bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P151:
Acculturation Predicts Activity-specific Parenting Practices In Hispanic/Latino Youth
Authors: Gonzalez Christopher J , Lecroy Madison N , Daviglus Martha L , Van Horn Linda , Gallo Linda , Gonzalez Franklyn , Perreira Krista , Llabre Maria , Isasi Carmen R
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hispanic youth are less physically active and more sedentary than non-Hispanic youth, contributing to relatively high rates of obesity among the nation’s largest ethnic minority group. Though parents can influence children’s behavior, it is unclear whether parenting practices related to the child’s physical activity are associated with activity in Hispanic/Latino youth, and whether cultural and environmental contexts predict the use of these parenting practices.

Objective:
We assessed 1) whether activity-specific parenting practices (ASPPs) are associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary activity among Hispanic/Latino youth, and 2) if higher parental acculturation and greater perceived neighborhood-level socioeconomic challenges are associated with the use of less effective ASPP patterns.

Methods:
Youth from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth; n=976) were examined. Activity was assessed using 7-day accelerometer data. ASPPs were identified from the Parenting strategies for Eating and Activity Scale (PEAS) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the ten items on activity. We used survey-weighted linear regression models to assess whether derived ASPPs predicted mean daily MVPA and sedentary time. K-means cluster analysis was used to group individuals based on ASPP use. Finally, we used survey-weighted multinomial logistic regression models to examine the association of parent acculturation-related measures and perceived neighborhood socioeconomic status and barriers to activity with ASPP cluster membership.

Results:
Factor analysis of the activity-specific PEAS items identified three ASPPs: Limit Setting, Discipline, and Monitoring/Reinforcement. Discipline predicted higher MVPA in females only (β 1.89 [95% CI 0.11-3.67]), and Monitoring/Reinforcement predicted higher MVPA in males only (β 4.71 [95% CI 0.68-8.74]). There was no association between Limit Setting and MVPA or any ASPPs and sedentary activity. K-cluster analysis revealed three ASPP patterns: Restrictive (high scores for Limit Setting and Discipline), Supportive (high scores for Limit Setting and Monitoring/Reinforcement) and Permissive (low score across ASPPs). Higher Anglo-orientation on the Brief ARSMA-II acculturation measure predicted membership in the Supportive compared to Permissive cluster (p= 0.03), while perceived neighborhood characteristics did not predict ASPP cluster membership.

Conclusions:
ASPPs are associated with MVPA in sex-specific ways but have no association with sedentary activity in Hispanic/Latino youth. Among acculturation and neighborhood characteristics, only Anglo-orientation predicted ASPPs patterns. More research is needed to understand how acculturation is influencing ASPPs and if ASPPs can be leveraged to change children’s activity.
Abstract P156: Association Of Blood Pressure Responses To Submaximal Exercise With Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Lee Joowon , Shrout Tara , Benjamin Emelia J , Ramachandran Vasan S , Xanthakis Vanessa
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a leading cause of stroke. Blood pressure (BP) responses to submaximal exercise are associated with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. The association of BP responses to submaximal exercise with incident AF in the community is unknown.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that higher BP during and slower BP recovery after submaximal exercise are associated with a higher risk of incident AF.

Methods:
We evaluated Framingham Offspring Study participants who attended examination cycle 7, were free of AF, and underwent submaximal treadmill exercise testing. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained pre-exercise (standing), during exercise (second stage, 2.5 mph at 12% grade), and 3-minutes post-exercise (supine). ΔBP during exercise was defined as exercise BP minus pre-exercise BP. ΔBP during recovery was defined as peak exercise BP minus 3-minutes post-exercise BP. We related exercise BP variables to risk of AF using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, resting heart rate, resting SBP, resting DBP, use of antihypertensive medication, current smoking status, and diabetes.

Results:
We studied 2,002 participants (mean age 58 years; 53% women). During a median follow-up of 15 years, 236 participants (39% women) developed AF. We observed a positive association of exercise DBP and ΔDBP during exercise with risk of AF (Hazards Ratio [HR] per standard deviation [SD] increase 1.28, 95% CI 1.12-1.47 and HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39, respectively). There was also a positive association between 3 minutes post-exercise SBP and AF risk (HR per SD-increase 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60) and an inverse relation between ΔSBP during recovery and AF risk (HR per SD-increase 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.94,
Table
)

Conclusions:
BP responses to submaximal exercise during midlife may serve as a marker for AF risk in later life.
Abstract P164: Understanding The Health Of Mothers Of A Child With Congenital Heart Disease Utilizing Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Delaney Rebecca K , Wesolowski Sergiusz , Tristani-Firouzi Martin , Fagerlin Angela , Pinto Nelangi M , Lemmon Gordon , Henrie Alex , Yandell Mark
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
With improved survival of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), more parents are managing medical care for their child into adulthood, which can negatively affect parental health. The prevalence of mental and physical health conditions in affected mothers are not well quantified.

Hypothesis:
Mothers of a child with CHD (excluding mild CHD) have increased odds of being diagnosed with mental and physical health conditions compared to mothers of a child without CHD.

Methods:
A retrospective study with linked maternal-child EHR data was conducted. Kernel density plots, two sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and Bayesian networks were used for analyses.

Results:
A total of 3,480 mothers of a child with CHD and 252,206 mothers without a child with CHD were identified. Densities significantly differed between groups for most diagnoses and often occurred earlier for mothers with a child with CHD. Mothers of child with CHD (≤40 years) had increased odds of having a mental or physical health diagnosis (Figure & Table).

Conclusion:
Understanding how to support mothers of a child with CHD and improve engagement in preventive health behaviors is critical.
Abstract P166: Plasma Acylcarnitines During Pregnancy And Neonatal Anthropometry: A Prospective And Longitudinal Study
Authors: Song Yiqing , Lyu Chen , Li Ming , Rahman Mohammad , Zhu Yeyi , Hinkle Stefanie , Chen Liwei , Mitro Susanna D , Li Lingjun , Weir Natalie , Tsai Michael Y , Zhang Cuilin
Published: May 2021

As surrogate readouts reflecting tissue acyl-CoA pools, elevated levels of plasma acylcarnitines have been associated with cardiometabolic disorders, such as obesity, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to examine prospective associations of acylcarnitine profiles across gestation with neonatal anthropometry, including birthweight (BW), BW z-score, the sum of skinfolds (SS), body length, and head circumference. We quantified 28 acylcarnitines using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in plasma collected at gestational weeks 10-14, 15-26, 23-31 and 33-39 among 321 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons and performed latent-class trajectory approach to identify trajectories of acylcarnitines across gestation. We examined the associations of individual acylcarnitines and distinct trajectory groups with neonatal outcomes using weighted generalized linear models adjusting for maternal age, race, education, parity, gestational age of blood collection, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Women showed changes in plasma levels of all acylcartinines across gestation and had at least two significantly distinct group-based trajectories for 32% of acylcartinines. Longitudinally, women with increased C12 levels across gestation (5.7%) had significantly smaller BW (-475 g; 95% CI, -942, -6.79), BW z-score (-0.39, 95% CI, -0.71, -0.06), and length (-1.38, 95% CI, -2.49, -0.27) than those with persistently stable C12 levels during pregnancy (all FDR<0.05). Women with persistently higher levels of C10 (6.1%) or C10:1 (87.4%) had greater sum of skinfolds (4.91, 95%, 0.85, 8.98) than those with lower levels during pregnancy (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study identified that gestational trajectories of C10, C10:1, and C12 acylcarnitine levels were significantly associated with neonatal anthropometry. Further studies are needed to replicate and assess clinical utility of these findings.
Abstract P172: Endothelial Function In The Early Years After Delivery: Effect Of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Activity Behaviors
Authors: Lane-Cordova Abbi D , O'Connor Erin , Catov Janet M , Fernhall Bo , Liu Jihong , Wilcox Sara
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction may indicate early CVD and can be influenced by physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED).

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized women with a past APO would have worse endothelial function versus controls and that mid-pregnancy and current PA would be directly related while SED would be inversely related to endothelial function in the years soon after delivery.

Methods:
We used venous occlusion plethysmography to measure baseline forearm blood flow, reactive hyperemia, and vascular conductance (forearm blood flow/mean arterial pressure) in a case control study of 53 women 6 mo to 3 yrs after a singleton birth; 26% with past APO, 21% African American, mean age=33±1 yrs, mean BMI=27.4±0.9 kg/m
2
. Current and mid-pregnancy leisure time PA and weekday SED were assessed with validated questionnaires. We evaluated differences in endothelial function by APO exposure with t-tests and relations of endothelial function with PA and SED with Spearman correlations.

Results:
Baseline forearm blood flow (APO: 1.6±0.2; non-APO: 1.8±0.1 ml*min
-1
*100 ml
-1
tissue, p=0.3) and reactive hyperemia (APO: 13.2±2; non-APO: 11.4±1 ml*min
-1
*100 ml
-1
, p=0.8) were similar between groups. Vascular conductance was non-significantly lower in women with a past APO: 1.7x10
-2
versus 2.1x10
-2
ml*min
-1
*100 ml
-1
mmHg
-1
in women without a past APO, p<0.10. Vascular conductance was related to current and mid-pregnancy SED (figure) but not PA (r=0.2 and r=0.06, p>0.05 for mid-pregnancy and current PA). Associations of mid-pregnancy and current SED with vascular conductance after delivery persisted after adjustment for age and BMI.

Conclusions:
Forearm vascular conductance tended to be lower soon after delivery in women with an APO. Mid-pregnancy and current SED were inversely related to forearm vascular conductance and may represent targets for interventions aimed at improving endothelial function after delivery.
Abstract P173: Physical Activity In Relation To Fasting And Post-meal Blood Glucose In Pregnant Women With Diabetes
Authors: Savin Kimberly L , Gallo Linda C , Larsen Britta A
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Pregnant women with diabetes often show low levels of physical activity (PA) and high sedentary behavior (SED). Longitudinal studies with objective measures are needed to understand the relationships of daily PA with daily and next-day blood glucose (BG).

Hypothesis:
Increased steps or moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and decreased SED are linked with lower post-meal BG and next day fasting BG in pregnant women.

Methods:
Participants were 10 pregnant women with diabetes [mean age= 29.3 (SD= 3.6); mean gestational age= 21.9 (SD= 3.9); 90% (9 of 10) Latina] enrolled in a 12-week pilot PA intervention. Participants self-reported demographic and BG data (morning fasting BG, up to 3 daily post-meal BGs). Steps, MVPA (mins/day), and SED (mins/day) were measured using a Fitbit Alta HR. Participants had on average 49 (range: 21 to 77) days with valid PA and BG data, for a total of 469 observations. Multi-level models (MLMs) were fit to examine mean and day-level effects of steps, MVPA, and SED on post-meal and next-day fasting BG after adjusting for age, gestational age, education, and participant mean PA or SED. Due to the small sample size, effect sizes are emphasized in results instead of statistical significance.

Results:
The mean post-meal BG was 122.5 mg/dL and mean fasting BG was 92.81 mg/dL. After adjustment, an increase of mean steps by 1000 was linked to a lower mean post-meal BG by 11.79 mg/dL (p=0.22) and fasting BG by 7.26 mg/dL (p=0.54), though neither between effect was statistically significant. The within-individual effects of daily steps on post-meal and fasting BG were very small and non-significant (b=-1.78; p=0.59; b=0.72; p=0.30, respectively). A 1-minute increase in mean MVPA was associated with a slight increase in mean post-meal BG by 1.53 mg/dL (p=0.07). The within-individual effect of daily MVPA on daily post-meal BG was negligible and non-significant (b=-0.39, p=0.51). Between-individual effects showed SED had small, positive, non-significant associations with post-meal BG. Specifically, per 60-minute mean SED increase, mean post-meal BG increased by 1.02 mg/dL (p=0.44). Within-individual daily SED increases of 60 minutes were associated with increases of 1.87 mg/dL (p=0.63) in daily post-meal BG. MVPA and SED were not associated with fasting BG.

Conclusions:
Greater mean steps were linked to lower post-meal and fasting BG while greater SED and MVPA were linked to greater post-meal BG. However, within individual daily increases in MVPA and decreases in SED, were protective for post-meal BG, while controlling for individual mean MVPA and SED. Most effect sizes were small and results were not statistically significant in part due to the small sample size. Participants generally had well-controlled post-meal and fasting BGs, so results may not be generalizable to larger populations.
Abstract P179: Cardiometabolic Profile Of A Young Adult Population Assisted By A Primary Health Care Unit In Brazil- LAPARC Cohort Study
Authors: Bellotti Azevedo Rafael , Deberaldini Marinho Beatriz , de Souza Mello Tomás , Gopp Botelho Bruna , Gonçalves de Hollanda João Victor , Villa Leão Ferreira Leonardo , Zarur Junqueira de Andrade Letícia , Kuster Machado Maíra , Lilienwald Oei Stephanie S , Fiuza Gomes Monteiro Daniela , Silaid Muxfeldt Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Dyslipidemia, Glucose Intolerance (GI), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are metabolic conditions often asymptomatic and related to high cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, these conditions are not commonly screened in younger adults. The LapARC cohort Study is a population-based study to assess CV risk profile in a young adult population.

Objective:
To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia, DM, GI, and MS in a young adult population enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods:
Cross-sectional population study that enrolled individuals aged 20-50 years registered in an FHS unit in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic, anthropometric characteristics, and CV risk factors were recorded. Office blood pressure (BP) was obtained by the average of 2 measurements obtained on two different occasions. All participants underwent laboratory evaluation (lipid and glycemic profile) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Two screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): STOP-BANG (SBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were applied.

Results:
We evaluated 575 individuals [39% male gender; average age: 39.9 ± 8.7 years old]. The most common modifiable CV risk factors were physical inactivity (43.0%), and obesity (25.0%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 57.6%. These individuals had a higher prevalence of male gender (42.0% vs 34.0%), MS (25.0% vs 4.0%), and high risk for OSA by ESS (35.0% vs 27%). A total of 91 individuals (15.8%) were diagnosed with MS, being predominantly males (52.0% vs 36.0%), older and obese (46.0% vs 21.0%), with a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (90.0% vs 52.0%), GI (20.0% vs 5.0%), hypertension (63.0% vs 18.0%) with uncontrolled office and Home BP. They also had a high risk for OSA by SBQ and ESS (25.0% vs 8.0%). Moreover, a total of 55 (9.6%) subjects presented an altered glycemic profile. These individuals were older with a higher prevalence of obesity (38.0% vs 24.0%), hypertension (36.0% vs 23.0%), uncontrolled HBPM (22.0% vs 12.0%) and MS (29.0% vs 13.0%) when compared to normoglycemic patients.

Conclusion:
This young and apparently healthy population has an adverse cardiometabolic profile, indicating the importance of precocious CV risk stratification. Thus, efficient primary preventive strategies can be implemented to reduce the probability of CV disease development in the future.
Abstract P197: Household And Neighborhood Context As Contributors To Racial Disparities In Sleep Among Adolescents
Authors: Saelee Ryan , Haardörfer Regine , Johnson Dayna A , Gazmararian Julie A , Suglia Shakira F
Published: May 2021

Background:
Short sleep duration (e.g., <9 hours (hrs) for 6-12 years and <8 hrs for 13-18 years) is highly prevalent and associated with cardiometabolic risk among adolescents. Significant racial disparities in sleep duration among adolescents have been found. Investigating mechanisms driving sleep disparities is important for informing interventions to reduce disparities. Neighborhood and household stressors may contribute to racial disparities in sleep among adolescents as prior literature have found them to be patterned by race/ethnicity and associated with sleep duration. This study examined neighborhood and household context as mediators in the association between race/ethnicity (a proxy for sociocultural factors such as racism) and sleep duration among adolescents.

Methods:
Participants (n=13,019) were from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative multi-ethnic sample of adolescents and their health in adulthood. Sleep duration was self-reported in whole hours per day and categorized based on age-specific cut-offs for short sleep (6-12 years: <9 hrs, 13-18 years: <8 hrs, 19-25 years: <7 hrs) vs. recommended (6-13 years: 9-11 hrs, 14-17 years: 8-10 hrs, 18-25 years: 7-9 hrs). Neighborhood factors included neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g. census tract measures: proportions of female-headed households, individuals below the poverty threshold, individuals receiving public assistance, adults with < high school education, and adults unemployed), perceived safety and social cohesion. Household factors included living in a single parent household and household SES (e.g. highest parental education, income, and occupation). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to simultaneously assess mediation of neighborhood and household context in the association between race/ethnicity and short sleep duration adjusting for age and sex.

Results:
The sample was 4% Asian, 15% African American (AA), 2% American Indian (AI), 12% Hispanic, and 66% non-Hispanic White (NHW) and mean age 15 years (SD=.1). In SEM, AAs (β=.055, p<.001) and Asians (β=.047, p=.047) were more likely to have short sleep duration than NHW. Higher household SES was associated with a greater probability for short sleep duration (β=.061, p=.004) in the total sample. Only household SES was a significant mediator, explaining 11.6%, 9.9%, and 42.4% of AA-NHW, AI-NHW, and Hispanic-NHW differences, respectively.

Conclusion:
Although household SES partially explained racial disparities, improving household SES conditions for racial/ethnic minority adolescents may not reduce disparities, given that higher household SES was positively associated with short sleep duration. Future studies should explore buffers for racial/ethnic minority adolescents in the context of SES to inform interventions and reduce disparities in sleep.
Abstract P205: A National Study Examining Association Between Frequency Of Cannabis Use And Demographic, Socioeconomic, And Behavioral Risk Factors
Authors: Jeffers Abra M , Byers Amy , Keyhani Salomeh
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cannabis use is becoming increasingly common. Yet, little is known about the frequency of past month cannabis use and how it is associated with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors.

Hypothesis:
Vulnerable populations will have higher frequency of cannabis use. Individuals that have lower socioeconomic status, and or other behavioral risk factors (e.g. smoking) will have higher frequency of use compared to non-users.

Methods:
We combined four years (2016-2019), of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a large national survey of adults conducted annually by the CDC. The large sample size (unweighted N = 394,285) allowed the categorization of cannabis use. We examined the distribution of use and categorized past 30 day use into four categories: non-use (0 days, 90.7%), infrequent use (1-5 days, 2.9%), frequent use (6-29 days, 3.0%) and daily use (30 days, 3.3%). The subcategorizations of cannabis use frequency were treated as an ordinal variable. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to examine the association of the frequency of cannabis use with demographics (age, gender race/ethnicity, marital status), socioeconomic (educational attainment, employment status, annual household income), and behavioral (access to legal cannabis, smoking status, e-cigarette use, alcohol use and risky alcohol use) factors.

Results:
A multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that being male (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.61), black (AOR = 1.55; 95%CI: 1.40, 1.72), unemployed (AOR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.11-1.29), having access to legal medical (AOR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.32) or recreational (AOR = 2.52; 95%CI: 2.30, 2.76) cannabis, were associated with greater frequency of cannabis consumption. In addition, smoking tobacco (AOR = 2.18; 95%CI: 2.00, 2.37), e-cigarettes use (AOR = 3.51; 95%CI: 3.08, 4.01), past month alcohol use (AOR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.81, 2.13) and binge drinking (AOR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.63, 1.94) were also associated with greater frequency of cannabis consumption. Being older (AOR = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.20), Asian (AOR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.55, 0.79), Hispanic (AOR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.60, 0.75), married (AOR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.52, 0.60), and higher income (AOR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.79, 0.97) were all associated with lower frequency of cannabis use.

Conclusion:
The most salient factors associated with greater frequency of cannabis use had to do with low socioeconomic status, recreational access to cannabis, and use of substances such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Vulnerable populations had high odds of cannabis use, and frequent cannabis use was associated with health behaviors that increase cardiovascular risk.
Abstract P206: Modeling The Impact Of The Tobacco 21 Policy In El Paso, Texas
Authors: Panjwani Sonya S , Li Yan , Garney Whitney R
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
On December 20, 2019, the federal Tobacco 21 (T21) law was passed. This new legislation raised the minimum legal purchase age for tobacco products from 18 to 21 years. Thirty-three states in the US have implemented the law, but 19 states have yet to enact it. Public health practitioners and policymakers need more evidence on the impact of the T21 Policy at the local level to encourage adequate enforcement.

Objective:
To project the health and economic impact of the T21 Policy in El Paso, Texas, which is the focus area of the Heart Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Program implemented by the American Heart Association.

Methods:
Using an agent-based model of smoking behavior and a microsimulation model of cardiovascular disease, we projected the long-term effects of the T21 Policy on smoking prevalence and cardiovascular health outcomes in El Paso, Texas. Population characteristics and model parameters were estimated based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, US Life Tables, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Annual smoking prevalence was derived from the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and County Health Rankings. The policy effects were determined from established effect sizes from published literature.

Results:
The estimated prevalence of smoking in El Paso, Texas decreased by 2.7% among 18-24 year olds and by 5.2% among 25-44 year olds in 20 years with the implementation of the T21 policy; these results are statistically significant (p<0.01 for both population groups). Our results also revealed that the T21 Policy could prevent cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Specifically, compared to the no-policy situation, the policy would prevent 5.4 CHD events (from 305.2 to 299.8) per 1,000 adults and 10.8 stroke events (from 232.6 to 221.8) per 1,000 adults over lifetime. The model also projected a reduction in health care costs due to the T21 Policy, as the estimated lifetime health care costs decreased from $425,672 per person without the T21 Policy to $423,376 per person with the policy.

Conclusions:
This study provides important information for policymakers to understand the potential impacts of the T21 Policy in El Paso, Texas. The projected decreases in tobacco use, cardiovascular disease, and health care costs as a result of the T21 Policy could assist in advocating for T21 Policy enactment in other areas of the US.
Abstract P215: Association Of Lung Function In Mid-life With Central Artery Stiffness Later In Life, The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study
Authors: Peter Kennedy , Pike James R , Preisser John , Kucharska-newton Anna , Meyer Michelle , Palta Priya , Lu Yifei , Matsushita Kunihiro , Mirabelli Maria , Thomas Alvin G , Hughes Timothy M , Heiss Gerardo M
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Poor lung function and aortic stiffness often co-occur, but causal and temporal relationships are equivocal. Investigating relationships between mid-life lung function and arterial stiffness later in life may highlight modifiable targets to slow arterial aging.

Objective:
Assess whether lung function in mid-life is associated with central artery stiffness later in life, and whether this relationship is modified by baseline smoking status, hypertension, or diabetes.

Methods:
We included 3,529 ARIC cohort participants (60% women; 22% Black; mean baseline age 51.4 (SD: 4.9)) who attended visits 1 (1987-1989) and 5 (2011-2013). Spirometry included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of high-quality grades. Central artery stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)) was measured at visit 5. Associations of mid-life lung function with later-life central artery stiffness (cfPWV>75
th
percentile) were evaluated by multivariable Poisson and logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. Sensitivity analyses excluded participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identified from surveillance of hospitalizations occurring in follow up (N=109).

Results:
Mean FEV1 at visit 1 was 3.04 L (SD: 0.73) and FVC was 3.99 L (SD: 0.96). Lung function varied by thoracic height. Visits 1 and 5 were a mean of 23.8 years apart, and mean cfPWV at visit 5 was 1167 cm/s (SD: 379). Lung function at visit 1 was inversely associated with adjusted prevalence and odds of later cfPWV>75
th
percentile among those present at visit 5 (Table). Stratum-specific estimates suggested modification by baseline smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes, but were not nominally statistically different. Sensitivity analyses did not alter inferences.

Conclusion:
Lung function at mid-life is inversely associated with central artery stiffness in later life. Whether change in mid-life pulmonary function is associated with arterial stiffness later in life warrants further examination.
Abstract P217: Associations Of Adipokine Levels With The Prevalence And Extent Of Valvular And Thoracic Aortic Calcification: The Multi-ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sweeney Ty , Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Ndumele Chiadi E , Zhao Di , Varma Bhavya , Allison Matthew A , Budoff Matthew , Fashanu Oluwaseun E , Sharma Apurva , Bertoni Alain G , Michos Erin
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Extra-coronary calcification (ECC), a marker of systemic atherosclerosis, is an independent risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipokines participate in many cardiometabolic pathways and may mediate the effect of obesity on atherosclerosis. However, the relationship of adipokines with ECC is not well established. We hypothesized that higher leptin and resistin levels and lower adiponectin levels would be associated with a greater extent of ECC.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1,955 community dwelling adults free of clinical CVD in the MESA cohort. Serum adipokine levels and a cardiac CT scan were obtained at exam 2 or 3 (randomly assigned). ECC was quantified by Agatston score and included calcification of the mitral annulus (MAC), aortic valve (AVC), ascending thoracic aorta (ATAC) and descending thoracic aorta (DTAC). We used multivariable regression to evaluate the associations between leptin, resistin and adiponectin (per 1 SD of log transformed adipokine) with the prevalence and extent of ECC.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 62±10 years; 50% were women, 40% white, 13% Chinese, 21% Black and 26% Hispanic. In a model adjusted for demographics, we found 1) adiponectin was inversely associated with AVC prevalence and extent; 2) leptin was positively associated with MAC prevalence and extent; and 3) resistin was positively associated with ATAC prevalence and extent and with DTAC prevalence. After full adjustment for BMI and other CVD risk factors (
Table
), adiponectin remained inversely associated with AVC prevalence, and resistin remained associated with greater ATAC prevalence and extent. Leptin was not associated with measures of ECC after full adjustment. No adipokine was associated with MAC or DTAC after full adjustment.

Conclusion:
In this diverse cohort free from clinical CVD, we found significant associations between selected adipokines and specific markers of ECC. Adipokines may play a role in the development of systemic atherosclerosis.
Development of a Patient-Specific p.D85N-Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily E Member 1–Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocyte Model for Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Kim Maengjo , Ye Dan , John Kim C.S. , Zhou Wei , Tester David J. , Giudicessi John R. , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Prior epidemiological studies demonstrated that the p.D85N-Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1) common variant reduces repolarization reserve and predisposes to drug-induced QT prolongation/torsades de pointes. We sought to develop a cellular model for drug-induced long QT syndrome using a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM).

Methods:

p.D85N-KCNE1 iPSCs were generated from a 23-year-old female with an exaggerated heart rate-corrected QT interval response to metoclopramide (ΔQTc of 160 ms). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated 9 technology was used to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. Field potential duration and action potential duration (APD) were measured from iPSC-CMs.

Results:

At baseline, p.D85N-KCNE1 iPSC-CMs displayed significantly longer field potential duration (281±15 ms, n=13 versus 223±8.6 ms, n=14,
P
<0.01) and action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90; 579±22 ms, n=24 versus 465±33 ms, n=26,
P
<0.01) than isogenic-control iPSC-CMs. Dofetilide at a concentration of 2 nM increased significantly field potential duration (379±20 ms, n=13,
P
<0.01) and APD90 (666±11 ms, n=46,
P
<0.01) in p.D85N-KCNE1 iPSC-CMs but not in isogenic-control. The effect of dofetilide on APD90 (616±54 ms, n=7 versus 526±54 ms, n=10,
P
<0.05) was confirmed by Patch-clamp. Interestingly, treatment of p.D85N-KCNE1 iPSC-CMs with estrogen at a concentration of 1 nM exaggerated further dofetilide-induced APD90 prolongation (696±9 ms, n=81,
P
<0.01) and caused more early afterdepolarizations (11.7%) compared with isogenic control (APD90: 618±8 ms, n=115 and early afterdepolarizations: 2.6%,
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:

This iPSC-CM study provides further evidence that the p.D85N-KCNE1 common variant in combination with environmental factors such as QT prolonging drugs and female sex is proarrhythmic.
Immediate Compared With Delayed Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Presenting ≥12 Hours After Symptom Onset Is Not Associated With Improved Clinical Outcome
Authors: Ki You-Jeong , Kang Jeehoon , Yang Han-Mo , Woo Park Kyung , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Cho Myeong-Chan , Kim Chong-Jin , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Han Jung-Kyu , Kim Hyo-Soo ,   on behalf of investigators for Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health (KAMIR-NIH)
Published: May 2021

Background:

The role of immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; door-to-balloon time ≤90 minutes) in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who present ≥12 hours after symptom onset is still obscure. We sought to explore the clinical outcomes of immediate PCI in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction depending on presentation time.

Methods:

Using the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, a nationwide prospective multicenter registry in the Republic of Korea, we analyzed data from 5968 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. These patients were classified into the following groups: early presenters (n=5104 with symptom onset-to-door time <12 hours), late presenters (n=599 with symptom onset-to-door time 12–48 hours), and very late presenters (n=265 with symptom onset-to-door time ≥48 hours). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events, a composite of cardiac death, any myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization.

Results:

In early presenters, immediate PCI was significantly associated with a lower rate of major adverse cardiac events compared with delayed PCI (door-to-balloon time >90 minutes; immediate versus delayed PCI, 8.6% versus 17.9%; inverse probability weighting adjusted hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.56–0.71]). In late presenters, immediate PCI was not associated with better major adverse cardiac events outcomes (13.0% versus 14.8%; inverse probability weighting adjusted hazard ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77–1.44]). The same trend was found for cardiac death (early presenters: immediate versus delayed PCI, 5.6% versus 14.3%; inverse probability weighting adjusted hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.48–0.64]; late presenters: 9.9% versus 9.8%; inverse probability weighting adjusted hazard ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.86–1.82]). Very late presenters also showed the same trends as late presenters. Immediate PCI was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events in early presenters but not in late presenters.

Conclusions:

Immediate PCI, defined by time door-to-balloon time ≤90 minutes, for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who present ≥12 hours after symptom onset is not associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes as compared with delayed PCI (door-to-balloon time >90 minutes).
Valve-in-Surgical-Valve With SAPIEN 3 for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Based on Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality
Authors: Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Makkar Raj R. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Hermiller James , Greenbaum Adam , Babaliaros Vasilis , Shah Pinak B. , Bailey Stephen H. , Bapat Vinnie , Kapadia Samir , Abbas Amr E.
Published: May 2021

Background:

The use of valve-in-valve–transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV-TAVR) in degenerated aortic bioprosthesis has been increasing, but the Food and Drug Administration approval is limited to high-risk patients. We analyzed the real-world experience of SAPIEN 3 VIV-TAVR, especially in lower-risk patients, based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score.

Methods:

All transfemoral VIV-TAVR with the SAPIEN 3 and Ultra valves between June 2015 and January 2020 were identified using the STS/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry. Patients were grouped based on STS score (low score: <4%, intermediate score: 4%≤ and≤8%, high score: >8%). Propensity-matched (1:3) analysis was conducted to compare to patients undergoing native TAVR.

Results:

Of 145 917 SAPIEN 3 TAVR patients, 4460 (3%) underwent transfemoral VIV-TAVR with available baseline STS data in 4276 patients. Average age was 73.9±11.2, 66.4% were male, and the mean STS score was 6.9±6.0%. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.4% (observed to expected ratio, 0.33), and 1-year mortality was 10.8%. 30-day mortality and observed to expected ratio were 0.9% and 0.32 in low-score, 2.2% and 0.38 in the intermediate-score, and 4.3% and 0.31 in the high-score group. Based on propensity-matched analysis, 30-day mortality was similar and 1-year mortality was lower in VIV compared to native TAVR among all risk groups. When the groups were analyzed based on the Heart Team risk stratification using high-risk and non–high risk, the findings remained consistent.

Conclusions:

In this real-world study, VIV-TAVR had excellent 30-day and 1-year outcomes, especially in lower-risk patients. These findings may suggest the feasibility and expansion of VIV-TAVR in lower-risk patients. However, long-term follow-up continues to be crucial.
Association of Lesion Pattern and Dysphagia in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Hess Felix , Foerch Christian , Keil Fee , Seiler Alexander , Lapa Sriramya
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

Dysphagia is a common and severe symptom of acute stroke. Although intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) account for 10% to 15% of all strokes, the occurrence of dysphagia in this subtype of stroke has not been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall frequency and associated lesion locations and clinical predictors of dysphagia in patients with acute ICH.

Methods:

Our analysis included 132 patients with acute ICH. Clinical swallowing assessment was performed within 48 hours after admission. All patients underwent computed tomography imaging. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to determine lesion sites associated with dysphagia.

Results:

Eighty-four patients (63.6%) were classified as dysphagic. Higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, larger ICH volumes, and higher degree of disability were associated with dysphagia. Voxels showing a statistically significant association with dysphagia were mainly located in the right insular cortex, the right central operculum, as well as the basal ganglia, corona radiata, and the left thalamus and left internal capsule. In contrast to lobar regions, in subcortical deep brain areas also small lesion volumes (<10 mL) were associated with a substantial risk of dysphagia. Intraventricular ICH extension and midline shift as imaging findings indicating a space-occupying effect were not associated with dysphagia in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

Dysphagia is a frequent symptom in acute ICH. Distinct cortical and subcortical lesion sites are related to swallowing dysfunction and predictive for the development of dysphagia. Therefore, patients with ICH should be carefully evaluated for dysphagia independently from lesion size, in particular if deep brain regions are affected.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa RTAC 11 Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Temkar Lavina , Tripathi Ritika , Tiwari Abhishekh , Kaur Navjeet , Kirthi Arivarasan Vishnu , Chaskar Atul Changdev
Published: May 2021

Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been an area of research to avoid the harmful effects of the toxic chemicals used in its synthesis on our health and environment. In the present study, a novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-RTAC 11 isolated from soil
was used for the synthesis of AgNPs. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles like UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs through a signature peak at 420 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed the capping of AgNPs by proteins through signature
functional groups. The nano-size of the particles were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, thus indicating an excellent antibacterial agent.
Implanted Bioelectric Neuro Assay with Sensing Interface Circuit
Authors: Ly Suw Young , Park Hyeon Jeong , Won Jang Celina Jae , Ryu Katlynn , Kim Woo Seok , Jang Sung Joo , Lee Kyung
Published: May 2021

Neuromolecular glucose and dopamine assays were searched using a DNA immobilized onto a carbon nanotube paste electrode (PE). The analytical molecular detection limits of 0.13 ugL–1(6.855 × 10–10 M) Dopamine and 1.9 ugL–1 (1.06
× 10–8 M) glucose were attained using square wave stripping voltammetry. A handmade three-electrode system was implanted in the nerve network of a fish backbone, and two working electrodes were implanted in left and right pinna muscles. These were interfaced with a neuron
electrochemical workstation and a nerve machine sensing circuit. This interface could be obtained for the psychological function and other body functions. The interfaced circuit could be controlled with a machine system. The results are useful in machine brain intercontrol systems.
Does Beauty Matter? The Effect of Perceived Attractiveness on Children’s Moral Judgments of Harmful Actions against Animals
Authors: Collado Silvia , Rodríguez-Rey Rocío , Sorrel Miguel A.
Published: May 2021

The current research asks whether children’s judgments of harmful actions toward animals depend on animals’ perceived attractiveness. In Study 1, primary school children ( N = 359) rated the perceived attractiveness of six animals and judged how severe it is to hurt them, as compared to moral transgressions, social-conventional transgressions, and personal choices. Hurting attractive animals was perceived as severe as hurting another child, while hurting unattractive animals was evaluated as less serious than social-conventional transgressions. In Study 2, we experimentally tested whether the attractiveness of animals rated as unattractive in Study 1 could be influenced by an environmental education intervention. After the intervention, children in the experimental group ( N = 21) rated unattractive animals as more attractive than before the intervention, and this led to judging harming these animals more severely than before the intervention. No changes were found in the control group ( N = 20).
Unpacking the Logic of Compliance in Special Education: Contextual Influences on Discipline Racial Disparities in Suburban Schools
Authors: Kramarczuk Voulgarides Catherine , Aylward Alexandra , Tefera Adai , Artiles Alfredo J. , Alvarado Sarah L. , Noguera Pedro
Published: May 2021

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ([IDEA] 2004; IDEA Amendments 1997) is a civil rights–based law designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities in U.S. schools. However, decades after the initial passage of IDEA, racial inequity in special education classifications, placements, and suspensions are evident. In this article, we focus on understanding how racial discipline disparities in special education outcomes relate to IDEA remedies designed to address problem behaviors. We qualitatively examine how educators interpret and respond to citations for racial discipline disproportionality via IDEA at both the district and the school level in a suburban locale. We find that educators interpret the inequity in ways that neutralize the racialized implications of the citation, which in turn affects how they respond to the citation. These interpretations contribute to symbolic and race-evasive IDEA compliance responses. The resulting bureaucratic and organizational structures associated with IDEA implementation become a mechanism through which the visibility of race and racialization processes are erased and muted through acts of policy compliance. Thus, the logic of compliance surrounding IDEA administration serves as a reproductive social force that sustains practices that do not disrupt locally occurring racialized inequities.
Machine learning based decline curve analysis for short-term oil production forecast
Authors: Tadjer Amine , Hong Aojie , Bratvold Reidar B
Published: May 2021

Traditional decline curve analyses (DCAs), both deterministic and probabilistic, use specific models to fit production data for production forecasting. Various decline curve models have been applied for unconventional wells, including the Arps model, stretched exponential model, Duong model, and combined capacitance-resistance model. However, it is not straightforward to determine which model should be used, as multiple models may fit a dataset equally well but provide different forecasts, and hastily selecting a model for probabilistic DCA can underestimate the uncertainty in a production forecast. Data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing the oil and gas industry by utilizing computing power more effectively and efficiently. We propose a data-driven approach in this paper to performing short term predictions for unconventional oil production. Two states of the art level models have tested: DeepAR and used Prophet time series analysis on petroleum production data. Compared with the traditional approach using decline curve models, the machine learning approach can be regarded as” model-free” (non-parametric) because the pre-determination of decline curve models is not required. The main goal of this work is to develop and apply neural networks and time series techniques to oil well data without having substantial knowledge regarding the extraction process or physical relationship between the geological and dynamic parameters. For evaluation and verification purpose, The proposed method is applied to a selected well of Midland fields from the USA. By comparing our results, we can infer that both DeepAR and Prophet analysis are useful for gaining a better understanding of the behavior of oil wells, and can mitigate over/underestimates resulting from using a single decline curve model for forecasting. In addition, the proposed approach performs well in spreading model uncertainty to uncertainty in production forecasting; that is, we end up with a forecast which outperforms the standard DCA methods.