bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wide binary pulsars from electron-capture supernovae
Authors: Stevenson Simon , Willcox Reinhold , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro , Broekgaarden Floor
Published: May 2022

Neutron stars receive velocity kicks at birth in supernovae. Those formed in electron-capture supernovae from superasymptotic giant branch stars – the lowest mass stars to end their lives in supernovae – may receive significantly lower kicks than typical neutron stars. Given that many massive stars are members of wide binaries, this suggests the existence of a population of low-mass (1.25 < Mpsr/M⊙ < 1.3), wide (Porb ≳ 104 d), eccentric (e ∼ 0.7), unrecycled (Pspin ∼ 1 s) binary pulsars. The formation rate of such binaries is sensitive to the mass range of (effectively) single stars leading to electron capture supernovae, the amount of mass lost prior to the supernova, and the magnitude of any natal kick imparted on the neutron star. We estimate that one such binary pulsar should be observable in the Milky Way for every 10 000 isolated pulsars, assuming that the width of the mass range of single stars leading to electron-capture supernovae is ≲0.2 M⊙, and that neutron stars formed in electron-capture supernovae receive typical kicks less than 10 km s−1. We have searched the catalogue of observed binary pulsars, but find no convincing candidates that could be formed through this channel, consistent with this low predicted rate. Future observations with the Square Kilometre Array may detect this rare sub-class of binary pulsar and provide strong constraints on the properties of electron-capture supernovae and their progenitors.
LyMAS reloaded: improving the predictions of the large-scale Lyman-α forest statistics from dark matter density and velocity fields
Authors: Peirani S , Prunet S , Colombi S , Pichon C , Weinberg D H , Laigle C , Lavaux G , Dubois Y , Devriendt J
Published: May 2022

We present LyMAS2, an improved version of the ‘Lyman-α Mass Association Scheme’ aiming at predicting the large-scale 3D clustering statistics of the Lyman-α forest (Ly α) from moderate-resolution simulations of the dark matter (DM) distribution, with prior calibrations from high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of smaller volumes. In this study, calibrations are derived from the Horizon-AGN suite simulations, (100 Mpc h)−3 comoving volume, using Wiener filtering, combining information from DM density and velocity fields (i.e. velocity dispersion, vorticity, line-of-sight 1D-divergence and 3D-divergence). All new predictions have been done at z = 2.5 in redshift space, while considering the spectral resolution of the SDSS-III BOSS Survey and different DM smoothing (0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 Mpc h−1 comoving). We have tried different combinations of DM fields and found that LyMAS2, applied to the Horizon-noAGN DM fields, significantly improves the predictions of the Ly α 3D clustering statistics, especially when the DM overdensity is associated with the velocity dispersion or the vorticity fields. Compared to the hydrodynamical simulation trends, the two-point correlation functions of pseudo-spectra generated with LyMAS2 can be recovered with relative differences of ∼5 per cent even for high angles, the flux 1D power spectrum (along the light of sight) with ∼2 per cent and the flux 1D probability distribution function exactly. Finally, we have produced several large mock BOSS spectra (1.0 and 1.5 Gpc h−1) expected to lead to much more reliable and accurate theoretical predictions.
Study on the magnetic field strength of NGC 300 ULX1
Authors: Pan Y Y , Li Z S , Zhang C M , Zhong J X
Published: May 2022

NGC 300 ULX1 is a pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source (PULX) with the longest spin period of $P\simeq 31.6\, \rm s$ and a high spin-up rate of $\dot{P}\simeq -5.56\times 10^{-7}\, \rm s\, s^{-1}$ that is ever seen in the confirmed PULXs. In this paper, the inferred magnetic field of NGC 300 ULX1 is $\sim 3.0\times 10^{14}\, \rm G$ using the recent observed parameters after its first detection of pulsations. According to the evolved simulation of the magnetic field and the spin period, it will become a recycled pulsar or a millisecond pulsar under the conditions of the companion mass and the accretion rate limitation. We suggest that NGC 300 ULX1 is an accreting magnetar accounting for its super Eddington luminosity. We also propose that there might be other accreting magnetars in the confirmed PULXs. Such PULXs will be helpful for understanding the magnetar evolution and the millisecond pulsar formation whose magnetic field is stronger than $\sim 10^{9}\, \rm G$.
A bioinformatics pipeline for estimating mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels from whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Battle Stephanie L , Puiu Daniela ,   TOPMed mtDNA Working Group, Verlouw Joost , Broer Linda , Boerwinkle Eric , Taylor Kent D , Rotter Jerome I , Rich Stephan S , Grove Megan L , Pankratz Nathan , Fetterman Jessica L , Liu Chunyu , Arking Dan E
Published: May 2022

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can be caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may exist in a state of heteroplasmy, where a percentage of DNA molecules harbor a variant, or homoplasmy, where all DNA molecules have the same variant. The relative quantity of mtDNA in a cell, or copy number (mtDNA-CN), is associated with mitochondrial function, human disease, and mortality. To facilitate accurate identification of heteroplasmy and quantify mtDNA-CN, we built a bioinformatics pipeline that takes whole genome sequencing data and outputs mitochondrial variants, and mtDNA-CN. We incorporate variant annotations to facilitate determination of variant significance. Our pipeline yields uniform coverage by remapping to a circularized chrM and by recovering reads falsely mapped to nuclear-encoded mitochondrial sequences. Notably, we construct a consensus chrM sequence for each sample and recall heteroplasmy against the sample's unique mitochondrial genome. We observe an approximately 3-fold increased association with age for heteroplasmic variants in non-homopolymer regions and, are better able to capture genetic variation in the D-loop of chrM compared to existing software. Our bioinformatics pipeline more accurately captures features of mitochondrial genetics than existing pipelines that are important in understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to disease.
Pervasive sequence-level variation in the transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Dave Bruhad , Kanyal Abhishek , Mamatharani D V , Karmodiya Krishanpal
Published: May 2022

Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in RNA, arising from co- and post-transcriptional phenomena including transcription errors and RNA-editing, are well studied in a range of organisms. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, stage-specific and non-specific gene-expression variations accompany the parasite's array of developmental and morphological phenotypes over the course of its complex life cycle. However, the extent, rate and effect of sequence-level variation in the parasite's transcriptome are unknown. Here, we report the presence of pervasive, non-specific SNVs in the P. falciparum transcriptome. SNV rates for a gene were correlated to gene length (r$ \approx$0.65–0.7) but not to the AT-content of that gene. Global SNV rates for the P. falciparum lines we used, and for publicly available P. vivax and P. falciparum clinical isolate datasets, were of the order of 10–3 per base, ∼10× higher than rates we calculated for bacterial datasets. These variations may reflect an intrinsic transcriptional error rate in the parasite, and RNA editing may be responsible for a subset of them. This seemingly characteristic property of the parasite may have implications for clinical outcomes and the basic biology and evolution of P. falciparum and parasite biology more broadly. We anticipate that our study will prompt further investigations into the exact sources, consequences and possible adaptive roles of these SNVs.
Accuracy of multiple sequence alignment methods in the reconstruction of transposable element families
Authors: Hubley Robert , Wheeler Travis J , Smit Arian F A
Published: May 2022

The construction of a high-quality multiple sequence alignment (MSA) from copies of a transposable element (TE) is a critical step in the characterization of a new TE family. Most studies of MSA accuracy have been conducted on protein or RNA sequence families, where structural features and strong signals of selection may assist with alignment. Less attention has been given to the quality of sequence alignments involving neutrally evolving DNA sequences such as those resulting from TE replication. Transposable element sequences are challenging to align due to their wide divergence ranges, fragmentation, and predominantly-neutral mutation patterns. To gain insight into the effects of these properties on MSA accuracy, we developed a simulator of TE sequence evolution, and used it to generate a benchmark with which we evaluated the MSA predictions produced by several popular aligners, along with Refiner, a method we developed in the context of our RepeatModeler software. We find that MAFFT and Refiner generally outperform other aligners for low to medium divergence simulated sequences, while Refiner is uniquely effective when tasked with aligning high-divergent and fragmented instances of a family.
Discharge planning of the preterm infant
Authors: Anderson Nicole , Narvey Michael
Published: May 2022

“When will my baby come home?” is one of the most common questions asked by parents of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While the hospital course varies based on the gestational age at birth and the attainment of “physiological maturity,” the aim of this statement is to provide guidance for the safe discharge of infants born before 37 weeks. The discharge process should start at the time of admission to NICU, and with a plan for assessing physiological markers including thermoregulation, control of breathing, respiratory stability, and adequate weight gain as an indication of feeding skills. Importantly, the infant’s family unit is a crucial part of the care team and their involvement in the NICU will promote confidence, decrease anxiety, increase resilience, and help ensure a safe discharge environment.
Low Nitrogen Enhances Apoplastic Phloem Loading and Improves the Translocation of Photoassimilates in Rice Leaves and Stems
Authors: Li Guohui , Zhou Chiyan , Yang Zijun , Zhang Chenhui , Dai Qigen , Huo Zhongyang , Xu Ke
Published: May 2022

The grain filling of rice depends on photoassimilates from leaves and stems. Phloem loading is the first crucial step for the transportation of sucrose to grains. However, phloem loading mechanisms in rice leaves and stems and their response to nitrogen (N) remain unclear. Here, using a combination of electron microscopy, transportation of a phloem tracer and 13C labeling, phloem loading was studied in rice leaves and stems. The results showed that the sieve element–companion cell complex lacked a symplastic connection with surrounding parenchyma cells in leaves and stems. The genes expression and protein levels of sucrose transporter (SUTs) and sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) were detected in the vascular bundle of leaves and stems. A decrease in the 13C isotope remobilization from leaves to stems and panicles following treatment with p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid indicated that rice leaves and stems actively transport sucrose into the phloem. Under low-N (LN) treatment, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in stems and activity of SPS in leaves increased; genes expression and protein levels of SUTs and SWEETs in leaves and stems increased; the 13C isotope reallocation in panicles increased. These indicated that LN enhanced apoplastic phloem loading in stems and leaves. This improved the translocation of photoassimilates and consequently increased grain filling percentage, grain weight and harvest index. This study provides evidence that rice leaves and stems utilize an apoplastic loading strategy and respond to N stimuli by regulating the genes expression and protein levels of SUTs and SWEETs.
MOR1/MAP215 acts synergistically with katanin to control cell division and anisotropic cell elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Xiayan , Zhang Wenjing , Li Jie , Liu Haofeng , Yang Lan , Lei Pei , Zhang Hongchang , Yu Fei
Published: May 2022

The MAP215 family of microtubule (MT) polymerase/nucleation factors and the MT severing enzyme katanin are widely conserved MT-associated proteins (MAPs) across the plant and animal kingdoms. However, how these two essential MAPs coordinate to regulate plant MT dynamics and development remains unknown. Here, we identified novel hypomorphic alleles of MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 (MOR1), encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of MAP215, in genetic screens for mutants oversensitive to the MT-destabilizing drug propyzamide. Live imaging in planta revealed that MOR1-green fluorescent protein predominantly tracks the plus-ends of cortical MTs (cMTs) in interphase cells and labels preprophase band, spindle and phragmoplast MT arrays in dividing cells. Remarkably, MOR1 and KATANIN 1 (KTN1), the p60 subunit of Arabidopsis katanin, act synergistically to control the proper formation of plant-specific MT arrays, and consequently, cell division and anisotropic cell expansion. Moreover, MOR1 physically interacts with KTN1 and promotes KTN1-mediated severing of cMTs. Our work establishes the Arabidopsis MOR1–KTN1 interaction as a central functional node dictating MT dynamics and plant growth and development.
MAMP-elicited changes in amino acid transport activity contribute to restricting bacterial growth
Authors: Zhang Xiaomu , Khadka Pramod , Puchalski Patryk , Leehan Joss D , Rossi Franco R , Okumoto Sakiko , Pilot Guillaume , Danna Cristian H
Published: May 2022

Plants live under the constant challenge of microbes that probe the environment in search of potential hosts. Plant cells perceive microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from incoming microbes and activate defense responses that suppress attempted infections. Despite the substantial progress made in understanding MAMP-triggered signaling pathways, the downstream mechanisms that suppress bacterial growth and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover how MAMP perception in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) elicits dynamic changes in extracellular concentrations of free L-amino acids (AA). Within the first 3 h of MAMP perception, a fast and transient inhibition of AA uptake produces a transient increase in extracellular AA concentrations. Within 4 and 12 h of MAMP perception, a sustained enhanced uptake activity decreases the extracellular concentrations of AA. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylic acid-mediated signaling contributes to inducing the expression of AA/H+ symporters responsible for the MAMP-induced enhanced uptake. A screening of loss-of-function mutants identified the AA/H+ symporter lysin/histidine transporter-1 as an important contributor to MAMP-induced enhanced uptake of AA. Infection assays in lht1-1 seedlings revealed that high concentrations of extracellular AA promote bacterial growth in the absence of induced defense elicitation but contribute to suppressing bacterial growth upon MAMP perception. Overall, the data presented in this study reveal a mechanistic connection between MAMP-induced plant defense and suppression of bacterial growth through the modulation of AA transport activity.
Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SBD1): A stress response regulator in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Koletti Aikaterini , Dervisi Irene , Kalloniati Chrysanthi , Zografaki Maria-Eleftheria , Rennenberg Heinz , Roussis Andreas , Flemetakis Emmanouil
Published: May 2022

Selenium-binding proteins (SBPs) represent a ubiquitous protein family implicated in various environmental stress responses, although the exact molecular and physiological role of the SBP family remains elusive. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of CrSBD1, an SBP homolog from the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Growth analysis of the C. reinhardtii sbd1 mutant strain revealed that the absence of a functional CrSBD1 resulted in increased growth under mild oxidative stress conditions, although cell viability rapidly declined at higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. Furthermore, a combined global transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated that the sbd1 mutant exhibited a dramatic quenching of the molecular and biochemical responses upon H2O2-induced oxidative stress when compared to the wild-type. Our results indicate that CrSBD1 represents a cell regulator, which is involved in the modulation of C. reinhardtii early responses to oxidative stress. We assert that CrSBD1 acts as a member of an extensive and conserved protein–protein interaction network including Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, Cysteine endopeptidase 2, and Glutaredoxin 6 proteins, as indicated by yeast two-hybrid assays.
Perspective-taking is associated with increased discriminability of affective states in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Vaccaro Anthony G , Heydari Panthea , Christov-Moore Leonardo , Damasio Antonio , Kaplan Jonas T
Published: May 2022

Recent work using multivariate-pattern analysis (MVPA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has found that distinct affective states produce correspondingly distinct patterns of neural activity in the cerebral cortex. However, it is unclear whether individual differences in the distinctiveness of neural patterns evoked by affective stimuli underlie empathic abilities such as perspective-taking (PT). Accordingly, we examined whether we could predict PT tendency from the classification of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI activation patterns while participants (n = 57) imagined themselves in affectively charged scenarios. We used an MVPA searchlight analysis to map where in the brain activity patterns permitted the classification of four affective states: happiness, sadness, fear and disgust. Classification accuracy was significantly above chance levels in most of the prefrontal cortex and in the posterior medial cortices. Furthermore, participants’ self-reported PT was positively associated with classification accuracy in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and insula. This finding has implications for understanding affective processing in the prefrontal cortex and for interpreting the cognitive significance of classifiable affective brain states. Our multivariate approach suggests that PT ability may rely on the grain of internally simulated affective representations rather than simply the global strength.
We Have Buried Our Tomahawks Very Deep in the Ground and in the Sky: Rock River Ho-Chunk Peacekeeping in the 1832 “Black Hawk War”
Authors: Tronnes Libby
Published: May 2022

In Spring 1832, a Ho-Chunk delegation attempted to resolve a refugee crisis that threatened to bring war with the Americans into their lands. The return migration of a removed multiethnic band made up primarily of Sauk and Fox families into northern Illinois precipitated a conflict known as the Black Hawk War. When direct diplomacy failed, Rock River Ho-Chunks attempted to spare the lives of their refugee kin while also protecting their cornfields from American invaders. The federal government used the crisis to force a land cession and removal treaty. Nineteenth-century American observers, and historians ever since, have generally overlooked the imaginative peacekeeping strategies deployed by the Ho-Chunk people, schemes designed to prevent troops from finding the refugees and from destroying raised field agriculture. They almost succeeded. Emphasizing Native voices and actions in the historical record and questioning accounts published by the White conflict veterans on which historians traditionally rely allows a new history of this tragic crisis that privileges Native autonomy, ingenuity, and survivance.
2 DRY WEIGHT GAIN AND INCIDENCE OF INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN RURAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Kartika Herleni , Primadona Mulia Deddy , Effendi Ian , Ali Zulkhair , Suhaimi Novadian , Suprapti  , Dahlan Zaini , Arisandi Sri , Irawan Rico , Yuristo Eddy , Vanvie Chyntha Rahma
Published: May 2022

Background: Intradialytic hypertension (HID) is defined as an increase in post-dialysis systolic blood pressure with a post-dialysis and pre-dialysis difference of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) ≥ 10 mmHg. HID affects up to 15% of hemodialysis patients and occurs more frequently in older patients, have a lower dry weight, take antihypertensive drugs, and have lower serum creatinine values. It was known to be related to increased morbidity and mortality. To prevent HID, the identification of other risk factors was crucial. Current study aims to determine the relationship between dry weight gain and the incidence of intradialytic hypertension.

Methods: This research method was a cross-sectional study. The study was taken on December 2021 at Hemodialysis Unit of Arga Makmur Regional Hospital, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu.

Result: There was 27.7% subject having intradialytic hypertension among 54 subjects. The variables consist of gender, age, and etiology did not show any statistically significant relationship toward increased dry weight and the incidence of intradialytic hypertension. Chi-Square test results was p>0.005. The paired t-test showed a significant difference among dry weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after hemodialysis, with p-value = 0.000 (p <0.005). Increased dry weight gain more than 1 kg was related to 1.7 (95%CI 1.3-2.1) times increased risk of intradialytic hypertension among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Conclusion: The dry weight gain had a statistically significant relationship to the incidence of intradialytic hypertension.
8 SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AS RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTING PROTEINURIA AFTER DELIVERY IN WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Ariana A. , Aditiawardana  , Aditiawarman  , Thaha M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Recent researches have established strong association between preeclampsia and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in later life, however, the point where renal complications commonly begin after post-partum period is not clearly known. Early identification of abnormal kidney parameter in formerly preeclamptic women may potentially halt disease progression and prevent future irreversible damage. This study was conducted to evaluate factors associated with persistent renal endothelial damage reflected as proteinuria 3 months after delivery.

Methods: This was a hospital-based matched case-control study conducted in Dr. Soetomo and Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, between January to October 2021 involving 64 women with preeclampsia. The case-group included women with proteinuria 3 months post-partum (26 subjects) while control-group included those without proteinuria (38 subjects). Potential risk factors for persisting proteinuria were assessed through interview and medical record review. Odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) obtained at diagnosis of preeclampsia was the only significant risk factor for persistent proteinuria 3 months after delivery found in this study (p=0.032). The women in the case and control group had a mean SBP of 168.27 ± 17.45 mmHg and 155.34 ± 13.86 mmHg respectively. From the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, we discovered cut off point in 169 mmHg (OR 6.6; 95% CI = 1.96-22.24) with the value of area under the curves (AUC) 0.719.

Conclusion: This study showed that elevated SBP is a significant risk factor for persisting proteinuria 3 months after delivery in preeclampsia patients. Recognizing this risk factor helps us in prioritizing patients who may benefit from tighter monitoring in post-partum period.
12 BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT USING A CUFFLESS SMARTWATCH / SMARTPHONE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CUFFED-BASED: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Chandra E. , Suprijadi I.A. , Tarsidin N.F. , Tiksnadi B.T.
Published: May 2022

Aims: This study aimed to compare blood pressure (BP) measurement results between cuffless and conventional cuffed-based devices.

Methods: Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Springer Link databases were performed on June 2021. Studies comparing data of in- office BP measurement, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in healthy adult subjects using cuffless and conventional cuffed- based devices are included. BP measurement should be conducted twice and alternately using both devices at one time. Studies that reported only one outcome parameter were also included. Two reviewers evaluate the quality of included studies using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis of mean difference (MD) was conducted. A publication bias test was conducted using a funnel plot for outcomes that have ten studies included.

Results: We identified eleven studies comprising of 2344 healthy adult subjects which three studies only reported SBP data. The included studies tend to have reporting and attrition bias. The meta-analysis results showed that cuffless device measured lower than conventional cuffed-based device for SBP by 2.64 mmHg (MD -2.64, 95%CI - 4.83 to -0.46, p=0.02; I2 74.5%). However, DBP results have no difference for both devices (MD -0.43, 95%CI -3.88 to 3.02, p=0.81; I2 91.1%). The funnel plot demonstrated slightly asymmetrical distribution of studies that indicating lower measurements for SBP most likely found in study with large samples.

Conclusion: The cuffless device measured lower SBP compared than the conventional cuffed-based device whereas there is no difference in DBP. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity between studies was high.
13 THE ROLE OF HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN COVID-19 AT RSUP HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN 2020
Authors: Chairani Mutia , Sitepu Annisa Nidya Rahmatika , Muzasti Riri Andri
Published: May 2022

Background and aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients. The incidence of AKI in COVID-19 ranges from 0.5% to 56.9% in various case series. AKI in COVID-19 is also associated with a higher risk of death. Some risk factors reported to confer a poor prognosis in COVID-19 such as increased age, male gender, patients with comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes and higher BMI. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factor of AKI among COVID-19 patients.

Material and methods: We conducted a cross sectional analysis from moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients that developed to AKI at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan during 2020. The data was collected during July to September 2021.

Results: Form 465 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, there were 64 people with inclusion and exclusion criteria suffered from AKI during the COVID-19 treatment period (13.8%). 71.9% of the patients were men, 70.3% had more than 1 comorbidities, and 60.9% had hypertension as comorbid. Among patients with comorbid hypertension, 12 patients had stage 1 AKI (30.8%), 2 patients had stage 2 AKI (5.1%), and 25 had stage 3 AKI (64.1%). Although bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between hypertension and AKI stadium (p 0.155), multivariate analyses showed that hypertension has an OR of 4.24 (p 0.049; CI 95% 1.01 — 17.9) which means that in patients with hypertension, the incidence rate for stage 3 AKI is 4.24 times greater and statistically significant.

Conclusion: Hypertension is proven as a risk factor of AKI in COVID-19 patients.
14 THE THERAPEUTIC VALUES OF CATHETER-BASED RENAL DENERVATION PROCEDURE AGAINST RESISTANT HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: REVISITING THE PROMISING PROSPECT - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Siregar M. Sabatini , Harmany G.
Published: May 2022

Background: The increasing incidence of uncontrolled hypertension despite a greater number of therapies has been described as the “hypertension paradox”. CKD often complicates antihypertensive treatment by rendering the disease resistant to treatment. Recently, catheter-based renal denervation has reemerged as potential treatment for resistant hypertension. Several trials reported significant SBP-lowering effects in patients treated with catheter-based renal denervation.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to summarize the antihypertensive properties of renal denervation to control SBP in patients with resistant hypertension with CKD.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted with literatures from ProQuest, Elsevier, SpringerLink, and Oxford Academic to PRISMA Guidelines for RCTs regarding SBP management with renal denervation for resistant hypertension patients with or without CKD using Renal Denervation, Resistant Hypertension, Systolic Blood Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease as keywords.

Results: Six literatures were analyzed, consisting of 730 patients with resistant hypertension with or without CKD. The subjects underwent catheter-based renal denervation in comparison to sham procedures, in RCTs for 2-12 months. These trials exhibit beneficial antihypertensive effects of renal denervation, reducing the ambulatory 24-hour SBP (MD -8.5[-15.1 to 0.0] vs. MD -2.9[-12.6 to 2.5]; p=0.016) 2-months post-procedure. Other literatures also reported major office SBP decrease (180 mmHg ±12 to 149.0 mmHg ±11 vs. 181.0 mmHg ±19 to 179.0 mmHg ±5; p=0.007) 12-months post-procedure. Another shows significant decrease in daytime (MD -12mmHg ±18; p<0.001) and nighttime (MD -8mmHg ±19; p<0.013) SBP.

Conclusion: Renal denervation showed significant SBP lowering effects in patients with resistant hypertension based on evidences exhibited. Further research is necessary to provide more evidence to support this outcome.
15 ROLE OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y GEN RS 16147 POLIMORFISM AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HYPERTENSION
Authors: Sianturi Yesanopa , Pardamean Gabriel , Muzasti Riri Andri
Published: May 2022

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension has been a medical problem that associated with 7.5 millions (12.8 percents) death in wide world. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most often found neurotransmitter in nervous system, comes from expression of NPY gen rs16147, has effect in symphatetic tonus enhancement result in increasing blood pressure (BP).

Objective: To determine role of NPY Gen RS 16147 Polimorfism as a risk factor of hypertension.

Method: Analytic study with case control design to determine relationship between NPY Gen RS 16147 Polimorfism: C-399T and BP with Chi Square test. Population consist of 100 sample (50 male,50 female) with consecutive sampling. Sample taken from venous blood, analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. p value <0,05 means statistically significant.

Result: Study enrolled subject with median age 51,5 (22—83) years (26 normotension, 74 hypertension), subject with alel “C” NPY RS 16147 genotype has abnormal BP, while subject with non alel “C” NPY RS 16147 (TT genotype) has both normal and abnormal BP, (p: 0.017). Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) in non alel “C” NPY RS 16147 genotype is 139,05±21,42 mmHg, while average SBP in alel “C” genotipe NPY RS 16147 genotype is 151,32±22,26 mmHg.

Conclusion: Neuropeptide Y Gen RS 16147 polimorfism is a risk factor for hypertension. The presence of alel “C” in NPY RS16147 related to high BP significantly.
19 INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION, WHAT ARE THE RELATED FACTORS?
Authors: Perdhana Langgeng , Chasani Shofa
Published: May 2022

Background: Intradialytic Hypertension is the most common complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In some studies, it increases mortality risk among hemodialysis patients. Managing its causative factors can prevent intradialytic hypertension and decrease mortality risk among hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To determine the factors related to intradialytic hypertension

Method: A cross-sectional study occurred in November 2021 at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang. The inclusion criteria were undergoing hemodialysis ≥3 months, hemodialysis frequency twice a week, aged ≥18 years, communicable, and agreed to join in this study. Meanwhile, patients with incomplete data were excluded. Collected data was then analyzed using SPSS. The dependent variable was gender, duration of hemodialysis, elderly, time dialysis, and diabetes. While the independent variable was intradialytic hypertension that is defined as increasing of systolic blood pressure ≥15 mmHg in the end of hemodialysis session.

Result: The prevalence of intradialytic hypertension in this study is 37,8%. Chi-Square analysis showed that patients who had undergone hemodialysis for ≥12 months and time dialysis ≤ 4 hours per dialysis session had a higher risk of intradialytic hypertension (p-value: 0,006; 0,028; PR= 3,844; 2,819). While gender, elderly and diabetes has no significant relationship (p-value: 0,825; 0,587; 0,123).

Conclusion: Duration of hemodialysis and time dialysis per session have significant relationship to intradialytic hypertension. While gender, elderly and diabetes
26 CORRELATION BETWEEN DIABETES-RELATED CLINICAL INDICES AND PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Khumaedi Anandhara Indriani , Nugroho Pringgodigdo , Purnamasari Dyah
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective: It is known that arterial stiffness, an early vascular changes index, is influenced by diabetes and hypertension. It is also a strong predictor to mortality in type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM). This study was aimed to see correlation of diabetes-related indices with pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with T2DM and hypertension.

Method: This is cross sectional study involving T2DM patients with hypertension in endocrinology clinic in RSCM. Blood pressure was measured using Omronâ automatic sphygmomanometer. Central Pulse Pressure (CPP), amplification and PWV was measured using SphygmoCorâXCEL. Diabetes-related parameters measured in this study are duration, A1C and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).

Result: Out of 47 subjects, most of them are female (68%), median age 51years (IQR 10,50), median waist circumference (WC) 96 cm (IQR 9,6) and mean BMI 27 kg/m2 (SD 3,90). Median systolic is 153mmHg (IQR 15), diastolic 91mmHg (IQR 92), amplification 18mmHg (SD 6,0) and median CPP 43mmHg (IQR 12). Mean PWV is 7,5 m/s (SD 1,22). Subjects showed inadequate control of diabetes (median A1C 7,8% [IQR 2,8]) and macroalbuminuria (median ACR 763 mg/grCr [IQR 2,8]). We found positive correlation between PWV and SBP (r=0,312;p=0,016), amplification (r=0.370;p=0,05), CPP (r=0,370;p=0,007), diabetes duration (r=0,476;p<0,005), A1c (r=0,417;p=0,002), ACR (r=0,511;p<0,005) and WC (r=0,290;p=0,024). Multivariate analysis showed weak association between PWV and WC, CPP and diabetes duration (R2=0,338).

Conclusion: In this study, ACR and A1c didn't show direct significant relationship to PWV. Systolic amplification may mediate the relationship between ACR and A1c to PWV, since these indices associated with vascular changes. This emphasized the importance of BP control for preventing CV events in T2DM.
28 EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS
Authors: Tarigan Tinanda , Sukmadja Daniel , Prasiddha Kaka Citta , Ciptasari Ajeng , Triatmaja Rizkan
Published: May 2022

Background: Hypertension has become a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a common health problem around the world. Recent evidence indicated that hypertension was associated with low levels of vitamin D. Several studies explored the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure (BP), but whether vitamin D supplementation reduces BP remains unclear in patients with hypertension.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Methods: We enrolled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar that were published in 1988-2020. Studies that used vitamin D supplementation among people with hypertension were included. The BP changes were combined in a random-effects model and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of blood pressure across RCTs.

Results: Eight RCTs including 804 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found a statistically non-significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the vitamin D group compared with placebo [-2.7 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -6.67 to 1.27]. No statistically significant reduction was seen in diastolic blood pressure (-1.33 mmHg, 95% CI -3.27 to 0.62).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that supplementation with vitamin D is ineffective as an agent to reduce BP in patients with hypertension.
43 CHARACTERISTICS AND MORTALITY IN HYPERTENSIVE COVID-19 PATIENTS AT A DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN NORTH JAKARTA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Andina Tantika , Sibarani Marcel H.R.
Published: May 2022

Background: The characteristics and clinical course of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated in district hospitals, particularly those with comorbidities like hypertension, may differ from patients treated in tertiary hospitals. Better understanding of such patients is necessary to establish an optimal management strategy.

Objective: This study aims to describe the characteristics and identify mortality predictors in hypertensive COVID-19 patients in a district hospital in North Jakarta.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 hypertensive COVID-19 patients admitted in January—November 2021. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy and referral to another center. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between mortality and age, sex, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary tuberculosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer level at admission. The cut-off value of CRP and D-dimer level associated with mortality were determined using ROC analysis.

Results: Hypertensive COVID-19 patients were mostly male with an average age of 56.6 years (standard deviation 10.9). Mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 were found in 23.4%, 23.4%, 35.9%, and 17.2%, respectively. Most participants (55.2%) had at least one comorbidity other than hypertension. The overall mortality rate was 15.1%. Heart disease (odds ratio 4.01, 95%CI 1.11—13.9; p=0.029), CKD (OR 10.41, 95%CI 2.12—51.13; p=0.004) and elevated CRP level (OR 10.98, 95%CI 3.32—36.32; p<0.001) were associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Conclusion: Hypertensive COVID-19 patients had a high frequency of comorbidities and similar characteristics to those reported elsewhere. Patients with heart disease, CKD, and elevated CRP levels were at higher risk of mortality and therefore may benefit from a more aggressive therapy.
Ether Day Revisited
Authors: Firth Paul G.
Published: May 2022

Background:

The details of the public demonstration of the effects of ether that initiated the modern era of surgery and anesthesia are often misreported. Existing published transcripts of the clinical records are incomplete or inaccurate.

Methods:

The patient notes of Gilbert Abbott were photographed, transcribed, and reviewed.

Results:

The records are handwritten in “Surgical Records for 1846; Volume 30,” of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The patient was admitted on September 25. The presenting condition was a congenital, mobile, compressible, multilobed, small lesion at the angle of the left mandible, and base of tongue. The operation on October 16 was an attempted ligation of the blood supply to the lesion. The postoperative diagnosis was a vascular lesion (“erectile tumor”). Postoperative management included application of sclerosants. The mass was unchanged in size on discharge on December 7. There is no documentation of the anesthetic administration in the progress note but a retrospective report of the anesthetic is pasted into the Records book. This account reported that the patient did not respond to the initial incision. He moved and cried out during the latter part of the procedure. Although he was aware of the operation taking place, he later said he had not experienced pain. The commentary concluded that the demonstration of the analgesic effectiveness of ether was inconclusive but that subsequently ether was shown to be effective.

Conclusions:

The surgery on October 16, an unsuccessful ligation of a congenital lymphovascular malformation, was performed under incomplete general anesthesia. Examination of the primary documents may allow for more accurate accounts of circumstances surrounding the discovery of anesthesia.
Devastating Independence Day fireworks hand injuries of 2020: a retrospective case series examining dramatic increase secondary to COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Herzog Leah N. , Daley Dane N.
Published: May 2022

Background:

To evaluate the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on the amount of fireworks injuries during the Fourth of July.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of all fireworks injuries during the weekend of the Fourth of July at a single institution from 2014 to 2020. All patients who presented to this institution with a fireworks injury were recorded along with age, occupation, hand dominance, injured hand, smoking status, and whether the patient was transferred from an outside hospital. This information was then used to compare fireworks injuries during 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic versus the years prior to COVID-19.

Results:

There were 24 fireworks injuries from 2014 to 2020. Most patients were males, and the average age was 25 yr old. Forty-six percent (11 patients) of these fireworks injuries occurred in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The next closest number of fireworks injuries occurred in 2015 with four patients (17%).

Conclusions:

Fireworks injuries are devastating injuries that affect all aspects of patients’ lives. With social restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic limiting public fireworks display, there was a 275% increase in fireworks hand injuries presenting to the authors’ level #1 trauma center. The authors propose modifying the current safety guidelines to prevent injuries to minors and urge a more robust publicization of the guidelines.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Clinical Outcomes of Small Infantile Hemangiomas Treated With Pulsed Dye Laser
Authors: Nakazono Misako , Kagimoto Shintaro , Koike Tomoyuki , Satake Toshihiko , Maegawa Jiro
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Infantile hemangioma (IH) often causes cosmetic disfigurement. Early intervention with propranolol for large, high-risk lesions is recommended in the American Academy of Pediatrics' Clinical Practice Guideline. Conversely, strategies for the management of small, low-risk lesions have not been established; however, pulsed dye laser (PDL) is often used to treat these lesions.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate clinical outcomes of PDL in small IH lesions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Fifty-three cases with 58 small IHs which did not meet the criteria for high-risk lesions in the guideline and were treated only with PDL were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of IHs and residual skin changes after treatment were evaluated.

RESULTS

Forty-seven lesions (81.0%) were superficial hemangiomas, whereas 11 (19.0%) were combined-type. The median maximum diameter was 10.0 mm. Forty-five lesions (77.6%) exhibited various residual skin changes after PDL treatment, including anetoderma (53.5%), telangiectasia and erythema (43.1%), hyperpigmentation (34.5%), redundant skin (3.4%), and fibrofatty tissue (3.4%). Of these, the incidence of anetoderma and fibrofatty tissue were significantly higher in the combined group than in the superficial group (p = .036 and .033, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Even small lesions, especially combined-type, often result in cosmetic problems after PDL treatment.
Thunderstorms, Pollen, and Severe Asthma in a Midwestern, USA, Urban Environment, 2007–2018
Authors: Smith M. Luke , MacLehose Richard F. , Chandler John W. , Berman Jesse D.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Previous research has shown an association between individual thunderstorm events in the presence of high pollen, commonly called thunderstorm asthma, and acute severe asthma events, but little work has studied risk over long periods of time, using detailed measurements of storms and pollen.

Methods:

We estimated change in the risk of asthma-related emergency room visits related to thunderstorm asthma events in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area over the years 2007–2018. We defined thunderstorm asthma events as daily occurrence of two or more lightning strikes during high pollen periods interpolating weather and pollen monitor data and modeling lightning counts. We acquired daily counts of asthma-related emergency department visits from the Minnesota Hospital Association and used a quasi-Poisson time-series regression to estimate overall relative risk of emergency department visits during thunderstorm asthma events.

Results:

We observed a 1.047 times higher risk (95% confidence interval = 1.012, 1.083) of asthma-related emergency department visits on the day of thunderstorm asthma event. Our findings are robust to adjustment for temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, ozone, PM2.5, day of week, and seasonal variation in asthma cases. Occurrence of lightning alone or pollen alone showed no association with the risk of severe asthma. A two-stage analysis combining individual zip code-level results shows similar RR, and we see no evidence of spatial correlation or spatial heterogeneity of effect.

Discussion:

Our results support an association between co-occurrence of lightning and pollen and risk of severe asthma events. Our approach incorporates lightning and pollen data and small-spatial area exposure and outcome counts.
Gut Microbiome and Its Influence On Ocular Surface and Ocular Surface Diseases
Authors: Thakur Shambhawi , Sheppard John D.
Published: May 2022

The gut microbiome plays a substantial immunologic and pathophysiologic role in maintaining the health of the host, and dysregulation of this dynamic ecosystem has been associated with several inflammatory conditions. Many studies have explored the influence of gut microbiota on the ocular surface and whether gut microbiota impact the pathophysiology of ophthalmic conditions. These findings have highlighted the advantages of enhancing gut microbes through probiotics, prebiotics, diet, vitamin supplementations, and fecal microbial transplant in clinical practice. The purpose of this review article was to provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge on this topic. Further exploration of this area of research is important to help guide new therapeutic targets to develop treatment and prevention of certain ocular surface diseases.