bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHOTONIC BAND GAP MATERIALS AND MONOLAYER SOLAR CELL
Authors: ALY ARAFA H. , SAYED HASSAN
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we demonstrate theoretically an efficient way to improve the optical properties of the PIN silicon solar cell. We design an anti-reflecting coating (ARC) from one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals (PCs). Also, we design a back-reflector that composed of one-dimensional binary PC. By adding ARC layers, we have observed that the absorption is increased from 0.5 to 0.75. Moreover, by adding back reflector layers, we found that the absorption values rise to reach over 0.95 in the range of the photonic band gap (PBG) of the back reflector. Thus, using PCs in each ARC and back reflector has a significant enhancement of the absorption of the cell. Our design could have a distinct effect on the conversion efficiency of the cell. We use transfer matrix method to optimize the PBG of the back reflector. Finally, the numerical and simulated results of the cell are investigated by COMSOL Multiphysics that based on the finite element method (FEM).
HUMIDITY-DEPENDENT IMPEDANCE AND DFT ANALYSIS OF PURE AND Cu-DOPED SnO2 THIN FILMS
Authors: CHOUDHURY SANDIP PAUL , BHATTACHARJEE DEBANJAN , BHATTACHARJEE AYON
Published: September 2017

Tin Oxide has been explored for gas sensing and humidity sensing. In the present work, pure and copper-doped SnO2 is synthesized by controlled spray pyrolysis technique. The films are homogeneous throughout. Rietveld analysis confirms the absence of other phases due to doping. The optical property is studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy which shows a change in the band gap with the introduction of the dopant. An elaborate impedance analysis is carried which showed the effect of doping. Cu-doped thin film showed a faster drop in the impedance when exposed to humidity. Significant change in the cole–cole plot is observed indicating better sensitivity with the doped sample in comparison to undoped. Higher humidity level from 80 to 92 RH is studied as it is important to detect the same in air conditioning systems, electronic devices, aviation systems and food processing systems. The equivalent circuit also reveals that the adsorption of water molecules on the surface of the thin films changes the impedance characteristics. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is employed for the theoretical calculations and identifying the equivalent circuit. The charge transfer in the doped sample is subjected to lesser grain resistance according to theoretical calculation and experimental results. A density functional approach is employed to study the band structure and explain the influence of Cu doping on pure SnO2. The calculated result supports the use of Cu as a dopant for better humidity sensing device.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE Ni-TiN NANOCOATINGS PREPARED BY COMPUTER-CONTROLLED PULSED ELECTRODEPOSITION TECHNIQUE
Authors: LI XINGYUAN , MA CHUNYANG , XIA FAFENG
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of Ni-TiN nanocoatings prepared by computer-controlled pulsed electrodeposition method. The influence of plating parameters on the microstructure, microhardness, and properties of the coating was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and friction wear testing technique. The results showed that the Ni-TiN nanocoating synthesized at 4[Formula: see text]A/dm2 current density exhibited an optimum microhardness and TiN content of 984.7[Formula: see text]HV and 8.69[Formula: see text]wt.%, respectively. Ni-TiN nanocoatings prepared at different pulse frequencies grew as face-centered cubic structures along different directions, and average grain diameters of Ni and TiN in the nanocoating prepared at 200[Formula: see text]Hz were 87.2 and 34.6[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The nanocoating prepared at 20% duty cycle showed an optimum microhardness and average wear of 980[Formula: see text]HV and 7.56[Formula: see text]mg/mm2.
INFLUENCE OF ZrB2 ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND MICROHARDNESS OF Ti-SiC CLAD COATINGS ON Ti6Al4V SUBSTRATE
Authors: FAROTADE G. A. , POPOOLA A. P. I. , PITYANA S. L.
Published: September 2017

The microstructural features and microhardness of ZrB2-reinforced Ti-SiC coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrate were studied. The deposition of these coatings was achieved via laser cladding technique. A 4.0[Formula: see text]kW fiber-delivered Nd: YAG laser was used to deposit the coatings on the titanium substrate at a laser power of 700[Formula: see text]W and a laser scan speed of 0.8[Formula: see text]m/min. An initial Ti-SiC coating was deposited with no ZrB2 addition followed by deposition of two other coatings with the incorporation of ZrB2 powder at 5 and 10[Formula: see text]wt.%. The coatings were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. SEM images of Ti-SiC-ZrB2 coatings revealed good metallurgical bond between the coatings and the substrate and also a significant increment in dendritic formation and inter-dendritic eutectics during solidification within the [Formula: see text]-Ti matrix, exhibiting the presence of newly formed phases as the weight percentage of ZrB2 increased. Back-scattered electron images also showed the dissolution effect of SiC particles, as the particle–matrix bond strength is influenced by ZrB2 addition. Furthermore, the microhardness of the Ti-SiC coating was enhanced with increasing ZrB2 weight percentage. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed dominant compounds formed during laser material processing. This study deepens the knowledge of possible microstructural features associated with Ti-SiC-ZrB2 cermet coatings.
Computation of certain topological properties of para-line graph of honeycomb networks and graphene
Authors: Ahmad Ali
Published: September 2017

Graphene is an atomic scale honeycomb lattice made of the carbon atoms. Graph theory has given scientific expert an assortment of helpful apparatuses, for example, topological indices. A topological index [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is a number with the property that for each graph [Formula: see text] isomorphic to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] In this paper, we exhibit correct expressions for some topological indices for para-line graph of honeycomb networks and graphene.
Analysis of Three Compounds in Flos Farfarae by Capillary Electrophoresis with Large-Volume Sample Stacking
Authors: Yu Hai-xia , Hao Zeng-Yan , Li Lu , Huang Ya-yun , Zhang Hong-Fen , Chen An-jia
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a method combining an online concentration and high-efficiency capillary electrophoresis separation to analyze and detect three compounds (rutin, hyperoside, and chlorogenic acid) in Flos Farfarae. In order to get good resolution and enrichment, several parameters such as the choice of running buffer, pH and concentration of the running buffer, organic modifier, temperature, and separation voltage were all investigated. The optimized conditions were obtained as follows: the buffer of 40 mM NaH2P04-40 mM Borax-30% v/v methanol (pH 9.0); the sample hydrodynamic injection of up to 4 s at 0.5 psi; 20 kV applied voltage. The diode-array detector was used, and the detection wavelength was 364 nm. Based on peak area, higher levels of selective and sensitive improvements in analysis were observed and about 14-, 26-, and 5-fold enrichment of rutin, hyperoside, and chlorogenic acid were achieved, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine the three compounds in Flos Farfarae. The linear curve of peak response versus concentration was from 20 to 400 µg/ml, 16.5 to 330 µg/mL, and 25 to 500 µg/mL, respectively. The regression coefficients were 0.9998, 0.9999, and 0.9991, respectively.
circRNA_0046367 Prevents Hepatoxicity of Lipid Peroxidation: An Inhibitory Role against Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Guo Xing-Ya , Chen Jian-Neng , Sun Fang , Wang Yu-Qin , Pan Qin , Fan Jian-Gao
Published: September 2017

Hepatic steatosis reflects the miRNA‐related pathological disorder with triglyceride accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Circular RNA (circRNA)/miRNA interaction reveals a novel layer of epigenetic regulation, yet the miRNA‐targeting circRNA remains uncertain in hepatic steatosis. Here, we uncover circRNA_0046367 to be endogenous modulator of miR‐34a that underlies hepatic steatosis. In contrast to its expression loss during the hepatocellular steatosis in vivo and in vitro, circRNA_0046367 normalization abolished miR‐34a’s inhibitory effect on peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) via blocking the miRNA/mRNA interaction with miRNA response elements (MREs). PPARα restoration led to the transcriptional activation of genes associated with lipid metabolism, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and acyl‐CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), and then resulted in the steatosis resolution. Hepatotoxicity of steatosis‐related lipid peroxidation, being characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, growth arrest, and apoptosis, is resultantly prevented after the circRNA_0046367 administration. These findings indicate a circRNA_0046367/miR‐34a/PPARα regulatory system underlying hepatic steatosis. Normalized expression of circRNA_0046367 may ameliorate the lipoxidative stress on the basis of steatosis attenuation. circRNA_0046367, therefore, is suggested to be potential approach to the therapy of lipid peroxidative damage.
Mediators of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Are They Potential Biomarkers of the Disease?
Authors: Puxeddu Ilaria , Pratesi Federico , Ribatti Domenico , Migliorini Paola
Published: September 2017

In chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), different pathophysiological mechanisms, potentially responsible for the development of the disease, have been recently described. It is likely that the activation of skin mast cells with consequent release of histamine and other proinflammatory mediators is responsible for vasodilation in the lesional skin of CSU. However, the underlying causes of mast cell activation in the disease are largely unknown and remain to be identified. Thus, in this review, we discuss new insights in the pathogenesis of CSU, focusing on inflammation and angiogenesis. The understanding of these mechanisms will enable the identification of biomarkers useful for the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of CSU and will allow the development of novel, more specific, and patient-tailored therapies.
Robust Course Keeping Control of a Fully Submerged Hydrofoil Vessel with Actuator Dynamics: A Singular Perturbation Approach
Authors: Liu Sheng , Xu Changkui , Zhang Lanyong
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a two‐time scale control structure for the course keeping of an advanced marine surface vehicle, namely, the fully submerged hydrofoil vessel. The mathematical model of course keeping control for the fully submerged hydrofoil vessel is firstly analyzed. The dynamics of the hydrofoil servo system is considered during control design. A two‐time scale model is established so that the controllers of the fast and slow subsystems can be designed separately. A robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback control is proposed for the slow varying system and a disturbance observer based state feedback control is established for the fast varying system, which guarantees the disturbance rejection performance for the two‐time scale systems. Asymptotic stability is achieved for the overall closed‐loop system based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology.
Efficacy and Safety of Cathine (Nor-Pseudoephedrine) in the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Dose-Finding Study
Authors: Hauner Hans , Hastreiter Ljiljana , Werdier Dieter , Chen-Stute Annette , Scholze Jürgen , Blüher Matthias
Published: September 2017

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of increasing doses of cathine (nor-pseudoephedrine) as a weight-lowering agent in patients with obesity. Methods: Overweight and obese patients (n = 241, mean BMI 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m²) were randomly allocated to one of three doses of cathine (16 mg, 32 mg, 53.3 mg) or placebo in addition to a multimodal lifestyle intervention program in a multicenter, double-blind, controlled, dose-finding study for 24 weeks. Primary outcome was weight loss. Results: Treatment with the 3 doses of cathine resulted in a significantly greater weight loss compared to placebo over 24 weeks: 6.5 ± 4.2 kg for 16 mg cathine, 6.2 ± 4.7 kg for 32 mg cathine, and 9.1 ± 5.4 kg for 53.3 mg cathine versus 2.4 ± 4.4 kg for placebo (each p < 0.01, ANCOVA). The percentage of patients losing > 5% / >10% of initial body weight was significantly greater for all doses of cathine than for placebo (each p < 0.01, chi-square test). Heart rate increased dose-dependently (by 1.2 bpm under 16 mg, 5.8 bpm under 32 mg, and 6.2 bpm under 53.3 mg cathine), but no suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions were noted. The overall dropout rate was 24.9%, with the highest rate in the placebo group (42.3%). Conclusion: Cathine appears to be an effective weight-lowering agent for adjunct treatment of obesity, but additional clinical studies on its efficacy and safety are required.
Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Multikinase Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cicero Giuseppe , De Luca Rossella , Dieli Francesco
Published: September 2017

Background/Aim: A clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with oral multikinase regorafenib improved overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control [García-Alfonso et al.: J Clin Transl Oncol 2016;18:1072-1081; Bertocchi et al.: J Chemother 2017;29:102-105]. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in Italian patients with hormone-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing after chemotherapy with docetaxel plus prednisone. Materials and Methods: 60 patients were enrolled. OS has been assessed as the primary endpoint while PFS, quality of life, safety, and response rate represented secondary endpoints. Results: A modest tolerability was observed in our group showing a manageable toxicity profile and a modest objective response rate. It was associated with stable disease. A significant correlation between quality of life and OS was also noticed. Conclusions: Regorafenib has been proven to be an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option in patients with mCRPC progressing after docetaxel plus prednisone treatment.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intractable Tremor-Dominant Parkinson Disease: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Raju Sudesh S. , Niranjan Ajay , Monaco III Edward A. , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for patients suffering from medically refractory Parkinson disease (PD) tremor. Methods: We retrospectively studied the outcomes of 33 patients who were treated with gamma knife thalamotomy (GKT) over a 19-year period. Twelve patients were ≥80 years. A median dose of 140 Gy (range, 130-150 Gy) was delivered to the nucleus ventralis intermedius through a single 4-mm isocenter. We used the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin clinical tremor rating scale to score tremor, handwriting, drawing, and ability to drink fluids. The median time to the last follow-up was 23 months (range, 9-144 months). Results: After GKT, 31 patients (93.9%) experienced improvement in tremor. Twenty-three patients (70.0%) had complete or nearly complete tremor arrest. Nine patients (27.2%) noted tremor arrest and resolution of impairment in writing, drawing, and ability to drink fluids. One patient (3%) improved in bradykinesia, 3 patients (9%) improved in rigidity, and 3 patients (9%) decreased their dosage of dopa after GKT. Tremor relief was fully maintained in the last follow-up for 96.8% of responding patients. Two patients (6%) experienced temporary adverse radiation effects. Conclusions: GKT is a safe and effective treatment for medically refractory PD tremor, especially for the elderly or those not suitable for deep brain stimulation or thermal thalamotomy.
IDH1 Mutation Is an Independent Inferior Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Fei , Shan Ningning , Sui Xiaohui , Xu Hongzhi
Published: September 2017

Background: Genomic sequencing technologies have identified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in haematological malignancies. The prognostic implications of somatic IDH mutation (mIDH) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain controversial. Methods: Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 were detected using genomic sequencing technologies in 97 patients with MDS. Results: Seven (7.2%) mutations were identified: 3 in IDH1 (all R132C) and 4 in IDH2 (3 R140Q and 1 R140L). The frequency of mutation was 16.6% (2/12) in refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB)-1 and 14.7% (5/34) in RAEB-2. IDH1/2 mutations were closely associated with higher bone marrow blast counts (median 10.0 vs. 2.3%; p = 0.019) and lower absolute neutrophil counts (median 0.44 × 109/L vs. 1.21 × 109/L; p = 0.027). All IDH mutations were mutually exclusive and heterozygous. IDH mutations were not significantly correlated with any specific karyotype. Patients with IDH1 mutations exhibited shorter overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS; p = 0.039 and p = 0.042, respectively), whereas IDH2 mutations did not affect OS or PFS (p = 0.560 and p = 0.218, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that IDH1 mutation (p = 0.018; hazard ratio [HR] 4.735; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.299-17.264), karyotype risk (p = 0.036; HR 1.619; 95% CI 1.033-2.539) and the revised International Prognostic Scoring System risk category (p < 0.0001; HR 2.122; 95% CI 1.401-3.213) were independent inferior prognostic factors. Conclusions:IDH1 mutation is associated with a poor prognosis.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Wu Di , Yang Yang , Liu Tingting , Liu Hongyu
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a specific agonist of α2-adrenoceptor, has been reported to have extensive pharmacological effects. In this study, we focused on the protective effect of Dex on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and further explored its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: The model of hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury was established by continuous inhalation of oxygen (FiO2= 0.90) for 7 d in neonatal rats in vivo. The in vitro experiments were carried out in LPS/ATP or hyperoxia-treated RAW264.7 cells. ELISA, western blot, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemistry staining assays were performed and the commercial kits were used to assess the beneficial effect of Dex on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury. Results: According to our results, Dex treatment attenuated hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury via decreasing the lung wet/dry(W/D) weight ratio and mitigating pathomorphologic changes. Moreover, the oxidative stress injury, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells were inhibited by Dex treatment. In addition, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was restrained by Dex both in lung tissue in vivo and RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that Dex may ameliorate hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury, which suggests a potential clinical application of Dex in long-term supplemental oxygen therapy.
Management of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report from Lao PDR
Authors: Souvannamethy Phanekham
Published: September 2017

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a 2-week history of swelling around the eyes and both legs, and generalized body swelling. She had a history of chronic constipation and poor diet but no fever, recent illnesses, or hematuria. Examination revealed bilateral pedal edema and mild ascites. Laboratory investigations showed low hemoglobin 79 g/L, low mean corpuscular volume 53 fL, thrombocytosis 973 × 109/L, and marked hypochromia and microcytosis, with low iron and ferritin. She had hypoalbuminemia and reduced serum protein (albumin 1.9 g/dL, globulin 2.8 g/dL) with elevated triglycerides (454 mg/dL). Although kidney biopsy could not be performed due to a lack of facilities in the country, we made a diagnosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) with iron deficiency anemia secondary to poor diet based on clinical and laboratory findings. The patient was admitted and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and iron supplements. Antiplatelet therapy was instituted with dipyridamole to prevent thromboembolism from the combination of nephrotic syndrome and thrombocytosis. She was later treated with albumin and furosemide due to elevated blood pressure and worsened edema. The edema resolved and her general condition improved. She was discharged to follow up and has remained stable, requiring no further treatment as of 18 months after admission. Kidney biopsy is important for diagnosis of NS. Diagnosis may be made from clinical and laboratory findings alone in some cases; however, biopsy is required to determine the type of NS and improve further management and treatment outcomes for patients.
Screening of Cognitive Impairment in the Dialysis Population: A Scoping Review
Authors: San Aye , Hiremagalur Balaji , Muircroft Wendy , Grealish Laurie
Published: September 2017

Background: Cognitive impairment in end-stage kidney disease patients on dialysis is increasingly common. This study aimed to review the practice of screening and to evaluate the evidence on cognitive impairment prevalence in this population. Methods: This scoping review of studies summarises the evidence on cognitive impairment in dialysis populations. The search included the Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases for English-language articles published between 2000 and 2015. A total of 46 articles were reviewed. Results: The studies were of prospective observational design, with the majority conducted in the haemodialysis population. The reported prevalence of cognitive impairment ranged from 6.6 to 51%. Three screening tools were consistently used. Conclusion: While cognitive impairment is recognised in the dialysis population, there is paucity of screening data. The design of prospective comparisons ideally includes established screening instruments, particularly the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, to determine the optimal results for this population. Translation of established screening tools to increase the inclusion of people from other cultural and language groups is required. Regular screening can enhance the timing to introduce home-based care support and advance care planning discussions.
Hybrid Retrograde-Antegrade Recanalization of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Rossen James D. , Samaniego Edgar A. , Paullus Mishelle , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago
Published: September 2017

Acute basilar artery (BA) occlusion has a very poor prognosis. Recanalization can be challenged by bilateral vertebral artery (VA) occlusions, arterial dissection, or advanced atherosclerotic disease. We describe a case in whom the BA was accessed and recanalized through a retrograde-antegrade approach from the anterior circulation using a large posterior communicating artery (PCOM). Once the BA had been crossed retrogradely through the PCOM, another microcatheter was advanced antegradely through the VA into the BA and right posterior cerebral artery using the “buddy-wire” technique. In this way the BA was recanalized and reconstructed with stents. This technical note demonstrates a new approach to BA treatment when the antegrade access is hampered by advanced VA/BA disease or dissection.
The Protective Effects of Sika Deer Antler Protein on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Yang Huihai , Li Wei , Wang Lulu , Li Wenqing , Sun Hang , He Xiaofeng , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: This study measured the effect of Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) antler protein (SDAPR), glycoproteins (SDAG), and polysaccharides (SDAPO) on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HEK 293 cells, and investigated the effect of SDAPR against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Methods: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, cisplatin with vehicle, and cisplatin with SDAPR at three concentrations: 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, p.o., 10 d. Cisplatin was injected on 7th day (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Renal function, oxidative stress, levels of inflammatory factors, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured in vivo. Renal tissues were stained with TUNEL and H&E to observe renal cell apoptosis and pathological changes. Results: Pretreatment with SDAPR (125-2000 µg/mL) significantly improved cell viability, with an EC50 of approximately 1000 µg/mL. SDAPR also ameliorated cisplatin-induced histopatholo- gic changes, and decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) (P < 0.05). Western blotting analysis showed SDAPR clearly decreased expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, and increased the expression level of Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). Additionally, SDAPR markedly regulated oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05). TUNEL staining showed decreased apoptosis after SDAPR treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results indicate that SDAPR can be an effective dietary supplement, to relieve cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by improved antioxidase activity, suppressed inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis in vivo.
Significados semânticos da paisagem: paisaginário, paisageria, paisagelogia
Authors: Abreu Adilson Avansi
Published: September 2017

O autor procura identificar como se originou a paisagem terrestre e esclarecer os diferentes significados semânticos do uso da palavra. Discute a antiguidade da paisagem, construída de forma associada aos processos de hominização e a modernidade da paisagem como objeto da ciência, das artes, da literatura e como categoria de análise que funda a geografia como disciplina científica. Propõe três termos para diferenciar três amplos significados semânticos do estudo da paisagem: paisaginário, paisageria e paisagelogia.
Urbanização e Alterações geomorfológicas: O Caso da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Lavapés – Rio Claro (SP)
Authors: Fagundes Alessandra , Lupinacci Cenira Maria
Published: September 2017

Nos últimos 60 anos, muitas cidades do Brasil praticamente dobraram seu contingente populacional. Como resultado desse processo, houve o aumento da ocupação de áreas instáveis, do ponto de vista físico, e a execução de várias intervenções antrópicas, reorganizando os processos e as formas de relevo existentes. Neste contexto, este artigo visa discutir os resultados obtidos com a análise das alterações geomorfológicas decorrentes dos processos de urbanização, na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Lavapés, localizada no município de Rio Claro (SP). Alcançaram-se os resultados apresentados através do uso da cartografia geomorfológica histórico-evolutiva, sendo. Para isso, foram elaboradas cartas geomorfológicas e de uso da terra para os anos de 1962, 1988 e 2010, e uma carta de declividade. Tais cenários foram analisados através do viés metodológico da Antropogeomorfologia, que utiliza a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas aplicada à Geografia. As principais alterações localizam-se ao longo do curso fluvial, que teve sua nascente aterrada e seu leito retificado e canalizado, sendo hoje ocupado por uma avenida. Além disso, a ocupação predominantemente urbana das vertentes alterou a topografia e o sistema de circulação das águas superficiais.
Classificação do Uso da Terra e Cobertura Vegetal Utilizando Técnicas de Mineração de Dados
Authors: Justino Rodrigo Cesário , Martines Marcos Roberto , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o mapeamento do uso da Terra e cobertura vegetal utilizando técnicas de mineração de dados. A área teste selecionada corresponde à bacia do Rio São Tomé, localizada na região de Alfenas, sul do estado de Minas Gerais. Para a realização deste estudo, foram utilizadas imagens multiespectrais geradas pelo sensor Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS III) a bordo do satélite Indian Resource Satellite (IRS). A classificação das imagens foi feita utilizando o aplicativo Geographic Data Mining Analyst (GeoDMA) que possui algoritmos para segmentação de imagens, extração de atributos, seleção de feições e classificação. A análise dos resultados foi feita de maneira visual e quantitativa por meio de uma matriz de confusão. Para a geração desta matriz, 3000 pontos de referência foram coletados de maneira totalmente aleatória. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram o grande potencial da técnica de mineração de dados na classificação do uso da Terra e cobertura vegetal. As principais vantagens observadas de sua utilização foram: (1) permitiu incorporar no processo de classificação um grande número de variáveis tanto espectrais, espaciais quanto atributos do relevo; (2) simplificou a interpretação das regras de classificação por meio dos resultados das árvores de decisão; (3) gerou uma classificação consistente.
Balanço de radiação através do satélite Landsat-8 na bacia do Rio Pajeú
Authors: Alves Laurizio Emanuel Ribeiro , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Santos Maurílio Neemias dos , Freitas Ismael Guidson Farias de
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar a estimativa do saldo de radiação à superfície-Rn através do algoritmo SEBAL e imagens do satélite Landsat-8 para a Bacia do Rio Pajeú. Os dados de Rn estimados pelo SEBAL foram comparados com medições obtidas em duas estações automáticas localizadas nos municípios de Floresta e Serra Talhada. Foi utilizada uma imagem dos sensores OLI (Operational Land Image) e TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) abordo do satélite Landsat-8, orbita 216 e ponto 66, para o dia 20 de novembro de 2016. A partir das imagens se obteve a radiância e reflectividade espectral, seguido do albedo de superfície, índices de vegetação, emissividade, temperatura superficial, radiação de onda curta incidente – Rs, radiação de onda longa incidente e emitida - Rol,atm e Rol,emi, respectivamente, e Rn. Nos resultados encontrados observa-se que os menores valores de albedo e temperatura foram observados em corpos d’água e vegetação, e maiores valores em áreas urbanas. Estas componentes estão ligadas diretamente com as componentes do saldo de radiação, onde se observou menores valores de Rol,atm e Rol,emi que estão diretamente ligadas a maior ou menor Rn. A validação dos dados do algoritmo SEBAL a partir das estações automáticas foi observado um erro relativo entre 9 e 11% para a imagem Landsat-8 para o dia 20/09/2016, verificando a acurácia das imagens para a estimativa do saldo de radiação à superfície – Rn, para a Bacia do Rio Pajeú.
Proposta Metodológica para Análise da Inserção Social na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Una em Ibiúna/SP
Authors: Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Albuquerque Filho José Luiz , Oliveira Renan Angrizani de , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: September 2017

Indicadores sociais são importantes mecanismos para a comunicação de informações e provisão de bases sólidas sobre a qualidade de vida dos seres humanos. Nesse estudo elaborou-se um Indicador de Inserção Social (IIS) que integrou informações sociais presentes no censo demográfico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Una (SP), utilizando, em seu cálculo, o método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP) para valorar as variáveis componentes do indicador e técnicas de geoprocessamento para espacializar os valores do IIS. Este indicador varia de 0 a 1, onde 1 representa a condição com a melhor qualidade de vida. Ao analisar a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Una foi verificado que não houve valores do IIS acima de 0,50; que poderiam ser considerados como regulares a bom. Aproximadamente 49,4% da área de estudo apresentam valores de IIS classificados como péssimos e inferiores a 0,25. Este fato pode estar associado à vocação do município na produção agrícola e na ausência de serviços mais especializados que oferecem uma possibilidade de renda maior, porém exigem um grau de estudo mais elevado, justificados pela baixa renda e a alta taxa de analfabetismo verificada na área de estudo que apresentaram péssimos valores. Através das informações levantadas pode-se concluir que o IIS pode servir como um instrumento importante para a tomada de decisão por gestores públicos e interessados nessa questão
Aplicação do NDVI para a Análise da Distribuição Espacial da Cobertura Vegetal na Região Serrana de Martins e Portalegre – Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Barbosa Antônio Helton Da Silva , Carvalho Rodrigo Guimarães de , Camacho Ramiro Gustavo Valera
Published: September 2017

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar e mapear a distribuição da cobertura vegetal da Região Serrana de Martins e Portalegre, localizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de Sensoriamento Remoto, como forma de subsidiar a conservação dos recursos naturais. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) em uma imagem do satélite RapidEye com 5 metros de resolução espacial. Em seguida, a resposta espectral foi classificada, levando em consideração os aspectos observados nas visitas a campo, com identificação dos tipos de cobertura vegetal e demais alvos de superfície. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do NDVI sugerem a existência de zonação fitogeográfica ao longo dos gradientes altitudinais, influenciados pelo clima, assim como, os gradientes ambientais, influenciados pela presença da umidade no solo em riachos e nascentes perenes. A análise da cobertura vegetal revelou o predomínio de frutíferas permanentes e demais áreas antrópicas na superfície de topo tabular das serras. As altas vertentes são revestidas de caatinga arbórea, com exceção de algumas áreas, onde foram identificadas fitofisionomia florestal classificada como Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Já nas médias e baixas vertentes predominam a caatinga arbustiva-arbórea. Nas áreas sopedônias que circundam a região, prevaleceram as áreas antrópicas. Assim sendo, os resultados desta pesquisa poderão contribuir para iniciativas de proteção a cobertura vegetal, principalmente dos remanescentes florestais do Domínio das Caatingas e Mata Atlântica Nordestina
Avaliação Espacial da Dengue na Área Urbana de Itu - São Paulo
Authors: Ferreira Helio Henrique , Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento , Souza José Carlos de , Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão de , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: September 2017

O Brasil tem vivenciado um aumento progressivo e alarmante de casos de dengue nos últimos anos. Estudar a distribuição espacial e temporal de casos de dengue e de infestação larvária em áreas urbanizadas é relevante para reconhecer padrões de concentração de casos e de localização de maior incidência dos vetores, direcionando ações de vigilância epidemiológica. Os casos confirmados de dengue autóctone e importados e o índice de infestação predial no período de 2005 a 2014 na cidade de Itu (São Paulo) foram investigados. O trabalho foi realizado utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento para cálculo da incidência da doença por bairro, obtenção do mapa de risco relativo e a determinação da autocorrelação espacial entre os casos de dengue através dos Índices Local e Global de Moran. O ano de 2013 apresentou o maior registro e notificação de casos autóctones e importados de dengue. As maiores taxas de casos e de incidência média encontram-se na parte central e noroeste, sendo as áreas periféricas e limítrofes destas regiões com ocorrências significativas. Nos bairros a dengue variou entre 0 e 119 casos, sendo a maior concentração na região central. A incidência média de dengue encontra-se elevadas na parte central e noroeste, com valor máximo de 11.9 a cada 100 mil habitantes. Observou-se uma autocorrelação espacial entre áreas centrais e periféricas, enquanto o risco relativo da doença possui maior predomínio na parte central, mas não permite afirmar a ausência do risco de ocorrências nas demais áreas.
Epimedium muhuangense (Berberidaceae), a new species from China
Authors: WANG YUE-YUN , XU WEN-FEN , HE SHUN-ZHI
Published: September 2017

Epimedium muhuangense (Berberidaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated. This species is most closely similar to E. elachyphyllum in having simple leaves, petals shorter than inner sepals, flowers less than 10 mm in diameter and in having the same pollen morphology as well, but differs by having stout, short rhizomes, two opposite, glabrous leaves on flowering stems, and paniculate inflorescences. The chromosomes of E. muhuangense is counted as 2n = 12 and the karyotype is formulated as s 2n = 2x = 6m (2sat) + 6sm. Line illustrations, color photographs, and micrographs of chromosomes and of pollen grains of E. muhuangense are provided.
The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?
Authors: JACKSON STEPHEN M. , GROVES COLIN P. , FLEMING PETER J.S. , APLIN KEN P. , ELDRIDGE MARK D.B. , GONZALEZ ANTONIO , HELGEN KRISTOFER M.
Published: September 2017

The taxonomic identity and status of the Australian Dingo has been unsettled and controversial since its initial description in 1792. Since that time it has been referred to by various names including Canis dingo, Canis lupus dingo, Canis familiaris and Canis familiaris dingo. Of these names C. l. dingo and C. f. dingo have been most often used, but it has recently been proposed that the Australian Dingo should be once again recognized as a full species—Canis dingo. There is an urgent need to address the instability of the names referring to the Dingo because of the consequences for management and policy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the morphological, genetic, ecological and biological data to determine the taxonomic relationships of the Dingo with the aim of confirming the correct scientific name. The recent proposal for Canis dingo as the most appropriate name is not sustainable under zoological nomenclature protocols nor based on the genetic and morphological evidence. Instead we proffer the name C. familiaris for all free-ranging dogs, regardless of breed and location throughout the world, including the Australian Dingo. The suggested nomenclature also provides a framework for managing free-ranging dogs including Dingoes, under Australian legislation and policy. The broad principles of nomenclature we discuss here apply to all free-roaming dogs that coexist with their hybrids, including the New Guinea Singing Dog.
A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar
Authors: VENCES MIGUEL , KÖHLER JÖRN , GLAW FRANK
Published: September 2017

We present molecular evidence for the presence of two species morphologically similar to Spinomantis bertini in Andohahela National Park, south-eastern Madagascar, differing by 5.5−6.3% pairwise DNA sequence divergences in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. One of these was observed at higher elevations of ca. 1650 m above sea level, whereas the other was found at lower elevations of ca. 715 m a.s.l., close to the type locality of S. bertini (Isaka-Ivondro), and in one other location (Andreoky, ca. 1050 a.s.l.). We herein assign these low- to mid-elevation specimens to S. bertini based on their occurrence near the type locality and general agreement in colour pattern with the type specimen of Gephyromantis bertini Guibé, 1947. The high-elevation form is described as Spinomantis beckei sp. nov. based on its molecular divergence and reciprocal monophyly with respect to S. bertini, lower expression of greenish dorsal colour and less distinct frenal stripe. Based on a comparison of published call descriptions for S. bertini and our recordings of S. beckei, we hypothesize that S. bertini has a lower note repetition rate in advertisement calls. Molecular data suggest that the S. bertini species complex is more diverse than previously recognized, with at least two more candidate species identified: S. sp. Ca7 from Ranomafana National Park, and a newly identified candidate species S. sp. Ca12 from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve.
Notes on Kocourekia Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) with description of a new species from China
Authors: CAO HUAN-XI , SALLE JOHN LA , FORNOFF FELIX , GUO PENG-FEI , ZHU CHAO-DONG
Published: September 2017

Kocourekia fusis Cao & Zhu sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) is described and illustrated as a parasitoid of aculeate Hymenoptera. Females differ from those of the other two species in Kocourekia by the presence of a malar sulcus, prompting a re-examination of generic limits. A re-definition of Kocourekia is presented, its relationship with other closely allied genera in the Melittobia complex is discussed, and a key to the species of Kocourekia is provided.
Review of Cape Verde Pselactus Broun, 1886 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) with description of a new species, larvae and notes on biology
Authors: SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ , HLAVÁČ PETER , BATELKA JAN
Published: September 2017

The genus Pselactus in the Cape Verde Islands is reviewed. Pselactus obesulus (Wollaston, 1867) from São Vicente is redescribed and P. strakai sp. nov. from São Nicolau is described. Both species are diagnosed and illustrated; their larvae are described, larval morphology is discussed and the current state of knowledge about immature stages of Cossoninae is summarized. The systematic position of the genus within Onycholipini is reviewed, and the placement of genus in Cossoninae is discussed. A short note on biogeography of Pselactus is provided.
A new wide-headed Fanged Frog of the Limnonectes kuhlii group (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from western Borneo with a redescription of Rana conspicillata Günther, 1872
Authors: DEHLING J. MAXIMILIAN , DEHLING D. MATTHIAS
Published: September 2017

We re-examined the type series of Rana conspicillata Günther, 1872 from Matang in western Sarawak, Borneo and found it to consist of specimens of three distinct species that can be separated by qualitative morphological characters and morphometrics. We re-allocate one paralectotype to Limnonectes hikidai and another to a large-sized species from western Borneo that we describe as new. The new species is morphologically distinguished from all described species of the L. kuhlii group from the Sunda region by body size, extent of toe webbing, head size and odontoid shape. It differs genetically from all described species for which genetic information is available. In order to facilitate the further taxonomic revision of the L. kuhlii group on Borneo, we provide a detailed morphological redescription of the holotype of Rana conspicillata.
Three new species of Miroculis from the Serra da Mocidade National Park, Roraima State, Brazil, with new records and checklist of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)
Authors: RAIMUNDI E.A. , NASCIMENTO J.M.C. , BARROSO P.C.S. , HAMADA N. , BOLDRINI R.
Published: September 2017

The Serra da Mocidade National Park is a conservation area located in one of the most inaccessible portions of Amazonia Biome in the Roraima State. The first survey of aquatic insects from that in this region was undertaken in January to February 2016 and we present a checklist of eight species of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) found in the Park and describe three new species of Miroculis based on male imagos.
An Increasing Trend in the Early Winter Precipitation during Recent Decades along the Coastal Areas of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Yasunaga Kazuaki , Tomochika Masashi
Published: September 2017

Long-term changes in the monthly precipitation along the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are examined using monthly operational observation data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The monthly precipitation in December significantly increased from the mid-1980s to 2015, even though no remarkable changes were found in January, February, or November. Significant positive trends in the December precipitation extend widely over the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, and the amounts increase to approximately 50% of the climatological precipitation in December at most observational stations. The interannual variations in other variables, including the monthly accumulated actual sunshine duration, days with lightning detection, and satellite-retrieved outgoing longwave radiation, also show significant trends that are consistent with the precipitation increase in December. The effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) on precipitation change is discussed based on correlation and regression analyses. The interannual variations in the December precipitation averaged over the observational stations near the Sea of Japan are significantly correlated with the SSTs in the prior month (November). However, the SST increase in November is insufficient to account for the increase in precipitation. In addition, it was found that the satellite-retrieved surface wind speed in December has grown stronger in recent years over the Sea of Japan. It is suggested that the stronger wind corresponds to the enhanced monsoonal flow and is the primary cause of the precipitation increase in December.
Families and Counselors Taking Action to Transform Culture: An Action–Inquiry Case Study of an Urban High School
Authors: Griffen Jacalyn
Published: September 2017

Federal initiatives place school counselors at the forefront of increasing college access for students in underserved communities. Although college enrollment rates have increased, low attainment rates persist in low socioeconomic communities and communities of color. Families in these communities aspire for their children to go to college but rely on the school counselor to help their child navigate the complex path to college. Although the high school counselor is ideally positioned to reduce barriers and engage families in the postsecondary process, they often lack the capacity and resources to do so. Thus, this action-oriented qualitative case study was conducted over 8 months, and explored how urban high school counselors engaged families as collaborative partners to address the metanarrative of low postsecondary attainment rates. Findings suggested that building trust within the school community as foundational to engaging families, taking simple actions were catalysts to transforming school culture, and leveraging family engagement increased school site capacity and affected the broader school community.
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in Their Late Twenties: The Importance of Social Bonding Trajectories
Authors: Yang Xiaozhao Y. , Yang Tingzhong
Published: September 2017

Although weak social bonds are found to be associated with addictive behaviors in cross-sectional studies, few studies have explored the longitudinal impacts of social bonds on nonmedical prescription drug use (NPDU). This study adopted a developmental perspective on social bonds and tested how their different trajectories are associated with NPDU among adults. With panel surveys from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health from 1994 to 2008, this study employed group-based latent trajectory modeling to obtain the different trajectories of social bonds including religious, civic, familial, educational, and marital, and then used them as predictors of NPDU while controlling for potential confounders and the baseline NPDU. The findings show that constant and high-level social bonds significantly reduce the risk of NPDU, except for educational bond. However, for religious, civic, and educational bonds, the “low initial” trajectories are not significantly different from the “high-decrease” trajectories, implying that strong early-life social bonds do not prevent NPDU if such bonds register a recent decline. Weak social bonds constitute significant risk of NPDU for adults in their late twenties, and recent social bonds override the contribution of early-life bonds in most cases. Policy makers may consider strategies to sustain the active and meaningful participation in conventional institutions, and not solely rely on programs that facilitate early-life social integration.