bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SDM: A New Data Set on Self-determination Movements with an Application to the Reputational Theory of Conflict
Authors: Sambanis Nicholas , Germann Micha , Schädel Andreas
Published: October 2017

This article presents a new data set on self-determination movements (SDMs) with universal coverage for the period from 1945 to 2012. The data set corrects the selection bias that characterizes previous efforts to code SDMs and significantly expands coverage relative to the extant literature. For a random sample of cases, we add information on state–movement interactions and several attributes of SDM groups. The data can be used to study the causes of SDMs, the escalation of self-determination (SD) conflicts over time, and several other theoretical arguments concerning separatist conflict that have previously been tested with incomplete or inferior data. We demonstrate the usefulness of the new data set by revisiting Barbara Walter’s influential argument that governments will not accommodate SD challengers if they face several potential future challengers down the road because they want to build a reputation for strength. We do not find support for Walter’s reputational theory of separatist conflict.
Bridging Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory
Authors: Volacu Alexandru
Published: October 2017

Many of the recent methodological debates within political theory have focused on the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction. While ideal theorists recognise the need to develop an account of the transition between the two levels of theorising, no general proposal has been advanced thus far. In this article, I aim to bridge this conceptual gap. Towards this end, I first reconstruct the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction within a simplified two-dimensional framework, which captures the primary meanings usually attributed to it. Subsequently, I use this framework to provide an algorithm for the bidirectional transition between ideal and non-ideal theory, based on the incremental derivation of normative models. The approach outlined illuminates the various ways in which principles derived under highly idealised assumptions might be distorted by the circumstances of our current world and illustrates the various paths which we can pursue in moving from our current state of the world to an ideal one.
Precurved Cochlear Implants and Tip Foldover: A Cadaveric Imaging Study
Authors: Trakimas Danielle R. , Kozin Elliott D. , Ghanad Iman , Barber Sam R. , Curtin Hugh , Remenschneider Aaron K.
Published: October 2017

Objective

This study aims to define a reliable protocol for radiographic identification of placement and tip foldover of newly designed precurved and straight electrodes.

Study Design

Prospective imaging study.

Setting

Academic institution.

Methods

Three models of cochlear implants (Cochlear, MED‐EL, and Advanced Bionics) were inserted into fresh cadaveric specimens (n = 2) in 3 configurations (normal positioning in the scala tympani, intracochlear tip foldover, and placement into the vestibular system) for a total of 9 implant scenarios. Specimens were imaged with plain radiography in Stenvers projection, as well as by high‐resolution computed tomography.

Results

Electrode placement and presence or absence of electrode tip foldover were easily identified in all 9 scenarios on plain radiography based on the described technique. Each was confirmed with high‐resolution computed tomography. Plain film temporal bone images of new electrode designs with proper and improper placement are provided for reference.

Conclusion

A defined protocol for intraoperative plain film radiography allowed for reliable imaging of 3 newly designed cochlear implant electrodes and immediate identification of extracochlear placement and tip foldover. Findings may be used for intraoperative confirmation of electrode array placement.
The Development and Evaluation of a Life Skills Programme for Young Adult Offenders
Authors: Jordaan Jacques , Beukes Roelf , Esterhuyse Karel
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Life Skills programme for young adult male long-term offenders with the aim of improving their life skills that, in turn, could enable them to adjust more effectively in the correctional environment. Experimental research was used to investigate the effectiveness of the programme. In this study, 96 literate young adult male offenders between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with long sentences, were selected randomly. The participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and a control group. The Solomon four-group design was utilized to control for the effect of pretest sensitization. The measurements of the effectiveness of the programme were conducted before the programme commenced, directly (short term) after, 3 months (medium term) after, and 6 months (long term) after. The findings indicated that the programme had limited success in equipping the offenders with the necessary skills crucial to their survival in a correctional centre. The programme did, however, have significant effects, especially on problem solving and anger management in the short and medium term. These improvements were not long lived.
Developmental coordination disorder is more than a motor problem: Children describe the impact of daily struggles on their quality of life
Authors: Zwicker Jill G , Suto Melinda , Harris Susan R , Vlasakova Nikol , Missiuna Cheryl
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Affecting 5–6% of children, developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor motor coordination and difficulty learning motor skills. Although quantitative studies have suggested that children with developmental coordination disorder experience reduced quality of life, no known qualitative studies have reported what daily life is like from their perspective.

Method

Guided by an inductive realistic approach and using semi-structured, individual interviews, 13 children (8–12 years) were asked to describe what life is like in their own words. Three researchers coded interviews manually to identify relevant content. An experienced qualitative researcher conducted a second, in-depth thematic analysis using NVivo to identify patterns and themes.

Findings

Two themes – milestones as millstones and the perils of printing – illuminated participants’ challenges in completing everyday activities at home and at school. The third theme – more than a motor problem – revealed the social and emotional impact of these struggles and from being excluded from play. The fourth theme – coping strategies – described their efforts to be resilient.

Conclusion

Parents, educators, physicians, and therapists working with children with developmental coordination disorder must recognize how their quality of life is affected by the physical and emotional toll of their efforts to participate successfully in daily activities.
An invitation to the dark side of economic geography
Authors: Phelps Nicholas A , Atienza Miguel , Arias Martin
Published: October 2017

This exchange urges economic geographers working within several major extant schools of thought to pay greater attention to uneven economic development in general and the dark side of the economic geographies in particular.
Factors Associated With Opinions About Hospice Among Older Adults
Authors: Lee Joonyup , Cagle John G.
Published: October 2017

Attitudes and opinions about end-of-life care among older adults are understudied. Using survey data from the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) membership in Florida (N = 2714), this study identified predictors of opinions about hospice (OAH) among older adults. Relationships between race/ethnicity and attitudes were also examined. Results showed race of the respondent was the strongest predictor of one’s OAH. Predictors of positive opinions of hospice included being of Caucasian race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, better health, greater familiarity with hospice, a high importance of pain control, the importance of fulfilling personal goals, a desire to have health-care professionals involved in one’s care, and having engaged in advance care planning. These findings suggest a need for greater attention to culture-based elements in future research and practice.
Sources of Social Support After Patient Assault as Related to Staff Well-Being
Authors: Kelly Erin L. , Fenwick Karissa M. , Brekke John S. , Novaco Raymond W.
Published: October 2017

Patient assault is a serious issue for the well-being of staff in psychiatric hospitals. To guide workplace responses to patient assault, more information is needed about social support from different sources and whether those supports are associated with staff well-being. The present study examines social support after patient assault from work-based and nonwork-based sources, and whether inpatient psychiatric staff desires support from them and perceive the support received as being effective. Received support across sources was examined in relations to staff well-being (physical health, mental health, anger, sleep quality) and perceptions of safety. Survey data was collected from 348 clinical staff in a large public forensic mental hospital. Among the 242 staff who reported an assault in the last year, 71% wanted support and 72% found effective support from at least one source. Generally, effective support from supervisors, coworkers, and their combination was associated with better well-being. Support from nonwork sources was related to less concerns about safety, but not to other well-being measures. However, 28% of staff did not receive effective support from any source postassault. Gaps in support as reported in this study and as found by other investigators call for systematic programming by hospital organizations to enhance the well-being of clinical staff, which in turn has implications for patient care.
Design and analysis of high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by modified curvature motion method
Authors: Mu Yanming , Fang Zongde
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a new method to design a seventh-order transmission error for high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by the modified curvature motion method to reach the purpose of reducing or eliminating gear vibration and noise. In this paper, firstly, based on the predesigned seventh-order transmission error, the polynomial coefficients of transmission error curve can be obtained. Secondly, a method named modified curvature motion method is used to generate the spiral bevel gear with the predesigned transmission error. Lastly, based on TCA and LTCA, we verify the feasibility of the modified curvature motion method to generate spiral bevel gear with seventh-order transmission error, and the meshing impact of gear set with the seventh-order and second-order function of transmission error is analyzed and compared. The results of a numerical example show that the seventh-order transmission error acquired by the modified curvature motion method can effectively reduce the meshing impact of spiral bevel gears. The tooth modiﬁcation method and meshing impact analysis method can serve as a basis for developing a general technique of ﬂank modiﬁcation for spiral bevel gears.
Buckling of bimorph functionally graded piezoelectric cylindrical nanoshell
Authors: Mehralian Fahimeh , Tadi Beni Yaghoub
Published: October 2017

Functionally graded piezoelectric materials are of interest for a wide variety of nanotechnological applications. Buckling of functionally graded piezoelectric nanotubes, as ubiquitous event, recently attracted increasing interest. Also, in this article, the buckling response of bimorph functionally graded piezoelectric cylindrical nanoshells attended to lateral pressure is investigated on the basis of nonlocal strain gradient theory. The formulation developed on the basis of the first-order shear deformation theory with von Kármán kinematic nonlinearity. The material properties are considered to vary across thickness direction according to power law distribution. The electric potential is considered to be quadratic through thickness direction. Due to bifurcation analysis, the prebuckling deformation is initially investigated; then, in the case of simply supported edge condition, the buckling response of a bimorph functionally graded piezoelectric nanotube is studied and the influences of various parameters on buckling pressure are illustrated.
Analysis of coupler jackknifing and its effect on locomotives on a tangent track
Authors: Guo Lirong , Wang Kaiyun
Published: October 2017

Coupler jackknifing has caused a number of derailments, and it is a significant topic that needs in-depth studies. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of coupler jackknifing and its effects on the dynamic performance of locomotives during braking. A field braking experiment using three eight-axle locomotives was conducted on a tangent track. The experimental results indicated that in-service couplers with a friction arc surface are prone to coupler jackknifing once the compressive force of the coupler exceeds 400 kN. After coupler jackknifing, the coupler angle has a significant positive correlation with the yaw angle of the car body; both coupler jackknifing and coupler angle increase rapidly to maximum values. The contact between the car body and the bogie seriously affects the dynamic performance of the locomotive and causes lateral instability of the locomotive. In particular, the lateral deviation of the coupling couplers generates an eccentric wear on the tail of the coupler. A numerical simulation model is developed to investigate the effect of coupler jackknifing on the running safety of the locomotive. Simulation results show that coupler jackknifing induces an excessive lateral force on the wheelset and increases the risk of derailments and gauge widening. Compared with the existing measures against coupler jackknifing, in this study, an effectively active measure is proposed to improve the stability of the coupler and to prevent possible derailments caused by coupler jackknifing during braking.
A Descriptive Study of School-Based Problem-Solving
Authors: Todd Anne W. , Algozzine Bob , Horner Robert H. , Preston Angela I. , Cusumano Dale , Algozzine Kate
Published: October 2017

We report here the type of problems and solutions that 38 school teams reported during a randomized wait-list controlled trial of one problem-solving approach (Team Initiated Problem Solving [TIPS]). The experimental results from that analysis are reported elsewhere. The purpose of this article is to summarize companion descriptive data from this analysis and suggest implications for school personnel and education researchers. Data for this analysis come from direct observation of team meetings for 38 elementary school teams in Oregon and North Carolina as they each met on four different occasions over an 18-month period to manage the behavioral supports in their schools. Our focus was on the types of problems the teams identified, the precision with which problems were identified (what behavior, who, where, when, why), the features of solutions that were developed, the extent to which solutions were perceived as being implemented, and the extent to which solutions were perceived as resulting in improved student outcomes. The most common solutions focused on varying forms of changing organizational systems. Teams were not likely to measure if their solution had been implemented or was effective prior to receiving TIPS training.
The Development of Gratitude in Brazilian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Palhares Fernanda , Freitas Lia B. L. , Merçon-Vargas Elisa A. , Tudge Jonathan R. H.
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to examine age-related changes in gratitude expression and spending preferences and the associations between children’s greatest wish and gratitude expression. Participants were 285 children of ages 7 to 14 ( M = 10.87, SD = 2.27, 54% girls) from public and private schools in Porto Alegre, a large urban center of Brazil. We found that verbal gratitude was the most common type of gratitude expression. Older children were more likely to express verbal and less likely to express concrete gratitude than were younger participants; they were also more likely to choose saving money for the future and less likely to choose donating to the poor. We also found a positive correlation between hedonistic wishes and concrete gratitude and between social well-being wishes and connective gratitude. Our results suggest that gratitude is linked to the ability of thinking about others, and may be hindered by a focus on immediate pleasure.
European Lone Actor Terrorists Versus “Common” Homicide Offenders: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Liem Marieke , van Buuren Jelle , de Roy van Zuijdewijn Jeanine , Schönberger Hanneke , Bakker Edwin
Published: October 2017

The term “Lone Actor” has been applied to a variety of violent individuals who are thought to act out of ideological motivations using terrorist tactics. So far, much of the research is U.S.-based. There is an empirical vacuum of Lone Actor violence in Europe and a conceptual gap in how these acts may be understood as a variation of homicidal behavior. We examine and compare characteristics of European Lone Actors to European “common” homicide offenders. Lone Actor terrorists constitute a heterogeneous group that is similar to homicide offenders but differs in terms of substance use, weapon use, and target. These findings may be understood in the context of instrumental versus expressive aims.
Applying EMD/HHT analysis to power traces of applications executed on systems with Intel Xeon Phi
Authors: Lawson Gary , Sosonkina Masha , Ezer Tal , Shen Yuzhong
Published: October 2017

Power draw is a complex physical response to the workload of a given application on the hardware, which is difficult to model, in part, due to its variability. The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert–Huang transform (EMD/HHT) is a method commonly applied to physical systems varying with time to analyze their complex behavior. In authors’ work, the EMD/HHT is considered for the first time to study power usage of high-performance applications. Here, this method is applied to the power measurement sequences (called here power traces) collected on three different computing platforms featuring two generations of Intel Xeon Phi, which are an attractive solution under the power budget constraints. The high-performance applications explored in this work are codesign molecular synamics and general atomic and molecular electronic structure system—which exhibit different power draw characteristics—to showcase strengths and limitations of the EMD/HHT analysis. Specifically, EMD/HHT measures intensity of an execution, which shows the concentration of power draw with respect to execution time and provides insights into performance bottlenecks. This article compares intensity among executions, noting on a relationship between intensity and execution characteristics, such as computation amount and data movement. In general, this article concludes that the EMD/HHT method is a viable tool to compare application power usage and performance over the entire execution and that it has much potential in selecting most appropriate execution configurations.
Consequences of Different Corticosteroids on Serum Potassium and Prostate-Specific Antigen in Patients Receiving Abiraterone for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Tatsuzawa Masaomi , Ogawa Ryuichi , Kinjo Naoki , Kim Soan , Shimizu Fumitaka , Sakamoto Yoshiro , Shimojima Kazuyo , Echizen Hirotoshi , Miyazaki Akihisa
Published: October 2017

Background:

Abiraterone acetate is an androgen synthesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although co-administration of either prednisone or prednisolone at 10 mg/d has been recommended to reduce the risk of abiraterone-induced hyperaldosteronism (notably hypokalemia) and to give adjunctive pain relief effects, whether these glucocorticoids can be substituted by dexamethasone remains unknown.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients who were given abiraterone for the treatment of CRPC with either prednisolone (ABI/PSL) 10 mg/d or dexamethasone (ABI/DEX) 0.5 or 1 mg/d between 2014 and 2017 in Juntendo University Nerima Hospital. Demographic and biochemical data including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were retrieved from the electronic medical records.

Results:

Fifty-three eligible patients (27 in ABI/PSL group and 26 in ABI/DEX group) were extracted from the records. Both groups showed no significant changes in serum potassium level before and after starting treatment. In the ABI/PSL group, 12 patients (46%) showed elevations of PSA and 7 patients (27%) discontinued treatment within 3 months. In contrast, in the ABI/DEX group, only 6 patients (25%) showed elevations of PSA and 3 patients (13%, all were given dexamethasone 1 mg/d) discontinued treatment.

Conclusions:

Dexamethasone and prednisolone may be equally effective in preventing abiraterone-induced hypokalemia.
Low-friction shaft seal composed of bio-inspired materials covering low-speed range under water environment
Authors: Honda Takuro , Kasamura Keiji , Nakashima Yuta , Higaki Hidehiko , Nakanishi Yoshitaka
Published: October 2017

Shaft seals with a seal lip are used in various applications to separate gases and fluids, but their sealing function and durability are affected by the extent of lubrication at the dynamic seal faces between a rotating shaft and the seal lip. A new sealing system consisting of two hydrated seal rings and non-Newtonian lubricants was designed by a biomimetic approach to minimise frictional loss and provide high waterproof function when separating air and water. This system demonstrates significant superiority in low-speed rotation, conditions under which the lubrication mechanism of an oil seal or mechanical seal does not generally work well. Fibre reinforcement of the seal ring material was performed to prevent the deformation of the soft seal rings because of the frictional force in the tangential direction of the shaft and water pressure. This reinforcement enabled the new sealing system to obtain both high waterproof performance and low frictional characteristics in the speed range of 20–100 r/min.
Friction studies of metal surfaces with various 3D printed patterns tested in dry sliding conditions
Authors: Holovenko Y , Antonov M , Kollo L , Hussainova I
Published: October 2017

In recent years, 3D scanning and printing of plastics has rapidly matured while printing of metallic parts is only gaining popularity due to required refinements of technology combined with cost- and resources effectiveness for the main components of printers and consumables. The 3D printing allows producing complicated shapes that can be hardly produced by conventional mechanical tools and can provide the functionalization of surfaces. In this work, several different stainless steel (AISI 316 L) surface patterns (flat, gecko’s fibrils, dimples, pyramids, mushrooms, mesh, brush, inclined brush) intended for controlling the coefficient of friction were printed with the help of a 3D metal printer by selective laser melting technique. Unidirectional sliding tests were performed with pin-on-disc configuration. Sliding velocity of 5 × 10−3 m/s and continuously increasing load ranged from 5 to 103 N has been applied in the course of “scanning” mode and accompanied by simultaneous recording of the coefficient of friction. A stainless steel (AISI 316) disc counterbody was used in this series of the tests. It was found that the 3D printed structures allow to control the value and stability of the coefficient of friction in a wide range of loads. Microstructural analysis of the worn samples was performed to support the conclusions regarding wear mechanism.
Successful Graded Dose Challenge to Iodixanol Radiocontrast Media in a Patient With Delayed Anaphylaxis to Iohexol
Authors: Soffer Gary , Cohen Barrie , Toh Jennifer , Edelman Devorah , Garg Karan , Jariwala Sunit
Published: October 2017

We present a case of an 82-year-old male with known radiocontrast media (RCM) hypersensitivity who was admitted to our hospital with gangrene of his right toe. The plan for revascularization of his lower extremity required an angiogram. This presented a management challenge as the patient had experienced 2 episodes of delayed anaphylaxis to Omnipaque (iohexol) RCM, and based on a literature review, there was no known or established precedent on a safe procedure in these situations. The patient was premedicated and given a graded dose challenge of an alternative RCM (iodixanol) prior to the radiographic study. He was given 1% of the total expected dose 1 hour before to the procedure and an additional 10% for the 30 minutes prior. He was then given the final dose in the operating room. Following angiogram, the patient was monitored for 18 hours in the postanesthesia care unit, with no adverse reactions. He was placed on a prednisone taper for 1 week, with daily diphenhydramine. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the hospital course. This novel approach to RCM hypersensitivity management lends itself to a hope that graded dose challenges may play a greater role in the management of these patients.
The protoscience of cybersecurity
Authors: Hatleback Eric N
Published: October 2017

I argue that marking a proper distinction between two types of research in the cybersecurity field obviates the present debate concerning a “science of cybersecurity.” Once the terminology has been properly disambiguated, the accurate descriptor for the current state of the practice of cybersecurity becomes apparent: it is a protoscience. Further, once a definition for ‘science’ is specified, it becomes clear that the protoscientific state is capable of trending in the proper direction, namely toward science and away from pseudoscience.
Training needs of Portuguese practitioners working with children and young people with complex and intense support needs
Authors: Candeias Adelinda Araújo , Grácio Maria Luísa , Saragoça Maria José , Pires Heldemerina
Published: October 2017

Upon the publication in Portugal of Decree-Law No. 3/2008, inclusive education for all children in regular schools became compulsory. In a short period of time, the educational community (special education teachers, regular education teachers, administrators, and technicians) were required to include and teach all students in regular schools. This article characterizes Portuguese teachers’ perceptions (TPs; N = 105) about the training needs of practitioners working with children and young people with complex and intense support needs (CISNs). In this work, we use data collected using the questionnaire for practitioners working with children and young people with CISN—TPs, which was drawn up under the auspices of project ENABLIN+. The results of content analysis showed that the most frequently mentioned themes were special education, intervention strategies, international classification of functioning, disability and health, educational legislation, and family support/intervention. In conclusion, training should focus on specific contents, should be for everyone (practitioners and nonpractitioners), and should aim to improve practices, while being sufficiently flexible and differentiated to meaningfully inform each professional.
Speaking for the ‘people disciplines’: Global change science and its human dimensions
Authors: Castree Noel
Published: October 2017

A number of global change scientists have been enjoining their peers to alter their modus operandi. Calls have been issued for more ‘decision relevant’ forms of inquiry more squarely focused on ‘human dimensions’ as societies enter a ‘no analogue’ planetary situation. This paper analyses the way certain geoscientists who study global change imagine the ‘people disciplines’ to be of relevance to their own endeavours. It reveals a rather narrow understanding of the social sciences to be in play, alongside a largely nominal inclusion of the humanities. The paper suggests reasons for this combination of partiality and omission, and suggests why a much wider and more plural understanding of human dimensions is important. This understanding, it is shown, should rebound on the human dimensions of global change science itself. Some suggestions for new encounters between geoscientists, environmental social scientists and humanists are offered. Around 30 years after the first global change research programmes were created, it is unfortunate that the wider social sciences and humanities are not more visible to, and engaged with, global change scientists. Their relative marginality is a long-run problem. Yet visibility and engagement are vital to avoid ‘science imperialism’ by default in our knowledge of people–planet interactions in the Anthropocene. One hopes that in less than a decade hence, visibility and engagement increase significantly.
Lazy thinking, lazy giving—or lazy research?
Authors: van der Eynden Maarten , Fliflet Henrik , Pharo Per Fredrik Ilsaas , Ragnhildstveit Hege , Tønset Snorre
Published: October 2017

In 2007 it was announced that Norway would work to mitigate climate change through reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (commonly referred to as REDD+) as part of the development aid budget, and in 2008 “Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative” became operational. In a recently published article the argument is made that Norway’s international forest engagement has largely failed. In this response, we clarify how the article and critique is based on serious flaws in the assumptions used and analysis conducted.
Characterisation of 19th and 20th century Chinese paper
Authors: Brown Natalie , Lichtblau Dirk , Fearn Tom , Strlič Matija
Published: October 2017

The chemical and physical properties of 19th and 20th century Chinese papers were investigated using a variety of material characterisation methods. A reference collection of 178 Chinese papers, dating from 1799 to 1990 was used, and properties such as pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), lignin content, and tensile strength (zero-span) were determined. Most of the papers were of approximately neutral pH, had a low lignin content and DP similar to pre-19th century European rag paper. It was found that the high inhomogeneity and the typical paper thinness affected tensile testing and as a result, a modified method for zero-span tensile strength test was developed. Using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), proof-of-concept partial least squares (PLS) applications were developed for determination of tensile strength, pH, DP and for dating of the samples. For the latter, using post-1900 papers, the error of cross validation was 13 years. The presence of lignin was modelled using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), where the model could distinguish between high and low lignin content with 88% accuracy. Using one or multiple sheets for transmission NIR spectroscopy led to PLS results of similar quality, which was attributed to material inhomogeneity.
Variations of attenuation and VP/VS ratio in the vicinity of wastewater injection: A case study of Costa Molina 2 well (High Agri Valley, Italy)
Authors: Wcisło Miłosz , Stabile Tony Alfredo , Telesca Luciano , Eisner Leo
Published: October 2017

By analyzing seismicity induced by the injection of wastewater into the Costa Molina 2 well, we characterized attenuation in the area. Attenuation quality factors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were calculated using the peak-frequency method, which is suitable for small-magnitude earthquakes registered in the region. Anomalously high attenuation with values of effective [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ratio of less than 1 in the vicinity of the injection well was found, in comparison with [Formula: see text] for the rest of the region. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text] ratio was also found to be high in the close vicinity of the injection well. We determine how sedimentary rocks possibly change their geomechanical properties due to salt-water injection and find that observed changes of attenuation (increase) and [Formula: see text] ratio (increase) are consistent with the geomechanical models and experiments. Our findings indicate that the observed anomaly in the vicinity of the Costa Molina 2 well is due to the (1) changes of the properties of the rock mass affected by injection and (2) 3D structure in the overburden rocks.
Numerical study of an electrode-based resistivity tool for fracture diagnostics in steel-cased wellbores
Authors: Zhang Peng , Brick Yaniv , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: October 2017

The efficiency of a hydraulic fracture treatment depends primarily on the dimensions and orientation of propped fractures. We have developed a novel electrode-based resistivity tool concept for mapping proppant distribution in hydraulic fractures in steel-cased wellbores. The proposed tool configuration is shown to overcome the severe limitations of induction tools for the detection and resolution of propped fracture geometries in such wellbores. The concept makes use of an array of electrically insulating gap subsections, which are installed and cemented as permanent parts of the casing string, separating the casing sections. By imposing voltages on the insulating gaps, the conductive casing is excited directly, thus avoiding through-casing signal degradation caused by its high electrical conductivity. This allows us to detect subsurface fractures propped with conductive proppant. The envisioned measurements are performed by running a bottom-hole assembly into the fractured zone on a coiled tubing to impose a voltage across each insulating gap at a time, before and after hydraulic fracture operations. For each excited insulating gap, the voltages across all other insulating gaps are recorded by the electronics embedded in the insulating gaps. To interpret the envisioned measurements, a forward model of the tool, based on a finite volume method, is developed, and the design’s sensitivity to the fracture parameters is demonstrated via case studies. The results indicate that measurements made based on the proposed concept will be highly sensitive to a fracture’s location, size, and angle, and less sensitive to a fracture’s shape. Simulations also indicate that direct contact of the fracture with an excited casing section enables the differentiation of fractures of up to a 100 m radius. Fractures with angles greater than 30° or aspect ratios greater than two can also be distinguished from the ones orthogonal to the well or with an aspect ratio of one.
Source-to-sink system in the south bank of Qinghai Lake
Authors: Xu Wenmao , Jiang Zaixing , Chen Ji , Liu Chao , Dong Lingyu
Published: October 2017

In the south bank of Qinghai Lake, numerous alluvial fans and coastal deposits have been formed. In terms of their developmental positions and relationships, the denudation system, depositional system, and transportation system consist of source-to-sink systems. Based on the field-investigation evidence and literature survey, it was confirmed that the developmental processes of these “source-to-sink” systems can be divided into three stages: the Early-Late Pleistocene stage, from 39 to 23 ka BP; Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene stage, from 39 to 10.7 ka BP; and modern stage. At the present time, these stages can still be identified as three levels of lake shore terraces. In the Late Pleistocene, the source-to-sink system indicates that the lake level was high, supply of clasts was sufficient, fan deltas had formed, and the lakeside plain continued to develop. At the end of the Late Pleistocene, with the sudden changes in global climate, the climate was dry and cold, and the lake level fell. At this time, the source-to-sink system showed that lake level was relatively low, supply of clasts was reduced, and transportation distance was longer; ancient sediments started to recycle in this system. Until modern times, alluvial fans in the south bank of Qinghai Lake have only rarely been developed, and the supply of clasts is primarily derived from the recirculation of paleo-shore sediments. Meanwhile, a large amount of sandy gravel beaches developed along the lake shore. By studying the multistage source-to-sink systems around modern lakes, the characteristics of the system in lake basins are enriched and provide an important analogy for researches of ancient lake basins.
Space-time continuum in seismic stratigraphy: Principles and norms
Authors: Qayyum Farrukh , Betzler Christian , Catuneanu Octavian
Published: October 2017

Seismic stratigraphy is not only a geometric understanding of a stratigraphic succession, but it also has a close link to the space-time continuum started by H. E. Wheeler (1907–1987). The science follows the fundamental principles of stratigraphy, and the norms that govern seismic interpretation play a fundamental role due to their practical significance. The birth of computer-aided algorithms paved a new platform for seismic interpretation. The ideas from A. W. Grabau (1870–1946) and Wheeler were brought to a new level when space-time continuum was represented using 3D seismic data. This representation is commonly referred to as the Wheeler transformation, and it is based on flattening theories. Numerous algorithms have been introduced. Each suffers from its own problem and follow some assumption. The hydrocarbon industry, as well as academia, should seek a solution that is globally applicable to a stratigraphic succession irrespective of resolution, geologic challenges, and depositional settings. We have developed a review of the principles and norms behind these algorithms assisting in developing the space-time continuum of a stratigraphic succession using 2D/3D seismic data.
On Catastrophic Materialism
Authors: Passannante Gerard
Published: October 2017

Looking at a variety of cases from the early modern period—from debates around astrology to the essays of Michel de Montaigne to the poetry and prose of John Donne and the philosophical fictions of Margaret Cavendish—this essay explores the encounter with materialist thought as an experience of catastrophe. Against the explicit aims of materialist philosophers like Epicurus to encourage peace of mind, early modern authors discovered in materialism a style of thought that felt at once enticing and alarming, even disastrous. “Catastrophic materialism” helps us understand how a much-maligned philosophy captured the imagination, as well as the critical function it served.
Diogo Bernardes’s Brandura
Authors: Park Simon
Published: October 2017

Readers of Diogo Bernardes’s (ca. 1530–ca. 1595) poetry have long praised the brandura (gentleness) of his work. But what brandura meant and how favorably it was viewed depended on context. Brandura was associated with the middle style, with mastery of elocutio, and, by extension, with poetry’s ability to move those who listened to or read it. Therefore it could at one moment provoke moral anxiety and at another signal the height of poetic accomplishment. In quarrels over the relative merits of the European vernaculars, apologists for the Portuguese language invested in Bernardes’s reputation as brando (gentle), as he was said to demonstrate the brandura of their mother tongue. Yet later in the seventeenth century his fortunes sank. Though he is little esteemed today, his association with the multiple meanings of brando and brandura implicated him in important political, moral, and aesthetic disputes throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By paying renewed attention to style and affect in the context of cultural history, this essay aims to revive interest in Bernardes’s work.
Disreputable by Definition
Authors: Hammad Hanan
Published: October 2017

Court records, police reports, and security statistics indicate that theft was the most frequent crime committed by imprisoned Egyptian women in the interwar period, although scholarship has largely focused on their involvement in prostitution. Theft by women was typically an isolated act motivated by urban conditions of poverty, but many women became skilled repeat offenders who worked individually or in teams, taking advantage of the growing transportation networks that linked villages, towns, and cities. The theft examined includes shoplifting, pickpocketing, burglary, laundry stealing, scams, and stealing from domestic employers. Given their low wages, poor and working-class women had difficulty meeting their material needs in a semicolonial capitalist urban economy even when they worked in legal occupations. In addition, the legal work most available to them, in factories or as domestic servants, violated classed and gendered notions of respectability. Theft offered the possibility of material gain without great loss in status if one were captured, since poor and working-class women who lived in Egypt’s growing cities between the two world wars already had difficulty measuring up to the standards of being mastura, a morally and sexually protected member of society.
Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling in Aqueous Media: Melamine Cyanurate Complex Containing Pd Species
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Goto Hiroki
Published: October 2017

A melamine cyanurate complex catalyst containing Pd(II) ions (denoted Pd/M-CA) was effective for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in environmentally benign aqueous media at room temperature. The reaction conditions, such as the type of Pd species in Pd/M-CA, loading amounts of Pd, solvent, and substrate concentration, were investigated for optimization. In the presence of Pd/M-CA under the optimal conditions, cross-coupling reactions of a wide range of structurally diverse aryl halides and arylboronic acids containing functional groups proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding products in high yields. In addition, the Pd/M-CA could be reused at least 5 times while maintaining high yields. The reduction of Pd(II) ions in Pd/M-CA to Pd(0) by NaBH4 enhanced the catalytic activity to provide a high turnover number (TON) of 17600 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 880 h−1.
Socio-economic regionalization in the age of big data
Authors: Блануца Виктор , Blanutsa Viktor
Published: October 2017

The first-ever research results of possibilities of regionalization methods’ use for processing large volumes of constantly updated empirical geodata are stated. Main types of such data, requirements to methodical tools, vectors of development of methodology, Post-Soviet trends, new kinds of regions, combinations of regionalization meanings and scopes of application for regionalization schemes are given. Algorithms of creation of conceptual model, selection of informative indicators, formation of system of methods, identifications of uniform, nodal and evolutionary regions, an assessment of territorial differentiation quality, verification and interpretation of the received results are presented.
Nonzero-Sum Risk-Sensitive Stochastic Games on a Countable State Space
Authors: Basu Arnab , Ghosh Mrinal K.
Published: October 2017

The infinite horizon risk-sensitive discounted-cost and ergodic-cost nonzero-sum stochastic games for controlled Markov chains with countably many states are analyzed. For the discounted-cost game, we prove the existence of Nash equilibrium strategies in the class of Markov strategies under fairly general conditions. Under an additional weak geometric ergodicity condition and a small cost criterion, the existence of Nash equilibrium strategies in the class of stationary Markov strategies is proved for the ergodic-cost game. The key nontrivial contributions in the ergodic part are to prove the existence of a particular form of a (relative) value function solution to a player’s Bellman equation and the continuity of this solution with respect to the opponent’s strategies.
Integrating a palliative care approach into nursing care homes for older people
Authors: Smith David , Brown Sarah
Published: October 2017

Societies throughout the world are ageing and the proportion of people over 85 years of age is increasingly rapidly. In many countries a significant number of frail older people live in nursing care homes and will develop palliative care needs as they approach the end of their lives. In the United Kingdom around one fifth of those who die each year do so in a care home. Many of these will be cared for by generalist nurses and doctors without specific skills and knowledge in end-of-life care. Following a one-year pilot of the introduction of a nursing home facilitator post to introduce the principles of a palliative care approach into three nursing care homes for older people, the number of residents dying in hospital reduced by 25%.
Continuing Professional Development: Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Rice Alan
Published: October 2017

Overview

This Continuing Professional Development (CPD) module will explore the delivery and theory of chest compressions used in the out of hospital setting. There are a number of self-directed activities to complete as you move through the article together with a list of further resources that are used to reference this article and to expand your research. This article requires the reader to have an appreciation of basic anatomy and physiology and an awareness of the general approach to assessing and managing patients in the out of hospital, emergency setting before completion.
Who cares? Case management and patient navigation in a public health programme
Authors: Schutt Russell K. , Siegfriedt Julianne , Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: October 2017

Public health policy goals of engaging underserved communities and countries more effectively, with a diverse workforce, challenge adherence to a traditional health-care delivery model. Mixed methods were used to compare patient navigators and case managers after reorganising a traditional public health programme in a US state to improve services with patient navigators and holistic care. Findings indicate patient navigators’ value for diversifying the workforce and increasing engagement with diverse patients, but also reveal overlap with case managers in roles and orientations. Conclusions emphasise challenges of patient engagement, needs for flexibility in case manager and patient navigator roles, and the potential for workforce expansion.
Something Rich and Strange (2014): Ron Rash’s short fiction poetics
Authors: Spill Frédérique
Published: October 2017

Regarding the 2014 publication of Something Rich and Strange, an extensive selection of short stories by American writer Ron Rash, as a turning point in his career, this article endeavours to present Rash’s art as a short-story writer and to highlight a few characteristic aspects of his short stories, his favourite genre. Looking into the genesis of the compilation, this article tries to situate Rash’s practice as a short-story writer within the literary traditions that now include him, at the junction of various influences. Drawing from several reviews, interviews and volunteering new textual interpretations, it comments on how genres keep circulating in Rash’s writing and cautiously tries to verbalize and analyse the recurrent components of Rash’s poetics as a short-story writer who is exceptionally concerned with the interactions of time and place and with the ambivalences of man’s motivations.
Towards a poetics of editing for the twenty-first century
Authors: MahmutoviĆ Adnan , Durneen Lucy
Published: October 2017

Robert Gottlieb said that ‘the editor’s relationship to a book should be an invisible one but invisible or not, the implication is nonetheless that it should exist’. This article examines the writer–editor relationship that Gottlieb describes as ‘fraught with difficulty’ (but equally encouraging of what Toni Morrison calls ‘imaginative recklessness’) from the perspective, as Barthes might have it, of both the ‘ones who write’ and also ‘the ones who rewrite’. As editors for the journals Short Fiction and Two Thirds North and published short story writers, ourselves, we reflect on contemporary reading aesthetics as much as creative practice, with specific reference to published stories in draft and final-edit forms in order to work towards piecing together a poetics of editing in relation to short fiction.