bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S
urrealism/Avant‐Garde Novel
Authors: Jenson Deborah
Published: July 2017

Surrealism itself was conceptualized by its founder André Breton as an antidote to the novel. In the first
Manifesto of Surrealism
(1924), Breton described the novel, shaped by realist and positivist conventions (see
realism
), as hostile to the growth of the reader's intellect or ethical sense. The realist novel's informational and descriptive style, epitomized by the phrase “The Marquise went out at five” (7), had all the clarity of “a dog's life” (6) and fostered characters who represented the repetitive construction of a human type in the context of a prescriptive social logic. In the face of the novel's ready‐made humans, Breton concluded: “The only discretionary power left to me is to close the book” (7). But although the Surrealists consistently aligned themselves against stasis, convention, and the psychosocial character formation that perpetuate them, they were also intrigued by the possibility of using
narrative techniques
and literary character formation to cultivate alternative experiences of the world in authors and readers. The psychic revelations of the avant‐garde novel associated with Surrealism were born of the imagination's encounter with the technology of narrative, inflected by the fields of psychiatry and neurology in which Breton had been trained.
Translation Theory
Authors: Connor Peter
Published: July 2017

Toward the end of his 1813 lecture “On the Different Methods of Translation,” Friedrich Schleiermacher refers to “an inner necessity” that has driven the German people to “translatingen masse”(28). Schleiermacher was thinking of the abundance of translations by contemporaries such as Friedrich Hölderlin, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and the brothers Wilhelm and August Schlegel, poets and scholars whose versions of Sophocles, Pindar, Aeschylus, Plato, and William Shakespeare promised to carryover into German culture “all the treasures of foreign arts and scholarship” (29). It is a noble and elevating vision of the role of translation and of the task of the translator. But another, much more authentically “mass” or “large‐scale” form of translation activity escapes Schleiermacher's notice (it is beneath his notice): driven less by “inner necessity” than by commercial interest, carried out not by renowned poets but by anonymous journeymen, the translation of the novel marks the true beginning of mass literary translation in the nineteenth century. The popular appeal of novels outside of their country of origin created an increasingly lucrative international market for publishers, who were quick to capitalize on the growing literary reputations of certain authors abroad. Within a year of its publication in 1719, Daniel Defoe'sRobinson Crusoe, taken by some (e.g., Ian Watt) to be the first novel in English, was translated into French, German, and Dutch; by the end of the nineteenth century, in addition to 277 imitations (arguably a form of translation), it had been translated 110 times, including into Hebrew, Armenian, Bengali, Persian, and Inuit (Fishelov, 343). Thanks to an army of translators, Defoe's novel reached a vast, worldwide audience for which it was not originally intended. Defoe's publishers might well have mused, along with Goethe, that “national literature is now a rather unmeaning term; the epoch of world literature is at hand” (qtd. in Damrosch, 1).
T
urkey
Authors: Göknar Erdağ
Published: July 2017

The origins of Turkish literary modernity can be traced back to a mid‐nineteenth‐century Ottoman Muslim engagement with Enlightenment ideals. The literary form of the novel appeared during the Tanzimat era of modernization, first through translations (e.g., of François Fénelon's
Têlêmaque
and Victor Hugo's
Les Misérables
in 1862 and Daniel Defoe's
Robinson Crusoe
in 1864), then through imitations that merged local form and content such as traditional
med‐dah
storytelling with the European novel. Early novels such as Şmsettin Sami's
Taaşşuk‐i Talât ve Fitnat
(1872, The Romance of Talât and Fitnat), Namik Kemal's
Intibah
(1874, The Awakening), and Ahmet Mithat Efendi's
Durdane Hanim
(1882, Miss Durdaneh) opened up a social space of self‐examination with a moral intent to guide and instruct readers in the face of European cultural encroachment. The transition from a literary modernity to a fin‐de‐siècle aesthetic of literary modernism occurred through authors like Halit Ziya U§ akhgil, who were able to emphasize aesthetic concerns and structure in novels like
Mai ve Siyah
(1897, Blue and Black) and
Aşk‐i Memnu
(1900, Illicit Love). In other words, the Ottoman novel itself was a medium of modernization. Its mediation, revision, and updating of narrative traditions in a new genre marked the beginnings of a literary modernity that persisted into the twentieth century and laid the foundation for an aesthetic of modernism that emerged more fully in the Republican era.
Typography
Authors: Kinross Robin
Published: July 2017

Novels are written in prose rather than in verse. This simple insight promises to stimulate philosophical and historical investigations into the nature of the form. But any description of what the pages of almost every novel look like is so far largely missing. When a novel's typography is mentioned it is usually to point to pages that depart in some way from the norm. The normal page is one in which lines of text are arrayed under each other to form a rectangular block surrounded by sufficient margins of unprinted paper. Outside this block of text there will be page numbers and, often, headings or “running headlines” that give the title of the book and the chapter.
Self‐falsification in multimodel unfalsified adaptive switching control
Authors: Nouri Manzar Mojtaba , Khaki‐Sedigh Ali
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses a multimodel unfalsified adaptive switching control with finite fixed time window cost function by utilizing a self‐falsification strategy. A closed‐loop stability proof is provided, and it is shown that the forgetting factor employed with finite fixed windowed cost function improves the closed‐loop performance. Furthermore, it is shown that the unfalsified adaptive control with nonmonotone cost function is unable to select the appropriate controller, and a new reset strategy is proposed to resolve this problem. The γ sequence monotonicity in the linear increasing cost‐level algorithm causes a performance deterioration, and a γ sequence reset is introduced for performance enhancement. Effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated for a nonlinear pH neutralization process and the 2‐cart benchmark example.
A Highly Stretchable Capacitive‐Based Strain Sensor Based on Metal Deposition and Laser Rastering
Authors: Atalay Ozgur , Atalay Asli , Gafford Joshua , Wang Hongqiang , Wood Robert , Walsh Conor
Published: July 2017

Wearable sensing technology is an emerging area and can be utilized for human motion monitoring, physiology monitoring, and human–machine interaction. In this paper, a new manufacturing approach is presented to create highly stretchable and soft capacitance‐based strain sensors. This involves a rapid surface modification technique based on direct‐write laser rastering to create microstructured surfaces on prestrained elastomeric sheets. Then, to impart conductivity, sputtering technology is utilized to deposit aluminum and silver metal layers on the bottom and top surfaces of the elastomer sheet, creating a soft capacitor. During benchtop characterization of the sensors, this study demonstrates that the fabricated electrodes maintain their electrical conductivity up to the 250% strain, and the sensor shows a linear and repeatable output up to 85% strain. Finally, their potential is demonstrated for monitoring human motion and respiration through their integration into a wearable arm sleeve and a thoracic belt, respectively.
Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of poly (Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) copolymer prepared via precipitation polymerization
Authors: El‐Aassar Mohamed R. , Masoud Mamdouh S. , Elkady Marwa F. , Elzain Ahmed A.
Published: July 2017

Poly (Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) (poly (St‐co‐AN) copolymer nanoparticles with controllable size are synthesized by a simple and cheap precipitation polymerization technique of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers in aqueous medium using potassium persulfate (KPS) redox initiation system. Preparation of poly (St‐co‐AN) and studying all the parameters affecting the polymerization process such as time, temperature, monomer ratio, initiator molarity, cosolvent ratio, and solvent were considered. The resultant poly (St‐co‐AN) was compared with other studies which used different comonomers with AN, the comparison was assessed by evaluating the polymer conversion yield side. Maximum polymerization conversion yield, 66.5%, was obtained with St:AN (30%:70%) comonomer ratio. The smallest particle size obtained with this method was close to 16.17 nm and controlled by variation in polymerization conditions. The structure of poly (St‐co‐AN) copolymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The morphological structure of the copolymer particles was indicated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. The polymeric particle size was studied using particle size analyzer.
Narrowing the Gap between Theoretical and Practical Capacities in Li‐Ion Layered Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Radin Maxwell D. , Hy Sunny , Sina Mahsa , Fang Chengcheng , Liu Haodong , Vinckeviciute Julija , Zhang Minghao , Whittingham M. Stanley , Meng Y. Shirley , Van der Ven Anton
Published: July 2017

Although layered lithium oxides have become the cathode of choice for state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries, substantial gaps remain between the practical and theoretical energy densities. With the aim of supporting efforts to close this gap, this work reviews the fundamental operating mechanisms and challenges of Li intercalation in layered oxides, contrasts how these challenges play out differently for different materials (with emphasis on Ni–Co–Al (NCA) and Ni–Mn–Co (NMC) alloys), and summarizes the extensive corpus of modifications and extensions to the layered lithium oxides. Particular emphasis is given to the fundamental mechanisms behind the operation and degradation of layered intercalation electrode materials as well as novel modifications and extensions, including Na‐ion and cation‐disordered materials.
ITACA: A new validated international erythropoietic stimulating agent‐response score that further refines the predictive power of previous scoring systems
Authors: Buckstein Rena , Balleari Enrico , Wells Richard , Santini Valeria , Sanna Alessandro , Salvetti Chiara , Crisà Elena , Allione Bernardino , Danise Paolo , Finelli Carlo , Clavio Marino , Poloni Antonella , Salvi Flavia , Cilloni Daniela , Oliva Esther Natalie , Musto Pellegrino , Houston Brett , Zhu Nancy , Geddes Michelle , Leitch Heather , Leber Brian , Sabloff Mitchell , Nevill Thomas J. , Yee Karen W. , Storring John M. , Francis Janika , Maurillo Luca , Latagliata Roberto , Spiriti Maria Antonietta Aloe , Andriani Alessandro , Piccioni Anna Lina , Fianchi Luana , Fenu Susanna , Gumenyuk Svitlana , Buccisano Francesco
Published: July 2017

Background

In ‘real‐life’, the Nordic score guides Erythropoietic stimulating agent (ESA) use in lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with predicted response rates of 25% or 74%. As new treatments emerge, a more discriminating score is needed.

Objectives

To validate existing ESA predictive scores and develop a new score that identifies non‐responders.

Methods

ESA‐treated patients were identified in 3 MDS registries in Italy and Canada (FISM 555, GROM 233, and MDS‐CAN 208). Clinical and disease‐related variables were captured. Nordic, MDS‐CAN, and IPSS‐R‐based ESA scores were calculated and documented ESA responses compared.

Results

996 ESA‐treated patients were identified. Overall response rate (ORR) was 59%. The database was randomly divided into balanced derivation (n = 463) and validation (n = 462) cohorts. By multivariate analysis, transfusion independence, erythropoietin (EPO) level <100 IU/L, and IPSS low‐risk were independently predictive of response. Assigning a score of 1 to each resulted in a scoring system of 0‐3 with response rates of 23%, 43%, 67%, and 85%. ORR was concordant in the validation cohort. The ‘ITACA’ score had the highest discriminating power of response.

Conclusion

ITACA is an internally‐validated predictive SS of ESA response in real‐life ‘good risk’ MDS patients derived from a large international dataset that surpasses others. The incorporation of biologic markers to better identify non‐responders is still needed.
Advances in Aza‐Claisen‐Rearrangement‐Induced Ring‐Expansion Strategies
Authors: Jung Jong‐Wha , Kim Seok‐Ho , Suh Young‐Ger
Published: July 2017

The aza‐Claisen rearrangement, also known as the 3‐aza‐Cope rearrangement, has attracted significant attention because it can be used as a complimentary method to access a diverse range of useful organic molecules. The presence of a nitrogen atom at the 3‐position enables the tethering of various‐sized azacycles, thereby giving ring‐expansion strategies that take advantage of the aza‐Claisen rearrangement a distinct advantage compared to other [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements. Recent advances in aza‐Claisen rearrangements have facilitated otherwise‐inaccessible ring expansions in a highly stereoselective manner. The utility of aza‐Claisen‐rearrangement‐induced ring‐expansion strategies has been exemplified in the synthesis of a diverse range of natural products. This Focus Review summarizes recent advances in aza‐Claisen‐rearrangement‐induced ring‐expansion strategy, in particular applications in the synthesis of bioactive alkaloids.
Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C1 Products by Using Modified‐Semiconductor‐Based Catalyst Systems
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Maiti Debabrata , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: July 2017

Recent developments in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 have helped to harness its potential as a versatile feedstock for the generation of alternative fuels. In this regard, the emergence of hybrid semiconductor‐based photocathodes in conjunction with metal cocatalysts, metal fabrications, and other photoanodes are noteworthy, owing to their efficient catalytic conversions and appreciable selectivities. Since its discovery in 1978, a series of reports have aided the production of CO, HCOOH, MeOH, and CH4 through the reduction of CO2 by using hybrid semiconductor‐based systems. This Focus Review highlights some of the major developments from the past few years with the aim of fostering further scientific perception of the true potential of this research area and encouraging future research investigations.
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: Techniques and Reactions
Authors: Wentrup Curt
Published: July 2017

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) had its beginnings in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly through mass spectrometric detection of pyrolytically formed free radicals. In the 1960s many organic chemists started performing FVP experiments with the purpose of isolating new and interesting compounds and understanding pyrolysis processes. Meanwhile, many different types of apparatus and techniques have been developed, and it is the purpose of this review to present the most important methods as well as a survey of typical reactions and observations that can be achieved with the various techniques. This includes preparative FVP, chemical trapping reactions, matrix isolation, and low temperature spectroscopy of reactive intermediates and unstable molecules, the use of online mass, photoelectron, microwave, and millimeterwave spectroscopies, gas‐phase laser pyrolysis, pulsed pyrolysis with supersonic jet expansion, very low pressure pyrolysis for kinetic investigations, solution‐spray and falling‐solid FVP for involatile compounds, and pyrolysis over solid supports and reagents. Moreover, the combination of FVP with matrix isolation and photochemistry is a powerful tool for investigations of reaction mechanism.
Synthetic essentiality: Targeting tumor suppressor deficiencies in cancer
Authors: Zhao Di , DePinho Ronald A.
Published: July 2017

In this review, we summarize recent work exploring a novel conceptual approach termed “synthetic essentiality” as a means for targeting specific tumor suppressor gene deficiencies in cancer. With the aid of extensive publically available cancer genome and clinical databases, “synthetic essentiality” could be utilized to identify synthetic essential genes, which might be occasionally deleted in some cancers but almost always retained in the context of a specific tumor suppressor deficiency. Synthetic essentiality expands the existing concepts for therapeutic strategies, including oncogene addiction, tumor maintenance, synthetic, and collateral lethality, to provide a framework for the discovery of cancer‐specific vulnerabilities. Enabled by ever‐expanding large‐scale genome datasets and genome‐scale functional screens, the “synthetic essentiality” framework provides an avenue for the identification of context‐specific therapeutic targets and development of patient responder hypotheses for novel and existing therapies.
The Power of Stakeholders' Voice: The Effects of Social Media Activism on Stock Markets
Authors: Gomez‐Carrasco Pablo , Michelon Giovanna
Published: July 2017

Building on social movement theory, this study assesses the influence of social media activism on the stock market performance of targeted firms. We focus on information published on Twitter by two critical stakeholders: consumer associations and trade unions. To the extent that social media represent a valid medium to mobilize stakeholders' activism, protests on Twitter may damage firm reputation, leading to capital market reactions. Using a corpus of over 1.5 million tweets referring to Spanish listed banks, we study the impact of activism by looking at targeted firms' abnormal variations in price and trading volume. Our findings suggest that the Twitter activism of key stakeholders has a significant impact on investors' decisions. Further, our empirical analyses indicate that the mechanisms affecting investors' behavior differ depending on the characteristics of the stakeholder group. Hence, this study contributes to understanding how social movements influence corporate behavior via social media. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Application of iterative robust model‐based optimal experimental design for the calibration of biocatalytic models
Authors: Van Daele Timothy , Gernaey Krist V. , Ringborg Rolf H. , Börner Tim , Heintz Søren , Van Hauwermeiren Daan , Grey Carl , Krühne Ulrich , Adlercreutz Patrick , Nopens Ingmar
Published: July 2017

The aim of model calibration is to estimate unique parameter values from available experimental data, here applied to a biocatalytic process. The traditional approach of first gathering data followed by performing a model calibration is inefficient, since the information gathered during experimentation is not actively used to optimize the experimental design. By applying an iterative robust model‐based optimal experimental design, the limited amount of data collected is used to design additional informative experiments. The algorithm is used here to calibrate the initial reaction rate of an ω‐transaminase catalyzed reaction in a more accurate way. The parameter confidence region estimated from the Fisher Information Matrix is compared with the likelihood confidence region, which is not only more accurate but also a computationally more expensive method. As a result, an important deviation between both approaches is found, confirming that linearization methods should be applied with care for nonlinear models. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1278–1293, 2017
A qualitative investigation of staff's practical, personal and philosophical barriers to the implementation of a web‐based platform in a child mental health setting
Authors: Town Rosa , Midgley Nick , Ellis Louise , Tempest Rebecca , Wolpert Miranda
Published: July 2017

Aim

To provide an understanding of the factors that discouraged staff members from using a new web‐based platform (CAMHSweb) with young people in a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Although evidence‐based service improvement technology like CAMHSweb is becoming more common in child mental health, the staff‐level barriers to the use of web‐based platforms have not been explored in depth in the literature.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews with six employees were carried out in a London‐based child mental health service that a preliminary audit had identified as having a poor utilisation of the platform. All participants had previously been invited to use the platform as part of their clinical work. Results were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006).

Findings

Three overarching themes covered staff's practical, personal and philosophical barriers to implementation. Interviewees believed that CAMHSweb was too challenging to implement, that it was not an asset to therapists, and that it interfered with the therapeutic process.

Discussion and Implications

These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the multiple factors that may discourage clinicians from using web‐based platforms. This may have implications for researchers or practitioners who aim to design or implement technology in child mental health services.
Isomer Dependence on the Reactivity of Diazenes with Pentaphenylborole
Authors: Adiraju Venkata A. K. , Martin Caleb D.
Published: July 2017

Reactions of the anti‐aromatic pentaphenylborole with diazenes indicate that both the substitution and the isomer influence the reaction outcome. With respect to trans isomers, azobenzene underwent coordination and C−H addition across the diene of the borole, and 2′,6′‐dimethylazobenzene furnished a fused tricyclic system. Under photolytic conditions, both of the aforementioned diazenes generate the first 1,3,2‐diazaborepin heterocycles, rationalized through reactivity with the cis isomers. This notion is corroborated by the reaction of pentaphenylborole with benzo[c]cinnoline, the tethered variant of azobenzene, that only exists as the cis conformer as the corresponding 1,3,2‐diazaborepin was produced regardless if the reaction is conducted in the dark or light. The more aromatic pyridazine proved to be less reactive, forming a resilient adduct.
Ultrafast Molecular Rotors and Their CO2 Tuning in MOFs with Rod‐Like Ligands
Authors: Bracco Silvia , Castiglioni Fabio , Comotti Angiolina , Galli Simona , Negroni Mattia , Maspero Angelo , Sozzani Piero
Published: July 2017

A metal organic framework (MOF) engineered to contain in its scaffold rod‐like struts featuring ultrafast molecular rotors showed extremely rapid 180 ° flip reorientation with rotational rates of 1011 Hz at 150 K. Crystal‐pore accessibility of the MOF allowed the CO2 molecules to enter the cavities and control the rotor spinning speed down to 105 Hz at 150 K. Rotor dynamics, as modulated by CO2 loading/unloading in the porous crystals, was described by proton T1 and 2H NMR spectroscopy. This strategy enabled the regulation of rotary motion by the diffusion of the gas within the channels and the determination of the energetics of rotary dynamics in the presence of CO2.
Meta‐Selective C−H Arylation of Aromatic Alcohols with a Readily Attachable and Cleavable Molecular Scaffold
Authors: Li Qiankun , Ferreira Eric M.
Published: July 2017

The first example of meta‐selective C−H arylations of arene alcohol‐based substrates is described. The strategy involves the combination of the transient norbornene strategy with the quinoline‐based acetal scaffold to achieve the formation of biaryl compounds. Both a two‐step meta‐arylation/scaffold cleavage process and a total telescoping procedure are described, highlighting the convenient attributes of attachment, removal, and recovery of the acetal scaffold. Moreover, the meta‐arylated compounds can be further derivatized via ortho‐selective functionalizations. These processes establish a foundation for catalytic polyfunctionalization of alcohol‐based compounds.
Emergent chemodiversity: The case of stereoisomerism in acyclic alkanes
Authors: Testa Bernard
Published: July 2017

The objective of this pen‐and‐paper study is to witness the emergence of stereoisomeric properties when comparing lower to higher families of homologs. Specifically, the study compares all acyclic hexanes (five constitutional isomers, a.k.a. regioisomers), all nine heptanes, all 18 octanes, all 35 nonanes, and all 75 decanes. The first part of the work examines the nature and number of stereoisomeric properties seen to emerge in chemical structures featuring one chiral center (i.e., enantiomerism) or two such centers, in which case more complex stereoisomeric features emerge (enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, pseudoasymmetry, andmeso‐isomers). The first emergence of chirality (i.e., enantiomerism) occurred in some heptanes. Diastereoisomerism andmeso‐isomers appear with some octanes, while a pseudoasymmetric center exists in a decane regioisomer. The second part of the work is an attempt to rationalize the numbers of regioisomers, chiral centers, and stereoisomers as these numbers grow from one family of regioisomers to the higher ones. Far from being random, such increases prove regular and ordered.
Development of the anterior visual input pathway to the Drosophila central complex
Authors: Lovick Jennifer K. , Omoto Jaison J. , Ngo Kathy T. , Hartenstein Volker
Published: July 2017

The anterior visual pathway (AVP) conducts visual information from the medulla of the optic lobe via the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) and bulb (BU) to the ellipsoid body (EB) of the central complex. The anatomically defined neuron classes connecting the AOTU, BU, and EB represent discrete lineages, genetically and developmentally specified sets of cells derived from common progenitors (Omoto et al., Current Biology, 27, 1098–1110, 2017). In this article, we have analyzed the formation of the AVP from early larval to adult stages. The immature fiber tracts of the AVP, formed by secondary neurons of lineages DALcl1/2 and DALv2, assemble into structurally distinct primordia of the AOTU, BU, and EB within the late larval brain. During the early pupal period (P6–P48) these primordia grow in size and differentiate into the definitive subcompartments of the AOTU, BU, and EB. The primordium of the EB has a complex composition. DALv2 neurons form the anterior EB primordium, which starts out as a bilateral structure, then crosses the midline between P6 and P12, and subsequently bends to adopt the ring shape of the mature EB. Columnar neurons of the central complex, generated by the type II lineages DM1‐4, form the posterior EB primordium. Starting out as an integral part of the fan‐shaped body primordium, the posterior EB primordium moves forward and merges with the anterior EB primordium. We document the extension of neuropil glia around the nascent EB and BU, and analyze the relationship of primary and secondary neurons of the AVP lineages.
On Atoms‐in‐Molecules Energies from Kohn–Sham Calculations
Authors: Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent
Published: July 2017

Herein, we discuss three methods to partition the total molecular energy into additive atomic contributions within the framework of Bader's atoms‐in‐molecules theory and in the particular context of Kohn–Sham density functional theory. The first method is derived from the virial theorem, whereas the two other schemes, termed “standard” and “model”, are based on Pendás’ interacting‐quantum‐atoms decomposition. The methods are then compared for a dataset of molecules of interest for direct application in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Finally, the relevance of the three methods for the prediction of intrinsic reactivity properties (e.g., electrophilicity) or for unravelling the nature of chemical bonding (e.g., in halogen bonds, beyond the pure electrostatic point of view), is examined and paves the way for their more systematic use for the in silico design of new reactants.
Experiencing health‐related quality of life in paediatric short stature – a cross‐cultural analysis of statements from patients and parents
Authors: Sommer Rachel , Bullinger Monika , Chaplin John , Do Ju‐ky , Power Mick , Pleil Andreas , Quitmann Julia
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Direct assessment of the patient perspective is necessary to thoroughly understand patients' experiences of disease. We aimed to examine information from children with short stature on their perceived HrQoL within 5 European countries.

Methods

Patients, identified through clinical databases, were approached by their clinicians according to the inclusion criteria regarding a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature and age requirements. A focus group methodology was applied in 84 children and 112 parents. Based on a category system, individual statements were allocated to domains. To evaluate the emerging topics, qualitative content analysis was conducted. Domains and respective coding frequencies per category were compared across countries and respondents.

Results

The highest number of statements produced by the children and parents were related to social (29%) and emotional needs and concerns (28%). In particular, children stressed their experience of social exclusion but also their perception of social support. Regarding emotional needs, they stated mainly the desire to be taller in order to be less teased by peers. National differences were identified, for example, Swedish (22%) and British (16%) children and their parents (Sweden 26%; Britain 23%) stressed physical HrQoL aspects, whereas German children (21%) strongly focused on treatment aspects, mainly the benefit of treatment.

Conclusion

Comprehensive knowledge of the impact of a chronic condition such as short stature on wellbeing is an important precondition of effective treatment. Because socioemotional topics were rated in all the countries to be most important, interventions aimed at improving HrQoL should target social and emotional responses to short stature.
Blue‐Emitting Electron‐Donor/Acceptor Dyads for Naked‐Eye Fluorescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Kohara Reiko , Yuyama Ken‐ichi , Shigeri Yasushi , Biju Vasudevanpillai
Published: July 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. V. Biju at the Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University (Japan). The image shows an electron‐donor/acceptor molecular sensor that sensitively responds to UV light or singlet oxygen and emits intense blue light. The butterfly wings carry the sensor and its fluorescent reaction products, and the butterfly bodies represent solutions of products. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201700046.
Do Short‐ and Long‐Term Environmental Investments Follow the Same Path?
Authors: de Sousa Gabriel Vítor Manuel , Rodeiro‐Pazos David
Published: July 2017

The degree of connection and integration between stock market indices is crucial to identifying the potential benefits associated with international diversification. However, there have been no findings on relationships between sustainability indices. The present study analyses the existence of equilibrium between short‐ and long‐term environmentally sustainable investments through Johansen cointegration tests and based on a model of asymmetric multivariate conditional heteroscedasticity. We selected indices for five segments of environmental investment (alternative energy, clean technology, green building, sustainable water, and pollution prevention) and applied a time period of roughly nine years. The obtained results show that over the long term, the indices' behaviour is autonomous, creating opportunities to diversify investment. Over the short term, environmental segments exhibit similar behaviour, approaching behaviours described by conventional indices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Promoted by 3 D Nanoarchitectured Turbostratic δ‐MnOx on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Biaobiao , Li Yuanyuan , Valvo Mario , Fan Lizhou , Daniel Quentin , Zhang Peili , Wang Linqin , Sun Licheng
Published: July 2017

The development of manganese‐based water oxidation electrocatalysts is desirable for the production of solar fuels, as manganese is earth‐abundant, inexpensive, non‐toxic, and has been employed by the Photosystem II in nature for a billion years. Herein, we directly constructed a 3 D nanoarchitectured turbostratic δ‐MnOx on carbon nanotube‐modified nickel foam (MnOx/CNT/NF) by electrodeposition and a subsequent annealing process. The MnOx/CNT/NF electrode gives a benchmark catalytic current density (10 mA cm−2) at an overpotential (η) of 270 mV under alkaline conditions. A steady current density of 19 mA cm−2 is obtained during electrolysis at 1.53 V for 1.0 h. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the most efficient manganese‐oxide‐based water oxidation electrode and demonstrates that manganese oxides, as a structural and functional model of oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II, can also become comparable to those of most Ni‐ and Co‐based catalysts.
Separate and coincident expression of Hes1 and Hes5 in the developing mouse eye
Authors: Riesenberg Amy N. , Conley Kevin W. , Le Tien T. , Brown Nadean L.
Published: July 2017

Background: Notch signaling is broadly required during embryogenesis, frequently activating the transcription of two basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, Hes1 and Hes5. But, it remains unresolved when and where Hes1 and Hes5 act alone or together during development. Here, we analyzed a Hes5‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse, as a proxy for endogenous Hes5. We directly compared transgenic GFP expression with Hes1, and particular markers of embryonic lens and retina development. Results: Hes5‐GFP is dynamic within subsets of retinal and lens progenitor cells, and differentiating retinal ganglion neurons, in contrast to Hes1 found in all progenitor cells. In the adult retina, only Müller glia express Hes5‐GFP. Finally, Hes5‐GFP is up‐regulated in Hes1 germline mutants, consistent with previous demonstration that Hes1 suppresses Hes5 transcription. Conclusions: Hes5‐GFP BAC transgenic mice are useful for identifying Hes5‐expressing cells. Although Hes5‐GFP and Hes1 are coexpressed in particular developmental contexts, we also noted cohorts of lens or retinal cells expressing just one factor. The dynamic Hes5‐GFP expression pattern, coupled with its derepressed expression in Hes1 mutants, suggests that this transgene contains the relevant cis‐regulatory elements that regulate endogenous Hes5 in the mouse lens and retina. Developmental Dynamics 247:212–221, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting the abundance of forest types across the eastern United States through inverse modelling of tree demography
Authors: Vanderwel Mark C. , Rozendaal Danaë M. A. , Evans Margaret E. K.
Published: July 2017

Global environmental change is expected to induce widespread changes in the geographic distribution and biomass of forest communities. Impacts have been projected from both empirical (statistical) and mechanistic (physiology‐based) modelling approaches, but there remains an important gap in accurately predicting abundance across species' ranges from spatial variation in individual‐level demographic processes. We address this issue by using a cohort‐based forest dynamics model (CAIN) to predict spatial variation in the abundance of six plant functional types (PFTs) across the eastern United States. The model simulates tree‐level growth, mortality, and recruitment, which we parameterized from data on both individual‐level demographic rates and population‐level abundance using Bayesian inverse modelling. Across a set of 1° grid cells, we calibrated local growth, mortality, and recruitment rates for each PFT to obtain a close match between predicted age‐specific PFT basal area in forest stands and that observed in 46,603 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. The resulting models produced a strong fit to PFT basal area across the region (R2 = 0.66–0.87), captured successional changes in PFT composition with stand age, and predicted the overall stem diameter distribution well. The mortality rates needed to accurately predict basal area were consistently higher than observed mortality, possibly because sampling effects led to biased individual‐level mortality estimates across spatially heterogeneous plots. Growth and recruitment rates did not show consistent directional changes from observed values. Relative basal area was most strongly influenced by recruitment processes, but the effects of growth and mortality tended to increase as stands matured. Our study illustrates how both top‐down (population‐level) and bottom‐up (individual‐level) data can be combined to predict variation in abundance from size, environmental, and competitive effects on tree demography. Evidence for how demographic processes influence variation in abundance, as provided by our model, can help in understanding how these forests may respond to future environmental change.
The Global Norm of Large Marine Protected Areas: Explaining variable adoption and implementation
Authors: Alger Justin , Dauvergne Peter
Published: July 2017

Since 2006, governments have designated or announced 18 marine protected areas (MPAs) larger than 200 000 km2. Before then there was only one: Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, established in 1975. To explain this marked shift in state governance of marine biodiversity, this article points to the importance of a gradual strengthening over the past decade of a global norm that large MPAs, especially no‐take reserves, are valuable for meeting conservation objectives and targets. As is true for most global environmental norms, the large MPA norm emerged primarily out of civil society, especially from groups framing large MPAs as an effective way to help stop ocean decline. Importantly, however, the article demonstrates that the adoption of this norm is uneven across states, and implementation of large MPAs varies widely as governmental and non‐governmental forces interact – sometimes clashing, sometimes cooperating – with fishing, tourism and resource industries. For evidence, this article draws on fieldwork and 74 interviews across five large MPA cases: Papahānaumokouākea (2006) and the Pacific Remote Islands in the US (2009); the Coral Sea in Australia (2012); the Palau National Marine Sanctuary (2015); and the UK's Pitcairn reserve (2015). A comparative analysis of these cases reveals the influence of non‐governmental groups (especially The Pew Charitable Trusts and the National Geographic Society) on the gradual strengthening of the large MPA norm; the importance of the large MPA norm for the formation of marine policy; and the significance of domestic political economies for shaping variable norm adoption and state implementation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Haemodynamic monitoring of cardiac status using heart sounds from an implanted cardiac device
Authors: Thakur Pramodsingh H. , An Qi , Swanson Lynne , Zhang Yi , Gardner Roy S.
Published: July 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic correlates of heart sound (HS) parameters such as third HS (S3), first HS (S1), and HS‐based systolic time intervals (HSTIs) from an implantable cardiac device.

Methods and results

Two unique animal models (10 swine with myocardial ischaemia and 11 canines with pulmonary oedema) were used to evaluate haemodynamic correlates of S1, S3, and HSTIs, namely, HS‐based pre‐ejection period (HSPEP), HS‐based ejection time (HSET), and the ratio HSPEP/HSET during acute haemodynamic perturbations. The HS was measured using implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator devices simultaneously with haemodynamic references such as left atrial (LA) pressure and left ventricular (LV) pressure. In the ischaemia model, S1 amplitude (r = 0.76 ± 0.038; P = 0.002), HSPEP (r = −0.56 ± 0.07; P = 0.002), and HSPEP/HSET (r = −0.42 ± 0.1; P = 0.002) were significantly correlated with LV dP/dtmax. In contrast, HSET was poorly correlated with LV dP/dtmax (r = 0.14 ± 0.14; P = 0.23). In the oedema model, a physiological delayed response was observed in S3 amplitude after acute haemodynamic perturbations. After adjusting for the delay, S3 amplitude significantly correlated with LA pressure in individual animals (r = 0.71 ± 0.07; max: 0.92; min: 0.17) as well as in aggregate (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). The S3 amplitude was able to detect elevated LA pressure, defined as >25 mmHg, with a sensitivity = 58% and specificity = 90%.

Conclusions

The HS parameters such as S1, S3, and HSTIs measured using implantable devices significantly correlated with haemodynamic changes in acute animal models, suggesting potential utility for remote heart failure patient monitoring.
Design and Synthesis of Mesoporous Honeycomb‐Like CoP/Co2P Hybrids as Anode with a High Cyclic Stability in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Qing , Ru Qiang , Wang Bei , Zhang Peng , Hou Xianhua , Ling Francis Chi‐Chung
Published: July 2017

In this work, a multistep synthetic strategy was exploited to fabricate a new honeycomb‐like metallic phosphide nanohybrid (CoP/Co2P) based on an evaporating reduction and calcination approach. We characterized the as‐prepared samples in terms of crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance by using XRD, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, TEM, charge–discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the CoP/Co2P hybrid anode demonstrated a good capacity retention with a specific capacity of 851.2 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 450 cycles and a reversible capacity of 590 mAh g−1 at a high charge/discharge current density of 1000 mA g−1.
Production of Biosurfactants by Hydrocarbons degrading bacteria isolated from Soummam watershed Sediments of Bejaia in Algeria
Authors: Yalaoui‐Guellal Drifa , Brahmi Fatiha , Touati Abdelaziz , De Champs Christophe , Banat Ibrahim M. , Madani Khodir
Published: July 2017

Hydrocarbons degrading bacteria were isolated from sediments of the Soummam watershed of Bejaia (Algeria). Eleven bacteria strains were isolated using an enrichment technique, method in mineral salt medium, with various hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. The biodegradation confirmation of various hydrocarbons by these isolates was tested by hole‐plate diffusion technique. Out of eleven cultures, nine had shown the growth around the holes. The isolates were screened for biosurfactant producing using oil spreading test and emulsification activity. The value of emulsification activity varied from 55.7 ± 1.1 to 78.5 ± 0.5%. The diameter of clear zone obtained varied between 20.7 ± 1.2 mm and 33.7 ± 1.2 mm, it was hence important compared to the negative control. Five bacterial strains were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis, Ochrobactrum, Cellulosimicrobium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Rhodococcus ruber by using physiochemical characterization and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry tools. The best production of crude biosurfactant by the identified bacterial strains was found in R. ruber which produced 6.7 ± 0.1 g/L of the crude biosurfactant after 168 h incubation in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 2% of glucose and 0.1 g/L of yeast extract. The biosurfactant produced by all bacterial strains showed a high emulsification index (E24), where P. stutzeri revealed the highest one (92.2 ± 1.1%). © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 189–195, 2018
Exploring Types of Family Environments in Youth with Eating Disorders
Authors: Darrow Sabrina M. , Accurso Erin C. , Nauman Emily R. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel
Published: July 2017

While many studies have explored the relationship between different eating disorder diagnoses and the familial social environment, current evidence does not support associations between distinct family interaction patterns (e.g. high enmeshment) and particular diagnoses (e.g. anorexia nervosa). The current study seeks to move beyond the current literature to explore whether empirically derived subtypes of family environment are associated with clinical features within a transdiagnostic sample of youth seeking treatment for eating disorders (n = 123). Latent class modelling of the Family Environment Scale identified three classes (i.e. different Family Environment Scale profiles): (1) Control‐Oriented; (2) System Maintenance‐Oriented; and (3) Conflict‐Oriented. Data are presented to characterize the classes (e.g. age, gender, rates of different eating disorders, severity of eating disorder pathology and rates of comorbid disorders). These preliminary results suggest that family interaction types may help personalize treatment for eating disorders and encourage future research to guide such efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The co‐regulatory networks of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and miRNAs in colorectal cancer
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Mullany Lila E. , Samowitz Wade S. , Sevens John R. , Sakoda Lori , Wolff Roger K.
Published: July 2017

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (OG) are involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNAs also contribute to cellular pathways leading to cancer. We use data from 217 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases to evaluate differences in TSGs and OGs expression between paired CRC and normal mucosa and evaluate how TSGs and OGs are associated with miRNAs. Gene expression data from RNA‐Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were used. We focus on genes most strongly associated with CRC (fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 or ≤0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Of the 74 TSGs evaluated, 22 were associated with carcinoma/normal mucosa differential expression. Ten TSGs were up‐regulated (FAM123B, RB1, TP53, RUNX1, MSH2, BRCA1, BRCA2,SOX9, NPM1, andRNF43);six TSGs were down‐regulated (PAX5, IZKF1, GATA3, PRDM1, TET2, andCYLD); four were associated with MSI tumors (MLH1, PTCH1,andCEBPAdown‐regulated andMSH6up‐regulated); and two were associated with MSS tumors (PHF6andASXL1up‐regulated). Thirteen of these TSGs were associated with 44 miRNAs. Twenty‐seven of the 59 OGs evaluated were dysregulated: 14 down‐regulated (KLF4, BCL2, SSETBP1, FGFR2, TSHR, MPL, KIT, PDGFRA, GNA11, GATA2, FGFR3, AR, CSF1R, and JAK3), seven up‐regulated (DNMT1, EZH2, PTPN11, SKP2, CCND1, MET, and MYC); three down‐regulated for MSI (FLT3, CARD11, and ALK); two up‐regulated for MSI (IDH2 and HRAS); and one up‐regulated with MSS tumors (CTNNB1). These findings suggest possible co‐regulatory function between TSGs, OGs, and miRNAs, involving both direct and indirect associations that operate through feedback and feedforward loops.