bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐256L: Late‐News Poster: Realization of Reliable Splay‐to‐Bend Transition for OCB‐Mode LCD Based on Analyzing Behavior of Disclination
Authors: Kuboki Ken , Kishimotog Tadashi , Hamakubo Yuriko , Wako Kazuhiro , Ishinabe Takahiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Suzuki Yoshito , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: January 2009

OCB‐mode LCD, which has fast response, requires Splay‐to‐Bend transition before operation. This paper describes quantitative analysis for formation and spread of disclination to create nuclei of the transition and spread area of bend alignment. We designed and produced the prototype of 6.5 inch Full‐HD OCB‐mode FSC‐LCD based on mentioned analysis.
P‐176: New High‐Performance Algorithm for 2+2 Dynamic Drive Scheme for Cholesteric LCDs
Authors: Rybalochka Andriy , Sorokin Viktor
Published: January 2009

A novel waveform composition method for passive matrix addressing of Cholesteric LCDs is proposed. for the first time for 2+2 dynamic drive schemes we show that during addressing while one row is in the selection stage other rows can be in two different addressing stages — the preparation and holding stages. It allows us to decrease the frame time for addressing with no row‐number‐dependent and no data‐pattern‐dependent defects. Also, we present comparative analysis of the new and some previously known 2+2 dynamic drive schemes in which different waveform composition methods and pipeline algorithms are used.
15.1: Improvements Made to the Contrast Ratio of PDPs in a Bright Room by Coating the Phosphors with Pigments
Authors: Moon Eun‐A , Jeong Byoung‐Woo , Bae Bom‐Jin , Kim Je‐Seok , Ryu Byoung‐Gyl , Choi Jeong‐Sik , Park Eung‐Chul
Published: January 2009

In order to improve the contrast ratio of PDPs in the bright room, the reflection luminance of the panel needs to be decreased while the luminance is increased. In this particular process, we decreased the panel reflection by coating the phosphors with pigments of each color. In order to minimize the loss of brightness, we did not coat the green phosphor with its respective pigment. The main reason this was not done was due to the fact that the green phosphor is the most important emission material for the brightness of PDPs, but the green pigment is the most ineffective material in lowering the reflectance. This technique was applied to a 50″ PDP panel. The results showed a contrast ratio increase of 15% without any sacrifice of the luminance by just adjusting the transmittance of the front filter.
P‐177: Multi‐Line Addressing of LCDs with Simple Diagonal Matrices
Authors: Gopalan Ramya , Ruckmongathan Temkar N.
Published: January 2009

A multi‐line addressing technique that is based on diagonal matrices is demonstrated. Number of time intervals to complete a cycle is independent of the number of address lines that are selected simultaneously. Good brightness uniformity is achieved among pixels that are driven to the same state.
P‐178: Modified Discrete Cosine Transform for Addressing Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Gopalan Sowmya , Ruckmongathan Temkar N.
Published: January 2009

An addressing technique that is based on modified discrete cosine transform (M‐DCT) is proposed to drive RMS responding matrix displays. Time taken to switch from one arbitrary gray shade to another is almost independent of initial and final gray shades.
P‐179: Modeling and Prototyping of Optically Compensated VA LCD
Authors: Lazarev Alexander , Geivandov Artur , Kasianova Irina , Kharatiyan Ellina , Palto Serguei
Published: January 2009

A new double‐layer thin retardation film developed by Crysoptix provides an efficient optical compensation of vertically aligned LCD. The advantages of Thin Birefringent Film (TBF™) technology enable in‐cell application of the retarder. The VA LC cell prototyping confirms the optical simulation data.
P‐181: Axially Symmetric Liquid‐Crystal Polarization Converter
Authors: Tzeng Ying‐Yu , Ke Shih‐Wei , Ting Chi‐Lun , Fuh Andy Y.‐G. , Lin Tsung‐Hsien
Published: January 2009

This work demonstrates axially symmetric polarization converters based on photo‐alignment in dye‐doped liquid crystal (DDLC) films. A linear‐shape and linearly polarized beam is applied onto a rotated homogeneous DDLC cell to achieve three axially symmetric polarizations — radial, azimuthal and vortical. Additionally, the spiral degree of the axially symmetric vortical polarization can be controlled by varying the polarization of the pumping light and the simulation results agree well with the experiment.
P‐182: Novel Liquid Crystal Switch Array Based on Total Internal Reflection
Authors: Xu Peizhi , Ho Jacob , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: January 2009

A novel liquid crystal switch array based on TIR effect has been presented, which can be applied to not only the display area but also the communication area. Analysis and optimization for all the related parameters for the TIR‐based LC switch have been conducted. The prototype has been fabricated according to the obtained optimal configuration. High contrast and fast response can be observed in both simulation and experiment.
P‐183: Refraction Control in Optical Films for LCD
Authors: Lazarev Alexander , Geivandov Artur , Kharatiyan Ellina , Lazarev Pavel , Yurchenko Darya
Published: January 2009

We developed a method for manufacturing of coatable Thin Birefringent Films (TBF™) with control over values of three principal refraction indices. The control of ratios between principal refractive indices is based on varying formulation of the coatable material and conditions of post‐treatment of the coated film. NZ factor of the obtained retarders ranges from 0.0 up to 0.8.
P‐184: Optical Compensation for High Contrast Ratio in Reflective Horizontal Switching LC Cell
Authors: Choi Jung‐Min , Kim Kyung‐Mi , Ji Seung‐Hoon , Lee Gi‐Dong
Published: January 2009

We propose an optical configuration for the reflective liquid crystal (LC) cell with single polarizer that can show excellent contrast ratio by effectively eliminating phase dispersion. The proposed configuration consists of a half‐wave retarder, an A‐plate, a quarter‐wave LC cell and a reflector. We designed this optical configuration on a Poincaré sphere with the trigonometric method. From the calculation, we confirm that the proposed configuration provides high contrast ratio over than 2 times compared to the conventional configuration.
P‐185: Single Cell Gap Single Mode Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with High Optical Efficiency
Authors: Tan Li , Li Yuet‐Wing , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: January 2009

A transflective liquid crystal display with single cell gap single mode structure is reported. Electrically controllable birefringence (ECB) mode is applied at both reflective (R) and transmissive (T) regions. with optimized orientation of only two compensation films, very high brightness is achieved for both R and T regions. At the same time, the dark state has nearly no color dispersion. High contrast ratio is achieved. Moreover, the electro‐optical characteristics of R and T regions match with each other well. The fabrication process is also very easy.
P‐188: Optical Configuration of Transflective Liquid Crystal Display for Dynamic and Memory Operating Mode
Authors: Jhun Chul Gyu , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Park Sang‐Hyun , Min Kwan‐Sik , Kwon Soon‐Bum , Lee Joong Ha , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: January 2009

We propose an optical configuration of transflective liquid crystal display (LCD), which can be operated not only as a bistable device but also as a monostable one. By using the parameter space diagram (PSD) method, the memory mode and the dynamic mode are optimized for a reflective type and a transmissive type, respectively. We demonstrate excellent optical performance of our transflective dual mode, such as an excellent dark state and high contrast ratio.
P‐189: Fast Response Transflective Display Using a Tight Pitch Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal in a Single Gap Configuration
Authors: Kim Dong‐Woo , Jang Eunje , Lim Yong‐Woon , Lee Sin‐Doo , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: January 2009

We report on a fast response transflective display using a vertically aligned tight pitch ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) in a single gap configuration. The optical path difference between transmissive and reflective regions is compensated by adopting in‐plane electrodes on two substrates and on one substrate, respectively. In our transflective FLC display, several unique features such as uniform alignment, fast response, and gray scale capability are demonstrated.
P‐191: Reflective LCD Mode of Twisted Liquid Crystal Designed for Low Voltage Driving
Authors: Lee Chang‐Hoon , Gwag Jin Seog , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: January 2009

We have investigated a reflective type of nematic liquid crystal display (LCD) using 180° twisted state configuration in the π cell which comprises one polarizer and one optical retardation film. This reflective mode has lower driving voltage as well as sufficient gray. Consequently, proposed reflective LC mode could be suitable for low power consumption with excellent optical image by various gray levels.
P‐193: Single Gap and Single Gamma Transflective Display Using Fringe‐Field Switching Mode
Authors: Kim Jin Ho , Chin Mi Hyung , Jeong Eun , Lim Young Jin , Srivastava Anoop Kumar , Lee Seung Hee
Published: January 2009

A new transflective liquid crystal displays associated with fringe field switching (FFS) mode is proposed. The device utilizes unique characteristic of the FFS mode in which the rotation angle of LC director is dependent on electrode position in on state. with optimization of pixel electrode width and distance between them, the LC director could rotate about 22.5° and 45° depending on electrode positions. Consequently, the region with low and high rotation angle could be played as reflective and transmissive regions, respectively, realizing a high image quality transflective display with single gap and single gamma characteristics.
P‐258L: Late‐News Poster: Analysis of Internal Reflectance in AFFS Plus Technology
Authors: Park Jun Baek , Choi Suk , Shin Young Joon , Park Kwang Hyun , Cho Yoon Sung
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we have investigated about internal reflectance in AFFS plus. Internal reflectance is composed of metal and pixel reflectance. From the calculation, designed metal reflectance is almost same to measured reflectance. To improve pixel reflectance and outdoor readability, DBEF sheet and negative LC with high efficiency is adopted.
P‐194: New 8‐Domain MVA LCD with Reduced Color Shift
Authors: Lu Ruibo , Wu Shin‐Tson , Lee Seung Hee , Li Wang‐Yang , Wei Chung‐Kuang
Published: January 2009

A new MVA LCD is proposed by introducing an electric shielding layer to divide a unit pixel into at least two different regions with different threshold voltages. Such a MVA exhibits a wide view angle and much weaker color shift using only one TFT which is attractive for TV applications.
P‐195: Enhanced Outdoor Readability in AFFS Plus Technology by Negative LC
Authors: Choi Suk , Park Jun Baek , Jang Soon Ju , Park Kwang Hyun , Cho Yoon Sung
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we have developed 10.4 inch XGA tablet with upgraded advanced fringe‐field switching plus (AFFS+ Ver.2). AFFS+ Ver.2 adopts optimized electro‐dynamics technology of negative LC with high reflectance (∼ 2.0%) and high contrast ratio (∼ 900:1) as well as high transmittance (∼9.3%) for superior outdoor readability.
15.4: Tin Oxide Transparent Conductor for PDP
Authors: Feldman Bernard , Tolner Harm , McLean Douglas
Published: January 2009

Tin doped Indium Oxide (ITO) is the standard transparent conductor (TC) used for flat panel displays (FPDs). Indium is scarce and expensive; consequently there is mounting pressure to find a less costly replacement for it.
P‐198: Azimuthally Continuous Nematic Domain Mode Using Electrode Structure with Circular Slit
Authors: Bae Kwang‐Soo , Gwag Jin Seog , Han In‐Yung , Lee You‐Jin , Choi Yoonseuk , Choi Jong‐Sun , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: January 2009

We proposed azimuthally continuous nematic domain (ACD) mode characterized by a cone‐like‐ field of patterned electrode with a circular slit. Such an electrode structure avoids the domain defect induced in a turn of chevron type electrode of patterned vertical aligned nematic (PVA) mode. Consequently, this ACD mode has wider viewing and higher transmittance with maintaining the merits of PVA mode. Therefore, we expect that this proposed mode will be applied to various liquid crystal displays.
P‐201: Chiral Hybrid In‐Plane Switching LC Mode for High Brightness and Contrast Ratio
Authors: Kim Young‐Ki , Gwag Jin Seog , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: January 2009

We propose a new liquid crystal display (LCD) mode, named as chiral hybrid in‐plane switching (CHI) mode, which has high brightness and contrast ratio by using a twist effect applied to a conventional hybrid mode on the interdigitated electrode. The mode is optimized to normally white mode without any loss of transmittance on the electrode. The mode has also excellent darkness under field on because LCs are well aligned parallel to the optics axis of polarizer due to lower bulk elastic strength.
P‐203: The Improvement of White OLED's Performance
Authors: Nishimura Kazuki , Kawamura Masahiro , Jinde Yukitoshi , Yabunouchi Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Arakane Takashi , Iwakuma Toshihiro , Funahashi Masakazu , Fukuoka Kenichi , Hosokawa Chishio
Published: January 2009

We have researched further improvement upon three‐component white OLED devices with using fluorescent materials disclosed in SID'07. The long lifetime over 70,000hr@1,000cd/m2 maintaining at a high efficiency of 20cd/A was achieved by optimization of a carrier balance with using new carrier transport materials. Performance of blue and red OLEDs were also developed in order to enhance capability of white OLEDs, respectively. A long lifetime of 50,000hr@1,000cd/m2 was achieved by a new light blue dopant BD‐5. Meanwhile, we studied phosphorescent materials for the red device to progress towards further low power consumption. A low driving voltage of 4.4V at 10mA/cm2 and a long lifetime of 100,000hr@1,000cd/m2 were realized by employing a new host material and new carrier transport materials. These materials will contribute to large‐Size OLED TVs with color filter method or lighting application for practical use.
P‐204: Distinguished Poster Paper: A Near Infrared OLED for Day/Night Display
Authors: Brooks Jason , Michalski Lech , Ma Ray , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J. , Borek Carsten , Griffe Laurent , Thompson Mark E.
Published: January 2009

Recently there has been a growing interest in OLEDs that emit in the near infrared region (700–1250nm) for covert night vision applications. Here we report our results on a highly efficiency phosphorescent metalloporphyrin OLED device with a λmax= 765 nm. We will demonstrate a bi‐color day/ covert night active matrix display fabricated on flexible metal using this material for the IR pixel.
P‐205: OLED Display Sharpness with Diffuser
Authors: Cok Ronald S.
Published: January 2009

Light is trapped within thin‐film LED devices due to the high optical index of the light‐emitting layers. This light can be extracted from the LED by locating a diffuser within the high‐index optical structure. However, such a diffuser can decrease the sharpness of the emitted light if the device is not properly constructed. Issues associated with diffusers in thin‐film LED devices are discussed. A suitable structure for an OLED with an experimental demonstration and measurement of device sharpness is described.
P‐206: Improved OLEDs with Single Ambipolar Material for Hole‐Transport and Electron‐Transport Layers
Authors: Lin Mei‐Fang , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Cheah Kok‐Wai , Tam Hoi‐Lam , Tse Shing Chi , So Shu‐Kong , Chen Chin H.
Published: January 2009

An organic light‐emitting device (OLED) with enhanced efficiency by employing an ambipolar material, 2‐methyl‐9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) as both hole‐transport and electron‐transport layers has been developed. The efficiency of the device is more than 40% enhanced compared with a control device. Moreover, the operational stability is also greatly improved as it minimizes the formation of all unstable redox species of Alq3+ as well as NPB−.
P‐209: New Green Phosphorescent Host Materials
Authors: Jeon Woo Sik , Park Tae Jin , Park Jung Joo , Kim Sun Young , Pode Ramchandra , Jang Jin , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: January 2009

We report novel bipolar host materials for high efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode devices (PHOLEDs). Phenyl moieties were inserted in a 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazolebipheyl (CBP) structure to reduce electron injection barrier and enhance electron mobility. The significant improvement of current and power efficiencies and reduction in turn‐on voltage in green light‐emitting PHOLEDs by this modification are observed. At a given constant luminance of 1000 cd/m2, current efficiency 53 cd/A, low driving voltage 6.5 V, and power efficiency 27 lm/W in 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazoleterpheyl (CTP) host with Ir(ppy)3 dopant are reported. Results show better performance in green PHOLEDs with new host materials than CBP.
P‐210: Phosphorescence Ranging from Blue to Red from tris‐Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complexes and Application to Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Ren Xiaofan , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Giesen David J. , Deaton Joseph C. , Klubek Kevin P.
Published: January 2009

Color tuning in the Ir(III)‐based phosphores has been accomplished by alteration of the cyclometalated ligand (C∧N). Highly efficient phosphorescence with emission peaks in the blue, green, yellowish‐green, yellow, and red spectral regions has been realized and their use in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) is described in this paper. Efficient blue phosphorescent devices can achieve external quantum efficiencies up to 8.8% at 1 mA/cm2 with CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.23). with the addition of one bluish‐green‐emitting and four red‐emitting coumarin‐based Ir(III) dopants to the family of the coumarin‐based Ir(III) dopants reported previously, highly efficient and long‐lived OLEDs, with colors ranging from green, yellowish‐green, yellow, to red, have been realized. Incorporation of these coumarin‐based cyclometalated Ir(III) dopants into novel tandem OLED structures gives highly efficient and stable white OLEDs.
3.1: Distinguished Paper: 12.1‐Inch WXGA AMOLED Display Driven by Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide TFTs Array
Authors: Jeong Jae Kyeong , Jeong Jong Han , Choi Jong Hyun , Im Jang Soon , Kim Sung Ho , Yang Hui Won , Kang Ki Nyeng , Kim Kwang Suk , Ahn Tae Kyung , Chung Hyun‐Joong , Kim Minkyu , Gu Bon Seog , Park Jin‐Seong , Mo Yeon‐Gon , Kim Hye Dong , Chung Ho Kyoon
Published: January 2009

The full color 12.1‐inch WXGA active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was, for the first time, demonstrated using indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) as an active‐matrix back plane. It was found that the fabricated AMOLED display did not suffer from the well‐known pixel non‐uniformity of luminance, even though the simple structure consisting of 2 transistors and 1 capacitor was adopted as a unit pixel circuit, which was attributed to the amorphous nature of IGZO semiconductor. The n‐channel a‐IGZO TFTs exhibited the field‐effect mobility of 8.2 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 1.1 V, on/off ratio of > 108, and subthreshold gate swing of 0.58 V/decade. The AMOLED display with a‐IGZO TFT array would be promising for large size applications such as note PC and HDTV because a‐IGZO semiconductor can be deposited on large glass substrate (> Gen. 7) using conventional sputtering system.
P‐212: Architecture Design for Efficient True‐Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Chen Chung‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Hao , Wu Chung‐Chih , Yang Cheng‐Han , Chi Yun
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we report an effective architecture for true‐blue phosphorescent OLEDs using a series of novel blue‐emitting Ir complexes. It incorporates double‐emitting layers (one hole‐transport, one electron‐transport) and double buffer layers, for achieving balanced carrier injection/transport and carrier/exciton confinement. The efficiencies of true‐blue phosphorescent OLEDs can be up to 13.7% photon/electron, 20.4 cd/A, 14 lm/W, with the true‐blue CIE coordinates of (0.157, 0.189).
P‐218: High‐Efficiency White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Hybrid‐Spacer
Authors: Seo Ji Hoon , Seo Ji Hyun , Kim Young Kwan , Hyung Gun Woo , Hwang Jang Hwan , Shin Dong Myung , Lee Kum Hee , Kwon Young Soo , Yoon Seung Soo , Kim You Hyun , Kim Woo Young
Published: January 2009

The authors have demonstrated high‐efficient white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) using three‐emitting materials, 4″‐(2,2‐diphenylvinyl)‐1‐[4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)‐styryl]‐terphenyl (PVAS‐tPh) as a blue emission, fac‐tris(2‐phenypyridine) iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) as a green emission, bis(5‐benzoyl‐2‐phenylpyridinato‐C,N)iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) ((Bzppy)2Ir(III)acac) as a red emision. for higher efficiency, hybrid‐spacer (HS) was inserted between each emissive layer (blue‐red, red‐green, and green‐blue emissive layers). It was found that the WOLEDs using HS showed maximum power efficiency of 28.69 lm/W, maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.1%, and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIEx,y) coordinates of (x=0.37, y=0.37), respectively.
P‐220: NPB‐Based RGB Single‐Layer OLEDs
Authors: Tsung Ka Kin , Tse Shing Chi , So Shu Kong
Published: January 2009

A blue single‐layer organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) was fabricated using a common hole transporter, N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐bis (1‐naphthyl) (1,1′‐biphenyl)‐ 4,4′diamine (NPB). By doping the NPB layer with RGB dopants, the luminance and the current efficiency have been improved enormously. The charge transport mechanism will also be examined.
P‐222: Solution‐Processed Red‐Emission Oligofluorene Electrophosphorescent Diodes
Authors: Li Juo‐Hao , Yang Yang , Andresen Sven
Published: January 2009

Efficient red‐emission electrophosphorescent diodes based on a blend of oligofluorene host and phosphorescent dopant are demonstrated in this article. Devices have optimum performances with 1 wt% doping concentration and can be further enhanced by a process of solvent treatment before the deposition of cathode contact. As a result, a peak efficiency of 12 cd A−1 and 6 lm W−1 at 2000 cd m−2 is achieved at a CIE coordinate (0.66, 0.33).
P‐223: Enhanced Power Efficiency of Single‐Layer White Triplet Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes by Blending with Polymer Oxides
Authors: Chen Yung‐Shiuan , Chien Shang‐Chieh , Chen Fang‐Chung , Lian Jan‐Tian , Tsou Chien‐Lung , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

In this study, we have demonstrated enhanced performance of blue, red and white phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes PLEDs) by blending poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the active layer of the devices. By introducing PEG into the PLEDs, the turn‐on voltages of these devices became lower than those of the conventional devices. In addition, the luminance efficiency and the external quantum efficiency of the blue and white phosphorescent PLEDs were both improved. Most important of all, because of the lower operating voltage, the higher power efficiency (7.3 lm/W, 1.5 lm/W, 4.6lm/W) of the blue, red and white phosphorescent PLEDs than those of the control devices (2.9 lm/W, 1.1 lm/W, 1.9 lm/W) have been achieved, respectively. Finally, the improvement mechanism will be discussed.
P‐224: Damage‐Free Cathode Coating Process for OLEDs
Authors: Prakash Shiva
Published: January 2009

OLED displays require the growth of inorganic films over organic films. The inorganic film sometimes manifests as cathode metal (bottom‐emission displays), or as the optical enhancement layer (OEL, in top emission displays). Sputtering is the first process of choice in both cases due to simplicity, low cost and scalability. However, plasma damage to the organic underlayers prevents sputtering from being routinely used. A closed‐drift ion beam sputtering process was found effective in growing inorganic films with negligible damage to the organic underlayers.
P‐225: Suppressed Efficiency Roll‐Off in Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Jang Jyongsik , Yook Kyoung Soo , Kim Oh Young , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: January 2009

Origin of efficiency roll‐off in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes was investigated with triplet mixed host devices and stable devices with little efficiency roll‐off was developed. Efficiency roll‐off was significant in the device with narrow recombination zone and charge leakage out of emitting layer at high luminance was critical to efficiency roll‐off. Efficiency roll‐off could be reduced in triplet mixed host device with broad recombination zone and little charge leakage at high driving voltage. Triplet mixed host devices with an exciton blocking layer showed a quantum efficiency over 90 % of maximum quantum efficiency at a luminance of 20,000 cd/m2.
16.3: Enhanced Oblique Viewing Angle Color Performance for S‐PVA Panels
Authors: Park Bongim , Moon Hoi‐Sik , Jun Bong‐Ju , Jeong Jae‐Won , Kim Nam Deog , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2009

Viewing angle performance of LCDs is a key issue which has been approached by both subjective and statistical means. In this paper, we discuss causes of image quality degradation as a function of grayscale at a fixed off‐axis viewing angle, examining both luminance and chromaticity distortions. Oblique viewing angle performance of both 1G‐2D and 2G‐1D S‐PVA panel structures have been enhanced by controlling the two independent sub‐pixel data for each of red, green and blue.
P‐226: New Tris Bipyridyl Derivative as Hole‐Blocking and Electron‐Transporting Materials for Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Ichikawa Musubu , Wakabayashig Kenta , Yokoyama Norimasa , Koyama Toshiki , Taniguchi Yoshio
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate that tris bipyridyl benzene (TbpyB) works well as an electron transporting and hole‐blocking material for organic light‐emitting diodes. Using TbpyB for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), we can obtain comparable high external quantum efficiency and a lower operation voltage without any additional hole‐blocking layer that must be needed usually. In other words, the TbpyB layer worked as a double functioned (hole‐blocking and electron‐transporting) layer, and TbpyB provides more simple fabrications of phosphorescent OLEDs that work at a lower power consumption.
P‐228: Degradation of White Light Emitting OLEDs
Authors: Song JungBae , Lee Sunghun , Kim Mu‐Gyeom , Kim Sang‐Yeol , Son Young‐Mok , Jeon Woo Sung , Won Jeongyeon , Song Inyong , Han Hyouk Soo , Kim Dai Kyu , Chung JaeGwan , Kang SungKee , Tamura Shinichiro , Kim JongMin , Choi JunHo , Ha JaeKook , Lee SungSoo , Chu ChangWoong
Published: January 2009

We firstly report the degradation analysis of multilayer structured WOLED by using spectroscopic and microscopic analytical methods. Our analytical results demonstrated that the interface between cathode and electron‐transporting layer is responsible for the intrinsic long‐term degradation of WOLEDs.
P‐231: Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes by Blade Coating Method
Authors: Tseng Hsin‐Rong , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Lee Kuan‐Chen , Horng Sheng‐Fu
Published: January 2009

Multilayer polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLED) fabricated by blade coating are presented. Multilayer of polymers can be easily deposited by blade coating on a hot plate. The multilayer structure is confirmed by the total thickness and cross section view in scanning electron microscope. The efficiency of single layer poly(para‐phenylene vinylene) copolymer SuperYellow and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO, deep blue) device are 9 cd/A and 1.7 cd/A respectively by blade coating. The efficiency of the PFO device is raised to 2.3 cd/A with a poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐ (4,4′‐(N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl))diphenylamine)] (TFB) electron‐blocking layer added by blade coating.
P‐248L: Late‐News Student Poster: High‐Efficiency Deep‐Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with a Novel Blue Dye in Low‐Polarity Host
Authors: Jou Jwo‐Huei , Lin Yu‐Pu , Wu Ming‐Hsuan , Hsu Mao‐Fung
Published: January 2009

A high‐efficiency deep‐blue organic light emitting diode was fabricated by using a novel blue light‐emitting dye 2,7‐Bis{2[phenyl(m‐tolyl)amino]‐9,9‐dimethyl‐fluroene‐7‐yl}‐9,9‐dimethyl‐ fluroene doped in 4,4′‐bis(9‐carbazolyl)‐biphenyl in a low‐polarity host. The resultant device showed a highly‐saturate blue light with CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.06) with a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 4.6 % at 100 cd/m2, favoring the use for wide‐color‐gamut and low‐energy‐consumption OLED display.
P‐249L: Late‐News Poster: Collimated OLED Light Source with Patterned OLED and Microlens
Authors: Aratani Sukekazu , Shimizu Masao , Adachi Masaya , Sugita Tatsuya , Shibasaki Toshinari , Shimazaki Katsusuke
Published: January 2009

We developed for the first time a collimated OLED light source using a patterned OLED and a microlens. We demonstrated that the collimated OLED light source enhanced the luminance of an LCD with low aperture ratio by a factor of more than two compared with a conventional OLED light source, which was not patterned. Moreover, the luminance efficiency of this system was shown to be 7.3 times higher than that of the system with a conventional OLED light source that was not patterned. The collimated OLED light source with patterned OLED and microlens is thus very effective for achieving a highly efficient LCD with OLED backlight.
P‐232: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cell for Speckle‐Noise Suppression
Authors: Andreev Alexander , Kompanets Igor , Minchenko Maxim , Pozhidaev Eugeny
Published: January 2009

A new principle and simple technique of suppressing the speckle‐noise in images displayed by the laser projection system is proposed. Wave phasing in a laser beam and speckles are destroyed in real time when this beam passes through a single FLC cell where spatially inhomogeneous phase light modulation takes place due to special FLC material and electrical pulse regime.
P‐233: Multimode DBR Laser Operation for Frequency Doubled Green Lasers in Projection Displays
Authors: Gollier Jacques , Hu Martin H. , Ricketts Daniel , Loeber David , Bhatia Vikram , Pikula Dragan
Published: January 2009

In frequency doubled green lasers for laser scanning micro projectors, the wavelength fluctuations can create low spatial frequency and repeatable image artifacts that significantly degrade the image quality. We demonstrate a technique where the laser gain current is repeatedly reset to zero and the laser phase is randomized, both at high frequency. The image defects are replaced by high spatial frequency content noise that minimizes the detrimental effects in the human vision system.
P‐235: Polarization Recovery System Using PBS Array Suitable for Light‐Pipe‐Based Systems
Authors: Li Kenneth , Katkar Rajesh , Ouyang George
Published: January 2009

Various light‐pipe based polarization systems have been reported and commercialized in the literature. But due to the high power density, the long‐term performance has not been very desirable. This paper reports a polarization recovery system that uses a large area PCS array adapted for the light pipe based system. This system is very suitable for 3LCD and LCOS projection system that uses polarized light. Preliminary designs and simulations have been performed with very satisfactory results. Experiments will be performed in the near future and the results will be presented.
P‐237: Measurement of the Picture Contrast Enhancement of Gray Projection Screens
Authors: Rudd Michael J. , Dunn Patrick M. , Gemmer Eric C.
Published: January 2009

It is well known that in a home theater, a gray screen can often render a picture with a higher contrast than can a white screen. However, until now, the explanation has been obscure. This paper describes and quantifies a possible mechanism for this contrast enhancement. It will be demonstrated that gray screens can effectively enhance the contrast of a picture in a room with light surfaces. The proposed mechanism is that the screen reduces the amount of light back‐scattered from the walls and off the screen. Part of the effectiveness comes from the gray color, but part is probably also due to the directivity of the screen. Under the measurement conditions, we have shown that a dark gray screen, with directivity, can increase contrast by up to five times as compared with that of a matte white screen.
P‐251L:Late‐News Poster: Miniature Wide‐Throw‐Angle Scanning Fiber Projection Display
Authors: Schowengerdt Brian T. , Kundrat Matthew J. , Lee Cameron M. , Johnston Richard S. , Melville C. David , Reinhall Per G. , Seibel Eric J.
Published: January 2009

Advances in mobile devices have enabled internet access and viewing of images and video, but small screens constrain the experience. We have developed a novel scanning fiber optical projector that is 1.07 mm in diameter and 13 mm long, and can project images at up to a 100° throw angle.
17.1: Invited Paper: Inverted OLED
Authors: Noh Jeoung Kwen , Kang Min Soo , Kim Jong Seok , Lee Jung Hyoung , Ham Yun Hye , Kim Jung Bum , Son Sehwan
Published: January 2009

We report a novel and simple method to fabricate top‐emitting OLEDs having inverted structures. Contrary to the previous expectations, the inverted device provides even better device characteristics than that of the conventional OLEDs. Using the inverted OLED technology, we were able to fabricate 3.5″QVGA full‐color AM‐OLED devices.
17.2: High Efficiency Ultraviolet Light Emitting Organic Devices and Its Application to White Light Source
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Mizuno Yuki , Takeda Shigeyuki
Published: January 2009

A high efficiency UV‐OLED was developed and applied to a white light source by using red, green and blue color conversion materials. UV‐OLED showed high external quantum efficiency of 3.1 % with a peak wavelength at 380nm. “White by UV” showed 5,000cd/m2 in luminance and stable white color (x=0.33, y=0.31) against driving current and operation time.
17.3: Highly Efficient Fluorescent/Phosphorescent OLED Devices Using Triplet Harvesting
Authors: Kondakova Marina E. , Giesen David J. , Deaton Joseph C. , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Pawlik Thomas D. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Miller Michael E. , Royster Tommie L. , Comfort Dustin L.
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate efficient white and non‐white hybrid OLED devices operating by a triplet harvesting mechanism to create light. Triplet excited states are generated in a blue fluorescent light‐emitting layer (LEL) and utilized upon their diffusion to the phosphorescent LEL(s). At 1000 cd/m2 a blue/yellow hybrid OLED device shows external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.6%, 3.8 V, 30.1 lm/W, and excellent color characteristics suitable for display application. Performance of non‐white‐emitting hybrids, RGB white, and a tandem hybrid device is discussed. The triplet harvesting mechanism in all hybrid devices was verified by several experimental methods (spectral analysis, time‐resolved electroluminescence (EL), magnetic field effect on EL).
17.4: A Novel Technique to Study OLED Function
Authors: Sims Marc , Venter Steven W. , Parker Ian D.
Published: January 2009

We employ electrically induced absorption (EIA) spectroscopy to probe the internal operation of a series of NPB/Alq3(1) OLED structures. Our results complement the capacitance‐voltage measurements of Brütting et al [3] and support the proposal of a fixed negative charge population at the NPB/Alq3 interface. We show a direct signature for hole injection under reverse bias (as predicted in [3,4]) and demonstrate that the voltage onset for hole injection, Vh (equivalent to transition voltage, Vo in [3,4]) is largely independent of anode material. Conversely, Vh appears to depend sensitively on the cathode material (an exchange of LiF/Al for CsF/Al raises Vh by +0.5V). Finally, we observe a rise in Vh after a prolonged period of current stress and propose that this finding originates in a gradual neutralization of the negative interfacial charge population.
18.2: Bistable FLCOS Devices for Doubled‐Brightness Micro‐Projectors
Authors: O'Callaghan Michael J. , Ferguson Rachel , Vohra Rohini , Thurmes William , Harant Adam W. , Pecinovsky Cory S. , Zhang Yongqiang , Yang Su , O'Neill Matt , Handschy Mark A.
Published: January 2009

Optical efficiency is of paramount importance to emerging ultra‐miniature projector products. We have developed experimental bistable ferroelectric‐liquid‐crystal‐on‐Silicon (FLCOS) projection microdisplay devices using newly developed FLC materials aligned on obliquely‐deposited SiO2. These devices enable doubling of illumination duty cycle, and hence doubling of achievable projector light output, while maintaining DC‐balanced electrical drive.
19.3: Novel Defect‐Repairing Method for Etched‐Thinning LCDs
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chen , Wu Jer‐Yau , Wang Su‐Chih , Chwu Jong‐Wen , Lin Chao‐Cheng , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Tom
Published: January 2009

A defect‐repairing method is applied to etched‐ thinning assemble liquid crystal display (LCD) cells. By spin‐coating a protective layer above the surface and around the edge of TFT‐LCD cell, this technique fills the defects, retains optical performances, and increases the surface and edge strengths by 51% and 75% respectively. Comparing with the conventional polished process, the proposed method avoids pressure influences to the inner structure within the panel.
19.4: Development of “Super View Resin,” the Optical Elasticity Resin for LCD Module
Authors: Shinya Yoshihisa , Kamiya Kenji , Toyoda Tomoyuki , Endo Yasumi , Soudakova Nelly , Kondo Hirofumi
Published: January 2009

We have developed the “Super View Resin (SVR),” a transparent elastic resin, which improves the shock‐resistant property and LCD visibility. Filling the air gap with a refractive index matching resin resolves the sunlight reflection problem inherent in the use of a reinforced cover glass lens. Moreover, the elastic filler works as a damper reducing any external shock, which prevents the cover glass and LCD Module from being damaged.
20.2: Stereoscopic 3D Display Using Patterned Retarder
Authors: Wu Yu‐June , Jeng Yue‐Shih , Yeh Pi‐Chun , Hu Chin‐Jen , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: January 2009

We have developed a new wide viewing angle technology for 3D display with glasses. To utilize the circular light which made by combining patterned HW plate and QW plate, we can break the limitation of view angle for stereoscope display with linear patterned polarizer.
20.4: Objective Evaluation of Multi‐View Autostereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Salmimaa Marja , Järvenpää Toni
Published: January 2009

Autostereoscopic 3D display technologies offer attractive solutions for the entertainment and media consumption. These technologies make it possible for the users to obtain more immersive experience by adding the real depth to the visual content shown on the display. The method used for the creation of the sensation of depth or stereo illusion as such contains several issues that need to be carefully considered so that sufficient image quality is maintained. Traditionally methods used for the 3D image quality evaluations have had their base in subjective testing. We believe that optical measurements can be used as an efficient tool for the 3D display characterization. We have developed objective characterization methods for the autostereoscopic displays and investigated how parameters affecting the stereo image quality can be defined, measured, and the effect on the stereo image quality evaluated. In this paper previously presented methodology is extended to cover autostereoscopic multi‐view displays, where a distinction between displays with continuous and discontinuous motion parallax is made. We are focusing on the definition for the 3D luminance and luminance uniformity, that are equally important, as well as 3D crosstalk, which we think is the dominant factor in the evaluations of the perceived 3D image quality.
21.3: Reconstruction Characteristics of MgO (111) Textured Protective Layer by Over‐Frequency Accelerated Discharge in ACPDPs
Authors: Kwon Sang‐Koo , Kim Jeong‐Ho , Moon Seung‐Kyu , Park Kyu‐Ho , Han Sung‐Su , Choi Jong‐Kwon , Kim Hyun‐Ha , Kim Sung‐Tae
Published: January 2009

The reconstruction characteristics of MgO (111) textured protective layer and the influences of silicon and MgO seed particle in AC‐PDP were investigated by over‐frequency accelerated discharge and these were correlated to the variations of electronic structures. The reconstruction and exaggerated grain growth (EGG) were closely correlated with the partial pressure of evaporated MgO in plasma space and explained by defect‐assisted 2‐D and/or 3‐D nucleation and growth of charged clusters during discharge under electric field in AC‐PDP.
21.5L: Late‐News Paper: Measurement of Exo‐Electron Emission from MgO Thin Film of AC‐PDP
Authors: Yoon Sang‐Hoon , Ryu Hyun‐Woo , Hong Cho‐Rong , Kim Dong‐Hoo , Ko Jae‐Jun , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: January 2009

Exoelectron emission from MgO thin film was measured by attaching a high precision current sensor to the address electrode of rear plate of test panels of AC‐PDP. The measured results revealed that the exoelectron emission currents vary very sensitively with the type of doping elements used and measuring temperatures. The activation energy of the exo‐electron emissions estimated from the emission curves indicated that the trap levels lies between 0.05∼0.32eV below the bottom of its conduction band. This suggests that shallow electron trap levels within MgO film are mainly responsible for the exo‐electron emissions, rather than deep trap levels like F‐type centers.
22.2: Printable Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Xia Sean , Cheon Kwang‐Ohk , Brooks Jason J. , Rothman Mark , Ngo Tan , Hett Patrick , Kwong Raymond C. , Inbasekaran Mike , Brown Julie J. , Sonoyama Takuya , Ito Masaki , Seki Shunichi , Miyashita Satoru
Published: January 2009

This paper reports on a new approach to full‐color printable phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (P2OLEDs). Unlike conventional solution processed OLEDs that contain conjugated polymers in the emissive layer, the P2OLEDs emissive layer consists of small molecule hosts and dopants. We present a red P2OLED that exhibits luminous efficiency of 9 cd/A and a projected lifetime of 53,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m2, a green P2OLED with luminous efficiency of 35 cd/A and a projected lifetime 52,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2, a light blue P2OLED with luminous efficiencies of 18 cd/A and a projected lifetime 3,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m2, and a blue P2OLED with luminous efficiencies of 6 cd/A and a projected lifetime 1,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m2.
22.4: Invited Paper: Tuning Solution Processed OLEDs Towards R2R Printing
Authors: Beierlein Tilman A. , Kern Roland , Winnewissser Carsten J.
Published: January 2009

Solution processed OLEDs offer the potential for highest throughput production processes such as roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printing. We use polymer mixtures with additives to evaluate and optimize the performance. Such multi‐component systems open up a huge parameter space by varying layer thicknesses, material combinations and concentrations. Manual device fabrication would be time‐consuming and expensive. A new custom built and automated fabrication and characterization setup accelerates material screening, testing and optimization. Furthermore, a systematic set of devices is the basis for reliable comparisons with simulations.
22.5: Late‐News Paper: High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Phosphorescent Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Using a High‐Quantum‐Yield Iridium Complex
Authors: Jou Jwo‐Huei , Chung Yu‐Chiao , Hsu Mao‐Feng , Wang Wei‐Ben , Chang Wen‐Chuan , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Liu Chi‐Ping , Wang Chun‐Jan , Wu Ming‐Hsuan , Chin Chih‐Lung
Published: January 2009

Markedly high‐efficiency phosphorescent green organic light‐emitting diode can be easily fabricated via solution process by the use of a novel iridium complex, bis[5‐methyl‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐ benzo (c) (1,5) naphthyridin‐ 6‐ one] iridium (picolinate) (CF3BNO). The resultant power (current) efficiency, at 100 cd/m2, was 70 lm/W (89 cd/A), while 21 lm/W (35 cd/A) by using typical vapor deposition. Besides proper device architecture design, the high efficiency may be attributed to the high quantum yield of the CF3BNO iridium complex.
23.2: A 10in. Flexible Active‐Matrix OTFT Array for QR‐LPD‐Based Motion Picture Displays
Authors: Maeda Hiroki , Matsuoka Masanao , Nagae Mitsutaka , Honda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Tomomi , Ogawa Ken‐ichi , Kobayashi Hironori
Published: January 2009

A 10 inch, 80 dpi flexible Active Matrix Organic‐TFT array was fabricated with solution process. Exceeds 10:1 of high contrast image was displayed eith QR‐LPD. The active matrix array was refreshed with 300 micro seconds of gate pulse width, successfully. To reduce degradation of displaying image due to leakage current through paracitic capacitance in the circuit array, double sided flexible backplane structure was introduced. One side of plastic substrate that OTFT array was printed and the other side that Pixel electrodes was printed, are connected through via patterned by laser abration and filled with conductive ink by printing method. As a result, high aparture ratio of pixel electrode array without degradation of displaying image caused by leakage current through signal electrode was obtained.
23.3: Flexible Field‐Sequential‐Color FLCD Panels Driven by poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Iwamoto Yoji , Motai Katsuyuki , Naitou Yasunori , Kadowaki Masaru , Ichimura Koji , Sato Hiroto , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Fujikake Hideo , Kurita Taiichiro
Published: January 2009

A novel flexible field‐sequential‐color FLCD panel driven by poly‐Si TFTs has been developed. A 16×16 active matrix panel was fabricated using polymer stabilized FLC and poly‐Si TFTs fabricated onto plastic substrate below 150°C, and colored moving images were demonstrated on the panel with frame frequency of 60Hz.
24.2: Single Layer Al‐Ni‐La‐Si Interconnections for Source and Drain of LTPS‐TFT LCDs Using Direct Contacts with both ITO and poly‐Si
Authors: Kugimiya Toshihiro , Yoneda Yoichiro , Kusumoto Eisuke , Gotoh Hiroshi , Ochi Mototaka , Kawakami Nobuyuki
Published: January 2009

It was demonstrated for the first time that the use of Al‐Ni‐La‐Si alloy films for the direct contacts of interconnection lines with both ITO and poly‐Si was feasible for the LTPS‐TFTs. Measured contact resistivity was in the order of 10−4 Ω.cm2 for ITO and Al‐0.6 at.% Ni‐0.1 at.% La‐0.5 at.% Si. The Al alloy films patterned on poly‐Si were found to be stable below 350 °C. It was also found that Al alloy has good dry etching characteristics such as a high etching rate and good selectivity to photo‐resist, suitable for high‐resolution LTPS‐TFT LCDs.
24.3: 32‐inch LCD TV Using Conventional PECVD Microcrystalline‐Silicon TFTs
Authors: Peng Ya‐Hui , Chen Chih‐Hsien , Chang Chan‐Ching , Lee Yeong‐Shyang , Huang Tzung‐Shi , Hou Chih‐Yuan , Huang Kun‐Fu , Tseng Yi‐Ya
Published: January 2009

A 32‐inch microcrystalline silicon thin film transistor liquid crystal display was manufactured on 1500×1850 mm2 (G6) glass substrate. We have successfully deposited non‐porous and highly crystalline microcrystalline silicon film with interfacial treatment as the active channel layer for TFTs in such large size display. Microcrystalline silicon was deposited by a conventional (13.56 MHz) plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system, and the crystalline fraction is 60%. Crystalline fraction was successfully improved with optimized gas treatment on SiNx layer before μc‐Si:H film deposition. Microcrystalline silicon TFTs with interfacial modification have about 2.8 times and 4 times more on‐current than μc‐Si:H TFT without interfacial modification measured at room temperature and at −10°C, respectively. The μc‐Si:H film with good crystallinity used as the active channel layer will significantly improve the reliability of the microcrystalline silicon TFTs. Furthermore, during the bias‐temperature‐stress test (BTS), VTH shift for μc‐Si:H TFT with treatment after 3hr BTS test is only 1.3V while μc‐Si:H TFT without treatment has a VTH shift of 13V.