bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1992
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against PLH. The experiments were conducted on the 2nd and 3rd alfalfa harvests at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Forty small 40 ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replications. In the first experiment, PLH densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch diam insect beating net on 22 Jun. All treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 25 Jun. Alfalfa height at spraying was 4-6 inches. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 29 Jun and 2, 9, and 20 Jul (4, 7, 14, and 25 DAT). Sprays were applied in 26 gal of water per acre at 26 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 20 ft boom with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from a 75 ft2 swath taken from each plot on 22 Jul. Treatments in experiment 2 were similarly applied on 7 Aug. Leafhopper density was evaluated on 5 Aug before the foliar spray was applied. Sweep samples for leafhoppers were taken on 10, 13, 21, 27 Aug and 4 Sep (3, 6, 14, 20 and 28 DAT). Alfalfa yield was determined as in experiment 1 on 8 Sep.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1992
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. H.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of 1st generation European corn borer larvae. The test was planted in a lst-year corn field in the UK Spindletop Research Farm in Fayette County on 17 Apr as a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Individual plots consisted of 2 rows, 19 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. Counter 20 CR was applied as a T-band at planting, while M-Peril 5 G and Lorsban 15 G granules were applied in a band over the whorl stage corn using a Gandy applicator driven by electric motor and mounted on a high-clearance tractor. Liquid insecticides were applied using high-clearance tractor sprayer at 40 psi and 26 gal finished spray per acre, except for Penncap-M and TD-2328-01 which were applied with 16 gal finished spray pre acre. All insecticide applications, with the exception of Counter 20 CR were made on 11 Jun. Ten stalks per plot were destructively sampled and the number of European corn borers recorded on 18 Jun. Ten stalks were removed from each plot, split and the numbers of European corn borer tunnels recorded on 13-14 Jul. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means were compared to the control by LSD (SAS Institute).
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1992
Authors: Witkowski John F.
Published: March 2022

The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 31 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Single row plots were 16.6 m in length. Granular insecticides were applied with cone belt distributors mounted on a Halm Hi-boy. Application date was Jul 2. Three days prior to insecticide application 6 black headed ECB egg masses were infested in marked plants for later evaluation. On Jul 29, 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Efficacy of Selected Pyrethroids and Pyrethroid-Ov1Cide Combinations Against Bollworm and European Corn Borer in Southern North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted on 15 May in a Marlboro sandy loam soil in Laurinburg, NC. Recommended agronomic practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik used at planting for thrips. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates and 6-row (40 inch centers) x 45 ft plots with 10 ft alleys were utilized. Treatments were applied with a backpack CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gal/acre total volume at 50 psi with one TX-8 Spraying Systems® nozzle per row. Applications were made on 28 Jul, 4 and 7 Aug and 6 Sep. One hundred squares and bolls per treatment (25/plot) were inspected for damage and live ECB and BW larvae 72 h after the 2nd and 3rd applications. European corn borer main stem tunnels were counted on 100 plants per treatment (25/plot) on 31 Aug. A final 100-boll sample was taken on 22 Sep and inspected for ECB and BW damage. Yield were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 1-row John Deere mechanical harvester.
Apple, Pyrellin Ec vs European Red Mite, 1992
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Kilmer S. J. , Warren J. R.
Published: March 2022

Pyrellin, Pyrellin + Omite 30 W, Omite 30 W and water were applied as airblast treatments to five year old ‘Ace Red Delicious’ apple trees. The young trees in this planting, widely spaced for experimental purposes (6.1 meters X 7.32 meters), were not mature size and consequently each received only .5 gal (1.89 liters) of the concentrate spray mixture. Two applications of the treatments were applied with a truck mounted Swanson D400 airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/A (76.62 liters/ha) to mature semi-dwarf MM 106 trees. Treatments were applied 18 Jun and 5 Jul. A randomized block design was used in this four treatment, five replicate experiment. Counts were made following the Henderson-McBurnie procedure of mite brushing. The sample size was 20 leaves/replicate/sample date.
Apple, Effects of Insect Growth Regulators on Stethorus Punctum, 1992
Authors: Biddinger David J. , Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to 2 tree plots each consisting of a ‘Golden Delicious’ and a ‘Rome Beauty’ tree that were replicated 4 times. Treatments were blocked according to a precount of the ERM population on ‘Golden Delicious’ trees on 10 Jul. These trees were planted 24 x 30 ft apart and were 30 years old. Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a handgun to thoroughly wet the trees. Approximately 6 gals of spray were applied per tree (400 gal/A). All treatments were applied at 14 day intervals on 13 and 28 Jul, and 11 and 25 Aug. During the season, regular maintenance fungicides of Benlate, Captan, Penncozeb, Rubigan were applied to all plots. Maintenance insecticides were applied on 8 Jun for aphids (Swat 8EC 1 pt/100 gal) and on 24 Jun (Penncap-M 2F 1 pt/100 gal + Asana XL 0.66EC 0.5 oz/100 gal) for tufted apple budmoth control and to stimulate ERM populations. ERM populations were evaluated weekly by counting mites on 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment from the ‘Golden Delicious’ trees only. Effect of treatments on SP was evaluated on the ‘Golden Delicious’ trees by separate 3 min counts of adult, larval and pupal stages around the periphery of the tree. Only pupae that had not yet eclosed were counted. Pupal mortality was evaluated by bringing into the lab approximately 200 non-eclosed pupae from the ‘Rome Beauty’ trees of each treatment on 28 Aug. These pupae were checked for eclosion or mortality every 2-3 days for 10 days. Each pupa from each treatment, regardless of the collection tree, was considered a replicate for analysis.
Apple, Early Season Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1992
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Douglas, MI (‘C’ Block) at a rate of 100 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 airblast spray. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Application of materials was made as indicated in the table, on 16 Apr (dormant), 30 Apr (1/2 Green) and 12 May (pink). NTN 33893 2.5 G was applied with a shaker to the soil around the perimeter of the tree. Application rate was on a per tree basis. NTN 33893 5% RTU was applied with a 100 CC syringe to the trunk of the tree. The application rate was on a per tree basis. Dithane, Streptomycin, Captan, and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. At the evaluations on 14, 21 and 29 May, 4 and 11 Jun 100 terminals per replicate (400 per treatment) were randomly selected and rated for presence or absence of RAA. A leafhopper evaluation was made on 23 Jul by randomly selecting 50 terminals per tree (200 per treatment) and counting terminals infested with motile forms of PLH and WALH.
Pear, Agri-Mek Timing Evaluation, 1992
Authors: VanBuskirk Philip , Hilton Richard
Published: March 2022

The test orchard consisted of mature ‘Bosc’ pear trees planted on a 7.6 m by 7.6 m spacing. Treatments were applied; 14 Apr (petal fall), 5 May (1st cover), and 9 Jun (2nd cover) to four single tree replicates in a randomized block design. All applications were applied to runoff using an FMC Bean handgun sprayer operating at 300 psi. Additional sprays applied to the entire orchard during the trial were Imidan 50% WP 5.6 kg/ha applied 8 May, 2 Jun, and 2 Jul. Treatments were evaluated biweekly. Samples collected prior to 27 Apr consisted of fruiting spur leaves, and all other samples were made be collecting 15 leaves at random from the tree centers and 15 leaves from the middle of 15 terminal shoots. Arthropods were removed from leaves using a mite brushing machine and PP eggs and nymphs, and TSSM egg and post-egg stages counted with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
Acaricides Against Two Spotted Spider Mite in Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico, 1990
Authors: Garcia-Garcia D. , Guerrero-Rodriguez E. , Landeros-Flores J.
Published: March 2022

Materials were applied on 28 Mar on 4m furrow plots (20 plants); 7 acaricides in a randomized complete block design with an untreated furrow buffer strip around each plot. Acaricides were applied at a rate of 600 liter/ha, using a motorized sprayer 121 liter capacity. ‘Chandler’ strawberry variety was used when plants had 250 days post transplant under irrigation at El Valenciano ranch and there were no unusual conditions during the test, temperatures were generally warm without rain. There were 8 samples post treatment every 3 days. The number of mites were counted from 5 randomly chosen plants and 5 leaves/plant for each replication (100 leaflets/treatment). Natural populations of spider mites were high and reasonably well distributed. Data were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test, and by comparing pretreatment means with post-treatmenlt means using the Henderson and Tilton formula. The spider mite species present during the test was identified by mounting them on a glass slide for microscopic examination.
Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Broccoli, 1991
Authors: Rethwisch M.D. , McDaniel C.W. , Shaw M. , Theissen J.
Published: March 2022

Eleven insecticide treatments were applied to 2 leaf broccoli located near Yuma, AZ, on 13 Sep. Broccoli was double rowed on beds with 42 inch centers. Treatments were made with a back-pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 76.9 gal/acre at 35 psi with two T-Jet 8002VS nozzles with one nozzle over each row resulting in a very concentrated spray approximately 4 inches wide, Nozzles were angled to cause plants to bend over when treated, providing some leaf underside coverage. Water for all treatments was buffered with Buffer PS at 0.5%. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of 25 ft of bed. Populations of SPWF were high during this study with the underside of leaves almost grey with eggs when treatments were applied. Adult SPWF were present and migrating through the field.
Potato Leafhopper Efficacy Trials, 1976
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron
Published: March 2022

Thirty soybean plots (Var. Corsoy) were located 3 miles southwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 10 treatments. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting on May 20. Granular insecticides were applied with a 2- row John Deere 71 flex planter. Plants emerged June 1, were rotary hoed June 4, and cultivated June 22 and July 16. Plots were sampled (10-ft2/plot) with a D-Vac vacuum insect net (1-ft2 sampling core) on June 17 (17-days post-emergence, plants with 2 trifoliate leaves), June 30 (30-days post-emergence, 6 trifoliate leaves), July 15 (45-days post-emergence, beginning bloom) and August 3(63-days postemergence, pods beginning to form). Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers in the laboratory. Stand counts were taken and plants examined for visual signs of phytotoxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves and stunting of plants on June 17. Violent storms with heavy rain, wind and hail occurred on June 13, 2 days before the first sampling date.
Cankerworm Control in Shelterbelts, Walhalla, North Dakota, 1974 and 1975
Authors: Frye R. D. , McBride D. K.
Published: March 2022

Logistics dictated complete block tests with systematically arranged treatments in which a single application of each treatment was applied by aircraft across 6 belts.
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ALASKENSIS

CONTROL WITH DIMILIN ON WHITE SPRUCE, 1976
Authors: Valovage Walter D. , Lulman Herbert M.
Published: March 2022

On June 7 , branches on field trees of white spruce were sprayed to the drip point with 1 of 6 treatments; tap water (check), 0 . 2 5 , 2 . 5 , 25, 250, and 2500 ppm a . i . Dimilin W-25. There was a mixed population of ten 2nd and 3rd instar yellowheaded spruce larvae on each branch. Dacron mesh bags were placed over the branches to contain the larvae. Three replicate branches, each replicate branch on a different tree, were used for the Dimilin treatments and 6 replicate branches, each on a different tree, were used for checks. Mortality counts were taken 10 days after treatment., On June 8 , a second experiment was conducted using 3-year old potted white spruce trees. Each tree had a mixed population of 3rd and 4th instar larvae and was sprayed to the drip point with the same treatments as above. Again, 3 replicate trees were used for each Dimilin treatment, 6 replicate trees for checks, and a dacron mesh bag was placed over each tree to contain the larvae. Mortality counts were taken 11 days after treatment.
Fall Armyworm Control on Bermuda Grass, 1976
Authors: Karne Miles , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard G.
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted evaluating seven chemicals and one microbial agent. Each treatment consisted of 25' × 25' area replicated three times using a complete randomized block design. Each 25' × 25' treatment was separated by a 10' buffer zone. Treatments were applied using a John Bean sprayer 55, series L-1565-2 and a 785 John Bean SpraymasterR deluxe gun which delivered 16 gal/plot at 100 psi. Test 1 was treated on Aug 16 and test 2 on Aug 19. S. frugiperda control was determined by randomly examining 1 sq. ft . from four locations in each treatment. S. frugiperda larvae ranged from 3rd to 5th instar. A pretreatment count consisted of 15 samples of 1 sq ft each from the test area.
Evaluation of Insecticides To Control Honey Bees and The Greater Wax Moth
Authors: Lehnert Thor , Shimanuki H. , Cowley Bryant M.
Published: March 2022

Although the honey bee is a valuable pollinator and should be protected from pesticides, colonies must sometimes be destroyed because of infectious diseases. The greater wax moth causes considerable damage every year to stored combs. Also accidental introductions into the United Stares of the Africanized honey bee from South America may have to be eradicated. Tests were made in 71 -m3 trailers. Approximately 100 adult honey bees each in round 1-pt ice cream cartons that had the inner lids punched out and replaced with 25-mesh nylon netting were located in the center of the trailer. Bees were supplied with dry sugar cubes and a sponge with water before and after the test. Wax moth egg clusters (1-7 days old) were exposed similarly in 60-mm petri dishes. Insecticides were applied as aerosols or dusts. Aerosols were formulated with 50% Freon 11 and 50% Freon 12 and dispensed by an operator who walked the length of the trailer and moved the container from side to side. Actual dosage was determined by weighing the container before and after dispensing the aerosol. Dusts were prepared by dissolving technical material in methylene chloride to form a slurry with the carrier. Hi Sil 233, and evaporating the solvent. The formulations were preweighed and dispensed by CO2 gun by an operator standing at the entrance of the trailer. The average temperature during testing was 25° C.
Crotoxyphos/Pyrethrin/Repellent Spray Formulation For Equine House Fly and Stable Fly Control, 1976
Authors: Bay D. E. , White Sandy L.
Published: March 2022

Fifteen mature horses, averaging ca 272 kg, were randomly assigned to individually isolated untreated control, treated control and experimental groups, respectively. All animals were maintained on a commercial preparation of horse and mule feed containing ground corn, bran, alfalfa pellets, and molasses. Prairie hay and water were supplied adlibitum. Experimental animals were lightly sprayed at a rate of ca 60 ml/head with a 1:7 aqueous solution of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation consisting of 2.30% crotoxyphos (Ciodrin) i n secticide/ 1.20% pyrethrins and 2.40% piperonyl butoxide/40.00% butoxy polypropylene glycol (Stabilene fly repellent) and 4.00% pyrocide intermediates 5192 (Code SD 4294 5-11-12-1 ECH). Treated controls were also lightly sprayed at the rate of ca 60 ml/head with an undiluted solution of commercially available Super Swan fly repellent. House fly and stable counts were made on each animal 24 and 48 hr prior to treatment at ca 1:00 p.m. Treated horses were sprayed on August 13'76 at 9:00 a.m. Subsequent house fly and stable fly evaluations were conducted on each animal 1,3,6,24,48,72, and 96 hr posttreatment.
Apple Insect and Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to apple trees as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of ca 250 gal per acre in Test 1 and 350 gal per acre in Tests 2 and 3. The trees in Test 1 at Monmouth, Maine, were sprayed on May 25 (petal fall), June 3, 17, July 2, 14, 29, and August 13; and the trees in Tests 2 and 3 at Winthrop, Maine, were treated on May 30 (petal fall), June 5, 2 1 , July 6, 19, August 2 and 16. Each material was applied on all dates except as noted in Tables. The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (4 qt/100 gal) at half-inch green and Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 Mcintosh cultivars per treatment in Tests 1 and 3 and 1 Red Delicious, 2 Cortland, and 1 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On August 30, 3/4 box of apples was picked from each tree and ca 500-600 apples were examined per treatment on August 30-September 11 for external egg punctures (apple magot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Apples with maggot egg punctures were sliced to determine success of egg hatch and/or of maggot survival (success indicated by a larval penetration of more than 1/4 inch). European red mites were counted on 25 leaves per tree collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Except for apple maggot and plum curculio, no pest population exerted serious pressure. July and early August were unusually wet.
Minor Use Clearances and the Ir-4 Project
Authors: Guest R. T.
Published: March 2022

When considering the function of the IR-4 Project, it is useful to first review the organization of the project in order to better understand the state-federal interrelationships involved. Interregional Research Project No. 4, or the IR-4 Project, was established in 1963 as a national program to compile required data and other information in order to obtain tolerances and to assist in registering pesticide labels for so-called “minor” or “specialty” use agricultural commodities. The Project is approved by the Committee of Nine of the state agricultural experiment stations (SAES) and is funded through USDA-CSRS with federal appropriations. The Project is administered by a Technical Committee representing SAES and consistsof four administrative advisors, five technical advisors and several consultants representing i n dustry, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Project has been substantially enlarged in the past three years, a move necessitated as a result of the 1972 amendment to Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requiring registration of those minor or specialty use pesticides that were not explicitly indicated on the label or labelling package. There is now a professional staff of seven scientists at the Project headquarters at Rutgers University. These coordinators are assisted by one liaison representative in each state, 12 liaison representatives in USDA-ARS, and a leader laboratory consisting of a laboratory d i rector and regional coordinator in each region.
Citrus, D. Abbreviatus Control, Plymouth, Florida, 1976
Authors: Schroeder W. J. , Lyon D. J.
Published: March 2022

Each insecticide treatment was applied to 5 citrus trees (tree height ca 8 ft) by a hydraulic sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed to drip. Two hours after treatment, field-collected adult weevils were caged on sprayed trees, 5 weevils/cage. Weevil mortality counts were made after 1- and 3-day exposure. Additional cages were added at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days posttreatment when an insecticide demonstrated residual activity. Tests were conducted in September-October, the period of peak weevil activity.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliage Application of Insecticides, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N.
Published: March 2022

'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 foot rows on March 3, 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, handoperated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. A Root-Lowell rotary hand duster was utilized for the single dust. All treatments except Di-Syston were made on May 20, 27, June 7, 14 and 23, 1976. Only 2 sprays of Di-Syston were applied (each at 3 lb ai/acre); one on May 3 about 7 days after initial plant emergence and the other on June 14. The relative effectiveness of the various treatments was evaluated by counting the number of potato beetle larvae on 10 plants in each plot or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look very close to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of chewing but less than 10% of the leaves severely damaged; 3) Severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) Severe feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely injured; plants nearly defoliated; and Def. - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken July 7.
Potato Leafhopper Efficacy Trials on Alfalfa, 1976
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron
Published: March 2022

Two plots were located 3 miles west of Ames, Iowa on first-year alfalfa. Plots measured 200 ft by 200 ft, with a sampling area 50 ft by 50 ft located in the center. This area was subdivided in 4 quadrants, each being a sampling location. One of the large plots was treated with Supracide on June 26 using a Broyhill sprayer at a rate of 0.50 a.i./a. Liquid output was 20 gal/acre using Tee Jet 8003 nozzles. Each quadrant was randomly sampled (10 ft2/sampling location) with a D-Vac vacuum insect net on June 25 (pretreatment), June 27 (1-day post-treatment), June 29 (3-day post-treatment), July 2 (7-day post-treatment) and July 9 (14-day post-treatment). Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers in the laboratory. Plants were observed for phytotoxicity symptoms, viz., discoloration of leaves, on all sampling dates. Cutting of alfalfa occurred on June 7 and July 12.
Control of Corn Borers in Field Corn In Nebraska, 1976
Authors: Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to non-irrigated corn plots in Cedar County, Nebraska in June 1976. Granular insecticides were applied on June 26 with a specially modified Hagie Hi-boy with mounted granular applicators. Plots were 2 rows wide and 1,000 ft long with a single buffer row between treatments. Liquid insecticides were applied on June 28 with a specially designed back pack sprayer delivering 33 gals/acre at 3 mph and at 30 psi. Plots were 2 rows wide and 100 ft long, with a single buffer row between treatments. Experimental design in both tests was randomized complete block with three replications. On August 3 and 4, corn plants from each replication were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Furdan Versus Counter As A Planting Time Rootworm Insecticide in Cornfields Having A History of Furadan Usage, 1976
Authors: Witkowski J. F. , Mayo Z. B. , Keith D. L. , Miller T. P.
Published: March 2022

Planting time applications of Furadan and Counter insecticides were applied to cornfields for rootworm control at 12 locations in eastern Nebraska in 1976. All fields had a history of annual applications of Furadan for the 3+ years prior to 1976. In 1975, 6 of the fields (1-6) were judged by the authors to have unsatisfactory rootworm control. Insecticide treatments were applied over the row in a 7 inch band (incorporated by drag chains and a following rake) at 1.2 oz a.i./lOOO ft of row. Design was randomized complete block with 4 replications excepting locations 1 and 3, (3 rep). Location 4 (2 rep) and location 12 (8 rep).
Apple, Oystershell Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of ca. 350 gal/A. Spray dates were Jun 2 (petal fall) and 14 (first cover); each insecticide was applied on both dates. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) through Jul consisted of Phygon 50W (.25 lb) on 4 dates in late Apr and early May; captan 80W (1 to 1.25 lb) on 9 dates; Solubor (1 lb) on May 24 and Jun 1; Epsom salts (15 lb) on May 24, Jun 1, 7, and 19; Sevin 80W (5 oz) on Jun 15; Marlate 50W (3 lb) on Jun 19; and Imidan 50W (1 lb) on Jul 2, 18, and 30. There were no tank-mixtures of test insecticides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh (18-yr-old) and 2 Golden Delicious (29-yr-old) cultivars per treatment. On Jul 31 a count was made of all scales found on the 1979 vegetative growth of 10 terminals per tree; only those terminals which bore scales on 1978 growth were examined. European red mites were counted on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; the mites were counted the same day. Mite populations were not vigorous in this orchard until late Jul. Jun and Jul were hot and dry except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, and 17.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Chaudhari Narendra
Published: March 2022

A 2 year old stand of pure seeded alfalfa, 1 acre in size, was utilized for this study at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, New York. Small plots were established in the center of the 1 acre field in a randomized block design of 3 repli-cations (plot size 12 × 25 ft - 300 sq ft/plot). This design allowed untreated buffer crop completely around the outside of the treatment block. Insecticide treatments were applied on Jul 13'79 with a CO2 bottle sprayer using 1/2 gal bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment sweep net insect samplings were taken at 11 days on Jul 24'79 by using 10-180° sweep samples per plot. The degree of blotch mining on plant terminals was determined on Jul 25'79 by counting number of actual mines on 5 whole terminals per plot. Alfalfa yields were sampled on Jul 30'79 by using a small sickle bar mower to cut a 1/1000 acre swath out of plot centers and weighing all hay cut. Samples were taken to determine percent DM by overdrying analysis as well as protein content.
Alfalfa Weevil Control at 3 Tennessee Locations, 1979
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E.
Published: March 2022

Recommended alfalfa-weevil insecticides were applied to established alfalfa fields at 3 branch experiment stations. Middle Tennessee (MTES) at Spring Hill, Highland Rim (HRES) at Springfield, and Tobacco (TES) at Greenville. Each insecticide was applied to 12 × 20 ft plots and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied on April 5 (MTES), April 11 (HRES), and April 16 (TES) at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a C02-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Four sets of 5 pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-inch diameter insect net prior to application. Pre-treatment means per 5 sweeps were: MTES 89.0, HRES 96.8, and TES 93.8 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL). Five pendulum sweeps were taken in each plot at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. Yields were taken by cutting a swath down the center of each plot. Harvest dates were: MTES May 10, HRES May 8, TES May 7. Green weight was recorded and subsamples taken to determine dry weight yield.
Fall Armyworm and Stalkborer Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide sprays were applied biweekly to corn located at the St. Gabriel Experiment Station near Baton Rouge, for season long control of foliage feeding and stalkboreing insects. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 5 times. Individual plots were three 15 ft rows spaced 3 ft apart (0.0031 acre) bordered on each side by vacant rows. Each spray concentrate was applied fo the corn canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons finished formulation/acre/ application. Insecticide applications were begun when corn was 3 ft high, and continued for 3 applications, August 17, 3 1, and September 13. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined by destructive sampling and infestation counts 3 days after each application. Stalks were selected systematically for the sampling of live insects and stalkborer exit holes. Analyses of variance were conducted on armyworm and stalkborer infestation counts, in addition to yield adjusted for plant stand via covariance analysis.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Preflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1978-79
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , dela Cruz C. G. , Paragna F.
Published: March 2022

The objective was to identify commercially available insecticides comparable in performance to Azodrin, currently recommended for preflowering mung bean insects. Six trials on farmers‘ fields evaluated 35 foliar insecticides applied at low dosages (and thus economical for small-scale farmers) on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE) against preflowering insects. Azodrin (0.25 kg ai/ha) was included in each trial for comparison. Each insecticide was applied to 4 replicated plots (50 sq.m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 400 \/ha. All plots, including the check, received postflowering insecticide (0.05 kg ai Decis/ha). CESID-21, resistant to powdery mildew, did not require fungicide protection. Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. The trials were conducted during the dry season in the village of Pao, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province. Mung bean (300,000 plants/ha) was broadcast sowed and harrowed into tilled soil (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 0 mm, RH averaged 79%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 31�C and 19�C, respectively for the crop period. Beanflies were counted by dissecting 25 plants/plot. Flea beetle damage was estimated visually as % defoliation on a per-plot basis. Aphids were scored (1-9 scale) on a per-plant basis expressed as an average/plot: 1 = no aphids, 3 = winged aphids, 5 = several colonies, 7 = many distinct colonies, 9 = many coalesced and indistinct colonies. Yield was based on 15 sq.m.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Granules in the Root-Zone for Rice Planthopper and Leafhopper Control, 1978
Authors: Helnrichs E. A . , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Previous laboratory and field studies have indicated that the residual activity of carbofuran is lengthened when the insecticide is placed in the soil near the roots in comparison to a paddy water broadcast treatment. In a search for additional insecticides which are effective as a root-zone application insecticides were applied at a 0.5 kg ai/ha rate. Granules were placed in genatin capsules and inserted into the root zone of 35 day-old plants at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. Ten insects were placed on each of four replications at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DT). Mortality was recorded 48 hr after placing the insects on the plants. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Rice Leaf Folder Control, Irri Laboratory, 1978
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Two identical tests were conducted at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. In each test 10 first instar larvae were placed on 35 day-old plants and allowed to feed and fold leaves for 14 days. Plants were then sprayed with 12.5 ml of a 0.04% concentration (equivalent to 0.8 kg ai/ha) and placed in a room at a temperature of 27 t 1�C. Two days after spraying the rolled leaves were opened and larval mortality determined. Values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Striped Stem Borer Control, Irri, 1978
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Arceo M.
Published: March 2022

Wet season. Insecticides were applied 6 times with a knapsack sprayer at a rate of 1.0 kg ai/ha beginning at 5 days after transplanting (DAT) at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. Stem borer damage was assessed by counting number of deadhearts in a 10 m^ area (160 plants) at 47 and 73 DAT.
Corn Earworm Control on Grain Sorghum Heads, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Duncan R.R. , Schwehr Robert D.
Published: March 2022

Funk’s G522DR seed was planted in Cecil loamy soil on Jun 28’79. Treatments in Test 1 were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Test 2 treatments were replicated 3 times In a completely random design. All plots were 6.1m × 3 rows. Spray applications were made with a compressed-air sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gal H2O/acre. Spray was directed over the heads on Sept 12"79 when plants were in the soft dough stage of development. Ten heads per plot were sampled prior to treatment and 5 days after treatment by shaking the heads and counting corn earworm larvae.
Evaluation of Candidate Insecticides for Sugarcane Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Gaudin G. R. , Finger C. M. , Sanford J. W.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide sprays were applied in a field of sugarcane (variety CP 61-37, plant cane crop) at the Daniel Boudreaux Farm near Napoleonville, LA to determine season-long control of Sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with 6 replicates. Individual plots were 3 rows × 24 ft on 6 ft centers (0.01 acre). Treatments were applied in water at 30 lb psi to the canopy with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons of finished formulation. Each insecticide was applied 3 times at the following intervals: July 18, August 9 and September 8. Applications were begun when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in the leaf sheaths and were repeated whenever that level of population occurred again in Guthion-treated plots. The efficacy of different insecticide treatments was determined at harvest-time by comparison of the % internodes bored by SCB larvae in treated plots with the number bored in untreated (control) plots. Twenty stalks were selected at random from the center row of each plot on October 3 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. , Hensley S. D.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide sprays were applied 4 times in a 60-acre block of plant sugarcane (variety CP 61-37) located at Dugas-Leblanc Sugars near Paincourtville, Louisiana, for full-season control of SCB infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 6 times. Each spray concentrate was applied in water from aircraft to the sugarcane plant canopy at a rate of 2 gal finished formulation/acre/application. Insecticide applications were made after internodes were first visible above ground and whenever at least 5% of the stalks in the Guthion L treatment contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Four applications of each insecticide were made (July 14, August 3, 25, September 14). The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined October 4, by comparing percent internodes bored in treated and untreated plots following examination of 100 stalks/plot for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes. Non-target ground-associated arthropods were continuously sampled in 2 pitfall traps situated centrally 150 ft apart in each plot. Traps, consisting of 1 pt jars f i l l ed with 1 inch of 7 0% ethanol and 0.5 inch of mineral oil were imbedded on the row and covered by a 9 inch diam disc supported by a tripod 1 inch above the Jar and soil surface. Traps were changed triweekly and just prior to each insecticide application. Analyses of variance and orthogonal partitioning of treatments were conducted on % SCB bored internodes and season totals of arthropods collected in pitfall traps.
Apple, Miticide Evaluation Experiment, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Parrella M. P. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied (run-off) to 5 randomly selected trees per treatment in a 1.6-A (ca. .65 ha) block of four-year-old trees at Steeles Tavern, Virginia. This orchard contained four cultivars: Golden Delicious on M 7, Double Red Staymon on MM106, Commander York on MM111 and Triple Red Delicious on MM106. All treatments were applied at 200 psi (14.06 kg/cm2) with a hand gun on a truckmounted Swanson sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm (132.49 liter/mln) pump. Miticide treatments were single applications directed against a specific stage of mite development. Specifically, Apr 30 (overwintering eggs hatching), May 7 (overwintering eggs hatching and young mites present). May 29 (first generation summer eggs hatching). The orchard maintenance sproy program, applied using the alternate middle technique with a Swanson airblast sprayer delivering 25 gpa (233.55 liters/A) at 2 mph (3.22 km/h) and 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2), consisted of the following materials: Captan 50W10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) May 2, 7, 16; Captan50W5 lb/100 (0.60 kg/100 liter) Jun 22, Jul 19, Aug 13; Captan 50W 10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) + Carbaryl 50W 1 lb/100 (1.2 g/liter) May 2, Jul 30, Aug 6; Captan 50W 10 lb/100 (11.98 g/liter) + dodine 65W 5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) May 25, Jun 1; dodine 65W 5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) Jun 5, Jul 3; dodine 65W5 lb/100 (5.99 g/liter) + Carbaryl 50W 1 lb/100 (1.2 g/liter) Jul 11. Five leaves/tree were collected on each sample date, bagged, placed in an ice chest and removed to the laboratory where they were examined with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Data were recorded as mites and mite eggs/leaf.
Mealybug Control on Episcia, 1978
Authors: Price James F. , Harbuagh K.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity and control of mealybugs on Episcja grown in a shaded greenhouse in Bradenton, FL. High and low temperatures in the greenhouse during the experiment averaged ca. 32°C and 23°C respectively. Light intensity at the bench surface during the day was ca. 38-54 klx. Mealybug populations had developed on Episcia after infested Caladium tubers were placed into pots of test plants. The experimental design was a split plot in 4 blocks with chemical treatments as whole plots and cultivars as subplots. Subplots con-tained one 6-week old plant in a 4-inch pot. Four weekly treatments, beginning June 15'78 were applied with a sprayer equipped with an open cone nozzle pressurized to 40 psi with CO2. Plants were sprayed until all leaf surfaces were fully wet. Temik granules were applied to soil surfaces once at the beginning of the experiment. All leaf surfaces were observed to record numbers of mealybugs (nymphs and adult females) on July 10.
Coleus, P. Citri Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays, soil drenches, and granules at I/2X, IX, and 4X for mealybug control and phytotoxicity evaluations on greenhouse Coleus. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a C02 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Foliar sprays were applied on July 7, 20, and Aug 3'78. Soil drench and granular treatments were applied on July 6 and 27. Data are means of 4 replications, with mealybugs recorded from 2 plants per replicate.
Phytotoxicity Test, Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Three Insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 20 species and cultivars of woody ornamentals growing in containers at a Lake Co. nursery or at the OARDC. Four plants of 15 species/cultivars at the nursery were sprayed thoroughly June 20'79 with each treat-ment, using a compression CO2 sprayer operating at 40 psi with a TeeJet SS8004 flat fan nozzle. Skies were sunny, temperature 24-27°C, with moderate wind (16-32 kph). A second application was made to 2 of the 4 plants of each variety 14 days later, using the aforementioned technique. On this day temperature was 21�C with clear skies and no wind. The other 5 varieties of plants were sprayed at Woosrer, as above, beginning Aug 9'79 when skies were cloudy, temperature 27°C, and winds of 16-24 kph. Skies were sunny, temperature 27°C with a slight breeze (8-16 kph) during the second application at Woosrer. Treated plants were inspected for phytotoxicity 2,5,7,14,16,19,21, and 28 days after first application.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates/treatment of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump on Jun 9, Jun 25, and Jul 27 to all plots except those treated with the high rate of UC-55248 (Jun 9 only, see footnote ** Table 1), the low rate of SLJ -0312 (Jun 9 and 25, Jul 9 and 25), and both formulations of Ro-12-0470 (Jun 9 and Jul 27). General purpose sprays of 1.5 lb captan 50W, 0.25 lb Guthion 50W, and 1.25 lb Sevin 50W/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. intervals of 2 wk throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averages: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, Sep 8.99. Effectiveness of test materials against the European red mite andA. fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Dairy Cattle With Ectrin And Rabon Ear Tags, 1979
Authors: Hall Robert D. , English L. Michael , Doisy Kathy E.
Published: March 2022

Plastic ear tags containing 8.0% wt/wt Ectrtn (fenvalerate) were placed 1/head on 17 dairy cows. Tagging was done on June 29 and the cattle maintained on pasture. On July 2, 18 similar animals were treated by placing 13.7% wt/wt Rabon (stirofos) tags in each ear. An additional 24 head were treated on July 5 by affixing a single Rabon tag per head. A separate herd consisting of ca. 20 head was maintained as an untreated control. All animals were pastured within 1 km of one another. Assess-ment of treatment efficacy was made at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined. Data thus obtained was converted to common logarithms prior to analysis; however, true averages are reported. The test was terminated when herd management based on lactation forced intermixing of experimental groups.
Chickens, Evaluation of Standard Acaricides for Control Of Northern Fowl Mites, 1979
Authors: Hall R. D. , English L. M. , Vandepopuliere J. M. , Doisy K. E. , Lyons J. J. , Foehse M. C. , Berkebile D. R.
Published: March 2022

Five field tests were conducted in Missouri using commercial caged layer flocks. Mite populations were assessed prior to and regularly after treatment via visual inspection of 10 to 25 hens selected at random from each replicate. We used the following 0-6 index system: 0 = no mites, 1 = 1-5 mites, 2 = 6-15 mites, 3 = 16-50 mites, 4 = 51-100 mites, 5 = 101-500 mites, and 6 = more than 500 mites. In all cases, acaricide treatment was assigned at random and untreated control replicates incorporated into the experimental design.
Control of Mcdaniel Spider Mite and European Red Mite, 1979
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

A 15 year old block of Bing cherries was selected for this test. An application of Pydrin 2.4EC at 3 oz/100 gal was used early to eliminate predatory mites. A completely random design was used with 4 single tree replicates per treatment. AM plots were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal per A) with handguns at 400 to 500 psi on July 12. Samples of mites were taken at weekly intervals by collecting 25 leaves per tree. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine and the mites counted under a binocular microscope.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M.
Published: March 2022

A planting of 14 year old 'Sunhigh' peaches was used for this test. Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times each in a complete randomized block design. On each tree 4 branches of ca. equal size (one/quadrant) were tagged for the counting of green peach aphids. The infestation level is expressed as the number of aphid “colonies” per branch. A “colony” is a leaf cluster or shoot with one or more immature aphids on it. A pre-treatment count of aphid colonies was made on May 18. On May 22 treatments were applied to run-off with a high pressure sprayer (400 psi) and handgun. The post-treatment count was made on May 29.