bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamiento agronómico del cultivar híbrido RC1 de Palma de aceite (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) x Elaeis guineensis
Authors: Bastidas Silvio , Peña Eduardo , Reyes Rafael , Pérez José , Tolosa William
Published: August 2016

Se realizó transferencia de genes desde la especie Nolí (Elaeis oleifera) a la especie Palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) mediante retrocruzamientos con el propósito de obtener un cultivar que tuviera alta producción de frutos y aceite por unidad de área, baja tasa de crecimiento, tolerancia a enfermedades, y aceite con alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos. La primera generación de retrocruzamiento RC1 se obtuvo mediante polinización controlada entre palmas del híbrido interespecífico F1 (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) usadas como progenitor femenino, con palmas de la especie Elaeis guineensis como progenitor masculino. En 1995 se establecieron en campo las descendencias de cinco cruces RC1, planteando como hipótesis de segregación que el 50% de los descendientes corresponderían al genotipo de palma de aceite y el 50% restante al genotipo del híbrido RC1 con carga genética africana (75% E. guineensis y 25% E. oleifera). Los datos de campo se analizaron con base en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo jerárquico y desigual número de repeticiones por tratamiento; para probar la hipótesis se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (χ2). En el cuarto año de producción los híbridos RC1 promisorios alcanzaron 35,0 t·ha-1 de fruto, con 19,6% de aceite y una producción anual estimada de aceite de 6,3 t·ha-1. Estos híbridos crecieron en promedio 25,8 cm por año, característica que aumenta a más de 40 años la expectativa de vida útil de la plantación. Hasta la fecha presentan tolerancia a cuatro enfermedades de carácter letal que afectan la Palma de aceite en Colombia, puesto que durante siete años de evaluación no se han presentado síntomas. El aceite de estos híbridos contiene mayor concentración de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos que el de la Palma de aceite.
Evaluación preliminar de técnicas de crioconservación en una accesión de Solanum phureja
Authors: Villa Alba Lucía , Sánchez Alejandra María , Valbuena Raúl Iván , Escobar Roosevelt
Published: August 2016

En el Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá de Corpoica se llevan a cabo ensayos para determinar los mejores métodos de crioconservación de los materiales que integran la Colección Central Colombiana de Papa; ésta se encuentra constituida por 1.098 accesiones de las cuales 151 corresponden a Solanum phureja (98 conservadas in vitro y 53 en campo), especie que se considera estratégica por poseer genes de resistencia a Phytophtora infestans y por ser un importante recurso alimenticio para la población colombiana. A tal fin se evaluaron las técnicas de encapsulación-deshidratación y encapsulación-vitrificación, reportadas en la actualidad para Solanum spp., implementando algunos ajustes y dedicando especial atención a las etapas previas a la congelación en cuanto la selección del material vegetal y los medios de propagación, la calidad del tejido, la encapsulación de los ápices, la concentración y el tiempo de exposición a sacarosa, la deshidratación en sílica gel y el efecto de la solución cargadora y de las soluciones PVS2 y PVS4. Fue posible establecer que la calidad de explante y el medio de recuperación determinaron el éxito del proceso de crioconservación. El medio de preacondicionamiento MS, suplementado con 0,18 μM BAP y 0,28 μM durante 3 a 5 días, permitió mejorar la calidad del tejido después del corte. Además, la suplementación del alginato con 0,004 mg·L-1 BAP y 0,04 mg·L-1 AG3, incidió positivamente en la respuesta de los ápices en las etapas previas al congelamiento. Se destaca que S. phureja es muy susceptible a condiciones de estrés físico y químico, razón por la cual la tasa de recuperación después del congelamiento fue de 10%.
Producción de biodiesel mediante fermentación en estado sólido de compuestos lignocelulósicos derivados del bagazo de remolacha
Authors: García María Cristina
Published: August 2016

Los compuestos lignocelulósicos tienen alto contenido de material fermentable, son renovables, abundantes y su combustión presenta una emisión neta de CO2 cercana a cero, por lo que se consideran una buena alternativa ante los problemas de seguridad energética, inestabilidad de precios y contaminación asociados con los combustibles derivados del petróleo. El acceso a los componentes fermentables (pectina, hemicelulosa y celulosa) por hongos y/o enzimas constituye la principal limitante de la tecnología de fermentación; de superarse, la producción de bioetanol y biodiesel, podría alcanzar condiciones de competitividad frente a los hidrocarburos. A fin de incrementar disponibilidad de compuestos fermentables se evaluaron tres métodos de pre-tratamiento del bagazo de remolacha, tanto fresco como deshidratado: cal apagada, amoniaco y sacarificación con fermentación simultánea; estos sustratos fueron enriquecidos con ultrapectinasa y celulasa para hidrolizar los polisacáridos, luego de lo cual se sometieron a fermentación en estado sólido con el hongo Umbelopsis isabellina con el fin de obtener lípidos. El tratamiento que reportó los mejores resultados fue el de sacarificación con fermentación simultánea que obtuvo 6% de lípidos por gramo de materia seca inicial.
Crioconservación de yemas de microtubérculos de papa Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena mediante desecado de tejidos
Authors: Calderón Ángela Liliana Rivera , Benavides Raúl Iván Valbuena , Hidalgo Rigoberto Hidalgo , Mendoza José Dílmer Moreno
Published: August 2016

En la Corporación de Investigación Agropecuaria Corpoica, C.I. Tibaitatá, se evaluó la crioconservación de yemas de microtubérculos en dos accesiones de papa Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena de la Colección Central Colombiana: C.C.C. 4318 (carriza) y C.C.C. 4981 (guata negra) mediante la metodología del desecado de yemas. Esta metodología tuvo dos etapas: la preliminar o de ajuste y la principal. En la principal, el secado se hizo con flujo de aire estéril durante 30 minutos, crioconservación en nitrógeno líquido a -196°C durante un día, descongelamiento en baño maría a 37°C durante 3 minutos y recuperación en medio de cultivo (100% MS + 8% sacarosa + 2 g/L carbón activado) durante siete días en oscuridad; luego, el medio de cultivo se cambió (100% MS + 0,04 mg/L kinetina + 0,1mg/L ácido giberélico). El diseño experimental fue al azar: dos accesiones, cuatro tratamientos, diez repeticiones y diez yemas. Se evaluó sobrevivencia a 7, 14 y 30 días. Paralelamente se adaptó la prueba de tetrazolio en semillas al 0,5% a 25°C durante 24 horas, y se evaluó a los 14 y 30 días; en esta prueba se dificultó la evaluación de la sobrevivencia de las yemas posiblemente por efecto del medio de cultivo y los factores ambientales; el resultado final fue pérdida de sobrevivencia a los 30 días, posiblemente porque las condiciones de recuperación no fueron aptas.
Detección de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis en heces de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) utilizando una metodología microbiológica y una molecular
Authors: Torres Hugo Alexander Jaramillo , Burbano Rocío Esperanza Patiño , Bautista José Luis Rodríguez
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño de dos metodologías, una microbiológica y una molecular basada en la amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), para la detección de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis en heces de cuyes. La evaluación de cada una de las metodologías se realizó teniendo en cuenta su sensibilidad y especificidad analítica, así como su costo económico, tiempo y complejidad. La detección molecular de Y. pseudotuberculosis se realizó por PCR anidada usando iniciadores específicos para el gen de virulencia cromosomal inv, mientras que en los ensayos microbiológicos la identificación bacteriana se hizo mediante una batería comercial de perfiles bioquímicos. Se estandarizó un protocolo de amplificación en materia fecal, el cual redujo el efecto negativo que causan los inhibidores de la PCR presentes en muestras de esta naturaleza. La sensibilidad analítica más alta se observó con la metodología en la que se combinó preenriquecimiento, aislamiento microbiológico y PCR, con un rango de detección entre 1,5 x 104 y 1,5 x 103 unidades formadoras de colonias por gramo (ufc/g) de material fecal; mientras que la mayor sensibilidad obtenida en PCR anidada fue de 1,5 x 105 ufc/g de materia fecal. Tanto la metodología microbiológica como la molecular presentaron ventajas en los ensayos en los que se usó materia fecal estéril experimentalmente inoculada. Sin embargo, en muestras de materia fecal sin esterilizar la detección del microorganismo se dificultó al utilizar una única metodología, por lo que se sugiere combinar técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares para obtener un mejor desempeño diagnóstico.
Hydrological conditions of the Pietraszki water reservoir designed for the River Sufraganiec (Kielce)
Authors: Ciupa Tadeusz , Suligowski Roman
Published: August 2016

The Pietraszki water reservoir is designed for the lower part of the River Sufraganiec catchment (61.43 sq km), in the area of Kielce. In those conditions water volume is designed to be about 1.4 hm3, and the reservoir’s maximum depth, 4.2 m. The hydrological characteristics of the ungauged catchment of the River Sufraganiec are based upon the results of stationary field observations held in the cross-section located in the same place as the designed dam head. In the present analysis GIS techniques were also used, based on data obtained from the city’s Spatial Information System and WIOŚ in Kielce. Based on the Digital Elevation Model done with Airborne Laser Scanning, the reservoir area has been designated and its bathymetric and volume curves calculated. The mean annual values of specific runoff (8.8 l s-1 km-2), runoff coefficient (39%), runoff volume (17.2 hm3), specific discharge and the filling time have been determined. The analysis also took into account the annual cycle characteristics including minimum in-stream flow calculated with the use of a number of methods. The performed analysis shows that the River Sufraganiec water resources are enough for the fast filling of the Pietraszki reservoir (depending on the season - from 22 to 114 days), even when applying the most restrictive criteria in minimum in-stream flow calculations. The ecological quality of the River Sufraganiec water in 2014 did show any significant environmental threats. The analysis shows that the quantity and quality of the River Sufraganiec water is enough for the proper functioning of the planned reservoir.
Emerging aspergillosis by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus at an intensive care unit in the Netherlands, 2010 to 2013
Authors: van Paassen Judith , Russcher Anne , in 't Veld - van Wingerden Astrid WM , Verweij Paul E , Kuijper Eduard J
Published: August 2016

The prevalence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) at the intensive care unit (ICU) is unknown and difficult to assess since IA also develops in patients lacking specific host factors. In the Netherlands, increasing azole-resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus complicates treatment of patients with IA. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IA by azole-resistant A. fumigatus at the ICU among patients receiving antifungal treatment and to follow their clinical outcome and prognosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a university hospital ICU from January 2010 to December 2013. From all patients who received antifungal treatment for suspected IA, relevant clinical and microbiological data were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Of 9,121 admitted ICU-patients, 136 had received antifungal treatment for suspected IA, of which 38 had a positive A. fumigatus culture. Ten of the 38 patients harboured at least one azole-resistant isolate. Resistance mechanisms consisted of alterations in the cyp51A gene, more specific TR34/L98H and TR46/T289A/Y121F. Microsatellite typing did not show clonal relatedness, though isolates from two patients were genetically related. The overall 90-day mortality of patients with IA by azole-resistant A. fumigatus and patients with suspicion of IA by azole-susceptible isolates in the ICU was 100% (10/10) vs 82% (23/28) respectively. We conclude that the changing pattern of IA in ICU patients requires appropriate criteria for recognition, diagnosis and rapid resistance tests. The increase in azole resistance rates also challenges a reconsideration of empirical antifungal therapy.
Estimation of serum Alpha feto-protein (AFP), interlukin-6 and Des-?-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in case of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Haque Syed Shahzadul , Kumari Rekha , Muzaffar Ali , Kumar Uday , Sharan Anand , Kumari Bandana
Published: August 2016

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one the most common primary malignancy of the liver and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Incidence rates are highest in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. A number of evidence suggests a possible role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), ?-Fetoprotein (AFP) and Des-?-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The high DCP may be related to increase tumour behaviour, such as the presence of vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis of HCC cells. Patients and methods: We studied IL-6, AFP and DCP in patients with HCC or in healthy controls. AFP was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay; Serum IL-6 and DCP were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 30 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 30 normal subjects.Results: IL-6, AFP and DCP were found high in the serum of patients initially diagnosed with HCC (18±9.8), (315.99±594.62) and (26.15±5.01) respectively compared with healthy subjects (4.29±2.10), (3.13±1.27) and (4.25±1.22). A significant positive correlation was found between mean levels of IL- 6 & AFP in HCC (P < 0.05), Combination of IL-6, AFP and DCP improved the sensitivity in diagnosing HCC or predicting future HCC development. Conclusions: IL-6, DCP along with AFP could be considered a promising tumor marker for HCC. DCP is a well recognized tumor marker for the screening and diagnosis of HCC. In particular, the diagnostic value of the test is significantly increased when combined with AFP.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.230-233
Estimation of salivary biomarkers in passive smoking children - a comparative study
Authors: Bhandary Srikala , Rao Shruthi , Shetty Suchetha , D'Cruz Audrey Madonna
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between passive smoking and salivary biomarkers like pH, buffering capacity and flow rate, sialic acid and amylase levels in children who were passive smokers and compare with the control group. Materials and Methods: Fifty children with history of passive smoking and 50 healthy age matched controls were included in the study. Details on smoking habits of household members, childs dental and dietary habits were collected using a proforma. Saliva samples were collected from both the groups and salivary analysis was done for pH, buffering capacity, flow rate, sialic acid levels and amylase levels. Results: The results of the study showed a lower salivary pH and flow rate with an increase in amylase activity and buffering capacity in passive smoking children when compared to healthy controls. However, sialic acid levels did not show significant differences between passive smoking children and control group.Conclusion: Passive smoking may reduce the protective properties of saliva which can further affect the oral health status of young children and any factor that influences the secretion rate or composition of saliva will ultimately influence caries susceptibility.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.160-165
Detection of CTX-M-type ESBLs Escherichia coli at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
Authors: Othman Siti Norlia , Hussin Salasawati , Ramli Ramliza , Rahman MM
Published: August 2016

Objective: To determine ESBLs and CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Escherichia coli at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) by multiplex PCR.Materials and Methods: ESBL producing E. coli strains were confirmed by disk diffusion method. On the contrary, CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains were confirmed by multiplex PCR.Results: Out of 554 collected E. coli isolates from UKMMC, 96 of these were detected as ESBL-producers. In 96 isolates, 76 viable strains were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of blaCTX genes. In which 70 (92.1%) were CTX-M-type ESBLs with the majority of CTX-M-1 group (77.1%), followed by CTX-M-9 group (21.4%) and one (1.4%) from CTX-M-2 group. Conclusions: CTX-M-type ESBLs were the predominant ESBL types isolated at UKMMC. CTX-M-1 and -9 groups were found in majority of the clinical isolates. Although phenotypic characteristics based on disk diffusion test provided similar results, however, molecular detection of genes of organisms is important for further epidemiological investigations.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.257-261
Infarction Stroke Risk Prediction Model for Indonesian Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jusuf Muhammad Isman , Machfoed Mohammad Hasan , Keman Soedjadjadi
Published: August 2016

Background: Stroke is the main cause of death and disabilities in Indonesia and the world. Various prediction model for stroke have been developed. This study attempts to develop a model used to predict infarction stroke in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to develop a model to predict infarction stroke risks.Method: This study is an observational research applying case-control research design. The number of samples used in this study were 310 individuals, consisting of 155 members of case group and 155 members of control groups. The writers used discriminant analysis to conduct statistical analysis on the data. Results: Valid and reliable risk factors of stroke used to develop prediction model for infarction stroke in this study are systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, stroke history, hypertension history, dyslipidemia history, vegetable consumption, sleep duration, snoring, exercises, and emotional stresses. Conclusion: This study comes up with a prediction model for infarction stroke risks. The prediction model is expressed by following formula: Infarction stroke risk = 0.929 x Systolic Blood Pressure + 0.886 Diastolic Blood Pressure + 0.160 x Triglyceride Levels + 0.850 x Hypertension History + 0.332 x Stroke History + 0.084 x Dyslipidemia History + 0.124 x Vegetable Consumption + 0.245 x Emotional Stresses + 0.346 x Snoring Habit  0.193 x Exercise Habit  0.190 x Sleep DurationBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.269-274
Clinico-anatomical correlations in asphyxiated babies who developed spastic quadriparesis at one year of age
Authors: Das Suman , Bhattacharya Mala , Chatterjee Kaushani , Sarkar Nirmalya , Aich Bholanath
Published: August 2016

Abstrcat not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.289-291
Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Synthetic Derivatives of Organoantimony (?) Ferocenyl Benzoate with Piroxicam
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Khan Zulfiqar , Mushtaq Muhammad Naveed , Akhtar Muhammad Salman
Published: August 2016

The current study was planned to evaluate comparative anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of two newly synthesized organo-antimony (v) ferrocenyl benzoate derivatives with piroxicam. Anti-microbial activity of these compounds was also screened against two microorganisms. Analgesic effect of test compounds was evaluated by formalin-induced paw licking test in mice. The test compounds at 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. doses exhibited significant (p<0.001) reduction of paw licking in treated mice comparable with standard drug piroxicam. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The compound A produced anti-inflammatory effects comparable with standard piroxicam in dose dependent manner whereas compound B showed better effects than piroxicam at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. To investigate anti-pyretic activity, fever was induced by administration of Brewers yeast in mice. Compound A showed highly significant inhibition of pyrexia (p<0.001) comparable to piroxicam after 3 hours while compound B (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced relatively lower anti-pyretic effect than standard drug. Antibacterial activity determined by disc diffusion method showed that compound B was relatively more effective than compound A against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is conceivable that both the tested compounds possessed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-microbial effects even after the structural modification of parent compound.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 15-24, 2016
Wild Cinchona (Neolamarckia cadamba)  Bioactivities of a Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh
Authors: Tahia Faiza , Rahman Mohidur , Bilkiss Marzia , Sikder Md Al Amin , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2016

The methanol extract of bark of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) and its organic and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to assays for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial and analgesic activities. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the pet ether and carbon tetra chloride soluble partitionate of the methanolic extract demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 60.46 ?g/ml and 78.58 ?g/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the carbon tetrachloride and pet ether soluble fractions displayed the potential lethality to brine shrimps, having LC50 of 7.24 and 7.89 ?g/ml, as compared to standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.45 ?g/ml). During assay for thrombolytic property, the carbon tetrachloride and aqueous soluble materials revealed 66.36 % and 64.25 % clot lysis of human blood, respectively. In the membrane stabilizing assay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction inhibited 86.79 % haemolysis of human RBCs in hypotonic solution-induced condition, while the aqueous soluble partitionate inhibited 92.39 % haemolysis of RBCs in the heat-induced condition. The crude methanolic extract of bark of N. cadamba showed significant central and peripheral analgesic activity at both 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, whereas its chloroform soluble fraction mildly inhibited the growth of test microorganisms. Therefore, our studies suggest that wild cinchona should be subjected to extensive phytopharmacological investigation.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 32-36, 2016
Evaluation of Antifungal, Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of a New Marine Streptomyces sp. AIAH-10
Authors: Haque Md Anwarul , Sarker Ashish Kumar , Rahman Md Ajijur , Chouduri Md Aktar Uzzaman , Islam Md Anwar Ul
Published: August 2016

To face newly generated diseases, search for new, safe and effective bioactive molecules is highly warranted. The marine microbial flora may be a potential source of such molecules. The present study was designed to isolate marine microorganisms (AIAH-1 to AIAH-29) from the soil of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh by serial dilution method using isolation media. Among them, AIAH-10 was selected for further study due to its promising antibacterial activity (done by streak plate and plug technique method) against a series of pathogenic bacteria. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis, the strain AIAH-10 belongs to Streptomyces sp. Secondary metabolites of the strain was obtained by small scale fermentation process. Antifungal activity of the extracts was performed by disc diffusion method. The crude ethyl acetate extract (50µg/disc) showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharromyces cerevaceae (14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition respectively). No hemolytic activity was found of the extracts towards the human erythrocytes. During cytotoxic study against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina), a dose dependent mortality rate was observed. A 100% larva mortality rate was recorded in 40µg/ml and more where as LC50 was found to be 6.61µg/ml.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 37-43, 2016
Future Prospects and Barriers of Pharmaceutical Industries in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Jesmin
Published: August 2016

The present study is focused towards the analysis of different barriers and prospects of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. Pharmaceutical industry is one of the most promising sectors in Bangladesh. After the promulgation of local industry friendly Drug (Control) Ordinance in 1982 the scenario of pharmaceutical industries changed considerably. Now, after fulfilling the local demand Bangladesh is exporting pharmaceutical products to over 100 countries of the world. There are still lots of space for Bangladesh to flourish in this sector. So initiatives from the stakeholders are required to ensure the remarkable growth of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. In this study, the scopes of advancement and the factors that can hinder the growth of pharmaceutical business are discussed thoroughly.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 53-57, 2016
Effects of breed, management system, milk yield and body weight on onset of postpartum ovarian cyclicity in cows
Authors: Saha SN , Alam MGS , Shamsuddin M , Khatun M
Published: August 2016

To determine the factors affecting onset of postpartum ovarian cyclicity (PPOC) milk progesterone concentrations were measured in 84 cows. About 30% showed cyclicity within 120 days of parturition. Intensively managed cows started cyclicity earlier (P>0.05) than extensively managed animals. Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows started ovarian cyclicity earlier (80.2 ± 17.5 days) with higher proportion (37.9%) than local zebu cows (84.8 ± 21.0 days) and about 13.3%, respectively (P>0.05). The cows yielding 4-12 kg milk/day required 73.5 ± 10.0 days to start ovarian function earlier than those producing 1-2 kg/day (84.8 ± 21.0 days) (P>0.05). Cows with lower (<200 kg) and higher (>300 kg) body weights started ovarian activity by 81.6 ± 16.6 and 76.3 ± 17.4 days, respectively (P>0.05). Cows with lower body weight showed PPOC at lower rate (5.2%) than those of medium (38.3%) and higher body weight (33.3%) (P<0.05). The delayed onset of PPOC prolonged the calving interval.Bangl. vet. 2015. Vol. 32, No. 1, 27-34
A Meta-Analysis of Association between Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR) 677C/T Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Luo Shasha , Wang Furu , Shi Chao , Wu Zhifeng
Published: August 2016

Aims: To shed light on the conflicting findings of the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) 677C/T polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: A predefined search was performed on 1747 DR cases and 3146 controls from 18 published studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to estimate the sizes of overall and stratification effects of the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphism on the risk of DR, as appropriate. Results: Risks were evaluated by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We found a significant association between the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphism and the risk of DR for each genetic model (recessive model: OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.19–2.40 and dominant model: OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.28–2.28; respectively). In stratified analysis; we further found that the Asian group with both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) showed a significant association with genetic models (recessive model: OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.75–2.60 and dominant model: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.42–2.76; respectively). Conclusions: Our study suggested that the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphism may contribute to DR development, especially in Asian populations. Prospective and additional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are needed to clarify the real role of the MTHFR gene in determining susceptibility to DR.
Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Metal-Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Thermal Behaviors of Pb(II) Complex Based on N,N-Bis(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-Amine
Authors: Liu Qiangqiang , Jin Bo , Zhang Qingchun , Shang Yu , Guo Zhicheng , Tan Bisheng , Peng Rufang
Published: August 2016

The focus of energetic materials is on searching for a high-energy, high-density, insensitive material. Previous investigations have shown that 3D energetic metal–organic frameworks (E-MOFs) have great potential and advantages in this field. A nitrogen-rich E-MOF, Pb(bta)·2H2O [N% = 31.98%, H2bta = N,N-Bis(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-amine], was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal reaction in this study. Its crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complex has high heat denotation (16.142 kJ·cm−3), high density (3.250 g·cm−3), and good thermostability (Tdec = 614.9 K, 5 K·min−1). The detonation pressure and velocity obtained through theoretical calculations were 43.47 GPa and 8.963 km·s−1, respectively. The sensitivity test showed that the complex is an impact-insensitive material (IS > 40 J). The thermal decomposition process and kinetic parameters of the complex were also investigated through thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Non-isothermal kinetic parameters were calculated through the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle. Results highlighted the nitrogen-rich MOF as a potential energetic material.
A Combinatorial Protein Microarray for Probing Materials Interaction with Pancreatic Islet Cell Populations
Authors: Delalat Bahman , Rojas-Canales Darling , Rasi Ghaemi Soraya , Waibel Michaela , Harding Frances , Penko Daniella , Drogemuller Christopher , Loudovaris Thomas , Coates Patrick , Voelcker Nicolas
Published: August 2016

Pancreatic islet transplantation has become a recognized therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. During isolation from pancreatic tissue, the islet microenvironment is disrupted. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within this space not only provides structural support, but also actively signals to regulate islet survival and function. In addition, the ECM is responsible for growth factor presentation and sequestration. By designing biomaterials that recapture elements of the native islet environment, losses in islet function and number can potentially be reduced. Cell microarrays are a high throughput screening tool able to recreate a multitude of cellular niches on a single chip. Here, we present a screening methodology for identifying components that might promote islet survival. Automated fluorescence microscopy is used to rapidly identify islet derived cell interaction with ECM proteins and immobilized growth factors printed on arrays. MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells, mouse islets and, finally, human islets are progressively screened. We demonstrate the capability of the platform to identify ECM and growth factor protein candidates that support islet viability and function and reveal synergies in cell response.
Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children
Authors: Fayet-Moore Flavia , Kim Jean , Sritharan Nilani , Petocz Peter
Published: August 2016

Recent data on breakfast consumption among Australian children are limited. This study examined the impact of breakfast skipping and breakfast type (cereal or non-cereal) on nutrient intakes, likelihood of meeting nutrient targets and anthropometric measures. A secondary analysis of two 24-h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was conducted (2–16 years; n = 4487) to identify (a) breakfast skippers and (b) breakfast consumers, with breakfast consumers further sub-divided into (i) non-cereal and (ii) cereal consumers. Only 4% skipped breakfast and 59% of skippers were 14–16 years. Breakfast consumers had significantly higher intakes of calcium and folate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat than breakfast skippers. Cereal consumers were more likely to meet targets and consume significantly higher fibre, calcium, iron, had significantly higher intakes of folate, total sugars and carbohydrate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat and sodium than non-cereal consumers. The prevalence of overweight was lower among breakfast consumers compared to skippers, and among cereal consumers compared to-cereal consumers (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed for mean body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, waist circumference and physical activity level across the categories. Breakfast and particularly breakfast cereal consumption contributes important nutrients to children’s diets.
Breakfast Macronutrient Composition Influences Thermic Effect of Feeding and Fat Oxidation in Young Women Who Habitually Skip Breakfast
Authors: Neumann Brianna , Dunn Amy , Johnson Dallas , Adams J. , Baum Jamie
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine if breakfast macronutrient composition improved thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and appetite after a one-week adaptation in young women who habitually skip breakfast. A randomized, controlled study was conducted in females (24.1 ± 2 years), who skip breakfast (≥5 times/week). Participants were placed into one of three groups for eight days (n = 8 per group): breakfast skipping (SKP; no breakfast), carbohydrate (CHO; 351 kcal; 59 g CHO, 10 g PRO, 8 g fat) or protein (PRO; 350 kcal; 39 g CHO, 30 g PRO, 8 g fat). On days 1 (D1) and 8 (D8), TEF, substrate oxidation, appetite and blood glucose were measured. PRO had higher (p < 0.05) TEF compared to SKP and CHO on D1 and D8, with PRO having 29% higher TEF than CHO on D8. On D1, PRO had 30.6% higher fat oxidation than CHO and on D8, PRO had 40.6% higher fat oxidation than CHO. SKP had higher (p < 0.05) fat oxidation on D1 and D8 compared to PRO and CHO. There was an interaction (p < 0.0001) of time and breakfast on appetite response. In addition, CHO had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in PP hunger response on D8 vs. D1. CHO and PRO had similar PP (postprandial) glucose responses on D1 and D8. Consumption of PRO breakfast for 8 days increased TEF compared to CHO and SKP, while consumption of CHO for one week increased PP hunger response.
Research on a Defects Detection Method in the Ferrite Phase Shifter Cementing Process Based on a Multi-Sensor Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) System
Authors: Wan Bo , Fu Guicui , Li Yanruoyue , Zhao Youhu
Published: August 2016

The cementing manufacturing process of ferrite phase shifters has the defect that cementing strength is insufficient and fractures always appear. A detection method of these defects was studied utilizing the multi-sensors Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) theory. Aiming at these process defects, the reasons that lead to defects are analyzed in this paper. In the meanwhile, the key process parameters were determined and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests during the cure process of resin cementing were carried out. At the same time, in order to get data on changing cementing strength, multiple-group cementing process tests of different key process parameters were designed and conducted. A relational model of cementing strength and cure temperature, time and pressure was established, by combining data of DSC and process tests as well as based on the Avrami formula. Through sensitivity analysis for three process parameters, the on-line detection decision criterion and the process parameters which have obvious impact on cementing strength were determined. A PHM system with multiple temperature and pressure sensors was established on this basis, and then, on-line detection, diagnosis and control for ferrite phase shifter cementing process defects were realized. It was verified by subsequent process that the on-line detection system improved the reliability of the ferrite phase shifter cementing process and reduced the incidence of insufficient cementing strength defects.
The Influence of Context on Occupational Selection in Sport-for-Development
Authors: Njelesani Janet , Fehlings Lauren , Tsang Amie , Polatajko Helene
Published: August 2016

Sport-for-development (SFD) is a growing phenomenon involving engagement in sport activities to achieve international development goals. Kicking AIDS Out is one sport for development initiative that raises HIV/AIDS awareness through sport. Despite sport-for-development’s global prevalence, there is a paucity of literature exploring how activities are selected for use in differing contexts. An occupational perspective can illuminate the selection of activities, sport or otherwise, in sport-for-development programming and the context in which they are implemented. The purpose of the study was to understand how context influences the selection of sport activities in Kicking AIDS Out programs. Thematic analysis was used to guide the secondary analysis of qualitative data gathered with Kicking AIDS Out leaders in Lusaka, Zambia and Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Findings include that leaders strive to balance their activity preferences with those activities seen as feasible and preferential within their physical, socio-historical, and cultural contexts, and that leader’s differing understandings of sport as a development tool influences their selection of activities. To enable a better fit of activities chosen for the particular context and accomplishment of international development goals, sport-for-development programmes might consider how leaders are trained to select such activities.
EMD-RBFNN Coupling Prediction Model of Complex Regional Groundwater Depth Series: A Case Study of the Jiansanjiang Administration of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation in China
Authors: Fu Qiang , Liu Dong , Li Tianxiao , Cui Song , Hu Yuxiang
Published: August 2016

The accurate and reliable prediction of groundwater depth is the basis of the sustainable utilization of regional groundwater resources. However, the complexity of the prediction has been ignored in previous studies of regional groundwater depth system analysis and prediction, making it difficult to realize the scientific management of groundwater resources. To address this defect, taking complexity diagnosis as the research foundation, this paper proposes a new coupling forecast strategy for evaluating groundwater depth based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The data used for complexity analysis and modelling are the monthly groundwater depth series monitoring data from 15 long-term monitoring wells from 1997 to 2007, which were collected from the Jiansanjiang Administration of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation in China. The calculation results of the comprehensive complexity index for each groundwater depth series obtained are based on wavelet theory, fractal theory, and the approximate entropy method. The monthly groundwater depth sequence of District 8 of Farm Nongjiang, which has the highest complexity among the five farms in the Jiansanjiang Administration midland, was chosen as the modelling sample series. The groundwater depth series of District 8 of Farm Nongjiang was separated into five intrinsic mode function (IMF) sequences and a remainder sequence by applying the EMD method, which revealed that local groundwater depth has a significant one-year periodic character and an increasing trend. The RBFNN was then used to forecast and stack each EMD separation sequence. The results suggest that the future groundwater depth will remain at approximately 10 m if the past pattern of water use continues, exceeding the ideal depth of groundwater. Thus, local departments should take appropriate countermeasures to conserve groundwater resources effectively.
Is Recovery of Large-Bodied Zooplankton after Nutrient Loading Reduction Hampered by Climate Warming? A Long-Term Study of Shallow Hypertrophic Lake Søbygaard, Denmark
Authors: Gutierrez María , Devercelli Melina , Brucet Sandra , Lauridsen Torben , Søndergaard Martin , Jeppesen Erik
Published: August 2016

Nutrient fluctuations and climate warming can synergistically affect trophic dynamics in lakes, resulting in enhanced symptoms of eutrophication, thereby potentially counteracting restoration measures. We performed a long-term study (23 years) of zooplankton in Danish Lake Søbygaard, which is in recovery after nutrient loading reduction, but now faces the effects of climate warming. We hypothesized that the recovery of large-bodied zooplankton after nutrient loading reduction would be hampered by climate warming through indirect effects on fish size structure. We found a shift in macrozooplankton from initial dominance of Daphnia spp. towards Bosmina spp. as well as a decline in the body size of copepods and an increase in the abundance of nauplii. These changes coincided with the increase in small sized fish as a result of rising water temperature. Despite a reduction in body size, the total biomass of cladocerans increased coinciding with a diminished fish catch per unit effort (CPUE), and likely then an overall reduction in the predation on zooplankton. A cascading effect to phytoplankton was evidenced by enhanced zooplankton:phytoplankton and cladoceran:phytoplankton ratios and a decrease in Chl-a:TP and Chl-a:TN ratios. Our results indicate that climate warming, through changes in the size structure of fish community, has major effects on zooplankton size structure. In Lake Søbygaard, the decline in zooplankton size did not prevent, but modulated, the positive cascading effect on phytoplankton through an expected diminished fish CPUE related to nutrient loading reduction.
Niche divergence between diploid and autotetraploidTolmiea
Authors: Visger Clayton J. , Germain‐Aubrey Charlotte C. , Patel Maya , Sessa Emily B. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:

Polyploidy is common in eukaryotes and is of major evolutionary importance over both short and long time‐scales. Compared to allopolyploids, autopolyploids remain understudied; they are often morphologically cryptic and frequently remain taxonomically unrecognized, although there is increasing recognition of the high frequency of autopolyploidy in angiosperms. While autopolyploidy can serve as an instant speciation mechanism, little is known about the ecological consequences of this process. We describe the ecological divergence of a diploid‐autotetraploid species pair inTolmiea.

METHODS:

We investigated whether abiotic niche divergence has shaped the current allopatric distribution of diploidT. diplomenziesiiand its autotetraploid derivative,T. menziesii, in the Pacific Northwest of North America. We employed field measures of light availability, as well as niche modeling and a principal component analysis of environmental space. Within a common garden, we also investigated physiological responses to changes in soil moisture.

KEY RESULTS:

Diploid and autotetraploidTolmieainhabit significantly different climatic niche spaces. The climatic niche divergence between these two species is best explained by a shift in precipitation availability, and we found evidence of differing physiological response to water availability between these species.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that spatial segregation ofT. diplomenziesiiandT. menziesiiwas accompanied by adaptation to changes in climatic regime.Tolmiea menziesiiis not a nascent autotetraploid, having persisted long enough to be established throughout the Pacific Northwest, and therefore both polyploidization and subsequent evolution have contributed to the observed differences betweenT. menziesiiandT. diplomenziesii.
Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type oligothiophenes with a 4,8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene core
Authors: Yin Ni , Wang Lilei , Lin Yi , Yi Jinduo , Yan Lingpeng , Dou Junyan , Yang Hai-Bo , Zhao Xin , Ma Chang-Qi
Published: August 2016

Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) is an excellent building block for constructing π-conjugated molecules for the use in organic solar cells. In this paper, four 4,8-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (TBDT)-containing A–π–D–π–A-type small molecules (COOP-nHT-TBDT, n = 1, 2, 3, 4), having 2-cyano-3-octyloxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl (COOP) as terminal group and regioregular oligo(3-hexylthiophene) (nHT) as the π-conjugated bridge unit were synthesized. The optical and electrochemical properties of these compounds were systematically investigated. All these four compounds displayed broad absorption bands over 350–600 nm. The optical band gap becomes narrower (from 1.94 to 1.82 eV) and the HOMO energy levels increased (from −5.68 to −5.34 eV) with the increase of the length of the π-conjugated bridge. Organic solar cells using the synthesized compounds as the electron donor and PC61BM as the electron acceptor were fabricated and tested. Results showed that compounds with longer oligothiophene π-bridges have better power conversion efficiency and higher device stability. The device based on the quaterthiophene-bridged compound 4 gave a highest power conversion efficiency of 5.62% with a VOC of 0.93 V, JSC of 9.60 mA·cm−2, and a FF of 0.63.
RED-SUPERGIANT AND SUPERNOVA RATE PROBLEMS: IMPLICATION FOR THE RELIC SUPERNOVA NEUTRINO SPECTRUM
Authors: Hidaka J. , T. Kajino  , Mathews G. J.
Published: August 2016

Direct observations of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) and their red supergiant (RSG) progenitors suggest that the upper mass limit of RSGs may be only about

16.5
–
18

M

⊙

, while the standard theoretical value is as much as

25

M

⊙

. We investigate the possibility that RSGs with

m
>
16.5
–
18

M

⊙

end their lives as failed supernovae (fSNe) and analyze their contribution to the relic supernova neutrino spectrum. We show that adopting this mass limit simultaneously solves both the RSG problem and the supernova rate problem. In addition, energetic neutrinos that originated from fSNe are sensitive to the explosion mechanism, and in particular, to the nuclear equation of state (EOS). We show that this solution to the RSG problem might also be used to constrain the EOS for failed supernovae.
Devoirs maternels
Authors: Blöss Thierry
Published: August 2016

De grandes différences de statuts et de fonctions demeurent entre les hommes et les femmes dans la sphère privée. Cet article souligne l’importance de la présence de l’enfant dans le maintien et la justification de ce déséquilibre persistant. L’enfance – et a fortiori la petite enfance – reste en effet un domaine où la coparentalité est peu active dans les faits. Fortement intériorisée par les parents des deux sexes, y compris chez les jeunes générations, la division sexuelle des rôles parentaux transparaît également dans l’action des politiques publiques menées en France au cours de la dernière période, tiraillées entre le souci affiché de favoriser une plus grande égalité entre hommes et femmes dans les sphères de la famille et du travail et leur « attachement traditionnel » aux spécialisations des rôles sociaux de sexe. L’institutionnalisation des modes de garde a fortiori individualisés, mais aussi paradoxalement les nouvelles lois supposées favoriser un meilleur partage des responsabilités parentales après divorce ont implicitement consacré une place principale aux femmes dans l’exercice de leur rôle maternel. En s’appuyant sur des résultats d’enquêtes sociologiques et sur une exploitation de données statistiques, cet article entend prendre la mesure de la réalité des normes sociales de parentalité à l’aune des représentations sociales et des actions de la sphère publique si étroitement présentes au cours de ces dernières décennies dans la définition sociale (normative) de la sphère privée et des ses relations internes.