bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions: the role of renewable energy and R&D
Authors: Balli Erdinc , Cengiz Orhan , Koca Balli Ayse Ipek , Akar Basak Gul
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between tourism development, renewable energy consumption (REN), research and development (R&D) expenditure, and CO2 emissions in 12 emerging markets and middle-income Europe spanning 1999–2020. We applied the panel autoregressive distributed lag and the Driscoll–Kraay estimator to determine the relationship between variables. According to both estimators’ results, a U-shaped relationship exists between economic growth and CO2 emissions. This result indicates that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is invalid in these countries. Furthermore, REN and R&D contribute to decreasing CO2 emissions and stimulating sustainable development. However, the impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions is found to be negative in panel autoregressive distributed lag but positive in the Driscoll and Kraay estimator for fixed and random effects. Moreover, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test reveals a two-way causal relationship between R&D and CO2 emissions and a one-way causal linkage running from economic growth, the square of economic growth, and tourist arrival to CO2 emissions. Overall, our results prove the existence of a relationship between international tourism and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, our results suggest some policy recommendations for policymakers to reduce CO2 emissions through REN, R&D, green economic development, and establishing an ecologically friendly tourism policy.
Discriminating Stellera chamaejasme in alpine grasslands using UAV hyperspectral imagery and multivariate analysis
Authors: Wang Huaiyu , Liu Yongmei , Ge Xinghua , Dong Xingzhi , Long Yongqing , Wang Lei
Published: October 2023

Stellera chamaejasme is highly invasive and causes a significant threat to alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is important to determine its distribution pattern in order to stem the rapid invasion of this toxic weed. In the present study, strategies for mapping S. chamaejasme based on UAV Resonon hyperspectral imaging were assessed in combination with dimension reduction, clustering and ordination analysis, and spectral separability measurement. Field spectrometry analysis showed that the hierarchical procedure of Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test, CART and JM distance can efficiently select the minimum optimal wavelengths for S. chamaejasme discrimination and considerably reduce the dimensions of hyperspectral imagery. DCA and RDA ordination revealed that S. chamaejasme identification at the species level is difficult even using hyperspectral feature bands. The reaggregating of TWINSPAN ecological communities based on the criterion of JM distance > 1.9 can result in spectrally delineated S. chamaejasme communities and the co-existing species community. Applying three algorithms of MLC, RF, and SVM, the performance of S. chamaejasme classification based on JM-TWINSPAN schemes was significantly improved compared to that based on TWINSPAN schemes. Of these, RF and JM-TWINSPAN achieved the best classification result (OA = 91.00%, Kappa = 0.83, AD = 14.0%, and QD = 1.2%). The result indicates that the promising accuracy can be achieved in accurate mapping of S. chamaejasme by a multivariate approach, which combines ecological analysis and separability measurement with image classification.
Potential fitness consequences of roosting spatiotemporal selection in an endangered endemic damselfly: conservation implications
Authors: Mahdjoub Hayat , Zebsa Rabah , Amari Hichem , Bensouilah Soufyane , Zouaimia Abdelheq , Youcefi Abdeldjalil , Khelifa Rassim
Published: October 2023

Understanding habitat requirements of species of conservation concern is central for their conservation and management. Although much of the research attention has been focused on reproductive sites, the understanding of roosting behavior and microhabitat selection, and their potential fitness consequences is also crucial. Here, we assess the roosting behavior of an endangered endemic damselflyCalopteryx exulSelys in a lotic habitat of Northeast Algeria. Based on marked individuals, we specifically investigated their vertical and horizontal distribution at roosting sites, as well as the timing of roosting and its correlation with lifespan (as a measure of fitness). We found that individuals were philopatric to roosting sites and less so to vertical stratification. Roosting sites were used for both foraging and roosting. Individuals that occupied lower strata in roosting sites had longer lifespans and ceased roosting earlier. Average temperature of the day affected the timing of roosting such that on warm days roosting started later and ended earlier. Individuals with longer lifespans roosted earlier, suggesting potential scramble competition for roosting sites. Our results suggest thatC. exulindividuals show variability in the vertical and horizontal location as well as the timing of roosting, and these choices potentially have fitness consequences. This study highlights the importance of bank vegetation as roosting sites for lotic insects, and emphasizes the benefits of protecting these sites and including them as integral parts of the conservation plans of species.
An ensemble learning approach for diabetes prediction using boosting techniques
Authors: Ganie Shahid Mohammad , Pramanik Pijush Kanti Dutta , Bashir Malik Majid , Mallik Saurav , Qin Hong
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Diabetes is considered one of the leading healthcare concerns affecting millions worldwide. Taking appropriate action at the earliest stages of the disease depends on early diabetes prediction and identification. To support healthcare providers for better diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, machine learning has been explored in the healthcare industry in recent years.

Methods: To predict diabetes, this research has conducted experiments on five boosting algorithms on the Pima diabetes dataset. The dataset was obtained from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository, which contains several important clinical features. Exploratory data analysis was used to identify the characteristics of the dataset. Moreover, upsampling, normalisation, feature selection, and hyperparameter tuning were employed for predictive analytics.

Results: The results were analysed using various statistical/machine learning metrics and k-fold cross-validation techniques. Gradient boosting achieved the greatest accuracy rate of 92.85% among all the classifiers. Precision, recall, f1-score, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to further validate the model.

Discussion: The suggested model outperformed the current studies in terms of prediction accuracy, demonstrating its applicability to other diseases with similar predicate indications.
Active tuberculosis patients have high systemic IgG levels and B-cell fingerprinting, characterized by a reduced capacity to produce IFN-γ or IL-10 as a response to M.tb antigens
Authors: Flores-Gonzalez Julio , Urbán-Solano Alexia , Ramón-Luing Lucero A. , Cancino-Diaz Juan Carlos , Contreras-Rodriguez Araceli , Curiel-Quesada Everardo , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , Chavez-Galan Leslie
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). B cells are the central mediator of the humoral response; they are responsible for producing antibodies in addition to mediating other functions. The role of the cellular response during the TB spectrum by B cells is still controversial.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the distribution of the circulating B cell subsets in patients with active and latent TB (ATB and LTB, respectively) and how they respond to stimuli of protein or lipid from M.tb.

Results

Here, we show that ATB patients show an immune fingerprinting. However, patients with drug-sensitive- (DS-TB) or drug-resistant- (DR-TB) TB have altered frequencies of circulating B cells. DS-TB and DR-TB display a unique profile characterized by high systemic levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IgG, IgG/IgM ratio, and total B cells. Moreover, B cells from DR-TB are less efficient in producing IL-10, and both DS-TB and DR-TB produce less IFN-γ in response to M.tb antigens.

Conclusion

These results provide new insights into the population dynamics of the cellular immune response by B cells against M.tb and suggest a fingerprinting to characterize the B-cell response on DR-TB.
A comprehensive overview of psoriatic research over the past 20 years: machine learning-based bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Huang Yingzhao , Yan Wei , Jiang Xian
Published: October 2023

Background

The surge in the number of publications on psoriasis has posed significant challenges for researchers in effectively managing the vast amount of information. However, due to the lack of tools to process metadata, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been conducted.

Objectives

This study is to evaluate the trends and current hotspots of psoriatic research from a macroscopic perspective through a bibliometric analysis assisted by machine learning based semantic analysis.

Methods

Publications indexed under the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term “Psoriasis” from 2003 to 2022 were extracted from PubMed. The generative statistical algorithm latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was applied to identify specific topics and trends based on abstracts. The unsupervised Louvain algorithm was used to establish a network identifying relationships between topics.

Results

A total of 28,178 publications were identified. The publications were derived from 176 countries, with United States, China, and Italy being the top three countries. For the term “psoriasis”, 9,183 MeSH terms appeared 337,545 times. Among them, MeSH term “Severity of illness index”, “Treatment outcome”, “Dermatologic agents” occur most frequently. A total of 21,928 publications were included in LDA algorithm, which identified three main areas and 50 branched topics, with “Molecular pathogenesis”, “Clinical trials”, and “Skin inflammation” being the most increased topics. LDA networks identified “Skin inflammation” was tightly associated with “Molecular pathogenesis” and “Biological agents”. “Nail psoriasis” and “Epidemiological study” have presented as new research hotspots, and attention on topics of comorbidities, including “Cardiovascular comorbidities”, “Psoriatic arthritis”, “Obesity” and “Psychological disorders” have increased gradually.

Conclusions

Research on psoriasis is flourishing, with molecular pathogenesis, skin inflammation, and clinical trials being the current hotspots. The strong association between skin inflammation and biologic agents indicated the effective translation between basic research and clinical application in psoriasis. Besides, nail psoriasis, epidemiological study and comorbidities of psoriasis also draw increased attention.
Functional epitopes and neutralizing antibodies of vaccinia virus
Authors: Peng Fenghao , Hu Naijing , Liu Yingjun , Xing Cong , Luo Longlong , Li Xinying , Wang Jing , Chen Guojiang , Xiao He , Liu Chenghua , Shen Beifen , Feng Jiannan , Qiao Chunxia
Published: October 2023

Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, and it has a high mortality rate. Historically it has broken out in many countries and it was a great threat to human health. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, and Many countries stopped nation-wide smallpox vaccinations at that time. In recent years the potential threat of bioterrorism using smallpox has led to resumed research on the treatment and prevention of smallpox. Effective ways of preventing and treating smallpox infection have been reported, including vaccination, chemical drugs, neutralizing antibodies, and clinical symptomatic therapies. Antibody treatments include anti-sera, murine monoclonal antibodies, and engineered humanized or human antibodies. Engineered antibodies are homologous, safe, and effective. The development of humanized and genetically engineered antibodies against variola virus via molecular biology and bioinformatics is therefore a potentially fruitful prospect with respect to field application. Natural smallpox virus is inaccessible, therefore most research about prevention and/or treatment of smallpox were done using vaccinia virus, which is much safer and highly homologous to smallpox. Herein we summarize vaccinia virus epitope information reported to date, and discuss neutralizing antibodies with potential value for field application.
Cascade dams altered taxonomic and functional composition of bacterioplankton community at the regional scale
Authors: Jiang Xufei , Liu Yan , Zhou Rixiu , Sun Tianyi , Cao Jingdan , An Shuqing , Shen Jiachen , Leng Xin
Published: October 2023

Dams are increasingly disrupting natural river systems, yet studies investigating their impact on microbial communities at regional scale are limited. Given the indispensable role of bacterioplankton in aquatic ecosystems, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to explore how these communities respond to dam-influenced environmental changes at the regional scale in the Shaying River Basin. Our findings revealed that cascade dams create distinct environments, shaping bacterioplankton communities near the dams differently from those in natural rivers. In the upstream of the cascade dams, water quality was superior, while bacterioplankton community structure was simple with weak community interactions. In the midstream, nutrient and heavy metal content were increased, making bacterioplankton structures more susceptible to environmental changes. In the downstream of the cascade dams, water quality had a significant impact on the community and the bacterioplankton structures were highly complex. Additionally, environmental variables significantly influenced bacterioplankton functional groups. However, the response to these factors, as well as the interplay between functional and taxonomic diversity, varied markedly depending on the specific region of the cascade dams. We here delved into the effects of cascade dams on the taxonomic diversity and functional groups of bacterioplankton to provide a theoretical basis for segmentally regulating these dams.
A multifaceted assessment of strigolactone GR24 and its derivatives: from anticancer and antidiabetic activities to antioxidant capacity and beyond
Authors: Pyrzanowska-Banasiak Agata , Boyunegmez Tumer Tugba , Bukowska Bożena , Krokosz Anita
Published: October 2023

Background: Strigolactones are signaling molecules produced by plants, the main functions are the intracorporeal control of plant development and plant growth. GR24 strigolactone is one of the synthetic strigolactones and due to its universality and easy availability, it is a standard and model compound for research on the properties and role of strigolactones in human health.

Purpose: In this research work, the impact of mainly GR24 strigolactone on the human body and the role of this strigol-type lactone in many processes that take place within the human body are reviewed.

Study design: The article is a review of publications on the use of GR24 strigolactone in studies from 2010–2023. Publications were searched using PubMed, Elsevier, Frontiers, and Springer databases. The Google Scholar search engine was also used. For the review original research papers and reviews related to the presented topic were selected.

Results: The promising properties of GR24 and other strigolactone analogs in anti-cancer therapy are presented. Tumor development is associated with increased angiogenesis. Strigolactones have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis, which may enhance the anticancer effect of these γ-lactones. Furthermore, it has been shown that strigolactones have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. There are also a few reports which show that the strigolactone analog may have antimicrobial and antiviral activity against human pathogens.

Conclusion: When all of this is considered, strigolactones are molecules whose versatile action is their undeniable advantage. The development of research on these phytohormones makes it possible to discover their new, unique properties and surprising biological activities in relation to many mammalian cells.
Similarities and differences regarding acute anorexia nervosa and semi-starvation: does behavioral thermoregulation play a central role?
Authors: Smith Lucille Lakier
Published: October 2023

Objective

To clarify the association between acute anorexia nervosa (AN) and semi-starvation (SS) by focusing on similarities and differences in physiology, mood, and behavior.

Method

A comparison of published literature between these two groups.

Results

Both groups show similar hormonal and metabolic changes in response to caloric restriction and extreme weight loss (~25%). Associated changes result in a reduced body temperature (Tcore-low). Maintenance of body temperature within a specific range is crucial to survival. However, both groups cannot activate autonomic strategies to maintain their Tcore-low, such as increasing metabolic rate, constricting skin blood vessels, or shivering. Furthermore, Tcore-low increases the individuals’ “coldness sensations” throughout the body, hence the frequent reports from ANs and SSs of “feeling cold.” To eliminate these uncomfortable “coldness sensations” and, importantly, to maintain Tcore-low, ANs, and SSs “select” different thermoregulatory behavioral strategies. It is proposed that the primary differences between AN and SS, based on genetics, now manifest due to the “selection” of different thermo-regulatory behaviors. AN patients (ANs) “select” hyperactive behavior (HyAc), which increases internal metabolic heat and thus assists with maintaining Tcore-low; in harmony with hyperactive behavior is a lively mood. Also related to this elevated arousal pattern, ANs experience disrupted sleep. In contrast, SS individuals “select” a passive thermo-behavioral strategy, “shallow torpor,” which includes reduced activity, resulting in energy conservation. In addition, this inactivity aids in the retention of generated metabolic heat. Corresponding to this lethargic behavior, SS individuals display a listless mood and increased sleep.

Conclusion

Initial similarities between the two are attributable to physiological changes related to extreme weight loss. Differences are most likely attributable to genetically programmed “selection” of alternate thermoregulatory strategies, primarily to maintain Tcore-low. However, if acute AN is prolonged and evolves into a chronic condition, AN will more closely align with starvation and more precisely reflect SS symptomology.
Association analysis of the gut microbiota in predicting outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke and H-type hypertension
Authors: Yu Shicheng , Chen Jiaxin , Zhao Yiting , Liao Xiaolan , Chen Qionglei , Xie Huijia , Liu Jiaming , Sun Jing , Zhi Shaoce
Published: October 2023

Introduction

H-type hypertension (HHTN) is a subtype of hypertension that tends to worsen the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in both hypertension and AIS, but there is little available data on the relationship between gut microbiota and the progression of AIS patients with HHTN. In this study, we investigated the microbial signature of AIS patients with HHTN and identified characteristic bacteria as biomarkers for predicting prognosis.

Methods

AIS patients with HHTN (n = 150) and without HHTN (n = 50) were enrolled. All patients received a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessment at 3 months after discharge. Fecal samples were collected from the participants upon admission, including 150 AIS patients with HHTN, 50 AIS patients with non-HHTN, and 90 healthy subjects with HHTN. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the bacterial taxa, predict functions, and conduct correlation analysis between specific taxa and clinical features.

Results

Our results showed that the composition of the gut microbiota in HHTN patients differed significantly from that in non-HHTN patients. The abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella in AIS patients with HHTN was significantly increased compared to AIS patients without HHTN, while the genus Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Klebsiella were significantly decreased. Moreover, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Klebsiella in AIS patients with HHTN were more abundant than healthy subjects with HHTN, while Escherichia-Shigella, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium were less abundant. Moreover, the genera Butyricicoccus, Rothia, and Family_XIII_UCG-001 were negatively connected with the NIHSS score, and the genera Butyricicoccus and Rothia were observed to be negatively associated with the mRS score. The genera Butyricicoccus, Romboutsia, and Terrisporobacter were associated with a poor prognosis, whereas the increase in Butyricimonas and Odoribacter was correlated with good outcomes. Generated by eight genera and clinical indexes, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve achieved 0.739 to effectively predict the prognosis of AIS patients with HHTN.

Conclusion

These findings revealed the microbial signature of AIS patients with HHTN and further provided potential microbial biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of AIS patients with HHTN.
Childhood cerebral visual impairment subtype classification based on an extensive versus a limited test battery
Authors: Philip Jannet , Huurneman Bianca , Jansonius Nomdo M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Boonstra Frouke N.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To classify CVI subtypes and compare the added value of an extensive test battery over a limited test battery in subtype classification of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children.

Methods

Seventy-five children with a clinical diagnosis of CVI (median [IQR] age: 9 [7–12] years) were identified from the medical records. The extensive test battery included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, ocular alignment, eye movement analysis, visual field analysis, optic nerve head evaluation, and evaluation of visual perception. The limited test battery included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, ocular alignment, and evaluation of visual perception. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis was done, for both test batteries separately, to determine the optimum subtype classification for CVI.

Results

Fifty-one participants with an extensive test battery with mild to moderate visual impairment were included in the main analysis. This resulted in four CVI subtypes for the extensive test battery (subtle characteristics, higher-level visual function deficits, lower-level visual function deficits, and higher- and lower- level visual function deficits) and three CVI subtypes for the limited test battery (subtle characteristics, higher-level visual function deficits, and higher- and lower- level visual function deficits). There were significant differences between the subtypes for 9 out of 10 measures of the extensive and all 4 measures of the limited test battery (p < 0.05). The subtle characteristics subtype (extensive n = 19, limited n = 15) showed near normal lower and higher-level visual functions in both test batteries. The higher-level visual function deficits subtype (extensive n = 18, limited n = 24) showed near normal visual acuity combined with significant visual perceptual deficits in both test batteries; accompanied by visual pathways defects and abnormal eye movement behavior in the extensive test battery. The higher- and lower- level visual function deficits subtype (extensive n = 4, limited n = 12) showed both higher and lower-level visual function deficits in both test batteries, but application of the extensive test battery revealed additional visual pathways defects and abnormal eye movement behavior. The lower-level visual function deficits CVI subtype (extensive n = 10) was a new subtype identified by the extensive test battery. This subtype showed lower-level visual function deficits together with abnormal eye movement measures.

Conclusion

This data-driven study has provided meaningful CVI subtype classifications based on the outcomes of various key functional and structural measures in CVI diagnosis. Comparison of the extensive test battery to the limited test battery revealed the added value of an extensive test battery in classifying CVI. The outcomes of this study, therefore, have provided a new direction in the area of CVI classification.
ADAR1 suppression causes interferon signaling and transposable element transcript accumulation in human astrocytes
Authors: McEntee Cali M. , Cavalier Alyssa N. , LaRocca Thomas J.
Published: October 2023

Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism of brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the exact causes of age- and AD-related neuroinflammation are incompletely understood. One potential modulator of neuroinflammation is the enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), which regulates the accumulation of endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a pro-inflammatory/innate immune activator. However, the role of ADAR1 and its transcriptomic targets in astrocytes, key mediators of neuroinflammation, have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we knock down ADAR1 in primary human astrocytes via siRNA transfection and use transcriptomics (RNA-seq) to show that this results in: (1) increased expression of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and (2) an accumulation of transposable element (TE) transcripts with the potential to form dsRNA. We also show that our findings may be clinically relevant, as ADAR1 gene expression declines with brain aging and AD in humans, and this is associated with a similar increase in TE transcripts. Together, our results suggest an important role for ADAR1 in preventing pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes in response to endogenous dsRNA with aging and AD.
Chemokine receptor CXCR2 in primary sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion mediates orofacial itch
Authors: Li Dong-Jin , Zhong Zhen-Juan , Wang Xiao-Liang , Wei Na , Zhao Si-Jia , Shan Ting-Ting , Liu Ya-Ping , Yu Yao-Qing
Published: October 2023

The CXCR2 chemokine receptor is known to have a significant impact on the initiation and control of inflammatory processes. However, its specific involvement in the sensation of itch is not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of CXCR2 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) by utilizing orofacial itch models induced by incision, chloroquine (CQ), and histamine. Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of CXCR2 mRNA and protein expressions in the primary sensory neurons of TG in response to itch stimuli. The CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 resulted in notable decrease in CXCR2 protein expression and reduction in scratch behaviors. Distal infraorbital nerve (DION) microinjection of a specific shRNA virus inhibited CXCR2 expression in TG neurons and reversed itch behaviors. Additionally, the administration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in a decrease in the expressions of p-Akt, Akt, and CXCR2 in TG neurons, thereby mitigating pruritic behaviors. Collectively, we report that CXCR2 in the primary sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion contributes to orofacial itch through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These observations highlight the potential of molecules involved in the regulation of CXCR2 as viable therapeutic targets for the treatment of itch.
Dosimetric parameters and safety analysis of 3D-printing non-coplanar template-assisted interstitial brachytherapy for non-centrally recurrent cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Cong , Cheng Yan , Song Yadong , Lei Jia , Li Yiqian , Li Xia , Shi Huirong
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The prognosis of patients with non-central recurrent cervical cancer (NRCC) remains poor, and treatment options are limited. We aimed to explore the accuracy and safety of the 3D-printed non-coplanar template (3D-PNCT)-assisted 192Ir interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) in the treatment of NRCC.

Material and methods

A total of 36 patients with NRCC who received 3D-PNCT-guided 192Ir ISBT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to July 2022 were included in this study. There were 36 3D-PNCTs that were designed and printed. The prescribed dose was 30–36 Gy, divided into five to six times, once a week. To evaluate whether the actual parameters were consistent with the preoperative design, the dosimetric parameters of pre- and postoperative treatment plans were compared, including dose of 90% high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV D90), volume percentage of 100% and 150% prescribed dose V100% and V150%, homogeneity index (HI), conformal index (CI), external index (EI), and dose received by 2 cm3 (D2cm3) of the rectum, colon, bladder, and ileum. The safety parameters including occurrence of bleeding, infection, pain, radiation enteritis, and radiation cystitis within 3 months after operation were recorded.

Results

All patients successfully completed the treatment and achieved the goals of the preoperative plan. There was no significant difference in the accuracy (HRCTVD90, V100%, EI, CI, and HI) and safety (D2cm3 of rectum, colon, bladder, and ileum) parameters of the postoperative plan compared with the preoperative plan (all p>0.05). Major side effects included bleeding at the puncture site (13.9%), postoperative pain (8.3%), acute radiation cystitis (13.9%), and radiation enteritis (19.4%). There were no serious perioperative complications and no grade 3–4 acute radiotherapy side effects.

Conclusion

3D-PNCT-assisted 192Ir ISBT can be accurately and safely applied in the treatment of patients with NRCC.
Late onset toxicities associated with the use of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer patients: a multidisciplinary, pan-EU position paper regarding their optimal management. The GIOCONDA project
Authors: Cazzaniga Marina Elena , Ciaccio Antonio , Danesi Romano , Duhoux Francois P. , Girmenia Corrado , Zaman Kalhil , Lindman Henrik , Luppi Fabrizio , Mavroudis Dimitrios , Paris Ida , Olubukola Ayodele , Samreen Ahmed , Schem Christian , Singer Christian , Snegovoy Anton
Published: October 2023

The personalization of therapies in breast cancer has favoured the introduction of new molecular-targeted therapies into clinical practice. Among them, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have acquired increasing importance, with the approval in recent years of palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy. Currently, no guidelines are available to monitor and manage potential long-term toxicities associated with the use of these drugs. A multidisciplinary panel of European oncologists, was supported by a pharmacologist, a hematologist, a hepatologist and a pulmonologist to discuss the management of long-term toxicities, based on the literature review and their clinical experience. The panel provided detailed roadmaps to manage long-term toxicities associated with the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in clinical practice. Knowing the frequency and characteristics of the toxicity profile associated with each CDK4/6 inhibitor is important in the decision-making process to match the right drug to the right patient.
An exploratory study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward HPV associated anal cancer among Pakistani population
Authors: Awan Usman Ayub , Naeem Wajiha , Khattak Aamer Ali , Mahmood Tahir , Kamran Shehrish , Khan Suliman , Guo Xingyi , Yongjing Zhao , Liu Jianbo , Nasir Abdul
Published: October 2023

Background

Anal cancer, mainly attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is rising in prevalence among the general population in Pakistan. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards anal cancer screening and HPV of the general population in Pakistan.

Method

We surveyed anal cancer KAP using social media and snowball sampling from December 2022 to May 2023. The questionnaire had 16 knowledge, 12 attitudes, 6 practice questions, and socio-demographic variables. We applied validity criteria for inclusion and exclusion and used cutoffs ≥50% for each KAP category. We analyzed data in R with Guttman’s λ2 for reliability, did univariate and bivariate analysis, and reported frequencies, percentages, p-values, coefficients, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

We surveyed 1620 people and discovered low awareness of HPV and anal cancer causes prevention, and screening (11%-24%), high stigma and embarrassment for screening (54%-70%), strong moral beliefs (89%), condom nonuse (91%), and low engagement in health services and programs (9.1%-14%). Knowledge (75.23%, OR = 1.0984, p = 0.05) was shaped by socio-demographic factors, attitude, and practice, with higher education enhancing knowledge (OR = 1.0984, p = 0.05). Attitude (78.45%, OR = 6.6052, p< 0.001) was influenced by socio-demographic factors, practice, and knowledge as well. Younger females, single, unemployed, students, living with more family members, earning more income, and residing in Islamabad had a more positive attitude (ORs from 1.0115 to 6.6052, p< 0.05), while religion did not affect attitude (p = 0.51). Practice (9.16%, OR = 0.1820, p< 0.001) was determined by socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and attitude. Older males, employed teachers, living with more family members, earning less income, and residing in Islamabad had better practice (ORs from 0.1323 to 3.8431, p< 0.05), but marital status and religion did not influence practice (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Pakistani young adults need more education, awareness, health services, and programs on HPV and anal cancer, as they have low awareness, high stigma, and socio-cultural challenges. In addition, it is recommended for more research and policy initiatives are needed to address socio-cultural factors and increase anal Pap to overcome anal cancer.
Dynamics of abdominal symptoms during the start of a new therapy with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor using the novel CFAbd-day2day questionnaire
Authors: Mainz Jochen G. , Barucha Anton , Huang Pu , Bechinger Lilith , Duckstein Franziska , Polte Louise , Sadrieh Pauline , Nährlich Lutz , Eickmeier Olaf , Van Dullemen Suzanne , Eschenhagen Patience , Schwarz Carsten , Lüth Stefan , Zagoya Carlos , Graepler-Mainka Ute
Published: October 2023

Background: Elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor (ETI) is a novel, highly effective CFTR modulator combination proven to enhance lung function and body weight in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) carrying a F508del mutation. Recently, we revealed significant reductions in abdominal symptoms (AS) in German, British, and Irish pwCF after 24–26 weeks of ETI using the CFAbd-Score, the first patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) specifically developed and validated for pwCF following FDA guidelines. Notably, many pwCF reported marked changes in their AS during the first days of the new treatment. To capture these immediate effects, we developed the CFAbd-day2day, a CF-specific GI-diary, following FDA and COSMIN guidelines.

Aim: To prospectively capture the immediate dynamics of AS using the CFAbd-day2day 14 days before and 14–28 days after ETI initiation. In addition, we aim to provide validation steps of the novel PROM concerning sensitivity to changes.

Methods: To develop the CFAbd-day2day, focus groups (community voice = pwCF and their proxies and CF specialists from different fields) were repeatedly consulted. Before and during the new ETI therapy, pwCF prospectively scored AS on a daily basis with the CFAbd-day2day.

Results: Altogether, 45 pwCF attended in five CF centers prospectively completed the CFAbd-day2day before (mean ± sd:14 ± 7 days) and after (mean ± sd: 28 ± 23 days) ETI initiation. On the one hand, cumulative scores significantly decreased during the 3–4-week time frame after ETI initiation, compared to 2 weeks prior to therapy. On the other hand, many patients who revealed a relatively stable level of AS before ETI reported changes during the first days of treatment with the highly effective CFTR modulators. Factors like pain and flatulence increased in up to 21% of patients during the first 14 days of therapy, but they improved during days 15–27.

Conclusion: The CFAbd-day2day, specifically developed and in the process of validation to prospectively capture GI symptoms in pwCF, provides new substantial insights into the dynamics of AS in pwCF receiving a new treatment with ETI. This novel tool is also helpful in prospectively monitoring patients with specific GI problems. International implementation and further validation steps of the diary are ongoing.
The role of ferroptosis in diabetic cardiovascular diseases and the intervention of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Sun Jing , Wang Jianying , Meng Tianwei , Yang Jianfei , Zhou Yabin
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, among others, are the most prevalent complications of diabetes and the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs. As research progresses, accumulating evidence also suggests the involvement of ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Ferroptosis, characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which culminates in membrane rupture, may present new therapeutic targets for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Current treatments for CVDs, such as antihypertensive, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, and plaque-stabilising drugs, may cause severe side effects with long-term use. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its broad range of activities and minimal side effects, is widely used in China. Numerous studies have shown that active components of Chinese medicine, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, can prevent CVDs by regulating ferroptosis. This review summarises the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of active components of Chinese medicine against ferroptosis in CVDs, aiming to provide new directions and a scientific basis for targeting ferroptosis for the prevention and treatment of diabetic CVDs.
Phyllanthus emblica: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties
Authors: Prananda Arya Tjipta , Dalimunthe Aminah , Harahap Urip , Simanjuntak Yogi , Peronika Epina , Karosekali Natasya Elsa , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Syahputra Rony Abdi , Situmorang Putri Cahaya , Nurkolis Fahrul
Published: October 2023

Phyllanthus emblica Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as “Balakka” in Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as “kimalaka,” “balakka,” “metengo,” “malaka,” and “kemloko” in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively. Phyllanthus emblica thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with P. emblica and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents.
Genome-wide identification of PEBP gene family in pineapple reveal its potential functions in flowering
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Ouyang Yanwei , Zhao Lei , Li Ziqiong , Zhang Hongna , Wei Yongzan
Published: October 2023

Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) plays an important role in regulating flowering time and morphogenesis of plants. However, the identification and functional analysis of PEBP gene in pineapple (AcPEBP) have not been systematically studied. The pineapple genome contained 11 PEBP family members, which were subsequently classified into three subfamilies (FT-like, TFL-like and MFT-like) based on phylogenetic relationships. The arrangement of these 11 shows an unequal pattern across the six chromosomes of pineapple the pineapple genome. The anticipated outcomes of the promoter cis-acting elements indicate that the PEBP gene is subject to regulation by diverse light signals and endogenous hormones such as ethylene. The findings from transcriptome examination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicate that FT-like members AcFT3 and AcFT4 display a heightened expression level, specifically within the floral structures. The expression of AcFT3 and AcFT4 increases sharply and remains at a high level after 4 days of ethylene induction, while the expression of AcFT7 and AcMFT1 decreases gradually during the flowering process. Additionally, AcFT3, AcFT4 and AcFT7 show specific expression in different floral organs of pineapple. These outcomes imply that members belonging to the FT-like subfamily may have a significant impact on the process of bud differentiation and flower development. Through transcriptional activation analysis, it was determined that AcFT4 possesses transcriptional activation capability and is situated in the nucleus and peripheral cytoplasm. Overexpression of AcFT4 in Arabidopsis resulted in the promotion of early flowering by 6-7 days. The protein interaction prediction network identified potential flower regulators, including CO, AP1, LFY and SOC1, that may interact with PEBP proteins. This study explores flower development in pineapple, thereby serving as a valuable reference for future research endeavors in this domain.
Soil quality and ecological benefits assessment of alpine desertified grassland following different ecological restoration measures
Authors: Li Yiran , Hu Sijia , Lang Shanxin , Pu Yulin , Zhang Shirong , Li Ting , Xu Xiaoxun , Jia Yongxia , Wang Guiyin , Yuan Dagang , Li Yun
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Soil quality plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth for restored grassland. However, few studies investigate the comprehensive effects considering soil and vegetation properties during the restoration of desertified grassland, which restrict the virtuous circle of restored grassland ecosystem.

Methods

By setting three restoration patterns of enclosure plus grass (EG), enclosure intercropping shrub-grass (ESG), and enclosure plus sand-barrier and shrub-grass (ESSG) with three different restoration years (≤5, 7–9, and ≥15 years), we selected 28 physicochemical and microbial indicators, and constructed a minimum data set (MDS) to analyze the influences of restoration measurements on soil quality and ecological benefits in alpine desertified grassland.

Results

The results showed that the MDS comprised seven soil quality indicators: silt, total nitrogen (TN), carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N), total potassium (TK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and fungi. Soil quality index (SQI) and ecological restoration effect index (EREI) in restored grasslands significantly increased by 144.83–561.24% and 87.21–422.12%, respectively, compared with unrestored grassland, and their positive effects increased with extending restoration years. The increasing effects of SQI and EREI were the highest in ESSG, followed by EG and ESG. The increasing rate of SQI began to decrease after 5 years in EG and ESG, while it decreased after 7–9 years in ESSG, and that of EREI in EG was lower than ESSG in each restoration year. Our work revealed that ESSG was the optimum restoration pattern for desertified grassland, and anthropogenic monitoring and management measurements such as applying organic fertilization and mowing return reasonably should be carried out at the beginning of 5 years in EG and ESG as well as 7 years in ESSG to maintain sustainable ecological benefits.

Discussion

The study highlights that soil quality, including microbial properties, is a key factor to evaluate the restoration effects of desertified grassland.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism for blue-light–induced biosynthesis of delphinidin derivatives in harvested purple pepper fruit
Authors: Gao Jinhui , Dou Yuwei , Wang Xiaotong , Zhang Dalong , Wei Min , Li Yan
Published: October 2023

Anthocyanins are the main pigments that affect the color and quality of purple-fruited sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum). Our previous study indicated that blue light can induce anthocyanin accumulation in purple pepper. In view of its underlying mechanism that is unclear, here, anthocyanin content was determined, and transcriptome analysis was performed on pepper fruits harvested from different light treatments. As a result, among the identified anthocyanin metabolites, the levels of delphinidin (Dp) glycosides, including Dp-3-O-rhamnoside, Dp-3-O-rutinoside, and Dp-3-O-glucoside, were highly accumulated in blue-light–treated fruit, which are mainly responsible for the appearance color of purple pepper. Correlation between anthocyanin content and transcriptomic analysis indicated a total of 1,619 upregulated genes were found, of which six structural and 12 transcription factor (TF) genes were involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Structural gene, for instance, CaUFGT as well as TFs such as CaMYC2-like and CaERF113, which were highly expressed under blue light and presented similar expression patterns consistent with Dp glycoside accumulation, may be candidate genes for anthocyanin synthesis in response to blue-light signal.