bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of lipid metabolism by the dynamic and nutrient‐dependent post‐translational modification O‐GlcNAcylation
Authors: Schulz Céline , Lemaire Quentin , Berthier Alexandre , Descat Amandine , Kouach Mostafa , Vercoutter‐Edouart Anne‐Sophie , Yazidi‐Belkoura Ikram El , Hardivillé Stéphan , Goossens Jean‐François , Lefebvre Philippe , Lefebvre Tony
Published: January 2023

O‐GlcNAcylation is a post‐translational modification belonging to the large group of glycosylations. It consists of the modification of cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins with a single N‐acetylglucosamine residue by O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Despite its structural simplicity, O‐GlcNAcylation orchestrates many functions inside the cell. This modification regulates fatty acids synthesis, fat storage, and utilization. The generation of white and brown adipocyte‐OGT knock‐out mice has highlighted the marked interference of O‐GlcNAcylation in adiposity and, as a consequence, in metabolic pathologies. OGT is more especially involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. In addition, O‐GlcNAcylation directly regulates fatty acid synthase, the main enzyme responsible for fatty acids synthesis, and other lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors. Nevertheless, only a few studies reported connections between O‐GlcNAcylation and homeostasis of cholesterol or its derivatives. This knowledge gap is surprising due to the crucial importance of cholesterol in structuring animal biological membranes and as a precursor of a wide variety of biological compounds. Here, we review the current literature about this topic and discuss future prospects in the field.

Key points

As a PTM, O‐GlcNAcylation exponentially expands protein functions.

O‐GlcNAcylation orchestrates many biological functions in living beings including metabolic fluxes.

O‐GlcNAcylation is crucial for fat storage and mobilization, and for fatty acid synthesis but its function in the metabolism of other lipid compounds is less documented.
Utilization of a strong promoter combined with the knockout of protease genes to improve the yield of Vip3Aa in Bacillus thuringiensisBMB171
Authors: Li Xuelian , Zhang Yanli , Zhan Yunda , Tian Hongwei , Yan Bing , Cai Jun
Published: January 2023

Background

Vip3Aa is an insecticidal protein secreted by some Bacillus thuringiensis strains during vegetative growth. It has excellent insecticidal activity, its mechanism of action is different from that of Cry protein, and it can delay the development of pest resistance. To date, Vip3Aa has been widely used in genetically modified Bt crops. However, the secretion of Vip3Aa by industrial production strains is usually very low. Moreover, most of the Vip3Aa in the medium is degraded by proteases, limiting its application as a biopesticide.

Results

We report a novel constitutive strong promoter from B. thuringiensis, Prsi, which directs the abundant expression of vip3Aa in B. thuringiensis BMB171. Furthermore, to reduce the degradation of Vip3Aa caused by proteases, we constructed B. thuringiensis mutants in which different protease genes were knocked out. We found that the degradation of Vip3Aa was greatly inhibited and its yield was significantly improved in a mutant that lacked all three protease genes.

Conclusion

Our results provide a new strategy to enhance the production of Vip3Aa in B. thuringiensis and have reference value for the research and development of novel bioinsecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Smart water management
Authors: Owen David Lloyd
Published: January 2023

Smart water enables utilities, regulators, and customers to make more timely and informed decisions about how they use and regard their water resources. It has been developed to assist demand management by influencing customer behavior and reducing network leakage, lowering energy consumption, and avoiding deploying assets that are not actually needed. Smart water has seen an evolution toward monitoring wastewater applications. Challenges include the need for common operating standards and more cohesive national policy frameworks. As a result, smart water adoption occurs on a utility‐by‐utility basis.
Multi‐Layered PtAu Nanoframes and Their Light‐Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity via Plasmonic Hot Spots
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Lee Jaewon , Lee Sungwoo , Haddadnezhad MohammadNavid , Oh Myeong Jin , Zhao Qiang , Yoo Sungjae , Liu Lichun , Jung Insub , Park Sungho
Published: January 2023

Here, the rational design of complex PtAu double nanoframes (DNFs) for plasmon‐enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is reported. The synthetic strategy for the DNFs consists of on‐demand multiple synthetic chemical toolkits, including well‐faceted Au growth, rim‐on selective Pt deposition, and selective Au etching steps. DNFs are synthesized by utilizing Au truncated octahedrons (TOh) as a starting template. The outer octahedral (Oh) nanoframes (NFs) nest the inner TOh NFs, eventually forming DNFs with a tunable intra‐nanogap distance. Residual Au adatoms on Pt skeletons act as light entrappers and produce plasmonic hot spots between inner and outer frames through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling, which promotes enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the MOR. Importantly, the correlation between the gap‐induced hot carriers and electrocatalytic activity is evaluated. The highest catalytic activity is achieved when the gap is the narrowest. To further harness their light‐trapping capability, hierarchically structured triple NFs (TNFs) are synthesized, wherein three NFs are entangled in a single entity with a high density of hot regions, exhibiting superior electrocatalytic activity toward the MOR with a sixfold larger current density under light irradiation compared to the dark conditions.
Writing Entrepreneurial-Theorizing Outcomes
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger
Published: January 2023

There are several excellent “From the Editor” notes, but in this chapter, we offer something more hands-on with a perspective directly applicable to entrepreneurship. We believe that sometimes papers are rejected, not because the research is fundamentally flawed but because authors miss some of the fundamentals of a strong paper. Therefore, this chapter aims to offer some advice on writing entrepreneurship papers. We offer (1) 11 simple rules for constructing an entrepreneurship paper; (2) six templates for what is to be included in each section of an entrepreneurship paper and provide illustrations of how we have previously executed these tasks; and (3) five heuristics for improving one’s writing quality.
A Lean Approach to Entrepreneurial Theorizing
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger
Published: January 2023

We offer lean scholarship as an approach to developing a portfolio of high-quality, high-impact papers. Indeed, our scholarly identity is typically generated and reinforced by our portfolio of published papers than by any one paper. By lean scholarship, we refer to iterative experimentation, stakeholder engagement, and collective learning in generating a portfolio of papers. Lean scholarship starts with an entrepreneurial mindset and involves creating a minimum viable paper, exploring its validity, and adding a plausible paper to one’s portfolio. Lean scholarship requires managing the portfolio by periodically deciding whether to persevere, pivot, or terminate each paper. Therefore, this chapter moves away from our emphasis on a single paper to think more broadly about the entrepreneurial process of constructing and managing a portfolio of entrepreneurship studies
Microscale investigation of phase transformation and plasticity in multi-crystalline shape memory alloy using discrete dislocation–transformation method
Authors: Sakhaei Amir Hosein , Shafiee Mahmood
Published: January 2023

Martensitic phase transformation and plasticity are two primary mechanisms of deformation in shape memory alloys (SMAs) and the interaction between them influences the behaviour of SMA during cyclic loading, specifically the pseudoelasticity behaviour and the shape memory effect. This interaction, which occurs in microscale, affects the reversibility and eventually the actuation capacity of SMAs. In order to capture this interaction in microscale, a discrete dislocation–transformation model was developed in Sakhaei et al. (Mech Mater 97:1–18, 2016) and was applied to simulate the single-crystalline NiTi samples under thermo-mechanical loads. In this study, the microscale coupling between phase transformation and plasticity as well as grain size and orientation effects is investigated in multi-crystalline shape memory alloys under thermal and mechanical loading by using the discrete dislocation–transformation framework through the representative numerical simulations. The results illustrated the dependency of dislocation slip and martensitic transformation to crystalline orientations as well as grain size and grain boundary densities in the multi-crystalline SMAs.
The core for housing markets with limited externalities
Authors: Klaus Bettina , Meo Claudia
Published: January 2023

We propose a variant of the housing market model à la Shapley and Scarf (in J Math Econ 1:23–37, 1974) that incorporates a limited form of externality in consumption; that is, agents care both about their own consumption (demand preferences) and about the agent who receives their endowment (supply preferences). We consider different domains of preference relations by taking demand and supply aspects of preferences into account. First, for markets with three agents who have (additive) separable preferences such that all houses and agents are acceptable, the strong core is nonempty; a result that can be neither extended to the unacceptable case nor to markets with a larger number of agents. Second, for markets where all agents have demand lexicographic preferences (or all of them have supply lexicographic preferences), we show that the strong core is nonempty, independent of the number of agents and the acceptability of houses or agents, and possibly multi-valued.
Ultrasound‐Guided Vacuum‐Assisted Excision to Treat Intraductal Papilloma
Authors: He Ping , Lei Yu‐Tao , Chen Wen , Shen Wei‐Wei , Fu Peng , Zhao Hong‐Mei , Cui Li‐Gang
Published: January 2023

Background

To evaluate the value of ultrasound‐guided vacuum‐assisted excision (US‐guided VAE) in the treatment of intraductal papillomas, including intraductal papillomas with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and to evaluate the lesion characteristic features affecting the local recurrence rate.

Materials and methods

Between August 2011 and December 2020, 91 lesions of 91 patients underwent US‐guided VAE and were diagnosed with intraductal papilloma with or without ADH. The recurrence rate of intraductal papilloma was evaluated on follow‐up US. The lesion characteristic features were analyzed to identify the factors affecting the local recurrence rate.

Results

The local recurrence rate of intraductal papillomas removed by US‐guided VAE was 7.7% (7/91), with the follow‐up duration 12–92 months (37.4 ± 23.9 months). Of the 91 patients, five cases diagnosed as intraductal papilloma with ADH did not recur, with the follow‐up time 12–47 months (26.4 ± 14.4 months). There were no malignant transformation in all 91 cases during the follow‐up period. All 7 patients recurred 7–58 months (22.8 ± 19.2 months) after US‐guided VAE. There were no significant differences between the non‐recurrence and recurrence groups in terms of age, side, distance from nipple, lesion size, BI‐RADS category, with ADH, or history of excision (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

US‐guided VAE is an effective method for the treatment of intraductal papilloma, including intraductal papilloma with ADH. It avoids invasive surgical excision, but regular follow‐up is recommended to prevent recurrence or new onset due to multifocality. Any suspicious lesions during the follow‐up should be actively treated.
Establishment of a risk stratification model based on the combination of post-treatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels and FIGO stage of cervical cancer for treatment and surveillance decision-making
Authors: Shi Liu , Liu Yuxin , Li Junyun , Kou Jia , Ouyang Yi , Chen Foping , Huang Xiaodan , Huo Lanqing , Huang Lin , Cao Xinping
Published: January 2023

Objective

To develop a risk stratification model based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging combined with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) for the classification of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) into different risk groups.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 664 women with stage IIA–IVB CSCC according to the 2018 FIGO staging system who received definitive radiotherapy from March 2013 to December 2017 at the department of radiation oncology of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Cutoff values for continuous variables were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) modeling, overall survival was predicted based on the prognostic factors determined via Cox regression analysis. The predictive performance of the RPA model was assessed using the consistency index (C-index). Intergroup survival differences were determined and compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified post-treatment SCC-Ag (< 1.35 ng/mL and > 1.35 ng/mL; hazard ratio (HR), 4.000; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.911–5.496; P < 0.0001) and FIGO stage (II, III, and IV; HR, 2.582, 95% CI, 1.947–3.426; P < 0.0001) as the independent outcome predictors for overall survival. The RPA model based on the above prognostic factors divided the patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups. Significant differences in overall survival were observed among the three groups (5-year overall survival: low vs. intermediate vs. high, 91.3% vs. 76.7% vs. 29.5%, P < 0.0001). The predictive performance of the RPA model (C-index, 0.732; 95% CI, 0.701–0.763) was prominently superior to that of post-treatment SCC-Ag (C-index, 0.668; 95% CI, 0.635–0.702; P < 0.0001) and FIGO stage (C-index, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.631–0.695; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The RPA model based on FIGO staging and post-treatment SCC-Ag can predict the overall survival of patients with CSCC, thereby providing a guide for the formulation of risk-adaptive treatment and individualized follow-up strategies.
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with vascular changes in adolescents that are risk factors for future cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kellum Cailin E. , Kemp Keri M. , Mrug Sylvie , Pollock Jennifer S. , Seifert Michael E. , Feig Daniel I.
Published: January 2023

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicators of future CVD risk in adulthood, such as greater vascular stiffness. The impact of ACEs in adolescence is unclear, and understanding how ACEs relate to blood pressure (BP) and vascular function during early life is key for the development of prevention strategies to reduce CVD risk. We hypothesized that exposure to ACEs would be associated with changes in central hemodynamics such as increased vascular stiffness and higher BP during adolescence.

Methods

This pilot study enrolled 86 adolescents recruited from the Children’s of Alabama. A validated ACE questionnaire was employed, and ACEs were modeled both as a continuous variable and a categorical variable (ACE ≥ 1 vs. ACE = 0). The primary outcomes used are considered to be indicators of future cardio-renal disease risk: aortic augmentation index normalized to 75 bpm (Alx75, a surrogate for vascular stiffness), carotid-femoral PWV (m/s), and ambulatory BP patterns.

Results

Adolescents with ACE ≥ 1 had significantly higher Alx75 (ACE: 5.2% ± 2.2 compared to no ACE: − 1.4% ± 3.0; p = 0.043). PWV only reflected this trend when adjustments were made for the body mass index. Adolescents with ACEs showed no differences in ambulatory BP patterns during the 24-h, wake, or sleep periods compared to adolescents with no ACEs.

Conclusions

ACEs were associated with higher AIx75 in adolescence, which is a risk factor for future CVD. Adolescence could present an opportunity for early detections/interventions to mitigate adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood.

Graphical abstract
Chemical vapor deposition of carbohydrate-based polymers: a proof of concept study
Authors: Materna Philipp , Illek David , Unger Katrin , Thonhofer Martin , Wrodnigg Tanja M. , Coclite Anna Maria
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work is to investigate if vinyl-modified carbohydrate compounds are suitable monomers for thin film polymerization via chemical vapor deposition in a proof-of-concept study. Synthetic carbohydrate-based polymers are explored as biodegradable, biocompatible, and biorenewable materials. A thin film of synthetic polymers bearing sugar residues can also offer a good surface for cell attachment, and thus might be applied in biomaterials and tissue engineering. The possibility of having such thin film deposited from the vapor phase would ease the implementation in complex device architectures. For a proof-of-concept study, sugar vinyl compound monomers are synthesized starting from methyl α-d-glucopyranoside and polymerized by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) leading to a thin polymer layer on a Si-substrate. Thus, a successful vapor polymerization of the sugar compounds could be demonstrated. Infrared spectroscopy shows that no unwanted crosslinking reactions take place during the vapor deposition. The solubility of the polymers in water was observed in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Graphical abstract
The Battle of Brunanburh: The Lanchester Hypothesis
Authors: Cavill Paul
Published: January 2023

The location of the battle of Brunanburh in 937 remains a source of disagreement among investigators. In recent years many places have been identified as Brunanburh. This article interrogates the claims of Andrew Breeze, in several works, to have securely located the battle at Lanchester in County Durham. The methods by which Breeze reaches his conclusion are analyzed, and the arguments he cites for it are examined. Breeze’s main proposals are discussed: that Brunanburh refers to the River Browney in County Durham; that the name We(o)ndun recorded by Symeon of Durham refers to a wen-shaped hill; and that dinges- in the Old English poem on the battle should be emended to dingles-. Alternative interpretations of the material are given, some based on hitherto unexamined evidence, including a new suggestion for the etymology of Dingley in Northamptonshire. It is argued that the Lanchester hypothesis does not stand linguistic and critical analysis.
Empirical research on policy integration: a review and new directions
Authors: Trein Philipp , Fischer Manuel , Maggetti Martino , Sarti Francesco
Published: January 2023

Research on policy integration has become an important part of public policy scholarship by analyzing how policymakers create linkages between policy subsystems to deal with complex policy problems. To develop this research program further, it is crucial to know how policy integration relates to broader theoretical and methodological developments in the field of public policy studies. This article reviews the empirical literature on policy integration in the last 10 years focusing on concepts, theories, research design, and methods, drawing upon a sample of 413 articles. Results show no systematic patterns in how these four dimensions combine in policy integration research. Above all, stages and theories of the policy process appear to be incorporated in policy integration studies only to a very limited extent. These findings point to four new directions for policy integration research: (1) Striking a balance between conceptual richness and consolidation regarding “policy integration”; (2) An increased focus on the evaluation of integrated policies; (3) More attention to actor-oriented and explanatory theories; (4) The potential for combining qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis.
The relationship between grammatical understanding and writing skills in Finnish secondary L1 education
Authors: Marjokorpi Jenni
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have indicated that students’ writing skills benefit from contextualized L1 grammar teaching, in which language structures are observed and analyzed in authentic texts and as embedded into teaching of reading and writing. The contextualized approach is also promoted by the current Finnish curriculum for basic education. This study investigates the relationship between grammatical understanding and writing skills using statistical methods as well as a complementary qualitative analysis of student texts. The data are derived from a large cross-sectional assessment of L1 learning achievement in Finnish year 9 students (N = 6,044). Linear regression analyses indicate that grammatical understanding is a significant predictor of writing skills and correlates strongly with the syntactic, stylistic, genre-related, and orthographical quality of the students’ argumentative texts. Weaker writers use less complex vocabulary and sometimes “lose control” of syntactic structures. Learning grammar is related to metalinguistic understanding which, in turn, helps writers to analyze and control their language use, and thus produce better texts.
Correlating article citedness and journal impact: an empirical investigation by field on a large-scale dataset
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D’Angelo Ciriaco Andrea , Di Costa Flavia
Published: January 2023

In spite of previous research demonstrating the risks involved, and counsel against the practice as early as 1997, some research evaluations continue to use journal impact alone as a surrogate of the number of citations of hosted articles to assess the latter’s impact. Such usage is also taken up by research administrators and policy-makers, with very serious implications. The aim of this work is to investigate the correlation between the citedness of a publication and the impact of the host journal. We extend the analyses of previous literature to all STEM fields. Then we also aim to assess whether this correlation varies across fields and is stronger for highly cited authors than for lowly cited ones. Our dataset consists of a total of almost one million authorships of 2010–2019 publications authored by about 28,000 professors in 230 research fields. Results show a low correlation between the two indicators, more so for lowly cited authors as compared to highly cited ones, although differences occur across fields.
Effects of Alloying on the Interface Energy of the $$\gamma ''$$-Phase in Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Ngo-Dinh Bao-Nam , Bäker Martin
Published: January 2023

Nickel-based superalloys of the 718 type have been extensively used in the production of engine parts which operate at high temperatures. The alloy is strengthened by the precipitation of small

$$\gamma ''$$

γ

′
′

-phase particles with a large lattice distortion in the

$$\gamma $$

γ

matrix. These

$$\gamma ''$$

γ

′
′

-phase particles, however, may transform to the more thermodynamically stable

$$\delta $$

δ

-phase. Such transformation might be mitigated by adding other alloying elements. In this work, we used density functional theory calculations at 0 K to study the influence of relevant alloying elements on the interface energy of the

$$\gamma ''/\gamma $$

γ

′
′

/
γ

coherent interfaces. By replacing an atom either in the

$$\gamma ''$$

γ

′
′

-phase or at the interface and calculating the corresponding interface segregation energy, we assessed the favorable replacement position of each alloying element. Implications of our results on the

$$\gamma ''$$

γ

′
′

-phase growth are also discussed.
Outcomes of COVID-19 in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease in Ireland over the first 2 years of the pandemic
Authors: Conway Richard , Nikiphorou Elena , Demetriou Christiana A. , Low Candice , Leamy Kelly , Ryan John G. , Kavanagh Ronan , Fraser Alexander D. , Carey John J. , O’Connell Paul , Flood Rachael M. , Mullan Ronan H. , Kane David J. , Stafford Frances , Robinson Philip C. , Liew Jean W. , Grainger Rebecca , McCarthy Geraldine M. ,   On behalf of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance
Published: January 2023

Background

Poor COVID-19 outcomes occur with higher frequency in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD). Better understanding of the factors involved is crucial to informing patients and clinicians regarding risk mitigation.

Aim

To describe COVID-19 outcomes for people with RMD in Ireland over the first 2 years of the pandemic.

Methods

Data entered into the C19-GRA provider registry from Ireland between 24th March 2020 and 31st March 2022 were analysed. Differences in the likelihood of hospitalisation and mortality according to demographic and clinical variables were investigated.

Results

Of 237 cases included, 59.9% were female, 95 (41.3%) were hospitalised, and 22 (9.3%) died. Hospitalisation was more common with increasing age, gout, smoking, long-term glucocorticoid use, comorbidities, and specific comorbidities of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, and cancer. Hospitalisation was less frequent in people with inflammatory arthritis and conventional synthetic or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use. Hospitalisation had a U-shaped relationship with disease activity, being more common in both high disease activity and remission. Mortality was more common with increasing age, gout, smoking, long-term glucocorticoid use, comorbidities, and specific comorbidities of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and obesity. Inflammatory arthritis was less frequent in those who died.

Conclusion

Hospitalisation or death were more frequently experienced by RMD patients with increasing age, certain comorbidities including potentially modifiable ones, and certain medications and diagnoses amongst other factors. These are important ‘indicators’ that can help risk-stratify and inform the management of RMD patients.
NiftyPAD - Novel Python Package for Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic PET Data
Authors: Jiao Jieqing , Heeman Fiona , Dixon Rachael , Wimberley Catriona , Lopes Alves Isadora , Gispert Juan Domingo , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , da Costa-Luis Casper , Markiewicz Pawel , Cash David M. , Cardoso M Jorge , Ourselin Sebastién , Yaqub Maqsood , Barkhof Frederik
Published: January 2023

Current PET datasets are becoming larger, thereby increasing the demand for fast and reproducible processing pipelines. This paper presents a freely available, open source, Python-based software package called NiftyPAD, for versatile analyses of static, full or dual-time window dynamic brain PET data. The key novelties of NiftyPAD are the analyses of dual-time window scans with reference input processing, pharmacokinetic modelling with shortened PET acquisitions through the incorporation of arterial spin labelling (ASL)-derived relative perfusion measures, as well as optional PET data-based motion correction. Results obtained with NiftyPAD were compared with the well-established software packages PPET and QModeling for a range of kinetic models. Clinical data from eight subjects scanned with four different amyloid tracers were used to validate the computational performance. NiftyPAD achieved $$R^2>0.999$$

R
2

>
0.999

correlation with PPET, with absolute difference $$\sim 10^{-2}$$

∼

10

-
2

for linearised Logan and MRTM2 methods, and $$R^2>0.999999$$

R
2

>
0.999999

correlation with QModeling, with absolute difference $$\sim 10^{-4}$$

∼

10

-
4

for basis function based SRTM and SRTM2 models. For the recently published SRTM ASL method, which is unavailable in existing software packages, high correlations with negligible bias were observed with the full scan SRTM in terms of non-displaceable binding potential ($$R^2=0.96$$

R
2

=
0.96

), indicating reliable model implementation in NiftyPAD. Together, these findings illustrate that NiftyPAD is versatile, flexible, and produces comparable results with established software packages for quantification of dynamic PET data. It is freely available (https://github.com/AMYPAD/NiftyPAD), and allows for multi-platform usage. The modular setup makes adding new functionalities easy, and the package is lightweight with minimal dependencies, making it easy to use and integrate into existing processing pipelines.
Blockchain-based differentiated authentication mechanism for 6G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Tu Zhe , Zhou Huachun , Li Kun , Song Haoxiang , Quan Wei
Published: January 2023

It is well known that the Sixth Generation (6G) communication system integrating multiple access networks promotes the internet of everything world-widely. However, due to the differentiated underlying network protocols, it is difficult to find a general authentication solution to support various authentication methods in different access networks. Blockchain is a new technology that supports network heterogeneity, which provides a potential solution for differentiated authentication. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based differentiated authentication mechanism for 6G Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), which can efficiently authenticate user identities through scheduling different authentication methods. Particularly, we analyze the authentication architecture of 6G HetNets and put forward a blockchain-based differentiated authentication framework. Besides, to improve the scalability of user authentication, it is the first time to use various blockchain authentication contracts to represent different authentication methods. Meanwhile, a differentiated authentication management contract is proposed to uniformly manage different authentication contracts to realize differentiated identity authentication. Based on the evaluation of the prototype system, the proposed mechanism can dynamically provide differentiated authentication services (e.g. EAP-MD5, 5G-AKA) with low additional time (milliseconds levels) cost.
Counterfactual comparisons and affective styles in the aftermath of traumatic events
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Hoppen Thole H. , Morina Nexhmedin
Published: January 2023

Traumatic events often lead to counterfactual comparison (CFC), defined as comparing one’s current attributes to that of a hypothetical mentally simulated alternative that might have occurred but is counter to the facts. CFC can differ in its direction and in terms of the referent of action. The mentally simulated alternative may be evaluated as more favorable (upward CFC) or less favorable (downward CFC) and the counterfactual alteration (e.g., preventing the event) may have been performed by oneself (self-referent) or others (other-referent). The frequency and engendered affective valence of CFC differ between trauma survivors and correlate with PTSD symptoms. However, knowledge about the mechanism involved is lacking. Individuals differ in how they regulate the engendered affective valence following CFC, suggesting that dispositional affect regulation styles may be implicated in this relationship. We therefore examined the affective styles of adjusting, concealing, and tolerating and their relationship with CFC frequency and engendered affective valence. In 556 individuals who had encountered at least one traumatic event, we examined this question separately for (1) upward self-referent CFC, (2) upward other-referent CFC, (3) downward self-referent CFC and (4) downward other-referent CFC. Most effects were found for upward (rather than downward) CFC and particularly for upward self-referent CFC. The frequency of engaging in upward self-referent CFC was associated with all three affective styles and with engendered affective valence. Different emotion regulation processes appear to be associated with more frequent engagement in upward self-referent CFC and more negative engendered affective valence. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Effective coping with cyberbullying in boys and girls: the mediating role of self-awareness, responsible decision-making, and social support
Authors: Espino Esperanza , Guarini Annalisa , Del Rey Rosario
Published: January 2023

There is sufficient evidence on the negative consequences of cyberbullying victimisation depending on the coping styles. Social support seeking is among the most effective strategies for coping with cybervictimisation, but it is scarcely used. The robust Maximum Likelihood (ML) method was used to test the potential mediating role of individual (self-awareness, and responsible decision-making) and contextual variables (self-perceived parental and peer support) in the relationship between cybervictimisation and social support seeking in boys and girls. This cross-sectional study collected data from 1,276 Spanish secondary school students (51.2% boys, 48.8% girls) aged 11–18 (M = 13.88, SD = 1.42). Structural equation modelling (SEM) results pointed out responsible decision-making and self-perceived parental support as relevant mediating factors for girls. By contrast, the model was not significant for boys. These findings highlight the importance of both individual and contextual variables in helping adolescents cope with cyberaggressions, considering gender differences.
Families of Proper Holomorphic Embeddings and Carleman-Type Theorem with parameters
Authors: Di Salvo Giovanni Domenico , Ritter Tyson , Fornæss Wold Erlend
Published: January 2023

We solve the problem of simultaneously embedding properly holomorphically into $${\mathbb {C}}^2$$

C

2

a whole family of n-connected domains $$\Omega _r\subset \mathbb P^1$$

Ω
r

⊂

P
1

such that none of the components of $$\mathbb P^1\setminus \Omega _r$$

P
1

\

Ω
r

reduces to a point, by constructing a continuous mapping $$\Xi :\bigcup _r\{r\}\times \Omega _r\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}^2$$

Ξ
:

⋃
r

{
r
}

×

Ω
r

→

C

2

such that $$\Xi (r,\cdot ):\Omega _r\hookrightarrow {\mathbb {C}}^2$$

Ξ

(
r
,
·
)

:

Ω
r

↪

C

2

is a proper holomorphic embedding for every r. To this aim, a parametric version of both the Andersén–Lempert procedure and Carleman’s Theorem is formulated and proved.
Hölder Continuity and Boundedness Estimates for Nonlinear Fractional Equations in the Heisenberg Group
Authors: Manfredini Maria , Palatucci Giampiero , Piccinini Mirco , Polidoro Sergio
Published: January 2023

We extend the celebrate De Giorgi-Nash-Moser theory to a wide class of nonlinear equations driven by nonlocal, possibly degenerate, integro-differential operators, whose model is the fractionalp-Laplacian operator on the Heisenberg-Weyl group$$\mathbb {H}^n$$Hn. Among other results, we prove that the weak solutions to such a class of problems are bounded and Hölder continuous, by also establishing general estimates as fractional Caccioppoli-type estimates with tail and logarithmic-type estimates.
Trophic state-dependent distribution of asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Japanese coastal waters: possible utilization of asari stable isotope ratios as a production indicator
Authors: Uchida Motoharu , Ishihi Yuka , Watanabe Satoshi , Tsujino Mutsumi , Tezuka Naoaki , Takada Yoshitake , Niwa Kentaro
Published: January 2023

Adult asari clams Ruditapes philippinarum were widely collected from 22 sampling sites including 20 clam fishery grounds in Japan in 2013 and 2014. Their δ15N and δ13C values were suggested to be an effective indicator of environmental trophic state: the stable isotopic signatures showed significant positive correlation with the 5-year (2010–2014)-mean values of total nitrogen (r = 0.691, r = 0.716) and chlorophyll a (r = 0.643, r = 0.789) calculated from the monitoring data collected by the Ministry of the Environment. Annual asari catch per unit area (CPUA) calculated from fisheries statistics scaled per unit area of each fishery ground showed significant positive correlations with trophic state parameters such as total nitrogen (r = 0.721), chlorophyll a (r = 0.800), δ15N (r = 0.732), and δ13C (r = 0.742), indicating a close relationship between asari catch and the trophic state of waters. Most clam fishery grounds in the Seto Inland Sea showed low trophic states and CPUA, indicating that recent poor asari production in these areas may be related to poor nutrient supply to the fishery environment.
Trustworthy tech companies: talking the talk or walking the walk?
Authors: Keymolen Esther
Published: January 2023

While people are increasingly dependent on tech companies to live a flourishing life, numerous incidents reveal that these companies struggle with genuinely taking the interests of customers to heart. Regulators and companies alike acknowledge that this should change and that companies must take responsibility for their impact. If society is to benefit from these innovations, it is paramount that tech companies are trustworthy. However, it is unclear what is required of tech companies to be recognized as trustworthy. This vagueness is risky, as it may lead to ethics washing and an ill-founded sense of security. This raises the question: what should tech companies do to deserve our trust? What would make them trustworthy? This article critically analyzes the philosophical debate on trustworthiness to develop a trustworthiness account for tech companies. It concludes that for tech companies to be trustworthy they need to actively signal their trustworthiness through the design of their applications (1), nurture techno-moral competences and practical wisdom in tech employees (2) and go beyond legal compliance (3).
Electrophoretic trajectories of non-uniformly charged particles in viscoelastic fluids: the weak surface charge limit
Authors: Borthakur Rajnandan , Ghosh Uddipta
Published: January 2023

Electrophoretic motion of a particle carrying a weak but arbitrary non-uniform surface charge density in an Oldroyd-B fluid is analysed here in the thin electrical double layer limit. A semi-analytical generic framework, based on regular perturbation, the Lamb's general solutions and the generalized reciprocal theorem, assuming the viscoelastic effects to remain subdominant, is developed for tracing the particle's trajectory using its instantaneous translational velocity and accounting for the temporal evolution of its surface charge driven by rotation. Our results reveal that in a viscoelastic medium, non-uniformly charged particles may generally follow distinct trajectories depending on their sizes, which is in stark contrast to Newtonian fluids. By considering the multipole moments of the surface charge, we show that the particle may initially rotate until its dipole moment becomes collinear with the imposed electric field, and the nature of the surrounding medium does not alter this fundamental behaviour. However, during the course of rotation, the excess polymeric stresses within the electrical double layer and the bulk may cause the particle to migrate perpendicular to the applied field, by forcing the multipole moments of the surface charge to interact with each other. The final steady-state trajectory of the particle and its possible migration normal to the applied electric field are also largely governed by these interactions and more specifically, presence of non-zero quadrupole moments. The present framework may be helpful towards designing tools for particle separation and sorting, relevant in many biological applications.
Triglobal resolvent analysis of swept-wing wakes
Authors: Ribeiro J.H. Marques , Yeh Chi-An , Taira Kunihiko
Published: January 2023

Through triglobal resolvent analysis, we reveal the effects of wing tip and sweep angle on laminar separated wakes over swept wings. For the present study, we consider wings with semi-aspect ratios from

$1$

to

$4$

, sweep angles from

$0^\circ$

to

$45^\circ$

and angles of attack of

$20^\circ$

and

$30^\circ$

at a chord-based Reynolds number of

$400$

and a Mach number of

$0.1$

. Using direct numerical simulations, we observe that unswept wings develop vortex shedding near the wing root with a quasi-steady tip vortex. For swept wings, vortex shedding is seen near the wing tip for low sweep angles, while the wakes are steady for wings with high sweep angles. To gain further insights into the mechanisms of flow unsteadiness, triglobal resolvent analysis is used to identify the optimal spatial input–output mode pairs and the associated gains over a range of frequencies. The three-dimensional forcing and response modes reveal that harmonic fluctuations are directed towards the root for unswept wings and towards the wing tip for swept wings. The overlapping region of the forcing–response mode pairs uncovers triglobal resolvent wavemakers associated with self-sustained unsteady wakes of swept wings. Furthermore, we show that for low-aspect-ratio wings optimal perturbations develop globally over the entire wingspan. The present study uncovers physical insights on the effects of tip and sweep on the growth of optimal harmonic perturbations and the wake dynamics of separated flows over swept wings.
Slip-enhanced Rayleigh–Plateau instability of a liquid film on a fibre
Authors: Zhao Chengxi , Zhang Yixin , Si Ting
Published: January 2023

Boundary conditions at a liquid–solid interface are crucial to dynamics of a liquid film coated on a fibre. Here, a theoretical framework based on axisymmetric Stokes equations is developed to explore the influence of liquid–solid slip on the Rayleigh–Plateau instability of a cylindrical film on a fibre. The new model not only shows that the slip-enhanced growth rate of perturbations is overestimated by the classical lubrication model, but also indicates a slip-dependent dominant wavelength, instead of a constant value obtained by the lubrication method, which leads to larger drops formed on a more slippery fibre. The theoretical findings are validated by direct numerical simulations of Navier–Stokes equations via a volume-of-fluid method. Additionally, the slip-dependent dominant wavelengths predicted by our model agree with the experimental results provided by Haefner et al. (Nat. Commun., vol. 6, issue 1, 2015, 7409).
The end justifies the means: the role of organizational identification on bootleg innovation behavior
Authors: Nanyangwe Chilombo Namwinga , Wang Hongyu , Cui Zhisong
Published: January 2023

Research has acknowledged the value of bootleg innovation behavior (BIB) to organizational innovation. Unfortunately, we know little about the factors that lead to the emergence of this behavior, how and when it occurs. Integrating self-concordance theory and sense-making perspective, we build a moderated mediation model positioning work engagement as a mediator of the organizational identification's effects on BIB, and willingness to take risks as a moderator of such effects. The results based on data analysis of 237 employees from different organizations in China show that organizational identification is positively related to BIB and work engagement partially mediates this link. Moreover, willingness to take risks not only moderates the work engagement–BIB association but also moderates the mediating effect of work engagement between organizational identification and BIB. Notably, at the lowest level of willingness to take risks, the influence of organizational identification on BIB via work engagement is insignificant.
History of Native American land and natural resource policy in the United States: impacts on the field of paleontology
Authors: Kempf Hannah L. , Olson Hunter C. , Monarrez Pedro M. , Bradley Lawrence , Keane Christopher , Carlson Sandra J.
Published: January 2023

We highlight the historical and contemporary policies that govern paleontological research on federally recognized Native American lands. The United States has a long history of fossil dispossession from Indigenous Peoples, and federal policies surrounding the management of Native American lands (i.e., reservations), and the geological resources therein, have changed through time. These changes reflect shifting popular and political ideologies regarding Native American nations’ sovereignty and self-governance. As of 2022, the United States has a government-to-government relationship with federally recognized Tribal entities, but that has not always been the case. Historians have divided post-contact Native American federal policy into distinct eras: Colonial Times to 1820, Native American Removal and Reservation (1820–1887), Allotments and Attempted Assimilation (1887–1934), Reorganization and Preservation (1934–1953), Termination and Relocation (1953–1968), and Tribal Self-Determination (1968–present). Documentation of how the federal policies from each of these eras continue to impact current paleontological research is limited. We summarize major legislative actions, court cases, and historical events that have affected paleontological resource management in Native American territory. We use this historical context to identify federal policy gaps and highlight legal nuances associated with fossil collection and ownership, particularly given the importance of fossils to some Native Americans’ cultural patrimony. Finally, we explore how these gaps affect scientific research and highlight best practices for conducting paleontological research on vertebrate, invertebrate, and paleobotanical body and trace fossils using the CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics) Principles for Indigenous Data Governance (https://www.gida-global.org/care).
Ends Against the Middle: Measuring Latent Traits when Opposites Respond the Same Way for Antithetical Reasons
Authors: Duck-Mayr JBrandon , Montgomery Jacob
Published: January 2023

Standard methods for measuring latent traits from categorical data assume that response functions are monotonic. This assumption is violated when individuals from both extremes respond identically, but for conflicting reasons. Two survey respondents may “disagree” with a statement for opposing motivations, liberal and conservative justices may dissent from the same Supreme Court decision but provide ideologically contradictory rationales, and in legislative settings, ideological opposites may join together to oppose moderate legislation in pursuit of antithetical goals. In this article, we introduce a scaling model that accommodates ends against the middle responses and provide a novel estimation approach that improves upon existing routines. We apply this method to survey data, voting data from the U.S. Supreme Court, and the 116th Congress, and show that it outperforms standard methods in terms of both congruence with qualitative insights and model fit. This suggests that our proposed method may offer improved one-dimensional estimates of latent traits in many important settings.
The 2021 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture: On Protean Acting: Race and Virtuosity
Authors: Thompson Ayanna
Published: January 2023

In November 2020, Manohla Dargis and A. O. Scott, the New York Times film critics, published an article entitled “The Century's Greatest Actors,” in which they proclaimed, “We are in a golden age of acting—make that platinum.” Celebrating the fact that their list of the top twenty-five actors from the last twenty years “looked beyond Hollywood,” Dargis and Scott declared that while there are Oscar winners on their list, “there are also character actors and chameleons.” One of the “radical shape-shifting” actors on the list is Tilda Swinton, whom Dargis characterized in the following fashion:

The woman of a thousand otherworldly faces, Tilda Swinton has created enough personas—with untold wigs, costumes and accents—to have become a roster of one. She's a star, a character actor, a performance artist, an extraterrestrial, a trickster. Her pale, sharply planed face is an ideal canvas for paint and prosthetics, and capable of unnerving stillness.

I am interested in the way that Swinton's “pale, sharply planed face” is praised for being so malleable: as Dargis says, “an ideal canvas for paint and prosthetics.” Swinton's paleness—her whiteness—is appended to her ability to be a “trickster,” to sustain paints and prosthetics, and to radically shape-shift. Swinton's acting craft is rendered visible to Dargis, because her “canvas” is “pale.”