bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in Wealth-Holding by Race and Ethnicity: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances
Authors: Dettling Lisa J. , Hsu Joanne W. , Jacobs Lindsay , Moore Kevin B. , Thompson Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2017

Data from the newly released 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances show wealth has grown for families across race and ethnicity groups since 2013, but substantial disparities between groups persist.
Isolation and ex vivo culture of alveolar macrophages from the resected lungs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis v1
Authors: Ufimtseva Elena
Published: September 2017

Alveolar macrophages were obtained from the specimens of surgically resected lung tissue. Pieces of lung tissues (~10-30g) obtained from lung parts resected from patients with treatment-refractory pulmonary tuberculosis.Lung tissue specimens were cut into small pieces and rubbed through a metal screen of sieve with pores of 0.5-2.0 mm diameter in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) for separating of cellular suspension containing alveolar macrophages from the closed granulematous-fibrotic tissue. Cellular pellets after centrifugation at 400g for 5 min at room temperature were placed to 24-well plates (Orange Scientific, Belgium) with cover glasses in the bottom and cultured in 0.5 ml complete growth RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine and 50 µg/ml gentamicin (BioloT, Russia) for 16-18 hours at +37°C in atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
International Federation of Free Journalists: Opposing Communist Propaganda During the Cold War
Authors: Nekola Martin
Published: September 2017

The topic of supranational organizations of East-European émigrés during the Cold War still remains a lesser-known topic. There were a number of anti-Communist organizations between 1948–1989, consisting of former politicians, diplomats, soldiers, lawyers or academics from behind the Iron Curtain. The community of exiled journalists was represented by the International Federation of Free Journalists, officially founded in November 1948 in Paris by delegates from twelve nations. Its membership base soon grew to 1,400 people. The Federation warned the Western public against the injustices, false propaganda and the red terror in Eastern Europe for four decades.
Particularități morfosintactice ale indefinitului tot în limba română veche
Authors: Nedelcu Isabela
Published: September 2017

În acest articol se stabilesc și se discută, prin raportare la limba actuală, o serie de particularități morfosintactice ale indefinitului tot în limba veche: forme care s-au pierdut, modalități mai multe (sintetică, analitică și mixtă) de exprimare a genitiv-dativului singular și plural, topica mai permisivă și posibilitatea de a se construi cu un substantiv nearticulat. Descrierea particularităților gramaticale ale cuantificatorului tot evidențiază o mare variație: (i) între realizarea sintetică, realizarea analitică și cea mixtă a genitiv-dativului (toatei + substantiv la genitiv-dativ, a/la/de toată + substantiv cu formă de nominativ-acuzativ, a toată + substantiv la genitiv-dativ); (ii) între forma (pronominală și adjectivală) cu particula finală –a și cea fără –a (tuturor, tuturora; tuturor oamenilor, tuturora fraților); (iii) între postpunerea și antepunerea lui tot în raport cu anumite pronume (ei toți, toți ei); (iv) între structura cu substantiv articulat și cea cu substantiv nearticulat (toate zilele, toate zile). Comparația cu limba actuală arată că, în unele cazuri, variația a fost eliminată, iar în altele se păstrează.
Comparative constructions in old Romanian
Authors: Brăescu Raluca
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we analyse degree adjectival constructions in old Romanian texts. We focus on the comparative of superiority, taking into account in the first place the grammaticalization stage of the degree markers. The structures from the old texts contain polyfunctional units in competition; some of them enter a complex process of specialisation (mai ‘more’), while others disappear (camai). Afterwards, we focus on the realizations of the comparative complement in the corpus analysed: prepositional phrases headed by the prepositions ca, decît, de ‘than’. We want to see if we can establish any constraints in the use of these prepositions. We pay attention to the word order disharmonies encountered in the old texts. The configurations with pre-adjectival complements are related to the existence of certain relics of the non-configurational syntax in old Romanian.
‘Book-Bank Facility’ in an Academic Library: A Survey of Users at D.G. Ruparel College Library, Mumbai
Authors: Garate Sachin , Garate Archana
Published: September 2017

‘Book Bank Facility’ is one of the demanded services in academic libraries. The purpose of this study was to investigate use and satisfaction about the Book Bank Facility through its users. Data was collected from the students applied for the facility in the year 2014-15 through a structured questionnaire. The analysis of the data shows that majority of users were satisfied with the administration of the service. Users have also provided some suggestions. Based on the findings, suggestions are submitted which will help the library to improve the service.
Readability of Abstracts Published in SRELS Journal of Information Management (2011-2015): An Analytical Study
Authors: Chakrabarti Abhijit , Mandal Sukumar
Published: September 2017

The paper analyses the readability of the abstracts of the articles published in different volumes of the journal, SRELS Journal of Information Management from 2011 to 2015. The paper examines the number of words; length of sentences, etc. and presents an average grade level according to readability formula. A total 301 abstracts of articles were selected during the period of 2011-2015 for this study. On the basis of these abstracts published in the journal, it is found that abstracts are made of 100 to 150 words. The results showed that the abstracts are not very easy to comprehend in terms of readability indices such as Gunning Fog index, Coleman Liau index, Flesch Kincaid Grade level, Automated Readability Index (ARI) and SMOG. From the study, it is clear that one requires 13 to 14 year education to understand the abstracts. At the end it is proposed that the abstracts should be more readable and clearer after the first reading.
Innovations in ICT Use in Library and Information Science Education through Distance Mode: An Experience
Authors: Gupta Dinesh K
Published: September 2017

Library and Information Science Programmes in India - from certificate programme to the research degree programs at doctoral level are being offered by more than one hundred universities/ institutions. Vardhman Mahaveer Open University offers a variety of Library and Information Science Programmes including a Certificate Programme in Digital Libraries (CPDL) and is a leader in the programmes offered in Hindi language. The University has employed various technologies to support learners starting from online admission to making available courses material online. This paper highlights the key features of the CPDL.
Risk factors influencing conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy
Authors: Thyagarajan Mohanapriya , Singh Balaji , Thangasamy Arulappan , Rajasekar Shobana
Published: September 2017

Background: Gall stone disease is a common disease affecting human beings. Over the past two decades, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease. The advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy over open surgery are a shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain, faster recovery, better cosmoses. This study was planned to identify the circumstances and the risk factors influencing the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open procedure.Methods: This is a Prospective study conducted over a period of 24 months. A total of 50/500 patients who were electively posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and got converted into open cholecyctectomy were included in the study. The Factors recorded and analysed were Age and Sex of the patient, presence of diabetes mellitus, previous episode of Acute Cholecystitis, Body Mass Index, presence of abdominal scar, total count, Ultrasonagram Abdomen findings of Gallbladder wall thickness and presence of pericholecystic fluid.Results: In our study, it has been observed that Patient Related Factors - Age >50yrs, Male gender, Presence of Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, previous Abdominal surgeries and Disease Related Factors - previous episode of Acute Cholecystitis, presence of Acute Cholecystitis, Gallbladder wall thickness >4mm, presence of Pericholecystic fluid were found to be significant risk factors in conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.Conclusions: These risk factors help to predict the difficulty of the procedure and this would permit the surgeon to better inform patients about the risk of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.
Study of laparoscopic repair of hiatus hernia
Authors: D. Sagrule Dhiraj , M. Lanjewar Sunil , N. Gajbhiye Raj , Nadagawali Vishal
Published: September 2017

Background: Traditionally, repair of giant PEH has been performed through an open laparotomy or thoracotomy. This population of patients is often elderly, with comorbidities, which has led to concern over surgical referral. With the advent of laparoscopy, giant PEHs are now being approached with minimally invasive techniques. Less invasive procedures may decrease the amount of postoperative pain and the perioperative complication rate and shorten recovery time. Recently, a few series have reported that laparoscopic repair of PEH is technically feasible, effective, and safe. Thus, once paraoesophageal hernia is identified current thinking is that it should be surgically treated regardless of symptoms.              Methods: Prospective study of patients diagnosed with hiatus hernia on endoscopy and barium swallow was conducted from October 2010 to November 2013. All patients with consent were operated with standard laparoscopic Nissens fundoplication and some require crural repair and studied during the course.Results: 22 cases with haitus hernia type I 8 (36.41%), type II 7 (31.8%) and type III 7 (31.8%), 68.18% having heart burn, 54.55% regurgitation, dysphagia 36.36% and chest pain 31.82% were treated and observed preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Most cases 15 (68.18%) were between 61-70 years age group with 13 (59.09%) males and 9 (40.91%) females.  9.9% had asthma, 13.64% DM and 36.36% systemic HT out of 22 cases. Mean blood loss was 29.09 ml, mean operative time was 181.27±8.80 minutes, mean hospital stay was 3.68 days with 4.55% intraoperative complication, 4.55% postop complication rate having mean VAS on post op day 1 was 6.31 and on day 7 it was 0.52.
Comparative study of steristrips and subcuticular suture for wound closure after thyroid surgery
Authors: G. Vinay , K. S. Balasubrahmanya
Published: September 2017

Background: Any skin closure technique aims at opposing the skin edges precisely without tension for sufficient time to allow healing to take place. The ease and speed with which the skin closure is completed, the level of patient discomfort, the complication rate, and the final cosmetic result are the factors which has to be considered in making a comparison of different types of wound closure. This study aims at comparing steristrips and subcuticular sutures for wound closure after thyroid surgery based on assessment of post-operative pain, neck mobility and cosmetic appearance.Methods: A comparative study was carried out among 90 subjects attending Department of Surgery, K. R. Hospital, Mysuru over a period of 10 months. Subjects of either sex undergoing thyroidectomy will be randomized to had their wounds closed by steristrips or subcuticular sutures using a simple randomization table. Patients who underwent previous neck irradiations, secondary neck surgeries, and patients with poor compliance were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test and chi-square test were used to analyse the results.Results: The mean age group of the study subjects was 48.6 (range 24-76) years. The gender distribution showed a higher number of females (82) as compared to males (8). 70 patients were diagnosed with multinodular goitre, 16 patients were of thyroid neoplasms and 4 were of inflammatory thyroid conditions. 12 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and 78 patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Wound closure by steristrips had less post-operative pain, acceptable neck mobility and excellent scar appearance as compared to subcuticular sutures.Conclusions: The choice of materials for wound closure will depend on the surgeon's preference. However, this study does show that steristrips sutures can be removed more quickly and is more acceptable method of wound closure as compared to subcuticular sutures after thyroid surgery.
A prospective randomized comparison of primary outcome between laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy
Authors: T Shivakumar , Ranjan Ved Prakash , V. S. Yamuna , P. Karthik
Published: September 2017

Background: Open appendectomy is one of the most common surgeries done in an emergency operation theatre even after three decades of introduction of laparoscopic surgeries. The previous studies done on laparoscopic appendectomy produced conflicting recommendations, and the adequacy of sample sizes is generally unknown. We compared primary outcomes after laparoscopic and open appendectomy in a sample of predetermined statistical power.Methods: A pre-study power analysis suggested that 200 randomized patients would yield 80% power to show a mean decrease of 1.3 days hospitalization. One hundred ninety-eight patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis were randomized prospectively to laparoscopic or open appendectomy. The primary outcomes measured were duration of operative time, postoperative pain and analgesia, length of hospital stay and cosmetic advantages.Results: It was found that mean operation time was 33±5.8 minute and 37± 7.5 minute in OA and LA respectively. Duration of post-operative hospital stay was 1.2 days shorter in Laparoscopic group. LA required 1.1 shots of less analgesic than OA. Oral feeding was resumed 21 hours earlier following LA compared to OA. Laparoscpic appendectomy was safely performed in paediatric patient without any adverse effect. We also found that, in female patient, concurrent ovarian cysts, tubal pregnancy and endometriosis can be diagnosed and managed laparoscopically in the same sitting.Conclusions: Present study found that laparoscopic appendectomy is an effective and safe procedure irrespective of age and sex of the patient. LA has added advantage of early return of bowel movement, less post-op hospital stays and less requirement of narcotic analgesic.
A clinico-pathological study of posterior triangle neck swelling: a case series
Authors: Tonape Trupti , P. Lad Aditya , Shetty Iresh , Raval Bhoomi , Kumar Balasubramanian Sree
Published: September 2017

Background: The neck swelling is often surrounded by mystique in arriving at a diagnosis as well as in its management. There are many good approaches to a patient with a swelling in the neck.Methods: This study was done in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune. In this study, we have taken 30 cases in study group. Only posterior triangle neck swellings were considered during the study. Clinico-pathological co-relation was done during the study.Results: In the present study group of 30 patients we found 10 patients to be having Lymphadenitis which includes both tuberculous and non-tuberculous, 8 patients to be having lipoma, 4 patients to be having neck secondaries, 2 patients of cystic hygroma and 6 nonspecific causes like cavernous haemangioma, madelung disease, Kikuchi Fujimoto disease. Further histological co-relation was done.Conclusions: Incidence of different types of neck swellings were found and rare diseases like Madelung’s disease and Kikuchi fujimoto’s disease.
Addition of Braun enteroenterostomy to standard reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy: impact on early outcomes
Authors: Vutukuru Venkatarami Reddy , Gavini Sivaramakrishna , Chandrakasan Chandramaliteeswaran , Musunuru Brahmeshwara Rao , Settipalli Sarala
Published: September 2017

Background: Morbidity following Pancreaticoduodenectomy still remains high. Few studies have shown decrease in morbidity with the addition of Braun Enteroenterostomy (BEE). Aim of the present study was to determine any possible benefit with addition of BE to the standard reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, all patients who underwent Pancreaticoduodenectomy from June 2012 to July 2016 were included. They were randomized to undergo either standard reconstruction (Group A) or with addition of Braun Enteroenterostomy to standard reconstruction (Group B). Outcomes were compared between 2 groups and the results were analyzed. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: 104 patients were included in the study. Group A included 56 patients who underwent standard reconstruction and Group B had 48 patients who had addition of BEE to standard reconstruction. The demographic profile, tumour characteristics, and biochemical profile were similar in 2 groups. Mean operating time and Intra operative blood loss were similar. The incidence of pancreatic fistula (POPF) did not differ significantly in 2 groups (14/56, 25% in group A versus 8/48, 16.6% in group B; p = 0.42). The incidence of Delayed Gastric Emptying (DGE) was not statistically different in 2 groups (20/56, 35.7% in group A versus 12/48, 25% in group B; p=0.77). Infection rates were similar in two groups. Mean hospital stay was similar in both groups (11.2 days versus 10.7 days; p=0.68).Conclusions: The outcomes of patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy were not altered by addition of Braun Enteroenterostomy to standard reconstruction.
Helicobacter pylori risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital based case-control study
Authors: S. Rajesh , S. Reshma , Kamal V. Shruthi
Published: September 2017

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with dyspeptic symptoms and to compare the frequency of H. pylori infection in both groups.Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 196 subjects in the Department of General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (tertiary care hospital) from March 2016 to November 2016. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. type 2 diabetics with poor glycemic control with dyspeptic symptoms and non-diabetics with dyspeptic symptoms. Each group consisted of 98 patients. All type 2 diabetic patients of ≥35 years of age with poor glycemic control both gender and the known cases with history of dyspepsia, epigastric pain or bloating for more than a month were screened for helicobacter pylori infection. The collected data of both groups was evaluated and separated for analysisResults: Majority of the patients were male with mean age±SD, 50±12. Among the type II diabetic group with dyspeptic symptoms, H. pylori was positive in 70/98 (71.4%), whereas in non-diabetic group with dyspeptic symptoms H. pylori was positive in 51/98 (52%) cases.Conclusion: Type II diabetic patients with dyspeptic symptoms are more prone and at risk to acquire H. pylori infection. Therefore, proper monitoring of blood glucose level and screening for H. pylori infection are effective preventive measures for this chronic infection.
Abdominal tuberculosis: a clinical study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Krishnaswamy Jawahar , Rahaman Khalilur , S. Reshma , N. Bharath
Published: September 2017

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is the sixth most common form of extrapulmonary site of infection after lymphatic, genitourinary, bone and joint, miliary and meningeal TB with a rising incidence in recent years. Tuberculosis can affect any part of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract including anus, peritoneum and hepato-biliary system. The clinical manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis are non-specific and mimic various GI disorders and cause delay in diagnosis and management. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of abdominal tuberculosis, percentage of acute presentation, to study and analyse clinical presentation, various diagnostic modalities, role of surgery and to evaluate the spectrum of surgeries done for abdominal tuberculosisMethods: Study was done by analyzing 108 cases in our tertiary care hospital, Chennai, India, during the period of June 2015 to January 2016. All suspected and diagnosed cases of abdominal tuberculosis were included in the study. The relevant clinical information, laboratory results, microbiological and radiological investigations were recorded. Histopathological examination of all the resected or excised specimens was done to detect tuberculosis in all the cases.Results: Out of 108 cases with abdominal tuberculosis, the average age of presentation was between 21 and 40 years with a slight male predominance (male:female = 1.1:1). Abdominal pain (92%) was the most common presenting symptom followed by anorexia (70%), loss of weight (70%), and intestinal obstruction (13%). 29 cases underwent surgical management. All patients were put on anti-tubercular treatment and majority showed good response to therapy.Conclusions: Abdominal tuberculosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with vague GI symptoms. To diagnose abdominal tuberculosis, high degree of suspicion is needed, and its incidence being common in people with lower socioeconomic status. This study gives a basic outline of presentation, diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis in developing country.
Preoperative predictive factors for difficult laparoscopic appendectomy
Authors: Goel Anubhav , Bansal Ankur , Baliyan Anil
Published: September 2017

Background: An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix. Appendectomy may be performed laparoscopically or as an open operation. Laparoscopy is now often used as patient resumed normal activity within a shorter period than had been experienced with open appendectomy. Patients had a superior cosmetic result and experienced significantly less postoperative discomfort. In this study, we attempted to determine the predictors for difficult appendectomy using history and clinical examinations, preoperative laboratory data, ultrasonography findings and intraoperative finding.Methods: The study was conducted in Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. All patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2017 were included in the study. A detailed performa was developed to record information regarding patient history, physical examination, laboratory parameters, ultrasonography (USG) findings and intra-operative details. Laparoscopic appendectomy done in more than 120 minutes, converted into open due to difficulty in surgery and not due to complications, severe adhesions were considered to be a case of difficult appendectomy.Results: We found that the difficult laparoscopic appendectomy can be predicted preoperatively based on age >60 years, history of previous lower abdominal surgery, time of onset to surgery >24 hours, acute appendicitis and peri appendicular collection.Conclusions: There are very few reports to determine the predictors of difficult appendectomy and more research is required to establish it.
Comparison of mannheim peritonitis index and revised multiple organ failure score in predicting mortality and morbidity of patients with secondary peritonitis
Authors: Pattanaik S. K. , John A. , Kumar V. A.
Published: September 2017

Background: Secondary peritonitis carries high mortality and morbidity. Many scoring systems have been designed to assess its severity. This study was undertaken to compare the Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) and revised multiple organ failure score (Revised MOFS) in predicting the mortality and morbidity.Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken in adults operated for gastrointestinal perforation. Clinical and biochemical parameters as required for MPI and Revised MOFS were recorded. Each of the scores were divided under four categories; MPI <14, 14-21, 22-29 and >29; Revised MOFS 0, 1, 2 and >2. Data was compared for predicting mortality and morbidity. P-value, ROC curve and 95% CI were used as statistical tools.Results: Two thirds of 120 patients studied presented after 48 hours. MPI score of <14, 14-21, 21-29 and >29 had mortality of 0%, 2.2%, 27.2% and 50% respectively. ROC curve showed highest sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 70% respectively at MPI of 25. Significant value for mortality was obtained with MPI >25 (p= 0.000012) and with Revised MOFS >1 (p< 0.001); for morbidity with MPI >21 (p= 0.010) and with Revised MOFS >1 (p< 0.001). 20% patients with Revised MOFS zero were also morbid.Conclusions: Both MPI and Revised MOFS systems are good in predicting the mortality, but MPI is easy scoring system and a better option for predicting morbidity. MPI score >25 for mortality and >21 for morbidity are significant.
Posterior fossa metastasis of retinoblastoma accompanying a supratentorial second focus in a child: a case report
Authors: Yakar Fatih , Dogan Ihsan , Ozyurek Elif , Ozgural Onur , Eroglu Umit , Bozkurt Melih
Published: September 2017

The central nervous system, as a metastatic focus, has an extreme predisposition to retinoblastoma and has been indicated as the most common site for this disease. Herein, we report a 4-year-old girl presenting with multiple cranial metastases of retinoblastoma. To our knowledge, this presented case is valuable and significant in terms of being reported as the first cerebellar metastasis of retinoblastoma in the literature and removing this lesion together with supratentorial focus in a single operation with a single skin incision.
Delayed diagnosis of traumatic posterior hip dislocation in a 6-year-old girl with 6 years follow up: a case report
Authors: Kwesi Baidoo Paa , Adegah Boniface
Published: September 2017

Though uncommon, cases of traumatic hip dislocation have been reported in children worldwide. Averagely, it is recommended that the acceptable duration for reduction after such dislocations is about 6 hours. Even with that there is about 5% documented chance of developing avascular necrosis of the head of the femur. The incidence of avascular necrosis increases with delayed relocation of the femoral head. We report a case involving a 6-year-old girl with a 2-week delayed diagnosis of a left posterior hip dislocation that was reduced and followed up for 6 years.
Inverting the laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case of acute biliary pancreatitis in situs inversus
Authors: Ahmad Raheel , Shafique Muhammad S. , Ahmad Sheikh H. , Mehmood Saqib , Khan Jahangir S.
Published: September 2017

A 57-year-old female presented in Outpatient Department with complaints of left upper abdominal pain for last 5 days. She had left hypochondrial and epigastric tenderness with apex beat palpable in right 5th intercostal space. Diagnostic work-up revealed acute biliary pancreatitis with situs inversus totalis. Abdominal sonogram showed left sided distended gallbladder with multiple stones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done after initial stabilization of the patient. Patient’s recovery was uneventful in the postoperative period.
Thenar intramuscular lipoma: a rare case report
Authors: Kumar Atish , Priya Dharani , S. Jayesh , Kataria Kamal
Published: September 2017

Lipoma, though one of the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasms, its presentation in hand is very rare. It can be located in various planes. Intramuscular lipomas are uncommon and usually occur in the proximal muscles of the extremities. Intramuscular lipoma of hand is extremely rare and only very few cases have been reported in the literature. Lipomas of hand may present with neurovascular deficit due to compression. We present here an unusual case of intramuscular lipoma of thenar region with no neurovascular deficit which was surgically excised under local anaesthesia with good cosmetic and functional outcome.
Lipoma, the universal tumor: in a rare location
Authors: Prajapati Devendra K. , Mahajan Salil , Prajapati Jyoti M.
Published: September 2017

Lipoma is universal and abundantly located benign soft tissue tumor, which is composed of fat cells. These tumors often develop where adipose tissue is predominant. Lipomas are soft to firm/cystic, usually movable, and painless. They grow very slowly, and have rarely found to be cancerous. However, these are rarely localized in the plantar aspect of the foot. Here we find out a large benign tumor located in the planter surface of foot, finally diagnosed by histopathological examination.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour over the posterior triangle of neck: a rare case report
Authors: Chavan Shahaji , Bhatnagar Shubhi P. , Bendre Mahendra , Dnyanmote Anuradha , Kshirsagar Vinayak , Sinha Nilesh , Thiyagarajan Amrithraj
Published: September 2017

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is an extremely rare soft tissue sarcoma which usually arises from peripheral nerves or somatic soft tissue with an incidence of 0.001%. It’s most common anatomical sites are the proximal portions of the upper and lower extremities and the trunk and it’s extremely rare for such a tumour to occur elsewhere in the body. We report a rare case of such a tumour over the left posterior aspect of neck in a 28-year-old female patient. We have reviewed this case in terms of clinical presentation, investigations, surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy and have shortly described our experience. MRI and CT neck supported the diagnosis of this tumour. Fine needle aspiration cytology taken from the swelling revealed a low-grade spindle cell tumour with a possibility of MPNST. Excision of the tumour was done and the excised specimen was sent for histopathological examination which revealed MPNST. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given postoperatively. At a 6-month follow-up, patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence. Suspicion of this tumour should be raised in a rapidly growing painless tumour in and around a nerve tissue. Diagnosis is made by assessing a combination of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemistry features. Complete surgical removal should be the goal of treatment with definitive histological diagnosis. A regular follow up is recommended to confirm any recurrence or metastasis.
A Hepatic hydatid cyst: four case reports
Authors: Naik Suresh , Yadav Nagendra , Alam Firoz , Khandarpa Akhil
Published: September 2017

We report four cases who were referred to Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital, Pune suffering from abdominal pain and gastrointestinal manifestations. The patients' history was unremarkable, except that they had contact with dogs and live in rural communities. Laboratory findings showed peripheral blood eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and elevated liver enzymes. Ultrasonography showed well-circumscribed cystic masses in the liver. Diagnosis of hydatid cysts was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Surgical treatment was performed and all patients recovered well. The results of these cases support the nation that CT scan can led to increased clarity, regarding surgical management, because of discordance between radiographic and laboratory findings.
An unusual presentation of branchial cyst mimicking carotid body tumor
Authors: C. Tharun Ganapathy , Suresh Abinayaah , P. Manimaran
Published: September 2017

Branchial cleft anomalies are a common cause of lateral neck masses and may present with infection, cyst enlargement or fistulae. Abscesses and necrotic adenopathy can also be difficult to distinguish from a branchial cyst, particularly if it has previously been infected. Here we report an unusual presentation, a case of a branchial cleft cyst in a 19-year old girl completely encasing the carotid bifurcation and encircling the hypoglossal nerve mimicking a carotid body tumour
Sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from diabetic sores to antibiotics
Authors: Umoh,  John A. Udobang Emmanuel I. Etim, Emem E.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is peripheral neuropathy which among other effects causes loss of coordination of muscle groups in the foot, formation of callus which separates and an unclear easily infected by microorganisms appears. Objective: An attempt to establish the relationship between the bacteriology of the diabetic sores, the diabetic status of each patient, and the effect of the duo on sore healing was investigated. Method: Swab specimens of sores from 48 patients of both sexes (38 diabetic and 10 none-diabetic) was obtained for culture and sensitivity analysis. Every patient was placed on therapy which involved daily sore dressing, oral antimicrobial administration, and appropriate individualized anti-diabetic treatment. Each patients sore was evaluated two weeks after cessation of antimicrobial therapy. Results: A total of 48 isolates were recovered consisting of Staphylococcus aureus (62.5%), Echericia coli (20.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7%). Antibiograms showed microbial resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracycline; partial sensitivity to chloroamphenicol, gentamycin, erythromycin, and septrin. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were the most effective with as much as 100% sensitivity in vitro. The study found no disparity between diabetic sores and non-diabetic sores with regards to identity and sensitivity profiles of the isolated organism. The results of therapy and subsequent follow-up showed an overall 86.9% resolution of the sores 100% in the non-diabetic and 83.3% in the diabetics. A culture of the unresolved diabetic sores yielded no microbial growth indicating a corroboration between in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of isolated microorganism. Two of the diabetic with unresolved sore had attained normoglycermia. Conclusion: The study revealed that although infection and inappropriate wound care impede sore healing, hyperglycemia was undoubtedly the Achilles’ heel of patients with diabetic sores and concludes that optimum blood glucose control, effective wound care, and combating infection with antibiogram – based antibiotic therapy, are collectively of immense importance in the resolution of diabetic sores.
Morbidly Adherent Placenta-A Recently Emerging Menace
Authors: Dr. Rama Garg, Dr.Ruchi Jindal Dr. Khushpreet Kaur, Dr.Arvinder Kaur,
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Placenta accreta once a rare occurrence is now becoming anincreasingly common complication of pregnancy mainly due to increasing rate of caesarean deliveries. Aims and Objectives: To determine the incidence,causes. Risk factors of increasing rate of placenta accreta and to evaluate its outcome. Material and Methods:It is a prospective study of patients presenting to department of OBG,Govt. Medical College,Patiala between 1-2-2016 to 31-7-2017(one and half year study).All patients with morbid adherent placenta were included. Results:The incidence of placenta accreta in our study is 1 in 630,majority of which are associated with previous LSCS and placenta previa.Thus we identify that the major risk factors for placenta accreta are increasing order of prior caesarean deliveries and coexixting placenta previa. Conclusion:In our study with proper anticipation,analysis and antenatal assessment we made prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta in majority of the cases,this provided us a golden opportunity to make a planned multidisciplinary team approach for its management to achieve minimal mortality and acceptable morbidity.Hence antenatal diagnosis of the condition gives us preparedness.
Electrocardiographic Changes and Its Correlation with Three Months Outcome in Patients of Stroke
Authors: Dr Marcia Waran, Dr Arun Tyagi Dr Mugdha Lakhotia,Dr A. K. Srivastava
Published: September 2017

Background Stroke is on the rise in India with great impact on morbidity and mortality. One of the factors associated with poor outcome among stroke patients are some electrocardiographic (ECG) changes resulting from massive autonomic discharge that interferes with cardiac autonomic control. Objective To determine ECG changes and three months outcomes of patients admitted with new onset stroke at a tertiary care teaching hospital in western India. Methodology 160 patients with new onset stroke regardless of its type were enrolled in the study. All eligible patients underwent 12 lead resting ECGs. These patients were then followed up at one and three months from the day of enrollment for determination of their survival/morbidity and mortality outcomes. Results Nine ECG patterns were identified out of which left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), ischemic changes and QT Prolongation were dominant (83.1%, 63.1% and 50.6% respectively). QT prolongation and Ischemic changes were found to be statistically significant in predicting outcomes at 1-month and at 3-months (p
Editorial - Challenges and Pathways of Teaching, Research and Extension in International Relations in Brazil
Authors: Ramanzini Junior Haroldo , Lima Thiago
Published: September 2017

Apresentação geral do Dossiê Desafios e Caminhos do Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Relações Internacionais no Brasil.
Academy versus Reality
Authors: Pecequilo Cristina Soreanu
Published: September 2017

The area of International Relations in Brazil has undergoing several transformations in the last forty years, presenting phases of enlargement and growth, as well as with significant challenges in the teaching and research field. The goal of this article is to analyze which are the advancements and setbacks of the area, by comparing the practical and the academic reality, evaluating existing trends of stagnation and strengthening.
Contribuições do Aprendizado Ativo ao Estudo das Relações Internacionais nas universidades brasileiras
Authors: Inoue Cristina Yumie Aoki , Valença Marcelo M.
Published: September 2017

The article has two main goals. The first is to introduce the active learning conceptual framework tools and apply it to International Relations scholarship as a tool to enhance learning in undergraduate courses.  The second is to propose that, despite representing a break with traditional pedagogical models, active learning offers ideal conditions for use in Brazilian higher education, as it would help to overcome limitations commonly found in our universities.
O caso prático como método de ensino em teoria das relações internacionais: o programa nuclear iraniano segundo os níveis de análise
Authors: Carvalho Pinto Vânia , Correa Humberto , De Medeiros Fernanda
Published: September 2017

This article presents the practical case as an important instrument for the development of active learning within the context of teaching theory of international relations for undergraduate students. Focusing on stimulating learning and on knowledge retention of the concept of levels of analysis, this article details the application of a practical case about the Iranian nuclear program, and its respective resolution in the classroom.
O ensino de Relações Internacionais e o cinema: reflexões sobre o uso de filmes como uma ferramenta pedagógica
Authors: Koehler Zanella Cristine , Neves Jr. Edson José
Published: September 2017

This article evaluates the potentials and limits of using films to teach International Relations by taking into account the perception achieved by students from two different classes in Brazil, one from the Federal University of Uberlândia (MG) and another from the University Vila Velha (ES). Among the several conclusions, the most substantial one is that films – even the most didactic ones, such as documentaries – require some mediation by professor(s) in order to organize and enable learning.
Comparando Estratégias de Operacionalização de Variáveis em Relações Internacionais: a mensuração de capacidades do poder nacional
Authors: Menezes Teixeira Júnior Augusto Wagner , Sousa Valéria De Moura , Leite Alexandre César Cunha
Published: September 2017

The present paper investigates the connection between theories and empirical research methods in International Relations. From the study of the theoretical concept of power, it compares different strategies of operationalization of its variables. The formulas of power and indices of national capabilities are analyzed We conclude that national capabilities measurement strategies can be useful pedagogically for the teaching and research in the field of International Relations.
The library space as a center of the cultural life of Leningrad citizens in the 1950s - early 1960s
Authors: Yarmolich F. K.
Published: September 2017

The article is devoted to a tool for including Leningrad citizens in the socio-political and cultural context of the USSR development. The article objective is to demonstrate the mechanism and forms of this process on materials of Leningrad libraries. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks are being accomplished. First, the library space system has been recreated, which included city, district, garden and park and other types of libraries. Secondly, the library activity forms are described. Third, attention is focused on a differentiated approach to work with different categories of citizens. The article is based on archival material collected in three archives of St. Petersburg. To create an objective picture of Leningrad realities in the 1950s - early 1960s several categories of documents were used: reporting documentation, correspondence, minutes of party and production meetings. The combination of such groups, different in their information content of documents, allowed criticizing sources, revealing information that reflected the point of view of the institution and to some extent changed realities of the 1950s - early 1960s, etc.
Conrad Gessner is the father of West European bibliography (to 500th anniversary of the author of «Bibliotheca Universalis»)
Authors: Leonov V. P.
Published: September 2017

The article consists of two parts. The first is dedicated to the 500th anniversary of Conrad Gessner (1516-1565), an outstanding Swiss scholar and bibliographer. He entered the history of bibliography and librarianship as a compiler of «Bibliotheca Universalis» published in 1545 at Christopher Froshower’s Printing House in Zurich. «Bibliotheca Universalis» is the first attempt to create an international bibliography of books printed in Greek, Latin and Judish, as well as biographical information about authors and their writings. In total, he described about 15,000 books belonging to almost five thousand authors. Over 12,000 books were systematized according to 21 sections (pandects), which had more than 250 subject-thematic headings. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the bibliographic language of «Bibliotheca Universalis». The second part of the article contains a description of the jubilee events dedicated to Conrad Hessner. They were the following: 1916 - the 400th anniversary celebration in Chicago; 1965 - meeting in Oxford, and 2016 - program of events in Switzerland.
A special event as a tool to implement PR-technologies in the library
Authors: Sergeeva A. Yu. , Turanina N. A.
Published: September 2017

Currently public relations are an integral part of management and a vital technology of our modern society. Especially the fact is undoubted that any organization activity nowadays is closely connected with the surrounding society and development of various kinds of contacts, libraries are no exception. Therefore, as a socio-cultural institution a library can’t ignore the effect of public relations on its activities. In addition, the time requires developing new mechanisms of libraries work, among them organizing a specific event is a PR perspective direction and tool. In market conditions this tool plays a significant role in improving the library image, and becomes an integral part of library work. In this regard, the study goal is to reveal the specificity of organizing a special event as a tool of public relations. The study objectives are the following: to reveal the essence of public relations and basic tools, to consider the problem of organizing of public relations in references, to justify the necessity of using special events as a tool of public relations, to describe the features of organizing special events, to develop a program of special events, namely opening the club «Literary Universe». The authors describe the stages of organizing special events in detail and offer various options to fill their contents. They have elaborated a special event program: opening the club «Literary Universe». The club aims to attract the youth to a library establishment and to make familiar this age group with the best works of Russian and foreign literature. The club opening ceremony consists of several stages: assessing the existing situation, setting goals and objectives, defining the target groups, time and place, estimating a budget, a scenario preparation, information support, evaluating the event effectiveness. Detailed characteristics of the above stages are presented in the article.
«Library as a territory of the Russian language existence and promotion»: a scientific library special project
Authors: Pronina L. A.
Published: September 2017

The problem analysis dealing with the Russian language preservation and promotion, including the Internet space, has shown the necessity to develop a special project «Library as a territory of the Russian language existence and promotion» on the basis of a system-integrated approach. Seven basic tasks were singled out involving all structural units of the library: to expand using the standard Russian literary language, to improve the quality of teaching Russian regardless of people’s residence, to support activities in the field of the Russian language study, to promote the Russian language throughout the world including by the Internet, to develop a set of measures to revive the interest in reading, to expand the availability of Russian classical literature works, to support literary creativity. The project objective is to improve the Russian language quality within the society different categories, and to raise the Russian language presence in the information space. The approach implemented within the project allows developing the library activity system determining the structural unit functions with identification of the most effective techniques, technologies, forms and methods of work for a specific target audience. Each problem is solved by a set of forms, methods, techniques, new formats, that allows optimizing the library multifunctional activity and making it effective and qualitative. The library monitors implementation of the project each aspects, develops social partnerships, and strengthens the library image.