bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERAGE MARRIAGE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN'S PROTECTION
Authors: S Widihartati , Dimyati Khudzaifah , Absori Absori , Azhari Aidul Fitriciada
Published: August 2019

Underage marriage is marriage committed by underage children or adolescents in which it must obtain the permission from the Judges of the Religious Court. This study aims at describing and exploring underage marriage dispensations based on the decision of the religious court judges in the Province of Central Java. This research uses juridical-normative method with qualitative and descriptive research type. The data of this research is secondary data that are related directly to the research object. Technique of collecting data is literature study, i.e. various main and supporting materials related to the problem. Data analysis techniques are processed and discussed using deductive methods. The results of the research indicate that the judges' ruling only concerns with the doctrine of positive law with the aim at obtaining clear legal status. Therefore, their decision does not take into
account the aspects of the future interests of children and women
IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SEMARANG CITY
Authors: Irianto Sigit
Published: August 2019

Research of social responsibility of companies in the city of Semarang is a research about the activities of the company as a partner of the Government and people in building the environment and the society. Implementation of corporate social responsibility attached to the values of the local wisdom. Article 74 of Act Number 40 of 2007 about Limited Liability Company and Government Regulation Number 47 Year 2012 about Social and Environmental Responsibility of Limited Liability Company has been set up corporate social responsibility as a part of the company's activities. The substance of corporate social responsibility is not only in the aspect of physical development, but also the empowerment of local communities. Semarang City Government has been managing corporate social responsibility with the funding through Gardu Kempling Program; this program isan Integrated Movement in Health, Economics, Education, Infrastructure, and Environment. Management of corporate social responsibility is used mostly to assist poverty reduction programs. The process of implementation of corporate social responsibility is accepted by the Semarang Regional Secretariat Cooperation Section. The company's understanding of the basis for the laws governing corporate social responsibility, most informants do not know the exact rules and regulations of governing the provision of corporate social responsibility. The focus of corporate social responsibility is to improve the quality of life until it finally emerged establishment communities to address social problems.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LEGALITY PRINCIPLE IN PENAL LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF JUSTICE
Authors: Wibawa Iskandar
Published: August 2019

The legality principle is an important principle in the enforcement of penal law in addition to the culpability principle. These two principles are a requirement that must be fulfilled by the person to be penalized. However, law enforcement officers in the Criminal Justice System often only pay attention to the formulation of the legality principle in Article 1 (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) than the other principle that is culpability principle. So that court decisions often do not reflect a sense of justice. This is due to the interpretation of the legality principle contained in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) as “lex scripta”, “lex stricta” and “lex certa” and also the unformulated culpability principle in the Criminal Code (KUHP). Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the meaning of the legality principle so that it is not only understood formally, but materially by regarding the living law referred to Pancasila as a groundnorm and constitution of the UUD 1945, the legality principle is not interpreted as a certainty of law but interpreted as the principle of legal certainty. The law is not only interpreted as a written law, but also an unwritten law, so it is expected to bring about a court decision in accordance with the sense of justice.In law enforcement “in abstracto” implemented through formulation policy by penal reform in the formulation of a New Criminal Code (New KUHP), the principle of legality has been interpreted in material term that states that the source of law used by the Criminal Code is written law (Article 1) and unwritten law/ the living law (Article 2), also the culpability principle has been formulated explicitly (Article 38). Based “in abstracto” law enforcement is expected to be implemented “in inconcreto” law enforcement so as to realize court decision in accordance with the sense of community justice.
TOWARDS HARMONIZATION FROM DISPUTE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKERS AND ENTERPRISES THROUGH CASE INSPECTIONS IN THE FAST INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSHIP, FAIR AND CHEAP
Authors: Sejati Hono
Published: August 2019

The problems studied in this research are (1) Why is the examination of PHI case not yet fast, fair and cheap? (2) What are the obstacles in the examination of cases in the IRC that have not been fast, fair and cheap? (3) How is the examination of the case in PHI based on the value of fast, fair and cheap? The research method used sociological juridical approach. Technique of collecting data by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of the study concluded (1) The examination of the case in the IRC has not been fast, fair and cheap due mainly to differences in perception of Lawmakers with the parties. (2) Obstacles to the examination of a PHI case are: filing a lawsuit, longer invitation because the defendant's residence is outside the legal area of the IRC, the defendant has died, the company is not operational, the lack of control of the union administrator, (3) in PHI based on the value of fast, fair and cheap is by consensus consensus
CRIMINAL POLICIES BASED ON RELIGIOUS VALUES IN TACKLING CYBER ADULTERY
Authors: Ismayawati Any
Published: August 2019

Research on crime-based policies of religious values in tackling cyber adultery aims to determine whether cyber adultery can be used as criminal tyindak as well as to know what basis can be used to criminalize cyber adultery. For this research to achieve the desired result, this research uses qualitative research tradition, with constructivism paradigm, with socio legal approach and data analysis using hermeneutic approach method, phenomenology, comparison and policy. The results show that cyber adultery has become a very disturbing problem for society, because the impact of adultery causes disharmony of household, divorce and even moral degradation of the nation. Cyber adultery poses various problems in society, but there is no rule / law that specifically prohibits cyber adultery so difficult to overcome. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that cyber adultery can be made criminal act because it is not in accordance with the collective values embraced by the Indonesian nation and Causes losses matriil and morale for the nation of Indonesia. The foundation that can be used to make cyber adultery as a crime is the religious values that exist in Indonesia
CRIMINAL POLICY IN CHILDREN'S CONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AS A NARCOTIC CRIMINAL ACTION PERSON
Authors: Simangunsong Frans
Published: August 2019

Cases of narcotics abuse are increasing. This is evidenced by the almost
daily press reports from newspapers and electronic media about smuggling, illegal
trade, arrests and detention related to the problem of narcotics abuse. The purpose of
narcotics abuse is a deviant or accidental use of narcotics. So the act violates the law and
is threatened with criminality. Criminal policy in an effort to control children as
perpetrators of narcotics crimes. Threats of imprisonment that can be imposed on
children no later than 1/2 (one half) from the maximum threat of imprisonment for
adults. This means that the criminal threat for children who become narcotics couriers is
half of the criminal threats contained in the Narcotics Law. For children who become
couriers or narcotics brokers, they must be based on the mechanism stipulated in the
Child Protection Act and the Juvenile Justice System Law. Law enforcement for
perpetrators who are still under age, there is a special provision called diversion, namely
the transfer of settlement of child cases from criminal justice processes to processes
outside of criminal justice
ANALYSIS OF RASIOLEGIS OF HONORS AGAINST ETHICS ENFORCEMENT ADVOCATE PROFESSION
Authors: Pramono Dr Agus
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to analyze the legal counselors' advocacy against the enforcement of advocate professional ethics. An advocate Honorary Board as an
institution formed by a functioning Advocate Organization and authorized to oversee the implementation of the Advocate's code of ethics. This is so that every advocate as a profession holder remains in professional values, is responsible and upholds the profession he holds, considering that the Advocate's status as Law Enforcement is one of the instruments in the judicial process which has an equal position with other Law Enforcement. This study uses a normative juridical approach, and secondary data as the main data supported by primary data. The secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively. Based on the analysis revealed that in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Advocates, stated that Peradi was the sole forum for advocacy organizations but with the presence of KAI coupled with divisions in Peradi's body which finally issued a Circular Letter of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 73 KMA / HK.01 / IX / 2015 the application or  xecution of decisions against violations of the code of ethics by advocates is difficult to implement.
Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study
Authors: Esposito Elisabetta , Sguizzato Maddalena , Drechsler Markus , Mariani Paolo , Carducci Federica , Nastruzzi Claudio , Valacchi Giuseppe , Cortesi Rita
Published: August 2019

This investigation is a study of new lipid nanoparticles for cutaneous antioxidant delivery. Several molecules, such as α-tocopherol and retinoic acid, have been shown to improve skin condition and even counteract the effects of exogenous stress factors such as smoking on skin aging. This work describes the design and development of lipid nanoparticles containing antioxidant agents (α-tocopherol or retinoic acid) to protect human skin against pollutants. Namely, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared using different lipids (tristearin, compritol, precirol or suppocire) in the presence or absence of caprylic/capric triglycerides. The formulations were characterized by particle size analysis, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction, encapsulation efficiency, preliminary stability, in vitro cytotoxicity and protection against cigarette smoke. Nanostructured lipid carriers were found to reduce agglomerate formation and provided better dimensional stability, as compared to solid lipid nanoparticles, suggesting their suitability for antioxidant loading. Based on the preformulation study, tristearin-based nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with α-tocopherol were selected for ex vivo studies since they displayed superior physico-chemical properties as compared to the other nanostructured lipid carriers compositions. Human skin explants were treated with α-tocopherol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers and then exposed to cigarette smoke, and the protein levels of the stress-induced enzyme heme oxygenase were analyzed in skin homogenates. Interestingly, it was found that pretreatment with the nanoformulation resulted in significantly reduced heme oxygenase upregulation as compared to control samples, suggesting a protective effect provided by the nanoparticles.
To be or not to be? What molecules say about Runcina brenkoae Thompson, 1980 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Runcinida)
Authors: Araujo Ana Karla , Pola Marta , Malaquias Manuel Antonio E. , Cervera Juan Lucas
Published: August 2019

Runcinids are poorly known minute marine slugs inhabiting intertidal and shallow subtidal rocky shores. Among the European species, Runcina brenkoae, described from the Adriatic Sea in the Mediterranean, has been described to display chromatic variability, placing in question the true identity and geographic distribution of the species. In this paper we investigate the taxonomic status of R. brenkoae based on specimens from the central and western Mediterranean Sea and the southern Iberian coastline of Portugal and Spain, following an integrative approach combining multi-locus molecular phylogenetics based on the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA and the nuclear gene histone H3, together with the study of morpho-anatomical characters investigated by scanning electron microscopy. To aid in species delimitation, the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Bayesian Poisson tree process methods were employed. Our results indicate the existence of a complex of three species previously identified as R. brenkoae, namely two new species here described (R. marcosi n. sp. and R. lusitanica n. sp.) and R. brenkoae proper.
Development of Massive Open Online Courses Based on 3D Computer Graphics and Multimedia
Authors: Khoroshko Leonid Leonidovich , Ukhov Peter A. , Keyno Pavel P.
Published: August 2019

This work is devoted to the creation of a laboratory workshop (virtual) for open online courses based on programs of three-dimensional computer graphics and multimedia. The issues of using SolidWorks, Autodesk® 3DS MAX software in distance learning are discussed. The software was used to prepare training materials for the courses course "Machines and mechanisms theory", "Computer Graphics" and "Engineering and Computer Graphics". Using the software product SolidWorks, Autodesk® 3DS MAX has significantly increased the visibility of the course and develop tools for organizing the independent work of students in an interactive mode.
Learning Engineering with EPS@ISEP: Developing Projects for Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Malheiro Benedita , Silva Manuel Fernando , Ferreira Paulo Duarte , Guedes Pedro Barbosa
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an overview on how the European Project Semester capstone programme offered by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (EPS@ISEP) fosters learning by challenging engineering, business and product development undergraduates to address sustainability issues afflicting cities and communities nowadays. This will be done by analysing the reports and the learning journey of three multicultural and multidisciplinary EPS@ISEP teams during the design, development and test of a smart billboard, a self-oriented solar mirror and a level monitoring system for waste oil bins. These three projects were conducted within EPS@ISEP, a project-based learning framework dedicated to the development of key engineering skills, namely multidisciplinary teamwork, inter-cultural communication, ethical and sustainability-oriented problem-solving. The involved students contributed, not only, to make cities more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, one of UNESCO’s sustainable development goals, but learnt and practiced together sustainability-driven design, while searching for an innovative solution for a smart city problem. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the content the three project reports.
Implementing Student-Created Video in Engineering: An Active Learning Approach for Exam Preparedness
Authors: Campbell Laurie O , Heller Samantha , DeMara Ronald F
Published: August 2019

In this case study, an active learning approach to exam preparation in engineering was investigated. The Learner Video Thumbnailing (LVT) strategy incorporated video blogs (vlogs) to reinforce course content. In this innovative method, students voluntarily choose one of two roles as either the role of a spectator (watching the vlogs) n=69 or the role of a vlogger (creating the vlogs) n=8 to earn extra credit on a formative exam. Data collected in this study included the vlogs, scores on the achievement questions, and a post-interview of the vloggers. Differences in video development by gender were identified. The use of the LVT approach promoted improved achievement and student engagement.
Teachers’ Attitudes to Incorporation Digital Means in Teaching Process in Relation to the Subjects they Teach
Authors: Záhorec Ján , Nagyová Adriana , Hašková Alena
Published: August 2019

The paper presents some of the empirical results of the research focused on iden-tification of the ways the primary and secondary school teachers use interactive educational activities and digital means in their teaching practice in dependence on the subjects they teach. The main research question was whether the ways of the use of interactive educational activities and digital means are the same for all teachers, independently on the character of the subject they teach, or whether it depends on the taught subject. As the results have showed, the purposes signifi-cantly differ in dependence on the character of the taught subjects. In the paper, in more detail results for teaching natural science subjects and foreign languages are discussed.
Development of an Instructional Design Model for Mobile Blended Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Suartama I Kadek , Setyosari Punaji , Sulthoni Sulthoni , Ulfa Saida
Published: August 2019

The development of information and communication technology has brought a surprise and revolutionary challenge to the idea and practice of traditional education. Mobile internet technology has become the main promoter and accelerator to apply the concept of mobile learning. Mobile technology offers new opportunities to integrate face-to-face learning and online learning methods. We see a tendency to use blended learning scenarios by combining various forms of learning and integrating a variety of ways to access content using mobile technology. The objective of this study is to develop a mobile blended learning design that can systematically guide the instructor or lecturer in the lecturing processes. By combining the ideas of mobile learning and blended learning, mobile blended learning design has been developed. Implementing research and development (R&D) method, the mobile blended learning design has been constructed through designing process and validation by experts. This instructional design has feasibility to use in learning; therefore, it effectively increases the popularity of mobile blended learning
From Learning Game to Adaptive Ubiquitous Game Based Learning
Authors: Bennis Lamyae , Amali Said
Published: August 2019

Mobile Learning (also known as m-learning) and game based learning (GBL) are two important elements in Technology-Enhanced Learning. By using mobile technology and benefiting from their features we can provide a pervasive learning without being restricted by time and space (Learning anywhere and anytime). GBL over the last decade has played an important role in increasing the motivation of the learner player through the integration of gamification into the learner’s learning process. The combination of the two elements gave birth to a new concept of educational system called Ubiquitous Learning Game (ULG). Mobile technologies are very diverse and market demands push the continued development of new technologies and features that present a big challenge in time and development costs. On the other hand creating a nice game for different player profiles requires the addition of the learner’s model in the design phase of the game. In this sense the main aim of this paper is to present the new architecture of the

 educational adventure games authoring tool and its implementation by addressing the different challenges already cited in order to generate an adaptive ULG for multiples mobile platforms.
An Improved Back-Propagation Neural Network for the Prediction of College Students’ English Performance
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: August 2019

The global economic boom has greatly boosted the need for communication be-tween different cultures and difference countries. The effective communication requires good command of foreign languages, especially English. This paper highlights the necessity to predict the English performance of college students, and sums up the types and features of neural network (NN) models. On this ba-sis, the backpropagation (BP) NN was selected to predict the English perfor-mance of college students. The Spearman’s R correlation test was conducted to analyze how the English performance is affected by the following factors: the score in National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), gender, age and learn-ing attitude. Then, the improved BPNN was adopted to predict the English per-formance of college students. The results show that the NCEE score has the greatest impact on English performance, followed in descending order by learn-ing attitude and gender, while age does not greatly affect English scores; the im-proved BPNN achieved a desirable effect in predicting the English performance of college students. The research findings shed new lights on college English teachers and learners.
Catechol-Bearing Hyaluronic Acid Coated Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Hydroxyl Propyl-β-Cyclodextrin/Clotrimazole Nanofibers for Oral Candidiasis Treatment
Authors: Pornpitchanarong Chaiyakarn , Singpanna Kanokwan , Rojanarata Theerasak , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Patrojanasophon Prasopchai
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to develop clotrimazole (CT)-loaded mucoadhesive nanofiber patches for oral candidiasis. The three-layered sandwich-like nanofiber patches were prepared by electrospinning technique. The spinning solution for the middle layer composed of 8 %wt polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 90 mM hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and 10 % (wt to polymer) of CT in a solvent mixture of ethanol:water:benzyl alcohol. The outer layers were fabricated from a mixture of 1 %wt hyaluronic acid (HA) or catechol bearing hyaluronic acid (HA-cat) and 10 %wt polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at varied weight ratios. The thickness of the outer layers was varied by adjusting the volume of coating polymer solution ranging from 1 to 3 mL. Desirable smooth nanosized fibers were obtained from the electrospinning process. Increasing the thickness of the outer layer brought about a significant increase in the fiber strength and flexibility. The viscosity of HA-cat/mucin mixture showed good polymer-mucin interaction indicating higher mucoadhesive property of the nanofibers. The drug loading capacity (LC) displayed the potential of the nanofibers for drug encapsulation. The highest LC value of 123.80 ± 5.61 μg/mg was obtained from the nanofibers coated with 1 mL of the coating solution. CT was rapidly released from the nanofiber in the first hour followed by a steady release. The released amount reach above 80% in 2 h. The nanofibers provided superior antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to CT powder. Moreover, they were found to be nontoxic to the human gingival fibroblast cells. Thus, the sandwich nanofibers may be further developed to be a potential candidate for oral candidiasis treatment in the near future.
Design of Caffeine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Coconut Oil for Topical Application
Authors: Manchun Somkamol , Soradech Sitthiphong , Kingkaew Krongkan , Sobharaksha Parapat , Sriamornsak Pornsak , Tubtimted Sirinan
Published: August 2019

Although caffeine was suggested as one of the pharmacological agents for the cellulite treatment, its skin permeation restricted. The present work was aimed at formulating caffeine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (CAF-NLCs) containing coconut oil as a topical delivery system. CAF-NLCs were prepared by the ultrasonic emulsification method, using coconut oil as a liquid lipid. The proper selection of solid lipid and surfactants for these formulations were investigated. Subsequently, physicochemical properties, entrapment efficacy, stability, and in vitro drug release were evaluated. The CAF-NLCs containing coconut oil was successfully prepared using glyceryl behenate as a solid lipid and showed an interesting entrapment efficiency (62-99%). The obtained CAF-NLCs presented the nanosized range (≈ 60-390 nm), with a low polydispersity index and high negative zeta potential values (over ‐30 mV). However, the type and concentration of surfactant also affected these properties. These results suggested that CAF-NLCs containing coconut oil are the promising carrier for delivery of caffeine following topical application.
Mixed Solvent-Lauric Acid Solvent-Exchange Induced In Situ Forming Gel
Authors: Chantadee Takorn , Santimaleeworagun Wichai , Phorom Yaowaruk , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: August 2019

Designing lauric acid (L) solvent-exchange induced in situ forming gel (ISG) was conducted in this study by using mixed solvents (N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), 2-pyrrolidone (PYR) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different ratios. The pH, density, viscosity, matrix formation, contact angle/surface tension and antimicrobial activities of 50% w/w L in mixed solvents were determined. The pH and density of solvent decreased apparently with L addition. More amount of PYR in the solvent mixture increased the density and viscosity. High viscous manner of PYR resulted in the high surface tension and contact angle. The solvent mixture of NMP/PYR promoted a higher contact angle than the other mixed solvent systems. L in DMSO, PYR or solvent mixture with high ratio of DMSO or PYR transformed into matrix-like rapidly while those in NMP or high ratio of NMP had slower matrix formation after exposure to aqueous fluid. NMP and PYR showed antimicrobial activities effectively against all test microbes while L matrix retarded their activities. The mixed solvent concept is interesting to use for designing ISG comprising L as matrix former to prolong the drug release.
Application of Simplex Lattice Design in Formulation Development of Lozenges Containing Vernonia cinerea Extract for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Monton Chaowalit , Sangprapai Thanaporn , Mekwimonmas Narathip , Sawangsang Tinnapas , Chankana Natawat , Luprasong Chitradee
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work was to apply the simplex lattice design in the formulation development of lozenges containing Vernonia cinerea extract. The different ratios of three diluents; milk powder, xylitol, and inulin were investigated. The preformulation parameters of powder mixtures were evaluated. The compressed lozenges were evaluated for their weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Results showed that the ratios of the three diluents affected the preformulation parameters. The angle of repose data revealed that all 12 powder mixtures had excellent flow property. The formulation containing milk powder had the highest values of Carr’s index and Hausner ratio, indicating the poor compressibility. While formulation containing inulin had the best compressibility. A formulation containing xylitol had the lowest moisture content. The compressed lozenges had a weight variation of less than 5%, a diameter of 1.5 mm, a thickness of 5-6 mm, and a hardness of 2-12 kP. The 8 of 12 formulations had friability of less than 1%. Use of milk powder provided the longest disintegration time. The desired properties of developed lozenge achieved when the medium amount of xylitol and inulin and low amount of milk powder were used. The optimal diluent ratio providing the weight variation not more than 5%, the hardness of 5-8 kP, friability not more than 1%, and disintegration time not more than 30 min was an equal weight ratio of milk powder, xylitol, and inulin.
Effect of Formulations and Spray Drying Process Conditions on Physical Properties of Resveratrol Spray-Dried Emulsions
Authors: Benjasirimongkol Pontip , Piriyaprasarth Suchada , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: August 2019

Spray-dried emulsion is one of the useful strategies to enhance dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drug for example resveratrol. Physical properties i.e. particle size and moisture content of spray-dried emulsions could affect their quality attributes. In this study, Box-Behnken design was performed in order to determine effect of formulation and spray drying condition parameters i.e. feed rate on responses including particle size and moisture content of resveratrol spray-dried emulsions. The spray-dried emulsions were prepared by varying content of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) and caprylic/capric glycerides (CCG) and sprayed at different feed rate. Box-Behnken design results reveled that the particle size of spray-dried emulsions was significantly influenced by the content of LMP, interactions between LMP and CCG, interactions between LMP and feed rate. LMP content showed positive relationships with the particle size. The content of CCG had negative significantly effect on moisture content of the spray-dried emulsion. Mathematical models describing the relationships between studied parameters and responses provided good predictability. Based on model, the optimal formulation was prepared using 2.6% w/w of LMP, 9% w/w of CCG, and feed rate of 6.8 mL/min and the small particle size (~5.9 μm) and low moisture content (~5.6%) were obtained. The spray-dried emulsions were successfully prepared with satisfy quality. The Box-Behnken design would be an effective tool to elucidate influence of formulation and spray drying conditions on particle size and moisture content of the spray-dried emulsions. Further, the design aided in developing and optimizing the spray-dried emulsions with specified quality.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Hydrophilic Drug-Loaded Microparticles through Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors: Sutthapitaksakul Lalinthip , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters on the characteristics of microparticles using double emulsion solvent evaporation method for encapsulation of hydrophilic drug. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was selected as a model hydrophilic drug. Prior to conducting an experiment, the target particle size of microparticles was set at approximately 200 μm. The investigated process parameters include pH of outer water phase, stirring time, polymer amount, and volume of outer water phase. The results showed that DPH-loaded microparticles was successfully prepared in two steps. In the first step, the primary emulsion was prepared by dissolving DPH in distilled water before emulsifying in dichloromethane (DCM) containing different amounts of poly(butylmethacrylate-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate-co-methyl-methacrylate) (PBM-DM-MM) using ultrasonic probe. In the second step, the primary emulsion was emulsified in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution by overhead stirrer to prepare double emulsion. After solvent evaporation, the microparticles were collected by centrifugation and washed with distilled water. Based on the statistical analysis, stirring time, polymer amount and volume of outer water phase were the main significant parameters influencing particle size of microparticles.
Mechanical Properties of Pectin/Eudragit Blend Films
Authors: Sampaopan Yupaporn , Suksaeree Jirapornchai
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to prepare the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit® polymer blends using glycerine as a plasticizer and to study the mechanical properties of these films. The mixing of polymer mixture was carried out using distilled water as a solvent throughout the experiment. The polymer mixture was poured into Petri dish and transferred to hot air oven for solvent evaporation. The maximum positive force and percentage of elongation at break were found at the range of 63.58-409.94 g and 74.92-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® RL 30D polymer blends, 87.12-409.94 g and 74.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® RS 30D polymer blends, 76.50-409.94 g and 72.68-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® NM 30D polymer blends, and 137.12-409.94 g and 44.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® NE 40D polymer blends. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the pectin film decreased with inclusion of various types of Eudragit® (p < 0.05). However, it was found that the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit® polymer blends has high potential to be used in pharmaceutical applications. Further investigation related to the incorporation of drugs or herbal extracts and the in vitro evaluation are recommended.
Evaluation of Thermally Crosslinked Poly(Acrylic Acid-Co-Maleic Acid) (PAMA)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Microneedle Arrays
Authors: Aung Nway Nway , Myat Yin Yin , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Rojanarata Theerasak , Patrojanasophon Prasopchai , Opanasopit Praneet , Pamornpathomkul Boonnada
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the optimal conditions for crosslinked of PAMA/PVA microneedle (MN) arrays. Poly (acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAMA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) MN arrays were fabricated for the first time using the micromolding technique. The PAMA/PVA MN arrays at the polymer ratio of 1:4 were sharp, homogenous and perfectly formed with an elegant appearance. The successfully crosslinking MN arrays were determined using FTIR and water insolubilization. The results showed that increasing the crosslinking temperature and time, the degree of crosslinking also improved, which results in a decline in water uptake. The optimal crosslinking condition for PAMA/PVA MN arrays was 130°C for 1 h. Moreover, the highest swelling was observed from crosslinked PAMA/PVA MN arrays at 90°C for 0.5 h. These studies suggest that the combination of PAMA and PVA for fabrication of MN arrays could have a great potential to develop both hydrogel and dissolving MN devices for transdermal drug delivery.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hydrogels Containing Tamarind Seed Husk Extracts against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Baisaeng Nuttakorn , Klayraung Srikanjana
Published: August 2019

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is one of skin bacteria that induce acne comedone formation. Previous studies reported that P. acnes was susceptible to alcoholic seed husk extract of Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica), no studies have been reported about the susceptibility of water extract from tamarind seed husk to P. acnes. Therefore, the objectives of this investigation were to explore the antibacterial activity of water and ethanolic seed husk extracts from T. indica (wTSH and eTSH) against P. acnes and to compare antibacterial activity of hydrogels containing wTSH and eTSH extracts against P. acnes. wTSH and eTSH extracts were reddish brown powder, and oligomeric proanthocyanidin was identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography as the main ingredient in the extracts. wTSH and eTSH extracts showed the average of total phenolic compounds of 408.3±0.01 and 385.5±0.02 mg GAE/g and exhibited very strong free radical scavenging ability by DPPH assay with IC50 value of 19.6±0.2 µg/ml and 18.8±0.2 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, wTSH and eTSH extracts showed good activity against P. acnes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of wTSH and eTSH extracts was 500 and 250 µg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of both extracts was 500 µg/ml. In conclusion, the hydrogels which composed of 0.1% wTSH or eTSH extracts, 2% HPMC, 15% glycerin and 1% paraben concentrate, exhibited weak acid with pH 5±2, good physical stability, i.e. good spreadability with pseudoplastic flow, and also exhibited noticeable anti P. acnes activity in fluorescent resazurin assay after storage in the accelerated conditions for 3 months.
Characteristic Assessment of the Polymeric Films Used for Hair Gel Products in Thailand
Authors: Taokaew Siriporn , Phonsee Saowalak , Woravut Nisanart , Pitaksutepong Tasana , Kriangkrai Worawut
Published: August 2019

The market of hair gel products in Thailand steadily grows with the changing trend of fashion every year. The main component of the hair gel products is the fixative polymer, which plays a role in hair styling properties including stiffness and curl retention. Properties of the hair styling product depending on hair types and climates must be suitably improved for Thai hair. In this study, 10 %w/w gel solutions of polyacrylic acid, polyquaternium-86, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), acrylates copolymer, and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) copolymers were cast as polymeric thin films. The film properties such as mechanical properties, wettability, and crystallinity were characterized afterwards. As a result, the highest puncture strength of 2.2 N/mm2 was found from PVP-K90 film (500-700 μm thick). Whereas, VP/vinyl acetate (VA) copolymer film was the most flexible with 42.5% elongation. For water contact angle analysis, it was noticed that VP copolymers had the angle of ~50o indicating the moderate wettability. The x-ray patterns of raw materials, polymeric films, and humidified films were varied especially for PVP-K30. Morphologies of the Thai hair samples coated with the fixative polymers were visualized through SEM. After storing coated hair samples in the humidified atmosphere (95±2% Relative humidity), acrylates copolymer, VP/Methacrylamide/Vinyl Imidazole copolymer, and VP/VA copolymer appeared the humidity resistance suitable for Thai hair styling gel.
Development and Testing of an Electronic Multidisciplinary Rounding Tool
Authors: Gunter Elizabeth P. , Viswanathan Meera , Stutzman Sonja E. , Olson DaiWai M. , Aiyagari Venkatesh
Published: August 2019

Patients hospitalized with neurologic and medical issues in the neuroscience critical care unit have widely varying and complex disease states that can change rapidly. The large amount of data that must be reviewed regularly by medical staff members presents a challenge to the provision of high-quality care to these patients. In an effort to lessen the burden, the authors’ team implemented an electronic multidisciplinary rounding tool, which facilitates team communication by allowing accurate and concise review of patient information. The rounding tool is part of an ongoing quality improvement project and has been in use for 4 years. Nurses have reported that the tool provides a comprehensive summary of the patient’s hospital stay that facilitates handoff during shift changes. A survey of nursing staff members demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with the tool during both multidisciplinary rounds and handoffs.
Atti Sociali
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: August 2019

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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF HAEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: A MULTICENTRE ITALIAN SURVEY
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Visintini Chiara , Venturini Margherita , Gargiulo Gianpaolo , Botti Stefano
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Background: Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a severe complication occurring after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 13-40% of patients, caused by infectious and/or non-infectious factors that increases the in-hospital length of stay and the risk of mortality of transplanted recipients. Although different management interventions have been suggested in literature, available knowledge on interventions performed by Italian nurses in their daily practices has not been documented to date.Aim of the study: The objective of this study is to describe HC preventive and treatment interventions in patients undergoing HSCT as performed by Italian nurses in their daily practice.Material and methods: A multicentre survey was conducted in 2018 inviting all 110 Italian HSCT centres belonging to the Italian Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (GITMO). Data collection was performed with an online questionnaire submitted to GITMO reference nurses working in each HSCT centre. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results: A total of 38 Italian centres participated. The preventive intervention most applied in daily care was the mesna administration (n=37; 97.4%), followed by intravenous hyperhydration (n=33; 86.8%) and forced diuresis with furosemide (n=24; 63.1%). Preventive continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) was performed in 13 centres (34.2%). Transfusions of blood products (n=32; 84.2%), CBI (n=31; 81.6%) and intravenous hydration (n=28; 73.7%) were the most applied treatments, beyond the administration of analgesics (n=38; 100.0%) and antispasmodics (n=26; 68.4%).Conclusion: There is no gold standard for the prevention and treatment of HC in patients undergoing HSCT, although interventions applied by nurses agree with the literature. There is a need for methodological studies of higher quality, multicentre and prospective, that should focus even on nurses and supportive measures.
SEROLOGICAL CHANGES AGAINST HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Authors: Han Seung Beom , Shin Hye Jo , Lee Eui Soo , Lee Jae Wook , Chung Nack-Gyun , Cho Bin , Kang Jin Han
Published: August 2019

Background: Vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) after chemotherapy among pediatric patients with acute leukemia is still a debated issue. We investigated HBV immunity before and after chemotherapy and assessed immune response to re-vaccination after chemotherapy.

 Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed data of children and adolescents aged <19 years requested for vaccination after chemotherapy for acute leukemia to evaluate hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) status before and after chemotherapy and to identify factors related to HBsAb positivity after chemotherapy.

Results:  Of 89 enrolled patients, 61 (68.5%) with acute leukemia were HBsAb positive before chemotherapy. Of these 61 patients, 48 (78.7%) seroconverted to HBsAb negative status after chemotherapy; there were 76 (85.4%) HBsAb negative patients after chemotherapy. HBsAb positive patients when compared to HBsAb negative patients after chemotherapy had a significantly higher HBsAb positive rate (100.0% vs. 63.2%, p=0.008) before chemotherapy. Following HBsAb testing after one dose of the HBV vaccination, 33 (43.4%) of the 76 HBsAb negative patients seroconverted to a HBsAb positive status. HBsAb positive patients after a single dose of HBV vaccination had a significantly higher HBsAb positive rate at the time of diagnosis compared to HBsAb negative patients (84.8% vs. 48.8%, p=0.001).

Conclusions:  Based on these results, HBV re-vaccination after chemotherapy is recommended for all children and adolescents with acute leukemia. In addition, further investigation is required to improve the immunogenicity of HBV re-vaccination.

 

Keywords: Acute Leukemia; Chemotherapy; Hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis B virus; Child.
Response to Interferon-Free Direct Antivirals (DAAS) Treatment in HCV-Related Subcutaneous Lipoma-Like Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: De Luca Maria Lucia , Lombardi Laura , Tartaglia Germana , Fazio Francesca , Di Prima Alessio , Cesini Laura , Serrao Alessandra , Canichella Martina , Pulsoni Alessandro
Published: August 2019

In 2010 a new entity termed “lipoma-like” HCV related marginal zone B-NHL was described. The etiological link between HCV infection and B-NHL has been extensively investigated in several epidemiological, biological and therapeutic studies and large experiences in literature demonstrated indolent lymphoma’s regression after antiviral therapy. HCV-related indolent NHL response to interferon-ribavirin-based antiviral therapy is well documented, while evidence of the efficacy of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in this subset of lymphoma is also currently increasing. In this article we report two cases of HCV-related subcutaneous “lipoma-like” Marginal Zone B-cell lymphoma, treated with DAAs. Sustained virological response (SVR) with reduction of MZL localizations, persisting to date, were obtained in both patients. These data originally demonstrate the efficacy of DAAs in this rare entity.
Response to ibrutinib of a refractory IgA lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma carrying the MYD88 L265P gene mutation
Authors: Quaglia Francesca Maria , Rigolin Gian Matteo , Saccenti Elena , Negrini Massimo , Volta Eleonora , Dabusti Melissa , Ciccone Maria , Urso Antonio , Laudisi Michele , Cuneo Antonio
Published: August 2019

In 2014 a 66 year-old woman presented with anemia and an IgAk monoclonal spike. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy showed 80% lymphocytes and lymphoplasmacytoid cells. Computed Tomography (CT) scan documented neither adenopathy nor splenomegaly. Diagnosis of IgA lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma was made. After three lines of treatment, progressive disease with adenopathies, splenomegaly and ascites were documented on a CT scan. Our patient developed thrombocytopenia, transfusion-dependent anemia and clinical deterioration. We performed genetic studies of peripheral blood lymphoctyes with NGS approach. Given the identification of MYD88 L265P mutation, in February 2018 our patient started ibrutinib. Hb and PLT improved from day +35. In July 2018 no ascites and 50% reduction of adenopathies and spleen were shown on a CT scan. In April 2019 the patient was still on ibrutinib with transfusion independence and good performance status.
Textural, mineralogical, lithogeochemical and lead and thallium isotopic characterization of magmatic rocks in Selwyn Basin, Yukon: potential spatial and temporal linkages with lead-zinc mineralisation
Authors: Scanlan E J , Leybourne M I , Layton-Matthews D , Voinot A , Van Wagoner N A
Published: August 2019

Alkaline to subalkaline magmatic rocks in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon may provide evidence of a genetic link to clastic sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the Anvil and MacMillan Pass districts. To examine if such a link is present, we document the petrography,
lithogeochemical, and thallium isotopic compositions of magmatic rocks in these regions. Anvil District volcanic rocks are interpreted as basaltic effusive eruptions and phreatomagmatic surge and/or fall deposits, whereas samples from the MacMillan Pass district were emplaced by explosive eruptive
activity. The MacMillan Pass samples contain large amounts of ankerite and calcite. Earn Group metavolcanic rocks from the Keno Hill area have few primary textures to identify eruption dynamics. This group is crosscut by a series of Triassic mafic dikes that exhibit little alteration or deformation.
Samples of Marmot Volcanics from the Misty Creek Embayment are effusive basalts. Magmatism is alkaline in all regions except for Keno Hill, where both the Earn Group metavolcanic rocks and Triassic dikes are subalkaline. Six samples from the MacMillan Pass District have epsilon-205Tl values of -3.2
± 1.8 to -14.2 ± 3.2. Five samples from the Anvil District have epsilon-205Tl values of 0.9 ± 1.9 to -6.4 ± 1.2. These preliminary data will be supplemented with additional analyses of mineralised horizons and host shales to investigate the link between high Ba and Tl contents in
both the volcanic rocks and SEDEX deposits. Future work will constrain age relationships between mineralized samples and volcanism, use Pb, Sr and Nd to constrain magma sources and use Tl, Mo and potentially Ba isotopes to examine the link between mineralisation and
magmatism.