bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intervention for Mental Health Literacy and Resilience in Organized Sports
Authors: VELLA STEWART A. , SWANN CHRISTIAN , BATTERHAM MARIJKA , BOYDELL KATHERINE M. , ECKERMANN SIMON , FERGUSON HELEN , FOGARTY ANDREA , HURLEY DIARMUID , LIDDLE SARAH K. , LONSDALE CHRIS , MILLER ANDREW , NOETEL MICHAEL , OKELY ANTHONY D. , SANDERS TAREN , SCHWEICKLE MATTHEW J. , TELENTA JOANNE , DEANE FRANK P.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a multicomponent sports-based program aimed at promoting early intervention, help seeking, and resilience among a sample of adolescent male sport participants.

Methods

The Ahead of the Game program comprised four intervention components and a messaging campaign. Two components targeted mental health literacy, intentions to seek and provide help, and resilience among adolescent boys. A mental health literacy program for parents and a coach education program to assist in the support of athletes’ psychological needs were also included. We evaluated the program using a nonrandomized controlled trial matching two regional communities. In total, 350 sport participants (mean, 14.53 yr) were included in an intervention group, whereas 466 (mean, 14.66 yr) received usual practice in a matched control community. One hundred and eighty parents or caregivers and eight coaches also participated in the intervention components. Between-group mean differences on the primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models, adjusted for clustering at club level, participant age, and socioeconomic status.

Results

Significant positive group–time interactions were found for the primary outcomes of depression and anxiety literacy, intentions to seek help from formal sources, confidence to seek mental health information, and resilience. We also found a significant positive group–time interaction for the secondary outcome of well-being. There were no group–time interactions for social distance (stigma), intentions to seek help from informal sources, implicit beliefs about adversity, perceived familial support, or psychological distress.

Conclusions

Given the high rates of sport participation worldwide and the increasing focus on mental health in this domain, translation and dissemination of the program may be warranted after replication.
High-Intensity Shoulder Abduction Exercise in Subacromial Pain Syndrome
Authors: BERG OLE KRISTIAN , PAULSBERG FREDRIK , BRABANT CLARA , ARABSOLGHAR KEYVAN , RONGLAN SIGRID , BJØRNSEN NINA , TØRHAUG TOM , GRANVIKEN FREDRIK , GISMERVIK SIGMUND , HOFF JAN
Published: June 2020

Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) defined as pain of nontraumatic origin localized around the acromion, is a debilitating, common, and often chronic condition. Among many proposed underlying causes of SAPS, hypoperfusion and hypoxic conditions in and around the tendons may be an intrinsic cause of SAPS.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine if adding high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) of the rotator cuff to usual care was feasible in SAPS and improved shoulder endurance more than usual care alone, as well as to examine the influence on shoulder pain and disability and the response of tendinous microcirculation after HIIT.

Methods

Twenty-one subjects with chronic SAPS were randomized to two groups: experimental group (EG; n = 13) receiving HIIT in addition to treatment as usual and control group (CG; n = 8) receiving treatment as usual. Before and after 8 wk of exercise therapy, endurance performance was assessed by an incremental abduction exercise of the arm to exhaustion (TTE). Pain and disability was assessed by the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the musculus supraspinatus and tendon was utilized to indicate tendon blood flow.

RESULTS

Endurance in the TTE test improved by an estimated 233 s more on average in EG than in CG (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 102 to 363). The SPADI score was reduced 22 points more on average in EG (P = 0.017; 95% confidence interval, −40 to −5). The change from pretest to posttest was significant in EG for both TTE test and SPADI improvement (P < 0.001). EG also experienced less pain during exercise after the intervention compared with CG (P < 0.001). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicated an increase in tendinous blood flow in EG (P = 0.019).

Conclusions

HIIT rotator cuff exercise seems to be a feasible intervention in SAPS, increasing endurance performance more than usual care alone.
Studies with recombinant U7 snRNP demonstrate that CPSF73 is both an endonuclease and a 5′–3′ exonuclease
Authors: Yang Xiao-cui , Sun Yadong , Aik Wei Shen , Marzluff William F. , Tong Liang , Dominski Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

Metazoan replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs are cleaved at the 3′ end by U7 snRNP, an RNA-guided endonuclease that contains U7 snRNA, seven proteins of the Sm ring, FLASH, and four polyadenylation factors: symplekin, CPSF73, CPSF100, and CstF64. A fully recombinant U7 snRNP was recently reconstituted from all 13 components for functional and structural studies and shown to accurately cleave histone pre-mRNAs. Here, we analyzed the activity of recombinant U7 snRNP in more detail. We demonstrate that in addition to cleaving histone pre-mRNAs endonucleolytically, reconstituted U7 snRNP acts as a 5′–3′ exonuclease that degrades the downstream product generated from histone pre-mRNAs as a result of the endonucleolytic cleavage. Surprisingly, recombinant U7 snRNP also acts as an endonuclease on single-stranded DNA substrates. All these activities depend on the ability of U7 snRNA to base-pair with the substrate and on the presence of the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of symplekin in either cis or trans, and are abolished by mutations within the catalytic center of CPSF73, or by binding of the NTD to the SSU72 phosphatase of RNA polymerase II. Altogether, our results demonstrate that recombinant U7 snRNP functionally mimics its endogenous counterpart and provide evidence that CPSF73 is both an endonuclease and a 5′–3′ exonuclease, consistent with the activity of other members of the β-CASP family. Our results also raise the intriguing possibility that CPSF73 may be involved in some aspects of DNA metabolism in vivo.
Inactivation of fission yeast Erh1 de-represses pho1 expression: evidence that Erh1 is a negative regulator of prt lncRNA termination
Authors: Schwer Beate , Sanchez Ana M. , Shuman Stewart
Published: June 2020

Fission yeast Erh1 exists in a complex with RNA-binding protein Mmi1. Deletion of erh1 up-regulates the phosphate homeostasis gene pho1, which is normally repressed by transcription in cis of a 5′ flanking prt lncRNA. Here we present evidence that de-repression of pho1 by erh1Δ is achieved through precocious 3′-processing/termination of prt lncRNA synthesis, to wit: (i) erh1Δ does not affect the activity of the prt or pho1 promoters per se; (ii) de-repression by erh1Δ depends on CPF (cleavage and polyadenylation factor) subunits Ctf1, Dis2, Ssu72, Swd22, and Ppn1 and on termination factor Rhn1; (iii) de-repression requires synthesis by the Asp1 IPP kinase of inositol 1-pyrophosphates (1-IPPs); (iv) de-repression is effaced by mutating Thr4 of the RNA polymerase II CTD to alanine; and (v) erh1Δ exerts an additive effect on pho1 de-repression in combination with mutating CTD Ser7 to alanine and with deletion of the IPP pyrophosphatase Aps1. These findings point to Erh1 as an antagonist of lncRNA termination in the prt–pho1 axis. In contrast, in mmi1Δ cells there is a reduction in pho1 mRNA and increase in the formation of a prt–pho1 read-through transcript, consistent with Mmi1 being an agonist of prt termination. We envision that Erh1 acts as a brake on Mmi1's ability to promote CPF-dependent termination during prt lncRNA synthesis. Consistent with this idea, erh1Δ de-repression of pho1 was eliminated by mutating the Mmi1-binding sites in the prt lncRNA.
Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Andejani Abdulelah , Alamri Osamah , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Al-Hamdan Rana S , Almohareb Thamer , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: June 2020

Objective: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) is increasing rapidly. However, its discoloring effect on dental restorations is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ENDS aerosol when compared to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) on the color stability of dental ceramic (DC) and resin composite (RC).

Methods: This research project was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. In this study 30 discs each for DC and RC materials were fabricated to be equally divided into groups of exposure to CS, ENDS aerosol and storage in distilled water (No smoke; NS) respectively (n=10). Specimens were exposed for a total of 7 days, with a rate of 10 cycles per day, each cycle represented 10 puffs. The color change was assessed using the CIELAB color space, by calculating ΔE. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test.

Results: Ceramic specimens in CS (2.422 ± 0.771) and ENDS (2.396 ± 0.396) groups showed comparable ΔE (color change) (p=0.992). Similarly, composite specimens in CS (42.871 ± 2.442) and ENDS (46.866 ± 3.64) groups showed comparable ΔE (p>0.05). NS specimens in both composite and ceramic samples showed lower ΔE than CS and ENDS specimens respectively.

Conclusions: Aerosol from Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) showed similar discoloration levels as cigarette smoking (CS). The level of discoloration for ceramic samples for both ENDS and CS was below clinically perceptible levels (Mean ΔE < 2.5). Discoloration of composite resin due to CS and ENDS was visually perceptible (Mean ΔE > 4.0).

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303

How to cite this:Vohra F, Andejani AF, Alamri O, Alshehri A, Al-Hamdan RS, Almohareb T, et al. Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):993-998.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Xue Shao-wei , Luo Yu-kun , Zhao Yu-rong , Jiao Zi-yu
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the differential diagnosis of gouty arthritis (GA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to analyze the ultrasound imaging features of the two diseases.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out. A total of 66 patients who had been admitted to The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled. Among them, 34 patients were diagnosed with RA and were included in the RA group; 32 patients were diagnosed with gouty arthritis and were included in the GA group. The imaging features of musculoskeletal ultrasound were compared between the two groups of patients.

Results: A total of 34 patients were included in the RA group, including 17 males and 17 females. A total of 32 patients were included in the GA group, including 14 males and 18 females. There were no significant differences in gender composition, age, and duration of disease between the two groups (P>0.05). In the RA group, there were joint bone erosions with a clear boundary in seven cases and with a blurred boundary in 27 cases; synovial hyperplasia was observed in 27 cases, and point-like hyperechoic masses were observed in four cases. In the GA group, there were joint bone erosions with a clear boundary in 27 cases and with a blurred boundary in five cases; synovial hyperplasia was observed in four cases, tophus was observed in 23 cases, point-like hyperechoic masses were observed in 27 cases, and the tram-track sign was observed in 23 cases. The differences in bone erosion boundaries (c2=26.854, P<0.01), synovial hyperplasia (c2=29.631, P<0.01), tophus (P<0.01), point-like hyperechoic mass (c2=33.095, P<0.01), and tram-track sign (P<0.01) were statistically significant between the two groups of patients. In the RA group, blood flow signaling was Grade 0 in one case, Grade-I in five cases, Grade-II in 14 cases, and Grade-III in 14 cases. In the GA group, blood flow signaling was Grade 0 in 26 cases, Grade-I in three cases, Grade-II in three cases, and Grade-III in zero cases. The difference in the synovial blood flow signaling between the two groups of patients was statistically significant (c2=34.323, P<0.01).

Conclusions: MSUS has certain diagnostic value in the differentiation of GA and RA. Moreover, the two conditions have their own ultrasound imaging features.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2716

How to cite this:Xue SW, Luo YK, Zhao YR, Jiao ZY. Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):977-981. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2716

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Infestação de Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) em Cultivares de Feijoeiro, na Época da Seca, em Selvíria-MS, e os Efeitos na Produtividade
Authors: Sardinha de Souza Bruno Henrique , Gabriel de Oliveira Jefferson Anthony , De Oliveira Pereira Tatiane , Ribeiro Campos Alcebíades , Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal
Published: June 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o

efeito de cultivares de feijoeiro sobre a infestação de Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood), durante a época da seca, bem como os

reflexos na produtividade. O ensaio foi conduzido na Fazenda de Pesquisa,

Ensino e Extensão da FEIS/UNESP, no município de Selvíria, MS. As cultivares de

feijoeiro utilizadas foram: IAC Aeté, IAC Tunã, IAC Tybatã, IAC Votuporganga,

IAC Apuã e Pérola. A semeadura foi realizada em 18/04/07, em delineamento em

blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas nove amostragens,

semanalmente, com início aos 12 dias após a emergência (DAE) onde foram

coletados, ao acaso, 10 folíolos da parte mediana das plantas por parcela, e em

laboratório foram quantificados o número de ninfas de cigarrinha e tripes. Não

houve diferença da infestação de E.

kraemeri e C. phaseoli entre as

cultivares em qualquer amostragem realizada nos diferentes DAE. Todas as

cultivares de feijoeiro avaliadas são suscetíveis ao ataque de E. kraemeri e C. phaseoli. A cigarrinha ocorre em maiores densidades

populacionais após os 40 DAE, enquanto a infestação de tripes está restrita da

emergência até os 40 DAE. A cultivar Pérola apresenta os maiores pesos de

vagens, sementes e de 100 sementes, e IAC Tunã é a mais produtiva.
Novos insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) atacando Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: De Menezes Claubert Wagner Guimarães , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , De Assis Júnior Sebastião Lourenço , Fonseca Arley José , Pires Evaldo Martins , Dos Santos José Barbosa
Published: June 2020

A migração de pragas de plantas nativas para a eucaliptocultura pode causar perdas significativas em sua produção. Foi relatada a ocorrência das cigarrinhas Aethalion reticulatum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) e Membracis lunata Fabricius (Hemiptera: Membracidae) em Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) no município de Couto de Magalhães de Minas, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram observadas em plantas de eucalipto em fase vegetativa no campo. A ocorrência desses insetos atacando o eucalipto indica sua migração de plantas frutíferas para o novo hospedeiro, não sendo recomendável a instalação de florestas de eucalipto próximas a áreas com fruticultura.

New sucking insects (Hemiptera) attacking Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract. The migration of pests of plants native to eucalyptus can cause significant losses in production. Been reported to occur of the leafhopper Aethalion reticulatum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) and Membracis lunata Fabricius (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) in the municipality of Couto de Magalhães de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were observed in eucalyptus plants in the vegetative stage in the field. The occurrence of these insects attacking eucalyptus indicates their migration from fruit trees to the new host and is not recommended to install eucalyptus forests near areas with fruit trees.
Adaptive Matching for Expert Systems with Uncertain Task Types
Authors: Shah Virag , Gulikers Lennart , Massoulié Laurent , Vojnović Milan
Published: June 2020

Adaptive Matching Under Uncertainties.
Mental health and COVID-19: Advice for teachers
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky
Published: June 2020

Our young people's mental health is on the line during the coronavirus lockdown. Dr Pooky Knightsmith discusses four things pupils need to feel right now—and some simple ideas that can be passed on to teachers for making that happen
COVID-19: School nursing services and continuity of care
Authors: White Sharon
Published: June 2020

As a result of the pandemic and the ensuing measures, including school closures and staff redeployment, school nurses have had to quickly respond and adapt their services to ensure that they could provide continuity of care. Sharon White explains
Trauma informed education for specialist practice
Authors: Littler Nadine
Published: June 2020

Trauma experienced in childhood and adolescence can have a lifelong impact upon an individual's physical and mental health. Therefore, the integration of trauma-informed education, within SCPHN training programmes was considered, in order to ensure school nurses, have the essential knowledge and skills, required to effectively deliver trauma-informed care within their role in practice. This involved utilising a combination of theoretical frameworks such as life-course epidemiology, psychosocial epidemiology and trauma-informed principles in conjunction with a variety of pedagogies such as social constructivism, experiential learning and a strengths-based approach.
Leonardo spaceborne infrared payloads for Earth observation: SLSTRs for Copernicus Sentinel 3 and PRISMA hyperspectral camera for PRISMA satellite
Authors: Coppo Peter , Brandani Fabio , Faraci Marco , Sarti Francesco , Dami Michele , Chiarantini Leandro , Ponticelli Beatrice , Giunti Lorenzo , Fossati Enrico , Cosi Massimo
Published: June 2020

Leonardo has been involved in the realization of several infrared payloads for Earth observation since 1990. Among the currently in-orbit operative instruments are the two Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometers (SLSTRs) and PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa, meaning Hyperspectral Italian Pre-cursor of Operational mission). The SLSTRs are high-accuracy radiometers that provide sea surface temperature data continuity with respect to previous (A)ATSRs in order to serve climatology over the next 20 years, and exist within the framework of the European Space Agency Sentinel-3 mission, which is part of the Copernicus program. The PRISMA program is the first Agenzia Spaziale Italiana optical hyperspectral mission for Earth observation. It is based on a high spectral resolution spectrometer operating in the visible-short wave infrared channels optically integrated with a panchromatic camera.
X-ray phase-sensitive imaging using a bilens interferometer based on refractive optics
Authors: Zverev D. , Snigireva I. , Kohn V. , Kuznetsov S. , Yunkin V. , Snigirev A.
Published: June 2020

The phase-sensitive X-ray imaging technique based on the bilens interferometer is developed. The essence of the method consists of scanning a sample, which is set upstream of the bilens across the beam of one lens of the interferometer by recording changes in the interference pattern using a high-resolution image detector. The proposed approach allows acquiring the absolute value of a phase shift profile of the sample with a fairly high phase and spatial resolution. The possibilities of the imaging technique were studied theoretically and experimentally using fibres with different sizes as the test samples at the ESRF ID06 beamline with 12 keV X-rays. The corresponding phase shift profile reconstructions and computer simulations were performed. The experimental results are fully consistent with theoretical concepts and appropriate numerical calculations. Applications of the interferometric imaging technique are discussed, as well as future improvements.
High performance quantum cascade laser frequency combs at λ ∼ 6 μm based on plasmon-enhanced dispersion compensation
Authors: Hakobyan Sargis , Maulini Richard , Blaser Stéphane , Gresch Tobias , Muller Antoine
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate quantum cascade laser (QCL) optical frequency combs emitting at λ ∼ 6 μm. A 5.5 μm-wide, 4.5 mm-long laser exhibits comb operation from −20 °C up to 50 °C. A maximum output power of 300 mW is achieved at 50 °C showing a robustness of the system. The laser output spectrum is ∼80 cm−1 wide at the maximum current, with a mode spacing of 0.334 cm−1, resulting in a total of 240 modes with an average power of 0.8 mW per mode. To achieve frequency comb operation, a plasmonic-waveguide approach is utilized. A thin, highly-doped indium phosphide (InP) layer is inserted in the top cladding design to compensate the positive dispersion of the system (material and waveguide). This approach can be further exploited to design QCL combs at even shorter wavelengths, down to 4 μm. Different ridge widths between 2.8 and 5.5 μm have been fabricated and characterized. All of the devices exhibit frequency comb operation. These observations demonstrate that the plasmonic-waveguide is a robust and reliable method for dispersion compensation of a semiconductor laser systems to achieve frequency comb operation.
ProDebNet: projector deblurring using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Kageyama Yuta , Isogawa Mariko , Iwai Daisuke , Sato Kosuke
Published: June 2020

Projection blur can occur in practical use cases that have non-planar and/or multi-projection display surfaces with various scattering characteristics because the surface often causes defocus and subsurface scattering. To address this issue, we propose ProDebNet, an end-to-end real-time projection deblurring network that synthesizes a projection image to minimize projection blur. The proposed method generates a projection image without explicitly estimating any geometry or scattering characteristics of the projection screen, which makes real-time processing possible. In addition, ProDebNet does not require real captured images for training data; we design a “pseudo-projected” synthetic dataset that is well-generalized to real-world blur data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ProDebNet compensates for two dominant types of projection blur, i.e., defocus blur and subsurface blur, significantly faster than the baseline method, even in a real-projection scene.
Resonant opto-mechanical modulators and switches by femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: Spagnolo Michele , Motta Riccardo , Memeo Roberto , Pellegatta Francesco , Crespi Andrea , Osellame Roberto
Published: June 2020

In this work we demonstrate novel integrated-optics modulators and switches, realized in a glass substrate by femtosecond laser pulses. These devices are based on oscillating microcantilevers, machined by water-assisted laser ablation. Single-mode optical waveguides are laser-inscribed inside the cantilever beam and continue in the substrate beyond the cantilever’s tip. By exciting the resonant oscillation of the mechanical structure, coupling between the waveguide segments is varied in time. Operation frequencies are in the range of tens of kilohertz, thus they markedly overcome the response-time limitation of other glass-based modulators, which rely on the thermo-optic effect. These components may be integrated in more complex waveguide circuits or optofluidic lab-on-chips, to provide periodic and high-frequency modulation of the optical signals.
Cascade recurrent neural network-assisted nonlinear equalization for a 100  Gb/s PAM4 short-reach direct detection system
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Sun Chuanbowen , Ji Tonghui , Manton Jonathan H. , Shieh William
Published: June 2020

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, cascade recurrent neural network (RNN)-based nonlinear equalizer for a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)4 short-reach direct detection system. A 100 Gb/s PAM4 link is experimentally demonstrated over 15 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), using a 16 GHz directly modulated laser (DML) in C-band. The link suffers from strong nonlinear impairments which is mainly induced by the mixture of linear channel effects with square-law detection, the DML frequency chirp, and the device nonlinearity. Experimental results show that the proposed cascade RNN-based equalizer outperforms other feedforward or non-cascade neural network (NN)-based equalizers owing to both its cascade and recurrent structure, showing the great potential to effectively tackle the nonlinear signal distortion. With the aid of a cascade RNN-based equalizer, a bit-error rate (BER) lower than the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (FEC) threshold can be achieved when the receiver power is larger than 5 dBm. Compared with traditional non-cascade NN-based equalizers, the training time could also be reduced by half with the help of the cascade structure.
Optical bottle microresonators with axially uniform eigenmode field distribution
Authors: Sumetsky M.
Published: June 2020

We show that the fundamental eigenmode of a shallow optical bottle microresonator (also called a SNAP microresonator) can be made exceptionally uniform along its axial length. The introduced microresonator has effective radius variation resembling the contour of a bat with ears and wings. Remarkably, reduction of the axial size of this microresonator achieved by cutting the wings does not alter the uniformity of its fundamental eigenmode. Being of general interest, our findings pave a way for improving the perceptibility of micro/nanoparticle sensing. These results also suggest a bottle microresonator suitable for accurate assembling of quantum emitters near the maximum of its eigenmode to be important in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Two-dimensional encoder with independent in-plane and out-of-plane detection for nanometric measurement
Authors: Wu Ping , Yang Zhiyong , Wang Xianying , Zhang Zhigang
Published: June 2020

We propose and demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, optical encoder, which can measure in-plane and out-of-plane displacements simultaneously and independently. The symmetrical structure of the optical path can eliminate the impact from out-of-plane displacement on the measurement of in-plane displacement. The innovative new geometry also facilitates the multi-reflected diffracted beam to interfere with the same-order diffracted beam, so as to eliminate the impact from in-plane displacement on the measurement of out-of-plane displacement. An experimental setup is established to verify the two-dimensional independent measurement. The experiment result coincides with the one measured by two independent interferometers. The output of spectrum analysis shows that the two-dimensional independent encoder can be used for nanometric measurement.
Assessing the economic value of New Zealand design
Authors: Brown Anna , Mark Simon , Petty Margaret Maile
Published: June 2020

This article examines the challenges and complexities of assessing the value of design in contemporary economies, looking at New Zealand as a case study. Analysing the findings and recommendations of the first assessment of the economic value of design in New Zealand, published in 2017, this article seeks to bring greater clarity and understanding of the role of government and industry in a national design policy and ecosystem. Examining the performance and characteristics of New Zealand’s design ecosystem and the unique characteristics of its design in the context of other countries with well-established design policies, this article argues that the adoption of a nationally coordinated approach to design education and innovation provides widespread benefits. Through the analysis of the 2017 assessment, this article offers insights into viable methodologies for the scholarly study of the value of design. The study concludes by critiquing government investment in design, emphasizing the importance of design to innovation and the performance of companies.
What happens when the design process meets community engagement?
Authors: Davis Dylan
Published: June 2020

Community-engaged design is often framed as a binary opposite to commercial design. Whereas commercial design is usually characterized as a market-led paradigm focused on profits, community-engaged design is seen as a socially useful design paradigm that is concerned with addressing societal needs. This study uses qualitative data from four design project case studies to explore whether this understanding is in fact consistent with current design practices within commercial design studios. The findings of this study demonstrate that both commercial and community-engaged design practices are more similar than different. In addition, it is also suggested that it is not only the clients’ instructions and the commissions that determine the designers’ processes and practices, but the design studios’ intent, practice and values. This study has a number of practical implications for designers and design studios in how they address commercial and community-engaged design work.
Emerging design: Integrating learning, practice and research
Authors: Aryana Bijan
Published: June 2020

Emerging design is an approach to solving multidimensional and multidisciplinary problems. It describes design as an evolutionary activity with no projected steps, in which plans for taking steps and using tools gradually emerge from participants’ reflections. This study explores emerging design through a three-year activity that initially had a pedagogical nature but gradually turned into a practical and research-based activity in which design students along with small businesses and start-ups came up with a problem-based approach for defining and solving real-world problems. The three cycles of activity were studied with a reflective lens and various sources of data were used. The Engeström framework for activity theory was used to reduce and display data in qualitative data analysis. Through the three cycles of activity, few design proposals were implemented by the involved small businesses and start-ups. In addition, most businesses benefited from the research findings produced during the students’ projects. Some unexpected outcomes were also observed, including emergence of a collaborative network of experts and clients. The results suggest that first, the quality of collaboration among the participants was more important than instruments and rules for achieving the main objectives of the activity. Second, a reflective approach to design practice can continuously improve the design processes and tools used in each cycle of the activity, and third, design practice does not only produce design solutions, it also creates collaborations, reflections and networks.
Ethnography and the empathic imperative: Negotiating histories in the Sydney Brundibár Project
Authors: Toltz Joseph
Published: June 2020

The children’s opera Brundibár received fame through performances by Jewish children in the Theresienstadt ghetto from 1943 to 1944. Since its revival in the 1970s, the work has been performed around the world in multiple languages and has been transformed into a best-selling book by Tony Kushner and Maurice Sendak. Used as a tool for Holocaust education, many modern productions emphasize a narrative of cultural resistance as a way of reading the work, transforming Brundibár’s Brechtian agitprop plot of collective action profoundly. In the Sydney production of 2014, a decision was made to stay faithful to the original motives of the composer and librettist, and the production was shaped by ethnographic testimony of those who had witnessed the original performances. This article examines how the historical narrative interacts with the ethnographic and personal encounters in the interpretation and realization of this work. Burdened by a responsibility to historical context, how does ethnography assist in bringing nuance and multi-vocality? In what way does an empathic imperative inform these processes?
Experimental recreation practices: Restaging Constança Capdeville’s musical theatre work Don’t, Juan
Authors: Marinho Helena , Chambel Mónica , Benetti Alfonso , Bittencourt Luís
Published: June 2020

The recreation or re-enactment of twentieth-century avant-garde musical theatre works involves a set of epistemological and methodological issues that can be addressed through practice-based procedures informed by archaeological, ethnographic and experimental perspectives. This article presents a discussion about the relevance of integrating these perspectives, departing from their application in a specific case study, the recreation of Don’t, Juan (1985), an experimental musical theatre work by the Portuguese composer, pianist and percussionist Constança Capdeville (1937–92). This research proposes the blending of archaeology with the living experience of performance as an approach to a reconstruction project, with methods such as performative ethnography, experimental practice and embodied knowledge through performance operating as effective tools.
José Saramago. 20 anos com o Prémio Nobel
Authors: Reis Carlos
Published: June 2020

O Congresso Internacional “José Saramago: 20 Anos do Prémio Nobel” foi uma oportunidade privilegiada para se pensar e debater a obra de um grande escritor. Durante os três dias em que teve lugar, o congresso permitiu atualizar conhecimentos e abrir caminhos de reflexão sobre praticamente todos os aspetos da vasta e multifacetada obra do escritor: os seus romances e os grandes temas que neles estão representados, as personagens e os seus modos de existência, a poesia e o teatro, a cronística e as adaptações da ficção a outras artes foram objeto de cerca de cinco dezenas de comunicações, da autoria de participantes oriundos de vários países, com destaque para Portugal e o Brasil.
Kinder. Medien. Kontrolle.
Authors: Kulcke Gesine
Published: June 2020

Der Umgang mit Medien in der Grundschule will gelernt sein. Doch Vorstellungen, die angehende Lehrer*innen von Kindheit, Lernen und Lehrer*in-Sein haben, scheinen sie davon abzuhalten, sich damit auseinanderzusetzen, wie sie den Umgang mit Medien zukünftig gestalten können. Das zeigt Gesine Kulckes Analyse von Gruppendiskussionen mit Student*innen. Jene fügen sich in eine durch soziale Erwartungen strukturierte Ordnung ein und präsentieren die Haltung, dass sich Kinder zwar selbst entfalten sollen, dies aber im Sinne eines ihnen Bedürfnisse zuschreibenden Entwicklungsmodells. Damit werden Deutungsangebote entlarvt, die sich in pädagogischen und bildungspolitischen Diskursen aufdrängen und eine Abwehr vom Lernen mit, durch und über Medien ermöglichen und legitimieren.
Sansibarzone
Authors: Storch Anne , Warnke Ingo H.
Published: June 2020

In den ruinierten Landschaften einer von Kolonisierung geprägten Welt erscheint Sprache als Vehikel ökonomischer Aneignung und flüchtiger Begegnungen. Anne Storch und Ingo H. Warnke legen mit ihrem wissenschaftlichen Essay ein Tagebuch, eine Feldstudiendokumentation und einen Dialog über ihre Reise von Sylt über Kairo nach Sansibar vor - und hinterfragen dabei den linguistischen Blick ihrer Erfahrungen. Dabei gerät ihr Schreiben ins Stocken und sucht Wege zum Sprechen in der neokolonialen Welt. In Verbindung mit einer kritischen Sichtung postkolonialer Arbeiten zielt das Buch auf die Austreibung aus den Grenzen der Sprachlosigkeit.
Weimar Controversies
Authors: Fisher Peter S.
Published: June 2020

In the Weimar Republic, popular culture was the scene of heated controversies that tested the limits of national cohesion. How could marginal figures like a stigmatized villager, a grub street writer, or an advocate for nudism become flashpoints of political conflict? Peter S. Fisher draws on Siegfried Kracauer's trenchant observations on Weimar's contradictions to knit these exemplary stories together. Following his methodology, society's underdogs take center stage, pushing the headline makers into the background.
Elternwerden zwischen »Babyfernsehen« und medizinischer Überwachung
Authors: Sänger Eva
Published: June 2020

Warum sind Ultraschalluntersuchungen bei Schwangeren so beliebt? Welche Konsequenzen hat es, wenn bereits vorgeburtlich Informationen über das Geschlecht und den körperlichen Zustand des Ungeborenen vorliegen? Eva Sänger rekonstruiert auf der Basis von Interviews und ethnografischen Beobachtungen wie diese bildgebende Technologie das vorgeburtliche Elternwerden mitgestaltet. Ihre praxis- und subjektivierungsanalytische Studie fasst medizinische Ultraschalluntersuchungen dabei als kulturelle Praxis auf und zeigt: Es ist gesellschaftlich problematisch, wenn Ultraschalluntersuchungen vor dem Hintergrund der pränataldiagnostischen Suche nach auffälligen fötalen Entwicklungen zum Familienereignis umfunktioniert werden.
Soziologie ohne Mensch?
Authors: Alvear Moreno Rafael
Published: June 2020

Die Entstehung der Soziologie lässt sich durch die berühmte Forderung Émile Durkheims zusammenfassen: Soziales nur durch Soziales erklären. Ihre Geschichte ist also mit dem Versprechen verknüpft, die soziale Wirklichkeit unter Ausschluss alles Nicht-Sozialen zu erforschen - womit die Perspektive auf den Menschen verdrängt wird. Doch kann der Mensch aus der Soziologie überhaupt verdrängt werden? Rafael Alvear Moreno reflektiert diese Frage im Hinblick auf die Beschreibung der Motive und Konsequenzen des genannten Versprechens anhand der Großtheorien von Jürgen Habermas und Niklas Luhmann. Seine Untersuchung wird dabei von der dialektischen Figur durchkreuzt, dass es keine Verdrängung ohne Einbeziehung gibt - was unmittelbar in eine soziologische Anthropologie führt.
Als Andere unter Anderen
Authors: Helfritzsch Paul
Published: June 2020

Wer oder was sind wir? Diese Frage wurde schon oft gestellt und fordert eine klare Antwort, die auf eine Identität abzielt - sei es eine personelle oder eine gesellschaftliche. Doch die Frage selbst ist falsch gestellt: Nicht das »wer« oder »was« sollte im Vordergrund stehen, sondern die Art und Weise, also die Frage »Wie verhalten wir uns zueinander?«. Paul Helfritzsch untersucht daher, wie das unterschiedliche Verhalten miteinander, gegeneinander und besonders füreinander nicht als Problem, sondern als Ursprung jeder möglichen Solidarität gesehen werden kann. Wir sind zugleich nicht ganz wir selbst und nicht ganz fremd, wir sind Andere unter Anderen.
Glück und Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Dallmer Jochen
Published: June 2020

Wie lassen sich Glück und Nachhaltigkeit verbinden? Um die gegenwärtige ressourcenintensive Lebensweise zu überwinden, braucht es neue Leitbilder von subjektivem Wohlbefinden, die das gute Leben jenseits von Produktion und Konsum verorten. Die bisherige Debatte um Suffizienz und Postwachstum ist dabei vor allem von asketischen Idealen geprägt, welche für die Mehrzahl der Menschen nicht attraktiv erscheinen. Als eine vielversprechende Variante entwickelt Jochen Dallmer das Modell eines aufgeklärten Hedonismus, welcher das Streben nach subjektivem Wohlbefinden zu einem Beitrag für Nachhaltigkeit werden lässt.
»Moderne Kunst« in Taiwan
Authors: Bauer-Zhao Lisa
Published: June 2020

Was ist »moderne Kunst«? Aus der Perspektive des taiwanischen Kunstdiskurses gestellt, macht diese Frage Diskrepanzen in der Erzählung der Kunstgeschichte der Moderne sichtbar, die von Europa aus weitestgehend unbeachtet bleiben. Anhand von taiwanischen kunstkritischen Texten seit den 1950er Jahren - die hier das erste Mal in deutscher Übersetzung vorgelegt werden - analysiert Lisa Bauer-Zhao das Verständnis von moderner Kunst, dessen Veränderung sowie die zugehörige Begriffsgeschichte in Taiwan. Im Kontext der Globalisierung der Kunstwelt beleuchtet sie die aufscheinenden Problemfelder und eröffnet eine globale Perspektive auf die Diskussion um moderne Kunst.
Soziale Bürgerrechte im Museum
Authors: Jäger Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Demokratie wird in kulturhistorischen Museen vornehmlich als politische Demokratie repräsentiert. Ihre sozialen Voraussetzungen und die Bedeutung der sozialen Demokratie für die Regulierung der Arbeitswelt und des Verteilungskonfliktes werden meist unterschlagen. Soziale Rechte sind jedoch Voraussetzung und Bedingung für politische Rechte, die Staatsbürger*innen erst in den Stand setzen, ihre Interessen individuell und kollektiv zu vertreten. Wolfgang Jäger analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund Dauerausstellungen großer Museen und zeigt dabei gelungene Ansätze, aber auch die Defizite bei der Repräsentation sozialer Demokratie auf. Sein Credo: Demokratiegeschichte im Museum ist ohne soziale Demokratie nur die halbe Geschichte.
Nachhaltige Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Blühdorn Ingolfur , Butzlaff Felix , Deflorian Michael , Hausknost Daniel , Mock Mirijam
Published: June 2020

Auch wenn die Dringlichkeit einer sozial-ökologischen Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit längst von praktisch allen Seiten anerkannt wird - moderne Gesellschaften verteidigen ihren Wohlstand und Lebensstil entschiedener denn je. Beharrlich wird eine sozial und ökologisch zerstörerische Politik der Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit betrieben. Die Konjunktur des Rechtspopulismus signalisiert, wie sehr das ökologisch-demokratische Projekt vergangener Jahrzehnte brüchig geworden ist. Und die Corona-Pandemie verschiebt die Prioritäten erneut in Richtung Wachstumspolitik und Konsumstimulation. Dieser Band stellt grundlegende Annahmen der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und Umweltsoziologie in Frage. Er skizziert neue sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsperspektiven, um die eigenartige Fortdauer der Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit zu erhellen.
ANÁLISE DA ESTABILIDADE LATERAL EM TRECHOS FLUVIAIS DA BACIA RIACHO DO TIGRE, SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO
Authors: Da  Silva Santos Camilla Jerssica , Otaviano Praça de Souza Jonas
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa analisou a estabilidade lateral em ambientes fluviais do Semiárido paraibano na bacia Riacho do Tigre. O foco principal foi estudar a capacidade de ajuste lateral e sua relação com a energia do fluxo, através da identificação da composição do material das margens por meio de teste de textura e consistência, sendo também realizadas análise da cobertura vegetal e da distribuição da energia. Dos oitos trechos avaliados, dois foram classificados como estáveis; quatro, instáveis; e dois com estabilidade intermediária. A partir dos resultados gerados foi possível concluir que a vegetação desempenha um papel fundamental na estabilidade das margens, pois mesmo nas margens compostas de materiais pouco coesos não foram identificados indicios de processos erosivos devido à resistência exercida pela cobertura vegetal.
ESTABELECIMENTOS COMERCIAIS VAREJISTAS NO AGLOMERADO URBANO DE LONDRINA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Cocato Guilherme Pereira
Published: June 2020

Considerando a relevância do segmento terciário, com destaque para o comércio e o consumo, em Londrina e seus municípios de entorno, este estudo visa discurtir os principais aspectos teóricos da relação entre as cidades e as atividades comerciais, para depois apreender a espacialização dos estabelecimentos comerciais varejistas no aglomerado urbano de Londrina. Nesse processo, serão utilizados dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais, de documentos institucionais do município e da Região Metropolitana de Londrina como todo, e realizados trabalhos de campo para aferir in loco os estabelecimentos comerciais identificados. Entende-se que estes estabelecimentos estão amplamente disseminados pelo aglomerado, em grandes e pequenas concentrações. Enquanto as primeiras são de centros tradicionais já reconhecidos, as segundas se referem aos estabelecimentos de pequeno porte que proporcionam as trocas comerciais fundamentais para a reprodução social dos habitantes urbanos – especialmente em localizações periféricas e condições infraestruturais precárias. Portanto, a presença espacial do consumo e trocas comerciais no meio urbano londrinense são elementos essenciais de estudo para a Geografia Urbana e Econômica.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DE SOLOS AO LONGO DE UMA TOPOSSEQUENCIA EM AMBIENTE DE CAMPINARANA NA AMAZÔNIA SUL OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Dos Santos Pereira Sebastião , Araújo Edson Alves , Carlos de Lima Moreira Willian , Gomes Bardales Nilson , De Oliveira Eliane
Published: June 2020

As Campinaranas são fitofisionomias que ocorrem na Amazônia e na região do Vale do Juruá, em domínio de solos arenosos e utilizados frequentemente para exploração mineral e agrícola. Objetivou-se caracterizar atributos de solo em uma topossequencia de ambiente de Campinarana Florestada de modo a subsidiar sua utilização de forma racional. Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, em área de solos originados de arenitos da Formação Cruzeiro do Sul. Na  área de estudo foram abertos três perfis de solo: topo, meia encosta e baixada. Os solos foram descritos e coletados para análises físicas e químicas de rotina. A classificação taxonômica foi realizada conforme o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. No topo constatou-se Neossolo Quartzarênico, um intergrade na meia encosta e Espodossolo Humilúvico na baixada. As análises físicas evidenciaram maiores proporções de areia nos perfis estudados, com predomínio da fração areia grossa, que favorecem a lixiviação, baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água e suscetibilidade à erosão. Os solos são pobres em nutrientes, com alta saturação de alumínio, e maior proporção de matéria orgânica no horizonte Espódico. Os solos e o ambiente estudados são altamente sucetíveis a degradação, se mal utilizados, sendo recomendados como áreas de conservação.
MAPEAMENTO DE USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA E ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURA DA PAISAGEM NA BACIA DO RIO URAIM
Authors: Costa Pereira Lucimar , Silva de Almeida Arlete , Monteiro Ferreira Bruno , De Miranda Lameira Wanja Janayna , Pereira de Assunção Sabrina
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa objetiva mapear e analisar o uso e cobertura da terra e a estrutura da paisagem florestal, a partir de fragmentos florestais (manchas) e métricas de paisagem na bacia do rio Uraim, Paragominas-PA. A classificação de uso e cobertura foi realizada no software ENVI v. 5.3 com aplicação do algoritmo de Máxima verossimilhança (MAXVER). Já os fragmentos florestais foram analisados a partir de métricas de paisagem, no software ArcMap v. 10.5. A classificação indicou que, as classes com maior predomínio na área da bacia do Uraim eram floresta primária (27,50%), vegetação secundária (21,46%) e agricultura (17,68%). O mapeamento das áreas florestadas contabilizou 29.504 fragmentos na bacia. A maior parte dos remanescentes florestais da bacia do Uraim são compostos por fragmentos muito pequenos. Os fragmentos maiores apresentaram menor efeito de borda em relação aos menores, entretanto, as métricas de forma indicaram irregularidade mais acentuada para os fragmentos com maior área. Nesse contexto, vale ressaltar que o perfil de desenvolvimento de atividades agropecuárias na bacia do Uraim é o fator chave para a fragmentação florestal e a análise desses fragmentos contribui como auxílio na tomada de decisões para melhor gestão da bacia, considerando a necessidade de corredores ecológicos.