bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontological Engineering For Source Code Generation
Authors:   Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Alokla Anas Hamid , Gad Walaa Khaled ,   Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Aref Mustafa .M ,   Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Salem Abdel-badeeh .M
Published: November 2021

Source Code Generation (SCG) is the sub-domain of the Automatic Programming (AP) that helps programmers to program using high-level abstraction. Recently, many researchers investigated many techniques to access SCG. The problem is to use the appropriate technique to generate the source code due to its purposes and the inputs. This paper introduces a review and an analysis related SCG techniques. Moreover, comparisons are presented for: techniques mapping, Natural Language Processing (NLP), knowledgebase, ontology, Specification Configuration Template (SCT) model and deep learning.
VARIA: Dramatization of Politics in the Age of Shakespeare
Authors: Shurbanov Alexander
Published: November 2021

The article is concerned with the relationship between politics and aesthetics within the context of English Renaissance drama. It is argued that during the Renaissance politics was very much at the centre of all aesthetic reconstructions of reality. Renaissance writers were keenly interested in the problematization of traditional Christian morality by the advent of political realism, and this interest can be found at every structural level of their works. The article examines the reflection of the issue in a recurrent binary pattern of contrasted characters in select plays by Marlowe and Shakespeare.
Modern Mathematics Lesson for the 6th Grade Based on the TSIP Pedagogy
Authors:   ", Miroslavova Tsvetelina ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Modern society requires new demands on the personality: knowledge of key competencies, communicativeness, purposefulness, creativity, critical thinking, and autonomy in guidance of the information flow. The problem, addressed in the report, is the need to change the goals and the content of education, the innovation of educational resources, and educational technologies aimed at heuristic learning, constructive learning and learning through research (The Theory of Solving Inventory Problems – TSIP, Montessori Pedagogy, Jump Math and others). This change also affects mathematics lesson as a basic form of education. The pedagogical ideas of the TSIP are systematized in the article. A model of a modern mathematics lesson for the 6th grade, based on the TSIP pedagogy, was developed, and it is aimed at developing the universal learning activities of the students.
About a Web-Based Environment Application for Augmented Reality with 2D Barcode Markers
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Bulgaria, Zhelezov Stanimir , Stanev Stanimir , Georgiev Teodor
Published: November 2021

The article presents the developed augmented reality software application requiring minimal resources for its development and implementation. The application is developed on a webbased platform and uses 2D markers. The AR.js open source JavaScript library is used as a development environment.
Perceived Contribution of Internally Generated Revenue to Public Secondary School Funding in Ondo State, Nigeria (2010‒2015)
Authors:   Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria, Oluwakemi Bilikisu
Published: November 2021

The underfunding of schools in Nigeria has led to poor quality of education at a period when globalisation demands much from the education system in terms of training a skilled workforce. In Ondo State, the government has encouraged public secondary schools to generate funds internally in order to complement the insufficient grants it provides. The aim is to facilitate the proper functioning of schools. Nevertheless, education stakeholders have not ceased to complain about a shortage of funds. There is therefore the need to assess the various sources and trends of internally generated revenue (IGR) and the contribution thereof to the funding of education and school development in Ondo State. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The study population consisted of 304 principals of public secondary schools in Ondo State. The sample of this study included 60 principals who were selected from the total number by means of a simple random sampling technique. They were divided into groups of twenty (20) for each of the three (3) senatorial districts in Ondo State. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using frequency counts, simple percentages and other appropriate statistical techniques. The result showed that there were many sources of IGR for public secondary schools in Ondo State as most of the schools have more than one major channel of IGR apart from tuition fees and PTA, examination and sports levies which are common to all sampled schools. Also, the trends in the contribution of IGR to secondary schools in Ondo State are annual. It was recommended that school administrators should include other means of generating money so as not to overburden parents, especially during the economic downturn.
Teaching C++ as a First Programming Language
Authors:   ", Donchev Ivaylo ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, most C++ introductory courses begin by studying the procedural constructs of C language, following the imperative-first strategy described in CC2001 [7]. While this has been a successful approach in the near past, our experience shows that it does not lead to the development of skills to create a good C++ code. That’s why in recent years we’ve been teaching C++ to beginners in a totally different way – with avoidance of C-style strings and raw arrays; delayed introduction to pointers (just after references); polymorphism with references instead of pointers; smart pointers instead of raw pointers; early use of standard library features, and writing modern C++ from day one.
Educational Platforms for Online Learning in a Cloud Environment
Authors:   ", Kiskinova Neli ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the types of distance learning platforms with the use of information and communication technologies. It analyses their main functionalities and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud technologies in e-learning.
Using Code Generators when Creating Ready-Made Templates for Application Development
Authors:   ", Damyanov Daniel ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Code generation is basically about writing programs that write programs. Given today’s complex code-intensive frameworks, such as Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE), Microsoft’s. NET and Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), it is becoming increasingly important that we use our skills to create programs which aid us in developing our applications. Generally speaking, the more complex the framework is, the more appealing you will find a code generation solution. Many object-oriented programming (OOP) languages lack reusability and flexibility, and require a similar code to be written repeatedly. This paper reviews the code generators that are most useful for implementation in applications for automatic code generations, their pros and cons, where they are most widely used nowadays, as well as their versatility. In Visual Studio we use the term “scaffolding” when we want to generate identities automatically. When we start a new ASP.NET project, it genrates a template where we start from.
Methodical tools for forming key competences on the subject “Spreadsheets” at school
Authors:   „Ekzarh Yosif I“ Foreign Languages High school, Lovech, Nikolova Maryana , Prodanova Detelina
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the key role of IT training in digital competence. It is about methodological aspects of studying spreadsheets on the topic “Table information processing” in secondary schools, the learning objectives and the specifics of the tasks they provide, the sustainability of the skills and the necessary competencies for their application in solving different problems. The results of a large-scale study involving 232 high school students and 94 university students have been presented, which show the durability of students’ knowledge and skills in solving problems and tasks with the help of spreadsheets in different spheres of public life. The aim of the authors is to show and analyze the results of the research.
The Postnormal Condition and the Politics of Migration in Biyi Bandele’s Half of a Yellow Sun
Authors: Ogheneruro Okpadah Stephen
Published: November 2021

Civil wars, political chaos, ecological revolutions, separatist agitations, ethnic conflicts and religious clashes form part of the larger body of what, following Ziauddin Sardar, we will define as “postnormal times.” The representation of borders in migration is a salient feature of African films and films on Africa, such as Hotel Rwanda, Blood Diamond, Half of a Yellow Sun, Tears of the Sun and Somewhere in Africa: The Cries of Humanity. These cinematic productions are rooted in the culture of migration, displacement, liberation and survival. The present article considers postcolonial African cinema and argues that filming migration, especially forced migration, is intricately related to the postnormal condition characteristic of African societies. Postnormality in that part of the world is largely produced by armed conflicts whose aftermath stages spectacular waves of human migration. The Boko Haram conflict, the Herdsmen crisis and the Niger Delta crisis of resource control in Nigeria and the Al Shabab terrorist group in Somalia and Eastern Africa are some of the instances of violent self-location that have necessitated discussions of refugeeism, migration and postnormality in Nigerian and African film studies. This article focuses on Biyi Bandele’s film Half of a Yellow Sun which is read in contextual juxtaposition with other films about crisis and migration. Sardar’s theory of postnormality is used in the analytical discussion of the film, which demonstrates that African cinema succeeds in representing the complexities, contradictions and chaos of voluntary and involuntary migration and provides an adequate response to the anti-oppressive reforms on that continent.
Innovative Technologies for Teaching Pedagogical Practice in Mathematics during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors:   ", Galabova Darinka ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo, Yordanov Iliyan ,   "St. Cyril and Methodius" University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In 2020, the world was challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic which changed the existence of all social systems. Schools and universities were closed periodically. Education switched to e-learning mode with remote access. This paper analyses the issue of training trainee teachers who study Pedagogy of Mathematics. Models of innovative interactive technologies for remote access training have been developed which are based on electronic forms of learning and use specialized mathematical software. The article also presents an implemented model of a seminar for teaching pedagogical practice in mathematics to 4th-year students at the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics of the St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo.
Strategic direction and its impact in the areas of strategic change of sports institutions in Iraq
Authors: Mustafa hameed hussein
Published: November 2021

The research dealt with the extent of the impact of strategic direction on strategic change, and the researcher tried to present an analytical framework for the views of a selected sample within the research sample, especially since the independent variable represented by the strategic direction has garnered wide interest because it opens up the thinking windows of senior management, while the dependent variable represented change The strategic understanding of the methodology of change and its management is one of the most important roles of managerial leadership at the present time. The research started from a research problem represented by the following questions:

What is the relationship of the strategic direction and its impact on the sports organization, and do managers realize the nature of the relationship between it and strategic change?

How can the strategic direction affect the areas of strategic change in the sports organization?

The researcher tested the correlation and influence relationship between the "strategic orientation" that represents the behavior of administrative leaders as individuals and "strategic change" in their sports institutions that they lead. Through this study, several theoretical and practical conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: -

There is a relationship and a moral influence between the strategic direction factors and areas of strategic change.

The strategic change in the research sample was significantly affected by the strategic direction at the macro level and on the level of the sub-factors that compose it.

The researcher recommended that the sports institution should adopt a specific and studied policy in the field of strategic change, and this includes the existence of plans and action programs to implement such a policy, as any change must be subject to study, planning, and programming and not to improvisation and randomness.
Intellectual emptiness and its relationship to mental distraction among some students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Authors: Meriam Abdul-ameer  , Sahira Razzaq
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to prepare psychological measures of intellectual emptiness and mental distraction on university students. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the two methods of surveying and correlational relations to suit the nature of the research, where the study sample consisted of (101) students of physical education and sports sciences.  The phrase- Intellectual emptiness(35) and (34) is a phrase for mental distraction and presented it to experts in psychology, testing and measurement, and the statistical bag for social sciences (spss) was used, and the results of the research showed that intellectual emptiness has a moral relationship with straying among some students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and the necessity  Providing a university environment dominated by an atmosphere of intellectual openness and respect for opinion and the other opinion
Decision-making and its relationship to spiking and blocking performance in volleyball for emerging players
Authors: Malath Haider  , Njlaa Abbas
Published: November 2021

The game of volleyball is one of the competitive team games that took the lead in terms of its spread in the world, and the game of volleyball relies on basic skills as an important base on which this game is built to advance in the level of performance Performance and among these skills the skill of spiking and blocking wall, the research aims to identify the extent of the relationship of decision-making to the performance of spiking and blocking in volleyball for junior players. The sample was chosen from volleyball players for the Junior Specialized School of Sulaikh Sports Club / Baghdad Governorate for the season 2020 The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research community was composed of (101) players. The two researchers prepared a decision-making scale consisting of 22 items. Percentages were calculated, the arithmetic average and hypothesis were calculated. The reliability coefficient was found using the half-segmentation method and Alpha Cronbach to know the test stability and correlation coefficient. Pearson Validity Discrimination of Paragraphs and the t-test In light of the results of the research, conclusions were reached, where the critical thinking of the players was found to have a positive relationship in the skills of hitting and crushing wall. The researcher also recommends conducting more research on decision-making skills in other variables in the game of volleyball.
The Effect Of Plank Exercises On The Lipid Component And The Rate Of Metabolism (Bmr) Among Students Of The Higher Institute For Security And Administrative Development
Authors: Ruaa Mahmoud  , Israa Fouad
Published: November 2021

The introduction of the research on the science of training and the physiology of sports was addressed from important sciences, where the physical effort drew the attention of scientists since the past centuries when they studied how the body performs its functions when performing physical exertion and observe the changes that occur in it and write down and study especially the positive effects of the practice of daily sports
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of plank exercises on the lipid component and the metabolic rate (bmr) of the female students of the Higher Institute for Security and Management Development.
As for the third chapter, the two researchers used the experimental method on a sample of the female students of the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development, as their number reached (10) students, represented by one experimental group.
The two researchers prepared the plank exercises according to the variables, and the number of training units was (24) units, and the two researchers used the ready-made statistical bag (SPSS).
The two researchers found a positive effect on the lipid component and the metabolic rate (bmr) of the experimental group, in addition to that the use of plank exercises contributed to the development of the physiological variables of the members of the research sample.
The two researchers concluded by relying on the training curriculum of the Planck exercises when training the physiological variables of the members of the research sample, in addition to conducting similar studies for different physiological variables.
Self-programming of information and its relationship to some offensive skills in volleyball among female students
Authors: Haneen Mohammed Hussein  , Muna Talib Albadry
Published: November 2021

The researchers used the descriptive approach with the two methods of survey study and correlational relations, and the research community was identified with the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa, their number was (26) students, then a sample of (20) students was chosen, then after that the scale was selected and applied and the offensive skills tests in volleyball On the research sample, then the scientific foundations were extracted and the appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed. As for the objectives of the research, they included in several points, namely:

1- Recognizing the degree of self-programming of information in volleyball among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa.

2- To identify the degree of offensive skills in volleyball among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa.

3- Knowing the relationship between the degree of self-programming of information and the degree of offensive skills in volleyball among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa.

As for imposing research, it includes:

1- There is a correlation between self-programming of information and offensive skills in volleyball among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa.Areas of research include:

1-Human field: Female students of the fourth stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa for the academic year 2020-2021.

2-Time range: for the period from 1/11/2020 to 29/11/2021.

3-Spatial field: Hall of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa.
Impact of Affective Factors on Senior High School Students with Low English Reading Ability
Authors: Liu Chubai , Luo Xinjie
Published: November 2021

In 2017, the Ministry of Education promulgated the General High School English Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition), which stressed the importance of affective factors in English learning. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods such as student questionnaires and interviews to explore the motivational function of affective factors and its negative influence upon English reading of 80 students with low English reading ability in a high school in Jiujiang. The results of the study show that reading anxiety is common among high school students, the internal motivation for English reading is weak and the external motivation is strong, the self-efficacy of reading is not clear and firm. The study further found that the great academic pressure and high school students’ self-awareness which are subject to external environment, language and other factors cause high school students’ anxiety, the international social environment and examination system have a large impact on high school student’ external motivation. In order to improve the English reading ability of high school students, this research tries to make corresponding suggestions for teachers, students and other aspects from the perspective of affective factors. As for the English teachers, they should set up diversified activities and increase the interest of teaching content in order to promote emotions with knowledge. As for the students, they should clarify their tasks to enhance learning motivation. The school should set up mental health courses and psychological counseling room and provide psychological training for teachers. Then, parents should try to communicate with students and learn to ask for help rather than paying too much attention to students’ performance.

 
Psychotherapy via Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia–Experience of Clients with a Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Dharwadkar Nitin P , Broadbear Jillian H , Heidari Parvaneh , Cheney Lukas , Rao Sathya
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transition to, and experience of, telehealth in people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD).

METHOD: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in a specialist clinic for personality disorders in March-May 2020.

RESULTS: Thirty-seven clients (48% response rate) completed the survey. Two participants (5.4%) were decided not to receive treatment via telehealth. Transitioning from in-person to telehealth, the majority of participants had few or no technical issues (51.4%). Telephone, video-conferencing and a mix of telephone and video-conferencing were used. Positive and negative experiences were endorsed asking about the effectiveness of telehealth. While some participants were whether unsure (32%) or not (19%) interested in telehealth following pandemic, half acknowledged the presence of telehealth (54.8%) and wanted to have the option of telehealth following pandemic (48.6%).

CONCLUSIONS: Despite some shortcomings associated with telehealth, almost every client continued to attend appointments and half of the study participants wanted to have the option of telehealth in the future. Healthcare policymakers and mental health managers should consider the challenges described in this study while developing telehealth guidelines to best support people experiencing problems living with the psychiatric diagnoses of BPD.
Development of Excellent Leadership Indicators of Administrators in Private Schools in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Sintupun Weerawat , Khammantakhun Wichit , Nualsing Thanyaporn
Published: November 2021

The purposes of this research were 1) to study existing excellent leadership indicators of private school administrators and 2) to test the consistency between the developed excellent leadership model and the empirical data. The sample group was consisted of 532 administrators and teachers in private schools in northeastern Thailand certified by the Office of Nation Education Standards and Quality Assessment (Public Organization), Thailand. They were obtained through purposive sampling. The research instruments for data collection included 1) a semi-structured interview form and 2) a 5-point rating scale questionnaire with a content validity between 0.60 - 1.00 and a reliability of 0.992. The data was analyzed with a statistical package and content analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The developed model of excellent leadership indicators of the private school administrators contained 5 core elements and 82 indicators including 1) transformational leadership with 4 sub-elements and 12 indicators, 2) strategic management leadership with 4 sub-elements and 15 indicators, 3) academic leadership with 4 sub-elements and 14 indicators, 4) corporate communication with 5 sub-elements and 21 indicators, and 5) technological skills with 6 sub-elements and 20 indicators. 2. The developed model of the excellent leadership indicators of the private school administrators was in consistence with the empirical data (Chi-square = 357.51, df = 149, p = 0.00000, x2/df = 2.39, GFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.90, RMSEA = .0.051, RMR = 0.013).
Latest features in GaBI Journal, 2021, Issue 3
Authors: Walson Philip D
Published: November 2021

This issue of GaBI Journal contains articles dealing with some very practical issues related to the evaluation, describing, and use of generic and biosimilar products. These issues include the uncertainty associated with extrapolating results of studies that used small, non-representative study populations, study sites, or product types. These problems are evident in the evaluation of three articles in this issue. Other articles illustrate difficulties evaluating published opinions without access to the original data upon which such opinions were based: the need to evaluate the possible effects of real or potential conflicts of interest; and the lack of consistent regulatory approaches to important, non-pharmaceutical chemicals.
An IPRP survey of the regulatory requirements for the waiver of in vivo bioequivalence studies of generic medicinal products in certain dosage forms
Authors: García Arieta Alfredo , Rodrigues Clare
Published: November 2021

Medicines regulatory authorities aim to address rising healthcare costs and promote access to medicines worldwide through review and approval of quality generic drug products that are interchangeable with the corresponding reference medicinal product.
Recent Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Sahel: A Critical Review
Authors: Epule Epule Terence , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Dhiba Driss
Published: November 2021

Climate change adaptation continues to be central on the agenda of most African countries. Current understanding of the state of adaptation is limited in Africa. The Sahel is selected because of persistent declines in precipitation and rising temperatures. Here, we examine the status of adaptation actions across the Sahel by reviewing the primary peer review literature. A total of 70 peer review papers that document 414 discrete adaptations provide a snapshot of adaptations developed between 1975 and 2020. From a country-to-country perspective, Kenya has the highest number of reported adaptation actions (75 or 18.1%). From a regional standpoint, West Africa recorded about 261 or 18.1% of all adaptation actions reported. Income diversification of livelihoods, and water harnessing were reported as the most used adaptation actions in the Sahel. Based on categories, technically based adaptation actions are the most used options. The period 2008–2016 registered 65.2% of all adaptations. 98% of adaptation actions are reported to be driven by climate while non-climatic drivers account for 95% of adaptation actions. The findings presented here are proxies of climate change adaptation; some relevant information might be found in gray literature which not used because gray literature is less standardized because it is not subject to peer review.
Anticoagulants in the Management of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Panahi Ladan , Udeani George , Horseman Michael , Weston Jaye , Samuel Nephy , Joseph Merlyn , Mora Andrea , Bazan Daniela , Patel Pooja
Published: November 2021

Pulmonary embolism management has typically been accomplished with anticoagulant treatment that includes parenteral heparins and oral vitamin K antagonists. Even though heparins and oral vitamin K antagonists continue to play a role in pulmonary embolism management, other newer available options have somewhat reduced the role of heparins and vitamin K antagonists in pulmonary embolism management. This reduction in utilization involves their toxicity profile, clearance limitations, and many drug and nutrient interactions. New direct oral anticoagulation therapies have led to more available options in the management of pulmonary embolism in the inpatient and outpatient settings. More evidence and research are now available about reversal agents and monitoring parameters regarding these newer agents, leading to more interest in administering them for safe and effective pulmonary embolism management. Current research and literature have also helped direct the selection of appropriate use of pharmacological management of pulmonary embolism based on the specific population such as patients with liver failure, renal failure, malignancy, and COVID-19.
Posterior Torso and Buttocks Contour Enhancement
Authors: M. Zimmerman Edward
Published: November 2021

The harmonious contour and movement of the dorsal human form--male and female, youthful through senescent--has been observed, critiqued, and physically and surgically sculpted throughout human existence with the goal of producing a more functional, balanced and beautiful body. This chapter will explore variations and pendulum swings of desirable/beautiful/athletic posterior contours and how the cosmetic units of the upper back, bra roll, axilla, waist, low back, upper buttocks, vertical and horizontal buttocks folds, lateral hips and banana rolls are both independent and interdependent. The evaluation of the topography of the posterior torso and buttocks, at rest and in movement, will be reviewed, Invasive and non-invasive technologies, utilized alone and bundled together for sculpting and refining optimal outcomes with reduced risks will be discussed. Improving the elasticity and tightness of the tissues and enveloping skin will be considered.
Particulate Matter and Human Health
Authors: Singh Karuna , Tripathi Dhananjay
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an introduction to particulate matter by discussing various ways of categorisation, characterisation and their health effects. The natural and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric particulate matter are discussed. The chapter also introduces qualitatively some aerosol concepts, such as their chemical composition and size distribution. Some examples are provided to illustrate how particulate matter, despite being microscopic particles, can manifest themselves in the atmosphere. Finally, the various pathways by which particulate matter impacts the health system are reviewed along with their interactions to understand concept behind the PM-associated health effects.
Improving Gestational Diabetes Management through Patient Education
Authors: Staynova Radiana , Yanachkova Vesselina
Published: November 2021

The challenge of achieving a healthy pregnancy and a successful birth outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires a multidisciplinary approach with close collaboration between healthcare providers. One of the key elements for the successful management of GDM is the education of pregnant women. Patient education has been shown to improve quality of life, contribute to better compliance, and reduce complications and healthcare costs. In this chapter, we will present and discuss the main barriers in the educational process of women with GDM and innovative approaches for improving diabetes self-management education during pregnancy. The focus will be on the different educational methods, such as printed leaflets and booklets, Web-based educational programs, and new technologies including telemedicine and smartphone applications.
Design, Performance, and Optimization of the Wire and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Made Arsana I , Agung Wahyuono Ruri
Published: November 2021

The wire and tube heat exchanger has been mostly utilized as a condenser unit in various refrigeration systems. As a class of extended surface-based heat exchanger, not only the operating condition but also the geometry of the wire and tube heat exchanger plays a critical role in determining the overall performance of the heat exchanger. Despite the fact that the current designs that include the inline, single-staggered, and woven matrix-based wire and tube heat exchangers already exhibits positive performance, future design and optimization remain challenging from the thermal and fluids engineering point of view. To guide the optimization strategy in the heat exchanger design, this chapter provides an insight into how the geometrical design impacts the performance of various wire and tube heat exchangers, which can be deduced from either the heat exchanger capacity or efficiency.
Empirical Study on Medical Information and Communication Technology System in Dentistry in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nakajima Ichiro , Ejima Ken-ichiro , Arai Yoshinori , Matsumoto Kunihito , Honda Kazuya , Aboshi Hirofumi , Hamaguchi Marina , Lyvongsa Akao , Sidaphone Bounnhong , Phanthavong Somphone , Phanthanalay Chanthavisao , Vongsa Souksavanh
Published: November 2021

In the field of dentistry, diagnoses based on data obtained using medical imaging modalities such as digital panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been widely recommended for advanced dental care. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), there are place where advanced dental imaging devices are available in only one university dental hospital. The establishment of an information and communication technology (ICT) system has been expected as telemedicine system, for sharing medical imaging data among medical institutions in Laos. Recently, regional medical cooperation using telemedicine has been developed in Japan, and medical imaging data have been provided and shared among medical institutions, by using a mobile tablet terminal application. Therefore, we have carried out the empirical research on the telemedicine system with the university in Laos. The technologies and research results from our project will be presented in this chapter.
Phytophthora spp.: Economic Plant Threats in Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hussain Abdulkhair Waleed
Published: November 2021

The potato crop is exposed to infection with many fungal diseases including late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans. The control of late blight disease requires an integrated management approach represented in cultivation control, plant resistance, and fungicide control. The citrus plants are infected by Phytophthora nicotianae that is causing root rot disease in Egypt. Three species of Phytophthora responsible for infection of citrus plants; P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora, and P. palmivora. Other pathogens associate P. nicotianae and form complexes or coinfection that release different diseases for citrus plants such as gummosis, Phytophthora–Diaprepes complex (PDC), and Huanglongbing syndrome (HLBS).
Effect of Exercise on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Michael Dhanya , S. Fidelis Joseph , Joseph Pakalomattom Sijo
Published: November 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming more common around the world. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to a wide range of other health problems, such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and pulmonary illness. Patients with CKD tend to lead sedentary lives for a variety of reasons. Dialysis patients, on the other hand, are much less active than the general population. All of these factors raise the likelihood of future morbidity and mortality, while also lowering the overall quality of life for people who are ill (HRQoL). Regular physical activity (PE) has been shown to increase overall well-being and HRQoL. Here, we discuss several PEs and their effects on CKD patients’ physical fitness, function, and HRQoL, as well as the significance of haematocrit normalisation and the influence on their serum phosphorus levels. We have discussed the advantages of PE for this particular population of individuals as well as the side effects of intradialytic PE. There have also been discussions on factors that contribute to impaired physical function in CKD patients and the impact of PEs on different bodily systems.
Late Transition Metal (LTM)-NHC Catalyzed Transformations of Renewable Chemicals to Fine Chemicals, Fuels, and Intermediates
Authors: Mohan Kurra , Hari Babu Bollikolla , Bala Murali Krishna Khandapu , Vijay Kotra , Ravi Varala
Published: November 2021

This title of the book chapter deals with the late transition metal-NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalyzed transformations of renewable chemicals, i.e., bio-mass resources (carbohydrates/vegetable oils/natural products) into useful chemicals via oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydration, polymerization, hydrolysis, etc. along with brief introductory notes on late transition metals, carbenes, and renewable chemicals for better understanding to the reader.
Ethnic Minority Students in the UK: Addressing Inequalities in Access, Support, and Wellbeing in Higher Education
Authors: Botticello Julie , Olufunmilyo West Titilayo
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on UK higher education and how structural racism is perpetuated through inadequate attention to access, support, and wellbeing. Inequalities in higher education correspond with those in health, where there are marked disparities between ethnic majority and ethnic minority populations, as COVID-19 revealed. The research employed a qualitative methodology to explore students’ experiences of higher education at a widening participation university during lockdowns resulting from COVID-19. Twenty undergraduate students participated in focus groups and semi-structured interviews across the academic year 2020–2021. These were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that ethnic minority students suffered from inadequate access to technology, insufficient attention to child-care responsibilities, a dearth of peer-to-peer interactions, and limited institutional support for mental wellbeing. Inclusive support services and welcoming learning environments, including space for peer-to-peer learning, however, were emphasised as enablers for effective learning and emotional wellbeing. This study has shown that inequalities in access, support and wellbeing in higher education remain. Overcoming these inequalities requires equitable access and support provisioning for ethnic minorities so that all students can fulfil their potentials, at university and after.
Planning Cervical Deformity Surgery Including DJK Prevention Strategies
Authors: Protopsaltis Themistocles , Sissman Ethan
Published: November 2021

Distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) is a major concern following cervical deformity (CD) correction, leading to failed realignment and revision surgery. In this chapter, we describe our approach to the treatment of cervical deformity and the steps taken to minimize the risk of DJK post-operatively by tailoring the construction to the individual patient. In this chapter, we describe our approach to the treatment of cervical deformity and the steps taken to minimize the risk of DJK post-operatively by tailoring the construction to the individual patient. First we focus on characterization of the baseline deformity. Secondly, we assess our patients clinically. Thirdly, we simulate the correction with the use of novel in-construct measurements. The fourth step is to develop a DJK prevention strategy tailored to the individual. The last step is to perform surgery and check correction during the operation.
Current Scenario of Regenerative Medicine: Role of Cell, Scaffold and Growth Factor
Authors: Pramanik Nilkamal , Rath Tanmoy
Published: November 2021

Impairment of the clinical tissue-implantation is due to the lack of a suitable organ donor and immunogenic rejection, which leads to the cause for the enormous loss of human life. The introduction of artificial regeneration of tissues by Langer and Vacanti in 1993, has revolutionized in the field of surgical organ transplantation, to alleviate the problem of tissue injury-related death. There is no doubt that the term “regenerative medicine” to open a new space of tissue reconstruction, but the complications that arise due to the proper machinery of the cell, supporting biomaterials and growth factors has yet to be resolved to expand its application in a versatile manner. The chapter would provide a significant overview of the artificial tissue regeneration while a triangular relationship between cells, matrixes, and growth factors should be established mentioning the necessity of biomedical tools as an alternative to organ transplantation.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after PCI: When Could We Go Shorter?
Authors: Santaló-Corcoy Marcel , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Tanguay Jean-François
Published: November 2021

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains an important clinical question in interventional cardiology. Several clinical and angiographic variables are associated with an increased risk for thrombotic events, and prolonged DAPT duration may improve long term clinical outcome. However, some patients also present high bleeding risk (HBR) characteristics and may require a shorter DAPT duration. The guidelines recommendations consider the data from randomized clinical trials, however numerous exclusion criteria may create gaps in the evidence leading to uncertainties, the need for expert opinion and patient level decision making. Furthermore, the stent platforms have evolved in such way that opportunities now exist to shorten duration of DAPT. This chapter will review the variables associated with ischemic and bleeding risks as well as different stent platforms to help clinicians optimize DAPT duration in patients undergoing PCI.
Ethnomedicine Study on Medicinal Plants Used by Communities in West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Diliarosta Skunda , Prima Sari Monica , Ramadhani Rehani , Efendi Annisa
Published: November 2021

Currently, the development of conventional medicine is getting more advanced, it cannot be denied that medicinal plants still occupy their main role as medicine for various human diseases, especially in developing countries. This is rooted in the knowledge of the local community about plants that can be used as medicine for various diseases. Ethnomedicine is a field of study that raises local knowledge of the community to maintain their health. From numerous studies on the field, 33 species of plants have been found which are believed by the natives to West Sumatra as medicine. Ethnomedicinal data were analyzed using Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) value. The results of the analysis showed that the species of plants that is voted most important for the community were soursop (Annona muricata) and red betel (Piper sp.). In general, the part of plant that is most often used as medicine is the leaf, and the way to consume it is by boiling it so that you can get the herbs from the plant extract.
Basic Tools and Techniques for Assessing Strength and General Endurance
Authors: L. Yurchenko Alexander , O. Zamulina Maria
Published: November 2021

The desire of more and more segments of the population for self-improvement and self-expression through amateur sports has acquired a global scale. The evaluation and analysis of the amateur athletes’ achievements in the chosen physical activity become of practical importance for most amateur athletes and open up the possibility of developing innovative interventions to stimulate the engagement in physical activity of as much population as possible. For this purpose, we have developed an elementary methodology for monitoring the achieved level of strength and overall endurance of students, designed to monitor and motivate amateur athletes of various types of physical activity. The purpose of this research project was to conduct the targeted analysis of the array of physiological indicators of those engaged in physical activity, and also to justify and test technologies for collecting and interpreting objective indicators of performing elementary physical test exercises and calculating their dependence on objective indicators of the cardiovascular system. Subsequently, we planned to develop a simple methodology for collecting, evaluating, and interpreting test information. We suggest using this technique in the daily training sessions of amateur athletes of various qualifications.
Insights into Metabolic Engineering of the Biosynthesis of Glycine Betaine and Melatonin to Improve Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: El Hadji Malick Cisse , Ling-Feng Miao , Da-Dong Li , Fan Yang
Published: November 2021

Metabolic engineering in plant can be describe as a tool using molecular biological technologies which promotes enzymatic reactions that can enhance the biosynthesis of existing compounds such as glycine betaine (GB) in plant species that are able to accumulate GB, or produce news compounds like GB in non-accumulators plants. Moreover we can include to these definition, the mediation in the degradation of diverse compounds in plant organism. For decades, one of the most popular ideas in metabolic engineering literature is the idea that the improvement of gly betaine or melatonin accumulation in plant under environmental stress can be the main window to ameliorate stress tolerance in diverse plant species. A challenging problem in this domain is the integration of different molecular technologies like transgenesis, enzyme kinetics, promoter analysis, biochemistry and genetics, protein sorting, cloning or comparative physiology to reach that objective. A large number of approaches have been developed over the last few decades in metabolic engineering to overcome this problem. Therefore, we examine some previous work and propose some understanding about the use of metabolic engineering in plant stress tolerance. Moreover, this chapter will focus on melatonin (Hormone) and gly betaine (Osmolyte) biosynthesis pathways in engineering stress resistance.
Comparative Analysis of Appeal Procedures in the European, American and Brazilian Patent Offices
Authors: Monteiro dos Santos Fabio , José Costa Bezerra Netto Heleno , Carvalho Rodrigues Ricardo
Published: November 2021

The right to appeal exists as a response to the two main characteristics of every human being. The first refers to the attitude of not settling for adverse decisions, which leads people to seek instruments to remediate these decisions, while the second is the possibility that every human being has to make mistakes and the need to correct these mistakes in decision-making acts that may have been mistaken. Therefore, an appeal is an instrument that enables review of a decision by a higher authority to obtain its modification or revocation. In the patent system, appeals are used basically to reverse decisions of patent examiners during the examination procedure as, for example, the decision to reject a patent. Although all patent offices have procedures for appeal against first-instance decisions taken by these offices, there are significant differences as to how this procedure is conducted in each office. This chapter will study the laws and regulations, rules and procedures on appeals in two of the main patent offices in the world – the European Patent Office – EPO and the United States Patent and Trademark Office – USPTO, and in the Brazilian Patent Office – INPI, pointing out the main differences between them.