bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of nano-molybdenum disulphide and nano-boric acid suspensions in vegetable oils as prospective cutting fluids during turning of AISI 1040 steel
Authors: Padmini R , Krishna P Vamsi , Mohana Rao G Krishna
Published: August 2015

The present work focuses on the experimental evaluation of the performance of vegetable oil based nanofluids during turning. Nanofluids are prepared by dispersing suspensions of two types of solid lubricants namely, nano-boric acid (nBA) and nano-molybdenum disulphide (nMoS2) individually in two vegetable oils which are, coconut oil (CC) and sesame oil (SS). After thorough sonication, the formulated nanofluids are applied as lubricants while turning AISI 1040 steel. The fluids with and without nanoparticle inclusions (npi) are tested for basic properties like flash and fire points, kinematic viscosity, and thermal conductivity. To estimate the performance of nanofluids as lubricants, machining parameters namely main cutting force, cutting tool temperatures, surface roughness, and tool flank wear are measured. Viscosity and thermal conductivity of CC-based nanofluids is found to be better when compared to those of SS. Improvement in machining performance is observed by the application of nanofluids. CC + nMoS2 at 0.25% and 0.5% npi has shown reduction in cutting forces, cutting temperatures, tool flank wear, and surface roughness when compared to sesame oil based nanofluids. On an average, nMoS2 suspensions in CC at 0.5% npi have shown 9–13% and 20–25%, reduction in cutting forces, cutting temperatures, tool flank wear, and surface roughness respectively when compared to nBA counterparts in CC and SS at all npi.
Study on the stiffness and damping coefficients of water-lubricated rubber bearings with multiple grooves
Authors: Zhou Guangwu , Wang Jiaxu , Han Yanfeng , Li Junyang , Pu Wei , Wei Bo
Published: August 2015

By considering the effects of multiple grooves, rubber deformation, and actual boundary conditions, the steady elastohydrodynamic lubrication mathematical model and the dynamic Reynolds equation of water-lubricated rubber bearings are presented. The Reynolds equation is solved numerically by the finite difference method, and the stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the integrated pressure. Analysis results suggest that angular velocity, eccentricity ratio, groove configuration, and radial clearance have significant effects on the steady state and dynamic stiffness as well as damping characteristics, which also help in designing proper structure parameters of water-lubricated rubber bearings to obtain better dynamic performance.
Corporate nonfinancial disclosures: An illuminating look at the corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting practices of hospitality and tourism firms
Authors: Medrado Laura , Jackson Leonard A
Published: August 2015

This paper examined nonfinancial disclosures by hospitality and tourism firms on corporate social responsibility (CSR)/sustainability dimensions. Specifically, the study utilized content analysis to assess and document CSR and sustainability reporting practices by firms in this economic sector. The study found that in general, firms utilized the Global Reporting Initiative as the standard guideline for reporting. Findings also suggested that there is a vast difference in the types of information reported by firms in the industry’s various sectors. Lodging firms disclosed the most information on the CSR/sustainability dimensions than firms operating in the food and beverage and cruise line sectors. These findings suggested that CSR/sustainability reporting in the hospitality and tourism industry is in its infancy. Overall, the most frequently disclosed information related to performance on indicators associated with water usage, energy conservation, and waste generation. Community involvement activities were also frequently disclosed by sampled firms. The least reported dimensions were information germane to compensation and work–life balance.
Rousseau on the ground of obligation: Reconsidering the Social Autonomy interpretation
Authors: Hasan Rafeeq
Published: August 2015

In Rousseau’s Social Contract, political laws are rationally binding because they satisfy the interests that motivate individuals to obey such laws. The later books of Emile justify morality by showing that it is continuous with the natural dispositions of a well-brought-up subject and is thus conducive to genuine happiness. In both the moral and political cases, Rousseau argues for an internal connection between the rational ground of an obligation and the broader aspects of human psychology that are satisfied and expressed by acting from that obligation. Yet, inspired by Kantian philosophy, the recent and influential Social Autonomy interpretation has disjoined rationality and psychology. Criticising this interpretation, I argue that for Rousseau, obligations are justified because they satisfy the demands made by our moral psychology, most notably amour-propre, i.e. the desire to have one’s worth recognised by others.
The Turn to “Bad Koreans”
Authors: August Timothy K. , Kim Chi-Hoon
Published: August 2015

This article examines the production and negotiation of Korean American televisual images in U.S. reality and travel food programs. We explore two different representations of Korean Americanness, the first in CNN’s Parts Unknown and the second in Bravo TV’s Top Chef, to identify the demand for ethnic transformation that Korean Americans face and examine how these trials reanimate the role of Korean Americans on television. We argue that the iconoclastic figure of the “Bad Korean” highlighted in Parts Unknown challenges stereotypical portrayals of Korean Americans by positioning cast members as active and disruptive cultural producers. In our analysis of Top Chef, we focus on the emergence of the “Shifting Korean” to highlight the transformative process demanded by the reality television genre. We conclude by querying the representational possibilities for Korean Americans, asking what claims the “Bad Korean” and “Shifting Korean” can make on cultural authenticity.
Application of nanotechnology in sports clothing and flooring for enhanced sport activities, performance, efficiency and comfort: a review
Authors: Harifi Tina , Montazer Majid
Published: August 2015

The desire for sport products with enhanced performance and efficiency has been known for many years and nanotechnology has opened new routes for the production of functional sportswear. The objective of this paper is presenting an overview on applications of nanotechnology in different sport sections with the main emphasis on sport flooring, clothing and shoes. Some of the important features imparted into sport apparels by nanotechnology are also thoroughly discussed. Following the current trend sportswear of all types will experience the nanotechnology revolution, in the near future.
Diagnosing Suburban Ruin
Authors: Ekman Peter
Published: August 2015

In his critical writings on suburban development in the years after World War II, Lewis Mumford routinely denigrates brand-new built environments as a species of “ruins.” The present article traces the evolution of this trope through a series of Mumford’s encounters with inchoate suburban fringes on either American coast—first with New Jersey and the outer boroughs of New York City, then across an extended relationship with Northern California—to make concrete and reperiodize what has seemed to many historians a detached, offhand, and uniquely postwar polemic. It also reconsiders the philosophical genesis of Mumford’s critique, situating his anxieties about the putative “formlessness” of most suburban environments within an eclectic vitalist tradition that coexists uneasily with the orderly organicism to which he is usually assigned. Through the case of Mumford’s ruins, we can reexamine the contours, and then some of the afterlives, of the wider declensionist “suburban myth.”
Understanding the role of the healthcare professional in patient self-management of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kuehl Bonnie L , Abdulnour Shahad , O’Dell Michael , Kyle Theodore K
Published: August 2015

Objective:

Allergic rhinitis is a common, usually long-standing, condition that may be self-diagnosed or have a formal diagnosis. Our aim was to identify how allergic rhinitis sufferers self-manage their condition.

Methods:

A sample of 276 self-identified adult allergy sufferers pooled from social media completed an online survey comprising 13 questions. The survey was fielded by a professional research organization (Lab42). The main outcome measures included the use of prescription and/or non-prescription allergy medication, and interactions with physician and/or pharmacist with respect to medication use.

Results:

Of the respondents, 53% (146/276) indicated that they used both prescription and over-the-counter medication to manage their allergy symptoms. Of those who used prescription medication, 53% reported that they discussed their prescription medication in great detail with their physician when it was prescribed, while 42% spoke about it briefly. Following the initial prescription, few discussions about the prescription occur with the physician (45% indicate several discussions, 40% indicate one or two discussions, and 10% indicate no discussions). In most cases (~75% of the time), allergy prescription refills did not require a doctor visit with patients obtaining refills through phone calls to the doctor’s office or through the pharmacy. Two-thirds of patients (69%) report that they have discussed their prescription allergy medication with a pharmacist, with greater than half of respondents having discussed the use of the non-prescription medication with their doctor.

Conclusion:

Patients with diagnosed allergic rhinitis appear to be self-managing their condition with few interactions with their doctor about their allergy prescription. Interactions with a pharmacist about allergy medication (prescription and non-prescription) appear to be more common than interactions with a physician.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators and the combination therapy conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene: A review of effects on the breast
Authors: Pickar James H , Komm Barry S
Published: August 2015

Traditional menopausal hormone therapy containing estrogens/progestin has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and estrogen exposure is known to promote growth and proliferation of a majority of breast cancers. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to consider the breast safety profile of any hormone-based therapy used in postmenopausal women. This review provides an overview of the breast safety and tolerability profiles of currently marketed selective estrogen receptor modulators, antiestrogens, and the first tissue selective estrogen complex combining conjugated estrogens with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and antiestrogens act as estrogen receptor antagonists in the breast. Tamoxifen, toremifene, and the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant are used to treat breast cancer, and tamoxifen and raloxifene protect against breast cancer in high-risk women. Postmenopausal women using selective estrogen receptor modulators for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis (raloxifene, bazedoxifene) can be reassured that these hormonal treatments do not adversely affect their risk of breast cancer and may, in the case of raloxifene, even be protective. There are limited data on breast cancer in women who use ospemifene for dyspareunia. Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene use for up to two years did not increase mammographic breast density or breast pain/tenderness, and there was no evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer, suggesting that conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene has an improved breast safety profile compared with traditional menopausal hormone therapies. Future research will continue to focus on development of selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor modulator combinations capable of achieving the ideal balance of estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist effects.
Treatment discontinuation in multiple sclerosis: The French Web-based survey ALLIANCE
Authors: Donzé Cécile , Malapel Lucie , Kwiatkowski Arnaud , Lenne Bruno , Louchard Pierre , Neuville Véronique , Hautecoeur Patrick
Published: August 2015

Background

In multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment discontinuation leads to a higher risk of relapse, poorer quality of life and greater economic impact.

Objective

The objective of this work is to evaluate treatment discontinuation in MS, the reasons for this and the reasons for treatment resumption.

Methods

A French national Web-based survey was carried out between May and August 2011. A total of 602 MS patients answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, medical follow-up, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), symptomatic treatments, care given, factors involved in treatment discontinuation and reasons for resuming treatment.

Results

Among 413 patients using DMTs, 54% have considered discontinuing their treatment, primarily because of anger (61%), side effects (61%) and fatigue (57%). Sixty-eight patients have actually discontinued their treatment because of side effects (43%), lack of observed outcomes (32%), exasperation (29%) or fatigue (29%). The reasons for symptomatic treatment discontinuation were fear of addiction (32%–46%) and lack of efficacy (28%–45%). Physiotherapy was discontinued because of fatigue (37%), stress (34%) or inefficiency (31%). According to patients, treatment discontinuation could have been prevented by psychological support, care team empathy and support from family.

Conclusion

The major factor that could prevent treatment discontinuation is psychological support. Initiating and monitoring treatment in MS leads to emotional and personality changes, requiring adaptations that may improve compliance.
Marginalization and Invisibility of Women of Color
Authors: Eigenberg Helen M. , min Park Seong
Published: August 2015

This study examines images in 23 textbooks published between 2008 and 2012 to analyze the interactive effects of race and gender. Pictures were analyzed to determine the visual presence White men, White women, men of color, and women of color have in textbook images. The race and gender of individuals were examined and categorized into three prominent status categories in the field: as criminals, professionals, and victims. The results are compared to a similar study conducted 20 years ago. Overall, the findings show that there is improvement as White males have less visual dominance than previously reported; however, images still reinforce the notion that White men are most often professionals, White women are victims, and men of color are criminals. Women of color remain invisible and lack a significant visual presence of any kind.
Drying Methods Alter Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity, Antioxidant Properties, and Phenolic Constituents of African Mistletoe (Loranthus bengwensis L) Leaves
Authors: Oboh Ganiyu , Omojokun Olasunkanmi Seun , Ademiluyi Adedayo Oluwaseun
Published: August 2015

This study investigated the most appropriate drying method (sun drying, oven drying, or air drying) for mistletoe leaves obtained from almond tree. The phenolic constituents were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector, while the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extracts of the leaves on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) was determined in vitro as also the antioxidant properties. Oven-dried extract (kidney [276.09 μg/mL] and lungs [303.41 μg/mL]) had the highest inhibitory effect on ACE, while air-dried mistletoe extract (kidney [304.47 μg/mL] and lungs [438.72 μg/mL]) had the least. Furthermore, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s heart and kidney. Also, all extracts exhibited antioxidative properties as typified by their radical scavenging and Fe-chelating ability. Findings from this study revealed that oven drying is the best of the 3 drying methods used for mistletoe obtained from almond host tree, thus confirming that diversity in drying methods leads to variation in phenolic constituents and biological activity of plants.
Toward an English Proficiency Test for Postgraduates in Malaysia
Authors: Zainal Abidin Saidatul Akmar , Jamil Asiah
Published: August 2015

Malaysia is fast becoming a major attraction for candidates from all over the world to pursue their higher education. Currently students (local and international) who pursue postgraduate (hereafter, PG) education in Malaysia use the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS) scores as indicators of their English ability. These are tests from the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, tailor-made for university education in those countries. Recent literature in testing and evaluation describes the need for more localized tests, developed for the “local” context of a particular country. Thus, the need for a test that could be utilized and customized to the needs of the students studying in Malaysia is foreseeable. This is in line with the concept of test localization. It stipulates that for a test to be valid, its design and development must take into consideration the population, context, and the domain in which the test is used. A project was undertaken where a new English test named Graduate Admission Test of English (GATE) was developed for PG admission into universities in Malaysia. This article describes the process of developing a new test that measures English language competency of PG students who intend to pursue their studies in Malaysia. It includes the use of a test specification/blueprint that contains validity elements adopted from a test validation framework developed by Weir. The article emphasizes the rigor of developing such a test, which includes aspects of test development, operation, analysis, and validation.
From Macro to Mega
Authors: López Bernat , Kettner-Høeberg Helle
Published: August 2015

The Vuelta a España is one of the three cycling Grand Tours, a long-established (first staged in 1935) and global sports mega event. Nonetheless, in the mid-noughties, it went through a financial and identity crisis, which culminated with the French company, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organizer of the Tour de France, taking over the Spanish race in 2008. This research, an in-depth case study based on semistructured interviews and analysis of all the relevant corporate documentation and online activity, aims at shedding light on how the new ASO management has refloated the race through a reinforcement of its globalization and mediatization, on the lines of the managerial policies already in place for the Tour de France since the early 80s. This article also proposes a small theoretical refinement of the “mega sporting event” concept, moving from a binary, yes–not typology, to a four-level scale including micro (local), meso (provincial/subnational), macro (national or regional), and mega (global) sporting events. In this sense, this article concludes that the communication strategies set up by the new ASO management have pushed the Vuelta beyond the macro and towards the mega level.
Youth Perspectives on the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Goodman Ilana , Henderson Joanna , Peterson-Badali Michele , Goldstein Abby
Published: August 2015

Emerging adults with problematic substance use face many transition challenges and risks for long-term health, mental health, and substance use problems. Yet current research on how these youth view their adulthood transition is scarce. Using qualitative data gathered from semistructured interviews with 31 emerging adults seeking substance abuse treatment, we sought to (1) explore how these youth conceptualize their adulthood transition and (2) investigate their perceived interrelationships between substance use and developmental status. Youth identified adulthood criteria as including increased independence, role transitions, interdependence, and norm compliance. Participants also described the influence of substance use on their pathway toward adulthood and included issues related to substance use and mental health as adulthood criteria. Notably, substance use was described as affecting achievement of adulthood through three main processes: interfering with completion of developmental tasks, legitimizing delays in maturation, and promoting maturation through self-reflection. The findings provide important insights for service provision.
Can Russia keep its special ties with Vietnam while moving closer and closer to China?
Authors: Baev Pavel K , Tønnesson Stein
Published: August 2015

While entering into a deep confrontation with the West in the context of the Ukrainian crisis, Russia has sought to uphold its international profile by upgrading its strategic partnership with China and adding new economic content to it, first of all in energy deals. At the same time, Moscow is aware of the risks related to becoming a minor partner to powerful China and to diminishing its ability to make its own contributions to forming the global agenda. One way of avoiding too much dependence on Chinese patronage would be to retain and cultivate the traditional ties with Vietnam and perhaps even play a pacifying role in the oscillating Chinese-Vietnamese tensions. Russian energy companies are exploring opportunities for further advancing offshore oil and gas projects in the South China Sea, although the profitability of these projects remains rather low. Russia has delivered two out of six contracted Kilo class submarines to Vietnam, but its role as the main provider of weapons may now be challenged by the USA and Japan. The prospects for maintaining or expanding Russia’s security and energy connections with Vietnam is thus a demanding topic for analysis, which may throw light also on the all-important trilateral relationship between China, the USA and Japan.
Patients With Isolated PCL Injuries Improve From Surgery as Much as Patients With ACL Injuries After 2 Years
Authors: Owesen Christian , Sivertsen Einar Andreas , Engebretsen Lars , Granan Lars-Petter , Årøen Asbjørn
Published: August 2015

Background:

Reports on outcome after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction often contain both isolated PCL and combined knee ligament injuries. This makes it difficult to conclude on the outcome after reconstruction of isolated PCL injuries.

Purpose:

To investigate the outcome after PCL reconstruction in patients with an isolated PCL injury and to compare this with the outcome of patients treated with reconstruction after isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Seventy-one patients with an isolated PCL injury that was reconstructed surgically and who had registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry between 2004 and 2010 were included in this study. Patients with isolated ACL reconstructions (n = 9661) who had registered in the same period were included for comparison. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used as the patient-reported outcome measure. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative KOOS scores were compared. Changes in KOOS score reported by the PCL patients were compared with changes reported by the ACL patients.

Results:

At the 2-year postoperative follow-up of the PCL-reconstructed patients, the patient-reported outcome was improved, measured by KOOS as follows: pain, 15.1 (95% CI, 8.5-21.8; P < .001); symptoms, 0.9 (95% CI, –6.6 to 8.3; P = .82); activities of daily living, 13.2 (95% CI, 6.6-13.9; P < .001); sports, 20.7 (95% CI, 11.8-29.4; P < .001); and quality of life, 26.6 (95% CI, 18.9-34.2; P < .001). According to the KOOS, the incremental improvements were similar for PCL and ACL patients. Time from injury to surgery was longer for the PCL patients compared with ACL patients (median, 21.5 vs 8.0 months; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing PCL reconstruction can expect the same improvements in KOOS score as patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. However, PCL patients start out with an inferior score on average and consequently end up at a lower score compared with ACL patients for all KOOS subscales.
Polygenic Influence on Educational Attainment
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W. , Belsky Daniel W. , Conley Dalton , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Boardman Jason D.
Published: August 2015

Recent studies have begun to uncover the genetic architecture of educational attainment. We build on this work using genome-wide data from siblings in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We measure the genetic predisposition of siblings to educational attainment using polygenic scores. We then test how polygenic scores are related to social environments and educational outcomes. In Add Health, genetic predisposition to educational attainment is patterned across the social environment. Participants with higher polygenic scores were more likely to grow up in socially advantaged families. Even so, the previously published genetic associations appear to be causal. Among pairs of siblings, the sibling with the higher polygenic score typically went on to complete more years of schooling as compared to their lower-scored co-sibling. We found subtle differences between sibling fixed-effect estimates of the genetic effect versus those based on unrelated individuals.
Attitudes Toward Physical Activity According to Weight Status Among Schoolchildren in Sousse, Tunisia
Authors: Maatoug Jihene , Harrabi Imed , Sahli Jihene , Ezzi Olfa , Chebil Dhekra , Gaddour Mariem , Saadi Nesrine , Ghannem Hassen
Published: August 2015

Aim:

To investigate differences in attitude toward physical activity in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2009/2010. It concerned randomly selected schoolchildren of colleges of Sousse in seventh and ninth grade. The sample was composed of 4003 schoolchildren. A questionnaire was used to evaluate habits and perception of physical activity, and we took anthropometric measurements of height and weight.

Results:

Among schoolchildren who performed a recommended level of physical activity, there was no significant difference in perceptions according to weight status. However, among those who did not practice physical activity, obese participants had significantly less positive perception. Overweight and obesity significantly increase the risk of negative perception of physical activity practice among participants who do not do the recommended level of physical activity. However, this association becomes non significant among those who practice recommended level of physical activity. The same findings were observed after adjustment by age and sex.

Conclusion:

Negative attitudes among inactive children may favor the development of a vicious circle perpetuating physical inactivity among normal-weight and overweight children.
Twilight over England? Archaeological Excavation in England 1938–1945
Authors: Evans Tim N.L.
Published: August 2015

This article examines the location and context of archaeological investigations in England between 1938 and 1945. The analysis of sources, including national inventories and contemporary journals, dispels any notion that archaeological practice was suspended during World War II, despite the absence of some leading practitioners, and reveals that a surprising amount of salvage and research fieldwork took place. Fieldwork was primarily in the south of the country; it reflects pre-war investigative trends, contemporary knowledge, opinion of the archaeological resource, and the increased threat of war-related construction work, but also the impact of immediate post-war concerns such as housing and infrastructure. Although primarily undertaken by established excavators employed by the Ministry of Works, a substantial amount of rescue work was carried out by small groups, local societies, and individuals often outside State funding, which reflects an independent culture of fieldwork that continues to the present day.
Microstructures and liquid phase separation in multicomponent CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Wu P. H. , Liu N. , Zhou P. J. , Peng Z. , Du W. D. , Wang X. J. , Pan Y.
Published: August 2015

The microstructures of high entropy alloys of the system CoCrCuFe xNi and CoCrCuFeNi x (where x indicates the molar ratio, which, where not specified, is 1) have been investigated. Many Cu rich spheres were evident in the microstructure of CoCrCuFe0.5Ni and CoCrCuFeNi0.5 alloys, which indicates that liquid phase separation had occurred before solidification. During liquid phase separation, the original liquids separated into two liquids: Cu rich and Cu depleted. In contrast, in other alloys ( x = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), typical dendritic and interdendritic structures are obtained. Cu and/or Cr rich precipitates, with various morphologies, can be seen in the interdendritic region. Additionally, Cu rich nanoparticles and Cr rich bird shaped structures can be observed in the Cu rich spheres. Sluggish cooperative diffusion causes the element segregation and formation of nanoprecipitates in the microstructures. The calculated positive mixing enthalpies of CoCrCuFe0.5Ni and CoCrCuFeNi0.5 alloys are likely reasons for their liquid phase separation.
The forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 represses human plasma cell differentiation
Authors: van Keimpema Martine , Grüneberg Leonie J. , Mokry Michal , van Boxtel Ruben , van Zelm Menno C. , Coffer Paul , Pals Steven T. , Spaargaren Marcel
Published: August 2015

Key Points

Aberrant expression of FOXP1 in human MBCs represses their ability to differentiate into PCs. Human IgG+ MBCs combine lower FOXP1 expression with a higher propensity to differentiate as compared with IgM+ MBCs.
Omenn syndrome associated with a functional reversion due to a somatic second-site mutation in CARD11 deficiency
Authors: Fuchs Sebastian , Rensing-Ehl Anne , Pannicke Ulrich , Lorenz Myriam R. , Fisch Paul , Jeelall Yogesh , Rohr Jan , Speckmann Carsten , Vraetz Thomas , Farmand Susan , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Krüger Marcus , Strahm Brigitte , Henneke Philipp , Enders Anselm , Horikawa Keisuke , Goodnow Christopher , Schwarz Klaus , Ehl Stephan
Published: August 2015

Key Points

Functional reversion of a germline CARD11 mutation in T cells is associated with the development of Omenn syndrome. Defective thymic T-cell development and peripheral lymphopenia are no prerequisite for the development of Omenn syndrome.
Tetraspanin-3 is an organizer of the multi-subunit Nogo-A signaling complex
Authors: Thiede-Stan Nina K. , Tews Björn , Albrecht David , Ristic Zorica , Ewers Helge , Schwab Martin E.
Published: August 2015

To ensure precision and specificity of ligand – receptor induced signaling, co-receptors and modulatory factors play important roles. The membrane bound ligand Nogo-A induces inhibition of neurite outgrowth, cell spreading, adhesion and migration via multi-subunit receptor complexes. Here, we identified the 4-transmembrane-spanning protein tetraspanin-3 (TSPAN3) as a new modulatory co-receptor for the Nogo-A inhibitory domain Nogo-A-Δ20. Single-molecule-tracking showed that TSPAN3 molecules in the cell membrane reacted with elevated mobility to Nogo-A binding, followed by association with the signal transducing Nogo-A receptor sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). Subsequently, TSPAN3 was co-internalized as part of the Nogo-A ligand – receptor complex into early endosomes, where it subsequently separated from Nogo-A and S1PR2 to be recycled to the cell surface. The functional importance of the Nogo-A – TSPAN3 interaction is shown by the fact that knockdown of TSPAN3 strongly reduced the Nogo-A-induced S1PR2 clustering, RhoA activation and cell spreading and neurite outgrowth inhibition. In addition to the modulatory functions of TSPAN3 on Nogo-A-S1PR2 signaling, these results illustrate the very dynamic spatiotemporal reorganizations of membrane proteins during ligand-induced receptor complex organizations.
A 2,2′-Bipyridine Dipalladium(II) Coordination System That Shows Three Different Coordination Modes of 3-Aminopropanethiol on Deprotonation
Authors: Kouno Masahiro , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: August 2015

Three dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) were synthesized from [Pd(bpy)Cl2] and 3-aminopropanethiol (Hapt) by changing reaction conditions. It was found that Hapt can adopt three different coordination modes (Hapt-κ2S, apt-κN,κ2S, H−1apt-κ2N,κ2S) dependent on its protonation states in this coordination system.
Hydrogenolysis of 1-Alkoxybenzocyclobutenes with Site-selective Cleavage of the Sterically Hindered C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bond
Authors: Sawano Shota , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro
Published: August 2015

1-Alkoxybenzocyclobutenes undergo ring-opening hydrogenolysis with site-selective cleavage of the sterically hindered C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond on Pd/C.
Integrated tRNA, transcript, and protein profiles in response to steroid hormone signaling
Authors: Van Bortle Kevin , Nichols Michael H. , Ramos Edward , Corces Victor G.
Published: August 2015

The accurate and efficient transfer of genetic information into amino acid sequences is carried out through codon–anticodon interactions between mRNA and tRNA, respectively. In this way, tRNAs function at the interface between gene expression and protein synthesis. Whether tRNA levels are dynamically regulated and to what degree tRNA abundance influences the cellular proteome remains largely unexplored. Here we profile tRNA, transcript and protein levels in Drosophila Kc167 cells, a plasmatocyte cell line that, upon treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, differentiates into macrophages. We find that high abundance tRNAs associate with codons that are overrepresented in the Kc167 cell proteome, whereas tRNAs that are in low supply associate with codons that are underrepresented. Ecdysone-induced differentiation of Kc167 cells leads to changes in mRNA codon usage in a manner consistent with the developmental progression of the cell. At both early and late time points, ecdysone treatment concomitantly increases the abundance of tRNAThr(CGU), which decodes a differentiation-associated codon that becomes enriched in the macrophage proteome. These results together suggest that tRNA levels may provide a meaningful regulatory mechanism for defining the cellular proteomic landscape.
The Edge Set Cost of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Reinhardt Line Blander , Jepsen Mads Kehlet , Pisinger David
Published: August 2015

We consider an important generalization of the vehicle routing problem with time windows in which a fixed cost must be paid for accessing a set of edges. This fixed cost could reflect payment for toll roads, investment in new facilities, the need for certifications, and other costly investments. The certifications and investments impose a cost for the company while they also give unlimited usage of a set of roads to all vehicles belonging to the company.

This violates the traditional assumption that the path between two destinations is well defined and independent of other choices. Different versions for defining the edge sets are discussed and formulated. Both the multigraph case and the direct path case are described, and mixed-integer-programming formulations of the problem are presented for both cases. A solution method based on branch-price-and-cut is applied to the direct path case. The computational results show that instances with up to 40 customers can be solved in a reasonable time, and that the branch-cut-and-price algorithm generally outperforms CPLEX.
Collaborative research partnerships for knowledge mobilisation
Authors: Edelstein Hilary
Published: August 2015

This study examines elements of collaborative research partnerships (CRPs) between university researchers and organisations who engage in knowledge mobilisation activities in education. The study uses key informant interviews and document analysis from one type of partnership, and a survey of university-community partnerships across Canada to explore this phenomenon. Findings demonstrate that working across university researchers and community organisations builds capacity for research use to inform decision making; CRPs are more informal than formal entities; how partners communicate is integral to their success; variance in partnership involvement does not impact the success of the partnership in goal meeting.
The examination of empathetic skill levels of primary education teachers regarding socio-demographic variables and their preferred discipline types
Authors: Karakuş Fatma , Tümkaya Songül
Published: August 2015

The aim of the research is to examine the empathetic skill levels of primary education teachers according to socio-demographic variables and their preferred discipline types. The research model is relational screening model. The data of the research were obtained from 293 primary education teachers that are employed in 40 primary schools by "Empathetic Skill Scale ' B form", "Discipline Types Scale" and information collection form developed by the researcher. The results obtained from the research show that there is a significant difference between empathetic skill scores of teachers regarding age, educational level and preferred discipline types; besides the age variable predicted the empathic skill scores. It was revealed that the empathetic skill decreased with age while this skill increased with the increase of educational level. That there was a low, negative and significant correlation between the sub-dimensions of Discipline Types Scale and empathetic skill was another finding of the study. It was found that the age variable negatively and significantly predicted being at high level of empathic skill. Consequently, some suggestions were offered by utilizing the findings of the research.
On the local-global principle for integral Apollonian 3-circle packings
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: August 2015

In this paper
we study the integral properties of Apollonian 3-circle packings, which are variants of the standard Apollonian circle packings. Specifically, we study the reduction theory, formulate a local-global conjecture, and prove a density one version of this conjecture. Along the way, we prove a uniform spectral gap for the congruence towers of the symmetry group.
Levels of Multiplexity in Entrepreneur’s Networks: Implications for Dynamism and Value Creation
Authors: Bliemel Martin J. , McCarthy Ian P. , Maine Elicia M. A.
Published: August 2015

Relationships and networks are important to how entrepreneurs create value. However, many aspects about relationships and networks remain poorly understood because their characteristics are often reduced to one-dimensional variables or dichotomous measures. This paper unpacks the concept of multiplexity and proposes a hierarchy of four different levels (
Questioning Non-Discrimination, Equality, and Human Rights in Contemporary Turkey from the Perspective of the Alevi Religious Community
Authors: Erol Melih Uğraş
Published: August 2015

For several decades, the international community has criticized Turkey for failing to uphold the human rights and freedoms of its citizens and for not realizing the principles of non-discrimination and equality within its borders. As Turkey’s European Union (EU) candidacy proceeds, religious groups such as the Alevis claim to face discrimination and violations of their human rights and freedoms by the Turkish state. The Justice and Development Party (JDP,
Takings and Tax Revenue: Fiscal Impacts of Eminent Domain
Authors: Kerekes Carrie B. , Stansel Dean
Published: August 2015

In the landmark 2005
Risk Aversion, the Hand Rule, and Comparison between Strict Liability and the Negligence Rule
Authors: Lee Kangoh
Published: August 2015

One of the most important propositions in the economics of liability rules states that strict liability and the negligence rule are equivalent and first-best efficient if the standard of due care is set according to the Hand rule. This proposition hinges on the assumption that individuals are risk neutral. This paper considers this proposition with risk-averse individuals, and demonstrates that the proposition does not extend. In particular, the two liability rules are not equivalent, and the analysis compares the two liability rules in terms of utilitarian social welfare.
A Presynaptic Regulatory System Acts Transsynaptically via Mon1 to Regulate Glutamate Receptor Levels in Drosophila
Authors: Deivasigamani Senthilkumar , Basargekar Anagha , Shweta Kumari , Sonavane Pooja , Ratnaparkhi Girish S , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha
Published: August 2015

Mon1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the conversion of Rab5 positive early endosomes to late endosomes through the recruitment of Rab7. We have identified a role for Drosophila Mon1 in regulating glutamate receptor levels at the larval neuromuscular junction. We generated mutants in Dmon1 through P-element excision. These mutants are short-lived with strong motor defects. At the synapse, the mutants show altered bouton morphology with several small supernumerary or satellite boutons surrounding a mature bouton; a significant increase in expression of GluRIIA and reduced expression of Bruchpilot. Neuronal knockdown of Dmon1 is sufficient to increase GluRIIA levels, suggesting its involvement in a presynaptic mechanism that regulates postsynaptic receptor levels. Ultrastructural analysis of mutant synapses reveals significantly smaller synaptic vesicles. Overexpression of vglut suppresses the defects in synaptic morphology and also downregulates GluRIIA levels in Dmon1 mutants, suggesting that homeostatic mechanisms are not affected in these mutants. We propose that DMon1 is part of a presynaptically regulated transsynaptic mechanism that regulates GluRIIA levels at the larval neuromuscular junction.
Межславянские лексические заимствования в дипломатической корреспонденции Московского государства
Authors: Гарбуль Людмила
Published: August 2015

The article examines the origin of the following words found in the diplomatic correspondence of Muscovite Russia of the 17th century: взглядъ ‘point of view; standpoint; opinion; appraisal’ (мѣ ти взглядъ ‘consider, take into consideration’), выполняти ‘implement, fulfil, carry out‘, высвобожати ‘free, liberate’, дал(ь)ший ‘further, subsequent’, доведенье ‘argument; proving, proof, substantiation’, догажати, догодити ‘please; oblige; play up to’, додавати ‘add to, give’, доложити ‘add to; supplement with’, and допомогати ‘help, assist, aid’. The paper retraces their further fate in Russian and other East Slavonic languages as well as in the Polish language. The author aims at proving that these intra-Slavonic derivates are inter-Slavonic lexical loanwords (Polonisms) in the Russian language. It is also stated that the word высвобожати probably is a loanword from the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Russian written language of the 17th century.
Отголоски советского пуризма в постсоветском метадискурсе о языке
Authors: Hyun Nam Hye
Published: August 2015

Significant social and political shifts cause basic changes in a language culture such as the abolition of old models of writing, speaking, and the establishment of a new model of language usage, which leads to the emergence of puristic reaction to language processes. This paper examines various manifestations of purism in the metadiscourse on modern Russian language and analyzes how they overlap with the purism in the Soviet language policy.
Индоевропейское происхождение поэтического языка «Слова о полку Игореве»: грамматические свидетельства
Authors: Назаров Назарий
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present study is to show that the poetic language of Slovo o polku Igorevě can be traced back to the common Indo-European poetic thesaurus. The study focuses on the hymn-like fragments of the Slovo: Yaroslavna’s lament and Sviatoslav’s golden word. The novelty of the approach is the special attention to the sequences of morphemes in the texts that can be distinguished as reflections of the Indo-European hymn (besides Slovo’s fragments, also Ukrainian folklore texts, Homeric prayers, Homeric hymns, Orphic hymns, and Old Latin charms were analyzed). The grammatical comparison showed that each compositional part of the hymns has its own characteristic morphological features of common Indo-European origin. Furthermore, morphological devices are chained in series that are stable and function as base for the composition of the hymn. The use of morphological formants should have been determined by oral tradition because from the range of semantically close formants of a distinctive language only one is chosen, cognates of which are used in other analyzed traditions. It leads to the conclusion that orality and authenticity of the Slovo’s hymn-like fragments are supported by the common Indo-European morphological chains.
«Империальная формула» в русской поэзии
Authors: Душечкина Е. В.
Published: August 2015

L. Pumpyansky noted the frequent use of “Imperial formula” or “formula stretch of Russia” in 18th-century Russian poetry (mainly in Lomonosov’s works). This poetic structure is built by using the prepositions from and to: from one boundary to the other (“From the White sea to the Black sea”). The size of the Russian territory has always been a source of pride for Russian national consciousness, satisfying national geopolitical ambitions and, apparently, thus the “Imperial formula” has often been used in Russian poetry for over three centuries.
Application of the Electron Density Correlation Function for Structural Analysis of X-ray Scattering/Diffraction Information from Polymer-based Nano-Composites
Authors: Song Kenan , Zhang Yiying , Tajaddod Navid , Minus Marilyn L.
Published: August 2015

Modern diffraction and scattering methods of X-ray radiation allow for multi-scale probing of the material morphology for both polymer-based composite films and fibers. These approaches and analyses tools can be used to map the makeup of individual grain structures in various polymer nano-composites in order to examine the effects of the fillers on nano-scale structural changes in the materials. The electron intensity correlation function, derived from Fourier transformations of the X-ray scattering pattern provides a path to analyze acquired data for space resolved domains. Here in this study, polymer-based nano-carbon composite systems are analyzed. The polymers used include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, and polyacrilonitrile as matrix materials. The nano-carbon filler contribution to the grain size evolution is tracked by X-ray scattering/diffraction characterization. These results show that the relevant sizes of crystalline and amorphous domains within the lamellae structures correspond to the dispersion/distribution of the nano-filler in the composite materials. This work mainly illustrates an effective use of the correlation function to provide global morphological analysis in the composite system.