bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TbFCl2: Das erste Fluoridchlorid der dreiwertigen Lanthanoide
Authors: Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas
Published: November 2007

TbFCl2: The First Fluoride Chloride of the Trivalent Lanthanoids

Single crystals of TbFCl2 (monoclinic, C2/c; a = 890.28(5), b = 581.56(3), c = 683.37(4) pm, β = 109.621(4)°; Z = 4) can be obtained by the reaction of TbCl3 and TbF3 under inert‐gas atmosphere in tantalum capsules (900 °C, 10 d) as colourless transparent lath‐shaped blocks. The crystal structure contains only one singular Tb3+ cation which is eightfold coordinated by two F− (d(Tb3+−F−) = 218 pm, 2×) and six Cl− anions (d(Tb3+−Cl−) = 280−287 pm) forming a distorted square antiprism. The F− anions are linear surrounded by two Tb3+ cations while the Cl− anions reside in a quasi‐planar coordination of three Tb3+ cations, therefore the Niggli formula for TbFCl2 has to be $^{3}_{\infty}\rm \{TbF_{2/2}Cl_{6/3}\}$. Terbium and fluorine form zigzag chains along the c axis that are not connected to each other and arrange like a hexagonal rod‐packing. These cationic chains $^{1}_{\infty}\rm \{[FTb_{2/2\prime}]^{2+}\}$ are mantled by Cl− anions which take care for the charge balance and the three‐dimensional cross‐linkage. The structural relationship of TbFCl2 with YF3‐type $\rm TbF_{3}( = ^{3}_{\infty}\rm \{Tb(F1)_{3/3}(F2)_{6/3}\})$ and PuBr3‐type $\rm TbCl_{3}( = ^{2}_{\infty}\rm \{Tb(Cl1)_{2/2}(Cl2)_{6/3}\})$ will also be discussed.
An Unusual Heterobimetallic Disiloxanediolate Cluster of Samarium(III)
Authors: Gießmann Stephan , Blaurock Steffen , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: November 2007

The reaction of samarium(II) diiodide with in situ prepared disodium‐1,1,3,3‐tetraphenyl‐1,3‐disiloxanediolate, [(Ph2SiONa)2O], afforded the unusual heterobimetallic samarium(III) disiloxanediolate cluster [Me3SiO{μ‐Na(THF)}3Sm{μ‐(Ph2SiO)2O}3Na(THF)] (1) in low yield. A single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination of 1 revealed the presence of a polycylic inorganic ring system in which the samarium atom is not only chelated by three [(Ph2SiO)2O]2− ligands but is also part of a SmNa3O4 heterocubane cage.
Oligosilane‐ and Oligosiloxane‐bridged Phosphines – Synthesis, Structures, and Metalation
Authors: von Hänisch Carsten
Published: November 2007

The range of molecular silicon phosphorus compounds has been extended by some new species containing oligosilane ((R2Si)n; n ≥ 2) or oligosiloxane ((R2SiO)mSiR2; m ≥ 1) fragments bound to phosphorus atoms. Primary and secondary compounds of these types allow for the synthesis of metal derivatives. Such metalated species usually form oligomers and exhibit a versatile structural chemistry with cyclic, polycyclic, and cage‐like patterns. The main results obtained in the field of oligosilane‐ and oligosiloxane‐bridged phosphines will be presented below and the structures of the metal derivatives will be discussed. Moreover, the synthesis of an inorganic ligand on the basis of siloxane‐bridged phosphines will be presented. This compound opens up a new chapter in host‐guest chemistry.
Surgery for Body Packing in the Caribbean: A Retrospective Study of 70 Patients
Authors: de Beer S. A. , Spiessens G. , Mol W. , Fa‐Si‐Oen P. R.
Published: November 2007

Background

Body packing is a way to deliver packages of drugs hidden in body cavities, across international borders. This may cause mechanical bowel obstruction and intoxication leading to emergency surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate pre‐, per‐ and postoperative characteristics of body packing and its complications and prognosis after surgery.

Methods

Medical information was obtained from 70 patients diagnosed with Body Packer syndrome who underwent surgery for body packing in the period of July 2001–July 2005 at the St. Elisabeth hospital, Curaçao, the Netherlands Antilles.

Results

Wound infection occurred in 32.9% and fascia dehiscence in 2.9%. Most procedures were enterotomies. One patient had a re‐laparotomy for Hartmann’s procedure because of an anastomotic leak and three other patients had a partial small bowel resection. The creation of a stoma was only needed in one patient. One patient died of postoperative DIC. In six patients packages were left behind, not requiring re‐operation.

Conclusions

Bowel obstruction and symptoms of intoxication are clear indications for surgery in body packing patients. In our study there was a low mortality and stoma placement rate, we did find a remarkable high amount of wound infection but no evidence for a higher incidence of fascia dehiscence in comparison with elective gastrointestinal surgery. In surgery for bodypacking a mandatory postoperative x‐ray is indicated. A prospective trial is needed to assess more information about possible predictive factors of postoperative complications and mortality after surgery for body packing.
Melting of Two-Dimensional Electron Crystal on Liquid 3He Induced by Resonance Microwave Absorption
Authors: Konstantinov D. , Kono K.
Published: November 2007

Microwave-resonance induced increase of magneto-resistivity σ
xx
−1
of the surface-state electrons (SSE) on liquid 3He is observed at low temperatures at which SSE crystallize into the Wigner solid (WS). At the resonance, the relative change of σ
xx
−1
of SSE in the solid phase is found to be several times of the corresponding change in the liquid phase measured under similar experimental conditions. We attribute this effect to melting of WS induced by electron heating which accompanies the microwave absorption. σ
xx
−1
is found to increase gradually with microwave power, which is rather different from the sharp resistivity increase induced by direct heating of the substrate in the absence of microwaves. The effect of microwave resonance-induced heating on the sliding of WS from the periodic surface deformation of liquid is also investigated.
NYARROH OF BANDASUMA, 1885–1914: A RE-INTERPRETATION OF FEMALE CHIEFTAINCY IN SIERRA LEONE
Authors: DAY LYNDA R.
Published: November 2007

This study examines Nyarroh, a woman chief situated at the cusp of colonial penetration in what is today southern Sierra Leone. Nyarroh ruled a large, strategically located town and its surrounding villages from about 1880 to 1914. The documents which outline her public life have not previously been explored, yet they reveal the flexibility of gendered notions of political power and leadership in the region. Her life story allows us to look backward to precolonial Mendeland and forward to the colonial era, to consider the extent to which women's leadership and prerogatives were maintained or re-invented through colonial penetration and the nascent colonial state.
GOLD MINING AND JULA INFLUENCE IN PRECOLONIAL SOUTHERN BURKINA FASO
Authors: WERTHMANN KATJA
Published: November 2007

The ‘Lobi’ region in what is today southern Burkina Faso is frequently mentioned in historical accounts of gold mining in West Africa. However, little is known about the actual location of the gold mines or about the way gold mining and trade were organized in precolonial times. This article points out that some previous hypotheses about precolonial gold mining, trade and the sociopolitical organization of this region are flawed, partly because ‘Lobi’, as the name for both the region and its inhabitants, is misleading. In fact, the references to ‘Lobi’ merge two distinct gold-producing zones along the Mouhoun river, about 200 km from each other. The present-day populations of southern Burkina who have settled there since the eighteenth century do not know who was mining gold prior to their arrival, and many of them have not been involved in gold mining at all due to conceptions of gold as a dangerous substance.
Mesenchymal cell atypicality in inflammatory polyps
Authors: Klenoff Bruce H. , Goodman Max L.
Published: November 2007

Excised nasal polyps should be examined histologically for classification as to aetiological process. Recently a ‘pseudosarcomatous’ change was reported in nasal polyps. We reviewed one hundred excised polyps for mesenchymal atypicality and found a wide degree of mesenchymal atypicality in the majority of nasal polyps.

Nasal and choanal inflammatory polyps are the most frequent nasal masses which the otolaryngologist has to treat. Surgical excision is frequently required to alleviate the nasal symptoms of polyps unresponsive to medical therapy. Excised nasal polyps should be examined histologically for classification as to possible aetiological mechanisms and to rule out neoplastic lesions (Shea, 1947).

Smith, Echevarria, and McLelland (Smith, 1974) recently described ‘pseudosarcomatous changes’ in nasal polyps. This stimulated us to investigate our inflammatoru nasal polyps for these histological changes. Casual observations demonstrated an impressive number of inflammatory polyps with varying amounts of atypical mesenchymal stroma cells. To quantitate these alterations, we reviewed the histological slides from one hundred patients with excised inflammatory polyps and the results are the subject of this report.
Neonatal respiratory distress
Authors: Tulloch J. F. Camilla , Mcfarlane J. M.
Published: November 2007

Infants born with micrognathia and glossoptosis may present as a grave emergency, with recurrent bouts of respiratory distress and cyanosis. The management of this condition is discussed, with particular reference to conservative measures. A new cradle has been designed to facilitate the management of these children during the neo-natal period.
Fibrosarcoma in the thyroid gland: recurrence treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Berthelsen Anne
Published: November 2007

A CASE of sarcoma of the thyroid gland in a 38-year-old woman is presented. The patient developed a large tumour in the neck within a year after an uncomplicated thyroidectomy. Biopsy from the tumour showed fibrosarcoma. The patient received irradiation to the neck given in two series and is alive 30 years after radiotherapy and without progression of the disease.
An evaluation of the use of scanning and transmission electronmicroscopy in a study of the gentamicin-damaged guinea-pig organ of Corti
Authors: Harpur E. S. , Bridges J. B.
Published: November 2007

Scanning electronmicroscopy and transmission electronmicroscopy were used to study the normal and gentamicin-damaged guinea-pig organ of Corti. Scanning electronmicroscopy was principally used to locate the lesion and quantify the cell loss but also permitted a detailed study to be made of the degenerative surface changes. However, since consistent surface changes are not seen until intracellular degeneration has progressed to a great extent, scanning electronmicroscopy is not a suitable technique for identifying early degenerative changes in the sensory cells of the organ of Corti. Consequently, before conclusions may be drawn about the absence of pathological changes in the neuro-epithelium it also should be examined using transmission electron-microscopy.
Internal cysts and fistulae of branchial origin
Authors: Boysen M. E. , De Besche A. , Djupesland G. , Thorud E.
Published: November 2007

CYSTS and fistulae related to the second and third pharyngeal pouches are described. These anomalies probably occur more often than presumed. Unilateral recurring infections of the tonsillar region, including parapharyngeal abscess, may be caused by anomalies related to the second pouch. Third pouch anomalies are located in the piriform recess. Cysts may reach a size that causes obstruction to the larynx and hypopharynx, while diverticulae cause few symptoms.
Fibro-osseous lesions of the cranio-facial bones
Authors: Boysen M. E. , Olving J. H. , Vatne K. , Koppang H. S.
Published: November 2007

A BRIEF review of cranio-facial fibro-osseous lesions in given and 15 cases of fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma are presented with clinical, radiological and histomorphological findings. After histological verification of the fibro-osseous nature of the process, 5 lesions were diagnosed on a radiological basis as fibrous dysplasia exhibiting diffuse (blending) margins, while the diagnosis of ossifying fibroma was given to 10 radiologically sharply-demarcated lesions. Both groups of lesions presented the same histomorphological features, although to a varying degree. Spheroidal calcifications, however, were identified in ossifying fibroma only, but not in all of these. Thus, the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia versus ossifying fibroma rests on a radiological creiterion after the histopathologist has verified the fibro-isseiys nature of a lesion. The observation times varied from 1 ½ to 34 years. Two cases of fibrous dysplasia and 3 cases of ossifying fibroma recurred. In one case of fibrous dysplasia an osteosarcoma developed 33 years after irradiation. Pain was a common symptom in the present material.
Carcinoma of the palatine tonsil co-existing with tuberculosis
Authors: Raman R. , Kuruvilla A. , Bakthaviziam A.
Published: November 2007

A CASE of carcinoma and tuberculosis occurring together in the palatime tonsil is reported. The relevant literature on the association of these two diseases has been reviewed.
Immediate effects of intravenous tobramycin and gentamicin on human cochlear function
Authors: Ramsden Richard T. , Wilson Peter , Gibson William P. R.
Published: November 2007

Immediate electrocochleographic changes have been studied in a series of patients following intravenous infusion of either tobramycin or gentamicin. In patients receiving tobramycin, as soon as peak serum levels of antibiotic were reached, a dramatic decrease occurred in the magnitude of the compound VIII nerve action potential (AP), and of the cochlear microphonic (CM). The shape of the AP also changed. The N1component of the waveform became very small, and N2increased in size; this is the dissociated pattern of basal coil cochlear damage. The speed of onset of these electrical changes and their apparent reversibility suggests a temporary metabolic block caused by tobramycin. No such changes were observed following infusion of gentamicin.
Clindamycin in treatment of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media in children
Authors: Brook Itzhak
Published: November 2007

Tympanocentesis was performed in 28 pediatric patients with chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media. The purulent aspirate was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes only were isolated from 4(14·3 per cent) patients; five (17·9 per cent) had only anaerobes and 19 (67·8 per cent) had both aerobes and anaerobes. There were 36 aerobic isolates. P. aeruginosa was recovered in 16 patients. Other aerobes commonly recovered included Proteus sp. and S. aureus. There were 38 anaerobes isolated. Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 23 instances. Eleven Bacteroides sp. were recovered, including 4 B. fragilis group and 5 B. melaninogenicus. All of the patients were treated with clindamycin in a dose of 30 to 40 mg per kilogram per day divided into 3 dosages for a total period of 14 to 21 days (average 17 days). When Gram-negative enteric aerobic rods were also recovered in substantial numbers, an aminoglycoside (gentamicin) was added to the therapy (in 12 patients) and administered parenterally for 7 to 10 days. The patients' response to the therapy was excellent in 7 cases, good in 9, fair in 3 and poor in 9. There were no diarrhea episodes or colitis noted and there were no other sideeffects due to the therapy. The above findings demonstrate the polymicrobial etiology of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media and suggest that medical treatment directed against the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from the patients' ear aspirates could eradicate the infection completely in more than half of the cases.
A simple technique to prevent stenosis of the tracheostoma after total laryngectomy
Authors: Isshiki Nobuhiko , Tanabe Masahiro
Published: November 2007

Stenosis of the tracheostoma after total laryngectomy can be prevented by the addition of a simple Y-incision to the U-incision for total laryngectomy. This technique ensures a wide stoma, eliminating the need of tracheal cannulation even immediately after surgery
Inner ear pathology in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
Authors: Igarashi Makoto , King Austin I. , Schwenzfeier C. Willy , Watanabe Tsuneo , Alford Bobby R.
Published: November 2007

This temporal bone report describes the inner ear deformities which were found in addition to the bony pathology in a case of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita. The labyrinthine pathology includes anomalously positioned and enlarged vestibular spaces, the existence of a scala communis (on one side) and the existence of hematoxylin dark-stained material in the basal zone of the stria vascularis.

The appearance of temporal bone reports of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita is sporadic. Friedmann (1974)described changes in the bony capsule in one case of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita Zajtchul and Lindsay(1975)reported three cases of the congenital form of osteogenesis imperfecta with their temporal bone findings. Within recent years, Altmann reported three cases in 1962, Bretlau and Jorgensen reported one case in 1969, Bergstrom and others reported one case in 1972, and Bergstrom described the temporal bone findings in four infants in 1977. The pathologic description of the temporal bone in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita has been focused more or less on the structures of the bony labyrinth and the middle ear ossicles, with a brief description of the inner ear. In this report, we describe anomalous inner ear structures in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita.
Mastoidectomy for chronic serous otitis media
Authors: Newberg Lewis B.
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this paper is to show that satisfactory results following mastoidectomy can be obtained for the problem of chronic serous otitis. The success of the simple mastoid operation or mastoidectomy with facial recess approach and the subsequent increased aeration of the mastoidantral-attic-middle-ear complex is to be suggested when the repeated use of myringotomy tubes alone is not the answer to chronic serous otitis. It is chronic negative pressure due to eustachian tube dysfunction that leads to irreversible mastoid disease.

Seven cases of mastoidectomy for chronic serous otitis media are presented. All cases had adequate conservative medical and surgical treatment over a period of years for chronic serous otitis before mastoidectomy was considered. The clinical history, as well as lateral mastoid X-ray, was used in diagnosing irreversible mastoid disease.
The evaluation of vertigo and the electronystagmogram
Authors: Salman Salah D.
Published: November 2007

A four-year experience in a Vestibular Clinic led the author to the unconventional opinion that the ENG does not often make a significant contribution in the routine evaluation of patients with vertigo or dizziness. A good history by the doctor is usually enough to make a diagnosis. Audiometry and office ice calorics are done routinely. More sophisticated tests are done if judged necessary.

Around 10 per cent of the 300 consecutive cases seen at the clinic had no diagnosis. An ENG on these did not prove to be of help in making a diagnosis or getting closer to one.

This paper is an invitation to good clinical and synthetic judgement in days when more and more responsibility is delegated to sophisticated equipment.
Vocal cord polyps: Incidence, histology and pathogenesis
Authors: Kambič Vinko , Radšel Zora , Žargi Miha , Ačko Martin
Published: November 2007

On the basis of clinical and histologic examination, history and epidemiologic survey of 591 patients with vocal cord polyps, the authors evaluate the morphology of the pathologic substrate, indicate possible pathogenesis and analyse the most frequent factors in the formation of polyps such as vocal abuse and unfavourable microclimate at work. Sex does not play any role in the incidence, and the histologic structure is not related to the time factor.
Eighth nerve alcoholic neuropathy: A case report with light and electron microscopic findings
Authors: Ylikoski Jukka S. , House John W. , Hernandez Ibrahim
Published: November 2007

A 55-year-old man with symptoms of hearing loss, balance disturbance, and facial weakness was treated by translabyrinthine eighth cranial nerve trans-section. The patient also had a history and physical signs of chronic alcoholism and peripheral polyneuropathy. Results of laboratory tests revealed concomitant nutritional deficiency. Histopathological examination of the eighth nerve showed extensive degeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in both cochlear and vestibular divisions. Light and electron microscopic features of the degenerative process were compatible with previously described pathology of experimentally induced Wallerian-like degeneration. Alcoholic neuropathy as the cause of hearing loss and balance disturbance—and probably facial paresis—is suggested.
Posterior meatal wall reconstruction in tympanoplasty
Authors: Vase P. , Larsen B. I. , Walter B.
Published: November 2007

An operative method is described which has been employed in 41 cases of severe chronic otitis media. The posterior meatal wall was removed and reconstructed during the same operation, following cleansing of the middle-ear cavity and ossiculoplasty. Either autograft bone (previously removed from the meatal wall) or homograft cartilage was employed for the reconstruction. All the ears were found to be dry at the follow-up examination after an average or 28 months, but 18 per cent had reccurrence of the cholesteatoma. A SRT improvement of 5–30 db. was observed in 78 per cent, and in 21 per cent a deterioration of between 0 and 10 db. The method provides a good field of vision of the middle-ear cavity and in no cases was rejection of the re-implanted material observed.
‘Benign’ fibrous histiocytoma of the trachea
Authors: Gonzalez-Campora R. , Matilla A. , Sanchez-Carrillo J. J. , Navarro A. , Galera H.
Published: November 2007

Fibro-Histiocytic neoplasms are uncommon in the respiratory tract. This paper presents a clinical and histological description of a case of fibrous histiocytoma at the level of the third tracheal ring. This case shares some features with the four cases previously described, viz., the growth occurs mainly in young adults; recurrences are common; and all have shown similar benign histological patterns. Ultrastructural investigations confirmed the fibro-histiocytic nature of the neoplasm.
Tracheal stenosis: Repair with nasal septum: A case report
Authors: Porte H. E.
Published: November 2007

Post-Traumatic upper tracheal stenosis in an 18-year old male treated by in-lay graft of nasal septal cartilage with attached mucosa.
Post-operative ear canal volume measurements
Authors: Ojala K. , Sorri M. , Sipilä P.
Published: November 2007

Post-operative volume determinations have been made of the ear canals of 93 chronic ears operated on radically (removing the bony posterior meatal wall at operation, obliterating the surgical cavity by musculoperiosteal flap, and reconstucting the meatus, by soft-tissue only in 81 ears, or by cortical bone chips and soft tissue in 12 ears), and of 30 normal ears, using a liquied-filling method and by determining the compliance of the ear canal at a pressure of +200 mm. H2O.

The liquid-filling method gave more exact results than did the impedance measureemnts, and the results of the later showed more dispersion in all groups of ears. In 51 ears without post-operative cavities and reconstructed without bone chips, the mean value of the ear canal volume was 0.9 ml. by the liquid-filling method, and 1.5 ml, by the compliance method (p<0.001). The corresponding values for 30 ears with post-operative cavities, but without bony reconstruction of the meatus, were 1.5 ml. and 1.9 ml. (p<0.01). The values were 0.9 ml. and 1.2 ml. in 12 ears with posterior canal walls reconstructed with bone chips (p<0.01), and 0.8 ml. and 1.0 ml. in 39 normal ears (p<0.001).
The liquid method seems to be a very exact method, but quite trouble-some in routine clinical use; the compliance method is suitable in most ears in which there has been bony reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall, but not in ears in which the posterior ear canal wasll has been reconstructed with solft tissues only, because the soft posterior meatal wall was mobile at +200 mm. H2O pressure.
A controlled study of the reliability of pure tone audiometry for the detection of gentamicin auditory toxicity
Authors: Davey P. G. , Jabeen F. J. , Harpur E. S. , Shenoi P. M. , Geddes A. M.
Published: November 2007

Hearing changes in patients treated with gentamicin have been prospectively investigated. A group of patients who had a similar spectrum of clinical conditions but did not receive gentamicin have been studied as a control group. The audiometric technique was first validated by recording audiograms from health volunteers, once in an anechoic chamber and twice in a ward. It was concluded that changes in threshold <20 db. should not be regarded as significant when measured in a ward.

In the gentamicin-treated group an initial audiogram was not a reliable measure of the patient's normal hearing because of the influence of their clinical condition. Twenty-one of the control patients were elective admissions to hospital and had their hearing first tested when they were clinically well. There was a 24 per cent incidence of unexplained hearing abnormalities—similar to the incidence of hearing loss in the gentamicin-treated group at follow-up. It was concluded that aminoglycoside auditory toxicity should not be assessed retrospectively.

The incidence of hearing changes in the control and gentamicin-treated groups were similar. Possible causes of hearing loss in surgical patients are discussed and recommendations are made for the conduct of future studies of drug-induced auditory toxicity.
The effects of fibrin tissue adhesive on the middle ear
Authors: Katzke D. , Pusalkar A. , Steinbach E.
Published: November 2007

This study investigated the effects of fibrin glue (‘Tissucol’, Immuno Pty. Ltd.) in the middle and inner ear. Small amounts of the adhesive were used in 36 operations performed on 18 rabbits. The light microscopic examination of these ears four, eight and 12 weeks after surgery showed that the adhesive was well tolerated and that it did not have any toxic effecton on the middle ear or membranous labyrinth. The fibrin tissue adhesive can therefore safely be used to facilitate reconstructive middle-ear surgery and, with the aid of fasic, also for the closure of labyrinthine fistulae; or to achieve a definite seal of the oval window niche after stapes surgery.
The relationship of adenoid weight to tonsillar weight
Authors: Stearns M.
Published: November 2007

Nearly 70 percent of contemporary ENT consultants perform adenoidectomy as a routine when removing the tonsils. It has been stated in the literature that adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy tend to co-exist and so a study was set up to investigate this hypothesis, with the possible that it may be of diagnostic importance. A series of 45 children admitted for the operations of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was investigated. No correlation was found between adenoid weight and tonsil weight. In view of this, it was concluded that tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy do not necessarily co-exist and that tonsil size cannot be used to predict adenoid size.
Macroscopic bony deficiency of the tegmen tympani in adult temporal bones
Authors: Lang D.V.
Published: November 2007

Bony deficiency of the tegmen tympani has been found in cases of fatal intracranial complifications following air insufflation of the middle ear.

This study set out to discover the incidence and appearance of such deficiencies. Sevently bones were examined and twenty per cent of them had tegmental deficiencies. There was no evidence of erosive disease in any of the bones.

Reverse Politzerization following myringotomy has come to be regarded as a potentially dangerous procdure. It is also possible for infection to spread from the middle ear to the meninges, or for C.S.F. to leak into the middle ear from above.
Complications of the ‘Treatment’ of Tonsillar infection by traditional healers in Nigeria
Authors: Olu Ibekwe A.
Published: November 2007

Traditional healers in Nigeria attempt to treat tonsillar infections either by performing unulectomy with a sickle knife or by digital rupture of the tonsil. These procedures result in various complications, including haemorrhage, septicaemia, cellulitis of the neck, peritonsillar and parapharyngeal abscess, upper airway obstruction, and pharyngo-larygocele with pneumothorax. These complications are illustrated with case reports. The danger of encouraging traditional healers to practise unsupervised and unscientific medicine is stressed.
Unilateral immediate tonsillectomy as the treatment of peritonsillar abscess: Results, with special attention to pharyngitis
Authors: Christensen Per-Henrik , Schønsted-Madsen Ulf
Published: November 2007

The results of unilateral immediate tonsillectomy, as the routine treatment of peritonsillar abscess, were studies in 47 patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis. The follow-up was carried out between three and four years after operation.

The incidence of tonsillitis in the contralateral tonsil remained unchanged and peritonsillar abscess did not occur in that tonsil. Symptoms of pharyngitis, periodic or chronic, were present in three patients only. This was found to be significantly lower than that found in the literature in a similar group of patients in whom bilateral immediate tonsillectomy had been performed.

The results are discussed and the authors recommend unilateral immediate tonsillectomy in cases of peritonsillar abscess in all patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis, as this apparently prevents the troublesome side-effects of chronic pharyngitis.
Schistosomiasis in otorhinolaryngology: review of the literature and case report
Authors: Manni Hans J. , Lema Peter N. , van Raalte Johannes A. , Westerbeek Geert F.
Published: November 2007

Manifestations of schistosomiasis in otorhinolaryngology are rare. A review of the literature revealed only four cases.

The purpose of this paper is to document the second case of schistosomiasis of the larynx.
Comparative crystallography of vertebrate otoconia
Authors: Rosauer Elmer A. , Redmond James R.
Published: November 2007

Otoconial material was obtained from a number of vertebrates to determine the CaC03 polymorph present. Otoconia and otoliths from bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles are primarily aragonitic; those from birds and mammals are calcitic. This paper summarizes data from all other investigators as well as presenting new data, particularly pertaining to reptiles. The significance, if any, of the relationship between taxonomic group and carbonate polymorph remains an intriguing question.
Mucocoeles of the maxillary antrum Description, case reports and review of the literature
Authors: East David
Published: November 2007

Mucocoeles of the maxillary antrum extensie enough to cause local bone destruction appear to be extremely rare. Such a case is reported with the appropriate pathological and radiological findings. Perusal of the literature suggests that this condition, unlike mucocoeles arising in other sinuses, may closely mimic a carcinoma and all authors stress the necessity for Caldwell-Luc surgery to be certain of the diagnosis. Som and Shugar (1980) describe features visible on CT scanning which may help to differentiate between mucocoeles, pyocoeles and carcinomata. In spite of the relatively high incidence of cysts of the antrum, it is thought unlikely that mucocoeles in this location would arise from such a cyst; indeed it is likely that all mucocoeles arise from blockage of the outflow tract of the appropriate sinus. There is a high incidence of maxillary sinus mucocoele in Japan following Caldwell-Luc surgery (Hasegawaet al., 1979). Noyek and Zizmor (1976) suggest that compartmentalization of the autrum after operation may leave islands of mucosa without drainage; such a collection my give rise to a mucocoele.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis—treatment with hyalase
Authors: Kakar P. K. , Puri R. K. , Venkatachalam V. P.
Published: November 2007

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a disease of unknown etiology. A total of 96 patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis have received four regimens of treatment–local dexamethasone, local hyaluronidase, local combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase, and local placental extract. The patients were followed up for a period varying from 3 months to 2 years. The group of patients receiving hyaluronidase alone showed quicker improvement in symptoms although its combination with dexamethasone gave somewhat better longer-term results. A new regimen for the treatment of submucous fibrosis is recommended.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a well-known clinical entity, known since the time of Sushurta. In the modern literature, this condition was first reported by Schwartz (1952). Joshi (1953) was the first person to describe this entity in India.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis has been defined as an insidious chronic disease of unknown etiology, reported mainly in Indians, and affecting the entire oral cavity. The basic change is a fibro-elastotic transformation of the connective tissue in the lamina propria preceded by vesicle formation. In its later stages the oral mucous membrane becomes stiff and the patient suffers from trismus and resultant difficulty in eating (Pindborg and Sirsat, 1966).

The present paper deals with our experience in the management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis over the past 21/2 years.
Juvenile Menière's disease
Authors: Filipo Roberto , Barbara Maurizio
Published: November 2007

The authors report their experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Menière's disease in childhood.

They believe it to be essential to carry out a complete battery of audio-vestibular tests, with particular reference to dehydration procedures, which in this age group are considered to be more significant for a correct diagnosis than in adults.

After stressing the importance of eliminating other forms of disease which manifest themselves with vertigo, the authors conclude by asserting the efficacy of medical treatment with diuretics and they support the surgical procedure of endolymphatic-mastoid drainage as a valid means of contending with the hydrops.
A clinical comparison of the results of two different methods of closing tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Mendel L. , Kuylenstierna R.
Published: November 2007

Abstract A series of myringoplasties is presented and those cases that did not heal perfect are discussed.

In order to evaluate whether some changes in the technique could further improve the results, another series incorporating these changes was operated after and the results are presented. Differences in healing and post-operative hearing between the two groups of patients are evaluated.
Facial palsy following stapedectomy
Authors: Zohar Y. , Laurian N.
Published: November 2007

A case of peripheral facial palsy which appeared 8 days following ipsilateral stapedectomy, was diagnosed as Bell's palsy.

We stress the uncommon coincidence of the two events and the important implications in the treatment of a palsy appearing after middle ear surgery.

Bell's palsy is an unusual but real possibility which should be borne in mind before deciding on extended surgical exploration.
Primary chondroid chordoma arising from the base of the temporal bone
Authors: Hasegawa M. , Nishijima W. , Watanabe I. , Nasu M. , Kamiyama R.
Published: November 2007

A 36-year-old male with a primary chondroid is presented. This tumour arose from the base of the temporal bone and extended to the mastoid cavity. It involved the facial nerve and was adherent to the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery. The tumour was excised and the patient has been carefully followed up for 10 years. He has shown no evidence of local recurrence, intracranial extension of the residual tumour and distant metastasis.
The elongated styliod process as a cause of throat discomfort
Authors: Lindeman Pontus
Published: November 2007

Pain in the neck, radiating towards the ear, together with a foreign body sensation in the throat is a common complaint. A less common finding upon physical examination is an elongated styloid process, palpable in the tonsillar fossa and provoking the symptoms for which the patient is seeking medical advice. The diagnosis of this so-called Eagle's sundrome is described and the case history and treatment of four patients are presented.
Middle-ear lipoma presenting as airways obstruction:
Authors: Stegehuts H. R. , Guy A. M. , Anderson K. R.
Published: November 2007

We report a case of a lipoma arising in the middle ear of a 64-year-old woman and extending down the eustachian tube to cause acute airways obstruction. The lipoma arose coinciden-tally after a stapedectomy operation and caused apparent late failure of the operation. A review of the literature revealed no similar cases.
A controlled study of the suppression of tinnitus by lidocaine infusion: (Relationship of therapeutic effect with serum lidocaine levels)
Authors: Perucca E. , Jackson P.
Published: November 2007

The relationship between serum lidocaine levels and tinnitus relief was assessed in 5 patients during intermittent intravenous infusions of the drug. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in that neither the attending physician nor the patient was aware of whether active drug or placebo was being infused at any particular time. A significant relationship between serum level and effect was observed in two patients. In the remaining patients this relationship was not readily apparent but there was still a trent for a better response to be seen at higher levels. A satisfactory response was generally seen at levels above 1 μg/m1. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the transient nature of the symptomatic relief caused by lidocaine is related ot the fast clearance of the drug from the body.
Perilymph fistula
Authors: Flood Liam M. , Fraser J. Graham , Hazell Jonanthan W. P. , Rothera Michael P.
Published: November 2007

The phenomenon of a position-dependent fluctuation of hearing loss, in patients subsequently found to have perilymphatic fistula, is reported. Eleven patients with rupture of the oval or round windows of the labyrinth showed a lowering of thresholds on audiometry after lying horizontally for 30 minutes with the affected ear uppermost. It is suggested that air had entered the membranous labyrinth, interfered with transmission of footplate vibration to the perilymph column, and was displaced by this manoeuvre to produce a small, measurable, hearing gain, The diagnostic and prognostic significance of this finding is discussed.
Nasal fractures in children: influence on the development of the nose
Authors: Grymer Luisa F. , Gutierrez Carolina , Stoksted Poul
Published: November 2007

Fifty-seven patients between the ages of zero and 16 years, treated for nasal fractures during childhood by means of closed reduction, have been subjected to follow-up examination after development of the nose has ceased. These patients have been compared to a control group of 50 persons without any known nasal trauma. No difference was found between the two groups with regard to functional complaints, but deviations of the osseous and cartilaginous pyramid, humps and sáddle formations, as well as spine formations and deviations of the septum, were particularly prevalent in the fracture group. Crista formation and angulation were found to be equally frequent in both groups. The findings are discussed.
Metastatic tumours of the temporal bone
Authors: Belal A.
Published: November 2007

Metastatic tumours of the temporal bone seem to be more common than is recognized. Most of these tumours are microscopic and asymptomatic in nature. Microscopic examination of 22 temporal bones belonging to 13 cases of metastatic tumours is reported. The commonest site of involvement in the temporal bone was the petrous apex followed by the tegmen tympani, mastoid bone and internal auditory canal. Primary tumours were most commonly located in the breast. Other sites of primary tumours included the thyroid gland, brain, lungs, prostate and blood (leukaemia). Two cases had undetermined sites of origin. Full neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every case suspected of having a temporal bone metastasis. All three modalities (of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) are used in combination for the treatment of these tumours.
Tuberculous laryngitis—a one year harvest
Authors: Gertler R. , Ramages L.
Published: November 2007

We present nine patients with tuberculous laryngitis seen in our otolaryngology out-patient department during the year of 1983. Four patients were previously diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and were receiving or had received treatment for the complaint prior to our consultation. Of the nine patients, eight had positive chest X-rays for pulmonary tuberculosis. Three patients were known to have positive sputum results; in three patients the result was not known, whilst in the remaining three patients the result was recorded as negative. Biopsies done on four patients were compatible with the diagnosis of tuberculous laryngitis. Two of these four were undisputedly confirmed by the presence of Acid-fast Bacilli on histological sections. Two patients demonstrated permanent structural derangement of the larynx as end-result manifestations. The incidence, site and appearance of the lesions, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Multiple acinic cell carcinoma
Authors: Gustafsson H. , Carlsöö B.
Published: November 2007

A case is presented of multiple acinic cell carcinoma, occurring synchronously in the left parotid gland and in the right submaxillary gland of a 75-year-old male patient. Fourteen cases of primary multiple acinic cell carcinoma have previously been reported, all bilateral parotid gland tumours. To our knowledge this is the first report of extraparotid localization of an acinic cell carcinoma in a patient presenting multiple salivary gland tumours. The histologic and ultrastructural characteristics of the tumours are described and a review of the literature is given.
Multiple salivary calculi in Wharton's duct
Authors: Tepan M. G. , Rohiwal R. L.
Published: November 2007

Multiple salivary calculi in Wharton's duct are rare, particularly in children; indeed, we have not come across any references to this particular condition in children.
Surgical salvage in postcricoid cancer
Authors: Jones P. H. , Farrington W. T. , Weighill J. S.
Published: November 2007

Twenty-one total pharyngo-laryngectomies have been performed at the Manchester Royal Infirmary between 1968 and 1982. A variety of methods of repair have been used, gastric transposition being the most common. Seventeen patients had received previous radiotherapy to the area, fourteen radical, two palliative and one to a supraglottic carcinoma 12 years before. Four had tumours judged to be too large to benefit from radiotherapy.

Of the patients who received radiotherapy, fourteen had a good response with palliation for an average of ten months before symptoms began to return.

Four patients survived over five years post-operatively and ten died following surgery.
The use of free tissue transfer in reconstruction following head and neck tumour resection
Authors: Framption M. C. , Breach N. M. , Archer D. J. , Shaw H. J.
Published: November 2007

Forty four free vascularised tissue flaps have been used in the reconstruction of defects arising following the treatment of malignant disease of the head and neck in 42 patients over the period January 1983 to September 1984. The uses of free flaps and their advantages and disadvantages when compared with other methods of reconstruction are described.
Salivary duct adenocarcinoma: a high grade malignancy
Authors: Hui Kathleen K. , Batsakis John G. , Luna Mario A. , MacKay Bruce , Byers Robert M.
Published: November 2007

Salivary duct carcinomas of the major salivary glands have two major distinguishing features. They closely resemble ductal carcinomas of the breast and they are high-grade malignancies. In general, but particularly for carcinomas measuring three or more centimeters in size, the clinical course is one characterized by a resistance to local control, metastases to regional lymph nodes and distant sites, and death within a few years after primary surgical treatment.
Oral-pharyngeal histoplasmosis
Authors: Sooknundun Mukhesh , Kacker S. K. , Kapila K.
Published: November 2007

Histoplasmosis is a rare disease in India. We are reporting this disease in a middle-aged non-Caucasian male who has never travelled outside India. Successful treatment was achieved with the nephrotoxic anti-mycotic drug (Amphotericin B), despite a pre-existing renal impairment.
Tracheo-oesophageal ‘Puncture Speech’
Authors: Cheesman A. D. , Knjight J. , McIvor J. , Perry A.
Published: November 2007

We describe the assessment procedures used at Charing-Cross Hospital to investigate laryngectomees who failed to develop oesophageal voice and give the results of assessment in 50 patients. Anatomical or physiological abnormalities in the reconstructed pharynx were found in all patients, and we feel these significantly contributed to the failure of achieving an oesophageal voice. The four cases of failure were due to hypotonicity of the pharyngo-oesophageal muscles, hypertonicity, frank spasm and stricture. This distinction can be used as a functional classification of failure as treatment for each group has to be different if successful surgical voice restoration is to be achieved. Patients with hypotonicity need to use external pressure; those with mild hypertonicity are able to use a low pressure tracheo-oesophageal voice prosthesis; those with spasm need a pharyngo-oesophageal myotomy prior to “puncture”, while those with stricture need surgical correction.
The caloric response in the contralateral ear in acoustic neuroma
Authors: Kirtane M. V. , Merchant S. N. , Medikeri S. B.
Published: November 2007

The caloric test response from the unaffected ear in a case of acoustic neuroma may be normal, hypoactive or hyperactive; each has a different pathophysiological connotation: a normal response is the anticipated finding; a hyperactive contralateral response is due to the presence of a large neuroma with brainstem compression; and a hypoactive response may result from several factors, such as lack of mental alertness during the test, drugs like barbiturates, raised intracranial tension, or the presence of bilateral neuromas.
Vascular effects of topical oxymetazoline on human nasal mucosa
Authors: Bende M. , Löth S.
Published: November 2007

Oxymetazoline, a derivative of imidazoline, is a widely used nasal decongestant. In contrast to other topical decongestants related to phenylephrine, sympathomimetic amines, it also induced a reduced nasal mucosal blood flow. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the duration of effect of oxymetazoline on nasal airway resistance and mucosal blood flow. During the eight hours of study, the blood flow was reduced by 30–40 per cent in six hours. A similar decongestant effect of about 30 per cent was found during the same interval. The pharmacological profile of oxymetazoline seems questionable, since a reduced nasal mucosal blood flow might not be of value in the treatment of upper airways infections.
Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Report of 1,000 cases
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Tiwari Rammohan , Snow Gordon B. , Waal I. V.D.
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this paper is to define the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck as seen at the Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in the last six years, according to the latest revised classification system of the International Union against Cancer (UICC, 1982). In addition, male to female ratios, relative frequencies at the various sites, age distribution, incidence of second or third primary and the relationship of distant metastases to the nodal metastases and the T-stage of the primary lesion are reported. These incidences are compared with those in other countries and the major differences are discussed.