bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Agronomic Performance of Two Varieties of Soybean as Influence by Time of Introduction of Maize and Cropping Pattern
Authors: Degri M.M. , Osang Philip O. , Richard I.B.
Published: October 2022

Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of time of introduction of maize and cropping pattern on two varieties of soybean in a soybean/maize intercrop in 2007 and 2008 seasons at the University of Agriculture Makurdi. Three periods of introduction of maize were evaluated: (i) planting at the same time with soybean;(ii) introduction of maize two weeks after planting soybean and (iii) introduction of maize four weeks after planting soybean. There were five cropping patterns viz: (i) soybean variety Samsoy-2 planted sole (ii) soybean variety TGX 1448-2E planted sole (iii) maize variety DMR-ESR-Y planted sole (iv) Samsoy -2 intercrop with maize and (v) TGX1448-2E intercrop with maize. The experiment was a split plot laid on complete randomized block design replicated three times. Results obtained revealed that there was no significant effect of time of introduction of maize on any soybean parameter observed. Yield and yield components of soybean indicated significant effect of cropping pattern (P<0.01) with number of pods per plant and grain yield. Grain yield and number of pods per plant decreased in intercrop with soybean variety Samsoy-2 having the highest number of pods per plant and grain yield. The result on maize indicated that maize planted sole was significantly (P<0.01) taller than intercropped maize, there was significant (P<0.01) effect of time of introduction of maize and cropping pattern on maize plant height, ear length, ear diameter, survival and barrenness percentage and grain yield. The Land Equivalent ratio (LER) values indicated that higher yield advantages were obtained from maize introduced two weeks after planting soybean and maize intercropped with soybean variety Samsoy-2 (1.35) than with soybean variety TGX1448-2E (1.12).
Removal of Chromium by Biosorption Method (Chitosan)
Authors: Abatneh Yasabie , Sahu Omprakash
Published: October 2022

Discharge of metal containing effluents into water has been a cause of major concern. Traditional treatment methods are proving to be ineffective and expensive. Chitosan was studied as a potential biosorbent due to its positive charge and relatively low cost. The study involves evaluating the metal binding performance of chitosan in a Polymer Enhanced Diafiltration (PEDF) system which uses an ultra filtration membrane to retain the chitosan which, in turn, binds the metal, thereby preventing passage into the permeate stream. Conditions for binding such as pH, concentration of polymer and chromium were studied. Optimal performance was obtained when the system was operated at pH values lower than the pKa of chitosan i.e. 6.3. Using 6 g/L chitosan at pH 4.0, chromium concentration was reduced to less than 1mg/L from a feed concentration of 20 mg/L. Equilibrium dialysis experiments were done to study the kinetics of binding and the uptake of metal per gram of polymer. Rheological measurements demonstrated that in the presence of 1-100 mM chromate, chitosan was found to be slightly shear thickening at low concentrations such as 4 g/L and 6 g/L whereas it was slightly shear thinning at higher concentrations like 12 g/L and 20 g/L This suggests that neutralization of chromium anions is due to the interaction of multiple chitosan molecules. This result is consistent with the relatively stiff nature of the polysaccharide. Overall, this study suggests that some modification of the native polymer would be required to improve uptake and make it an industrially workable process.
Chromium Toxicity in Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr
Authors: Bakiyaraj R. , Mahakavi T. , Baskaran L.
Published: October 2022

Chromium is one of the most common toxic metals present in the environment that induces various toxic effects in plants. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chromium on germination percentage, seedling growth, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations of control, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g kg-1 of chromium. The parameters such as germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight dry weight, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of leaves were measured. Our results indicated that a significant inhibitory effect was observed at all levels of chromium compared to control. Increasing the concentration of chromium to 1.00 g kg-1 showed a significant decrease in seed germination, shoot and root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content of plant. While proline, catalase and peroxidase contents were increased by increasing Cr concentration. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
Fruit Maturity Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Eugenia jambolana Lam Fruit
Authors: Balamurugan S.
Published: October 2022

Fruits of Eugenia jambolana were analysed for total phenolics and antioxidant activity of three successive development stages viz. 1. Mature green 2. Half - ripened and 3. Fully ripened. The total anthocyanin concentrations were higher in fully ripened stage, the total phenolic content was maximum achieved in mature green stage (354 mg L-1). Antioxidant activity also strongly depended on ripening stages, showing completely opposite compared to that of total phenolics. Since total phenolics and antioxidant activity performed nearly “Object and its reflection in the mirror” trend.
Molecular Diffusion Water Exchange in Compartments of Tissue Water of Maize
Authors: Zaitseva Iryna , Syrovatko Volodymyr
Published: October 2022

For studying water exchange in compartments of tissue water of maize, kinetic curves of dilution of tritium labeled water (3Н) were used, with the incubation of plant tissues in it. By resolving the summary kinetic curves into components, we determined the constants of membranes’ permeability for exchange diffusion flux in two compartments of tissue water – membrane-restricted water and water of higher mobility in free space of cell envelopes, and quantitative content of symplastic and apoplastic water in the plant tissues. Significant differences of rates of water-exchange processes in the symplast and apoplast of maize types with various genotypes were found at the temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50°С. In the Pioneer hybrid these figures vary in the intervals of 1,83–3,67 s-1·10-4 and 0,91–1,33 s-1·10-3, whereas in self-pollinated line А-204 the intervals are 1,80–3,51 and 1,12–1,48 accordingly. Peculiar features of water exchange reactions suggest the higher physiological constancy of the Pioneer hybrid under thermal action.
Structural Analyses of Shigella Invasion Proteins Reveals Non-Conserved; Intrinsically Unstructured Regions
Authors: Chakrabarti Santanu , Ganguli Sayak
Published: October 2022

Shigella is one of the most common bacterial pathogens that are isolated from patients with diarrhea. Various attempts are being made worldwide with encouraging observations; still the emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella strains and a continuous high disease incidence imply that shigellosis is an unsolved global health problem which can probably be solved only by developing a proper vaccine and a vaccine regime for the disease. The need of the hour is to foster the development of an effective vaccine which should not only serve to improve hygiene but also should be able to curb infections by the pathogen. This goal can only be achieved by gaining proper detailed knowledge underlying Shigella pathogenesis. The analyses of the Shigella invasion proteins which have been long been targeted to be potential candidate vaccines remains an open ended problem and forms the core of this present computational study which identifies the fact that long regions in the structure of the proteins are disordered having no distinct structural conformation; multiple alignments however, did not show any conserved stretches in the disordered regions. The results probably explain the ability of these proteins to interact with multiple cellular proteins and perform a diverse array of functions leading to successful pathogenesis.
Food Security Challenges in Nigeria: A Paradox of Rising Domestic Food Production and Food Import
Authors: Ahungwa G.T. , Haruna U. , Muktar B.G.
Published: October 2022

This paper examined the food security challenges vis-á-vis the paradox of increased domestic food production and food import in Nigeria. The study used time-series data from National Bureau of Statistic, Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria’s National Dailies and CIA Factbook reports. The trend analysis showed that the share of agriculture to the total Gross Domestic Product, GDP had a downward trend, especially from 1960-1979, where food import hovered around 2.92 % from 1960-74 and up to 9.85 % in 1975-79 of GDP. The result depicts an undulating trend in the contribution of agriculture and food import values to 2009 where food import rose astronomically from N2.6trillion (3.83 %) in 2005-2009 to about N20.6trillion (25.02 %) in 2010-2012. Results of the regression analysis confirmed that agriculture has a positive relationship with GDP, and contributes significantly with a coefficient of 0.852. The paradox however is that food import negates the a priori expectation as it is found to be positively related to the GDP: as food production increases marginally, food importation increases asymptotically. The paper recommends that reliance on food import could be minimized through increased budgetary allocation to the sector, and improvement in postharvest management practices that have hitherto, aggravated food insecurity in the country.
Toxic Effect of Zinc on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Cow Pea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Basha S. Anvar , Selvaraju M.
Published: October 2022

Zinc is a heavy metal; this element is considered as environmental hazard.Toxicity effects of Zinc on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Zinc along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Cow pea plant (Vignaunguiculata.L). Thus, cow pea seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Zinc (control, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and accumulation of nutrients along with Zinc in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than Zinc 50 mg/L zinc cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and zinc addition in the cultures caused enhancement of zinc content in roots and shoots of cow pea seedlings. Similarly nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of cow pea. It was also noted that accumulation of zinc in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
Isolation and Computational Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase Gene from an Aquatic Fern - Salvinia molesta
Authors: Rahaman Sabdar , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Basu Protip , Gupta Sohini , Basu Monojit , Ganguli Sayak
Published: October 2022

Pteridophytes and more specifically ferns represent a large but threatened group of plants which often serve as important environmental markers for pollution. Reports regarding stress responses in ferns are rare, apart from a few studies involving the ecological distribution and molecular marker studies. This work isolates a glutathione peroxidase enzyme from an aquatic fern widely distributed in fresh and polluted water bodies adjacent to sources of environmental polluted sources. Further computational analyses were performed to study the structure of the protein encoded by the open reading frame. Results indicate the presence of a large number of binding pockets which serve as important binding sites in the interactions with the cognate ligands.
Geographic Pattern as a Determinant Factor of Interlinking Climatic and Hydrological Components of the Natural Resources
Authors: Gaidukova Ekaterina V. , Kovalenko Victor V.
Published: October 2022

Some of the practical implications of the previously identified geographic patterns linking climate rate of surface temperature with the fractal dimension of a multi-year series of runoff, are presented. The statistical data, showing a role of coefficient of kurtosis at classification of distributions of density of probability in a range of air temperatures from –5 to 27 degrees Celsius are given. It is empirically established that statistical distributions of long-term average annual runoff series for the temperature zone with prevailing high values of the fractal dimension correspond to beta-distributions of type II and when plotted on the K. Pearson diagram this type is distinguished from probability density curves in other temperature zones by kurtosis (statistically significant). It is revealed that ignoring the coefficient of kurtosis means not taking into account the climatic component of natural resources. The results of the study can be used to assess the reliability of hydraulic structures and in the field of water management.
Shade Cum Fruit Yielding Avocado under Coffee Ecosystem
Authors: Govindappa M. , Elavarasan K.
Published: October 2022

Avocado is one of the most commonly preferred shades grown tree crop under Coffee ecosystem. In view of that, Peninsula of Nicoya and Cost Rica farmer was rated avocado (Persea americana L. Mill) is a primary shade tree crop under coffee plantation at the level of 66.3 per cent and it ranked as a fourth position after the Inga spp., Guazumala ulmiflora and Cardia alliodoara. Hence, the avocado is a commercially important shade cum fruit yielding tree under coffee ecosystem which has cultivating both in humid tropic as well as subtropical climates of throughout the world. The tree is basically grown as the forest species but later on as a shade growing tree under coffee cultivation because of high nutritional and medicinal values of fruit and it makes for wider diversity. Thereafter it was entered into the other parts of the world from Central America and Mexico. The tree is of multipurpose in nature and also helps to avoid the soil and water erosion by way of its wider spread canopy. Generally, Avocado leafs reduce the beating action of rain drops which in-turn minimize the soil erosion. The soil enrichment by adding the leaf litter continuously is an advantage in the coffee plantations. It yields in the additional economic returns after three to five years of establishment. Hence, the establishment of shade tree under coffee ecosystem will give additional income to the coffee growers, which mainly helps on lean period of coffee cultivation.
Characterization and Analyses of Hydrophobic Clusters, Acetylation and Myristoylation Sites in Plant Glutathione Peroxidase Sequences
Authors: Ganguli Sayak , Polley Anisha , Datta Abhijit
Published: October 2022

Incomplete reduction of oxygen molecules is the primary source for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cytosolic metabolism or mitochondrial respiration. These phenomenons may be as a result of biotic or abiotic stress. Exposure to exogenous stimuli such as radiation might be an alternative pathway of ROS production. Thus plants require counter defense strategies to combat the increase of this toxic molecular build up in its cell cytoplasm. As a result they have devised an army of free radical scavenging enzymes which enable them to dissipate the oxidative stress imposed by the accumulation of these toxic moieties. Glutathione Peroxidase forms an important part of this arms race along with several catalases and organelle specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. Plant glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) have been studied exclusively for their evolutionary lineages since they represent a hybrid class of molecules in context of the presence and absence of selenocysteine at their catalytic centres, the former situation predominant in non vascular plant groups while the later a predominant feature of vascular plants. This analysis focuses on three important aspects of protein structure analyses – hydrophobic cluster analyses for identification of homologues, and acetylation and myristoylation sites which provide us with information regarding the post translational modifications of a particular protein group. Specific patterns of clusters along with acetylation and myristoylation site frequencies were obtained which indicate that GPXs of non vascular plant members possess less chances of getting myristoylated while acetylation was predominant in most land plant lineages but absent in aquatic members.
An Investigation of 2013 Mw 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Irfan , Iqbal Muhammad Farooq , Mughal Muhammad Rizwan , Shahzad Muhammad Imran , Tariq Shahina , Ullah Kalim
Published: October 2022

Earthquake is a major disaster responsible for vast losses both life and infrastructure. Pakistan is one of the highly earthquake prone areas in Asia. The present study is carried out to investigate the dynamics of disastrous Awaran earthquake. The 2013 Mw 7.7 Awaran earthquake and its Mw 6.8 aftershock caused numerous loss of lives and vast infrastructure damages. The earthquake triggered along Hoshab fault rupturing 230 km of the fault. The rupture propagated at 3 Km/s on average and was concentrated in top 10 km with no major displacement in the underlying decollement. The rupture released a cumulative moment of 5.4 x 1020 Nm. This study reveals that although Hoshab fault originated as thrust fault, the slip was purely strike slip during the earthquake and that the rigid block rotation of southeastern Makran is responsible for the Awaran earthquake. The study concludes that the earthquake significantly increased the coulomb stress on Makran mega thrust and strike slip faults in Chaman fault system, hence increasing the risk of a major seismic event. Therefore, in order to prevent major loss of lives and infrastructure damages; designing of new building codes, reassessing the seismic hazard of the region and marking of hidden faults is of utmost importance.
Remote Sensing and GIS for Integrated Modeling and Analysis for Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones in Sarada River Basin, Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Kinthada Nooka Ratnam , Gurram Murali Krishna
Published: October 2022

The study aimed at identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones in agricultural intensive Sarada river basin using Remote sensing and GIS technology. Zones of water potentiality were mapped integrating various information layers in GIS environment which eventually helped weighted modeling to arrive at the final outcome. Hydrogeomorphic units such as alluvial plains, valley fills, shallow weathered pediplains and deeply weathered pediplainswere mapped. Eventually water potential zones in the basin were mapped and categorised them in to ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’. The study highlighted the effective use of Remote sensing and GIS technology for integrated analysis, identification and mapping of the groundwater potential zones in the Sarada river basin.
Minimization of Phenol by Natural Occurrence Adsorbent
Authors: Joshi Jigar , Sahu Omprakash
Published: October 2022

Phenol and chlorophenols are long-lived pollutants frequently found in industrial effluents. Phenols are widely used for the commercial production of a wide variety of resins including phenolic resins, epoxy resins and adhesives, and polyamide for various applications. Adsorption process has been proven one of the best water treatment technologies around the world and the removal of diverse types of pollutants from water. However, widespread use of commercial adsorbent is sometimes restricted due to its higher costs. Attempts have been made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing for the reduction of phenol from water. Four types of adsorbent clay, algae, moringa oleifera and rice husk has been used. Among all rice husk shown 97 % of phenol adsorption at 1mm particle size, pH 4, 3 g/l dosing and 150min contact time.
Effect of Nutrient Media and Phytohormones on In Vitro Establishment of Bambusa balcooa. Roxb.
Authors: Khan H. Rahaman , Burla Sreelekha , Siri Naga , Lavanya P.
Published: October 2022

Bambusa balcooa.Roxb. is one of the most commercially important bamboo species. Some varieties of bamboo are being grown in the company’s green house. However this species is very rare and it was not cultured until now due to lack of demand and maintenance problems. In this work B. balcooa ex-plants have been established and propagated by the axillary shoot bud proliferation method. Earlier several works have been done on this plant and a protocol has been. This work emphasizes on effects of phytohormones at different concentrations and combinations upon the novel propagules that develop from the bamboo explants on placing them in multiplication media. The propagules placed in media containing cytokinins BAP (2 mg/L) and Kinetin (1 mg/L) exhibited best results of linear as well as radial growth. The other propagules in media with combinations of BAP, Kinetin and NAA were found to be dried out and did not depict noticeable growth. Comparatively next best growth pattern to the former was observed in control media that lacked phytohormones. This experiment was helpful in estimating the
Identification and Binomial Computerization of Plant Species
Authors: Karthik K. , Pugalenthi M. , Sharavanan P.S.
Published: October 2022

The binomial computerization method is comparison of certain similarities and differences of plants identification system. The ultimate purpose of the plants identification process is method of using digital tools of database and creating new version of plants identification for constructing the digital keys. The present study of plant identification system is based on computerization processes. The plants species characters are constructing basis on taxonomical literature and followed by suitable classification system and binomial rules.
Reduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Waste Water by Algae
Authors: Sahu Omprakash
Published: October 2022

Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies. Biological wastewater treatment systems with micro algae have particularly gained importance in last 50 years and it is now widely accepted that algal wastewater treatment systems are as effective as conventional treatment systems. These specific features have made algal wastewaters treatment systems an significant low-cost alternatives to complex expensive treatment systems particularly for purification of municipal wastewaters. By this method 70 % of biological oxygen demand, 66 % of chemical oxygen demand, 71 % total nitrogen, 67 % of phosphorus, 54 % volatile solid and 51 % of dissolved solid was reduced
The Impact of Industrial Pollution with Toxic Gases on Stem Histological Parameters of Woody Plant Undergrowth under Conditions of the Southern Industrial Zone of the City of Dnipro, Ukraine
Authors: Iusypiva Tetiana , Miasoid Galyna
Published: October 2022

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on stem histological parameters of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L., which are natural forest edificators in the steppe zone of Ukraine. It shows that stem anatomical characteristics undergo quantitative changes in the annual undergrowth shoots of the two tree species under anthropogenic burden, with the most significant changes in the area of heavy pollution. Results indicate the decrease of such stem parameters as stem and stele diameters, wood radius and primary cortex thickness under high concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in seedlings of both species. However, this parameter drops in A. platanoides stems by reducing the collenchyme width, whereas it reduces in F. excelsior stems due to cork thickness loss. Another difference in the response of A. platanoides to the influence of phytotoxic pollutants compared to F. excelsior is the depletion of conducting elements of its phloem, which results in thinning the stem secondary cortex. The research findings prove high vulnerability of A. platanoides undergrowth to the chronic SO2 and NO2 exposure. Therefore, this woody species is suggested to be used as a test object in monitoring research on plants of virginal group in the technogenic areas contaminated with sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides.
Identification of Bioactive Polyphenolic Compounds and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Origanum acutidens
Authors: Aras Abdülmelik , Silinsin Muzaffer , Bingol Muhammed Nuri , Bursal Ercan
Published: October 2022

The main objective of the current work is to search the antioxidant activities of Origanum acutidens leaves by using DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC methods severally. Three well known antioxidant compounds (BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid) were used as standards for comparing the extracts. Also, phenolic compounds of Origanum acutidens leaves were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The high concentrations of rosmarinic acid (11158.99 ppb) quinic acid (3200.84 ppb) and naringenin (1238.45 ppb) were detected quantitatively.
Enhancement of Vegetative Parameters of Brinjal in Proplates by the Application of Bacterial Endophytes - Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Sivagamasundari U. , Gandhi A.
Published: October 2022

An experiment was carried out with endophytic fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from brinjal, in different combinations with inorganic fertilizers by seed inoculation of brinjal to observe preliminary vegetative growth at 15th and 30th day and pigment contents in vegetable nursery bed (proplates). A total number of 28 endophytic bacteria isolated from brinjal from three localities (Annamalai University, Karaikal and Putthur). Further the isolates were subjected to various biochemical tests for their species level identification and nitrogen fixing ability was estimated. Based upon their N-fixing ability and IAA production, two strains, one Azospirillum sp. and one Pseudomonas sp. isolate was selected and tested for its performance in brinjal. The seeds treated with 75% Chemical fertilizer + Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas fluorescens (T6) showed maximum plant vegetative characters, followed by others compared with control.
Induced Mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum
Authors: Mullainathan L. , Umavathi S.
Published: October 2022

The traditional varieties of chick pea have low potentiality and restricted variability with respect to economic characters. Broadening the genetic base for crop improvement can be quickly achieved through induced mutagenesis. The present study was undertaken in order to comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens on Cicer arietinum. In this regard, Co – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different dose/concentration of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was calculated based on biological damage in M1 and chlorophyll mutations in M2. The results indicated that, mutagenic effectiveness increased with the increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Intermediate treatments in general were found more efficient in causing less biological damage and inducing maximum amount of mutations. It shows that the chemical mutagens are more effective and efficient than physical mutagen for inducing mutation in Chick pea
Methanogens in the Environment: An Insight of Methane Yield and Impact on Global Climate Change
Authors: Pandey Ashish Kumar , Das Neelava , Muthu Kumar A. , Rao Srinivasa
Published: October 2022

Methane is a most important greenhouse gas for planetary heating and it’s produced by methanogenic microorganisms as a metabolic byproduct and creates climate change. Methanogens are ancient organisms on earth found in anaerobic environments and methane is a key greenhouse gas concerned with methanogens. Therefore here is intense interest to writing this paper. A number of experiments have already conducted to study the methanogens in various environments such as rumen and intestinal system of animals, fresh water and marine sediments, swamps and marshes, hot springs, sludge digesters, and within anaerobic protozoa which utilize carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen and produce methane. The diversity of methanogens, belong to the domain Archaea and get involved in biological production of methane that catalyzes the degradation of organic compound as a part of global carbon cycle called methanogenesis. Majorly in this article we summaries the diversity of methanogens and their impact on global warming.
Enhancement of Salt Tolerance via Glomus geosporum Inoculation in Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. Seedlings
Authors: Okon Okon G. , Eneh G.D.O. , Uboh G. D. , Uyon P. P.
Published: October 2022

The leafy vegetable Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa; it is indigenous to Southern Nigeria and is usually subjected to extreme salt stress in Southern Nigeria as well as in the world that results in significant loss of T. occidentalis production. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed at evaluating the response of T. occidentalis seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus geosporum) in saline soil and further to determine the threshold of T. occidentalis salinity tolerance in association with G. geosporum. The total photosynthetic pigments contents in saline soil treatment were significantly (p=0.05) reduced as well as percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization (53.97 to 22.41%). Mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) higher in saline soil treatments compared to control (100.00% to 15.13%). Mineral analysis of T. occidentalis leaves revealed increased uptake and accumulation of Na+ (500.00 mg/kg in control to 2920.13 mg/kg in saline soil treatment). Saline soil treatments significantly (p=0.05) reduced the K, Mg, N, P and Ca. AM Fungi significantly (p=0.05) increased the photosynthetic pigments and minerals both in saline and non-saline soil treatments. Using different mechanisms T. occidentalis by association with G. geosporum showed better salt tolerance thank the uninoculated plants. G. geosporum was able to impose some physiological and root morphological changes such as an extensive network of the mycorrhizal-plant roots to improve water and mineral nutrient uptake. Physiologically G. geosporum inoculation enriched T. occidentalis vigour, attuned the rate of K+/Na+ which restored nutrient and water balance in the plant and directly resulting in the enhancement of salt tolerance in T. occidentalis seedlings, thus improving growth and yield.
The Characteristics of Growth of Bacilli Formed Fouling on Wooden Constructions
Authors: Basarab Volodyslav Yu. , Voronkova Olga S. , Voronkova Yuliia S. , Severynovska Olena V.
Published: October 2022

Problem of biofilm formation have a great significance for environmental microbiological research. Biospheric microorganisms can form biofilm, that provide bacteria resistance to influence of different environmental factors. Some of the most common bacteria in biosphere are bacilli, among them there are film-forming strains. Bacillus spp. ia a well-known film forming microorganisms that colonize environmental objects. The biofilm fouling of underwater elements of small wooden constructions located on the Dnieper River near the city of the Dnipro (Ukraine) was studied. It was found that biofilms from surfaces of water constructions include bacilli. It is established that the mean values of CFU in samples from running and still water were (1.81±0.52)×108 and (1.83±0.53)×108 CFU / ml respectively per area of wooden sample approximately 1 cm2, while during the laboratory cultivation of the film, formed by these cultures on the plate, the number of cells was (4.90±0.93)×107 and (4.60±1.07)×107 CFU / ml per 1 cm2 of the well’s bottom, which was an approximate limit of the content of cells of the Bacillus spp. film per unit of area.
Water Quality Management of the Waters of the Romanian River Hârtibaciu
Authors: Șandru Daniela Maria
Published: October 2022

This study aims at monitoring physico-chemical features of the waters of the Hârtibaciu River in Romania with a view to establishing its qualitative benchmarks. Using the waters of this river for agricultural purposes leads to the establishment of its physical and chemical features and its falling within the related quality group. This study has monitored general chemical indicators and specific chemical indicators in the waters of the Hârtibaciu River; the resulting values show that it falls within the 2nd/3rd quality group.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Surface Waters, Bottom Sediments and Aquatic Organisms in Lake Mainit, Philippines
Authors: Ebol Emalina L. , Donoso Carlos H. , Saura Rex Bombet D. , Ferol Rolit Joan C. , Mozar Juliet Ruth D. , Bermon Arman N. , Manongas Jerry , Libot Joan Christine H. , Matabilas Cara Jane , Jumawan Joycelyn C. , Capangpangan Rey Y.
Published: October 2022

Lake Mainit is one of the largest lakes recognized as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in the Philippines with rich fishery resources. However, the lake is at risk from heavy metal contamination due to inputs of industrial, agricultural effluents and small-scale mining activities. The present work evaluated levels of heavy metals namely cadmium, lead, and mercury from key aquatic fauna and sediments from seven strategic sections of the lake in 2018. Muscle samples of all seven fish species assessed were below detections limits (BDL) for tHg and Cd. Trace concentrations of Pb in the muscles were detected in Oreochromis niloticus, Glossogobius giuris, Channa striata and Vivipara angularis but values were within safe ranges. Trace concentrations of Pb in the riverine crab (Sundathelpusa sp) exceeded safe limits. Both Cd and tHg were below detection limits in the three invertebrates assessed. Traces of Pb were detected in S4 (Magtiaco) and S5 (Jaliobong) below standard limits (0.05 ppm) only during the southwest (SW) monsoon but Pb were not detected across all stations during the NE monsoon of 2018. For Cd, however, trace concentrations were detected only during the NE monsoon wherein Cd in S2 (Mayag), S3 (Magpayang), S4 (Magtiaco), S5 (Jaliobong), S6 (Dinarawan) and S7 (Kalinawan) exceeded standard limits for Cd in waters (0.01 ppm). Concentrations of tHg in the water were not detected across the two sampling seasons in all seven tributary stations. In sediments, Pb were all detected during the southwest monsoon with highest Pb concentrations in S6 (Dinarawan) and S7 (Kalinawan) which exceeded safe limits. Trace Cd in sediments were mostly below detectable limits. Concentrations of tHg in sediments exceeded safe limits during the SE monsoon in S4 (Magtiaco) and S7 (Kalinawan) areas. These findings recommended that continuous heavy metal monitoring must be conducted. It is also strongly suggested to evaluate the presence of heavy metals in other aquatic organisms and assess the ecological risk posed by these heavy metals though heavy metal speciation analysis.
Seasonal Variability of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the Ambient Environment of IMO State, Nigeria
Authors: Njoku Pascal , Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Alinnor Jude , Opara Alexander Iheanyichukwu
Published: October 2022

The air quality of four areas in Imo State with a total of twenty two locations was monitored for a period six months with respect to CO level using Gasman air monitor (Crowcon Instruments Ltd, England. The air quality monitoring was conducted in the morning, afternoon and evening hours within dry and wet seasons in order to elucidate the variability of this atmospheric pollutant in the study locations. The results obtained showed significant variation of the air pollutant in the morning, afternoon and evening including within the twenty four weeks, and between dry and wet seasons. The mean values of CO in the dry season are in the order Egbema > Okigwe > Owerri > Orlu, while the order for the mean CO level in wet season is Okigwe > Orlu > Egbema > Owerri. Elevated concentration of CO was observed in the study areas above 10 ppm, the Nigerian National ambient air quality standard. This observation calls for health and environmental concern. Hence, anthropogenic activities and fugitive emission sources of atmospheric pollutants such as increased vehicular traffic, biomass combustion, use of electric power generating sets, leakages from incinerators and flare stacks should be seriously monitored.
Computational Fishing and Structural Analysis of MIPS Protein from Two Important Plant Groups
Authors: Hazra Anjan
Published: October 2022

Myo Inositol 1-Phosphate Synthase (MIPS), which catalyzes the first step of inositol metabolism, has been reported from a diverse range of organism like bacteria to human including different groups of plants and animals. The present work is carried out to explore and analyze structural forms of the respective MIPS proteins from complete sequenced genome or proteome available on database of one representative from two important plant groups viz. bryophyte (Physcomitrella patens) and pteridophyte (Selaginella moellendorffii). Previously reported characteristic MIPS sequences was used to identify it’s homolog ones from those members under study. The explored sequences compared with a number of MIPS varieties from other plant members to study the conserveness or evolution of the protein/enzyme. ProtParam tool provided necessary theoretical physicochemical data of the predicted proteins, the three-dimensional structures were predicted through homology modelling with identified amino acid data. Structural evaluation and stereochemical analyses were performed using ProSA-webdisplaying Z-scores and Molprobityvisualising Ramachandran plot.
مقاصد المعاملات ومراصد الواقعات
Authors: بن بيه عبد الله
Published: October 2022

يتناول هذا الكتاب مسائل معاصرة في قضايا الأموال والمعاملات، مُعنْونة في مجموعة من البحوث، تميّزت بشيوع الروح المقاصدية، وذلك على اعتبار أن المقاصد أصبحت مرجعا أعلى ومعيارا أسمى في مواقع الاجتهاد التي تغلب على جل القضايا المعاصرة، كالأزمة المالية الموجودة حاليا. فجاءت محاولة من الشيخ العلامة بن بية في تلمُّس واقع عالمي جديد قائم على مبادئ العدالة والأمن، خاصة في المجال الاقتصادي، حيث يتعرض في دراسته للأزمة المالية التي تسبب فيها النظام الرأسمالي الربوي في إخلال الإستقرار في العالم الحديث.
Shear Capacity Analysis of Steel Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Elements Based on The Bond Strength
Authors: Zhang Jianwen , ZHANG Yin , GAO Chen , Mengke SHI
Published: October 2022

Push-out tests of steel reinforced lightweight concrete(SRLC) were carried out for nine specimens which were designed according to the orthogonal test method considering four influence factors including strength of lightweight aggregate concrete, stirrup ratio, thickness of protective layer and anchorage length. The curves of average bond stress and loading-end slip were drawn, the characteristics of split failure and push-out failure were analyzed, and the characteristic bond strength was obtained. Combined with the test results of other scholars on the ultimate bond strength of steel reinforced concrete(SRC), it is found that the bond strength of SRLC is not worse than that of normal concrete(NC) which can be taken the same as 0.5MPa. Then the obtained bond strength can be used to calculate the shear strength of SRLC elements which may occur two forms of shear failure-diagonal shear failure and shear bond failure, however, shear bond failure is ignored in some specifications. Shear bond failure capacity computational formula of SRLC elements is deduced into which the bond strength is introduced.To verify the reasonability and accuracy of the proposed approach, the shear capacity and failure pattern are predicted by the proposed means with previous test results and are also compared with other provisions. The analyses and calculations indicate that the proposed method can accurately predict the shear failure mode and the calculated shear capacity values are in better agreement with the experimental results.
Unseen Microalgal Diversity – Phytotelmata in Neoregelia spp. L.B. Smith (Bromeliaceae) from Florists Wholesalers in Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Arguelles Eldrin
Published: October 2022

The aquatic microcosms in plant axils of bromeliads are unique and favorable habitat for diverse kinds of new and rare species of microalgae. This study presents the first taxonomic survey in the Philippines to focus on the algal community existing in phytotelmata of Neoregelia spp. L.B. Smith (Bromeliaceae) from florist wholesalers in Laguna. A total of 20 microalgal taxa were described and taxonomically identified – of which six species belong to Cyanophyceae, five species both for Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae, two species for Trebouxiophyceae, and one species each for Euglenophyceae and Zygnematophyceae. The study reports an additional of eleven species (Chlorella vulgaris, Dictyochloropsis splendida, Stigeoclonium tenue, Chlorococcum infusionum, Pinnularia rumrichiae, Cymbella affinis, Chroococcus schizodermaticus, Pseudanabaena minima, Oscillatoria limosa, Oscillatoria tenuis, and Euglena agilis) as new records in the global inventory list of phytotelm microalgae and 14 new taxa as additional records of microalgae in phytotelm microhabitat of Asia. Also, the occurrence of a microalga, Dictyochloropsis splendida Geitler, is described for the first time in the Philippines. Keys and diagnostic descriptions as well as photomicrographs are presented to differentiate the species of phytotelm microalgae. The survey provided important taxonomic records and information on the species composition of phytotelm microalgae of bromeliad tanks found in the Philippines.
First Report on the Density and Size Frequency Distribution of the Napoleon Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus in the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Philippines
Authors: Nañola Cleto , Paradela Mae Angelie , Songco Angelique , Pagliawan Maria Retchie , Alarcon Rowell , Santos Mudjekeewis
Published: October 2022

The Napoleon wrasse – Cheilinus undulatus, locally known as “mameng” – was assessed as “endangered” in 2004 under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment and is also listed under the Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Although there are numerous reports of Napoleon wrasse sightings by tourists and researchers in the two atolls within the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), its density and size-frequency distribution have not been formally documented. A thorough survey was conducted in TRNP in May 2017 employing the fish visual census (FVC) technique but with a much broader swath width. A total reef area of 103 hectares not frequently visited by tourists was surveyed in the North and South Atolls, where a total of 641 individuals was recorded with an average density of 6.83 individuals/ha. Density comparison between atolls showed a significant difference (Welch’s two-sample t-test (t5.42 = –3.28, p < 0.05). South Atoll has a higher density (8.13 individuals/ha ± 1.11 se) than the North Atoll (4.20 individuals/ha ± 0.46 se). However, by size class, the North Atoll was significantly larger (n = 398; median = 65 cm) than in the South Atoll (n = 243; median = 60 cm) based on Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (W = 55,674, p < 0.05). A comparison of density and size class between the NW and SE coastline in the North Atoll showed no significant difference. Juveniles were also found at a site at the North Atoll. Taken together, these findings suggest that TRNP may serve as a source and a sink at the same time. This implies that TRNP is a key habitat for the Napoleon wrasse in the Sulu Sea and possibly in the adjacent seas through its pelagic larvae.
Adsorption of Cadmium (II) onto Oxidized Activated Carbon Derived from Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) Pericarp: Equilibrium, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics
Authors: Granada John Rafael , Yago Allan Christopher , Solis Jose
Published: October 2022

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto oxidized activated carbon derived from mahogany pericarp were studied. The activated carbon was prepared via initial carbonization and activation by phosphoric acid, followed by oxidization using different concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3; 2.5 M, 5.0 M, and 10.0 M). With increasing concentration of HNO3, the number of carboxylic acid groups increased while the number of phenolic groups decreased. Adsorption equilibrium studies revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) increased with the increasing degree of oxidation of carbon material. The adsorption of Cd2+ ions onto the oxidized carbon was best described by the Freundlich model. Results of kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto the oxidized activated carbon is limited by film diffusion; for the unmodified carbon, Cd(II) adsorption was limited by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption process onto the oxidized activated carbon materials was determined to be spontaneous, at the temperature range studied (25–50 °C).
PERAN GEREJA TERHADAP KONSELING PASTORAL DALAM MENJANGKAU PENDERITA GANGGUAN JIWA DI WILAYAH KOTA SORONG
Authors: Elias Thomson F.E. , Marlessy Claudya F.
Published: October 2022

Gereja adalah persekutuan orang-orang percaya yang di panggil oleh Allah, masuk dalam persekutuan dengan Yesus Kristus, kemudian diutus pergi untuk melayani sesama manusia di tengah dunia ini. Gereja ini ada dan berdiri bukan hanya untuk dirinya sendiri, melainkan untuk dunia ini juga, dengan tujuan dasar, memberitakan khabar sukacita. Khabar sukacita ini didalamnya berbicara mengenai Yesus Kristus, yang adalah sukacita itu sendiri. Sukacita ini hadir sebagai pembebas yang tidak hanya membebaskan manusia dari masalah spritualnya tetapi juga yang meniadakan batas-batas keterbelakangan sosial dari manusia itu. Inilah peran gereja sebagai penerus missi Yesus Kristus. Perlu diketahui bahwa Gangguan jiwa juga termasuk dalam ladang missi itu, karena mereka yang ada pada taraf gangguan jiwa ini, termasuk juga dalam kategori terhilang, bukan saja terhilang dari kepribadiannya, keluarganya, masyarakat, tapi juga terhilang dari persekutuan anggota gereja. Melihat pemaparan dan dampak gangguan jiwa diatas, maka penulis tertarik untuk meneliti, sejauh mana “Peranan Gereja Maranatha Remu Dalam Pelayanan Pastoralnya Bagi Gangguan Jiwa”. Penulis mengambil judul ini dengan tujuan: (1) Membuka mata gereja akan realitas kehidupan gangguan jiwa berhubungan dengan tanggung jawabnya bagi manusia, (2) Membantu mengingatkan gereja bahwa Pelayanan konseling terhadap penderita gangguan jiwa harus menjadi bagian penting dari pelayanan Gereja, (3) Memperbaiki cara berfikir pembaca mengenai gangguan jiwa, (4) Menambah wawasan pembaca sehingga mampu memahami penderita gangguan jiwa, (5) Pencapaiannya dapat meminits angka gangguan jiwa di-Wilayah Kota Sorong.    Penelitian ini dilakukan di GKI Maranatha Remu Sorong, waktu penelitian yang digunakan peneliti dalam melakukan proses penelitian ini yaitu sekitar 3 bulan, mulai dari bulan Juni-Agustus.