bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Repetition: Robotic Fabrication Processes at a Large Scale
Authors: Hack Norman , Lauer Willi , Langenberg Silke , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias
Published: October 2013

In the context of the Future Cities Laboratory (FCL) of ETH Zurich, the Professorship for Architecture and Digital Fabrication of Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler has set up a robotic laboratory to investigate the potentials of non-standard robotic fabrication for high rise constructions in Singapore. The high degree of industrialisation of this dominant building typology implies standardisation, simplification and repetition and accounts for the increasing monotony evident in many Asian metropolises. The aim of this research on material systems for robotic construction is to develop a new and competitive construction method that makes full use of the malleable potential of concrete as a building material. A novel, spatial, robotic “weaving” method of a tensile active material that simultaneously acts as the form defining mould, folds two separate aspects of concrete -reinforcement and formwork-into one single robotic fabrication process (see Figure 1). This in-situ process could permit the fabrication of structurally differentiated, spatially articulated and material efficient buildings.
Dynamic Ornament: An Investigation of Responsive Thermochromic Surfaces in Architecture
Authors: Meagher Mark , van der Maas David , Abegg Christian , Huang Jeffrey
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the use of environmental sensor data as a basis for the design of architectural ornament that takes on a distinctive appearance in response to the atmospheric conditions where it is located. Among the goals of the project were the identification of inexpensive fabrication methods that could be used to build responsive surfaces at the scale of a room, and the identification of material and tectonic strategies for integrating dynamic information displays in buildings. A series of prototypes were constructed to explore the benefits and limitations of thermochromic ink as a material for visualizing dynamic data, and a method is proposed for building thermochromic surfaces based on printed circuit boards (PCB's) that is cost-effective and allows the fabrication of large surfaces through tiling. The limitations of this method include high power consumption, a short lifespan and difficulties in controlling the surface temperature.
The Nuit Blanche Pavilion; Using the Elasticity of Polymers for a Lightweight Structure
Authors: Riether Gernot
Published: October 2013

The Nuit Blanche Pavilion is a recent project by Gernot Riether in collaboration with artist Damien Valero. The project takes advantage of an elastic behavior found in high-density elastomers to form a lightweight structure that integrates form, geometry and program in a single material system. Grasshopper and the finite element plug-in Karamba were used to optimize these interdependencies. This paper will describe the design of the project and elaborate on an aspect of Riether's research that uses digital technology to promote environmentally responsible materials and construction methods.
Study on Dynamic Responses of a Screw-Type Pressure-Swirl Injector under Low Frequency Pressure Oscillation
Authors: Jin Yu-In , Yoon Hyun-Gull
Published: October 2013

Perturbations in the rate of fuel flow from the injector into the combustor can directly affect unsteady motions in the combustor. Therefore, understanding the dynamic characteristics of the injector is important in the effort to control these phenomena. An experimental study on the dynamic response of a pressure-swirl injector under low frequency pressure oscillation conditions was carried out using a pulse valve and the three-microphone technique. Liquid kerosene was used as the fuel and the fuel feed line was designed for fuel flow modulations up to 200 Hz. Acoustic pressure and specific acoustic impedance were obtained within the fuel feed line. The magnitude of the specific acoustic impedance with respect to frequencies was varied by the static pressure in the fuel tubing. A normalized fuel transfer function between mass flow rate and acoustic pressure fluctuations was obtained in the frequency range between 10 and 200 Hz. Its gain shows a tendency to increase with frequency. The phase of the normalized fuel flow rate fluctuation at the injector exit was also measured. The phase tends to decrease with increase in frequency, and it approaches 180 degrees out of phase with the pressure fluctuations at 200 Hz within the fuel feed line.
Experimental Characterization of Response of Lean Premixed Low-Swirl Flames to Acoustic Excitations
Authors: Bagheri-Sadeghi Nojan , Shahsavari Mohammad , Farshchi Mohammad
Published: October 2013

Acoustically excited lean premixed low-swirl flames were experimentally investigated to gain a better understanding of detrimental thermoacoustic couplings which can occur in applications like low-NOx gas turbines. Propane-air flames were imaged and analyzed at equivalence ratios of 0.6 to 0.8, mean flow velocities of 3.5 to 5.5 m/s and excitation frequencies of 135 Hz to 555 Hz. It was observed that with increasing excitation frequency, mean flame shape gradually became wider up to a Strouhal number of about 2.5 and then slowly reverted back to the unexcited flame shape. Such large changes in mean flame shape and possibly flow field under acoustic excitations can significantly affect flame dynamics. Increased heat release fluctuations were observed in the flame shear layer at Strouhal numbers from 1 to 2. Rolling up of the flame by vortices was suggested as a driving mechanism for these fluctuations which may lead to combustion instabilities.
Flame Response to Equivalence Ratio Fluctuations — Relationship between Chemiluminescence and Heat Release
Authors: Shreekrishna  , Acharya Vishal , Lieuwen Tim
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a comparative study of the global responses of heat release and chemiluminescence emissions of a laminar premixed flame excited by oscillations in fuel/air ratio. Chemiluminescence fluctuations are a commonly used marker of heat release oscillations in unsteady flames. While there is strong evidence of a good correlation between these two quantities in situations where the flame is excited by velocity oscillations, the situation is less well understood for cases where the excitation is due to fuel/air ratio oscillations. This is due to the fact that chemiluminescence is not only a function of the heat release rate, but also a strong function of the fuel/air ratio itself. This work attempts to assess this issue by theoretically evaluating linear transfer functions for the global chemiluminescence and heat release responses of the flame. It is shown that they are qualitatively similar in all cases, but that there are quantitative differences between the two that depend upon operating conditions, nominal flame geometry, and which radical species is being measured.
Design Optimisation of a Reconfigurable Perching Element for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Erbil Mehmet Ali , Prior Stephen D. , Keane Andrew J.
Published: October 2013

Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) multi-rotor rotary-wing vehicles face many challenges such as harsh weather conditions and low endurance which affect their overall performance and usability. The current usage of these types of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs) has changed to an urban and cluttered environment, which the larger fixed-wing UAVs cannot access and gain the required data. With interesting flight regimes such as perching, small man-portable UAVs have found their way into the military and the ever growing civilian sector. This paper aims to provide a method of setting design parameters for a reconfigurable perching element, which replaces the current landing gear on a VTOL UAV which has a maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of <1.5 kg. These design parameters are used to create concepts along with various different grasping methods to cover the design solution space. A weighted matrix method was applied for the design selection and optimisation process, where carefully selected criteria and weightings were chosen to give the VTOL UAV the ability to perch on top of lighting columns, which are a common form of street furniture found in most urban environments.
Laboratory Measurements of Breaking Wave Impact Pressures on a Slender Cylindrical Member
Authors: Manjula R. , Sannasiraj S.A. , Palanichamy K.
Published: October 2013

Slender cylindrical members form the major components of many of the coastal and offshore structures. These members are frequently subjected to breaking wave impact which often resulted in damages and failure of structures. In order to overcome this intricacy, it is essential to understand the physics of the breaking wave impact on offshore structural members and the resulting induced critical stresses. An experimental investigation has been carried out to measure the effect of breaking wave impact on a slender vertical cylinder. Simultaneous qualitative visual observations and quantitative pressure measurements were made to appreciate the impact induced effect. The induced impact pressure on the cylinder varies with the intensity of wave breaking and the relative location of the cylinder. The impact pressure is maximum when the wave profile reaches its maximum steepness just before the crest destabilization. Impact pressure observed due to a severe plunging wave is about nine times higher than due to spilling. The pressure rise time is found to be an important parameter in dictating the nature of impact.
Impact of Diurnal Variation of Winds on Coastal Waves off South East Coast of India
Authors: Remya P G , Kumar Raj
Published: October 2013

The land-sea breeze systems, the most interesting phenomena observed at coastal regions, have significant impact on the costal wave characteristics. Present study also focuses the diurnal variations of winds and its impact on wave parameters like significant wave height and mean wave period off Ennore port located in the south east coast of India The impact of the diurnal variation of winds on complex wave patterns in the coastal regions of Indian Ocean have been addressed earlier also. In the present study an attempt has been made to explore the impact of diurnal variation of winds on coastal waves using numerical model forced with European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) blended wind fields. It has been observed that most of the time, the ECMWF blended wind field reproduces the diurnal variation.
Hydrodynamic Response of Tension Leg Platforms with Perforated Members
Authors: Chandrasekaran Srinivasan , Madhavi N. , Sampath Saravanakumar
Published: October 2013

Tension-Leg Platforms (TLPs) are commonly preferred offshore structures for the deep-water oil exploration. Their reduced response to the encountered waves is achieved by their compliancy. This innovative structural design dampens the vertical motion (heave) of the platform but the large horizontal movements (surge, sway and yaw motion) cause inconvenience to the people on board, though the platform remains stable for the operational sea state. Coastal and offshore structures are constructed with the protective perforated layers mainly to reduce the direct impact caused by the waves. Present study highlights the detailed experimental investigations carried out on the scaled model of the TLP with the perforated members under regular waves. Based on the experimental investigations, it is seen that there is a significant reduction in the dynamic response of the TLP with the perforated columns. Encompassing column members with the perforated outer cover is seen as one of the effective method of retrofitting offshore structures to improve their serviceability.
Lower Bounds to Future Sea-Level Rise
Authors: Parker Albert
Published: October 2013

Many recent papers claim that the climate model-based projections made until the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) yielding a 21st century rise spanning nearly 20–60 cm are likely to underestimate sea-level change in response to rapid climatic variations. These authors project the sea-level rise of 2100 and beyond with semi-empirical methods coupled to a simple climate model finding that sea level is predicted to rise by at least ∼ 80 cm at the end of this century and is expected to continue rising for at least the next two hundred years. It is pointed out in this comment that there has been so far no sign in any measured quantity of the positive acceleration predicted by the climate models since the 1990 and the lower bounds to sea level rises in the next few decades in every worldwide location are therefore simply the continuation of the linear trend locally measured up to present.
Experimental Studies on Low Crested Rubble Mound, Semicircular Breakwaters and Vertical Wall System
Authors: Kudumula Sreenivasa Reddy , Mutukuru Muni Reddy G.
Published: October 2013

Submerged and low-crested breakwaters have been widely used as wave energy dissipaters along the coastline. Efficiency of the submerged breakwater depends on crest free board, crest width and its permeability. In the present study, interaction of the regular waves with the vertical wall, offshore low-crested rubble mound breakwater and perforated semicircular breakwater is investigated. Wave forces on vertical wall, transmission in the pool and the reflection from combined system are measured. The main aim of the present study is to know the hydrodynamic performance of the low-crested breakwaters. Maximum reduction of wave forces on the vertical wall was observed for zero submergence condition and longer pool length. Performance of semi circular low-crested breakwater was investigated in terms of energy loss coefficient which includes transmission and reflection coefficients.
Commentary—On “Equilibrium Returns Policies in the Presence of Supplier Competition”
Authors: Lan Yongquan , Li Yanzhi , Hua Zhongsheng
Published: October 2013

The recent article by Bandyopadhyay and Paul [Bandyopadhyay S, Paul AA (2010) Equilibrium returns policies in the presence of supplier competition. Marketing Sci. 29(5):846–857] searched for an explanation for the phenomenon the authors termed the “Pasternack paradox,” i.e., why full-credit return policies, which were considered suboptimal from the perspective of channel coordination, are prevalent in practice. The authors argued that the underlying reason is that it is the competition between suppliers rather than the coordination among channel members that dominates business practice. We show that their model actually fails to generate the claimed results. Counterexamples are given. Alternative explanations are therefore needed for the seemingly suboptimal business practice.
Online Display Advertising: Modeling the Effects of Multiple Creatives and Individual Impression Histories
Authors: Braun Michael , Moe Wendy W.
Published: October 2013

Online advertising campaigns often consist of multiple ads, each with different creative content. We consider how various creatives in a campaign differentially affect behavior given the targeted individual's ad impression history, as characterized by the timing and mix of previously seen ad creatives. Specifically, we examine the impact that each ad impression has on visiting and conversion behavior at the advertised brand's website. We accommodate both observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity and take into account correlations among the rates of ad impressions, website visits, and conversions. We also allow for the accumulation and decay of advertising effects, as well as ad wearout and restoration effects. Our results highlight the importance of accommodating both the existence of multiple ad creatives in an ad campaign and the impact of an individual's ad impression history. Simulation results suggest that online advertisers can increase the number of website visits and conversions by varying the creative content shown to an individual according to that person's history of previous ad impressions. For our data, we show a 12.7% increase in the expected number of visits and a 13.8% increase in the expected number of conversions.
The directions of increasing financial stability of municipal budgets
Authors: Tajibaeva Kizlargul
Published: October 2013

The research is devoted to study inter-budgetary relations in the case of Karakalpakstan. The question of providing stable municipal budget, the mechanisms of tax share, the problems of effectiveness and transparency in budget system are studied. The ways of solution of problems in inter-budgetary relations are suggested. The data analysis and statistical grouping are the main methods of research in this paper. The research is pioneer to study public finance problems in the case of Karakalpakistan where difficult social and ecological problems needed to be managed.
Applying Activity Based Costing In Tourism Services In Uzbekistan
Authors: Eshtaev Alisher
Published: October 2013

The paper studied opportunities of applying activity based costing and management (ABCM) at tourism firms in Uzbekistan. The present accounting practice is analyzed and critically studied, the scientific research done to show the advantages and disadvantages of using present methods of accounting, and need to implementation of more responsive and innovative financial settings in today’s dynamic business environment is proven. The methods of Cooper’s 2-stage implementation, Activity-Product-Dependence matrix by Roztocki  were used for Planet Tour Co. ABCM is recommended as accurate cost management of products or services in tourism firms in Uzbekistan.
Prospects Of Microfinance Development In Uzbekistan: Issues And Solutions
Authors: Tadjibaeva Dildora
Published: October 2013

Rendering the microfinance services (in the form of microcredits, microloans, microleasing and others) to the poor households, micro- and small businesses is still an important tool to reduce poverty as well as create more income generation and employment opportunities in countries with the developing and/or transition economies as Uzbekistan. Due to efforts of the Uzbek Government and international donors for the last 15 years, the microfinance sector could become a separate financial segment and address above-mentioned needs in progressive manner. On the other hand, the sector has relatively small share in the composition of financial mediation and its further development requires also consideration of such socio-economic and administrative factors as urbanization process along with uneven development of microfinance sector, acceleration of workforce growth due to increasing youth, the need for government’s transition away from costly poverty control methods, etc. Based on the sector development analysis by concurrent reviewing of these factors the paper reveals the lack of diversified sources of resources for microfinance institutions (MFIs), stiffness of regulatory framework, the need for improving the sector infrastructure in terms of covering credit risks, building up sector’s capacity in covering operational risks. Beside quantitative indicators for prospective development of the sector the paper also discusses qualitative areas to be stressed on to fill the identified gaps.
Agricultural Financial Market In Uzbekistan, Its Condition And Perspectives For Small And Medium Size Businesses
Authors: Khalmirzaeva Dilbar
Published: October 2013

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between financial market development and agricultural sector in Uzbekistan. Research tries to answer these questions an empirical way and tries to clear questions in a role of financial development as also other variables in agrarian sector. Results of this research show that the financial market in agrarian sector has some weak places.
An Analysis Of The Relationship Between The Elements Encouraging Innovation And Innovation Performance For Smes
Authors: Kayabaşı Aydın , Duran Cengiz , Çetindere Aysel
Published: October 2013

A holistic approach and innovative point of view are needed for getting integrated into global markets and initiating a structure of global norms; and also for developing goods and services appropriate for the needs of specific markets thus gaining a share of world trade. Making use of the potential opportunities emerging due to the reflections of the rapid changes and preventing potential threats resulting in the sustainability of the enterprise are of the primary objectives. Analyzing the studies on innovation management aimed at these primary objectives proves that the technological aspect and human factor play a leading role in innovation management. Moreover, as for the evaluations concerning integration of innovation management with other disciplines, technological sources and information management are apparently the most influential ones. In addition, technology used by the organization, leadership, team management, carrier management and productivity culture can also be analyzed under the innovative structure. In this study, the elements encouraging innovation will be discussed; furthermore, it is intended to establish an integrated aspect of technology and human in innovation management making use of the modeling designed to determine the innovation performance. These elements seem to be important factors of organizational structure. Technology management and human factor, which constitute two fundamental factors of innovation management, will be discussed under two different titles and their relationship with innovation management and with each other will be analyzed in detail. This study will be performed as a field study.
Problems And Horizons Of Business Processes Logistization In Ukraine
Authors: Skrypnychenko Yulia
Published: October 2013

The article studies current Ukrainian market from the viewpoint of implementation of logistic approaches in home economy. There are shown both negative and positive tendencies of the process; place of logistics in the country progress is determined. Theoretic approaches to the new “logistization” category originated within post-Soviet countries while implementing logistic approaches in business processes are studied.
Methodological Issues For Evaluating The Efficiency Of Management Of Insurance Company
Authors: Umarov Sunnat
Published: October 2013

The paper considers the possibility of using a systematic approach to performance appraisal practice management. The author clarifies the content of management, discloses goals, objectives, efficiency of management units from the position of the achievement of goals by owner of an insurance company.
Optimization Of Production Resources, The Effective Functioning Of Small Farm Patterns
Authors: Viktorovna Kuznetsova Inna
Published: October 2013

The article proves that any commercial farm unit may become commercially viable and economically promising, on the basis of one’s own current capabilities. A methodology is proposed for small farm patterns, that allows to optimize their resources provision both from the point of view of the solution of a task to a maximum of gross income and during the statement of the problem on the economical payback of additional involvement of basic production resources.
Business-State Partnership As A Basis Of Social Responsibility Implementation
Authors: Shapoval Valentina
Published: October 2013

The studies help improving scientific notations as to content of the business-state interaction from the viewpoint of implementation of social responsibility principles. Among other things it is proved that system making role concerning formal state institutions belongs to the state, and business is the key link providing sound integration of community, essence and progress of social responsibility. It is shown that social responsibility as a result of the interaction has synergetic effect helping state and business community to meet both own requirements and corresponding requirements of community. Besides it gives them ability of active interaction on their account, and it motivates mutual responsibility of business and state to community as well as taking into consideration concerns of businessmen in economic and social domains.
Viewpoints About Potential Stimulation And Possibilities Of Investments On Textile Industry Uzbekistan
Authors: Madjidov Shakhrukh , Khakimov Bekhzod
Published: October 2013

Uzbek light industry, in particular, the textile sector is one of the strategically  important  and dynamic  sectors of  the national economy. Textile industry of Uzbekistan possesses high  ranks in the sectors directed to exportation, therefore it contains wide specter of export ranging from thread up to ready­made product (made of stockinet, sewing, silk and carpet cloth).  Contemporarily textile industry gains the fifth rank in the gross domestic product contribution and a third of all the workers in the field of industry is occupied in textile. Uzbek light industry still has significant untapped investment potential, all the conditions for  the further rapid growth. Necessary to  increase the production of  goods for  the domestic market to meet the growing needs of the population. This requires investment in  projects for  the production of finished cotton fabrics, blended fabrics, silk fabrics, garments and knitwear for  the establishment of mobile industries with mandatory formation in their composition structures, responsible for design, marketing, quick  changeovers production with fashion and demand.In the foreseeable future for the light industry remains a key role  in  the development  of  industrial  production  in  the country. Experts believe that more needs to  be done to develop the significant potential that lies in the light industry of the country.
Aspects Of Knowledge Work Assessment Within Corporations
Authors: Mouhabbat Garifullina , Svetlana Yudina
Published: October 2013

Global economic changes cause certain problems of knowledge work assessment. The authors of this article offers three interrelated and interdependent block of corporate knowledge work assessment. Assessment of knowledge workflow complexity may be considered as the most important and fundamental element of the whole system of knowledge work evaluation as the basis of staff remuneration employed in knowledge work. In order to this definition has acquired the application meaning of the level of knowledge workflow complexity must be measured with parameters describing next characteristics.
Bronchofiberscopy (Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy) In Treatment Of Bronchial Fistulas After The Pneumonectomy
Authors: Nazyrov F , Porkhanov V , Khudaybergenov Sh , Irisov О
Published: October 2013

The  problem  of  prophylaxis  of  incompetence  of  bronchialstump and bronchial fistula is many sided. Notwithstandingthe development of new technologies, perfection of surgicaltechnique,  its  frequency  still  remains  on  high  level  thatpersistently  requests  the  search  of  new  ways  for  resolving this problem, which preserved its topicality till nowadays. We have found that: The most efficiency of BFS is achieved during treatment of bronchial fistulas with diameter up to 3mm and with effectiveness at 83.2% patients after right­sidePE and at 92.3% patients after left­side PE.In case of BPF with diameter more than 3 mm the numberof satisfactory results of BFS reaches only 33.3%. but, it isnecessary  to  mention  that  among  patients  with  BPF  sized over  3  mm  after  left­side  PE  the  effectiveness  of  BFS significantly  exceeds  as  general  index  (50.0%  against 33.3%) so after right­side PE (50.0% against 25.0%).
Sphincterpreserving Operations In Lower Ampullar Cancer Of The Rectum
Authors: Hakimov A , Bobokulov H
Published: October 2013

The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum.The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in  2005-2009 years 142 patients were  performed radical operations,  64 (45,1%) patients  were  performed sphincterpreserving operations – abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of  patients  - 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were  performed abdomeno - perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age - 54,2 years.The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER.The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T2-3 in localization of the lower pole of  tumors, not below1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in  location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA  in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved  in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrence-free and not metastatic period, one-year death-rate, three-year survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER.
The Disease Girshprunga Beside Adult: Modern Approaches To Diagnostics, Treatment.
Authors: Mirzahmedov M , Ahmedov M , Sapaev D
Published: October 2013

The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%).  19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years.         The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed - beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations - 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick - rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)- rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick - subtotalis  form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) - аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipo- or aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga прослежены from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory.  In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) - satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result.
Diagnostics And Choice Of Treatment Approach In Colic Polyps And Polyposis
Authors: Sapaev D , Navruzov S , Rakhmanov S , Kurbonov O , Mirzakhmedov M
Published: October 2013

Colonic polyps and polyposis are studied in 183 patients. It has been found, that sensitivity of rectoscopy is 66.7%, irrigoscopy – 61.1%, virtual colonoscopy computer-aided tomography of colon (VCCATC) – 79.1%. Endoscopic polypectomy was the main treatment method used in patents with colonic polyps and polyposis (18.6%). In cases of surgical treatment (57.9%) – in patients with total involvement of colon - colproctectomy with formation of ileal reservoir can be considered as the method of choice.
Ffects Of Mntnhex-2-Pyp On Markers Of Inflammation And Lipid Peroxidation In Asthma Mice Model
Authors: Shopova Veneta Lyubenova , Terziev Lyudmil Georgiev , Dancheva Violeta Yordanova , Stavreva Galya Tzvetanova , Atanasova Milena Atanasova , Stoyanova Angelina Milcheva , Lukanov Tzvetan Hristophorov
Published: October 2013

Background and objective: Iinvestigation of the effects of MnTnHex-2-PyP on some markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation in an asthma mice model.Methods: The experiment was carried out on 24 female mice C57Bl/6, divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin (OVA); group 3, treated with MnTnHex-2-PyP and group 4, treated with OVA and MnTnHex-2-PyP. The animals from groups 1 and 3 were injected i.p. on days 0 and 14 with a 100 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and those from groups 2 and 4 were injected with a 100 μl ovalbumin solution, containing 20 μg OVA. On days 24, 25 and 26 the mice from groups 1 and 2 were inhaled with PBS for 30 min, and those from groups 2 and 4 were given a 1% ovalbumin solution. One hour before inhalation, and 12 hours later the animals from groups 1 and 2 were injected i.p. with 100 μl PBS, and those from groups 3 and 4 received a 100 μl MnTnHex-2-Pyp solution in PBS сontaining 0.05mg/kg.Results: Ovalbumin alone (group 2) increased the total cell number, total protein content, the levels of IL-4, IL-5 and 8-isoprostane in bronchoalveolar lavage. Elevations were observed in IgE level in serum, and the malone dialdehyde (MDA) content in the lung homogenate. These markers were decreased significantly in group 4 as compared to the OVA group.Conclusions: MnTnHex-2-Pyp reduces the inflammation and lipid peroxidation in Ovalbumin-induced mice asthma model.
Genetic Variants That Participate In Oxidation Processes And/Or Oxidative Stress And Are Associated With Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pepalyte Ingrida , Kučinskiene Zita Aušrele , Grigalionienė Kristina , Petrulionienė Žaneta , Dženkevičiūtė Vilma , Bagdonaitė Loreta , Kučinskas Vaidutis
Published: October 2013

Motivation. Our previous study showed differences in the atherosclerosis phenotype between Lithuanian and Swedish men that could be influenced by complementary factors, namely oxidation processes and/or oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mainstream biological pathways inducing and maintaining the atherosclerotic process by analyzing genetic biomarkers particularly in inflammatory and metabolic pathways where the main focus is laid on the oxidation process.Methods. There were 32 families recruited for the study and clinical as well as biochemical analyses were performed. For genetic analysis 150 SNPs in 89 genes were selected in order to construct a micro-array based on Arrayed Primer Extension (APEX) genotyping technology. Genotyping was carried out in 28 families and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), sibling-TDT (S-TDT), and combined analysis were performed.Results. Clinical and biochemical analysis revealed that probands with premature CAD were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and were male with high body mass index. Genetic analysis showed six SNPs statistically significantly associated with the atherosclerosis phenotype in the candidate genes ITGA2, IL1B, ALOX5A, OR13G1, MMP9 and NFKB1. These genes belong to different biological pathways: trombocyte adhesion and vessel damage, inflammation response, cholesterol and lypoxygenase metabolic pathway and nutrition.Conclusions. Generalized clinical, biochemical, bioinformatical and candidate genes’ association results support our hypothesis and indicate that the oxidation process may be of key importance in the formation of atherosclerosis.
Determination of Ketoconazole in tablets by using three different methods
Authors: Gjorgjeska Biljana
Published: October 2013

Ketoconazole has been widely used as an antifungal drug  that is formulated as tablets, cream and over­the­counter ketoconazole shampoo. The aim of this research was to study and to standardize an ultraviolet spectrophotometric (UVS) method, potentiometric  and a high  performance  liquid  chromatographic  (HPLC) method  for  the determination  of ketoconazole in commercially available Oromycosal® tablets. These three methods were compared and discussed with respect to  their  sensitivity,  selectivity  and ready­applicability  in  routine  analytical  work.   Absorption  spectra and spectrophotometric determinations were carried out on the UVS spectrophotometer. Investigated concentrations were in range from  0.003 to  0.02mg?dm­3. The absorbance was measured at 224  nm.  In potentiometric  titrations  glass  and saturated (KCl) calomel electrode were used. HPLC analyses of ketoconazole were carried in the presence of econazole as internal standard. It can be concluded that the described methods are simple, fast and reliable for determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. The preparation of the samples is easy, the excipients do not  interfere in the methods, so they can be used in routine quality control analysis.
Immunogenetic Aspects Of Pathogenesis Of Chronic Hcv-Infection (Review)
Authors: Karimov Khamid , Azimova Sevara , Iriskulov Bakhtiyor
Published: October 2013

Viral hepatitis B and C is a relevant issue because of high prevalence and degree of chronicity, late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Today, protein products of numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis of viral pathology of the liver. In this review, the authors analyzed 42 literature sources on genetic basis of susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Study of the role of immunogenetic factors is of great practical importance to develop methods for predicting outcomes of viral hepatitis.
Comparative Demographics And Studies Of The Labor Market In The Rural Area Of The Region Of Gjirokastra
Authors: Sinani Albina
Published: October 2013

Limitation of engagements in different jobs of active population in 2001 provoked a high level of unemployment up to 21.0%, 16.4% in rural area and 27.2% in urban ones, higher in number for females in city. Gjirokastra has a high level of hidden agrarian unemployment (20.9%), meanwhile Përmeti has the lowest level in the region (10.7% in villages). Commune of Frashër has the lowest level in whole country (22.7%), and in the region and city level with 0.7%. High level of agrarian unemployment has increased the level of poverty up to 56.3% in villages and 30.3% city, has decreased the trade balance of regional economy, with deformations in socio economic strata of population. According to the education level, are dominant unemployed people that have fulfilled only 8 year of obligatory education 58.3% and those with high level of education 35.6%, meanwhile those with a university degree consist in 4.3% of the total number.  Are dominant the unemployed people of group age 15-29 years old with 54.2% and 30-44 years old with 36.1%. During period of time 1999-2004, registered unemployed people who were looking for a job were decreased up to 54.1%, 37.7% for females, especially in Gjirokastra district with 61.7%. According to the registration of agricultural economic units, are noticed very big differences. The district of Gjirokastra has the biggest number of hidden agrarian unemployment (63.2%). Among 26 communes of Gjirokastra region the highest level of hidden agrarian unemployment it belong to communes of Pogon (74.6%), Dropull i Poshtëm (70.9%), Dropull i Sipërm (70.8%), Lunxhëri (69.6%), Odrie (66.5%) and Luftinjë (60.7 %). According to INSTAT, in the rural area during period of time 2001-2004 the index of population able to work is decreased with 6.7%,level of activity is increased with  23.0%,  level of employment is increased with 19.9%  and the level of unemployment is decreased with 0.8%, where positive figures belong to district of Tepelena. These differences depend on net migration of agrarian population, from the villages of mountainous areas toward the cities of the region and urban regions of our country and outside of it.
Socialization Through Teacher Talk In An English Bilingual Class
Authors: Xheko Blerta
Published: October 2013

This paper analyses the language practices of a teacher in an English bilingual class. The children were learning English in Year One of elementary school. The teacher consistently spoke English with the children. The description of the teacher's talk shows how she used English for classroom management, for instructions, for teaching subject content and for personal exchanges. The analysis reveals the significance of ongoing classroom activities for language learning. English was spoken in contexts familiar to students and consistent with and coherent with school practices. Students heard and observed English as part of normal classroom activities. English was embedded in the social practices of classroom encounters. The paper proposes that children's experiences of classroom talk socialize them into the discourses of classroom activities and of school subjects. The children learnt English through observation and participation. This was a process of apprenticeship into using English for making meaning in social practices. From this perspective, the children were learning to mean in English through their participation in the social practices of the class.
Political And Economic Approach Of Women Working In Executive Levels In The Service Sector: Ankara State Opera And Ballet (Asob) Case
Authors: Akansel Ilkben
Published: October 2013

Political economy is related to how capitalist system works by means of distribution of economical and cultural sources which has also a connection between the circumstances of women’s working life. Because hegemony, which is reflected to hegemony’s ideology, constitutes its force by the mediation of the concepts: ‘discrimination’ and ‘segregation’. This force sometimes can effect women as both earning much less in some labor-force market, facing to harassment etc. and being obstructed to get top-level managerial positions in which institutes their work by means of political economy point of view.In this study, we will examine the art sector which is one of the sub-branches of service sector in the labor-force market. Our case is Ankara State Opera and Ballet (ASOB). In this case, we aim to display how the institution is founded, and accepted as a part of modernization with the beginning of Republic of Turkey and changed especially by means of political approaches in the last years.While doing this, we will elaborate the concepts of ‘discrimination’ and ‘segregation’ which issues women face in the labor-force market. Then, we will relate these three concepts with Antonio Gramsci’s ‘hegemony’ and Louis Althusser’s ‘ideology’, Michel Foucault’s ‘power’  and we will examine how women are assigned to the executive positions in the case of institution which we have chosen.We will study the circumstances which may be narrowed as; whether women are permitted to work in the top-level management or not, how many women have been worked in the top-level management in the history of the institution, if quantity has a meaning or not etc., by means of political economy.By the mediation of aforementioned subjects, we will analyse the reasons of women being prevented to work in the top-level management in the working life by economical, political and social aspects. Consequently, we will elaborate how political economy, in which implemented whole society's structure, creates hindrances for women in the working life.
The State of the Field in Applied Cognitive Technologies
Authors: Stock Steven E. , Davies Daniel K. , Gillespie Thomas
Published: October 2013

Applied Cognitive Technologies provide supports that enable people with cognitive disabilities to achieve greater inclusion across virtually all life domains. This article provides a snapshot, as it were, of the state of the field pertaining to critical areas of the newly emerging field of applied cognitive technology, specifically: smartphones/mobile devices, GPS and wayfinding technologies, web access, smart homes/remote monitoring, apps and cloud computing, and social media/social networks. In addition to practical information intended to be of use to people with disabilities and their support systems, recommendations for further research areas are presented throughout the article to encourage other researchers, graduate students, and others interested in furthering the field. A conclusion section discusses the overall state of adoption and further research needs to continue pursuit of the potential of widespread benefit from a field of applied cognitive technology.
Evaluation of a GPS-Based System for Supporting Independent Use of Public Transportation by Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Stock Steven E. , Davies Daniel K. , Hoelzel Leslie A. , Mullen Rene J.
Published: October 2013

People with intellectual disability often have support needs related to navigating their communities using public transportation. Specialized transportation resources such as paratransit programs or adult service agency transportation are costly and generally non-inclusive. This paper describes a study examining the impact of a GPS-based system called WayFinder operating on mainstream smartphone device on the independent use of public transportation systems by people with intellectual disability. Specifically, the impact of the system on number of training trials for independent navigation of a novel bus route (vs. traditional training procedures) and generalization to another novel route were examined. Additionally, the bus ridership and financial impacts were examined in a city where a provider organization and the public bus system were adopting WayFinder to support people with intellectual disability to access fixed-route bus systems. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are described.
The Rights of People With Cognitive Disabilities to Technology and Information Access
Authors: Braddock David , Hoehl Jeffery , Tanis Shea , Ablowitz Enid , Haffer Laura
Published: October 2013

Information and communication technologies are ubiquitous and valuable tools for billions of people worldwide today. Yet people with cognitive disabilities, particularly individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, have quite limited access to such technologies. This article presents the case for mounting significant efforts to advance the rights of millions of people with cognitive disabilities to technology and information access. A formal statement of these rights is presented, formulated by professionals and consumers representing a variety of disciplines and perspectives. The statement is currently endorsed by numerous national, state and local organizations in the developmental disabilities field in the United States. Your comments and participation are invited and appreciated.