bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOSS PROCESSES IN THE CONCEPTS OF DEPTH PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Komar Tetiana , Bessarabа Olena
Published: February 2025

The article presents a theoretical study of the problem of grieving as a multidimensional process that reveals the experiences of an individual in the event of loss of significant objects, such as loved ones, health or social status. For theoretical consideration, the author proposes to consider classical and modern models of grief, within the framework of a structural approach that defines grief in five successive stages (emotional reactions to loss): shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. Attention is focused on the key tasks of grieving, including awareness of loss, integration of emotional experience, adaptation to changes and restoration of life prospects. The factors that influence the intensity and duration of the process, including individual characteristics, social support and the nature of the loss, are analysed. The differences between normative and complicated grieving, which require different approaches to psychological support, are identified. Particular attention is paid to the role of social ties and support in reducing the emotional burden of grieving. The importance of professional psychological assistance in cases of complicated grieving is emphasised. The necessity of integrating the experience of loss into the life history of a person as a key stage in overcoming the consequences of grief is substantiated. Recommendations for optimising psychological support for bereaved persons are proposed. It is concluded that an individual approach to support is important, considering the specifics of emotional response and life circumstances.
A brief overview of foreign grief theories is provided. The phenomenon of grief as a natural reaction to loss is considered. T. Komar's point of view is a synthesis of relational theories in a broad sense, and is also based on attachment theory, modern research on the loss of a loved one, and personality development theory. The article pays special attention to the psychological features of normal and prolonged grief.
Аналитический обзор теорий божественного прощения с точки зрения православного богословия
Authors: Крейдич Александр
Published: February 2025

В статье даётся обзор современных теорий о Божественном прощении. К настоящему времени в православном богословии феномен Божественного прощения не рассматривается отдельно. В рамках православной мысли прощение Божие рассматривается в контексте темы спасения и искупления, что определяет сущность православного взгляда на прощение в виде сотериологических образов и даёт возможность сопоставить и сравнить православный взгляд на прощение со взглядами на этот вопрос представителей инославия. Аналитический обзор указывает на тенденцию избегать прямой аналогии с человеческим прощением и отождествления с другими понятиями. Исследователи стремятся найти способ совместить темпоральность аналогии межличностного прощения с атрибутами Божественного прощения: вечностью, Божиим всеведением и благостью. В связи с этим более состоятельными кажутся теории нормативного, юридического характера, которые, в свою очередь, имеют и свои недостатки: вводят дистанцию в богочеловеческих отношениях. Сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ показывает, что любая из теорий акцентирует внимание на том или ином аспекте прощения, что не отражает глубину сотериологического значения Божественного прощения. В связи с этим не теряет актуальности православный взгляд на прощение Бога в виде образов, берущих начало из Священного Писания.

The The article provides an overview of modern theories about divine forgiveness. To date, in Orthodox theology the phenomenon of Divine forgiveness is not considered separately. Within the framework of the theory, from the point of view of Orthodox thought, God's forgiveness is considered in the context of the theme of salvation and redemption, which determines the essence of the Orthodox view of forgiveness in the form of soteriological images and makes it possible to compare and contrast the Orthodox view of forgiveness with the theories of forgiveness of representatives of heterodoxy. The analytical review shows a tendency to avoid direct analogy with human forgiveness and identification with other concepts. Researchers seek to find a way to combine the temporality of the analogy of interpersonal forgiveness with the attributes of Divine forgiveness — eternity, God’s omniscience and goodness. In this regard, theories of a normative, legal nature seem more consistent, which, in turn, have their own shortcomings: they introduce distance in divine-human relations. Comparative and comparative analysis shows that any of the theories focuses on one or another aspect of forgiveness, which does not reflect the depth of the soteriological meaning of Divine forgiveness. In this regard, the Orthodox view of God’s forgiveness in the form of images that originate from the Holy Scripture does not lose its relevance.
Enklitike nakon početne
sintagme u suvremenom pisanom hrvatskom
Authors: Vuković Petar , Sajko Laura
Published: February 2025

Iako enklitike u suvremenom pisanom hrvatskom često dolaze neposredno nakon početne sintagme, npr. Njezin prijatelj je stigao kući, kodifikacijski priručnici taj položaj uglavnom proskribiraju te propisuju razdvajanje sintagme, npr. Njezin je prijatelj stigao kući, ili odgođeno smještanje enklitike, npr. Njezin prijatelj stigao je kući. Na temelju istraživanja provedenoga na korpusu sastavljenom od nelektoriranih znanstvenih tekstova veličine oko 180 000 riječi u radu1 se opisuju stvarne suvremene tendencije u smještanju enklitika u rečenicama s početnom sintagmom te se iznose preporuke za kodifikaciju. U korpusu jednoznačno dominira odgođeno smještanje, pri čemu enklitike za domaćina najčešće biraju prvu riječ zdesna od početne sintagme koja samostalno čini rečeničnu sastavnicu. U većini slučajeva posrijedi je predikat, iako predikat u pravilu nije domaćin ako se nalazi na samom kraju rečenice. Položaj neposredno nakon sintagme u korpusu se pojavljuje znatno češće od razdvajanja sintagme, koje je uobičajeno samo u sintagmama sastavljenima od zamjenice (rjeđe i pridjeva) i imenice te u slučaju čestica koje modificiraju rečeničnu sastavnicu, dok se u sintagmama drukčijega sastava češće pojavljuje samo ako imaju ulogu imenskoga dijela predikata. Razdvajanje je sintagme pritom znatno češće povezano sa samostalnim enklitikama nego s enklitičkim skupinama. Neke od uočenih tendencija potvrđene su kao statistički značajne primjenom hi-kvadrat testa, dok su one za koje primjena toga testa nije bila moguća prikazane deskriptivnom statistikom. U preporukama za kodifikaciju kao osnovni i neutralni položaj u pisanom hrvatskom ističe se odgođeno smještanje, dok se za razdvajanje sintagme izvan navedenih slučajeva navodi da je razmjerno rijetko te obilježeno kao knjiško. Položaj neposredno nakon sintagme snažno prodire u pisanu uporabu i u suvremenom hrvatskom ne nosi obilježja supstandardnosti, iako se može povezati s manjom formalnošću.
Towards sustainable livelihoods: A study of the contributions and challenges in tourism handicraft trade in Ghana
Authors: Dzitse Collins Dodzi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the dynamics of tourism handicraft trade in Ghana, shedding light on the contributions and challenges faced by individuals engaged in this economic activity. Drawing on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework and Principles of Pro-Poor Tourism, this study investigates how tourism handicraft trade serves as a multidimensional source of livelihood, impacting social, economic, and physical capital. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study collected data from 22 tourism handicraft traders in Cape Coast, Ghana, through in-depth interviews. This study reveals the transformative role of handicraft trade in advancing economic and educational opportunities and underscores tangible assets and financial resources as pivotal for sustainability. By embracing Pro-Poor Tourism principles, handicraft trade has emerged as an essential means of poverty reduction, livelihood improvement, and sustainable development, fostering social networks and cultural exchanges. However, persistent financial challenges necessitate external support, especially during off-seasons, financial stress, and increased costs. The study concludes with an emphasis on consistent stakeholders’ support, highlighting the need to navigate financial constraints and seasonal fluctuations to ensure the long-term sustainability of handicraft trade and livelihood support in the Cape Coast Metropolis and Ghana.
Biosynthesis of DNA for disease detection.
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Aifiah Binti
Published: February 2025

An aquatic plant breathes through pores in the atmosphere, creating a bacterial loop cycle. Harmful toxins and pathogens invade the foreign substrate and recessive genes. The purpose of this study is gene editing and gene expression containing information to produce proteins and fight back pathogens. The Methodology of this study is the biosphere of RNA involved in the transcription and translation of DNA to detect several diseases. It is a narrative review of DNA biosynthesis in identifying the mutations for genes, chromosomes, or proteins. Genetic alterations in cancer development have urged many researchers to continue their expedition to find prevention strategies and treatments that are curable for the disease. Thus, gene therapies include gene augmentation, gene slicing, gene suicide, and gene editing by treating certain diseases. The momentum of replacing a damaged gene with a healthy gene using gene therapy in treating a wide range of diseases is quite impressive. An inborn child will have a healthy gene by inheriting it from the parent to the infant for further development. Circular RNAs are meant for protein synthesis. The nutrients are the building blocks of amino acids. The regrowth of new tissues is used to rejuvenate organ transplants. It is highly apprehensive for microbial cells to produce on their own. Not all bacteria are good, but the ones that fight off pathogens in the circular loops of plasmids. The DNA of bacterial cells is composed of chromosomal traits of inheritance in providing nutritious meals and becoming an antibody.
Development of ecopedagogy in green campus educational book based on environmental pollution cases related to biology learning
Authors: Ichsan Ilmi Zajuli , Sopiah Sopiah , Ramdani Akhmad Subkhi
Published: February 2025

Ecopedagogy education related to green campuses requires further innovation related to learning media. This study aims to develop a book on ecopedagogy education in a green campus based on environmental issues. The method of research and development in this study’s is based on the ADDIE approach with five stages. The first stage of this research is conduct an initial data analysis, which will be the basis for developing the Ecopedagogy. The second stage is design the educational media. The third stage is the development process and validation of media experts. The fourth stage is the implementation, and the last stage of developing this book media is to conduct an evaluation given by students; the form of an assessment of the book. This study’s results indicate that the ecopedagogy education media series on environmental issues on a green campus is categorized as very valid. Hence, it is suitable for use in learning activities. The results of this study indicate that the media series of ecopedagogy education can improve student learning outcomes based on the results of the pre-test and post-test. The development of learning media is essential to train students' skills in critical thinking. Suggestions for future research include implementing media on a broader scale.
Comparing the Performance of Active and Passive Suspension Systems for a ¼ Vehicle using MATLAB/Simulation
Authors: Alia Lamyaa , Al-Zughaibi Ali
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We sincerely believe that the suspension system significantly guarantees comfort and driving safety in various scenarios and road conditions since it only connects the vehicle to the occasionally uneven road. Thus, the performance of two distinct suspension systems, passive (PSS) and active (ASS), was the main focus of this investigation. The MATLAB/Simulink environment models and simulates a representative vehicle in a two-degree-of-freedom system. By utilizing software modeling and simulation, it is possible to understand how the two systems behave under identical conditions and parameters by analyzing the differential motion equations that describe them. Numerical and graphical findings comparing the two systems demonstrated that the ASSs with controllers perform better than the traditional systems in terms of suspension system adjustment and response time (rising time, overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error). It also reduces roll and pitch movements, dissipates vertical oscillations, and reduces dissipation, which was the research's main objective.
Metode Penyimpanan Media Kontras Oral Nanopartikel Mangan Teh Oolong untuk Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Ardiyanto Jeffri , Dartini Dartini , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Erfansyah Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background: MRCP examination using natural manganese contrast media cannot provide optimal images of gastroduodenal suppression covering the biliary system when compared with standard contrast media. Various studies on manganese contrast media have been developed, but not much has been linked to the use of natural manganese nanoparticles as an alternative contrast media. This study aims to prove that manganese nanoparticles extracted from oolong tea as an alternative oral negative contrast medium for MRCP examinations are thought to improve image quality and do not cause neurotoxic effects in healthy volunteers.Methods: The research design carried out was experimental research. The research included making extracts and making oolong tea nanoparticles, and each expired or unexpired ingredient was observed using organoleptic tests in terms of taste, color, texture, and aroma, at 30 days, 90 days, and 120 days.Results: This research shows that Mn nanoparticle oral negative contrast media for oolong tea experiences significant changes in taste, color, texture, and aroma with storage time. Oolong tea stored for 60 days has the best characteristics with a fresh taste, bright yellow color, and smooth texture. After 90 days, the taste starts to become sour and bitter, with a grainy texture. 120 days of storage produced tea with a very sour and bitter taste, as well as a rough texture that the panelists didn't like. Organoleptic tests showed that panelists preferred 60-day (T1) oolong tea based on taste, color, texture, and aroma. Storage at a temperature of 4-25°C and paper sack packaging is more effective in maintaining tea quality.Conclusions: Storage of oolong tea with Mn nanoparticles shows that tea stored for 60 days has the best quality. Tea stored for 90 days begins to degrade, and after 120 days it is disliked because of its sour and bitter taste. Temperatures of 4-25°C and paper sack packaging are effective in maintaining tea quality.
Lühr, Henning (2023). Der IT-Planungsrat. Funktionswandel der digitalen Transformation in den öffentlichen Verwaltungen. Eine rechts- und verwaltungswissenschaftliche Untersuchung der Entwicklung der „Digital Governance“ im föderalen politischen System Deutschlands. Kellner Science Verlag. 360 Seiten. ISBN: 978-3-95651-320-6. (online first)
Authors: Schachtner Christian
Published: February 2025

This review examines Henning Lühr’s book on the role of the IT Planning Council in Germany’s federal multi-level system. It analyzes the council’s function in coordinating digital administration across federal, state, and local levels. The review highlights Lühr’s insights into the challenges of cooperative federalism in IT governance and the council’s evolving role in driving digital transformation in public administration.
A Roadmap for Embodied and Social Grounding in LLMs
Authors: Incao Sara , Mazzola Carlo , Belgiovine Giulia , Sciutti Alessandra
Published: February 2025

The fusion of Large Language Models (LLMs) and robotic systems has led to a transformative paradigm in the robotic field, offering unparalleled capabilities not only in the communication domain but also in skills like multimodal input handling, high-level reasoning, and plan generation. The grounding of LLMs knowledge into the empirical world has been considered a crucial pathway to exploit the efficiency of LLMs in robotics. Nevertheless, connecting LLMs’ representations to the external world with multimodal approaches or with robots’ bodies is not enough to let them understand the meaning of the language they are manipulating. Taking inspiration from humans, this work draws attention to three necessary elements for an agent to grasp and experience the world. The roadmap for LLMs grounding is envisaged in an active bodily system as the reference point for experiencing the environment, a temporally structured experience for a coherent, self-related interaction with the external world, and social skills to acquire a common-grounded shared experience.
The Prospects of Artificial Empathy: A Question of Attitude?
Authors: Stenseke Jakob , Tagesson Alexander
Published: February 2025

Artificial empathy (AE) is a hotly contested topic. Recently, several empathy researchers have voiced criticism on the prospect of AE, arguing that it is impossible, unethical, or both. Contrary to these sentiments, we believe that further nuance and research are needed to better understand AE, its risks, and what it can potentially contribute to human well-being. We will focus on one obstacle to the success of AE: the human attitude toward artificial empathizers. In short, the obstacle is that humans will tend to discard the value of AE on the basis that it is generated by an AI. However, while it may be impossible to completely overcome this obstacle, we believe it remains an open but empirically testable question to what extent it can be alleviated. To this end, we hypothesize that AE, given the right conditions, can be a legitimate form of empathy which in turn may yield significant benefits to human welfare. Finally, we describe a planned empirical study that aims to further illuminate the attitudes-obstacle, and how it provides a challenge for the success of AE.
On the Meaning of Trust, Reasons of Fear and the Metaphors of AI: Ideology, Ethics, and Fear
Authors: Espinosa-Leal Leonardo , Stocchetti Matteo
Published: February 2025

Metaphoric representations of AI and its ‘trustworthiness’ participate in the process of humanisation of technology and dehumanisation of humanity. This process has ideological connotations compatible with the Neoliberal project of enforcing a social order based on instrumental rationality and the survival of the capital through the logic of the ‘self-regulating market’. These metaphors and the process they are part of generate fears that the debate about ‘trustworthy AI’ seeks to address. These efforts, however, are doomed to fail because the mainstream debate about the ethics of AI neglects the ideological dimension. In this paper, we address these concerns and neglect and suggest some practical steps to oppose the ideological appropriation of AI and its ethics.
Ethical Implications of Stereotyping Robots in Public Spaces
Authors: Fiedler Lena
Published: February 2025

Anthropomorphic cues can be useful in the design of social robots to ensure an intuitive human-robot interaction. However, anthropomorphic design is not just human-like in general, but often a stereotypical portrayal of a specific social group. Using the example of a fictional case study, namely a wheelchair robot representing disabled persons in public spaces, this paper examines the ethical implication of humanoid robots representing social groups. Three arguments are discussed: Firstly, stereotypically designed robots can make implicit stereotypes explicit and hence raise awareness. Secondly, robots can represent underrepresented social groups and thus draw attention to minorities. However, thirdly, the question is raised whether the representation by a robot is legitimate or on the contrary, a dehumanization of the respective group. The aim of this paper is not to answer whether robots should or should not represent social groups but raise awareness of the problem of stereotypical design.
Who Is Responsible? Social Identity, Robot Errors and Blame Attribution
Authors: Stedtler Samantha , Leventi Marianna
Published: February 2025

This paper argues that conventional blame practices fall short of capturing the complexity of moral experiences, neglecting power dynamics and discriminatory social practices. It is evident that robots, embodying roles linked to specific social groups, pose a risk of reinforcing stereotypes of how these groups behave or should behave, so they set a normative and descriptive standard. In addition, we argue that faulty robots might create expectations of who is supposed to compensate and repair after their errors, where social groups that are already disadvantaged might be blamed disproportionately if they do not act according to their ascribed roles. This theoretical and empirical gap becomes even more urgent to address as there have been indications of potential carryover effects from Human-Robot Interactions (HRI) to Human-Human Interactions (HHI). We therefore urge roboticists and designers to stay in an ongoing conversation about how social traits are conceptualised and implemented in this technology. We also argue that one solution could be to ‘embrace the glitch’ and to focus on constructively disrupting practices instead of prioritizing efficiency and smoothness of interaction above everything else. Apart from considering ethical aspects in the design phase of social robots, we see our analysis as a call for more research on the consequences of robot stereotyping and blame attribution.
An Irish ‘Traveling’ Air-Purification Robot in a Care Home in Tokyo: Why Do Humanities and Social Science Matter?
Authors: Kodate Naonori , Kohli Pranav , Maeda Yurie , Scott Robert , Yu Wenwei , Obayashi Kazuko , Masuyama Shigeru
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the adoption process of an Irish air-purification robot in a nursing home in Japan. For the three-year project, researchers and engineers, interested in exploring human-robot interactions, formed a transdisciplinary team. Stemming from the concept of user-centered design, one original air-purification robot was produced and tested in one care facility each in Ireland and Japan. The robot ‘traveled’ from Dublin to Tokyo, and spent three months working in a residential care home where its interactions with users were observed. Based on ‘digital technography’ and ‘matters of concern’, the paper describes the research processes, treating this as a journey of the robot, and how it was imagined (at the design stage in Ireland) and reimagined in a different cultural context (at the point of use in Japan). The paper refers to challenges that we as transdilsciplinary researchers encountered along the way, while emphasizing the significance of deciphering the human ‘context’ in which AI and robotics are applied. The paper seeks to answer why humanities and social sciences research matter greatly.
“Maybe It Knows More Than Us”: Exploration of Social Robots As Climate Communicators to Foster Climate Hope in Adolescents
Authors: Jarske Salla , Kaipainen Kirsikka , Väänänen Kaisa
Published: February 2025

Climate change represents an existential threat that places young people at an increased risk of mental distress. However, climate anxiety, mental distress about climate change, can also coexist with positive emotions such as climate hope. This qualitative study explores the potential of social robots to act as climate communicators, based on their previously demonstrated potential as engaging mediums. Three written scenarios that utilize different climate communication strategies (empathy, information, action) were presented and evaluated with 42 groups of ninth graders (n=115, 42 group responses) through an online questionnaire. The results show that all scenarios elicited positive but also negative reactions. The reactions were the most mixed regarding the empathy scenario. Our findings suggest that a robot could attract young people’s interest and should be designed to communicate objectively about climate issues and inform about concrete ways to act. Engaging interaction with such a robot implies the support of artificial intelligence in communication, even though the factual information should be drawn from reliable and objective sources rather than be generated with AI. The sustainability implications of the concept require careful consideration.
Robots Should Be Slaves: Perceptions of Bulgarians Towards Potential Robot Rights and Obligations
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav , Gunkel David
Published: February 2025

The paper empirically checks Gunkel’s robot rights matrix using a sample of 215 respondents in Bulgaria. It evaluates the matrix on the granular level of 26 separate rights and obligations. The findings revealed that respondents did not think that robots and AI were capable of having rights per se or that they should be given rights. Robots were perceived as slaves without the rights to reproduce, own property, strike, receive a salary, vote or be elected but with the obligations to adhere to regulations and respect humans. Finally, the results showed that respondents did not distinguish completely the ‘can have’ and ‘should have’ options about the respective rights and obligations. Theoretical and policy implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed as well.
Situation Cognition for Social Robotics
Authors: Poljanšek Tom
Published: February 2025

The tacit understanding of situations is a fundamental aspect of human experience, behavior, and thinking. The paper argues that “situational stances” underly the tacit grasping of situations in human cognition. Contrary to, e.g., schema and script theories, situational stances are not conceived as conceptual knowledge structures used to interpret scenes or circumstances pregiven in perception. Rather, situational stances belong to the dispositional “Background” (Searle) that shapes and mediates immediate experience. Operative situational stances thus at least partly constitute situations as social-ontological entities. The paper elaborates the concept of situational stances and their function, as well as the outlines of a dynamic situation ontology that helps to understand the way human beings find themselves dynamically immersed in situations, alone and with others. The last part of the paper then analyzes possible consequences and risks of considering the peculiarities of this specific situationality of human cognition in social robotics and AI.
AI as the Subject of Right: An Analysis from an Arendtian Perspective
Authors: Tunç Aybike
Published: February 2025

Legal rights for autonomous systems have been debated since the term “robot” was introduced in Capek’s R.U.R. Today, with technological and legal advancements, the discussion on AI’s legal rights has moved beyond science fiction to academic and legislative arenas. While debates often focus on the sentience or consciousness of AI, legal subjectivity is not solely tied to these traits. For instance, despite being unconscious, newborns have legal rights, while sentient beings like chimps may not. Arendt argues that legal subjectivity results from a social contract that emerges when individuals come together based on trust and mutual equality. Therefore, it is crucial to admit non-human beings, including AI systems, into communities such as states or international organizations for them to have legal rights. The legal subjectivity of AI, like other non-human entities, depends on people including AI systems in their network of relationships. Without such acceptance, legal rights for AI will remain elusive, regardless of the consciousness of AI.
APPLICATION OF 3D SCANNING TO QUALITY CONTROL OF MACHINE PARTS
Authors: Ivanov Sergiy , Oliinyk Pavlo
Published: February 2025

Three-dimensional scanning is a relatively new technology that allows one to obtain a digital three-dimensional model of an object with the help of an electronic device and computer technology. Three-dimensional scanning is used in many fields: architecture, mechanical engineering, aviation, medicine, culture and art, education. The use of three-dimensional scanning for part quality control allows one to significantly reduce the required volume of measurements, since main geometric parameters of the part (linear and angular dimensions) and even deviations of the shape and location can be determined from the data of three-dimensional modeling without the use of complex and time-consuming measurement methods.
This article is devoted to the evaluation of the quality of 3D scanning of machine parts and the possibility of using of their models, created by 3D scanning, in the quality control of parts. The conducted analysis shows that the deviation of the grid points of the scanned part from the approximating primitives significantly depends on the shape of the part. Details of a simple form are scanned with the best results (with minimal deviations); scanning holes, gear teeth, threads and similar features requires the skills of the personnel involved and additional processing. The quality of scanning also depends significantly on the type of scanner used. However, the given results confirm that, provided a high-quality and accurate scanner is used, practical use of 3D scanning for the quality control of parts is possible.
SPHERICAL ANALOG OF CYCLOIDS
Authors: Nesvidomin Andrii , Pylypaka Serhii , Babka Vitaliy , Hryshchenko Iryna
Published: February 2025

Spheres and planes have certain properties that unite them. For example, the Gaussian curvature is constant at all points: it has a positive value for the sphere, and zero for the plane. In this regard, all flat figures can slide in a plane, and spherical figures can slide on the surface of a sphere. An image built on a limited area of the sphere can approach a flat one with unlimited growth of its radius. This idea was used by the famous mechanical scientist V.V. Dobrovolsky for an analogy between flat and spherical mechanisms. Scientist-mathematician, Swiss by origin L.I. Fuss studied the prototype of an ellipse on a sphere, which in his writings was called a "spherical ellipse." The prototype of a straight line on a plane on a sphere is its great circle, that is, a circle that passes through its diameter. If the straight line is not closed on the plane, then it is closed on the sphere. In his works, V.V. Dobrovolsky defines the spherical analogues of some flat figures - a triangle, a quadrilateral, a parallelogram. He widely used stereographic projection, which allows you to transform flat images into spherical ones while preserving certain properties.
As you know, a cycloid on a plane is formed by the trace of a point of a circle that rolls along a straight line. Therefore, the spherical prototype of the cycloid should be a spherical curve, which is the trace of the rolling of a circle along the great circle of the sphere. The idea is that a flat section of a sphere is a circle. If such a circle touches a large circle and at the same time rolls along it, then all its points will lie on the sphere. From this it follows that a separate point of the circle during its rolling will describe a curve, i.e. a spherical cycloid, which will lie completely on the sphere. To construct a spherical centroid, it is proposed to use the Darboux trihedron. By analogy with the centroid in the plane, elongated and shortened centroids are constructed. It is shown that the proposed approach allows constructing other spherical curves. Parametric equations of curves, including spherical cycloids, as well as spherical prototypes of hypo- and epocycloids were obtained. With the help of computer graphics, it is shown that the obtained curves lie on the surface of the sphere. By analogy with flat images, conditions were found under which these curves are closed, that is, the point returns to its original position after passing a given number of branches.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM NETWORKS ON THE BASIS OF MINIMIZING HEAT LOSSES
Authors: Kulinko Yevhen , Skochko Volodymyr , Pohosov Oleksandr , Tyslenko Pavlo , Shebanova Maria
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the mathematical foundations of optimization of the geometric parameters of networks of centralized heat supply systems. As the target function of the optimization process, it is proposed to take the total heat losses that occur along the entire length of the studied section of the heat pipe from the source of heat supply to each of the consumers. Based on this, the geometric parameters of heat networks are modeled using instrumental means of determining the most rational positions of their branching nodes in order to identify economically feasible directions for laying each of the fragments of the corresponding networks. In order for the proposed approach to the optimization of heat networks to be conveniently applied in practice, additional mathematical tools should be introduced that allow taking into account specific urban planning conditions and restrictions imposed on heat supply systems and must be taken into account in the design process. In order to illustrate the simplicity of the proposed approach, the sequence of actions that must be performed to optimize the geometric parameters of the heat network is given. The corresponding sequence of actions was considered when modeling the elementary heat supply network.
The application of the developed algorithm allows not only to reduce heat losses during transportation of the coolant from boiler rooms to consumers, but also, as a result, to increase the level of energy efficiency of the entire heat supply system, to achieve higher savings rates, and also to indirectly achieve tangible environmental and social effects due to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions ( which could be formed during the burning of fuel for the production of additional thermal energy) into the atmospheric air and a potential reduction of costs for the heating needs of buildings on the part of subscribers (consumers). Obviously, the use and further improvement of the proposed algorithm will contribute to the gradual achievement of the goals of sustainable development.
AT1 Receptor Blockade as a Neuroprotective Strategy in ADHD: A Hypothesis on the Role of Neuroinflammation and the Renin–Angiotensin System
Authors: Altable Marcos
Published: February 2025

Attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that affects a significant percentage of the child and adult population. Although it has traditionally been associated with dysfunctions in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) could play crucial roles in its pathophysiology. Chronic activation of the AT1 receptor by an excess of angiotensin II (Ang II), mediated by a low-grade inflammatory state associated with ADHD and potentiated by the use of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate, may contribute to the neurocognitive dysfunction seen in ADHD. It is proposed that AT1 receptor antagonists (ARA-II) may act as neuroprotectors, reducing neuroinflammation, modulating dopaminergic neurotransmission and improving executive function in these patients. Activation of the AT1 receptor increases neuroinflammation through the activation of microglia and the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This generates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Blocking the AT1 receptor with ARA-II would divert Ang II towards the production of angiotensin-(1-7), favouring the activation of the MasR receptor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the use of ARBs could represent an innovative approach in the treatment of ADHD, not only reducing the cardiovascular side effects of psychostimulants but also improving cognitive function through modulation of RAAS and reducing neuroinflammation. Preclinical studies and controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate this possibility.
Exposure to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes from Electronic Cigarette Use Compared to Working Environment Permissible Exposure Limits: A Risk Assessment Analysis of a Recent Publication
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Sussman Roberto
Published: February 2025

A recent study tested 20 electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) samples and reported that e-cigarette use was associated with far higher exposure to benzene, toluene, and total xylenes compared to Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for working environments. However, we noticed several errors in that study, such as incorrect conversions of measuring units from ppm to μg/L and, more importantly, an irrelevant comparison between environmental levels in 1 L of air (corresponding to 2 breaths) and levels in 1 L of aerosolized e-cigarette liquid (corresponding to 200-250 days of consumption). In this study, we performed a risk assessment analysis using total daily exposure limits. PELs were used to estimate total exposure considering an 8-hour work shift with an inhalation rate of 0.027m3/min for moderate activity. Conversions from ppm to μg/L were made using an appropriate formula considering the molecular weight. Levels of emissions per L of aerosolized liquid were used to estimate daily exposure from e-cigarette use considering a 5 mL consumption based on surveys. The ratio of working exposure to e-cigarette use exposure was calculated. For benzene, daily exposure from e-cigarette use was 865 to 15,990-fold lower compared to the working PEL, with the average exposure from all samples being 3,115-fold lower. For toluene, daily exposure from e-cigarette use was 748 to 844,866-fold lower compared to the working PEL, with the average exposure from all samples being 3,841-fold lower. For xylenes, daily exposure from e-cigarette use was 6811 to 1,411,167-fold lower compared to the working PELs, with the average exposure from all samples being 70,451-fold lower. In conclusion, benzene, toluene, and xylenes exposure from e-cigarette use is orders of magnitude lower compared to working in an environment that is considered safe according to air quality guidelines.
WOLO: Wilson Only Looks Once – Estimating Ant Body Mass From Reference-Free Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Plum Fabian , Plum Lena , Bischoff Corvin , Labonte David
Published: February 2025

Size estimation is a hard computer vision problem with widespread applications in quality control in manufacturing and processing plants, livestock management, and research on animal behaviour. Image-based size estimation is typically facilitated by either well-controlled imaging conditions, the provision of global cues, or both. Reference-free size estimation remains challenging, because objects of vastly different sizes can appear identical if they are of similar shape. Here, we explore the feasibility of implementing automated and reference-free body size estimation to facilitate large-scale experimental work in a key model species in sociobiology: the leaf-cutter ants. Leaf-cutter ants are a suitable testbed for reference-free size estimation, because their workers differ vastly in both size and shape; in principle, it is therefore possible to infer body mass—a proxy for size—from relative body proportions alone. Inspired by earlier work by E.O. Wilson, who trained himself to discern ant worker size from visual cues alone, we deployed deep learning techniques to achieve the same feat automatically, quickly, at scale, and from reference-free images: _Wilson Only Looks Once_ (WOLO). Using 150,000 hand-annotated and 100,000 computer-generated images, a set of deep convolutional neural networks were trained to estimate the body mass of ant workers from image cutouts. The best-performing WOLO networks achieved errors as low as 11 % on unseen data, approximately matching or exceeding human performance, measured for a small group of both experts and non-experts, but were about 1000 times faster. Further refinement may thus enable accurate, high throughput, and non-intrusive body mass estimation in behavioural work, and so eventually contribute to a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the rules that underpin the complex division of labour that characterises polymorphic insect societies.
Tarsier2: Advancing Large Vision-Language Models from Detailed Video Descriptions to Comprehensive Video Understanding
Authors: Yuan Liping , Wang Jiawei , Sun Haomiao , Zhang Yuchen , Lin Yuan
Published: February 2025

We introduce Tarsier2, a state-of-the-art large vision-language model (LVLM) designed for generating detailed and accurate video descriptions, while also exhibiting superior general video understanding capabilities. Tarsier2 achieves significant advancements through three key upgrades: (1) Scaling pre-training data from 11M to 40M video-text pairs, enriching both volume and diversity; (2) Performing fine-grained temporal alignment during supervised fine-tuning; (3) Using model-based sampling to automatically construct preference data and applying DPO training for optimization. Extensive experiments show that Tarsier2-7B consistently outperforms leading proprietary models, including GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro, in detailed video description tasks. On the DREAM-1K benchmark, Tarsier2-7B improves F1 by 2.8% over GPT-4o and 5.8% over Gemini-1.5-Pro. In human side-by-side evaluations, Tarsier2-7B shows a +8.6% performance advantage over GPT-4o and +24.9% over Gemini-1.5-Pro. Tarsier2-7B also sets new state-of-the-art results across 15 public benchmarks, spanning tasks such as video question-answering, video grounding, hallucination test, and embodied question-answering, demonstrating its versatility as a robust generalist vision-language model.
Encuesta de percepción sobre riesgos del sistema Financiero - Diciembre de 2024
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: February 2025

En este informe se presentan los resultados de la Encuesta de Percepción Sobre Riesgos del Sistema Financiero, la cual busca identificar la perspectiva de diferentes agentes de la economía frente a los riesgos y vulnerabilidades más importantes que enfrenta el sector financiero, y evaluar cuál es el nivel de confianza que tienen en su estabilidad.
Agrarian Conflict in Aceh: The Intersection of Corporate Interests, Farmers' Rights, and Government Governance
Authors: Muthallib Abdul
Published: February 2025

Ideally, agrarian conflicts in Aceh could be resolved with a fair and sustainable approach that accommodates the interests of companies, farmers' rights, and the role of the government in transparent governance. However, in reality, these conflicts are often triggered by inequalities in land rights distribution, injustice in the treatment of farmers, and the lack of effective oversight of companies, as well as government policies that do not always favor local communities' interests. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of agrarian conflicts in Aceh, focusing on the interactions between the interests of companies, farmers' rights, and the role of government governance, as well as identifying the factors influencing the inequality in land dispute resolution. The methodology used in this study is qualitative literature-based research with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study conclude that agrarian conflicts in Aceh are caused by imbalances in land control between companies, farmers, and the government, with the interests of companies often clashing with farmers' rights, while government governance has not yet been able to accommodate all parties fairly. Resolving these conflicts requires a holistic approach that strengthens agrarian reform policies, oversight of companies, and transparent dispute resolution mechanisms, followed by the active role of indigenous communities and advocacy organizations in protecting farmers' rights.
Cone-Beam CT, CT and MRI for odontogenic tumors: a narrative review of imaging characteristics
Authors: Öçbe Melisa
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This review article aims to examine the role of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis and management of odontogenic tumors. Additionally, it evaluates CBCT's efficacy in the assessment of both benign and malignant odontogenic tumors, including ameloblastoma, odontoma, and odontogenic myxoma.
Review: This narrative review provides an in-depth analysis of CBCT imaging characteristics in the most common odontogenic tumors. The review highlights key CBCT features such as localization, peripheral structure, and internal architecture, emphasizing their impact on surrounding tissues. It compares the utility of CBCT with that of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of common odontogenic tumors, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each modality. The research questions addressed in this review include how CBCT can enhance diagnostic accuracy, what imaging characteristics are critical for differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, and how CBCT compares with traditional imaging methods in the context of maxillofacial tumor diagnostics.
Conclusion: CBCT’s three-dimensional imaging capabilities provide clinicians with enhanced visualization of odontogenic tumor characteristics, aiding in accurate lesion localization, differentiation of tumor types, and treatment planning. CBCT is particularly useful for assessing the internal structure and peripheral boundaries of odontogenic tumors, improving the ability to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. However, its limitations in soft tissue resolution underscore the continued importance of CT and MRI in comprehensive maxillofacial imaging.
Early intervention e apprendimento della letto-scrittura: un'indagine sulle percezioni dei docenti
Authors: Monteverde Martina , Bullegas Daniele , Mura Antonello
Published: February 2025

Le indagini sull'alfabetizzazione emergente offrono una prospettiva teorico-concettuale utile per ripensare l'apprendimento della letto-scrittura come processo che può essere stimolato ed orientato mediante percorsi di intervento didattico precoce (early intervention). Anche le indicazioni normative e le politiche educative sottolineano l'importanza di un agire didattico preventivo, assegnando ai docenti la responsabilità di predisporre ambienti di apprendimento capaci di sostenere lo sviluppo dei prerequisiti e di prevenire le eventuali fragilità nei profili di funzionamento degli alunni. Alla luce di tali considerazioni diviene necessario comprendere le condizioni e le modalità per la realizzazione di interventi precoci che tengano in considerazione, oltre alle specificità del singolo studente, la molteplicità di variabili che agiscono e intervengono nei contesti scolastici. Il presente studio è parte di un più ampio progetto di ricerca-azione finalizzato allo sviluppo professionale di un gruppo docenti della scuola dell'infanzia e primaria, attraverso la co-progettazione di un programma di early interventon. Mediante l'utilizzo di focus group per l'esplorazione e l'analisi delle percezioni dei partecipanti, sono stati rilevati e analizzati i fattori contestuali e personali, che possono agevolare, oppure ostacolare, l'implementazione di tale programma. Il quadro di sintesi dei risultati, inerenti alle principali dimensioni identificate, lascia intravedere i bisogni formativi dei docenti per rispondere alle esigenze e alle difficoltà individuate.