bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 9 IOL power calculation formulas using a heteroscedastic statistical method and a new method of IOL constant optimization
Authors: Romero-Valero Daniel , Cárceles Alicia , Alió Jorge L , Monera Lucas Carlos E. , Moya Martínez Alejandro , Martínez-Toldos Jose Juan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the prediction accuracy of 9 IOL power calculation formulas using a heteroscedastic statistical analysis and a novel method for IOL constant optimization.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

The LenStar LS900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) was used for the preoperative biometry. The predicted SE refraction of the implanted IOL were calculated for: Barrett Universal II, EVO-2.0, Hill RBF-3.0, Hill-RBF 2.0, Kane, PEARL-DGS, SRK-T, Hoffer-Q and Holladay-1. IOL constants were optimized prior to the analysis. A heteroscedastic statistical method was used to compare the standard deviation (SD) of prediction errors (PE).

Results

Two hundred seventy-eight eyes of 278 patients were included. The SD of the Kane was 0.4214D and was the lowest in this database. The SD of the PE of the Kane and EVO 2.0 were significantly lower than the SRK-T, Holladay 1, and Hoffer-Q. The SD of the PE of the PEARL formula was significantly lower than the SRK-T and Hoffer-Q. The SD of the PE of the Hill-RBF 3.0 was not significantly different to the Hill-RBF 2.0, Kane, EVO 2.0, Barrett Universal II and PEARL. No significant difference was found between the SD of the PE of the new generation formulas analysed.

Conclusions

the lowest SD of the prediction error was provided by Kane, followed by EVO 2.0 and PERL-DGS formulas. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the SD of the PE of new generation formulas. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the accuracy of these formulas in extreme eyes.
Smartphone applications for remote patient monitoring reduces clinic utilization after full-endoscopic spine surgery
Authors: Leyendecker Jannik , Prasse Tobias , Bieler Eliana , Yap Natalie , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan , Hofstetter Christoph P. ,   Members of the Endoscopic Spine Research Group (ESRG)
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The rising number of outpatient spine surgeries creates challenges in postoperative management and care. Telemedicine offers a unique opportunity to reduce in-person clinic visits and improve resource allocation. We aimed to investigate the impact of a validated smartphone application on clinic utilization following full-endoscopic spine surgery (FESS).

Methods

We evaluated patients undergoing FESS from 2020 to 2022 and a pre-COVID control group (CG) from 2018 to 2019. Subsequently, we divided the patients into three groups: one using the application (intervention group, IG), and two CGs (2020–2022, CG and 2018–2019, historical control group (HG)). We analyzed the post-surgical hospitalization rate, all follow-ups, and virtually transmitted patient-reported outcomes.

Results

A total of 115 patients were included in the IG. The CG consisted of 137 and the HG of 202 patients (CG and HG in the following). Group homogeneity was satisfactory regarding patient age ( p = 0.9), sex ( p  = 0.88), and body mass index ( p  = 0.99). IG patients were treated as outpatients significantly more often [14.78% vs. 29.2% vs. 37.62% ( p  < 0.001)]. Additionally, IG patients showed significantly higher follow-up compliance [74.78% vs. 40.14% vs. 37.13% ( p  < 0.001)] 3-month post-surgery and fewer in-patient follow-up visits [(0.5 ± 0.85 vs. 1.32 ± 0.8 vs. 1.33 ± 0.7 ( p  < 0.001)].

Conclusion

Our results underline the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of remote patient monitoring following FESS. Furthermore, they highlight the opportunity to implement a virtual wound checkup, and to substantially improve postoperative follow-up compliance via telemedicine.
Factor analysis and risk assessment of indoor environmental parameters and TSV in fitness centres under different zones, exercise intensities and times
Authors: Cui Yongbo , Fan Chengliang , Zhou Xiaoqing , Li Li
Published: February 2024

Maintaining regular physical exercise is essential for maintaining good health. In China, fitness centres are thriving, and the cleanliness of the exercise environment has become increasingly important. This study investigated the thermal response and indoor air environment of fitness personnel in various areas of a fitness centre using subjective evaluation and on-site air environment measurements. The findings revealed that the indoor air environment in different exercise areas of the fitness centre varied spatially, which can lead to discomfort amongst fitness personnel during exercise. Overall, the thermal sensation in different areas of the fitness centre was found consistently too hot. Temperature and humidity have the greatest impact on the thermal sensation of individuals in different areas, while indoor air pollutants have a minimal effect. The intensity and duration of exercise can also influence the body’s heat sensation and pollutant inhalation dose. The body’s heat balance mechanism can affect subjective evaluations. This study proposes three strategies for optimizing the indoor environment of fitness centres through principal component analysis. This paper provides data and a methodological framework for the development of specifications supporting the design, operation and management of the environment in fitness centres.
Structure analysis of depsides, dibenzofuran and sugar derivatives from Cladia aggregata (SW) Nyl using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rawat Priyanka , Shyaula Sajan Lal , Singh Yatendra , Kanojiya Sanjeev
Published: February 2024

Cladia aggregate (SW) Nyl is a lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae producing characteristic secondary metabolites of interest. There are only limited chemical studies relating to the genus Cladia. A chemical study of the lichen C. aggregata was conducted and their chemical constituents were elucidated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization/triple-quadrupole tandem-mass spectrometry analysis. It is the first time report of structure analysis of its metabolite by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The molecular masses for 20 compounds were detected from different fractions. Seven compounds were elucidated with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern analysis. Barbatic acid (12) was identified as the major compound being common to all fractions. The identified compounds belong to depsides (2, 11, 12 and 20), dibenzofurans (13, 18) and sugar derivatives (1) which are usually distributed in lichens.
The Ratio Between the Infrarenal and Suprarenal Aortic Diameter Is a Predictor of Durable Proximal Seal After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Jan Boer Gert , Bekken Joost A. , Kuijper Tjallingius M. , Vroegindeweij Dammis , Fioole Bram
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess whether the ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the suprarenal aortic diameter is a predictor for a durable proximal seal after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods:

A total of 439 patients who underwent elective EVAR between 2004 and 2018 in a single vascular referral center met our inclusion criteria. Ratios were calculated by dividing the mean infrarenal neck diameter by 4 different suprarenal aortic diameters. Patients who developed a late type 1A endoleak (n=20) or proximal neck dilatation mandating revision (n=8) were compared with the 411 patients without long-term proximal seal complications.

Results:

Patients who developed a late type 1A endoleak had more frequently hypertension, a shorter infrarenal neck length, and a larger mean infrarenal neck diameter. The ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to all 4 suprarenal aortic diameters was higher in the late type 1A endoleak group compared with the group without a late type 1A endoleak. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression identified a combination of 6 variables as the best combination to predict a late type 1A endoleak: presence of hypertension, increased mean infrarenal neck diameter, decreased aneurysm neck length, larger ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the aortic diameter proximal to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), larger ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the aortic diameter proximal to the upper renal artery, and increased β-angle. Of these, based on both the univariate area under the curve (AUC) and optimal LASSO model restricted to a single predictor, the ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the aortic diameter proximal to the SMA (AUC, 0.770; cutoff value, 0.997) was considered the best prognostic variable.

Conclusion:

The ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the aortic diameter proximal to the SMA is a good predictor for a late type 1A endoleak. Patients with mean infrarenal neck diameter larger than the diameter proximal to the SMA (ratio >1) are at risk for a late type 1A endoleak.

Clinical Impact

In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, we found that the ratio of the mean infrarenal neck diameter to the aortic diameter proximal to the SMA is a good predictor for a late type 1A endoleak. We conclude that the suprarenal diameter must be taken into account before assessing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair eligibility. Patients with a ratio >1 may not be the best candidates for a durable result after EVAR and may be better off with fenestrated EVAR or open repair.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Renters’ Experiences with Maintenance Delays in the United States
Authors: Schmidt Steven
Published: February 2024

Structural racism and individual discrimination contribute to racial inequalities in poor housing conditions in the United States. Less is known about whether and how structural racism and individual discrimination shape a parallel, but distinct, process that is also consequential for family wellbeing: experiencing housing unit maintenance delays. Maintenance delays transform acute problems into chronic stressors and increase exposure to physical hazards over time. Using the 2013 American Housing Survey, I examine racial/ethnic disparities in maintenance delays across non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian/Alaska Native renters. Given that 2.3 million low-income households rent using Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), a federal housing assistance program with requirements around repair timing, I also examine how renting with a voucher shapes maintenance delays. There are three principal findings. First, White renters are more likely to report timely repairs than either Black or Hispanic renters. Second, for Black renters, both structural racism experienced in rental markets and individual discrimination drive this disparity, whereas Hispanic renters’ diverging maintenance experiences are largely explained by pathways impacted by structural racism. Third, renting with an HCV is not associated with repair timeliness for any racial/ethnic group. Taken together, the findings suggest that racial/ethnic disparities in substandard housing emerge not only through unequal exposure to housing quality problems but also through unequal responses to these issues.
Lost in the Woods: Spatially Miscomputing Dendritic Trees
Authors: Lillis Kyle P.
Published: February 2024

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Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Intention and Uptake Among US Hispanic Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fernandez-Pineda Madeline , Melendez Carlos R. , Fernandez Melanie , Cianelli Rosina , Roman Jessica , Villegas Natalia , Matsuda Yui , Montano Nilda Peragallo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This study explored the influence of the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (HPVV) intentions and uptake among Hispanic parents in South Florida for their children aged 9–21. Method: A descriptive exploratory analysis was conducted using 39 surveys completed by Hispanic parents. These surveys encompassed demographic data and questions about HPVV uptake, intention, attitudes, subjective norms, knowledge, self-efficacy, and awareness. Results: Most participants were uninsured (77%), unemployed (59%), and had low Americanism acculturation (74%). A little over half were aware of the HPVV (54%), yet most had high positive HPVV attitudes (95%) and self-efficacy (85%). HPVV intentions within the year were also high (82%); however, HPVV uptake (45%) and HPVV knowledge (40%) were low at the time of the study. Most parents reported physicians (72%) and nurses/nurse practitioners (59%) as the most influential individuals in their decision-making. A statistically significant relationship between HPVV intention and HPVV attitude (X_Wald^2 (1) = 5.71, p = 0.02., OR = 5.11) and between HPVV uptake and HPVV awareness (X_Wald^2 (1) = 4.63, p = 0.03., OR = 12) were observed. Conclusion: This study recommends further research and targeted interventions to improve HPVV awareness among Hispanic communities. The participants’ highly positive attitudes and self-efficacy provide a hopeful outlook for future vaccination efforts within this demographic.
Safety and Feasibility Evaluation of Automated User Profile Settings Initialization and Adaptation With Control-IQ Technology
Authors: Shah Viral N. , Akturk Halis K. , Trahan Alex , Piquette Nicole , Wheatcroft Alex , Schertz Elain , Carmello Karen , Mueller Lars , White Kirstin , Fu Larry , Sassan-Katchalski Ravid , Messer Laurel H. , Habif Steph , Constantin Alex , Pinsker Jordan E.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Optimization of automated insulin delivery (AID) settings is required to achieve desirable glycemic outcomes. We evaluated safety and efficacy of a computerized system to initialize and adjust insulin delivery settings for the t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ technology in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:

After a 2-week continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) run-in period, adults with T1D using multiple daily injections (MDI) (N = 33, mean age 36.1 years, 57.6% female, diabetes duration 19.7 years) were transitioned to 13 weeks of Control-IQ technology usage. A computerized algorithm generated recommendations for initial pump settings (basal rate, insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, and correction factor) and weekly follow-up settings to optimize glycemic outcomes. Physicians could override the automated settings changes for safety concerns.

Results:

Time in range 70 to 180 mg/dL improved from 45.7% during run-in to 69.1% during the last 30 days of Control-IQ use, a median improvement of 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.6-23.9, P < .001). This improvement was evident early in the study and was sustained over 13 weeks. Time <70 mg/dL showed a gradual decreasing trend over time. Percentage of participants achieving HbA1c <7% went from zero at baseline to 55% at study end ( P < .001). Only six of the 318 automated settings adaptations (1.9%) were overridden by study investigators.

Conclusions:

Computerized initiation and adaptation of Control-IQ technology settings from baseline MDI therapy was safe in adults with T1D. The use of this simplified system for onboarding and optimizing Control-IQ technology may be useful to increase uptake of AID and reduce staff and patient burden in clinical care.
When Leaders Self-Sacrifice in Times of Crisis: The Roles of Employee Emotional Suppression and Leader Coping Strategies
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Wen Xueqi , Liu Zihan , Gao Yixing Lisa , Madera Juan M.
Published: February 2024

While literature articulates the relevance of self-sacrificial leadership to crisis situations, little attention has been paid to employees’ attitudinal and behavioral responses to self-sacrificial leadership. This is a particularly salient gap in the scholarship, given the decisions leaders must make to address challenges in the hospitality industry (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this pair of field and experimental studies examines how individual differences in employee emotional suppression and leader coping strategy moderate the impacts of self-sacrificial leadership on employee perceptions of leader effectiveness. By sampling U.S. hospitality employees, the studies reveal that leaders who display self-sacrificial behaviors received more favorable ratings on leader effectiveness than others, an effect that is contingent on followers’ emotional suppression and leaders’ coping strategies. The perception of increased leader effectiveness in turn weakened employees’ intentions to engage in negative word-of-mouth toward their organizations.
Picky Eaters Make for Better Raters
Authors: Stoikov Sasha , Borzillo Stefano , Raub Steffen
Published: February 2024

It has been established in the literature that the number of ratings and the scores restaurants obtain on online rating systems (ORS) significantly impact their revenue. However, when a restaurant has a limited number of ratings, it may be challenging to predict its future performance. It may well be that ratings reveal more about the user who gave the rating than about the quality of the restaurant. This motivates us to segment users into “inflating raters,” who tend to give unusually high ratings, and “deflating raters,” who tend to give unusually low ratings, and compare the rankings generated by these two populations. Using a public dataset provided by Yelp, we find that deflating raters are better at predicting restaurants that will achieve a top rating (4.5 and above) in the future. As such, these deflating raters may have an important role in restaurant discovery.
Radiofrequency Denervation of the Spine and the Sacroiliac Joint: A Systematic Review based on the Grades of Recommendations, Assesment, Development, and Evaluation Approach Resulting in a German National Guideline
Authors: Klessinger Stephan , Casser Hans-Raimund , Gillner Sebastian , Koepp Holger , Kopf Andreas , Legat Martin , Meiler Katharina , Norda Heike , Schneider Markus , Scholz Matti , Slotty Phillipp J. , Tronnier Volker , Vazan Martin , Wiechert Karsten
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Systematic review of the literature and subsequent meta-analysis for the development of a new guideline.

Objectives

This manuscript summarizes the recommendations from a new clinical guideline published by the German Spine Society. It covers the current evidence on recommendations regarding the indication, test blocks and use of radiofrequency denervation. The guidelines aim is to improve patient care and efficiency of the procedure.

Methods

A multidisciplinary working group formulated recommendations based on the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.

Results

20 clinical questions were defined for guideline development, with 87.5% consensus achieved by committee members for one recommendation and 100% consensus for all other topics. Specific questions that were addressed included clinical history, examination and imaging, conservative treatment before injections, diagnostic blocks, the injected medications, the cut-off value in pain-reduction for a diagnostic block as well as the number of blocks, image guidance, the cannula trajectories, the lesion size, stimulation, repeat radiofrequency denervation, sedation, cessation or continuation of anticoagulants, the influence of metal hardware, and ways to mitigate complications.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency (RF) denervation of the spine and the SI joint may provide benefit to well-selected individuals. The recommendations of this guideline are based on very low to moderate quality of evidence as well as professional consensus. The guideline working groups recommend that research efforts in relation to all aspects of management of facet joint pain and SI joint pain should be intensified.
Taking it Like a Man! Reactions of Male Employees to Sexual Harassment in Workplaces
Authors: Adikaram Arosha S. , Weerakotuwa Subashini
Published: February 2024

This study investigates how heterosexual working males respond to sexual harassment they encounter at work in an Asian patriarchal culture that prescribes strict gender roles for men and women and supports heterosexual hegemonic masculinity. Using a qualitative research methodology, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 19 men who identified themselves as heterosexual. The findings indicate how the participants have responded to their experiences of sexual harassment, primarily through passivity and avoidance. In addition, on rare occasions, they have also engaged in resistance and reluctant acquiescence. These responses are largely shaped by cultural scripts and ideologies about masculinity and heterosexuality. By acting passively, the participants appear to attempt to preserve and conform to the gendered status quo, protect the perpetrators, avoid rocking the boat and prevent the tables from being turned on them. All in all, the reactions of males to sexual harassment demonstrate how masculinity is actively constructed and maintained in work settings. These findings, therefore, expand and contribute to the broader research area of sexual harassment of heterosexual men in general and, more specifically, to their reactions to sexual harassment in a cultural context that is rarely explored.
Danyel Reiche and Paul Michael Brannagan (eds.) (2022). Routledge Handbook of Sport in the Middle East
Authors: Kaluvilla Bincy Baburaj
Published: February 2024

The book offers a perfect analysis of the relationship between individuals in sports and the Middle Eastern area while focusing on a frequently understudied aspect of its culture and civilization. The main aim of this review is to explore the main ideas, assets, and potential weaknesses of the book. With an emphasis on historical developments, sociocultural contexts, and the political ramifications associated with sporting events in the Middle East, this extensive work offers a nuanced understanding of the relevance of sports. This review will analyze the book’s main ideas and determine how effective it is in illuminating this fascinating connection between sports and the Middle East.
They Were Here: A Study on High School Students’ Engagement in Historical Empathy With a Local History Research Project
Authors: Perrotta Katherine , Hochuli Caitlin , Hickson Jamilah , Williams Rachael
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explored how high school students’ participation in a local history research project about a historically Black cemetery in the Southeast United States contributed to their demonstration of historical empathy. Major findings show that students displayed historical empathy in research activities that occur beyond the traditional classroom through their examination of perspectives concerning representations of race and diversity in the social studies curriculum, the historical contexts about the impact of enslavement and Jim Crow segregation in their community, and affective connections they made to their identities as citizens. We recommend that future studies focus on how social studies teachers, community organizations, and other educational providers can collaborate to promote historical empathy in and outside of schools with equity frameworks and curricular initiatives such as the National Council for the Social Studies College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework.
Effectiveness of an Integrative Empowerment Intervention for Families on Caring and Prevention of Relapse in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Iswanti Dwi Indah , Nursalam Nursalam , Fitryasari Rizki , Sarfika Rika , Saifudin I Made Moh. Yanuar
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Patients with schizophrenia require extended treatment and recovery, leaving their families and support systems feeling helpless. Integrative empowerment is a strategy that utilizes outside-in and inside-out empowerment to increase the ability of families to care for their loved ones and prevent relapse.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the impact of integrative empowerment intervention on enhancing the family's ability to care for and prevent relapse in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

The study employed a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The research sample was comprised of 70 individuals from nuclear families residing in Semarang, all of whom were responsible for the care of individuals with schizophrenia. The participants were divided into two groups: the treatment group, consisting of 35 individuals, and the control group, also comprising 35 individuals. Participant selection was carried out using purposive sampling. Module and booklet were produced as an intervention tools. The integrative empowerment intervention program spanned a period of 5 weeks, involving one session per week, each lasting approximately 60–90 min. Data analysis was conducted through the utilization of the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The significance level for the study was set at p<.05.

Results

There was a significant change in the family's ability to care for patients with schizophrenia before and after the integrative empowerment intervention ( p<.001), while there was no change in the control group's ability to care for patients with schizophrenia ( p>.05). Integrative empowerment had a significant impact on increasing the family's ability to care for and prevent relapse in patients with schizophrenia ( p<.001).

Conclusions

Nurses can help families strengthen their positive caregiving experiences through the home visit program by utilizing integrative empowerment. This study's findings highlight the importance of integrative empowerment in enhancing the family's ability to care for and prevent relapse in patients with schizophrenia.
Understanding the Procedural Skills Needed in Rural Pediatric Practices: A Survey of Rural Pediatric Providers in the State of New Mexico
Authors: Chow Christal P. , Hill Deirdre A. , Dehority Walter , Greene E. Anne
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES

There is little data evaluating procedural skills in current rural pediatric practices. In order to prepare a cadre of pediatricians to work in rural settings, we require an understanding of the unique procedural skills needed by rural pediatric providers. Our objective was to determine how often pediatricians performed various procedural skills, determine the importance of these skills to current practice, and how they differ between rural and urban pediatric providers.

METHODS

A survey evaluating pediatrician utilization of the 13 required Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education procedural skills in current practice was developed and distributed to pediatric providers in New Mexico. Descriptive statistics were used to profile participants and describe survey responses. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences by urban setting or IHS. Fisher’s exact test was employed to assess differences if cell sizes were less than five. All p-values were two sided with alpha=.05. Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to control for type 1 errors.

RESULTS

Fifty-two of 216 pediatric providers responded. The majority surveyed performed each of the 13 procedures less than monthly but competency in many of these procedures is important. Thirty-two respondents submitted free-text responses recommending competence with tracheostomy changes, gastrostomy-tube changes/cares, and circumcision.

CONCLUSION

Majority of surveyed pediatricians performed the required procedures less than monthly but deemed several procedures to be important. Rural pediatricians recommended specific procedural skills needed in rural practice. All trainees receive procedural skills training. However, trainees interested in rural practice may need additional training in specific skills different than their non-rural counterparts.
Integrating ‘common good’ authenticity for sustainable human resource management reporting
Authors: Järlström Maria , Saru Essi , Viitasaari Maija , Akrivou Kleio
Published: February 2024

This study draws on arguments from common good theory to explore the sustainable human resource management (S-HRM) reporting. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to determine how to improve the common good authenticity of sustainability reporting in HRM. Our qualitative data consist of sustainability reports from the 40 most sustainable corporations from the Global 100 index. In the reporting data, we identified four HRM themes, and several aligned HRM practices, with measures that support common good values. Our research strengthens the connection between the common good values and CGHRM by comprehensively defining and explaining the common good values. By doing so, we emphasise the need for a humanistic-ethical orientation expressed by treating employees with respect and dignity. We also identify areas in which current reporting falls short, including the outside-in perspective of CGHRM.
Computational analysis on transient MHD free convection flow in a microchannel in presence of inclined magnetic field with Hall and ion slip current
Authors: Jha Basant K , Malgwi Peter B
Published: February 2024

The present analysis is concerned with the effect of magnetic field inclination on transient MHD flow of Newtonian viscous fluid in a vertical microchannel with the consideration of Hall and ion slip currents as well as induced magnetic field effects. Obtained dimensional partial differential equation are rendered dimensionless by employing suitable parameters and thereafter solved numerically in MATLAB. Relevant actions of parameters on different flow features are depicted explicitly and also using Tables for various applicable parameters. Analysis in this direction is relevant in many MHD controlled applications. Results obtained from the present analysis shows that at the early stages of time and in the simultaneous occurrence of inclined magnetic field as well as Hall and ion slip currents, velocity and induced magnetic field behavior are found to be oscillatory all through the microchannel domain.
An exploration of analytical tools to conduct a realist synthesis and demonstrate programme theory development: An example from a realist review
Authors: Peters Louisa Anne
Published: February 2024

Introduction

A realist literature review involves iterative processes, with searches, appraisal and synthesis occurring simultaneously. Whilst this lends itself to theory development, the synthesis process often lacks transparency. This has led to unanticipated challenges for novice realist researchers, particularly PhD candidates.

Methods

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the realist methodological knowledge base by outlining the analytical tools of coding, consolidating and conceptual mapping used within a realist review. Specifically, how these techniques aid the synthesis process and demonstrate the development of valid and evidence informed programme theories.

Results

A worked example is provided to illustrate how; (i) coding techniques using realist logic can evidence a rigorous synthesis process; (ii) the use of consolidating techniques facilitates data management and aids theory development; and (iii) conceptual mapping demonstrates programme theory development.

Conclusions

Recommendations for novice realist researchers include defining and documenting the analytical tools for conducting a rigorous realist synthesis to provide transparency about how valid programme theories were developed. Plus, theory development checks can be built into the structure of the review process.
Integrating a Community Advisory Board Into a Pragmatic Trial of Mindfulness for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Morone Natalia E. , Harr Elondra D. , Baez Jose E. , Rodriguez Ruth D. , Lawrence Suzanne M. , Barnhill Jessica L. , Roth Isabel
Published: February 2024

Background

To improve the implementation of clinical trial interventions, there is a need to facilitate communication between key stakeholders and research teams. Community Advisory Boards (CAB) bring together a range of stakeholders not historically included in the research process to inform and work collaboratively with research teams.

Objective

To describe our procedures and processes for (1) integration of a CAB into a pragmatic clinical trial of a telehealth-delivered group mindfulness program for persons with chronic low back pain (cLBP) within primary care, and (2) for the rapid uptake and implementation of CAB recommendations.

Methods

The CAB we convened includes persons with cLBP who have undergone the mindfulness intervention, health care system leadership, advocacy groups, and mindfulness experts. The CAB members underwent a two hour initial training that introduced the research process and the CAB’s role as research partners. The CAB met monthly for 1 hour. We used the Lighting Report method to summarize meetings and share feedback with the research team.

Results

The recommendations of the CAB during the first year they met were divided into recruitment, informed consent, and survey recommendations. The study website also was overhauled based on recommendations, including a more engaging first page with rotating images of nature and testimonials. The language on the website was edited to be more concise and participant-friendly. The CAB recommended talking points to discuss with participants during screening or informed consent about the benefits of participating in research.

Conclusion

We established a CAB that represented diverse perspectives, organizations, and experience with cLBP and mindfulness. The differing perspectives of the CAB resulted in recommendations that the research team itself would not have decided on their own. The Lightning Reports were also an effective way to efficiently communicate the CAB recommendations to the research team.
Porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres alleviate diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting excess lipid peroxidation and inflammation
Authors: Niu Tian , Shi Xin , Liu Xijian , Wang Haiyan , Liu Kun , Xu Yupeng
Published: February 2024

Background

Lipid peroxidation is a characteristic metabolic manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) that causes inflammation, eventually leading to severe retinal vascular abnormalities. Selenium (Se) can directly or indirectly scavenge intracellular free radicals. Due to the narrow distinction between Se’s effective and toxic doses, porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres have been developed to control the release of Se. They exert strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods

The effect of anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory effects of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres on diabetic mice were assessed by detecting the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL) -1β of the retina. To further examine the protective effect of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres on the retinal vasculopathy of diabetic mice, retinal acellular capillary, the expression of tight junction proteins, and blood–retinal barrier destruction was observed. Finally, we validated the GPX4 as the target of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres via decreased expression of GPX4 and detected the level of MDA, GSH/GSSG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL -1β, wound healing assay, and tube formation in high glucose (HG) cultured Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs).

Results

The porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced the level of MDA, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL -1β, while increasing the level of GPX4 and GSH/GSSG in diabetic mice. Therefore, porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced the number of retinal acellular capillaries, depletion of tight junction proteins, and vascular leakage in diabetic mice. Further, we identified GPX4 as the target of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres as GPX4 inhibition reduced the repression effect of anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects of endothelial cell dysfunction of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres in HG-cultured HRMECs.

Conclusion

Porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres effectively attenuated retinal vasculopathy in diabetic mice via inhibiting excess lipid peroxidation and inflammation by target GPX4, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for DR.
MAC-ErrorReads: machine learning-assisted classifier for filtering erroneous NGS reads
Authors: Sami Amira , El-Metwally Sara , Rashad M. Z.
Published: February 2024

Background

The rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) machines in terms of speed and affordability has led to the generation of a massive amount of biological data at the expense of data quality as errors become more prevalent. This introduces the need to utilize different approaches to detect and filtrate errors, and data quality assurance is moved from the hardware space to the software preprocessing stages.

Results

We introduce MAC-ErrorReads, a novelMachine learning-AssistedClassifier designed for filteringErroneous NGSReads. MAC-ErrorReads transforms the erroneous NGS read filtration process into a robust binary classification task, employing five supervised machine learning algorithms. These models are trained on features extracted through the computation of Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF_IDF) values from various datasets such asE. coli, GAGES. aureus,H. Chr14,Arabidopsis thaliana Chr1andMetriaclima zebra. Notably, Naive Bayes demonstrated robust performance across various datasets, displaying high accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, MCC, and ROC values. The MAC-ErrorReads NB model accurately classifiedS. aureusreads, surpassing most error correction tools with a 38.69% alignment rate. ForH. Chr14, tools like Lighter, Karect, CARE, Pollux, and MAC-ErrorReads showed rates above 99%. BFC and RECKONER exceeded 98%, while Fiona had 95.78%. For theArabidopsis thaliana Chr1, Pollux, Karect, RECKONER, and MAC-ErrorReads demonstrated good alignment rates of 92.62%, 91.80%, 91.78%, and 90.87%, respectively. For theMetriaclima zebra, Pollux achieved a high alignment rate of 91.23%, despite having the lowest number of mapped reads. MAC-ErrorReads, Karect, and RECKONER demonstrated good alignment rates of 83.76%, 83.71%, and 83.67%, respectively, while also producing reasonable numbers of mapped reads to the reference genome.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that machine learning approaches for filtering NGS reads effectively identify and retain the most accurate reads, significantly enhancing assembly quality and genomic coverage. The integration of genomics and artificial intelligence through machine learning algorithms holds promise for enhancing NGS data quality, advancing downstream data analysis accuracy, and opening new opportunities in genetics, genomics, and personalized medicine research.
Genomic prediction using machine learning: a comparison of the performance of regularized regression, ensemble, instance-based and deep learning methods on synthetic and empirical data
Authors: Lourenço Vanda M. , Ogutu Joseph O. , Rodrigues Rui A.P. , Posekany Alexandra , Piepho Hans-Peter
Published: February 2024

Background

The accurate prediction of genomic breeding values is central to genomic selection in both plant and animal breeding studies. Genomic prediction involves the use of thousands of molecular markers spanning the entire genome and therefore requires methods able to efficiently handle high dimensional data. Not surprisingly, machine learning methods are becoming widely advocated for and used in genomic prediction studies. These methods encompass different groups of supervised and unsupervised learning methods. Although several studies have compared the predictive performances of individual methods, studies comparing the predictive performance of different groups of methods are rare. However, such studies are crucial for identifying (i) groups of methods with superior genomic predictive performance and assessing (ii) the merits and demerits of such groups of methods relative to each other and to the established classical methods. Here, we comparatively evaluate the genomic predictive performance and informally assess the computational cost of several groups of supervised machine learning methods, specifically,regularized regressionmethods,deep,ensembleandinstance-basedlearning algorithms, using one simulated animal breeding dataset and three empirical maize breeding datasets obtained from a commercial breeding program.

Results

Our results show that the relative predictive performance and computational expense of the groups of machine learning methods depend upon both the data and target traits and that for classical regularized methods, increasing model complexity can incur huge computational costs but does not necessarily always improve predictive accuracy. Thus, despite their greater complexity and computational burden, neither the adaptive nor the group regularized methods clearly improved upon the results of their simple regularized counterparts. This rules out selection of one procedure among machine learning methods for routine use in genomic prediction. The results also show that, because of their competitive predictive performance, computational efficiency, simplicity and therefore relatively few tuning parameters, the classical linear mixed model and regularized regression methods are likely to remain strong contenders for genomic prediction.

Conclusions

The dependence of predictive performance and computational burden on target datasets and traits call for increasing investments in enhancing the computational efficiency of machine learning algorithms and computing resources.
Population structure and adaptability analysis of Schizothorax o’connori based on whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Gao Kuo , He Zhi , Xiong Jinxin , Chen Qiqi , Lai Bolin , Liu Fei , Chen Ping , Chen Mingqiang , Luo Wenjie , Huang Junjie , Ding Wenxiang , Wang Haochen , Pu Yong , Zheng Li , Jiao Yuanyuan , Zhang Mingwang , Tang Ziting , Yue Qingsong , Yang Deying , Yan Taiming
Published: February 2024

Background

Schizothorax o’connoriis an endemic fish distributed in the upper and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in China. It has experienced a fourth round of whole gene replication events and is a good model for exploring the genetic differentiation and environmental adaptability of fish in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has led to changes in the river system, thereby affecting gene exchange and population differentiation between fish populations. With the release of fish whole genome data, whole genome resequencing has been widely used in genetic evolutionary analysis and screening of selected genes in fish, which can better elucidate the genetic basis and molecular environmental adaptation mechanisms of fish. Therefore, our purpose of this study was to understand the population structure and adaptive characteristics ofS. o’connoriusing the whole-genome resequencing method.

Results

The results showed that 23,602,746 SNPs were identified from seven populations, mostly distributed on chromosomes 2 and 23. There was no significant genetic differentiation between the populations, and the genetic diversity was relatively low. However, the Zangga population could be separated from the Bomi, Linzhi, and Milin populations in the cluster analysis. Based on historical dynamics analysis of the population, the size of the ancestral population ofS. o’connoriwas affected by the late accelerated uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Fourth Glacial Age. The selected sites were mostly enriched in pathways related to DNA repair and energy metabolism.

Conclusion

Overall, the whole-genome resequencing analysis provides valuable insights into the population structure and adaptive characteristics ofS. o’connori. There was no obvious genetic differentiation at the genome level between theS. o’connoripopulations upstream and downstream of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The current distribution pattern and genetic diversity are influenced by the late accelerated uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Fourth Ice Age. The selected sites ofS. o’connoriare enriched in the energy metabolism and DNA repair pathways to adapt to the low temperature and strong ultraviolet radiation environment at high altitude.
Effect of ropivacaine, mepivacaine or the combination of ropivacaine and mepivacaine for epidural anaesthesia on the postoperative recovery in patients undergoing caesarean section: a randomized, prospective, double-blind study
Authors: Wang Muye , Liao Chen , Li Xiaocui , Chen Weiming , Li Yujie , Zhang Wei , Wang Shouping
Published: February 2024

Background

Anaesthetic methods and drugs with rapid onset, rapid recovery and better postoperative analgesia are more suitable for rapid recovery in obstetric anaesthesia. We formulated the following hypothesis: a combination of mepivacaine and ropivacaine could provide a longer analgesic effect and have more advantages in terms of rapid-recovery indicators.

Methods

A total of 180 pregnant women scheduled to undergo elective caesarean sections were randomly assigned to three surgical groups, which received 2% mepivacaine (Group M), 2% mepivacaine + 0.75% ropivacaine (Group MR) (Volume 1:1) or 0.75% ropivacaine (Group R) through an epidural catheter. The situation of postoperative analgesia and other indicators of rapid recovery were recorded.

Results

One hundred and fifty patients were included in the final analysis. Their demographic data were similar. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of Group MR and Group R were lower than Group M at 1 and 2 h after surgery both at rest and with movement (P < 0.05), and the time to first ambulation in Group MR (17.38 ± 2.06 h) and Group M (17.20 ± 2.09 h) was shorter than that in Group R (22.18 ± 1.74 h) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Application of 2% mepivacaine combined with 0.75% ropivacaine for epidural anaesthesia can provide longer postoperative analgesia and earlier ambulation, these effect may be more suitable than that of 2% mepivacaine or 0.75% ropivacaine alone for caesarean section.

Trial registration

This study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR 2300078288; date of registration: 04/12/2023).
Components of hospital personnel preparedness to evacuate patients in disasters: a systematic review
Authors: Moslehi Shandiz , Masbi Mohammad , Noori Nader , Taheri Fereshteh , Soleimanpour Samira , Narimani Sajjad
Published: February 2024

Background

During natural catastrophes, hospital staff members’ readiness for crisis management—particularly concerning patient evacuation and improving their safety—becomes paramount. This study aimed to identify the components contributing to hospital staff members’ preparedness to evacuate patients in an emergency.

Method

A systematic review was conducted by searching databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and grey literature through May 2023. Studies that offered unique qualitative or quantitative data regarding hospital personnel readiness to evacuate patients in an emergency were included. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to examine the extracted data points.

Results

In total, there were 274 scientific articles. The total number of unique studies decreased to 181 after removing duplicate articles. 28 papers that were deemed appropriate for additional study were found based on the titles and abstracts of these articles. Eighteen papers that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review after their entire texts were finally assessed. Hospital staff preparedness for patient evacuation was divided into four primary topics and nineteen sub-themes. The four primary themes that emerged were management, communication, individual issues, and training on the evacuation process.

Conclusion

The implementation of proper disaster evacuation training programs can be achieved by elevating the perceived sensitivity and protective motive of personnel and considering the personnel’s stages of change. Training hospital staff to properly evacuate patients during disasters is also significantly impacted by other factors, such as effective administration, leadership and prompt and efficient communication.