bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDE OF BALOCHISTAN’S YOUTH TOWARDS INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE BRAHUI AS COMPARED TO URDU AND ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF (SBK) SARDAR BAHADUR KHAN WOMEN UNIVERSITY, QUETTA
Authors:   Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan, Kurd Shehla Anwer , Hassan Saima ,   Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

This research aims to compare the attitudes of Balochistan’s youth towards indigenous language i.e. Brahui in comparison to Urdu and English. It explores instrumental and integrative motivations of participants towards these languages. The study adopted quantitative paradigm, a questionnaire as a research instrument. The data was collected from 90 participants of Brahui speakers. The data was analyzed by the SPSS program through frequency and mean analysis. The study concludes that participants’ attitudes were positive towards English language, neutral to Urdu language and negative towards Brahui language. The participants showed highly positive (instrumental and integrative) motivation towards Brahui vs Urdu languages. This study also determines other dominant languages spoken in Balochistan that are Balochi and Pashto. Keywords: Language attitude, Indigenous language, instrumental motivation, integrative motivation.
FISCAL ADJUSTMENT: ASSESSING THE SUCCESS AND IMPACT IN CASE OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Economics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., Hussain Ibrar , Hayat Umar ,   Department of Economics and Development Studies, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., Alam Aftab ,   Harbin University of Science and Technology, Heilongjiang China.
Published: February 2023

This study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal reforms in lowering the national debt and their effects on Pakistan's economic growth. Findings from such an investigation of the composition of fiscal adjustment show that while spending-based consolidation significantly lowers the debt-to-GDP ratio, it has a contractionary effect on the economy as a whole. This brings to light an important feature of Pakistan's public expenditure structure: while adopting austerity measures, the government prefers to reduce capital spending on items that are less politically contentious. Additional findings showed that, despite playing a significant role in producing an expansionary effect, modifications to current spending do not successfully reduce public debt. Even though descriptive analyses cannot prove a cause-and-effect relationship, success seems to be impacted by tax-side adjustments. Similar to this, the structure of direct and indirect taxes also raises the possibility of fiscal adjustment success. According to the analysis, the composition of direct taxes has minimal bearing on both the success and impacts. To minimize adverse effects, the government should rely on spending-based adjustments. In addition, altering the ratio of government spending in favor of capital investment is probably going to spur economic growth and help the nation meet its MDGs. Keywords: Fiscal Adjustment; Success; Impact; Public Debt; GDP Growth; Millennium Development Goals
INCIVILITY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON CAMPUS: CAUSES AND IMPACT
Authors:   Department of Sociology & Rural Development, University of AJ&K, Muzaffarabad, Khan Ayesha Habib , Hameed Abdul Manan ,   Department of Sociology & Rural Development, University of AJ&K, Muzaffarabad, Khaliq Tabish ,   Department of Sociology & Rural Development, University of AJ&K, Muzaffarabad
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to study the manifestation of incivility among students of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir and further analyze the causes and impact of students’ incivility at campus as it provides a detailed picture of the types and classification of interpersonal conflict situations that arise among students. The study was conducted in one of the oldest and largest university of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 55 student respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Phenomenology as a research method was adopted and data was collected using unstructured and conversational interviews which was later analyzed by making themes. The results obtained from the study have indicated that students differentiate among various uncivil behaviors, from a regular bullying to abusing, to major hand fights. The reasons behind the uncivil behaviors as analyzed by the collected interviews are personal differences, management ignorance and sometimes a latent hate. In addition to this, students who have experienced frequent uncivil behavior at campus has an impact on their academic learning as well as psychological health. The study concludes that majority students who have been part of any kind of incivility at campus are the fresh comers and are enrolled in BS programs. Hence recommends to introduce faculty-led orientation sessions and to increase the faculty civility as teachers can play eminent role in shaping students’ civil behavior. Keywords: uncivil behaviour, incivility, conflict at campus, hate speech
Entarpment neuropathy of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel
Authors: Fominykh A. A. , Kotov N. B. , Bessarabova A. O. , Kharus V. O. , Gluschenko A. Yu.
Published: February 2023

The objective of our study is to introduce practical doctor to compression neuropathy of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel and prove the need for timely detection and referral of patients with fibular neuropathy, if there are indications, for surgical treatment. We have considered examples of modern diagnostics and treatment of entrapment neuropathy of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel, moreover, we presented clinical cases. In the period of 2011–2022 29 patients (19 women and 10 men) with entarpment neuropathy of the peroneal nerve were examined on the base of the Clinical and Diagnostic Center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad, Russia) and the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kaliningrad Regional Clinical Hospital (Kaliningrad, Russia). Ultrasonography was performed on a APLIO 500 company Tochiba (Japan) sensor Canon PLT 1204 BT 38 mm (5–18 MHz) and convex sensor CANONPVT-375 SC (1.5–6.0 MHz), as well as on the device ACUSON S 2000 Siemens (USA) with sensor 18L6 HD (5.5–18.0 MHz). Electromyography (EMG) was performed on the VIASYS Healthcare Neurocare (USA). The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 78 years old. All patients have been decompression, revision, neurolysis (5 endoneurolysis) of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel. 26 patients has excellent results, 2 patient has good, 1 patient has poor results of treatment.
Comparison by Gender of Muscle Power of Knee Extensors and Flexors of Athletics Athletes from the National Training and Athletics Center of the University of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Silva Francisco Rafael Oliveira , Lima Danilo Figueiredo , Pinheiro Mônica Helena Neves Pereira
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to compare the muscular power of the extensors and flexors of track and field athletes from the National Training and Athletics Center of the University of Fortaleza by male and female gender and not by event. Ten women and six men were evaluated, totaling 16 athletes, using the Cybex® brand isokinetic. The isokinetic evaluation has been used in many studies to evaluate the potency among other valences.
Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders by Magnetic Resonance: a narrative review
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Moreira , Souza Marly Barbosa Maia , Diego Regina Paula Soares
Published: February 2023

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is extremely important and complex for the organism, since it is responsible for joining the skull to the mandible. Therefore, any alteration due to injury or dysfunction can cause signs and symptoms that characterize temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Based on a narrative review, this study sought to analyze the effectiveness of the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders by magnetic resonance imaging, through a literature review. It was evidenced that, among radiodiagnosis exams, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers essential data and information regarding the mapping of the TMJ, especially in cases of dysfunction due to disk displacement. of the joint, also having the advantage of not exposing the patient to ionizing radiation, as in the case of computed tomography, for example. Thus, it is impossible not to link the benefits offered by MRI for the diagnosis of TMD. With high-resolution images, the MRI technique allows detailed and precise anatomical and functional observation, providing exclusive information on the studied segments, results that only the MRI device can achieve. Although it has limitations like any method, its incomparable advantages stand out, taking MRI to an unattainable level in relation to other techniques available for studying the TMJ.
Relationship Between Functional and Breathing Abilities in Institutionalized Elderly: A Cohort Study
Authors: Silva Camila Raquel de Castro , Cavalcante Carina dos Santos , Souza Cláudia Stefanny de Menezes , Farias Luana Maria , Almeida Amanda Souza Araújo Almeida , Lopes Junior José Evaldo Gonçalves , Callou-Filho Cesário Rui , Montenegro Juliana Pinto
Published: February 2023

Aging is a natural process with a wide range of profiles, and its changes can be physiological or pathological, even if people have the same chronological age. Here, we analyze the relationship between functional and respiratory capacities in institutionalized elderly. This research is defined as a cross-sectional, descriptive, prospective study, with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Shelter Unit for the Elderly in Fortaleza. The study consisted of 26 institutionalized elderly people able to participate in the sample. We identified that male participants predominated in this study, with an average age of 74 years with a history of smoking and alcoholism, where the majority did not undergo physical therapy. The average execution time of the Timed Up and Go Test was 18.2 seconds. When analyzing the difference in the cirtometry means, a variation was found for the axillary, xiphoid and umbilical measurements. Mean of inspiratory muscle strength of 35.2 cmH2O and expiratory 51.4 cm H2O were evaluated. When evaluating the quality of life, the physical domain was detected as the greatest value. It is concluded that the variation in functional capacity and mobility through the TUG has no correlation with the respiratory capacity assessed through cirtometry and manovacuometry.
The Similarity and Duplication of Research Proposals as Corruption in the Academic System: Referring to the regulatory system of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Yang Chun Soo
Published: February 2023

Science aims to discover or produce truth. Accordingly, researchers participating in the academic system must contribute to discovering or producing the truth. For this reason, the research integrity and research ethics are required of researchers. On the other hand, as the research ethics is strengthened in the academic system, the research application stage, that is, the stage of writing a research proposal, is also included in the regulatory domain of the research ethics. The plagiarism or duplication of research proposals is pointed out as one of new research misconducts. However, it is not an easy matter to regulate plagiarism or duplication of research proposals with what targets, with what standards, and with what procedures. This article examines the similarity and duplication of research proposals in this critical context. In particular, by examining the regulatory system of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, this article seeks some useful insights. According to this, the research ethics is applied throughout the life cycle of research. Therefore, the research ethics is also applied to the process of preparing and applying for a research proposal to receive research support. Accordingly, researchers must ensure that their research proposal does not get caught up in the problem of its similarity or duplication. However, considering that the research ethics is still in the process of being formed, it is necessary to think more about how to deal with the duplication problem of research proposals.
A Study on the Protection System for whistleblowers in DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1937
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Lee Woo Jin
Published: February 2023

In April 2018, the EU Commission launched a proposal for a directive aimed at providing uniform protection for whistleblowers and a provisional agreement was reached between member states and the European Parliament in March 2019. It was adopted as Directive 2019/1937 in December 2019. Before the process kicked off, the Commission stated that just 10 EU member states - France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden and the UK (then a member state) had some form of “comprehensive law” protecting whistleblowers.
The Directive had to be transposed into national law by 17 December 2021, a deadline that most EU member states failed to meet. So far only Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Cyprus, Lithuania, Malta, Latvia, Croatia, Ireland and France have transposed it into national law.
In addition to the important aspects of the Directive are as follows:
￭Organisations with more than 50 employees are obliged to establish suitable internal reporting channels
￭Whistleblowers should be able to submit reports in writing via an online system, by post or orally through the use of a telephone hotline or answering machine system. Companies have to ensure that the identity of the whistleblower is kept confidential regardless of the channel used.
￭All personal data must be handled in accordance with the GDPR
￭Organisations must designate a suitable person to receive and follow up on reports internally
￭Receipt of the report must be confirmed to the whistleblower within seven days while he or she must be informed of any action taken within three months, as well as the status of the internal investigation and its outcome
￭Companies are required to provide information on the internal reporting process as well as on the reporting channel(s) to the respective authority.
￭Sanctions are included whereby companies obstructing the reporting procedure will face penalties. The same applies to a failure to keep the whistleblower’s identity confidential or retaliatory action by the employer
The EU Whistleblowing Directive aims to provide common minimum standards of protection for whistleblowers across the EU. In addition, taking Through the introduction and transition of EU Whistleblowing Directive in Member States allows a company to create a positive image of transparency and trust, an essential element of a healthy corporate culture.
APPLICATION AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE MEDICAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY AND RELATED SPECIALTIES IN BULGARIA
Authors:   University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology ", Kostov Ivan ,   Maichin Dom",   , Sofia, Bulgaria., Ingilizova Gergana ,   Vita" Multidisciplinary Hospital for Active Treatment, Sofia, Bulgaria., Slavov Sergei ,   University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Maichin Dom", Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: February 2023

This study has examined and analyzed the public information on inspections performed by the Executive Agency "Medical Supervision" (EAMS) of hospitals in the country - specialized obstetrics and gynaecology hospitals and departments in multidisciplinary hospitals related to Obstetrics and gynaecology (OG), oncogynaecology, neonatology and reproductive medicine for a period of three years (2014 – 2016) in order to establish the presence, frequency and causes of malpractices of the requirements of the relevant medical standard. Materials and methods: The results of 74 inspections under the medical standard and 29 mixed in 125 medical institutions were analyzed. Results: In most of the inspections carried out by the Executive Agency "Medical Supervision", no malpractices of compliance with medical standards were found. The established malpractices under the medical standard mainly concerned obstetrics and gynaecology care and the standard of OG – 57,3% and to a much less extent the standards of neonatology and assisted reproduction – 13,6% for each. The largest part of the deviations in medical standards in OG (p <0.05) concerned the accurate maintenance and filling in of the medical documentation – 26.0%, insufficient operational activity – 21.5% and staff qualifications – 18.8%. The main problem in neonatology was the number of medical staff, and in assisted reproduction - 24 hours of continuity of service. Conclusions: As of date the research outlines the need for future actions to revise the current medical standards in OG, assisted reproduction and neonatology, mainly in terms of how the standard works, whether it needs updating and to what extent it is accepted by the profession.
Endogenous frequencies and large shocks: price setting in Greece during the crisis
Authors: Dixon Huw , Kosma Theodora , Petroulas Pavlos
Published: February 2023

We utilize a unique micro price data set for Greece that underpins the Greek CPI. It spans almost two decades, during which Greece suffered a large economic shock. We find that during this time there were significant changes in the pricing behavior of Greek firms. We also find macro-economic developments such as annual inflation and output growth are important factors in determining the frequency and size of price changes. This leads to an intertemporal inflation dynamic linking current inflation to future price behavior and inflation. Utilizing the empirical estimates from the data, we combine a Taylor rule and Euler equation with the inflation dynamic resulting from the asymmetric impact of inflation on the frequency of price increases and the frequency of price decreases. The results of the simulations capture the Greek inflation developments well. Moreover, they also capture developments in the frequency of price increases and decreases seen in other economies and over different time-periods.
OPTIMASI FLOW BATUBARA KALSINER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI RAW MILL DI PT XYZ
Authors: Soegipawira Filipus Rigel , Dharmawan Aditya
Published: February 2023

Peranan penting industri semen dalam pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia didukung dengan produksi semen yang mampu memenuhi permintaan konsumen semen di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data ASI (Asosiasi Semen Indonesia), kapasitas produksi nasional tahun 2020 mencapai 115,3 juta ton, sementara permintaan konsumen semen nasional sebesar 62,7 juta ton. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjaga kualitas dan kapasitas produksi industri semen dapat ditinjau dari peningkatan efisiensi dari peralatan yang mendukung, dalam hal ini Raw Mill dengan pengoptimasian flow fuel Kalsiner (Suspension Preheater). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan optimasi batubara Kalsiner dengan metode trial and error non-linear, diperoleh penggunaan batubara paling optimum saat 15000 kg/hr dimana flow tersebut mengalami perubahan dari kondisi desain 25000 kg/hr ke kondisi aktual 20000 kg/hr menjadi 15000 kg/hr. Hal akhir yang diperoleh yaitu nilai total saving cost paling besar yaitu Rp 17,208,578.51/hr, nilai efisiensi kinerja alat Raw Mill yang sudah mendekati maksimal data desain yaitu sebesar 94.95713945%, dan efisiensi proses pemanasan sebesar 78.34030589%.
Optimasi Diameter Silika dengan Metode Regresi Polinomial untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Unit Filter PDAM
Authors: Yuniawati Ilma , Dharmawan Aditya
Published: February 2023

Seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan kegiatan yang mengakibatkan meningkatnyakebutuhan terhadap air bersih. Maka, diperlukan pengolahan air ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkanair yang berkualitas mengacuh pada standa air minum Indonesia yaitu PerMenKes No. 492 tahun2010 tentang persyaratan kualitas air minum. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas unit media pasir silikayang merupakan unit pengolahan air yang sangat penting dalam penyisishan kekeruhan. Nilaiparameter kekeruhan pada kualitas air menandahkan bahwa terdapat senyawa organik maupunanorganik yang berada didalam air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diameterpasir silika yang paling optimal dalam menurunkan nilai kekeruhan pada air. Pada unit filtrasidiameter filter sangat berpengaruh terhadap nilai kekeruhan. Semakin kecil diameter pasir silikamaka penyisihan kekeruhan akan semakin baik. Pada penelitian ini membandingkan ukuran diametermedia pasir silika dari hasil terdahulu dengan media pasir silika berdiameter 0,08 mm. Diameteryang optimal dalam penyisihan kekeruhan adalah media pasir silika dengan ukuran diameter 0,06mm dengan effisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan 99,8%.
EVALUASI POTENSI SCALING PADA PIPA PRODUKSI DI LAPANGAN TAPEN PT PERTAMINA EP ASSET 4 FIELD CEPU
Authors: Subekti Henk
Published: February 2023

Dalam proses pendistribusian minyak mentah, sering dijumpai adanya masalah yang dapat mengganggu aliran fluida yang melewati pipa. Salah satu problematika yang sering terjadi pada proses pendistribusian crude oil adalah terbentuknya endapan yang disebut scale. Scale adalah hasil pengendapan mineral yang berasal dari air formasi yang terproduksi bersama minyak dan gas. Scale didefinisikan sebagai suatu deposit dari senyawa-senyawa anorganik yang terendapkan dan membentuk timbunan kristal pada permukaan suatu substansi. Penyebab langsung terbentuknya scale adalah penurunan tekanan, perubahan temperatur, dan bercampurnya dua macam mineral yang susunan mineral yang dikandungnya tidak saling cocok.

Adanya scale menimbulkan banyak masalah dalam proses produksi minyak dan gas karena dapat mengganggu proses pendistribusian fluida, disamping itu biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk keperluan pembersihan dan pencegahannya juga tinggi. Pencegahan terbentuknya scale di lapangan minyak khususnya di dalam pipa distribusi crude oil adalah dengan menginjeksikan bahan-bahan kimia. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan penambahan berbagai bahan kimia seperi HCl, CuSO4 dan campuran HCl dengan CuSO4 untuk berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Pada sumur TPN-01,TPN-02, TPN-03, TPN-04, TPN-05 dan TPN-06  Lapangan Tapen (TPN) yang ada di PT Pertamina EP Asset 4 Field Cepu, scale kemungkinan terbentuk di-flowline, karena adanya peningkatan tekanan pada flowline. Pada sumur ini scale yang terbentuk berjenis CaCO3 . Hal ini dibuktikan dengan kandungan ion senyawa kimia yang ada di air formasinya dan telah dilakukannya perhitungan Scale Index (SI) mengunakan metode Stiff Davis. Scale ini hanya akan larut pada asam, sesuai dengan karakteristik scale tersebut. Pada situasi ini asam yang digunakan untuk proses penanggulangan berjenis asam HCl. Setelah proses penanggulangan scale dilakukan, maka hasil evaluasi diharapkan  pada Productivity index (PI) dan Trend produksi di Sumur TPN-01, TPN-03 dan TPN-06 Lapangan Tapen (TPN) terjadi peningkatan. Sehingga proses penanggulangan scale tersebut dikatakan berhasil.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI THERMAL DAN EKSERGI PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PANAS BUMI (PLTP) TIPE SINGLE FLASH
Authors: Satria Perdana Radith , Akhiriyanto Novan
Published: February 2023

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) memanfaatkan energi thermal yang terkandung dari dalam bumi untuk memutar sudu – sudu turbine sehingga dapat membangkitkan tenaga listrik. Saat ini PT. Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) mengoperasikan PLTP dengan kapasitas terpasang 1 X 60 MW untuk memikul beban jaringan interkoneksi Jawa – Madura – Bali (JAMALI). Supaya dapat membangkitkan tenaga listrik secara optimal, rugi – rugi panas pada saat menjalankan siklus harus serendah mungkin untuk mendapatkan efisiensi thermal yang tinggi. Peralatan instrumentasi yang digunakan sebagai alat ukur variabel proses harus terkalibrasi agar tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil analisis. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai efisiensi thermal PLTP Patuha sebesar 19,48%. Nilai destruksi eksergi terkecil terdapat pada perlengkapan cooling tower sebesar 410,23567 kW dengan efisiensi eksergi 97,78%. Nilai destruksi eksergi terbesar terdapat pada perlengkapan condenser sebesar 16.943,50177 kW dengan efisiensi eksergi 52,22% saat PLTP membangkitkan tenaga listrik sebesar 52.268,382 kW di bulan Desember 2021. Simulasi dilakukan pada cycle tempo untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan, suhu dan laju aliran massa terhadap kuantitas daya listrik yang dibangkitkan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa variasi laju aliran massa lebih berpengaruh secara signifikan dibanding variasi tekanan dan suhu terhadap kuantitas daya listrik yang dibangkitkan.
Legislation Status and Recommendations of Cyber Security Law in Korea
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Yu Insoo , Ryu Yeonseung , Han Joo-Hee , Cho Sung-Kyung , Shin Hye-Yung
Published: February 2023

With the continuous development of modern society and economy, the people in the new era have greater aspirations for a better life. Tourism has become a kind of people's spiritual pursuit for a better life. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standard and the change of consumption concept, the number of people who travel on ice and snow in winter and like ice and snow sports is increasing year by year.
Under such an opportunity, the development and utilization of snow and ice resources has been the focus of the central and local governments for many years. The rapid development of our ice and snow industry is supported by the policies of the central and local governments. However, behind the rapid development of ice and snow industry, there are a series of problems and deficiencies that need to be solved urgently.
The development of the snow and ice industry should be protected from several aspects--such as: the development and protection of snow and ice resources in accordance with the law, the establishment and improvement of laws and regulations for the development of the mass snow and ice industry, the clarification of the legal status of snow and ice resources, the improvement of the diversified dispute settlement mechanism, and the increase of citizen participation--so that the development and protection of snow and ice resources can achieve a win-win goal of economic and social benefits.
The Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreement:Lessons Learned from the Lone Star Case
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, MIN Hanbit
Published: February 2023

The award of the Lone Star case was, at last, dispatched to the Parties on August 31, 2022. As the Tribunal determined that the Tribunal had jurisdiction over claims allegedly occurred after the 2011 Korea-Belgium𐄁Luxembourg BIT became effective on March 27, 2011, the key issue was allegations of misconduct by the Financial Services Commission in the sale of the Korean Exchange Bank shares to the Hana financial group. The Tribunal concluded that the Financial Services Commission acted arbitrarily as it was motivated by political reasons and, therefore, had failed to provide Fair and Equitable Treatment under the 2011 Korea-Belgium𐄁Luxembourg BIT. In order to review the Lone Star case critically, this paper firstly analyzes international arbitration cases relating to Fair and Equitable Treatment, and then examines legal implications of the Lone Star case. On top of that, this paper reviews the ways to stipulate Fair and Equitable Treatment under International Investment Agreements based on legal implications derived from the Lone Star case.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Skill Bahasa Inggris melalui Kegiatan School Camp di SMA Sederajat Kecamatan Woha
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Ningsi Fitri , Zuriatin Zuriatin , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Sarnita Fitria
Published: February 2023

Permasalahan pada proses pembelajaran bahasa Ingris bukan hanya dijumpai pada penguasaan bahasa namun juga pada aplokasi dari setiap detail bahasa yang merupakan pengejewantahan dari Bahasa Inggris itu sendiri. hal tersebut dapt dilator belakangi oleh berbagai hal salah satunya adalah kurang maksimalanya evaluasi dan monitoring yang dilakukan oleh pengajar terhadap materi kebahasaan yang telah diajarkan. Karena Bahasa inggris adalah bahasa internasional yang harus diberi perhatian khusus terhadapa pemahaaman dan pengunaaannya, banyak Guru yang hanya menjelaskan penggunaaan namun tidak mengevaluasi pengguanaan dari masing-masing skill tersebut dalam hal aplikatif. Kegiatan Peletihan dan pengembangan skill tersebut akan menjadi langkah yang sangat strategis dalam penguatan skill bahasa inggris yang telah diajarkan didalam ruang kelas, kegiatan-kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler kebahahasaan akan menjadi solusi dari masalah tersebut, peserta didik yang ditatar dan dilatih dalam konsep penggunaan bahasa dalam kondisi yang telah disetting dalm konsep School Camp adalah solusi terbaik yang akan menjadi wadah pengembangan skill kebahasaan yang dimilki oleh peserta didik, Karen apeserta didik akan diarahkan pada realita penggunaan bahasa, mengaktifkan 4 skill bahasa inggris yang dimilki, dan digunakan secara aktif dalam kurun waktu pelaksanaan school camp tersebut, yang akan dihandle oleh para mentor untuk menguatkan skill-skill tersebut. disamping penguatan skill tersebut seluruh peserta didik yang tergabung dalam kegiatan school camp akan dapat memiliki skill yang mereka senangi sehingga proses school camp yang dilakukan akan lebih terarah. pola kegiatan school camp dilakukan secara berkala dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun, dan dilakukan secara berkala ditiap weekend sebagai bentuk evaluasi konsep yang telah ditanamkan oleh pengajar dalam ruang kelas. sehingga materi yang telah ditanamkan tersebut dalam dievaluasi dan ditibdaklajuti oleh para mentor dalm kegiatan school Camp.
The Early Impact of the People-centred Integrated Care on the Hypertension Management in Shenzhen
Authors: Liu Feiyan , Liu Fangchao , Lin Jinchun , Wang Jian , Chen Jichun , Li Jianxin , Huang Jianfeng , Hu Dongsheng , Lu Xiangfeng , Sun Xizhuo , Gu Dongfeng
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the integrated care in Luohu, China on the hypertension management.Methods: Hypertensive patients aged 35–74 years were recruited by the cluster-randomized sampling method from Luohu district which adopted integrated care and another district that remained original routine care during October 2018~January 2020, with 1353 and 583 patients from integrated and routine care communities, respectively. Health information, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards cardiovascular diseases, pharmaceutical expenditure on hypertension and its comorbidities, and healthcare-related satisfaction were collected by questionnaires, with the expenditure additionally verified by hospitals’ billing records database. Continuous and categorical variables were compared by Wilcoxon test and Chi-square test, respectively. The age-standardized hypertension control rate was calculated by direct standardization.Results: The standardized hypertension management rate in the integrated care communities (45.75%) was significantly higher than that in routine care communities (14.07%) (P < 0.0001), while the age-standardized hypertension control rates were similar (integrated care: 50.3%, routine care: 52.65%, P = 0.518). The pharmaceutical expenditure on hypertension and its comorbidities in the integrated care communities was Ұ264.23 ± 357.38/month/person, lower than that in the routine care communities (Ұ354.56 ± 430.59/month/person). Patients in the integrated care had higher KAP scores (73.48 ± 11.54), compared with routine care (68.89 ± 15.51) (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the integrated care communities had higher satisfaction rates towards the convenience of dual referral (90.15% vs. 77.99%) and service quality (95.18% vs. 87.81%) than routine care communities (P < 0.0001).Conclusion: The practice of the integrated care in Luohu has substantially improved the hypertension management and the healthcare-related satisfaction while with relatively low pharmaceutical expenditure. The investigation of long-term impact of the integrated care on hypertension control and management is warranted.
A Pedagogia da variação linguística no Estágio Supervisionado
Authors: Lima Fernanda Barboza de
Published: February 2023

Há pelo menos duas décadas, vivenciamos o esforço de inserir, no ambiente acadêmico, textos e discussões que ampliem o conhecimento do futuro professor de Língua Portuguesa sobre a diversidade linguística, movimento que deve contribuir para a ampliação da pedagogia da variação linguística no ambiente escolar. Com o intuito de colaborar com esse movimento e esforços, nosso trabalho buscou compreender quais as estratégias teórico-metodológicas que alunos estagiários do curso de Letras utilizam para ministrar aulas com o tema da variação linguística na fase de intervenção do Estágio Supervisionado. Para tanto, foram analisados 10 (dez) relatórios, produzidos na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado, na fase de intervenção. Os principais resultados apontam que os alunos estagiários utilizam-se de diversificados gêneros textuais para o trabalho com o tema da variação, optando por trabalhar questões sonoras (no plano intralinguístico) e por trabalhar questões geográficas (no plano externo à língua).

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pedagogia da variação linguística; Estágio Supervisionado; Relatórios de Estágio
Kreyòl ayisyen an rive nan inivèsite: pa vwa kèk moun, yon kri de anpil moun
Authors: Hanel Cerezoli Andréia Inês , Cordeiro Roselaine De Lima , Jean Marckenson
Published: February 2023

Desde o final do século XX, o termo decolonial e suas variantes morfológicas ocupam os debates acadêmicos. Como conceito científico, reúne diferentes percepções que convergem para o rompimento com os modelos eurocêntricos de sociedade, trabalho, ensino etc. Este trabalho pretende instituir-se como uma prática coerente com a perspectiva decolonial no ambiente universitário ao situar a participação dos discentes haitianos em projetos de extensão universitária. Os resultados revelam que a atuação dos alunos haitianos motiva a presença de outros haitianos seja nas manifestações nos comentários durante os eventos on-line, seja no incentivo à participação em outras atividades acadêmicas. Assim, há práticas decoloniais: (1) na valorização da língua crioula no título de um artigo científico; (2) no reconhecimento da extensão universitária como fazer científico e produção de conhecimento; e (3) na participação dos alunos haitianos como produtores de conhecimento.
Um olhar praxiológico sobre o ensino de línguas na educação superior, a partir de questões culturais, em um contexto pandêmico
Authors: Santos Elaine Maria
Published: February 2023

Durante o ensino remoto emergencial, decorrente da pandemia de Covid19, foram necessárias reorganizações nas metodologias e no conteúdo programático adotado tanto na educação básica quanto no ensino superior. Diante desse cenário, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados obtidos com uma disciplina teórica do curso de Letras Português-Inglês, destinada a discutir questões relacionadas à cultura e identidade. Foram destacados os percalços enfrentados em decorrência da pandemia e as necessidades de ajustes da ementa. Assim, ao utilizar os pressupostos da pesquisa-ação, foi possível analisar os dados coletados com um questionário e atividades assíncronas empregadas, de modo que, com as reflexões propostas, foi possível observar como, mesmo em um cenário educacional descrito como desmotivante, os(as) alunos(as) atestaram terem desenvolvido uma postura mais crítica reflexiva sobre essa temática, em busca de atitudes decoloniais, quando expostos(as) a contextos nos quais o norte global se coloca como detentor dos padrões a serem seguidos.
O ensino de literatura hispânica na educação básica sob a luz da decolonilidade e do letramento crítico
Authors: Gutiérrez Leal Cristina , De Souza Santo Camila , Figueiredo Freitas André
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho apresenta a análise de uma unidade didática para o ensino da leitura literária em espanhol, baseada no conto Shakira y La Mosca. A reflexão se alicerça na educação decolonial e pluricultural, no Letramento Crítico e educação do entorno. Essa é uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho descritivo, por descrever uma proposta de leitura cujos objetivos são: I) refletir sobre a formação de leitores críticos de literatura hispânica no ensino básico; II) Mobilizar práticas de educação decolonial a partir do ensino da leitura literária; III) Motivar o desenvolvimento da educação decolonial a partir da leitura crítica de textos literários. Com essa reflexão, esperamos contribuir com o desenvolvimento do senso crítico dos aprendizes de língua espanhola a partir de texto literários
Por práticas decoloniais no ensino da língua inglesa: atitudes e posturas outras com o uso das tecnologias digitais
Authors: Da Silva Cristiane Ribeiro Barbosa , Zenha Leonardo , Oliveira Miria Gomes de
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o ensino da Língua Inglesa (LI) e o uso das tecnologias digitais (TD) durante o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, a partir de uma perspectiva decolonialista. Para isso, adotamos perspectiva do pensamento decolonial como práxis, resistência, luta e insurgência. Para tanto, buscamos diálogos entre os estudos decoloniais, as contribuições entre os estudos decoloniais, as contribuições da Linguística Aplicada (LA) o pensamento freireano, tendo em vista apontar alternativas para o ERE no fazer/saber pedagógico, aliadas ao rompimento com práticas de dominação, exclusão, opressão e subalternização em nossas aula de LI.
A aprendizagem de língua espanhola: uma análise dos sentimentos em contextos de aula nos formatos presencial e on-line
Authors: Benck de Moraes Gisele , Rocha Silveira Mariane
Published: February 2023

Neste estudo, objetivamos analisar os sentimentos e as percepções de estudantes acerca da aquisição do idioma espanhol na modalidade presencial ou on-line. Integraram a pesquisa dez estudantes do curso de Letras de uma universidade privada. Como instrumento para coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário através do Google Forms, que continha cinco perguntas abertas sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de espanhol em época de pandemia. Para fins da pesquisa qualitativa, recorremos à análise de conteúdo, com a criação de categorias e subcategorias de análise. Os resultados demonstraram que a tecnologia pode e deve ser uma aliada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. Ademais, as conclusões apontaram que embora os participantes ainda prefiram as aulas presenciais, acreditam que a continuidade dos estudos é extremamente importante e que todos os esforços devem ser despendidos para que se alcance uma melhor aprendizagem, seja de forma presencial seja on-line.
Cajeme: dos tiempos, dos historias
Authors: Guerrero de la Llata Patricia del Carmen
Published: February 2023

Este artículo parte de la pregunta ¿de qué manera se configuran los textos que legitiman imaginarios sociales sobre los indígenas en diferentes épocas? El objetivo es mostrar los recursos discursivos y las significaciones imaginarias sociales que conforman el retrato de Cajeme en dos textos: la Biografía de José María Leyva –Cajeme–, escrita por Ramón Corral en 1887, y Cajeme. Novela de indios, por Armando Chávez en 1948. Se hace un análisis hermenéutico apoyado en ideas de Ricoeur, Gadamer, Koselleck, y White quienes se han interesado en la estrecha relación que existe entre los discursos históricos, filosóficos y literarios y centran su atención en el uso de la narrativa para su exposición. El artículo afirma que tanto el discurso histórico como el literario están incrustados en actos, acontecimientos y estructuras sociales.
Hegel contra Hegel. La Revolución haitiana y la crítica del colonialismo
Authors: Narváez León Ángelo
Published: February 2023

En este artículo analizaremos la relación de Hegel con la Revolución haitiana y su lugar en el contexto narrativo de la filosofía de la historia mundial. Para esto nos enfocaremos en las nociones de coherencia, consistencia, validez y representatividad como criterios lógicos e históricos para analizar la ambigüedad de la filosofía hegeliana y su pretensión explícita de universalidad. Para ello, el artículo aborda la conceptualización hegeliana de la economía política –como marco general de su análisis del colonialismo– y propone un panorama de la recepción de la Revolución haitiana en la escena intelectual alemana de comienzos del siglo XIX, con el fin de exponer los repliegues lógicos que dicha revolución supone para la filosofía hegeliana de la historia mundial.
La justificación de la ética del discurso de Habermas: entre lógica e historia
Authors: Martínez David
Published: February 2023

Jürgen Habermas elabora una filosofía moral vinculada con la tradición kantiana, dicha herencia se relaciona con las características de su punto de vista moral desde una postura formalista, cognitivista, universalista y procedimental. En términos de la fundamentación del principio moral, Habermas señala que este depende de una estrategia de derivación lógica a partir de dos premisas: una idea débil de justificación normativa y las reglas del discurso racional. Sin embargo, él nunca desarrolló esta derivación, sosteniendo que la fundamentación de su posición se basa en un argumento histórico. Este componente señala que los sujetos modernos tienen un compromiso en resolver sus conflictos por medio de la deliberación, por ende, surge la pregunta sobre si la incorporación de este argumento no supone un abandono de Kant, quien buscaba fundamentar la moral más allá de lo contingente e histórico. Este artículo sostiene que en la doctrina del “hecho de la razón” Kant elabora un argumento similar al punto de vista habermasiano. Además, propone que, a pesar del carácter histórico de la justificación del principio moral, este en la noción kantiana de autonomía. La unión de estos dos argumentos permite concluir que Habermas no abandona a Kant como sostienen algunos de sus comentadores.
Rezension von: Seidel, Hans-Joachim, Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Authors: Schreiner Kurt , Seidel Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2023

Hans-Joachim Seidel: Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen. Stadterneuerer, preußischer General, verlassener Ehemann, Schuldenmacher. Ulm (Klemm & Oelschläger) 2018. 266 S., zahlr. Abb.
Rezension von: Geschichtswerkstatt Bad Mergentheim (Hrsg.), 54 Lebensbilder aus der Zeit von 1809 bis 1914
Authors: Göpfert Eberhard , Geschichtswerkstatt Bad Mergentheim
Published: February 2023

Geschichten aus Bad Mergentheim Band 3. 54 Lebensbilder aus der Zeit von 1809 bis 1914. Herausgeber: Geschichtswerkstatt Bad Mergentheim e.V., Gesamtherstellung: druckPunkt-Layout-Digitaldruck GmbH, ohne Seitenangabe, Abb.
Rezension von: Beuckers, Klaus Gereon (Hrsg.), Kloster Großcomburg
Authors: Göpfert Eberhard , Beuckers Klaus Gereon
Published: February 2023

Kloster Großcomburg. Neue Forschungen. Hg. von Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg und Klaus Gereon Beuckers unter Mitarbeit von Sören Groß. Regensburg (Schnell und Steiner) 2019. 472 S., 239 Abb., 8 Planbeilagen
Rezension von: Fröhner, Ulrich, Mistlauer Dorfgeschichten
Authors: Fritz Gerhard , Fröhner Ulrich
Published: February 2023

Ulrich Fröhner: Mistlauer Dorfgeschichten. Hg. vom Museums- und Kulturverein Kirchberg an der Jagst. Crailsheim (Baier) 2019. 345 S.
Rezension von: Fauth, Dieter, Juden aus Zell a. Main im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Bittel Christoph , Fauth Dieter
Published: February 2023

Dieter Fauth: Juden aus Zell a. Main im Nationalsozialismus. Eine Gedenkschrift. Zell a. Main (Verlag Religion & Kultur) 2019. 178 S., 32 Abb.
Rezension von: Brandl, Andrea (Hrsg.), Schweinfurt und seine Gartenstadt ...
Authors: Voit Thomas , Brandl Andrea
Published: February 2023

Andrea Brandl (Hg.): Schweinfurt und seine Gartenstadt – Made in Schweinfurt XVI (Schweinfurter Museumsschriften 224 / 2017). Schweinfurt (Weppert) 2017. Begleitbroschüre zur Ausstellung im Bunker Blaue Leite vom 30. Juni bis 10. Sept. 2017, bearbeitet von Daniela Kühnel M.A., Rödelsee. Zugleich (gewendet) 43 S., zahlr. teils farbige Abb.
Bauverein Schweinfurt eG (Hg.): Wohnen im Wandel – 100 Jahre Bauverein Schweinfurt. Schweinfurt (Weppert) 2017. Begleitbroschüre zur Ausstellung im Haus Georg-Groha-Str. 25 vom 05. Mai bis 30. Sept. 2017, bearb. von Daniela Kühnel M.A., Rödelsee. 41 S., zahlr. teils farbige Abb.
Massive pleural effusion post-emergency cesarean in undiagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Liana Roslan Nurul , Nikkie Lim , Abd. Wahab Mahathar
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Bochdalek’s hernia is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) resulting from inadequate closure of the membrane over the left side of the hemidiaphragm. Patients will start to develop symptoms upon displacement of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. This case report highlights the radiological modality findings that can be used in diagnosing a late-presentation CDH in adults.

Case Report: A 35-year-old postpartum woman developed shortness of breath, left-sided chest pain, episodes of vomiting and epigastric tenderness within 24 hours post-emergency cesarean section. An initial diagnosis of left tension hydrothorax was made based on the clinical and radiological findings. Left diagnostic and therapeutic thoracocentesis using landmark technique was performed and brownish fluid was obtained upon aspiration. Post-procedural chest X-ray (CXR) reported cystic-like features over the left hemithorax. Therefore, computed tomography (CT) thorax was proceeded and confirmed the left diaphragmatic hernia with a mediastinal shift to the right. However, the patient’s condition worsened and required emergency open thoracotomy with left diaphragmatic hernia repair. Intraoperative findings showed left Bochdalek’s hernia complicated by multiple visceral organ perforations secondary to previous thoracocentesis. The patient was discharged well after a few weeks of hospital stays.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of late-presentation Bochdalek’s diaphragmatic hernia remained challenging and can be easily missed. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation is required prior to performing an invasive diagnostic procedure. Chest X-ray and ultrasound are useful diagnostic aid in the absence of CT thorax and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities.
A Comparison Between an NAIA and an NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Teams' Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Knowledge Sources, and Dietary Habits (HWCC)
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Cervantes Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The nutritional needs of college athletes differ from their non-athlete counterparts. Sufficient consumption of nutrients among this population is dependent on a variety of factors, including nutrition knowledge and access to nutrition information resources. Financially, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) schools are at a disadvantage compared to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I schools. This may potentially give NCAA Division I athletes access to more reliable nutrition education sources, while placing NAIA college athletes at a nutritional disadvantage.
Methods:  This research study investigated the relationship(s) between female soccer players’ (n=16) nutrition knowledge sources, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits. This study also assessed the differences in the nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of NCAA Division I athletes and NAIA athletes. Data was collected using an online survey.
Results: Descriptive statistics indicate that nutrition knowledge was poor among all study participants. Inferential analyses indicate that there is not a significant difference in nutrition knowledge scores using division as a grouping variable (p = 0.312). Similarly, there was not a significant difference in dietary quality scores using division as a grouping variable (p = 0.336). 
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that collegiate female soccer players may lack nutrition knowledge, regardless of the division in which they participate.  Because of the importance of adequate nutrition in college athletes, this area would benefit from additional research.