bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resgate vegetativo e propagação de cedro-australiano por estaquia
Authors: Pereira Mariane de Oliveira , Wendling Ivar , Nogueira Antonio Carlos , Filho Antonio Nascim Kalil , Navroski Marcio Carlos
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos de resgate vegetativo para a produção de estacas (corte raso, anelamento total e semianelamento) de árvores adultas de cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata var. australis). Avaliou-se o número de brotos produzidos aos 60, 120 e 180 dias, bem como a correlação entre o diâmetro médio do tronco à altura do peito (DAP) e o número de brotos. Com as brotações resultantes de cada método, produziram-se estacas que foram submetidas à retirada e ao corte de folíolos, e então receberam a aplicação de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) (0 e 6.000 mg L-1). Avaliou-se a influência dos fatores método de resgate, tempo de coleta, número de folíolos das estacas e planta matriz, em presença e ausência de AIB, na sobrevivência e no enraizamento das estacas. Não houve correlação entre o DAP das árvores e o número de brotações. O corte raso aos 120 dias proporcionou a maior produção de brotos (15,31). Estacas obtidas do semianelamento apresentaram maior sobrevivência (57,8%) e enraizamento (55,5%). Estacas com dois pares de folíolos inteiros e tratadas com 6.000 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram maior sobrevivência (65,5%) e enraizamento (56,7%). Houve grande variação na sobrevivência e no enraizamento entre plantas matrizes. O resgate vegetativo e a estaquia apresentam potencial para multiplicação clonal de árvores adultas de cedro-australiano.
Metodologia para análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade por meio de regressão quantílica
Authors: Barroso Laís Mayara Azevedo , Nascimento Moysés , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Cruz Cosme Damião , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , Ferreira Reinaldo de Paula
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar uma metodologia de análise da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade fenotípica baseada em regressão quantílica (RQ). Para tanto, foram simulados valores fenotípicos com distribuição simétrica e com distribuição assimétrica à direita e à esquerda, com ou sem a presença de "outliers". A metodologia proposta foi aplicada a um conjunto de dados provenientes de um experimento com 92 genótipos de alfafa (Medicago sativa), avaliados em 20 ambientes, e comparada às metodologias de Eberhart & Russell e de regressão não paramétrica. A metodologia da RQ proporcionou resultados iguais ou superiores aos obtidos com as metodologias alternativas avaliadas. No entanto, a ocorrência de resultados discordantes entre as metodologias evidencia a importância de se avaliar a simetria na distribuição dos valores fenotípicos. Para distribuições simétricas, na presença de "outliers", deve-se utilizar a RQ com valor de quantil estimado (τ) em 0,50; na ausência de "outliers", pode-se utilizar tanto a metodologia de Eberhart & Russell quanto a RQ (τ = 0,50). Para distribuições assimétricas, indica-se o uso da RQ com τ = 0,25, para assimetria à direita, e com τ = 0,75, para assimetria à esquerda, independentemente da presença de "outliers".
Modelos para avaliação genética da produção de leite em múltiplas lactações
Authors: Filho João Cruz Reis , Verneque Rui da Silva , Torres Robledo de Almeida , Ribeiro Virgínia Mara Pereira , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar componentes de covariância e valores genéticos para produção de leite acumulada em até 305 dias, a partir dos dados das três primeiras lactações de vacas Gir. Foram analisados dados de 14.659 lactações, de 9.079 vacas, por meio dos modelos de repetibilidade, multicaracterístico (Mult) e de regressão aleatória com variância residual homogênea (MRAHo) ou heterogênea (MRAHe). A produção de leite foi considerada como característica distinta em cada lactação, no modelo Mult. Polinômios lineares foram utilizados nos modelos de regressão aleatória para ajuste das trajetórias médias e dos efeitos genético aditivo e de ambiente permanente individuais, de acordo com a ordem de parto. As médias a posteriori da herdabilidade foram semelhantes entre os diferentes modelos e lactações, e variaram entre 0,24 e 0,29. Os modelos Mult e MRAHe ajustaram-se melhor aos dados, uma vez que observou-se heterogeneidade de variâncias genéticas e residuais entre lactações. As correlações genéticas da produção acumulada de leite em até 305 dias nas três primeiras lactações foram próximas de 1,0; portanto, a seleção de reprodutores já pode ser feita a partir dos resultados da primeira lactação. Modelos de regressão aleatória com variâncias genéticas e residuais heterogêneas permitem modelar adequadamente as covariâncias das produções de leite acumuladas em múltiplas lactações e obter valores genéticos para seleção de reprodutores com base nos dados já da primeira lactação.
Milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy heifers and cows supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Gonzalez Félix , Muiño Rodrigo , Pereira Víctor , Martinez Diego , Castillo Cristina , Hernández Joaquín , Benedito José Luis
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work was to determine productive and fertility responses of Holstein-Friesian heifers and cows to supplementation with extruded linseed and soybean as sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Supplementation had a positive effect on profitability, with significant increases in milk yield in supplemented cows, but not in heifers. Treatments had no effect on milk fat content, but higher milk protein contents were observed with supplementation. A higher conception rate was found for supplemented heifers, but not for cows. Fat sources containing PUFAs are recommended for dairy cattle supplementation, since they improve fertility in heifers and milk yield in cows.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil aggregates from fields of "murundus" converted to agriculture
Authors: Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone , Ferreira Dorotéia Alves , Souza Edicarlos Damacena de , Paulino Helder Barbosa , Junior Orivaldo José Saggin , Siqueira José Oswaldo
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the spore density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil aggregates from fields of "murundus" (large mounds of soil) in areas converted and not converted to agriculture. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement: five areas and three aggregate classes (macro-, meso-, and microaggregates). The evaluated variables were: spore density and diversity of AMF, total glomalin, total organic carbon (TOC), total extraradical mycelium (TEM), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates. A total of 21 AMF species was identified. Spore density varied from 29 to 606 spores per 50 mL of soil and was higher in microaggregates and in the area with 6 years of conversion to agriculture. Total glomalin was higher between murundus in all studied aggregate classes. The area with 6 years showed lower concentration of TOC in macroaggregates (8.6 g kg-1) and in microaggregates (10.1 g kg-1). TEM was greater at the top of the murundus in all aggregate classes. GMD increased with the conversion time to agriculture. The density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores change with the conversion of fields of murundus into agriculture.
Capacidade de suporte de carga de Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com cana-de-açúcar e efeitos da mecanização no solo
Authors: Filho Oswaldo Julio Vischi , Souza Zigomar Menezes de , Silva Reginaldo Barbosa da , Lima Camila Cassante de , Pereira Danilo de Moraes Gomes , Lima Márcio Emanuel de , Sousa Allan Charlles Mendes de , Souza Gustavo Soares de
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade de suporte de carga (CSC) de Latossolo Vermelho e, por meio de modelos de compressibilidade, relacioná-la às interações rodado-solo em sistema de manejo com um e três ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, com colheita mecanizada. As avaliações da CSC foram realizadas em amostras de solo indeformadas, coletadas na linha de plantio e no canteiro, em quatro camadas: 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20-0,30 e 0,30-0,40 m. Determinou-se a área de contato dos rodados com o solo, para a estimativa da pressão exercida pelas máquinas agrícolas no solo. As pressões de preconsolidação foram usadas para determinar a CSC. O sistema com três ciclos apresentou maior CSC do que o sistema com apenas um ciclo. A capacidade de suporte de carga do solo avaliado na faixa de friabilidade é maior que as pressões de contato aplicadas ao solo pelos rodados das máquinas agrícolas estudadas.
Disponibilidade e mineralização do nitrogênio após aplicações sucessivas de lodo de esgoto no solo, estimadas por meio de incubação anaeróbica
Authors: Pires Adriana Marlene Moreno , Andrade Cristiano Alberto de , Souza Nadiane Aparecida Pereira de , Carmo Janaina Braga do , Coscione Aline Renee , Carvalho Cristina Silva
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de incubação anaeróbica, a mineralização e a disponibilidade de N em solos tratados com aplicações sucessivas de lodo de esgoto, e determinar o efeito residual das aplicações anteriores na taxa de mineralização do nitrogênio (TMN). Dois experimentos de longa duração foram realizados com doses anuais de lodo de esgoto, para o cultivo de milho: um com dose recomendada de lodo, correspondente a 120 kg ha-1 de N, e 2, 4 e 8 vezes essa dose, em área da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em Jaguariúna; e outro com 80 kg ha-1 de N aplicado via adubo mineral, e 1 e 2 vezes a dose recomendada de lodo de esgoto, em área do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas; além de testemunha, sem aplicação de lodo. A disponibilidade de N e a TMN foram estimadas em condições de campo e por incubações anaeróbicas em laboratório. O N total absorvido pelas plantas também foi determinado. O lodo de esgoto é mais efetivo em fornecer nitrogênio ao milho, em longo prazo, do que a adubação mineral. O efeito residual do lodo de esgoto não influencia a TMN do lodo recém-adicionado. O método de incubação anaeróbica é eficiente em estimar a mineralização do N proveniente de lodo de esgoto recém-adicionado.
Diversidade molecular entre populações de Spodoptera frugiperda no Brasil avaliada por marcadores AFLP
Authors: Pinto Carolina Custódio , Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Rosa Ana Paula Schneid Afonso da , Manica-Berto Roberta , Mendes Simone Martins , Arge Luis Willian Pacheco , Borges Carolina Terra
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade molecular, por meio de marcadores AFLP, de seis populações de Spodoptera frugiperda coletadas na cultura do milho, em diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil. O DNA foi extraído de lagartas de quarto instar, e as reações de AFLP foram realizadas com sete combinações de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores. A partir das seis populações de S. frugiperda estudadas, foi identificado um grupo principal formado por três populações geneticamente mais relacionadas. As populações de S. frugiperda analisadas mostram alta variabilidade genética, com máximo de 58% de similaridade.
Relation between uric acid and metabolic syndrome in subjects with cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Silva Hellen Abreu da , Carraro Júlia Cristina Cardoso , Bressan Josefina , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda
Published: May 2015

Objective To identify possible relations between serum uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome and its components in a population with cardiometabolic risk. Methods This cross-sectional study included 80 subjects (46 women), with mean age of 48±16 years, seen at the Cardiovascular Health Program. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome was 6.3% and 47.1%, respectively. Uric acid level was significantly higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (5.1±1.6mg/dL), as compared to those with no syndrome or with pre-syndrome (3.9±1.2 and 4.1±1.3mg/dL, respectively; p<0.05). The uric acid levels were significantly higher in men presenting abdominal obesity, and among women with abdominal obesity, lower HDL-c levels and higher blood pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion Uric acid concentrations were positively related to the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and its components, and there were differences between genders. Our results indicate serum uric acid as a potential biomarker for patients with cardiometabolic risk.
Breast necrosis induced by the use of coumadin: case report and review of literature
Authors: Ejzenberg Dani , Neusquen Lucienne Pereira Del Grossi , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Lozinsky Adriana Chebar , Piato José Roberto Morales
Published: May 2015

The coumadin-induced skin necrosis is rare and occurs more frequently in the breasts, thighs and buttocks. We describe the first case of coumadin necrosis of the breast in Brazil in a 62-year-old patient.
Adaptive Control ofPhalaris arundinaceain Curtis Prairie
Authors: Healy Michael T. , Rojas Isabel M. , Zedler Joy B.
Published: May 2015

Curtis Prairie is an 80-yr-old restored prairie that, despite its diverse vegetation and dense cover, was invaded byPhalaris arundinacea(reed canarygrass) during the 1980s. Our search for a method to eradicatePhalarisinvolved field tests of a grass-specific herbicide (sethoxydim as Vantage®). To reducePhalarisgrowth and favor native vegetation, we used an adaptive approach that began in 2005 by testing sethoxydim application with and without adding a seed mix of 32 native plants. Sethoxydim reduced flowering but not cover ofPhalaris; we therefore reapplied sethoxydim to all the 2005 plots in 2006 and again in 2007. We began a second experiment in 2006 that combined late-May burning followed by late-June sethoxydim application. This combination reducedPhalariscover the most of all treatments. In a third experiment in 2007 we repeated the late-May burn + late-June sethoxydim treatment but did not find a reduction inPhalariscover. We attribute differences in burning + herbicide effects to year effects. Because thePhalariscanopy remained dense even where we applied sethoxydim for 3 yr (first experiment, 2005), we were not surprised that our 2005 seeding of 32 native forbs and graminoids (but not grasses) barely increased native species presence. Six years after seeding, however, we found 12 of the seeded species along with 21 unseeded natives. The adaptive approach of designing new experiments based on prior results led to a promising approach in 2006 (burning before applying sethoxydim to the resproutingPhalaris). Repeating that combination in 2007 indicated a year effect and that no single approach would eradicate this clonal grass.
Briefing: Atterberg limits and peat
Authors: O’Kelly Brendan C.
Published: May 2015

The Atterberg limits are the most common tests specified by practising geotechnical engineers worldwide. These tests, which have physical meaning for fine-grained mineral soils, are regularly specified for peat and other highly organic soils despite fundamental issues regarding their appropriateness for such materials. These issues are explored in this briefing from which it is concluded that Atterberg limit concepts are inappropriate for peat and are unlikely to meaningfully correlate with mechanical (strength) behaviour. In assessing likely engineering behaviour of peat, a more useful suite of index tests is natural water content, organic content, fibre content and degree of humification. For correlations with strength and compressibility parameters, Dutch organic soil practice has found that water content and bulk density are usually sufficient.
Planning for sustainable inner city regeneration in China
Authors: Zhu Longbin , Huang Ying
Published: May 2015

In China, inner city regeneration will be a major challenge in the future. Most cities lack effective planning and management tools for the complicated problems in the inner city. This paper focuses on the planning practice for the inner city regeneration of Baise. This is an area with vibrant micro economic activities in residential buildings with insufficient infrastructure and poor living conditions. Within the framework of a Sino-German cooperation project, the planning team developed a comprehensive regeneration plan for the inner city. The overall concept aims at a sustainable and process-oriented regeneration. The plan emphasises strategies such as integrating the improvement of residents' living conditions with the conservation of the inner city historical image, improving public space and infrastructure, introducing public participation as well as adopting area-specific regeneration solutions. Baise is a case study for a change of the existing urban planning system to a more sustainable inner city regeneration.
Green evaluation systems for project sustainability
Authors: Tam Vivian W. Y. , Le Khoa N. , Zeng Saixing X.
Published: May 2015

There is growing concern about the environmental impacts of construction activities, and green evaluation systems have been advocated as effective tools for reviewing, monitoring and checking project sustainability in the construction industry. This paper focuses on developing a set of criteria for green evaluation systems in measuring project sustainability in construction by proposing an innovative methodology, a power spectrum, for analysing dominant criteria in the system from questionnaire survey results. The results indicate that ‘other measures for reducing waste pollution’, ‘top management support’ and ‘maintenance of equipment’ are the top three criteria for green evaluation systems for improving overall environmental performance, while ‘research and development’, ‘training’ and ‘monitoring water usage’ were the three lowest criteria for improving environmental performance. This paper identifies several major measures for improving project sustainability in the Australian construction industry. Although the industry comprises unique projects, such measures can still help practitioners choose suitable methods for effective improvement in project sustainability. This paper provides a useful background for the development of project sustainability and provides an insight into effective implementation of green evaluation systems in construction activities.
From a Teacher's Notebook
Authors: Mindel Joseph
Published: May 2015

The "uncommon faith" of a teacher,for others to ponder.
Some Educational Attitudes and Poses
Authors: Hook Sidney
Published: May 2015

Drawing on his own experiences, the writer suggests some attitudes underlying intellectuals' unconcern for the schools during the last half century. He regrets particularly a lack of attention to the social and educational potential of John Dewey's work.
Report Analysis: Children and their Primary Schools
Authors: Featherstone Joseph
Published: May 2015

Children and their Primary Schools was published last year under the auspices of the English Central Advisory Council on Education. It was prepared by a distinguished committee chaired by Lady Plowden, and its aim was to present both a survey of the state of primary school education in England and a blueprint for reform. Although the Plowden Report has aroused little discussion in American journals, we feel it has considerable relevance for both classroom practice and educational research in this country. Therefore, we have invited Joseph Featherstone,Associate Editor of The New Republic and author of a celebrated series of articles on "The Primary School Revolution in England," and David Cohen,principal author of the recent report on racial isolation of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, to deal respectively with the pedagogical and research implications of the Plowden Report for American educators.
The Education Bazaar
Authors: Woods Shadrach
Published: May 2015

1. The gap It is not possible to review the future of anything, since it has not yet occurred. It is, however, not only possible, but even essential to view the present with an eye to immediate and continuing change. Change,in all things, is one of the only constants with which we deal,whether we are architects, planners, or educators. Architects generally are extremely receptive to the idea of innovation in school buildings, for instance, and planners are constantly changing their ideas about where or how big schools should be. Similarly, educators continually evolve and refine programs for teaching and learning. There is some tenuous liaison between architects and planners, but it is usually only one-way with the planners briefing the architects through pre-conceived zoning regulations and financing programs. The planners receive very little in return from the architects, because the communication and administration systems are not organized to work that way. In the same way the educators and the administrators of education instruct both planners and architects in an uninflected monologue. In addition, in all three disciplines, Education itself has too long been a preserve of bureaucracy. The consequent atrophying of the educational part of Education is not at all suprising when form, size, cost,location and content have all been left largely to the unimaginative,often incompetent minority which administers for us. The thorny wood of Academe is jealously guarded by the lynxes, lions and she-wolves of bureaucracy. And intellectual speculation—which is not necessarily idle but could be profitable—about what schools, or non-schools, might be is pushed farther and farther into the future,where it perishes.
Policy Implications of the Public and Private School Debates
Authors: Heyns Barbara
Published: May 2015

We are indebted once again to James Coleman for enlivening educational policy debates with the publication of this controversial and widely discussed study. Public and Private Schools (PPS), coauthored with Thomas Hoffer and Sally Kilgore, is controversial,timely, challenges the conventional wisdom, and adopts a critical—some would say hostile—stance toward public education. Although I disagree with many of their arguments,the authors should be congratulated for providing so much grist for our analytic mills.
Education as Transformation: Commentary and Replies
Authors: Griswold Wendy
Published: May 2015

The February 1981 special issue of the Harvard Educational Review, "Education as Transformation: Identity, Change, and Development, " was "dedicated to those engaged in the struggle for freedom—whether it is waged against political or economic subjugation, illiteracy, racism, or sexual and cultural chauvinism. " Its intent was to focus on the role of education in that struggle. The editors of HER are pleased to present critiques by Wendy Griswold and Jonathan Kozol of "Education as Transformation, "and replies from several of the authors who contributed to that issue.
The Federal Role in Education
Authors: Bell T.
Published: May 2015

I appreciate the invitation of the Harvard Educational Review to come here to discuss the evolving federal role in education and relate it to our New Federalism theme. Since this is a Sunday afternoon I would like to begin by talking a little bit about Moses. As you know, Moses was summoned to the top of Mount Sinai, and there the Lord appeared to him in the form of a fiery cloud. And to the accompaniment of thunder and lightning,God presented him with the Ten Commandments. I want to be a little bit like that this afternoon.
Editors' Reviews
Authors: Szulc Paula
Published: May 2015

Gay and Lesbian Youth Making History in MassachusettsBy the Massachusetts Governor's Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth. 1994. 30 minutes. Free (donation requested). (617) 727-3600 ext. 312.

Sexual Orientation: Issues Facing Gay and Lesbian YouthBy Wisconsin Public Television's Cooperative Educational Service Agency. 1992. 60 minutes. 195.00 (purchase); 50.00 (rental). (800) 633-7445.

Hate, Homophobia, and SchoolsBy Wisconsin Public Television's Cooperative Educational Service Agency. 1995. 60 minutes. 195.00 (purchase; includes teacher's guide); 50.00 (rental). (800) 633-7445.
Voices Inside Schools - On Becoming a Teacher of Teachers
Authors: Bell Robert
Published: May 2015

In this article, Robert H. Bell, a professor of English at Williams College for over twenty-five years, reflects on his experiences as both a teacher of undergraduates and a mentor to his junior colleagues. Using a historical lens, he traces the decline of pedagogical training in higher education over the course of his own career, and notes the absence of mentoring programs that would encourage senior academics to assist their younger peers in the classroom. Having been asked in 1994 to develop such a program in order to provide guidance and support to newly hired — and often untested — faculty members, Bell describes and deliberates about the obstacles and issues raised by both its creation and its implementation.
Youth Radio and the Pedagogy of Collegiality
Authors: CHÁVEZ VIVIAN , SOEP ELISABETH
Published: May 2015

In this article, Vivian Chavez and Elisabeth Soep explore the collaboration among youth and adult participants at Youth Radio, a broadcast-training program in the San Francisco Bay Area. At Youth Radio, participants transcend the conventional relationship between adult "teachers" and youth "learners" to coproduce media products. Chavez and Soep introduce the concept of "pedagogy of collegiality" to describe this process. Using two case studies, they demonstrate the four features of this pedagogy: joint framing, youth-led inquiry, mediated intervention, and distributed accountability. Chavez and Soep articulate a framework that recognizes the asymmetrical relationships among adults and disenfranchised youth while presenting a nuanced alternative. Their work contributes to the growing literature illuminating the role of youth media as a tool for expanding democratic participation.
Will NCLB Improve or Harm Public Education?
Authors: BORKOWSKI JOHN , SNEED MAREE
Published: May 2015

Drawing on their legal expertise and their experience working with public school districts, John W. Borkowski and Maree Sneed discuss the controversies surrounding the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). They acknowledge that its principal benefits lie in its recognition of the right of each child to learn and be assessed by high academic standards, as well as in the act's requirement that test results be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, and English language learner status. However, they critique the act's imposition of untested, federally mandated remedies driven by ideology rather than by scientific, educational research. These unproven, federally mandated remedies, along with inconsistencies in state and local implementation, are potentially more harmful than helpful. Finally, the authors examine the federal funding needed to implement additional tests, accountability measures, and the proven reforms necessary to improve educational outcomes. They argue that adequate funding has not been provided for these purposes, and that federal funds allotted for NCLB implementation should reflect the increases in resources necessary to improve public education and should be used for appropriate remedial measures designed and implemented at the state and local level. Borkowski and Sneed remain hopeful that with appropriate and consistent assessments, locally driven educational improvement measures, and adequate federal funding, NCLB can fulfill its promise to ensure educational equity for all students in American public schools.
The Aspects of the Development of Children Speech in their Constructive Activity
Authors: Aizporaite Ineta
Published: May 2015

One of the most important task of the pre – school pedagogical process is to promote the development of the chidren thinking and imagination. One of the method is the constructive activity whick aim is to develop the children abstractive thinking and imagination. Constructive activity concerns several children processes of cognition, it promotes the perceptivities, thinking, imagination, understanding of the environment, it makes the child to think of the colours, shapes and connections of the items. Construction promotes the development of the speech, it introduces children with mathematical conceptions and the base of geometry. Wider conceptions and understanding about the construction activities form on the base of practical experience, in the concrete in direct contact with construction materials. Performing researches, analysing the literature we can make conclusions about the significance of the intellectual and mental age, psychogical factors and environment in constructive activity.
Oldest Preschool Age Child's Achievement Assessment in Obtaining Basic Education
Authors: Ābele Agita , Tauriņa Agrita
Published: May 2015

New government regulations effective with 01.09.2011 require that preschool teachers produce written reports to children's parents or guardians assessing their children upon graduation. So far preschool teachers had had little experience with similar written forms of assessment, and this creates questions regarding the assessment design and implementation. This work's aim was to theoretically evaluate the problems of preschool children's achievement assessment and analyze results of pedagogues' inquiry on potential ways of solving them. This article explores some of the more pressing questions, as well as the consequences of poor assessment design such as conflict with parents, mislabeling of children, affecting children's motivations, effect on teacher's and institution's reputation, additional workload, and resource consumption. Authors look at experience accumulated in other countries while tackling these issues and suggest using a dual evaluation model.
The Development of Youth’s Artistic Communication Under the Influence of the Development of Science and Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Bute Daina
Published: May 2015

Due to the development of the ICT a new type of student is created. These students are no more passive users of the system of eduaction, they are creating it themselves. Under the influence of the ICT, students use signs, icons and symbols in their everyday communication. The aim or the research - The influence and significance of the information and communication technologies on the development of youth’s artistic communication and creation of new signs. It has been observed that visual perception dominates for majority of people. This is also the reason why visual images and symbols have served as means of communication in the history of human development. Nowadays, numbers, letters and their combinations that contain special meaning and iconic signs are often used in students’ everyday communication. The ICT have brought some changes in students’ perception of the world. The experiment, made in the Art lesson by questioning the first graders, showed that existing ideas about the styles of art that children like at this age are in the contraversion with reality.
Systemic Approach to the Development of Independent English Study Skills in Upper-Secondary School
Authors: Deimante-Hartmane Dagnija
Published: May 2015

The article focuses on the issue of the development of students’independent study skills within the school environment linking the study process with activities carried out after classes. Systemic approach to studies implemented both by teachers and students ensures logical and natural connection with students’ study activities after school. Systemic approach to studies creates school environment that promotes willingness to succeed and school environment that supports learning leads to systemic approach to studies after classes. Research shows that both students and teachers understand the importance of the development of independent study skills.
Development of Nature Studies and Technologies Competence in the Context-oriented Process of Learning Physics
Authors: Dzerviniks Jānis
Published: May 2015

As Latvia is in the single European economic space, more and more attention is paid to the development of nature studies and technologies Exactly nature studies teach pupils to observe nature and natural phenomena objectively, analyse and understand them, make conclusions and foresee results. Nature studies provide students everything what is needed to form and deepen their understanding of the surrounding world. It would facilitate pupils’ thirst for knowledge and a critical view, and reflect the link between an individual and nature. Qualitative learning process of nature studies at school enables pupils gain general basic knowledge and basic skills in the field of science, develop the competence of nature studies and technologies facilitating the process of pupils becoming technologically aware members of society and encouraging them for further movement deeper into the field of science and technologies. In order to arouse interest in nature studies and facilitate acquisition of knowledge with understanding there shall be used pedagogical approaches enabling transition from memorizing scientific facts to construction of knowledge in the ways understandable and meaningful to pupils. One of the opportunities is involving pupils in the learning process in the research of problems in natural sciences in the real life context. It means that the development of the competence of nature studies and technologies shall be facilitated in the context-oriented learning process. In Latvia in the field of nature studies didactics there are not sufficiently explored the issues about the understanding of the notion of context and implementation of context-based learning in physics. Thus, in the research reflected in the article there is analysed scientific literature on the theme mentioned above, the analytical judgments are based on the prior empirical researches as well as using the author’s personal pedagogical experience.
Pre-school Children Investigatory Activities in the Environment Created by Adults
Authors: Grava Jana
Published: May 2015

In order to create one’s own model of world cognition, a child acquires information from the environment created around him/her, which ensures the development of child’s explorative activity by arousing interest and curiosity, that later, in its turn, create the basis for learning motivation. Child’s explorative activity is a means to cognize the world that has been essentially influenced by the environment created by adults. The problem arises, if adults do not understand child’s activities that develop understanding about the world around. As a result, unreasonable criticism and evaluation from the adult’s point of view can be observed. Thus, it is important to clarify how the environment created by adults influence explorative activity of a child and what are the facilitating and delaying factors. The article reveals the theoretical findings based on pedagogical and psychological research (M.Osorin, H.Gudjon, R.Hart, I.Malkin-Pih, N.Podiakov, T.Amabile, D.Liegeniece) on explorative activity of preschool age children, as well as the pedagogical observation of the author.
Thematic Approach of Mathematics Textbooks in the Primary School
Authors: Helmane Ineta
Published: May 2015

The article describes and analyzes theoretical materials, textbooks about the aspects of the thematic choice in the acquisition of mathematics content using the thematic approach in primary school. Teaching mathematics thematically emphasises the use of applications of mathematics around a central theme whereas teaching in topics predominantly emphasises mathematical content. Mathematics content in the framework of the thematic approach is associated with the development of skills in practical activities the so called ‘hands on’ as well as the correlation of the acquired knowledge based on the theme or a concept; also, skills that can be applied in lifetime actions as well as the development of a personal sound attitude, values and goals. In the thematic approach mathematics content involve objects, information, topics and themes. The topicality should be linked with happenings in their personal lives as well as the latest developments in community life, socio-economic processes or a scientific context as well.
THE EVALUATION OF DIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS OF LATVIAN RURAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Katane Irēna , Laizāne Anna
Published: May 2015

Under conditions of changes and instability in any state rural schools are faced to look for different directions of development in order to manage in the rural areas. Thus the inner structure of rural schools becomes complex and causes formation of new educational environmental models of Latvian rural schools. The aims of the article: 1) to give substantiation of the concept model; 2) to give classification of educational environmental models of rural schools; 3) to emphasize the advantages of cross-school mentoring seminars; 4) to define the most suitable and least suitable environmental model of Latvian rural schools for sustainability in the future perspective on grounds of the results of five cross-school mentoring seminars that were held in 2011.
The Use of Kinesthetic Perception in Music Education at Primary School
Authors: Kepule Iveta
Published: May 2015

The article looks at the opportunities to use kinesthetic perception in music teaching taking as a basis H.Gardner’s theory of intellectual abilities and in connection with methodological approaches of E.J.Dalcroze, Z.Kodaly, C.Orff to music teaching. The variants of music language, music perception and creative activity which are offered in the article facilitate a simpler and more dynamic mastery of the taught music content, which in its turn creates positive conditions for students’ self-realization in music teaching. The compulsory content of music education is examined in connection with the „Regulations on the state standard of basic education and standards in subjects” in music.
Dynamics of Changes in Preschool Teacher Preparation Programs (1950-2010)
Authors: Kucina Aina
Published: May 2015

Each period is characterized by its specific features which are the base for forming learning values, educational process principles for higher education, educational aims for future teachers. The development of pedagogy subject as an academic discipline is a prime example of political and social developments of society impact.
The preparation of professional pre-school teacher and the implementation of the curriculum are topical problems in previous and current Latvian socio-economic and educational context. Changes in preschool teacher preparation program design and implementation are given an opportunity to compare, try and select the most valuable to fit the today’s child's personality development.
SCENARIOS OF LATVIAN RURAL SCHOOLS IN THE FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Laizāne Anna
Published: May 2015

In the frameworks of the research on Latvian rural schools’ educational environment there was carried out the forming experiment – cross-school mentoring in the organization form of five seminars that gathered 111 experts who represented educational sphere of two Latvian regions – Zemgale and Latgale. The aims of the article are 1) to give substantiation of the concept vision; 2) to describe the results of the cross-school mentoring seminars in the connection with: a) predictions of the future scenarios of sustainable development of rural schools and comparison of the results of future scenarios of 2004 with future scenarios of 2011 of sustainable development of rural schools and b) the influencing indicators of prestige and success of rural schools. The predictions of the future of scenarios of sustainable development reveal that there is an optimistic, pessimistic and realistic development and there are influencing factors of prestige of rural schools that are divided into two main groups: 1) representing factors of contexts (components) of school environment; 2) indicators of specificity of educational environment as prestige influencing factors.
Monetary Relationships among Secondary School Students in Minority Schools
Authors: Mihailova Sandra
Published: May 2015

The issue becomes especially important for young people, especially secondary school students, their attitudes toward money, to make predictions about people's socio-economic behavior in the future. The current high school students after several years will be active players of many socio-economic processes, therefore research of their current attitudes towards money - may be particularly interesting, instructive, and enable adjustments to eliminate the potential problems of the monetary behavior in the future. Such studies can give students the necessary knowledge of the behavior of money that will be contribution to the practice of psychological counseling. Currently, the monetary aspect of the relationship of psychological research in both empirical and theoretical perspective is global, but hardly done in Latvia. Therefore, this pilot study is an attempt to develop an insight into this topic in Latvia. The paper examines the secondary monetary relationship in minority school in Riga (in Latviaa), and the results are compared with similar research data in Russia.
The Integration of Young Third-country Nationals into Educational Setting of Latvia
Authors: Pičukāne Ērika
Published: May 2015

The integration of children of Third-country nationals into the society and labour market is one of the hot issues in Latvian education, therefore it is important to summarize and spread the professional experience of teachers working with these children.
The education is the main tool to turn them into creative and successful members of Latvian society. In other words, migration can be useful to both migrants and the host country.
There is an extremely high demand for specialists capable of working with migrants' children of different ethnicities, mother tongues, cultural backgrounds as well as knowledge levels that may be challenging because of a mismatch of education standards in Latvia and their home countries.
Facilitation of Pre-schooler’s Purposefulness in Art Activities
Authors: Priede Ligita , Vigule Dagnija
Published: May 2015

Creative, responsible, independent personality, which is showing respect and tolerant to others is a value not only in education but also in democratic society. Will is one of the most important characteristics of personality. Development of child’s will in pre-school age is based not only to its direct formation, but it is more like issue of child’s general development. Art activities facilitate development of will qualities in case, if child’s activity is motivated and caused by positive emotions. Motivation is one of the most relevant conditions in will development – setting up purpose, decision making, and successful achievement of purpose emerge from that. They provide in art activities child’s natural desire to act and also learning of definite knowledge and skills are facilitated. They develop child’s independence, performance and purposefulness. The aim of study – to turn attention to theoretical and empirical aspects which are important in facilitation of pre-schooler’s purposefulness in art activities.
The Teacher`s Authority in the Students and Teachers Comprehension
Authors: Smilga Sandra
Published: May 2015

Changes in education alter the relations between teachers and students – accents of values are changing. When putting student in the centre it is important not to neglect teacher’s personality which is a necessity for the growth and education of young people. Nowadays the influence of the authority is disappearing in many areas. But a teacher cannot carry out his/her professional duties without authority. The goal of the research is to determine the student’s and teacher’s understanding of the teacher’s authority. Does teacher have to be an authority for his/her students? How teacher’s authority should manifest itself? Results of processing and analysis of data from many surveys are shown in the research. The findings of the study show that students and teachers consider that the authority is the essential for teacher’s professional activity.
Kinds of Improvisation Activity in Music Secondary Schools
Authors: Ustinskovs Jevgeņijs
Published: May 2015

Pedagogical experience and findings of different scholars testify to the fact that mastering improvisation can be based on essentially different didactic approaches. Therefore, at developing the didactic model of mastering improvisation in music secondary school, a necessity arises to study kinds of improvisation activity and define the more important kinds of improvisation activities for mastering improvisation in music secondary schools. The research method: analysis of literature, analysis of the author’s pedagogical experience.
We consider that for mastering improvisation at music school, it is essential to use such kinds of improvisation activities as: rhythmic and rhythmic-melodic improvisation; imagery improvisation; total and partial improvisation; continuous and episodic improvisation; solo and collective improvisation; musical improvisation on various instruments; improvisation in other arts; technology-based improvisation activities.
Problem of National School in Conceptions of Latvian Teacher’s Professional Organizations (LSS and LNSS), 20th of 20th Century
Authors: Vugule Ērika
Published: May 2015

The study outlines the problems of the “national school” concept formation in content of the “old school” (to 1918) conditions, and discusses how its understanding significant changes after the founding of the Latvian Republic, how this concept revealing in the new options of democracy and national self-determination. The study is looking for a meaning that included in the LSS concept of “national education” and LNSS concept of “education on the national - cultural grounds”. In Latvia from the 1918th to the 1934th the concept of "National school" in activities of lead teacher’s professional organizations (LSS and LNSS) are not developed in a holistic approach. Idea of “National school” in this time is active, it formed in a new discourse of integrated democratic nation – try to include all national minorities.
SOCIAL INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: May 2015

Traditionally, engineering students are provided with new knowledge by educatorstudent interaction based on educator’s academic (social) knowledge or student-student interaction based on their practical (individual) knowledge. That is why engineering students lack the inter-connection between the academic and practical knowledge. However, engineering education should lead to the transformation of students’ knowledge from external (social) to internal (individual) perspective. Social innovation that has become the dominant response to challenges in all the domains of modern life includes peer-learning as the subphase to create socially shared knowledge in the transformation of students’ knowledge from external to internal perspective and Enterprise 3.0 as a component of social media integrated into the teaching and learning process. This allows the novel transformation of students’ knowledge from external to internal perspective, as introduced in this contribution, that proceeds from teaching through peer-learning to learning to be integrated in the environments of engineering education.
SUPPORT OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION FOR THE NEW TEACHERS
Authors: Baltusite Regina
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the problem of the support of a higher education institution for the new teachers. The professional development is a complex and time-consuming processof a personality’s self-perfection, self-development and self-training. The process of professional development begins with the obtaining of a diploma. The success in the professional activities and the progress in making a career depend on a person him/herself in various aspects. However, irrespective of the fact that a beginning teacher has the experience of practice, when starting professional activities in the respective working environment, he/she faces situations that demand immediate solution of a problem, but there is not always a person beside a beginning teacher, who could provide support regarding dealing with a particular situation and making a decision. The support, provided by a higher education institution, when a new teacher starts working, is very important. A beginning teacher can use the contacts established at the higher education institution and apply to the university lecturers for assistance.