bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymph node metastasis between sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle in clinically node‐positive papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Sun Guohua , Wang Yu , Zhu Yongxue , Wang Yulong , Xu Kuan , Wei Wenjun , Li Hui , Lu Zhongwu , Ji Qinghai
Published: August 2012

Background

There have been few reports on lymph node metastasis between sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle (originally LNSS) in clinically node positive (cN+) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Therefore, our objective was to investigate the significance of LNSS metastasis.

Methods

A total of 115 patients with cN+ PTC underwent a neck dissection with LNSS, as a separate pathologic specimen to be analyzed for the correlation between LNSS and sex, age, tumor size, tumor site, initial or reoperative treatment, lateral cervical lymph nodes, and central compartment metastasis.

Results

The positive rate of LNSS was 22.6%. LNSS metastasis was correlated with a primary site in the inferior pole, the lateral nodal metastasis, level III and level IV nodal metastasis, but not with other clinical parameters.

Conclusion

In cN+ PTC, especially a primary site in the inferior pole, level III and/or level IV metastasis, attention should be given to excising the nodal tissue in LNSS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Examination of a physically based, high‐resolution, distributed Arctic temperature‐index melt model, on Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Irvine‐Fynn T. D. L. , Hanna E. , Barrand N. E. , Porter P. R. , Kohler J. , Hodson A. J.
Published: August 2012

Improvements in our ability to model runoff from glaciers remain an important scientific goal. This paper describes a new temperature‐radiation‐index glacier melt model specifically enhanced for use in High‐Arctic environments, utilising high temporal and spatial resolution datasets while retaining relatively modest data requirements. The model employs several physically constrained parameters and was tuned using a lidar‐derived surface elevation model of Midtre Lovénbreen, meteorological data from sites spanning ~70% of the glacier's area‐altitude distribution and periodic ablation surveys during the 2005 melt season. The model explained 80% of the variance in observed ablation across the glacier, an improvement of ~40% on a simplified energy balance model (EBM), yet equivalent to the performance of a full EBM employed at the same location. Model performance was assessed further by comparing potential and measured runoff from the catchment and through application to an earlier (2004) melt season. The additive model form and consideration of a priori parameters for the Arctic locality were shown to be beneficial, with a planimetry correction eliminating systematic errors in potential runoff. Further parameterisations defining modelled incident radiation failed to yield significant improvements to model output. Our results suggest that such enhanced melt models may perform well for singular melt seasons, yet are highly sensitive to the choice of lapse rates, and their transferability to different locations and seasons may be limited. While modelling ablation requires detailed consideration of the transition between snow and ice melt, our study suggests that description of the ratio between radiative and turbulent heat fluxes may provide a useful step towards dynamic parameterisation of melt factors in temperature‐index models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bulk physicochemical, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cements–fibrin glue composites for bone substitute applications
Authors: Lopez‐Heredia M. A. , Pattipeilohy J. , Hsu S. , Grykien M. , van der Weijden B. , Leeuwenburgh S. C. G. , Salmon P. , Wolke J. G. C. , Jansen J. A.
Published: August 2012

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) and fibrin glue (FG) are used for surgical applications. Their combination is promising to create bone substitutes able to promote cell attachment and bone remodeling. This study proposes a novel approach to create CPC‐FG composites by simultaneous CPC setting and FG fibrinogenesis. CPC‐FG composites were obtained by mixing CPC powders, i.e. α‐tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and precipitated hydroxyapatite, with FG powder components, i.e. fibrinogen and thrombin, and a 2% Na2HPO4 solution. To study the effect of FG quantity and fibrinogenesis kinetics, long and fast setting FGs were evaluated in amounts of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.500 mL on CPC‐FG composites. Physicochemical, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties were measured. Scanning electron microscopy, Micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT), X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed morphology, structure, crystallographic, and chemical composition, respectively. FG fibrinogenesis was performed within the CPC. FTIR confirmed this and its interfacial bonding with CPC. μ‐CT confirmed a good FG distribution. FG addition affected the CPC when compared with pristine CPC. Adding FG to CPC changed their morphology, density, porosity, setting, cohesion, injectability, interconnectivity, crystallographic and chemical composition and mechanical properties. Moreover, 0.500 mL of long setting FG modified the observed fracture behavior of the CPC‐FG. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Proliferation and harvest of human mesenchymal stem cells using new thermoresponsive nanocomposite gels
Authors: Kotobuki Noriko , Murata Kazutaka , Haraguchi Kazutoshi
Published: August 2012

For tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, stem cells should be effectively cultured in vitro. New thermoresponsive nanocomposite gels (MD‐NC gels), consisting of inorganic clay (hectorite) and copolymers composed of hydrophobic 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) and hydrophilic N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) units, could be applied in cell culture and cell harvesting without trypsinization, specifically using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The composition of the MD‐NC gel (the ratio of the two monomer types and the clay content) was found to determine its swelling properties in the culture medium, thermosensitivity, protein adsorption, and cell attachment and proliferation. Various kinds of human cells, including MSCs, osteoblast (HOS) cells, fibroblast (NHDF) cells, and epithelial cells could be effectively cultured on MD‐NC gels. In particular, on an MD10‐NC2 gel with relatively low DMAA and clay content, the cells could be harvested by decreasing the temperature, either as a cell sheet (MSCs or NHDF cells) or as a population of suspension cells (HOS cells). Further, it was found that the MD10‐NC2 gel is suitable for stem cell differentiation. Because of their thermosensitivity, controllable modulus, and surface properties, MD‐NC gels are promising cell culture substrates useful for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Effects of microtopographic patterns on platelet adhesion and activation on titanium oxide surfaces
Authors: Ding Yonghui , Leng Yang , Huang Nan , Yang Ping , Lu Xiong , Ge Xiang , Ren Fuzeng , Wang Kefeng , Lei Lijuan , Guo Xiang
Published: August 2012

This study systematically investigated the effects of microtopographic patterns of titanium oxide on platelet adhesion and activation in order to reveal the mechanisms of interactions between platelet and surface topography. Periodic arrays of groove and pillar patterns with dimensions ranging from submicron to several micrometers were fabricated by photolithography and deep reactive‐ion etching on silicon substrates, followed by the sputter deposition of titanium oxide (TiO2). Platelet adhesion and activation on TiO2 patterned surfaces were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and GMP‐140 assays, respectively. The morphology of adherent platelets was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the microtopographic patterns were able to effectively manipulate the platelet response by varying geometry and size of patterns. A groove pattern resulted in much higher levels of platelet adhesion and activation than a pillar pattern. The study revealed that a difference in pattern size led to two distinctive modes of platelet adhesion: the “bridging” mode in which platelets can bridge over spacing between adjacent patterns when spacing size is smaller than 1.5 μm; and the “full‐contact” mode in which platelets cannot bridge but fully contact the entire surface when spacing size is larger than 3 μm. Our analysis indicates good correlations between platelet behavior and hydrophobicity/wetting anisotropy in “bridging” mode, and effective surface contact area in “full‐contact” mode. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2013:101A:622–632.
Impact of short‐term perfusion on cell retention for 3D bioconstruct development
Authors: Liu Dan , Chua Chee‐Kai , Leong Kah‐Fai
Published: August 2012

Perfusion culture is a commonly used dynamic culture technique in tissue engineering for promoting higher cell number growth. Under perfusion culture, the cell number could be co‐influenced by cell detachment and cell proliferation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the perfusion effects on cell proliferation but largely ignored the aspect of cell detachment. This work demonstrates that perfusion as small as 2.3 mL/min have induced cell loss compared with static culture even for a culture period of 12 minutes Both perfusion rate and direction have influenced the cell retention in the construct. In general, higher perfusion rates have caused more cell loss, largely due to the induced higher flow shear. The influence of perfusion directions on cell retention has been closely related to cell distribution in the construct. The study shows that cell retention is an important aspect that is worth more research attention and should be considered for cell number analysis in 3D construct development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 647–652, 2013.
Vertical inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Crawford Ross , Xiao Yin
Published: August 2012

Osteoarthritis is characterized by degenerative alterations of articular cartilage including both the degradation of extracellular matrix and the death of chondrocytes. The PI3K/Akt pathway has been demonstrated to involve in both processes. Inhibition of its downstream target NF‐kB reduces the degradation of extracellular matrix via decreased production of matrix metalloproteinases while inhibition of mTOR increased autophagy to reduce chondrocyte death. However, mTOR feedback inhibits the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of mTOR could result in increased activity of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐kB pathway. We proposed that the use of dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR could be a promising approach to more efficiently inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway than rapamycin or PI3K inhibitor alone and produce better treatment outcome. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 245–249, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Participation in a Mindfulness Program for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Kearney David J. , McDermott Kelly , Malte Carol , Martinez Michelle , Simpson Tracy L.
Published: August 2012

Objective

To assess outcomes associated with Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for veterans with PTSD.

Methods

Forty‐seven veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 37 male, 32 Caucasian) were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU; n = 22), or MBSR plus TAU (n = 25). PTSD, depression, and mental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 4‐month follow‐up. Standardized effect sizes and the proportion with clinically meaningful changes in outcomes were calculated.

Results

Intention‐to‐treat analyses found no reliable effects of MBSR on PTSD or depression. Mental HRQOL improved posttreatment but there was no reliable effect at 4 months. At 4‐month follow‐up, more veterans randomized to MBSR had clinically meaningful change in mental HRQOL, and in both mental HRQOL and PTSD symptoms. Completer analyses (≥ 4 classes attended) showed medium to large between group effect sizes for depression, mental HRQOL, and mindfulness skills.

Conclusions

Additional studies are warranted to assess MBSR for veterans with PTSD.
Adsorption and separation of rhenium(VII) using N‐methylimidazolium functionalized strong basic anion exchange resin
Authors: Jia Min , Cui Hongmin , Jin Weiqun , Zhu Lili , Liu Yu , Chen Ji
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Rhenium is a rare and valuable metal coexisting with molybdenum in molybdenite and sulfide copper ores and is hard to separate. Methods such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, adsorption, precipitation, etc. have been used to separate and purify Re(VII), and resin ion exchange has been widely investigated and used owing to its convenient operation and relatively low‐cost. The main challenge comes from the preparation of resins having high performance and stability. In an earlier study, an N‐methylimidazolium functionalized strong basic anion exchange resin was successfully synthesized and used for Cr(IV) extraction. This paper, reports on further synthesis and application of this resin for adsorption and separation of Re(VII) and Mo(VI), especially from copper arsenic filter cake.

RESULTS: At pH 6.25, Re(VII) and Mo(VI) can be effectively separated with the N‐methylimidazolium functionalized strong basic anion exchange resin, giving a Re(VII) recovery of up to 93.3%, but only 5.1% for Mo(VI). When using the copper arsenic filter cake sample 89.1% Re(VII) recovery was achieved.

CONCLUSION: The N‐methylimidazolium functionalized strong basic anion exchange resin exhibited high selectivity and recovery for Re(VII) in a mixed system. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
An evaluation of the application of a TiO2/ Cu(II)/solar simulated radiation system for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives
Authors: Marotta Raffaele , Di Somma Ilaria , Spasiano Danilo , Andreozzi Roberto , Caprio Vincenzo
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: The conversion of hydroxybenzyl alcohols, nitro‐benzyl alcohol and methoxybenzyl alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes is attempted in aqueous solution by Cu(II) (which reduces to Cu(0)), at room temperature, under acidic and deaerated conditions, using TiO2 solar simulated light photocatalysis.

RESULTS: Under the experimental conditions adopted, the yields of the corresponding hydroxyaldehydes, when Cu(II) was completely reduced to Cu(0), were 21.6% for 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 11.5% for 3‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and 20.2% for 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Higher conversions of 2‐methoxybenzyl alcohol and 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol were recorded relative to unsubstituted benzyl alcohol. A selectivity of 5.2%, at 50% conversion of the substrate, was observed for the oxidation of 4‐nitrobenzyl alcohol to 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde. For high degrees of aromatic alcohols conversion, oxidation of the generated aldehydes to the corresponding benzoic acid derivatives is observed.

CONCLUSION: The introduction of substituents into the aromatic alcohols structure changes the photocatalytic oxidation rate and product selectivities with respect to that previously observed for unsubstituted benzyl alcohol. In particular, the presence of both electron donating (hydroxy, methoxy groups) and electron withdrawing (nitrogroup) groups on the aromatic ring of the substrate causes a detrimental effect on the selectivity of the process with respect to the case of benzyl alcohol. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploratory analysis of estimated acoustic peak rarefaction pressure, recanalization, and outcome in the transcranial ultrasound in clinical sonothrombolysis trial
Authors: Barlinn Kristian , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Molina Carlos A. , Alexandrov Dmitri A. , Schafer Mark E. , Alleman John , Alexandrov Andrei V. ,   for the TUCSON Investigators
Published: August 2012

Purpose

Acoustic peak rarefaction pressure (APRP) is the main factor that influences ultrasound‐enhanced thrombolysis. We sought to determine whether recanalization rate and functional outcomes in the Transcranial Ultrasound in Clinical SONothrombolysis (TUCSON) trial could be predicted by estimated in vivo APRP.

Methods

We developed an acoustic attenuation model to estimate the in vivo APRP at the arterial occlusion site in each subject of the TUCSON trial with CT scans eligible for measurements. Variables included temporal bone thickness, depth of arterial occlusion site, and average attenuation of skin and brain tissues. Recanalization was defined as partial or complete using the Thrombolysis in Brain Infarction flow grades. Functional independence was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS, 0–1).

Results

APRP was calculated in 20 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with sonothrombolysis (mean age, 64 ± 15 years, 65% men; median NIHSS score, 13; IQR, 6–17). The mean APRP was 30.2 ± 15.5 kPa (range, 8–68 kPa). Patients with persisting occlusion had nonsignificantly lower APRP than patients with partial or complete recanalization (25.2 ± 8.0 versus 32.3 ± 17.7 kPa; p = 0.228). Patients who were functionally independent at 3 months had nonsignificantly higher APRP than patients with worse outcome (35.1 ± 19.5 versus 25.9 ± 11.2 kPa; p = 0.217).

Conclusions

Our exploratory analysis suggests a potentially important role of successful energy delivery to augment thrombolysis with 2‐MHz ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:354–360, 2013
Does genotype predict response to treatment in children infected with hepatitis B perinatally?
Authors: Boxall Elizabeth , Sira Jaswant , Kaskar Shamima , Workman Judith , Kelly Deirdre
Published: August 2012

HBV genotype may correlate with outcome and treatment response. Genotype has been compared with treatment response in children infected perinatally with hepatitis B following treatment with oral antiviral drugs (lamivudine or adefovir) or interferon (IFN) alone and with prednisolone priming (Pred/IFN). All children who took part in clinical trials in this unit since 1990 were included. Hepatitis B genotypes were determined by direct sequencing or using a commercial line probe assay (InnoLipa). Sixty‐five children were included; 20 were treated with IFN; 19 with Pred/IFN; 22 with lamivudine and 7 with adefovir, some took part in more than one treatment study. 63 out of 65 children were clearly typed into single genotypes; 16, 7, 3, and 37 typing as A, B, C, and D respectively. The majority of South‐Asian children had genotype D and European and Afro‐Caribbean children were more likely to have genotype A. Treatment response (seroconversion from HBeAg to Anti‐HBe) was better in children with genotypes A [n = 16] and D [n = 37] (55.5% and 48.7%), compared to those with B [n = 7] and C [n = 3] (12.5% and 0%) for all treatments. The response to interferon alone was better in children with genotype A compared to D (50% and 36%), but prednisolone priming improved the response so that there was no difference between genotypes A and D (66.7% and 70%). Assessment of genotype in children pre‐treatment may provide a guide to potential response. The response to treatment by genotype should be evaluated in future clinical trials in children. J. Med. Virol. 84:1535–1540, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of varicella‐zoster virus clinical isolates from 2006 to 2008 in a tertiary care hospital, Dublin, Ireland, using different genotyping methods
Authors: Roycroft Emma , Rose Lisa , Scallan Martina F. , Crowley Brendan
Published: August 2012

Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), a herpesvirus, is a ubiquitous organism that causes considerable morbidity worldwide and can cause severe complications on reactivation. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on 19 clinical VZV isolates (16 zoster and 3 varicella) found in Ireland, between December 2006 and November 2008, in order to determine whether previously reported viral heterogeneity was still present and whether viral recombination was evident. Open reading‐frames (ORFs) from genes 1, 21, 50, and 54, were sequenced. Clades 1, 2, 3, and 5 were identified. Four putative recombinant isolates were detected (three clade 3/1 and one clade 5/3/1). Further sequencing and examination of ORF 22 and 21/50, did not elucidate the putative recombinant genotypes further. These two previously published genotyping schemes were examined in light of the new consensus genotyping scheme proposed in 2010. Remarkable VZV heterogeneity remains prevalent in Ireland. This is the first evidence of putative VZV recombination found in Ireland. J. Med. Virol. 84:1672–1679, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review: Viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding
Authors: Goeijenbier M. , van Wissen M. , van de Weg C. , Jong E. , Gerdes V.E.A. , Meijers J.C.M. , Brandjes D.P.M. , van Gorp E.C.M.
Published: August 2012

Viral infections are associated with coagulation disorders. All aspects of the coagulation cascade, primary hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis, can be affected. As a consequence, thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, or both, may occur. Investigation of coagulation disorders as a consequence of different viral infections have not been performed uniformly. Common pathways are therefore not fully elucidated. In many severe viral infections there is no treatment other than supportive measures. A better understanding of the pathophysiology behind the association of viral infections and coagulation disorders is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. This is of special importance in case of severe complications, such as those seen in hemorrhagic viral infections, the incidence of which is increasing worldwide. To date, only a few promising targets have been discovered, meaning the implementation in a clinical context is still hampered. This review discusses non‐hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic viruses for which sufficient data on the association with hemostasis and related clinical features is available. This will enable clinicians to interpret research data and place them into a perspective. J. Med. Virol. 84:1680–1696, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexpected distribution of Hepatitis B genotypes in patients with kidney disease: Comparison with immunocompetent subjects
Authors: Souza Luciana O. , Perez Renata M. , Carvalho‐Filho Roberto J. , Matos Carla A.L. , Moutinho Renata S. , Silva Ivonete S. , Medina‐Pestana Jose O. , Silva Antonio E.B. , Ferraz Maria L.
Published: August 2012

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a high prevalence among hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Data regarding genotype distribution in these populations are scarce and are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of HBV genotypes in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)‐patients and renal transplant patients and to compare with the distribution observed in immunocompetent patients from the same geographic region. From a population of 213 patients evaluated initially, 120 patients with detectable HBV‐DNA were included in the study and submitted to genotype determination by amplification of S gene by nested PCR followed by sequencing method. Among 41 hemodialysis patients the most frequent genotype was D (83%), followed by genotype A (10%), C (5%), and F (2%). Genotype D was also the most prevalent (73%) among 33 renal transplant patients, followed by genotype A (18%), F (6%), and B (3%). This distribution was similar in these two groups of patients and for the comparative analysis they were considered in the kidney disease group. Compared to immunocompetents, patients with kidney disease (ESRD and renal transplant patients) showed a distinct distribution, with a higher prevalence of genotype D (78% vs. 17%, P < 0.001) whereas genotype A was the most prevalent among immunocompetent patients (70% vs. 14%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the higher frequency of genotype A in immunocompetent patients and of genotype D in patients with renal disease suggest a higher capacity of environmental transmission or a better adaptability of this genotype in patients with a different pattern of immunologic response. J. Med. Virol. 84:1548–1552, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emergence of lamivudine resistance hepatitis B virus mutations in pregnant women infected with HBV and HIV receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of mother‐to‐infant transmission in Malawi
Authors: Galluzzo Clementina , Liotta Giuseppe , Andreotti Mauro , Luhanga Richard , Jere Haswell , Mancinelli Sandro , Maulidi Martin , Sagno Jean‐Baptiste , Pirillo Maria , Erba Fulvio , Amici Roberta , Ceffa Susanna , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Vella Stefano , Palombi Leonardo , Giuliano Marina
Published: August 2012

HIV/HBV co‐infection is highly prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of triple combination lamivudine‐containing prophylaxis for the prevention of mother‐to‐infant HIV transmission was associated with the emergence of lamivudine HBV mutations. The study included 21 pregnant co‐infected women in Malawi who received either zidovudine or stavudine plus lamivudine and nevirapine from week 25 of gestation until 6 months after delivery or indefinitely if they met the criteria for treatment (CD4+ <350/mm3). HBV‐DNA was determined using the Roche COBAS assay. Resistance mutations were assessed by the Trugene assay (Siemens Diagnostics). At baseline 33% of the women were HBeAg positive and had HBV‐DNA > 104 IU/ml. Median CD4 count was 237 cells/mm3 and median HIV‐RNA was 3.8 log10 copies/ml. After a median of 259 days of treatment, HBV‐DNA was detectable in 9 out of 21 patients (42.8%). In three cases the HBV‐DNA level was >104 IU/ml. Resistance mutations (M204I in five cases and L180M + M204I/V in one case) were present in 6 (28.6%) patients. Women with a resistant virus had significantly higher baseline HBV‐DNA levels than those not developing resistance (1.1 × 107 IU/ml vs. 20.8 IU/ml, P = 0.022). Levels of ALT and AST were higher in women with resistant viruses compared to those retaining a wild‐type virus. A high rate of lamivudine resistance was seen in this cohort of pregnant women. Follow‐up of these patients will clarify if the presence of resistance has a significant impact on liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 84:1553–1557, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPV persistence and its oncogenic role in prostate tumors
Authors: Tachezy Ruth , Hrbacek Jan , Heracek Jiri , Salakova Martina , Smahelova Jana , Ludvikova Viera , Svec Alexandr , Urban Michael , Hamsikova Eva
Published: August 2012

HPV has carcinogenic effects at several anatomical sites in women and men. Whether the presence of HPV in the genitourinary tract of men is associated with a higher prostate cancer risk has been a matter of research for a long‐time and the results are still not fully conclusive. Similarly, the question of the reservoir of HPV infection in men is not clearly resolved. HPV DNA presence and types were evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction in the tissue of 146 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. HPV‐specific antibodies were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of all patients and 172 controls. In addition, 256 biopsies taken from non‐tumorous tissues were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed in HPV DNA prevalence between patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (2%) and patients with prostatic cancer (2%; P = 1.000). The seropositivity rates did not differ significantly between groups of subjects except for antibodies against HPV 6 VLPs which were found more often in prostate cancer patients (adjusted P = 0.018). Similarly, no difference in the seroprevalence rates for HPV 16 E6 and/or E7 oncoproteins between groups of patients and healthy controls was detected. The overall HPV prevalence in 256 healthy tissue samples was 4%. The results indicate that HPV infection is not associated with prostate oncogenesis in men. However, they imply that multiple tissues of the male genitourinary tract may be important reservoirs for the transmission of some HPV types. J. Med. Virol. 84:1636–1645, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the linear epitope RVADVI on VP1 protein of enterovirus 71
Authors: Man‐Li Tang , Szyporta Milene , Fang Lim Xiao , Kwang Jimmy
Published: August 2012

Several large outbreaks of hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred in the Asian‐Pacific region since 1997, with Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and/or Coxsackievirus A16 (CAV16) as the main causative agents. Despite the close genetic relationship between the two viruses, only EV71 is associated with severe clinical manifestations and deaths. Effective antiviral treatment and vaccines are not available. High‐quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are necessary to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of EV71. In this study, a mAb (designated 1D9) was generated using EV71 C5 strain virus particles as immunogens. Examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting, 1D9 detected successfully all 11 subgenotypes of EV71 and showed no cross‐reactivity to the four selected subgenogroups of Coxsackieviruses CAV4, CAV6, CAV10, and CAV16. A linear motif, R3VADVI8, which is located at the N‐terminus of the EV71 VP1 protein, was identified as the minimal binding region of 1D9. Alignment and comparison of the 1D9‐defined epitope sequence against the listed sequences in the NCBI EV71 database indicated that this epitope R3VADVI8 was highly conserved among EV71 strains, while no significant similarity was observed when blasted against the Coxsackieviruses. This suggests that the mAb 1D9 may be useful for the development of a cost‐effective and accurate method for surveillance and early differentiation of EV71 from CAV16 infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1620–1627, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type‐specific human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical carcinomas in Paraguay. A study of 432 cases
Authors: Kasamatsu Elena , Cubilla Antonio L. , Alemany Laia , Chaux Alcides , Tous Sara , Mendoza Laura , Paez Malvina , Klaustermeier Jo Ellen , Quint Wim , Lloveras Belen , de Sanjose Silvia , Muñoz Nubia , Bosch Francisco Xavier
Published: August 2012

Cervical carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor among woman in Paraguay. Cytological screening programs have not been successful and a plan for human papillomavirus (HPV) based‐screening program and/or vaccination is under evaluation. This study aimed to identify the contribution of HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancer in Paraguay to provide essential background data to guide and assess the introduction and impact of new preventive strategies based on HPV. Four hundred thirty two histologically confirmed cases (1960–2004) were analyzed. HPV detection in paraffin blocks was performed at the Catalan Institute of Oncology using PCR with SPF‐10 broad spectrum primers followed by DNA enzyme immunoassay and genotyping with a reverse hybridization line probe analysis. The majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma (92.8%). Mean patients age was 48 years old. HPV DNA was detected in 73.1% of the cases and single infections were predominant (97.8%). The most common HPV single types were 16, 18, 45, 33, 31, 52, 35, and 39. 73.1% of HPV positive cases had an HPV 16, 18 as single infection. HPV16 was frequent in SCC whereas HPV 18 and 45 were prevalent in glandular tumors. Significant decrease of HPV 16 with age groups (P‐trend = 0.022) and increase in other HPV types (P‐trend > 0.001) were observed. The potential impact of HPV 16 and 18 for a vaccination program was 73.1%. The study provide a profile of the HPV situation in the country, with robust clinical, pathological and virological data which would permit a better cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs. J. Med. Virol. 84:1628–1635, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 4d in Southern Italy: Reconstruction of its origin and spread by a phylodynamic analysis
Authors: Ciccozzi Massimo , Equestre Michele , Costantino Angela , Marascio Nadia , Quirino Angela , Presti Alessandra Lo , Cella Eleonora , Bruni Roberto , Liberto Maria Carla , Focà Alfredo , Pisani Giulio , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Ciccaglione Anna Rita
Published: August 2012

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype 4 predominates in Middle East and Central Africa countries. Recently, it has become also prevalent in Southern European countries where it is thought to have been introduced through immigration and the movement of intravenous drug users. In Italy, the prevalence of genotype 4 is particularly high (4.5%) in Southern regions, such as Calabria, and reaches values of 8.4% in specific areas where there appears to be endemic circulation of this genotype. In the present study, the phylogeny of HCV subtype 4d isolated from 19 Italian patients in Calabria was investigated by analysing a fragment of the NS5B viral genomic region. A Bayesian coalescent‐based framework was used to estimate origin and spread of the HCV 4d in this area. The mean evolutionary rate HCV 4d NS5B sequences was estimated using a dataset of sequences sampled at known times and a relaxed clock constant model that best fitted the data. By using a Bayesian coalescent method, the Italian 4d isolates collected in Calabria were found to share a common ancestor with reference 4d isolates whose origin was traced back to 1940s. The genotype 4d epidemic in Southern Italy was maintained in a steady non‐expanding phase until the late 1970s after that it grew exponentially up to 1990s probably sustained by the vast increase of unsafe blood transfusions and the spread of illicit intravenous drug users. J. Med. Virol. 84:1613–1619, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D and Parkinson's disease
Authors: vinh quôc Luong Khanh , Thi Hoàng Nguyên Lan
Published: August 2012

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration among the elderly population. PD is clinically characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. Interestingly, a significant association has been demonstrated between PD and low levels of vitamin D in the serum, and vitamin D supplement appears to have a beneficial clinical effect on PD. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to PD pathology, e.g., Nurr1 gene, toll‐like receptor, gene related to lipid disorders, vascular endothelial factor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and angiogenin. Vitamin D also exerts its effects on cancer through nongenomic factors, e.g., bacillus Calmette‐Guerin vaccination, interleukin‐10, Wntβ‐catenin signaling pathways, mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, and the reduced form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In conclusion, vitamin D might have a beneficial role in PD. Calcitriol is best used for PD because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation with calcitriol in PD is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in the importance of work outcomes between full‐time and part‐time hospital employees
Authors: Wakefield Douglas S. , Curry James P. , Mueller Charles W. , Price James L.
Published: August 2012

This study examined differences in the importance of work outcomes between full‐time and part‐time hospital employees in a sample drawn from five western hospitals (N = 1,876). Work status was operationalized by classifying respondents into four categories based on hours worked per week. Exploratory factor analysis showed that work outcomes may be classified as extrinsic (pay and fringe benefits) and instrinsic (being informed about the job, participating in decision‐making, and doing the job well). Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that this two‐factor structure fits the data well for all four work status categories although the factor loadings differed across categories. Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance indicated that statistically significant differences in the importance of extrinsic and intrinsic outcomes exist for full‐time and part‐time employees and that these differences persist when various social and demographic variables are held constant. Employees who work fewer hours per week tend to assign less importance to the work outcomes measured in this study. The results suggest that theoretical models of variables such as job satisfaction should take into account work status differences in the importance of work‐related outcomes. In addition, managers may find that workers respond to different reward structures depending on the degree of their involvement in the organization.
Unique bioactive polyphenolic profile of guava (Psidium guajava) budding leaf tea is related to plant biochemistry of budding leaves in early dawn
Authors: Chang Chi‐Huang , Hsieh Chiu‐Lan , Wang Hui‐Er , Peng Chiung‐Chi , Chyau Charng‐Cherng , Peng Robert Y.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Guava leaf tea (GLT), exhibiting a diversity of medicinal bioactivities, has become a popularly consumed daily beverage. To improve the product quality, a new process was recommended to the Ser‐Tou Farmers' Association (SFA), who began field production in 2005. The new process comprised simplified steps: one bud–two leaves were plucked at 3:00–6:00 am, in the early dawn period, followed by withering at ambient temperature (25–28 °C), rolling at 50 °C for 50–70 min, with or without fermentation, then drying at 45–50 °C for 70–90 min, and finally sorted.

RESULTS: The product manufactured by this new process (named herein GLTSF) exhibited higher contents (in mg g−1, based on dry ethyl acetate fraction/methanolic extract) of polyphenolics (417.9 ± 12.3) and flavonoids (452.5 ± 32.3) containing a compositional profile much simpler than previously found: total quercetins (190.3 ± 9.1), total myricetin (3.3 ± 0.9), total catechins (36.4 ± 5.3), gallic acid (8.8 ± 0.6), ellagic acid (39.1 ± 6.4) and tannins (2.5 ± 9.1).

CONCLUSION: We have successfully developed a new process for manufacturing GLTSF with a unique polyphenolic profile. Such characteristic compositional distribution can be ascribed to the right harvesting hour in the early dawn and appropriate treatment process at low temperature, avoiding direct sunlight. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipid stability during the frozen storage of fillets from silver catfish exposed in vivo to the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Brown
Authors: Veeck Ana Paula L , Klein Bruna , Ferreira Lauren F , Becker Alexssandro G , Heldwein Clarissa G , Heinzmann Berta M , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Emanuelli Tatiana
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Lippia alba is effective in sedating and reducing stress to fish during transportation. Because some in vitro studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of L. alba, we hypothesized that its use in vivo could result in antioxidant effects post mortem. Therefore, in this study we evaluated whether the essential oil of L. alba (EO) used as sedative for fish transport would increase the lipid stability of fillets from silver catfish during frozen storage.

RESULTS: The exposure to the EO in vivo did not affect conjugated diene values. However, EO (30 and 40 µL L−1) delayed the peak formation of peroxides (from the third to the sixth month of storage) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (from the ninth to the twelfth month of storage) when compared to control fillets. After exposure to 40 µL L−1 EO the free fatty acid content was higher than for control at the start of fillet storage, with no differences among groups thereafter.

CONCLUSION: The essential oil of L. alba used as sedative in the water to transport silver catfish can delay lipid oxidation of fillets during frozen storage. Thus L. alba may be a promising source of natural active compounds for use in aquaculture and the food industry. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Quinocetone triggers oxidative stress and induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes of both genders
Authors: Yang Wei , Fu Juan , Xiao Xiao , Yan Hong , Bao Wei , Wang Di , Hao Liping , Nussler Andreas K , Yao Ping , Liu Liegang
Published: August 2012

Background

Quinocetone has been widely used as an animal growth promoter in China. However, available data showed that QCT has potential genotoxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of QCT in human lymphocytes.

Results

CCK‐8 assay demonstrated the severe inhibitory effects by QCT in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. DNA damage analysis using alkalic Comet assay revealed a pronounced increase of DNA fragmentation in cells. In contrast, DNA damage was significantly decreased after incubation with S9 mix. This finding demonstrated that the intermediate metabolites of this drug exerted lower genotoxicity than its parent drugs. We further described chromosomal damage induced by this drug employing cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay. The micronucleus frequency was significantly increased in quinocetone groups as compared to controls. Similar to the observation in Comet assay, incorporation of S9 mix in the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay could markedly alleviate the chromosomal damage. Moreover, QCT could invoke increase of reactive oxygen species generation in cells. Intriguingly, the toxicity of QCT was more prominent in samples from males than those from females under the same conditions.

Conclusion

QCT could induce potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes.
Effects of Brazilian green propolis on double‐stranded RNA‐mediated induction of interferon‐inducible gene and inhibition of recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells
Authors: Hayakari Ryo , Matsumiya Tomoh , Xing Fei , Tayone Janeth C , Dempoya Junichi , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Aizawa‐Yashiro Tomomi , Imaizumi Tadaatsu , Yoshida Hidemi , Satoh Kei
Published: August 2012

Background

Propolis is a bee product with various biological properties, including an antiviral activity when taken orally. However, its mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level are not well understood.

Results

We investigated the effect of propolis on antiviral signaling in A549 cells transfected with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), a model for viral infection. Pretreatment of the cells with propolis inhibited poly I:C (synthetic dsRNA)‐induced interferon (IFN)‐β expression. Propolis had no effect on the dsRNA‐induced expression of RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLRs), which are known as intracellular viral RNA sensors. As to the effect on antiviral executor genes, propolis enhanced myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) expression, whereas interferon‐inducible gene 6–16 (G1P3) and 2'‐5'‐oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) were unaffected. All of these genes belong to the IFN‐inducible genes, suggesting that the effect of propolis on antiviral signaling is not necessarily mediated by the autocrine regulation by IFN‐β. Propolis pretreatment inhibited dsRNA‐induced interleukin‐8 (IL8) and CCL5 expression, and consequently lowered polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic activity in the cell‐conditioned medium.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results suggest that propolis may suppress excess inflammatory responses without affecting the innate immunity during viral infection.
Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from bovine casein and identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Wu Zhen , Pan Daodong , Zhen Xiaoqun , Cao Jingxun
Published: August 2012

Background

Hypertension is a major and common threat to the health of individuals around the world. Although agents such as captopril have been shown to regulate high blood pressure effectively, they bring unfavourable side effects such as dry cough and angioedema. If angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors derived from natural substances such as milk proteins can be shown to be safe and efficient at managing hypertension, such inhibitors will be a valuable auxiliary to agents such as captopril.

Results

Low‐molecular‐weight casein‐derived peptides hydrolysed by cell envelope proteinase of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (ATCC 15008) showed quite high ACE‐inhibitory activity. The peptide fraction from α‐casein with molecular weight between 5 and 10 kDa showed the highest ACE‐inhibitory activity of 82.35%, with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 2.36 mg mL−1. Peptides from β‐casein exhibited lower ACE‐inhibitory activity (56.67%, IC50 4.00 mg mL−1). Three distinct peptide sequences derived from α‐casein (αs1‐cn f95–105, f106–115 and f148–166) were identified using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry.

Conclusion

This work investigated the ACE‐inhibitory properties of casein‐derived peptides. Three distinct peptide sequences derived from α‐casein were identified. Characterisation of such peptides furthers the investigation of casein‐derived ACE‐inhibitory peptides from fermented dairy products.
Effects of dietary sweet potato leaf meal on the growth, non‐specific immune responses, total phenols and antioxidant capacity in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Lochmann Rebecca T. , Islam Shahidul , Phillips Harold , Adam Zelalem , Everette Jace
Published: August 2012

Background

Traditional energy sources in catfish diets have become costly, and economical alternatives are needed. Sweet potato leaves are underutilised agricultural by‐products that provide energy and substantial amounts of phenols, which affect animal and human health. There is little information on the effects of these compounds on catfish, or the capacity of catfish to accumulate dietary phenols. Catfish enriched with phenols have marketing potential as functional foods. This study investigated the effects of diets with sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) on growth performance, health and total phenolic compounds in catfish.

Results

SPLM was substituted for wheat middlings in three diets fed to groups of juvenile catfish for 10 weeks. Weight gain, feed conversion, survival, alternative complement activity and lysozyme activity were similar among diets. Haematocrit was lower in fish fed diets with SPLM, but within the normal range. Total phenols and antioxidant capacity in the whole body were similar among treatments.

Conclusion

SPLM was an effective energy source for catfish up to the maximum level tested (230 g kg−1 diet). SPLM did not enhance total phenols in catfish, but there were no apparent antinutritional effects of the meal on catfish growth, health or survival.
Elucidation of steroid glycosides in Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract by means of comprehensive two‐dimensional reversed‐phase/polyamine chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Liu Zhirui , Zhu Dongliang , Qi Yunpeng , Chen Xiaofei , Zhu Zhenyu , Chai Yifeng
Published: August 2012

In the work presented here, a novel approach to comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography is evaluated. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography was employed for the first‐dimension separation and polyamine chromatography was chosen for the second‐dimension separation mode. The two dimensions are highly orthogonal and the separation efficacy of the developed octadecylsilica × polyamine was tested by separating an extract from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The steroid glycosides identified by comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in this experiment were compared to those obtained for monodimensional liquid chromatography. The comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography system, thanks to the complementary separation selectivity and enhanced peak capacity provided by the two columns, allowed to distribute five compounds of low amounts otherwise unachievable by monodimensional liquid chromatography. In addition, four steroid isomers with similar fragmentation characteristics in MS/MS spectra, were newly separated based on their different chemical structures.