bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-shot 2D detector point-spread function analysis employing a circular aperture and a back-projection approach
Authors: Forster Lennart , Dierolf Martin , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz , Günther Benedikt
Published: December 2024

Knowledge of a detection system’s point-spread function (PSF) allows improving image resolution by deconvolving this PSF. The slanted-edge or Siemens-star approaches are commonly used to retrieve the PSF. The latter retrieves the PSF with a poor angular resolution and requires an intricate, sometimes expensive test pattern. The former provides the line-spread function only. Rotating this edge, the PSF could be retrieved in a tedious and time-consuming procedure. Other alternatives are line-pair resolution test charts or point-like light sources, e.g., tiny pinholes or fluorescent beads, which suffer from long acquisition times either due to the need for pattern rotation or very low flux. Here, a single-shot method is presented to retrieve the complete two-dimensional PSF by employing a circular aperture and a back-projection approach similar to computed tomography, which overcomes the issues mentioned above. Additionally, the accuracy of the PSF determination is improved by integrating a sub-pixel-resolution approach. Furthermore, simulations are employed to analyze the method’s susceptibility to noise and to assess its intrinsic accuracy. Lastly, an X-ray detector assembly is characterized with this method to showcase the detailed insights into the system’s aberrations that can be obtained. Since this technique is not restricted to the X-ray regime, it can be applied to characterize detector systems in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This enables the method’s widespread use in the imaging community.
Gas leak detection by measuring dilution of ambient air with differential optical dispersion spectroscopy of oxygen
Authors: Gomółka Grzegorz , Nikodem Michal
Published: December 2024

Gas leak detection is one of the most vital issues in the mining and energy industries. Despite many highly specific and sensitive laser-based spectroscopic systems available on the market, the universal optical gas leak detector is still unattainable. In this paper we demonstrate the laser gas sensing setup capable of indirect detection of virtually any gas leaks using differential optical dispersion spectroscopy of oxygen near 761 nm. A semi-fiber interferometric setup with two multi-pass gas cells yields a signal proportional to the difference in O2 concentrations between two equal optical path length Herriott multipass cells, which is used to detect leaks of the non-absorbent nitrogen by sensing the dilution of atmospheric oxygen. This new kind of sensor could become a substantial contribution to developing gas-related industries, such as hydrogen fuel storage and transmission.
Precision of the acoustic control of single-photon scattering with semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Bogaczewicz Rafał A. , Machnikowski Paweł
Published: December 2024

Acoustic modulation of quantum dots (QDs) allows one to control the scattering of photons. Here we theoretically characterize the degree of this acoustic control in the frequency domain. We formulate the theory of low-intensity resonance fluorescence (RF) in the presence of white noise and show that a high level of control is achievable with a two-tone acoustic field for appropriate settings of modulation amplitudes as long as the noise-induced phase diffusion coefficient remains one order of magnitude smaller than the acoustic frequency. In addition, using a quantitative model of optical signal collection, we determine that the acoustic phase must be stable over 104 to 105 acoustic periods for efficient control.
Measuring vibrations using Doppler shifted frequency modulated continuous-wave LIDAR with single photons
Authors: Staffas Theodor , Wollter Julia , Elshaari Ali W. , Zwiller Val
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate a frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system utilizing a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) to measure vibrational spectra using reflected signals at the single-photon level. By determining the time-variant Doppler shift of the reflected probe signal, this system successfully reconstructs various audio signals, including pure sinusoidal, multi-tonal, and musical signals, up to 200 Hz, limited by the laser frequency modulation rate and the Nyquist sampling theorem. Additionally, we employ scanning galvo mirrors to perform 3D measurements and map audio signals from different regions in the scanned field of view. The integration of an SNSPD provides significant advantages such as near-unity detection efficiency, low dark count rates, and picosecond timing jitter, enabling measurements of vibrational spectra with as few as 100 detected reflected photons per laser sweep.
Coherence- and scattering-universal diffractive neural network for imaging through scattering media
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Horisaki Ryoichi
Published: December 2024

We propose a design method for a diffractive neural network (DNN) for imaging through scattering media, offering robustness against the spatial coherence of illumination, scattering strength, and scattering dynamics. The DNN, composed of layers of diffractive optical elements (DOEs), optically reproduces the intensity distributions of objects behind scattering media without any computational processing. Datasets with various degrees of spatial coherence, scattering strength, and scattering dynamics are provided during the training process to achieve this robustness. We demonstrate the proposed method through numerical calculations and show its promising capability for DOE design. This method unifies and generalizes techniques for imaging through scattering media, which are currently fragmented by specific scenarios, pushing them to a new frontier.
Atomic fluorescence collection into planar photonic devices
Authors: Smedley Orion , Natarajan Vighnesh , Jaramillo Oscar , Rivy Hamim Mahmud , Mehta Karan K.
Published: December 2024

Fluorescence collection from individual emitters plays a key role in state detection and remote entanglement generation, fundamental functionalities in many quantum platforms. Planar photonics have been demonstrated for robust and scalable addressing of trapped-ion systems, motivating consideration of similar elements for the complementary challenge of photon collection. Here, using an argument from the reciprocity principle, we show that far-field photon collection efficiency can be simply expressed in terms of the fields associated with the collection optic at the emitter position alone. We calculate collection efficiencies into ideal paraxial and fully vectorial focused Gaussian modes parameterized in terms of focal waist, and further quantify the modest enhancements possible with more general beam profiles, establishing design requirements for efficient collection. Toward practical implementation, we design, fabricate, and characterize two diffractive collection elements operating at λ = 397 nm; a forward emitting design is predicted to offer 0.25% collection efficiency into a single waveguide mode, while a more efficient reverse-emitting design offers 1.14% collection efficiency, albeit with more demanding fabrication requirements. Close agreement between simulated and measured emission for both designs indicates practicality of these collection efficiencies, and we indicate avenues to improved devices approaching the limits predicted for ideal beams. We point out a particularly simple integrated waveguide configuration for polarization-based remote entanglement generation enabled by integrated collection.
Inflammation and hemostasis in loiasis before and after ivermectin treatment: A biological pilot cross-sectional study
Authors: Lepage Tristan M. , Nzune-Toche Narcisse , Nkwengoua Lucie A. , Nana-Djeunga Hugues C. , Pion Sebastien D. S. , Kamgno Joseph , Boullé Charlotte , Campillo Jérémy T. , Boussinesq Michel , Tayou Claude T. , Chesnais Cédric B.
Published: December 2024

We assessed the impact of loiasis and its treatment with ivermectin on hemostasis and inflammation in 38 adults in Cameroon. Participants were divided into four balanced groups based on their Loa loa microfilarial densities. At baseline, eosinophils and platelets increased with microfilarial densities (p<0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). At day 4 following ivermectin administration, median eosinophils rose from 171/μL to 1,095/μL (p<0.001) and median D-dimers increased from 582 ng/mL to 745 ng/mL (p = 0.024) with a median relative variation of +34.7%. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and alpha-1-globulin also increased significantly after treatment. Ivermectin treatment appeared to induce inflammation, coagulation activation and fibrinolysis.
Evaluation of smartphone-based cough data in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a potential predictor of functional disability
Authors: Rocha Pedro S. , Bento Nuno , Folgado Duarte , Carreiro André V. , Santos Miguel Oliveira , de Carvalho Mamede , Miranda Bruno
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Cough dysfunction is a feature of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The cough sounds carry information about the respiratory system and bulbar involvement. Our goal was to explore the association between cough sound characteristics and the respiratory and bulbar functions in ALS.

Methods

This was a single-center, cross-sectional, and case-control study. On-demand coughs from ALS patients and healthy controls were collected with a smartphone. A total of 31 sound features were extracted for each cough recording using time-frequency signal processing analysis. Logistic regression was applied to test the differences between patients and controls, and in patients with bulbar and respiratory impairment. Support vector machines (SVM) were employed to estimate the accuracy of classifying between patients and controls and between patients with bulbar and respiratory impairment. Multiple linear regressions were applied to examine correlations between cough sound features and clinical variables.

Results

Sixty ALS patients (28 with bulbar dysfunction, and 25 with respiratory dysfunction) and forty age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. Our results revealed clear differences between patients and controls, particularly within the frequency-related group of features (AUC 0.85, CI 0.79–0.91). Similar results were observed when comparing patients with and without bulbar dysfunction. Sound features related to intensity displayed the strongest correlation with disease severity, and were the most significant in distinguishing patients with and without respiratory dysfunction.

Discussion

We found a good relationship between specific cough sound features and clinical variables related to ALS functional disability. The findings relate well with some expected impact from ALS on both respiratory and bulbar contributions to the physiology of cough. Finally, our approach could be relevant for clinical practice, and it also facilitates home-based data collection.
Tumorigenicity decrease in Bcl-xL deficient MDCK cells ensuring the safety for influenza vaccine production
Authors: Zheng Jiahao , Li Boran , Jia Lanxin , Zhang Jiayou , Gong Zheng , Le Yang , Nian Xuanxuan , Li Xuedan , Liu Bo , Yu Daiguan , Zhang Zhegang , Li Changgui
Published: December 2024

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are the recognized cell strain for influenza vaccine production. However, the tumorigenic potential of MDCK cells raises concerns about their use in biological product manufacturing. To reduce MDCK cells’ tumorigenicity and ensure the safety of influenza vaccine production, a B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) gene, which plays a pivotal role in apoptosis regulation, was knocked-out in original MDCK cells by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, so that a homozygous MDCK-Bcl-xL-/- cell strain was acquired and named as BY-02. Compared with original MDCK cells, the proliferation and migration ability of BY-02 were significantly reduced, while apoptosis level was significantly increased, the endogenous mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were also modulated after Bcl-xL knock-out in MDCK cells. For tumor formation assays in nude mouse tests, all ten mice injected with original MDCK cells presented tumors growth in the injection site, in contrast to only one mouse injected with BY-02 cells presented tumors growth. These findings suggest that Bcl-xL knock-down is an effective strategy to inhibit tumor formation in MDCK cells, making BY-02 a promising genetically engineered cell strain for influenza vaccine production.
Economic evaluation of an adjunctive intraocular and peri-ocular steroid vitreoretinal surgery for open globe trauma: Cost-effectiveness of the ASCOT randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ezeofor Victory ‘Segun , Anthony Bethany F. , Bryning Lucy , Casswell Edward J. , Cro Suzie , Cornelius Victoria R. , Bunce Catey , Robertson Elizabeth , Kelly Joanna , Murphy Caroline , Banerjee Philip J. , Charteris David G. , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor
Published: December 2024

Background

In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that 5,000 patients sustain eye injuries or ocular trauma requiring hospital admission annually, of which 250 patients will be permanently blinded. This study explores the cost-effectiveness of Adjunctive Steroid Combination in Ocular Trauma (ASCOT) given during surgery versus standard treatment in vitreoretinal surgery in patients with open globe trauma.

Methods

This economic evaluation was embedded alongside the ASCOT RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02873026). We conducted a primary cost-effectiveness analysis from a National Health Service perspective using the proportion of patients who achieved a visual acuity of 10 or more letter improvement on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale as the measure of effect, in developing incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Secondary cost-utility analysis using the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) to generate a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and a cost-effectiveness analysis using vision-specific quality of life (QoL) was conducted. Sensitivity analyses were also applied to investigate parameter uncertainties.

Results

The sample size of the ASCOT intervention arm and standard care arm of this study was 130 and 129, respectively. The intervention cost per patient was estimated at £132. The proportion of participants with an ETDRS of 10 or more letter improvement was 0.47 for the ASCOT group with a mean cost of £5,526 per patient, while the standard care group had an effect of 0.43 with a mean cost of £5,099 per patient. The ICER value of the primary outcome was £12,178 per 10 or more letter improvement on the ETDRS score. The secondary result in terms of cost per QALYs gained had a probability of 44% being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £30,000/QALY gained.

Conclusions

Though there is no formally accepted cost-effectiveness willingness-to-pay threshold for 10-letter or more improvement, the ASCOT intervention for open globe trauma is a low-cost intervention. The ASCOT intervention is not cost-effective when compared to the standard care in this group and setting. The proportion of patients in the ASCOT intervention arm with 10 or more letter improvement produced some positive results but this is outweighed by the costs.
Collapse risk assessment based on linear programming variable weight-cloud model
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyi , Hu Ke , Zhou Tingqiang
Published: December 2024

Collapse risk assessment is an important basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters in mountainous areas. The existing research on collapse hazard is less, and there is still no further advancement in the evaluation of collapse hazard for the traditional indicator assignment method for the diversification of the assignment results of the indicators and the comprehensive evaluation method that cannot consider the ambiguity and randomness of the indicator data at the same time. In this paper, we utilize the respective advantages of the linear programming theory and the cloud model from the prevention and control point of view, and evaluate the collapse samples. Firstly, the weight interval of evaluation index is determined by improved analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method and coefficient of variation method. Secondly, the linear programming algorithm is used to select the specific weight of each collapse sample when the risk is the largest in the interval. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model of cloud model is constructed to determine the risk level of collapse. In this paper, 20 collapse samples counted by predecessors in G4217 Wenchuan-Lixian section are taken as research cases. The evaluation results of 20 collapse samples are compared with other evaluation methods and field survey conditions to prove the reliability and rationality of the method. The evaluation results show that 13 of the 20 collapse samples are extremely dangerous, 2 are highly dangerous, 4 are moderately dangerous, and 1 is lowly dangerous. Among them, the extremely dangerous collapse samples account for 65% of the total number of collapses. Compared with other methods, this method is more in line with the actual situation.
Level of health literacy and associated factors among Jimma town public high school adolescent students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jatu Merga Garoma , Beyene Desalew Tilahun , W. Senbat Dechasa Befikadu , Alemayehu Tesfaye Asfaw , Hailu Diribsa Tizazu , Jima Serkalem Aschalew , Kitila Midhagsaa Dhinsa , Kebede Ebissa Bayana
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the level of health literacy and its associated factors among Jimma town public high school adolescents, Jimma, Oromia, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2023 among 604 Jimma town public high school adolescents. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered into epidata 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the level of health literacy. P-values less than 0.05 at 95% CI were used to declare statistically significant associations. The results were presented by text, tables and charts as necessary.

Results

From 634 total sample size about 604 participated. About 317 (52.5%) were males. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 19 years, with a mean age of 16.95+1.52. The finding revealed that only 35.26% (95% CI; 31.44, 39.09) of participants had desired health literacy, while 64.74% of them had limited health literacy levels. Age of 18–19 [AOR = 3.99(2.41, 6.60): p<0.001], being in 11–12 grade level [AOR = 2.38(1.44, 3.95); p = 0.001], being from currently employed father [AOR = 4.20(1.98, 8.92); p<0.001] and being from currently employed mother [AOR = 4.54(2.82, 7.31); p<0.001] were factors positively associated with the level of desired health literacy.

Conclusion

Since a significant number of students in our study area had limited health literacy, we recommend schools to integrate a school health service that contains health education services. Moreover, efforts should be undertaken to raise adolescent health literacy for middle adolescents, early adolescents, and students whose families were not employed.
Gaps between Open Science activities and actual recognition systems: Insights from an international survey
Authors: Grattarola Florencia , Shmagun Hanna , Erdmann Christopher , Cambon-Thomsen Anne , Thomsen Mogens , Kim Jaesoo , Mabile Laurence
Published: December 2024

There are global movements aiming to promote reform of the traditional research evaluation and reward systems. However, a comprehensive picture of the existing best practices and efforts across various institutions to integrate Open Science into these frameworks remains underdeveloped and not fully known. The aim of this study was to identify perceptions and expectations of various research communities worldwide regarding how Open Science activities are (or should be) formally recognised and rewarded. To achieve this, a global survey was conducted in the framework of the Research Data Alliance, recruiting 230 participants from five continents and 37 countries. Despite most participants reporting that their organisation had one form or another of formal Open Science policies, the majority indicated that their organisation lacks any initiative or tool that provides specific credits or rewards for Open Science activities. However, researchers from France, the United States, the Netherlands and Finland affirmed having such mechanisms in place. The study found that, among various Open Science activities, Open or FAIR data management and sharing stood out as especially deserving of explicit recognition and credit. Open Science indicators in research evaluation and/or career progression processes emerged as the most preferred type of reward.
DFASGCNS: A prognostic model for ovarian cancer prediction based on dual fusion channels and stacked graph convolution
Authors: Wang Huiqing , Han Xiao , Niu Shuaijun , Cheng Hao , Ren Jianxue , Duan Yimeng
Published: December 2024

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor with different clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Due to its nonspecific early symptoms, the majority of patients are diagnosed with local or extensive metastasis, severely affecting treatment and prognosis. The occurrence of ovarian cancer is influenced by multiple complex mechanisms including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Integrating multiple types of omics data aids in predicting the survival rate of ovarian cancer patients. However, existing methods only fuse multi-omics data at the feature level, neglecting the shared and complementary neighborhood information among samples of multi-omics data, and failing to consider the potential interactions between different omics data at the molecular level. In this paper, we propose a prognostic model for ovarian cancer prediction named Dual Fusion Channels and Stacked Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DFASGCNS). The DFASGCNS utilizes dual fusion channels to learn feature representations of different omics data and the associations between samples. Stacked graph convolutional network is used to comprehensively learn the deep and intricate correlation networks present in multi-omics data, enhancing the model’s ability to represent multi-omics data. An attention mechanism is introduced to allocate different weights to important features of different omics data, optimizing the feature representation of multi-omics data. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to existing methods, the DFASGCNS model exhibits significant advantages in ovarian cancer prognosis prediction and survival analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis results indicate significant differences in the survival subgroups predicted by the DFASGCNS model, contributing to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and providing more reliable auxiliary diagnostic information for the prognosis assessment of ovarian cancer patients.
Sniffer restricts arboviral brain infections by regulating ROS levels and protecting blood-brain barrier integrity in Drosophila and mosquitoes
Authors: Hu Rui , Li Mengzhu , Chen Shulin , Wang Man , Tao Xinjun , Zhu Yihan , Yan Huan , Liu Yuan
Published: December 2024

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans by arthropod vectors and pose a serious threat to global public health. Neurotropic arboviruses including Sindbis virus (SINV) persistently infect the central nervous system (CNS) of vector insects without causing notable pathological changes or affecting their behavior or lifespan. However, the mechanisms by which vector insects evade these viral infections in the brains are poorly understood. In this study, we found that loss of the carbonyl reductase Sniffer (Sni) led to a significant increase in SINV infection in the Drosophila brain. Sni regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and its depletion leads to elevated ROS, which in turn disrupts the septate junctions (SJs) between subperineurial glia (SPG) cells, compromising the integrity and barrier function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Genetic and pharmacological reduction of ROS restored BBB integrity and reduced viral load in the brains of Sni-depleted flies. Additionally, we identified Sni homologs and revealed that the antiviral function of Sni is highly conserved in mosquitoes, where it regulates ROS and protects BBB integrity. Our results revealed an evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanism in which Sni acts as an antioxidant that protects BBB integrity and restricts viral infection in the vector insect brain.
Horror in Finnish children’s cinema and film literacy: A case study of Iris
Authors: Kovanen Marjo
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the cultural and aesthetic meanings of horror elements in Finnish children’s cinema, situating it within a Nordic context. Combining close reading and intertextual analysis of Ulrika Bengts’ Iris (2011), the investigation demonstrates that the horror elements are tonal, aesthetic and thematic, making the film representative of an arthouse-oriented Nordic children’s horror genre that differs in significant respects from Anglo-American children’s horror. The article also discusses the pedagogical potential of children’s films influenced by horror aesthetics and proposes a model that aligns with multiliteracy pedagogy, highlighting the active participation of the audience. This model connects the learners’ perspectives with the analytical process of acquiring film literacy, showcasing flexible approaches to understanding horror elements and their intertextuality in children’s films.
Editorial
Authors: Marklund Anders
Published: December 2024

This issue of Journal of Scandinavian Cinema features a diverse range of articles covering topics from early silent cinema to contemporary genre filmmaking. Highlights include discussions of digital restoration, cinematic influence, Sámi culture, horror in children’s cinema and film literacy. The issue also reviews new research on Carl Th. Dreyer that emphasizes the emotional aspects of his films.
A Comparative Study of Moral Values Education in Public and Religion-Based Kindergartens in Yogyakarta
Authors: Cholimah Nur , Tjiptasari Fitriana , Asih Sri , Hanum Aliyah Latifah
Published: December 2024

Integrating moral values into early childhood education remains a critical issue for educators and policymakers worldwide. This study explores the implementation of moral values education in public and religion-based kindergartens in Yogyakarta. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were gathered through surveys and interviews from a sample of 20 kindergartens, ten public and ten religion-based, across five districts. The research focuses on how core moral values such as politeness, honesty, responsibility, and cooperation are taught and incorporated into daily learning activities. Results indicate that both public and religion-based kindergartens emphasize similar core values, though religion-based institutions place added importance on religious practices like daily prayers. Storytelling is more frequently employed in religion-based kindergartens to teach moral values. In contrast, public kindergartens utilize more diverse strategies, including group activities and discussions. Teachers in public kindergartens often encounter challenges with inconsistency between home and school environments regarding moral education, while those in religion-based kindergartens report difficulties managing children during religious activities. The findings underscore the need for improved home-school collaboration in public kindergartens to ensure consistency in moral education. In contrast, religion-based kindergartens could benefit from adopting more interactive and reflective teaching methods to foster critical thinking in children. Teacher training programs should focus on equipping educators with culturally sensitive strategies for moral education. Although this study offers valuable insights, its findings are geographically limited to Yogyakarta, and future research should broaden the scope to include different regions and assess long-term impacts on children’s moral development.
Educación y compasión
Authors: Díaz Montejo Dori
Published: December 2024

La autocompasión y la compasión son términos no siempre bien interpretados y, a veces, en desuso. Sin embargo, en esta era digital que nos inunda, tenemos el gran reto de trabajar y desarrollar estos valores. Porque, en educación, nadie da lo que no posee y porque de cómo te tratas depende mucho el trato que reciben los demás de ti. Si el aprendizaje se desarrolla en torno a las relaciones humanas, hacer que estas sean mejores, más sanas y en clave de crecimiento positivo es fundamental.
Cultura, identidad y educación en la escuela rural
Authors: Fuentes Susana
Published: December 2024

La desaparición de las escuelas unitarias mixtas en los núcleos de población pequeños ha dado la puntilla demográfica y social a la España vaciada. ¿Se ganó algo en el proceso de “crasificación” de este tipo de centros? Propongo una reflexión sobre el asunto basada en la experiencia, la observación y los datos.
Communication & Professionnalisation (2013-2023)
Authors: De La Broise Patrice
Published: December 2024

L’article propose une revue des thèses et mémoires d’habilitation à diriger des recherches soutenus en France entre 2013 et 2023 problématisant la professionnalisation de la communication. Ce recensement non exhaustif permet de repérer des objets scientifiques problématisés en termes de « mutations », « compétences » et « trajectoires » professionnelles associées aux technologies du « numérique » et saisies dans une triple perspective organisationnelle, médiatique ou politique. D’où il ressort que la professionnalisation renvoie principalement ici aux évolutions observables dans les métiers de l’information et de la communication, notamment dans les trajectoires et identités professionnelles de celles et ceux qui les exercent. Non réductibles à la sociologie d’un groupe professionnel, les organisations – même entendues dans leur diversité sectorielle et statutaire – n’en constituent pas non plus le seul domaine d’investigation. Les communications publique et politique, comme aussi les médias et industries culturelles, ne sont nullement exclus de ces travaux, à l’image de la revue Communication & Professionnalisation et de sa ligne éditoriale sensible à toutes les dynamiques de professionnalisation.
jour où j'ai investi le milieu du conseil
Authors: Trommenschlager Marion
Published: December 2024

Serions-nous en train d’assister, ces dernières années, à une réactualisation de la question de la place du chercheur en sciences humaines et sociales au sein des organisations ? La généralisation des bouleversements organisationnels face aux défis du monde : accélération technique et sociale (Rosa, 2010) ; Crises de légitimité des systèmes traditionnels et décisionnels (grands mouvements de manifestations consécutifs ces cinq dernières années) ; ou encore, plus récemment, la crise sanitaire et sociale, n’est pas sans réveiller la question. En s’attachant à analyser les collaborations entre chercheurs et praticiens des cabinets de conseil indépendants, cette contribution tente d’éclaircir la relation actuelle entre recherche et conseil. Quelles représentations des SHS1 circulent dans les mondes professionnels du conseil ? Quelle responsabilité des chercheurs à se saisir de ces enjeux organisationnels et (ré)intégrer les logiques d’intervention auprès de praticiens ?
السلطات المختصة بحماية الـمحميات الطبيعية على مستوى الدولـة في العراق
Authors: Mohammed Hana k. , Mohammed Sangar D.
Published: December 2024

السلطات المختصة بحماية المحميات الطبيعية على مستوى الدولة هي الهيئات والجهات التي تمتلك السلطة القانونية والمسؤولية عن الحفاظ على البيئة والمحافظة على المناطق الطبيعية المحمية داخل حدود الدولة، يتمثل دور هذه السلطات في تنفيذ السياسات والقوانين التي تهدف إلى الحفاظ على هذه المناطق والموارد الطبيعية التي تحتضنها، تعتبر هذه السلطات مسؤولة عن تحديد المناطق الطبيعية التي تستحق الحماية وتصنيفها بناءً على خصائصها البيئية والبيولوجية، تقوم هذه السلطات بوضع السياسات والقوانين التي تنظم النشاطات داخل المحميات الطبيعية وتشمل هذه السياسات قواعد الاستخدام، والصيد، والزراعة، والتنمية، والسياحة، و تشمل هذه السلطات القيام بأعمال الرصد والمراقبة للحفاظ على حالة المحميات الطبيعية والتصدي لأي تهديدات بيئية محتملة، مثل التلوث والصيد غير المشروع.و تقوم هذه السلطات بالعمل على زيادة الوعي البيئي لدى الجمهور والمجتمع المحلي بشأن أهمية المحميات الطبيعية وكيفية الحفاظ عليها، و جدير بالذكر تعمل هذه السلطات على التعاون مع منظمات دولية وغيرها من الدول لحماية المحميات الطبيعية عبر الحدود وتبادل المعرفة والخبرات، و أيضا تقوم هذه السلطات بدعم البحث العلمي والتنمية التكنولوجية لفهم أفضل للبيئة وتطوير استراتيجيات أفضل للحفاظ على المحميات الطبيعية. بشكل عام، تهدف السلطات المختصة بحماية المحميات الطبيعية إلى الحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي والبيئة الطبيعية وضمان استدامتهما للأجيال الحالية والمستقبلية، تؤدي هذه السلطات دورًا مهمًا في الحفاظ على الطبيعة والمحافظة على التوازن البيئي.
Analysis of Definite and Indefinite Article Usage in Students' Paragraphs
Authors: FaqeAbdulla Baraat I.
Published: December 2024

Although they are among the most basic words in the English language, articles make writing difficult for EFL and ESL students. This study looks into how students use definite and indefinite articles in their paragraphs. What is the frequency of definite and indefinite articles in first-year English majors' paragraphs at Salahaddin University's College of Education? To what extent are students accurate in their use of definite and indefinite articles? are the main questions under investigation. The study aims to identify the frequency of definite and indefinite articles in 35 paragraphs written by English majors in their first year at Salahaddin University's College of Education, Erbil, Iraq, in the academic year 2022-2023. The study utilizes conceptual content analysis to ascertain the frequency of articles through descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that first-year English majors struggle to use articles correctly in their writing. They struggle to consistently use definite and indefinite articles appropriately. The results of this study will be significant for both researchers and language instructors. Understanding students' use of definite and indefinite articles can provide valuable insights into potential problems or areas requiring additional instruction. The results of this study have the potential to influence curriculum design and language teaching strategies, ultimately enhancing English language learning and proficiency among EFL and ESL students. Keywords: analysis, definite articles, indefinite articles, students’ paragraphs.
The effect of Unsystemized ESP Course on the Students’ Motivation and achievement
Authors: Najmaddin Shler M. , Hama Sur Shilan A. , Mohammed Burhan A.
Published: December 2024

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has great significance in undergraduate classes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since English is generally used for academic aims. In the Kurdistan Region Technical Institutes, Departments of Administration, an ESP course is taught under the name of “Administrative Readings in English". The design of the course curriculum is not based on a “needs analysis” i.e. the students’ capacity, needs, and interests have not been considered in selecting the resources and method of teaching. The aim of this study is to find out how this course affects the students’ motivation and language proficiency in Darbandikhan and Kalar Institutes, Sulaimani Polytechnic University given the fact that no studies have been conducted to assess the motivation and achievement of students in ESP courses in this area especially in the institutes. Data collection was done through conducting pre- and post- tests to assess the students’ motivation and achievements. The participants of the study were 126 first-year students. They were asked to fill in a questionnaire prior and subsequent to the course to determine their pre and post attitudes about the English course. The results revealed that the students scarcely made any improvement in their General English and Basic Administration. However, in general, they approved of the English classes and their motivation increased. It can be concluded that a systemized ESP is mandatory to improve students’ English proficiency.
Long-term (1951–2023) surface changes of the Belvedere Glacier observed through aerial and UAV orthophotos
Authors: Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Bollati Irene Maria , Pelfini Manuela , Valzasina Stefano , Brodský Lukáš
Published: December 2024

Glacier retreat is a key indicator of climate change, with significant implications for geomorphological hazards and ecosystem stability. This article focuses on the surface evolution of the Belvedere Glacier from 1951 to 2023. Using high-resolution orthophotos and manual mapping, we tracked changes in the glacier’s area and shape over time. The results show three significant phases of change: the separation of the Nordend Glacier from the Belvedere Glacier (1951–1991), the partial separation of the central accumulation basin from the debris-covered tongue (2006–2015), and the separation of the Locce Nord Glacier (2018–2021). These changes, combined with a surge event from 1999 to 2002, have significantly altered the glacier’s dynamics and accelerated its retreat. Manual mapping was accurate in areas with scarce debris cover but faced challenges in debris-covered areas due to limited image resolution, snow cover, and debris characteristics. Despite these difficulties, we observed that the glacier remained stable until the late 1990s, when it began a rapid retreat. This recent retreat is consistent with rates observed in the early 20th century. The study highlights the importance of surface mapping to quantify the areal loss and to understand broader changes in glacier structure and mass flow that drive its retreat. Our results provide key data for future studies and highlight the need for continued monitoring of Alpine glaciers in the context of accelerating climate change.
Introduction. Between Health and Illness. Literary conceptualizations of physical and mental suffering in contemporary Nordic literature
Authors: Cymbrykiewicz Joanna , Zańko Aldona
Published: December 2024

The present text serves as an introduction to the special issue of Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia, “Between Health and Illness,” which is devoted to contemporary discourse on health and illness in Nordic literatures. Even though Scandinavian countries rank highest in happiness and well-being, illness as a literary motif maintains constant popularity and interest among both writers and scholars. The editors provide brief presentations of each contribution, some of which originate from conference speeches held in December 2022 in Poznań.
Sygdommen satte spor i os. Den pårørendes afsøgning af kropslige grænser og identitet i Hanne Ørstaviks Ti Amo (2020) og Amalie Smiths I CIVIL (2012)
Authors: Dall Sidsel Boysen
Published: December 2024

Caring, writing and the desire for knowledge are deeply intertwined phenomena in Amalie Smith’s poetry collection I CIVIL and Hanne Ørstavik’s novel Ti Amo, both of which portray women in romantic relations with men who are cancer patients. Through depictions of the women’s initial attempts to maintain the closeness to their partners, the books explore the relational and somatic borderland between symbiosis and separation from the perspective of two informal caregivers. Taking a Lacanian approach, this borderland can be understood as a passage from the symbolic to the real which the women gain access to through their intense desire for knowledge and bodily experiences of jouissance and abjection. As informal caregivers for men who are unlikely to survive their illness, the women experience conflicting relational desires for both intimacy and distance. This article investigates how the passage from the symbolic to the real reintroduces the women to relational challenges from an early developmental stage and thus helps them solve the aforementioned conflict.
Patologins teologi. Om sjukdom, synd och frälsning hos Birgitta Trotzig
Authors: Bak Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

This article has two aims. Firstly, it makes an attempt to shed new light on the representation of sickness in Birgitta Trotzig’s (1929–2011) writings. Secondly, the article, by using its analyses of Trotzig, tries to draw some theoretical conclusions concerning the possibilities of applying a theology of pathology in literary studies. While earlier scholars have interpreted Trotzig’s depiction of sickness by means of secular intertexts, the starting point of this article is Trotzig’s adopting of Christian anthropology as her untranscendable hermeneutic horizon. Thus, it is argued, sickness in her writings should primarily be related to theological contexts. By close reading of a representative text passage, the opening scene of Trotzig’s best known novel Dykungens dotter (The Marsh King’s Daughter, 1985), the article explores which contexts within Christian theology of sickness that would be specially fertile for an interpretation of her sickness discourse. The analyses reveal four theological notions of sickness as intertextually present in Trotzig’s narration: Augustine’s concupiscence, Sören Kierkegaard’s dispair, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s decomposition, and Eugen Drewermann’s neurosis. The main theoretical conclusions of the analyses are: (a) that the theological notions of sickness to a high degree differ from a ”natural” experience as well as from the biblical sources, (b) that these notions can contradict each other and generate conceptual conflicts, and (c) that the notions therefore, when applied in literary studies, demand strong hermeneutic control.
The impact of divergent language policies on teachers’ language attitudes and proficiency in two multilingual education settings
Authors: Bier Ada , Lasagabaster David
Published: December 2024

This paper reports on a study on in-service and pre-service teachers’ language attitudes and perceived proficiency in two multilingual education contexts: the Basque Autonomous Community (Spain) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). The total sample was made up of 1,094 participants (553 pre-service teachers, 541 in-service teachers). Data were collected by means of the same questionnaire used in a study published in 2007, which this research replicates. The cross-country comparison highlights the impact of diverse language policies; the Basque Autonomous Community shows robust support for the minority language, Basque, in contrast to Friuli Venezia Giulia’s less supportive approach to Friulian. Similarities include teachers’ high perceived proficiency in the State language (Spanish and Italian respectively) and positive views on multilingualism (including the minority, the majority and English as a foreign language). Notably, in-service teachers express more favorable attitudes than their pre-service counterparts towards the minority language, but less favorable towards the State language. With this study, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on multilingualism within an educational system that embraces multiple languages, aiming to provide potentially valuable insights for policy and teacher training practice.
Advanced titanium implants: combating corrosion and infection with cutting-edge coatings
Authors: Pantović Pavlović Marijana R. , Ignjatović Nenad L. , Gudić Senka , Bilušić Ante , Mladenović Dragana , Vrsalović Ladislav , Pavlović Miroslav M.
Published: December 2024

The presented research investigates the corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and amorphous calcium phosphate–chitosan (ACP@ChOL) coatings enriched with selenium on titanium in simulated body fluid (SBF). Using potentiodynamic polarization techniques, it was sought to derive essential corrosion parameters – corrosion potential, corrosion current density, breakdown potential, and passivation current. This study pioneers a comparative analysis of the corrosion stability of both samples. SEM/EDS analysis of surfaces pre- and postpotentiodynamic measurements offered insights into morphology and elemental composition. The aim was to elucidate the corrosion mechanism by integrating these techniques. Additionally, spontaneous corrosion behavior over 7 days, monitoring changes in open circuit potential, polarization resistance, and impedance were investigated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial efficacy of ACP@ChOL enriched with Se on titanium was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, as well as in vitro release of Se. The presented study extends understanding, offering a unique perspective on the corrosion behavior and antimicrobial attributes of ACP@ChOL coatings enriched with Se on titanium. This composite material exhibits promise for medical applications, presenting an innovative avenue for addressing corrosion concerns and potentially reducing antibiotic reliance.
‘The darker angels of our nature’: Early Bronze Age butchered human remains from Charterhouse Warren, Somerset, UK
Authors: Schulting Rick J. , Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Ordoño Javier , Brock Fiona , Kellow Ashleigh , Snoeck Christophe , Cartwright Ian R. , Walker David , Loe Louise , Audsley Tony
Published: December 2024

Direct physical evidence for violent interpersonal conflict is seen only sporadically in the archaeological record for prehistoric Britain. Human remains from Charterhouse Warren, south-west England, therefore present a unique opportunity for the study of mass violence in the Early Bronze Age. At least 37 men, women and children were killed and butchered, their disarticulated remains thrown into a 15m-deep natural shaft in what is, most plausibly, interpreted as a single event. The authors examine the physical remains and debate the societal tensions that could motivate a level and scale of violence that is unprecedented in British prehistory.
Galleys and gameboards: graffiti at the Prigione del Castello, Noto Antica, Sicily
Authors: Anthony Alexander W. , Hassam Stephan
Published: December 2024

The Central Mediterranean Penal Heritage Project (CMPHP) employs remote-sensing techniques to study and preserve archaeological remains of human confinement. Within this larger project, digital photogrammetry was used to document part of the castle prison in Noto Antica to identify and digitally preserve graffiti depicting galleys and gameboards.
Roman Silchester and beyond
Authors: Holbrook Neil
Published: December 2024

These two volumes arise from Michael Fulford's career-long programme of fieldwork research at the Roman town of Silchester, which is 80km west of London at the intersection of two important roads. The Little London report is part of a wider project examining the developments that took place at Silchester in the first few decades of the Roman occupation of Britain. It is concerned with the excavation of pottery and tile kilns 3km from the city. Oppidum to Roman city is the final volume of five describing the excavations between 1997 and 2014 within insula IX in the heart of the city.