bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial innovations and sanitation services: the battle between low-income users and shareholders
Authors: De Oliveira Alberto
Published: April 2020

This article aims to show how changes in the model for financing basic sanitation affect social inequality and urban segregation, and to discuss alternatives that minimise the impact these changes have on low-income populations. The investigation focuses on mediations between sanitation policy and general urban policies in the more ample process of valorising capital, involving different scales of geography and forms of state action. Widespread privatisation and public–private partnerships have altered the role that rates charged to users play in financing sanitation systems. This, in turn, has an impact on low-income populations’ access to these systems. The study concludes that new models of financing tend to privilege spaces in the city that are attractive to private capital, and that investments in sanitation are supported by financial innovations that depend on the collective force of remunerating shareholders and maintaining investors’ expectations. Finally, the article approaches solutions that ensure low-income families’ access to public services, with special emphasis on subsidised rate systems based on the stratification of urban areas adopted in Colombia. The article concludes that this experiment presents both positive and negative aspects that may serve as starting points toward potential solutions for Brazil.
The Dilemmas of Rural Planning and Planners in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Ayobami Abayomi , Magidimisha Hangwelani Hope
Published: April 2020

The focus on urban planning continues to flood the global literature. However, there is continued silence and neglect with regard to rural planning. The study examined the state of rural planning in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was sourced using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Questionnaires were administered to two hundred and fifty (250) rural households in six (6) rural local government areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. It was revealed that rural areas remain neglected and behind in planning activities. A majority of respondents believe that no planning takes place in the rural communities in which they reside. The study concludes that improved communication on planning issues between the tiers of the bureau of physical planning and urban development offices remains the route to effective planning. Improved capacity building (expertise) and training are suggested for rural planners. It is also suggested that understanding the local culture is important in contributing towards effective and responsive rural planning.
Evaluation of enterprise investment attractiveness under circumstances of economic development
Authors: Ilyash Olha , Yildirim Osman , Smoliar Liubov , Doroshkevych Dariia , Vasylciv Taras , Lupak Ruslan
Published: April 2020

This article introduces a step-by-step methodology for evaluating an enterprise’s investment attractiveness in the context of economic development, using appropriate valuation parameters at macro, meso and micro levels. A system of indicators of macro-level investment attractiveness has been formed based on the criteria of socio-economic and legal attractiveness and investment risks. The indicators for assessing investment attractiveness of the industry have been grouped by the criteria of: prospects of the industry, positioning of the enterprise in the industry market, and sectoral investment risks. The indicators of investment attractiveness have been systematised with the use of three-dimensional current and operational analysis, as well as the method of risk assessment, which helped to determine the area of reaction to risk zones of the enterprise’s investment potential. The research allowed us to assess the position of a company in the market and to predict the risks of investing in the chemical industry.
Waveform Impact on Wireless Power Transfer Efficiency using Low-Power Harvesting Devices
Authors: Eidaks Janis , Litvinenko Anna , Aboltins Arturs , Pikulins Dmitrijs
Published: April 2020

The paper addresses the impact of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and spectrum of the waveform, as well as load resistance on the performance of low-power harvesting device in a real-life wireless power transfer (WPT) scenario. In the current study, a combination of the classic voltage doubler circuit for RFDC conversion and premanufactured device for DC-DC conversion is used. For the investigation of conversion efficiency and harvesting device performance, three types of waveforms are used: single tone, multicarrier signals with low PAPR and multicarrier signal with high PAPR. In order to generate high-PAPR signal, subcarriers with the same amplitude and phase are summed, whereas for generation of low PAPR signal the phases of the subcarriers are chosen pseudo-randomly. Over-the-air transmission in 865 MHz ISM band is made using directional antennas and all multicarrier waveforms have equal 5 MHz bandwidth. To evaluate the performance of harvesting device and conversion efficiency, the average voltages at the input and output of the RF-DC converter as well as at the output of the DC-DC converter with corresponding input and load impedance are measured. The experiments have shown that the employed multicarrier signals can greatly improve the performance of harvesting device during WPT under certain conditions, which are discussed in the paper.
The Impact of Aspirin Intake on Lactate Dehydrogenase, Arterial Stiffness, and Oxidative Stress During High‐Intensity Exercise: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Lee Seungyong , Headid Ronald J. , Park Song-Young
Published: April 2020

Aspirin is a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce fever, pain, and inflammation. However, aspirin’s anti-inflammatory properties may also prevent increased levels of blood lactate dehydrogenase, vascular arterial stiffness and oxidative stress induced by high-intensity exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of aspirin supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate, arterial stiffness, and antioxidant capacity during high-intensity exercise in Taekwondo athletes. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: aspirin supplementation (n = 10) and placebo-control (n = 10). Blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity and lactate were assessed to examine muscle damage and carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index were measured to examine arterial stiffness. Blood levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were assessed to determine antioxidant capacity and levels of oxidative stress. There were significant group × time interactions for enzyme activity of LDH (Δ-60 ± 24.36 U/L) and carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity (Δ-1.33 ± 0.54 m/s), which significantly decreased (p < 0.05) following aspirin supplementation compared to placebo-control. Superoxide dismutase (Δ359 ± 110 U/gHb) and glutathione peroxidase (Δ28.2 ± 10.1 U/gHb) significantly decreased while malondialdehyde (0Δ3.0 ± 0.1 mmol/mL) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the placebo-control group compared to the supplementation group. However, there were no changes in lactate concentration levels or augmentation index. These results reveal that low-dose aspirin supplementation would be a useful supplementation therapy to prevent high-intensity exercise training-induced increases in oxidative damage, inflammation, skeletal muscle fatigue, and arterial stiffness in elite Taekwondo athletes.
The Relative Age Effect in Professional Futsal Players
Authors: Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Rey Ezequiel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Prieto-Troncoso Javier , Garcia-Núñez Javier
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence and effect size of relative age effect in professional futsal players, by observing how its presence and impact change according to the season, team level and player position. The sample was composed of 1873 professional futsal players who played in the First Division of the Spanish National Futsal League between seasons 2006-2007 and 2014-2015. The players’ birthdates were divided into quarters (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). A relative age effect reversal was observed in the professional futsal players for the nine analyzed seasons. A relative age reversal effect was observed in high and medium level teams. Finally, a relative age effect reversal was also found for the goalkeeper and pivot positions. The results could suggest that players that initially experienced maturity disadvantages in major sports, can have a second chance to emerge in professional minor sports (i.e. futsal vs. soccer). However, the underlying mechanisms why a reversal occurs are still unclear, and more studies focusing on the mediators of the effect are needed.
Match Performance Indicators that Discriminated Between Winning, Drawing and Losing Teams in the 2017 AFCON Soccer Championship
Authors: Kubayi Alliance , Toriola Abel
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine match performance indicators that discriminated between winning, drawing and losing teams in the 2017 Total Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) soccer championship. Data were collected from 32 matches during the AFCON soccer tournament using the InStat® system. The studied variables included the number of goals scored, the time period in which a goal was scored and the impact of the first goal on the match outcome, as well as total shots, shots on goal, total passes, accurate passes, corners, ball possession, fouls, offsides as well as yellow and red cards. The results showed that goals scored (1.80 ± 0.83), total shots (11.05 ± 4.83), shots on target (4.70 ± 2.62), fouls (18.60 ± 5.19), offsides (2.35 ± 1.76), yellow cards (1.55 ± 1.10), and red cards (0.05 ± 0.22) were discriminative performance indicators of winning teams. In contrast, losing teams yielded higher mean values in total passes (260.30 ± 49.10), accurate passes (69.28 ± 5.74), corners (5.10 ± 2.95), and ball possession (51.20 ± 5.52). In conclusion, these results have practical implications for coaches in planning and implementing team tactics for successful performance.
The Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming During the Push-off Start in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Trinidad Alfonso , Veiga Santiago , Navarro Enrique , Lorenzo Alberto
Published: April 2020

The objective of the present study was to analyze (based on gender and the style of swimming) the kinematic parameters of the transition phase between underwater swimming and surface swimming after the push-off start in competitive national swimmers. Seventy-four swimmers participating in the Spanish Swimming Championships were filmed and analyzed by DLT-2D photogrammetry during the start with the push-off in crawl, backstroke and butterfly styles. Between genders there were small differences in the distance and speed of transition. The male swimmers travelled greater distances (0.84 ± 0.04 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04 m, η2 = 0.05, F = 10.34, p < 0.001) and they were faster (1.59 ± 0.03 vs. 1.38 ± 0.03 m/s, η2 = 0.08, F = 19.54, p < 0.001) in the transition phase than female swimmers. Among styles there were greater differences in time (η2 = 0.47, F = 94.50, p < 0.001) and transition distance (η2 = 0.38, F = 67.08, p < 0.001), than in speed (η2 = 0.05, F = 5.63, p < 0.001). During the backstroke push-off, swimmers spent more time (0.88 ± 0.04 s) and distance (1.17 ± 0.05 m), this being the slowest style (1.37 ± 0.04 m/s). In butterfly, athletes used less time (0.26 ± 0.03 s) and distance (0.39 ± 0.05 m) whereas crawl was the fastest of all (1.57 ± 0.04 m/s). These results allow the phase of transition from underwater to surface swimming to be characterized and to provide useful data for competitive swimmers and coaches to improve performance.
The Effects of the Movement Tempo on the One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results
Authors: Wilk Michal , Golas Artur , Zmijewski Piotr , Krzysztofik Michal , Filip Aleksandra , Coso Juan Del , Tufano James J.
Published: April 2020

Different tempos of movement can be used during resistance training, but programming them is often a trial-and-error practice, as changing the speed at which the exercise is performed does not always correspond with the tempo at which the 1-repetition-maximum occurred. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different movement tempos during the bench press (BP) exercise on the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load. Ninety men (age = 25.8 ± 5.3 years, body mass = 80.2 ± 14.9 kg), with a minimum one year of resistance training experience took part in the study. Using a randomized crossover design, each participant completed the BP 1RM test with five different movement tempos: V/0/V/0, 2/0/V/0, 5/0/V/0, 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0. Repeated measures ANOVA compared the differences between the 1RM at each tempo. The 1RM load was significantly greater during V/0/V/0 and 2/0/V/0 compared to 5/0/V/0, 8/0/V/0, and 10/0/V/0 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the 1RM load was significantly greater during 5/0/V/0 compared to 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0 (p < 0.01), but there were no differences between either V/0/V/0 and 2/0/V/0 (p = 0.92) or between 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0 (p = 0.08). Therefore, different movement tempos used during training should be accompanied by their own tempo-specific 1RM testing, as slower eccentric phases significantly decrease maximal concentric performance. Furthermore, 1RM test procedures should include information about the movement tempo used during the test protocol. In addition, the standardization of the tempo should be taken into account in investigations that use the 1 RM test to assess the effects of any treatment on maximal muscle strength.
Geochemistry, mineral chemistry and P-T evaluation of metasediments of Bahram-Gur complex, ES Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran
Authors: Sadegh Hadiseh Rahimi , Moeinzadeh Hesam , Nakashima Kazu
Published: April 2020

The Bahram-Gur area in the southeastern part of the Sanandaj – Sirjan metamorphic zone, contains metabasites and metasediments. The metasedimentary rocks are mainly garnet schists and garnet-staurolite schists that were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The rocks consist of garnet ± staurolite, biotite, muscovite, chlorite and quartz. The geochemistry of the Bahram-Gur metasediments classifies them as quartziferous sedimentary rocks. The protoliths of the metasedimentary rocks were close to greywackes from an ensialic arc basin depositional setting, with a source comprising mostly mixture of acid and intermediate magmatic rocks in the upper continental crust. The metamorphic conditions of formation of the Bahram-Gur metasedimentary are investigated by geothermobarometric methods. The results show that the metasedimentary rocks formed at temperatures of 600-750°C and pressures of 5-7.5 kbar.
Regional Differences in the Conditions of Technological Progress in Europe
Authors: Csugány Julianna , Tánczos Tamás
Published: April 2020

The spatial structure of the world is unequal, centres and peripheries alternate. There are significant social and development differences between countries in the world, but there is also an unequal development within the countries. The main purpose of the regional policy is to reduce spatial inequalities by catching up the underdeveloped areas. Nowadays, in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological progress creates possibilities for developing regions to catch up, because new technologies require new skills that are less dependent on factor endowments of countries. Most economies are unable to create new technologies because they do not have the appropriate resources or their institutional environment does not favour innovation. However, technological progress can also be observed in these countries by adopting and applying new technologies effectively. This research aims to illustrate the regional differences in the conditions of technological progress in Europe, using multivariate statistical methods. Based on the European Regional Competitiveness Index, the research question to be analysed is whether new technologies may be able to decrease spatial differences. We compare the European regions in the field of innovation in order to highlight the critical areas that can promote or prevent the reduction of inequalities.
Development of Eia Guidelines of Significant Factors For Diamer Basha Dam Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: Ali Wajahat , Hussain Iqtidar , Rashid Haroon , Nasir Abdul
Published: April 2020

Energy crises is the one of the major problem that was faced by Pakistan in order to overcome on that crises Pakistan need to be developed and improvement in energy sector, Throughout in the country the demand of water and power increasing day by day therefore hydropower project are the need of the hour in Pakistan. Before initiation of any project EIA play important role in evaluating the nature of the project on different factors. Government of Pakistan planned one of the mega hydropower project diamer basha dam was planned in Gilgit Baltistan. It was intended to conduct the research work on describing significant factors so as to evaluate the influence of the project on them and develop guidelines for environmental assessment for these factors. To find out these significant factors the methodology was adapted to conducting field investigation. Besides to assess the relevant impact questionnaires were developed. Finally, in order to reduce the negative impact of the project on the predefine factor mitigation measure was suggested. It is anticipated that this study work support in developing structure work to be executed as mitigation measures and boost the advantages of the project.
Alternativas tecnológicas para uso del lactosuero: valorización económica de residuos
Authors: Torres-Martínez Quetzally , Romero-León Katia
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analizar las alternativas tecnológicas de bajo costo para uso del lactosuero a través de la valorización económica de subproductos, en queserías de la localidad de Miahuatlán, Veracruz. Metodología: se elaboró un análisis costo beneficio de distintas alternativas a través de la evaluación de tres escenarios simulados. El primer escenario consideró la alternativa aplicada en los últimos cinco años; el segundo escenario utilizó las alternativas propuestas de bajo costo y el último tomó las alternativas del primer y segundo escenario. Resultados: el escenario con diversificación de alternativas es el más eficiente para la valorización del lactosuero, porque generaría beneficios económicos a los productores y reduciría el riesgo de contaminación por residuos de suero. Limitaciones: para implementar las alternativas propuestas los productores deberán cambiar sus procesos de producción, que garanticen un suero de calidad para su correcto procesamiento. Conclusiones: la implementación de alternativas tecnológicas diversificadas para el uso de lactosuero en subproductos de bajo costo es viable para localidades rurales, partiendo del interés, conocimiento y saberes locales de los productores.
RENCANA LANSKAP WISATA EDUKASI KEBUN ANGGREK DI TAMAN KYAI LANGGENG KOTA MAGELANG
Authors: Islamiah Kasliyanti , Anwar Rezalini , Damayanti Vera D
Published: April 2020

Taman Kyai Langgeng (TKL) yang berlokasi di Kota Magelang dikenal sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata andalan di Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Jumlah pengunjung ke TKL sejak 2010 mengalami fluktuasi dan cenderung menurun sejak tahun 2015. TKL memiliki sebuah kebun anggrek yang berfungsi sebagai area propagasi dan diusulkan menjadi sebuah wahana wisata baru sebagai upaya meningkatkan jumlah pengunjung. Tujuan studi ini yaitu menghasilkan sebuah rencana lanskap untuk taman anggrek dengan pendekatan wisata edukatif. Proses perencanaan meliputi persiapan, pengumpulan data, analisis, sintesis, konsep, dan pembuatan rencana tapak. Analisis tapak menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan spasial terhadap komponen lanskap fisik dan bio-fisik serta elemen wisata. Wisata edukatif-rekreatif terkait anggrek menjadi konsep dasar perencanaan dimana rancangan fisik tapak menggunakan anatomi anggrek sebagai tema utama. Pengembangan rencana tapak berdasarkan rencana ruang yang terbagi atas ruang wisata utama dan pendukung wisata, dimana ruang wisata utama sebagai atraksi andalan terbagi atas ruang kreasi anggrek, taman tematik anggrek, hutan anggrek dan outlet anggrek. Dalam studi ini, kemiringan tapak dan prasyarat tumbuh anggrek menjadi faktor penting yang mempengaruhi penyusunan rencana tapak.LANDSCAPE PLAN FOR ORCHID GARDEN EDU-TOURISM OF KYAI LANGGENG PARK IN MAGELANG CITY Kyai Langgeng Park in Magelang City is known as one of the primary tourist destinations in Central Java Province. The visitor number of the park, however, had been fluctuated since 2010 and tended to decline since 2015. This park has an orchid garden, which initially functioned as a propagation area. This area was proposed to be improved into a touristic object as an attempt to attract more visitors. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to produce a site plan for the garden by considering its physical landscape and educational tourism elements. The planning process included preparation, data inventory, analysis, synthesis, concept, and site planning. The site analysis applied a descriptive and spatial analysis of the biophysical landscape and tourism components. By assigning the educative and recreative tourism as the fundamental concept for the site development with orchid as the core theme, the site plan was arranged based on the spatial plan of main touristic and supporting zones. The main touristic zone as the major attraction is divided into three areas: orchid-based creativity, orchid theme garden, orchid jungle, and orchid outlet. It is apparent that the site’s slope and the prerequisite condition to support the optimum orchid’s growth have become significant factors that influenced the site plan considerably.
Energetic Cost for Being “Redox-Site-Rich” in Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage with Nickel – Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide Materials
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Cockreham Cody B. , Yilmaz Esra , Li Gengnan , Li Nan , Ha Su , Fu Liangjie , Qi Jianqing , Xu Hongwu , Wu Di
Published: April 2020

Defining the energetic landscape of pseudocapacitive materials such as transition metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) upon redox site enrichment is essential to harness their power for effective energy storage. Here, coupling acid solution calorimetry, in situ XRD, and in situ DRIFTS, we demonstrate that as the Ni/Al ratio increases, both as-made (hydrated) and dehydrated NiAl-LDH samples are less stable evidenced by their enthalpies of formation. Moreover, the higher specific capacity at intermediate Ni/Al ratio of 3 is enabled by effective water – LDH interactions, which energetically stabilizes the excessive near-surface Ni redox sites, solvates intercalated carbonate ions, and fills the expanded vdW gap, paying for the “energetic cost” of being “redox site rich”. Thus, from a thermodynamic perspective, engineering molecule/solids – LDH interactions on the nanoscale with confined guest species other than water, which energetically impose stronger stabilization, may help us to achieve their specific capacitance potential.
Potential Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 606 Million Compounds
Authors: Fischer André , Sellner Manuel , Neranjan Santhosh , Lill Markus A. , Smieško Martin
Published: April 2020

The rapid outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China followed by its spread around the world poses a serious global concern for public health with almost 90000 people infected and thousands of fatalities. To conquer viral infections, the inhibition of proteases essential for proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is a conventional therapeutic strategy. To this date, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat SARS-CoV-2 despite its close relation to the SARS-CoV-1 virus that caused a similar epidemic in 2003. Thus, there remains an urgent need for the development of specific antiviral therapeutics to conquer SARS-CoV-2. In order to find novel inhibitors, we computationally screened a compound library of over 687 million compounds for binding at the recently solved crystal structure of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. A screening of such a vast chemical space for SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors has not been reported before. After shape screening, two docking protocols were applied followed by the determination of pharmacokinetically relevant molecular descriptors to narrow down the initial hits. Next, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to validate the stability of docked binding modes and comprehensively quantify ligand binding energies. After evaluation of off-target binding, we report a list of 11 drug-like compounds with improved binding free energy to the target protease in contrast to the cocrystallized peptidomimetic lead compound that suffers from poor pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, we identified one potent binder with comparable properties from the natural compound library.
Computer Vision for Recognition of Materials and Vessels in Chemistry Lab Settings and the Vector-LabPics Dataset
Authors: Eppel Sagi , Xu Haoping , Bismuth Mor , Aspuru-Guzik Alan
Published: April 2020

This work presents a machine learning approach for computer vision-based recognition of materials inside vessels in a chemistry lab and other settings. In addition, we release a dataset associated with the training of the model for further model development. The task to learn is finding the region, boundaries, and category for each material phase and vessel in an image. Handling materials inside mostly transparent containers is the main activity performed by human and robotic chemists in the laboratory. Visual recognition of vessels and their content is essential for performing this task. Modern machine vision methods learn recognition tasks by using datasets containing a large number of annotated images. This work presents the Vector-LabPics dataset, which consists of 2187 images of materials within mostly transparent vessels in a chemistry lab and other general settings. The images are annotated for both the vessels and the individual material phases inside them, and each instance is assigned one or more classes (liquid, solid, foam, suspension, powder,...). The fill level, labels, corks, and parts of the vessel are also annotated. Several convolutional nets for semantic and instance segmentation were trained on this dataset. The trained neural networks achieved good accuracy in detecting and segmenting vessels and material phases, and in classifying liquids and solids, but relatively low accuracy in segmenting multiphase systems such as phase-separating liquids.
Quasi-Barrierless Submolecular Motion in Mechanically Interlocked Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Villalva Julia , Nieto-Ortega Belén , Melle-Franco Manuel , Pérez Emilio
Published: April 2020

We use mechanically interlocked rotaxane-type derivatives of SWNTs (MINTs) featuring four different types of macrocycles with significantly different affinities for the SWNT thread as models to study this problem. Using molecular dynamics, we find that there is no direct correlation between the interaction energy of the macrocycle with the SWNT and its ability to move along or around it. Density functional tight-binding calculations reveal small (<2.5 Kcal·mol-1) activation barriers, the height of which correlates with the commensurability of the aromatic moieties in the macrocycle with the SWNT. Our results show that macrocycles in MINTs rotate and translate freely around and along SWNTs at room temperature, with an energetic cost lower than the rotation around the C−C bond in ethane.
Network-Based Analysis of Fatal Comorbidities of COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Chakrabarty Broto , Das Dibyajyoti , Bulusu Gopalakrishnan , Roy Arijit
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The case fatality rate is significantly higher in older patients and those with diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular disorders. The human proteins, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and basigin (BSG), are involved in high-confidence host-pathogen interactions with proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We applied the random walk with restart method on the human interactome to construct a significant sub-network around these two proteins. The protein-protein interaction sub-network captures the effects of viral invasion on fatal comorbidities through critical pathways. The ‘insulin resistance’, ‘AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications’ and ‘adipocytokine signaling pathway’ were found in all fatal comorbidities. The association of these critical pathways with aging and its related diseases explains the molecular basis of COVID-19 fatality. We further investigated the critical proteins and corresponding pathways, and identified drugs that have effects on these proteins/pathways based on gene expression studies. We particularly focused on drugs that significantly downregulate ACE2 along with other critical proteins identified by the network-based approach. Among them, COL-3 (also known as incyclinide) had earlier shown activity against acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress, while entinostat and mocetinostat have been investigated for non-small-cell lung cancer. We propose that these drugs can be repurposed for COVID-19.
Gold-Catalyzed Spirocyclization Reactions of N-Propargyl Tryptamines and Tryptophans in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sabat Nazarii , Soualmia Feryel , Retailleau Pascal , Benjdia Alhosna , Berteau Olivier , Guinchard Xavier
Published: April 2020

N-Propargyl tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives that are readily available from both synthetic and biocatalytic approaches, undergo gold-catalyzed dearomative cyclizations in aqueous media to the corresponding spirocyclic derivatives. In addition to the efficiency of the method, operating in aqueous media affords a selective entry to C2-unsubstituted spiroindolenines that have long remained unattainable by Au(I)-catalysis. Moderate to excellent yields of the desired spirocyclic products bearing various substituents were obtained.
Glycan FRET Probes for Screening Catalytic Antibodies Against Cryptococcus Neoformans Capsule
Authors: Crawford Conor , Wear Maggie P. , Smith Daniel F. Q. , d'Errico Clotilde , Casadevall Arturo , Oscarson Stefan
Published: April 2020

Catalytic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans have been identified but characterization of their Michaelis-Menten kinetics against oligosaccharides has so far not been possible. To address this, we report the design and synthesis of two glycan based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes that express a major structural unit of the cryptococcal polysaccharide. These probes allowed the kinetic analysis of four catalytic antibodies with glycosidase activity, including 2H1, an antibody which was not known previously to be catalytic. This is only the second report of an antibody with naturally occurring catalytic activity against glycans and the most efficient identified to date. The probe’s capability as a diagnostic for catalysis was demonstrated by accurately predicting glycosidase activity on the native capsule. Furthermore, we used molecular docking studies to reveal the antibody-glycan interactions, with the first structural insights into these interactions between anti-GXM mAbs and their epitopes. Through modelling we see no classical catalytic residues in the antigen binding site, signifying the possibility of further glycan hydrolyzing mechanisms yet to be discovered.
Decoding the Chemical Bond—On the Connection between Probability Density Analysis, QTAIM, and VB Theory
Authors: Reuter Leonard , Lüchow Arne
Published: April 2020

Classification of bonds is essential for understanding and predicting the reactivity of chemical compounds. This classification mainly manifests in the bond order and the contribution of different Lewis resonance structures. Here, we outline a first principles approach to obtain these orders and contributions for arbitrary wave functions in a manner that is both, related to the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and consistent with valence bond theory insight: the Lewis structures arise naturally as attractors of the all-electron probability density |Ψ|². Doing so, we introduce valence bond weight definitions that do not collapse in the basis set limit.
Space-borne air pollution observation from Sentinel-5p Tropomi: relationship between pollutants, geographical and demographic data
Authors: KAPLAN Gordana , YİGİT AVDAN Zehra
Published: April 2020

This study presents an analysis of the mean atmospheric column nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) over the Republic of North Macedonia during a six-month period. Measurements of NO2 and CO obtained from the recently launched Sentinel-5 Precursor spacecraft with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (Sentinel-5P TROPOMI) have been used. The aim of this study was to use relatively high-resolution satellite data for local air quality/air pollution monitoring and to investigate the relation of the pollutants with geographical and demographical data of the study area. For that purpose, along with CO and NO2 data from TROPOMI, population statistics, digital elevation model and vegetation cover have been used for geo-spatial and statistical analyses. The findings show significantly high CO and NO2 values in several parts of the study area, especially high CO values in the Vardar and Polog Valleys, and high NO2 values in the densely populated cities. According to the analyses, there is high positive correlation between the NO2 and the population statistics (r = 0.78; R2 = 0.61) and high negative correlation (r = -0.9; R2 = 0.80) between the altitude and the CO values of the study area. The overall results of this study confirmed the capability of Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data to be used in monitoring the air quality and air pollution over local areas.
Development of Remote Laboratory for Distance Learning Practicum Online And Real-Time Digital Electronics Subjects
Authors: Jaya Hendra , Lumu Lumu , Haryoko Sapto , Suhaeb Sutarsi
Published: April 2020

This study aims to: 1) find out how to Develop Remote Laboratory as a new tool for online and realtime practicum learning in digital electronics; 2) find out how to use Remote Lab that meets the valid, practical and effective criteria. This research is a type of research and development (R&D) where the product can work effectively and be ready to use. The development of hardware and software in the form of Remote Lab media is carried out with an engineering approach where the stages are: analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis used in this study is a descriptive analysis that describes the results of development, validator responses and trial results. Analysis of software and hardware is done by considering the minimum specifications, with reference to the development of software for the media that is effective and practical. The use of Remote Lab can be applied at the Vocational School by looking at the results of the development based on the validation of the material experts (Content Aspect of 4.45% with very good category, and the Design Practicum aspect obtained a score of 4.4 with a very good category), validation of media experts (Aspect of Visual Display obtained score 4.47 in the excellent category, real-time aspects obtained a score of 4.5 in the excellent category, programming aspects obtained a score of 4.57 in the excellent category), Analysis of the Effectiveness and Practicality of Using Remote Labs obtained a score of 4.56 with the category very effective, then Practical Assessment of Remote Lab products obtained a score of 4.9 with a very practical category. The creation of online and realtime distance learning practicum systems that can facilitate students who are constrained by distance and inadequate school facilities. Practical equipment so that learning outcomes in practicums can be met according to their competencies.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN LABORATORIUM BAHASA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK BAHASA JERMAN MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JERMAN FBS-UNM
Authors: Usman Misnawaty , Dalle Ambo , Azizah Laelah , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This research is quasy experiment , two group pretest - posttest design that aims to determine the effectiveness using the language laboratory learning listening skills in German language students , German Study Program, Faculty of Language and Literature, Makassar State University. The population in this study were students on the second semester, academic year 2015, German language education students, totaling 22 people , and the sample used in this study is total sample . Hypothesis testing using t- test. Analysis using t-test, tcount = 2.42 while t tabel= 2.086 t count ≥ t table (2.42 ≥ 2.086 ) . So, H0 stating that use of the language laboratory is not effective in listening skills German student education is rejected. Consequently H1 which states that the use of effective language laboratory in the listening skills of students in the education department of the German language is accepted. The results of this study can be concluded that teaching by using a language laboratory can be used as a medium of learning to improve listening skills of students in the German language.
Penanaman sikap sosial pada pembelajaran di SD Negeri KIP Maccini Makassar
Authors: Wahab Andi Naila
Published: April 2020

Abstrak; Andi Naila milawati, (2019). Penanaman Sikap Sosial pada Pembelajaran di SD Negeri KIP Maccini MakassarPendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan mengenai rancangan penanaman sikap dan teknik penilaian sikap sosial siswa di kelas IV SDN KIP Maccini Makassar pada mata pelajaran PKn. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan proses analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat  diketahui bahwa cara guru untuk menanamkan sikap sosial melalui pembelajaran IPS kelas IV di SDN KIP Maccini Kota Makassar antara lain: a. Kegiatan rutin dengan cara membiasakan siswa bersalaman, berdoa, melaksanakan piket, dan membiasakan untuk 5 S (senyum, salam, sapa, sopan, dan santun). b. Keteladanan yang guru tunjukkan adalah berangkat lebih awal dari siswa dan ikut menjenguk jika terdapat guru atau siswa yang sakit. (Rinda Kurnianingrum) 2.213  memberikan contoh dengan menghargai semua murid.  c. Kegiatan spontan dengan cara menegur dan menasehati jika ada siswa yang kurang sopan atau melakukan perbuatan yang kurang baik. d. Pengkondisikan siswa dengan cara memasang poster atau slogan yang berkaitan dengan sikap sosial, guru juga memberikan sebuah kisah atau cerita yang inspiratif untuk memotivasi siswa agar bersikap yang baik. e. Guru juga mengajarkan solidaritas, tenggang rasa, dan kerjasama kepada siswa pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Kata kunci:          Penanaman sikap sosial ; Pembelajaran sekolah dasar, PKn
The Influence of Promotion and Distribution Accuracy on Consumer Purchase Interest in PT. Enzym Bioteknologi Internusa
Authors: Rozi Achmad
Published: April 2020

The implementation of promotional activities carried out by the company includes advertising, sales promotion, personal sales, and publicity. This study aims to determine the effect of promotion and accuracy of distribution of consumer buying interest at PT. Enzym Biotechnology Internusa. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 96 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this study have a significant influence on consumer buying interest of 41.1%, hypothesis testing obtained significance 0,000 <0.05. The accuracy of the distribution has a significant effect on consumer buying interest by 39.1%, the hypothesis test obtained a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Promotion and accuracy of distribution simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer buying interest of 50.2%, the hypothesis test obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05.
Implications of Shrimp Crackers Empowerment Industry on Community Welfare
Authors: Afriyanti Riska , Daraba Dahyar , Kasmita Maya
Published: April 2020

The aim of development is to realize an Indonesian society that is peaceful, just, democratic, competitive, advanced and prosperous in the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the government runs the shrimp cracker industry empowerment program, the area of the marketing of shrimp cracker industry products, and the impact of the shrimp cracker industry on the welfare of the industrial owner. The method used in this study is a qualitative method that is descriptive-inductive approach by providing a systematic, factual and accurate description in the presentation of reports, based on the results of research conducted. Based on the results of research and data management, it can be concluded that community empowerment carried out by DISKOPERINDAG has not been maximized. There is no capital assistance or means of production from the government so that it becomes a major problem for the community to start a business. In the implementation of empowerment also occurs obstacles from the community itself such as the mindset of people who have not developed due to low education. The area of marketing of production is limited because there is no business from the owner of the industry itself. The existence of shrimp cracker industry has a positive impact on society by increasing the community's economy. The community can meet personal and family needs from the results of this shrimp cracker industry. From this it can be said that people's welfare has increased after the shrimp cracker industry.
The Effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Operational Costs Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (RoA) at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk
Authors: Astuti Eni Puji , Husna Farah Maulia
Published: April 2020

Banks are known as financial institutions whose main activities are collecting funds from the public, channeling funds to the public, and performing other services in the banking sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Operational Income Operating Costs (BOPO) Against Return On Assets (ROA). The sample of this study is the financial statements of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. from 2008 to 2017, this research uses the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method using an SPSS test. The results showed that Net Interest Margin has a positive effect on Return On Assets, with a tcount greater than ttable (3.021> 2.365) and a significance level of 0.019 less than a significant level of 0.05 (0.019 <0.05) and Operating Income Costs Operations have a negative effect on Return On Assets, with a  tcount greater than ttable (-7,166> 2,365) and a significance level of 0,000 less than a significant level of 0.05 (0,000 <0.05). Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Operational Costs Operating Income (BOPO) has a positive effect on Return On Assets (ROA), with a Fcount greater than Ftable (26.298> 4.46) and a significance level of 0.001 smaller than a significant level of 0, 05 (0.001 <0.05). The coefficient of determination that can be equal to 0.849 or 84.9% means as much as 15.1% is likely influenced by variables not examined.
Implementation of Inhabitant Housing Rehabilitation Program in Improving Community Welfare
Authors: Daraba Dahyar , Arimbi Sita , Dione Frans , Niswaty Risma
Published: April 2020

The house is one of the basic human needs The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of development in the rehabilitation program for uninhabitable housing in Pangkalpinang City. Researchers use this type of qualitative research with a descriptive-inductive approach to reveal facts and events in the field. Data collection techniques used observation, documentation and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the rehabilitation program for uninhabitable housing construction in the City of Pangkalpinang has been pursued optimally. But in reality the implementation of the program still has some obstacles so that the achievement of the program does not go according to plan. This is due to the lack of participation from the community with program involvement, there are still many people who have not met the criteria as potential recipients of assistance due to lack of administration and limited facilities.
The Effect of Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Return on Equity (RoE) at PT Aneka Tambang, Tbk, Years 2010 - 2017
Authors: Jati Waluyo , Andini Tiya Sri
Published: April 2020

The company wants an optimal profit for the business being run. This study aims to determine the effect of the current ratio (CR) on return on equity (ROE), the effect of debt to equity ratio (DER) on return on equity (ROE), and to determine the effect of current ratio (CR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) simultaneously on return on equity (ROE) at PT Aneka Tambang, Tbk in the period 2010 - 2017. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The data used are secondary data in the form of PT Aneka Tambang, Tbk's financial statements for the period 2010-2017. The analytical method used is the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing with t-test and F test using SPSS version 20.0. The results showed no significant effect of the current ratio (CR) on return on equity (ROE), there was no significant effect of debt to equity ratio (DER) on return on equity (ROE), and there was no significant effect between the current ratio (CR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) together against return on equity (ROE). Current ratio (CR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) have a very strong relationship to return on equity (ROE). The contribution rate of the variable current ratio (CR) and the debt to equity ratio (DER) to return on equity (ROE) is 61.9%.
The Influence of Location and Selling Price on Purchasing Decisions at PT. Gapura Prima Group
Authors: Noviyanti Iis , Hayati Feb Amni
Published: April 2020

Today's economic development is marked by the emergence of various forms of the property very quickly and continuously. This study aims to determine the effect of location and selling price on the purchasing decision of Bailey's City Ciputat Apartment Unit at PT. Gapura Prima Group. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 86 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study location have a significant effect on purchasing decisions of 42.0%, the hypothesis test obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05. The selling price has a significant effect on the purchase decision of 46.9%, the hypothesis test obtained a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Location and selling price simultaneously have a significant effect on the purchase decision of Bailey's City Ciputat Apartment Unit by 56.2%, the hypothesis test obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05.