bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Algorithms for Invasive and Expansive Species Classification Using Airborne Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Sabat-Tomala Anita , Raczko Edwin , Zagajewski Bogdan
Published: February 2020

Invasive and expansive plant species are considered a threat to natural biodiversity because of their high adaptability and low habitat requirements. Species investigated in this research, including Solidago spp., Calamagrostis epigejos, and Rubus spp., are successfully displacing native vegetation and claiming new areas, which in turn severely decreases natural ecosystem richness, as they rapidly encroach on protected areas (e.g., Natura 2000 habitats). Because of the damage caused, the European Union (EU) has committed all its member countries to monitor biodiversity. In this paper we compared two machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF), to identify Solidago spp., Calamagrostis epigejos, and Rubus spp. on HySpex hyperspectral aerial images. SVM and RF are reliable and well-known classifiers that achieve satisfactory results in the literature. Data sets containing 30, 50, 100, 200, and 300 pixels per class in the training data set were used to train SVM and RF classifiers. The classifications were performed on 430-spectral bands and on the most informative 30 bands extracted using the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation. As a result, maps of the spatial distribution of analyzed species were achieved; high accuracies were observed for all data sets and classifiers (an average F1 score above 0.78). The highest accuracies were obtained using 30 MNF bands and 300 sample pixels per class in the training data set (average F1 score > 0.9). Lower training data set sample sizes resulted in decreased average F1 scores, up to 13 percentage points in the case of 30-pixel samples per class.
Monitoring of Temperature in Retail Refrigerated Cabinets Applying IoT Over Open-Source Hardware and Software
Authors: Ramírez-Faz José , Fernández-Ahumada Luis Manuel , Fernández-Ahumada Elvira , López-Luque Rafael
Published: February 2020

The control of refrigeration in the food chain is fundamental at all stages, with special emphasis on the retail stage. The implementation of information and communication technologies (IoT, open-source hardware and software, cloud computing, etc.) is representing a revolution in the operational paradigm of food control. This paper presents a low-cost IoT solution, based on free hardware and software, for monitoring the temperature in refrigerated retail cabinets. Specifically, the use of the ESP-8266-Wi-Fi microcontroller with DS18B20 temperature sensors is proposed. The ThingSpeak IoT platform is used to store and process data in the cloud. The solution presented is robust, affordable, and flexible, allowing to extend the scope of supervising other relevant parameters in the operating process (light control, energy efficiency, consumer presence, etc.).
Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging for Burn Wounds Diagnostics
Authors: Owda Amani , Owda Majdi , Rezgui Nacer-Ddine
Published: February 2020

The need for technologies to monitor the wound healing under dressing materials has led us to investigate the feasibility of using microwave and millimetre wave radiations due to their sensitivity to water, non- ionising nature, and transparency to dressing materials and clothing. This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from an active microwave and millimetre wave scanner operating over the band 15–40 GHz. Experimental images obtained from porcine skin samples with the presence of dressing materials and after the application of localised heat treatments reveal that SAR images can be used for diagnosing burns and for potentially monitoring the healing under dressing materials. The experimental images were extracted separately from the amplitude and phase measurements of the input reflection coefficient (S11). The acquired images indicate that skin and burns can be detected and observed through dressing materials as well as features of the skin such as edges, irregularities, bends, burns, and variation in the reflectance of the skin. These unique findings enable a microwave and millimetre-wave scanner to be used for evaluating the wound healing progress under dressing materials without their often-painful removal: a capability that will reduce the cost of healthcare, distress caused by long waiting hours, and the healthcare interventional time.
Rethinking Women’s Empowerment: Insights from the Russian Arctic
Authors: Rozanova Marya S. , Mikheev Valeriy L.
Published: February 2020

This article examines women’s political empowerment in the Russian Arctic as an example of progress towards gender equality. In contrast to women’s severe underrepresentation in Russian federal politics, a strong trend towards women’s political empowerment can be observed in the Arctic regions of the country. Using the Nenets Autonomous Region as a case study, this article is aimed at narrowing the research gaps in women’s leadership by examining the representation of female deputies in both the regional and local levels of government/self-government. Research on women’s numerical representation indicates that women’s participation and political empowerment in decision-making processes are manifested most vividly in predominantly indigenous communities. Placing a special focus on these Arctic communities, this study describes the historical and institutional roots that impact shifts in traditional gender role and contribute to a phenomenon of indigenous women’s empowerment. Along with this positive pattern of women’s leadership, this study also reveals an alarming trend of “reverse gender disparity” concerning men’s severe underrepresentation in positions of power in indigenous communities of the North. The study results suggest that to achieve gender equality, a holistic approach to women’s empowerment requires taking into account socio-cultural and historical contexts, as well as regional and territorial disparities.
Will Consumers Pay More for Efficient Delivery? An Empirical Study of What Affects E-Customers’ Satisfaction and Willingness to Pay on Online Shopping in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Swapan Kumar , Zhuang Guijun , Li Sihan
Published: February 2020

The delivery of products to the end consumer has been widely considered in the e-commerce sector as new challenges to reach customers and provide them with timely and efficient delivery have surfaced. Less focus has been given to information about delivery efficiency that impacts online shoppers’ relations with e-retailers. This study’s research model builds on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT-2) by adding the critical e-commerce variables of delivery efficiency, cost-saving efficiency, and online purchase experience (shopping satisfaction and subsequent willingness to pay). The conceptual model was tested, and samples were collected using an online survey hosted on Google Forms using e-mail in Bangladesh. The findings show that consumers’ willingness to pay is enhanced by satisfaction with online shopping and delivery efficiency. The study also contributes insights into how cost-saving efficiency affects online customer satisfaction and the intention to repurchase. Also, by applying hierarchical regression analysis, this study contributes to understanding how e-retailers can provide a functional online experience for customers. Finally, our findings offer guidelines to e-retailers regarding increasing shopping satisfaction, the intention to repurchase, and the willingness to pay more.
Research on the Sustainable Synergetic Development of Chinese Urban Economies in the Context of a Study of Industrial Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Meng Qingchun
Published: February 2020

Synergetic development is the basis and means for the sustainable development of regional economies. Research on the synergetic economic relationship between cities and the exposure of the internal structure and evolution mechanisms of the Urban Economic Synergetic Development Network (UESDN) in the context of industrial agglomeration promote the construction and sustainable development of such a system. Industrial agglomeration not only affects the spatial distribution of industrial structures and enterprise activities but also causes differences in city positions. Using input–output theory, this study constructed a UESDN for China in 2005, 2010, and 2015, and employed social-network analysis to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China’s synergetic development pattern. The degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the UESDN were computed using models in complex-network theory. This study found that the synergetic development pattern of Chinese urban economies has gradually developed from the hub-spoke model focused on Eastern provincial capitals to the network model of eastern and central cities over the period of 2005–2015. A few key cities act as intermediaries that carry economic factors with the shortest path in the UESDN. The Yangtze River economic belt, the axis belt of the Eastern coast and that of the Western economic belt were gradually formed. The number and strength of the correlation between cities within the subgroups have also continually increased. In our conclusion, we offer some suggestions for establishing a system of synergetic development between cities to improve urbanization levels.
Learning with Older Adults through Intergenerational Service Learning in Physical Education Teacher Education
Authors: Ruiz-Montero Pedro J. , Chiva-Bartoll Oscar , Salvador-García Celina , González-García Cristian
Published: February 2020

(1) Background: The population of older adults is growing faster but most of them experience physical, psychological, and social limitations. Higher education should reflect these concerns by providing students appropriate skills to support a sustainable society and putting the acquired theoretical knowledge into practice. Intergenerational Service Learning (SL) is an educational approach capable of contributing to these requirements. The goal of the study was to analyze the effects of an intergenerational SL program from the complementary perspective of the different agents involved. (2) Methods: The study used hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, widely used in educational research. A total of 23 (three female) Physical Education Teacher Education students (PETEs) and 20 older adults (three male) participated. Reflective journals were used for PETEs and semi-structured group interviews for older adults. (3) Results: The following categories emerged from PETEs: social sensitivity and disconfirmation of negative stereotypes, academic and professional learnings, satisfaction and personal growth, and desire for social justice. From older adults, four complementary categories emerged: disconfirmation of negative stereotypes, improvement of physical function, satisfaction and desire of continuity, and social interaction. (4) Conclusions: Intergenerational SL offers important social and educational inputs by deconstructing negative stereotypes and providing positive experiences to both PETEs and older adults.
Effect of Transaction Rules on Enterprise Transaction Costs Based on Williamson Transaction Cost Theory in Nanhai, China
Authors: Deng Meie , Zhang Anlu
Published: February 2020

The high transaction costs due to the incomplete information and transaction rules of the rural collective construction land (RCCL) market indicate that the government must improve the rural collective construction land market. Transaction rules are an important means for the government to intervene in the market and promote the development of market order, to secure land tenure, and to improve the disclosure of information. Vertical integration may reduce enterprise transaction costs but will increase the governance cost of internal organizations in enterprises. Land commercialization and corporate governance restructuring is a considerable challenge worldwide. Using a field survey in Nanhai district, Guangdong province, China, we estimated how the transaction costs of the RCCL are influenced not only by three dimensions of transaction rules—openness, equity, and justice—but also by the human asset in EC or EJC. Tobit models were constructed, and the results show that (1) the greater number of collective leaders, the higher the enterprise transaction cost (human asset in EC or EJC increases transaction costs of enterprises) and (2) the transaction rules are not sufficiently open or fair, which leads to high costs of market information searching, opportunism, and corruption. The transaction information is not transparent and the lag in transaction supervision mode gives rise to unfair transactions, in which the formation mode of land price is unreasonable. Therefore, we suggest that the transaction rules of RCCL market should be further improved in the three dimensions of openness, equity, and justice. Chinese authorities should strengthen their current efforts to build a more open and fair market by reducing the transaction costs of enterprises and improving the transaction efficiency. Our work provides some insights into the improvement of market efficiency which will contribute to the development of the RCCL market in other areas of China and worldwide.
A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Method for Simultaneous Multi-Periodic Train Timetabling and Routing on a High-Speed Rail Network
Authors: Zhou Wenliang , You Xiaorong , Fan Wenzhuang
Published: February 2020

To avoid conflicts among trains at stations and provide passengers with a periodic train timetable to improve service level, this paper mainly focuses on the problem of multi-periodic train timetabling and routing by optimizing the routes of trains at stations and their entering time and leaving time on each chosen arrival–departure track at each visited station. Based on the constructed directed graph, including unidirectional and bidirectional tracks at stations and in sections, a mixed integer linear programming model with the goal of minimizing the total travel time of trains is formulated. Then, a strategy is introduced to reduce the number of constraints for improving the solved efficiency of the model. Finally, the performance, stability and practicability of the proposed method, as well as the impact of some main factors on the model are analyzed by numerous instances on both a constructed railway network and Guang-Zhu inter-city railway; they are solved using the commercial solver WebSphere ILOG CPLEX (International Business Machines Corporation, New York, NY, USA). Experimental results show that integrating multi-periodic train timetabling and routing can be conducive to improving the quality of a train timetable. Hence, good economic and social benefits for high-speed rail can be achieved, thus, further contributing to the sustained development of both high-speed railway systems and society.
Contribution to the Knowledge of Cultural Heritage via a Heritage Information System (HIS). The Case of “La Cultura del Agua” in Valverde de Burguillos, Badajoz (Spain)
Authors: Domínguez-Ruíz Victoria , Rey-Pérez Julia , Rivero-Lamela Gloria
Published: February 2020

Modern science is going through a period of important reflection on the role of different agents and multiple disciplines in the management and safeguarding of architectural heritage. This new focus generates a greater amount and diversity of information, so the implementation of a unifying tool in the framework of digital information models would mean a better knowledge of cultural heritage as well as aiding its safeguarding and protection. In addition, it must be taken into account that, for the correct management of information in its broadest dimension, this tool must make it possible to relate alphanumeric data about an item of heritage to its spatial location. In this sense, this article proposes a Heritage Information System (HIS)—understood as a digital knowledge tool—that consists of a relational database and a map manager with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology (a geodatabase). The methodology suggested here sets out the steps that make up the HIS, so that the system can be applied to other geographical elements or realities. For this reason, a study was made of “La Cultura del Agua” in Valverde de Burguillos (Spain), a heritage ensemble that consists of rural architecture and dispersed preindustrial elements, which are currently at risk. The HIS seeks to develop a more complete identification of these elements (individually and as a system) and a justified argument for their being given value and great visibility. This new approach encourages sustainable development in terms of efficiency and effectiveness for the analysis, diagnosis, and reactivation of cultural heritage, always placing importance on the balance of social participation with the territory in which the system is applied, and with global society.
Identifying Ecosystem Key Factors to Support Sustainable Water Management
Authors: Vannevel Rudy , Goethals Peter L.M.
Published: February 2020

There is a growing consensus that sustainable development requires a behavioral change, forced by firm decision-making. However, existing decision-supporting tools are unlikely to provide relevant information, hampered by the complexity of combined socio-economic and natural systems. Protecting the intrinsic value of ecosystems and providing sufficient natural resources for human use at the same time leads up to a wide span of management, ranging from species traits to governance. The aim of this study is to investigate the interactions between the natural and economic systems from the perspective of sustainable development. The way to reduce systems complexity by selecting key factors of ecosystem functioning for policy and management purposes is discussed. To achieve this, the Pentatope Model is used as a holistic framework, an ecosystem nodes network is developed to select key factors, and a combined natural and socio-economic valuation scheme is drawn. These key factors—abiotic resources and conditions, biodiversity, and biomass—are considered fundamental to the ecosystem properties habitat range and carrying capacity. Their characteristics are discussed in relation to sustainable water management. The conclusion is that sustainable development requires environmental decision-making that includes the intrinsic natural value, and should be supported by ecological modelling, additional environmental quality standards, and substance balances.
Revisiting the “City Life Cycle”: Global Urbanization and Implications for Regional Development
Authors: Cividino Sirio , Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir Rares , Salvati Luca
Published: February 2020

A comparative, diachronic analysis of urban population dynamics allows for the identification of specific demographic trajectories influencing metropolitan expansion worldwide. However, a wide-ranging characterization of long-term population trends in metropolitan areas identifying sequential urban cycles with distinctive demographic dynamics is still incomplete. By hypothesizing a trade-off between ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ population dynamics that reflect ‘high’ and ‘low’ fertility regimes in both advanced and emerging economies, the present work investigates the relationship between city size (considering absolute population) and population growth rate in 1857 metropolitan agglomerations (>300,000 inhabitants in 2014) of 154 countries across the globe. Analysis covers a relatively long time period (1950–2030) and uses descriptive statistics (average and coefficient of variation) of the spatial series of population growth rates derived from United Nations demographics by metropolitan agglomeration and time interval. The results of our study indicate that metropolitan growth was associated with highly variable rates of population growth, being highly positive before 2000 and declining progressively in the subsequent decades. Despite important differences at the regional scale, an inverse relationship between population growth and city size was observed up to the late 1990s, with a higher spatial heterogeneity reflecting a moderate slowdown in demographic dynamics during recent years. Rapid population expansion dependent on city size and a higher spatial heterogeneity in growth rates insensitive to city size, evidence distinct metropolitan cycles reflecting worldwide transition from high to low fertility, ageing, and more unpredictable migration patterns.
The Importance of Understanding Social and Cultural Norms in Delivering Quality Health Care—A Personal Experience Commentary
Authors: Latif Ahmed S.
Published: February 2020

The objectives of this paper are to provide a review of the author’s personal experiences working in culturally diverse environments and to emphasize the importance of recognizing the social determinants of health. While some determinants of health are modifiable others are not, in addition it is emphasized that cultural safety in delivering health care is crucial if services provided are to be appropriate and acceptable to health care seekers. Cultural sensitivity is needed if one is to make a change in health outcomes in culturally diverse environments. The development and delivery of culturally safe services is more acceptable to community members and is important if a difference is to be made in health inequities. Training in delivering culturally safe services should include both theoretical and practical components. Practical training should be conducted under supervision in remote settings so that trainees appreciate what their clients experience on a daily basis. Culturally “unsafe” clinical service has serious adverse effects. This commentary discusses the above factors and provides example cases from the author’s own career of where such factors have affected the health of individuals or groups.
Agenda 2030 y retos de inclusión social en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Tassara Carlo
Published: February 2020

En los primeros 15 años del siglo XXI, América Latina y el Caribe ha consolidado su estatus como región compuesta mayoritariamente por países de renta media, en un escenario internacional caracterizado por el estancamiento de las economías industrializadas y el auge de los países emergentes. El alza en los precios de las materias primas y el aumento de la exportación de commodities han impulsado este proceso. A pesar del cambio de ciclo político y económico, manifiesto a partir de 2014, esta coyuntura representa el telón de fondo para la puesta en marcha de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, que adoptó la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas en septiembre de 2015, y la consecución de sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Soste- nible (ODS). En este texto se analiza el marco geopolítico, económico y social en el cual surgió la Agenda 2030 con el propósito de: i) entender cuáles han sido los avances realizados y los desafíos pendientes para los países latinoamericanos y caribeños en lo referente a los ODS vinculados con la inclusión social, y ii) presentar reflexiones útiles como retroalimentación para los contenidos y la metodología de la cooperación internacional con América Latina y el Caribe.
Influence of different water access status of suckling calves on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites
Authors: ZAREİ Mohsen , SEIFDAVATI Jamal , GHORBANİ Gholam Reza , ABDİ BENEMAR Hossein , SEYED SHARİFİ Reza , KARİMİ Abdolhamid
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to determine the effects of water accessibility of pre-weaning calves during milk feeding meal on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites. Forty-eight Holstein calves (39.2 ± 5.8 kg of BW) were assigned to 4 treatments, which consisted of different water accessibility: 1) Ad libitum water (AW), 2) Water not available (WNA), 3) Water available after milk feeding (WAM) and 4) Water available before milk feeding (WBM). Resulted showed different water accessibility changed water consumption of calves. The water intake of AW (1.03 kg/d) and WBM (1.07 kg/d) treatments were higher than others. Starter intake of WBM decreased (P<0.05) as compared with others. Calves of WBM had higher (P<0.05) activity of serum AST. Blood Cl and K did not show the difference (P<0.05) among treatments. Serum TAC levels were higher (P<0.05) in WNA and WAM calves. Serum protein and HDL in WNA calves were higher (P<0.05) than others. These groups had higher (P<0.05) serum Na concentration than others. The different water accessibility of calves had no significant effects on health score, respiratory, fecal score and growth parameters. Treatments did not affect behaviors parameters. But the number of visiting water bucket of AW and WBM were higher than other groups. Acetic acid and propionic acid of AW calves significantly increased (P<0.05) as versus other treatments. Drinking water around milk feeding meal change water consumption, performance and improve some blood metabolites and rumen parameters of calves but did not influence growth parameters.
Efektivitas Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mindayani Sri , Susanti Wardhah , Agustin Neli , Tina Jawar
Published: February 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that arises in a person due to an increase in blood glucose levels above normal values. WHO Data (2016) showed the case of diabetes in Indonesia has an increased tendency of 5.7% in 2007 to 6.9% in 2016. This Data also showed that diabetes with complications is the third highest cause of death in Indonesia. Referring to national prevalency, the Province of West Sumatra has total Diabetes Mellitus as much as 1.3% which is in the order of 14 of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. Incidence of diabetes mellitus disease in Padang City is in the sixth order with the amount of 22,523 cases (DKK Padang, 2017). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the decoction of red betel leaf to decrease blood sugar levels of people with diabetes mellitus. The research design used was Quasy Experimentwith pretests and posttest group. This research conducted in the area of Puskesmas Padang Pasir from April to August 2019. Sampling techniques was purposive sampling with 10 research subjects, 5 people with 100 ml decoction of betel leaf and 5 people are given a 125 ml decoction of betel leaf for three times daily. The results of the average value before and after the intervention of blood sugar levels can be seen a decrease in blood sugar levels of respondents at a dose of 125 ml. In addition, the time of intervention should be more than 7 days for the effectiveness.
Schitul de la Berislăveşti, jud. Vâlcea (1999) / Le monastère de Berislǎveşti (Dép. de Vâlcea) (1999)
Authors: Marcu Istrate Daniela , Ioniţă Adrian
Published: February 2020

L’ensemble monastique a été édifié au milieux du XVIIIe siècle par le boyard Sandu Bucşenescu. Il s’agit d’une enceinte rectangulaire comprenant une maison d’abbé sur le côté du nord, une tour clocher sur le côté ouest, une église de plan triconque au milieu, et d’autres bâtiments (cellules) sur le côté sud. A l’occasion d’un projet de restauration, en 1999, on a effectué des fouilles archéologiques. Les 10 tranches (seulement neuf effectivement fouillées) ont eu comme but l’enregistrement des données concernant les caractéristiques techniques du bâtiments actuel – l’évolution des phases, la structure et la profondeur des fondations et des murs, l’évolution des niveaux de construction ; l’identification d’autres éventuelles constructions. Les fouilles ont rélevé plusieurs étapes de construction de l’ensemble monastique. Les fondations sont bâties en pierre et mortier contenant de très petits fragments de brique. Les murs sont construits en brique et en pierre. Au niveau actuel des recherches l’évolution de l’ensemble est la suivante : 1. l’église (1752– 1753) ; 2. la tour clocher et le mur d’enceinte du moins les côtés nord et ouest (déjà édifiés en 1762) ; 3. corps central de la maison d’abbé ; 4. chambre 1 (le beffroi) ; 5. chambres 2– 4 ; 6. chambre 8 (le côté est de la maison) ; 7. d’autres bâtiments ajoutés au côté ouest du mur d’enceinte au nord et au sud de la tour clocher ; bâtiments ajoutés à l’aille du nord y compris la véranda de la maison d’abbé. La stratigraphie générale, très simple, est la suivante : 1. argile – stérile archéologique ; 2. couche châtaine – terrassement pour préparer le terrain de la construction de l’église ; 3. très fine couche de cendre – résultée d’un déboisement par incendie avant la construction de l’église ; 4. niveau de construction des différentes bâtiments (cellules) de l’ensemble – mortier, pierre et brique ; 5 couche récente – terre châtain ou gris pigmenté de traces de mortier et de brique – qui indique d’interventions des XIXe – XXe siècles. Au cours des fouilles archéologiques on a trouvé quelques fragments céramiques, tous appartenant à l’époque moderne. Il faut souligner qu’ avant la construction de l’église (milieu du XVIIIe siècle) n’existe aucune trace d’habitation dans cet endroit.
Le gisement paléolithique moyen de Zăbrani (Département d’Arad)
Authors: Tuffreau Alain , Boroneanţ Vasile , Goval Émilie , Lefevre Bertrand , Boroneanţ Adina , Doboş Adrian , Popescu Gabriel
Published: February 2020

În aşezarea în aer liber de la Zăbrani (Banat, România), varietatea materiilor prime este mare, iar cuarţitul reprezintă jumătate din acestea. Pentru confecţionarea uneltelor a fost ales tot cuarţitul. Analiza lanţurilor operaţionale permite o mai bună înţelegere a folosirii cuarţitului (debitaj, suporturi, produse finite).
Biogeografie umană şi organizare tehnologică în Pleistocenul Superior în regiunea Carpaţilor Meridionali / Human bio-geographie and technical organization in upper Paleolithic in the souther Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Popescu Gabriel , Riel-Salvatore Julien , Barton C. Michael
Published: February 2020

Acest studiu reprezintă o analiză comportamentală a mai multor industrii litice aparţinând Paleoliticului mijlociu şi superior, provenite din 14 situri localizate în regiunea Carpaţilor Meridionali. Folosind analiza întregului ansamblu litic, arătăm că hominizii care au realizat aceste unelte de piatră nu par să fi diferit fundamental, în termenii flexibilităţii strategiilor de mobilitate teritorială, pe care le-au folosit în exploatarea mediului. Considerăm că schimbările climatice pe scară mare au fost factori motrice mai importanţi decât schimbările biologice, la nivelul modificărilor comportamentale de-a lungul Pleistocenului superior, în această regiune, inclusiv în intervalul tranziţiei de la Paleoliticului mijlociu la superior. Rezultatele la care am ajuns sunt similare celor obţinute în alte regiuni, cu ajutorul aceleiaşi metode, sugerând faptul că aceasta este o trăsătură generalizată a „ tranziţiei” pe întregul Eurasiei. Remodelarea tranziţiei sub forma unui proces mai degrabă ecologic, decât unul pur biocultural, permite oferirea de noi perspective în abordarea problemei modificărilor comportamentale pe parcursul Pleistocenului superior şi sugerează, că procesul denumit „ Tranziţia de Paleoliticul mijlociu la Paleoliticul superior” este esenţialmente un scurt segment al unor procese mult mai extinse, determinate de interacţiunea om-mediu, ce vor fi culminat cu strategiile logistice foarte mobile, documentate pe tot continentul odată cu Ultimul Maximum Glaciar.
Alte und neue Bronzefunde aus Rotbav, „La Pârâuţ“
Authors: Dietrich Laura , Dietrich Oliver
Published: February 2020

Der Artikel präsentiert bislang unpublizierte Bronzefunde aus der Siedlung Rotbav, „ La Pârâuţ“, die sich zum Teil aufgrund ihrer Fundkontexte der Wietenberg-, Noua-oder Gáva-Kultur zuordnen lassen. Auch auf in der Literatur schon länger bekannte Funde von dieser Stelle wird nochmals kritisch eingegangen.
Cercetări arheologice preventive la Nufăru, jud. Tulcea / Recherches archéologiques préventives à Nufăru, dép. de Tulcea
Authors: Damian Oana , Vasile Mihai , Stănică Aurel , Bănăseanu Anca , Samson Andra
Published: February 2020

Autorii prezintă rezultatele cercetărilor arheologice preventive efectuate în 2006 într-un sit arheologic din nordul Dobrogei, sit în întregime suprapus de o aşezare contemporană în al cărei intravilan se află. Cercetarea a fost determinată de un proiect de modernizare a sistemului de alimentare cu apă a localităţii, desfăşurat de Consiliul Local Nufăru. După o trecere în revistă a informaţiilor arheologice obţinute de-a lungul a trei decenii de cercetări (existenţa unei fortificaţii ridicate în ultimul sfert al secolului al X-lea, după recucerirea zonei Dunării de Jos de către imperiul bizantin, a unor structuri de locuire, necropole, materiale arheologice încadrabile între secolul al X-lea şi mijlocul secolului al XIII-lea), articolul prezintă descoperirile arheologice de pe străzile localităţii afectate de proiect. Acestea se referă la : epoca fierului (o groapă menajeră, fragmente ceramice, un mormânt de incineraţie), epoca romană şi romano-bizantină (vestigiile unei construcţii şi morminte de inhumaţie), epoca bizantină (segmente din curtina de nord şi de sud, locuinţe şi gropi menajere, precum şi morminte de inhumaţie), epoca modernă (complexe funerare). Cercetarea din campania 2006 a confirmat achiziţiile ştiinţifice anterioare, îmbogăţind datele cunoscute despre sit şi a permis arheologilor obţinerea unei imagini mai precise asupra potenţialului arheologic al zonei, oferind totodată mai multe elemente pentru asigurarea protecţiei sale.
Radiocarbon Dating and Faunal Stable Isotopes for the Galeria Principală, Peştera Muierii, Baia de Fier, Gorj County, Romania
Authors: Doboş Adrian , Soficaru Andrei , Popescu Aurelian , Trinkaus Erik
Published: February 2020

Radiocarbon dates and stable isotope signatures are presented for six faunal samples from the Galeria Principală, Peştera Muierii. Despite stratigraphic incertainties, the samples should date from the earlier Upper Paleolithic of this portion of the site to ~ 30,000 14C BP and the Middle Paleolithic levels to ~ 41,000 to ~ 47,500 14C BP, with the deeper levels being beyond radiocarbon age (> 52,000 14C BP). These dates therefore imply that the Pleistocene human occupation of the site consists of a relatively late Early Upper Paleolithic (or very early Middle Upper Paleolithic) and a fairly late Middle Paleolithic. Stable isotope analysis of the dated samples reinforces the ecological flexibility of Late Pleistocene cave bears.
Pietrele-Măgura Gorgana: o aşezare eneolitică la Dunărea de Jos între 4500 şi 4250 î.e. / Siedlung Măgura Gorgana bei Pietrele an der Unteren Donau
Authors: Toderaş Meda , Hansen Svend , Reingruber Agathe , Wunderlich Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Noile cercetări de pe tell-ul eneolitic „ Măgura Gorgana”, lângă satul Pietrele la Dunărea de Jos au început în anul 2002, printr-un proiect de colaborare între Institutul German de Arheologie, Secţia Eurasia, Institutul de Arheologie „ Vasile Pârvan” al Academiei Române şi Institutul de Geografie Fizică al Universităţii „ Johann Wolfgang Goethe” din Frankfurt a. M. Scopul cercetărilor este obţinerea de informaţii asupra cronologiei culturii Gumelniţa, asupra arhitecturii clădirilor, a organizării aşezării, cât şi asupra strategiilor economice şi a folosirii spaţiului de către locuitorii din a doua jumătate al mileniului V î. e. n. În cadrul săpăturilor au putut fi întreprinse cercetări geomagnetice pe tell precum şi în imediata apropiere a acestuia. Şirurile de clădiri de pe colină, vizibile în magnetogram, au fost verificate prin săpături. Neaşteptată a fost identificarea unei aşezări întinse la poalele tell-ului şi a unei necropole cu cel puţin 50 de morminte, la vest de tell. Pe o imagine de satelit Corona din 1967 a fost vizibilă o amenajare cu şanţ circular. Prospecţiunea geomagnetică a confirmat existenţa a trei şanţuri concentrice. Aşezarea a fost, deci, cu mult mai mare decât s-a presupus iniţial. Pluralitatea activităţilor specializate, documentate pe tell, sugerează existenţa unei populaţii mult mai numeroase. Descoperirea aşezării întinse din jurul tell-lui ridică o nouă serie de întrebări privind rolul aşezării de pe colină precum şi al locuitorilor săi şi va contribui la o revizuire fundamentală a imaginii asupra aşezărilor eneolitice de tip tell. Cercetările fluvial-morfologice au dus la o nouă cunoaştere a dezvoltării luncii Dunării şi a sistemului fluvial din zona Pietrele. Forajele şi măsurătorile geofizice din jurul tell-ului au arătat că prin sedimentele din zona inundabilă precum şi prin solurile şi sedimentele (coluviile) de pe terasele adiacente se află la îndemână arhive remarcabile, care permit afirmaţii fundamentate atât asupra potenţialului de folosinţă al spaţiului, dar şi asupra impactului uman asupra gospodăririi ţinutului, intensificat ulterior epocii neolitice.
Câteva date privind încetarea funcţionării cetăţii de la Caraşova-Grad (jud. Caraş-Severin) / Quelques données sur la fin de la forteresse de Caraşova- Grad (dép. de Caraş-Severin)
Authors: Oţa Silviu , Oţa Liana
Published: February 2020

De-a lungul timpului, mai multe interpretări eronate, sau chiar fanteziste, au fost puse în circulaţie în legătură cu cetatea medievală de la Caraşova. Greşelile unor istorici şi arheologi au fost amplificate şi datorită confuziei, voite sau nu, cu cetatea de la Haram, deşi fortificaţia în discuţie, Caraşova (Krassófővár) nu este cea de la Haram (Krassóvár). Datele oferite de sursele istorice asupra sfârşitului cetăţii sunt sumare. Informaţia arheologică este relativ sumară, dar esenţială pentru clarificarea modului în care a încetat să mai fie utilizată cetatea Caraşova. Câteva elemente pot fi aduse în discuţie : distrugerea incintei nr. 3 pe latura de sud-vest ; prezenţa unui nivel de incendiere a turnului de lângă primul şanţ de apărare, datat cu un cuţit de Stiria ; un vârf de lance care poate fi datat la sfârşitul secolului al XVI-lea ; situaţia stratigrafică din S 5/ 2001 ; reutilizarea cetăţii după o primă distrugere. Ceea ce putem spune în acest stadiu al cercetării, ca observaţie arheologică preliminară, este faptul că fortificaţia a suferit două mari distrugeri într-un interval de timp relativ scurt.
Mesolithic Agriculture or Neolithic Expansion in the Northern Balkans: the case of Iron Gates
Authors: Dinu Alexandru
Published: February 2020

This paper reviews the hypothesis of Mesolithic agricultural practices at the northern shore Lepenski Vir – Schela Cladovei culture sites of the Danube Iron Gates. Such possible economic development is considered against more recent radiocarbon dates corroborated with archaeobotanical studies, information on site location and habitation, natural environment, and agricultural tools and facilities present or absent in the archaeological record. The study concludes that the Mesolithic period at the Iron Gates cannot be associated with any of the economic developments defining even an incipient stage of agricultural practices.
Fragmentele de necropole de la Oradea-Salca Gheţărie din secolele VI şi X–XII / [Die] Gräberfelderteile aus Oradea- Salca Gheţărie aus dem 6. und 10.–12. Jahrhundert
Authors: Harhoiu Radu , Gáll Erwin , Lakatos Attila
Published: February 2020

Rezumat : În primăvara anului 2008, cu prilejul inventarierii pieselor aflate în colecţia Institutului de Arheologie „ Vasile Pârvan” din Bucureşti s-a găsit inventarul a 23 morminte datate în secolele X– XI şi a trei morminte din epoca migraţiilor, provenite din fosta colecţie a Muzeului Naţional de Antichităţi. Mormintele au fost descoperite la Oradea de către arheologul amator Friedrich Ardos în perioada interbelică, foarte probabil între anii 1933– 1936, în locul numit Salca Gheţărie (vezi mai jos descrierea topografică a sitului), iar inventarul lor a ajuns la Muzeul Naţional de Antichităţi din Bucureşti după anul 1949. Câteva decenii mai târziu şi anume în anul 1960, tot la Oradea – Salca Gheţărie, Nicolae Chidioşan a deschis două suprafeţe (suprafaţa A şi E) şi a descoperit alte şase morminte (două morminte duble, dintre care unul notat cu A– B, celălalt cu numerele 6– 7), aparţinând secolelor X– XI. Piesele rezultate din descoperirile funerare de la Oradea-Salca sunt în cea mai mare parte piese de podoabă şi de port. Dintre acestea, într-o proporţie covârşitoare sunt podoabe de cap (în special inele de tâmplă, respectiv un număr mic de cercei), câteva exemplare de podoabe ale mâinilor (brăţări şi inele digitale), ale gâtului, precum şi accesorii vestimentare reprezentate de aplice de dimensiuni mai mari, care probabil împodobeau caftanul. O altă categorie este reprezentată de piesele de armament : diferite tipuri de vârfuri de săgeţi şi un fragment de armătura a tolbei. Din punctul de vedere al funcţionalităţii şi al cantităţii, artefactele din necropola de la Oradea-Salca aparţin culturii materiale a secolelor X– XI din bazinul carpatic, reprezentată de principalul izvor arheologic al perioadei – necropolele. Din această perspectivă, fragmentul de necropolă publicat acum aduce noi date asupra istoriei zonei oraşului Oradea şi a împrejurimilor sale. Datele arheologice indică faptul că şi zona Oradei a intrat sub dominaţia culturii stepice în secolul X, perioadă în care au fost colonizate diverse populaţii, ale căror obiceiuri rituale se observă în înmormântările cu arme şi cu resturile calului. În cazul depunerii armelor, în special în morminte de bărbaţi, se poate urmări depunerea vârfurilor de săgeţi în tolbă (Oradea-Salca, Biharkeresztes – str. Bethlen Gábor 25, Magyarhomorog-Kónyadomb, Körösszegapáti-Pállapály). Se mai poate remarca faptul, că din punct de vedere cultural, persoanele de gen feminin purtau diferite tipuri de podoabe. Apariţia acestor comunităţi poate fi legată de fenomenul sociologic şi militar al migraţiei maghiare, a cărei consecinţă istorică a fost, peste 100 de ani, crearea regatului, care a înglobat toate comunităţile epocii medievale timpurii din bazinul carpatic.
Brăţări din sârme torsionate şi împletite, lăţite la capete (secolele X–XV) / The Torsioned and Knitted Bracelets (the Xth – XVth centuries)
Authors: Oţa Silviu , Dragotă Aurel , Rustoiu Gabriel T.
Published: February 2020

Prezentul studiu face o analiză a brăţărilor torsionate şi a celor împletite cu plăcuţe la capete. Prima parte prezintă istoricul cercetării în România. Urmează repertoriul descoperirilor sistematizat pe provincii, tipul descoperirilor, materialele de execuţie şi tehnicile utilizate. În funcţie de tehnicile de execuţie a corpului brăţărilor, a formelor şi decorului plăcuţelor au fost stabilite tipologia pieselor pentru teritoriul actual al României. Spre final, este realizată o cronologie relativă şi una absolută a brăţărilor, fiind luat în considerare în special şi spaţiul Bulgariei şi Serbiei estice. Au fost clasificate astfel brăţări care au corpul torsionat şi cele cu corpul împletit. Primele cuprind trei mari tipuri şi câteva subtipuri. Brăţările care au corpul împletit cuprind şi ele trei tipuri. În final, au fost stabilite ariile de difuzare cronologică şi spaţială a tipurilor de brăţări stabilite în sud-estul Europei. În ceea ce priveşte brăţările care au corpul torsionat, se disting mai multe arii sau zone de difuzare. Avem astfel un grup de brăţări (Dinogetia) databil în secolele X– XI din Dobrogea, cu analogii în spaţiul rusesc şi Bulgaria. Urmează o brăţară caracteristică zonei estice a Balcanilor datată în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIII-lea şi începutul celui următor (Mihail Kogălniceanu). Cel de-al treilea grup este format de piesele din Moldova de la Oţeleni şi Voineşti, databile în a doua jumătate a secolului XIII. Un alt grup este contituit din piese din diferite regiuni ale României (Transilvania, Dobrogea, Moldova), datate din a doua jumătate a secolului al XIII-lea până la mijlocul celui următor (Păcuiul lui Soare, Amnaş, Voineşti). Cel mai târziu grup este format de piesele de la Basarabi, Jiana Mare şi piesele din Banat. Ele se datează la sfârşitul veacului al XIV-lea şi probabil începutul celui următor. Lor li se mai adaugă şi piese fără analogii directe cum ar fi cele de le Runcu (sec. XIII), Schela Cladovei (cca. 1325– 1420). Brăţările din sârme împletite, mai puţin utilizate, se concentrează în Oltenia la Gogoşu (sfârşitul secolului al XIV-lea şi începului secolului al XV-lea) şi Şuşiţa (sfârşitul secolului al XIV-lea) şi un exemplar în Moldova la Voineşti (a doua jumătate a secolului al XIII-lea).
Excavations at the Medieval Fortress in Feldioara/Marienburg, 2007
Authors: Pluskowski Aleks , Ioniţă Adrian , Seetah Krish
Published: February 2020

Raportul prezintă rezultatele sondajelor efectuate în 2007 la cetatea Feldioara/ Marienburg cu scopul obţinerii de date privind mediul înconjurător (oase de animale, resturi de plante) şi impactul ecologic al construirii fortificaţiei, în special a primei faze, considerate a aparţine cavalerilor teutoni. Au fost efectuate cinci scurte secţiuni din care s-au recoltat fragmente ceramice preistorice (Neolitic, Epoca Bronzului, Hallstatt, La Tène) şi medievale, mici obiecte metalice, oase de animale şi o monedă emisă de Carol Robert. Într-una dintre secţiuni a fost reidentificat zidul fazei I atribuit teutonilor.
Restitutio – Situl arheologic de la Pescari-Alibeg, jud. Caraş-Severin
Authors: Boroneanţ Adina
Published: February 2020

Lucrarea de faţă îşi propune să completeze informaţiile arheologice referitoare la situl arheologic de la Alibeg, cercetat în 1971, parte a săpăturilor de salvare ce au avut loc cu ocazia construcţiei hidrocentralei Porţile de Fier I. Sunt prezentate date noi regăsite în carnetele şi notele de săpătură ale lui V. Boroneanţ, dar şi planuri şi fotografii inedite, referitoare atât la locuirea mezolitică, cât şi la cea neolitică timpurie. Studiul materialului ceramic, deşi nu extrem de numeros, oferă o bună imagine asupra nivelului neolitic timpuriu descoperit la Alibeg. Articolul se doreşte primul dintr-o serie care va relua problematica tranziţiei de la mezolitic la neoliticul timpuriu în siturile cercetate în zona Porţile de Fier cu ocazia construcţiei celor două hidrocentrale, într-o încercare de a oferi o imagine mai clară asupra celor două tipuri de comunităţi (mezolitică şi neolitică timpurie) şi a posibilelor interacţiuni dintre ele.
Nouvelles témoignages sur les canabae de la XIe légion Claudia à Durostorum
Authors: Cîrjan Romeo
Published: February 2020

În anul 1926, cu ocazia săpăturilor efectuate la fundaţia agenţiei Băncii Naţionale a României de la Silistra (astăzi, Muzeul Regional de Arheologie Silistra, Bulgaria), a fost descoperit colţul unei clădiri care, conform adâncimilor indicate pe planuri, aparţine canabae-lor legiunii XI Claudia de la Durostorum. Pornind de la amplasamentul acestei săpături, precum şi de la descoperirile anterioare ale arheologilor bulgari, este propusă o schiţă de morfologie urbană a canabaelor.
Piese de metal, os, sticlă şi piatră descoperite în cetatea de la Caraşova-Grad (com. Caraşova, jud. Caraş-Severin)
Authors: Oţa Silviu , Oţa Liana , Georgescu Migdonia , Popa Elek
Published: February 2020

Cercetările arheologice întreprinse în cetatea de la Caraşova-Grad (com. Caraşova, jud. Caraş-Severin), în anii 1998, 2000 şi 2001, au dus la descoperirea unui număr relativ important de piese de metal, sticlă, os şi piatră. Dat fiind caracterul cercetărilor (fortificaţia este în stare avansată de degradare din cauza intervenţiilor căutătorilor de comori), dar şi faptului că încetarea funcţionării ei a survenit ca urmare a unor distrugeri violente în cursul secolului al XVI-lea, cea mai mare parte a pieselor de metal, os, piatră şi sticlă nu provine din contexte stratigrafice clare. Cele mai multe obiecte mărunte aparţin secolelor XV– XVI, fiind datate în ultimele faze de funcţionare a cetăţii. Locurile în care au fost descoperite, precum şi poziţia stratigrafică a pieselor aflate in situ confirmă că cetatea a fost supusă unor atacuri şi a suferit distrugeri masive în special în secolul al XVI-lea.