bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of fall
Authors:   , Adeniran Anthony A. , Rundio Al
Published: July 2021

Background: Community-dwelling older adults' falls represent a significant public health problem, and prevention is an important step to reducing healthcare costs and improving older adult's quality of life. According to Kochera (2002), 78% of all injuries that occurred from elderly falls happened in the community. Despite the fact that community-dwelling older adults have a higher risk for falls, there is less focus on fall prevention for this group. With the shift in the models of healthcare delivery from institutional to community settings; it is imperative that clinicians begin to understand fall prevention from the views of community-dwelling older adults. This project explored the perspectives of fall experience from five community-dwelling older adults to gain in-depth understanding of their views and experiences. Methods: This qualitative descriptive project utilized face-to-face semi-structured interview with probes to explore the views of five community-dwelling older adults who have experienced a fall within the last 12 months. A six-phase process of thematic analysis was used to guide data analysis and generation. Results: 31 codes that were collated into seven themes described participants' perceived etiology of falls and the implication for perceived quality of life following their fall experiences. Strength and Limitations: This project provides additional information that can be shared with clinicians in community settings to continue the dialogue and strengthen fall prevention and reduction strategies for community-dwelling older adults, finding should be interpreted in light of the small sample size. Significance and Implications: The study confirmed some existing evidence on the etiologies of community-dwelling older adult's falls and perceived quality of life about their experience of falls. It also offers new information about community-dwelling older adult's perception of the causes of their falls along with their perceived quality of life.
Improving Patient Safety and Nursing Care Utilizing Safe Patient Handling Devices
Authors:   , Evans Ellena A. , Rundio Al
Published: July 2021

Injury to patients and nurses who utilize manual lifting and transfer techniques is a significant problem in today's healthcare environment. Nurses suffer injuries from manual patient handling, which can lead to career limiting/ending injuries for nurses. The purpose of this project was to gain a better understanding of the front line nurse experience in the clinical setting today and determine what leads them to utilize workarounds in the care of the patient. The goals were to identify best practice evidence through research and use the evidence to improve the utilization of safe patient handling (SPH) equipment and devices. Establish a culture that embraces the use of the SPH program. Reduce injuries to patients and clinicians through elimination of manual handling techniques. The objectives were to use nursing focus groups, structured observations and a questionnaire to determine what change was needed to decrease injuries and increase utilization of the SPH program, review systems and processes that hinder a safe working environment and discover the complexities nurses face in patient care setting. Thereby gaining a better understanding of nursing knowledge levels and knowledge deficits that prohibit appropriate SPH equipment use and identification of obstacles that prohibit lifting and transferring patients safely. Evaluation methods included equipment usage and a decrease in musculoskeletal injuries related to the use of proper body mechanics and lifting techniques with SPH equipment and devices. Without the completion of this project, the future clinical would be continued incidence of manual handling injuries, lost and restricted work days and continued avoidable costs to patients, nurses, and the organization.
Reducing Barcode Medication Overrides
Authors:   , Bassion Loretta A. , Zuzelo Patti Rager
Published: July 2021

Background: Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) processes rely on accurate patient identification band (IDB) placement. An inaccurate or missing patient IDB can lead to BCMA procedure overrides, avoidable events that increase the likelihood of errors. Purpose: To reduce the incidence of BCMA patient IDB scans that lead to procedure overrides resulting from missing or incorrectly applied patient IDB placement. Methods: This pilot quality improvement project focused on six nursing units in a 176-bed community hospital. The doctoral student led an interdisciplinary team of expert informants in process mapping activities that identified gaps in patient admission IDB placement processes. Process mapping was supported by the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) framework. The group developed procedural recommendations to ensure correct IDB placement. Implementation of recommended changes and data from weekly electronic managerial reports was compared pre and post-interventions to measure frequencies of BCMA override processes related to patient IDB issues. Evaluation: Weekly electronic managerial reports for each of the six nursing units compared BCMA patient ID override frequencies before and after any corrected gaps over one month. Clinical Implications: This quality improvement project provided 1) identification of IDB process gaps and 2) recommendations for remediating steps in IDB processes developed by interdisciplinary expert informants who participated in IDB placement. Improving IDB placement accuracy helped to reduce overall BCMA system patient ID overrides, thereby reducing medication use system risk.
Gait speed testing in the emergency department
Authors:   , Scherle Patricia A. , DiMaria-Ghalili Rose Ann
Published: July 2021

Background: Objective functional screening tools are an important component of the assessment of older adults in the emergency department (ED) setting and are identified as a predictor of adverse events including ED revisits and falls. Gait speed is an easy screening tool that can be performed quickly and safely during the triage process without delaying the care of the patient. A gait speed of <1.0m/s may indicate the need to implement fall precautions, demonstrate an increased risk for lower extremity limitations, hospitalizations, death and an increased assistance with personal care. Objective: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement gait speed testing in the ED and to examine the impact of gait speed on the disposition decision outcome. Methods: A prospective descriptive design using a convenience sample of 30 older adult patients presenting to the ED was utilized. Gait speeds were categorized as low (<1.0m/s) and normal (>1.0m/s). Discharge disposition was categorized as discharged, discharged with physical therapy, and discharged with other support services. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and the Fisher's exact test. Results: The sample was primarily female (n=19 , 63.3%), with a mean age of 71years (SD=8.9). The mean gait speed was .75m/s (SD=.25 Twenty-three patients had low gait speed < 1 m/s. Of those patients with low gait speed, 8 patients (34.8%) were admitted while 15 (65.2%) were discharged home, a result that was not statistically significant (P=1.00, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Gait speed testing could be administered by nursing during the triage process without delaying the patient's length of stay. In this limited sample, gait speed testing did not impact the use of support services upon discharge. Further staff education is warranted to increase their understanding of the clinical implications of gait speed testing.
Essays on Tax Preparer Decision Making
Authors:   , Vermeer Beth Y. , Curatola Anthony Paul
Published: July 2021

To complete the requirements of my doctoral degree, I selected the option of writing a three paper essay series in lieu of a traditional dissertation. The abstracts for each essay are presented in succession. Essay One: "Behavioral Tax Research: A Review and Prospective" My first essay is the literature review portion of my essay series, which motivated my second and third essays in the series. In this essay, I explore earlier reviews in behavioral, experimental tax research and continue forward to trace the evolution of ideas in the primary streams of research in this area. Essay Two: "IRS Oversight, Client Risk, and Tax Professionals: Does Increased Control Deter Aggressive Decision Making?" My second essay examines the impact of the new Internal Revenue Service (IRS) preparer oversight program on the decision making of tax professionals. Drawing on the tenets of deterrence and control theories, I examine decision making under low and high regulatory scrutiny. In summary, I find evidence, consistent with extant literature on control theory, that tax professionals increase the aggressiveness of their recommendations and report higher advocacy intentions when facing high IRS oversight. Essay Three: "Tax Professionals and Antecedents to Aggressive Decision Making: An Examination of Client Identification and Economic Importance" Motivated by the results of my second essay, my third essay examines why tax professionals may be willing to risk exposure to the increased costs of making aggressive recommendations for their clients. Thus, this essay examines the impact of two antecedents to aggressive decision-making, namely the role of the interpersonal relationship with the client (client identification) and the economic importance of the client, on the recommendations of tax professionals. Consistent with the tenets of Social Identity Theory, I find that stronger client identification leads to more aggressive recommendations and suggest that client identification is an important construct for future research in this area. Further, I find that a client's economic importance does not follow the presumed linear positive relationship with more aggressive recommendations. Rather the results suggest a nonlinear relationship between economic importance and aggressive recommendations, demonstrating a complex and multi-faceted response to economic importance.
Evaluation and study on the adhesion of powder onto punch faces during tablet compaction
Authors:   , Thomas James V. , Zavaliangos Antonios
Published: July 2021

Sticking during tablet compaction is an issue that is commonly experienced during tablet manufacturing operations. The term 'Sticking' refers to a phenomenon that results in the adherence of materials onto the punch faces and die wall even after the tooling has left contact with the tablet. The occurrence of sticking during large scale tablet manufacture can produce defective tablets, halt manufacturing operations, and can be very costly. Currently, the mechanisms by which this phenomenon occurs is not clearly understood. However, numerous factors dealing with powder characteristics and instrumentation parameters are reported in literature to affect sticking. Therefore, sticking is a complex multifaceted phenomenon in which multiple factors can simultaneously contribute to the issue. The aim of the work conducted in this thesis is to study the process of sticking. Ibuprofen was chosen as a model compound in this work as it is widely known to cause this issue. In addition, evaluation of the sticking propensity of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) and of a confidential compound is also presented. A customized punch with a removable punch tip was used to quantify the mass of adhered material on the punch tip during tablet compaction. The effect of particle size on sticking with ibuprofen was evaluated. Formulations containing 30% ibuprofen (AS-IS) and 30% micronized ibuprofen with 0.5% magnesium stearate and 69.5% microcrystalline cellulose were tested. Results with micronized ibuprofen showed a marked increase in sticking compared to non-micronized ibuprofen. Significant triboelectric charging was observed with micronized ibuprofen. Analysis of the adhered material on the punch tip by SEM reveals the presence of both heavily deformed particles and minimally deformed fragments that are on the size order of well below 50[mu]m. Triboelectric charging was also demonstrated to occur upon compaction with ASA. Results suggest that that particle size, static charging and fragmentation may play important roles in the mechanism of sticking in ibuprofen formulations. Furthermore, it is observed that sticking in ibuprofen can be influenced by cleaning of punch faces by solvents and by capping defects in tablets.
Type II diabetes and detrusor muscle function
Authors:   , Klee Nicole Siobhan , Moreland Robert S.
Published: July 2021

Bladder smooth muscle (detrusor muscle) undergoes temporal changes in response to diabetes, resulting in diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). DBD induces a compensated state of bladder function exhibiting detrusor muscle remodeling and a hypercontractile phenotype progressing into a decompensated state of bladder function and a hypocontractile phenotype. While the majority of DBD studies have been performed in type I diabetes, there are relatively few in type II diabetes; in these studies none have characterized the two states of DBD. Our studies utilized a type II diabetic model induced by a high-fat diet, to induce insulin resistance, and low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ), to induce hyperglycemia and compromised [beta]-cell function. The goal of this study was to investigate the timeline of DBD development, detrusor muscle contractility, and underlying mechanisms during the two states of DBD. The compensated state was characterized by increased volume per void, detrusor muscle hypertrophy, and increased contractility to carbachol and ATP. These results indicated that the enhanced contractility to carbachol was due to increased levels of M2 expression, without corresponding changes in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. The decompensated state was characterized by increased volume per void and number of voids, detrusor hypertrophy, and increased contractility to ATP but not carbachol. This suggested that progression of DBD involves decreased contractility to muscarinic stimulation. In addition, proteins involved with calcium sensitization and MLC demonstrated decreased phosphorylation levels. Decompensated detrusor also exhibited enhanced purinergic neurogenic force. The underlying increase in purinergic component of detrusor contractility is a possible therapeutic target for DBD.
Examining the Impact of Cognitive Deficits and Physical Impairments on Visual Perception in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   , Raphail Ann-Marie A. , Schultheis Maria T.
Published: July 2021

Visual perception is an important aspect of daily life that requires intact oculomotor ability (i.e., eye movement) and cognition (i.e., process information). Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both these domains and subsequently may lead to impaired visual perception. To examine the relationship between visual perception, cognition, and motor ability, the current study examined reaction times and eye movements of individuals with MS across three visual search tasks. 19 individuals with MS and 21 age-and-gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were administered neuropsychological testing and three eye-tracking tasks of varying cognitive difficulty. Task 1 required participants to look at a circle as quickly as possible to measure saccade velocity (eye movement speed). Task 2 was a simple visual search task that required them to find a green "2" in a matrix of different colored numbers to measure saccade velocity, fixation durations (time looking at particular location), and reaction time. Task 3 was a complex visual search task in which they searched for an "X" hidden in real-world scenes to measure saccade velocity, fixation durations and reaction times. It was found that the MS group had significantly longer reaction times than the HC group on both the number search and scene search tasks. However, there was no significant difference in saccade velocity or fixation durations between the two groups across any of the tasks. These findings indicate that visual search is slower in MS regardless of the difficulty level of the task, suggesting that individuals with MS need more time to perceive, process, and make decisions about visual information. Furthermore, given that there was no difference in saccade velocity, these slowed reaction times are likely driven by cognitive impairment more so than oculomotor deficit.
Effects of morphine and the viral protein Tat on the blood-brain barrier
Authors:   , Maubert Monique Eufemia , Nonnemacher Michael R.
Published: July 2021

Many of the pathological observations made in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been attributed to compromise of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Certain viral proteins have been implicated in deregulation of the BBB, including the HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat). Illicit drug use is also a known confounder of disease in HIV-1-infected individuals, and opioid abuse has been reported to enhance HIV-1 disease progression in multiple ways, including increased incidence and severity of HAND, as compared to non-users. In these studies, a well-characterized human brain microvascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, was utilized as an in vitro model of the BBB in order to investigate the interactions and consequences of morphine or Tat exposure on the BBB. Transport of morphine, without the production of morphine metabolites, across the hCMEC/D3 BBB was observed. In addition, changes in the expression of mRNA transcripts of tight junction proteins were seen throughout the course of hCMEC/D3 exposure to morphine. Furthermore, exposure to repeated administrations of morphine resulted in the generation of chemotactic gradients across the in vitro BBB model. When the same model was used to examine if recombinant Tat elicited a similar response, it was found that Tat did not affect general permeability of the barrier or induce MCP-1 or SDF-1 chemokine gradients. Overall, these studies demonstrate that exposure to morphine, and not Tat, results in compromise of BBB integrity by inducing alterations in molecular expression of key BBB components important to maintaining homeostatic regulation of the barrier.
The determination of carbon dioxide flux in the atmosphere using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry and isotopic dilution
Authors:   , DeLacy Brendan G. , Bandy Alan R.
Published: July 2021

An atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry/isotopically labeled standard (APIMS/ILS) method has been developed for the determination of carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux in the atmosphere. Initial method development involved the enhancement of the APIMS/ILS sensitivity for CO₂. This work included the optimization of ion optics, ionization chemistry, and flow rates. Additionally, the impact that analog and counting mode detectors had on sensitivity was explored. This led to an investigation of how detector signal was amplified. A novel analog amplifier was created in-house and subsequently evaluated. The analog amplifier made for the negative ion mode of detection, first converted detector current to voltage, and subsequently converted voltage to frequency. The analog mode of signal amplification was then compared to a pulse generating amplifier. It was concluded through a series of experiments that analog amplification in conjunction with an analog multiplier produced higher signal to noise ratios and increased the life of the detector. The newly developed APIMS/ILS method was used to determine CO₂ flux over an open field in Lewes, Delaware during August and September of 2004. The CO₂ flux was calculated using the gradient flux method. CO₂ fluxes of -1,879 to +4,925 mol m-2 yr-1 were obtained during the study. Additionally, negative flux values were obtained during the late afternoon and positive flux values were obtained in the early morning to early afternoon hours, exhibiting a diurnal variability in flux. The magnitude of the fluxes and the diurnal variability in flux were consistent with results previously observed in the literature. The last phase of research involved the derivation of an equation describing errors in CO₂ measurements that are introduced by dryers. Formulas quantifying this error were derived from the Ideal Gas Law, the conservation of mass, and Dalton's Law. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the errors created solely by the dryer in CO₂ concentration measurements post-dryer. The atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry/isotopically labeled standard (APIMS/ILS) method was used to detect CO₂ post-dryer. The errors observed in these laboratory experiments verified the theoretical errors predicted in the derived equations. Real fast water vapor data obtained from research flight #7 of the DYCOMS II field campaign were also used to evaluate the effect. This data analysis revealed systematic errors in CO₂ concentration measurements and CO₂ flux measurements when a dryer is used. Such errors can be avoided by using the APIMS/ILS technique which measures mixing ratios.
Development of the Therapeutic Relationship in Music Therapy with Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   , Pomerantz Melissa E. , Horowitz Scott , Low Ming Yuan
Published: July 2021

This capstone will first provide a brief overview of autism as well as literature regarding the following: the use of music therapy, particularly improvisational methods, for individuals with autism; the therapeutic relationship, as well as its role in the music therapy and non-music therapy treatment of autism; and characteristics existent in music therapy that influence the therapeutic relationship, including intersubjectivity, affect attunement. A case study will then be reviewed in order to explore this topic within a specific context-the author's developing musical therapeutic relationship with a client diagnosed with ASD in individual music therapy. Finally, the author will identify personal reflections gained from the clinical experience, analysis, and overall process, discuss these reflections as they pertain to the literature, and make recommendations for clinical practice based on these findings.
Impact of Opioid Overdose Education with Take Home Naloxone in the Emergency Department
Authors:   , Toulson Karen L. , Rundio Al , Horton Terry
Published: July 2021

Abstract Background: The numbers of patients that misuse both prescription and illicit drugs resulting in dependency and overdose is causing an increase in utilization of emergency department (ED) services. It is estimated that in 2010 there were 135,971 ED visits for opioid overdose across the nation with an associated cost of 2.3 billion dollars (Yorkell, et al. 2014). Opioid misuse disorder patients that come to the emergency department for care present a unique opportunity for overdose prevention and naloxone take home education. This effort can contribute to saving lives with this patient population. Methods: The main objective of this quality improvement project using a PDCA project design was to show the impact of opioid overdose education and take-home naloxone in the emergency department using a pretest posttest method. Using the BOOKs questionnaire, participants received a pretest, opioid overdose education, risk reduction strategies and instruction on naloxone use. After ED discharge, a follow up was made and the post test administered. Results: Sixteen participants were recruited for this project. Follow up was made successfully to 6. There was a loss to follow up of 62.5% for various reasons. Data analysis of the pre and post test data using Fisher's exact test did not provide statistically significant results. Conclusions: Pretest and posttest data was analyzed by individual question and knowledge domain. No statistical significance was realized from the data. The overall sample was small making it difficult for any type of conclusion about the education provided. Further projects with a larger group and longer period are needed to be able to have conclusive results.
Understanding the Mechanistic Role of Grain Boundaries on the Strength and Deformation of Nanocrystalline Metals using Atomistic Simulations
Authors:   , Rajaram Satish S. , Tucker Garritt J.
Published: July 2021

Nanocrystalline (NC) materials, defined structurally by having average grain sizes less than 100nm, exhibit a number of enhanced mechanical properties such as ultrahigh strength, improved wear resistance and greater resistance to fatigue crack initiation compared to coarser grained polycrystalline (PC) materials. NC materials exhibit these improved properties, in part, due to the increased grain boundary (GB) volume fraction. NC materials strength increases with decreasing grain size, known as the Hall-Petch (HP) effect often resulting in a peak strength between 10-20nm. Studies have shown that NC materials strength decreases due to the shift from dislocation-dominant to GB-dominant deformation mechanisms in the plastic flow regime as average grain size decreases below 10-20nm. While the potential improved properties are of interest, the application of NC materials are hindered due to microstructural instability i.e., grain growth to reduce the total energy of the system, thus degrading desired mechanical properties. Numerous studies have looked at avenues to stabilize NC microstructure, namely through thermodynamics and kinetics, alloying has been one significant strategy used to stabilize NC materials. As these processes are used to stabilize NC microstructures to thermally-induce grain growth, they add additional uncertainty as the deformation and GB behavior of pure NC materials are still not fully understood. Experimental work on NC materials is difficult due to the length scale being investigated as it is difficult to manufacture and can be time consuming to analyze with current technology. Atomistic simulations have shown the potential to investigate fundamental behavior at the nanoscale and provide important insight in the mechanisms that drive the mechanical behavior of NC materials. This thesis will use atomistic simulations to study the structure-property relationship of face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals by focusing on GBs to investigate the strength of NC nickel. During the course of this thesis, four aspects that govern NC behavior will be studied, yielding, plasticity, thermal effects, and GB disorder to elucidate deeper insight into the underlying deformation mechanisms that control the strength of FCC NC metals i.e., flow stress, in the grain size regime 6 to 20nm.
Corporate Liability for Creditors’ Losses during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johan Suwinto , Ariawan Ariawan
Published: July 2021

Many companies experienced bankruptcy lawsuits during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. This was so when the companies’ asset cannot afford their obligations upon their creditors, especially banks and other financial institutions. The creditors demanded compensation to avoid losses due to the companies’ failure in repaying their loans. The question is who should be held liable if the companies are of limited liability companies. This paper aims to examine the liability of corporation for creditors' losses. This normative legal research relies on secondary data in the form of legal materials, especially primary and secondary legal materials. The result shows that demanding compensation through bankruptcy lawsuit is not an easy task for the creditors. In fact, a separate lawsuit is required rather than incorporating it in a bankruptcy lawsuit. Even, it is not only a matter of civil case but also criminal case. Therefore, the companies may be subjected to both civil and criminal liability.
ASEAN Non-Intervention Principles: An Alternative Settlement towards Human Rights Violation in Rohingya
Authors: Achmad Yulianto , Prasetyoningsih Nanik , Al Fath M. Reformis
Published: July 2021

The frame of international news is colored with a series of systemic and consistent human rights violation experienced by the Rohingya ethnic group in Burma. Toward this case, it is unlikely for Burma to be willing and to be able to resolve this case internally. Hence, as a regional security and stability guard in the Southeast Asia region, ASEAN should take part in settling human rights violations that occur in its member states. However, every settlement attempted by ASEAN is constantly distracted with Non-Intervention Principles. This research aims to examine the alternative ideas for Non-Intervention Principles of ASEAN as a settlement towards human rights violation on Rohingya ethnic. This research used normative research, based on the secondary data was employed as the research method. The obtained data were analyzed by using qualitative analysis. The research found that the Non-Intervention principle has been applied in ASEAN in the most rigid form. Meanwhile, Humanitarian Assistance and Humanitarian Intervention mechanism is an alternative settlement towards human rights violations on the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar
Clinico-epidemiological profile of COVID-19 among health care workers from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Tolpadi Anuradha , Mane Abhijeet , Oswal Jitendra , Rege Sujata , Modak Meera , Landge Sujitkumar , Gade Asmita , Tanpure Reshma
Published: July 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health issue. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are especially vulnerable to infection by SARS-CoV-2. The present study was conducted to determine the proportion of HCWs infected with COVID 19 in a tertiary care centre with emphasis on the epidemiological and clinical aspectMethods: HCWs (symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts) who tested positive for COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-RTPCR or COVID-19 rapid antigen test were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data of the infected HCWs was obtained through a detailed telephonic interview with structured questionnaire.Results: Out of total 921 HCWs tested for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Rapid antigen test), 323 (35%) HCWs were positive. Proportion of COVID-19 positive HCWs among all HCWs was 13.67% (323/2362). Most COVID-19 positive HCWs (88%) were symptomatic. Majority of infected HCWs (62.23%) were between the age group of 21-30 years. Nurses were the most predominantly affected among various categories of HCWs (42.41%). Fever was the most common presenting symptom, seen in 160 (49.50%) HCWs. Comorbidities were found in 28 (8.66%) of infected HCWs. Majority of HCWs (86%) suffered from mild infection.Conclusions: HCWs, especially nurses, face a high risk of COVID-19 infection while providing care for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. It is important to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of HCWs regarding COVID-19 for formulation of prevention and management strategies.
A Plasma Reactor for Experimental Investigation of Sterilization Processes: Preliminary Results on Escherichia Coli
Authors: Decina Alessandra , D’Orazio Annunziata , Barni Riccardo , Polissi Alessandra , Riccardi Claudia
Published: July 2021

Plasma process is a promising physical method for sterilization. Due to the lack of suitable plasma diagnostics, installed in the reactors, a general lack of knowledge happens about the gas-phase chemical composition and the influence of operating parameters. The same lack of knowledge happens in case of gas plasma generated from different gases, candidates for sterilization purposes. The aim of this work is to understand the role of different agents acting in the sterilization process, evaluate the effectiveness of different precursor gases and validate the plasma reactor dedicated. A plasma reactor, equipped with an extended set of plasma diagnostics is dedicated to the understanding the role of different agents of gas plasma sterilization process. A microbiological investigation is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the steps of the process on cultures of Escherichia coli, using both hydrogen peroxide and argon. The effects on the colonies of Escherichia Coli are assessed in terms of species present in the chamber, acquiring the spectra resulting from the exposure of the Petri dish to sterilization. With regard to the sterilization action of Peroxide and Argon plasma, CFUs are counted for each significant point of the cycle and survival curves are provided. Differences emerge between Peroxide and Argon plasma, for action mechanisms and sterilization time. The survival curves show a more effective sterilizing action of Argon plasma. A validation is necessary by an appropriate statistic and by considering more resistant microorganisms. Reactor will be used to evaluate different precursor gases and microorganisms. The use of non-corrosive and non-irritating gas, such as argon, for sterilization purpose implies a simplification of the plant equipment. It would be possible to remove the components for the vaporization and concentration of peroxide, and to eliminate the management of the boxes containing discarded peroxide, managed to date as hazardous wastes and to reduce significantly the risk for health professionals.
Impact of In-kind Social Transfer Programs on the Labor Supply: a Gender Perspective
Authors: García Luis , Collantes Erika
Published: July 2021

En los últimos años, Perú ha ampliado sus programas sociales destinados a combatir la pobreza, con nuevas iniciativas como el programa de guardería Cuna Más y el programa de comidas escolares Qali Warma. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si estos programas sociales han tenido algún impacto en la jornada laboral de hombres y mujeres pertenecientes a los hogares beneficiarios. Según los enfoques de asignación de tiempo y los roles del hogar basados ​​en el género, se podría esperar un impacto diferente en cada uno de estos dos grupos. En términos econométricos, es bien sabido que las horas trabajadas son el resultado de un proceso de selección de la muestra que podría sesgar estimaciones ordinarias de mínimos cuadrados e incluso estimaciones de efectos fijos (dentro del grupo), que controlan el sesgo de heterogeneidad no observado pero no el sesgo de selección. Usamos el método de Kyriazidou (1997) para estimar un modelo de determinantes de horas trabajadas y encontrar impactos diferenciados por género; el programa de desayunos Qali Warma fomenta la oferta laboral femenina entre los menores de 25 y mayores de 40, mientras que Cuna Más lo hace solo para los menores de 25 años. En el caso de los hombres, el programa de desayunos Qali Warma también parece incrementar las horas trabajadas ( aunque en menor medida que para las mujeres), mientras que la versión de almuerzos escolares del mismo programa reduce las horas trabajadas, especialmente para los hombres mayores de 40 años.
Derecho administrativo en el marco de la comunidad andina: la ampliación de la legitimidad activa para solicitar interpretaciones prejudiciales
Authors: Diez Canseco Núñez Luis José , Sasaki Otani María Ángela
Published: July 2021

Uno de los temas de mayor trascendencia en el Derecho Administrativo comunitario andino está referido a la ampliación de la legitimidad activa para solicitar interpretaciones prejudiciales al Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina (TJCA). De hecho, el TJCA ha interpretado de manera amplia y generosa el concepto de “juez nacional”, incluyendo a los órganos administrativos de los Estados miembros, así como a los árbitros. De tal manera que, el problema de investigación gira en torno a qué se entiende por “juez nacional” a la luz del Derecho comunitario andino y el objeto y fin del mecanismo de la interpretación prejudicial. La hipótesis principal consiste en que, tanto los órganos administrativos como los árbitros son, en los hechos, “jueces comunitarios” por colaborar en la interpretación y la aplicación uniforme del Derecho comunitario. En ese sentido, en el presente trabajo se analizará la interpretación prejudicial como uno de los más importantes vehículos para garantizar el Estado de Derecho en materia de Propiedad Intelectual en el marco de la Comunidad Andina (CAN), y se hará un breve análisis comparativo entre la consulta prejudicial del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) y la del TJCA. Por último, se brindarán algunos apuntes sobre cómo se deben enfrentar los cambios jurisprudenciales del TJCA.
Teorías de los fines de la pena: la problemática aplicación de la prevención especial en la política criminal peruana
Authors: Farfán Ramírez Fabrizio Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Debido al existente monopolio punitivo y penitenciario en el Perú, y en gran parte del mundo, los Estados deben justificar mediante una finalidad, el daño que la imposición de una pena causa en el individuo. Ante ello, la política criminal peruana opta por acoger una teoría ecléctica, cuyo mayor relieve se encuentra en la prevención especial. Sin embargo, pese a ser la prevención especial el núcleo de la teoría acogida, este precepto no se ve correctamente materializado.El presente artículo desarrolla el fundamento y los problemas de las diversas teorías de los fines de la pena, las cuales se presentan como una opción de aplicación para el legislador peruano. Analiza, además, la estigmatización, la presión mediática y el exceso de privaciones de libertad. Problemas que impiden la materialización de la prevención especial en el Perú.
Frustración del fin del contrato: análisis comparativo, críticas y propuestas en el ordenamiento peruano
Authors: Meza Lazo Anjana Shanta , Taboada Pajuelo Alexia Gabriela
Published: July 2021

La figura de la frustración del fin del contrato resulta ser interesante, pues pone en jaque al principio del pacta sunt servanda, propio del civil law que vendría a ser nuestra familia jurídica. En el Perú, está figura no está actualmente recogida en la legislación. No obstante, en el año 2019, se presentó una primera propuesta de regulación en el artículo 1372-A del Anteproyecto de reforma del Código Civil peruano, lo que evidenciaría la importancia que dicha figura estaría obteniendo en el país. Por ello, en el presente texto, realizaremos un análisis sobre la frustración del fin del contrato a partir de la comparación de ordenamientos jurídicos tales como el inglés, el norteamericano, el alemán, el argentino y el colombiano. Asimismo, analizaremos el caso peruano y evaluaremos la propuesta del Anteproyecto de reforma del Código Civil peruano. Finalmente, presentaremos nuestra propia propuesta de regulación que pretende no solo reformular lo presentado en el Anteproyecto, sino que también tiene por objetivo ser una guía de utilización para quienes deseen aplicar esta figura. En nuestra propuesta planteamos que (i) su aplicación se dé en contratos sinalagmáticos; (ii) que el fin se exprese en el contrato o se entienda indubitablemente en base a su fin ordinario o natural; (iii) que la frustración sea causada por un evento extraordinario; (iv) que se distinga entre frustración total y parcial; (v) que la resolución se pueda dar a través del envío de un carta notarial resolutoria; y (vi) que solo el acreedor de la obligación sea quien pueda alegar la frustración del fin del contrato.
Predicción diagnóstica de qSOFA, news y apache II de mortalidad en 28 días de pacientes con sepsis que ingresan al servicio de emergencia del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins
Authors:   , Montero Miranda Diego Arturo , Rivera Morán Javier Armando
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Diferentes escalas de predicción diagnóstica se vienen recomendando y aplicando en diferentes departamentos de emergencia para predecir ciertos resultados de salud, los cuales pueden apoyar y/o mejorar el manejo de pacientes graves. Entre los más empleados están el qSOFA (quickly- Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment), una escala validada por el consenso de sepsis-3; la escala inglesa NEWS (National Early Warning Score) y la escala APACHE II (. Sin embargo, en nuestro medio no se ha evaluado su uso y performance en un servicio de emergencia. Objetivo: Valorar el desempeño diagnóstico de las escalas qSOFA, NEWS y APACHE-II en el departamento de emergencia en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM). Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en un hospital de alta complejidad. La población de estudio comprendió las admisiones al departamento de emergencia en pacientes con sospecha de sepsis. Asimismo, usando tres escalas: qSOFA, NEWS y APACHE II se calculó la exactitud de la predicción diagnóstica comparándolas entre ellas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 112 pacientes, de los cuales fallecieron 16 (14.29 %). Para predecir mortalidad dentro del hospital, se hallaron áreas bajo las curvas (AUC) para las diferentes escalas. APACHE II ≥17 tuvo una sensibilidad de 87.5% y una especificidad de 78.13% (IC 95%: 0.84 - 0.96) con un AUC de 0.9, qSOFA ≥2 con una sensibilidad de 81.25% y especificidad de 68.75% (IC 95%: 0.63 - 0.87) con un AUC de 0.75 y NEWs ≥7 con una sensibilidad de 62.5% y especificidad de 78.13% (IC 95%: 0.56 - 0.86) con un AUC de 0.71. Conclusiones: Las escalas de puntaje qSOFA, NEWS y APACHE II, son adecuados para la predicción diagnóstica de mortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis y es pertinente su uso en los distintos hospitales del Perú.
Pasión y estado de flow en bailarines de una escuela de danza
Authors:   , Huerta Solari Jorge Luis
Published: July 2021

En el presente estudio, se relacionaron las variables pasión y estado de fluidez (flow) en 142 bailarines de una escuela de danza. La pasión es la identificación que tiene la persona con una actividad que le encanta e invierte tiempo, dedicación y compromiso (Carpentier, Megaeu y Vallerand, 2012). El flow es la abstracción del tiempo y del espacio que tiene la persona ante una actividad que le es placentera (Hernández, Morales y Triguero 2012). Se aplicaron los instrumentos: Escala de pasión adaptada en español (Orgamdídez, Borrego y Gonçalves, 2014) y la Escala de flow adaptada en español (García et al. 2008). Los resultados demuestran que existe una correlación positiva entre la pasión y el flow en los bailarines (p<,05). Además, se encontró que existe diferencia significativa en la variable sociodemográfica roles de los bailarines, evidenciando que los profesionales y estudiantes experimentan mayor pasión y flow (p<,05).
Diseño de la sección transversal mediante el método NATM en la etapa 1A del proyecto de la Línea 2 del metro de Lima
Authors:   , Martel Espinoza Jhon Jersson
Published: July 2021

La tesis consiste en proponer un diseño de la sección transversal mediante el método NATM de la etapa 1A del proyecto de la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima. En el cual para comenzar este estudio en este mega proyecto que en la actualidad se sigue realizando se tuvo que investigar los distintos procesos de excavación que se iban a utilizar, entre ellas tenemos al nuevo método austriaco (NATM) y las máquinas tuneladoras (TBM), sin embargo, el último método de excavación de túnel aún no ha sido utilizado. Por un lado, se identificó parte de las obras preliminares para los frentes de trabajo del NATM, las cuales vienen a ser las construcciones de estaciones, piques, túnel de interceptación, entre otras que serán mencionadas y definidas en un capitulo líneas más abajo, es muy importante esta parte, pues mediante esta información podemos saber a dónde va dirigido nuestro objetivo principal, que consiste en proponer un diseño y revestimiento en futuras construcciones de túneles urbanos en Lima. Finalmente, para poder realizar un diseño de sostenimiento y revestimiento distinto al que ya se encuentra en proceso tuvimos que realizar distintas verificaciones, las cuales cumplieron con los requisitos de la norma del AISC 360-2011, E.060 y E.090 de Estructuras de Acero, dando así una nueva opción para el revestimiento y sostenimiento de futuras construcciones de túneles urbanos.
Análisis de la amplificación sísmica de edificios del Cercado de Lima – Lima y La Punta – Callao por medio del método modal espectral y tiempo – historia mediante acelerogramas sintéticos
Authors:   , Castillo Cano Ronald Daniel , Young del Aguila Fredy Renan
Published: July 2021

Actualmente la población limeña no cuenta con viviendas propias y seguras; por ello, surge el auge del rubro de la construcción masiva con grandes edificaciones multifamiliares, cuya resistencia al impacto telúrico de enorme magnitud de 8 a 9 grados sigue en prueba sísmica; por ende, es muy relevante realizar la comparación del análisis del método modal espectral de la estructura (desplazamientos y aceleraciones respecto al suelo) y un análisis del método tiempo-historia donde se obtendrán las deformaciones máximas de la estructura de los edificios en este presente estudio; asimismo, evaluará la vulnerabilidad de la construcción estructural mediante acelerogramas sintéticos utilizando como espectro objetivo el espectro de peligro uniforme obtenido en el Parque de la Reserva, Cercado de Lima, por medio de un estudio peligro sísmico para un periodo de retorno de 475 años, reconociendo el comportamiento estructural ante un sismo de gran magnitud. El presente estudio titulado: Análisis de la amplificación sísmica de edificios del Cercado de Lima – Lima y La Punta – Callao por medio del análisis modal espectral y tiempo – historia mediante acelerogramas sintéticos; cuyo objetivo es realizar la comparación de dichos métodos en 4 edificios (2 de 5 niveles y 2 de 12 niveles) cuya configuración estructural es de muros de concreto armado, los cuales se estudiaran en dos distintos tipos de suelo (Cercado de Lima y La Punta) con la finalidad de obtener resultados de derivas, fuerzas, desplazamientos y aceleraciones para determinar la amplificación sísmica en los suelos mencionados, y así optar por el método de análisis más óptimo. Asimismo, el propósito del presente estudio es conocer el comportamiento de la edificación acorde con la realidad peruana; es decir edificaciones con periodos cortos; el cual evaluará la vulnerabilidad mediante acelerogramas sintéticos, reconociendo el comportamiento estructural ante una eventualidad sísmica de gran magnitud.
Influencia de la Asociatividad Empresarial como Estrategia de Exportación de las MYPES del Sector Artesanía de la Región Ayacucho - Perú Periodo 2014 - 2018
Authors:   , Paredes Marticorena Paola Sofia , Quispe Balladilla Nikol Denís
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar la Influencia de la Asociatividad Empresarial como Estrategia de Exportación de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPES) del Sector Artesanía de la Región Ayacucho - Perú periodo 2014 - 2018. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sobre los antecedentes nacionales e internacionales, el marco conceptual y las teorías que existen acerca de la Exportación del Sector Artesanía para tener una visión global y específica sobre su relación con la Asociatividad Empresarial. Para ello, se describe la situación actual del sector, las tendencias de las exportaciones, los síntomas y causas del problema planteado. Además, se plantean los objetivos e hipótesis en base a la investigación previa. La metodología utilizada para efectos de la investigación se basa en un enfoque mixto, no experimental, descriptivo y correlacional que pretende analizar aspectos específicos de las variables: Formalidad, Acceso al Financiamiento y Capacitación. La información fue obtenida mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos en la materia y cuestionarios a las Asociaciones de la Región Ayacucho. Los resultados de esta recolección de información primaria fueron analizados mediante el software Atlas Ti versión 7.5. y el programa estadístico SPSS, respectivamente. Con ello, se espera generar un espacio de discusión académica y de soporte para futuros trabajos de investigación que tengan como enfoque de estudio a la Asociatividad Empresarial.