bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Before Letting Go
Authors: Burns Carole
Published: August 2014

The Fall 2014 issue of Ploughshares, edited by Percival Everett. Ploughshares, a journal of new writing, is guest-edited serially by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles. Acclaimed novelist and short-story writer Percival Everett ( Erasure , I Am Not Sidney Poitier ) guest-edits this all-fiction issue. As Everett writes in his introduction, the stories “range from so-called mimetic to so-called meta. I do not like such labels and I hope to undermine their use by putting these fine works together.” Authors experiment with everything from extensive footnotes to shifting points of view, and narratives run from a husband who can’t stop crying (Nick Arvin’s “The Crying Man”) to a super-sophisticated domestic robot learning the ways of a Japanese family (“I, Kitty,” by Karen Tei Yamashita). Featuring stories by Aimee Bender, Richard Bausch, and Edith Pearlman, this issue is an illustration of the adventurousness and variety of the short story in English today. The issue also features Jay Baron Nicorvo’s Plan B essay about surfing, and an appreciation of the early work of the poet Robert Duncan.
About Percival Everett: A Profile by Anthony Stewart
Authors: Stewart Anthony
Published: August 2014

The Fall 2014 issue of Ploughshares, edited by Percival Everett. Ploughshares, a journal of new writing, is guest-edited serially by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles. Acclaimed novelist and short-story writer Percival Everett ( Erasure , I Am Not Sidney Poitier ) guest-edits this all-fiction issue. As Everett writes in his introduction, the stories “range from so-called mimetic to so-called meta. I do not like such labels and I hope to undermine their use by putting these fine works together.” Authors experiment with everything from extensive footnotes to shifting points of view, and narratives run from a husband who can’t stop crying (Nick Arvin’s “The Crying Man”) to a super-sophisticated domestic robot learning the ways of a Japanese family (“I, Kitty,” by Karen Tei Yamashita). Featuring stories by Aimee Bender, Richard Bausch, and Edith Pearlman, this issue is an illustration of the adventurousness and variety of the short story in English today. The issue also features Jay Baron Nicorvo’s Plan B essay about surfing, and an appreciation of the early work of the poet Robert Duncan.
Introduction
Authors: Everett Percival
Published: August 2014

The Fall 2014 issue of Ploughshares, edited by Percival Everett. Ploughshares, a journal of new writing, is guest-edited serially by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles. Acclaimed novelist and short-story writer Percival Everett ( Erasure , I Am Not Sidney Poitier ) guest-edits this all-fiction issue. As Everett writes in his introduction, the stories “range from so-called mimetic to so-called meta. I do not like such labels and I hope to undermine their use by putting these fine works together.” Authors experiment with everything from extensive footnotes to shifting points of view, and narratives run from a husband who can’t stop crying (Nick Arvin’s “The Crying Man”) to a super-sophisticated domestic robot learning the ways of a Japanese family (“I, Kitty,” by Karen Tei Yamashita). Featuring stories by Aimee Bender, Richard Bausch, and Edith Pearlman, this issue is an illustration of the adventurousness and variety of the short story in English today. The issue also features Jay Baron Nicorvo’s Plan B essay about surfing, and an appreciation of the early work of the poet Robert Duncan.
Structure and Dynamics of an Old-Growth Pine-Oak Community in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, Georgia, U.S.A.
Authors: Petruccelli Christopher A. , Sakulich John , Harley Grant L. , Grissino-Mayer Henri D.
Published: August 2014

Investigando la composición y estructura de los bosques de viejo crecimiento proporciona información acerca de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de los procesos responsables de desarrollo del rodal, la sucesión y los patrones biogeográficos de los bosques. Este estudio cuantifica la estructura rodal en la reserva de bosque Marshall, un remanente de bosque de viejo crecimiento situada en el noroeste de Georgia. Establecimos parcelas de inventario forestal para cuantificar la composición de especies, la estructura rodal y la dinámica sucesional. También analizamos los patrones de crecimiento radial de los árboles para documentar la edad del rodal, el reclutamiento y la frecuencia de perturbación del dosel dentro de la reserva. El bosque era dominó por el pino de hoja corta (Pinus echinata Mill.) y el castaño de roble (Quercus montana Willd.), mientras que el arce rojo (Acer rubrum L.) y la nuez dura de mockernut (Carya tomentosa Nutt.) eran abundantes en el sotobosque. Pino de hoja corta fue la especie de árbol más antiguo en la reserva, con los mas viejos excediendo 220 años de edad. Un patrón sucesional clara desarrolló sobre del siglo 20 con el establecimiento de la nuez dura y arce después de pino y roble. El agente principal de perturbación del dosel en el siglo 20 fue tormentas de hielo, que en general resultaron en la supresión del crecimiento radial de los pinos y el aumento en el crecimiento radial de los robles. Además, los pulsos de establecimiento sotobosque coincidieron con grandes tormentas de hielo. La falta de perturbación del sotobosque como el fuego puede estar permitiendo el establecimiento de especies tolerantes a la sombra de sotobosque mientras limitar el establecimiento de pino y roble. La perturbación del dosel por causa de las tormentas de hielo puede estar acelerando el ritmo de este cambio composicional. Bajo el régimen de perturbación actual, la composición de la reserva es probable que cambie, lo que lleva a un aumento de arce rojo y nuez dura de mockernut y una disminución de las especies de pino y roble.
A Tale of Mice and Men: The WPA, the LSU Indian Room Museum, and the Emergence of Professional Archaeology in the U.S. South
Authors: Potter Amy E. , Delyser Dydia , Saunders Rebecca
Published: August 2014

Los fondos de alivio federal distribuidos durante de la gran depresión proporcionaron un apoyo sin precedente para la arqueología en los Estados Unidos, resultando en una nueva comprensión de las formas de vida del los nativos americanos en el sureste. En última instancia, estos fondos llevaron a los estudios arqueológicos robustos en el estado de Louisiana y al establecimiento de un departamento interdisciplinario de geografía y antropología de la Universidad Estatal de Louisiana (LSU). El conocimiento obtenido de las excavaciones se compartió con el público a través de la creación de un museo, conocido cariñosamente como el Indian Room , ubicado en el Departamento de Geografía y Antropología. En este artículo, relacionamos la historia del desarrollo del museo, contestando a una llamada creciente en la disciplina para prestar más atención a la geografía del museo. Utilizando el enfoque del archivo desordenado de Hayden Lorimer y Chris Philo, discutimos también cómo los proyectos de alivio de la depresión llevaron a la aparición de la arqueología profesional, la formación resultante de un departamento a la Universidad Estatal de Louisiana y la transformación permanente del museo.
The Geography of Non-Earned Income in the Piedmont Megapolitan Cluster
Authors: Debbage Keith G. , Bereitschaft Bradley , Beaver Edward
Published: August 2014

En este artículo identificamos los factores que pueden haber contribuido a las tendencias espaciales y temporales en el ingreso no ganado (NEI) dentro de los 121 condados del grupo piedemonte megapolitano (PMC). También evaluamos los impactos de la Gran Recesión en NEI, centrándose en las diferencias en NEI entre condados metropolitanos y no metropolitanos desde 2007 a 2011. NEI exhibió una fuerte relación nucleo-periferia, con los condados urbanos del nucleo, y los que tienen las universidades de investigación, exhibiendo una proporción mas grande de NEI desde dividendos, intereses y rentas (DIR) y una menor proporción de NEI de los pagos desde transferencias públicas (TP). El porcentaje de la población con un título de licenciatura fue el pronóstico dominante de las altas proporciones entre DIR y TP a nivel del condado. La Gran Recesión resultó en la reducción en DIR y el aumento en TP entre la mayoría de los condados de PMC; sin embargo, los condados metropolitanos experimentaron a los aumentos más significativos en TP.
Challenges and Opportunities for Southeast Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Perspectives from State Climatologists
Authors: Knox Pam , Fuhrmann Chris , Konrad Chip
Published: August 2014

La agricultura es uno de los sectores económicos más susceptibles al clima y la variabilidad climática. En el sureste de los EE. UU. la producción agrícola está muy extendida y diversa, por lo que es una fuente importante de comercio. Como resultado, los miembros de la comunidad del clima han obtenido una amplia experiencia de trabajo con los agricultores y agentes de extensión para hacer frente a su sensibilidad a la variabilidad y el cambio climático. Un grupo de personas que se ha establecido una relación antigua con la comunidad agrícola es los climatólogos estatales. En este estudio, los climatólogos estatales provenientes de seis estados del sureste eran entrevistado para evaluar los desafíos y oportunidades enfrentado por el sector agrícola, particularmente en tratar con la variabilidad climática actual y los potenciales cambios futuros al clima. Sobre la base de sus experiencias, la combinación de condiciones climáticas favorables, amplios recursos hídricos y la diversidad de la producción agrícola se hace que el sudeste de los EE. UU. es único en su capacidad de adaptación a la variabilidad climática actual y los potenciales cambios futuros en el clima.
Peoples’ Perceptions of Housing Market Elements in Knoxville, Tennessee
Authors: Sharma Madhuri
Published: August 2014

Este artículo examina el papel de la raza/etnia y los elementos del mercado de viviendas contemporáneas en Knoxville, Tennessee, usando el marco del mercado encabezada por pluralismo (M-LP) según lo establecido en Brown y Chung (2008). El examina cómo la raza y la clase afectan las decisiones de los consumidores sobre dónde vivir y con quién vivir. El M-LP sugiere que en el centro del todo del dinamismo son cinco elementos—los desarrolladores de las viviendas y los constructores, los prestamistas, los corredores de bienes raíces, los consumidores y las comunidades—y que en la época contemporánea, el papel de la clase es más importante que la raza o la cultura cuando se toman decisiones de compra de vivienda. Este trabajo analiza las respuestas y percepciones de veinte hogares en Knoxville, y encuentra que las respuestas a la encuesta no indican diferencias significativas en términos de las preferencias y opciones a través de razas/etnias. Sin embargo, las entrevistas profundas sacar a relucir perspicacias matizadas sobre aspectos de la dirección racial, la discriminación y las prácticas de prestando incobrable. Este análisis también pone de relieve cómo las percepciones del espacio y del lugar difieren como la orientación sexual, las afiliaciones culturales y políticas y responsabilidades diferenciadas por género se entrelazan unos con otros e influir en las decisiones de la gente sobre dónde vivir y con quién vivir.
Agribusiness, the Family Farm, and the Politics of Technological Determinism in the Post–World War II United States
Authors: Hamilton Shane
Published: August 2014

This historical political etymology of the term agribusiness (coined in 1955 by John H. Davis) traces the rise of a significant keyword in post–World War II American discourse. Contentious U.S. domestic farm politics of the 1950s shaped the discourse on agriculture and technology, producing a rhetorical context for Republican attacks on New Deal–era farm programs. This political climate produced new meanings for another relatively recent term, family farm —a phrase taken up by Democrats in the 1950s seeking to continue government oversight of the agricultural economy. Furthermore, technological determinism in American cold war political culture endowed agribusiness with lasting discursive power that signified—and too often justified—the seeming inevitability of a consumer-driven, technologically determined, corporate capitalist logic of food production and distribution.
Depersonalizing the Arcanum
Authors: Klein Ursula
Published: August 2014

The more formal education and training of technical experts was a characteristic feature of industrialization in continual Europe. Apart from the creation of new kinds of teaching institutions, it also involved the social establishment of new attitudes concerning craft secrecy. Until 1787, the arcanists and laboratory workers of the Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactory kept their expertise a personal (or private) secret. The subsequent depersonalization of the arcanum and its transformation into the property of the Manufactory was part of the Prussian state’s strategy to promote a new type of technical expert. This new expert would be adapted to the high degree of division of labor in modern manufactories. He would be knowledgeable, as well as willing to cooperate, to share knowledge, and to provide long-term service to the state. In the decades around 1800, “scientists” ( Naturforscher ) played an important role in educating and training the new type of technical experts.
The Geography of Radionavigation and the Politics of Intangible Artifacts
Authors: Rankin William
Published: August 2014

During the middle of the twentieth century, radionavigation systems became an important part of the built environment. They created a durable, semi-permanent spatial framework for a wide variety of tasks—everything from intercontinental air travel to new forms of high-precision surveying. This article argues that these systems constructed a new kind of transnational geography, well before satellites, and that large-scale spatial integration followed more from political failure and commercial competition than from the kind of topdown military politics later associated with GPS. The article also sees radio as one of a broad class of related phenomena— intangible artifacts —that are undoubtedly material, but only selectively visible, obstinate, or “thingy.” These artifacts share a particular spatial and temporal logic and have played a crucial role in the emergence of new forms of geographic power during the last hundred years.
Fashion, Tradition, and Innovation in Button Manufacturing in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Bettoni Barbara
Published: August 2014

Between the 1600s and 1700s, button production in Italy, traditionally oriented to the creation of precious items, was influenced by changes in taste and function that affected clothing and its accessories in the European panorama and pushed consumers toward less grand but more comfortable forms of luxury. After an introduction of this context, this article describes both the consequent increasing interdisciplinarity of Italian button-making—originally centered in the hands of goldsmiths and jewelers—and the geography of new forms of button production on the peninsula. Through several case studies concerning innovations—both in products and processes, especially in glass- and metalworking techniques—the article analyzes the way in which traditional technical skills, directed to the production of precious and long-lasting items, were reinterpreted in order to create a new material object—a button, whose form would change more quickly in this new market.
Not the Eads Bridge: An Exploration of Counterfactual History of Technology
Authors: Brown John K.
Published: August 2014

General readers enjoy counterfactual histories, “what if” scenarios that rewrite history. Academic historians seldom write explicit counterfactuals, despite their value in isolating the causes and contingencies that shaped events. Surprisingly, historians of technology have ignored this analytic tool, even though firms and engineers commonly considered alternative designs and actions while developing a product or technology. This article provides a “constrained counterfactual,” comparing two designs for bridges across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, both proposed in 1867: the Eads Bridge, and the Boomer/Post bridge. It covers three topics: exploring the conventional narratives on the Eads Bridge (completed in 1874); comparing the Eads design to that of the Boomer/Post alternative; and offering a counterfactual service life for that proposed crossing. The article seeks to isolate why James Eads’s design and his company succeeded, and to show the analytic value of counterfactuals for historians of technology.
Dossier Reviews: Acting & Performance
Authors: Bird Caine , Cohen Rebecca , Hall Samuel , Hann Lloyd , Kirkland Jodie , Playle Jade , Russell Laurence , Saxby Natasha , Wall Yasmin , Watson Matty , Williams Claire
Published: August 2014

Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012) USA Director Benh Zeitlin Runtime 93 minutes

The Sessions (2012) USA Director Ben Lewin Runtime 95 minutes

Lincoln (2012) USA Director Steven Spielberg Runtime 150 minutes

Les Misérables (2012) USA Director Tom Hooper Runtime 158 minutes

Argo (2012) USA Director Ben Affleck Runtime 120 minutes

The Master (2012) USA Director Paul Thomas Anderson Runtime 144 minutes

Amour (2012) France Director Michael Haneke Runtime 127 minutes

Flight (2012) USA Director Robert Zemeckis Runtime 138 minutes

Django Unchained (2012) USA Director Quentin Tarantino Runtime 165 minutes

Zero Dark Thirty (2012) USA Director Kathryn Bigelow Runtime 157 minutes

Silver Linings Playbook (2012) USA Director David O. Russell Runtime 122 minutes
“Take Two” Reviews Film
Authors: Lyne Jenny , Urosevic Alexandra
Published: August 2014

The Impossible (2012) Spain Director Juan Antonio Bayona Runtime 113 minutes

The Impossible (2012) Spain Director Juan Antonio Bayona Runtime 113 minutes
Reviews Books
Authors: Eyrenci Duygu , Gibson Brooke , Hardman-Cobb James , Menjivar Jaime Carlos , Sitterding Lawson , Woodell Taylor S.
Published: August 2014

Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back Harvey O’Brien, (2012) New York: Columbia University Press, 160 pp., ISBN: 9780231163316 (pbk), $20.00; ISBN: 978023185022 (e-book), $15.99

Haunted Images: Film, Ethics, Testimony and the Holocaust Libby Saxton, (2008) London: Wallflower, 162 pp., ISBN: 9781905674350 (pbk), $28.00

Tokyo Cyberpunk: Post-humanism in Japanese Visual Culture Stephen T. Brown, (2010) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 256 pp., ISBN: 9780230103603 (pbk), $28.00

Buster Keaton’s Silent Shorts 1920–1923 James L. Neibaur and Terri Niemi, (2013) Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 253 pp. ISBN: 9780810887404 (hbk), $60.00

An Improvised Life: A Memoir Alan Arkin, (2011) Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 191 pp., ISBN: 9780306819667 (pbk), $17.00

Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds: A Manipulation of Metacinema Robert von Dassanowsky, ed., (2012) New York: Continuum, 307 pp., ISBN: 1441138699 (pbk), $24.95; ISBN: 9781441138217 (hbk), $80.00
Dossiê Educação Especial: perspectivas sobre políticas e processos de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Pletsch Marcia Denise , Lunardi Geovana Mendonça Mendes
Published: August 2014

Desde os anos 1990, os direitos sociais e educacionais de pessoas com deficiências e outras condições atípicas do desenvolvimento têm recebido atenção significativa nas políticas e nos investimentos financeiros por parte do Estado brasileiro. Nessa perspectiva, este dossiê apresenta resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas em diferentes estados do país, nos quais podemos identificar os impactos desses direitos em diretrizes políticas, currículos e processos de escolarização historicamente destinados para estes sujeitos, metodologias de pesquisa e recursos demandados para garantir tais direitos. Também indicam problemas e tensões que envolvem a formação de professores diante das demandas colocadas pela política de inclusão escolar. A este respeito, os estudos aqui apresentados revelam a multiplicidade de fatores que envolvem a elaboração e a implementação de políticas inclusivas em um país com enormes desigualdades sociais, mas, sobretudo, mostram a importância e a necessidade de propostas dessa natureza para garantir o reconhecimento da diversidade presente na sociedade e nas escolas brasileiras.
Implantação de programas de educação inclusiva em um município brasileiro: garantia de efetivação do processo ensino-aprendizagem?
Authors: Rebelo Andressa Santos , Kassar Mônica de Carvalho Magalhães
Published: August 2014

Neste artigo, propomo-nos a abordar a política de educação inclusiva em execução pelo governo federal brasileiro, com o objetivo de investigar se a implantação de programas pertinentes tem levado à garantia de efetivação do processo ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com deficiências. Para seu desenvolvimento, foi escolhido um município do interior do Brasil, considerado polo para a implantação de Programas, servindo de articulador e multiplicador das ações do Ministério da Educação para a região. Para a discussão sobre a garantia de efetivação do processo ensino-aprendizagem, foram analisados dados do Censo Escolar do município, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira – INEP. Verificou-se que, sob o impacto do discurso de inclusão, a região encerrou atividades de serviços públicos, como classes especiais, alegando serem espaços de segregação. No entanto, ainda mantém convênios (formais ou não) com instituições especializadas assistenciais, que continuam a integrar a rede de atendimento. Registrou-se, também, a concentração de matrículas de alunos com deficiências nos primeiros anos de escolaridade, indicando a não progressão escolar dessa população. Embora a rede pública de educação seja, atualmente, incumbida de assumir a escolaridade de toda a população, suas ações demonstram fragilidades quando verificadas as características da educação local.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO PESQUISADOR NA ANÁLISE DE DADOS DE ENTREVISTAS: UM ESTUDO NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL
Authors: Manzini Eduardo José , Glat Rosana
Published: August 2014

Representações Sociais São Valores e Ideias Socialmente compartilhadas e transmitidas POR UM Grupo de indivíduos. Este Artigo pretende Investigar Como uma Representação PODE Influenciar o Pesquisador na Análise de UMA Entrevista. Os Dados FORAM coletados com 28 Estudantes Opaco participavam de hum Curso sobre Análise de Entrevista. Estes FORAM Divididos Grupos los tres, CADA UM recebendo o MESMO UMA Trecho de Transcrição, porem com Diferentes caracterizações sobre o entrevistado. Para o Grupo 1, era hum Jovem Que havia estudado n'uma Escola pública; Pará o Grupo 2, o Sujeito havia estudado n'uma Escola especial parágrafo PESSOAS com Deficiência intelectual; e, par o Grupo 2, elemento havia estudado n'uma Escola particular. Aos Três Grupos was that solicitado realizassem uma Análise e entregassem hum Documento Escrito sobre um MESMA. Os Dados revelaram Opaco OS Estudantes realizaram sínteses Interpretativas, sínteses descritivas e Análise Temática. Como Interpretações dos Dados de Conteúdo indicaram Opaco OS Participantes fazer Grupo 1 e 3 atribuíram Representações negativas sobre o entrevistado e / ou sobre a Escola pública UO particular. Contrariamente, Participantes OS fazer Grupo 2, Que receberam uma DESCRIÇÃO de Opaco o entrevistado possuía Deficiência intelectual leve, atribuíram Representações Positivas sobre o entrevistado e sobre a Escola Especializada. A Conclusão indica uma necessidade de Formação Teórica e Prática parágrafos Jovens pesquisadores não Que se REFERÊ à Análise de Entrevistas parágrafo Opaco como Representações Localidade: Não criem Resultados enviesados. A comparação dos Resultados com hum Estudo semelhante anterior aponta UMA Possível Transformação NAS Representações sobre PESSOAS com Deficiência intelectual.
Currículo e Conhecimento Escolar na Contemporaneidade: Desafios para a Escolarização de Sujeitos com Defiência
Authors: Lunardi Mendes Geovana Mendonça , Silva Fabiany Cassia
Published: August 2014

Os desafios contemporâneos interrogam o currículo, em especial acerca de que conhecimento é valido como socialmente e cientificamente importante para ser ensinado. Enfrentar essa histórica pergunta do campo curricular parece ser fulcral quando, agregada a ela buscamos entender os processos de escolarização de sujeitos com deficiência. Imbuídos desse desafio, o presente texto apresenta um conjunto de reflexões decorrentes de pesquisas desenvolvidas ao abrigo de dois Grupos de Estudos e Pesquisas, os Observatório de Cultura Escolar(OCE) e o Observatório de Práticas Escolares(OPE). Objetivando explicitar contribuições advindas de diferentes processos de investigação, trabalha-se com o campo empírico a partir da perspectiva de um conjunto de evidências que são tomadas como mote para promover análises sobre as relações entre currículo e conhecimento escolar na contemporaneidade e  suas implicações para a escolarização de sujeitos com deficiência.
A escolarização de pessoas com deficiência intelectual no Brasil: da institucionalização às políticas de inclusão (1973-2013)
Authors: Pletsch Marcia Denise
Published: August 2014

O artigo discute a escolarização de pessoas com deficiência intelectual no Brasil no período de 1973 a 2013. Metodologicamente foram analisados documentos federais e dados de estudos etnográficos desenvolvidos em diferentes municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil, os quais foram cotejados com indicadores estatísticos e a literatura especializada produzida em cada época. O texto problematiza, entre outros aspectos,  prioritariamente três  dimensões. A primeira diz respeito às disputas pelo lócus de escolarização dessas pessoas travadas historicamente entre iniciativas de cunho filantrópico-privadas (majoritariamente segregacionistas) e públicas (focadas crescentemente em princípios inclusionistas a partir dos anos 1990). A segunda se refere à falta de diretrizes claras sobre as práticas curriculares a serem desenvolvidas pelos sistemas de ensino para garantir o desenvolvimento dos alunos, sobretudo daqueles considerados deficientes intelectuais graves. A terceira dimensão discorre sobre os problemas do suporte pedagógico, especialmente no Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), conforme prevê a legislação federal atualmente. Em síntese, os resultados indicam, entre outros aspectos, as contradições historicamente construídas na arena das disputas políticas no país. Igualmente revelam a fragilidade do sistema público para oferecer condições de identificação e promoção de práticas educativas, com suporte pedagógico, quando necessário, para a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento dessa população.
Políticas e práticas de educação inclusiva: condições e contradições no cotidiano de uma escola de ensino fundamental
Authors: Souza Flávia Faissal , Dainez Débora , Smolka Ana Luiza Bustamante , Scian Roberta Gomes , Hulshof Cristina
Published: August 2014

Neste artigo apresentamos algumas análises das contradições que marcam o trabalho no campo da educação inclusiva a partir de um projeto de pesquisa coletivo desenvolvido em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Campinas, SP, Brasil. Partindo dos pressupostos da perspectiva histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento humano problematizamos as condições de atuação dos professores e de desenvolvimento dos alunos com deficiência, buscando compreender como as políticas públicas repercutem nas práticas educacionais. Também refletimos sobre o impacto do projeto de pesquisa no cotidiano escolar. Nas análises do material empírico, registrado por meio de diários de campo, videogravações e audiogravação, destacamos as tensões e as dificuldades que marcam as relações cotidianas no interior da escola, delimitando os limites da proposta de inclusão. Consideramos que as políticas públicas precisam estar orientadas de modo a concretizar condições de ensino que promovam o potencial pedagógico e as possibilidades de desenvolvimento dos alunos com deficiência. Ressaltamos assim: a necessidade de investir na formação docente considerando o trabalho cotidiano na escola; a importância de criação, apropriação e disponibilização de diversos recursos e instrumentais para, então, ser possível a produção de vias de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento nas relações de ensino.
A Comunicação Alternativa para além das Tecnologias Assistivas
Authors: Nunes Leila Regina , Walter Catia Crivelenti de Figueiredo
Published: August 2014

A presença de alunos com paralisia cerebral e com autismo é crescente no cotidiano das escolas regulares. Professores frequentemente necessitam de formação no emprego de recursos de comunicação alternativa junto a esse alunado que exibe graves dificuldades de comunicação oral.  Serão descritos estudos do Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem e Comunicação Alternativa do Programa de Pós–Graduação em Educação de uma universidade publica conduzidos em escolas regulares e especiais. Serão apresentados e comentados recursos de Comunicação Alternativa elaborados com o propósito de favorecer as habilidades linguísticas, comunicativas e sociais desses alunos em suas interações em sala de aula. Finalmente, serão discutidas questões relativas à pesquisa em sala de aula, à concepção de comunicação e ao papel da tecnologia na Comunicação Alternativa.
Production of laser-polarized 3He gas via metastability exchange optical pumping for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Głowacz Bartosz , Suchanek Mateusz , Olejniczak Zbigniew
Published: August 2014

The state-of-the-art in the production of hyperpolarized 3He gas for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human lungs is reviewed. The paper is focused on the metastability exchange optical pumping (MEOP) method, which is preferable in medical applications, because the polarized 3He gas is free of any contaminants. Two strategies, namely, “centralized” and “on-site” production, are compared from the point of view of efficiency, level of achievable polarization, and the cost. A novel design of the polarizer that is based on MEOP operating in nonstandard conditions is also presented. It is the most promising solution for the implementation of the technique in medical clinics, as it uses the magnetic field of the MRI scanner and operates at elevated 3He gas pressure.
Novel form-flexible handling and joining tool for automated preforming
Authors: Kunz Holger , Löchte Christian , Dietrich Franz , Raatz Annika , Fischer Fabian , Dröder Klaus , Dilger Klaus
Published: August 2014

The production rates of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) parts are rising constantly which in turn drives research to bring a higher level of automation to the manufacturing processes of CFRP. Resin transfer molding (RTM), which is seen as a production method for high volumes, has been accelerated to a high degree. However, complex net-shape preforms are necessary for this process, which are widely manually manufactured. To face these challenges a new concept for the manufacturing of carbon fiber preforms with a form-flexible gripping, draping and joining end-effector is presented and discussed. Furthermore, this paper investigates the application of this concept, describes the initial build-up of a demonstrator, focusing on material selection and heating technology, and discusses test results with the prototype. This prototype already validates the feasibility of the proposed concept on the basis of a generic preform geometry. After a summary, this paper discusses future in-depth research concerning the concept and its application in more complex geometries.
Vom Sprachstil zum Nationalcharakter: Dominique Bouhours (1671) im Vergleich zu Henri Estienne (1579) und Antoine Rivarol (1784)
Authors: Zollna Isabel
Published: August 2014

Dans ce travail nous présentons une lecture systématique de trois textes concernant la comparaison du français avec ses deux «langues sœurs», l’italien et l’espagnol. Ces textes reflètent deux événements décisifs: l’émancipation des langues vernaculaires du latin ainsi que l’avènement de la France comme pouvoir hégémonial dans l’Europe du XVIIe siècle. L’analyse des qualités mises en valeur par les auteurs permettent de démontrer le changement profond qui se produit quant aux critères pour évaluer une langue: à partir de la fréquence des qualificatifs, on peut constater trois perspectives qui dépendent de la position politique de la nation française: concurrencée de l’italien au XVIe siècle, l’appareil rhétorique sert de principe classificateur à Estienne; comme moyen d’expression «naturelle» de l’honnête homme par opposition au «faste» de l’espagnol, chez Bouhours (XVIIe siècle), et au XVIIIe siècle, la réduction du français au seul critère de la clarté qui culmine chez Rivarol (1784). Chez Bouhours (VI. Entretien «La langue françoise», 1671) les valeurs prédominants sont la simplicité et la naïveté/le naturel qui sont encore loin d’être confondues avec la fameuse clarté du français.
Réflexions sur la ponctuation éditoriale des textes français médiévaux
Authors: Bragantini-Maillard Nathalie
Published: August 2014

Face à la fluctuation qui caractérise la ponctuation introduite dans les éditions de textes français du Moyen Âge, nous nous proposons d’examiner quelques pratiques sujettes à discussion. L’examen vise à ouvrir une réflexion sur le statut à accorder à la ponctuation éditoriale et à montrer qu’il ne serait pas impossible d’établir un système de ponctuation éditoriale méthodique, stable et précis.
Extension of Saccharomyces paradoxus Chronological Lifespan by Retrotransposons in Certain Media Conditions Is Associated with Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: VanHoute David , Maxwell Patrick H
Published: August 2014

Retrotransposons are mobile DNA elements present throughout eukaryotic genomes that can cause mutations and genome rearrangements when they replicate through reverse transcription. Increased expression and/or mobility of retrotransposons has been correlated with aging in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. The many copies of retrotransposons in humans and various model organisms complicate further pursuit of this relationship. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon was introduced into a strain of S. paradoxus that completely lacks retrotransposons to compare chronological lifespans (CLSs) of yeast strains with zero, low, or high Ty1 copy number. Yeast chronological lifespan reflects the progressive loss of cell viability in a nondividing state. Chronological lifespans for the strains were not different in rich medium, but were extended in high Ty1 copy-number strains in synthetic medium and in rich medium containing a low dose of hydroxyurea (HU), an agent that depletes deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Lifespan extension was not strongly correlated with Ty1 mobility or mutation rates for a representative gene. Buffering deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels with threonine supplementation did not substantially affect this lifespan extension, and no substantial differences in cell cycle arrest in the nondividing cells were observed. Lifespan extension was correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species during early stationary phase in high Ty1 copy strains, and antioxidant treatment allowed the zero Ty1 copy strain to live as long as high Ty1 copy-number strains in rich medium with hydroxyurea. This exceptional yeast system has identified an unexpected longevity-promoting role for retrotransposons that may yield novel insights into mechanisms regulating lifespan.
Wilson?s disease presenting as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a possible window to early treatment
Authors: Tribl Gotthard G. , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Trindade Mateus C. , Lucato Leandro T. , Teixeira Manoel J. , Barbosa Egberto R.
Published: August 2014

Objective To describe characteristics of REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease. Method Questionnaire-based interviews (patients and relatives), neurological examinations, two-week prospective dream-diary, video-polysomnography, transcranial sonography, MRI. Results Four Wilson’s disease cases with REM sleep behavior disorder were described; three had REM sleep behavior disorder as initial symptom. All showed mesencephalic tegmental/tectal sonographic hyperechogenicities and two presented ponto-mesencephalic tegmental MRI hyperintensities. Conclusion This first description of REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease in literature documents REM sleep behavior disorder as a possible presenting symptom of Wilson’s disease and adds further evidence to the parallelism of Parkinson’s disease and Wilson’s disease in phenotype and brainstem topography, which ought to be further studied. REM sleep behavior disorder has prognostic relevance for neurodegeneration in α-synucleinopathies. In Wilson’s disease, usefulness of early diagnosis and treatment are already well established. REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease offers a possible theoretical model for potential early treatment in this extrapyramidal and brainstem paradigm syndrome, previewing the possibility of neuroprotective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder in “pre-clinical” Parkinson’s disease.
Effect of the concentration of inoculum and tensoactive on the efficiency of Bipolaris sorokiniana infection in wheat leaves
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Zanatta Tiago , Danelli Anderson L.
Published: August 2014

Techniques that result in increased pathogen infection rates by employing reduced quantities of fungal spores with sparse sporulation have been developed. Experiments under controlled environment conditions were conducted to evaluate the effect of the density of Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia on the intensity of wheat helminthosporiosis. Using a selected inoculum density, the concentration of the tensoactive (Tween 20) that promoted maximum infection by the causal agent of the disease was determined. The density of lesions and the estimated severity of the disease were quantified. The selected inoculum density was 1.5 x 10(4) spores.mL-1 plus 480 µL tensoactive.L-1 water, resulting in a disease severity that allows selecting wheat cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana.
Amplitude térmica para germinação de conídios de Drechslera tritici-repentis
Authors: Tonin Rosane Baldiga , Ranzi Camila , Camera Juliane Nicolodi , Forcelini Carlos Alberto , Reis Erlei Melo
Published: August 2014

A mancha-amarela do trigo, causada pelo fungo Drechslera tritici-repentis, é de ocorrência mundial e uma das principais doenças da cultura. No Brasil, a mesma está presente em todas as safras e pode reduzir o rendimento de grãos em mais de 40%. A sua ampla adaptabilidade a ambientes diversos pode estar relacionada à capacidade dos esporos germinarem sob diferentes temperaturas, assunto que foi examinado neste experimento conduzido na UPF, em 2011. Suspensões de conídios (350 µL) foram depositadas em placas de Petri com meio ágar-água e incubadas em câmara tipo BOD, na presença e ausência de luz, a -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40ºC, por 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 horas. O trabalho foi conduzido duas vezes, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os conídios germinaram tanto na presença como na ausência de luz. A germinação foi nula a -5ºC ou 40ºC. A mesma foi detectada após 2h e aumentou com o tempo de incubação. Através de polinômios de segundo grau estimou-se a máxima germinação a 19ºC e 9,5h de incubação. Houve predominância da germinação bipolar (frequência de 45,0%), seguida da intercalar (33,5%) e da unipolar (21,5%). Os resultados obtidos indicam grande amplitude térmica para germinação dos conídios de D. tritici-repentis, o que explica, parcialmente, sua ampla distribuição geográfica.
Guava fruit loss caused by rust
Authors: Martins Marlon Vagner Valentim , Silveira Silvado Felipe da , Maffia Luiz Antônio
Published: August 2014

The aim of this paper was to estimate the loss caused by rust (Puccinia psidii) to 'Paluma' guava production in orchards located in Rio de Janeiro State. The disease intensity on the reproductive organs of plants was observed during two chemical control experiments carried out in 2003 and 2004. The loss was estimated based on simple linear regression and the production reduction (fruit number and weight ha-1) on the incidence of diseased buds and fruits. In the first experiment, no relationship was established between incidence of diseased buds and loss since there was a delay in spraying and the incidence of buds showing rust was high (mean of 47%) at the beginning of flowering. In the second experiment (2003-2004), spraying occurred at the beginning of the epidemics and there was a linear relationship between incidence of diseased buds and loss, justifying fungicide intervention at this stage. For the fruiting stage, a significant relationship was found between incidence of diseased fruits and loss in both experiments. In the absence of chemical control, rust reduced fruit production by around 90%.
Viabilidade de armazenamento de sementes de soja inoculadas com Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em meio com restrição hídrica
Authors: Reis Grazieli Frotas dos , Bacchi Lilian Maria Arruda , Gavassoni Walber Luiz , Hirata Lucia Mayumi , Pontim Bruno Cezar Alvaro
Published: August 2014

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da restrição hídrica, em meio de cultura agarizado, sobre a germinação de sementes de soja inoculadas com Sclerotinia sclerotiorum nos potenciais osmóticos de 0, -0,3, -0,6 e -0,9 MPa promovido pelo uso dos solutos manitol, MgCl e NaCl, em diferentes tempos de exposição das sementes ao patógeno (6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 horas) e a possibilidade de armazenamento das sementes inoculadas. Avaliaram-se o crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum nos meios modificados osmoticamente, a germinação das sementes submetidas à inoculação e, após o armazenamento das sementes inoculadas, a emergência em solo e transmissão do patógeno. Pelos resultados obtidos a adição de manitol ao meio de cultura BDA, nos potenciais osmóticos -0,3, -0,6 e -0,9 MPa, e de NaCl, -0,3 e -0,6 MPa, não restringe o crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum; os solutos utilizados até o potencial osmótico -0,9 MPa não interferiram na germinação de sementes de soja. Níveis de infecção satisfatórios foram obtidos com 24 horas de incubação em meio de cultura com restrição hídrica. Tanto a viabilidade das sementes como a do patógeno são mantidas após o armazenamento das sementes inoculadas em meio com restrição hídrica.
Histopathological features of infections caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani in purple passionfruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims)
Authors: Ortiz Emiro , Cruz Marisol , Melgarejo Luz Marina , Marquínez Xavier , Hoyos-Carvajal Lilliana
Published: August 2014

The purple passionfruit plant, Passifloraedulis Sims, ranks second in fruit exportation in Colombia, and its main destination is the European market. However, its production is affected by several diseases, including fusariosis. This paper presents the histopathological features of different tissues affected by the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Both microorganisms produce similar responses on the plant: colonization of xylem vessels by hyphae and microconidia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the cambium, xylem and phloem; destruction of xylem fibers and amyloplasts in parenchymatous cells; and production of gels by the plant. However, there are differences in the colonization mechanism, F. solani penetrates and is concentrated especially at the collar zone, while F. oxysporum penetrates the roots and moves through the vascular system to colonize the plant.
Macrophomina phaseolina: density and longevity of microsclerotia in soybean root tissues and free on the soil, and competitive saprophytic ability
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Boaretto Cristiane , Danelli Anderson Luiz Durante
Published: August 2014

In field experiments, the density of Macrophomina phaseolina microsclerotia in root tissues of naturally colonized soybean cultivars was quantified. The density of free sclerotia on the soil was determined for plots of crop rotation (soybean-corn) and soybean monoculture soon after soybean harvest. M. phaseolina natural infection was also determined for the roots of weeds grown in the experimental area. To verify the ability of M. phaseolina to colonize dead substrates, senesced stem segments from the main plant species representing the agricultural system of southern Brazil were exposed on naturally infested soil for 30 and 60 days. To quantify the sclerotia, the methodology of Cloud and Rupe (1991) and Mengistu et al. (2007) was employed. Sclerotium density, assessed based on colony forming units (CFU), ranged from 156 to 1,108/g root tissue. Sclerotium longevity, also assessed according to CFU, was 157 days for the rotation and 163 days for the monoculture system. M. phaseolina did not colonize saprophytically any dead stem segment of Avena strigosa,Avena sativa,Hordeum vulgare,Brassica napus,Gossypium hirsutum,Secale cereale,Helianthus annus,Triticosecalerimpaui, and Triticum aestivum. Mp was isolated from infected root tissues of Amaranthus viridis,Bidens pilosa,Cardiospermum halicacabum,Euphorbia heterophylla,Ipomoea sp., and Richardia brasiliensis. The survival mechanisms of M. phaseolina studied in this paper met the microsclerotium longevity in soybean root tissues, free on the soil, as well as asymptomatic colonization of weeds.
Semi-selective culture medium for Exserohilum turcicum isolation from corn seeds
Authors: Rossi Roberto Luis De , Reis Erlei Melo
Published: August 2014

Northern corn leaf blight, caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Et), is a disease of widespread occurrence in regions where corn, sweetcorn and popcorn are grown. This disease has great potential to cause damage and has been studied for years, but the association of its causal agent with seeds remains unconfirmed. Thus, the availability of a sensitive method to detect and quantify the inoculum in seeds, even at low incidence, is essential. The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect and quantify the presence of the fungus infecting and infesting corn and popcorn seeds. Artificially and naturally infected seeds were employed to develop the medium. The semi-selective medium was composed of carbendazim (active ingredient) (60 mg/L), captan (30 mg/L), streptomycin sulfate (500 mg/L) and neomycin sulfate (600 mg/L) aggregated to the medium lactose casein hydrolysate agar medium. By using this, Et was detected in naturally infected corn seeds, showing 0.124% incidence, in four out of ten analyzed samples. In addition, 1.04 conidia were detected per infested seed. By means of isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological characterization and comparison with descriptions of the species in the literature, the fungus isolated from the seeds was confirmed to be Et. Both infection and infestation were considered low; thus, for studies of Et detection in corn seeds, the use of semi-selective medium and more than 1,200 seeds/sample is suggested.