bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atuação do profissional enfermeiro frente ao paciente portador de Lesão Por Pressão
Authors: Silva Jose Willian Lima da , Caldas Geovanna Renaissa Ferreira , Batista Francisco de Assis Moura , Santos Lohany Stéfhany Alves dos , Sousa Maria Paloma Lima , Moura Victor Augusto , Costa Eva Natalina Ferreira , Soares Ivo da Silva , Branco Flávia Martins , Silva Dayane Martins da , Santos Adriana Soares , Silva Jackson da , Monte Emanuel Cardoso , Landim Cintia Nadhia Alencar , Moura Maria Elisa Regina Benjamin de , Silva Cicero Rafael Lopes da , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira
Published: June 2021

Objetivou-se analisar as produções científicas sobre a assistência de enfermagem frente ao paciente portador de LPP, com a finalidade de se ter uma compreensão acerca dessa assistência prestada. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de cunho descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, através da busca nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e na Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com utilização dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermeiro, Assistência e Lesão Por Pressão em associação ao operador booleano AND, obtendo a totalidade de 10 artigos para compor o estudo. Pode-se notar a importância do conhecimento e da assistência do profissional de enfermagem frente ao paciente portador de LPP. A importância da assistência qualificada do enfermeiro baseada não somente no conhecimento empírico, mas principalmente no contexto científico, se mantendo atualizado para um melhor entendimento sobre a forma de prevenir e tratar uma LPP, de maneira com que não ocorra percas acima do normal para a família e para o paciente que necessita desses cuidados.
A influência das redes sociais no uso irracional de medicamentos para combate ao COVID-19 por estudantes do curso de farmácia e profissionais de uma instituição de ensino superior privada
Authors: Santos Karina Kelly Assis , Santos Tayanne Andrade dos , Luz Dalilla Arruda
Published: June 2021

A facilidade de acesso à informação por meio das diversas redes sociais, tornou-se potencialmente nocivo, tendo em vista, o costumeiro hábito da população de indicar medicamentos para um parente, amigo ou conhecido por meio do uso de consulta das redes sociais tem levado ao aumento do uso irracional de medicamentos.  Dessa maneira, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o quanto a hiperinformação aumentou o uso irracional de medicamentos e a automedicação durante a pandemia do COVID-19, além das consequências da disseminação de Fake News a respeito do tratamento da doença sem a orientação de um profissional habilitado. Foi utilizada uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva com aplicação de questionário online para alunos do curso de farmácia e funcionários de uma faculdade particular do interior da Bahia, contendo 54 participantes. Os resultados foram significativos, a respeito da influência dessas redes sociais no consumo de medicamentos principalmente para o tratamento preventivo do COVID-19, cerca de 73,6% dos indivíduos realizaram a automedicação por medo de se contaminar, embora 81,9% desses participantes não se enquadrarem no grupo de risco. Além disso, grande parte dos entrevistados relataram estar mais ansiosos e estressados com as informações veiculadas.  Apesar dos vários meios disponíveis para se obter informações se faz necessário uma maior fiscalização em relação a veracidade das notícias e informes circulantes. Deste modo é necessario a valorização do profissional da saúde, principalmente o farmacêutico responsável pelo último elo entre o paciente e o cuidado continuado que auxilia na diminuição da automedicação.
Representações sociais e perfil sorológico para sífilis adquirida em idosos de uma região de vulnerabilidade no Brasil
Authors: Albino Filho Marcelo Alexandre , Bordin Solange Aparecida Meurer , Buriola Aline Aparecida , Batista Keila Zaniboni Siqueira , Biadola Ana Paula , Costa Sergio Marques , Rodrigues Marcus Vinicius Pimenta
Published: June 2021

Nas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo das ISTs entre a população da faixa etária superior a 60 anos. O objetivo foi avaliar o perfil sorológico e as representações sociais sobre a Sífilis em idosos. Para avaliar o perfil sorológico desse grupo foi realizado o teste imunocromatográfico treponêmico. Os testes foram realizados em 133 participantes, com idade entre 60 e 84 anos de ambos os sexos, com resultado não reagente em 100% dos casos. As representações sociais da sífilis para os idosos é de se tratar de uma doença perigosa, porém alguns dos entrevistados não a associaram como uma doença. Além disso, a maioria deles relaciona o uso de preservativos como método de prevenção de doenças, porém com baixa adesão ao uso. Os nossos resultados apontam que os idosos são vulnerais a sífilis.
Extração, caracterização e avaliação microbiológica de óleos essenciais de rejeitos de frutas cítricas comerciais
Authors: Borges Gabriela Borba Vilela , Machado Ana Maria de Resende , Gomes Fátima de Cássia Oliveira , Garcia Cleverson Fernando
Published: June 2021

Com o aumento da produção de resíduos oriundos de processamento de alimentos diversas medidas estão sendo implementadas gerando benefícios que ultrapassam as questões ambientais. Este trabalho propôs o reaproveitamento de cascas de frutas cítricas excedentes de estabelecimentos comerciais, por meio da extração de óleos essenciais (OEs). Avaliou-se sua eficácia antimicrobiana, os parâmetros físico-químicos, sua constituição química e os padrões de agrupamento dos OEs com base em análises estatísticas. Os OEs foram extraídos das cascas pelo método de hidrodestilação. Determinou-se o índice de refração, densidade relativa e solubilidade em etanol 90%. A identificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio da GC-MS e para os agrupamentos das amostras utilizou-se PCA e HCA. Para a atividade antimicrobiana utilizou-se a técnica de difusão de disco, utilizando duas leveduras (Candida parapsilosis e Candida krusei) e duas bactérias (Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli). Constatou-se que os OEs dos cultivares de laranja apresentam maior rendimento de extração e as análises físico-químicas foram similares entre os cultivares de laranja e limão. Identificou-se 61 componentes nos OEs, sendo o d-limoneno majoritário. A PCA e a HCA revelaram agrupamentos que corroboram com as cultivares laranjas, limões e mexerica. Todos os microrganismos foram sensíveis aos OEs dos limões e da mexerica e a E. coli foi sensível a todos os OEs. Por sua vez, a bactéria S. aureus se mostrou resistente aos OEs dos cultivares de laranja. Constatou-se que o reaproveitamento do excedente das cascas de frutas cítricas é viável, sendo os OEs eficazes contra determinados microrganismos.
Proposta á otimização da admissão de trabalhadores mediante os princípios básicos da gestão da informação
Authors: Lopes Patrícia Lorrany Oliveira , Miranda Patrícia Nadir de , Iwafune Sandro Takeo Caires , Martins Tálita Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo discorre sobre um tema que, segundo o representante da empresa UPTEC Construção e Tecnologia Ltda. (UPTEC) têm sido um gargalo entre o setor de produção e o admissional: a liberação do trabalhador, mesmo após este ter sido aprovado para se admitido na empresa. O problema é que alguns trabalhadores tendem a não apresentar dois tipos de certificados de porte obrigatório em áreas da elétrica, segundo a Norma Regulamentadora (NR), NR-10, item 10.8/Treinamento, posta na Portaria Ministerial nº 3.214/Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho (SMT) (BRASIL,1978): um é relativo a curso básico, onde se ministra as regras básicas sobre o trabalho em eletricidade, tipo os direitos e os deveres em áreas da prevenção e o outro curso é sobre o Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP), onde temas relacionados à profissão, tipo como trabalhar de maneira segura com vistas a produtividade. Para realizar esse estudo fez-se uma coleta de dados e de informações via e-mail para alguns trabalhadores da área da elétrica, com vistas saber destes como foi o momento da apresentação/entrega dos certificados requeridos no item 10.8/NR-10. Para processar os dados utilizou-se o sistema operacional Windows®, na plataforma Excel, para tabular e algumas ferramentas da qualidade, tipo a folha de verificação, o histograma, o gráfico de Pareto. Os resultados do estudo apontaram que a utilização de ferramentas da qualidade pode auxiliar na tomada de decisões gerenciais e como proposta à melhoria do processo admissional, um plano de ação foi elaborado.
HEAVY METALS IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED INGREDIENTS IN BANGLADESH: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO OUR NEXT GENERATION
Authors: Akter Asia , Mondol Prof Dr. Md. Nadiruzzaman , Chamon Prof Dr. Afrose Sultana , Faiz Prof Dr. Syed Mohammad Abu
Published: June 2021

Hazaribagh the area of leather processing industries; is the main place of Bangladesh from
where the poultry and fish feed have produced and supplied all over the country. Solid tannery waste
and sliced- cut pieces of skin and hide are proteineceous. These wastes are converted to protein
- concentrate to be used in poultry feed, fish feed and bio fertilizer without any appropriate treatment.
Although total Chromium content in tannery waste based poultry and fish feed has been determined
previously but no studies appear to have been on others heavy metals i.e. Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn and Fe.
AAS is used to determine the heavy metals concentration in ppm. A total three types of sample
were collected from different location of sampling site. The sample represents the various stages of
protein - concentrate production from solid waste to final products i.e. poultry and fish feed ingredients.
All heavy metals were not only detected in all sample type but also significantly higher than the MAC value for poultry and fish feed ingredients and cross the permissible limit for human.
MODELING THE LIKELIHOOD FAILURE OF AGING UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
Authors: Abdalla Mohammed Abbas Zakaria , Shukri M.I.
Published: June 2021

Pipeline is a valuable asset transporting very
dangerous materials, so it has been safe and reliable,
Tradition methods of maintenance are not enough.
Applied failure predicting techniques is the important for
environment and economy.
Modeling is constructed for the failure frequency of
underground pipelines per kilometer year, as a function of
pipe and environmental characteristics. The parameters in
the model were quantified, with uncertainty, using
historical data and structured expert judgment. Fifteen
experts from institutes in the Netherlands, the United
Kingdom, Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Denmark and Canada participated in the study.
PREDICTION OF CAVITATION ON KAPLAN TURBINES USING FUZZY LOGIC MODELLING
Authors: Adam Abdullah Mohammed , Elmahi Fath Elrahman , Shukri M.I
Published: June 2021

Cavitation is a serious problem causes
surface erosion in hydraulic turbines as a result of
evaporation and condensation of water due to pressure
change, it typically causes noise, vibration and finally
limits the operating range of the turbine, The present
paper deals with a numerical method for prediction of
cavitation damage level on Kaplan turbines. A method
was applied to predict the intensity of cavitation damage
to using the Fuzzy Logic System. Five levels of damage
intensity were considered to predict cavitation damage in
the Kaplan turbines of Rosaries Dam in Sudan.
According to the results, the proposed model could
properly predict the intensity of cavitation damage in
comparison with the actual reports in the past critical
periods, flood season, water restriction and black out
times. The fuzzy logic (Mamadani system) is applied
with aid of MATLAB in three input cases, first is for
cavitation index only, second is for flow velocity only,
and finally is the combination of both cavitation index and flow velocity governed by 25 (AND) intersection rules. Two output results could be
gained into two formats one is a (2D) rule viewer and the other is (3D) surface viewer from which a decision making can be taken after converting the output linguistic terms into crisp, efficient and suitable values.
EMPLOYEE’S PRODUCTIVITY IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Ahirwar Sachin , Tomar Akash
Published: June 2021

Training is aimed in improving the conduct and
performance of workers. Worker commitment is the level
of responsibility and association a worker has towards the
organization and its qualities. The information required
for the examination had been accumulated from both
primary and secondary data. Every one of these exercises
focus on progress of workers productivity. Convenient
sampling is utilized and descriptive exploration is received.
The center piece of the investigation lies in the analysis and
interpretation. It was discovered that training has positive
and critical effect on worker's productivity in Indian
Automobile industry. Through this research we can build
up a conceptual framework for future research that
focuses around workers performance improvement. The
research was lead for workers working in automobile
industry with respect to effectiveness of the training
programs in industries.
The Gestell from Hell: Philosophy Sets Up ‘America’
Authors: Ronell Avital
Published: June 2021

‘America’, bloated with philosophical significance, serves as a meeting grounds for Heidegger and Derrida, flagging theoretical standoffs, identity crashes, a Nietzscean tipoff, and unstoppable poetry wars. Also featuring psychoanalytical stopovers and Rilkean putdowns..
Nutritional Management With a Casein-Based Extensively Hydrolysed Formula in Infants With Clinical Manifestations of Non-IgE-Mediated CMPA Enteropathies and Constipation
Authors: Sekkidou Mikaela , Muhardi Leilani , Constantinou Constantina , Kudla Urszula , Vandenplas Yvan , Nicolaou Nicolaos
Published: June 2021

Background: The majority of mixed-fed infants with non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) enteropathies are managed with an extensively hydrolysed cow's milk based infant formula (eHF). Given the high variability in peptide distribution of available eHFs, it is important to understand the suitability of a specific product in the management of distinct phenotypes.

Objective: To assess the symptom resolution of various phenotypes of clinical manifestations of CMPA enteropathies and constipation managed by a casein-based eHF.

Methods: The data of 20 full-term infants (n = 15 with non-IgE-mediated CMPA and n = 5 with constipation) attending a paediatric allergy clinic in Cyprus and managed with a casein-based eHF were retrospectively analysed.

Results: Based on the clinical symptoms and history, infants were classified into the following phenotypes: (a) 11/15 (73.3%) FPIAP, (b) 3/15 (20%) FPIES, and (c) 1/15 (6.7%) severe diarrhoea. Overall, 14 (93.3%) patients were successfully managed with the casein-based eHF and 1 (6.7%) required an AAF. This formula was effective in 91% of patients with FPIAP, in 100% with FPIES and with diarrhoea. Three (60%) patients with constipation responded to the eHF.

Conclusion: This case-series report supports the efficacy of a particular casein-based eHF for the nutritional management of non-IgE mediated CMPA enteropathies.
Murine Metatarsus Bone and Joint Collagen-I Fiber Morphologies and Networks Studied With SHG Multiphoton Imaging
Authors: Vielreicher Martin , Bozec Aline , Schett Georg , Friedrich Oliver
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammatory disease of bones and joints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, gout, etc.), but also acute bone injury and healing, or degenerative resorptive processes inducing osteoporosis, are associated with structural remodeling that ultimately have impact on function. For instance, bone stability is predominantly orchestrated by the structural arrangement of extracellular matrix fibrillar networks, i.e., collagen-I, -IV, elastin, and other proteins. These components may undergo distinct network density and orientation alterations that may be causative for decreased toughness, resilience and load bearing capacity or even increased brittleness. Diagnostic approaches are usually confined to coarse imaging modalities of X-ray or computer tomography that only provide limited optical resolution and lack specificity to visualize the fibrillary collagen network. However, studying collagen structure at the microscopic scale is of considerable interest to understand the mechanisms of tissue pathologies. Multiphoton Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, is able to visualize the sterical topology of the collagen-I fibrillar network in 3D, in a minimally invasive and label-free manner. Penetration depths exceed those of conventional visible light imaging and can be further optimized through employing decalcification or optical clearing processing ex vivo. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to use SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence (2-PEF) imaging to mainly characterize the fibrillary collagen organization within ex vivo decalcified normal mouse metatarsus bone and joint. The results show that the technique resolved the fibrillar collagen network of complete bones and joints with almost no artifacts and enabled to study the complex collagen-I networks with various fiber types (straight, crimped) and network arrangements of mature and woven bone with high degree of detail. Our imaging approach enabled to identify cavities within both cortical and trabecular bone architecture as well as interfaces with sharply changing fiber morphology and network structure both within bone, in tendon and ligament and within joint areas. These possibilities are highly advantageous since the technology can easily be applied to animal models, e.g., of rheumatoid arthritis to study structural effects of chronic joint inflammation, and to many others and to compare to the structure of human bone.
Detection of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcriptome in Human Fetal Kidneys and Kidney Organoids Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Hwang Jin Wook , Desterke Christophe , Loisel-Duwattez Julien , Griscelli Frank , Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Turhan Ali G.
Published: June 2021

Background

In mammalians, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise in the dorsal aorta from the hemogenic endothelium, followed by their migration to the fetal liver and to the bone marrow. In zebrafish, the kidney is the site of primary hematopoiesis. In humans, the presence of HSCs in the fetal or adult kidney has not been established.

Methods

We analyzed the presence of HSC markers in the human fetal kidneys by analysis of single-cell datasets. We then analyzed in kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) the presence of hematopoietic markers using transcriptome analyses.

Results

Twelve clusters were identified as stromal, endothelial, and nephron cell type-specific markers in the two fetal stage (17 weeks) kidney datasets. Among these, the expression of hematopoietic cells in cluster 9 showed an expression of primitive markers. Moreover, whole transcriptome analysis of our iPSC-derived kidney organoids revealed induction of the primitive hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1 as found in the human fetal kidney cortex.

Conclusion

These finding support the presence of cells expressing HSC transcriptome in the human kidney. The mechanisms of the appearance of the cells with the same transcriptional features during iPSC-derived kidney organoid generation require further investigation.
Genome-Wide Histone H3K27 Acetylation Profiling Identified Genes Correlated With Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Xiong Dan , Liu Qian , Luo Yiling , Tian Yuhan , Xiao Xi , Sang Ye , Liu Yihao , Hong Shubin , Yu Shuang , Li Jie , Lv Weiming , Li Yanbing , Tang Zhonghui , Liu Rengyun , Zhong Qian , Xiao Haipeng
Published: June 2021

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, and papillary TC (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of TC, accounting for 85–90% of all the cases. Aberrant histone acetylation contributes to carcinogenesis by inducing the dysregulation of certain cancer-related genes. However, the histone acetylation landscape in PTC remains elusive. Here, we interrogated the epigenomes of PTC and benign thyroid nodule (BTN) tissues by applying H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) along with RNA-sequencing. By comparing the epigenomic features between PTC and BTN, we detected changes in H3K27ac levels at active regulatory regions, identified PTC-specific super-enhancer-associated genes involving immune-response and cancer-related pathways, and uncovered several genes that associated with disease-free survival of PTC. In summary, our data provided a genome-wide landscape of histone modification in PTC and demonstrated the role of enhancers in transcriptional regulations associated with prognosis of PTC.
The Role of Alternatives in Language
Authors: Repp Sophie , Spalek Katharina
Published: June 2021

In this review we provide a discussion of the concept of alternatives and its role in linguistic and psycholinguistic theorizing in the context of the contributions that have appeared in the Frontiers Research TopicThe Role of Alternatives in Language. We are discussing the linguistic phenomena for which alternatives have been argued to play a paramount role: negation, counterfactual sentences, scalar implicatures and exhaustivity, focus, contrastive topics, and sentences with bare plurals and with definite plurals. We review in how far alternatives are relevant for these phenomena and how this relevance has been captured by theoretical linguistic accounts. Regarding processing, we discuss the mental activation of alternatives: its mandatory vs. optional nature, its time course. We also address the methodological issue of how experimental studies operationalize alternatives. Finally, we explore the phenomenon of individual variation, which increasingly attracts attention in linguistics. In sum, this review gives an inclusive and broad discussion of alternatives by bringing together different research strands whose findings and theoretical proposals can advance our knowledge of alternatives in inspiring cross-fertilization.
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10, A Novel Oncogene, Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xing , Shi Min , Cao Jun , Yuan Tianwen , Yu Guanzhen , Chen Ying , Fang Wenzheng , Li Hongwei
Published: June 2021

Hepatocarcinogenesis is a highly complicated process that is promoted by a series of oncogenes. Our study aims to identify novel oncogenes promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. Here, we reported that S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10) was screened out as a potential novel oncogene in HCC by integrated analysis of OEP000321 dataset and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Liver-Cancer data. Furthermore, S100A10 was highly expressed in HCC samples and observably associated with patients’ overall survival (OS). Overexpression of S100A10 in Hep3B and Huh-7 increased the cell proliferation, whereas downregulation of S100A10 in SK-Hep-1 and HepG2 cells reduced the cell viability to almost stop growing. In vivo tumor growth assays showed that S100A10-overexpressing Hep3B cells had a larger tumor size than control. Moreover, S100A10 overexpression promoted Hep3B cells migration and invasion, and S100A10 knockdown inhibited SK-Hep-1 cells migration and invasion, in vitro. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that S100A10 is a novel oncogene in HCC, indicating a possible novel therapeutic strategy of HCC.
Hepatopancreas-Specific Lectin Participates in the Antibacterial Immune Response by Regulating the Expression of Antibacterial Proteins
Authors: Cao Xiao-Tong , Pan Xiao-Yi , Sun Meng , Liu Yan , Lan Jiang-Feng
Published: June 2021

The hepatopancreas is an important digestive and immune organ in crustacean. There were low but stable numbers of microbes living in the hemolymph of crustacean, whereas the organs (including hepatopancreas) of crustacean were immersed in the hemolymph. It is very important to study the immune mechanism of the hepatopancreas against bacteria. In this study, a novel CTL (HepCL) with two CRDs, which was mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas, was identified in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). HepCL binds to bacteria in vitro and could enhance bacterial clearance in vivo. Compared with the C-terminal CRD of HepCL (HepCL-C), the N-terminal CRD (HepCL-N) showed weaker bacterial binding ability in vitro and stronger bacterial clearance activity in vivo. The expression of some antimicrobial proteins, such as FLP, ALF1 and ALF5, was downregulated under knockdown of HepCL or blocked with Anti-HepCL after challenge with Vibrio in crayfish. These results demonstrated that HepCL might be involved in the antibacterial immune response by regulating the expression of antimicrobial proteins.
Continuous Monitoring and Future Projection of Ocean Warming, Acidification, and Deoxygenation on the Subarctic Coast of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Fujii Masahiko , Takao Shintaro , Yamaka Takuto , Akamatsu Tomoo , Fujita Yamato , Wakita Masahide , Yamamoto Akitomo , Ono Tsuneo
Published: June 2021

As the ocean absorbs excessive anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification proceeds, it is thought to be harder for marine calcifying organisms, such as shellfish, to form their skeletons and shells made of calcium carbonate. Recent studies have suggested that various marine organisms, both calcifiers and non-calcifiers, will be affected adversely by ocean warming and deoxygenation. However, regardless of their effects on calcifiers, the spatiotemporal variability of parameters affecting ocean acidification and deoxygenation has not been elucidated in the subarctic coasts of Japan. This study conducted the first continuous monitoring and future projection of physical and biogeochemical parameters of the subarctic coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Our results show that the seasonal change in biogeochemical parameters, with higher pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in winter than in summer, was primarily regulated by water temperature. The daily fluctuations, which were higher in the daytime than at night, were mainly affected by daytime photosynthesis by primary producers and respiration by marine organisms at night. Our projected results suggest that, without ambitious commitment to reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, such as by following the Paris Agreement, the impact of ocean warming and acidification on calcifiers along subarctic coasts will become serious, exceeding the critical level of high temperature for 3 months in summer and being close to the critical level of low saturation state of calcium carbonate for 2 months in mid-winter, respectively, by the end of this century. The impact of deoxygenation might often be prominent assuming that the daily fluctuation in DO concentration in the future is similar to that at present. The results also suggest the importance of adaptation strategies by local coastal industries, especially fisheries, such as modifying aquaculture styles.
Methods to Determine and Analyze the Cellular Spatial Distribution Extracted From Multiplex Immunofluorescence Data to Understand the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger
Published: June 2021

Image analysis using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) to detect different proteins in a single tissue section has revolutionized immunohistochemical methods in recent years. With mIF, individual cell phenotypes, as well as different cell subpopulations and even rare cell populations, can be identified with extraordinary fidelity according to the expression of antibodies in an mIF panel. This technology therefore has an important role in translational oncology studies and probably will be incorporated in the clinic. The expression of different biomarkers of interest can be examined at the tissue or individual cell level using mIF, providing information about cell phenotypes, distribution of cells, and cell biological processes in tumor samples. At present, the main challenge in spatial analysis is choosing the most appropriate method for extracting meaningful information about cell distribution from mIF images for analysis. Thus, knowing how the spatial interaction between cells in the tumor encodes clinical information is important. Exploratory analysis of the location of the cell phenotypes using point patterns of distribution is used to calculate metrics summarizing the distances at which cells are processed and the interpretation of those distances. Various methods can be used to analyze cellular distribution in an mIF image, and several mathematical functions can be applied to identify the most elemental relationships between the spatial analysis of cells in the image and established patterns of cellular distribution in tumor samples. The aim of this review is to describe the characteristics of mIF image analysis at different levels, including spatial distribution of cell populations and cellular distribution patterns, that can increase understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
Using Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators to Study Astrocyte Physiology: A Field Guide
Authors: Lohr Christian , Beiersdorfer Antonia , Fischer Timo , Hirnet Daniela , Rotermund Natalie , Sauer Jessica , Schulz Kristina , Gee Christine E.
Published: June 2021

Ca2+ imaging is the most frequently used technique to study glial cell physiology. While chemical Ca2+ indicators served to visualize and measure changes in glial cell cytosolic Ca2+ concentration for several decades, genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have become state of the art in recent years. Great improvements have been made since the development of the first GECI and a large number of GECIs with different physical properties exist, rendering it difficult to select the optimal Ca2+ indicator. This review discusses some of the most frequently used GECIs and their suitability for glial cell research.
Vertigo Associated With Cochlear Implant Surgery: Correlation With Vertigo Diagnostic Result, Electrode Carrier, and Insertion Angle
Authors: Weinmann Charlotte , Baumann Uwe , Leinung Martin , Stöver Timo , Helbig Silke
Published: June 2021

Objective: Vertigo is a common side effect of cochlear implant (CI) treatment. This prospective study examines the incidence of postoperative vertigo over time and aims to analyze influencing factors such as electrode design and insertion angle (IA).

Study Design and Setting: This is a prospective study which has been conducted at a tertiary referral center (academic hospital).

Patients: A total of 29 adults were enrolled and received a unilateral CI using one of six different electrode carriers, which were categorized into “structure-preserving” (I), “potentially structure-preserving” (II), and “not structure-preserving” (III).

Intervention: Subjective vertigo was assessed by questionnaires at five different time-points before up to 6 months after surgery. The participants were divided into four groups depending on the time of the presence of vertigo before and after surgery. Preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively, a comprehensive vertigo diagnosis consisting of Romberg test, Unterberger test, subjective visual vertical, optokinetic test, video head impulse test, and caloric irrigation test was performed. In addition, the IA was determined, and the patients were divided in two groups (<430°; ≥430°).

Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of vertigo after CI surgery (group 1) was reported, as well as the correlation of subjective vertigo with electrode array categories (I–III) and IA.

Results: Among the participants, 45.8% experienced new vertigo after implantation. Based on the questionnaire data, a vestibular origin was suspected in 72.7%. The results did not show a significant correlation with subjective vertigo for any of the performed tests. In group 1 with postoperative vertigo, 18% of patients showed conspicuous results in a quantitative analysis of caloric irrigation test despite the fact that the category I or II electrodes were implanted, which are suitable for structure preservation. Average IA was 404° for the overall group and 409° for group 1. There was no statistically significant correlation between IA and perceived vertigo.

Conclusions: Though vertigo after CI surgery seems to be a common complication, the test battery used here could not objectify the symptoms. Further studies should clarify whether this is due to the multifactorial cause of vertigo or to the lack of sensitivity of the tests currently in use. The proof of reduced probability for vertigo when using atraumatic electrode carrier was not successful, nor was the proof of a negative influence of the insertion depth.
TRPC1/5-CaV3 Complex Mediates Leptin-Induced Excitability in Hypothalamic Neurons
Authors: Perissinotti Paula P. , Martínez-Hernández Elizabeth , Piedras-Rentería Erika S.
Published: June 2021

Leptin regulates hypothalamic POMC+ (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons by inducing TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Cation) channel-mediate membrane depolarization. The role of TRPC channels in POMC neuron excitability is clearly established; however, it remains unknown whether their activity alone is sufficient to trigger excitability. Here we show that the right-shift voltage induced by the leptin-induced TRPC channel-mediated depolarization of the resting membrane potential brings T-type channels into the active window current range, resulting in an increase of the steady state T-type calcium current from 40 to 70% resulting in increased intrinsic excitability of POMC neurons. We assessed the role and timing of T-type channels on excitability and leptin-induced depolarization in vitro in cultured mouse POMC neurons. The involvement of TRPC channels in the leptin-induced excitability of POMC neurons was corroborated by using the TRPC channel inhibitor 2APB, which precluded the effect of leptin. We demonstrate T-type currents are indispensable for both processes, as treatment with NNC-55-0396 prevented the membrane depolarization and rheobase changes induced by leptin. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that TRPC1/5 channels and CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 channels co-exist in complex. The functional relevance of this complex was corroborated using intracellular Ca2+ chelators; intracellular BAPTA (but not EGTA) application was sufficient to preclude POMC neuron excitability. However, leptin-induced depolarization still occurred in the presence of either BAPTA or EGTA suggesting that the calcium entry necessary to self-activate the TRPC1/5 complex is not blocked by the presence of BAPTA in hypothalamic neurons. Our study establishes T-type channels as integral part of the signaling cascade induced by leptin, modulating POMC neuron excitability. Leptin activation of TRPC channels existing in a macromolecular complex with T-type channels recruits the latter by locally induced membrane depolarization, further depolarizing POMC neurons, triggering action potentials and excitability.
Construction and Validation of a Universal Applicable Prognostic Signature for Gastric Cancer Based on Seven Immune-Related Gene Correlated With Tumor Associated Macrophages
Authors: Huo Junyu , Wu Liqun , Zang Yunjin
Published: June 2021

Background

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the progression of malignant tumors, but the detailed mechanism of TAMs in gastric cancer (GC) is still not fully explored.

Methods

We identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) between GC samples with high and low macrophage infiltration in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. A risk score was constructed based on univariate Cox analysis and Lasso penalized Cox regression analysis in the TCGA cohort (n=341). The optimal cutoff determined by the 5-year time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was considered to classify patients into groups with high and low risk. We conducted external validation of the prognostic signature in four independent cohorts (GSE84437, n=431; GSE62254, n=300; GSE15459, n=191; and GSE26901, n=109) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Results

The signature consisting of 7 genes (FGF1, GRP, AVPR1A, APOD, PDGFRL, CXCR4, and CSF1R) showed good performance in predicting overall survival (OS) in the 5 independent cohorts. The risk score presented an obviously positive correlation with macrophage abundance (cor=0.7, p<0.001). A significant difference was found between the high- and low-risk groups regarding the overall survival of GC patients. The high-risk group exhibited a higher infiltration level of M2 macrophages estimated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. In the five independent cohorts, the risk score was highly positively correlated with the stromal cell score, suggesting that we can also evaluate the infiltration of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment according to the risk score.

Conclusion

Our study developed and validated a general applicable prognostic model for GC from the perspective of TAMs, which may help to improve the precise treatment strategy of GC.
Case Report: Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors Originating From the Endometrium and the Broad Ligament: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Cheng Xianzhong , Zhao Qian , Xu Xia , Guo Wenwen , Gu Hongyuan , Zhou Rui , Chen Chen , Ma Dawei , Wu Yinan , Ni Jing , Chen Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2021

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the endometrium and the broad ligament are very rare, with only 29 cases and one case of each other reported before in the English literature. Due to lack of standard guidelines, the treatment strategies of these diseases are controversial. Here, we share two cases of YSTs originating from the endometrium and the broad ligament respectively and review related literature. A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed with endometrial YST in our center and underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy with BEP (bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide) regimen for six courses. After follow-up for 21 months, there is still no evidence of relapse. Another 36-year-old woman was admitted to our department with YST of the broad ligament. She was treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy with BEP regimen and was lost to follow-up after completing therapy. The case of endometrial YST we shared was similar to cases reported before, while the case with YST of the broad ligament we shared was the second case reported worldwide. Both of these two cases were treated with surgery combined with chemotherapy with BEP regimen.
The Effects of Rhubarb for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy in Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Jing-Yi , Wang Yu , Miao Miao , Bao Xiao-Rong
Published: June 2021

Background: Rhubarb, also known as Da Huang, is a traditional Chinese medicine, and it was often used as a laxative in the past. Recently, multiple studies have applied rhubarb to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). Anthraquinones, including emodin and rhein, have been extracted from rhubarb and used to explore the effective components and possible mechanisms of rhubarb for DN. Evaluating the efficacy of rhubarb may provide a scientific reference for the clinical application of rhubarb for the treatment of DN.

Objective: 1) To evaluate the efficacy of rhubarb in the treatment of DN; 2) To identify the most effective ingredient of rhubarb for DN; 3) To explore the specific mechanism of rhubarb in treating DN.

Methods: Data sources: related studies were identified by searching Cochrane Library, Ovid-EMBASE, PubMed, SinoMed, WanFang, VIP, CNKI, and other Chinese magazines.

Assessment and analysis: SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies was used to assess the quality of articles. The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data analysis adopted RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software.

This study was published in the register with PROSPERO, number CRD42020204701.

Results: Aggregated data were collected from 27 eligible studies. The results illustrated an intense improvement in the following outcomes in rhubarb-treated animals with DN (p < 0.05): blood glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), urine protein (UP), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), renal index (two kidneys weight/body weight, KW/BW), tubulointerstitial injury index (TII), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein, and E-cadherin (E-cad) protein. Of these, DN animals with rhubarb exhibited a significantly higher level of E-cad protein. In addition, the level of the other outcomes mentioned above decreased significantly, while there was no significant association between the intervention and nephrin protein (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that rhubarb has a positive therapeutic effect on animals with DN, which may provide confidence and some theoretical reference for clinical application to a certain extent.
Enhancing the Self: Amateur Bodybuilders Making Sense of Experiences With Appearance and Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Authors: Macho Juraj , Mudrak Jiri , Slepicka Pavel
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we implemented a methodological framework of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and a theoretical conceptualization of multiple selves to explore the subjective accounts of six amateur bodybuilders using appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs). The participants made sense of their bodybuilding careers and experiences with APEDs in a way that showed a multiplicity and complexity of reasons for using APEDs, which stemmed from tensions they perceived between the context of bodybuilding and other life domains. The participants’ reasons for the use of APEDs included not only enhancing their body, appearance and performance but also enhancing other subjectively important psychological characteristics, such as agency and self-control, the development of knowledge and expertise, sense of meaning, well-being, and quality of life. In the analysis, we integrated these themes through the concept of the “extraordinary self,” based on which our participants strived for self-actualization through bodybuilding and the use of APEDs. In the sense making of our participants, a potential “exit point” subverting their APED use emerged from a tension between such “extraordinary selves” and the “ordinary selves” through which they perceived APEDs as preventing them from living normal, balanced lives outside the context of bodybuilding. However, success in balancing the two selves also created the possibility of the future use of APEDs.
Talent Selection Strategies and Relationship With Success in European Basketball National Team Programs
Authors: Kalén Anton , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Lundkvist Erik , Rey Ezequiel , Pérez-Ferreirós Alexandra
Published: June 2021

There is limited knowledge of the talent selection strategies used by national sporting organizations to identify and develop talented players in basketball. Therefore, we aimed to explore differences in selection strategies between European youth basketball national team (NT) programs, and how they relate to the program’s success. Specifically, we examined differences in the number of youth NT players and within-country variance in the 1988–1999 generations between 38 countries (n men = 38, women = 32). Further, we tested if the number of youth NT players and within-country variance was related to the NTs senior ranking, youth ranking, and youth-to-senior player promotion, using generalized Bayesian multilevel models. We further checked the moderating effect of the amount of licensed basketball players in each country. On average, 15.6 ± 2.0 male and 12.4 ± 1.8 female players were selected per generation. Over a third of the NTs consistently selected a higher or lower number of players than the average, with a difference of 8.1 players (95% CI [5.8, 10.8]) for men and 7.6 players (95% CI [5.4, 10.0]) for women between the countries with the highest and lowest average. When licensed players were used as moderator, the differences decreased but did not disappear, in both genders. There was an above 99.3% probability that a higher number of players was positively related to higher men’s senior and youth rankings, and women’s youth ranking. Within countries, generations with a higher number of youth players generated more senior players, with a probability of 98.4% on the men’s, and 97.3% on the women’s side. When licensed players were used as moderator, the probabilities for these relationships remained largely unaffected, apart from women’s youth ranking, which sank to 80.5%. In conclusion, the selection strategy in basketball NT programs varies between European countries and selecting a higher number of players possibly relates to better long-term performance and more players promoted to the senior NTs. These findings show that talent development programs should make conscious decisions about their selection strategies as it can affect their success.
Perceptual and Interoceptive Strength Norms for 270 French Words
Authors: Miceli Aurélie , Wauthia Erika , Lefebvre Laurent , Ris Laurence , Simoes Loureiro Isabelle
Published: June 2021

Perceptual experience through the five modalities (i.e., vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) has demonstrated its key role in semantics. Researchers also highlighted the role of interoceptive information in the grounded representation of concepts. However, to this day, there is no available data across these modalities in the French language. Therefore, the aim of this study was to circumvent this caveat. Participants aged between 18 and 50 completed an online survey in which we recorded scores of perceptual strength (PS), interoceptive information, imageability, concreteness, conceptual familiarity, and age of acquisition of 270 words of the French language. We also analysed the relationships between perceptual modalities and psycholinguistic variables. Results showed that vast majority of concepts were visually-dominant. Correlation analyses revealed that the five PS variables were strongly correlated with imageability, concreteness, and conceptual familiarity and highlight that PS variables index one aspect of the semantic representations of a word. On the other hand, high interoceptive scores were highlighted only for the less imageable and less concrete words, emphasizing their importance for the grounding of abstract concepts. Future research could use these norms in the investigation of the role of perceptual experience in the representation of concepts and their impact on word processing.