bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Let’s Sculpt It!: Experiencing the Role of Organizational Context in Coaching
Authors: Fatien Diochon Pauline , Otter Ken , Stokes Paul , Van Hove Lucy
Published: March 2019

This exercise aims to familiarize students with the underdiscussed topic of the role of context in coaching through a physical activity. It consists of a group sculpture—a combination of socio-drama, systemic constellation, and social presencing theater—drawing from a coaching case of an ethical dilemma, using the placement and arrangement of participants to represent the stakeholders and context (economic, legal, sociological, etc.). The visual and embodied representation aims to raise awareness and develop understanding of the invisible—but often felt—contextual factors at play in coaching, to generate reflection about their influence, and to offer insights on how to identify and embrace them. This activity is primarily aimed for coaching educators and supervisors, but a slightly adapted version could expand its benefits to a more general audience of managers and leaders.
Semiautomated Motion Tracking for Objective Skills Assessment in Otologic Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kanumuri Vivek V. , Ameen Bishoy , Tarabichi Osama , Kozin Elliott D. , Lee Daniel J.
Published: March 2019

Perioperative teaching and feedback of technical performance are essential during surgical training but are limited by competing demands on faculty time, resident work‐hour restrictions, and desire for efficient operating room utilization. The increasing use of high‐definition video microscopy and endoscopy in otolaryngology offers opportunities for trainees and faculty to evaluate performance outside the operating room but still requires faculty time. Our hypothesis is that automated motion tracking via video analysis offers a way forward to provide more consistent and objective feedback for surgical trainees. In this study, otolaryngology trainees at various levels were recorded performing a cortical mastoidectomy on cadaveric temporal bones using standard surgical instrumentation and high‐definition video cameras coupled to an operating microscope. Videos were postprocessed to automatically track the tip of otologic dissection instruments. Data were analyzed for key metrics potentially applicable to the global rating scale used in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills.
The beginning of the Eastern truth: The cultural elucidation of the truth 真 zhen
Authors: Ha Youngsam
Published: March 2019

This article analyzes the etymology of the Chinese character 真 zheēn and researches what truth was, and how truth appeared, to the ancient Chinese people. The concept of truth in mainstream Western philosophy is examined first, and I compare it with the Chinese notion of truth through the etymology of the Chinese character 真 zheēn.

Truth was not recognized by the dichotomy of ‘truth versus falsity’ in ancient China; nor did ancient Chinese people logically argue the correspondence of what was said and the state of affairs; nor did the truth have to be represented in accurate language. I argue that it was not after Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字) in the Han period when the Chinese character 真 zheēn, which means ‘truth’, first appeared; rather it appeared long before this in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou period. Moreover, it appeared in the form of 贞 zheēn in the oracle bone era in the 13th century BC.

In addition, 贞 zheēn in the period of the oracle bone era, the original form of 真 zheēn, composed of 卜 buˇ and 鼎 dǐng (changed into 贝 bèi later) describes the embodiment of the gods’ will through divination. This is no different from aletheia, meaning ‘truth’ in Greek – that is, unconcealment ( unverborgenheit) revealing something concealed ( letheia).

Therefore, the view that 真 zheēn and the meaning of truth first appeared after the Han Dynasty and that the concept of truth in China is different from that of the West should be rediscussed from different angles, and the denigration of the East based on this recognition leaves room for reconsideration.
Nurturing attachments parenting program: The relationship between adopters’ parental reflective functioning and perception of their children’s difficulties
Authors: Staines J. , Golding K. , Selwyn J.
Published: March 2019

This article draws on an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nurturing Attachments group work program provided by AdoptionPlus for adoptive families in England. Twenty-nine adoptive families participated in a longitudinal quantitative study, completing questionnaires and validated measures before and after group attendance. The Nurturing Attachments program, informed by Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, was developed to help foster and adoptive parents strengthen their relationships with the child and support children who had experienced developmental traumas. Most parents were caring for children who were late placed and who had complex and overlapping difficulties. Post-training, parents reported increased confidence in their own parenting and statistically significant positive changes in self-efficacy and in their capacity for reflective functioning. However, unexpectedly, adoptive parents identified more children as having greater emotional and peer difficulties and fewer with symptoms of conduct disorders. This article focuses on the relationship between perceptions of adopted children’s behavior and parental reflective functioning (PRF) and self-efficacy. It explores whether improved reflective functioning, particularly curiosity, led to a better understanding of their child’s behaviors and thus an increased recognition of emotional distress. Recommendations for supporting adoptive parents, including the importance of supporting PRF, within a wraparound package of support during childhood and adolescence are made.
Learnings from a Practitioner’s Executive Education Experiences in India
Authors: Siddharth S. Naga
Published: March 2019

The author with the help of caselets helps showcase learnings in the area of executive education in India, from across sectors and organisations. These include sectors of retail, healthcare and IT services and include instances of different types of executive education—at the supervisory, managerial, leadership, technical leadership, management trainee and head of department levels. The author captures key learnings during specific learning interventions in the caselets and also notes the results from such interventions.
Diastolic Dysfunction and the New Recommendations for Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Summary of Guidelines and Novelties in Diagnosis and Grading
Authors: Kossaify Antoine , Nasr Mireille
Published: March 2019

Diastolic function represents the filling property of the heart during diastole. Diastole comprises four phases: isovolumic relaxation, rapid filling, slow filling (diastasis), and active filling. Diastolic function is correlated to heart rate, atrial systolic function, ventricular compliance, preload, heart rhythm, and atrioventricular valve function. Diastolic dysfunction is a common condition; therefore, assessment of diastolic function should be a part of every routine echocardiogram. The latest recommendations for assessment of left ventricular diastolic function are practical and simple to implement in daily practice, and these recommendations are mainly based on six parameters: E wave, E/A ratio, septal or lateral e′, average E/e′, left atrial volume indexed, and peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity. The values of these parameters interact differently within many algorithms to diagnose and classify diastolic dysfunction. A summary is presented of the latest guidelines regarding assessment of diastolic function by echocardiography.
Intron-loss evolution of hatching enzyme genes in Teleostei
Authors: Kawaguchi Mari , Hiroi Junya , Miya Masaki , Nishida Mutsumi , Iuchi Ichiro , Yasumasu Shigeki
Published: March 2019

Background

Hatching enzyme, belonging to the astacin metallo-protease family, digests egg envelope at embryo hatching. Orthologous genes of the enzyme are found in all vertebrate genomes. Recently, we found that exon-intron structures of the genes were conserved among tetrapods, while the genes of teleosts frequently lost their introns. Occurrence of such intron losses in teleostean hatching enzyme genes is an uncommon evolutionary event, as most eukaryotic genes are generally known to be interrupted by introns and the intron insertion sites are conserved from species to species. Here, we report on extensive studies of the exon-intron structures of teleostean hatching enzyme genes for insight into how and why introns were lost during evolution.

Results

We investigated the evolutionary pathway of intron-losses in hatching enzyme genes of 27 species of Teleostei. Hatching enzyme genes of basal teleosts are of only one type, which conserves the 9-exon-8-intron structure of an assumed ancestor. On the other hand, otocephalans and euteleosts possess two types of hatching enzyme genes, suggesting a gene duplication event in the common ancestor of otocephalans and euteleosts. The duplicated genes were classified into two clades, clades I and II, based on phylogenetic analysis. In otocephalans and euteleosts, clade I genes developed a phylogeny-specific structure, such as an 8-exon-7-intron, 5-exon-4-intron, 4-exon-3-intron or intron-less structure. In contrast to the clade I genes, the structures of clade II genes were relatively stable in their configuration, and were similar to that of the ancestral genes. Expression analyses revealed that hatching enzyme genes were high-expression genes, when compared to that of housekeeping genes. When expression levels were compared between clade I and II genes, clade I genes tends to be expressed more highly than clade II genes.

Conclusions

Hatching enzyme genes evolved to lose their introns, and the intron-loss events occurred at the specific points of teleostean phylogeny. We propose that the high-expression hatching enzyme genes frequently lost their introns during the evolution of teleosts, while the low-expression genes maintained the exon-intron structure of the ancestral gene.
LLIN Evaluation in Uganda Project (LLINEUP): a cross-sectional survey of species diversity and insecticide resistance in 48 districts of Uganda
Authors: Lynd Amy , Gonahasa Samuel , Staedke Sarah G. , Oruni Ambrose , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Dorsey Grant , Opigo Jimmy , Yeka Adoke , Katureebe Agaba , Kyohere Mary , Hemingway Janet , Kamya Moses R. , Donnelly Martin J.
Published: March 2019

Background

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the principal tool for malaria control in Africa and are presently treated with a single class of insecticide; however, increasing levels of insecticide resistance threaten their success. In response to this threat nets have been developed that incorporate the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450s which is one main mechanisms of insecticide resistance, allowing resistance to pyrethroids to be reversed. However, data on the value and cost effectiveness of these nets is lacking. A large-scale cluster randomised trial of conventional LLINs and PBO-LLINs was conducted in Uganda in 104 health sub-districts (HSDs) in 2017–2019. Prior to the mass distribution of LLINs, a baseline entomological survey was carried out, the results of which are reported herein. Ten households from each HSD were randomly selected for entomological surveillance at baseline which included household mosquito collections.

Results

Prior to LLIN distribution entomological collections were carried out in 1029 houses across the 104 HSDs. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) was the principal vector in all but 9 of the 71 HSDs that yielded vector species. Molecular analysis found An. gambiae (s.s.) to be the predominant vector collected. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 5.5% of An. gambiae (s.s.) and in 4.0% of An. funestus (s.s.) examined. Infection rates of other plasmodium species (P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae) were lower with infection rates of 1.2% and 1.7% for An. gambiae (s.s.) and An. funestus (s.s.), respectively. The knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation Vgsc-L1014S was found at very high frequency in An. gambiae (s.s.) with the Vgsc-L1014F mutation at low frequency and the wild-type allele virtually absent. In An. arabiensis the wild-type allele was predominant. The resistance-associated alleles, Cyp4j5-L43F and Coeae1d were found at moderate frequencies which varied across the study site. Vgsc-N1575Y mutation was not found in any samples examined.

Conclusions

No significant differences between planned intervention arms was observed in vector densities, sporozoite infection rate or insecticide resistance marker frequency across the study site prior to the distribution of LLINs. Very high levels of kdr resistance were observed in all areas; however, the resistance-associated markers Cyp4j5-L43F and Coeae1d were found at varying frequencies across the study site which may have implications for the effectiveness of standard LLINs.

Trial registration This study is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN17516395. Registered 14 February 2017, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17516395
Discrimination in a search and matching model with self-employment
Authors: Lain Jonathan
Published: March 2019

In many urban African labour markets, women outnumber men in self-employment, even though gender earnings gaps are larger for the self-employed than the wage-employed. In this paper, we suggest an explanation for this pattern using a search and matching model that allows for individual heterogeneity and participation in both self- and wage-employment as well as discrimination against women in the wage sector. We show that discrimination in wage-employment can generate gender earnings gaps across all sectors of the economy, even if the underlying ability distributions for women and men are identical. This result arises because discrimination creates extra frictions for women, making it harder for them to select occupations according to their comparative advantage. Moreover, the earnings gaps that arise turn out to be larger for the self-employed, even though it is not the self-employment sector that is characterised by discrimination. Policy makers may therefore need to target the wage sector in order to address gender inequality for the self-employed.
Fluid simulations in heritage science
Authors: Grau-Bové Josep , Mazzei Luca , Strlic Matija , Cassar May
Published: March 2019

This review addresses the use of computational fluid dynamics for the interpretation and preservation of heritage. Fluid dynamic simulations in the heritage field focus mostly on slow air movement in indoor spaces and they usually involve temperature and humidity. Simulations have different roles: they may be exploratory, they may be used to support preventive conservation and occasionally they aid historical or archaeological interpretation. The research questions rarely involve testing or development of new mathematical formulations; instead, existing computational models are used as a means to help solve practical issues. Computationally, the simulations are typically steady-state and they always use a turbulence model. Experimental validations against measured data are uncommon and there is a need for the production of benchmarking cases and the publication of experimental data. Further research is needed in order to explore suitable approximations to the simulation of change in the time-scale of months or years, low turbulence flows for which current mainstream turbulence models are ill-suited, and new mathematical formulations for near-wall transport phenomena.
Evaluation of the expression of Bmi-1 stem cell marker in sinonasal melanomas and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins
Authors: dos Santos Harim Tavares , de Souza do Nascimento Juliana , Meireles Fernanda , Scarini João Figueira , Egal Erika Said , Montalli Victor Angelo , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , Altemani Albina
Published: March 2019

Background

Sinonasal melanomas (SNM) are aggressive neoplasms, which present distinct clinicopathological and molecular aspects when compared to cutaneous melanomas (CM). B-cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (Bmi-1) is a stem cell marker involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and has been found to be expressed in 70% of CM and 100% of benign nevi. Regarding the cell cycle, Bmi-1 is known to be an upstream repressor of p16, which is a tumor suppressor encoded by the INK4a/Arf locus. Considering this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 in a series of SNM and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins (p16 and Ki-67, a nuclear antigen of proliferating cells).

Methods

In 16 cases of SNM, nuclear expression of Bmi-1 and nuclear and cytoplasmic of p16 was classified as: absent, low (> 5 to < 50% of cells) and high (≥50%). Ki-67 proliferation index was represented by the ratio positive cells/ total cells.

Results

Histologically, all cases presented varying amount of necrosis and 75% contained undifferentiated cells. Bmi-1 was detected in 6 cases (37.5%) with high level of expression in 2; p16 expression was seen in 10 cases (62.5%) with high level in 7. The frequency of p16 expression did not differ significantly between tumors with or without Bmi-1 expression. Ki-67 index ranged from 8 to 22%. Neither Bmi-1 nor p16 expression showed correlation with Ki-67 index. Bmi-1 negative tumors presented more extensive necrosis (71.4%); no association between Bmi-1 expression and undifferentiated phenotype was observed.

Conclusions

In our SNM series, low immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 was a common phenomenon favoring the hypothesis that mucosal melanoma possibly presents molecular pathways different from the cutaneous counterpart. In SNM, Bmi-1 and p16 expression levels did not correlate with each other or with the cell proliferative index.
Biosonar interpulse intervals and pulse-echo ambiguity in four species of echolocating bats
Authors: Simmons James A. , Hiryu Shizuko , Shriram Uday
Published: March 2019

In complex biosonar scenes, the delay of echoes represents the spatial distribution of objects in depth. To avoid overlap of echo streams from successive broadcasts, individual echolocation sounds should only be emitted after all echoes of previous sounds have returned. However, close proximity of obstacles demands rapid pulse updates for steering to avoid collisions, which often means emitting a new sound before all of the previous echoes have returned. When two echo streams overlap, there is ambiguity about assigning echoes to the corresponding broadcasts. In laboratory tests of flight in dense, cluttered scenes, four species of echolocating bats exhibited different patterns of pulse emissions to accommodate potential pulse-echo ambiguity. Miniopterus fuliginosus emitted individual FM pulses only after all echoes of previous pulses had returned, with no alternating between long and short intervals. Pipistrellus abramus and Eptesicus fuscus alternated between emitting long FM pulse intervals to receive all echoes before the next pulse, and short intervals to update the rapidly changing scene while accepting partial overlap of successive echo streams. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum transmitted CF/FM pulses in alternating short and long intervals, usually two to four closely spaced sounds that produced overlapping echo streams, followed by a longer interval that separated echo streams. Rhinolophus is a statistical outlier from the three FM species, which are more similar to each other. The repeated overlap of CF/FM echo streams suggests that CF components have a distinct role in rejection of clutter and mitigation of ambiguity.
With illumination, the fluted giant clam,Tridacna squamosa, upregulates the protein abundance of an apical Na+: glucose cotransporter 1 homolog in its ctenidium, and increases exogenous glucose absorption that can be impeded by urea
Authors: Chan Christabel Y. L. , Hiong Kum C. , Choo Celine Y. L. , Boo Mel V. , Wong Wai P. , Chew Shit F. , Ip Yuen K.
Published: March 2019

Giant clams contain phototrophic zooxanthellae, and live in nutrient-deficient tropical waters where light is available. We had obtained the complete cDNA coding sequence of a homolog of Na+:Glucose Cotransporter 1 (SGLT1-like) from the ctenidium of the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa. SGLT1-like had a host origin and was expressed predominantly in the ctenidium. Molecular characterizations reveal that SGLT1-like of T. squamosa could transport urea, in addition to glucose, as other SGLT1s do. It has an apical localization in the epithelium of ctenidial filaments and water channels, and the apical anti-SGLT1-like immunofluorescence was stronger in individuals exposed to light than to darkness. Furthermore, the protein abundance of SGLT1-like increased significantly in the ctenidium of individuals exposed to light for 12 h, despite the SGLT1-like transcript level remained unchanged. As expected, T. squamosa, could perform light-enhanced glucose absorption, which was impeded by exogenous urea. These results denote the close relationships between light-enhanced glucose absorption and light-enhanced SGLT1-like expression in the ctenidium of T. squamosa. Although glucose absorption could be trivial compared with the donation of photosynthates from zooxanthellae in symbiotic adults, SGLT1-like might be essential for the survival of aposymbiotic larvae, leading to its retention in the symbiotic stage. A priori, glucose uptake through SGLT1-like might be augmented by the surface microbiome through nutrient cycling, and the absorbed glucose could partially fulfill the metabolic needs of the ctenidial cells. Additionally, SGLT1-like could partake in urea absorption, as T. squamosa is known to conduct light-enhanced urea uptake to benefit the nitrogen-deficient zooxanthellae.
Resolving coral photoacclimation dynamics through coupled photophysiological and metabolomic profiling
Authors: Lohr Kathryn E. , Camp Emma F. , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Lutz Adrian , Leggat William , Patterson Joshua T. , Suggett David J.
Published: March 2019

Corals continuously adjust to short term variation in light availability on shallow reefs. Long-term light alterations can also occur due to natural and anthropogenic stressors, as well as management interventions such as coral transplantation. Although short term photophysiological responses are relatively well-understood in corals, little information is available regarding photoacclimation dynamics over weeks of altered light availability. We coupled photophysiology and metabolomic profiling to explore changes that accompany longer-term photoacclimation in a key Great Barrier Reef coral species (Acropora muricata). High (HL) and low light (LL) acclimated corals were collected from the reef and reciprocally exposed to high and low light ex situ. Rapid light curves using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry revealed photophysiological acclimation of LL to HL and HL to LL shifted corals within 21 days. A subset of colonies sampled at 7 and 21 days for untargeted LC-MS and GC-MS metabolomic profiling revealed metabolic reorganization before acclimation was detected using PAM fluorometry. Metabolomic shifts were more pronounced for LL to HL treated corals than their HL to LL counterparts. Compounds driving metabolomic separation between HL-exposed and LL control colonies included amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids and sterols. Reduced glycerol and campesterol suggest decreased translocation of photosynthetic products from symbiont to host in LL to HL shifted corals, with concurrent increases in fatty acid abundance indicating reliance on stored lipids for energy. We discuss how these data provide novel insight into environmental regulation of metabolism and implications for management strategies that drive rapid changes in light availability.
Sensory feedback independent pre-song vocalizations correlate with time to song initiation
Authors: Rao Divya , Kojima Satoshi , Rajan Raghav
Published: March 2019

The song of the adult male zebra finch is a well-studied example of a learned motor sequence. Song bouts begin with a variable number of introductory notes (INs) before actual song production. Previous studies have shown that INs progress from a variable initial state to a stereotyped final state before each song. This progression is thought to represent motor preparation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the role of sensory feedback in the progression of INs to song. We found that the mean number of INs before song and the progression of INs to song were not affected by removal of two sensory feedback pathways (auditory or proprioceptive). In both feedback-intact and feedback-deprived birds, the presence of calls (other non-song vocalizations), just before the first IN, was correlated with fewer INs before song and an initial state closer to song. Finally, the initial IN state correlated with the time to song initiation. Overall, these results show that INs do not require real-time sensory feedback for progression to song. Rather, our results suggest that, changes in IN features and their transition to song are controlled by internal neural processes, possibly involved in getting the brain ready to initiate a learned movement sequence.
Interspecific scaling of blood flow rates and arterial sizes in mammals
Authors: Seymour Roger S. , Hu Qiaohui , Snelling Edward P. , White Craig R.
Published: March 2019

This meta-study investigates the relationships between blood flow rate (Q̇ ; cm3 s−1), wall shear stress (τ; dyne cm−2) and lumen radius (ri; cm) in 20 named systemic arteries of nine species of mammals, weighing from 23 g mice to 652 kg cows, at rest. In the dataset, derived from 50 studies, lumen radius varies between 3.7 µm in a cremaster artery of a rat to 11.2 mm in the aorta of a human. The 92 logged data points of Q̇ and ri are described by a single second-order polynomial curve with the equation, log Q̇=−0.20 log ri2 +1.91 log ri+1.82. The slope of the curve increases from approximately 2 in the largest arteries to approximately 3 in the smallest ones. Thus, da Vinci's Rule (Q̇ ∝ ri2) applies to the main arteries and Murray's Law (Q̇ ∝ ri3) applies to the microcirculation. A subset of the data, comprising only cephalic arteries in which Q̇ is fairly constant, yielded the allometric power equation, Q̇=155 ri2.49. These empirical equations allow calculation of resting perfusion rates from arterial lumen size alone, without reliance on theoretical models or assumptions on the scaling of wall shear stress in relation to body mass. As expected, Q̇ of individual named arteries is strongly affected by body mass, however, Q̇ of the common carotid artery from six species (mouse to horse) is also sensitive to differences in whole-body basal metabolic rate, independent of the effect of body mass.
Neuroimaging in Psychiatry and Neurodevelopment: why the emperor has no clothes
Authors: Anderson Ashley N. , King Jace B. , Anderson Jeffrey S
Published: March 2019

Neuroimaging has been a dominant force in guiding research into psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders for decades, yet researchers have been unable to formulate sensitive or specific imaging tests for these conditions. The search for neuroimaging biomarkers has been constrained by limited reproducibility of imaging techniques, limited tools for evaluating neurochemistry, heterogeneity of patient populations not defined by brain-based phenotypes, limited exploration of temporal components of brain function, and relatively few studies evaluating developmental and longitudinal trajectories of brain function. Opportunities for development of clinically impactful imaging metrics include longer duration functional imaging data sets, new engineering approaches to mitigate suboptimal spatiotemporal resolution, improvements in image post-processing and analysis strategies, big data approaches combined with data sharing of multisite imaging samples, and new techniques that allow dynamical exploration of brain function across multiple timescales. Despite narrow clinical impact of neuroimaging methods, there is reason for optimism that imaging will contribute to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in the near future.
Image quality optimization of narrow detector dental computed tomography for paediatric patients
Authors: Brasil Danieli Moura , Pauwels Ruben , Coucke Wim , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

Dental CBCT exposure parameters should be optimized according to patient-specific indications, mainly for children that are most vulnerable to harmful effects of ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to determine optimized kV settings for paediatric acquisitions for a dental CBCT device.

Methods:

Clinical and quantitative evaluations of image quality were performed using 5 and 10 years old (y/o) anthropomorphic phantoms. Technical evaluation was performed with the SEDENTEXCT-IQ phantom. Images were obtained using a PaX-i3D Green CBCT (Vatech, Korea) device, combining tube voltages ranging from 85 to 110 kV and 2 fields of view (FOVs: 21 × 19 and 12 × 9 cm), while maintaining the radiation dose fixed by adjusting the mA accordingly. Clinically, observers assessed images based on overall quality, sharpness, contrast, artefacts, and noise. For quantitative evaluation, mean grey value shift, % increase standard deviation, % beam-hardening and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated. For technical evaluation, segmentation accuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio and full width at half maximum were measured. Biplot graphs were used to choose representative parameters, from which the best kV was selected for each protocol and evaluation. kV values that had no statistical differences (p > 0.05) with the best kV chosen were considered as having the same quality.

Results:

Clinically, 95 kV was found as a cut-off value. From the quantitative aspect, 85 kV (p < 0.05) showed the worst quality, except in 12 × 9 cm 5 y/o. Technically, 85 and 110 kV in the large FOV showed significantly worse quality for the large FOV.

Conclusion:

For paediatric indications, 95 kV or higher (and correspondingly low mA values) was found as optimal.
Analysis of the expression of D-dimer, CD147 and miR203 and their correlation in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Xiguo , Liu Xiuzhen
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of D-dimer, CD147 and miR-203, and detect the influence of these biomarkers on the pathological characteristics in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: The patients with gastric cancer treated using radical gastrectomy between May 2013 and October 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The expression of D-dimer, miR203 and CD147 was measured for all the patients, and the clinical data including age, gender, tumor size, tumor differentiation, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, TMN stage, and pathological type were retrieved and analyzed. The study was carried out in affiliated Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Qingzhou, China.

Results: Two hundred sixty patients with gastric cancer were included. The patients with tumor metastasis, larger tumor diameter, lower differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, deeper invasion, and higher TMN stage presented with a significantly higher D-dimer and CD 147 expression, but the level of the two biomarkers didn’t show a significant difference in patients with different pathological type, gender and age. Compared with CD147 and D-dimer, miR203 presented with different characteristics of expression. In addition, the expression of miR203 was negatively correlated with CD147 and D-dimer, and there was a positive correlation between CD147 and D-dimer in patients with gastric cancer.

Conclusion: In this study, a close correlation of D-dimer, miR203 and CD147 was found, and these three biomarkers should be screened in gastric cancer patients.

How to cite this:Wu X, Liu X. Analysis of the expression of D-dimer, CD147 and miR203 and their correlation in gastric cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):443-447. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.718

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The process of Improving of IFRS and Russian Accounting Practices
Authors: Дмитриева И. , Dmitrieva I. , Машинистова Г. , Mashinistova G. , Харакоз Ю. , Kharakoz Yu.
Published: March 2019

Th e article considers the issues of reforming the national accounting and reporting in accordance with International fi nancial reporting standards, Conceptual framework for fi nancial reporting.
The Irish Language – a Unique Part of Irish Life and Cultural Revitalisation and Protection
Authors: Slatinská Anna
Published: March 2019

The present paper is devoted to the topic of the Irish language and its relation to Irish identity in the modern world, taking into account crucial aspects of the language’s revitalisation and protection. The focus is predominantly on particular ways of achieving the ambitious goal of societal bilingualism in Ireland in the long term. The notion that language and identity are interrelated is the leitmotif of this chapter. Approaching the issue from socio-linguistic and ethnographic perspectives, the revitalisation of the Irish language may trigger the interest of the wider public, assuming that language is an invaluable part of spiritual, nonmaterial culture. Indeed, we consider that the death of the Irish language would be a serious loss not only in the sphere of Ireland’s cultural and national heritage, but also in the wider European sphere.
Axiological Vectors in the American and Russian Presidental Discourse: The State of the Union Address and the Address to the Russian Federal Assembly Compared
Authors: Saduov Ruslan
Published: March 2019

Presidential discourse is an indicative of axiological and other developmental vectors of a linguocultural community. It informs one about the main social, cultural, economic, and political changes in a country. In this respect, the annual State of the Union Address in the USA and the Address to the Federal Assembly in Russia are seen as the highlights of the political calendar in both countries, as these statements summarise the most relevant issues and enable their respective leaders to elaborate on their vision of their nation’s future. This paper aims to analise and compare the axiological vectors developed in the given presidential addresses in both Russia and the USA in the period from 2009 to 2015. It traces not only the most relevant values promoted by the political leaders, but also any axiological changes that occurred in the eventful years under investigation. The results of the research inform one about the current axiological identities of the linguocultural communities in question and the changing vectors of their development.
Dimensions of the paediatric femur: Anatomical limitations of flexible intramedullary nailing
Authors: Lucak T. , Raju S. , Andrews A. , Igbokwe L. , Heffernan M. J.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Although spica casting remains the benchmark for treating diaphyseal femur fractures in preschool children, some authors advocate using flexible intramedullary nails in certain situations. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anatomic feasibility of flexible nailing in young children.

Methods

Consecutive patients between the ages of zero and ten years with normal femurs who received femur radiographs at a tertiary paediatric hospital over a two-year period were included. Anteroposterior femur radiographs were evaluated for length and isthmus width measurements. Each femur was templated for flexible nail size. The proportions of each age group capable of accommodating two flexible nails up to 4.0 mm in size were determined and compared.

Results

A total of 381 full-length femur radiographs were reviewed. There was a strong, direct linear relationship between age and femoral length (R2 = 0.896) and a moderate correlation between age and femoral isthmus width (R2 = 0.417). Although the percentage of femurs able to accommodate flexible nails continued to increase with age, this increase did not represent a significant difference when comparing preschool-aged children with older age groups.

Conclusions

Age and femoral length demonstrated a strong, positive correlation while age and isthmus width had weaker correlation. The ability of femurs to accommodate flexible nails increased with age with most children age two years and older able to accommodate two flexible nails of at least 2.5 mm in size.

Level of Evidence

III
Penerapan Generalized Cross Validation dalam Model Regresi Smoothing Spline pada Produksi Ubi Jalar di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Wahyuningsih Trionika Dian , Handajani Sri Sulistijowati , Indriati Diari
Published: March 2019

Sweet Potato is a useful plant as a source carbohydrates, proteins, and is used as an animal feed and ingredient industry. Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the production fluctuations of the sweet potato in Central Java from year to year are caused by many factor. The production of sweet potato and the factors that affected it if they are described into a pattern of relationships then they do not have a specific pattern and do not follow a particular distribution, such as harvest area, the allocation of subsidized urea fertilizer, and the allocation of subsidized organic fertilizer. Therefore, the production model of sweet potato could be applied into nonparametric regression model. The approach used for nonparametric regression in this study is smoothing spline regression. The method used in regression smoothing spline is generalized cross validation (GCV). The value of the smoothing parameter (λ) is chosen from the minimum GCV value. The results of the study show that the optimum λ value for the factors of harvest area, urea fertilizer and organic fertilizer are 5.57905e-14, 2.51426e-06, and 3.227217e-13 that they result a minimum GCV i.e 2.29272e-21, 1.38391e-16, and 3.46813e-24.

 

Keywords: Sweet potato; nonparametric; smoothing spline; generalized cross validation.
Las tres partes de la Silva de varios romances de Vicenç Beltran
Authors: Medina Lilian , Higashi Alejandro
Published: March 2019

Vicenç Beltran (introd.), Primera parte dela Silua de varios Romances [...] impressa en Çaragoça por Steuan G. de Nagera, 1550, edición facsímil, estudio de Vicenç Beltran, coordinación de la edición de José J. Labrador Herraiz, Madrid, Frente de Afirmación Hispanista, 2016, 596 pp.; Vicenç Beltran (introd.), Segunda parte dela Silua de varios Romances [...] impressa en Çaragoça por Steuan G. de Nagera, 1550, edición facsímil, estudio de Vicenç Beltran, coordinación de la edición de José J. Labrador Herraiz, Madrid, Frente de Afirmación Hispanista, 2017, 596 pp.; Vicenç Beltran (introd.), Tercera parte dela Silua de varios romances [...] impressa en Çaragoça por Esteban G. de Nagera, 1551, edición facsímil, estudio de Vicenç Beltran, coordinación de la edición de José J. Labrador Herraiz, Madrid, Frente de Afirmación Hispanista, 2017, 518 pp.
HUBUNGAN PENILAIAN “BENAR-SALAH” DALAM PENERJEMAHAN (Sebuah Kajian Awal)
Authors: Purnawan Ayup
Published: March 2019

The evaluation or judgment of a translation is not a matter of right or wrong because the process of translation involves several aspects, which takes a serious attention. Those aspects are intra-lingual, target as well as source language, and extra-lingual aspect. Those aspects connect each other in a translation process. This papers aims to elaborate the complexities of those aspects by giving examples and to explain their effects in a translation process.
BAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI BAHASA DIGLOSIS
Authors: Ni’mah Umi Nurun
Published: March 2019

Just like many centuries ago, the Arabic language today is under a “diglossic” situation. As a langue, it richly varies that among them are the “high” and the “low” –something that very common in a diglossic situation. The “high” is the formal variant, called fushā and the “low” is the colloquial spoken variant, called lahjah (dialect). This latest variant grows differently in many shapes that are not yet clearly classified as the linguists agree so far. The dichotomy between fushā-lahjah truly is not a new phenomenon in Arabic world as it has taken place since long ago. However, it has just become a serious problem lately. The dialectical Arabic growth of the lahjah with its plenty different variants in the centers of culture raises problems. This paper comes before you describing the general situation instead of the detail characteristic of every variant. Besides, herewith the discussion on the scientific attention on the matter of diglossic Arabic and —certainly— the problems it rises. The Arabic linguists pay so much attention to solve it for which the debates come largely. The unavoidable disagreements come into one of the three: keeping the fushā, contradicting it, or standing between. Some opinions are given for examples. However all out they have made their effort for it, it would remain a difficult problem without a serious consideration of all the Arab Unity on their own language. Therefore, the involvement of all of the Arabic states is absolutely needed.
IBNU JINNĪ MENEMBUS SEKAT MAZHAB LINGUISTIK (Memadukan Aspek Logis dan Sosiologis)
Authors: Afandi Zamzam
Published: March 2019

Abū al-Fath Usmān Ibnu Jinnī, a prolific Arabic linguist with more than forty five works, has a significant role in Arabic linguistics development. He made some efforts to cool down the tension between the two main schools of nahwu Bashra and Kufa that competed to penetrate their influence upon Arabic linguistics theories. Ibnu Jinnī, who had Motazila theological background, tried to bring the Arabic linguistic thoughts out of this conflict and took its way from hegemony of these two schools. He stood up between the two schools theories by combining the philosophical (logical) and sociological approach in discussing issues of Arabic linguistics. This article tries to examine the theory, method and approach used by Ibnu Jinnī in dealing with the linguistics issues. The article finds that Ibnu Jinnī view is that language is not a mere rational entity, but it has social dimensions. Based on this theory, Ibnu Jinnī shifted the paradigm of the Arabic linguistic issues from nah} wu based theories debate to a broader discourse and more comprehensive theories covering internal or structural aspects such as phonology, morphology, syntax as well as external aspects, notably sociology.
NĀZIK AL-MALĀ`IKAH: Sepintas Biografi dan Pemikirannya tentang Puisi Bebas (Studi Tokoh Sastra Arab)
Authors: Atho`illah Achmad
Published: March 2019

This article aims to provide a short biography of Iraqi Arab poet, Nāzik al-Malā`ikah, and her thoughts about free verse (al-syi’r al-h} urr). In this paper, the writer applies her personal life history. The results of this article show that Nāzik is a popular figure in modern Arabic literature. She occupies a prominent position not only because of her innovative experimental poetry, but also because of her critical theories. Since the publication of her first collection, ‘Āsyiqah al-Lail (1947),—which contains one of her best known works entitledKūlīra—she has contributed toward transforming Arabic poetry in terms of its orientation and structure. This is reflected equally in her works and in her critical theorization of the new poetic form known as free verse (al-syi’r al-h} urr). In 1949, she published her second volume of poems, Syazāyā wa Ramād, and prefaced it with a theory of new poetry metrics. Nāzik defines free verse (alsyi’r al-hurr) as any poetry that departs from the twohemistich line system and that employs the taf'ilah “foot”. And, the basic of the taf'ilah poetry is the unity of metrical foot. In her theory of new poetry metrics, she recommended two kinds of meters. They are pure meters (al-buhūr al-sāfiyah) and mixed meters (al-buhūr al-mamzūjah).
KLASIFIKASI KATA DALAM BAHASA ARAB MENURUT LINGUIS ARAB KLASIK DAN MODERN
Authors: Basith Abdul
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to investigate Arabic word classificati based on Arabic Grammarians and modern linguists’ perspectives and principles which they use in that classification. As it is explored by Arabic Grammarians, the word classification is divided into three components, such as ism (noun), fi'l (verb) and harf (particle) ,which causes problems when between definition and sign of each of the classification is unmatched in a given text. Therefore, some modern linguists, one of them is Tamām Hassān, try to reconsider and to remake a new classification of Arabic words. While other Arabic Grammarians only use the six principles of classification (such as distribution principle, substitution principle, function principle, morpheme principle, meaning principle and predicative principle), Tamām Hassān uses two additional principles, those are: the form principle (al-mabnā) and the meaning principle (alma'nā). and the conclusion of is that Arabic word is divided to seven such as ism (noun), sifah (adjective), fi'l (verb), damīr (pronoun),  arf (adverb), khalīfah (exclamation) and adāh.
STRUKTUR WACANA IKLAN PERDUKUNAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Ashari
Published: March 2019

The research aims describe the discourse components and patterns structure of perdukunan (a person who can make contact with the world of spirit or the world of shamanism, medicine man, healer, exorcist, etc)  advertisement. The objective of this research is to analyze the discourse perdukunan advertisement.  In addition, the descriptive method combined with sociolinguistic study approach use in this research. Three stage of descriptive method are data collecting, data analysis, and analysis explanation. Data recourse take from Posmo tabloid. The data are described by the theory of discourse analysis and situational aspects on the theory sociolinguistics.  Base on the elaboration and the explanation of data, it is found that perdukunan advertisement component and pattern varies. Perdukunan advertisement discourse component consists of problems elements, resolutions of those elements, and the reinforcements of element. The discourse pattern of perdukunan advertisement consists of introduction, body and closing. Those three parts comprised both main components and supporting component. The main component was the information which proved the information of O1 identity, problem and resolution. The supporting component was the proposition which confirmed or supported the information of main components. Those which included in the supporting components were testimony, guarantee and suggestion.
Truthmaker Trinitarianism
Authors: Byerly Ryan
Published: March 2019

This paper employs recent developments in the theory of truthmakers to offer a novel solution to the most discussed philosophical challenge presented by the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. According to the view developed, the Father, Son, and Spirit each serve as the only substantial constituent of equally minimal truthmakers for claims about God. Because they do, there is a clear and robust sense in which each is a substance that “is” God as much as anything is, while the three remain distinct from each other. The view is shown to hold certain prima facie advantages over rival extant approaches.