bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Strategies for Intelligent Computing in Improving the Accuracy of Engineering Costs
Authors: Song Yunfei
Published: April 2024

Accurate construction cost calculation is crucial for assessing project viability and selecting design programs. This paper enhances calculation accuracy by first employing the Boruta algorithm to identify vital cost-influencing factors, which serve as the basis for an improved construction cost model. We introduce an enhanced Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that integrates the AdaBoost algorithm and cost-sensitive methods to refine construction cost estimations. The efficacy of this model is demonstrated through its overall engineering cost error rate of 3.92%, with specific errors in single-side cost, labor, materials, and machinery usage at 3.51%, 7.09%, 3.36%, and 7.93%, respectively. These results meet established accuracy standards, showcasing the model’s potential to significantly improve construction cost management and control.
Research on the Evaluation Model of Ecological Restoration Benefits of Industrial Waste Land Based on DEA Algorithm
Authors: Gao Yongle , Yang Yongchong
Published: April 2024

The escalating spread of industrial wastelands has spotlighted the need for effective ecological restoration. This paper introduces an evaluation system for assessing the environmental restoration benefits of such wastelands, integrating the entropy weight and optimal assignment method for index quantification. Enhancements to decision-making elements and the incorporation of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method have culminated in developing a D-FCE model-based ecological restoration benefit assessment model. An empirical analysis on selected sites revealed notable increases in soil organic carbon content post-restoration—ranging from 1.73% to 2.98% in ERL areas, 1.69% to 2.45% in GL areas, and 1.25% to 2.08% in AL areas—demonstrating significant carbon sequestration. Additionally, a 38% rise in ecological benefits was observed, translating to an economic boon of 8563.2 yuan/year. This study furnishes a scientific method for evaluating industrial wasteland restoration and underpins the formulation of pertinent policies.
The link between dietary nutrients intake and cardiovascular diseases in cold regions
Authors: Feng Rennan , Hong Qianqi , Cao Jingjing , Li Jian , Deng Lanxin , Wang Jing , Zhao Yang , Wang Cheng
Published: April 2024

Background

The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents, contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Key factors include low vegetable consumption and high salt and fat intakes. This study aims to investigate the relationships between northern dietary nutrient intake in northern China and cardiovascular disorders during the winter season.

Methods

A food frequency questionnaire tailored to the actual eating habits in northern China was designed. Retrospective data from 955 Chinese adults were collected from November to March between 2014 to 2023. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular diseases, with model performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), an inverse association was observed between vitamin A (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), nicotinic acid (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.447, 0.762), phosphorus (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.608, 0.994), selenium (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.560, 0.923), zinc (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.531, 0.880), methionine (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936), arginine (OR = 0.753, 95% CI: 0.588, 0.964), lysine (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), aspartic acid (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936) and hypertension. Additionally, a negative association was found between niacin (OR = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.597, 0.946) and coronary heart disease. Conversely, a positive association was identified between iodine and hypertension (OR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.669) and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.301, 95% CI: 1.037, 1.634).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that maintaining a balanced dietary intake of vitamin A, niacin, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, methionine, arginine, lysine, and aspartic acid can be beneficial in preventing hypertension. Adequate niacin intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease. However, excessive iodine intake may contribute to hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gama ameliorates liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling activation
Authors: Zhang Qingwei , Zhao Wenjie , Sun Zeqi , Dong Xinxin , Zhu Liwei , Zhang Zhen , Chen Ximing , Hu Yingying , Du Menghan , Li Jiamin , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2024

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition characterized by a progressive decline in liver function, leading to disruptions in liver integrity and metabolic function, resulting in lipid deposition and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and not yet fully understood, contributing to the absence of specific therapeutic strategies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor pivotal in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the impacts of PPARγ on NAFLD remains insufficiently explored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of PPARγ in NAFLD and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Chemical detection kits were utilized to quantify collagen content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level variations. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to assess alterations in extracellular matrix-related genes and inflammatory response genes in liver tissue and HepG2 cells, while western blotting was conducted to analyze the levels of both PPARγ and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Results

Our findings unveiled significantly reduced PPARγ expression in a rat model of NAFLD, leading to subsequent activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, PPARγ activation effectively mitigated NAFLD progression by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis-related gene expression and collagen production. On a cellular level, PPARγ activation was found to inhibit the expression of extracellular matrix-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), along with inflammatory response genes interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Additionally, PPARγ activation led to a significant decrease in the levels of ALT and AST. At the molecular level, PPARγ notably down-regulated the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which is known to promote liver fibrosis.

Conclusion

These groundbreaking findings underscore PPARγ activation as a promising therapeutic approach to delay NAFLD progression by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in hepatic cells. This highlights the potential of PPARγ as a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD management in clinical settings.
YBX1 inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in ischemic heart through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Bi Fangfang , Cao Miao , Wang Yuquan , Pan Qingming , Jing Zehong , Bing Danyang , Lyu Lifang , Yu Tong , Li Tianyu , Li Xuelian , Liang Haihai , Shan Hongli , Zhou Yuhong
Published: April 2024

Background

Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in cold weather. YBX1 is an RNA-binding protein that is required for pathological growth of cardiomyocyte by regulating cell growth and protein synthesis. But YBX1, as an individual RNA-binding protein, regulates cardiomyocytes through signaling cascades during myocardial infarction remain largely unexplored.

Methods

In vivo, the mouse MI model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and randomly divided into sham operation group, MI group, MI+ YBX1 knockdown/overexpression group and MI+ negative control (NC) group. The protective effect of YBX1 was verified by echocardiography and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In vitro, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis was investigated by using CCK8, TUNEL staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining and JC-1 staining in hypoxic neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs).

Results

YBX1 expression of cardiomyocytes was downregulated in a mouse model and a cellular model on the ischemic condition. Compared to mice induced by MI, YBX1 overexpression mediated by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector reduced the infarcted size and improved cardiac function. Knockdown of endogenous YBX1 by shRNA partially aggravated ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. In hypoxic cardiomyocytes, YBX1 overexpression decreased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, increased cell viability, and inhibited apoptosis by affecting the expression of apoptosis related proteins, while knockdown of endogenous YBX1 by siRNA had the opposite effect. Overexpression of YBX1 restored mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic NMCMs by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content and decreasing ROS. In hypoxic NMCMs, YBX1 overexpression increased the expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and the antiapoptosis effect of YBX1 was eliminated t by LY294002, PI3K/AKT inhibitor.

Conclusion

YBX1 protected the heart from ischemic damage by inhibiting the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through PI3K/AKT pathway. It is anticipated that YBX1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for MI.
Selected Aspects of Nutritional Habits of Polish Women in the Preconception Period and During Pregnancy
Authors: Niedbał Zuzanna , Zaborska Monika , Ogonowska Weronika , Jóźwiak Michał , Michalik-Marcinkowska Urszula
Published: April 2024

Background

The diet of women in the preconception period and during pregnancy has a crucial impact on the development of the fetus and the health and metabolism of the baby. The energy requirements of a pregnant woman are higher, in addition, she should ensure an appropriate intake of particular nutrients and fluids. Folic acid supplementation is the most effective intervention in reducing congenital neural coil defects, as is stopping the consumption of alcohol and minimizing the intake of caffeinated beverages.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the dietary habits, including caffeine and alcohol consumption, of women who are pregnant or preparing to conceive a child.

Material and methods

The study population comprised (n=539) Polish women. An original questionnaire was used, including a metric and questions about preparation for pregnancy and dietary habits. Responses were collected via the Internet in forums for pregnant women.

Results

Of the total of the women surveyed, 73% said they were preparing for pregnancy. 64% of the respondents began taking folic acid supplements and 49% had started vitamin and mineral supplementation. Only 21% of women said they had changed their diet in preparation for conceiving offspring. As many as 34% of women said they themselves had adequate knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy, while 43% searched for information on this topic on the Internet. The factor that differentiated the practiced eating habits to the greatest extent was the level of education.

Conclusions

Despite numerous recommendations, there are still many women who do not prepare for pregnancy and do not follow preconception recommendations. A large number of Polish women with lower education still do not take folic acid. It is necessary to educate the society also about harmful effects of alcohol on the developing fetus. Knowledge should be spread with the use of social media, because women often look for information about nutritional rules on the Internet.
Effects of Oral Zinc Supplementation on Early Embryonic Development and Neonates of Aged Female Albino Mice
Authors: Al-Rudaini Amjed T. , Salih Lina A. , Al-Dujaily Saad S.
Published: April 2024

Female reproductive aging is a normal phase of life that eventually leads to menopause and reproductive senescence. The current experimental investigation was intended to study zinc supplementation effects on early embryonic development and neonates in 26-28 weeks old female mice. In this investigation, 80 mature female mice were used that were divided into two groups of forty each. Two control groups received distilled water, while two Zn groups were given 0.115 mg/kg/day Zn orally daily during 2-3 estrous cycles. The female mice were all mated with adult males. Twenty female mice from both the control and Zn groups were euthanized by CO2 gas inhalation, and then a longitudinal incision in the abdomen of each female mouse was performed and uterine horns and oviducts were detached from the body in order to obtain two-cell embryos. On the other hand, 20 pregnant mice from each group were permitted to complete their pregnancy until birth and then their neonates were collected for macroscopic examination. The findings showed that the Zn supplementation significantly (P≤0.01) improved the mean embryonic development and the quality of 2-cell stage embryo grade A. Whereas, it decreased the mean embryonic development of 2-cell stage embryo grade D in aged female mice significantly (P≤0.01) in comparison with aged control groups. Also, the count and quality of neonates from Zn-treated aged female mice enhanced significantly (P≤0.01) as compared to non-treated aged female mice. It was concluded from these findings that the Zn can improve embryonic development and neonate count and quality in aged mice.
Evaluation of the STAT1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells as a predictive marker of early pregnancy in Awassi ewes
Authors: Younis Laith Sofian , Hatif Saad Akram
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of this study was to measure the expression profile of the signal transducer activator transcription 1 (STAT1) in the circulatory leukocytes of non-pregnant/pregnant ewes and test the possibility that it could be useful for detecting early pregnancy. Whole blood was collected from 20 ewes (control) and another 5 samples were taken on days (15, 25, 35, and 50). Also, blood was collected from 30 ewes on day 15 post insemination (PI) and another 10 samples were taken on days (25, 35, and 50) PI. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and STAT1 expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene expression for STAT1 mRNA was 5.8-fold and 5.1 times higher in gravid as opposed to non-gravid ewes. The reliable cut-off point > 1.45 was established using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the accuracy (Acc) for detecting pregnancy was 82%, 93%, 70% and 60%, and the sensitivity (Se) was 83%, 80%, 60% and 33% and Specificity (Sp) 95% on days 15, 25, 35 and 50, respectively. The mRNA expression was lower in ewes that control non-pregnant than pregnant ewes on days 15 and 25. So The best period to detect pregnancy was 15-25 days PI.
Evaluation of Chitosan Activity Produced Via Biotransformation of Chitin Against Some Pathogens Associated with Burn Infection in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Monaam Zaedoon , Luti Khalid Jaber kadhum
Published: April 2024

Burn infections are a serious concern for patients with burn injuries, as they can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the chitosan activity against five pathogens collected from burn infections (Escherichia coli ZE15, Acinetobacter bummani ZA2, Klebsiella pneumonia ZK3 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZP17, Staphylococcus aureus ZS2). Chitosan was produced in solid-state fermentation using corn meal supplemented with 2% of shrimp shell chitin. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 79.5% and the FT-IR spectrum (4000 to 400) cm-1 gave IR spectra similar to that of the commercial chitosan. The produced chitosan showed a significant inhibitory ability from the concentration of 10 mg/ml to 2 mg/ml. The M.I.C. and S.I.C were varied between the isolates; for P. aeruginosa ZP17 and Staph. aureus ZS2, the M.I.C and S.I.C were 1.6 mg/ml and of 1.4 mg/ml respectively, while for E. coli ZE15, Kl. pneumonia ZK3 and A. bumannii ZA2 were 1.4 mg/ml and 1.2 mg/ml. Furthermore, this study showed an the important role of the produced chitosan as an antibiofilm agent to reduce the biofilm formation for the tested isolates. However, the strongest antibiofilm activity was against E. coli Z.E15 with 55.2%. Moreover, four potential formulas containing chitosan with concentration of 1.6 mg/ml were tested. A formula containing polyvinyl alcohol, vaseline and chitosan to create a cream showed the best results in comparison with the four-formula used in this study. This formula was added to pads of thick cellulosic filter paper to treat a mouse model with full thickness cutaneous burn to assess the benefits of treating with a chitosan dressing. The healing process was examined and results showed a signs of remodeling stage by day four and a scar tissue formation by day nine.
Construction of Numerical RKM-Method for Solving A Class of Twelves-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Mechee Mohammed S. , Fawzi F.A. , Abdullah Shaymaa Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

This paper constructs and generalizes the numerical Runge-Kutta-Mohammed (RKM) method for solving twelve-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The novel contribution of this study is the development and generalization of the numerical RKM methods for solving ODEs of the order of less than a tenth. The algebraic order conditions (OCs) for the proposed RKM method are derived up to order thirteen using Taylor expansion. Then, the constructed method has been derived from these order conditions. However, the proposed numerical RKM method has been evaluated at some implementations and compared to an existing Runge-Kutta (RK) method to determine the method's viability. Moreover, this comparison demonstrates the proposed direct method is more efficient than the classical method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Also, numerical implementations are used to prove the efficiency and time complexity of function evaluations. This direct RKM method is a suggested technique for solving ODEs of twelve orders which has great features like a direct and efficient method. Consequently, the proposed method requires less time complexity of computation than other methods.
Peningkatan Kesadaran Toleransi Melalui Seminar Moderasi Beragama di Desa Batur Utara
Authors: Faisal Huda Ahmad , Mawardi Imam , Zulkarnen Ivan
Published: April 2024

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keragaman suku, budaya, etnis, bahasa, dan agama yang hampir tidak ada tandingannya di dunia. Keragaman ini adalah takdir yang diberikan oleh Tuhan untuk diterima sebagai anugrah. Dalam konteks ini, moderasi beragama muncul sebagai pendekatan yang dianggap penting untuk merawat anugrah yang telah Tuhan berikan, sekaligus memfasilitasi dialog dan kerjasama antar umat beragama. Hal tersebut yang melatar belakangi kegiatan seminar moderasi beragama di Desa Batur Utara Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli. Peserta kegiatan ini sebanyak 60 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa, Pemuda Lintas Agama, dan Masyarakat Umum. Harapannya adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya moderasi beragama dan membangun kerjasama serta menciptakan ruang dialog yang terbuka dan berkelanjutan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada hari Selasa 25 Juli 2023 di Balai Serbaguna Desa Batur Utara dengan narasumber I Wayan Sudarma, M. Si dan Hadi Purwanto, S. Ag. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara klasik dengan menghadirkan peserta dan narasumber berada pada lokasi yang sama, dimana narasumber menyampaikan materi kemudian dilakukan sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab. Secara keseluruhan kegiatan ini memberikan pandangan yang baru dan komprehensif kepada seluruh peserta yang hadir di Balai Serbaguna Desa Batur Utara mengenai moderasi beragama.
Membangun Harmoni dalam Keluarga melalui Komunikasi Efektif
Authors: Wulandari Ida Ayu Gde , Luh Gde Surya Kartika  , Ni Nengah Selasih  , Ni Wayan Arini
Published: April 2024

Keluarga sukinah ditunjukkan dengan anggota keluarga yang harmonis, bahagia, dan tentram. Menghargai anggota keluarga dan orang lain merupakan hal paling sederhana dan mendasar yang dapat dilakukan untuk memulai perjalanan mencapai keluarga sukinah. Hal lain yang dapat dilakukan anggota keluarga untuk mewujudkan keluarga sukinah adalah dengan menjaga keseimbangan jasmani, mental, emosi, dan spiritual serta hubungan komunikasi yang baik antar anggota keluarga. Sebagai fasilitator komunikasi yang efektif dalam hubungan dengan anak-anak, orang tua dapat memainkan berbagai peran bersama-sama. Ketiadaan komunikasi yang efektif dalam keluarga dapat memicu banyak hal diantaranya penyalahgunaan narkoba pada anak dan remaja, bunuh diri, perceraian, maupun pelarian diri dari rumah. Untuk memaksimalkan komunikasi yang efektif guna mencapai keluarga sukinah dalam keluarga, maka diselenggarakan penyuluhan mengenai komunikasi keluarga yang efektif. Peserta diingatkan bahwa menjadi pendengar yang baik merupakan salah satu cara mencapai keluarga sukinah. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Kukuh Kecamatan Kerambitan Kabupaten Tabanan dengan peserta kegiatan adalah ibu-ibu di Desa tersebut. Jumlah peserta adalah sebanyak 40 orang yang merupakan perwakilan masing-masing banjar di Desa Kukuh. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah secara klasik, dimana peserta dan narasumber bertemu pada tempat yang sama untuk mendengarkan dan berdiskusi. Kegiatan diawali dengan pemberian pre test, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyampaian materi oleh narasumber serta diskusi dan tanya jawab. Kegiatan diakhir dengan pengisian post test. Hasil analisis post-test menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 98,3% peserta kegiatan mampu menjawab soal-soal post-test dengan benar, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta dapat memahami materi yang disampaikan.
Pelestarian Budaya Bali Serta Pembelajaran Bahasa Asing di Daerah Pariwisata Batur Tengah Kintamani
Authors: Sukarini Ni Made , Nadi Ni Putu Sari , Darmayani Kadek Dwi , Febriantari A.A Ayu Mega Laksmi
Published: April 2024

Pendidikan yang baik dan merata dikalangan masyarakat dalam suatu negara akan membantu memecahkan berbagai masalah sosial seperti: kebodohan dan kemiskinan sehingga masyarakat memperoleh kehidupan yang stabil dan terarah. Di Indonesia sendiri pemerintah dan masyarakat masih mengalami berbagai tantangan dalam upaya peningkatan Pendidikan sehingga menyebabkan berbagai masalah. Setelah mengadakan pertemuan antara anggota Kelompok VIII dengan Kepala Desa Batur Tengah memperoleh kesepakatan bahwa topik-topik pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bidang Pendidikan yakni Bahasa Bali, Bahasa Inggris, dan Pasraman Kilat. Rangkaian kegiatan ini dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa dari yang Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar dan Universitas Islam Walisongo Semarang, yang tergabung dalam KKN Nusantara Terbatas III Kelompok VIII. Salah satu jenis program kerja yang terah dirancang oleh Kelompok VIII adalah kegiatan mengajar yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Batur dan SD Negeri 7 Batur. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tersebut telah terlaksana sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari masyarakat serta tahapan kegiatan yang telah direncanakan. Peserta telah diberikan edukasi mengenai Pendidikan dan Budaya. Hasil kegiatan yang diperoleh adalah peserta memahami dengan baik materi yang disampaikan, serta mampu membuat beberapa perangkat upacara Hindu, yaitu: Canang Sari, Kwangen, Kulit Tipat, Karawista, dan Pancak. Hal ini akan dapat digunakan sebagai pengalaman tambahan serta secara tidak langsung diharapkan kecintaan anak-anak terhadap budaya Bali menjadi lebih meningkat.
الترجيح بين النصوص المتعارضة عند الإمام عبد الله بن سالمٍ البصري المكي " ت 1134 هـ "في كتابه ضياء الساري في مسالك أبواب البخاري
Authors: عبيد السلطاني أحمد عباس , محمد السامرائي محمد محمود
Published: April 2024

الحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتم الصّالحات، وبعد: فهذا البحث المعنون ب: ((الترجيح بين النصوص المتعارضة عند الإمام عبد الله بن سالمٍ البصريِّ ( ت 1134 هـ )  في كتابه ضياء الساري في مسالك أبواب البخاري))  يُراد بها  دراسة  على الكتاب حيث دأب فيه على تقرير أجوبة يندفع بها التعارض ، ويزول بها الإشكال ، دون ربطها بقواعد تضبطها ، فجاء هذا البحث مبينا لطريقة الترجيح  بين النصوص المتعارضة ، وصياغتها على شكل قواعد في كلّ طريقة                                                                                              من طرق دفع التعارض الثلاثة: الجمع والنسخ والترجيح.
فتضمن البحث مبحثين: المبحث الأول تعريف التعارض وطرق دفع التعارض بين الأدلة الشرعية، وجاء المبحث الثاني للحديث عن منهج الإمام عبدالله بن سالم البصري في دفع التعارض بطريقة الترجيح التي استعملها رحمه الله، وعمله كخطوة أولى لرفع التعارض ، الجمع بينها ما أمكن، وهو بذلك يوافق الجمهور في تقديم الجمع ثم النسخ ثم الترجيح، ومن أوجه الترجيح التي استعملها العلامة البصري رحمه الله: أ- الترجيح باعتبار المتن.   ب_ الترجيح المتعلقة باعتبار السند.   ج - قواعد الترجيح باعتبار أمور خارجية، ،وصلّى الله على نبيا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين.
نساء مبدعات اثناء البحث عن الذهب في كاليفورنيا 1848-1867.
Authors: محمود ادريس حردان , يوسف ضحى ثامر
Published: April 2024

المرأة المهاجرة مبدعة صبورة هكذا وثق عنها التاريخ الامريكي منذ اول الهجرات نحو العالم الجديد ، فهي مبدعة اينما وجدت في حلها او ترحالها له لمسة من الابداع ، ملفتة للنظر طموحة تحب المال تبحث عن الشهرة ، قد تتمرد لكنها شرسة ، نعم من تلك الصفات كانت نساء كاليفورنيا اللواتي فضلن روح المغامرة لتغير حالهن الى الافضل ، لذلك ارتحلن الى غرب الولايات المتحدة الامريكية عبر الصحاري والبعض ركب البحر .
      في حين كان الاعتقاد بضرورة عدم اشتراك النساء في تلك الرحلات اذ لم يكن قادرات على تحمل صعاب الطريق و أسلوب الحياة في مناجم الذهب لكن الامر ادى الى غير ذلك، اذ شاركت العديد من النساء ، وجدوا ان الرحلة شاقة ومليئة بالمصاعب من صعوبة الطقس ، لذا قامت النساء بأدوار غير تقليدية ودخلن مجال عمل الرجال للبقاء على قيد الحياة في مسير الرحلات إلى كاليفورنيا، وعندما وصلوهن إلى تجمعات  الخيام في مناجم الذهب ، وجدوا ظروفًا بدائية للعيش بل ان المعيشة في تلك الاماكن كانت هي خارج مفردات الحياة الطبيعة التي اعتدوها غير أن المجتمع الحدودي الجديد الذي واجه النساء في كاليفورنيا حرّرهن أيضًا من الأدوار التقليدية ، اذ أجبرت العزلة المطلقة لمعسكرات التعدين والحفر الرجال والنساء على ابتكار ثقافتهم الخاصة ، وهي ثقافة مختلفة تمامًا عن ما كان متعارف عليه في الساحل الشرقي للولايات المتحدة الامريكية كانت كاليفورنيا مختلفة عن ذلك  فعمال المناجم عدوانيين وغير مرتبطين بالقانون أو التقاليد أو الأسرة ، بل ان القانون الذي كان سائدا فيها  هو ينطبق على قانون الصراع من اجل البقاء .
The Pragmatics of Bias in American Political Speeches
Authors: Al-Aadili Nesaem Mehdi , Mohammed Ashwaq Jasim
Published: April 2024

This study deals with analyzing bias in selected American political speeches from a pragmatic perspective. The study aims at finding out the pragmatic strategies that American politicians exploit to issue bias in their political speeches. For the sake of clarification, this aim can be sub-divided into the following aims: (a) Specifying the speech acts that are utilized by American politician to issue bias, (b) Showing to what extent American politician exploit Grice’s maxims to realize bias, (c)Shedding light on the categories of presupposition that are available in the selected data, (d) Identifying the impoliteness strategies and sub- strategies that are used to issue bias in the political speeches uttered by an American politician, and (e) Specifying the tropes that are utilized to realize bias in the selected data. To achieve the aims of the study and test the validity of its hypotheses, the following procedures are adopted: three random speeches for an American politician have been selected to be analysed    according to the adopted eclectic model to identify the types of bias and the pragmatic strategies utilized to issue bias in the selected data. At the end of the research,  there are the major findings that the researchers arrived at.
Contribution of Culture-loaded Loanwords to the Class of Etymological Doublets in the Contemporary English Language
Authors: Kuzina Marina Anatol'evna
Published: April 2024

The article examines the loanwords from the autochthonous languages of South Asia and (or) regional variants of English into the Inner Circle English (according to Br. Kachru) – ayah, baboo / babu, baksheesh, feringhee / feringhi / ferinji / firanghi, gooroo / guru, maharaja / maharajah, maharani, maharishi, mahatma, mandarin, mantra, pagoda – and their role in expanding doublet pairs in contemporary English. The topicality of the study is due to the replenishment of the class of etymological doublets as a result of extensive borrowing process from the languages of the postcolonial space into pluricentric English due to increased population mobility, dispatriation, growing bilingualism, and expansion of global contacts. The scientific novelty is explained by the insufficiently studied subject of the research – the distinctive features of new doublets (native word vs. loanword, loanword vs. loanword) and the dynamics of their usage in contemporary English. The continuous sampling, statistical, descriptive methods are used in order to determine the role of culture-loaded loanwords in expansion of rows of etymological doublets. The major conclusions of the conducted research can be summed up as follows. The conditions for the formation of etymological doublets can be classified into mandatory (etymological similarity, i.e. relation to the same etymon: *awo-; *bhag-; *gwere-; *meg-; *men-; *pəter-; *preg-, *pregn-; *ten-;) and additional (acceptable graphical, phonetic, morphological variation and semantic identity). The study of empirical material allows us to identify trends towards, firstly, maximum divergence of the components of etymological doublet pairs and, secondly, increased frequency of culture-loaded loanwords due to the development of polysemy, strengthening of word-formation potential, formation of syntagmatic connections and inclusion in paradigmatic relations. Using the example of etymological doublets, one can trace the formal (mainly phonetic) and functional (mainly semantic) evolution of prototype words in donor languages.
New Media and Self-directed Learning: Enhancing Pedagogical Transformation in an Open Distance Learning Landscape
Authors: Mbatha Blessing
Published: April 2024

In essence, open educational resources (OERs) are transforming the education landscape in many different fields. They are swiftly becoming important elements in support of open educational practices and the open education movement. Modern technological innovations permeate every aspect of life, and higher education is no exception. This study investigated the types and pedagogical value of the new media that academics have adopted to promote self-directed learning at the University of South Africa (Unisa). To realise the aim of the study, the following questions were addressed: Which new media approaches have academics adopted to enhance self-directed learning? What is the pedagogical value of using new media in an open and distance learning environment? The study was informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. A qualitative approach was employed, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 30 purposively selected Unisa academics from across different schools. Upon analysing the data using open and axial coding, dominant themes from the discussions were identified and discussed in detail. The findings revealed that various new media platforms, such as OERs, blogs, Camtasia Studio, Google Docs, and so forth, are used to promote self-directed learning at Unisa and have proven to be pivotal in opening avenues of communication and collapsing the transactional distance at this ODL institution. New media thus serve as strong catalysts for fostering pedagogical transformation.
Optimisation of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of unmodified diesel engine fuelled with canola biodiesel-diesel blends with natural gas addition by using response surface methodology
Authors: Özgür Ceyla , Uludamar Erinç , Soyhan Hakan Serhad , Raja Ahsan Shah Raja Mazuir
Published: April 2024

The paper presents methods to determine the optimum input parameters of CNG addition, biodiesel blend ratio, and engine speed to improve engine responses in terms of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of CNG-biodiesel-diesel fuelled engines. Box–Behnken based on response surface methodology was used to predict and optimise input parameters. Variance analysis was applied to determine the significant relationship between the input parameters and engine responses. At optimum input parameters (CNG addition = 9.24 L/min, biodiesel blend ratio = 40%, engine speed = 1524.24 rpm), the optimum engine responses of NOx, CO, CO2, O2, engine vibration acceleration, and noise were 93.77 ppm, 438.05 ppm, 1.47%, 18.59%, 37.17 m/s2 and 91.34 dB[A], respectively. In terms of coefficient determination of R2, the values were 99.11%, 99.22%, 99.41%, 99.70%, 98.65%, and 98.60% respectively. The correlation between the optimised result and the engine test result showed an acceptable error limit for NOx, CO, CO2, O2, engine vibration acceleration, and noise as 4.2%, 3.8%, 4.9%, 0.25%, 4.12%, and 0.17%, respectively.
Uso de pictogramas como estratégia farmacêutica para orientação aos pacientes
Authors: Tenório Luísa Cunha , Araújo Patrícia Moraes , Queiroz Vanessa Cristina Chaves de , Sandim Dayana de Barros , Martins Wenderson Melo , Araújo Juliana Botelho , Pinheiro Priscila de Nazaré Quaresma , Dias Emilly Gabriele Ribeiro , Queiroz Auriekson Noronha , Amador Emmily Oliveira
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Elucidar sobre o uso de pictogramas na saúde e a facilitação da comunicação com o paciente no âmbito farmacêutico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando os descritores MeSH nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, LILACS e BVS, no período de 2014 a 2023. Os artigos selecionados foram exportados ao Mendeley Desktop e os dados agrupados no Microsoft Excel. Os dados extraídos dos artigos foram agrupados em quadro. Para a apresentação das etapas de seleção dos artigos, foi utilizado o modelo PRISMA-P. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 estudos para análise. Os estudos enfatizam a importância de se utilizar estratégias auxiliares para a melhora da comunicação em saúde, como por exemplo, os pictogramas apresentados nos estudos como de grande importância, entretanto, é necessárias adaptações. Considerações finais: As aplicações dos pictogramas atuam como auxiliar da comunicação verbal na saúde, no âmbito farmacêutico, atua como uma ferramenta inovadora para ajudar no processo de orientação e cuidado farmacêutico. Contudo, é necessárias adaptações para que a implementação seja bem-sucedida dessas ferramentas visuais em situações específicas, tornando a comunicação acessível.
A utilização das tecnologias digitais na assistência em saúde
Authors: Xavier Pedro Bezerra , Ferreira Mariana Angelica , Ferreira Fernanda Cruz Ramos , Macêdo Lívio Pereira de , Assunção Eva Maria Marinho , Franco Richele Teixeira de Lima , França Sandra Martins de , Batista Mônica da Costa , Luz Cristine Zelaquett de Souza Ramalho , Leite Marília Siebra Pereira
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Sintetizar informações cruciais sobre a aplicação e impacto das tecnologias digitais no setor da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura (RIL), sendo selecionado um total de 122 publicações iniciais, 12 foram escolhidas com base na metodologia PICO para elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa, e em uma análise crítica e reflexiva dos conteúdos, garantindo assim uma revisão abrangente e confiável. Resultados: A revisão dos estudos evidenciou a diversidade no uso de tecnologias digitais na saúde, destacando a integração de dispositivos móveis e sem fio no cotidiano e como eles estão revolucionando os cuidados de saúde. Outro aspecto importante foi a eficácia do Registro Eletrônico de Saúde (EHR) na formação de profissionais farmacêuticos. Além disso, o papel das redes sociais, como WhatsApp® e Instagram®, na disseminação de informações de saúde e na promoção de iniciativas de saúde pública foi ressaltado. Considerações finais: O estudo, apesar de abrangente, reconhece limitações relacionadas à seleção de artigos e fontes de dados, que podem afetar a generalização dos resultados. As conclusões enfatizam a importância da tecnologia digital na evolução dos cuidados de saúde e na necessidade de abordar questões éticas e de privacidade nesse cenário dinâmico.
A saúde mental dos profissionais na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Xavier Pedro Bezerra , Ferreira Fernanda Cruz Ramos , Franco Richele Teixeira de Lima , Silva Francisco Ranilson Alves da , Bezerra Lucrecia Maria , Moreira Simone de Oliveira , Melo Aryane Sousa de , Lacerda Ana Katerynne Campos , Arruda Juliana Silva de , Custódio Alini Dantas
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Investigar o impacto das condições de trabalho nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) sobre a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, com foco no fenômeno do sofrimento moral e sua relação com o burnout. Métodos: A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, realizando uma revisão integrativa da literatura para compilar e analisar estudos relacionados ao estresse, ao sofrimento moral e ao burnout entre profissionais de saúde em UTIs. Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed e CAPES, e analisados segundo a metodologia PICO (Pacientes, Intervenções, Comparativos e Outcomes). Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais de UTIs enfrentam altos níveis de estresse psicológico, exacerbado por dilemas éticos intensos e condições de trabalho desafiadoras, que frequentemente levam ao burnout. Foi observada uma relação significativa entre sofrimento moral decorrente de conflitos éticos e o esgotamento profissional, com impactos negativos na saúde mental e na satisfação profissional. Considerações finais: É crucial o desenvolvimento de estratégias de suporte e intervenções focadas no bem-estar e resiliência dos profissionais, incluindo treinamento em gestão de crises e suporte psicológico. A pesquisa sublinha a importância de ambientes de trabalho que respeitem os dilemas éticos e promovam uma cultura de suporte e reconhecimento das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais de saúde em UTIs.
Analisis Efisiensi Dan Efektivitas E-Government Dalam Administrasi Publik
Authors: Gultom Deby Novalia , Khairina Etika , Salsabila Lubna
Published: April 2024

E-Government has become central to the transformation of public administration, offering various possibilities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services. This analysis investigates how the implementation of e-government affects public administration from the perspective of operational efficiency and achievement of public service objectives. In addition, E-government is the vanguard of efforts to provide information and services to citizens, businesses, employees and government units, and other organizational sectors. This study adopts a qualitative approach where the sources collected come from journals, books. The results show that the efficiency and effectiveness of e-Government in public administration related to the application of information technology has a significant positive impact. E-Government is also able to increase efficiency in the delivery of public services by cutting bureaucracy and speeding up administrative processes. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of e-Government is reflected in faster responses to citizen needs, enhanced transparency, and increased citizen participation in public decision-making.
Ion-Radical Mediated Multi-Color Ultra-Long Afterglow Materials
Authors: Ma Liangwei , Liu Yiwei , Jiang Tao , Zhou Lei , Wang Qiaochun , Tian He , Ma Xiang
Published: April 2024

Pure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has shown great potential in numerous applications, ranging from information encryption and display technologies to bio-applications and beyond. In this work, a suite of multi-color long-lived RTP materials featuring distinct afterglow emissions was constructed using an ion-radical mediated approach. b[c]p/MeBPO emitted a vivid yellow afterglow centered at 560 nm with an impressively long lifetime of 860.01 ms. While compound b[a]a exhibited a near-infrared (NIR) afterglow (τ = 215.96 ms) after doping into the matrix. The transient absorption spectroscopy investigations disclosed that the observed afterglow phenomenon was fundamentally tied to the generation of radical ions rather than the exciplex. These radical ions resulted from the reduction quenching process of the triplet excited state of compound BPO by the ground state of the doping agent. A novel evaluation methodology was devised, rooted in Marcus theory, to gauge the potential of a specific dopant-matrix combination towards generating pronounced afterglow. According to this framework, the enhancement of the afterglow is directly proportional to the decrease in the activation energy (ΔG≠) associated with the electron transfer reaction occurring between the dopant and the matrix. Notably, when the ΔG≠ surpasses 30 kcal/mol, no observable afterglow occurs, as higher ΔG≠ values significantly impede the electron transfer reaction between the two components. Furthermore, the system exhibits exceptional sensitivity, with the dopant as low as 0.02‰ molar ratio between the dopant and the host material. This remarkable dependence of afterglow intensity on the dopant concentration renders the bi-component RTP system highly promising for applications requiring ultra-high sensitivity and broad-spectrum detection capabilities.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of Lithium-ion battery electrolyte degradation
Authors: Mabrouk Youssef Abdelhamid , Safaei Nehzat , Diddens Diddo , Hanke Felix , Carlsson Johan , Heuer Andreas
Published: April 2024

The development of reliable computational methods for novel battery materials has become essential due to the recently intensified research efforts on more sustainable energy storage materials. Here, we use a recently developed framework allowing to consistently incorporate quantum-mechanical activation barriers to classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the reductive solvent decomposition and formation of the solid electrolyte interphase for a graphite/carbonate electrolyte interface. We focus on deriving condensed-phase effective rates based on the elementary gas-phase reduction and decomposition energy barriers. After a short initial transient limited by the elementary barriers, we observe that the effective rate shows a transition to a kinetically slow regime influenced by the changing coordination environment and the ionic fluxes between the bulk electrolyte and the interface. We also discuss the impact of the decomposition on the ionic mobility. Thus, our work shows how elementary first-principles properties can be mechanistically leveraged to provide fundamental insights into electrochemical stability of battery electrolytes.
Cooperative Phosphine-Photoredox Catalysis Enables N–H Activation of Azoles for Intermolecular Olefin Hydroamination
Authors: Sedillo Kassandra , Fan Flora , Knowles Robert , Doyle Abigail
Published: April 2024

Catalytic intermolecular olefin hydroamination is an enabling synthetic strategy that offers direct and atom-economical access to a variety of nitrogen-containing compounds from abundant feedstocks. However, despite numerous advances in catalyst design and reaction development, hydroamination of N–H azoles with unactivated olefins remains an unsolved problem in synthesis. We report a dual phosphine and photoredox catalytic protocol for the hydroamination of numerous structurally diverse and medicinally relevant N–H azoles with unactivated olefins. Hydroamination proceeds with high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and N-site selectivity. The mild conditions and high functional group tolerance of the reaction permit the rapid construction of molecular complexity and late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds. N–H bond activation is proposed to proceed via polar addition of the N–H heterocycle to a phosphine radical cation, followed by P–N α-scission from a phosphoranyl radical intermediate. Reac-tivity and N-site selectivity are classified by heterocycle N–H BDFE and nitrogen-centered radical (NCR) spin density, respectively, which can serve as a useful predictive aid in extending the reaction to unseen azoles.
Deciphering the Molecular Dance: Exploring the Dynamic Interplay Between Mouse Insulin B9-23 Peptides and Their Variants
Authors: Antevska Aleksandra , Hess Kayla A. , Long Connor C. , Walker Ethan J. , Jang Joshua H. , DeSoto Riellie J. , Lazar Cantrell Kristi L. , Buchanan Lauren E. , Do Thanh D.
Published: April 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells, primarily targeted by autoreac-tive T cells that recognize insulin B9-23 peptides as antigens. Using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DT-IMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), we characterized mouse insulin 1 B9-23 (Ins1 B9-23), insulin 2 B9-23 (Ins2 B9-23), along with two of their mutants, Ins2 B9-23 Y16A and Ins2 B9-23 C19S. We focus on two competing factors that may affect the aggregation kinetics of B9-23 variants: (a) the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds by C19 which stabilizes parallel β-sheet assembly, and (b) the aggregation of B12-17 (VEALYL) which favors anti-parallel sheets. Their interplay likely contributes to the observed variations in aggregation kinetics and morphologies. Our findings indicate that Ins1 B9-23 and the Ins2 Y16A mutant exhibit rapid fibril formation, whereas Ins2 B9-23 and the Ins2 C19S mutant show slower fibrilization and a structural rearrangement from globular protofibrils to fibrillar aggregates. The Y16A mutation decreases the amyloidogenicity of the VEALYL sequence and, thus, indirectly promotes parallel β-sheet arrangements. The weak or lack of disulfide bond formation in Ins2 B9-23 and C19S, respectively, weakens the overall propensity of parallel β-sheet assembly. These differences in aggregation behaviors also manifest in interactions with (-)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a canonical amyloid inhibitor. EGCG effectively disrupts the fibrils formed by Ins1 B9-23 and the Y16A mutant. However, it proves ineffective in preventing fibril formation of Ins2 B9-23 and the C19S mutant. These results establish a strong correlation between the aggregation behaviors of these peptides and their divergent effects on anti-islet autoimmunity.
Precursor Chemistry of Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Dahl Jakob , Curling Ethan , Loipersberger Matthias , Calvin Jason , Head-Gordon Martin , Chan Emory , Alivisatos Paul
Published: April 2024

We investigate the early stages of cesium lead bromide perovskite formation through absorption spectroscopy of stopped flow reactions, high-throughput mapping and direct synthesis and titration of potential precursor species. Calorimetric and spectroscopic measurements of lead bromide complex titrations combined with theoretical calculations suggest that bromide complexes with higher coordination numbers than previously considered for non-polar systems can better explain observed behaviors. Synthesis mapping of binary lead halides reveals multiple lead bromide species with absorption peaks higher than 300 nm, including a previously observed species with a peak at 313 nm and two species with peaks at 345 and 370 nm that also appear as reaction intermediates during formation of lead bromide perovskites. Based on theoretical calculations of excitonic energies that match within 50 meV, we give a preliminary assignment of these species as two dimensional magic sized clusters with side lengths of 2, 3 and 4 unit cells. Kinetic measurements of the conversion of benzoyl bromide precursor are connected to stopped flow measurements of product formation and demonstrate that the formation of complexes and magic sized clusters (i.e. nucleation) is controlled by precursor decomposition, whereas the growth rate of 2D and 3D perovskites is significantly slower.