bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Transformation of Face-To-Face Focus Group Methodology: Engaging a Globally Dispersed Audience to Manage Institutional Change at the World Health Organization (Preprint)
Authors: Gamhewage Gaya , Mahmoud Mohamed Essam , Tokar Anna , Attias Melissa , Mylonas Christos , Canna Sara , Utunen Heini
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Focus group discussions (FGDs) are widely used to obtain qualitative data from purposely selected groups of people. This paper describes how the Learning and Capacity Development (LCD) unit of the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) digitalized FGDs to engage with WHO staff from around the world, to listen, share, and collect their feedback in the development of a WHO learning framework. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of local lockdowns and travel restrictions resulted in the wide use of digital platforms, such as Zoom, for employee communications and collaboration capable of reaching employees wherever they are working. The LCD/WHE team drew upon the experience of WHO colleagues from human resources, country, and regional offices to set up and hold FGDs in 6 languages with participants from all WHO regions. Building on the findings of a 2019 WHO staff survey, which was part of a comprehensive, organization-wide career development initiative, the digitalized FGDs allowed for the exchange of substantive feedback, novel ideas, and alignment, connecting across different geographies, disciplines, and levels of seniority. As a result, FGDs can be successfully conducted online, but it is essential to remove barriers to participation by adopting a multilingual and flexible approach in multinational and international organizations such as the WHO.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Contact Tracing Applications: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Oyibo Kiemute , Sahu Kirti Sundar , Oetomo Arlene , Morita Plinio Pelegrini
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital contact tracing apps have become prevalent worldwide in a coordinated effort to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, their uptake has been low and slow due to privacy concerns, the lack of trust and motivational affordances, and their minimalist design.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this article is to present a protocol for a systematic review of the main factors, including facilitators and barriers, that influence the adoption of contact tracing apps.

METHODS

We searched seven databases, namely, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed (MEDLINE), IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, for relevant publications between October 30, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Three authors were involved in removing duplicates, screening, and selection of relevant articles according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols) guidelines.

RESULTS

Altogether, we retrieved 777 articles from the seven databases. As of May 14, 2021, we have completed the screening process and arrived at 13 eligible articles to be included in the systematic review. We hope to elicit, summarize, and report the main findings in the systematic review article by the end of August 2021. We expect to uncover facilitators and barriers related to app utility, data security, ease of use, and persuasive design that are deemed important to adoption of contact tracing apps.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the systematic review will help researchers to uncover the gaps in the adoption of contact tracing apps, and decision makers and designers to focus on the principal adoption factors necessary to create better and more effective contact tracing apps.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/28961
The Effects of COVID-19 Infection Cues on Preventive Behaviors: Development of a Moderated Mediation Model (Preprint)
Authors: Meng Guangteng , Yuan Xiaoyan , Li Qi , Dai Bibing , Liu Xun
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the lives of everyone worldwide. Prevention behaviors are especially critical to protect the people who have patients around; however, little work has been done to explore the influences of infection cues on preventive behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of infection cues on preventive behaviors and the roles of risk perception, negative emotions, and perceived efficacy in this influence.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online survey with a nationally representative sample in China was conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 in China. Self-report measures of infection cues, preventive behaviors, risk perception, negative emotions, and perceived efficacy. The PROCESS macro (Model 85) was used to test our conceptual model.

RESULTS

A total of 26511 participants responded to the survey and 20205 valid responses (76.2%) were obtained for further analysis. Moderated mediation results show that infection cues positively predicted preventive behaviors and in turn affected preventive behaviors through risk perception and negative emotions. Moreover, perceived efficacy moderated the influence of infection cues not only on preventive behaviors but also on risk perception and negative emotions related to preventive behaviors. The higher the perceived efficacy, the stronger these influences were.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that infection cues promoted preventive behaviors by increasing risk perception and negative emotions and that high perceived efficacy further enhanced these effects.
A Decision-making Framework for the Ethical Planning Practitioner
Authors: Weitz Jerry
Published: March 2021

This article describes a three-part framework for making ethical decisions in planning practice. The framework includes both process and substantive components and is based on my own perspective of ethics as a practicing planner but also informed by descriptions of ethics from the planning and public administration literatures. The framework draws heavily on Howe (1994) and Bolan (1983). In terms of process, I describe five stages of a decision-making process and recommend it as a modest contribution to normative ethical theory. The framework also describes four sources of normative ethics; that part of the framework is descriptive, not normative. A third component of the framework identifies different values of the deontological and consequentialist approaches to ethics, neither of which can be considered complete or correct in its own right.
Diagnostic algorithm of solid kidney lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Kadyrleev R. A. , Busko E. A. , Kostromina E. V. , Shevkunov L. N. , Kozubova K. V. , Bagnenko S. S.
Published: March 2021

Most often any kidney lesions are primary renal, but sometimes they can be secondary (metastases, lymphoma). Every year renal cell carcinoma tends to a significant increase in the incidence. Today there are many available methods of examination, however difficulties often remain in the differential diagnosis of kidney lesions. The article discusses about the modern possibilities of methods in the identification and assessment of kidney lesions, their role in determining the tactics of patient management and key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and PET, MRI and CEUS. The analysis of the modern literature has shown that the currently existing radiation diagnostic methods do not provide an absolute opportunity for differential diagnosis of rare kidney tumors. CEUS, according to various authors, demonstrates high efficiency indicators, but does not exceed these indicators in comparison with CT and MRI. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a potentially safe method and can be used as a method for additional examination to characterize indeterminate renal lesions.
LID Study: Plasma lidocaine levels following airway topicalisation for paediatric microlaryngobronchoscopy (MLB)
Authors: Doherty Catherine , Quinn Natalie , Mistry Sara , Diacono Jacques , Walker Robert , Harrison Anna , Bateman Neil , Bruce Iain
Published: March 2021

Background A dose of 5mg/kg lidocaine is considered appropriate for
paediatric airway topicalisation. Existing literature suggests younger
children are susceptible to toxic lidocaine plasma levels and achieve
this at a faster rate. Aims The primary outcome of this study was to
ascertain peak plasma lidocaine levels after topicalisation for airway
endoscopy. Secondary endpoints included: time to peak lidocaine plasma
levels, signs of lidocaine toxicity (restricted to ECG changes or
seizures when under anaesthesia) and clinical adverse events of
laryngospasm, coughing or desaturation during the procedure. Methods
Data was collected prospectively over 18 months at Royal Manchester
Children’s Hospital. Children aged 0-8 years undergoing elective
diagnostic or therapeutic airway endoscopy were included within the
study. Standardised 2% lidocaine was used for airway topicalisation.
Dose varied depending upon practitioner usual practice. Venous blood
sampling occurred at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes post administration and
plasma lidocaine levels (ng/ml) analysed. Results A significant
relationship exists between higher peak plasma levels and ages
<18 months (p=0.00973). Strong linear correlation exists
between weight and age for our cohort (r=0.88). Higher peak plasma
lidocaine levels occur with total dose volumes between 2 and 3mls of 2%
lidocaine local anaesthetic (p=0.03) compared with <2ml total
dose volumes. Data suggests a potential relationship of lower weights
achieving higher peak plasma levels (p=0.0516). Reduced IQR variation of
peak plasma lidocaine levels exists when lidocaine dosing is
<5mg/kg. Conclusions Age and total dose volume of topicalised
lidocaine have a significant relationship with plasma lidocaine levels.
A dose of 5mg/kg topicalised lidocaine for paediatric airway endoscopy
is safe and provides good operating conditions. Lower patient weights
trend toward higher peak lidocaine plasma concentrations and require
further investigation.
Post-Extubation Dysphagia and Dysphonia amongst Adults with COVID-19 in the Republic of Ireland: a Prospective Multi-Site Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Regan Julie , Walshe Margaret , Lavan Sarah , Horan Eanna , Gillivan-Murphy Patricia , Healy Anne , Langan Caoimhe , Malherbe Karen , Murphy Breda Flynn , Cremin Maria , Hilton Denise , Cavaliere Jenni , Whyte Alice
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aims to (i) investigate post-extubation dysphagia
and dysphonia amongst adults intubated with SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) and
referred to speech and language therapy (SLT) in acute hospitals across
the Republic of Ireland (ROI) between March and June 2020; (ii) identify
variables predictive of post-extubation oral intake status and dysphonia
and (iii) establish SLT rehabilitation needs and services provided to
this cohort. Design: A multi-site prospective observational cohort study
Participants: 100 adults with confirmed COVID-19 who were intubated
across eleven acute hospital sites in ROI and who were referred to SLT
services between March and June 2020 inclusive. Main Outcome Measures:
Oral intake status, level of diet modification and perceptual voice
quality. Results: Based on initial SLT assessment, 90% required altered
oral intake and 59% required tube feeding with 36% unable for oral
intake. Age (OR 1.064; 95% CI 1.018-1.112), proning (OR 3.671; 95% CI
1.128-11.943), and pre-existing respiratory disease (OR 5.863; 95% CI
1.521-11.599) were predictors of oral intake status post-extubation.
Two-thirds (66%) presented with dysphonia post-extubation. Intubation
injury (OR 10.471; 95% CI 1.060-103.466) and pre-existing respiratory
disease (OR 24.196; 95% CI 1.609-363.78) were predictors of
post-extubation voice quality. Thirty-seven percent required dysphagia
rehabilitation post-extubation whereas 20% needed voice rehabilitation.
Dysphagia and dysphonia persisted in 27% and 37% cases respectively at
hospital discharge. Discussion: Post-extubation dysphagia and dysphonia
were prevalent amongst adults with COVID-19 across the ROI. Predictors
included iatrogenic factors and underlying respiratory disease. Prompt
evaluation and intervention is needed to minimise complications and
inform rehabilitation planning.
The Economic Burden of Illness in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Patients from a Commercial and Medicaid Insurance Perspective
Authors: Malangone-Monaco Elisabetta , Joffee Lenat , Zhezhen Jin , Hershman Dawn , Satwani Prakash
Published: March 2021

Background: Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment
regimens are lengthy, and there is limited data on the systemic and
individual economic burden associated with treatment of ALL. Objective:
This study aims to examine healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and
costs accrued during the first year of therapy among pediatric ALL
patients, and to compare costs among those who are Commercially and
Medicaid insured. Methods: Administrative claims data from 2011-16 were
analyzed utilizing IBM MarketScan. Newly-diagnosed ALL patients with at
least 12 months of enrollment were studied. Demographics and HCRU and
costs were stratified by insurance type. The mean (standard deviation
(SD) HCRU and reimbursed costs were measured during the first year
post-diagnosis. Multivariable generalized linear models were run for
total healthcare costs. Results: 730 (528 Commercial) patients with
median age of 6 years were studied. During the 12 months following
diagnosis, the mean(SD) inpatient admissions and ER visits for
Commercial and Medicaid patients was 6.2(3.7) vs. 6.0(4.6), p=0.6310 and
2.8(6.4) vs. 2.1(2.6),p=0.0380, respectively. Commercial patients
experienced more outpatient visits (77.2(28.1) versus 57.4(33.3),
p<0.0001) and less pharmacy claims (54.1(22.9) and
61.0(41.8),p<0.0001) versus Medicaid patients. Total
healthcare costs were $535,135.89($547,506.23) versus
$198,694.94($181,856.27),p<0.0001 for Commercial and
Medicaid patients, respectively. When adjusted for age and gender, total
healthcare costs in the year post-diagnosis for Commercial patients were
1.60 times the costs in patients with Medicaid. Conclusion: Pediatric
ALL patients have high HCRU and incur significant economic burden. The
total cost of care for Commercially insured patients is more than double
that of Medicaid insured patients.
Risk stratification score to determine long-term outcomes based on post-operative complications following cardiac surgery -- need of the hour?
Authors: Pahwa Siddharth
Published: March 2021

Risk models were developed to provide clinicians and hospitals with a
tool to evaluate risk-adjusted outcomes and to guide quality
improvement. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Predicted Risk of
Mortality (PROM) is the most commonly used risk algorithm, others being
the EuroSCORE logistic and additive algorithm and the Ambler Risk Score.
These models utilize pre-operative patient characteristics to predict
operative risk and early outcomes. Although a great deal of effort has
gone into models to predict short-term patient outcomes after common
cardiac operations, there has been relatively little effort to develop a
statistical algorithm to predict long-term outcomes. Moreover, no risk
model takes into account early post-operative complications to construct
an algorithm to predict long-term outcomes. The formulation of a risk
stratification score based on post-operative complications following
common cardiac surgical procedures may be used to estimate the
likelihood of long-term survival for individual complications, as well
as various permutations and combinations of complications. This may have
profound implications in devising strategies to prevent the most
devastating combination of complications. Also, this may assist in
informing patients and families of the predicted survival after a
particular complication or a combination of complications. As Dokollari
et all pointed out, there is impetus towards the direction of
formulating a risk stratification score, and this may indeed be the need
of the hour.
Gardner syndrome with odontogenic sinusitis: A case report
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Sekine Motoki , Goto Fumiyuki , Yamamoto Hikaru , Kaneda Shoji , Sakai Akihiro , Ebisumoto Koji , Maki Daisuke , Teramura Takanobu , Iijima Hiroaki , Yamauchi Mayu , Yamazaki Aritomo , Okami Kenji
Published: March 2021

Gardner syndrome (GS) with odontogenic sinusitis is rare but should be
suspected in patients with multiple osteomas of the skull and facial
bones, excess teeth, impacted teeth, and odontomas. Early diagnosis of
GS and treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis may improve
prognosis.
DNA metabarcoding quantifies relative abundances of arthropod taxa in songbird diets: validation with camera-recorded diets
Authors: Verkuil Yvonne , Nicolaus Marion , Ubels Richard , Dietz Maurine , Samplonius Jelmer , Galema Annabet , Kiekebos Kim , Knijff Peter de , Both Christiaan
Published: March 2021

Ecological research is often hampered by the inability to quantify
animal diets. Diet composition can be tracked through DNA metabarcoding
of faecal samples, but whether (complex) diets can be quantitatively
determined with metabarcoding is still debated and needs validation
using free-living animals. This study validates that DNA metabarcoding
of faeces can retrieve actual ingested taxa, and most importantly, that
read numbers retrieved from sequencing can also be used to quantify
relative abundances of dietary taxa. Validation was done with the
hole-nesting insectivorous Pied Flycatcher whose diet was quantified
using camera footage. Size-adjusted counts of food items delivered to
nestlings were used to approximate provided biomass of prey orders and
families and subsequently nestling faeces were assessed through DNA
metabarcoding. To explore potential effects of digestion, stomach and
lower intestine samples of freshly collected birds were subjected to DNA
metabarcoding. For metabarcoding with Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I
(COI), we modified published invertebrate COI primers LCO1490 and
HCO1777, which reduced host reads to 0.03%, and amplified Arachnida DNA
without significant changing the recovery of other arthropod taxa. DNA
metabarcoding retrieved all commonly camera-recorded taxa. Overall, and
in each replicate year (N = 3), the relative abundances of size-adjusted
prey counts and COI read numbers correlated at R=0.85 (CI:0.68-0.94) at
order level and at R=0.75 (CI:0.67-0.82) at family level. Similarity in
arthropod community composition between stomach and intestines suggested
limited digestive bias. This DNA metabarcoding validation demonstrates
that quantitative analyses of arthropod diet is possible. We discuss the
ecological applications for insectivorous birds.
Effects of soft water attack on Portland and natural zeolite blended cements
Authors: Milovic Tiana , Rudic Ognjen , Furgan Saeeda , Radeka Miroslava , Malesev Mirjana , Radonjanin Vlastimir , Balos Sebastian , Laban Mirjana
Published: March 2021

The durability of concrete infrastructure is related to the properties of the applied concrete and the effects of the aggressive external environment on it. When concrete is directly exposed to soft water, the leaching of calcium ions from hardened cement or cement-based pastes occurs, causing reduction in strength and further deterioration of the concrete structure. This paper presents the experimental results of soft water attack effects on phase composition and compressive strength of blended cement pastes, when cement is replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% of natural zeolite. In order to simulate soft water attack in laboratory conditions, paste specimens were exposed to leaching in deionised water up to 180 days. The evaluation of the changes in phase composition (ettringite, portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate gel) due to calcium ion leaching was made based on X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and paste compressive strength tests. The presence of portlandite and ettringite after 180 days of exposure to deionised water indicates that leaching did not influence the stability of the hydration products in blended cement pastes. Moreover, blended cement paste with 10% of natural zeolite had a higher compressive strength than the reference one.
Investigation and comparison of patient experiences with removable functional appliances:
Authors: Zybutz Tyrone , Drummond Robert , Lekic Milos , Brownlee Meredith
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To compare patients' experiences with the Invisalign Teen with Mandibular Advancement® (ITMA) and Twin Block (TB) appliances, both initially and after several months of wear.

Materials and Methods

Sixty-eight patients completed an anonymous survey after at least 2 months of wearing ITMA or TB. Forty-five patients treated with ITMA (18 boys, 27 girls, mean age 13.6 years, SD ± 1.54) and 23 patients treated with TB (13 boys, 10 girls, mean age 10.60 years, SD ± 1.92) were included.

Results

More patients using the TB found their appliance to be visually intimidating as compared with patients using the ITMA (21.7% vs 8.9%). TB was more noticeable than the ITMA (69.6% vs 25%). Appliance insertion was more difficult for TB patients (21.8% vs 4.44% for ITMA). After several months, there were more reports of tooth soreness and lip/cheek soreness in the ITMA group. TB patients were more embarrassed even after several months (14.3% vs 0% for ITMA). More TB patients required extra appointments for breakage (50% vs 22.2% for ITMA). Speech, drooling, and jaw and lip/cheek soreness worsened initially for both groups but improved over time. There were no differences between the groups regarding visible facial changes, satisfaction with treatment experience, or time to acclimatize to the appliance.

Conclusions

TB and ITMA patients shared similar experiences for most of the parameters measured, but there were significant differences between the groups regarding appliance wear and management, discomfort, and function.
HAPPEN: The Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network
Authors:   , Marchant Emily K
Published: March 2021

A complex relationship exists between health and education, with evidence demonstrating the importance of childhood health and wellbeing on academic outcomes. However, prioritising health and wellbeing within the school setting has been a challenge due to curriculum pressures and a lack of collaboration. To address these shortfalls, a primary school network, HAPPEN (Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network) was established. The overarching aim of this thesis is to develop HAPPEN, a network combining multidisciplinary expertise through a unified system of education, health and research specialists, using an action research model. This thesis examines whether HAPPEN can act as a platform to evaluate interventions in the school setting and disseminate evidence-based learning. This is presented through published research in Study 1; a qualitative analysis of curriculum-based outdoor learning and Study 2; a mixed-methods evaluation of The Daily Mile. This thesis also examines if HAPPEN can be used for observational epidemiology by identifying the factors associated with educational attainment. Study 3 presents the association between social, lifestyle and epidemiological factors with attainment at age 10-11 using linked health, educational and survey data. The final chapter presents a critical reflection of the development, scalability and sustainability of HAPPEN. Following an annual process of observation, reflection, planning and implementation, HAPPEN has expanded to a national primary school network and knowledge exchange infrastructure for schools and health professionals in Wales. The research through HAPPEN has demonstrated local, national and international impact and demonstrates the important contribution this thesis provides to the understanding of health and education. In conclusion, HAPPEN fills an important gap in the provision of a synergistic health and education tool for primary schools.
‘Public Archaeology in 10 years? We will hopefully learn to share more, and better’
Authors: De Nardi Sarah
Published: March 2021

Do we need a roadmap to the future? Or do we ‘wing it’, making it up as we go along? Big questions, but never more important than now, in this current time of uncertainty.Let’s start small, and refocus the question on our professional and scholarly area of interest and activities. While the future of the world of work certainly looks different – will robots do digging, recording and interpretation work in 2030?-  I think that the key to prepare suitable strategies for going forward is to be clear about our purpose(s). For what, and for whom, are we and will we be doing research and knowledge sharing? With whom will we operate and work in our capacity as scholars, practitioners, teachers? Even asking why do archaeology may seem straightforward now, but it isn’t. At least, it shouldn’t be.
How do I see Public Archaeology in ten years in Peru
Authors: Saucedo Segami Daniel
Published: March 2021

While thinking about how Public Archaeology would be in ten years from now in Peru, I just realized that it has been almost ten years since we held the first International Symposium of Public Archaeology in 2011 in Lima city. At that time, the concept of Public Archaeology was mostly unknown by local researchers, but there was an increasing interest, especially among young scholars. This interest contrasted with the few spaces to discuss the situation of archaeological remains in the present, their use and their relation to modern population. All these topics were considered outside of the idea of “academic archaeology”, regarding them as just practical issues relate not worthy of deep analysis, and usually related to outreach activities like education or heritage management. Therefore, this Symposium became an important milestone to open a new world of possibilities for the archaeological field in Peru, especially after the creation of the Ministry of Culture in 2010.
PENGEMBANGAN INOVASI BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) GUNA MENINGKATKAN KEAHLIAN KOMPETENSI KOMUNIKATIF SISWA KELAS XI MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Setyan Ridlotun Nuvi , Widianingsih Susan , Nisa Khoirun , Rahmawati Nurheny , Subekti Nur
Published: March 2021

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 9 Surakarta merupakan sekolah kejuruan dengan program paket keahlian Seni Rupa, Kriya dan Teknologi Multimedia ini memiliki luas wilayah kurang lebih 1300m2 dengan jumlah guru serta karyawan sebanyak 155 orang. Pengklasifikasian guru ini didasarkan pada mata pelajaran sesuai program paket keahlian yang diampu. Guru Bahasa Inggris sendiri disini diklasifikasikan dalam Guru Umum. Terkait dengan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, sekolah ini mengacu pada kurikulum 2013. Dalam kurikulum 2013, silabus yang tertulis masih bersifat umum. Jika ditilik dengan kebutuhan siswa SMK yang terdiri dari berbagai program keahlian berbeda-beda yang selayaknya membutuhkan acuan lebih, maka perlu adanya pembenahan syllabus dan bahan ajar. Siswa SMK jurusan Multimedia membutuhkan genre atau karakter materi yang berbeda dengan siswa SMA/MA. Materi yang ditawarkan kepada siswa SMK hendaklah relevan dengan prinsip Multimedia. Hasil dari observasi ini adalah berupa bahan ajar sebagai pelengkap buku utama yang digunakan oleh SMK yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 khusus untuk kelas XI yaitu jurusan Multimedia. Kesimpulan dari observasi ini adalah bahwa pengembangan buku ajar masih sangat diperlukan untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Hal ini dikarenakan kurikulum SMK masih disamakan dengan kurikulum SMA. Pada kenyataannya, kebutuhan siswa SMK sangatlah berbeda dengan kebutuhan siswa SMA/MA. Siswa SMK lebih membutuhkan mata pelajaran yang berkaitan dengan kosa-kata pengembangan teknologi sesuai prinsip Multimedia dan bahasa komunikatif yang diperlukan dalam dunia kerja.
KEGIATAN BTA SEBAGAI PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA YANG ISLAMI DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 SAMBI BOYOLALI
Authors: Ramadhanty Putri Gayatri , Wahyuni Indah
Published: March 2021

The implementation of Al-Qur'an reading and writing activities at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi Boyolali is carried out from Tuesday to Thursday, which is carried out after teaching and learning activities. This activity must be carried out by all students and students based on their abilities. For reading and writing Al-Quran Iqro 'takes place in each student's class, while for reading and writing Al-Quran and Tahfidz takes place in the mosque around the school. Application of Read and Write Al-Quran is the right way to form an Islamic character in oneself. Among the series of activities to read and write Al-Qur'an, the teacher always provides motivation, guidance and responsibility to students. The person in charge of reading and writing Al-Qur'an activities is the walikelas who holds each grade level. The series of activities to read and write Al-Qur'an are mandatory for students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi because it is a work program of the school principal himself to shape the behavior and character of students who draw closer to Allah SWT. Islamic student character can be formed in a student by practicing good life habits and always worshiping Allah SWT.
Ética na ciência: conduta e boas práticas do pesquisador para a integridade científica
Authors: Serralvo Francisco A
Published: March 2021

Partindo da premissa da importância da ética na pesquisa como fator preponderante para assegurar a integridade científica, o texto faz uma reflexão sobre os cuidados que o pesquisador-autor precisa ter para não incidir na má conduta, fator que tanto tem abalado a comunidade acadêmica. Discute as questões relacionadas à fraude acadêmica, no que se refere ao plágio e direitos autorais, reciclagem de texto (ou autoplágio) e os efeitos da publicação redundante, bem como os cuidados que se deve ter com a autocitação, a autoria indevida e a manipulação (falsificação e/ou fabricação) de dados. Reflete ainda sobre os cuidados que o pesquisador deve ter com os erros, sejam eles os erros honestos ou ingênuos. Analisa os procedimentos para a necessária correção dos erros ou das fraudes, por meio das erratas ou retratações.
PROCEDIMENTOS FILOSÓFICOS MARGINAIS. POSSÍVEIS RESISTÊNCIAS NO CENÁRIO ATUAL?
Authors: Muñoz Yolanda Gamboa
Published: March 2021

Seguindo o mesmo roteiro de exposição utilizado na participação na Mesa “A margem do pensamento calculante: sonhos e imagens no mundo da técnica”, no Primeiro Encontro de Sonhos e Imagens na Filosofia, mencionarei algumas notas interpretativas oriundas do estudo dos sonhos de Zaratustra. Posteriormente, numa referência à ampla e complexa problemática da imagem, me limitarei a assinalar, como existem, na reflexão atual, discordâncias sobre a temática da “imagem de si”, principalmente a partir de Foucault e Veyne e, finalmente, esboçarei a possibilidade de sonhos e imagem de si serem usados como procedimentos de ruptura em análises do cenário atual.
涅槃與安樂——從佛教的立場看“安樂死”問題
Authors: CHEN Kai
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.安樂死問題是當代生命倫理學中一個重要的問題，對於這一問題各界爭論不休。但是，就理論資源的角度來說，大多只是集中於醫學、哲學以及倫理學等領域，宗教倫理尤其是佛教倫理中蘊藏著豐富的理論資源，為我們認識安樂死問題提供了一個全新的視角，可以對安樂死問題的解決給出全新的答案。The problem of euthanasia (or mercy killing) is quite important in contemporary ethics. There have been a large amount of arguments among many circles. However, most contemporary discussions are limited to the theoretical resources of medicine, philosophy and ethics. In religious ethics, especially Buddhist ethics, there exists abundance of intellectual resources that could be drawn on.This essay analyses several general representative value judgments which support euthanasia. It is not difficult to find that both extreme utilitarian views and extreme human rights views on euthanasia can be taken as originating from either the classical Greek thinking or the modern Enlightenment thinking. Contemporary moralists are unable to take advantage of such views to get out of the difficulty around the issue of euthanasia. Such views often consist of some general principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, justice and etc. Interestingly, both the supporters and opponents of euthanasia can use the same set of such principles to make their arguments, and cannot persuade the other side. This situation indicates the impoverishment of such views for solving bioethical problems. It is then necessary to introduce some other traditional resources, especially Eastern religious perspectives, to reconsider the problem of euthanasia from a wider background.From the Buddhist view, all sides of the contemporary debate over the problem of euthanasia - no matter whether it is from the background of Christianity or from modern humanist thinking, actually share the same theoretical presuppositions and originate from the same cultural traditional background, although they seem to be dramatically and severely different. Both Christian theologians and modern Western Humanist intellectuals cut death from daily human life, viewing death as an enemy which people should challenge and overcome. As Buddhists see it, this attitude will surely bring the problem of euthanasia to a mess. Buddhism understands that death and life cannot be entirely separated from each other. This does not mean that Buddhism must support active euthanasia. Rather, to introduce Buddhist thinking resources into consideration over this problem could provide us a brand new perspective of understanding this problem, and may give us some new resolutions of euthanasia.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 135 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從佛教倫理學看待器官移植問題: 淨土宗的觀點
Authors: ZHANG Bin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.器官移植的問題是當代生命倫理學的一個重要問題。如果從人類自身利益出發，這種被視為拯救危重病人生命的技術，的確是醫學科學的進步，但它涉及的社會倫理道德問題十分廣泛。如果從佛教倫理學——淨土宗的觀點出發，即以緣起論來認識屍體器官移植，則認為器官移植會使死者因強烈的痛苦而生嗔惱，障礙死者往生淨土；佛教的生死分際的判定標準——阿陀那識執受根身則認為腦死亡概念是由於器官移植術而產生的“腦死”名詞。另外，佛教的護生觀和平等觀反對異種移植和器官商業化。站在佛法的角度，器官移植不僅有違“眾生平等”的精神，而且可能成為“殺生利器”。The problem of organ transplantation is an important issue in contemporary bioethics. From the vantage point of view of benefiting the human life, organ transplantation can be seen as lifesaving technology and a sign of a great progress of medical science. Nevertheless, organ transplantation involves profound ethical dimensions and ambiguities. This paper offers a study of organ transplantation from the perspective of Pure Land Buddhism. Shall then employ the Buddhist theories such as dependant origination, karma, reincarnation, and compassion to approach issues regarding cadaver organ transplantation, brain death, xeno-transplantation, and organ trading. Since Buddhist tradition holds the view that the consciousness does not leave the body that is pronounced dead immediately, it would be a problem if the organ is removed from “the dead,” which might interrupt the final destination of rebirth. The paper concludes that organ transplantation is a kind of human technology that violates the basic spirit of Buddhism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 527 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
醫師專業精神的儒家倫理解讀: 《新世紀醫師專業精神——醫師宣言》簡評
Authors: ZHANG Pingchuan
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文在介紹《新世紀醫師專業精神——醫師宣言》(Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physicians’ Charter) 產生的背景、發展狀況、醫師專業精神的基本內容與含義基礎上，從儒家醫學倫理的視角出發，結合案例分析，著重對將患者利益放在首位的原則與利他主義原則、患者自主原則、社會公平原則進行比較、分析和解讀。This essay introduces the basic content and key features of the document “Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physicians’ Charter” issued by a few American and European medical organizations in 2002. It provides a Confucian evaluation of the fundamental professional principles that the Charter upholds: the primacy of patients’ welfare, patients’ autonomy, and social justice. Drawing on rich Confucian moral and intellectual resources, this essay shows that these fundamental principles must be reinterpreted in terms of Chinese medical ethical concerns and commitments in relation to Chinese healthcare contexts. For example, the principles of the primacy of patient’s welfare and patients’ autonomy may be difficult to uphold in real-life situations. How should we resolve such conflicts? Chinese and Western views and methods may differ. This essay provides three cases to illustrate how Confucian ethical views bear on healthcare decision making. These case studies demonstrate how Confucian moral resources can be drawn on to interpret, enrich, and adapt the fundamental principles promoted by the Charter to guide Chinese health carein real-life settings.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 173 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
儒道與生命倫理
Authors: PEI Sen
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.誕生於北美的生命倫理學有著獨特的社會歷史文化背景，它是在科學技術發展的推動下，在西方資本主義發展以來個人主義的倫理傳統的基礎上，伴隨著後現代思潮發展起來的。然而由於文化傳統的不同，在中國生硬地套用西方理論，在實踐中反而會使人更加迷惘。在中國如何解決道德異鄉人共處的問題，如何建構中國本土化的生命倫理學，從與北美生命倫理學的產生背景比較的角度分析，我們得出了回溯傳統文化的結論。儒家思想作為中國傳統文化中最有影響力的一派，其價值取向和思維方式已經滲透到中國人生活的各個方面，因此在與西方生命倫理思想對話，以及建構當代的生命倫理學中儒家思想可以從以下三個方面作出貢獻：第一、倫理原則的普世性論證層面；第二、原則矛盾的解決層面；第三、具體問題層面。In this essay, I begin by addressing H. Tristram Engelhardt’s argument of the breakdown of the traditional consensus on moral and religious good. Engelhardt maintains that in the post-modern age, the possibility of constructing a full account of human good is almost impossible. People from different groups and communities engage with one another as moral strangers who need to negotiate moral arrangements. These negotiations are governed by the principle of autonomy, or the “principle of permission.” I contend that Engelhardt’s argument is also relevant in China, although from a different perspective. The traditional distinctions used to distinguish moral categories in the West very often do not fit into the context of Chinese tradition. I propose that we need to go back to our own cultural heritage, such as Confucianism, to deal with the problem of diversity and moral relativism in China, rather than being confined to a rationalized form of universal principles. Although Confucian moral judgment sometimes tends to be intuitive, it makes more sense when we are confronting specific moral dilemmas. Any moral principle, when compared with other moral principles, needs to be weighed and balanced in determining the optimal course of action.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 125 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從儒家到生命倫理學四原則
Authors: YANG Guoli
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.要解決諸如個人或國家因醫療引發的經濟上的“雙崩潰”，伴隨醫生個人權威的沒落和患者個人權利的提升造成醫療領域的“禮崩樂壞”和醫患之間道德異鄉人等的問題，首要是需要選擇一種文化為指引以便思想和行動。本文從多方面思考，認為儒家是最佳的和最具比較優勢的可選擇的文化。儒家生命倫理學的核心基礎是雙重人性觀和均衡發展論。儒家生命倫理學本質特徵是利他主義，它提供了一系列指令性、指導性和約束性的道德規範或道德標準，而這些標準在內容上更具備多樣性和包容性的價值和行為譜系，例如“仁”、“孝”。根據“孝”的道德規範，安樂死可以選擇，而自殺則不能被選擇；根據“禮”要求，儒家要建立一種基於禮樂文明的醫療衞生保健制度以進行衞生保健資源配置，這種制度完全不同於西方文化的現代財產制的分配制度。根據中庸的法則，生命倫理學的四原則可以被簡化為一個簡單的原則：微創原則。This paper discusses the possible application of the four principles of medical ethics advocated by Beauchamp and Childress to the current healthcare reform and transition in China from the perspective of someone who has many years of experience as a physician. It aims to show that many of the medical problems and solutions identified in the West also make sense in the Chinese context, although different moral language may be used. I believe that traditional resources such as the Confucian moral/ritual system can be reconstructed to handle ethical questions both in theory and in practice in China. It is argued that hospitals and physicians administer medicine through the art of benevolence. Using Confucian morality as a guide for healthcare reforms may help to make the transition period easier, and the four principles may help to standardize the regulations needed for hospitals.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 505 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
老齡化背景下長期照護的現實選擇: 基於儒家倫理觀的思考
Authors: JIANG Lanshu , ZHOU Ling , REN Ran
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中國邁入老齡化國家之後，失能老人的長期照護將會成為未來養老問題中的難點。失能老人作為病患的權利需要靠社會的福利制度來得以維繫，這在目前中國福利制度仍未十分健全的情況下是很難實現的。本文將通過對中國儒家倫理觀的思考，吸取其精華，探索老齡化背景下符合中國國情的長期照護發展之路。According to the standard set by the United Nations, if more than 10% of the population of a society is over 60 years old, then that society qualifies as an aging society. This means that China has been an aging society since 2000. Currently, China has one hundred and forty-nine million people over 60 years old, of which more than thirty million require long-term care to various degrees. 8% of elderly rural Chinese are unable to afford institutional long-term care, even if such institutional care is available. Obviously, China faces grave challenges in providing long-term care for its ever-increasing elderly population.Unfortunately, Chinese bioethics has failed to conduct careful research on these challenges to develop appropriate Chinese public policy on long-term care. This essay offers a Confucian ethical approach to the issue and proposes a series of policy recommendations framed in terms of Confucian ethical concerns. As is well known, Confucian ethics places great emphasis on the virtue of filial piety (xiao) on the part of children, who are expected to respect and take care of their elderly parents. It is the Confucian view that elderly people should, insofar as is possible, live at home, with the assistance of their children, and lead their elderly lives among their children and grandchildren. Living in an institution with other elderly people is not considered a normal, much less ideal, human living environment. This essay argues that this Confucian value should be preserved in contemporary Chinese society. This requires proper policy formulation and governmental contributions. First, in moral education, the Confucian virtue of filial piety and familial interdependence, rather than individual independence, should be promoted. Second, the government should provide financial incentives and awards to children who choose to stay home to take care of their elderly parents or grandparents. Finally, based on the Confucian virtue of beneficence (ren), the government should offer special assistance to families with seriously disabled elderly members. People should also be encouraged to organize volunteer groups to offer help to needy families. In short, the Confucian moral principle of reciprocity (“do not impose on others what you would not want others to do to you”) suggests that if we do not want to be abandoned by our children and by society when we become old, it is high time for us to act and set appropriate long-term policies.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 935 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Prospects for the use of used plastic products in the construction industry
Authors: Aliev Ruslan Parazhutdinovich , Krevskii Ilia Aleksandrovich , Simin Egor Alekseevich , Kirichenko Maksim Olegovich
Published: March 2021

The waste generated by the use of single-use plastic products becomes extremely dangerous to the environment due to their large amount generated, which causes serious harm to both the environment and its inhabitants. The main victim of this threat is the marine environment. Plastic waste generated on land ends up in water bodies, where it causes harmful effects such as flooding and poisoning of animals in the marine ecosystem. Plastics in the marine environment that enter the body of fish are also harmful to human health if such fish are eaten, as this can cause cancer in humans. To find an effective way to manage this waste and improve the sustainability of the environment, different approaches to recycling plastic waste into new products are being explored. In particular, the use of plastic waste in construction will significantly improve the sustainability of the environment, as well as serve as a reliable source of materials for construction purposes.
On some evolution inclusions in non separable Banach spaces
Authors: Cernea Aurelian
Published: March 2021

We study a Cauchy problem of a class of nonconvex second-order integro-differential inclusions and a boundary value problem associated to a semilinear evolution inclusion defined by nonlocal conditions in non-separable Banach spaces. The existence of mild solutions is established under Filippov type assumptions.
Datko criteria for uniform instability in Banach spaces
Authors: Boruga Toma Rovana , Megan Mihail
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper is to present some necessary and sufficient conditions of Datko type for the uniform exponential and uniform polynomial instability concepts for evolution operators in Banach spaces.
Asymptotic behavior of inexact infinite products of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J.
Published: March 2021

"We analyze the asymptotic behavior of inexact infinite products of nonexpansive mappings, which take a nonempty closed subset of a complete metric space into the space, in the case where the errors are sufficiently small."
Kalman's filtering technique in structural equation modeling
Authors: Bolla Marianna , Abdelkhalek Fatma
Published: March 2021

"Structural equation modeling finds linear relations between exogenous and endogenous latent and observable random vectors. In this paper, the model equations are considered as a linear dynamical system to which the celebrated R.~E.~K\'alm\'an's filtering technique is applicable. An artificial intelligence is developed, where the partial least squares algorithm of H.~Wold and the block Cholesky decomposition of H.~Kiiveri et al. are combined to estimate the parameter matrices from a training sample. Then the filtering technique introduced is capable to predict the latent variable case values along with the prediction error covariance matrices in the test sample. The recursion goes from case to case along the test sample, without having to re-estimate the parameter matrices.
The algorithm is illustrated on real life sociological data."
Perfil psicolingüístico de los bilingües otomí (hñäñho)-español, migrantes de Santiago Mexquititlán a Santiago de Querétaro, México
Authors: Mulík Stanislav , Corona Dzul Beerelim , Amengual Mark , Carrasco Ortíz Haydée
Published: March 2021

El estudio del bilingüismo se ha enfocado principalmente en hablantes de lenguas indoeuropeas (lenguas mayoritarias). A pesar de que México cuenta con una cantidad importante de hablantes bilingües de lenguas indígenas y español, esta situación bilingüe ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el perfil psicolingüístico de bilingües hñäñho-español, migrantes de Santiago Mexquititlán, Amealco, a Santiago de Querétaro, México. Con esta motivación, se empleó el “Perfil Lingüístico del Bilingüe” (BLP), un cuestionario con el que se recabaron datos de 18 bilingües hñäñho-español que proporcionaron información sobre cuatro factores: el historial lingüístico, el uso de lengua, la competencia y las actitudes hacia sus lenguas. Se identificaron bilingües balanceados entre el hñäñho y el español (n=13) y bilingües dominantes en español (n=5), pero no bilingües dominantes en hñäñho. El análisis de componentes principales demostró que el historial lingüístico y la competencia en la lengua fueron los factores que más contribuyen en la determinación de la dominancia lingüística. Además, se encontró que aquellos hablantes que tienen un mayor uso de la lengua también tienen más altos niveles de competencia lingüística en hñäñho. Por tanto, se sugiere que para el mantenimiento de la primera lengua (hñäñho) es necesario fomentar la competencia y el uso de la lengua.