bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academician Alexander Dynkin: Unusual Lifeline
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the professional biography of Academician Alexander Dynkin, a prominent researcher of contemporary world economy and international relations, the seventh director of IMEMO. He has become the first representative of the post-war generation at the head of the Institute. His civic position is characterized by patriotism with adherence to democratic principles and liberal values. The son of a famous Soviet aircraft engine designer, A. Dynkin planned to continue his father’s career. After completing his studies at the prestigious Moscow Aviation Institute, Dynkin was included in the group of engineers engaged in the development of a project for manned flights to the Moon. When this project was unexpectedly closed at the beginning of 1972, Alexander Dynkin decided to change his profession. He passed the competition for the postgraduate study at IMEMO, where he prepared and in 1976 defended his first dissertation on the topic: “Economic Factors in the Creation and Operation of Civil Aviation Equipment in the United States”. Since that time, his life has become forever linked with IMEMO, where he has grown an outstanding researcher in the economic aspect of modern scientific and technological progress. In 1989, A. Dynkin successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “A New Stage of the Scientific and Technological Revolution in the Capitalist Economy: Economic Content and Implementation Mechanism” at the Academic Council of IMEMO. The problematics, which Alexander Dynkin dealt with, were of particular relevance for the Soviet planned economy which was experiencing deep stagnation. Dynkin and his colleagues tried to find out means of overcoming this stagnation by accelerating scientific and technological progress; they looked for opportunities to adapt the Western experience in this area to Soviet economic realities. In the post-Soviet period, high professional qualities of Alexander Dynkin found a worthy application in economic practice. In 1998, he was invited as an economic advisor to Evgeny Primakov, the Prime Minister of Russia. Having returned to IMEMO a year later, Dynkin continued his scientific research and became an internationally recognized authority in world economy issues. Alexander Dynkin as a researcher has always combined fundamental and applied problems. The development of theoretical and practical aspects of the competitiveness of Russian economy, its integration into the world economy have been an important part of his activities. A. Dynkin proved himself to be not only a prominent researcher, but also an experienced organizer of the research process. Since 1989, he was Deputy Director of IMEMO, and in 2006 he was appointed as a Director of the Institute, which he successfully headed for ten years. Afterwards he became the President of IMEMO. Under his leadership, the Institute has confirmed its status as one of the world’s leading think tanks in the field of contemporary world economy and international relations studies.
Building nations and identities in undefined spaces
Authors: Nowak J.
Published: August 2022

Review of: Potapkina V. Nation Building in Contested States: Comparative Insights from Kosovo, Transnistria, and Northern Cyprus. Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag, 2020
Siddhartha Mukherjee, Gen. Ukryta historia, Wydawnictwo Czarne, Wołowiec 2017, s. 597, ISBN 978-83-8049-493-9
Authors: Słoniowska Anna
Published: August 2022

Recenzja
Historical Sanatoriums in West Pomeranian Voivodeship – 100 years ago. Part 1 – Sanatoriums for Tuberculosis, Scrofula and Rickets
Authors: Jüttemann Andreas , Strugała Natalia
Published: August 2022

Na początku XX wieku obywatele europejscy, zwłaszcza ci z klasy robotniczej, cierpieli choroby spowodowane niedoborami substancji odżywczych. Oprócz gruźlicy, która szerzyła się w biednych dzielnicach miast, rozpowszechniły się także skrofuloza (tak zwana gruźlica węzłów chłonnych) i krzywica. W celach profilaktycznych lub rehabilitacyjnych wzdłuż wybrzeża Bałtyku na Pomorzu Zachodnim budowano domy dla osłabionych i niedożywionych mieszkańców. Dlatego też sanatoria te nazywano w języku niemieckim "Seehospiz" lub "Heilstätte". Poniżej przedstawiamy najważniejsze obiekty, które istniały około 100-125 lat temu na terenie obecnego województwa zachodniopomorskiego.
Adam Wrzosek’s contribution to the reconstruction of the medical education in Poznan
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan
Published: August 2022

Artykuł przedstawia wydarzenia, jakie miały miejsce bezpośrednio po zakończeniu II wojny światowej w okresie odtwarzania systemu kształcenia lekarzy na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim. Jedną z ważniejszych osób zaangażowanych w ten proces początkowo był Adam Wrzosek, który przed wojną organizował Wydział Lekarski na tym uniwersytecie. Jego wkład w odtworzenie systemu kształcenia lekarzy w Poznaniu jest dziś w zasadzie zapomniany z powodów warunkowanych względami ideologicznymi. Niemniej jednak Wrzosek, nawet przebywając na przymusowej emeryturze, uczestniczył przez pierwsze lata powojenne w działalności wydziału, a ponadto nigdy nie przerwał pracy naukowej. Dopiero wydarzenia Października 1956’ spowodowały zmianę sytuacji, dzięki czemu Wrzosek u schyłku swego życia został ponownie zatrudniony na stanowisku profesora medycyny. Wówczas też otworzyła się możliwość wydania napisanej przez niego monografii o Karolu Marcinkowskim, a także kompletnej bibliografii antropologii polskiej. Później napisał jeszcze monografię o Tytusie Chałubińskim wydaną już pośmiertnie. Autor swoim artykułem stara się przywrócić pamięć o przemilczanym wkładzie tego wybitnego naukowca do historii poznańskiej medycyny.
Dredging on water bodies and margin interventions: effects on fish
Authors: Soinski Thais Aparecida , Gato Camilla de Souza , Matsumoto Anderson Arimura , Brazão Midiã Lima , Smith Welber Senteio
Published: August 2022

The urbanization process deeply affects rivers and streams, with numerous impacts, such as the discharge of sewers, dams, and pipework, causing profound changes in the water bodies characteristics and in their biota. In this scenario, the silting of rivers suffers one of the most impactful changes, as it undergoes a reduction in the depth and width of the rivers, triggering physical and chemical changes in the water, as well as in the structure of fish population, its feeding and reproduction habitats. As a palliative measure, it is normal to carry out the desilting (dredging) of rivers, an activity that is also very impacting. Floodings are one of the main factors that demand dredging to be carried out. This review was made to analyze desilting activities, their effects on biota and migratory fish, as well as to evaluate the best management strategies and mitigation of impacts on fish population. The shifting and removal of sediment from the riverbed can cause burial and massive death of eggs and larvae, in addition to interfering in the upward and downward migration of eggs, larvae, and adults of migratory fish. In addition, breeding and feeding sites can be impacted by sediment movement, dredging, and deposition. Some actions minimize the impacts of the silting activity recovering riparian forests, inspect the use of soil on the banks, move urban settlements away, assess the dredging site, consider the spawning sites and reduce the suspension of bottom sediments, as well as choose the best equipment and time for the performance of activities. Therefore, the development of research on the effect of dredging of water bodies on fish would contribute to a better management of the activity.
Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Reduces the Need for Manipulation Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Freccero David M. , Van Steyn Peter , Joslin Patrick M.N. , Robbins Claire E. , Li Xinning , Efremov Kristian , Shukla Pinak , Talmo Carl T. , Bono James V.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Peripheral nerve blocks improve both pain control and functional outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, few studies have examined the effects of different peripheral nerve block protocols on postoperative range of motion. The present study assessed the impact of a single-shot femoral nerve block (SFNB) versus continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) on postoperative range of motion and the need for subsequent manipulation following TKA.

Methods:

We retrospective reviewed patient charts to identify patients who had undergone primary elective unilateral TKA by 2 surgeons at a high-volume orthopaedic specialty hospital over a 3-year period. A total of 1,091 patients received either SFNB or CFNB and were included in the data analysis. Identical surgical techniques, postoperative oral analgesic regimens, and rehabilitation protocols were used for all patients. Patients with <90° of flexion at 6 weeks postoperatively underwent closed manipulation under anesthesia (MUA).

Results:

Overall, 608 patients (55.7%) received CFNB and 483 patients (44.3%) received SFNB. Overall, 94 patients (8.6%) required postoperative manipulation for stiffness, including 36 (5.9%) in the CFNB group and 58 (12%) in the SFNB group. The 50% reduction in the need for manipulation in the CFNB group was independent of primary surgeon (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of postoperative range of motion, either at the time of discharge or at 6 weeks postoperatively. A history of knee surgery, decreased preoperative range of motion, and decreased range of motion at the time of discharge were significantly associated with the need for further MUA (p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions:

Despite similar final postoperative range of motion between patients in both groups, our results suggest that CFNB may be superior to SFNB for reducing the need for postoperative manipulation after primary TKA. Furthermore, a history of ipsilateral knee surgery, decreased preoperative range of motion, and decreased range of motion at the time of discharge were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative stiffness requiring MUA after primary TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Management of Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Mahmoud Yusuf , Rullán Pedro J. , McLaughlin John P. , Molloy Robert M. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: August 2022

» Periprosthetic acetabular fractures are uncommon and infrequently the focus of studies.

» Acetabular fractures are occasionally recognized postoperatively when patients report unremitting groin pain weeks after surgery.

» The widespread use of cementless acetabular cups might lead to a higher number of fractures than are clinically detectable.

» Appropriate recognition, including mindfulness of preoperative patient and surgical risk factors, is critical to the successful management of acetabular complications.
Implementasi Sistem Irigasi Cerdas Berbasis IoT dan Machine Learning pada Pembibitan Pala di Papua Barat
Authors: Basri Hasan
Published: August 2022

Kabupaten Fakfak merupakan daerah yang memiliki kekayaan alam dibidang pertanian dan nelayan, kondisi tanah yang subur memudahkan petani untuk mengolah tanahnya. Pada tahun 2018, hasil produksi pala sebesar 1.750 ton dengan luas lahan perkebunan pala di kabupaten fakfak sebesar 17.542 Ha yang tersebar di seluruh distrik kecuali distrik Karas, distrik Tomage dan distrik Bomberay. Jika ditinjau dari segi jumlah populasi pohon pala, jumlah tanaman pala di kabupaten fakfak tidak mengalami peningkatan signifikan setiap tahunnya. Hal ini desebabkan karena banyaknya tanaman pala yang mati saat dipindahkan ke kebun serta teknik pembibitan petani masih bersifat manual. Selain itu, juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi cuaca yang tidak menentu sehingga mempengaruhi kelembapan tanah dan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman tersebut. Saat musim kemarau, para petani biasanya menyiram tanaman bibit pala secara manual. Hal ini menjadi kendala petani saat mereka melakukan pembibitan sebanyak ribuan pohon. Mereka harus menyiram satu persatu pohon tersebut untuk memastikan bahwa kebutuhan pasokan air dan kelembaban tanah pada bibit tanaman pala tetap terjaga. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah metode yang mampu melakukan automasi sistem irigasi yang dapat menjaga kebutuhan nutrisi tanah dan mengurangi tingkat kematian pohon pala akibat cuaca. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perancangan sistem irigasi cerdas berbasis Internet Of Things (IoT) dengan mengkombinasikan beberapa sensor untuk mengukur suhu tanah dan suhu udara disekitar tanaman pala. Pemanfaatan teknologi machine learning juga diterapkan pada penelitian ini, teknologi machine learning digunakan untuk memprediksi kebutuhan irigasi pada lahan pertanian menggunakan berbagai parameter penginderaan yang diperoleh dari berbagai sensor. Seperti sensor kelembaban tanah dan suhu udara lingkungan sekitar tanaman. Semua data sensor tersebut akan dikumpulkan dan diolah menggunakan algoritma SVM dalam pengambilan keputusan secara otomatis dan real-time. penelitian ini  mampu mengukur intensitas volume air dan kondisi lingkungan tanaman secara akurat yang berakibat pada peningkatan  jumlah populasi pala di kabupaten fakfak.
Pengembangan Virtual Class Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Mahasiswa Pada Perkuliahan Daring
Authors: Priyambudi Surya , Setyowati Yulis , Murdani Muhammad Harist
Published: August 2022

Pembelajaran harus tetap berlangsung, walaupun terjadi bencana pandemic yang menjadikan pemerintah menerapakan pembatasan tatap muka pada dunia pendidikan. Solusi yang dianggap tepat adalah pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan seara virtual memalui aplikasi virtual yang tersedia. Pada rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah pengembangan pembelajaran daring menggunakan Virtual Class untuk meningkatkan keaktifan mahasiswa pada perkuliahan daring di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surabaya serta kendala-kendala yang mungkin ditemui dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan perkuliahan daring tersebut. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian, ialah: 1)Mengembangkan aplikasi media pembelajaran daring; 2)Meningkatkan minat belajar, berdiskusi tanya jawab, dan mengerjakan tugas pada media pembelajaran daring; 3)Melakukan identifikasi terhadap penggunaan media pembelajaran daring. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey. Responden merupakan dosen dan mahasiswa aktif semester gasal tahun akademik 2021/2022 dari Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surabaya. Analisa kuesioner pada penggunaan media pembelajaran daring menggunakan aplikasi Virtual Class untuk dosen sebesar 92,3% sedangkan untuk mahasiswa sebesar 94,3% maka berada dalam kualifikasi sangat baik. Hasil dari peningkatan penggunaan aplikasi Virtual Class tersebut dalam perkuliahan daring dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan pedoman perkuliahan daring pada STIE Surabaya di masa pandemi Covid-19. Media pembelajaran daring yang dimiliki STIE Surabaya beralamatkan https://sties.vclass.id merupakan media pembelajaran daring yang memberikan pengalaman belajar menyenangkan, mudah, paperless dan fleksibel. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1)Pelaksanaan perkuliahan pada STIE Surabaya menggunakan media pembelajaran daring aplikasi Virtual Class berjalan baik dengan kualitas produk kategori sangat baik; 2)Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran daring aplikasi Virtual Class yang dipergunakan STIE Surabaya mampu meningkatkan keaktifan perkuliahan.
Accurate Two-Phase Flow Simulation in Faulted Reservoirs by Combining Two-Point Flux Approximation and Mimetic Finite Difference Methods
Authors: Dong Rencheng , O. Alpak Faruk , F. Wheeler Mary
Published: August 2022

Faulted reservoirs are commonly modeled by corner-point grids (CPGs). Because the two-point flux approximation (TPFA) method is not consistent on non-K-orthogonal grids, multi-phase flow simulation using TPFA on CPGs may have significant discretization errors if grids are not K-orthogonal. We developed a novel method to improve the simulation accuracy where the faults are modeled by polyhedral cells, and mimetic finite difference (MFD) methods are used to solve flow equations. We use a cut-cell approach to build the mesh for faulted reservoirs. A regular K-orthogonal grid is first constructed, and then cells are divided where fault planes are present. Most cells remain K-orthogonal while irregular non-K-orthogonal polyhedral cells can be formed with multiple cell divisions. We investigated three spatial discretization methods for solving the pressure equation on general polyhedral grids, including the TPFA, MFD, and TPFA-MFD hybrid methods. In the TPFA-MFD hybrid method, the MFD method is only applied to the part of the domain with severe grid non-K-orthogonality, while the TPFA method is applied to the rest of the domain.

We compare flux accuracy between TPFA and MFD methods by solving a single-phase flow problem. The reference solution is obtained on a rectangular grid, while the same problem is solved by TPFA and MFD methods on a grid with non-K-orthogonal cells near a fault. Fluxes computed using TPFA exhibit larger errors in the vicinity of the fault, while fluxes computed using MFD are still as accurate as the reference solution. We also compare saturation accuracy for two-phase (oil and water) flow in faulted reservoirs when the pressure equation is solved by different discretization methods. Compared with the reference saturation solution, saturation exhibits non-physical errors near the fault when the pressure equation is solved by the TPFA method. Because the MFD method yields accurate fluxes over general polyhedral grids, the resulting saturation solutions agree with reference saturation solutions with an enhanced accuracy when the pressure equation is solved by the MFD method. Based on the results of our simulation studies, we observe that the accuracy of the TPFA-MFD hybrid method is very close to the accuracy of the MFD method, while the TPFA-MFD hybrid method is computationally cheaper than the MFD method.
Maridesulfovibrio caeruleilacunae sp. nov. and Maridesulfovibrio oucae sp. nov . , two sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from Yongle Blue Hole of the South China Sea
Authors: Dai Wei , Sun Wen , Fu Tianyu , Jia Chao , Fu Liang , Yao Peng , Yang Zuosheng , Zhou Shun , Shi Xiaochong , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: August 2022

A reconstructed phylogenetic tree indicated that the novel strain JC010T and JC022T both formed a lineage with strains in the same genus Maridesulfovibrio. The novel strains designated JC010T and JC022T were both isolated from seawater of the Yongle Blue Hole, South China Sea. The two strains were both Gram-staining-negative, obligately anaerobic, motile, arcuation, and flagellated marine bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, sequence similarities of strain JC010T and JC022T were less than 97.9% and 97.3% against all validly named species in the genus Maridesulfovibrio respectively and there is a sequence similarity of 98.4% between strain JC010T and JC022T. The temperature, pH and NaCl range for growth of strain JC010T was 4–37°C (optimum 28°C), 4.0–9.0 (optimum 7.0) and 1.0-5.5% (w/v; optimum 4.0%). As for strain JC022T, growth occurred at the temperature range of 10–37°C (optimum 28°C) and pH range of 4.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0) in the presence of 2.5-6.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0%). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain JC010T and JC022T were both identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The dominant fatty acids (> 10%) of strain JC010T and JC022T were summed features 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c), C16:0, iso-C15:0, summed features 3 (C16:1 ω6c/ C16:1 ω7c). The major polar lipids of strain JC010T and JC022T both included one phosphatidylcholine (PC), one phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and two phospholipids (PL1-2). For strain JC022T, it also included other three unidentified lipids (L1-3). The genomic DNA G + C content was 49.8 mol % and 48.0 mol % for strain JC010T and JC022T. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and whole-genome comparisons, we propose two novel species, Maridesulfovibrio caeruleilacunae sp. nov. and Maridesulfovibrio oucae sp.nov within the same genus Maridesulfovibrio. The type strain of Maridesulfovibrio caeruleilacunae and Maridesulfovibrio oucae are JC010T (= JCM 39061T = MCCC 1K03847T) and JC022T (= JCM 39062T = MCCC 1K03848T) respectively.
Genetic analysis of resistance to powdery mildew on 7Mg chromosome of Wheat–Aegilops geniculata,development and utilization of specific molecular markers
Authors: Wang Yongfu , Fan Jianzhong , Xiao Yi , Feng Xianbo , Zhang Hong , Chen Chunhuan , Ji Wanquan , Wang Yajuan
Published: August 2022

Background: Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici (Bgt) is prevalent in the main wheat-producing regions of China and result in serious yield losses in recent years. Breeding resistant cultivars is the most environmentally sound measure of disease control. Aegilops geniculata Roth, a close relative of common wheat, is an important and valuable disease resistance gene donor for wheat improvement.Results: In this study, to validate powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 7Mg, two genetic populations were constructed and analyzed. Wheat – Ae. geniculata 7Mg disomic addition line and 7Mg (7A) alien disomic substitution line crossed with susceptible Yuanfeng175 of susceptible powdery mildew respectively to form generations F1 and F2. Cytological examination, in situ hybridization (ISH), and functional molecular markers analysis showed that alien chromosomes could be inherited stably, produce different gamete types and enrich the intermediate materials for wheat genetic variation. The populations were inoculated with the physiological race E09 of powdery mildew at seedling stage. The results revealed that the plants showed high resistance to powdery mildew with chromosome 7Mg. Besides, more specific markers were developed to verify chromosome 7Mg resistance based on SLAF-seq technique. Then, 84 specific molecular markers were obtained about chromosome 7Mg. Among them, four markers were selected randomly to checked in two genetic populations. In summary, the above analysis confirmed that a dominant high powdery mildew resistance gene inherited were located on the chromosome 7Mg of Aegilops geniculate. Conclusions: The results provide a basis for resistance gene mapping and specific marker development in future.
Serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide was positively associated with osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss
Authors: chen lingyan , wu jiayu , ren weiying , li xi , luo man , hu yu
Published: August 2022

Background
Previous studies have presented osteoporosis and sarcopenia frequently occur concomitantly in elderly. Type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β (β-CTX) usually increases in osteoporosis. However, the relationship between β-CTX and muscle mass remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between serum β-CTX and the risk of sarcopenia in elderly inpatients.
Methods
228 patients > 65 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray scanning (DXA) was used to access skeletal muscle and bone mass. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by height2. Serum markers of bone remodeling were detected by electrochemical immunofluorescence assay.
Results
Serum concentration of β-CTX as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis were higher in low SMI group than in the normal SMI group. Correlation analysis showed that serum β-CTX levels negatively correlated with SMI and bone mass. Across the quartiles of serum β-CTX, total skeletal muscle mass (TSM), ASM, SMI, total bone mass (TBM) and bone mass at various sites including the limbs, spine and pelvis decreased significantly, wherea the prevalence of low SMI and osteoporosis increased. Logistic regression analysis showed the higher quartiles of serum β-CTX had an increased risk of low SMI and osteoporosis, compared to the lowest quartile (the third and fourth quartiles for low SMI and the fourth quartile for osteoporosis).
Conclusions
With increasing serum β-CTX levels, muscle and bone mass decreased in Chinese elderly inpatients. Serum β-CTX was positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis and muscle loss.
Glioblastoma Multiforme Imitating a Cavernoma: A Unique Image Case Report
Authors: Qazi Saba Saleem , Baqai Muhammad Waqas Saeed , Faisal Kunwer Sufyan , Shah Syed Muhammad Ismail , Aziz Hafiza Fatima
Published: August 2022

Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. We highlight an unusual case of a 54-year-old woman, neurologically intact with a diagnostically challenging lesion. The patient's Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a left frontal lesion with surrounding edema and a hemosiderin ring misleading it to be a cavernoma. Intra-operatively, the lesion was found to be a solid tumor with hematoma around and was confirmed to be (GBM) on histopathology. In conclusion, the dilemma associated with our patient’s radiological findings and a longstanding history of epilepsy is rare and a diagnostic challenge
Application of modified gemcitabine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft model
Authors: Inkoom Andriana , Ndemazie Nkafu , Smith Taylor , Frimpong Esther , Bulusu Raviteja , Poku Rosemary , Zhu Xue , Han Bo , Trevino Jose , Agyare Edward
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Gemcitabine (Gem) remains a preferred first-line anticancer drug used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (PCa). However, rapid metabolism and systemic instability (short half-life) have limited its therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to modify Gem to a more stable form, 4-(N)-stearoyl-gemcitabine (4NSG), and to evaluate its efficacy in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models harboring African American (AA) and Caucasian (White) patients' tumors. Methods: 4NSG was developed and characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis. 4NSG-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (4NSG-SLN) were developed using the cold homogenization technique and characterized. Cytotoxicity, cell migration, and clonogenic studies were performed to determine the effectiveness of 4NSG-SLN against AA primary PCa cells (PPCL-192, PPCL-135) and White PCa primary cells (PPCL-46, PPCL-68). Pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor efficacy studies were conducted using PDX mouse models bearing tumors from AA and white PCa patients. Results: The effective particle size of 4NSG-SLN was 82 nm and (IC50) values of 4NSG-SLN treated AA cells (PPCL-192, 9 ± 1.1 µM and PPCL-135, 11 ± 1.3 µM) and White cells (PPCL-46, 12 ± 2.1 and PPCL-68, 22 ± 2.6) were found to be significantly lower compared to Gem treated AA cells (PPCL-192, 57 ± 1.5 µM and PPCL-135, 56 ± 1.5 µM) and White cells (PPCL-46, 56 ± 1.8 µM and PPCL-68, 57 ± 2.4 µM). The area under the curve (AUC), half-life, and clearance pharmacokinetic parameters for 4NSG-SLN were 3-4-fold higher compared to that of GemHCl. 4NSG-SLN treated PDX mice exhibited a two-fold decrease in tumor growth inhibition in PDX mice bearing AA and Whites patients' tumors compared to Gem treated PDX mice bearing AA and Whites tumors. Conclusion: 4NSG-SLN significantly improved the pharmacokinetics of Gem, enhanced systemic stability of Gem, and increased its antitumor efficacy in PCa PDX mice bearing AA and White tumors.
Acceptability and expected changes in parental practices after an online behavioural parent program for ADHD during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Rahali Meryem , Fongaro Erica , Franc Nathalie , Nesensohn Jessica , Purper-Ouakil Diane , Kerbage Hala
Published: August 2022

Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Treatments for this population should be multidisciplinary and must be initiated as soon as possible. Non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD include psychoeducation, parent behavioural training programs and school interventions and accommodations. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed an online version of a combined psychoeducation and behavioural training program to facilitate access to mental health treatment and ensure continuity of care. The study assessed the acceptability of this online parent training program, among parents and/or caretakers of children and adolescents with ADHD.
Methods
The program consisted of 10 online sessions over the course of 2 consecutive days (5 sessions a day). Satisfaction, usefulness and general comments about the program were assessed with open-ended questions and visual-analogous scales. Parents/caretakers’ use of strategies to manage behavioural problems was assessed using the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales.
Results
A total of 206 parents participated in the online program and 175 of them completed the evaluation. Overall, participants were satisfied with the content of the program and found it beneficial for their child. The engagement was high and no major obstacles were identified to participation, except some internet connection issues. More than half of participants had already used some of the strategies included in the program. Despite this, some difficulties in implementing new strategies were observed.
Conclusions
Our study contributes to the growing body of papers evaluating online behavioral training program to improve their efficacy and content. With these measures, we hope to improve engagement in online psychoeducation and behavioural therapy programs. Future research evaluating online behavioural training programs should focus on ways to make them more accessible and adaptable to families’ obstacles.
Novel Domain Knowledge Encoding Enables Machine Learning of Rapid, Expert-level Segmentation of Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Feng Ruibin , Deb Brototo , Ganesan Prasanth , Tjong Fleur , Rogers Albert , Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Somani Sulaiman , Rodrigo Miguel , Clopton Paul , Zou James , Zaharia Matei , Narayan Sanjiv
Published: August 2022

Ablation is a common therapeutic procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF), that is guided to specific targets in the heart often after laborious segmentation of computed tomography. Machine learning (ML) can automate such tasks but requires large training datasets. Inspired by natural intelligence, which builds conceptual models to learn without large datasets, we mathematically encoded domain knowledge of atrial geometry to accelerate ML segmentation. In test cohorts (N=160) at 2 institutions, Dice scores were 96.7% (IQR: 95.3% to 97.7%) and 93.5% (IQR: 91.9% to 94.7%) with similar anatomic agreement to experts (r=0.99; p<0.0001). In a prospective study of patients undergoing AF ablation (N=42), our approach reduced segmentation time by 85% (2.28±0.8 vs 15.0±6.9 minutes; p<0.0001), with similar Dice (p=0.07) versus experts. This approach may broaden the availability of AF ablation, and more broadly shows that encoding of domain knowledge may reduce the dependence of ML on large training datasets.
Effects of protein levels in commercial diets on growth performance and survival rate of rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) at the nursing stage
Authors: Linh Nguyen Quang , Phuong Tran Vinh , Tuan Nguyen Anh , Tram Nguyen Duy Quynh , Thuan Nguyen Duy
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine how the levels of protein in commercial diets affect growth and survival rates of Siganus guttatus from the fry to fingerling stage. The experiment allocated 3 levels of protein in the diets: 35% (trial 1); 40% (trial 2) and 45% (trial 3) and each trial was repeated three times. The 30-day-old fry in this study had an initial length and weight of 18.25 ± 0.15 mm fish -1 and 0.036 ± 0.50 g fish -1 , respectively. In experimental setup, the stocking density was set to 1,000 fish m -3, and all the experimental fish were arranged in a composite tank with a volume of 1.0 m 3 . After 30 days of rearing, the weight of fingerlings in formula trial 1 reached 1.52 ± 0.01 g fish -1 , which was lower than that of trial 2, where fingerling weight was reported to be 1.69 ± 0.01 g fish -1 but was showed no difference from trial 3, which obtained a weight of 1.58 ± 0.08 g fish -1 . The length of fingerlings in trial 1 reached 36.92 ± 0.60 mm fish -1 , which was lower than that in trial 3 (45% CP) with lengths of 38.89 ± 0.43 mm fish -1, but not significantly different in trial 2 (40% CP) with a length of 37.97 ± 0.35 mm fish -1 . The survival rate of fingerlings ranged from 67.27 to 72.33%. Meanwhile, the herd distribution coefficient variation (CVw) in the treatment using 45% protein (trial 3) was the highest at 7.42% (p < 0.05).
A Drug Delivery System Constructed by a Fusion Peptide Capturing Exosomes Targets to Titanium Implants Accurately Resulting the Enhancement of Osseointegration Peri-implant
Authors: Li Xuewen , Ma Shiqing , Xu Shendan , Ma Xinying , Zhao Zhezhe , Hu Han , Deng Jiayin , Peng Cheng , Liu Zihao , Wang Yonglan
Published: August 2022

Background
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) have been shown triggering osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MSCs,but exosomes administered via bolus injections are rapidly sequestered and cleared. Therefore, we considered the implant as a new organ of patient's body and expected to find a method to treat implant with BMSC-exos in vivo directly.
Methods
A fusion peptide (PEP), as a drug delivery system (DDS) which contained a titanium-binding peptide (TBP) possessing the ability to selectively bind to the titanium surface and another peptide CP05 being able to capture exosomes expertly, is constructed to modify the titanium surface.
Results
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments prove PEP retains the ability to bind titanium and exosome simultaneously, and the DDS gain the ability to target exosomes to titanium implants surface following enhancing osseointegration post-implantation. Moreover, the DDS constructed by exosomes of diverse origins shows the similar combination rate and efficiency of therapy.
Conclusion
This drug delivery system demonstrates the concept that EXO-PEP system can offer an accurate and efficient therapy for treating implants with long-term effect.
Electroconductive PEDOT Nanoparticle Integrated Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Tissue Repair
Authors: Serafin Aleksandra , Rubio Mario Culebras , Carsi Marta , Ortiz-Serna Pilar , Sanchis Maria J. , Garg Atul K. , Oliveira J. Miguel , Koffler Jacob , Collins Maurice N
Published: August 2022

Background
Hostile environment around the lesion site following spinal cord injury (SCI) prevents the re-establishment of neuronal tracks, thus significantly limiting the regenerative capability. Electroconductive scaffolds are emerging as a promising option for SCI repair, though currently available conductive polymers such as polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) present poor biofunctionality and biocompatibility, thus limiting their effective use in SCI tissue engineering (TE) treatment strategies.
Methods
PEDOT NPs were synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization in miniemulsion. The conductive PEDOT NPs were incorporated with gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA) to create gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs. Morphological analysis of both PEDOT NPs and scaffolds was conducted via SEM. Further characterisation included dielectric constant and permittivity variances mapped against morphological changes after crosslinking, Young’s modulus, FTIR, DLS, swelling studies, rheology, in-vitro, and in-vivo biocompatibility studies were also conducted.
Results
Incorporation of PEDOT NPs increased the conductivity to 8.3×10− 4±8.1×10− 5 S/cm. The compressive modulus of the scaffold was tailored to match the native spinal cord at 1.2 ± 0.2 MPa, along with controlled porosity. Rheological studies of the hydrogel showed excellent 3D shear-thinning printing capabilities and shape fidelity post-printing. In-vitro studies showed the scaffolds are cytocompatible and an in-vivo assessment in a rat SCI lesion model shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation not directly in contact with the lesion/implantation site, with diminished astrocyte reactivity. Decreased levels of macrophage and microglia reactivity at the implant site is also observed. This positively influences the re-establishment of signals and initiation of healing mechanisms. Observation of axon migration towards the scaffold can be attributed to immunomodulatory properties of HA in the scaffold caused by a controlled inflammatory response. HA limits astrocyte activation through its CD44 receptors and therefore limits scar formation. This allows for a superior axonal migration and growth towards the targeted implantation site through the provision of a stimulating microenvironment for regeneration.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the incorporation of PEDOT NPs into Gel:HA biomaterial scaffolds enhances not only the conductive capabilities of the material, but also the provision of a healing environment around lesions in SCI. Hence, gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs scaffolds are a promising TE option for stimulating regeneration for SCI.
Ki-67 pulmonary Immunoreactivity in silver nanoparticles toxicity: size-rate dependent genotoxic impact
Authors: Ali Sanaa A. , Kadry Mai O. , Hammam Olfat , Hassan Sohair A. , Abdel-Megeed Rehab M.
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEngineered nanoparticles have been recently utilized in numerous domains particularly, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nonetheless, the possible side effects resulting from AgNPs exposure are not fully clarified. The present study aimed to clarify the toxicity of AgNPs toxic effect on lung tissue. This study was extended to investigate the impact of Glycosmis pentaphylla (G. pentaphylla) and Casimiroa edulis (C. edulis) leaves extracts in addition to mucilage and protein; the purified compounds from C. edulis against AgNPs induced pulmonary toxicity. MethodsMale Swiss albino mice were administered AgNPs orally in two different particle sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) for one month and was further treated via the above mentioned natural product extracts in a dose of 500 mg/ kg for three weeks. Biochemical, molecular, immunohistochemistry, and histopathological investigations were further assessed. ResultsOur results declared an obvious alternation in oxidative stress biomarkers as well as mRNA gene expression of both survivin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) in addition to exploration of positive nuclei for ki-67. Data declared a significant upregulation of both glutathione s transferase and superoxide dismutase antioxidants up on treatment by C. edulis extract. Furthermore, a remarkable downregulation of MMP-9as well as survivin mRNA gene expression in all treated groups. Immunohistopathological examination investigated a significant improvement in the reactivity of ki-67 biomarker upon treatment. Histopathlgical examination confirmed the obtained results.ConclusionIn conclusion; these functional foods extracts could be considered as a promising candidate as therapeutic regimen against pulmonary toxicity induced via Ag-NPs due to their enrichment with different active constituents.
Supply Chain Impact from Production Capacity Constraints: A Computer-based Simulation Approach
Authors: Lockstrom Martin
Published: August 2022

The bullwhip is a well-known phenomenon in supply chain management. Whereas past research has focused on factors like supply rationing, batch-size, lead-time etc., mainly from an analytical perspective. This paper broadens the research by specifically examining the impact from production capacity constraints not only on demand (order size) but also on inventory levels and supply chain cost. The results confirm past research and brings new insights in the impact on component and compound bullwhip effect behavior across supply chain echelons by showing that production capacity acts as a damper on the bullwhip effect.
A randomized controlled trial of antibody response to 2020 cell-based inactivated and egg-based live attenuated influenza vaccines in individuals ages 4-21 years
Authors: Martin Judith , Williams Katherine , Li Zhu-Nan , Zhai Bo , Alcorn John , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Levine Min , Kim Sara , Flannery Brendan , Geffel Krissy Moehling , Merranko Amanda , Collins Mark , Susick Michael , Clarke Karen , Zimmerman Richard
Published: August 2022

Antibody responses to influenza vaccines may vary by many factors. Participants ages 4-21 were randomized to receive cultured inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4; n =112) or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4; n=118). Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) reported in geometric mean titers (GMTs) and mean fold rise in titers (MFR) and IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies reported in median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) were measured against cell-grown, egg-grown, and drifted A(H1N1) antigens, A(H1N1)pdm09, both vaccine B strains and the nucleoprotein (NP) from A(H3N2) on pre- and 28 days post vaccination. The HAI and immunoglobulin isotype response to ccIIV4 was greater than LAIV4. LAIV4 response was highest among the youngest participants. Prior LAIV4 vaccination was associated with a higher response to current season ccIIV4. Cross-reactive A/Delaware/55/2019(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies were present pre-vaccination and increased in response to ccIIV4, but not LAIV4. Immunoglobulin assays confirmed the findings of HAI titers to measure influenza vaccine immune response.Clinical Trials No.:﻿ NCT03982069
Grateful to Help You or Grateful to Help Me? An Investigation of the Effects of Expressing Gratitude to Benefit Oneself
Authors: Cregg David R. , Musarra Marley , Cheavens Jennifer S.
Published: August 2022

Gratitude interventions are often promoted as self-help exercises. However, expressing gratitude to benefit oneself may paradoxically undermine well-being, as this mindset shifts the focus away from the recipient of gratitude. Across two studies (N = 475), participants were randomly assigned to compose a gratitude letter using three rationales: self-focused (emphasizing benefits to the self), other-focused (emphasizing benefits to the recipient), and neutral (no rationale). The neutral group reported lower well-being than the two experimental groups (self-focused and other-focused) on a variety of outcomes. However, the experimental groups did not differ on main study outcomes, thus failing to support the hypothesis that self-focused reasons for expressing gratitude result in poorer well-being than other-focused reasons. However, text analyses revealed that the compositions of the letters differed between the self-focused and other-focused conditions. Individuals in the self-focused condition tended to write letters that were more self-referential, longer, less positive, and that used more insight/cognitive processing language, whereas individuals in the other-focused condition tended to write letters that were more other-referential, shorter, and more positive. Our results suggest that inclusion of a rationale enhances the effectiveness of a gratitude intervention, and the emphasis of the rationale can alter the way in which a gratitude letter is written. Implications for future research are discussed in light of these findings.
Implementation of Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization for Predicting Student Dropout in Sub-Saharan Africa Secondary Schools
Authors: Mnyawami Yuda N. , Maziku Hellen , Mushi Joseph C.
Published: August 2022

Many secondary schools in Sub-Saharan countries face the problem of students dropping out of school due to various reasons which are difficult to diagnose directly. Various initiatives such as the big results now initiatives, free education for all, no child left behind, and secondary education development programme as well as machine learning prediction models used to reduce the severity of the problem in Sub-Saharan countries. The ongoing dropout problem, particularly in secondary schools, is ascribed to improper root cause identification and the absence of formal procedures that may be used to estimate the severity of the issue. Bayesian Optimization technique has been used to project the student dropout by optimizing the prediction results. The forecast accuracy of machine learning algorithms is hampered by default optimization techniques, making it difficult to pinpoint the real causes of student dropouts. The performance of the optimized model was evaluated by the average accuracy, precision, recall, f1, Roc curve, and AUC. Prediction accuracy results indicate that NB = 95%, LDA = 94%, SGD = 96%, DT = 97%, RF = 97%, LR = 96%, KNN = 97%, and AdaBoost = 97%. Features including student marks, age, school distance, parental education, number of children, and parental occupation significantly contribute to student dropouts. Results indicate the prediction accuracy of the proposed model outperforms the default optimization method of the machine learning algorithms. A well-optimized strategy draws a lot of attention to the findings related to student dropout rates in Sub-Saharan countries.
Identifying morphs of the Asian Hornet (Vespa velutina) and other pests of quarantine importance with geometric morphometrics
Authors: Smith-Pardo Allan Henry , Polly David
Published: August 2022

In this work assess the use of geometric morphometrics (GMM) as an identification tool for insects of quarantine importance that are difficult to identify based on traditional external morphology alone. We use the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) as a case study because it is a highly variable species, with a broad natural distribution, and has been accidentally introduced in many regions of the world as a result of commerce. We used landmark data of the forewings of an extensive set of samples (previously considered “subspecies” of the Asian hornets) from across the native range of this species in southeastern Asia to assess the affinity of a dead specimen of the species that was intercepted dead on a mail parcel in Utah, USA in 2020. We find that GMM analysis of the forewing is able to statistically distinguish almost all color morphs from the native range with moderate-sized samples and that automated classification using discriminant function analysis is able to classify individuals with an overall accuracy of about 90%, ranging from 60–100% accurate depending on the morph. Discriminant function classification and continuous-trait maximum-likelihood clustering based on forewing shape both suggest that the Utah specimen belongs to thenigrithoraxcolor morph, which has a native range in southern China, but which has also been introduced to Europe and Korea. The GMM approach bears considerable promise for refining the identification and provenancing of intercepted specimens accurately and inexpensively and can be made even more powerful by increasing the coverage of the wing shape database.
Images of stylized faces enhance ERP features used for emotion detection
Authors: Chacón Luis Alberto Barradas , Brunner Clemens , Wriessnegger Selina C.
Published: August 2022

For their ease of accessibility and low cost, current Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) used to detect subjective emotional and affective states rely largely on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Numerous datasets are publicly available for any researcher to design models for affect detection from EEG. However, few designs focus on optimally exploiting the nature of the stimulus elicitation to improve accuracy. In this study, we found that artificially enhanced human faces with exaggerated visual features significantly improve some commonly used neural correlates of emotion as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). These images elicit an enhanced N170 component, well known in facial recognition encoding. Our findings suggest that the study of emotion elicitation could exploit consistent stimuli transformations to study the characteristics of ERPs related to specific affective stimuli. Furthermore, this specific result might be useful in the context of affective BCI design, where a higher accuracy in affect detection from EEG can improve the experience of a user.