bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of preoperative jaundice on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma with radical resection
Authors: Yang Xin-wei , Chen Jun-yi , Wen Zhi-jian , Li Yu-long , Wang Fei-yu , Li Liang , Yang Jue , Yang Ping-hua , Zhang Bao-hua , Shen Feng
Published: September 2020

Purposes

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of preoperative jaundice on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) after radical resection (R0).

Methods

A total of 267 GBC patients who underwent R0 resection from January 2004 to December 2014 were enrolled, including 54 patients with preoperative jaundice and 213 patients without jaundice. The clinicopathological parameters between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between preoperative jaundice and the long-term prognosis was furtherly analyzed.

Results

Unilateral and multivariate analyses of 267 GBC patients showed that the depth of tumor invasion (pT stage), lymphatic metastasis, and hepatic invasion were independent prognostic factors. The univariate and multivariate analysis of 54 GBC patients with preoperative jaundice showed that only pT stage was an independent factor for prognosis. Furthermore, the intraoperative blood transfusion and pT stage were significant different between long-term survival (survive for more than 3 years) and those who died within 3 years (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preoperative jaundice was not the independent factor resulting in the poor long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma after R0 resection. The pT stage was the only long-term prognostic factor in all GBC patients regardless of preoperative jaundice.
Microglial and peripheral immune priming is partially sexually dimorphic in adolescent mouse offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet
Authors: Bordeleau Maude , Lacabanne Chloé , Fernández de Cossío Lourdes , Vernoux Nathalie , Savage Julie C. , González-Ibáñez Fernando , Tremblay Marie-Ève
Published: September 2020

Background

Maternal nutrition is critical for proper fetal development. While increased nutrient intake is essential during pregnancy, an excessive consumption of certain nutrients, like fat, can lead to long-lasting detrimental consequences on the offspring. Animal work investigating the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) revealed in the offspring a maternal immune activation (MIA) phenotype associated with increased inflammatory signals. This inflammation was proposed as one of the mechanisms causing neuronal circuit dysfunction, notably in the hippocampus, by altering the brain-resident macrophages—microglia. However, the understanding of mechanisms linking inflammation and microglial activities to pathological brain development remains limited. We hypothesized that mHFD-induced inflammation could prime microglia by altering their specific gene expression signature, population density, and/or functions.

Methods

We used an integrative approach combining molecular (i.e., multiplex-ELISA, rt-qPCR) and cellular (i.e., histochemistry, electron microscopy) techniques to investigate the effects of mHFD (saturated and unsaturated fats) vs control diet on inflammatory priming, as well as microglial transcriptomic signature, density, distribution, morphology, and ultrastructure in mice. These analyses were performed on the mothers and/or their adolescent offspring at postnatal day 30.

Results

Our study revealed that mHFD results in MIA defined by increased circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in the mothers. This phenotype was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response to peripheral lipopolysaccharide in mHFD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Microglial morphology was also altered, and there were increased microglial interactions with astrocytes in the hippocampus CA1 of mHFD-exposed male offspring, as well as decreased microglia-associated extracellular space pockets in the same region of mHFD-exposed offspring of the two sexes. A decreased mRNA expression of the inflammatory-regulating cytokineTgfb1and microglial receptorsTmem119,Trem2, andCx3cr1was additionally measured in the hippocampus of mHFD-exposed offspring, especially in males.

Conclusions

Here, we described how dietary habits during pregnancy and nurturing, particularly the consumption of an enriched fat diet, can influence peripheral immune priming in the offspring. We also found that microglia are affected in terms of gene expression signature, morphology, and interactions with the hippocampal parenchyma, in a partially sexually dimorphic manner, which may contribute to the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes on the offspring.
Community attitudes and gendered influences on decision making around contraceptive implant use in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Gupta Sarika , Bernays Sarah , Black Kirsten Isla , Ramsay Philippa , Bolnga John , Kelly-Hanku Angela
Published: September 2020

Background

Despite targeted interventions to improve contraceptive implant acceptability and uptake in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG), ongoing use of this method remains limited. Previous literature has suggested community attitudes and intrinsic factors within the decision-making process may be negatively impacting on implant uptake, however these elements have not previously been studied in detail in this context. We set out to explore community attitudes towards the contraceptive implant and the pathways to decision making around implant use in a rural community on Karkar Island, PNG.

Methods

We conducted 10 focus-group (FGD) and 23 in-depth interviews (IDI) using semi-structured topic guides. Key sampling characteristics included age, exposure or non-exposure to implants, marital status, education and willingness to participate in discussion. Four FGDs were held with women, four with men and two with mixed gender. IDIs were carried out with five women (current implant users, former implant users, implant never users), five men, five religious leaders (Catholic and non-Catholic), four village leaders and four health workers. Two in-depth interviews (four participants) were analysed as dyads and the remaining participant responses were analysed individually.

Results

Men were supportive of their wives using family planning but there was a community-wide lack of familiarity about the contraceptive implant which influenced its low uptake. Men perceived family planning to be ‘women’s business’ but remained strongly influential in the decision making processes around method use. Young men were more receptive to biomedical information than older men and had a greater tendency towards wanting to use implants. Older men preferred to be guided by prominent community members for decisions concerning implants whilst young men were more likely to engage with health services directly.

Conclusions

In communities where a couple’s decision to use the contraceptive implant is strongly coloured by gendered roles and social perceptions, having a detailed understanding of the relational dynamics affecting the decision-making unit is useful in targeting future healthcare interventions. Engaging groups who are reluctant to connect with health information, as well as those who are most influential in the decision making process, will have the greatest impact on increasing implant acceptability and uptake.
Anti-inflammatory effect of unripe apple polyphenols-chitooligosaccharides microcapsule against LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Zheng Hu-Zhe , Cui Chun-Lan , Jeong Woo-Sik , Chung Shin-Kyo
Published: September 2020

In order to improve the synergistic effect of unripe apple polyphenols (APP) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), apple polyphenols-chitooligosaccharides microcapsule (APCM) were prepared by spray-drying method. The effects of APCM on the release of polyphenols in simulated gastrointestinal digestion model, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and HPLC analysis of APP and APCM showed that during the spray-drying process, most of the polyphenols are successfully encapsulated in COS. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion model results showed that about 98% of polyphenols released from APCM within 60 min. Anti-inflammatory effect of APCM on LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells showed that although APP showed a strong inhibitory effect on cell viability at 0.6 mg/mL, the effect of APCM on cell viability was less and could maintain a high level at the same concentration. In addition, APCM significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α production via the elevation of cytokine IL-10 as the concentration increases, respectively. The results suggest that APCM alleviate the intensity of inflammatory processes by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, as well as additionally by promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10. These findings provide scientific and theoretical support for the claim that traditional medicine treats inflammation-related diseases.
Dramatic neurological and biological effects by botulinum neurotoxin type A on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, beyond the blockade of neurotransmitter release
Authors: Wang Lei , Ringelberg Carol S. , Singh Bal R.
Published: September 2020

Background

Gene expression profile analysis on mammalian cell lines and animal models after exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been investigated in several studies in recent years. Microarray analysis provides a powerful tool for identifying critical signaling pathways involved in the biological and inflammatory responses to BoNT and helps determine the mechanism of the function of botulinum toxins.

One of the pivotal clinical characteristics of BoNT is its prolonged on-site effects. The role of BoNT on the blockage of neurotransmitter acetylcholine release in the neuromuscular junction has been well established. However, the effects of the treatment time of BoNT on the human cellular model and its potential mechanism remain to be defined.

Methods

This study aimed to use gene microarray technology to compare the two physiological critical time points of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) treatment of human neuroblastoma cells and to advance our understanding of the profound biological influences that toxin molecules play in the neuronal cellular system. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with BoNT/A for 4 and 48 h, which represent the time needed for the entrance of toxin into the cells and the time necessary for the initial appearance of the on-site effects after BoNT application, respectively.

Results

A comparison of the two time points identified 122 functional groups that are significantly changed. The top five groups are alternative splicing, phosphoprotein, nucleus, cytoplasm, and acetylation. Furthermore, after 48 h, there were 744 genes significantly up-regulated, and 624 genes significantly down-regulated (p‹ 0.01). These genes fell into the following neurological and biological annotation groups: Nervous system development, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cellular function and signal transduction, and apoptosis.

We have also noticed that the up-regulated groups contained neuronal cell development, nervous system development, and metabolic processes. In contrast, the down-regulated groups contained many chromosomes and cell cycle categories.

Conclusions

The effects of BoNT/A on neuronal cells extend beyond blocking the neurotransmitter release, and that BoNT/A is a multifunctional molecule that can evoke profound cellular responses which warrant a more in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the toxin’s effects after administration.
The spherical-Dirichlet distribution
Authors: Guardiola Jose H.
Published: September 2020

Today, data mining and gene expressions are at the forefront of modern data analysis. Here we introduce a novel probability distribution that is applicable in these fields. This paper develops the proposed spherical-Dirichlet distribution designed to fit vectors located at the positive orthant of the hypersphere, as it is often the case for data in these fields, avoiding unnecessary probability mass. Basic properties of the proposed distribution, including normalizing constants and moments are developed. Relationships with other distributions are also explored. Estimators based on classical inferential statistics, such as method of moments and maximum likelihood estimators are obtained. Two applications are developed: the first one uses simulated data, and the second uses a real text mining example. Both examples are fitted using the proposed spherical-Dirichlet distribution and their results are discussed.
Overcoming anticancer resistance by photodynamic therapy-related efflux pump deactivation and ultrasound-mediated improved drug delivery efficiency
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Park Suhyun , Yoo Hongkeun , Park Suhyeon , Kim Jeewon , Yum Kyuhee , Kim Kwangmeyung , Kim Hyuncheol
Published: September 2020

One of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy is multi-drug resistance (MDR). A multi-drug resistant cancerous cell abnormally overexpresses membrane transporters that pump anticancer drugs out of the cell, resulting in low anticancer drug delivery efficiency. To overcome the limitation, many attempts have been performed to inhibit the abilities of efflux receptors chemically or genetically or to increase the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs. However, the results have not yet been satisfactory. In this study, we developed nanoparticle-microbubble complexes (DOX-NPs/Ce6-MBs) by conjugating doxorubicin loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (DOX-NPs) onto the surface of Chlorin e6 encapsulated microbubbles (Ce6-MBs) in order to maximize anticancer efficiency by overcoming MDR. Under the ultrasound irradiation, DOX-NPs and Ce6 encapsulating self-assembled liposomes or micelles were effectively delivered into the cells due to the sonoporation effect caused by the microbubble cavitation. At the same time, reactive oxygen (ROS) generated from intracellularly delivered Ce6 by laser irradiation arrested the activity of ABCG2 efflux receptor overexpressed in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR), resulting in increased the chemotherapy efficacy. In addition, the total number of side population cells that exhibit the properties of cancer stem-like cells were also reduced by the combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In conclusion, DOX-NPs/Ce6-MBs will provide a platform for simultaneously overcoming MDR and increasing drug delivery and therefore, treatment efficiency, under ultrasound irradiation.
Gene specific therapies – the next therapeutic milestone in neurology
Authors: Brenner David , Ludolph Albert C. , Weishaupt Jochen H.
Published: September 2020

Gene selective approaches that either correct a disease mutation or a pathogenic mechanism will fundamentally change the treatment of neurological disorders. Basically, gene specific therapies are designed to manipulate RNA expression or reconstitute gene expression and function depending on the disease mechanism. Considerable methodological advances in the last years have made successful clinical translation of gene selective approaches possible, based on RNA interference or viral gene reconstitution in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). In this review, we provide an overview of the existing and coming gene specific therapies in neurology and discuss benefits, risks and challenges.
Retraction Note: The diagnostic value of combined dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterization of parotid gland tumors
Authors: EL-Adalany Mohamed Ali , Mousa Amany Ezzat Mohamed , EL-Metwally Dina
Published: September 2020

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43055-020-00306-y.
Spray drying studies of probiotic Enterococcus strains encapsulated with whey protein and maltodextrin
Authors: Bhagwat Ashlesha , Bhushette Pravin , Annapure Uday S.
Published: September 2020

Background

Probiotic Enterococcus strains of human origin were microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin as an encapsulating agent. The obtained encapsulates were characterized for stability, viability, and physiological properties.

Results

The microcapsules were prepared from probiotic Enterococcus strains that were previously isolated from human vagina and infants’ meconium. The microcapsules revealed similar particle sizes and morphologies. The highest hygroscopicity was observed in the microcapsules produced with strain E. rivorum S22C (0.17 ± 1.15) g water/kg powder/min. E. canintestini S18A revealed highest dissolution time in water (703 ± 2 s). The DSC thermogram revealed excellent thermal stability of all microcapsules. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the microcapsules were acceptable with regard to residual water content, particle mean size, and thermophysical properties and storage stability under room temperature conditions, with a low inactivation rate of Enterococcus strains. All the microcapsules revealed the recommended count of probiotic cells, low moisture content with low water activity. Observation under a scanning electron microscope revealed spherical-shaped partially collapsed structures measuring between 9 and 14 μm with surface concavities.

Conclusions

The microcapsule probiotic strains of Enterococcus microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin revealed properties of acceptable standards. These strains can have future potential as developing probiotic animal feed and food industry.
Early Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Bin , Cai Jian , Xu Yun , Long Yuhang , Deng Langhui , Lin Suiwen , Zhang Jinxin , Yang Jianbo , Zhong Lieqiang , Luo Yanmin , Zhou Yi , Zhang Ying , Li Zhuyu , Chen Hanqing , Wang Zilian
Published: September 2020

Context

The significance of an early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has not been determined.

Objective

The objective of this work is to investigate GDM diagnosed by early and standard OGTTs and determine adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with early GDM diagnosis.

Research Design and Methods

The Early Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus study is a prospective cohort study. Each participant in the study underwent 2 OGTTs, an early OGTT at 18 to 20 gestational weeks (gws) and a standard OGTT at 24 to 28 gws. The reproduciblity between early and standard OGTT were analyzed. Maternal and neonatal metabolic disorders and pregnancy outcomes were compared across groups.

Results

A total of 522 participants completed both the early and standard OGTTs. The glucose values in the early OGTT were not significantly different from those in the standard OGTT (fasting: 4.31 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs 4.29 ± 0.37 mmol/L, P = .360; 1-hour: 7.68 ± 1.71 mmol/L vs 7.66 ± 1.59 mmol/L, P = .826; 2-hour: 6.69 ± 1.47 mmol/L vs 6.71 ± 1.39 mmol/L, P = .800). The reproducibility of early and standard OGTT results was 74.9%. Pregnant women in the GDM group had higher glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in the late gestational period. Neonates born to mothers in the GDM group were at a higher risk of being large for gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 3.665; 95% CI, 1.006-11.91) and were also more prone to neonatal hyperinsulinemia (OR: 3.652; 95% CI, 1.152-10.533).

Conclusion

Early-onset GDM diagnosed by OGTT at 18 to 20 gws is associated with maternal and neonatal metabolic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials on the therapeutic efficacy for early-onset GDM will confirm the significance of early screening for GDM.
Nomogram-Based Preoperative Score for Predicting Clinical Outcome in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Yang Yi , Williams Tracy Ann , Song Ying , Yang Shumin , He Wenwen , Wang Kanran , Cheng Qingfeng , Ma Linqiang , Luo Ting , Yang Jun , Reincke Martin , Burrello Jacopo , Li Qifu , Mulatero Paolo , Hu Jinbo
Published: September 2020

Context

More than half of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) suffer from persisting hypertension after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Objective

The objective of this work is to develop and validate a nomogram-based preoperative score (NBPS) to predict clinical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy for UPA.

Design and Setting

The NBPS was developed in an Asian cohort by incorporating predictors independently associated with remission of hypertension after unilateral adrenalectomy for UPA and validated in a Caucasian cohort.

Participants

Participants comprised patients with UPA achieving complete biochemical success after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Main Outcome Measure

Measurements included the predictive performance of the NBPS compared with 2 previously developed outcome prediction scores: aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) and primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) score.

Results

Ninety-seven of 150 (64.7%) patients achieved complete clinical success after unilateral adrenalectomy in the training cohort and 57 out of 165 (34.5%) in the validation cohort. A nomogram was established incorporating sex, duration of hypertension, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, and target organ damage. The nomogram showed good C indices and calibration curves both in Asian and Caucasian cohorts. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the NBPS for predicting hypertension remission in the training cohort was 0.853 (0.786-0.905), which was superior to the ARS (0.745 [0.667-0.812], P = .019) and PASO score (0.747 [0.670-0.815], P = .012). The AUC of the NBPS in the validation cohort was 0.830 (0.764-0.884), which was higher than the ARS (0.745 [95% CI, 0.672-0.810], P = .045), but not significantly different from the PASO score (0.825 [95% CI, 0.758-0.880], P = .911).

Conclusion

The NBPS is useful in predicting clinical outcome for UPA patients, especially in the Asian population.
Staging the Tumor and Staging the Host: Pretreatment Combined Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score Is Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Esophagogastric Cancers Undergoing Treatment with Curative Intent
Authors: McSorley Stephen T. , Lau Hiu Y. N. , McIntosh David , Forshaw Matthew J. , McMillan Donald C. , Crumley Andrew B.
Published: September 2020

Background

This study examined whether an innate systemic inflammatory response (SIR) measured by combination neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) was associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with esophagogastric cancer (EC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with EC, managed with NAC prior to surgery at a regional referral center, between January 2010 and December 2015, were included. The mGPS and NLR were calculated within 12 weeks before NAC. Patients were grouped by combined NLR/mGPS score into three groups of increasing SIR: NLR ≤ 3 (n = 152), NLR > 3 + mGPS = 0 (n = 55), and NLR > 3 + mGPS > 0 (n = 32). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression was used to analyse OS.

Results

Overall, 337 NAC patients were included, with 301 (89%) proceeding to surgery and 215 (64%) having R0 resection. There were 203 deaths, with a median follow-up of those alive at censor of 69 months (range 44–114). Higher combined NLR/mGPS score (n = 239) was associated with poorer OS independent of clinical stage and performance status (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.61; p = 0.032), higher rate of progression on NAC (7% vs. 7% vs. 19%; p = 0.003), and lower proportion of eventual resection (80% vs. 84% vs. 53%; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The combined NLR/mGPS score was associated with OS and initial treatment outcomes in patients undergoing NAC prior to surgery for EC, stratifying survival in addition to clinical staging and performance status. The host SIR may be a useful adjunct to multidisciplinary decision making.
PERAN UKM DALAM MENSTABILKAN HARGA MASKER SEBAGAI BENTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Arfan Rahmat , Hamdani Hamdani , Puspita Desy , Akbar Indra , Ambartiasari Geta , Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: September 2020

Community Service Activities (PkM) aim to help ease the burden on people affected by Covid-19 in Banda Aceh. This activity has resulted in a caring attitude towards people who need masks at affordable prices. Meanwhile, the price of masks has been influenced by market mechanisms. By empowering micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to produce masks made of cloth, the availability of masks in the market has reduced scarcity so that prices are stable. The method of implementing this activity is direct application in the field.
Performance of Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Malkangiri District of South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha
Authors: Rai A. K. , Dash S. R. , Behera N , Behera T. K , Das H
Published: September 2020

Drought is the major problem in India and occurrence at the time of critical growth stages, reduce crop yield significantly. The National Rice Research Institute, Cuttak, Odisha has developed so many drought tolerance rice varieties to reduce the economic loss due to drought. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malkangiri introduced NRRI released two rice varieties i.e. Sahbhagi Dhan and Satyabhama at framers' field to evaluate the performance of these drought tolerant varieties in South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha. The highest plant height was observed with the rice variety Satyabhama (104.1 cm). But, overall performance of Sahbhagi Dhan was better as compare to Satyabhama and local check verity (Khandagiri). Sahbhagi Dhan gave highest yield of 36.5 q/ha, which was statistically differed from others. Correlations study for Sahbhagi Dhan was assessed and observed the positive correlation for grain yield with all studied characters except plant height. For economic point of view, Sahbhagi Dhan recorded highest net return of Rs.19, 925/- per ha along with B:C ratio of 1.6 as compared to the rest two varieties.
The place of hydration using intravenous fluid in patients at risk of developing contrast-associated nephropathy
Authors: Liu Shuang , Shan Xin-Gang , Zhang Xiao-Jie
Published: September 2020

There has been a significant rise in the incidence of contrast-associated nephropathy caused by administration of contrast media during cardiac interventions. This is one of the major complications of percutaneous coronary interventions, which may proceed to acute renal failure. Risk factors, including pre-existing renal dysfunction, older age and use of high osmolar contrast media, predispose patients to the development of contrast-associated nephropathy. Different risk-reduction strategies have been used to prevent contrast-associated nephropathy, including use of low osmolar contrast media, N-acetylcysteine, alkalisation of tubular fluid with intravenous sodium bicarbonate, and oral and intravenous hydration with isotonic solution. Hydration using intravenous saline is one of the main treatments used to prevent the development of nephropathy in patients receiving contrast media during cardiac interventions. Prehydration, before administering contrast media, seems to be crucial. The results of studies of the relative efficacy of sodium bicarbonate and/or N-acetylcysteine in reducing the development of contrast-associated nephropathy are not consistent and any beneficial effects may depend on the pre-existing state of the kidney. This review discusses hydration of patients who are at risk of developing contrast-associated nephropathy using intravenous fluid.
Evaluation of bone perfusion during open orthopedic surgery using quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging
Authors: Gitajn I. Leah , Elliott Jonathan T. , Gunn Jason R. , Ruiz Alberto J. , Henderson Eric R. , Pogue Brian W. , Jiang Shudong
Published: September 2020

In this study, an indocyanine green (ICG)-based dynamic contrast- enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI) technique was evaluated as a method to provide objective real-time data on bone perfusion using a porcine osteotomy model. DCE-FI with sequentially increasing injury to osseous blood supply was performed in 12 porcine tibias. There were measurable, reproducible and predictable changes to DCE-FI data across each condition have been observed on simple kinetic curve-derived variables as well variables derived from a novel bone-specific kinetic model. The best accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 89%, 88% and 90%, have been achieved to effectively differentiate injured from normal/healthy bone.
1000-volume/s high-speed volumetric display for high-speed HMD
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Fukano Yugo , Oku Hiromasa
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a high-speed volumetric display principle that can solve two problems faced by three-dimensional displays using the parallax stereo principle (namely, the vergence-accommodation conflict and display latency) and we report evaluation results. The proposed display method can update a set of images at different depths at 1000 Hz and is consistent with accommodation. The method selects the depth position in microseconds by combining a high-speed variable-focus lens that vibrates at about 69 kHz and sub-microsecond control of illumination light using an LED. By turning on the LED for only a few hundred nanoseconds when the refractive power of the lens is at a certain value, an image can be presented with this specific refractive power. The optical system is combined with a DMD to form an image at each depth. 3D information consisting of multiple planes in the depth direction can be presented at a high refresh rate by switching the images and changing the refractive power at high speed. A proof-of-concept system was developed to show the validity of the proposed display principle. The system successfully displayed 3D information consisting of six binary images at an update rate of 1000 volume/s.
Birefringent optofluidic gratings
Authors: Calixto Sergio , Garcia-Cordero Jose L. , Cedillo-Alcantar Diana F. , Naydenova Izabela , Garnica Guillermo
Published: September 2020

A set of parallel microfluidic channels behaving as a diffraction grating operating in the Raman-Nath regime has been fabricated and studied. The diffraction efficiency of such structure can be tuned by selecting a liquid with a particular refractive index and/or optical anisotropy. Alternatively the optical properties of the liquid can be characterised by measuring the diffraction efficiency and the state of polarization of the diffracted beam. In this work, the microfluidic channels under study have been filled with penicillin molecules dissolved in water. Due to the chirality of the penicillin, the liquid has been found to have circular birefringence of 2.14 × 10−7. The addition of the anisotropic liquid modifies the polarization properties of the microfluidic diffraction grating. The diffraction efficiency of the grating has been characterised for different probe beam wavelengths and states of polarization. Currently the diffraction efficiency of the device is low – 1.7%, but different approaches for its improvement have been discussed.
Advancing the sensitivity of integrated epoxy-based Bragg grating refractometry by high-index nanolayers
Authors: Hessler Steffen , Knopf Stefan , Rommel Mathias , Girschikofsky Maiko , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, we report on significantly improved surrounding RI sensitivity of epoxy polymer waveguide Bragg grating sensors. Uniform Bragg gratings were generated inside flat rectangular epoxy waveguides near the cutoff regime using standard phase mask excimer laser writing. Thickness controlled nanolayers of high-index titanium dioxide were deposited homogeneously on the waveguide sensor’s surface area by repeated reactive sputter processing. Maximum Bragg wavelength shifts as high as 74.22 nm, as well as maximum sensitivities around 523 nm/RI unit corresponding to a minimum RI resolution of

1.9

⋅

1

0

−
6

, could be obtained by employing a

∼

75

n
m

thick titanium dioxide coating.
Enhanced resonant vibrational Raman scattering of N2+ induced by self-seeding ionic lasers created in polarization-modulated intense laser fields
Authors: Li Guihua , Xie Hongqiang , Zhang Qian , Lei Hongbin , Zhou Xingyu , Wang XiaoWei , Chen Zhiming , Zhao Zengxiu
Published: September 2020

We report on an experimental investigation of the five vibrational Raman lines at 358 nm, 388 nm, 391 nm, 428 nm, and 471 nm of

N

2
+

resonantly driven by the self-seeding ionic lasers generated by a polarization-modulated (PM) or alternatively a linearly polarized (LP) femtosecond laser. It was found that the spectral intensities of several Raman lines can be dramatically enhanced by exploiting the PM laser pulses in comparison to the LP laser pulses. The evaluated Raman conversion efficiency reaches

∼

1

0

−
2

for some lasing lines at suitable pressures. Moreover, the role of interplay between the seed amplification and the resonant vibrational Raman scattering processes in inducing the gain of

N

2
+

lasing is characterized for the first time. The developed vibrational Raman spectroscopy with intense ultrafast lasers provides an additional approach to interrogate the products in a femtosecond filament, and it therefore can be a powerful tool for identifying chemical species at remote distances in the atmosphere.
Interface states and bound states in the continuum in photonic crystals with different lattice constants
Authors: Chai Jiwang , Liu Liang , Hu Peng , Xiang Hong , Han Dezhuan
Published: September 2020

The existence of interface states at the boundary of two semi-infinite photonic crystals (PhCs) with different lattice constants are investigated systematically. Compared to the interface states in the two PhCs with the same period, a band folding effect is observed for the interface states inside the common band gap of the two PhCs with different lattice constants. We demonstrate that these interface states can be predicted by the surface impedance of the two PhCs. The dispersion of interface states can be determined by the condition of impedance matching combined with the band folding effect. Moreover, some part of the folded interface states penetrates the region of projected bulk bands, and they usually leak to the bulk and form resonant states. However, the interface state at the Γ point can be perfectly localized and becomes a bound state in the continuum (BIC) due to the symmetry mismatch. These findings may provide a general scheme for designing BICs in the PhC structures based on the interface states.
Epsilon-near-zero thin-film metamaterials for wideband near-perfect light absorption
Authors: Smith Evan M. , Chen Jinnan , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Cleary Justin W. , Dass Chandriker , Reed Amber N. , Vangala Shivashankar , Guo Junpeng
Published: September 2020

Absorptive metamaterials made of epsilon-near-zero indium tin oxide and silicon dioxide films are designed and fabricated for wideband perfect light absorption near the epsilon-near-zero wavelength. By increasing the number of bilayers, we achieve over 90% absorption in a spectral bandwidth of 0.95 microns.
Thermal intermodulation noise in cavity-based measurements
Authors: Fedorov Sergey A. , Beccari Alberto , Arabmoheghi Amirali , Wilson Dalziel J. , Engelsen Nils J. , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: September 2020

Thermal frequency fluctuations in optical cavities limit the sensitivity of precision experiments ranging from gravitational wave observatories to optical atomic clocks. Conventional modeling of these noises assumes a linear response of the optical field to the fluctuations of cavity frequency. Fundamentally, however, this response is nonlinear. Here we show that nonlinearly transduced thermal fluctuations of cavity frequency can dominate the broadband noise in photodetection, even when the magnitude of fluctuations is much smaller than the cavity linewidth. We term this noise “thermal intermodulation noise” and show that for a resonant laser probe it manifests as intensity fluctuations. We report and characterize thermal intermodulation noise in an optomechanical cavity, where the frequency fluctuations are caused by mechanical Brownian motion, and find excellent agreement with our developed theoretical model. We demonstrate that the effect is particularly relevant to quantum optomechanics: using a phononic crystal

membrane with a low-mass, soft-clamped mechanical mode, we are able to operate in the regime where measurement quantum backaction contributes as much force noise as the thermal environment does. However, in the presence of intermodulation noise, quantum signatures of measurement are not revealed in direct photodetection. The reported noise mechanism, while studied for an optomechanical system, can exist in any optical cavity.
Molecular genotypes analysis of Cryptosporidium and Hymenolepis in rats on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Resnhaleksmana Ersandhi , Artama Wayan Tunas , Wijayanti Mahardika Agus , Fihiruddin Fihiruddin
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Cryptosporidium parvum and Hymenolepis nana are intestinal parasites that are commonly found in the unclean environment. Their presence in rats promotes the transmission of the cryptosporidiosis and hymenolepiasis to humans or animals nearby. This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of C. parvum and H. nana and their distribution in rats on Lombok Island. Materials and Methods: C. parvum and H. nana were investigated in 50 rats from Lombok Island. The molecular-parasitological technique used was polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method. Results: From 50 samples of rats' stool from 10 locations on Lombok Island, 8% (4/50) of C. parvum was detected molecularly with an 18S rRNA gene and 2% (1/50) of H. nana with COX 1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. parvum carrying rats on Lombok Island have a genetic relationship with C. parvum with Obi7 isolates, Japan and H. nana has a genetic relationship with Rodentolepis nana identified with Hn-VT isolates, India. Conclusion: The highest incidence of parasites was found in rats that were caught in the urban areas of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Immediately, public health programs in these types of contaminated areas should receive priority attention to prevent further transmission of the parasites from animals to human beings.
O ESCORPIONISMO NA ÁREA URBANA DE PALMAS-TOCANTINS
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Mendonça de , Cristo Sandro Sidnei Vargas de , Albuquerque Heguel Belmiro Souto de , Porto Késia Abreu dos Santos , Souza Jorge Luiz de , Seibert Carla Simone
Published: September 2020

Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil dos acidentes por escorpiões, em Palmas - Tocantins. O tema foi escolhido devido ao processo de urbanização da cidade ter ocorrido desordenadamente, com a população ocupando locais com fauna bastante diversificada, entre elas a de escorpiões. Para avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes e mapear as notificações realizadas no município, foram consultados os dados registrados entre o período de 2007 a 2013, junto ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Com o intuito de identificar as espécies ocorrentes no município foi realizada busca ativa dos escorpiões nas residências, nas áreas de atividade coletiva da população ou áreas nativas da região. O perfil epidemiológico demonstrou frequência equivalente dos acidentes entre os indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com maior incidência de pessoas com idade entre 20 a 49 anos. Para o período de análise foram notificados 653 casos, sendo 521 no distrito sede do município. A espécie Tityus confluens foi a mais coletada, sendo possivelmente a responsável pela maioria dos acidentes. Sugere-se mobilização dos serviços de saúde para as áreas prioritárias do município e implementação de estratégias de vigilância e controle do escorpionismo.
Tecnologia e degradação de pastagens na pecuária no Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Elis Regina de , Rego Silva Janete , Fernandes Baumann Luís Rodrigo , Miziara Fausto , Guimarães Ferreira Laerte , Rodrigues de Oliveira Merelles Leonardo
Published: September 2020

A pecuária no Brasil teve papel relevante na formação do espaço rural. Tal processo ocasionou um passivo ambiental, pois se desenvolveu sem considerar os impactos ao meio ambiente, relativos à erosão e compactação dos solos, emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), além do uso intensivo de terra e dos recursos hídricos. Em significativa parcela das propriedades o manejo inadequado resultou em pastagens com níveis de degradação. A literatura aponta a importância da intensificação da tecnologia como forma de garantir pastagens sustentáveis. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre nível tecnológico de produção de bovinos e de degradação de pastagens na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho, em Goiás - Brasil. Esta área é considerada como representativa da pecuária no cerrado brasileiro. Foi utilizada amostra estratificada por compartimentos com 60 estabelecimentos agropecuários. Utilizaram-se as técnicas de análise de correspondência múltipla, análise de cluster e regressão beta para obter o Índice de Degradação de Pastagens (IDP). Verificaram-se associações bivariadas entre o Índice Tecnológico (IT) e as variáveis: renda, relevo e tamanho da propriedade. Foi possível constatar o emprego de maior nível tecnológico nas maiores propriedades e em terrenos mais planos. Também se constatou que o maior nível tecnológico propicia maior remuneração aos gestores. Porém não se observou relação entre a tecnologia empregada nos estabelecimentos e taxa de lotação animal, o que pode comprometer os resultados econômicos e bem-estar animal. Assim, como não foi observada associação entre índice tecnológico e índice de degradação de pastagens, sugerindo ocorrência de degradação de pastagens, mesmo quando do uso de tecnologias na produção de bovinos.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL BRANDING FORMING OF PSSI FORMER GENERAL PERSON EDY RAHMAYADI
Authors: Aliya Fibriyani Nur
Published: September 2020

Abstrak. Personal branding seorang eksekutif merupakan proses menjaga identitas, reputasi, dan citra publik seseorang. Mantan Ketua Umum PSSI, Edy Rahmayadi, menerima petisi online yang memaksanya mundur. Petisi online tersebut dipicu oleh maraknya pemberitaan di media massa dan media sosial. Meme kontroversial yang dibuat oleh Edy menanggapi pertanyaan jurnalis dibuat dan disebarluaskan di internet. Diketahui bahwa pengguna internet didominasi oleh pengguna internet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor personal branding Edy Rahmayadi dalam pandangan kaum milenial sebagai pengguna internet dan media sosial terbesar. Variabel origin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. adalah Authentic Personal Branding variable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat faktor baru terbentuk, yaitu Mampu menjelaskan sebelas faktor asal dan faktor personal branding pembentuk Edy Rahmayadi, Faktor pertama adalah Faktor Keunggulan, faktor kedua adalah Faktor Inovasi, Faktor ketiga adalah Faktor Pakar, dan Faktor keempat adalah Keunikan. Faktor yang menjelaskan variabel asal adalah faktor keunggulan.Abstract. An executive's personal branding is the process of maintaining one's identity, reputation and public image. Former PSSI Chairperson, Edy Rahmayadi, received an online petition that forced him to resign. This is happened when he handled the crisis that occurred in the PSSI organization. The online petition was triggered by the rise of news coverage on him in the mass media and social media. The controversial memes made by Edy in response to journalists' questions were made and disseminated on the internet. It is known that internet users are dominated by millennial generation, where this is directly proportional to social media users. Based on this, this study aims to analyze Edy Rahmayadi's personal branding factors in the view of millennials, as the biggest internet and social media user. The origin variable uses in this study is the Authentic Personal Branding variables. The results shows four new factors formed, which are able to explain eleven origin factors and the personal branding factors forming Edy Rahmayadi. The first factor is the Excellence Factor, the second factor is the Innovation Factor, the third Factor is the Expert Factor, and the fourth Factor is Uniqueness. The most dominant factor explaining the origin variable is the excellence factor.
FEMINISM IN ‘AFTER 11’ AN ADVERTISIMENT OF BUKALAPAK
Authors: . Rully , Basit Abdul , Prabella Muji
Published: September 2020

Abstrak. Perkembangan era digital saat ini telah memperlihatkan transformasi nyata dari perubahan ruang periklanan. Iklan dalam bentuk film telah menjadi bagian dari media massa sebagai salah satu media representasi yang merupakan cerminan dari masyarakat. Bukalapak melalui YouTube, membalut makna feminisme dalam kemasan film AFTER 11 yang sekaligus merupakan iklan untuk membangun pandangan agar masyarakat lebih berdaya. Dengan memperlihatkan figur perempuan seorang ibu yang tidak hanya berkiprah di ranah domestik, namun dapat melakukan aktifitas ataupun pekerjaan yang bersifat maskulin. Karakter perempuan yang menyadari kebebasannya membuat menarik untuk menguak dan menelitinya dari sisi feminisme, dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes yang memaparkan denotasi, konotasi dan mitos. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada ideologi feminisme yang ingin dibawa oleh Bukalapak melalui media iklan dalam film AFTER 11, bahwa perempuan saat ini dapat beraktifitas sebebas-bebasnya tanpa perlu khawatir dan mampu berperan ganda dalam memenuhi kebutuhan anaknya, selain itu juga Bukalapak ingin mendobrak stereotip menjadi pengusaha harus dengan modal yang besar dan biasanya hal ini hanya dapat dilakukan oleh kaum kapitalis, namun dengan Bukalapak, UKM atau individu, ataupun hanya seorang ibu rumah tangga, dapat berdaya dan tangguh.Abstract. The development of the digital era today has shown a real transformation of the changing advertising space. Advertising in the form of films has become part of the mass media as one of the media representations that are a reflection of society. Bukalapak through YouTube, wrapped the meaning of feminism in the AFTER 11 film packaging which is also an advertisement to broaden views so that people are more empowered. By showing a female figure as a mother who not only takes part in the domestic sphere, but also carry out activities or jobs that are masculine. The character of women who realize their freedom makes it interesting to uncover and examine it from the side of feminism, using Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis which presents denotations, connotations and myths. The conclusion of this study shows that there is an ideology of feminism that Bukalapak wants to bring through the advertising media in the film AFTER 11, that women today can work as freely as possible without worrying and being able to play a dual role in meeting their children's needs, besides that Bukalapak also wants to break stereotypes being an entrepreneur must be with big capital and usually this can only be done by the capitalists, but with Bukalapak, UKM or individual, or just a housewife, can be empowered and resilient.