bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDL promotes adiponectin gene expression via the CAMKK/CAMKIV pathway
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiro , Imachi Hitomi , Fukunaga Kensaku , Lyu Jingya , Sato Seisuke , Saheki Takanobu , Ibata Tomohiro , Matsumoto Mari , Japar Salimah B , Murao Koji
Published: November 2021

Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine that protects against diabetes and atherosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates reverse cholesterol transport, which also protects against atherosclerosis. In this process, the human homolog of the B class type I scavenger receptor (SR-BI/CLA-1) facilitates the cellular uptake of cholesterol from HDL. The level of circulating APN is positively correlated with the serum level of HDL-cholesterol. In this study, we investigated whether HDL stimulates the gene expression of APN through the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) cascade. APN expression was examined using real-time PCR and western blot analysis in 3T3-L1 cells incubated with HDL. CaMKIV activity was assessed by the detection of activation loop phosphorylation (at Thr196 residue), and the effect of the constitutively active form, CaMKIVc, on APN promoter activity was investigated. Our results showed that HDL stimulated APN gene expression via hSR-BI/CLA-1. Furthermore, we explored the signaling pathways by which HDL stimulated APN expression in 3T3-L1 cells. The stimulation of APN gene expression by HDL appears to be mediated by CaMKK, as STO-609, a specific inhibitor of CaMKK2, prevents this effect. We revealed that CaMKIVc increased APN gene transcriptional activity, and the CaMKIV-dominant negative mutant blocked the effect of HDL on APN promoter activity. Finally, knockdown of hSR-BI/CLA-1 also canceled the effect of HDL on APN gene expression. These results suggest that HDL has an important role to improve the function of adipocytes by activating hSR-BI/CLA-1, and CaMKK/CaMKIV pathway is conceivable as one of the signaling pathways of this activation mechanism.
Study of the kinetics of the release of lipophilic ingredients from capsules using synthetic and natural systems
Authors: Sharipova Altynai , Issayeva Asem , Aidarova Saule , Ospanova Zhanar , Bektursyn Akerke , Babayev Alpamys
Published: November 2021

In the work, the kinetics of the release of vitamin E and polyphyte oil from capsules was studied using synthetic and natural systems. The release of active ingredients was monitored on a Cary 50 Cons UV spectrophotometer equipped with CaryWinUV software. The kinetics of the release of vitamin E from capsules stabilized with sodium caseinate and then coated with chitosan shows a sustained prolonged release of 20% of vitamin E within 1 h, within 5 h about 45% is released, within 48 h about 80%. It was found that the efficiency of capsulation of vitamin E is higher than that of polyphyte oil, the release of vitamin E is more delayed and prolonged in comparison with polyphyte oil. The release of vitamin E from capsules stabilized with a synthetic system polymer-surfactant / vitamin E) chitosan) polystyrene sulfonate PSS was also investigated. It was determined that the release of vitamin E from capsules stabilized by a synthetic system (polymer-surfactant and coated with two layers of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte by the Layer-by-Layer method) is prolonged, within 1 h – 23% of vitamin E is released, 70% – within 12 h and 100% – within 80 h.
CURCUMIN-BASED MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOSYSTEMS
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kaniuk M. I.
Published: November 2021

The use of multifunctional nanosystems in medicine and research is of contemporary interest. Aim. The purpose of the work was to summarize publications on the prospects of creating and using nanocontainers based on curcumin (Cur). Cur fluorescence in nanoparticles (NP) makes it possible to investigate the distribution of fluorescent and non-fluorescent components, significantly accelerating the study and implementation of drugs in practice. Particular attention is paid to the use of hydrophobic substances in NP, to penetrate into a living cell. Understanding the interaction of NP with living cells is extremely important when these particles are used to transport and deliver water-insoluble drugs to cells. Cur is one of the drugs with various and very promising pharmaceutical effects, it is poorly soluble in aqueous media, and the use of nanocarriers is an effective way to significantly increase its bioavailability. Cur has its own fluorescence, which enables to use it in multifunctional fluorescent nanosystems, for example, with Pluronic® micelles. The use of the fluorescence method makes it possible to trace the stages of interaction of Cur-loaded NP with cultured cells and their localization in cell organelles. With this approach, nanoscale dynamics of drug distribution and stability is observed over time. Conclusions. The main conclusion is that for unstable in the aquatic environment drugs such as Cur, it is necessary to use the most hydrophobic nanostructures without traces of water, which include the nuclei of Pluronic® micelles. This method makes it possible to use other poorly water-soluble drugs. A promising area of nanomedicine is the creation of complex bio-compatible nanomaterials based on several active drugs that reduce the toxicity of preparations to normal cells.
DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CANCER CELL TRANSFOMATION AT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Buchatskyi L. P.
Published: November 2021

Aim. The purpose of the work was to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk. Aim. The purpose of the work was to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk. Results. Using normalized squared error (NSE) for viruses of high (20 strains) and low (153 strains) oncogenic risk, rank statistic of 2-exponential type was build. For productive papillomavirus infection, NSE function was determined as the growing accurate 2-exponent of a cell layer basal to the epithelial surface. Logarithm of NSE numerical values is proportional to the cell entropy that is connected with the availability of virus DNA. To calculate entropy, generalized Hartley formula was used with the informational cell of dimension d: H = NdLOG(NSE), where N is the generalized cell coordinate. Conclusions. Using a statistical ensemble of E6 proteins separately for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk made it possible to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells, which was proportional to the ratio of the area of entropy of cancer transformation to the area of the productive entropy region papillomavirus infection.
Additional radar signature for waterborne object recognition
Authors:   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gorobets’ V. , Golovko M. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zotov S. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovorotny L. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Subject and Purpose. The article is devoted to the radio recognition of moving waterborne objects (sea-going ships). The problem lies in the lack of radar signatures, which is especially true for coherent radar in continuous mode, implying that more signatures for the waterborne object recognition is highly needed. An additional signature can be gained just by means of a simple mathematical processing of target reflection signals. This is particularly important for radio recognition systems in current use because this will hardly complicate the system structure. Hence, it will not affect its cost either. Methods and Methodology. The method developed for the retrieval of an additional radar signature characteristic of waterborne objects moving across a rough sea surface is based on a simple mathematical processing of a signal reflected from the moving waterborne object and taken from the phase output of coherent radar. The method approbation is by the mathematical modeling of signals at the phase detector output in the event of three waterborne objects such that have identical scattering cross sections but different periods of the side and keel vibrations. Results. Based on the mathematical modeling results, it has been shown that each of the local scattering centers keeps the ratio of the linear speeds of side and keel vibrations approximately the same for the same object. But the employed ratio takes different values for different objects. Conclusion. Having a single standard coherent radar in continuous mode and guided by the developed methodology, one can gain an additional signature for the target recognition, which is a ratio of the linear speeds of side and keel vibrations of the target. The suggested methodology can be used for the radio recognition of waterborne objects moving across a rough sea surface.
Electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in antibacterial preparation development
Authors:   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovalenko O. , Kalinichenko S. ,   I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Babich E. ,   I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kivva, F. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Roenko O. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Antusheva T. ,   I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Subject and Purpose. The present paper is concerned with the use of wave technologies in the development of antibiotics-alternative approaches for pathogenic microflora suppression. Lactobacilli strains picked in different ecological niches and their activity against pathogenic strains are studied with a focus on a targeted modification of adhesive and antagonistic properties of lactobacilli by exposing them to low-intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields and the ultrasound. Methods and Methodology. Lactobacilli picked in different ecological niches are experimentally studied, including (1) standard strains from probiotic preparations and (2) circulating strains picked in humans and bees. For the ultrasonic and electromagnetic radiation sources, G3-109 and G3-F and G4-141 and G4-142 generators are taken, respectively. The adhesive properties of Lactobacillus spp. strains and their antagonistic activity are estimated against C. diphtheriae, S. aureus and yeast-like fungi of Candida genus in aerobic and microaerophilic culture conditions. Statistical technology is employed in the data processing and analysis. Results. It has been established that L. plantarum strains picked in the gut of healthy bees are most antagonistic towards pathogens. It has been demonstrated that the priority culture conditions for lactobacilli are microaerophilic conditions simulating their stay in vivo. It has been shown that it is possible to modify properties of microorganisms by their exposure to ultrasound and low-intensity electromagnetic fields in narrow bands of the EHF range. The effect efficiency versus frequency has a dispersion character. Individual features of various pathogenic strains have been recognized. Conclusion. The obtained results open up prospects for electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in the development of safe alternative means to antagonize persisting pathogens and increase human body resilience.
On the Lorentz-Invariance of the Dyson Series in Theories with Derivative Couplings
Authors: Denisi V. , Papa A. , Rossi M.
Published: November 2021

We study the Dyson series for the S-matrix, when the interaction depends on derivatives of the fields. We concentrate on two particular examples: the scalar electrodynamics and the renormalized ф4 theory. By using Wick’s theorem, we eventually give evidence that the Lorentz invariance is satisfied, and the usual Feynman rules can be applied to the interaction Lagrangian.
Care of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi in Newborns and Infants: Review and Management Recommendations
Authors: Jahnke Marla N. , O’Haver Judith , Gupta Deepti , Hawryluk Elena B. , Finelt Nika , Kruse Lacey , Jen Melinda , Horii Kimberly A. , Frieden Ilona J. , Price Harper , Coughlin Carrie C.
Published: November 2021

A pediatric dermatology expert working group performed a narrative review to describe care related to congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) in neonates and infants. There are no published guidelines for most aspects of care, including routine skin care and visit intervals. Few guidelines exist for surgical management; newer recommendations favor conservative practice. Emerging evidence contributes to recommendations for screening MRI to evaluate for neural melanosis and related central nervous system complications, however, more research is needed. Risk for melanoma is generally low, but those with large, giant, or multiple CMN have a higher risk. Multidisciplinary care, with a focus on family and patient preferences, is of paramount importance. Without standardized screening and management guidelines, questions abound regarding appropriate physical examination intervals, potential treatment including full or partial excision, timing and frequency of imaging, melanoma risk, and assessment for neural melanosis.

This review highlights the current state of knowledge concerning care of patients with CMN, reveals gaps in the literature surrounding skin care, and provides management recommendations. We additionally discuss cutaneous complications of CMN, such as pruritus, hypertrichosis, and wound healing. Resources and references for families and providers can help patients navigate this sometimes challenging diagnosis. Finally, we contribute expert care recommendations to the current body of literature as a foundation for the development of future, more comprehensive care guidelines.
Comparative study of some phenotypic characteristics between the Ispenc (Turkey) and Southwestern Bulgarian dzhinka chicken breeds
Authors: Pavlova I. , Özdemir D. , Lukanov H.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Ispenc and the Southwestern Bulgarian dzhinka are two small chicken breeds, originating respectively from two neighboring countries – Turkey and Bulgaria. They are characterized by uniformity in some major mutational exterior traits, such as beard and muffs, shank-feathering, vulture hocks, and rose comb. The aim of the study was to compare some of the main morphological and morphometric features of the Ispenc and Southwestern Bulgarian dzhinka breeds. The study was performed on 15 roosters and 25 hens of each breed. Ispenc had a significantly higher live body weight, respectively by 19.65% in roosters and by 17.11% in hens, compared to the Southwestern Bulgarian dzhinka (p<0.001). The birds of the Turkish breed are polydactyl, 5-toed, while the Bulgarian breed does not have this mutation. The length of the back, the wingspan and the length of the shank in Ispenc were significantly higher in both sexes, compared to the Southwestern Bulgarian dzhinka (p<0.01). The comb of the Bulgarian breed is more compact, with significantly lower values in terms of its width (p<0.001). In terms of the dimensions of the head and its formations, there are more statistically significant differences between hens of the two breeds than between roosters. The study leads to the conclusion that the seemingly close breeds involved in the study show a number of statistically significant phenotypic differences, which suggests differences in their genotype.
Application of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753) for anesthesia and transport of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Richardson, 1845) fingerlings
Authors: Krasteva V. , Yankova M. , Ivanova A.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The aim of the present research is to study the efficacy of rosemary oil as an anesthetic for bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Richardson, 1845) and as an anesthetic used for transport of fingerlings. The fish used in the experiment have an average body weight (BW, g) of 42.13±17.90 and an average total length (TL, cm) of 16.54±2.32. Five treatments are conducted with five experimental concentrations: 0.20 ml.l-1, 0.30 ml.l-1, 0.40 ml.l-1, 0.50 ml.l-1 and 0.60 ml.l-1. For each concentration 10 fish are used or a total of 50 fish. For the transport experiment, 3 concentrations are used: 0.06 ml.l-1, 0.08 ml.l-1 and 0.10 ml.l-1. The applied stocking density is 3 fish/l. A total of 60 fish are used for each concentration or a total of 180 fish. The established results, for the first experiment, show that at concentration of 0.60 ml.l-1 the induction of anesthesia is the fastest (3.46 min). From all tested concentrations the recovery time is the shortest at the lowest concentration – 2.16 min (p≤0.001). The concentration of 0.10 ml.l-1 of rosemary oil can be used for transport of bighead carp fingerlings for a period from 1 to 2 hours. The concentration of 0.08 ml.l-1 can be applied when the duration of the transport is from 1 to 3 hours.
Effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum) extract on productive traits, economic efficiency and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)
Authors: Stoev Ts. , Zhelyazkov G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary black pepper extract supplement on the survival rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), economic efficiency (ECR) and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout, cultivated in a recirculation system. One hundred and twenty rainbow trout were distributed in two experimental variants, with two replicates of 30 fish per each. The average initial live weight of fish from the control group (C) and experimental group (P.n) were 41.55±7.96 g and 41.23±8.38 g, respectively (p>0.05). Trouts were fed extruded feed with granule size of 2 mm. Through lubrication of feed granules with 5 ml sunflower oil per 100 g feed, rainbow trouts from group P.n were supplemented with 1% powdered black pepper extract, whereas control rainbow trouts (С) received feed lubricated with the same amount of sunflower oil. Fish were fed 3 times/daily with the diet, based on 3% of biomass. The trial period was 60 days. Survival rate in trouts from both experimental groups was 100%. At the end of the trial, average live weight of fish from group P.n was by 5.84% higher compared to that of control fish the average weight of which was 117.25±19.15 g, yet differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The average individual weight gain of control rainbow trouts was 75.70±11.53 g, which was inferior to that of P.n fish by 8.65% (p>0.05). Better FCR was demonstrated in trouts from the group supplemented with 1% black pepper extract – 0.98±0.02, which was by 10.20% less compared to control fish (p<0.01). The addition of 1% black pepper extract to the feed of rainbow trouts tended to result a trend in better growth performance parameters in this species. ECR of group P.n was by 3.98% better than that of the control fish, which showed an ESR value of 1.51. Blood biochemical parameters of fish from both groups were not consistently different.
PREFERABLE TYPE OF ABSTRACT IN LEADING SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
Authors: Doncheva L.
Published: November 2021

An abstract is perhaps the most important single paragraph in a manuscript since it is used for reference purposes in different scientific databases. There are three major scientific writing styles (APA Style, Chicago Style, Harvard Style) providing different guidelines for creating an abstract. Purpose: The aim of this research was to find out whether there was some dependence between the category of the journals, the country of origin, and the coverage (number of years of publication) and the type of abstracts submitted. Methods: We carried out our investigation through synthesis of data retrieved from scimagojr.com and made an analysis based on the top world-famous 50 sports journals with the highest impact factor for 2018. Results: There were no statistically significant differences and correlations between the researched parameters (type of abstract and the category of journals: χ2=1.94; α=0.47; C=0.17; type of abstract and the country of origin: χ2=3.16; α=0.53; C=0.24; type of abstract and coverage: χ2=1.81; α=0.61; C=0.19). Conclusions: We can assume that there are no obvious criteria for adopting a particular scientific writing style and each journal has their own traditions and favored approach. However, certain differences were outlined.
OPTIMIZING THE CONTROL OF TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREHAND STROKE AMONG 12-YEAR OLD TENNIS PLAYERS USING MARTIN'S SIGMA METHOD
Authors: Chalakov M.
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study is the optimization of the control over performing the forehand technique by 12-year old players using Martin's sigma method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To achieve the goals of the study, we used video recording and analysis of the results of three tests applied in order to obtain information regarding the level of mastering the technique and the efficiency of the training process with 12-year old tennis players. The descriptive statistics and Martin's sigma method were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The obtained quantitative assessments allow comparing the achievements of players in each of the performed tests. CONCLUSIONS: This assessment model for forehand performance provides reliable quantitative feedback for managing and optimizing the training process in tennis with young players.
Thin-layer studies on surface functionalization of polyetherimide: Hydrolysis versus amidation
Authors: Machatschek Rainhard , Heuchel Matthias , Lendlein Andreas
Published: November 2021

Among the high-performance and engineering polymers, polyimides and the closely related polyetherimide (PEI) stand out by their capability to react with nucleophiles under relatively mild conditions. By targeting the phthalimide groups in the chain backbone, post-functionalization offers a pathway to adjust surface properties such as hydrophilicity, solvent resistance, and porosity. Here, we use ultrathin PEI films on a Langmuir trough as a model system to investigate the surface functionalization with ethylene diamine and tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin as multivalent nucleophiles. By means of AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and interfacial rheology, we show that hydrolysis enhances the chemical and mechanical stability of ultrathin films and allows for the formation of EDC/NHS-activated esters. Direct amidation of PEI was achieved in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, resulting in free amine groups rather than cross-linking. When comparing amidation with hydrolysis, we find a greater influence of the latter on material properties.

Graphic abstract
Micropropagation of Three Endemic Begonias Using Various Hormones Concentration and Culture Media Application
Authors: Ismaini Lily , Lailaty Intani Quarta , Efendi Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Three species of Begonias endemic to Java and Sumatra, namely Begonia leuserensis, Begonia atricha and Begonia scottii, were conserved in Cibodas Botanic Gardens as sources of germplasm for ornamental plant and/or medicines. However, the information on efficient hormones concentration and their culture media application through an in vitro propagation effort is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the growth response of three species of Begonias using various hormones concentrations and culture media through in vitro propagation. The culture media using Murashige & Skoog (MS) media that combinedwith 6-Benzyladenine (BA) dan Thidiazuron (TDZ) hormones in different concentrations i.e. 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L. Observation parameter included shoot number, plantlets height, and leaves number. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the F test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that three species of Begonias were observed to have different growth responses in the combination of MS+BA and MS+TDZ media. The combination of MS+TDZ media produces more shoots number, while the combination of MS+BA media influenced higher in leaves number. A concentration of 0.5 mg/L of hormone showed a good regeneration, therefore were recommended for in vitro propagation of Begonia species.
East Slavic Parallels and Singularities in the Trilingual Axiological Dictionary of Proverbs
Authors:   St. Petersburg University, Mokienko Valery , Nikitina Tatiana ,   Pskov State University
Published: November 2021

The article presents an innovative concept of a comparative dictionary that allows to reflect the objective analysis of the similar and different aspects in axiologically oriented paremiological systems of the East Slavic languages. Comprehensive collected dictionaries that include tens of thousands of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian proverbs, found in handwritten and printed collections of the last four centuries, have been used for this research. The expediency of including not only paroemias denotatively correlated with basic universal values, but also other proverbs associated with the category of evaluation in the object of the dictionary linguo-axiological description is justified. Based on the material of one of these axiological dyads – fast / slow – the features of structuring the thematic headings of the axiological comparative dictionary of East Slavic proverbs are shown. The system of parameterization of the material based on the results of its structural-semantic, historical-etymological and comparative linguo-axiological analysis is viewed through the example of macro-entries. Based on the material of the considered paroemias, it was found out that the national distinguishing characteristic of East Slavic paroemias consists not in their axiological content but in the form of its expression. The prospects of using the proposed model of the dictionary description of paroemias and phraseological units in the practice of axiological lexicography are emphasized.
From 3 to 5: Pragmatic Functions of Child Code-Switching
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Chirsheva Galina , Korovushkin Petr ,   LLC "Tsitadel"
Published: November 2021

The paper focuses on the pragmatic peculiarities of Russian-English code-switching in the speech of the children who simultaneously acquire Russian and English according to "one person – one language" strategy within a Russian family in Russia. The research data are pragmatically marked utterances of the two boys made when each of them was at the age of three to five. Their bilingualism developed as a monoethnic one since they acquire one of the languages (Russian) from a native Russian speaker and the other (English) from a non-native speaker who belongs to Russian ethnos and culture. The authors argue that pragmatic functions of code-switching reflect the children's attitude to each language and bilingual communication. Child bilingual pragmemes are studied longitudinally, which helps the researchers to reveal the dynamics of code-switching intentions within three years of children's bilingual communication. The results of the study demonstrate the prevalence of addressee-oriented and inducing pragmatic functions of code-switches during the whole period under study. The explanation for this fact lies in the specific strategy of bilingual development and the understanding of the importance of each language in children's bilingual communication. By the age of five, the children gradually develop their bilingual self-reflection, which results in more frequent metalinguistic pragmemes in their mixed utterances.
Dynamics of Values in American Election Discourse
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Kononova Inna , Melnichuk Tatiana ,   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a corpus-based analysis of axiological characteristics of political discourse. Applying the method of identifying keywords in a corpus the authors described the dynamics of the American election discourse dominant values in the period from 1952 to 2016. The research material comprised the texts of American presidential election commercials from seventeen campaigns. The texts were compiled into three corpora according to three historical periods: period I – 1952–1972; period II – 1976–2000; period III – 2004–2016. It was found that the invariant values represented in the texts of election commercials of all the historical periods are: "prosperity", "patriotism", "progress", "social justice" and "security". The listed values receive a variable linguistic expression in the texts of each period. It is shown that the evolution of the value component in the presidential campaign discourse manifests itself in the change of actors within the opposition "us – them", in variation of their linguistic representations, in modification of value dominants of discourse and in transformation of language means conveying evaluative meaning. The main set of value orientations of the discourse remains relatively constant, the changes are revealed in the model of conceptualization of the values and their influencing potential in the election communication.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem in Preterm Infants
Authors: Bondareva Irina B. , Zyryanov Sergey K. , Kazanova Aleksandra M.
Published: November 2021

Background. Meropenem, a broad spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, is often used for newborns despite of limited data available on neonatal pharmacokinetics. Due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences as well as to significant changes in the human body related to growth and maturation of organs and systems, direct scaling and dosing extrapolation from adults or older children with adjustment on patients weight can result in increased risk of toxicity or treatment failures. Aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of meropenem in premature neonates based on therapeutic drug monitoring data in real clinical settings. Materials. Of 53 pre-term neonates included in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, in 39 (73.6%) patients, gestational age ranged from 23 to 30 weeks. Population and individual pharmacokinetic parameter values were estimated by the NPAG program from the Pmetrics package based on peak-trough therapeutic drug monitoring. Samples were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. One-compartment pharmacokinetic model with zero-order input and first-order elimination was used to fit concentration data and to predict pharmacokinetic parameter (%T MIC of free drug) for virtual patients with simulated fast, moderate and slow meropenem elimination received different dosage by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) level. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of patients covariates (gestational age, postnatal age, postconceptual age, body weight, creatinine clearance calculated by Schwartz formula, etc) on estimated meropenem pharmacokinetic parameters. Results. The identified population pharmacokinetic parameters of meropenem in pre-term newborns (elimination half-lives T1/2 = 1.93 0.341 h; clearance CL = 0.26 0.085 L/h/ kg; volume of distribution V = 0.71 0.22 L/h) were in good agreement with those published in the literature for adults, neonates and older children. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling demonstrated that a meropenem dosage regimen of 90 mg/kg/day administered using prolonged 3-hour infusion every 8 hours should be considered as potentially effective therapy if nosocomial infections with resistant organisms (MIC 8 mg/L) are treated. Conclusions. Neonates and especially pre-term neonates have a great pharmacokinetic variability. Meropenem dosing in premature newborns derived from population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model can partly overcome the variability, but not all pharmacokinetic variability can be explained by covariates in a model. Further personalizing based on Bayesian forecasting approach and a patients therapeutic drug monitoring data can help to achieve desired pharmacodynamic target.
Placental Microbiome: a Paradigm Shift or Flaw in the Methodology?
Authors: Shipitsyna Elena V.
Published: November 2021

Rapid development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods, together with a substantial reduction of their cost, have provided tremendous opportunities for studying the human microbiome. In recent years, much attention has been paid to studies of the microbiome of the upper reproductive tract of woman and the fetoplacental system, which have traditionally been considered sterile. Obtaining irrefutable evidence of the existence of the placental microbiome would enable us to believe with a high degree of certainty that microorganisms colonize the fetus already in the womb, which would have far-reaching consequences not only for medicine, but also for basic biology. This issue triggered a heated discussion among microbiologists, molecular biologists, obstetricians, and neonatologists. In the past few years, a number of studies have been published, both refuting and confirming the dogma, accepted for many decades, that the placenta and fetus are sterile during a healthy pregnancy. This literature review is a critical analysis of the results of studies into the placental microbiome. It provides arguments both for supporters of the hypothesis of the resident microbiota of the placenta and their opponents. Particular attention is paid to the methodological requirements for molecular studies of biological material with low microbial biomass, compliance with which is crucial for obtaining reliable results.
2020 ESC Guidelines for themanagement of adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Baumgartner H. , De Backer J , Babu-Narayan S. V. , Budts W. , Chessa M. , Diller G.-P. , Iung B. , Kluin J. , Lang I. M. , Meijboom F. , Moons P. , Mulder B. J.M. , Oechslin E. , Schwerzmann M. , Sondergaard L. , Zeppenfeld K.
Published: November 2021

2020 ESC Guidelines for themanagement of adult congenital heart disease
Narratives of the future: immersive stories / indigenous roots
Authors: Swift Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

The way we tell stories shapes what we are: it articulates the way we position ourselves in relation to the world. This article explores how immersive practices, as used in virtual reality and intermedial performance, provoke novel dynamics between artist and audience that no longer fit within Western traditions of aesthetic exchange and furthermore challenge our understanding of narrative production and reception. It proposes that new ways of reasoning are needed to allow audience agency and the evolving role of the artist to be explored more fully than is currently possible in mainstream theatre scholarship. One source that can provide a model for considering the dynamics between audience and performer in immersive performance is the Indigenous story systems of Australia. There is a significant synergy between the structure and operation of First Nation songlines and contemporary immersive performance. This is explored with reference to the work of contemporary anthropologists and Indigenous scholars and to recent immersive work from the companies Kaleider and Theatre Conspiracy. The article considers how both ancient narratives and contemporary immersive practices require people to engage with data/ physical space in a specific manner in order for stories to be realised. Furthermore, both bestow creative responsibility and the role of custodian on the user, through whose actions narrative is manifested. Immersive performance challenges assumptions about how information is generated, processed, and passed on, and the power structures involved in such exchanges. This research explores how non-traditional narrative practices can assist the debate about the future of storytelling.
An experimental reassessment of complex NP islands with NP-scrambling in Japanese
Authors: Fukuda Shin , Tanaka Nozomi , Ono Hajime , Sprouse Jon
Published: November 2021

There is little consensus in the Japanese syntax literature on the question of whether complex NPs with a noun complement headed by toyuu ‘that.say’ are islands for NP-scrambling dependencies. To explore this question, we conducted two acceptability judgment experiments using the factorial definition of islands to test the status of noun complements, relative clauses (which are also complex NPs, and uniformly considered islands in the literature), and coordinated NP structures (which are also uniformly considered islands in the literature). Our first experiment yielded strong evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands (as expected), and strong evidence that noun complements are not. Our second experiment also found strong evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands, but yielded a small, non-significant, trend toward an effect with noun complements. Based on the sizes of our samples (89 and 90 participants, respectively), the sizes of the effects, and the details of the acceptability patterns, we conclude that noun complements in Japanese are not islands with respect to NP-scrambling. We also investigated between- and within-participant variability in our results. We observe no evidence of increased between-participant variability for noun complements relative to other islands, and no increase of within-participant variability for noun complements relative to scrambling out of (non-island) declarative CPs. Our results have consequences for a number of issues that have been encoded in current syntactic theories of island effects, including the correlation between syntactic constituent complexity and island status (e.g., number of bounding nodes or phase heads), and the correlation between complementizer deletion and island status (e.g., the complement/adjunct distinction).
Politik ve Jeopolitik Riskler Hisse Senedi Piyasalarını Nasıl Etkiler: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar
Authors: DOĞAN Emrah , AFŞAR Aslı
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde politik risk ve jeopolitik risklerin hisse senedi piyasaları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 2005-2018 yılları arasındaki verileri içeren panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Ekonometrik yöntem olarak Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) yöntemi ve Parks-Kmenta Tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, politik risk ve jeopolitik risk ile hisse senedi piyasaları arasında negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın bulguları, yükselen piyasalar ekonomilerine yönelik yüksek risk algılarının hem yerli hem de yabancı yatırımcıların hisse senedi piyasalarına yapacakları yatırımları sınırlandırdığını ifade etmektedir.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE “LIGHT WORK” PROVISION OF CONVENTION NO. 138
Authors: Rufaro Audrey Mavunga
Published: November 2021

The Minimum Age Convention no. 138 of 1973 in Article 7 provides that children between the ages of 13 and 15 years may be permitted to undertake a permissible form of child work, namely: light work. Such work should not prejudice the education, health or the general wellbeing of the child. Article 7 does not, however, define or clarify what actually qualifies as light work. The light work provision also seems incompatible with the realities of many developing countries and the values prioritized in different cultures as it seems to place an unnecessarily strict prohibition of work by children below the age of 13 years. Although there seems to be confusion regarding this concept the light work provision is best understood in its historical context. The light work provision first appeared in the Minimum Age (Agricultural) Convention no. 10 of 1921 and was further developed in the Minimum Age (Industry) Convention no. 33 of 1932. Convention no. 138 thereafter revised such conventions with a less detailed description of the concept causing confusion and uncertainty about permissible forms of child work.
DUTY FREE NOT VAT FREE Master Currency v CSARS (155/2012) [2013] ZASCA 17 (20 March 2013)
Authors: Carika Keulder  , Thabo Legwaila
Published: November 2021

In Master Currency v CSARS ((155/2012) [2013] ZASCA 17 (20 March 2013)) the court had to address the question of whether services supplied by Master Currency were subject to a zero rating. This case is of particular interest as it addresses the VAT implications of services supplied in a duty-free area of an airport. Hence, it was questioned whether a service rendered in a duty-free area will be subject to VAT.A duty-free area or zone is an area or zone within which goods and services may be supplied without being subject to customs duties. The IBFD International Tax Glossary defines “Duty-free zone” as follows: “[z]one usually next to an international port or airport where imported goods may be unloaded, stored and reshipped without payment of customs duties or other type of indirect tax, provided the goods are not imported” (140). The importance of this definition is that it specifically refers to “other type[s] of indirect taxes” also not being leviable in the duty-free area. It is important to note that the Customs and Excise Act (91 of 1964) does not define “duty free” or “duty-free area”.The South African value-added tax (hereinafter “VAT”) is a tax on the consumption of goods and services in the Republic of South Africa. Accordingly, the Value-added Tax Act 89 of 1991 (hereinafter “the Act”) and, accordingly, references to sections in this note are to sections of the Act, unless otherwise expressly stated, provides for three instances where goods and services will be considered to be consumed in South Africa and thus be subject to VAT. The first instance will be when a vendor supplies goods or services in the course or furtherance of an enterprise in South Africa. The second instance is when goods are imported into South Africa by any person, and lastly when imported services are supplied to any person in South Africa.

The supply of domestic goods and services is taxable in terms of section 7(1)(a) of the Act. Imported goods and services are subject to VAT firstly because they are destined for consumption in South Africa. Moreover, it is essential for these goods and services to attract VAT consequences, otherwise imported goods and services would enjoy a competitive price advantage over equivalent local goods and services as the latter would be subject to VAT in terms of section 7(1)(a). Thus the taxation of imported goods and services creates an equal competitive footing with the domestic goods and services. Bearing in mind that VAT is a tax on consumption it follows that exportation of goods and services from South Africa are subject to tax at a zero-rate as the consumption will not take place in South Africa. As a general matter, the supply of these goods is taxable in the country where they are destined to be consumed. The zero-rating ensures that no double taxation ensues in that an exporter will not be taxed in South Africa and again in the export country (“export country” refers to any place that is outside South Africa).
Distillation of total reduced inorganic sulfur from marine sediments v1
Authors: D Larkin Patrick
Published: November 2021

This procedure can be used to precipitate H2S as Ag2S from the Total Reduced Inorganic Sulfur (TRIS) fraction of marine sediments.
Preparation of a reduced Cr2+ solution for sulfide distillation using a Jones Reductor v1
Authors: Rubiano-Rincon Sebastian
Published: November 2021

This protocol uses a Jones Reductor to prepare reduced Cr2+ for the distillation of H2S from marine sediments. It is an adaptation of a protocol described by Backlund et al (DOI:https://doi.org/10.2137/1459606054224147)
HCR of raphe serotonergic neurons in fixed tissue sections v1
Authors: Buckley Alex
Published: November 2021

This is an RNA fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) protocol that utilizes hybridization chain reaction technology from Molecular Instruments. The protocol fluorescently labels different mRNAs (up to 4 different mRNAs) such that they become suitable for imaging. This protocol is designed specifically for fixed mouse brain tissue sections that contain raphe serotonergic neurons, but can be applied to other regions of the mouse brain as well.
ddPCR titration of AAV vectors v3
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: November 2021

This protocol describes ddPCR titration of AAV vectors. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit https://www.addgene.org/protocols/aav-ddpcr-titration/. Sample Data: When analyzing data there should be a clear distinction between negative droplets (black) and positive droplets (blue). The no template control (NTC) should be close to zero (B08). At Addgene, runs with an NTC >5 are invalid. To reduce NTC values, we recommend wiping down all pipettes and equipment with 10% bleach prior to use and keeping all reagents and samples on ice or pre-chilled 96-well freezer blocks during use. In this protocol, a dilution series is prepared for each AAV sample and the 3 final dilutions are assayed. The samples that are assayed are diluted 2-fold serially therefore, the concentration obtained by ddPCR should decrease by a factor of 2 across the dilutions. In the example below, 2-fold serial dilutions of a sample were loaded in wells A04, A05 and A06. As shown in the image and table below, the concentration of positive droplets decreases by a factor of ~2. To increase the accuracy of the titer, calculate an average of several dilutions. For additional tips on AAV titering using ddPCR, read our blog post.
RT–PCR protocol for the detection ORF1 11288–11296 deletion (NSP6 106-108del) in SARS-CoV-2 genome v1
Authors: Yolshin Nikita , Fadeev Artem , Komissarov Andrey
Published: November 2021

ORF1 deletion is observed in some new SARS-CoV-2 lineages and is lineage defining for B.1.1.7 and P.1. Biological effect of this mutation is still unknown. Developed RT-PCR was tested on numerous samples of lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 (validated by sequencing) and samples without this mutation with no false-postive results.
Single cell digestion of tumor tissue v1
Authors: Agarwal Shubhangi , not provided donna.peehl , Sriram Renuka
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to provide details on how to obtain a single-cell suspension from a patient-derived xenograft tumor.
Cyanobacteria Encapsulation in Sepiolite-Alginate Beads v1
Authors: Fernández Méndez Jorge , not provided celiamm
Published: November 2021

Cyanobacteria can be encapsulated in biohybrid materials, with components such as biopolymers and clays, as in this case. With alginate (biopolymer) and sepiolite (clay that provides better biocompatibility), spheres of about 0.2 mm in diameter are created by using calcium chloride to form a structure in which the cells can be embedded. This material, despite being transparent and resistant, encounters problems in guaranteeing the correct diffusion of the materials and sufficient photosynthetic activity. The beads are easily synthesised with mixtures of alginate and sepiolite, and by forming the spheres with CaCl2, following a two steps syntesis.