bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ansiedade: aspectos gerais e tratamento com enfoque nas plantas com potencial ansiolítico
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Francisco de , Oliveira Ykaro Richard , Calou Iana Bantim Felício
Published: April 2018

Estima-se que 10-30% da população mundial sofra de ansiedade. Essa doença se manifesta por sensações de mal-estar psíquico, traduzidos por uma variedade de perturbações somáticas relacionadas à hiperatividade autonômica. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os aspectos mais relevantes da ansiedade, dos seus tratamentos e das perspectivas de abordagens terapêuticas advindas das plantas medicinais. A indústria farmacêutica dispõe de um grande arsenal terapêutico para a ansiedade, não obstante, sua maioria é constituída por fármacos que atuam de forma poderosa sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central, gerando inúmeros efeitos adversos em seus usuários. Dessa forma, a busca por alternativas mais seguras e efetivas encontra nas plantas medicinais uma fonte promissora, sendo grande a variedade de plantas usadas com esse propósito, onde a maioria delas já passou por testes pré-clínicos, no entanto, estes devem ser complementados com testes clínicos a fim de atestar a segurança e a eficácia das mesmas. Foi percebido que a maioria das ervas medicinais devidamente testadas podem servir como alternativas aos ansiolíticos tradicionais em pacientes que não conseguem adesão à terapia convencional, entretanto, merecem destaque a Piper methysticum G. Forster e as plantas do genêro Passiflora, sendo essas bastante utilizadas e de eficácia comprovada, logo, a bioprospecção molecular objetivando a descoberta de novas drogas ansiolíticas tem ganhado impulso uma vez que a busca por terapias alternativas e/ou complementares está em franca ascensão por aqueles que padecem de desordens do humor e de ansiedade.
Uso da cocaína: de Chernoviz (1904) aos dias atuais
Authors: Lima Matheus Eugênio de Sousa , Cunha Samuel Frota , Lopes Lívia Maria Eugênio , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: April 2018

Durante os tempos de império, a medicina brasileira era pouco presente em grande parte do território. A população, pois, fazia o uso de manuais para suprir essa necessidade, e assim, garantir o cuidado à saúde. “Formulário”, escrito por Chernoviz, é um deles. Neste livro, é possível obter informações sobre uma grande quantidade de substâncias medicinais, porém uma nos chama a atenção: a cocaína. Por muito tempo, essa droga foi utilizada para diversos fins terapêuticos, dentre eles, a anestesia. No entanto, com o desenvolvimento de estudos toxicológicos e as mudanças na dinâmica social, a cocaína foi perdendo, aos poucos, seu papel como medicamento e ganhando, cada vez mais, o aspecto de droga de abuso. Por meio de um estudo de análise teórica, do tipo revisão narrativa, é descrita não só a utilização histórica da cocaína como medicamento - especialmente sob o olhar de Chernoviz -, como também suas aplicações atuais (e de seus derivados) e a mudança de panorama da droga, abordando seus efeitos tóxicos sobre o organismo e seu impacto social.
USO DE BIOINDICADORES NO MONITORAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA
Authors: Danze Alana de Pontes , Vercellino Ilka Schincariol
Published: April 2018

Com o avanço da tecnologia e da globalização há cada vez mais um aumento das atividades antrópicas sobre o meio ambiente. Com relação aos recursos hídricos, sabe se que a qualidade da água é obtida por um conjunto de parâmetros que podem ser medidos por características físicas, químicas e biológicas. Uma das medidas desenvolvidas para melhorar o controle de qualidade hídrico é o biomonitoramento, a técnica utiliza bioindicadores para diagnosticar impactos a saúde do ecossistema e é considerada uma ferramenta importante na administração dos recursos naturais por fornecer informações que podem dar suporte a legislação. Caracterizados por sua variedade de espécies, dinâmica de nutrientes e ciclo de vida longo, os macroinvertebrados bentônicos se destacam e são os mais utilizados em trabalhos de biomonitoramento.Conhecer e estabelecer novos e melhores bioindicadores de poluição e contaminação da água é de grande importância para facilitar o monitoramento ambiental e torna-lo cada vez mais preciso.
Introduction to “Specialised portals, online information services, scholarly online networks: the impact of e-infrastructures on science communication and scholarly community building”
Authors: Hommrich Dirk
Published: April 2018

While most researchers still primarily use emails and simple websites for professional communication, the number of specialised online portals, information services and scholarly social online networks is constantly growing. This development led to the 6th workshop organized by the team of openTA, an online portal for technology assessment. This issue of JCOM pools commentaries on the workshop which deal with questions such as: what are the criteria of successful digital infrastructures? Which potential for changing workflows or scholarly interaction and collaboration patterns do we ascribe to digital infrastructures?
Open science in the making: preliminary remarks on the putative effects of specialised online portals on scholarly collaboration and community building
Authors: Hommrich Dirk
Published: April 2018

This commentary introduces a preliminary conceptual framework for approaching putative effects of scholarly online systems on collaboration inside and outside of academia. The first part outlines a typology of scholarly online systems (SOS), i.e., the triad of specialised portals, specialised information services and scholarly online networks which is developed on the basis of nine German examples. In its second part, the commentary argues that we know little about collaborative scholarly community building by means of SOS. The commentary closes with some remarks on further research questions regarding the putative impact of such systems on science communication and scholarly community building.
DO REALLY EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT AND SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT AFFECT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE?
Authors: Amin Shofia , Mawaddah Nany
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of emotional quotient on work performance, and the effect of spiritual quotient on work performance at BPMPPT of Jambi City. Using 68 employees as respondent, the data were collected by distributing questionnaire and analyzed by using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the analysis show that overall emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence employee BPMPPT Jambi city is at a high level of quotient. While employee performance BPMPPT Jambi city is at a level of performance was enough. The statistical analysis shows that partially and simultantly emotional quotient and spiritual quotient has significant and positive effect on employee performance.

Keywords: Emotional Quotient, Spiritual Quotient, Performance
A method for computing the edge-hyper-Wiener index of partial cubes and an algorithm for benzenoid systems
Authors: Tratnik Niko
Published: April 2018

The edge-hyper-Wiener index of a connected graph G is defined as WWe(G)=1/2
?{e,f}?E(G) d(e,f) + 1/2 ? {e,f}?E(G)d(e,f)2. We develop a method for
computing the edge-hyper-Wiener index of partial cubes, which constitute a
large class of graphs with a lot of applications. It is also shown how the
method can be applied to trees. Furthermore, an algorithm for computing the
edge-hyper-Wiener index of benzenoid systems is obtained. Moreover, the
algorithm is used to recalculate already known closed formulas for the
edge-Wiener index and the edge-hyper-Wiener index of linear polyacenes.
Finally, the method is presented on a benzenoid system with more complicated
structure.
Spasticity - a result of central nervous system injury
Authors: Naumovic Nada
Published: April 2018

Introduction. Spasticity is an interrrupted or constant hyperactivity of the
sceletal muscles, caused by lesion of the upper motor neuron. The aim of
this article was to gather scientifically and clinically important data
about spasticity. Morpho-functional basis on which spasticity originates.
The spasm is motoric disorder in which an increased muscle tone is present
(especially of antigravity muscles), with slower movements and tendency of
appearing moderate atrophy and contractures. Etiology. Spasticity may be
caused by stroke; demyelinating diseases (sclerosis multiplex, amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis); cerebral palsy; tumors; brain and spinal cord damage
(trauma, ischemia, surgical intervention); other neurodegenerative diseases.
Symptoms. There are a number of symptoms: increased muscle tone, joint
stiffness, overactive reflexes, involuntary jerky movements, which may
include spasms and clonus, pain, decreased functional abilities and delayed
motor development, difficulty with care and hygiene, unusual posture,
abnormal positioning of fingers, wrists, arms, or shoulders, contractures or
muscle tightness. Management of spasticity- therapeutic treatment: physical
therapy and rehabilitation, medicamentous and surgical treatment.
Conclusion. Spasticity is a complex phenomenon with constant hyperactivity
of the sceletal muscles, it is one component of upper motoneuron syndrome
and many neurological diseases and disorders. Therapeutic treatment of
spasticity should be highly specific, individualized, multidisciplinar and
conducted carefully, controlled with the purpose of functional improvement
and pain relief. It is significant to know that sometimes spasticity is
useful and should not be removed. There is a need for standardized protocols
for ?best practice? in management of spasticity.
Delayed splenic rupture in massive splenomegaly - a case report
Authors: Putnik Srdjan , Ilic Miroslav
Published: April 2018

Introduction. We present a patient with a delayed rupture of the spleen
following a mild abdominal trauma. For years, the patient was treated for
hereditary massive splenomegaly with thrombocytopenia, without established
etiology. Case Report. The initial non-operative treatment lasted seven days,
after which the patient was readmitted to the Emergency Department with signs
of intra-abdominal hemorrhage and underwent emergency open splenectomy. Even
after pathohistological examination, the etiology of massive splenomegaly
remained unknown. Conclusion. Conservative treatment is not recommended in
cases of massive splenomegaly; thorough surgical observation in a tertiary
care hospital with interventional radiology and a good multidisciplinary team
is necessary, while splenectomy is a surgery of choice.
INTRODUKSI FORMULA PUPUK HAYATI BERBAHAN AKTIF PSEUDOMONAD FLUORESCENT ISOLAT PF-122 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI DI LAPANG
Authors: Wuryandari Yenny , Wiyatiningsih Sri , . Maroeto
Published: April 2018

Introduction of biofertilizer containing pseudomonad fluorescent isolate Pf-122 as active ingredient for improving growth and production of chili plant in the field.Some biological control agents required an efficient formulation required to be apply on large scale in the field. The purpose of this research is to review some biofertilizer formulations form of active ingredients pseudomonad fluorescent Pf-122 which can increase growth and production chilli in the field. The research using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) which consists three kinds of formulation. The formulations are powder, granules and pellets. Chilli without formulations as a control. The best results was growth and production of chilli can be showed from plant height, branch number, productive branch number, fruit number, and fruit weight which was given powder formulation. The results of fruit number, the powder formulation which is given can produce double chilli yield than yield from control plant. Moreover, weight fruit from chilli which is given powder formulation can produce fourfold yields. Growth and production chilli which is given others formulations such as granules and pellets were not significantly different results. The overall result of this research, the best formulation to increase growth and production of chilli in the field was formulations contain active biopesticide pseudomonad fluorescent Pf-122 in powder.
PENGARUH FRAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR CINA (AGLAIA ODORATA L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN COLLETOTRICHUM CAPSICI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: . Efri , Aeny Titik Nur , Maryono Tri , Ronalddi Eko
Published: April 2018

Influence of Aglaia odorata L. leaf extract on in vitro growth of chilli antrachnose fungi (Colletotrichum capsici). Pacar cina (Aglaia odorata L.) is known as one of the potential herbs as fungicides. The objective of this study was to determine The effectiveness of various leaf extract fractions of pacar cina as a fungicide to suppress the in vitro growth of C. capsici, The causal agent of anthracnose disease on chili. This study consisted of two sub-experiments. The first experiment consisted of 12 treatments: leaf extract fractions with distilled water solvent, leaf extract fractions with ethanol solvent with a concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90%, propineb 0.2 % (synthetic fungicides) and control (without fungicide). The Second experiment consisted of 12 treatments: leaf extract fractions with distilled water solvent, leaf extract fractions with the solven of n-hexane at a concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90%, propineb 2% (synthetic fungicides), and control (without fungicides). The treatmentswerearranged by completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Variables measured in this experiment were colony diameter and density of spores of C. capsici. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between the mean values was tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with the level of 5% significant different. Additionally, leaf extract that effectively inhibited the growth of C. capsici was the fraction of the leak extract with 80% ethanol solvent and 10%, 60%, and 90% n-hexanesolvent. The result showed that the leaf extract fraction of pacar cina was potentially used as fungicide to inhibit the growth of C. capsici.
AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSL.) A GRAY (ASTERACEAE) TERHADAP ULAT DAUN KUBIS PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)
Authors: Firmansyah Efrin , . Dadang , Anwar Ruli
Published: April 2018

Insecticidal activity of extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) is one of the most destructive pests on cruciferous plants. Generally farmers use synthetic insecticides to control this pest. Intensive and excessive use of insecticides can cause some undesirable effects such as resistance, resurgence, and contamination of insecticide on environment. One effort to solve the problems caused by synthetic insecticides use is by utilization of botanical materials that are potential to be used as botanical insecticides, one of them is Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae). The purpose of this research was to study the insecticidal activity of T. diversifolia as a botanical insecticide against P. xylostella. The leaf residual and topical application methods were used to assess the mortality effect of the extracts. Insect mortality rate was analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 and LC95 values. The results showed that the flower extract had better activity on insect mortality than the leaf extract both in leaf residual and topical application treatments.
Evaluation of Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay and Rapid Immuno-Diagnostic Test for Rabies Antigen Detection in Archived Dog Brain Tissues
Authors: Okoh G. R. , Kazeem H. M. , Kia G. S. N. , Mailafia S.
Published: April 2018

Rabies urgently requires strengthening of new and existing diagnostic methodology in order to overcome the threat it poses. We evaluated the Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and the Rapid Immunodiagnostic Test (RIDT) in detecting rabies viral antigens, comparing both tests with the Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT) which is the gold standard in rabies diagnosis. Fifty dog brain tissues collected from the archives of the Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, were utilized for this study. ELISA performed better than RIDT and recorded equivalent result with DFAT as compared with RIDT. There was a 96 % agreement between ELISA and DFAT for rabies antigen detection (concordance coefficient 78 % : 95 % C. I. 0.6366 to 0.8654) while there was a 54 % agreement between RIDT and DFAT (concordance coefficient 17 % : 95 % C. I. 0.05138—0.2752). Compared to DFAT, the sensitivities of ELISA and RIDT were 95.5 % and 47.6 %, respectively, and the specificities of ELISA and RIDT were 100 % and 87.5 % respectively. The simple Cohen’s kappa coefficient for ELISA related to the DFAT was found to be 0.834 (95 % C. I. 0.613—1.0). For RIDT, the Kappa value was 0.170 (95 % C. I. 0.003—0.337). The ELISA is as reliable a diagnostic method as the DFAT which is the gold standard for rabies diagnosis. It has an advantage of being able to analyse large number of samples at the same time, making it more suitable for epidemiological studies and for laboratories that cannot perform the DFAT. The unsatisfactory result of RIDT in this study reiterates the need to perform an adequate test validation before it can be used in the laboratory for rabies diagnosis.
Addition of Dried Blood Plasma to Feed of Minks During Lactation and Rearing of Kits
Authors: Nowakowicz-Dębek B. , Wlazło Ł. , Bis-Wencel H. , Hromada R. , Śmiech A. , Sasakova N. , Zoń A.
Published: April 2018

Studies on the effects of dried blood plasma on certain health parameters of mink (of the pastel variety) were conducted during lactation and the rearing of the kits. The study included two groups of mink (control group and experimental group). Animals in the experimental group received 0.5 % of dry blood plasma and the control group did not receive the plasma supplement. From the whole blood of both groups the direct and indirect haematological indices were recorded. Also, in both groups, the histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the: liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal segments. From the experimental group some of the organs examined demonstrated slightly altered histopathology.
Avifauna of Lake Geča — Pilot Faunistic and Serological Study
Authors: Danielová P. , Korytár Ľ. , Csank T.
Published: April 2018

Lake Geča is located in the northern part of the Protected Bird Territory Košická kotlina. With a surface area of 250 ha it is the largest water area in the complex of a number of gravel lake areas located close to the villages Čaňa and Geča. From 2014—2016 we used the method of capture and ringing to focus on observations of transmigrating passerine birds species. This pilot study included serological testing of selected passerine species for the presence of specific antibodies to Usutu virus (USUV) by the virus neutralization test. During the field research we obtained 1077 data about ringed birds of 43 species. We received one report about the presence of a bird ringed in our study from another location in Slovakia, and 3 long distance (above 100 km) reports from Hungary, Czechia and Croatia. No specific antibodies against USUV were detected in the birds tested.
Anterior skull base meningiomas: surgery related hypothalamic sequalae. How to avoid?
Authors: El Badry Ashraf , Taha Ahmed Nageeb
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Surgical: morbidities related to anterior skull base meningiomas are widely addressed in the literature and mostly related to tumor relations to cranial nerves and vascular structures in this challenging area. However; there is infrequent complications related to hypothalamic insult either from direct affection or via manipulation of vascular supply of this area.

The aim of this study: is to address hypothalamic complications occurred after surgery for anterior skull base meningiomas, pitfalls in our surgical technique and the way to minimize such morbidities.

Patients and methods: Retrospective study was conducted on all patients who did surgery for anterior skull base meningiomas in the neurosurgery department, Mansoura University during the period from 2011 to 2016. All the patients clinical and radiological data before and after surgery were analyzed. All patients who developed transient or permeant hypothalamic manifestation were included in this study and data regarding their tumor morphology, surgical technique and post-operative early and late imaging were assessed.

Results: Among 93 patients who did surgery for anterior skull base meningiomas; 12 patients developed post-operative sequalae related to hypothalamic function. In 7 patients; tumor was recurrent and in 4 patients; conformal radiotherapy was given after the initial surgery. Complication was transient in 3 patients and permeant in 9 patients. 8 patients died from their hypothalamic sequalae. Early post-operative imaging showed hypothalamic infarction in 8 patients.

Conclusion: Through reviewing these cases we can address the importance of many factors in the tumours especially size, morphology, recurrence who increase hypothalamic insults. Factors in surgery include preservation of arachnoid plain, perforators, meticulous dissection for minimize this complication.
Management of C2-C3 fracture subluxation by anterior cervical approach and C2-C3 trans-cortical screw placement
Authors: Agrawal Amit
Published: April 2018

Cervical spine injuries are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma victims. Upper cervical spine injuries account for about 24% of acute fractures and dislocations and one third of fractures occur at the level of C2, while one half of injuries occur at the C6 or C7 levels. In contrast to this approach we used the transverse cervical, platysma splitting incision at a lower (C3-C4 disc) to expose the upper cervical spine particularly lower border of C3 (entry point for the screw).
Challenge of Teaching English in a Heterogeneous Classroom
Authors: Svensson Annette
Published: April 2018

The present study aims to explore in what ways teachers at upper secondary level work in a diverse classroom with particular focus on the students’ heterogeneous knowledge of the English language. This heterogeneity, the participants experience, is primarily caused by the discrepancy between those students who use English to a great extent outside the classroom through, for example, frequently playing computer games, and those students who do not use the English language at all outside a school context. In order to explore this aim, a pilot study was conducted where five teachers at upper secondary level were interviewed. The results show that this heterogeneity is their most challenging part of working as English teachers today. It thus adds to other factors, such as, multiculturalism, multilingualism, difficulties with reading and writing etc. and makes it an even more difficult task for teachers to support every student’s individualised learning. The results further show that despite the teachers’ attempts to differentiate the English education, there is a lack of, and need for, strategies that are useful to support an individualised learning in a heterogeneous classroom.
Default heterosexualitet i arbetet med noveller i språkundervisning på högstadiet
Authors: Simonsson Angelica
Published: April 2018

This article studies the production of heterosexuality as a default setting in a language classroom. Using observations in a year 8 Swedish class as a method for data production, the focus is on the production of sexuality in the interaction between the teacher, the pupils and the teaching material in the class- room work with three short stories. The aim is to problematize the way hetero- sexuality is being reproduced as taken for granted, both through the content of the short stories and through the interaction in class around the stories. The analyses shows that the continuous unmarked presence of heterosexual narratives serve as a default background in the short stories and is followed up in the teaching in its focus on the dramaturgic aspects of writing a short story rather than on the meaning making aspects of writing and reading. The practices of taking heterosexuality for granted reproduce heterosexuality as a default in the classroom, which reproduces it as normative, whilst also creating a pedagogical leeway.
Erkännandets dynamik - förskoleklasslärares tolkningar av ny läroplanstext
Authors: Lago Lina , Ackesjö Helena , Persson Sven
Published: April 2018

Swedish preschool class got its first specific curriculum in 2016. Because of this, the preschool class can be said to face change where existing practice meets new policy. This study aims to analyze how teachers in preschool classes do policy during this time of change by studying how teachers in preschool class relate the new curriculum to existing practice. New institutionalism, theory of professionalism and policy enactment theory are used to understand this. The data used are conversations with teachers at three different schools. The results show that parallel processes of recontextualization are initiated when new curriculum is confronted with the teachers' interpretations of their assignment, i.e. a simultaneous process of adaptation and change of existing pedagogical practice take place. Teachers interpret the new curriculum and relate to it as a whole. They express a recognition in terms of a societal trust in the teaching they conduct. Even though the teachers express that the new curriculum gives them trust, professional exclusivity and legitimacy, they also interpret it as a recognition of things they want to change in the educational practice. It is through this recognition that the teachers interpret and do policy. The article discusses a shift of the position of the preschool class in the education system.
Multimodala bedömningspraktiker och lärares lärande
Authors: Cederlund Katarina , Sofkova Hashemi Sylvana
Published: April 2018

The article reports on a study where teachers in early primary school were presented to tools to approach texts and meaning-­making from a multimodal perspective. The study aims to develop knowledge of enabling and constraining factors for the development of a multimodal assessment practice. To do so, we examine how teachers’ understanding of quality in students’ multimodal texts is manifested in assessments, and how this relates to available tools. The findings are discussed with the help of Bernstein's (1990; 2000) theoretical framework and focus on the conditions for teachers' work and learning. The study demonstrates teachers’ attention to multimodal text quality as ability to follow writing conventions, organize text and communicate content with several interacting resources. Available tools shape and broaden what is noticed. However, to give content to the metalanguage further knowledge on the use of different semiotic resources is needed. The study hereby raises the importance of interdisciplinary perspective on multimodal assessment.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Adopsi Petani dalam Penerapan Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo di Desa Sukosari Kecamatan Kasembon Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Farid Abdul , Romadi Ugik , Witono Djoko
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi petani dalam penerapan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kasembon pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan kuesioner tertutup dengan alat pengukuran skala Likert pada 80 responden. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi, dan pengaruh faktor internal dan eksternal petani terhadap peluang adopsi sistem tanam jajar legowo dianalisis dengan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap petani memiliki kecenderungan positif sebanyak 72,5% terhadap peluang adopsi sistem tanam jajar legowo berdasarkan prinsip sistem tanam jajar legowo. Faktor internal petani menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap peluang adopsi sistem tanam jajar legowo adalah variabel umur dan profitabilitas, sedangkan faktor eksternal petani berpengaruh negatif adalah variabel harga. Variabel-variabel lainnya yaitu pendidikan, pengalaman, lahan, intensitas penyuluhan, materi penyuluhan, metode penyuluhan dan media penyuluhan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peluang adopsi sistem tanam jajar legowo
Industrial relations legislation in 1985
Authors: Hodge W. C.
Published: April 2018

This note outlines and discusses the major changes in industrial legislation to take place in New Zealand during 1985.
New Zealand labour force participation: the ninety years to 1981
Authors: Revell P. M. , Brosnan Peter
Published: April 2018

This paper emanines labour force participation in New Zealand from l891 to 1981. It commences with a brief review of previous work in the area and then draws upon data from the New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings to investigate participation races. Age-specific data for Maoris, non-Maoris and Pacific Island Polynesians are analysed and male rates are compared with female rates. The paper concludes by identifying unresolved questions requiring further research.
Changing retirement patterns in New Zealand, 1976 and 1981
Authors: Rochford Mike
Published: April 2018

In New Zealand, as in many developed countries, the general trend this century has been towards earlier retirernent. This trend has accelerated since the 1960s. Between 1976 and 1981 the shift to earlier retirentent was characterised by an increase in retirement at the age of 60 and a decrease in retirement at the age of 65. Female retirement pattrrns became increasingly similar to male retirement patterns. The effect of the introduction of National Superannuation on retirement patten1s is a question which is addressed in this paper.
Occupational and industrial change in the New Zealand workforce
Authors: Smith David F.
Published: April 2018

This paper examines changes in the occupational and industrial composition of the New Zealand workforce between 1956 and 1981 with particular emphasis upon white-collar employment. The reseach study from which the data are derived examined the growth and unionisation of New Zealand's white-collar workforce, and was completed in 1984 (Sn1ith. 1984). Though the main aim of the research was to examine white-collar unionism, it produced valuable data on occupational and industrial change which it is felt viould be of interest to a wider audience. Data are presented on changes to the occupational and industrial composition of the workforce, including inter-industry employment changes, the growth of white-collar occupations and the gender composition of the white-collar workforce. The paper concludes with an examination of the relative impact of industry and occupation effects upon changes in the workforce structure.
The revival of China's organised Labour 1973-86
Authors: Morris Richard
Published: April 2018

This paper analyses the development and role of Chinese trade unions in the post Cultural Revolution era. The growth of organised labour fronz virtual dissolution in the late 1960s is charted at national and enterprise level. The text outlines significant post 1973 trade union involvement in industrial welfare, education and productivity. The current status of wage fixation and grievance handling in Chinese labour relations is also explored. The paper concludes by appraising Chinese trade unionisrn and its relationship to industrial policy in recent times.
Industrial relations at Motonui an examination of a successful industrial relations strategy on a large construction project
Authors: Cammock Peter
Published: April 2018

This paper prerents a description of industrial relations on the Motonui methanol plant project. In particular it examines the approach to industrial relations taken by the major contractor Bechtel (Pacific) Corporation Ltd. The paper argues that managerial practice can significantly increase industrial harnony even in industries with a predisposition to conflict. The case of the Motonui project is presented in support of this argument.
Damages in the economic torts
Authors: Hughes John
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the principles governing the award of damages through actions in the economic torts. It applies those principles to industrial relations and examines the possible impact on such actions of the Labour Relations Act 1987.
Compulsory arbitration: the next 40 years
Authors: Franks Peter
Published: April 2018

This comment argues that there must be a follom-up study to James Holt's Compulsory arbitration in New Zealand - the first fourty years and examines three issues important to any such study: the formulation of new unions after 1936: the way the arbitration system has protected vulnerable groups of workers: and women's wages and equal pay.
Final Offer Arbitration and the State Sector Act
Authors: Geare Alan
Published: April 2018

The first version of the State Sector Bill (State Sector Bill {l)) specified that the Labour Relations Act 1987 would apply in the State Services with respect to dispute settlement Under the Labour Relations Act 1987, the procedure of conciliation may be used only in situations involving two or more employers (s.l34(4)). Hence, to be consistent, conciliation was not available as an option in the state services. Furthennore, arbitration under the Labour Relations Act only operates when both parties agree to its use, and thus compulsory arbitration is no longer available. Thus, the State Sector Bill (I) presented the state unions with the scenario of losing their right to annual general adjusunents and with the possibility of arbitration no longer being available (should the State Services Commission (SSC) or the corresponding "employer" refuse to agree to arbitration). In addition to these very real problems, there were also fears among some groups that they would/could lose other rights (such as parental leave) not written into detern1inations or otherwise provided for in legislation. Some state unions deplored the fact that State Sector Bill (1) encouraged strike action - and went out on strike in protest. After protests and strike action, and further submissions, a second version of the State Sector Bill appeared dated 16 March 1988. This, State Sector Bill (2), provides the basis for the following discussions. It is assumed the State Sector Act, due to take effect from April 1, will not be significantly altered from this.
Whatever happened to second tier ettlements? A survey of settlements under the Labour Relations Act 1987
Authors: Harbridge Raymond
Published: April 2018

The Labour Relations Act 1987 provides a Package that will enable employers to effectively dismantle the system of national awards should they so desire. Such employers will no doubt use the provisions of the Act that restrict unions to a single set of negotiations for any group of workers thus effectively eliminating secondary bargaining as we have known it. This research examines what has happened to second tier settlements in the 1987/88 wage round. It is concluded that this wage round has been very much treated as a transitional round as far as wage bargaining is concerned. New rules effectively eliminating secondary bargaining have been widely ignored by unions and employers alike as both groups grapple with difficult decisions about the future of wage bargaining. Old practises have been informally continued in many industries. There is some evidence however that the maintenance of the nationui award system in future wage rounds will present significant problems for some unions.
The Origins and development of the personal grievance jurisdiction in New Zealand
Authors: Anderson Gordon
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the background to the personal grievance procedure introduced in the Industrial Relations Act 1973 and the implementation of the procedure up to the time of the reform of the law in 1987. The central role of the Arbitration Court in developing the minimal legislative framework of the law is stressed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the debate leading up to the reforms and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the procedure at that point.
The new jurisdiction: the impact of the Labour Relations Act
Authors: Hughes John
Published: April 2018

The new jurisdiction conferred on the Labour Court by Part IX of the Labour Relations Act 1987 has a number of facets. First, there has been a widening of the categories of worker who may use the procedure, not only under the 1987 Act but also by virtue of the State Sector Act 1988. Secondly, there have been substantial changes to the way in which the personal grievance procedure operates. Thirdly, the grounds upon which a personal grievance claim may now be brought have been expanded. Fourthly, the available remedies, whilst not substantially changed, have been "tidied up". The treatment of these changes in this paper will be selective. The procedural changes have been excellently covered in Mike Dawson's indispensable guide Handling Personal Grievances Under the Labour Relations Act 1987 (Canterbury Trade Unions Research and Training Group/UEA, 1988). I would like to take the opportunity to highlight what seem to me to be some of the more far-reaching changes and, in the course of the paper, touch only lightly on the distinctly "procedural" aspects of the changes since the Labour Relations Act 1987 carne into force. Surprisingly few decisions so far have turned on the new provisions. Most retread the familiar ground of unjustifiable dismissal.
Welfare benefits and labour supply: a review of the empirical evidence
Authors: Brosnan Peter , Wilson Moira , Wong Dio
Published: April 2018

Assertions about the impact of welfare benefits on labour supply have often been made in claims that the New Zealand benefit system is in need of reform. This paper provides a review of empirical evidence of the relationship between labour supply decisions and the level, duration and eligibility requirements of unemployment benefits and income support provisions such as the Domestic Purposes Benefit. No clear cut conclusions emerge from the literature. In general the empirical/ink between disincentives to work in the benefit system and actual work behaviour is either insignificant or not substantial in terms of total labour supply.
Low pay and industrial relations: the case of contract cleaning
Authors: Brosnan Peter , Wilson Frank
Published: April 2018

A key feature of the present government's economic strategy has been to directly, and indirectly, undermine pay and conditions of employment. Unemployment, although an inevitable by-product of the government's industrial and monetary-fiscal policies, has been blamed on the wage fixing system and on the levels of pay. In tum, the government and employer interests have been able to use the growth of unemployment as a legitimization of their attacks on the pay fixing system and the level of pay. Real wages, both gross and net, are now lower on average than when the present government was first elected in 1984 and the thrust of current government policy is to lower them further. This decline in real gross wages has been far from evenly shared. While the lowest quintile of wage earners experienced a fall in real income of 3.5 percent between September 1984 and the end of 1987, the top quintile experienced an increase of 1.1 percent. Real net wages for the lowest quintile fell by 0.4 percent while those of the top quintile rose 4.5 percent (Brosnan and Wilkinson, 1989, Table 2).
Multinationals and labour: a review of contemporary issues and concerns
Authors: Enderwick Peter
Published: April 2018

In the past ten years there has been comparatively little research on the topic of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and labour despite the continuing importance of such issues and the emergence of new concerns. This paper discusses a number of current concerns and summarises relevant evidence. In the late 1980s the major issues relate to employment stability and the introduction of innovative labour practices. A number of very recent concerns include service sector MNEs, safety issues, racism and the problems of women workers within MNEs.
The first wage round under the Labour Relations Act 1987: changing relative power
Authors: Harbridge Raymond , McCaw Stuart
Published: April 2018

Labour's 1984 amendments to the Industrial Relations Act 1973 and the replacement of that act with the Labour Relations Act 1987 have altered the power relationship between employers and unions in private sector wage bargaining. It is argued that the changes favour employers. This paper examines the first private sector wage round negotiated after the passing of the 1987 Act offering a detailed analysis of all 588 documents, 246 of which were awards. A decline in the number of settlements overall is explained by the partial demise offormal second tier bargaining in the northern labour district, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Wage flexibility within the wage round is evidenced by 36 percent of settlements being either greater than 8.0 percent or lower than 7.0 percent. The authors conclude that employers have started to use their increased power in bargaining. Evidence for this is that employers were able to gain changes to hours of work provisions in 25 percent of settlements; resisted back-dating of wage settlements in a growing number of settlements; and were able to prevent any upwards wage drift in the settlements over the term of the wage round.
Occupational safety and Health: employers' perspective
Authors: Farlow David
Published: April 2018

In this discussion of the principles and objectives for proposed occupational health and safety legislation, I shall draw quite heavily on the public discussion paper put out in June 1988 by ACOSH, Occupational safety and health reform. The statements in that report remain true. Further, it is important to realise that the recognition of these problems provides the prime rationale behind the desire for reform.
The present problems as experienced by employers result at least as much from the fragmented and inconsistent administrative process as from the difficulties with the existing legislation. Thus, the driving force for reform is aimed at the administrative arrangements, while recognising that, in order for such changes to occur, significant legislative changes would be necessary. In addition, there exists the opportunity to tidy up the legislative mess that currently exists - but this must be done properly because a missed opportunity now will lose the momentum towards refonn and bad new legislation will be very difficulty to alter, giving us different problems for some time to come.
Research Note: Data systems for occupational injury - the current position
Authors: Cryer P. Colin
Published: April 2018

Occupational injuries are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in New Zealand. Despite this, existing national data systems are not easily manipulated to produce occupational injury statistics. No detailed national statistics on occupational injuries have been produced since 1983. There is a need for data on these injuries for research, surveillance, intervention, identification and development, evaluation and planning. This paper highlights the limitations of New Zealand's national data systems for the production of occupational injury statistics.
The "worker", the Labour Court and the common law in New Zealand: a holy trinity?
Authors: Adzoxornu Isaacus K.
Published: April 2018

The primary purpose of this article is 2 fold: firstly, to argue that not only have industrial tribunals in New Zealand incorrectly interpreted the statutory term "worker", but also that in doing so, they have assumed a jurisdiction which has never been conferred on them by statute; and secondly, to make some suggestions towards reform of Labour Court practice in this crucial area.
Examining employer proposals for labour law reform: an American perspective
Authors: Dannin E. J.
Published: April 2018

The article examines proposals advanced by enzpluyer organisations for labour law reform, which they claim is modelled on, among others, the American system. The article demonstrates that those claims are seriously flawed and are based on an incomplete and inaccurate understanding of the functioning of the Anzerican and other systems.
"The fully employed high income society": a reply
Authors: Rose Dennis
Published: April 2018

I am pleased to have the opportunity to reply to John Robinson's charge of "unprofessional wishful thinking" and his confident assertion that the model runs reported in The fully employed high income society: a comment "have shown clearly that full employment by 1995 is next to impossible".
Bargaining options under the Employment Contracts Act
Authors: Walsh Pat
Published: April 2018

The Employment Contracts Act is intended to influence the pattern of bargaining and the resulting contracts. This paper examines the factors that may influence employers and employees in exercising their bargaining options.
An interpretation of the statutory term worker: a reply to Geare
Authors: Adzoxornu Isaacus K.
Published: April 2018

Under notnaal circumstances, I would have allowed Geare (1991) to indulge himself in the erroneous view that the interpretation of the tetna "worker" in the Labour Relations Act 1987 is confined to the common law "employee". lt is necessary however, to come out to defend my original thesis (Adzoxomu, 1990) that the tetna need not be so narrowly construed. Geare seeks to demonstrate, without the relevant historical or policy considerations, and more importantly, without the relevant canons of statutory construction, that his counter thesis is "in fact clearly superior" to mine (p.193). It is clear from the Geare's comment that he considers modern New Zealand industrial legislation to have preserved the master and servant relationship. The purpose of this reply is to reassert my original thesis that the definition of "worker" in the Labour Relations Act is liberal enough to cover an independent contractor and to demonstrate that the counter thesis of Geare is too conservative to meet the requirements of modern industrial relations. I shall achieve this purpose by addressing Geare's counter thesis under his own subheadings.
Education, 'Skills', and Technological Change: the Politics of the New Economy
Authors: Gordon Liz , Snook Ivan
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the prevalent view that technological change is having
widespread effects on the pattern and natwe of employment in Aotearoa, and that these have significant implications for etlucation. We analyse papers by Callister (1990) on the labour market and MacPherson {1990) on education; two documents which have been influential in shaping policy directions. We then criticize the central points made in these, and other, documents, and consider the implications for education. Finally, we point out that arguments for a new relationship between education and the labour market are political, incorporating a fundamental debate about the narure of our society both now and in the future.