bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-034: Increased physical activity delays development of obesity-induced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice and modulates inflammation
Authors: Pita-Grisanti Valentina , Dubay Kelly , Lahooti Ali , Badi Niharika , Ueltschi Olivia , Chavez-Tomar Myrriah , Terhorst Samantha , Knoblaugh Sue , Coss Christopher , Mace Thomas , Choueiry Fouad , Hinton Alice , Mitchell Jennifer M , Basen-Engquist Karen , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida
Published: November 2020

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly disease with no preventive strategies. Lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity might serve to prevent obesity-induced PDAC. We examined whether decreasing obesity via increased physical activity (PA) and/or diet-induced weight loss could prevent PDAC in mice and compared the levels of systemic inflammatory-associated cytokines in human subjects undergoing a PA intervention. Methods: Obesity-induced PDAC mouse models were exposed to various interventions before and after cancer initiation, that included increased PA, diet-induced weight loss, and/or chemotherapy. We evaluated body composition, tumor progression, growth, fibrosis, and inflammation. Circulating inflammatory-associated cytokines of overweight/obese human subjects before and after a PA intervention were also compared. Results: Genetically engineered PDAC mice on a PA intervention while on a HFD, gained less weight, displayed lower grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias lesions, and fewer mice developed PDAC compared to controls. Similar results were observed in PDAC mice given a HFD to induce obesity, prior to a control diet (CD) and PA intervention, compared to mice given a CD after the HFD. PA alone or with a CD intervention decreased body weight but did not prevent tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. PA combined with chemotherapy increased the percentage of splenic cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+) T cells in PDAC mice. Finally, PA prevented the increase of systemic inflammatory-associated cytokines in PDAC mice and in overweight/obese control human subjects. Conclusions: PA alone or with diet-induced weight loss delayed the progression of PDAC in genetically engineered mice and reduced inflammation. While these interventions did not prevent tumor growth in the orthotopic mouse model, it did modulate immune responses. Reducing obesity by increasing PA and decreasing dietary fat intake could be a way of reducing the incidence of PDAC in high-risk obese individuals.

Citation Format: Valentina Pita-Grisanti, Kelly Dubay, Ali Lahooti, Niharika Badi, Olivia Ueltschi, Myrriah Chavez-Tomar, Samantha Terhorst, Sue Knoblaugh, Christopher Coss, Thomas Mace, Fouad Choueiry, Alice Hinton, Jennifer M Mitchell, Karen Basen-Engquist, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate. Increased physical activity delays development of obesity-induced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice and modulates inflammation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-034.
Abstract PO-042: FGFR1 expression correlates inversely with the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of FGFR inhibitors in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lin Qingxiang , Serratore Andrea , Kandel Eugene , Straubinger Robert M.
Published: November 2020

Aberrant functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) have been implicated in the tumor progression of pancreatic cancer (PaCA). However, the mechanisms of FGFR action and the therapeutic utilities of FGFR inhibitors (FGFRi) in PaCA remain largely under-investigated. Here the mechanisms of FGFR inhibition in PaCA were investigated using pan-FGFRi that are under clinical development and specific shRNA against individual FGFRs. FGFRi treatment, such as BGJ398 and AZD4547, significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and cell expression of key markers associated with cell survival and invasiveness was suppressed, in multiple PaCA cell lines. Gemcitabine (Gem) is the standard-of-care for PaCA, and the development of Gem resistance (GemR) compromises its efficacy, thereby Gem only provides modest survival benefits. We found that FGFRi was effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration of strongly GemR cells and tumors (named as MIA-GR8 cells and MIA-GR8 tumors) that were all derived by increasing Gem exposure from MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro and selected by Gem in vivo. These results suggest its potential clinical utility as a class of alternative drug candidates in tumors that acquired GemR. Downregulation of GemR markers mediated by FGFRi treatment in GemR cells also suggested its therapeutic application of FGFRi in combination with Gem, in order to overcome GemR. Mechanistically, the molecular mechanisms of individual FGFR were investigated. shRNA-mediated inhibition of FGFR2 or FGFR3 did not decrease cell growth, and the overexpression of FGFR1 promoted cell migration rather than proliferation. Furthermore, the efficacy of FGFRi treatment was investigated in multiple cell lines and patient-derived xenograft. The inhibitory effects of BGJ398 in PANC-1 cell growth and migration were compromised by exogenic overexpression of FGFR1, and its efficacy on cell viability suppression was correlated with FGFR1 in multiple cell lines. In patient-derived xenografts, the efficacy of FGFRi on tumor growth inhibition was also correlated with FGFR1 expression. These data provide evidence that precision medicine which targets FGFR using FGFRi in PaCA tumors which express relatively modest or low amount of FGFR1 could be more effective than that with a high FGFR1 expression.

Citation Format: Qingxiang Lin, Andrea Serratore, Eugene Kandel, Robert M. Straubinger. FGFR1 expression correlates inversely with the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of FGFR inhibitors in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-042.
Abstract PO-043: Interception of pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: McDermott Matthew L. , Ferguson Lesley P. , Chambers Kendall , Rajbhandari Nirakar , Reya Tannishtha
Published: November 2020

Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is projected to be one of the leading causes of cancer related death by 2030. Although other cancers have made significant strides towards improved treatment, PC still remains at a 9% fiver year survival rate due to end-stage diagnosis, aggressive metastasis, and a protective stromal wall. Therefore, to identify novel therapeutic targets, our lab focuses on studying cancer stem cells, a highly chemo-resistant sub-population of pancreatic cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis of these cancer stem cells has revealed a number of genes that are enriched compared to non-therapy resistant cells and normal pancreas. We hypothesize that genes turned on through pancreatic cancer progression contribute to therapy resistance. If PC could be targeted at earlier stages, it would be possible for therapeutics to bypass the wealth of issues that occur as it advances. By cross referencing our RNA-seq analysis to sequencing performed at various stages of pancreatic cancer development in mice, a subset of genes is not only up-regulated in therapy resistant cells, but increases in expression as normal pancreas progresses to an end stage tumor. Preliminary studies have shown that inhibition of these select genes reduces growth of mouse pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ongoing studies are to (1) test if inhibition of these genes reduces early stage PC growth in vitro and in vivo, and (2) test how gene knockdown affects human pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Citation Format: Matthew L. McDermott, Lesley P. Ferguson, Kendall Chambers, Nirakar Rajbhandari, Tannishtha Reya. Interception of pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-043.
Abstract PR-003: Tumor-cell-intrinsic epigenetic factors underlie the heterogeneity of immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Jinyang , Yuan Salina , Norgard Robert J. , Yan Fangxue , Vonderheide Robert H. , Blanco Andres , Stanger Ben Z.
Published: November 2020

Resistance to immunotherapy is a major problem of current clinical care for cancer patients. While T cell abundance is essential for tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy, factors that dictate T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironments are not fully understood. To understand the tumor-cell-intrinsic factors underlying the heterogeneity of tumor immunity and sensitivity to immunotherapy, we established a new experimental system by generating a library of congenic pancreatic tumor cell clones from a genetic mouse model driven by mutant Kras and p53. These tumor cell clones robustly formed implanted tumors that recapitulated T-cell-inflamed and non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments, associated with distinct patterns of infiltration by T cells and myeloid cells. We found that the non-T-cell-inflamed phenotype was dominant over the T-cell-inflamed phenotype in the local tumor microenvironment. An integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis revealed that tumor-cell-intrinsic expression of CXCL1, EPHA2 and PTGS2 as determinants of the non-T-cell-inflamed microenvironment, and ablation of tumor-cell-intrinsic CXCL1, EPHA2 or PTGS2 promoted T cell infiltration and sensitivity to a combination of chemotherapies, CD40 agonist, and checkpoint blockades. Similarly, we identified tumor cell-intrinsic epigenetic factor, USP22, as a key regulator of immune infiltration and immunotherapy response in pancreatic cancer. Ablation of tumor-cell-intrinsic USP22 enhanced T cell infiltration and suppressed myeloid cell infiltration in implanted pancreatic tumors as well as increased sensitivities of tumors to the combined immunotherapy. These results demonstrated that heterogeneity of tumor immune phenotypes is driven by tumor-cell-intrinsic factors, including epigenetic factors, that can be manipulated to influence the outcome of immunotherapies.

Citation Format: Jinyang Li, Salina Yuan, Robert J. Norgard, Fangxue Yan, Robert H. Vonderheide, Andres Blanco, Ben Z. Stanger. Tumor-cell-intrinsic epigenetic factors underlie the heterogeneity of immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-003.
The Lipogenic Regulator SREBP2 Induces Transferrin in Circulating Melanoma Cells and Suppresses Ferroptosis
Authors: Hong Xin , Roh Whijae , Sullivan Ryan J. , Wong Keith H.K. , Wittner Ben S. , Guo Hongshan , Dubash Taronish D. , Sade-Feldman Moshe , Wesley Benjamin , Horwitz Elad , Boland Genevieve M. , Marvin Dieuwke L. , Bonesteel Todd , Lu Chenyue , Aguet François , Burr Risa , Freeman Samuel S. , Parida Laxmi , Calhoun Katherine , Jewett Michelle K. , Nieman Linda T. , Hacohen Nir , Näär Anders M. , Ting David T. , Toner Mehmet , Stott Shannon L. , Getz Gad , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A.
Published: November 2020

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are shed by cancer into the bloodstream, where a viable subset overcomes oxidative stress to initiate metastasis. We show that single CTCs from patients with melanoma coordinately upregulate lipogenesis and iron homeostasis pathways. These are correlated with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors across clonal cultures of BRAF-mutant CTCs. The lipogenesis regulator SREBP2 directly induces transcription of the iron carrier Transferrin (TF), reducing intracellular iron pools, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation, thereby conferring resistance to inducers of ferroptosis. Knockdown of endogenous TF impairs tumor formation by melanoma CTCs, and their tumorigenic defects are partially rescued by the lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 and vitamin E. In a prospective melanoma cohort, presence of CTCs with high lipogenic and iron metabolic RNA signatures is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, irrespective of treatment regimen. Thus, SREBP2-driven iron homeostatic pathways contribute to cancer progression, drug resistance, and metastasis.

Significance:

Through single-cell analysis of primary and cultured melanoma CTCs, we have uncovered intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity within lipogenic and iron homeostatic pathways that modulates resistance to BRAF inhibitors and to ferroptosis inducers. Activation of these pathways within CTCs is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, pointing to therapeutic opportunities.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Demographic Factors in Disease Progression: The Final Results of the Russian Observational Program “DIAMANT”
Authors: Parfenov Vladimir Anatolyevich , Zhivolupov Sergey Anatolyevich , Poverennova Irina Evgenyevna , Nesterova Marina Valentinovna , Ushakova Svetlana Evgenyevna , Zhukova Natalia Grigoryevna , Glazunov Alexey Borisovich , Nikulina Ksenia Vladimirovna , Alexandrov Mikhail Victorovich , Lapatukhin Vladislav Gennadyevich , Zhestikova Marina Grigoryevna
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a form of cerebrovascular disease manifested as a vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The management of the patients with CCI is determined by a healthy lifestyle and early therapy aimed at correcting and preventing this disease. Divaza is a drug with endothelial protective and nootropic effects. We present the final efficacy and safety analysis of all-Russian, open-label, prospective, observational, multicenter study of Divaza and emphasize the role of demographic and socioeconomic factors in cognitive disorder (CD) progression. Methods: CCI patients (n = 2,583) with or without CD were enrolled. Patients received Divaza (2 tablets 3 times per day for 12 weeks). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) testing was required. The change in the mean MoCA score post-treatment was used as the primary endpoint. As the secondary endpoints, the number of patients with a MoCA <26 and ≤17 (dementia); the percentage of patients with a MoCA score improvement in different age groups; the dynamics of mean MoCA score in age groups; and the relationship between CD and sex or regional social/economic factors were assessed. Results: Divaza therapy led to a significant improvement: the mean MoCA score was up to 20% higher post-treatment (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.0001 vs. baseline). The number of participants with MoCA ≥26 increased by 33.6%. The number of patients with dementia was 4.1 times less after therapy (p < 0.00001 vs. baseline). Divaza improved cognitive functions of patients in each age group. Findings demonstrate that regional socioeconomic factors contribute to CD development and severity. The observed divergence between sexes was a result of a larger number of women enrolled. The study confirmed the safety of Divaza. Conclusions: In the study, we observed the efficacy of Divaza for the treatment of CD: a therapy contributed to an increase in the mean MoCA score and the positive dynamics in the number of patients with cognitive improvement.
Fibrilo-Tactoid Glomerulonephritis: A Possible Novel Morphological Variant
Authors: Vanga Amaresh , Magoon Sandeep , Kowalewska Jolanta , Mussarat Saad
Published: November 2020

Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis are infrequent causes of primary nephrotic range proteinuria and are poorly understood. Recent significant developments include the discovery of DNA JB9 antigen in fibrillary glomerulonephritis. Here, we present a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, and normal renal function. Renal biopsy revealed fibrils that were randomly arranged on electron microscopy. They were of small size and congo red negative similar to the ones found in fibrillary glomerulonephritis, but were also DNA JB 9 negative, and had a hollow core like in immunotactoid glomerulopathy. Though we try to classify these conditions into either immunotactoid glomerulonephropathy (ITGN) or fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN), there are scenarios such as this case where it does not fit into either and is probably an overlap or intermediate variant of these two conditions. Pathological features of these glomerulonephrites are discussed together with their clinical implications, treatment choices, and diagnostic importance.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome after Nifedipine Withdrawal
Authors: Alanazy Mohammed H. , Alwadei Ali , Alsaaran Zaid F. , Essbaiheen Fahad A.
Published: November 2020

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is an essential but often unrecognized cause of intracranial haemorrhage. While there are no specific causes of the syndrome, associations with many clinical conditions and drugs have been observed, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are often used to relieve the symptoms. This is a case of RCVS that was triggered by the sudden withdrawal of nifedipine, a CCB.
Pediatric Cervical Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Treated by Endovascular Approach
Authors: Demartini Jr. Zeferino , Koppe Gelson Luis , Guimarães Ricardo Munhoz da Rocha , da Rocha Luiz Eduardo Munhoz , Francisco Alexandre Novicki , Gatto Luana A.M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare, benign, and expansible bone lesion, occurring mainly in childhood. Although most lesions are located at the metaphysis of long bones, they can also be found in flat bones and spine. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with cervical ABC treated by endovascular embolization. The afferents were occluded as a preoperative preparation for surgery; however, as the patient became asymptomatic after the procedure, the family refused surgery. Image at 1-year follow-up showed reduction and ossification of the lesion. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment decreases surgical morbidity by reducing blood loss, which is particularly important in the pediatric population. This therapeutic option may also halt ABC growth in selected cases.
Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Shan , Rong Weiwei , Zeng Caihong , Zhu Xiaodong , Chen Qilin , Li Limin , Liu Zhi-Hong , Zen Ke
Published: November 2020

Background: Levels of urinary microvesicles, which are increased during various kidney injuries, have diagnostic potential for renal diseases. However, the significance of urinary microvesicles as a renal disease indicator is dampened by the difficulty to ascertain their cell source. Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that podocytes can release migrasomes, a unique class of microvesicle with size ranging between 400 and 2,000 nm, and the urine level of migrasomes may serve as novel non-invasive biomarker for early podocyte injury. Method: In this study, immunofluorescence labeling, electronic microscopy, nanosite, and sequential centrifugation were used to purify and analyze migrasomes. Results: Migrasomes released by podocytes differ from exosomes as they have different content and mechanism of release. Compared to podocytes, renal tubular cells secrete markedly less migrasomes. Moreover, secretion of migrasomes by human or murine podocytes was strongly augmented during podocyte injuries induced by LPS, puromycin amino nucleoside (PAN), or a high concentration of glucose (HG). LPS, PAN, or HG-induced podocyte migrasome release, however, was blocked by Rac-1 inhibitor. Strikingly, a higher level of podocyte migrasomes in urine was detected in mice with PAN-nephropathy than in control mice. In fact, increased urinary migrasome number was detected earlier than elevated proteinuria during PAN-nephropathy, suggesting that urinary migrasomes are a more sensitive podocyte injury indicator than proteinuria. Increased urinary migrasome number was also detected in diabetic nephropathy patients with proteinuria level <5.5 g/day. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that podocytes release the “injury-related” migrasomes during migration and provide urinary podocyte migrasome as a potential diagnostic marker for early podocyte injury.
Strictly Lobar Microbleeds Reflect Amyloid Angiopathy Regardless of Cerebral and Cerebellar Compartments
Authors: Jung Young Hee , Jang Hyemin , Park Seong Beom , Choe Yeong Sim , Park Yuhyun , Kang Sung Hoon , Lee Jong Min , Kim Ji Sun , Kim Jaeho , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Seo Sang Won
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:

We aimed to determine whether lobar cerebellar microbleeds or concomitant lobar cerebellar and deep microbleeds, in the presence of lobar cerebral microbleeds, attribute to underlying advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology or hypertensive arteriopathy.

Methods:

We categorized 71 patients with suspected cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers (regardless of the presence of deep and cerebellar microbleeds) into 4 groups according to microbleed distribution: L (strictly lobar cerebral, n=33), L/LCbll (strictly lobar cerebral and strictly lobar cerebellar microbleeds, n=13), L/Cbll/D (lobar, cerebellar, and deep microbleeds, n=17), and L/D (lobar and deep, n=8). We additionally categorized patients with cerebellar microbleeds into 2 groups according to dentate nucleus involvement: strictly lobar cerebellar (n=16) and dentate (n=14). We then compared clinical characteristics, Aβ (amyloid-β) positivity on PET (positron emission tomography), magnetic resonance imaging cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers, and cerebral small vessel disease burden among groups.

Results:

The frequency of Aβ positivity was higher in the L and L/LCbll groups (81.8% and 84.6%) than in the L/Cbll/D and L/D groups (37.5% and 29.4%;
P
<0.001), while lacune numbers were lower in the L and L/LCbll groups (1.7±3.3 and 1.7±2.6) than in the L/Cbll/D and L/D groups (8.0±10.3 and 13.4±17.7,
P
=0.001). The L/LCbll group had more lobar cerebral microbleeds than the L group (93.2±121.8 versus 38.0±40.8,
P
=0.047). The lobar cerebellar group had a higher Aβ positivity (75% versus 28.6%,
P
=0.011) and lower lacune number (2.3±3.7 versus 8.6±1.2,
P
=0.041) than the dentate group.

Conclusions:

Strictly lobar cerebral and cerebellar microbleeds are related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, whereas any combination of concurrent lobar and deep microbleeds suggest hypertensive angiopathy regardless of cerebral or cerebellar compartments.
Intergovernmental Expert Consensus in the Making: The Case of the Summary for Policy Makers of the IPCC 2014 Synthesis Report
Authors: De Pryck Kari
Published: November 2020

This article investigates the practices through which consensus is reached on policy-relevant scientific conclusions in intergovernmental assessment bodies. Using the case of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the production of the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Synthesis Report published in 2014, it sheds light on the procedural, visual, and rhetorical arrangements in the weaving of an intergovernmental expert consensus. Drawing on ethnographic methods, the main point of the article is that the consensus emerging from the approval of the SPM is best understood as an accumulation and juxtaposition of scientific/diplomatic consensuses. It shows that these consensuses result from a layering of compromises negotiated at various stages in the assessment process and contingent on the issues at stake and the strategies of actors. In this context, consensus is not reached on individual statements but on the document as a whole, as both authors and governments seek to have their perspectives reflected. Finally, the article draws attention to the entanglement between the scientific and diplomatic rhetoric in the fabric of the SPM, which tends to construct climate change as a decontextualized and nonpolitical problem.
Higher-Order Approximation to the Guidewire Model Used in Simulators of Cardiac Catheterization and Multiple Segment Relaxations
Authors: Baier-Saip Jürgen A. , Baier Pablo A. , Oliveira Jauvane C. , Baier Herbert
Published: November 2020

Cardiac catheterism is important because it offers many advantages in comparison to open surgery, for example, fewer injuries, lower risk of infections, and shorter recovery times. Simulators play a fundamental role in training packages, and virtual learning environments are less stressful. Moreover, they can also be used in certification boards and in performance assessments. A realistic and interactive simulator must be fast. In this work, the physical model of the guidewire used in catheter simulations has been improved. In particular, we determined a simple analytic expression to calculate the direction of a guidewire segment, which minimizes the total energy. The surface energy resulting from the guidewire--artery interaction and the bending energy of the guidewire is approximated up to the second order, which gives rise to interactions between segments. Furthermore, the multiple segment relaxations are introduced, enhancing the convergence especially at the beginning of the relaxation cycle. The formulas are written in matrix form of dimension 4M×4M, where M represents the number of segments varied in the update step. The method results in a more stable static solution.
Joshua Marshman and the Study of Spoken Chinese
Authors: Söderblom Saarela Mårten
Published: November 2020

Joshua Marshman, English Baptist missionary in India, spent the decade between 1805 and 1814 studying the Chinese language. Marshman’s unique vantage point in India makes him stand out among European Sinologists of his time. Marshman’s familiarity with Indian languages and the local traditions of studying them informed his speculative publications on Chinese. Learning Chinese from a native informant was not enough for him. He thought that only through a mastery of both Sanskrit and Mandarin could the Chinese language be really comprehended and put to use by foreign missionaries and scholars alike. This article examines Marsh­man’s course of study and his publications on the Chinese language. It argues that although Marshman’s hope to forge a hybrid, Sanskrit-infused Sinology appeared as a dead end in his time, he was right to focus on the importance of foreign contacts in the formation of the modern Chinese language.
Affect, Ethics, and Cognition
Authors: Mather Hannah R. K.
Published: November 2020

This article considers the Spirit’s role in the interpretation of Scripture, otherwise known as pneumatic interpretation. It outlines that whilst we may approach scripture seeking to interpret its written truth, the Spirit’s concern is with so much more than just our minds. Thus, pneumatic interpretation is holistic and cannot be restricted to interpretation of the scriptural text. The Spirit always works through and beyond the written words, seeking to interpret and appropriate scriptural truth affectively, ethically, and cognitively in our lives in ways that align with Scripture and transform us holistically into knowledge of and relationship with God as Father, Son, and Spirit. However, within this lies a paradox that whilst the Holy Spirit of God is all-powerful, discernment and reception of truth brought by the Spirit through Scripture (or in ways leading towards Scripture) is either helped or hindered by ethical action and choice.
‘Worship in the Spirit’ in the Acts of the Apostles
Authors: Twelftree Graham H.
Published: November 2020

Pentecostals and charismatics claim that their expressive corporate worship is ‘in the Spirit’. This claim is tested by seeing how Luke in Acts, often taken by Pentecostals and charismatics as providing prescriptions for worship, might respond to the claim. From an examination of those places in Acts where believers’ worship and the Spirit motifs are found together it is concluded that Luke would assume that not some, but that all worship by the followers of Jesus – in the temple or synagogue or homes – was ‘in the Spirit’. For Luke it is not what believers do or experience in worship that would cause him to describe it as ‘in the Spirit’, but what had already been done to them in being filled with the Spirit so that there is nothing about Pentecostal or charismatic worship that would cause him to think it any more ‘in the Spirit’ than other styles of worship.
Vascular plant biodiversity of Dorset and Mallik islands, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated checklist of a middle Arctic flora in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Authors: SAARELA JEFFERY M. , SOKOLOFF PAUL C. , BULL ROGER D.
Published: November 2020

Establishing a baseline of current Arctic vascular plant diversity and distribution is critical, given the rapid and major environmental changes occurring in the Arctic ecozone in response to climate change. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of vascular plant diversity of Dorset and Mallik islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut, Canada. These two small islands lie off the coast of the Foxe Peninsula of southwestern Baffin Island, and they are part of the Circumpolar Arctic bioclimate Subzone C. The hamlet of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset) is located on Dorset Island, and Nunavut’s Mallikjuak Territorial Park encompasses all of Mallik Island. The study is based on a specimen-based dataset comprising 876 unique collections from the two islands gathered over the last century, including 268 new ones collected in 2015. Results are presented in an annotated checklist. The vascular plant flora of the study area comprises 26 families, 71 genera, 150 species and three infraspecific taxa; 139 species are recorded on Dorset Island and 102 on Mallik Island. Eleven taxa are newly recorded from the study area in six families: Carex rupestris, Eriophorum scheuchzeri subsp. scheuchzeri, E. triste (Cyperaceae); Diapensia lapponica (Diapensiaceae); Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Equisetaceae); Oxytropis deflexa var. foliolosa (Fabaceae); Potentilla arenosa subsp. arenosa, P. hyparctica subsp. hyparctica (Rosaceae); Antennaria friesiana subsp. friesiana, Askellia pygmaea, and Taraxacum phymatocarpum (Asteraceae).
Chromosome numbers in hybrids between invasive and native Solidago (Asteraceae) species in Europe
Authors: MUSIAŁ KRYSTYNA , PAGITZ KONRAD , GUDŽINSKAS ZIGMANTAS , ŁAZARSKI GRZEGORZ , PLISZKO ARTUR
Published: November 2020

In Europe, two North American species, Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea hybridize with native S. virgaurea producing the hybrids: S. ×niederederi, a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. virgaurea, and S. ×snarskisii, a hybrid between S. gigantea and S. virgaurea. The morphological description of both hybrids has been well established in contrast to the data on chromosome numbers which were insufficiently recorded or missing. The diploids of S. ×niederederi have been recently reported from a few localities in Austria and Lithuania. In this study, we evidenced a triploid of S. ×snarskisii from one locality in Lithuania, as well as confirmed diploids in the progenies of S. ×niederederi collected in 23 new localities in Austria, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia, based on chromosome counting.
Elements of the Dynamical Response to Climate Change over the Mediterranean
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , O’Gorman Paul A. , Eltahir Elfatih A. B.
Published: November 2020

Future climate simulations indicate that the Mediterranean Basin will experience large low-level circulation changes during winter, characterized by a strong anomalous ridge that drives a regional precipitation decline. Previous research highlighted how shifts in stationary wave structure and the atmospheric response to reduced warming of the Mediterranean Sea relative to land could explain the development of this anomalous pressure high. Here, we expand on these results and provide new arguments for why and how the Mediterranean is projected to experience large circulation changes during winter. First, we find that zonal asymmetries in the vertical structure of stationary waves are important to explain the enhanced circulation response in the region and that these asymmetries are related through the external mode to the vertical structure of the mean zonal wind. Second, in winter, the Mediterranean is located just to the north of the Hadley cell edge and consequently is relatively free of large-scale descent; together with low near-surface static stability above the sea, this condition allows the weaker warming trend above the sea to propagate to the low troposphere and trigger a major circulation response. During summer, however, remotely forced descent and strong static stability prevent the cooling anomaly from expanding upward. Most of the intermodel scatter in the projected low-level circulation response in winter is related to the spread in upper-tropospheric dynamical trends. Importantly, because climate models exhibit too much vertical coherence over the Mediterranean, they likely overestimate the sensitivity of Mediterranean near-surface circulation to large-scale dynamical changes.
Determinants of Ecofeminism in Anglophone Cameroon: A PESTECH Analysis
Authors: Njoh Ambe J , Ayuk-Etang Elisabeth NM
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes ecofeminism operationalized as the relationship between women and the natural environment. It treats ecofeminism as context-dependent and not a universal construct as suggested in the literature. It focuses on the political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical (PESTECH) context of ecofeminism in Anglophone Cameroon, a polity with a unique pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial experience. Each dimension is shown to impact women–nature relations in its own unique way. This underscores the need to be more discerning and attentive to context in any analysis of ecofeminism.
RGS12 Represses Oral Cancer via the Phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PTEN
Authors: Fu C. , Yuan G. , Yang S.T. , Zhang D. , Yang S.
Published: November 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer characterized by aggressive local invasion and metastasis. The pathogenesis of OSCC is mainly due to the accumulation of genetic alterations in epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanism for its development remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression level of regulator of G protein signaling 12 (RGS12) was significantly reduced in human OSCC. To understand the role and mechanism of RGS12 in OSCC, we generated a novel RGS12 global knockout (CMVCre/+; RGS12fl/fl) mouse model by crossing RGS12fl/fl mice with CMV-Cre transgenic mice and then further induced the mice to develop OSCC by using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Deletion of RGS12 exhibited aggressive OSCC in the tongue compared with the control RGS12fl/fl mice. Knockdown of RGS12 in OSCC cells significantly increased cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we found that RGS12 associated with phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) via the PDZ domain to upregulate the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PTEN and then correspondingly inactivated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. To test the potential therapeutic effect of RGS12 on OSCC, we overexpressed RGS12 in OSCC cells and found a significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, subcutaneous inoculation of RGS12-overexpressed OSCC cells in NOD scid mice showed a significant reduction in tumor formation. Our findings reveal that RGS12 is an essential tumor suppressor and highlights RGS12 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker of OSCC.
The Alternative to Utopia Is Myopia
Authors: Sousa Santos Boaventura de
Published: November 2020

This essay, written in memory of Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019), considers Wright’s project of constructing and identifying real utopias. It confronts a tension in Wright’s oeuvre, the question of the knowledge by means of which reformers can identify the utopias that ground the really existing real utopias.
The Relationship Between the Motivation to Commit Infidelity and Negative Affect and Self-Esteem: How Cheating in Romance Might Signal Positive Well-Being in Adolescents
Authors: Beltrán-Morillas Ana M. , Alonso-Ferres María , Garrido-Macías Marta , Villanueva-Moya Laura , Sánchez-Hernández M. Dolores , Expósito Francisca
Published: November 2020

Infidelity occurs in adult romantic relationships quite often; however, little is known about this relational phenomenon in the adolescent stage, despite its being a surprisingly common behavior. Through a correlational study, we set out to examine how the various documented motivations to engage in an act of infidelity are associated with negative emotional responses, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. In a sample of Spanish adolescents ( N = 346 [ Mage = 15.71, SD = 1.27; range from 13 to 19]), results showed that committing an act of infidelity due to sexual or emotional dissatisfaction (vs. neglect and anger) is related to higher levels of psychological well-being by undermining negative affect, thereby increasing the levels of self-esteem. The discussion of the findings emphasizes that infidelity could favor adolescents’ personal growth, because of the need to explore new sensations and feelings that arise during this period.
Influence of polyurethane foam on chemical clogging of nonwoven geotextile and tailings caused by ferrous iron
Authors: Liu Sheng , Wang Yuan , Feng Di
Published: November 2020

The chemical clogging of geotextiles filters is a common issue, which threatens the safety of engineering projects. To reduce the chemical clogging of nonwoven geotextiles and enhance their drainage capability, a polyurethane foam was innovatively placed under the nonwoven geotextiles in this paper. A series of column tests were conducted to study the mechanism of the polyurethane foam to reduce the chemical clogging of the nonwoven geotextile filters in tailings caused by ferrous iron. In addition, the influence of the concentration of Fe2+, hydraulic gradient and thickness of the tailings specimen on the chemical clogging of the polyurethane foam and nonwoven geotextiles was examined. Less chemical clogging of geotextiles caused by polyurethane foam was observed and the related mechanism was firstly explained. The polyurethane foam under the geotextile reduced the contact between the geotextile and air. As a result, the chemical clogging of the geotextile was alleviated, which increased the drainage capability of the geotextiles. A high water saturation of the polyurethane foam would help to a reduce the extent of the chemical clogging of the geotextile. The chemical clogging characteristics of geotextiles and polyurethane foam under different concentrations of Fe2+ and hydraulic gradients were observed.
How to Avoid a COVID-19 Research Paper Tsunami? A Tourism System Approach
Authors: Bausch Thomas , Gartner William C. , Ortanderl Florian
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 reaction policies have had the effect of putting the tourism economy into a form of forced hibernation. Currently there is speculation about what will happen as tourism begins to emerge from its dormant state. In this article, we use the concept of a system to analyze the potential research implications of COVID-19 effects on tourism. In doing so, we firmly place tourism within the concept of a system that relies on a steady flow of money from tourists to function. Three scenarios, each with two end states, to cover the array of potential reactions and recovery from the pandemic are presented. An impact grid is constructed to be able to follow the effects of policies and interventions on tourism objects and subjects. Examples of how research may use the grid to uncover impacts are presented. Conclusions reinforce the need for a system approach to guide COVID-19 tourism research.
Effect of statin on perioperative myocardial injury in isolated valve surgery
Authors: Kaushik Atul , Kapoor Aditya , Agarwal Surendra Kumar , Pande Shantanu , Kashyap Shiridhar , Sinha Archana , Khanna Roopali , Kumar Sudeep , Garg Naveen , Tewari Satyendra , Goel Pravin K
Published: November 2020

Background

Statins have known pleiotropic effects that confer protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Because cardiopulmonary bypass is a potentially reversible ischemia-reperfusion sequence, we aimed to assess whether statin loading could help to limit myocardial injury in patients undergoing isolated heart valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

One hundred patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease undergoing valve replacement received either a loading dose of rosuvastatin (40 mg initiated 7 days before surgery; loaded group) or no statins (non-loaded group). Cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase MB, and brain natriuretic peptide were measured at 8, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. The primary endpoint was the extent of perioperative myocardial injury measured by the area under the curve for each biomarker.

Results

Despite similar baseline levels, all biomarkers at 8, 24, and 48 h were significantly lower in the loaded group. The area under the curve of each biomarker was significantly lower in the loaded group than in the non-loaded group (troponin I: 31.43 vs. 77.21 ng·h·mL−1, creatine kinase MB 309.31 vs. 429.12 ng·h·mL−1, brain natriuretic peptide 5176.11 vs. 16119.31 pg·h·mL−1, all p < 0.001). The mean changes from baseline to peak levels were also significantly lower in the loaded group. The loaded group had a shorter hospital stay but no significant difference was seen in ventilator time, inotrope time, aortic crossclamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, or intensive care unit stay.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing valve replacement, high-dose statin loading before surgery had a favorable impact on the release kinetics of various cardiac biomarkers.
Outcomes of end-organ function and survival with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Mihama Toru , Bahatyrevich Nataliya , Cavarocchi Nicholas , Hirose Hitoshi
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a temporary therapy option for refractory cardiac or respiratory failure. Preliminary study suggests that ECMO aids in the recovery of end-organ function by maintaining systemic perfusion.

Methods:

A retrospective IRB approved database research and chart review was performed on patients initiated on veno-arterial (VA-) ECMO between September 2010 and April 2019. End-organ injury markers were compared between the pre-ECMO period, defined as markers recorded before ECMO initiation, and the pre-decannulation period, defined as markers prior to ECMO decannulation. Data was expressed with mean ± standard deviation, or median [quartile 1, quartile 3] and compared between Pre-ECMO and per-decannulation period.

Results:

Among the 159 VA-ECMO patients, 100 patients (63%) survived ECMO with mean ECMO duration 10 ± 7 days. Within the survival group, 78 patients (49%) weaned to recovery, and 22 patients (14%) weaned off to durable implantable devices. Compared to the pre-ECMO period, the pre-decannulation period significantly improved in pH (7.23 ± 0.19 vs. 7.40 ± 0.09; p < 0.001) and lactate (5.5 [2.3, 9.0] vs. 1.6 [0.9, 2.3]; p < 0.001), and serum creatinine (1.4 [1.1, 2.1] vs. 1.1 [0.8, 1.7]; p < 0.001). Significant changes were noted in ventilation parameters as well, such as FiO2 (100 [100, 100] vs. 50 [50, 50]; p < 0.001), PaO2 (88 [62, 135], 126 [87, 162]; p < 0.001) and PEEP (8.0 [5.0, 12.0] vs. 5.0 [5.0, 8.0]; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Maintaining perfusion with VA-ECMO utilization on indicated patients demonstrated improvements in end-organ functions. Survival rates of VA-ECMO patients were also optimistic.
A novel escalation from veno-venous bypass to veno-venous ECMO during orthotopic liver transplantation. A case report
Authors: Voulgarelis Stylianos , Hong Johnny C , Zimmerman Michael A , Kim Joohyun , Scott John P
Published: November 2020

We describe the challenging perioperative course of a 55-year-old patient with hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation (LT). Different modalities of the extracorporeal device were successfully used, ranging from veno-veno bypass to partial and full veno-veno extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in order to optimize preload, reduce bleeding from the collateral circulation, optimize acid base balance and/or improve oxygenation. The case highlights the potential use of the device as a rescue method in challenging cases. Furthermore this is the first documented case that extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) is used to optimize the biochemistry profile intraoperatively during a LT. The patient was weaned off the device at the end of the case and has been discharged home.
Auditing ethnic preference in Hong Kong’s financial job market: The mediation of white privilege and Hong Kong localism
Authors: Li Yao-Tai , Liu John Chung-En
Published: November 2020

Using the case of Hong Kong’s finance-related industries, this article examines whether preference or discrimination based on job applicants’ ethnic background manifests in Hong Kong employers’ hiring practices. The authors took an audit approach and compared applicants of three distinctive ethnic groups: Anglo-Saxons, local Hong Kongers, and mainland Chinese. They found that in Hong Kong, local applicants receive the highest callback rate, followed by mainland Chinese, and then Anglo-Saxon applicants, regardless of their gender. The findings counter existing literature and suggest white privilege and colonial legacy is not visible in the hiring for college graduate positions in the financial industries. Instead, language (Cantonese) fluency and business ties to China are of greater importance to employers/HR in Hong Kong’s finance-related industries. In other words, white privilege may still hold true in socio-cultural spheres or everyday interactions, but the effects can be mediated by Cantonese language proficiency when it comes to hiring practices.
Rationalization of belonging: Transnational community endurance
Authors: Velitchkova Ana
Published: November 2020

Contemporary thinkers are pessimistic about the endurance of transnational communities. The deviant case of the century-and-a-half-old transnational Esperanto community features a process that can explain transnational community survival: rationalization. Rationalization manifests in Esperantists reproducing a form of community logic integrating symbols, principles (justifications, values, etc.), communication practices and technologies, and organization centered on the Esperanto language. The Esperanto language and community logic enable unifying Esperanto activities across space and time. The Esperanto case suggests that community rationalization and language rationalization – an element thereof – are global phenomena integral to modernity. Having affected communities and language too, rationalization as a global process appears to be more extensive than previously suggested. Transnational communities can endure as manifestations of a global community institutional order organizing social life alongside but largely independently of nation-states, science, professions, and religion.