bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An observational prospective study of mucocutaneous adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy
Authors: Rusia Kaveri , Madke Bhushan
Published: March 2024

Background There is an enormous advancement in chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy. With the advancement, the adverse effects in patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy have also increased. Hence identifying and treating adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy is of utmost importance for patients. This study will help us to find out the various mucocutaneous adverse effects associated with various new chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. Our objective is to find out the frequency of mucocutaneous manifestation in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy and also to know and assess the various patterns and severity of mucocutaneous involvement in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Methods This will be an observational prospective study that will be conducted in a tertiary care cancer hospital [Siddharth Gupta Memorial Cancer Hospital] and patients coming to OPD of AVBRH in the Department of Dermatology from 15th December 2023 to 15 September 2024, who will be presenting with the mucocutaneous adverse effects. Detailed History and Cutaneous examination will be performed and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5. The various mucocutaneous adverse effects will be compiled and grading will be done. This study will help us to find out the various mucocutaneous adverse effects associated with various new chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. Results We will study the various mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with solid organ malignancy or hematological malignancy receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Case Report: Recalcitrant oral lichen planus involving bilaterally buccal mucosae treated with a combination of photodynamic and photobiomodulation therapies
Authors: Trakarnboonkij Juthamast , Tanya Suwat , Sarideechaigul Wilairat , Subarnbhesaj Ajiravudh , Tabbon Peera , Sattayut Sajee
Published: March 2024

Background Managing recalcitrant oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging. Laser therapy has been suggested as an alternative to corticosteroids for treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive technique that enables the removal of lesions without surgery. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can promote healing and recovery of the lesions. Case presentation The objective was to treat unresponsive bilateral OLP of the whole buccal mucosae with a combination of PDT and PBMT. Results A 43-year-old Thai male presented with the severe painful reticular type of OLP of bilateral buccal mucosae involving upper and lower vestibular areas. The lesions were not remitted with either prednisolone systemic steroids or fluocinolone topical corticosteroids. After undergoing ten sessions of PDT with 10% 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the form of thermoplastic gel and a 635 nm diode laser at 100 to 400 mW with an energy density of 20 to 30 J/cm2 in continuous wave mode, combined with five interim-sessions of PBMT using a 635 nm diode laser at 200 to 300 mW with an energy density of 6 to 10 J/cm2 in continuous wave, the patient reported relief of burning sensation beside remission of lesions without any complications. Conclusion The wide-spreading recalcitrant OLP with burning sensation can be managed by combining PDT and PBMT.
Informing climate-smart agriculture in low resource settings for practitioners: A review and analysis of interactive tools
Authors: Lapidus Daniel , Franzen Kirsten , Milliken Caleb , Ovington Tyler , Frankel-Reed Jenny
Published: March 2024

Background Agricultural producers in developing countries are uniquely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and have the least ability to adapt. While there is a growing consensus that more financing and resources are needed to address these impacts, information on how to direct funding and support adaptation is dispersed and difficult to find. Agricultural development stakeholders and investors can leverage increasingly available data from a range of online sources to inform their climate smart agriculture investments, but it is not always clear which data tools are easily accessible and which can support different aspects of their programs. Methods This analysis aims to inform stakeholders how different tools can inform their climate smart investments. Hundreds of interactive tools were reviewed from multiple sources and a set of criteria was developed to simplify and elucidate the landscape of resources available that support adaptation and GHG mitigation for agricultural producers in low-income countries. The search strategy included a literature review, discussions with key stakeholders, and a review of existing databases of tools (e.g., NDC Partnership Toolbox). Results Ultimately 29 tools were identified and compared in terms of how they address both climate risk, adaptation, and mitigation. The data sources behind the tools were also compared, and illustrative user groups were identified. Many valuable, easy-to-use tools exist offering non-climate experts’ opportunities to gain insights into the relationship between climate and small-scale farming systems. However, the tools available are insufficient and should not be relied upon exclusively for informing investments. Conclusions This review provides a valuable resource for those looking to inform investments and programming in small-scale agriculture. This set of tools can provide insights that can be leveraged in various ways for a wide range of users, but they also have considerable limitations. This review can help users understand how these tools can be useful and the types of additional context-specific and local information that should be sought.
When I say inclusion
Authors: Kusurkar Rashmi
Published: March 2024

There is no unified understanding of the concept of inclusion in the literature. Since inclusion is a hot topic in the current debates on equity diversity and inclusion, it is important to move towards creating a common understanding of this term. In this article I explore the concept of inclusion based on the current literature. When I say inclusion, it is not just a sense of belonging, but also the opportunity to participate and contribute meaningfully.
WALIS dashboard: An online tool to explore a global paleo sea-level database
Authors: Garzón Sebastián , Rovere Alessio
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present WALIS Dashboard, an open-access interface to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), which was developed and compiled thanks to funding from the European Research Council. WALIS is a database that includes thousands of samples (dated with different radiometric methods) and sea-level indicators formed during the Last Interglacial (~80 to 130 ka). The WALIS Dashboard was coded in R (shiny app), and allows querying a simplified version of WALIS by either geographic extent or by attributes. The user can then download the queried data and perform simple and reproducible data analysis. The WALIS Dashboard can be used both online and offline.
Addressing ocean planning challenges in a highly crowded sea space: a case study for the regional sea of Catalonia (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Depellegrin Daniel , Menegon Stefano , Abramic Andrej , Aguado Hernandez Simón , Larosa Francesca , Salvador Santiago , Marti Llambrich Carolina
Published: March 2024

Background This study performs an exploratory analysis of current-future sustainability challenges for ocean planning for the regional seas of Catalonia located in the Western Mediterranean (Spain). Methods To address the challenges we develop an Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP)-oriented geodatabase of maritime activities and deploy three spatial models: 1) an analysis of regional contribution to the 30% protection commitment with Biodiversity Strategy 2030; 2) a spatial Maritime Use Conflict (MUC) analysis to address current and future maritime activities interactions and 3) the StressorGenerator QGIS application to locate current and anticipate future sea areas of highest anthropogenic stress. Results & Conclusions Results show that the i) study area is one of the most protected sea areas in the Mediterranean (44–51% of sea space protected); ii) anthropogenic stressors are highest in 1–4 nautical miles coastal areas, where maritime activities agglomerate, in the Gulf of Roses and Gulf of Saint Jordi. iii) According to the available datasets commercial fishery is causing highest conflict score inside protected areas. Potential new aquaculture sites are causing highest conflict in Internal Waters and the high potential areas for energy cause comparably low to negligible spatial conflicts with other uses. We discuss the added value of performing regional MSP exercises and define five challenges for regional ocean sustainability, namely: Marine protection beyond percentage, offshore wind energy: a new space demand, crowded coastal areas, multi-level governance of the regional sea and MSP knowledge gaps.
Integrated coplanar waveguide coil on diamond for enhanced homogeneous broadband NV magnetometry
Authors: Babashah Hossein , Losero Elena , Galland Christophe
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as promising quantum sensors due to their highly coherent and optically addressable spin states with potential applications in high-sensitivity magnetometry. Homogeneously addressing large ensembles of NV centers offers clear benefit in terms of sensing precision as well as in fundamental studies of collective effects. Such experiments require a spatially uniform, intense, and broadband microwave field that can be difficult to generate. Previous approaches, such as copper wires, loop coils, and planar structures, have shown limitations in field homogeneity, bandwidth, and integration in compact devices. In this paper, we present a coplanar waveguide (CPW) gold coil patterned on a 3 × 3 mm2 diamond substrate, offering full integration, enhanced stability, and broad bandwidth suitable for various NV sensing applications. Coil fabricated on diamond offers several advantages for magnetometry with NV centers ensemble, including enhanced heat dissipation, seamless integration, scalability, and miniaturization potential. We optimize critical geometrical parameters to achieve a homogeneous magnetic field with a coefficient of variation of less than 6% over an area of 0.5 mm2 and present experimental results confirming the performance of the proposed CPW coil.
Reanalysis of Immunopeptidomics Datasets Provides Mechanistic Insight into TAPBPR-Mediated Peptide Editing on HLA-A, -B and -C Molecules
Authors: Altenburg Arwen F , Morley Jack L , Bauer Jens , Walz Juliane S , Boyle Louise H
Published: March 2024

Background Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I, human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-I in humans) molecules present small fragments of the proteome on the cell surface for immunosurveillance, which is pivotal to control infected and malignant cells. Immunogenic peptides are generated and selected in the MHC-I antigen processing and presentation pathway. In this pathway, two homologous molecules, tapasin and TAPBPR, optimise the MHC-I peptide repertoire that is ultimately presented at the plasma membrane. Peptide exchange on HLA-I by human TAPBPR involves the flexible loop region K22-D35, with the leucine at position 30 (L30) involved in mediating peptide dissociation. However, our understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms governing TAPBPR-mediated peptide exchange on HLA-I allotypes remains incomplete. Methods Here, in-depth re-analyses of published immunopeptidomics datasets was used to further examine TAPBPR peptide editing activity and mechanism of action on HLA-I. The role of the TAPBPR editing loop in opening the HLA-I peptide binding groove was assessed using a molecular dynamics simulation. Results We show that TAPBPR shapes the peptide repertoire on HLA-A, -B and -C allotypes. The TAPBPR editing loop was not essential to allow HLA-I to adopt an open state. L30 in the TAPBPR editing loop was typically sufficient to mediate peptide repertoire restriction on the three HLA-I allotypes expressed by HeLa cells. TAPBPR was also able to load peptides onto HLA-I in a loop-dependent manner. Conclusions These results unify the previously hypothesised scoop loop and peptide trap mechanisms of TAPBPR-mediated peptide exchange, with the former involved in peptide filtering and the latter in peptide loading.
The genome sequence of weasel’s snout, Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Fay Michael F. ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Misopates orontium (weasel’s snout; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Lamiales; Plantaginaceae). The genome sequence is 361.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The assembled mitochondrial and plastid genomes have lengths of 569.76 kilobases and 152.15 kilobases in length, respectively.
The genome sequence of a mirid plant bug, Pilophorus perplexus Douglas and Scott, 1875
Authors: Barclay Maxwell V. L. , Geiser Michael , Matsumoto Keita , Pash Emily , Livermore Laurence ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Pilophorus perplexus (mirid plant bug; Arthropoda; Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Miridae). The genome sequence is 481.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 20.36 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)
Authors: Ruedi Manuel , Vernes Sonja C. , Teeling Emma C , Mai Meike ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Myotis daubentonii (Daubenton's bat; Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae). The genome sequence is 2,127.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.34 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Blood-vein moth, Timandra comae Schmidt, 1931
Authors: Wawman Denise C. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Timandra comae (the Blood-vein; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 334.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.91 kilobases in length.
Profesor Stanisław Salmonowicz – okruchy wspomnień
Authors: Wyrowiński Jan
Published: March 2024

"Moje zaangażowanie w działalność opozycyjną przed 1989 r., datująca się od stanu wojennego bliską współpracą z Elżbietą Zawacką „Zo” i jej środowiskiem, aktywność w Zrzeszeniu Kaszubsko-Pomorskim, działalność polityczna po wyborach 4 VI 1989 r. sprawiły, że drogi owianego legendą profesora Salmonowicza musiały się momentami krzyżować z moimi. Jestem za to wdzięczny losowi. Po Profesorze pozostały książki z jakże dla mnie cennymi i wzruszającymi dedykacjami, korespondencja, zdjęcia oraz to, co najważniejsze: wspomnienia, których okruchami tkwiącymi w mojej pamięci pozwalam się podzielić."
Pamięć o Armii Krajowej: wkład środowiska toruńskiego
Authors: Salmonowicz Stanisław
Published: March 2024

Artykuł jest poświęcony wkładowi środowiska toruńskiego w badania i upamiętnienie Armii Krajowej. Ogromną rolę na tym polu odegrała Elżbieta Zawacka, działająca w tej dziedzinie od lat sześćdziesiątych. Na mocy działań na przełomie lat 1988–1989 (w tym m.in. dzięki opublikowanemu w prasie apelowi Elżbiety Zawackiej w sprawie powołania organizacji kombatanckiej) powołano Fundację „Archiwum i Muzeum Armii Krajowej im. gen. Stefana Roweckiego-Grota” w Warszawie. Wobec braku pewności co do losów warszawskiej Fundacji, Elżbieta Zawacka, Grzegorz Górski i Stanisław Salmonowicz powołali w Toruniu Fundację „Archiwum Pomorskie Armii Krajowej”, która odniosła duży sukces.
Powstanie Warszawskie – przyczyny i skutki
Authors: Salmonowicz Stanisław
Published: March 2024

Streszczenie: Artykuł przedstawia przyczyny i skutku wybuchu Powstania Warszawskiego, jego szanse militarne, konsekwencje i znaczenie dla historii Polski. Autor przedstawia stanowisko, że wybuch Powstania był nieunikniony. Główną przyczyną jego wybuchu było narastające pogorszenie się sytuacji międzynarodowej Polski w latach 1941–1943, gdzie Polska przy aprobacie aliantów znalazła się w strefie wpływów ZSRR, pomimo wiary przywódców, że sytuacja ta zmieni się na lepsze. Autor nie zgadza się z poglądem, że przywódcy Powstania byli nieodpowiedzialnymi romantykami, którzy są winni klęski tej walki zbrojnej. Upadek Powstania nie przyniósł poprawy pozycji Polski na arenie międzynarodowej, ułatwił zwycięstwo reżimu komunistycznego, ale również zniechęcił ZSRR do prowadzenia interwencji Armii Czerwonej w Polsce.
Duże emocje, poważne zarzuty Kulisy konfliktu o upamiętnianie Tajnej Organizacji Wojskowej „Gryf Pomorski”
Authors: Jasik Mateusz
Published: March 2024

W ostatnich latach XX wieku temperatury nabrał spór wokół historii Tajnej Organizacji Wojskowej „Gryf Pomorski”. Najbardziej zapalnym punktem dyskusji do dziś pozostaje ocena dwóch liderów tej organizacji: Józefa Dambka i por. Józefa Gierszewskiego. Ich konflikt skutkujący m.in. zabójstwem Józefa Gierszewskiego do dziś budzi bardzo ostre spory i wiąże się z poważnymi oskarżeniami wysuwanymi również pod adresem członków Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego spoza pomorskiej konspiracji. Konflikt o pamięći upamiętnianie znajdują swoje odzwierciedlenie w dokumentach, gazetach i czasopismach, a nawet na sali sądowej.
After the Fall of the Caravan Kingdoms. Notes about the Occupation of Sumhuram and the Area of Khor Rori (Oman) from the Fifth Century AD to the Islamic Period
Authors: Pavan Alexia
Published: March 2024

Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.
Roman Catholic Religious Education in the Internet Media Coverage in Poland
Authors: Zellma Anna , Mąkosa Paweł Michał
Published: March 2024

For many years, there has been a heated debate in the Polish media regarding the presence and concept of Roman Catholic religious education in schools. Therefore, questions arise: What image of Roman Catholic religious education emerges from the media discussion? Are the criteria used to evaluate Roman Catholic religious education fair, ensuring equal treatment of all subjects in Polish schools? This article attempts to answer these questions through a qualitative analysis of 100 publications posted on popular websites between 2018 and 2022. The results of the research confirm that the media debate on Roman Catholic religious education in Polish schools is not always objective and tolerant.
Organisation of Support in Aid Centre “Szczecin for Ukraine” (Centrum Pomocy “Szczecin – Ukrainie”) from a Research Perspective
Authors: Bugajska Beata
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to show the process of establishing and organising the Aid Centre, and the scale of its support activities for Ukrainian refugees. The study was conducted using the analysis of existing data, references to the experiences of individuals engaged in creating and managing the Centre (problem-centred interview) and Ukrainian refugees’ opinions about the Centre’s functioning. A thematic analysis was applied (a qualitative analysis technique) to identify shared topics in the respondents’ answers. The analysis presented herein focused on five areas that are crucial to identify the experiences of staff who developed and run the Centre, viz., 1) the initial weeks of the Centre’s functioning, starting on 9 March 2022, 2) interpersonal relations within the team, 3) difficult situations, 4) situations motivating work and 5) expectations concerning the future functioning of the Centre.
Kto uczy dzieci w domu? Wizerunek rodziców i rodzin edukujących domowo
Authors: Lendzion Kinga , Wołk Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

W ostatnich latach liczba dzieci w edukacji domowej systematycznie rośnie. Do wzrostu zainteresowania tą formą edukacji przyczyniło się m.in. zdalne nauczanie w okresie pandemii COVID-19, które ukazało rodzicom niedoskonałości polskiegosystemu edukacji. Dynamiczny wzrost liczby dzieci uczących się w domu budzi wiele pytań. Oprócz tych o motywy rezygnacji z edukacji systemowej, interesujące jest, kto wybiera nauczanie domowe dla swoich dzieci. W niniejszym artykule autorki odpowiadają na powyższe pytanie, odwołując się do wyników badań własnych, przeprowadzonych techniką ankiety internetowej (CAWI) na nielosowej próbie 393 edukatorów domowych. Na podstawie wybranych cech społeczno-demograficznych oraz religijności respondentów autorki prezentują profil rodziców edukujących domowo. Ponadto, odwołując się do ich stażu w edukacji domowej i wyróżniając na tej podstawie dwie kategorie edukatorów: „przedpandemicznych” i „popandemicznych”, opisują zaobserwowane tendencje zmian wizerunku edukatorów domowych.
Comparison Study of Halal Management System in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Yustianingsih Lidia , Mufid Ali , Maifiah Mohd Hafidz Mahamad , Gunawan Setiyo
Published: March 2024

Halal standards between countries were varied, potentially leading to differences in halal product status decisions. In developing global halal standards, Indonesian and Malaysian halal standards were often used as references. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the halal management systems in Indonesia and Malaysia in order to identify differences and similarities in halal regulations and management, including animal slaughtering practices. The halal management systems in Indonesia and Malaysia are mainly comparable. Some non-conforming differences include the certification procedure, certificate validity period, the halal products category, and the number of internal halal committees. Some essential differences are the halal certificate compulsoriness, stunning regulation, and the product name, brand, or synonym considered to be halal. The additional procedure used after slaughter, thoracic sticking, has become an emerging issue in developing a Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) of halal certificates for domestic products between Indonesia and Malaysia.
Enhancing mental health services in primary care settings: embracing digital solutions
Authors: Al-Ramadani Faris
Published: March 2024

Increasing demand for mental health care provision requires innovative and efficient solutions for primary care services. This article discusses how digitally-enabled therapies can form part of the solution.
A better understanding of Dementia
Authors: Wake Charlotte
Published: March 2024

Charlotte Wake explains how to aid in a dementia patient's difficult journey.

Aim

To develop more knowledge on how we can help our Dementia suffering patients. To gain a better understanding of Dementia.

Objectives

To gain a better understanding of the different types of dementia. To learn more about interventions for oral health care. To learn about Dementia Ambassadors.
Dealing with decay
Authors: Lloyd-Rees Kimberley
Published: March 2024

Kimberley Lloyd-Rees discusses how abrasion can prove a valuable adjunct to preventive dentistry.
An enchanting idea
Authors: Rowland Nicki
Published: March 2024

Nicki Rowland discusses how a more creative approach can work magic on children's oral health.
You are never out of our minds
Authors: Fairclough Philip
Published: March 2024

Having been a service user nearly 30 years ago, Philip Fairclough emphasises that patients do not forget their therapists and the impact that they have on their lives.
The size of the femoral head does not influence metal ion levels after metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty: a five-year report from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bunyoz Kristine I. , Tsikandylakis Georgios , Mortensen Kristian , Gromov Kirill , Mohaddes Maziar , Malchau Henrik , Troelsen Anders
Published: March 2024

Aims

In metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA), large metal femoral heads have been used to increase stability and reduce the risk of dislocation. The increased size of the femoral head can, however, lead to increased taper corrosion, with the release of metal ions and adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the size of the femoral head and the levels of metal ions in the blood in these patients.

Methods

A total of 96 patients were enrolled at two centres and randomized to undergo MoP THA using either a 32 mm metal head or a femoral head of between 36 mm and 44 mm in size, being the largest possible to fit the thinnest available polyethylene insert. The levels of metal ions and patient-reported outcome measures (Oxford Hip Score, University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale) were recorded at two and five years postoperatively.

Results

At five years, the median levels of chromium, cobalt, and titanium were 0.5 μg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 0.50 to 0.62), 0.24 μg/l (IQR 0.18 to 0.30), and 1.16 μg/l (IQR 1.0 to 1.68) for the 32 mm group, and 0.5 μg/l (IQR 0.5 to 0.54), 0.23 μg/l (IQR 0.17 to 0.39), and 1.30 μg/l (IQR 1 to 2.05) for the 36 mm to 44 mm group, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.825, p = 1.000, p = 0.558). There were increased levels of metal ions at two years postoperatively in seven patients in the 32 mm group, compared with four in the 36 mm to 44 mm group, and at five years postoperatively in six patients in the 32 mm group, compared with seven in the 36 mm to 44 mm group. There was no significant difference in either the OHS (p = 0.665) or UCLA (p = 0.831) scores between patients with or without an increased level of metal ions.

Conclusion

In patients who underwent MoP THA, we found no differences in the levels of metal ions five years postoperatively between those with a femoral head of 32 mm and those with a femoral head of between 36 mm and 44 mm, and no corrosion-related revisions. As taper corrosion can start after five years, there remains a need for longer-term studies investigating the relationship between the size of the femoral head size and corrosion in patients undergoing MoP THA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):31–37.
Accuracy of femoral component anteversion in robotic total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sugano Nobuhiko , Maeda Yuki , Fuji Haruka , Tamura Kazunori , Nakamura Nobuo , Takashima Kazuma , Uemura Keisuke , Hamada Hidetoshi
Published: March 2024

Aims

Femoral component anteversion is an important factor in the success of total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the accuracy of femoral component anteversion with the Mako THA system and software using the Exeter cemented femoral component, compared to the Accolade II cementless femoral component.

Methods

We reviewed the data of 30 hips from 24 patients who underwent THA using the posterior approach with Exeter femoral components, and 30 hips from 24 patients with Accolade II components. Both groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, BMI, bone quality, or disease. Two weeks postoperatively, CT images were obtained to measure acetabular and femoral component anteversion.

Results

The mean difference in femoral component anteversion between intraoperative and postoperative CT measurements (system accuracy of component anteversion) was 0.8° (SD 1.8°) in the Exeter group and 2.1° (SD 2.3°) in the Accolade II group, respectively (p = 0.020). The mean difference in anteversion between the plan and the postoperative CT measurements (clinical accuracy of femoral component anteversion) was 1.2° (SD 3.6°) in the Exeter group, and 4.2° (SD 3.9°) in the Accolade II group (p = 0.003). No significant differences were found in acetabular component inclination and anteversion; however, the clinical accuracy of combined anteversion was significantly better in the Exeter group (0.6° (SD 3.9°)) than the Accolade II group (3.6° (SD 4.1°)).

Conclusion

The Mako THA system and software helps surgeons control the femoral component anteversion to achieve the target angle of insertion. The Exeter femoral component, inserted using Mako THA system, showed greater precision for femoral component and combined component anteversion than the Accolade II component.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):104–109.
Clinical and radiological outcomes with an augmented baseplate for superior glenoid wear in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Park Jong H. , Lee Jong H. , Kim Dae Y. , Kim Hyun G. , Kim Jae S. , Lee Sang M. , Kim Su C. , Yoo Jae C.
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the impact of using the metal-augmented glenoid baseplate (AGB) on improving clinical and radiological outcomes, as well as reducing complications, in patients with superior glenoid wear undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Methods

From January 2016 to June 2021, out of 235 patients who underwent primary RSA, 24 received a superior-AGB after off-axis reaming (Group A). Subsequently, we conducted propensity score matching in a 1:3 ratio, considering sex, age, follow-up duration, and glenoid wear (superior-inclination and retroversion), and selected 72 well-balanced matched patients who received a standard glenoid baseplate (STB) after eccentric reaming (Group B). Superior-inclination, retroversion, and lateral humeral offset (LHO) were measured to assess preoperative glenoid wear and postoperative correction, as well as to identify any complications. Clinical outcomes were measured at each outpatient visit before and after surgery.

Results

There were no significant differences in demographic data and preoperative characteristics between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures (visual analogue scale for pain, visual analogue scale for function, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Constant, and Simple Shoulder Test scores) from preoperative to final assessment (p < 0.001). However, AGB showed no additional benefit. Notably, within range of motion, Group B showed significant postoperative decrease in both external rotation and internal rotation, unlike Group A (p = 0.028 and 0.003, respectively). Both groups demonstrated a significant correction of superior-inclination after surgery, while patients in Group B exhibited a significant decrease in LHO postoperatively (p = 0.001). Regarding complications, Group A experienced more acromial stress fractures (3 cases; 12.5%), whereas Group B had a higher occurrence of scapular notching (24 cases; 33.3%) (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Both eccentric reaming with STB and off-axis reaming with AGB are effective methods for addressing superior glenoid wear in RSA, leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with eccentric reaming, which include excessive bone loss leading to reduced rotation and scapular notching.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):268–276.
The rise of the machines
Authors: Yassin Nuha
Published: March 2024

We must ensure balanced surgical training for all trainees.
Training for open paediatric surgery
Authors: Wheeler R , Stedman F , Hall N
Published: March 2024

What are the challenges faced by paediatric surgical trainees looking to gain experience in open surgery?
Celebrating 100 years of the academic chair of surgery at St Mary’s Hospital, London
Authors: Fletcher T , Lawson J , Gan J , Ugwu F , Pouncy A , Luintel A , Grailey K , Feather C , Davids J , Sodergren M , Bicknell C , Liddle A , Anticliffe D , Riga C , Mayer E , Ashrafian H , Darzi A , Kinross J
Published: March 2024

On 26 April 2023, past and present members of the department of surgery and cancer as well as those of wider supporting medical specialties of St Mary’s Hospital (SMH), London, congregated at the Royal Society under the headship of Professor Ara Darzi to celebrate 100 years since the establishment of an academic chair of surgery at SMH. The day also sought to recognise the global impact this institution has had on the surgical field over the past century and to look forwards to the major innovations that will shape the next. The event was divided into nine key sessions: cancer and minimally invasive surgery, vascular surgery, trauma and orthopaedic surgery, medicine’s impact on surgery, design, surgical education, artificial intelligence and digital health, patient safety, and allied technologies.

In this article, we describe the founding of academic surgical units in the UK, and also present the key surgical ‘firsts’, breakthroughs and innovations realised at SMH in each of these realms. We finish with a look forwards to what the future holds for this institution and indeed the field of surgery as a whole.
Essay on Poisons: Thomas Castle, 1845
Authors: Christodoulou Maria
Published: March 2024

A look at the beautiful illustrations, practical advice and information in the little pocketbook of poisons, written by Thomas Castle.
Meat, Flesh, Skin: The Carnality Of The Secret Agent
Authors: Kreilkamp Ivan
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This essay considers Conrad’s novel The Secret Agent in relation to what I will suggest are several relevant intertexts or sources for it—including Upton Sinclair’s famous muckraking 1906 exposé of the conditions in the Chicago stockyards, The Jungle , as well as Classical mythological tales depicting “cannibal feasts.” I point to these sources in order to argue that Conrad uses the novel to consider the question of the overlap between the direct violence of terrorism and the less direct violence of meat production. The novel, I suggest, can be read as an extended meditation on the embodied nature of human flesh.
Hohlraum fields with monoenergetic proton radiography at OMEGA
Authors: Pearcy Jacob A. , Sutcliffe Graeme D. , Johnson Timothy M. , Reichelt Benjamin L. , Dannhoff Skylar G. , Lawrence Yousef , Frenje Johan , Gatu-Johnson Maria , Petrasso Rich D. , Li Chikang
Published: March 2024

A more complete understanding of laser-driven hohlraum plasmas is
critical for the continued development and improvement of ICF
experiments. In these hohlraums, self-generated electric and magnetic
fields can play an important role in modifying plasma properties such
as heat transport; however, the strength and distribution of
electromagnetic fields in such hohlraums remain largely uncertain. To
explore this question, we conducted experiments at the OMEGA laser
facility, using monoenergetic proton radiography to probe laser-driven
vacuum hohlraums. We then utilized reconstructive methods to recover
information about proton deflections. To interpret these
reconstructions, a new technique for detangling the contributions of
electric and magnetic fields to proton deflections was developed. This
work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the
National Laser Users’ Facility, and the Laboratory for Laser
Energetics.
Inter-module gap filling method for photon counting detectors based on dual acquisition
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Xi Xiaoqi , Han Yu , Tan Siyu , Li Lei , Lu Xuejing , Yan Bin
Published: March 2024

The use of photon counting detectors in X-ray imaging missions can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and image resolution. However, the stitching of photon counting detector modules leads to large-size localized information loss in the acquired projected image, which seriously affects the regional observation. In this paper, we propose a method to fill the inter-module gap based on dual acquisition, referred to as the GFDA algorithm, which is divided into three main steps: (i) acquire the main projection by short-exposure scanning, and then scan again by vertically moving the carrier table to acquire the reference projection; (ii) use the alignment method to locate the projected region of interest; (iii) use image stitching and image fusion to recover the missing information. We analyzed the gray value of the region of interest of the Siemens star projection and the reconstructed conch slice data, and proved that the proposed method can recover the information more smoothly and perfectly. The GFDA algorithm is able to achieve a better image restoration effect without additional scanning time and better retain image details. In addition, the GFDA algorithm is scalable, which is demonstrated in the task of filling the stitching of multiple types of photonic technology detectors.
Surface hardness determination of laser cladding using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning (PLSR, CNN, ResNet, and DRSN)
Authors: Yang Jiacheng , Kong Linghua , Ye Hongji
Published: March 2024

In this study, we employed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) along with machine learning algorithms, which encompass partial least squares regression (PLSR), the deep convolutional neural network (CNN), the deep residual neural network (ResNet), and the deep residual shrinkage neural network (DRSN), to estimate the surface hardness of laser cladding layers. (The layers were produced using Fe316L, FeCrNiCu, Ni25, FeCrNiB, and Fe313 powders, with 45 steel and Q235 serving as substrates.) The research findings indicate that both linear and nonlinear models can effectively fit the relationship between LIBS spectra and surface hardness. Particularly, the model derived from the ResNet exhibits superior performance with an R2 value as high as 0.9967. We hypothesize that the inclusion of numerous noises in the LIBS spectra contributes to the enhanced predictive capability for surface hardness, thereby leading to the superior performance of the ResNet compared to the DRSN.
Ultra-compact SOI-based higher-order mode pass wavelength demultiplexer
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Pan Weiwei , Ji Chen
Published: March 2024

We propose an ultra-compact mode filtering wavelength demultiplexer design with a footprint of 3µm×3µm. Our device can route input TE1 mode signals at 1310 nm and 1550 nm to different output ports while simultaneously blocking fundamental transverse electric (TE0) mode input. Our device is designed based on the topology optimization algorithm, which results in an ultra-compact footprint combining wavelength routing and mode filtering functions for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our final optimized devices demonstrated insertion losses of 1.26 dB and 1.47 dB for the C- and O-band output ports, respectively, with inter-port crosstalk as low as −21.25dB and −30.99dB. The extinction ratios between TE1 mode and TE0 mode are 24.02 dB and 30.12 dB at the 1310 nm and 1550 nm output ports. The combination of small footprint, broad transmission bandwidth, TE1 to TE0 mode selectively filtering, and C- and O-band TE1 mode demultiplexing functions make this a uniquely versatile device that can play an important role in future high density mode-wavelength multiplexing systems.
Description and reconstruction of typical structured light beams with vector spherical wave functions
Authors: Shi Yiyu , Cui Zhiwei , Liu Zhanfei , Ren Shuaishuai , Wu Fuping
Published: March 2024

It is well known that the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (GLMT) is a rigorous analytical method for dealing with the interaction between light beams and spherical particles, which involves the description and reconstruction of the light beams with vector spherical wave functions (VSWFs). In this paper, a detailed study on the description and reconstruction of the typical structured light beams with VSWFs is reported. We first systematically derive the so-called beam shape coefficients (BSCs) of typical structured light beams, including the fundamental Gaussian beam, Hermite–Gaussian beam, Laguerre–Gaussian beam, Bessel beam, and Airy beam, with the aid of the angular spectrum decomposition method. Then based on the derived BSCs, we reconstruct these structured light beams using VSWFs and compare the results of the reconstructed beams with those of the original beams. Our results will be useful in the study of the interaction of typical structured light beams with spherical particles in the framework of GLMT.
Transport of intensity and phase: applications to digital holography [Invited]
Authors: Alanazi Nouf A. , Scott Austin M. , Al-Ghezi Hammid , Faryad Muhammad , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Banerjee Partha P.
Published: March 2024

We first review transport of intensity and phase and show their use as a convenient tool to directly determine the unwrapped phase of an imaged object, either through conventional imaging or using digital holography. For both cases, either the traditional transport of intensity and phase, or with a modification, viz., electrically controllable transport of intensity and phase, can be used. The use of digital holography with transport of intensity for 3D topographic mapping of fingermarks coated with columnar thin films is shown as an illustrative application of this versatile technique.
Passive magnetic-free broadband optical isolator based on unidirectional self-induced transparency
Authors: Wu Haodong , Tang Jiangshan , Chen Mingyuan , Xiao Min , Lu Yanqing , Xia Keyu , Nori Franco
Published: March 2024

Achieving a broadband nonreciprocal device without gain and any external bias is very challenging and highly desirable for modern photonic technologies and quantum networks. Here we theoretically propose a passive and magnetic-free all-optical isolator for a femtosecond laser pulse by exploiting a new mechanism of unidirectional self-induced transparency, obtained with a nonlinear medium followed by a normal absorbing medium at one side. The transmission contrast between the forward and backward directions can reach 14.3 dB for a 2π − 5 fs laser pulse. The 20 dB bandwidth is about 56 nm, already comparable with a magneto-optical isolator. This work provides a new mechanism which may benefit non-magnetic isolation of ultrashort laser pulses.
Method of generating speckle patterns for digital image correlation based on modified Conway’s Game of Life
Authors: Wen Yuxin , Wang Jianli , Zheng Le , Chen Song , An Haoming , Li Long , Long Yu
Published: March 2024

The measurement accuracy of digital image correlation (DIC) is influenced by the quality of the speckle pattern. Although various models for generating random speckle patterns have been well discussed, obtaining appropriate speckle images with isotropic quality and performance could be a challenging issue in DIC. In this paper, we propose a novel (to our knowledge) method for generating speckle patterns based on modified Conway’s game of life (GoL). By sequentially assembling the speckle patterns generated from the modified GoL, we produced the GoL speckle image. Then, verification and comparison experiments were conducted through pure in-plane translations. The results show that the generated speckle image which was resized with k
s
=6&k
r
=2 processing and subsequently fuzzified using a Gaussian filter, produces the best accuracy for DIC measurement. Furthermore, based on the rigid body in-plane rotation displacement tests in the physical experimental results of three different speckle images, the GoL speckle generated from our proposed method shows the smallest measurement error. This indicates that the proposed speckle patterns generating method could provide a new type of speckle pattern with better quality and accuracy.
Energetic picosecond 10.2-μm pulses generated in a BGGSe crystal for nonlinear seeding of terawatt-class CO2 amplifiers
Authors: Yang Ya-Po , Lee Jheng-Yu , Wang Jyhpyng
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate what we believe to be a new approach to energetic picosecond 10.2-µm pulse generation based on nonlinear mixing of subnanosecond single-frequency 1338-nm pulses and broadband 1540-nm chirped pulses in a BGGSe crystal followed by a grating compressor for the purpose of seeding high-power CO2 amplifiers. The energy of the 10.2-µm pulses exceeding 60 µJ with 3.4%-rms fluctuation can be routinely obtained. Single-shot pulse duration measurement, performed by Kerr polarization rotation time-resolved by a streak camera, together with the pulse spectrum, indicates the pulse width is between 2.7-3 ps. Numerical calculations show that power broadening and dynamic gain saturation with Rabi-flopping can be induced with such an intense seed in a multi-atmospheric CO2 amplifier. These nonlinear effects greatly suppresses pulse splitting due to the comb-like spectrum of the CO2 molecule. A peak power exceeding 1 TW is expected after multipass of amplification while maintaining an appropriate high intensity by controlling the beam size along the path.
Demonstration of 651 nm InGaN-based red light-emitting diode with an external quantum efficiency over 6% by InGaN/AlN strain release interlayer
Authors: Xing Kun , Hu Junwei , Pan Zhengwei , Xia Zhihu , Jin Zhengxian , Wang Liancheng , Jiang Xiaolong , Wang Haifeng , Zeng Hong , Wang Xiujuan
Published: March 2024

This work reports a high-performance InGaN-based red-emitting LED with a strain-release interlayer (SRI) consisting of an InGaN stress-release layer (SRL) and an AlN dislocation confinement layer (DCL) in unintentionally doped GaN (u-GaN). The SRL introduces a tensile strain which could decrease the in-plane compressive stress of the u-GaN layer, while the DCL could reduce the dislocation density and thus improve the crystal quality of the u-GaN layer. Consequently, a high-efficiency InGaN-based red-emitting LED with a peak wavelength of 651 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 6.04% is realized. In addition, the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) mapping emission wavelength is uniform across a 4-inch wafer with a standard deviation of 3.3 nm. Therefore, the proposed SRI offers good potential for mass-producing high-performance and long-wavelength InGaN-based red-emitting LEDs.