bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREMATURE MORTALITY IN LGBT VERSUS NON-LGBT VETERANS: THE ROLE OF HEALTH RISK FACTORS AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Authors: Beaudreau Sherry , Lutz Julie , Otero Marcela , Warren Allison , Goulet Joseph
Published: December 2023

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) adults experience substantially higher rates of mental health conditions and other health risk factors than non-LGBT adults, but there is limited reseach on how these conditions increase risk for premature mortality. The current study examined this issue among middle-aged and older Veterans ages 40-99 who used Veterans Administration healthcare services from 01OCT2009 to 30SEP2019 (N = 845,122). Earlier age of death by suicide, overdose, or all-causes was hypothesized for LGBT (n = 675,639 ) vs. non-LGBT (n = 675,639) Veterans, and health factors and social determinants of health were predicted as key risk factors of earlier age of mortality. As hypothesized, LGBT Veterans had significantly higher rates of death by suicide, overdose, and all-causes among younger age groups than non-LGBT Veterans. Adjusted risk ratios indicate a significant contribution of mental health conditions (e.g., anxiety/depression), medical comorbidity, pain, smoking history, and military sexual trauma accounting for differential mortality rates by age in LGBT and non-LGBT participants. Social determinants of health, such racial/ethnic minority status and housing instability, were also significant contributors. Findings suggest the need for Whole Health interventions for LGBT Veterans to manage multiple health risk factors contributing to increased mortality risk. Suicide prevention is critical for the many middle-aged and older adults who die from suicide each year, and for LGBT Veterans especially, beginning targeted suicide prevention efforts earlier in middle age may prevent suicide deaths in later life. Lastly, findings implicate subgroups of Veterans who may particularly benefit from outreach and services.
WHO GETS RESOURCES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN? A COORDINATED DATA ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Antonoplis Stephen , Atherton Olivia , Graham Eileen , Mroczek Daniel
Published: December 2023

From schooling in early life to employment, income, and generating wealth in adulthood, people must navigate socioeconomic conditions throughout their entire life. Personality traits have been shown to predict how people navigate socioeconomic conditions, and a number of open questions remain. In this project, we address several of these questions, including 1.) do stable, between-person trait levels or within-person fluctuations matter for socioeconomic outcomes?, 2.) do traits matter across the lifespan for socioeconomic outcomes or only in specific age periods?, and 3.) do periods of economic recession change the relationship between traits and socioeconomic outcomes? To answer these questions, we examine the prospective associations between personality traits and socioeconomic conditions across the lifespan, using eleven longitudinal datasets. Participants were born from 1880–2000 and aged 5–102; myriad ages and generations were present for all major U.S. military and economic events of the last 50 years. The samples were racially diverse, containing datasets focused on African American, Asian American, and Pacific Islander experiences, and several contemporary nationally representative datasets. Initial results show, for income for instance, that 1.) between-person levels, not within-person fluctuations, matter, and 2.) between-person levels matter across all ages. Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion predicted earning a higher yearly income; Neuroticism predicted earning a lower yearly income. Effects sizes for traits were comparable to that for parental education. Our results shed light on how people navigate social structures across the lifespan.
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, FRAILTY, AND GRIP FORCE GENERATION IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Dillon Kaitlyn , Levin Bonnie , McIntosh Roger
Published: December 2023

People living with HIV (PLWH) face an earlier onset and higher rates of geriatric syndromes, including frailty and cognitive impairment. Grip force, an index of frailty, is sensitive to cognitive decline, central nervous system integrity, and may independently predict adverse health outcomes. The current study evaluates frailty, weakness, and cognitive impairment, as well as the neural correlates of grip force as they predict cognitive impairment. PLWH aged 55+ (N = 26; M = 61.9, SD = 4.7; 53.8% female; 76.9% Black) completed an fMRI task in which they were asked to generate 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% of their maximum force, a neuropsychological battery, and a physical assessment. Cognitive impairment was indexed using the Global Deficit Score (GDS). Per Fried’s Frailty Phenotype, 3.8% of the sample was robust, 57.7% was pre-frail, and 38.5% was frail. Impairment in memory significantly predicted GDS, controlling for age (B = 0.3, t = 4.9, p < .001). Robust frailty status significantly predicted GDS, controlling for age (B = -1.1, t = -2.4, p < .05). Age was also a significant predictor of GDS, controlling for frailty status (B = -0.1, t = -2.7, p < .05). Weakness, as indexed by grip strength, predicted frailty (F = 4.5, p < .05). Additional analyses will be conducted to examine activation in brain regions germane to force generation during the fMRI task as a predictor of GDS. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine neural correlates of grip force generation in PLWH.
ADAPTING COGNITIVE REMEDIATION GROUP THERAPY AS A HYBRID INTERVENTION FOR PEOPLE WITH HIV AND COGNITIVE CONCERNS
Authors: Eaton Andrew , Hui Jenny , Muchenje Marvelous , Murzin Kate , Carusone Soo Chan , Ibáñez-Carrasco francisco , Novik Nuelle , Walmsley Sharon
Published: December 2023

Cognitive impairment is a significant health issue for people aging with HIV/AIDS. With pharmacological treatment lacking, psychosocial group therapies may best help people aging with HIV and cognitive challenges cope with symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how in-person group therapies need adaptation for hybrid or online delivery. Peer-led focus groups discussed adapting cognitive remediation group therapy (CRGT) as a hybrid or online intervention. CRGT combines mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain training activities. Purposive sampling recruited people aging with HIV (40+) who self-identified cognitive concerns and resided in two Canadian provinces. Content analysis was employed on transcripts by 7 independent coders. Ten, two-hour focus groups were conducted between August and November 2022. Participant (n=45) demographics included age (M=53.22, SD=7.62) gender (45% women, 42% men, 13% trans/non-binary), sexuality (42% gay, 40% heterosexual, 18% other), ethnicity (45% white, 33% black, 13% Indigenous, 9% mixed-race), and employment (33% employed, 67% retired/disability), and all were retained in care. Overall, participants responded favourably to CRGT’s modalities and preferred a hybrid model blending in-person and online interactions. Preferred intervention facilitators were peers and mental health professionals. Knowledge of HIV’s impacts on cognitive health, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, was very low despite high reports of cognitive concerns (e.g., trouble remembering, impaired attention, difficulty problem-solving). Given the aging of the HIV population in Canada and the United States, increasing support will be required to improve quality of life. This presentation will discuss a hybrid CRGT adaptation, alongside considerations for how COVID-19 has impacted intervention research.
Local spherical harmonic power spectra from local magnetic or gravity data
Authors: Plattner A M , Johnson C L
Published: December 2023

We present a method to calculate local spherical harmonic power spectra directly from spacecraft magnetic and gravity data with varying spacecraft altitude. Previously published applications of local spherical harmonic power spectra have been formulated for data that are available at a single collection altitude, such as data evaluated from a global spherical harmonic model. Our approach consists of first solving for local models from local data and then obtaining local multitaper spectra from the local models. We demonstrate with numerical tests that this approach can produce reliable results. Our method is particularly useful in situations where data coverage does not allow for calculating global magnetic or gravity field models, or where data quality or quantity varies regionally and where local models could yield superior resolution or quality over global models.
Geographical Indications Between the Old World and the New World, and the Impact of Migration
Authors: Bonadio Enrico , Contardi Magali , Lucchi Nicola
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on the use of European geographical names in certain countries of the so-called ‘New World’ (i.e. nations reached in the past by waves of European migration) and the impact of such migration on the debate around the protection of geographical indications (GIs). Specifically, the article analyses four GIs case studies – ‘Prosecco’, ‘Budweiser’, ‘Rioja’ and 'Parmesan' – which highlight the role of migration in this context and how countries of the New World (e.g. US, Canada, Australia, etc.) emphasise this role to argue that several European geographical names of food and wine products are just the generic terms for the products themselves. The ‘migration’ factor however is downplayed by the EU (i.e. the Old World), which stresses that European GIs still have a distinctive function linked to the geographical origin of the underlying product and should be protected in Europe and beyond.
Developing Defences for Fashion Upcycling in EU Trademark Law
Authors: Senftleben Martin
Published: December 2023

Trademarked fashion items pose a particular obstacle to reuse projects in the circular economy. By granting broad exclusive rights, EU trademark law exposes sustainable reuse practices, such as upcycling, to allegations of infringement ranging from (post-sale) confusion to blurring, tarnishment and unfair freeriding. Against that background, this analysis explores strategies to assure fashion re-users that, as long as they do not specifically aim to mislead consumers or damage and exploit protected brand insignia, they can rework trademarked fashion items without risking the verdict of infringement. Two options for enhancing legal certainty will be explored: the first consists in adopting a strict test for ‘use as a trademark’ that could immunise sustainable fashion reuse against allegations of trademark infringement on the ground that consumers understand the specific reuse context and perceive third-party trademarks on circular economy products as mere decorative elements. The second option involves strengthening defences, in particular the referential use defence, by developing labelling guidelines that allow fashion re-users to ensure compliance with the requirement of honest practices in industrial or commercial matters.
Exploring the potential of the halotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis LN8B as an ecofriendly sulfide collector for seawater flotation
Authors: Arias Dayana , Saldaña Manuel , Botero Yesica L , Dinamarca Francisco , Paredes Bernardo , Salazar-Ardiles Camila , Andrade David C , Cisternas Luis A , Carrasco Jorge , Santos Carlos , Dorador Cristina , Gómez-Silva Benito
Published: December 2023

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis strain LN8B as a biocollector for recovering pyrite (Py) and chalcopyrite (CPy) in both seawater (Sw) and deionized water (Dw), and to explore the underlying adhesion mechanism in these bioflotation experiments.

Materials and Methods

The bioflotation test utilized B. subtilis strain LN8B as the biocollector through microflotation experiments. Additionally, frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and conventional collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) were introduced in some experiments. The zeta potential (ZP) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to explore the adhesion mechanism of Py and CPy interacting with the biocollector in Sw and Dw. The adaptability of the B. subtilis strain to different water types and salinities was assessed through growth curves measuring optical density. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted to evaluate potential risks of the biocollector.

Results

Superior outcomes were observed in Sw where Py and CPy recovery was ∼39.3% ± 7.7% and 41.1% ± 5.8%, respectively, without microorganisms’ presence. However, B. subtilis LN8B potentiate Py and CPy recovery, reaching 72.8% ± 4.9% and 84.6% ± 1.5%, respectively. When MIBC was added, only the Py recovery was improved (89.4% ± 3.6%), depicting an adverse effect for CPy (81.8% ± 1.1%). ZP measurements indicated increased mineral surface hydrophobicity when Py and CPy interacted with the biocollector in both Sw and Dw. FTIR revealed the presence of protein-related amide peaks, highlighting the hydrophobic nature of the bacterium. The adaptability of this strain to diverse water types and salinities was assessed, demonstrating remarkable growth versatility. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that B. subtilis LN8B was susceptible to 23 of the 25 antibiotics examined, suggesting it poses minimal environmental risks.

Conclusions

The study substantiates the biotechnological promise of B. subtilis strain LN8B as an efficient sulfide collector for promoting cleaner mineral production. This effectiveness is attributed to its ability to induce mineral surface hydrophobicity, a result of the distinct characteristics of proteins within its cell wall.
What the papers say
Authors: Bajwa Ali
Published: December 2023

The Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery (JHPS) is not the only place where work in the field of hip preservation can be published. Although our aim is to offer the best of the best, we are continually fascinated by work, which finds its way into journals other than our own. There is much to learn from it, and so JHPS has selected six recent and topical subjects for those who seek a summary of what is taking place in our ever-fascinating world of hip preservation. What you see here are the mildly edited abstracts of the original articles, to give them what JHPS hopes is a more readable feel. If you are pushed for time, what follows should take you no more than 10 min to read. So here goes …
Round-up of national decisions on online intermediaries and platforms 2023
Authors:   The Bird & Bird Ip Team, Chloupek Vojtéch , Kalenský Petr , Martin Taimr , Tolva-nen Aada , Arbant Géraldine , Trep-poz Edouard , Vrhovac Pava , Gelencsér Adél , Halász Bálint , Manstretta Federico , Vantini Andrea , Molle Clemens , Rieger-Jansen Manon , Lahoz David Fuentes , Arteaga Marta
Published: December 2023

Online enforcement of intellectual property rights has for a long time relied on the involvement of online intermediaries and platforms. Besides injunctions against ‘innocent’ intermediaries, questions surrounding the type of and conditions for establishing liability of online intermediaries and platforms have also gained increasing prominence. In Europe, for example, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has repeatedly tackled these issues. European Union (EU) legislature has also legislated in this area: on the one hand, Article 17 of Directive 2019/790 is premised on the direct responsibility of certain types of online platforms—online content sharing service providers—for user-uploaded content; on the other hand, the Digital Services Act (Regulation 2022/2065), while reiterating the importance of safe harbours for online intermediaries, has introduced due diligence and transparency obligations that are not premised on any liability of their addressees. In 2023, national courts in Australia, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain delivered a series of important rulings in connection with the treatment of online intermediaries and platforms This contribution provides a round-up of the most significant judgments issued in the period 1 January to 31 December 2023, with a special focus on copyright. The analysis is divided by area (liability of online intermediaries and platforms, enforcement aspects and other issues) and country (Australia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain).
Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Protection of Refugees and Refugee Camps
Authors: Neikirk Alice , Nickson Ray , Rijal Shekhar
Published: December 2023

The Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention was established to recognize and protect non-material aspects of culture. Through an analysis of the experience of Bhutanese refugees, we argue that the Convention could be used to aid, protect, and acknowledge refugees in the absence of other mechanisms. Bhutanese refugees began living in camps in 1991, and a population remains in camps without formal international or national support. During this residency, the culture and identity of the Bhutanese refugees were transformed. As sites of cultural meaning and transformation for the refugees, the camps should be protected. Unfortunately, the current state-centric process for nominating intangible cultural heritage for protection excludes stateless and minority groups, such as refugees. Consequently, the nomination process should be amended to allow for bottom-up, community-led nominations.
A new variant of Choledochal cyst-type VI: a rare case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Bai Yufan , Li Chunmei , Tang Jihong , He Min
Published: December 2023

A 53-year-old male patient with a previous diagnosis of dilatation of the common bile duct was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent episodes of vague epigastric pain over a 4-month period. After undergoing abdominal CT, MRI, MRCP, ERCP examinations, together with joint diagnosis by the radiology department and the gastroscopy unit, the diagnosis of a cystic dilatation of the common bile duct was excluded, and to preliminarily diagnose as cystic lesion at the hepatoduodenum ligament. A nasobiliary tube was preset before the surgery, and it was found that the gallbladder, the cyst, and the common bile duct were connected in sequence during the surgery, leading to the definitive diagnosis of biliary cyst of the cystic duct. During the surgery, the anatomical position of the common bile duct was accurately identified, avoiding iatrogenic biliary injury and preserving the integrity of the common bile duct structure. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 14th postoperative day. Cystic duct cysts are a relatively new and rare condition. This case demonstrates that clinical decision-making by a multidisciplinary team is of great significance for such diseases, and preoperative assessment of the anatomical relationship between cystic dilation lesions in the hepatic portal region and the biliary system and gallbladder is also crucial.
On the way to EU’s clean energy transition: new approaches and challenges for Gas Regulation in the EU
Authors: Metaxas Antonis
Published: December 2023

Gas has long been omnipresent in EU energy mix. The challenges created by Russia’s war on Ukraine, coupled with the Union’s decarbonization objectives, place gaseous fuels overall into a new perspective. On the one hand, the use of natural gas, a fossil fuel, mainly imported until recently from Russia, needs to be alleviated. On the other hand, natural gas has acquired an interim but still important status until the anticipated ‘green transition’ is finally achieved. Hydrogen for its part, which can range from relatively ‘dirty’ to ‘green’, is an energy carrier set to play a fundamental role in the process. The EU energy regulatory framework is rapidly expanding and evolving addressing the ‘trilemma’ of energy efficiency, energy security, and climate challenges, at times of financial constraints. The endgame and strategic objective is efficient full deployment of renewables. Gas cannot be presently abandoned, but rather sustainably utilized, in a cost-effective manner. Ideas put forward include repurposing existing pipelines, enhancing financial support for clean gases, rationalizing disinvestments, diversifying supply and employing Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage. If such policy options are properly applied, gaseous fuels will continue to be pivotal in the EU’s energy mix in the road to a fully sustainable future for the European peoples. The present article analyses the above aspects as well as legal and regulatory challenges that lie ahead.
Solar magnetic cycles as a Van Der Pol-Duffing oscillator: new insights
Authors: Chadou Ilhem , Belhadi Zahir , Becheker Katia , Zaidi Abdeldjalil , Bekli Mohamed Reda
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we use an approximative stable limit cycle solution of the hybrid Van der Pol-Duffing differential equation, obtained by homotopy and Poincaré–Lindstedt perturbation methods, to describe the toroidal component of the solar magnetic field B(t). This analytic approach allows us to recover an explicit relationship between the parameter μ, which is related to the meridional circulation, and the period of the Hale’s magnetic cycle with a correlation coefficient of r = −0.58. Furthermore, assuming that the sunspot number (SN) is proportional to the square of the toroidal magnetic field (SN∝B2), our solution accurately predict the presence of an harmonic oscillation in the SN data, occurring at a period of T/4 = 5.52 ± 0.44 yr. This prediction has been validated through Lomb–Scargle analysis, with a high statistical significance. Additionally, we find that the ratio of spectral powers between the T/4 harmonic and the main T/2 oscillation is almost equal to the value obtained from our solution using the mean values of the parameters. Interestingly, this study also reveals a correlation between the intermittent 5.52-yr cycle and μ, the parameter associated with the meridional circulation of the Sun. Both follow a similar pattern, suggesting that the origin of the five-year cycle lies within the meridional circulation. Finally, we will see how, using this model, we can overcome the limitations of direct observations and reconstruct the variation profile of the meridional circulation over two centuries using a single observation (from the last magnetic cycle).
Metal-poor stars observed with the Magellan Telescope – IV. Neutron-capture element signatures in 27 main-sequence stars
Authors: Mardini Mohammad K , Frebel Anna , Betre Leyatt , Jacobson Heather , Norris John E , Christlieb Norbert
Published: December 2023

We present a chemo-dynamical analysis for 27 near main-sequence turnoff metal-poor stars, including 20 stars analysed for the first time. The sample spans a range in [Fe/H] from −2.5 to −3.6, with 44 per cent having [Fe/H]<−2.9. We derived chemical abundances for 17 elements, including strontium and barium. We derive Li abundances for the sample, which are in good agreement with the ‘Spite Plateau’ value. The lighter elements (Z < 30) generally agree well with those of other low-metallicity halo stars. This broadly indicates chemically homogeneous gas at the earliest times. We used the [Sr/Ba] versus [Ba/Fe] diagram to classify metal-poor stars into five populations based on their observed ratios. We find HE 0232 − 3755 to be a likely main r-process star, and HE 2214 − 6127 and HE 2332 − 3039 to be limited-r stars. CS30302-145, HE 2045 − 5057, and CD −24°17504 plausibly originated in long-disrupted early dwarf galaxies. We also find that the derived [Sr/H] and [Ba/H] values for CD −24°17504 are not inconsistent with the predicted yields of the s-process in massive rotating low-metallicity stars models. Further theoretical explorations will be helpful to better understand the earliest mechanisms and time scales of heavy element production for comparison with these and other observational abundance data. Finally, we investigate the orbital histories of our stars. Most display halo-like kinematics although three stars (CS 29504-018, HE 0223 − 2814, and HE 2133 − 0421) appear to be disc-like in nature. This confirms the extragalactic origin for CS 30302-145, HE 2045 − 5057, and, in particular, CD −24°17504 which likely originated from a small accreted stellar system as one of the oldest stars.
Reduced oxygen concentrations regulate the phenotype and function of human granulosa cells in vitro and cause a diminished steroidogenic but increased inflammatory cellular reaction
Authors: Höfner Maria , Eubler Katja , Herrmann Carola , Berg Ulrike , Berg Dieter , Welter Harald , Imhof Axel , Forné Ignasi , Mayerhofer Artur
Published: December 2023

Oxygen (O2) concentrations have recently been discussed as important regulators of ovarian cells. Human IVF-derived granulosa cells (human GCs) can be maintained in vitro and are a widely used cellular model for the human ovary. Typically, GCs are cultured at atmospheric O2 levels (approximately around 20%), yet the O2 conditions in vivo, especially in the preovulatory follicle, are estimated to be much lower. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated the consequences of atmospheric versus hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 4 days on human GCs. We found lower cellular RNA and protein levels but unchanged cell numbers at 1% O2, indicating reduced transcriptional and/or translational activity. A proteomic analysis showed that 391 proteins were indeed decreased, yet 133 proteins were increased under hypoxic conditions. According to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, pathways associated with metabolic processes, for example amino acid-catabolic-processes, mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis, were downregulated. Pathways associated with glycolysis, chemical homeostasis, cellular response to hypoxia, and actin filament bundle assembly were upregulated. In accordance with lower CYP11A1 (a cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) levels, progesterone release was decreased. A proteome profiler, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 ELISA assays, revealed that hypoxia led to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic factors. Immunofluorescence studies showed nuclear localization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in human GCs upon acute (2 h) exposure to 1% O2 but not in cells exposed to 1% O2 for 4 days. Hence, the role of HIF1α may be restricted to initiation of the hypoxic response in human GCs. The results provide a detailed picture of hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes in human GCs and reveal that chronically low O2 conditions inhibit the steroidogenic but promote the inflammatory phenotype of these cells.
Histone dynamics responding to internal and external cues underlying plant development
Authors: Cheng Ying-Juan , Wang Jia-Wei , Ye Ruiqiang
Published: December 2023

Plants necessitate a refined coordination of growth and development to effectively respond to external triggers for survival and successful reproduction. This intricate harmonization of plant developmental processes and adaptability hinges on significant alterations within their epigenetic landscapes. In this review, we first delve into recent strides made in comprehending underpinning the dynamics of histones, driven by both internal and external cues. We encapsulate the prevailing working models through which cis/trans elements navigate the acquisition and removal of histone modifications, as well as the substitution of histone variants. As we look ahead, we anticipate that delving deeper into the dynamics of epigenetic regulation at the level of individual cells or specific cell types will significantly enrich our comprehension of how plant development unfolds under the influence of internal and external cues. Such exploration holds the potential to provide unprecedented resolution in understanding the orchestration of plant growth and development.
Lumbar erector spinae plane block versus infrainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block for pain management after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kaciroglu Ahmet , Ekinci Mursel , Dikici Mustafa , Aydemir Omer , Demiroluk Oznur , Erdogan Dilek , Golboyu Birzat Emre , Alver Selcuk , Ciftci Bahadir , Gurbuz Hande
Published: December 2023

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided facia iliaca compartment (FIC) and erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks in managing postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty surgery.

Methods

A total of 60 patients were randomized into 2 groups (n = 30): one that received FIC blocks and one that received ESP blocks. FIC and ESP blocks were performed with 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of the surgery. The patients received intravenous tramadol and patient-controlled postoperative analgesia. The pain scores, opioid consumption, and adverse events were recorded.

Results

The dynamic pain scores on movement in the postoperative first hour were significantly lower in the ESP block group than in the FIC block group (3 [2–4] vs 4 [2–5], respectively; P = .035). Data are expressed as median (25th–75th percentiles). Postoperative opioid consumption within the first postoperative 8 hours was significantly higher in the FIC block group than in the ESP block group (80 mg [61–100] vs 100 mg [80–120], respectively; P = .010). The adverse effects of opioids did not differ between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

ESP and infrainguinal FIC blocks provided similar postoperative analgesia 24 hours after total hip arthroplasty. The ESP block is more beneficial than the FIC block in terms of pain scores and opioid consumption in the early hours of the postoperative period.

Trial registration

www.ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05621161).
Green links: corporate networks and environmental performance
Authors: Asgharian Hossein , Dzieliński Michał , Hashemzadeh Zahra , Liu Lu
Published: December 2023

We investigate the propagation of environmental performance among competitors and in customer–supplier relationships. We find a significant causal effect among competitors, while the propagation from customers to suppliers and vice versa appears insignificant or does not survive identification tests. The effect is stronger among firms in highly concentrated competitor networks and toward firms with less market and bargaining power than their competitors. We also find significantly stronger propagation of environmental performance among competitors engaged in joint research and development activity. These results show that the propagation stems from both competitive pressure and technological spillover. Importantly, we find that propagation is strong when the competitor improves its environmental performance and when the firm’s own environmental performance is poor initially, alleviating concerns that improvements in performance are concentrated among firms, which are already green. Overall, network effects among competing firms are a significant force shaping environmental performance, and a force mostly for good.
Quality assurance of lead aprons for radiation protection
Authors: Revathy Periyasamy , Kaginelli Shanmukhappa B
Published: December 2023

Radiation protection is essential to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Lead equivalent apron is one of the common protective devices to reduce the occupational risk of radiation exposure. The aim of the study is to analyse the percentage attenuation of 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron. Twenty aprons were used for calculating the percentage of attenuation. The computed tomography (CT) phantom was placed on the radiography and CT table at 1 m from the X-ray tube. The readings were taken from the phantom using a detector at 1-m distance with and without lead equivalent aprons. The readings were tabulated and analysed. The mean percentage attenuation of 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron is 95.66 ± 0.61 in radiography (100 kVp), 95.64 ± 0.57 in CT (130 kVp), respectively. The percentage attenuation of lead equivalent aprons is permissible comparing with the literature.
An investigation on polymers for shielding of cosmic radiation for lunar exploration
Authors: Sankarshan Belur Mohan , Adarsh Lingaraj , Krishnaveni Sannathammegowda , Sowmya Nagarajan , Shrinivasrao Kulkarni , Manjunatha Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry
Published: December 2023

In outer space, we find many types of radiations that are due to solar flares, radiation belt, cosmic rays, etc. We are fortunate enough to be protected from these radiations on the surface of the Earth, whereas in other celestial objects such as planets and satellites, without a protecting atmosphere, penetration of radiation that may be ionising or non-ionising is inevitable. Hence, studying radiation environment and its effect on such celestial objects is very important for establishing facilities such as satellites, payloads, vehicles and human exploration. For such cases, manufacturing the products with lightweight, thermally stable, flexible, mechanically durable materials is essential and needs to be studied for the radiation effect. Hence, in the present work, we have made an attempt to calculate the rate of absorbed dose in case of polymers such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene, Mylar, polystyrene and Zylon for the lunar radiation environment. From the literature, it is found that ions up to iron has a lion share in the ionic radiation in space. The simulations were carried out for ions from hydrogen to iron using the SRIM software with various energies. It is observed that the absorbed dose rate in the polymers increases with the increase in ion mass. Further, the study can be extended to get the information of various flexible materials for these ions from which a suitable material can be chosen for the different space applications.
PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 size fraction distribution under steady-state conditions in a walk-in type 222Rn calibration chamber facility
Authors: Vijith Anidil P , Mayya Yelia S , Mishra Rosaline , Sapra Balvinder K , Karunakara Naregundi
Published: December 2023

Attachment of 222Rn progenies, upon their formation, to the atmospheric aerosols and inhalation of these radioactive aerosols causes inhalation dose to the human being. Aerosols have the characteristics of small particle size, long-time suspension and long-distance transmission and easy access to the deep respiratory tract. Aerosols are responsible for viral infection risk such as the recent worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19). Understanding the formation and behaviour of aerosols in a confined environment in various human habitations is essential to combat such detrimental exposures. Experiments have been performed to study the distribution of aerosol size fractions in the walk-in type 222Rn calibration chamber. The real-time applied particle technology monitors (APT-Maxima stationary monitors) were used for the simultaneous measurements of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 size fractions. The variation of the mass densities (μg m−3) of different size fractions at different positions inside the chamber was monitored by placing APTs. The PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 sizes fractions were distributed homogeneously within the chamber volume and the concentration ratios of these fractions were 1:1.5:1.6 for concentration values of < 1500 μg m−3, and 1:7:9 for the concentration values of > 1500 μg m−3.
A proposal for the performance evaluation of 0.5 mm lead aprons used in nuclear medicine
Authors: Lee Sangho , Jang Donggun
Published: December 2023

The lead apron plays a crucial role in radiation protection and is extensively used in medical institutions. Periodic performance evaluations, involving visual inspections and transmission imaging, are conducted annually. This research aims to propose a performance evaluation method for 0.5 mm lead aprons used in nuclear medicine departments. The experiments were conducted using transmission imaging and source-based evaluation methods, involving two lead aprons with <1 year of use and two other aprons used for over 10 years. The experimental results indicate that using 50 kVp for transmission imaging is appropriate to detect cracks in the lead aprons. Additionally, in the case of lead aprons used for >10 years, the measured attenuation rate was found to be ~3–5% lower, depending on the measurement method. Consequently, a performance evaluation, including crack detection and actual attenuation rate measurements, should be carried out for lead aprons used long-term to ensure efficacy of radiation protection.
The Safety of Body Wraps on Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Population
Authors: Freccero Allison , Scala Melissa , McLeod Kelly Andrasik , Donahue Bridgette , Webb Macey , Briggs Michelle , Najm Ivette , Sinha Monica , Santagata Lauren , Dahlen Alex , Nasr Annette
Published: December 2023

Background:

Despite well-established benefits of skin-to-skin care (SSC) for preterm infants and parents, standardized guidelines for implementation do not exist. Furthermore, the literature offers little evidence-based information to guide best practice.

Purpose:

To discover whether SSC using a body wrap to hold preterm infants would increase the duration of SSC, decrease parental stress during SSC, and minimize adverse events to ensure that body wraps are safe and feasible.

Methods:

Twenty-nine dyads of parents and preterm infants younger than 34 weeks postmenstrual age were enrolled. The first 15 dyads to meet inclusion criteria were assigned to a standard of care group for SSC with no body wrap. The remaining 14 dyads were assigned to an experimental group for SSC with a body wrap. Each dyad performed 2 SSC holds. Parents completed the Parental Stressor Scale and Parent Feedback Form. Adverse events were also documented.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in total SSC time (P = .33), the number of adverse events (P = .31 for major events; P = .38 for minor events), average parental stress (P = .22), and parental confidence performing SSC (P = .18).

Implications for Practice and Research:

This study found that SSC with a body wrap is safe for preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This is the first study to explore the use, safety, and effectiveness of body wraps during SSC with preterm infants in an NICU. Future research should be conducted with larger sample sizes to further evaluate the safety and efficacy.
ACR–ACNM–ARS–ASTRO–SNMMI Practice Parameter for the Performance of Therapy With Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Wallner Paul E. , Yoo Don C. , Calais Jeremy , Escorcia Freddy E. , Mari Aparici Carina , Michalski Jeff , Morris Michael , Morris Zachary S. , Pryma Daniel , Rabatic Bryan M. , Sharma Navesh , Vapiwala Neha , Ghesani Munir V. , Subramaniam Rathan M. , Small William , Schechter Naomi R.
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American College of Nuclear Medicine, the American Radium Society, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. The document is intended to serve as a resource for appropriately trained and licensed physicians who perform therapeutic procedures with unsealed sources, referred to in the document using the more inclusive terminology of radiopharmaceuticals, for which a written directive is required for authorized users under NRC 10 CFR 35.300.

Methods:

This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website (https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters—Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the American Radium Society.

Results:

This practice parameter addresses the overall role of the applicable physician-authorized user, Qualified Medical Physicist, and other specialized personnel involved in the delivery of radiopharmaceutical therapy. Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals include those administered as elemental radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) or the radioactive element incorporated into a targeting molecule (ligand) by one or more chemical bonds. This document provides guidance regarding general principles of radionuclide therapies and indications of various alpha, beta, gamma, and mixed emission agents with references to several recent practice parameters on new and commonly performed radiopharmaceutical therapies.

Conclusions:

This document addresses clinical circumstances, elements of available agents, and the qualifications and responsibilities of various members of the radiation care team, specifications of consultation and other clinical documentation, post-therapy follow-up, radiation safety precautions, elements of quality control and improvement programs, infection control, and patient education to ensure optimal patient care and safety when utilizing radiopharmaceuticals.
Retinal Microvasculopathy with Different Insulin Infusion Therapies in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus without Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy.
Authors: Guo Yan , Zheng Xiaoquan , He Hongwu , Zheng Suilian
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To explore the characteristics and associated factors of retinal microvasculopathy and neurodegeneration with different insulin therapies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:

41 T1DM children with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), 22 T1DM children with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), and 62 age-matched normal controls were enrolled. SPECTRALIS OCT was used to scan 6 *6 mm square area of posterior retina.

Results:

The Vessel density (VD) of superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in T1DM -MDI group were all significantly lower than those in the T1DM-CSII and control group (0.39±0.05 vs.0.44±0.04 and 0.42±0.06, p<0.001;0.26±0.04 vs. 0.30±0.02 and 0.28±0.04, p=0.003; 0.30±0.04 vs.0.33±0.04 and 0.32±0.04, p=0.027). In T1DM -MDI group, lower VD of SVP was associated with higher Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) (r=-0.377, p=0.015). Foveal avascular zone morphology index (FAZM) in T1DM -MDI and T1DM-CSII group were smaller than control group (0.63±0.11 and 0.63±0.12 vs.0.69±0.15, p=0.040). There was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the retina among three groups(p>0.05).

Conclusion:

The VD of posterior retina was lower in T1DM with MDI than healthy controls and associated with higher HbA1c. There was significantly difference on VD betweenT1DM -MDI and T1DM-CSII, with the similar HbA1c. This study suggested that optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could be beneficial for detection of retinal abnormalities in early T1DM children and CSII may be a better choice for T1DM children to prevent the retinal complication than MDI.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Infants in the United States: Incidence, Severity, Fatality, and Variants of Concern
Authors: Barry Megan C. , Pathak Elizabeth B. , Swanson Justin , Cen Ruiqi , Menard Janelle , Salemi Jason L. , Nembhard Wendy N.
Published: December 2023

Background:

The clinical spectrum of infant COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening illness, yet epidemiologic surveillance has been limited for infants.

Methods:

Using COVID-19 case data (restricted to reporting states) and national mortality data, we calculated incidence, hospitalization, mortality and case fatality rates through March 2022.

Results:

Reported incidence of COVID-19 was 64.1 new cases per 1000 infant years (95% CI: 63.3–64.9). We estimated that 594,012 infants tested positive for COVID-19 nationwide by March 31, 2022. Viral variant comparisons revealed that incidence was 7× higher during the Omicron (January–March 2022) versus the pre-Delta period (June 2020–May 2021). The cumulative case hospitalization rate was 4.1% (95% CI: 4.0%–4.3%). For every 74 hospitalized infants, one infant death occurred, but overall COVID-19-related infant case fatality was low, with 7.0 deaths per 10,000 cases (95% CI: 5.6–8.7). Nationwide, 333 COVID-19 infant deaths were reported. Only 13 infant deaths (3.9%) were the result of usually lethal congenital anomalies. The majority of infant decedents were non-White (28.2% Black, 26.1% Hispanic, 8.1% Asian, Indigenous or multiracial).

Conclusions:

More than half a million US infants contracted COVID-19 by March 2022. Longitudinal assessment of long-term infant SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae remains a critical research gap. Extremely low infant vaccination rates (<5%), waning adult immunity and continued viral exposure risks suggest that infant COVID-19 will remain a persistent public health problem. Our study underscores the need to increase vaccination rates for mothers and infants, decrease viral exposure risks and improve health equity.
Engaging GME Learners in Health System-Aligned Improvement Work in the Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Rosenbluth Glenn , Choi Lei W. , Boscardin Christy K. , Gonzales Ralph , Green Adrienne , Hernandez Antonio , Vidyarthi Arpana R. , Julian Katherine A. , Baron Robert B.
Published: December 2023

Alignment between graduate medical education (GME) and health system priorities is foundational to meaningful engagement of residents and fellows in systems improvement work within the clinical learning environment. The Residents and Fellows Leading Interprofessional Continuous Improvement Teams program at the University of California San Francisco was designed over a decade ago to address barriers to trainee participation in health system-based improvement work. The program provides structure and support for health system-aligned trainee-led improvement projects in the clinic learning environment. Project champions (residents/fellows) from GME programs attend workshops where they learn improvement methodologies and develop proposals for health system-based improvement projects for their training programs. Proposals are supported by local faculty mentors and are reviewed and approved by GME and health systems’ leaders. During the academic year, teams share their progress using visual management boards and interactive leader rounds. The health system provides a modest financial incentive for successful projects. Since the program’s inception, thousands of trainees from 58 residency and fellowship programs have participated either as champions or participants in the program at least once, and in total over 300 projects have been implemented. Approximately three-quarters of the specific improvement goals were met, all projects meaningfully engaged residents and fellows, and many projects continued after the learners graduated. This active partnership between GME and a health system created a symbiotic relationship; trainees received education and support to complete improvement projects, while the health system reaped additional benefits from the alignment and impact of the projects. This partnership continues to grow with steady increases in participating programs, spread to partner health systems, and scholarship for trainees and faculty.