bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SEPTIC TANKS
Authors: Alfandi Brian , Mukmin M. Ali , Rosyati Ria , Abadiyah Siti
Published: October 2024

In many communities in Indonesia, there are still many areas where their homes do not have a toilet (water closet) that meets hygiene and health requirements. This is caused by many factors, including because there are still many people who live below the poverty line, both economically poor and poor in knowledge (human resources). Procurement of toilets (water closets) which also include a septic tank system with a minimum output that is environmentally friendly and of course cost efficient is very necessary to improve public health. Based on the description above, this research was created in order to provide procurement and development of efficient and environmentally friendly septic tanks. This research is very necessary because of the discovery of an efficient alternative material by using used drums which can be used as septic tanks in Lampung, but it has not deepened the issue of waste output that is safe for the environment. This research was carried out using a constructivist qualitative method with assistance from DIGILIB Digital Library & OPAC UB sources. is at Brawijaya University Malang, where the author is registered as a student in the environmental science doctoral program at Brawijaya University Malang.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DISASTER RISKS: OPTIMIZING ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (ECO-DRAINAGE) TO PREVENT FLOODING AND OVERFLOW IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN KARAWANG REGENCY
Authors: Amal Bahar , Purnama Dicki Dian , Nurkhaerani Fatma , Pebrian Alipia , Al Jamilah Farda Mariam
Published: October 2024

Urban drainage is a network system for waste disposal in urban areas that functions to manage or control surface water, so that it does not disrupt or harm the community and provides benefits for human activities. This research aims to create synergy and steps for the implementation of eco-drainage in the urban characteristic conditions of Karawang Regency. The method used involves data collection through observation, interviews, historical data analysis, and mapping based on SNI Number 02-2406-1991 regarding the General Planning Procedures for Urban Drainage. The research results indicate that the Eco drain infrastructure consists of 7 elements, namely rainwater harvesting, infiltration wells, retention ponds, trash filters, bioremediation, biofilters, and water quality treatment using constructed wetlands. Meanwhile, the local government of Karawang Regency does not yet have the infrastructure to implement eco-drainage. After conducting an analysis, it was determined that among the 7 elements of eco-drainage, rainwater harvesting is the most needed to address the issues of flooding and drought in the Karawang area. The research results also include calculations and explanations regarding the Eco drain facilities for rainwater collection on a land scale and environmental/community storage tanks, as well as the quality of rainwater in Indonesia.
RELEVANCE OF BUILDING ENGINEERING EDUCATION CURRICULUM TOWARDS SKKNI BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES
Authors: Subiyantari Ansheila Rusyda , Gazali Abdhy , Handoyo Santoso Sri , Arifah Shilmi
Published: October 2024

Indonesia's rapidly growing construction industry is a key economic driver, presenting both challenges and opportunities for graduates of the Building Engineering Education Program. Higher education plays a crucial role in developing competent human resources with the relevant knowledge, skills, and expertise to meet industry needs. This study maps the qualifications of technicians and analysts based on the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) in the construction sector and analyzes the alignment of competency units with Building Engineering Education State University of Jakarta course outcomes. The analysis of SKKNI data from 2024 found that out of 71 job levels in the building subclassification, 14 are for technicians or analysts at KKNI levels 4 to 6, but only 10 have detailed SKKNI documents. In the construction management classification, there are 39 job levels, with 16 for technicians/analysts, all with detailed SKKNI documents. The analysis indicates that 11 job levels are relevant to Building Engineering Education course outcomes, while two are not. Specifically, several job levels in both subclassifications are rated from Relevant to Very Relevant. To address curriculum gaps, recommendations include strengthening the existing curriculum and adding new courses. This study aims to provide a foundation for curriculum revitalization, ensuring Building Engineering Education graduates are competitive in the labor market and meet the evolving needs of the construction industry.
Identifying Predictors of Successful Conversion from OREF Grants to Extramural Federal Funding Among Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Li Alan K. , Kendal Joseph K. , Hamad Christopher D. , Peterson Nicholas V. , Asachi Parsa , Taylor Jeremiah M. , Le Michael M. , Lloyd Trevor S. , Wessel Lauren E. , Bernthal Nicholas M.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Musculoskeletal diseases are a major contributor to global human disability, but research in this area of medicine contends with chronic underfunding in the United States, receiving <2% of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget. The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) serves as a vital nongovernmental organization, providing essential support for orthopaedic research. This study investigated the translation of various OREF grants into successful extramural federal funding discerning the clinician demographics and OREF award characteristics associated with increased chances of securing federal grants.

Methods:

We included OREF data from 1994 to 2020, and federal funding from the NIH, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was queried using publicly available databases: the NIH RePORTER, the DoD Defense Technical Information Center, the NSF search engine, and the AHRQ search engine. Clinician demographics and training were collected from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons roster and institution departmental websites. The successful translation of OREF grants into federal awards was assessed based on clinician gender, training, and specialty, as well as OREF grant mechanisms and characteristics; multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood of federal translation based on these predictor variables.

Results:

Three hundred and forty-eight OREF grants were awarded to 319 different clinicians, 23.5% of whom successfully translated their award into a federal grant. Notably, recipients of the OREF Career Development Grant (CDG) demonstrated a 48.4% translation rate to federal funding. The federal return on investment for all of the OREF grants averaged 503%, translating approximately $34 million in OREF awards into >$200 million in federal funding. Logistic regression revealed that recipients who received CDG funding, as well as orthopaedic oncologists, were more than 3 times as likely to secure federal funding than those who received grants with other mechanisms and those in other subspecialties.

Conclusions:

OREF fills a vital role in supporting budding orthopaedic research careers, ensuring the field’s competitiveness for federal awards on a national scale. The success rates, particularly for CDG recipients, highlight OREF’s effectiveness in identifying promising surgeon-scientists.
Simultaneous detection of six major virulent genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from seafood by multiplex PCR and its validation through spiked study
Authors: Rajan Preenanka , Mohammed P. Safeena
Published: October 2024

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), mainly the serotype O157:H7 is a global concern in foodborne outbreaks,. The incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in seafood sold in India has been reported as 8.4%. The conventional method for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 from seafood is cumbersome and time consuming making this strain particularly challenging to detect. In this study a multiplex PCR was developed targeting six major virulence factors of the pathogen viz. shigatoxin 1 and 2, attachment and effacement factor, flagellar antigen, hemolysin gene and O157 antigen. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR developed in the study was found to be 120 pg μl-1 of DNA and that of E. coli 0157:H7 spiked samples was 2 cfu ml-1. The multiplex PCR developed in this study showed 100% specificity in identifying E. coli O157:H7, effectively distinguishing it from non-target bacteria. This highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR is the first of its kind to detect E. coli O157:H7 in seafood by targeting six major virulence genes.
Keywords: E. coli O157:H7, EHEC, Foodborne pathogen, Seafood, Sensitivity, Shigatoxin, Specificity
Fish community structure in relation to habitat variables in a seasonally open floodplain wetland of the Yamuna River basin of India
Authors: Shyamal Chandra Sukla Das  , Absar Alam  , Dharm Nath Jha  , Vijay Kumar  , B. K.  Bhattacharjya  , B. K.  Das
Published: October 2024

The study was carried out in Alwara wetland, a seasonally open floodplain wetland connected to the Yamuna River in the Kaushambi District of Uttar Pradesh, - to estimate the fish community structure in relation to habitat variables across three seasons. Altogether, 62 fish species comprising 9 orders, 23 families and 50 genera were recorded, including 5 exotic species. As per IUCN categorisation, 5 species viz., Wallago attu, Ompok bimaculatus, O. pabda, Chitala chitala and Ailia coila are near threatened and Clarias magur is endangered. Cypriniformes (40.32%) were the most dominant order, followed by Siluriformes (22.58%), Perciformes (19.35%), Synbranchiformes (4.84%), Clupeiformes and Mugiliformes (3.23%), Tetraodontiformes and Beloniformes (1.61%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.421 (post-monsoon) to 3.877 (monsoon) with an uneven abundance of fishes as indicated by the evenness index (post-monsoon = 0.6951 to monsoon = 0.8186). Water quality parameters were significantly (p<0.05) different across the seasons except specific conductivity, silicate-Si, phosphate-P, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Certain sediment quality parameters differed significantly (p<0.05) across the seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to study the association of 27 commercially important fish species with 6 important water quality parameters and provided the baseline information on fish community structure. We observed growth and recruitment overfishing, which may affect fish diversity and its sustainable utilisation to support fishers’ livelihoods.
Keywords: Alwara wetland, Diversity indices, Fish community, Endangered, Overfishing
Temporal dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) changes and assessment of environmental and climatic parameters using remote sensing and GIS: A case study in Limboti Reservoir, Loha Taluka, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patro K. Suresh Kumar , Vinod Kumar Yadav  , Waghmare Sneha Dadarao  , Arpita Sharma
Published: October 2024

In this study, multispectral satellite data from Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS was used to analyse Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change detection and to retrieve environmental parameters. The LULC change detection was done between 2007 and 2021. This study used the supervised classification-maximum likelihood approach in ArcGIS 10.3 software to detect LULC in Loha Taluka, Maharashtra. The taluka was classified into four major LULC classes, viz. water, vegetation, settlement and barren-land. Changes in LULC directly or indirectly will also induce a change in the environmental parameters. Environmental parameters (water surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids) were analysed for Limboti Reservoir. Data were predicted for next two years (2022 and 2023) using multiplicative seasonal decomposition and Holt-Winter’s multiplicative method and trends of each parameter were analysed using Mann-Kendall trend method. For both years, vegetative land was the most extensive LC in Loha Taluka, accounting for more than 60% of the total land area. However, throughout these years, urbanisation was rampant and vegetative land was converted to settlement. In these years, open water resources such as reservoirs, lakes and rivers covered a very small percentage of the total area, which is a serious threat to the ecosystem. As a result, proper water body management is essential; otherwise, these resources will be destroyed and will no longer be able to contribute to the area’s socioeconomic growth.
 
Keywords: Change detection, Chlorophyll content, Land use land cover, Water quality, Water surface temperature
Architectural development of a land-attached carbonate platform in the African–Arabian Desert Belt: the late Pleistocene to Holocene evolution of the Al Wajh Platform, NE Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Putri Indah , Petrovic Alexander , Ariza-Fuentes Manuel , Sorrentino Rangelys , Perbawa Andika , Vahrenkamp Volker
Published: October 2024

Carbonate platform architectures are indicators of environmental changes, such as sea level, climatic variations, and tectonic influence, which all control platform evolution. While analog studies on modern carbonate platforms have predominantly focused on tropical settings, limited attention has been given to arid and semiarid environments, although many ancient carbonate sequences were developed under these settings. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the Al Wajh carbonate platform lagoon in the NE Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, using geophysical and remote-sensing data to unravel its architecture and development since the last interglacial highstand (MIS 5e). We collected and analyzed sub-bottom profiles extending over 675 km and airborne lidar multibeam bathymetry data covering an area of 1700 km2. Surface sediment samples and vibracores with a maximum penetration of three meters were integrated to strengthen our interpretation. Furthermore, a recently published Red Sea sea-level curve was used to establish an age model and supplemented by available climate data to reconstruct depositional models. The Al Wajh lagoon is a “bucket” structure hosting five distinct depositional units since the late Pleistocene: U0 (pre-MIS 5e and MIS 5e), U1, U2, U3, and U4 (MIS 1), which are composed of five hydroacoustic facies, ranging from mounded to wavy laminated facies. Based on combining climate data, sea-level curves, and platform topography with our geophysical data, we conclude that the lagoon hosts carbonate, siliciclastic (fluvial and eolian), and potentially evaporitic deposits of open-marine and playa-lake origin. Intriguingly, karst architecture (i.e., sinkholes, caves, and collapsed cavities) is absent despite intermittent pluvial episodes and exposure during the late Pleistocene. Data analysis indicates that the Al Wajh lagoon architecture and development since the late Pleistocene are controlled by a combination of antecedent topography, sea-level variation, climate fluctuation, siliciclastic influx, carbonate production, and reef growth and drowning. Finally, insights from this study enhance our understanding of the architecture and sedimentary infill of ancient land-attached carbonate platforms deposited in a mature rift basin under alternating arid and pluvial climate settings.
Age and provenance relationships between the basal Great Valley Group and its underlying basement: implications for initiation of the Great Valley forearc basin, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Romero Mariah C. , Orme Devon A. , Surpless Kathleen D. , Ronemus Chance B. , Morrow Zachary
Published: October 2024

The Great Valley forearc (GVf) basin, California, records deposition along the western margin of North America during active oceanic subduction from Jurassic through Paleogene time. Along the western GVf, its underlying basement, the Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO), is exposed as a narrow outcrop belt. CRO segments are overlain by the Great Valley Group (GVG), and locally, an ophiolitic breccia separates the CRO from basal GVG strata. New stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochronologic data (3865 detrital and 68 igneous zircon U-Pb ages) from the upper CRO, ophiolitic breccia, and basal GVG strata clarify temporal relationships among the three units, constrain maximum depositional ages (MDAs), and identify provenance signatures of the ophiolitic breccia and basal GVG strata. Gabbroic rocks from the upper CRO yield zircon U-Pb ages of 168.0 ± 1.3 Ma and 165.1 ± 1.2 Ma. Prominent detrital-zircon age populations of the ophiolitic breccia and GVG strata comprise Jurassic and Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ages, respectively, with pre-Mesozoic ages in both that are consistent with sources of North America affinity. Combined with petrographic modal analyses that show abundant volcanic grains (> 50%), we interpret the breccia to be mainly derived from the underlying CRO, with limited input from the hinterland of North America, and the basal GVG to be derived from Mesozoic igneous and volcanic rocks of the Sierra Nevada–Klamath magmatic arc and hinterland. Analysis of detrital-zircon grains from the lower and upper ophiolitic breccia yields MDAs of ∼ 166 Ma and ∼ 151 Ma, respectively. Along-strike variation in Jurassic and Cretaceous MDAs from basal GVG strata range from ∼ 148 to 141 Ma, which are interpreted to reflect diachronous deposition in segmented depocenters during early development of the forearc. The ophiolitic breccia was deposited in a forearc position proximal to North America < 4 Myr before the onset of GVG deposition. A new tectonic model for early development of the GVf highlights the role of forearc extension coeval with magmatic arc compression during the earliest stages of basin development.
Changes in soils and terrestrial landscapes of the Appalachian Basin (Conemaugh, Monongahela, and Dunkard groups), U.S.A., at the onset of the late Paleozoic climate transition
Authors: Hembree Daniel I.
Published: October 2024

Changes in global climate from the Late Pennsylvanian to early Permian resulting from the destabilization of ice sheets in the Southern Hemisphere had important effects on terrestrial landscapes around the Paleozoic world. In the northern Appalachian Basin (U.S.A.), evidence for this transition and its effects on terrestrial systems is preserved in numerous paleosols in the Conemaugh, Monongahela, and Dunkard groups that formed in various alluvial environments. Several studies along a 50 km west–east and 40 km north–south transect through southeast Ohio and southwest West Virginia resulted in the recognition of 24 different pedotypes. An up-section shift in pedotypes from Argillisols to Vertisols and Calcisols as well as an overall upward increase in the diversity of pedotypes records a significant change in soil-forming processes and landscapes. The landscapes of the Late Pennsylvanian were largely characterized by well-developed, clay-rich Alfisols of woodland ecosystems on distal floodplains bordered by poorly developed Inceptisols of early successional or marshland ecosystems on proximal floodplains. By the early Permian, these landscapes began to experience strongly seasonal climates and increasingly prolonged dry periods, resulting in the production of pronounced shrink–swell features and well-developed carbonate horizons. These landscapes were characterized by Vertisols and Inceptisols of highly heterogeneous brakeland ecosystems, with rapid changes in sedimentation, hydrology, and vegetation over short distances. Climatic conditions were prone to fluctuations between wet and dry states during the transition, resulting in a highly heterogeneous landscape that changed significantly through time.
Modernization of tin ore deposit technologies, taking into account a retrospective assessment of the experience of enterprises potential restoration
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Kolesov Evgeny , Kolesov Dmitry ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Khasheva Zarema ,   Kuban State University of Physical  Culture, Sports and Tourism
Published: October 2024

The article describes the experience of restoring the potential of enterprises in the tin industry of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in difficult mining and geological conditions. The purpose of the study is a retrospective assessment of the experience of improving the technology of mining tin ores in stable rocks. Materials and methods. The goal is achieved through comprehensive research, including analysis and synthesis, comparison of calculated and experimental data, calculations of mass control parameters and measures to improve the quality of ores. Results. The characteristics of the deposits and the features of their location and ore extraction are given. The parameters of the applied development systems with differentiation into variants are detailed. A scheme of options is given with a critical analysis of their advantages and disadvantages so that they can be reproduced in similar conditions. Discussion. The effectiveness of the integration of ore mining processes and equipment for their implementation is shown. The experience of using an arsenal of systems for the development of shallow and inclined deposits in stable host rocks is described. The experimentally obtained dependences of the size of the pillars on the fall of the ore body and the spans of the mine are given. The variants of a promising chamber development system with the delivery of ore by the force of an explosion are detailed. Conclusion. It is shown that the development of tin deposits with the integration of the capabilities of technological processes and equipment ensures effective development of the field while improving the safety of mining operations and extraction of minerals from the subsurface. Resume. It is concluded that the integration of mining processes and equipment for their implementation is a reserve for the implementation of the production program, and the experience of developing tin deposits can be in demand when modernizing existing technologies and designing new deposits of solid minerals. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. Future research will be aimed at addressing issues related to reducing ore losses and dilution, improving the rock pressure management system and increasing the environmental and economic efficiency of the enterprise.
Study Evaluates Long-Term Corrosion Risk of Load-Bearing, High-Power ESP Cable
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 34898, “Long-Term Corrosion-Risk Evaluation of Load-Bearing, High-Power Electrical Submersible Pump Cable,” by Serko A. Sarian, SPE, Alkhorayef Petroleum, and Hattan Banjar, SPE, and Chidirim Ejim, SPE, Saudi Aramco, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference.

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In this study, a fit-for-purpose electrical submersible pump (ESP) load-bearing power cable was deployed inside the production tubing of a sour oil well for an extended period of service. Project economics required the power-cable metallurgy to survive long-term exposure reliably for up to 15% hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and high-salinity production fluids. Laboratory tests simulating varying sour well and extended galvanic corrosion conditions have been performed to determine the adequacy of the selected armor metallurgy in downhole corrosive environments.

Introduction

In recent years, various types of load-bearing power cable-deployed ESP (CDESP) systems have been introduced, eliminating the need to install or remove a conventional ESP along with the completion and reducing ESP changeover time by more than 80%. More recently, live-well CDESP systems have been developed and tested to eliminate the need for a well-kill operation.

The most-critical and costly component of such a system is the load-bearing power cable. The cable has the dual purpose of conveyance and long-term powering-up of the ESP. In a conventional artificial lift operation, the ESP is conveyed using the production tubing with a non-load-bearing power cable strapped to the outside of the tubing. This operation requires a workover rig to remove and reinstall the entire completion and a killed-well operation that might permanently damage the reservoir.

The main advantages of a CDESP system include operational efficiency gain and cost reduction, no reservoir skin damage, and production-loss minimization. However, a few challenges exist with the use of CDESP. These cables must have significantly different structures from commercial oil and gas power cables. These differences are detailed in the complete paper.

Cable-Design Requirements

CDESP system criteria include multiple-year continued service in adverse oilwell and reservoir conditions such as sour fluids, high gas/oil ratios (GOR) and temperatures, and abrasion caused by solids production. The following product acceptance requirements were set in advance:

- Three redeployments or retrievals after the initial deployment

- Single deployment continued runtime to meet or exceed the regional conventional ESP system runtime

Based on regional statistics, a conventional ESP system single-deployment average run time is 2.5 years. The effective CDESP power-cable service life target then becomes 2.5 years × four total deployments = 10 years, which served as the basis for all cable-associated testing and reliability metrics.
Dust Resuspension Rates in Kuwait: Insights from 7Be and 137Cs Radionuclides
Authors: Aba Abdulaziz , Al-Dousari Ali , Ismaeel Anfal , Al-Dabbous Abdullah , Alboloushi Omar , Al-Jarba Mashael
Published: October 2024

Dust resuspension rates in four different landscapes in Kuwait were estimated over a two-year period using 7Be and 137Cs radionuclides. The average rates of resuspension of particles labeled with 7Be (2 × 10-3 ± 3.9 x 10-4 s-1) were much higher than those of particles labeled with 137Cs (1.6 x 10-6 ± 2.15 x 10-7 s-1), which indicates increased short-term fluctuations in recently deposited dust. Conversely, the resuspension rates for particles labeled with 137Cs were considerably lower, which better reflects long-term variations in dust resuspension. This evaluation approach may provide a foundation for future studies assessing the impact of suspended dust particulates on the performance of solar power systems, in conjunction with other influencing factors like vertical mass flux.
Trials for Quiet and Efficient Flights in Advanced Continuous Descent Approach Using the Low Noise Augmentation System LNAS
Authors: Sachs Falk , Abdelmoula Fethi , Goetz Marie , Kurz Joscha
Published: October 2024

The pilot assistance system Low Noise Augmentation System (LNAS) developed by DLR has already been demonstrated, tested and used in real air traffic in various projects ([1],[2],[3]). The work described in this paper was aimed at extending LNAS to alternative approach procedures in the project LNAS-CGN. For this purpose, flight simulator tests were conducted with the scenery of Cologne Bonn Airport (threeletter code CGN). The aircraft used was an Airbus A320. The participating pilots were airline pilots who had not yet gained any experience with the LNAS system. LNAS optimizes the vertical profile of the approach from the beginning of the descent (top of descent) to the stabilization height at 1000 ft above ground so that the aircraft can be flown with the minimum thrust, the minimum noise emission as well as minimum fuel consumption with a given lateral route. In doing so, the system continuously corrects the trajectory ahead, depending on the constraints created by air traffic control instructions or changing weather conditions. The system provides guidance on which airspeed, aircraft configuration and controller modes are most favourable for the approach and provides the crew with the timing for subsequent actions. In particular, the so-called Advanced Continuous Descent Approach (ACDA) was considered during this project. This is an approach in which the descent is initiated comparatively late and is therefore steeper than for other types of approaches. The aircraft's energy management is of great importance here, especially since the use of speed brakes should be avoided for reasons of noise abatement. More than 150 approaches were carried out, in which the system was either used or not. The pilots were interviewed afterwards about their experiences. Thereby, the focus was on the flyability of the approach itself and the workload in the cockpit with and without support from the system. In addition, the flight tests were evaluated with regard to their fuel efficiency, configuration management and influence on the aircraft noise generated.
Toxic effect of some essential oils and their mixtures on the fourth stage larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: abdelouaheb ALOUANI , kamel souda , Hayette SID
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the efficacy of three essential oils and their combinations against fourth-stage Culex pipiens larvae. In each replicate, 25 larvae were exposed to larvicides, and their status was monitored at 24, 48, and 72-hour intervals. All tested compounds demonstrated varying degrees of toxicity towards the larvae, with LC50 values ranging from 1.28 to 1938.92 mg/L at different time intervals. Z. spina-christi exhibited the highest larvicidal potency with an LC50 value of 903 mg/L after 24 hours, followed by O. basilicum (LC50 = 1114 mg/L), while A. herba-alba showed the least effect with LC50 values of 6470 mg/L.O. basilicum emerged as the most potent larvicide after 48 and 72 hours, with LC50 values of 468 mg/L and 182 mg/L, respectively. Z. spina-christi ranked second in toxicity with LC50 values of 686 and 536 mg/L at 48 and 72 hours. A. herba-alba exhibited the lowest toxicity. The M3 extract (Z. spina-christi + O. basilicum) demonstrated the highest larvicidal activity; while the M2 extract exhibited the least toxicity.LT50 results indicated that the combination of Z. spina-christi and O. basilicum in M3 is the most effective. Some mixtures displayed antagonistic effects, with "synergistic factor; S.F." ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, signifying significant synergistic effects. While some combinations showed no effect, others displayed antagonistic effects against the larvae after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The study underscores the exceptional larvicidal effects of all evaluated botanical extracts, suggesting their potential as natural larvicides for mosquito control operations.
Non-Planar Hierarchical Composition of Extending Metamaterials for Deployable Load-Bearing Structures
Authors: Fogelson Mitchell , Thomas Sawyer , Manchester Zachary , Lipton Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Structures and materials with geometric hierarchy commonly exhibit enhanced strength-to-weight ratio. Compositions of deployable mechanisms through planar hierarchy can offer surface area changes but have yielded little structural value for high-extension beam deployment. This work shows that non-planar hierarchical compositions can dramatically improve deployable beams' extension ratios and mechanical stiffness. This work describes the Pop-Up Extending Truss (PET), which uses the composition of scissor-like structures to enable multi-axis reorientation, enhancing the bending stiffness by over 100% compared to other scissor-like variants with equal mass and linear packing. Additionally, by combining PETs with Kresling mechanisms, we show our Hierarchical Extending and Reorienting Deployable Structures (HERDS) are capable of supporting 10x higher bending, compressive, torsional, and tensile stiffness at 25-200x extension ratios compared to non-hierarchical structures. A physical HERDS prototype achieved a 50x extension ratio and supported compressive and bending loading when deployed. Practical applications could include large space structures, deployable infrastructure, and medical devices.
Enhancing Water Quality Predictions in Water Distribution Networks: Development and Integration of an RSM-Based Incomplete Mixing Model
Authors: Gao Jinliang , Li Kunyi , Dong Wenchao , Yin Xiaoming , Tian Yuan , Wang Weichao
Published: October 2024

Improving the accuracy of Water Distribution Network (WDN) water quality models presents a significant challenge, particularly due to the incomplete mixing phenomena at internal junctions. In this study, CFD numerical simulations were conducted to identify key factors affecting solute mixing at cross, double-T, and H junctions. It was found that the inlet and outlet Reynolds number ratios significantly impact mixing efficiency at all three types of junctions, with the spacing at double-T junctions being particularly critical. An incomplete mixing model was developed based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). By integrating the RSM-based Incomplete Mixing Model (RSM-IMM) into EPANET or similar hydraulic and water quality modeling software, engineers and researchers can improve predictions of water quality parameters, thereby making more informed decisions in the management and operation of WDNs.
Mathematical Model of Artificial Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Bhadula Rakesh CHANDRA , Pokhariyal Ganesh Prasad , Sisodia Mayank , Mamgain Kritika , Agarwal Ishita , Bahuguna Aarohi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, four cities of India having different geographical structures, climate, and hydrological components were selected. And an area of 500 square meters from each city has been studied. A Mathematical model with three-dimensional components of hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head in the aquifer, and other factors was adopted in which additional components of artificial recharge were added. The model is numerically solved with the help of C + + software and the graphs were plotted to depict the status of groundwater level after the artificial recharge. It was found that during the study period from 2014 to 2021, the increase of groundwater level in Bhopal was 9 meters, for Jaipur was 6 meters, for Dehradun was 6.5 meters, and for Bangalore was 5 meters.
Morphometrics and reproductive parameters of Rhynchophorus morphotypes(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ghana
Authors: Anankware Jacob , Debrah Shadrack , Asomah Shadrack , Egonyu James , Obeng-Ofori Daniel
Published: October 2024

Palm weevils are widely distributed throughout Ghana causing severe economic injuries to palm plantations. However, the description and categorisation of palm weevil species based on the morphology in Ghana are lacking. This study sought to identify and determine the morphometrics and reproductive parameters of different Rhynchophorus morphotypes in Ghana. One thousand and two hundred (1200) larvae each weighing 5 grams were collected by handpicking from infested palm trunks from palm plantation site in the Middle Belt (Kobedi, Diabaa, Asuhyiae, Nsuta, Tanoso, Bomaa, and Akrodie) and Southern Ghana (Fumesua, Kubease, and Donyina). These larvae were allowed to cocoon and pupate, and the adults that emerged were described and categorised into different morphotypes using morphological description keys of Rhynchophorus species. Three Rhynchophorus morphotypes were identified and described; rusty red weevil with black spots on the pronotum (RRW), black weevil with two red stripes on the pronotum (BWS), and black weevil without a longitudinal stripe pronotum (BW). The fecundity and female longevity of morphotypes of BWS (FF = 102.6 ± 38.85, FL = 43.6 ± 12.07) and BW (FF = 100.1 ± 39.45, FL = 43.6 ± 12.10) were superior to mature RRW female morphotype (FF = 39.1 ± 28.33, FL = 38.6 ± 9.21). The RRW morphotype may require more generations to adapt to the conditions in Ghana to improve on its life history parameters. The lowest fecundity of the RRW morphotype could be an advantage to limiting its spread across palm plantation sites in Ghana.
Dynamic reorganization of multivesicular bodies and exosome production impacted by sonoporation
Authors: Li Weiping , Saleh Najla A. , Gao Connie , Gagea Matthew A. , Vitija Xheneta , Kanada Masamitsu , Deng Cheri X.
Published: October 2024

Naturally occurring cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as attractive nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, producing large quantities of EVs for clinical applications in a scalable manner remains a significant challenge. This study investigates how sonoporation, or membrane poration produced by ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation, impacts EV production using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stably expressing CD63-GFP as a model system. Real-time fluorescence videomicroscopy detected rapid changes in CD63-GFP, a tetraspanin family member highly enriched in intraluminal vesicles tagged with GFP, to track changes in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), the cellular compartments where exosomes originate within the cells. Our results revealed distinct dynamic changes in CD63-GFP intensity and distribution in RAW 264.7 cells depending on whether they were directly or indirectly impacted by sonoporation, suggesting rapid reorganization of MVBs in response to direct and indirect mechanisms. Analysis of the supernatant from sonoporation-treated RAW 264.7 cells expressing CD63-GFP demonstrated a delayed and sustained increase in the production of CD63-GFP-positive EVs. These results show the robust effect of sonoporation and reveal insights into sonoporation-induced EV release that are useful for future development of sonoporation to enhance large-scale EV production.
Dietary Selenium Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Dose-Response Relationship
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Wang Dongyan
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
Selenium plays a complex role in human health as an essential nutrient. Basic research has shown that selenium has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. At present, the relationship between dietary selenium intake and mortality of diabetic kidney disease is unclear. This study affirmed the relationship between dietary selenium intake and all-cause mortality among adults with DKD.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014, 2,183 individuals with DKD were included in this analysis. The mortality rate was determined through the linkage of National Death Index records up to 31 December 2015. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The Kaplan Meier plotter is capable of analyzing the relationship between survival and selenium intake.
RESULTS
1063 deaths occurred during an average follow-up period of 8 years. A total of 298 deaths (54.880%) were observed in the lowest quartile of selenium intake, whereas 226 deaths (41.392%) were recorded in the highest quartile group. Adjusted for multiple variables, including demography factors, dietary factors, lifestyles, glucose control, and important comorbidities, selenium intake associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk in a dose-response relationship. Compared to the group with the lowest selenium intake, the hazard ratio(HR) of the highest group was 0.712 (95% CI 0.558,0.908) for mortality (Ptrend = 0.021) with adjustment of potential confounding potential factors.
CONCLUSION
After adjusting for confounding variables, In people with DKD, dietary selenium intake was associated with a reduced mortality risk.
Prevalence and determinants of Neonatal hypothermia in a tertiary Hospital, Gondar Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemu Mehretie Kokeb , Genet Geta Bayu , Dubie Addisu Ginbu
Published: October 2024

Neonatal hypothermia is a significant global problem of neonates with huge contribution of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recognizing major contributors of neonatal hypothermia is very important in designing preventing methods which was the objective of our study. This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 339 neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital over 6months. Study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique and both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify contributors and p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In our study, prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was 70.05%. Low birth weight (AOR = 8.35, 95%CI: 2.34, 29.80), bathing with in 24 hour (AOR = 3.96, 95%CI: 1.06, 14.78), absence of head cover (AOR = 3.11, 95%CI: 1.16, 8.38), C/S delivery ( AOR = 8.54, 95%CI: 2.01, 36.39), night time delivery (AOR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.29, 6.61) and being out born (AOR = 6.84, 95%CI: 2.12, 22.13) were having significant association with neonatal hypothermia. In this study; the Prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was significantly high and low birth weight, bathing within 24 hours ,absence of head cove ,C/S delivery, delivery at night and being out born were having significant association with neonatal hypothermia.
Impact of Reglone® Herbicide Application on Soil Microbial Activity: An Assessment in the Context of Brazilian Family Farming
Authors: Santos Maria da Conceição Sousa , Rodrigues Edmo Montes
Published: October 2024

Family farming practices are subject to modification as new technologies become available. The act of weeding to remove weeds can require a significant investment of time from the farmer and thus has been supplanted by the use of herbicides. Such practices can cause health issues for the farmer and disrupt the soil's biological community, which could ultimately lead to a reduction in soil fertility over time. The present study aimed to evaluate the consequences of applying different concentrations of the herbicide Reglone® on soil microbial activity. Experiments were conducted with soil samples containing varying concentrations of Reglone®. The soil moisture was adjusted to 60% of its water holding capacity, and the microcosms were incubated for 28 days at 25°C. The results demonstrated that the concentration of 1.3 mg/kg, which is the Predicted Environmental Concentration of the active ingredient (diquat), did not impact soil microbial respiration in comparison to the control. However, concentrations two and three times higher resulted in a significant reduction in microbial activity, which may negatively impact the nutrient cycling and the agricultural efficiency of soils exposed to these herbicide concentrations, which are widely used for controlling weeds. It can be concluded that the application of the herbicide Reglone® exerts influence on soil microbial activity at dosages above the predicted concentration, which were 2.6 mg/kg and 3.9 mg/kg of the active ingredient. A decline in soil quality and agricultural productivity can have adverse consequences for farmers, potentially leading to reduced income and an exodus from rural areas.
Unifying spatiotemporal and frequential attention for traffic prediction
Authors: Guo Qi , Tan Qi , Tang Jun , Shi Benyun
Published: October 2024

Urban traffic flow prediction is an essential task within intelligent transportation systems, and numerous methodologies have been proposed to address it. However, most existing approaches focus on historical traffic information in terms of spatial and temporal aggregation, neglecting the implied spectral analysis of traffic time series. In this paper, we introduce the traffic flow in the frequency domain and, in conjunction with attention mechanisms, comprehensively learn the hidden correlations between spatial, temporal, and frequential. By deeply learning the spatial graph topological correlations of traffic flow, and using spectral analysis, fusing time series and implied periodic correlations in the temporal and frequential, we have constructed an innovative traffic prediction network model known as the Spatial Temproal-Frequential Attention Network (STFAN). The core of this network is the application of attention mechanisms to project the hidden states of traffic features in the current spatial, temporal, and frequential onto future hidden states, thereby comprehensively learning the hidden relationships of each dimension to future states and achieving the prediction of future traffic flow. To validate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on two public datasets from the California Department of Transportation (PeMS04 and PeMS08). The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing baseline models in terms of predictive accuracy, especially in medium and long-term traffic flow forecasting. Additionally, the ablation study confirmed the influence of frequency domain characteristics of traffic flow on future traffic states, thus proving the theoretical and practical effectiveness of the model.
Surface Integrity in Rotary Broaching of Ti6Al4V: Analyzing the Effects of Kinematic and Cutting Parameters
Authors: Rasti Amir , Tarshizi Mohammad , Khosrowshahi Javad Hashemi
Published: October 2024

The rotary broaching process is critical for manufacturing dental and orthopedic implants from Ti6Al4V. Despite extensive research on machining titanium alloys, the rotary broaching of Ti6Al4V remains underexplored, particularly regarding the relationship between machining parameters and surface integrity. This study investigates the effects of cutting parameters and rotary broaching kinematics on surface roughness, microhardness, and texture. Hexagonal holes were machined into ϕ10×20 mm rods using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for experimental design and analysis. Results indicated that feed rate and rotational speed are the primary factors affecting surface roughness, contributing 51% and 24.5% respectively, with roughness values ranging from 0.258 to 0.701 µm. Contrary to conventional orthogonal cutting theory, an increase in cutting speed led to higher cutting edge engagement frequency, adversely affecting surface texture and roughness due to the unique kinematics of rotary broaching. Additionally, microhardness of the broached samples increased from 341Hv to a maximum of 386Hv due to work hardening, primarily driven by feed rate and its effect on strain hardening of Ti6Al4V. Surface texture analysis revealed defects such as smears and grooves, caused by the ploughing effect and poor chip disposal, which could be mitigated by chamfering the pilot hole entrance.