bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An atypical presentation of a multiloculated giant pseudocyst of pancreas
Authors: Saxena Pradeep , Lalchandani Ankit , Sutrave Tarun , Bhardwaj Swastik
Published: September 2021

Giant pseudocysts of the pancreas are rare and difficult to manage. Pseudocysts are usually treated by cystogastrostomy but dependent drainage for giant pseudocysts may require alternative methods like cystojejunostomy. We report here a rare case of a multiloculated giant pseudocyst of pancreas which presented atypically with protrusion through the lesser omentum. The pseudocyst protruding through the lesser omentum filled the whole upper abdomen up to umbilical region and displaced the stomach inferiorly. The stomach which is usually displaced anteriorly by pseudocysts was unusually displaced and splayed on the inferior aspect of the pseudocyst. The anterior wall of the fundus and body of the stomach was adherent to the inferior aspect of the pseudocyst. The pseudocyst was managed by draining into the stomach in a different way by performing a cystogastrostomy to the anterior wall of the stomach. Giant pseudocysts are difficult to manage, and good imaging studies are helpful in selecting surgical options for dependent drainage. Cystogastrostomy on the anterior wall of the stomach is a feasible option to drain pseudocysts which are predominantly overlying and adherent to the anterior wall of the stomach.
Trends and practices in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) amongst ophthalmologists across India: Findings of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bhavsar Maulik , Maksane Nitin , Shah Utkarsh , Madhavan Anand , Dhar Priyanka , Thaker Manan
Published: September 2021

To understand the clinical practice pattern of general ophthalmologists in the management of retinal diseases. Also, aimed to explore the ophthalmologist’s perspective towards patient compliance and unmet need in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

A total of 108 ophthalmologists participated in this cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. A paper-based questionnaire with a tool of twelve questions, with response options ranging on a five-point Likert scale of ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ was provided to participants.

Out of 108, 95.4% ophthalmologists confirmed that they were commonly consulted for nAMD amongst the different retinal disorders (RDs). The majority of respondents (87%) confirmed that 60% or fewer patients continue the treatment for a year. About 81.5% of ophthalmologists stated that fluid (Intra-retinal fluid, Sub-retinal fluid) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) was an extremely important parameter for disease activity. The survey revealed that injection frequency was the factor for non-compliance in majority of (>50%) patients. More than 64% of respondents opined that improved efficacy (70.4%), reduced treatment burden (64.8%), and longer acting agents/sustained delivery (64.8%) are the most critical unmet needs for nAMD patients.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, in addition to functional outcomes i.e. visual acuity, ophthalmologists also considered retinal fluid and central retinal thickness as important parameters for treatment-related decisions. Ophthalmologists suggested that there is a need to develop longer-acting agents with improved efficacy which may help in reducing treatment burden in nAMD management.

Longer acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) agents with improved efficacy may help in reducing the treatment burden in nAMD management.
Clinical evaluation of penetrating keratoplasty and its visual outcome
Authors: Shrivastava Poorva , Saxena Navneet
Published: September 2021

The prospective study was carried out at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, medical college, Jabalpur, from 2017-2020, on 30 recipients, who underwent penetrating keratoplasty. The results of the surgery were studied prospectively over a period of 6 months, with follow up at 7 days, 1 month, 3 month and 6 months. Study design: Longitudinal follow up. In our study, penetrating keratoplasty done for optical indications (67%) resulted in fairly good visual outcome, compared to those done for therapeutic indications (23%). The most common complication was corneal vascularisation (56%), and least common was secondary glaucoma (6.66%).
Study of myocillin gene variants alleles in primary open angle glaucoma patients and their first degree relatives in North West Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kochar Anju , Jain Jainendra , Poonia Raunaq
Published: September 2021

Glaucoma is defined as progressive optic neuropathy leading to irreversible blindness if not treated on time. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is most common form of glaucoma. Mutations in myocilin gene (MYOC) account for 2–4% of POAG cases.

To identify and evaluate MYOC variants alleles among patients with POAG and their healthy first degree relatives.

66 POAG patients and 26 healthy first degree relatives recruited for study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination followed by genomic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) isolation from peripheral blood and quantification of DNA on spectrophotometer. All samples were amplified with each primer by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique and amplified DNA and primer sequence checked again by electrophoresis for confirmation of specified MYOC gene mutation.

We identified a known MYOC missense mutation, Pro370leu in 16 POAG cases and found consistent genotypic but not phenotypic correlation in 4 of their first degree relatives. Out of 16 cases, pathogenic MYOC gene variant was found in 12 adult onset POAG, 3 juvenile onset POAG, and 1 case of OHT.

This study is first of its kind in North India. Our study showed frequency of MYOC gene mutation in POAG cases was 24.24% which is much higher than found elsewhere in India and other countries (2-5%). Frequency of transmission of pathogenic MYOC gene variant in first degree relatives was 25%. The future outcome of our study is promising since early diagnosis and management of high risk family members is possible.
Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure
Authors: Chakraborty Suprova , Choudhary Jaykumari , Patel Ganesh
Published: September 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a syndrome of progressive airflow limitation caused by abnormal inflammatory reaction of airway and lung parenchyma. Risk factor for development of COPD is a complex interaction of genetic factors and many environmental exposures, with the cigarette smoking being the most common etiological agent.

It is a prospective observational comparative study conducted among patient with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure, secondary to acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease admitted in chest ward department of Respiratory medicine, Late Shri Lakhi Ram Agrawal Memorial Medical College, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India for a period of one year from April 2020- April 2021.

A total 60 patients were studied. Out of which, 30 patients in study group for whom non-invasive ventilation support along with conventional treatment was given and remaining 30 patients in comparison group, same treatment was given without non-invasive ventilation support. Both groups had similar demographic, clinical, biochemical profile at the time of admission. Distribution of comorbidities, smoking history were similar as shown below in tables. After application of Non-invasive ventilation along with conventional treatment in study group, the result showed that mean hours of NIV use in study group was 27 hours and mean hours of Oxygen use in comparison group was 98 hours.

Use of non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD, with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure, reduced tachypnoea, tachycardia, after 4 hours. There were improvement in oxygen saturation after 4 hours, improvement in PH also occurred after 4 hours by 0.04. Non-invasive ventilation gives rest to fatigued inspiratory muscle so work of breathing is reduced. It also restores functional and biochemical changes associated with fatigued muscle so all complication were reduced with use of non- invasive ventilation.
Los reguladores y la implementación de los derechos humanos al agua y al saneamiento en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Molinari Alejo , Bos Robert , Latorre Carolina , Bedoya Celia , Navia María del Rosario
Published: September 2021

Los Reguladores de los servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamiento tienen gran responsabilidad en la realización de los Derechos Humanos al Agua y el Saneamiento (DHAS). ¿Hasta qué punto están siendo incorporados los DHAS en la regulación de los servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de América Latina y el Caribe? Esta publicación busca identificar las tendencias en la región y las buenas prácticas que ayuden a su total incorporación.
El problema de la obligación política y el deber natural de apoyar las instituciones justas en la teoría de John Rawls
Authors: Magoja Eduardo Esteban
Published: September 2021

La pregunta acerca de por qué las personas deben obedecer el derecho introduce uno de los temas más complejos y discutidos de la filosofía política y jurídica contemporáneas. Entre las diversas respuestas ofrecidas en la literatura científica, Rawls formuló la teoría del deber natural de apoyar y promover las instituciones justas. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer un análisis crítico de esta propuesta y mostrar cómo se podrían superar algunas de sus debilidades mediante un enfoque que enfatice la importancia de preservar un esquema social beneficioso que ofrezca un marco de posibilidades para el desarrollo moral de las personas.
Regla de Reconocimiento y contenidos mínimos de derecho natural en Hart: en pos de una articulación
Authors: Díaz Romero Ubaldina
Published: September 2021

En este artículo propongo una conexión entre la regla de reconocimiento de H. L. A. Hart y la tesis de contenidos mínimos de derecho natural del mismo autor. La regla de reconocimiento es comprendida como una regla convencional constituida por la práctica de los funcionarios judiciales encargada de aplicar criterios de validez, para determinar si las normas particulares pertenecen al sistema. Los contenidos mínimos de derecho natural constituyen la base de tendencias o instintos de los humanos en su búsqueda de supervivencia. A partir de los planteamientos de Marmor y Raz, se propone que en la regla de reconocimiento los contenidos mínimos de derecho natural constituyen el primer filtro de evaluación de la validez de las normas jurídicas particulares sometidas a reconocimiento jurídico, lo cual aporta solidez y consistencia significativa a las tesis de la discrecionalidad y de la separabilidad de la teoría hartiana.
Reseña. La racionalidad de la creencia religiosa
Authors: Camargo Restrepo José Gregorio
Published: September 2021

Reseña del libro La racionalidad de la creencia religiosa. Ángel Rivera Novoa & Andrés Buriticá (Eds), (2019). Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 185 pp.
Efectos de la irrupción polímero HPAM en procesos deshidratación y clarificación en tecnologías de cEOR en Ecopetrol S.A.
Authors: Barbosa Trillos Dalje Sunith , Quintero Pérez Henderson Ivan , Villar Garcia Alvaro , Cifuentes Marin Janet , Colmenares Vargas Kelly Margarita
Published: September 2021

El recobro mejorado del petróleo es un proceso que se utiliza para maximizar el volumen de hidrocarburos recuperados en campos petroleros. Dentro de los métodos de recobro mejorado químico se encuentra la inyección de polímeros que tiene como objetivo aumentar la viscosidad del fluido desplazante y así la eficiencia volumétrica de barrido en el reservorio. Independientemente del proceso EOR utilizado, la gestión eficaz de los fluidos de producción es fundamental para el éxito del proyecto. Uno de los principales focos de atención es la incertidumbre de las características de los fluidos producidos, a medida que el polímero pasa a través del yacimiento. Estos cambios afectan las propiedades físicas y químicas debido a la adsorción de los compuestos en el yacimiento y a la degradación mecánica y térmica. En el caso de los campos de ECOPETROL S.A, donde en la actualidad se está considerando la posible expansión de proyectos de inyección de polímero, se requirió el estudio detallado de la incidencia de residuales poliméricos en los pozos productores y su efecto aguas abajo. El grupo de investigación del Centro de Innovación y Tecnología - ICP evidenció incremento en la eficiencia del proceso de deshidratación en presencia de residuales de polímero, mientras que en la etapa de tratamiento de agua se encontró un impacto negativo en la calidad del agua separada con el incremento del contenido de polímero remanente, dando como resultado parámetros fisicoquímicos fuera de especificaciones para agua de inyección o vertimiento.
Extracción de almidón de cáscara de cacao Theobroma cacao L. como alternativa de bioprospección
Authors: Herrera Rengifo José Daniel , Villa Prieto Laura , Olaya Cabrera Anyi Carolina , García Alzate Luz Stella
Published: September 2021

La composición química de la cáscara de cacao Theobroma cacao L. permite catalogarla como un material de difícil degradación debido a su alto contenido de lignina y celulosa, en donde este material lignocelulósico se puede utilizar en una amplia variedad de procesos industriales; sin embargo, esta cáscara generalmente es desechada dentro de los mismos cultivos y genera problemáticas como la proliferación de microorganismos patógenos. Por otra parte, el almidón es una sustancia granulada presente en diferentes matrices vegetales la cual puede usarse desde la industria alimentaria para otorgar características sensoriales y organolépticas, hasta la manufactura de papel y materiales biodegradables. El objetivo de esta investigación fue extraer el almidón presente en la cáscara de cacao. La biomasa vegetal (cáscara de cacao) se caracterizó teniendo en cuenta parámetros como pH, porcentaje de humedad, grasa y fibra, entre otros; seguido de la extracción del almidón por vía húmeda. Los resultados obtenidos a la cáscara de cacao reportaron un valor de pH 5,46±0,006, acidez titulable 0,11±0,038, humedad 84,35±0,02, cenizas 8,21±0,006, grasa 0,80±0,02, fibra 6,80±0,01 y la extracción de almidón reportó 12,04±0,03. Para concluir, con el uso del residuo del cacao pueden generarse alternativas de aprovechamiento, produciendo nuevos biomateriales a partir de este subproducto, siendo esta una alternativa de bioprospección agroindustrial.
Estudio del efecto de recubrimientos de sericina extraída de los capullos del gusano de seda Bombyx mori en la degradación de frutas
Authors: Cuervo Osorio Giovanni Alberto , Murillo Arias Yesenia Andrea , Urrea Vélez Laura
Published: September 2021

Las pérdidas en la producción de frutas luego de la poscosecha son provocadas por descomposición, infestación y ataques microbianos. El uso de recubrimientos permite incrementar el tiempo de conservación de las frutas, estos funcionan como una barrera. En este proyecto se produjeron recubrimientos de sericina extraída del gusano de seda Bombyx mori. Se realizó el proceso de extracción de sericina empleando una solución acuosa de carbonato de sodio y posteriormente se realizó un proceso de diálisis con el fin de eliminar las sales presentes en la solución, se realizaron los recubrimientos empleando diferentes técnicas de impregnación. Se evaluó el efecto de los recubrimientos de sericina en la degradación de fresas y bananos; se tuvo una muestra control tanto para bananos como para fresas, estos controles tuvieron el mismo tratamiento previo pero no se les aplicó ningún recubrimiento, los frutos se impregnaron con capas de la solución de sericina hasta cubrir completamente su superficie, este proceso se hizo de una a cuatro capas. Se almacenaron durante 5 días, se llevó un control diario de la temperatura y la humedad del sitio de experimentación. La técnica por inmersión generó exceso de humedad en la superficie del fruto, generando que el fruto de madura más rápido, y aparecieran diferentes microorganismos, al comparar los dos tipos de técnicas se evidenció que los realizados por pincelado presentan mejores resultados, sin embargo al aumentar el número de capas hubo presencia de agentes patógenos, se comprobó que la sericina es una alternativa para el desarrollo de recubrimientos.
Biosíntesis de nanopartículas de plata con Chlorella sp.
Authors: Albis Arrieta Alberto Ricardo , Gonzalez Ortiz Fredy Andrés , Torrenegra Escorcia Daniel
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de la biosíntesis de nanopartículas de plata mediante el uso de la microalga Chlorella sp, utilizando medios de crecimiento con diferentes concentraciones de glicerol, entre el 5% - 20%, y diferentes condiciones de luz y temperatura. La síntesis de las nanopartículas se estudió utilizando los sobrenadantes y pellets de los cultivos autótrofos, heterótrofos y mixotróficos de la microalga. La presencia de nanopartículas se verificó por espectroscopía ultravioleta – visible y las muestras que mostraron mayor concentración de nanopartículas fueron caracterizadas por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Las condiciones de crecimiento mixotrófico favorecieron la excreción de exopolímeros que mejoraron la reducción de la plata y por ende la formación de nanopartículas. Las nanopartículas obtenidas presentaron forma predominantemente elipsoidal con dimensiones de 108 nm x 156 nm y 87 nm x 123 nm para las reducciones llevadas a cabo con los sobrenadantes de los cultivos mixotróficos con glicerol al 5% y 10%, respectivamente.
Estudios previo inversionistas para la producción de furfural-etanol y tableros a partir de bagazo de caña de azúcar
Authors: Morales-Zamora Marlén , Mesa-Garriga Leyanis , Ley-Chong Nestor , Martinez Ana Celia de Armas , Acosta-Martinez Delvis R. , González-Suárez Erenio
Published: September 2021

En la actualidad, aprovechar instalaciones en la industria para modificar, reanimar o reconvertir sus producciones, resulta importante para la disminución de costos inversionistas y el incremento de la disponibilidad de las plantas. En este sentido, la investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio previo inversionista, en un complejo azucarero con plantas de derivados instaladas, para la producción conjunta de furfural, etanol y tableros a partir de bagazo, considerando la reconversión en la instalación industrial. Para ello, se parten de modificaciones y resultados obtenidos por Mesa [1], en la etapa de fraccionamiento del bagazo hacia la obtención de glucosa, xilosa y furfural, y el aprovechamiento de los residuos en la planta de tableros Morales-Zamora [2]. Se realizan estudios de prefactibilidad económica a las plantas por separado y con la propuesta de integración y reconversión. En el análisis integrado, se plantea un diseño factorial 24 considerando la influencia de las variables flujo de caña, flujo de etanol, fiabilidad y precios, para un escenario optimista de precios y capacidades. Los resultados económicos se favorecen para incrementos del flujo de etanol, con menor flujo de caña, considerando la fiabilidad con la reconversión y con incrementos del precio del azúcar. La reconversión hacia la obtención de azúcar, electricidad, furfural, tableros y etanol permitirá rescatar plantas y equipamientos instalados, lo cual incidiría a minimizar las inversiones, así como a un desarrollo prospectivo de adaptación de la industria azucarera hacia el concepto de biorrefinería.
Evaluación de una mezcla de concreto asfáltico con incorporación de agregados reciclados de concreto
Authors: Bastidas-Martínez Juan Gabriel , Rondón-Quintana Hugo Alexander , Contreras-Zartha Leonardo , Forero-Castaño Santiago , Rojas-Rozo Laura
Published: September 2021

La generación y gestión de residuos sólidos industriales se considera una problemática ambiental a nivel mundial. Razón por la cual, diversos estudios se han enfocado en la implementación de Residuos de obras de Construcción y Demolición (RCD) para capas de pavimentos, centrándose en el uso de Agregados Reciclados de Concreto (RCA por sus siglas en inglés). El objetivo de este artículo fue establecer el impacto de la implementación del RCA en una mezcla asfáltica sobre algunas de sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, bajo tres escenarios: i) sustitución de la fracción gruesa, ii) fina y iii) 100% de la granulometría del agregado convencional (AC). Se evaluó la resistencia bajo carga monotónica de las mezclas (ensayos Marshall y Tracción Indirecta – RTI) y la resistencia al desgaste Cántabro. La sustitución de la fracción fina del AC por RCA, disminuye notablemente la resistencia bajo carga monotónica de la mezcla de referencia. Al sustituir la fracción gruesa, se cumplen los criterios de diseño de la mezcla asfáltica de referencia y se aumenta el RTI, pero se hace necesario incrementar ligeramente el contenido de asfalto. Al sustituir la totalidad de los agregados por RCA, se obtuvo un comportamiento satisfactorio ante la acción de cargas monotónicas, pero también se hace necesario incrementar ostensiblemente el contenido de asfalto. Un aumento del RCA en la mezcla incrementa la pérdida por desgaste Cántabro.
Una nueva metaheurística híbrida para resolver el problema 2eLIRP
Authors: Arias-Osorio Javier , Camacho-Pinto Julio Cesar
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se considera el problema de optimización que integra las funciones logísticas de localización, transporte e inventario multiperiodo en una red de distribución de dos escalones, denominado 2eLIRP. En este artículo se propone para su solución una nueva metaheurística híbrida, basada en Búsqueda Tabú, Algoritmos Genéticos y la heurística del Vecino más cercano. Los rendimientos de esta técnica híbrida se comparan con las metaheurísticas clásicas que tiene como base, encontrando mejores soluciones en el 96,67% de los experimentos realizados.
Machine Learning MOSA Monitoring System
Authors: Manjunath Aditya G. , Vrtagić Sabahudin , Dogan Fatih , Dordevic Milan , Zarkovic Mileta , Kevric Jasmin , Dobric Goran
Published: September 2021

This research paper deals with the problem of Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) condition monitoring and a new methodology in surge arrester monitoring and diagnostics is presented. A machine learning algorithm (back propagation regression) is used to estimate the non-linearity coefficient of the surge arrester, based on operating voltage and leakage current of the arrester. Using a simulated system, this research investigates the possibility of application and efficiency of machine learning. It is shown that the applied learning algorithm results are competitive with the model results parameters calculated as R2 = 0.999 and mean absolute real error computed as 0.005 which has shown that the proposed model can be used for MOSA monitoring and diagnostic purposes.
Detection of Various Types of Metal Surface Defects Based on Image Processing
Authors: Xue Peng , Jiang Changhong , Pang Huanli
Published: September 2021

Machine vision is a promising technique to promote intelligent production. It strikes a balance between product quality and production efficiency. However, the existing metal surface defect detection algorithms are too general, and deviate from electrical production equipment in the level of response time to the target image. To address the two problems, this paper designs a detection algorithm for various types of metal surface defects based on image processing. Firstly, each metal surface image was preprocessed through average graying and nonlocal means filtering. Next, the principle of the composite model scale expansion was explained, and an improved EfficientNet was constructed to classify metal surface defects, which couples spatial attention mechanism. Finally, the backbone network of the single shot multi-box detector (SSD) network was improved, and used to fuse the features of the target image. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments.
Lung Cancer Classification Using Squeeze and Excitation Convolutional Neural Networks with Grad Cam++ Class Activation Function
Authors: Joshua Eali Stephen Neal , Bhattacharyya Debnath , Chakkravarthy Midhun , Kim Hye-Jin
Published: September 2021

The leading cause of cancer-related death globally has been identified as lung cancer. Early lung nodule detection is critical for lung cancer therapy and patient survival. The Gard Cam++ Class Activation Function is used with a squeeze-and-excite network to provide a revolutionary method for differentiating malignant from benign lung nodules on CT scans. The new SENET (Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks) Grad Cam++ module, which combines the features calibration and discrimination benefits of SENET, has been shown to have a substantial potential for improving feature discriminability in lung cancer classification. According to the publicly available LUng Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) database, when assessed on 1230 nodules, the technique achieved an AUC of 0.9664 and an accuracy of 97.08% (600 malignant and 630 benign). The favorable results demonstrate the robustness of our technique to nodule classification, which we anticipate will be valuable in the future. The technology's objective is to aid radiologists in evaluating diagnostic data and differentiating benign from malignant lung nodules on CT images. To our knowledge, no systematic evaluation of SENET usefulness in classifying lung nodules has been done.
Integration of Two-Dimensional Kernel Principal Component Analysis Plus Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis with Convolutional Neural Network for Finger Vein Recognition
Authors: Gao Zhitao , Cai Jianxian , Shi Yanan , Hong Li , Yan Fenfen , Zhang Mengying
Published: September 2021

High complexity and low recognition rate are two common problems with the current finger vein recognition methods. To solve these problems, this paper integrates two-dimensional kernel principal component analysis (K2DPCA) plus two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2DLDA) (K2DPCA+2DLDA) into convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize finger veins. Considering the row and column correlations of the finger vein image matrix and the classes of finger vein images, the authors adopted K2DPCA and 2DLDA separately for dimensionality reduction and extraction of nonlinear features in row and column directions, producing a dimensionally reduced compressed image without row or column correlation. Taking the dimensionally reduced compressed image as the input, the CNN was introduced to learn higher-level features, making finger vein recognition more accurate and robust. The public dataset of Finger Vein USM (FV-USM) Database was adopted for experimental verification. The results show that the proposed approach effectively overcome the common defects of original image feature extraction: the insufficient feature description, and the redundancy of information. When the training reached 120 epochs, the model basically realized stable convergence, with the loss approaching zero and the recognition rate reaching 97.3%. Compared with two-directional two-dimensional Fisher principal component analysis ((2D)2FPCA), our strategy, which integrates K2DPCA+2DLDA with CNN, achieved a very high recognition rate of finger vein images.
A Comprehensive Review for Emotion Detection Based on EEG Signals: Challenges, Applications, and Open Issues
Authors: Abdulrahman Awf , Baykara Muhammet
Published: September 2021

Emotion classification based on physiological signals has become a hot topic in the past decade. Many studies have attempted to classify emotions using various techniques, to discover human emotions accurately. This study focused on listing the most recent studies that have classified emotions based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This study also focused on solving the problems and challenges facing researchers in emotion classification and EEG applications used in several fields. The plan of this study is based on a strategy with three aspects within specific rules: The first aspect is the methods; we chose studies that included new methods to extract features. The second aspect is the data sets. We tried to choose a study that classified the same data set. The third aspect is applications; we have listed many applications of the EEG in several areas. We concluded from this study that detecting human emotions using the EEG signals is one of the most reliable and widely used methods of detecting emotions in the past few years. Also, we have noticed that the EEG can detect human emotions, especially in psychiatry, for example, for epileptic patients whose emotions cannot be extracted using traditional methods such as facial expressions and tone of voice.
Subsampled Circulant Matrix Based Wideband Spectrum Sensing Using Fusion Based Recovery Algorithm
Authors: Aswini T V N L , Raju Padma K , Kumari Leela B
Published: September 2021

This paper reflects the problem of wideband spectrum recovery. The demand for spectrum usage is increasing exponentially as the wireless technologies rules the world. To meet these needs, Cognitive Radio is one of the emerging technologies, which intelligently allots the spectrum to the secondary users. Since the spectrum is wideband, the capability of spectrum sensing is improved by introducing sub-nyquist sampling under compressive sensing framework. In this paper, a sub-nyquist sampling technique of Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) is used as it possesses m-parallel channels providing fast sensing and robust structure. A circulant matrix method is used to improve the hardware complexity of MWC. Also at the reconstruction of MWC, a fusion based recovery algorithm is proposed which became an added benefit for perfect recovery of the support. The results are compared with conventional MWC in terms of support recovery, mean square error and SNR gain. Simulations proved that the proposed algorithm performs superior at low as well as high SNR with increased gain.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Detection by Using Two-Stage Image Denoising
Authors: Choubey Shruti Bhargava , Choubey Abhishek , Nandan Durgesh , Mahajan Anurag
Published: September 2021

The requirement of imaging methods in the medical field is vivid. If the capturing devices are not sophisticated, the acquired images will have a significant amount of noise. These noises are hazardous and cannot be entertained. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) caused the state of affairs in girls if not diagnosed and look after early stages. Tran's epithelial duct ultrasound machine could be a non-invasive technique of imaging the human ovary to show salient options necessary for PCOS identification. Numbers of follicles and their sizes area unit the most options that characterize ovarian pictures. Hence, PCOS is diagnosed by investigating the numbers of follicles and measurement their sizes manually. conflict in medical aid is essentially created by technical advances in modalities that resulted from fruitful interactions among the essential science, bioscience, and manufacturer. Hence, PCOS is diagnosed by investigating the numbers of follicles and measurement their sizes manually. This paper attempts to identify the noise & try to generate a noise-free image by evaluation of noise properties. The noise pattern information thus provides an upper hand in the second stage filtering with specific filters i.e. fuzzified. A median filter for salt and pepper noise; and an adaptive wiener filter for Gaussian noise. 46.2%, 15.1%, and 12.4% improvement in MSE for salt & pepper, Gaussian, and speckle noise as compared to best existing methods.
Microbial cellulases immobilized in biopolymer/silica matrices used as enzyme release systems
Authors: Dragomirescu Monica , Vintila Teodor , Vlase Titus , Mihali Ciprian-Valentin , Preda Gabriela
Published: September 2021

Trichoderma viride CMGB 1 cellulases were immobilized by entrapment in silica gels (by sol-gel method), alginate biopolymers and hybrid alginate/silica materials. Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) orthosilicate (THEOS) were used as organoalkoxysilane precursors and ethanol or ethylene glycol as cosolvents in a two step sol-gel synthesis. Combined alginate/silica matrices resulted by mixing silica sol with sodium alginate or by coating alginate beads with a silica shell. The partial confinement of ethylene glycol in the matrix with consequences on biocatalytic activity was investigated using SEM-EDAX, thermal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the enzyme-matrix biomaterials was tested in controlled enzyme release experiments.
The sol-gel method developed using EG as a co-solvent allowed cellulase immobilization yields 1.5-4.5 times higher compared to classical sol-gel methods that use EtOH. The characterization of the gels by microscopic and spectrophotometric analyzes showed that there are similarities between the structure of the gels based on THEOS and those developed by us from TEOS, TMOS and EG as co-solvent. The new developed gels showed good cellulase release properties at acidic pH, comparable to those based on THEOS and alginate. The microbial cellulases immobilized in the matrices obtained and characterized in this work can operate as efficient systems for releasing enzymes, in acidic pH conditions, as feed additives.
Bir Kadının Topuk Sesleri: Cam Tavan Sendromu Yönüyle Bir Film Analizi
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Selin
Published: September 2021

Kadınlar, tarihsel döngünün ilk zamanlarından beri, gerek toplumsal yaşamda gerek çalışma yaşamında bir takım engellerle ve ayrımcılıklarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, kadınların çalışma hayatında kariyer basamaklarında ilerlemesini görünmez bariyerlerle bilinçli bir şekilde engellemek olarak kavramlaştırılan cam tavan sendromu incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çerçevesini çizen temel disiplin, örgütsel davranıştır. Farklı bir şekilde ifade etmek gerekirse, araştırmada örgütsel davranış disiplininin çalışma alanına giren, kadınların çalışma yaşamı içerisindeki durumu ve karşılaştıkları engeller değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında çalışılan konu nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesiyle analiz edilmiştir. Görsel doküman kapsamında film analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl filmi seçilmiş ve bir kadınının çalışma yaşamında karşılaştığı engeller ile mücadele etme biçimleri, cam tavan sendromu yönüyle analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.
İçsel ve Dışsal Güdülenme Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: Çetin Fatih , Çelebi Muhammet Ali
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, Tremblay, Blanchard, Taylor, Pelletier ve Villeneuve (2009) tarafından geliştirilen İçsel ve Dışsal Güdülenme Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlaması, güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada çalışanlardan oluşan iki farklı örneklem (Şirket çalışanı n1= 123 ve Akademisyen n2= 518) kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda ölçeğin alt boyutlarının birinci örneklemde güvenilirlik değerlerinin .53 ile .86 arasında, ikinci örneklemde ise .58 ile .89 arasında değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ölçeğin altı faktörlü yapısı (tanımlanmış, içsel, içselleştirilmiş, yansıtılmış, dışsal ve güdülenmeme) yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizleriyle doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin ölçüt bağımlı geçerliliği rol performansı ile test edilmiştir. Ayrıca ölçeğin cinsiyet açısından yapısal ve ölçümsel olarak ayrışmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bulgular, içsel ve dışsal güdülenme ölçeğinin gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçüm aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
PIV measurement of a jet from a gasper in an aircraft cabin mockup
Authors: Gouveia João Henrique Antoniazzi de , Yanagihara Jurandir Itizo
Published: September 2021

The air conditioning system of most commercial aircrafts consists of a main system, which operates on the principle of mix ventilation, and a personalized system called gasper. Field studies show that passengers prefer to keep gasper parcially open or redirect it away from the head due to the discomfort. Therefore, there is a demand to characterize the flow of this device for future improvements. In this way, the present work aims to experimentally study the gasper jet inside a real cabin mockup using PIV. The results indicate that passengers are subjected to a high speed jet and the air in their breathing zone is mostly supplied by the mixed ventilation system due to the large entrainment ratio.
A novel laboratory pushing the limits for optics-based basic turbulence investigations
Authors: Ribergaard Simon Lautrup , Zhang Yisheng , Abitan Haim , Nielsen Jakob Skov , Jensen Niels Steenfeldt , Velte Clara
Published: September 2021

Developments in theoretical investigations and experimental techniques are reaching a level of maturity for which it is finally becoming possible to answer some of the most pressing questions in turbulence. The prevailing classical theories all have their strengths and drawbacks based on their respective principal assumptions. To better understand the implications of these assumptions, we have developed a theoryintensive experimental strategy. For these purposes, a laboratory has been established at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark. The objective being to provide the data necessary to test the (bounds of) validity of the existing theories; Most prominently the classical Richardson-Kolmogorov-Batchelor paradigm, but also other generally adopted views such as Rapid Distortion Theory and Equilibrium Similarity. The measurements will be analyzed within a novel theoretical framework that enables not only quantification of the degree to which the small and intermediate scale turbulence behaves according to the existing theories (and their central assumptions), but also unveiling the underlying processes that create the respective state of turbulent flow. The present work will describe the current state of the developments of building up the laboratory.
novel method to accurately align the laser sheet for planar and stereoscopic PIV
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad , Lawrence Sean , Atkinson Callum , Soria Julio
Published: September 2021

Several techniques including two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) calibration are used for the calibration of two-component two-dimensional (2C-2D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) and three-component two-dimensional (3C-2D) stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) systems. A major requirement of these techniques is to keep the calibration target exactly at the position of the laser sheet within the field of view (FOV), which is very difficult to achieve (Raffel et al., 2018). In 3C-2D SPIV, several methods offer different correction schemes based on the disparity between the FOV of two stereo cameras produced due to misalignment, to account for the misalignment error. These techniques adjust the calibration or the measured displacement field in different ways to reduce the error which may introduce an unintended error in the measurement position and/or velocity such as a bias in the measured three-component 3C displacements. This paper introduces a novel method to align the laser sheet with the calibration target so that the uncertainty in displacement measurements is minimal. Ideally, it should be of the order of the uncertainty associated with PIV measurement so that no ad hoc post-correction scheme is required.
Towards capturing a database of respiratory exhalations from flow visualisations
Authors: Bahl Prateek , De Silva Charitha , MacIntyre C Raina , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Doolan Con
Published: September 2021

One of the most common modes of infection transmission is through pathogen laden droplets expelled during natural human respiratory exhalations such as speaking, coughing, and sneezing. Infection control guidelines for the prevention of respiratory infection make assumptions about two key parameters: the safe distance between an infected and healthy individual and the size of large and small droplets (Bahl et al., 2020). Studies in the past have utilised flow visualisation techniques to understand the dynamics of respiratory flows but most of them provide only qualitative data on respiratory droplets and do not provide sufficient detail to estimate accurate flow velocities (Bourouiba et al., 2014; Vansciver et al., 2011; Scharfman et al., 2016). One of the reasons this remains a demanding application is the vast range of droplet sizes that are expelled at various velocities. Here, we present an experimental framework using particle tracking to understand the flow dynamics of the expelled droplets. Three different illumination techniques were used to capture high-speed frames of different exhalations (see figure 1). The high density of droplets in case of sneezing lead to overlap of droplet trajectories with volume illumination approach, which was resolved using tailored optics to illuminate only a slice of sneeze flow. Thereafter, the image processing techniques required for precise PTV were refined to examine droplet dynamics of various exhalations (see figure 2). The techniques were applied to multiple cases of respiratory exhalations to understand subject to subject variability.

The results for sneezing revealed a mean droplet velocity of 2 m/s to 5.4 m/s across different subjects. Additionally, less than 1% of droplets were expelled at velocities greater than 10 m/s and almost 80% of were expelled at velocities less than 5 m/s. These values were substantially lower than the values usually assumed in studies modelling or replicating sneezes (Xie et al., 2007; Atkinson and Wein, 2008). The results also revealed a high variation in the droplet dynamics, even among the sneezes from the same subject. Flow direction, spread angle, and head movement were also quantified, and the results reveal substantial variation between the subjects. In the case of coughing, maximum droplet velocities observed were in the range of 10−15 m/s however, these high velocities were detected only during the initial 0.05 s.

This work addresses the critical gaps in the understanding of the respiratory transmission of infection by providing valuable data on the droplet dynamics of various exhalations, on which the experimental data was very limited in the existing literature. Furthermore, this data will aid in numerical modelling of respiratory flows, particularly for sneezes, as studies to date rely only on airflow data of the exhalations.
Gridless Determination of Aerodynamic Loads Using Lagrangian Particle Tracks
Authors: Mertens Christoph , Costa Fernández José L. , Sciacchitano Andrea , Van Oudheusden Bas W. , Sodja Jurij
Published: September 2021

The aerodynamic loads on a flexible wing in terms of the surface pressure distribution and the lift force along the span are determined experimentally based on non-intrusive Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) measurements. As the flexible wing deforms under the aerodynamic loads, its deformed shape is first reconstructed based on structural LPT measurements conducted together with the flow measurements in an integrated approach. Based on the reconstructed wing shape, flow tracers data are collected along surface normals to evaluate the surface pressure, as well as along elliptic paths around the wing to determine the circulation. The lift force is calculated from the surface pressure by integrating the pressure difference along the chord, as well as from the circulation using the Kutta-Joukowski theorem. The circulation-based lift results are in very good agreement with reference measurements from a force balance, with differences in the total lift force on the wing of less than 5%. The lift estimation based on the extrapolated surface pressure is consistently lower than the circulation-based lift, by about 10%, due to the limited accuracy of the pressure extrapolation near the leading edge region, where a considerable fraction of the lift is generated.
TANULÁSBAN AKADÁLYOZOTT GYERMEKEK KOGNITÍV FEJLESZTÉSÉNEK LEHETŐSÉGEI
Authors: Orbán Réka
Published: September 2021

Jelen tanulmány a Sindelar-Zsoldos program alkalmazását mutatja be egy tanulásban akadályozott elemi osztályos gyermek esettanulmányán keresztül. Az elméleti rész a tanulásban akadályozott tanulók kognitív struktúrájára fókuszál. A módszertani rész azt fejti ki, hogy ha a kognitív struktúra harmonikus, akkor egy tanulásban akadályozott gyermek is sikeres lehet az iskolában és a teljes inklúzió lehetségessé válik.
„HOGY EGYÜTT TISZTÁBBAN LÁSSUNK…!” VAK FIATALOK ÉS FELNŐTTEK TÖBBSZEMPONTÚ PSZICHOLÓGIAI VIZSGÁLATA
Authors: Balogh Ádám
Published: September 2021

A jelen tanulmány a látássérültek kötődési mintázatára és szorongására fókuszál a iskolák szegregált vagy integrált jellege, illetve a látás elvesztését jellemző életkor és a mód aspektusából. Minta: 86 vak személy (48 nő és 38 férfi, átlag életkor: 37,4 év; SD = 15,4 év), akiknek 50%-a szegregált, 50%-a integrált oktatásban vett részt iskolás évei alatt. Módszer: RSQ Kapcsolati kérdőív, Beck-féle Szorongás Leltár, iskolákkal és a látás vesztés idejére és módjára vonatkozó kérdések. Eredmény: a vakok között magas az elkerülő kötődésű személy, a szegregált vagy integrált képzésnek azonban nincs szignifikáns hatása sem a kötődési mintázatra, sem a szorongásra. A látás elvesztés életkorának és módjának sincs szignifikáns hatása e változókra.
IQ-PARADOXON
Authors: Mező Ferenc
Published: September 2021

Az IQ paradoxon: noha az új generációk intellektuális képességei egyre jobbak (ez az úgynevezett Flynn-effektus, az intellektuális növekedés sebessége 3 IQ-pont évtizedenként), az átlagos IQ minden generáció esetében 100 IQ marad. E cikk az IQ-paradoxon hátterének következő tényezőit mutatja be: az intelligencia fogalma, tesztjei és pontszám-típusai; és demonstrálja a Flynn-effektus sebesség-rátájának abszurd következményeit. Végül a cikk magyarázatot ad az IQ-paradoxonra.
FEJLESZTŐPROGRAMOK EGYMINTÁS LONGITUDINÁLIS VIZSGÁLATÁNAK MATEMATIKAI STATISZTIKAI HÁTTERE
Authors: Mező Ferenc , Máth János , Abari Kálmán , Mező Katalin
Published: September 2021

E tanulmány a különleges bánásmódot igénylő tanulók számára készült fejlesztőprogramok egymintás, longitudinális (például ugyanazt a tanulócsoportot évente felmérő, nyomon követéses jellegű) hatásvizsgálatának matematikai statisztikai elemzéséhez kínál módszertani útmutatót. Praktikus segítséget nyújtunk a különbségvizsgálatok matematikai statisztikai számításainak kiválasztásához, a számítások elvégzésére alkalmas R statisztikai szoftverbe írható parancssorokhoz, az R által végrehajtott számítások eredményeinek értelmezéséhez, szövegbe foglalásához.
TEHETSÉGKERESŐ ÉS -FEJLESZTŐ PROGRAMOK A MAGYARORSZÁGI REFORMÁTUS EGYHÁZ NEVELÉSI ÉS OKTATÁSI INTÉZMÉNYEIBEN
Authors: Ábrám Tibor , Sarka Ferenc
Published: September 2021

A Magyarországi Református Egyház Tehetséggondozó Stratégiája a TÁMOP-3.1.17-15-2015-0004 pályázat keretében készült melyet az Európai Szociális Alap és a magyar állam közösen finanszírozta. Jelen tanulmányban e stratégia részleteit vázoljuk fel.
FOGYATÉKKAL ÉLŐ EMBEREK ELUTASÍTÁSÁNAK ÉS ELFOGADÁSÁNAK TÖRTÉNETE NAPJAINKIG ÉS HELYZETÜK A MAI OKTATÁSI RENDSZERBEN
Authors: Erdei Norbert
Published: September 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintse a fogyatékkal élő emberek elfogadásának és elutasításának a történetét az ókortól a XXI. századik Különösen a sajátos nevelési igényű tanulók helyzetét vizsgálja 21 tanulmány összegzése alapján. Pedagógusok vitáznak, a kérdés azonban még mindig megválaszolatlan marad: melyik oktatási forma lenne kedvezőbb számukra: az integrált, vagy a szegregált?
SZÜKSÉGES…DE ELÉGSÉGES? A TÁRSADALMI INTEGRÁCIÓ MÉRÉSÉRŐL AZ EURÓPAI UNIÓBAN
Authors: Gégény János
Published: September 2021

A tanulmány hivatalos Eurostat adatokat közöl a migrációs válság néven elhíresült eseménysorozatról illetve az Európai Unión kívülről az Európai Unióba érkező bevándorlók társadalmi integrációjának mérésére használt módszereket vizsgálja. Amellett érvelek, hogy a jelenleg használt ún. Zaragoza indikátorok nem képesek a harmadik országbeli bevándorlók társadalmi integrációs folyamatának minden aspektusát lefedni, így képtelenek megfelelően átfogó képet biztosítani a szakemberek és a döntéshozók számára. Ennek alátámasztására egy kísérletben hat országra vonatkozóan (Egyesült Királyság, Németország, Hollandia, Franciaország, Belgium, Svájc ) ötvözöm a Zaragoza indikátorok  valamint az EurIslam kutatás eredményeit. Az EurIslam egy európai muszlimok és többségi társadalmak viszonyait vizsgáló kutatás, melynek megfontolásai lehetőséget kínálnak a társadalmi integráció mérésére használt indikátorok kibővítésére.