bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN CITRALAND GAMA CITY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG DI KENANGAN BARU KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN
Authors: Sri Agustina Hasibuan  , Sugianto  , Nur Ahmadi Bi Rahmani
Published: September 2022

This studyiaiims to determineithe effect of the development of CitraiLaind Gaimai City in increaising the income of traiders in Kenaingain Bairu Percut Sei Tuain District. This reseairch wais conducted on Jailain BoulevairdiBairait Raiyai No. Kaiv 1, KenaingainiBairu Percut Sei Tuain District, DeliiSerdaing Regency, North Sumaitrai. Thisitype of reseairch is quaintitaitiveireseairch. Theisaimple used in thisistudy were traiders in Kenaingain Bairu, Percut Sei Tuain District. Daitai Cillection is done by distributing questionnaiires to 35 respondents. Thisistudy uses ai simpleilineair regression model test with the help of IBM SPSSiVersion 20. Theiresults of this studyiindicaite thait the development of CitraiLaind Gaimai City haisiai significaint positive effection the income of traiders in Kenaingain Bairu, Percut Sei Tuain District, this is indicaited by the results of the titest, it is knownithait the cailculaited t vailueiis 5,305 thisivailue is greaiterithain t taible 1,69236 with ai t vailueiof 0,000 sig <0.05. So thait the hypothesis testing of this study is thaitiHai is aiccepted, H0 isirejected.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DESA SIJABUT TERATAI KECAMATAN AIR BATU KABUPATEN ASAHAN)
Authors: Nurbaiti  , Nursantri Yanti  , Trisnawati
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of village fund management in improving village development, inhibiting factors in village development, and village development in an Islamic economic perspective. The research methodology used is qualitative research. Data collection techniques with the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are the Effectiveness of Village Fund Management in Sijabut Teratai village of 80.87%, including in the category of quite effective. Factors that hinder the effectiveness of village fund management in improving village development include land acquisition for residents, electricity poles, large trees and weather constraints. The effectiveness of village fund management in improving village development according to an Islamic economic perspective has five foundations for Islamic development. Islamic development describes five foundations, namely monotheism, caliphate, justice, tazkiyyah and al-falah. Village development is closely related to Islamic economics which can be linked to monotheism, namely the development carried out aimed at meeting the needs of the village community to assist the community in carrying out activities. The caliphate is closely related to the development carried out by the village with the aim of community welfare including the human function as caliph. Justice is closely related to development, namely the development carried out in the village of Sijabut Teratai does not only focus on one hamlet, but in every hamlet. Tazkiyyah relates to the development carried out by the village as the responsibility of the village government which has been given a mandate by the central government. And Al-Falah relates to the success that has been achieved by the village because it has succeeded in carrying out development that leads to community welfare.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA USAHA MELALUI ANALISIS NET PROFIT MARGIN(NPM)
Authors: Moch Aminnudin  , Hamdi Sari Maryoni
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the increase in business performance through the analysis of Net Profit Margin (NPM) in Siti Snack's business. The research method used is a research method with quantitative analysis which tries to show the measurement of financial performance through NPM ratio analysis. The data used are secondary data originating from the financial statements of Siti Snack's business as the research sample for 2019. Based on the results of research and analysis of the financial performance assessment data of the "Siti Snack" NPM business, it can be seen that the values ​​produced each year fluctuate, if the value of the performance of this profitability indicator is compared with the average performance of the industry, the performance in 2019 to 2021 is found on average. the average is only 2.03% according to the standards imposed by Bank Indonesia, the financial performance of the institution is below standard. This can be caused by the tight business competition that occurs in the Jepara region, especially the snack food sector, and the Covid-19 virus factor that has hit Jepara for the last 2 years.
Survey on Health and Safety Concerns of Laboratory Animal Workers in the Philippines
Authors: Bibay Jan Irving , Agapito Josephine
Published: September 2022

Occupational health and safety are important aspects of the workplace. This study was carried out to identify the common occupational health and safety concerns of laboratory animal workers (LAWs) in the Philippines. Specifically, it aims to describe the frequency of encounters with the different health and safety concerns plus the encounters based on the workers’ demographic profiles, animal contact, and the frequency of personal protective equipment (PPE) usage at work. An online survey questionnaire was developed and confidentially administered to the respondents via email through the Philippine Association for Laboratory Animal Science (PALAS). A total of 44 responses met the research inclusion criteria. The three most common health and safety concerns encountered by LAWs at work were animal-related injuries (34/44, 77.3%), sharp-related injuries (30/44, 68.2%), and allergy from animals (23/44, 52.3%). These were consistent regardless of the workers’ age, gender, job title, years of work experience with laboratory animals, animal contact, and frequency of PPE usage at work. A high rate of experiencing animal-related injuries was observed even with the frequent use of available PPE. With this, the study revealed that LAWs in the Philippines are exposed to different health and safety concerns present at work. Moreover, the study showed the need to evaluate further the current practices and ensure implementation of additional safety measures to lessen the occurrence of these concerns and protect the health and safety of the workers.
Bacterial Composition of Scotophilus kuhlii Guano from Plant Roost around Rice Farms in South-central Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Jumao-as Cromwel , Tabora John Aries , Cabasan Ma. Teodora
Published: September 2022

Conventional farming relies on the heavy application of synthetic agrochemicals, especially fertilizers. Thus, the search for an alternative sustainable source of safe agricultural inputs is imperative. Bat guano is an organic material that improves plant growth due to its rich chemical content and associated beneficial microorganisms. However, farmers still have a negative perception towards its utilization due to its associated microbiological hazards and limited supply. This study was conducted to determine the bacterial composition of guano produced by Scotophilus kuhlii to elucidate the potential benefits and hazards it poses when utilized as a soil amendment. The bacterial composition of a 24-h-old guano was investigated by sequencing the amplified 16S rRNA gene under Illumina MiSeq 250 PE system. A total of 78,670 valid DNA reads were obtained and clustered to 196 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Eight bacterial phyla were identified dominated by Proteobacteria (40.52%), Bacteroidetes (21.43%), Actinobacteria (21.15%), and Firmicutes (16.58%). Under these phyla, 85 genera were identified dominated by Acinetobacter (32.16%), Sphingobacterium (12.94%), and Glutamicibacter (12.25%). Among all generated OTUs, 39 species were identified dominated by Dietzia cinnamea (19.91%), Spingobacterium multivorum (14.65%), Acinetobacter variabilis (14.57%), and Enterococcus faecalis (13.51%). The study revealed that guano of S. kuhlii harbors a diverse bacterial community, which could be a determinant of its usability as an organic soil amendment. Despite the presence of plant- growth promoters and biodegraders of hazardous environmental contaminants, the abundance of Proteobacteria indicates a high number of pathogenic species in the fresh guano. The results suggest the importance of crafting safety guidelines and protocols for guano processing that apply to small-scale farming to maximize the agricultural benefits of guano while reducing the risks imposed by its associated pathogenic bacteria.
Association of Omentin rs2274907 Gene Polymorphism and Its Protein on the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Disorder in Thai Children
Authors: Pheungruang Banchamaphon , Suriyaprom Kanjana , Tungtrongchitr Anchalee , Karuwanarint Piyaporn , Sirikulchayanonta Chutima , Prangthip Pattaneeya , Kwanbunjan Karunee , Tungtrongchitr Rungsunn
Published: September 2022

Omentin is an adipocytokine that expresses in white adipose tissues. It is a marker for preventing the development of pro-inflammatory states related to diseases like obesity. This study aimed to examine the concentrations of omentin and anthropometric-biochemical parameters in obese children and healthy controls. Also, to search for the associations of omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism with omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. A total of 293 children, 178 obese cases and 115 healthy controls, were recruited for this study. The omentin level was measured using the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum omentin levels were significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group (13.9 and 25.0 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). The omentin levels had significant negative correlation with body weight, body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference, triglycerides (r = –0.276, –0.275, –0.259, –0.242, p < 0.001), and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r = 0.210, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between obesity and serum omentin levels (p < 0.05). However, the omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism showed no significant relationship with the omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. These findings in Thai children suggest that omentin level, but not omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism, may influence susceptibility to obesity.
Selbsterkenntnis und Symbol. Zu Alfred North Whiteheads konstruktivismus-kritischer Deutung des Symbolischen
Authors: Rohmer Stascha
Published: September 2022

Abstract: According to Whitehead, symbolic references fulfil an important role not only in human culture and civilization, but also in the process of natural evolution. Contrary to philosophers such as Ernst Cassirer, who think that the process of symbolization is an exclusive characteristic of the human mind and the human being, Whitehead develops his theory of symbolization as part of a natural philosophy. He states his own philosophy of nature as an “introversion of the philosophy” of Kant and as a “critique of pure feeling”. Whitehead criticizes Kant’s thinking and especially his transcendental idealism, because Kant’s theory lacks an explanation of how the subject that is involved in the activity of observing nature develops within the evolutionary process of nature. Whereas Kant simply presupposes the observing subjectivity, Whitehead wishes to explain how the subject emerges as a result of an evolutionary process in a self-creating nature. In this creative process, symbolism is a fundamental aspect. The assumption that there are two modes of “perceptive experience” is a special characteristic of Whiteheads theory of symbolism. Following this assumption, higher organisms not only have experiences in the mode of senseperception but also in the mode of what Whitehead calls “causal efficacy”. In the United States, Whiteheads most famous students, Susanne K. Langer and Nelson Goodman continued to develop his theory of symbolism, thus transforming it. In Germany, the philosopher Oswald Schwemmer pointed out the relevance of this theory for the philosophy of culture.
Fuel Choices for Carbon Reduction and Impact on Vessel Design
Authors: Baker Cameron , Tagg Rob , van Rynbach Eugene , Pederson Dale , Gaitley Julian
Published: September 2022

There are several upcoming regulations focusing on the emissions from maritime transportation requiring owners to rethink their normal operations. One option available to ship owners and operators to achieve compliance with the regulations is to utilize alternate fuels with low-carbon content. These considerations have moved from the future to the present. Current new designs must include plans for future carbon reduction and the widespread availability of low-carbon fuels. This study provides a summary of the available fuels in practical terms that are useful to Naval Architects and Marine Engineers when designing vessels and it will discuss some of the design considerations that must be made to ensure a vessel is transition-ready to operate using these fuels in the near future.
Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) part 9a :
Authors: Hanaoka Kayee , Ngan Mei , Grother Patrick , Hom Austin
Published: September 2022

This report documents the ability of face recognition algorithms to correctly distinguish face images of identical and fraternal twins. The algorithms were submitted to the ongoing one-to-one verifcation track of the Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) executed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Stars in Your Hand
Authors: Arcand Kimberly , Watzke Megan
Published: September 2022

An illustrated guide to exploring the Universe in three dimensions.

Astronomers have made remarkable discoveries about our Universe, despite their reliance on the flat projection, or 2D view, the sky has offered them. But now, drawing on the vast stores of data available from telescopes and observatories on the ground and in space, astronomers can now use visualization tools to explore the cosmos in 3D. In Stars in Your Hand, Kimberly Arcand and Megan Watzke offer an illustrated guide to exploring the Universe in three dimensions, with easy-to-follow instructions for creating models of stars and constellations using a 3D printer and 3D computer imaging.

Stars in Your Hand and 3D technology make learning about space an adventure. Intrigued by the stunning images from high-powered telescopes? Using this book, you can fly virtually through a 3D spacescape and hold models of cosmic objects in your hand. Arcand and Watzke outline advances in 3D technology, describe some amazing recent discoveries in astronomy, reacquaint us with the night sky, and provide brief biographies of the telescopes, probes, and rovers that are bringing us so much data. They then offer images and instructions for printing and visualizing stars, nebulae, supernovae, galaxies, and even black holes in 3D. The 3D Universe is a marvel, and Stars in Your Hand serves as a unique and thrilling portal to discovery.
Ilioinguinal Nerve Neurectomy vs Nerve Preservation in Lichtenstein Tension Free Mesh Hernioplasty: A Randomised Clinical Trial at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Labana Urmil Kumar , Mehta Nilesh , Patel Yashasvi , Patel Mitkumar V , Chauhan Ajay
Published: September 2022

Introduction: A Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty is the most commonly performed surgery for an inguinal hernia. Chronic inguinodynia is the most prevalent surgical complication, with a 25% overall incidence. The second most common complication is hypoesthesia. Ilioinguinal neurectomy has been proven in several studies to alleviate chronic inguinodynia. Aim: To compare the postoperative inguinal pain and aesthesia in Ilioinguinal Nerve (IIN) preservation patients with neurectomy patients in Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted at GMCH, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India during January 2020 to June 2021 on 70 individuals (35 in each group). The IIN was excised in group A, while it was preserved in group B. Pain and aesthesia was assessed at day seven, one month and three month follow-up. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of the study sample was 55.95±15.61 years in group A and 55.4±17.22 years in group B. At Postoperative Day-7 (POD-7), 33 (94.28%) patients in group A and 18 (51.43%) patients in group B reported mild pain after vigorous activity, whereas 2 (5.71%) patients in group A and 15 (42.8%) patients in group B reported moderate pain after vigorous activity, and 2 (5.7%) patients in group B reported severe pain after vigorous activity. At POD-7, 2 (5.7%) patients in group A reported hypoaesthesia, out of them only 1 (2.85%) patient reported hypoaesthesia at one month and at three months of follow-up, whereas no patients in group B reported hypoaesthesia at POD-7, one month, or three months of follow-up. Conclusion: It was evident in this study that prophylactic ilioinguinal neurectomy resulted in considerable reduction in incidence of post operative neuralgia, compared to nerve preservation.
Individuation in a culture of connection
Authors: Bowden Roy
Published: September 2022

Psychotherapists in Aotearoa/New Zealand have been trained in theory and practice which has been imported from other countries. There is a unique cultural environment in New Zealand which has a foundation in both Pākehā and Māori traditions. It is time to honour the cultural meanings that Māori offer the health professions by reframing the language and practice of psychotherapy, making it relevant to the New Zealand setting.
Psychotherapy is traditionally a process that focuses on the individual and relies on modalities. Individuation and separate modalities will need review if we are to establish a New Zealand approach which focuses on connection and the whole person in their environment. A psychological lens will not be sufficient in a bicultural or multicultural era and analysis will not be necessary in a future where enquiry is more culturally appropriate and effective.
Changes in US Veterans’ Access to Specialty Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Griffith Kevin N. , Asfaw Daniel A. , Childers Rachel G. , Wilper Andrew P.
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study identifies changes in referral volume and wait times for veterans seeking care from the specialists in the Veterans Health Administration or the community.
Neurologic Complications of Smallpox and Monkeypox
Authors: Billioux B. Jeanne , Mbaya Oliver Tshiani , Sejvar James , Nath Avindra
Published: September 2022

Importance

Orthopox viruses include smallpox virus, a once feared but now eradicated virus, as well as monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is an emerging virus initially isolated in 1958, previously unrecognized outside sub-Saharan Africa until a worldwide outbreak in May 2022. It is important to review known neurologic consequences of both these viruses, as complications of smallpox may be relevant to monkeypox, though complications of monkeypox may be rarer and perhaps less severe.

Observations

This was a literature review of the known neurologic complications of smallpox, which include encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis among others; historical complications of smallpox vaccination, including postvaccinal encephalomyelitis; and the known neurologic complications of monkeypox, which include headaches and mood disturbances, as well as rare presentations of encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and seizures. Of concern is the possibility of viral persistence and systemic complications in immunocompromised individuals. Also provided were considerations for diagnosis, current treatment, and prevention of monkeypox.

Conclusions and Relevance

Monkeypox should be considered in high-risk populations who present with neurologic syndromes. Diagnosis may require serology and polymerase chain reaction testing of blood and spinal fluid. Antiviral therapy should be initiated early in the course of the illness.
Impact of Planar and Vertical Organic Field‐Effect Transistors on Flexible Electronics
Authors: Nawaz Ali , Merces Leandro , Ferro Letícia M. M. , Sonar Prashant , Bufon Carlos C. B.
Published: September 2022

The development of flexible and conformable devices, whose performance can be maintained while being continuously deformed, provides a significant step toward the realization of next‐generation wearable and e‐textile applications. Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are particularly interesting for flexible and lightweight products, because of their low‐temperature solution processability, and the mechanical flexibility of organic materials that endows OFETs the natural compatibility with plastic and biodegradable substrates. Here, an in‐depth review of two competing flexible OFET technologies, planar and vertical OFETs (POFETs and VOFETs, respectively) is provided. The electrical, mechanical, and physical properties of POFETs and VOFETs are critically discussed, with a focus on four pivotal applications (integrated logic circuits, light‐emitting devices, memories, and sensors). It is pointed out that the flexible function of the relatively newer VOFET technology, along with its perspective on advancing the applicability of flexible POFETs, has not been reviewed so far, and the direct comparison regarding the performance of POFET‐ and VOFET‐based flexible applications is most likely absent. With discussions spanning printed and wearable electronics, materials science, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring, this contribution is a clear stimulus to researchers working in these fields to engage toward the plentiful possibilities that POFETs and VOFETs offer to flexible electronics.
Boosting the Stability of Oxygen Vacancies in α‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets with Coordination Polyhedrons as Rivets for High‐Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Li‐Wen , Huang Yuan , Zou Yang , Meng Chao , Xiao Yi , Liu Hong , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: September 2022

The strong alkaline electrolytes are utilized in various key electrochemical applications and the severe corrosion by hydroxyl ions endows the development of high‐performance electrode materials with a great challenge. Here, an effective strategy is demonstrated to stabilize α‐Co(OH)2 under harsh alkaline electrochemical condition by coordination polyhedron pinning (MoO42−, WO42−) on the surface for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The addition of MoO42− in 1 m KOH can inhibit the attack of hydroxyl ions on oxygen vacancies in α‐Co(OH)2, and simultaneously modulate the electronic structure of active sites for HER. The theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that MoO42− can be riveted on the surface of α‐Co(OH)2 to greatly stabilize oxygen vacancies and inhibit the formation of soluble ions of Co(OH)3−. The resultant active sites exhibit reduced maximum energy barriers for the optimized alkaline HER. Additionally, MoO42− near the interface between α‐Co(OH)2 and electrolyte can alleviate the accumulation of hydroxyl ions on α‐Co(OH)2 due to the electrostatic repulsion, improving the stability toward HER. This work offers insight into the role of coordination polyhedron ions in regulating and enhancing the stability of α‐Co(OH)2 for various potential electrochemical applications in alkaline electrolyte.
Chemical Bath Deposition of NiOx‐NiSO4 Heterostructured Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Benben , Chen Mengjiong , Zhang Fan , Liu Da , Liu Xinyi , Xie Jin , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu , Yang Hua Gui
Published: September 2022

Herein, the scalable chemical bath deposited NiOx‐NiSO4 heterostructured films are reported as the efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells. The NiOx‐NiSO4 films show excellent hole extraction ability and reduce interfacial charge recombination in solar cell devices. By using NiOx‐NiSO4 HTLs, a high power conversion efficiency of 20.55% is obtained, which is about 12.23% greater than that of the pure NiOx transport layer. This study provides a simple solution‐processing route toward the large‐area production and fabrication of full inorganic transport layers for perovskite photovoltaics.
Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM‐5 microspheres with superior performance for catalytic methanol‐to‐olefin conversion
Authors: Zhang Yali , Zhang Kai , Shang Chao , Wang Xiaoning , Wu Lei , Huang Guoqing , Wang Hao , Sun Qiming , Chen Xiao Dong , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: September 2022

Methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) conversion on zeolites has encountered severe coke deposition and rapid deactivation. Creating different levels of porosity is essential to mitigate such issues. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and green strategy to synthesize uniform and hierarchically macro/mesoporous ZSM‐5 microspheres by combining spray‐freeze drying and steaming‐assisted crystallization (SAC). The structure, crystallinity, and porosity of the zeolite microspheres are controlled by adjusting the water/gel mass ratio and time in the SAC process. The structure evolution during the SAC process is revealed. In the catalytic MTO reaction, the representative hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance. At a very high weight hourly space velocity of 18 h−1, it shows a dramatically prolonged lifetime (47 h at >99% conversion) and much‐improved selectivity to ethylene and propylene compared with the conventional microporous ZSM‐5 and nano‐sized ZSM‐5. The enhanced performance is originated from the hierarchical structure and suitable acidity of the ZSM‐5 microspheres.
Approach to a patient with “double refractory” chronic lymphocytic leukemia: “Double, double toil and trouble” (Shakespeare)
Authors: Aronson Julia H. , Skånland Sigrid S. , Roeker Lindsey E. , Thompson Meghan C. , Mato Anthony R.
Published: September 2022

As patients continue to live longer with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it has become evident that there is an unmet treatment need for patients who have progressed on multiple lines of therapy. In this article, we attempt to define the “double refractory” patient as resistant to both Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and venetoclax for which prognosis is poor and there remains no standard of care. We further examine the mechanism of resistance to these targeted agents and discuss the current landscape for managing this patient population. Finally, we explore data supporting promising new agents, including non‐covalent BTKi, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and additional classes of agents currently in development.
Metal‐Free Aminomethylation of Pyrazolones: Direct Access to 4‐Aminomethylated Pyrazolones
Authors: Phakdeeyothin Kunita , Viriyanukul Tarm , Udomsasporn Kwanchanok , Phomphrai Khamphee , Yotphan Sirilata
Published: September 2022

A metal‐free aminomethylation of pyrazolones is accomplished with cyclic amines such as morpholine and piperazine analogues in the presence of (diacetoxyiodo)benzene at ambient temperature. Various sensitive functional groups can be compatible under the reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic investigation reveals that morpholine or piperazine analogues are likely to be the source of methylene group. This method provides a straightforward route for the preparation of 4‐aminomethylated pyrazolone derivatives under mild conditions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Imidazoquinolines in Water
Authors: Nakayama Taku , Harada Shogo , Kikkawa Shoko , Hikawa Hidemasa , Azumaya Isao
Published: September 2022

We report a synthesis of imidazoquinolines via dehydrogenative coupling of 3,4‐diaminoquinolines with benzylic alcohols utilizing our π‐benzylpalladium(II) system in water. Readily available benzylic alcohols initially undergo catalytic dehydrogenation to form benzaldehydes, which are then reacted with 3,4‐diaminoquinolines via sequential cyclocondensation/aromatization, leading to the formation of imidazoquinolines. This experimentally simple and practical one‐pot procedure provides direct access to the desired products without adding strong bases, toxic oxidants or other additives. Several experiments were carried out toward an understanding of the reaction mechanism to propose plausible catalytic cycles. The dehydrogenative coupling was found to be first order with respect to the benzyl alcohol and Pd catalyst, and zero order with respect to the 3,4‐diaminoquinoline substrate. A kinetic isotope effect of 3.1 was observed by separately determining the reaction rates of benzyl alcohol and benzyl‐α,α‐d2 alcohol. Water molecules accelerate the catalytic dehydrogenative coupling, suggesting that they act as a proton donor to activate the benzylic alcohols by a hydrogen‐bonding network.
Exploring in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles and Holothuria parva extracts on kinetics and stability of α‐amylase
Authors: Edrispour Zeynab , Homaei Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Major limitations of synthetic drugs, including high cost, efficacy, and adverse side effects, have prompted researchers to seek more effective and low‐cost alternative therapies with fewer adverse effects. Marine life forms are considered the most important sources of biologically active natural products due to their secondary metabolites. In this research, sea cucumber Holothuria parva was collected from coastal areas of Bandar Lengeh, Hormozgan, Iran, and was then subjected to extraction. The results showed that compounds extracted from Holothuria parva had a stimulatory effect on enzyme activity, and in the presence of these compounds, the Vmax value of the enzyme was increased about two times, while the Km value was reduced. The phosphate buffer form of extracts had the greatest impact on enzyme activity. Upon an increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the α‐amylase activity was inhibited in parallel. Silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest enzyme inhibition with an IC50 of 0.86 mg/ml. Silver nanoparticles showed anti‐α‐amylase activity and had the ability to decrease intestinal glucose uptake in diabetic individuals when prescribed as a novel supplementary medicine.
Cultural capital, curriculum policy and teaching Latin
Authors: Gatley Jane
Published: September 2022

Latin is currently being trialled as a subject in 40 state secondary schools in England. This paper focuses on one of the justifications of this trial: that teaching Latin in state secondary schools provides students with cultural capital which in turn counters social injustice. By taking the example of Latin as a starting point, I reach two conclusions about cultural capital. The first is that providing students with cultural capital can be good for some individuals, and so justified on a case‐by‐case basis depending on context. However, this justification does not hold for curriculum policy making. My second conclusion is that in the long term, pursuing cultural capital as part of curriculum policy exacerbates the social injustices it purports to address. Wherever an activity is introduced for the sake of cultural capital rather than its educational value, educationally valuable activities risk being pushed off the curriculum, potentially degrading the educational value of the curriculum. In the case of teaching Latin, it may provide benefits to particular students, but as part of curriculum policy it risks exacerbating social injustices and undermining the educational value of school curricula. Going beyond the place of Latin on the curriculum, I argue that all appeals to cultural capital provide a poor basis for curriculum policy making.
“Decoding MH”—A de‐stigmatization campaign in the Hong Kong Police Force
Authors: Chan Elaine Yin Ling , Lui Jasmine Tsz Ting , Mak Alison Lai Ping , Lau Edmond Kam Lun
Published: September 2022

Police officers are under high level of stress given the intense and emergent work nature. If left untreated, their mental wellbeing would be at risk and work performance compromised. However, mental health stigma is common among police officers and is perpetuated by factors like police cultures emphasizing toughness and self‐reliance. In view of this, since 2016, the Hong Kong Police Force had launched a holistic campaign for Force members which was the first among law enforcement organizations in Hong Kong, aiming to reduce stigma, by enhancing mental health knowledge and decreasing negative attitudes and behaviors towards mental health issues. The programme incorporated standardised trainings of the Mental Health First Aid course with examples modified to the local police context, and psychoeducation via the use of digital medium and sharing by public figures. Positive feedback was received. It was foreseen that the campaign effects would increase Force members' awareness of their mental health, encourage help‐seeking and facilitate officers' decision making when encountering crises in the community.
Design of N‐Doped Carbon Materials Assisted Co−CoOx Anchoring on Mesoporous Silica Spheres Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Valorization
Authors: Zhang Guanyi , Zhao Kai , Zhu Qingqing , Kong Xiangjin
Published: September 2022

The design of robust catalyst was of great significance for the valorization of biomass platforms. Herein, an efficient Co@mSiO2−CN catalyst was constructed via a simple impregnation‐mixing‐pyrolysis strategy, which could give 100 % yield of γ‐valerolactone from levulinic acid for no less than five cycles under a relatively mild reaction conditions (160 °C, 1.5 MPa H2,3 h).The results of catalyst characterizations and comparative experiments showed that the introduction of nitrogen‐doped carbon materials promoted the dispersion of Co and enhanced the Lewis acidity of the catalyst, thereby promoting the dissociation of H2 and the activation of C−O, respectively. The synergistic effect between the hydrogenation metal sites and the Lewis acidic site ensures excellent activity of the catalyst.
FexCo3−xO4 Nanohybrids Anchored on a Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media
Authors: Hazarika Kumar K. , Chutia Bhugendra , Changmai Rabu R. , Boruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Bharali Pankaj
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report a systematic study of nanohybrids (NHs) of various Fe−Co oxides anchored on to carbon matrix for high‐performing oxygen electrode reactions. Fe2.1Co0.9O4/C NH having minor content of Co3+ exhibited superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance than the other compositions and benchmark Pt/C. It exhibits a current density of 8.4 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH for ORR compared to the benchmark Pt/C (3.81 mA cm−2). It also reveals superior stability and durability than Pt/C. It can retain 92 % of its initial current up to 7000 s. Also, the Fe2.1Co0.9O4/C NH delivers the best Tafel slope of 72.6 mV dec−1. Additionally, the Co3+ rich Fe0.9Co2.1O4/C NH demonstrated superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance than the Pt/C, RuO2 and other compositions in 0.1 M KOH solution. Thus, the obtained electrocatalysts (ECs) having bimetallic active site demonstrates unique electrocatalytic properties and the carbon matrix can increase stability and thus provide additional catalytic active sites. This makes them a significant candidate for oxygen electrocatalysis.
Soybean growth and production as affected by struvite as a phosphorus source in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Omidire Niyi S. , Brye Kristofor R. , English Leah , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Popp Jennie , Roberts Trenton L.
Published: September 2022

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) has been precipitated from liquid waste streams to recover valuable nutrients, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), that can be used as an alternative fertilizer‐P source. Because prior research has focused on greenhouse studies, it is necessary to expand struvite evaluations to the field‐scale to include row‐crop responses. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of two struvite materials (electrochemically precipitated struvite, ECST; and chemically precipitated struvite, CPST) relative to other common fertilizer‐P sources (diammonium phosphate, DAP; triple superphosphate, TSP; rock phosphate, RP; and monoammonium phosphate, MAP) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response and economics in two consecutive growing seasons in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil (Aquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Averaged across years, soybean aboveground tissue P uptake was largest (P < .05) from ECST (28.4 kg ha−1), which was similar to CPST (26.7 kg ha−1) and TSP (25.9 kg ha−1) and was smallest from RP (21.4 kg ha−1). In 2019, seed yield was largest (P < .05) from ECST (4.1 Mg ha−1), which was similar to DAP, CPST, RP, TSP, and MAP, and was smallest from the unamended control (3.6 Mg ha−1). In 2020, seed yield was numerically greatest from CPST (2.8 Mg ha−1) and was numerically smallest from ECST (2.2 Mg ha−1). Results showed that wastewater‐recovered struvite materials have the potential to be a viable, alternative fertilizer‐P source for soybean production in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil, but further work is needed to confirm struvite's cost effectiveness.
Stronger implicit interference in cognitively healthy older participants with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hung Shao‐Min , Wu Daw‐An , Shimojo Shinsuke , Arakaki Xianghong
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and tau levels have been revealed decades before symptoms onset in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the examination is usually invasive and inaccessible to most people. We thus aimed to develop a non‐invasive behavioral test that targets early potential cognitive changes to gauge cognitive decline. Specifically, we hypothesized that older cognitive healthy participants would exhibit comparable performance when the task was explicit and relied on conscious cognition. However, when the task was implicit, the performance of participants at high and low risks for AD would bifurcate. That is, early changes in unconscious cognition could be linked to cognitive health.

Methods

We measured implicit interference elicited by an imperceptible distractor in cognitively healthy elderly participants with normal (low risk) and pathological (high risk) Aβ42/total tau ratio. Participants were required to perform a Stroop task (word‐naming or color‐naming on an ink‐semantics inconsistent word) with a visually masked distractor presented prior to the target task.

Results

We found that, under a high‐effort task (i.e., color‐naming in the Stroop task), high‐risk participants suffered interference when the imperceptible distractor and the subsequent target were incongruent in the responses they triggered. Their reaction times were slowed down by approximately 4%. This implicit interference was not found in the low‐risk participants.

Discussion

These findings indicate that weakened inhibition of distracting implicit information can be a potential behavioral biomarker of early identification of AD pathology. Our study thus offers a new experimental paradigm to reveal early pathological aging by assessing how individuals respond to subperceptual threshold visual stimuli.
Adaptation and evolution of the sea anemone Alvinactis sp. to deep‐sea hydrothermal vents: A comparison using transcriptomes
Authors: Xu Zehui , Chen Zeyu , Zhang Haibin
Published: September 2022

Sea anemones are diverse and ecologically successful members of Anthozoa. They are often found in intertidal and shallow waters, although a few of them inhabit harsher living conditions, such as deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of the vent sea anemone Alvinactis sp., which was collected from Edmond vent along the central Indian Ocean ridge at a depth of 3275 m, to explore the molecular mechanisms related to adaptation to vents. Compared with another deep‐sea anemone (Paraphelliactis xishaensis) and five shallow water sea anemones, a total of 117 positively selected genes and 46 significantly expanded gene families were found in Alvinactis sp. specifically that may be related to its vent‐specific aspect of adaptation. In addition, 127 positively selected genes and 23 significantly expanded gene families that were found in both Alvinactis sp. and P. xishaensis. Among these, vent‐specific adaptations of Alvinactis sp. may involve genetic alterations in peroxisome, ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and endocytosis, and its deep‐sea adaptation may involve changes in genetic information processing. Differentially expressed genes between Alvinactis sp. and the deep‐sea anemone P. xishaensis were enriched in a variety of pathways related to adaptation, such as energy metabolism, genetic information processing, endocytosis, and peroxisomes. Overall, we provided the first transcriptome of sea anemones that inhabit vents, which enriches our knowledge of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent adaptation and the diversity of sea anemones.
Evolution of population dynamics following invasion by a non‐native predator
Authors: Einum Sigurd , Ullern Emil R. , Walsh Matthew , Burton Tim
Published: September 2022

Invasive predatory species are frequently observed to cause evolutionary responses in prey phenotypes, which in turn may lead to evolutionary shifts in the population dynamics of prey. Research has provided a link between rates of predation and the evolution of prey population growth in the lab, but studies from natural populations are rare. Here, we tested for evolutionary changes in population dynamics parameters of zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus into Lake Kegonsa, Wisconsin, US. We used a resurrection ecological approach, whereby clones from pre‐ and post‐invasive periods were hatched from eggs obtained in sediment cores and were used in a 3‐month growth experiment. Based on these data, we estimated intrinsic population growth rates (r), the shape of density dependence (θ) and carrying capacities (K) using theta‐logistic models. We found that post‐invasion Daphnia maintained a higher r and K under these controlled, predation‐free laboratory conditions. Evidence for changes in θ was weaker. Whereas previous experimental evolution studies of predator–prey interactions have demonstrated that genotypes that have evolved under predation have inferior competitive ability when the predator is absent, this was not the case for the Daphnia. Given that our study was conducted in a laboratory environment and the possibility for genotype‐by‐environment interactions, extrapolating these apparent counterintuitive results to the wild should be done with caution. However, barring such complications, we discuss how selection for reduced predator exposure, either temporally or spatially, may have led to the observed changes. This scenario suggests that complexities in ecological interactions represents a challenge when predicting the evolutionary responses of population dynamics to changes in predation pressure in natural systems.
Energy mix for net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 in Japan
Authors: Otsuki Takashi , Obane Hideaki , Kawakami Yasuaki , Shimogori Kei , Mizuno Yuji , Morimoto Soichi , Matsuo Yuhji
Published: September 2022

This study investigated cost‐effective energy strategies for realizing net zero CO2 emissions in Japan by 2050, employing an energy system optimization model with hourly electricity balances. The detailed temporal resolution enables the model to capture the intermittency of variable renewable energy (VRE) and the costs of system integration measures. Siting constraints on VRE, such as prohibiting solar PV and onshore wind developments in forests and offshore wind developments inside fishery rights areas, are incorporated in the model to reflect the environmental protection and social acceptance perspectives. Simulation results imply that a well‐balanced power generation mix, combining renewables, nuclear, gas‐fired with carbon capture and storage, as well as ammonia‐fired, would contribute to curbing mitigation costs. In contrast, a simulation case with very high VRE penetration poses economic challenges. The average shadow price of electricity in 2050 in a 100% renewables case (RE100) is projected to be more than doubled from a reference case which is based on middle‐of‐the‐road assumptions. Marginal CO2 abatement cost in 2050 increases from 49,200 JPY/tCO2 in the reference case to 75,300 JPY/tCO2 in the RE100 case. The economic viability of high VRE penetration is improved by relaxing the siting constraints, although it may raise environmental and social concerns.
Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on readmission among hospitalized patients with heart failure in China
Authors: Liu Jian , Liu Jing , Wang Jiurui , Yan Zeping , Liang Qian , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Mengqi , Luan Xiaorong
Published: September 2022

Aims

Malnutrition is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poorer quality of life and increased mortality; however, an effective screening tool for malnutrition and its impact on the readmission of patients with HF is uncertain. Our objectives were to study (i) the nutritional status of Chinese hospitalized patients with HF and its impact on readmission and (ii) the validity of seven malnutrition screening tools.

Methods and results

In this study, univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazards regression were used to determine important predictors of readmission. The endpoint was readmission due to HF or non‐HF. A total of 402 patients were included (66.4% male, median age 62 years [range: 20–92 years], median NT‐proBNP 5,229 ng/L). During a median follow‐up of 159 days, 150 patients (37%) were readmitted to the hospital. After adjusting for confounders, only malnutrition assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) nutrition score was independently associated with readmission (P = 0.0293). A base model for predicting readmission with a C‐statistic of 0.680 and subsequent addition of various nutritional screening tools improved its performance over the base model. Patients with malnutrition had a twofold increased risk of readmission.

Conclusions

We found that the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized patients with HF in China is very high and that malnutrition significantly increases the risk of readmission in these patients. CONUT is a validated screening tool for malnutrition and may provide valuable prognostic information.
Effects of Tab Design in 21700 Li‐Ion Cells: Improvements of Cell Impedance, Rate Capability, and Cycling Aging
Authors: Waldmann Thomas , Scurtu Rares-George , Brändle Daniel , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret
Published: September 2022

Li‐ion cells of the industrially relevant 21700 format are investigated experimentally by systematic variation of their tab design. To observe the effects of the tab design only, the cells are built on pilot scale using the same electrodes, electrolyte, and separator. Tabs are varied regarding 1) conventionally welded tabs and 2) tabs made from the electrodes’ foils (“foil tabs”), as well as the tab number. Conclusions are drawn on cell impedances, rate capability (0.5C–3C), heating behavior, and cycling aging. Cells with a multitab design show a reduced impedance (1 kHz) by 62%, an improved charging rate capability by ≈17% for 3C, an improved cycle stability by 26.5%, and charge throughput by 22.8%. For the check‐ups at C/10, improvements in cycle life and charge throughput of 51.1% and 42.4% are observed, respectively. The improved cycle life is due to the reduction of inhomogeneities in the jellyrolls as observed by X‐ray computed tomography. The data are put into context with cells from other studies to conclude the order of magnitude of the effects of tab design variation. Based on experimental findings, estimations are made for 46800 format cells regarding energy content and impedance.