bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEASONALITY DEDUCTION PLATFORM: FOR PM10, PM2.5, NO, NO2 AND O3 IN RELATIONSHIP WITH WIND SPEED AND HUMIDITY
Authors: Harbola S. , Coors V.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Human and ecosystem health is affected by the risk of air pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the parameters generating pollution and governing their nature in time is essential to devise functional policies focusing on minimising the concentration of the pollutants. The effect of pollution parameters on meteorological data and existing in between relationships, have been the focus of the researcher’s planning of better city future. Thorough study of resources utilisation is required for contributing to framing effective, sustainable development, government policies management, and advance public services convenience. For protecting the environmental quality, renewable resources like solar and wind are more incorporated in techniques supporting better city planning. This paper considers the hourly time series Particular Matter (PM) PM2.5 and PM10, Nitrogen Oxide (NO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) along with measured wind flow and humidity. This study’s objective is to assess the temporal seasonality patterns of these parameters in Stuttgart, Germany. The temporal variations over the city center in Stuttgart are analysed using unsupervised approach to perform seasonal hierarchical clustering on a series of parameters NO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5, wind speed and humidity. Furthermore, the correlations between meteorological and pollution parameters are analysed using the Spearman rank correlation method. Moreover, a dashboard is developed to provide the user desired time frame visualisation of these parameters. Proposed work would provide empirical meaning and seasonality comparison among the above mentioned parameters combined with interactive dashboard support. The analyses of the presented results clearly demonstrates the relationship between air pollutants, wind, humidity together in combine temporal activities frame. Thus, it would help city planner and policies maker with advanced knowledge of seasonality for meteorological and pollution parameters conditions.
MAKING SMART URBAN DECISIONS: THE NICHE OF A PARAMETRIC SPATIAL MODEL TO BALANCE THE NEEDS OF URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN WELLBEING
Authors: Jia J. , Zlatanova S. , Hawken S. , Zhang K. F.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Rapid urbanization has resulted in high-density construction, more impervious area and with increasing threats of urban stormwater, drought and negative influences on human wellbeing. Although there has been progress in sustainable stormwater management and the promotion of human wellbeing with green space, the research has been conducted from a mono-disciplinary perspective and has brought potential conflicts in the utilisation of green space in an urban area. Since smart city proposed, researchers are exploring informational and integrated urban management to face this type of development conflicts and achieve a harmonious and sustainable future. This research proposes a parametric spatial model to integrate stormwater management and human recreation needs based on the understanding of the relationship between them on the same urban green space. We expect that this integrated parametric spatial model will help residents to interact with functional green space and provide options to organize the urban green space smarter and more effectively. This paper presents: (1) A review of the main sustainable stormwater management measures with principles, models and facilities to reveal an overlooked but important relationship between space and stormwater management. (2) Investigation of the research on the benefits of green space on human wellbeing. The study argues that the participation of green space cannot be effectively and accurately analysed with the current main analysis measures which relying on satellite-based vegetation indices or land-use database. This research is intended to set smarter decision making on urban green spaces which connects sustainable stormwater management with human wellbeing via visualised parametric spatial model.
AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND DATA MANAGEMENT IN GERMANY – STATUS QUO AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Petry L. , Herold H. , Meinel G. , Meiers T. , Müller I. , Kalusche E. , Erbertseder T. , Taubenböck H. , Zaunseder E. , Srinivasan V. , Osman A. , Weber B. , Jäger S. , Mayer C. , Gengenbach C.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This paper proposes a novel approach to facilitate air quality aware decision making and to support planning actors to take effective measures for improving the air quality in cities and regions. Despite many improvements over the past decades, air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ground-level ozone (O3) pose still one of the major risks to human health and the environment. Based on both a general analysis of the air quality situation and regulations in the EU and Germany as well as an in-depth analysis of local management practices requirements for better decision making are identified. The requirements are used to outline a system architecture following a co-design approach, i.e., besides scientific and industry partners, local experts and administrative actors are actively involved in the system development. Additionally, the outlined system incorporates two novel methodological strands: (1) it employs a deep neural network (DNN) based data analytics approach and (2) makes use of a new generation of satellite data, namely Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P). Hence, the system allows for providing areal and high-resolution (e.g., street-level) real-time and forecast (up to 48 hours) data to inform decision makers for taking appropriate short-term measures, and secondly, to simulate air quality under different planning options and long-term actions such as modified traffic flows and various urban layouts.
RIDER distortions in the CODEX experiments
Authors: Krushelnitsky Alexey , Saalwächter Kay
Published: September 2020

Abstract. CSA and dipolar CODEX experiments enable obtaining abundant quantitative information on the reorientation of the CSA and dipolar tensors on the millisecond-second time scales. At the same time, proper performance of the experiments and data analysis can often be a challenge since CODEX is prone to some interfering effects that may lead to incorrect interpretation of the experimental results. One of the most important such effects is RIDER (Relaxation Induced Dipolar Exchange with Recoupling). It appears due to the dipolar interaction of the observed X-nuclei with some other nuclei, which causes an apparent decay in the mixing time dependence of the signal intensity reflecting not molecular motion but spin-flips of the adjacent nuclei. This may hamper obtaining correct values of the parameters of molecular mobility. In this contribution we consider in detail the reasons, why the RIDER distortions remain even under decoupling conditions and propose measures to eliminate them. Namely, we suggest the additional Z-filter between the cross-polarization section and the CODEX recoupling blocks, which suppresses the interfering anti-phase coherence responsible for the X-H RIDER. The experiments were conducted on rigid model substances as well as microcrystalline 2H/15N-enriched proteins (GB1 and SH3) with a partial back-exchange of labile protons. Standard CSA and dipolar CODEX experiments reveal a fast decaying component in the mixing time dependence of 15N nuclei in proteins, which can be interpreted as a slow overall protein rocking motion. However, the RIDER-free experimental setup provides flat mixing time dependencies meaning that the studied proteins do not undergo global motions on the millisecond time scale.
Gravity Effect of Alpine Slab Segments Based on Geophysical and Petrological Modelling
Authors: Lowe Maximilian , Ebbing Jörg , El-Sharkawy Amr , Meier Thomas
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We study the potential gravity effect of suggested slab configurations beneath the Alpine mountain belt. The opposing slab configurations are based on seismic crustal thickness estimates and high-resolution upper mantle tomographies. Direct conversion of upper mantle seismic velocities to densities results in a gravity response that reflects results in a gravity field that may be interpreted as related to the effect of subducting lithosphere, however the different contributing slab segments cannot be clearly identified. Therefore, we define the geometry of the upper slab interface by using the crustal thickness at 40 km depth as upper starting point. Based on seismic tomography, the slab interface is followed down to 200 km depth. We define two alternative models for the slab configuration in the Alpine region in line with recently proposed hypotheses. The gravity effect of these alternative models is calculated for (i) a simple constant density distribution in the slab and (ii) accounting for compositional and thermal variations with depth. The forward calculations predict a gravity effect of the slab up to 40 mGal and significant differences in the pattern of the anomalies.
Agronomic Performance and Heterosis in Common Bean Genotypes
Authors: Silva Valvenarg Pereira da , Barelli Marco Antonio Aparecido , Felipin-Azevedo Rafhael , Poletine Juliana Parisotto , Bernini Cristiani Santos
Published: September 2020

The agronomic performance and heterosis of common bean genotypes were evaluated using the diallel cross between two cultivars IPR Uirapuru and IPR Campos Gerais and five local varieties BGU-1, BGU-7, BGU-13, BGU-36 and BGU-36 and its 21 possible diallel hybrids. The treatments were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design with ten replications, at the Empresa Mato-Grossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER), in the county of Cáceres, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The characteristics were evaluated: average number of days for emergence, number of days for flowering, average height of insertion of the first pod, average final height of plants, average stem diameter, average longitudinal length of pods, average total number of pods per plant, average number of seeds per pod, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds and grain production. Based on the set of analysis performed and the characteristics evaluated, it can be concluded that for the increase in production the combinations composed by the parents IPR Uirapuru × BGU-1, IPR Uirapuru × BGU-6, BGU-7 × BGU-1, BGU -7 × BGU-36, BGU-1 × BGU-36, BGU-25 x BGU-36 and BGU-13 × BGU-36 showed positive
The Tea and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ximenia americana Stem Barks Inhibits Inflammatory Parameters Induced by Zymosan in Mice
Authors: Marques Gabriela Fernandes Oliveira , Cunha Arcelina Pacheco , Gabriel Francisco Sávio Machado Lima , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , Pereira Maria Gonçalves , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio
Published: September 2020

Ximenia americana or “ameixa-do-sertão” is a plant used in the folk medicine of Northeast-Brazil in inflammatory and painful processes. The literature has shown anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities for the aqueous or hydroalcoholic extracts and polysaccharide fractions of X. americana stem barks. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharide fractions and tea prepared from X. americana stem barks in mice models of paw edema and peritonitis induced by zymosan. Tea (50,100, 150 mg/kg; p.o.) and polysaccharide fractions (FI, FII: 1 mg/kg; i.v.), containing carbohydrate (44.8, 25.0, 44.4%) and polyphenols (28.3, 0.78, 1.50%), respectively, were administered 1 h before zymosan (500 mg; s.c. or i.p). FT-IR analysis of the tea showed bands indicating C=O and C-O groups vibration, typical of phenolic compounds. Zymosan-induced paw edema (AUC: 355.0 ± 38.1) was inhibited by the tea by 38% (100 mg/kg) and 36% (150 mg/kg). FI and FII reduced the edema by 47% (933.8 ± 158.1 AUC) and 30% (1263 ± 124.8 AUC), respectively. Zymosan i.p. induced hypernociception (4.7 ± 0.3 g) and increased the peritoneal leukocyte migration (10979 ± 1475 cells/ml). FII increased by 66% the nociceptive threshold (13.87 ±1.59 g) and reduced by 63% leukocyte migration (3993 ± 439.1 cells/ml). FII decreased plasma protein by 64% (92.6 ± 4.5 vs. zymosan: 119.6 ± 5.4 mg/ml) and MDA by 63% (57.5 ± 3.5 vs. zymosan: 88.9 ± 6.3 mg/ml). The tea, containing polysaccharides and polyphenols, and polysaccharide fractions FI/FII of X. americana barks possess antiinflammatory effect in mice models of acute inflammation induced by zymosan.
A special case of long distance agreement in Marathi
Authors: Ozarkar Renuka
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses an unexplored case of long distance agreement (LDA) in Marathi in which agreement takes place across an embedded subjunctive clause. In this construction, three distinct heads- an embedded verb, a matrix verb and what appears to be a clause-introducing complementizer-like morpheme- agree with the embedded object. The paper demonstrates that the subjunctive clause embedded in the LDA construction is a restructured clause lacking several functional projections such as TP, NegP and the entire CP layer. Further, it argues that the complementizer-like agreeing morpheme is a clause-linker attached lower than the CP-layer (à la den Dikken 2006). LDA in this construction is mediated by this clause-linker and the restructured nature of the clause it introduces. The analysis in this paper is based within the Minimalist framework of probe-goal mechanism of Agree.
Epidemiologia da esquistossomose em dois municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira Raquel Aparecida , Faria Stephanie Rezende , Souza Izabella Cristina Alves de , Cruz Cristiano Martins da
Published: September 2020

A esquistossomose é uma doença parasitária endêmica em áreas tropicais, apresentando grande importância para a saúde pública no Brasil. Minas Gerais é um dos estados brasileiros que apresenta maior prevalência da doença. Objetivamos descrever os casos de esquistossomose nos municípios de Juatuba e Florestal, Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, e identificar o perfil dos infectados. Realizamos consulta às informações contidas nas fichas de notificação da doença, referentes ao período de 2009-2012, fornecidas pelo Setor de Epidemiologia dos dois municípios. Constatamos que no ano de 2011 houve um pico de casos da doença em Juatuba. Observamos um maior número de casos da esquistossomose em indivíduos do sexo masculino e na faixa etária de 15- 49 anos, em ambos os municípios. No município de Juatuba, os casos de esquistossomose notificados foram, em sua maioria, de moradores residentes em área urbana. Finalmente, constatamos que os cursos hídricos, prováveis focos de esquistossomose, encontram-se em pontos periféricos e distintos, em ambos os municípios. Para o sucesso no controle da doença nos municípios, e em extensão para outros municípios brasileiros, sugerimos a implantação de medidas e ações de prevenção e controle ambiental e educação em saúde para a população
Corrupção na Armada Imperial: fraudes no provimento de carvão para os navios de guerra da Marinha (1877-1879)
Authors: Pereira Pablo Nunes , Farias William Gaia
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar um caso de corrupção na Marinha de Guerra durante a década de 1870, onde o carvão mineral, principal combustível de navios a vapor, foi desviado com impactos expressivos no orçamento da força naval brasileira. O trabalho utilizou como fonte principal o relatório produzido pela comissão de investigação de fraudes no provimento de carvão para a Marinha, formada entre 1877 e 1879. Em termos metodológicos, propomos a análise da fraude em si, estrutura administrativa implicada, formas de investigação da comissão, resultados, impactos e consequências. Concluímos ponderando o papel da corrupção no processo de transformações da era do vapor e como elemento do imperialismo e da dependência nascidas com a introdução da navegação a vapor
“Todas as falhas e virtudes desse povo”: considerações sobre a composição racial da Força Expedicionária Brasileira
Authors: Ferraz Francisco Cesar Alves
Published: September 2020

Entre 1944 e 1945, o Brasil enviou um pequeno exército de 25 mil homens, a Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB), para combater as forças do Eixo na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Essa força foi caracterizada por ser a única combatente, em toda a guerra, que foi integrada, em termos raciais. Tão importante quanto a integração, a composição da FEB foi retratada, na época e na memória coletiva, como uma “amostra racial” do Brasil. Essa imagem de relações raciais harmônicas também ajudou a alimentar o mito da democracia racial. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a formação racial da FEB, verificando a documentação disponível em arquivos militares e civis brasileiros e a historiografia recente. Este estudo conclui que a FEB, com ligeiras diferenças, reproduziu a estrutura racial da população brasileira em sua composição. No entanto, esse “caldeirão multiétnico e cultural” foi uma consequência não planejada do processo de recrutamento da divisão expedicionária, uma vez que o objetivo das autoridades do Exército era recrutar uma “elite”, com critérios de saúde física e alfabetização que poderiam ser excludentes para uma parte da juventude não branca. No entanto, devido às dificuldades de recrutamento seletivo e evasão de parte das classes média e alta, predominantemente brancas, foi enviado para a guerra uma tropa com origens raciais e culturais que pode ser considerada uma espécie de “amostra” da sociedade brasileira.
Lutas clandestinas, maternidades em dilema: memórias de mulheres militantes nas ditaduras civismilitares do Cone Sul
Authors: Motta Romilda Costa , Rangel Lívia de Azevedo Silveira
Published: September 2020

Os temas que envolvem as memórias políticas de mulheres entraram definitivamente no horizonte das pesquisas históricas. Especial atenção tem sido direcionada aos testemunhos de mulheres militantes nos períodos das ditaduras civis-militares na América do Sul. Partindo do diálogo com essa produção recente da historiografia latino-americana, este artigo propõe analisar a relação entre memória, história, subjetividade e experiência a partir das questões de gênero que atravessaram as tensões e ambiguidades entre a militância política de mulheres nas organizações de esquerda e a maternidade como dilema desse processo. É dado o enfoque a dois países do Cone Sul em que profundas similaridades são percebidas, Brasil e Argentina. Adotando como fontes privilegiadas relatos autobiográficos, depoimentos e entrevistas publicados em livros e outros suportes, o artigo busca indicar a complexidade do assunto, colocando em evidência os matizes e a pluralidade de experiências e visões a respeito da militância em seu entrelaçamento com a maternidade.
“Tais livros não são e nem podiam ser da suplicante”: concepções acerca das mulheres e o mundo da escrita nas Minas colonial
Authors: Julio Kelly Lislie
Published: September 2020

Durante o período colonial, existia uma recomendação de que o acesso das mulheres à leitura e à escrita deveria ser breve, apenas para auxiliá-las nos afazeres domésticos. Isso porque elas deveriam ser preparadas para os papéis de esposa, mãe e dona de casa. O artigo objetiva analisar tal consenso. Assim, discute o ideal feminino e o tipo de educação que deveriam receber e a concepção referente à relação das mulheres com o mundo da escrita. Buscando problematizar essas questões, ressalta o contato com as letras vivenciado por Teodora Maria da Conceição, moradora de Vila Rica, exposto numa sentença cível de ação de sevícias, de 1808. Ela foi condenada por castigar excessivamente seus escravos e teve que se desfazer deles e pagar as despesas do processo. Para tanto, apresentou uma livraria contendo 128 volumes, entre títulos civis e canônicos. Entretanto, tal forma de pagamento não foi aceita, pois as autoridades entenderam que os livros não poderiam ser de Teodora. Os dados presentes na sentença refletem as concepções sobre o ideal feminino e a educação projetada para as mulheres. No que concerne às letras, demonstra que havia um entendimento de que a posse dos livros implicava certa formação que Teodora, conforme as autoridades, não possuía.
El género, un lente para leer las relaciones de poder construidas en el ejército mexicano durante el proceso posrevolucionario del siglo XX
Authors: Arias Osorio Daniel
Published: September 2020

Este texto busca analisar como o gênero como categoria de análise nos permite entender as relações de poder que foram tecidas no exército mexicano durante a construção de um novo estado após a Revolução mexicana (1917-1937), fazendo uma leitura da historiografia militar a partir de algumas propostas teóricas feministas. Para tanto, o artigo apresenta uma breve visão geral dos usos do conceito de poder na historiografia militar que aborda o processo pós-revolucionário e, em seguida, através de alguns postulados feministas, principalmente as propostas de Joan Scott e Judith Butler, refletem sobre como a noção de poder e gênero foi construída a partir dos círculos acadêmicos feministas e como este é um elemento presente no empreendedorismo e na implementação de um novo Estado, revelando outras masculinidades e feminilidades promovidas no exército mexicano e que estruturavam relações de desigualdade. Por fim, retomar alguns postulados e propor uma rota que permita construir uma história sobre o exército mexicano com uma perspectiva de gênero, no âmbito de um novo Estado.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Content Schema on English Listening Testing of Non-English Majors
Authors: Mao Yue , Zhou Yifei
Published: September 2020

Listening occupies one of the most preliminary parts in foreign language learning and becomes more and more important. Pre-listening process of listening comprehension owns two models, bottom-up and top-down. The latter that emphasizes the introduction of background knowledge is tightly related to content schema. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of content schema on listening comprehension and to find whether there is difference of the impact of content schema on students of different levels of listening comprehension by conducting an experiment. About 189 participants from Zhejiang University were divided into control group (CG) and experiment group (EG). Both the two groups did pretests, tests and questionnaires. CG and EG were separately divided into high- and low-level groups based on the pretest scores. Independent sample T-test was used to analyze data. The results showed that content schema negatively affected listening comprehension and it had stronger impact on students with low listening proficiency.
Ontwikkelingen jurisprudentie agentuurovereenkomsten
Authors: Kleinjan H.S.
Published: September 2020

Ontwikkelingen jurisprudentie agentuurovereenkomsten

In dit artikel wordt de in 2017 tot en met 2020 gewezen jurisprudentie over agentuurovereenkomsten besproken. Een breed scala aan onderwerpen met betrekking tot agentuurovereenkomsten passeerde de afgelopen drie jaar de revue bij de rechtbanken, de gerechtshoven en het Europese Hof van Justitie.
Bemiddeling na, maar ook voor het openvallen van de nalatenschap van het familiebedrijf
Authors: Verbeke Alain Laurent , Bollen Katalien
Published: September 2020

Mediation after, and before the release of a family business estate

In this article the authors describe briefly the legal aspects of liquidation of an estate and the alternative way of mediation. Besides that they investigate what should better be done before the estate will be liquidated. It turns out that also in that case the facilitation of mediation is a wise choice.
The Significance of Parental Involvement in the Development in Infancy
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Sulaimani Mona F , Henning John E
Published: September 2020

The earliest years’ experiences of children can ensure their future success, and parenting is noted to be an influential factor (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Lamb et al., 2002). Many researchers theorized that parental involvement could encourage children to actively engage and improve their academic achievement in schools (Epstein, 2018). However, less attention was paid to the significance of parental involvement in infants’ development. This paper explores the role of parental involvement in infants’ development by reviewing and discussing abundant relevant studies. This study recommends that parental involvement should be considered as an affluent resource and a useful tool because it could provide rich information about infants’ individual needs and positively help infant teachers to improve their instructional skills.
An Analysis of the Educational Testing Service Major Field Test for Business Performance: Further Evidence
Authors: Iqbal Zahid
Published: September 2020

Assurance of learning is the key to students’ academic success. To this end, one of the largest historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States administers the Educational Testing Service Major Field Test for Business (ETS MFT-B) to assess student learning of business concepts. This study used a set of predictor variables to explain the ETS MFT-B performance at the subject HBCU. The results of the study are expected to close the gap between student performance and expected outcomes in the subject institution, as well as contribute to the broader issue of improving curriculum and teaching effectiveness in business schools in the United States. Using data from fall 2012 to fall 2018, the findings of the regressions indicated that new variables, namely, English language proficiency, hours attempted to hours earned, first-generation student status, and desire to pursue higher studies were important predictors of the ETS MFT-B total score and sub-scores. Among the traditional variables, the cumulative GPA and student’s major area were important predictors. These findings point toward several corrective actions in the assurance-of-learning process for the subject school. The subject school can add a business English class to the curriculum, improve teaching effectiveness, provide advising assistance when students retake classes, and adopt measures that will motivate students to prepare for the ETS MFT-B.
Influence of primers on the optical characteristics of ink-jet imprints
Authors: Vaitasius Kęstutis , HAVENKO Svitlana , KHADZHYNOVA Svitlana , OLEJNIK Konrad , Kibirkštis Edmundas
Published: September 2020

The quality of ink-jet printing depends to a large extent on the technical characteristics of the selected equipment and the surface properties of the printed substrates. It is known that for digital printing it is necessary to use expensive paper with a special coating that determines the degree of gloss of the surface. Therefore, ordinary offset papers before ink-jet printing are covered with primers that ensure good fixation of pigment ink or dye on paper, a wide field of color coverage, characteristic gloss, which generally contribute to high quality of imprints. As you can see, the type of the substrate and the state of its surface has a very great influence on the quality of the imprints. Result of the research, it has been confirmed that not only expensive paper of a special purpose can be used for a drop ink-jet digital printing. High-quality color imprints can also be obtained on ordinary offset and coated paper, coated before printing with special primers based on interpolymeric complexes of polyvinyl alcohol, which will provide sufficient optical density, contrast of images, and expand the possibilities of digital ink-jet printing.
Transition From a Standard to a Hybrid On-Site and Remote Anatomic Pathology Training Model During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Chin Kareen E. , Kwon DongHyang , Gan Qiong , Ramalingam Preetha X. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

As teaching hospitals institute social distancing and defer nonemergent procedures to cope with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the need for daily on-site presence, unless necessary, has been reduced for all medical staff, including trainees. Pathology training programs must adapt to these changes to ensure overall safety without significantly compromising training and the educational mission of the institution.

Objective.—

To describe the hybrid on-site and remote anatomic pathology training model in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic that was implemented in our pathology department and report the clinical fellows' responses to the survey about their experiences.

Design.—

The hybrid model was implemented March 25, 2020. Fellows alternate weekly between working on site and working remotely. On site, fellows wear personal protective equipment and maintain social distancing. Remotely, fellows use digital pathology to review cases and supplement with online educational activities. Virtual “coffee breaks,” meditation, and exercise are part of the curriculum. Online platforms, including WebEx, Google Classroom, and Canvas, are used to continue educational activities. The survey was open May 19 through June 8, 2020.

Results.—

Twenty-eight of the 29 clinical fellows (96%) responded. Many of the respondents indicated substantial increase in their skill with using digital pathology and online platforms during the pandemic. The top most helpful resources were the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology interactive microscopy courses (found very or somewhat helpful by 22 of 23 clinical fellows; 96%), ExpertPath (19 of 23; 82%), the College of American Pathologists virtual learning series (18 of 23; 78%), the World Health Organization Blue Books (16 of 23; 70%), the American Society of Cytopathology webinars (14 of 23; 61%), and our institutional digital slide collection (12 of 23; 52%).

Conclusions.—

Hybrid on-site and remote training can maximize anatomic pathology learning opportunities while maintaining the safety of trainees, hospital personnel, and the community.
Le droit et la société de classes : le contrat de travail dans Le capital (1867) de Marx
Authors: Lainé Mathieu J.
Published: September 2020

Le vieux Marx a consacré certaines des plus belles pages du Capital (1867) au contrat de travail. Rédigées dans un style dramatique, voire théâtral — on y suit un ouvrier rétif, qui passe un contrat avec un bourgeois en odeur de sainteté —, ces pages entraînantes, que l’on a peu lues et peu commentées jusqu’à présent, permettent aujourd’hui de mieux comprendre l’idée que Marx se faisait finalement du droit. Car si l’on s’est beaucoup intéressé aux remarques métajuridiques que Marx a glissées ici et là dans ses manuscrits, fussent-ils achevés ou non, outre que l’on s’est penché sur sa critique juvénile de la philosophie hégélienne du droit, on s’est nettement moins attaché à la place que tient le contrat de travail dans Le capital. Comme le montre pourtant Marx, c’est par le respect du contrat que le capitaliste exploite l’ouvrier, et non par sa violation.
Le droit issu de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires et les sociétés africaines : regard critique sur une illustration du déni de l’essence culturelle du droit
Authors: Bepyassi Ouafo Vicaire
Published: September 2020

Le droit originaire du traité de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires (OHADA), applicable au sein des sociétés africaines de cet espace, manifeste actuellement des pesanteurs liées à son enracinement culturel non africain. En effet, les sociétés africaines signataires dudit traité ont décidé en 1993 d’élaborer un droit commun des affaires simple, moderne et adapté pour faciliter le développement de leurs économies. Elles ont, à ce jour, adopté dix actes uniformes qui régulent certains domaines des affaires en vue de réaliser la croissance économique prévue dans le traité. Cependant, la démarche empruntée à cet effet est confuse. D’une part, l’option pour l’uniformisation, au mépris de l’harmonisation attendue des phénomènes culturels africains, et, d’autre part, la transposition dans les sociétés africaines des modèles juridiques occidentaux, notamment les pratiques du droit international, amènent à douter de l’inspiration africaine du droit de l’OHADA. Un quart de siècle après, son bilan n’est pas flatteur et ne permet pas de préjuger de la satisfaction des objectifs du traité. En outre, la révision du traité à Québec en 2008 pour un meilleur ancrage culturel africain de ses normes révèle indubitablement l’intérêt d’asseoir l’essence culturelle du droit.

Le texte qui suit démontre que le droit de l’OHADA, en vigueur dans quelques sociétés africaines, n’est pas un droit africain en ce qu’il n’est pas le miroir des réalités sociétales et culturelles immanentes à celles-ci. Les identités culturelles enchâssées dans la loi assurent son efficacité dans la perspective de promouvoir les objectifs sociétaux. Or, les déconvenues des politiques économiques et les résultats socioéconomiques décevants parmi les sociétés africaines de l’OHADA obligent à remettre en question son identité culturelle. En réalité, il demeure vigoureusement un droit international des affaires applicable aux sociétés africaines.
Surviving Data Breaches: A Multiple Case Study Analysis
Authors: Shankar Nithya , Mohammed Zareef
Published: September 2020

This study examines how organizations could potentially overcome the fallout of data breaches and achieve competitive advantage, by enhancing key firm capabilities through the process of sensing threats, seizing opportunities, and transforming/reconfiguring their existing resource base. We use the dynamic capabilities framework as the theoretical basis for this study. A multiple case study approach is applied to this study, using secondary data from the case studies of Target, Anthem, and Yahoo data breaches. Our findings indicate that utilizing the dynamic capability framework and its orchestration processes of sensing, seizing, and transforming/reconfiguring the resource base worked favorably in the case of Target and Anthem. However, for Yahoo, failure to utilize the aforementioned framework and orchestration processes had negative impacts on the firm. Our findings have implications for organizations regarding how they could restructure their internal practices and contain the fallout after a data breach.
Joined-Up Government in the Prevention of Terrorist-Financing Offenses by Nonprofit Organizations: An Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Sukmana Maliki
Published: September 2020

Indonesian interagency coordination to prevent terrorist-financing offenses by nonprofit organizations has several drawbacks. This article applies textual analysis and an evidence-based approach to draw effective coordination mechanisms from several countries’ experiences and to design a model of interagency coordination. The model illustrates mechanisms that can be the drivers of changes and minimize ineffective interagency coordination, which may lead to an increase in nonprofit vulnerabilities to terrorist-financing offenses. Evidence drawn from several countries that are contextually relevant to Indonesia, namely, Australia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Singapore, illustrates that effective interagency coordination potentially reduces the risks of terrorist financing and has synchronized policies, objectives, functions, and responsibilities among authorities. Therefore, authorities can prioritize interventions and resources to address the most vulnerable factors. This article suggests improvements in four aspects: collaborative endeavors toward single integrated databases; comprehensive risk assessment of nonprofits; priority settings on socialization, education, monitoring, and supervision; and network model to improve voluntary information sharing.
Effects of Orthotic Insoles on Gait Kinematics and Low-Back Pain in Patients with Mild Leg Length Discrepancy
Authors: Menez Charlotte , Coquart Jérémy , Dodelin Damien , Tourny Claire , L'Hermette Maxime
Published: September 2020

Background

Mild leg length discrepancy increases biomechanical asymmetry during gait, which leads to low-back pain. Orthotic insoles with a directly integrated heel lift were used to reduce this asymmetry and thus the associated low-back pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical adaptations of the locomotor apparatus during gait and the subjective pain ratings before and after the establishment of orthotic insole use.

Methods

Eight patients with mild leg length discrepancy (≤2.0 cm) underwent three-dimensional biomechanical analysis while walking before and after 3 weeks of orthotic insole use. Low-back pain was assessed separately before both measurement sessions using a visual analog scale.

Results

Analysis of the kinematic parameters highlighted individual adaptations. The symmetry index of Dingwell indicated that orthotic insoles had no significant effect on the kinematic gait parameters and an unpredictable effect across patients. Orthotic insole use significantly and systematically (in all of the patients) reduced low-back pain (P < .05), which was correlated with changes in ankle kinematics (P = .02, r = 0.80).

Conclusions

The effects of orthotic insoles on gait symmetry are unpredictable and specific to each patient's individual manner of biomechanical compensation. The reduction in low-back pain seems to be associated with the improved ankle kinematics during gait.
Adaptive Metropolis-coupled MCMC for BEAST 2
Authors: Müller Nicola F. , Bouckaert Remco R.
Published: September 2020

With ever more complex models used to study evolutionary patterns, approaches that facilitate efficient inference under such models are needed. Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) has long been used to speed up phylogenetic analyses and to make use of multi-core CPUs. Metropolis-coupled MCMC essentially runs multiple MCMC chains in parallel. All chains are heated except for one cold chain that explores the posterior probability space like a regular MCMC chain. This heating allows chains to make bigger jumps in phylogenetic state space. The heated chains can then be used to propose new states for other chains, including the cold chain. One of the practical challenges using this approach, is to find optimal temperatures of the heated chains to efficiently explore state spaces. We here provide an adaptive Metropolis-coupled MCMC scheme to Bayesian phylogenetics, where the temperature difference between heated chains is automatically tuned to achieve a target acceptance probability of states being exchanged between individual chains. We first show the validity of this approach by comparing inferences of adaptive Metropolis-coupled MCMC to MCMC on several datasets. We then explore where Metropolis-coupled MCMC provides benefits over MCMC. We implemented this adaptive Metropolis-coupled MCMC approach as an open source package licenced under GPL 3.0 to the Bayesian phylogenetics software BEAST 2, available fromhttps://github.com/nicfel/CoupledMCMC.
Psychometric properties of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in two Spanish nonclinical samples
Authors: Ruiz Francisco J. , Segura-Vargas Miguel A. , Odriozola-González Paula , Suárez-Falcón Juan C.
Published: September 2020

Background

The ATQ is a widely used instrument consisting of 30 items that assess the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. However, the extensive length of the ATQ could compromise its measurement efficiency in survey research. Consequently, an 8-item shortened version of the ATQ has been developed. This study aims to analyze the validity of the ATQ-8 in two Spanish samples.

Method

The ATQ-8 was administered to a total sample of 1,148 participants (302 undergraduates and 846 general online population). To analyze convergent construct validity, the questionnaire package also included the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Revised (DAS-R), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). To analyze internal consistency, we computed Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the one-factor structure of the ATQ-8. In so doing, a robust diagonally weighted least square estimation method (Robust DWLS) was adopted using polychoric correlations. Afterward, we analyzed measurement invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. Lastly, we evaluated convergent construct validity by computing Pearson correlations between the ATQ-8 and the remaining instruments.

Results

The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alpha and omega = .89). The one-factor model demonstrated a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.10, 90% CI [0.089, 0.112], CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.048). The ATQ-8 showed scalar metric invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. The ATQ-8 scores were significantly associated with emotional symptoms (DASS-21), satisfaction with life (SWLS), dysfunctional schemas (DAS-R), cognitive fusion (CFQ), experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), and generalized pliance (GPQ). In conclusion, the Spanish version of the ATQ-8 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in Spanish samples.
A Critical Review on Use of Edible Coating to Enhance Shelf Life of Mango
Authors: Kundu Prasenjit , Adhikary Nayan Kishor , Maji Sutanu
Published: September 2020

Mango is a crop of economic importance for its high export potentiality and usage as fresh and processed products of many kinds. However, increase its shelf life with maintaining postharvest quality and acceptability for long period is prime concerned since mango is a climacteric crop and cannot store for more than 5-7 days after ripening at ambient condition. Low temperature storage along with controlled atmospheric condition is being practised to keep fruits fresh. Controlled atmospheric storage reduces physiological processes, delayed ripening, but, can cause off flavour, internal tissue degradation, poor colouration and other physiological disorders. With the growing consciousness on bad effect of various chemical techniques and environmental hazards emphasizes a need to develop consumer friendly and environment friendly technology to increase shelf life of mango fruits with maintaining its quality and general acceptability. Use of edible coating is now becoming popular because it is a hazard free and environment friendly approach. It has tremendous potentiality to prolong shelf life of mango as whole fruit or fresh cut pieces. Generally, Aloe vera based edible coatings with chitosan have been studied for mango. The present review organised the various study exhaustively on different aspect of postharvest physiology of mango with use of edible coating which shall benefit the researchers for future study.
Bioprinted Injectable Hierarchically Porous Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Constructs with Shape‐Memory Properties
Authors: Ying Guoliang , Jiang Nan , Parra‐Cantu Carolina , Tang Guosheng , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Hongjun , Chen Shixuan , Huang Ning‐Ping , Xie Jingwei , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: September 2020

Direct injection of cell‐laden hydrogels shows high potential for tissue regeneration in translational therapy. The traditional cell‐laden hydrogels are often used as bulk space fillers to tissue defects after injection, likely limiting their structural controllability. On the other hand, patterned cell‐laden hydrogel constructs often necessitate invasive surgical procedures. To overcome these problems, herein, a unique strategy is reported for encapsulating living human cells in a pore‐forming gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based bioink to ultimately produce injectable hierarchically macro‐micro‐nanoporous cell‐laden GelMA hydrogel constructs through 3D extrusion bioprinting. The hydrogel constructs can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes that are defect‐specific. Due to the hierarchically macro‐micro‐nanoporous structures, the cell‐laden hydrogel constructs can readily recover to their original shapes, and sustain high cell viability, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation after compression and injection. In addition, in vivo studies further reveal that the hydrogel constructs can integrate well with the surrounding host tissues. These findings suggest that the unique 3D‐bioprinted pore‐forming GelMA hydrogel constructs are promising candidates for applications in minimally invasive tissue regeneration and cell therapy.
New High‐Performance Pb‐Based Nanocomposite Anode Enabled by Wide‐Range Pb Redox and Zintl Phase Transition
Authors: Han Jinhyup , Park Jehee , Bak Seong‐Min , Son Seoung‐Bum , Gim Jihyeon , Villa Cesar , Hu Xiaobing , Dravid Vinayak P. , Su Chi Cheung , Kim Youngsik , Johnson Christopher , Lee Eungje
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a new, high‐performance, Pb‐based nanocomposite anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. A unique nanocomposite structure of Pb@PbO core‐shell nanoparticles in a carbon matrix is obtained by using a simple high‐energy ball milling method using the low‐cost starting materials PbO and carbon black. Electrochemical performance tests show its excellent reversible capacity (≈600 mAh g−1) and cycle stability (92% retention at 100th cycle), which are one of the best values reported for Pb‐based anodes in the literature. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and absorption techniques revealed the detailed lithium storage mechanism that can be highlighted with the unexpectedly wide reversible Pb redox range (between Pb2+ and Pb4−) and the evolution of Zintl‐type LiyPb structures during the electrochemical lithium reaction. The results provide new insights into the lithium storage mechanism of these Pb‐based materials and their potential as low‐cost, high‐performance anodes.
Stable Electron‐Selective Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Enabling Efficiency over 21.6%
Authors: He Jian , Wang Wenjie , Cai Lun , Lin Hao , Wang Zilei , Karuturi Siva Krishna , Gao Pingqi
Published: September 2020

Crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells featuring carrier‐selective passivating contacts have become a prominent path to develop highly efficient photovoltaic devices. Development of electron‐selective materials that can provide excellent surface passivation and low contact resistivity to c‐Si substrates while presenting good environmental stability is crucial for practical implementation. Here, an easy approach is demonstrated to achieve low resistivity Ohmic contacts between slightly doped n‐type c‐Si and aluminum electrodes via simple spin‐coating of metal acetylacetone (MAcac) film on a c‐Si surface. Contact resistivity of 1.3 mΩ cm2 (18.2 mΩ cm2 with an a‐Si:H(i) passivating layer) is realized when a thin calcium acetylacetone (CaAcac) interlayer is introduced between c‐Si and Al. An n‐Type c‐Si solar cell with a full area rear a‐Si:H(i)/CaAcac/Al electron‐selective contact is demonstrated with a power conversion efficiency of 21.6%. This work not only demonstrates an approach to develop highly efficient n‐type c‐Si solar cells with effective electron‐selective passivating contacts, but also contributes toward accomplishing a simplified fabrication process for photovoltaic devices, from vacuum to solution processing.