bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COSMIC RAYS AND MHD TURBULENCE GENERATION IN INTERSTELLAR GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Authors: Schlickeiser R. , Caglar M. , Lazarian A.
Published: June 2016

The diffusive propagation of nonrelativistic cosmic ray (CR) protons undergoing energy losses by ionization in a dense homogeneous infinitely extended interstellar molecular cloud (MC) is investigated. The steady-state transport equation for the differential number density of nonrelativistic CR protons is solved with the boundary condition that at the edge of cloud it agrees with the interstellar CR number density. It is shown that giant interstellar MCs with column depths much greater than about

cm−2 are an efficient sink of nonrelativistic CRs. At small penetration depths the CRs lose energy by ionizing and heating the molecular gas, whereas at large penetration depths they are collectively dissipated by the streaming instability, which transfers one-half of the energy density of the incoming interstellar nonrelativistic CRs to Alfvénic magnetic field turbulence.
MODELING THE INITIATION OF THE 2006 DECEMBER 13 CORONAL MASS EJECTION IN AR 10930: THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE ERUPTING FLUX ROPE
Authors: Fan Yuhong
Published: June 2016

We carry out a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to model the initiation of the coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2006 December 13 in the emerging δ-sunspot active region NOAA 10930. The setup of the simulation is similar to a previous simulation by Fan, but with a significantly widened simulation domain to accommodate the wide CME. The simulation shows that the CME can result from the emergence of a east–west oriented twisted flux rope whose positive, following emerging pole corresponds to the observed positive rotating sunspot emerging against the southern edge of the dominant pre-existing negative sunspot. The erupting flux rope in the simulation accelerates to a terminal speed that exceeds 1500 km s−1 and undergoes a counter-clockwise rotation of nearly 180° such that its front and flanks all exhibit southward directed magnetic fields, explaining the observed southward magnetic field in the magnetic cloud impacting the Earth. With continued driving of flux emergence, the source region coronal magnetic field also shows the reformation of a coronal flux rope underlying the flare current sheet of the erupting flux rope, ready for a second eruption. This may explain the build up for another X-class eruptive flare that occurred the following day from the same region.
Le thérapeute, son contre-transfert et les nouveaux défis de la parentalité
Authors: Vaquié-Quazza Dominique
Published: June 2016

Le monde change. Le mariage change. Les familles changent. Les façons de concevoir, d’avoir des enfants changent. Et dans cette mutation le thérapeute voit arriver dans son cabinet de nouveaux patients qui ne ressemblent pas à ce qu’il a connu jusque-là. Devant ces couples homosexuels, ces familles monoparentales, ces enfants issus de la PMA ou de la GPA, comment accueillir, accepter, comprendre ceux qui peuvent nous paraître trop différents de nous. Dominique Vaquié Quazza nous invite dans cet article à mettre de côté nos préjugés, nos idées reçues pour rester à l’écoute de patients qui ont besoin, peut être encore plus que d’autres, de notre acceptation inconditionnelle. Chemin faisant, elle nous encourage à faire preuve d’ouverture et de tolérance. FB
Un juste prix ?
Authors: Conesa Élisabeth
Published: June 2016

Comment les analystes fixent-ils le montant de leurs honoraires ? Existe-t-il un « marché » dans ce domaine ? Quels sont les paramètres qui entrent en ligne de compte ? En faisant appel à son expérience propre en tant que patiente et en tant que psychanalyste, l’auteure tente d’apporter quelques réponses non exhaustives à des questions qui, à ses yeux, font appel à la fonction sentiment et à la fonction éthique pour que l’ hubris soit écartée dans ce domaine.
Les sources historiques du quotidien en exil
Authors: Guillaume Valentin
Published: June 2016

À travers l’étude de la majorité silencieuse et méconnue des réfugiés politiques polonais du XIXe siècle en France, nous allons interroger l’importance du choix des sources historiques dans l’interprétation qu’un chercheur peut faire du phénomène migratoire qu’il étudie. La découverte et la mise en valeur de sources sur ces « petits » exilés tombés dans l’oubli poussent à une relecture plus sociale et globale, devenue nécessaire, de la Grande Émigration polonaise de 1831 en France.
Méthodologie d’une étude en recherche biographique portant sur les « migrations précaires »
Authors: Gadras Mike
Published: June 2016

Cet article présente la démarche méthodologique employée dans le cadre de la réalisation de ma thèse en recherche biographique en éducation. Cette recherche doctorale a comme terrain d’investigation le Collectif des Sorins. Il s’agit d’un groupe de « migrants » originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne, majoritairement constitué d’hommes en « situation irrégulière », qui occupent ensemble un squat d’habitation à Montreuil. La présente étude, menée selon une perspective compréhensive et qualitative, porte sur les processus de construction de l’expérience biographique en situation migratoire et se déploie selon un processus itératif et herméneutique.
La migration des jeunes dakarois comme horizon… La reconstruction d’un objet de recherche
Authors: Poulet Kelly
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article, je propose une approche réflexive sur la posture méthodologique engagée durant l’enquête de terrain, menée dans le cadre de ma thèse portant sur les aspirations à l’émigration des jeunes de trois quartiers de Dakar (Sénégal). En usant de la sédentarité et de la mobilité entre Paris et Dakar, ma pratique du terrain m’a permis d’interroger mes certitudes, celles d’une européenne qui circule, et de considérer que la migration des jeunes de Dakar ne restait qu’un projet en suspens, en perpétuel reconstruction, me poussant à redéfinir mon propre objet de recherche.
Le Château de Dublin de 1880 à 1922 : repaire de traîtres ou d’agents doubles ?
Authors: Berthillot Émilie
Published: June 2016

Entre 1880 et 1922, le Château de Dublin se
transforme : le quartier général des deux forces de police de la ville
(la Dublin Metropolitan Police et la Royal Irish Constabulary) devient
celui d’un service de renseignement officiel. Cette évolution répond à
celle de la menace à laquelle il doit faire face en tant que symbole
concret de la Couronne. En effet, après les violentes attaques des
Fenians, groupe surveillé de près par la police, le Château devient la
cible des agents doubles de Michael Collins qui l’infiltrent. Le
Château est ainsi le théâtre de nombreux actes de trahison dans le jeu
engagé entre l’observateur et l’observé et joue un rôle clé dans les
relations anglo-irlandaises. Cet article tente, à travers l’étude du
Château de Dublin, de démontrer que la professionnalisation des
méthodes d’espionnage transforme les traîtres d’alors en agents
doubles, mais que le sort qui leur est réservé en cas d’interception
reste le même : la mort.
The subversion of marriage law in Brian Merriman's Cúirt an Mheain Oíche
Authors: O’Connell Anne-Marie
Published: June 2016

18th-century Ireland under the
Penal Laws produced many poems deploring the country’s fate under
British rule. Brian Merriman, a hedge schoolmaster from Clare,
published in 1780 a long, satirical poem called Cúirt an Mheain Oíche satirizing men’s subjection
of women within marriage. This contribution will examine what marriage
law said about the situation of women and how the poem criticizes its
negative consequences on the women of Ireland as judged by a bawdy
fairy court of law.
1903 : Trois présentations françaises du protestantisme libéral
Authors: Gounelle André
Published: June 2016

Cet article étudie trois présentations de la théologie libérale par trois auteurs libéraux, à un moment tournant pour l’histoire du protestantisme libéral. Il permet d’envisager l’unité et la diversité doctrinale de ce courant, en même temps que la compréhension qu’il a de sa propre histoire, dans l’histoire plus générale du christianisme et du protestantisme.
Integrated Parameter Management Concept for Simplified Implementation of Control, Motion Planning and Process Optimization Methods
Authors: Öltjen Julian , Beckmann Daniel , Hansen Christian , Maurer Ilja , Kotlarski Jens , Ortmaier Tobias
Published: June 2016

For complex automation tasks, the configuration and parametrization of both hardware and software components involves the main part of the required commissioning time. To simplify this process and significantly reduce the required expense, an integrated parameter and data management concept is proposed. Several advanced methods for an optimized process design simultaneously access a global parameter database. In this manner, the shared parameters are synchronized and verified to improve the performance and maximize the robustness of each individual method and, therewith, optimize the entire production process.
Towards a Modular and Wearable Support System for Industrial Production
Authors: Weidner Robert , Meyer Tobias , Argubi-Wollesen Andreas , Wulfsberg Jens P.
Published: June 2016

Despite the increasing degree of automation many tasks are still performed manually, especially in production of individualized, sensitive or quality critical products. These tasks, e.g. tasks in or above head level, are often non ergonomic. Thus musculoskeletal diseases can occur. This paper presents a novel concept for a modular and wearable technical support system for reducing musculoskeletal stress. The support system which is based on the approach of Human Hybrid Robot (HHR) can be adapted easily to different users and activities. The system emphasizes on modularity and the use of soft materials for kinematic elements and interfaces in order to gain higher flexibility and increased human safety. The basic idea can be applied to various applications. The focus lies on a functional support system prototype for upper extremities. It comprises a Human-Machine-Interface using a vest equipped with soft kinematic elements as well as a control unit. Moreover, results from a biomechanical case study will be illustrated in order to confirm the ergonomic improvements, especially the comparison of the range of motion and the musculoskeletal stress during tasks.
A Human Centered Multi-Agent-System for Production Planning and Control
Authors: Block Christian , Morlock Friedrich , Dorka Thomas , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: June 2016

In consequence of Industrie 4.0, the application of new information and communication technologies is increasing. A central problem of industrial enterprises is the lack of any IT system which would provide required exercises concerning production planning and control (PPC). Therefore, several software systems are applied in manufacturing. Thus the demand arises to intelligently link the available and new IT systems in manufacturing. A multi-agent system offers a modeling concept for a planning support tool of PPC for the intelligent link of several systems and it increases the automation of planning processes. However, the disadvantage of multi-agent systems is that processes of autonomously acting agents are not comprehensible for humans. Nevertheless, in Industrie 4.0 the human shall be involved as the executive body or even as a decision maker. Therefore, this article describes an agent-based approach in which an agent system is used as an interface solution between IT systems and extended by a visualization approach in order to implement a partially autonomous support system for an agent-based PPC.
Identification of Assembly System Configuration for Cyber-Physical Assembly System Planning
Authors: Müller Rainer , Vette Matthias , Hörauf Leenhard , Speicher Christoph
Published: June 2016

To respond to challenges created by an increase of product variants, multi-variant lines are used as today’s assembly systems. In these multi-variant lines different product variants with diverse lot sizes can be efficiently assembled. These assembly systems are characterized by modular structures that allow assembly system adaptation by reconfiguration.The variety of parameters to be considered from the product’s perspective and the correct allocation of different assembly modules increases the complexity when planning these systems. This complexity makes it difficult to successfully plan and implement production processes. Therefore, digital planning tools and models have to be used to schedule new product variants and to verify that the assembly is possible, given by the modules in the assembly line.Due to its ability to reconfigure, the actual assembly system is adaptable to different product variants. But these modifications are performed by the operator on the shop floor and are often neither properly documented nor communicated to the assembly planer. Thus, the configuration status in reality and the virtual model differ from each other. Using the outdated model for planning without taking into account the changes can result in an unrealizable assembly plan.To overcome this problem, the presented paper introduces a method and technical system to identify the actual assembly system configuration before the assembly planning is done. Due to the subsequent update of the virtual model depending on the actual configuration, the assembly planner is supported with the latest version of the assembly system configuration. Furthermore, the assembly planning process is improved, because possible failures are detected in advance in the virtual planning environment.
Controlling and Assisting Manual Assembly Processes by Automated Progress and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Hogreve Sebastian , Kaczmarek Simon , Adam Jannes , Franz Linus , Döllen Tim , Paulus Henning , Reinkemeyer Vincent , Tracht Kirsten
Published: June 2016

The digital progress monitoring of manual assembly processes at goods with huge dimensions is a challenging task. The paper presents an approach using 3D-image sensors for gesture control and progress recognition. The developed system is able to avoid time and effort consuming walks of workers between assembly objects and computer terminals. Progress recognition of assembly processes is realized by interpreting the movements of the workers’ hands and by detecting the passing of defined coordinates within the assembly and warehouse areas.
Energy Efficiency Potentials of Different Robot Design Concepts
Authors: Permin Eike , Kurilova-Palisaitiene Jelena , Mannheim Tom , Buhse Kai , Schmitt Robert , Corves Burkhard , Björkman Mats
Published: June 2016

Rising prices and political conditions are increasing the pressure on manufacturers to increase their energy efficiency. While measures for energy intensive processes such as heating or material transformation have been researched in large number in the last year, less effort has been put into the area of robot-based operations. In contrast to that, large potentials can be expected by optimizing the load-to-weight ratio in pick-and-place or assembly tasks. This paper thus researches the energy efficiency potentials of three robot concepts. The standard serial unit is compared to a parallel robot and a hybrid approach between the two, the PARAGRIP. In addition to a review of the current state of the art, a simulation is presented demonstrating saving potentials of more than 40 per cent in an industrial application scenario.
Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide PromoteBurkholderia pseudomalleiInfection
Authors: Stolt Claudia , Schmidt Imke H. E. , Sayfart Yana , Steinmetz Ivo , Bast Antje
Published: June 2016

The environmental bacterium and potential biothreat agent Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, an often fatal infectious disease. Increased serum bilirubin has been shown to be a negative predictive factor in melioidosis patients. We therefore investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes the degradation of heme into the bilirubin precursor biliverdin, ferrous iron, and CO during B. pseudomallei infection. We found that infection of murine macrophages induces HO-1 expression, involving activation of several protein kinases and the transcription factor nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Deficiency of Nrf2 improved B. pseudomallei clearance by macrophages, whereas Nrf2 activation by sulforaphane and tert-butylhydroquinone with subsequent HO-1 induction enhanced intracellular bacterial growth. The HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX diminished proinflammatory cytokine levels, leading to an increased bacterial burden in macrophages. In contrast, HO-1 gene knockdown reduced the survival of intramacrophage B. pseudomallei. Pharmacological administration of cobalt protoporphyrin IX to mice resulted in an enhanced bacterial load in various organs and was associated with higher mortality of intranasally infected mice. The unfavorable outcome of B. pseudomallei infection after HO-1 induction was associated with higher serum IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels but decreased secretion of IFN-γ. Finally, we demonstrate that the CO-releasing molecule CORM-2 increases the B. pseudomallei load in macrophages and mice. Thus, our data suggest that the B. pseudomallei–mediated induction of HO-1 and the release of its metabolite CO impair bacterial clearance in macrophages and during murine melioidosis.
Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) Moderates Inflammation by Controlling Macrophage Activation
Authors: McMahan Ryan S. , Birkland Timothy P. , Smigiel Kate S. , Vandivort Tyler C. , Rohani Maryam G. , Manicone Anne M. , McGuire John K. , Gharib Sina A. , Parks William C.
Published: June 2016

Several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family control a range of immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and chemokine activity. Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) is expressed by macrophages in numerous tissues after injury; however, little is known of its function. In this study, we report that MMP10 is expressed by macrophages in human lungs from patients with cystic fibrosis and induced in mouse macrophages in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection both in vivo and by isolated resident alveolar and bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM). Our data indicates that macrophage MMP10 serves a beneficial function in response to acute infection. Whereas wild-type mice survived infection with minimal morbidity, 50% of Mmp10−/− mice died and all showed sustained weight loss (morbidity). Although bacterial clearance and neutrophil influx did not differ between genotypes, macrophage numbers were ∼3-fold greater in infected Mmp10−/− lungs than in wild-types. Adoptive transfer of wild-type BMDM normalized infection-induced morbidity in Mmp10−/− recipients to wild-type levels, demonstrating that the protective effect of MMP10 was due to its production by macrophages. Both in vivo and in cultured alveolar macrophages and BMDM, expression of several M1 macrophage markers was elevated, whereas M2 markers were reduced in Mmp10−/− tissue and cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that infection-mediated transcriptional changes persisted in Mmp10−/− BMDM long after they were downregulated in wild-type cells. These results indicate that MMP10 serves a beneficial role in response to acute infection by moderating the proinflammatory response of resident and infiltrating macrophages.
Precision of anterior and posterior corneal curvature measurements taken with the Oculus Pentacam
Authors: Chetty Elizabeth
Published: June 2016

In the era of rapid advances in technology, new ophthalmic instruments are constantly influencing health sciences and necessitating investigations of the accuracy and precision of the new technology. The Oculus Pentacam (70700) has been available for some time now and numerous studies have investigated the precision of some of the parameters that the Pentacam is capable of measuring. Unfortunately some of these studies fall short in confusing the meaning of accuracy and precision and in not being able to analyse the data correctly or completely. The aim of this study was to investigate the precision of the anterior and posterior corneal curvature measurements taken with the Oculus Pentacam (70700) holistically with sound multivariate statistical methods. Twenty successive Pentacam measurements were taken over three different measuring sessions on one subject. Keratometric data for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces were analysed using multivariate statistics to determine the precision of the Oculus Pentacam. This instrument was found to have good precision both clinically and statistically for anterior corneal measurements but only good clinical precision for the posterior corneal surface. Key words: Oculus Pentacam; keratometric variation; corneal curvature; multivariate statistics
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An overview of patients’ reported knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Maharaj Jayneetha , Ross Andrew , Maharaj Niren R. , Campbell Laura
Published: June 2016

Background: The incidence and prevalence of multidrug–resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, are amongst the highest in the world. Previously, interventions have been largely biomedical based; however, there is growing opinion that interventions must include social aspects such as patient education and attitudes.Methods: This observational study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 380 patients diagnosed with MDR TB at a centralised MDR TB unit in Durban. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was distributed to every third patient attending the outpatient MDR TB clinic. Data were collected over an 8-week period and analysed descriptively.Results: Just under half of the respondents had primary MDR TB. Most respondents were young, female unemployed and did not receive a social grant. Knowledge around diagnosis of MDR TB was generally adequate. There were important misconceptions about spread of the disease and duration of treatment. Most respondents received knowledge of MDR TB from healthcare workers. Some respondents received knowledge from friends, family and Sangomas and believed that the disease was caused by bewitchment or as a form of punishment.Discussion: The need for strengthening the role of primary care physicians in promoting education and providing support is highlighted. Further study is needed to investigate the high rate of primary MDR TB and to identify the unique challenges faced by women who have MDR TB. Future research could include the possibility of involving traditional healers in a contextually sensitive MDR TB education, training and support programme.
Patients’ perceptions of the triage system in a primary healthcare facility, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Adeniji Adeloye A. , Mash Bob
Published: June 2016

Background: In public healthcare facilities, where the patient numbers and the available resources are often disproportionate, triage is used to prioritise when patients are seen. Patients may not understand the triage process and have strong views on how to improve their experience.Aim: This study explored the views of patients who had undergone triage in the emergency centre of a primary care facility. Setting: Gugulethu Community Health Centre, Cape Town.Methods: A purposive sample consisted of five women (one coded green, three orange, one yellow) and four men (one coded green and three yellow). A semi-structured qualitative interview was conducted in either Xhosa or English and the transcripts analysed using the framework method.Results: All of the respondents complained of a lack of information and poor understanding of the triage process. Those coded green experienced the process as biased and unfair and reported that the triage nurse was rude and unprofessional. By contrast, those coded yellow or orange found the triage nurse to be helpful and professional. Most patients turned to support staff (e.g. security staff or cleaners) for assistance in dealing with the triage system. Most patients waited longer than the guidelines recommend and the green-coded patients complained about this issue.Conclusion: Patients did not have a good experience of the triage system. Managers of the triage system need to design better strategies to improve patient acceptance and share information. The important role of support staff needs to be recognised and strengthened.Keywords: emergency care; primary care; triage; patient satisfaction
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer prevention at Thulamela Municipality of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province
Authors: Ramathuba Dorah U. , Ngambi Doris , Khoza Lunic B. , Ramakuela Nditsheni J.
Published: June 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is a widespread and often fatal disease that affected 1 million women globally in 2005. Not only is it the second most common cancer in women but it was also the second leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for over 250 000 in 2006.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer prevention among rural women in Vhembe District in Limpopo Province.Methodology: A quantitative descriptive approach was adopted. The quantitative design enabled the discovery of more information by means of direct questioning of a sample of women aged 30 years and older. A convenience sampling was used to select the respondents. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Measures to ensure ethical issues were adhered to.Results: The findings revealed that women lacked knowledge about cervical cancer and preventive methods, and displayed positive attitudes to the use of services if made available as health workers did not adequately inform them about the availability of the services.Conclusion: The awareness of cervical cancer among women in Vhembe District is limited. There is a need to educate and promote awareness of cervical cancer among women to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Attitudes, knowledge, practices, cervical cancer
Clinical and radiographic comparison of various medicaments used for pulpotomy in primary molars: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Goyal Prachi , Pandit I. K. , Gugnani Neeraj , Gupta Monica , Goel Richa , Gambhir Ramandeep Singh
Published: June 2016

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of ferric sulfate, glutaraldehyde, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. Materials and Methods: This was a perspective randomized clinical trial. A total of 90 molars from 42 children aged 4–8 years were selected for pulpotomy procedure. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 teeth each. Teeth in Group I were intended to be treated with ferric sulfate, Group II were intended to be treated with buffered glutaraldehyde and Group III with MTA. All the molars were evaluated clinically at 24 h and both clinically and radio graphically at 1, 3, and 6 months. The observations were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: After 1 month, there was no clinical finding observed in all the three groups. At 3 months postoperative evaluation, 13.3% of teeth in Group I and 12.5% of teeth in Group II had mobility. At 6 months interval, pain and sinus formation each was noted in 9.1% of primary teeth in Group I while periodontal ligament widening was reported in 66.7% of teeth in Group I and 85.7% of teeth in Group II. Conclusion: MTA exhibited overall best results as pulpotomy agent for primary molars followed by 15.5% ferric sulfate, whereas 2% buffered glutaraldehyde was found to be least effective as a pulpotomy agent.
Evaluation of the bond strength of root-end placed mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine in the absence/presence of blood contamination
Authors: Akcay Huseyin , Arslan Hakan , Akcay Merve , Mese Merve , Sahin Naciye Nur
Published: June 2016

Objective: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been accepted as an appropriate root-end filling material in endodontic microsurgery because of setting ability in the wet environment. The aim of this study was to assess the bond strength of root-end placed MTA and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) in the absence/presence of blood contamination. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted maxillary incisors were used. subsequent to root-end resection and apical preparation using ultrasonic retro-tips, the specimens were randomly separated into two groups according to the root-end filling materials: MTA (Cerkamed Medical Company, Stalowa, Poland) or Biodentine. The specimens were then separated into two subgroups according to storage condition (absence/presence of blood) (n = 12). After obtaining 2.0 ± 0.1 mm slices, push-out tests were performed. Each slice was examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the failure mode. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The failure modes were analyzed using the Chi-square test (P = 0.05). Results: The bond strength was significantly affected by the presence of blood contamination and root-end filling material type (P < 0.001). Biodentine had better bond strength than MTA (P < 0.001). The most common failure type was adhesive failure. According to the Chi-square test, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P = 0.394). Conclusions: Biodentine had better bond strength values compared to MTA, and the bond strength of both MTA and Biodentine as root-end filling materials was negatively affected by the presence of blood.
Chemomechanical caries removal method versus mechanical caries removal methods in clinical and community-based setting: A comparative in vivo study
Authors: Kumar K. V. K. Santosh , Prasad M. Ghanashyam , Sandeep R. Venkata , Reddy S. Pavani , Divya D. , Pratyusha K.
Published: June 2016

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of various caries removal techniques in mandibular primary molars using Smart Burs, atraumatic restorative technique (ART) (mechanical caries removal) and Carie-care (chemomechanical caries removal [CMCR]) among primary school children in clinical and community-based settings. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 carious primary mandibular molars were selected for the study from the dental clinic and community. They were equally assigned to four groups according to caries removal technique and also by the operating site. In Group 1, caries was removed using Carie-care in the dental clinic and in Group 2, with Smart Burs in the dental clinic. In Group 3, caries was removed using Carie-care in the field and in Group 4, with the ART in the field. The time taken for caries removal, the efficacy of caries removal and patient acceptance were evaluated with different caries removal techniques. Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA test. Results: In clinical settings, Carie-care was time-consuming but was more efficient with increased acceptance than Smart Burs and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). In community-based settings, Carie-care was more efficient, less time consuming, and showed an increased acceptance when compared to atraumatic restorative treatment and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The CMCR technique was superior to the mechanical caries removal technique in primary teeth among school children in terms of time, efficacy, and acceptance in both clinical- and community-based settings.
Free gingival grafting procedure after excisional biopsy, 12-year follow-up
Authors: Keskiner Ilker , Alkan B. Arzu , Tasdemir Zekeriya
Published: June 2016

The total removal of a lesion via excisional biopsy causes gingival recession, resulting in dentin hypersensitivity and esthetical problems. In this case report, a gingival recession defect resulting from an excisional biopsy was treated with a free gingival grafting procedure performed during the same appointment, and its 12-year follow-up was presented. A 44-year-old female patient was presented to our clinic with a firm, pedunculated, red gingival enlargement located on the labial surface of lower incisors. The exposed root surface, after the excisional biopsy, was covered with a free gingival graft. The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma, and in the early postoperative phase, no recurrence was observed, but partial root coverage was determined. At 6-month follow-up, root coverage resulting from “creeping attachment” was observed, and this situation was maintained throughout the 12-year follow-up period. Repetitious postoperative discomfort and emotional stress for the patient may be avoided with a timesaving single appointment performing excisional biopsy and free gingival graft. Free gingival grafting procedure was used for this purpose not only to cover exposed root surfaces but also to eliminate dentin hypersensitivity and make oral hygiene procedures more effective.
Uses of electromyography in dentistry: An overview with meta-analysis
Authors: Nishi Shamima Easmin , Basri Rehana , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: June 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the uses of electromyography (EMG) in dentistry in the last few years in related research. EMG is an advanced technique to record and evaluate muscle activity. In the previous days, EMG was only used for medical sciences, but now EMG playing a tremendous role in medical as well as dental sector. Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies published until July 2015. Results: EMG can be used in both diagnosis and treatment purpose to record neuromuscular activity. In dentistry, we can utilize EMG to evaluate muscular activity in function such as chewing and biting or parafunctional activities such as clenching and bruxism. In case of TMJ and myofascial pain disorders, EMG widely is used in the last few years. Conclusions: EMG is one of biometric tests that occur in the modern evidence-based dentistry practice.
Frequency of sucrose exposure on the cariogenicity of a biofilm-caries model
Authors: Díaz-Garrido Natalia , Lozano Carla , Giacaman Rodrigo A.
Published: June 2016

Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in the human diet, the question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on the hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies of daily sucrose exposure were tested on a relevant biological caries model. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of the Streptococcus mutans were formed on enamel slabs and exposed to cariogenic challenges with 10% sucrose for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day. After 5 days, biofilms were retrieved to analyze biomass, protein content, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by percentage of microhardness loss (percentage surface hardness loss [%SHL]). Results: Biomass, protein content, polysaccharide production, acidogenicity of the biofilm, and %SHL proportionally increased with the number of daily exposures to sucrose (P < 0.05). One daily sucrose exposure was enough to induce 20% more demineralization than the negative unexposed control. Higher frequencies induced greater demineralization and more virulent biofilms, but eight and ten exposures were not different between them in most of the analyzed variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher sucrose exposure seems to increase cariogenicity, in a frequency-dependent manner, by the modification of bacterial virulent properties.
Esthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery from the dentistry students’ perspective
Authors: Ayyildiz Erdem , Tan Enes , Keklik Hakan , Demirtag Zulfikar , Celebi Ahmet Arif , Pithon Matheus Melo
Published: June 2016

Objective: The aim of the this study was to evaluate the perception of smile esthetics and alterations in cases of gingival plastic surgery for correction of a gummy smile, by means of alterations in smile photograph among dentistry degree students. Materials and Methods: A frontal smile photograph of a 40-year-old woman having normal occlusion was used with diverse compositions of gingival exposure level and crown length of maxillary teeth. The eight photographs were evaluated by 216 dentistry students in five class groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th classes). Results: The results revealed that almost all of the class’ students perceived differences between images, additionally, the highest percentage of students that answered “no difference” was 12% at 1st class’ students. 1st and 2nd class’ students most liked photograph which is 2.5 mm gingival display and 3rd class students liked two different photographs which are 2.5 mm gingival display and 2 mm gingival display whereas 4th class students preferred two different photographs which are 1.5 mm gingival display and 1 mm gingival display, 5th class students preferred photograph which is 1.5 mm gingival display as the most. Conclusion: Esthetic perception of smile improve as a student passes to higher study classes in terms of gingival exposure. The harmonious display of gingiva exhibits an important effect in the smile esthetics rather than reduced or excessive display.
Tooth discoloration induced by a novel mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer
Authors: Lee Dae-Sung , Lim Myung-Jin , Choi Yoorina , Rosa Vinicius , Hong Chan-Ui , Min Kyung-San
Published: June 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration caused by contact with a novel injectable mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal sealer (Endoseal; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) compared with a widely used resin-based root canal sealer (AHplus; Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) and conventional MTA (ProRoot; Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA). Materials and Methods: Forty standardized bovine tooth samples were instrumented and divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n = 10/group). Each material was inserted into the cavity, and all specimens were sealed with a self-adhesive resin. Based on CIE Lab system, brightness change (ΔL) and total color change (ΔE) of each specimen between baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks were obtained. Results: At all time points, Endoseal showed no significant difference in ΔL and ΔE compared to AHplus and control group (P > 0.05), whereas the ProRoot group showed significantly higher ΔL and ΔE values than the Endoseal group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). Therefore, Endoseal showed less discoloration than conventional MTA and a similar color change to AHplus. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, our data indicate that the MTA-based sealer produces a similar amount of tooth discoloration as AHplus which is considered to be acceptable.
Efficiency of gaseous ozone in reducing the development of dry socket following surgical third molar extraction
Authors: Ahmedi Jehona , Ahmedi Enis , Sejfija Osman , Agani Zana , Hamiti Vjosa
Published: June 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ozone gas (O3) on the reduction of dry socket (DS) occurrence following surgical extraction of lower jaw third molars, influence of the indication for the extraction, and the difficulty of extraction on the incidence of DS. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty patients with bilaterally impacted third molars of mandible requiring surgical procedure for extraction. Following extraction, in the control group, saline solution was used for irrigation of extraction sockets and in the experimental group, intra-alveolar O3 was applied for 12 s (Prozone, W and H, UK, Ltd.). The surgeries were performed by the same oral surgeon. The follow-up visits were performed at 48 h and on day seven, postsurgery where the symptoms of DS were evaluated and intensity of pain has been recorded using visual analog scale 0–100. Results: In this pilot study, DS was present in 16.67% and 3.33% of cases in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P = 0.20). Conclusion: The application of O3 may reduce the incidence of DS and accelerates the recovery period after the surgery. Prophylactic use of O3 may be suggested in all patients, especially in the patients at a risk of development of DS.
Bioinformatic Characterization of Mosquito Viromes within the Eastern United States and Puerto Rico: Discovery of Novel Viruses
Authors: Frey Kenneth G. , Biser Tara , Hamilton Theron , Santos Carlos J. , Pimentel Guillermo , Mokashi Vishwesh P. , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A.
Published: June 2016

Mosquitoes are efficient, militarily relevant vectors of infectious disease pathogens, including many RNA viruses. The vast majority of all viruses are thought to be undiscovered. Accordingly, recent studies have shown that viruses discovered in insects are very divergent from known pathogens and that many of them lack appropriate reference sequences in the public databases. Given that the majority of viruses are likely still undiscovered, environmental sampling stands to provide much needed reference samples as well as genetic sequences for comparison. In this study, we sought to determine whether samples of mosquitoes collected from different sites (the Caribbean and locations on the US East Coast) could be differentiated using metagenomic analysis of the RNA viral fraction. We report here distinct virome profiles, even from samples collected short distances apart. In addition to profiling the previously known viruses from these samples, we detected a number of viruses that have been previously undiscovered.
Integration of Telomere Length Dynamics into Systems Biology Framework: A Review
Authors: Nersisyan Lilit
Published: June 2016

Telomere length dynamics plays a crucial role in regulation of cellular processes and cell fate. In contrast to epidemiological studies revealing the association of telomere length with age, age-related diseases, and cancers, the role of telomeres in regulation of transcriptome and epigenome and the role of genomic variations in telomere lengthening are not extensively analyzed. This is explained by the fact that experimental assays for telomere length measurement are resource consuming, and there are very few studies where high-throughput genomics, transcriptomics, and/or epigenomics experiments have been coupled with telomere length measurements. Recent development of computational approaches for assessment of telomere length from whole genome sequencing data pave a new perspective on integration of telomeres into high-throughput systems biology analysis framework. Herein, we review existing methodologies for telomere length measurement and compare them to computational approaches, as well as discuss their applications in large-scale studies on telomere length dynamics.
Максимизация ожидаемой полезности для экспоненциальных моделей Леви с опционом и информационные процессы
Authors: Vostrikova Lyudmila Yur'evna
Published: June 2016

Рассматривается задача максимизации ожидаемой полезности для экспоненциальных моделей Леви и полезностей типа HARA для случая, когда в портфеле ценных бумаг находится неликвидный актив. Этот неликвидный актив представлен опционом Европейского типа на второй актив, зависящий от первого ликвидного актива. При некоторых предположениях на процессы Леви, входящие в модель, даются выражения для информационных процессов, фигурирующих в формуле для максимальной ожидаемой полезности. В качестве примеров, рассматриваются модели Блэка и Шоулса с коррелированными броуновскими движениями, а также модели Блэка и Шоулса со скачками, представленными пуассоновским процессом.
Оценивание опционов азиатского и баскетного типов с помощью верхних и нижних границ
Authors: Novikov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Alexander Scott , Kordzahiya Nino E , Ling T
Published: June 2016

В работе развивается общий подход для нахождения цен класса опционов с помощью верхних и нижних границ. Этот класс включает в себя опционы азиатского и баскетного типов, а также опционы на cредневзвешенную по объему торгов цену. Показано, что использование нижних границ в рассматриваемых случаях позволяет получить достаточно точные аналитические и численные апроксимации цен опционов.
Явное описание функций полезности типа HARA и отвечающих им оптимальных портфелей
Authors: Choulli T , Ma Junfeng
Published: June 2016

Получена полная характеризация форвардных функций полезностей типа HARA в рыночных моделях, где процесс цен акций описывается локально ограниченным $d$-мерным семимартингалом. Дано явное описание оптимальных портфелей, отвечающих указанным функциям полезности. При некоторых слабых предположениях интегрируемости доказано, что процесс неприятия риска для степенной форвардной функции полезности является константой. Наш подход основан на минимальных мартингальных плотностях Хеллингера, получаемых из процесса Хеллингера. Преимущества данного подхода иллюстрируются на примере рыночных моделей в дискретном времени.
О существовании мартингальных мер, удовлетворяющих ослабленному условию несовпадения барицентров, в
случае счетного вероятностного пространства
Authors: Pavlov Igor Victorovich , Shamraeva Victoria Victorovna , Tsvetkova Inna Vladimirovna
Published: June 2016

Для статических $(B, S)$-рынков со счетным числом состояний изучается специальное интерполяционное свойство мартингальных мер, дающее возможность преобразовать неполные безарбитражные рынки в полные. Получены достаточные условия на параметры рынка, обеспечивающие существование таких мартингальных мер.
On an optimal stopping problem of an insider
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhou Zh
Published: June 2016

В работе рассматривается задача оптимальной остановки $v^{(\varepsilon)}:=\sup_{\tau\in \mathscr{T}_{0,T}}\mathbf{E} B_{(\tau-\varepsilon)^+}$, сформулированная А. Н. Ширяевым в докладе, сделанном на Международной конференции "Stochastic Optimization and Optimal Stopping", организованной Математическим институтом им. В.А. Стеклова в Москве в сентябре 2012 года. Пусть $T>0$ - фиксированный временной горизонт, $(B_t)_{0\le t\le T}$ - броуновское движение, $\varepsilon\in[0,T]$ - некоторая константа и $\mathscr{T}_{\varepsilon,T}$ - множество моментов остановки со значениями на $[\varepsilon,T]$.
Решение этой задачи описывается обратными стохастическими дифференциальными уравнениями с отражением, коэффициенты которых зависят от траекторий, что влечет непрерывность $\varepsilon \to v^{(\varepsilon)}$. Для достаточно больших $\varepsilon$ в работе получено явное выражение для $v^{(\varepsilon)}$, для малых $\varepsilon$ получены верхняя и нижняя оценки.
Основным результатом статьи является асимптотика $v^{(\varepsilon)}$ при $\varepsilon\searrow 0$. Помимо этого в статье получена теорема Леви о модуле непрерывности в $L^1$-норме.
Factors determining the success of public private partnership projects in Nigeria
Authors: Sanni Afeez Olalekan
Published: June 2016

The implementation of public private partnership (PPP) procurement method is expected to help governments in the development of infrastructures and provides an opportunity for the reduction in the governments’ debt profiles. This method has been adopted in Nigeria for more than a decade and with these years of implementation, few infrastructural projects have been developed using this method while some have been unsuccessful. This study aims to examine the PPP projects implementation in Nigeria and identify the most critical factors that could determine the success of such projects. A total of 184 questionnaires were received from public and private sectors’ participants in the implementation of PPP projects. An exploratory factor analysis identified seven critical success factors as projects feedback, leadership focus, risk allocation and economic policy, good governance and political support, short construction period, favourable socio-economic factors, and delivering publicly needed service. This study shows that more developmental projects could be delivered through PPP if the government could focus on these main factors in the implementation process. The result will influence policy development towards PPP and guide the partners in the development of PPP projects.