bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN BILHARZIAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND NON‐BILHARZIAL HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: ABDEL‐TAWAB G. A. , KHOLIEF T. S. , EL‐SEWEDY S. M. , ABBASSY A. S. , ZEITOUN M. M. , HASSANEIN E. A.
Published: January 2008

Study on tryptophan metabolism in eight children presenting with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis revealed a pattern reflecting vitamin B6 deficiency and which could be corrected by supplementing this vitamin. This finding was attributed to S. mansoni infection rather than parenchymal involvement.

Similar study carried out on five children with non‐bilharzial hepatic cirrhosis showed low response to a tryptophan load which was not corrected by vitamin B6 supplementation.

The difference between the patterns of tryptophan metabolites in bilharzial fibrosis and non‐bilharzial cirrhosis in children might be due to bilharziasis in the former group and to deranged protein synthesis in the latter.
THE NOISE LEVEL IN A CHILDRENS HOSPITAL AND THE WAKE‐UP THRESHOLD IN INFANTS
Authors: GÄDEKE ROLAND , DÖRING BERNHARD , KELLER FRIEDRICH , VOGEL ANDRES
Published: January 2008

One hundred and twenty‐six children, 3 to 63 weeks of age, have been exposed to a mixed noise (100‐7000 Hz) in intensities between 50 and 80 dB under steady conditions of room acoustic during different periods of time between 10.30 p.m. and 01.00 a.m. A noise level of 75 dB led to obvious sleep disturbance or waking‐up in ⅔ of the children after 3 minutes and in all after 12 minutes. The waking threshold according to these investigations is higher than in adults.

A 24‐hour recording of the noise level in different types of infants' and children's care units demonstrated that the acoustic stress– especially by “interior working‐noise”–in care units of light construction reaches or exceeds the obligate waking‐noise threshold of infants during most of the day and night hours. This is regarded as a deficiency of hospital hygiene.
THERAPEUTIC STUDIES IN OSTEOPETROSIS
Authors: MOE PETER JOHAN , SKJæVELAND ARNLAUG
Published: January 2008

Four cases of osteopetrosis, with manifestations within the first months of life, are presented. The first two cases were siblings. One of them received no therapy, the other 12 blood transfusions and antibiotics. Therapy had no influence on the thrombocytopenia and haemolytic process in Case 2, and he developed rachitic‐like changes and a decrease in serum calcium during hospitalization. Both these two siblings died at the age of 5 months. The last two cases have been on prednisone therapy for 21 and 14 months, respectively. Case 3 is now doing well on prednisone, 7.5–10 mg every other day. Her mental and stato‐motoric development has so far been normal. Optic nerve decompression was performed in March 1968, and the eye on which the operation was performed still retains some vision. Case 4 was started on steroids when he was about 3 months older than Case 3. Splenectomy had to be performed due to high prednisone requirements, and he still needs prednisone, 15 mg every other day. He seems, unfortunately, to be blind and slightly retarded. Heparin seems to be of no practical value in this disorder. Cellulose phosphate therapy resulted in impaired calcium absorption. The resulting hypocalcemia seems, however, to have very little, if any, effect on the underlying disease.
OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS IN BONE MARROW ASPIRATED FROM CHILDREN WITH RICKETS
Authors: BARAK YIGAL
Published: January 2008

Examinations of bone marrow samples aspirated from 21 infants with symptoms of rickets showed a significant increase in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts as compared with control material.

The osteoblasts showed marked positive alkaline phosphatase staining reaction, while the osteoclasts‐and osteoblasts to a lesser extent‐showed positive staining reaction of acid phosphatase.

A significant correlation could be established between number of osteoblasts in bone marrow smers and level of serum alkaline phosphatase. Previous reports of similar marrow findings in diseases characterized by bone destruction and compensatory bone repair are reviewed. The mechanisms and the possible significance of such findings are evaluated.
DISLOCATION OF THE PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS OF THE HUMERUS IN NEWBORNS: Report of Two Cases and Discussion of Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: LEMPERG R. , LILIEQUIST B.
Published: January 2008

Two cases of traumatic dislocation of the proximal humerus epiphysis in newborns are reported. Clinical symptoms for early diagnosis and differentiation from “pure” brachial plexus injuries are described. Stress is lied on the local findings around the shoulder joint and the importance of taking X‐ray pictures in suitable symmetrical positions for demonstration of minor dislocations of the epiphyseal nucleus.
NUCHAL NAEVI AND INTERSCAPULAR TELANGIECTASES: Incidence in Danish School Children
Authors: ØSTER JAKOB , NIELSEN ARNE
Published: January 2008

Naevi in the fovea nuchae and telangiectases in the superior interscapular region have been found with great frequency in 2,171 school children aged 6‐17 years during a systematic search for these phenomena. The incidence of nuchal naevi was 46.2 per cent in girls, 35.1 per cent in boys. The incidence of telangiectasis was 39.9 per cent in girls and 32.3 per cent in boys.

No connection was found between the incidence of naevi and telangiectases.

Concerning nuchal naevi the incidence seems to be independent of age for boys, while for girls there seems to be an increase at the ages of 12‐13 years, and a subsequent decrease.

For boys and girls with interscapular telangiectases the course is parallel with constant values up to the age of 14 years with a subsequent decrease.

A comparison is made of other investigations concerning these phenomena, the significance of which is discussed.
INCREASED FLUORIDE INGESTION BY BOTTLE‐FED INFANTS AND ITS EFFECT
Authors: ERICSSON Y. , RIBELIUS U.
Published: January 2008

Infant feeding with water‐diluted cow's milk or, still more, dry‐milk formulas supplies many times greater fluoride doses than breast‐feeding, already with low water fluoride content, An investigation of schoolchildren in Uppsala (1.2 ppm F in the drinking water) showed only an insignificant trend towards increased enamel mottling in typically formula‐fed children compared to breast‐fed children. No health hazard thus seems to be involved.
RENAL FUNCTION DURING HYDROPENIA AND WATER DIURESIS IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: APERIA A. , BERG U. , BROBERGER O.
Published: January 2008

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary concentrating and diluting capacity and sodium excretion have been determined in 17 children with previous histories of urinary tract infection confirmed by urine cultures. There were no signs or symptoms of infection at the time of the study. Renal function was found to be normal in patients with normal intravenous pyelographies (IVPs). In the patients with renal parenchymal changes a wide variety of functional changes could be found. Reduction of the glomerular filtration rate was the predominant lesion. The GFR could however not be predicted by the IVP‐appearance. Most of the patients were able to increase the GFR during water diuresis. The glomerular‐tubular balance for sodium was reset in 3 of the patients as manifested by an increased CNa/CIn. The concentrating capacity was also reduced in those 3 patients, indicating an impairment of the sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle. All the patients were able to dilute the urine normally during water diuresis, but 5 of the patients were unable to increase their diluting capacity during the transition from hydropenia to water diuresis. It is noteworthy that only those patients were unable to increase the GFR significantly during the transition from hydropenia to water diuresis.
C‐REACTIVE PROTEIN IN SERUM FROM INFANTS AS DETERMINED WITH IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES
Authors: SAXSTAD J. , NILSSON L.‐A. , HANSON L. A.
Published: January 2008

Quantitative CRP determinations using immunodiffusion methods have been performed on 113 infants with various infections. Occurrence and concentration of CRP differed for various infectious diseases. Thus it was found in only a third of the infants with gastroenteritis, whereas it was found in all infants with pyelonephritis, mostly in high concentrations.
SEPARATION BY GEL FILTRATION AND MICRODETERMINATION OF UNBOUND BILIRUBIN
Authors: CHUNGA F. , LARDINOIS R.
Published: January 2008

A gel filtration technique and a diazoreaction method for unbound bilirubin separation and determination, directly applicable to small blood volumes has been described.

Precision of the microdetermination, reproducibility of the separation method and bilirubin recovery have been very satisfactory in our hands.

The effects of pH and relative albumin concentration on the albumin‐bilirubin binding were studied in sera and in commercial albumin‐bilirubin mixtures.
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR HAEMODIALYSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: LINDSTEDT ERIC , LINDERGARD BIRGER , LINDHOLM TORE
Published: January 2008

The subcutaneous fistula according to Cimino‐ Brescia was used in three children, 14, 13 and 7 years of age, for regular haemodialysis up to 25 months. No adverse effects on the central or local circulation were recorded, and no significant difference appeared in the growth of the fistula limb compared with that of the contralateral. The repeated percutaneous punc‐ tures have given no significant technic 81 or psychological problems to the patients nor to the nurses.
THE COMBINED XYLOSE‐DISACCHARIDE TOLERANCE TEST: ITS APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSING DISACCHARIDASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: FERNANDES J. , van de KAMER J. H.
Published: January 2008

Six children with a sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency were subjected to an oral tolerance test with sucrose or lactose combined with d(+)‐xylose.

Simultaneous determination of a xylose curve allowed a more certain interpretation of the blood glucose curve. A flat glucose curve combined with a normal xylose rise points to an impaired enzymic hydrolysis rather than to a defective absorption of its component monosaccharides. Compared with the normal range ±2 S.D. derived from 90 xylose curves of 61 “normal” children, the sucrase‐isomaltase deficients showed normal xylose curves.
A CASE OF TUBEROSE SCLEROSIS IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: BATSTONE G. F. , COLE A. P. , SANDRY S. A.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes an infant with tuberose sclerosis which died in the neonatal period from cardiac failure associated with multiple “Rhab‐domyomata” of the heart.
CUTIS LAXA ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AND CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: REISNER S. H. , SEELENFREUND M. , BEN‐BASSAT M.
Published: January 2008

Two female siblings with cutis laxa are reported. Both these infants showed marked intrauterine growth retardation, hyperlaxity of the joints, with congenital dislocation of the hip. Four similar female infants have been reported in the literature. The mode of inheritance appears to be as an autosomal recessive gene. The marked degree of intrauterine growth retardation may be indicative of a more severe form of the disease, which might be lethal in the male foetus.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF TAY‐SACHS DISEASE1
Authors: OHMAN ROLF , EKELUND HANS , SVENNERHOLM LARS
Published: January 2008

Gangliosides and neutral aminoglycolipids were determined in several organs from two subjects with classical Tay‐Sachs disease. Ganglioside GM2 was stored in all organs investigated. Of the extraneural organs, the highest concentration was found in the adrenals, spleen and liver. The rectal muscular layer had a high concentration of gangliosides. Rectal biopsy might be used for studies of the nervous ganglioside pattern.

The brain tissue showed a many‐fold increase of the activities of p‐nitrophenylglycosi‐dases. The activity of ganglioside sialidase in the brain was not increased in Tay‐Sachs and some other neurometabolic diseases. Subfrac‐tionation of the glycohydrolases by ultracen‐trifugation showed no hexosaminidase activity in the supernatant fraction of the brain in Tay‐Sachs disease compared with about 2/3 of the total activity in normal human brain.

A simple agarose electrophoretic method was developed for the separation of the hexosaminidases into two fractions, A and B. Hexosaminidase A was virtually absent in Tay‐Sachs disease.

The known forms of gangliosidoses and their biochemical characteristics are reviewed and a scheme is given for their classification and diagnosis.
CHRONIC HYPOMAGNESEMIA WITH MAGNESIUM‐DEPENDENT HYPOCALCEMIA
Authors: NORDIO S. , DONATH A. , MACAGNO F. , GATTI R.
Published: January 2008

A study has been carried out on the relationship between M, Ca and Sr in a case of primary Mg‐malabsorption and in control children on high‐ and low‐Mg diets.

Probably more than one transfer system exists for these cations in intestine and in Mg‐malabsorption the simple diffusion of both Mg and Sr is impaired.

The influence of Mg on Ca‐P homeostasis is not clearly understood but a resistance to parathormone and vitamin D in Mg‐deficiency is emphasized.
RUBIDOMYCIN IN BLASTIC PHASES OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC AND MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: ARMATA J. , WYSZKOWSKI J. , CYKLIS R.
Published: January 2008

Rubidomycin was administered in doses of 1 mg/kg body weight, usually in combination with prednisone. The best results were obtained in promyelocytic leukemia. Promyelocy‐tic leukemia in children seems to be characterized by sensitivity to rubidomycin even in late exacerbations.
NITROBLUE‐TETRAZOLIUM REDUCTION BY NEUTROPHILS OF NEWBORN INFANTS IN IN VITRO PHAGOCYTOSIS TEST
Authors: COCCHI P. , MORI S. , BECATTINI A.
Published: January 2008

Venous blood from healthy premature infants, premature infants with known bacterial infections, normal term infants and adults, was incubated in vitro with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At 30 min intervals, blood samples were tested for the nitroblue‐tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity of neutrophils. The results of the histochemical NBT test were compared with those of the blood controls from which bacteria were omitted.

The stimulation of neutrophils with Ps. aeruginosa induces a considerable increase of NBT reduction in all 4 groups of subjects examined. The maximum rate of NBT reduction was observed after 1 hour of incubation with the test organism, and reached its lowest degree after 3 hours. By contrast the NBT reduction by un‐stimulated neutrophils of the same subjects remain unchanged during a 3 hour period of incubation.
HEPATIC INVOLVEMENT IN THE COURSE OF ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS
Authors: KOUBA KAREL , JIRA JINDŘICH , ZITOVA DAISY
Published: January 2008

The authors report hepatosplenomegaly in 5‐year‐old girl together with pluriglandularlymphadenopathy, hepatic involvement and eosinophilia. Antibody tests for toxoplasmosis revealed high titres. The condition improved after treatment with toxoplasmacidal drugs.

The authors report hepatospienomegaly in a 5‐year‐old girl together with pluriglandular lymphadenopathy, hepatic involvement and eosinophilia. Antibody tests for toxoplasmosis revealed high titres. The condition improved after treatment with toxoplasmacidal drugs.
COMPARISON OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND EFFECTIVE RENAL PLASMA FLOW DETERMINATIONS OBTAINED BY A SINGLE INJECTION TECHNIQUE AND BY MEANS OF A STANDARD CLEARANCE TECHNIQUE IN CHILDREN
Authors: VÖGELI B. , RIEDWYL H. , DONATH A. , OETLIKER O.
Published: January 2008

In children 28 values for glomerular filtration rate and 25 values for effective renal plasma flow were simultaneously obtained by means of the inulin‐ and PAH‐clearance and by means of a single injection method with 51Cr‐EDTA and 123I‐OIH. These were compared in an appropriate statistical model. The results show good agreement of the two methods. The single injection method can therefore be of value in childhood when only values for GFR and effective renal plasma flow are asked or especially if inappropriate urinary collection is expected or bladder catheterisation is contraindicated. It has no place in studies concerned with renal physiology or pathophysiology.
HIGH FREQUENCY OF SALMONELLA SPECIES AS A CAUSE OF NEONATAL MENINGITIS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: BARCLAY NAOMI
Published: January 2008

538 cases of bacterial meningitis admitted from January 1964 to May 1969 in all age groups at the U.C.H., Ibadan, were reviewed. The proportion of enterobacterial cases of meningitis admitted to the U.C.H., Ibadan was higher than has been reported from any other centre, the maximum incidence being in the neonatal period. A very large number of these were due to various salmonella species, and 70% of these are currently resistant to the more commonly used antibiotics, including chloramphenicol. This resistance to chloramphenicol is reflected amongst all enterobacteria isolated in Ibadan and poses a considerable problem. At present, over 90% of neonates with enterobacterial meningitis die and this case fatality is maintained in the older age groups in cases where resistant strains are encountered.
ANAPHYLAXIS AND RED CELL SURVIVAL STUDIES IN A CHILD WITH INSULIN‐RESISTANT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: TOMSOVIC E. J. , FAULK W. PAGE , FUDENBERG H. H.
Published: January 2008

A child with the syndrome of diabetes mellitus, insulin‐resistance, Coombs' positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly was described. The patient's IgG anti‐insulin antibody was shown to be negative for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). In as much as the patient was refractory to prednisone therapy and presented a negative PCA test, he was consistent with the Oakley hypothesis that insulin‐resistant prednisone‐insensitive patients will be negative for PCA. The half‐life of the patient's red blood cells was shown to vary as a function of the type of insulin used in therapy. The child was shown to have immune‐complexes in his serum of insulin‐anti‐insulin specificity, and it was suggested that these complexes are partially responsible for the microangiopathy that is so often observed in diabetes mellitus.
HOMOVANILLIC ACID AND 5‐HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF A CHILD WITH FAMILIAL DYSAUTONOMIA
Authors: ANDERSON H. , HAGNE I. , ROOS B. E.
Published: January 2008

A case of familial dysautonomia with a high level of HVA and a normal level of 5‐HIAA in CSF is described. After probenecid loading test the increase in HVA was only slight, while the increase in 5‐HIAA was normal. These findings suggest an explanation for the pathogenesis of the disease.
STORAGE IRON IN FOETAL LIVERS
Authors: CHANG L. L.
Published: January 2008

Storage iron was estimated in the livers and kidneys of 12 premature and 12 mature stillborn infants. In both organs, the total storage iron content more than doubled during the last weeks of gestation. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of storage iron in these organs and the birth weight and gestational age of the infant.
DYNAMIC PRESSURE‐VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF THE LUNG AND POSITION IN HEALTHY NEONATES
Authors: SPOELSTRA A. J. G. , SRIKASIBHANDHA S.
Published: January 2008

There is no significant difference in the dynamic V/P loops of the lung between supine position with the head in normal median position, and prone position, i.e. when there is no deformation of the upper airways. In both prone and supine position with flexion or rotation of the head, the slope of the V/P loops was decreased and the width of the loops in creased. In pulmonary function tests special attention should therefore be given to the position of the head in relation to the body.
THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO VASCULAR RINGS IN THE SAME INFANT
Authors: AHLSTRÖM HANS , LUNDSTRÖM NILS‐RUNE , MORTENSSON WIGHER
Published: January 2008

A fatal case of an infant with a combination of two vascular rings is described. One ring consisted of a right‐sided aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery and persistent ductus arteriosus, the other of an anomalous left pulmonary artery branched off from the right pulmonary artery. The importance of a properly performed roentgen examination of the oesophagus is stressed.
STUDIES ON GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN A PATIENT WITH THE DIENCEPHALIC SYNDROME OF EMACIATION
Authors: HÄGER A. , THORELL J. I.
Published: January 2008

A girl with a large optic glioma, and the typical features of diencephalic syndrome of emaciation (Russell) was followed up from 1/2 to 2 1/2 years of age. She had very high levels of growth hormone (GH) in the plasma, which were not influenced by hyperglycaemia, by hypoglycaemia or by dexamethasone, reserpine or chlorpromazine. Interference by the glioma with GH releasing factor or more likely with GH inhibiting factor is suggested. In spite of the elevated plasma GH, linear growth was markedly retarded. Sulfation factor activity (Somatomedin) was low with no significant response to injections of HGH. The patho‐genesis of the profound metabolic disturbances in this syndrome is not properly understood. The endogenous GH obviously exerts its full adipokinetic effect, whereas the synthesis of the sulfation factor (Somatomedin) must be defective. This case illustrates a type of retardation of linear growth, not seen in any other known syndrome.
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY IN HYPOPITUITARISM DUE TO TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS
Authors: BARTSOCAS CHRISTOS S. , PANTELAKIS STEFANOS N.
Published: January 2008

Lesions due to tuberculous meningitis resulting in endocrine dysfunction are not rare. They usually cause inappropriate ADH secretion, but occasionally other endocrinopathies related to the affected hypothalamic or pituitary regions are seen.

Two female patients, 13 1/2 and 16 1/2 years old, treated in early childhood for tuberculous meningitis are presented. Both were very short and had intracranial calcifications; however, the hypothalamic area was involved in only one of the patients. Both had GH and ADH deficiency, while one of them had gonado‐tropin deficiency as well. Administration of HGH resulted in an adequate growth response.
NEONATAL HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: ØRBECK HARALD
Published: January 2008

Neonatal Graves disease, with frank cardiac failure and pronounced bilateral breast enlargement, is described in a premature infant female.

Thyrotoxicosis, culminating rapidly in thyroid storm, was successfully treated by administration of Lugol's solution, digitalis and phenobarbital.

The case is discussed in reference to the legitimacy of long‐acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) as the originator of neontal thyrotoxicosis.

Although LATS could not be detected, the occurrence of gastric parietal cell antibodies in both mother and child yielded presumptive evidence for thyrotoxicosis as an autoimmune disease.
CONGENITAL ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIA WITH A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED PORPHYRIN PATTERN
Authors: HOFSTAD F. , SEIP M. , ERIKSEN L.
Published: January 2008

One proven and one probable case of CEP in second cousins from Northern Norway are reported. The porphyrin pattern in Case 1, who has been studied extensively, in certain respects differs from that reported earlier in CEP, indicating that the disease may be genetically heterogeneous. The most impressive finding is the extraordinary high amounts of 7 carboxylic porphyrin in urine. Isomer analysis has shown this porphyrin to belong to the isomer III series. The presence of increased amounts of protoporphyrin in plasma and feces is also at variance with the picture seen in classical CEP.
PERINATAL ACIDOSIS AND PLACENTAL TRANSFUSION1
Authors: CHOU PAULA J. , ACKERMAN BRUCE D.
Published: January 2008

Umbilical artery pH and residual placental blood volume (RPBV) were determined for 75 full‐term newborn infants born by vaginal delivery. For 39 infants of multiparous mothers (IMM), there was a significant relationship between fetal acidosis and reduced RPBV. For 36 infants of primiparous mothers (IPM) a significant relationship was not present. Results of an earlier study suggested that perinatal acidosis was associated with reduced RPBV. The present study confirms this association for IMM's. The reason for the lack of a clearcut effect in IPMs is unknown.
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC CALCIFICATION IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: JESPERSEN N. B. , LUND H. T. , EGEBLAD M.
Published: January 2008

Intervertebral disc calcification (IVDC) is a disease seldom reported in the pediatric literature. It is often associated with local symptoms from the back and signs of systemic disease. A recent case in a 6‐year‐old boy is reported.
PERCENTILES OF BIRTH WEIGHTS OF SINGLE, LIVE BIRTHS AT DIFFERENT GESTATION PERIODS: Based or. 125 485 births in Norway, 1967 and 1968
Authors: BJERKEDAL TOR , BAKKETEI LEIV , LEHMAN EGIL H.
Published: January 2008

A total number of 125 485 single, live births with known sex and birth weight, and a gestation period estimated to be from 28.0 to 48.9 weeks, were registered in Norway in 196 and 1968. Information about these births pro vided by a national scheme of medical registration of births is used in a study of the relation between birth weight and gestation period.

An almost linear relation was found to exist for gestation periods of 35 to 42 weeks. In this interval, median birth weight increased about 200 g a week. At the same gestation period male births were found to be on the average about 150 g heavier than female births. Parity also had a notable influence on birth weight. For gestation periods of 35 weeks and more, the birth weight of a first born male was found to average about 170 g less than that of a second and subsequently born. For female births the difference was 130 g.

The material is suggested for use as reference for birth weight at various gestation periods and tables are included for this purpose.
PROPER LOCATION OF UMBILICAL VENOUS CATHETERS BY INTERNAL ELECTROCARDIOSCOPY
Authors: NODARI SANDRO , AGOSTINO ROCCO , BUCCI GIOVANNI
Published: January 2008

A method is described which facilitates the location of the tip of an umbilical venous catheter in the inferior vena cava near the right atrium by means of internal e!ectrocardio‐scopy using standard umbilical catheters and cardiomonitoring equipment. Entering the atria was chiefly indicated by tall and peaked P waves. On withdrawal of the catheter, small and peaked P waves were elicited at a radiological position of the catheter tip between 0.5 cm above and 1.0 cm below the diaphragm, presumably corresponding to the inferior vena cava near the atrial inlet. The latter location was obtained in 38 (67%) out of 57 newborns undergoing the procedure. The present method is simple and accurate, and it is considered superior to methods used so far for the same purpose. The need for safety precautions against electrical hazards has been stressed.
FIBRINOLYSIS IN LYMPHANGIOMA
Authors: KORNFALT R. , NILSSON I. M. , OKMIAN L.
Published: January 2008

Two operations upon a giant gluteal lymph‐angioma in a boy were complicated by massive haemorrhage. The complication proved to be due to fibrinolysis stimulated by activators released by the tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of high fibrino‐lytic activity and FDP in blood and discharge drained from the wound. The bleeding was effectively controlled by AMCA (tranexamic acid, Cyclokapron®). Long‐term treatment with AMCA was accompanied by further reduction in size of the lymphangioma.
THE TRANSCAPILLARY ESCAPE RATE OF T‐1824 IN HEALTHY NEWBORN INFANTS The Influence of the Placental Transfusion
Authors: INGOMAR C. JOH. , KLEBE J. G. , BÆKGAARD P.
Published: January 2008

The transcapillary escape rate of T‐1824 was measured in 12 normal newborn infants and found to be significantly higher among infants with late clamping of the umbilical cord (25.0% per hour) than in early‐clamped infants (19.1% per hour). The magnitude of the placental transfusion was assessed from the volume of the residual placental blood and it was demonstrated that the transcapillary escape rate of T‐1824 increases parallel to the placental transfusion. The disappearance rate of the early‐clamped infants was almost the same as that previously found in early‐clamped infants of diabetic mothers.
STAPHYLOCOCCI AND INFECTION IN MATERNITY WARDS IV. Studies on A Partial Rooming‐in System
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ RUTGER , NYSTRÖM BERTIL , WRETLIND BENGT
Published: January 2008

Infections and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus were studied in 159 mothers and their newborns. The patients were observed when in hospital, and the mothers were given questionnaires to report symptoms of infection in themselves or their babies during the first weeks after discharge from the hospital. The infection rate measured in this way was high, 27% among the children and 16% among the mothers. Interviews with mothers and reports from child welfare centres that were attended by all children showed, however, that anxious and insecure mothers over‐reported infection symptoms. Such a re‐evaluation reduced the infection rates to 8% among the children and 7% among the mothers.

No differences were observed in infection rates and in staphylococcal colonization rates between a ward with a partisal rooming‐in system and a similar ward with conventional care. A less than total rooming‐in system thus does not seem to reduce the infection rate.
THE IMP DEHYDROGENASE CATALYSED REACTION IN ERYTHROCYTES OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH HYPOXANTHINE GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: LOMMEN E. J. P. , ABREU R. A. DE , TRIJBELS J. M. F. , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M.
Published: January 2008

This paper deals with a preliminary investigation concerning the possible mechanisms causing an aberrant purine nucleotide pattern in erythrocytes of hypoxanthine guanine phos phoribosyltransferase deficient individuals (Lesch‐Nyhan Syndrome). The AMP deaminase inhibitor 2,3 DPG has been found to be also a strong inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase obtained from normal erythrocytes. IMP dehydrogenase from HGPRT‐ase deficient erythrocytes, however, showed a complete hensitivity for this inhibition.
INFANTILE ANEURYSM OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS: Diagnosis, Incidence, Pathogenesis, and Prognosis
Authors: HEIKKINEN ERKKI S. , Ä SEPPO SIMIL , LAITINEN JUHANI , LARMI TEUVO
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Heikkinen, E. S., Similä, S., Laitinen, J. and Larmi, T. (Departments of Surgery, Paediatrics and Roentgenology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Infantile aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus. Acta Paediat Scand, 63:241, 1974.–A neoplastic‐like density on X‐ray is not a rare diagnostic problem in infancy. Nevertheless, knowledge about the infantile ductal aneurysm (IDA) producing a characteristic tumour‐like mediastinal shadow on plain chest film is very limited.

In 1972 the authors operated two newborns because of left‐sided tumour‐like mediastinal shadows produced by IDA. A very similar radiographic mass according to location, shape and opacity could he discerned retrospectively on the chest films of 10 other neonates in a material of 1 138 newborn babies, who had been radiographed mainly for respiratory troubles. Apparently the IDA is not so rare as considered in the literature.

The patients presented herein were found during their first day tb have inadequate ventilation, a low Apgar score and respiratory acidosis. Therefore postnatal hypoxaemia was considered the most probable primary factor in the pathogenesis of IDA.

A follow‐up examination at the age of 6–24 months showed that the typical tumour‐like mediastinal shadow had disappeared also in the non‐operated patients. A spontaneous, uncomplicated involution seems to he the most usual outcome of IDA. HOWever, according to the literature IDA is a potentially dangerous abnormality. It calls for meticulous observation since surgical intervention is indispensable if fatal complications seem imminent.
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF TRANSITIONAL AND MATURE HUMAN MILK
Authors: BARLTROP D. , HILLIER R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Barltrop, D. and Hillier, R. (Paediatric Unit, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, England). Calcium and phosphorus content of transitional and mature human milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 347, 1974.–The mineral content of breast milk is known to vary but the significance of this for the newborn is unknown. The calcium and phosphorus content of breast milk from 58 nursing mothers has been determined at intervals up to 6 weeks post partum. The plasma calcium and phosphorus content of 15 of the infants aged 6 days was also measured. The calcium and phosphorus content of transitional milk increased during the first 6 days of lactation without significant alteration in Ca/P ratio. No relationship between milk composition and infant plasma chemistry could be demonstrated at the 6th day. The data suggest that milk Ca/P ratios are of less significance for neonatal calcium homeostasis at low as opposed to high mineral loads.
DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC 3':5'‐ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE IN HYPOPITUITARISM AND SILVER‐RUSSELL SYNDROME
Authors: VANDERSCHUEREN‐LODEWEYCKX M. , BERGHE G. VAN DEN , PROESMANS W. , CORBEEL L. , EGGERMONT E. , EECKELS R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Vanderschueren‐Lodeweyckx, M., Van den Berghe, G., Proesmans, W., Corbeel, L., Eggermont, E. and Eeckels, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium). Dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'‐adenosine monophosphate in hypopituitarism and Silver‐Russel syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 364, 1974.–The effect of the infusion of dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'‐adenosine monophosphate (0.2 mg/kg/min during 1 hour) on plasma growth hormone and on glucose, immunoreactive insulin and cortisol was studied in 3 control children, in 2 Silver‐Russell patients and in 8 patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Upon the infusion of the cyclic nucleotide, plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin increased markedly. An increased level of plasma cortisol was also observed in all cases except in one hypopituitary patient with associated ACTH deficiency. In contrast to what has been reported in normal subjects and observed in the 3 normal children and the 2 Silver‐Russell patients, dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'‐adenosine monophosphate failed to increase the level of plasma growth hormone above 1 ng per ml in 7 out of the 8 hypopituitary patients. Exogenous dibutyryl c‐AMP may be considered as an alternative test for the study of growth hormone release.
THE CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF C‐REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) DETERMINATIONS IN BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AND SEPTICEMIA IN INFANCY
Authors: SABEL K.‐G. , HANSON L. Å.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sabel, K.‐G. and Hanson, L. Å. (Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden). The clinical usefulness of C‐reactive protein (CRP) determinations in bacterial meningitis and septicemia in infancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 381, 1974.–The possibility of using CRP for diagnosis and follow‐up of infants with bacterial meningitksepticemia was investigated. CRP was quantitated with the single radial immunodiffusion technique. In 37 infants 0–12 months old with purulent meningitis and/or septicemia, CRP was increased in 32. The same proportion of increased CRP was found in the neonatal cases as in the older infants. Peak values to <50 µg/ml were found in 2/3 of all cases, E. coli infections showing the most uniform pattern of high CRP values. The period of increased CRP was closely related to risk of recurrence of the infection. After CRP had returned to normal levels no recurrence occurred. In cases of neonatal E. coli infections CRP was found to be the best single parameter indicating persistence of infection, and in a group of H. influenzae idfection CRP was as good as cultures of cerebrospinal fluid, white blood cell count and protein in cerebrospinal fluid. The findings show that CRP is a useful parameter to show the presence of meningitis and/or septicemia in infancy including the neonatal period. CRP is an easy test which can be used to direct antibiotic treatment since it rapidly detects persistence of infection or recurrences.
AN ENZYME INDUCTOR COMBINATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: HINKEL G. K. , KINTZEL H.‐W. , SCHWARZE R. , HÄNDEL A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hinkel, G. K., Kintzel, H.‐W., Schwarze, R. and Hiindel, A. (Paediatric Hospital, Medical Academy “Carl Gustav Carus”, Department of Neonatology, Dresden, GDR). Enzyme inductor combination to prevent hyperbilirubinaemia in premature infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 393, 1974.–In the management of physiologic hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants, phenobarbital and nicethamide (diethylnicotinamide), as an enzyme inductor combination, are found to have a cumulative effect and, consequently, are clearly superior to the use of phenobarbital alone. Four different dosages were compared and the most favourable variant proved to be phenobarbital, 10 mg/kg body weight pro die from day 1 to day 3 (after birth), combined with nicethamide, 100 mg/kg per diem from day 1 to day 4. Exchange transfusion was no longer necessary in 400 premature infants who had received this type of prophylactic combination and thus the routine use of this inductor regimen can now be recommended.
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY OF KRABBE'S DISEASE I. Lipid Composition and Fatty Acid Patterns of Phosphoglycerides in Brain
Authors: VANIER MARIE THERESE , SVENNERHOLM LARS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Vanier, M.‐Th. and Svennerhohn, L. (Department of Neurochemistry, Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Chemical pathology of Krabbe's Disease. I. Lipid composition and fatty acid patterns of phosphoglycerides in brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 494, 1974.—Lipid biochemical determinations were performed on autopsy material from 18 cases of Krabbe's disease, aged 7–23 months, collected in Sweden between 1960 and 1972.

Cerebral white matter. The lipid concentration of the cerebral white matter was found substantially reduced. It was the same in 17 cases, independent of age at death, and rather similar to that of cerebral cortex. All major lipids were diminished, but the myelin lipids, cholesterol and particularly galactolipids (cerebrosides and sulfatides) were reduced more than the phospholipids. The ratio cerebroside/sulfatide was significantly increased, but this. was not a constant finding. The relative percentage of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was decreased and that of choline phosphoglycerides increased. The fatty acid composition of the phosphoglycerides shifted towards values found in the white matter of 2 to 4 month‐old infants. In addition, a characteristic significant increase of arachidonic acid occurred.

Cerebral cortex. Only minor changes were observed, but they were of the same type as some of the changes of the white matter: a decrease in the relative percentage of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and an increase of arachidonic acid.

The lipid changes in Krabbe's disease are suggested to be the result of the combined effect of a serious myelin deficiency, and the replacement of the normal brain cytoarchi‐tecture by proliferated astroglial cells, ephitheliod cells and globoid bodies.
THE PROGRESSIVE ANTITHROMBIN ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATIONS TO OTHER FACTORS OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS
Authors: WEISSBACH G. , DOMULA M. , LENK H. , SCHNEIDER P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Weissbach, G., Domula, M., Lenk, H. and Schneider, P. (Paediatric Clinic of the Medical Department, Karl‐Marx‐University, Leipzig, DDR). The progressive anti‐thrombin activity and its relations to other factors of the coagulation system in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 555, 1974.—The progressive antithrombin and its relations to other factors of the coagulation system have been studied in chronically asphyxiated newborns. The progressive antithrombin activity was determined in 44 healthy and in 40 chronically asphyxiated newborns according to the method described by Gerendas & Monkhouse. The activity was clearly depressed in the asphyxiated group as compared with healthy full‐term newborns. Only within the group of asphyxiated newborns did the statistical analysis reveal close correlations between progressive antithrombin and the factors fibrinogen, plasminogen, thromboplastin time value, factor II, and thrombocytes. Furthermore, most of these were also closely correlated among themselves. The partly very close relations can be explained only by a simultaneous consumption of these constituents by disseminated intravascular coagulation processes and secondary hyper‐fibrinolysis. The decrease in progressive antithrombin is due to an irreversible binding of the antithrombin III to thrombin, liberated within the vessels.
GENERALIZED FAMILIAL BRONCHOMALACIA
Authors: AGOSTI E. , FILIPPI G. De , FIOR R. , CHIUSSI F.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Agosti, E., De Filippi, G., Fior, R. and Chiussi, F. (Paediatric Clinic, University of Trieste, Departments of Radiology and Otorhinolaryngology, Istituto per I'Infanzia and Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale Civile Palmanova, Trieste, Italy). Generalized familial bronchomalacia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 616, 1974.—Generalized bronchomalacia was found in a 4‐month‐old infant with chronic respiratory distress since the first day of life. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy and radiography. The patient differs in several respects from other cases reported. The disorder seems to be familial. The clinical symptoms were unusually severe and no evidence of bronchiectasis could be demonstrated.
RESTING METABOLIC RATE IN MALNOURISHED BABIES IN RELATION TO TOTAL BODY POTASSIUM
Authors: BROOKE O. G. , COCKS THERESA , MARCH YVETTE
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Brooke, O. G., Cocks, Th. and March, Y. (Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Resting metabolic rate in malnourished babies in relation to total body potassium. Acta Paediatr Sand.63: 817, 1974.—Fasting metabolic rate was investigated in 53 malnourished children and 17 controls of similar age. Total body potassium (TBK) was also measured in 18 of the malnourished children and in all the controls, so that metabolic rates could be compared in relation to a measure of metabolically active tissue. In newly admitted malnourished children specific potassium depletion was corrected orally while they were given a maintenance diet. Resting metabolism correlated better with TBK than with weight, height or surface area in control and recovered children, but metabolic rate per unit TBK declined with increasing body‐weight (r=‐0.51). This negative correlation became insignificant if metabolic rate was expressed in terms of TBK“. In the malnourished children resting metabolic rate was reduced compared with control and recovered values, when expressed in terms of weight, height or surface area. The results were aeonfirmed by a comparison of metabolic rates per unit TBK % which showed a reduction of about 27% in the malnourished children. No significant difference was found between children with marasmus and those with oedematous malnutrition. During rapid growth fasting metabolism was increased. We conclude that oxygen consumption in metabolically active tissues is reduced in all forms of untreated infantile malnutrition.
ASYMMETRIC TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS
Authors: RYBAK M. , SOKLOWSKI J. , SZMIGIEL C. , KLECZKOWSKA A. , NOWICKI Z. , PILCH J.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Rybak, M., Sokolowski, J., Szmigiel, C., Kleczkowska, A., Nowicki, J. and Pilch, J. (Paediatric Institute and Institute of Anatomy and Histology, Medical Academy, Cracow, Poland). Asymmetric testicular dysgenesis. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 889, 1974.—An 8‐months‐old child with abnormal sexual development and male karyo‐type is described. On the basis of clinical, histological and cytogenetic investigations a diagnosis of asymmetric testicular dysgenesis has been established. The abnormalities in gonadal development are probably the result of inadequate and delayed action of inducing substance in early embryonic life. In accordance with the appearance of the external genitalia and the karyotype, male sex has been accepted. It seems reasonable to remove the female rudiments because of a high percentage of malignancy in these cases. Therapy with androgens will be necessary at the time of puberty.
CONGENITAL CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION OF THE LUNG: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: MICHALSEN HELGE
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Michalsen, H. (Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Narway). Congenital cystic adenomatdd malformation of the lung. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 793, 1974.—The clinical picture of the congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is reviewed. Two patients suffering from this entity are presented, the first patient was a newborn girl with acute respiratory distress shortly after birth, and the seeond patient was 12 months old and had a history of repeated pulmonary infections. The importance of, and difficulty in, differentiation between diaphragmatic hernia and the congenital cysts of this type in newborn infants is emphasized.
LSD INTOXICATION IN A TWO‐YEAR‐OLD CHILD
Authors: SAMUELSSON B. O.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Samuelsson, B. O. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). LSD intoxication in a two‐year‐old child. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 797, 1974.—Report on one case of LSD intoxication in a two‐year‐old child. The dose ingested was very high and the acute clinical picture of the patient seemed to be quite typical for a severe LSD intoxication. Despite the high dose, no long lasting or permanent sequelae seemed to have occurred.
A TWO‐CENTURY PERSPECTIVE OF SOME MAJOR NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: BOVAHLQUIST
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Vahlquist, B. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). A two‐century perspective of some major nutritional deficiency diseases in childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:161, 1975.–In this review, dealing with historical aspects and the present day situation in developing countries, three major nutritional deficiencies among children are discussed, namely rickets, iron deficiency anaemia and protein energy malnutrition (PEM).
STUDIES ON MATURITY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: FINNSTRÖM ORVAR , KARLSSON BÖRJE , ZETTERLUND BO
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Finnström, O., Karlsson, B. and Zetterlund, B. (Departments of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Linköping and Umeå, and the Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Lund, Sweden). Studies on maturity in newborn infants. VIII. Alpha‐foetoprotein and albumin. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:409, 1975.–Cord blood of 125 newborn infants of various gestational ages has been analysed for the amounts of α‐foetoprotein and albumin using an electroimmunoassay. The quotient α‐foetoprotein/birth weight was recorded as well. All the three measurements correlate fairly well with the gestational age of newborn infants. Measuring a‐foetoprotein is not of the same value, however, in estimating gestational age as is the simple scoring of external characteristics.
ANAL TONOMETRY IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD IN MATURE AND PREMATURE CHILDREN
Authors: VERDER H. , KRASILNIKOFF P. A. , SCHEIBEL ELMA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Verder, H., Krasilnikoff, P. A. and Scheibel, Elma (From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark). Anal tonometry in the neonatal period in mature and premature children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:592, 1975.–Anal tonometry was performed during the first days of life in twelve premature and fourteen mature children without signs of gastrointestinal disease. A new tonometer with small dimensions was used. A pressure decrease of the internal anal sphincter after distension of the rectum could be demonstrated in all children examined and as early as two hours after birth. This was to be expected as the relaxation of the internal sphincter is part of the normal defecation reflex. Thus anal tonometry can be used in the early diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease presumable already from the very first days of life.