bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified fast discrete‐time PID formulas for obtaining double precision accuracy
Authors: Kim Eungnam , Choi Jin‐Young
Published: December 2024

Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are widely used across various industries. This paper presents a new modified PID controller based on integer origin raw data, which are equivalent to classic PID controller based on floating‐point actual values. These new formulas presented in new PID controller provide a mathematical approach to the ‘Classic PID Formula’, ‘Subtractor Formula’ and ‘Scaling Formula’, which form the basis of classic PID controller. The approach integrates these three formulas and separates them into integer and real value by applying the properties of associativity and commutativity. This method uses origin raw data as input to perform integer‐based computation and performs floating‐point operations once. This resulted in faster computation time and energy savings, while showing accuracy comparable to the existing double precision formulas.
Advanced voltage relay design for distance relay coordination in power networks equipped with low‐inertia areas
Authors: Alasali Feras , El‐Naily Naser , Mustafa Haytham Y. , Loukil Hassen , Saad Saad M. , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Holderbaum William
Published: December 2024

In modern power systems with high levels of distributed generation (DG), traditional protection schemes face challenges in ensuring reliable and efficient fault detection due to the complexities introduced by DG, particularly low‐inertia sources such as wind power. This paper presents an advanced protection scheme that integrates voltage relays (VRs) rather than overcurrent relays (OCRs) to improve coordination with distance relays (DRs) and enhance fault detection across multiple protection zones. By utilizing voltage measurements instead of conventional current‐based methods, the proposed scheme addresses issues such as low fault currents and mis‐coordination, which are common in DG‐integrated systems. The VR‐DR coordination improves system reliability by increasing fault detection sensitivity and selectivity, reducing the risk of mis‐coordination, and minimizing reliance on potentially inconsistent current measurements. VRs trigger faster fault isolation by operating before backup DRs, thus improving overall response times and system resilience. The VR scheme significantly outperforms traditional overcurrent relay schemes, with tripping times ranging from 0.002 to 0.956 s, compared to 0.035 to 1.184 s in the traditional scheme for three‐phase faults in a CIGRE power network. Additionally, the total tripping time is reduced from 10.5 s in the traditional scheme to 3.2 s with the VR scheme in networks with DGs under line to line to ground fault. The study demonstrates that no mis‐coordination events occurred with DRs in zone two, further emphasizing the effectiveness and reliability of the VR scheme. This innovative approach offers substantial improvements in fault management, ensuring quicker fault resolution and enhanced system stability in modern, DG‐integrated power grids.
Binary properties of the globular cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104)
Authors: Müller-Horn Johanna , Göttgens Fabian , Dreizler Stefan , Kamann Sebastian , Martens Sven , Saracino Sara , Ye Claire S.
Published: December 2024

Spectroscopic observations of binary stars in globular clusters are essential to shed light on the poorly constrained period, eccentricity, and mass ratio distributions and to develop an understanding of the formation of peculiar stellar objects. 47 Tuc (NGC 104) is one of the most massive Galactic globular clusters, with a large population of blue stragglers and with many predicted but as-yet elusive stellar-mass black holes. This makes it an exciting candidate for binary searches. We present a multi-epoch spectroscopic survey of 47 Tuc with the VLT/MUSE integral field spectrograph to determine radial velocity variations for 21 699 stars. We find a total binary fraction in the cluster of (2.4 ± 1.0)%, consistent with previous photometric estimates, and an increased binary fraction among blue straggler stars, approximately three times higher than the cluster average. We find very few binaries with periods below three days, and none with massive dark companions. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art models shows that the absence of such short-period binaries and of binaries with massive companions is surprising, highlighting the need to improve our understanding of stellar and dynamical evolution in binary systems.
LAMOST J171013+532646: A detached short-period noneclipsing hot subdwarf + white dwarf binary
Authors: Yang Mingkuan , Yuan Hailong , Bai Zhongrui , Li Zhenwei , He Yuji , Huang Xin , Dong Yiqiao , Wang Mengxin , Chen Xuefei , Wang Junfeng , Cheng Yao , Zhang Haotong
Published: December 2024

pc \), with a Gaia G-band magnitude of 12.59. This renders it conducive for continuous observations. The spectral temperature is around 25164 K, in agreement with fitting results K \)) based on a spectral energy distribution. The TESS light curve displays ellipsoidal variation and Doppler beaming without eclipsing features. Through fitting the TESS light curve using the Wilson-Devinney code, we determined the masses for the sdB (\(M_1 = odot \)) and the compact object (\(M_2 = odot \)); the compact object likely is a WD. Furthermore, MESA models suggest that the sdB, with a helium core mass of 0.431 odot \) and a hydrogen envelope mass of \(1.3 odot \), is in the early helium main-sequence phase. The MESA binary evolution shows that the J1710 system is expected to evolve into a double WD system. This means that it is an important source of low-frequency gravitational waves.
Unveiling the formation channels of stellar halos through their chemical fingerprints
Authors: Gonzalez-Jara Jenny , Tissera Patricia B. , Monachesi Antonela , Sillero Emanuel , Pallero Diego , Pedrosa Susana , Tau Elisa A. , Tapia-Contreras Brian , Bignone Lucas
Published: December 2024

Context. Stellar halos around galaxies contain key information about their formation and assembly history. Using simulations, we can trace the origins of different stellar populations in these halos, contributing to our understanding of galaxy evolution.

Aims. We aim to investigate the assembly of stellar halos and their chemical abundances in 28 galaxies from CIELO cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations, spanning a broad range of stellar masses, M⋆,gal ∈ 109 − 1011 M⊙.

Methods. Stellar halos were identified using the AM-E method, focusing on the outer regions between the 1.5 optical radius and the virial radius. We divided the stellar populations based on their formation channel: ex-situ, endo-debris, and in-situ, and analyzed their chemical abundances, ages, and spatial distributions. Additionally, we explored correlations between halo mass, metallicity, and alpha-element enrichment.

Results. CIELO simulations reveal that stellar halos are predominantly composed of accreted material, including both ex-situ and endo-debris stars, in agreement with previous works. The mass fraction of these populations is independent of stellar halo mass, though their metallicities scale linearly with it. Ex-situ stars tend to dominate the outskirts and be more α-rich and older, while endo-debris stars are more prevalent at lower radii and tend to be less α-rich and slightly younger. Massive stellar halos (M⋆,halo > 109.5 M⊙ ) require a median of five additional satellites to build 90% of their mass, compared to lower-mass halos, which typically need fewer (median of 2.5) and lower-mass satellites and are assembled earlier. The diversity of accreted satellite histories results in well-defined stellar halo mass-metallicity and [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] relations, offering a detailed view of the chemical evolution and assembly history of stellar halos. We find that the [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] is more sensitive to the characteristics and star formation history of the contributing satellites than the stellar halo mass-metallicity relationship.
Color profiles of disk galaxies at z = 1–3 observed with JWST: Implications for outer-disk formation histories
Authors: Yu Si-Yue , Xu Dewang , Kalita Boris S. , Li Sijia , Silverman John D. , Liang Xinyue , Fang Taotao
Published: December 2024

We investigate the deconvolved color profiles of 223 disk galaxies at redshifts of z = 1–3 observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey (CEERS). The filters were selected to approximate the rest-frame B − Y color, which is used to identify U-shaped color profiles –those becoming progressively bluer with increasing radius, then turning redder beyond a specific point. We find that 36% of Type II (down-bending) disks exhibit U-shaped color profiles with a minimum at or near the disk break. In contrast, no Type I (single-exponential) disks and only 9% of Type III (up-bending) disks show such a profile. The presence of U-shaped color profiles in Type II disks likely arises from the interplay between a star-formation threshold and spiral- or bar-driven secular radial migration of older stars outward. The fraction of Type II disks exhibiting a U-shaped color profile remains almost consistent across two redshift bins, z = 1–2 and z = 2–3, but is significantly lower than that observed in the local Universe, likely because the secular process of radial migration at high redshift may not have had sufficient time to significantly influence the disk structure. The absence of U-shaped color profiles in Type II disks could point to rapid rather than secular radial star migration potentially caused by violent clump instabilities, transporting both younger and older stars to the outer disk. Our results provide useful constraints on the formation and evolution models of disk galaxies in the early Universe.
Deep radio interferometric search for decametre radio emission from the exoplanet Tau Boötis b
Authors: Cordun C. M. , Vedantham H. K. , Brentjens M. A. , van der Tak F. F. S.
Published: December 2024

Context. Detection of electron cyclotron maser (ECM) emission from exoplanets in the 10–40 MHz radio band is likely the only way to measure an exoplanet’s magnetic field directly. However, no definitive detection of exoplanetary ECM emission has been made to date. A detection of the hot Jupiter Tau Boötis b was reported but with an observing mode that is not immune to confusion from off-axis interference, making the detection tentative.

Aims. We searched for radio emissions from Tau Boötis b using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) in interferometric mode, which employs direction-of-arrival information to discriminate genuine signals from interference. Our aim was to confirm the previous tentative detection or establish an upper limit in the case of a non-detection.

Methods. We conducted observations using LOFAR’s Low Band Antenna in interferometric mode, which totalled 64 hours spread over 8 nights. We created a custom data-processing pipeline to mitigate common challenges in decametric radio astronomy, including radio frequency interference, ionospheric distortions, and sidelobe noise from nearby bright radio sources. We used this pipeline to image the field around Tau Boötis b, searching for both quiescent and bursting emission from the direction of Tau Boötis b.

Results. Despite the high sensitivity of the interferometric observations and extensive data processing, no significant emission was detected from Tau Boötis b in Stokes V. We establish an upper limit of 2 sigma at 24 mJy for any continuous emission from the exoplanet. The previous tentative detection of 400 mJy is thus not confirmed by the interferometric observations.

Conclusions. The previous tentative detection is unlikely to be a bona fide astrophysical signal. Our upper limit is lower than the flux density predicted by scaling laws, meaning either the scaling laws need to be revised or the emission from this particular system is beamed away from Earth.
Jeud’imagerie : apport de Facebook pour tester et approfondir les connaissances en imagerie médicale des étudiants en médecine
Authors: Guez Edouard , Arsovic Emina , Assouline Victoria , Memmi Alexandre , Bisca Alexandra , Tetelboum Nicolas , Ghosn Ibrahim , Naux Grégoire , Siauve Nathalie
Published: December 2024

Contexte et objectifs : Présenter et évaluer l’attractivité d’un nouveau support pédagogique utilisant Facebook pour tester les connaissances en imagerie des étudiants en médecine. Méthodes : Une première partie est consacrée à la présentation de Jeud’imagerie : structure, cadre conceptuel, contenu pédagogique. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse de l’attractivité à partir des caractéristiques du groupe Facebook et du niveau de connaissance du groupe par question à choix multiple (QCM). Résultats : Jeud’imagerie a été créé pour proposer un enseignement de la radiologie adapté à la génération Y. Jeud’imagerie permet de publier chaque semaine un cas clinique avec questions à réponse ouverte et libre (QROL) et QCM en deux parties à 24 heures d’intervalle. La publication du jeudi qui permet d’évaluer la démarche diagnostique est guidée par les QROL, les connaissances sont testées par les QCM. Elle contient un énoncé clinique, des images à commenter. La publication du vendredi comprend la correction et un rappel de cours. Jeud’imagerie propose un apprentissage de type cognitiviste. Il teste la mémoire de l’apprenant sur un pré requis de base de connaissances correspondant au programme d’enseignement de deuxième cycle des études médicales. Le groupe Facebook a atteint 20 000 membres en quatre ans. Il comprend majoritairement des femmes, des internes et des étudiants en médecine et a un rayonnement international. Le niveau de connaissance a été évalué par l’analyse des réponses aux QCM de 82 cas cliniques publiés entre 03/10/2019 et 29/04/2021. Les QCM portent sur la sémiologie radiologique ou sur la stratégie diagnostique radiologique et font appel à des niveaux de connaissances différents, d’un niveau 1 à 6 selon la taxonomie de Bloom. Au total, le pourcentage de bonnes réponses (items vrais cochés et items faux non cochés) est de 76 %, variant de 68 % pour la gynécologie à 80 % pour la pédiatrie et l’urologie. Le nombre d’items sélectifs le plus élevé est observé en Gastro-Entérologie. Conclusion : Jeud’imagerie propose un apprentissage inédit de l’imagerie via un réseau social. Il apparaît attractif, avec un nombre important de membres.
Comprehensive Biotechnological Strategies for Podophyllotoxin Production from Plant and Microbial Sources
Authors: Anviksha Anviksha , Reddy Mondem Sudhakara
Published: December 2024

Podophyllotoxin is derived from plant sources and exhibits strong anticancer activity. However, limited natural availability and environmental impacts from traditional extraction methods drive the search for alternative production approaches. This review explores diverse strategies for sustainable podophyllotoxin synthesis, including biosynthesis, semi-synthesis, and biotransformation. Biosynthetic methods involve metabolic pathway engineering in plant or microbial cells, enabling increased yields by manipulating precursor availability and gene expression. Semi-synthetic approaches modify podophyllotoxin precursors or intermediates to enhance therapeutic effects, with derivatives like etoposide and teniposide showing clinical efficacy. Biotransformation, utilising organisms such as endophytic fungi or human hepatic enzymes, enables the transformation of substrates like deoxypodophyllotoxin into podophyllotoxin or its derivatives, yielding compounds with reduced environmental
impact and improved purity. The anticancer efficacy of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives stems from multiple mechanisms. These compounds disrupt cell mitosis by inhibiting microtubule assembly, impairing nucleoside transport, and blocking topoisomerase II activity, leading to DNA cleavage and cancer cell apoptosis. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives also exhibit anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic effects through signalling pathway modulation. Notably, derivatives like deoxypodophyllotoxin utilise advanced delivery systems, enhancing targeted efficacy and reducing side effects. Given the varied mechanisms and growing therapeutic applications, optimising biotransformation and delivery techniques remains essential for advancing podophyllotoxin-based therapies. This comprehensive review underscores the compoundʼs potential as a robust anticancer agent and the need for continued research to maximise its production and clinical effectiveness.
Synthesis of Fluorinated 4-Aminopyrimidines via Brønsted Acid Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of β-Trifluoromethyl-1,3-enynamides with Nitriles
Authors: Xiao Yuanjing , Zeng Qin , Li Jintong
Published: December 2024

Brønsted acid mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition of β-CF3-1,3-enynamides with nitriles affording fluorinated 4-aminopyrimidines was developed.
Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Anilines via Sequential Mo-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Benzene Formation and Pd-Catalyzed Amination Reactions
Authors: Fang Gang , Yu Yi-Zhe , Zhuo Chun-Xiang
Published: December 2024

The substituted anilines play a pivotal role as structural motifs in agrochemicals, organic polymers, and pharmaceuticals, and great efforts have been dedicated to advancing their synthesis. However, the highly efficient and selective synthesis of meta,meta-disubstituted anilines remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of meta,meta-disubstituted anilines via sequential Mo-catalyzed deoxygenative benzene formation and Pd-catalyzed amination reactions is reported. By employing this method, a wide range of meta,meta-disubstituted anilines were accessed with up to 89% yield from readily accessible ynones, allylic amines, and amines.
Correlation of the Anatomy of the Intersphincteric Anal Fistula with Sex: An Analysis through Anorectal Three-Dimensional Ultrasound
Authors: Fernandes Graziela Olivia da Silva , Maciel Maysa Queiroz , Barreto Rosilma Gorete Lima , Cajazeiras Maura Tarcianny Oliveira , Mota Nikolay Coelho da , Pavan Yana , Pinto Marcelo Travassos , Aquino Letícia Freitas de , Barreto João Batista Pinheiro
Published: December 2024

Introduction Anal fistula surgery is often associated with continence disorders due to transection of the anal sphincter muscles. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the anal canal and fistula can help prevent this outcome.

Objective To correlate the anatomy of the intersphincteric anal fistula with the patient's sex using three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS).

Materials and Methods The present is a retrospective observational study, involving an analysis of the medical records of patients seen at the Coloproctology Service of a Public Tertiary Hospital in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, from July 2016 to December 2022. Patients were categorized by sex and assessed for the position of the internal opening (IO), distance from the IO to the anal margin, and amount and percentage of internal anal sphincter (IAS) muscle compromised by the fistulous tract.

Results Intersphincteric fistulae were more common in men. The average age among men was of 46.46 years, and, among women, it was of 38.17 years. There was a difference between the sexes in terms of the duration of compromised IAS, which was longer among men. The percentage of compromised IAS was higher in males. The IO was located at a greater distance from the anal margin in male patients compared to female ones.

Conclusion Male patients with intersphincteric anal fistula had the internal fistulous opening positioned more distant from the anal margin, with a greater length and percentage of the IAS muscle compromised by the fistulous tract compared to female patients with the same condition.
Multiparametric MRI in Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Tumor: An Observational Study in 3-T MRI
Authors: V.R Sreecharan , Naik Suprava , Deep Nerbadyswari , Adhya Amit Kumar , Chappity Preetam , Mohakud Sudipta , Nayak Manoj Kumar , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Taraprasad
Published: December 2024

Background Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in the management and prognostication of parotid gland tumors. We aim to evaluate the role of multiparametric MRI in differentiating the major subgroup of parotid tumors.

Material and Methods Multiparametric MRI: T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging were acquired in all patients. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and tumor blood flow (TBF) were calculated from DWI and ASL, respectively. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, initial area under the gadolinium enhancement concentration curve (IAUGC), maximum slope, and contrast enhancement ratio (CER) were calculated from DCE-MRI perfusion. The above parameters were compared between three major subgroups of parotid gland tumors, such as non-Warthin benign tumors (NWBT), Warthin's tumors (WT), and malignant parotid tumors (MT).

Results The mean ADC of MT (n = 13), WT (n = 5), and NWBT (n = 29) was 1.03 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.97 × 10−3 mm2/s, and 1.89 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. The mean TBF (in mL/100 g/min) was the highest MT (70.33), followed by WT (62.04) and NWBT (21.99). A cutoff of 40.51 mL/100 g/min showed a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 77.8% for predicting NWBT. In DCE-MRI, 96.6% of the NWBT showed a type A time–signal intensity curve. Although the majority of MT and WT had type C and B curves, respectively, there was overlapping. Among the quantitative DCE parameters, Ktrans and Kep were highly sensitive for differentiating NWBT, WT, and MT. Ktrans, Kep, IAUGC, and MS were maximum in WT, followed by MT and NWBT. Kep and Ktrans both had an accuracy of 84.7% for predicting pleomorphic adenoma.

Conclusion Multiparametric MRI is useful for differentiating NWBT, WT, and MT. DCE-MRI helps in differentiating benign from malignant tumors. DWI and ASL are useful in differentiating NWBT from parotid malignancy.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Colonoscopy: The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Authors: Goulart Giovana , Gonçalves e Silva Helena Caetano , Goulart Giulia
Published: December 2024

Objective The present study evaluated the relationship between the incidence of colorectal cancer and colonoscopy in Santa Catarina from 2018 to 2022.

Methods Observational study of ecological type, which includes all confirmed cases of CRC in the state of Santa Catarina from 2018 to 2022, across health macro-regions. The data were obtained from SINAN, through TABNET/DATASUS. The variables gender, age group, race, type of care, average cost per hospitalization, days of stay, deaths, and mortality rates were evaluated.

Results In the period from 2018 to 2022, there were more than 28,000 cases of CRC in the state of Santa Catarina, with the Grande Oeste region being responsible for the highest incidence throughout the studied period. The main age group is between 70 and 79 years old; As for gender, most cases are predominantly male; about race, white ethnicity is predominant; the nature of service is, for the most part, elective; the average value per hospital stay is 2,355.41; total hospital stay days are 120,924; the number of deaths is 1553 and the mortality rate is (5.44/100.00). Regarding colonoscopy, the largest number of colonoscopies performed was in Grande Florianópolis.

Conclusion There is a high incidence of CRC cases in the state of Santa Catarina. Males and those aged 70 to 79 are the most affected by CRC in Santa Catarina. The Grande Oeste region has a higher incidence of cases compared with other health macro-regions.
Avoiding Recurrence of Anorectal Abscess: The Impact of Patient Delay in Seeking Medical Attention
Authors: Patel Sonu Nimesh , Philip Ria Elizabeth , Downs Dillon , Topilow Arthur Alan , Anjum Ramisa , Parker Glenn Scot
Published: December 2024

Objective Anorectal abscess is a frequent surgical problem. The objective of our retrospective study is to determine the clinical factors that mitigate complications of anorectal abscesses.

Methods Data from a retrospective review of patients of one colorectal surgeon (GP) admitted and operated on for anorectal abscess at the Jersey Shore University Medical Center and Ocean University Medical Center between January 2019 and December 2022 were reviewed. Clinical information was obtained from medical records.

Results A total of 48 patients underwent surgery for drainage of anorectal abscess. After a physical examination, 48% of patients (23 of 48) received diagnostic imaging to confirm the nature and location of the abscess. Approximately 73% of patients (36 of 48) presented with an anorectal fistula upon evaluation. Of the 48 patients, thirty (63%) were diagnosed with a perianal abscess. The abscess in the other 18 of the 48 patients was in other areas of the anorectal region. Eleven patients developed a recurrent abscess after undergoing initial drainage. On average, recurrent patients waited 59 days before seeking initial treatment, whereas nonrecurrent patients waited ∼21 days.

Conclusion Patients who delay seeking medical attention are more likely to develop a recurrent abscess after receiving initial treatment. Diagnostic imaging with ultrasound and computed tomography significantly reduced transit time between the emergency room and the operating room. In both recurrent and nonrecurrent groups, no correlation was found between the size or location of the abscess and the chance of abscess recurrence.
Considerations in the Management Procedures of Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction; Surgical versus Conservative Management: Outcome and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Baiomy Taha A. , Almeniawy Mohamed Mahmoud , Sakr Mohamed Adel , Haggag Alaa , Shaker Shady E. , Sharafeddein Mahmoud , Elbaz Mohamed , Ghoname Mahmod , Sherbeiny Mahmoud , Sharaf Ahmed Lotfy , Abdallah Amany M. , Mohamed Sherif Yehia , Harb Ola A. , Mohamed Asmaa Hussein , Abdelaziz Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

Introduction Malignant obstruction of the large bowel is a common clinical presentation, particularly in terminal cancer patients. Urgent resection and surgical diversion were the treatments of choice.

Objective The aim of the current study was to compare urgent resection of the colon and surgical diversion as conservative management in patients presented with malignant colorectal obstruction regarding short-term, post-operative, prognostic, and long-term oncologic outcomes.

Methods 80 patients with clinical and/or radiological evidence of malignant bowel obstruction distal to the ligament of Treitz and patients presented with incurable primary intra-abdominal primary cancer and patients with intra-peritoneal disease were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included 20 patients (25%) who underwent conservative management, while 60 patients (75%) underwent definitive surgical management.

Results We showed statistically significant findings between both groups regarding the total length of hospital stay, the total amount of costs, the rate, and the interval of re-admission. The duration of staying at hospital and rate of re-admission in the group that was managed by definitive surgery is more than the group of patients that was managed by conservation. We found that the rate of postoperative complications and morbidity in patients who underwent urgent definitive surgical resection was higher than that in those who underwent conservative management.

Conclusion In patients with malignant obstruction of the colon selection of definitive surgical management might not improve patients' outcomes and conservative management in addition to chemotherapy might be superior and might improve patients' outcomes and survival.
Large-Bore Transfemoral Arterial Access: Techniques and Troubleshooting
Authors: Liles Amber L. , Vatakencherry Geogy
Published: December 2024

Aortic pathologies such as dissection, aneurysm, or blunt aortic injury have historically been treated via open surgical repair; however, the advent of endovascular stent graft technology has allowed for endovascular aortic repair in more and more patients. With improvements in stent graft technology and delivery systems, more patients are now candidates for endovascular aortic repair; however, many will require large-bore transfemoral arterial access. Percutaneous transfemoral arterial access includes the introduction of a large-bore sheath directly into the iliofemoral arterial system for the deployment of aortic stent grafts. Advancements in percutaneous arterial closure and reductions in device delivery profiles have further refined this technique; however, careful preprocedural planning and technical precision are required to minimize complications. This article covers the fundamentals of large-bore transfemoral arterial access as well as technical pearls for successful outcomes.
Comprehensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Protocol for Acquired Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Athwale Reema Mohan , Shukla Manish Prannath
Published: December 2024

This case report presents a comprehensive rehabilitation approach for a 32-year-old female patient who underwent diaphragmatic hernia repair. The rehabilitation protocol aimed to improve postoperative recovery, promote independence, and enhance the patient's quality of life. The study outlines a 2-week treatment plan with specific goals and interventions for each phase. Our findings reveal promising outcomes, demonstrating the positive impact of rehabilitation on postoperative recovery. The rehabilitation interventions not only contributed to enhanced diaphragmatic muscle mobility, vital parameters, chest expansion, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength but also lead to improved breathing patterns. The outcomes of this study emphasize the crucial role of customized rehabilitation programs in maximizing respiratory function, fostering mobility, mitigating complications, and facilitating functional recovery. Through a comprehensive case report, we showcase the efficacy of integrating tailored rehabilitation strategies into the postoperative care paradigm in promoting overall recovery and elevating the well-being of individuals undergoing diaphragmatic hernia repair.
Is the Study of Development Humiliating or Emancipatory? The Case Against Universalising ‘Development’
Authors: Behuria Pritish
Published: December 2024

There are increasing calls to universalise the study of development to include the study of countries outside Asia, Africa and Latin America. This paper argues that there are reasons to be sceptical of such calls. This paper highlights that a surprising alliance has emerged between neoclassical economists (especially those who have long rallied against the need for a separate field of ‘development’ economics) and post-development scholars (who argue that the study of ‘development’ denigrates the Global South) in making the case to universalise the study of development. Global Development proponents tap into popular decolonisation narratives, which focus on the humiliating nature of ‘development’ and ignore any ‘emancipatory’ potential development may have. By only focussing on the humiliating aspects of ‘development’, the case for universalising development binds post-development scholarship and neoclassical economists in a common universalist focus on development challenges. This marginalises scholarship concerned with reducing inter-country inequalities in structural transformation and combatting dependencies between industrialised and non-industrialised countries.
Design optimization and active control of unsteady flow in large-scale annular linear induction pumps
Authors: Wang Dayong , Wang Xiaojie , Zhang Wenxuan , Zhao Ruijie
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the issue of unstable flow in large-scale annular linear induction pumps (ALIPs), with a focus on optimizing their design and enhancing performance. Utilizing the ALIP model developed by Toshiba Corporation as a reference, the design process employs the equivalent circuit method to improve the hydraulic performance of high-flow ALIP systems. A comparison of various hydraulic and excitation structure parameters facilitated the identification of an optimal design scheme. A numerical simulation of the ALIP’s internal magneto-fluid coupling field was then conducted, based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory. The simulation results were validated against experimental data, confirming the model’s accuracy. Further simulations under various operational conditions were performed to analyze the distribution and magnitude of the axial Lorentz force (FL) and the axial pressure gradient across different flow rates and currents. The analysis indicated that the unstable flow primarily results from inverse pressure gradients, which are caused by the uneven distribution of these forces. To mitigate this issue, the study proposes the addition of a regulating coil winding to the inner stator. This addition significantly reduces the uneven distribution of magnetic fields and pressure gradients. These coils generate a compensating magnetic field that enhances FL within the electromagnetic section, thereby improving the axial force on the magnetic fluid. The results demonstrate that this active regulation method markedly reduces unsteady flow phenomena, stabilizes fluid movement, and offers a novel design strategy for large-scale ALIP systems. The ratio of the area of the regulating coils to that of the driving coils is only 0.33, which minimally increases the pump dimension. Additionally, the energy conversion rate of different regulation currents between the inner and outer regulation coils was compared. It was found that variations in the regulation current alter the total efficiency of the ALIP by no more than 1%, indicating that the control coil winding consumes minimal energy and that the stability of the magnetic fluid can be effectively controlled, making this approach feasible for engineering applications.
Novel insight into the microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of nanocrystalline copper prepared by hot-pressing sintering: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Feng Qianwen , Zhang Xiang
Published: December 2024

An integrated strategy is proposed for the design and performance evaluation of nanocrystalline (NC) copper prepared by using the hot-pressing sintering process (HPS). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is employed to investigate the microstructure and performance of the prepared NC copper. The merging of nanoparticles (NPs) during HPS is influenced by the initial surface area of NPs. A higher surface area corresponding to a smaller size of NPs will promote the merging of NPs by providing more interface for the diffusion of atoms. The designed grain size can be obtained by adjusting the initial size of NPs. The mechanical properties of NC copper do not present a liner correlation with the grain size. With the grain size increasing from 1.51 to 4.10 nm, the strength and ductility of NC copper first increase but then decrease. The cooperating influence of the grain boundaries with high strength and the matrix with high ductility on the mechanical properties is revealed. This study highlights the relationship between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in NC metals, offering insights into designing high-performance NC materials. The MD model can be extended into another case with a larger size and time scale.
Enhanced water adsorption properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene/bentonite thin films for highly sensitive humidity sensing
Authors: Morotomi Hiroya , Matsunaga Yuki , Liu Lijun , Sugime Hisashi , Hirotani Jun
Published: December 2024

Humidity sensors are integral to modern technology and extensively utilize Ti3C2Tx MXene for its superior sensitivity and accuracy. This material’s effectiveness stems from its abundant hydrophilic functional groups and high electrical conductivity. In this study, we enhanced the responsiveness to relative humidity changes by incorporating bentonite, a 2D clay mineral known for its robust water adsorption capacity and ionic conductivity, attributable to its distinctive structure. Our analysis of MXene/bentonite thin films through sheet resistance measurements indicated a clear inverse relationship in resistance changes above and below a specific MXene-to-bentonite ratio. Impedance analysis further revealed that the dominant conduction mechanisms within these films vary according to the mix ratio. In fabricating conductive-type humidity sensors from MXene/bentonite films, we observed a remarkable increase in humidity sensitivity. Particularly, MXene rich film (33 wt. % MXene) demonstrated a sensitivity of ∼58.1 times greater than MXene film, and bentonite rich film (10 wt. % MXene) demonstrated about 5000 times greater than MXene film. This study not only underscores the potential of MXene/bentonite composites in humidity sensing but also highlights the critical role of composition in optimizing sensor performance.
Genome-wide conditional degron libraries for functional genomics
Authors: Gameiro Eduardo , Juárez-Núñez Karla A. , Fung Jia Jun , Shankar Susmitha , Luke Brian , Khmelinskii Anton
Published: December 2024

Functional genomics with libraries of knockout alleles is limited to non-essential genes and convoluted by the potential accumulation of suppressor mutations in knockout backgrounds, which can lead to erroneous functional annotations. To address these limitations, we constructed genome-wide libraries of conditional alleles based on the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system for inducible degradation of AID-tagged proteins in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we determined that N-terminal tagging is at least twice as likely to inadvertently impair protein function across the proteome. We thus constructed two libraries with over 5,600 essential and non-essential proteins fused at the C-terminus with an AID tag and an optional fluorescent protein. Approximately 90% of AID-tagged proteins were degraded in the presence of the auxin analog 5-Ph-IAA, with initial protein abundance and tag accessibility as limiting factors. Genome-wide screens for DNA damage response factors revealed a role for the glucose signaling factor GSF2 in resistance to hydroxyurea, highlighting how the AID libraries extend the yeast genetics toolbox.
Hollow-type plasma absorption probe for measurement of electron density in low pressure plasmas: a sheath thickness–insensitive technique
Authors: Lee SangHo , Kim SiJun , Park InYong , Eom GeonWoong , Seo Byonghoon , Hur Min , Kang WooSeok , You ShinJae , Kim Dae-Woong
Published: December 2024

We propose a hollow plasma absorption probe (PAP) designed to improve the accuracy of electron density measurement in low-pressure plasmas regardless of the sheath thickness on the planar probe surface. This improvement is achieved through an artificial hollow space acting as a thick sheath to bring the resonant absorption frequency (

f

PAP

) from the hollow PAP close to the surface wave resonant frequency (), insensitive to variation in sheath thickness. Electromagnetic simulations confirmed the efficiency of the hollow design, showing a minimized discrepancy between

f

PAP

and

f

SWR

even with the thin sheath. Optimal configurations with a coaxial core diameter of 5 mm and a hollow depth of 5 mm were found and tested in plasmas ranging from

5
×

10
8

c

m

−
3

to

5
×

10

10

c

m

−
3

. Comparative experiments employing a planar cutoff probe (CP) to directly measure

f

pe

demonstrated good agreement between the electron density derived from the hollow PAP and from the planar CP, compared to that from a conventional planar PAP.
Role of Fe–As banding in electronic structure of Co doped LiFeAs
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Zhihua , He Ming , Lin Long , Tao Hualong , Cui Yan , Wang Hongli , Wang Weifang , Zhou Qingping , Liu Qinghui , Zhou Shugong
Published: December 2024

Experiment shows that the maximum Co concentration of LiFeAs in the superconducting state is around 17%. First principles calculations show that the Fe–As bond length, c-axis length, and electronic structure change gently from 0% to 18% Co doping concentration, but suddenly undergo drastic changes at 20% Co doping. Unlike many 1111 and 122 type iron-based superconductors, the contribution of Fe 3p orbitals to N(E
F) has significantly surpassed that of As 4p orbitals. The rapid decrease in N(E
F) is associated with a sharp contraction of Fe–As bond, and Fe–As bond length has ability to independently adjust N(E
F). The sudden contraction of Fe–As bonds leads to a reverse Lifshitz transition in band, resulting in the fracture and severe shrinkage in the inner layer of the hole Fermi surface. The originally nested structure of the hole Fermi surfaces is destroyed, which may be the main reason for the termination of superconductivity.
Tuning optical and electronic properties of indanthrene derivatives with electron-withdrawing groups (–Cl, –NO2 and –C≡N) for enhanced organic solar cell performance: a DFT approach
Authors: Kushwaha Pankaj Kumar , Shatapathy Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Vinay , Srivastava Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

In this study, we focused on improving the electronic and optical properties of the reference compound indanthrene (R) by introducing electron-withdrawing groups (−Cl, −C≡N, −NO2). Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed using Gaussian 16 software to study indanthrene derivatives as electron acceptor materials. The electronic and optical properties of the designed molecules (M1-M8) were investigated through frontier molecular orbital analysis, UV-visible absorption spectra, density of states, and transition density matrix analysis, utilizing GaussView 6.0 and Multiwfn 3.8 software. The designed molecules exhibit absorption across the entire visible spectrum, with maxima extending up to ∼737 nm. Their electron affinity values range from 3.0 to 4.0 eV, surpassing the fullerene-based acceptor material. Among the designed molecules, M5 stands out with superior photovoltaic parameters, including a narrow optical band gap (∼1.68 eV), exciton binding energy (0.25 eV), higher electron affinity (3.35 eV), an extended excited state lifetime (17.0 ns) owing to its low electron and hole reorganization energies (λ

e
∼ 0.190 eV, and λ

h
∼ 0.134 eV), and improved short-circuit current density of ∼15.7 mA cm−2. The photovoltaic parameters and power conversion efficiency were assessed using the Scharber and Alharbi models. The calculated device parameters, including light harvesting energy and photovoltaic characteristics (Voc, FF, Jsc, and PCE), suggest that these molecules, with electron-withdrawing groups, show great potential for use as acceptors in organic solar cells, particularly in terms of stability and power conversion efficiency. Notably, M2 and M5, with their PCE values exceeding 16%, emerge as outstanding candidates for device performance, impressively outperforming the other designed molecules.
Enhancing optical properties and antimicrobial efficiency of polyamide-6 for medical applications
Authors: Ahmed Donia U , El-Bakary Mohammed A , El-Sayed Nayera M , Sadik Adel M
Published: December 2024

Polyamide-6 (PA-6) fibers are valued for their high mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, but their inherent hydrophobicity restricts their applicability. To enhance functionality, a grafting process was applied at both low and high yields, enabling effective treatment of PA-6 fibers with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to impart antimicrobial properties. An in situ approach was employed to embed Ag NPs within the PA-6 fibers. The antimicrobial efficacy of the modified fibers was assessed against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including methicillin-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, and quinolone- and carbapenem-resistant strains, using the shake flask method with optical density measurements. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized the chemical changes associated with grafting and Ag NP incorporation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provided insights into fiber morphology and elemental composition, verifying the successful surface loading of Ag NPs. The Multiple Beam Fizeau fringes technique was used to evaluate optical properties, such as refractive index and birefringence, as indicators of structural changes. Although grafting reduced the optical properties initially, subsequent Ag NP treatment restored them. The PA-6-g-PAA 7%-t-Ag NPs fibers exhibited superior optical properties relative to PA-6-g-PAA 20.7%-t-Ag NPs fibers, though with lower antimicrobial impact on sensitive organisms. Conversely, PA-6-g-PAA 20.7%-t-Ag NPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against MDR pathogens. As a result, PA-6-g-PAA 20.7% is identified as the optimal choice, balancing effective antimicrobial properties with enhanced optical performance, suggesting its potential in antimicrobial fiber applications for medical use.
Design and analysis of a quad-band perfect metamaterial absorber with enhanced sensing capabilities in the terahertz regime
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Amir , Hin Yong Wong , Islam Md Shabiul , Lo Yew Chiong , Hoque Ahasanul , Alenezi Abdulmajeed M , Soliman Mohamed S , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: December 2024

This study presents the design and analysis of a Quad-band perfect metamaterial absorber (PMMA) with five distinct absorption peaks, achieving absorption rates consistently above 96%. The absorption performance is thoroughly examined by varying the structural parameters to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the multi-band absorption. Additionally, we investigate the sensing capabilities of the absorber by analyzing its response to changes in the refractive index and thickness of the analyte. Sensitivity and figure of Merit (FOM) are utilized to evaluate the sensing performance. The sensor demonstrates refractive index and thickness sensitivities of 1.5 THz RIU−1 and 0.5 THz RIU−1, respectively, with corresponding FOMs of 97.424 and 91.633. These results surpass those of prior terahertz regime designs, highlighting the superior sensing capabilities of the proposed absorber. The proposed design is promising for sensing, filtering, and stealth technology applications.
Second-order statistical characteristics of a radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beam with elliptical optical vortex phase in a turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Li Bocheng , Xu Yonggen , Liu Wenli , Hao Nianchi , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2024

Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral method, we have derived analytical formulae for the cross-spectral density matrix of a radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beam with elliptical optical vortex phase (i.e., partially coherent radially polarized elliptical vortex (PCRPEV) beam) propagating through atmospheric turbulence, and have investigated the evolution laws of statistical characteristics such as the average intensity, degree of coherence (DOC), and degree of polarization (DOP) of the PCRPEV beam in turbulence. The results indicate that atmospheric turbulence causes the average intensity distribution of the PCRPEV beam to split and rotate during propagation, ultimately degenerating into a Gaussian-like distribution. Moreover, the PCRPEV beam with lower ellipticity, larger coherence length, and higher topological charge degenerates into a Gaussian-like beam at a slower rate in turbulence. Additionally, we also find that DOC distribution is related to topological charge, meaning that it can provide a new way to measure topological charge. In addition, we simulate the propagation of the PCRPEV beam through atmospheric turbulence using the complex screen and the multi-phase screens methods to verify the theoretical results. The research indicates that the simulation results are essentially consistent with the theoretical findings. These outcomes hold significant relevance for the advancement of free-space optical communication and remote sensing technologies.