bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between the prevalence of depression and age in a large representative German sample of people aged 53 to 80 years
Authors: Wild Beate , Herzog Wolfgang , Schellberg Dieter , Lechner Sabine , Niehoff Doro , Brenner Hermann , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Stegmaier Christa , Raum Elke
Published: May 2011

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the association between the prevalence of clinically significant depression and age in a large representative sample of elderly German people.

Methods

In the second follow‐up (2005–2007) of the ESTHER cohort study, the 15‐item geriatric depression scale (GDS‐15) as well as a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire were administered to a representative sample of 8270 people of ages 53 to 80 years. The prevalence of clinically significant depression was estimated using a GDS cut‐off score of 5/6. Prevalence rates were estimated for the different age categories. Association between depression and age was analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for gender, co‐morbid medical disorders, education, marital status, physical activity, smoking, self‐perceived cognitive impairment, and anti‐depressive medication.

Results

Of the participants, 7878 (95.3%) completed more than twelve GDS items and were included in the study. The prevalence of clinically significant depression was 16.0% (95%CI = [15.2; 16.6]). The function of depression prevalence dependent on age group showed a U‐shaped pattern (53–59: 21.0%, CI = [18.9; 23.3]; 60–64: 17.7%, CI = [15.7; 19.7]; 65–69: 12.6%, CI = [11.2; 14.0]; 70–74: 14.4%, CI = [12.6; 16.0]; 75–80: 17.1%, CI = [14.9; 19.4]). Adjusted odds ratios showed that the chances of being depressive decrease with the age category but remain relatively stable for people aged 65 and over.

Conclusions

The prevalence of depression in the elderly seems to be associated with the age category. Adjusted odds ratios showed that people aged 60 and older had lower chances of being depressive than people aged 53 to 59 years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reaction of (N‐isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane with (E)‐3‐aryl‐2‐ propenoic acid derivatives: One‐pot synthesis of 2‐[(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles via intramolecular aza‐Wittig reaction
Authors: Ahankar Hamideh , Ramazani Ali , Amini Issa , Ahmadi Yavar , Souldozi Ali
Published: May 2011

The reaction of (E)‐3‐aryl‐2‐propenoic acid derivatives with (N‐isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane proceeds smoothly at room temperature to afford the corresponding 2‐[(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole via an intramolecular aza‐Wittig reaction in good yields under neutral conditions. The structures of the products were deduced from their IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra and mass spectrometry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:612–616, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20701
Alkylation of SH‐heterocycles with diethyl phosphite using tetrachloroethylene as an efficient solvent
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Ren Rong‐Guo , Da Yu‐Xia , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: May 2011

Treatment of mercapto‐heterocyclic compounds with diethyl phosphite in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in tetrachloroethylene has given the S‐ethylated product in good yields and high chemoselectivity. This procedure is compatible with a wide range of SH‐compounds such as 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiol, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiol, benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐thiol, and substituted benzenethiol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:653–658, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20729
Tobacco carcinogen metabolites and DNA adducts as biomarkers in Head and Neck cancer: Potential screening tools and prognostic indicators
Authors: Khariwala Samir S. , Hatsukami Dorothy , Hecht Stephen S.
Published: May 2011

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of many cancers that are strongly associated with tobacco use. Whereas HNSCC is often seen in tobacco users, many tobacco users do not develop carcinoma; and the differences between smokers with and without HNSCC are poorly studied to date. Some smokers may be inherently more susceptible to developing carcinoma due to patterns of tobacco use, innate metabolism of carcinogens, or altered excretion. Identifying those smokers at greatest risk for HNSCC would have great benefit through targeted smoking cessation efforts and enhanced surveillance. One approach to better understand the extent of exposure to, and metabolism of, tobacco carcinogens is through the use of tobacco‐specific metabolites. Tobacco‐specific metabolites can identify patterns of dose, exposure, and metabolism, and perhaps ultimately characterize the important differences between smokers who develop HNSCC and smokers who do not. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Experience with local lymph node assay performance standards using standard radioactivity and nonradioactive cell count measurements
Authors: Basketter David , Kolle Susanne N. , Schrage Arnhild , Honarvar Naveed , Gamer Armin O. , van Ravenzwaay Bennard , Landsiedel Robert
Published: May 2011

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is the preferred test for identification of skin‐sensitizing substances by measuring radioactive thymidine incorporation into the lymph node. To facilitate acceptance of nonradioactive variants, validation authorities have published harmonized minimum performance standards (PS) that the alternative endpoint assay must meet. In the present work, these standards were applied to a variant of the LLNA based on lymph node cell counts (LNCC) run in parallel as a control with the standard LLNA with radioactivity measurements, with threshold concentrations (EC3) being determined for the sensitizers. Of the 22 PS chemicals tested in this study, 21 yielded the same results from standard radioactivity and cell count measurements; only 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole was positive by LLNA but negative by LNCC. Of the 16 PS positives, 15 were positive by LLNA and 14 by LNCC; methylmethacrylate was not identified as sensitizer by either of the measurements. Two of the six PS negatives tested negative in our study by both LLNA and LNCC. Of the four PS negatives which were positive in our study, chlorobenzene and methyl salicylate were tested at higher concentrations than the published PS, whereas the corresponding concentrations resulted in consistent negative results. Methylmethacrylate and nickel chloride tested positive within the concentration range used for the published PS. The results indicate cell counts and radioactive measurements are in good accordance within the same LLNA using the 22 PS test substances. Comparisons with the published PS results may, however, require balanced analysis rather than a simple checklist approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histology of tooth attachment tissues and plicidentine inVaranus(Reptilia: Squamata), and a discussion of the evolution of amniote tooth attachment
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Caldwell Michael W. , Lamoureux Denis O. , Budney Lisa A.
Published: May 2011

Few recent studies have examined the histological basis for tooth attachment in squamates. In the past few years, a surge of interest in this topic has led to the intriguing suggestion that the major tissues derived from the tooth germ (enamel, dentine, cementum and alveolar bone), are conservative and are present in all amniotes. In this study, we describe the histology and development of the tooth attachment complex inVaranus rudicollis, the rough‐neck monitor. We provide the first published evidence for the role of cementum and alveolar bone in tooth attachment in varanoid lizards. InVaranus,cementum is deposited on the external surface of the tooth root as well as at the base of the tooth, where it plays a role in the attachment of the tooth to the jawbone. Alveolar bone is also involved in tooth ankylosis. Our results support the hypothesis that the major tooth germ tissues are found in all amniotes. We provide insights into the structure and development of plicidentine, defined as infolding of the dentine around the tooth base. This feature is unique to varanoids among extant tetrapods and is the third tissue implicated in tooth attachment inVaranus. Plicidentine develops asymmetrically along the labial‐lingual axis of a tooth.Varanusis characterized by the presence of both primary and higher‐order lamellae, which anastomose to form a honeycomb‐like surface that then interacts with the more basal attachment tissues. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone metastases: Evaluation of acuity of lesions using dynamic gadolinium‐chelate enhancement, preliminary results
Authors: Northam Meredith , de Campos Rafael O.P. , Ramalho Miguel , Heredia Vasco , Gonzalez Carlos A. , Azevedo Rafael M. , Semelka Richard C.
Published: May 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate whether enhancement on serial dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced abdominal–pelvic MR imaging (DCE‐MRI) can determine the acuity of bone metastases.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty consecutive patients who underwent abdominal–pelvic DCE‐MRI for evaluation/staging of a proven cancer and had bone metastases were included. Two radiologists analyzed in consensus 59 DCE‐MRIs of these patients. Region of interest measurements were performed in up to three lesions on noncontrast T1‐weighted, serial hepatic arterial dominant phase (HADP), early hepatic venous phase (EHVF), and interstitial phase (IP) postgadolinium images, and the percentage enhancement of 134 lesions was calculated. The coordinator separately and retrospectively sorted the lesions into three groups based on the imaging and clinical information: acute/active, subacute, and chronic metastases.

Results:

The mean percentage enhancement of the bone metastases classified as acute/active, subacute, and chronic in the HADP, EHVP and IP were respectively (%): 134, 107, 99; 87, 86, 87; and 39, 65, 73. In the HADP, acute/active lesions enhanced significantly more than both subacute (1.53‐fold) and chronic (3.4‐fold) lesions (P < 0.01). Time intensity curves were significantly different between these three entities as well.

Conclusion:

The enhancement on arterial phase images and the time–intensity curves were different for acute/active, subacute, and chronic bone metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct magnetic resonance arthrography of the wrist with axial traction: A feasibility study to assess joint cartilage
Authors: Guntern Daniel , Becce Fabio , Richarme Delphine , Palhais Nuno S , Meuli Reto , Theumann Nicolas
Published: May 2011

Purpose:

To assess the impact of axial traction during acquisition of direct magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the wrist with regard to joint space width and amount of contrast material between the opposing cartilage surfaces.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen consecutive patients (12 male, mean age 38.1 years) were included in this Institutional Review Board‐approved prospective study. Three‐compartment wrist MR arthrographies were performed between October and December 2009 on a 3 T unit using a fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted isotropic high‐resolution volumetric interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE) sequence in the coronal plane, with and without axial traction (3 kg). Two radiologists measured radiocarpal (radioscaphoid, radiolunate) and midcarpal (lunocapitate, hamatolunate) joint space widths, with and without traction, and assessed the amount of contrast material between the opposing cartilage surfaces using a three‐point scale: 0 = absence, 1 = partial, 2 = complete.

Results:

With traction, joint space width increased significantly at the radioscaphoid (Δ = 0.78 mm, P < 0.01), radiolunate (Δ = 0.18 mm, P < 0.01), and lunocapitate (Δ = 0.45 mm, P < 0.01) spaces, and both observers detected significantly more contrast material between the cartilage surfaces. At the hamatolunate space, the differences in joint space width (Δ = 0.14 mm, P = 0.54) and amount of contrast material were not significant.

Conclusion:

Direct wrist MR arthrography with axial traction of 3 kg increases joint space width at the radiocarpal and lunocapitate spaces, and prompts better coverage of the articular cartilage by the contrast material. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skull‐stripping method for brain MRI using a 3D level set with a speedup operator
Authors: Hwang Jinyoung , Han Yeji , Park HyunWook
Published: May 2011

Purpose:

To extract the brain region from brain magnetic resonance (MR) images using a fast 3D level set method and a refinement process.

Materials and Methods:

The proposed method introduces a speedup operator to the conventional 3D level set method in order to accelerate the level set evolution. While the processing time for brain extraction is reduced by the speedup operator, the accuracy of brain extraction is also improved by adopting a refinement process.

Results:

The speedup operator yielded a 75% reduction in the total iteration numbers for the synthesized volume. The proposed method was applied to several datasets and compared with previous methods, ie, BrainVisa, BET, and FreeSurfer. The proposed method provided a Jaccard index of 0.971 ± 0.0114 for the BrainWeb dataset, 0.864 ± 0.035 for the IBSR dataset, and 0.9414 ± 0.0517 for a self‐produced dataset acquired with a 3T MRI system.

Conclusion:

Utilizing a speedup operator, the proposed method reduced the evolution time. Robust and accurate results for various datasets were obtained in experiments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does surgery or radiation therapy impact survival for patients with extrapulmonary small cell cancers?
Authors: Grossman Robert A. , Pedroso Felipe E. , Byrne Margaret M. , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Misra Subhasis
Published: May 2011

Background and Objectives

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCC) are rare tumors where therapy remains poorly defined. We sought to determine the impact of surgical extirpation and radiation therapy for outcomes of EPSCC.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for patients with EPSCC which were further categorized by site and evaluated for survival by specific treatment strategy.

Results

We identified 94,173 patients with small cell carcinoma of which 88,605 (94.1%) and 5,568 (5.9%) had pulmonary small cell carcinoma and EPSCC, respectively. EPSCC patients were subdivided by site with the following proportions: genitourinary (24.1%), gastrointestinal (22.1%), head and neck (7.1%), breast (4%), and miscellaneous (42.7%). Overall EPSSC and specifically gastrointestinal disease had significantly improved median, 5‐ and 10‐year survival with surgery and/or radiation for all stages and sizes. For all EPSCCs multivariate analysis revealed age (>50), gender (female), stage (regional, distant), radiation, and surgery to be independent predictors of survival.

Conclusions

Although outcomes for EPSCC remains poor, both surgery and radiation is shown to significantly improve median, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates. EPSCC patients who are potential candidates for surgical resection or radiation therapy may benefit from these treatments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:604–612. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and validation of Kallikrein‐ralated peptidase 11 as a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer based on immunohistochemistry
Authors: Wen Yu‐Gang , Wang Quan , Zhou Chong‐Zhi , Yan Dong‐Wang , Qiu Guo‐Qiang , Yang Chun , Tang Hua‐Mei , Peng Zhi‐Hai
Published: May 2011

Background and Objectives

It is important to identify and validate the differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer to screen diagnostic and/or prognostic tumor markers.

Methods

cDNA expression microarray, gene set enrichment analysis, and bioinformatics approaches were used to screen the differentially expressed genes between gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non‐cancerous mucosa. A novel candidate prognostic marker, Kallikrein‐related peptidase 11 (KLK11), was validated in 400 Chinese gastric cancer patients. KLK11 expression in gastric cancer tissues was detected using real‐time PCR and Western blot. KLK11 protein expression was further analyzed by immunostaining on tissue microarray, followed with clinicopathological significance and survival analysis.

Results

KLK11 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer compared with that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.001). Furthermore, KLK11 expression was much lower in poorly differentiated cancer samples than that in well‐differentiated group (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed that negative KLK11 expression was associated with nearly fivefold increased risk of distant metastasis after curative gastrectomy (HR 4.65, P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that KLK11 expression emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival and overall survival (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results indicated that KLK11 expression was decreased in gastric cancer and might serve as a novel independent prognostic marker. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:516–524. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical outcomes for gastric cancer patients with intraperitoneal free cancer cell, but no macroscopic peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Kihara Kyoichi , Kuroda Hirohiko , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Tatebe Shigeru , Ikeguchi Masahide
Published: May 2011

Background and Objectives

Gastric cancer patients with intraperitoneal cancer cells have extremely poor prognoses, because they frequently develop peritoneal metastasis. The aim of the current study is to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with intraperitoneal free cancer cells who do not have recurrences.

Methods

This study examined 1,985 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent gastrectomies at our institution between January 1975 and December 2000.

Results

The 5‐year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer patients with intraperitoneal free cancer cells, but no macroscopic peritoneal metastases (P0Cy1), is 15.3%. Multivariate analysis identified only lymph node metastasis as an independent prognostic indicator in P0Cy1 patients. The 5‐year survival rates of P0Cy1 patients were 62.5%, 19.1%, 17.6%, and 9.4% in n0, n1, n2, and n3 patients, respectively. Peritoneal recurrence was observed significantly more often in P0Cy1 patients than in advanced gastric cancer patients without intraperitoneal free cancer cells.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that prognoses of P0Cy1 patients without lymph node metastasis are good, whereas the prognoses of those with lymph node metastasis are extremely poor. Therefore, radical surgery and adequate adjuvant chemotherapy should be performed for P0Cy1 patients with no lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:534–537. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and prognostic significance of CEACAM6, ITGB1, and CYR61 in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Zhong‐Sheng , Li Li , Wang Hui‐Ju , Wang Yuan‐Yu
Published: May 2011

Background

We examined CEACAM6, ITGB1, and cyr61 concentrations from patients with gastric cancers (GCs) to assess their clinical application for diagnosing and monitoring diseases.

Methods

Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expressions of CEA, CEACAM6, ITGB1, IGF1R, CK20, cyr61, and S100A4 in peripheral blood karyocyte from 82 patients with GC, 24 patients with recurrence, and 37 healthy volunteers. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed.

Results

There were significant association between these CEACAM6, ITGB1, and cyr61 and TNM Stages and distant metastasis. The AUC of CEACAM6 was 0.884 ± 0.044 (P = 0.0001), the AUC of cyr61 was 0.833 ± 0.047 (P = 0.0001), and the AUC of ITGB1 was 0.838 ± 0.042 (P = 0.0001) by differentiating preoperative GC patients from healthy volunteers from ROC curve analysis. The AUC of CEACAM6 was 0.761 ± 0.066 (P = 0.001), the AUC of CYR61 was 0.762 ± 0.063 (P = 0.001), and the AUC of ITGB1 was 0.824 ± 0.051 (P = 0.0001), by differentiating recurrence of GC from healthy volunteers from ROC curve analysis.

Conclusion

The method of detecting the expression of CEACAM6, ITGB1, and CYR61 in peripheral blood of GC patients was more sensitive than CEA, IGF1R, CK20, and S100A4 for the early diagnosis of metastasis and recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:525–529. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unique deep inferior epigastric artery perforator and implications for a muscle and fascia sparing vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap: A case report
Authors: Iyengar Ajay J. , Rozen Warren M. , Kapila Shivam , Donahoe Simon , Heriot Alexander G.
Published: May 2011

Despite the sacrifice of rectus abdominis muscle, the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (VRAM) flap is still a preferred option for perineal reconstruction. This journal has previously reported on the utility of preoperative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in this setting to identify cases that are both suitable and unsuitable for rectus abdominis flaps after previous surgery. We report a case which highlights a unique example of the benefits of such imaging, with the largest deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforator described to date identified on imaging, and used to potentiate a donor‐site sparing procedure. The use of this dominant perforator was able to limit donor site harvest to only a small cuff of anterior rectus sheath and a small segment of rectus abdominis, potentiating a muscle‐sparing and fascia‐sparing VRAM flap for perineal reconstruction. As such, preoperative CTA was found to be a useful tool in identifying a unique anatomical variant in the largest DIEA perforator described to date, and was used to potentiate a muscle‐sparing and fascia‐sparing VRAM flap for perineal reconstruction. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Relationship between lunasin's sequence and its inhibitory activity of histones H3 and H4 acetylation
Authors: Hernández‐Ledesma Blanca , Hsieh Chia‐Chien , de Lumen Ben O.
Published: May 2011

Scope: Dysfunction of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs) involved in histones acetylation has been associated with cancer. Inhibitors of these enzymes are becoming potential targets for new therapies.

Methods and Results: This study reports by Western‐Blot analysis, that peptide lunasin is mainly an in vitro inhibitor of histone H4 acetylation by P300/cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CBP)‐associated factor (PCAF), with IC50 values dependent on the lysine position sensitive to be acetylated (0.83 μM (H4‐Lys 8), 1.27 μM (H4‐Lys 12) and 0.40 μM (H4‐Lys 5, 8, 12, 16)). Lunasin is also capable of inhibiting H3 acetylation (IC50 of 5.91 μM (H3‐Lys 9) and 7.81 μM (H3‐Lys 9, 14)). Studies on structure‐activity relationship establish that lunasin's sequence are essential for inhibiting H4 acetylation whereas poly‐D sequence is the main active sequence responsible for H3 acetylation inhibition. Lunasin also inhibits H3 and H4 acetylation and cell proliferation (IC50 of 181μM) in breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, this peptide decreases expression of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases‐4 and ‐6, implicated in cell cycle pathways.

Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrates lunasin's role as modulator of histone acetylation and protein expression that might contribute on its chemopreventive properties against breast cancer.
Urinary N‐methylpyridinium and trigonelline as candidate dietary biomarkers of coffee consumption
Authors: Lang Roman , Wahl Anika , Stark Timo , Hofmann Thomas
Published: May 2011

Scope: In order to validate the in vivo function of putatively healthy molecules in foods, human intervention studies are required. As the subject's compliance concerning intake or abstinence of a given food is considered mandatory to be monitored by biomarkers, the objective was to identify analytical markers for coffee consumption.

Methods and results: Urine samples collected from coffee drinkers were compared with those of non‐coffee drinkers using hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC)/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based metabolite profiling. Two urinary molecules, found to be contributing most to the dissimilarities between both groups, were identified as N‐methylpyridinium (NMP) and trigonelline and their suitability as coffee‐specific biomarkers was validated by means of a coffee intervention study. After the volunteers (five females and four males) consumed a single dose of coffee, morning urine was collected for 10 days while staying abstinent from any coffee. HILIC‐MS/MS‐stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) revealed elevated urinary concentrations of trigonelline and NMP for up to 48 (p=0.001) and 72 h (p=0.002), respectively, after coffee consumption when compared with non‐coffee drinkers.

Conclusion: Analysis of urinary NMP allows to check for coffee consumption within a period of 3 days and is proposed as a dietary biomarker which might be used as an analytical probe to control compliance in human intervention studies on coffee.
Mothers in Recovery: An Occupational Perspective
Authors: Martin Linda M. , Smith Melissa , Rogers Jenna , Wallen Tyler , Boisvert Rosemary
Published: May 2011

The purposes of this study were to discover the stories of mothers regarding their journeys to addiction and through recovery, to explore the impact of addiction on the occupational performance of mothers and to identify the factors perceived by these mothers as important in their treatment.

A narrative inquiry with thematic analysis of data was utilized; semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 women in treatment for alcohol or other drug addiction who were all mothers of minor children.

Alterations in occupational identity, occupational performance patterns and performance capacity were revealed. Environmental elements contributing to addiction and those important in recovery were identified and included structure (or the lack of it) and the persons populating the social environment.

This qualitative study is not generalizable and should be viewed as relevant to these informants in this context; participants had histories of chronic substance addiction and are not representative of all addictions patients. Findings can be viewed within the context of other research to help enrich the reader's understanding of the complexity of issues.

Further research is recommended to test the efficacy of occupational therapy interventions for substance addictions. Possible intervention studies might include those focused on environmental structure, exploration of interests in treatment and co‐occupations of mother and child. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboxylic‐group distribution of carboxylated acrylate copolymer latexes with their properties in the presence of acrylic acid and monobutyl itaconate
Authors: Xie Jin , Lu Deping , Zhao Qian , Yuan Tingting , Guan Rong
Published: May 2011

A series of carboxylated acrylate copolymer latexes were prepared via two different emulsion polymerization technologies with different carboxylic‐group distribution and morphologies. The effects of the emulsifier, the initiator, and the carboxylic monomers [acrylic acid (AA) or monobutyl itaconate (MBI)] on the total conversion of the monomers and the properties of acrylate latexes and films have been investigated. The distribution of carboxylic groups (−COOH) measured by conductometric titration shows that the concentration of surface –COOH (Cs) and embedded –COOH (Cb) both increase with the increase of the amount of carboxylic monomers. For the latexes containing AA, –COOH tends to distribute on the surface of latex particles and in the aqueous phase, whereas –COOH tends to concentrate inside the core of latex particles for the latexes containing MBI. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the latex particles are regular with narrow size distribution and have significant differences in morphologies when different carboxylic monomers and polymerization technologies were used. The stability of latex is satisfactory through the results of common stability and zeta potential tests. Moreover, the water absorption and contact angle experiment tests also revealed that the water resistance of the latex films is good. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of supercritical CO2‐aided and conventional melt extrusion for enhancing the dissolution rate of an active pharmaceutical ingredient
Authors: Nagy Zsombor Kristóf , Sauceau Martial , Nyúl Katalin , Rodier Elisabeth , Vajna Balázs , Marosi György , Fages Jacques
Published: May 2011

Dispersing at the molecular level a drug in a polymer matrix is a major challenge to be addressed by the pharmaceutical industry to enhance its bioavailability or to control its release. Melt extrusion and supercritical CO2‐aided melt extrusion of solid pharmaceutical formulations were performed to enhance the dissolution rate of carvedilol, taken as a model of poorly soluble drug. The presence of the drug improved the processability of the polyacrylate matrix (Eudragit E) through its plasticizing effect. The supercritical method was found gentle compared with melt extrusion owing to the shorter residence time and lower processing temperature and melt viscosity. No traces of decomposition of the drug could be detected after the supercritical extrusion process based on capillary electrophoresis results. This extrusion process resulted in effective homogenization of the components and amorphization of the drug according to Raman mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy. The kinetics of dissolution can be dramatically improved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterozygous M1V variant of ELA‐2 gene mutation associated with G‐CSF refractory severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Setty Bhuvana A. , Yeager Nicholas D. , Bajwa Rajinder P.
Published: May 2011

Severe congenital neutropenia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by maturation arrest at the promyelocyte/myelocyte phase in the bone marrow, absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109/L and recurrent bacterial infections. Homozygous mutations of either HAX‐1 or ELA‐2 have been described. We report the case of a premature male infant with congenital neutropenia, associated with multiple infections, refractory to treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor who subsequently underwent matched sibling donor stem‐cell transplant. He was found to be heterozygous for the M1V variant of the ELA‐2 gene that we postulate to be causative for his severe neutropenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 514–515. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel mutation Gly603Arg of TMPRSS6 in a Korean female with iron‐refractory iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Choi Hyoung Soo , Yang Hye Ran , Song Sang Hoon , Seo Ja‐Young , Lee Ki‐O , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: May 2011

Iron‐refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare hereditary form of IDA with autosomal recessive inheritance. IRIDA is characterized by hypochromic microcytic anemia unresponsive to oral iron treatment, low transferrin saturation, and a high level of iron‐regulated hormone hepcidin. The genetic background of IRIDA is mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene encoding matriptase‐2 (TMPRSS6) that prevent inactivation of hemojuvelin, an activator of hepcidin transcription. We herein report a Korean female with IRIDA who was compound heterozygous for two mutations in TMPRSS6: a novel missense mutation c.1807G>C (p.Gly603Arg) in the serine protease domain and a known splicing mutation c.863+1G>T (IVS6+1G>T). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 640–642. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Germline genetic variation and treatment response on CCG‐1891
Authors: Sepe Dana M. , McWilliams Thomas , Chen Jinbo , Kershenbaum Aaron , Zhao Huaqing , La Mei , Devidas Meenakshi , Lange Beverly , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Aplenc Richard
Published: May 2011

Background

Recent studies suggest that polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in drug detoxification and metabolism may influence disease outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We sought to extend current knowledge by using standard and novel statistical methodology to examine polymorphic variants of genes and relapse risk, toxicity, and drug dose delivery in standard risk ALL.

Procedure

We genotyped and abstracted chemotherapy drug dose data from treatment roadmaps on 557 patients on the Children's Cancer Group ALL study, CCG‐1891. Fourteen common polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and/or phase I and II drug detoxification were evaluated individually and clique‐finding methodology was employed for detection of significant gene–gene interactions.

Results

After controlling for known risk factors, polymorphisms in four genes: GSTP1*B (HR = 1.94,P = 0.047), MTHFR (HR = 1.61,P = 0.034), MTRR (HR = 1.95,P = 0.01), and TS (3R/4R, HR = 3.69,P = 0.007) were found to significantly increase relapse risk. One gene–gene pair, MTRR A/G and GSTM1 null genotype, significantly increased the risk of relapse after correction for multiple comparisons (P = 0.012). Multiple polymorphisms were associated with various toxicities and there was no significant difference in dose of chemotherapy delivered by genotypes.

Conclusions

These data suggest that various polymorphisms play a role in relapse risk and toxicity during childhood ALL therapy and that genotype does not play a role in adjustment of drug dose administered. Additionally, gene–gene interactions may increase the risk of relapse in childhood ALL and the clique method may have utility in further exploring these interactions. childhood ALL therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 695–700. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of thermal aging on morphology, resistivity, and thermal properties of extruded high‐density polyethylene/carbon black heating elements
Authors: Seob Jong Young , Han Sien‐Ho , Park Eun‐Soo
Published: May 2011

Various output heating elements were extruded with carbon black (CB)‐filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. After thermal aging near melting point of HDPE, the effects of thermal aging on the morphology, resistivity, and thermal properties of the extruded and electron beam (EB)‐irradiated heating elements were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) megohmmeter and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The heating element was insulated with a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wrap. The SEM image of HDPE is covered with microvoids that leave a dimple‐like structure on the surface. As the percolation threshold is achieved, CB aggregates are usually located in oval cavities larger than the particles themselves. During the resistivity–temperature cycling test, significant change in resistivity was observed for extruded and EB‐irradiated heaters. In case of thermal‐aged samples at 140°C for 120 h, both heaters showed good stability without pronounced changes in resistivity after resistivity–temperature cycling test. After thermal aged at 140°C for 120 h, the Heater02‐EB composite recovered the oval cavity structure, whereas for Heater02, the amorphous region became narrower and formed a more electroconductive pathway. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Comparison of Headspace Solid‐phase Microextraction and Classic Hydrodistillation for the Identification of Volatile Constituents from Thapsia spp. Provides Insights into Guaianolide Biosynthesis in Apiaceae
Authors: Drew Damian Paul , Rasmussen Søren K. , Avato Pinarosa , Simonsen Henrik Toft
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Thapsia spp. (Apiaceae) are the major natural source of polyoxygenated guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones known as thapsigargins, which induce apoptosis in mammalian cells via a high affinity inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. The mechanism of biosynthesis of thapsigargins has not been elucidated, and probable biochemical precursors such as hydrocarbon or oxygenated sesquiterpenes have not been identified in previous phytochemical analyses of essential oils from this genus.

Objective

To investigate the utility of solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME), when compared with classical essential oil distillates, for identifying potential precursors of guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Thapsia garganica L. and Thapsia villosa L. type II.

Methodology

A systematic description of the volatile components of roots, flowers, stems and fruits of T. villosa and of root, flower and fruits of T. garganica was constructed via GC‐MS analyses of SPME‐adsorbed compounds and of essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation of the same tissues.

Results

The sesquiterpenoids δ‐cadinene, α‐ and δ‐guaiene, elemol and guaiols were found to be major volatile constituents of the roots of T. garganica and T. villosa trapped using SPME. In contrast, these sesquiterpenoids were not detected or were at negligible levels in essential oils, where sesquiterpenoids are potentially converted to azulenes during hydrodistillation.

Conclusion

The new data reported in this study demonstrates that SPME is a valuable tool for the identification of volatile sesquiterpenes when compared with analysis of essential oils, and we postulate that guaiene is the likely precursor of guaianolide sesquiterpenes from Thapsia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: a nationwide case‐crossover study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Chen Hsi‐Chieh , Lin Jou‐Wei , Kuo Chuei‐Wen , Shau Wen‐Yi , Lai Mei‐Shu
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the risks of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events across a variety of oral and parenteral coxibs and nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) in the general population of Taiwan.

Methods

In a case‐crossover study, all patients aged ≥20 years who were hospitalized for upper GI adverse events (peptic ulcer and bleeding; gastritis and duodenitis) in 2006 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes from inpatient claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. For each patient, the case period was defined as 1–30 days and the control period as 31–60 days before the date of hospitalization. Outpatient pharmacy prescription database was searched for individual NSAID use during the case and control periods. A conditional logistic regression model was applied, and adjusted self‐matched odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.

Results

A total of 40 635 patients hospitalized for upper GI adverse events were included. The adjusted OR was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.27–1.82) for celecoxib and 2.56 (95%CI: 2.44–2.69) for oral nsNSAIDs. The ORs were above 2 for oral piroxicam, diclofenac, ketorolac, ketoprofen, acemetacin, and naproxen and were around 1.5 for tiaprofenic acid, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen. Higher risks were evident for parenteral NSAIDs, in particular ketorolac with an OR of 5.76 (95%CI: 5.14–6.44).

Conclusion

Use of celecoxib and all nsNSAIDs studied was associated with a greater risk of upper GI toxicity as compared with nonuse. Parenteral NSAIDs posed a higher risk, but celecoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid posed a lower risk than other NSAIDs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature and structure of psychological distress in people at high risk for melanoma: a factor analytic study
Authors: Kasparian Nadine A. , Sansom‐Daly Ursula , McDonald Roderick P. , Meiser Bettina , Butow Phyllis N. , Mann Graham J.
Published: May 2011

Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of two commonly used measures of psychological distress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) in a sample of individuals at high risk of developing melanoma due to strong family history.

Methods: One hundred thirty‐two individuals with a known family‐specific CDKN2A mutation (74% response rate) completed a mailed, self‐administered questionnaire including the HADS and the IES. Initial correlational analyses were followed by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, according to a predetermined procedure for order of analyses.

Results: Exploratory factor analyses found that neither a two‐, three‐ or four‐factor solution satisfactorily accounted for all IES items in the present sample. By contrast, a unidimensional account of the data emerged to best account for all IES items, leaving no items unaccounted for. In contrast, the traditional two‐factor (anxiety and depression) structure of the HADS appeared to fit the data well.

Conclusions: The traditional, two‐factor (intrusion and avoidance) structure of the IES was not borne out within this familial melanoma cohort. Assessment of a single dimension of emotional distress in response to melanoma risk may facilitate more meaningful explorations of psychological adjustment in this context. These findings also raise questions about whether a post‐traumatic stress framework is indeed the most appropriate framework to capture the unique nature of melanoma‐ or cancer‐related distress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelled Fuel Simulant Droplet Impact onto a Solid Surface
Authors: Rahimi Shai , Weihs Daniel
Published: May 2011

The dynamics of the impact process of a non‐Newtonian gelled fuel simulant droplet was studied experimentally. A comparison between the impact process of the gel simulant and that of a neat Newtonian fluid reveals a similar behaviour during the kinematic phase of the droplet impact. However, significant differences, both quantitatively and qualitatively, between the investigated fluids were found during the later spreading, relaxation and equilibrium phases of the impact process.

Numerical simulations for the neat Newtonian fluid were found to accurately predict the centreline height during the kinematic phase for both of the fluids.

A novel dynamic model for drop shape based on elastic spring and dashpot elements using the Bessel function to describe the periodic term is presented. Very good agreement of the dynamic model with the experimental data was obtained.
Comparison between Material Parameters of Polyethylene Grades and the Test Performance Behaviour of Packaging for the Transport of Dangerous Goods
Authors: Weltschev Margit
Published: May 2011

For the characterization and the comparison of polyethylene grades used for the manufacture of packaging and intermediate bulk container, the following parameters are required: melt flow rate (MFR), density (D), low‐temperature notched impact strength, full notch creep test (FNCT) and increase of MFR by molecular degradation (resistance to oxidative degradation). The relationship between these material parameters determined on the basis of specimens prepared from compression‐moulded sheets of polyethylene grades and the test behaviour of packaging has been investigated in several tests. The environmental stress crack resistance determined by FNCT represents the impacts from the stacking tests performed with standard liquid wetting solution (without pre‐storage) and with normal butyl‐acetate‐saturated wetting solution (pre‐storage with normal butyl acetate). Resistance to molecular degradation by the determination of MFR increase is related to the impacts in drop tests and stacking tests performed after pre‐storage for 21 days with standard liquid 55% nitric acid at 40°C. The low‐temperature impact strength is directly comparable with the impacts in drop tests at −18°C performed without pre‐storage and after pre‐storage with 55% nitric acid. A partly good relationship was found between the test results and the material parameters. Conditioning the design types with 55% nitric acid for 21 days causes an increase in the marginal drop heights of the design types in drop tests at −18°C when compared with design types without pre‐storage. Post‐cross‐linking of the grades increases stiffness because of the acidic influence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to network‐based H∞ control for stochastic systems
Authors: Zhou Qi , Shi Peng
Published: May 2011

This paper deals with the problem of network‐based H∞ control for a class of uncertain stochastic systems with both network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. The networked control system under consideration is represented by a stochastic model, which consists of two successive delay components in the state. The uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and norm bounded. Sufficient conditions for the existence of H∞ controller are proposed to ensure exponentially stable in mean square of the closed‐loop system that also satisfies a prescribed performance. The conditions are expressed in the frame of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be verified easily by means of standard software. Two practical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data‐based monitoring and reconfiguration of a distributed model predictive control system
Authors: Chilin David , Liu Jinfeng , Davis James F. , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: May 2011

In this work, we develop a data‐based monitoring and reconfiguration system for a distributed model predictive control system in the presence of control actuator faults. Specifically, we first design fault detection filters and filter residuals, which are computed via exponentially weighted moving average, to effectively detect faults. Then, we propose a fault isolation approach that uses adaptive fault isolation time windows whose length depends on the rate of change of the fault residuals to quickly and accurately isolate actuator faults. Simultaneously, we estimate the magnitudes of the faults using a least‐squares method and based on the estimated fault values, we design appropriate control system reconfiguration (fault‐tolerant control) strategies to handle the actuator faults and maintain the closed‐loop system state within a desired operating region. A nonlinear chemical process example is used to demonstrate the approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Globalizing students acting for the common good
Authors: Bencze Larry , Carter Lyn
Published: May 2011

It is apparent that many of us live in a hyper‐economized world, in which personal identities and routine practices are significantly oriented towards production and consumption of for‐profit goods and services. Extreme consumerism resulting from this orientation often is associated with many personal, social, and environmental problems. Implicated as an agent, among many, in this problematic hyper‐economized process is science education. Briefly, our literature reviews suggest that, under influences from apparently hegemonic forces of neoconservatism and neoliberalism, school science often functions to generateknowledge producers, including engineers, scientists and other theoretical workers—who, in turn, may develop and manage mechanisms of production of goods and services on behalf of global economic elite. At the same time, it also is apparent that school science generates a large class of citizens who are prepared, essentially, to serve asconsumers—both in terms of faithfully following labor instructions from the aforementioned knowledge producers (who may be accountable mainly to their financiers) and also enthusiastically engaging in repeating cycles of consumption of goods and services. Such a use of education seems undemocratic, at the very least, and highly problematic, assuming an association between school science and many personal, social, and environmental problems. To perhaps bring about a more just and sustainable world, we offer a theoretical framework, along with a more pragmatic version of it, for organizing science and technology education in many contexts. Although based on principles likeholism,altruism,realism,egalitarianism, anddualismthat we suggest may help school science generate a citizenry willing and able to proactively contribute to the common good, we also urge readers to use it as a basis for further research and development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 648–669, 2011