bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pruebas de Diagnóstico Rápido: Una Apuesta Novedosa en el Diagnóstico de Malaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Badilla Ramírez Yanán
Published: April 2024

La malaria o paludismo es una infección parasitaria producida por protozoarios hemáticos del género Plasmodium, transmitida a los humanos mediante la picadura de un vector tipo mosquito del género Anopheles, el cual habita principalmente en zonas tropicales. En Costa Rica, la malaria clásicamente se ha diagnosticado por el método microscópico de gota gruesa, sin embargo, requiere personal altamente entrenado y microscopios de luz para poder desarrollarla. La aparición de las PDR desde la década de los noventa ha venido a revolucionar el diagnóstico de esta parasitosis y ser de gran aplicabilidad en los programas para prevención y control de malaria. Los resultados de ensayos realizados a la prueba SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/P.v® evidenció que estas pruebas poseen sensibilidad y especificidad aceptable en el contexto del diagnóstico de la enfermedad y ser de gran aplicación en el trabajo de campo, por lo que últimamente la OMS las recomienda como una alternativa al diagnóstico de malaria que puedan ser usadas donde no se cuente con recursos de diagnóstico microscópico.
From perception to performance: To establish the level of influence of prior knowledge on the scores of the reading section of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) of B1 level students of a public university in Ecuador
Authors: Peña Alvarez Zulema
Published: April 2024

The general objective of this article is to determine whether the perceptions of B1 level students at a public university in Ecuador about their prior knowledge influence their scores in the reading section of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The type of research was mixed, since numerical data were collected quantitatively and then generalized, and through a qualitative study important aspects were examined regarding the students' prior knowledge and whether it influences their performance in the aforementioned international test. For the sample, 28 students were selected, which were approached by two key instruments for the study, such as: the simulated test and the survey. The results obtained showed that the students' perceptions of their prior knowledge do not correlate with their performance in the reading section of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). Also, there was a high incidence of students who felt that reading does not help much in learning about a topic, however, they think it is of great help for vocabulary improvement.
Revisión de Tema: Hipertensión Pulmonar. Una Aproximación Clínica y Terapéutica de un Problema Multicausal y Complejo
Authors: Theran León Juan Sebastián , Meléndez Pedraza María Paula , Niño Pedraza Jeisson Andrés , Medina Medina Neider Juliano , Duran Patiño Miguel Angel , Echeverría López Jessica Andrea , Vergara Vega Stephany Yulieth , Orozco Rivero Juan Anthony , Zapata Campo Edinson Rafael
Published: April 2024

La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) se define como una presión arterial pulmonar media (mPAP) de 20 mm Hg o más en reposo (1), confirmado por cateterismo del lado derecho del corazón. Si bien existen muchas causas para la HP, casi siempre se asocia con el deterioro de los síntomas y el aumento de la mortalidad, independientemente de la enfermedad subyacente.2La hipertensión pulmonar afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población mundial, hasta el 10% de los mayores de 65 años y al menos al 50% de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) (2). Por lo tanto, los clinicos  pueden esperar encontrarse con HP en su práctica clínica. Este artículo proporciona una descripción general del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la HP.
Abordando el Desafío de la Deserción: una revisión sistemática de la Deserción en Instituciones de Educación Superior
Authors: Flores Mora Paúl Andrés
Published: April 2024

La deserción o abandono escolar resulta ser un desafío de gran valor e interés no solo para instituciones de educación superior, sino también para la economía de las diferentes naciones. Existen múltiples y diversos factores involucrados en la deserción, y con la aparición y auge de la educación online los índices aparentan ir en aumento. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) a través de la modalidad online han logrado incrementar el número de cupos en carreras que permitan dicha modalidad, sin embargo, más allá de los nuevos espacios resulta importante preguntarse ¿Cuántos de los estudiantes online desertan en comparación con las modalidades tradicionales? y ¿Qué están haciendo las IES para frenar o disminuir esta situación? y por otro lado ¿Cómo afecta la deserción en la economía de un país? El presente artículo de revisión pretende realizar un recorrido a través de distintas investigaciones y permitir contar con una luz de lo que ocurre alrededor de la deserción.
Numerical Analysis of Ship Motion of Crew Boat with Variations of Wave Period on Ship Operational Speed
Authors: Amalia Ika Wulandari  , I Ketut Aria Pria Utama  , Afifah Rofidayanti  , Dominic Hudson
Published: April 2024

Seakeeping is influenced by several factors such as speed, ship hull shape, and the direction of the waves (heading angle). In this research, the crew boat is analyzed using the 3D Diffraction method to obtain the response of the ship's motion at regular waves. The study focused on analyzing the sea motion of the crew boat at different wave periods (2.58 s, 4.12 s, 5.67 s, and 7.22 s) and variation of ship speeds (0 Knot, 3 knots, 6 knots, 9 knots, 12 knots, 15 knots, and 18 knots). It used input data including the heading angle of the wave (μ) which is 180° and at a wave height of 0.5 m. The numerical analysis was carried out to determine the ship's seakeeping and compare it with NORDFORSK 1987 criteria, and also to identify the Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI) of the crews on board. Based on the results obtained, the seakeeping value of the ship accepted the criteria of NORDFORSK 1987 up to a speed of 9 knots, starting at a speed of 12 knots it does not accept the criteria. As for the operability, the comfort level of the crew while on board has an MSI index of 0% for 0 Knot, and an MSI index for 18 knots is 4.46% of the total crew of the ship namely only 1 person from 25 persons will likely feel sea sickness.
Instructional Guide of Self-Development in Law Thesaurus
Authors: Pogosyan E. A.
Published: April 2024

В данном учебном пособии представлен комплексный подход к изучению английского языка с акцентом на юридическую сферу. Английский язык в контексте правовой деятельности играет важную роль, обеспечивая эффективное взаимодействие в международных правовых практиках, академических исследованиях и профессиональной коммуникации. Настоящее пособие включает в себя практические задания, адаптированные в соответствии с планом работы; тексты с последующими вопросами для анализа и обсуждения; практические грамматические и лексические упражнения; разговорник, каждый раздел которого содержит полезные понятия, выражения и образцы диалогов, чтобы студенты могли научиться эффективному общению на английском языке в различных юридических ситуациях. Также, имеются дополнительные материалы, предназначенные для практики и углубленного изучения юридического опыта в иноязычной интерпретации. Данное пособие призвано обеспечить учащихся необходимыми инструментариями для успешной реализации английского языка в профессиональной деятельности в области права. Пособие можно использовать как на аудиторных занятиях под руководством преподавателя, так и при самостоятельном изучении юридической терминологии на английском языке.
Estrategias de adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático en el proceso de beneficio húmedo del café
Authors: Rodríguez-Valencia Nelson
Published: April 2024

El investigador científico Nelson Rodríguez analiza las prácticas agrícolas sostenibles y las estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático en la industria cafetera. Destaca la importancia de la eficiencia hídrica, el uso de menos agua en el procesamiento del café y la gestión adecuada de los residuos del café para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
Brechas de género en la percepción y justificación de la desigualdad salarial en Chile 1999-2019
Authors: Castillo Juan Carlos , Carrasco Quintanilla Kevin
Published: April 2024

Las brechas salariales entre hombres y mujeres son una de las principales expresiones económicas de la desigualdad de género. De acuerdo a datos de la OCDE, en promedio, en Chile los salarios de los hombres son un 12% más altos que los de las mujeres, llegando incluso a casi un 25% cuando se ajusta por horas trabajadas. Si bien existe una amplia documentación de este tipo de brechas socioeconómicas, es escasa la investigación sobre si la desigualdad salarial entre hombres y mujeres es percibida y justificada en la población, y mucho menos sobre los factores asociados a la percepción y justificación de estas brechas. Utilizando datos de la encuesta del International Social Survey Programme — ISSP (módulos desigualdad económica 1999, 2009 y 2019, levantados por CEP en Chile), el presente artículo se centra en un análisis descriptivo de los cambios de percepción y justificación de las brechas salariales por género en los últimos veinte años. Los resultados indican que, si bien en Chile en promedio se percibe una alta desigualdad salarial, las mujeres perciben y justifican una menor desigualdad salarial consistentemente a través del tiempo. Las implicancias de estos resultados en relación con el impulso de cambios políticos y culturales que permitan reducir la brecha de género se aborda en las conclusiones.
RESILIENCE MODELING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRANSFORMING THE MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, TIKHONCHUK ROMAN G.
Published: April 2024

Approaches to modeling the management of regional systems are substantiated from the standpoint of including the concept of social solidarity as ensuring viability, the hypothesis of fractality, highlighting the causal signs of hierarchy, coherence, solidarity; changing the vector of strategic guidelines of the Russian border area, the functions of borders and the relevance of the “region-society” model. The contour of an alternative resilient logical model of regional management has been formed, including various aspects of involvement, creating a basis for the use of digital technologies
Locally Homogeneous Holomorphic Geometric Structures on Projective Varieties
Authors:   Shiv Nadar University, India, Biswas Indranil , McKay Benjamin ,   University College Cork, Ireland
Published: April 2024

For any smooth projective variety with holomorphic locally homogeneous structure modelled on a homogeneous algebraic variety, we determine all the subvarieties of it which develop to the model.
BACK ANALYSIS AND STABILITY PREDICTION OF SURROUNDING ROCK DURING EXCAVATION OF THE SHUANGJIANGKOU UNDERGROUND POWERHOUSE
Authors: Li You , Xiao Ming-Li , Feng Gan , Cai Ming-Guang , Wu Jia-Ming , Pei Jian-Liang , He Jiang-Da
Published: April 2024

The underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou hydropower station is one of the largest caverns under construction in China, and its stability during construction is crucial for safe construction. To study the stability of the surrounding rock during excavation, the displacement and stress of the surrounding rock were monitored by multi-point displacement meters and bolt stress meters. Based on the monitoring data, the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, friction angle, and cohesion of surrounding rock were inversely analyzed by the PSO-BP algorithm. Then, the back-analyzed parameters were used to simulate the subsequent excavations and predict the stability of surrounding rock during the following construction. The analysis results show that the surrounding rocks were generally stable during the initial four stages of excavation, and the main factors affecting their stability were blasts and unfavorable geological structures, including the lamprophyre vein and the F1 fault. These unfavorable geological structures also significantly decrease the mechanical parameters of surrounding rock as demonstrated by back analysis, and the stability prediction results show that the omnibus bar cave and the tailrace tunnel were at the greatest risk of instability during the subsequent excavations. This study provides a practical analysis for engineering excavation of the underground caverns.
Spatial decoupling of taxon richness, phylogenetic diversity, and threat status in the megagenus Erica
Authors: Pirie Michael , Bellstedt Dirk , Bouman Roderick , Fagúndez Jaime , Gehrke Berit , Kandziora Martha , Le Maitre Nicholas C. , Musker Seth , Newman Ethan , Nürk Nicolai , Oliver E.G.H. , Pipins Sebastian , van der Niet Timotheus , Forest Félix
Published: April 2024

Estimates of the number of vascular plant species currently under threat of extinction are shockingly high, with the highest extinction rates reported for narrow-range, woody plants, especially in biodiversity hotspots with Mediterranean and tropical climates. The large genus Erica is a prime example, as a large proportion of its 851 species, all shrubs or small trees, are endemic to the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Almost two hundred are known to be threatened and a further hundred are ‘Data Deficient’. We need to target conservation efforts and research to fill the most problematic knowledge gaps. This can be especially challenging in large genera, such as Erica, with numerous threatened species that are more or less closely related. One approach involves combining knowledge of phylogenetic diversity with that of IUCN threat status to identify the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) species. We present an expanded and improved phylogenetic hypothesis for Erica (representing 65% of described species diversity) and combine this with available threat and distribution data to identify species and geographic areas that could be targeted for conservation effort to maximise preservation of phylogenetic diversity (PD). The resulting 39 EDGE taxa include 35 from the CFR. A further 32 high PD, data deficient taxa are mostly from outside the CFR, reflecting the low proportion of assessed taxa outside South Africa. The most taxon rich areas are found in the south-western CFR. They are not the most phylogenetically diverse, but do include the most threatened PD. These results can be cross-referenced to existing living and seed banked ex situ collections and used to target new and updated threat assessments and conservation action.
Prototype Biodiversity Digital Twin: Honey Bees in Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Groeneveld Jürgen , Martinovič Tomáš , Rossi Tuomas , Salamon Ondrej , Sara-aho Kata , Grimm Volker
Published: April 2024

Honey bees are vital to human well-being and are under multiple stresses. We need to be able to assess the viability and productivity of honey bee colonies in different landscapes and under different management and climate change scenarios. We have developed a prototype digital twin, HONEYBEE-pDT, based on the BEEHAVE model, which simulates foraging, population dynamics and Varroa mite infestation of a single honey bee colony. The main input data are land cover maps and daily weather data. Users can run the pDT for a specific site or for larger areas, up to the whole of Germany. Hive weight data from hundreds of hives will be used for calibration and validation.
Prototype Biodiversity Digital Twin: Real-time bird monitoring with citizen science data
Authors: Lopez Gordillo Julian , Lauha Patrik , Lehtiö Ari , Nokelainen Ossi , Rahman Anis , Souza Allan , Talaskivi Jussi , Tikhonov Gleb , Vancraeyenest Aurélie , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: April 2024

Bird populations respond rapidly to environmental change making them excellent ecological indicators. Climate shifts advance migration, causing mismatches in breeding and resources. Understanding these changes is crucial to monitor the state of environment. Citizen science offers vast potential to collect biodiversity data. We outline a project that combines citizen science with AI-based bird sound classification. The mobile app records bird vocalizations that are classified by AI and stored for re-analysis. Also, it shows a shared observation board that visualizes collective classifications. By merging long-term monitoring and modern citizen science, this project harnesses both approaches’ strengths for comprehensive bird population monitoring.
Human Understanding is Expected of the Physician: Proposing a Model of Disease Development
Authors: Park Sang-Heum , Park Samel , Kim Jin Young , Lee Hyeon Ah , Lee Sang Mi , Lee Tae Hoon , Bae Sang Byung , Chang Sung Hae , Jang Si Hyong , Chun Sung Wan , Moon Jong Ho
Published: April 2024

In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, human understanding is emphasized as one of three necessary characteristics that a physician must have. Inflammation, which is caused by inflammatory inducers (inf-ids), is a fundamental feature of disease at the cellular and molecular levels. Inflammation protects the body, but excessive or prolonged inflammation can be damaging and can cause disease. Humans are repeatedly exposed to external and internal environmental factors that generate inf-ids throughout their lives. External environmental factors include microbial and non-microbial inf-ids, as well as stressors that inevitably arise during social interactions. Internal environmental factors include the adaptive physiological response that is present from birth. Inf-ids may also be produced by the four-step habit loop, which consists of a cue (e.g., stressor), emotions, routine act (adaptive response), and a reward. Immune cells in the circulatory system and in tissues may have positive and negative effects in inflammatory responses. However, low-grade inflammation may be difficult to detect. We propose a model of disease development that integrates external and internal environmental factors from the perspective of human understanding.
Corriger le roi. La doléance comme source de légitimation de la noblesse de Bohême dans la Chronique de Dalimil (vers 1309-1313)
Authors: Adde Éloïse
Published: April 2024

Cet article aborde la thématique de la plainte
politique par le biais de la Chronique de Dalimil, texte écrit comme
un programme politique en faveur de la noblesse de Bohême au début du
xive siècle. Dans ce texte, la doléance
apparaît comme la prérogative de la noblesse et comme un régulateur
des rapports de cette dernière avec le souverain. Par son biais, les
seigneurs dénoncent les dysfonctionnements et les injustices commises
par le roi. Se dessine alors une ligne de démarcation opposant le bon
gouvernement, dans lequel la plainte va jusqu’au duc/roi, au mauvais
gouvernement, dans lequel la formulation de la doléance est entravée,
contraignant les seigneurs à user d’expédients plus brutaux pour
obtenir justice. L’idée d’un contrat engageant le souverain et la
« communauté du royaume », entité abstraite limitée aux nobles qui
matérialisait la société politique, est au cœur du processus. Mais
c’est à la noblesse qu’il revient de veiller au respect du contrat et
d’intervenir si le souverain ne tient pas ses engagements.
La « voie des signatures » dans les doléances populaires (République de Genève, fin xviie-début xviiiie siècle)
Authors: Barat Raphaël
Published: April 2024

Dans la petite République de Genève, il est
possible pour les citoyens d’exprimer des doléances, ou «
représentations », qui doivent être remises aux quatre syndics, les
premiers magistrats de l’État, ou au procureur général, qui est censé
être la « bouche du peuple ». Mais les représentations signées posent
problème, peut-être parce qu’elles soulignent la force des
revendications émises, et sont donc perçues comme des marques
d’insolence par un gouvernement très aristocratique. Au tournant des
xviie et xviiie
siècles, trois moments où les citoyens ont recouru à la « voie des
signatures » permettent d’explorer cette frontière entre les formes
acceptées et celles considérées comme séditieuses de la doléance : en
1696, lorsque le maître-tailleur François Delachana remet une
représentation signée contre les réfugiés qui arrivent dans la ville
depuis la révocation de l’édit de Nantes ; en 1704 quand les citoyens
se mobilisent contre les nouvelles taxes sur les vins étrangers,
réclamant l’ouverture d’un registre où ceux qui sont favorables à
leurs demandes pourraient s’inscrire ; en 1707, quand le « brûlement »
de la représentation signée remise par le même Delachana inaugure la
première grande crise politique du xviiie
siècle, qui voit aussi émerger des projets très radicaux où la voie
des signatures serait utilisée dans une perspective de démocratie
directe.
A Systematic Review
Authors: Clark Sarah K. , Hunter Rebecca K.
Published: April 2024

This systematic literature review explored the intersection of elementary school social studies instruction and the disciplinary literacy framework. As educators seek ways to increase the quantity and quality of social studies instruction, it's important to teach students about the literacy practices implemented by professionals in the fields of history, economics, geography, and political science. Disciplinary literacy is an approach being recommended to help students develop critical thinking skills, content knowledge, and discipline-specific vocabulary, but little is known about its impact on student learning. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of empirical research published between 2013 and 2023. They identified types of texts and sources, disciplinary literacy practices, and teaching strategies and methods that teachers can use to teach students to develop these literacy tools. Findings indicate that there is benefit to teaching discipline-specific literacy practices. However, more research and studies that include student data and participant demographics are needed.
Nurturing the Writer Within
Authors: Brooks Benita R. , Hollas Tori , Coyne Jaime
Published: April 2024

Disciplinary literacy moves teachers away from teaching general reading and writing strategies to asking them what they can do to help their students learn in the unique ways that experts in their fields learn. At the heart of this study lies the notion of transformation. The study aims to understand how preservice mathematics teachers underwent a transformative process in terms of their roles as literacy educators and how they came to view themselves as writers and writing teachers. This chapter examines how preservice teachers in a middle grades field-based literacy methods course learned to use fiction and nonfiction picture books to teach writing. Data collection consists of critical reflections, pre-and post-writing identity questionnaires, completed course assignments, and interviews. A constant comparative method is used to analyze the data. The results of the questionnaires and reflections indicate that the use of fiction and nonfiction contemporary literature can help preservice mathematics teachers envision themselves as writers and writing teachers.
Disciplinary Literacy Professional Learning at Mountain Lake High
Authors: Kostreva Camriel I. , Brock Cynthia H.
Published: April 2024

This chapter begins by defining disciplinary literacy and explaining why it can be a powerful tool to support struggling readers and their content-area teachers. Then, the authors discuss and critique various literacy professional learning initiatives tried at Mountain Lake High School (pseudonym) prior to the current disciplinary literacy focus. After providing background information about how the disciplinary literacy initiative at Mountain Lake got started, a brief overview of the planning year (i.e., Year 1) for professional learning is presented. Next, work being enacted during Year 2 is discussed. Finally, the authors discuss potential next steps in the work at Mountain Lake High along with possible implications of this work for the broader field of literacy.
Sustaining a Globally Diverse Community Through a Time of Crisis
Authors: Stroble Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

This chapter describes how Wester University, a global university system, navigated the dimensions of crisis arising from recent pandemic conditions. Placing the university's strategies for sustainability in a broader context, the author considers the impact to students and institutions of threats to health and safety, economic disruption, and needed reckoning with issues of isolation, racism, and discrimination. The author reflects on the pandemic's effects on the accelerating threats to higher education's academic and business models, drawing insights from research and experience for rebuilding after crisis.
Supporting Academics to “Revive, Thrive, and Drive” During Times of Challenge and Uncertainty
Authors: Goff Wendy M. , New Robert
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in change across the world. The higher education academic workforce was largely ignored during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there has been little to no acknowledgement of the increased workload, extensive lockdowns, pivots to online learning, and the ‘business as usual' expectations that were thrust upon academics during this time. In this chapter, the authors use Aristotelian ethics, the concept of human flourishing, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to provide insight into how human resource in the higher education sector can be supported to recover and thrive amidst ongoing unprecedented global challenges and uncertainties. Drawing on VanderWeele's domains and pathways for human flourishing, the authors demonstrate how universities and colleges around the world can support their academic workforce to revive, thrive, and drive sustainability, productivity, economic growth, and recovery during times of challenge and uncertainty. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future directions and research.
Meeting the Future
Authors: Radi Sherihan
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of crises on higher education systems while examining the moderating effect of crisis management and its impacts on crises and higher education systems. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher collected data through an online survey. The study revealed that crises have a negative impact on higher education systems, while crisis management has a negative effect on crises and a positive impact on higher education systems. The study also found out that crisis management moderates the relationship between crises and higher education systems. Based on the results, the researcher presented recommendations for identifying and proactively preparing the next generation of leaders in education institutions to be able to enhance resilience and deal and react efficiently with any crisis that may occur.
Rebuilding Higher Education Systems Impacted by Crises
Authors: Rammbuda Mulatedzi Calvin
Published: April 2024

This chapter aims to compare and contrast the experiences and responses of three universities in Africa that have faced different forms of wars and conflicts. The chapter collected data through textual analysis using a qualitative comparative case study methodology. The study compared and contrasted the experiences and reactions of three African institutions that have dealt with various types of wars and conflicts using Savo Heleta's idea of higher education in post-conflict situations. The chapter also discovered that by promoting dialogue, critical thinking, social cohesion, and respect for human rights in the participating countries, higher education has significantly contributed to post-conflict reconstruction and peacebuilding. This chapter seeks to add to the body of knowledge on higher education in conflict-affected contexts and offer suggestions for improving the adaptability and value of higher education in these situations. As suggested in this chapter, governments should work together with a variety of stakeholders.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Healthcare
Authors: Joshi Vijay D. , Baral Sukanta Kumar , Pitke Manish , Dwyer Rocky J.
Published: April 2024

The present world and economy are driven by technological changes and innovation-keen individuals across all areas. Given the speed at which machine learning, AI, and deep learning have developed as of late, these new advances are without a doubt expected to influence how we live and work. One region where this worldview may stand apart today as well as in what is in store is the 'medical care and related management' that empowers the utilization of these technology-based tools and techniques to detect (identify), diagnose (conclude), handle information (processing of data), and examine (analysis of data) rapidly. The objective of this chapter is to provide the reader with an idea about the technological aspects (and their related components) involved in the healthcare services sector in India. This is specifically in the context of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector. This chapter outlines the fundamental ideas behind artificial intelligence (AI), as well as its various subtypes and medical-related applications.
Digital Healthcare Current Trends
Authors: Bisoyi Bhubaneswari , Nayak Biswajit , Das Biswajit
Published: April 2024

Cloud computing is an emerging and fast-growing technology in the field of healthcare industries. It provides a connected, accessible, and collaborative environment for all the stakeholders of the healthcare system. In the present time, health organizations are focusing towards increasing the quality of patient care or health information systems through digitalization. Despite several risks in implementation, compliance, availability, security, etc., cloud computing plays a major role in healthcare due to high storage capability, scalability, collaboration, and most importantly, provisioning of information when required without any delay. The performance of the healthcare system always depends on accessibility, sharing, storage, processing, and analysis of data. This chapter identifies the state of the research and identifies the established framework. This chapter addresses the different challenges and opportunities of adopting a cloud environment as well as related issues like privacy, security, and accountability.
Disease Monitoring and Management
Authors: Renugadevi R.
Published: April 2024

The world's top nations are working to find solutions to the complicated, multidimensional, and large-scale challenge of building smart cities. Control over critical aspects of the city's life cycle through computer technology and the ability to make wise operational decisions in an emergency are the two biggest benefits of a smart city. The digital transformation of healthcare, or the development of computerized clinics, communications, and intelligent systems for health monitoring and enhancing the quality of life of diverse population groups, is one of the main goals of creating a smart city. While IoT can improve human health, developing effective and safe data gathering methods for IoT healthcare monitoring systems still raises a number of restricting problems.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing
Authors: Bansal Ajit , Bansal Anu , Kumar Manish , Bajwa Sonia
Published: April 2024

How artificial intelligence (AI) develops has changed the character of today's corporate setting. Artificial intelligence is very useful in the marketing industry since it enhances efficiency. The objective of the chapter is to ascertain how AI affects marketing. Machine learning (ML) is a type of computational intellect that makes it possible for computers to analyze and comprehend data despite the need for direct programming. Additionally, machine learning facilitates effective problem-solving. The technique improves and gains accuracy and efficiency as more data enters it. Using a range of resources, notably Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and others, pertinent publications regarding artificial intelligence for marketing were located for this investigation. This chapter aims to analyze artificial intelligence's role in the field of advertising and marketing. The exact uses of AI in several marketing domains and their impact on the marketing industry are investigated. Lastly, important uses of AI towards marketing are mentioned and investigated.
Harmonizing AI and Human Interaction
Authors: Sarin Asheetu Bhatia , Sharma Shivangi
Published: April 2024

In this era of data-driven decision-making, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as the cornerstone of modern marketing strategies. With the help of AI, marketers can process a huge amount of data, carry out individualized sales, and fulfill customer expectations. In modern marketing, AI (artificial intelligence) plays a significant role in enhancing customer experiences, optimizing marketing strategies, and streamlining various processes. However, harmonizing AI with human interaction is crucial for a successful marketing approach. In this chapter, the authors have reviewed the whole concept of using artificial intelligence in marketing. It provides comprehensive details of the benefits of implementing AI in marketing, how AI is reshaping marketing, and the need for AI in marketing which is illustrated with real-world examples from different businesses. The chapter highlights the significance of AI integration with human interaction in modern marketing, the challenges, and potential implications.
The Role and Future of Metaverse in Travel Agencies
Authors: Yaşar Emre , Tür Erge , Yayla Eda , Alakuş Nesrin Aydın
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of this study is to discern the role of the metaverse, specifically within travel agencies, and to unveil potential future trends in this context. Through an empirical approach, the research aims to contribute valuable insights into the practical implications and applications of the metaverse within travel agencies, shedding light on its evolving significance in the tourism sector. In general, it is seen that the opinions of travel agency employees about Metaverse are positive. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Metaverse can make positive contributions to travel agency activities. It is also seen that the use of Metaverse may vary according to the profiles of the customers, but it is possible to provide a positive experience to the customers in general.
Editorial Note
Authors: Aslam M. S. M.
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
The Quality of transport of adult critically ill patients during inter hospital and intra hospital transfers in a tertiary care facility
Authors: Punchihewa D. G. , Perera H. S. S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Critically ill patients are in a dynamic and often precarious physiological state. Adverse events are frequently encountered during transfer of them. A prospective audit was conducted to assess the quality of inter and intra hospital transport of critically ill adults in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.Methodology: All adult critically ill patients transfer in and out to MICU and ETU Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura were studied for a period of three months. A questionnaire based on The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) guidelines utilized as it is the latest guideline available revised in 2019.Results: Out of 60 transfers analysed, serious adverse events such as cardiac and respiratory arrests were encountered.Conclusions: The overall quality of the transfer process was found to be suboptimal, necessitating proper training in defective areas.
Palliative Management of Tracheal Stenosis Caused by Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Transformed from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Jayasinghe N. , Ratnatunga K. , Udahapolage D. , Handagala S.
Published: April 2024

Tracheal stenosis due to invasion of thyroid malignancy is a rare entity. Management of the airway in such a patient is a critical step in palliative care. We discuss the successful management of tracheal stenosis due to anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in an 84-year-old female. There are several methods for airway management in tracheal stenosis. Self-expanding stent placement is a less invasive, efficient procedure for tracheal stenosis.
A giant intrapulmonary malignant teratoma - a rare case presentation
Authors: V Vinay , Munjal Sushil Kumar , Singh Kuljeet , Dubey Praveen Kumar , Sharma Deepak , Srivastava Alpana
Published: April 2024

Germ cell tumors such as teratomas are unusual and most commonly occur in the gonads. Extra-gonadal teratomas are rare, and the thorax, especially the mediastinum, is the commonly involved extra-gonadal site. Teratoma of the intrapulmonary region is rare and often involves the left upper lobe of the lung. In this report, we describe a case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with an intrapulmonary malignant teratoma arising from the left lower lobe. Teratomas emerging from the lungs present with vague symptoms like breathing difficulty, cough, and hemoptysis. We report this rare appearance of malignant intrapulmonary teratoma that originated from the left lower zone of the lung.
Thoracoscopic blood patch instillation for persistent air leak in pneumothorax: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Kedia Yash , Madan Manu , Kaushik Rajnish , Kumar Rohit , Mahendran AJ , Ish Pranav , Gupta Neeraj , Talukdar Tanmaya , Gupta Nitesh
Published: April 2024

Persistent air leaks in patients with pneumothorax can lead to significant morbidity. If a patient with persistent air leak is medically unfit for thoracic surgery, medical pleurodesis via chest tube or thoracoscopy is either an option. Thoracoscopy offers the advantage of visualizing the site of the air leak and enabling direct instillation of the pleurodesis agent or glue at that location. Autologous blood patch instillation via chest tube has been reported to be a cheap and very effective technique for the management of persistent air leaks. However, thoracoscopic blood patch instillation has not been reported in the literature. We report two cases of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in which patients had persistent air leaks for more than seven days and were subjected to thoracoscopy to locate the site of the leak. In the same sitting, 50 mL of autologous blood patch was instilled directly at the leak site. Post-procedure, the air leak subsided in both patients, and the chest tube was removed with complete lung expansion. We also conducted a systematic review of the use of medical thoracoscopic interventions for treating persistent air leaks.
A Self-learning Ability Assessment Method Based on Weight-Optimised Dfferential Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: The research on the method of cultivating college students' autonomous ability based on experiential teaching is conducive to college students' change of learning mode and learning thinking, improving the utilisation rate of educational resources, as well as the reform of education.OBJECTIVES: Addressing the current problems of unquantified analyses, lack of breadth, and insufficient development strategies in the methods used to develop independent learning skills in university students.METHODS: This paper proposes an intelligent optimisation algorithm for the cultivation of college students' independent learning ability in experiential teaching. Firstly, the characteristics and elements of college students' independent learning are analysed, while the strategy of cultivating college students' independent learning ability in experiential teaching is proposed; then, the weight optimization method of cultivating college students' independent learning ability based on experiential teaching is proposed by using the improved intelligent optimization algorithm; finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through experimental analysis.RESULTS: The results show that the proposed method has a wider range of culture effects.CONCLUSION: Addressing the problem of poor generalisation in the development of independent learning skills among university students.
Embedded Highway Health Maintenance System Based on Digital Twin Superposition Model
Authors: Lei Bijun , Li Rui , Huang Rong
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: The highway monitoring data acquisition technology develops quickly. Based on the traditional form of continuous monitoring, intelligent management system  focuses on digital and wireless transmission. In the operation of highway maintenance system, each system is independent of each other, lacking of effective connection. Moreover, the level of continuous monitoring is obviously backward, which restricts the development of highway health monitoring. It is necessary to further study the level of integration  to achieve the real-time tracking and the monitoring of highway’s healthy development.
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents a highway health maintenance system based on digital twin technology, which intends to provide a solution for efficient, stable and automatic data transmission of the highway operation and maintenance management.
METHODS: The output of the algorithm after the noise reduction effect is compared with the data containing the generated noise. The average number of nodes is set before running the algorithm to determine the actual length of the vertical position of the embedded sensor (calculating the position of two sensor nodes). The vertical length can be referred to the combined noise level formed and the combined test to determine the position. With the help of the overall data, it can be seen that the Kalman low-pass filtering algorithm can well describe the trend of the received signal and retain the key information in the received signal.
RESULTS: It proves that the algorithm in this paper has fast calculation speed and high efficiency, and the basic working principle is simple. Thus, it is a good data denoising solution.
CONCLUSION: The output in the paper ensures the data exchange and the update of the whole life cycle of highway, defines the digital twin entity model, and provides a reference for the establishment of information and data network.
Overlap between Osteosarcopenia and Frailty and their Association with Poor Health Conditions: The Bushehr Elderly Health Program
Authors: Shafiee Gita , Aryan Ali Sam , Maleki Birjandi Saba , Zargar Balajam Narges , Sharifi Farshad , Ostovar Afshin , Fahimfar Noushin , Nabipour Iraj , Larijani Bagher , Heshmat Ramin
Published: April 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of osteosarcopenia with frailty and poor health conditions among older Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Bushehr Elderly Health Program. Osteosarcopenia was defined as the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, while the Fried criteria were used to assess frailty. We assessed the history of falls and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS, respectively), history of fractures, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), as indicators of poor health conditions. Results: This study included a total of 2,371 older adults. The prevalence rates of osteosarcopenia-only, frailty-only, and osteosarcopenia with frailty were 17.4%, 3%, and 4.8%, respectively. The prevalence of a history of falls, poor ADL, and poor IADL was significantly higher in the frailty-only and osteosarcopenia with frailty groups. Osteosarcopenia with frailty was significantly associated with a history of falls (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR]=1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–3.15), poor ADL (adjOR=2.85; 95% CI, 1.81–4.50), and poor IADL (adjOR=5.09; 95% CI, 2.85–9.11). However, the frailty-only group also showed an association with falls and poor ADL and IADL. Only osteosarcopenia was associated with an increased OR for fracture. Frailty had the greatest effect on the MCS and PCS scores, whereas osteosarcopenia with frailty had a moderate impact. Conclusion: Osteosarcopenia with frailty significantly increased the odds of falls, poor ADL, poor IADL, and lower HRQoL compared with the robust group. Combined osteosarcopenia and frailty were not associated with poor health. These findings indicate the importance of diagnosing osteosarcopenia and frailty as separate entities to provide appropriate interventions and treatment.
Modified Squat Test for Predicting Knee Muscle Strength in Older Adults
Authors: Tapanya Weerasak , Sangkarit Noppharath , Manoy Pacharee , Konsanit Saisunee
Published: April 2024

Background: Methods for evaluating the strength of the knee extensor muscles play a vital role in determining the functionality of the lower limbs and monitoring any alterations that occur over time in older individuals. This study assessed the validity of the Modified Squat Test (MST) in predicting knee extensor muscle strength in older adults.Methods: This study included a total of 110 older adults. We collected demographic information such as sex, age, body weight, height, and thigh circumference. Muscle strength was assessed by measuring the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors, and by performing the MST (5 and 10 repetitions) and single-leg standing balance test. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate multiple factors impacting the prediction of knee extensor strength.Results: Factors such as age, sex, thigh circumference, performance on the single-leg standing eye-open (SSEO) task, and the time required to complete the 10 MST repetitions together explained 77.8% of the variation in knee extensor muscle strength among older adults. We further developed a predictive equation to calculate strength as follows: strength = 36.78 − 0.24 (age) + 6.16 (sex) + 0.19 (thigh circumference) + 0.05 (SSEO) − 0.54 (time required to complete 10 MST repetitions) ± 5.51 kg.Conclusion: The 10-repetition MST is an invaluable instrument for establishing an equation to accurately predict lower limb muscle strength.
“Is this the promised end?”; Travels with/in King Lear
Authors: Holland Peter
Published: April 2024

This article began as a paper for the Shakespeare Society of Southern Africa conference, “Shakespeare Towards an End” at Spier, Western Cape, South Africa in May 2023. In its revised form it still seeks to connect to the conference title. There are three types of journeys in King Lear: journeys away from (like Lear’s from Goneril to Regan); journeys towards (like almost everyone’s towards Dover); and journeys without destination (Gloucester’s “I have no way”). From the chaotic, imprecise, unmappable travels within the play, there is the possibility of charting the ways in which the play itself travels and what the ends (as aims) as well as end (as terminal) are that those charts might show, whether it be to Hull (Ben Benison’s Jack Lear), to Korea (Kim Myung-Gon’s King Uru) or to the United States (Theatre of War’s King Lear Project), or by tracking the journeys into our awareness of characters Shakespeare excluded but whose rethought inclusion serves to show what the play resists and how we might – even must – resist it.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN PROPORSIONAL SISWA
Authors: Yuliani Riantika , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Alfin Edward
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan penalaran proporsional siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP PGRI 2 Bogor Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif, yang melibatkan 27 siswa sebagai sampel. Instrumen tes kemampuan penalaran proporsional siswa yang digunakan sebanyak 6 soal. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan penalaran proporsional siswa adalah sebesar 48,46. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah Kemampuan penalaran proporsional siswa secara keseluruhan masih tergolong sedang dengan rata-rata skor yaitu 11,63 atau sebesar 48,46%. Kemampuan penalaran proporsional terukur dari indikator mengidentifikasi masalah dengan merumuskan perubahan multiplikatif (perkalian) yang memiliki rata-rata sebesar 5,52; mengidentifikasi perbandingan senilai maupun berbalik nilai memiliki rata-rata sebesar 2,74; dan menyelesaikan masalah melalui pengelompokkan atau penyatuan data memiliki rata-rata sebesar 3,37