bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A direct derivation of the Gent–McWilliams/Redi diffusion tensor from quasi-geostrophic dynamics
Authors: Meunier Julie , Miquel Benjamin , Gallet Basile
Published: May 2023

The transport induced by ocean mesoscale eddies remains unresolved in most state-of-the-art climate models and needs to be parametrized instead. The natural scale separation between the forcing and the emergent turbulent flow calls for a diffusive parametrization, where the eddy-induced fluxes are related to the large-scale gradients by a diffusion tensor. The standard parametrization scheme in climate modelling consists in adopting the Gent–McWilliams/Redi (GM/R) form for the diffusion tensor, initially put forward based on physical intuition and educated guesses before being put on firm analytical footing using a thickness-weighted average (TWA). In the present contribution, we provide a direct derivation of this diffusion tensor from the quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics of a horizontally homogeneous three-dimensional patch of ocean hosting a large-scale vertically sheared zonal flow on the

$\beta$

plane. The derivation hinges on the identification of a useful cross-invariant defined as the product of the buoyancy and QG potential vorticity fluctuations. While less general than the TWA approach, the present QG framework leads to rigorous constraints on the diffusion tensor. First, there is no diapycnal diffusivity arising in the QG GM/R tensor for low viscosity and small-scale diffusivities. The diffusion tensor then involves only two vertically dependent coefficients, namely the GM transport coefficient

$K_{GM}(z)$

and the Redi diffusivity

$K_R(z)$

. Second, as identified already by previous authors, the vertical structures of the two coefficients are related by the so-called Taylor–Bretherton relation. Finally, while the two coefficients differ generically in the interior of the water column, we show that they are equal to one another near the surface and near the bottom of the domain for low-enough dissipative coefficients. We illustrate these findings by simulating numerically the QG dynamics of a horizontally homogeneous patch of ocean hosting a vertically sheared zonal current resembling the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
The role of team compassion in mitigating the impact of hierarchical bullying
Authors: Farr-Wharton Ben , Simpson Ace Volkmann , Brunetto Yvonne , Bentley Tim
Published: May 2023

Hierarchical bullying in public healthcare organizations is an entrenched negative behaviour that results in a range of adverse outcomes for staff, including diminished wellbeing. This study integrates social exchange and conservation of resources theories as a lens for formulating hypotheses and employs multilevel statistical modelling to examine whether team-level compassion moderates the impact of hierarchical bullying on wellbeing. Using multilevel statistical modelling, the study analysed cross-sectional data from 632 healthcare workers nested within 48 teams in a single public health district in Australia. The findings indicate that work teams with higher levels of team compassion can mitigate the negative effects of hierarchical bullying on employee wellbeing. The results imply that investing in developing compassion within teams is an effective strategy for mitigating some harmful effects of hierarchical bullying on employee outcomes.
Distribution and moments of the error term in the lattice point counting problem for three-dimensional Cygan–Korányi balls
Authors: Gath Yoav A.
Published: May 2023

We study fluctuations of the error term for the number of integer lattice points lying inside a three-dimensional Cygan–Korányi ball of large radius. We prove that the error term, suitably normalized, has a limiting value distribution which is absolutely continuous, and we provide estimates for the decay rate of the corresponding density on the real line. In addition, we establish the existence of all moments for the normalized error term, and we prove that these are given by the moments of the corresponding density.
Aspiration Versus Apprehension: Economic Opportunities and Electoral Preferences
Authors: Häusermann Silja , Kurer Thomas , Zollinger Delia
Published: May 2023

Recent studies take increasingly refined views of how socioeconomic conditions influence political behaviour. We add to this literature by exploring how voters' prospective evaluations of long-term economic and social opportunities relate to electoral contestation versus the stabilization of the political-economic system underpinning the knowledge society. Using survey data from eight West European countries, we show that positive prospects are associated with higher support for mainstream parties (incumbents and opposition) and lower support for radical parties on all levels of material well-being. Our results support the idea that ‘aspirational voters’ with positive evaluations of opportunities (for themselves or their children) represent an important stabilizing force in advanced democratic capitalism. However, we also highlight the importance of radical party support among ‘apprehensive voters’, who are economically secure but perceive a lack of long-term opportunities. To assess the implications of these findings, we discuss the relative importance of these groups across different countries.
Application of the Midi Parasep® SF technique for the detection of L1 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in faeces of infected rats
Authors: Galán-Puchades M. Teresa , Sáez-Durán S. , Gómez-Samblás M. , Osuna A. , Bueno-Marí R. , Fuentes M.V.
Published: May 2023

We investigated parasitic zoonoses caused by protozoans and helminths in urban and peri-urban rat populations (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) in Spanish cities. Rats were trapped and then dissected to remove adult helminths, and the contents of the large intestine were retrieved for the study of parasitic forms. The Midi Parasep® solvent free (SF) technique was used to concentrate the parasites in the intestinal contents. Some of the rats studied (n = 8) were infected by the rat lungworm, Angiostongylus cantonensis, whose first stage larvae (L1) are shed in rat faeces. After the concentration technique, L1 larvae were found in the sediment of 6 of the 8 positive rats. The two negative sediment samples were due to the presence of either only adult females or, in addition to males, only young females in the lungs of the rats. In view of our results, Midi Parasep® SF turned out to be a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method to detect nematode larvae, such as the L1 larvae of A. cantonensis (or A. costaricensis), in natural and experimentally infected rats.
Coronavirus disease 2019 related parosmia: an exploratory survey of demographics and treatment strategies
Authors: Sowerby L J , Almubarak Z , Biadsee A , Rocha T , Hopkins C
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the clinical features, therapeutic efficacy and symptom time course of post-coronavirus disease 2019 parosmia.

Methods

A 22-item online questionnaire was distributed to AbScent research group and Facebook coronavirus disease 2019 anosmia group adult members to assess clinical features, interventions and their subjective efficacy for parosmia.

Results

A total of 209 participants (86 per cent females) reported: smell loss on average 3 days after coronavirus symptoms, recovery 4 weeks later, and first parosmia symptoms 12 weeks post infection. Respondents reported 10 per cent body weight loss, and listed onion and garlic as significant parosmia triggers. Regarding quality of life, depression was the most cited item (54 per cent). Smell training was trialled by 74 per cent of participants, followed by nasal corticosteroid spray (49 per cent). Stellate ganglion block, trialled by 16 per cent of respondents, had the highest reported improvement (45 per cent), with 21 per cent reporting a sustained benefit – the highest rate amongst registered treatment options.

Conclusion

Post-coronavirus parosmia has a significant impact and remains challenging to treat. Stellate ganglion block appears to be successful relative to other reported treatments. Further research into the pathophysiology, efficacy and mechanism of stellate ganglion block effect is warranted.
A study of variation in therapeutic approach to low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer in the UK
Authors: Maniam Pavithran , Ishii Hiro , Stechman Michael J , Watkinson John , Farnell Kate , Kim Dae , Nixon Ian J
Published: May 2023

Background

The British Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association guideline definitions for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers are susceptible to differing interpretations, resulting in different clinical management in the UK.

Objective

To explore the national effect of these guidelines on the management of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers.

Methods

Anonymised questionnaires were sent to multidisciplinary teams performing thyroidectomies in the UK. Risk factors that multidisciplinary teams considered important when managing low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers were established.

Results

Most surgeons (71 out of 75; 94.7 per cent) confirmed they were core multidisciplinary team members. More than 80 per cent of respondents performed at least 30 hemi- and/or total thyroidectomies per annum. A majority of multidisciplinary teams (50 out of 75; 66.7 per cent) followed British Thyroid Association guidelines. Risk factors considered important when managing low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers included: type of tumour histology findings (87.8 per cent), tumour size of greater than 4 cm (86.5 per cent), tumour stage T3b (85.1 per cent) and central neck node involvement (85.1 per cent). Extent of thyroid surgery (e.g. hemi- or total thyroidectomy) was highly variable for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers.

Conclusion

Management of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers is highly variable, leading to a heterogeneous patient experience.
Pum3is dispensable for mouse oocyte maturation and embryo developmentin vitro
Authors: Zhao TingTing , Huang Wei , Lin Kaibo
Published: May 2023

Pumilio3(Pum3), an evolutionarily distant homologue of the classical RNA-binding protein PUF (PUMILIO and FBF) family member, is also involved in the process of RNA metabolism through post-transcriptional regulation. However, the functions ofPum3in mouse oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development have not been elucidated. By comparing RNA levels in different tissues, we found thatPum3was widely expressed in multiple tissues, but moderately predominant in the ovary. Histochemical staining suggested that the PUM3 protein exhibits positive signals in oocytes, granulosa cells and theca cells of different follicle stages. Oocyte immunofluorescence results showed a slightly higher level of PUM3 protein in metaphase II compared with the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. After knockdown ofPum3in GV oocytes using siRNA injection (siPUM3), no obvious defect was observed in the processes of GV breakdown and polar body extrusion duringin vitromaturation (IVM) for thesiPum3oocytes. Compared with the control group, thesiPUM3group displayed no significant abnormality in the cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of these fertilized oocytes. Therefore, we can conclude that depletion ofPum3does not affect mouse oocyte maturation and early embryonic developmentin vitro.
Reducing Dementia Grief Through Psychosocial Interventions
Authors: Rupp Lena , Seidel Katja , Penger Susanne , Haberstroh Julia
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This review assessed the existing dementia grief interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD) prior to physical death from September 2016 to September 2021. Electronic databases Web of Science (SSCI), PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests, and MEDLINE were searched. Fifty-five publications meeting predetermined criteria were screened of which 12 were included in this review. Included interventions were multifaceted and the intervention format was heterogeneous. There has been a vast increase in dementia grief interventions in the last 5 years implying that the concept has been recognized as a valid and important construct to describe the caregiver experience. Implementation research should be undertaken to explore how well the concept of dementia grief is known and recognized and how elements of the interventions are used in everyday mental health care.
Extending the Frequency Band of Surface‐Wave Dispersion Curves by Combining Ambient Noise and Earthquake Data and Self‐Adaptive Normalization
Authors: Zhou Jie , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei
Published: May 2023

Dispersion curves of surface waves are widely used in subsurface structural inversions. However, the non‐uniqueness problem in inversion is inevitable with limited data. Extending the dispersion curves in frequency is helpful for providing better constraints. The dispersion spectra extracted from ambient noise and earthquake data do not overlap and can be combined to provide complementary information. Besides, because multiple modes can be present at the same frequencies in the dispersion spectrum with highly non‐uniform energies, dispersion curves with lower energies are hidden by those with higher energies, thus the extracted dispersion spectrum is often not fully exploited by simple normalization. We propose to use a self‐adaptive normalization technique to uncover the hidden information and extend the dispersion curves in frequency. Both ambient noise and earthquake data recorded by the USArray Transportable Array are processed by simple and self‐adaptive normalizations, and a Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian inversion is conducted to estimate the velocity structure. The inversion results reveal the importance of extending dispersion curves and a significant improvement by the combined ambient noise and earthquake datasets and the self‐adaptive normalization technique.
Compressive holographic sensing simplifies quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Czarske Juergen W.
Published: May 2023

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as method for investigating biological specimen and technical objects. However, conventional methods often suffer from shortcomings in image quality, such as the twin image artifact. A novel computational framework for QPI is presented with high quality inline holographic imaging from a single intensity image. This paradigm shift is promising for advanced QPI of cells and tissues.
Electrically tunable solid-state metasurfaces realized by flash localized heating
Authors: Sun Qian , Hong Minghui
Published: May 2023

Electrically programmed metasurfaces provide large modulation depth, high modulation rate, and solid-state component, breaking the limitations of existing modulation methods.
Stain-free mapping of polymer-blend morphologies via application of high-voltage STEM-EELS hyperspectral imaging to low-loss spectra
Authors: Umemoto Hiroki , Arai Shigeo , Otobe Hirohide , Muto Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

Polymer blends composed of multiple types of polymers are used for various industrial applications; therefore, their morphologies must be understood to predict and improve their physical properties. Herein, we propose a spectral imaging method based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to map polymer morphologies with nanometric resolution as an alternative to the conventional electron staining technique. In particular, the low-loss spectra of the 5–30 eV energy-loss region were measured to minimize electron irradiation damage rather than the core-loss spectra, such as carbon K-shell absorption spectra, which require significantly longer recording times. Medium-voltage (200 kV) and high-voltage (1000 kV) STEM was used at various temperatures to compare the degrees of electron-beam damage resulting from various electron energies and sample temperatures. A multivariate curve resolution technique was used to isolate the constituent spectra and visualize their distributions by distinguishing the characteristic peaks derived from various chemical species. High-voltage STEM was more useful than medium-voltage STEM for analyzing thicker samples while suppressing ionization damage.
Modified indirect calorimetry for patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a pilot feasibility study
Authors: Tatucu-Babet Oana A. , Diehl Arne , Kratzing Caroline , Lambell Kate , Burrell Aidan , Tierney Audrey , Nyulasi Ibolya , Bailey Michael , Sheldrake Jayne , Ridley Emma J.
Published: May 2023

Background/Objectives

Traditional indirect calorimetry is unable to capture complete gas exchange in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). We aimed to determine the feasibility of using a modified indirect calorimetry protocol in patients receiving VA ECMO, report measured energy expenditure (EE) and compare EE to control critically ill patients.

Subjects/Methods

Mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving VA ECMO were included. EE was measured within 72 h of VA ECMO commencement (timepoint one [T1]) and on approximately day seven of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (timepoint two [T2]). Traditional indirect calorimetry via the ventilator was combined with calculations of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production derived from pre- and post-ECMO membrane blood gas analyses. Completion of ≥60% EE measurements was deemed feasible. Measured EE was compared between T1 and T2 and to control patients not receiving VA ECMO. Data is presented as n(%) and median[interquartile range (IQR)].

Results

Twenty-one patients were recruited; 16(76%) male, aged 55[42–64] years. The protocol was feasible to complete at T1 (14(67%)) but not at T2 (7(33%)) due to predominantly ECMO decannulation, extubation or death. EE was 1454[1213–1860] at T1 and 1657[1570–2074] kcal/d at T2 (P = 0.043). In patients receiving VA ECMO versus controls, EE was 1577[1434–1801] versus 2092[1609–2272] kcal/d, respectively (P = 0.056).

Conclusion

Modified indirect calorimetry is feasible early in admission to ICU but is not possible in all patients receiving VA ECMO, especially later in admission. EE increases during the first week of ICU admission but may be lower than EE in control critically ill patients.
Photochromism from wavelength-selective colloidal phase segregation
Authors: Zheng Jing , Chen Jingyuan , Jin Yakang , Wen Yan , Mu Yijiang , Wu Changjin , Wang Yufeng , Tong Penger , Li Zhigang , Hou Xu , Tang Jinyao
Published: May 2023

Phase segregation is ubiquitously observed in immiscible mixtures, such as oil and water, in which the mixing entropy is overcome by the segregation enthalpy1–3. In monodispersed colloidal systems, however, the colloidal–colloidal interactions are usually non-specific and short-ranged, which leads to negligible segregation enthalpy4. The recently developed photoactive colloidal particles show long-range phoretic interactions, which can be readily tuned with incident light, suggesting an ideal model for studying phase behaviour and structure evolution kinetics5,6. In this work, we design a simple spectral selective active colloidal system, in which TiO2 colloidal species were coded with spectral distinctive dyes to form a photochromic colloidal swarm. In this system, the particle–particle interactions can be programmed by combining incident light with various wavelengths and intensities to enable controllable colloidal gelation and segregation. Furthermore, by mixing the cyan, magenta and yellow colloids, a dynamic photochromic colloidal swarm is formulated. On illumination of coloured light, the colloidal swarm adapts the appearance of incident light due to layered phase segregation, presenting a facile approach towards coloured electronic paper and self-powered optical camouflage.
A radio-detected type Ia supernova with helium-rich circumstellar material
Authors: Kool Erik C. , Johansson Joel , Sollerman Jesper , Moldón Javier , Moriya Takashi J. , Mattila Seppo , Schulze Steve , Chomiuk Laura , Pérez-Torres Miguel , Harris Chelsea , Lundqvist Peter , Graham Matthew , Yang Sheng , Perley Daniel A. , Strotjohann Nora Linn , Fremling Christoffer , Gal-Yam Avishay , Lezmy Jeremy , Maguire Kate , Omand Conor , Smith Mathew , Andreoni Igor , Bellm Eric C. , Bloom Joshua S. , De Kishalay , Groom Steven L. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Masci Frank J. , Medford Michael S. , Park Sungmin , Purdum Josiah , Reynolds Thomas M. , Riddle Reed , Robert Estelle , Ryder Stuart D. , Sharma Yashvi , Stern Daniel
Published: May 2023

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of degenerate white dwarf stars destabilized by mass accretion from a companion star1, but the nature of their progenitors remains poorly understood. A way to discriminate between progenitor systems is through radio observations; a non-degenerate companion star is expected to lose material through winds2 or binary interaction3 before explosion, and the supernova ejecta crashing into this nearby circumstellar material should result in radio synchrotron emission. However, despite extensive efforts, no type Ia supernova (SN Ia) has ever been detected at radio wavelengths, which suggests a clean environment and a companion star that is itself a degenerate white dwarf star4,5. Here we report on the study of SN 2020eyj, a SN Ia showing helium-rich circumstellar material, as demonstrated by its spectral features, infrared emission and, for the first time in a SN Ia to our knowledge, a radio counterpart. On the basis of our modelling, we conclude that the circumstellar material probably originates from a single-degenerate binary system in which a white dwarf accretes material from a helium donor star, an often proposed formation channel for SNe Ia (refs. 6,7). We describe how comprehensive radio follow-up of SN 2020eyj-like SNe Ia can improve the constraints on their progenitor systems.
Uridine-derived ribose fuels glucose-restricted pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nwosu Zeribe C. , Ward Matthew H. , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Poudel Pawan , Ragulan Chanthirika , Kasperek Steven , Radyk Megan , Sutton Damien , Menjivar Rosa E. , Andren Anthony , Apiz-Saab Juan J. , Tolstyka Zachary , Brown Kristee , Lee Ho-Joon , Dzierozynski Lindsey N. , He Xi , PS Hari , Ugras Julia , Nyamundanda Gift , Zhang Li , Halbrook Christopher J. , Carpenter Eileen S. , Shi Jiaqi , Shriver Leah P. , Patti Gary J. , Muir Alexander , Pasca di Magliano Marina , Sadanandam Anguraj , Lyssiotis Costas A.
Published: May 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease notoriously resistant to therapy1,2. This is mediated in part by a complex tumour microenvironment3, low vascularity4, and metabolic aberrations5,6. Although altered metabolism drives tumour progression, the spectrum of metabolites used as nutrients by PDA remains largely unknown. Here we identified uridine as a fuel for PDA in glucose-deprived conditions by assessing how more than 175 metabolites impacted metabolic activity in 21 pancreatic cell lines under nutrient restriction. Uridine utilization strongly correlated with the expression of uridine phosphorylase 1 (UPP1), which we demonstrate liberates uridine-derived ribose to fuel central carbon metabolism and thereby support redox balance, survival and proliferation in glucose-restricted PDA cells. In PDA, UPP1 is regulated by KRAS–MAPK signalling and is augmented by nutrient restriction. Consistently, tumours expressed high UPP1 compared with non-tumoural tissues, and UPP1 expression correlated with poor survival in cohorts of patients with PDA. Uridine is available in the tumour microenvironment, and we demonstrated that uridine-derived ribose is actively catabolized in tumours. Finally, UPP1 deletion restricted the ability of PDA cells to use uridine and blunted tumour growth in immunocompetent mouse models. Our data identify uridine utilization as an important compensatory metabolic process in nutrient-deprived PDA cells, suggesting a novel metabolic axis for PDA therapy.
Inhibiting membrane rupture with NINJ1 antibodies limits tissue injury
Authors: Kayagaki Nobuhiko , Stowe Irma B. , Alegre Kamela , Deshpande Ishan , Wu Shuang , Lin Zhonghua , Kornfeld Opher S. , Lee Bettina L. , Zhang Juan , Liu John , Suto Eric , Lee Wyne P. , Schneider Kellen , Lin WeiYu , Seshasayee Dhaya , Bhangale Tushar , Chalouni Cecile , Johnson Matthew C. , Joshi Prajakta , Mossemann Jan , Zhao Sarah , Ali Danish , Goldenberg Neil M. , Sayed Blayne A. , Steinberg Benjamin E. , Newton Kim , Webster Joshua D. , Kelly Ryan L. , Dixit Vishva M.
Published: May 2023

Plasma membrane rupture (PMR) in dying cells undergoing pyroptosis or apoptosis requires the cell-surface protein NINJ11. PMR releases pro-inflammatory cytoplasmic molecules, collectively called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), that activate immune cells. Therefore, inhibiting NINJ1 and PMR may limit the inflammation that is associated with excessive cell death. Here we describe an anti-NINJ1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets mouse NINJ1 and blocks oligomerization of NINJ1, preventing PMR. Electron microscopy studies showed that this antibody prevents NINJ1 from forming oligomeric filaments. In mice, inhibition of NINJ1 or Ninj1 deficiency ameliorated hepatocellular PMR induced with TNF plus d-galactosamine, concanavalin A, Jo2 anti-Fas agonist antibody or ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Accordingly, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, the liver enzymes alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, and the DAMPs interleukin 18 and HMGB1 were reduced. Moreover, in the liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury model, there was an attendant reduction in neutrophil infiltration. These data indicate that NINJ1 mediates PMR and inflammation in diseases driven by aberrant hepatocellular death.
AZAR eye and vision cohort study
Authors: Somi Mohammad Hossein , Nikniaz Zeinab , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Naghibi Irvani Seyed Sina , Nourizadeh Amir Mohammad , Mirzaei Mohammad , Alipour Fateme , Jafari Fatemeh , Faramarzi Elnaz
Published: May 2023

According to World Health Organization (WHO), currently, 2.2 billion people are living with visual impairment worldwide, of which almost half could have been prevented. There are both modifiable and unmodifiable factors leading to visual disability and, ultimately, blindness. Several population-based studies in different parts of Iran have tried to determine these factors concerning their specific population and environment-related characteristics. AZAR Eye and Vision cohort is the second-largest cohort study in the whole country. AZAR Eye and Vision cohort is the ophthalmologic branch of AZAR cohort which is the largest eye cohort study in the country, which is trying to determine the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment, blindness, and other major ophthalmologic conditions and their associated risk factors in East Azerbaijan province located in Iran, a middle eastern country. A recently emerging phenomenon is the drying of the ultra-salty lake of Urmia located in the West Azerbaijan province which is a direct neighbor of our studied population and has caused recurrent salt storms in the immediate near areas. This phenomenon could adversely affect visual health via different conditions which our study will elucidate. The enrollment phase took place between 2014 and 2017 and 11,208 participants were enrolled out of 15,000 participants in the primary cohort. The resurvey phase will begin five years after the enrollment phase. In this phase, 30% of the participants are randomly selected to be reexamined and complete questionnaires. The participants showing any issues such as diabetes and being a glaucoma suspect will be included in the resurvey phase, too. Data categories gathered include demographics, lifestyle factors, past medical and drug histories, and a diet quality and quantity questionnaire including 130 edible items. Urine, hair, nail, and 25-ml blood samples, were collected from the participants. Then they were referred to an optometrist to complete an ophthalmologic questionnaire and undergo eye examination and lensometry. Then they underwent slit-lamp examinations and pictures were taken of the lens and fundus. People with suspected visual impairment were referred to an ophthalmology clinic. The data are processed and a four-level quality check is performed on each block. The most common visual impairment is cataracts. This study’s most important aim is to evaluate the effect of local environmental and ethnic factors on eye diseases in this specific population.
Mean amplitude of low frequency fluctuations measured by fMRI at 11.7 T in the aging brain of mouse lemur primate
Authors: Garin Clément M. , Dhenain Marc
Published: May 2023

Non-human primates are a critical species for the identification of key biological mechanisms in normal and pathological aging. One of these primates, the mouse lemur, has been widely studied as a model of cerebral aging or Alzheimer's disease. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) can be measured with functional MRI. Within specific frequency bands (e.g. the 0.01–0.1 Hz), these amplitudes were proposed to indirectly reflect neuronal activity as well as glucose metabolism. Here, we first created whole brain maps of the mean amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (mALFF) in young mouse lemurs (mean ± SD: 2.1 ± 0.8 years). Then, we extracted mALFF in old lemurs (mean ± SD: 8.8 ± 1.1 years) to identify age-related changes. A high level of mALFF was detected in the temporal cortex (Brodmann area 20), somatosensory areas (Brodmann area 5), insula (Brodmann areas 13–6) and the parietal cortex (Brodmann area 7) of healthy young mouse lemurs. Aging was associated with alterations of mALFF in somatosensory areas (Brodmann area 5) and the parietal cortex (Brodmann area 7).
CuONPs/MWCNTs/carbon paste modified electrode for determination of tramadol: theoretical and experimental investigation
Authors: Razavi Razieh , Amiri Mahnaz , Divsalar Kouros , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: May 2023

A practical technique was applied to fabricate CuO nanostructures for use as the electrocatalyst. The green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via co-precipitation is described in this paper using an aqueous extract of Origanum majorana as both reductant and stabilizer, accompanied by characterization via XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The XRD pattern revealed no impurities, whereas SEM revealed low agglomerated spherical particles. CuO nanoparticles and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been used to create a modified carbon paste electrode. Voltammetric methods were used to analyze Tramadol using CuONPs/MWCNT as a working electrode. The produced nanocomposite showed high selectivity for Tramadol analysis with peak potentials of ~ 230 mV and ~ 700 mV and Excellent linear calibration curves for Tramadol ranging from 0.08 to 500.0 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and detection limits of 0.025. Also, the CuO NPs/MWCNT/CPE sensor shows an an appreciable sensitivity of 0.0773 μA/μM to tramadol. For the first time the B3LYP/LanL2DZ, quantum method was used to compute DFT to determine nanocomposites' connected energy and bandgap energy. Eventually, CuO NPs/CNT was shown to be effective in detecting Tramadol in actual samples, with a recovery rate ranging from 96 to 104.3%.
Design and introduction of quaternary ammonium hydroxide‐functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Salim , Targhan Homa , Bahrami Kiumars
Published: May 2023

In present work, design and synthesis of a novel pseudo-homogeneous catalyst is described. For this purpose, amine-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) were prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by a facile one-step oxidative fragmentation approach. The prepared N-GOQDs were then modified with quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups. Various characterization techniques clearly revealed that the quaternary ammonium hydroxide‐functionalized GOQDs (N-GOQDs/OH−) have been successfully synthesized. TEM image revealed that the GOQDs particles are almost regularly spherical in shape and mono-dispersed with particle sizes < 10 nm. The efficiency of the synthesized N-GOQDs/OH− as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst in epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature was investigated. The corresponding epoxide products were obtained in good to high yields. This procedure has the advantages of a green oxidant, high yields, involvement of non-toxic reagents and reusability of the catalyst without discernible loss in activity.
Multi-sample/multi-nucleus parallel polarization and monitoring enabled by a fluid path technology compatible cryogenic probe for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Lê Thanh Phong , Hyacinthe Jean-Noël , Capozzi Andrea
Published: May 2023

Low throughput is one of dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) main shortcomings. Especially for clinical and preclinical applications, where direct 13C nuclei polarization is usually pursued, it takes hours to generate one single hyperpolarized (HP) sample. Being able to hyperpolarize more samples at once represents a clear advantage and can expand the range and complexity of the applications. In this work, we present the design and performance of a highly versatile and customizable dDNP cryogenic probe, herein adapted to a 5 T “wet” preclinical polarizer, that can accommodate up to three samples at once and, most importantly, it is capable of monitoring the solid-state spin dynamics of each sample separately, regardless of the kind of radical used and the nuclear species of interest. Within 30 min, the system was able to dispense three HP solutions with high repeatability across the channels (30.0 ± 1.2% carbon polarization for [1-13C]pyruvic acid doped with trityl radical). Moreover, we tested multi-nucleus NMR capability by polarizing and monitoring simultaneously 13C, 1H and 129Xe. Finally, we implemented [1-13C]lactate/[1-13C]pyruvate polarization and back-to-back dissolution and injection in a healthy mouse model to perform multiple-substrate HP Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) at 14.1 T.
Ethiopian orthodox fasting is associated with weight reduction and body composition changes among healthy adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Michael Alemayehu , Baye Kaleab
Published: May 2023

The Ethiopian Orthodox Christian (EOC) fasts, although adopted for religious purposes, combines aspects of energy restriction, time-restricted feeding, and a vegan dietary pattern, all of which have been independently associated with weight loss and healthier body composition. However, combined effect of these practices as part of EOC fast remains unknown. This longitudinal study design evaluated the effect of EOC fasting on body weight and body composition. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity level, and fasting regimen followed was captured through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and body composition measurements were taken before and at the end of major fasting seasons. Body composition parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA), Tanita® BC-418®, Japan). Significant changes in body weight and body composition were observed for both fasts. Significant decreases in body weight (14/44 day fast: − 0.45; P = 0.004/− 0.65; P = 0.004), FFM (− 0.82; P = 0.002/− 0.41; P < 0.0001), and trunk fat mass (− 0.68; P < 0.0001/− 0.82; P < 0.0001) were observed after adjusting for covariates including age, sex, and physical activity. The EOC fasting regimen leads to significant reductions of body weight and compositions. Longer fasting duration led to much higher effects in body weight and body composition and may be non-pharmacological strategy in prevention or treatment of chronic diseases.
Integrative Mendelian randomization reveals the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products as protective in relation to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lee Gha Young , Yao Chen , Hwang Shih-Jen , Ma Jiantao , Joehanes Roby , Lee Dong Heon , Ellison R. Curtis , Moore Lynn L. , Liu Chunyu , Levy Daniel
Published: May 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given the critical roles of the immune system and inflammatory signals in the pathogenesis of CVD, we hypothesized that interrogation of CVD-related proteins using integrative genomics might provide new insights into the pathophysiology of RA. We utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) for causal inference between circulating protein levels and RA by incorporating genetic variants, followed by colocalization to characterize the causal associations. Genetic variants from three sources were obtained: those associated with 71 CVD-related proteins measured in nearly 7000 Framingham Heart Study participants, a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of RA (19 234 cases, 61 565 controls), and GWAS of rheumatoid factor (RF) levels from the UK Biobank (n = 30 565). We identified the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a critical inflammatory pathway protein, as putatively causal and protective for both RA (odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increment in inverse-rank normalized sRAGE level = 0.364; 95% confidence interval 0.342–0.385; P = 6.40 × 10–241) and RF levels (β [change in RF level per sRAGE increment] = − 1.318; SE = 0.434; P = 0.002). Using an integrative genomic approach, we highlight the AGER/RAGE axis as a putatively causal and promising therapeutic target for RA.
Research on spatial and temporal differences of carbon emissions and influencing factors in eight economic regions of China based on LMDI model
Authors: Jiang Pan , Gong Xiujuan , Yang Yirui , Tang Kai , Zhao Yuting , Liu Shu , Liu Liang
Published: May 2023

With the gradual increase of international willingness to reach the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, this paper decomposes the influencing factors of China’s carbon emission changes from 2008 to 2019 using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model (LMDI), and analyzes the contribution amount and rate of each influencing factor. The results found that: for the whole country, the cumulative growth of carbon emissions during the study period is about 416,484.47 (104 tons), among which the economic growth effect plays a major role in promoting, with a cumulative contribution rate of 284.16%; The increase in regulation intensity and the optimization of industrial structure, however, suppress carbon emissions well, with a cumulative contribution rate of about – 199.21% and − 64.75%, respectively, during the study period. For economic regions, the cumulative influence direction of each driver is the same as that of the whole country, while the population size effect in the northeast economic region and the regulation input effect in the eastern coastal economic region act in the opposite direction from other economic regions, and the carbon emission reduction direction of the energy intensity effect varies from one economic region to another. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations to enhance regulatory intensity, optimize industrial and energy consumption structure, implement localized emission reduction strategies, and promote synergistic emission reduction in economic zones.
Deep learning application for the classification of Alzheimer’s disease using 18F-flortaucipir (AV-1451) tau positron emission tomography
Authors: Park Sang Won , Yeo Na Young , Kim Yeshin , Byeon Gihwan , Jang Jae-Won
Published: May 2023

The positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-flortaucipir can distinguish individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of 18F-flortaucipir-PET images and multimodal data integration in the differentiation of CU from MCI or AD through DL. We used cross-sectional data (18F-flortaucipir-PET images, demographic and neuropsychological score) from the ADNI. All data for subjects (138 CU, 75 MCI, 63 AD) were acquired at baseline. The 2D convolutional neural network (CNN)-long short-term memory (LSTM) and 3D CNN were conducted. Multimodal learning was conducted by adding the clinical data with imaging data. Transfer learning was performed for classification between CU and MCI. The AUC for AD classification from CU was 0.964 and 0.947 in 2D CNN-LSTM and multimodal learning. The AUC of 3D CNN showed 0.947, and 0.976 in multimodal learning. The AUC for MCI classification from CU had 0.840 and 0.923 in 2D CNN-LSTM and multimodal learning. The AUC of 3D CNN showed 0.845, and 0.850 in multimodal learning. The 18F-flortaucipir PET is effective for the classification of AD stage. Furthermore, the effect of combination images with clinical data increased the performance of AD classification.
Targeted delivery of alcohol-containing payloads with antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Grier Katja E. , Hansen Anders H. , Haxvig Christina S. , Li Xin , Krigslund Oliver , Behrendt Niels , Engelholm Lars H. , Rossi Fabio , Sousa Bebiana C. , Harradence Grant J. , Camper Nicolas , Qvortrup Katrine M.
Published: May 2023

We herein describe the cell-specific release of alcohol-containing payloadsviaa sulfatase-sensitive linker in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
Polymorphism in cocrystals of metronidazole benzoate
Authors: Saraiva Costa Wendell , Santiago de Oliveira Yara , Ayala Alejandro Pedro
Published: May 2023

Two polymorphic cocrystals from the metronidazole benzoate with salicylic acid and fumaric acid as coformers are reported in this work.
Exploring the supramolecular profile of 5-phenylhydantoins
Authors: Lazić Anita , Radovanović Lidija , Rogan Jelena , Valentić Nataša , Janjić Goran , Đorđević Ivana , Trišović Nemanja
Published: May 2023

Investigation of self-assembly pathways of 5-phenylhydantoins which results either in racemates, racemic hydrate or conglomerates, as well as a docking study on three different targets, is presented.
Intrinsic defects on α, γ and δ-CsPbI3 (001) surfaces and implications for the α/γ to δ phase transition
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Yaqiong
Published: May 2023

Surface intrinsic defects critical to the phase transition of CsPbI3 are systematically studied, illustrating the variation of VPb and VI.
Spin-polarized electronic properties of naphthylene-based carbon nanostructures
Authors: dos Santos Mário Rocha , Fadel Mayada , Silva Paloma Vieira , Meunier Vincent , Girão Eduardo Costa
Published: May 2023

Metal-to-semiconducting transition in the naphthylene-β 2D lattice induced by a spin-polarized state.
Isothermal structural evolution of CL-20/HMX cocrystals under slow roasting at 190 °C
Authors: Liang Wentao , Sun Xiaoyu , Wang He , Wang Junke , Sui Zhilei , Ren Haichao , Dai Rucheng , Zheng Xianxu , Wang Zhongping , Duan Xiaohui , Zhang Zengming
Published: May 2023

As a new type of energetic material, cocrystal explosives demonstrate many excellent properties, such as high energy density and low sensitivity, due to the interaction between the molecules of the two components.
Reaction mechanism and electronic properties of host–guest energetic material CL-20/HA under high pressure by quantum-based molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Xiao Yiwen , Chen Lang , Yang Kun , Lu Jianying , Wu Junying
Published: May 2023

The quantum-based MD method was adopted to simulate the chemical behaviors of the promising host-guest energetic material CL-20/HA under shock in electronic property, charge transfer, reaction mechanism, etc.
Enhancing the performance of Cu catalysts for the reverse water–gas shift reaction using N-doped CNT–ZnO composite as support
Authors: Querido Ana Rita , Gonçalves Liliana P. L. , Kolen'ko Yury V. , Pereira M. Fernando R. , Soares O. Salomé G. P.
Published: May 2023

The reverse water–gas shift reaction (RWGS) allows the conversion of CO2 to CO which, mixed with H2, forms syngas, the feedstock of most chemicals and synthetic fuels production.
Strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity and Rashba-type spin splitting in asymmetric structures: first-principles study for Janus γ-Sn2OX (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Anh Nguyen P.Q. , Phuc Huynh V. , Kartamyshev A. I. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose a series of two-dimensional asymmetric Janus γ-Sn2OX (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers and systematically calculate the electronic structure, piezoelectricity, and mobility of carriers by using the first-principles method.
Novel lignin polymerization pathway leading to branching in the structure
Authors: Beck Seth , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: May 2023

New lignin linkage: This work computationally characterizes a new pathway in lignin polymerization leading to an α-O-γ lignin linkage, which is energetically favored over competing pathways and can act as a branching point in the lignin structure.
Elimination of aspirin and paracetamol from aqueous media using Fe/N-CNT/β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite polymers: theoretical comparative survey via advanced physical models
Authors: Dhaouadi Fatma , Aouaini Fatma , Al-Essa Laila A. , Khemiri Noura , Erto Alessandro , Ben Lamine Abdelmottaleb
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this research is to theoretically investigate the adsorption of two pharmaceutical molecules, i.e. aspirin and paracetamol, using two composite adsorbents, i.e. N-CNT/β-CD and Fe/N-CNT/β-CD nanocomposite polymers.
Drainage System Planning with Eco-Drainage Concept in Bumi Serpong Damai Housing Area (BSD)
Authors: Cahyono Christian , Setyawan Prabowo Arif
Published: May 2023

Drainage is one form of facility that must be designed as a drainage system for the flow of water for the area in order to meet the needs of the community. From a different perspective, this drainage functions to drain water from the surface to water bodies. A good drainage system needs to be provided for good surface water management, especially with changes in land use resulting in increased surface water flow. One form of drainage that can be a solution is eco-drainage. In this study, the eco-drainage concept is applied to a residential location in Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) to see the effect of eco-drainage applications in overcoming surface water flow problems. after implementing eco-drainage, the runoff flow of water that goes directly to the drainage canal can be reduced, for comparison with using the infiltration well system accommodated about 20% and the runoff discharge leading to the canal reduced to 0.1710 m3/s and by using biopore holes accommodated approx. With total absorption capacity in channel 1 of about 0.0741 m3/s to reduce runoff to drainage by 27.85%.
Hazard and Risk Analysis of Driven Pile Foundation Works Using HIRARC Method
Authors: Liandar Stefani , Putra Andi Bayu , Prahara Eduardi
Published: May 2023

One of the construction processes with high potential for danger is driven pile foundation work. Driven pile foundation work has a series of processes that are quite dangerous if not executed properly due complicated work process. This study aims to identify hazards and provide efforts to control hazards using the HIRARC method. Based on the results of the study, 42 potential hazards were identified, with 21 possible hazards at a low level, and 21 possible hazards at a moderate level. Risk controls are carried out by checking the equipment before use, checking the feasibility of SIA and SIO to ensure operator competence, clearing the work area from unauthorized workers other than the operator of heavy equipment and helper(s), providing barricades and warning signs in the work area, using essential PPE and additional PPE, and good coordination and communication with all workers involved in driven pile foundation work. Several suggestions are everyone that is in charge of work must be firm in penalties, all work tools must be checked carefully and periodically, and PPE providers must provide essential and additional PPE for specialized jobs. For future research we can suggest continue discussion regarding the operational control, cost budget plan, and evaluation and review of SHE performance.