bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of bone remodelling after cementless hip arthroplasty using different stems
Authors: Brodt Steffen , Matziolis Georg , Buckwitz Bettina , Zippelius Timo , Strube Patrick , Roth Andreas
Published: June 2020

The present paper is concerned with the investigation of the phenomenon of long-term bone remodelling on cementless hip replacements. Changes in bone density in the periprosthetic region around the stem, measured by dual X–ray absorptiometry (DXA), were used as a measure of the osseous adaptation reaction. A postoperative follow-up of the use of four different types of prostheses of varying design after on average 13.3 (11.4–14.5) years. Specifically, the prostheses assessed in this study were the CLS/Spotorno stem with the Allofit cup by Zimmer, the Vision 2000 stem with the Duraloc cup by DePuy Synthes, the AlphaFit stem with the AlphaLock cup by Corin and the Mayo stem with the Trilogy cup by Zimmer. For the DXA measurement, the femur was divided into the zones suggested by Gruenet al. On the femur, there was a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal Region Of Interest (ROI) 1 (p = 0.003) and 7 (p < 0.001), whilst there was a significant increase in ROI 4 (p = 0.03). A greater degree of bone atrophy was seen in patients aged 60 years and older and in female patients. A remarkable finding when comparing the stems was a significantly greater reduction in BMD in ROI 6 (p = 0.003) in the case of the Vision 2000 stem and a markedly, but not statistically significantly smaller reduction in BMD in ROI 7 (p = 0.18) in the case of the short-stem Mayo-type prosthesis. The best clinical results were found with the use of the latter. The investigations provide a starting point for establishing a differential indication in the choice of prosthesis types, depending on age and sex, the use of short-stem prostheses, as well as the administration of bone-effective drugs for the prevention of stress shielding.
Development of microencapsulated anthocyanin-rich powder using soy protein isolate, jackfruit seed starch and an emulsifier (NBRE-15) as encapsulating materials
Authors: Patel Avinash Singh , Kar Abhijit , Mohapatra Debabandya
Published: June 2020

A trend of present encapsulation research indicates an increased interest in the search for natural encapsulants for bioactive phytochemicals. The present study in pursuit of the same studies the use of jackfruit seed starch (JSS), an underutilized natural polysaccharide in conjugation with soy protein isolate (SPI) as an encapsulating material and NBRE-15 as an emulsifier. Three independent variables viz., total soluble solids (TSS, 20, 25 and 30° Brix), SPI: JSS (1:1, 1:3 and 1:5) and NBRE-15 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) were optimized for achieving the most efficient encapsulation of anthocyanin using a three level, three parameter, Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the Design of Experiments (DOE). The responses considered for the optimization were monomeric anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency. A combination of 27.0% TSS, 1:5 SPI: JSS ratio and 0.3% NBRE-15 was found to be optimum for the encapsulation of anthocyanin with the desirability of 92.6%. Microcapsules obtained using the optimized combination of independent variables was found to contain 3215.59 mg/100 g monomeric anthocyanin. The antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency of the encapsulated material obtained using optimized combinations of independent variable were found to be 365.26 µmol Trolox/g and 89.71%, respectively. The microcapsules were also additionally analyzed for the particle size distribution and morphological characterization. Particle size analysis indicated that the microcapsules obtained had a mean particle size of 60.97 µm. Scanning electron microscopy for morphological characterization indicated that the microcapsules so obtained were oval to round in shape and had a smooth surface. Storage studies to estimate the half-life of anthocyanin in the microcapsule at room temperature (37 °C) clearly indicated greater stability i.e. 63 days when stored under amber-colored vial compared to only 35 days when stored under clear transparent vial.
Enhancing the anti-tumour activity of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate radionuclide therapy in somatostatin receptor-2 expressing tumour models by targeting PARP
Authors: Cullinane Carleen , Waldeck Kelly , Kirby Laura , Rogers Buck E. , Eu Peter , Tothill Richard W. , Hicks Rodney J.
Published: June 2020

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an important treatment option for patients with somatostatin receptor-2 (SSTR2)-expressing neuroendocrine tumour (NET) though tumour regression occurs in only a minority of patients. Therefore, novel PRRT regimens with improved therapeutic activity are needed. Radiation induced DNA damage repair is an attractive therapeutic target to increase PRRT efficacy and consequently, we have characterised a panel of preclinical models for their SSTR2 expression, in vivo growth properties and response to 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate (LuTate) PRRT to identify models with features suitable for evaluating novel therapeutic combinations. In vitro studies using the SSTR2 expressing AR42J model demonstrate that the combination of LuTate and the small molecule Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) inhibitor, talazoparib led to increased DNA double strand breaks, as assessed by γ-H2AX foci formation, as compared to LuTate alone. Furthermore, using the AR42J tumour model in vivo we demonstrate that the combination of LuTate and talazoparib significantly improved the anti-tumour efficacy of LuTate alone. These findings support the clinical evaluation of the combination of LuTate and PARP inhibition in SSTR2-expressing NET.
Monosialoganglioside GM1 reduces toxicity of Ptx and increase anti-metastasic effect in a murine mammary cancer model
Authors: Leonhard Victoria , Alasino Roxana V. , Pasqualini María E. , Cremonezzi David C. , García Néstor H. , Beltramo Dante M.
Published: June 2020

Having demonstrated the ability of monosialoganglioside GM1 micelles as oncology drug transporter, this work focuses on evaluating its application in anin vivosystem, studying the toxicity and antitumoral effect of GM1-Ptx micellar formulation. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) obtained after intravenous administration of GM1-Ptx in mice was 55 mg/kg and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) was 70 mg/kg. This value is higher than those described for the commercial formulations TAXOL and ABRAXANE, with LD50 of 30 and 45 mg/kg respectively. The antitumor activity, mortality and incidence of metastasis were studied on a murine model of mammary gland cancer. The GM1-Ptx formulation was administered i.v. at different doses for 9 weeks using empty GM1 micelles and saline as treatment controls. Once the treatments were completed, biochemical markers were quantified and histological tissue tests were performed. The most promising results were obtained with the treatment at a dose of 15 mg/kg/twice a week, condition in which a longer survival and significant reduction in the incidence of animals with metastasis, since only one 25% of the mice showed presence of pulmonary micro metastases.
Immunity of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to ionizing radiation
Authors: Montoya Eric Arturo , Chen Jen-Ru , Ngelale Randy , Lee Han Kyu , Tseng Hsin-Wei , Wan Lei , Yang En , Braganca Patrick , Boyraz Ozdal , Bagherzadeh Nader , Nilsson Mikael , Krivorotov Ilya N.
Published: June 2020

Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising candidate for next generation memory as it is non-volatile, fast, and has unlimited endurance. Another important aspect of STT-MRAM is that its core component, the nanoscale magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. However, studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the STT-MRAM writing process are lacking for MTJs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (pMTJs) required for scalable applications. Particularly, the question of the impact of extreme total ionizing dose on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which plays a crucial role on thermal stability and critical writing current, remains open. Here we report measurements of the impact of high doses of gamma and neutron radiation on nanoscale pMTJs used in STT-MRAM. We characterize the tunneling magnetoresistance, the magnetic field switching, and the current-induced switching before and after irradiation. Our results demonstrate that all these key properties of nanoscale MTJs relevant to STT-MRAM applications are robust against ionizing radiation. Additionally, we perform experiments on thermally driven stochastic switching in the gamma ray environment. These results indicate that nanoscale MTJs are promising building blocks for radiation-hard non-von Neumann computing.
Clear aligners for maxillary anterior en masse retraction: a 3D finite element study
Authors: Jiang Ting , Wu Rui Ying , Wang Jian Kai , Wang Hong Hong , Tang Guo Hua
Published: June 2020

To evaluate tooth behaviours under various maxillary incisor retraction protocols for clear aligner therapy. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition was constructed for first premolar extraction. A loading method was developed to mimic the mode of action of clear aligners for incisor en masse retraction. Three protocols with different amounts of retraction and intrusion on incisors were designed. Initial tooth displacements and stresses on periodontal ligaments were analysed with ANSYS software. The central (U1) and lateral (U2) incisors exhibited uncontrolled lingual tipping and extrusion upon 0.25 mm retraction. U1 exhibited translation movement, while U2 underwent less tipping during 0.2 mm retraction and 0.15 mm intrusion. Labial tipping and intrusion of U1 and bodily intrusion of U2 were observed during 0.1 mm of retraction and 0.23 mm of intrusion. With the additional intrusion on incisors, canine showed extrusion movement, and higher stresses on periodontal ligaments were shifted from U2 to canines. Incisors also exhibited different mesial-distal angulation in the three simulations, while posterior teeth all suffered mesial inclination. Incorporating intrusion displacement in clear aligners led to a tendency of lingual root movement during incisor retraction. The complexity of tooth movement should be recognized regarding clear aligner therapy.
Altered sensory system activity and connectivity patterns in adductor spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Mantel Tobias , Dresel Christian , Welte Michael , Meindl Tobias , Jochim Angela , Zimmer Claus , Haslinger Bernhard
Published: June 2020

Adductor-type spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) manifests in effortful speech temporarily relievable by botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A). Previously, abnormal structure, phonation-related and resting-state sensorimotor abnormalities as well as peripheral tactile thresholds in ADSD were described. This study aimed at assessing abnormal central tactile processing patterns, their spatial relation with dysfunctional resting-state connectivity, and their BoNT-A responsiveness. Functional MRI in 14/12 ADSD patients before/under BoNT-A effect and 15 controls was performed (i) during automatized tactile stimulus application to face/hand, and (ii) at rest. Between-group differential stimulation-induced activation and resting-state connectivity (regional homogeneity, connectivity strength within selected sensory(motor) networks), as well as within-patient BoNT-A effects on these differences were investigated. Contralateral-to-stimulation overactivity in ADSD before BoNT-A involved primary and secondary somatosensory representations, along with abnormalities in higher-order parietal, insular, temporal or premotor cortices. Dysphonic impairment in ADSD positively associated with left-hemispheric temporal activity. Connectivity was increased within right premotor (sensorimotor network), left primary auditory cortex (auditory network), and regionally reduced at the temporoparietal junction. Activation/connectivity before/after BoNT-A within-patients did not significantly differ. Abnormal ADSD central somatosensory processing supports its significance as common pathophysiologic focal dystonia trait. Abnormal temporal cortex tactile processing and resting-state connectivity might hint at abnormal cross-modal sensory interactions.
Phase evolution, morphological, optical and electrical properties of femtosecond pulsed laser deposited TiO2 thin films
Authors: Kumi-Barimah E. , Penhale-Jones R. , Salimian A. , Upadhyaya H. , Hasnath A. , Jose G.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we report anatase and rutile titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticulate thin films fabricated on silica and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates using femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fs-PLD). Depositions were carried-out at substrate temperatures of 25 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C from anatase and rutile phase target materials. Effect of substrate temperature on the surface morphology, microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of these films were systematically investigated by using various range of measurements such as scanning electron microscopy, (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–visible-near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, and Hall Effect measurements. It is observed that the TiO2 thin films surface are predominated with nanoparticulates of diameter less 35 nm, which constitute about ~ 70%; while the optical bandgaps and electrical resistivity decrease with increasing substrate temperature. A mixed-phase (anatase/rutile) TiO2 thin film was produced at a substrate temperature of 400 °C when samples are fabricated with anatase and rutile target materials. The results of this study indicate that the structural and crystallinity, optical, and electrical properties can be controlled by varying fs-PLD process parameters to prepare TiO2 thin films, which are suitable for applications in photovoltaics, solar cells, and photo-catalysis.
No evidence for a relationship between MHC heterozygosity and life history strategy in a sample of North American undergraduates
Authors: Murray Damian R. , Moran James B. , Prokosch Marjorie L. , Kerry Nicholas
Published: June 2020

Although allelic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has implications for adaptive immunity, mate choice, and social signalling, how diversity at the MHC influences the calibration of life history strategies remains largely uninvestigated. The current study investigated whether greater MHC heterozygosity was associated with markers of slower life history strategies in a sample of 789 North American undergraduates. Contrary to preregistered predictions and to previously published findings, MHC heterozygosity was not related to any of the psychological life history-relevant variables measured (including short- vs. long-term sexual strategy, temporal discounting, the Arizona life history battery, past and current health, disgust sensitivity, and Big Five personality traits). Further, no meaningful effects emerged when analysing women and men separately. Possible reasons for why the current results are inconsistent with previous work are discussed.
Promoting electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia via Fe-boosted nitrogen activation on MnO2 surfaces
Authors: Huang Ting , Liu Zaichun , Zhang Yu , Wang Faxing , Wen Juan , Wang Chengyin , Hossain Masud , Xie Qingji , Yao Shouzhuo , Wu Yuping
Published: June 2020

Fe-doped MnO2 shows excellent NRR behaviour including a high faradaic efficiency of 16.8%, a high NH3 formation rate of 39.2 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.29 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4, and good stability.
Silk degumming time controls horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogel properties
Authors: Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Choi Jaewon , Hasturk Onur , Laubach Isabel , Descoteaux Marc L. , Mosurkal Shreyas , Wang Boyang , Zhang Nina , Kaplan David L.
Published: June 2020

We report a fundamental study on effect of different silk degumming time on biomaterial properties of enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels.
Bioactive, degradable and multi-functional three-dimensional membranous scaffolds of bioglass and alginate composites for tissue regenerative applications
Authors: Bargavi P. , Ramya R. , Chitra S. , Vijayakumari S. , Riju Chandran R. , Durgalakshmi D. , Rajashree P. , Balakumar S.
Published: June 2020

Multifunctional bioactive hydrogel ECM like membrane for 3D dynamic tissue/disease modelling.
Recent advances in improving tumor-targeted delivery of imaging nanoprobes
Authors: Zhang Qianyi , Liang Jieying , Yun Sung Lai Jimmy , Liang Kang , Yang Dayong , Gu Zi
Published: June 2020

This review discusses various recent strategies based on different targeting ligands to improve the tumor-specific targeting of nanoprobes toward precision imaging diagnosis.
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes for in vivo imaging of enzymatic activity
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Weng Jianhui , Wen Xidan , Hu Yuxuan , Ye Deju
Published: June 2020

Stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes into nanostructures has been promising for the construction of molecular probes for in vivo imaging.
Dehydrogenation of formic acid over Pd/C catalysts: insight into the cold plasma treatment
Authors: Di Lanbo , Zhang Jingsen , Craven Michael , Wang Yaolin , Wang Hongyang , Zhang Xiuling , Tu Xin
Published: June 2020

Non-thermal plasma treatment has great potential to open a fast and green route for controllable synthesis of highly active supported metal catalysts.
Bis-cycloheptyl-fused bis(imino)pyridine-cobalt catalysts for PE wax formation: positive effects of fluoride substitution on catalytic performance and thermal stability
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Wu Ningning , Xiang Junfeng , Solan Gregory A. , Suo Hongyi , Ma Yanping , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: June 2020

The depicted ethylene polymerization catalysts exhibited optimal activities at 60 °C forming low molecular weight PE waxes;ortho-F substitution proved beneficial.
The red admiral butterfly’s living light sensors and signals
Authors: Pirih Primož , Meglič Andrej , Stavenga Doekele , Arikawa Kentaro , Belušič Gregor
Published: June 2020

The eye lattice of the red admiral butterfly is revealed by optical retinography.
Highly dispersed ultrafine Ni particles embedded into MOF-74 arrays by partial carbonization for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tan Jing-Bo , Wu Jing-Qi , Zhao Jia-Wei , Xie Ling-Jie , Li Gao-Ren
Published: June 2020

Here, we report the successful fabrication of highly dispersed ultrafine Ni nanoparticles (NPs) embraced into the partially carbonized Ni-MOF-74 (Ni NPs/C@Ni-MOF-74) microrod arrays by the heat treatment of the rod-like Ni-MOF-74 arrays grown on Ni foam.
Substance use disorders: leading the road to recovery
Authors: Dennis Emily K. , Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie
Published: June 2020

Substance use disorders are diseases of the brain that create a dependency to various drugs. This opinion article provides an overview of the treatments available for these disorders and a perspective of what remains to be done on the road to recovery.
The influence of the fluid nature on femtosecond laser ablation properties of a SiO2/Si target and synthesis of ultrafine-grained Si nanoparticles
Authors: Lasemi Niusha , Rentenberger Christian , Liedl Gerhard , Eder Dominik
Published: June 2020

Femtosecond laser assisted formation of ultrafine-grained Si NPs with a high density of defects. This can correlate with significant thermal stresses on primary NPs, fast cooling of ejected liquid droplets and incomplete ripening processes.
Chemical vapour deposition of graphene on copper–nickel alloys: the simulation of a thermodynamic and kinetic approach
Authors: Al-Hilfi Samir H. , Derby Brian , Martin Philip A. , Whitehead J. Christopher
Published: June 2020

The thermodynamic simulation shows that the deposition driving force is greatest for high carbon to hydrogen ratios and reaches a maximum around 850 °C.
Orally administered mesoporous silica capped with the cucurbit[8]uril complex to combat colitis and improve intestinal homeostasis by targeting the gut microbiota
Authors: Cheng Shujie , Shen Haowen , Zhao Sibo , Zhang Yuanxin , Xu Hui , Wang Lancheng , Di Bin , Xu Lili , Hu Chi
Published: June 2020

Cucurbit[8]uril was employed as a supramolecular linker to assemble chitosan/hyaluronic acid multilayers on the periphery of a mesoporous silica core to provide a synergistic gut microbiota-targeting approach for IBD therapy.
Impact of water on the lubricating properties of hexadecane at the nanoscale
Authors: Cafolla Clodomiro , Voïtchovsky Kislon
Published: June 2020

Nano-rheological measurements quantify the effect of ambient humidity on the local lubricating properties of hexadecane on hydrophilic mica as a function of temperature.
Electronic structural regulation of CoP nanorods by the tunable incorporation of oxygen for enhanced electrocatalytic activity during the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ma Yaru , Zhou Guangyao , Liu Zhenyuan , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen
Published: June 2020

We present a topological conversion method to prepare O-incorporated CoP (O-CoP) nanorods. Due to the 1D structure and incorporated O atoms, the O-CoP-3 nanorods exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance towards the HER.
P–N conversion of charge carrier types and high photoresponsive performance of composition modulated ternary alloy W(SxSe1−x)2field-effect transistors
Authors: Sun Huimin , Zhou Xin , Wang Xiang , Xu Liping , Zhang Jinzhong , Jiang Kai , Shang Liyan , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: June 2020

The AFM, structure and temperature-dependent electrical transfer curves of W(SxSe1−x)2nanosheet transistors.
ROY confined in hydrogen-bonded frameworks: coercing conformation of a chromophore
Authors: Tang Sishuang , Yusov Anna , Li Yuantao , Tan Melissa , Hao Yunhui , Li Zongzhe , Chen Yu-Sheng , Hu Chunhua T. , Kahr Bart , Ward Michael D.
Published: June 2020

The conformation of 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile, known as ROY for the Red-Orange-Yellow of its crystal polymorphs, is restricted by confinement in guanidinium organosulfonate hydrogen-bonded frameworks.
Dual N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalysis: a new strategy for radical processes
Authors: Liu Qiang , Chen Xiang-Yu
Published: June 2020

Dual N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalysis displays unique features compared with the traditional methods and indicates high potential for new radical processes.
DFT study on theE-stereoselective reductive A3-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with aldehydes and 3-pyrroline
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhang Xue , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2020

The mechanism of the Cu(i)-catalyzed reductive A3-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with aldehydes and 3-pyrroline for the synthesis ofE-allylic amines has been studied by DFT calculations.
Atomic dynamics of stress-induced lattice misalignment structures in a KDP subsurface
Authors: Hu Y. , Zhu Z. , Shao H. Z. , Xiao J. M. , Xu M. , Zhao L. , Zhuang J.
Published: June 2020

Compared with perfect KDP (PS), the dehydration paths and dehydration numbers in the lattice misalignment structures (LMS1, LMS2) increase significantly.
Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies
Authors: Sancho-Albero María , Medel-Martínez Ana , Martín-Duque Pilar
Published: June 2020

Exosomes as therapeutic carriers for advanced therapies.
Study of a nanocrystalline cobalt coating prepared by area-selective electrodeposition
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yao Zhengjun , Zhang Shasha , Moliar Oleksandr , Zhang Zelei
Published: June 2020

Nanocrystalline Co coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of a steel substrate by droplet contact electrodeposition.
In situ formation of phosphorus-doped porous graphene via laser induction
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Liu Ying , Li Qiushi , Wei Jie , Li Xueli , Zhang Yi , Liu Jiping
Published: June 2020

Laser-induced phosphorus-doped porous graphene for supercapacitors on PI/APP.
Arrayed nanopore silver thin films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Tian Qingkun , Chen Zhanghua , Zhao Cuicui , Chai Haishuai , Wu Qiong , Li Wengang , Chen Xinhua , Deng Yida , Song Yujun
Published: June 2020

Typical active substrates are crucial for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Mild deprotection of the N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (N-Boc) group using oxalyl chloride
Authors: George Nathaniel , Ofori Samuel , Parkin Sean , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: June 2020

We report a mild method for the selective deprotection of the N-Boc group from a structurally diverse set of compounds, encompassing aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic substrates by using oxalyl chloride in methanol.
In vitro evaluation of novel low-pressure spark plasma sintered HA–BG composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Genasan Krishnamurithy , Murali Malliga Raman , Balaji Raghavendran Hanumantha Rao , Alias Rodianah , Cheok Yi Ying , Wong Won Fen , Mansor Azura , Hamdi M. , Basirun Wan Jeffrey , Kamarul Tunku
Published: June 2020

HB 30 S composite scaffold inhibits Staphylococcus spp., supports the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and resists monocyte migration.
Introducing charge tag via click reaction in living cells for single cell mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhuang Meihui , Hou Zhuanghao , Chen Peiyao , Liang Gaolin , Huang Guangming
Published: June 2020

A charge tag is introduced in living cells via a biocompatible click reaction, which greatly increases the sensitivity for single cell mass spectrometry.
Nanostructured liquid-crystalline Li-ion conductors with high oxidation resistance: molecular design strategy towards safe and high-voltage-operation Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kuwabara Atsushi , Enomoto Mayu , Hosono Eiji , Hamaguchi Kazuma , Onuma Taira , Kajiyama Satoshi , Kato Takashi
Published: June 2020

Ion-conductive liquid-crystalline molecules with high-oxidation resistance, which were designed with density functional theory calculation, improved charge–discharge reactions in Li-ion batteries.
Ti-catalyzed ring-opening oxidative amination of methylenecyclopropanes with diazenes
Authors: Beaumier Evan P. , Ott Amy A. , Wen Xuelan , Davis-Gilbert Zachary W. , Wheeler T. Alexander , Topczewski Joseph J. , Goodpaster Jason D. , Tonks Ian A.
Published: June 2020

The ring-opening oxidative amination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) with diazenes catalyzed by py3TiCl2(NR) complexes is reported.
Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic spiranes via a decarboxylative aldol cyclization
Authors: Inanaga Kazato , Wollenburg Marco , Bachman Shoshana , Hafeman Nicholas J. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 1,3-diketospiranes from the corresponding racemic allyl β-ketoesters via an interrupted asymmetric allylic alkylation is disclosed.
Helix-constructed polar rare-earth iodate fluoride as a laser nonlinear optical multifunctional material
Authors: Peng Guang , Yang Yi , Yan Tao , Zhao Dan , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Ge , Lin Zheshuai , Ye Ning
Published: June 2020

The first trivalent rare-earth iodate fluoride nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, Y(IO3)2F (YIF), was successfully designed and synthesized, featuring polarization-favorable helical chains constructed fromtrans-YO6F2polyhedra and IO3groups.
Application of highly stable biochar catalysts for efficient pyrolysis of plastics: a readily accessible potential solution to a global waste crisis
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Lei Hanwu , Qian Moriko , Huo Erguang , Zhao Yunfeng , Zhang Qingfa , Mateo Wendy , Lin Xiaona , Kong Xiao , Zou Rongge , Ruan Roger
Published: June 2020

Biochar catalysts derived from corn stover and Douglas fir were employed for the catalytic pyrolysis of model low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and real waste plastics.
Controlling wet adhesion with elasticity
Authors: Duprat Camille , Noûs Camille , Protière Suzie
Published: June 2020

We consider the wet adhesion between two deformable fibers and identify an elastocapillary peeling regime, where the pull-off force remains constant trough debonding and is completely determined by a single dimensionless parameter.
Improvement of electrodeposited Sb2Se3 thin film photoelectroactivity by cobalt grain boundary modification
Authors: Costa Magno Barcelos , Lucas Francisco W. S. , Mascaro Lucia Helena
Published: June 2020

Cobalt-modified Sb2Se3 showed improved photoelectrochemical properties towards the HER and initial photocorrosion stability, which were associated with grain-boundary inversion.
An antibody–supermolecule conjugate for tumor-specific targeting of tumoricidal methylated β-cyclodextrin-threaded polyrotaxanes
Authors: Nishida Kei , Tamura Astushi , Kang Tae Woong , Masuda Hiroki , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: June 2020

A conjugate of an anti-HER2 antibody and polyrotaxane containing methylated β-cyclodextrins (Me-PRX) was designed to achieve a tumor-specific delivery of Me-PRX. The antibody–Me-PRX conjugates efficiently uptaken into HER2-positive cells and induced autophagic cell death.
A tumor-sensitive biological metal–organic complex for drug delivery and cancer therapy
Authors: Jiang Zelei , Wang Tong , Yuan Shuai , Wang Mengfan , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin
Published: June 2020

Tumor-sensitive bioMOC-Zn(Cys) was developed using an endogenous Zn2+ ion and l-cystine for the delivery of anti-cancer drug DOX. In vivo application of DOX@bioMOC-Zn(Cys) shows the increased inhibition of tumor growth and prevented side effects.
Polymer ligands induced remarkable spectral shifts in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Xiao Hui , Wei Yi , Dang Peipei , Liang Shuang , Cheng Ziyong , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: June 2020

The polymer ligand P–A simultaneously shears and passivates the surface of perovskite nanocrystals to obtain adjustable light emission.
Research progress and challenges of blue light-emitting diodes based on II–VI semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Qi Hui , Wang Shujie , Jiang Xiaohong , Fang Yan , Wang Aqiang , Shen Huaibin , Du Zuliang
Published: June 2020

The latest progress of blue light-emitting diodes based on II–VI semiconductor QDs was reviewed, covering the synthesis of blue QDs, device structures, carrier transport materials, interface regulation, and light outcoupling technology.
Emerging research in plant photosynthesis
Authors: Sharkey Thomas D.
Published: June 2020

Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and, most often, converting it to chemical energy stored as reduced carbon. It is the source of food, fuel, and fiber and there is a resurgent interest in basic research on photosynthesis. Plants make excellent use of visible light energy; leaves are ideally suited to optimize light use by having a large area per amount of material invested and also having leaf angles to optimize light utilization. It is thought that plants do not use green light but in fact they use green light better than blue light under some conditions. Leaves also have mechanisms to protect against excess light and how these work in a stochastic light environment is currently a very active area of current research. The speed at which photosynthesis can begin when leaves are first exposed to light and the speed of induction of protective mechanisms, as well as the speed at which protective mechanisms dissipate when light levels decline, have recently been explored. Research is also focused on reducing wasteful processes such as photorespiration, when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is used. Some success has been reported in altering the path of carbon in photorespiration but on closer inspection there appears to be unforeseen effects contributing to the good news. The stoichiometry of interaction of light reactions with carbon metabolism is rigid and the time constants vary tremendously presenting large challenges to regulatory mechanisms. Regulatory mechanisms will be the topic of photosynthesis research for some time to come.
Evaluating the robustness of image matting algorithm
Authors: Yuan Genji , Li Jinjiang , Fan Hui
Published: June 2020

In this study, the authors propose a method to calculate the consistency of alpha masking to assess the robustness of the matting algorithm. This study evaluates consistent alpha masks based on the Gaussian–Hermite moment in combination with gradient amplitude and gradient direction. The gradient direction describes the appearance and shape of local objects in the image, and the gradient amplitude accurately reflects the contrast and texture changes of small details in the image. They selected Gaussian blur, pretzel noise, and combined noise to destroy the image, and then evaluated the consistency of the original alpha mask and noise alpha mask. To determine the robustness of the matting algorithm, they assessed the degree of consistency of the alpha mask using three different evaluation levels. The experimental results show that noise has a greater impact on the performance of the matting algorithm, which shows a decreasing trend as the noise level in the image deepens. In noisy images, the traditional matting algorithm exhibits better robustness compared to the recently proposed trap matting algorithm. Different matting algorithms present different adaptations to different noises.
Unveiling the magnetic nature of chromospheric vortices
Authors: Murabito Mariarita , Shetye Juie , Stangalini Marco , Verwichte Erwin , Arber Tony , Ermolli Ilaria , Giorgi Fabrizio , Goffrey Tom
Published: June 2020

Context. Vortex structures in the Sun’s chromosphere are believed to channel energy between different layers of the solar atmosphere.

Aims. We investigate the nature and dynamics of two small-scale quiet-Sun rotating structures in the chromosphere.

Methods. We analysed two chromospheric structures that show clear rotational patterns in spectropolarimetric observations taken with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer at the Ca II 8542 Å line.

Results. We present the detection of spectropolarimetric signals that manifest the magnetic nature of rotating structures in the chromosphere. Our observations show two long-lived structures of plasma that each rotate clockwise inside a 10 arcsec2 quiet-Sun region. Their circular polarisation signals are five to ten times above the noise level. Line-of-sight Doppler velocity and horizontal velocity maps from the observations reveal clear plasma flows at and around the two structures. A magnetohydrodynamics simulation shows these two structures are plausibly magnetically connected. Wave analysis suggests that the observed rotational vortex pattern could be due to a combination of slow actual rotation and a faster azimuthal phase speed pattern of a magnetoacoustic mode.

Conclusions. Our results imply that the vortex structures observed in the Sun’s chromosphere are magnetic in nature and that they can be connected locally through the chromosphere
Nanodielectrics approaches to low-voltage organic transistors and circuits
Authors: Lee Seunghyuk , Han Heesung , Kim Chang-Hyun
Published: June 2020

In this review, advances in nanoscale dielectric materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are summarized. OFETs are highly promising device units for ultra-thin, light-weight, flexible, and wearable electronics systems, while the operating voltages of the reported devices are in many cases much higher than what is relevant to modern technological applications. Key aspects behind this issue are clarified in terms of basic transistor device physics, which translate into the important motivations for realizing nanodielectric-based low-voltage OFETs. Different possibilities of a device design are explained in detail by introducing important recent publications on each material class. Finally, several forward-looking remarks on the integration of nanodielectrics into next-generation OFETs are provided.
Random machine breakdown and stochastic corrective maintenance period on an economic production inventory model with buffer machine and safe period
Authors: Pal Brojeswar , Adhikari Subhankar
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we have developed an economic production quantity (EPQ) model in which production is executed mainly by the original machine. But when the system faces disruption, the buffer of it continues the production. Here, we incorporate a fixed Safe Period running policy, in which the machine runs interruptedly, whenever production commences. The disruption of the system may occur at any moment of the time horizon over the safe period, and then, it will go under the corrective maintenance policy. Here, we take that both of the time of disruption and period of maintenance are continuous random variables. We have discussed the model under different safe period duration with corresponding disruption situations. Our main objective is to minimize the expected average total cost for all the cases concerning the production lot size. The model has also been illustrated numerically with some examples. To examine the robustness of the solution of this model, we discuss the sensitivity analysis for the parameters.
Autoimmune Lebererkrankungen (AILE) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Grothues Dirk , Knoppke Birgit , Melter Michael
Published: June 2020

Autoimmune Lebererkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (pAILE) sind autoimmune Hepatitiden (AIH), sklerosierende Cholangitiden (SC) und post-neonatale Riesenzellhepatitis (PN-GCH). Die Diagnose pAIH basiert auf der Befundkonstellation (hepatische Inflammation, charakteristische Autoantikörper (AAK), erhöhte Gammaglobulin- oder IgG-Titer). Entsprechend der typischen AAK-Konstellation mit ANA und/oder SMA bei AIH-1 und LKM1 bei AIH-2 wird zwischen diesen differenziert. Zu den SC gehören bei pädiatrischen Patienten folgende Entitäten. Neonatale SC [SSC], SC mit autoimmunen Merkmalen (AIH-PSC-Overlap; Autoimmun-SC [ASC]), primär-sklerosierende Cholangitis [PSC] und sekundäre SC [SSC]. Alle pAILE-Gruppen sind häufig mit anderen (auto)immunen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Da insbesondere die AIH, ASC und PN-GCH unbehandelt zu einer raschen Progredienz führen, ist eine frühzeitige Diagnostik wichtig. AIH, ASC und PN-GCH werden immunsuppressiv behandelt. Für die PSC ist keine kausale Therapie bekannt. Im Falle eines Leberversagens besteht für alle pAILE- Formen eine Indikation zur Lebertransplantation. Dabei ist ein Rezidivrisiko post-transplantationem für alle pAILE-Formen bekannt.
Stellenwert des maschinellen Blutbildes bei der Diagnose der infektiösen Mononukleose durch EBV
Authors: Stupp Franziska , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Grossi Anna-Sophia , Sommer Fabian , Sieron Hannah Lara , Lindemann Jörg
Published: June 2020

Einleitung Zur Abgrenzung einer EBV-Primärinfektion von einer bakteriellen Tonsillitis wird eine EBV-Serologie empfohlen. Schneller verfügbar ist, neben nur wenig zuverlässigen EBV-Schnelltests, ein instrumentelles Differenzialblutbild. Es wurde ausgewertet, ob sich hierbei bei bis zu 70 % mononukleär veränderten Lymphozyten signifikante Unterschiede zeigen und welche weiteren schnell verfügbaren klinischen Parameter eine Unterscheidung erleichtern.

Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung der absoluten und relativen Lympho- und Monozytenzahlen, CRP und Leberwerte von allen stationären Patienten (n = 140) mit V. a. EBV-Primärinfektion im Zeitraum von 01/2008–01/2019 (mittleres Alter 21,4 ± 6,6 Jahre, ♀ 51 %, ♂ 49 %). Es erfolgte der Vergleich zwischen serologisch bestätigter (VCA-IgM+, VCA-IgG+, EBNA-IgG) oder ausgeschlossener EBV-Primärinfektion.

Ergebnisse Bei bestätigter EBV-Primärinfektion und vorliegendem Differenzialblutbild (n = 42) lag mit absoluten Lymphozyten von 5,5 ± 2,6 Giga/l im Mittel eine Lymphozytose vor, bei akuter bakterieller Tonsillitis (n = 36) mit 1,6 ± 1,3 Giga/l signifikant geringere Werte (p < 0,05). Entsprechendes ergab sich für die relativen Lymphozyten (47,4 ± 17,9 % vs. 12,8 ± 9,1 %; p < 0,05). Es ergaben sich weder für die absoluten (1,2 ± 0,8 vs. 1,2 ± 0,6 Giga/l; p = 0,617) noch für die relativen (8,8 ± 3,6 vs. 9,8 ± 5,2 %; p = 0,746) Monozytenzahlen signifikante Unterschiede. Bei EBV-Primärinfektion fanden sich signifikant geringere CRP-Werte und signifikant höhere Leberwerte und eine Hepato-/Splenomegalie.

Schlussfolgerung Erhöhte Lymphozytenzahlen und ein erhöhtes Verhältnis von Lympho- zu Leukozytenzahlen können einen ersten Hinweis auf eine EBV-Infektion geben. Morphologisch veränderte Lymphozyten werden offenbar mit modernen Geräten zunehmend korrekt gezählt. Zusätzlich sind ein nur moderat erhöhter CRP-Wert und eine Hepatosplenomegalie charakteristisch für eine primäre EBV-Infektion. Die Ergebnisse könnten genutzt werden, um die Entscheidung zur weiteren Diagnostik gezielter zu treffen, bevor eine EBV-Serologie vorliegt.
One-year results of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for refractory gastroparesis: a French multicenter study
Authors: Ragi Olivier , Jacques Jérémie , Branche Julien , Leblanc Sarah , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Legros Romain , Pioche Mathieu , Rivory Jérôme , Chaussade Stanislas , Barret Maximilien , Wallenhorst Timothée , Barthet Marc , Kerever Sébastien , Gonzalez Jean-Michel
Published: June 2020

Background: Data on the long-term outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) for refractory gastroparesis are lacking. We report the results of a large multicenter long-term follow-up study of G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study of all G-POEM operations performed in seven expert French centers for refractory gastroparesis with at least 1 year of follow-up. The primary endpoint was the 1-year clinical success rate, defined as at least a 1-point improvement in the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI).

Results: 76 patients were included (60.5 % women; age 56 years). The median symptom duration was 48 months. The median gastric retention at 4 hours (H4) before G-POEM was 45 % (interquartile range [IQR] 29 % – 67 %). The median GCSI before G-POEM was 3.6 (IQR 2.8 – 4.0). Clinical success was achieved in 65.8 % of the patients at 1 year, with a median rate of reduction in the GCSI score of 41 %. In logistic regression analysis, only a high preoperative GCSI satiety subscale score was predictive of clinical success (odds ratio [OR] 3.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01 – 11.54; P = 0.048), while a high rate of gastric retention at H4 was significantly associated with clinical failure (OR 0.97, 95 %CI 0.95 – 1.00; P = 0.03).

Conclusions: The results confirm the efficacy of G-POEM for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis, as evidenced by a 65.8 % clinical success rate at 1 year. Although G-POEM is promising, prospective sham-controlled trials are urgently needed to confirm its efficacy and identify the patient populations who will benefit most from this procedure.
Zinc-Catalyzed Transacetalization of N,O-Acetals into N,N-Acetals with Benzotriazoles, Indazoles, and Azides
Authors: Shin Seunghoon , Shin Sang Ik , Nguyen Nguyen H. , Im Jangbin
Published: June 2020

N,O-Acetals obtained from β-oxidation of ynamides underwent transacetalization with benzotriazoles, leading to N,N-acetals. The Zn(OTf)2 efficiently catalyzed the process, and the reaction is further accelerated in hexafluoroisopropanol, providing a single N1-regiosiomer. The transacetalization conditions developed could be extended to other N-donors, such as 1H-indazole and TMSN3 to afford the corresponding N,N-acetals.
Practical Early Development Synthesis of Nav1.7 Inhibitor GDC-0310
Authors: Stumpf Andreas , St-Jean Frédéric , Lao David , Cheng Zhigang Ken , Angelaud Remy , Gosselin Francis
Published: June 2020

The concise early development route to the Nav1.7 inhibitor GDC-0310 is described. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contains one stereocenter, which was obtained with high enantiomeric excess (>99:1) by using an SN2 displacement approach to connect two intermediates: a chiral benzyl alcohol and a piperidine. The synthesis of the piperidine building block proceeded via a regioselective SNAr reaction on 1-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzene by N-Boc-4-piperidinemethanol, followed by installation of the methyl ester group by electrophilic aromatic bromination and a palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation. A subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was then telescoped directly into cleavage of the Boc group to provide the advanced piperidine intermediate. The key feature of the synthesis is the highly selective SN2 displacement of the chiral mesylate of (R)-1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ethan-1-ol with the piperidine intermediate, followed by a chiral purity upgrade via the corresponding (1S)-(+)-camphorsulfonic acid salt. After standard hydrolysis of the methyl ester and CDI mediated amidation to couple the resulting acid with methanesulfonamide, enantiomerically pure GDC-0310 was obtained in high overall yield (37%) on a 6.5 kilogram scale.
Regioselective Synthesis of α-Phosphinoylnaphthols through Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulation of 1-Alkynylphosphine Oxides with Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Xie Wucheng , Shi Junjun , Lin Binting , Jian Xinyi , Lin Qinhong
Published: June 2020

α-Phosphinoylnaphthols were obtained by redox-neutral annulation­ of 1-alkynylphosphine oxides with α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides under rhodium(III) catalysis. This protocol shows good regio­selectivity and broad functional-group tolerance.
Effect of Vitiligo on Auditory Functions: Is There Any Association?
Authors: Singh Vishal , Guleria Trilok C. , Azad Ramesh K. , Mohindroo Narender K. , Sharma Devraj
Published: June 2020

Introduction Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology, clinically characterized by whitish macules caused by selective loss of melanocytes. There are many melanocytes in the human cochlea. Recent studies have suggested a direct relation between cochlear dysfunction and decreased amounts of melanin.

Objective To determine the effect of vitiligo on auditory function.

Methods The present prospective, case control study was performed over a period of 1 year in patients between 15 and 40 years old with nonsegmental disease and the same number of controls. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and Otoacoustic emission (OAE) were performed to analyze the correlation between vitiligo and auditory function.

Results The mean pure tone audiometric threshold in the right ear at 0.5, 8 kHz, and in the left ear at the frequency of 8 kHz in the case group were significantly higher as compared with controls. The average band reproducibility (%) in the right and left ear of controls was significantly higher at the frequency of 4 kHz as compared with cases. It has been observed that signal to noise ratio was statistically higher at the frequency of 5kHz in the right ear and at 2, 3, and 5kHz in the left ear in controls as compared with cases. On the basis of disease type and duration of disease; mean pure tone audiometric threshold, average band reproducibility and signal to noise ratio, no significant effect was observed in the present study.

Conclusion Vitiligo has an effect on cochlear function irrespective of the duration or distribution of the disease.