bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of deformation at cryogenic or room temperature followed by annealing on the structure and properties of copper and its Cu–3Pd and Cu–3Pd–3Ag (at. %) alloys
Authors:   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Novikova O. S. , Kostina A. E. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Salamatov Yu. A. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Zgibnev D. A. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Volkov A. Yu. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2023

Due to low electrical resistivity, the Cu–Pd and Cu–Pd–Ag system alloys can be used as corrosion-resistant conductors of weak electrical signals. The paper deals with a comparison of the structure and physical-mechanical properties of Cu, Cu–3Pd and Cu–3Pd–3Ag (at. %) alloys after deformation at room or cryogenic temperature followed by annealing. The authors studied specimens in different initial states: quenched, deformed at room and cryogenic temperatures. To study the processes of structure rearrangement and the evolution of properties, annealing was carried out in the temperature range from 100 to 450 °C, followed by cooling in water. The duration of heat treatments was 1 h. The dependences of the yield strength and elongation to failure on the annealing temperature showed that cryodeformation significantly increases the thermal stability of the structure of both pure copper and the Cu–3Pd–3Ag ternary alloy. According to the temperature dependence of specific electrical resistivity of the deformed Cu–3Pd–3Ag alloy during heating at a rate of 120 deg./h, it was found that the decrease in electrical resistance caused by recrystallization begins at above 300 °C. The dependences of specific electrical resistivity on true strain showed that the structure rearrangement mechanisms during deformation are different for pure copper and the Cu–3Pd–3Ag alloy. The results of mathematical processing of the peaks in the diffraction patterns established that two phases appear in the Cu–3Pd–3Ag alloy after cryodeformation and annealing, one of which is silver-enriched, and the other is depleted. The study showed that during annealing of the deformed (especially after cryodeformation) Cu–3Pd–3Ag alloy, an anomalous increase in strength properties is observed. It was identified that alloying copper with palladium and silver leads to an increase in the recrystallization temperature. Thus, copper alloys with small palladium and silver additives are obviously attractive for practical applications, since they have improved strength properties, satisfactory electrical conductivity, and a higher recrystallization temperature compared to pure copper.
Microstructure and properties of the Zn–1%Li–2%Mg alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation
Authors:   OOO RN-BashNIPIneft, Sitdikov V. D. ,   Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals of Ufa Research Center of the RAS, Khafizova E. D. ,   Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals of Ufa Research Center of the RAS,   Ufa University of Science and Technologies, Polenok M. V. ,   Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals of Ufa Research Center of the RAS,   Ufa University of Science and Technologies
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the authors consider the mechanisms of formation of high-strength states in the Zn–1%Li–2%Mg alloy as a result of its processing by the high pressure torsion (HPT) method. For the first time, the study showed that using HPT treatment, as a result of varying the degree of deformation at room temperature, it is possible to increase the ultimate strength of a zinc alloy from 155 to 383 MPa (with an increase in the yield stress from 149 to 306 MPa) without losing its ductility. To explain the reasons for the increase in the zinc alloy mechanical properties, its microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray phase analysis (XPA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Using XPA, the authors established for the first time that Zn(eutectic)+β-LiZn4(eutectic)→~LiZn3+Zn(phase)+Zn(precipitation) and MgZn2→Mg2Zn11 phase transformations occur in the zinc alloy during HPT treatment. SEM analysis showed that at the initial stages of HPT treatment, cylindrical Zn particles with a diameter of 330 nm and a length of up to 950 nm precipitate in β-LiZn3 phase. At the same time, the SAXS method showed that needle-like LiZn4 particles with a diameter of 9 nm and a length of 28 nm precipitate in the Zn phase. The study established that, only spherical Zn and LiZn4 particles precipitate at high degrees of HPT treatment. Precision analysis of the zinc alloy microstructure showed that HPT treatment leads to grain refinement, an increase in the magnitude of crystal lattice microdistortion, a growth of the density of dislocations, which are predominantly of the edge type. As a result of the analysis of hardening mechanisms, the authors concluded that the increase in the zinc alloy strength characteristics mainly occurs due to grain-boundary, dislocation, and dispersion hardening.
The main values of the consolidation of Russian society in the views of religious and non-religious students
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research, a separate subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Federal Research Sociological Center,  Russian Academy of Sciences (IDI FNSC RAS), Kublitskaya Elena A.
Published: July 2023

This article examines the empirical indicators of sociological research con- ducted in the Institute of Demographic Studies (IDS) of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2022 among the student youth of Moscow, Tuva and the Belgorod regions. In order to solve the problem of identifying the impact of religious worldview on the socio-political and patriotic positions of the individual, first of all, a comparative analysis of the social orientations (national, religious, socio- political) of religious and non-religious groups of young people was conducted. Based on the indicators presented, it follows that religious students, compared to non-reli- gious students in the regions studied, are more patriotic and optimistic about the revival and restoration of Russia's positions in the world that were lost in the past. In the rating of values that make up the main content of the national idea, the nomination “patriot- ism” in the consolidation of Russian society is put on the first and second places by the religious youth of Tuva and the Belgorod region compared with non-religious stu- dents (Tuva: 61% and 40%, respectively; Belgorod region: 65% and 29%, respec- tively). Despite the fact that in the capital megapolice, the rating of socio-patriotic values in the consolidation of society ranks the fourth among the religious group of students, nevertheless, in comparison with the non-religious group, the quantitative indicator is twice as high (“patriotism” 47% and 24%, respectively; “national pride” 51% and 23% respectively). Empirical data from surveys of the studied regions do not record the presence of stable ideas of youth about patriotism as the main value in the consolidation of Russian society. At the same time, the results of the sociological re- search confirm that the idea of patriotism is a priority in the system of “ideas of na- tional accord” in groups of religious students.
Religious agenda in the media: religion as content in secular and religious media
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Trophimov Sergei V.
Published: July 2023

In this study, we analyze the development of religious media on the example of France in the 19th and 21st centuries in order to show the complex structure and versatility of the content that they somehow fill with religious (or religiously accepta- ble) content. For the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries, the religious phenomenon in modern society has undergone significant changes. It is not similar to what previously existed within traditional religions, even in the area of traditional re- ligions themselves. The traditional criteria for singling out religious beliefs and behav- iors as a basis for appropriate definitions of content for research today are obviously not enough. On the example of the history of the French media of the 19th-21st centu- ries, we have identified multiple strategies for the development of religious media, depending on political and social processes. At the same time, the actual declaration of the editorial board as “religious” may be an insufficient indicator, even if there are clerics and monastics in the editorial staff and among the journalists. Likewise, vice versa, media that declare themselves secular can consistently provide consistent reli- gious content that is consistent with the creed of a particular church. The development of media within the digital environment and the discovery of UGC – user-generated content, not discussed in this article, further complicate the situation. In the media and media today, it is quite difficult to determine the degree of “religiousness” of content, since commonly used indicators, such as classifying the media itself as religious by founder, mentioning religious news or facts, etc. may be unreliable due to the diverse form of the relationship between religion and society. To analyze religious content in the current situation, it is necessary to identify new principles for classifying content as religious, which are becoming more and more diverse.
Socio-political orientations of the religious and non-religious population of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center for Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novozhenina Olga P. , Grebnyak Oksana V. ,   Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center for Theoretical and Applied Sociology,  Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

As part of updating the problem of finding key pillars for building domestic consolidation policies, the authors suggest examining the religious factor in terms of its cultural and historical influence. The context of this paper examines the worldview specificity of Orthodoxy, the attitude of believers to political power, to citizens of other statuses/beliefs, ideas about the social order, etc., formed on its basis. The article is based on the results of sociological research carried out with the participation of the authors. It is based on the analysis of empirical data and devoted to the comparative analysis of dominant sociopolitical and political-ideological orientations of religious and non-religious population of modern Russian society. The results of the study showed that the level of loyalty, consolidation, and trust in the authorities and public institutions of Russian society is higher among the religious population, who retain a commitment to traditional values, historical memory, and social justice. Accordingly, the potential for socio-political consolidation of this group is higher. At the same time, in spite of believers' high appraisal of spirituality as a basic value for Russia's future revival, few respondents in this world-view group consider Orthodoxy and individual religiosity to be a consolidating force in Russian society. We can assume a gradual consolidation in the public consciousness of ideas about the future of Russia as a sec- ular state.
Channels and mechanisms of broadcasting ideas of new religious movements in the information space of social media
Authors:   School of Contemporary Social Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zimova Natalya S. , Fomin Egor V. ,   School of Contemporary Social Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2023

In the article, the authors identify and describe the role of the media in broadcasting content about new religious movements (on the example of the Scientol- ogy movement) on the Russian Internet. The Kribrum social media analysis system is used as a technical tool. The authors put into the project a model that included 80 concepts for the Center of Scientology and 1,242 concepts for Russian social institu- tions. The authors consider the periods 01/01/2018-12/31/2019 (stable social situation) and 01/01/2020-23/02/2022 (coronavirus crisis). The authors identify popular authors who wrote about Scientology in each of the periods. Media are grouped according to their legal status: official state media; private Russian media and bloggers; media and NGOs that are recognized as foreign agents; international media and their affiliates in Russia; other media (entertainment media, bloggers and users). The main channels for broadcasting content about Scientology were private media and bloggers. It was they who explained and broadcast material about Scientology on the Russian Internet. Their publications justified the activities of Scientology in Russia, declared the need for a liberal policy, demonized the state-confessional policy, the political system, the polit- ical system of Russia, and dehumanized academic child psychology. State Russian media in the news gave only the facts of the event, but the news was not interpreted, discussed or distributed.
The Structural Model of Self-acceptance, Thematic Relationships and Hope for Employment through Mediating Sense of Agency and Its Effect on Life Quality of Blind and Low-vision Graduates
Authors: Asvadzadeh Fatemeh , Safarzadeh Sahar , Homaei Rezvan
Published: July 2023

Background: The present study aims to use structural model in explaining the effect of unconditional self-acceptance, the quality of thematic relationships, and the hope for employment regarding the life quality of blind and visually impaired students based on the mediating role of the sense of agency.
Methods: This study used descriptive research method of correlation type, which was carried out by structural equations. Moreover, this project was practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the current research included all the 12 to 35 blind and partially sighted people who were members of the Blind Association of Khuzestan province in 2022 with, university education (associate to doctorate). Targeted face sampling was used, and research tools included the following questionnaires: Life Quality of the Blind and Visually Impaired (2000), Unconditional Self-Acceptance (2001), the Quality of Subjective Relationships (1985), the Employment Hope (2007) and the Sense of Agency for People with Visual Impairments (2007). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The sum of squared multiple correlations (R2) for quality of life was equal to 0.58 (P = 0.001, β = 0.358). Accordingly, it can be said that the sense of agency mediates the effect of quality of the subject relationships regarding life quality of the blind graduates in a negative way, and the effect of hope for employment (β = 0.303, P = 0.001) and unconditional acceptance (β = 0.254, P = 0.001) on their life quality in a positive and meaningful way.
Conclusion: Hope for employment and self-acceptance and the quality of local relationships as well as the sense of agency affect the life quality of blind and visually impaired people, and psychologists and people who are in contact with them.
Metaverse and its creative potential for visual arts
Authors: Kępińska Agata , Wiśniewski Rafał
Published: July 2023

The National Centre for Culture is conducting a foresight research project on the impact of emerging technologies on the arts. The article presents the first findings brought by the analysis of opportunities created by the development of virtual spaces accessible to artists and the public – which are expected to create the Metaverse and promote a new form of ownership, NFT. The text is dedicated to the potential of new tools and media – the positive side of the interface between modern technologies and art. The article offers definitions of the Metaverse, NFT and digital art. Apparently, these elements of social (and technological) reality not only overlap, but also complement each other. The text attempts to answer the question of what potential the next phase of digital transformation brings for visual artists.
Lonely, isolated, self-excluded? What is the reason for the absence of male seniors in cultural institutions?
Authors: Stachura Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

The aim of this article is to present the determinants of the limited presence of senior men in cultural institutions in Poland. The text characterises the context in which older men undertake institutional cultural activity and identifies the main reasons why the scale of their cultural participation is low. The fundamental factors that differentiate the nature of cultural participation are gender, the resulting behavioural patterns and individual adaptation strategies. These themes are analysed in the context of the barriers and problems experienced by male seniors, and the risks of social exclusion within this group are highlighted.
La cosmovisión religiosa andina en los documentos inéditos del Archivo Romano de la Compañía de Jesús (1851-1752)
Authors: Polia Meconi Mario
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo consultando los documentos originales conservados en el Archivo General de la Compañía de Jesús, en Roma. Trátase, en su mayoría, de "Cartas Anuas" que, de acuerdo a las reglas vigentes en la Compañía, los Provinciales dirigían al General de la Compañía. No faltan, sin embargo, algunas cartas particulares que los misioneros ( operarii, "obreros") enviaban al Provincial dando cuenta del progreso de su obra evangelizadora, del estado de las misiones, de las costumbres religiosas autóctonas -clasificadas de "idolatrías"- y brindando también otras noticias. De estas cartas particulares, que servían como base para la preparación de las "Cartas Anuas", desafortunadamente se han conservado sólo algunas. Las más interesantes de ellas, desde la perspectiva que nos hemos propuesto, se presentan en la selección que hoy se publica.
Estudios de lingüística andina
Authors: Granda Germán de
Published: July 2023

Es sin duda un honroso encargo el que nos hizo el doctor Germán de Granda al pedirnos unas líneas de presentación al volumen que se agrega ahora a la vasta y voluminosa obra de su autoría. El libro con el que en esta oportunidad prestigia el Fondo Editorial de nuestra Universidad constituye uno de los últimos aportes del autor dentro de una temática que al presente ocupa su atención de estudioso e investigador experimentado: el fenómeno del contacto lingüístico entre el quechua y el castellano, particularmente, aunque no de manera excluyente, el correspon, diente al área del noroeste argentino, zona hasta hace poco no comprendida entre los estudios de dialectología hispanoamericana dentro de dicho ámbito por razones ideológicas y conceptuales históricamente entendibles aunque no justificables, como el propio autor se encargará de precisar. El presente volumen recoge así un conjunto articulado de estudios aparecidos inicialmente en prestigiosas revistas nacionales y extranjeras, algunas de ellas de difícil acceso en nuestro medio, en los que el autor, de reconocida autoridad en materia de sociolingüística y dialectología del español hispanoamericano, descubre, evalúa, examina (y reexamina también), de manera crítica, con la lucidez y la erudición que lo singularizan, una serie de fenómenos de raigambre morfosintáctica que caracterizan y tipifican el castellano del noroeste argentino, forjado al contacto con la variedad quechua transplantada desde el Perú a dicho espacio por incas y españoles. Tales fenómenos, que no son del todo privativos del área estudiada, y que por ello mismo ratifican su condición de rasgos tipificadores del castellano andino en su totalidad, adquieren sin embargo notoria peculiaridad dentro del territorio delimitado en razón del conjunto de factores sociohistóricos que pautaron de modo especial la configuración dialectal de ambas entidades en contacto.
Breast cancer radiotherapy - changes in fractionation schemes through decades
Authors:   Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia, Antunac Katarina , Beketić-Orešković Lidija
Published: July 2023

Traditionally, as a standard dose fractionation schedule, adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer has been performed using prescribed doses of 46–50 Gy divided into daily fractions of 1.8–2 Gy. Overall, radiotherapy treatment took 5 weeks. In the 1990s, schedules using higher daily doses (2.5–3 Gy), a smaller number of fractions (hypofractionation), and a reduced overall prescribed dose started in the context of clinical trials. First results revealed an equivalent cosmetic effect of hypofractionated protocols compared to standard fractionation, and after longer follow-up, hypofractionation was connected with better control of the disease. Hypofractionation started to be considered the new treatment standard. Results of newer clinical trials confirm the efficacy and safety of adjuvant breast cancer radiotherapy lasting 5 working days using daily fractions of 5.2 Gy in certain subgroups of breast cancer patients.
Latest perspectives on the benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors:   School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, Budija Tea , Marić-Brozić Jasmina
Published: July 2023

Treatment for gastric cancer has multiple approaches and options across the world. Standard treatment for the Asian population comprises D2-gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, in Europe and North America, clinical trials have shown that perioperative chemotherapy, given to patients before surgery, could improve resection and survival rates significantly. Most recent studies have also discussed the advantages of doublet vs. triplet chemotherapy regimens. Furthermore, researchers have been comparing the effects of perioperative chemoradiotherapy as opposed to chemotherapy alone. The specific advantages of previously stated therapy options, as well as any novel treatments, should be researched more thoroughly in the future.
Bifidobacterium in anticancer immunochemotherapy: friend or foe?
Authors: Procaccianti Giorgia , Roggiani Sara , Conti Gabriele , Brigidi Patrizia , Turroni Silvia , D’Amico Federica
Published: July 2023

The gut microbiome has received a crescendo of attention in recent years due to myriad influences on human pathophysiology, including cancer. Anticancer therapy research is constantly looking for new hints to improve response to therapy while reducing the risk of relapse. In this scenario, Bifidobacterium, which inhabits the gut microbial ecosystem (especially that of children) and is considered a health-associated microbe, has emerged as a key target to assist anticancer treatments for a better prognosis. However, some researchers have recently hypothesized an unfavorable role of Bifidobacterium spp. in anticancer immunochemotherapy, leading to some confusion in the field. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of Bifidobacterium spp. in relation to anticancer treatments, discussing the pros and cons of its presence in the gut microbiome of cancer patients. The current intervention strategies based on the administration of probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium are then discussed. Finally, the need to conduct further studies, especially functional ones, is underlined to provide robust experimental evidence, especially on the underlying molecular mechanisms, and thus resolve the controversies on this microbe for the long-term success of immunochemotherapy.
Where does the praise for artificial intelligence come to an end? Tolerance for anything is not boundless
Authors: Tulgar Serkan , Ahiskalioglu Ali
Published: July 2023

...
Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Based on Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Shirsat Mahendra D. , Hianik Tibor
Published: July 2023

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) have acute toxic effects on the health and are dangerous for human ex-istence and the ecosystem. Therefore, its sensitive and selective detection is of great importance. In recent years various nanocomposite materials have been used by researchers for the detection of HMIs by using various modalities of electrochemical techniques. This review article summarizes the recent advances in developing electrochemical sensors based on numerous nanocomposite mate-rials for detecting heavy metal ions. Nanocomposites materials, such as Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), organic conducting polymers (OCP), carbon nanotubes, graphene/reduced graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, metal oxide, chitosan, mxenes, metal nanoparticle-based nanocomposites, etc. have been explored by various researchers to improve the sensing properties of electrochemical sensors. This review emphasized the synthesis and characterization techniques of nanocomposite materials, modalities for HMI detection by electrochemical technique and the electrochemical sensors. Moreover, this review highlights the development of portable biosensors for detecting HMIs in real-world scenarios, such as environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. This review also demonstrates the importance of electrochemical sensors-based on nanocomposite ma-terials as a reliable, sensitive, and selective tool for detecting HMIs.
Studies on Agrochemical Controlled Release Behavior of Copolymer Hydrogels of PVA Blends Natural Polymers and their Water-retention Capability in agricultural Soil
Authors: Jabrail Fawzi Habeeb , Mutlaq Maysam Salih , Al-Ojar Roua a Kassim
Published: July 2023

Agriculture technical development exclusively relies on the effective delivery of agrochemicals and water to the plants and reduce the harmful effects of the agrochemicals on the useful organisms in the soil. Wherefore, super absorbent hydrogels were prepared by copolymerization of gum Arabic (GA) with chitosan (CS) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and cross-linked by N,’N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) chemically (CH) or using sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as physical (PH) cross-linker. The prepared hydrogels include PVA/GA-CH, PVA/GA-PH, CS/GA-CH and CS/GA-PH showed different degree of swelling (DS) in the following swelling medium, deionized water (DW), river water(RW) and buffer solution pH9. PVA/GA-CH and CS/GA-CH hydrogels have showed 84g/g and 63g/g maximum DS in RW respectively, while PVA/GA-PH and CS/GA-PH hydrogels have showed 81g/g and 69g/g maximum DS in pH9 respectively. The water- retention capability of some hydrogels were studied using a mixture of 0.5%(w/w) hydrogel in agricultural soil and the composite showed about 20 days extra retain of water with a control sample of soil alone. The hydrogels were loaded using urea the important fertilizer in agriculture field. The hydrogels of higher DS were only loaded, where PVA/GA-CH hydrogel has shown 89%(w/w) maximum loading percentage (Lmax%), and CS/GA-PH hydrogel reached 79.75%(w/w) of urea. The release behavior in different medium and degree of temperatures of loaded hydrogels were studied. Generally, PVA/GA-CH hydrogel have shown better release profile in RW medium at 10oC, while CS/GA-PH hydrogel showed more controlled release in pH9 medium at 30oC. Different analytical methods of SEM, FTIR of loaded hydrogel and after their release were achieved, whereas XRD,1H NMR and (TGA, DSC) of prepared hydrogels have been characterized.
PCa-Clf: A Classifier of Prostate Cancer Patients into Indolent and Aggressive Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mamidi Yashwanth Karthik Kumar , Mamidi Tarun Karthik Kumar , Kabir Md Wasi Ul , Wu Jiande , Hoque Md Tamjidul , Hicks Chindo
Published: July 2023

Accurately distinguishing between indolent and aggressive tumors is a crucial unmet need in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa). The traditional Gleason grading system has been utilized for this purpose; however, there is often ambiguity in classifying tumors with a Gleason grade of 7. Clinicians commonly resort to using secondary Gleason grades, such as 3+4 or 4+3, to classify these tumors as indolent or aggressive, respectively. Unfortunately, such classifications are prone to misinterpretation, leading to erroneous diagnoses and prognoses. To address this challenge, we investigated the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to classify PCa patients based on gene expression data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By comparing gene expression levels between indolent and aggressive tumors, we sought to identify distinctive features for developing and validating a range of ML algorithms and stacking techniques. The stacking based model achieved an impressive accuracy of 96% for all samples encompassing primary Gleason grades 6 to 10. Notably, when excluding Gleason grade 7 from the analysis, the accuracy further improved to 97%. This study underscores the effectiveness of the stacked ML algorithm for accurately classifying indolent versus aggressive PCa. Leveraging gene expression data and employing a combination of classifiers, this approach offers a powerful solution to address the unmet need in robustly distinguishing between different types of PCa tumors. Future implementation of this methodology may significantly impact clinical decision-making and patient outcomes in the management of prostate cancer.
Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of the Covalent Drugs for DNMT3A
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhuang Jingyuan , Li Chen , Bai Chen , Cheng Gui-Juan
Published: July 2023

The perturbations of DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) may cause uncontrolled gene expression, resulting in cancers and tumors. The DNMT inhibitors Azacytidine (AZA) and Zebu-larine (ZEB) inhibit the DNMT family with no specificities and consequently would bring side effects during the treatment. Therefore, it is vital to understand their inhibitory mechanisms in DNMT3A to inform the new inhibitor design for DNMTs. Herein, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of AZA and ZEB. The results were compared to the methyl transfer of cytosine. We showed AZA might stop the methyl transfer process, whereas the ZEB might be stuck in a me-thyl-transferred intermediate (IM3). Such IM3 state then fails the elimination due to the unique protein dynamics that result in missing the catalytic water chain. Our results brought atomic-level insights into the mechanisms of the two drugs in DNMT3A, which could benefit the new generation of drug design for the DNMTs.
Blood metabolites profile and Growth Hormone mRNA expression of Peranakan Ongole cattle fed with finishing ration containing Vinasse-molasses
Authors: Fassah Dilla Mareistia , Nuraini Nanda Nadhifa , Khotijah Lilis , Komalasari Kokom , Suharti Sri , Astuti Dewi Apri , Wiryawan I Komang Gede , Sudarman Asep , Diapari Didid
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effects of Molasses replacement with Vinasse-molasses in ration on the blood metabolite profiles and mRNA expression of Growth Hormone 1 (GH1) of finishing Peranakan Ongole (PO) Cattle.

Methods: Ten male PO cattle in averaged 209 ± 21 kg of body weight were equally allocated to receive either molasses or Vinasse-molasses dietary treatments. The concentrate diet was contained of either 15% of molasses (control) or Vinasse-molasses. This study observed the nutrient intake, percentage of weight gain, blood metabolite profiles and GH1 mRNA expression of PO cattle.

Results: The result showed that replacing molasses with vinasse-molasses reduced (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) and intakes of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN). Nevertheless, Vinasse-molasses inclusion did not change (P>0.05) percentage of weight gain. Vinasse-molasses increased (P<0.05) the blood urea nitrogen level, while it did not affect (P>0.05) the GH1 mRNA levels.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that replacing molasses with vinasse-molasses does not change blood metabolite profile, GH1 mRNA expression and performance of PO cattle.  Vinasse-molasses could be applied as energy sources ingredient to replace molasses in finishing cattle feed.
Convict cichlid parental defense behavior towards conspecific and heterospecific parental pairs influences natural pair distribution
Authors: Santangelo Nicholas , Lane Morgan Rose , Breukelen Natalie April van
Published: July 2023

Parental defense is risky, so parents balance the costs and benefits to make context-dependent decisions based on the type of threat which may impact pair distribution. Our previous field studies in convict cichlids, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, showed that the risk of brood mixing impacts aggression towards conspecific intruders. We also observed that parental pairs seem to distribute differently in relation to conspecifics versus heterospecific pairs. Parental aggression appeared to vary depending on species, with more aggression towards conspecifics than heterospecifics at closer distances. Here, we mapped pair distribution identifying pairs with neighbors within 3m. We found that more convict cichlid pairs had neighbors than did not and those with neighbors tended to be closer to heterospecifics than conspecifics. We then presented pairs of parental convict cichlids with stimuli consisting of other parental convict cichlid pairs or parental Hypsophrys nematopus pairs. Each focal pair was exposed to each species separately and then simultaneously at both near (20cm) and far (60cm) distances. During separate presentations, focal parents were more aggressive at near distances versus far distances for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, though the aggression towards heterospecifics was always less than that toward conspecifics at each distance. In the simultaneous presentations the focal parents were always more aggressive toward conspecific stimuli. These results support the idea that each species represent separate risks (such as conspecific brood mixing or predation) and benefits (such as shared offspring or territory defense) to reproductive fitness, which help shape the observed natural distribution of pairs.
Two Novel Approaches for the Implementation and Assessment of Self-Directed Learning in the Pre-Clinical Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Menon Bindu , Matus Coral D. , Laukka Jeremy J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Self-directed learning (SDL) is a process in which learners diagnose their learning needs, formulate learning goals, and identify appropriate resources to close the knowledge gap. While there has been a growing emphasis on medical schools incorporating SDL into their curriculum, implementation can bring challenges. The objective of this study was to assess student satisfaction as well as content mastery after implementing two novel models of SDL into our pre-clinical curriculum.
Methods
In the first model instructors provided a detailed clinical vignette (topic: anticoagulants; Cardio-Renal system) to the students, who were then instructed to identify a learning objective, identify appropriate resources, and submit their findings on the learning management software. Instructors provided individual narrative feedback to the students based on a well-defined rubric. In the second model, the faculty designed a series of questions/learning objectives based on a chosen topic (COVID-19). The students were divided into small groups of 5–6. Each group chose a clinical question, found original research papers that addressed their learning objective, and then presented the findings to their peers. The faculty provided narrative feedback based on their presentation guided by a rubric. The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of the second-year students who participated in the program (n = 158/175; 90%). Survey items measured students' approach towards SDL, thoughts on the role of SDL in their learning process, and factors influencing their engagement and satisfaction. Finally, we analyzed students’ content mastery on the topic covered by SDL in the internal assessments using a cognitively diagnostic assessment called the Deterministic Input, Noisy “And” Gate (DINA) model.
Results
Students reacted positively in the survey with 69% percent of the respondents reporting that SDL reinforced their learning and 66% agreeing that it helped their development as lifelong learners. DINA model analysis showed that 91% of the students attained the skills necessary to answer questions on “COVID-19”.
Conclusions
Other medical schools can easily adapt the two innovative approaches described here. In the next phase, the methods will be further refined and elaborated into other systems based on student feedback.
Multiomics analysis reveals a Type III driven immune response in immunotherapy-induced toxicity in melanoma and identifies potential new therapeutic targets
Authors: Levesque Mitchell , Dimitriou Florentia , Cheng Phil , Saltari Annalisa , Schaper-Gerhardt Katrin , Staeger Ramon , Haunerdinger Veronika , Sella Federica , Tastanova Aizhan , Urban Christian , Dettwiler Susanne , Mihic-Probst Daniela , Michielin Olivier , Gutzmer Ralf , Long Georgina , Becher Burkhard , Dummer Reinhard
Published: July 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard-of-care for the treatment of advanced melanoma, but their use is limited by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Proteomic analysis and multiplex cytokine/chemokine assay from serum at baseline and at irAEs onset in 82 patients indicated aberrant T-cell activity with differential expression of Type I and III immune signatures. This was in line with an increase in the proportions of monocytes and decrease of IL-17A producing CD4+ T-cells in the peripheral blood in single cell RNA sequencing. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial transcriptomics on ICI-induced skin rash and colitis showed increase in the proportion of CD4+ T-cells with IL-17A expression. Anti-IL17A mAbs were administered in two patients with myocarditis, colitis and skin rash with resolution of the irAE. This study demonstrates the potential role of Type III CD4+ T-cells in the irAEs development and provides proof-of-principle evidence to support a clinical trial examining anti-IL17A in their management.
Upscaling modeling of effective elastic properties and anisotropic damage propagation in fractured materials regarded as homogenized media
Authors: Guimarães Marcos Bressan , de Aguiar Cássio Barros , Maghous Samir
Published: July 2023

A model combining the micromechanical reasoning with macroscopic thermodynamic concepts is formulated in this paper for damage evolution in microfractured materials. Fractures correspond to a region of small thickness, along which mechanical and physical properties of the material are degraded. Unlike cracks, fractures are discontinuities able to transfer stress and, therefore, can be regarded from a mechanical viewpoint as interfaces endowed with a specific behavior under normal and shear loading. The present paper consists of employing a micromechanical approach to formulate the homogenized elastic behavior of fractured media. In the context of Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion theory, the approach employs the Mori-Tanaka scheme to estimate the homogenized elastic moduli of materials with multiple fracture families. According to classical references, fractures are geometrically modeled as oblate spheroids endowed with appropriate elastic properties. In order to evaluate the damage evolution in materials with several families of microfractures, a damage model is formulated by combining the above results with a classical thermodynamics approach. Particular emphasis is dedicated to the representation of anisotropic damage, induced by a load applied in a specific direction to a material with an isotropic fracture distribution. The ability of the damage model to describe the response of a material under any loading is demonstrated through a comparison with available experimental data for a ceramic matrix composite silicon carbide reinforced with silicon carbide fibers (SiC-SiC).
Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the upper Badenian carbonate and siliciclastic nearshore facies in the Vienna Basin
Authors: Jamrich Michal , Rybár Samuel , Ruman Andrej , Kováčová Marianna , Hudáčková Natália
Published: July 2023

This study provides a comprehensive examination of algal bioherm structures, including reefs and carpets that contain nannoplankton and foraminifera, originating from the upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) strata of the Vienna Basin in the Central Paratethys. These lithofacies primarily consist of calcareous red seaweeds from the Lithothamnion genus. Through an integrated approach that combines calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera, sedimentology, and palynology, the study explores the Serravallian (upper Badenian) sediments from the Paratethys Sea shelf. The biostratigraphic age, consistent with the NN6 and CPN9 zones, is further corroborated by 87Sr/86Sr dating. Our research highlights the importance of taphonomic processes and paleoecological proxies in small-scale characterization and detecting short-term shifts within paleoenvironmental conditions. These unique bioherm structures contribute to recognizing a novel limestone formation within the Vienna Basin (The Sandberg Formation), which seems pervasive across the Central Paratethys region. The findings uphold the hypothesis of a profound connection between the Mediterranean and Central Paratethys via the Trans Tethyan Trench Corridor, bolstered by upwelling conditions observed in the eastern perimeter of the Vienna Basin. We confirm two main inhibitory mechanisms for carbonate growth in the upper Badenian epoch within the Central Paratethys area: the first is a substantial siliciclastic influx from the Alps and Carpathians, supported by the ongoing rifting of the Vienna and Danube basins; the second is the propagation of evaporites in the Transcarpathian and Transylvanian basins leading to precipitation, which disrupts carbonate growth. This investigation underlines the intertwined relationship between regional geodynamics and carbonate sedimentation processes during the Miocene era.
3d Pharamacophore Model, Virtual Screening, Binding Affinity and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Potential Anticancerous Compounds Against Mammalian Target Rapamycin
Authors: Aarthi S , Keerthana T , Puniethaa Prabhu
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is a genetically-based public health issue that affects people worldwide. The advancement of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex of the mammalian target (mTOR), the protein that is dysregulated in breast cancer, is essentially concerned with a hormone receptor. The mTORC1 and mTORC2 multiprotein complexes may be cleaved by mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase. mTOR's fap receptor movement is deregulated, which plays a part in cancer, weight, and maturing. The current study aims to acquire anti-cancer compounds from Naturally occurring Plant-based Anti-cancer Compounds (NPACT) as ligands against the target proteins of human breast cancer and identify promising hits against each target protein by analyzing ADME/T (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties for the chosen ligands and biomolecular interactions. Analyzing the biomolecular interactions, a pharmacophore model with a structure-based was created. and validated using Maestro 11.1. The best three compounds obtained after high-throughput screening are fap-363127 (taiwanin C), 5490349 (20-hydroxyresiniferol 9,13,14-orthophenylacetate), and 493164 (taiwanin E). The pharmacophore model displayed three main features: ARRR, Hydrogen bond acceptor, donor, and aromatic rings. Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation technique for examining the physical fluctuations of molecular complexes using GROMACS (GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations). The explicit solvent model simulated the protein-ligand complexes for 100 ns. The RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) value of the mTOR-Benzothiazol complex ranges between 0.2 nm and 3 nm. The RMSF (Root Mean Square Fluctuation) and Rg (Radiation of gyration) are done by the highest binding compounds. This study suggests that the selected chemicals should be researched and analyzed further for breast tumor treatment and care strategies.
Complicated congenital seminal vesicle cyst with unilateral renal agenesis: A rare case report
Authors: Kılıç Sinan , Kaba Mehmet
Published: July 2023

A 16-year-old male patient presented to the pediatric surgery outpatient clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain persisting for approximately two weeks. Laboratory tests revealed a mild elevation in liver enzymes ALT and AST (80 mg/dL and 85 mg/dL, respectively). The viral hepatitis panel and hydatid cyst serology were negative. Abdominal ultrasonography showed the absence of the right kidney and the presence of a dense cystic mass in the posterior of the bladder. Abdominal tomography confirmed right kidney agenesis and identified a 7.5x7.5x10 cm cystic mass extending from the posterior of the bladder to the central zone of the prostate. The patient, with persistent fever (38.4 °C) and worsening abdominal pain, underwent surgery. The complicated seminal vesicle cyst located in the posterior of the bladder was opened laparoscopically. After the cyst was opened, a significant amount of cystic fluid, believed to be purulent ejaculate, was aspirated, and then the cystic mass was completely removed. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day. A month later, liver enzymes returned to normal.
CCM-MADM: An approach to detect compromised Twitter accounts using Cognitive Cloud Model and Multi-Attribute Decision Making
Authors: S. Mary Saira Bhanu , V. Savyan P.
Published: July 2023

Account compromising is a leading security chal-lenge to Online social networks. The compromised Online SocialNetwork accounts are used for malicious activities. The challengesposed by compromised accounts are more severe than many othersecurity attacks because because once an account is compromised,the attacker gains complete access to the account. The attackersmake use of the well established trusted network associated withthe compromised accounts. One of the challenges in detectingcompromised twitter account is the uncertainty inherent to thetweets. Another challenge is the complexity in user behaviourexhibited in various attributes related to the user account andtweets.Existing works found in literature fails to address theuncertainity in tweets. The aim of this paper is to proposesan approach to detect compromised twitter accounts usinga combined approach of machine learning and multi-criteriadecision making. In order to address the uncertaininy of tweetscognitive clound model is applied. New features are derived in thiswork to represent tweets.This proposed approach exhibits betteraccuracy compared to Weighted Sum method and WeightedProduct method comes under the multi criteria decision makingmethods and with random forest classifier.
Purification of Functional Soybean Oligosaccharides using Yeast PL08 by Fed-batch Fermentation
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Lu Weiwei , Zhang Yixin , Wang Liping
Published: July 2023

In order to provide a theoretical premise for the purification of soy oligosaccharides from soybean whey, this paper examines the yeast PL08 fermentation process for purifying functional soybean oligosaccharides. Using the logistic model and the Luedeking-Piret model, the kinetics of PL08 cell growth, sucrose consumption, and ethanol production were determined by nonlinear data fitting. The linearity of the models was as high as 0.98, indicating the viability of this method. At 30h, the batch fermentation procedure revealed that the purity of functional oligosaccharides was 94.12%, while the ethanol concentration continued to rise to 3.0%vol. Based on the results of kinetic studies, a 10L exponential feeding culture was conducted, and the results indicated that the alcohol concentration can be controlled below 0.10%vol, the maximum biomass concentration was 50.01g/L, and the maximum purity of functional soybean oligosaccharide was 95.59% in 21h.