bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de inibidores de SGLT2 no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca: impacto na mortalidade e hospitalizações
Authors: Clementino Guedes Alaise , Moraes Assunção Maria Júlia , Régia Soares da Silva Uiara , De Araújo Montenegro Marina , Duque Portela Luciano , Clementino Guedes de Almeida Ana Carolina , Ricardo Santos Costa de Oliveira Davi , Nobrega Câmara Gabriel , Paim Ferreira Câmada Vitor , Henrique de Araújo Alves Celso , Moreira Marques Bianca , Guimarães Silva Yasmin
Published: October 2024

Esse estudo visa o uso de inibidores de SGLT2 no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, impacto na mortalidade e hospitalizações. A pesquisa foi realizada no indexador PubMed utilizando os termos ‘’SGLT2 inhibitors AND heart failure with reduced ejection fraction AND mortality reduction.’’. Os resultados apontam que tal condição grave requer uma monitorização continua envolvendo medidas variadas, como inibidores do co-transportador de sódio-glicose tipo 2 (SGLT2), demonstrando uma redução de 26% no risco cardiovascular dos pacientes que usaram Dapagliflozina. Além disso, apesar de sugerido como padrão para o tratamento de pacientes e a evidência de redução significativa de mortalidade e hospitalizações por IC, existem mecanismos de ação dos inibidores de SGLT2 que não são conhecidas e, portanto, há uma necessidade de análise mais detalhada e específica dos mecanismos em busca do entendimento menos limitado dos efeitos clínicos associados. Apesar de ter sido uma medicação desenvolvida, primariamente, para tratamento de Diabetes Melitus 2, foi observada uma redução de desfechos clínicos adversos em pacientes com ICFER.
Tratamento Abortivo e Preventivo da Cefaleia em Salva: Uma Revisão Abrangente
Authors: Nobrega Silva Layra , Soares Alcantara da Silva Rubia , Mont Alverne Bezerra Marjory , Teles Tomaz Mariana , Ursulino Barbosa Marília , Portela Garcia Bianca , Nunes Cabral João Vitor , Costa Figueira Virginia , Silvestre Coelho de Oliveira Nicoly , Hildefonso Diogo Mariano , Miranda Bandeira Victoria , Borges Araújo João Pedro
Published: October 2024

Este artigo visa realizar uma revisão abrangente sobre os tratamentos abortivos e preventivos da cefaleia em salva, utilizando a base de dados PubMed com os termos "Cefaleia Histamínica”, “Tratamento”, “Prevenção". Em suma, a cefaleia em salva é uma condição complexa que exige uma abordagem multifacetada para seu tratamento e manejo. A revisão das opções terapêuticas, incluindo intervenções abortivas e preventivas, demonstra que, embora existam tratamentos eficazes, a resposta pode variar entre os pacientes. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde se mantenham atualizados sobre as novas abordagens e personalizem os planos de tratamento de acordo com as necessidades individuais, garantindo assim uma melhor qualidade de vida para aqueles que sofrem dessa condição debilitante. Além disso, a inclusão de medidas de estilo de vida e intervenções comportamentais no manejo da cefaleia em salva pode oferecer um suporte adicional valioso. A educação dos pacientes sobre a importância do autocuidado e a identificação de gatilhos pessoais são essenciais para a eficácia do tratamento. Assim, futuras pesquisas devem continuar a explorar não apenas as opções farmacológicas, mas também abordagens holísticas que possam contribuir para o controle e a prevenção da cefaleia em salva, promovendo um cuidado mais abrangente e eficaz.
On the $cd$-Index for Alternating Descents
Authors: Pan Qiongqiong , Qian Cheng
Published: October 2024

In 2008, Chebikin considered the $cd$-index of $\mathfrak{S}_n$ with respect to the alternating descent statistic and asked for a combinatorial interpretation for its coefficients. In this paper, we provide an answer to Chebikin's open problem in terms of permutations without double descents and ending with an ascent, with respect to a new statistic defined on these permutations. Additionally, we demonstrate a $cd$-index approach to proving the gamma-expansions of alternating Eulerian polynomials. Furthermore, we offer a direct combinatorial interpretation for their gamma-coefficients.
On an Induced Version of Menger's Theorem
Authors: Hendrey Kevin , Norin Sergey , Steiner Raphael , Turcotte Jérémie
Published: October 2024

We prove Menger-type results in which the obtained paths are pairwise non-adjacent, both for graphs of bounded maximum degree and, more generally, for graphs excluding a topological minor. More precisely, we show the existence of a constant $C$, depending only on the maximum degree or on the forbidden topological minor, such that for any pair of sets of vertices $X,Y$ and any positive integer $k$, there exists either $k$ pairwise non-adjacent $X\text{-}Y$-paths, or a set of fewer than $Ck$ vertices which separates $X$ and $Y$. We further show better bounds in the subcubic case, and in particular obtain a tight result for two paths using a computer-assisted proof.
Polynomial Removal Lemma for Ordered Matchings
Authors: Gishboliner Lior , Šimić Borna
Published: October 2024

We prove that for every ordered matching $H$ on $t$ vertices, if an ordered $n$-vertex graph $G$ is $\varepsilon$-far from being $H$-free, then $G$ contains $\text{poly}(\varepsilon) n^t$ copies of $H$. This proves a special case of a conjecture of Tomon and the first author. We also generalize this statement to uniform hypergraphs.
Permutations that Separate Close Elements, and Rectangle Packings in the Torus
Authors: Blackburn Simon R. , Etzion Tuvi
Published: October 2024

Let $n$, $s$ and $k$ be positive integers. For distinct $i,j\in\mathbb{Z}_n$, define $||i,j||_n$ to be the distance between $i$ and $j$ when the elements of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ are written in a circle. So\[||i,j||_n=\min\{(i-j)\bmod n,(j-i)\bmod n\}.\]A permutation $\pi:\mathbb{Z}_n\rightarrow\mathbb {Z}_n$ is $(s,k)$-clash-free if $||\pi(i),\pi(j)||_n\geq k$ whenever $||i,j||_n<s$. So an $(s,k)$-clash-free permutation moves every pair of close elements (at distance less than $s$) to a pair of elements at large distance (at distance at least $k$). The notion of an $(s,k)$-clash-free permutation can be reformulated in terms of certain packings of $s\times k$ rectangles on an $n\times n$ torus.
For integers $n$ and $k$ with $1\leq k<n$, let $\sigma(n,k)$ be the largest value of $s$ such that an $(s,k)$-clash-free permutation of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ exists. Strengthening a recent paper of Blackburn, which proved a conjecture of Mammoliti and Simpson, we determine the value of $\sigma(n,k)$ in all cases.
Complexity Results on the Decomposition of a Digraph into Directed Linear Forests and Out-Stars
Authors: Hörsch Florian , Picasarri-Arrieta Lucas
Published: October 2024

We consider two decomposition problems in directed graphs. We say that a digraph is $k$-bounded for some $k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}$ if each of its connected components contains at most $k$ arcs.
For the first problem, a directed linear forest is a collection of vertex-disjoint directed paths and we consider the problem of decomposing a given digraph into a $k$-bounded and an $\ell$-bounded directed linear forest for some fixed $k,\ell \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}\cup \{\infty\}$. We give a full dichotomy for this problem by showing that it can be solved in polynomial time if $k+\ell \leq 3$ and is NP-complete otherwise. This answers a question of Campbell, Hörsch, and Moore.
For the second problem, we say that an out-galaxy is a vertex-disjoint collection of out-stars. Again, we give a full dichotomy of when a given digraph can be edge-decomposed into a $k$-bounded and an $\ell$-bounded out-galaxy for fixed $k,\ell \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}\cup \{\infty\}$. More precisely, we show that the problem can be solved in polynomial time if $\min\{k,\ell\}\in \{1,\infty\}$ and is NP-complete otherwise.
On the $Q$-Polynomial Property of the Full Bipartite Graph of a Hamming Graph
Authors: Fernández Blas , Maleki Roghayeh , Miklavič Štefko , Monzillo Giusy
Published: October 2024

The $Q$-polynomial property is an algebraic property of distance-regular graphs, that was introduced by Delsarte in his study of coding theory. Many distance-regular graphs admit the $Q$-polynomial property. Only recently the $Q$-polynomial property has been generalized to graphs that are not necessarily distance-regular. In [J. Combin. Theory Series. A, 205:105872, 2024] it was shown that the graphs arising from the Hasse diagrams of the so-called attenuated space posets are $Q$-polynomial. These posets could be viewed as $q$-analogs of the Hamming posets, which were not studied in that paper. The main goal of this article is to fill this gap by showing that the graphs arising from the Hasse diagrams of the Hamming posets are $Q$-polynomial.
From Quasi-Symmetric to Schur Expansions with Applications to Symmetric Chain Decompositions and Plethysm
Authors: Orellana Rosa , Saliola Franco , Schilling Anne , Zabrocki Mike
Published: October 2024

It is an important problem in algebraic combinatorics to deduce the Schur function expansion of a symmetric function whose expansion in terms of the fundamental quasisymmetric function is known. For example, formulas are known for the fundamental expansion of a Macdonald symmetric function and for the plethysm of two Schur functions, while the Schur expansions of these expressions are still elusive. Based on work of Egge, Loehr and Warrington, Garsia and Remmel provided a method to obtain the Schur expansion from the fundamental expansion by replacing each quasisymmetric function by a Schur function (not necessarily indexed by a partition) and using straightening rules to obtain the Schur expansion. Here we provide a new method that only involves the coefficients of the quasisymmetric functions indexed by partitions and the quasi-Kostka matrix. As an application, we identify the lexicographically largest term in the Schur expansion of the plethysm of two Schur functions. We provide the Schur expansion of $s_w[s_h](x,y)$ for $w=2,3,4$ using novel symmetric chain decompositions of Young's lattice for partitions in a $w\times h$ box. For $w=4$, this is the first known combinatorial expression for the coefficient of $s_{\lambda}$ in $s_{w}[s_{h}]$ for two-row partitions $\lambda$, and for $w=3$ the combinatorial expression is new.
Self-Avoiding Walks on Cayley Graphs Through the Lens of Symbolic Dynamics
Authors: Aubrun Nathalie , Bitar Nicolás
Published: October 2024

We study dynamical and computational properties of the set of bi-infinite self-avoiding walks on Cayley graphs, as well as ways to compute, approximate and bound their connective constant. To do this, we introduce the skeleton $X_{G,S}$ of a finitely generated group $G$ relative to a generating set $S$, which is a one-dimensional subshift made of configurations on $S$ that avoid all words that reduce to the identity. We provide a characterization of groups which have SFT skeletons and sofic skeletons: first, there exists a finite generating set $S$ such that $X_{G,S}$ is a subshift of finite type if and only if $G$ is a plain group; second, there exists $S$ such that $X_{G,S}$ is sofic if and only if $G$ is a plain group, $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ or $\mathcal{D}_{\infty}\times\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. We also characterize finitely generated torsion groups as groups whose skeletons are aperiodic.
For connective constants, using graph height functions and bridges, we show that Cayley graphs of finitely generated torsion groups do not admit graph height functions, and that for groups that admit transitive graph height functions, the connective constant is equal to the growth rate of periodic points of the skeleton. Finally, we take a brief look at the set of bi-infinite geodesics and introduce an analog of the connective constant for the geodesic growth.
The Relationship Between Peer Groups and the Learning Independence of Biology Education Students
Authors: Astina Astina , Johnson Wendy Renae
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study: This research aims to determine the relationship between peer groups and the learning independence of biology education students.
Methodology: This type of research is quantitative with a correlation method. The population of this study was Biology Education Students, totaling 263 people with a sample size of 132 people. Sampling was carried out using Simple Random Sampling. The data collection techniques used are the learning independence scale and the peer group scale. The data analysis technique is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with product moment correlation techniques.
Main Findings: The research results based on descriptive statistical analysis show that independence in learning is in the low category with an average value of 88.56 and the peer group is in the medium category with an average value of 87. Meanwhile, the results of inferential statistical analysis show that rcount is greater than rtable or 0.27 ≥ 0.24, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between the peer group and the learning independence of students. Where is the sig value. 2-tailed is 0.00 ≤ 0.05.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contributes to explaining the social aspects of independent learning that are often overlooked in previous literature. While much research has explored internal factors that influence learning independence, the emphasis on the role of peer groups as external agents influencing students' motivation, mindset, and learning styles, is an innovative focus point. This enriches our insight into how social interaction with fellow students can have a significant influence on the level of learning independence of Biology Education students.
The Elementary School Teachers’ Motivational Types and Their Individual Performance Commitment
Authors: Adlaon Gauvin , Kulano Kautin S , Crase Erlmarie P , Mangindra Norquez M , Abalos Ezra Ivan Rey A
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study: This research was conducted to investigate the motivational types of elementary school teachers and their relationship with their individual performance commitment and review scores and their identified demographic profiles.
Methodology: Employing a quantitative-correlation research design, a survey was administered to 78 elementary school teachers in Kidapawan City, Philippines. The gathered data underwent rigorous analysis using descriptive and correlational statistics with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Main Findings: The results of this study revealed that the respondents exhibited a strong intrinsic motivation, demonstrating unwavering dedication to the teaching profession. Simultaneously, their extrinsic motivations underscored the importance of external incentives and recognition in enhancing their commitment to teaching. This research also showcased the exemplary performance of the respondents in fulfilling their mandated responsibilities, as evident in their IPCR ratings. Further analysis unveiled no significant relationship between the respondents' IPCR scores and their motivational types, whether intrinsic or extrinsic.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In general, the outcomes of this research contribute invaluable information for formulating conclusions and practical recommendations. The findings offer insights into the interplay of motivation and performance, which can be applied to enhance teacher support, professional development, and the overall effectiveness of the teaching profession.
Examination of Access to Credit and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bushenyi District, Uganda
Authors: Byamukama Eliab Mpora , Komuhangi Jacinta , Miganda Vicent , Turyahebwa Abanis
Published: October 2024

The study examined access to credit and the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bushenyi District, Uganda. The study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the extent of access to credit and the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bushenyi District. SMEs have been seen as uncommon supporters of the Ugandan economy because they both organize and work for innovative considerations. In any case, their execution and development are regularly ruined by different challenges. For the methodology, surveys and interviews were utilized to gather essential information, whereas diaries, books, and the web were sources of auxiliary information. The information was secured over five years, extending from the year 2019 to 2024. The relapse show has an R of 0.724, which shows a solid positive relationship between the factors. The coefficient of assurance, R square, demonstrates how well the information fits within the measurable range and how effective the fit is in clarifying the variety of the information. In this study, 52.4% of the variance within the dependent variable is explained by the independent factors, supporting financial services that are more inclusive and sensitive to SMEs. The areas of the study were challenged by the barriers and constraints facing SMEs in accessing credit from credit facilities. It was also limited to accessing the respondents since they were located across the Bushenyi District. Through creating an empowering environment for SMEs, the bridge that exists between huge and small companies can be limited. This may also be accomplished through segmenting NSE for SMEs posting and defining the administrative system that's inviting SMEs
Udhihirikaji wa Viambajengo Katizwa Katika Lugha ya Kiswahili
Authors: Lucas Priscah Katunge , Mwita Leonard Chacha
Published: October 2024

Makala hii inachunguza udhihirikaji wa viambajengo katizwa katika Kiswahili. Viambajengo katizwa ni elementi za neno au kishazi ambazo hazipatikani katika usanjari mmoja kwa sababu elementi kutoka mofu au kirai kingine zimeingilia kati (Reinholtz, 1999). Hili hutokea wakati mofu kadhaa za kiambajengo kimoja zimetengwa au maneno kadhaa ya kirai kimoja yametengwa.  Kwa mfano: “Rais alizungumza, bila shaka, juu ya siasa.” Katika sentensi hii, kitenzi na kielezi chake vilitengwa na taarifa nyingine. Nadharia ya Sarufi Miundo Virai Katizwa iliyozungumziwa na Harman (1963) iliongoza utafiti huu. Data ya makala hii ilikusanywa nyanjani ambapo wataalamu wa lugha ya Kiswahili walihojiwa kuhusu usahihi wa sentensi katizwa na hata kusaidia kuzalisha zingine. Mbinu ya usampulishaji wa kimaksudi ilitumika katika uteuzi wa sampuli. Data ya utafiti huu ilibaini aina mbili kuu za virai katizwa. Ilibainika kuwa viambajengo katizwa husababishwa na ukanushi wa baadhi ya vitenzi, ukanushi maradufu, njeo vishazi tegemezi na vishazi viongezi. Tafiti zingine zinaweza kufanywa kuhusu udhihirikaji wa viambajengo katizwa katika aina nyingine ya kirai kama vile kirai kihusishi au kirai kivumishi katika lugha ya Kiswahili au lugha nyingine
Prescrição de treinamento físico baseado na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca: uma questão de saúde e de desempenho
Authors: Silva Aline Tito B , Martins Lilian
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) é um indicador de homeostase biopsicofisiológico e tem sido amplamente utilizado como método de aplicação de intensidade no treinamento físico. Trata-se de uma ferramenta para estimar limiar ventilatório e aptidão cardiorrespiratória e o nível de recuperação do atleta. Entender sua aplicação no planejamento do treinamento é tema de grande relevância para cientistas, treinadores e atletas.
Objetivo: Apresentar a importância da aplicação da VFC no planejamento do treinamento aeróbico de atletas, tanto amadores quanto profissionais.
Conclusão: Os principais pontos encontrados no estudo são a promissora aplicabilidade da VFC como monitoramento e guia de prescrição de treino para atletas de resistência.
Perfil sociodemográfico do gestor esportivo brasileiro no período entre 2012 e 2022: um estudo descritivo e analítico
Authors: Saloti Matheus Henrique da Silva , Saloti Filipe Luís da Silva , Medeiros Leonardo Kfouri
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O presente artigo analisou o perfil do gestor esportivo brasileiro através de busca na literatura cientifica no período entre 2012 e 2022. Sua importância foi averiguar como o processo e gestão de trabalho transcorre no universo da Educação física.
Objetivo: conhecer o perfil dos gestores esportivos brasileiros, por meio de uma investigação na base de dados da literatura científica, bem como avaliar o que há de construção de conhecimento literário acerca da gestão esportiva no Brasil.
Métodos: Estudo descritivo e analítico que utilizou para a coleta de dados as bases: Periódicos CAPES, Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico.
Resultados e Discussão: O perfil observado do gestor esportivo brasileiro dos últimos 10 anos foi, descritivamente, do gênero masculino, com idade  variando entre 30 e 50 anos, casado, com ensino superior completo em Educação Física e curso de especialização na mesma área, com atividade dominante presidente e/ou proprietário, permanecendo no cargo por até cinco anos, em média, apresentando média salarial mensal inferior a R$3.000,00 com carga horária até 40 horas semanais, apresentando experiência de 1 a 10 anos.
Conclusão: Observou-se que a participação feminina no setor é reduzida em relação ao contingente masculino e que há necessidade de: valorização financeira, divulgação dos serviços que são prestados para a comunidade e de realização de estudos demonstrando a relevância da atuação do profissional/professor de educação física na vida do indivíduo e da sociedade.
Skuteczność stosowania gibereliny i innych zabiegów w celu przełamania spoczynku posprzętnego ziarniaków pszenicy ozimej
Authors: Niemyski Krzysztof , Świrska Stanisława , Szczepańska Krystyna
Published: October 2024

Określenie zdolności kiełkowania, przy użyciu metod, w których nasiona faktycznie kiełkują, nie jest możliwe w testach nasion pszenicy ozimej badanych bezpośrednio po zbiorze, bez specjalnych zabiegów niezbędnych do usunięcia spoczynku pozbiorczego nasion. W celu znalezienia ulepszonej metody dającej poprawne wyniki w najkrótszym czasie, przeprowadzono eksperymenty na technologicznie dojrzałych nasionach pszenicy ozimej, odmian Grana i Kaukaz. Nasiona zebrano w dniu zbioru kombajnowego w gospodarstwach i przetestowano dzień później. Stwierdzono dobrą skuteczność obróbki gibereliną. Giberelinę stosowano w postaci 1500 ppm, 0,01 M roztworu buforowego Gibrescol Polfa, podawanego na podłoże papierowe. Moczenie nasion w roztworach gibereliny i stosowanie mniejszych stężeń GA dało gorsze wyniki, jednak moczenie prowadziło do szybszego kiełkowania, a końcowe wyniki były niższe. Równie skuteczne w przerywaniu spoczynku, ale wymagające więcej czasu, były zabiegi wstępnego suszenia i wstępnego schładzania. Naświetlanie nasion światłem podczerwonym, stosowane w 1-10 dawkach trwających jedną minutę, nie przyniosło żadnego pozytywnego efektu, a nawet opóźniło kiełkowanie poprzez wywołanie wtórnego spoczynku, który można było ponownie przerwać za pomocą kwasu giberelowego. Wykazano możliwość wykorzystania synergicznego działania krótkotrwałego suszenia w temperaturze 40°C i późniejszego zabiegu gibereliną. Zastosowanie buforu Gibrescol o pH 7,0 i stężeniu fosforanu 0,01 M przy stężeniu gibereliny wynoszącym 1500 ppm skróciło czas oceny kiełkowania o 3 dni w porównaniu z oficjalnymi metodami wykonywanymi zgodnie z przepisami ISTA z 1976 r. i polskimi normami PN-69/R-65950.
Wartość siewna ziarna żyta i owsa po dwuletnim przechowywaniu w piętnastotonowych zbiornikach
Authors: Nowicki Włodzimierz , Ugarynko Alfons
Published: October 2024

Przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów uzyskane w badaniach zachowania się nasion żyta zebranych w latach 1972 i 1973 oraz nasion owsa zebranych w latach 1971-1973. Początkowa wilgotność ziarna wahała się od 13,2% do 15,0%, spadając po wysuszeniu do 9,3-12,6%. Nasiona przechowywano przez 25-30 miesięcy w metalowych cylindrycznych pojemnikach o wysokości 260 cm i średnicy 250 cm. Po przechowywaniu nasiona o zdolności kiełkowania wynoszącej wówczas od 52% do 94% badano pod kątem ich zdolności plonowania. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono na poletkach rozmieszczonych zgodnie z całkowicie losowym układem poletkowym. Ilość materiału siewnego wysianego na każdej działce obliczono na podstawie masy „czystego żywego ziarna”.Zarówno w życie, jak i w owsie przechowywanie spowodowało spadek zdolności kiełkowania nasion. Przy wilgotności nasion 14,8-15,0% degradacja nasion żyta i owsa była obserwowana już po 10 miesiącach przechowywania, postępująca wraz z upływem czasu. Wartość siewu zależała zarówno od roku zbioru, jak i partii nasion. Przykładowo nasiona owsa zebrane w 1972 r. o wilgotności 13,2% wykazywały spadek zdolności kiełkowania po 25 miesiącach przechowywania, podczas gdy zdolność kiełkowania nasion owsa ze zbioru w 1973 r., pomimo wyraźnie wyższej wilgotności 14,1%, pozostała niezmieniona po przechowywaniu przez ten sam okres czasu. Analogiczną współzależność można było zaobserwować jeszcze wcześniej podczas przechowywania nasion żyta, co było zauważalne już po 20 miesiącach przechowywania, w stopniu wyraźniejszym.Doświadczenia polowe nie wykazały dowodów na istnienie korelacji pomiędzy zdolnością kiełkowania i plonowaniem nasion żyta i owsa.
Perspektywy rozwoju różnych systemów produkcji rolniczej w Polsce
Authors: Kuś Jan , Stalenga Jarosław
Published: October 2024

W pracy omówiono perspektywy rozwoju różnych systemów produkcji rolniczej w Polsce. System konwencjonalny dominujący w krajach rozwiniętych gospodarczo w drugiej połowie XX wieku doprowadził do wielu negatywnych zjawisk, tj.: nadprodukcji żywności, spadku zaufania konsumentów do jakości surowców żywnościowych, a także nasilającego się ujemnego oddziaływania na środowisko przyrodnicze. Alternatywą do systemu konwencjonalnego mogą być rozwijające się ostatnio bardzo intensywnie systemy: ekologiczny oraz integrowany. Na świecie powierzchnia gospodarstw ekologicznych systematycznie wzrasta i w 2004 roku wynosiła ok. 26,3 mln ha. Zasadniczy udział ma w niej Australia (11,3 mln ha), natomiast w Europie największy areał gruntów ekologicznych znajduje się we Włoszech (1,0 mln ha). W 2005 roku liczba gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce wynosiła prawie 7000, co stanowiło ok. 1% całości gruntów użytkowanych rolniczo. Do głównych czynników stymulujących rozwój rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce należy zaliczyć: wysoki poziom dopłat do powierzchni gruntów uprawianych ekologicznie, a także przejrzysty system kryteriów oparty na Rozporządzeniu 2092/91/EWG z dnia 24 czerwca 1991 roku w sprawie produkcji ekologicznej produktów rolnych. Brak jest natomiast wciąż dobrze zorganizowanego rynku wewnętrznego żywności ekologicznej. System rolnictwa integrowanego intensywniej rozwija się w Polsce od 2004 roku, przede wszystkim dzięki znowelizowanej Ustawie o ochronie roślin oraz Rozporządzeniu Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 26 lipca 2004 roku w sprawie integrowanej produkcji. System ten cieszy się coraz większą popularnością wśród rolników, ponieważ stwarza możliwości łatwiejszego zbytu produktów na wymagającym rynku żywnościowym. W 2005 roku do certyfikacji Integrowanej Produkcji w Polsce zgłoszono 7585 plantacji obejmujących 22 gatunki roślin.
Porównanie pięciu miar zróżnicowania genetycznego polskich odmian pszenicy ocenianych na podstawie danych z analiz markerów mikrosatelitarnych
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Stępień Łukasz
Published: October 2024

Celem pracy było zbadanie zgodności wyników oceny zróżnicowania genetycznego polskich odmian pszenicy za pomocą pięciu miar: Jaccarda, Kulczynskiego, Sokala i Michenera, Nei’a, Rogersa. Materiał do badań stanowiły 53 polskie odmiany pszenicy. Zróżnicowanie genetyczne odmian oceniano na podstawie 164 markerów molekularnych typu SSR. Stwierdzono największe wartości miary zróżnicowania genetycznego Jaccarda. Stwierdzono istotne dodatnie skorelowanie miar Jaccarda, Kulczynskiego, Sokala i Michenera oraz Nei’a. Miara Rogersa oceny zróżnicowania genetycznego pozwala uzyskać wyniki odmienne od pozostałych porównywanych miar.
Plonowanie i jakość ziarna pszenicy jarej uprawianej w zmianowaniach o różnym jej udziale
Authors: Woźniak Andrzej , Gontarz Dariusz , Staniszewski Michał , Gos Marek
Published: October 2024

Przedstawiono plon i jakość ziarna pszenicy jarej w zależności od jej udziału w zmianowaniu. Wykazano, że zwiększony udział pszenicy jarej w zmianowaniu do 100% istotnie obniżał plon ziarna, w odniesieniu do zmianowania z 25–75% udziałem pszenicy. Zniżka ta powodowana była głównie mniejszą liczbą kłosów na 1 m2 oraz mniejszą masą ziarna z kłosa i masą 1000 ziaren. Drugim czyn-nikiem doświadczenia były poziomy agrotechniki. Wykazano, że intensywny poziom agrotechniki zwiększał plon ziarna pszenicy jarej, w porównaniu z poziomem zminimalizowanym. Czynnik ten korzystnie wpływał także na zawartość białka i glutenu mokrego w ziarnie, wartość wskaźnika sedymentacyjnego Zeleny’ego, liczbę opadania, a także gęstość i wyrównanie ziarna, w stosunku do poziomu zminimalizowanego.
Ocena odporności rodów pszenicy ozimej i pszenżyta ozimego na fuzariozę kłosów powodowaną przez Fusarium culmorum oraz odporności pszenżyta ozimego na mączniaka prawdziwego (Blumeria graminis) w 2005 roku
Authors: Góral Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Badano odporność na fuzariozę kłosów rodów pszenicy ozimej i pszenżyta ozimego zakwalifikowanych do doświadczeń wstępnych na sezon 2004/2005. Kłosy pszenicy ozimej i pszenżyta ozimego inokulowano izolatami Fusarium culmorum. Stwierdzono istotne zróżnicowanie podatności rodów pszenicy na fuzariozę kłosów oraz różnice pomiędzy rodami pochodzącymi z poszczególnych firm (programów) hodowlanych. Porażenie rodów pszenżyta było około dwukrotnie niższe niż pszenicy. Różniły się one istotnie pod względem odporności na fuzariozę kłosów. Wysokość roślin rodów pszenicy istotnie korelowała z nasileniem fuzariozy kłosów. Podobnej zależności nie obserwowano u rodów pszenżyta (tradycyjnych i krótkosłomych). Rody i odmiany pszenżyta wykazały zróżnicowanie odporności na mączniaka prawdziwego (Blumeria graminis). Obserwowano zarówno całkowitą odporność jak i skrajną podatność genotypów pszenżyta
Wpływ uprawy o różnej intensywności na wielkość i skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaka odmiany Ania
Authors: Borówczak Franciszek , Rębarz Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

W doświadczeniach przeprowadzonych w latach 1997–2000 badano wpływ deszczowania, technologii uprawy i nawożenia azotem na wielkość i skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaków. Stwierdzono, że deszczowanie i technologie uprawy o wyższych nakładach zwiększyły w plonie udział bulw o średnicy powyżej 6 cm. Plony frakcji bulw o średnicy powyżej 4 cm i 6 cm w warunkach deszczowania przyrastały w miarę zwiększania dawek azotu do 120 kg/ha, a w warunkach bez tego zabiegu do dawki 60 kg/ha. Najwyższe plony tych frakcji uzyskano z uprawy technologią wysokonakładową. Stwierdzono ponadto, że analizowane czynniki miały wpływ na zawartość skrobi, białka, azotu, włókna, popiołu i potasu w bulwach.
Ocena wiarygodności i przydatności komputerowej symulacji rozwoju populacji stonki ziemniaczanej (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) prowadzonej za pomocą programu SimLep 3
Authors: Wójtowicz Andrzej , Jörg Erich
Published: October 2024

W latach 2003–2005 w Instytucie Ochrony Roślin przeprowadzono doświadczenie polowe, którego celem była ocena wiarygodności prognoz rozwoju populacji stonki ziemniaczanej opracowanych za pomocą systemu SimLep 3. Symulacje rozwoju szkodnika z zastosowaniem systemu SimLep 3 dotyczą wybranej plantacji ziemniaka, a prowadzone są w oparciu o wyniki pomiarów temperatury oraz lustracji polowych przeprowadzonych w okresie składania pierwszych jaj. We wszystkich latach badań uzyskano całkowitą zgodność pomiędzy prognozą i rzeczywistym terminem maksymalnego nasilenia występowania larw z kategorii L1/L2. W dużym stopniu sprawdziły się również wyniki symulacji komputerowych dotyczące terminu wystąpienia na plantacji ziemniaka pierwszych larw L1 i L3. Natomiast dwukrotnie odnotowano rozbieżność pomiędzy prognozowanym i rzeczywistym okresem masowego składania jaj. Przeprowadzone eksperymenty wykazały ponadto, że ochrona ziemniaka wg zaleceń systemu SimLep 3 gwarantuje skuteczne zabezpieczenie plantacji ziemniaka przed uszkodzeniami wywołanymi żerowaniem tego szkodnika. Natomiast zabiegi zwalczania stonki ziemniaczanej prowadzone w terminie różnym od zalecanego przez program okazują się pod tym względem mniej efektywne.
Analiza genetyczna kilku cech ilościowych związanych z regeneracją lnianki siewnej (Camelina sativa L.) w warunkach kultur in vitro
Authors: Łyuczkiewicz Tadeusz , Nawracała Jerzy , Strybe Małgorzata , Satkiewicz Karolina
Published: October 2024

Sześć zróżnicowanych genotypów lnianki siewnej (Camelina sativa L), pochodzących z kolekcji europejskich skrzyżowano diallelicznie (typ II Griffinga). Z roślin mieszańców F1 oraz rodziców, wyszczepiono na pożywkę indukującą regenerację roślin (MS + 1mg/l BAP) eksplantaty liścieniowo-hypokotylowe. Po ośmiu tygodniach kultury oceniano masę wytworzonej tkanki kalusowej i zregenerowanych części roślin, liczbę zregenerowanych pędów, długość pędów i liczbę liści na pędach. Obliczenia wykonano programem DGH2 (Kala i in., 1996). Stwierdzono, że regeneracja roślin przebiegała drogą organogenezy pośredniej. Z jednego eksplantatu zregenerowało średnio od 2,8 do 5,8 pędów, najwięcej z mieszańców kombinacji krzyżówkowej linia 4 × linia 13. Najdłuższe były pędy zregenerowane z eksplantatów linii 15 (4,3 cm). Ocena GCA wykazała, że linia 15 zwiększała w mieszańcach długość zregenerowanych pędów, linia 13 zwiększała istotnie liczbę liści na pędzie, natomiast linia 9 zmniejszała masę kalusa i zregenerowanych części rośliny. Odziedzi¬czalność w szerokim sensie i wąskim sensie była bardzo niska — dla długości pędów wynosiła odpowiednio 0,57 i 0,04 oraz dla liczby liści na pędach 0,38 i 0,15. Istotne efekty dominowania wykazano dla długości pędu.
Strategic insights into the cultivation of pancreatic cancer organoids from endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biopsy tissue
Authors: Yang Jia-Li , Zhang Jun-Feng , Gu Jian-You , Gao Mei , Zheng Ming-You , Guo Shi-Xiang , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The frequent suboptimal efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) to culture pancreatic cancer (PC) organoids (PCOs) poses a major challenge in the advancement of personalized medicine for advanced PC.

AIM

To explore how to obtain appropriate puncture tissues from EUS-FNB and optimize the strategy for efficiently constructing PCOs, providing an efficient tool for the advancement of personalized medicine.

METHODS

Patients who underwent EUS-FNB for the diagnosis of PC tissue were prospectively enrolled. We refined the endoscopic biopsy procedures and organoid cultivation techniques. All tissue specimens verified by on-site pathological assessment were cultured in a semi-suspended medium in a microfluidic environment. We assessed differences in PCOs cultured beyond and below five generations examining patient demographics, specimen and organoid attributes, and the sensitivity of organoids to a panel of clinical drugs through cell viability assays.

RESULTS

In this study, 16 patients with PC were recruited, one sample was excluded because onsite cytopathology showed no tumor cells. Successful organoid generation occurred in 93.3% (14 of 15) of the EUS-FNB specimens, with 60% (9 of 15) sustaining over five generations. Among these patients, those with a history of diabetes, familial cancer, or larger tumors exhibited enhanced PCO expandability. The key factors influencing long-term PCOs expansion included initial needle sample quality (P = 0.005), rapid initiation of organoid culture post-isolation (P ≤ 0.001), and high organoid activity (P = 0.031). Drug sensitivity analysis revealed a partial response in two patients following therapeutic intervention and surgery and stable disease in four patients, indicating a moderate correlation between organoid response and clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Optimal initial needle sampling, rapid and precise biopsy sample processing, process isolated samples as soon as possible, and sufficient cellular material are crucial for successful cultivating PCOs. High organoid activity is an important factor in maintaining their long-term expansion, which is essential for shortening the time of drug sensitivity analysis and is the basis of PC research.
Does hemorrhoidal artery embolization really benefit patients with hemorrhoids?
Authors: Lei Miao-Lin , Dong Li-Li , Zhang Hui-Peng , Yu Yan-Bo
Published: October 2024

This letter offers commentary on an article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology . Hemorrhoidal artery embolization is a promising approach to severe hemorrhoidal bleeding treatment, but inappropriate patient selection and the use of different embolization procedures may affect the clinical efficacy and cause serious complications. In this article, the most appropriate candidate patients, embolization materials, embolization methods, and clinical evaluation methods are discussed to improve the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
Endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding for treatment of internal hemorrhoids: A novel outpatient procedure
Authors: Mou An-Na , Wang Yu-Ting
Published: October 2024

In the study, we comment on the article by Qu et al . Internal hemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disorders worldwide with bleeding, prolapse, and difficulty in defecation. Endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) is a safe, convenient, quick, and economical outpatient procedure. The main goal of ERBL is to alleviate prolapse, but the high incidence of recurrence and post-procedural pain are of clinical concern. Polidocanol foam as a local hemostatic and anesthetic agent could reduce the rates of post-procedural pain and bleeding. Endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding (EFSB) is a novel approach that could lift the mucosa for easy ligation and promote increased scarring in the submucosal tissue which translates into long-term relief from prolapse recurrence and reduced 24-h post-procedural pain. The study by Qu et al is a novel multi-center prospective randomized study to compare ERBL and EFSB in patients with grades II and III internal hemorrhoids with one-year follow-up. Results showed that EFSB is a novel therapy for internal hemorrhoids, but future studies with a larger sample, multiple treatment sessions, and long-term follow-up are required to confirm these findings.
Die Rolle des Experimentierens in Mathematik und Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Beumann Sarah , Geisler Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Experimentieren kann den Mathematikunterricht auf vielfältige Weise bereichern – sei es als innermathematisches Experimentieren mit Stift und Papier oder als außermathematisches Experimentieren zur Anregung interessanter Modellierungen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Themenkomplex theoretisch aufgearbeitet.
Study on Match Outcome Prediction in Volleyball based on Text commentary and Monte-calro Simulation
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Kwak Misook , Yoon Sanghoo
Published: October 2024

With advancements in science and technology, a vast amount of data from various media is being generated in the field of sports. Applying statistical methods to extract meaningful information from this data has become essential. This study aimed to predict volleyball match outcomes by performing Monte Carlo simulations based on live text commentary data from the 2023-2024 women's professional volleyball season. By generating the necessary variables for the simulation from the text commentary data and conducting 10,000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulations, the study confirmed that the simulations accurately mirrored actual match outcomes. In particular, when one team demonstrated overwhelming performance, the accuracy of set score predictions was notably high, and the simulation results demonstrated the potential for developing customized strategies. However, limitations were observed in predicting outcomes in specific scenarios, such as when a team with a high total score loses 3-2. To address these limitations, future work should focus on more precisely modeling the complex interactions between various situational and variable factors by converting qualitative factors, which have been challenging to quantify, into objective indicators for integration into the model.
A Study on Accident Causes of Self-Driving Vehicles to Improve Stability
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Kim Geuna , Lee Eunhak , Yeon Kyupil
Published: October 2024

Although the convenience of drivers is maximizing due to the full-fledged self-driving service, complex problems are still emerging in various areas, including legal, ethical, and social aspects. As a result, social awareness and acceptability of self-driving cars have not been sufficiently formed, and efforts to improve stability are essential at this point. Therefore, in this study, only records of accidents while driving autonomously were selected among the accident data of autonomous vehicles provided by California DMV and the causes of accidents were analyzed for about 400 cases. As a result, main causes were verified as low recognition rate of parked vehicles, inability to grasp changes in vehicle size due to attachment of convenience goods, insufficient defense driving system, low recognition speed in special road conditions, etc. To mitigate these problems, it is expected to increase vehicle recognition rate, reconstruct safety area range, devise additional vehicle functionalities for defensive driving, and emphasize the importance of communication between self-driving cars and smart roads. These measures aim to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles and contribute to increasing positive social perception and trust in autonomous driving.
The Effect of Automated Driving Levels and Road Type on Driver’s Performances in Secondary Tasks and Situation Awareness
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Lee Jaesik
Published: October 2024

In this driving simulation study, the effect of different levels of vehicle control requirement manipulated by three levels of automated (fully automated driving condition where no vehicle control is required, partially automated driving condition requiring only lateral control of the vehicle, and fully manual driving condition requiring both longitudinal and lateral control) and the road type (straight road, curved road) on the performances of secondary tasks (arrow direction detection task, working memory search task) and situation awareness task were investigated. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the detection time for the arrow stimulus direction, the search time for information retained in working memory, the response accuracy in the search, and the situation awareness all showed relatively better performance as the level of automated driving increased and under the straight road condition rather than under the curved road condition. Second, in the fully automated driving condition, the arrow direction detection time and situation awareness scores did not show significant differences between the road type condition. The results of this study suggest that as the level of automated driving increases, and thus the level of load for vehicle control decreases, the driver's workload may decrease while situation awareness may increase.
Pengaruh Pencahayaan di Kamar Kos Wisma Serasi Terhadap Perilaku Penghuni
Authors: Alexander Devin , Darmayanti Tessa Eka
Published: October 2024

Pencahayaan berfungsi sebagai penerangan saat berada di dalam bangunan, baik itu kantor, sekolah, ataupun rumah. Jika tidak ada pencahayaan, ruangan menjadi redup ketika siang hari dan gelap ketika malam hari. Hal ini tentu dapat menyulitkan seseorang ketika melakukan aktivitas seperti membaca, bekerja atau bahkan saat berjalan di dalam ruangan. Maka dari itu, pencahayaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang akan mempengaruhi kenyamanan bagi penghuni dalam melakukan aktivitas ketika sedang berada di dalam ruangan tersebut. Aktivitas tersebut meliputi membaca, menulis, memasak, dan lain sebagainya. Pencahayaan merupakan elemen desain yang penting, yang dapat membuat ruangan menjadi liveable atau nampak hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh faktor pencahayaan terhadap perilaku atau aktivitas penghuni kamar kos, meningkatkan kenyaman, menjaga kesehatan, serta meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan energi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara kepada penghuni kamar kos serta melakukan survei secara langsung. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya solusi dari permasalahan pada kamar kos, yaitu dengan menyarankan penghuni untuk menggunakan tirai dengan jenis vertical blind untuk mengontrol cahaya, menjaga privasi, menjaga temperatur ruangan, serta tersedia berbagai desain dan warna. Alternatif berikutnya, yaitu dengan mengatur ulang layout atau letak furniture sehingga sinar matahari tidak mengarah langsung dan membuat kondisi kamar lebih nyaman.
Machine Learning Approach for Classification of Cyber Threats Actors in Web Region
Authors: Edet Anthony , Inyang Saviour , Umoren Imeh , E. Etuk Ubong
Published: October 2024

In the interconnected scape of today's internet, the dark web emerges as a concealed point, covering a myriad of illicit activities that pose substantial cybersecurity risks. This study investigates the attribution of threats within the dark web environment, leveraging on a machine learning approach to bridge the gap between technical indicators and linguistic and behavioral insights. Through a comprehensive methodology involving web crawling and data gathering, a dataset encompassing key variables such as attack motivation, method, web part, and threat actor was gathered. Principal Component Analysis was employed for feature selection, followed by the application of Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and CatBoost algorithms for classification. Performance evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and F1-score were utilized to assess the efficacy of each algorithm. Results indicate a notable prevalence of cybercrimes within the dark web, underscoring the necessity for enhanced cybersecurity strategies tailored to address its unique challenges. Furthermore, the comparative analysis demonstrates varying performance levels among the machine learning algorithms, with Multinomial Naive Bayes exhibiting the highest accuracy. This research contributes to advancing threat attribution techniques in the dark web, ultimately aiming to bolster cybersecurity defenses and mitigate future cyber threats.
Exploring the Application of Machine Learning for Automatic Inbound Email Classification in CRM System at XYZ Company
Authors: Lukman Arif Sanjani  , Bimo Mandala Putra Raden , Laili Yuhana Umi
Published: October 2024

Customer service has become increasingly crucial in today's business landscape, necessitating companies to provide fast, responsive, and personalized assistance to their clientele. However, amidst the challenges posed by surges in email volume, manual categorization and response strategies often lead to performance declines. To address this, we propose a system leveraging Machine Learning techniques for automated email classification. Our evaluation reveals promising results, with SVM achieving the highest accuracy of 96.59%, followed by XGB (96.02%) and RF (95.27%). These models exhibit commendable precision, recall, F1 scores, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), showcasing their effectiveness in improving customer service efficiency and responsiveness. This integration of technology not only enhances operational efficiency but also fosters harmonious customer relationships, ultimately leading to increased loyalty and profitability for companies.