bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Extirpation of Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroma Incidentally Diagnosed during Evaluation for Patchy Alopecia Areata in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Zvizdic Zlatan , Haxhija Emir , Chikha Adisa , Milisic Emir , Jonuzi Asmir , Vranic Semir
Published: March 2019

Objective: We present a 17-year-old boy with an incidentally diagnosed left adrenal ganglioneuroma during the diagnostic workup of alopecia areata. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: Laboratory investigations revealed vitamin D deficiency. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed and ganglioneuroma was confirmed histologically. At follow-up, the vitamin D supplements improved the vitamin D levels followed by a gradual regression of alopecia areata. However, it recurred 18 months later despite the normal levels of serum vitamin D and no tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Further studies should reveal the relationship between alopecia areata and ganglioneuroma as well as the role of vitamin D in alopecia areata.
Annie Ernaux, uma escritora trânsfuga de classe
Authors: Pontes Isadora De Araújo
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho é resultado de uma leitura crítica da obra referencial de Annie Ernaux, centrada, sobretudo, em L’événement (2000) narrativa sobre seu aborto clandestino. Nosso objetivo consistiu em analisar como a mobilidade entre as classes sociais vivida pela autora, que pode ser considerada uma “trânsfuga de classe”, se manifesta em sua escrita, produzindo uma obra que conjuga questões sociais e de gênero (gender), buscando operar, através da literatura, um encontro da memória pessoal e coletiva.
Influxos políticos em Parque industrial: a forma literária da dissidência
Authors: Ribeiro Jr. João Carlos
Published: March 2019

O artigo explora as linhas de força que atravessam a fatura de Parque industrial, de Patrícia Galvão, observando seus aspectos políticos. O tom panfletário da obra costuma gerar em seus leitores, inclusive os admiradores da escritora, certo desconforto, pois seu alinhamento doutrinário ora é visto como mera propaganda, ora como submissão intelectual. A análise de seu viés programático e de suas contradições, entretanto, revela escolhas críticas pouco notadas até agora. Repassaremos, então, algumas características do realismo socialista, estética ascendente no período da escrita deste livro, ressaltando as diferenças dela com o material formalizado. Retomaremos também as principais características da produção literária anarquista do início do século, estabelecendo uma familiaridade pouco notada pela fortuna crítica e, por fim, analisaremos uma passagem decisiva do romance para destacar a imprevista recepção do pensamento de Rosa Luxemburgo no Brasil.
Cerâmica fragmentada — oleiro miserável
Authors: Ghazzaoui Fátima
Published: March 2019

Em busca de novos métodos de investigação para sua poética, em Lição de Coisas, Carlos Drummond de Andrade volta sua atenção à figuração dos objetos como matéria de sua poesia. O presente estudo, que parte da análise formal de um dos poemas do livro — Cerâmica —, pretende mostrar que essa figuração se dá em chão histórico, mesmo quando aparentemente a cena descritiva encobre as tensões sociais. Diante de um contexto em que a coisificação do mundo e do homem é regra e em que as coisas assumem uma independência fantasmagórica, a alienação e a reificação do sujeito passam a ser marcas indeléveis de suas vivências. Como consequência, tanto a memória individual quanto a memória coletiva constituem-se de experiências marcadas de negatividade.
Distanciamento e grotesco em O rei da vela, de Oswald de Andrade
Authors: Santos Felipe Augusto de Souza
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar a obra dramatúrgica O rei da vela, de Oswald de Andrade, a partir de dois conceitos norteadores: grotesco, proveniente dos escritos do teórico russo da literatura Mikhail Bakhtin, efeito de distanciamento ou estranhamento (Verfremdugseffekt), proveniente dos escritos teóricos de Bertolt Brecht. Tendo como ponto de partida reflexões existentes acerca do paralelismo entre ambos os conceitos e a poética de Oswald de Andrade, procuraremos desenvolver uma reflexão que aponte momentos na dramaturgia de O rei da vela que se aproximem esteticamente do que Bakhtin e Brecht haviam desenvolvido em suas respectivas obras no que se refere aos conceitos elencados para este trabalho.
Caminhar e escutar — O prelúdio de William Wordsworth
Authors: Nestrovski Sofia
Published: March 2019

William Wordsworth é tido como um dos pais do Romantismo inglês — mas, como seria se pensássemos que, em consonância com o que ele escreveu, “a criança é o pai do homem”? Isto é: e se lêssemos seus poemas a partir de concepções posteriores que se têm sobre o “Romantismo”, ou até mesmo sobre concepções posteriores sobre “Wordsworth”, e as colocássemos diante de seus poemas? Para isso, este texto levanta questões sobre a natureza, o sublime e a criação individual dentro de sua poesia.
Rondó pederasta
Authors: Barreto Matheus Guménin
Published: March 2019

Poema de Matheus Guménin Barreto
"Três poemas"
Authors: Prates Lubi
Published: March 2019

Poemas de Lubi Prates
Dynamic Changes in Microvascular Flow Conductivity and Perfusion After Myocardial Infarction Shown by Image‐Based Modeling
Authors: Gkontra Polyxeni , El‐Bouri Wahbi K. , Norton Kerri‐Ann , Santos Andrés , Popel Aleksander S. , Payne Stephen J. , Arroyo Alicia G.
Published: March 2019

Background

Microcirculation is a decisive factor in tissue reperfusion inadequacy following myocardial infarction (
MI
). Nonetheless, experimental assessment of blood flow in microcirculation remains a bottleneck. We sought to model blood flow properties in coronary microcirculation at different time points after
MI
and to compare them with healthy conditions to obtain insights into alterations in cardiac tissue perfusion.

Methods and Results

We developed an image‐based modeling framework that permitted feeding a continuum flow model with anatomical data previously obtained from the pig coronary microvasculature to calculate physiologically meaningful permeability tensors. The tensors encompassed the microvascular conductivity and were also used to estimate the arteriole–venule drop in pressure and myocardial blood flow. Our results indicate that the tensors increased in a bimodal pattern at infarcted areas on days 1 and 7 after
MI
while a nonphysiological decrease in arteriole–venule drop in pressure was observed; contrary, the tensors and the arteriole–venule drop in pressure on day 3 after
MI
, and in remote areas, were closer to values for healthy tissue. Myocardial blood flow calculated using the condition‐dependent arteriole–venule drop in pressure decreased in infarcted areas. Last, we simulated specific modes of vascular remodeling, such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, or pruning, and quantified their distinct impact on microvascular conductivity.

Conclusions

Our study unravels time‐ and region‐dependent alterations of tissue perfusion related to the structural changes occurring in the coronary microvasculature due to
MI
. It also paves the way for conducting simulations in new therapeutic interventions in
MI
and for image‐based microvascular modeling by applying continuum flow models in other biomedical scenarios.
Success to Decay: Design and Economy from Self-Management to Free Enterprise Model
Authors: Kostešić Iva , Vukić Fedja
Published: March 2019

The economic and industrial underdevelopment in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) during the post-World War II period resulted in the partial abandonment of the Soviet economic model and the introduction of free market elements. The social concept of self-management and the 1965 economic reform enabled enterprise entities, still owned by the state, to allocate and distribute finances. From the 1950s, SFRY witnessed a fast growth in the economy and industrial production, and the emergence of design. However, most enterprises in former Yugoslavia had little interest in investing in design, even though the material means were available. Through the process of privatization from 1990 on, and upon the introduction of the free enterprise economy social model, this persistent resistance to achieve value-added products by implementing design strategy was eventually one of the reasons for both the economic troubles in the transformation process and the final decay of state-owned companies. Throughout the 1990s, the privatized companies in the newly independent state of Croatia inherited this non-innovative approach to industrial production while focusing more on license buying.
Children and the Sayings Source Q: What the Double Tradition Reveals about Q’s Attitude toward Children (Q 11:19-20; 12:53; 14:26; and 17:1-2)
Authors: Murphy James
Published: March 2019

This essay seeks to contribute to the growing scholarship on children in biblical studies, and while studies of children in the Gospels have begun to emerge, no one has examined the hypothetical Sayings Source Q material specifically with children in mind. Are there children in Q? What can we learn of Q’s disposition toward children? This essay adapts K.S. Han’s method of “allegiance types” (2002) for determining Q’s attitude toward the Jerusalem Temple to a childist reading of Q 11:19-20; 12:53; 14:26; and 17:1-2. In short, these four passages evidence only adult or adolescent children, and despite much household imagery, Q language often suggests an “imperiled” family unit so central to the lives of children. The findings may aid studies seeking to further define Q’s relationship to apocalypticism, “renewal” ideology, asceticism, or the endurance of the family unit.
Bridging the Digital Divide through Korea Cooperation
Authors: Arko Augustine Blay , Owusu Barfi-Adomako , Kwadzo Gladys
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is review the objectives and functions for which the Ghana-Korea Information Access Center (IAC) was set-up at the University of Ghana, Legon in 2012. This type of facility is one of the very few established in Ghana to bridge the digital divide through Ghana-Korea co-operation. Sharing information on its status and development will throw important light on a key Ghana-Korea Project in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, provide critical guidance for the development of future centres and lay the the basis for exploring possibilities for co-operation in ICT between the the two countries. The paper draws its data from interviews (involving users of the IAC) and documented information on the project. The paper traces the developmental processes (physical, institutional and administrative) for the setting up of the IAC and points up the lessons learnt.
Is the Saemaŭl Undong Initiative (the Korean Rural Development Strategy) a Compelling Exemplar for Ghana?
Authors: Adu Amoah Lloyd G. , Mills Leslie N. L.
Published: March 2019

This paper examines Korea’s answer to the rural development challenge in the 1970s, the Saemaŭl Undong movement (SMU). As one of the revolutionary polices of Park Chung-Hee, it has been highlighted as contributing greatly to the South Korean economic miracle. There is consensus that it is a shining example of a successful rural development policy and has been widely documented. Given the signal achievements of the programme, this paper attempts to establish whether the SMU could be useful for Ghana as a lasting solution to rural underdevelopment. This paper presents a critical historical background of the SMU and how it was executed highlighting in particular the factors that were crucial to the success of the initiative. The Korean explications are then set against an overview of Ghana’s attempts at rural development in an attempt to account for the reasons why Ghana has not been as successful at this task. Our conclusion is that the SMU can serve as a repository of best practices and outline lessons therefrom to guide the formulation and implementation of an integrated, home-grown rural development strategy to ensure the best possible chance of success of such a strategy.
Development Failures in Ghana, Development Miracles in Asia: Whither the Africa Rising?
Authors: Ayelazunoa Jasper Abembia , Mawuko-Yevugahb Lord
Published: March 2019

In the 1960s, the economic development of African countries such as Ghana was on par with Asian countries like South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia. Fast forward to the 2000s and a totally different picture emerges: Ghana lagged far behind its Asian counterparts in most development indicators, something that exemplifies the broader case of postcolonial African states unpropitious of development. Paradoxically, a new intellectual fad has emerged in the 2000s claiming ‘Africa is rising’, potentially, to replicate the development model of the Asian tigers. This discourse is based mostly on spurts of economic growth of African countries rich in natural resources like oil and gold, a growth driven by a spike in world market prices of these commodities in the second decade of the 21st century. When the world prices of these commodities plummeted precipitously a few years later, countries like Ghana, cited as signal examples of the ‘Africa rising’ mantra, went into deep economic crises. The IMF had to bail them out. Meanwhile, despite the global economic downturn, Ghana’s Asian counterparts managed to muddle through, still far ahead of it in most indicators of development. In contrast to the Africa Rising discourses, this paper draws on the insights of critical international political economy to leverage our understanding of the contrasting development paths African states and their Asian counterparts have taken in the immediate postcolonial period; and more recently, the period following immediately after the global economic downtown. Despite its weaknesses, indeed, despite the refutation of its cruder claims, we argue that dependency theory is still rich with useful analytical insights that can unravel the African development paradox in the 21st century vis-à-vis the development miracle of the Asian tigers.
Re-Framing Ghana-Korea People to People Solidarity
Authors: Khoo-Dzisi Agnes
Published: March 2019

Movements of people between Africa and Asia have exponentially increased beyond diplomatic exchanges and development aid under neo-liberal globalisation. Similarly, Ghana-Korea encounters have expanded to people-to-people engagement, including sports and entertainment in recent years. This chapter explores new forms of people-to-people exchanges that go beyond ‘Ghana as the football nation’ and ‘Korea as the Samsung Republic’. The focus is to explore innovative ways of bridging cultures and transcending boundaries. This paper relies on primary data (participation observation, interviews) and secondary data (published academic, government and ephemeral material) to highlight new areas of collaboration, ranging from commerce and investment, academic exchanges, collaboration in art and cultural endeavours, and the merging of these areas in a mutually beneficial way. Korea can learn from Ghana’s cultural diversity and tolerance; Ghana can benefit from Korea’s success in turning its art and cultural industries into an important export. In considering new forms of Ghanaian-Korean cooperation that transcends the traditional paradigm, starting from the grassroots, critical perspectives and approaches are examined for building a sustainable partnership based on mutual respect and understanding.
Ghana-Korea Relations Research: A-State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Ayee Joseph R. A.
Published: March 2019

Even though scholars have written on Ghana-Korea relations over the past forty years, there is a lacuna in the literature because there is no “one-stop shop” from which one could easily access the literature. The problem is that scholarly works on Ghana-Korea relations are scattered in books and journals which has made undertaking research on the relations between the two countries a bit Herculean. The purpose of this article is therefore to fill the lacuna and provide a state-of-the-art on some key themes in Ghana-Korea relations which have emerged and yet scattered in scholarly works. They include culture and society; governance and leadership; economy; bilateral relations (including political, economic and technical cooperation); and science and education. The methodology employed is desktop research through the consultation of government publications, books and articles.
Two Tamil Words in Arabic Garb
Authors: Kahl Oliver
Published: March 2019

This short notice suggests an explanation of mwrh and kmāšyr, two opaque terms which are occasionally referred to in Arabic pharmacognostic literature, but whose etymology and meaning have not yet been established.
Textual Silences and Literary Choices in al-Kisāʾī’s Account of the Annunciation and the Birth of Jesus
Authors: Blatherwick Helen
Published: March 2019

The story of the Annunciation to Mary and the birth of Jesus in the Qurʾān and the Bible has been the subject of several recent literary studies that bring up the use of textual silences, and the significance of speech and speechlessness as themes in the text. This paper focuses on three recensions of the story available to us in printed editions of al-Kisāʾī’s Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ in similar vein, through intertextual comparison of these accounts with Mary stories as told in the Qurʾān, premodern qiṣaṣ collections, and Islamic historiographical sources. By comparing al-Kisāʾī’s accounts of the Annunciation with those told in the Qurʾān and the wider Islamic Mary corpus it is possible to gain insight into the author’s literary agenda, and also into the ways in which he draws on the wider narrative pool for his material, makes reference to the Qurʾān, and manipulates theme and characterisation.
The European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy, the Right to Self-determination and Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources
Authors: Prickartz Anne-Carlijn
Published: March 2019

In Front Polisario and Western Sahara Campaign UK, the European Court of Justice applied the principles of self-determination and permanent sovereignty over natural resources, deciding that the various international agreements concluded with Morocco, including the Fisheries Partnership Agreement and its 2013 Protocol, should be interpreted as excluding Western Sahara’s territory and adjacent waters. These cases and Western Sahara’s situation more generally raise several questions regarding the external aspect of the European Union’s (EU) Common Fisheries Policy and the impact of international law on the EU’s fisheries agreements. In particular, the principle of self-determination may require the scope of application of the EU’s fisheries agreements to be (more) limited to safeguard the interests of those peoples protected by the principles of self-determination and permanent sovereignty over natural resources. This article outlines the continued influence of the principle of self-determination, including its influence on the actions of the EU.
Indo-Iranian Lullabies
Authors: Ronzitti Rosa
Published: March 2019

The following paper is concerned with a comparison between the Vedic hymn RV VII 55 and the Vīdēvdād chapter XVIII 16. It is argued that little lullaby-themes, aimed at quieting men as well as animals, have come to be included into sacral and religious texts from popular sources (e.g. magical charms to be performed on sleepless babies), revealing Proto-Indo-European formulae and stylistic patterns that can be reconstructed. A Hittite text and some fragments of Greek poems by Simonides and Alcman are also included in the list of the passages to be compared.
The Knowledge of Human Marks in Jain Medieval Narratives
Authors: Chojnacki Ch.
Published: March 2019

Apart from exegetical texts and short edifying stories, Jain monks wrote several literary narratives in Sanskrit, Prakrit, or Apabhraṃśa, between the 8th and 12th centuries. While they aimed at creating works as sophisticated as Hindu kāvyas in their style and plot, they also included technical passages borrowed from various knowledge systems. One of them is the science of physiognomy, which deals with human marks and their interpretation. In the past decade, K. Zysk has studied this knowledge in various Hindu and Buddhist sources and proposed several hypotheses as regards the development of the science of physiognomy in India. Since passages included in the long Jain medieval narratives have not been taken into account so far, this paper aims at exploring to what extent these sources can throw further light on the gradual establishment of this knowledge system and on its channels of transmission in India.
Fire, the Greatest God (ātarš … mazišta yazata)
Authors: Cantera Alberto
Published: March 2019

The lack of evidence for the existence of fire temples in ancient Iran has been used as an argument for the absence of the concept of the “eternal fire” in the Avestan texts. However, a new analysis of the final section of the Long Liturgy shows that the fire was usually removed from the sacrificial area before the recitation of Yasna 62.7 and transported back to the “house of men” from which it had been taken. As such, the Long Liturgy partly appears as a functional equivalent of the bōy dādan ceremonies performed for the feeding of the fire at the fire temples in later times. This new reading of the final section of the liturgy is the result of a re-evaluation of the manuscripts, highlighting the shortcomings of previous editions of the Long Liturgy. Furthermore, the new interpretation approaches the Long Liturgy from a non Yasna-centric perspective, taking into account the Yasna as well as the Visperad (and other variants).
Calendar as an Identity Marker of the Zoroastrian Community in Iran
Authors: Niechciał Pauline
Published: March 2019

The article reflects on the idea of both calendric time and its material supports used by the Zoroastrians of Iran in reference to the identity of the group. The qualitative analysis of the data collected during the fieldwork among the Zoroastrian community has shown that a distinctive time-reckoning system plays the role of an important marker that strengthens the community’s Zoroastrian identity in the face of Muslim domination. In the post-Revolutionary Iran, the calendar is one of the key pillars of the Zoroastrians’ collective self-awareness—both as an idea of a specific time-reckoning system designating ritual activities, and as a material subject that acts as a medium to promote specific values and ideas.
On Two Suffixal Elements in the Toponymy of Aturpatakan-South Caspian Region
Authors: Akbarzadeh Soroush
Published: March 2019

The article presents an analysis of the place-names with the formants -(v)īγ/-(w)yq/ and - vīǰ, attested in the South Caspian and the north-western provinces of Iran.
Iran and Tajikistan: How Culture and Civilization Fade in the Shadow of Politics and the Political
Authors: Ahmadi Hamid
Published: March 2019

Taking Iran-Tajikistan cultural relations as its case study, this article tends to say that despite the important role of culture and civilization in foreign policy, politics and the political factors also have a vital place in shaping the relations between states in global and regional levels. Moreover, as the author argues, political factors play even more important role and are able to somehow overshadow the common cultural and civilizational ties. The destiny of Iran-Tajikistan cultural cooperation, especially the efforts in reviving the ancestral Arabo-Persian alphabet to replace the Russian (Cyrillic) one, explains how politics in general and political differences in particular, brought those enthusiastic and cherished efforts into a stalemate if not a deadlock.
Beyond State versus Non-state Dichotomy: The State Hermitage Museum as a Russian Diplomacy ‘Hybrid’
Authors: Grincheva Natalia
Published: March 2019

This article explores the overlooked role of museums in the international arena as playing a dual role in cultural diplomacy. It explores the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to illustrate an emerging ‘hybrid’ form of diplomacy that cannot be strictly defined as ‘state’ or ‘non-state’. Although the article documents strong ties between the Hermitage Museum and the Russian government, it also reveals the Hermitage’s growing capacity to build productive bilateral cultural relationships with foreign partners, bypassing governmental control. Specifically, the article looks at the international network of Hermitage Foundations as a successful museum international outreach and fundraising campaign that significantly contributes to the Russian government’s efforts in cultural diplomacy. This case offers new empirical findings from the non-Western context, exposing the growing role of museums in contemporary diplomacy.
The United Nation’s Capability to Manage Existential Risks with a Focus on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nindler Reinmar
Published: March 2019

Human technology develops exponentially, opening up enormous possibilities, but also posing dangers, arguably even so-called “existential risks” for humankind. Artificial general intelligence is a potentially extremely powerful technology, which could also pose an existential risk to humanity. This article assesses the United Nation (UN)’s institutional and legal capability to manage existential risks, with a special focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and also analyses the UN’s responsibility and competence to manage existential risks. Shortcomings with regard to the UN’s capability to manage existential risks are being explored as well as several potential options to strengthen this capability, such as an international treaty to regulate AI research and development, an international enforcement agency for safe AI research and development and the use of force as ultima ratio. The UN will have to overhaul its structure and modus operandi to be fit for the challenges posed by the safe development of strong AI.
Phantom Functions and the Evolutionary Theory of Artefact Proper Function
Authors: Parsons Glenn
Published: March 2019

The evolutionary theory of artefact proper function holds that an artefact’s proper function is that effect which explains the reproduction of past instances of the artefact type. This theory has many sources but received its clearest presentation in Beth Preston’s essay “Why Is a Wing Like a Spoon?” (1998). More recently, Preston has raised an objection to the theory, based on the phenomenon of ‘phantom functions’: these are functions that an artefact type is unable to perform, but which nonetheless apparently constitute its proper function. Deflecting qi energy, for example, is the proper function of feng shui mirrors, even though no feng shui mirror is able to do this (since qi does not exist). Preston concludes that the existence of phantom functions refutes the evolutionary theory of artefact proper function. In this paper, the evolutionary theory is defended, by arguing that it can adequately account for phantom function cases.
Functions and Kinds of Art Works and Other Artifacts
Authors: Bahr Amrei , Carrara Massimiliano , Jansen Ludger
Published: March 2019

Currently, there is not yet a full-fledged philosophical sub-discipline devoted to artifacts. In order to establish such a general philosophical discourse on artifacts, two topics are of special importance: artifact functionality and artifact categorization. Both are central to the question of what artifacts are in general and in particular. This introduction first presents the current state of the art in the debates on functions, both in general and in the domain of artifacts in particular. It then unfolds the three debates relevant for artifact kinds, namely the ontological, epistemological and semantic debates on artifact categorization, and presents the most important theory options currently under scrutiny in these fields. It proceeds by introducing the contributions in this special issue on the functions and kinds of art works and other artifacts, and discusses possible perspectives for a general philosophy of artifacts.
Grotius, Dio Chrysostom and the ‘Invention’ of Customary ius gentium
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca
Published: March 2019

This article tackles the issue of whether and how Hugo Grotius conceives of custom as a formal source of the law of nations. The main claim of it is that not only custom plays a fundamental role in Grotius’s thought, but that his reflections mark a fundamental turning point for the history of customary international law. A crucial role in this process of re-conceptualization is played by Grotius’s reading of Dio Chrysostom, whose oration On custom provides him with an integrated account of custom as a ‘normative practice’ based on rhetorical judgment (as opposed to the Scholastic interpretation of custom as reiteration of voluntary acts). Consequently, I argue that Dio Chrysostom’s text helps Grotius to transpose the question of the normative legitimacy of custom from a moral to an interpretative level. To conclude, I will show that Grotius adopts two different rhetorical strategies to prove the existence of customary norms of ius gentium.
States and Patrimonial Kingdoms: Hugo Grotius’s Account of Sovereign Entities in The Rights of War and Peace
Authors: Simpson Emile
Published: March 2019

In this article I set out Hugo Grotius’s account of sovereign entities in the De Iure Belli ac Pacis (The Rights of War and Peace, 1625). In so doing, I seek to challenge a claim not uncommonly encountered in the recent historiography of the work, namely, that Grotius had no account of the state therein. In challenging that claim, I will make a further claim that while Grotius did have an account of the state, it was only one of two forms of sovereign entity, the other being the patrimonial kingdom. While this last claim is occasionally encountered in terms of a distinction between forms of government, I go further, on the basis that the distinction identifies a fundamental conceptual difference between free and unfree nations, which speaks not only to the form of government, but to the nature of the sovereign entity itself. Furthermore, it is my contention that through the patrimonial kingdom, Grotius was able to account for empire.
1
Inconvenient National Discourse and the People Who Walk to Hear It: the Case of the Slovak National Pilgrimage
Authors: Bielicki Alexander
Published: March 2019

The presence of nationalism in the Catholic Church, ostensibly global in its mission and outlook, has been a contentious issue especially in the post-communist countries of East-Central Europe. Events like the Slovak national pilgrimage to Šaštín, broadcast across the country on television, radio and internet, offer Catholic elite in Slovakia a rare chance to freely weave national history and national devotion into religious practice and discourse, but what does elite discourse actually tell us about the production and reproduction of nationhood in the Church? This article calls for increased exploration of reception of elite discourse in the media, not only to gauge audience reaction, but to better understand how the would-be recipients of these messages play a role in producing, reproducing or contesting these media constructions of national identity.
Aleurocanthus camelliae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a species possibly new for the European fauna of a genus in great need of revision
Authors: Jansen Maurice , Porcelli Francesco
Published: March 2019

The genus Aleurocanthus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 comprises about 80 species worldwide, several of which are of economic importance for crops including Aleurocanthus woglumi and A. spiniferus. During import interceptions A. camelliae, a look-alike of the former species, has occasionally been found on imported Camellia bonsai, pot plants and shrubs in the Netherlands. Living populations of this species may be locally found on imported and traded plants in the EPPO region. In Europe all species of the genus Aleurocanthus are regulated, which makes early recognition necessary. A reliable identification is needed to take adequate measures that prevent the establishment and spread of newly intercepted species in Europe. A key is given to related genera and to developmental stages, together with an overview of field views of puparia and the main discriminating morphological and microscopic characters of both adult and pre-adult stages of three species. Since 2008, A. spiniferus is established in southern Italy and is spreading, both in Italy and in surrounding countries in the Mediterranean region, causing severe economic and ecological damage not only to the Citrus culture but because of its polyphagy to many other host plants as well. The early recognition of species newly introduced into Europe is complicated by the loss of taxonomical knowledge and the diminishing number of taxonomic workers. A revision of the genus should include the delimitation of the genus, separating it from related genera, the (re)description of the intraspecific variation of known species and the description of newly collected species by molecular techniques and morphological methods.
The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera), with the description of a new species
Authors: Gielis Cees , Wangdi Karma
Published: March 2019

Approximately 100 specimens, representing 27 species of Pterophoridae (Plume Moths), were collected from the fauna of Bhutan. The taxonomic status of the species, observed and collected material, and host plants are listed, and a distribution map of each species is presented. The following species are recorded for the first time from Bhutan: Platyptilia farfarellus
Zeller, 1867; Platyptilia sedata
Meyrick, 1932; Stenoptilia zophodactylus (Duponchel, 1840); Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker, 1864); Xyroptila oenophanes
Meyrick, 1908; Sphenarches anisodactylus (Walker, 1864), S. zanclistes (Meyrick, 1905); Oxyptilus causodes
Meyrick, 1905; Adaina microdactyla (Hübner, [1813]); and Cosmoclostis pesseuta
Meyrick, 1906. One species is described as new: Pterophorus karmawangdii Gielis spec. nov.
‘Dayak, Wake Up’
Authors: Großmann Kristina
Published: March 2019

Struggles over land are a vibrant issue in today’s Indonesia and especially pressing in Central Kalimantan, as it is the new frontier of coal extraction. The mining areas overlap with the land used by ethnic groups, all subsumed under the term ‘Dayak’. Linking to ethnic revitalization since the 2000s, the Dayak Misik (Dayak, wake up) scheme promises ‘indigenous Dayak’ to secure formal rights to land. In the framework of what I call ‘frontier ecologies’, members of the ethnic group Murung implemented the scheme and may be successful in securing access and rights to land in the future. However, the semi-nomadic Punan Murung rejected the programme because it contradicts their dynamic approach to space in the framework of place-based, interrelated ecologies. Thus, essentializations and instrumentalizations of ethnicity and the constitution of space affirm current hegemonial notions of land and indigenous rights, in which either people or plurality are excluded.
Impacts of MJO Convection over the Maritime Continent on Eastern China Cold Temperatures
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang
Published: March 2019

The present study shows that winter cold events over eastern China can be induced by Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-associated anomalous convection over the Maritime Continent. We conduct composite analysis separately for identified intraseasonal cold events over eastern China that occur following anomalous convection over the Maritime Continent and the tropical Indian Ocean. For cold events related to anomalous convection over the Maritime Continent, the southward intrusion of cold air into eastern China takes an eastward path in association with an eastward location of an anomalous Siberian high compared to cold events related to anomalous convection over the tropical Indian Ocean. The Maritime Continent convection-related cold events tend to occur with a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO), whereas the relationship between the tropical Indian Ocean convection-related cold events and the AO is weak. Anomalous convective heating over the Maritime Continent triggers a poleward Rossby wave train, which, together with an AO-related southward wave train from northern Eurasia, contributes to the deepening of the East Asian trough. The poleward wave energy dispersion is similarly triggered by anomalous convective heating over the tropical Indian Ocean. In both types of cold events, anomalous tropical heating induces a meridional vertical circulation, with large-scale airmass convergence in the upper midtroposphere and descending of air on the northern branch of the vertical cell over Siberia. The upper-level mass convergence and the radiative cooling over Siberia work together for the enhancement and southeastward expansion of the Siberian high and the southward intrusion of cold anomalies to eastern China.
Investigating the Factors That Contribute to African Easterly Wave Intensity Forecast Uncertainty in the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System
Authors: Elless Travis J. , Torn Ryan D.
Published: March 2019

Although there have been numerous studies documenting the processes/environments that lead to the intensification of African easterly waves (AEWs), only a few of these studies investigated the effect of those processes or the environment on the predictability of AEWs. Here, the large-scale modulation of AEW intensity predictability is evaluated using the 51-member ECMWF ensemble prediction system (EPS) during an active AEW period (July–September 2011–13). Forecasts are stratified based on the 72-h AEW intensity standard deviation (SD) to evaluate hypotheses for how different processes contribute to large forecast SD. While large and small SD forecasts are associated with similar baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions, forecasts with large SD are characterized by higher relative humidity values downstream of the AEW trough. These areas of higher humidity are also associated with higher precipitation and precipitation SD, suggesting that uncertainty associated with diabatic processes could be linked with large AEW intensity SD. Although water vapor is a strong function of longitude and phase of convectively coupled equatorial waves, the cases with large and small SD are characterized by similar longitude and wave phase, suggesting that AEWs occurring in certain locations or convectively coupled equatorial wave phases are not more or less predictable.
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality in Illinois
Authors: Holloway-Beth Alfreda , Rubin Rachel , Joshi Kiran , Murray Linda Rae , Friedman Lee
Published: March 2019

There has been a public outcry for the accountability of law enforcement agents who kill and injure citizens. Epidemiological surveillance can underscore the magnitude of morbidity and mortality of citizens at the hands of law enforcement. We used hospital outpatient and inpatient databases to conduct a retrospective analysis of legal interventions in Illinois between 2010 and 2015. We calculated injury and mortality rates based on demographics, spatial distribution, and cause of injury. During the study period, 8,384 patients were treated for injuries caused during contact with law enforcement personnel. Most were male, the mean age was 32.7, and those injured were disproportionately black. Nearly all patients were treated as outpatients, and those who were admitted to the hospital had a mean of length of stay of 6 days. Most patients were discharged home or to an acute or long-term care facility (83.7%). It is unclear if those discharged home or to a different medical facility were arrested, accidentally injured, injured when no crime was committed, or injured when a crime was committed. Surveillance of law enforcement–related injuries and deaths should be implemented, and injuries caused during legal interventions should be recognized as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue.
Employees are losing: Have workplace laws gone too far?
Authors: Bornstein Josh
Published: March 2019

Concern about the economic, social and political cost of growing income inequality is propelling a debate about the loss of employee bargaining power – both in Australia and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. The evidence of a pronounced decline in the bargaining power of employees in the Australian labour market is overwhelming. The decline is consistent with a collapse in workplace bargaining as a result of a bargaining framework that has not kept up with major structural change in the labour market. In the absence of decisive legislative intervention, the decline of employee bargaining power is likely to continue.
The Principle of Restraint: Public Reason and the Reform of Public Administration
Authors: Badano Gabriele
Published: March 2019

Normative political theorists have been growing more and more aware of the many difficult questions raised by the discretionary power inevitably left to public administrators. This article aims to advance a novel normative principle, called ‘principle of restraint’, regulating reform of established administrative agencies. I argue that the ability of public administrators to exercise their power in accordance with the requirements of public reason is protected by an attitude of restraint on the part of potential reformers. Specifically, they should refrain from any reform of an administrative agency that involves a switch to a considerably more loosely interconnected system of values underlying the work of that agency. To illustrate the importance of the principle of restraint, I examine a case from British health policy, showing that a recent reform of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence well exemplifies the serious problems brought by any violation of that principle.
Characterisation of the quasi-static material behaviour of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) under consideration of temperature and stress state
Authors: Hopmann Ch , Zimmermann C
Published: March 2019

This article deals with the determination of the mechanical material behaviour of injection-moulded thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). For this purpose, the mechanical behaviour of TPE is investigated on basis of different materials (type and hardness) and process parameters with regard to the process-induced anisotropy. Based on these investigations, an almost isotropic material was selected for the investigations about the influence of temperature, stress state and load level. The results confirm that the hardness of the material and type of the processed material have an impact on the mechanical properties longitudinal and transversal to the flow direction. Furthermore, TPE behave quite similar to pure elastomers, as they showed a non-linear material behaviour, a stress softening after initial loading and a residual deformation after unloading. All these effects also depend on the temperature, stress state and load level, which results in a complex material behaviour. At the end of the article, two calibration approaches of a hyperelastic material model were shown (one set of parameters for all stress states vs. one set of parameters for each stress state). The second approach (one set of parameters for each stress state) shows a much higher accuracy in approximation of the test results.
Awareness of Social Infrastructures for Victims of Child Abuse Among Primary Health Workers in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Opekitan Afe Taiwo , Bolanle Fetuga , Olawale Ogunsemi , Olufunke Adeleye
Published: March 2019

There is a significant dearth of information on available social infrastructures for helping victims of child abuse among all cadres of primary health-care workers. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of social and legal structures among primary health-care workers, which can help in reducing incidences and taking action. The survey was a cross-sectional survey of 20 primary health-care centers and 86 health workers in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The result showed a low level of awareness among health workers. A large percentage of health workers were unaware of any social infrastructure or hospital protocol for child abuse reporting: 68.4% of medical officers, 54.5% of nurses, and 66.7% of other health workers. There is a need for deliberate training among health workers on social infrastructure, which can help victims of child abuse.
Treatment of restenosis in radiocephalic arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or drug-coated balloon
Authors: Haave Tina R , Manstad-Hulaas Frode , Brekken Reidar
Published: March 2019

Background

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is an established treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis. Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are coated with an antiproliferative drug intended to decrease neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis.

Purpose

To investigate the patency after treatment of restenosis in radiocephalic AVFs with PTA versus DCB.

Material and Methods

A retrospective study comprising 26 patients, recruited from treatment registers, receiving at least one previous PTA and a re-intervention (13 PTAs and 13 DCBs) at the same anatomic location, were observed for 24 months. Patency after re-intervention was compared between the two cohorts. Furthermore, an intra-subject analysis, comparing patency before and after DCB, was performed in the DCB cohort. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of stenosis-free patients at different time points after treatment.

Results

After 12 and 24 months, the estimated proportions of stenosis-free patients were 61% and 31%, respectively, in the DCB cohort, compared to 40% and 15% in the PTA cohort. In the intra-subject analysis, 15% and 8% of the patients treated with PTA remained stenosis-free after 12 and 24 months, respectively. Patients treated with DCB had significantly longer patency than patients in the PTA cohort (median 16 vs. 5 months, respectively; P = 0.05). Additionally, in the intra-subject analysis, patency after DCB treatment exceeded PTA (median 16 vs. 5 months, respectively; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that DCB angioplasty is associated with significantly improved patency in the treatment of restenosis in radiocephalic AVFs. A longer follow-up or randomized controlled trial is warranted.