bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of trisubstituted thiophene-3-arboxamide selenide derivatives as novel EGFR kinase inhibitors with cytotoxic activity
Authors: Makhal Priyanka N. , Sood Anika , Shaikh Arbaz Sujat , Dayare Lahu N. , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar , Rao Kaki Venkata
Published: October 2023

Selenides of substituted thiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives are designed and synthesized to explore their antiproliferative potential with EGFR inhibition. The excellent in vitro results present a novel hit molecule with EGFR kinase inhibition (nM).
Boosted ability of ZIF-8 for early-stage adsorption and degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants
Authors: Oh Sojin , Lee Sujeong , Lee Gihyun , Oh Moonhyun
Published: October 2023

T-ZIF-8 exhibited a remarkably enhanced adsorption ability during the early-stage of exposure to chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants, and its rapid adsorption ability led to the fast degradation of CWA simulant.
Synthesis of multiphase MoS2 heterostructures using temperature-controlled plasma-sulfurization for photodetector applications
Authors: Aydin Kubra , Kanade Chaitanya , Kanade Vinit Kaluram , Bahit Gulgun , Ahn Chisung , Kim Taesung
Published: October 2023

A change in the stacking sequence of the vacancy-rich 2H and 1T phase greatly influences the photoperformance. The efficient charge transfer mechanism revealed the highest 1T/2H-MoS2 heterostructure photocurrent.
A bidirectional thermal sensory leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model based on bipolar NbOx volatile threshold devices with ultra-low operating current
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Tong Liang , Niu Jiangzhen , Fang Ziliang , Pei Yifei , Zhou Zhenyu , Sun Yong , Wang Zhongrong , Wang Hong , Lou Jianzhong , Yan Xiaobing
Published: October 2023

The sensory bidirectional LIF neuron model are more suitable for spike neural network.
Ultrahigh areal capacity and long cycling stability of sodium metal anodes boosted using a 3D-printed sodiophilic MXene/rGO microlattice aerogel
Authors: Pan Denghui , Yang Haoyuan , Liu Yueyue , Wang Hui , Xu Tingting , Kong Dezhi , Yao Jingjing , Shi Yumeng , Li Xinjian , Yang Hui Ying , Wang Ye
Published: October 2023

A 3D-printed MXene/rGO microlattice aerogel was fabricated by a 3D printing technique and further employed as the host for Na metal anodes achieving a long lifespan upon 1400 h with an ultrahigh capacity of 50 mA h cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2.
An eco-friendly electrolyte additive for high-power primary aqueous Mg–air batteries
Authors: Ma Bingjie , Jiang Wenbin , Ouyang Liuzhang , Li Haiwen
Published: October 2023

The introduction of glycine as an additive in NaCl can improve the high-current-density discharge performance of the commercial AZ31 alloy for Mg–air batteries.
Abiotic transformations of nitrogen mediated by iron sulfides and related species from early Earth to catalyst design
Authors: Garibello C. Felipe , Eldridge Daniel S. , Malherbe Francois , Hocking Rosalie K.
Published: October 2023

In this review, we aim to systematically investigate the interaction of nitrogen species with iron sulfides and related materials, with the goal of understanding how abiotic processes may have contributed to the evolution of enzymes responsible for nitrogen transformations.
Noncovalent interaction guided selectivity of haloaromatic isomers in a flexible porous coordination polymer
Authors: Jena Rohan , Laha Subhajit , Dwarkanath Nimish , Hazra Arpan , Haldar Ritesh , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: October 2023

Porous, supramolecular structures exhibit preferential encapsulation of haloaromatic isomers, primarily by means of differences in the order of (noncovalent) interactions.
Photocatalytic redox-neutral selective single C(sp3)–F bond activation of perfluoroalkyl iminosulfides with alkenes and water
Authors: Wang Tao , Zong Yuan-Yuan , Huang Tao , Jin Xiao-Ling , Wu Li-Zhu , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2023

Site-selective and direct C–F bond functionalization of polyfluorinated iminosulfides was achieved to synthesize 3-fluoro-3-perfluoroalkyl-γ-lactams under photoredox-neutral conditions.
Motility induced phase separation of deformable cells
Authors: Hopkins Austin , Loewe Benjamin , Chiang Michael , Marenduzzo Davide , Marchetti M. Cristina
Published: October 2023

Using a multi-phase field model, we examine how cell stiffness affects motility induced phase separation (MIPS).
Localisation of facts compensator using reptile search algorithm for enhancing power system security under multi‐contingency conditions
Authors: Punam Sumit Ramswami , Kumar Sunil
Published: October 2023

Due to the improvement in power demand usage, the system causes more stress. Suitable placement of FACTS is introduced to improve power flows, stability, and power system security. An advanced optimal method has been introduced to resolve optimal power flow under various conditions. Five varied FACTS devices were positioned inside the power system to improve system safety at the least cost. Selecting the suitable location and size of FACTS device enabling high security and less cost was proposed using RSA. The objective functions were mitigated based on the RSA's inspiration to improve system security. The placement of the FACTS compensator was based on objective functions like LOSI, voltage deviation, real power loss, investment cost, sensitivity index, fuel costs, and constraints. The proposed model was validated under three conditions, namely generator outage, line outage, and both outage in IEEE 118 and IEEE 30 bus‐systems. In the IEEE 30 bus system, TCSC provides better security of 1.4 severity at normal conditions and 1.3 severity in contingency conditions. In the IEEE 118 bus system, UPFC has less severity of 2.4 at normal conditions, and STATCOM has the least severity of 3 at contingency conditions. The proposed model provides enhanced security in all circumstances and reduces overall costs.
Ideological alignment, public sector size and tax morale: empirical evidence from OECD economies
Authors: Rodriguez-Justicia David , Theilen Bernd
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes the extent to which ideological differences between citizens and their governments, in conjunction with the observed size of the public sector, influence taxpayers’ intrinsic motivations to pay taxes. We utilize data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, encompassing 23 OECD economies from 1995 to 2018. Our findings indicate that the tax morale of citizens who hold right-wing ideological views in relation to their government significantly decreases when the public sector surpasses the OECD average. Conversely, citizens who hold left-wing ideological views in relation to their government exhibit a higher intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, particularly when the public sector is considered undersized.
On the weighting of homo economicus and homo virtus in human behaviour
Authors: Parada-Contzen Marcela , Parada-Daza José Rigoberto
Published: October 2023

In economic sciences, most analyses focus on the economic person construct. However, this that formalization does not capture the complex nature of human behaviour. This paper estimates the weight that economic and noneconomic dimensions of human behaviour have on wellbeing. A utility function is considered that models behaviour from a complex standpoint, where the motivations of the economic individual (homo economicus) are analysed in a broad perspective by integrating emotional wellbeing and human virtues into the model (homo virtus). Three empirical measures of wellbeing are used: The Well-Being Index developed by the Boston Consulting Group’s Sustainable Economic Development Assessment (2008–2018), the Index of Economic Well-Being from the Centre for the Study of Living Standards (1980–2014), and the Happiness Score from the World Happiness Report (2005–2018). Depending on data availability, the model is estimated globally for all countries, OECD countries, European countries, and developing countries using linear regression methods. The results indicate that, on average, the homo virtus dimension of behaviour has a weight of 11% in countries’ wellbeing functions, while the economic perspective has a weight of 89%. Additionally, the results show that richer countries value economic factors more than poorer countries. The analyses also show that the maximum level of emotional satisfaction is higher for European and OECD countries than for developing countries.
Impulse control during the online shopping frenzy in China: the role of consumer inertia
Authors: Shiu Jerry Yuwen , Wei Guohang , Chang Hsiu-Hua
Published: October 2023

This study examined impulse control during an online shopping festival in China. The research model integrated the flow theory into a Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework to explore the direct and indirect impacts of positive eWOM on impulse buying; the mediating role of consumer inertia was assessed as a risk-reduction strategy in impulse-control intervention. The proposed model reasonably well fits the data; all hypotheses are supported. The structural equation modeling results (n = 497) show that positive eWOM contributes to impulse buying because of the online shopping frenzy. Simultaneously, the rise of these stimuli also leads to reflective impulse control, and the three types of consumer inertia can explain the transition from positive eWOM to impulse buying. Furthermore, the affective and cognitive inertia enhance the dependence on the behavioral type after continuous stimulation with positive reinforcement. The findings imply consumer inertia helps secure decision quality and alleviates impulse behavior. In addition, the behavioral inertia generated by sustained affective and cognitive stimulation is essential to subsequent impulse purchases associated with evolving brand loyalty. The study consequently offers some suggestions for marketers to promote repeat purchases as well as potential lines of inquiry for further research.
Investigating charge traps in MoTe2 field-effect transistors: SiO2 insulator traps and MoTe2 bulk traps
Authors: Kim Giheon , Dang Dang Xuan , Gul Hamza Zad , Ji Hyunjin , Kim Eun Kyu , Lim Seong Chu
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional material-based field-effect transistors are promising for future use in electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, trap states existing in the transistors are known to hinder device performance. They capture/release carriers in the channel and lead to hysteresis in the transfer characteristics. In this work, we fabricated MoTe2 field-effect transistors on two different gate dielectrics, SiO2 and h-BN, and investigated temperature-dependent charge trapping behavior on the hysteresis in their transfer curves. We observed that devices with SiO2 back-gate dielectric are affected by both SiO2 insulator traps and MoTe2 intrinsic bulk traps, with the latter becoming prominent at temperatures above 310 K. Conversely, devices with h-BN back-gate dielectric, which host a negligible number of insulator traps, primarily exhibit MoTe2 bulk traps at high temperatures, enabling us to estimate the trap energy level at 389 meV below the conduction band edge. A similar energy level of 396 meV below the conduction band edge was observed from the emission current transient measurement. From a previous computational study, we expect these trap states to be the tellurium vacancy. Our results suggest that charge traps in MoTe2 field-effect transistors can be reduced by careful selection of gate insulators, thus providing guidelines for device fabrication.
Phase sensitivity with a coherent beam and twin beams via intensity difference detection
Authors: Liu 刘 Jun 俊 , Shao 邵 Tao 涛 , Li 李 Chenlu 晨露 , Zhang 张 Minyang 敏洋 , Hu 胡 Youyou 友友 , Chen 陈 Dongxu 东旭 , Wei 卫 Dong 栋
Published: October 2023

We focus on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the input of a coherent beam and one of the bright entangled twin beams with an external power reference beam employed for measurement. The results show that the phase sensitivity can reach sub-Heisenberg limit and approach quantum Cramér–Rao bound by changing the squeezing parameters and the photon number of the coherent beam, under the phase-matching condition. The absence of the external power reference beam will degrade the performance of the phase sensitivity. Meanwhile, this scheme shows good robustness against the losses of the photon detectors. We present a detailed discussion about the phase sensitivities when the inputs are two coherent beams, or a coherent beam plus a single-mode squeezed vacuum beam based on the MZI. This scenario can be applied in the field of phase precision measurements and other optical sensors.
Using harmonic beam combining to generate pulse-burst in nonlinear optical laser
Authors: Xu 许 Yuan-Zhai 元斋 , Li 李 Zhen-Ling 珍玲 , Zhang 张 Ao-Nan 奥楠 , Liu 刘 Ke 可 , Zhang 张 Jing-Jing 晶晶 , Wang 王 Xiao-Jun 小军 , Peng 彭 Qin-Jun 钦军 , Xu 许 Zu-Yan 祖彦
Published: October 2023

The ultrashort lasers working in pulse-burst mode reveal great machining performance in recent years. The number of pulses in bursts effects greatly on the removal rate and roughness. To generate a more equal amplitude of pulses in burst with linear polarization output and time gap adjustable, we propose a new method by the harmonic beam combining (HBC). The beam combining is commonly used in adding pulses into the output beam while maintaining the pulse waveform and beam quality. In the HBC, dichroic mirrors are used to combine laser pulses of fundamental wave (FW) into harmonic wave (HW), and nonlinear crystals are used to convert the FW into HW. Therefore, HBC can add arbitrarily more HW pulses to generate pulse-burst in linear polarization with simple structure. The amplitude of each pulse in bursts can be adjusted the same to increase the stability of the burst, the time gap of each pulse can be adjusted precisely by proper time delay. Because HBC adds pulses sequentially, the peak power density of the burst is the same as each pulse, pulses can be combined without concern of back-conversion which often occurs in high peak power density. In the demonstration, the extendibility of HBC was verified by combining two beams with a third beam. The combined efficiency rates were larger than 99%, and the beam quality of each beam was maintained at M
2 ≈ 1.4.
Slow-roll inflation in
modified gravity*
Authors: Bhat Aaqid , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P.K.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we explore the concept of cosmological inflation within the framework of the

theory of gravity, where f is a general function of the torsion scalar T and the trace

of the energy-momentum tensor. It is assumed that the conditions of slow-roll inflation are applicable in

gravity. To determine different observables related to inflation, such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, scalar spectral index

, spectral index

, and tensor spectral index

, the Hubble slow-roll parameters are utilized for a particular model of

. Lastly, an assessment is carried out to determine the feasibility of the models by conducting a numerical analysis of the parameters. The findings indicate that it is feasible to achieve compatibility with the observational measurements of slow-roll parameters by utilizing different values of the free parameters.
Magnetic and quadrupole moments of the
,
, and
states in the diquark-antidiquark picture
Authors: Özdem Ulaş
Published: October 2023

The magnetic and quadrupole moments of the

,

, and

states are calculated within the QCD light-cone sum rules. The compact diquark-antidiquark interpolating currents and the distribution amplitudes of the on-shell photon are used to extract the magnetic and quadrupole moments of these states. The magnetic moments are acquired as

,

, and

for the

,

, and

states, respectively. The magnetic moments evaluated for the

,

, and

states are sufficiently large to be experimentally measurable. The magnetic moment is an excellent platform for studying the internal structure of hadrons governed by the quark-gluon dynamics of QCD because it is the leading-order response of a bound system to a weak external magnetic field. The quadrupole moment results are

,

, and

for the

,

, and

states, respectively. We obtain a non-zero, but small, value for the quadrupole moments of the

states, which indicates a non-spherical charge distribution. The nature and internal structure of these states can be elucidated by comparing future experimental data on the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the

,

, and

states with the results of the present study.
Data-based program management of system-wide IV smart pump integration
Authors: Giuliano Karen K , Mahuren Rebecca S , Balyeat Jacob
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Smart pump bidirectional interoperability offers automated infusion programming and documentation that can improve patient safety and workflow efficiency. This technology has been poorly implemented across US hospitals, and there is little guidance on the tracking or monitoring of interoperability systems. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful implementation of intravenous (IV) smart pump interoperability in a large health system.

Bidirectional IV smart pump interoperability and compliance monitoring were implemented across a large Midwestern health system using ICU Medical’s Plum 360 and LifeCare PCA devices and Smith Medical’s MedFusion 4000 Syringe Pump devices. The hospital system’s experience in implementing and monitoring IV smart pump compliance using automated reports and a dedicated medication safety integration nurse is described. Compliance trends suggest that the implementation of IV smart pump interoperability has achieved a reduction in programming outside of the dose error reduction system, manual overrides, and IV medication administration error rates.

Conclusion

The monitoring of smart pump compliance has had demonstrated benefits in investigating usability concerns, recognizing system errors, and identifying increased needs for nurse training. This program can serve as an example for other healthcare systems adopting IV smart pump interoperability.
The impact of similarity metrics on cell-type clustering in highly multiplexed in situ imaging cytometry data
Authors: Willie Elijah , Yang Pengyi , Patrick Ellis
Published: October 2023

Motivation

The advent of highly multiplexed in situ imaging cytometry assays has revolutionized the study of cellular systems, offering unparalleled detail in observing cellular activities and characteristics. These assays provide comprehensive insights by concurrently profiling the spatial distribution and molecular features of numerous cells. In navigating this complex data landscape, unsupervised machine learning techniques, particularly clustering algorithms, have become essential tools. They enable the identification and categorization of cell types and subsets based on their molecular characteristics. Despite their widespread adoption, most clustering algorithms in use were initially developed for cell suspension technologies, leading to a potential mismatch in application. There is a critical gap in the systematic evaluation of these methods, particularly in determining the properties that make them optimal for in situ imaging assays. Addressing this gap is vital for ensuring accurate, reliable analyses and fostering advancements in cellular biology research.

Results

In our extensive investigation, we evaluated a range of similarity metrics, which are crucial in determining the relationships between cells during the clustering process. Our findings reveal substantial variations in clustering performance, contingent on the similarity metric employed. These variations underscore the importance of selecting appropriate metrics to ensure accurate cell type and subset identification. In response to these challenges, we introduce FuseSOM, a novel ensemble clustering algorithm that integrates hierarchical multiview learning of similarity metrics with self-organizing maps. Through a rigorous stratified subsampling analysis framework, we demonstrate that FuseSOM outperforms existing best-practice clustering methods specifically tailored for in situ imaging cytometry data. Our work not only provides critical insights into the performance of clustering algorithms in this novel context but also offers a robust solution, paving the way for more accurate and reliable in situ imaging cytometry data analysis.

Availability and implementation

The FuseSOM R package is available on Bioconductor and is available under the GPL-3 license. All the codes for the analysis performed can be found at Github.
Predicting synergistic anticancer drug combination based on low-rank global attention mechanism and bilinear predictor
Authors: Gan Yanglan , Huang Xingyu , Guo Wenjing , Yan Cairong , Zou Guobing
Published: October 2023

Motivation

Drug combination therapy has exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy and has gradually become a promising clinical treatment strategy of complex diseases such as cancers. As the related databases keep expanding, computational methods based on deep learning model have become powerful tools to predict synergistic drug combinations. However, predicting effective synergistic drug combinations is still a challenge due to the high complexity of drug combinations, the lack of biological interpretability, and the large discrepancy in the response of drug combinations in vivo and in vitro biological systems.

Results

Here, we propose DGSSynADR, a new deep learning method based on global structured features of drugs and targets for predicting synergistic anticancer drug combinations. DGSSynADR constructs a heterogeneous graph by integrating the drug–drug, drug–target, protein–protein interactions and multi-omics data, utilizes a low-rank global attention (LRGA) model to perform global weighted aggregation of graph nodes and learn the global structured features of drugs and targets, and then feeds the embedded features into a bilinear predictor to predict the synergy scores of drug combinations in different cancer cell lines. Specifically, LRGA network brings better model generalization ability, and effectively reduces the complexity of graph computation. The bilinear predictor facilitates the dimension transformation of the features and fuses the feature representation of the two drugs to improve the prediction performance. The loss function Smooth L1 effectively avoids gradient explosion, contributing to better model convergence. To validate the performance of DGSSynADR, we compare it with seven competitive methods. The comparison results demonstrate that DGSSynADR achieves better performance. Meanwhile, the prediction of DGSSynADR is validated by previous findings in case studies. Furthermore, detailed ablation studies indicate that the one-hot coding drug feature, LRGA model and bilinear predictor play a key role in improving the prediction performance.

Availability and implementation

DGSSynADR is implemented in Python using the Pytorch machine-learning library, and it is freely available at https://github.com/DHUDBlab/DGSSynADR.
What Challenges Emerge from Cases Where Children Are Made Subject to a ‘Care Order at Home’?
Authors: Murphy Ciarán , Maguinness Noreen , Stathopoulos Eoanna
Published: October 2023

A continued and unprecedented demand for England’s child protection services has coincided with increasing numbers of children being made subject to Care Orders within the Family Court. There is a growing understanding of the associated challenges—not least in terms of cost and placement availability. However, there has been limited discussion of the difficulties associated with children being made subject to a Care Order, but who remain living at home with their parents. This article reports on an iterative mixed method study which sought to explore child protection social workers’ experiences of ‘Care Orders at home’. It discusses the prevalence of ‘Care Orders at home’ within Northwest England and identifies specific challenges in the context of ‘managing child protection partners’ expectations’; apparent ‘confusion and disempowerment of the child and family’ and ‘an increased sense of risk’ with respect to several of the key stakeholders involved. Implications that emerge from the study are that a ‘Care Order at home’ might, in some circumstances, be considered as a ‘contradictory’ and therefore ‘confusing’ concept, and that it can offer less protection to a child than a care plan for ‘No Order’ running concurrently to a detailed child protection plan.
Machine learning nominates the inositol pathway and novel genes in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yu Eric , Larivière Roxanne , Thomas Rhalena A , Liu Lang , Senkevich Konstantin , Rahayel Shady , Trempe Jean-François , Fon Edward A , Gan-Or Ziv
Published: October 2023

There are 78 loci associated with Parkinson’s disease in the most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS), yet the specific genes driving these associations are mostly unknown. Herein, we aimed to nominate the top candidate gene from each Parkinson’s disease locus and identify variants and pathways potentially involved in Parkinson’s disease. We trained a machine learning model to predict Parkinson’s disease-associated genes from GWAS loci using genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from brain tissues and dopaminergic neurons. We nominated candidate genes in each locus and identified novel pathways potentially involved in Parkinson’s disease, such as the inositol phosphate biosynthetic pathway (INPP5F, IP6K2, ITPKB and PPIP5K2). Specific common coding variants in SPNS1 and MLX may be involved in Parkinson’s disease, and burden tests of rare variants further support that CNIP3, LSM7, NUCKS1 and the polyol/inositol phosphate biosynthetic pathway are associated with the disease. Functional studies are needed to further analyse the involvements of these genes and pathways in Parkinson’s disease.
Synthesizing images of tau pathology from cross-modal neuroimaging using deep learning
Authors: Lee Jeyeon , Burkett Brian J , Min Hoon-Ki , Senjem Matthew L , Dicks Ellen , Corriveau-Lecavalier Nick , Mester Carly T , Wiste Heather J , Lundt Emily S , Murray Melissa E , Nguyen Aivi T , Reichard Ross R , Botha Hugo , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Barnard Leland R , Gunter Jeffrey L , Schwarz Christopher G , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David S , Boeve Bradley F , Lowe Val J , Petersen Ronald C , Jack Clifford R , Jones David T
Published: October 2023

Given the prevalence of dementia and the development of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapies, high-value biomarker strategies to inform medical decision-making are critical. In vivo tau-PET is an ideal target as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and treatment outcome measure. However, tau-PET is not currently widely accessible to patients compared to other neuroimaging methods. In this study, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that imputes tau-PET images from more widely available cross-modality imaging inputs. Participants (n = 1192) with brain T1-weighted MRI (T1w), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, amyloid-PET and tau-PET were included. We found that a CNN model can impute tau-PET images with high accuracy, the highest being for the FDG-based model followed by amyloid-PET and T1w. In testing implications of artificial intelligence-imputed tau-PET, only the FDG-based model showed a significant improvement of performance in classifying tau positivity and diagnostic groups compared to the original input data, suggesting that application of the model could enhance the utility of the metabolic images. The interpretability experiment revealed that the FDG- and T1w-based models utilized the non-local input from physically remote regions of interest to estimate the tau-PET, but this was not the case for the Pittsburgh compound B-based model. This implies that the model can learn the distinct biological relationship between FDG-PET, T1w and tau-PET from the relationship between amyloid-PET and tau-PET. Our study suggests that extending neuroimaging’s use with artificial intelligence to predict protein specific pathologies has great potential to inform emerging care models.
Cerebral dominance representation of directed connectivity within and between left–right hemispheres and frontal-posterior lobes in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Luchun , Liang Xixi , Wang Jing , Zhang Ying , Fan Zili , Sun Tingting , Yu Xin , Wu Dan , Wang Huali
Published: October 2023

Electroencephalography can assess connectivity between brain hemispheres, potentially influencing cognitive functions. Much of the existing electroencephalography research primarily focuses on undirected connectivity, leaving uncertainties about directed connectivity alterations between left–right brain hemispheres or frontal-posterior lobes in mild cognitive impairment. We analyzed resting-state electroencephalography data from 34 mild cognitive impairment individuals and 23 normal controls using directed transfer function and graph theory for directed network analysis. Concerning the dominance within left–right hemispheres or frontal-posterior lobes, the mild cognitive impairment group exhibited decreased connectivity within the frontal compared with posterior brain regions in the delta and theta bands. Regarding the dominance between the brain hemispheres or lobes, the mild cognitive impairment group showed reduced connectivity from the posterior to the frontal regions versus the reverse direction in the same bands. Among all participants, the intra-lobe frontal-posterior dominance correlated positively with executive function in the delta and alpha bands. Inter-lobe dominance between frontal and posterior regions also positively correlated with executive function, attention, and language in the delta band. Additionally, interhemispheric dominance between the left and right hemispheres positively correlated with attention in delta and theta bands. These findings suggest altered cerebral dominance in mild cognitive impairment, potentially serving as electrophysiological markers for neurocognitive disorders.
Distinct pre-COVID brain structural signatures in COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth
Authors: Lan Huan , Suo Xueling , Zuo Chao , Pan Nanfang , Zhang Xun , Kemp Graham J , Gong Qiyong , Wang Song
Published: October 2023

Post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth are common co-occurring psychological responses following exposure to traumatic events (such as COVID-19 pandemic), their mutual relationship remains unclear. To explore this relationship, structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 115 general college students before the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow-up post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth measurements were collected during the pandemic. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted and individual structural covariance networks based on gray matter volume were further analyzed using graph theory and partial least squares correlation. Behavioral correlation found no significant relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth. Voxel-based morphometry analyses showed that post-traumatic stress symptoms were positively correlated with gray matter volume in medial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and post-traumatic growth was negatively correlated with gray matter volume in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Structural covariance network analyses found that post-traumatic stress symptoms were negatively correlated with the local efficiency and clustering coefficient of the network. Moreover, partial least squares correlation showed that post-traumatic stress symptoms were correlated with pronounced nodal properties patterns in default mode, sensory and motor regions, and a marginal correlation of post-traumatic growth with a nodal property pattern in emotion regulation-related regions. This study advances our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth, and suggests that they may have different neuroanatomical features.
Joan Robinson’s intelligible Marxism and The Accumulation of Capital: a generalisation of the two-sector reproduction scheme
Authors: Trigg Andrew B
Published: October 2023

Joan Robinson sought to make Marx’s economics intelligible to both academic colleagues and followers of Marx, in a twofold approach. First, she adopted Kalecki’s antipathy to the labour theory of value and his insights (following Rosa Luxemburg) into realisation problems in the schemes of reproduction; second, following Sraffa’s reading of Ricardo, she recognised the importance of surplus production as an alternative to neoclassical theory: both culminating in a stripped down two-sector scheme her mature work, The Accumulation of Capital. This scheme is recast here as an input–output framework, providing a generalisation that addresses some of its limitations: the need for an interface with the Kahn/Keynes employment multiplier, the absence of circulating capital inputs, and the lack of a systematic treatment of prices. Furthermore, a somewhat surprising result is the derivation of a core role for Marx’s category of surplus value in the employment multiplier derived from Robinson’s system.
Identifying and Ranking Influential Spreaders in Complex Networks by Localized Decreasing Gravity Model
Authors: Xiang Nan , Tang Xiao , Liu Huiling , Ma Xiaoxia
Published: October 2023

Identifying crucial nodes in complex networks is paid more attention in recent years. Some classical methods, such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality, have their advantages and disadvantages. Recently, the gravity model is applied to describe the relationship of nodes in a complex network. However, the interaction force in gravity model follows the square law of distance, which is inconsistent with the actual situation. Most people are generally affected by those who are surrounding them, which means that local influence should be emphasized. To address this issue, we propose an indexing method called localized decreasing gravity centrality by maximizing the local influence of a node. In the proposed measure, the mass and radius of gravity model are redefined, which can represent the spreading ability of the node. In addition, a decreasing weight is added to strengthen the local influence of a node. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we utilize four different types of networks, including interaction networks, economic networks, collaboration networks and animal social networks. Also, two different infectious disease models, susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-exposed-low risk-high risk-recovered (SELHR), are utilized to examine the spreading ability of influential nodes.
Field releases of the exotic parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and survey of native parasitoids attacking Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Michigan
Authors: Simaz Olivia , Michaelson Julie , Wilson Julianna K , Talamas Elijah , Gut Larry , Pote John , Szűcs Marianna
Published: October 2023

An adventive population of the exotic parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), discovered in Michigan in 2018, is a promising biological control agent of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Following its discovery, field releases of Tr. japonicus were conducted over 2 yr in southern Michigan, to test how release size or release frequency impacts establishment. Sentinel eggs of H. halys and of the native Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were used alongside yellow sticky cards to monitor parasitoids. In 2019 and 2020, 7,200 Tr. japonicus were released at 16 sites. Monitoring between 2019 and 2021 yielded only 49 individuals. The captures suggest reproductive activity and overwintering success in the field but do not allow for evaluation of best release methods. Parasitism by native parasitoids was below 7%, which is similar to other states and unlikely to provide sufficient control of H. halys. The placement of sentinel eggs or sticky traps either in the lower or middle canopy of trees did not influence parasitoid capture rates. Frozen and fresh H. halys sentinel eggs were attacked at the same rate, but more native parasitoids emerged from frozen eggs. We did not find signs of nontarget effects on P. maculiventris thus parasitism rates overall were very low. These results could indicate dispersal of Tr. japonicus from the release sites or slow population growth. The latter may be due to the relatively low densities of H. halys in Michigan or may stem from the small founding size of our laboratory colony.
Flanged Bentall procedure for paravalvular leakage and pseudoaneurysm after root replacement in Behcet’s disease and infective endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Qian Xiangyang , Guo Hongwei , Sun Jing , Zhao Dong
Published: October 2023

Background

Behcet’s disease is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder. Paravalvular leakage and aortic pseudoaneurysm are rare in patients with Behcet’s disease after aortic root replacement. Complicated post-operative infective endocarditis can make the treatment more difficult. We applied a flanged Bentall procedure to treat one such case.

Case summary

A 27-year-old man with aortic regurgitation and Behcet’s disease underwent aortic root replacement. Post-operative electrocardiogram showed a complete atrioventricular block. One year after the operation, he underwent percutaneous temporary pacemaker implantation and endovascular stent graft exclusion because of pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta. Post-operative fever and blood culture confirmed infective endocarditis. Examination showed paravalvular leakage and pseudoaneurysm recurrence. Then, the patient underwent a third operation in our hospital. Aortic root replacement with a flanged composite valved conduit was performed. Immunosuppressants and antibiotic treatment were given after surgery. After 3 months, the cardiovascular examination was normal, and the patient was in good condition.

Discussion

Surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation caused by Behcet’s disease was characterized by a high rate of paravalvular leakage, which led to reoperation and high mortality. Combined infective endocarditis would further increase the difficulty and risk of treatment. It is important to maintain effective immunosuppressive therapy while monitoring serum biomarkers and inflammation indicators. The potential hazards of immunosuppressants are increased risk of infection and poor tissue healing. In our case, targeted antibiotic treatment and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy were well balanced. The flanged Bentall procedure was also the key to success, which could increase aortic effective orifice area and reduce the risk of dehiscence.
A 20-year population study of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jackson Alice M , Macartney Mark , Brooksbank Katriona , Brown Carolyn , Dawson Dana , Francis Mark , Japp Alan , Lennie Vera , Leslie Stephen J , Martin Thomas , Neary Paul , Venkatasubramanian Sowmya , Vickers Debra , Weir Robin A , McMurray John J V , Jhund Pardeep S , Petrie Mark C
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

The epidemiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in Europe is poorly understood and data on long-term outcomes are lacking. A retrospective, observational, population-level study of validated cases of PPCM in Scotland from 1998 to 2017 was conducted.

Methods

Women hospitalized with presumed de novo left ventricular systolic dysfunction around the time of pregnancy and no clear alternative cause were included. Each case was matched to 10 controls. Incidence and risk factors were identified. Morbidity and mortality were examined in mothers and children.

Results

The incidence of PPCM was 1 in 4950 deliveries. Among 225 women with PPCM, obesity, gestational hypertensive disorders, and multi-gestation were found to be associated with having the condition. Over a median of 8.3 years (9.7 years for echocardiographic outcomes), 8% of women with PPCM died and 75% were rehospitalized for any cause at least once. Mortality and rehospitalization rates in women with PPCM were ∼12- and ∼3-times that of controls, respectively. The composite of all-cause death, mechanical circulatory support, or cardiac transplantation occurred in 14%. LV recovery occurred in 76% and, of those who recovered, 13% went on to have a decline in LV systolic function despite initial recovery. The mortality rate for children born to women with PPCM was ∼5-times that of children born to controls and they had an ∼3-times greater incidence of cardiovascular disease over a median of 8.8 years.

Conclusions

PPCM affected 1 in 4950 women around the time of pregnancy. The condition is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality for the mother and child. There should be a low threshold for investigating at-risk women. Long term follow-up, despite apparent recovery, should be considered.
Public awareness of the alcohol-cancer link in the EU and UK: a scoping review
Authors: Kokole Daša , Ferreira-Borges Carina , Galea Gauden , Tran Alexander , Rehm Jürgen , Neufeld Maria
Published: October 2023

Background

Alcohol increases cancer risk, but less is known about public awareness of this link. This scoping review summarizes recent findings on the public awareness of alcohol as a cancer risk factor in European Union and UK.

Methods

Four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for papers containing data on awareness of alcohol as cancer risk factor in EU or UK published between January 2017 and December 2022, and complemented with grey literature searches.

Results

In total, 45 studies were included covering 18 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) and UK, presenting data collected between 2009 and 2022. Studies covered general population (17 studied a nationally representative sample), women, health professionals, patients and young people. Awareness of alcohol causing cancer in general was higher and studied more often than awareness of alcohol’s impact on specific cancers. Among the EU general population, awareness of the link between alcohol and breast cancer ranged between 10% and 20%, head and neck cancer 15–25%, colorectal and oesophagus cancer 15–45% and liver cancer 40%. Awareness was higher among young people and specialized health professions and lower among women (the latter specifically for the breast cancer).

Conclusions

While awareness rates varied depending on the exact question wording, many studies showed low awareness of the alcohol-cancer link, especially for specific types such as breast and colon cancer. Public should be better informed about alcohol consumption-related cancer risk.
Chronic disease onset and wellbeing development: longitudinal analysis and the role of healthcare access
Authors: Stacherl Barbara , Sauzet Odile
Published: October 2023

Background

Experiencing the onset of a chronic disease is a serious health event impacting living conditions and wellbeing. Investigating wellbeing development and its predictors is crucial to understand how individuals adapt to chronic illnesses. This study (i) analyzed the impact of a chronic disease on wellbeing development, and (ii) explored spatial healthcare access as potential moderating factor.

Methods

Data were obtained from the German Socio-economic Panel, a nationally representative household survey. A prospective sample of 3847 individuals was identified for whom the onset of cancer, cardiopathy, diabetes or stroke was observed between 2008 and 2020. Mixed models using an interrupted time series approach were performed to identify immediate level changes and longitudinal trend changes in wellbeing (operationalized with health and life satisfaction) after disease onset. Further, spatial access to healthcare (operationalized by two-stage floating catchment area measures) as potential moderating factor was examined using interaction effects.

Results

Chronic disease onset had an immediate negative level impact on health and life satisfaction. For health satisfaction, a negative pre-onset wellbeing trend was offset (but not reversed). A small positive trend was observed for life satisfaction after disease onset. Spatial access to healthcare was not associated with the magnitude of wellbeing reduction at onset.

Conclusions

Health and life satisfaction levels drop with the onset of a chronic disease with no recovery trend for health and little recovery for life satisfaction, implying persistently lower wellbeing levels after a chronic illness onset. Spatial access to healthcare does not affect the wellbeing change after disease onset.
Pollinator sharing and hybridization in a pair of dioecious figs sheds light on the pathways to speciation
Authors: Huang Jian-Feng , Fungjanthuek Jenjira , Chen Ming-Bo , Liu Gui-Xiang , Dong Yi-Yi , Peng Yan-Qiong , Wang Bo , Segar Simon T
Published: October 2023

The dynamics and processes underlying the codiversification of plant–pollinator interactions are of great interest to researchers of biodiversity and evolution. Cospeciation is generally considered a key process driving the diversity of figs and their pollinating wasps. Groups of closely related figs pollinated by separate wasps occur frequently and represent excellent opportunities to study ongoing diversification in this textbook mutualism. We study two closely related sympatric dioecious figs (Ficus heterostyla and Ficus squamosa) in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, and aim to document what is likely to be the final stages of speciation between these species using a combination of trait data and experimental manipulation. Volatile profiles at the receptive phase, crucial for attracting pollinators, were analyzed. In total, 37 and 29 volatile compounds were identified from receptive F. heterostyla and F. squamosa figs, respectively. Despite significant interspecific dissimilarity, 25 compounds were shared. Ovipositor lengths lie well within range required for access to heterospecific ovules, facilitating hybridization. Cross introduction of wasps into figs was conducted and hybrid seeds were generated for all donor/recipient combinations. F. heterostyla wasps produce adult offspring in F. squamosa figs. While F. squamosa wasps induce gall development in F. heterostyla figs and their offspring fail to mature in synchrony with their novel host. We record limited geographic barriers, minimal volatile dissimilarity, compatible morphology, complementary reproductive phenologies, and the production of hybrid seeds and wasp offspring. These findings suggest ongoing wasp specialization and reproductive isolation, potentially applicable to other related fig species.
Asynchronous life cycles contribute to reproductive isolation between two Alpine butterflies
Authors: Bouaouina Selim , Chittaro Yannick , Willi Yvonne , Lucek Kay
Published: October 2023

Geographic isolation often leads to the emergence of distinct genetic lineages that are at least partially reproductively isolated. Zones of secondary contact between such lineages are natural experiments that allow investigation of how reproductive isolation evolves and co-existence is maintained. While temporal isolation through allochrony has been suggested to promote reproductive isolation in sympatry, its potential for isolation upon secondary contact is far less understood. Sampling two contact zones of a pair of mainly allopatric Alpine butterflies over several years and taking advantage of museum samples, we show that the contact zones have remained geographically stable over several decades. Furthermore, they seem to be maintained by the asynchronous life cycles of the two butterflies, with one reaching adulthood primarily in even and the other primarily in odd years. Genomic inferences document that allochrony is leaky and that gene flow from allopatric sites scales with the degree of geographic isolation. Overall, we show that allochrony has the potential to contribute to the maintenance of secondary contact zones of lineages that diverged in allopatry.