bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ransomware as a security threat: Social and criminal legislation aspects
Authors: Putnik Nenad , Milošević Mladen , Cvetković Vladimir
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the analysis of social and criminal aspects of the phenomenon of ransomware-malware abuse. The authors' basic hypothesis is that the optimal mechanisms in terms of security and Criminal Code protection against this specific form of attacks on computer systems and data stored therein are still underdeveloped. The review of scientific and professional literature and the use of legal-dogmatic and normative methods by various authors have shown that crime related to the use of ransomware-malware has a potential to seriously endanger certain segments of modern society - economy, sensitive personal data, national and supranational critical infrastructure. The authors have also noted the shortcomings of currently available legal solutions. The authors conclude that it is necessary to conduct tailored educations of computer system users and also to undertake appropriate activities for the purpose of improving security culture. The authors additionally present concrete proposals for improving the legal framework for criminal legislation. Keywords: ransomware-malware, s
VIScous Vorticity Equation (VISVE) Model Applied to Oscillatory Turbulent Flow around a Cylinder
Authors: You Rui , Tiwari Akhilesh S. , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: April 2022

The VIScous Vorticity Equation (VISVE) method has previously been applied to the laminar oscillatory flow around a circular cylinder (Li and Kinnas (2017); Wu and Kinnas (2021a)). In this work, the VISVE method is applied to the oscillatory turbulent flow around a cylinder. To handle the flow within the turbulent regime, the k-w SST turbulence model is employed for calculating the turbulent viscosity. The VISVE and the k-w SST 2-equation turbulence model are both discretized based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM), with Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics (QUICK) method dealing with the convective terms, and the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method calculating the unsteady terms. The method is applied to various Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter numbers, and the results, including vorticities and velocities are compared with those from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. The results of turbulent VISVE agree well with those from RANS for KC =2, but deviate from RANS at a higher KC number.
Slovensko strokovno stališče za zdravljenje s pripravki železa v nosečnosti
Authors: Fabjan Vodušek Vesna , Čas Sabina , Premru Sršen Tanja , Steblovnik Lili , Zver Samo
Published: April 2022

Slabokrvnost je najbolj pogost simptom v nosečnosti. Zaradi razvoja zarodka in hitre rasti ploda se močno povečajo potrebe organizma po železu in vitaminih. Zato je slabokrvnost zaradi pomanjkanja železa daleč najbolj razširjena oblika slabokrvnosti v nosečnosti. Anemija v nosečnosti je opredeljena z ravnijo hemoglobina (Hb), ki je manjša od 110 g/L. V normalni nosečnosti se sestava krvi pomembno spremeni. Povečanje celokupnega volumna krvi in hemostatske spremembe so fiziološke spremembe, ki omogočajo, da porodnica brez posledic prenese normalno izgubo krvi med porodom. Plazemski volumen se v nosečnosti poveča za 50 %, masa eritrocitov pa za 18 – 25 %, odvisno od razpoložljivega železa. Te spremembe povzročijo razredčitev koncentracije hemoglobna, kar poznamo kot fiziološko slabokrvnost v nosečnosti. Fiziološka slabokrvnost doseže vrh v 32. tednu nosečnosti. Zaradi fizioloških sprememb odkrijemo s presejalnimi testi v nosečnosti mnogo slabokrvnosti, ki bi sicer ostale neodkrite. Povečane ali spremenjene prehranske in presnovne zahteve v nosečnosti povzročijo, da je slabokrvnost zaradi pomanjkanja železa (sideropenična anemija) bolj pogosta. Prva nepravilnost v biokemičnih izvidih, ki kaže na pomanjkanje železa v nosečnosti, je zmanjšana koncentracija feritina (na pomanjkanje železa lahko sklepamo že, ko je vrednost feritina manjša od 20–30 g/L). Feritin je stabilen in zadovoljivo zrcali zaloge železa, za razliko od vrednosti serumskega železa. Zato učinkovito dodajanje železovih pripravkov in s tem preprečevanje sideropeničnih anemij lahko pričnemo že zelo zgodaj. Tako na zelo enostaven način učinkovito preprečimo nastanek zapletov v nosečnosti, ob porodu in v poporodnem obdobju. Slabokrvnost v nosečnosti je povezana s višjo pogostnostjo za prezgodnji porod, nizko porodno težo, z nujnostjo uporabe transfuzije ob in po porodu ter s poporodno depresijo.
Polychronicity, Time Perspective, and Procrastination Behavior at the Workplace: An Empirical Study
Authors: Zhijie Song , Gull Nida , Asghar Muhammad , Sarfraz Muddassar , Shi Rui , Rafique Muhammad Asim
Published: April 2022

Daily duties, tasks, various situations, and decisions must be resolved. However, it is frequently the case that we defer critical activities till later due to an overload of information from many sources, an excessive number of duties, the quick pace of life, and so on. Procrastination behavior impedes the development of every organization. The main objective is to identify possible differences in procrastination and the proper use of polychronicity in a cross-cultural context. A sample of 281 employees of manufacturing industries in Pakistan was considered. A study proposed hypotheses were tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The findings indicated that polychronicity increased procrastinating behavior, the role of conflict mediation influence. Furthermore, job autonomy acts as a negative moderator of polychronicity influence on the role of conflict occurrences, therefore weakening the entire mediating process between polychronicity and individual procrastinating behaviour. Finally, the results are used to show the model's theoretical and practical implications.

Deben resolverse los deberes diarios, las tareas, las diversas situaciones y las decisiones. Sin embargo, con frecuencia postergamos las actividades críticas para más tarde debido a una sobrecarga de información de diversas fuentes, un número excesivo de tareas, el ritmo de vida rápido, etc. El comportamiento de procrastinación impide el desarrollo de todas las organizaciones. El objetivo principal es identificar las posibles diferencias en la procrastinación y el uso adecuado de la policronicidad en un contexto transcultural. Se consideró una muestra de 281 empleados de industrias manufactureras en Pakistán. Las hipótesis propuestas en este estudio fueron probadas mediante la técnica de Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Los hallazgos indicaron que la policronicidad aumentó el comportamiento de procrastinación, el papel de la influencia de la mediación de conflictos. Además, la autonomía laboral actúa como un moderador negativo de la influencia de la policronicidad en el papel de los sucesos de conflicto, debilitando así todo el proceso de mediación entre la policronicidad y la conducta procrastinadora individual. Finalmente, los resultados se utilizan para mostrar las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas del modelo.
The Effect of the Valence of Imagined Contact with Immigrants on Adolescents’ Stereotype Content: The Importance of Perceived Typicality
Authors: Constantin Andreea A. , Cuadrado Isabel , López-Rodríguez Lucía
Published: April 2022

Across two studies, we examined the effect of imagined intergroup contact valence on Spanish adolescents’ stereotype content of Ecuadorian and Moroccan immigrants considering the moderator role of perceived typicality and ethnic origin on this effect. Study 1 (N = 133) showed that, only for Moroccans, when the interaction partner was perceived as highly typical, Moroccans were perceived as more moral and sociable after an imagined positive contact than after a negative one. In contrast, when the interaction partner was perceived as atypical, Moroccans were perceived as more moral and sociable after a negative imagined interaction than after a positive one. Study 2 (N = 113) broadly replicated these findings and confirmed the stronger effect of negative imagined contact on stereotypes. Only when the imagined contact was negative and the interaction partner was perceived as typical, contact altered adolescents’ perceptions and impaired Moroccans’ perceived sociability. Our findings highlight the context-dependency of the effect of contact valence and the importance of the perceived typicality for the generalization of its effects on stereotype content.

En dos estudios, hemos examinado el efecto de la valencia del contacto intergrupal imaginado sobre el contenido de los estereotipos que mantienen los adolescentes españoles hacia inmigrantes ecuatorianos y marroquíes considerando el papel moderador de la tipicidad percibida y el origen étnico sobre este efecto. El Estudio 1 (N = 133) mostró que, solo para los marroquíes, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía muy típico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de un contacto positivo imaginado que después de uno negativo. En contraste, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía como atípico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de una interacción imaginada negativa que después de una positiva. El Estudio 2 (N = 113) reprodujo, en líneas generales, estos hallazgos, y confirmó el mayor efecto del contacto imaginado negativo sobre los estereotipos. Solo cuando el contacto imaginado era negativo y el compañero de interacción se percibía como típico, el contacto alteraba las percepciones de los adolescentes y disminuía la sociabilidad percibida de los marroquíes. Nuestros hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la dependencia del contexto del efecto de la valencia de contacto, así como la importancia de la tipicidad percibida para la generalización de sus efectos sobre el contenido de los estereotipos.
Adaptation to the Spanish university context and psychometric properties of the MSLQ: Contributions to the measurement and analysis of gender differences of self-regulated learning
Authors: Cardeñoso Ramírez Olga , Larruzea-Urkixo Nerea , Bully Garay Paola
Published: April 2022

A challenge in advancing research into self-regulated learning in general, and gender differences in particular, is related to the measurement of various components and self-regulatory processes of it. Therefore, this study aims to adapt into Spanish and analyzes 1) the internal structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and 2) the differences between males and females in the MSLQ dimensions and subdimensions. Participants consisted of 428 university students (73.7% women). Results showed that this adaptation is shorter than the original and has better metric properties than other versions. Also, invariance analysis showed that for men and women, the instrument possesses a common structure and loads (metric invariance) that guarantees valid score comparisons by gender. Moderate to high differences were found in women’s favor in the value given to homework, different learning strategies, and anxiety before examinations. This study responds to the need for a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable instrument in Spain and delves into gender differences in self-regulated learning, a key building block to successfully develop academic training at the present times.

Una dificultad para el avance en la investigación del aprendizaje autorregulado en general, y las diferencias de género en particular, está relacionada con la medida de los diferentes componentes y procesos autorregulatorios. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo adaptar y analizar 1) la estructura interna, fiabilidad e invarianza en función del género del Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) en español y 2) las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las dimensiones y subdimensiones del MSLQ. Han participado 428 estudiantes universitarios (73,7% mujeres). Los resultados han evidenciado que esta adaptación es más breve que la versión original y presenta mejores propiedades métricas que otras versiones. La herramienta posee una estructura y pesos factoriales comunes (invariancia métrica)  para varones y mujeres que garantiza la validez de las comparaciones por género. Se han hallado diferencias de moderadas a altas a favor de las mujeres en el valor concedido a la tarea, distintas estrategias de aprendizaje y ansiedad ante los exámenes. Este estudio da respuesta a la necesidad de contar en España con un instrumento adaptado culturalmente a nuestro contexto, válido y fiable y ahonda en las diferencias de género en el aprendizaje autorregulado, constructo clave para desarrollar con éxito la formación académica en la actualidad.
Neurodesarrollo y estimulación oportuna en niños de madres indígenas migrantes y no migrantes en Chihuahua, México
Authors: Álvarez-Izazaga Marsela Alejandra , Galindo-Gómez Carlos , Roldán-Amaro José Antonio , Saucedo-Arteaga Gabriel , Díaz-Martínez Margarita , Chávez-Villasana Adolfo , Cuchillo-Hilario Mario
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to compare the general and health care characteristics of young children of migrant and non-migrant mothers from indigenous Tarahumara communities in Chihuahua, Mexico, and to evaluate the association between child risk for neurodevelopment delay with parental practices of early childhood stimulation. Male and female children aged 12 to 48 months were studied in two groups: 1) children of migrant mothers residing in urban settlements and 2) children of non-migrant mothers residing in their native rural localities. Prevalence of the risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopment delay (MSND) was greater in children of migrant mothers as compared to non-migrant mothers (75.6%, CI95% [69.5, 80.8] vs. 59.8%, [51.4, 67.7], p = .003). The proportion of children who received adequate and favorable early stimulation (FTES) at home was greater in children of non-migrant mothers (p < .001). The migration of indigenous mothers to urban settlements was associated with child MSND (p = .03), as well as to insufficient early stimulation practices (p = .03). Consistent attendance at early childhood stimulation sessions through the Initial Education program was greater in children of non-migrant mothers (p = .01), and non-attendance predicted child MSND (p = .02).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar características generales y de atención en salud entre menores y sus madres migrantes y no migrantes en indígenas Tarahumaras, en Chihuahua, México. Así mismo, se evaluó la asociación entre el riesgo de retraso en neurodesarrollo en niños y las prácticas de estimulación oportuna. Niños y niñas de entre 12 a 48 meses de edad fueron estudiados en dos grupos: 1) menores de madres migrantes ubicados en asentamientos urbanos en la ciudad de Chihuahua y 2) menores de madres no migrantes residentes en sus localidades de origen. La prevalencia de riesgo de retraso del neurodesarrollo moderado y grave (RNMG) fue mayor en menores de madres migrantes versus no migrantes (75.6%, IC95% [69.5, 80.8] vs 59.8%, [51.4, 67.7], p = .003). La proporción de niños(as) que recibieron una estimulación oportuna favorable (EOF) en casa fue mayor en los menores de madres no migrantes (p < .001). La migración de las madres indígenas hacia asentamientos urbanos estuvo asociada al RNMG en sus hijos(as) (p = .03), así como las prácticas insuficientes de estimulación oportuna (p = .03). La asistencia consistente a sesiones de estimulación temprana del programa de Educación Inicial fue mayor en niños(as) de madres no migrantes (p = .01); y la no asistencia fue predictor del RNMG (p = .02).
Adaptación y validación ecuatoriana de la Escala de Factores de Riesgo Asociados a los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EFRATA)
Authors: Reivan-Ortiz Geovanny Genaro , Pineda-Garcia Gisela , León Parias Bello , Reivan Ortiz Patricia Natali , Ortiz-Rodas Patricia Elizabeth ,  Ramírez Coronel Andrés Alexis , Martinez Suarez Pedro Carlos
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to adapt and know the factorial structure and reliability in the Ecuadorian population of the EFRATA Scale of Risk Factors Associated with Eating Disorders. A non-probabilistic sample of 1172 participants were used (age: M = 21.99; SD = 2.49; 58.6% women and 41.4% men). The first parallel analysis study identified seven interpretable factors that explain 50% of the variance. The second confirmatory factor analysis study indicates an acceptable fit (GFI = 0.96; AGFI = 0.95; NFI = 0.94; RMR = 0.08). The reliability coefficients for Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were 0.89 and 0.90 respectively. The Ecuadorian version of the EFRATA shows good psychometric properties and adapts to the cultural context of this country.

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y conocer la estructura factorial y la confiabilidad en la población ecuatoriana de la Escala EFRATA de Factores de Riesgo Asociados a los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria. Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 1172 participantes (edad: M = 21.99; DT = 2.49; 58.6% mujeres y 41.4% hombres). El primer estudio de análisis paralelo identificó siete factores interpretables que explican el 50% de la varianza. El segundo estudio de análisis factorial confirmatorio indica un ajuste aceptable (GFI = 0.96; AGFI = 0.95; NFI = 0,94; RMR = 0.08). Los coeficientes de confiabilidad para el alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald's fueron 0.89 y 0.90 respectivamente. La versión ecuatoriana de la EFRATA muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas y se adapta al contexto cultural de este país.
Masculinidad y Feminidad: Una visión multidimensional
Authors: Menéndez Aller Álvaro , Montes-Álvarez Pelayo , Postigo Álvaro , González-Nuevo Covadonga , García-Fernández Jaime , Cuesta Marcelino , García-Cueto Eduardo
Published: April 2022

The research on Masculinity and Femininity has a long history. Despite this, there is still discussion about the nature of these concepts. In the present study, the development of the Oviedo Gender Roles Scale (GRSO) is presented. A sample of 612 participants belonging to general Spanish population is used (Myears = 34.2; SDyears = 15.9). The dimensionality, discrimination indices, reliability and evidence of convergent and divergent validity of the instrument were studied. In addition, differences in general (Big Five model) and specific personality traits based on sex were measured and an ANCOVA was performed controlling the variables of Masculinity and Femininity. A good fit to a three-factor multidimensional structure, with Cronbach’s alphas indicating good reliability (Socioemotional = .75; Comparison = .81; Aggressiveness = .77) and adequate evidence of validity were observed. Differences based on sex were observed in various personality traits, but when controlling for Masculinity and Femininity, such differences disappeared. ERGO is a reliable and valid test for the study of gender roles. The implication of a multidimensional approach on Masculinity and Femininity is discussed.

La investigación de la Masculinidad y la Feminidad posee una larga trayectoria. A pesar de ello, aún se continúa discutiendo sobre la naturaleza de estos conceptos. En el presente estudio, se presenta el desarrollo de la Escala de Roles de Género de Oviedo (ERGO). Se empleó una muestra de 612 participantes procedentes de la población general española (Maños = 34.2; DTaños = 15.9). Se estudió la dimensionalidad, los índices de discriminación, la fiabilidad y las evidencias de validez divergente y convergente del instrumento. Además, se estudiaron diferencias en rasgos generales (modelo Big Five) y específicos de personalidad en función del sexo, y se realizó un ANCOVA controlando las variables de Masculinidad y Feminidad. Se observó un buen ajuste a una estructura multidimensional de tres factores, con alfas de Cronbach indicando una fiabilidad buena (Socioemocional = .75; Comparación = .81; Agresividad = .77) y adecuadas evidencias de validez. Se observaron diferencias en función del sexo en varios rasgos de personalidad, pero, al controlar la Masculinidad y Feminidad, las diferencias desaparecieron. El ERGO es una prueba válida y fiable para el estudio de los roles de género. Se discute la implicación de una aproximación multidimensional de la Masculinidad y Feminidad.
On GCR-Lightlike Submanifolds of Indefinite Kaehler Manifolds
Authors: Jain Varun , Rani Rachna , Kumar Rakesh
Published: April 2022

We study generalized Cauchy-Riemann (GCR)-lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Kaehler manifolds admitting a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection. We derive a condition for a totally umbilical GCR-lightlike submanifold of indefinite Kaehler manifolds admitting a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection to be a totally geodesic submanifold. We study minimal GCR-lightlike submanifolds and obtain characterization theorem for a GCR-lightlike submanifold to be a GCR-lightlike product manifold.
Integrability Theorems of Free Systems and Symplectic Haantjes Structures
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Kikuchi Keiichi , Takeuchi Tsukasa
Published: April 2022

Ikeda and Sakamoto studied a dynamical control problem called the linear first integral for holonomic dynamical systems, and our proposition proved the same result as theirs in integrability. % Also, a symplectic Haantjes manifolds has been defined by Tempesta and Tondo, which is a characterization of integrable systems using $(1,1)$ tensor fields. We show integrability in dynamical control problems from a geometric point of view by means of a concrete construction of a symplectic Haantjes manifold.
Social Oppression and American Cultural Imperialism: The Crisis of the Muslim Minority Groups’ Identity in Terrorist by John Updike
Authors: Nafia Fakhrulddin Saif Raed , Baizura Bahar Ida
Published: April 2022

Terrorist (2006) by John Updike has been classified within the post-9/11 novel genre where many American authors depict their counter-narratives to the horrific event of 9/11. The novel revolves around the life of a young teenager named Ahmad and his religious mentor, Shaikh Rashid, who are accused as terrorists. This study problematises the issue of the identity of Muslim characters in facing oppression using the concept of cultural imperialism by Iris Marion Young (1990), focussing on the social treatment of Muslim minority characters in America perceived as inferior to the entire American cultural mainstream. The objective of this study then is to examine the author’s depictions of the American society as the cultural imperialism persecuting Muslim characters. The findings highlight the Muslim characters’ inability to emulate the prevailing American cultural imperialism which oppresses them. As such, the study’s originality lies in the interpretation of the aversive affinity between Muslim minority groups and American cultural imperialism from a social perspective. Thus, the social aspects of social oppression and the American cultural imperialism will be the core of the study’s novelty regarding the view of Muslims in America in the years ensuing the events of 9/11.
Investigating Onto-cartographies of Memory and Postmemory, and (Trans)raciolinguistics and Practice of Race Theory in Selected Excerpts of Ellen Kuzwayo’s Call Me Woman
Authors: Chaka Chaka
Published: April 2022

This paper is undergirded by two sets of analytic tools: the onto-cartographies of both memory and postmemory, and (trans)raciolinguistics and practice of race theory. Employing these types of analytic tools, the paper sets out to answer the following two research questions: (a) what types of geo-narratives can be detected in the onto-cartographies of both memory and postmemory in the analysed excerpts of Call Me Woman as an autobiographical text?; and (b) what does analysing these excerpts of Call Me Woman through (trans)raciolinguistics and practice of race theory reveal about these excerpts of the autobiography? Pertaining to the first research question, the paper has discovered instances of imprecise geo-narratives, and of the problematics of remembering and forgetting that characterize the analysed excerpts of Call Me Woman. In addition, it has presented instances of postmemorializing and of intergenerational and transgenerational postmemories employed in the analysed excerpts. As regards the second research question, the paper has argued that there are instances of spatioracial apartheid, of a vindicationist view, and of metaculture, metarace and metalanguage that can be detected in the excerpts of Call Me Woman that it has analysed. Moreover, the paper has presented a case for an instance of postmemorially and vicariously deferring to and defying Whiteness in one of the analysed excerpts. In the main, the paper has argued that Ellen Kuzwayo’s Call Me Woman is an autobiography of onto-cartographies of both memory and postmemory. In this sense, the novelty of this paper lies in its endeavour to analyse autobiography through a dual conceptual perspective of the onto-cartographies of both memory and postmemory, and through the lenses of both (trans)raciolinguistics and practice of race theory.
Surmounting Gender Disparities: A Study of Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow
Authors: Bongka Tah Vivian
Published: April 2022

This paper entitled, “Surmounting Gender Disparities: A Case Study of Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow” set to investigate the effects of gender disparities and how these could be surmounted. Wa Thiong’o was chosen as an expert informant whose literary text does not emanate from a void but a reflection of social realities. The observation of characters in his text resulted to the findings that gender disparities embedded male chauvinism caused chronic physical and psychological pains that disrupted family harmony. Further observations revealed that if male chauvinism is deconstructed and individual capacities developed by both men and women, they will both have equal access to social and economic responsibilities. The study found that complementary role in gender as observed in social roles and role switching facilitated tasks and guaranteed individual’s protection and security. The study underpinned the need to abandon derogatory patriarchal norms and focus on values that promote positive change. It arrived at the conclusion that nations that yearned growth need to give up chauvinistic preferences and uphold values that promote equality for these are bedrocks of growth that could create visibility even in the global field.
A Generic Structure Analysis of Selected News Commentaries on Radio Nigeria
Authors: Agbeleoba - , Oyeyemi Samuel , Bamisaye - , Toyin -
Published: April 2022

This paper is an exploration of the Generic Structure Pattern of news commentaries. Previous studies have applied the GSP approach to a number of discourses in the mass media as well as some religious texts in order to establish their generic structures. They include business letters, newspaper editorials magazine editorials and newspaper articles. These previous researches have also focused their attentions only on the print media and religious manuals.  However, none has focused on news commentaries. This paper fills this gap in knowledge by exploring news commentaries on Radio Nigeria in order to find out its generic structure as a broadcast text.Twenty news commentaries were purposively selected, five from each of the following sectors: economy, politics, education, health and sports. The Generic Structure Potential model which is an aspect of the Systemic Functional Theory associated with Halliday and Hasan (1985) was adopted as the framework for the analysis of these news commentaries. The GSP model is premised upon the fact that Contextual Configuration (CC) “permits statements about the text structures” to be made.This paper is able to identify Anchor’s Introduction (AI), Orientation (O), Spotlighting (S) and Resolution or Lesson (RL) as obligatory elements while optional elements are Commentary Lead (CL), Problem/Cause (PC) and Solution/Effect (SE).The paper submits that the GSP of news commentaries on Radio Nigeria can be viewed as [AI] ^ (CL) ^ [O] ^[S] ^ [(PC). (SE)] ^[RL].
Conflict of Land Use Types over Geomorphological Space of Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria: The Analyses and Predictions
Authors: Udegbunam Ayadiuno Romanus , Chukwuka Ndulue Dominic , Tagbo Mozie Arinze , Chinemelum Ndichie Cosmas
Published: April 2022

Geomorphological constraints have led to the scarcity of lands in most urban and newly urbanizing areas by reducing land that would have been available for urban expansion. This study aims at looking at the conflict among various types of land related activities over geomorphological space of Anambra State. The data used for this study include primary and secondary data. A mixed-method approach was applied in the analysis and presentation of data, and ArcGIS 10.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) software was also used for the processing of the satellite imageries to determine the rate of land use cover change (LUCC) in the State. Conclusively, people for long are not living in the active flood plains of Idemili-Niger area and other agriculturally endowed lands, but presently, due to increase in population and pressure on land, people have now started buying and sand filling lands in these areas without considering the danger their actions may cause if there is soil failure. Mixed land use type is visibly observed, especially urban related land use like commercial and other socio-cultural land uses. The LUCC analysis shows that there is a reduction in vegetated land and disturbed vegetation, while settlements increased within a period of thirty (30) years. Presently, Anambra State is almost attaining equilibrium in all land use types in the State and if nothing is done to check the trend, there may no longer be available space for vegetation or farmland in the State in the next thirty (30) years.
An Overview on the Aetiology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kumar R. Santosh , Saha Riane
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that mainly leads to the degeneration of cells in the brain and it causes dementia. This reduces thinking capacity and doesn't allow the person to be independently do their own work. Two main causes of AD are cholinergic and amyloid hypothesis. Other risk factors include age, genetics, infections in the brain etc. currently only two types of drugs can treat AD, cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors and NMDA antagonists, but these are only able to treat the symptoms not the whole disease. At this moment the researchers are trying to target several mechanisms such as abnormal tau protein metabolism, inflammation and damage in the cholinergic system.
Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Chalcone dervived from 6-Acetyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-(4H)-3-one: Single-crystal XRD, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and DFT Calculations
Authors: Rajalakshmi R. , Ramkumar S. , Sripriya A.
Published: April 2022

Compound (E)- 6-(3-(p-tolyl)acryloyl)- 2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)- one [6TABO] with molecular formula C18H15NO3 was synthesized utilizing Claisen-Schmidt condensation technique. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra were recorded to recognize the different utilitarian gatherings present in the compound and affirm the synthetic construction. The UV-Visible range study uncovers that the visible is straightforward in the whole apparent locale and the retention is seen at 325.40 nm. Single-crystal XRD concentrates on show that the compound takes shape in the monoclinic framework with a space bunch P 1 21/c 1. The corresponding lattice parameters of the crystal are a = 13.0723 (7) Å, b = 7.1789 (4) Å, c = 16.1812 (9) Å, α=900, β = 109.148 (2)0, γ = 900.
Numerical Simulation of the Dispersion of Pollutant in a Canal
Authors: Gbenro S. O. , Nchejane J. N.
Published: April 2022

This work proposes a numerical approach to model 2D pollutant dispersion in a canal using the famous advection-reaction diffusion equations. The advection-dispersion equation model describes transport and diffusion problems as seen in mixing conservative, nonbuoyant pollutants deposited into a stream or canal. The canal consisted of a narrow channel that allows water inflow through an entry opening and outflow through an exit opening. We obtain stability conditions for finite difference schemes and show the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the finite element method. The simulations show that the concentration of pollutants in the canal is controlled by the divergence term and increases in the direction of ﬂuid ﬂow.
Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Cocoa and Cassava Fermentation as Potential Probiotic for Pathogenic Microorganisms Control in Poultry Farming
Authors: Akpa Eric Essoh , Djoman Christelle Suzanne , Goualié Bernadette Gblossi , Djeneba Ouattara Hadja , Samagassi Lamine , N’Guessan Delphine Yevi
Published: April 2022

Aims: The overuse of antibiotics in animal farming sector is leading to an increase drug resistant bacteria rate. This situation makes it difficult to treat pathologies in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess some probiotic profiles of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from cocoa fermentation and traditional cassava ferment for possible use as potentially probiotic strains for the monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in poultry farming.

Methodology: Thus, a total of 267 lactic acid bacteria strains were tested for analysis of the antibacterial activity against the growth capacity of Salmonella and E. coli isolates. Probiotic properties of Lactic acid bacteria were consisted of acidification capacity, resistance to acid shock and to salt bile containing in culture medium and capacity to produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes.

Results: Among them, 25 strains have induced the high bacterial growth inhibition against these pathogenic bacteria with inhibition zone diameters ranged from 9 to 27 mm. Among these strains, 20 isolates showed high resistance to acid shock at pH ≥ 4 and six strains were able to grow at pH 3.5 with survival rate range from 30 % to 89 %. Moreover, six of these strains, including four isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum (T1GB8, T11AB17, LAB26, LAB 127), one strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (T0AB9) and one isolate of Enterococcus facium (LAB18), have shown capacity to growth with 1 % of bile salts in the medium. Even better, these strains exhibited capacity to produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes with halo around the well diameters reached 29 mm for some strains.

Conclusion: This study shows the possibility of use probiotics lactic acids bacteria as antibiotics alternative in poultry sector to reduce some avian pathologies affecting the poultry sector in Côte d'Ivoire.
Growth Performance of Albino Rats Orally Administered with Honey from Apis mellifera adansonii and Refined Sugar at Varying Levels
Authors: Ononye B. U. , Kalu C. R. , Okeke T. E. , Akunne C. E. , Onyewuchi K. C. , Okafor K. P. , Chidi C. A. , Ugonkwo K. M. , Ekwebene O. C. , Okoli C. A. , Akpan A. U. , Offor V. O. , Oboho D. E.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research was to find out the growth performance of albino rats orally administered with honey from Apis mellifera adansonii and refined granulated sugar at varying quantities. Twenty-five (25) healthy albino rats used in the study were grouped into five treatments based on the dose of natural honey and granulated sugar as follow: T1 (1.02g of honey kg BW), T2 (1.40g of honey kg BW), T3 (1.02g of granulated sugar kg BW), and T4 (1.40g of granulated sugar kg BW). However, rats in T5 were not administered honey and refined granulated sugar hence served as the control. The data on fructose and micronutrients concentrations of natural honey and refined sugar as well as data on the weight gain and feed intake of the albino rats were determined after 28 days. According to the findings of this study, the fructose concentration was higher in natural honey (195.78mg/ml) while refined sugar (30.225mg/ml) recorded the least value. Also, copper (0.15ppm) and manganese (0.05ppm) had the highest mean concentration in natural honey, while iron (0.04ppm) and zinc (0.07ppm) were higher in refined sugar. The study's findings revealed that the highest feed intake by albino rat was recorded in T1 (148.16g) while T5 (140.27g) had the least. There were no significant differences in albino rat feed intake among the five treatments (p>0.05). The highest weight gain was recorded by the albino rat in T1 (69.84g) while T5 (32.28g) had the least. There were no significant differences in the weight gain of the albino rats among the five treatments. This study's findings led to the conclusion that the doses of natural honey used did not significantly increase the weight gain of albino rats.
Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Personnel in a Hospital Setting in Parakou in 2017
Authors: Amegan Nicolas Hamondji , Codjo Leopold Houetondji , Atika Minhome Fabrice Julien , Dohou Mahougnon Hugues Serge , Biaou Alphonse Olaniran Chabi , Sonou Arnaud , Hounkponou Murielle , Houenassi Martin Dedonougbo
Published: April 2022

Aims: To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care personnel regarding venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis (VTE) in the hospital setting to Parakou in 2017.

Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of medicine and medical specialties, Departments of surgery and surgical specialties, Departments of gyneco-obstetrics and intensive care at the Hospital University of Parakou (CHUD-B), in northern Benin, between February 2017 and May 2017.

Methodology: We included all health professionals working in these services who consented to participate. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for the management of VTE were used as the reference for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices. The evaluation form consisted of two parts, one addressed to physicians and the other to paramedics. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software with a significance level of 5% for comparisons.

Results: A total of 223 health workers participated in the study. The knowledge level of the health workers was good in 52.47%, attitudes were correct in 37.67% and practices were adequate in 4.32%. Overall, health professionals had a good knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) score in 5.83% of the cases. Factors significantly associated with a good overall KAP score were practice on medical departments, continuing education of staff, status of doctors, knowledge of VTE guidelines and existence of VTE prevention protocols.

Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis is moderately known by the health care personnel in Parakou, but attitudes and practices are not satisfactory. This highlights the need for continuous training.
Sensory and Nutritional Analysis of Spinach Powder Fortified Biscuits
Authors: Jyoti . , Sangwan Veenu , Jood Sudesh
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to see the effect of supplementation of spinach leaves powder in commonly consumed baked products. Spinach leaves were dried in the shade for 6 to 8 hrs. to remove excess moisture followed by oven drying at 40-450C till complete drying. The dried leaves were ground in an electric grinder to obtain a fine powder. The powder was rich in essential minerals like calcium, iron, zinc and phosphorous. Biscuits were prepared using 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% spinach leaves powder and evaluated for their sensory and nutritional quality. Spinach biscuits were found nutritionally rich in crude protein, dietary fibre, minerals and anti-oxidant activity in comparison to their respective control biscuits. Organoleptic properties of biscuits showed that 10% supplementation of spinach powder were more acceptable.
Impact of Ridge and Furrow Method of Planting on Groundnut Yield Attributes in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chowdary K. Raghavendra , Jyotsna M. K. , Jyothi I.
Published: April 2022

Climate change is putting increasing pressure on India's farmers' land and natural resources, which they rely on not just to feed the country but also to support their livelihoods. Approximately 30% of land is currently degraded, and rising temperatures mean agriculture will require 30% more water. Innovative approaches are emerging across India to assist farmers in adapting to climate change challenges and mitigating the effects of their farming practises. An innovative ridge and furrow planting pattern and its impact on ground nut crop production was carried out. The field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive Rabi and Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021 to study ridge and furrow in-situ conservation system for Groundnut crop at farmer’s fields in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh under Southern agro-climatic region. Raised bed planting involves sowing of crops using raised bed maker alternated with furrows for irrigation. Bed width depends upon crop spacing usually ranging from 30 cm, and accommodates crop on raised bed. Raised beds require reshaping each year preferably before Kharif season. Bed planting reduces cost, and saves seed, fertilizer and irrigation water. It also increases water-use efficiency both under rainfed and irrigated scenarios because water moves laterally from furrows into beds thereby reducing evaporation losses. Further lesser incidence of pest and diseases as well as better aeration within furrows. Weed population reduced on ridge and furrow method of planting. The ridge-furrow method of planting groundnut has been reported to save seed and water by 25-30% and fertilizer by 25%, yield enhancement to the extent of 8-23% higher compared to the normal flatbed sowing method. Economic analysis revealed that the net profit was recorded higher under ridge and furrow system compared to normal flatbed sowing. Benefit–cost ratio (BCR) ratio was recorded under ridge and furrow system (5.13) while under flat sowing system (2.20) for the consecutive years respectively.
Surgical Resection for Colorectal Cancer Improves Survival in Uganda
Authors: Wismayer Richard , Kiwanuka Julius , Wabinga Henry , Odida Michael
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In Uganda and other developing low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing whereas in high income developed countries, CRC rates are declining. Many patients do not have access to curative surgery and oncological treatment for CRC in Uganda. In this study, we compared the survival outcomes of patients who underwent curative surgery, and, if necessary, adjuvant chemotherapy to those who did not to assess the impact of surgery and oncology care on CRC in the resource-limited setting of a low-income developing country.

Methods: Participants with a diagnosis of CRC between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 were included. These patients had linked data in the Kampala Cancer Registry and medical records from hospitals in Uganda. Data on whether the patients had or did not have curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were obtained. Our outcome variable was survival at 3 years. We computed and compared survival using the log-rank test.

Results: Two hundred and forty seven patients were included in the study cohort. These were 177 (71.66%) patients that had curative surgery, while 70 (28.34%) had no curative surgery. Curative rectal cancer surgery had a better survival than no curative surgery (p=0.003). Curative colon cancer surgery tended to have a better survival than no surgery (p=0.137). Curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy showed better survival than no surgery with no adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.007).

Conclusions: In a resource-limited environment, curative surgery and if necessary, combined with adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival. The findings in our study therefore serve to encourage the expansion of CRC care by improving the surgery and oncology infrastructure in resource-limited environments due to the increasing burden of CRC.
On solutions of problems of 20th century physics and foundations of theoretical physics of 21st century
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: April 2022

During three quarters of 20th century, due to successes of experimental physics, significant progress occurred in the foundations of theoretical physics, and the result of this joint development is the modern physical picture of the world. But in the last quarter of this century, all progress has been reduced to speculative mathematical models without any experimental basis and hope for confirmation. Moreover, the formation of the basic theories of physics, general relativity, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, still remained incomplete due to ambiguities and a number of fundamental problems in their foundations and important applications. In the previous review article (Zakir, 2020), the main part of these problems was considered and solutions for them, proposed by the author in 2006-2020, were summarized. This review is its revised version, supplemented with several new problems and their solutions found by the author in 2021-2022. Unlike other attempts proceeded from speculative hypotheses, the proposed formulations of basic theories and their applications are based on physical principles following from experimental facts. As a result, the basic theories, which remained successful mathematical models only, finally became consistent physical theories. Problems of a «technical» nature, which have arisen due to deviation from the basic principles, are removed by strict following to these principles. Other problems have been solved by introducing new principles or changing old ones, but also on the basis of facts. Therefore, these solutions, in one form or another, will enter the new physics that is initiated by them. The contours and prospects of the theoretical physics of 21st century are considered. The causes of the crisis in the foundations of theoretical physics of the 20th century and ways to overcome it are discussed. It is shown that the main cause of the crisis was the departure of the scientific community from the methodology and ethics of the natural sciences, and the theoretical physics of 21st century is now being formed as a result of a return to them.
Improved Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell by Employing Nickel Oxide Hole Transporting Material Containing Ammonium Salt Stabilizer
Authors: Park Sungjin , Kim Dong Won , Park Soo Young
Published: April 2022

Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the promising hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite the ongoing efforts to improve PSC performance with sol–gel NiO, there has been limited study on the usage and influences of stabilizers on NiO and the relevant performance of PSCs. Until now, most of the sol–gel NiO methods use chemical stabilizers based on strongly acidic or mild basic catalysts such as hydrochloric acid and monoethanolamine. However, it is evident that the remaining pH‐biased stabilizers in the film aggravate device stability. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a more stable and effective NiO, which can boost the performance of PSC. Here, the relatively neutral ammonium salt is utilized in NiO solution, which can improve the hole transport capability and stability of NiO. Under the optimum salt condition, energy level and hole conductivity are modulated favorably for hole transportation. Moreover, constructive interaction between the ammonium salt and perovskite enhances interfacial properties and reduces trap‐assisted recombination. Based on this novel NiO, the champion power conversion efficiency of 19.91% with an exceptionally high open‐circuit voltage of 1.13 V among the reported MAPbI3‐based PSCs is demonstrated. Furthermore, NiO with salt stabilizer secures long‐term device stability, maintaining 97% of initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) even after 800 h.