bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land Suitability Analysis for Solid Waste Landfills in Kano Metropolis Using Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Zubair Zubair Lawal
Published: May 2022

Solid waste has become one of the greatest challenges for developing countries to understand how to manage large quantities of waste in a sustainable way. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the most suitable site for solid waste landfills in Kano Metropolis. The objective is to determine the spatial distribution and suitable site for landfills. The integrated data used includes satellite images from Google Earth Pro for the extraction of road networks, and ASTER-GDEM from USGS for elevation and slope generation. Landsat-7 ETM+ image from USGS for land use land cover classification and list of the dumpsite addresses from the Ministry of Environment Kano State and their coordinates from fieldwork. The datasets were integrated into the GIS environment using Multicriteria Evaluation in ArcGIS 10.7. The result reveals that the suitable areas occupied 3708 (ha) of land, that is 1.8% of the study area, moderately suitable with 121203 (ha) of land, that is 28% of the study area, then not suitable with 293031 (ha) of land that is 70.1% of the study area. The study concluded that GIS and remote sensing can factor in and help as a decision support tool. It is recommended for agencies such as the REMASAB to take the response action on the application of the technique in planning for exact areas of landfills.

Les déchets solides sont devenus l’un des plus grands défis pour les pays en développement est de comprendre comment gérer de grandes quantités de déchets de manière durable. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser le site le plus approprié pour les décharges de déchets solides dans la métropole de Kano. L’objectif est de déterminer la répartition spatiale et le site approprié pour les décharges. Les données intégrées utilisées comprennent l’image satellite de Google Earth pro pour l’extraction des réseaux routiers, ASTER-GDEM de l’USGS pour la génération d’élévation et de pente. Image Landsat-7 ETM+ de l’USGS pour la classification de la couverture terrestre et la liste des adresses des décharges du ministère de l’Environnement de l’État de Kano et leurs coordonnées du travail sur le terrain. Les jeux de données ont été intégrés dans l’environnement SIG à l’aide de Multicriteria Evaluation dans ArcGIS 10.7. Le résultat révèle que les zones appropriées occupaient 3708 (ha) de terres, soit 1,8% de la superficie d’étude, modérément appropriées avec 121203 (ha) de terres, soit 28% de la superficie d’étude, puis ne convenaient pas avec 293031 (ha) de terres qui représentent 70,1% de la zone d’étude. L’étude a conclu que les SIG et la télédétection peuvent être pris en compte et aider en tant qu’outil d’aide à la décision. Il est recommandé aux organismes tels que le REMASAB de prendre des mesures d’intervention sur l’application de la technique dans la planification des zones exactes des sites d’enfouissement
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Accounting and Finance Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2022
Authors: Chen Sarah
Published: May 2022

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Accounting and Finance Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2022
Midwife’s interventions to promote positive experiences for female homosexual couples during pregnancy: A scoping review
Authors: Ferreira Elisa P.P. , Fernandes Mariana F.S.F. , Bragança Raquel A.P. , Maceiras Maria
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The emergence of new meanings of the term family and the current connection to heteronormativity mean there should be an investment on the acknowledgement of the LGBT community's needs, with the goal of reaching equality. This article aims to analyze the experience of female homosexual couples overseeing pregnancy, identify the interventions carried out by obstetric nurses, which facilitate the above couples’ transition to parenthood, and identify the difficulties experienced by pregnant women.Methods: Research was carried out by MeSH 2021 Headings, via the following databases Bireme, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed and CINAHL Complete. 352 results were identified, and based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria outlined, five articles were included. When in contact with healthcare professionals, female homosexuals experience heterosexism, meaning homophobia and the expectation of heterosexuality, a lack of support and education, which exacerbates these women's stress levels whilst transitioning to parenthood; this transition will be addressed according to the Transitions Theory of Afaf Meleis.Results: The LGBT community is an important component in the life of a pregnant woman. Healthcare professionals should invest in educating themselves with the objective of evaluating what is required on a social level, reproductive health and the family construct in a way which enhances the therapeutic relationship, also taking into account that the impact of sexual orientation on pregnancy outcomes is unclear.Conclusions: According to the research found, it is crucial that nurses and particularly obstetric nurses improve their communication skills and attitudes, so as to promote a better relationship with these women. It is important that multidisciplinary teams provide continuous education on this topic in order to provide holistic care, free from discrimination or heterosexism.
Temporary Transitions to Online Problem-based Learning: Advice for Tutors and Learners
Authors: Kelly Dervla , Conway Clare , Harney Sarah , McKeague Helena
Published: May 2022

We provide a narrative review of the crucial elements for online Problem Based Learning (PBL) and a reflective overview of factors to consider when temporarily moving to online tutorials, forming a practical guide for educators in the health professions and beyond. We give general set-up advice based on the literature and our own recent experience (tutor and learner observational feedback, departmental meeting notes, newly-developed written resources and performance reports) of transitioning between temporary online PBL and face-to-face PBL but note that the majority of this advice translates easily to many types of virtual, interactive tutorial. We also include contextual evidence and theories from existing literature, with a focus on online PBL facilitation, learning and quality assurance. Despite widespread implementation of online teaching, there remain unanswered questions about whether deep learning occurs. The focus of this reflective paper is to better align online PBL practice with the principles of contextual, active, collaborative and self-directed learning and learning issues to be pursued.
SANAT-SABIR İLİŞKİSİNDE GELENEKSEL EBRÛ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞENEL Asuman , ŞENEL Osman Emir
Published: May 2022

Türk-İslam sanatları arasında zikredilebilecek ve geçmişten günümüze uzanan bir geleneğin ürünü olan halı-kilim, seramik, çini, hüsn-i hat tezhip, minyatür ve ebrû gibi sanatların her biri yapımında sabrı gerektirir. Sabır ayet-i kerimelerde ve hadis-i şeriflerde övülen, insanın manevi tekâmülü için tavsiye edilen bir haslettir. Gündelik hayatın telaşı ve karmaşası arasında sabır, insanoğlunun yavaşlamak veya durmak eylemini bilinçli bir şekilde seçtiği haldir. Sabır, içinde muhabbeti ve umudu yeşerten, yapılması gerekeni yaparak tevekküle sığınılan anda hâsıl olur ki bu hâlin gelenekli sanatlar içindeki en güzel örneklerinden biri de ebrûdur. Toprak ve sudan oluşan ebru, doğası gereği insana yakındır; alçakgönüllü, derviş meşrep bir sanattır ve her adımında insanoğluna sabrı öğretir. Kitrenin hazırlanmasından boyanın ezilmesine, ödün kaynatılmasından fırçanın sarılmasına kadar ebrûnun her aşamasında sabır vardır. Umumiyetle usta çırak ilişkisi ile öğrenilen gelenekli Türk-İslam sanatlarında ustaya, malzemeye ve sanata saygılı, merhametli ve sabırlı olma halinin yansımaları ebrûda da görülmektedir. Aceleciliğin, sabırsızlığın giderek yaygınlaştığı günümüz dünyasında sabrı öğrenmenin en güzel yollarından biri de sanatla meşgul olmaktır ve bu sanatlardan biri de şüphesiz ebrûdur. Çalışmanın amacı; sanat-sabır ilişkisi bağlamında gelenekli Türk-İslam sanatlarından “ebrû”yu tanımak, ebrû-sabır ilişkisini kavramak ve sabır öğreniminde ebrûnun sağlayacağı katkıyı fark etmektir. Çalışma sürecinde literatür taranmış, ebrû uygulamaları yapılmış, bulgular incelenerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Genel Yalnızlık Düzeyi İle İş Yaşamı Yalnızlık Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: PURTAŞ Mevlüt , YİRCİ Ramazan
Published: May 2022

Araştırmanın temel amacı okul yöneticilerinin genel yalnızlık durumu ile iş yaşam yalnızlık durumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çerçevede okul yöneticilerinin genel yalnızlık ve iş yaşamı yalnızlık düzeyleri çeşitli demografik değişkenler açısından da analiz edilecektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yönetmelerinden betimsel ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı Kahramanmaraş merkez ilçelerinde (Dulkadiroğlu, Onikişubat) görev yapan okul yöneticileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 305 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler UCLA Yalnızlık ölçeği, İş yaşamı yalnızlık ölçeği (İYYÖ) ve kişisel bilgi formundan elde edilmiştir. UCLA Yalnızlık ölçeğinden yüksek puan alan bireyler hayatlarında yalnızlık duygusunu yoğun şekilde yaşarken, düşük puan alan bireyler yalnızlık duygusunu düşük düzeyde yaşamaktadır. İYYÖ’den yüksek puan alan bireyler iş yerinde yalnızlık duygusunu yoğun şekilde yaşarken, düşük puan alan bireyler yalnızlık duygusunu düşük düzeyde yaşadıkları söylenebilir. Araştırma soncuna göre okul yönetcilerinin genel yalnızlık düzeyi ile iş yaşamı yalnızlık düzeyi arasında pozitif yönde güçlü bir ilişkinin olduğu, okul yöneticilerinin genel yalnızlıklarının, iş yaşamında yaşanan yalnızlığı yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca okul yöneticilerinin genel yalnızlık ve iş yaşamı yalnızlık düzeylerinin düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Kültürü Sayısal Bir Ağa Dönüştürmek: Türkiye Geleneksel Çocuk Oyunları Dijital Atlası Örneği
Authors: İNEÇ Zekeriya Fatih
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının araştırma becerileriyle Türkiye’deki geleneksel çocuk oyunlarını tespit etmeleri ve bu çerçevede Okul Öncesi ve Sosyal Bilgiler dersleri için kültür aktarımı yapabilen ulusal çocuk oyunları dijital atlası oluşturmaları amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için ADDIE öğretim tasarımı modeline göre geliştirilen Seyyah (İneç, 2012) adlı web haritalama uygulaması Hızlı Prototipleme öğretim tasarımı modeli (HPÖTM) baz alınarak değiştirilmiş ve çoklu ortam ögelerinin yapılandırılabildiği ve paylaşılabildiği geo-medya tabanlı dijital bir Türkiye atlasına dönüştürülmüştür. HPÖTM’ye göre ilk aşamada çalışmanın ihtiyaç ile içerik analizleri yapılmış, ikinci aşamada elde edilen bulgular üzerinden oluşturulan algoritma ile prototip tasarım oluşturulmuştur. Sonraki aşamada prototipin çalışma durumu sınanmıştır. HPÖTM’nin son aşamasında ise çalışma için bir eylem araştırması yürütülmüştür. 2019-2020 akademik yılının bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenen elli sekiz okul öncesi eğitimi lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrenciler araştırma becerisiyle elde ettikleri verileri, yaratıcı drama yöntemiyle kurgulayarak çoklu ortama dönüştürmüş ve bunları Seyyah’a yüklemiştir. Şehirlere göre gerçekleştirilen yüklemeler çalışmanın verisi olarak değerlendirilerek betimsel ve içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular, geleneksel çocuk oyunlarının çoğunlukla; sosyal ve duygusal gelişim alanına hitap ettiğini, arkadaş çevresinden ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinden derlendiğini, altı kişi ile doğal nesnelerle, gündüz ve açık alanlarda oynandığını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Öykülerindeki Karakterlerin ‘Mutlakçı Dil’ Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SÜPHANDAĞI İsmail
Published: May 2022

Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun öyküleri, dolayımı yüksek düzeyde sağlanmış kurgusal temele dayanırlar. Öykülerinde yer alan karakterlerin hemen hepsinin birbirine benzeyen ve benzemeyen biricik yanları titiz ayrımlarla gösterilmiştir. Bu karakterler içinde açık biçimde öne çıkarılanların olduğu söylenebilir. Bunların ortak vasfı ise kesin bilgi ve inanca yaslanmış tavırları sergiler görünmeleridir. En azından insan ilişkilerinde kendilerinin muhtemel bir yanlışlık ve muhataplarının ise muhtemel bir haklılık içinde bulunma durumlarını gözden ırak tuttukları görülür. Büyük ölçüde mutlakçı bir düşünüş biçimine sahip olan karakterlerce, muhatabın muhtemel haklılığı ne bilinç ne de eylem düzeyinde göz önüne alınır. Ağaoğlu’nun birçok öyküsünde, bu gibi tavırları sergileyen karakterler üzerinde bilhassa durulur. “Tenkide arz edilmiş bir teklif” olarak birçok öyküde yer verilen bu tip kişileri “mutlakçı karakter”ler olarak adlandırabiliriz. İster düşünsel bağlamda isterse günlük ilişkiler bağlamında olsun, mutklakçı duyuş ve düşünüş biçiminin, insan yeteneklerinin gün yüzüne çıkmasına, insanın kendini özgür hissetmesine engel teşkil ettiği söylenebilir. Çalışmada, Ağaoğlu’nun öykülerinde mutlakçı duruş sergileyen karakterlerin ortak özellikleri üzerinde durulacak, insanî duyarlılığı örseleyen bu karakterlerin düşünsel anatomileri açık edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Studying the relationship among vaccination for Covid-19, new tests and new deaths in USA: A DCC-EGARCH approach
Authors: Tsiaras Konstantinos , Papanikolaou Anna , Poulios Konstantinos
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the time-varying conditional correlations among new deaths because of covid-19, new tests for covid-19 and new vaccination for covid-19. We apply a trivariate dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) EGARCH model to capture potential contagion effects between the markets for the period 2020-2022. Empirical results reveal contagion. Findings have crucial implications for policymakers who provide regulations for the above derivative markets and for investors, who apply massive strategies to convince the general public to be vaccinated.
SWOT/PESTLE Analysis of the Bodrum Yacht Building Industry
Authors: TURAN Bülent İbrahim , AKMAN Mehmet , TURAN Fuat
Published: May 2022

The yacht building in Bodrum is one of the unique, high value-added, competent, and developing industries in Turkey. The new building, repair & maintenance, and boatyard operations have been carried out in this region for many years. Bodrum Gulets with round and transom sterns and tirhandils produced in high quality have become the brands of Bodrum over the years. In this study, the Bodrum yacht building industry is investigated to determine the number of facilities and their production values within 2011-2021. Then the regional production data is analyzed within the global and local scale yacht building. The strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat factors are determined for the Bodrum yacht building industry within SWOT analysis using the Environment-Value-Resource congruence approach. Then the analyzed factors are clustered and detailed with political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) analysis. Finally, the findings are evaluated to contribute to the strategic decision-making process within the scope of the steps that can be taken for the development of the Bodrum yacht building industry.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PADA IBU GAMPONG MEUNASAH INTAN KECAMATAN KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING
Authors: Anggraini Yayu , Zahara Hafni , Lensoni  , Kala Pasyamei Rembune , Raisah Putri , Murni  , Saifuddin  , Andriaty Syarifah Nora
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of stunting in Aceh Province is 44.6% on a national scale, while the prevalence in Banda Aceh is 38.8%. Given the cause of the incident, it is vital to emphasize that as well. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, immunization status, and family characteristics with the incidence of stunting in infants. A total of 96 samples were collected from the areas of Puskesmas Banda Raya, Batoh, and Meuraxa as part of this quantitative study employing a Case-Control Study design. The analysis of data was performed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval, and multivariately (logistic regression). The results showed that the incidence of stunting in infants was caused by low family income (p = 0.026; OR = 3.1), non-exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.002; OR = 4.2), inadequate complementary feeding (p = 0.007); OR = 3.4), and incomplete immunization (p = 0.040; OR = 3.5).  The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that non-exclusive breastfeeding was a significant contributor to infant stunting in the Banda Aceh region, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.9. Accordingly, stunting in children is linked to a lower family income, breastfeeding that is not exclusive, inadequate complementary nutrition, and insufficient immunization. In contrast, non-exclusive breastfeeding is the major contributing factor for children with stunting.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PADA KADER GAMPONG MEUNASAH INTAN KECAMATAN KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING
Authors: Zahara Hafni , Lensoni  , Kala Pasyamei Rembune , Anggraini Yayu , Murni  , Saifuddin  , Raisah Putri , Riezky Ade Kiki
Published: May 2022

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake for a long time. There are around 8-10 children under the stunting category in Meunasah Intan Village, Aceh Besar District. The actions taken by Integrated Healthcare Center (posyandu) cadres are providing counseling about feeding, motor stimulation, and working together with nutrition workers at the puskesmas. This study uses a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest design. The population is Posyandu cadres, Gampong Meunasah Intan, Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar Regency with 14 cadres. Based on the results of the counseling, it is known that the average level of knowledge of cadres before being given counseling is 9.64 and after being given counseling is 11.50. The level of knowledge of cadres before and after being given counseling experienced a significant increase, namely 0.00 < 0.05. So, it can be concluded that there are differences in the level of knowledge of cadres about stunting prevention before and after being given counseling. This shows that this change is sufficient to improve the knowledge of posyandu cadres about stunting to be used as capital in carrying out monitoring activities for growth and nutritional status at the posyandu, as well as being able to provide counseling to families of children under five who are at risk or experiencing stunting.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF SALES PROMOTION ACTIVITIES BY FUTURE GROUP ON CONSUMERS’ BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Authors:   , SINGH Dr. NAMRATA
Published: May 2022

Every buyer is too differently behaved at the time of their buying due to sales promotion activities. As a real evaluation of the effect of the Sales publicity on buyers behavior remains confused into the marketers/merchants. This research carried out will help in finding out the impaction of the sales promotion activities by Future Group on Consumers’ buying behavior. Present scenario is all about the systematized retailing zones that is a substantial extension in the Economy of Indian. It is one of the largest sectors in India and also attracts the new investors especially from private sector. Currently, the Indian retail sector is fully captured by 12 million retailers. Small retailers run small retail outlets and bigger retailers’ runs large retail outlets vice versa (covered below 50 sq. ft. in sizes) including handcrafts. These stores area unit unfold across the country in over five thousand, cities and six lacs, villages.
Nulidad de la inscripción empresarial / validez de la cotización laboral.
Authors: López Cumbre Lourdes
Published: May 2022

La nulidad de la inscripción no invalida los efectos de la cotización para el trabajador, la entidad gestora puede actuar de oficio porque no se afecta a ningún acto declarativo de derechos en perjuicio del beneficiario y aquélla ha de anticipar la pensión, previa declaración de responsabilidad empresarial en el abono de la misma, toda vez que se aprecian irregularidades ("anomalías") en los actos de encuadramiento y cotización, pero no ausencia de los mismos.

The nullity of the registration does not invalidate the effects of the contribution for the worker, the managing entity can act ex officio because it does not affect any declaration of rights to the detriment of the beneficiary and it has to anticipate the pension, after a declaration of corporate responsibility in the payment of the same, whenever irregularities ("anomalies") are observed in the framing and listings acts, but not absence thereof.
Extinción del contrato de trabajo por voluntad del trabajador, basada en el pago no declarado ante la Seguridad Social y la AEAT de una parte de las retribuciones
Authors: Preciado Domènech Carlos Hugo
Published: May 2022

La sentencia comentada considera que la ocultación documental de una parte del salario y a lo largo de un periodo muy dilatado; el incumplimiento del deber de cotizar a la Seguridad Social con arreglo a lo previsto legalmente; y la obtención de documentos de finiquito firmados pero que no se abonan, son claras manifestaciones de grave incumplimiento de las obligaciones empresariales que da lugar a la extinción por voluntad del trabajador ex art. 50.1c) ET.

The commented judgment considers that the documentary hiding of part of the salary and over a very long period; failure to comply with the duty to contribute to Social Security in accordance with the legal provisions; and obtaining settlement documents signed but not paid are clear manifestations of serious breach of business obligations that leads to termination at the will of the worker ex article 50.1c) ET.
Incapacidad permanente absoluta como consecuencia de las graves lesiones sufridas en el parto: consideración de accidente no laboral y no enfermedad común. Interpretación con perspectiva de género.
Authors: Romero Ródenas María José
Published: May 2022

La STS de 2 de julio de 2020 estima el recurso de la trabajadora al considerar que las lesiones sufridas en el parto que dieron lugar a una Incapacidad Permanente Absoluta son constitutivas de accidente no laboral y no enfermedad común. Los fundamentos jurídicos sustantivos y en perspectiva de género (art. 4 LOI) traen a colación la doctrina judicial contenida en otras SSTS al interpretarse que dichas lesiones producidas en el parto difícilmente encajan en el concepto de enfermedad común, ajustándose con mayor precisión al concepto de accidente no laboral.

The STS of 2 July 2020 admitted the worker's recourse by considering that the injuries suffered in childbirth that gave rise to an Absolute Permanent Disability constitute a non-work accident and not a common illness. The substantive legal bases and the gender perspective (art. 4 LOI) bring up the judicial doctrine contained in other STS, since it is understood that such injuries caused in childbirth hardly fit into the concept of common disease, but more precisely in line with the concept of non-work accident.
Prevalence and Predictors of Resumption Anxiety in Undergraduates: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: CE Agoha Benedict , E Adegboye Oluwaseyi , E Olowookere Elizabeth , O Igbokwe David
Published: May 2022

There exists an enormous amount of literature on anxiety among undergraduates. This study sought to determine the prevalence of resumption anxiety (RANX) among undergraduates. Participants consisted of 400 (186 male and 210 female) undergraduates selected from two Nigerian universities, one privately-owned, and one publicly owned. They ranged between 16 and 25 years in age, X ⃛= 19.5, SD = 1.85. To measure resumption anxiety, the authors developed the Resumption Anxiety Inventory (RAIN), a 46-item, 5-point Likert-Type questionnaire. The BFI-2 (Soto & John, 2017) was used to measure personality. Data analysis, using the SPSS-XXIII, indicated that 42 per cent of the participants reported high resumption anxiety. RAIN score was higher for private university students, but the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, Negative emotionality correlated positively with RAIN score, but Openness and Agreeableness correlated negatively with RAIN. Our data show a high prevalence of resumption anxiety among undergraduates, and that personality is an important determinant of resumption anxiety. Preventive measures for anxiety problems in school, deterioration in mental well-being, and related problems should include regular screening of students for resumption anxiety.
FFTECH: nova indústria fashion e os criptoativos encontram o direito
Authors: Sabatini Lorenza
Published: May 2022

A moda, a tecnologia e o mundo financeiro flertam entre si há alguns anos, porém, foi em 2021, com o boom dos NFTs e os diversos anúncios sobre o lançamento de novos metaversos, que esses três finalmente estreitaram suas relações. A interseção entre a moda digital ou híbrida, as benesses dos criptoativos e das vendas em blockchain e, até mesmo, os grandes projetos de marcas de luxo para a criação de suas próprias moedas, tem demonstrado dia após dia o quanto esses universos se encaixam e, a partir desse momento, passam a precisar de auxílio e proteções específicos. O FFTECH nasce do anseio de abraçar as vertentes que podem auxiliar nas proteções das marcas que desejam atuar nesse universo, trazendo para a discussão áreas de atuação que não andarão mais isoladamente: programacionais, jurídicas e financeiras. Quais são os meus limites? Como me proteger? Como mintar o meu NFT? Moda híbrida ou digital? Smart Contracts? Como negociar? Quais os desafios deste tipo de negócio? Como transmitir isso aos meus consumidores? Estas são algumas das muitas perguntas que serão respondidas ao longo deste livro. O FFTECH traz para o mercado nacional uma visão inovadora, uma visão de futuro, visando preparar as marcas nacionais de forma direcionada aos novos mercados e possibilidades de comércio. Sejam bem-vind@s a um novo começo, sejam bem-vind@s ao FFTECH.
Modelado matemático de un problema de diseño mecánico
Authors: Cortés Silva Hernán Darío
Published: May 2022

Se describe el procedimiento seguido para modelar matemáticamente un problema de diseño mecánico. Casos como este conllevan muchas veces la dificultad intrínseca para el estudiante de ingeniería de relacionar la situación física con la representación matemática. El caso en estudio busca optimizar la posición de los cilindros hidráulicos que accionan el platón de una volqueta, posición que está influida por distintas variables de fuerza, dimensión y posición.
Cavitación en los sistemas de bombeo
Authors: Varela Muñoz Adonay Moisés , Monroy González María Flor Stella
Published: May 2022

Con el presente artículo se quieren dar a conocer los fundamentos relacionados con el fenómeno de cavitación en los sistemas de bombeo aplicados en la industria, para entender por qué el rendimiento de una bomba, las vibraciones en las tuberías y el ruido en el sistema son una consecuencia del anterior fenómeno.
ASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH INCREASED RISK OF RECURRENT MISCARRIAGES DURING ANTENATAL THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE SCREENING
Authors:   Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, Zafar Beenish , Farooq Ayesha ,   Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, Zaigham Naveeda , Anis Roomisa , Shafaqat Ayesha ,   Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Batool Misbah ,   Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Published: May 2022

Objective: The present study was designed to ascertain the association of raised TSH in sub-clinical hypothyroidism with history of miscarriages in pregnant females coming to Al-Nafees Medical College Islamabad, for antenatal care. Material and Methods: This Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Biochemistry, in assistance with Gynecology/ Obstetrics and Pathology department of Al-Nafees Medical College & Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan. In this study random screening of 150 pregnant females for serum TSH levels was done to identify cases of SCH. Females were divided in to three equal groups i.e., 50 females in first, second and third trimester each. We measured serum TSH levels by using ELISA and then observe association of the raised TSH levels with Hx miscarriages. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Statistical methods used to analyze the data included mean ± SD, percentages, ratio, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests Results: The data obtained from this study indicates that 34.7% of females were found positive for SCH in our local population. Trimester wise reference values of TSH as given by ATA guidelines were used for diagnosing cases of SCH. In our study we found a statistically significant association of raised TSH levels with Hx miscarriages as depicted by a significant p-Value ≤ 0.001. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded from our study that there is an increased incidence of miscarriages in SCH positive females in contrast to females with normal TSH levels. Therefore, this finding highlights the role of antenatal TSH screening to avoid maternal and fetal poor outcome i.e., miscarriages associated with raised TSH levels. Key Words: Subclinical hypothyroidism, Serum TSH levels, Obstetrical outcomes, Miscarriages, Trimester specific cut off values for TSH.
ASSOCIATION OF AGE, GENDER, AND PLATELET INDICES WITH BLOOD CULTURES AND ISOLATED BACTERIA IN SEPSIS
Authors:   Regional blood Centre, Islamabad Pakistan, Latif Aamna
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Present study explored the association of sepsis with patients’ age, sex, and platelet indices [Platelet Count (PC), Mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV/PC)] with blood cultures and isolated bacteria. Material and Methods: Adult patients (18-70 years old) with clinically diagnosed “sepsis” and had at least one blood culture and complete blood count performed during January to September 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Data was collected regarding patients' age, sex, platelet indices, blood culture and bacterial profile. Results: In 150 patients (79.3% females and 20.7 % males), Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen (52%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%). Chi-square test failed to reveal any association of gender (χ2 0.33, p 0.6); age (χ2 3.17, p 0.20); PC (χ2 0.1, p 0.9); MPV (χ2 2.36, p 0.30); MPV/PC (χ2 0.02; p 0.9) with blood culture results. No association was found between gender (χ2 0.68, p 0.4); age (χ2 2.99, p 0.84); PC (χ2 0.8, p 0.8); MPV (χ2 0.98, p 0.75); and MPV/PC (χ2 0.27; p 0.6) with isolated bacteria. Binary logistic regression showed that culture results and bacterial profile outcome cannot be predicted based on gender, age, PC, MPV or MPV/PC (p 0.50, 0.95, 0.83, 0.12, 0.84 and p 0.16, 0.12, 0.28, 0.43, 0.39 respectively). Conclusion: The predominant bacteria in our subjects was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Blood culture results and bacterial profile are not associated with and cannot be predicted based on age, gender and platelet indices. Key Words: Blood culture, Mean platelet volume, Pathogens, Platelet count, Sepsis.
COMPARISON OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS AND CELLULOSE ACETATE ELECTROPHORESIS IN DIAGNOSIS OF ΒETA-THALASSEMIA TRAIT
Authors:   Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas, Pakistan, Noureen Aqsa , Ahmed Irfan ,   Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro Pakistan, Faisal Aneela ,   Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas, Pakistan, Ali Sadia , Aslam Faiqa ,   Combined Military Hospital (National University of Medical Sciences) Multan, Pakistan, Chowdhry Altaf Hussain ,   CMH Bahawalpur Medical College, Bahawalpur Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine correlation between mean HbA2 value for screening of β thalassemia trait by capillary electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi's Department of Hematology from September 2017 to February 2018. Consent was taken from all patients or their immediate family members. All confirmed anemic patients with hemoglobin level below the normal limits for age and gender, MCV<75 fL and MCH <25 pg, belongs to either gender, aged 2 to 35 years, presented during the study duration were included. A written questionnaire was utilized to collect the patient information. Results: Total 60 participants fulfilled the selection criteria according to G-Power analysis and included in the study. The mean age of (with age range 2-35 years) participants was 17.7±7.39 years. Majority of 33 (55.0%) participants were male. The mean hemoglobin of all patients was 11.06+_0.71fL and mean corpuscular volume was 67.84±5.87 fL, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin was 20.82±2.16 pg. Among all, 9 (15.0%) patients were diagnosed as β-thalassemia trait. The mean reticulocyte count was significantly higher in patients with β-thalassemia trait (2.5±0.85 vs. 1.99±0.68%). It was significantly higher in individuals with β-thalassemia trait on capillary (5.31±0.74 vs. 2.36±0.60%) and cellulose acetate (5.11±0.49 vs. 2.58±0.28%) electrophoresis. Conclusion: Strong difference between hemoglobin A2 for screening of β thalassemia trait on capillary electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis respective to patient’s age and gender. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is similar to Cellulose Acetate (CA) for consistent extent of Hemoglobin (Hb) elements. Many clinical laboratories can use it to screen for hemoglobinopathies. Key Words: Beta thalassemia, Hemoglobin A2, Capillary electrophoresis, Cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Perencanaan Hutan Kota Irang di Kota Tomohon
Authors: Usuman Andre R. , Karauwan Ferdy A. , Untu Sonny D. , Lengkey Yessie K.
Published: May 2022

Hutan kota memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam peningkatan kualitas lingkungan, dan juga sebagai sebagai penggerak kehidupan sosial dalam masyarakat serta meningkatkan perekonomian kawasan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perencanaan hutan Kota yang tepat terhadap hutan Irang berdasarkan aspek teknis dalam peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No.P 71/Menhut-II/2009. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk survey lapangan untuk mendapatkan informasi atau data. informasi atau data dikumpulkan dari inventarisasi dan survey dengan bantuan titik koordinat dari google earth dan pemetaan lokasi dari sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu luas dan posisi lokasi hutan, struktur vegetasi dan topografi. Selanjutnya informasi atau data tersebut di kaji berdasarkan aspek teknis dalam peraturan menteri nomor 71/menhut-II/2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Hutan Kota Irang memiliki luasan lebih dari 10% dari luas Kota Tomohon, yaitu dengan luasan hutan ±24,9 ha. Kawasan hutan Kota Irang bersifat heterogen karena tidak ada jenis yang mendominasi sampai 90% yang artinya bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman vegetasinya tinggi. Hutan Kota ini memiliki 61 jenis pohon yang berbeda dengan bentuk hutan Kota menyebar. Hutan Kota Irang bertipe rekreasi, pelestarian plasma nutfah dan perlindungan.
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERIOLOGI AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DIDEPOT TOMOHON SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MPN (Most Probable Number)
Authors: Mende Susan Claudia , Tulandi Selvana , Potalangi Nerni O. , Palandi Reky
Published: May 2022

Kebutuhan masyarakat akan air minum yang terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk, tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan air bersih yang ada. Air minum isi ulang adalah salah satu jawaban pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum masyarakat Indonesia yang murah dan praktis. Hal ini yang menjadi alasan mengapa masyarakat memilih air minum isi ulang untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air minum pada depot air minum isi ulang di Tomohon Selatan.

Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah depot air minum yang terdapat Tomohon Selatan, Sulawesi Utara yaitu sebanyak 7 Depot air minum isi ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas fisik air memenuhi syarat yaitu tidak berbau, tidak berasa dan tidak berwarna. Sedangkan hasil penelitian pada kualitas bakteriologisnya tidak memenuhi syarat oleh karena masih terdapat 6 Depot air minum mengandung bakteri coliform  dan mengandung bakteri E.coli.
PERBANYAKAN KRISAN Chrysanthemum indicum L Varietas RIRI MENGGUNAKAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH KINETIN DENGAN TEKNIK KULTUR IN VITRO
Authors: Pendong Sartika , Tilaar Wenny , Tombuku Joke L. , Tumbel Silvana L.
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbanyakan krisan varietas riri dengan variabel yang diamati: waktu terbentuknya tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan panjang akar menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh kinetin. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan perbandingan kinetin pada media: 0 ppm, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1,5 ppm dan 2 ppm.

Eksplan yang digunakan berupa nodus dari kultur steril. Eksplan dikulturkan pada media Murashige and Skoog yang diperkaya dengan zat pengatur tumbuh kinetin. Berdasarkan analisis ragam bahwa terdapat pengaruh kinetin yang berbeda nyata terhadap waktu terbentuknya tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan panjang akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik terdapat pada jumlah tunas. Jumlah tunas terbaik diperloeh pada konsentrasi 1 ppm dengan rata-rata 10,66.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ETINIL ESTRADIOL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN HISTOLOGI UTERUS TIKUS PUTIH Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Tambalean Febrindah E. , Tombuku Joke L. , Datu Olvie S. , Paat Vlagia I.
Published: May 2022

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk merupakan masalah yang mengkhawatirkan sehingga usaha untuk menekan jumlah penduduk dilakukan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi, salah satunya adalah kontrasepsi oral. Salah satu komposisi kontrasepsi oral adalah hormon estrogen, dan yang sering digunakan ialah etinil estradiol. Hormon alami dari etinil estradiol ialah estradiol yang berasal dari ovarium. Pemberian etinil estradiol terhadap uterus menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas dan struktur uterus sehingga perlu dilakukan pengamatan secara langsung untuk melihat perubahan yang terjadi. Pengamatan ini harus dilakukan secara histologi tetapi karena tidak dapat dilakukan pada manusia maka diperlukan hewan uji sebagai model, yaitu hewan uji tikus putih.

            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan histologi efek estrogenik dari etinil estradiol pada uterus tikus putih. Hasil pengamatan pengaruh etinil estradiol secara langsung terhadap uterus tikus putih dapat memberikan informasi serta membantu pengembangan etinil estradiol sebagai kontrasepsi oral.

            Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Dilakukan pembagian 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok 1 adalah tikus tanpa pemberian etinil estradiol dan kelompok 2 adalah tikus dengan pemberian etinil estradiol, dengan jumlah keseluruhan tikus percobaan ialah 8 tikus    Pengaruh pemberian etinil estradiol terhadap uterus terlihat pada setiap fase siklus estrus tikus, walaupun terlihat sangat jelas pada kelenjar uterus di dua fase yakni fase estrus dan diestrus. Dalam pengamatan terlihat tidak ada peningkatan kelenjar uterus pada fase estrus, padahal kelenjar uterus pada fase ini sangat penting untuk pengeluaran zat yang dibutuhkan dalam kelangsungan dan perkembangan embrio, selain itu berfungsi dalam sintesis selaput lendir untuk transportasi sperma. Sedangkan terjadi peningkatan kelenjar uterus pada fase diestrus setelah pemberian etinil estradiol, padahal fase ini adalah fase istirahat tikus dan tidak ada aktivitas kelamin.
Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Umbi Teki (Cyperus rontudus L.) Dan Ekstrak Daun Mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Rambut Kelinci
Authors: Indriyani Sasambe Naka , Paat Vlagia I. , Kanter Jabes W. , Lengkey Yessie K.
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi (Cyperus rontudus L.) dan ekstrak daun mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr) terhadap pertumbuhan bulu kelinci.Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yang masing-masing kelompok dilakukan 3 kali ulangan. Kelompok I kombinasi 70% umbi teki 30% daun mangkokan, kelompok II kombinasi 70% mangkokan 30% umbi teki, kelompok III kombinasi 50% umbi teki 50% daun mangkokan, kelompok IV sebagai kontrol negatif (CMC 1%). Data pertumbuhan rambut dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova dan uji LSD.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pertumbuhan rambut yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan (p < 0,05) dan setelah perlakuan. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan kombinasi. Kesimpulan kombinasi ekstrak umbi teki dan daun mangkokan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan kelinci dan yang paling efektif adalah kombinasi ekstrak 70% umbi teki 30% daun mangkokan.
Analisis Kualitas Udara PLTU Amurang
Authors: Lumakeki Oktavianus , Hariyadi Hariyadi , Tombuku Joke L. , Karauwan Ferdy A. , Montolalu Friska M.
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas udara di wilayah studi PLTU Amurang pada tahun 2014. Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap saat ini merupakan pilihan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi krisis listrik. Tetapi dilain pihak penggunaan batubara sebagai bahan bakar akan menghasilkan bahan pencemar (polutan) yang dapat menimbulkan efek berupa emisi pencemar, emisi yang dihasilkan dapat berupa SO2, NO2, CO, TSP bahkan arsen. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif yang menggambarkan hasil identifikasi senyawa pencemar dan partikulat di udara hasil pembakaran batubara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis Pararosanilin, Saltzman, NDIR, Gravimetri dan ICP-MS.Konsentrasi CO tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi pertama yakni 0,04 µg/Nm3sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada lokasi kedua yakni 0 µg/Nm3, konsentrasi SO2 tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi pertama yakni 0,023 µg/Nm3sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada lokasi kedua dan ketiga yakni 0 µg/Nm3, konsentrasi NO2 tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi ketiga yakni 0,924 µg/Nm3sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada lokasi kedua yakni 0 µg/Nm3, konsentrasi TSP yang tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi ketiga yakni 2,05 µg/m3 sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada lokasi pertama yakni -1,706 µg/m3, Untuk parameter Arsen dalam jaringan tumbuhan didapatkan hasil sebesar 81,13 µg/l.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas udara di PLTU Amurang masih berada dibawah baku mutu udara ambien menurut PP. No. 41 Tahun 1999.
Uji Toksisitas Asam Sulfat Alam Terhadap Ketahanan Hidup Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Dan Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Dalam Media Tertutup
Authors: Hariyadi Hariyadi
Published: May 2022

Tingginya konsentrasi suatu senyawa kimia di lingkungan perairan dapat menyebabkan keracunan terhadap organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Salah satu senyawa kimia yang terdapat di lingkungan perairan adalah Asam Sulfat (H2SO4). Kadarnya yang tinggi di perairan diakibatkan oleh produksi SO2 dari proses pembakaran, kemudian teroksidasi menjadi asam sulfat dalam air.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi asam sulfat terlarut dari perairan Danau Linow serta daya toksisitasnya terhadap respon biologi dua hewan uji yaitu Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) dan Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) disamping pengaruh oksidasi buatan terhadap kadar asam sulfat.

Sampel air dari Danau Linow dianalisis dalam dua parameter yaitu asam sulfat dan hydrogen sulfide. Pengamatan hewan uji meliputi prosentase mortalitas dan respon hewan uji.

Percobaan oksidasi buatan terhadap asam sulfat ditempatkan pada ember plastik dalam keadaan tertutup dengan 10liter air sampel yang berasal dari perairan Danau Linow yang telah diketahui konsentrasinya. Kemudian ditambahkan 200 ml Zn asetat sebagai pengawet H2S. Aerator berkekuatan 150 – 160 Hz / 13,5 Watt.

Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam sulfat yang berasal dari perairan Danau Linow sangat beracun dan memiliki daya tosisitas yang tinggi. Dari kedua hewan uji tersebut ternyata ikan mujair lebih resisten terhadap asam sulfat daripada ikan mas.

Oksidasi buatan menggunakan aerator terhadap asam sulfat yang berasal dari perairan Danau Linow sangat berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar asam sulfat dalam batas titik maksimum perlakuan 12 jam yang kemudian mengalami kenaikan kembali.
Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Infus Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Lengkey Yessie K.
Published: May 2022

Peningkatan angka kejadian DM terutama disebabkan oleh karena peningkatan kemakmuran dari suatu populasi, gaya hidup, dan urbanisasi 1. Faktor yang berperan menimbulkan hiperglikemia mencakup penurunan sekresi hormon insulin, penurunan penggunaan glukosa, dan peningkatan produksi gula. Tanaman yang dipercaya dapat mengobati penyakit diabetes melitus adalah daun sukun.Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih sebagai hewan percobaan dengan menggunakan metode infus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan diberi 3 ekor tikus putih jantan sebagai ulangan dengan dosis yang berfariasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Apa bila hasil pengujiannya signifikan maka dilakukan dengan uji perbandingan untuk melihat perbedaan antara perlakuan dengan menggunakan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) 2.Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, pemberian infus daun sukun (Artokarpus altilis) 12,5%, 25% dan 50% secara signifikan mampu menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus putih dengan konsentrasi yang paling baik adalah dosis 50 %.
EFEKTIFITAS PENDIDIKAN BENCANA TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN EVAKUASI DIRI SAAT GEMPA BUMI SISWA SD ADVENT PARONGPONG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Richard Tande  , Untung Sudharmono
Published: May 2022

Gempa bumi merupakan gejala alam berupa goncangan atau getaran tanah yang timbul akibat terjadinya patahan atau sesar karena aktivitas tektonik. Daerah Parongpong mempunyaii potensi gempa bumi yang mungkin timbul dari pergerakan sesar Lembang sebesar 6,8 Skala Richter. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat efektifitas pendidikan bencana terhadap tingkat pengetahuan evakuasi diri saat gempa bumi siswa SD Advent Parongpong Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian pre experimental one group pretest- posttest. Responden dalam penelitian ini 34 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes yang terdiri dari 10 pertanyaan benar atau salah mengacu pada panduan latihan evakuasi diri dari ruangan saat gempa yang dibuat oleh BNPB. Hasil uji wilcoxon menunjukan p < 0,05 ini mempunyai arti pendidikan bencana efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan siswa SD. Saran agar materi pendidikan bencana dapat diberikan dalam proses belajar di sekolah sebagai suatu langkah mitigasi bencana.