bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrapancreatic Peristaltic Duodenal Duplication Cyst; Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis and Intraabdominal Bleeding
Authors: Kalın Sevinç , Akış Yıldız Zeliha , Hasbal Akkuş Canan , Erdoğan Seher , Atay Gürkan , Tosun İlkay , İlçe Zekeriya , Sözeri Betül
Published: September 2022

Congenital anomalies and variations should be kept in mind when evaluating diseases in the pediatric patient group. A 12 years old girl presented with findings of acut abdomen. Clinical and laboratory data were consistent with acute pancreatitis. Imaging findings showed a peristaltic cystic tissue with a thick wall and central lumen in the head of the pancreas. In the operation, it was shown that this cystic lesion was associated with the accessory pancreatic duct and had no duodenal connection. In the pathology report, the presence of duodenal intestinal tissue compatible with a duplication cyst located in the head of the pancreas was proven. By sharing this rare case, keeping in mind the underlying congenital anomalies in any pathology in children and emphasizing the importance of ultrasonographic dynamic real-time examination in abdominal imaging.
The Visa Regime
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi
Published: September 2022

Chapter 1 lays out the history of Asian migration to the United States with particular focus on Indian migration. The analysis points to the social, economic, and cultural forces in India that lead to the out-migration of tech workers and nurses. It traces the mechanisms of global export of the highly skilled labor force from Indian multinational corporations—mechanisms of export that facilitate the steady flow of professional workers to the Global North. The chapter also offers a description of the processes involved in the recruitment process of Indian tech workers by US companies and Indian nurses in the US health care system, the procedures to procure H-1B visas, and the legal entanglements of each of the types of visas held by the participants of this study.
Tracing State Violence, Resistance and Memory in Kurdish Cinema
Authors: YİLMAZ Tebessüm
Published: September 2022

Kurdish cinema provides a multitude of narrative contexts for social inquiry. This article focuses on the interlocking role of Kurdish cinema in constituting and bearing Kurdish cultural and collective memories. By focusing on three films, Bêdengî / Silence (2010), Future Lasts Forever (2011), and Dengê Bavê Min / My Father’s Voice (2012), I explore how state violence and resistance are depicted, represented, and reflected on in the Kurdish filmmaking scenes. I argue that Kurdish cinema makes ‘non-existing’ and ‘invisible’ Kurdish bodies visible and commits them to collective memories. Through a multi-layered analysis of these films, I showcase how the Kurdish experiences and memories of gendered state violence are visually recorded, preserved, and transmitted beyond spatial and temporal boundaries and how different subject positions and subjectivities are produced and represented. By highlighting the multidirectional and multilayered aspects of memory, I portray the entangled practices of state violence. Finally, this article shows that Kurdish cinema provides victims, survivors, and witnesses a space to vocalize their demands and needs by making storytelling possible. At the same time, it implicates the ‘silent audience’ and reminds it of its ethical and political responsibilities in the historical continuity of state violence.
​Treatment of Diabetes with a Medicinal Plant “Citrullus colocynthis” in Wistar Rats
Authors: Sansri Soraya , Kalbaza Ahmed Yacine , Bairi Abd El Madjid
Published: September 2022

Background: Citrullus colocynthis is a plant of the Cucurbitaceous family, native to arid soils. Coloquine is common in humid and moderately dry tropical regions in Algeria. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro anti-free radical activity of C. colocynthis fruit extract on diabetic rats by the evaluation of the impact of these extracts on eight (08) blood parameters. Methods: Following a daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of Alloxan to healthy Wistar Albinos rats (diabetes induction), intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kgp.c of cucurbitacin glycosides was carried out. The treatment effect was monitored by assessment of eight blood parameters. Result: Intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of cucurbitacins glycosides of C. colocynthis exhibited significant antidiabetic, anti-hyperureimia, anti-proteinemia, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-hypercholesterolemia activity on Alloxan induced diabetic Wistar laboratory rats. These extracts also showed improvement in lipid, protein, creatinine and urea profile. In perspective more thorough investigations are required to unravel the process behind direct control of type II diabetes.
Monoclonal Antibody based Blocking ELISA for Diagnosis of Brucellosis
Authors: Durairajan R. , Murugan M. , Ramesh J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Porcine brucellosis is a contagious and emerging zoonosis but neglected in most of the endemic countries including India. The disease in pigs is rarely reported due to non-availability of diagnostics or major focus is on bovine brucellosis. Hence, the necessity was felt to diagnose porcine brucellosis by Monoclonal antibody based ELISA, RBPT and STATS for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies and to record spatial seroprevalence of porcine brucellosis in the country. Methods: The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT) and Bru Alert monoclonal antibody based c-ELISA was employed to screen 148 sera samples for the presence of Brucella antibody. Result: A total 148 samples were collected and tested, the overall prevalence of Brucella infection in pig was 43.2% per cent (64/148) by C-ELISA followed by RBPT 40% (60/148) and STAT 25% (40/148) in the study area comparatively high seropositivity was found in female animals. The agreement between the two test was excellent (Kappa = 0.167) and also, chisquare test indicated an evidence of strong diagnostic weapon for detection of swine brucellosis.
Immunohistochemical Evalution of Endoglin (CD 105) as Angiogenic Endothelial Marker of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs
Authors: Kumar V. , Ramesh S. , Thangathurai R. , Parthiban M. , Ramprabhu R. , Rao G.V. Sudhakar
Published: September 2022

Background: Angiogenesis is the process of using existent vascular bed to form new blood vessels. Neoangiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer for tumour progression and metastasis. Microvessel density (MVD) is a powerful prognostic tool in oncology for assessing the tumour vasculature. Endoglin (CD 105) is a specific marker for activated endothelium. The present research intends to investigate the prognostic and metastatic potential of Endoglin (CD 105) and immunohistochemical expression in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: Totally, 15 SCC were collected from the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirunelveli during a one year period. The tumours were histopathologically identified as different grades. Immunohistochemically analysed with Endoglin (CD 105) and Peritumoural microvessel density and intratumourl microvessel density (PTMVD and ITMVD) were calculated using the “hot spot method”. Result: All the cases were positive for CD 105 and were strongly stained with both peritumoural and intratumoural blood vessels. Among the different types of SCC, Grade III had the highest values of microvessel density. The study concluded that different grades have different MVD values within SCC cases, thereby reflecting the behaviour of neoplasms directly. Endoglin (CD 105) is one of the best endothelial markers to determine MVD because it aids to assess the prognostic and metastatic potential of tumours and it plays a significant role in the estimation of overall survival period after surgery.
Shards from a Wooden Shoe Shop: Religious Experience, Historical Change, and Suzuki Daisetsu
Authors: Ketelaar James E.
Published: September 2022

The Myōkōnin are a distinctive group of devout Buddhist practitioners in Japan. Their history can be traced to the mid-Tokugawa period, generally associated with the Pure Land tradition, and over the centuries hundreds have been identified as belonging to this group. After a review of this history, with a particular look at its affective aspects and the history of the major chronicle of its members, the Myōkōninden, this article shows how early ideas associated with the Myōkōnin were taken up, and extended by Suzuki Daisetsu in the mid-twentieth century as part of his world historical arguments for a new Japanese-inspired form of self-realization appropriate to the postwar world.
Constructing Identities through the Shikoku Pilgrimage
Authors: Reader Ian
Published: September 2022

The Shikoku pilgrimage has, until very recently, seen significant growth in pilgrim numbers and appears, as such, to provide a counter-example to the general trend evident in surveys and studies of declining engagement in religious practices in Japan. However, two caveats are needed here: numbers have started to fall in the last decade, and those doing the pilgrimage have often in recent times viewed their pilgrimages as journeys of self-discovery in which identity is paramount and faith is irrelevant or explicitly denied. In addition, the pilgrimage has been promoted by secular authorities as a signifier of regional and national cultural identity in order to develop Shikoku as a tourist destination, and boost the local economy. In this article, I explore these issues, drawing on fieldwork in Shikoku between 1984 and 2019 and on interviews with people—from pilgrims on foot to temple priests to regional government officials—involved in various ways with the pilgrimage. In discussing how identity construction is both a major factor in the motives of pilgrims and an aim of secular agencies seeking to promote the pilgrimage for nonreligious reasons, I examine what this means for studies of religion today through highlighting recent Japanese theoretical examinations of religion, pilgrimage, and tourism while discussing how the Shikoku example both fits with and provides critical counterarguments to their studies.
Effectiveness of Online Learning during the COVID -19 Pandemic in Mizoram
Authors: Lalduhawma L P , Thangmawia L , Hussain Jamal
Published: September 2022

Due to the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, most schools in Mizoram shifted to online learning platforms to continue with their academic activities. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire to identify the effectiveness of online learning. 356 students and 60 teachers from different secondary and higher secondary schools in Mizoram responded to this survey. To find the effectiveness of online learning, percentages were calculated to analyze the data and the mathematical consensus (Cns) were calculated. Students’ preferences and perceptions on various attributes of online classes were analyzed. The results indicated that most of the students and teachers were not quite ready to shift to online learning platforms. Bad internet connectivity, low data limits, slow data speed, demand for costly devices such as smart phones and related software and connectivity were problems faced in conducting online classes. It was found that the students preferred using smart phones to follow online classes, and mathematics was the most difficult subject to learn or teach in online classes.
Ectoparasite Detection in Culling Layer Hen That Sold at Wonokromo Market Surabaya City
Authors: SHOLIHAH NASHIHATUS , Bai Sherbina , Hidanah Sri , Koesoemo Wardhana Dhandy , Sunarso Agus , Hastutiek Poedji , Yuliani M.Gandul Atik
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research were to identify the species, prevalence, and predilection of ectoparasite in Culling Layer Hen at Wonokromo Market, Surabaya City. The research was conducted from March to May 2021 with total of 100 sample of chickens were examined by the skin and feather body region. Identification of ectoparasite was carried out at The Laboratory Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga using permanent mounting methods. The results showed, the species of ectoparasite that infest the culling layer hen were Menopon gallinae 21%, Lipeurus caponis 10%, Ornythonissus bursa 10%, and Dubininia melopsitacci 70%. Predilection of ectoparasite shows that M. gallinae were found in the head-neck, back, wings, and legs region. L. caponis was found in the head-neck, wings, and back region. O. bursa was found in the legs and tail region, and D. melopsitacci was found in the entire body of chicken, the head-neck, back, wings, abdomen, legs, and tail.
Religious Institution as Part of Social and Economic Sphere
Authors: Balabeikina O. , Dmitriev A. , Solodyankina E.
Published: September 2022

The subject of the article is the peculiarities of functioning of the structural components of the major religious institution, the identification and substantiation of the degree of its significance in the social and economic development of a country on the example of the Roman Catholic Church of Austria (RCCA). The aim of the work is a comprehensive characterization of manifestations of economic, social, culture-forming role of the leading religious organization at the national level, using the methods of processing statistical and empirical data adopted in economic and regional-confessional studies. It is shown that in Austria, since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a sharp decline in the number of persons who remain members of the national Christian Church. The RCCA has an annual quantitative loss in the number of parishioners: 1–1.5% of their total number. Over a 10-year period (2009–2019), the proportion of Catholic adherents in Austria has fallen from 62.2 to 56%, according to calculations based on official reports. In this study, the territorial concentration coefficient for the parishes of the RCC was calculated and gave a relatively low value, indicating the accessibility of Catholic parishes to the population in various regions of Austria in terms of social and other activities organized on their premises. This indicator remains stable over time. The RCCA is currently represented in the country by a dense network of parishes (3014 as of 2019). The basis of the church-administrative territorial division at the regional level consists of two archdioceses and seven dioceses, the boundaries of which fully coincide with the federal states of Austria. This fact allows us to raise the question of the degree of influence of RCCA structures on the development of individual regions of the country, including through the implementation of socially significant activities, partially duplicating state functions that receive budgetary funding. The RCCA also has a traditional focus on social responsibility for Christian national churches in Europe, which is related to facilitating the adaptation of migrants. Activities contributing to this goal include German as a foreign language courses in individual parishes, temporary housing, employment assistance, etc. The model of development of the confessional space in Austria, where the leading role is played by the national RCC, has a number of distinctive characteristics that condition and confirm the high importance of the religious institution in the social and economic development of the state. The presented experience of Austria can be useful for the leadership of religious organizations in Russia, European and other countries, where the leading civilizational basis is the Christian religion.
Expression and Signaling Pathways of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) And Pro-NGF in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Arcuri Domenico , Vozzo Francesca , Malvaso Antonio , Montesanto Alberto , Maletta Raffaele
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer represents the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Thus, the prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer appears to be of primary urgency as well as the development of new treatments able to improve its prognosis. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal functions thought the binding to the Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and the Nerve Growth Factor receptor or Pan-Neurotrophin Receptor 75 (NGFR/p75NTR). Also, its precursor (pro-NGF) can extert biological activity by forming a trimeric complex with NGFR/p75NTR and sortilin or by binding to TrkA receptors with low affinity. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that NGF is synthesized and released by breast cancer cells and has mitogen, antiapoptotic and angiogenic effects on these cells through the activation of different signaling cascades that involve TrkA and NGFR/p75NTR receptors. Conversely, pro-NGF signaling has been related to breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Other studies suggested that NGF and its receptors could represent a good diagnostic and prognostic tool, as well as promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we comprehensively summarize and systematically review the current experimental evidence on this topic.
‘Law and…’ a New Perspective
Authors: Cati Matteo Maria
Published: September 2022

This paper reinterprets, differently from the existing literature, the relationship between law and economics not from the point of view of a lawyer-economist but rather from the point of view of an economist-mathematician, and it raises a methodological issue. To do so, some of the elements of the theory of sets are borrowed to argue that behavioral economics, its application to behavioral law and economics, and behavioral economists have generalized the pioneering work of Judge Calabresi, with reference to the famous books ‘Tragic Choices’ and ‘The Future of Law and Economics – Essays in Reform and Recollection’. Even if the usage of the theory of sets made in this paper is intuitive, some of its basics are reviewed in the appendix.
Counting in Cycles
Authors: Javorszky Karl
Published: September 2022

Counting in terms of cycles allows modeling many processes of Nature. We make use of a slight numerical incongruence within the numbering system to find a translational mechanism which connects sequential ↔ commutative properties of assemblies. The algorithms allow picturing the logical syntax Nature uses when reading the DNA. Ordering a collection on two different properties of its members will impose two differing sequences on the members. The coordinates of a point on a plane of which the axes are the sorting orders sidestep the logical contradiction arising from the different linear assignments. During a reorder, elements aggregate into cycles. Using an etalon collection of simple logical symbols (which are pairs of natural numbers), which we reorder, we see typical movement patterns along the path of the string of elements that are members of the same cycle. We split the {value, position} descriptions of a natural number and observe the places the unit occupies at specific instances of time among its peers, while being a member of a cycle, under different orders prevailing. One cannot lose a bet on the idea that sorting and ordering a collection of elementary logical elements will turn up typical patterns and that these archetypes of patterns will be of interest to Theoretical Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information Theory, and some other fields, too.
Anthropology of Arts: An Analysis of Samabalpuri Textile in Odisha
Authors:   *Professor **Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Acharya* Sabita , Swain** Liza ,   *Professor **Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Published: September 2022

This paper specifies propositions to explain the occurrence of Anthropology of Arts specifically Sambalpuri Ikat Textile in Odisha. It focuses one specific category of antecedents- Sambalpuri Ikat textile - Technique, Motifs and Designs and method of production of Ikat in Odisha. It covers five broad aspects work-related to Sambalpuri Ikat Textile in Odisha. These are History of Ikat Technique in Odisha , Specific Motifs and designs, weavers and their Background, Ikat Technique used for weaving Sambalpuri Fabrics, Uniqueness of Sambalpuri Fabrics. It specifies an integrated model that provides a comprehensive representation of Sambalpuri Ikat Textile in Odisha.
Local Knowledge Dynamics: Through an Overview of Indigenous Knowledge and its Trend with Prospective
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh., Majumder Nur Mohammad
Published: September 2022

This is in a nutshell review for understanding local knowledge dynamics through indigenous knowledge, including prevalent knowledge, which is combined of a diverse form of knowledge formal, informal and global knowledge systems. This review has been upheld indigenous knowledge, emphasizing the pieces of knowledge, illustrating the diverse source and extents of knowledge with practice. It also explained local, modern and the hybrid knowledge system with its past, present and future trend and potentiality with implementation of knowledge. The local knowledge dynamics portrayed the stance, structure and attributes of knowledge and nature of knowledge with recent diffusion process how it is connected to local way of life and conserve the interest of native people facing various societal and global constraints. This review provides a holistic idea of indigenous knowledge synthesizing the native phenomenon of farming, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, agroforestry, health, medicine and so on. It reveals the surrounding ecology and environment, how it is administered through local knowledge and practice, which is constructed on the basis of trial and error practice with prolong time.
Demographic Fluctuation among Himalayan Populations
Authors:   UGC-JRF Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India., Deepani Vijit , Saini Monika ,   UGC-SRF Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
Published: September 2022

Background: Himalayas constitute vast mountain range in Asia spreading over 2500 Km (from east to west) at a high altitude along the northern fringes of the Indian subcontinent. The population dynamics in Himalayan domain has been immensely influenced by the variations in climatic and topographic conditions. As a result, population trends in relation to several demographic parameters are observed as population growth varies across this immense geographical contour. Objective: The present study attempts to assess and compare several crucial demographic parameters of select population groups (tribes and caste groups) residing in Himalayan province so as to provide a comprehensive picture of their demographic profile. The variation in demographic variables has also been addressed in relation to socio-economic and biological attributes. Materials and Methods: Multiple demographic determinants viz., sex-ratio, index – of – ageing, age at marriage and menarche, crude birth rate, total fertility rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate are utilized to address demographic diversity in Himalayan population groups. Results: The sex ratio has been observed to be higher among reported population groups in Central Himalayas in comparison to Western and Eastern Himalayas. The measures of fertility – CBR, GFR and TFR – depict high values in certain population groups of Central Himalayas (Johar Bhotia, Rang Bhotia and Raji) in comparison to Western and Eastern province. Contribution: The present paper provides a comprehensive picture of the demographic profile among select Himalayan population groups. This will aid to understand the trend in demographic characteristics in the Himalayan province.
Tribal Needs and Expectations: National Policy for Education
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Tribal Studies, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India., Soni Amit
Published: September 2022

Education has been institutionalized in the form of formal education in the schools and higher educational institutions in the remote and tribal areas gradually with the changing educational policies and programmes in the independent India with the advent of developing educational infrastructure and awareness in the remote areas. This resulted in the gradual increase in the percentage of literacy rate. But, perhaps tribal groups, especially PVTGs, could not come up effectively in full pace with their cohabitants and become part of this developing change in their villages and surroundings, due to their situational demerits. Moreover, there is a need of reform in educational policy and system for tribal communities, especially PVTGs as per their cultural needs and expectations for increasing literacy rate along with better awareness and cultural sustainability. This paper deals with the issues related with the low level of literacy in Central India along with suggestions and suitable examples from the study area.
Estimation of Stature from Cephalo-facial Measurements in Adult Nepali Females of Kurseong
Authors:   M.Sc Student, Department of Anthropology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan – 731235, West Bengal, India., Bhattacharjee Debashis , Ratan Ghosh Jyoti ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan – 731235, West Bengal, India.
Published: September 2022

Estimation of stature is one of the most important aspects in forensic investigation for personal identification. The objective of the present study was to derive regression equations to estimate stature from different cephalofacial measurements in adult Nepali females. The sample for the study constituted one hundred and eight adult females from Kurseong of Darjeeling district, India. The age range of the participants was between 18 to 46 years. Anthropometric measurements include stature (ST) and five cephalo-facial measurements namely head length (HL), head breadth (HB), head circumference (HC), morphological facial height (MFH) and bizygomatic breadth (BB). The mean age of the studied population was 35.36 (SD, 8.57) years. Results of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of stature with different cephalo-facial measurements revealed that all cephalo-facial measurements were positively correlated with stature. Results of the linear regression analysis revealed that BBgives the most accurate estimation of stature by linear regression analysis.
Challenges of Rural Development in Kurung Kumey District of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, School of Human & Environmental Sciences, Saint Claret College, Ziro – 791120, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, Ramya Tame
Published: September 2022

Arunachal Pradesh, like other states of India is experiencing numerous development challenges. The development challenges are mainly concentrated in the rural areas of the state. The focal objective of this study is to examine the challenges of rural development in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 150 questionnaires were administered to collect data from the residents of the district. Interviews were also conducted with office staff in order to supplement the data from the questionnaire responses. It emerged from the study that development challenges in Kurung Kumey district are multi-layered. These challenges range from poor transport services, poor health facilities, poor educational facilities, limited electricity access, and shortage of markets for rural commodities. Based on the findings, a number of recommendations were suggested to lessen the impact of the challenges.
Implementation and Acceptance of Tribal Development Program: Status of Bastar
Authors:   Research Scholar School of Anthropology & Tribal Studies, Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh 494001, India., Salam Pankhudi , Kumar Kolay Swapan ,   Associate Professor & Head, School of Anthropology & Tribal Studies, Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh 494001, India.
Published: September 2022

Chhattisgarh has a tribal population of 32.45 percent (Census of India, 2011) [1]. Tribals are concentrated over nearly 65 percent of the states area, and this area covers seven districts entirely and another six districts partly. The state is home to several tribes small, large and even those nearing extinction in numbers and it presents among the most challenging scenario for human development anywhere in the country. Despite all, the Scheduled tribes, since ages, have been victims of socio-economic exploitation and have been relegated to low income generating occupations, inferior trades, unhealthy environment and unclean unskilled occupations and the majority of Scheduled Tribes continue to show socio-economic backwardness while the goals of tribal development has been pursued within the broad framework of overall development. With above background the objective of the study is to find out the status of the implementation objects of government and acceptance status of local tribal people towards tribal development program regarding literacy, educational status, health, women status and cultural protection norms etc. for this purpose both qualitative and quantitative research methods had been followed. The result shows that there is improvement of acceptance of tribal development program but there is still lacking a strong bridge between tribal development program and tribal people of Bastar.
Ancient Pravra River in Ahmednagar of Maharashtra in India
Authors:   B.A.(Economics), B.A.(Public Administration), Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, Delhi 110068, India., Sunil Mhaske Prabhat
Published: September 2022

In Maharashtra state of India Ahmednagar district is one of largest geographical district. Pravra River originates in Akole Taluka in the Deccan Hills on Harishchandra Harh. Pravra River is also known as “Amrutvahini” name related to mythological “Amrutmanthan ceremony”. This Pravra River has three tributaries - Mhalungi, Mula, Adhula. After journey of 208KM Pravra River merges with Godavari River at Pravra sangam. Pravra river is one of the ancient river near about 4500 years old shown by excavation sites at Jorvey, Daimabad, Newasa and very recently in Chandegaon three skeletons found whose study is going on [1].
Livelihood Patterns and Resource Management among Bangru Community of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar, Papum Pare District, Arunachal Pradesh 791113, India., Ramya Tame
Published: September 2022

Livelihood of a community comprises of the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. The economic life of the Bangru is based on shifting as well as terraced cultivation because of the geo-morphological condition of their habitat. The food deficit is supplemented by occasional hunting, fishing and forest collection. Within this backdrop, the present paper is aimed to discuss the livelihood patterns of the Bangru, a numerically weak and marginalised community located in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh. Based on extensive fieldworks, this paper also tries to underscore the utilization and management of natural resources like land, water and forest by this lesser-known community. Further it also deals with the diverse belief systems and resource perception of the Bangrus who are still having close linkages with nature.
Nutritional Assessment among Tribal Population of Gram Panchayat – Umariya Dadar, of District Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha, Maharashtra 442001, India., Kumar Sahu Prafull , Kumar Arun ,   Guest Faculty, Department of Anthropology, Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha, Maharashtra 442001, India.
Published: September 2022

The nutrition is essential to ensure healthy growth, strong immune system, neurological, cognitive development and proper organ formation and function among individual. The present study aims to assess the nutritional status among male tribal population of gram panchayat-Umariya Dadar, Bilaspur. To fulfill the objective of the present study subject were randomly selected individuals and measured for anthropometric characters and interviewed for the socio-demographic status. Worldwide nutritional assessment indicator body mass index used to assess the level of nutrition. The One Way ANOVAs test shows that the average value of somatometric measurements statistically different in-between age group. Among them, there are significant age and tribe differences found between nutritional statuses.
Understanding Women and Agriculture
Authors:   Student, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar 848125, India., Mishra Ishani
Published: September 2022

The argument of the article revolves around the issues of women which always have been an undervalued subject to the society. To make the argument secondary data have been used which are both qualitative and quantitative in nature that deals with their role, contribution and limitations.
Women’s education and empowerment in the Philippines: A community solution
Authors: Lanada Laro Amelyn
Published: September 2022

The Advocacy on Women’s Education and Empowerment (AWE) Project is a community action program based in the Philippines that was implemented after participation in the 2016 Community Solutions Fellowship for Global Leaders—a professional leadership development program for community leaders across the world that involves a four-month fellowship with a nonprofit organisation or local government agency in the United States. The inspiration for the AWE project was the Girls Getting Ahead in Leadership (GGAL) program of the Women’s Initiative for Self-Empowerment (WISE) in Minnesota. The AWE project empowers young women through a series of capacity building exercises, beginning with personal self-awareness, leadership development, conflict management, peace circles and gender and human rights. This provides opportunities for female social work students and young social workers to reach their full potential as gender and human rights advocates and leaders in the Philippines. This paper aims to highlight the role of social workers in gender and human rights advocacy at the local and international level, details the experiences, lessons and challenges of running a project which builds the capacity of young women, and promotes the role of higher educational institutions in building the skills and competence of future leaders.
World's First Installation of a Revolutionary Multi-Zone Stimulation Technique in Conglomerate Formation, Unlocking Reserves and Proving Significant Productivity Increase
Authors: Flikka Tore , Eek Arne , Solhaug Kristian , Jørgensen Thomas
Published: September 2022

Fishbones’ Multilateral Stimulation Drilling Technology (MSDT) was installed for the first time in two conglomerate formation wells in the Edvard Grieg field in 2021. The field is located in the Central North Sea. The objective when installing MSDT is to increase productivity by enhancing well connectivity to the reservoir. This paper will discuss the development of the technology and its qualification, as well as installation preparation and results.

The MSDT was developed in a Joint Industry Project (2012-2015) and has been installed in sandstone reservoirs with good results. To optimize drilling in conglomerate formation, further drill bit development was required. Enhancements to the drilling needle design was also undertaken to cope with the abrasiveness of the specific drilling fluid. Following successful development programs (2018-2020), the MSDT system was installed in two infill wells. In total, 53 and 61 MSDT subs were deployed with the 5.5" liner creating 159 and 183 laterals, respectively. The MSDT was integrated with Inflow Control Device (ICD) screens and swellable packers to constitute the total completion in the reservoir.

Following the product development, full-scale testing programs and detailed well planning by allparties involved, the installations took place in Q2 2021. The MSDT ICD screen liners were deployed to Total Depth (TD) according to the plans. Pumping operations were executed to drill the MSDT laterals, with pressure responses indicating good extension of the needles.

The first infill well equipped with MSDT came on stream in June 2021 demonstrating excellent performance, and well productivity significantly greater than the pre-drill prognosis. The production from the second well commenced in December 2021, also delivering excellent productivity.

This paper will provide the details of the technology development and its limitations, reservoir challenges and completion design, as well as results, future improvements and plans for its implementation

First time use of MSDT in conglomerate formation creates a potential game changer for productivity enhancement in tight heterogeneous reservoirs globally. In addition to increased productivity, the MSDT offers a solution that reduces the carbon footprint by the elimination of stimulation vessels and reduced rig time compared to conventional stimulation techniques.
Contingency Management During Clean-Up Operations in Deep Water Environments
Authors: Theuveny Bertrand , Shumakov Yakov , Akbayev Beibit
Published: September 2022

Clean-up and well start-up operations are often considered as routine operations. This paper provides insights on the proper planning processes to manage several potential contingencies during the initial flow of new wells in deep water environments. Examples of ill-planned operations quantify the downtime, reservoir damage and permanent productivity impairments.

A review of the last 25 years of operations in deep water in various regions from the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Angola, East African, India, and Black Sea has led to a significant enhancement of the planning processes and execution techniques of initiating and displacing completion fluids out of the well bores. A weighed ranking of the individual causes of operational unconformities provides a prioritization of the necessary contingency plans that need to be addressed. They rank from MetOcean challenges (wind, heave, rain) to human induced activities or to well, reservoir or fluids "surprises".

The key to the success of these operations lies mainly in the early determination of the mitigation's procedures. Unplanned shut-in during the early part of the clean-up (less than three hours) can lead to significant back flow of unwanted fluids to the formation and potential damage to the near well bore zone. The initial step of the process involves the ranking of the potential disruption that could occur in the specific operating area/fluid/geology settings. Next, the proposed methodology involves the systematic utilization of transient well bore models coupled with a near well bore model to simulate the various scenarios that may affect the flow. Sensitivities on parameters uncertainties or operational flexibility enable the determination of the worst-likely case scenario and for each of these (or combinations of), a workaround / contingency solution is virtually tested and verified. The cost/benefits of each contingency plan are evaluated and mapped in a traditional risk/frequency matrix. As a support to the well clean-up/start-up, an expected pressure / temperature / rate history is provided with dynamically set high and low alarm levels to enhance the governance of any operational unconformities. Real time monitoring of downhole and surface information allows the confirmation of the status of the clean-up/flowback at all time, and reduces the number of potential contingencies as the well is getting more and more cleaned-up.

The paper provides a novel approach to define the global efficiency of clean-up and allows a computation of the environmental footprint of the operation and its contribution in terms of carbon intensity. Wells have been cleaned-up since the beginning of the petroleum industry.
Application of Natural Language techniques in Reservoir Management Framework
Authors: Vimercati Silvia , Vignati Emanuele , Mariotti Pamela , Severino Sabatino , Raimondi Lorenzo , Onzaca Christian
Published: September 2022

Reservoir Management requires the definition of a strategy that analyzes the risk assessment to identify surveillance activities and corrective measures. In Eni, a best practice has been established to regulate this strategy through the Reservoir Management Plan (RMP). This paper will present the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies to improve the definition of RMP. Results will be discussed, highlighting benefits and advantages in extracting cross-document information and running comparisons between different RMPs.

Natural Language Processing refers to the branch of computer science concerned with the ability to understand text and spoken words, like human beings. NLP algorithms have been applied to RMPs to pull structured information adding useful numerical data. The main strategy for managing unstructured data, re-elaborating information upon specific request and implementing cross-document queries are discussed. Hundreds of RMP documents have been collected, hoarding extensive information in compartmentalized storages. NLP algorithms can be applied to unlock this hidden potential by capitalizing lessons learnt between Business Units and partaking the experiences acquired in similar assets.

The information extracted from unstructured data includes insights on well and reservoir surveillance activities and corrective measures in different assets. A tool has been developed to enable a rapid screening of the key parameters in different assets, highlighting how similar risks can be mitigated. The tool analyzes documents and forms, looking for data and relationships among entities in the text. In particular, the NLP model extracts tables, table cells, and the items within and returns JSON formatted results.

This task is performed by using open-source NLP libraries and custom logic, in order to adapt common algorithms to RMP application. The procedure is orchestrated by a cloud based ETL (Extract Transform and Load) and data integration service to create workflows for moving and transforming data.

The workflow is scheduled and executed for each RMP document collected. Insights are collected and presented in a dashboard. Two main applications will be discussed to present the additional value brought by NLP algorithms in Reservoir Management. The mitigation strategies and relevant lessons learnt from analogues can be efficiently collected, analyzed and integrated in the planning and scheduling of reservoir management activities.

To the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents the first successful implementation of NLP techniques to Reservoir Management. Natural Language Processing algorithms allow unstructured data to be searched, organized and mined, highlighting the strength of combining data and leveraging the main insights without having to read through all the RMP documents.
System Engineering Recommendations to Improve Intelligent Completions
Authors: Nelson Ron , Handley Eric , Joubran Jonathon , Musayev Rashid , Patel Dhwani
Published: September 2022

This paper compiles recommendations from a broad range of sources into a single document to aid future intelligent completion installations and operations. While emphasis was placed on subsea completions, these recommendations can be readily applied to differing well types. Important differences between production wells and injection wells are addressed.

While it may appear that intelligent completion equipment can be treated as "commodity items" like many other completion components, this is not recommended. Intelligent completions are complex systems with design and operational requirements that span many engineering disciplines and impact many well components. Changing well temperatures and reservoir pressures generate unique and sometimes very challenging design conditions, with thermally-induced pressure gains in the control lines being an example. Failing to address all load cases, selecting the wrong control fluid, failing to properly clean even a single component, or employing the wrong operating practice even once, can permanently risk the integrity and/or operability of the intelligent completion.

This paper reviews each component within the intelligent completion and details a systemic approach for identifying risk and optimizing its design. The recommended process starts with the control fluid and methodically works through the rest of the intelligent completion components and processes. Systems engineering can lead to important insights to overall system specification, risks, and operating recommendations. Numerous recommendations and learnings from past projects are shared.

Additionally, the need to properly manage and operate the intelligent completion doesn't end with handover to Production. Recommendations for optimizing system longevity and diagnosing non-conformances are also provided.

A spreadsheet-based method of accurately assessing pressure gains in control lines is described, as are several recommended additions to the tree and other parts of the intelligent completion system. Explanations for anomalous behavior seen on several projects, which become clearer through the lens of systems engineering, are shared.
Principles and Advantages of High-Power Lasers for Descaling Surface Equipment
Authors: San Roman Alerigi Damian Pablo , Mutairi Saad , Batarseh Sameeh , Assiri Wisam
Published: September 2022

This work examines the physical principles and effects of high-power laser (HPL) descaling of surface equipment. This contactless technique can fully remove sulfide or calcium carbonate scale without compromising the integrity of the substrate. The method is environmentally friendly, waterless, and energy efficient. It could do away with chemical and mechanical methods for descaling, which have shown low efficiency treating fully-plugged deposits and environmental risks due to chemical use. This paper describes the process through an analysis of its efficiency and impact on the substrate material, the environment, and the implications to production reliability.

HPL descaling is described by a multiphysics approach that involves thermal and mechanical processes. The laser causes a phase-change on all or some of the constituents of the scale. This interaction results in spallation, dissociation, and at high energy sublimation. Laser-matter interaction is precise. It produces a small heat affected zone (HAZ) that decays exponentially away from the illuminated area. Thus, the effect of the laser on the surrounding material is minimal to none. Ultrasonic, multi-spectral imaging, microscopy, and statistical analysis are used to analyze the effect of the laser on the substrate material. The environmental impact of the HPL process is compared to existing methods; it is calculated via the carbon intensity of each step and supporting equipment involved in the processes, as well as by its impact to material reuse, waste reduction, and recycling.

Scaling can be detrimental to oil and gas production because it may hinder the flow of fluids from and to the well. In surface systems, scale deposits reduce the internal diameter of equipment, thus limiting flow-rate capacity and causing pressure drops across the production network. From a physics perspective, the process is effective because the energy can be delivered with extreme precision on the target. The efficiency of the process depends on the coupling of the HPL with the target and the rate of debris evacuation. The physics are complex but can be optimized through machine learning (e.g. reinforcement learning). The results of the comprehensive characterization demonstrate that HPL descaling preserves the integrity of the substrate. HPL descaling could increase the lifetime of surface equipment affected by scale, and hence contribute to reuse and recycling.

The adverse effects of scaling make prevention and removal crucial to the energy industry. Existing methods of scale-removal rely on mechanical or chemical scrubbing, which show varying degrees of success and may deteriorate the substrate. HPL descaling is an environmentally-friendly solution for production reliability; it enables complete descaling and the safe reuse or recycling of scaled equipment.