bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Influence of Silicon Crystal Dislocation on Removal in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polishing
Authors: Jia Guang Lu , Li Bing , Zhang Ju Fan
Published: November 2016

Compared to perfect crystal lattice, typical edge dislocation structure has been modeled by quantum chemistry simulation in order to analyze the influence of crystal structure defects on removal process in atmospheric pressure plasma polishing (APPP). The Partial density of states (PDOS), number of states, average number of bonding electrons and energy have been calculated and analyzed further for these models. The analysis results reveal that silicon crystal with edge dislocation can be etched more easily than that of perfect crystal lattice. It is also found that the removal rate of sample with higher dislocation density is larger than that of lower dislocation density in the same experiment conditions. Thus, theoretical simulation demonstrates that structure dislocation is helpful for raising the etching rate, which accords well with testifying experiments results. But maybe structure dislocation could deteriorate surface roughness to some extent in initial stage of machining, as the dislocation structure is usually etched unevenly, although this is just a transition period.
Chip Package Interaction Considerations in Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging
Authors: Ray Urmi
Published: November 2016

With the advent of thinner die/packages, new materials and more complex packages Chip Package Interaction has become a larger concern for the industry. Wafer Level Packages and variants such as Fan Out Wafer Level Packages (FOWLP) have an additional risk which we refer to as Chip Board Interaction. This talk will discuss some of the basics of the CPI and CBI risks to FOWLP which include both mechanical and electrical risks to products. These mechanisms span the Design, Process and Package domains and as such requires a collaborative efforts to manage the risks and trade-offs.
Resistant hypertension in elderly patient with nephropathy in primary and secondary care settings
Authors: Magro Valerio Massimo , Caturano Michele , Cacciapuoti Fulvio , Lama Diana , Cacciapuoti Federico
Published: November 2016

Resistant hypertension is defined as a blood pressure above therapeutic goals, despite the concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different pharmacological classes, and all being administered according to an optimum dosage schedule. The prevalence of resistant hypertension in the older people has not yet been exactly quantified. The updated available estimates deriving from some clinical trials report a prevalence of approximately 20-30% of all hypertensive patients. Advanced age seems to be an important risk factor in resistant forms of high blood pressure. Therefore this clinical condition may potentially increase in the coming years. Chronic kidney disease is the most frequent comorbidity associated with resistant hypertension and often leads to poor prognosis. The article describes a case report of an older subject with such a clinical condition suggesting diagnostic and therapeutic plan based on a rational strategy to control hypertension and the most recent knowledge reported in the medical literature.
Linagliptin is associated to increased treatment adherence and satisfaction in elderly outpatients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gregorio Franco , Guerrini Eleonora , Gregorio Daniele , Montecchiani Giorgio
Published: November 2016

The treatment of diabetes in frail elderly patients with decreased renal function is challenging and insufficiently supported by evidence. Due to their good tolerability and low hypoglycemic risk, oral dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as a reasonable option for glycemic control in the elderly. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin, a long acting, oral DPP-4 inhibitor with a predominantly nonrenal elimination route, in elderly patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was a retrospective, observational study in outpatients with type 2 diabetes and advanced-stage CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) referring to a diabetes clinic in Italy. Patients were switched from basal insulin to oral linagliptin 5 mg once daily and observed for 14 months. Assessed variables included glycemic control (HbA1c target, 7.5%-8.0%), adherence to treatment (Morisky questionnaire) and patient satisfaction (diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire). Adverse events, including hypoglycemic episodes, were also recorded. Thirty patients [mean (±standard deviation) age 70.2 (±8.2) years, HbA1c 7.6% (±0.3), fasting blood glucose 173.9 (±23.5) mg/dL] with type-2 diabetes and advanced CKD were included. The switch to linagliptin did not affect significantly glycemic control, was well tolerated and associated with a reduction in hypoglycemic episodes. Adherence to treatment was better with linagliptin than basal insulin and patient satisfaction significantly improved after switching. Linagliptin appears as a valid option for glycemic control in elderly diabetes patients with severe CKD in treatment with low-dose insulin. However adequately designed longterm studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Endosonography today: An overview
Authors: Bashir Showkat
Published: November 2016

Over the past two decades, the combination of gastrointestinal endoscopy and ultrasonography has shown remarkable progress. This progress has allowed endoscopists to diagnose and treat broad range of not only gastrointestinal disorders but also mediastinal, pancreatic, and perirectal diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offers a vital complementary role to traditional cross-sectional imaging. EUS helps to obtain tissue samples under real-time ultrasonographic guidance using fine-needle aspiration EUS. The ever expanding use of EUS makes it imperative for primary care providers to be familiar with this technology and its application. This progress has made EUS an integral and necessary part of any good endoscopy unit and is here to stay.
How much information do extinction and backscattering measurements contain about the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol?
Authors: Kahnert Michael , Andersson Emma
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We theoretically and numerically investigate the problem of assimilating lidar observations of extinction and backscattering coefficients of aerosols into a chemical transport model. More specifically, we consider the inverse problem of determining the chemical composition of aerosols from these observations. The main questions are how much information the observations contain to constrain the particles' chemical composition, and how one can optimise a chemical data assimilation system to make maximum use of the available information. We first quantify the information content of the measurements by computing the singular values of the observation operator. From the singular values we can compute the number of signal degrees of freedom and the reduction in Shannon entropy. For an observation standard deviation of 10 %, it is found that simultaneous measurements of extinction and backscattering allows us to constrain twice as many model variables as extinction measurements alone. The same holds for measurements at two wavelengths compared to measurements at a single wavelength. However, when we extend the set of measurements from two to three wavelengths then we observe only a small increase in the number of signal degrees of freedom, and a minor change in the Shannon entropy. The information content is strongly sensitive to the observation error; both the number of signal degrees of freedom and the reduction in Shannon entropy steeply decrease as the observation standard deviation increases in the range between 1 and 100 %. The right singular vectors of the observation operator can be employed to transform the model variables into a new basis in which the components of the state vector can be divided into signal-related and noise-related components. We incorporate these results in a chemical data assimilation algorithm by introducing weak constraints that restrict the assimilation algorithm to acting on the signal-related model variables only. This ensures that the information contained in the measurements is fully exploited, but not over-used. Numerical experiments confirm that the constrained data assimilation algorithm solves the inverse problem in a way that automatises the choice of control variables, and that restricts the minimisation of the costfunction to the signal-related model variables.
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma metastasizing to the penile shaft
Authors: Bell Michael D. , Brimo Fadi , Jung Sungmi , Aprikian Armen G.
Published: November 2016

We present the case of a 50-year-old man with a periurethral mass. He was previously known for sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) of the left foot, having an amputation for local recurrence with >2 cm negative margins. A solid periurethral mass was surgically excised seven months later, yielding the diagnosis of metastatic SEF. This is the first documented metastasis of SEF to the penis. These sarcomas have proven difficult to treat, with high recurrence rates despite a multimodal approach.
The Effect of Teaching Supported by Interactive Whiteboard on Students’ Mathematical Achievements in Lower Secondary Education
Authors: Tunaboylu Ceren , Demir Ergül
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using the interactive whiteboard in mathematics teaching process on the 7th-grade students’ achievement. This study was conducted as experimental design. Experimental and control groups were composed of 58 7th-grade students from one school in the 2015-2016 educational year in Ankara. As a measurement tool, an achievement test developed by the researchers was used as the pre-test and post-test. An education program which included the activities with the interactive whiteboard was developed by researchers. And, this program was implemented to the experimental group 12 hours over 3 weeks. On the other hand, activities for the control group were limited to the blackboard usage. In the analysis of the data, “analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)” was used by defining the pre-test scores as “covariate” variable.According to the findings, it was observed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups pre-test average scores. When the difference of pre-test scores under control, it was observed the significant difference between the average post-test scores in favor of the experimental group. These findings show that using the interactive whiteboard in mathematics teaching process has positive effects on the students’ mathematical achievement. These results are supported by some other researchers’ findings.
Análise da Influência de Fatores Externos Associados à Avaliação da Qualidade do Ensino Online
Authors: Ribeiro Germano , Silva Thomaz , Nunes Albano O. , Vasconcelos F. Herbert
Published: November 2016

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar um novo indicador de qualidade do ensino e a relação dos indicadores avaliados com dois fatores externos à avaliação. O estudo foi conduzido em cursos de formação continuada de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. Os resultados apontam que o indicador Autonomia ainda precisa ser melhorado com ações junto ao cursista, de modo a estimulá-lo no desenvolvimento dessa autonomia. Outro resultado obtido foi a constatação de que as diferenças de gênero e da quantidade de cursos em EaD já realizados pelos cursistas previamente, não influenciam a avaliação da qualidade do ensino.
Um modelo de jogador baseado em Estilos de Aprendizagem
Authors: Marques Diego , Rousy Danielle , Silva Carla
Published: November 2016

A modelagem de jogador possui características em que o jogo se adapta as habilidades individuais de cada jogador, promovendo desafios proporcionais ao desempenho dele. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa, que tem como finalidade apresentar um modelo de jogador baseado em estilos de aprendizagem para jogos educacionais no estilo pergunta-resposta. A construção do modelo foi apoiada com a utilização do questionário de índice de Estilo de Aprendizagem (ILS), que tem como finalidade identificar o estilo de aprendizagem do aluno. O modelo foi implementado no MyQuímica, um jogo educacional que tem como finalidade apoiar no ensino aprendizagem das nomenclaturas químicas, bem como no aprendizado da tabela periódica.
Contribuições da Informática Educativa para a Operação de Adição: Uma Experiência com Alunos nos Anos Iniciais
Authors: Couto Felipe , Sousa Decíola Fernandes de , Barreto Wagner , Sousa Ana Maria de
Published: November 2016

O Artigo apresenta as contribuições da Informática Educativa para o apoio na aprendizagem da Operação de Adição, por meio da aplicação do Software Educacional TuxMath para três turmas do 4º Ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública em Belém do Pará. O TuxMath por ser dinâmico e divertido, atrai a atenção dos alunos, enquanto manuseiam a ferramenta educacional, aprendem brincando. Dessa forma, orientada da maneira correta, a Informática Educativa contribui para o sucesso nos estudos. Os resultados da pesquisa por meio de um questionário para os alunos permitiram constatar que o uso do software foi avaliado positivamente, tanto na aceitação do jogo quanto na aprendizagem.
Saberes e Fazeres da Docência na Licenciatura em Informática: Relato de Experiência das Ações do PIBID
Authors: Souza Givanaldo , Morais Pauleany Simões de , Marinho Anna Raquel da Silva , Bulcão Jeanne da Silva Barbosa , Medeiros Danylla
Published: November 2016

Este artigo relata experiências didático-pedagógicas vivenciadas por bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) da Licenciatura em Informática do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Natal - Zona Norte. Como metodologia, utilizou-se a pesquisa-ação sobre Informática e Educação, com foco na formação de professores na área da Computação, bem como o relato da atuação dos bolsistas em uma Escola Pública, localizada na Zona Norte de Natal/RN. Como resultado, avalia-se a contribuição do PIBID, subprojeto Informática, para a formação docente, além das possibilidades de ações pedagógicas inerentes ao ensino de computação na escola pública.
Uso de WebQuest na Alfabetização Científica sobre Genética
Authors: Moura Celcino , Mognhol Tadeu , Silva Andre , Nobre Isaura , Nunes Vanessa Battestin , Maissiat Jaqueline
Published: November 2016

Este estudo objetivou desenvolver a alfabetização científica, aliando tecnologias digitais (WebQuest) a pedagogias sócio-interacionistas para mediar à aprendizagem do tema genética. Como metodologia foi utilizada a investigação qualitativa, teórico empírica, do tipo estudo de caso. O processo de ensino foi desenvolvido segundo a abordagem sócio-histórica de Vygotsky e o planejamento das ações conforme os três momentos pedagógicos de Delizoicov. Como resultados, consideramos que as WebQuests criadas pelos alunos evidenciaram que atingiram os pressupostos dos fundamentos para o ensino médio definidos pelas novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em seus cinco eixos temáticos com vistas à construção de um educação democrática.
A Abordagem Didática da Simulação Virtual no Ensino da Química: Um Olhar para os Novos Paradigmas da Educação
Authors: Silva Gerla , Netto José Francisco , Souza Renato
Published: November 2016

As dificuldades de aprendizagem da Química têm feito com que professores busquem nas novas alternativas didáticas e metodológicas respostas para mudar essa situação. Utilizou-se o software de simulação PhET com o objetivo de desenvolver a cognição dos alunos no que se refere as interações que ocorrem nas partículas microscópicas das substâncias, facilitando a compreensão dos conteúdos de Química, em particular, dos estados físicos da matéria. A pesquisa aconteceu numa escola da rede pública de Manaus, numa turma de primeiro ano do Ensino Médio. Os dados obtidos da observação e questionário foram tratados seguindo a Análise de Conteúdo. A simulação mostrou-se eficaz na aprendizagem do conteúdo estudado.
O Ensino de Algoritmos e Lógica de Programação como uma Ferramenta Pedagógica para Auxiliar a Aprendizagem de Matemática: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Lopes Claudivan Cruz , Duarte Maria Do Socorro dos Santos Guedes , Sousa Enos Andrade Diniz , Souza Rakel Pereira de , Pereira Isolda Bezerra
Published: November 2016

O aprendizado de algoritmos e lógica de programação (ALP) é fundamental para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e da capacidade de resolver problemas. Entretanto, o ensino de ALP tem sido pouco explorado como uma ferramenta pedagógica para auxiliar na aprendizagem de matemática e melhorar a capacidade de resolver problemas matemáticos. Este artigo relata uma experiência de ensino de ALP para alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental, cujo enfoque foi na criação de programas que aplicaram os conceitos de matemáticos estudados em sala de aula. Os resultados obtidos nesta experiência indicaram que o ensino de ALP pode estimular o interesse pela matemática e melhorar a compreensão da matemática.
Um processo de Gamificação para o ensino superior: Experiências em um módulo de Bioquímica
Authors: Toda Armando Maciel , Silva Yuri Rafael Oliveira , Cruz Wilmax , Xavier Luciana , Isotani Seiji
Published: November 2016

A gamificação vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos devido as inúmeras pesquisas realizadas em diversas áreas do conhecimento e os resultados positivos identificados pela comunidade. No ensino, este conceito vem sendo bastante difundido, no entanto, ainda há uma certa carência quanto a um processo sistemático para sua implantação. Este artigo apresenta um modelo conceitual de um processo de gamificação, para ser utilizado no ensino superior, tomando como base planos de aula e ementas. O resultado principal foi um processo gamificado, aplicado em uma turma de Bioquímica do ensino superior, no curso de Biotecnologia. Para verificar a eficácia do modelo foi utilizado o Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) que mede a motivação dos discentes após o uso da gamificação. Os resultados mostram que o método foi considerado divertido e interessante pelos alunos, principalmente quanto aos participantes do gênero feminino, além de ter uma boa aceitação por parte do docente responsável.
Uma Experiência do Uso Do Hardware Livre Arduino no Ensino De Programação De Computadores
Authors: Albuquerque David , Bremgartner Vitor , Lima Hillermann , Salgado Nilmara
Published: November 2016

Nos cursos de linguagens de programação, é notória a dificuldade de muitos alunos em aprender tal assunto, pois além de ser abstrato e conceitual, em princípio, a disciplina exige muita prática, e requer que o aluno pense de maneira computacional nas mais diversas soluções de problemas usando programação. As atividades em sala de aula e no caderno ou até no computador se tornam desinteressantes, pois não permitem que o mesmo visualize no mundo real o que foi programado. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é introduzir práticas com o hardware livre Arduino no ensino de linguagem de programação, pois através do hardware podemos criar diversas situações que auxiliem no aprendizado dos comandos de linguagem, e também estimulem o pensamento computacional.
Karuchã Ships Invaders em Sala de Aula: Relato de Experiência do Uso do Jogo Educacional por Estudantes de Japonês do IFRN
Authors: Marciano Juvane , Miranda Leonardo Cunha de , Miranda Erica Esteves Cunha de , Oliveira Paulo De Tasso Ribeiro de
Published: November 2016

Jogos educacionais são produzidos em ambiente acadêmico, como uma tentativa de auxiliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de determinado conteúdo, e sendo comuns os experimentos com usuários potenciais da ferramenta. Para verificar-se, de fato, a eficácia dos jogos, faz-se necessário também realizar um estudo em ambiente real de ensino por um período de tempo maior para se concluir algo mais efetivo em relação ao aprendizado dos estudantes através do uso de software educacional. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência da aplicação de um jogo educacional para ensino de japonês básico in loco em um curso presencial da Língua Japonesa, oferecido durante um semestre letivo pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN).
Dialogia do Conhecimento Pedagógico dos Recursos Tecnológicos e Demais Saberes Docentes
Authors: Nakashima Rosária H. Ruiz , Piconez Stela
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, sob a perspectiva teórica fundamentada pelo Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), no ensino superior, na modalidade blended learning. Os dados coletados e analisados confirmam a existência de um conhecimento pedagógico dos recursos tecnológicos que, articulados aos demais saberes docentes, podem conferir intencionalidade educativa ao processo de aprendizagem e maior sentido ao processo de avaliação do estudante. Sua relação dialógica agrega valores aos novos modos de aprender e de ensinar, apoiados por tecnologias.
Narrativas hipertextuais e visuais: ressignificações e novos cenários de formação na educação da era digital
Authors: Pulita Edemir , Santos Gilberto
Published: November 2016

Essa investigação parte do pressuposto de que a inserção as tecnologias na escola não tem ressignificado a educação por uma desconexão com as experiências dos seus sujeitos. Assim nos perguntamos: quais experiências são necessárias na educação diante da cibercultura? Realizamos uma pesquisa-ação com futuros professores discutindo teoricamente questões relacionadas a experiência do olhar e as imagens. Os participantes criaram seis narrativas hipertextuais e visuais que foram analisadas e, a partir disso, apontam-se elementos para ressignificar as experiências dos atores da educação formal: (a) interação dos sujeitos por meio das TDICE; (b) novo papel das imagens no cenário atual; e (c) geração de experiências de imersão nos conteúdos.
Mulheres que aprendem informática: Um estudo de gênero na área de TI
Authors: Posser Camila Vieira , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro
Published: November 2016

A diferença entre o número de mulheres e homens na área da Tecnologia da Informação nos últimos anos chama atenção pois, segundo estudos, apenas ¼ são mulheres. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os motivos pelos quais existe esta diferença significativa entre o número de homens e mulheres na área de TI. Após a pesquisa de campo, identificou-se que os principais motivos relatados são o preconceito, estereótipo criado e a falta de estímulos durante a infância e/ou juventude determinante para a escolha profissional.
Intervenção Educacional na área da saúde através de objetos de aprendizagem: um relato de experiência
Authors: Bones Ana , Cazella Silvio , Costa Márcia
Published: November 2016

O módulo do Manejo Inicial do Usuário com Teste Rápido Reagente para o Vírus do HIV foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de possibilitar a abordagem aos aspectos de atendimento integral, permitindo a construção e aprimoramento dos fluxos viáveis de atendimento ao paciente. Este artigo apresenta uma intervenção educacional que foi concebida na forma de objeto de aprendizagem, por uma equipe multiprofissional atuando de forma interdisciplinar, utilizando uma metodologia ativa denominada Metodologia da Problematização, com o foco nas competências esperadas do aluno no curso na modalidade EaD, apresentando-se a alternativa de como foram planejadas as competências nas etapas de elaboração e aplicação do módulo.
Cartilha Digital 3D como auxílio à alfabetização e letramento: desenvolvimento de aplicativo móvel com uso de realidade aumentada
Authors: More Alessandro Tetsuo , Pereira Gabriel Amarante , Silva Willian Alexandre da , Rodrigues Luciene Cavalcanti , Kaimoti Naiara Luchini de Assis , Queiroga Ana Paula Garrido de
Published: November 2016

A realidade da educação está cada vez mais ligada a tecnologia e deste modo a realidade aumentada (RA) não é novidade, apesar de seu grande potencial ainda é pouco utilizada como apoio a disciplinas e mesmo no processo de letramento, sendo possível exemplificar de modo simples funções e conceitos que eram apenas transmitidos por meio de lápis e papel. Para este projeto foram construídas figuras 3D com as ferramentas Sketchup, Vuforia, Blender e Unity3D, que permitem criar aplicativos de realidade aumentada para fins variados, seja na criação de letras, números, imagens, sólidos geométricos, animações para biologia, geografia, física ou até demonstrar estruturas complexas em 3D, tornando as aulas mais interativas e dinâmicas.
Processo de Desenvolvimento e Avaliação de uma Rede Social Gamificada para conscientização acerca do consumo da água
Authors: Oliveira Augusto César F. M. , Oliveira Gustavo Henrique F. M. , Silva Alisson Pereira da , Ferreira Máverick André D. , Barreiro Emanoel F. S. , França Rozelma S.
Published: November 2016

A discussão sobre consumo consciente da água cada vez mais tem se tornado presente nos mais diversos meios da sociedade. À escola, como instituição formadora de cidadãos, cabe, também, a adoção de estratégias que busquem conscientizar os jovens sobre o consumo responsável da água. Logo, o presente trabalho descreve o processo de desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma rede social gamificada voltada a conscientização do consumo responsável da água. As evidências presentes nesta pesquisa, apontam resultados positivos da rede social com características gamificada para a conscientização do uso responsável da água.
DOJO'GO: Uma Forma Divertida e Colaborativa de se Aprender através de Dojo de Programação de Jogos
Authors: Jesus Ângelo , Silva Gislaine Moura da
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta o DoJo'Go, uma metodologia baseada no dojo de código, para aprendizado de programação e estímulo do Pensamento Computacional, assim como descreve um relato de experiência de sua aplicação. A metodologia proposta utiliza o desenvolvimento de jogos de forma colaborativa para tornar a experiência de aprendizado lúdica e atrativa para os estudantes do ensino básico e médio. Os resultados preliminares se mostraram promissores.
Relato de Experiência no PIBID: Projeto interdisciplinar envolvendo Licenciandos em Computação e Pedagogia no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Queiroz Poliana , Santos Higor , Rodrigues Ariane
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de um projeto interdisciplinar vivenciado no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID). Nesse projeto, trabalhou-se de forma integrada os licenciandos em Computação e Pedagogia ao longo de 2015. Sua aplicação foi realizada numa turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Municipal. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, tanto o coordenador do projeto quanto os licenciandos tiveram a oportunidade de lidar com os desafios docentes relacionados ao ensino de Computação, enquanto ciência na educação básica. Além disso, ressalta-se a importância do PIBID na formação dos saberes docentes necessários a prática educativa dos bolsistas ainda na graduação.
Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Using Antimicrobials: Dilute Povidone-Iodine Lavage
Authors: Ruder John A. , Springer Bryan D.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remain a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon to treat and remain a leading cause of failure of both primary and revision total joint arthroplasty. Once a PJI develops, surgical treatment is generally indicated and includes an aggressive irrigation and debridement. One component of the irrigation and debridement involves the use of an antiseptic irrigating solution. In primary and revision TJA, dilute povidone-iodine lavage can be performed prior to wound closure. Approximately 17.5mL of 10% povidone-iodine is diluted with 500-1000cc of normal saline. The wound is then irrigated with the dilute povidone-iodine for 3 minutes. The dilute povidone-iodine is then thoroughly irrigated and washed out of the wound with normal saline prior to wound closure. The use of dilute povidone-iodine lavage prior to wound closure has been shown to reduce the risk of deep surgical site infection in multiple surgical specialties. In primary TJA, it has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infection, without any associated adverse effects. It is also included in multiple protocols for the surgical treatment of PJI. Dilute povidone-iodine lavage provides a safe and inexpensive method to reduce the rate of PJI in TJA.
A network of epigenetic modifiers and DNA repair genes controls tissue-specific copy number alteration preference
Authors: Cramer Dina , Serrano Luis , Schaefer Martin H
Published: November 2016

Copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer patients show a large variability in their number, length and position, but the sources of this variability are not known. CNA number and length are linked to patient survival, suggesting clinical relevance. We have identified genes that tend to be mutated in samples that have few or many CNAs, which we term CONIM genes (COpy Number Instability Modulators). CONIM proteins cluster into a densely connected subnetwork of physical interactions and many of them are epigenetic modifiers. Therefore, we investigated how the epigenome of the tissue-of-origin influences the position of CNA breakpoints and the properties of the resulting CNAs. We found that the presence of heterochromatin in the tissue-of-origin contributes to the recurrence and length of CNAs in the respective cancer type.
Hairpin structure stability plays a role in the activity of two antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Sivanesam Kalkena , Kier Brandon L. , Whedon Samuel D. , Chatterjee Champak , Andersen Niels H.
Published: November 2016

Many naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are amphipathic with a β‐hairpin conformation stabilized by cross‐strand disulfides across the associated β‐strands. Here, we show that the disulfides are not essential. Other structuring means such as better β‐turns and noncovalent cross‐strand interactions can, with proper design, replace the disulfides with no loss in antimicrobial activity. Our results also demonstrate that the hairpin turn region may play a role in membrane recognition for at least one member of this class, since a homodimeric turnless β‐sheet analog showed no antimicrobial activity. We also examined the effects of N‐terminal fatty acid adducts on AMPs. Surprisingly, the large hydrophobic carboxylic moieties examined completely eliminated the antimicrobial activity of previously active β‐hairpin peptides.
Thin energetic O+ layer embedded in the magnetotail reconnection current sheet observed by Cluster
Authors: Wu T. , Fu S. Y. , Zong Q. G. , Sun W. J. , Cui Y. B. , Zhao D. , Guo R. L. , Zhao S. J. , Wang Y. F.
Published: November 2016

In the classical picture of the magnetotail current sheet, the current carriers are mainly ions that undergo nonadiabatic motions. Oxygen ions could contribute a thicker current sheet than the protons due to their large gyroradii. In this paper, however, we report a thin energetic O+ layer embedded in the magnetotail proton current sheet observed by Cluster on 11 October 2001. The thickness of the O+ layer is estimated to be smaller than the half thickness of the local current sheet. And the layer is formed by energetic O+ with energy larger than 20 keV moving along the +Y direction in GSE coordinates. It is inferred that these energetic O+ are probably generated due to the selective acceleration effect of the thin reconnection electric field to the upstreaming ionospheric O+ ions with different initial condition.
Stresses and pressures at the quartz‐to‐coesite phase transformation in shear deformation experiments
Authors: Richter B. , Stünitz H. , Heilbronner R.
Published: November 2016

Coesite was found in quartz aggregates, experimentally deformed at confining pressures of 1.0–1.5 GPa and temperatures between 600°C and 900°C. The confining pressure (Pc) and, in most cases, the mean stress (σm) of the experiments were below those of the quartz‐to‐coesite phase transformation. Yet coesite formed when the maximum principal stress (σ1) was within the P‐T range of the coesite stability field. In one sample, the euhedral coesite grains were corroded indicating that coesite started to transform back to quartz. It is inferred that this sample started to deform with σ1 above the quartz‐to‐coesite phase transformation and, with ongoing deformation, σ1 decreased to values in the quartz stability field due to strain weakening. In all cases, σ1 triggered the quartz‐to‐coesite reaction as well as the reverse reaction, suggesting that σ1 is the critical parameter for the quartz‐to‐coesite transformation—not Pc or σm. With progressive deformation, the coesite laths rotated toward the shear plane as more rigid particles with the sense of shear. In case of back reaction, new quartz grains exhibit no systematic crystallographic relationship with respect to old coesite. The experiments cover different degrees of pressure “overstepping,” different temperatures, and different experimental durations at P and T, and deformation always enhances the reaction kinetics. The observation that σ1 is critical for a pressure‐dependent phase transformation (also for reversals) poses questions for the thermodynamic treatment of such phase transformations.
Low‐frequency oscillations of the gravity wave energy density in the lower atmosphere at low latitudes revealed by U.S. radiosonde data
Authors: Li Hai Yan , Huang Chun Ming , Zhang Shao Dong , Huang Kai Ming , Zhang Yehui , Gong Yun , Gan Quan , Jia Yue
Published: November 2016

We adopted 14 year (from 1998 to 2011) radiosonde data from 16 stations at latitudes between 14.33°S to 29.37°N to investigate the low‐frequency oscillations of inertial gravity wave energy densities (including kinetic energy density, potential energy density, and total energy density) in the lower atmosphere from 2 km to 30 km. Apparent signatures of 11 year solar cycle and quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) were found in the gravity wave energy densities in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, respectively. Detailed analyses suggested that the 11 year oscillation and QBO of gravity wave activity might be due to the 11 year oscillation of convection activity and zonal wind QBO modulation, respectively. Besides, the gravity wave energy also showed a 35.2 month oscillation in the lower stratosphere, which might be generated by the interaction between the QBO (with the period of 26.7 months), and the 11 year solar cycle, while more possible causes are the direct modulation from the background zonal wind. Our results showed that the QBO signature in gravity wave total energy density could extend northward to over 20°N in the Northern Hemisphere, while the 11 year solar cycle in gravity wave activity could only extend to lower than 7.5°N. The oscillation with the period of 35.2 months may be a prolonged QBO in both gravity wave activity and background zonal wind.
An automatic scaling method for obtaining the trace and parameters from oblique ionogram based on hybrid genetic algorithm
Authors: Song Huan , Hu Yaogai , Jiang Chunhua , Zhou Chen , Zhao Zhengyu , Zou Xianjian
Published: November 2016

Scaling oblique ionogram plays an important role in obtaining ionospheric structure at the midpoint of oblique sounding path. The paper proposed an automatic scaling method to extract the trace and parameters of oblique ionogram based on hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA). The extracted 10 parameters come from F2 layer and Es layer, such as maximum observation frequency, critical frequency, and virtual height. The method adopts quasi‐parabolic (QP) model to describe F2 layer's electron density profile that is used to synthesize trace. And it utilizes secant theorem, Martyn's equivalent path theorem, image processing technology, and echoes' characteristics to determine seven parameters' best fit values, and three parameter's initial values in QP model to set up their searching spaces which are the needed input data of HGA. Then HGA searches the three parameters' best fit values from their searching spaces based on the fitness between the synthesized trace and the real trace. In order to verify the performance of the method, 240 oblique ionograms are scaled and their results are compared with manual scaling results and the inversion results of the corresponding vertical ionograms. The comparison results show that the scaling results are accurate or at least adequate 60–90% of the time.
Risk of Hypersensitivity to Biologic Agents Among Medicare Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yun Huifeng , Xie Fenglong , Beyl Randall N. , Chen Lang , Lewis James D. , Saag Kenneth G. , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2016

Background

Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) can occur with any of the available biologic agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We compared drug‐specific risks for HSRs among RA patients enrolled in the US Medicare program.

Methods

Using Medicare data, we identified new users of infused infliximab, abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, golimumab, and injected biologic agents. After identifying HSRs using validated algorithms, for each biologic agent, we calculated the cumulative incidence over 6 months and the incidence rates (IRs) in 0–1, 2–14, and 15–30 days of administration. For each biologic agent administration, followup started on the infusion/injection date and ended at HSR, subsequent biologic agent administration, death, coverage loss, 30‐day followup, or December 31, 2013, whichever occurred first. Adjusted robust Poisson regression was used to compare the HSR risks across biologic agents. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using a nested case‐crossover design.

Results

We identified 725,591 biologic agent administrations and 248 HSRs among 80,587 new users of biologic agents. Of these, 26.9% occurred in users of intravenous abatacept, 4.6% in rituximab, 5.8% in intravenous tocilizumab, 22.9% in infliximab, and 39.7% in injectable anti–tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti‐TNFi). The cumulative incidence of HSRs over 6 months for all biologic agents was low (<1%).The IRs for HSRs ranged from 2.4 (abatacept) to 239.5 (rituximab) per 106 person‐days. After adjustment, and using injectable anti‐TNFi over 0–30 days as the referent, rituximab, infliximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab infusions were associated with a statistically significant higher risk of HSR. The sensitivity analysis yielded similar results.

Conclusion

Among RA patients taking biologic agents, rituximab and infliximab were most strongly associated with HSRs. The absolute IRs of HSR events for all biologic agent exposures were low.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Freestanding Porous Palladium Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyu , Zhang Hanyue , Wu Peishan , Zhang Fengqi , Wei Shaohua , Sun Dongmei , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen
Published: November 2016

Freestanding ultrathin 2D noble metal nanosheets have drawn enormous attention due to their potential applications in various fields. However, the synthesis of 2D noble metal nanosheets still remains a great challenge due to the lack of an intrinsic driving force for anisotropic growth of 2D structures. Here, a facile one‐pot synthesis of ultrathin freestanding porous Pd nanosheets (≈2.5 µm in lateral size and 10 nm in thickness) flexibly knitted by interweaved ultrathin nanowires with the assistance of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) is presented. Nanoparticles attachment and subsequent self‐assembly in the synthetic process are responsible for the formation of such intriguing nanostructures. Moreover, finely controlling the pH value of the precursor solution leads to yield different Pd nanostructures with tunable dimensionalities, including 3D nanoflowers, 2D nanosheets, and 1D nanochains. Owing to the unique structural features, the obtained freestanding porous Pd nanosheets exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability towards formic acid oxidation compared to those of other dimensional counterparts and commercial Pd black.
Self‐Renewal of Bone Marrow Stem Cells by Nanovesicles Engineered from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Jo Wonju , Jeong Dayeong , Kim Junho , Park Jaesung
Published: November 2016

Extracellular vesicles can enhance cell proliferation by stimulating signal transduction and delivering genetic materials, and thus may have applications in regenerative medicine and other therapeutic applications. The processes employed to isolate extracellular vesicles, however, are complex and achieve low yield. To overcome these obstacles, a large‐scale, micropore device for generating extracellular vesicle‐mimetic nanovesicles that have characteristics similar to those of extracellular vesicles is fabricated. The nanovesicles are generated through the self‐assembly capability of cell membrane fragments in an aqueous solution. The nanovesicles enhance the proliferation of murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stimulate the signal pathway related to cell proliferation, and do not influence the characteristics of murine MSCs. Therefore, these nanovesicles could provide stable MSCs for regenerative medicine and other therapeutic applications.
Lipase‐Sensitive Transfersomes Based on Photosensitizer/Polymerizable Lipid Conjugate for Selective Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy of Acne
Authors: Park Hyung , Lee Jonghwan , Jeong Songhee , Im Byeong Nam , Kim Min‐Kyoung , Yang Su‐Geun , Na Kun
Published: November 2016

Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem affecting nearly 90% of adolescents and its development is associated with a colonization of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Although antibiotics have commonly been used to treat acne, antibiotic resistance of P. acnes is an emerging issue to be solved. In this study, a new way of photodynamic acne therapy is developed using P. acnes lipase‐sensitive transfersome (DSPE‐PEG‐Pheo A (DPP) transfersome). For enhanced selectivity and skin penetration efficiency, DPP transfersomes are prepared from 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[amino(polyethylene glycol)‐2000], pheophorbide A (Pheo A), cholesterol, and Tween‐80. Incorporation of Tween‐80 as an edge activator increases the deformability of DPP transfersomes, enhancing skin penetration efficiency to four times that of free Pheo A. The photoactivity of Pheo A quenched by DPP transfersomes is gradually recovered by selective cleavage of the ester linkage in DPP transfersomes by P. acnes lipases. In vitro P. acnes‐specific photoactivity and subsequent selective antimicrobial effect exhibit a greater than 99% loss of P. acnes viability. In vivo antiacne therapeutic effect is confirmed by reduction of swelling volume and thickness of P. acnes‐induced nude mice skin. These results demonstrate that DPP transfersome‐mediated photodynamic therapy can be used as an alternative method to treat bacterial skin infections.
Conducting Polymers as Anode Buffer Materials in Organic and Perovskite Optoelectronics
Authors: Ahn Soyeong , Jeong Su‐Hun , Han Tae‐Hee , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: November 2016

This review focuses on the importance and the key functions of anode interfacial layers based on conducting polymers in organic and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite optoelectronics. Insertion of a buffer layer between electrode and semiconducting layers is the most common and effective way to control interfacial properties and eventually improve device characteristics, such as luminous efficiency in light‐emitting diodes and power conversion efficiency in solar cells. Conducting polymers are considered as one of the most promising materials for future organic and organic–inorganic hybrid electronics because of advantages such as a simple film‐forming process and ease of tailoring electrical and physical properties; as a result, using these polymers is compatible with the production of large‐area, low‐cost, and solution‐processed flexible optoelectronic devices. This review introduces the limitations of anode buffer layers based on conducting polymers and then we will provide recent research trends of material engineering to overcome these problems.
Supported Rhodium Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Regioselective Carbonylative Cyclization of Terminal Alkynes using Oxalic Acid as Sustainable C1 Source
Authors: Guha Nitul Ranjan , Thakur Vandna , Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Bharti Richa , Das Pralay
Published: November 2016

Polystyrene‐supported rhodium(0) (Rh@PS) nanoparticles (NPs) as a heterogeneous catalyst have been used for the synthesis of monocyclic 3,5‐disubstituted cyclopent‐2‐enones from terminal alkynes and oxalic acid as the in situ C1 source following an intermolecular [2+2+1]–reductive carbonylative cyclization (RCC) reaction. Oxalic acid in the presence of Rh@PS catalyst plays a dual role by acting as CO source and reducing agent (H2) which makes the process feasible for the desired product synthesis. The ionic interaction of oxalic acid to the PS surface of Rh@PS helps to maintain the close vicinity and fruitful interaction with substrates and catalyst required for product formation.

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Double Addition of Organometallics to Nitriles: Toward an Access to Tertiary Carbinamines
Authors: Pearson‐Long Morwenna S. M. , Boeda Fabien , Bertus Philippe
Published: November 2016

As depicted in many textbooks, the addition of organometallics to nitriles is generally limited to a single addition, providing ketones after acidic hydrolysis. However, the double addition, leading to tertiary carbinamines is also possible, as demonstrated as early as 1939 by the double addition of allyl Grignard reagents to α‐ethoxyacetonitrile. Since this seminal result, and stimulated by the biological importance of the so‐obtained carbinamines, efforts were devoted to expand the scope of the double addition of organometallics to nitriles. This review presents these different approaches which have led to short accesses to tertiary carbinamine derivatives. Particularly interesting is the double addition of different organometallics, which opens the way towards the straightforward asymmetric synthesis of tertiary carbinamines from nitriles.

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The Construction of X–CN (X=N, S, O) Bonds
Authors: Yu Jin‐Tao , Teng Fan , Cheng Jiang
Published: November 2016

The cyano moiety is a common and important functional group that exists in a myriad of medicinal molecules and natural products. Moreover, nitriles serve as versatile precursors that can readily be converted into diverse functional groups as well as the nitrogen‐containing cyclic molecules. As a result, cyanation has become a significant type of transformation in organic chemistry. However, in comparison with the well‐developed C‐cyanation, few works have been reported dealing with the N‐, S‐ and O‐cyanation processes. Apart from the classical von Braun reaction, chemists have developed a number of methods with various cyanating reagents to achieve such X‐cyanations (X=N, S, O). In this review, recent advances (especially those after 2000) in the X–CN (X=N, S, O) bond formation are summarized with discussion and the outlooks are also listed.

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