bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositional marker in vivo reveals intramyocellular lipid turnover during fasting-induced lipolysis
Authors: Thankamony Ajay , Kemp Graham J. , Koulman Albert , Bokii Vlada , Savage David B. , Boesch Chris , Hodson Leanne , Dunger David B. , Sleigh Alison
Published: February 2018

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is of particular metabolic interest, but despite many proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) studies reporting IMCL content measured by the methylene (CH2) resonance signal, little is known about its composition. Here we validated IMCL CH3:CH2 ratio as a compositional marker using 1H MRS at short echo time, and investigated IMCL content and composition during a 28-hour fast in 24 healthy males. Increases in IMCL CH2 relative to the creatine and phosphocreatine resonance (Cr) at 3.0 ppm (an internal standard) correlated with circulating free fatty acid (FA) concentrations, supporting the concept of increased FA influx into IMCL. Significant decreases in IMCL CH3:CH2 ratio indicated a less unsaturated IMCL pool after fasting, and this compositional change related inversely to IMCL baseline composition, suggesting a selective efflux of unsaturated shorter-chain FA from the IMCL pool. This novel in vivo evidence reveals IMCL turnover during extended fasting, consistent with the concept of a flexible, responsive myocellular lipid store. There were also differences between soleus and tibialis anterior in basal IMCL composition and in response to fasting. We discuss the potential of this marker for providing insights into normal physiology and mechanisms of disease.
Robust water desalination membranes against degradation using high loads of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ortiz-Medina J. , Inukai S. , Araki T. , Morelos-Gomez A. , Cruz-Silva R. , Takeuchi K. , Noguchi T. , Kawaguchi T. , Terrones M. , Endo M.
Published: February 2018

Chlorine resistant reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were fabricated using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-polyamide (MWCNT-PA) nanocomposite. The separation performance of these membranes after chlorine exposure (4800 ppm·h) remained unchanged (99.9%) but was drastically reduced to 82% in the absence of MWCNT. It was observed that the surface roughness of the membranes changed significantly by adding MWCNT. Moreover, membranes containing MWCNT fractions above 12.5 wt.% clearly improved degradation resistance against chlorine exposure, with an increase in water flux while maintaining salt rejection performance. Molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to understand the high chemical stability of the MWCNT-PA nanocomposite membranes, and revealed that high activation energies are required for the chlorination of PA. The results presented here confirm the unique potential of carbon nanomaterials embedded in polymeric composite membranes for efficient RO water desalination technologies.
Applying Data-driven Imaging Biomarker in Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening: Preliminary Study
Authors: Kim Eun-Kyung , Kim Hyo-Eun , Han Kyunghwa , Kang Bong Joo , Sohn Yu-Mee , Woo Ok Hee , Lee Chan Wha
Published: February 2018

We assessed the feasibility of a data-driven imaging biomarker based on weakly supervised learning (DIB; an imaging biomarker derived from large-scale medical image data with deep learning technology) in mammography (DIB-MG). A total of 29,107 digital mammograms from five institutions (4,339 cancer cases and 24,768 normal cases) were included. After matching patients’ age, breast density, and equipment, 1,238 and 1,238 cases were chosen as validation and test sets, respectively, and the remainder were used for training. The core algorithm of DIB-MG is a deep convolutional neural network; a deep learning algorithm specialized for images. Each sample (case) is an exam composed of 4-view images (RCC, RMLO, LCC, and LMLO). For each case in a training set, the cancer probability inferred from DIB-MG is compared with the per-case ground-truth label. Then the model parameters in DIB-MG are updated based on the error between the prediction and the ground-truth. At the operating point (threshold) of 0.5, sensitivity was 75.6% and 76.1% when specificity was 90.2% and 88.5%, and AUC was 0.903 and 0.906 for the validation and test sets, respectively. This research showed the potential of DIB-MG as a screening tool for breast cancer.
Involvement of orexin neurons in fasting- and central adenosine-induced hypothermia
Authors: Futatsuki Takahiro , Yamashita Akira , Ikbar Khairunnisa Novita , Yamanaka Akihiro , Arita Kazunori , Kakihana Yasuyuki , Kuwaki Tomoyuki
Published: February 2018

We examined whether orexin neurons might play a protective role against fasting- and adenosine-induced hypothermia. We first measured body temperature (BT) in orexin neuron-ablated (ORX-AB) mice and wild-type (WT) controls during 24 hours of fasting. As expected, the magnitude of BT drop and the length of time suffering from hypothermia were greater in ORX-AB mice than in WT mice. Orexin neurons were active just before onset of hypothermia and during the recovery period as revealed by calcium imaging in vivo using G-CaMP. We next examined adenosine-induced hypothermia via an intracerebroventricular administration of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), which induced hypothermia in both ORX-AB and WT mice. The dose of CHA required to initiate a hypothermic response in ORX-AB mice was more than 10 times larger than the dose for WT mice. Once hypothermia was established, the recovery was seemingly slower in ORX-AB mice. Activation of orexin neurons during the recovery phase was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos. We propose that orexin neurons play dual roles (enhancer in the induction phase and compensator during the recovery phase) in adenosine-induced hypothermia and a protective/compensatory role in fasting-induced hypothermia.
The Hormel Institute International Cancer Research Conference—2017 meeting report
Authors: Rai Tia , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang
Published: February 2018

Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to cancer and improved treatment outcomes for many cancers, the burden of cancer still remains a huge issue for society. Thus, cancer researchers from around the globe must pool their resources to improve cancer care and outcomes. The 2017 Hormel Institute International Cancer Research Conference, co-sponsored by the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, provided an opportunity for a diverse group of scientists to meet and discuss recent advances in cancer research and prevention. The 2-day conference, held in Austin, Minnesota, on June 19–20, 2017, was divided into nine scientifically driven sessions that focused broadly on fundamental cancer research, molecular mechanisms of tumor development, tumor stem cells, tumor therapeutic and preventive mechanisms, and achievements in tumor prevention and therapy.
Organotropism: new insights into molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Hoffmann Andrew D. , Liu Huiping , Liu Xia
Published: February 2018

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer mortality. Despite the significant progress made over the past decade in cancer medicine our understanding of metastasis remains limited, therefore preventing and targeting metastasis is not yet possible. Breast cancer cells preferentially metastasize to specific organs, known as “organotropic metastasis”, which is regulated by subtypes of breast cancer, host organ microenvironment, and cancer cells-organ interactions. The cross-talk between cancer cells and host organs facilitates the formation of the premetastatic niche and is augmented by factors released from cancer cells prior to the cancer cells’ arrival at the host organ. Moreover, host microenvironment and specific organ structure influence metastatic niche formation and interactions between cancer cells and local resident cells, regulating the survival of cancer cells and formation of metastatic lesions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of organotropic metastasis is essential for biomarker-based prediction and prognosis, development of innovative therapeutic strategy, and eventual improvement of patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer organotropic metastasis by focusing on tumor cell molecular alterations, stemness features, and cross-talk with the host environment. In addition, we also update some new progresses on our understanding about genetic and epigenetic alterations, exosomes, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells and immune response in breast cancer organotropic metastasis.
A novel non-targeted screening method for urinary exposure biomarker discovery of phthalates using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yao Chunhe , Wang Jianhua , Chan Peter , Feng Yong-Lai
Published: February 2018

Phthalates are a group of compounds widely used in consumer products and they are ubiquitous in the environment due to their widespread commercial use.
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles complexed with nano-oxide graphene used for upconversion fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Li Po , Yan Yue , Chen Binlong , Zhang Pan , Wang Siling , Zhou Jing , Fan Haiming , Wang Yiguang , Huang Xiaonan
Published: February 2018

In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles have attracted much research interest in various biomedical applications such as biosensors, diagnosis, and drug delivery systems.
Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of excited-state relaxation of Pigment Yellow 101
Authors: Che Meng , Gao Yuan-Jun , Zhang Yan , Xia Shu-Hua , Cui Ganglong
Published: February 2018

Pigment Yellow 101 (PY101) is widely used as a typical pigment due to its excellent excited-state properties.
Merrifield resin-assisted routes to second-generation catalysts for olefin metathesis
Authors: Nascimento Daniel L. , Davy Emma C. , Fogg Deryn E.
Published: February 2018

Phosphine-scavenging Merrifield resins can significantly facilitate the synthesis of highly active Ru metathesis catalysts, including the second-generation Grubbs, Hoveyda, and indenylidene catalysts (GII,HII,InII).
C–H bond cleavage occurring on a Rh(v) intermediate: a theoretical study of Rh-catalyzed arene azidation
Authors: Liu Song , Qi Xiaotian , Qu Ling-Bo , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu
Published: February 2018

Our theoretical calculations indicated that the oxidation of Rh(iii) to Rh(v) by PhI(OAc)OTs is a facile process. Subsequent electrophilic deprotonation was shown to occur from a Rh(v) intermediate rather than a Rh(iii) intermediate.
Combining single source chemical vapour deposition precursors to explore the phase space of titanium oxynitride thin films
Authors: Rees Kelly , Lorusso Emanuela , Cosham Samuel D. , Kulak Alexander N. , Hyett Geoffrey
Published: February 2018

Combining single-source precursors in aerosol assisted CVD allows control of the composition of mixed anion titanium oxynitride thin films.
Oral drug suitability parameters
Authors: Wenlock M. C.
Published: February 2018

Assessing the oral drug suitability of compounds as early as possible is an important objective in drug discovery. Two new oral drug suitability parameters are proposed to facilitate the ranking of compounds with respect to dose and in vivo exposure.
Effects of ethynyl unit and electron acceptors on the performance of triazatruxene-based dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pan Bin , Zhu Yi-Zhou , Ye Dan , Li Feng , Guo Yi-Fan , Zheng Jian-Yu
Published: February 2018

Effects of ethynyl unit and electron acceptors/anchors on the photovoltaic performance of triazatruxene-based organic dyes were systematically investigated.
pH-Induced fragmentation of colloids based on responsive self-assembled copper(ii) metallopolymers
Authors: Wang Bin , Jacquet Margot , Wang Kunzhou , Xiong Kun , Yan Minhao , Courtois Jérémie , Royal Guy
Published: February 2018

Responsive colloids made from copper(ii) coordination polymers are readily dissolved in acidic medium following a controlled depolymerization of the polymer chains.
Ancistrocyclinones A and B, unprecedented pentacyclic N,C-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, from the Chinese liana Ancistrocladus tectorius
Authors: Seupel Raina , Hemberger Yasmin , Feineis Doris , Xu Minjuan , Seo Ean-Jeong , Efferth Thomas , Bringmann Gerhard
Published: February 2018

The pentacyclic berberine-like ancistrocyclinones A and B represent a new subtype of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, with an intriguing helical 3D structure.
Disulphide bond exchange inhibited by air – kinetic and thermodynamic products in a library of macrocyclic cysteine derivatives
Authors: Cholewiak Agnieszka , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Jurczak Janusz , Ulatowski Filip
Published: February 2018

Oxidation of dithiols provides strained monomeric macrocycles which transform upon disulphide bond exchange into stable dimers.
A H2S and I− dual-responsive supramolecular polymer constructed via pillar[5]arene-based host–guest interactions and metal coordination
Authors: Wang Pi , Ma Jiao , Xia Danyu
Published: February 2018

A supramolecular polymer was designed and prepared by self-assembly of a pillar[5]arene dimer (AA-type), constructed from Ag-coordination, and a homoditopic (BB-type) guest (G). The supramolecular polymer displayed H2S and I− dual responsiveness due to the sensitivity of Ag+ to H2S and I−.
Core–shell microspheres for the ultrafast degradation of estrogen hormone at neutral pH
Authors: Villa Katherine , Parmar Jemish , Vilela Diana , Sánchez Samuel
Published: February 2018

Ultrafast photo-Fenton degradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol under simulated solar irradiation.
From the inside-out: leached metal impurities in multiwall carbon nanotubes for purification or electrocatalysis
Authors: Suryanto Bryan H. R. , Fang Tim , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D. , Zhao Chuan
Published: February 2018

Melamine is used to induce leaching of encapsulated metal impurities in MWCNTs. The leached impurities can be effectively removed or utilized as electrocatalytically active centres.
Bicomponent β-sheet assembly of dipeptide fluorophores of opposite polarity and sensitive detection of nitro-explosives
Authors: Madhu Chilakapati , Roy Bappaditya , Makam Pandeeswar , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: February 2018

Fluorescent hydrogels formed by the bicomponent β-sheet co-assembly of dipeptide–pyrene amphiphiles of opposite polarity provide a 3D microenvironment to detect toxic nitro-explosives.
Reversible phase transition and switchable dielectric behaviors triggered by rotation and order-disorder motions of crowns
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhou Hai-Tao , Chen Shao-Peng , Tan Yu-Hui , Wang Chang-Feng , Yang Chang-Shan , Wen He-Rui , Tang Yun-Zhi
Published: February 2018

Compound 1 shows apparent step-like dielectric changes near the phase transition, which are triggered by the synergetic rotation motion of 18-C-6 crown ether cycles and hexafluorophosphate anions.
Synthesis and structural analysis of dimethylaminophenyl-end-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole for highly stable electronic devices with polymeric gate dielectric
Authors: Kumar Amit , Palai Akshaya Kumar , Shin Tae Joo , Kwon Jaehyuk , Pyo Seungmoon
Published: February 2018

The synthesis and structural analysis of DPP(PhNMe2)2, a stable diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative end-capped with a strongly electron-donating dimethylaminophenyl moiety is reported and the origin of ambient stability is analyzed in detail.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed transfer hydrogenations of imines with Hantzsch esters
Authors: Wang Qiaotian , Chen Jingjing , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: February 2018

Transfer hydrogenations of imines with Hantzsch esters were realized using 0.1 mol% of B(C6F5)3, and up to 38% ee was obtained for asymmetric reactions.
Mesoporous NiCo2O4nanoneedle arrays as supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent cycling stabilities
Authors: Liu Chang , Jiang Wei , Hu Fang , Wu Xiang , Xue Dongfeng
Published: February 2018

An assembled supercapacitor using a mesoporous NiCo2O4electrode as the positive electrode achieves 140.6% capacity retention which is attained after 8000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2.
Enhancing SDO/HMI images using deep learning
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Asensio Ramos A.
Published: February 2018

Context.The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) provides continuum images and magnetograms with a cadence better than one per minute. It has been continuously observing the Sun 24 h a day for the past 7 yr. The trade-off between full disk observations and spatial resolution means that HMI is not adequate for analyzing the smallest-scale events in the solar atmosphere.

Aims.Our aim is to develop a new method to enhance HMI data, simultaneously deconvolving and super-resolving images and magnetograms. The resulting images will mimic observations with a diffraction-limited telescope twice the diameter of HMI.

Methods.Our method, which we callEnhance, is based on two deep, fully convolutional neural networks that input patches of HMI observations and output deconvolved and super-resolved data. The neural networks are trained on synthetic data obtained from simulations of the emergence of solar active regions.

Results.We have obtained deconvolved and super-resolved HMI images. To solve this ill-defined problem with infinite solutions we have used a neural network approach to add prior information from the simulations. We testEnhanceagainst Hinode data that has been degraded to a 28 cm diameter telescope showing very good consistency. The code is open source.
An overview of Quality Management System implementation in a research laboratory
Authors: Molinéro-Demilly Valérie , Charki Abdérafi , Jeoffrion Christine , Lyonnet Barbara , O'Brien Steve , Martin Luc
Published: February 2018

The aim of this paper is to show the advantages of implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) in a research laboratory in order to improve the management of risks specific to research programmes and to increase the reliability of results. This paper also presents experience gained from feedback following the implementation of the Quality process in a research laboratory at INRA, the French National Institute for Agronomic Research and details the various challenges encountered and solutions proposed to help achieve smoother adoption of a QMS process. The 7Ms (Management, Measurement, Manpower, Methods, Materials, Machinery, Mother-nature) methodology based on the Ishikawa ‘Fishbone’ diagram is used to show the effectiveness of the actions considered by a QMS, which involve both the organization and the activities of the laboratory. Practical examples illustrate the benefits and improvements observed in the laboratory.
Computational study on the effect of a conical spring on handling of buses at low speed
Authors: Rajagopalan Aravind , Sankara Subramanian Hariharan
Published: February 2018

Handling and ride characteristic are dependent to a large extent on the characteristic of a vehicle’s suspension system. This work explores the effect of the use of conical spring in place of conventional cylindrical profiled helical spring design in the handling of a bus at low speeds through full vehicle multi-body simulations. The bus was modelled using standard template available in ADAMSTM software package. The vehicle inertial properties were verified against properties in literature. The conventional spring characteristic (L) from ADAMSTM database was taken as reference and compared it with a non-linear characteristic (NL) based on literature data. The planned maneuover was to execute a right turn based on standard road dimension inputs from IRC 86:1983 at a constant speed of 30 km/hour with acceleration controlled by software module. Chassis displacements, displacements of spring were tracked to understand handling and ride quality. The variation of chassis displacements showed a significant improvement in ride characteristic of vehicle with most vibrations being damped in NL at time lower than the L characteristic suspension. All through the study, lateral acceleration was well within the rollover threshold and tire interaction forces did not exhibit any significant changes.
Theoretical analysis of steady state operating forces in control valves
Authors: Basavaraj Hubballi , Vilas Sondur
Published: February 2018

The controlling components, such as valves are used to regulate controlled fluid power. It is not always possible to calculate valve forces accurately, and with some types of valves even the existence of certain types of forces cannot be predicted with certainty. In many cases, however, the analysis can be made fairly completely and accurately. The assumption of steady state conditions is valid for the valve alone, but transient effects in the rest of the system may be large. These effects are particularly important with regard to the instability of valves, where the system may react on the valve in such a way as to make it squeal or oscillate, sometimes with large amplitude. The origin of the steady state flow force understood from a brief qualitative explanation. The following paper will summarize much of what is known about valve forces in the spool type controlling element.
Comparative structural vibration analysis of machinery and GFRP with Al7075
Authors: Vinoth Kumar K. , Loganathan T. G. , Bharath A. , Shyam Sundar B. , Abishek K. K.
Published: February 2018

The current scenario of the industries is that the major losses in efficiency of a machine are due to vibration and friction. To reduce the detrimental effects of vibration we need to decrease the frequency and amplitude of vibration or completely eliminate vibration. To do that one must quantify vibration that already occurs in machinery and structural components. Which is the aim of this paper. The intention of the paper is to obtain and characterize the vibration signature of equipment used in a company and composite material. We have designed a setup to vibrational properties composites, vibrational signature of industrial equipment .To study vibration properties, micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) based accelerometers are used to measure acceleration of the material about the datum when displaced. The data obtained is processed in MATLAB using ARDUINO relayed to computer to convert the data to frequency spectra using Fast-Fourier transforms (FFT). We ultimately compared the vibrational properties of two lathes used at a metal fabrication plant operating at different Conditions and quantified the vibration results using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) algorithm. The vibration signatures of a composite is studied along with which various properties like Damping Coefficient, Free Vibration, GFRP, Natural Frequency applications are studied.
Determination of the cavity mode in the water
Authors: Vikulin Pavel , Vikulina Vera
Published: February 2018

Ultrasonic oscillations find their wide application in various sectors and industries: metallurgy, chemical and food industries, in engineering, in medicine. This is due to physical and chemical changes when exposed to the sound field. Cavitation in ultrasonic field causes the dispersion and emulsification of certain substances and promotes coagulation and degassing affects of crystallization and dissolution. It is known that ultrasonic vibrations also cause a variety of chemical transformations of substances such as oxidation, recovery, polymerization, and depolymerization. Researchers of cavitation action on the matter find the explanation of these phenomena: shock waves and, consequently, acoustic wind. The experiments were conducted in liquid environment (non-distilled water). The volume of the experimental sample amounted to 10 dm3. Method of the magnetostriction was applied to receive ultrasonic vibration, the principle of which consists in transforming electrical oscillations into mechanical. The level of cavitation was checked in two stages to evaluate the cavitation mode according to the degree of erosion of the artificial barriers and to measure the intensity of cavitation noise in the volume.
Study on Electrical Properties of PALF Reinforced Bisphenol-A Composite
Authors: Vinod B. , Sudev L. J.
Published: February 2018

These days, composite materials successfully substitute the traditional materials due to its various significant applications. This paper examines the influence of fiber orientation and fiber length on electrical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol-A composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing material for electrical applications such as terminals, connectors, motor body cover, industrial and household plugs and circuit boards. The resistance and inductance of resin material is increased by 24.19% and 24.13% respectively after reinforcement of PALF in different orientations and its value increased by 37.93% and 37.81% respectively after reinforcement of PALF in different lengths. Similarly, Capacitance and Dielectric constant of resin material decreased by 19.44% and 19.39% respectively after reinforcement of PALF in different orientations and its value decreased by 27.67% and 27.50% respectively after reinforcement of PALF in different lengths. It can be inferred from this study that the fiber orientations and fiber lengths greatly effects the electrical properties of PALF composite.
Experimental and numerical investigation of mode II failure behavior evaluation using three point bend, end notched flexure test
Authors: Nikhil R. , Shivakumar S. , Anupama Kallol , Manjunath Shettar
Published: February 2018

In the present paper the primary task is the study involving calculation of elastic properties of the composite from the individual properties of the E-glass fiber (650 GSM) and the properties of resin LY 556 with Hardener HY951. The properties of varying volumetric ratio of fiber are obtained from calculation of the properties by using rule of mixtures. Experimentally validating the theoretical and numerical approaches by comparing the load-displacement response and crack paths observed in large scale bridged crack propagation in laminated fiber-reinforced composites specimens. An effort is being made to develop a numerical framework for cohesive crack propagation and demonstrating its effectiveness by simulating failure through crack propagation in materials with complex microstructure like fiber reinforced composites. Experimentally validating the theoretical and numerical approaches by comparing the load-displacement response and crack paths observed in large scale bridged crack propagation in laminated fiber-reinforced composites specimens.
Microstructure and wear behavior of austempered high carbon high silicon steel
Authors: Acharya Palaksha , Kumar Ajit , Bhat Ravishankar
Published: February 2018

In the present investigation, the influence of austempering temperature and time on the microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of high silicon steel was studied. The test specimens were initially austenitised at 900°C for 30 minutes, thereafter austempered at various temperatures 280°C, 360°C and 400°C, for varying duration from 30 to 120 minutes. These samples after austempering heat treatment were subsequently air cooled to room temperature, to generate typical ausferritic microstructures and then correlated with the wear property. The test outcomes demonstrate the slight increase in specific wear rate with increase in both austempering temperature and time. Specific wear rate was found to be minimum at an austempering temperature of 280°C, that exhibits lower bainite microstructure with high hardness, on the other hand specific wear rate was found to be slightly high at increased austempering temperatures at 360°C and 400°C, due to the upper bainite structure that offered lower hardness to the matrix. The sample austempered at 280°C for 30 minutes offered superior wear resistance when compared to other austempering conditions, mainly due to the presence of fine acicular bainitic ferrite along with stabilized retained austenite and also some martensite in the microstructure.
Investigation of tensile properties of RTV Silicone based Isotropic Magnetorheological Elastomers.
Authors: Sandesh Bhaktha , Sriharsha Hegde , Rao Sathish U. , Nikhil Gandhi
Published: February 2018

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) consists of an elastomer matrix and a Ferro-magnetic ingredient. The mechanical properties of MR elastomers can be reversibly controlled by applying a magnetic field of suitable intensity. The current work focusses on the enhancement of tensile property of RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanization) silicone based elastomer. The influence of Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) content and magnetic field were experimentally investigated. Addition of CIP increases the tensile modulus but it reduces the percentage elongation and tensile strength making it brittle. Under the influence of magnetic field, the enhancement of tensile properties up to 20% content was linear. The behavior above 20% is observed to be non-linear. The onset of non-linear stress-strain behavior is investigated. Regression equation is developed from the experimental data relating percentage content with the mechanical properties of MRE. The developed equation predicted the behavior of 27% MRE with an error of less than 8%. Hyperelastic model developed by Yeoh was fitted to the stress-strain behavior of MRE with minimal error.
A Review on Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Natural/ Modified Bentonite
Authors: Prabhu Prathiksha P. , Prabhu Balakrishna
Published: February 2018

The pollution of water due to various toxic components especially heavy metals are causing an adverse effect on the flora and fauna and also have a potential effect on the human well-being. Due to this there is an immediate requirement to find various techniques for the removal of lethal toxins in wastewater. Amongst all of the existing methods, adsorption is one of the most effective and efficient technique for the elimination of contaminants such as heavy metals from wastewater. The increasing number of research publications on adsorption of heavy metals using modified bentonite leads to the fact that there has been a surging importance in the production of a variety of economical adsorbents for water treatment. Outcome from the latest advances in using bentonites and modified bentonite shows the adaptable nature of the clay and its environment friendly nature. The present review shows the removal of heavy metals using modified bentonite. The main purpose of this review is to describe the flexible way of natural bentonite and modified bentonite and its ability to absorb array of inorganic pollutants, which are present in the waste water. It is apparent from the review that modified bentonite have displayed high removal potential for certain kind of inorganic contaminants from wastewater.
Hygrothermal Studies on GFRP Composites: A Review
Authors: Shettar Manjunath , Chaudhary Aakarshit , Hussain Zaid , Kini U. Achutha , Sharma Sathyashankara
Published: February 2018

The objective of this paper is to review the hygrothermal environment effects on Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites. A brief summary of the hygrothermal phenomenon and its mechanisms of GFRP is followed by detailed review of hygrothermal effects on the GFRP. The review also includes the different hygrothermal aging tests viz., cold soaking, boiling soaking, thermal shocks and use of environmental chamber, procedures and significance. At the end, hygrothermal effects on the individual constituents of GFRP viz., fiber, matrix and the fiber-matrix interface, are discussed.
Cryogenic Deflashing for Rubber Products
Authors: Abhilash M. , Naveen Prakash G. V. , Kasthurirengan S.
Published: February 2018

Deflashing is the process of removal of excess flashes from the rubber products. Initially deflashing was a manual operation where dozen of workers, seated at small work stations would take each part and trim the excess rubber off with scissors, knives or by grinding. Still the same method is employed in most of the rubber industry. The drawbacks of this method are demand inconsistent and repeatable quality. Work done by hand is often inconsistent. There are commercially available cryogenic deflashing machine but they are too expensive hence cost effectiveness is also a prime factor. The objective of this paper is to develop a technique, to identify the media through which the flashes can be removed easily and effectively. Based on the test results obtained from testing of five different types of media, ABCUT Steel media gave best results. The testing of the ABCUT Steel media on rubber samples like O-rings, grommet tail door, bottom bush etc. shows good results.
Vision system in quality control automation
Authors: Kiran Ravi , Amarendra H. J. , Lingappa Shashank
Published: February 2018

Measurement of surface roughness is one of the quality control processes, usually carried out off line. Contact type surface roughness measurement method is commonly used in quality control. The processes consume lot of time with human interaction. In order to reduce or to eliminate non value added time, effective quality inspection tool and automation of the processes has to be utilized. An attempt has been made to automate the process with integration of vision camera in capturing the image of the component surface. The image process technique has the advantage of analyzing the single captured image for multiple area measurement. Hence, the in-line quality control of each component surface roughness measurement is ensured. The automation process involves component movement, image capturing, image processing, and decision making, using sensors, actuators and microcontroller. The proposed in-line quality control of surface roughness with vision system has been successfully developed. The designed automated system has fulfilled the objectives in respect of the scope of the present work.
The effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate in Drilling of Al 6061-SiC composite
Authors: Deepak D. , Rajendra B.
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the effect of process parameters such as diameter of drill, cutting velocity, feed rate and coolant supply on material removal rate while drilling of Al-SiC composite. Sample specimens are prepared by stir-casting method and experiments are designed using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Response data is analysed using S/N ratio and significant process parameters are identified using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Study shows that drill diameter, followed by feed rate are found to be the most significant factors which influence MRR.
Analytical computation of thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression refrigeration system with R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270
Authors: Vali Shaik Sharmas , Setty Talanki Puttaranga , Babu Ashok
Published: February 2018

The present work focuses on analytical computation of thermodynamic performance of actual vapour compression refrigeration system by using six pure refrigerants. The refrigerants are namely R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270 respectively. A MATLAB code is developed to compute the thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression system such as refrigeration effect, compressor work, COP, power per ton of refrigeration, compressor discharge temperature and volumetric refrigeration capacity at condensing and evaporating temperatures of 54.4oC and 7.2oC respectively. Analytical results exhibited that COP of both R32 and R134a are 15.95% and 11.71% higher among the six investigated refrigerants. However R32 and R134a cannot be replaced directly into R22 system. This is due to their higher compressor discharge temperature and poor volumetric capacity respectively. The discharge temperature of both R1270 and R290 are lower than R22 by 20-26oC. Volumetric refrigeration capacity of R1270 (3197 kJ/m3) is very close to that of volumetric capacity of R22 (3251 kJ/m3). Both R1270 and R290 shows good miscibility with R22 mineral oil. Overall R1270 would be a suitable ecofriendly refrigerant to replace R22 from the stand point of ODP, GWP, volumetric capacity, discharge temperature and miscibility with mineral oil although its COP is lower.
Principles of energy saving in water supply and sewage systems
Authors: Makisha Nikolay , Kazimirova Tatiana
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we consider energy efficiency in the system of water supply and sanitation. Particular attention is paid to energy conservation techniques, stages of implementation. The review of energy conservation methods, a table of classification, taking into account the cost. The work is aimed at further more detailed study of energy efficiency techniques in the water supply and sanitation and their application in the regions of Russia.
Information modeling of windows with the account of thermophysical characteristics
Authors: Ignatova Elena
Published: February 2018

The task of improving the buildings energy efficiency is one of the most important tasks in the design of buildings. The buildings energy efficiency can be improved by rational choice of building structures and reduction of the heat transfer. Significant heat transfer of a building occurs through the windows. At the design stage of a building, it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of a heat transfer of different windows. Currently the designers are increasingly using the technology of building information modeling (BIM). 3D-model of the building consists of models of structural elements, which contain information about the different geometric, physical, technological and other characteristics of the structure. The aim of this work is to develop a parametric information model of the window taking into account its heat transfer resistance. In this paper the design of window units with one, two and three sashes are discussed. The value of window-reduced resistance to a heat transfer is calculated inside the window information model and is presented in the table. The method can be applied to different window design. Thermophysical parameter of the window information model can be used to assess the energy costs of operating the building.
Production of biogas at wastewater treatment plants and its further application
Authors: Makisha Nikolay , Semenova Daria
Published: February 2018

This article covered a wide range of questions on the topic of production and use of biogas as alternative energy source. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass due to the breakdown of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, which constitute the bulk of organic matter. The article describes the most common methods of biogas production, their stages and characteristics. In addition, the article describes some of the possible areas of application of biogas on example of different countries. The article also provides information about key environmental and economic benefits in the case of use of biogas: prevention of methane emissions and lower emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere; the possibility of using secondary raw materials to generate electricity.
Combined Natural Convection and Surface Radiation Inside Vented Triangular Enclosure - An Experimental Study
Authors: Raj Rahul , Pradyumna K. C. , Rakshith B. R. , Nithin R. B. , Karthik S. R.
Published: February 2018

In the present experimental study, the influence of Opening ratio on the chamber temperature in case of vented triangular enclosure with hot base plate has been undertaken. Due to more flow passage, the average air temperature in the enclosure decreases by 12% for OR of 0.25 and 13% for OR of 0.5 compared to OR of 0.125. Similar trend is observed for Rayleigh number with a rise of 73% in OR 0.5 compared to OR of 0.125. Further, the influence of radiation heat transfer in the natural convection based enclosure is also studied. This kind of investigation is useful in the design and analysis of electronic cooling systems.
Energy-saving measures in buildings considered as monuments of history and architecture
Authors: Kochev Alexey , Sokolov Mikhail , Kocheva Elena , Malysheva Anna , Moskaeva Anna
Published: February 2018

The number of measures is shown in article, that allow to downsize the consumption of thermal energy in the construction, rehabilitation, reconstruction and maintenance of buildings, which are which are recognized today as monuments of history and architecture.
Evaluation of Manufacturing Process Performance by CONWIP Hybridization of Pull Controlled Production Systems
Authors: Srikanth O. , Sita Rama Raju A. V. , Ramana Murty B. V.
Published: February 2018

The main objective of this paper is pioneering an innovative tactic for the synchronization of multi-stage, multi-line, production system. This tactic is mainly depends on the optimization policy, by means of distinct event simulation process for modeling, analysis and distinction of the execution of two alternatives of Kanban control mechanism namely SEKCS (Simultaneous Extended Kanban Control System) and IEKCS (Independent Extended Kanban Control System). At this juncture the authors putting forward the two variants of Extended Kanban control system with the hybridization of CONWIP control policy to incite HSEKCS (Hybrid Simultaneous Extended Kanban Control System) and HIEKCS (Hybrid Independent Extended Kanban Control System) to make use of pooled benefits of a representative production situation in addition to improve the outcome. Therefore in this study the comparison in between different systems of proposed HEKCS specifically are HSEKCS and HIEKCS compared with the Extended Kanban Control Systems variants SEKCS and IEKCS. Simulation studies were conducted for all the five control policies considered and modeled on a multi-line, multi-stage assembly production control system. The relative performance parameters like Throughput or Production rate, Average Waiting Time and Average Work-in-Process, were assessed by means of exponentially varying demands.
Environmental situation of Baikal Lake
Authors: Shmalko Varvara , Gogina Elena
Published: February 2018

This article considers the ecological situation, which has developed around a unique natural object - Lake Baikal. There are studied physical and geographical characteristics of this lake, because it is one of the greatest lakes in the world and the largest freshwater lake in Russia. Lake Baikal is 1.7 times larger the Lake Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe. Baikal is the largest fresh water lake in the world. Its volume is 23 600 cubic kilometers, which is about 20% of the planets’ fresh lake water - much more than in all the freshwater lakes of the world. There are described the most large-scale tributaries, which fill the lake, as well as the only river, flowing from it. There are studied basin areas of this valuable lake, which are under protection. There are four main periods identified by analyzing the dynamics of wastewater performances.
The Effect of Lean Techniques on Elimination of Waste in Composite Panel Production Using Paired t-test
Authors: Hiremath Pavan , Narayanan S. , Shettar Manjunath
Published: February 2018

‘A penny saved is a penny earned’ as this phrase says it all, the key for increased profit lies in the elimination of non-value adding actions in any production process. This study concentrates mainly on the procedures to identify and to reduce the different types of wastes in a production process. Initially the data related to types of waste and their classification according lean techniques were analyzed and implemented on a production process. The data were recorded for a whole month before implementation and for a whole month after implementation. Later the influence of the lean techniques was analyzed on two different sections of waste, for 5% significance value using paired t-test. It was found that there is a positive impact of lean techniques on some areas of production flow.
Supply chain models with imperfect quality items when end demand is sensitive to price and marketing expenditure
Authors: Yadav Rita , Pareek Sarla , Mittal Mandeep
Published: February 2018

This paper studies supply chain model for imperfect quality items under which unit price and unit marketing expenditure imposed by the buyer, regulates the demand of the item. It is presumed that with the accustomed supply chain model, all produced items are of good quality, coincidentally, it engrosses some percentage of defective items. Thus, inspection process becomes essential for the buyer to segregate the defective items, which are then sold at discounted price at the end of the screening process. In this paper, a supply chain model is ensued to substantiate the interaction and democracy of the participants in the supply chain, the buyer and seller, is pitched by non-cooperative and cooperative game theoretical approaches. In the non-cooperative method, the Stackelberg game approach is used in which one player behaves as a leader and another one as a follower. The co-operative game approach is based on a Pareto efficient solution concept, in which both the players work together to enhance their profit. Lastly, to demonstrate the significance of the theory of the paper, numerical examples including sensitivity analysis are presented.
HRI Malta 2017—Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: HRI's Third International Research Conference in Malta
Authors: Mosley Angelina , Roberts E. , Partington Hazel , Gaertner Katharina , Fisher Peter , Rutten A. L. B. , Mathie Robert , Cartwright Steven , Fixsen Alison , Kokornaczyk Maria , Sokol Anezka , Tournier Alexander
Published: February 2018

The third international conference on “Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy” organised by the Homeopathy Research Institute (HRI) was held on the inspiring and historic island of Malta from 9th to 11th of June, 2017. One hundred and two abstracts underwent peer review by the HRI Scientific Advisory Committee and external experts to produce the programme of 36 oral presentations and 37 posters, presented by researchers from 19 countries. The 2.5-day programme covered a diverse range of topics, including quantitative and qualitative clinical research, basic research, veterinary research, and provings. These intensive plenary and parallel sessions were interspersed with multiple opportunities for delegates to discuss and exchange ideas, in particular through interactive panel discussions and a pre-conference workshop. The continuing commitment of the homeopathy research community to generate high-quality studies in this rapidly evolving field was clear. In this conference report, we present highlights from this memorable event.
Noscapine Derivatives as New Chiral Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis­: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes­
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Mohebbi Maryam , Bararjanian Morteza , Ebrahimi Samad , Smieško Martin
Published: February 2018

Noscapine, a natural alkaloid, has never been used as a parent scaffold in chiral induction. The first examples of noscapinoid compounds as efficient catalysts in asymmetric synthesis are now reported. Three derivatives of noscapine were synthesized from its reaction with different Grignard reagents. Asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes­ was performed in the presence of these catalysts in high yields and good to excellent ees.