bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English learners’ errors and the attitude to them of students and teachers
Authors: Borshcheva V. , Efland E.
Published: March 2020

Errors and mistakes are a natural part of the process of learning a language, but the attitudes to them by students and teachers differ. The article is based on the results of the survey devoted to this issue. The value of the research is the contribution of a native English speaker that provides a different angle on the nature of errors and mistakes. The authors point out the importance of the psychological component and the creation of the cooperation learning environment for the effective learning process.
Problems and prospects of training modern counselors
Authors: Vladimirova T. , Leskonog N. , Ognev A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of empirical research using modern IT trackers as effective means of instrumental diagnostics of subconscious attitudes of representatives of two groups of professions – future teachers who are preparing to work in summer camps and active flight attendants of civil aviation aircraft. It is shown that respondents from the counselors group clearly lose to responders from the flight attendants group in terms of their psychological readiness for independent activity in conditions of increased uncertainty, which are more characteristic of paternalistic moods and dependence on external authorities. The authors suggest certain ways to improve the training program for future counselors by borrowing acceptable principles and methods of working with staff that have been developed over the past twenty-five years based on the analysis of actual data. It has been suggested and substantiated that a significant increase in the readiness of counselors for their work can be achieved through the purposeful formation and development of competencies in the context of professional pedagogical activity, such as effective information exchange, leadership and teamwork, overcoming problems and making decisions in conditions of uncertainty, personal self-control and personal self-organization.
Key notions of the federal project “Teacher of the future”: Comprehension of the meaning
Authors: Veidt V.
Published: March 2020

Problems-challenges in the actual system of Education in Russia are analyzed. The link with the aims of national project “Education” is shown. The author presents the list of professional competences for teachers with the help of the method of the analysis of concepts and terminology. This list is necessary for the realization of some directions of the national project “Education”. Moreover, the author has presented a model of realization of the federal project “Teacher of the future” through the formation of new professional competences for teachers. In addition the concepts and terminology expertise of the language of the regulatory document was made where five pair notions were related: school teacher – educator (teaching staff); professional mastery – professional competences; national system of teaching development – professional development; lifelong learning – self-studying; independent assessment of professional qualifications – attestation.
Distance learning as an innovative model of teaching mathematics in higher education
Authors: Goncharova Z.
Published: March 2020

In the XXI century distance learning has become one of the most popular educational formats in higher education. The main driver of distance learning is the new needs of the labor market, requiring employees who are ready to adapt to changing conditions of the market and are included in the process of continuous self-improvement. Until now, the major part of the achievements of distance learning lay in the field of the humanities or special technical disciplines and was almost not integrated into the teaching of Mathematics in universities. We have developed and implemented a model of distance learning, adapted to the existing conditions for the teaching of mathematical disciplines in universities. The model, which was empirically tested during experiments conducted in the period from 2004 to 2018 at Southwestern State University and the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, demonstrated its effectiveness.
The Way They Were: “Conn Girls” and American Culture in 1959
Authors: Grayson J. Paul
Published: March 2020

In the 1950s, American women in general, and female college students in particular, confronted different sets of cultural assumptions, or ideologies, relevant to their aspirations and behaviour. Perhaps the best-known of these was an ideology in which it was assumed that female college students were not interested in their studies and were primarily concerned with nding a husband. An examination of the cohort that entered the Connecticut College for Women in 1959 reveals that some students were indeed concerned with marriage; however, a large minority did not know what they wanted. In addition, many students were keenly interested in their studies, wanted to do well, and aspired to careers. These ndings indicate that rather than forming a homogeneous group, the students at Connecticut College did not t a common 1950s stereotype of female students in American colleges. RÉSUMÉ Dans les années 1950, les femmes américaines et les collégiennes, en particulier, furent confrontées à différentes manières de penser ou idéologies ayant trait à leurs aspirations et à leur conduite. Parmi les plus courantes, un préjugé voulait que les collégiennes n’étaient pas inté- ressées par leurs études, mais plutôt par la recherche d’un mari. Une analyse de la cohorte qui entra au Connecticut College for Women en 1959 révèle que certaines étudiantes étaient, en effet, préoccupées par le mariage ; cependant, une minorité importante ne savait pas ce qu’elle voulait. En outre, plusieurs étudiantes furent vraiment intéressées par leurs études, voulaient réussir et aspiraient à une carrière. Ces résultats indiquent que plutôt que de former un groupe homogène, les élèves du Connecticut College ne répondaient pas au stéréotype des années 1950 concernant les collégiennes américaines.
La formation à l’enseignement dans une communauté enseignante. Les Frères des écoles chrétiennes du Québec 1837–1980
Authors: Aubin Paul
Published: March 2020

RÉSUMÉ Fondée en France à la n du 17e siècle pour l’instruction des garçons des classes laborieuses vivant en milieu urbain, la communauté des Frères des écoles s’implante au Québec à l’automne 1837 avec l’ouverture d’une première école. Héritière d’une longue tradition pédagogique, elle implante ici l’usage de l’enseignement simultané auquel elle joint quelques pratiques de l’enseignement mutuel déjà pratiqué au Québec. Pour contrer l’absence de toute école normale, elle commence par former ses propres recrues pour ensuite offrir le même service aux professeurs laïcs de même qu’à des communautés de sœurs enseignantes sans tradition dans l’enseignement. À partir du début de la décennie 1920, la communauté adopte les programmes des écoles normales gérées par le Département de l’instruction permettant ainsi aux religieux de se munir des mêmes diplômes d’enseignement que les instituteurs laïcs. En n, les frères se perfectionnent dans les rares structures universitaires dispensant des cours de pédagogie avant de fonder leur propre institut universitaire, l’Institut pédagogique Saint-Georges. Cette étude aborde, dans un premier temps, les structures dans lesquelles s’est enseignée la pédagogie chez les frères des écoles chrétiennes du Québec. La description du cadre dans lequel elle s’est enseignée devrait servir de préliminaire à une analyse du discours sur la pédagogie tel qu’exprimé dans les écrits de la communauté. ABSTRACT Founded in France at the end of the seventeenth century for the education of boys from the urban working-class, the Brothers of the Christian Schools—les frères des écoles chrétiennes—opened their rst school in Québec in the autumn of 1837. Drawing on a long teaching tradition, the order was responsible for introducing the use of simultaneous instruction, which they blended with certain techniques of mutual instruction already being employed in Québec. To make up for the absence of a normal school, the Brothers trained their own instructors; they would later offer the same service to lay educators and those orders of teaching sisters without a tradition of teacher instruction. Beginning in the early 1920s, the order adopted the curriculum used in the normal schools run by the Department of Education, thereby permitting religious educators to obtain the same teaching diplomas as lay instructors. Finally, after studying at the few university institutions that offered courses in pedagogy, the Brothers founded their own, l’Institut pédagogique Saint-Georges. This study examines, first of all, the structures within which the Brothers of the Christian Schools taught educational methods. A description of this organizational framework should serve as an introduction to the discourse on pedagogy as expressed in the writings of the community.
“Teachers Amongst their own People”: Kanyen'kehá:ka (Mohawk) Women Teachers in Nineteenth-Century Tyendinaga and Grand River, Ontario
Authors: Norman Alison
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT In the mid-nineteenth century, the New England Company (NEC), an Anglican missionary society, focused many of its efforts on hiring Indigenous teachers for its schools at Grand River and Tyendinaga, two Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) communities in southern Ontario. The NEC believed that it was useful to hire Indigenous teachers due to their ability to speak to the students in one of the local Indigenous languages as well as in English. Many Haudenosaunee leaders and families also believed that a Western education would benefit their children and therefore supported the construction of churches and schools. Kanyen'kehá:ka (Mohawk) women born into this cultural environment worked to build careers for themselves as on-reserve educators. Some struggled to secure meaningful employment due to their gender, while others found work but faced numerous challenges in performing their jobs. This paper reveals that Kanyen'kehá:ka women persisted as teachers despite gender and material barriers, creating models for participation in colonial education for Haudenosaunee youth in the nineteenth century. RÉSUMÉ Au milieu du XIXe siècle, la New England Company (NEC), une société missionnaire anglicane, a consacré beaucoup d’efforts afin d’embaucher des enseignants autochtones pour ses écoles de Grand River et de Tyendinaga, deux communautés Haudenosaunee du sud de l’Ontario. La NEC croyait qu’il était utile d’embaucher des enseignants autochtones en raison de leur capacité à parler aux élèves dans l’une des langues autochtones locales, aussi bien qu’en anglais. Plusieurs dirigeants et familles Haudenosaunee soutenaient également la construction d’églises et d’écoles, parce qu’ils croyaient qu’une éducation occidentale profiterait à leurs enfants. Les femmes Kanyen'kehá:ka (Mohawk) nées dans cet environnement culturel ont travaillé à se bâtir des carrières comme éducatrices sur les réserves. À cause de leur genre, certaines ont dû lutter afin d’obtenir un travail significatif, alors que d’autres ayant trouvé un emploi ont dû a ronter de nombreux dé s dans l’accomplissement de leur travail. Cet article révèle que malgré les difficultés matérielles et la barrière du genre, les femmes Kanyen'kehá:ka ont persistées dans le domaine de l’enseignement, créant ainsi des modèles de participation à l’éducation coloniale pour la jeunesse Haudenosaunee au XIXe siècle.
James Bartlett Edmonson and the Mid-Twentieth-Century Crusade against For-Profit Colleges: An Episode of Ignorance-Making in the United States
Authors: Angulo A.J.
Published: March 2020

The nineteen-fifties—a decade of civil rights litigation, Cold War intrigue, and red scare McCarthyism—was also a period racked with controversies over for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) in the United States. This paper explores the work of James Bartlett Edmonson and his circle of mid-twentieth-century FPCU critics. Edmonson, a School of Education dean at the University of Michigan during the nineteen-fifties, became one of the most prominent voices against what he described as “shysters” and “sheepskinners” in proprietary higher education. His work exposing FPCU fraud, corruption, and predatory schemes at the national level won him allies at the National Education Association and the Federal Trade Commission. It also created powerful enemies among independent college associations, home study groups, and religiously affiliated institutions. This paper contributes to the literature by engaging with an underdeveloped episode in higher education history and by locating this case study within the emerging field of ignorance studies. Sources for this study were drawn from the James B. Edmonson Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; Research Division Collection, National Education Association, Gelman Library, George Washington University; and published primary source documents in state and national periodicals. RésuméLes années 1950 – une décennie de litiges en matière de droits civils, d’intrigue de la Guerre froide, et de « peur rouge » maccarthyste – ont aussi été une période marquée par les controverses sur les collèges et les universités à but lucratif (FPCU) aux États-Unis. Cet article explore le travail de James Bartlett Edmonson et son cercle de critiques des FPCU au milieu du 20e siècle. Doyen de l’École d’éducation de l’Université du Michigan dans les années 1950, Edmonson est devenu l’une des voix les plus importantes contre ce qu’il qualifiait de « shysters » et de « sheepskinners » dans l’éducation supérieure à but lucratif. Son travail révélant la fraude, la corruption et les procédés prédateurs des FPCU au niveau fédéral lui a permis de trouver des alliés au sein de la National Education Association et de la Federal Trade Commission. Il s’est également fait des ennemis puissants parmi les associations de collèges indépendants, les groupes d’éducation à domicile, et les établissements d’affiliation religieuse. Cet article contribue à la littérature en abordant un épisode méconnu de l’histoire de l’éducation supérieure et en situant cette étude de cas dans le champ émergeant des études de l’ignorance. Les sources de cette étude sont tirées des James B. Edmonson Papers de la Bentley Historical Library à l’Université du Michigan; de la Research Division Collection, National Education Association, de la Gelman Library à l’Université George Washington; de même que de sources primaires publiées dans des périodiques nationaux ou d’États fédérés.
Gaining Nationhood: A Comparative Analysis of Images Found in Ontario and Quebec History Textbooks, 1920 to 1948
Authors: Duquette Catherine , Fine-Meyer Rose
Published: March 2020

The centenary of the beginning of the First World War has seen renewed global attention to the war. A proliferation of scholarly works, commemorative public events, documentaries, and museum exhibits dedicated to the war ensured that the participating nations reaffirmed messages of service and sacrifice. The global response provides some insight into how nations crafted the memory of the war and the links made between remembrance and national identity. The Canadian War Museum, along with various state commemorations, encased the events of the war within narratives of heroism and sacrifice, most recently with the celebratory focus on the Battle of Vimy Ridge. This renewed interest in the war inspired this study, which explores how the war was portrayed in Ontario and Quebec history textbooks in the immediate post-war decades. This project argues that an analysis of both the textual narratives and the visual culture portrayed in history textbooks helps us better understand messages of nationhood in Canada. Through an examination of history textbooks that were approved in Ontario and Quebec between 1920 and 1948, we seek to uncover what the Ontario Department of Education, the Catholic church, and publishers felt were important for students in schools to remember about Canada’s participation in the war.RésuméLe centenaire du début de la Première Guerre mondiale a contribué à renouveler l’intérêt du public pour la Grande Guerre. On observe alors une prolifération des ouvrages académiques, des événements commémoratifs publics, des documentaires et des expositions muséales qui y sont dédiés et dont le but est de réaffirmer le message de service et de sacrifice des États qui y ont pris part. Ces ouvrages et événements donnent un aperçu de comment les nations construisent leur mémoire de la guerre ainsi que des liens tissés entre le devoir de mémoire et l’identité nationale. Le Musée canadien de la guerre, ainsi que plusieurs commémorations gouvernementales, synthétisent les événements de la Grande Guerre dans un récit d’héroïsme et de sacrifice. Un exemple récent de cela est l’intérêt porté à la bataille de la crête de Vimy. Cet intérêt renouvelé envers la Grande Guerre a inspiré cette étude qui explore comment celle-ci a été représentée dans les manuels scolaires de l’Ontario et du Québec dans les décennies suivants la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale.  Ce projet propose qu’une analyse des manuels centrés sur les récits textuels et de la culture visuelle aide à mieux comprendre les messages associés à la construction de la nation canadienne. À partir d’un examen des manuels scolaires approuvés pour l’Ontario et ceux disponibles pour le Québec entre les années 1920 et 1948, nous cherchons à découvrir ce que le Département de l’Éducation de l’Ontario, l’Église Catholique et les maisons d’éditions considéraient comme étant importants à ce souvenir à propos de la participation du Canada à la Première Guerre mondiale.
Summing Formulas for Generalized Tribonacci Numbers
Authors: SOYKAN Yüksel
Published: March 2020

In this paper, closed forms of the summation formulas for generalized Tribonacci numbers are presented. Then, some previous results are recovered as particular cases of the present results. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Tribonacci, Tribonacci-Lucas, Padovan, Perrin, Narayana and some other third order linear recurrance sequences. All the summing formulas of well known recurrence sequences which we deal with are linear except the cases Pell-Padovan and Padovan-Perrin.
AVALIAÇÃO DE CONCHAS DO MEXILHÃO Perna perna VISANDO AO APROVEITAMENTO NO DESIGN E ARTESANATO
Authors: Brotto Daniel Shimada , Ramos Lucília Tristão
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho visou avaliar conchas do mexilhão Perna perna, cultivadas e não cultivadas, para uso em design e artesanato. As amostras vieram de descartes em locais específicos em Niterói, no Rio de Janeiro. Registrou-se a superioridade das conchas cultivadas quanto à simetria, qualidade do nácar e padronização no formato e tamanho. O uso desse resíduo oferece uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento comunitário, além de ser uma alternativa de mitigação válida para reduzir o impacto do descarte de conchas na natureza.Palavras-chave: resíduos sólidos, madrepérola, sustentabilidade.
EFFECT OF DREDGING ON HG DISTRIBUTION IN WATER AND SEDIMENTS IN THE MUCURIPE HARBOR, FORTALEZA, NE BRAZIL
Authors: De Lacerda Luiz Drude , Belmino Ingra Kellen Belmino , Moreira Lucas Buruaem , Marins Rozane Valente
Published: March 2020

Dredging and tailings disposal can mobilize mercury (Hg) accumulated in bottom sediments, increasing the exposure of the aquatic biota. In the Mucuripe Harbor, NE, Brazil, dredging is performed regularly, but the impact on Hg mobilization is unknown. This paper presents results from the monitoring of a dredging operation to characterize and quantify an eventual Hg mobilization. The results showed that remobilization is significant and is associated with suspended solids. Further deposition of the Hg-enriched, remobilized, suspended solids increased Hg concentrations by a factor of 1.2 and 2.0 in harbor and shelf sediments, respectively. Maximum concentrations in harbor and shelf sediments reached 79.9 ng.g-1 and 32.4 ng.g-1 (20 and 9 higher than the regional background, respectively). The progressive increase in Hg concentrations may result in higher exposure to the local biota.Keywords: metals, mobilization, contamination, coastal sediments.
Smoking, vaping and hospitalization for COVID-19
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Barbouni Anastasia , Niaura Raymond
Published: March 2020

The study presents an analysis of the current smoking prevalence among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, compared to the population smoking prevalence in China (52.1% in males and 2.7% in females). We identified 6 studies examining the clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients that presented data on the smoking status. The expected number of smokers was calculated using the formula Expected smokers = (males x 0.521) + (females x 0.027). An unusually low prevalence of current smoking was observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (9.6%, 95%CI: 8.2-11.1%) compared to the expected prevalence based on smoking prevalence in China (31.1%, 95%CI: 28.9-33.3%; z-statistic: 19.16, P < 0.0001). This preliminary analysis does not support the argument that current smoking is a risk factor for hospitalization for COVID-19, and might suggest a protective role. The latter could be linked to the downregulation of ACE2 expression that has been previously known to be induced by smoking. No studies recording e-cigarette use status among hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified. Thus, no recommendation can be made for e-cigarette users.
Keywords. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, ACE2, expression, susceptibility, smoking, hospitalization, electronic cigarette.
FOOD WASTE AS A SOURCE OF BIOFUELS
Authors: Pratt Lawrence M. , Gunasekaran Muthukumaran , Voit Stewart , Le Thach Ngoc , Luu Thi Thi Xuan , Chau Khiem Nguyen Duy , Slocum Josh , McCallister Megan , Herrmann Zachary M. , Doepke Amos , Nubel Cody , Pinhas Allan , Gardner Omar
Published: March 2020

The demand for biofuels currently exceeds the supply. This investigation focused on the potential to produce biodiesel from oil extracted from garbage. Several sources of food waste were investigated in the United States and in Vietnam, and the oil content ranged from about 10% to nearly 30% of the dry mass. Conditions were optimized for preparation of biodiesel from the food waste oil. It was also found that the solid residue, after oil extraction, has a caloric value similar to that of brown coal, and thus is a potential source of solid fuel.
A review of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Scincidae) in southern Vietnam, with additional data on S. sheai and S. tridigitus
Authors: Le Manh Van , Nguyen Luan Thanh , Vo Ba Dinh , Murphy Robert W. , Nguyen Vu Dang Hoang , Nguyen Sang Ngoc
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Among 14 species of forest skinks (genus Sphenomorphus) in Vietnam, seven were recorded from southern part of the country. Shea’s forest skink, S. sheai, was described from Kon Tum Plateau based on a single female. Similarly, the tridigital forest skink, S. tridigitus, was also described based on a single putrid and desiccated specimen found dead on a road in Bach Ma; specimens collected recently in Laos did not fully agree with the original description. Hence, additional specimens from type localities of both poorly known species are necessary to discern their morphological variation. In addition, little is known about hemipenis and distribution of the other forest skinks in southern Vietnam. Our study seeks to (1) confirm the occurrence of all known species in the area and access their distributions, (2) provide additional morphological data on poorly known S. sheai and S. tridigitus, and (3) describe hemipenial structure of known species.

Methods: We analyzed the morphology of 47 specimens of forest skink collected from southern Vietnam to identify species. Scales were observed and counted under a zoom stereo microscope and measurements were taken with a digital caliper.

Results: Analyses confirmed the occurrence of seven species of Sphenomorphus in southern Vietnam, including S. annamiticus, S. buenloicus, S. indicus, S. maculatus, S. sheai, S. tridigitus, and S. yersini. New specimens of S. sheai had one enlarged anterior temporal and eight or nine lamellae under fourth toe, which differed from the original description. Additional specimens of S. tridigitus from the type locality verified that the holotype has 20 mid-body scale rows and first supralabial and nasal fused, but they differed from the holotype in having upper temporal overlapped or overlapping the lower one. Fieldwork discovered 20 new localities for all seven species. The hemipenes of four species involved those with symmetric and asymmetric lobes.

Conclusion: We confirm the occurrence of seven species of Sphenomorphus in southern Vietnam with 20 additional distribution records. Hemipenial structures of known species form two groups. New specimens of S. sheai and S. tridigitus differ slightly from the holotypes.
PREVALENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF VEDANTA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Churi Dr. Amit Ramesh
Published: March 2020

Introduction:  Skin is generally colonised by a wide range of microorganisms that could cause infection. Surgical site infection (SSI) requires evidence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection rather than microbiological evidence alone. SSIs generally affect the superficial tissues, but some more serious infections affect the deeper tissues or other parts of the body manipulated during the surgical procedure.About 5% of patients posted for surgery develop surgical site infections (SSIs), which may cause much morbidity and may sometimes mortality. Treatment of SSIs imposes a substantial financial burden on the health care system. Patients who develop SSI are more likely to spend 60% more time in an Intensive care unit (ICU), they are 5 times as likely to be readmitted and their mortality rate is twice of non-infected patient. But to great surprise 40-60% of these infections are preventable.

Material and Methods: A total of 500 patients who had undergone surgical procedure at the teaching hospitalwere studied prospectively. A total of 464(92.8%) elective surgical patients and 36(7.2%) emergency surgical patients were included in the study.Patient information gathered from the data chart, treatment chart and from ward rounds in the hospital. All patients were followed up from the time of admission until the time of discharge and 30 days postoperatively to inspect the incidence of SSI. Wound infection was diagnosed. SSI diagnosed was divided into three categories: Superficial incision SSI, Deep incision SSI and Organ/space SSI. SSI is considered if an infection occurred within 30 days after the operation, if no implant is left in place SSI was considered.

Results: In the present study 500 patients were included of which 464(92.8%) were elective surgical patients and 36(7.2%) were emergency surgical patients. Total SSI cases were 41 (8.2%) of which 29 (70.7%) were identified in elective surgery cases and 12 (29.3%) were observed in emergency surgery superficial incision SSI was most prevalent 25 (61%) followed by deep incisional SSI 11(26.8%) and then by organ/space SSI 5(12.2%).Mean age in elective surgery group was 52.4±7.48 and in emergency surgery group was 56.2± 6.78. In elective surgery group there were 296 (63.8%) male and 168 (36.2%) female. In emergency group there were 29 (80.6%) male and 7 (19.4%) female. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 404 (87.1%) in elective surgery group and 30 (83.3%) in emergency surgery group. SSI rate observed in elective surgery group was 29/464 (6.25%) while in emergency surgery group was 12/36 (33.33%).BMI (Body mass index) in elective surgery group was 28.7 ±2.45and in emergency surgery group was 27.6 ± 2.89.

Conclusion: higher incidence of SSI with increasing age of the patient.it was observed that to prevent SSI prophylactic antibiotics should be initiated within one hour before surgical incision.

Keywords: SSI, Surgery, Superficial incision SSI, Deep incision SSI, Organ/space SSI
PROBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Upasana Kumari , Chaudhary Shivendra , Kundapur Pratibha P , Kamath Shobha , Chakravarthy Pentapati K , Kamenahalli Shilpa Srinivas , Kumar Vikas
Published: March 2020

Background: The mouth, like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, is heavily colonized by bacteria. The gingival crevice between the teeth and the gums / gingivae offers a unique niche for colonization of bacteria. Gum disease or ‘periodontitis’ is largely attributed to a microbial etiology along with recent observations on the role of the host response.  Hence, periodontal therapy has traditionally focused on the reduction of the bacterial threat. This, however, disrupts the microbial ecological balance. Probiotics is a newer treatment approach that focuses on restoring the reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria. 

Methods: The present study intended to evaluate the effect of probiotic capsule administration in 20 patients each with gingivitis and periodontitis. ‘Cases’ received probiotic capsule and oral prophylaxis while the remaining ten patients received only oral prophylaxis and served as ‘Controls’ in each of the gingivitis / periodontitis groups. Plaque, Bleeding and Gingival Indices, Pocket probing depth along with GCF samples for estimation of Myeloperoxide and Thiol antioxidants were recorded at baseline and one month after treatment. 

Results: Improvement of clinical parameters as well as increase in GCF thiol and decreased myeloperoxidase concentrations was observed in the groups with probiotics. 

Discussion: A greater reduction in plaque scores in the cases may be attributed to probiotic induced reduced microbial colonization. Probiotic species effectively reduce the level of inflammation associated molecules, such as prostaglandin E2 and interferon C and MMP activity. It may be plausible that by modulating these factors, probiotics can lead to improvement of the periodontal parameters. 

Conclusion: Hence, probiotic supplementation along with scaling and root planing may be an effective adjunct for periodontal therapy.

Keywords: Antioxidants, capsule, gingival crevicular fluid, gingivitis, periodontitis, probiotics
PREVALENCE OF NAFLD AND IT’S ASSOCIATION WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
Authors: Gupta Dr. Ritu , Thakur Dr. Shivesh , Nigam Dr. Saurabh
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, mostly in the form of triglycerides (TG), which exceeds 5% of the liver weight.NAFLD is strongly associated with Insulin Resistance(IR).Patients with NAFLD also having type 2 diabetes carry added risk of progressive forms of the disease particularly cirrhosis. They also have poor glycemic control owing to IR. So it is logical to identifying the patients with diabetes having  NAFLD could estimates the future risk and help in prevention of chronic liver disease and delaying the progression to NASH  and cirrhosis and various complications of  Diabetes.

Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in department of   medicine, N.S.C.B., MCH, Jabalpur in which 100 cases of diabetes were taken who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Abdominal USG was used for evidence of fatty liver and it’s grading and fasting serum levels of insulin (FIL) and fasting blood sugar(FBS) were used to calculate HOMA IR value to find presence of IR.

Results:                Our study showed prevalence of  NAFLD was 56%(n-56),Among these,in 58.92%(n-33) cases NAFLD is associated with IR(chi square value-4.1,p value-0.041).Prevalence of  NAFLD was slightly more in females-56.6%(n-30) as compare to males-55.32%(n-26).Strong  association of  NAFLD with IR is found among females as compare to males (p-0.022 and p-0.79 respectively). Waist circumference, Mean BMI, FBS, Triglycerides, FIL and HOMA IR levels in cases with NAFLD (95.11±12.46, 24.83±2.42, 176.13±66.79, 180.07±51.35, 13.59±15.42, 5.33±5.21)were higher as compare to non NAFLD (85.84±9.86, 22.41±2.16, , 134.8±34.41,139.09±39.27, 6.79±4.49, 2.37±1.94)respectively. The mean AST and ALT levels were higher in NAFLD group than Non NAFLD group (t= 2.23,2.19) respectively with p value <0.05.Prevalence of NAFLD was 88.23%(n-15)in obese population.

Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diabetes, the possibility of NAFLD should be suspected in all of them. These patients with NAFLD have high propensity of IR than Non NAFLD patients, so are at higher risk of developing complications of diabetes, NASH and cirrhosis. Also obese diabetic patients have higher incidence of NAFLD and IR as compared to non-obese patients. It seems reasonable to expect that early diagnosis of NAFLD and early intervention with strict glycemic control and weight loss would prevent complications.
TO STUDY THE INCIDENCES OF CARDIAC MANIFESTATION IN THYROID DISORDER (HYPO & HYPER) BOTH IN RURAL AREA OF MALWA REGION
Authors: Ram Dr. Ravija Prasad , Lad Dr. Divyesh , Singh Dr. Badri Vishal , Jain Dr. Arihant
Published: March 2020

Background: In this study 100 cases of thyroid dysfunction were studied for the cardiovascular manifestations. Out of these, 60 cases were of hypothyroidism and 40 cases were of hyperthyroidism.

There was no age bar for inclusion in the study. All of these cases were selected from those attending the Endocrinology OPD in IMCHRC hospital, Indore.

Result: Low pulse pressure is the commonest cardiovascular finding in hypothyroidism (68.33%) followed by diastolic hypertension (55%), soft heart murmur (31.66%), sinus bradycardia (30%) and pericardial effusion (20%) Pulse pressure >40 mm of Hg is the commonest finding in hyperthyroidism. Almost all patients of hyperthyroidism have sinus tachycardia.

Conclusion: Study of cardiac signs and symptoms in patient with hyperthyroidism revealed 87.5% prevalence of pulse pressure > 40 mm hg, 85% prevalence of loud heart sound, 82.5% cases of sinus tachycardia, 52.5% cases of hyperdynamic precordium, 47.5% cases of ejection systolic murmur, 42.5% cases of prolonged Qt interval, 25% cases of precordial thrill, 47.5% patients with systolic BP>160 mm Hg, 20 5 cases with mid systolic click, 27.5% patients with LVH , 15% cases with ST-T changes, 5% cases with S3 and 10% patients with atrial fibrillation.

Keywords: Cardiac, Manifestation, Thyroid, Hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ANTERIOR BRIDGE PLATING FOR HUMERUS SHAFT FRACTURES BY MINIMAL INVASIVE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kumar Dr. Arun
Published: March 2020

Near normal acceptable reduction and rigid stable fixation has its biological advantage as compare to absolute anatomical reduction with compromising soft tissue and vascularity. Biological fixation of fractures with soft tissue preservation and near acceptable reduction is becoming a more acceptable entity. However it is to be evaluated. For a satisfactorily outcome only union is not the only requirement but early and acceptable functional usage of the limb is the goal. Therefore concept of biological fixation was developed over a stable mechanical fixation. This has evolved the development and improvement in the techniques of biological fracture fixation and stabilization systems. From conservative cast and braces to internal fixation with intramedullary interlocking nailing, ORIF with plate and screw. Treatment of humeral fracture has evolved a lot with their complications. Studies are still going on to prove superiority of one over another. Minimally invasive technique for humerus shaft fracture has shown promising results recently.

The present study was planned in Department of Orthopaedic, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar from jan 2017 to Oct 2017. Total 10 cases with fractures of humerus shaft were treated with Minimum invasive Anterior Bridge plating techniques were evaluated in the present study.

The data generated from the present study concludes that though the technique is very promising, it has a steep learning curve involved. The greatest advantage is minimally invasive, minimal soft tissue stripping, smaller incisions, minimal blood loss, shorter operative time and early rehabilitation. In conclusion anterior bridge plating (ABP) is very good technique in treating midshaft humeral fractures with minimal soft tissue dissection, smaller scars, and early return to overhead activities.

Keywords: Anterior bridge plate, humerus fracture, minimal invasive technique, minimal invasive procedure, etc.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY ABOUT HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MORBIDITY OF NEWBORNS AT BIRTH, BORN TO MOTHERS WITH HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY.
Authors: Jagrwal Sameer , Goyal Gourav Kumar , Tak SK
Published: March 2020

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate about 8% of all gestations. Hypertensive disorders are responsible for significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

AIMS: To determine the hematological parameters and morbidity in neonates born to mothers with gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia syndrome and in neonates born to normotensive mothers without any maternal complications or medical illness with special reference to platelet count and neutrophil count.

Methods and Material: The study was a prospective study conducted on neonates born to pregnant women complicated with gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia syndrome and neonates born to normotensive mothers recruited at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Post natal wards who were delivered at Ananta Hospital and AIMS & RC, Rajsamand (Raj.) from October 2018 to September 2019 and the hematological parameters of these babies were studied.

Results: In our study we observed that the mean value of platelet count were significantly lower in study group compared to control group which was highly Statistical significant (p<0.001). The mean value of PT, aPTT, Bleeding Time and Clotting time were significantly higher in study group, as compared to control group. The statistical analytic differences were highly significant in all parameters i.e. PT, aPTT, Bleeding Time and Clotting time (P<0.001).

Conclusion: To conclude early hematological screening of babies are recommended to facilitate early detection and management of serious neonatal complications describes above, to decrease morbidity and improved growth, development and survival.

Keywords:  Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Gestational Hypertension, Newborns.
A STUDY OF 70 CASES OF DUB
Authors: Parmar Dr. Yogesh C.
Published: March 2020

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a phenomenon which refers to menstrual bleeding of abnormal frequency, duration or quantity. It is a common gynaecological complaint caused by wide variety of organic or non-organic causes. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of dysfunctional  uterine bleeding with respect to aetiopathology, demographic variables, treatment options and other medical disorders.

Methods: A retrospective study of randomly selected 70 cases of dysfunctional  uterine bleeding admitted during October 2006 to September 2007, in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in a tertiary care hospital named SSG Hospital at Vadodara. Only cases of AUB due to non-structural causes were included. Demographic details of each patient were recorded and analysed. Patients were evaluated with menstrual history, physical examination, laboratory tests and histological examinations. Patients were followed up from 3 to 8 months.

Results: Most common age group presenting with DUB was 40–50 years  and mostly  belonged to low socioeconomic status. Most of the women were multiparous.  Polymenorrhagia and menorrhagia was most common presentation. Size of uterus is normal in 44 patients. Dilatation and curratage was  having the cure rate of 65.6% .Maximum number of patients (85%) was treated surgically and 15% got medical treatment.

Conclusions: Dysfuntional uterine bleeding (DUB) now termed as Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynaecological manifestation allied with considerable morbidity and significantly affects the patient's family, personal and social life. Perimenopausal women’s health and quality of life can be maintained and improved through preventive care, life style modification, early diagnosis of risk factor and appropriate treatment.

 

Keywords

 

Menorrhagia, Dysfunctional uterine bleeding,Abnormal uterine bleeding Perimenopausal women, Endometrium
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS: 18 MONTHS FOLLOW UP - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Mona Dagar , Anamika Sharma
Published: March 2020

The diagnosis "Aggressive Periodontitis", defined by the International Workshop for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999, refers to the multifactorial, severe, and rapidly progressive form of Periodontitis, which primarily – but not exclusively – affects younger patients. Aggressive periodontitis have localized and generalized forms. It is currently believed that combination of bacteriologic, immunologic and hereditary factors are of major importance in the etiology of this disease. The case was of a 20 year old female and her clinical and radiographic findings were typical for generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. Treatment consisted of thorough scaling and root planing along with administration of tetracycline250 mg every six hours for three weeks, followed by surgical intervention.

Keywords: Aggressive periodontitis, multifactorial disease, treatment
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF 1% CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION : A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Sharma Hans Raj , Sharma Shivani
Published: March 2020

Patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation present with dry eye symptoms postoperatively. The present study was done to evaluate the role of carboxymethylcellulose 1% added to conventional therapy to treat ocular discomfort and tear film instability in patients after cataract surgery.

METHODS:

A prospective, placebo controlled study of 150 patients with age-related cataract after undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were postoperatively randomized to treatment with conventional therapy plus CMC 1% (study group, n = 75) or to conventional therapy plus 0.9% NaCl

(control group, n = 75). Tear film breakup time (TBUT), schirmer test without anesthesia, lissamine green staining and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring were done preoperatively (baseline) and postoperatively at 7 and 30 days.

 

Results

A significant increase in TBUT in the study group as compared to the control group on both day 7 and day 30 was seen (p<0.0001). The OSDI score on day 30 decreased in study group but increased in control group. Schirmer test showed an increase in both the groups on day 7. Day 30 recorded a significant increase in the study group and a decrease in the control group (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The present study thus concludes that dry eye can develop immediately after phacoemulsification with a peak on day 7. However, use of 1% carboxymethylcellulose stabilizes the tear film and thus prevents development of dry eye.
REHABILITATION CENTER FOR NUTRITION: A NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: Solanki Pinakini P. , Patel Priti P , Shah Vijay
Published: March 2020

Introduction:  Malnutrition is a pathological state of deficiency or excess of nutrients. Under-nutrition indicates a state wherein the weight for age, height for age, and weight for height indices are below-2 Z-score of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) norms. In children aged <5 years under nutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. There is significant increase in the risk of case fatality rate in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children suffering from diarrhoea, measles, and pneumonia. Revised estimates with the use of the new WHO Child Growth Standards in developing country situations has resulted in a 2–4 times increase in the number of infants and children falling below-three standard deviation (3SD) weight for height/length as compared to that of using the former NCHS reference.

Material and Methods:  The study was conducted on sample size of 100 children and were then followed up for the period of 2 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stay and the entire follow-up period using available records of anthropometric indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). Weight at admission and discharge and daily weights were recorded from the NRC registers; average weight gain was calculated.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 54 (54%) were girls and 46 (46%) were boys. The mean age duration for the entire group was 26.45 ± 12.23 months; for boys 25.87 ± 12.54 months and for girls 23.66 ± 12.88 months. 51% of the parents of the admitted children were illiterate, 48% had received education up to primary school, and 1% of the parents were graduates. 49% of the parents of the admitted children were daily wage labourers, while 36% of the mothers were housewives. The average weight gain for the study group during their stay at the centers was 9.34 ± 4.33 g/kg/day; for boys the average weight gain being 8.11 ± 5.27 g/kg/day and for girls 10.29 ± 5.99 g/kg/day. The mean MUAC at admission was 11.38 ± 0.96 cm and at discharge it was 11.99 ± 1.68 cm. The difference was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Dropout rates of 10%, 32%, 48%, and 70% were obtained for the four follow-up visits conducted 15 days, 30days, 45  days , and 60 days from the day of discharge.

Conclusion: Children belonging to illiterate mothers have the highest rates of malnutrition. There was a significant difference between mean weight at discharge and the mean weight at admission for the entire study group which is really satisfying the need of NRC.
CRANIOPLASTY FOR PROSTHETIC CRANIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SKULL DEFECTS USING PRE-FABRICATED POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE GRAFTS REINFORCED BY HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES INTRAOPERATIVELY IN RURAL POPULATION OF CENTRAL INDIA REGION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Iratwar Dr. Sandeep W. , Pisulkar Dr. Sweta , Patil Dr. Akshay
Published: March 2020

Cranioplasty involves the repair of a cranial defect or deformation. The commoner causes of skull defects include trauma, neurosurgical procedures and infections. Rehabilitation of the deformities related to the cranial vault, as a sequelto trauma is very high and poses a definite challenge to the neurosurgeon