bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan NaCl 3% dan Manitol pada Cedera Kepala Akibat Trauma di Ruang Rawat Intensif Anak
Authors: Saragih Rina Amalia C. , Jiero Syilvia , Saing Johannes H. , Lubis Munar
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Manitol dan NaCL 3% merupakan agen hiperosmolar yang direkomendasikan padapasien anak dengan cedera kepala akibat trauma. Beberapa penulis memberikan argumen bahwa larutansalin hipertonis lebih efektif, tetapi belum ada konsensus berkaitan dengan indikasi, konsentrasi, dan carapemberian yang terbaik.Tujuan. Membandingkan pemakaian manitol dan NaCl 3% pada anak dengan cedera kepala akibat traumayang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif dalam hal lama rawatan, mortalitas, dan gangguan elektrolit.Metode. Penelitian retrospektif dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data rekam medis pasien traumatic braininjury (TBI) yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif anak RSUP H. Adam Malik selama kurun waktu Juni2012 sampai dengan Mei 2013. Data dibagi atas dua kelompok, yaitu pasien yang mendapatkan manitoldan NaCl 3% sebagai agen hiperosmolar. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Mann Whitney U-test, chisquare,dan fisher exact test.Hasil. Subjek 47 orang pasien TBI, 29 di antaranya mendapatkan manitol dan 18 mendapat NaCl 3%.Perbandingan antara kelompok manitol dan NaCl 3% tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna secarastatistik dalam hal lama rawatan [(5,79 + 4,37 hari) vs (6,00 + 4,20 hari);p=0,733], mortalitas (44,44% vs20,69%; p=0,083), dan gangguan elektrolit (37,93% vs 33,33%).Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan dalam hal lama rawatan, mortalitas dan gangguan elektrolit denganpenggunaan manitol dan NaCl 3% sebagai agen hiperosmolar pada pasien cedera kepala akibat trauma.Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode prospektif dan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar.
Manifestasi Klinis dan Fungsi Ventrikel pada Kardiomiopati Dilatasi
Authors: Rahayuningsih Sri Endah
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Kardiomiopati dilatasi merupakan kelainan miokardium yang memiliki angka harapanhidup 5 tahun yang semakin rendah dengan manifestasi klinis bervariasi. Fungsi kedua fungsi ventrikeldapat dinilai melalui ekokardiografi..Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan manifestasi klinis dengan fungsi ventrikel pada kardiomiopati dilatasiMetode. Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan data berdasarkan rekam medis dan data ekokardiografi pasienkardiomiopati dilatasi di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari2008–Desember 2012. Penilaian fungsi jantung melalui ekokardiografi dengan penentuan fraksi ejeksi(ventrikel kiri) dan penilaian tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (ventrikel kiri). Hubungankorelasi dianalisis dengan tes Spearman.Hasil. Didapatkan 43 anak dengan diagnosis kardiomiopati dilatasi. Keseluruhan pasien semua bayi/anakdengan kardiomiopati dilatasi datang dengan gagal jantung dan menunjukkan penurunan fungsi ventrikelkiri fraksi ejeksi 32,02% (15–50) dan terdapat penurunan fungsi ventrikel kanan, yaitu TAPSE 15,97 mm(12–21). Korelasi manifestasi klinis dengan fungsi ventrikel kiri dan kanan mendapatkan riwayat ISPAberulang tidak berhubungan dengan penurunan TAPSE. Riwayat keluarga, riwayat miokarditis sebelumnya,gangguan pertumbuhan, dan emboli sistemik menunjukkan arah korelasi negatif terhadap fraksi ejeksiberturut-turut (r=-0,71; p=0,649; r=-0,26, p=0,827; r=-0,118, p=0,45; r=-0,64; p=0,681). Emboli parumenunjukkan arah korelasi negatif terhadap TAPSE (r=0,166; p=0,288).Kesimpulan. Kardiomiopati dilatasi menyebabkan penurunan fungsi ventrikel kiri dan kanan, sertamenimbulkan manifestasi klinis yang berat dan prognosis yang jelek.
Faktor Risiko Hiperkoagulasi pada Thalassemia Anak
Authors: Tejasari Ridha Kurnia , Reniarti Lelani , Effendi Sjarif Hidajat
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Hiperkoagulasi merupakan salah satu komplikasi thalassemia yang telah terjadi sebelummanifestasi klinis ditemukan pada thalassemia anak. Sampai saat ini belum pernah ada penelitian khususmengenai faktor risiko hiperkoagulasi pada thalassemia anak.Tujuan. Menentukan faktor risiko hiperkoagulasi pada thalassemia anak.Metode. Desain penelitian potong lintang dilakukan sejak bulan Maret hingga April 2014 terhadap 87 subjekdi Poliklinik Thalassemia Anak RSHS Bandung. Hiperkoagulasi diketahui berdasarkan tromboelastografi(TEG), apabila ditemukan minimal 2 dari 4 parameter terpenuhi dengan atau tanpa nilai CI lebih dari 3.Analisis statistik faktor risiko dengan uji chi-square/Fisher dan regresi logistik.Hasil. Prevalensi hiperkoagulasi thalassemia anak di RSHS Bandung 70% (61 subjek). Usia termudahiperkoagulasi positif adalah 5 tahun. Faktor risiko hiperkoagulasi thalassemia anak yang bermakna adalahpeningkatan jumlah trombosit (p=0,002; RP1,08; IK95%:1,003−1,013), sedangkan variabel lainnyatidak berhubungan. Pasien pascasplenektomi sejumlah 9 subjek dengan kadar trombosit >500.000 mm3.Hiperkoagulasi positif dapat memiliki jumlah trombosit yang meningkat dan/atau gangguan fungsi trombositberdasarkan TEG.Kesimpulan. Peningkatan jumlah trombosit merupakan faktor risiko hiperkoagulasi thalassemia anak diRSHS Bandung
Profil Klinis, Laboratorium, dan Serologi Infeksi Virus Dengue pada Bayi
Authors: Mariko Rinang , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S.
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Kejadian infeksi virus dengue (IVD) meningkat di Sumatera Barat pada beberapa tahunterakhir. Bahkan, terjadi pada anak usia kurang dari satu tahun. Bayi mempunyai karakteristik klinik yangunik dan tidak banyak penelitian mengenai hal ini di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui profil klinis, laboratorium, dan serologi infeksi virus dengue pada bayi yang dirawatdi RSUP Dr. M Djamil Padang dari tahun 2012-2014Metode. Seri kasus menggunakan data rekam medik bayi yang dirawat di RSUP Dr M Djamil Padang dari1 Januari 2012 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Data mencakup usia, jenis kelamin, hari demam saat diagnosis,gejala dan tanda klinis, serta laboratorium.Hasil. Duabelas bayi dengan usia termuda 3 bulan dan usia terbanyak 5 bulan (5/12). Muntah merupakangejala tambahan yang paling banyak ditemukan (9/12), diikuti oleh ptekie dan syok (6/12), serta batuk(5/12). Infeksi primer didapatkan pada 8/12 bayi.Kesimpulan: Rerata usia dan kelompok usia terbanyak 5 bulan. Muntah merupakan gejala yang banyakditemui, diikuti, petekie, batuk dan syok sebagian besar merupakan infeksi primer.
Hubungan Kadar 25-Hydroksivitamin D dan High Molecular Weight Adiponectin pada Remaja Obes
Authors: Pangestu Yose M. , Warouw Sarah M. Salendu , Tatura Suryadi N.N.
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Obesitas pada remaja berkaitan dengan obesitas dan morbiditas pada orang dewasa. Strategi preventif efektifmencegah perkembangan obesitas dan morbiditas masih terbatas. Hasil studi penilaian peran 25-hydroksivitamin D (25(OH)D)terhadap obesitas dan morbiditas yang diperantarai adiponektin masih inkonklusif. Saat ini, diketahui molekul HMW adiponektinbukan adiponektin total yang berkaitan erat dengan morbiditas obesitas.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar 25(OH)D dan HMW adiponektin pada remaja obes.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang pada remaja obesitas sehat berusia 10-18 tahun. Defisiensi kadar vitamin D bila <20 ng/mLdan normal bila >30ng/mL. Hubungan variabel dinilai menurut uji korelasi Pearson (p<0,05). Uji regresi linear dilakukan untukmendapatkan persamaan parametrik.Hasil. Empat puluh empat remaja obes terdiri atas 41% laki-laki dan 59% perempuan, rerata usia 14,05 (SB 2,08) tahun. Remaja yangmengalami insufisiensi vitamin D 34% dan 64% terjadi defisiensi vitamin D. Kadar 25(OH)D dan HMW adiponektin remaja obeslaki-laki tidak berbeda bermakna dibanding remaja obes perempuan (p=0,112 dan p=0,174). Kadar 25(OH)D yang semakin rendahakan dijumpai pula kadar HMW adiponektin yang semakin rendah dengan hubungan yang bermakna (r= 0,416; p=0,002).Kesimpulan. Semakin rendah kadar 25(OH)D maka akan semakin rendah pula kadar HMW adiponektin pada remaja obes.
Pengobatan Terkini Sindrom Nefrotik (SN) pada Anak
Authors: Alatas Husein , Trihono Partini P.
Published: November 2016

Pengobatan sindrom nefrotik pada anak mengalami perubahan dari masa ke masa. Sudah sejak lama kita mengadopsi rekomendasiInternational study of kidney disease in children (SKDC) yaitu pemberian kortikosteroid 8 minggu, 4 minggu dosis penuh dilanjutkandengan 4 minggu dosis alternating. Dengan skema pengobatan ini 80% sindrom nefrotik idiopatik pada anak mengalami remisi,tetapi 70%-80% di antaranya mengalami relaps dan separuhnya relaps berulang/frekuen. Pengobatan hanya 8 minggu dirasakankurang adekuat (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome= KDIGO), maka KDIGO membuat rekomendasi baru pada tahun2013. Pengobatan inisial dapat dipilih dengan pemberian kortikosteroid 12 minggu atau tetap 8 minggu dan dilanjutkan denganpenurunan dosis selama 2-3 bulan (tapering-off). Namun usulan KDIGO dibantah oleh Japanese Study Group of Kidney Disease inChildren (JSKDC) tahun 2015 dengan melakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan prednisolon 4-4 minggu selama 6 bulan yaitu4-4 minggu + tapering off. Hasil penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa pemberian prednison 4-4 minggu tidak lebih inferior danpemberian 6 bulan tidak mengurangi relaps. Rekomendasi lain dari KDIGO 2013 diterima dengan sedikit modifikasi yang akandikemukakan pada makalah ini secara rinci, baik untuk pengobatan sindrom nefrotik sensitif steroid (SNSS) maupun sindrom nefrotikresisten steroid (SNRS). Juga diajukan pemberian beberapa preparat kortikosteroid “sparing agent” yang dapat dipakai pada sindromnefrotik relaps frekuen/dependen steroid.
Organization culture and related organizational outcomes: A theoretical study
Örgüt kültürü ve ilişkili olduğu örgütsel sonuçlar: Kuramsal bir çalışma
Authors: Yolcu Hüseyin
Published: November 2016

Organizational culture which has emerged as a sub-field of organizational behavior is observed to be decisive on many aspects of behavior such as employees’ motivation, performance, burnout, commitment and socialization. All this shows that organizational culture and related organizational outcomes are multidimensional and multivariate. The research also points to the importance of organizational culture for school organizations that play an important role in the reproduction of social relations. However, it is thought that there is a need to make ethnographic and qualitative studies  pointing out how social relationships are produced within the school culture    in contrast to the studies which fail to go beyond the the mainstream studies. ÖzetÖrgütsel davranışın bir alt çalışma alanı olarak ortaya çıkan örgüt kültürünün, çalışanların motivasyonları, performansları, tükenmişlikleri, bağlılıkları ve sosyalleşmeleri gibi daha birçok davranışları üzerinde belirleyici olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bütün bunlar örgüt kültürü ve ilişkili olduğu örgütsel sonuçların çok boyutlu ve değişkenli olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, toplumsal ilişkilerin yeniden üretiminde önemli bir rol oynayan okul örgütleri için de örgüt kültürünün önemine işaret etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ana akım çalışmalarının dışına çıkmayan bu çalışmaların aksine okul kültürü içinde toplumsal ilişkilerin nasıl üretildiğini ortaya koyan etnografik ve nitel çalışmalara gerek olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Relaxation and Integral Representation for
Functionals of Linear Growth on Metric
Measure spaces
Authors: Hakkarainen Heikki , Kinnunen Juha , Lahti Panu , Lehtelä Pekka
Published: November 2016

This article studies an integral representation of functionals of linear growth on metric measure
spaces with a doubling measure and a Poincaré inequality. Such a functional is defined via relaxation, and
it defines a Radon measure on the space. For the singular part of the functional, we get the expected integral
representation with respect to the variation measure. A new feature is that in the representation for the absolutely
continuous part, a constant appears already in the weighted Euclidean case. As an application we
show that in a variational minimization problem involving the functional, boundary values can be presented
as a penalty term.
EZH2 Expression and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiao-yang , Liu Hua , Gu Lin , Zheng Hai-lun
Published: November 2016

Objective

To explore the correlation between the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression and clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods

A total of sixty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were admitted to our general surgery department from January 2011 to December 2014. The EZH2 expression levels in the cancer tissues (CTs) from the 66 patients with colorectal cancer and those in distant normal colorectal tissues from 30 cases were examined through immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. The relationship between the expression of EZH2 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was analyzed.

Results

EZH2 in colorectal carcinoma tissues is granularly brown, predominantly expressed and diffused in the nuclei of tumor cells. Positive rates of EZH2 in intestinal CTs and in distant normal intestinal tissues are 62.12% (41/66) and 6.67% (2/30), respectively with significant difference (P < 0.05). Western blotting also confirmed its elevated expression in colorectal CTs. EZH2-positive expression in CTs was related to degree of differentiation, Duke staging, and tumor size (P < 0.05) but was unrelated to the patient’s gender, age or tumor site (P = 0.05). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the EZH2-positive group and the EZH2-negative group were 43.8% and 67.5%, respectively. The risk of disease progression of the EZH2-positive patients in the follow-up period was significantly higher than that of the EZH2-negative patients (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04–4.80, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

EZH2 is closely related to colorectal carcinoma development and disease progression, and thus could be used as a tumor biomarker that may indicate prognosis.
Effect of humidity on melt electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds
Authors: Liao Sam , Langfield Brendan , Ristovski Nikola , Theodoropoulos Christina , Hardt Jake , Blackwood Keith A. , Yambem Soniya D. , Gregory Shaun D. , Woodruff Maria A. , Powell Sean
Published: November 2016

Direct write melt electrospinning is an additive manufacturing technique used to produce 3D polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. It is similar to conventional 3D printing by layering 2D patterns to build up an object, but uses a high-electric potential to draw out fibres into micron-scale diameters with great precision. Direct write melt electrospinning is related to a well-established fabrication technique, solution electrospinning, but extrudes a melted polymer in a controlled manner rather than a polymer solution. The effect of environmental conditions such as humidity has been extensively studied in the context of solution electrospinning; however, there is a lack of similar studies for direct write melt electrospinning. In this study, melt electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds were produced with 90 degree cross-hatch architecture at three specific humidity [
An extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV,V) based on 2,3-dihydroxynaphtahlene
Authors: Gavazov Kiril B. , Toncheva Galya K. , Delchev Vassil B.
Published: November 2016

A liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV, V) containing 2,3-dihydroxynaphtahlene (DN), 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC), water and chloroform was studied in detail. When the vanadium is in the oxidation state of IV, the extracted species are aggregates containing three 1:2:1 (V:DN:TTC) ion-pair units composed of triphenyltetrazolium cations (TT+) and chelate anions {[VIVO(DN)(DNH)]− (I) and/or [VIV(OH)(DN)2]− (II)}. When the initial oxidation state of vanadium is V and the DN concentration is high, vanadium(V) is reduced by DN to a lower oxidation state, V(IV). However, at low DN concentration, vanadium(V) can enter the organic phase as a part of an ion-pair consisting of TT+ and [VVO2(DN)]− (III). The ground-state equilibrium geometries of the anions I, II, and III were optimized by quantum chemical calculations using BLYP/6-31++G⋆. The following characteristics were determined under the optimum conditions for VIV extraction: absorption maximum λmax = 333 nm, molar absorptivity ε333= 2.1x104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1, Sandell’s sensitivity SS = 2.4 ng cm−2, and fraction extracted E = 98%. The conditional extraction constant was calculated by two independent methods. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0.1-3.1 μg cm−3 (R2=0.9994) and the limit of detection was 0.03 μg cm−3.
What corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics can and cannot expect from neurolinguistics
Authors: Blumenthal-Dramé Alice
Published: November 2016

This paper argues that neurolinguistics has the potential to yield insights that can feed back into corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics. It starts by discussing how far the cognitive realism of probabilistic statements derived from corpus data currently goes. Against this background, it argues that the cognitive realism of usage-based models could be further enhanced through deeper engagement with neurolinguistics, but also highlights a number of common misconceptions about what neurolinguistics can and cannot do for linguistic theorizing.
Low-molecular-weight heparin-induced skin necrosis without platelet fall: a case report in pregnancy
Authors: Aydin Emine , Nuhoglu Esra , Orgul Gökçen , Can Sema , Deren Ozgür
Published: November 2016

Background:

Skin necrosis, following subcutaneously administered low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a rare but serious complication and has not been documented during pregnancy in the literature to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we are of the opinion that reporting this case may guide clinicians when presented with such patients.

Main observations:

A 36-year-old woman with painful skin lesions was admitted to our clinic at 36 gestational weeks’ of her first pregnancy. There was nothing remarkable in her medical history other than using prophylactic regimen of “low-molecular-weight heparin”(enoxaparine)4000 units anti-Xa subcutaneously because of heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. Potential reasons of the lesions were considered to be immunological reaction between heparin and dermal cells and management considered with these findings.

Conclusions:

Heparin-induced skin necrosis (HISN) is a condition that should always be borne in mind when there are nonspecific results. Enoxaparine treatment during pregnancy has a rare potential risk of causing necrosis at the injection site and it is reversible with careful intervention.
Third-person singular zero in Norfolk English: An addendum
Authors: Joby Chris
Published: November 2016

An article published in 2014 argued that the third-person singular present tense indicative zero was already present in Norfolk English before the arrival of Dutch- and French-speaking immigrants in Norwich in the middle of the sixteenth century. This position differs from that of Trudgill, who has argued that zero-marking in Norfolk English arose as a result of language contact between the immigrants (or ‘Strangers’) and local English people. One response to the earlier article is that it relies on examples involving the verb have, and that this verb is something of an exception as it is found with zero-marking in other varieties of English. The present article addresses that concern by providing further evidence that zero-marking was already used in Norfolk English for verbs other than have before the arrival of the Strangers in Norwich. It then evaluates whether, although zero-marking was present prior to 1565, Trudgill’s language contact thesis may nevertheless help to explain how zero-marking became a common feature of Norfolk English and indeed of varieties of English elsewhere in East Anglia. In short, this article aims to shed further light on the interesting question of how and when zero-marking developed in Norfolk English.
Q is for WHAT, WHEN, WHERE?: The ‘q’ spellings for OE hw-
Authors: Lass Roger , Laing Margaret
Published: November 2016

There is a wide array of spellings attested in Middle English for initial OEhw- in words such aswhen, where, what, who, which. Those beginning with ‘q’, found mostly in the North (including Scotland) and Northeast Midlands, have long been the subject of scholarly debate. The consensus is that they represented an articulation stronger than [hw], usually assumed to be [xw]. Just a handful of scholars have suggested that the articulation could have been [kw], but there is so far little detailed argument for this position. We propose thatat least a subsetof reflexes of OEhw- words cameat least variablyto be pronounced with initial [kw]. We suggest that this strengthened pronunciation existed alongside [xw], and lenited [hw] and [w], as well as simple [h] with the [w] deleted. We link (as some other scholars have) the history of these spellings with that of northern lenition of original initial [kw] to [xw]/[hw]/[w]. We approach the problem from a strongly variationist perspective, presenting (in accompanying appendices) detailed information on the ‘q’ spellings accessible from LAEME and eLALME. We review all the data, from the earliest attested forms through to modern dialect surveys, including place-name evidence, and we assess previous arguments on the topic.
Daily jottings: Preposition placement in English diaries and travel journals from 1500 to 1900
Authors: Yáñez-Bouza Nuria
Published: November 2016

This paper explores register variation in diaries and travel journals during the early and late Modern English periods (1500–1900), based on the case study of preposition placement, specifically preposition stranding (which I refer to) and preposition pied piping (to which I refer). Findings show that diaries and travel journals in general have a similar frequency of stranded and pied-piped prepositions, but that sharp differences emerge in their diachronic evolution. The trends suggest that the two registers generally follow the same historical drift towards oral styles previously observed in non-specialised registers, albeit at different rates and with only a moderately oral-like pattern in the nineteenth century. Also of note is that the frequency of stranded prepositions in diaries is lower than expected. I will argue that, although norms on ‘proper’ style and eighteenth-century prescriptive norms of ‘correct’ English play an important role, especially in the second half of the eighteenth century, one should also take into account register-specific characteristics such as the topic and purpose of the text, the setting in which it is produced (private/public), the participants involved and the production circumstances of the text. Likewise, idiolectal differences should not be underestimated, since they can on occasions skew results.
A corpus-based, cross-linguistic approach to mental predicates and their complementation: Performativity and descriptivity vis-à-vis boundedness and picturability
Authors: Krawczak Karolina , Fabiszak Małgorzata , Hilpert Martin
Published: November 2016

This corpus-based study investigates the complementation patterns of mental predicates in a cross-linguistic context. More precisely, it examines five equivalent mental verbs from English, German, and Polish and analyzes whether their complements are cognitively construed in different ways in first-person uses of those verbs as opposed to third-person uses. Two types of complementation are considered: we contrast nominal complements with clausal complements. Based on the results of prior studies into Polish
17β-Estradiol suppresses visceral adipogenesis and activates brown adipose tissue-specific gene expression
Authors: Al-Qahtani Saad Misfer , Bryzgalova Galyna , Valladolid-Acebes Ismael , Korach-André Marion , Dahlman-Wright Karin , Efendić Suad , Berggren Per-Olof , Portwood Neil
Published: November 2016

Both functional ovaries and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) may permit the development of a molecular targeting strategy for the treatment of metabolic disease. This study examines how the promotion of insulin sensitivity and weight loss by E2 treatment in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice involve several anti-adipogenic processes in the visceral adipose tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed specific reductions in visceral adipose tissue volume in HFD+E2 mice, compared with HFD mice. This loss of adiposity was associated with diminished visceral adipocyte size and reductions in expression of lipogenic genes, adipokines and of the nuclear receptor nr2c2/tr4. Meanwhile, expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase/pnpla2 and leptin receptor were increased. As mRNA levels of stat3, a transcription factor involved in brown adipose tissue differentiation, were also increased in visceral adipose, the expression of other brown adipose-specific markers was assessed. Both expression and immunohistochemical staining of ucp-1 were increased, and mRNA levels of dio-2, and of adrβ3, a regulator of ucp-1 expression during the thermogenic response, were increased. Furthermore, expression of cpt-1b, a brown adipose-specific gene involved in fatty acid utilization, was also increased. Methylation studies demonstrated that the methylation status of both dio-2 and adrβ3 was significantly reduced. These results show that improved glycemic control and weight loss due to E2 involve anti-adipogenic mechanisms which include suppressed lipogenesis and augmented fatty acid utilization, and in addition, the activation of brown adipose tissue-specific gene expression in association with E2-dependent epigenetic modifications in these genes.
Continuous elasticity: Design and operation of elastic systems
Authors: Copil Georgiana , Moldovan Daniel , Truong Hong-Linh , Dustdar Schahram
Published: November 2016

Advancements in the areas of Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and hybrid Human-Computer systems have made
feasible the creation of a highly integrated human-machine world. The concept of elasticity plays a crucial role in
fulfilling this vision, enabling systems to address various requirements reflecting performance, security, and business
concerns. However, elastic systems are still in their inception, and numerous challenges need to be addressed in their
development and management.

In this article we present an overview of our experience on elastic systems, with a focus on elastic cloud systems. In the
quest for designing and managing elastic systems, several challenges need to be addressed, such as: (i) enabling the
systems to fulfill different requirements from multiple involved stakeholders, (ii) designing elastic systems considering
various degrees of elasticity capabilities provided by different technologies and environments, (iii) understanding
behavioral relationships in elastic systems, and their effects on stakeholder requirements, (iv) monitoring costs and
analyzing cost efficiency of elastic systems, (v) controlling the elasticity of such systems at runtime in order to
fulfill stakeholders' requirements, and (vi) supporting system elasticity through operations management. We present the
techniques we have adopted in order to tackle the above challenges. We introduce our solution for creating elastic
systems, following their complete lifecycle, from design-time to operations management.
On the cubic and cubic-quintic optical vortices equations
Authors: Greco Carlo
Published: November 2016

An optical vortex can appear when a light beam with nonzero angular momentum propagates in a suitable nonlinear medium.
In some situations has been observed that the light intensity vanish at the center of the vortex (where the phase of the electromagnetic field is undefined), while the light beam assumes a ring-shaped structure.
In this paper we consider two classical cases in which such kind of phenomena occur: the case of the self focusing cubic nonlinearity, and the case of competing quintic and cubic nonlinearity.
In both cases we study the nonlinear Schrödinger equation of the optical field (with various boundary conditions) by means of min-max methods, and we prove the existence of saddle point type solutions, as well as minimum type solutions.
On the security of joint signature and encryption revisited
Authors: Nandi Mridul , Pandit Tapas
Published: November 2016

In 2002, An et al. [
An Experimental and Numerical Study on Orthogonal Machining of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
Authors: Krishnaraj Vijayan
Published: November 2016

In this work experimental and numerical result of high speed orthogonal machining of Ti-6AL-4V titanium alloy is presented. High speed orthogonal turning is carried in a lathe using uncoated carbide inserts under dry cutting conditions. Experimental study is carried out by focusing on the measurement of cutting force and cutting temperature. The experimentation is supplemented by simulations from 2D finite element model (FEM) using Third Wave AdvantEdge software. The measured cutting forces and temperature are compared with FEA results. The major factors affecting the machinability of titanium alloy such as spindle speed, feed and cutting tool rake angles are investigated. Numerical results agree with the experimental results at higher speeds and feed levels. These results can be used for further study in high speed turning of titanium alloys.
Transient fetal blood redistribution associated with maternal supine position
Authors: Silva Karina P. , Hamamoto Tatiana Emy N.K. , Nomura Roseli M.Y.
Published: November 2016

Objective:

To investigate whether fetal blood circulation is influenced by the maternal supine position.

Methods:

The inclusion criteria were good health, a singleton pregnancy, maternal age between 18 and 40 years, gestational age between 36 and 40 weeks, and an agreement to participate in the study. Each participant (n=20) was initially asked to adopt the left lateral position for 5 min, while fetal Doppler measurements were taken of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), umbilical artery (UA), and umbilical vein (UV). Subsequently, they were asked to change to the supine position for Doppler measurements at 5 and at 10 min.

Results:

When a woman remained in the supine position for 5 min, there was a significant reduction in fetal MCA-pulsatility index (PI) (median 1.70 vs. 1.42, P=0.003). This reduction did not persist after 10 min (median 1.70 vs. 1.65 P=1.0). There was no significant difference between the left lateral and the supine position at 5 and at 10 min in terms of UA-PI (0.853 vs. 0.870 vs. 0.858, P=0.850), UV flow (217 vs. 242 vs. 236 mL/min, P=0.263), and normalized UV flow (72.2 vs. 80.8 vs. 78.8 mL/min/kg, P=0.271).

Conclusions:

Changing maternal position from the left lateral to the supine position caused a reduction in resistance in fetal MCA and no changes in UA or UV indices. However, despite the changes in cerebral circulation which occurred at 5 min by shifting position, they did not remain for 10 min. The changes may be related to reduction in maternal oxygen saturation as there was no decrease in UV blood flow.
Grammatical and pragmatic factors in the interpretation of Japanese null and overt pronouns
Authors: Ueno Mieko , Kehler Andrew
Published: November 2016

Pronoun interpretation in English has been demonstrated to be sensitive to an interaction between grammatical and pragmatically driven factors. This study investigated the interpretation of pronouns in Japanese, which has both null and overt forms. Thirty-two native speakers of Japanese per experiment participated in passage completion studies with transfer-of-possession contexts (Experiment 1) or implicit causality contexts (Experiment 2), varying prompt type, aspect, and topic/nominative-marking of the previous subject. Two judges annotated reference and coherence relations in the completed passages. Japanese overt pronouns were revealed to pattern closely with English overt pronouns in their sensitivity to pragmatic factors, whereas null pronouns showed a mixed resilience to pragmatic factors. Topic-marking only showed marginal effects on reference in limited contexts. Despite different degrees of sensitivity to pragmatic factors, Japanese null and overt pronouns were both mostly subject-biased, casting doubt on the existence of a division of labor between the two forms. There was also an intrinsic link between reference and coherence relations throughout the experiments. We discuss the overall results in terms of language specificity and universality, the latter of which includes interactions between grammatical and pragmatic factors and the importance of discourse coherence in the interpretation of various pronouns across languages.
Attraction between words as a function of frequency and representational distance: Words in the bilingual brain
Authors: Versloot Arjen P. , Hoekstra Eric
Published: November 2016

Bilingual speakers store cognates from related languages close together in their mental lexicon. In the case of minority languages, words from the dominant language often exert influence on their cognates in the minority language. In this article, we present a model describing that influence or force of attraction as a function of frequency and of (dis)similarity (representational distance). More specifically, it is claimed that the strength of the force of attraction of one word upon another is (among others) a function of their frequencies divided by their formal dissimilarity. The model is applied to the distribution of nouns derived from adjectives in Frisian, where the suffix -ens competes with -heid. Of these two suffixes, Frisian -heid is similar to Dutch -heid, whereas Frisian -ens does not have a similar counterpart in Dutch. The model predicts that Frisian derived nouns of which the adjectival bases are similar in form and meaning to Dutch will occur more often with -heid and less often with -ens. It also predicts that this effect will be stronger as the words involved are more frequent. Our findings make it possible to verify the model’s quantification of the influence of Dutch words on their cognates.
Extraction from gerunds and the internal syntax of verbs
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Jiménez-Fernández Ángel L.
Published: November 2016

This paper provides an analysis of transparent gerunds in Spanish, as in¿Qué llegó [silbandoqué] Juan?‘What arrived [whistlingwhat] Juan?’, using a decomposition of Aktionsart in a series of syntactic heads. A traditional analysis of these secondary predicates as adjuncts would undermine well-established syntactic principles restricting movement and extraction. We argue that these transparent gerunds should be analyzed as syntactic constituents merged as part of the syntactic projections associated with Aktionsart. More precisely, they qualify as RhemePs – assuming Ramchand’s First Phase Syntax system – thus allowing their arguments to be extracted. Well-attested differences between Spanish and English gerunds will be explained in our analysis by proposing that the Spanish gerund projects as PathP (given it carries a path preposition), whereas English gerunds are simply RhemeP (lacking any sort of preposition).
Adonai is My Shepherd: Theology, Values,
and Sexism in Bible Translation
Authors: Reiner Fred N.
Published: November 2016

Our translation of biblical passages, and our selection of translations, has an effect on their
liturgical use and the values we teach. By choosing a gender-neutral translation we may make a statement
of gender inclusion, but at the same time some worshipers may find the change from a familiar translation
jarring. Should we sacrifice the value of inclusion for the comfort of a familiar text? Psalm 23 is a case in
point. The strong masculine imagery of the psalm, and its well-known translation, put off those who seek
gender-neutral language for prayer and sacred texts. But do the King James and RSV translations, or a
modernized version, have inherent sacredness, as well as comfort through their familiarity? This paper
explores the nuances of some of the issues involved in a gender-neutral translation of Psalm 23 (and other
texts) within the liturgical context of the synagogue.
Reframing Magna Carta – Comprehensive Planning and Pragmatic Outcomes
Authors: Garside Paul , Rogerson Cordelia , Moorhead Gavin , Matsuoka Kumiko , Duffy Christina
Published: November 2016

In preparation for the British Library’s exhibition to mark 800 years of Magna Carta, the Library’s copies of the charter, and three related documents, were reframed. There were several requirements: minimal intervention; allow re-treatability; fully show rectos and text; present the charters as documents rather than artworks. Comprehensive risk assessments and work plans determined appropriate working methods, display angles, mounting techniques and materials, taking into account the particular features of each charter, including seals, ribbons and seal bags. Frames from commercial manufacturers were considered, and a selection made on several criteria: security, accessibility, environment, aesthetics and versatility. This project has demonstrated how a sophisticated and comprehensive initial assessment allowed a relatively simple but demonstrably appropriate solution to be implemented, using well established and understood materials and methods. This provided secure and sympathetic frames for the six documents, catering for the specific requirements of each item, and also allowed versatility should requirements change in future. We worked closely with other stakeholders, and were able to argue for the best outcomes for the objects themselves, demonstrating that high profile objects do not necessarily require expensive, “high-tech” solutions. Thorough planning and preparation ensured the reframing was completed within time and under budget.
The perception of low-salt bread among preschool children and the role of educational personnel in creating a positive attitude towards reformulated food
Authors: Kovac Boris , Knific Maja
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to identify the possibility of unnoticed reduction in salt content of bread as a basic food in the diet of preschool children. The response of children to less salty bread and the role of teachers and teacher assistants in the introduction of novelties into children’s nutrition ware studied.

Methods

Using hedonic sensory evaluation in the case of bread, the perception of salty taste and responses of preschool children to salt reduction were observed. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data analysis obtained from the case study group, composed of 22 preschool children and 66 teachers and teacher assistants, was studied.

Results

The results show that a 30% salt reduction was not registered by the children, while a 50% reduction of the salt content, compared to the original recipe, though noted, was not disruptive. The perception of taste and development of good eating habits at an early age could be influenced by teachers and teacher assistants’ verbal and non-verbal communication.

Conclusion

Salt reduction does not significantly affect the rating of satisfaction with the tested product. Educational personnel must be aware of their decisive influence on children’s perception of new and less salty products. Such an approach could represent a basis for creating children’s eating habits, which will be of particular importance later in their lives. The findings may possibly result in an update of the national nutrition policy.
Molecular Interactions in Particular Van der Waals Nanoclusters
Authors: Jungclas Hartmut , Komarov Viacheslav V. , Popova Anna M. , Schmidt Lothar
Published: November 2016

A method is presented to analyse the interaction energies in a nanocluster, which is consisting of three neutral molecules bound by non-covalent long range Van der Waals forces. One of the molecules (M0) in the nanocluster has a permanent dipole moment, whereas the two other molecules (M1and M2) are non-polar. Analytical expressions are obtained for the numerical calculation of the dispersion and induction energies of the molecules in the considered nanocluster. The repulsive forces at short intermolecular distances are taken into account by introduction of damping functions. Dispersion and induction energies are calculated for a nanocluster with a definite geometry, in which the polar molecule M0is a linear hydrocarbon molecule C5H10and M1and M2are pyrene molecules. The calculations are done for fixed distances between the two pyrene molecules. The results show that the induction energies in the considered three-molecular nanocluster are comparable with the dispersion energies. Furthermore, the sum of induction energies in the substructure (M0, M1) of the considered nanocluster is much higher than the sum of induction energies in a two-molecular nanocluster with similar molecules (M0, M1) because of the absence of an electrostatic field in the latter case. This effect can be explained by the essential intermolecular induction in the three-molecular nanocluster.
A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor based on naphthalimide and Schiff base units for Cu2+ detection in aqueous medium
Authors: Xu Yuling , Aderinto Stephen Opeyemi , Wu Huilu , Peng Hongping , Zhang Han , Zhang Jiawen , Fan Xuyang
Published: November 2016

A new Schiff base, 4-allylamine-N-(N-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,8-naphthalimide (1), has been designed and synthesized by combining a 1,8-naphthalimide moiety as a fluorophore and a Schiff base as a recognition group. Its photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and this sensor exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.75–0.91 inorganic solvents of different polarity. It also shows high selectivity for Cu2+ over other ions with fluorescence quenching in aqueous medium (pH=7.2). The reason for this phenomenon (fluorescence quenching) is attributed to the formation of a 1:1 complex between 1 and Cu2+ according to the Job plot and fluorescence titration. The sensor can be applied to the quantification of Cu2+ in a linear fashion from 0.5 to 5 μM with a detection limit of 0.23 μM. Additionally, the association constant (K
a) between Cu2+ and 1 is 1.328×106 M−
1 in aqueous media.
Effects of Paternal Predation Risk and Rearing Environment on Maternal Investment and Development of Defensive Responses in the Offspring
Authors: Korgan Austin C. , O’Leary Elizabeth , Bauer Jessica , Fortier Aidan , Weaver Ian C. G. , Perrot Tara S.
Published: November 2016

Detecting past experiences with predators of a potential mate informs a female about prevailing ecological threats, in addition to stress-induced phenotypes that may be disseminated to offspring. We examined whether prior exposure of a male rat to a predator (cat) odor influences the attraction of a female toward a male, subsequent mother–infant interactions and the development of defensive (emotional) responses in the offspring. Females displayed less interest in males that had experienced predator odor. Mothers that reared young in larger, seminaturalistic housing provided more licking and grooming and active arched back-nursing behavior toward their offspring compared with dams housed in standard housing, although some effects interacted with paternal experience. Paternal predation risk and maternal rearing environment revealed sex-dependent differences in offspring wean weight, juvenile social interactions, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescence. Additionally, paternal predator experience and maternal housing independently affected variations incrfgene promoter acetylation andcrfgene expression in response to an acute stressor in offspring. Our results show for the first time in mammals that variation among males in their predator encounters may contribute to stable behavioral variation among females in preference for mates and maternal care, even when the females are not directly exposed to predator threat. Furthermore, when offspring were exposed to the same threat experienced by the father, hypothalamiccrfgene regulation was influenced by paternal olfactory experience and early housing. These results, together with our previous findings, suggest that paternal stress exposure and maternal rearing conditions can influence maternal behavior and the development of defensive responses in offspring.
The Unintended Consequences of Health Information Technology Revisited
Authors: Ash J. , Berg M. , Coiera E.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: The introduction of health information technology into clinical settings is associated with unintended negative consequences, some with the potential to lead to error and patient harm. As adoption rates soar, the impact of these hazards will increase.

Objective: Over the last decade, unintended consequences have received great attention in the medical informatics literature, and this paper seeks to identify the major themes that have emerged.

Results: Rich typologies of the causes of unintended consequences have been developed, along with a number of explanatory frameworks based on socio-technical systems theory. We however still have only limited data on the frequency and impact of these events, as most studies rely on data sets from incident reporting or patient chart reviews, rather than undertaking detailed observational studies. Such data are increasingly needed as more organizations implement health information technologies. When outcome studies have been done in different organizations, they reveal different outcomes for identical systems. From a theoretical perspective, recent advances in the emerging discipline of implementation science have much to offer in explaining the origin, and variability, of unintended consequences.

Conclusion: The dynamic nature of health care service organizations, and the rapid development and adoption of health information technologies means that unintended consequences are unlikely to disappear, and we therefore must commit to developing robust systems to detect and manage them.
Knowledge Representation and Management: a Linked Data Perspective
Authors: Barros M. , Couto F.M.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Biomedical research is increasingly becoming a data-intensive science in several areas, where prodigious amounts of data is being generated that has to be stored, integrated, shared and analyzed. In an effort to improve the accessibility of data and knowledge, the Linked Data initiative proposed a well-defined set of recommendations for exposing, sharing and integrating data, information and knowledge, using semantic web technologies.

Objective: The main goal of this paper is to identify the current status and future trends of knowledge representation and management in Life and Health Sciences, mostly with regard to linked data technologies.

Methods: We selected three prominent linked data studies, namely Bio2RDF, Open PHACTS and EBI RDF platform, and selected 14 studies published after 2014 (inclusive) that cited any of the three studies. We manually analyzed these 14 papers in relation to how they use linked data techniques.

Results: The analyses show a tendency to use linked data techniques in Life and Health Sciences, and even if some studies do not follow all of the recommendations, many of them already represent and manage their knowledge using RDF and biomedical ontologies.

Conclusion: These insights from RDF and biomedical ontologies are having a strong impact on how knowledge is generated from biomedical data, by making data elements increasingly connected and by providing a better description of their semantics. As health institutes become more data centric, we believe that the adoption of linked data techniques will continue to grow and be an effective solution to knowledge representation and management.