bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onion-like multilayered polymer capsules synthesized by a bioinspired inside-out technique
Authors: Zarket Brady C. , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: July 2017

Diverse structures in nature, such as the spinal disc and the onion have many concentric layers, and are created starting from the core and proceeding outwards. Here, we demonstrate an inside-out technique for creating multilayered polymer capsules. First, an initiator-loaded gel core is placed in a solution of monomer 1. The initiator diffuses outward and induces polymerization, leading to a shell of polymer 1. Thereafter, the core-shell structure is loaded with fresh initiator and placed in monomer 2, which causes a concentric shell of polymer 2 to form around the first shell. This process can be repeated to form multiple layers, each of a distinct polymer, and of controlled layer thickness. We show that these multilayered capsules can exhibit remarkable mechanical resilience as well as stimuli-responsive properties. The release of solutes from these capsules can be tailored to follow specific profiles depending on the chemistry and order of adjacent layers.
Modulation of the tick gut milieu by a secreted tick protein favors Borrelia burgdorferi colonization
Authors: Narasimhan Sukanya , Schuijt Tim J. , Abraham Nabil M. , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Coumou Jeroen , Graham Morven , Robson Andrew , Wu Ming-Jie , Daffre Sirlei , Hovius Joppe W. , Fikrig Erol
Published: July 2017

The Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, colonizes the gut of the tick Ixodes scapularis, which transmits the pathogen to vertebrate hosts including humans. Here we show that B. burgdorferi colonization increases the expression of several tick gut genes including pixr, encoding a secreted gut protein with a Reeler domain. RNA interference-mediated silencing of pixr, or immunity against PIXR in mice, impairs the ability of B. burgdorferi to colonize the tick gut. PIXR inhibits bacterial biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Abrogation of PIXR function in vivo results in alterations in the gut microbiome, metabolome and immune responses. These alterations influence the spirochete entering the tick gut in multiple ways. PIXR abrogation also impairs larval molting, indicative of its role in tick biology. This study highlights the role of the tick gut in actively managing its microbiome, and how this impacts B. burgdorferi colonization of its arthropod vector.
Ex vivo pretreatment of human vessels with siRNA nanoparticles provides protein silencing in endothelial cells
Authors: Cui Jiajia , Qin Lingfeng , Zhang Junwei , Abrahimi Parwiz , Li Hong , Li Guangxin , Tietjen Gregory T. , Tellides George , Pober Jordan S. , Mark Saltzman W.
Published: July 2017

Human endothelial cells are initiators and targets of the rejection response. Pre-operative modification of endothelial cells by small interfering RNA transfection could shape the nature of the host response post-transplantation. Ablation of endothelial cell class II major histocompatibility complex molecules by small interfering RNA targeting of class II transactivator can reduce the capacity of human endothelial cells to recruit and activate alloreactive T cells. Here, we report the development of small interfering RNA-releasing poly(amine-co-ester) nanoparticles, distinguished by their high content of a hydrophobic lactone. We show that a single transfection of small interfering RNA targeting class II transactivator attenuates major histocompatibility complex class II expression on endothelial cells for at least 4 to 6 weeks after transplantation into immunodeficient mouse hosts. Furthermore, silencing of major histocompatibility complex class II reduces allogeneic T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that poly(amine-co-ester) nanoparticles, potentially administered during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion of human organs, could be used to modify endothelial cells with a sustained effect after transplantation.
The contribution of hydrogen evolution processes during corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation coupled with real-time hydrogen measurement
Authors: Laurent Christophe , Scenini Fabio , Monetta Tullio , Bellucci Francesco , Curioni Michele
Published: July 2017

Water reduction, which leads to the evolution of hydrogen, is a key cathodic process for corrosion of many metals of technological interest such as magnesium, aluminium, and zinc; and its understanding is critical for design of new alloys or protective treatments. In this work, real-time hydrogen evolution measurement was coupled with potentiodynamic measurements on high-purity aluminium and AA2024-T3 aluminium alloy. The results show that both materials exhibit superfluous hydrogen evolution during anodic polarisation and that the presence of cathodically active alloying elements enhances hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, it was observed for the first time that superfluous hydrogen evolution also occurs during cathodic polarisation. Both the anodic and cathodic behaviours can be rationalised by a model assuming that superfluous hydrogen evolution occurs locally where the naturally formed oxide is disrupted. Specifically, during anodic polarisation, oxide disruption is due to the combined presence of chloride ions and acidification, whereas during cathodic polarisation, such disruption is due to alkalinisation. Furthermore, the presence of cathodically active alloying elements enhances superfluous hydrogen evolution in response to either anodic or cathodic polarisation, and results in ‘cathodic activation’ of the dissolved regions.
Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) induces treatment-resistant epileptic seizures in zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Vanmeert Michiel , Siekierska Aleksandra , Ny Annelii , John Jubi , Callewaert Geert , Lescrinier Eveline , Dehaen Wim , de Witte Peter A. M. , Kaminski Rafal M.
Published: July 2017

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal, excessive and synchronous neuronal activities in the brain. It affects approximately 65 million people worldwide, one third of which are still estimated to suffer from refractory seizures. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) that converts glutamate into GABA is a key enzyme in the dynamic regulation of neural network excitability. Importantly, clinical evidence shows that lowered GAD activity is associated with several forms of epilepsy which are often treatment resistant. In the present study, we synthetized and explored the possibility of using ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP), a lipid-permeable GAD-inhibitor, to induce refractory seizures in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrate that EKP evoked robust convulsive locomotor activities, excessive epileptiform discharges and upregulatedc-fosexpression in zebrafish. Moreover, transgenic animals in which neuronal cells express apoaequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive bioluminescent photoprotein, displayed large luminescence signals indicating strong EKP-induced neuronal activation. Molecular docking data indicated that this proconvulsant activity resulted from the direct inhibition of both gad67 and gad65. Limited protective efficacy of tested anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) demonstrated a high level of treatment resistance of EKP-induced seizures. We conclude that the EKP zebrafish model can serve as a high-throughput platform for novel ASDs discovery.
Single-shot Monitoring of Ultrafast Processes via X-ray Streaking at a Free Electron Laser
Authors: Buzzi Michele , Makita Mikako , Howald Ludovic , Kleibert Armin , Vodungbo Boris , Maldonado Pablo , Raabe Jörg , Jaouen Nicolas , Redlin Harald , Tiedtke Kai , Oppeneer Peter M. , David Christian , Nolting Frithjof , Lüning Jan
Published: July 2017

The advent of x-ray free electron lasers has extended the unique capabilities of resonant x-ray spectroscopy techniques to ultrafast time scales. Here, we report on a novel experimental method that allows retrieving with a single x-ray pulse the time evolution of an ultrafast process, not only at a few discrete time delays, but continuously over an extended time window. We used a single x-ray pulse to resolve the laser-induced ultrafast demagnetisation dynamics in a thin cobalt film over a time window of about 1.6 ps with an excellent signal to noise ratio. From one representative single shot measurement we extract a spin relaxation time of (130 ± 30) fs with an average value, based on 193 single shot events of (113 ± 20) fs. These results are limited by the achieved experimental time resolution of 120 fs, and both values are in excellent agreement with previous results and theoretical modelling. More generally, this new experimental approach to ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy paves the way to the study of non-repetitive processes that cannot be investigated using traditional repetitive pump-probe schemes.
Vertical Paper Analytical Devices Fabricated Using the Principles of Quilling and Kirigami
Authors: Gao Bingbing , Chi Junjie , Liu Hong , Gu Zhongze
Published: July 2017

Here we report the vertical paper analytical devices (vPADs) fabricated using the principles of quilling and kirigami. What differentiates the vPADs from conventional paper microfluidic devices is that the paper substrate used to fabricate the device is placed vertically to the device plane. The fabrication of vPADs with high precision is instrument-free, requiring no photolithography, printing or heating. Two- and three-dimensional vPADs are fabricated for multiplex colorimetric assays of four biochemical indicators and automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human myoglobin, respectively.
ADAMTS-13 regulates neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Alflen Astrid , Prüfer Steve , Ebner Katharina , Reuter Sebastian , Aranda Lopez Pamela , Scharrer Inge , Banno Fumiaki , Stassen Michael , Schild Hansjörg , Jurk Kerstin , Bosmann Markus , Beckert Hendrik , Radsak Markus P.
Published: July 2017

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is secreted as an acute phase protein during inflammation. ADAMTS-13 regulates the size and prothrombotic activity of VWF by it’s specific proteolytic activity. To determine the relevance of this regulatory pathway for the innate inflammatory response by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), we employed a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) where PMN functionality is crucial for fungal clearance and survival. IPA was induced by intratracheal application of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) conidia in wildtype (129/Sv/Pas) or ADAMTS-13 deficient (Adamts13−/−) mice. While neutropenic mice developed lethal IPA, all wildtype mice survived the infection. In contrast to wildtype or VWF deficient mice, Adamts13−/− mice displayed more severe signs of disease with a lethal course in 24% with an increased fungal burden and signs of acute lung injury. Histology sections demonstrated a more pronounced perivascular leukocyte infiltration in support of a dysregulated inflammatory response in Adamts13−/− mice. Importantly, we observed no general defect in the activation of neutrophil functions in response to conidia or hyphae in vitro. Therefore, we conclude that the proteolytic regulation of VWF by ADAMTS-13 or ADAMTS-13 by itself is an important mechanism to control PMN recruitment in acute inflammatory processes, such as fungal pneumonias.
Controlling Plateau-Rayleigh instabilities during the reorganization of silicon macropores in the Silicon Millefeuille process
Authors: Garín M. , Jin C. , Cardador D. , Trifonov T. , Alcubilla R.
Published: July 2017

The reorganization through high-temperature annealing of closely-packed pore arrays can be exploited to create ultra-thin (<20 µm) monocrystalline silicon layers that can work as cheap and flexible substrates for both the electronic and the photovoltaic industries. By introducing a periodic diameter modulation along deep etched pores, many thin layers can be produced from a single substrate and in a single technological process. Besides the periodicity, the exact shape of the modulation also has a profound impact on the process and subtle profile changes can lead to important differences on the process outcome. In this paper we study both theoretically and experimentally the effect of the initial profile on the pore reorganization dynamics and the morphology of the thin layers obtained through annealing. We show that process reliability, annealing time and final layer characteristics, all can be engineered and optimized by precisely controlling the initial pore profile.
SERS Investigation of Cancer Cells Treated with PDT: Quantification of Cell Survival and Follow-up
Authors: Veloso A. B. , Longo J. P. F. , Muehlmann L. A. , Tollstadius B. F. , Souza P. E. N. , Azevedo R. B. , Morais P. C. , da Silva S. W.
Published: July 2017

In this study Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) data recorded from mouse mammary glands cancer cells (4T1 cell line) was used to assess information regarding differences between control, death and viable cells after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment. The treatment used nanoemulsions (NE/PS) loaded with different chloroaluminumphthalocyanine (ClAlP) photosensitizer (PS) contents (5 and 10 µmol × L−1) and illumination (660 nm wavelength) at 10 J × cm−2 (10 minutes). The SERS data revealed significant molecular alterations in proteins and lipids due to the PDT treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the data recorded. Three-dimensional and well reproductive PCA scatter plots were obtained, revealing that two clusters of dead cells were well separated from one another and from control cluster. Overlap between two clusters of viable cells was observed, though well separated from control cluster. Moreover, the data analysis also pointed out necrosis as the main cell death mechanism induced by the PDT, in agreement with the literature. Finally, Raman modes peaking at 608 cm−1 (proteins) and 1231 cm−1 (lipids) can be selected for follow up of survival rate of neoplastic cells after PDT. We envisage that this finding is key to contribute to a quick development of quantitative infrared thermography imaging.
What Hong-Ou-Mandel interference says on two-photon frequency entanglement
Authors: Barbieri Marco , Roccia Emanuele , Mancino Luca , Sbroscia Marco , Gianani Ilaria , Sciarrino Fabio
Published: July 2017

Not much, in the end. Here we put forward some considerations on how Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry provides signatures of frequency entanglement in the two-photon state produced by parametric down-conversion. We find that some quantitative information can be inferred in the limit of long-pulse pumping, while the short-pulse limit remains elusive.
Heterogeneous TiO2@Nb2O5 composite as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yubin , Lin Liwei , Zhang Weifeng , Wei Mingdeng
Published: July 2017

Heterogeneous TiO2@Nb2O5 composites, in which TiO2 nanoparticles were evenly embedded on ultrathin Nb2O5 nanosheets, were used as anode materials for LIBs and demonstrated high capacities and excellent rate capability. For instance, this material displayed large capacities of 166.3 and 129.1 mA h g−1 at current densities of 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 5 A g−1 after 300 cycles, respectively.
Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Current and Hydrogen Production of (MoS2-TiO2)/Au Hybrids
Authors: Li Ying-Ying , Wang Jia-Hong , Luo Zhi-Jun , Chen Kai , Cheng Zi-Qiang , Ma Liang , Ding Si-Jing , Zhou Li , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: July 2017

Three component hybrid (MoS2-TiO2)/Au substrate is fabricated by loading plasmonic Au nanorods on the MoS2 nanosheets coated TiO2 nanorod arrays. It is used for photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell and photocatalyst for hydrogen generation. Owing to the charge transfer between the MoS2-TiO2 hetero-structure, the PEC current density and hydrogen generation of TiO2 nanoarrays are enhanced 2.8 and 2.6 times. The broadband photochemical properties are further enhanced after Au nanorods loading. The plasmon resonance of Au nanorods provides more effective light-harvesting, induces hot-electron injection, and accelerates photo-excited charges separation. The results have suggested a route to construct nanohybrid by combining one-dimensional arrays and two-dimensional nanosheets, meanwhile have successfully utilized plasmonic nanorods as a sensitizer to improve the photochemical properties of the semiconductor nanocomposite.
Elp3 and Dph3 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mediate cellular stress responses through tRNALys UUU modifications
Authors: Villahermosa Desirée , Fleck Oliver
Published: July 2017

Efficient protein synthesis in eukaryotes requires diphthamide modification of translation elongation factor eEF2 and wobble uridine modifications of tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, these processes are important for preventing neurological and developmental defects and cancer. In this study, we usedSchizosaccharomyces pombeas a model to analyse mutants defective in eEF2 modification (dph1Δ), in tRNA modifications (elp3Δ), or both (dph3Δ) for sensitivity to cytotoxic agents and thermal stress. Thedph3Δandelp3Δmutants were sensitive to a range of drugs and had growth defects at low temperature.dph3Δwas epistatic withdph1Δfor sensitivity to hydroxyurea and methyl methanesulfonate, and withelp3Δfor methyl methanesulfonate and growth at 16 °C. Thedph1Δanddph3Δdeletions rescued growth defects ofelp3Δin response to thiabendazole and at 37 °C. Elevated tRNALysUUUlevels suppressed theelp3Δphenotypes and some of thedph3Δphenotypes, indicating that lack of tRNALysUUUmodifications were responsible. Furthermore, we found positive genetic interactions ofelp3Δanddph3Δwithsty1Δandatf1Δ, indicating that Elp3/Dph3-dependent tRNA modifications are important for efficient biosynthesis of key factors required for accurate responses to cytotoxic stress conditions.
Effects of irrigation water salinity on evapotranspiration modified by leaching fractions in hot pepper plants
Authors: Qiu Rangjian , Liu Chunwei , Wang Zhenchang , Yang Zaiqiang , Jing Yuanshu
Published: July 2017

We investigated whether leaching fraction (LF) is able to modify the effects of irrigation water salinity (ECiw) on evapotranspiration (ET). We conducted an experiment with a completely randomized block design using five levels of ECiw and two LFs. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of drainage water (ECdw) in an LF of 0.29 was considerably higher during the 21–36 days after transplanting (DAT), and considerably lower after 50 DAT than in an LF of 0.17. The hourly, nighttime, daily, cumulative and seasonal ET all decreased considerably as a result of an increase in the ECiw. The daily ET started to be considerably higher in the LF of 0.29 than in the LF of 0.17 from 65 DAT. Compared with the LF of 0.17, the seasonal ET in the LF of 0.29 under various ECiw levels increased by 4.8%–8.7%. The Maas and Hoffman and van Genuchten and Hoffman models both corresponded well with the measured relative seasonal ET and the LF had no marked effects on these model parameters. Collectively, an increase in the level of ECiw always decreased the ET substantially. An increase in the LF increased the ET considerably, but there was a time lag.
Two new species of Endocarpon (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) from China
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Meng , Wang Yan-Yan , Wang Zhi-Jun , Wei Xin-Li , Wei Jiang-Chun
Published: July 2017

Endocarpon species are key components of biological soil crusts. Phenotypic and systematic molecular analyses were carried out to identify samples of Endocarpon collected from the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert in China. These morphological and molecular analyses revealed two previously undescribed species that form highly supported independent monophyletic clades within Endocarpon. The new taxa were named Endocarpon deserticola sp. nov. and E. unifoliatum sp. nov. Furthermore, our results indicated that the newly developed protein coding markers adenylate kinase (ADK) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme h (UCEH) are useful for assessing species boundaries in phylogenic analyses.
Non-invasive in vivo determination of viable islet graft volume by 111In-exendin-3
Authors: Eter Wael A. , Van der Kroon Inge , Andralojc Karolina , Buitinga Mijke , Willekens Stefanie M. A. , Frielink Cathelijne , Bos Desiree , Joosten Lieke , Boerman Otto C. , Brom Maarten , Gotthardt Martin
Published: July 2017

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the duration of long-term graft survival is limited due to inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory processes and routine clinical tests are not suitable to monitor islet survival. 111In-exendin-SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) is a promising method to non-invasively image islets after transplantation and has the potential to help improve the clinical outcome. Whether 111In-exendin-SPECT allows detecting small differences in beta-cell mass (BCM) and measuring the actual volume of islets that were successfully engrafted has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the performance of 111In-exendin-SPECT using an intramuscular islet transplantation model in C3H mice. In vivo imaging of animals transplanted with 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 islets revealed an excellent linear correlation between SPECT quantification of 111In-exendin uptake and insulin-positive area of islet transplants, demonstrating that 111In-exendin-SPECT specifically and accurately measures BCM. The high sensitivity of the method allowed measuring small differences in graft volumes, including grafts that contained less than 50 islets. The presented method is reliable, convenient and holds great potential for non-invasive monitoring of BCM after islet transplantation in humans.
Anti-allergic activity of glycyrrhizic acid on IgE-mediated allergic reaction by regulation of allergy-related immune cells
Authors: Han Shiwen , Sun Lu , He Feng , Che Huilian
Published: July 2017

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the major bioactive triterpene glycoside of glycyrrhiza, has been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. However, few studies have examined the anti-allergic activity and exact mechanism of action of GA. In the present work, the anti-allergic activity and possible mechanisms of action of GA on an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic reaction has been studied using three models of allergic reactionin vivoandin vitro. Active systemic allergic reaction in Balb/c mice showed that GA can suppress the increased level of IL-4 to restore the immune balance of TH1/TH2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, GA attenuated significantly the B cells producing allergen-specific IgE and IgG1partly because of the low levels of TH2 cytokines. Both passive cutaneous anaphylaxisin vivoand an RBL-2H3 cell-based immunological assayin vitroindicated that GA acted as a “mast cell stabilizer”, as it inhibited mast cell degranulation and decreased vascular permeability by inhibiting the expression of Orai1, STIM1 and TRPC1, which blocked extracellular Ca2+influxes. The current study suggests that GA may serve as an effective anti-allergic agent derived from food for the prevention and treatment of IgE-mediated allergic reaction.
Intramolecular ipso-arylative cyclization of aryl-alkynoates and N-arylpropiolamides with aryldiazonium salts through merged gold/visible light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Bansode Avinash H. , Shaikh Samir R. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: July 2017

A visible-light-promoted merged gold/photoredox catalyzed ipso-arylative cyclization has been reported.
Electrochemical control of the switching process of photochromic dimethyldihydropyrene derivatives
Authors: Bakkar A. , Lafolet F. , Boggio-Pasqua M. , Jouvenot D. , Saint-Aman E. , Cobo S.
Published: July 2017

The electrochemical control of the isomerization process of a photo switchable dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) derivative has been investigated.
Highlights from Kaleidoscope: A Discussion Meeting in Chemistry, Goa, India, July 2016
Authors: Dasgupta J. , Datta A. , Venkatramani R.
Published: July 2017

In this report, we provide an overview of the topics covered and the ensuing scientific discussions during Kaleidoscope-2016, an annual gathering of young Indian investigators working in various fields of chemistry and allied areas.
Characterization of secondary phosphine oxide ligands on the surface of iridium nanoparticles
Authors: Cano Israel , Martínez-Prieto Luis M. , Fazzini Pier F. , Coppel Yannick , Chaudret Bruno , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M.
Published: July 2017

The coordination mode of secondary phosphine oxide ligands on the surface of iridium nanoparticle catalysts was elucidated by solid-state NMR.
The effect of defects on the catalytic activity of single Au atom supported carbon nanotubes and reaction mechanism for CO oxidation
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Fu Liu Tian , Lian Zan , Li Bo , Sheng Su Dang
Published: July 2017

The mechanism of CO oxidation by O2on a single Au atom supported on pristine, mono atom vacancy (m), di atom vacancy (di) and the Stone Wales defect (SW) on single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) surface is systematically investigated theoretically using density functional theory.
Constructing heterostructured Li–Fe–Ni–Mn–O cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: effective improvement of ultrafast lithium storage
Authors: Zhao Taolin , Zhou Na , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xue Qing , Wang Yuhua , Yang Minli , Li Li , Chen Renjie
Published: July 2017

A heterostructured Li–Fe–Ni–Mn–O cathode material with layered/spinel phases shows superior ultrafast lithium storage capability.
Reply to comment on “Brownian diffusion of a particle at an air/liquid interface: elastic (not viscous) response of the surface”
Authors: Toro-Mendoza Jhoan , Rodriguez-Lopez Gieberth , Paredes-Altuve Oscar
Published: July 2017

In a Comment on our article “Brownian diffusion of a particle at an air/liquid interface: Elastic (not viscous) response of the surface”, Boniello et al. pointed out their disagreement with our argument that the elastic drag of the surface affects the particle dynamics.
Red/near-infrared/short-wave infrared multi-band persistent luminescence in Pr3+-doped persistent phosphors
Authors: Liang Yanjie , Liu Feng , Chen Yafei , Wang Xianli , Sun Kangning , Pan Zhengwei
Published: July 2017

MgGeO3:Pr3+ and CdSiO3:Pr3+ red/near-infrared/short-wave infrared multi-band persistent phosphors exhibit long-lasting (>120 h) afterglow at 625 nm, 900 nm and 1085 nm.
A hydrophilic inorganic framework based on a sandwich polyoxometalate: unusual chemoselectivity for aldehydes/ketones with in situ generated hydroxylamine
Authors: Xing Songzhu , Han Qiuxia , Shi Zhuolin , Wang Shugai , Yang PeiPei , Wu Qiang , Li Mingxue
Published: July 2017

A green catalyst provides a synergistical catalytic way to synthesize an oxime from aldehyde/ketone by nucleophilic addition of in situ generated hydroxylamine and further promote its rearrangement into nitrile/amide in hydrosolvent.
Long-range transport clusters and positive matrix factorization source apportionment for investigating transboundary PM2.5in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Molnár Peter , Tang Lin , Sjöberg Karin , Wichmann Janine
Published: July 2017

Contribution of PM2.5from different sources and areas.
Ultraviolet photo-oxidation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coatings on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Louie Stacey M. , Gorham Justin M. , Tan Jiaojie , Hackley Vincent A.
Published: July 2017

This study identifies photo-transformations of polyvinylpyrrolidone coatings on gold nanoparticles and evaluates implications for the long-term environmental fate of nanomaterials.
Modulating protein amyloid aggregation with nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Bo , Pilkington Emily H. , Sun Yunxiang , Davis Thomas P. , Ke Pu Chun , Ding Feng
Published: July 2017

Understanding nanoparticle-mediated protein amyloid aggregation is essential for sustainable nanotechnology and safe nanomedicines.
A hollow fiber system for simple generation of human brain organoids
Authors: Zhu Yujuan , Wang Li , Yin Fangchao , Yu Yue , Wang Yaqing , Liu Hui , Wang Hui , Sun Ning , Liu Haitao , Qin Jianhua
Published: July 2017

Here we present a novel approach to engineer hiPSC-derived brain organoids within hollow fibers in a simple and high throughput manner by integrating biomaterials with stem cell biology.
Chronic exposure to inorganic mercury induces biochemical and morphological changes in the salivary glands of rats
Authors: Aragão W. A. B. , da Costa N. M. M. , Fagundes N. C. F. , Silva M. C. F. , Alves-Junior S. M. , Pinheiro J. J. V. , Amado L. L. , Crespo-López M. E. , Maia C. S. F. , Lima R. R.
Published: July 2017

Mercury exposure is considered to be a public health problem due to the generation of toxic effects on human health as a result of environmental and occupational conditions.
The effect of regioisomerism on the mesomorphic and photophysical behavior of oxadiazole-based tris(N-salicylideneaniline)s: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Pathak Suraj Kumar , Nath Subrata , De Joydip , Pal Santanu Kumar , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S.
Published: July 2017

Two new regioisomeric star-shaped tris(N-salicylideneaniline)s are synthesized and characterized.
Versatile coordination ability of thioamide ligand in Ru(ii) complexes: synthesis, computational studies, in vitro anticancer activity and apoptosis induction
Authors: Kumar Ramasamy Raj , Ramesh Rengan , Małecki Jan Grzegorz
Published: July 2017

Two structurally different ruthenium(ii) complexesviadiverse coordination of thioamide ligand have been synthesised and characterized. The complexes exhibit significant cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Enhancement of the dielectric response in polymer nanocomposites with low dielectric constant fillers
Authors: Thakur Yash , Zhang Tian , Iacob C. , Yang Tiannan , Bernholc J. , Chen L. Q. , Runt J. , Zhang Q. M.
Published: July 2017

An enhanced dielectric response in nanocomposite films with low dielectric constant nanofillers at a very low volume content is achieved.
Transferrin-coated magnetic upconversion nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy with near-infrared irradiation and luminescence bioimaging
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Lin , Pu Yuan , Wang Jie-Xin , Chen Jian-Feng , Dai Liming
Published: July 2017

A novel platform based on transferrin coated magnetic upconversion nanoparticles was developed for near-infrared light induced imaging and photodynamic therapy with enhanced efficiency by magnetic force.
T1-Enhanced MRI-visible nanoclusters for imaging-guided drug delivery
Authors: Sherwood J. , Rich M. , Lovas K. , Warram J. , Bolding M. S. , Bao Y.
Published: July 2017

MRI-visible nanoclusters with T1 enhancement, elongated blood circulation time, tumor localization, and capability of diverse drug encapsulation.
A bis(pyridyl)-N-alkylamine/Cu(i) catalyst system for aerobic alcohol oxidation
Authors: Marais Lindie , Burés Jordi , Jordaan Johan H. L. , Mapolie Selwyn , Swarts Andrew J.
Published: July 2017

Herein a bis(pyridyl)-N-alkylamine/CuI/TEMPO/NMI catalyst system is reported for aerobic oxidation of a variety of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes using readily available reagents, at room temperature and ambient air as the oxidant.
The phosphorescence properties of a series of diarylethene-containing platinum complexes: the effect of ligand photoisomerization
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Wei Wei , Bai Fu-Quan , Bibi Shamsa , Zhang Hong-Xing
Published: July 2017

Benefitting from isomerization in the ancillary-ligand diarylethene, a control of phosphorescence efficiency becomes available.
The influence of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide sheets on the morphology, porosity, surface characteristics and thermal and electrical properties of polysiloxane derived ceramics
Authors: Moni Prabu , Wilhelm Michaela , Rezwan Kurosch
Published: July 2017

A very low addition of (0.2 vol%) graphene oxide or carbon nanotube nanofiller shows free-rising ceramic foams morphology, tunable porosity with adjustable surface characteristics, and increased thermal and electrical properties of polysiloxane-based ceramics.
Drug loaded poly(glycerol sebacate) as a local drug delivery system for the treatment of periodontal disease
Authors: Yang Bo , Lv Wei , Deng Ying
Published: July 2017

A simple, cost-efficient method to load drugs into poly(glycerol sebacate) polymer. Drugs were able to sustained release for up to 60 days. The drugs loaded polymer showed cytocompatibility and antimicrobial activities.
Metabolite identification and pharmacokinetic study of platycodi radix (Jiegeng) in vivo
Authors: Tang Zhongyao , Hou Yuanyuan , Hu Xueyan , Liu Aina , Yau Leefong , Tong Tiantian , Jiang Zhihong , Bai Gang
Published: July 2017

The secondary platycosides, 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylplatycodigenin and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylplatyconic acid, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in vivo for the first time.
An acid-treated reduced graphene oxide/Mn3O4 nanorod nanocomposite as an enhanced anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Seong Chae-Yong , Park Seung-Keun , Bae Youngkuk , Yoo Suyeon , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: July 2017

This work describes the preparation of an acid-treated reduced graphene oxide/Mn3O4 nanorod (ArGO/Mn3O4 NR) nanocomposite using a simple mixing and heat treatment of acid-treated graphene oxide (AGO) and MnOOH nanorods (MnOOH NRs).
Direct synthesis of thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone): a study on polymerization kinetics, mechanism and rare earth phenolates' structure–activity relationship
Authors: Liu Yihuan , Huang Weijun , Zhu Ning , Guo Kai
Published: July 2017

Polymerization kinetics, mechanism and rare earth phenolates' structure–activity relationship were investigated for direct synthesis of thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone).
Stress-gradient-induced polymer migration in Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Hajizadeh Elnaz , Larson Ronald G.
Published: July 2017

This work applies our recent theory for stress-gradient-induced migration to Taylor–Couette flow, and has for the first time confirmed the theory using Brownian dynamics simulations.
Monitoring in situ the colloidal synthesis of AuRh/TiO2 selective-hydrogenation nanocatalysts
Authors: Konuspayeva Zere , Berhault Gilles , Afanasiev Pavel , Nguyen Thanh-Son , Giorgio Suzanne , Piccolo Laurent
Published: July 2017

AuRh/TiO2 nanocatalysts have been prepared by colloidal co-reduction followed by sol immobilization. The nanoparticle synthesis is monitored in situ by liquid TEM, DLS and UV-vis, and the catalyst performance in selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde is correlated to structural information obtained from TEM and CO-FTIR.
Synthesis and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance of Ni2−xRuxP nanocrystals: enhancing activity by dilution of the noble metal
Authors: Liyanage D. Ruchira , Li Da , Cheek Quintin B. , Baydoun Habib , Brock Stephanie L.
Published: July 2017

Incorporation of Ru into Ni2P nanoparticles moderates the redox behavior of Ni and lowers the kinetic barrier for water oxidation.
Graphene as a flexible electrode: review of fabrication approaches
Authors: Tan Russell Kai Liang , Reeves Sean P. , Hashemi Niloofar , Thomas Deepak George , Kavak Emrah , Montazami Reza , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: July 2017

This review is specifically focusing on different methods used to fabricate graphene as a flexible electrode.
Enhancement of photobactericidal activity of chlorin-e6-cellulose nanocrystals by covalent attachment of polymyxin B
Authors: Le Guern Florent , Ouk Tan-Sothea , Grenier Karine , Joly Nicolas , Lequart Vincent , Sol Vincent
Published: July 2017

Following light irradiation, a new nanomaterial, elaborated from CNCs, chlorin-e6 and polymyxin B, demonstrated efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis).
Nanoparticles as contrast agents for brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis
Authors: Azria David , Blanquer Sébastien , Verdier Jean-Michel , Belamie Emmanuel
Published: July 2017

A comprehensive review of recent advances in the development of nanoparticle-based contrast agents for the diagnosis of AD by MRI.
Cross-talk of Brassinosteroid signaling in controlling growth and stress responses
Authors: Nolan Trevor , Chen Jiani , Yin Yanhai
Published: July 2017

Plants are faced with a barrage of stresses in their environment and must constantly balance their growth and survival. As such, plants have evolved complex control systems that perceive and respond to external and internal stimuli in order to optimize these responses, many of which are mediated by signaling molecules such as phytohormones. One such class of molecules called Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of plant steroid hormones involved in numerous aspects of plant life including growth, development and response to various stresses. The molecular determinants of the BR signaling pathway have been extensively defined, starting with the membrane-localized receptor BRI1 and co-receptor BAK1 and ultimately culminating in the activation of BES1/BZR1 family transcription factors, which direct a transcriptional network controlling the expression of thousands of genes enabling BRs to influence growth and stress programs. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding the relationship between the BR pathway and plant stress responses and provide an integrated view of the mechanisms mediating cross-talk between BR and stress signaling.
Collaboration With Caregivers and Educators in the Dominican Republic: Promoting Children's Language and Literacy Development
Authors: Jackson Sandra C. , Bridges-Bond Sheila , Cromartie Jonise , Blankson Elisha
Published: July 2017

This article describes the process of establishing collaborations with caregivers and educators of children in the Dominican Republic (DR) over a period of four years. The program's purpose was to collaborate with caregivers and educators in the DR to promote the language and literacy development of underserved children, while providing educational and clinical experiences for graduate students in communication disorders. We discuss the increase in global initiatives in speech-language pathology, collaborative service delivery, examples of collaborative activities and programs in international settings, and the authors' program in the DR.
Adaptive embedded control of cyber‐physical systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Mirzaei Buini Hamid , Peter Steffen , Givargis Tony
Published: July 2017

Embedded control parameters of cyber‐physical systems (CPS), such as sampling rate, are typically invariant and designed with a worst case scenario in mind. In an over‐engineered system, control parameters are assigned values that satisfy system‐wide performance requirements at the expense of excessive energy and resource overheads. Dynamic and adaptive control parameters can reduce the overhead but are complex and require in‐depth knowledge of the CPS and its operating environment – which typically is unavailable during design time. The authors investigate the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to dynamically adapt high‐level system parameters, at run time, as a function of the system state. RL is an alternative approach to the classical control theory for CPSs that can learn and adapt control properties without the need of an in‐depth controller model. Specifically, we show that RL can modulate sampling times to save processing power without compromising control quality. We apply a novel statistical cloud‐based evaluation framework to study the validity of our approach for the cart‐pole balancing control problem as well as the well‐known mountain car problem. The results show an improved real‐world power efficiency of up to 20% compared with an optimal system with fixed controller settings.
Torque ripple reduction of brushless DC motor with harmonic current injection based on integral terminal sliding mode control
Authors: Shirvani Boroujeni Mojtaba , Arab Markadeh Gholamreza , Soltani Jafar , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: July 2017

Brushless Harmonic current injection to the stator windings is one of the most effective methods for torque ripple reduction of brushless DC motors. Because of multi harmonic contents of the stator currents, the conventional methods based on rotational reference frame cannot be used to calculate the voltage references for voltage source inverter. sliding mode control (SMC), which has high dynamic response to track a time varying command, can be used to force the arbitrary reference current to the stator windings without transfer the motor currents to the rotational reference frame. However, the main disadvantage of SMC is that the system states cannot reach the equilibrium point in infinite time as well as has a major chattering problem. In this paper, a new control method called integral terminal sliding mode control (ITSMC) is used to overcome these drawbacks. In order to show the robustness and performance of the proposed method, this method is compared with a SMC by some simulation and experimental tests. It is concluded that the dynamic response and robustness of the proposed ITSMC method is higher than SMC and ITSMC is an appropriate method to inject the arbitrary reference current to the motor windings.
Investigation on synchronous reluctance machines with different rotor topologies and winding configurations
Authors: Ma Xiyun , Li Guang‐Jin , Zhu Zi‐Qiang , Jewell Geraint Wyn , Green James
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the influence of rotor topologies and winding configurations on the electromagnetic performance of three‐phase synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM) with different slot/pole number combinations, e.g. 12‐slot/4‐pole and 12‐slot/8‐pole. Transversally laminated synchronous reluctance rotors with both round flux barrier and angled flux barrier have been considered, as well as the doubly salient (DS) rotor as that used in switched reluctance machines. Both concentrated and distributed winding configurations are accounted for, i.e. single‐layer and double‐layer conventional and mutually coupled windings, as well as fully pitched winding. The machine performance in terms of d‐ and q‐axis inductances, on‐load torque, copper loss, and iron loss have been investigated using 2D finite‐element analysis. With appropriate rotor topology, 12‐slot/4‐pole and 12‐slot/8‐pole machines with fully pitched and double‐layer mutually coupled windings can achieve similar torque capacity, which are higher than the machines with other winding configurations. In addition, the synchronous reluctance machine with round flux barrier can have lower iron loss than DS reluctance machine under different working conditions. The prototypes of 12‐slot/8‐pole single layer and double layer, DS SynRM have been built to validate the predictions in terms of inductances and torques.
Design and implementation of predictive controllers for dual‐permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems
Authors: Liu Tian‐Hua , Tseng Shao‐Kai , Tu Yu‐Chi
Published: July 2017

This study proposes the design and implementation details of cascade predictive current‐ and speed‐loop controllers for a dual‐permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. The systematic design procedures for the proposed cascade predictive controllers are presented here. By using the proposed predictive controllers, the dual‐PMSM drive system can attain superior performance, including good transient responses, good load disturbance responses, good tracking responses, and good robustness. To enhance the output torque of the dual‐PMSM drive system, a maximum torque/ampere control method is proposed. In addition, a detailed analysis of the parameter variations of the drive system is discussed. A digital signal processor, a TMS 320‐F‐2808, manufactured by the Texas Instruments, is used as a control centre that executes the control algorithms. As a result, the hardware circuit is simple. Several experimental results reveal that the proposed predictive controllers perform better than proportional‐integral (PI) controllers in transient responses and steady‐state characteristics. The proposed predictive controllers for dual‐PMSM drive systems, which are also investigated in this study, can be installed in electric vehicles and electric ships.
Algorithm for estimating derating of induction motors supplied with under/over unbalanced voltages using response surface methodology
Authors: Sen Kurt Merve , Balci Murat E. , Abdel Aleem Shady H.E.
Published: July 2017

One of the adverse effects of unbalanced three‐phase voltages on the induction motors (IMs) is overheating of the windings. The IMs should be loaded at less than their rated power in case of unbalanced supply voltages to prevent this overheating. Recent studies have pointed out that the maximum allowable loading ratio or derating factor (DF) of the IMs have various values for several combinations of the magnitude and angle of the complex voltage unbalance factor (CVUF) operating with a combination of unbalanced over‐ and under‐voltage cases. This means that determination of DF requires plenty of experimental efforts for all possible unbalanced voltage conditions. In this study, the effective root‐mean‐square voltage definition which is defined in IEEE Standard 1459 is combined with the CVUF for proper identification of over and under unbalanced voltage conditions. An algorithm based on response surface methodology is proposed to estimate a precise DF for a broad range of unbalanced supply voltages. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It is apparently figured out that the proposed algorithm has better accuracy compared with the conventional approach reported in National Equipment Manufacturer's Association Standard MG1.
Sallen–Key low‐pass filter‐based inductor‐free simplified Chua's circuit
Authors: Bao Han , Wu Pingye , Bao Bo‐Cheng , Chen Mo , Wu Huagan
Published: July 2017

This present study reports a new type of inductor‐free simplified Chua's circuit only using two‐op‐amps‐based realisation, which is implemented by cascading a Sallen–Key low‐pass filter with a simplified Chua's diode. With mathematical model‐based numerical simulations and hardware circuit‐based experimental measurements, it is demonstrated that the reported circuit exhibits the similar dynamical behaviours of the classical Chua's circuit such as point attractor, limit cycles, period doubling route, chaotic spiral attractors, double‐scroll chaotic attractor, boundary crisis, coexisting bifurcation modes, and so on. Furthermore, the proposed circuit enriches the realisation forms of Chua's circuit family.
MLFMM techniques for efficient analysis of random array configuration for SKA radio telescope
Authors: Padhi Shantanu K.
Published: July 2017

The implication of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMM) is applied to the analysis of large antenna array of the dual‐polarised log‐periodic dipole antenna in the presence of dielectric half‐space and arranged in a random array configuration for square kilometre array (SKA) radio telescope. The MLFMM is applied to accelerate the matrix–vector product operations. The findings are compared with the results obtained by standard method‐of‐moment solver. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of this algorithm.
Parallel Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Creation in a Patient with a Preexisting Unsalvageable Occluded TIPS and Refractory Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Rathod Krantikumar , Popat Bhavesh , Barai Pankaj , Amrapurkar Deepak
Published: July 2017

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shun (TIPS) dysfunction is usually secondary to acute thrombosis within the stent, pseudointimal hyperplasia in the TIPS parenchymal tract, or intimal hyperplasia in the outflow hepatic vein. Several methods have been used in treating TIPS dysfunction, including balloon angioplasty, stent insertion, and the creation of a parallel TIPS. We report a case of refractory variceal bleeding in which a parallel TIPS was successfully created after failure to recanalize the preexisting occluded TIPS.