematic differences in external data leading to worse predictive performance. The AI-system with conformal prediction commits 3 (2%) errors for cancer detection in cases of atypical prostate tissue compared to 44 (25%) without conformal prediction, while the system flags 143 (80%) unreliable predictions. We conclude that conformal prediction can increase patient safety of AI-systems.
Absolute excited state molecular geometries revealed by resonance Raman signals
Authors: Batignani Giovanni , Mai Emanuele , Fumero Giuseppe , Mukamel Shaul , Scopigno Tullio
Published: December 2022

Ultrafast reactions activated by light absorption are governed by multidimensional excited-state (ES) potential energy surfaces (PESs), which describe how the molecular potential varies with the nuclear coordinates. ES PESs ad-hoc displaced with respect to the ground state can drive subtle structural rearrangements, accompanying molecular biological activity and regulating physical/chemical properties. Such displacements are encoded in the Franck-Condon overlap integrals, which in turn determine the resonant Raman response. Conventional spectroscopic approaches only access their absolute value, and hence cannot determine the sense of ES displacements. Here, we introduce a two-color broadband impulsive Raman experimental scheme, to directly measure complex Raman excitation profiles along desired normal modes. The key to achieve this task is in the signal linear dependence on the Frank-Condon overlaps, brought about by non-degenerate resonant probe and off-resonant pump pulses, which ultimately enables time-domain sensitivity to the phase of the stimulated vibrational coherences. Our results provide the tool to determine the magnitude and the sensed direction of ES displacements, unambiguously relating them to the ground state eigenvectors reference frame.
Compact Cas9d and HEARO enzymes for genome editing discovered from uncultivated microbes
Authors: Aliaga Goltsman Daniela S. , Alexander Lisa M. , Lin Jyun-Liang , Fregoso Ocampo Rodrigo , Freeman Benjamin , Lamothe Rebecca C. , Perez Rivas Andres , Temoche-Diaz Morayma M. , Chadha Shailaja , Nordenfelt Natalie , Janson Owen P. , Barr Ian , Devoto Audra E. , Cost Gregory J. , Butterfield Cristina N. , Thomas Brian C. , Brown Christopher T.
Published: December 2022

Programmable, RNA-guided nucleases are diverse enzymes that have been repurposed for biotechnological applications. However, to further expand the therapeutic application of these tools there is a need for targetable systems that are small enough to be delivered efficiently. Here, we mined an extensive genome-resolved metagenomics database and identified families of uncharacterized RNA-guided, compact nucleases (between 450 and 1,050 aa). We report that Cas9d, a new CRISPR type II subtype, contains Zinc-finger motifs and high arginine content, features that we also found in nucleases related to HEARO effectors. These enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical characteristics and are broadly targetable. We show that natural Cas9d enzymes are capable of genome editing in mammalian cells with >90% efficiency, and further engineered nickase variants into the smallest base editors active in E. coli and human cells. Their small size, broad targeting potential, and translatability suggest that Cas9d and HEARO systems will enable a variety of genome editing applications.
Nr6a1 controls Hox expression dynamics and is a master regulator of vertebrate trunk development
Authors: Chang Yi-Cheng , Manent Jan , Schroeder Jan , Wong Siew Fen Lisa , Hauswirth Gabriel M. , Shylo Natalia A. , Moore Emma L. , Achilleos Annita , Garside Victoria , Polo Jose M. , Trainor Paul , McGlinn Edwina
Published: December 2022

The vertebrate main-body axis is laid down during embryonic stages in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction, driven and supplied by posteriorly located progenitors. Whilst posterior expansion and segmentation appears broadly uniform along the axis, there is developmental and evolutionary support for at least two discrete modules controlling processes within different axial regions: a trunk and a tail module. Here, we identify Nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1) as a master regulator of trunk development in the mouse. Specifically, Nr6a1 was found to control vertebral number and segmentation of the trunk region, autonomously from other axial regions. Moreover, Nr6a1 was essential for the timely progression of Hox signatures, and neural versus mesodermal cell fate choice, within axial progenitors. Collectively, Nr6a1 has an axially-restricted role in all major cellular and tissue-level events required for vertebral column formation, supporting the view that changes in Nr6a1 levels may underlie evolutionary changes in axial formulae.
Decarbonization, population disruption and resource inventories in the global energy transition
Authors: Svobodova Kamila , Owen John R. , Kemp Deanna , Moudrý Vítězslav , Lèbre Éléonore , Stringer Martin , Sovacool Benjamin K.
Published: December 2022

We develop a novel approach to analysing decarbonisation strategies by linking global resource inventories with demographic systems. Our ‘mine-town systems’ approach establishes an empirical basis for examining the spatial extent of the transition and demographic effects of changing energy systems. The research highlights an urgent need for targeted macro-level planning as global markets see a decline in thermal coal and a ramp up of other mining commodities. Our findings suggest that ramping up energy transition metals (ETM) could be more disruptive to demographic systems than ramping down coal. The data shows asymmetry in the distribution of risks: mine-town systems within the United States are most sensitive to coal phase-out, while systems in Australia and Canada are most sensitive to ETM phase-in. A complete phase-out of coal could disrupt demographic systems with a minimum of 33.5 million people, and another 115.7 million people if all available ETM projects enter production.
Atomically dispersed golds on degradable zero-valent copper nanocubes augment oxygen driven Fenton-like reaction for effective orthotopic tumor therapy
Authors: Wang Liu-Chun , Chang Li-Chan , Chen Wen-Qi , Chien Yi-Hsin , Chang Po-Ya , Pao Chih-Wen , Liu Yin-Fen , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Su Wen-Pin , Yeh Chen-Hao , Yeh Chen-Sheng
Published: December 2022

Herein, we employ a galvanic replacement approach to create atomically dispersed Au on degradable zero-valent Cu nanocubes for tumor treatments on female mice. Controlling the addition of precursor HAuCl4allows for the fabrication of different atomic ratios of AuxCuy. X-ray absorption near edge spectra indicates that Au and Cu are the predominant oxidation states of zero valence. This suggests that the charges of Au and Cu remain unchanged after galvanic replacement. Specifically, Au0.02Cu0.98composition reveals the enhanced •OH generation following O2 → H2O2 → •OH. The degradable Au0.02Cu0.98released Cu+and Cu2+resulting in oxygen reduction and Fenton-like reactions. Simulation studies indicate that Au single atoms boot zero-valent copper to reveal the catalytic capability of Au0.02Cu0.98for O2 → H2O2 → •OH as well. Instead of using endogenous H2O2, H2O2can be sourced from the O2in the air through the use of nanocubes. Notably, the Au0.02Cu0.98structure is degradable and renal-clearable.
Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America
Authors: Willis A. W. , Roberts E. , Beck J. C. , Fiske B. , Ross W. , Savica R. , Van Den Eeden S. K. , Tanner C. M. , Marras C. ,   on behalf of the Parkinson’s Foundation P4 Group, Alcalay Roy , Schwarzschild Michael , Racette Brad , Chen Honglei , Church Tim , Wilson Bill , Doria James M.
Published: December 2022

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative condition diagnosed in North America. We recently demonstrated, using multiple epidemiological data sources, that the prevalence of PD diagnoses was greater than previously reported and currently used for clinical, research, and policy decision-making. Prior PD incidence estimates have varied, for unclear reasons. There is a need for improved estimates of PD incidence, not only for care delivery planning and future policy but also for increasing our understanding of disease risk. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the incidence of Parkinson disease across five epidemiological cohorts in North America in a common year, 2012. The cohorts contained data on 6.7 million person-years of adults ages 45 and older, and 9.3 million person-years of adults ages 65 and older. Our estimates of age-sex-adjusted incidence of PD ranged from 108 to 212 per 100,000 among persons ages 65 and older, and from 47 to 77 per 100,00 among persons ages 45 and older. PD incidence increased with age and was higher among males. We also found persistent spatial clustering of incident PD diagnoses in the U.S. PD incidence estimates varied across our data sources, in part due to case ascertainment and diagnosis methods, but also possibly due to the influence of population factors (prevalence of genetic risk factors or protective markers) and geographic location (exposure to environmental toxins). Understanding the source of these variations will be important for health care policy, research, and care planning.
Reliability assessment of transformer insulating oil using accelerated life testing
Authors: Wei Xingchun , Wang Zhiming , Guo Junfeng
Published: December 2022

To improve the reliability and reduce the maintenance cost of transformer oil, a life prediction of transformer oil is needed so that the maintenance of transformer can be performed correctly. However, it is difficult to predict the reliable lifetime of transformer oil accurately because of its unkind operating condition at different environments. To solve this problem, based on the theory of accelerated life testing (ALT), a reliability assessment method for transformer insulating oil on a normal operational conditions is proposed. An inverse power Weibull distribution model for insulating oil lifetime with voltage is built. Numerical procedure of model parameter estimation is presented, the variances of model parameters and reliability indices, which including mean lifetime, reliability, reliable lifetime at given reliability and failure rate, are derived. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed method are validated by real lifetime data of transformer insulating oil in literature. The reliability of transformer insulating oil used at normal usage conditions are predicted by the proposed method, and the point and interval estimations of reliability indices are evaluated. The results show that reliable lifetime and mean lifetime under reliability limit should be considered simultaneously in repair or replacement of transformer insulating oil.
An electromembrane microextraction-based green method for the determination of trace copper in natural waters
Authors: Silva Macarena , Mendiguchía Carolina , Moreno Carlos
Published: December 2022

This work presents electromembrane-based liquid microextraction as a high-efficiency method for the determination of trace copper (ppb and sub-ppb levels) in natural waters, including seawater.
Metal–organic frameworks as chemical nanoreactors for the preparation of catalytically active metal compounds
Authors: Escamilla Paula , Guerra Walter D. , Leyva-Pérez Antonio , Armentano Donatella , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Pardo Emilio
Published: December 2022

The most remarkable advances in the preparation of ligand-free single atom catalysts (SACS), subnanometer metal nanoclusters (SNMCs) and supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) using MOFs as chemical nanoreactors are highlighted in this work.
Three-dimensional narrow-bandgap perovskite semiconductor ferroelectric methylphosphonium tin triiodide for potential photovoltaic application
Authors: Zhang Han-Yue , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: December 2022

We synthesized a novel A-site 3D OIHP ferroelectric, methylphosphonium tin triiodide (MPSnI3), with a narrow bandgap of 1.43 eV.
Construction of a CuInS2/La2Ti2O7 heterojunction for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Wenning , Wen Haodong , Han Xiuxun
Published: December 2022

Constructing a CuInS2/La2Ti2O7 heterojunction for the enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
A simple descriptor for the nitrogen reduction reaction over single atom catalysts
Authors: Fu Zhanzhao , Wu Mingliang , Li Qiang , Ling Chongyi , Wang Jinlan
Published: December 2022

The performance of supported catalysts is largely decided by metal–support interactions, which is of great significance for the rational design of catalysts.
Ether-based electrolytes enable the application of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped 3D graphene frameworks as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Xinran , Dong Xiaoyu , Xing Zheng , Jamila Shomary , Hong Haiping , Jiang Hongfu , Zhang Jianli , Ju Zhicheng
Published: December 2022

The development of graphitic carbon materials as anodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is greatly restricted by their inherent low specific capacity.
Highly exposed surface pore-edge FeNx sites for enhanced oxygen reduction performance in Zn-air batteries
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Xiao Lihui , Yang Peixia , Xu Hao , Liu Lilai , Li Ruopeng , Li Yaqiang , Zhang Huiling , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong
Published: December 2022

Atomically dispersed pore-edge FeNx sites anchored on porous carbon exhibit excellent activity and stability towards ORR. The assembled Zn-air battery presents a high peak power density (150 mW cm−2) and long-cycle stability (450 h).
Radical-like reactivity for dihydrogen activation by coinage metal–aluminyl complexes: computational evidence inspired by experimental main group chemistry
Authors: Sorbelli Diego , Belpassi Leonardo , Belanzoni Paola
Published: December 2022

Digermynes activate H2 under mild experimental conditions. Coinage metal–aluminyl complexes, featuring electron-sharing M–Al bonds similar to Ge–Ge, are predicted to activate H2, with potential application in hydrogenation catalysis.
XDM-corrected hybrid DFT with numerical atomic orbitals predicts molecular crystal lattice energies with unprecedented accuracy
Authors: Price Alastair J. A. , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , Johnson Erin R.
Published: December 2022

A new implementation of the XDM dispersion model within FHI-aims allows efficient use of XDM-corrected hybrid functionals, found to be the most accurate DFT methods for molecular crystal lattice energies to date.
EDA mediated S–N bond coupling of nitroarenes and sodium sulfinate salts
Authors: Lasso Juan D. , Castillo-Pazos Durbis J. , Sim Malcolm , Barroso-Flores Joaquín , Li Chao-Jun
Published: December 2022

We report the design and application of a sulfinate–nitroarene electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex and its subsequent use in the first visible light-mediated and catalyst-free synthesis of N-hydroxy-sulfonamides.
An impact resistant hydrogel enabled by bicontinuous phase structure and hierarchical energy dissipation
Authors: Qiu Yan , Wu Liang , Liu Sijun , Yu Wei
Published: December 2022

High performance hydrogels have essential applications in many fields such as tissue engineering and soft robot.
A novel full solar light spectrum responsive antimicrobial agent of WS2 quantum dots for photocatalytic wound healing therapy
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Fanghan , Yong Yuan , Lv Mingzhu , Liu Chenghui , Xu Qiqi , Du Guobo , Xie Jiani , You Yong , Xiao Jiangwei , Jiang Guohui
Published: December 2022

We fabricated a full spectrum responsive photocatalytic antimicrobial agent (WS2 QDs) and applied it as an antimicrobial nanoplatform for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide redox for enhanced photocatalytic antimicrobial therapy (PCAT).
Microfluidic synthesis of graphene oxide/MnO2-incorporated self-propelling micromotors for organic dye removal
Authors: Ho Hoang Gia Vinh , Yoo Pil J.
Published: December 2022

Microfluidically synthesized anisotropically-shaped micromotors with concave dimple, embedded with MnO2 and graphene oxide, exploit their autonomous motion to successfully capture and remove organic dye molecules from an aqueous environment.
Reprocessable polyurethane elastomers based on reversible ketal exchange: dielectric properties and water resistance
Authors: Dong Jianrong , Yan Hongye , Lv Xinhai , Wang Zhenbang , Rao Zixuan , Zhu Bailin , Wu Jun , Zhou Yu , Chen Hongxiang
Published: December 2022

The ketal-containing cross-linked polyurethane elastomer exhibits reprocessability and excellent dielectric properties. In addition, it shows good water resistance.
Insights into the Recent Advances in Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensors for Pesticides in Food
Authors: Antherjanam Santhy , Saraswathyamma Beena , Parvathi A. , Ramachandran Lekshmi Priya , Govind Arya , Priya Vishnu , Nirupama M. , Unnimaya K.
Published: December 2022

Food safety is one of the rising concerns challenging all over the world and the analysis and determination of food contaminants to ensure the quality of food is highly inevitable. Electroanalytical sensors are a versatile tool for the accurate monitoring of food samples from the pollutants. Pesticides are one of the major sources of food pollutants and their impacts on human health is also very dangerous. This will trigger the researchers to develop more and more sensitive devices to monitor the level of various pesticides in various food samples, especially in agricultural products. Electrochemical sensors fabricated using nanocomposites offers more sensitive electrochemical response in the detection of these pesticides than traditional unmodified electrodes. This prompted us to write a mini review on the electrochemical sensors for pesticides in food using nanomaterials as modifiers from some of the previous reports. This review will motivate the experts working in this area to develop highly efficient sensing devices for pesticides, beneficial to the society as well.
Post Covid: Ein Überblick über Symptome,
Risikofaktoren, Pathophysiologie und Therapieansätze
Authors: Egger Marion , Jahn Klaus
Published: December 2022

Post-Covid-Symptome treten relativ häufig auf und beeinflussen den Alltag
der Betroffenen. Lebensqualität und Arbeitsfähigkeit werden
deutlich eingeschränkt. Die zunehmende Anzahl an Therapiestudien
verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer verbesserten und individualisierten
Versorgung.
Hypoxie: schädlich oder therapeutisch nützlich?
Authors: Boschmann Michael
Published: December 2022

Menschen, die dauerhaft unter hypoxischen Bedingungen leben, haben ein geringeres Risiko für Adipositas. Gründe hierfür sind ein veränderter Grundumsatz, aber auch eine verringerte Nahrungsaufnahme. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass regelmäßiges Ausdauertraining unter hypoxischen Bedingungen das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen senken kann.
Einfluss einer ausgewählten Nährstoffkombination im Vergleich zu Selen auf den Schilddrüsenstoffwechsel und die Lebensqualität bei chronischer Autoimmunthyreoiditis
Authors: Spaeth Andrea , Lehner Michael , Gruber Andreas
Published: December 2022

Die Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung und die häufigste Ursache einer Schilddrüsenunterfunktion. Durch eine immunologische Fehlsteuerung entsteht eine chronische Entzündung der Schilddrüse, die das Schilddrüsengewebe partiell oder vollständig zerstört. Es ist bereits bekannt, dass Selen einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Schilddrüsenfunktion hat. Deutlich weniger bekannt ist, dass auch andere Mikronährstoffe eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Wir haben eine randomisierte, doppelblinde Pilotstudie an 100 Teilnehmer*innen mit einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis durchgeführt. Dabei verglichen wir die Effekte von Selen 200 µg (Gruppe A) mit denen der registrierten Nährstoffkombination HASHIDOR® (Gruppe B) auf den gesamten Schilddrüsenstoffwechsel über einen Zeitraum von sechs Monaten. Das primäre Ziel war die Veränderung der einzelnen Schilddrüsenparameter (TSH, fT4, fT3, ATPO, ATg) sowie der Nährstoffe Selen, Vitamin D3, Zink und Ferritin zu analysieren. Als sekundäres Ziel wurde die Auswirkung der Supplementierung auf den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand mittels dem zertifizierten SF36-Gesundheitsfragebogen untersucht. Eine Subgruppenanalyse mit ATPO >300 U/ml (n=33) zeigte eine deutliche Reduktion der TPO-Antikörperkonzentration um 11,4% in der Gruppe B, während in Gruppe A eine Steigerung von 1,8% gemessen wurde (p=0,10). Bei TSH und den freien Schilddrüsenhormonspiegeln konnten wir im direkten Vergleich keine Unterschiede beobachten. Die Ausgangswerte von Selen verbesserten sich in Gruppe A um 26,6% gegenüber 6,4% in Gruppe B (p<0,01). Die Vitamin D3-Konzentration erhöhte sich in Gruppe B um 40,6% gegenüber 3,7% in Gruppe A (p<0,01). Der Zinkspiegel stieg in Gruppe B um 8,2%, während sich in Gruppe A der Wert um 1,1% verringerte (p=0,002). In Punkto Lebensqualität verbesserte sich in beiden Gruppen die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit.

Die Studie legt nahe, dass eine Supplementierung mit der registrierten Nährstoffkombination HASHIDOR® einerseits zu einer verbesserten Nährstoffversorgung führt und andererseits zu immunmodulierenden Effekten beiträgt. Die Zufuhr der ausgewählten Mikronährstoffe könnte bei Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis insbesondere bei einer hohen Aktivität nützlich sein, auch für diejenigen, die bereits Levothyroxin erhalten.
Vectorial metasurface holography
Authors: Song Qinghua , Liu Xingsi , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Genevet Patrice
Published: December 2022

Tailoring light properties using metasurfaces made of optically thin and subwavelength structure arrays has led to a variety of innovative optical components with intriguing functionalities. Transmitted/reflected light field distribution with exquisite nanoscale resolution achievable with metasurfaces has been utilized to encode holographic complex amplitude, leading to arbitrary holographic intensity profile in the plane of interest. Vectorial metasurface holography, which not only controls the intensity profile, but also modifies the polarization distributions of the light field, has recently attracted enormous attention due to their promising applications in photonics and optics. Here, we review the recent progresses of the vectorial metasurface holography, from the basic concept to the practical implementation. Moreover, vectorial metasurfaces can also be multiplexed with other degrees of freedom, such as wavelength and nonlinearity, enriching and broadening its applications in both civil and military field.
Six-step total syntheses of (−)-galanthamine and (−)-
Authors: Hu Nan , He Yu-Tao , Lan Ping , Banwell Martin G. , White Lorenzo V.
Published: December 2022

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (−)-galanthamine (1) is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor deployed clinically to treat the dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we describe a six-step synthesis of this natural product from simple, readily accessible starting materials. Enantioselective 1,2-reduction, Mitsunobu coupling, Heck cyclization and diastereoselective allylic oxidation reactions are used in our approach, which provides the shortest synthetic route to compound 1 reported to date. A simple modification to the closing stages of the sequence allows equally facile access to (−)-N-norgalanthamine (2), a compound with a range of distinctive biological properties. The concise and operationally simple synthetic protocols reported here could obviate the need to manipulate naturally sourced galanthamine in the pursuit of analogues required for pharmacological studies.
Getting by in rural France: La débrouille as a form of quiet popular resistance?
Authors: Hugues Fanny
Published: December 2022

This article examines the informal economic practices adopted by those on low incomes in the French countryside and the different meanings attached to them. Two groups are distinguished: the first, from the agricultural or rural working class, resorts to la débrouille (a term which reflects a set of activities involved in getting by, making do, and being resourceful) out of necessity and do not attach any political significance to these practices; the second, from urban working or lower middle class backgrounds, politicise this way of life as a means of reducing their dependence on the capitalist system. This article is based on interviews and ethnographic material from forty people living in six different rural areas in France. The analysis adopts an emic perspective of la débrouille to question its scientific (and political) interpretation in terms of resistance, showing the diversity of meanings attached to it, ranging from an ambivalent popular ‘sense of self’ to a more politicised appropriation of this working class way of life.
Quetiapine Fumarate: A Review of Analytical Methods
Authors: Hamsa Ahsaana , Karumandampalayam Shanmugaramasamy Kokilambigai , Kariyarambath Praseetha , Kathirvel Singaram
Published: December 2022

Atypical antipsychotics are newer second-generation antipsychotics with weak dopamine type 2 blocking but potent 5-HT2 antagonistic activity. They are considered first-line treatments for schizophrenia and gradually replace typical antipsychotics. Extrapyramidal side effects are minimal, and they tend to improve impaired cognitive function in psychotics. Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia, mania and depression in people with bipolar disorder combined with other drugs or alone. Quetiapine was developed in 1985 and approved for medical use in the USA in 1997. Thorough computer-aided literature, surveys revealed that numerous analytical methods were reported over the years. The present study reviews analytical methods with their validation parameters published during the last 22 years (1999–2021) either as a single entity or combination in dosage form, and determination from biological samples. Novel strategies for increasing separation quality, such as QbD analysis and green spectroscopy, were discovered during the evaluation, and this review can be utilized for further research reference.
1105 VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION SPECTRAL AREA (AMSA) AND LOW-ENERGY SHOCK SUCCESS PREDICTION IN PATIENTS WITH OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST
Authors: Gentile Francesca Romana , Compagnoni Sara , Baldi Enrico , Aramendi Elisabete , Isasi Iraia , Contri Enrico , Currao Alessia , Bendotti Sara , Primi Roberto , Palo Alessandra , Savastano Simone
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In case of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT), the optimal energy level for defibrillation is that which achieves defibrillation and minimize the current-induced myocardial damage. Therefore, it would be reasonable to reduce the energy level as well as the number of shocks. ECG-based VF waveform analysis features such as amplitude spectral area (AMSA) have been recently introduced as predictors of shock success but their predictivity for shock success with low energy level is not known.

We aimed to assess whether AMSA of VF is able to predict the efficacy of low energy level for defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

Methods

All the OHCAs with at least one shockable rhythm occurred from January 2015 to December 2020 in the province of Pavia, Italy, were considered. AMSA values were calculated by retrospectively analyzing the data collected by the Corpuls 3 monitors/defibrillators and by using a 2-second-pre-shock ECG interval.

Results

Among 4619 OHCA, AMSA values and energy for defibrillation were documented in 791 shocks, of which 45% received a shock at low energy (<= 150J) and 55% at high energy (>150J).

The rate of efficacy between the two groups did not differ significantly (44% vs 38%, p=0.102), however in patients efficaciously treated with low energy, AMSA was higher compared to those efficaciously treated with high energy [13.2 mV·Hz (12.5-14.2) vs 10.8 (10.1-11.5), p<0.001]. Moreover, AMSA was found to be different even when comparing ineffective shock at low energy with effective shock at high energy [(6.6 (4.6-10) vs 10.8 (8.1-13.8), p<0.001] and similar when comparing ineffective shock at low and at high energy [6.6 (4.6-10) vs 6.3 (4.5-8.7), p=0.21].

By dividing AMSA values into three tertiles the rate of shock success at low energy was found to be different: [T1 (0.7-6.2) 4.2%; T2 (6.2-10.8) 13%; T3 (10.8-63.2) 42%, Chi squared p<0.001 and p for trend <0.001]. After correction for age, sex, amiodarone use, call to shock time, AMSA values corresponding to the third and second tertile were associated with higher probability of shock success compared with the values in the lowest tertile [T3 OR 15 (95%CI 7-30), p< 0.001; T2 OR 3 (95%CI 1-7), p= 0.002].

Conclusion

Amplitude spectral area (AMSA) of VF is a predictor of shock success at low energy. This could be useful to optimize the choice of energy limiting the current related myocardial injury.
1101 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF PHRENIC NERVE STIMULATION IN A PATIENT WITH SINGLE CHAMBER IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR
Authors: De Innocentiis Carlo , Astore Pasquale , Buonpane Angela , Santamaria Antonia Pia , Patragnoni Francesco , Santamaria Matteo
Published: December 2022

Background

Phrenic nerve stimulation is a well-recognized complication related to cardiac implantable electronic devices, in particular with left ventricular coronary sinus pacing leads for cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Case presentation

We report an unusual case of symptomatic phrenic nerve stimulation due to inadvertent placement of a right ventricular defibrillation lead in coronary sinus posterior branch in a patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with a recently implanted single-chamber cardioverter defibrillator.

Discussion

Phrenic nerve stimulation is a relatively common complication of left ventricular pacing. Inadvertent placement of a right ventricular lead in a coronary sinus branch is a rare but possible cause of phrenic nerve stimulation. Careful evaluation of intraprocedural fluoroscopic and electrocardiographic appearance of pacing and defibrillation leads during implantation may prevent inadvertent placement of a right ventricular lead in the coronary sinus.
1049 PREVALENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND FEASIBILITY OF PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION AFTER PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE
Authors: Fabbricatore Davide , Gallinoro Emanuele , Paolisso Pasquale , Valeriano Chiara , Potter Tom De
Published: December 2022

Background

Data about prevalence and the risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke, and need for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) after device closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are still lacking.

We aim to investigate the prevalence and the risk of atrial fibrillation after PFO closure and the feasibility of PVI in a PFO closure cohort compared to contemporary PVI without PFO closure.

Methods

retrospective observational study of consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure enrolled from February 2013 to September 2020. Patients were divided into 3 groups: i) patients without AF before and after the procedure (n=132), ii) patients with paroxysmal AF prior to the procedure (n=21), iii) patients with documented AF after the procedure (n=13). All patients with AF occurrence were treated with adequate anticoagulation therapy according to the current ESC Guidelines. We compared the procedural data of these patients to a matched contemporary cohort without previous PFO closure undergoing PVI in our center. AF and stroke prevalence and PVI feasibility after PFO closure were assessed at follow up.

Results

one-hundred and sixty-six consecutive PFO closure patients were enrolled; the mean age was 54 ± 13 years. Median follow-up was 3.5 + 2.5 years. During the study period, 21 patients had AF before or after the PFO closure (group 2) and 13 (7.8%) new onset AF (group 3). Stroke after the PFO closure occurred in 8 patients (4.8%), of which 4 in the group with new onset AF (30% of the group 3).

Among the 34 patients with AF, 10 patients (6%) underwent a PVI. Compared to a contemporary matched PVI cohort, total procedural times and fluoroscopy times were significantly higher in the patients with previous PFO closure (108±15 vs 75±29, p=0.002 and 3±1.5 vs 8±7, p<0.001). Similar rate of AF relapses (p=0.198) was observed between the two groups, with a trend for higher rate of complication (pericardial effusion) for the cohort with previous PFO closure (p=0.06).

Conclusion

This study shows that a more accurate screening and treatment of AF is needed in patients with cryptogenic stroke despite the presence of a PFO, possibly a bystander. In our study, 30% of patients with new onset AF after PFO closure, experienced a further stroke after the procedure. In case of AF, the indication for PVI should be considered prior to the PFO closure since it turns out to be more difficult in terms of procedural and fluoroscopy times and risks of complications after PFO closure.
657 RECURRENT TYPICAL ATRIAL FLUTTER UNDERGOING ABLATION IN A JUVENILE PATIENTS’ SERIES
Authors: Oliva Carlo-agostino , Seganfreddo Francesca , Marazzi Raffaella , Doni Lorenzo Adriano , Croce Francesca , Marazzato Jacopo , De Ponti Roberto
Published: December 2022

Aims

Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation is a routine procedure in electrophysiology laboratories. It is mainly performed as treatment for cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, which is rare in young patients without structural heart disease. Safety and efficacy data regarding this procedure in such patients are scarce. In this case series we present the clinical characteristics and procedure related outcomes of 3 juvenile patients without overt structural heart disease who underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in our Hospital for recurrent typical atrial flutter.

Methods and Results

Of the 1217 flutter ablation procedures performed in our Hospital from 2003 to 2022, 3 were on juvenile, otherwise healthy patients. The median patient age was 19.3 years old. All of them had a history of recurrent paroxysmal typical atrial flutter, which was initially terminated with electrical cardioversion. Given the young age no pharmacological prophylaxis was initiated, but on the subsequent recurrence we decided for an ablative strategy. Echocardiography and/or MRI excluded structural heart disease. One of them had experienced flutter induced tachycardiomyopathy, while one underwent previous cavotricuspid isthmus ablation with subsequent arrhythmia relapse.

All the procedures were conducted using standard electrophysiology equipment successfully, without significant complications. Baseline electric characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus were recorded and block of conduction was confirmed using standard protocols.

Conclusion

Recurrent cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter in young Patients without structural heart disease is exceptionally rare, and ablation is seldom performed. In this case series we present 3 patients with such characteristics, and in whom cavotricuspid isthmus radiofrequency ablation was successfully performed.