Онтологічний підхід до консолідації 3D-моделей об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини та ГІС
Authors: Гончар Андрій Володимирович , Довгий Станіслав Олексійович , Попова Марина Андріївна 
Published: April 2021

The development of the information society, the rise of the knowledge economy, the implementation of the latest technologies in the IT industry have provided the opportunity for free mass access to the digitized heritage of world civilization using augmented and virtual reality in three-dimensional space. The leaders in modeling the three-dimensional geometry of real heritage conservation objects are 3D panorama and 3D GIS technologies, the combination of whose capabilities has not yet become widespread. The paper subject is the processes of consolidation of ontological 3D models of heritage conservation objects and geoinformation systems for the formation of virtual excursion routes, which will provide new opportunities in the study of the world cultural, historical, scientific digital documentary heritage by integrating transdisciplinary distributed information resources describing the selected object into a piece of unified information and research space. The paper purpose is to increase the efficiency of user interaction with distributed information resources and museum knowledge systems by creating models and developing a method and on their based on – information technology for the formation of transdisciplinary virtual museum spaces, the implementation of ontological interaction in their environments with the integrated use of spatially distributed information based on integration with geoinformation systems through an ontological interface. Objectives: to analyze modern approaches and the most common software tools for 3D modeling of heritage conservation objects; to develop an infological model of an ontological excursion route; formalize the process of dynamic redistribution of heritage conservation objects during the excursion; to develop an algorithm for consolidating 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route. To achieve this goal, a set of methods was used: to develop operational ontological models of heritage conservation objects – system analysis, set theory, graph theory, to formalize knowledge representation – algebraic-logical and obvious methods; for software implementation of information technology – design patterns and object-oriented analysis. The following results were obtained: analysis of software solutions for three-dimensional representation and analysis of data in GIS made it possible to determine that most of them are intended only for geometry visualization and do not have information management tools; it is shown that the most suitable for practical implementation in terms of including time, labor and financial resources is GIS with integrated 3D panoramas of heritage conservation objects; it was determined that the ontological approach to the consolidation of multi-format data, created according to various standards and technologies, provides a solution to the problems of heterogeneity and interoperability of transdisciplinary distributed information resources that describe heritage conservation objects, is the most appropriate and effective; an algorithm for the consolidation of 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route is presented; an ontological model of an excursion route is presented, the taxonomy of which is implemented in the form of a graph. Conclusions. The conceptual and system-technical foundations of the transdisciplinary representation of models of heritage conservation objects with the integrated use of distributed information, in particular geographic information, including the format of ontological interaction in the form of an excursion in the GIS environment, have been developed.