bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Моніторинг втрат колоній медоносних бджіл (Apis mellifera L.) в Україні після зимівлі 2015-2016 рр.
Authors: Fedoriak M. M. , Timochko L. I. , Kulmanov O. M. , Volkov R. A. , Rudenko S. S.
Published: January 2018

Increasing of honey bee colony losses is considered to be a global threat to the planet's ecosystems, food security and global economy (Neumann & Carreck, 2010; van der Zee et al., 2012; van der Zee et al., 2014; Chauzat et al., 2016). A large-scale study of this phenomenon using the standard protocol is conducted by the international honey bee research association COLOSS. Ukraine has been providing the data since 2015. Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony losses in Ukraine after the winter of 2015-2016 have been analyzed according to the physiographic zones of the country. It has been established that the total loss (the sum of the dead colonies and the colonies lost due to the unsolvable queen problems) after the winter of 2015-2016 was 9.9%, which is 1.5 times lower compared to the winter of 2014-2015 (14.9%). The losses due to colonies death decreased (6.3% after the winter of 2015-2016; 13.4% after the winter of 2014-2015), while the losses due to the unsolvable queen problems increased (3.6% after the winter of 2015-2016; 1.6% after the winter of 2014-2015). The overall loss rate of 12.0% was recorded for the countries participating in the international COLOSS monitoring after the winter of 2015-2016, therefore Ukraine is considered to be the region with the comparatively low risk. Small apiaries had a significantly higher loss rate than medium and large ones. The highest loss rate was noticed in the zone of mixed forests, whereas it was the lowest in the deciduous forest zone. The majority of the respondents (44.4%) from the mixed forest zone, where the loss due to the unsolvable queen problems reached the largest scale, noted that the problems with the queens after this winter were more serious than usual, and wintering of the colonies with new queens was better, than with the old ones (83.3%). 64.4% of respondents conducted monitoring of Varroa infestation level of their colonies, and 82.5% treated the colonies against Varroa. The correlation between the use of some chemical and biotechnical methods against Varroa (lactic acid, amitraz, formic acid, hyperthermia, etc.) and losses due to both colonies death and unsolvable queen problems was revealed. It has been shown that queen replacement before winter contributes to lowering winter mortality (r = -0.18).
Investigating the internal and external factors of Imam Street in Sirjan to create urban space, emphasizing on the elderly’s need
Authors: Eghtedary Khatere
Published: January 2018

Aging is one of sensitive and critical steps of human’s growth. Investigating the limitations and needs arising from aging will significantly affect providing an appropriate environment from them. The aim of this paper is to investigate internal and external factors to create appropriate urban space, emphasizing the elderly’s need. This study is applied one in terms of goal and descriptive of the case study type (Imam Street in Sirjan, Kerman) in terms of methodology. To collect data, library method through note taking and field study through the tools of recording images were used. The variables of the study include urban space, the elderly and the needs of elderly in urban space. The criteria and features are obtained from valid library references and used in optimal designing form. Investigating the matrix of investigating internal factors (identifying the strengths and weaknesses) and the matrix of evaluating external factors (identifying opportunities and threats of the area) indicated that total score of internal factors to create urban space, emphasizing on the elderly’s need in Sirjan was 5.47, indicating the strength of internal factors. The score of external factors was obtained as 4.98, showing that the area hasn’t been able to exploit the factors, creating opportunity or avoid the threatening ones.
To the first many-plumed moths fauna of Armenia (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae)
Authors: Ustjuzhanin P. Ya. , Kovtunovich V. N.
Published: January 2018

A review of 6 species of many-plumed moths from Armenia is given. Two of them previously described from Caucasus, Alucita caucasica Zagulajev, 1986 and Alucita araxella Zagulajev, 2000 are synonymized under Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859 and Alucita grammodactyla Zeller, 1841 respectively.
Freshwater sponges and their associated invertebrates in the Great Lakes Basin (Mongolia)
Authors: Palatov D. M. , Sokolova A. M.
Published: January 2018

The Great Lakes Depression is a large semi-arid region, whose freshwater invertebrate fauna is poorly known. Examining 37 waterbodies, we found freshwater sponges Eunapius fragilis and Spongilla lacustris (fragments) in the only one small river. Invertebrate species complex found on the sponges comprises nine species, their contribution to the assemblage was assessed by the metabolic intensity index.
Many-plumed moths of the republic of South Africa (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae)
Authors: Ustjuzhanin P. Ya. , Kovtunovich V. N.
Published: January 2018

The present study provides a review of 26 Alucitidae species of the Republic of South Africa. 5 species are reported for the first time for the fauna of RSA. New synonymies are established for 3 species: Alucita brachyzona (Meyrick, 1920) is synonymized under Alucita tesserata (Meyrick, 1918), and Alucita megaphimus (Hering, 1917) and Alucita loxoschista (Meyrick, 1931) are synonymized under Alucita seychellensis (T.B. Fletcher, 1910). The type localities, general distribution in RSA and in its provinces are given.
Benthic macroinvertebrates of the watercourses of the South Khangai (Mongolia)
Authors: Palatov D. M. , Maryinskiy V. V.
Published: January 2018

Based on the original material collected in June 2010, a list of aquatic invertebrates found in the watercourses of the endorheic basins of the South Khangai is given. A total of 129 species, mainly widespread transpalaearctic animals, have been found. In general, the fauna is depleted, but contains a certain number of peculiar endemics.
The Pterophoridae fauna (Lepidoptera) of Thailand
Authors: Ustjuzhanin P. Ya. , Kovtunovich V. N.
Published: January 2018

We give a full list of Pterophoridae species of Thailand fauna, including type habitats, synonymy, worldwide distribution (adding new data). For 4 species new for Thailand we provide data of the collected material. Now the plume moths fauna of Thailand includes 38 species.
Benthic fauna and communities of the lagoon water bodies of the White Sea by the example of Lake Kislo-Sladkoe
Authors: Chertoprud M. V. , Chertoprud E. S. , Palatov D. M. , Novichkova A. A.
Published: January 2018

In the present research the investigation of the lake Kislo-Sladkoe, a small brackish lagoon on the coast of Kandalakshsky Gulf of the White Sea, was conducted. In total 21 species of macrobenthic invertebrates identified and seven types of macrobenthic communities, derived from marine, estuarial and freshwater types, descried. Also, six meiobenthic species of the order Harpacticoida were found. The ecological peculiarities of the macro and meiobenthic taxa and the comparison with the biota of other brackish waters of the White Sea coast are described.
New records of Lepidoptera from the South of West Siberian Plain
Authors: Knyazev S. A. , Ivonin V. V. , Sinev S. Yu. , Lvovsky A. L. , Dubatolov V. V. , Vasilenko S. V. , Ustjuzhanin P. Ya. , Ponomaryov K. B. , Sal'nik A. A.
Published: January 2018

The paper contains information on 26 Lepidoptera species from Omsk and Novosibirsk Provinces that are firstly reported from the territory of these Provinces. 7 of them are new for the West Siberian Plain. One species - Heterogenea asella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) is the first indication of the Family Limacodidae in Siberia. Finds of Epischnia illotella Zeller, 1839 and Asthena anseraria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) are new for the Asian part of Russia.
Agroecological aspect of the valorization of enriched compost household fermentable refuse production: cases of the town of Tiaret (Al
Authors: Berrayah M. , Maatoug M. , Azzaoui M. E. , Hadidja N. , Wendatta d’Aquin D. T. , Ganete A. , Zhukov O. V.
Published: January 2018

Composting is a process for the biological treatment of waste. This work consists of the valorization of the fermentable fraction of the household waste (FFOM) of the city of Tiaret by the production of enriched compost and its physicochemical characterization. In this context, 50 kg of selectively collected FFOM were composted by the Andean composting technique with mechanical turning and oxygen supply by aeration. Two enrichment treatments were applied. The first consists of the addition of ash on the waste to be compacted and the second, the addition of urea on the 25th day of the process. After two months of composting, the screening gave a mass of 2.06 kg of which, 4.12% of the initial mass. The physico-chemical analyzes concerned pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, moisture, dry matter, organic matter, mineral matter and total organic carbon. The enrichment treatments carried out also made it possible to improve the agronomic value of the compost from the category of organic amendments to that of organo-mineral fertilizers.
Вплив обробітку ґрунту та мінеральних добрив на біологічну активність ґрунту під посівами кукурудзи цукрової
Authors: Lykhovyd P. V. , Lavrenko S. O.
Published: January 2018

The article is devoted to study of the biological activity of soil under sweet corn crops depending on tillage depth, mineral fertilizers application rate with drip irrigation in the soil-ecological conditions of the Dry Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The plan of the experiment foresaw study of such factors: A — tillage depth (moldboard plowing on 20-22 and 28-30 cm); B — mineral fertilizers application rate (no fertilizers, N60P60, N120P120); C — plants density (35, 50, 65, 80 plants ha-1). We used water of the Ingulets irrigation system for irrigation. The water belongs to II quality class by agronomical criteria of the DSTU 2730-94 and its suitability for irrigation is limited. We studied the soil biological activity on variants with 65 plants ha-1 by the indicies of its respiration rate (method of V.I. Shtatnov) and linen decomposition degree (“application” method). At the same time we have made monitoring of the soil meliorative state  depending on the moldboard plowing depth by the toxic salts content, anionic-cationic composition of the aqueous soil extract. The results of the laboratory-field experiments prove that the moldboard plowing depth , mineral fertilizers application rates and soil meliorative state have an influence on its biological activity. The maximum respiration rate, which is used to characterize an activity of the aerobic microflora of the upper soil layers, was at moldboard plowing on depth of 20-22 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 250.0 mg СО2/m2×hour. Increase of the tillage depth and mineral fertilizers application rate significantly decreased carbonic acid emission to the athmosphere, which was the minimum of 178.3 mg СО2/m2×h. The maximum linen decomposition degree, which is used to characterize an activity of the cellulose-decomposing soil microflora, was at moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 58.3%. The tillage depth changed cellulose-decomposing soil microflora activity insignificantly. Mineral fertilizers application at the maximum rate of N120P120decreased cellulose-decomposing soil biota activity 1.7 times comparatively to non-fertilized variant. Higher toxic salts concentration (at 0.006-0.019 %), sodium ions content (at 0.15-0.38 mg-eq/100 g of soil) in the 0-50 cm layer led to decrease of the soil biological activity. We consider, that the best from the agroecological point of view is the variant with moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm, mineral fertilizers application rate N120P120.
Іхтіофауна Тилігульського лиману на початку XXI століття
Authors: Snigirov S. , Bushuev S. , Chernikov G. , Kovtun O. , Zamorov V. , Kurakin A.
Published: January 2018

The aim of our research was to study the current state of ichthyofauna of the Tiligulskiy Estuary and to provide the scientific background to improve the functioning of the fishing connecting channel. The modern ichthyofauna of the Tiligulskiy lyman includes 24 fish species from 18 genera and 11 families. Only 9 of them (Mediterranean species) are widespread in the estuary at present time. We suggested that the dynamics of species composition depends of the salinity of estuarine water. The basis of modern catches consists of Sand smelt (up to 90%) and gobies. The catch of mullet (predominantly Golden grey mullet and Red-lip mullet), anchovy, and European flounder is rather insignificant. The increase of migratory fish species catches is possible when operating fishing connecting channel would be equipped in accordance with fishery recommendations.
Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea
Authors: Shmagol' V. N. , Yarysh V. L. , Ivanov S. P. , Maltsev V. I.
Published: January 2018

The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.
Organic production on fallow lands and import substitution
Authors: Voronkova O. Yu. , Baryshnikov G. Ya. , Baryshnikova O. N. , Sokolova O. N.
Published: January 2018

The topical issues of formation and development of agriculture, based on the production of organic products were considered in the article. The article presents the concept of "organic agriculture", "agriculture, focused on the production of organic products", and explains the author's understanding of their content. Specific background of involvement in agricultural production turnover of fallow and unused land for the purpose of organic agriculture was justified and grounded. It is important to note that the special importance of the problem of fallow and abandoned land noted the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in the annual message of the President to the Federal Assembly in 2016. The article substantiates the main directions of formation and implementation of the concept-oriented agriculture to organic production, the level of subjects of the Russian Federation in the framework of the strategy of food import substitution.

The authors proposed the methodology of formation and realization of regional targeted programs of agricultural development, on its basis was developed a project of the regional target program "Involvement in agricultural production is not used for the intended purpose of arable and fallow agricultural lands of the Altai Krai for the production of organic products for 2017–2022". The prognosis of production of agricultural products of the Altai territory, the allocation of shares of organic agricultural products and performance assessment was calculated from the strategic plans of development of the organic sector of agriculture of the Altai territory and the project of the regional target program already developed by the authors.
Особливості жирової тканини і внутрішніх органів у бичків, що мають різну скороспілість росту
Authors: Ugnivenko A. N. , Tokar U. I.
Published: January 2018

Data on fat tissue distribution by various fat deposits as well as internal organs of the bulls of Ukrainian beef breed at 22,5 months of age with different growth rates have been presented in the article. Growth rate was estimated by average daily gain from 8 to 12 months of age. Depending on the growth rates, the bulls were divided into fast growing group (with average daily gains exceeding 1090 g, averaged 1207 g) and slow growing group (below 1090 g/day, averaged 1015 g). It has been proved that the lowest percentage from the total amount of fat was attributed to pericardial fat tissue and intramuscular fat tissue, the highest - to intestines, omentum and skin. Cattle with relatively higher daily gains had higher ability to accumulate raw fat by 4,5%, including pericardial fat – in 2 times, perinephric fat – by 4,5%, intestinal fat – by 10,6% and intramuscular fat – by 24%. Weight of animal organs and body parts, such as head, internal organs etc. can be considered as a factor that determine slaughter percentage. Cattle with higher rates of gain have the tendency to have higher fat output from the carcass by 5.8% and lower weight of head (by 9,6 %), lungs (by 12,5 %), and internal secretion glands, including testicles (by 8,9 %). For the effective beef production, the bulls with lower rates of gain from 8 to 12 months of age are better suited, because they are relatively taller, which indicates higher rate of metabolism, and lower predispose to fat accumulation.
Project-oriented financing and climate change mitigation planning in developing countries
Authors: Ghaffarian E. , Ghaffarian A. , Hasheminasab M.
Published: January 2018

We considered the environment as a natural source and initial and basic foundation of investment for modern societies and developed countries from economic, political and social concern. In all countries, the quality of environment is of great importance and subject of management activity. We suggested that developed countries for the reason of dynamic economy and having economic actors by friendly improvement on substructures of environment overcomes to decrease of unnatural process in climate change is a problem and mental disturbance of all counties, so cooperation on political, legal and economical aspect with developing countries is considered one of the obligations of today world. Numerous international contracts and conventions are of great importance in terms of the cooperation between the states for the recognition and decrease of climate change, but it is not enough. We supposed the modern disasters caused by climate change should be essential need to change of substructures in societies, whereas the developing countries are rather unable to invest in this field and meet these challenges. We came to conclusion that developed countries as the investors need frequently use the project-oriented financial security for providing the management plans to decrease climate change.
Clematis vitalba L. – потенциально инвазионный вид для Ростовской области
Authors: Kozlovskiy B. L. , Fedorinova O. I. , Kuropyatnikov M. V. , Dmitriev P. A.
Published: January 2018

The naturalization process of Clematis vitalba L. was studied in the territory of the Botanical Garden of South Federal University. It is established that species has high resistance to the climatic regional factors, is not affected by pests and diseases, and could produce viable seeds. Clematis vitalba seeds that are produced in Botanical Garden have deep physiological dormancy. The study of the phenological cycle of Clematis vitalba showed that this species belongs to the phenological group characterized by the early terms of the beginning and late completion of the growing season. This species has a long shoot growth, which provides good regeneration and active colonization of large area. Clematis vitalba spread over the woody communities of the Botanical garden and inhabit large areas due to vegetative propagation. We founded that the plant death at the seedling emergence stage caused by arid conditions was the main obstacle to the expansion of this species across the territory of Botanical Garden. We suggested that Clematis vitalba could be dangerous invasive species for floodplain and gully forest of the Rostov region.
Применение экологического блока критериальных ограничений в экономико-математическом моделировании органического производства в АПК
Authors: Voronkova O. Yu. , Sycheva I. N.
Published: January 2018

The article presents a method of parallel optimization of structure of sowing areas for the calculation of economic-mathematical models. There models could be applied for traditional and oriented way towards organic production the land use system, characterized by the introduction of an additional unit of environmental criteria restrictions. We supposed that the provision of land suitable for organic production, gross production volume of organic products and the cost of its production. Based on the proposed methodology, the mathematical model proved its effectiveness of the functioning of the zonal agricultural ecosystem "Foothills of Altai". We calculated that the turnover of land suitable for organic production and the level of profitability was of 39.7% against 17.3% at optimization of the structure of sown areas under traditional agricultural production that was subject to full involvement in production of agricultural production.

 
UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS analysis and TLC–DPPH· activity of wheat varieties
Authors: Kowalska I. , Jedrejek D. , Jonczyk K. , Stochmal A.
Published: January 2018

Wheat is a major crop, an important component of the human diet and important source of animal fodder in the world. Characterization of phenolic profiles of the leading wheat cultivars is important for new opportunities for breeding and eventual commercial production of value-added cultivars rich in beneficial components. A method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with photodiode-array detector–electrospray ion source–mass spectrometry (UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS) has been developed for determination of phenolic compounds contained in twelve winter and thirteen spring wheat varieties. The antioxidant activity was determined by the thin-layer chromatography–2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (TLC–DPPH•) test with image processing by means of the ImageJ program. Based on retention time, the mass of deprotonated molecule [M−H]− and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, seven phenolic acids, and twelve flavonoids were identified and quantitated in the 80% aqueous methanol extract of the wheat varieties. The average concentrations of total researched compounds were definitely higher in spring wheat cultivars than in winter ones. Varieties Trappe and Kandela showed the most elevated values of total free phenolic acids. Kandela and Ostka Smolicka had the highest content of flavonoids, and isoorientin was detected as the main phenolic in wheat cultivars. Additionally, a correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic acids content was observed. UPLC combined with PDA–ESI–MS could be applied to complete characterization of natural products (e.g., phenolics) in alcoholic extracts from wheat varieties.
Myth, Materiality, and Book of Mormon Apologetics
Authors: Hammer Olav
Published: January 2018

The Book of Mormon, first published in 1830, presents a detailed account of the migration of several groups from the ancient Near East to the Americas, and how these groups became the ancestors of the Native Americans. The description of these migrations fits well with common early nineteenth-century beliefs about the origins of the indigenous populations of America, but contradicts in numerous ways the scientific consensus that emerged roughly a century ago. Key apologists have constructed a range of arguments for the literal truth of the Book of Mormon account. This article examines the structure of a number of common apologetic arguments, and shows how interpretive commentary can project new meanings on a canonical text.
The Resurrection of the Body
Authors: Rheinheimer Martin
Published: January 2018

This article analyses visual and written materials which indicate some of the interesting changes that the authoritative, Christian doctrine of bodily resurrection underwent in modernity. These materials document a growing gap between the authoritative creed and people’s beliefs, which cannot, I argue, be attributed solely to intellectual changes, but which was also highly reliant on changes in material living conditions and medical and hygienic progress. The article suggests that the belief in the resurrection of the body was quite firm in the general population even in the eighteenth century - the century of the Enlightenment, but that it faded towards the end of the nineteenth century due to changes in the material life conditions, such as medical progress and a decline in child mortality. My sources are gathered from the predominantly Lutheran former Duchy of Schleswig, and particularly from northern Friesland, and consist of personal letters, sermons, and visual sources such as church paintings and gravestone images. By means of selected examples, I investigate what the authoritative dogma of belief in the resurrection of the body meant to ordinary people. I trace the causes of this belief, and I discuss why it faded towards the end of the nineteenth century.
El emprendimiento en adultos mayores y su entrenamiento como oportunidad para favorecer el envejecimiento activo.
Authors: Padilla Góngora David , López-Liria Remedios , Aguilar-Parra José Manuel , Lozano-Segura Mª Carmen , Morales Montoya Ana
Published: January 2018

Introducción: Ante el cambio demográfico que experimenta la población mundial, es necesario tener en cuenta el envejecimiento acelerado que provocará que en 2050 existan 2000 millones de personas con más de 60 años. Esto nos lleva a plantearnos fórmulas que hagan posible un envejecimiento activo, abriendo posibilidades de autorrealización y crecimiento personal y profesional hasta el final de la vida. Es por ello que aumenta el valor del emprendimiento en personas adultas mayores y los programas que lo fomentan.Objetivos: Plasmar los estudios más recientes en emprendimiento en adultos mayores y los programas que se están desarrollando para fomentar el envejecimiento activo.Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos de Ciencias Sociales, empleando los descriptores: “Envejecimiento activo”, “Emprendimiento + adultos mayores”, “Emprendimiento + social”, “Emprendimiento + mentoría y Envejecimiento mundial”.Resultados: se muestran algunos factores que potencian el emprendimiento en adultos mayores y sus beneficios, qué variables influyen negativamente en el emprendimiento y Programas de emprendimiento en adultos mayores, como el Female Proyect, Grundvig o Memoro.Conclusión: El desarrollo cognitivo a lo largo de la vida favorece la longevidad del adulto mayor. Ese desarrollo cognitivo puede darse de muchas maneras, siendo la participación social de la persona una de ellas. Los adultos mayores pueden poner en práctica los conocimientos que han adquirido a lo largo de su vida en actividades en la comunidad; otra posibilidad es elemprendimiento tras la jubilación, bien con fines de negocio o con impacto social.
Combatiendo el prejuicio en personas mayores desde la formación.
Authors: Palmero Cámara Carmen , Álvarez del Castillo J.L. , Luis Rico Isabel , De La Torre Cruz Tamara , Escolar Llamazares Camino , González González Josefa , Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel , Jiménez Eguizábal Alfredo
Published: January 2018

El presente estudio analiza la efectividad de un procedimiento de reducción automática del prejuicio, basado en la asunción de la perspectiva de los miembros de grupos estereotipados.Específicamente, se aborda la evaluación de esta estrategia cognitiva en población mayor, y se contemplan variables potencialmente moduladoras entre la intervención y sus efectos sobre el prejuicio: personalidad, valores, empatía y atribución. Se recogieron datos en una muestra de 58 participantes con edad media de 63 años, en la que se implementó una intervención basada en imaginería mental dirigida a la reducción del prejuicio. Los resultados muestran una moderada efectividad de la estrategia y hallan interacción con diversas variables moduladoras. Particularmente fue la amabilidad, junto con la actividad atribucional y los valores de benevolencia, universalismo, autodirección y conformidad, los que intervinieron modulando la eficacia de la toma de perspectiva. La discusión, además de contrastar paralelismos y divergencias con los resultados de otros experimentos, sugiere algunas aplicaciones en la formación de personas mayores, demostrando que la autorregulación cognitiva se plantea como una competencia relevante en los estadios avanzados de la vida, decisiva para lograr un envejecimiento activo, satisfactorio e inclusivo.
Cambios en los estereotipos sobre la vejez de estudiantes tras su participación en un proyecto intergeneracional.
Authors: Elliott Priscila V , Rubio Laura
Published: January 2018

A pesar del nuevo modelo de envejecimiento exitoso que está emergiendo, vemos que aún persisten imágenes negativas y estereotipos asociados a los mayores. Desde el “modelo de la personalización” se postula que el contacto intergrupal permite crear una representación más variada del exogrupo, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de un Proyecto Intergeneracional para la deconstrucción de estereotipos negativos sobre la vejez en participantes jóvenes. Se evaluaron los estereotipos negativos detentados por los 24 alumnos participantes, anteriormente y posteriormente a la ejecución del Proyecto Intergeneracional (PI), estudiándose asimismo posibles factores predictores de los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados mostraron que la participación en el PI produjo cambios significativos a nivel de los estereotipos; quienes habían tenido poco o nulo contacto con mayores previamente al PI mejoraron marcadamente su perspectiva de la salud y de la motivación-sociabilidad de este colectivo, mientras que los que mostraban estereotipos más marcados inicialmente mejoraron significativamente su visión de aspectos motivacionalessociales y de carácter-personalidad de los mayores. Estos resultados sugieren que los PI podrían ser importantes herramientas para propiciar relaciones intergeneracionales solidarias y positivas, en la medida en que permiten promover un cambio substancial en las representaciones cognitivas del exogrupo.
Evaluación del programa de desarrollo cognitivo "inteligencia XXI"
Authors: Salguero García Darío , Álvarez Hernández Joaquín , Domínguez Peláez Antonio
Published: January 2018

Como es bien conocido los efectos del envejecimiento abarcan no solamente a las facultades físicas sino que invade a las capacidades intelectuales afectando a lo que conocemos como habilidades de tipo cognitivo, como son la memoria, la atención, los distintos tipos del lenguaje, la capacidad para resolver problemas, las diferentes modalidades de pensamiento, la toma de decisiones, etc. Esta pérdida de facultades se produce de forma progresiva de modo que se inicia con unos signos que son apenas perceptibles y que avanzan de forma inexorable hasta adquirir una gravedad que puede llegar a limitar o a incapacitar de forma severa al sujeto. Lo mismo que hay multitud de causas que aceleran estos procesos, existen mecanismos que pueden retrasar sus efectos o detener esa pérdida de destrezas de tipo intelectual. Esta es la razón por la que desde el campo de la Psicología se viene trabajando en programas que desarrollen diversos tipos de actividades mentales que refuercen los aspectos cognitivos de cada persona y le permitan aminorar los efectos del paso del tiempo, en cierto modo se trataría de frenar el envejecimiento mental por medio del entrenamiento.Para hacer frente a los retos que suponen los problemas del envejecimiento, planteamos un programa que entrena las funciones cognitivas que tienen mayor trascendencia en el mantenimiento de la mente activa, entre las que destacamos estrategias verbales, el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de aspectos emocionales para mejorar la autoestima, ejercicios que eleven las destrezas de tipo perceptivo, se aborda la inteligencia numérica desde distintos puntos de vista, se trabaja la resolución de situaciones problemáticas y la toma de decisiones, y finalmente se incluyen habilidades de pensamiento que son la esencia de la mayor parte de los objetivos propuestos.
Percepción en personas mayores de qué podría ayudarnos a morir en paz.
Authors: Gil-Juliá B , Ballester-Arnal R , Ruiz-Palomino E , Castro-Calvo J
Published: January 2018

Los cambios acontecidos en los últimos tiempos en nuestra sociedad han favorecido la negación de la muerte tanto a nivel social como en el ámbito médico en particular, utilizando todos los procedimientos terapéuticos disponibles para intentar evitarla, y considerándola como un fracaso del conocimiento cuando aparece. La muerte no puede retrasarse indefinidamente y cuando llega, lo más importante es asegurar que se reúnan las condiciones necesarias para que la persona pueda morir en paz. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar aquellos aspectos que ayudarían a facilitar una muerte en paz según las personas mayores, analizando la posible influencia en esta valoración de variables sociodemográficas. 152 adultos con edades comprendidas entre los 50 y 77 años cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Ayuda a Morir en Paz. Los resultados muestran que para las personas mayores los aspectos prioritarios al final de la vida serían aquellos relativos a la cercanía de las personas queridas, el control del sufrimiento físico y el sentido de la vida. En cambio, los dos factores menos valorados han sido creer en otra vida después de la muerte y pensar que se pueda morir en casa. El análisis diferencial en función de variables sociodemográficas muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de haber sufrido o no alguna enfermedad cercana a la muerte y las creencias religiosas, así como correlaciones también significativas en función de la edad. Conocer los aspectos que priorizan las personas mayores al final de la vida nos permitirá ofrecer una atención más ajustada a sus necesidades particulares siendo conscientes de que es necesario tener en cuenta posibles diferencias individuales.
La reserva cognitiva como posible factor protector ante los trastornos del estado de ánimo en la vejez.
Authors: Cuart Sintes María Isabel
Published: January 2018

En el período de envejecimiento se produce una situación de atrofia y muerte neuronal lo cual ocasiona que algunas funciones cognitivas puedan verse afectadas cuando la persona se hace mayor. El cerebro humano tiene la capacidad de cambiar de estructura y función en respuesta a mecanismos internos o externos, mecanismos que se engloban dentro del constructo denominado reserva cognitiva.El objetivo de esta comunicación es profundizar sobre este constructo, analizar las diferencias del mismo por grupo de edad, y estudiar su posible relación con la reducción de la incidencia de la depresión en los adultos mayores, la cual consitituye uno de los problemas de salud mental más relevante en esa etapa del ciclo vital.Los resultados muestran que la reserva cognitiva se relaciona con una menor incidencia de síntomas depresivos en los adultos mayores, y que dentro de éstos, los menores de 75 años presentan una reserva cognitiva más fuerte que los que superan esa edad.
Impacto da satisfação com apoio social em atletas.
Authors: Moisão Ana , Brito-Costa Sónia , Maldonado Briegas Juan José , Vicente Castro Florêncio
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi perceber as relações entre os aspetos psicossociais que favore cem e ou inibem a performance desportiva, sendo a satisfação com o suporte social uma variável de sucesso para o rendimento que pode afetar o desempenho e influenciar os resultados. Utilizou-se a versão Portuguesa da (ESSS) Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (Ribeiro, 1999) numa amostra constituída por 302 atletas séniores de futebol, género masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 38 anos de idade. A análise estatística foi efectuada através do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 para Windows. O estudo revelou que a perceção que o atleta tem do suporte social é passível de afetar e influenciar o seu equilíbrio global e a satisfação com o suporte social é influenciada pela idade, lesões ou doenças, escalão competitivo, período de treino, número de treinos semanais, posição de jogo e tempo gasto nas deslocações para o treino. Os resultados permitem delinear programas preventivos e de intervenção durante as fases de pré-competição e competição.
Factors influencing view of healthcare professionals on spiritual needs of patients.
Authors: Andrási Imrich , Minarik Milan , Sichman Marek
Published: January 2018

Dying process can take different forms, may be perceived differently by persons present during the process, and it can be differently asses by dying because of their individuality. We must realize that every death is related to leave-taking man what man liked, with those whom he loved and who were close to him. Man is preparing himself to the dying during all his life, because the way of life is the way to death and man is trying to take it, but he must learn it. We often might think that in dying we are losing happiness, peace, values that we profess and everything we owned. This raises contradictory reactions in dying and in those that are touched by death. The patient in terminal stage of the disease is entrusted to palliative care, which currently aims to ensure to provide for patients a good quality of life until the end. On the other hand, consciousness of mortality often gives life balance and teaches human responsibility for the rest of their life. Some values in these period accents and some diminish the significance. Spiritual needs are closely related to the search for the meaning of life and death and cannot be limited to religiosity, although in most cases they are in this way understood.
Mindfulness en discapacidad intelectual. Un estudio.
Authors: Collazo Riobo Carla , González-Santos Josefa , González-Bernal Jerónimo , Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel , Padilla-Góngora David , Del Barrio Jose A , Palmero-Cámara Carmen
Published: January 2018

Introducción: La discapacidad intelectual presenta una serie de manifestaciones clínicas que repercuten a nivel psicológico, emocional, social y funcional. El Mindfulness pretende cambiar la relación que las personas mantienen con las actividades diarias, procurando dirigirlas al momento presente. De esta forma conocerán mejor sus respuestas en el medio, y se favorecerá una regulación emocional y conductual.Objetivo: Evidenciar el efecto que la aplicación de la técnica Mindfulness tiene como medio para mejorar las destrezas de comunicación y sociales en personas con discapacidad intelectual, desde terapia ocupacional.Metodología: Estudio de tipo longitudinal, cuasi-experimental. Se recogen datos sobre las habilidades sociales de los usuarios y las facetas del Mindfulness, mediante las escalas EHS y FFMQ respectivamente. La intervención se realizó con la técnica Mindfulness en 8 sesiones de 45 minutos. Y una muestra de 12 usuarios, con una edad promedio de 40 años (DT = ± 8,21307).Resultados: Se obtuvieron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en la autoexpresión en situaciones sociales y en el inicio de interacciones positivas con el sexo opuesto.Conclusiones: Las puntuaciones han mejorado en todas las variables en el post-test, aunque no todas de forma significativa. Probablemente aumentar el número de sesiones incrementaría la probabilidad de encontrar resultados más significativos.
La emocionalización del pensamiento adulto en la vejez: teorías y soporte empírico.
Authors: Salto Alemany Francisco , Requena Carmen , Requena Penélope , Álvarez-Merino Paula
Published: January 2018

En este artículo se describen las teorías cognitivo-emocionales de la vejez con el objeto de contribuir al conocimiento teórico del fenómeno de la vejez. Estas teorías coinciden en destacar el diverso recorrido que en términos de desarrollo presentan la cognición y la emoción. Mientras que la cognición disminuye su rendimiento en múltiples variables con una tasa lineal respecto del tiempo cronológico, la emoción no sólo está intacta en la vejez, sino que contribuye a mejorar el rendimiento de tareas cognitivas.
El efecto peanuts en la toma de decisiones intertemporales.
Authors: Cruz Rambaud Salvador , Sánchez Pérez Ana María
Published: January 2018

La elección intertemporal hace referencia a la toma de decisiones individuales cuando se analizan las preferencias entre dos recompensas disponibles en distintos momentos del tiempo. Es decir, trata de analizar la preferencia o la indiferencia entre dos recompensas (x1,t1) y (x2,t2), donde x1<x2 y t1<t2 (Cruz et al., 2016). El modelo tradicionalmente utilizado para describir el comportamiento individual es el modelo de utilidad descontada (Samuelson, 1937). Se trata de un modelo descuento exponencial que supone que las decisiones tomadas por los agentes son racionales y consistentes. Posteriores estudios empíricos han demostrado que el modelo de utilidad descontada debe ser corregido teniendo en cuenta las denominadas “anomalías en la elección intertemporal” para que este proceso pueda definir adecuadamente el comportamiento de los agentes. Algunas de las anomalías más conocidas son el efecto plazo, el efecto magnitud, el efecto signo, el efecto secuencia y el efecto diseminación. No obstante, una anomalía que, hasta el momento, no ha sido abordada en profundidad y que merece especial consideración es el denominado efecto peanuts. Esta anomalía considera que la aversión al riesgo aumenta para grandes recompensas, estando los individuos más dispuestos a tomar mayores riesgos cuando la cantidad en juego es menor (Weber y Chapman, 2005). La propensión a tomar decisiones arriesgadas cuando está en juego una recompensa con un montante pequeño se explica, en parte, porque la anticipación de la emoción negativa de decepción es menor que aquélla que se produce cuando el valor de la recompensa esperada es mayor. De esta manera, el sujeto decisor es más propenso al riesgo ante recompensas pequeñas y/o poco probables, donde esta emoción negativa no está presente o es más débil. En este trabajo, se presenta un análisis del efecto peanuts a través de una revisión de la literatura así como de su tratamiento matemático.  El presente trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto: “La Sostenibilidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud: Reformas, Estrategias y Propuestas” (referencia: DER2016-76053-R).
Influencia de la personalidad en la salud y en la participación social de las personas mayores: el papel de la extraversión y del optimismo.
Authors: Dumitrache Cristina G , Aranda Lourdes , Buego-Guirado Cristina , Rubio Laura
Published: January 2018

La salud y la participación son dos pilares fundamentales del envejecimiento activo por lo que es importante entender las variables que los afectan. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre extraversión, optimismo y salud y participación social en personas mayores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 406 personas mayores (M=74.88, DT= 6.75) que vivían en Granada capital. La extraversión y el optimismo correlacionaban positivamente con el estado percibido de salud y con la participación social y negativamente con el número de enfermedades. La asociación entre personalidad y participación social eran más fuerte que la asociación entre personalidad y salud. El presente estudio destaca la importancia de la personalidad para la salud y la participación social de las personas mayores por tanto es relevante tener en cuenta la personalidad en los modelos de envejecimiento activo.
Cuidados de comercialização e nontragem no ajuste de cuidados de longo prazo.
Authors: Nunes Grilo Eugénia , Mendes Felismina Rosa
Published: January 2018

Os Cuidados de Longa Duração em Portugal representam um grupo abrangente de assistências destinadas às pessoas que necessitam da ajuda de outros por longos períodos de tempo, sobretudo idosos. Nas últimas décadas, a importância de apoiar os idosos dependentes tem sido reforçada pelos decisores políticos, com expressão no aumento das respostas destinadas a esta população e na melhoria dos serviços prestados. A maior atenção aos cuidados de longa duração tornou possível o reconhecimento da especificidade destes contextos que exige competências específicas que se configuram com o cuidar. Conceito central em numerosas relações, entendido como modo de ser, ou um modo de agir, o cuidar e o cuidado impõem-se face à constatação da vulnerabilidade do ser humano, mais acentuada quando este envelhece. Com este trabalho pretendeu-se identificar comportamentos de cuidar e não cuidar em contexto de cuidados de longa duração, compreender como é transposto ou não este conceito para a prática de cuidados com idosos e relacionar essas práticas de cuidar percebidas e expressadas com os recursos e os contextos. Este estudo, de conceção exploratória e interpretativa e de desenho misto integrou 113 idosos e 65 enfermeiros, provenientes de 10 contextos de cuidados de longa duração que incluíram lares de idosos e respostas integradas na Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados distribuídos por 7 localidades do distrito de Castelo Branco.A informação foi obtida através do Inventário de Comportamentos de Cuidar adaptado do Caring Behaviors Inventory e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise e interpretação da informação permitiram concluir que os comportamentos de cuidar estão presentes na relação entre os idosos e os enfermeiros e são percebidos e definidos como tal.Contudo, em alguns contextos, os idosos identificaram comportamentos e atitudes consistentes com não cuidar onde o elemento tempo surgiu como estruturante dessas perceções.