bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAPAIAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA DAN STIMULASINYA PADA ANAK USIA 4 TAHUN
Authors: Syam Andi Fausia , Damayanti Eka
Published: December 2020

Perkembangan seluruh aspek perkembangan anak usia dini akan maksimal jika dilakukan stimulasi yang tepat. Informasi mengenai stimulasi yang tepat didapatkan melalui referensi yang sudah ada berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilapangan. Penelitian ini mencoba menguraikan stimulasi salah satu aspek perkembangan, yakni perkembangan Bahasa yang tepat pada anak usia dini khususnya usia 4 tahun sebagai best practice kepada orangtua atau pengasuh. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi tidak langsung atas kejadian yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian di Soul, Korea Selatan. Pengamatan dilakukan seminggu sekali mengenai keseharian subjek dimulai pada pagi hari hingga malam hari, segala aktivitas anak terekam oleh kamera yang disiarkan oleh stasiun tv yang menjadi sumber data utama peneliti pada bulan Maret – Mei 2020. Fokus pengamatan dipersempit pada indicator capaian perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia 4 tahun berdasarkan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak. Subjek penelitian sebanyak dua anak yang dipilih secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria: (1) anak usia dini; (2) berusia 4 tahun; (3) sumber data mudah dijangkau oleh peneliti; (4) sumber data mampu menggambarkan informasi secara utuh mengenai focus penelitian. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan narasi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua anak telah memenuhi capaian perkembangan pada bahasa anak berdasarkan standar usia subjek khususnya dalam hal: (1) memahami Bahasa dan (2) mengungkapkan bahasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ada beberapa stimulasi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan capaian aspek perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia 4 tahun, yakni (1) mendengarkan setiap cerita anak; (2) memberikan apresiasi berbentuk pujian pada cerita anak; (3) membiasakan anak menyatakan pendapat; (4) membiasakan anak mengikuti perintah; dan (5) memberikan reward anak jika anak berhasil melakukan hal positif.
SISTEMATIKA LIERATUR REVIEW: PERMAINAN MAZE DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Kuswanto Anggil Viyantini , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang permainan maze dalam perkembangan Anak Usia Taman Kanak-Kanak (AUD). Hal ini dilatar belakangi bahwa masih banyak peneliti menggunakan permainan maze sebagai alat edukatif saat menerapkan pembelajaran yang memiliki potensi mengembangkan perkembangan anak. tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan kontribusi atau bantuan kepada pendidik akan keilmuan tentang penerapan permainan maze terhadap perkembangan kognitif Anak di masa taman kanak-kanak, serta membantu anak memahami materi pembelajaran yang diberikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sistematika literature review, literature yang digunakan pada tahun 10 tahun kebelakang. Berdasarkan hasil review didapat  bahwa dengan permainan maze merupakan usaha untuk menciptakan proses pembelajaran melaui bermain salah satunya yaitu dapat mengembangkan perkembangan kognitif anak. Permainan maze menjadi alternative pembelajaran yang menarik dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak, memahami anak dapat memecahkan masalah sederhana mengenal benda menggunakan symbol symbol saat pelaksanaan permainan.
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Cublak-Cublak Suweng Terhadap Bahasa Ekspresif Anak Usia Dini Usia 3-4 Tahun
Authors: Fitriyah Fuadatul , Khasanah Ismatul , Purwadi Purwadi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan tradisional cublak-cublak suweng terhadap bahasa ekspresif anak usia dini kelompok A di KB Attohiriyah Guntur Demak mkjm tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode eksperimen. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk “pre-experimental design“.Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one-group pretest- posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok A di KB Attohiriyah yang berjumlah 16 anak dengan jumlah anak laki – laki 8 dan perempuan 8 anak pada tahun ajaran 2019 – 2020. Hasil penelitian dan perhitungan statistik dengan menggunkan uji t dengan rata-rata pada kelas ekpserimen X =24,5 dan rata-rata kelas kontrol X = 18,3, dengan n1 = 16 dan n2 = 16, untuk ttabel (dk) = n1 + n2 – 2 = 15 + 15 – 2 = 30,= 5 % yaitu 1,697, diperoleh  Lhitung = 6,847495. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung >ttabel maka H0 ditolak sehingga H1 diterima, Kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh permainan tradisional cublak-cublak suweng terhadap bahasa ekspresif anak usia dini di Kelompok Bermaian KB Attohiriyah Kecamatan Guntur Kabupaten Demak seperti anak lebih aktif mengungkapkan apa yang dirasakannya dan anak dapat mengolah kata secara komprehensif
REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN ETHIOPIA: PRACTICE AND APPLICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Oyda Semayat
Published: December 2020

The objective of the review paper was to highlight indigenous practice to traditional veterinary medicine and medicinal plants used by indigenous people. Traditional medicine has been defined as the sum total of all knowledge and practices whether explicable or not, used in the diagnosis, prevention and elimination of physicals, mental or social imbalances which passes from generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing. The application of traditional medicine to veterinary medicine has been termed as ethnoveterinary medicine. In Ethiopia up to 80% of the population uses traditional medicine due to the cultural acceptability of healers and local pharmacopeias, the relatively low cost of traditional medicine and difficult access to modern health facilities. Some of medicinal plants were Monopsis Sellariodes, solanium anguivi Lam, Vigina spp, Nicotiana tabacum L, Argemone Mexicana L, and Platostoma Rotundifolium etc. and they useful for different diseases. Traditional practitioners include bone setters, birth attendants, tooth extractors, (called yetirs awolaki, 'Wogesha' and yelimd awalaj' respectively in Amharic) herbalists, as well as 'debtera', 'tenquay' (witch doctors), and spiritual healers such as 'weqaby' and 'kalicha'. Healing in Ethiopian traditional medicine is not only concerned with curing of diseases but also with the protection and promotion of human physical, spiritual, social, mental and material wellbeing. Drugs were administered using different routes, the main ones being, topical, oral and respiratory and are stored usually in containers such as bottles, papers, pieces of cloth, leaves and horns, and were kept anywhere at home.
TRAINING ON WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH) TO THE FRONTLINE WORKERS (FLWS) IN A RURAL SET UP
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shyama Prasad
Published: December 2020

Water and Sanitation is one of the primary drivers of public health. Poor hygiene, inadequate quantities and quality of drinking water and lack of sanitation facilities cause millions of the India’s poorest people to die from preventable diseases each year. The MPTAST has been extending technical assistance to the State Government of Madhya Pradesh to improve their water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) planning, delivery, and monitoring mechanisms, and to accelerate the sanitation coverage through a community-led approach. One of the key components of technical assistance under the WASH program was to provide training to Front Line Workers (FLWs) as they play an important role to assist the communities in raising awareness & motivation. This awareness & motivation of the community members would be created a demand for WASH services to access & leverage govt. support schemes and funds under the Govt. of India flagship program “Swachh Bharat Mission”. The IIHMR on behalf of MPWASH were organized district/block/ cluster/section wise training of FLWs   in selected 7 Districts of Eastern Madhya Pradesh and covered around 98% of target. It was expected that WASH training to FLWs will bring lot of positive changes in orientation & motivating the community people at Village level.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in pregnant patients visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Faisalabad.
Authors: Aslam Iram , Manzoor Uzma , Bano Saadia , Shahzad Uzma , Qureshi Saima , Azhar Tasneem
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine prevalence of Hepatitis C among pregnant female visiting a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: 1-1-2018 to 31-12-2018. Material & Methods: Total 4210 pregnant patients visited during this time period. Results: During the study period i-e from 1-1-2018 to 31-12-2018, total 4210 obstetric patients visited Independent University Hospital. Among them 463 were Anti HCV +with % age of 10.9. Our study showed that 28 patients (6%) were <19 yrs of age, 35 patients (7%) were 20 to 25 yrs. 48 patients (10%) were 26 to 29 yrs.151 patients (32%) were 30 to 35 yrs of age. 201 patients (43%) were more than 35 yrs. Our result has shown that most of the infected patients were having their 5th or more pregnancy (202%). 182 patients (39%) were G4 or G5.47 patients (10%) were having their 2nd or 3rd pregnancy while only 32 (6%) primigravidas had this infection. Our study has shown that 325(70%) patients were of rural background while 135(29%) patients belonged to urban areas. When these Hepatitis C+ve patients were analyzed for risk factors, 91 had some dental manipulation in the past (19%), 104 had history of previous blood transfusion or some parental infusions (22%) 32 patients (6.9%) had their partners infected with Hepatitis C. 161 patients (34%) had history of some surgery or previous vaginal delivery at some centre where sterilization was not standardized. 75 patients (16%) had no identifiable risk factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis C is quite high in pregnant patients of Faisalabad. There is a dire need to address the factors involved in transmission of disease. Health policies should be revised to decrease the spread of this virus. Increased awareness is needed among the people regarding its transmission and early diagnosis so that curative measures should be timely taken to avoid the dreadful complications of Hepatitis C.
Frequency and risk factors of UTI and susceptibility pattern of uropathogen and impact of glycaemia control among diabetic patients.
Authors: Sabir Rubina , Butt Anum , Baqa Kulsoom , Shiraz Ambreen , Aziz Nasreen
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The present study is designed to determine the frequency and risk factor of urinary tract infection in patients with or without diabetes, and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility among type 2 subjects with controlled and uncontrolled glycemia. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Department of Microbiology, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE). Period: October 2016 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of BIDE. Total 549 patients were included in the study. Results: A total of 117 (28.96%) and 287 (35.52%) uropathogens were isolated from patients with and without diabetes respectively. Percentage of positive culture was high which was 62.30% and 38.25% in female in both patients with and without diabetes respectively. E. coli was found to be the most frequently isolated bacteria from both patients with diabetes and without diabetes, as 50.43% and 52.26% respectively. Since, Patients with diabetes have a higher prevalence of UTI than non-diabetics. Conclusion: Hence, preventive measures should be taken and patients should be properly guided about the complications of diabetes and recurrent infections.
Prevalence of iron deficiency and thalassemia in patients presenting Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Taj Nadia , Javed Saba , Munir Munazza , Naz Anam , Sajid Asma , Karim Ayesha
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To find the frequency of iron deficient anemia and thalassemia in anemic patient reporting in tertiary hospital in Multan. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: 20th October 2018 to 20th April 2019. Material & Method: In this study total 260 females with anemia HB<10.5g/dl were incorporated. Blood of all the patients were collected following the septic measures in CBC vial for counting of hemoglobin and blood investigation serum ferritin [<11ng/ml] and HB electrophoresis HBA [>6]. Gestational age was predicted depending upon last period of menstruation. Results: Age of patients in this study was between 24 to 34 year with the average age of 29.9±2.3 year, average gestational age 33.2±2.11 week, average parity 1.46±1.3. Iron deficient anemia was observed in 88.4 percent patient. Thalassemia was observed in 5.7 percent patient. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that iron deficiency and thalassemia are significant contributing factors of anemia in patients reporting tertiary care hospitals Multan. General screening for carriers of thalassemia should be provided to all pregnant females attending prenatal care.
Comparison of efficacy of internal sphincterotomy versus topical 0.2 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment after hemorrhoidectomy.
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Nofal Sabih , Khan Ahsan , Awana Mariam Tariq , Arif Anum
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment versus internal sphincterotomy after hemorrhoidectomy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Surgery Unit III, at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 months (August 2017 to February 2018). Material & Methods: The OPD of the Department of Surgery included 124 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were two groups of patients, Group A and Group B. Group-A was told to use gloved finger three times daily for 0.2 percent GTN ointment topically. For Group B, lateral internal sphincterotomy was performed as day care procedure. On visit, patients were assessed for pain relief by using VAS. All data was collected using a pre-designed (attached) proforma. In SPSS v23.0 the data were input and analyzed. It was stratified for age, sex, disease duration and hemorrhoid stage. The effectiveness of both groups was compared by using a p-value of 0.05 as significant for a chi-square test. Results: Male predominance; in group-A, 41(66.1%) patients were male and 21(33.9%) were female, while in group-B, 52(83.9%) patients were male and 10(16.1%) were females. Efficacy was found in 11(17.7%) patients in group-A (0.2% GTN) while in 25(40.3%) patients in group-B (Internal sphincterotomy) with p-value of 0.006 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Open hemorrhoidectomy internal sphincterotomy is an effective method to reduce pain after hemorrhoidectomy in contrast to Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) topical cream of 0.2 percent.
Risk factors for coronary artery disease among judicial officers.
Authors: Hameed Naeem , Abbas Shahid , Ali Faisal , Akram Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Farahe Ali
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease in very important group of population who are expected to have sedentary lifestyle. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: January 2015 to June 2017. Material & Methods: Officers from age of 25 years to 60 years and of either sex were enrolled in study. FLP, FBS, BP, weight and height were measured at FIC. Frequency of coronary artery disease risk factors including Diabetes, HTN, smoking, dyslipidemia, physical activity and obesity was noted considering diagnostic criteria. Results: Mean age was 40.86 ± 7.49, 84.4% (n=76) were male, 15.6% (n=14) were females, 11.1% (n=10) were diabetic, 88.9% (n=80) were non-diabetic, 4 were known case of ischemic heart disease with one having CABG. Smoking was present in 27.8%(n=25). Hypertension was found in 22.2%(n=20). LDL cholesterol was raised in 24.4%(n=22) officers. 46.7%(n=42) were having high BMI i.e.>25.  A high proportion was found to have sedentary lifestyle with 72.2%(n=65) being physically less active. Conclusion: Major conventional Risk factors for coronary artery disease are prevalent in young healthy judicial officers who were not patient of any significant disease.
Correlation between bladder wall thickness and IPSS in patients having benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Authors: Anwar Moin , Saifullah Muhammad , Malik Muhammad Tahir Bashir , Munir Muhammad Irfan , Akmal Muhammad , Subhani Ghulam Mehboob , Javed Safdar Hassan
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Our objective was determination of the correlation between mean bladder wall thickness and mean IPSS in BPH diagnosed patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Punjab Medical College / Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: Six months from 01-04-2016 to 30-09-2016. Material & Methods: Total 70 patients were enrolled for study from outpatient department of Urology, AHF. IPSS was calculated and recorded. Transabdominal ultrasound KUB was done to measure bladder wall thickness. Urine complete examination and culture was done to rule out UTI. Existence of bladder tumor was ruled out by previous history and ultrasonography. The data was collected on a Proforma by myself. Results: Out of 70 enrolled cases, 47.14% (n=33) were aged 50-60 years whereas 52.86% (n=37) were 61-70 years of age. Mean age was calculated as 61.27+5.31 years. Mean Bladder Wall thickness was 3.64+0.72 and IPSS was calculated to be 12.84+2.79 (r0.9056). Correlation between mean bladder wall thickness and mean IPSS in patients having benign prostatic hyperplasia was calculated as significant. Conclusion: In patients suffering from BOO due to BPH, we have found a very strong positive correlation between mean IPSS and mean BWT. However, bigger studies using standardized techniques are required to establish this fact.
Complications of Laparoscopic Choledochotomy and Lithotomy for Primary Suture
Authors: Zhu Xiping
Published: December 2020

Objective: To explore the non-placement of “T�?tube after laparoscopic choledochotomy. feasibility and complication analysis of primary suture bile duct. Methods: Retrospective analysis of January 2013~ December 2016, Laparoscopic choledocholithotomy for primary bile duct suture in 87 cases, Combined with literature, the indications, methods and complications of the operation were summarized and analyzed. Results: There was no operative death in the whole group, Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases (5.7%), 1 case with jaundice, gradually subsided after 4 days of conservative treatment. Two cases had postoperative bile leakage, to prolong the drainage time of the peritoneal drainage tube and stop by itself. In 1 case, bile duct stenosis occurred. 1 case of residual common bile duct stones. The average postoperative hospitalization was 9 days. Conclusion: Select the right case strictly, Patient and delicate operation, Laparoscopic choledochotomy is safe and feasible.
Correlative Factors Research of Tibial Shaft Fracture with Ipsilateral Posterior Malleolar Crack Fractures
Authors: Tang Binbin , Liu Quan , Li Zhen , Shen Gaobo , Wu Lianguo
Published: December 2020

Background: Missed diagnosis rate of spiral tibia shaft fracture with posterior malleolus crack fracture (PMCF) is high in the clinical. However, the mechanism and related factors of fracture are still unclear. Moreover, PMCF has been observed in other types of tibial shaft fractures. Objective: To explore the correlative factors of tibial shaft fracture with ipsilateral PMCF, decrease the rate of clinical missed diagnosis, strengthen the effective fixation of PMCF, and reduce the incidence of traumatic arthritis. Methods: From September 2014 to May 2019, we collected 137 tibiofibular fracture. Only 68 cases involved in ankle joint CT examination and were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into posterior malleolus group (30 cases) and non-posterior malleolus group (38 cases) according to whether come up PMCF or not. The posterior malleolus group contained 24 males and 6 females, 27-77 (47.57±11.79) years old, the non-posterior malleolus group contained 23 males and 15 females, 18-85 (48.71±13.84) years old. The gender, age, location, fibula fracture and tibial shaft fracture classification were observed for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The probability of PMCF was higher with right tibial shaft fracture (OR=3.69 95%CI:1.13-12.08 P<0.05); the probability of PMCF following distal fibular fracture was higher than that without fibular fracture (OR=11.36 95%CI:1.72-75.05 P<0.05); the probability of PMCF with type A tibial shaft fracture was higher than type C (OR=4.8295%CI:1.19-19.58 P<0.05). Conclusion: Right type A tibial shaft fracture accompanied by distal fibular fracture are very important factors related to PMCF, which needs highly attention to avoid clinical missed diagnosis.
Morpho-biometric characterization of local chicken population in Niger
Authors: Ousseini Moussa Hassan  , Christian Keambou Tiambo  , Salissou Issa  , Karmadine Hima  , Maman Laouali Ibrahim Adamou  , Yacoubou Bakasso
Published: December 2020

The present study was initiated to determine the morphobiometric characteristics of local chicken population in Niger. A total of 554 chickens (156 males and 398 females) were sampled in the four (4) agro-ecological zones of the country. A complete description by direct observation, individual weighing and body measurements were performed on the entire sample. The results of the study showed an important diversity of plumage colours in the populations studied. Out of the thirteen (13) plumages stains observed, the most common are red (13.5%), pebbles (12.1%), white (11.9%), golden partridge (11.2%) and the fawn (10.8%). Feather distribution was normal over most of the sample (96.6%). The main tarsal colours observed were white, grey and yellow with respectively 45.1%, 39.0% and 15.3%. The eye colourings were mainly orange (55.1%), yellow (31%) and red (12.1%). A normal ridge was observed on 99.5% of individuals while 80% had a red barbillon. From body measurements, it appeared that only the thoracic perimeter remains decisive in the prediction of individual live weight. The average weight obtained over the whole treated sample was 1141.24g. An ANOVA with sex as a source of variation showed that the roosters had an average weight of 1484.24g much higher than that of hens whose average was 1266.64g. This study only concerned the descriptive part of the local chicken of Niger. Other aspects such as productivity remains to be elucidated to better discover the performance of the local chicken of Niger.
Physico-chemical characterization of the soils of the watersheds of Boukombe in North-West Benin
Authors: Kombienou Pocoun Damè
Published: December 2020

This study addresses the specificities of soils in low-income countries. These infertile soils are characterized by low levels of agricultural productivity and the disappearance of long-term fallow, which is gradually giving way to shorter-term fallow and sedentary agriculture. The overall objective was to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils of the Boukombe watersheds in the north-west of Atacora in Benin. Soil studies of 15 farm sites from which soils were sampled at the [0-20] cm horizon with 30 composite samples and statistical analyzes were performed. The results of particle size analysis showed predominance (68%) of a textural dimorphism with a sandy loam character and a relatively stable structure. The soils are generally acidic (pH ≤ 5), sodium in places and poor in Organic Matter (0.3%), particularly in the plateau. Mountain lands have soils richer in OM (4%), but poor in nitrogen with a content of between [0.02-0.14%], the C / N ratio at 3% lower than 12. The contents nutrients and minerals are accumulated at the bottom of slopes (2.23% carbon, 0.14% nitrogen) and at the top of slopes (14ppm of phosphorus) under Fonio. These soils remain in a fragile state, subjecting them to the process of intense erosion. The degradation, silting up and progressive acidification of soils constitute the main constraints of agricultural production, the solution of which is based on restoring their fertility by rehabilitating dikes and removing silt.
Modeling and simulation of decision support system analysis of the road transport system in Nigeria
Authors: Ofut Ogar Tumenayu  , Jerome Godwin Egbe  , Umoh Enoima Essien
Published: December 2020

The complex analysis of traffic system safety in Nigeria based on qualitative and simulation modeling was performed. These models allow us to perform a preliminary assessment of measures aimed at safety improvement of the traffic system situation in Nigeria, and to make projections to improve the parameters of the transport system. In this paper, the results of the system analysis of the transport network safety in Nigeria based on qualitative and simulation modeling are presented. The qualitative model of transport network safety and the model of system dynamics is developed, the safety measures based on simulation are suggested. The obtained results could be used for support of decision making in the field of transport network management in Nigeria. The experiments were conducted on qualitative models, they showed the effect on the transport system parameters of such measures: increasing fines for violations of the road regulations and increasing of the funding of the road repairing and construction. The support organization in decision-making in the management of the urban transport system development is very important. This problem can be solved with the use of different approaches. The use of qualitative and dynamic-system modeling for complex analysis of the transport system and evaluation of measures effectiveness aimed at improving its safety is proposed in this paper.
Fundamentals of extrachromosomal circular DNA in human cells - Genetic activities as regards cancer promotion alongside chromosomal DNA
Authors: Reinhard H. Dennin
Published: December 2020

In addition to chromosomal DNA (chr-DNA) and mitochondrial DNA, eukaryotic cells contain extrachromosomal DNA (ec-DNA). Analysed extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecc-DNA) accounts for up to 20% of the total cellular DNA. Ecc-DNAs contain coding and non-coding sequences originating from chr-DNA and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). MGEs include sequences such as transposons, which have the potential to move between different and the same DNA molecules, thereby, for example, causing rearrangements and inactivation of genes. Ecc DNAs have aroused interest in diseases such as malignancies and diagnostic procedures relating to this. A database to collect ecc-DNA has been established. Investigations are needed to find possible differences in sequences of chr-DNA after sequencing the whole cellular DNA (WCD), namely: chr-DNA plus ec-/ecc-DNA compared to chr-DNA, which is separated from ec-/ecc-DNA. Standards for sequencing protocols of WCD have to be developed that also reveal the sequences of ecc-DNA; this concerns “single-cell genomics” in particular.
MINY COAL SI BRIKET BONGGOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF
Authors: Handayani Anita , Rahim Andi Rahmad , Fauziyah Nur , Sukaris Sukaris
Published: December 2020

Secara geografis, Desa Sonoadi terletak di wilayah Kecamatan Karanggeneng Kabupaten Lamongan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Di sebelah utara berbatasan dengan desa tejosari kecamatan laren,sebelah barat berbatasan dengan desa kawisto legi, sebelah selatan berbatasan dengan desa latukan dan di sebelah timur berbatasan dengan desa guci. Secara umum mata pencaharian warga desa sonoadi adalah petani, pedagang, pegawai dan lain-lain. Dan mayoritas pekerjaan warga desa sonoadi adalah petani beras dan petani jagung. Akan tetapi petani memiliki penghalang yaitu hama tikus, sawah di sekitas desa sonoadi diberi penjeba listrik yaitu aliran listrik di tepian sawah. Namun di area perkebunan petani tidak menggunakan setrum karena resiko berbahaya yang sangat tinggi, sehingga sering kali petani mengalami 20% gagal panen yang disebaban karena jagung sudah digigit tikus. Untuk tetap meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dari tanaman jagung, maka program kerja program studi teknik industri kelompok 7 kkn leguler ingin membuat inovasi supaya jagung bisa dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Dengan memanfaatkan bonggol jagung sebagai mini coal sebagai pengganti bahan bakar, mengurangi limbah bonggol jagung dan menambah nilai ekonomis, dan juga sebaiknya pemerintah desa bisa melakukan peninjauan mendalam supaya dapat memberikan kemajuan dan keuntungan bersama baik untuk masyarakat maupun pemerintah
Implementasi Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah
Authors: Sihombing Eka NAM , Adi Syaputra Muhammad Yusrizal
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proses pembentukan perda di era revolusi industri 4.0 seolah mendapatkan pembenaran guna meminimalisir disharmoni antara peraturan daerah dengan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Namun penggunaan Kecerdasan buatan tidak dapat serta merta menggantikan kewenangan organ pembentuk perda secara menyeluruh, tentunya hal ini masih menimbulkan perdebatan. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini adalah Bagaimana implementasi penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam pembentukan Peraturan Daerah? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dalam konteks penelitian ini juga akan dilihat apakah penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proses pembentukan Perda memiliki pijakan secara teoritis yang diutarakan para ahli, maupun basis yuridis dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proses pembentukan perda tidak serta merta dapat menggantikan peran dan fungsi organ pembentuk perda. Penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proses pembentukan perda diposisikan hanya sebatas alat bantu yang dapat memprediksi potensi disharmoni antara perda dan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Untuk mengakomodir pengunaan AI dalam Proses pembentukan perda diperlukan perubahan terhadap UUP3, UU Pemda dan peraturan perundang-undangan turunannya yang berkaitan dengan pembentukan perda.
Продовольственная безопасность в контексте национальных целей Российской Федерации
Authors: Гумеров Р. Р.
Published: December 2020

В статье в формате контекстного анализа рассматриваются некоторые нюансы обеспечения продовольственной безопасности населения страны, обусловленные принятием Указа Президента РФ «О национальных целях и стратегических задачах развития Российской Федерации на период до 2024 года». Анализируются сущностные связи продовольственной безопасности с целым рядом больших вызовов и приоритетов социально-экономического развития страны, связанных с проведением суверенной государственной политики, преодолением бедности и социального неравенства, при этом констатируется, что обеспечение продовольственной безопасности выходит за рамки возможностей и компетенций отдельных федеральных органов исполнительной власти. Обосновывается вывод о необходимости решения продовольственной проблемы в формате межведомственного проекта, включенного в систему национальных и федеральных проектов. На основе анализа специфических характеристик продовольственной проблемы в современной России выдвигается тезис о преждевременности постановки задачи о масштабном (в разы) наращивании экспорта продукции агропромышленного комплекса и необходимости расширения внутренних рынков ее сбыта с использованием механизмов продовольственной помощи малоимущим слоям населения.
Экономические последствия COVID-19 для регионов России
Authors: Коломак Е. А.
Published: December 2020

В работе исследованы экономические последствия ограничительных мер, вызванных COVID-19, и степень их пространственной неоднородности в России. На основе данных мониторинга социально-экономического положения субъектов Российской Федерации строится индикатор уровня экономической активности регионов в апреле-мае 2020 г. Значимость факторов определялась на основе регрессионного анализа. Тестировались гипотезы, предполагающие, что больше пострадают развитые регионы, крупные города и малый бизнес, учитывалось влияние сокращения спроса на мировых сырьевых рынках. Оценки показали, что экономическая активность в стране после введения ограничений сократилась почти на четверть, запреты имели разные отклики в регионах, степень которых различалась более чем вдвое, однако основная часть предположений не подтвердилась. Городская экономика оказалась более устойчивой к ограничительным мероприятиям по сравнению со средними показателями в стране. Малый бизнес, несмотря на опасения, оказался фактором, поддерживающим экономику регионов. Подтвердилось, что более развитые регионы при прочих равных условиях страдали сильнее. Однако это влияние было перекрыто другими факторами, и ожидаемой тенденции к пространственной конвергенции не наметилось.
Estimation of signal reception probability characteristics using models of fading transionosphere channels
Authors:   Fryazino branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedenskogo sq., 1, Fryazino 141190, Moscow region, Russia, Nazarov L.E. , Smirnov V.M. ,   Fryazino branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedenskogo sq., 1, Fryazino 141190, Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2020

Statistical models of narrow-band transionosphere channels, which determine the occurrence of signal fading due to random temporal and spatial fluctuations of the electron density of ionospheric irregularities, are considered. Fading models are based on the use of empirical relationships with respect to the distribution density of the amplitude of the signals at the output of the transionosphere channel as a random process. The parameters of empirical distribution densities (lognormal distribution, m-Nakagami distribution, Rician distribution) are related to the scintillation coefficient of signal fading. Using the considered models of signal fading, a technique is presented for estimating the probability of erroneous reception of digital signals with phase shift keying during reception. Using this technique, estimates of energy losses with respect to propagation in free space were made, reaching 0.001 for a scintillation coefficient value of 0.5 to 3 dB for signals with 2- and 4-phase shift keying.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION OF COMPOSITE COATINGS WITH QUASI-CRYSTALS OBTAINED THROUGH METHODS OF GAS DYNAMIC SPUTTERING
Authors: Sil'chenko Ol'ga , Siluyanova Marina , Hopin Petr
Published: December 2020

The work purpose is to investigate strength properties of composite coatings with quasi-crystals obtained through the method of gas dynamic sputtering. The object of development: quasi-crystals based on titanium carbonitride clad with nickel. In the course of the work there is offered a method for investigations of coating strength based on a pin and adhesive method with composites based on titanium carbonitride. The novelty of this investigation consists in obtaining new materials and investigations of their physical-mechanical properties. Composite coating on the basis of titanium carbonitride has shown high separation properties. The destruction took place in an intermediate layer between VN20 and KNTP35. During 10 mm bending there is a fine even mesh. At the impact load made there were not observed chips and separations that allow using coating data in heavy-loaded parts.
A TEORIA DA MENTE ENTRE SEMÂNTICA E PRAGMÁTICA
Authors: Domingos Crisbelli , Santos Sebastião Lourenço dos
Published: December 2020

In the past decade or so, a small but rapidly growing band of literary scholars, theorists, and critics has been working to integrate literary study with Darwinian social science. These scholars can be identified as the members of a distinct school in the sense that they share a certain broad set of basic ideas. They all take “the adapted mind” as an organizing principle, and their work is thus continuous with that of the “adaptationist program” in the social sciences. Adaptationist thinking is grounded in Darwinian conceptions of human nature (2004, p. 6).
A PRAGMÁTICA E OS JOGOS COMPORTAMENTAIS NAS COMUNICAÇÕES ORGANIZACIONAIS
Authors: Morosov Ivete
Published: December 2020

The Pragmatics Collection, organized by the Language, Communication and Cognition Research Group CNPq, aims to present scientific research carried out in this area in its multiple dialogues with other sciences, such as neuroscience, biology, psychology, social sciences, literary studies, law , translation, social communication, among many others, as well as disseminating research applied to the most diverse contexts of human activity . This inaugural volume includes research by national and foreign doctoral professors, signed jointly with colleagues and students, with the purpose of both strengthening the exchange of ideas at ABRAP - Brazilian Association of Pragmatics, as well as maximizing the reach, originality, potential impact and interdisciplinarity of this science in Brazil.
FORMAS DE ATENUAÇÃO EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Arruda Mariana Paula Muñoz
Published: December 2020

The Pragmatics Collection, organized by the Language, Communication and Cognition Research Group CNPq, aims to present scientific research carried out in this area in its multiple dialogues with other sciences, such as neuroscience, biology, psychology, social sciences, literary studies, law , translation, social communication, among many others, as well as disseminating research applied to the most diverse contexts of human activity . This inaugural volume includes research by national and foreign doctoral professors, signed jointly with colleagues and students, with the purpose of both strengthening the exchange of ideas at ABRAP - Brazilian Association of Pragmatics, as well as maximizing the reach, originality, potential impact and interdisciplinarity of this science in Brazil.
On a new finding of Asterionella ralfsii (Bacillariophyta) in Russia
Authors: Genkal S. I. , Kharitonov V. G.
Published: December 2020

The study of the materials from an ultraoligotrophic lake Elgygytgyn has revealed Asterionella ralfsii, a member of diatoms rare to the flora of Russia. Ranges of variability of its main quantitative diagnostic features (valve length and width, striae number in 10 μm) differ considerably from those registered in populations from Europe, USA and Japan. The obtained data testify to a wider morphological variability of A. ralfsii and its geographical range.
Cevâhirü’l-Asdâf ve Tefsir Tekniği
Authors: GÜLOĞLU Nazife Vildan
Published: December 2020

Cevâhirü’l-asdâf, Candaroğulları beylerinden İsfendiyar Bey’in oğlu İbrahim Çelebi için yazdırdığı muhtasar bir tefsirdir. Eserin 15. yüzyıl başlarında Anadolu Türkçesiyle yazılan ilk tam tefsir olduğu tahmin edil-mektedir. Bu eserden önce yazılmış olan Türkçe satır-arası Kur’ân tercümeleri ve sûre veya âyet tefsirleri bulunmaktadır. Bunlara göre Cevâhirü’l-asdâf, hem âyetleri tercüme tekniği hem de tefsir yöntemi açısın-dan orijinal bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu eserde Kur’ân’ın bütününün tefsir edildiği, âyet bölümlerine bir bütün olarak anlam verildiği ve gerektiği yerlerde âyet izahlarının kısa ve anlaşılır bir dille yapıldığı görülmekte-dir. Cevâhirü’l-asdâf, kendisinden sonra yazılmış olduğu tahmin edilen Tefsîru’s-Semerkandî tercümelerine göre de gayet kısa ve yalındır. Belki de bu sebeple halkın teveccühüne mazhar olmuştur ve kütüphane-lerde pek çok nüshası bulunmaktadır. Bu tefsir, Türk dili bakımından yapılan bazı araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Buna karşılık Cevâhirü’l-asdâf’ın tefsir ilmi açısından farklı yönleriyle incelenmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmamız, bu sahada yapılan incelemelere katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada öncelikle Cevâhirü’l-asdâf'ın te’lif sebebi, muhatap kitlesi, yazılma zamanı, kaynakları, tesirleri ve üslubu hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Daha sonra ise bu eserde tefsir yönteminin nasıl kullanıldığı üzerinde durula-caktır. Böylece eserin Anadolu’da yapılan tefsir çalışmaları arasındaki yeri ve önemi tespit edilmeye çalışı-lacaktır.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2, also known as perlecan, encoded by HSPG2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of HSPG2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.
El derecho a la información y la regulación en el tratamiento de la COVID-19 en los países andinos
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

Las medidas que los gobiernos andinos dispusieron para menguar los contagios de COVID-19 generan nuevos escenarios entre los ciudadanos. Algunas políticas afectan a los medios de comunicación, al trabajo de los periodistas y alertan sobre posibles abusos al restringirse libertades. Cobra interés el examen de las autoridades de regulación de los países andinos porque, entre otros motivos, es la región latinoamericana donde la pandemia alcanzó rápidamente cifras altas y se desbordaron los sistemas de salud. La metodología es cualitativa de tipo descriptivo y relacional a través de análisis de contenidos a 1) las declaraciones de organizaciones y expertos internacionales, y las disposiciones de los gobiernos, 2) las acciones de reguladores iberoamericanos, y 3) las publicaciones en medios sociales. Las recomendaciones que brindan las instituciones extranjeras coinciden con las premisas que motivaron la creación de los órganos de regulación. Las normas nacionales acogen los debates sobre pluralismo, diversidad y derecho a la comunicación, por lo tanto, no hay ausencias de precedentes jurídicos ni de estructuras públicas. En la construcción de equilibrios entre el control de la pandemia, la recuperación económica y el mantenimiento de las garantías lo urgente es poner en marcha las ordenaciones diseñadas con la participación de los ciudadanos.
The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomized control trials.
Authors: O'Driscoll Ciarán , Buckman Joshua Eusty Jonathan , Fried Eiko I , Saunders Rob , Cohen Zachary Daniel , Ambler Gareth , DeRubeis Robert , Gilbody Simon , Hollon Steven , Kendrick Tony , Kessler David , Watkins Edward R , Lewis Glyn , Wiles Nicola , Pilling Stephen
Published: December 2020

Background: Depression is commonly perceived as a single underlying disease with a number of potential treatment options. However, patients with major depression differ dramatically in their symptom presentation and comorbidities, e.g. with anxiety disorders. There are also large variations in treatment outcomes and associations of some anxiety comorbidities with poorer prognoses, but limited understanding as to why, and little information to inform the clinical management of depression. There is a need to improve our understanding of depression, incorporating anxiety co-morbidity, and consider the association of a wide range of symptoms with treatment outcomes. Method: Individual patient data from six RCTs of depressed patients (total n=2858) were used to estimate the differential impact symptoms have on outcomes at three post intervention timepoints using individual items and sum scores. Symptom networks (Graphical Gaussian Model) were estimated to explore the functional relations among symptoms of depression and anxiety and compare networks for treatment remitters and those with persistent symptoms to identify potential prognostic indicators. Results: Item-level prediction performed similarly to sum scores when predicting outcomes at 3 to 4 months and 6 to 8 months, but outperformed sum scores for 9 to 12 months. Pessimism emerged as the most important predictive symptom (relative to all other symptoms), across these time points. In the network structure at study entry, symptoms clustered into physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Sadness, pessimism, and indecision acted as bridges between communities, with sadness and failure/worthlessness being the most central (i.e. interconnected) symptoms. Connectivity of networks at study entry did not differ for future remitters vs. those with persistent symptoms. Conclusion: The relative importance of specific symptoms in association with outcomes and the interactions within the network highlight the value of transdiagnostic assessment and formulation of symptoms to both treatment and prognosis. We discuss the potential for complementary statistical approaches to improve our understanding of psychopathology.
Can civil rights organizations deter discrimination?
Authors: Simonovits Gábor
Published: December 2020

To what extent can civil rights NGOs protect ethnic minorities against unequal treatment? We study this question by combining an audit experiment of 1260 local governments in Hungary with an intervention conducted in collaboration with a major Hungarian civil rights NGO. In the audit experiment we demonstrated that Roma individuals were about 15%-points less likely to receive responses to information request from local governments, and the responses they received were of substantially lower quality. The intervention that reminded a random subset of local governments of their legal responsibility of equal treat- ment lead to a short term reduction in their discriminatory behavior, but the effects of the intervention dissipated within a month. These findings suggest that civil rights NGOs might face substantive difficulties in trying to reduce discrimination through simple information campaigns.
Employing Value Chain Theory To Address COVID-19 Outbreak In Tourism Management: A Resilience and Stakeholder View
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak is causing severe damage to the tourism sector. Gradual restrictions are imposed by the world’s governments to improve social distancing and control the number of infected people. It creates a collapse in the tourism demand showing an unusual situation.The paper, after an in-depth analysis of the literature on the tourism value chain, aims to investigate actions and perspectives which influence tourism management in this challenging period.The study uses grounded theory to determine significant elements regarding the management of tourism. Through forty semi-structured interviews with individual people, the paper proposes a model of tourism restart based on value chain theory.The model finds out five relevant factors: tourist attractiveness (i.e., tourism flows, the composition of tourism flows, proximity tourism and coronavirus opportunities), receptive factors (i.e., new receptivity models, health, and prevention models), new business models (i.e., home delivery services, flow management applications, outdoor sports activities), digital divides (i.e., enhancement of the internet structure) and culture (i.e., new outdoor activities).This study contributes theoretically to the value chain theory establishing a model for tourism regeneration. Additionally, the paper gives new practical insights in terms of resilience activities that tourism entrepreneurs could implement for tourists.