bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making joint ventures work
Authors: Ibels David , Van Grondelle Marc , Peacock Jonathon , Smith Jonathan
Published: November 2018

No LNG capital project in Australia can survive without excelling in joint ventures; yet, the practicalities of them are often overlooked. The Australian oil and gas market has some of the most complex joint-venture arrangements in the world, and there is much we can learn from a global perspective about how to make them work.
Too often, joint ventures are forced marriages between two or more parties who misunderstand each other and have widely differing aims. Organisations often rely too much on the joint-venture agreement, devote too few resources to the venture itself, and pay scant attention to any warning signs of trouble.
The authors see that international oil companies typically have about 30–40% of their portfolios tied up in joint ventures. This is set to grow to about 70–80% during the next 5–8 years as they enter new territories in the hope of securing new resources.
Although joint ventures are familiar ground for oil and gas companies, such operators often struggle to make them work. Cost overruns, schedule delays, compliance issues, renegotiations, and erosions of value are common.
There are, however, ways to make joint ventures work more effectively, including:

knowing what is expected of all parties and monitoring these expectations;
improving transparency of information between joint-venture parties;
ensuring expectations are realistic and continuing to validate them;
paying particular attention in the first year of a joint venture;
proactively strengthening existing joint ventures; and,
staffing and resourcing joint ventures with care.
Using regional community consultative committees to improve stakeholder collaboration
Authors: Phalen John
Published: November 2018

The importance of stakeholder engagement is often discussed, but there is something more powerful: stakeholder collaboration. It is one thing to have your stakeholders fully informed and understanding of proposals, but how much more beneficial would it be if they partake in creating proposals? Success among all parties is a value shared by staff on the $18.5b Santos GLNG CSG to LNG Project. While regular and meaningful engagement has been critical to the active stakeholders (more than 4,000) impacted by the project, the greatest community outcomes have occurred through collaboration.
The concept of collaboration applies just as much to the internal stakeholders of an organisation as it does to the external audience. This extended abstract focuses on collaboration opportunities with external stakeholders using examples from the Santos GLNG Project.
‘The whole is greater than the sum of its parts’, an often-used quote from Aristotle, is fundamental to the notion of stakeholder collaboration. Far greater results can be achieved by working together. In 2009, Santos created the Roma Community Consultative Committees (RCCCs) collaboration. Such was the success of this committee that it has since been mandated by the Queensland Coordinator-General as a standard condition of approval of new major projects. Santos has also expanded the concept of the committee to include industry partners. These committees now operate in every regional council area impacted by the project.
RCCCs bring together key community leaders every quarter to discuss social issues, primarily generated either directly or indirectly from the activities of the Santos GLNG Project.
Knowledge gained from marine environmental monitoring during dredging at Barrow Island
Authors: Styan Craig , Elsdon Travis , Marnane Michael , Carey Michelle , Morgan Ceri , Rouphael Tony , de Lestang Paul
Published: November 2018

Monitoring required by regulators as part of environmental approvals in Australia has become increasingly complex and is sometimes viewed simply as the cost of developing projects, particularly in recent years. Monitoring programs, however, provide an important opportunity to learn about complex ecological systems and how they fare during large-scale disturbances, potentially with both project-specific and industry-wide benefits.
During the Chevron-operated Gorgon Project’s major-capital dredging program, an unprecedented amount of information was collected about water quality and coral. Water quality was monitored continuously at 36 sites and the condition of nearly 1,600 individually labelled corals measured fortnightly during 18 months. While daily and fortnightly reports were provided for compliance purposes, a significant investment was also made by Chevron to a Predictive Links investigation, to re-analyse data to gain a better understanding between water quality and sedimentation with changes in coral condition.
This additional investment resulted in a number of important research findings including revised water-quality thresholds for maintaining coral health that are based uniquely on field measurements during an actual dredging program. Subsequently, when environmental approvals were being sought for the nearby Wheatstone project, Chevron had a much better understanding of dredging and its potential effects on coral reefs in the region.
The Wheatstone program now incorporates these data and ideas, and has allowed Chevron to have greater confidence in the dredging program being proposed, the likely impacts on coral assemblages, and how these should be managed and monitored.
Towards upgraded capability in offshore seismic studies with the new National Australian Pool of Ocean Bottom Seismographs
Authors: Goncharov Alexey , Rawlinson Nicholas , Goleby Bruce
Published: November 2018

In 2013, Australia, for the first time in its history, will obtain a national pool of ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) suitable for multi-scale experiments at sea and for onshore-offshore combined observations. Twenty broadband OBS instruments will be purchased for short- and long-term deployment (up to 12 months) to a maximum depth of 6 km. The instruments will be made available to Australian researchers through ANSIR, with only the costs of mobilisation and deployment to be met. It is anticipated that the OBS facility will greatly enhance the research capabilities of Australian scientists in the area of Earth imaging, offshore exploration, and natural hazard assessment.
OBS experiments in Australia have been limited so far, with the only data set collected by Geoscience Australia in 1995–96 on a number of coincident reflection/refraction seismic transects across the northwestern Australian Margin. The main findings from that experiment will be reviewed in the context of recent OBS data processing and acquisition advances. The scope of the experiments with the new national Australian pool of OBSs will be presented, as well as practicalities and logistics of the OBS experiments.
NATURAL GAS FOR TASMANIA
Authors: Stock A.
Published: November 2018

Tasmania is the only state in Australia which is not supplied with natural gas, and yet a significant gas, condensate and oil resource lies off the Tasmanian coast awaiting development.The Yolla field, discovered by Amoco, SAGASCO Resources, the Bass- Cue Group, Romsey Resources and Southeastern Petroleum in 1985, has sufficient resource potential to support the development of a natural gas supply infrastructure in Tasmania. The field is rich in LPG and condensate and also contains a small oil pool. Tests on the Yolla 1 well were the first in the Bass Basin to flow hydrocarbons and they demonstrated that the field has excellent reservoir properties for commercial development.The keys to the initiation of a gas, condensate and oil development in Tasmania are the need for a significant market for the natural gas and an oil price somewhat better than US$20 per barrel. While there are many major manufacturing and mineral processing plants on the Tasmanian North Coast which would benefit from the stimulus provided by a reliable natural gas pipeline supply, these industries alone provide insufficient load to make an offshore gas development economic. The Bell Bay power station, a thermal power station of 240 MW capacity fired on fuel oil, could, if converted to gas and operated to provide base load supply, generate sufficient base gas demand to enable a project development to proceed.A gas condensate development would provide a substantial stimulus to the Tasmanian economy through:direct investment in the project itself;fostering further development of processing industries on the North Coast;providing cheaper electricity than available from new hydroelectric and coal fired stations;contributing significantly to Tasmanian self- sufficiency in liquid fuels; andreleasing scarce government capital for debt reduction or other uses.
TARDIS: A COMPUTER MODEL TO PREDICT FUTURE GAS SUPPLY
Authors: Northcott I.W. , McDonough R.C.M.
Published: November 2018

Because much of South Australia's electricity is gas- generated the future supply of gas from the Cooper Basin is the central issue in the state's energy planning. Available proven reserves of gas are only sufficient to meet the state's demand until the early 1990s.The TARDIS computer program has therefore been written to enable production scheduling of proved and probable gas reserves and, by using historically derived discovery- rate algorithms, to calculate the exploration- drilling effort necessary to meet future gas supply requirements.The mandatory requirement was that the program should complete a simulation within several minutes. This necessitated the decomposition of complex engineering procedures to a simple level without unacceptable loss of accuracy.TARDIS simulates a network of discovered and undiscovered fields which may be allocated to four zones. The fields supply a defined gas market via a processing plant. Appraisal drilling in zones one and three converts estimates of possible gas- in- place into the proved and probable category after allowance for risk. Exploration drilling in zones two and four predicts the discovery of additional reserves using an algorithm, calibrated by historical data, based on the observation that field size decreases as cumulative drilling effort increases.Fields are scheduled in development priority and sufficient fields are brought on line to satisfy a defined gas market. The required number of on- line fields is determined by the cumulative field deliverability and the peak day gas demand. As each field comes on line development wells are drilled until the field is fully developed.A processing plant is simulated to produce sales gas which is within the required specification for chemical composition. The quantity of each of the ancillary gaseous and liquid products is also computed.Data entry and graphical display of results is processed with a spreadsheet and the program runs on a personal computer.TARDIS enables an assessment of whether the current and forecast drilling effort is likely to discover sufficient reserves to satisfy the market. It has proved an invaluable tool in investigating future gas- supply options for South Australia.
PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MURTA MEMBER, MOOGA FORMATION, AND ASSOCIATED OILS, EROMANGA BASIN
Authors: Powell T.G. , Boreham C.J. , McKirdy D.M. , Michaelsen B.H. , Summons R.E.
Published: November 2018

An investigation has been made of the source potential, degree of maturation and hydrocarbon composition of selected oils and sediments in the Murta Member in ATP 267P and the Moomba and Napacoongee- Murteree Blocks (PEL 5 and 6), Eromanga Basin. Shales in the Murta Member contain low amounts (up to 2.5% TOC) of terrestrial oil- prone organic matter (Types II–III) which consists predominantly of sporinite, lipto- detrinite and inertinite with lower amounts of vitrinite, although some samples contain relatively abundant telalginite. Extractable hydrocarbon yields demonstrate that parts of the Murta Member are effective source rocks at present maturation levels, which are at the threshold of the conventional oil window (vitrinite reflectance = 0.5- 0.6% Ro).Oils from Murta reservoirs in ATP 267P (Kihee, Nockatunga and Thungo) all show the characteristics found by previous analyses of many Murta oils, namely paraffinic, low wax, and high pristane- to- phytane ratios. In contrast Murta oils from Limestone Creek and Biala are waxy. All oils show chemical evidence of generation at relatively low maturation levels. Gas chromatograms of the saturate fractions from the best source facies show the same characteristics noted for the low- wax oils. Samples with lower source potential in contrast contain relatively abundant waxy n- alkanes. Methylphenan- threne Indices and biomarker maturation indicators obtained from the oils show the same values as were measured on sediment samples from the Murta. Hence the oils could not have been derived from deeper, more mature source rocks. The distribution of biomarkers in the low- wax oils is also consistent with an origin from the Murta Member. A corresponding source facies for the high- wax oils has not yet been located. However, chemical maturation indices also suggest a source in the Murta Member or in immediately adjacent strata.The unusual circumstances represented by the Murta oils (low maturity, low- wax terrestrial oils) provide evidence for bacterial contribution to the source material for non- marine oils. Both the low- wax oils and the best source facies contain abundant hydrocarbons derived from bacterial precursors. This bacterial organic matter appears to yield hydrocarbons at an earlier stage of maturation than the predominantly terrestrial plant and algal organic matter with which it is associated. In the case of the Murta Member there are sufficient hydrocarbons generated at relatively low maturity to allow migration to occur. Chemical evidence suggests a low contribution from algal organic matter to the generated hydrocarbons.
THE DRUMMOND BASIN: LOW- COST EXPLORATION IN A HIGH- RISK AREA
Authors: Fenton M.W. , K.S.Jackson
Published: November 2018

Shell was attracted to the potential of the northern Drummond Basin by large anticlinal structures, already evident from patchy outcrop and limited seismic data. An exploration strategy was developed to assess, in the most cost effective manner, the principal uncertainties associated with the play over a two- year period.Initially a regional seismic program of 270 km was acquired. This provided sub- surface control essential for the subsequent corehole drilling program, and an outline of the regional structural framework. The drilling program of six 500 m coreholes, each overlapping slightly in terms of stratigraphy, was sited along one of Shell's seismic lines. A total of 2569 m of core was recovered, providing 2083 m of true stratigraphic coverage, thus facilitating detailed stratigraphic, reservoir, seal and geochemical studies.The new seismic data have led to a revision of the tectonic model of the basin, which, despite a complex uplift history, remains at maturity levels compatible with hydrocarbon occurrence. Core studies have highlighted the major exploration risks as relatively poor reservoir quality, limited source- rock development and thin intra- formational seals.Despite the disappointing outcome in terms of hydrocarbon prospectivity, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the geology of central Queensland, particularly relating to tectonics and burial history, which may be of regional significance.
EXPLORATION IN THE COOPER BASIN
Authors: Heath R.
Published: November 2018

The Cooper Basin is located in the northeastern corner of South Australia and in the southwestern part of Queensland. The basin constitutes an intracratonic depocentre of Permo- Triassic age. The Cooper Basin succession unconformably overlies Proterozoic basement as well as sediments and metasediments of the Cambro- Ordovician age. An unconformity separates in turn the Cooper succession from the overlying Jurassic- Cretaceous Eromanga Basin sediments.The Permo- Triassic succession comprises several cycles of fluvial sandstones, fluvio- deltaic coal measures and lacustrine shales. The coal measures contain abundant humic kerogen, comprising mainly inertinite and vitrinite with a small contribution of exinite. All hydrocarbon accumulations within the Cooper Basin are believed to have originated from these terrestrial source rocks.Exploration of the basin commenced in 1959 and, after several dry holes, the first commercial discovery of gas was made at Gidgealpa in 1963. To date, some 97 gas fields and 10 oil fields, containing recoverable reserves of 5 trillion cubic feet of gas and 300 million barrels recoverable natural gas liquids and oil, have been discovered in the Cooper Basin. Production is obtained from all sand- bearing units within the Cooper stratigraphic succession.The emphasis of exploration in the Cooper Basin is largely directed towards the assessment of four- way dip closures and three- way dip closures with fault control, but several stratigraphic prospects have been drilled. Furthermore, in the development phase of some gas fields a stratigraphic component of the hydrocarbon trapping mechanism has been recognised.Improvements in seismic acquisition and processing, combined with innovative thinking by the explorers, have facilitated the development of untested structural/stratigraphic plays with large reserves potential. Exploration for the four- and three- way dip closure plays in the Cooper Basin is now at a mature stage. However, reserves objectives are expected to continue to be met, with the expectation of a continuing high success rate.Selected new plays are expected to be tested within a continuing active exploration program as exploration for oil and gas in the Cooper Basin refines the search for the subtle trap.
THE FUTURE PROSPECTIVITY OF THE PERTH BASIN
Authors: Hall P.B.
Published: November 2018

The Perth Basin may have been regarded in the past as prospectively poor, but things are about to change! Seismic quality was generally poor, reservoirs often tight and source- rock maturity data limited. Abundant source rocks which tend to have a predominance of Type III kerogens have been identified and the basin has often been referred to as gas prone, the two largest discoveries having combined recoverable reserves greater than 444 billion cubic feet (12.5 Gm3).Advances in seismic acquisition and processing, available from the early 1980s, is drawing back the veil that has enveloped major areas of the basin for many years. An estimated 29 wells out of 40 exploration wells studied in the northern area of the Perth Basin were drilled off- structure. Established plays are now being correctly delineated and oil- prone source rocks with good generative potential have been identified.Perhaps the most significant occurrence in the Perth Basin was the discovery of a new play in 1987 which stimulated a new round of activity. This will undoubtedly provide economic discoveries for the participants. This renewed prospectivity will spill over into the offshore areas in the near future.The northern area of the Perth Basin has an historic exploration risk of 12.5 per cent. With future exploration risk predicted at 20- 30 per cent, this area will become one of the most prospective onshore basins in Australia.
Habitat selection by the rare golden-tipped bat Kerivoula papuensis.
Authors: Schulz M , Eyre TJ
Published: November 2018

Habitat selection by the golden-tipped bat Kerivoula papuensis was described using
presence/absence data from 144 harp trapping sites between Cooktown in north-eastern
Queensland and Bulahdelah in central-eastern New South Wales. Logistic regression was used
to identify structural, topographic and other attributes of sites associated with the presence of K.
papuensis. Occupied habitat was characterised by an abundance of vine drapes, the presence of
the yellow-throated scrubwren Sericornis citreogularis, close spacing between stream channels,
multiple tree layers, high relief and slope characteristics, westerly aspect, higher elevations, low
abundance of large tree epiphytes and proximity to the nearest forest ecotone. However, aspects
of habitat selection are poorly known, such as maternity roost selection and foraging habitat by
the species. Further study is required to fully understand the habitat requirements of this
species.
Roost microclimates of the bat Rhinonicteris aurantius in a limestone cave in Geike Gorge, Western Australia
Authors: Armstrong KN
Published: November 2018

THE orange leaf-nosed bat, Rhinonicteris aurantius,
has been poorly studied in the Kimberley region of
Western Australia. The range of R. aurantius is
continuous across the tropical north of Australia,
extending throughout the Kimberley region and the
Top End of the Northern Territory. Within this
distribution, the species is reported to be rare and
restricted to a few sites (Churchill 1991a). This
pattern of distribution is due to a reliance on caves
with warm, humid roost microclimates. Jolly (1988)
and Churchill et al. (1988) recorded a narrow range
of preferred roost temperature and relative humidity
(RH) in the Northern Territory of between 28-32�C
and 90-96% respectively, although Churchill (1991a)
recorded RH in roosts of R. aurantius of between 85-
100% (30.43 � 2.18 g m-3 vapour density). The
species also tends to roost as far from the entrance as
possible, which is often correlated with such extreme
microclimate variables (Jolly 1988; Churchill 1991).
The roost microclimate of R. aurantius in July 1987
in a medium-sized limestone cave near Geike Gorge
(18� 06?S 125� 42?E) was recorded as 29.5�C and
28.44 g m-3 (Churchill 1991b), within the preferred
range of R. aurantius.
Parasites and pathology of the respiratory tracts of native and feral mammals in Australia - a review.
Authors: Spratt DM
Published: November 2018

This paper summarizes knowledge of the biodiversity and pathology associated with parasites
of the respiratory tract of wild mammals, including feral species, in Australia. Representatives
of 21 genera of nematodes distributed in the superfamilies Trichostrongyloidea,
Metastrongyloidea, Thelazioidea, Filarioidea, Trichinelloidea and Muspiceoidea are included.
Larval stages of the cestode, Echinococcus granulosus, occur in the lungs of macropodids and
feral pigs (Sus scrofa). Trematodes occur in the lungs of dugongs (Dugong dugon) and in the
cranial sinuses and blowholes of dolphins. Pentastomes occur in the lungs of the sugar glider
(Petaurus breviceps) and in the frontal sinuses of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) and foxes
(Vulpes vulpes). Nymphal stages of the latter have been found in the lungs of rabbits
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) and nymphs of a pentastome of tree pythons occur in the lungs of the
northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus). Pneumonyssid mites occur in the lungs of the
northern brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula arnhemensis) and an undescribed
speleognathine mite has been found in the lungs of P. breviceps. Trombiculid, tydeoid,
dermanyssid and halarachnid mites are endoparasitic in the nasal sinuses of rodents,
antechinuses, possums, gliders, elephant seals and fur seals. Larvae of oestrid bot-flies occur in
the trachea of macropodids and in the nasal sinuses of camels (Camelus dromedarius). Host
specificity in these parasites represents the full spectrum from species specific to class catholic
with the intranasal chigger, Ascoschoengastia rattus, occuring in metatherian and eutherian
mammals as well as varanid lizards. Similarly, pathological changes associated with these
parasites range from inapparent to verminous bronchitis and bronchiolitis resulting in
mortalities or severely impaired respiratory reserve or hypoxia precipitating death.
Possum extinctions at the marsupial frontier: the status of the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis on Santa Ana Island, Makira Province, Solomon Islands.
Authors: Heinsohn TE
Published: November 2018

ON zoogeographic maps, the Solomon Islands are
shown as the north-eastern limit of Australidelphian
marsupial distribution in Australasia. This distinction
is due to the presence of a single New Guinean
marsupial, the northern common cuscus Phalanger
orientalis, which was probably introduced via the
Bismarck Archipelago by prehistoric human agency
(Flannery 1995; Spriggs 1997; Heinsohn 1998;
Wickler 2001). P. orientalis is found across most of
the principal Solomon Islands, with the exception of
the remote far-eastern oceanic islands of Santa Cruz
(Temotu) Province. In the scientific literature, the
exact eastern limit of distribution for P. orientalis is
generally given as San Cristobal (Makira) Island in
Makira Province (Laurie and Hill 1954; Flannery
1995), the eastern most peninsula of which extends to
162� 23' E. The next landmass to the east is the small
5 km diameter and 143 m high limestone atoll of
Santa Ana (Owa Rafa) which lies across a 7.5 km
open water crossing.
Home range of house cats Felis catus living within a National Park
Authors: Meek PD
Published: November 2018

Fourteen house cats living in residential areas surrounded by National Park were studied using
radio telemetry to determine whether they roamed beyond the urban boundary. Eight cats were
recorded using natural habitat, predominantly heath the most abundant habitat type adjacent to
residential areas. Ninety two percent of fixes were taken within the fringes of the urban
boundary. Mean home range size of house cats was 2.9 ha and two categories of cats were
identified based on their tendency to wander away from home. Wandering cats had a home
range of 5.1 ha and sedentary cats had a range of 0.4 ha. The mean distance travelled by male
cats was 70 m and 30 m for females (range 1.5 – 272 m). The longest straight line distance
travelled by a house cat in a single foray from a residence was 1.17 km. The major proportion
of forays away from the home environs were undertaken at night and in the afternoon.
A community-based survey of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus in the Lismore region of north-eastern New South Wales.
Authors: Harris JM , Goldingay RL
Published: November 2018

A community-based survey was undertaken in the Lismore Local Government Area (LGA) of
north-eastern New South Wales to provide a basis for the development of a Shire-wide koala
management plan. A questionnaire and maps were distributed to identify community attitudes
towards P. cinereus conservation and management, as well as to document locations of
sightings. There were 1121 surveys returned from 23,751 distributed (4.7% returned) across
18,000 ratepayers (6.2% response). Respondents indicated the frequency with which P.
cinereus were seen in different suburbs, whether they had young or were sick, and provided
840 map-based records. Ten percent of respondents saw P. cinereus on at least a weekly basis,
highlighting the importance of this LGA for the conservation of this species. More than 80% of
respondents considered that roving dogs, land clearing, road traffic and housing development
were serious threats to long-term P. cinereus survival. More than 90% of respondents supported
restrictions on dogs, tree-planting programs, as well as planning activities to protect P. cinereus
habitat while 85% approved of protection zones to control development within P. cinereus
habitat. These results if representative of the entire community suggest strong support for the
development of conservation options for P. cinereus. The study also confirms the usefulness of
conducting such community-wide surveys for conspicuous threatened species.
Managing the commercial harvest of kangaroos in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Authors: McLeod SR , Hacker RB , Druhan JP
Published: November 2018

In this study a new, physiologically structured model of kangaroo population dynamics is
described. The model has been used to examine a wide range of harvest rate � sex ratio
combinations, following a simple harvest strategy where the quota was proportional to
population size. The combinations of harvest rate and sex ratio in the harvest that best suited
the objectives of the stakeholder groups (non-Government conservationists, wildlife
management agencies, the kangaroo industry and pastoralists) were identified using multicriteria
decision analysis. The best combinations for the stakeholder groups non-Government
conservationists, wildlife management agencies and the kangaroo industry were characterised
by a strong male bias (90 ? 100% male) and low to moderate harvest rates (10 ? 40% per
annum). The best solutions for pastoralists were female biased (at least 70% females) with high
harvest rates (90% per annum).
Do kangaroos exhibit water-focused grazing patterns in arid New South Wales? A case study in Sturt National Park.
Authors: Montague-Drake R , Croft DB
Published: November 2018

The density of kangaroos (Macropus spp.) within 5 km of current and former artificial watering
points in Sturt National Park (NSW) was studied over a two-year period using the line transect
method. Kangaroo densities were not significantly related to water proximity and did not
significantly differ between open and closed watering points. Infrared sensors detected and
counted kangaroo movements to and from artificial watering points and these were positively
correlated with temperature. However, line transect counts did not reveal a shift in kangaroo
distributions to water-proximate areas in warmer seasons. The results suggest that kangaroos
travel to drink and then return to relatively stable home ranges that take advantage of sites
offering the best grazing and resting opportunities. Vegetation surveys, using a wheel point
device, revealed that the biomass of Atriplex spp. decreased significantly with increased
proximity to artificial watering points, but the biomass of Poaceae spp. and numerous forbs did
not. Vegetative diversity was unrelated to water proximity. Low vegetation biomass near
artificial watering points in Sturt National Park may be more correctly attributed to the effects
from past sheep-grazing pressure, than to any current grazing pressure. The implications of
artificial watering point closure on conservation values and nature-based tourism are discussed.
Kangaroo management: individuals and communities.
Authors: Croft DB
Published: November 2018

Kangaroo management plans for the commercial take of meat and hides and non-commercial
population control focus on numbers (estimates of species abundance), proportions (quotas)
and trends (sustainability of offtake). Effects on individuals and communities are too readily
dismissed leading to inhumane treatment of dependent offspring and single species modelling
in a multi-species community. I discuss the evidence for these deficiencies in current
management plans and suggest actions and research to redress them.
A morphometric study of the gastrointestinal tract of the common brushtail possum in southern New Zealand.
Authors: McDowell A , McLeod BJ , Thompson EG , Tucker IG
Published: November 2018

The length and mass of sections of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is reported for common
brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) captured in the Otago region of New Zealand (n =
41). The pH of digesta (n = 12) and of the mucosal surface was also determined for specific
sections of the GI tract of fed (n = 5) and fasted (n = 5) animals. Inter-animal variability in
some morphometric characteristics was influenced by gender, live body mass, fur colour and
time spent in captivity. Feeding significantly reduced the pH of the mucosal surface in the
caecum only. GI tract morphology of T. vulpecula from southern New Zealand differs from that
reported for Australian specimens, with average mass of the caecum in individuals from Otago
being less than that of Australian specimens. Such differences in GI tract morphology may be
due to improved diet quality in New Zealand compared with Australia.
Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management. Jackson S., A Review by Karen Firestone
Authors: Firestone K
Published: November 2018

MY first impressions when I saw this book was
?what a remarkable achievement? and ?I want one
for my library?. The author of this book, Stephen
Jackson, hails from a long association with the zoo
industry having worked for many years at Taronga
Zoo and Healesville Sanctuary and more recently
with the Animal Welfare Unit of the NSW
Department of Primary Industries, so he comes with
a commanding knowledge of the requirements for
captive management of Australian mammals. He has
spent considerable time formulating this volume; it is
nicely presented, thorough in scope and clearly very
authoritative. However, while expert information
does not come cheap, the price of this book (are you
sitting down?) at $240 puts it well out of the price
range of many. I?m still gasping. This book is
marketed for (generally underpaid) zookeepers,
veterinarians, zoologists, researchers and students,
but this price restricts it to being a specialist
reference volume purchased by a limited number of
users, zoological institutions, and university libraries
with good acquisitions budgets. This is unfortunate as
every wildlife carer, zoo, and breeding facility (in
Australia and elsewhere) that holds or breeds
Australian mammals should have one of these
volumes. It would be fantastic to see a complete
series of these ?Biology and Captive Management?
books: Australian Birds: Biology and Captive
Management, Australian reptiles..., Australian
insects... etc.
Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence. John Long. A Review by Robert L Close.
Authors: Close RL
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCED mammals of the world: their history
distribution and influence is an extraordinarily
detailed compendium of events where mammals have
been released, intentionally or not, into places where
they were thought to be absent. So the title is slightly
misleading in that the reader might only expect to
find details of exotic animals rather than
translocations back into former habitat. Translocated
mammals of the world may have been a more apt
title. However, the title follows that of John Long?s
previous book Introduced birds of the world (1981).
Abundance and distribution of five small mammals at a local scale.
Authors: Thompson, G. G. , Thompson S. A.
Published: November 2018

In an area of approximately 210 ha 5 km west of South Hedland in Western Australia the population density of Dasycercus cristicauda (mulgara) was higher than 0.23 per ha, Dasykaluta rosamondae (little red kaluta) was higher than 1.88 per ha and Pseudomys hermannsburgensis (sandy inland mouse) was higher than 4.90 per ha. Densities for D. rosamondae and P. hermannsburgensis were appreciably higher than those reported elsewhere in the Pilbara. D. rosamondae and P. hermannsburgensis appear to be evenly distributed across the site, whereas D. cristicauda were concentrated in the centre and the western edge away from areas of higher vehicle traffic. The spatial distribution of Pseudomys desertor (desert mouse) was focussed on two areas. A trapping effort of 9,900 trap-nights appears to have captured most of the D. cristicauda but not all of the D. rosamondae, indicating that their density was higher than reported above. Approximately five D. cristicauda were caught per 1000 trap-nights, and given that this species was not evenly spread across the site, these data suggest that the survey effort necessary to detect the presence of D. cristicauda needs to be much higher than is the current practice of environmental consultants.
Observation and recording of a vocalisation by the Common Planigale (Planigale maculata) (Gould 1851) in Northern NSW.
Authors: Meek PD , Peak R
Published: November 2018

Several, not fully mobile, ,juvenile Planigale maculata, a small terrestrial marsupial, were observed calling from exposed positions near to where they had emerged from their nests. This is the first record of an audible vocalization of the planigale. An oscillogram of their call is presented. At the same time several tawny frogmouth (Podargus stringoides) were calling from surrounding trees. Many P. stringoides were observed picking off the P. maculata from the tree trunks throughout the night.
Studies on the Digestion of Wool by Insects II. the Properties of Some Insect Proteinases
Authors: Powning RF , Day MF , Irzykiewicz H
Published: November 2018

The eHects of a number of protease activators and inhibitors, namely cyanide, iodoacetate, thioglycollate, enterokinase, ovomucoid, Ascaris inhibitor, and soybean inhibitor, have been studied on crude proteinase preparations from the midguts of the following five species of insects: Tineola bisseUiella larvae, Tenebrio molitor larvae, Musca d()mestica larvae, Periplaneta americana, and Locusta migratoria, and the results compared with their eHects on trypsin and papain.
The Influence of Temperature on the Completion of Diapause in the Eggs of Gryllulus Commodus Walker
Authors: Browning TO
Published: November 2018

The eggs of GryUulus commodus, if incubated at high temperature (26.8�C.), soon after laying, did not develop and hatch promptly. Instead hatching was spread over a long period and many eggs died. If the eggs were given a period of exposure to low temperature (12.8�C.) before incubation at high temperature,� prompt hatching occurred. This was due to diapause, which occurred at an early stage in the morphological development of the egg.
Observations on the Feeding of the Virus Vector Orosi Us Argent Atus (Evans), and Comparisons With Certain Other Jassids
Authors: Day MF , Irzykiewicz H , Mckinnon Anne
Published: November 2018

Examination of feeding tracks of several species of jassids in plant petioles shows that each species produces characteristic stylet sheaths. Most species feed in both parenchyma and vascular bundles and they exhibit varying degrees of preference for phloem tissue. An attempt to confirm published observations on a pH gradient towards the phloem failed to reveal such a gradient in many of the plants examined; in fact, it has been demonstrated that no such gradient is required to explain the feeding behaviour of the jassids studied. It is concluded that they find .the tissues upon which they feed by random probing with the stylets.
Nitrogen Catabolism in Nematode Parasites
Authors: Rogers WP
Published: November 2018

Nematodirus /ilicollis, Nematodirus spathiger, and Ascaridia galli were maintained for periods of 24 hours in' a non-nutrient medium containing streptomycin and penicillin to prevent bacterial growth. UnEler aerobic 'conditions the total soluble nitrogenous material excreted by Nematodirus spp. in three experiments was 1.23-1.59 mg. nitrogen per g. dry wt. of tissue. Peptide nitrogen accounted for 33-37 per cent. of the total soluble nitrogen excreted, ammonia nitrogen 40-42 per cent., and urea nitrogen 11-17 per cent. Small amounts of uric acid werc found. Under similar conditions the total soluble nitrogen excreted by Ascaridia gaUi was 0.29-0.41 mg. per g. dry wt.; of this, 14-15 per cent. was due to peptide nitrogen, and 8 per cent. to urea nitrogen. No uric' acid was found.
The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits IV. Seasonal Variation in Cell Size, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Respiration in Developing Granny Smith Apple Fruits
Authors: A Pearson Judith , Robertson RN
Published: November 2018

Results of investigation of cell size, fruit size, nitrogen metabolism, and respiration rate over three successive seasons confirm the main conclusions of earlier papers in this series. Fruit left on the trees for a period beyond normal commercial maturity showed a very -large increase in soluble nitrogen with only slight increase in protein nitrogen. The relation of the nitrogen and organic acid metabolism to the climacteric rise in respiration is discussed.
A Preliminary Study of the Genetics of Ddt Resistance in Houseflies
Authors: Maelzer DA , Kirk RL
Published: November 2018

A detailed study is reported of the knockdown responses of a highly resistant "Illinois" strain of houseflies and of a non-resistant "Canberra" strain to topical applications of DDT and to exposure to a residual film of DDT. The dosage response curve for the Illinqis strain is highly asymmetric, no increase in mortality being observed above a dose of 4 f1g. DDT per fly. It is suggested that the resistant population i; genetically heterogeneous, being composed of "weak" and "strong" individuals with respect to resistance to DDT.
Studies on the Digestion of Wool by Insects IX. Some Features of Digestion in Chewing Lice, (Mallophaga) From Bird and Mammalian Hosts
Authors: Waterhouse DF
Published: November 2018

Some aspects of digestion in eight species of Mallophaga infesting birds and mammals have been examined.
Inactivation of Gonadotrophins IV. the Effect of Periodate Ions and "Blood-Group Enzym,E" on the Biological Activity of Chorionic Gonadotrophin
Authors: Whitten WK
Published: November 2018

Treatment of chorionic. gonadotrophin with periodate ions mo<;lified the ,hormone so that it was no longer :inactivated by influenza virus. T1).e. dose response curve of the treated hormone was less steep than for untreated, which precluded any accurate comparison. However, at low doses no loss was detected.
Water Relations of Staphylococcus Aureus At 30°C
Authors: Scott WJ
Published: November 2018

Fourteen food-poisoning strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been grown in various media of known water activity at 30�C. Aerobic growth was observed atwater activities between 0.999 and 0.86. The rate of growth and the yield of cells were both reduced substantially when the water activity was less than c. 0.94. The lower limits for growth in dried meat, dried milk, and dried soup were similar to those in liquid media. Aerobic growth proceeded at slightly lower water activities than anaerobic growth. All cells were capable of forming colonies on agar media with water activities as low as 0.92. The 14 strains proved to be a homogeneous group with similar water equirements.
An Investigation of Polyspermy in the Rat And Rabbit
Authors: Austin CR , Braden AWH
Published: November 2018

A review is presented of published reports on polyspermy in mammals. The cytology of living polyspermic rat and rabbit eggs, as seen with the phase"contrast microscope, is described. Polyspermic rat eggs have been seen in various stages of fertilization and early cleavage; observations on rabbit eggs are restricted to the later phases of pronuclear growth.
Distribution of Sperms in the Genital Tract of the Female Rabbit After Coitus
Authors: Bradeni AWH
Published: November 2018

At each of the intervals, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 13, 16, 20, and 28 hr after coitus, six rabbits were killed to provide data on sperm distribution.
Metabolic Studies of Washed and Diluted Ram and Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: White IG
Published: November 2018

The total oxygen uptake of ram and bull spermatozoa in a 3-hr period at 37�C was not affected by washing four times in a sodium phosphate-fructose diluent nor by centrifuging four times without washing.
The Thermal Destruction of Riboflavin
Authors: Farrer KTH , L Macewan Joan
Published: November 2018

The thermal destruction of riboflavin in buffer solutions from pH 0.5 to 12.0 has been studied by ll'teans of fluorimetric analysis and the application of the first-order reaction and Arrhenius equations. The buffer solutions used were a modified universal buffer (phosphate, borate, acetate), McIlvaine's citric acidphosphate buffer, veronal-HCI, and glycine-NaOH.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Zinc Deficiency in Subterranean Clover
Authors: Ozanne PG
Published: November 2018

Data are presented from four sand culture and one water culture trial. Subterranean clover plants growing on a soil low in zinc showed increased severity of zinc deficiency symptoms when the nitrogen supply was increased. This effect was produced by applications of NaNOs, L-asparagine, NH4NOa, and (NH4)2S04. It was not due to changes in soil pH, nor to increased growth demand arising from applied nitrogen.
Keratin Derivatives Extracted From Wool with Alkaline Thioglycollate Solutions
Authors: Gillespie JM , Lennox FG
Published: November 2018

In extension of previous work (Gillespie and Lennox 1953), the conditions under which proteins may be extracted from washed Merino wool have been further examined. Approximately 65 per cent. of the wool can be dissolved by a 40-min extraction at 50�C with O�1M thioglycollate at an initial pH of 12� 6. Electrophoresis at pH 11 in thioglycoIlate-glycine buffer indicated the presence of seven minor and one major component, the latter amounting to 41 per cent. of the wool. The minor components can be completely removed from the wool by five 2,O-min extractions with O�1M thioglycollate at an initial pH of 10�5. Extraction of the residue at pH 12�3 yields the major component. This moves as a single peak on electrophoresis between pH 8�0 and 12�0 in the presence of various buffers. It has a mobility of -7�2 X 10-5 cm2 V-I sec- I at a protein concentration of 0�5 per cent. in thioglycollate-glycine buffer of ionic strength O� 22 at pH 11� O. At higher protein concentrations there is anomalous behaviour on the descending boundary and tills can be prevented by increasing the ionic strength or replacing thioglycollic acid with mercapto-ethanol. The ascending pattern is unaltered by these changes or by increased protein concentration.
Fungal cellulases VII. Stachybotrys Atra: Production and Properties of the Cellulolytic Enzyme
Authors: Thomas Robert
Published: November 2018

Stachyl!atrys a/I'll. grows well on u vV"ksman-Cm'ey medium containing collt!loso as thc sol" eUl'bon source; au extracellular eellnlase is produced which is probnbly adaptive. 'I'ho cOlldit,iollS eoudne;vo to it high yield of om:ymo lmve bcon investigated and details am givo!l of U relatively simple bulk-culture apparatus.
Inheritance of Antibody Response II. Measurement of Response
Authors: Sobey WR , Adams KM , Claringbold PJ
Published: November 2018

The haemolytic titre as estimated by n dilution sories is n very preeise measure of rcsponse to antigenic stimulation when compared with biological variation.
Quantitative Analysis of Amino Acids Using Papre Chromatography
Authors: Hackman RH , Lazarus Mahian
Published: November 2018

A simple method for the quantitative analysis of amino [teids [n'eHent ill a protein hydrolysate, or in other mixtures of amino aeids, is deserihocl. The amino aeids are separated on one�dimensional paper chromatogmllls, fOUl" solvent syst;mns being used to resolvo 17 amino acids. The chromatogrums are treatm! with a suitable reagent; to detect the spots corresponding to each amino acid . .!Daeh chromatogram, {,ftcr being made somi�t,mllsparent with dimeth:vlphthalato, is scanned nutomnticnlly, with a densitometer, and the intensity of the light transmitted by the coloured spots is recorded on light-sensitive paper. A straight line relationship was found to hold, [or all amino acids, boi;wcell conccnh'ntioll and log per cent. transmission, Tho most useful range of amino aoid OOllcolltmtion was 2 5 mlYI although tho mothod is usable in tho rango 1-"10 mlVl. 'l'he method includes a nnmber of nOW tOclllli(juOS and tho HYOeage cooflicient of variation for a sillglo readillg for an an1ino n.eid is 5-7 pOl' COllt.
Changes in the Pree Amino Acids of the Blood of Blowfly Larvae At Metamorphosis
Authors: Hackman RH
Published: November 2018

Blood from the larval, prepupal, and early pupal stages of Calliphora augttr' (F.) contains the same 18 free amino acids. In addition, hydroxyproline is present in larval and prepupal blood. The quantitative differenccs in the concent,ratiolls of these amino acids arc reported. Larval blood has the highest free amino acid content (6'6 mgjml) followcd by early pupal blood (4'6 mgjml) and prepnpal blood (3'3 mgjml). As the larva matures to the prepupa, the greatest decreases occm in the concentrations in the blood of alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine. The metabolic significance of these changes are discussed.
Regeneration and the Moulting Cycle in Blattella Geiuvianica L. IV. Single and Rbpbatbd Regeneration and Metamorphosis
Authors: O’farrell AF , Stock A , Morgan J
Published: November 2018

Single or successive regenerations of metathoraeie legs during the fifth instal' in Blattella ge1'lnanica L. at 20°C, 70 pel' cent. R.H., show the samo time relations with moulting as previously described for the firs!; instal', and do not affoct the duration of development, number of moults, or othor cllfwacteristics of tho resulting adults.