bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HASTANELERDE İŞ KAZALARI VE ÇALIŞAN GÜVENLİĞİ: KARABÜK ŞEHİR MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY IN THE HOSPITALS: AN APPLICATION AT KARABUK CITY CENTRE
Authors: Cebeci Hakan
Published: May 2014

In health sector, health care workers are exposed to a lot of work accidents as a source of the feature of the service. A set of legal arrangements have been made on the subject by the Ministry of Health is working basically assuring the safety of these arrangements, hospitals, hospital management, employee safety committee and a number of employees responsibilities. Evaluation of the work-related accidents which the health care workers are exposed to and safety issues related to working in health care workers and to contribute to the process of searching for solutions, applications, reviews of health care workers and detection of exposure to work-related accidents are important to employee safety. Virtue of this importance, the aim of our research, which threaten the security of working in hospitals and to identify the most common work-related accidents, accidents at work in the formation of this, according to the Service Quality Standards which essentially based on to provide patient and employee safety and to include all the health institutions in the country, hospital management, employee safety committee and responsibilities of employees and so on which provide employees the opportunity to evaluate separately by sections that determine the development of open spaces. Health personnel working in hospitals in the city center of Karabuk scope of the research carried out and the data obtained from questionnaires were applied to various analyzes.Research of health personnel as a result of a work accident rate is quite high exposure, the culture of event notification which does not occur in hospitals, hospitals for the purposes of employee safety committees are activelycommitted to the fore the results. In addition, the participants 'management' obligations relating to employee safety assessment in which the assessment is unfavorable compared.
BİLGİ YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARI KAPSAMINDA İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER CHANGES IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Büyükyılmaz Ozan
Published: May 2014

The development and expansion of knowledge management as an important management philosophy has a significant impact on human resources management as well as on organization as a whole. In this context, knowledge management processes have been used as a strategic tool within human resources management.Therefore, functions of human resources management must adapt itself to this change. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of human resources management in the management of knowledge and to reveal the effects of knowledge management practices on the functions of human resources byexamining the relationship between human resources and knowledge management. In this context, a theoretical investigation was conducted. It has been determined that significant changes occurred on the functions of human resources management such as selection and recruitment, performance management, remuneration and reward, training and development within the framework of the knowledge management strategies.
HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP
Authors: Yurtsever Selçuk
Published: May 2014

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.
STRATEJİK DÜŞÜNMENİN İŞLEMCİLERİ OLARAK ELEŞTİREL VE YARATICI DÜŞÜNME: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ THE EFFECT OF CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING ON STRATEGIC THINKING: A SURVEY ON MANAGERS
Authors: Çiçek Mukaddes , Naktiyok Atılhan
Published: May 2014

The basic aim of this study is to research the relationships between strategic thinking, critical thinking and creative thinking. In this study, primarily the theoritical rudiments given here about this thinking styles, and then researched whether or relationship between them and its direction if any, by the help of scales. In the empiric phase of this study, a questionnaire was conducted to explore the existence of three different thinking ability, on 224 managers working in Turkish Incorporated Company. Data which contained this phase are interpreted by the statistical analyzes that fit structure of survey, in order to testhypotheses directing survey. It is confirmed that critical and creative thinking styles are meaningfully and strongly effecting strategic thinking in paralel with positive relationships between strategic, critical and creative thinking styles, when findings are examined.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA THE USERS’ EVALUATIONS ABOUT THE SMARTPHONES: AN APPLICATION AT KASTAMONU CITY CENTRE
Authors: Taner Neslişah
Published: May 2014

In recent years, mobile phones are turned into smart phones that is known multimedia machine   from interpersonal device.These devices  known smartphones are programmable mobile phones that  offer advanced talent and features  to  consumers in their personal and business lives.In  rapidly changing mobile phone market, new generation smart phone producers  incline consumers  with also being under the sway of social influence to buy and use this new  technology .It has an important  to establish smart phones offered as multi functional devices with different features   in terms of   which criteria  of them are prefered and which features whether used or not by their consumers. The purpose of this paper is to assess smartphones in terms of their users. As a result of literature review, smartphones assesment criterias that are social needs, social influences,convenience,dependency and purchase behaviour are surveyed .200 smartphone users live in the city centre of Kastamonu are surveyed in this study.  Results via  frequency analysis,Stage Ranking Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis  revealed the consumers’ smartphone preference reasons,usage  and dependendency level.Factors in the literature are confirmed by the confirmatory analysis.  Results via MANOVA analysis reveal that there are differences between smartphone users consideration in terms of their demographic features.
YEREL ÜRÜNLERİN PAZARLARA AÇILMASINDA ALTERNATİF BİR TİCARET MODELİ OLAN İNSAFLI TİCARETİN YEREL ÜRETİCİLER TARAFINDAN KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: KARABÜK İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA A RESEARCH FOR THE EMPLOYABILITY OF FAIR-TRADE BY LOCAL SUPP
Authors: Gümüşbuğa Fikret
Published: May 2014

The need to promote the production of natural products, the necessity of supporting small suppliers in every phase of production to recompense their endeavours, and the need for a model suitable to our country for marketing naturally produced goods are obvious. Fair trade, which is defined as fair worldwide, is seen as an alternative trade model encouraging small suppliers to produce natural products and secure their sustainability. In this research which seeks to find out if fair-trade is employable in our country, in-depth interview is made with small suppliers operating in the province of Karabuk. According to the results of the research, it is found that a trade model similar to fair-trade can be applied in Turkey and that it can provide competitive advantage for small suppliers.
HİZMET İŞLETMELERİNDE MALIYET ANALİZİ: SİVAS NUMUNE HASTANESİ YANIK ÜNİTESİNDE YATAN HASTALARIN MALİYET ANALİZİ
Authors: HAZAR Erkan , İNCE Ali Rıza , ÇAM Selim , KARAGÖZ Naim
Published: May 2014

Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate retrospectively the average cost per patient between the time 1May 2012-15 June 2013 in 68 patients who were hospitalized in the Burn Section of Numune State Hospital. Methods. This investigation includes age, degree of burn, burn percentage, burn type, hospitalization days and bills. Rates were determined according to the burn type of patients and costs were determined according to these types. Results. 80.9% of patients had hot water burn, 7.4% were burned due to burst flames, 4.4% had milk burns, 4.4% had steam burns and 2.9% were identified to have electrical burns. Average costs of burn injury inpatients was reported as TL values. Conclusion. The degree of burn injury, burn ratio and number of days during hospitalization were found to be dependent while age and type of burn injury were found to be independent variable that affect burn costs. The most important paramater that increased cost was number of days of hospitalization. Total cost of 68 patients was 1193,65 TL and average daily cost of a patient was found to be 110,12TL.
KOBİ’LERDE MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİ ALGILARI VE UYGULAMALARI: TOKAT İLİ ÖRNEĞİ PERCEPTIONS AN APPLICATION OF SMES' CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN TOKAT
Authors: EROL Yücel , İMRE Turan Burak
Published: May 2014

The purpose of the study is to reveal SMEs’ practices, perceptions and knowledge about Customer Relationship Management, determine the features that may affect the perceptions of CRM, measure the relationship between innovation, market, profit-earning capacity performances and their CRM perceptions and finally recommend suggestions for promoting themselves about it in Tokat. The study has been planned as descriptive research. Data has been obtained by survey via interviewing with managers. Sample size has been admitted as 169 firms at %5 significance level. Convenience sampling has been chosen as sampling.As a result of the research, Tokat province SMEs' have high level of CRM perceptions. But their CRM practices are deficient, exiguous and they are uneducated and anachronistic about CRM.
TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ THE IMPACT OF TRANSFER PRICING PRACTICE ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND THE EVALUATION FROM THE TAX POINT
Authors: KUZU Serdar
Published: May 2014

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.
İŞE BAĞLILIĞIN TÜKENMİŞLİK VE DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE EFFECTS OF WORK COMMITMENT ON THE LEVELS OF BURNOUT AND DEPRESSION: A RESEARCH ON THE HEALTH CARE EMPLOYEES
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Haluk , SARIHAN Mucize
Published: May 2014

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of health workers’ levels of work commitment on the levels of depression and burnout.  Having this purpose in mind, a questionnaire consisting of personal information form, work commitment scale, burnout scale and depression scale was conducted with 266 health workers of İstanbul Kartal Training and Research Hospital in May 2013. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 17,0 statistical software. Correlation analysis was utilized in order to determine the relationships among work commitment, burnout and depression levels of health workers whereas regression analysis was utilized in order to determine the effects of health workers’ levels of work commitment on the levels of depression and burnout. According to the results, it has been found that there are statistically relevant relationships among work commitment, burnout and depression levels of health workers. It has been concluded that the more health workers’ levels of work commitment increase, their levels of depression and burnout decrease.
İŞLETME VE MUHASEBE EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİNDE BÖLGESEL FARKLILIK ETKİSİ
Authors: Canbaz Mustafa , Çankır Bilal , Çevik Emre
Published: May 2014

Girişimcilik ve ilgili kavramlar tanımlanmış, girişimcilik türleri, girişimciliğe etki eden faktörler ve girişimcilik kültürü üzerinde durulmuştur. Ardından muhasebe eğitimi alan üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik özelliklerinin bölgesel farklılık esasına göre ölçümü yapılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.
TÜRK KÖKENLİ KOBİ’LERİN MALEZYA’DAKİ FAALİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Polat Refik
Published: May 2014

Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ’ler) bütün ülkelerde ekonomik gelişme bakımından önemli bir rol oynadığı inkar edilemez bir gerçektir. Malezya’da KOBİ’ler 2000 yılından beri toplam şirket sayısının % 95’inden fazlasını oluşturmakta ve toplam üretimin % 40’ından, toplam istihdamın % 60’ından ve toplam katma değerin ise % 45’indne fazlasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı;  Malezya’da faaliyet gösteren Türk kökenli Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli (KOBİ) işletmelerin girişimcilik ve iş başarısının Malezya ekonomisi bağlamındaki katkısının araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren Türk girişimciler incelenerek, Türk girişimcilerin nitelik ve özellikleri ortaya konulmuş, onların girişimciliğe ve Malezya’daki iş dünyasının girişimsel sürecine ve ilerlemesine nasıl katkı sağladıkları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca Türk girişimcilerin motivasyonları, kontrol pozisyonları ve demografik nitelikleri de incelenmiştir.
LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN TÜRK EKONOMİSİNE KATKILARI VE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Gümüş Sefer
Published: May 2014

Globalleşen Dünya’da sınırların tamamen kalktığını ve sonuçta daha ucuz malların en asgari fiyatla taşınması gerçeği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu güne kadar taşımanın yerine ikame edilebilecek bir çözüm Dünya’da bulunamamıştır. Dünya ülkeleri içerisinde Türkiye’nin gerek yolcu gerekse yük taşımacılığını karayolu ile tercih etmesi lojistik sektörünün Türkiye’de maliyetini arttırmıştır. Ulaştırma sistemi içerisinde karayolu taşımacılığının %95 olması ve diğer ulaştırma sistemlerine önem verilmemesi her yıl binlerce can kaybı ile maddi kayıplara sebep olmuştur. Son yıllarda lojistik sektörünün önemi Türkiye’de anlaşılmaya başlanmış ulaştırma sistemleri yenilenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu makalede Türkiye’deki gelişen lojistik sektörü ve lojistik yönetimi ile dış kaynak kullanımı üzerinde durulmuş ve bu sektördeki açıklarımız incelenmiş ve çözümler aranmıştır. Gerçekten ürün çıkış maliyetlerini aşağı çekebilmek ve Dünya’daki aynı işi yapan firmalarla rekabet edebilmek için taşımacılık kontrol altına alınmalı ve taşımacılığa bir çeki düzen verilmelidir. Ayrıca dış kaynak kullanımı ile ciddi bir rekabet avantajı yaratılacağı unutulmamalıdır. Dış kaynak kullanımı hizmet kalitesi bu hizmeti veren kurumun uzmanlığına bağlıdır. Ayrıca 1980’lerden itibaren gelişme gösteren konteyner taşımacılık sistemi çok önemli hale gelmiştir. Konteyner taşımacılık yani limandan limana taşımacılık limanların önemini daha da çok arttırmıştır. Konteyner taşımacılık sistemi limanlarda terminal kavramının ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Konteyner terminalleri sayesinde lojistik hizmetler ekonomik, verimli ve güvenli hale gelmiştir. Özellikle ülkemizde özelleştirme sonucunda limanların büyük bir kısmı özel firmalara devredilmiş ve bu firmalar aldıkları limanları alt yapısı için gerekli çalışmaları yapmışlar ve daha verimli bir şekilde çalışmalarını sağlamışlardır. Bu da lojistik sektörünün ülkemizde gelişimine bir örnek olarak verilebilir.
YABANCI DİL EĞİTİM HİZMETLERİNDE HİZMET KALİTESİ ÖLÇÜMÜNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Yüce Serdar
Published: May 2014

Ulusal ve uluslararası boyutta artan rekabet koşulları ve artan tüketici beklentileri,  işletmeleri kaliteli ürün ve hizmetler sunmaya zorlamaktadır.  Bu anlamda ortaya çıkan  “hizmet kalitesi”  kavramı,  işletmelerin üzerinde önemle durması gereken bir konudur.  Bu çalışma ile hizmet işletmelerinin müşterilerinin bekledikleri ve algıladıkları hizmet kalitesi anlayışı ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulama çalışması ise toplum geleceğine yön veren bir eğitim hizmetleri işletmesi olan Karabük Üniversitesinin müşterilerinden; Yabancı dil hazırlık sınıfı öğrencileri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları üniversitenin sunduğu eğitim hizmetinin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığını göstermesinin yanı sıra; öğrencilerin yabancı dil hazırlık eğitiminden neler beklediğini de ortaya koyması nedeni ile gelecekteki eğitim faaliyetlerinin planlanmasına da yön verici ipuçları içermektedir.
ZONGULDAK İLİNDE İHRACAT YAPAN FİRMALARIN İHRACATTA KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SORUNLAR
Authors: Aksoy Ramazan , Yıldıran Canan
Published: May 2014

Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak İlinde ihracat yapan firmaların ne gibi ihracat sorunlarıyla karşılaştıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisine ve Ticaret Sanayi Odasına kayıtlı olan 35 ihracatçı firma yetkilisi ile görüşülmüştür. Firmanın yetkilileri ile yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla yapılan çalışma sonucunda hazırlanan anket formu ile elde edilen veriler SPSS 15 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ihracat yapan firmaların ekonomik ve finansal sorunlar, taşıma, depolama ve dağıtım ile ilgili sorunlar, uluslararası rekabet koşulları ile ilgili sorunlar, üretim maliyetleri ile ilgili sorunlar, ihracatta vergi, resim ve harçla ilgili sorunlar ve gümrük tarifeleri ile ilgili sorunlar büyük sorunlar yaşadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda firmalarda ayrı bir ihracat departmanına sahip olup olmaması ile proaktif ve reaaktif ihracatçı olması arasında ilişkinin olduğunu görmekteyiz.
DİĞER KAPSAMLI GELİR KALEMLERİ İLE İŞLETMENİN PİYASA DEĞERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Gürkan Serhan , Köse Yasemin
Published: May 2014

Diğer kapsamlı gelir, gelir ve gider hesaplarında henüz tahakkuk etmemiş gerçekleşmiş kazanç ve kayıplardan oluşmaktadır ve gelir tablosunda raporlanan net kar ile kapsamlı gelir arasındaki farkı ifade etmektedir. Diğer kapsamlı gelir ile işletmenin piyasa değeri arasındaki ilişki tartışmalı bir konu olmakla birlikte; finansal performans açısından tüm diğer kapsamlı kar kalemlerini birlikte değerlendirmek yanıltıcı olabilmektedir. Bu bilgi ışığında çalışmada her bir diğer kapsamlı gelir kalemi ile işletmenin piyasa değeri arasındaki ilişki ayrı ele alınarak; değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Regulation of Sex Determination in Mice by a Non-coding Genomic Region
Authors: Arboleda Valerie A , Fleming Alice , Barseghyan Hayk , Délot Emmanuèle , Sinsheimer Janet S , Vilain Eric
Published: May 2014

To identify novel genomic regions that regulate sex determination, we utilized the powerful C57BL/6J-YPOS (B6-YPOS) model of XY sex reversal where mice with autosomes from the B6 strain and a Y chromosome from a wild-derived strain, Mus domesticus poschiavinus (YPOS), show complete sex reversal. In B6-YPOS, the presence of a 55-Mb congenic region on chromosome 11 protects from sex reversal in a dose-dependent manner. Using mouse genetic backcross designs and high-density SNP arrays, we narrowed the congenic region to a 1.62-Mb genomic region on chromosome 11 that confers 80% protection from B6-YPOS sex reversal when one copy is present and complete protection when two copies are present. It was previously believed that the protective congenic region originated from the 129S1/SviMJ (129) strain. However, genomic analysis revealed that this region is not derived from 129 and most likely is derived from the semi-inbred strain POSA. We show that the small 1.62-Mb congenic region that protects against B6-YPOS sex reversal is located within the Sox9 promoter and promotes the expression of Sox9, thereby driving testis development within the B6-YPOS background. Through 30 years of backcrossing, this congenic region was maintained, as it promoted male sex determination and fertility despite the female-promoting B6-YPOS genetic background. Our findings demonstrate that long-range enhancer regions are critical to developmental processes and can be used to identify the complex interplay between genome variants, epigenetics, and developmental gene regulation.
Transcription-Independent Functions of an RNA Polymerase II Subunit, Rpb2, During Genome Rearrangement in the Ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax
Authors: Khurana Jaspreet S , Wang Xing , Chen Xiao , Perlman David H , Landweber Laura F
Published: May 2014

The RNA polymerase II (Pol-II) holoenzyme, responsible for messenger RNA production, typically consists of 10–12 subunits. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that maternally deposited, long, noncoding, template RNAs are essential for programmed genome rearrangements in the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax. Here we show that such RNAs are bidirectionally transcribed and transported to the zygotic nucleus. The gene encoding the second-largest subunit of Pol-II, Rpb2, has undergone gene duplication, and the two paralogs, Rpb2-a and -b, display different expression patterns. Immunoprecipitation of double-stranded RNAs identified an association with Rpb2-a. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we show that Rpb2-a in early zygotes appears surprisingly unassociated with other Pol II subunits. A partial loss of function of Rpb2-a leads to an increase in expression of transposons and other germline-limited satellite repeats. We propose that evolutionary divergence of the Rpb2 paralogs has led to acquisition of transcription-independent functions during sexual reproduction that may contribute to the negative regulation of germline gene expression.
Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Evolution of the X Chromosome in Nematodes
Authors: Albritton Sarah Elizabeth , Kranz Anna-Lena , Rao Prashant , Kramer Maxwell , Dieterich Christoph , Ercan Sevinç
Published: May 2014

Studies of X chromosome evolution in various organisms have indicated that sex-biased genes are nonrandomly distributed between the X and autosomes. Here, to extend these studies to nematodes, we annotated and analyzed X chromosome gene content in four Caenorhabditis species and in Pristionchus pacificus. Our gene expression analyses comparing young adult male and female mRNA-seq data indicate that, in general, nematode X chromosomes are enriched for genes with high female-biased expression and depleted of genes with high male-biased expression. Genes with low sex-biased expression do not show the same trend of X chromosome enrichment and depletion. Combined with the observation that highly sex-biased genes are primarily expressed in the gonad, differential distribution of sex-biased genes reflects differences in evolutionary pressures linked to tissue-specific regulation of X chromosome transcription. Our data also indicate that X dosage imbalance between males (XO) and females (XX) is influential in shaping both expression and gene content of the X chromosome. Predicted upregulation of the single male X to match autosomal transcription (Ohno’s hypothesis) is supported by our observation that overall transcript levels from the X and autosomes are similar for highly expressed genes. However, comparison of differentially located one-to-one orthologs between C. elegans and P. pacificus indicates lower expression of X-linked orthologs, arguing against X upregulation. These contradicting observations may be reconciled if X upregulation is not a global mechanism but instead acts locally on a subset of tissues and X-linked genes that are dosage sensitive.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Distant Relatives in Multiplex Families Implicates Rare Variants in Candidate Genes for Oral Clefts
Authors: Bureau Alexandre , Parker Margaret M , Ruczinski Ingo , Taub Margaret A , Marazita Mary L , Murray Jeffrey C , Mangold Elisabeth , Noethen Markus M , Ludwig Kirsten U , Hetmanski Jacqueline B , Bailey-Wilson Joan E , Cropp Cheryl D , Li Qing , Szymczak Silke , Albacha-Hejazi Hasan , Alqosayer Khalid , Field L Leigh , Wu-Chou Yah-Huei , Doheny Kimberly F , Ling Hua , Scott Alan F , Beaty Terri H
Published: May 2014

A dozen genes/regions have been confirmed as genetic risk factors for oral clefts in human association and linkage studies, and animal models argue even more genes may be involved. Genomic sequencing studies should identify specific causal variants and may reveal additional genes as influencing risk to oral clefts, which have a complex and heterogeneous etiology. We conducted a whole exome sequencing (WES) study to search for potentially causal variants using affected relatives drawn from multiplex cleft families. Two or three affected second, third, and higher degree relatives from 55 multiplex families were sequenced. We examined rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) shared by affected relatives in 348 recognized candidate genes. Exact probabilities that affected relatives would share these rare variants were calculated, given pedigree structures, and corrected for the number of variants tested. Five novel and potentially damaging SNVs shared by affected distant relatives were found and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. One damaging SNV in CDH1, shared by three affected second cousins from a single family, attained statistical significance (P = 0.02 after correcting for multiple tests). Family-based designs such as the one used in this WES study offer important advantages for identifying genes likely to be causing complex and heterogeneous disorders.
Pleiotropic Mutations Are Subject to Strong Stabilizing Selection
Authors: McGuigan Katrina , Collet Julie M , Allen Scott L , Chenoweth Stephen F , Blows Mark W
Published: May 2014

The assumption that pleiotropic mutations are more deleterious than mutations with more restricted phenotypic effects is an important premise in models of evolution. However, empirical evidence supporting this assumption is limited. Here, we estimated the strength of stabilizing selection on mutations affecting gene expression in male Drosophila serrata. We estimated the mutational variance (VM) and the standing genetic variance (VG) from two well-matched panels of inbred lines: a panel of mutation accumulation (MA) lines derived from a single inbred ancestral line and a panel of inbred lines derived from an outbred population. For 855 gene-expression traits, we estimated the strength of stabilizing selection as s = VM/VG. Selection was observed to be relatively strong, with 17% of traits having s > 0.02, a magnitude typically associated with life-history traits. Randomly assigning expression traits to five-trait sets, we used factor analytic mixed modeling in the MA data set to identify covarying traits that shared pleiotropic mutations. By assigning traits to the same trait sets in the outbred line data set, we then estimated s for the combination of traits affected by pleiotropic mutation. For these pleiotropic combinations, the median s was three times greater than s acting on the individual component traits, and 46% of the pleiotropic trait combinations had s > 0.02. Although our analytical approach was biased toward detecting mutations with relatively large effects, likely overestimating the average strength of selection, our results provide widespread support for the prediction that stronger selection can act against mutations with pleiotropic effects.
Produção social, histórica e cultural do conceito de juventudes heterogêneas potencializa ações políticas
Authors: Trancoso Alcimar Enéas Rocha , Oliveira Adélia Augusta Souto
Published: May 2014

Conceitos são definidos no contexto social, cultural, histórico, constituindo-se no ambiente sociopolítico. O campo social, espaço onde a ação do homem tem significado e produz sentido, é o lócus da produção de conceitos. A metassíntese realizada analisou 37 artigos científicos e 176 teses e dissertações que discutem o conceito de juventude, do período de 2007 a 2011, encontradas através do banco de teses da CAPES e da biblioteca eletr™nica SCIELO pelo Google Acadêmico. Resultados indicam que o conceito de juventudes, expresso pelas distintas forças políticas, é um exemplo do poder mobilizador do ato de conceituar, evidenciado na contemporaneidade. A perspectiva da lógica linear e fásica da vida convive com a heterogeneidade, expressando assim um campo propício para as distintas perspectivas e posturas teóricas. A psicologia social crítica é desafiada a fortalecer presença nos circuitos da produção de conceitos, promovendo reflexão significativa e elementos de transformação.
Trabalhadores com deficiência: vivências de prazer e sofrimento
Authors: Coelho Cecília Martins , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira , Mancini Marisa Cotta
Published: May 2014

Pessoas com deficiência foram historicamente segregadas e consideradas incapazes para o trabalho, mas atualmente preconiza-se sua inclusão em uma perspectiva biopsicossocial. Consequentemente, o número de trabalhadores com deficiência aumentou, embora a forma como vivenciam o trabalho ainda seja pouco conhecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi apreender como os trabalhadores com deficiência vivenciam e dão sentido à experiência de trabalho. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas. O trabalho apresentou-se como organizador da vida, estruturador da identidade e gerador de prazer e sofrimento, resultando em atitudes resilientes. O prazer mostrou-se relacionado a recompensas pessoais e sociais. O sofrimento associou-se às imposições e apropriações das exigências organizacionais, individualismo, desvalorização e falta de reconhecimento. Trabalhar com uma deficiência revelou-se uma experiência complexa, que envolve a interação entre um corpo com lesões, a subjetividade do trabalhador, a organização do trabalho e a sociedade como um todo.
Representação social do pecado segundo grupos religiosos
Authors: Collares-da-Rocha Julio Cesar Cruz , Souza Filho Edson Alves de
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as representações sociais do pecado segundo grupos religiosos. Para tanto, realizamos a coleta de dados por meio de questionário com questões relacionadas aos dados pessoais dos sujeitos e sobre suas representações sobre o que é o pecado. Participaram da pesquisa, 223 estudantes de Ensino Médio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos, que se autodefiniram como Católicos, Evangélicos e Sem Religião. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a análise de conteúdo. Quanto aos resultados, católicos e evangélicos representaram o pecado a partir do caráter prescritivo da moral, enquanto os sem religião o representaram em face do caráter desviante/criminoso. A representação social do pecado para o grupo dos sem religião, como desvio/crime, aponta para o desenvolvimento de uma ética secular, isto é, não-religiosa, capaz de enfrentar a pressão prescritiva da maioria.
Mitos e verdades no ensino de técnicas projetivas
Authors: Miguel Fabiano Koich
Published: May 2014

O objetivo do presente estudo foi esclarecer mal entendidos comumente encontrados no ensino de técnicas projetivas. Foram desenvolvidos três temas: o mito da exclusividade da psicanálise sobre esses instrumentos, a reavaliação da nomenclatura das técnicas e o mito da ausência de validade. Encontrou-se que há publicações que dão suporte à utilização dessas técnicas por psicólogos de diversas abordagens, exemplificando com um teste desenvolvido pelo behaviorista Skinner. A possibilidade de uma nova terminologia, questionada por outros pesquisadores, foi apresentada. Além disso, a revisão concluiu que as técnicas demonstram cientificidade em diversos contextos da Psicologia.
Pode a "traficada" falar?
Authors: Venson Anamaria Marcon , Pedro Joana Maria
Published: May 2014

Este artigo discute a definição de tráfico de pessoas colocada no Código Penal brasileiro e suas relações com sensos proibitivos da prostituição. Para pensar esta questão, se faz uso de epistemologias feministas que apontam como essa discursividade se arranja em torno da noção de passividade e debilidade feminina. Parece haver um certo consenso entre as pessoas treinadas para combater o tráfico de pessoas a respeito do argumento de que um dos empecilhos ao seu trabalho é o fato de as vítimas não se reconhecem como vítimas. Neste artigo, problematiza-se tal argumento explicativo e mostra-se como ele é, ao mesmo tempo, efeito e reforço da embaraçosa definição de tráfico colocada no Código Penal.
Probabilistic model calibration for soil slope under rainfall: effects of measurement duration and frequency in field monitoring
Authors: ZHANG L.L. , ZHENG Y.F. , ZHANG L.M. , LI X. , WANG J.H.
Published: May 2014

Field measured data reflect real response of soil slopes under rainfall infiltration. Based on field measured pore-water pressure histories, prediction models for slope design can be calibrated. In this study, a probabilistic approach based on the Bayesian theory is adopted to calibrate a slope-stability model using time-varying response data and to justify appropriate monitoring duration and data recording interval for field monitoring programmes. As an illustrative case study, field measured pore-water pressure responses in a natural terrain slope in Hong Kong are used to calibrate a prediction model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method. It is found that with the increase of measurement duration for model calibration, the uncertainties of soil parameters can be reduced. The duration of the calibrated data should be sufficiently long so as not to underestimate the model error. With regard to the effect of measurement interval, both the uncertainties of input parameters and the model error are increased with the increase of data recording interval. The correlations among the soil parameters are subject to greater uncertainties and the prediction accuracy of the calibrated model is reduced with a larger recording interval.
An energy-based isotropic compression relation for cement-admixed soft clay
Authors: XIAO H.-W. , LEE F.-H.
Published: May 2014

This note presents an energy-based isotropic compression relationship for cement-admixed soil. By assuming that the rate of destructuration is proportional to the rate of plastic work done during loading for a given soil, a relationship between the structure and the change in specific volume is derived. An approximate relationship is also derived for the case when the swelling index of the structured soil is small. By using experimental data, the main assumption introduced for deducing the relationship is validated.
Effects of forest management on California Spotted Owls: implications for reducing wildfire risk in fire‐prone forests
Authors: Tempel Douglas J. , Gutiérrez R. J. , Whitmore Sheila A. , Reetz Matthew J. , Stoelting Ricka E. , Berigan William J. , Seamans Mark E. , Peery M. Zachariah
Published: May 2014

Management of many North American forests is challenged by the need to balance the potentially competing objectives of reducing risks posed by high‐severity wildfires and protecting threatened species. In the Sierra Nevada, California, concern about high‐severity fires has increased in recent decades but uncertainty exists over the effects of fuel‐reduction treatments on species associated with older forests, such as the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). Here, we assessed the effects of forest conditions, fuel reductions, and wildfire on a declining population of Spotted Owls in the central Sierra Nevada using 20 years of demographic data collected at 74 Spotted Owl territories. Adult survival and territory colonization probabilities were relatively high, while territory extinction probability was relatively low, especially in territories that had relatively large amounts of high canopy cover (≥70%) forest. Reproduction was negatively associated with the area of medium‐intensity timber harvests characteristic of proposed fuel treatments. Our results also suggested that the amount of edge between older forests and shrub/sapling vegetation and increased habitat heterogeneity may positively influence demographic rates of Spotted Owls. Finally, high‐severity fire negatively influenced the probability of territory colonization. Despite correlations between owl demographic rates and several habitat variables, life stage simulation (sensitivity) analyses indicated that the amount of forest with high canopy cover was the primary driver of population growth and equilibrium occupancy at the scale of individual territories. Greater than 90% of medium‐intensity harvests converted high‐canopy‐cover forests into lower‐canopy‐cover vegetation classes, suggesting that landscape‐scale fuel treatments in such stands could have short‐term negative impacts on populations of California Spotted Owls. Moreover, high‐canopy‐cover forests declined by an average of 7.4% across territories during our study, suggesting that habitat loss could have contributed to declines in abundance and territory occupancy. We recommend that managers consider the existing amount and spatial distribution of high‐canopy forest before implementing fuel treatments within an owl territory, and that treatments be accompanied by a rigorous monitoring program.
Effectiveness of the On-the-Spot-EMDR Method for the Treatment of Behavioral Symptoms in Patients With Severe Dementia
Authors: Amano Tamaki , Toichi Motomi
Published: May 2014

Although the main symptoms of dementia consist of neuropsychological impairment, particularly long-term memory, dementia often involves severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). There are quite a few patients whose BPSD are untreatable with medication. Such BPSD often have some characteristics similar to traumatic symptoms and appear related to the recollection of disturbing past traumatic events. Because the standard protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is not directly applicable to patients with dementia, we developed a modified protocol, the on-the-spot-EMDR method. This study describes the protocol and evaluates its application to three patients with moderate to severe dementia. Clear therapeutic effects were evident, and all three individuals showed pronounced improvement in BPSD, with results maintained at 6-month follow-up. The relevance of these findings is discussed and suggestions made for future research.
Application of EMDR Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Mosquera Dolores , Leeds Andrew M. , Gonzalez Anabel
Published: May 2014

There is a growing interest in the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy beyond posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) where its application is well established. With strong scholarly consensus that early traumatic and adverse life experiences contribute to the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), EMDR would appear to offer much to the treatment of persons with BPD. However, given the specific characteristics of these clients, the application of EMDR therapy to their treatment can be challenging and necessitates several minor adaptations of the standard EMDR procedures for PTSD. This article provides an orientation to principles and strategies for safely and effectively preparing clients with BPD for EMDR therapy and for accessing and reprocessing the traumatic origins of BPD. Clinical examples are provided throughout.
The Seed-to-Weed Technique: Graphically Illustrating Symptom Etiology, Treatment, and Resolution
Authors: Jarecki Kriss
Published: May 2014

This Clinical Q&A article explains the seed-to-weed technique. This strategy offers an opportunity to help a client understand the problem and treatment approach and the ability to see progress in treatment. These crucial areas are important to treatment engagement and success, whether working with children or adults. An illustrated garden metaphor is used to guide a client to look at his or her life experiences and gain an understanding of how events have contributed to the problems and concerns that bring them into therapy. The seed-to-weed technique provides a graphic means of presenting trauma, a treatment plan, introducing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and tracking treatment progress. This article introduces and demonstrates the seed-to-weed technique.
Fate of organic matter during moderate heat treatment of sludge: kinetics of biopolymer and hydrolytic activity release and impact on sludge reduction by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Lefebvre D. , Dossat-Létisse V. , Lefebvre X. , Girbal-Neuhauser E.
Published: May 2014

Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion with a 50–70 °C pre-treatment is widely proposed for sludge. Here, such a sludge pre-treatment (65 °C) was studied against the physical, enzymatic and biodegradation processes. The soluble and particulate fractions were analysed in terms of biochemical composition and hydrolytic enzymatic activities. Two kinetics of organic matter solubilisation were observed: a rapid transfer of the weak-linked biopolymers to the water phase, including sugars, proteins or humic acid-like substances, to the water phase, followed by a slow and long-term solubilisation of proteins and humic acid-like substances. In addition, during the heat treatment a significant pool of thermostable hydrolytic enzymes including proteases, lipases and glucosidases remains active. Consequently, a global impact on organic matter was the transfer of the biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the particulate to the soluble fraction as evaluated by the biological methane potential test. However, the total biodegradable COD content of the treated sludge remained constant. The heat process improves the bio-accessibility of the biodegradable molecules but doesn't increase the inherent sludge biodegradability, suggesting that the chemistry of the refractory proteins and humic acids seems to be the real limit to sludge digestion.
Conflict of Interest, Tailored Science, and Responsibility of Scientific Institutions and Journals
Authors: Ruff Kathleen , Mirabelli Dario
Published: May 2014

Recent revelations have raised concerns on how conflicts of interest may involve even leading scientists and prestigious institutions and lead to bias in reporting and assessing scientific evidence. These have highlighted the need for action to safeguard scientific integrity and public health. The Italian Epidemiology Association has declared that the “biased and deliberately tailored use of the scientific evidence” by scientists with a conflict of interest serves to delay needed measures to prevent harm to public health from a polluting Italian steel plant's continuing chemical emissions. In France, unresolved concerns over conflict of interest forced the Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health to cancel its imminent appointment of a prominent scientist as its Director. These negative events demonstrate the necessity for scientific institutions and journals to implement rigorous measures regarding conflict of interest and the safeguarding of scientific integrity and public health.
Urgent hybrid approach in treatment of the acute myocardial infarction complicated by the ventricular septal rupture
Authors: Radosavljevic-Radovanovic Mina , Radovanovic Nebojsa , Arandjelovic Aleksandra , Mitrovic Predrag , Uscumlic Ana , Stankovic Goran
Published: May 2014

Introduction. Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) in the acute myocardial
infarction (AMI) is a rare but very serious complication, still associated
with high mortality, despite significant improvements in pharmacological and
surgical treatment. Therefore, hybrid approaches are introduced as new
therapeutical options. Case Outline. We present an urgent hybrid approach,
consisting of the initial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the
infarct-related artery, followed by immediate surgical closure of the
ventricular septal rupture, for treatment of high risk, hemodynamically
unstable female patient with AMI caused by one-vessel disease and complicated
by VSR and cardiogenic shock. Since the operative risk was also very high
(EUROSCORE II 37%), this therapeutic decision was based on the assumption
that preoperative PCI could promptly establish blood flow and thereby lessen
the risks, duration and complexity of urgent cardiosurgical intervention,
performed on the same day. This approach proved to be successful and the
patient was discharged from the hospital on the fifteenth postoperative day
in stable condition. Conclusion. In selected cases, with high operative risk
and unstable hemodynamic state due to AMI complicated by VSR, urgent hybrid
approach consisting of the initial PCI followed by surgical closure of VSR
may represent an acceptable treatment option and contribute to the treatment
of this complex group of patients.