bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grade prediction of lesions in cerebral white matter using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Takemura Noriaki , Shinkawa Yuya , Ishii Kazuo
Published: November 2024

We established a diagnostic method for cerebral white matter lesions using MRI images and examined the relationship between the MRI images and the medical checkup data. There were approximately 25 MRI images for each patient’s head, from the top of the head to near the eyes. To order these images, we defined the unit of axial for convenience. We varied conditions, such as the location and extent of the images to be loaded, into a convolutional neural network model and verified the changes in discrimination performance on the test data. Co-occurrence network diagrams were also used to determine the relationship between the grade of cerebral white matter lesions and the biochemical test items, which were treated as categorical variables, the progression of cerebral white matter lesions, and patient health status. The convolutional neural network showed the highest discrimination performance when the images were loaded into the model with 80 pixels per side, axial from 9 to 15, along with FLAIR and T1-weighted images. The area under the curve for each grade was 0.9814 for grade 0, 0.9800 for grade 1, 0.9905 for grade 2, 0.9977 for grade 3, and 0.9998 for grade 4. In the co-occurrence network diagram, patients with no or mild cerebral white matter lesions, such as grade 0 and grade 1, had near normal blood pressure, whereas grade 2 patients were closer to (isolated) systolic hypertension. This indicates that patients with higher-grade cerebral white matter lesions tend to experience more severe hypertension.
Real-world use of multiplex point-of-care molecular testing or laboratory-based molecular testing for influenza-like illness in a 2021 to 2022 US outpatient sample
Authors: Stockl Karen M. , Tucker Jamie , Beaubrun Anne , Certa Julia M. , Becker Laura , Chase Jordan G.
Published: November 2024

While molecular testing is recommended for symptomatic patients suspected of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited data are available examining real-world use of tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 testing on patient outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study using de-identified administrative claims data in the Optum Labs Data Warehouse, we identified 2 groups of patients with ≥1 outpatient claims with a procedure code for SARS-CoV-2 testing between January 2021 and September 2022. Group 1 had ≥1 claims with CPT code 0240U or 0241U (“Xpert Xpress”) (N = 51,602); Group 2 had ≥1 claims for laboratory-based molecular testing (N = 317,192). Outcomes assessed on the identification date and through the 90-day follow-up included claims evidence of use of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) tests, diagnosis of active COVID-19, influenza, or RSV, and use of treatments (antivirals for COVID-19, influenza, and RSV and other treatments for COVID-19 and RSV). Patients in Group 1 had fewer tests for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or RSV (mean ± standard deviation 1.6±1.4 versus 2.6±2.6, standardized difference -0.45), faster time to diagnosis of COVID-19 (median 0 versus 4 days, standardized difference -0.27) or influenza (median 0 versus 5 days, standardized difference -0.74), and faster time to treatment of COVID-19, influenza, or RSV (median 1 versus 5 days, standardized difference 0.16) than patients in Group 2. In this nationwide real-world study of outpatient testing, use of point-of-care molecular multiplex SARS-CoV-2 testing resulted in fewer claims for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV tests, faster time to diagnosis, and faster time to treatment than laboratory-based molecular testing.
The Plasmodium transmission-blocking symbiont, Microsporidia MB, is vertically transmitted through Anopheles arabiensis germline stem cells
Authors: Onchuru Thomas Ogao , Makhulu Edward Edmond , Ronnie Purity Cassandra , Mandere Stancy , Otieno Fidel Gabriel , Gichuhi Joseph , Herren Jeremy Keith
Published: November 2024

Microsporidia MB is a promising candidate for developing a symbiont-based strategy for malaria control because it disrupts the capacity of An. arabiensis to transmit the Plasmodium parasite. The symbiont is predominantly localized in the reproductive organs and is transmitted vertically from mother to offspring and horizontally (sexually) during mating. Due to the contribution of both transmission routes, Microsporidia MB has the potential to spread through target vector populations and become established at high prevalence. Stable and efficient vertical transmission of Microsporidia MB is important for its sustainable use for malaria control, however, the vertical transmission efficiency of Microsporidia MB can vary. In this study, we investigate the mechanistic basis of Microsporidia MB vertical transmission in An. arabiensis. We show that vertical transmission occurs through the acquisition of Microsporidia MB by Anopheles cystocyte progenitors following the division of germline stem cells. We also show that Microsporidia MB replicates to increase infection intensity in the oocyte of developing eggs when mosquitoes take a blood meal suggesting that symbiont proliferation in the ovary is coordinated with egg development. The rate of Microsporidia MB transmission to developing eggs is on average higher than the recorded (mother to adult offspring) vertical transmission rate. This likely indicates that a significant proportion of An. arabiensis offspring lose their Microsporidia MB symbionts during development. The stability of germline stem cell infections, coordination of symbiont proliferation, and very high rate of transmission from germline stem cells to developing eggs indicate that Microsporidia MB has a highly specialized vertical transmission strategy in An. arabiensis, which may explain host specificity.
A model of lymphocryptovirus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in immunosuppressed Mauritian cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Wu Helen L. , Weber Whitney C. , Waytashek Courtney M. , Boyle Carla D. , Reed Jason S. , Bateman Katherine B. , Fisher Hannah K. , Chen Yan , Armantrout Kimberly , Swanson Tonya , Shriver-Munsch Christine , Northrup Mina , Fischer Miranda , Biswas Sreya , Templon John , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Johnson Amanda L. , Colgin Lois , Lewis Anne D. , Smedley Jeremy V. , Axthelm Michael K. , Skalsky Rebecca , Meyers Gabrielle , Maziarz Richard T. , Mittra Erik , Berg Melissa , Stanton Jeffrey J. , Sacha Jonah B.
Published: November 2024

Immunocompromised individuals are at risk for developing lymphocryptovirus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases, such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell lymphomas and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We previously reported development of cynomolgus lymphocryptovirus (CyLCV)-associated PTLD in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which mirrored EBV-PTLD in transplant patients. Here, we sought to develop a MCM model of lymphocryptovirus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed MCMs without HSCT. Five simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected, CD8α+ cell-depleted MCMs received an infusion of autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells transformed with CyLCV, followed by varying degrees of immunosuppression. Four of five infused macaques developed masses coincident with increasing CyLCV plasma viremia, and necropsies confirmed the presence of multicentric lymphomas, which most commonly manifested in lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Affected tissues harbored neoplastic lymphocytes double-positive for CD20 and CyLCV EBNA2 antigen, large frequencies of proliferating B cells, and high levels of cell-associated CyLCV DNA. In addition, longitudinal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) of one MCM successfully detected lymphoproliferative disease in the adrenal glands prior to clinical signs of disease. These data demonstrate successful induction of lymphocryptovirus-associated PTLD-like disease in 4 of 5 MCMs, and thus support the use of MCMs as a preclinical NHP model of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease that could be employed to test novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Bactérias láticas como probióticas, bioconservantes de alimentos e produtoras de bacteriocinas: uma revisão
Authors: Cancella Marissa Justi , Santos Taline Amorim , Miguel Elisângela Michele , Moreira Gisela De Magalhães Machado , Sobral Denise , Almeida Felipe Alves de
Published: November 2024

A fermentação lática tem importância desde os primórdios da humanidade na conservação de alimentos, em decorrência da fermentação natural por bactérias láticas (BAL) autóctones que fazem parte da microbiota natural do alimento. As BAL podem, também, ser intencionalmente adicionadas com intuito de conferir características sensoriais aos alimentos, tais como aroma, sabor e textura, além de características funcionais, com características probióticas, capacidade de reduzir o pH e inibir a multiplicação de microrganismos indesejáveis. As BAL são capazes de produzir vários compostos, tais como ácido lático, ácido acético, diacetil, peróxido de hidrogênio, enzimas e bacteriocinas que desempenham várias atividades, dentre elas, a de bioconservação que é desejável aos alimentos, uma vez que substitui a adição de substância conservadoras e aditivos aos produtos. Estas características das BAL vão de encontro à demanda do mercado consumidor por alimentos com alegações funcionais, mais naturais e com adição de uma quantidade menor de ingredientes. Diante do exposto, esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo mostrar as aplicações de BAL como probióticas, produtoras de bacteriocinas e bioconservantes de alimentos, bem como apontar os desafios para estudos futuros. Em alimentos, algumas estirpes de BAL são reconhecidas e autorizadas pelos órgãos oficiais competentes como probióticas e podem ser adicionadas aos alimentos. Dentre as bacteriocinas produzidas por BAL, a nisina é autorizada e comercializada em diversos países e destaca-se por sua ação contra microrganismos patogênicos. Muitos estudos avaliam a ação probiótica de várias estirpes de BAL isoladas de alimentos e mostram seu potencial probiótico, bem como a produção de bacteriocinas e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro contra patógenos e deterioradores. Entretanto, ainda são necessárias pesquisas para identificar novas BAL e seus metabólitos, bem como avaliar sua segurança e resistência às condições do trato gastrointestinal, identificar os mecanismos da ação, avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas e determinar os protocolos para a sua aplicação na indústria de alimentos.
Utilização de espectroscopia do infravermelho para avaliação da maturação dos queijos Minas Padrão e Prato adicionados de bactérias probióticas
Authors: Pacheco Elaine Bernardo , Rodrigues Camila Horta Gaudereto , Calsavara Juscinele Francisca Vieira , Anjos Virgílio De Carvalho dos , Bell Maria José Valenzuela , Leite Júnior Bruno Ricardo de Castro , Martins Aurélia Dornelas de Oliveira , Martins Maurilio Lopes
Published: November 2024

Dentre os queijos mais consumidos no Brasil, estão Minas Padrão e Prato. Objetivou-se discriminar esses queijos adicionados de bactérias probióticas dos queijos controle por Espectroscopia do Infravermelho ao longo da maturação. As culturas probióticas (Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, Lacticaseibacillus casei L26 e Bifidobacterium lactis B94) foram adicionadas, individualmente, em quantidades de 108 células/mL de leite pasteurizado e os queijos foram elaborados. Também, foram produzidos queijos controle, contendo somente a cultura starter. A obtenção dos dados por Espectroscopia do Infravermelho Médio com Transformada de Fourier e Refletância Total Atenuada (FT-MIR-ATR) e por Infravermelho Próximo com Transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) ocorreu nos tempos 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias nos queijos Minas Padrão e aos 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias nos queijos Prato, sendo ambos armazenados entre 7 °C e 10 °C. Posteriormente, foi realizado o processamento dos dados e Análise de Componentes Principais. A técnica FT-MIR separou as amostras controle, principalmente, no tempo 0, das que continham os probióticos, mas não discriminou cada um deles e não diferenciou os tempos de maturação. Um dos fatores responsáveis pela limitação do poder discriminatório do FT-MIR foi a heterogeneidade das amostras, revelada pelas diferenças em termos de intensidades relativas dos picos para cada espectro das triplicatas. Já a técnica FT-NIR só discriminou os tipos de queijo, mas não separou as amostras controle das que continham probióticos. Portanto, as técnicas de MIR e NIR apresentaram sensibilidade para identificar as diferenças entre os queijos, apresentando potencial para emprego no controle de qualidade de queijos adicionados de probióticos.
Optical Polyp Diagnosis in the Era or Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Djinbachian Roupen , Rex Douglas K. , von Renteln Daniel
Published: November 2024

The development of new image enhancement modalities and improved endoscopic imaging quality has not led to increased adoption of resect-and-discard in routine practice. Studies have shown that endoscopists have the capacity to achieve quality thresholds to perform optical diagnosis; however, this has not led to acceptance of optical diagnosis as a replacement for pathology for diminutive (1–5 mm) polyps. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-assisted characterization of diminutive polyps has recently emerged as a strategy that could potentially represent a breakthrough technology to enable widespread adoption of resect-and-discard. Recent evidence suggests that pathology-based diagnosis is suboptimal, as polyp nonretrieval, fragmentation, sectioning errors, incorrect diagnosis as “normal mucosa,” and interpathologist variability limit the efficacy of pathology for the diagnosis of 1–5 mm polyps. New paradigms in performing polyp diagnosis with or without AI have emerged to compete with pathology in terms of efficacy. Strategies, such as autonomous AI, AI-assisted human diagnosis, AI-unassisted human diagnosis, and combined strategies have been proposed as potential paradigms for resect-and-discard, although further research is still required to determine the optimal strategy. Implementation studies with high patient acceptance, where polyps are truly being discarded without histologic diagnosis, are paving the way toward normalizing resect-and-discard in routine clinical practice. Ultimately the largest challenges for computer-assisted characterization remain liability perceptions from endoscopists. The potential benefits of AI-based resect-and-discard are many, with very little potential harm. Real-world implementation studies are therefore required to pave the way for the acceptability of such strategies in routine practice.
Associations of body mass index with the level of free fatty acids in men
Authors: Shramko V. S. , Kashtanova E. V. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Stakhneva E. M. , Ragino Yu. I.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The people with an excessive amount of adipose tissue have elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood, which ultimately leads to disorders of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, which are the main factors in the development of diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To study the content of FFA in blood plasma, as well as their association with body weight in men.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center observational one-stage study was conducted. The sample was formed by a random representative method, comparable by sex and age. The levels of FFA were determined in the blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.

RESULTS: The study included 250 men. The selected participants were divided into groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Group 1 — 62 people with BMI≤24.9 kg/m2, Group 2 — 101 people with BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, Group 3 — 87 people with BMI≥30.0 kg/m2. Obese men were divided into: Group 4 — 62 people with BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2, Group 5 — 19 people with BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2, Group 6 — 6 people with BMI≥40.0 kg/m2.

The content of docosatetraenoic acid was higher in groups 2 (p=0.002) and 5 (p=0.003), when compared with group 1. The content of gamma-linolenic acid was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p=0.041). Concentration of oleic; linoleic; dihomo-gamma-linolenic; midic; arachidonic; eicosapentaenoic acids were higher in group 5 than in group 1 (p=0.007, p=0.023, p=0.004, p=0.019, p=0.006, p=0.001, respectively), and also than in group 2 (p=0.006, p=0.017, p=0.007, p=0.007, p=0.008, p=0.001, respectively). The content of nervonic acid is higher in groups 1 (p=0.029) and 2 (p=0.012) than in group 4. Obesity is associated with increased levels of gamma-linolenic (1.030, 1.006–1.056, p=0.015) and eicosapentaenoic acids (1.061, 1.000–1.125, p=0.045), and a decrease in the level of nervonic acid (0.953, 0.913–0.994, p=0.027).

CONCLUSION: The FFA levels of blood plasma is significantly different in men with normal body weight and the presence of obesity. The content of oleic, gamma-linolenic, midic, digomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic, docosatetraenoic and ­eicosapentaenoic acids was significantly higher in men with grade 2 obesity. An increase in the level of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids, and a decrease in the level of nervonic acid are associated with obesity, regardless of the age.
Syndrome of increased intestinal permeability in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dvoryanchikov Ya. V. , Deunezheva S. M. , Beloglazov V. A. , Yatskov I. A.
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical supervision. Hundreds of millions of people around the world and the rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes are a heavy burden on the health system. Over the past decades, many works have been published on changes in the intestinal microbiota and its permeability in diabetes mellitus of the first and second type (T1DM and T2DM). Due to changes in the permeability of the intestinal wall, its barrier function is also disrupted, as a result of which the access of infectious agents and food antigens to the immune elements of the mucous membrane is facilitated. These pathological changes can eventually lead to immune reactions with damage to pancreatic beta cells, and contribute to an increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines, followed by insulin resistance. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota play an important role in the manifestation of many autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Understanding the factors regulating the function of the intestinal barrier and the composition of the intestinal microenvironment provides important information about the interactions between luminal antigens and elements of the immune response. This review analyzes the latest advances in medicine in understanding the mechanisms linking the host organism, the intestinal microbiota and increased intestinal permeability in T1DM and T2DM.
Association of single nucleotide variants of the TCF7L2, FABP2, FTO, DRD2, MC4R genes with morbid obesity in women
Authors: Ivanova A. A. , Shabanova E. S. , Zorina V. V. , Gurazheva A. A. , Maksimova S. V. , Malyutina S. К. , Maksimov V. N.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a widespread disease associated with serious complications. Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The most common type of obesity is polygenic obesity, the pathogenesis of which involves external and internal factors, including genetic ones.

AIM: Search and study of the association of variants of the nucleotide sequence rs9939609 of the FTO gene, rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene, rs1799883 of the FABP2 gene, rs1800497 of the DRD2 gene, rs17782313 of the MC4R gene with morbid obesity in women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design is case-control study. The morbid obesity group and the control group were formed from the DNA bank of participants of the international project HAPIEE. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR (TaqMan probes, Applied Biosystems, USA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software using Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact two-tailed test with Yates’ correction for continuity. The significance level was used p<0.05.

RESULTS: Morbid obesity group included 192 women (mean age 57.02± .16 years) with BMI over 40 kg/m2, control group included 450 women (mean age 55.44±7.41 years) with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene, rs1799883 of the FABP2 gene, rs1800497 of the DRD2 gene (p>0.05). In the group of morbid obesity, the proportion of carriers of the TT genotype rs9939609 of the FTO gene was statistically significantly lower, and the AT genotype was significantly higher than in the control group (OR=0.579, 95% CI 0.399-0.840, p=0.004; OR=1.408, 95% CI 1.003- 1.976, p=0.047, respectively). The heterozygous TC genotype rs17782313 of the MC4R gene is statistically significantly more common (OR=1.825, 95% CI 1.257-2.652, p=0.002), while the homozygous TT genotype is less common (OR=0.500, 95% CI 0.346-0.723, p<0.001) in group of morbid obesity compared with the control group.

CONCLUSION: Heterozygous genotypes of the rs9939609 of the FTO gene (AT) and rs17782313 of the MC4R gene (TC) are risk genotypes; the homozygous genotype TT of the variants is protective for morbid obesity in women. Single nucleotide variants rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene, rs1799883 of the FABP2 gene, and rs1800497 of the DRD2 gene are not associated with morbid obesity in women.
Advanced glycation end products as one of the “trigger” factors in the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with obesity
Authors: Tomilova A. O. , Shestakova E. A. , Samsonova M. D. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: November 2024

Consuming high-calorie and thermally processed foods leads to increased body weight and increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the human body. AGE has been shown to contribute to dietary oxidative stress and processes that play a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data obtained from cellular and mouse models indicate that the interaction of AGEs with their receptor, RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), promotes the development of inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) through the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. In addition, there is new evidence, which shows influence of RAGE on the transformation of AT macrophages into the provoking M1 phenotype, which also promotes the degree of inflammation in AT. Inflammation in AT leads to the development of insulin resistance and, accordingly, T2DM. At the same time, there are also RAGE isoforms that can prevent the start of the inflammatory process. The review is devoted to modern views on the role of AGE-RAGE systems in the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in obese people.
Nutrient molecules affecting the white-to-beige adipose tissue transition
Authors: Egorova V. S. , Gurtsieva D. T. , Egorov A. D.
Published: November 2024

Obesity is one of the most important health problems. Body weight can be controlled through a combination of a healthy diet and physical activity, but hypertrophic obesity is often complicated by other comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, hypertension and various forms of arthritis. If intense physical activity is contraindicated for patients, then alternative approaches to combat obesity can be developed. The discovery of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue has attracted attention to their use as a target for therapy. There are molecules of various origin that are capable of modulating the formation of beige adipocytes by interacting with critical signaling cascades, leading to increased thermogenesis. One such approach would be to stimulate the transition of white adipose tissue cells into more catabolically active beige cells using nutrients and small molecule drugs.
Two-year study of the VLF spectrum of heart rate variability in connection with changes in the body composition of girls from 10 to 12 years old
Authors: Filatova O. V. , Shishkina N. A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: morphological changes during the pubertal growth spurt can serve as a model for variation in body composition and, in particular, body fat mass (BFM) without any interventions in the human body and associated changes in heart rate variability (HRV).

AIM: to study concomitant changes in the VLF spectrum of heart rate variability and body composition in girls during a Two-year study in the age range from 10 to 12 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: electrocardiography, anthropometry, bioimpedansometry.

RESULTS: we conducted a three-year open, uncontrolled, non-randomized study-observation of 60 girls in the age range from 10 to 12 years. This age range made it possible to obtain a wide variation in the rate of increase in body fat mass (BFM%) from negative to positive values. The oscillation power of the very low-frequency component (VLF, ms2 and %) in the HR variability increased statistically significantly with decreasing BFM %. In response to an increase in BMT%, reverse changes were observed. The VLF parameter (ms2) is associated with a positive moderate relationship with the basal metabolic rate (BM) at the age of 10 years (r=0.314, p=0.013). At the same age, the BFM % parameter is associated with an average negative relationship with the BM parameter (r=–0.681, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: in pubertal girls, the change in the composite body composition with a decrease in fat mass is associated with an increase in the absolute (ms2) and relative (%) power of oscillations of the very low-frequency VLF component in HRV.
New diagnostic criterion for a 3% hypertonic saline infusion test for the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia
Authors: Katamadze N. N. , Pigarova E. A. , Rebrova O. Yu. , Dzeranova L. K. , Przhiyalkovskaya E. G. , Platonova N. M. , Troshina E. A.
Published: November 2024

AIM: To determine the value of urine osmolality when conducting a test with 3% hypertonic sodium chloride solution, which allows for the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (DI) and primary polydipsia (PP).

METHODS: An interventional cross-sectional study was conducted at the (Endocrinology Research Center. The study included 90 patients with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome from September 2021 to September 2023. All patients underwent sequential two tests with osmotic stimulation: 3% hypertonic saline infusion test and a water deprivation test. The final diagnosis was established based on the results of a fluid deprivation test, the patient’s anamnestic data (previous operations, diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary region, the presence of mental illnesses), MRI data (the presence of a hyperintense signal from the posterior pituitary on T1-weighted images, a detected tumor or infiltrative formation of the hypothalamic-pituitary area, presence of Rathke’s pouch cyst).

RESULTS: 48 patients with a final diagnosis of DI and 42 with a final diagnosis of PP were analysed. A cut-off point for urine osmolality during infusion test with 3% hypertonic saline was found: values less than or equal to 377 mOsm/kg support the diagnosis of DI, and values higher than 377 mOsm/kg support the diagnosis of PP. The sensitivity of the criterion is 89%, 95% CI (77%; 97%), specificity — 98% (87%; 100%), PPV — 98% (88%; 100%), NPV — 89% (76%; 96%), accuracy 93% (86%; 98%).

CONCLUSION: The proposed criterion for differential diagnosis has comparable diagnostic accuracy in relation to the differential diagnosis of DI and PP, while the safety of the test may be higher.
Drug treatment of true gynecomastia in overweight adult men
Authors: Eristavi S. Kh. , Rozhivanov R. V. , Nikankina L. V. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Rozhivanova E. R. , Andreeva E. N. , Mel’nichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: True gynecomastia is associated with excess body mass, which is caused by an imbalance of androgens/estrogens. Therefore, there is an interest in evaluating the possibility of drug therapy for this condition through the use of antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors.

AIM: To evaluate the possibility of drug therapy for true gynecomastia in adult men with excess body mass through the use of clomiphene or letrozole.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included men with newly developed gynecomastia and excess body mass who sought medical help at the Endocrinology Research Center from January 2020 to May 2024, and received either clomiphene therapy or letrozole for a period of 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated for the condition of their breast glands, total bilirubin, liver transaminases, creatinine, urea, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, total testosterone, alpha-fetoprotein, and chorionic gonadotropin. The baseline level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: With clomiphene treatment, no statistically significant differences were found in the evaluated parameters, except for estradiol and testosterone levels, which increased. Clomiphene therapy worsened the condition of three patients (13% (95% CI 2,8;33,6)) - they experienced breast pain that was not present at the time of prescription. With letrozole treatment, there was a positive trend - all evaluated parameters significantly improved. Comparing the changes in the studied parameters, it was found that letrozole treatment had a better effect in terms of the severity of gynecomastia (-1[0;-1] degree), reduction in estradiol levels (-31,7[-8,8;-90,8] pmol/l), and also reduced the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal of gynecomastia (-63,4% (95% CI -46,9;-77,9)).

CONCLUSION: The use of an aromatase inhibitor reduces the severity of gynecomastia and decreases the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal.
Pemetaan Kerentanan Ekosistem Mangrove Berdasarkan Aspek Fisik, Biologi dan Antropogenik di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai- Bali Berbasis SIG
Authors: Partama I GD Yudha , Wardhani Okti Krishna , Surata Sang Putu Kaler , Yastika Putu Edi , Kusuma I Komang Tri Wijaya
Published: November 2024

Ekosistem mangrove di Tahura Ngurah Rai berada di Kawasan strategis pariwisata Pulau Bali, yaitu antara Nusa Dua, Sanur, dan Kuta, sehingga ekosistem ini banyak mengalami tekanan. Peningkatan aktivitas di Kawasan tersebut meningkatkan kerentanan ekosistem mangrove terhadap beberapa aspek yaitu fisik, biologi, dan antropogenik. Selain itu, beberapa faktor seperti pembangunan proyek reklamasi, jarak terhadap TPA, aktivitas Pelabuhan, pencemaran lingkungan, dan perubahan iklim menyebabkan fenomena dieback dan kerusakan ekosistem mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) mengetahui Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) ekosistem mangrove berdasarkan parameter fisik mangrove, dan 2) memetakan tingkat kerentanan ekosistem mangrove berdasarkan aspek biologi, dan antropogenik. Pada penelitian ini lokus penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga stasiun. Parameter fisik mangrove dianalisis melalui perhitungan INP yang merupakan akumulasi kerapatan relatif, frekuensi relative, dan dominansi relative. Pemetaan kerentanan dilakukan dengan menghitung Indeks Kerentanan Mangrove (MVI) yang terdiri dari Indeks Biologi Mangrove (BMI), dan Indeks Antropogenik Mangrove (AMI). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba dan Rhizophora mucronata, memiliki nilai indek tertinggi pada stasiun A, B dan C. Indek terendah pada stasiun A didominasi oleh jenis Sonneratia alba, stasiun B jenis Rhizophora stylosa dan stasiun C didominasi oleh jenis Ceriops tagal. Tingkat kerentanan mangrove bervariasi pada masing-masing stasiun, Stasiun A menunjukkan dominasi kerentanan tingkat sedang hingga sangat tinggi, stasiun B menunjukan tingkat kerentanan sedang, tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan tingkat kerentanan stasiun C didominasi kategori sedang dan tinggi. Luas hutan mangrove yang termasuk dalam kategori kerentanan sangat rendah adalah sebesar 2,52 Ha, rendah sebesar 26,81 Ha, sedang 769,80 Ha, tinggi 241,57 Ha dan sangat tinggi sebesar 31,12 Ha.
Tinjauan Efisiensi Pengendalian Debu dengan Dry Fog System di Industri Pengolahan Bijih Mineral
Authors: Susanto Arif , Kusnadi Saskia Nur Fadhilah , Putra Edi Karyono , Santoso Danny Rosalinawati Ma'kdika , Manuel Anthony Andorful
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada industri mineral di Indonesia, yang berperan krusial dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Meskipun kontribusinya signifikan, pertumbuhan ini berdampak pada emisi debu, terutama selama proses penghancuran dan penggilingan bijih mineral. Debu tersebut berpotensi merusak kualitas udara dan mengancam kesehatan pekerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini fokus pada penerapan teknologi dry fog system sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah debu serta memperhatikan kualitas air yang mendukung sistem tersebut. Teknologi dry fog system bekerja dengan mengabutkan partikel air sangat kecil (kurang dari 10 µm), menangkap dan menjatuhkan partikel debu di udara. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kualitas air yang digunakan dalam sistem ini baik (PI = 0,348). Hasil efisiensi dry fog system di lingkungan kerja menunjukkan bahwa lima dari tujuh lokasi memiliki efisiensi yang optimal, yaitu di atas 90%, sehingga menandakan keberhasilan implementasi. Namun, dua lokasi memerlukan penyesuaian dan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan efisiensinya. Maka dari itu, saat ini, penerapan dry fog dust suppression system tetap menjadi solusi ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi dampak debu pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Dengan terus mengoptimalkan teknologi ini, diharapkan lingkungan kerja di industri mineral dapat menjadi tempat yang lebih aman dan sehat bagi para pekerja.
Flood Risk Analysis in Gajah Wong River, Yogyakarta City
Authors: Suprayogi Slamet , Sari Suci Purnama , Setiacahyandari Husnul Khotimah
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of flood events in an area is essential to minimize its impacts by conducting hydrological and hydraulic river modeling. In 2016 and 2022, the events led to the breach of the Gajah Wong River levee, causing the floodwater to overflow and inundate residential areas, reaching a height of 2 meters. This study aims to analyze the risks posed by the Gajah Wong River overflow, while also identifying the elements at risk due to the potential of flooding. The flood inundation scenario modeling using Hec-RAS requires input such as peak discharge, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and Manning's coefficient. High-resolution aerial photo extraction is employed to generate DTM and identify buildings affected by flood inundation, in accordance with the flood modeling. The rational method is used to calculate the peak discharge, utilizing the maximum daily rainfall data from 2001 to 2021. The results show that there was a significant expansion of inundation that reached 4.826 m2 for the 2-year and 50-years flood return periods. However, in terms of the flood impact on buildings, an area of 30.350,68 m2 is affected for the 2-year return period, and it expands to 35.439,05 m2 for the 50-year flood.
Waste Recycling Processing in Indonesian Tourist Attractions: Problems and Challenges of Implementing Legal Policies Restricting Plastic Use
Authors: Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Suhardono Sapta , Sari Mega Mutiara , Septiariva Iva Yenis
Published: November 2024

Efficient waste management remains a pivotal challenge at Indonesian tourist sites. This study conducts a literature review to dissect the prevalent issues and necessary policy interventions in recycling waste within these locales. Results reveal that current policies on plastic usage are inadequately enforced, largely due to insufficient awareness and stakeholder engagement. Key barriers include a lack of infrastructure, minimal community participation in recycling initiatives, and limited regulatory oversight. To address these issues, the study suggests amplified enforcement of existing plastic regulations, enhancement of waste management infrastructure, and a boost in community involvement. The study advocates for a cohesive approach involving government authorities, tourism businesses, waste management entities, and local communities to heighten accountability and environmental stewardship. It is posited that with collective effort, waste management in Indonesian tourist spots can be significantly improved, thus yielding environmental and social dividends.
Marine Debris Collection Model with Intermediate Transition Station (ITS) Systems Planning in Jakarta
Authors: Sari Mega Mutiara , Inoue Takanobu , Harryes Regil Kentaurus , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Yokota Kuriko , Notodarmodjo Suprihanto , Kato Shigeru , Delu Kevin Foggy , Prayogo Wisnu , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: November 2024

Marine debris in Jakarta is a complex problem because the amount is too large every day. Addressing this critical gap, this study proposes a model for efficient waste transportation through the development of an Intermediate Transition Station (ITS) system. This system not only facilitates the effective movement of waste but also incorporates a recovery process to reduce the volume of debris before it reaches the landfill. The ITS serves as a pivotal node in the waste management network, ensuring the continuity of waste flow from accumulation points to processing facilities. With the ITS, the total marine debris managed amounts to 39.96 tons/day, of which 9.33 tons/day is recovered, leaving a significantly reduced residue of 25.63 tons/day or 1.134 m3/day for landfill disposal. Implementing the Haul Container System (HCS) within this framework, the study demonstrates that waste transportation from the ITS to Jakarta's Bantar Gebang Integrated Waste Processing Site can be streamlined to just 3 trips/day. By providing a structured and strategic approach to marine debris transportation, the ITS model aims to prevent the re-pollution of Jakarta's water bodies and significantly reduce the carbon footprint by 67.2% from current conditions, thereby offering a sustainable solution to this pressing urban environmental challenge.
Potensi Ekonomi Pirolisis Sampah Plastik untuk Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus Plastik Pembungkus Paket
Authors: Sari Mega Mutiara , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Rofiah Rofiah , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Suhardono Sapta
Published: November 2024

Ketidakpedulian terhadap pencemaran sampah plastik telah mendorong eksplorasi teknologi pengelolaan limbah inovatif, seperti pirolisis plastik. Penelitian ini menyajikan analisis ekonomi dari pirolisis sampah plastik, dengan fokus pada plastik pembungkus paket, sebagai solusi potensial untuk pengelolaan limbah berkelanjutan. Melalui evaluasi komprehensif terhadap biaya, pendapatan, dan manfaat, penelitian ini menilai kelayakan ekonomi teknologi pirolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ekonomi saat ini yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan sampah plastik dengan pirolisis masih di bawah batas keuntungan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan ini didasarkan pada rasio Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) yang kurang dari 1. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya mempertimbangkan efisiensi operasional, kapasitas reaktor, dan bahan baku untuk meningkatkan prospek ekonomi pirolisis sampah plastik. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada wacana lebih luas mengenai pengelolaan sampah plastik dan memberikan wawasan bagi pengembangan lebih lanjut teknologi pirolisis dalam mencapai tujuan pengelolaan limbah berkelanjutan.
Optimalisasi Rancangan Unit Kontak Stabilisasi dan Parit Oksidasi untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Batik berdasarkan Variabel Desain Operasional
Authors: Kurniawan Allen , Ajie Oktavian Wahyu Pratama , Shofiatunnisa’ Azizzah , Assiddiqi Teuku Devan , Sahda Alimah Hasyyati
Published: November 2024

Industri batik menghasilkan limbah cair dengan volume besar sebesar 80% dari total kebutuhan air. Integrasi pengolahan biologi dan fisikokimia merupakan alternatif terbaik untuk mereduksi kontaminan organik dan bahan kimia dari proses pewarnaan batik. Optimalisasi pengolahan biologi dari tipe konvensional lumpur aktif dapat menerapkan opsi unit kontak stabilisasi dan parit oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan nilai efisiensi polutan organik, ketersediaan lahan, dan pengaruh waktu detensi/hydraulic retention time (HRT) untuk perencanaan unit kontak stabilisasi dan parit oksidasi. Tahapan desain dimulai dengan estimasi debit, konsentrasi polutan, dan penentuan nilai kriteria disain. Karakteristik air limbah industri batik memiliki konsentrasi BOD, COD, dan TSS berturut-turut dalam rentang 2050-2710 mg/L, 3855-78178 mg/L, dan 1180-1315 mg/L. Nilai efisiensi penyisihan bahan organik pada unit kontak sebesar 58,8%; unit stabilisasi sebesar 28,8%, serta unit parit oksidasi 96%. Kapasitas atau volume unit kontak stabilisasi sebesar 520 m3, lebih besar dibandingkan unit parit oksidasi sebesar 115,37 m3. Kontak stabilisasi membutuhkan luas area pengolahan sebesar 130 m2,sedangkan parit oksidasi 96,15 m2. HRT unit kontak stabilisasi (unit kontak sebesar 0,97 jam dan unit stabilisasi sebesar 4,67 jam) jauh lebih singkat dibandingkan parit oksidasi sebesar 27,6 jam. Dengan demikian, HRT singkat dan pada unit kontak stabilisasi dapat mengolah air limbah industri batik dalam kuantitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan unit parit oksidasi. Tergantung dari pencapaian kinerja pengolahan, kontak stabilisasi dan parit oksidasi memberikan solusi alternatif selain unit konvensional lumpur aktif untuk meningkatkan kualitas efluen air olahan. Desain unit ini dapat diimplementasikan untuk skala lapangan sebagai bagian dari integrasi pengolahan biologi dan fisikokimia.
Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup (IKLH) di Indonesia
Authors: Aldilla Riza , Restiatun Restiatun , Afrizal Afrizal
Published: November 2024

Terdapat hubungan timbal balik antara kualitas lingkungan hidup dan aktivitas manusia yang tinggal di dalamnya. Ketika kualitas lingkungan baik maka tercipta kualitas kehidupan makhluk yang tinggal di dalamnya juga baik, hal ini berlaku sebaliknya. Terdapat permasalahan yang terjadi pada kualitas lingkungan hidup di Indonesia, hal ini yang dibuktikan dengan nilai IKLH Indonesia sepanjang 2019 -2022 hanya sebesar 70,17 dari titik referensi 100. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi sifat hubungan pengaruh variabel timbulan sampah, sanitasi dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap IKLH, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun dalam jangka panjang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data panel dengan cross section yang terdiri atas 34 provinsi di Indonesia dan time series selama periode tahun 2019 – 2022. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek tidak terdapat variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap IKLH di Indonesia. Tetapi dalam jangka panjang ditemukan bahwa sanitasi berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif, sedangkan timbulan sampah dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap IKLH di Indonesia.
Efisiensi Penghilangan Polutan Air Limbah dari Kegiatan Pewarnaan di Industri Tekstil Studi Kasus PT ABC
Authors: Nurisni Nendia , Riani Etty , Anwar Syaiful
Published: November 2024

PT ABC tergolong pada sektor tekstil dan produk tekstil (TPT) khususnya pada kelompok produk tekstil lainya yang memproduksi produk ritsleting dan komponennya. PT ABC telah memproduksi ±153 juta meter produk ritsleting pada tahun 2022, dengan menggunakan ± 250 jenis bahan kimia dan rata-rata 500 L air bersih per harinya dalam proses memproduksi barang jadi. Proses utama PT ABC adalah pewarnaan, dengan air limbah yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik warna yang kuat, alkalinitas, konsentrasi COD, BOD, TDS dan TSS yang tinggi serta warna yang kuat. PT ABC saat ini berhadapan dengan persoalan lingkungan yang mendorong diterapkannya ekonomi sirkular melalui konsep sustainable textile and fashion dengan sistem pengolahan air limbah yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan agar proses pengolahan air limbah dapat berkelanjutan adalah dengan memastikan air limbah yang dibuang ke badan air penerima sudah sesuai baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan, sehingga perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap kinerja sistem pengolahan air limbah di PT ABC . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai penyisihan polutan pada air limbah, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai evaluasi kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dan hasil analisis digunakan sebagai salah satu acuan dalam menilai kesiapan PT ABC dalam mencapai target jangka panjang aspek keberlanjutan lingkungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyisihan polutan parameter TDS tergolong tidak efektif, parameter fenol, TSS dan ammonia tergolong kurang efektif, parameter MBAS tegolong cukup efektif serta parameter BOD dan COD tergolong efektif. Parameter TDS tergolong pada kategori tidak efektif salah satu faktornya karena PT ABC belum mengimplementasikan metode khusus yang dianggap efektif untuk menurunkan konsentrasi TDS.
Downy mildew of millets - An overview
Authors: Yuvashree B , Johnson I , Karthikeyan M , Anandham R
Published: November 2024

Amidst global food insecurity, malnutrition, agricultural challenges, and climate change, millet farming is emerging as a viable alternativedue to its high nutritional value, resilience to extreme weather conditions, and adaptability to marginal soils. Often referred to as “super-crops”, millets gained international recognition in March 2021 during the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly. Millets rank among the most important crops globally, following rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum. However, they are susceptible to more than fifty diseases, with the most destructive being ‘Downy Mildew’. This disease is caused by oomycete pathogens such as Sclerospora graminicola, Peronosclerospora sorghi and Sclerophthora macrospora, posing a significant threat to millet production, with yield losses ranging from 50% to 100%. This review emphasizes the importance of millet and the devastating effects of downy mildew on its yields. It explores the physiological and histological changes induced by the disease, the characterization of effector protein, and the genetic variability in millet populations. Additionally, various management techniques for combating downy mildew are examined, including chemical treatments, induced resistance, organic-based approaches, cultural practices, resistant genotypes, and advancements in nanotechnology. By compiling current knowledge on millet disease and effective management strategies, this review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers and farmers, supporting sustainable millet farming and improving global food security.