bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF COTTAGE CHEESE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD*
Authors: Lyons P. Robert , Mallmann W. L.
Published: December 2018

Bacterial contamination of public health significance was determined on 150 samples of market cottage cheese. The study was made over a period of one year, and the packaged cheese was obtained from eight different manufacturers.

Line runs were made at the dairy plants to determine the exact areas of contamination in the manufacturing process.

Various pathogenic organisms were introduced into cottage cheese to determine if cottage cheese would support the growth of such organisms or if it could act as a means of transmission of such pathogens.
IODINE BACTERICIDES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY*
Authors: Lazarus N. E.
Published: December 2018

A new development in dairy sanitation resulting from the combination of elemental iodine with non-ionic surfactants. The latter as carriers provide a solubilizing medium for the elemental iodine which favorably modifies the undesirable properties of iodine. The well-known germicidal efficiency of iodine is retained.

The products, known commercially as IOSAN for dairy farm sanitation, and IOBAC for plant germicidal use, were thoroughly checked by laboratory and field tests to meet federal agencies, and state and municipality health department requirements.

Both products have received a favorable reception by health authorities and the dairy industry.
A COMPARISON OF SIX METHODS OF PREPARING AND USING THE METHYLENE BLUE STAIN FOR BACTERIAL COUNTS BY THE DIRECT MICROSCOPIC METHOD*
Authors: Mantel Nathan , Robertson A. H.
Published: December 2018

A cooperative study, involving 12 federal, state, local, and private laboratories throughout the country, was conducted to evaluate six methods of preparing and using the methylene blue stain for the direct microscopic count of bacteria in milk. Three of the six methods were found superior, yielding significantly higher bacteria counts, at the same time providing greater ease in counting. These three methods are: Levine and Black's acid-and-water-free stain; North's aniline oil stain; and Anderson's polychrome stain.
ARE YOUR FIELD CALLS PAYING?*
Authors: Yeager Carl J.
Published: December 2018

A discussion of some of the fundamental principles that are involved in the economics of the mission of a fieldman. One whose duty has been mistakenly classed as “unnecessary and unessential”; a job of conglomerating duties whose expense can run as high as 85 to 90 percent of the total cost of procurement; a job that demands a thorough understanding of the character of people and a man whose integrity and principles are unquestionable; yet a job and duty whose salary today is very little more than it was twenty years ago. Chart and figures with brief notations are used to illustrate the importance and need for correct and adequate records.
A REPORT ON A SERIES OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING SEMINARS FOR MILK SANITARIANS AND MILK INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES CONDUCTED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH DURING JULY, 1953
Authors: Adams Harold S. , Schlegel John M.
Published: December 2018

This article describes a series of in-service type training seminars for milk sanitarians and industry quality control men which were sponsored by the Division of Dairy Products, Indiana State Board of Health. These seminars gave particular attention to current milk sanitation problems and new developments in the field of milk production.

Participants included industry sanitarians, Veterinarians, County Agricultural Agents and Dairy Technologist.

The plan of operation may prove useful to milk control officials in other areas.
INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES IN MILK1
Authors: Wilkowske H. H. , Krienke W. A.
Published: December 2018

The potential bacteria growth inhibitors in milk are residues from chemical sanitizers, residues from “sulfa” drugs used therapeutically, residues from antibiotics, bacteriophages and others. The action of each of these inhibitory substances with respect to plate counts and lactic acid development are graphically illustrated and discussed with respect to related work by others, reviewed here in some detail. The presence of various inhibitory substances in milk apparently is sufficiently widespread to warrant considerable concern. It is concluded that every effort should be made to prevent the antibacterial agents from gaining entrance into milk.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS BULK MILK TANKS1 2
Authors: Witzel S. A. , Cramer C. O.
Published: December 2018

Studies indicate that power required for ice bank bulk milk tanks averaged about 1.0 kw-hr per cwt. of milk while direct expansion tanks averaged 0.65. Both compare favorably with 2.0 for mechanical can coolers cooling to the same temperatures. Lower purchase prices for ice bank coolers may offset most of the power increase over the direct expansion type. Some ice bank tanks were underpowered and same had insufficient ice bank capacity to complete milk cooling to 40° F. within two hours after milking. One direct expansion tank using air cooling only did not meet this cooling requirement when operating in the 84° to 88° F. temperature range.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA IN THE KEEPING QUALITY OF COMMERCIALLY PASTEURIZED AND HOMOGENIZED MILK*
Authors: Boyd J. C. , Smith C. K. , Trout G. M.
Published: December 2018

Commercially pasteurized and homogenized milk, collected during the summer, fall, and winter months and stored at 40° F and 33° F, was studied for keeping quality.

When the storage temperature was lowered from 40° to 33° F, the keeping quality was found to be extended 11 to 14 days. The keeping quality of the milk stored at 40° F, when based upon the development of psychrophilic bacteria up to the 50,000 per milliliter standard, was lower than when based on the deterioration of flavor to a score of 37. The keeping quality of the milk stored at 33° F was found to be approximately the same when judged by either criterion.

The keeping quality of the milk samples collected in the fall and winter was poorer than those collected in the summer. This difference was greater when the samples were stored at 33° F than when stored at 40° F.

No oxidized flavors were encountered in these milk samples. The deterioration of flavor was closely associated with the growth of psychrophilic bacteria in all samples.
OBSERVATIONS ON TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN PASTEURIZED MILK DURING BOTTLING, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Ratzlaff Alfred
Published: December 2018

Studies indicate that temperatures to which milk is cooled after pasteurization and before packaging are vitally important since storage room temperatures reduce the temperature of packaged milk very slowly. These studies also indicate that milk, when subjected to warm temperatures, increased in temperature to a point which might be considered harmful in a comparatively short time. A limited survey of open display cabinets indicated that temperatures varied at different points within the cabinets to a degree which could be harmful to the keeping quality of milk, especially if the cabinets are over-loaded.
The influence of particle composition upon the evolution of urban ultrafine diesel particles on the neighbourhood scale
Authors: Nikolova Irina , Cai Xiaoming , Alam Mohammed Salim , Zeraati-Rezaei Soheil , Zhong Jian , MacKenzie A. Rob , Harrison Roy M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A recent study demonstrated that diesel particles in urban air
undergo evaporative shrinkage when advected to a cleaner atmosphere (Harrison
et al., 2016). We explore, in a structured and systematic way, the
sensitivity of nucleation-mode diesel particles (diameter < 30 nm) to
changes in particle composition, saturation vapour pressure, and the mass
accommodation coefficient. We use a multicomponent aerosol microphysics
model based on surrogate molecule (C16−C32 n-alkane)
volatilities. For standard atmospheric conditions (298 K, 1013.25 hPa), and
over timescales (ca. 100 s) relevant for dispersion on the neighbourhood
scale (up to 1 km), the choice of a particular vapour pressure dataset
changes the range of compounds that are appreciably volatile by two to six carbon
numbers. The nucleation-mode peak diameter, after 100 s of model runtime, is
sensitive to the vapour pressure parameterisations for particles with
compositions centred on surrogate molecules between C22H46 and
C24H50. The vapour pressure range, derived from published data,
is between 9.23 × 10−3 and 8.94 × 10−6 Pa for
C22H46 and between 2.26 × 10−3 and
2.46 × 10−7 Pa for C24H50. Therefore, the vapour pressures of
components in this range are critical for the modelling of
nucleation-mode aerosol dynamics on the neighbourhood scale and need to be
better constrained. Laboratory studies have shown this carbon number fraction
to derive predominantly from engine lubricating oil. The accuracy of vapour
pressure data for other (more and less volatile) components from laboratory
experiments is less critical. The influence of a core of non-volatile
material is also considered; non-volatile core fractions of more than 5 %
are inconsistent with the field measurements that we test the model against. We
consider mass accommodation coefficient values less than unity and find
that model runs with more volatile vapour pressure parameterisations and
lower accommodation coefficients are similar to runs with less volatile
vapour pressure parameterisations and higher accommodation coefficients. The
new findings of this study may also be used to identify semi-volatile
organic compound (SVOC) compositions that play dominating roles in the
evaporative shrinkage of the nucleation mode observed in field measurements
(Dall'Osto et al., 2011).
Two years of online measurement of fine particulate nitrate in the western Yangtze River Delta: influences of thermodynamics and N2O5 hydrolysis
Authors: Sun Peng , Nie Wei , Chi Xuguang , Xie Yuning , Huang Xin , Xu Zheng , Qi Ximeng , Xu Zhengning , Wang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Qi , Ding Aijun
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Particulate nitrate contributes a large fraction of secondary aerosols.
Despite understanding of its important role in regional air quality and
global climate, long-term continuous measurements are rather limited in
China. In this study, we conducted online measurement of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 µm) nitrate
for 2 years from March 2014 to February 2016 using the Monitor for AeRosols
and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) in the western Yangtze River Delta (YRD),
eastern China, and investigate the main factors that influenced its temporal
variations and formation pathways. Compared to other sites in China, an
overall high concentration of particulate nitrate was observed, with a mean
value of 15.8 µg m−3 (0.5 to 92.6 µg m−3). Nitrate
on average accounted for 32 % of the total mass of water-soluble ions and
the proportion increased with PM loading, indicating that nitrate is a major
driver of haze pollution episodes in this region. Sufficient ammonia drove
most nitrate into the particle phase in the form of ammonium nitrate. A
typical seasonal cycle of nitrate was observed, with the concentrations in
winter on average 2 times higher than those in summer mainly due to
different meteorological conditions. In summer, the diurnal variation of
particulate nitrate was determined by thermodynamic equilibrium,
resulting in a much lower concentration during daytime despite a
considerable photochemical production. Air masses from the polluted YRD and
biomass burning region contributed to the high nitrate concentration during
summer. In winter, particulate nitrate did not reveal an evident diurnal
variation. Regional transport from northern China played an important role in
enhancing nitrate concentration. A total of 18 nitrate episodes were selected to
understand the processes that drive the formation of high concentration of
nitrate. Rapid nitrate formation was observed during the pre-episode (the day
before nitrate episode day) nights, and dominated the increase of total
water-soluble ions. Calculated nitrate from N2O5 hydrolysis was
highly correlated to and accounted for 80 % of the observed nitrate,
suggesting that N2O5 hydrolysis was a major contributor to the
nitrate episodes. Our results suggested that rapid formation of nitrate could
be a main cause for extreme aerosol pollution events in the YRD during winter,
and illustrated the urgent need to control NOx
emission.
Methane at Svalbard and over the European Arctic Ocean
Authors: Platt Stephen M. , Eckhardt Sabine , Ferré Benedicte , Fisher Rebecca E. , Hermansen Ove , Jansson Pär , Lowry David , Nisbet Euan G. , Pisso Ignacio , Schmidbauer Norbert , Silyakova Anna , Stohl Andreas , Svendby Tove M. , Vadakkepuliyambatta Sunil , Mienert Jürgen , Lund Myhre Cathrine
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric mixing
ratios have been increasing since 2005. Therefore, quantification of
CH4 sources is essential for effective climate change mitigation.
Here we report observations of the CH4 mixing ratios measured at the
Zeppelin Observatory (Svalbard) in the Arctic and aboard the research
vessel (RV) Helmer Hanssen over the Arctic Ocean from June 2014 to
December 2016, as well as the long-term CH4 trend measured at the
Zeppelin Observatory from 2001 to 2017. We investigated areas over the
European Arctic Ocean to identify possible hotspot regions emitting
CH4 from the ocean to the atmosphere, and used state-of-the-art
modelling (FLEXPART) combined with updated emission inventories to identify
CH4 sources. Furthermore, we collected air samples in the region as
well as samples of gas hydrates, obtained from the sea floor, which we
analysed using a new technique whereby hydrate gases are sampled directly
into evacuated canisters. Using this new methodology, we evaluated the
suitability of ethane and isotopic signatures (δ13C in
CH4) as tracers for ocean-to-atmosphere CH4 emission. We
found that the average methane / light hydrocarbon (ethane and propane)
ratio is an order of magnitude higher for the same sediment samples using our
new methodology compared to previously reported values, 2379.95 vs. 460.06,
respectively. Meanwhile, we show that the mean atmospheric CH4 mixing
ratio in the Arctic increased by 5.9±0.38 parts per billion by
volume (ppb) per year (yr−1) from 2001 to 2017 and ∼8 pbb yr−1 since 2008, similar to the global trend of
∼ 7–8 ppb yr−1. Most large excursions from the baseline
CH4 mixing ratio over the European Arctic Ocean are due to long-range
transport from land-based sources, lending confidence to the present
inventories for high-latitude CH4 emissions. However, we also
identify a potential hotspot region with ocean–atmosphere CH4 flux
north of Svalbard (80.4∘ N, 12.8∘ E) of up to
26 nmol m−2 s−1 from a large mixing ratio increase at the
location of 30 ppb. Since this flux is consistent with previous constraints
(both spatially and temporally), there is no evidence that the area of
interest north of Svalbard is unique in the context of the wider Arctic.
Rather, because the meteorology at the time of the observation was unique in
the context of the measurement time series, we obtained over the short course
of the episode measurements highly sensitive to emissions over an active seep
site, without sensitivity to land-based emissions.
Interannual variations of water vapor in the tropical upper
troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere and their
connections to ENSO and QBO
Authors: Tian Edward W. , Su Hui , Tian Baijun , Jiang Jonathan H.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this study, we analyze the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor data in the tropical upper troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere (UTLMS) (from 215 hPa to 6 hPa) for the period from August 2004 to September 2017 using time-lag regression analysis and composite analysis to explore the interannual variations of tropical UTLMS water vapor and their connections to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Our analysis shows that ENSO’s impact on the interannual tropical water vapor anomalies is strong in the upper troposphere (~215 to ~120 hPa) and near the tropopause (~110 to ~90 hPa) with a ~3-month lag but weak in the lower and middle stratosphere (~80 to ~6 hPa). In contrast, QBO has a large impact on the interannual tropical water vapor anomalies in the lower and middle stratosphere with an upward propagating signal starting at the tropopause (100 hPa), peaking first in the lower stratosphere near 68 hPa with a ~7-month lag and then in the middle stratosphere near 15 hPa with a ~24-month lag. The phase lag is based on the 30-hPa QBO index and should be different from that found by previous studies based on the 50-hPa QBO index. In the upper troposphere, interannual tropical water vapor anomalies are positive during the warm ENSO phases but negative during the cold ENSO phases no matter what QBO phases are. Near the tropopause, interannual tropical water vapor anomalies are different depending on different ENSO and QBO phase combinations. In the lower and middle stratosphere, interannual tropical water vapor anomalies are mainly determined by QBO instead of ENSO. For the easterly QBO phases, interannual tropical water vapor anomalies are positive in the lower stratosphere but negative in the middle stratosphere. Vice versa for the westerly QBO phases.
Quantifying the aerosol effect on droplet size distribution at
cloud-top
Authors: Hernández Pardo Lianet , Toledo Machado Luiz Augusto , Amore Cecchini Micael , Sánchez Gácita Madeleine
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This work uses the number concentration-effective diameter phase-space to test cloud sensitivity to variations in the aerosol population characteristics, such as the aerosol size distribution, number concentration and hygroscopicity. It is based on the information from the top of a cloud simulated by a bin-microphysics single-column model, for initial conditions typical of the Amazon. It is shown that the cloud-top evolution can be very sensitive to aerosol properties, but the relative importance of each parameter is variable. The sensitivity to each aerosol characteristic varies as a function of the tested parameter and is conditioned by the base values of the other parameters. The median radius of the aerosols showed the largest influence on this sensitivity. We show that all aerosol properties can have significant impacts on cloud microphysics, especially if the median radius of the aerosol size distribution is smaller than 0.05 μm.
Future climatic drivers and their effect on PM10 components in Europe and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cholakian Arineh , Colette Augustin , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Coll Isabelle , Beekmann Matthias
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Multiple CMIP5 future scenarios are compared to historic simulations in order to study different drivers governing air pollution: Regional climate, anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport. Climate impact study covers the period of 2031 to 2100 for future scenarios compared to 1976 to 2005 for historic simulations, and includes three RCPs (Representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A detailed analysis of total PM10 concentrations, its changes and also that of its components is included. The individual effects of meteorological conditions on PM10 components are explored in these scenarios in an effort to pinpoint the meteorological parameter(s) governing each component. Anthropogenic emission impact study covers the period of 2046 and 2055 with CLE2050 (Current legislation emissions for 2050) anthropogenic emissions compared to CLE2010 in historic simulations covering the period of 1996 to 2005. Long-range transport is explored by changing the initial and boundary conditions in the chemistry-transport model, these scenarios cover the same period as the emission impact studies. Finally, a cumulative effects of these drivers is performed and the contribution of each driver on PM10 and its components is calculated. The results show that, regional climate causes a decrease in PM10 concentration in our scenarios, as a result of a decrease in nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and dust in most scenarios. Meanwhile, biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) shows an important increase in all scenarios. Nitrate and BSOA show a strong dependence to temperature, while sulfates are dependent to relative humidity. A cumulative look at all drivers shows that anthropogenic emission changes overshadow changes caused by climate and long-range transport for most components except for dust, for which long-range transport changes seem to be more influential.
Assessing the role of planetary and gravity waves on the vertical structure of ozone over central Europe
Authors: Križan Peter
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Planetary and gravity waves play an important role in the dynamics of the atmosphere. They are present in the atmospheric distribution of temperature, wind and ozone content. These waves are detectable also in the vertical profile of ozone and they cause its undulation. One of the structures occurring in the vertical ozone profile is laminae, which are narrow layers of enhanced or depleted ozone concentration in the vertical ozone profile. They are connected with the total amount of ozone in the atmosphere and with the activity of the planetary and the gravity waves. The aim of this paper is quantifying these processes in the central Europe. We compare the occurrence of laminae induced by planetary waves (PL) with the occurrence of these induced by gravity waves (GL). We show that the PL are 3–5 times more frequent than the gravity wave ones. There is a strong annual variation of PL, while GL exhibit only a very weak variation. With the increasing lamina size the share of GL decreases and the share of PL increases. The vertical profile of lamina occurrence is different for small planetary wave and gravity wave laminae. The trend of large lamina occurrence frequency is given by the trend in PL, not by GL.
On the ion-inertial range density power spectra in solar wind turbulence
Authors: Treumann Rudolf A. , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Narita Yasuhito
Published: December 2018

Abstract. De-magnetised ions in the ion inertial range of quasi-neutral plasmas respond to Kolmogorov inertial range velocity turbulence power spectra via the spectrum of the velocity turbulence related random mean square induction electric field. Maintenance of electrical quasi-neutrality in this field causes deformation in the power spectral density of the density turbulence. Experimentally confirmed Kolmogorov inertial range spectra in solar wind velocity turbulence and observations of density power spectra suggest that the observed unexplained scale-limited occasional bumps in the density power spectrum may be caused by this electric ion response. Magnetic power spectra react passively to the density spectrum by warranting pressure balance. This effect still neglects contribution of Hall currents and is restricted to the ion inertial range scale. It occurs under certain conditions only. While both density and magnetic turbulence spectra in the range of ion inertial scales deviate from Kolmogorov, the velocity turbulence preserves its Kolmogorov inertial range shape in this process to which spectral advection turns out to be secondary.
Downscaling probability of long heatwaves based on seasonal mean daily maximum temperatures
Authors: Benestad Rasmus E. , van Oort Bob , Justino Flavio , Stordal Frode , Parding Kajsa M. , Mezghani Abdelkader , Erlandsen Helene B. , Sillmann Jana , Pereira-Flores Milton E.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A methodology for estimating and downscaling the probability associated with the duration of heatwaves is presented and applied as a case study for Indian wheat crops. These probability estimates make use of empirical-statistical downscaling and statistical modelling of probability of occurrence and streak length statistics, and we present projections based on large multi-model ensembles of global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and three different emissions scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Our objective was to estimate the probabilities for heatwaves with more than 5 consecutive days with daily maximum temperature above 35 ∘C, which represent a condition that limits wheat yields. Such heatwaves are already quite frequent under current climate conditions, and downscaled estimates of the probability of occurrence in 2010 is in the range of 20 %–84 % depending on the location. For the year 2100, the high-emission scenario RCP8.5 suggests more frequent occurrences, with a probability in the range of 36 %–88 %. Our results also point to increased probabilities for a hot day to turn into a heatwave lasting more than 5 days, from roughly 8 %–20 % at present to 9 %–23 % in 2100 assuming future emissions according to the RCP8.5 scenario; however, these estimates were to a greater extent subject to systematic biases. We also demonstrate a downscaling methodology based on principal component analysis that can produce reasonable results even when the data are sparse with variable quality.
Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation
Authors: Heinze Christoph , Eyring Veronika , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jones Colin , Balkanski Yves , Collins Williams , Fichefet Thierry , Gao Shuang , Hall Alex , Ivanova Detelina , Knorr Wolfgang , Knutti Reto , Löw Alexander , Ponater Michael , Schultz Martin G. , Schulz Michael , Siebesma Pier , Teixeira Joao , Tselioudis George , Vancoppenolle Martin
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing climate projections under different scenarios of human-induced forcing. ESMs include a large number of additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical cycles that traditional physical climate models do not consider. Yet, some processes such as cloud dynamics and ecosystem functional response still have fairly high uncertainties. In this article, we present an overview of climate feedbacks for Earth system components currently included in state-of-the-art ESMs and discuss the challenges to evaluate and quantify them. Uncertainties in feedback quantification arise from the interdependencies of biogeochemical matter fluxes and physical properties, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of processes, and the lack of long-term continuous observational data to constrain them. We present an outlook for promising approaches that can help quantifying and constraining the large number of feedbacks in ESMs in the future. The target group for this article includes generalists with a background in natural sciences and an interest in climate change as well as experts working in interdisciplinary climate research (researchers, lecturers, and students). This study updates and significantly expands upon the last comprehensive overview of climate feedbacks in ESMs, which was produced 15 years ago (NRC, 2003).
Principal components of thermal regimes in mountain river networks
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Luce Charles H. , Chandler Gwynne L. , Horan Dona L. , Wollrab Sherry P.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Description of thermal regimes in flowing waters is key to
understanding physical processes, enhancing predictive abilities, and
improving bioassessments. Spatially and temporally sparse data sets,
especially in logistically challenging mountain environments, have limited
studies on thermal regimes, but inexpensive sensors coupled with
crowd-sourced data collection efforts provide efficient means of developing
large data sets for robust analyses. Here, thermal regimes are assessed using
annual monitoring records compiled from several natural resource agencies in
the northwestern United States that spanned a 5-year period (2011–2015) at
226 sites across several contiguous montane river networks. Regimes were
summarized with 28 metrics and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to
determine those metrics which best explained thermal variation on a reduced
set of orthogonal axes. Four principal components (PC) accounted for
93.4 % of the variation in the temperature metrics, with the first PC
(49 % of variance) associated with metrics that represented magnitude and
variability and the second PC (29 % of variance) associated with metrics
representing the length and intensity of the winter season. Another variant
of PCA, T-mode analysis, was applied to daily temperature values and revealed
two distinct phases of spatial variability – a homogeneous phase during
winter when daily temperatures at all sites were <3 ∘C and
a heterogeneous phase throughout the year's remainder when variation among
sites was more pronounced. Phase transitions occurred in March and November,
and coincided with the abatement and onset of subzero air temperatures across
the study area. S-mode PCA was conducted on the same matrix of daily
temperature values after transposition and indicated that two PCs accounted
for 98 % of the temporal variation among sites. The first S-mode PC was
responsible for 96.7 % of that variance and correlated with air
temperature variation (r=0.92), whereas the second PC accounted for
1.3 % of residual variance and was correlated with discharge (r=0.84). Thermal regimes in these mountain river networks were relatively
simple and responded coherently to external forcing factors, so sparse
monitoring arrays and small sets of summary metrics may be adequate for their
description. PCA provided a computationally efficient means of extracting key
information elements from the temperature data set used here and could be
applied broadly to facilitate comparisons among more diverse stream types and
develop classification schemes for thermal regimes.
Vagaries, Anxieties and the Imagined Paedophile: A Victorian Case Study on Mandatory Sex Offender Registration for Young Adult Registrants Convicted after Non-Consensually Distributing Intimate Images
Authors: Vitis Laura
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on interviews with two Australian young adults (and their parents) who were placed on Victoria’s Sex Offender Register after being convicted of child pornography offences for non-consensually distributing intimate images. It examines Victoria’s modality of automatic registration—which simultaneously constitutes registrants as paedophilic and responsibilised subjects—and the extent to which this modality was negotiated by both young men. This article also explores the collateral socio-political consequences of registration on career opportunities, mental health and family relationships, and details how these impacts are modulated by young adulthood.
Inside the Lives of Hispanic Origin Ex-Convicts: Pre- and Post-Incarceration
Authors: Paat Yok-Fong , Hope Trina L , Zamora Hector , Lopez Laura C , Salas Christian
Published: December 2018

Using in-depth interviews, this study examined the social upbringing, subjective experiences and coping mechanisms of Mexican origin ex-convicts before and after their incarceration. Overall, our participants experienced multiple structural disadvantages prior to and following incarceration. Many grew up in environments with little social control—lacking good parenting or role models—and embedded in communities of concentrated poverty and criminality. Many also disclosed their struggles to survive, lack of positive influences and legitimate/constructive coping mechanisms. Contrary to public stereotypes that Mexican origin ex-convicts are hardcore criminals, many were convicted of non-violent drug-related charges and the majority aspired to a crime-free future. To reduce recidivism and minimize future re-offending, we suggest that clinical practitioners, social service providers and policy planners address the aforementioned needs and challenges that contributed to ex-convicts getting in trouble with the law to begin with.
Sensitising Green Criminology to Procedural Environmental Justice: A Case Study of First Nation Consultation in the Canadian Oil Sands
Authors: Heydon James
Published: December 2018

Procedural environmental justice refers to fairness in processes of decision-making. It recognises that environmental victimisation, while an injustice in and of itself, is usually underpinned by unjust deliberation procedures. Although green criminology tends to focus on the former—distributional dimension of environmental justice—this article draws attention to its procedural counterpart. In doing so, it demonstrates how the notions of justice-as-recognition and justice-as-participation are jointly manifested within its conceptual boundaries. This is done by using the consultation process that occurs with indigenous peoples on proposed oil sands projects in Northern Alberta, Canada, as a case study. Drawing from ‘elite’ interviews, the article illustrates how indigenous voices have been marginalised and their Treaty rights misrecognised within this consultation process. As such, in seeking to understand the procedural determinants of distributional injustice, the article aims to encourage broader green criminological scholarship to do the same.
Proposta de aplicação da análise de conteúdo na construção de um instrumento de coleta de dados audiovisuais
Authors: Santos Francisco Edvander Pires , Farias Maria Giovanna Guedes , Pinto Virgínia Bentes , Feitosa Luiz Tadeu , Farias Gabriela Belmont de
Published: December 2018

Este artigo consiste em uma das etapas metodológicas de uma pesquisa de mestrado em Ciência da Informação que tem por objetivo desenvolver uma política de informação para gestão de acervos audiovisuais numa universidade pública brasileira e que, para isso, exige a construção de um instrumento para coleta de dados. Apresenta como se deu a construção desse instrumento de pesquisa e de que maneira os primeiros dados coletados foram estruturados e analisados, por meio do método da análise de conteúdo, da técnica de decupagem e do uso do software Evernote. Como fundamentação teórica, aborda as definições para informação audiovisual e destaca os acervos audiovisuais de uma universidade pública brasileira, a fim de contextualizar o ambiente de pesquisa. Discorre acerca da análise de conteúdo à medida que aplica cada fase do método à análise dos vídeos que embasaram o estudo, definindo as categorias e subcategorias correspondentes à produção audiovisual de uma universidade pública federal, onde um programa de televisão foi selecionado para embasar a construção do instrumento de pesquisa. Como amostra, foram selecionados quatro programas intitulados UFCTV, exibidos no mês de junho de 2017, dos quais foram analisados e descritos 24 videotapes no total. Para tanto, apresenta as funcionalidades do software Evernote e discute as suas vantagens para a estruturação do instrumento de coleta de dados para análise de conteúdo audiovisual, com uso de diário de campo eletrônico e configuração de tabela no Evernote para preenchimento dos dados. Conclui que o percurso metodológico pode ser aplicado em pesquisas com outros tipos de acervos audiovisuais, e não somente o televisivo, mas que adequações serão necessárias na composição do instrumento de pesquisa.
La prensa histórica como fuente documental generadora de credibilidad en la ficción: el caso de "El tiempo entre costuras"
Authors: Cabezuelo Lorenzo Francisco , Caerols Mateo Raquel , Sotelo González Joaquín
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo analiza la presencia de los medios de comunicación (prensa impresa, radio y cine) en El tiempo entre costuras, novela de María Dueñas llevada posteriormente a la televisión por Atresmedia. La investigación demuestra que el recurso consistente en la presencia de los medios en el relato es una de las claves del éxito de este fenómeno de masas. Las referencias constantes a los medios sirven para generar credibilidad y realismo en la historia. A través de una metodología ‘ad hoc’ y tras el análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, disecciona la presencia de la prensa en la narración de los acontecimientos recogidos. En los resultados de la investigación, se cataloga la prensa por su origen geográfico, tipología o área de especialización informativa, con el fin de identificar y exponer las razones de este éxito mediático internacional de la industria cultural española cuando la economía española atravesaba una época de crisis.
El archivo de Radiotelevisión Valenciana: sobrevivir, migrar e integrar con À Punt
Authors: Alfonso Lola , Orero Paz
Published: December 2018

Tras el cierre de Radiotelevisión Valenciana (RTVV), su archivo ha sido conservado y preservado como bien común que refleja la historia, la cultura y la lengua de la Comunidad Valenciana. Este artículo repasa cronológicamente la gestión documental y la salvaguarda de los fondos audiovisuales desde 2013, año de la clausura de RTVV, hasta 2018, momento en el que se produce la integración con À Punt, el nuevo medio de comunicación público valenciano.
Revistas, diarios y prensa gratuita en España. Revisión y nuevas perspectivas del patrimonio documental en la prensa
Authors: Salvador Benítez Antonia , Olivera Zaldua María , Sánchez Vigil Juan MIguel
Published: December 2018

La documentación generada o relacionada con la prensa, incluidos las propias publicaciones, constituyen un corpus excepcional por su cantidad y calidad. Su conservación y tratamiento analítico es fundamental para la recuperación de contenidos. La hemeroteca es por tanto, siempre lo fue, una fuente de información por excelencia. Siendo así, es fácil de entender que forme parte del patrimonio documental de los medios de comunicación, junto con el televisivo, radiofónico, cinematográfico y publicitario, y que como tal patrimonio debe ser tratado siguiendo los protocolos y normativas al efecto. Es objeto de este trabajo ofrecer una visión general sobre la situación del patrimonio documental de la prensa, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo histórico de la misma. Se describen y analizan los principales problemas que se afrontan tomando como muestra y modelo las revistas, diarios y prensa gratuita editados en España.
Documentación del material audiovisual de programas informativos en la televisión digital
Authors: Agirreazaldegi Teresa
Published: December 2018

Se analiza el ecosistema de la televisión digital para conocer, en relación al material de los telenoticias, la transformación producida en la selección, análisis documental, búsqueda, acceso, preservación, etc. Se concluye que el nuevo paradigma aporta grandes ventajas en todas esas áreas, está cambiando los modelos tradicionales propios del contexto analógico y confiere un papel cada vez más activo al usuario final, el periodista. Pero, aún compartiendo ciertos conocimientos con los usuarios, los documentalistas seguirán siendo los expertos en la organización de áreas cada más complejas y con un alto componente tecnológico.
Difusión del patrimonio audiovisual de televisión en redes: perfiles oficiales en Twitter.
Authors: De la Cuadra Colmenares Elena , Nuño Moral María Victoria
Published: December 2018

Este estudio se centrará en el papel de Twitter como garante del patrimonio televisivo de la televisión pública española. Algo que, en principio, no es una de las funciones de una red social (o microblog), pero que es interesante analizar por las futuras utilidades que puede tener como salvaguardia de nuestro patrimonio televisivo. Para acometer este estudio se realizará una búsqueda en las cuentas oficiales de cadenas y programas del ente público, y se estudiará cada una de ellas con una ficha de análisis mediante la cual podremos determinar el uso de fragmentos audiovisuales y su posterior recuperación.
El aceite de palma en los cibermedios españoles: temáticas, encuadres, fuentes
Authors: Armentia José Ignacio , Rodríguez Miren , Marauri Íñigo , Marín Flora
Published: December 2018

Los ciberdiarios españoles llevan tiempo prestando atención al aceite de palma. El protagonismo de este alimento ha ido ligado a las consecuencias medioambientales derivadas de la plantación intensiva de la palmera aceitera en determinados países tropicales, especialmente los del sudeste asiático. Durante 2017 se asiste a un notable incremento del número de inserciones relativas a este producto. Paralelamente, se produce un cambio en el enfoque que se otorga al mismo. La prensa digital se preocupa más por las dudas que surgen respecto a las características nutricionales de este aceite, mientras que las consideraciones medioambientales pasan a un segundo plano. Al mismo tiempo se produce un aumento de los textos referidos a España, frente a los de ámbito internacional. En esta investigación se han analizado las ediciones online de El País, El Mundo, Abc y La Vanguardia durante 2015, 2016 y el primer semestre de 2017.
La construcción fotográfica de la realidad internacional en los periódicos nacionales cubanos "Granma" y "Juventud Rebelde"
Authors: Galañena León Yadán Crecencio , Alfonso Lara Roberto , Molina Rodríguez Linnet
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo caracteriza la construcción fotográfica de la realidad internacional en los periódicos nacionales cubanos Granma y Juventud Rebelde. Para ello, se utiliza una propuesta teórica que comprende los estudios de emisores (desde la teoría de la comunicación y la sociología) y los presupuestos sobre ética periodística (desprendidos de la filosofía y la teoría general del periodismo). Se asumen los métodos bibliográfico-documental y etnográfico, y las técnicas revisión bibliográfica, observación participante y notas de campo; a través de entrevistas estructuradas a expertos y especialistas del tema, se validan los resultados del estudio. Como resultado fundamental de la investigación, se reconoce la manera en que los periodistas de Granma y Juventud Rebelde pretenden legitimar a estos medios como objetivos sobre la base de un compromiso ideológico que se aviene con la política exterior cubana. Así, el mensaje fotográfico se construye en función de favorecer a los aliados políticos y desacreditar a los adversarios del gobierno cubano.
La experiencia de aprendizaje del estudiante de Teorías de la Comunicación en Periodismo desde el modelo de clase inversa
Authors: Gómez-Puertas Lorena , Gómez-Domínguez Pablo
Published: December 2018

La evolución del modelo mixto de formación universitaria en Periodismo sitúa a las materias de mayor peso teórico frente al reto que supone la desmotivación de los estudiantes, quienes no perciben aplicabilidad inmediata de la teoría a la vida profesional. La adaptación de estas materias al entorno de aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante puede afrontarse desde modelos docentes de construcción del conocimiento a través del aprendizaje activo y cooperativo. Este trabajo expone la evaluación de los estudiantes de Teorías de la Comunicación del Grado en Periodismo de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra del modelo semipresencial de clase inversa a partir del análisis estadístico de encuestas (n=66, participación 74%) y según sus estilos de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran una experiencia considerablemente satisfactoria, no tanto por el uso de aplicaciones digitales interactivas, como por la mayor implicación lograda en las actividades en el aula que acercan el conocimiento científico al mundo profesional.
La construcción de la opinión en Javier Marías: análisis retórico-argumentativo de las columnas publicadas por el autor entre los años 2009 y 2013
Authors: Jiménez Correa Catalina
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objeto de estudio las columnas escritas por Javier Marías, entre los años 2009 y 2013, en el espacio semanal La Zona Fantasma, ubicado en la última página de El País Semanal, suplemento dominical del diario El País. Para el estudio se ha recurrido a un análisis de contenido, a partir de la retórica aristotélica y su posterior renovación por Charles Perelman y Lucie Olbrechts Tyteca, expuesta en su Tratado de la argumentación. La metodología seguida ha permitido identificar las particularidades y características en cuanto a temas, enfoque, estructura y lenguaje que el autor utiliza. Cuantitativamente, se identificaron los temas, los argumentos, el léxico y las figuras literarias de cada columna, y cualitativamente, las temáticas, la construcción del Ethos del autor y la interpretación de los resultados, a la luz del contexto que enmarca los años en los que se escriben las columnas.
Prensa y espectáculo taurino (1800-1936). La fuerza de las emociones
Authors: Laguna Platero Antonio , Martínez Gallego Francesc-Andreu
Published: December 2018

Las corridas de toros fueron, tanto por el número asistentes como por la cantidad de festejos que se llevaron a cabo, el primer gran espectáculo de masas que se conoció en España. Enraizado en la fiesta popular, el espectáculo taurino será reconvertido en fiesta nacional a fines del siglo XIX, con el concurso de una prensa que crece en la misma medida que lo hace el sensacionalismo, y el interés de un Estado que utilizará las emociones de los toros para fomentar el amor a la patria. En este trabajo se aborda la dimensión cultural del festejo, su utilización política y el papel fundamental que juega la prensa.
Competencia mediática de periodistas de Ecuador y Colombia. Dimensión Lenguaje y tecnología
Authors: Rivera Diana , Mier Catalina , Velásquez Andrea
Published: December 2018

La educación en competencias mediáticas es una necesidad latente. La sociedad en general y particularmente los periodistas no las han desarrollado para hacer frente a la diversidad de información. La investigación precisa conocer el nivel de competencia mediática que tienen los periodistas de Ecuador y Colombia en las dimensiones de Lenguaje y Tecnología. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que los periodistas tienen una alta competencia en la dimensión lenguaje y baja competencia en tecnología, es decir conocen de la existencia de aplicaciones, herramientas, etc., pero no las utilizan en su trabajo para transmitir información. La influencia de los medios de comunicación no ha ido de la mano con el fomento de la alfabetización mediática. La herramienta metodológica principal fue la encuesta sociológica, creada a partir de una definición de dimensiones e indicadores de la competencia mediática. La muestra se constituyó por 71 periodistas de Ecuador y 75 de Colombia.
Percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el sector profesional de la comunicación corporativa
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Leticia
Published: December 2018

Esta investigación estudia la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre los departamentos y agencias de comunicación corporativa. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los trabajos desarrollados en dos asignaturas afines del área de la comunicación corporativa cuyo objetivo era conectar a los alumnos con el sector profesional. Se observa que las empresas fueron herméticas, evitando el contacto con este público. Los estudiantes universitarios no se siente valorados por sus futuros empleadores y demandan más conexión con el sector profesional. Este trabajo tiene como fin último divulgar este tipo de actividad que promueve el contacto interpersonal entre alumnos y empleadores.
La impronta de las políticas de gestión de archivos en la labor formativa de los medios. Estudio comparativo de las radios líderes en España y Portugal
Authors: Rodríguez Pallares Miriam
Published: December 2018

La comunicación mediática actual asume la inmediatez en detrimento de la contextualización, hecho que a la larga pone en riesgo la memoria informativa del ciudadano y parte de la labor formativa de los medios. En este contexto, la gestión de contenidos puede y debe jugar un papel importante como actividad no solo vinculada a la producción diaria y a la estrategia de la empresa de comunicación, sino también como colaboradora en la creación de productos específicos con finalidad educativa. El objetivo planteado consiste en radiografiar y caracterizar las políticas de gestión de contenidos en las empresas radiofónicas de titularidad privada, líderes en España y Portugal, para razonar la labor que desempeñan en relación al fin formativo de los medios. Aun con diferencias estructurales y organizativas, no se están aprovechando los beneficios de la aplicación de políticas de gestión de contenidos mediáticos, ni existe normativa para su uniformización.