bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las inscripciones perdidas de la basílica altomedieval de San Salvador de Oviedo
Authors: García de Castro Valdés César , Valdés Gallego José Antonio
Published: April 2020

El Liber Testamentorum Ouetensis, elaborado por orden del obispo Pelayo (1097-1130), ha preservado el texto de unas inscripciones colocadas en el presbiterio, a ambos lados del altar mayor, de la basílica altomedieval del Salvador de Oviedo. Conmemoraban la fundación por Fruela I (757-768) y la restauración a cargo de su hijo Alfonso II (791-842), se disponían misas en honor de este, y se dedicaba el templo al Salvador. Hemos procurado reconstruir la disposición original de los textos gracias a sus recursos poéticos, inadvertidos hasta la fecha. Pensamos que los epígrafes fueron tres, de forma cuadrada. Su contenido sufrió una interpolación relativa a la periodicidad de las misas por Alfonso II. Se ha examinado el origen del patrocinio doble de la basílica ovetense: el Salvador y el colegio apostólico. La elección del primero responde a una oleada europea contemporánea, probable reflejo de disposiciones de los papas Gregorio II y III, en el segundo cuarto del siglo VIII; la del segundo evoca la concepción isoapostólica de Constantino, importada de Bizancio quizá por intermediación de Pipino III, ya en época de Fruela I.AbstractThe Liber Testamentorum Ouetensis, prepared by order of Bishop Pelayo (1097-1130), has preserved the text of some inscriptions placed in the presbytery, on both sides of the main altar, of the early medieval Saviour’s basilica of Oviedo. They commemorated the foundation by King Fruela I (757-768) and its restoration by his son King Alfonso II (791-842), arranging masses in honor of the latter, and dedicating the temple to the Saviour.We have tried to reconstruct the original layout of the texts thanks to their poetic resources, unnoticed to date. We think that we are dealing with three square-designed epigraphs. Its content suffered an interpolation regarding the periodicity of the masses prayed for Alfonso II. The origin of the double dedication of the Oviedo’s basilica has been examined: the Saviour and the Apostolic College. The choice of the first responds to a contemporary European wave, likely a reflection of the provisions of both Popes Gregory II and Gregory III, in the second quarter of the eighth century; that of the second evokes the isoapostolic self-consciousness of Emperor Constantine, imported from Byzantium perhaps through the intermediation of King Pipin III, already at the time of Fruela I.
Reseña de: Bello León, Juan Manuel y Ortego Rico, Pablo, Los agentes fiscales en la Andalucía Atlántica a finales de la Edad Media: Materiales de trabajo y propuesta de estudio
Authors: Rivera Medina Ana María
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Bello León, Juan Manuel y Ortego Rico, Pablo, Los agentes fiscales en la Andalucía Atlántica a finales de la Edad Media: Materiales de trabajo y propuesta de estudio. Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de publicaciones - Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales, 2019, 482 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17157-59-3
Reseña de: Sánchez Sánchez, Xosé M., Iglesia, mentalidad y vida cotidiana en la Compostela medieval
Authors: Cantera Montenegro Enrique
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Sánchez Sánchez, Xosé M., Iglesia, mentalidad y vida cotidiana en la Compostela medieval. Santiago de Compostela, Consorcio de Santiago – Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2019, 322 pp. isbn: 978-84-16753-43-7 (Consorcio de Santiago) y 978-84-17595-38-8 (usc).
Reseña de: Monsalvo Antón, José María, La construcción del poder real en la monarquía castellana (siglos XI-XV)
Authors: Fuente María Jesús
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Monsalvo Antón, José María, La construcción del poder real en la monarquía castellana (siglos XI-XV), Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2019, 550 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1666-269-2
Responsabilidad penal en el ámbito bancario: la delimitación entre los delitos de apropiación indebida y administración desleal en el caso de las tarjetas black
Authors: Correcher Mira Jorge
Published: April 2020

Una de las consecuencias más importantes de la crisis económico- financiera ha sido situar en el debate político-criminal determinadas cuestiones asociadas a la mala praxis en el ámbito bancario. Sobre esta cuestión, uno de los supuestos de mayor importancia ha sido el llamado caso de las Tarjetas Black, relativo al cobro de remuneraciones fuera de lo previsto legalmente por los directivos de Caja Madrid y Bankia. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la problemática estudiada, en relación con los criterios seguidos por la SAN 4/2017, de 23 de febrero y la STS 438/2018, de 3 de octubre, para la resolución del caso. One of the most important consequences of the economic and financial crisis has been bringing up to the criminal policy debate some issues regarding bad practices in the banking sector. About it, one of the leading cases has been the so-called Black Cards case, concerning the charging of unlawful executive compensations by Caja Madrid and Bankia executives. In this work, an analysis of this issue has been presented, according to the criteria followed by the SAN 4/2017 and the STS 438/2018, in order to resolve this case
A Educação Inclusiva e os Transtornos Específicos de Aprendizagem: em foco a Dislexia
Authors: Rafagnin Drieli , Rodrigues Maria Ester , Kosloski Paula Emanuele Bello
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho é um ensaio sobre educação inclusiva dislexia, apoiando-se em leis e referenciais teóricos. Justifica-se esta discussão pela constatação de que a educação inclusiva ainda não é uma realidade plenamente efetivada em nossas escolas por várias razões. Assim, apresentamos a base legal vigente da inclusão de alunos disléxicos no ensino regular; as principais intervenções pedagógicas apropriadas; a definição e as características da dislexia; as principais adaptações recomendadas em sala de aula, incluindo as avaliativas e a confecção e a execução do Plano de Ensino Individual (PEI) ou Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual (PDI). A principal conclusão é a de que as escolas devem seguir as leis que garantem a inclusão de alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEEs) em salas regulares de ensino por meio da confecção e da execução do PEI dos alunos, de acordo com as suas necessidades, e da utilização de métodos de alfabetização apropriados em larga escala, que favoreçam tanto alunos disléxicos quanto crianças neurotípicas.
A articulação de múltiplas atividades por mulheres trabalhadoras: significados e emoções
Authors: Silva Silvia do Rocio , Camargo Denise De
Published: April 2020

Este artigo apresenta a compreensão do significado e as emoçoes que mulheres ouvidas expressaram sobre a articulação de suas atividades pessoais, profissionais e familiares. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas abertas e ensaios fotográficos gerados por quatro mulheres, proficcionais de nível superior, e analisados com base na Teoria da Subjetividade, na perspectiva da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. A análise dos dados permitiu a identificação das categorias de sentido subjetivo de maternidade, de trabalho, de articular atividades e de significado da família no processo de articular atividades e subjetividade feminina. O estudo reveleou dimensões naturalizantes implicadas na vida das mulheres pesquisadas; a rede de significação constituída pela articulação de atividades profissionais, pessoais e familiares dessas mulheres indica a presença de sentidos subjetivos de ambivalência, gerando dificuldade, tensão e sofrimento.
Interlocuções entre os discursos médico e psicanalítico: por uma leitura sobre a desmedicalização
Authors: De Azevedo Luciana Jaramillo Caruso
Published: April 2020

A tensão existente entre a medicina e a psicanálise mobiliza profícuas discussões.  A psicanálise se destaca por ser uma área do conhecimento que oferece dispositivos significativos para fazer frente à medicalização desenfreada, possibilitando a escuta de novas formas de subjetividade na cena contemporânea. O presente estudo propõe uma reflexão acerca dos discursos médico e psicanalítico no que se refere ao processo de medicalização. As noções de sintoma, diagnóstico e sofrimento se configuram como dispositivos balizadores desta discussão.  O sintoma psicanalítico enquanto portador de sentido e significação carrega consigo a verdade do sujeito. Diferentemente da medicina onde se tenta abolir o sintoma, a psicanálise compreende o sintoma como um significante que aponta para a estrutura de linguagem inconsciente. Em função disso, faz-se necessário um constante aprofundamento da dialética entre os saberes médico e psicanalítico com o intuito de se construir uma ética do cuidado que ultrapasse a perspectiva biologizante/medicalizante.
A representação científica do comportamento: Merleau-Ponty e a crítica à fisiologia clássica.
Authors: Marangoni Pedro Henrique Santos Decanini , Verssimo Danilo Saretta
Published: April 2020

No presente artigo, analisamos a gênese e a extensão das críticas realizadas por Merleau-Ponty, em sua obra A Estrutura do Comportamento, à fisiologia clássica, representada pela teoria do reflexo de Ivan Pavlov. Merleau-Ponty se apropria da fisiologia contemporânea, especialmente do pensamento de Kurt Goldstein, para questionar a centralidade teórica e experimental ocupada pela noção de reflexo nos estudos experimentais sobre o comportamento. Trata-se de investigar os limites da teoria reflexológica, expondo a insuficiência do método como explicação objetiva do comportamento. Pretendemos explicitar que a interlocução com o campo da fisiologia não sinaliza, nesta obra, uma atitude de afastamento dos problemas filosóficos, mas expressa o movimento necessário de revisão epistemológica e metodológica tanto das ciências naturais, como da própria filosofia.
TENFOLD BOOTSTRAP PROCEDURE FOR SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES
Authors: Vrigazova Borislava , Ivanov Ivan
Published: April 2020

Cross validation is often used to split input data into training and test set in Support vector machines. The two most commonly used cross validation versions are the tenfold and leave-one-out cross validation. Another commonly used resampling method is the random test/train split. The advantage of these methods is that they avoid overﬁtting in the model and perform model selection. They, however, can increase the computational time for ﬁtting Support vector machines with the increase of the size of the dataset. In this research, we propose an alternative for ﬁtting SVM, which we call the tenfold bootstrap for Support vector machines. This resampling procedure can signiﬁcantly reduce execution time despite the big number of observations, while preserving model’s accuracy. With this ﬁnding, we propose a solution to the problem of slow execution time when ﬁtting support vector machines on big datasets.
Dominant Vibrio cholerae phage exhibits lysis inhibition sensitive to disruption by a defensive phage satellite
Authors: Hays Stephanie G , Seed Kimberley D
Published: April 2020

Bacteria, bacteriophages that prey upon them, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) compete in dynamic environments, evolving strategies to sense the milieu. The first discovered environmental sensing by phages, lysis inhibition, has only been characterized and studied in the limited context of T-even coliphages. Here, we discover lysis inhibition in the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae, infected by ICP1, a phage ubiquitous in clinical samples. This work identifies the ICP1-encoded holin, teaA, and antiholin, arrA, that mediate lysis inhibition. Further, we show that an MGE, the defensive phage satellite PLE, collapses lysis inhibition. Through lysis inhibition disruption a conserved PLE protein, LidI, is sufficient to limit the phage produced from infection, bottlenecking ICP1. These studies link a novel incarnation of the classic lysis inhibition phenomenon with conserved defensive function of a phage satellite in a disease context, highlighting the importance of lysis timing during infection and parasitization.
The association between a free medicine program and functioning in people with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study in Liuyang, China
Authors: Gong Wenjie , Zhang Chao , Xu Dong (Roman) , Xiao Shuiyuan , Yu Yu , Caine Eric D.
Published: April 2020

Background

Persons with schizophrenia frequently discontinue or avoid medications. Under a national community-based mental health program many places in China have started to provide free medications to people with severe mental health disorders in their communities. In the free medication program (FMP) in Liuyang, China, peripatetic psychiatrists prescribed and dispensed antipsychotic medications free of charge at regular intervals and places convenient for all patients through the primary health care system since 2006. Our study aims to test whether adherence to this FMP improves the functioning of people with schizophrenia.

Methods

The research was conducted in Liuyang, a rural county in central China. Data were obtained from three sources: an ad-hoc survey and the program’s management system in 2013 and in-home interviews in 2014 in Liuyang. We conducted a cross-sectional propensity-score based analysis of the “dose” effect of FMP participation on their level of functioning, using medication refill adherence as a proxy for the participatory intensity in the program.

Results

Only 50.9% of 2,332 participants came for all refills in 2012. Higher refill adherence was associated with slightly worse functional outcomes. The main reasons for refill non-adherence were “unwilling to take medication or only took medication when unwell” (23.6%), “forgot or missed the appointment” (20.6%) and “hospitalized” (20.1%).

Conclusions

The FMP program in Liuyang seemed to have successfully removed barriers in cost and access. However, better refill adherence was not associated with better functional outcomes in this study, which might have been the result of reverse causation. To improve the effectiveness of the FMP, patient-centered measures should be considered.
Un nouveau colorant fluorescent pour la mesure du temps de relaxation brownienne des proteines
Authors: Rodier F. , Hill M. , Arrio B. , Parquet C.
Published: July 2002

The conclusion is that the NBD‐chloride can be used, like the DNS‐chloride but is more reactive and stable and its fixation, on trypsin can be followed by measuring the absorbance of the dye at 470 nm.
The effect of re‐oxidation on the reduced hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Hildenborough and its oxygen stability
Authors: Dijk Cees van , Berkel-Arts Anita van , Veeger Cees
Published: July 2002

Upon reduction of the oxygen‐stable hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Hildenborough this enzyme becomes oxygen sensitive. Only anaerobic oxidation of the reduced enzyme with 2,6‐dichlorophenol‐indophenol, in the presence of iron and EDTA, followed by addition of Tris‐EDTA (pH 9.0) converts the enzyme back into its oxygen‐stable state, without loss of activity.
Interaction of Chromatium vinosum flavocytochrome c‐552 with cytochromes c studied by affinity chromatography
Authors: Davidson Michael W. , Gray Gary O. , Knaff David B.
Published: July 2002

Flavocytochrome c‐552, isolated from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum, after linkage to an Affigel 10‐affinity matrix, will bind equine and yeast mitochondrial cytochromes c, C. vinosum cytochrome c‐550 and cytochrome c
2 from the photosynthetic purple non‐sulfur bacterium Rhodo‐pseudomonas viridis. Similarly, an equine cytochrome c‐Sepharose 4B affinity column will bind the C. vinosum flavocytochrome c‐552 and its separated heme‐containing subunit. These results and the correlation between the effect of ionic strength on binding of the flavocytochrome c‐552 to cytochrome c and on the sulfide:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity catalyzed by C. vinosum flavocytochrome c‐552 support the idea of the involvement of an electrostatic complex between the two proteins during sulfide oxidation.
Template‐free ribosomal synthesis of polypeptides from aminoacyl‐tRNA
Authors: Yusupova Gulnara Z. , Belitsina Nadezhda V. , Spirin Alexander S.
Published: July 2002

Misacylated phenylalanyl‐tRNALys, just as lysyl‐tRNALys, but not phenylalanyl‐tRNAPhe, have been shown to serve as substrates for ribosomal synthesis of polypeptides (polyphenylalanine and polylysine, respectively) in the absence of a template polynucleotide (poly(A)). The conclusion was made that it is the structure of tRNA that determines the ability of the aminoacyl‐tRNALys to participate in peptide elongation on ribosomes without codon‐anticodon interactions.
Hormone (pheromone) processing enzymes in yeast The carboxy‐terminal processing enzyme of the mating pheromone α‐factor, carboxypeptidase yscα, is absent in α‐factor maturation‐defective kex1 mutant cells
Authors: Wagner Jean-Claude , Wolf Dieter H.
Published: July 2002

Carboxy‐terminal processing of the mating pheromone α‐factor of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been assumed to be due to the action of carboxypeptidase yscα. [(1985) EMBO J. 4, 173–177]. Here it is shown that a mutant (kex1) defective in α‐factor maturation is defective in carboxypeptidase yscα activity, indicating that the enzyme is indeed the processing catalyst. It is proposed that carboxypeptidase yscα is the product of the KEX1 gene.
Regulation of adenylate cyclase by hormones and G‐proteins
Authors: Levitzki Alexander
Published: July 2002

Over the past few years, it has become apparent that a large number of transmembrane signaling systems operate through heterotrimeric G‐proteins ([1] Gilman, A.G. (1984) Cell 36, 577‐579; [2] Baker, P.F. (1986) Nature 320, 395). Adenylate cyclase is regulated by stimulatory hormones through Gs(αsβγ) and inhibitory hormones through Gi(αiβγ) ([2]; Katada, T. et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3586‐3595), whereas the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) to inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DG) by phospholipase C is probably also mediated by a heterotrimeric G‐protein (Go or Gi) [1,2]. Similarly, the activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase by light‐activated rhodopsin is mediated through the heterotrimeric G‐protein transducin (Stryer, L. (1986) Rev. Neurosci. 9, 89‐119). Other transmembrane signaling systems may also be found to involve G‐proteins similar to those already recognized. Because of the emerging universality of G‐proteins as transducers of receptor‐triggered signals, it may be useful to evaluate the current models prevailing in the adenylate cyclase field, as these models seem to guide our way in evaluating the role of G‐proteins in transmembrane signaling, in general.
Antibodies specific for N6‐methyladenosine react with intact snRNPs U2 and U4/U6
Authors: Bringmann Peter , Lührmann Reinhard
Published: July 2002

Antibodies specific for N
6‐methyladenosine (m6A) were elicited in rabbits and used to study the accessibility in intact snRNPs of the m6A residues present in the snRNAs U2, U4 and U6. The antibody quantitatively precipitates snRNPs U2 and U4/U6 from total nucleoplasmic snRNPs U1–U6 isolated from HeLa cells, which demonstrates that the m6A residues of the respective snRNAs are not protected by snRNP proteins in the snRNP particles. While the anti‐m6A IgG does not react at all with U5 RNPs lacking m6A, a significant amount of U1 RNPs was co‐precipitated despite the fact that U1 RNA does not contain m6A either. Since anti‐m6A IgG does not react with purified U1 RNPs and co‐precipitation of U1 RNPs is dependent on the presence of U2 RNPs but not of U4/U6 RNPs, these data indicate an interaction between snRNPs U1 and U2 in vitro. The anti‐m6A precipitation pattern described above was also observed with snRNPs isolation from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, indicating similar three‐dimensional arrangements of snRNAs in homologous snRNP particles from different organisms.
Lectin‐mediated targeting of liposomes to a model surface An ELISA method
Authors: Hutchinson F.J. , Jones M.N.
Published: July 2002

Wheat germ agglutinin has been conjugated to the surfaces of sonicated phospholipid liposomes by reacting the protein derivatised with N‐succinimidyl‐S‐acetylthioacetate (SATA) with the m‐maleimidobenzoyl‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (MBS) derivative of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) incorporated into the liposomal bilayers. The liposomes as characterised by photon correlation spectroscopy had a weight‐average radius of 44 ± 10 nm and the number of WGA molecules per liposome was in the range up to approx. 120. An ELISA method has been developed to assess the efficiency of targeting the conjugated liposomes to the antigenic determinants on a surface coated with glycophorin A (blood group B). For liposomes in which the degree of conjugation was controlled by varying the mol% DPPE‐MBS from 3 to 27% targeting efficiency as assessed from the extent of inhibition of the ELISA increased by a factor of 10.
Biosynthesis of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids by subcellular fractions of developing seeds
Authors: Murphy Denis J. , Mukherjee Kumar D.
Published: July 2002

Subcellular fractions from developing seeds of mustard (Sinapis alba), honesty (Lunaria annua) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) synthesize very long chain cis (n−9) monounsaturated fatty acids, e.g. gadoleic (20:1), erucic (22:1) and nervonic (24:1) acid, from oleoyl‐CoA and malonyl‐CoA by condensation reactions. The particulate 2000 × g and 15 000 × g fractions exhibit considerably higher elongase activities compared to the microsomal or oil body fractions, whereas the soluble (150 000 × g supernatant) fraction is devoid of such activities.
Close association of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa1 in photosystem II
Authors: Bricker Terry M. , Odom William R. , Queirolo Carlos B.
Published: July 2002

The structural arrangement of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein and the 49/53 kDa apoprotein of CPa1 were investigated in oxygen‐evolving photosystem II preparations. N‐Hydrosuccinimidobiotin (NHS‐biotin) was used to label accessible amino groups in control, NaCl‐, CaCl2‐ and alkaline tris‐washed membranes. Labeling of the apoprotein of CPa1 was observed in treatments which removed the extrinsic 33 kDa protein. The water‐soluble carbodiimide, 1‐ethyl‐3(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was used to crosslink proteins with complementary charged groups in close proximity to one another. Two crosslinked complexes of the extrinsic 33 kDa and the CPa1 apoprotein were observed at 76 and 65 kDa. These complexes were not formed in membranes lacking the 33 kDa extrinsic protein. Finally, the homobifunctional cleavable crosslinker, dithiobis[succinimidylpropionate] (DTSP), was used to reversibly crosslink the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa1 in oxygen‐evolving PS II core complex preparations. These results suggest a very close association of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein and the apoprotein of CPa1 in the photosynthetic membrane. We suggest that the apoprotein of CPa1 may provide a binding site for the 33 kDa extrinsic component.
A cytocidal tissue kallikrein isolated from mouse submandibular glands
Authors: Murakami Kaori , Ikigai Hajime , Nagumo Noboru , Tomita Motowo , Shimamura Tadakatsu
Published: July 2002

A cytocidal factor against mouse thymocytes was purified from the submandibular glands of female BALB/c mice using Sephadex G‐50 gel filtration chromatography and reverse‐phase HPLC. SDS‐PAGE and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the cytocidal factor was mouse glandular kallikrein (mGK)‐6. mGK‐6 showed an optimal enzyme activity at pH 10 and a cytocidal activity against thymocytes in a dose‐dependent manner.
N‐myc suppression and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase by prostaglandins
Authors: Marui Nobuyuki , Sakai Toshiyuki , Hosokawa Nobuko , Yoshida Mitsunori , Aoike Akira , Kawai Keiichi , Nishino Hoyoku , Fukushima Masanori
Published: July 2002

Effects of cyclopentenone prostaglandins, Δ12‐prostaglandin (PG) J2 and PGA2 on the expression of N‐myc in relation to the effects on cell cycle progression were investigated using human neuroblastoma cell line GOTO. Both PGs suppressed M‐myc expression within several hours prior to inducing G1 arrest. The N‐myc suppression with Δ12‐PGJ2 was continued but with PGA2 it was gradually released, followed by the release of G1 arrest. These results suggest that Δ12‐PGJ2 and PGA2 inhibit cell cycle progression in strong association with N‐myc suppression and Δ12‐PGJ2 is more potent and has a longer effect than PGA2.
Recombinant aequorin as a probe for cytosolic free Ca2+ in Escherichia coli
Authors: Knight Marc R. , Campbell Anthony K. , Smith Steven M. , Trewavas Anthony J.
Published: July 2002

We describe a novel and simple method for the measurement of bacterial cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) using recombinant acquorin reconstituted within live bacterial cells. Using this method we have measured the effects of external calcium, complement, phagocytosis and antibiotics on the [Ca2+]i of Escherichia coli. In principle this method should be applicable to any genetically transformable organism and should suffer fewer problems than fluorescent dyes for subcellular calcium measurement.
Purkinje cells of rat and chicken cerebellum contain calreticulin (CaBP3)
Authors: Perrin Dominique , Sönnichsen Birte , Söling Hans-Dieter , Nguyen-Van Phuc
Published: July 2002

The presence of the calcium‐binding protein calreticulin (CaBP3) was assessed in rat and chicken cerebellum by immunoblotting, and its localization in Purkinje cells was established by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Membrane‐derived oligosaccharides (MDO's) promote closing of an E. coli porin channel
Authors: Delcour Anne H. , Adler Julius , Kung Ching , Martinac Boris
Published: July 2002

The outer membrane or Escherichia coli is a diffusion barrier for macromolecules, but allows the passage of small hydrophilic solutes through non‐specific channels, the porins. Some electrophysiological studies find reconstituted porins in a mostly open state, while those done with the patch‐clamp technique performed on live cells suggest that the vast majority of the native channels are closed. We present here current measurements through porins from reconstituted outer membrane, which demonstrate that bacterial metabolites, the MDO's, which bathe the periplasmic side of the outer membrane, induce the channels to close. These findings illustrate that the degree or openess of porins can be regulated by compounds naturally found in bacteria.
Thermostability of β‐xylosidase from Aspergillus sydowii MG49
Authors: Ghosh Mousumi , Nanda Geeta
Published: July 2002

Heating of Aspergillus β‐xylosidase at 85°C ± 1°C and pH 5.5–6.0 (optimum for activity), causes irreversible, covalent thermoinactivation of the enzyme, involving oxidation of the thiol groups that are required for catalysis. Exogenous addition of cysteine, DTT, GSH and mercaptoethanol stabilizes the enzyme by extending its half‐life. A similar effect is also exhibited by bivalent cations like Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ca2+and Zn2+ while, on the other hand Cu2+ accelerates thermoinactivation. Chemical modification of crude β‐xylosidase with cross‐linking agents like glutaraldehyde or covalent immobilization to a nonspecific protein like gelatin and BSA also enhances enzyme thermostability. These results suggest that addition of thiols and bivalent metal ions to a crude β‐xylosidase preparation or immobilization/chemical modification enhances its thermal stability, thus preventing loss of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures.
Primary structure and catalytic properties of extracellular ribonuclease of bacillus circulans
Authors: Dementiev A.A. , Moiseyev G.P. , Shlyapnikov S.V.
Published: July 2002

A complete amino acid sequence of extracellular Bacillus circulans RNase was established and compared with a structure of B. amyloliquefaciens RNase. Gln15, Gly65 and Gln104 in B. amyloliquefaciens RNase were found to be replaced by Leu, Ala and Lys, respectively, in B circulans RNase. Catalytic properties of B. circulans RNase were studied.
Effect of lysophosphatidic acid on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuzuki , Yamano Shuji , Murayama Shinji , Ishikawa Hiromi , Tokumura Akira , Aono Toshihiro
Published: July 2002

The effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos was examined. The blastocyst rates from 2‐cell and 4‐cell stage embryos were significantly higher in the presence of LPA at the pronuclear stage. However, the blastocyst rate from 4‐cell stage embryos was significantly lower when LPA was added to the medium at the 4‐cell stage than when it was added at the pronuclear stage. Furthermore, pretreatment of pronuclear stage embryos with pertussis toxin suppressed LPA‐induced embryo development, suggesting that it is probably mediated by a Gi‐protein‐linked receptor.
Interaction of native and partially folded conformations of α‐lactalbumin with lipid bilayers: characterization of two membrane‐bound states
Authors: Bañuelos Sonia , Muga Arturo
Published: July 2002

α‐Lactalbumin (αLA) can adopt two different membrane‐bound states depending on the physical properties of the lipid bilayer, namely adsorbed and inserted. The latter, but not the adsorbed state, is able to disrupt the permeability barrier of the bilayer. The structure of both states is strongly affected by the conformational properties of the αLA conformer considered: as protein flexibility increases the helical content of the membrane‐bound conformation decreases, especially in the adsorbed form. Moreover, the adsorbed and the inserted states of those conformers containing 3 or 4 disulfides can interconvert in response to changes in the physical properties of the host membrane.
Classification of tyrosine kinases from Dictyostelium discoideum with two distinct, complete or incomplete catalytic domains
Authors: Adler Kristin , Gerisch Günther , von Hugo Ulrike , Lupas Andrei , Schweiger Anton
Published: July 2002

Two new kinases of Dictyostelium discoideum were identified by screening of a λgt11 expression library with a phosphotyrosine specific antibody. Amino‐acid sequences derived from cDNA and genomic clones indicate that DPYK3 is a protein of 150 kDa and DPYK4, a protein of 75 kDa. The C‐terminal fragments of each protein were produced in Escherichia coli and shown to be autocatalytically phosphorylated at tyrosine residues. A common feature of these kinases is the presence of two different sequence stretches in tandem that are related to kinase catalytic domains. The sequence relationships of DPYK3 and 4 to other protein kinases, and the positions of their catalytic domain sequences within the phylogenetic tree of protein kinases were analysed. Domains I of both kinases and domain II of DPYK3 constitute, together with the catalytic domains of two previously described tyrosine kinases of D. discoideum, a branch of their own, separate from the tyrosine kinase domains in sensu strictu. Domain II in DPYK4 is found on a different branch close to serine/threonine kinases.
The World Health Organization's recent work on the lexicography of mental disorders
Authors: Janca A , Sartorius N
Published: July 2002

Standardization of nomenclature and terminology used in the field of mental health has been one of the main goals of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mental Health Programme among recent activities undertaken to achieve this goal, is the development of definition and guidelines accompanying the chapter dealing with mental disorders in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and of a set of instruments for the assessment of mental disorders. To enhance common understanding and uniformity of usage of the terms embedded in the classification and instruments and to facilitate their use in different cultures and settings, a series of lexica and glossaries has also been produced by WHO. The article describes the basic characteristics of the Lexicon of psychiatric and mental health terms, 2nd edition; Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms; Lexicon of crosscultural terms in mental health; SCAN glossary; and the ICD-10 symptom glossary for mental disorders.
Expression of the cell‐adhesion molecule VCAM‐1 by stromal cells is necessary for osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Feuerbach Dominik , Feyen Jean H.M
Published: July 2002

Osteoblastic cells have been shown to be involved in osteoclast formation through cell to cell contacts. This study was designed to examine the possible function of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) during osteoclastogenesis. As a source for stromal cells we used the recently established mouse bone marrow stromal cell line mBMS‐B1 which has the ability to support osteoclastogenesis when used in co‐culture with a crude spleen cell suspension. mBMS‐B1 cells express a single ∼3.9 kb VCAM‐1 mRNA species. Expression was low under basal culture conditions and a 5–10‐fold increase was observed in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cell surface expression of VCAM‐1 examined by FACS analysis was increased about 2‐fold after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Immunoprecipitation of cell surface expressed VCAM‐1 or total VCAM‐1 protein using the anti‐VCAM‐1 monoclonal antibody MK2.7 resulted in a single ∼110 kDa protein on SDS‐PAGE. Induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 was about 2–5‐fold on day 3. The stromal cell–osteoclast precursor cell interaction was investigated in a co‐culture of the mBMS‐B1 and mouse spleen cells in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The monoclonal antibody MK2.7 which is known to block hemopoietic‐stromal cell recognition inhibited the formation of osteoclasts when added to the co‐culture at day 2 but not day 4. These data suggest that VCAM‐1 is involved in the interaction between stromal cells and osteoclastic precursor cells during osteoclastogenesis presumably most important during early stages of the formation of osteoclasts.
X‐ray diffraction studies of the structural organisation of prolamellar bodies isolated from Zea mays
Authors: Williams W.Patrick , Selstam Eva , Brain Tony
Published: July 2002

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that maize prolamellar bodies (PLBs) are built up of tetrapodal units based on a highly convoluted but continuous lipid bilayer exhibiting diamond cubic (Fd3m) symmetry. Such lattices are often described in terms of infinite periodic minimal surfaces (IMPS) exhibiting zero net curvature and dividing the system into two identical subvolumes. If so, X‐ray diffraction measurements would be expected to index on a double‐diamond (Pn3m) lattice with a unit cell length half that of the TEM lattice. Our measurements index on a Fd3m lattice with a similar repeat distance to the TEM images. The PLB membrane is thus inherently asymmetric, probably as the result of the distribution of membrane protein.
Heterologous expression of human H1 histones in yeast
Authors: Albig Werner , Runge Dorothee Monika , Kratzmeier Martin , Doenecke Detlef
Published: July 2002

The complete set of seven human H1 histone subtype genes was heterologously expressed in yeast. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks standard histone H1 we could isolate each recombinantly expressed human H1 subtype in pure form without contamination by endogenous H1 histones. For isolation of the H1 histones in this expression system no tagging was needed and the isoforms could be extracted with the authentic primary structure by a single extraction step with 5% (0.74 M) perchloric acid. The isolated H1 histone proteins were used to assign the subtype genes to the corresponding protein spots or peaks after two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis, respectively. This allowed us to correlate transcriptional data with protein data, which was barely possible until now.
Cooperative interaction of NF‐κB and C/EBP binding sites is necessary for manganese superoxide dismutase gene transcription mediated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ
Authors: Maehara Kayoko , Hasegawa Tadao , Xiao Hengyi , Takeuchi Akihide , Abe Ryoichi , Isobe Ken-ichi
Published: July 2002

Expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) is induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the cis‐acting elements within a tumor necrosis factor‐responsive element (TNFRE) which was identified in the second intron of the murine Mn‐SOD gene. Site‐directed mutagenesis, reporter plasmid transfection studies and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that inducible transcription factors enhanced the transcriptional activity of the Mn‐SOD gene through the TNFRE. The cooperation between proteins binding to the newly identified NF‐κB and C/EBP sites led to synergistic gene transcription. This report provides the first evidence that cooperation between two distinct cis‐acting elements may be required for induction of Mn‐SOD gene expression mediated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ.
Accommodation of foreign genes into the Sendai virus genome: sizes of inserted genes and viral replication
Authors: Sakai Yuko , Kiyotani Katsuhiro , Fukumura Masayuki , Asakawa Makoto , Kato Atsushi , Shioda Tatsuo , Yoshida Tetsuya , Tanaka Akemi , Hasegawa Mamoru , Nagai Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2002

Sendai virus (SeV) is an enveloped virus with a negative sense genome RNA of about 15.3 kb. We previously established a system to recover an infectious virus entirely from SeV cDNA and illustrated the feasibility of using SeV as a novel expression vector. Here, we have attempted to insert a series of foreign genes into SeV of different lengths to learn how far SeV can accommodate extra genes and how the length of inserted genes affects viral replication in cells cultured in vitro and in the natural host, mice. We show that a gene up to 3.2 kb can be inserted and efficiently expressed and that the replication speed as well as the final virus titers in cell culture are proportionally reduced as the inserted gene length increases. In vivo, such a size‐dependent effect was not very clear but a remarkably attenuated replication and pathogenicity were generally seen. Our data further confirmed reinforcement of foreign gene expression in vitro from the V(−) version of SeV in which the accessory V gene had been knocked out. Based on these results, we discuss the utility of SeV vector in terms of both efficiency and safety.
Light‐induced cytochrome P450‐dependent enzyme in indole alkaloid biosynthesis: tabersonine 16‐hydroxylase
Authors: Schröder Gudrun , Unterbusch Elke , Kaltenbach Melanie , Schmidt Jürgen , Strack Dieter , De Luca Vincenzo , Schröder Joachim
Published: July 2002

Vinblastine and vincristine are two medically important bisindole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle). Attempts at production in cell cultures failed because a part of the complex pathway was not active, i.e. from tabersonine to vindoline. It starts with tabersonine 16‐hydroxylase (T16H), a cytochrome P450‐dependent enzyme. We now show that T16H is induced in the suspension culture by light and we report the cloning of the cDNA. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli as translational fusion with the P450 reductase from C. roseus, and the reaction product was identified by mass spectrometry. The protein (CYP71D12) shares 47–52% identity with other members of the CYP71D subfamily with unknown function. The induction by light was strongly enhanced by a nutritional downshift (transfer into 8% aqueous sucrose). We discuss the possibility that the entire pathway to bisindoles can be expressed in suspension cultures.
Characterization of testicular mouse glucosamine 6‐phosphate deaminase (GNPDA)
Authors: Montag Markus , van der Ven Katrin , Dörbecker Christine , van der Ven Hans
Published: July 2002

Mammalian glucosamine 6‐phosphate deaminase (GNPDA) was first detected in hamster spermatozoa. To further elucidate its role, we have cloned mouse GNPDA and produced a polyclonal rabbit anti‐GNPDA antibody. This antibody recognized a 33 kDa protein in soluble extracts from mouse brain, liver, kidney, muscle, ovary, testis and sperm. Immunofluorescent analysis of the localization of GNPDA in male reproductive tissue revealed its presence in spermatids and in spermatozoa. In spermatids, GNPDA localized close to the developing acrosome vesicle and in spermatozoa close to the acrosomal region. Following the induction of the acrosome reaction, GNPDA fluorescence in spermatozoa was either reduced or GNPDA was absent. These data suggest that GNPDA might play a role in the acrosome reaction.
Symptoms and signs in single and mixed genital infections
Authors: Mårdh P.‐A , Tchoudomirova K , Elshibly S , Hellberg D
Published: July 2002

Objective: To compare symptoms and signs in women with single and mixed genital infections. Methods: The study population comprised 996 apparently healthy women. Gynecological symptoms and signs were looked for and diagnostics for the most prevalent gynecological infections were made. Results: When co‐infections were excluded, chlamydial infections, bacterial vaginosis and cervical human papillomavirus infections were associated with a fishy malodor; for the two former conditions an easily bleeding ectopy was also found. Vaginal candidosis showed characteristic symptoms and signs. Genital warts were associated with dysuria, general and lower abdominal pain. Out of 494 women with a genital infection, 112 (22.7%) had a mixed infection, which in some cases influenced symptoms and signs. Conclusion: Many women who consider themselves gynecologically healthy, may nevertheless harbor one or more infectious agents. The need to exclude multiple infections is obvious. Positive predictive values were for specific symptoms and signs were generally low.
Gaba‐stimulated chloride uptake during avian CNS development: modulation by neurosteroids
Authors: Gravielle Maria Clara , De Novara Alba Mitridate , De Plazas Sara Fiszer
Published: July 2002

In the present report we studied the GABA‐stimulated 36Cl− uptake during chick optic lobe development in order to establish the ontogenetic profile of the functional GABAA receptor complex. A concentration‐dependent stimulation of 36Cl− influx by GABA was demonstrated, starting at developmental stages as early as 10 days of incubation. The maximal GABA‐induced 36Cl− uptake changed significantly during ontogeny with highest values near hatching. However, GABA potency to stimulate ion influx remained unchanged. We also examined the effect of two neurosteroids, allopregnanolone and epipregnanolone, on GABA‐stimulated 36Cl− influx at three developmental stages (embryonic day 14, post‐hatching day 1 and adult stage). Both steroids enhanced ion uptake in a concentration‐dependent manner, exerting greater stimulatory effects at early developmental stages. Allopregnanolone displayed EC50 values lower than epipregnanolone at all three time points and was also more potent at post‐hatching stages. Analysis of the GABA concentration‐effect curve disclosed that both steroid decreased EC50 values for GABA stimulation while Emax levels were unaffected. In conclusion, our results showed an early appearance of the GABA‐associated chloride channel together with the ability of neurosteroids to modulate GABA‐gating of such channel.
Legal protection in psychiatry. The jurisprudence of the organs of the European convention of human rights
Authors: Dougin AM
Published: July 2002

The European Convention of Human Rights recognises a certain number of rights and freedoms for persons within States' jurisdiction. For those confined in psychiatric hospitals, this legal protection concerns first of all the lawfulness of deprivation of liberty, which must conform to the conditions laid down by the Convention as interpreted by the case-law of the Convention organs (the Commission and Court of Human Rights). The Convention also guarantees to person deprived of their liberty further rights: the right to information, the right to appear before a court, the right to compensation and also the right to the respect of privacy and correspondence.
Positivism
Authors: Frere Bruno
Published: April 2020

The nineteenth century was a century represented by its actors as one of irreversible progress – one that the advance of the sciences was driving toward an increasingly developed future. In this future, it was thought, knowledge would allow man to emancipate himself once and for all; he would be freed from the heaviest and most punishing tasks, which would be carried out by machines. The control of fossil fuels allowed for the invention of the train, and electricity appeared, as did photography. Medicine progressed. Scientific research permitted an increasing number of illnesses to be cured. These advances fascinated philosophers of the social. Their positivist idea – that it is possible to identify the principal natural laws that govern the development of human groups, just as it is possible to identify the laws that govern the physical world – gained ground. Saint‐Simon, the first of these philosophers, envisaged a social physiology whose task would be to observe social phenomena in the same way as we observe natural phenomena. But it was Comte who, theorizing what we still understand today as sociology, would endorse the particular strand of social philosophy that constituted positivism.
Dystonia‐ataxia syndrome with permanent torsional nystagmus caused by ECHS1 deficiency
Authors: Ronchi Dario , Monfrini Edoardo , Bonato Sara , Mancinelli Veronica , Cinnante Claudia , Salani Sabrina , Bordoni Andreina , Ciscato Patrizia , Fortunato Francesco , Villa Marianna , Di Fonzo Alessio , Corti Stefania , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo P.
Published: April 2020

Biallelic mutations in ECHS1, encoding the mitochondrial enoyl‐CoA hydratase, have been associated with mitochondrial encephalopathies with basal ganglia involvement. Here, we describe a novel clinical presentation consisting of dystonia‐ataxia syndrome with hearing loss and a peculiar torsional nystagmus observed in two adult siblings. The presence of a 0.9‐ppm peak at MR spectroscopy analysis suggested the accumulation of branched‐chain amino acids. Exome sequencing in index probands identified two ECHS1 mutations, one of which was novel (p.V82L). ECHS1 protein levels and residual activities were reduced in patients’ fibroblasts. This paper expands the phenotypic spectrum observed in patients with impaired valine catabolism.
LAC: How to mitigate against loss of confidentiality in CARES Act
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2020

When the demise of the federal law and regulation protecting substance use disorder (SUD) treatment record confidentiality was quickly sealed with the passages of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act March 27 (see “CARES Act eliminates most of 42 CFR Part 2,” ADAW, April 6, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32678), the Legal Action Center (LAC) was right there with patients, as it still is, decrying the loss of this important safeguard. Now, however, it's time for the law firm to do what it does best — work to get the language as good as it can be in what will be the new regulation. In an overview of the CARES Act amendments regarding confidentiality released by LAC last week, this important point was made: Those amendments don't take effect until March 27, 2021.
Higher Than 90% Initial Coulombic Efficiency with Staghorn‐Coral‐Like 3D Porous LiFeO2−x as Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yaxiong , Qu Xiaolei , Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Hu Jianjiang , Chen Jian , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: April 2020

Transition metal oxides represent a promising class of anode materials for high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries. However, low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE, <80%) still remains a crucial challenge for practical applications. Herein, a unique 3D Fe(II)‐rich porous LiFeO2−x comprising of staghorn‐coral‐like skeleton measuring ≈100 nm in diameter is demonstrated, which is readily prepared by reacting Fe2O3 with LiH at 550 °C. When used as an anode material, the Fe(II)‐rich LiFeO2−x delivers the presently known highest ICE value of 90.2% with 1170 mAh g−1 discharge capacity. The high ICE value can be ascribed to a fast conversion reaction of LiFeO2−x upon lithiation/delithiation facilitated by the presence of Fe(II), which generates oxygen vacancies and makes electron transportation much easier, based on the experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.