bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and location of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity following surgery of tibial plateau fracture
Authors: Kelkar Rajeev , Mahajan Pranav , Mishra Subhash
Published: December 2022

Background: Tibial plateau fractures are commonly seen fractures of lower limb. They are challenging to manage since they are mostly associated with soft tissue injuries. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant cause of morbidity and pulmonary embolism can even cause mortality in all hospitalized patients, especially after trauma and lower extremity fracture, which further carries risk of significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of postoperative DVT in tibial plateau fractures.

Method: A prospective observational randomized study was performed. A total of 79 patient were included in this study who had proximal tibia fractures. Pre-op ultrasonography was done and post operative ultrasonography was done following proximal tibia plating surgery on day 2. Successive evaluation with USG was done at week 2, week 3 and week 4 for DVT. If DVT is diagnosed it will be managed medically.

Result: A total of 79 patients were included in the study, 28 were females and 51 males. 4 out of 79 patients were diagnosed with DVT following surgery of tibial plateau fracture. Predominantly DVT was seen in male patient of elderly age group who had high energy trauma operated by open reduction with duration of surgery of more than 1 hour. 3 out of 4 patients had distal DVT and 1 had proximal DVT.

Conclusions: Six risk factors were found to be strongly associated with DVT i.e., old age, male gender, high energy trauma, increased preoperative interval, open reduction and prolonged duration of surgery. These epidemiologic data will be helpful in individual assessment, risk categorisation and development of targeted prevention programs.
Fracture supracondylar femur treated with various modalities of treatment-an exploratory study
Authors: Sancheti Mukesh
Published: December 2022

Background: Present study looked at functional outcomes and rate of complications in cases of adult supracondylar-intercondylar femur fractures treated with different treatment modalities at a tertiary care government hospital.

Methods: The study was conducted over 2 years wherein 23 patients with fracture in intercondylar-supracondylar region were included. The different implants and surgical techniques used in the study were: Condylar blade plate, dynamic condylar screw (DCS) with side plate, buttress plate single, supracondylar nail technique and TARPO technique. Neer’s criteria was used to compare functional outcome with different modalities of treatment.

Results: Eight out of 11 patients treated using DCS with side plate-showed excellent results as per Neer’s criteria. Excellent results were observed in 3 out of 4 fractures fixed with GSH supra-condylar nail, 3 out of 3 in those fixed with TARPO technique, 0 out of 3 in patients managed using buttress plate and 1 out of 2 patients treated with blade plate.

Conclusions: Closed method of reduction followed by internal fixation (TARPO technique and GSH nail) is better than open reduction (Buttress plate, DCS with side plate and condylar blade plate) for the management of fracture supracondylar femur. DCS with side plate by open method is at par with GSH nail and TARPO technique for knee ROM and rate of complications. It is recommended that, the Neer’s criteria should not be utilised in isolation for the purpose of comparing outcomes in cases of fracture supracondylar femur.

 
Functional assessment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosus graft
Authors: Rao Shreekantha , Mittal Prabhat , Saxena Bhoomika
Published: December 2022

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee and prevents translation and rotatory forces and it is one of the most prevalent ligament injuries in the knee. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is recommended for which different graft options can be Quadrupled Semitendinosus and Gracilis, doubled Peroneus, Quadriceps Tendon, and Bone patellar tendon-bone. As all grafts have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of donor site morbidity, fixation, and failure rate; the ideal ACL reconstruction graft remains a point of contention. So, we did a functional assessment after ACL reconstruction using Quadrupled Semitendinosus graft.

Methods: The prospective cohort study included 30 patients under the age of 55 years admitted with ACL deficiency from August 2019 to August 2020 in the orthopedic department of a Sapthagiri hospital, Bangalore who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. This study aims to evaluate the functional result of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with only quadrupled semitendinosus tendon graft using the Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC knee grading systems.

Results: Patients were followed up for a minimum period of one year. On evaluation, the maximum Lysholm, IKDC score achieved was 97 and 79 respectively while the minimum score was 86 and 69 respectively. Comparisons of pre-and postoperative improvement scores were statistically significant.

Conclusions: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadrupled semitendinosus graft yields good functional results with minimal postoperative morbidity irrespective of graft diameter.
Clinical outcomes of the intramedullary humerus nailing system in the treatment of humerus fractures
Authors: Sharma Akash , Jain Arpit , Luthra Gaurav , Upadhyay Roshani Kamlesh , Badyal Rahul
Published: December 2022

Background: After femoral and tibia bone fractures, the humerus fracture is the third long bone fracture. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the outcomes of treating humerus fractures with an KN-5H humerus nailing system. The fixation of humerus fracture especially shaft fractures from intramedullay humeral nail the clinical outcomes obtained from the retrospective study of humerus nailing system on humeral fracture is controversial feature in surgical technical research, follow-up factors, and implants.

Methods: In this retrospective study of KN-5H humerus nailing system (KN-5H intramedullary cannulated humerus nail, KN-5H reconstruction nail, cannulated and KN-5H reconstruction cannulated intramedullary humerus nail) manufactured by the Kaulmed Pvt. Ltd. is used. The total 26 patients from which 11 males and 15 females between the age group of 18-70 years with humerus fracture were taken. Patients didn't received conservative management. The fractures were categorized based on AO classification and Neer type. Th post-operative clinical effectiveness was evaluated using the Radiological evaluation, VAS score and Functional ROM results.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 15 months (range 13 to 24 months). The mean time of union was 14 weeks (range 10 to 18 weeks) in 26 patients. No non-union occurred in any patients. Functional end results of shoulder and elbow were excellent in 92.3% patients, moderate 5.75% patients and poor in 1.95% patients. Postoperative complications included one superficial infection, 3 patients had nail impingement complain, one patient has shoulder stiffness and had pain in adduction. No implant related complication was reported.

Conclusions: The treatment of proximal and diaphysis humerus fracture is highly recommended using intramedullary humeral nailing due to lower post-operative complication with high union rate.
The black bone disease: a case report of ochronotic hip arthropathy
Authors: Rathi Rahul , Garg Shivam , . Vishwas , Kumar B. L.
Published: December 2022

Ochronotic arthropathy is a rare complication in patients with alkaptonuria (AKU) that arises as a result of accumulation of ochronotic pigment in the joints. This case report presented a 70-year-old female patient with chronic pain in B/L knee and right hip with decreased e range of motion. The physical and radiographic findings were agreeable with end-stage hip osteoarthritis and knee osteoarthritis. The diagnosis was done by finding of a dark capsule and femoral head during the total hip replacement. The surgical treatments significantly minimized and enhanced the range of motion (ROM). AKU normally emerges after age 40 and is normally asymptomatic till the involvement of the spine, hip, knee and shoulder joints. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons must be observant of clinical manifestations of this rare condition, before and during the surgery. Arthroplasty is an appropriate therapeutic recourse for patients suffering from ochronotic arthropathy.
An interesting case of external type of coxa saltans treated by z plasty of iliotibial band-a case report
Authors: Sameer M. Mohamed , Baskaran Sibi Sanjay
Published: December 2022

Coxa saltans commonly known as snapping hip is a nagging illness which can physically and mentally hinder patients life. A snapping hip (coxa saltans) secondary to a tight iliotibial band rarely needs surgical release since most cases respond well to conservative management. The purpose of this study is to present the surgical results of refractory external-type snapping hip by Z-plasty of the iliotibial band. We present a case report of 47-year-old lady who was diagnosed to have snapping hip of external type who was treated with Brignall and stainsby technique of Z plasty. The surgical results of Z-plasty are excellent and predictable. Careful examination is necessary to rule out other causes. Z-plasty is recommended as an effective surgical treatment of the refractory snapping hip.
Case of giant cell tumour of proximal tibia treated with intra-lesion curettage with adjuvant therapy and reconstruction with the sandwich technique fixation
Authors: Moaiyadi Aliasger H. , Wankhede Aniket K. , Badole Chandrashekar M. , Patond Kisan R.
Published: December 2022

Giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive tumour with the potential of malignant transformation that mostly involves the meta-epiphyseal region of long bones. A 34-year-old female was presented to our institute with progressive pain and swelling in her right knee and was radiologically and histologically found to have a GCT of proximal tibia. She was treated with extended curettage with power burr, intra-lesion phenol application and internal fixation using the sandwich technique. No recurrence was found and the procedure led to a good functional outcome. A GCT of proximal tibia treated with joint preserving surgery with extended curettage and the sandwich technique fixation gives optimal results leading to a good functional outcome.
A rare case of ribbing disease of the proximal tibia
Authors: Dey Joydeep Kumar , Mandal Shobhan , Shah Varmit , Anand Shashwat , Agrawal Sarang , Srivastava Abhilash , Shetty Sunil H.
Published: December 2022

Ribbing disease is a rare disease that causes bony growths to develop in long bones mostly the lower limbs. It often develops after puberty. The disease also goes by other names like multiple diaphyseal sclerosis. The disorder is caused by discrepancy in the osteoclast regulation process. Here in we report a 28 years old male presenting with a case of ribbing disease of right proximal tibia. A 28 years old male gives history of fall when he was 6 years old i. e., 22 years back. Now patient complaints of pain in right proximal tibia since last 6 months. Pain is of mild nature. It is most likely a case of ribbing disease based on the clinical, radiological findings. Ribbing disease is a disease of exclusion, needs high degree of suspicion for its diagnosis. However, patient should be advised for regular follow ups.
Influence of aqueous ozonation on physicochemical properties and incidence of phytopathogens in minimally processed strawberries
Authors: Freitas-Silva Otniel , Corrêa de Souza Coelho Caroline , Martinel Maristella , Maria Correa Cabral Lourdes
Published: December 2022

Minimally processed strawberries are perishable and susceptible to the development of pathogenic agents, making their post-harvest life limited. Thus, sanitization is a crucial step to ensure the quality of this produce. The objective was to evaluate the effect of treatment with ozone gas dissolved in water on the physicochemical properties and the incidence of pathogens in minimally processed strawberries stored under refrigeration. After minimal processing, “Camino Real” strawberries were submitted to five different treatments: immersion in ozonated water (OW) at three different concentrations (0.2; 0.5; and 1.0 mg L-1) at 10 ºC for 5 min; chlorine sanitization (Sumaveg®) in two steps, at 150 mg L-1 and 5 mg L-1, at 10 ºC for 10 min. The control treatment corresponded to fruits without sanitation. After the treatments, the fruits were stored under refrigeration at 5 ºC and 90% RH and evaluated for 12 days regarding postharvest quality (physical, physicochemical and biochemical), as well as the incidence of diseased fruits (%). The results showed that the sanitization of fruits with ozonized water, regardless of the concentration, favored the quality and health of strawberries during storage compared to fruits subjected to sanitization with chlorinated water and control fruits. Ozonated water treatment is an alternative to traditional sanitization with chlorine, maintaining the physicochemical quality of the minimally processed “Camino Real” strawberries stored under refrigeration.
Clinical profile and surgical outcome of patients with pseudo-exfoliation syndrome undergoing cataract surgery - A retrospective study
Authors: Rajmohan Nanthene , Venipriya  , Prasanth Hannah Ranjee , Kandasamy Ravichandran
Published: December 2022

Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome is an age-related process of unknown etiology characterized by the deposition of distinctive fibrillar material in the anterior segment of the eye. The material is commonly deposited in the anterior chamber, angle of the eye, iris, trabecular meshwork, anterior capsule of the lens, and also the cornea. It is associated with open and narrow angle glaucoma, the formation of cataracts and the corneal endothelial decompensation.

PXF deposition in the lens zonules leads to disintegration of the lens zonules resulting in lens subluxation and dislocation. PXF deposition on the iris causes poor pupillary dilatation. Both zonular dehiscence and poor pupillary dilatation pose a great challenge to the cataract surgeon during surgery. Intra operatively, the chances of lens subluxation / dislocation, posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss is high in the presence of pseudoexfoliation. In the immediate post-operative period, intra ocular pressure spikes, increased and prolonged iritis and corneal decompensation can affect the visual outcome of the surgery.

This study will retrospectively analyze the clinical profile of the patients with pseudoexfoliation and to evaluate the occurrence of intra and immediate post-op complications of cataract surgery. In this way, the surgeon can plan his/her surgical technique to help avoid complications during cataract surgery and be prepared to manage the potential intraoperative and postoperative complications that can occur in pseudoexfoliation eyes.
Complications and visual outcome of cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation patients
Authors: Walia Tejinder Kaur , Gupta Manoj , Kaur Ruminder
Published: December 2022

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a multifactorial diffuse disease and is diagnosed clinically on slit lamp examination of the eye by the deposition of white, dandruff like material on different structures in anterior segment i:e corneal endothelium, iris, pupillary margin, anterior lens capsule, zonules and trabecular meshwork. The aim of study was to study demographic features, intraoperative and postoperative complications and the visual outcome of cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation patients. 93 eyes of 93 patients with pseudoexfoliation posted for cataract surgery were included in the study. 79.56% patients were of more than 60 years of age group.43 patients were male and 50 patients were female. 44 patients had pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes and 49 patients had either right eye or left eye involvement. Intraoperative problems encountered were poor pupillary dilatation, capsular bag prolapse, zonular dehiscence, posterior capsular rent, residual cortical matter and positive vitreous pressure. Postoperative complications reported were corneal edema, raised intraocular pressure, significant anterior chamber cell reaction, left cortical matter and exudative membrane. Best corrected visual acuity was more than 6/18 in 67 eyes, between 6/60-6/24 in 16 eyes, and less than 6/60 in 10 eyes. At 1 month, best corrected visual acuity was more than 6/18 in 92 eyes. Cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation patients is associated with high risk of complications. Use of iris hooks and capsule tension rings where required during the surgery can decrease the intraoperative complications and thus will give better visual outcome.
A cross-sectional study of systemic disorders in patients with episcleritis and episcleritis
Authors: Selvaraj Dhyan , Karunakaran Rajasekaran , Marudhachalam Sudan , Thiyagarajan Lavannya
Published: December 2022

Episcleritis and scleritis are both inflammatory disorders of the eye and may have underlying systemic disorder precipitating them. Therefore a thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations are needed to rule them out. Systemic conditions that have been associated include rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, sarcoidosis, spondyloarthropathies, tuberculosis, gout, syphilis, hepatitis B and many others.

: To estimate the prevalence of systemic disorders in patients with episcleritis and scleritis visiting ophthalmology OPD. To identify the potential underlying systemic disorders requiring treatment.

: This study was conducted in 105 patients who attended ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year and four months. Systemic association of a precipitating disease was noted in 20% of cases and the remaining 80% of cases had no association of an underlying precipitating systemic illness. Tuberculosis was a major precipitating disorder associated with scleritis and episcleritis. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, Wegener granulomatosis, syphilis, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis and herpes zoster were some of the other systemic associations noted.

: Scleritis and episcleritis are common conditions encountered in an ophthalmology out patient department. Their frequent association with an underlying systemic disorder prompts us to assess the systemic status of such patients. Early diagnosis and proper management of such disorders has helped to reduce both systemic and ocular morbidity.
Study of factors affecting the duration of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Shaikh Naziya Md Rizwan , Dubey Aditi , Kumar Kavita , Aishwarya G , Kansana Surendra Singh
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the duration of spontaneous regression of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

A prospective observational study was conducted over a duration of 1.5 years from December, 2019 to May, 2021. All the infants presenting with ROP or developed any stage later were considered for the study and were followed up as per International Classification of Retinopathy Guidelines (ICROP), 2005 guidelines till compete vascularisation. Data regarding the birth history and maternal factors were noted. In those neonates in whom the Retinopathy of Prematurity presented or progressed to type 1 ROP were treated and the rest were followed up till complete vascularisation and duration noted. Risk factors were compared in neonates undergoing spontaneous regression within 45 weeks PMA and those taking longer than 45 weeks. The Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0 version.

Mean gestational age in neonates undergoing earlier spontaneous regression (<45 weeks) was 31.86±2.02 months, and that of delayed spontaneous regression group was 33±2.24 months. Mean birth weight in earlier spontaneous regression group was 1537.14±202.02 grams, and that delayed spontaneous regression group was 1406.19±229.88 grams. Mean duration of complete regression of ROP is 44.9 weeks postmenstrual age. Higher birth weight and Hyperbilirubinemia was found to significantly cause the regression of ROP within 45 weeks (P=0.021).

Higher birth weight and Hyperbilirubinemia was found to cause earlier regression of ROP and hence could be a possible protective factor in the pathogenesis of ROP.
Evaluating the effect of corneal tissue preservation on graft survival after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Shaikh Naziya Md Rizwan , Waskel Preeti , Jain Ankit , Kubrey Sooraj Singh , Singh Manisha , Kumar Kavita
Published: December 2022

: To study the various tissue preparation and preservation which affect the quality of donor tissue along with the effect of recipient factors on short term graft survival.

The ambi-spective study was carried out in order to know predictive value of factors like donor, tissue preservation and recipient factors and the extent of the effect on short term graft survival. A total of 26 eyes of 13 donors were studied, out of which 23 eyes had undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Out of 23 eyes, 3 eyes had undergone therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, 16 eyes undergone optical penetrating keratoplasty and 4 eyes undergone triple procedures; penetrating keratoplasty with cataract extraction with posterior chamber intra ocular lens implantation. The results of penetrating keratoplasty were studied over a period of 3 months with follow ups at 1 week, 1 month and the final follow up at the 3rd month. The indication for penetrating keratoplasty in recipients in this study were essentially optical and therapeutic. The Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0 version. Categorical variables were described by taking percentages (analyzed using Chi Square test; Subgroup analysis was based on Adjusted Standardized Residuals). The variables with p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Recipients with donor tissue from eyes retrieved within 4 hours of death and shorter preservation to utilization time have shown better graft survival.

Practices including lid closure and eye drop instillation should be encouraged. Hospital cornea retrieval program should be promoted to ensure lesser death to enucleation time and preservation time for better graft outcome.
Study of demographic profile and causes of visual impairment amongst patients seeking visual disability certificate in tertiary care center, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Authors: Sankhla Priyanka , Chauhan Arvind , Sulaniya Megha
Published: December 2022

To identify various causes of visual impairment in patients seeking visual disability certificate and study the demographic characteristics of visually disabled population.

Cross-sectional study of patients seeking visual disability certificate from November 2014 to April 2015 was done. Cause of visual impairment was ascertained after detailed examination which included slit-lamp examination, direct ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy with 90D lens, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and/or ERG/VEP and MRI, CT scan, Ultrasonography (USG) in selected cases.

Out of 250 cases in the study, most of them were in the age group of 21-40 years (44.80%). Mean age was 34.25 years. Male cases (192) were more compared to female (58) in this study. Male to female ratio was 3.31: 1. The cause for which most disability certificate issued was congenital anomalies (18.40%) followed by Other Retinal Pathology (15.20%) and retinitis pigmentosa (14.80%) and least were staphyloma (4%) and empty socket (4.80%).

High number of eye were blind due to congenital diseases and retinitis pigmentosa explains the need of genetic counselling. Avoiding trauma, early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent blindness from avoidable causes. Rehabilitation includes the provision of vocational and functional training as well as social and legislative service support. This is with a view to enhancing the chances of the affected individuals particularly children, who have their whole life ahead of them, to acquire a means of livelihood, improved social interaction and enhanc self-dignity.
Retinoblastoma – Typical and atypical clinical manifestations presented at tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Sultana Aliya , Mallapragada Varsha
Published: December 2022

: Purpose is to study the various typical and atypical manifestations of the retinoblastoma presented to our department.

: Prospective study.

: 2 years, January 2020 to December 2021.

: All children presented with various signs and symptoms and cases with tumour suspicious manifestations were evaluated. Detailed birth history from parents, slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, B Scan, CT Scan Orbit (plain and contrast), MRI Orbit (plain and contrast) when tumour extension was suspected and documentation done in all cases.

: Atypical manifestations requires proper evaluation to exclude Pseudo retinoblastomas. Many clinical conditions will masquerade the tumour and cause confusion in diagnosis. Pseudo retinoblastomas which reported in our study were commonly PHPV and Coats disease. One case of Retinoblastoma was also presented like Ocular cysticercosis with inflammatory signs in anterior and posterior segment, oral steroids were given, vitreous seeds which were present in anterior chamber disappeared after steroids and fundus showed creamish white lesion filling the entire vitreous cavity. Masquerades will cause delay in the diagnosis, which can lead to extension of tumour.

: Diagnosis is not easy, most of the times in children particularly when media is not clear, delay in diagnosis may require enucleation where globe salvage may not be possible, sometimes intracranial extension of the tumour will increase the mortality.
Study of accuracy of biometric measurements in relation to intra ocular lens power calculation
Authors: Yadav Prashansa , Prabhakar S. K. , Mary Feba
Published: December 2022

Preoperative eye biometric measurements are critical for calculating IOL power, so it is essential to grasp how the various biometric parameters interact. The aim of this study is to determine the predictability and influence of biometric values on power calculation.

To determine the relationship between IOL power and biometric values.

It is an observational cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care center in Mysore, Karnataka. 110 eyes undergoing cataract surgeries were evaluated in the study over a period of four months. Preoperative biometry was performed and IOL power was calculated by SRK–II and A-scan. Pearson correlation coefficient matrix was tabulated. Model was obtained using multiple linear regression analysis. The comparison was made among all 6 models using the R square value and the standard error of the estimate.

Ka had a positive correlation with the Kh (r=0.955) and Kv(r=0.963), which had a weak negative correlation with AL (r =-0.358). Model 2 (SRK II-IOLP= (-0.900)*Ka + (-2.500)*AL+118.200) had the highest R square with no error, indicating the highest predictability in estimating IOLP. Estimating IOLP using an A-scan was a significant predictor but had the highest error with an R Square value of 0.206.Model 1 (A-scan- IOLP=(-0.191) *Ka +(-1.002)*AL+52.445) was the second most successful model. Ka can provide better predictability with both the methods to calculate the IOLP and AL.

There is a limited evidence in comparing both the formulas. The SRK-II IOLP measurement showed higher accuracy using Ka and AL with no error in refractive error. A scan provided precise biometry data and IOL power calculation within an average range of ALs. The SRK- II formula's predictability is higher than the A-scan formula.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): A case report
Authors: Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Hossain Sanwar , Guda Titus Leonard , Chowdhury Forhad , Hossain Md. Somir
Published: December 2022

Patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia may be associated with hypertension, seizures and other neurologic symptoms and deficits. A young female patient presented with a neurological and visual disturbance which included variable symptoms like visual disturbances, headache, seizures and altered consciousness or mental status with a history of postpartum eclampsia after an uneventful LUCS. She also gave a history of a two-bag blood transfusion one month ago. A neurological and ophthalmic evaluation was performed. Detailed history taking and clinical evaluation followed by an imaging study, potentially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), helped to confirm the diagnosis of Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). PRES is a clinico-neuroradiological disorder of neurotoxicity that typically involves headache, mental confusion, seizures, and occasionally loss of vision. The exact pathophysiology of PRES is still unclear and has not been thoroughly explained. Hypertension and endothelial cell injury may be pathognomic. Prompt management may help to recover early.
Lipaemia retinalis in hyperlipidemia, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anusha Annapureddy , Gnanadurai Samuel Cornelius
Published: December 2022

A 52-year-old male patient presented with a chief complaint of diminution of vision over the past two months. He is a known case of type -2 diabetes mellitus for 25 years but has not been taking his medication regularly. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of 6/18 in both the eyes, xanthelasma, arcus senilis, posterior segment examination revealed creamy white discolouration of the retinal vessels. Routine blood investigation revealed high level of triglycerides (1550 mg/dl), cholesterol (615 mg/dl), LDL-C 10 mg/dl, HDL-C (187 mg/dl), and with HBA1C of 14.4%. Hence, diagnosed this case as lipaemia retinalis. The patient was referred to a physician for treatment, and after treating with statins, lipid-lowering therapy, and blood sugar control, the patient was reviewed every month; six months later, the patient had normal retinal vessels and improved visual acuity, in addition to normal triglyceride, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.
Intrusion of mandibular incisors using single mini-implant –A finite element study
Authors: Agarwal Nikita , Fulari Sangamesh , Suryavanshi Samidha
Published: December 2022

A deep bite is a complex orthodontic problem that is a common feature of many malocclusions. Depending on the diagnosis, a deep overbite can be corrected. Mini implants can be used for the true intrusion of anterior teeth. FEA is a computer based numerical simulation technique used to calculate deflection, stress and displacement.

To analyze stress distribution pattern and displacement of mandibular incisors when intrusive forces are applied using three dimensional finite element analysis. To compare intrusion of lower anterior teeth when ‘V’ pattern force and straight vertical pattern force are applied.

A three dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate mandibular teeth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The displacement of individual tooth (central and lateral incisors) on three-dimensional planes and the von Mises stress distribution were compared.

Intrusive forces when applied to four mandibular anterior teeth remarkable tipping of the labial segment was seen when straight vertical elastics were used as compared to the ‘V’ shaped elastics.

Within the limits of this study, predictable intrusion with minimum labial tipping is seen using single implant using V pattern elastics.
Comparative evaluation of surface microhardness of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets when treated with CPP-ACP paste and Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation: An in vitro study
Authors: Mantri Komal Kailash , Aymen Uroosa , Biradar Anilkumar N
Published: December 2022

Fixed orthodontic treatment has a lot of benefits for the patients, but it is not without any potential risks. The most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is in the form of incipient caries lesions around brackets and which is mainly due to limitation on self-cleansing mechanism.

To evaluate the effect of Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation and CPP-ACP paste used alone or in combination on the surface microhardness of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets.

Initially starting with bonding brackets to each tooth and making acrylic resin blocks. Then LASER irradiation with appropriate settings was performed.

200 non-carious extracted human maxillary first premolars were bonded by metal brackets and were tested for microhardness on Vickers machine. They were randomly divided into 5 groups followed by treated with different caries prevention methods, then subjected to PH cycling model. All teeth were tested for surface microhardness in a 3mmx3mm area surrounding the orthodontic bracket.

The mean VHN value of all the groups were found to be highly statistically significant. The highest mean VHN value was found in the group 5 followed by group 2, group 3 and group 4 and least mean VHN in group 1.

Combination of ER, CR:YSGG laser irradiation and CPP-ACP paste shows a highly effective preventive measure for white spot lesion. LASER irradiation with specific guidelines as followed m in this study is a more effective preventive measure as compared to CPP-ACP Paste application followed at regular intervals.
Esthetic nickel titanium wires– Do they deliver the same force?
Authors: Kalia Ajit , Joshi Juhi , Mandsaurwala Mohammed , Bobade Sayali , Khan Azmat Azha
Published: December 2022

To test the difference in loading and unloading forces delivered by six coated nickel-titanium wires and their non-coated equivalents.

Commercially available six coated nickel-titanium wires and their non-coated equivalents of sizes 0.016-inch diameter round and 0.016 X 0.022-inch rectangular cross-section were procured. The wires were evaluated using a three-point bending test based on the method in ISO Standard 15841.

No statistically significant differences in force values were found between coated and non-coated wires, listed by deflection in three-point bending, for these specific groups.

Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 11.5 (Chicago, III). Analysis of variance was performed with Sheffe post hoc for the mean comparison among the measurements of each loading and unloading deflection for coated and non-coated wires. Student’s t-tests was performed for the mean comparisons between non coated and coated groups for each deflection.

There is no significant difference in load response between coated and non-coated nickel-titanium wires of the same size when subjected to the same deflection using a standard three-point bend test method.
Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular rotation
Authors: Chandra Deepak , Khanna Rohit , Verma Sneh Lata , Maurya Rana Pratap , Srivastava Kamna , Tikku Tripti
Published: December 2022

Various types of appliances have been tried by the Orthodontists for the fixed orthodontic treatment. Irrespective of the appliance used the main goal of retraction of anterior teeth in extraction cases is to keep the vertical dimension stable so as not to allow downward and backward rotation of mandible. The aim of this study was to compare changes in mandibular rotation following fixed orthodontic treatment on subjects who have undergone extraction of all first premolars.

Pre and post treatment lateral cephalogram of 25 subjects were taken (13 females and 12 males), aged 18-25 years and the tracings were done using Nemoceph software. Parameters assessed were facial height (anterior and posterior), mandibular plane angle (FMA & SN-GoGn), and Jaraback ratio. Student t-test was used to make statistical comparison.

Mean difference of SN-GoGn(0.15 ±0.07), FMA(0.23 ±0.52), Anterior facial height(0.18±0.01) and posterior height(0.45±0.01) and Jaraback ratio(0.47±0.32) did not show statistically significant difference between pre and post treatment.

Mandibular plane did not alter during treatment. When adequate mechanics is followed during treatment desirable treatment outcome with insignificant alteration of mandibular plane can be achieved.
The influence of Swedish Constitutionalism on the Russian policy of the "Northernism" of the late XVIII century
Authors: Lozhkin Eugeny
Published: December 2022

In this article the author proposes a new approach to understanding the period of the reign of the Emperor Paul I. The author draws parallels between the history of Russian and Swedish constitutionalism of the second half of the XVIII century, and argues for the typological similarity of the "Gustavian era" in Sweden and the reign period of the Paul I in Russia. At the same time, the politics of Paul I was based on the identification model of Russian “northernism” prevailing in the last third of the 18th century, within which the special role of Russia in the region of northern Europe was designated. Giving the necessary historical and political context, the author reconstructs the internal logic of the evolution of the political worldview of Paul I, who consistently developed from a constitutional to an absolute monarchy. It is suggested that solving of the problematic notion of Paul as a liberal and enlightened heir apparent and, at the same time, a despotic autocrat, can be interpreted within the framework of the transition from «enlightened absolutism» to «enlightened despotism».
Going Beyond "Electoralism": Agonistic Democracy Versus a Post-politics Perspective
Authors: Letnyakov Denis
Published: December 2022

In the research literature of recent years, the problem of the degeneration of modern democracy into a technocratic "post-politics", has been actively discussed. The article analyzes one of the possible answers to this threat, proposed by the theorists of the so-called agonistic (competitive) model of democracy. Referring to the works of Ch. Mouffe, W. Connolly, J. Tully and D. Owen, the author shows what can be an agonistic alternative to the "electoralist" approach to democracy (linking the latter, first of all, with the holding of competitive elections). Further, considering the political practices of modern liberal polities (mainly the USA), the author comes to the conclusion that they already contain a certain agonistic element. This element, however, needs to be developed and strengthened in order to transform politics into an institutionalized space of conflict, which is a necessary condition for the existence of any living democracy.
Trust in Institutions as a Factor of Political Processes (Theoretical and Methodological Aspects)
Authors: Podolsky Vadim
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of existing approaches to the analysis of the impact of trust on political processes. The following tasks are solved: definitions of trust and approaches to its measurement are presented, theories related to the sphere of trust are considered, the context and the possible impact of trust on the political processes are described. Researchers link the origin of trust in institutions with their effectiveness. Party, ethnic or other affiliation are listed among the factors that determine trust. A high level of trust in institutions promotes reform, facilitates political stability, improves tax collection and reduces corruption, and increases support for the ruling party in multi-party systems.
Hybrid Threats - a New Challenge or a Bogey of Post-democracy? (Western Discourse)
Authors: Fyodorov Alexander
Published: December 2022

As the Russian-Ukrainian conflict developed after the events of 2014, and especially with the start of a “special military operation” in Ukraine, Russia in the political mass media of the countries of the  West received the status of the main source of hybrid threats. The vagueness of the terms “hybrid threat” and “hybrid war” for the majority of the population made this accusation even more ominous and causing panic in front of everything associated with Russia. At the same time, historically, these phenomena, or rather, political constructs, have nothing to do with these events and were generated by the military-political thought of the United States a quarter of a century before them. However, realizing that in this new geostrategic situation, constructs that are beginning to leave the political topic are quite convenient for the purposes of information confrontation, a number of Western countries began to use them to interpret any actions of Russia that contradict the interests of the United States and NATO, and at the same time for the generality of other "non-democratic" countries. Calls appeared in official documents to inform people about the existence of “hybrid threats” and how to deal with them, to develop a common knowledge-based response. The article concludes that at present, in such appeals, the component is more likely to be propagandistic than anticipating a threat.
Dinara Dubrovskaya: Forty Years in Oriental Studies. Part II
Authors: Mikhailov Stanislav V.
Published: December 2022

This is the second part of an interview with a Sinologist, art historian, journalist and writer Dr Dinara V. Dubrovskaya, editor-in-chief of the Vostochnyi Courier (Oriental Courier) magazine, who in 2022 headed the Department of Art and Material Culture of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conversation raises key issues related to the self-representation and self-awareness of Chinese civilization, the issues of interaction of the Middle Kingdom with its immediate neighbors and with the world in general in historical retrospective and in modern times. The author and the interviewer look into the reasons why the Chinese empires were not interested in spreading their teachings beyond the borders of the Celestial Empire and in the very concept of ‘frontiers’ in the understanding of the traditional Chinese. We are talking about the self-sufficiency of Chinese culture — true as well as supposed, about the concept of ‘devouring a mulberry leaf’, comparing the understanding of the contact zones of the ancient Chinese and ancient Egyptian states.
Oriental Field Research-2022: the Second All-Russian Academic Conference
Authors: Lebedinski Victor
Published: December 2022

The paper is a review of the second All-Russian Scientific Conference “Oriental Field Research” held in Moscow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences on April 20-21, 2022. In this scientific event 65 researchers from different countries, near and far abroad, took part — from Russia (such regions as Dagestan, Kalmykia, Tatarstan), Tajikistan, China, Pakistan, Italy, Hungary. These are representatives of academic institutions, museums, higher education, and independent researchers. The work of the conference was held in a mixed format, face-to-face reports and online presentations were heard, a total of 50 reports. The increased number of participants compared to the previous year indicates the importance and relevance of the ongoing scientific event. The topics of the reports were varied and touched upon current problems and prospects of Oriental studies, the results of field expeditions, archaeological, underwater archaeological, epigraphic, anthropological, sociological, and many other issues. Within the framework of the conference, the exhibition “Expeditions of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences” was organized, at which the artworks of T. P. Udyma, created in the course of her work in the South Tajik Archaeological Expedition under the leadership of Academician B. A. Litvinsky in Tajikistan, as well as photographs taken during modern expeditions by employees of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Mali, Ethiopia, India, the Republic of Korea, and Uzbekistan. This scientific symposium was prepared by the Center for Historical and Archaeological Research of Crimea and the Mediterranean. The proceedings of the conference in the form of scientific articles are planned to be published in a special issue of the “Orientalistika” academic journal.
Inter-Arab Relations and Perspective of the Syrian Reconciliation: Historical and Political Dimensions
Authors: Ahmedov Vladimir M.
Published: December 2022

The article studies main developments in Inter-Arab relations and its eventual implications on the Syrian crisis. The author pays special attention to the historical preconditions of Arab’s interaction in the 20th century, focusing on its actual political, ethnic, ideological, regional dimensions that formed security and political environment for the Syrian Reconciliation. The author studies current situation in Syria in view of abilities to peacefully resolve the conflict by political instruments rather than military options. Main attention is paid to Arab’s politics towards Syrian conflict and its ability to emerge Damascus from political isolation and support Syrian reconciliation processes. Political steps and tendencies of major regional and international players in the Syrian crisis are analyzed with regards of some differences among Arab states. The author supposes and demonstrates that the further developments depend on the way Arab states interact with Russia, Turkey, and Iran in the field of Syrian crisis to provide transformation of their previous agreements on the security system in Syria. The author believes that despite all the complexity of this crisis and specific of Inter-Arab relations peace in Syria is quite possible. A lot depends on political will and the readiness for mutual compromises between key internal and external actors in the Syrian crisis.
Achievements of Russian Arabic Studies of the 20th Century in the Academic Heritage of Historians Lev N. Kotlov, Natalia S. Lutskaya, Nikolay A. Ivanov and Irina M. Smilyanskaya
Authors: Gorbunova Natalia
Published: December 2022

In December 2021 Center for Arab and Islamic Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Science organized a major scientific conference. Within the section “In Memoriam, Historiography of Arabic Countries History” we recalled our colleagues and teachers and their achievements in studying the history of Arabic countries. Their works constitute the basement we rely upon while studying the vast region of Arabic Orient of different periods – up to nowadays. The research-streamlined thinking of the senior generation of orientalists clearly demonstrates that namely the interest for the studied matter helped the scientists to overcome the obstacles and limitations of the Soviet era on the way to comprehension of life of the peoples and countries of the Orient. Their rich experience and accumulated knowledge are being successfully digested and developed by younger historians-Arab scholars. They are supported by the modern communication media in this process.
Naviget, Haec Summa Est, or the Last Quest of Admiral Zheng He
Authors: Dubrovskaya Dinara V.
Published: December 2022

This paper is an attempt to present a new general overview of the famous voyages of the Chinese Ming-era admiral of the Zheng He (1371–1433) both based on the main Chinese sources (Ming Shi, Taizong Shilu) and using the latest research materials. The author focuses in her study on several key questions that continue to occupy the academic community as well as the general public interested in the history of China and international relations. Among them is the question of the main goal of the seven unprecedented overseas expeditions, which break out from the generally recognized Chinese empires’ foreign policy paradigm, the problem of the recently discovered falsifications of the Zheng He fleet’s achievements, the question of the reason for the abrupt end of the unprecedented navigational activity of the Ming Dynasty, and some others. Based on a wide range of studies, the author concludes that the sea “power projection”, initiated by the Yongle Emperor (the patron of the Great Navigation Era in China), was conceived as an attempt to demonstrate the power of the young house of Ming in the widest possible range of the oikumene, but was curtailed due to the switching of the emperor’s attention to more closely related foreign policy tasks and as a result was forgotten as an outrageous and inappropriate precedent.