bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating a focus on health equity in implementation science: Case examples from the national cancer institute’s implementation science in cancer control centers (ISC3) network
Authors: Aschbrenner Kelly A. , Oh April Y. , Tabak Rachel G. , Hannon Peggy A. , Angier Heather E. , Moore W. Todd , Likumahuwa-Ackman Sonja , Carroll Jennifer K. , Baumann Ana A. , Beidas Rinad S. , Mazzucca-Ragan Stephanie , Waters Erika A. , Sadasivam Rajani S. , Shelton Rachel C.
Published: September 2023

Background:

A Health Equity Task Force (HETF) of members from seven Centers funded by the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Implementation Science in Cancer Control Centers (ISC3) network sought to identify case examples of how Centers were applying a focus on health equity in implementation science to inform future research and capacity-building efforts.

Methods:

HETF members at each ISC3 collected information on how health equity was conceptualized, operationalized, and addressed in initial research and capacity-building efforts across the seven ISC3 Centers funded in 2019–2020. Each Center completed a questionnaire assessing five health equity domains central to implementation science (e.g., community engagement; implementation science theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs); and engaging underrepresented scholars). Data generated illustrative examples from these five domains.

Results:

Centers reported a range of approaches focusing on health equity in implementation research and capacity-building efforts, including (1) engaging diverse community partners/settings in making decisions about research priorities and projects; (2) applying health equity within a single TMF applied across projects or various TMFs used in specific projects; (3) evaluating health equity in operationalizing and measuring health and implementation outcomes; (4) building capacity for health equity-focused implementation science among trainees, early career scholars, and partnering organizations; and (5) leveraging varying levels of institutional resources and efforts to engage, include, and support underrepresented scholars.

Conclusions:

Examples of approaches to integrating health equity across the ISC3 network can inform other investigators and centers’ efforts to build capacity and infrastructure to support growth and expansion of health equity-focused implementation science.
Host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to the parasitism of five populations of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, from China
Authors: Sun M. , Niu W. , Shi L. , Lv Y. , Fu B. , Xia Y. , Li H. , Wang K. , Li Y.
Published: September 2023

In a recent survey of nematodes associated with tobacco in Shandong, China, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae was identified using a combination of morphology and molecular techniques. This nematode species is a serious parasite that damages a variety of plant species. The model plant benthi, Nicotiana benthamiana, is frequently used to study plant-disease interactions. However, it is not known whether this plant species is a host of P. coffeae. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parasitism and pathogenicity of five populations of the root-lesion nematode P. coffeae on N. benthamiana.N. benthamiana seedlings with the same growth status were chosen and inoculated with 1,000 nematodes per pot. At 60 days after inoculation, the reproductive factors (Rf = final population densities (Pf)/initial population densities (Pi)) for P. coffeae in the rhizosphere of N. benthamiana were all more than 1, suggesting that N. benthamiana was a good host plant for P. coffeae.Nicotiana. benthamiana infected by P. coffeae showed weak growth, decreased tillering, high root reduction, and noticeable brown spots on the roots. Thus, we determined that the model plant N. benthamiana can be used to study plant-P. coffeae interactions.
Variation in global network properties across risk factors for adolescent internalizing symptoms: evidence of cumulative effects on structure and connectivity
Authors: Black Louise , Farzinnia Reihaneh , Humphrey Neil , Marquez Jose
Published: September 2023

Background

Identifying adolescents at risk of internalizing problems is a key priority. However, studies have tended to consider such problems in simple ways using diagnoses, or item summaries. Network theory and methods instead allow for more complex interaction between symptoms. Two key hypotheses predict differences in global network properties for those at risk: altered structure and increased connectivity.

Methods

The current study evaluated these hypotheses for nine risk factors (e.g. income deprivation and low parent/carer support) individually and cumulatively in a large sample of 12–15 year-olds (N = 34 564). Recursive partitioning and bootstrapped networks were used to evaluate structural and connectivity differences.

Results

The pattern of network interactions was shown to be significantly different via recursive partitioning for all comparisons across risk-present/absent groups and levels of cumulative risk, except for income deprivation. However, the magnitude of differences appeared small. Most individual risk factors also showed relatively small effects for connectivity. Exceptions were noted for gender and sexual minority risk groups, as well as low parent/carer support, where larger effects were evident. A strong linear trend was observed between increasing cumulative risk exposure and connectivity.

Conclusions

A robust approach to considering the effect of risk exposure on global network properties was demonstrated. Results are consistent with the ideas that pathological states are associated with higher connectivity, and that the number of risks, regardless of their nature, is important. Gender/sexual minority status and low parent/carer support had the biggest individual impacts on connectivity, suggesting these are particularly important for identification and prevention.
The Role of Bjerknes and Shortwave Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific SST Response to Global Warming
Authors: Fu Minmin , Fedorov Alexey
Published: September 2023

The evolution of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in response to greenhouse warming is of great societal and scientific interest. Most state‐of‐the‐art climate models predict a mean “El Niño‐like” warming pattern by century‐end, characterized by greater warming over the Pacific cold tongue compared to the western warm pool. However, it is unclear which proposed mechanism dominates in this response. Here, we present partially coupled abrupt CO2 doubling experiments in which surface wind stress and shortwave heating are overridden to values from a control simulation. Contrary to previous studies, we find that experiments with overriding of surface wind stress exhibit only 58% of the full reduction in east‐west SST contrast. When both surface wind stress and shortwave flux are overridden, only 34% of the full reduction remains, controlled by spatially‐varying evaporative cooling. These results underscore the importance of Bjerknes and shortwave feedbacks in the tropical Pacific SST response to global warming.
Cerebral endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate microglial polarization and promote autophagy via delivery of miR-672-5p
Authors: Wang Changshui , Feng Lei , Zhu Li , Wu Linlin , Chen Beibei , Cui Changmeng , Yang Mengqi , Gao Yahao , Jiang Pei
Published: September 2023

The interaction between cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) and brain parenchymal cells is critical to maintain neurovascular homeostasis, whereas extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential to mediate the cell–cell communication. Previous researches demonstrated that CEC-derived EVs (CEC-EVs) confer neuroprotective actions. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we isolated EVs from CEC and assessed their immune-regulatory actions in microglial cells and mice following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. We found that CEC-EVs treatment significantly ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory activation, shifting microglial polarization from pro-inflammatory phenotype to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Meanwhile, microglial cells can effectively internalize CEC-EVs and this process was further enhanced by immune activation. Next, the miRNA microarray analysis revealed that CEC-EVs increased expression of miR-672-5p, which was demonstrated to be the cargo of CEC-EVs. TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding proteins 2 (TAB2) was identified to be the target of miR-672-5p. Through inhibiting TAB2, miR-672-5p derived from CEC-EVs suppressed TAK1-TAB signaling and thereby mitigating the downstream NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we found that by delivering miR-672-5p, CEC-EVs promoted autophagy and hence stimulating autophagic degradation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our work firstly revealed the neuroimmune-modulating actions of CEC-EVs and further demonstrated that miR-672-5p secreted from CEC-EVs inhibits microglial pro-inflammatory polarization and facilitates autophagic process via targeting TAB2.
LncRNA TIALD contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via inducing AURKA lysosomal degradation
Authors: Wang Yingchao , Zhong Yue , Zheng Xiaoyuan , Cheng Niangmei , Yang Yong , Yang Ye , Wang Fei , Zhuang Qiuyu , Huang Yao , Guo Wuhua , Liao Naishun , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhao Bixing , Liu Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL16 is an emerging player in RNA modification landscape and responsible for the deposition of m6A in a few transcripts. AURKA (aurora kinase A) has been confirmed as an oncogene in cancer development including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether METTL16 mediated m6A modification of lncRNAs can regulate AURKA activation in cancer progression. Here we aimed to investigate the functional links between lncRNAs and the m6A modification in AURKA signaling and HCC progression. Here we show that LncRNA TIALD (transcript that induced AURKA Lysosomal degradation) was down-regulated in HCC tissues by METTL16 mediated m6A methylation to facilitate its RNA degradation, and correlates with poor prognosis. Functional assays reveal that TIALD inhibits HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TIALD directly interacts with AURKA and facilitate its degradation through the lysosomal pathway to inhibited EMT and metastasis of HCC. AURKA’s specific inhibitor alisertib exerts effective therapeutic effect on liver cancer with low TIALD expression, which might provide a new insight into HCC therapy. Our study uncovers a negative functional loop of METTL16-TIALD-AURKA axis, and identifies a new mechanism for METTL16 mediated m6A-induced decay of TIALD on AURKA signaling in HCC progression, which may provide potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Vitreomacular interface abnormalities in the Ghanaian African
Authors: Amoaku Winfried M. , Cushley Laura , Silvestri Vittorio , Akafo Stephen , Amissah-Arthur Kwesi N. , Lartey Seth , Hageman Courtney N. , Pappas Christian M. , Hubbard William C. , Bernstein Paul S. , Vitale Albert , Roberts Megan , Virgili Gianni , Hageman Gregory S. , Silvestri Giuliana ,   For the Ghana AMD Study Group, Ahiabor Edem K. , Atkins Amos , Feilmeier Jessica , Feilmeier Michael , Hancox Lisa S. , McCormick Sheri L. , Miller Norma , Nichols Lisa R. , Cushley Laura N. , Ferrin Cóilin P. , Matthews Stacie , Choi Susie , Ricks Christopher
Published: September 2023

Background/Objective

Describe vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and correlations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) grade in Ghanaian Africans.

Subjects/Methods

Prospective, cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥50 years recruited in Ghana AMD Study. Participant demographics, medical histories, ophthalmic examination, digital colour fundus photography (CFP) were obtained. High-resolution five-line raster OCT, Macular Cube 512 × 128 scans, and additional line scans in areas of clinical abnormality, were acquired. SD-OCT VMI features classified by International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group system and relationships to AMD grade were evaluated. Outcomes: VMIA prevalence, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreomacular adhesions (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), epiretinal membranes (ERM), correlations with AMD grade.

Results

The full Ghana AMD cohort included 718 participants; 624 participants (1248 eyes) aged ≥50 years (range = 50–101, mean = 68.8), 68.9% female were included in this analysis. CFP with OCT scans were available for 776 eyes (397 participants); 707 (91.1%) had gradable CFP and OCT scans for both AMD and VMI grading forming the dataset for this report. PVD was absent in 504 (71.3%); partial and complete PVD occurred in 16.7% and 12.0% respectively. PVD did not increase with age (p = 0.720). VMIA without traction and macular holes were observed in 12.2% of eyes; 87.8% had no abnormalities. VMIA was not significantly correlated with AMD grade (p = 0.819).

Conclusions

This provides the first assessment of VMIA in Ghanaian Africans. VMIA are common in Africans; PVD may be less common than in Caucasians. There was no significant association of AMD grade with VMIA.
Liquid–liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks
Authors: Liu Jason X. , Haataja Mikko P. , Košmrlj Andrej , Datta Sujit S. , Arnold Craig B. , Priestley Rodney D.
Published: September 2023

Complex fibrillar networks mediate liquid–liquid phase separation of biomolecular condensates within the cell. Mechanical interactions between these condensates and the surrounding networks are increasingly implicated in the physiology of the condensates and yet, the physical principles underlying phase separation within intracellular media remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the dynamics and mechanics of liquid–liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks by condensing oil droplets within biopolymer gels. We find that condensates constrained within the network pore space grow in abrupt temporal bursts. The subsequent restructuring of condensates and concomitant network deformation is contingent on the fracture of network fibrils, which is determined by a competition between condensate capillarity and network strength. As a synthetic analog to intracellular phase separation, these results further our understanding of the mechanical interactions between biomolecular condensates and fibrillar networks in the cell.
Photostimulation of brain lymphatics in male newborn and adult rodents for therapy of intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Li Dongyu , Liu Shaojun , Yu Tingting , Liu Zhang , Sun Silin , Bragin Denis , Shirokov Alexander , Navolokin Nikita , Bragina Olga , Hu Zhengwu , Kurths Jürgen , Fedosov Ivan , Blokhina Inna , Dubrovski Alexander , Khorovodov Alexander , Terskov Andrey , Tzoy Maria , Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Zhu Dan
Published: September 2023

Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most fatal forms of brain injury that is a common complication of premature infants. However, the therapy of this type of hemorrhage is limited, and new strategies are needed to reduce hematoma expansion. Here we show that the meningeal lymphatics is a pathway to remove red blood cells from the brain’s ventricular system of male human, adult and newborn rodents and is a target for non-invasive transcranial near infrared photobiomodulation. Our results uncover the clinical significance of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage in 4-day old male rat pups that have the brain similar to a preterm human brain. The course of phototherapy in newborn rats provides fast recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage due to photo-improvements of lymphatic drainage and clearing functions. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage that can be a clinically relevant technology for treatment of neonatal intracerebral bleedings.
An autoinhibited state of 53BP1 revealed by small molecule antagonists and protein engineering
Authors: Cui Gaofeng , Botuyan Maria Victoria , Drané Pascal , Hu Qi , Bragantini Benoît , Thompson James R. , Schuller David J. , Detappe Alexandre , Perfetti Michael T. , James Lindsey I. , Frye Stephen V. , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Mer Georges
Published: September 2023

The recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin, mediated by its recognition of histone H4 dimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20me2), is important for DNA double-strand break repair. Using a series of small molecule antagonists, we demonstrate a conformational equilibrium between an open and a pre-existing lowly populated closed state of 53BP1 in which the H4K20me2 binding surface is buried at the interface between two interacting 53BP1 molecules. In cells, these antagonists inhibit the chromatin recruitment of wild type 53BP1, but do not affect 53BP1 variants unable to access the closed conformation despite preservation of the H4K20me2 binding site. Thus, this inhibition operates by shifting the conformational equilibrium toward the closed state. Our work therefore identifies an auto-associated form of 53BP1—autoinhibited for chromatin binding—that can be stabilized by small molecule ligands encapsulated between two 53BP1 protomers. Such ligands are valuable research tools to study the function of 53BP1 and have the potential to facilitate the development of new drugs for cancer therapy.
Immunogenicity of an AS01-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVPreF3) vaccine in animal models
Authors: Bouzya Badiaa , Rouxel Ronan Nicolas , Sacconnay Lionel , Mascolo Romuald , Nols Laurence , Quique Stéphanie , François Loïc , Atas Anne , Warter Lucile , Dezutter Nancy , Lorin Clarisse
Published: September 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a high disease burden in older adults. An effective vaccine for this RSV-primed population may need to boost/elicit robust RSV-neutralizing antibody responses and recall/induce RSV-specific T cell responses. To inform the selection of the vaccine formulation for older adults, RSVPreF3 (RSV fusion glycoprotein engineered to maintain the prefusion conformation) with/without AS01 adjuvant was evaluated in mice and bovine RSV infection-primed cattle. In mice, RSVPreF3/AS01 elicited robust RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers and RSV F-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses exceeding those induced by non-adjuvanted RSVPreF3. In primed bovines, RSVPreF3/AS01 tended to induce higher pre-/post-vaccination fold-increases in RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers relative to non-adjuvanted and Alum-adjuvanted RSVPreF3 formulations, and elicited higher RSV F-specific CD4+ T cell frequencies relative to the non-adjuvanted vaccine. Though AS01 adjuvanticity varied by animal species and priming status, RSVPreF3/AS01 elicited/boosted RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers and RSV F-specific CD4+ T cell responses in both animal models, which supported its further clinical evaluation as prophylactic candidate vaccine for older adults.
Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome
Authors: Gyöngyösi Mariann , Lukovic Dominika , Mester-Tonczar Julia , Zlabinger Katrin , Einzinger Patrick , Spannbauer Andreas , Schweiger Victor , Schefberger Katharina , Samaha Eslam , Bergler-Klein Jutta , Riesenhuber Martin , Nitsche Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Mucher Patrick , Haslacher Helmuth , Breuer Monika , Strassl Robert , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Loewe Christian , Beitzke Dietrich , Hasimbegovic Ena , Zelniker Thomas A.
Published: September 2023

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation may be involved in long-COVID symptoms, but reactivation of other viruses as a factor has received less attention. Here we evaluated the reactivation of parvovirus-B19 and several members of the Herpesviridae family (DNA viruses) in patients with long-COVID syndrome. We hypothesized that monovalent COVID-19 vaccines inhibit viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome, thereby reducing clinical symptoms. Clinical and laboratory data for 252 consecutive patients with PCR-verified past SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-COVID syndrome (155 vaccinated and 97 non-vaccinated) were recorded during April 2021–May 2022 (median 243 days post-COVID-19 infection). DNA virus–related IgG and IgM titers were compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated long-COVID patients and with age- and sex-matched non-infected, unvaccinated (pan-negative for spike-antibody) controls. Vaccination with monovalent COVID-19 vaccines was associated with significantly less frequent fatigue and multiorgan symptoms (p < 0.001), significantly less cumulative DNA virus–related IgM positivity, significantly lower levels of plasma IgG subfractions 2 and 4, and significantly lower quantitative cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM and EBV IgM titers. These results indicate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may interrupt viral cross-talk in patients with long-COVID syndrome (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05398952).
New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models
Authors: Sharma Ashish Kumar , Singh Shivam , Bhat Mehvish , Gill Kartik , Zaid Mohammad , Kumar Sachin , Shakya Anjali , Tantray Junaid , Jose Divyamol , Gupta Rashmi , Yangzom Tsering , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Sahu Sanjay Kumar , Rathore Gulshan , Chandolia Priyanka , Singh Mithilesh , Mishra Anurag , Raj Shobhit , Gupta Archita , Agarwal Mohit , Kifayat Sumaiya , Gupta Anamika , Gupta Prashant , Vashist Ankit , Vaibhav Parth , Kathuria Nancy , Yadav Vipin , Singh Ravindra Pal , Garg Arun
Published: September 2023

Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias’ characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
Quality of life and mental health outcomes: the role of sociodemographic factors in the Palestinian context
Authors: Bdier Dana , Veronese Guido , Mahamid Fayez
Published: September 2023

The Mental health of Palestinians has been described as among the lowest in the world, with over half of Palestinian adults meeting the diagnostic threshold for depressive symptoms and a significant portion of Palestinians experiencing mental distress and anxiety. The aim of the current study was to test the correlation between quality of life (QoL) and mental health outcomes, and the role of sociodemographic variables in predicting mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) among Palestinian adults during a challenging period of political conflict. The sample of our study consisted of 957 participants, 283 males and 674 females they were recruited using online methods; online advertisements, e-mail campaigns and social media. Our findings showed that QoL negatively correlated with stress (r = − 0.43, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = − 0.46, p < 0.01), and depression (r = − 0.47, p < 0.05). Moreover, stress positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.81, p < 0.01), and depression (r = 0.89, p < 0.01). Finally, anxiety positively correlated with depression (r = 0.82, p < 0.01). Results of hierarchical regression analysis to predict stress, anxiety and depression, indicated that QoL, educational level, gender, region of residence, and age explained in a significant way variance in depression, anxiety and stress. Our findings are promising to conduct other studies in order to understand better how current study variables correlate to each other, so appropriate clinical interventions to mitigate the negative effects of depression, anxiety, and stress through enhancing quality of life and positive coping strategies can be developed and implemented by mental health providers.
The Heterotrophic Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification (HN–AD) Process
Authors: Anjali G. , Sabumon P. C.
Published: September 2023

Autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification processes are considered as conventional biological nitrogen removal methods. A single reactor system for these processes is highly complex and difficult, due to the difference in: (i) DO requirement and tolerance, (ii) microorganisms and their metabolism, (iii) reactor configurations and loading rates, and (iv) factors responsible for effective removal. Recent decades have observed the development of efficient single-stage nitrogen removal processes, such as Anammox and its modifications, Comammox, Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia (DNRA) and HN–AD. Among these processes, HN–AD offers several advantages as the metabolically versatile bacteria can accomplish one-stage nitrogen removal in aerobic conditions in the presence of organic carbon. Hence, this chapter, comprehensively reviews the HN–AD process to create better understanding and applicability. This chapter talks about the diversity and distribution of HN–AD microbes, the nutrient removal mechanism (N, C and P), factors affecting the performance of the HN–AD process and the application of HN–AD in wastewater treatment facilities with perspectives on the future scope of research.
Green synthesis of N,S-doped carbon dots for tartrazine detection and their antibacterial activities
Authors: Mohanta Tanmayee , Behuria Himadri Gourav , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Jena Ashis Kumar , Sahu Swagatika
Published: September 2023

Fluorescent N,S-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of Gandha Prasarini (GP) leaves. These N,S-CDs were applied for tartrazine sensing and showed antibacterial activity.
N- and S-codoped carbon quantum dots for enhancing fluorescence sensing of trace Hg2+
Authors: Wang Yujie , Xu Guoliang , Zhang Xinghe , Yang Xiaona , Hou Hongbo , Ai Wei , Zhao Liju
Published: September 2023

Graphitic N with meta-S in doped CQDs can obtain more electrons and preferable affinity towards Hg which facilitates more charge transferring from N to Hg, thus exhibiting the remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for fluorescence sensing of Hg2+.
Theoretical study of electrocatalytic properties of low-dimensional freestanding PbTiO3 for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Ouahrani Tarik , Boufatah Reda M. , Bendaoudi Loubna , Bedrane Zeyneb , Morales-García Ángel , Errandonea Daniel
Published: September 2023

Low-dimensional PbTiO3 material as an new efficient material for catalytic purposes.
Exploring adsorption behavior of sulfur and nitrogen compounds on transition metal-doped Cu(100) surfaces: insights from DFT and MD simulations
Authors: Benbella Achraf , Jabraoui Hicham , Matrane Imane , Mazroui M’hammed
Published: September 2023

We conducted an extensive investigation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the mechanisms of desulfurization and denitrogenation on Cu(100) surfaces.
Portable rotary PCR system for real-time detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in milk
Authors: Song Weidu , Zhang Chuanhao , Lin Huichao , Zhang Taiyi , Liu Haixia , Huang Xiaowen
Published: September 2023

A PCR solution is heated by hot air between two heating blocks.
Synthesis, gene transfection efficiency, and serum compatibility of β-sitosterol-based cationic lipids with different headgroups
Authors: Thongbamrer Chopaka , Yingyongnarongkul Boon-ek , Sakee Uthai , Nguitragool Wang , Radchatawedchakoon Widchaya
Published: September 2023

We found that β-sitosterol-based cationic lipid 1B with sperminium headgroup exhibited high transfection potential into HEK293 cell lines in the presence of serum up to 40%.
Energy-efficient and eco-friendly continuous production of 5-CMF in a UV-ultrasound irradiated catalytic packed bed reactor: heterogeneous kinetics, reactor simulation and LCA analysis
Authors: Barman Sourav , Chakraborty Rajat
Published: September 2023

An energy-efficient heterogeneous catalytic (Smopex-101 and TiO2) continuous flow packed bed reactor employing synergistic effects of UV-ultrasound (US) irradiations for the environmentally sustainable synthesis of high purity 5-CMF.
The water-dipping effect of branched poly(ethylene imine) interfacial layers on the performance and stability of polymer:nonfullerene solar cells
Authors: Son Hyunji , Lee Woongki , Lee Sooyong , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: September 2023

The water-dipping process can optimize the thickness of bPEI interlayers leading to improved power conversion efficiency and good shelf-lifetime in inverted-type polymer:nonfullerene solar cells.
Fuzzy variable gain robust control of active magnetic bearings rigid rotor system
Authors: Xu Yuhao , Wang Xiaoyuan , Liu Mingxin , Li Na , Yu Tian
Published: September 2023

A high speed rigid rotor system supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs) puts forward higher requirements on the performance of controllers. The fuzzy variable gain H‐infinity robust control (FVGRC) method is proposed to simplify controller design while suppressing system uncertainty. First, the T‐S fuzzy model of four‐degree‐of‐freedom (4‐DOF) AMBs was established based on the 4‐DOF AMBs rigid rotor equivalent coupling model optimised by the μ‐gap metric. Then, based on the fuzzy models of AMBs systems under different operating conditions, the relative optimal weight function value of H‐infinity robust controller was calculated when AMBs system was at value of the speed endpoint, and the fuzzy variable gain H‐infinity robust (FVGR) controller was designed on this basis. Finally, the simulation and experimental results showed that the FVGRC can simplify the model of controller and ensure the stable operation of AMBs rigid rotor system in the full speed range under high‐speed conditions.
J’attends un parent
Authors: Hattab Jocelyn
Published: September 2023

Si donner naissance est un choix, le petit d’homme ne peut survivre que si un ou plusieurs adultes assurent sa survie jusqu’à un certain âge selon des facteurs physiologiques et culturels. Ces adultes sont généralement ceux qui ont donné naissance à l’enfant; et leur fonction est d’exercer ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler la parentalité.

À partir de son expérience de consultant dans une institution où des enfants, déclarés adoptables par le tribunal ou recommandés par les services sociaux, attendaient une famille adoptive, l’auteur discute quelques questions soulevées par les situations où se confrontent le désir de parent(s) chez l’enfant et le droit à la parentalité revendiqué par l’adulte.

Après avoir commenté le champ de l’adoption, il évoque les situations très diverses rencontrées autour de formes particulières de parentalité : mères adolescentes, PMA, GPA, « nouvelles familles », mères âgées, co-parentalité.

Il pointe comment chacune de ces situations impose de garder l’intérêt de l’enfant, dès avant sa naissance et tout au long de son développement, au centre de nos réflexions et décisions.
Ten Steps for NPH Management: Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Hydrocephalus
Authors: Roman Alex , Takkar Prince , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: September 2023

Objectives The authors of the present study intend to describe a straightforward protocol for normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosis and management, with the employment of a multidisciplinary team approach effort.

Methods Using a strict methodological approach for initial diagnosis, taking into consideration occupational therapy and physical therapy assessment, the authors have set out to elaborate a simple protocol for suspicion and, once diagnosed, treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus. We have used the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and walking assessment that included speed, independence, and distance (SID), 10 m walk test, TUG (timed up and go) evaluation, 6-minute Walk Test, MiniBESTest, as the main factors for pre and post lumbar drainage assessment, after which, the alternatives were deliberated and followed, or not, by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.

Results The authors have described a protocol, consisting of ten easy steps, which involves a multidisciplinary team, including occupational therapy and physical therapy professionals, as well as neurologists and neurosurgeons for improved and objective assessment prior to insertion of lumbar drain and, thereafter, detecting the population at most benefit for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. We have described the Ten Step Approach for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus management, including from initial clinical presentation and imaging, to pre and post lumbar drainage, for lastly deciding upon necessity for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.

Conclusions A straightforward protocol for normal pressure hydrocephalus seems not only feasible, but simple to implement in most neurosurgical departments, with good accuracy of prediction of lumbar drainage assessment to shunting outcomes.
Verbally mediated data
Authors: Suzuki Wataru , Ishikawa Masako , Storch Neomy
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on written verbalizations (e.g.,
written languaging, valid written explanations, diaries, written
reflections) and discusses their possible roles as data collection
instruments for the study of writing processes. We first describe general
procedures for collecting written verbalizations and then critically analyze
(a) the type of research questions researchers can ask and answer by using
written verbalizations; (b) methodological challenges researchers face and
the possible solutions to circumvent those challenges; and (c) how L2
researchers can best elicit written verbalizations in L2 research. We
conclude by suggesting four practical tips to researchers who wish to use
written verbalizations as a data collection instrument in the study of
writing processes.
Using keystroke logging for studying L2 writing processes
Authors: Johansson Victoria , Wengelin Asa , Johansson Roger
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents an overview of keystroke logging.
The chapter includes a general rationale for why and when the method is
appropriate, how the technique works, and pros and cons with different
methodological combinations of keystroke logging. Further, the chapter
briefly outlines some previous L2 writing keystroke logging studies to
illustrate the type of questions that can be addressed by this data
collection technique. Finally, we discuss some methodological challenges and
suggest best practices for using the method.
Using eye tracking to study digital writing processes
Authors: Johansson Victoria , Johansson Roger , Wengelin Asa
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents an overview of eye tracking
combined with tools for capturing digital writing (foremost keystroke
logging). This includes a general rationale for why eye tracking is relevant
for research on writing processes, how the technique works, and pros and
cons of different eye trackers and methodological designs. The chapter
describes previous L1 and L2 writing studies which have used eye tracking to
illustrate the type of questions that can be addressed by this technique.
Finally, some methodological challenges are highlighted and best practices
are suggested. It is emphasized that information of writers’ visual
attention can enrich real-time writing studies, but that the researcher must
pose research questions and opt for designs bearing in mind the advantages
and limitations of the technique.
Exploring the generation, development, and integration of argumentative
goals in L1 and L2 composition processes
Authors: Roca de Larios Julio
Published: September 2023

The main purpose of this chapter is to critically
examine a number of methodological issues related to the analysis of L1 and
L2 writing processes from a genre-based perspective – a domain of inquiry
that has remained largely underdeveloped in the L2 writing research agenda.
I discuss the range of theoretical assumptions and empirical considerations
that led me to become involved in the research, describe the most relevant
methodological challenges faced when attempting to trace the generation,
elaboration, and integration of writers’ argumentative goals across
languages, and illustrate the decisions I made at these three stages. I
finally evaluate the significance of the analytical categories and
procedures previously discussed and suggest avenues for further
research.
Methodology and multimodality
Authors: Pacheco Mark B. , Smith Blaine E.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores methodological challenges in
understanding the relationships between processes, products, and
perspectives within digital multimodal composition. Using examples from a
research project concerning multilingual and multimodal composing in an
eighth-grade classroom in the United States, the authors describe specific
challenges – and possible avenues forward – in relation to screen-capture
software, student retrospective design interviews, and multimodal
timescapes. The chapter concludes with implications from these challenges
for research and instruction for emergent bilingual students.
Analysing L2 writers’ processing of written corrective feedback via
written languaging and think-aloud protocols
Authors: McBride Sophie , Manchón Rosa M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides a reflection on the methodological
decisions taken in a study that investigated the affordances of diverse data
collection procedures for inspecting depth of processing of written
corrective feedback, namely think-aloud protocols, written languaging, and a
combination of both. We will start by formulating the overall aims and the
specific questions guiding the study and by providing a synthetic account of
the rationale behind our aims and methods. In the main part of the chapter,
we will report (i) the main challenges and problems experienced when
analysing the data as well as the solutions adopted; and (ii) the kind of
data on feedback processing provided by the three data collection procedures
used in the study. We will close with methodological conclusions for future
studies intended to shed light on depth of processing of written
corrective feedback.
PLK4 self-phosphorylation drives the selection of a single site for procentriole assembly
Authors: Scott Phillip , Curinha Ana , Gliech Colin , Holland Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis, but how PLK4 selects a single site for procentriole assembly remains unclear. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that PLK4 localizes to discrete sites along the wall of parent centrioles. While there is variation in the number of sites PLK4 occupies on the parent centriole, most PLK4 localize at a dominant site that directs procentriole assembly. Inhibition of PLK4 activity leads to stable binding of PLK4 to the centriole and increases occupancy to a maximum of nine sites. We show that self-phosphorylation of an unstructured linker promotes the release of active PLK4 from the centriole to drive the selection of a single site for procentriole assembly. Preventing linker phosphorylation blocks PLK4 turnover, leading to supernumerary sites of PLK4 localization and centriole amplification. Therefore, self-phosphorylation is a major driver of the spatial patterning of PLK4 at the centriole and plays a critical role in selecting a single centriole duplication site.
Surgical navigation for guidewire placement from intraoperative fluoroscopy in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Mekki L , Sheth N M , Vijayan R C , Rohleder M , Sisniega A , Kleinszig G , Vogt S , Kunze H , Osgood G M , Siewerdsen J H , Uneri A
Published: September 2023

Objective. Surgical guidewires are commonly used in placing fixation implants to stabilize fractures. Accurate positioning of these instruments is challenged by difficulties in 3D reckoning from 2D fluoroscopy. This work aims to enhance the accuracy and reduce exposure times by providing 3D navigation for guidewire placement from as little as two fluoroscopic images. Approach. Our approach combines machine learning-based segmentation with the geometric model of the imager to determine the 3D poses of guidewires. Instrument tips are encoded as individual keypoints, and the segmentation masks are processed to estimate the trajectory. Correspondence between detections in multiple views is established using the pre-calibrated system geometry, and the corresponding features are backprojected to obtain the 3D pose. Guidewire 3D directions were computed using both an analytical and an optimization-based method. The complete approach was evaluated in cadaveric specimens with respect to potential confounding effects from the imaging geometry and radiographic scene clutter due to other instruments. Main results. The detection network identified the guidewire tips within 2.2 mm and guidewire directions within 1.1°, in 2D detector coordinates. Feature correspondence rejected false detections, particularly in images with other instruments, to achieve 83% precision and 90% recall. Estimating the 3D direction via numerical optimization showed added robustness to guidewires aligned with the gantry rotation plane. Guidewire tips and directions were localized in 3D world coordinates with a median accuracy of 1.8 mm and 2.7°, respectively. Significance. The paper reports a new method for automatic 2D detection and 3D localization of guidewires from pairs of fluoroscopic images. Localized guidewires can be virtually overlaid on the patient’s pre-operative 3D scan during the intervention. Accurate pose determination for multiple guidewires from two images offers to reduce radiation dose by minimizing the need for repeated imaging and provides quantitative feedback prior to implant placement.
EAMNet: an Alzheimer’s disease prediction model based on representation learning
Authors: Duan Haoliang , Wang Huabin , Chen Yonglin , Liu Fei , Tao Liang
Published: September 2023

Objective. Brain 18F-FDG PET images indicate brain lesions’ metabolic status and offer the predictive potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the complexity of extracting relevant lesion features and dealing with extraneous information in PET images poses challenges for accurate prediction. Approach. To address these issues, we propose an innovative solution called the efficient adaptive multiscale network (EAMNet) for predicting potential patient populations using positron emission tomography (PET) image slices, enabling effective intervention and treatment. Firstly, we introduce an efficient convolutional strategy to enhance the receptive field of PET images during the feature learning process, avoiding excessive extraction of fine tissue features by deep-level networks while reducing the model’s computational complexity. Secondly, we construct a channel attention module that enables the prediction model to adaptively allocate weights between different channels, compensating for the spatial noise in PET images’ impact on classification. Finally, we use skip connections to merge features from different-scale lesion information. Through visual analysis, the network constructed in this article aligns with the regions of interest of clinical doctors. Main results. Through visualization analysis, our network aligns with regions of interest identified by clinical doctors. Experimental evaluations conducted on the ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset demonstrate the outstanding classification performance of our proposed method. The accuracy rates for AD versus NC (Normal Controls), AD versus MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), MCI versus NC, and AD versus MCI versus NC classifications achieve 97.66%, 96.32%, 95.23%, and 95.68%, respectively. Significance. The proposed method surpasses advanced algorithms in the field, providing a hopeful advancement in accurately predicting and classifying Alzheimer’s Disease using 18F-FDG PET images. The source code has been uploaded to https://github.com/Haoliang-D-AHU/EAMNet/tree/master.
Significance of the negative binomial distribution in multiplicity phenomena
Authors: Tezlaf S V
Published: September 2023

The negative binomial distribution (NBD) has been theorized to express a scale-invariant property of many-body systems and has been consistently shown to outperform other statistical models in both describing the multiplicity of quantum-scale events in particle collision experiments and predicting the prevalence of cosmological observables, such as the number of galaxies in a region of space. Despite its widespread applicability and empirical success in these contexts, a theoretical justification for the NBD from first principles has remained elusive for fifty years. The accuracy of the NBD in modeling hadronic, leptonic, and semileptonic processes is suggestive of a highly general principle, which is yet to be understood. This study demonstrates that a statistical event of the NBD can in fact be derived in a general context via the dynamical equations of a canonical ensemble of particles in Minkowski space. These results describe a fundamental feature of many-body systems that is consistent with data from the ALICE and ATLAS experiments and provides an explanation for the emergence of the NBD in these multiplicity observations. Two methods are used to derive this correspondence: the Feynman path integral and a hypersurface parametrization of a propagating ensemble.
Numerical investigation of sonochemical production in a single bubble under dual-frequency acoustic excitation
Authors: Lv Liang , Liu Fei
Published: September 2023

A numerical computation study about sonochemical activity of an oxygen bubble oscillations in a dual-frequency acoustic field is presented in this paper. The variation of excitation frequency causes the change of magnitude and duration of pressure acting on the bubble, affecting the instantaneous bubble radius, internal bubble temperature as well as chemical reactions. The numerical results indicate the formation of O2, HO2
•, •OH, H•, O, H2 and H2O2 in an O2 bubble during oscillations. The main oxidant is •OH radical. The influence of several parameters (e.g. couples of frequencies, the total pressure amplitude and the ratio of pressure amplitudes of the two waves) on the molar yields of free radicals is analyzed. There is an optimum bubble collapse temperature (around 5648 K) for the •OH production. Moreover, the corresponding frequency intervals of enhanced effect and weakened effect under different coupled frequencies (i.e. 40, 140, 213, 355 and 515 kHz) are also investigated.