bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of ease of tracheal intubation using Airtraq and intubating laryngeal mask airway with cervical spine immobilization
Authors: Gupta Lalit , Kumar Deepak , Wadhawan Sonia , Sivaraj  , Kohli Amit , Bhadoria Poonam , Kumar Abhijit
Published: June 2021

Tracheal intubation in cervical spine injury patients with application of Manual In Line Stabilization (MILS) of the cervical spine in neutral position is a challenge for the anesthesiologist since it makes visualization of the larynx more difficult using conventional laryngoscopy. Our study was conducted to compare ease of intubation using Airtraq and Intubating laryngeal mask airway(ILMA) in simulated cervical spine injury patient using MILS.

100 ASA I/II patients (without cervical spine injury), aged 18-60 years were randomly allocated in two groups -Group A: Airtraq (n=50), Group I: ILMA (n=50). General anaesthesia was given as per standard protocol in all the patients, after that MILS was applied and patients intubated using Airtraq in group A and ILMA in group I with neck in neutral position. Time taken for intubation, number of attempts for intubation, ease of intubation with Airtraq/ILMA, hemodynamics and complications were compared.

The mean time taken for intubation in the Group A was 12.6 ± 6.6 seconds and in the Group, I was 85.8 ± 36.6 seconds (p<0.001). Number of intubations attempts in Group A was significantly less as compared to the Group I (p= 0.027).

Airtraq is a safer and faster alternative when compared to ILMA in patients with simulated cervical spine injury using manual in line stabilization.
Comparison of intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic Ropivacaine versus Ropivacaine+Ketorolac and Ropivacaine+Tramadol for post-operative pain relief in knee and hip arthroplasty surgeries under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Surana Anita , Baxi Vipin
Published: June 2021

Local anaesthetic infiltration in knee and hip arthroplasty is employed as a part of multi-model analgesia to reduce opiate consumption and help in early ambulation of elderly people It reduces post-operative pain effectively and thus reduces complications like Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and even myocardial infection. Addition of ketorolac or Tramadol further prolongs the duration of analgesia.

To compare the local anaesthetic infiltration of Ropivacaine alone and Ropivacaine with Ketorolac and Ropivacaine with tramadol for postoperative pain relief in knee and hip arthroplasty.

Randomize double-blind study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. Group A patients received wound infiltration with Inj. Ropivacaine0.75% 50ml (5-7 mg/kg), Group B patients received Inj. Ropivacaine 0.75% 50 ml+1ml Inj. Ketorolac(30 mg) and Group C patients received Inj Ropivacaine 0.75% 50 ml+ Inj Tramadol 2ml (100mg), all diluted with NS to make 100 ml infiltration. Post-operative pain scores, time of first rescue analgesia (FRA), hemodynamic parameters and total rescue analgesic consumed in 24 hrs. as Inj Diclofenac and Tramadol was assessed and any untoward incidences like nausea, vomiting, knee swelling & Hypotension etc. were noted.

The VA Score was significantly lower in Grp C as compared to Grp B and A in first 4-6 hrs. as tramadol and ketorolac significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia. VA score in Grp Cis 3.8+_0.52, as compared to 4.02 ± 1.58 in Grp B and 5.7 ± 1.014 in Grp A. which was statistically significant (P value 0.0141). The time of first rescue analgesia (FRA) was also prolonged by 2.2 hrs. in Grp C as compared to Grp B and C which is statistically significant. (P value 0.003). The total rescue analgesia in 24 hrs. given as Inj Diclofenac and Inj Tramadol was significantly lower in Grp C as compared to Grp B and A. No of pts requiring rescue analgesia was also less 45% in Grp C as compared to 50% and 95% in Grp B and A respectively. 25% pts in Grp C has excellent pain relief as compared to 20% in Grp B and 10% in Grp A. No untoward effect like nausea vomiting is noted in any patient, only 3 pts in Grp A and 2 pts in Grp B required bl transfusion.

Local infiltration of Ropivacaine provides good analgesia. Addition of tramadol or Ketorolac prolongs the analgesic effect of Ropivacaine and lowers the VAS significantly and improves patient satisfaction score. It also decreases post-operative 24hrs NSAID or opioid consumption.
Comparative study of physiological changes of nil per oral vs glucose water vs free water in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Anand Neelesh , Prakash Shashi , Madia Mandeep M H , Singh Braj Nandan , Gupta Reetika
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ingestion of clear water and glucose water over 10 hours NPO in elective laparoscopic cholecystetctomy surgery.

An observational study was conducted in Sir Sunderlal hospital, Banaras Hindu University. The study included ASA I-II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Patients undergoing general anaesthesia were included in the study. Among three groups, the control fasted in accordance to nil per os for 10 hours, second and third group received 200 mL of clear water and 200 ml of glucose water, respectively 2 hours before the surgery. Arterial Blood Gas analysis and blood glucose level was done in the immediate post-operative period. Arterial pH, serum electrolytes, serum lactate and blood glucose levels were compared for the above 3 groups. Results were given as mean ± SD. Data collected were analysed using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant if P values were <0.05.

A total of 45 patients were included and 15 patients each were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups. Patients who had 200 ml of clear water before surgery had lesser variation in serum K+ [p=0.045] and serum lactate level [p=0.001] than NPO. Patients fed with 200 ml of glucose water before surgery had lesser variation in serum K+ level [p=0.02], serum lactate level [p<0.001], in Random Blood Sugar level [p<0.001] and no episode of hypoglycaemia observed as compared to NPO. Patients given 200 ml of glucose water exhibited lesser variation in serum lactate level [p=0.004], in RBS level [p<0.001] and no hypoglycaemic episode recorded contrary to those supplied with 200 mL of clear water. More fluctuations in extreme values of pH and serum electrolytes values observed in group A. Episodes of hypoglycaemia found more frequent in NPO and patients that received only clear water. No significant side-effects were observed in any group.

We conclude that it is safe to give clear drinks 2 hours prior to surgery. Prolonged withholding of oral fluid may cause imbalance in pH, serum electrolytes and hypoglycaemia. The finding confirms the recent ASA guidelines which no longer recommends an indiscriminate ‘NPO after midnight’ policy.
Transversus abdominis plane block versus wound site infiltration using 0.25% bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia after caesarean delivery performed under subarachnoid block
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Wadhawan Sonia , Kohli Amit , Bhadoria Poonam , Kumar Abhijit
Published: June 2021

: Transversus abdominis planeTAP) block has been described as an effective technique to reduce postoperative pain after caesarean section. Wound site infiltration (WSI) has been a traditional method for pain relief. In our study we attempt to compare the analgesic effect of TAP block with wound site infiltration after caesarean section.

A randomized comparative study was conducted on 60 parturients. Patients were randomized into Group T (TAP block, n=30) and Group I (WSI, n=30). Spinal anaesthesia was administered and at the end of surgery, Group T was administered TAP block with 20 ml of 0.25% of bupivacaine on each side and in Group I, 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was infiltrated along the wound site. Postoperatively parameters assessed were time to first rescue analgesia, postoperatively patient’s Numeric pain score (NPS) which was assessed periodically over 24hrs and if NPS ≥4 or patient demanded rescue analgesia, Inj diclofenac 75mg i/m was given as first rescue analgesic, total number of doses of first rescue analgesic given over 24hrs, total number of second rescue analgesic and complications were assessed.

: The mean time to first rescue analgesia in Group T was 13.40±4.51 hours and in Group I was 6.20±4.25 hours (p-0.001). NPS at 2, 4,6,12 and 24 hours were lower in Group T compared to Group I. Also, analgesic requirement in first 24hours was significantly less in Group T (p-0.001).

: TAP block was found to be superior to wound site infiltration in providing effective postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing caesarean section.
Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for extension of postoperative analgesia in ropivacaine induced supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Soni Deepak , Vangani Mahendra
Published: June 2021

Pain is recognized as the fifth vital sign. The pain must be adequately treated esp. in postoperative period. The study was carried out at Department of Anesthesiology, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences Indore. The aim of the study was to assess the role of Dexmedetomidine in extension of post-operative analgesia. The study included 88 participants who were equally divided randomly into two groups i.e. with and without Dexmedetomidine intervention after the inclusion and exclusion criteria’s.

The duration of post-operative analgesia in both groups indicating that contemplated surgery could be finished without need for additional analgesic supplement as the minimum and maximum time for surgery were within the range of effective analgesia without movement of limb. The time for demand of dose of rescue analgesic by the patients in both groups was 493.6±48.6 minutes and 961.0±141.6 minutes. The Dexmedetomidine group had a less demand of rescue analgesia. (P = 0.000). Whereas 23(52.2%) patients of Nonintervention group needed 2 to 4 doses of injection of diclofenac sodium by intramuscular route to control pain.

Addition of Dexmedetomidine 100 mcg to ropivacaine 0.5% solution for conduct of supraclavicular block improved the block quality and provided prolonged postoperative pain free period and decreased the demand of systemic analgesics.
The role of tolvaptan in prevention of hyponatremia in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate surgery- A randomized double blind study
Authors: Singh Dinesh Kumar , Baj B B , Goyal Vipin
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study to determine the role of tolvaptan in prevention of hyponatremia in transurethral resection of prostate surgery.

This is randomized double-blind study conducted in 60 ASA grade status 1 and 2 patients age group between 45-80 yrs undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia in urology operation theatre in Mahatma Gandhi hospital Jaipur after receiving permission from hospital ethical committee. A detailed history, complete physical examination and routine investigation were done for all patients followed by informed written consent was obtained. Patients are randomly divided into 2 groups. In group A -30 patients who received orally tab tolvaptan 15 mg and group B-30 patients who received orally tab multivitamin 2 hrs before surgery after doing electrolytes of the patients in the morning. In both groups age (in yrs), wt (in kg), ASA grade, volume of irrigating fluid (in litres), volume of prostate resected (in gm) and duration of surgery (in minutes) all demographic and surgical details data were compared. Electrolytes were compared in both groups pre and post-operatively and statistical analysis was done.

There was significant difference in post-operative sodium level between the two groups (A and B). The mean level of sodium significantly reduced post-operatively in group –B (control grp). The mean level of sodium significantly increased post-operatively in group –A (tolvaptan grp).

We conclude single dose of tolvaptan -15 mg found to effective in prevention of hyponatremia in patients undergoing TURP.
La inconmensurabilidad kuhniana y las generalizaciones simbólicas: un análisis a partir de la comparación de dos paradigmas teóricos de la física
Authors: Cadavid-Ramírez Lina Marcela
Published: June 2021

Dado que las teorías son léxicos cuyos términos no pueden traducirse asertivamente, la relación existente entre ambas sería de inconmensurabilidad, pero ¿dicho supuesto se extiende a las generalizaciones simbólicas de una teoría? Para dar respuesta a esta cuestión en los términos de la propuesta de la inconmensurabilidad local tal como la concibe Thomas Kuhn, en este artículo se comienza analizando qué términos de las formulaciones de la física clásica y la física einsteniana son conmensurables o inconmensurables, para poder examinar luego la incompatibilidad en las generalizaciones simbólico-matemáticas de las teorías en cuestión. Se concluye que ambas teorías son inconmensurables tanto en su taxonomía conceptual como en el ámbito matemático.
Dynamics and Stability of Hopf Bifurcation for One Non-linear System
Authors: Hadžiabdić Vahidin , Mehuljić Midhat , Bektešević Jasmin , Mašić Adnan
Published: June 2021

In this paper we will look at the one system of ODE and analyze it. We aim to determine the points of equilibrium; examine their character and establish the existence of a bifurcation for the corresponding parameter value. A detailed analysis of local stability was performed for all values of the given parameter. For a certain value of the parameter, the existence of supercritical Hopf bifurcation of the observed system of differential equations has been proved. Also, the existence of a limit cycle that is always stable has been proved.
SELF-TRANSCENDENCE IN THE PREADAPTIVE STRATEGY OF SENSE-MAKING
Authors: Abakumova Irina , Godunov Mikhail , Grishina Anastasia
Published: June 2021

In the course of acmeological development, transition of an individual from adaptation to preadaptive activity takes place. Thanks to preadaptivity, a person has new opportunities for the development of such features of his personality that help to overcome various crisis and uncertain situations. In such conditions, the system of personal senses becomes an integral regulator of life activity. The state of integrity of this system shows the possible ways of raising a person above self-actualization as a result of self realization in reality. Self-transcendence follows self-actualization and means going beyond the present self to fulfill the highest purpose. Self-transcendence is based on the process of overcoming the existential crisis of finiteness of one's being, as a result of which the system of personal senses gets restarted and shifts to creating cultural benefits for other people. Self-transcendence contains such existential attributes as experience of creative insights, preservation of subjectivity, ability to overcome existential crises in a positive way, tolerance to uncertainty, creative thinking, freedom in taking responsibility in search for one's own destiny
El incumplimiento imputable. Estudio a partir de las obligaciones de medios y de resultado
Authors: Flórez Peláez Juana
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo analiza la clasificación de las obligaciones de medio y de resultado, así como las principales críticas a esta clasificación, para observar los límites teóricos y prácticos entre ambas categorías e indagar sobre su aplicabilidad en el derecho colombiano. Esto con miras a esclarecer el presupuesto del “incumplimiento imputable al deudor” para la responsabilidad civil contractual.
El daño por pérdida de la oportunidad: la carga dinámica de la prueba y el uso de la equidad por parte de la jurisprudencia colombiana
Authors: Giraldo Gómez Luis Felipe
Published: June 2021

En los procesos de responsabilidad civil y del Estado donde se discute la existencia de una pérdida de la oportunidad es común que los jueces acudan a la carga dinámica de la prueba o a la equidad para tenerla como acreditada. Este trabajo pretende sustentar lo improcedente de esta práctica. Para ello se seguirá la metodología de análisis y estudio dogmático crítico de los discursos jurídicos de los fallos de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, en su Sala Civil, y del Consejo de Estado, en su Sección Tercera; de la doctrina nacional y extranjera, y la legislación vigente sobre la carga de la prueba; lo anterior con el fin de argumentar en contra de la posibilidad del juez de hacer una distribución ad hoc de la prueba del daño. Así mismo, se pretende demostrar que, a pesar de la existencia normativa de la posibilidad de valorar la cuantía del perjuicio con fundamento en la equidad, ello no justifica la práctica jurisprudencial de asignar en la sentencia un valor de 50 % a la probabilidad perdida; estas decisiones pueden constituir un uso errado de la equidad en su modalidad integradora –praeter legem–, si se reconoce la naturaleza de la pérdida de la oportunidad como daño y no como perjuicio.
Business Models of Solar Thermal and Hybrid Technologies
Authors: Reiter Patrick , Poier Hannes , Holter Christian , Putz Sabine , Doll Werner , Moser Maria , Gerardts Bernhard , Provasnek Anna
Published: June 2021

District Heating required annually 600 TWh in the European Union and represents more than 10% of the EUs heat demand. Fossil fuels are the major source for heat production. Approximately 5000 district heating grids in the EU are operated by burning fossil fuels valued at € 18 billion (600 TWh) and emitting more than 150 million tons of CO2 emissions every year.
Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems
Authors: Kong Weiqiang , Furbo Simon , Fan Jianhua
Published: June 2021

Solar collectors are the core components of solar district heating plants. Annual solar heat yield of solar heating plants on average is around 400-500 kWh/m2 in Denmark. Most solar collectors in the large solar district heating plants in Denmark are ground-mounted flat plate collectors. Arcon-Sunmark A/S is the main manufacturer of the large flat plate collectors for district heating in Denmark. Arcon-Sunmark A/S has installed more than 80% of the world’s large solar heating plants connected to district heating networks.
Integration concepts of decentral ST systems in DHC
Authors: Leoni Paolo , Lennermo Gunnar
Published: June 2021

This factsheet focuses on the integration hydraulics and control of central ST systems in DHC. The first part gives an overview of decentral feed-in: international state of the art (including comparison and selection criteria of the different integration schemes), hydraulics and components, details of the return-to-supply scheme (challenges, pump operation, control). The second part describes concepts for the secondary-side integration of ST without feed-in. The third part illustrates selected best-practice examples in Austria (Wasserwerke Andritz and Berlinerring in Graz) and Sweden (Ystad).
Supervisory control of large-scale solar thermal systems
Authors: Gölles Markus , Unterberger Viktor , Kaisermayer Valentin , Nigitz Thomas , Muschick Daniel
Published: June 2021

Overview on different approaches for supervisory control strategies, deciding on operating modes and set points for the controls of the different plants and components integrated in solar thermal systems.
Control of DHC networks and Reduction of the operating temperatures in DH systems
Authors: Gölles Markus , Muschick Daniel , Unterberger Viktor , Leoni Paolo , Schmidt Ralf-Roman , Lennermo Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Overview on different approaches for the control of the heat distribution networks in case of the integration of large-scale solar thermal systems, and different possibilities for the reduction of the operating temperatures in DH systems.
The Similarity of Biomarkers Level between Direct Nasal Fluid and Nasal Lavage Fluid in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Kim Jae Soon , Han Su Jin , Park Jung Min , Kim Sung Wan , Eun Young-Gyu , Kwon Oh Eun
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Biomarkers of allergic rhinitis (AR) have been studied; however, little is known regarding their practical application in the diagnosis of AR. Previous studies collected samples using saline lavage, nasal brushing, or nasal biopsy. To utilize nasal fluid as a diagnostic tool, we need to standardize the method of sample collection. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the difference in concentration of biomarkers depending on the method of nasal fluid collection.Materials and Method: Forty-five AR patients who had greater than moderate AR symptoms and who had positive results on skin prick test and serum-specific IgE tests were enrolled in this study. Nasal fluid was collected using the direct method or saline lavage method. The concentration of each biomarker was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the values compared.Results: Nasal fluid samples were collected directly from 14 patients and were collected via saline lavage in 31 patients. No significant differences were found in the median value of each biomarker between the two methods of nasal sample collection.Conclusion: Nasal fluid collection method does not significantly affect biomarker concentration.
A Case of Small Cell Carcinoma Originated from Sphenoid Sinus in Patient with Recurrent Pituitary Tumor
Authors: Kim Daeyeon , Kim Sangjun , Pak Min Gyoung , Bae Woo Yong
Published: June 2021

Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a type of neuroendocrine tumor commonly originating in the lung, with only about 2-4% of cases arising at extrapulmonary sites. Extrapulmonary SmCC of the head and neck has a poor prognosis and a high rate of distant metastasis. The paranasal sinus is a rare location for extrapulmonary SmCC and only a few related papers have been published to date. We report a rare case of SmCC originating from the sphenoid sinus in a patient with a recurrent pituitary tumor with a literature review.
Individual creativity factor in proactive crisis management in micro and small enterprises
Authors: Ulku Tugay , Bektas Cetin
Published: June 2021

In crisis situations, the survival of businesses depends on the policies which they apply. Businesses that have been able to internalise the concept of crisis management and prepare an environment for their employees that can turn the crisis into an opportunity will be able to survive the crisis moments with the least damage. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of individual creativity factor on proactive crisis management, which is necessary for the success of crisis management. Within the scope of the study, the data were collected from 118 participants who were working in micro and small enterprises in Tokat province via questionnaire. t-Test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and simple regression analysis were applied to obtained data. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that individual creativity and proactive crisis management have a positive relationship (r = 0.505; Sig. = 0.000) and individual creativity positively effects proactive crisis management (R2 = 0.255; p = 0.000; ß Change = 0.16).
 
Keywords: Individual creativity, proactive crisis management, micro enterprises, small enterprises.
Jel Codes: M1, M10, M19
Qualitative study of Yogyakarta palace culinary gastronomic tourism
Authors: Wijaya Tony , Nurhadi Nurhadi , Kuncoro Andreas Mahendro , Rahmawaty Penny
Published: June 2021

This study aims to explore in-depth information on the factors that become gastronomic tourist attractions of the Yogyakarta palace culinary. This research is qualitative research and data collection was carried out by interviews. In this study, the informants were the Yogyakarta palace’s gastronomic tourists and the Yogyakarta palace’s culinary managers. The data analysis technique used is a descriptive interactive model. These research results show that each restaurant has different concepts and segments serving culinary tourism services. The concept is presented with traditional and modern nuances. Each restaurant offers different advantages, such as private dinner programmes, home tours or different culinary service experiences. The segments of each Yogyakarta palace culinary restaurant are divided into tourists and the general public, although culinary managers focus more on overseas tourists. Based on domestic and foreign tourists’ perspective, the appeal of the Yogyakarta palace culinary tourism is the need for experience, curiosity, invitations, tourism information and a sense of pride. The responses given by the informants were related to experiences during the gastronomic or culinary tours of the palace, namely getting new experiences, fun, satisfaction, a sense of pride and willingness to recommend to others. Recommendations on the tourism office to introduce gastronomic tourism to foreign countries can boost the level of tourist visits. The palace’s culinary service providers need to provide a satisfying experience and historical services that stick in visitors’ minds by providing complete guidance and information regarding the historical and cultural value of food and its procedures.
 
Keywords: Culinary, gastronomy, palace, tourism.
Does medical or surgical treatment for aortic stenosis improve outcome in dogs?
Authors: Thomas Julia , Marshall Sophie , Gormley Karin , Conway Georgia , Borgeat Kieran
Published: June 2021

PICO question

In adult dogs with aortic stenosis does treatment with beta blockers compared with surgical intervention show a longer survival time with improved clinical parameters?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Eight studies were reviewed. One was a randomised controlled study, three were cohort studies, one was a case series and three were case reports

Strength of evidence

Moderate to weak

Outcomes reported

Intervention appeared to improve survival times ± physiological parameters when compared to no treatment at all. The severity of clinical signs was reduced, but the risk of sudden cardiac-related death was not diminished according to a number of papers. The direct comparison of surgical treatment with the use of beta blockers showed no significant difference in survival times or physiological parameters across all papers. There is not enough evidence available comparing the different beta blockers used for treatment to draw a meaningful conclusion as to which is more effective

Conclusion

Treatment of some form should be given to a dog diagnosed with aortic stenosis. This will improve clinical signs and there is evidence to say that it will prolong survival as well as improve quality of life.More research into this area is essential. Controlled, randomised clinical trials should be carried out in order to find a reliable and strong recommendation for treatment. Ethical implications need to be considered when going forward with this, which is why the evidence pool is likely to be so limited currently

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Inappropriate Use of Risk Assessment in Addressing Health Hazards Posed by Civil Aircraft Cabin Air
Authors: CV Howard
Published: June 2021

Toxicological reviews of data on Aerotoxic Syndrome that have been widely referenced by the airline industry tend to use a toxicological endpoint, Organo-Phosphate Induced Neuropathy (OPIDN), that is acknowledged to be the result of a very high dose of organophosphate exposure. Additionally, the reviews tend to only address one chemical, Tri-Ortho Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP), ignoring the presence of other toxic compounds in a complex mixture. In using this to justify the safety of the continued use of unfiltered engine bleed air to ventilate civil aircraft cabins, this represents a misuse of toxicological risk assessment. The approach totally ignores the scientific literature on repeated low-dose exposure to OPs over extended periods, the constant presence of a complex mixture of OPs in engine bleed air and their overall toxicity and the variable susceptibility of individuals to toxicological damage. This paper lists the above-mentioned studies and reviews a sub-set. We present the scientific literature that should be considered to make a realistic risk assessment of the hazards of aircraft engine bleed air.
Taxing Agricultural Income in the Global South: Revisiting Uganda’s National Debate
Authors: Stewart-Wilson Graeme , Waiswa Ronald
Published: June 2021

The issue of agricultural taxation has almost completely disappeared from the scholarly and policy agendas in recent decades. And yet, agriculture is taxed very lightly despite contributing substantially to GDP across many Global South countries today. In some cases, light-touch taxation may be necessary to encourage investment in the sector and to protect small and subsistence farmers. However, anecdotal evidence from countries like Uganda suggests that there are a substantial number of high-income earners engaged in agricultural activities that are sheltered almost completely from any form of taxation. More effectively taxing these high-income earners could provide much-needed resources to finance public service provision in lower-income countries. The time is ripe, this paper argues, to revitalise discussions about how best to tax the agriculture sector.
Lessons for FCDO Climate Change Programming in East Africa
Authors: Bolton Laura
Published: June 2021

This rapid review synthesises evidence on FCDO climate projects across the East African region in the following countries; Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. This review established that sector stakeholders in countries like Rwanda lacked climate impact information. This highlights the need of providing the right information in the right form to meet the end users need. The above case studies have shown the need for consistent and harmonised future climate projections that are country specific. According to a study undertaken in Tanzania and Malawi, understanding the likely future characteristics of climate risk is a key component of adaptation and climate-resilient planning, but given future uncertainty it is important to design approaches that are strongly informed by local considerations and robust to uncertainty. According to the findings from the research, policy incoherence, over-reliance on donor funding, change in leadership roles is a barrier to adaptation. There is also an urgent need for mechanisms for sharing experience and learning from methodologies, technologies, and challenges. Further, Stakeholder dialogue and iterative climate service processes need to be facilitated. This review also explores approaches to communicating climatic uncertainties with decision-makers. Particularly, presentation of data using slide-sets, and stories about possible futures.
Evaluation of Socio-Economic Fragility Index against Disasters: Example Turkey Provinces
Authors: YAPRAK Ünal , ŞAHİNÖZ Turgut , ŞAHİNÖZ Saime
Published: June 2021

Objective: SFI (Socio-Economic Fragility Index) is represented by indicators of poverty, human insecurity, addiction, illiteracy, social inequality, unemployment, inflation, dependency, debt and environmental degradation. This index reflects the relative weaknesses or deterioration conditions that exacerbate the direct effects caused by disasters or hazardous events. Methods: The study is a semi-quantitative study and the index calculation method is used by weighting from a number of subindicators.The study covers the period of 2015-2017. Turkey has been applied to all provinces. Results: When the index averages of the provinces were examined for the 2015-2017 period, the first four provinces with the highest index value were Şırnak,Batman, Siirt and Mardin. In addition, no province was included in the low index category while 26 provinces were in the high category. The remaining 55 provinces were in the middle level. Accordingly, 32% of our provinces were in the high index category, while 68% were in the middle index category. Conclusion: It is observed that provinces with high SFI values are generally concentrated in the East and Southeast regions. Additionally it is remarkable that provinces with high index values generally have problems such as unemployment, income inequality, dependence on agricultural growth, deprivation of basic health facilities and under-5 malnutrition.The studies to be carried out in the recommended areas for the provinces will help to reduce the socio-economic vulnerability of the provinces against disasters.
Hybrid model of a stationary plasma thruster
Authors: Gavrikov Mikhail Borisovich , Tayurskiy Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2021

A mathematical model is proposed for studying the processes in a stationary plasma thruster (SPT) taking into account the ionization of the working substance - Xenon, based on the hybrid equations of electromagnetic hydrodynamics (EMHD) of the plasma. The 1D2V case of plane symmetry is considered in detail, for which a numerical algorithm for investigating solutions of hybrid EMHD equations is constructed, based on the method of macroparticles. The solution of a number of fundamental issues is given: the calculation of average values, interpolation, construction of the initial distribution of macroparticles, the choice of boundary conditions for the electric field, etc. The results of calculations with and without taking into account the induction fields in the SPT are presented.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION STANDARD INDEX (APSI) IN NORTH JAKARTA AND WEST JAKARTA USING VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE (VAR) MODELING
Authors: Risma Sarah Sholikhatun
Published: June 2021

The high level of APSI in Jakarta and surrounding regions has been categorized as an unhealthy level of air pollution, which can consequently affect the level of public health. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of APSI pollution level from the previous period as well as the influence of APSI level on other regions from the previous period that are neighboring. VAR modeling approach used which had advantages in considering changes in data behavior over time and can also be used to explains the interaction between a number of variables. APSI level data in West Jakarta region and North Jakarta region have been stationary which are indicated by the significance of the ADF test. The analysis results found that the simultaneous testing of VAR model was significant with p-value <0.05 which can be concluded that the APSI level in West Jakarta was influenced by APSI level in the previous period and was also influenced by APSI level of North Jakarta in the previous period. Similarly, the level of APSI level of North Jakarta was influenced by APSI level in the previous period and was also influenced by APSI level of West Jakarta in the previous period.
DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT MARRIAGES INHIBITING THE MATURING OF MARRIAGE AGE
Authors: Kartika Norma Yuni , Efendi Muhammad , Normelani Ellyn , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: June 2021

Incidence of adolescent marriages in South Kalimantan is still high and acts an obstacle to maturing the marriage age program. This paper aims to analyze the dominant factors which contribute to the maturity of women’s marriages by modifying the social ecological framework theory. This survey study had 180 respondents with 113 women who were married under 19 years and 47 respondents who were married at 19-30 years, while the anlaysis was using bivariate and multivariate analysis. The variables used refer to the social ecological framework theory and there are 2 variables used here, namely individuals (education and  work status) and interpersonal (father’s education, father’s occupation and the economy of the respondent’s previous household). The results of the bivariate analysis are in line with social ecological framework theory. Furthermore, the results of multivariate analysis show that all of these variables are 35.7 percent influencing the adolescent marriages. Based on multivariate analysis, the most influential determinants on adolescent marriages are respondents from poor households before marriage, father’s working in agriculture, respondents do not work, fathers do not graduate from elementary school and respondents have low education.
STRENGTHENING NATIONALITY INSIGHT WITH GEO-LITERACY
Authors: Selfiardy Syafrida
Published: June 2021

The nationality insight should be owned by all Indonesian citizens. This insight is identical with civics knowledge. Besides, not only by studying civics knowledge anyone can improve their nationality insight, but also from other knowledge, such as by learning geography science. Understanding the environment is one of the scopes in geography science. Understanding the environment can possibbly to increase the nationality insight. This research aims to applying geo-literacy as a study method, so the student can improve their ability to understand the earth. The subject of this research is the 4th semester student of Geography Education Department, Faculty of Social Science Universitas Negeri Manado. Analyzing data is based on the calculation of the percentage of results of filling out questionnaires by respondents. The questionnaires formed by the author from literature study from the syntax of geo-literacy method (from the National Geographic Magazine) combine with the indicator of nationalism in the document of nationality by Lembaga Administrasi Negara Republik Indonesia. By applying geo-literacy as a study method in geography education, the majority of students strongly agree that geo-literacy has the ability to strenghtening student’s knowledge to know the world (by applying geographical approach) and make the best decision for the environment.
THE ACTIVITIES OF SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA UNIVERSITY STUDENT STUDY SERVICE (KKN) VOLUNTEERS IN THE EDUCATION OF COVID-19 RESPONSE TO THE COMMUNITY IN BANYUMAS REGENCY
Authors: Syahrizal Fadli , Koesuma Sorja
Published: June 2021

Public understanding and awareness of Covid-19 is still slightly poor that cause them ignore the current situation. This research is carried out in purpose to strengthening the understanding or education of COVID-19 disaster . This article uses descriptive qualitative research method. Where the article present the results of the data as it is without manipulation or other handlings. Data collection techniques used are: 1) Participant observation, in which the researchers play a direct role as the executors and are directly involved in research activities, 2) Interview, to find out the situation through informant, 3) Documents analysis in the form of homecomers' data, and 4) Documentation in the form of  activity photos . Some of the activities or projects carried out by the volunteers of KKN Covid-19 Response are Socialization of the Importance of PHBS (Clean and Healthy Behavior), Assistance of Learning Activities during Covid-19, Online Discussions about Covid-19, The Efforts to Create Food Security within The Scope of Family, and Monitoring of Homecomers Data.
Scenic Beauty Estimation Analysis of Sara Besar Island for The Development of Coastal Ecotourism in Talaud Islands District
Authors: Kumaat Joyce , Andaria Kalvin S , Oroh Hilda F
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the potential of coastal areas in ecotourism development through a spatial approach using Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) analysis. The benefits related to the use of geographic information technology will conceptually provide the right solution for planning and regional development in ecotourism development.  Activities carried out include collecting data in the field related to physical and non-physical factors in coastal areas through surveys and mapping, then analyzing data in a Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) and designing geographic information systems in the form of mapping on 1) physical, artistic potential, and tourist activities, 2) accessibility (transportation), 3) information and accommodation services.  The contribution of this research is to provide information and input for the government to facilitate and determine the planning and development of ecotourism in the coastal area of Talaud Regency on the island of Sara. It can increase regional or regional income, participation, and support in managing and utilizing coastal regions.
The Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Monitoring Damage of The Mandor Natural Reserves in West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Purwanto Ajun , Andrasmoro Dony
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the level of damage to the protected area of the Mandor Nature Reserve in 2019 by utilizing Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems. The method used in this research is secondary data analysis. The data used are the boundaries, area, condition of the Nature Reserve area, and landscape imagery 8. The data collection technique uses secondary data interpretation, while the tools used are Landsat Image 8. The data analysis technique uses the Geographic Information System with ArcGis 10.2.2 software. The results of interpretation of Landsat 8 images recorded on July 5, 2019, and analysis using Arcgis 10.2.2, it is known that from the total forest area of 3.080 ha, the condition of the Nature Reserve is 2,052, 327 ha are still in good condition or have not been damaged, 234,443 ha are lightly damaged, 66,421 ha moderately damaged and 726,809 Ha heavily damaged. Most of the damage to protected areas in the form of Nature Reserve forests was caused by illegal mining activities, namely unauthorized gold mining, forest fires, and forest encroachment or cultivation.
The Accessibility Analysis of COVID-19 Referral Hospitals to The Location of Fundamental Student
Authors: Pamungkas Bella Theo Tomi , Rahmawati Arfita
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in all parts of the world has had an impact on the various sectors. Not only in the economic sector but also in the educational sector. Until Month June Year 2020, the Indonesian government had carried out a new-normal policy. The purpose of the study was to analyze the affordability of the Covid-19 referral hospital to the position of students during the new-normal era. The affordability could be observed by the distance traveled by students to the nearest Covid-19 referral hospital.  This study used the OD matrix layer from ArcMap 10.3. The sample used in this study was 87 students with 11 Covid-19 referral hospitals in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Based on the research results in the form of maps produced, showed that from 87 students observed, only 59 or 67.82% could reach the Covid-19 referral hospitals.  Meanwhile, the other 28 students or 32.18% couldn’t be reached by the hospitals. The amount of students observed, located less than 15 km from the Covid-19 referral hospitals were 35 or 40.22% from the total of 87 students. The hospital which students refer to based on their location was the WZ. Yohanes hospital.
Application of The E-Learning Model in Earthquake Learning to Improve Students' Understanding of Earthquake Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Ismail Rahmati , Mustika Fitria , Akbari Myrza
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the application of e-learning in improving students' understanding of earthquake disaster preparedness. This study used a quasi-experimental design with an equivalent time series type. The research sample was taken of grade 10 Senior High School 5 Banda Aceh with a non-probability sampling method. The stage of this research is that students are given a pre-test to see their initial level of understanding before being given a treatment, then students are given a treatment in the form of earthquake preparedness learning through the e learning model. the understanding of students after participating in learning with the e learning model has increased by 14.44 %. As for the n-gain value is 0.54 (moderate criteria), the N-gain value indicates that learning with the e-learning model is effective in improving students' understanding of earthquake disaster preparedness. based on research data analysis it was seen that students' understanding of earthquake disaster preparedness had increased compared to before. Meanwhile, related to the effectiveness of learning, based on data analysis, it was found that learning earthquake disaster preparedness using the e-learning model was effective in increasing students' understanding of earthquake disaster preparedness.
Costos de atención del cáncer de mama en el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México
Authors: Hernández-Nájera Olimpia , Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero , Ávila-Burgos Leticia
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. Calcular los costos del tratamiento habitual y normativo del cáncer de mama (CaMa) en el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). Material y métodos. Se utilizó la metodología de procesos, desde la perspectiva del prestador. Se identificaron los recursos utilizados durante un año de tratamiento a través de cuestionarios en línea aplicados a oncólogos (tratamiento habitual) de diferentes hospitales y a partir de la revisión de guías clínicas (tratamiento normativo). Resultados. El costo anual habitual fue de $113.6 millones de dólares. Los costos en hospitales regionales y generales para el estadio I son 1.23 y 1.12 mayores al de alta especialidad. Los costos en los estadios 0-II son mayores al normativo por mayor uso de consultas y quimioterapia. Conclusiones. El costo anual del CaMa representó 3.8% del presupuesto del ISSSTE en 2017. Incrementar la eficiencia de los recursos destinados a su tratamiento requeriría mejorar la adherencia a las guías clínicas y la detección temprana.
Chronic low back pain changes in trunk controls of gait
Authors: Nishi Yuki , Shigetoh Hayato , Fujii Ren , Osumi Michihiro , Morioka Shu
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the impact of environment in trunk controls of gait among individuals with CLBP. CLBP patients (n=20) and healthy controls (HC) with no LBP history (n=20) attached an accelerometer to the low back and performed gait in laboratory and daily-living settings. We calculated stride-to-stride standard deviation (SD) and multiscale sample entropy (MSE) as “gait variability” in both the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. In repeated-measures ANOVA, SD was affected by environment in the AP direction and by group and environment in the ML direction. MSE showed no effect in the AP direction and both effects in the ML direction. These change of trunk motor control by LBP have a relation to pain intensity, fear of movement and/or RMDQ in the daily-living but not laboratory settings. Evaluation of adaptation to environment in CLBP will enhance our understanding of changes in sensory-motor control and contribute to optimal management of such patients.