bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical and clinical evaluations of Snibe Maglumi® S100B assay
Authors: Kahouadji Samy , Picard Laure , Bailly Defrance Valentin , Pereira Bruno , Bouvier Damien , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Sapin Vincent
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To assess the analytical performances of Snibe Maglumi® S100 assay and compare it with the Roche Elecsys® S100B assay in adults with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) focusing on reducing unnecessary cranial computed tomography (CT) scans per Scandinavian and French guidelines.

Methods

Analytical performance of the Maglumi® S100 kit was assessed using quality controls from both Snibe and Roche, as well as pooled serums. Clinical performances were assessed using serum from 89 adult mTBI patients presenting to the adult emergency department of Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14–15. CT scans were performed according to the Elecsys® S100 measurement, with a decision threshold of 0.10 μg/L.

Results

Repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation determined using Elecsys® S100B, Maglumi® S100 controls and pooled serums were below 8 %. Six (7 %) mTBI patients included had clinically relevant intracranial lesions observed on CT scan (CT+), and eighty-three (93 %) patients had no lesions (CT-). S100B medians in CT- and CT+ patients were significantly different: 0.125 (0.085–0.219) vs. 0.368 (0.231–0.489) (p=0.006) for Elecsys®, and 0.073 (0.046–0.140) vs. 0.327 (0.230–0.353) for Maglumi® (p=0.004). The areas under the ROC curves for intracranial lesion detection were similar: 0.82 (0.73–0.91; p=0.0084) and 0.83 (0.75–0.92; p=0.0063) for Elecsys® and Maglumi®, respectively.

Conclusions

The Maglumi® S100B assay can be used in the management of mTBI patients to exclude unnecessary CT scans. Further studies are needed to validate a clinical decision threshold for CT scan decisions.
Effect of pH and Yb3+ doping concentration on the structure and upconversion luminescence properties of GdPO4:Er3+,Yb3+
Authors: Li Yanhong , Qi Jiaxing , Ma Jing
Published: February 2025

Upconversion luminescence materials hold significant promise for various applications, including lasers, solar cells, anti-counterfeiting technology, biological labeling, and sensor technology. GdPO4 stands out as a highly promising upconversion host material thanks to its exceptional chemical and thermal stability. While the upconversion luminescence properties of Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped materials are indeed influenced by the crystal environment of rare earth ions within the matrix, the fundamental understanding of how pH and the high concentration of Yb3+ can ultimately affect these luminescence properties is still lacking. In this paper, we synthesized a series of GdPO4:Er3+, Yb3+ upconversion phosphors by a hydrothermal process followed by heat treatments at 900 °C for 2 h. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicate that pH of the initial solution and doping concentration of Yb3+ can indeed affect crystal growth of samples. Spectroscopic studies reveal that the structure, size and morphology can influence the properties of upconversion emission in GdPO4:Er3+, Yb3+ by affecting the local environment of rare earth ions, the surface of sample and the relaxation processes in the samples. The color coordinates calculation illustrates that these implications can ultimately alter the emission color of the samples. This research enhances our comprehension of the role played by the pH of initial solution and the concentration of Yb3+ ions in the synthesis of Er3+, Yb3+ ions co-doped upconversion materials, specifically in fine-tuning the emission color for the final upconversion materials.
Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
Authors: Jin Zhengyu , Chen Yuning
Published: February 2025

Background and objective

Early nutritional support holds paramount importance for postoperative gastric cancer (GC) patients. Peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1) is a secretory enzyme associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. However, there is a dearth of clinical studies delving into the connection between PM20D1, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory factors in GC patients who have received enteral nutrition (EN). This research aimed to investigate the serum levels of PM20D1 in GC patients following early EN and their potential associations with lipid metabolism, nutritional markers, and inflammatory factors.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled 180 GC patients between May 2020 and July 2022. On the first postoperative day, all patients received EN support, which was maintained for a duration of 5 days. Serum levels of PM20D1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein were measured on the sixth day after surgery using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data on demographics, clinical statistics, lipid metabolism, nutritional parameters, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were collected. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and both overall survival and disease-free survival were recorded.

Results

In the low PNI group, the serum levels of PM20D1, albumin (ALB), and blood lymphocytes (BL) showed significant reductions. Pearson analysis revealed a negative correlation between PM20D1 and IL-6 levels, whereas a positive correlation emerged between PM20D1 and ALB and BL levels. Furthermore, PM20D1 demonstrated potential as a biomarker for diagnosing poor nutritional status (PNI < 43) in GC patients and was a risk factor for poor nutritional status in GC patients.

Conclusion

Serum PM20D1 remarkably declined in GC patients after early EN and was associated with poor nutritional status.
Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Huang Qiyuan , Chen Yang , Sun Xiaohui , Su Yongwei , Zhou Ruihao , Chen Guo , Zhu Tao
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Emergence agitation (EA) after (adeno)tonsillectomy (AT) surgery impairs recovery in children. Adequate analgesia plays a crucial role in reducing EA incidence. This study investigated whether hydromorphone infusion (30 μg/kg) during anesthesia induction could reduce EA following AT surgery for obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Patients and methods

A total of 186 ASA I–III children aged 3–7 years undergoing AT surgery were enrolled in a blinded randomized trial comparing hydromorphone (30 μg/kg) to fentanyl (4 μg/kg). The primary outcome was EA incidence within 30 min post-extubation. Secondary outcomes included pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED), face, legs, activity, crying, consolability (FLACC), Ramsay sedation scores, extubation time, rescue analgesia incidence, and adverse events.

Results

The incidence of EA was significantly lower in the hydromorphone group [48.4% (45/93) vs 64.5% (60/93); absolute difference: 16.1%; 95% CI: 18.9–29.5%; P = 0.027]. Hydromorphone improved PAED, FLACC, and Ramsay scores and reduced moderate-to-severe pain and rescue analgesia. No postoperative complications occurred in either group.

Conclusion

Hydromorphone at 30 μg/kg effectively reduces the incidence of EA within 30 min post-extubation in children after AT surgery compared to fentanyl. It shows superior analgesia and has a low incidence of adverse effects.
Scaled transverse translation by planar optical elements for sub-pixel sampling and remote super-resolution imaging
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Xin , Guo Yinghui , Lu Yuran , He Qiong , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiaoyin , Xu Mingfeng , Zhang Fei , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2025

High resolution imaging represents a relentless pursuit within the field of optical system. Multi-frame super-resolution (SR) is an effective method for enhancing sampling density, while it heavily relies on sub-pixel scale displacement of a bulky camera. Based on the symmetric transformation of quadratic-phase metasurface, we propose scaled transverse translation (STT) utilizing planar optical elements (POEs) to facilitate sub-pixel sampling and remote super-resolution imaging. The STT module composed of a pair of planar optical elements with conjugated quadratic phase profile is fabricated and experimentally verified. By displacing POE within a millimeter-level range, we achieve sub-micron in imaging shift accuracy. Furthermore, the results of SR and SR enhanced Fourier ptychography imaging demonstrate significant compatibility and effectiveness of this module. The resolution improvement in FP imaging increases from 2× to 2.8× by sub-pixel sampling using this module. Moreover, defect reduction and contrast enhancement are obtained. With its advantages of light-weight, simple structure and ease of implementation, this method shows considerable potential for numerous imaging applications.
Electrodynamics of photo-carriers in multiferroic Eu0.75Y0.25MnO3
Authors: Huang Yue , Aguilar Rolando V. , Trugman Stuart A. , Cheong Sang-Wook , Long Yuan , Lee Min-Cheol , Zhu Jian-Xin , Rosa Priscila F.S. , Prasankumar Rohit P. , Yarotski Dmitry A. , Azad Abul , Sirica Nicholas S. , Taylor Antoinette J.
Published: February 2025

Understanding and controlling the antiferromagnetic order in multiferroic materials on an ultrafast time scale is a long standing area of interest, due to their potential applications in spintronics and ultrafast magnetoelectric switching. We present an optical pump-terahertz (THz) probe study on multiferroic Eu0.75Y0.25MnO3. The optical pump predominantly excites the d-d transitions of the Mn3+ ions, and the temporal evolution of the pump-induced transient conductivity is measured with a subsequent THz pulse. Two distinct, temperature-dependent decay times are revealed. The shorter relaxation time corresponds to spin-lattice thermalization, while the longer one is ascribed to electron-hole recombination. A spin-selection rule in the relaxation process is proposed in the magnetic phase. Slight suppression of the electromagnons was observed after the optical pump pulse within the spin-lattice thermalization time scale. These observed fundamental magnetic processes can shed light on ultrafast control of magnetism and photoinduced phase transitions in multiferroics.
The association between maternal perfluoroalkylated substances exposure and neonatal birth weight: a system review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Zeyuan , Sun Xiaoyi , Yang Xupu , Li Xiaoqian , Zhang Yizhe , Zhang Xiaolin , Guo Huicai , Liu Yi , Liu Xuehui
Published: February 2025

Some studies have shown that maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be related to the neonatal birth weight. The purpose of this study was to explore this relationship between maternal exposure to PFAS and neonatal birth weight. All papers published before March 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases. A thorough meta-analysis was carried out, involving data extracted from 1,673 samples obtained from a total of 24 articles. Our study found a significantly negative association between maternal PFOS exposure and neonatal birth weight (β= −71.55; 95 %CI= −114.47, −28.62), with high heterogeneity (I

2
=64.15 %, p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between maternal PFOA exposure and neonatal birth weight (β= −81.26; 95 %CI= −126.08, −36.43), with high heterogeneity (I

2
=67.23 %, p<0.0001). Subunit analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between PFOS exposure and neonatal birth weight in mid-to-late pregnancy and after delivery (β= −97.87; 95 %CI= −181.83, −13.92, β= −138.06; 95 %CI= −255.91, −20.20), PFOA exposure showed a negative correlation with neonatal birth weight in mid-to-late pregnancy (β= −85.89; 95 %CI= −139.31, −32.47), while PFNA exposure also showed a negative correlation with neonatal birth weight in mid-to-late pregnancy (β= −90.39; 95 %CI= −152.90, −27.88). However, no significant correlation was observed for PFNA exposure (β=3.95; 95% CI= −10.41, 18.31), with medium heterogeneity (I

2
=40.56 %, p=0.0574), or for PFHxS exposure (β=4.61; 95 %CI= −10.60, 19.81), with medium heterogeneity (I

2
=29.27 %, p=0.1368). Further research is needed to better understand the implications of these findings on maternal and neonatal health.
The Database Studium and the Beginnings of the Schools in Paris
Authors: Genet Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2025

The database starts with some names (8 at the moment) of eleventh century scholars: only two of them have studied or taught certainly at Paris. This is both one of the limitations and advantages for the database: on the 2519 individuals it contains for the period 1160–1300, only 1135 have been attested Parisian scholars. But the other people are also interesting: of these, 853 are classified as „uncertain”. Most of them are “masters”; but is it a title or a grade? And where have they obtained it? There is no doubt that some of them got it in Paris. This study will try to explore these unsatisfactory data, and their interpretation could be made more satisfactory. These statistics will also throw light how, before the development of the college movement, the developments of the schools issued from the growth of the school of Notre-Dame after they had started to spread on the Mount Sainte-Geneviève combined with the monastic schools, especially those of the regular canons of Saint-Victor to make Paris an essential intellectual centre, as it is demonstrated by the wide circulation of the works of some of its masters.
Participação política na Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Anós Té Paulo , Candé Monteiro Artemisa Odila
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a presença de mulheres no Parlamento da Guiné-Bissau, utilizando como indicador a percentagem de assentos ocupados. Para o efeito, foi realizada a pesquisa documental no site da Comissão Nacional Eleitoral (CNE) da Guiné-Bissau, bem como a bibliográfica baseada em livros, artigos, revistas e teses, com abordagem quali-quantitativa. Os dados mostram que, no regime monopartidário (1973-1991), a presença das mulheres no Parlamento é, em média, 13,91%, e a dos homens 86,08%, enquanto no regime multipartidário (1991-2023), as mulheres, em média, ocupam 11,01% e os homens 88,98%. Em termos gerais, os dados ilustram que 50 anos após a independência do país, a presença média das mulheres no Parlamento é de 12,46%, enquanto a dos homens é de 87,53%. Portanto, os dados indicam uma desigualdade acentuada e uma sub-representação significativa das mulheres, contrariando a ideologia de igualdade e equidade de gênero.
TIGAR suppresses ER stress-induced neuronal injury through targeting ATF4-signaling in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Chen Lei , Tang Jie , Liu Xue-Qing , Li Qi-Qi , Li Jia-Ying , Li Yan-Yan , Zheng Wen-Hua , Qin Zheng-Hong , Sheng Rui
Published: February 2025

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is crucial in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by triggering cellular apoptosis and exacerbating neuronal damage. This study elucidates the dynamics of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) translocation and its role in regulating neural fate during cerebral ischemia-induced ER stress, specifically in male mice. We found enhanced nuclear localization of TIGAR in neurons after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) in male mice, as well as oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and treatment with ER stress inducer (tunicamycin and thapsigargin) in neuronal cells. Conditional neuronal knockdown ofTigaraggravated the injury following ischemia-reperfusion, whereas overexpression ofTigarattenuated cerebral ischemic injury and ameliorated intra-neuronal ER stress. Additionally, TIGAR overexpression reduced the elevation of ATF4 target genes and attenuated ER stress-induced cell death. Notably, TIGAR co-localized and interacted with ATF4 in the nucleus, inhibiting its downstream pro-apoptotic gene transcription, consequently protecting against ischemic injury. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ATF4 overexpression reversed the protective effects of TIGAR against cerebral ischemic injury. Intriguingly, our study identified the Q141/K145 residues of TIGAR, crucial for its nuclear translocation and interaction with ATF4, highlighting a novel aspect of TIGAR's function distinct from its known phosphatase activity or mitochondrial localization domains. These findings reveal a novel neuroprotective mechanism of TIGAR in regulating ER stress through ATF4-mediated signaling pathways. These insights may guide targeted therapeutic strategies to protect neuronal function and alleviate the deleterious effects of cerebral ischemic injury.

Significance statementTIGAR(TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is one of the downstream target genes of p53, and its encoded protein exerts Fru-2, 6-BPase activity to promote glucose metabolic flux to pentose phosphate pathway. However, the non-enzymatic function of TIGAR has been gradually discovered. Here, we demonstrate that TIGAR translocates to the nucleus to interact with ATF4 in neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced ER stress via its Q141/K145 residues. Then TIGAR inhibits ATF4’s downstream pro-apoptotic genes expression, reduces ER stress-dependent apoptosis, consequently alleviating neuronal damage. This study uncovered a novel neuroprotective mechanism of TIGAR by regulating ER stress via ATF4-mediated signaling pathway. The Q141/K145 residues of TIGAR are critical for its interaction with ATF4 and inhibition of ATF4 target genes.
Projection motifs and wiring logic of medial pulvinar thalamocortical axons in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Córdoba-Claros María Angélica , Rubio-Garrido Pablo , de Lima Ruthnaldo R.M. , Morais Paulo Leonardo AG. , do Nascimento Expedito S. , Cavalcante Jeferson S. , Clascá Francisco
Published: February 2025

The medial pulvinar thalamic nucleus (MPu) is an evolutionary novelty of the primate thalamus, prominently expanded in humans. Piecemeal data from studies in various monkey species indicates that MPu axons reach prefrontal, inferior parietal, cingulate, insular or temporal areas; however, the precise wiring and functional logic of such brain-wide connections remain obscure. In marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) of both sexes, we visualized the axons originated from specific pulvinar domains by means of biotinylated dextranamine (BDA) microinjections and compared them across multiple cases. In addition, by injecting retrograde tracers in the cortical areas targeted by the pulvinar axons, we investigated the organization of projection cells within MPu and the existence of long-range branched axons. Specific projection motifs reveal a caudal MPu subnucleus that innervates inferior and ventral temporal areas, and a rostral MPu subnucleus that innervates temporal, ventral prefrontal, premotor, inferior posterior parietal and cingulate areas. We demonstrate numerous MPu neurons that innervate through branched axons prefrontal and parietal or prefrontal and temporal areas; other cells with different projection patterns are closely intermingled with them. Our findings support the notion that MPu is a hub of the brain-wide networks that support complex visual and social cognition, sensory-guided reaching, working memory, and attention. Moreover, the finding of long-range branching MPu axons and dense terminal arborizations suggest that MPu cells may regulate functional connectivity among high-level cortical areas at widely different spatial scales. Besides, the anatomical “ground truth” provided by our study is relevant for functional imaging and distributed network modelling studies.

Significance statementThe medial nucleus of the pulvinar complex is an evolutionary novelty of the primate thalamus and is uniquely expanded in humans. However, its functions are poorly understood, as data on its connections remain incomplete and fragmentary. Using high-resolution connection-labeling methods in marmoset monkeys, we mapped in full the thalamocortical axons arising from specific medial pulvinar domains and analyzed their branching patterns. Projection motifs reveal two main subnuclei, each targeting specific cortical networks. Moreover, we show that some pulvinar neurons simultaneously innervate distant prefrontal and parietal areas or prefrontal and temporal areas. Their connection patterns might allow medial pulvinar cells modulate, at different scales, functional connectivity in the cortical networks supporting object vision, social cognition, attention sensory-guided reaching and working memory.
Comparative characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from the rice waste production of Kazakhstan
Authors: Battalova Ainur , Ibraeva Zhanar , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Akatan Kydyrmolla , Shaimardan Esbol , Demeukhan Ansagan , Tursyngazykyzy Altynai , Beisebekov Madiar , Maussumbayeva Aida
Published: February 2025

Development of methods for effective processing of reconstructive biological resources and allocation of valuable materials refers to the main tasks of science and industry. The work determines the optimal hydro module and physico-chemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), obtained by the method of organosolvent oxidation of rice husk (RH), grown in the southern (Kyzylorda region) and southeast (Almaty region) of Kazakhstan, and it was established that the yield and the qualitative indicators of the MCC depends on the climatic and geographical features of the region, where raw materials are grown to obtain cellulose. The effective hydro module for MCC obtained from Bakanas rice husk (B-RH) was found to be 1:12 g/mL and yield was 45.0%, whereas Kyzylorda rice husk (K-RH) the effective hydromodule was 1:10 g/mL and yield found to be equal to 52.58%. During organosolvent oxidation, the selected method did not require additional processing of raw materials. It was discovered that for delignification, it takes 120 minutes of time, and the yield of MCC will be 15-18% higher than the cellulose obtained by the alkali. Rice husk is a promising alternative raw material for cellulose production and the use of the organosolvent method for obtaining an MCC is an economically advantageous and environmentally friendly method.
Variations in the distribution of trace elements in pyrrhotite Fe1-xS depending on the parameters of mechanical homogenization
Authors: Bakhadur Askar , Klimov Aleksander , Abramova Vera , Kokh Konstantin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of the synthesis of sulfide standards based on the Fe0.91S pyrrhotite matrix, including 24 elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Pb, Bi) intended for use in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The main attention is paid to the study of the influence of such parameters as the duration of mechanical milling, the laser beam diameter during measurements and the initial concentrations of impurities on the distribution of trace elements in the material. As a result, it was found that with 120 min of milling in combination with a laser beam of 80 μm diameter, it is possible to achieve relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 10%, which corresponds to the recommendations for most elements. At high impurity concentrations, the RSD values for most elements are lower, but the material becomes more heterogeneous. At the same time, at lower concentrations, an improvement in the homogeneity of the composition is observed. The data obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of mechanical homogenization for improving analytical accuracy and reproducibility, which makes such standards promising for the analysis of complex sulfide materials in geochemistry and materials science.
Evaluation of perspectives for the synthesis of Ti3AlC2 in Kazakhstan for supercapacitor application
Authors: Starodubtseva Alena , Kan Tatyana , Eskozha Dossym , Egamkulov Mukagali , Malchik Fyodor , Trussov Ivan
Published: February 2025

With the increasing demand for energy-efficient technologies, there is a growing focus on developing new materials for supercapacitors and other energy devices. MXene Ti3C2Tx is known for its unique electrochemical properties and has garnered significant interest in such applications. However, the high cost of synthesizing MXene limits its commercial viability, prompting research into cost-effective methods for synthesizing the MXene precursor, the Ti3AlC3 MAX phase. This paper presents a method for synthesizing the MAX-phase Ti3AlC2 using local raw materials from Kazakhstan Electrolysis Plant JSC and Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium-Magnesium Plant JSC. Utilizing local resources significantly reduces production costs. The study investigates the impact of temperature conditions and excess aluminum content on MAX phase formation. Process optimization, including pressing the precursors and coating them with a layer of aluminum oxide, resulted in a Ti3AlC2 content of 91.2%. MXene Ti3C2Tx derived from the synthesized MAX phase demonstrated electrochemical performance comparable to materials prepared from commercially available MAX phases. An economic assessment revealed that the cost of synthesizing 1 gram of Ti3AlC2 from local precursors is $0.22, more than 19 times lower than similar commercial materials. These findings confirm the cost-effectiveness and competitiveness of the proposed approach, highlighting its potential to create high-performance materials suitable for advanced batteries, supercapacitors, and other energy devices.
СONSECUTIVE INTEGRATION OF AVAILABLE MICROARRAY DATA FOR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors:   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of the Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Lykhenko O.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study was to provide the pipeline for processing of publicly available unprocessed data on gene expression via integration and differential gene expression analysis.

Data collection from open gene expression databases, normalization and integration into a single expression matrix in accordance with metadata and determination of differentially expressed genes were fulfilled. To demonstrate all stages of data processing and integrative analysis, there were used the data from gene expression in the human placenta from the first and second trimesters of normal pregnancy.

The source code for the integrative analysis was written in the R programming language and publicly available as a repository on GitHub. Four clusters of functionally enriched differentially expressed genes were identified for the human placenta in the interval between the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

Immune processes, developmental processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, signaling and the processes associated with zinc ions varied in the considered interval between the first and second trimester of placental development. The proposed sequence of actions for integrative analysis could be applied to any data obtained by microarray technology.
Pediatric Collections: Food Insecurity
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: February 2025

Pediatric Collections: Food Insecurity is designed specifically for pediatric clinicians and healthcare professionals to address food insecurity within clinical environments. Food insecurity significantly impacts single parents, individuals from racial and ethnic minorities, those with low incomes, and families with young children and how it has a negative effect on health across all stages of life, leading to adverse psychosocial and physical health outcomes. Food insecurity can also hinder academic success and impose significant economic burdens on healthcare expenses. With the integration of screening for food insecurity in pediatric clinical settings now recognized as a standard of care, there are numerous intervention practices available that can be easily scaled and adopted within your practice and community. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pediatric-Collections-Food-Insecurity-Paperback
A hemeroby gradient reveals the structure of bird communities in urban parks
Authors: Komlyk Y. , Ponomarenko O. , Zhukov O.
Published: February 2025

The spatial structure and composition of urban parks play a crucial role in shaping bird communities by determining the availability and quality of suitable sites for nesting, feeding, and shelter. In this study, we investigated bird communities inhabiting urban parks and squares in Dnipro, Ukraine, during the breeding seasons of 2022–2024. Using transect counts, information-logical data analysis, and ecological data classification methods, we analyzed bird species composition and their substrate preferences to identify ecological clusters. Based on substrate preferences and ecological adaptations, we identified 12 distinct clusters, some of which reflect different levels of hemeroby – the degree of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems. Species such as the lesser whitethroat ( Sylvia curruca ), tree pipit ( Anthus trivialis ), icterine warbler ( Hippolais icterina ), and common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ) were rarely found in urban parks due to specific habitat requirements, indicating areas of low hemeroby. Conversely, species like the woodpigeon ( Columba palumbus ), common starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ), collared flycatcher ( Ficedula albicollis ), and fieldfare ( Turdus pilaris ) were more prevalent, suggesting areas with moderate to high levels of hemeroby. Moreover, we identified bird species that exhibit remarkable adaptability, thriving both in urban park areas and natural habitats. These include the great tit ( Parus major ), hooded crow ( Corvus cornix ), and chaffinch ( Fringi l la coelebs ). Their widespread presence across diverse environments underscores their ecological versatility and importance in both urban and natural ecosystems. The widespread presence of species such as the tree sparrow ( Passer montanus ) indicates significant ecological transformation within these urban parks. These findings emphasize the importance of specific habitat features in supporting diverse bird communities and reveal varying degrees of species sensitivity to urbanization. The presence of these species in park bird communities allows one to assess the level of anthropogenic landscape transformation and can be used for monitoring the ecological state of urban areas. The results underscore the critical importance of conserving and restoring diverse habitats in urban parks and squares, which will support a wide range of bird species, including those adapted to urban environments and those more sensitive to changes.
Benthic macrofauna biodiversity on the East Coast of Algeria
Authors: Sebbih A. , Ramdani M. S. , Mahcene H. Rezzag , Keddari D. , Daas T. , Maamcha O.
Published: February 2025

This stu dy investigated the spatial and temporal variations in macrobenthic communities across three sites on the eastern coast of Algeria, El-Kala, Annaba, and Skikda, in 2021. These sites were selected to assess the impact of varying levels of human activity on marine biodiversity, with El-Kala experiencing minimal disturbance, while Annaba and Skikda were significantly affected by industrial and urban activities. Monthly sampling was conducted on both rocky and sandy substrates to capture a comprehensive picture of the biodiversity within these ecosystems. Water physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, were measured to evaluate the environmental conditions at each site. The results revealed a significant spatial variability in biodiversity among the sites. El-Kala exhibited the highest biodiversity, reflected in a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.51, followed by Annaba (2.06), and Skikda (1.89). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to elucidate the relationships between the physicochemical parameters and ecological indices across the three sites. PCA revealed that higher salinity levels were strongly associated with Skikda, which was affected by industrial runoff. In contrast, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were positively correlated with the ecological indices in El-Kala, indicating a healthier ecosystem with more stable environmental conditions. These findings highlight the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and conservation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of anthropogenic activities on coastal marine ecosystems. This study highlights the critical importance of env i ronmental management in regions fac ing significant industrial pressure, such as Skikda, in preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance.
Cruzas simples exploratorias de maíz morado para producción de pigmentos en pericarpio y olote
Authors: Ramírez Díaz José Luis , Ledesma Miramontes Alejandro , Salinas Moreno Yolanda , Alemán de la Torre Ivone , Dhliwayo Thanda , Vidal Martínez Víctor Antonio
Published: February 2025

Introducción. Los pigmentos vegetales son una opción para sustituir los artificiales y consumir alimentos sanos. Objetivo. Evaluar en campo y laboratorio cruzas simples exploratorias (CSE) de maíz con grano y olote morado, formadas con líneas aleatorias, para analizar la integración del patrón heterótico B-49N x B-41N. Materiales y Métodos. La investigación se llevó a cabo en Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México durante el 2021-2022. Se formaron CSE entre seis líneas S5 de la población B-49N y cuatro S3 de B-41N con grano y olote morado. En 2022, las cruzas y cinco testigos se evaluaron, en temporal, en la misma localidad mediante un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Tamaño de parcela, consistió de un surco de 4 m de largo, 0,8 m de ancho y 0,16 m entre plantas con 25 plantas por surco. Se tomaron datos de planta y mazorca. En siete cruzas se evaluó el contenido de antocianinas total en grano (CATg) y olote (CATo). Se hicieron análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias en todas las variables con el programa estadístico SAS. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 12 CSE con rendimiento igual (p < 0,05) que el testigo blanco, pero con grano y olote morado. Se observó una variación significativa (p < 0,05) en antesis (de 80 a 90 días), acame de tallo (de 0 a 12,6 %) y calificación de mazorca (de 1,5 a 2,7). El grano de las CSE fue suave a muy suave. No hubo asociación entre el rendimiento y contenidos altos de CATg y CATo. Conclusión. Los resultados de CSE muestran avances positivos en la integración del patrón heterótico de maíz morado B-49N x B-41N, pero, en el futuro, deberá aumentarse el contenido de antocianinas en grano y olote, y dureza del grano.
La criopreservación del germoplasma de especies ganaderas: Un paso hacia la sostenibilidad
Authors: Araya-Zúñiga Ignacio , Sevilla Francisco , González José A. , Matamoros Kenneth , Valverde Anthony
Published: February 2025

Introducción. El cambio climático ha conllevado a la necesidad de modificar la forma de producción en los sistemas ganaderos. Objetivo. Revisar el estado del arte sobre la criopreservación de espermatozoides de especies ganaderas y sus posibles repercusiones sobre el desarrollo sostenible. Desarrollo. Se revisaron artículos científicos entre el 2000 y el 2024 de Web of Science, Scopus y Science Direct. La congelación espermática se puede considerar como una forma de optimizar la reproducción de los animales, sin embargo, durante el proceso se puede estimular la formación de especies oxígeno reactivas (ROS), que promueven la peroxidación lipídica de la membrana, lo que puede generar daños a nivel estructural y molecular que comprometen la funcionalidad espermática y la capacidad fecundante del gameto masculino. El éxito de la criopreservación de los espermatozoides de especies ganaderas puede ser mejorado mediante la inclusión de factores extrínsecos como la adicción de antioxidantes, la centrifugación o la selección del tipo de congelación. Esta biotecnología reproductiva asociado con la inseminación artificial (IA) y la combinación de estas técnicas, ha permitido optimizar la rentabilidad de los sistemas ganaderos a través de la mejora genética continua. Conclusiones. La optimización de la criopreservación del germoplasma de las especies de interés zootécnico ha permitido el aumento de la productividad y la eficiencia de los sistemas ganaderos, así como la posibilidad de conservación de las especies, los cuales son factores claves para alcanzar la sostenibilidad.
“Entre arepas y cazuelas”: cotidianidades de la alimentación de los hijos e hijas de madres migrantes venezolanas en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Castillo Lucia Odette , Núñez Carrasco Elizabeth Rocio
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El aumento de la migración venezolana, su tendencia a la feminización, así como la cantidad de niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a familias migrantes venezolanas en Chile, invitan a una reflexión intercultural de las prácticas de crianza, que involucran los hábitos de alimentación, dada su connotación sanitaria y social. Metodología: Enfoque cualitativo sustentado en los supuestos del interaccionismo simbólico. Entre octubre de 2021 y enero de 2022, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, previa firma de consentimiento informado, a 19 madres migrantes venezolanas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión definidos. Los relatos fueron sometidos a análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: Se teorizó alrededor de tres categorías de análisis, a saber: acervos identitarios e integración de la cultura culinaria chilena; carencias maternas y valoración de la disponibilidad alimentaria en Chile; la ambivalente relación con el sistema de salud de Chile. Conclusiones: Por un lado, las madres venezolanas construyen una personal forma de alimentar a sus hijos en Chile, fundada en la preservación de creencias y tradiciones y, también, desde sus experiencias en Venezuela con respecto a la carencia; estas últimas dibujan una especial valoración del acceso a la alimentación en el país. Por otro lado, se releva la integración de los saberes aprendidos durante su interacción con la sociedad chilena a través de los establecimientos de salud, pues, según algunas de las participantes, dicha dinámica alberga tensiones a causa de las acciones asimilacionistas ejercidas por el sistema de salud al imponerles prácticas hegemónicas de alimentación infantil, alejadas de un enfoque intercultural.
Application of cold plasma, a novel nonthermal method on fruit juices: A review on quality and safety
Authors: Kaur Gurveer , Sandhya  , Kaur Maninder , Challana Vimal , Kaur Sumandeep
Published: February 2025

Growing consumer demand for minimally processed foods with high quality and safety standards has gained interest in nonthermal decontamination methods for fruit juices. Cold plasma (CP) has emerged as a promising technology in the food industry, offering numerous advantages, such as safety, versatility, environmental friendliness and efficiency. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of recent advances in CP application for fruit juice processing, focusing on microbial inactivation and its effect on bioactive components along with the interaction with active plasma species. Additionally, the paper also analyzes variations in operating parame-ters of CP that influence the quality of fruit juices. The data from the existing studies indicated that CP treatment resulted in microbial inactivation ranging from 0.15 to 7.4-log cycles. Additionally, enzymatic activity decreased by up to 54%, antioxidant activity improved by up to 261%, and anthocyanin levels increased by 35%, compared to the control samples. The CP shows promising results in retaining the juice’s physicochemical properties with minimal degradation. However, the scaling up of CP technology commercially is still a challenge. Further experimental studies are required in fruit juice processing for industrial applications to get a better idea for understanding the interactions between plasma active species and juice components.
Ethical Considerations of AI and ML in Insurance Risk Management: Addressing Bias and Ensuring Fairness
Authors:   Solution Architect, TCS-USA, Palakurti Naga Ramesh
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming the insurance industry by
optimizing risk assessment, fraud detection, and customer service. However, the rapid adoption of these technologies
raises significant ethical concerns, particularly regarding bias and fairness. This chapter explores the ethical challenges
of using AI and ML in insurance risk management, focusing on bias mitigation and fairness enhancement strategies. By
analyzing real-world case studies, regulatory frameworks, and technical methodologies, this chapter aims to provide a
roadmap for developing ethical AI/ML systems in the insurance sector. It highlights the importance of transparency,
accountability, and inclusivity in ensuring equitable outcomes
Structural and transport properties of La tungstate and its composite with nickel (II) and copper (II) oxides
Authors: Eremeev Nikita , Bespalko Yulia , Sadovskaya Ekaterina , Krieger Tamara , Cherepanova Svetlana , Suprun Evgeny , Ishchenko Arcady , Mikhailenko Mikhail , Korobeynikov Mikhail , Sadykov Vladislav
Published: February 2025

La tungstates possessing a high protonic conductivity (~10–4 S/cm at 600 °C) are state-of-the-art materials for hydrogen separation membranes. A promising approach in design of new materials for this application is creation of triple-conductive materials on their basis. The current work aims at studying structural, textural and transport properties of La27W5O55.5–δ and the composite of La27W5O55.5–δ with NiO and CuO obtained via the mechanical activation and sintered either in a furnace or by radiation thermal sintering using electron beam. The oxide material obtained is distorted double fluorite, while the composites consist of LaNi0.8W0.2O3–δ, NiO and CuO phases. As compared to the oxide sintered in furnace, the electron beam sintered La27W5O55.5–δ demonstrates a lower occupancy of 24f sites by W, higher La:W ratio and larger grain size. Extended defects including grain boundaries are observed in TEM images. La27W5O55.5–δ possesses moderate oxygen transport properties (oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient ~10–10 cm2/s at 800 °C). Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the materials exhibit the hydration behavior typical of proton conductors. The oxygen mobility is demonstrated to decline in the composites, which can be caused by a lower oxygen mobility of the LaNi0.8W0.2O3–δ phase compared to the La27W5O55.5–δ one and the diffusion hindered by nanoparticles of NiO and CuO. Reduction followed by reoxidation of the composites leads to increasing oxygen diffusivity, which can be related to partial unblocking of fast diffusion pathways.
Impact of Mesotherapy with Sodium Deoxycholate on Liver: Metabolic- and Sex-Specific Insights in Swiss mice
Authors: GONÇALVES LEIDYANNE F. , ROSA BEATRIZ R. , RAMOS ISABELA T.T. , FEDER JULIA B. , MESSINA JULIA R.M. , BARREIRA RAISSA M. , TORRES VANESSA M. , SIMÕES VITOR L. , PAES-DE-ALMEIDA ELAN C. , FERNANDES-SANTOS CAROLINE
Published: February 2025

Abstract Sodium deoxycholate (DC) mesotherapy is approved for submental fat reduction but lacks evidence for body contouring safety in other body regions. Thus, we studied the systemic and hepatic metabolic effects of DC mesotherapy (50 µg/twice weekly for 4 weeks) in the inguinal white adipose tissue of female and male Swiss mice on a 20% fructose diet (drinking water) for 12 weeks. DC led to adipose tissue hemorrhage, foam cells, and fibrosis, although no body weight and adiposity loss, similar to humans. In males, glucose and hepatic metabolism, hepatic morphology, and protein expression (farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor-21) did not change by DC, even under fructose feeding. In females, although DC increased hepatic total cholesterol, most changes when detected were due to fructose (e.g., hepatic weight and lipid deposition). In conclusion, chronic DC mesotherapy proved safe for systemic and hepatic metabolism, and when adverse effects are present, they are sex-specific, impacting mostly females, especially under an unhealthy diet. Overall, care must be taken to extrapolate this data to humans since further studies are required to prove its safety in other body systems.
Indexação, expurgos, inflação e distribuição de renda
Authors: NUNES JÚNIOR JAMES CLARK
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Com o objetivo de proporcionar uma melhor compreensão dos principais conceitos relacionados à inflação e objetivos políticos mais claros, este artigo constrói um modelo para uma economia excessivamente indexada e como esse processo não representa um obstáculo às mudanças nos preços relativos.
Renda da terra: uma concreção teórica necessária
Authors: CARCANHOLO REINALDO A.
Published: February 2025

RESUMO A capacidade do setor agroexportador de transferir valor para o setor industrial, especialmente durante a fase inicial de expansão, tem sido normalmente atribuída ao seu poder de gerar renda diferenciada. Porém, no nível de abstração em que é tratado, o problema não foi resolvido. Este artigo tenta desenvolver uma teoria da renda da terra em um nível específico de concretude que permitirá seu uso adequado. Depois de refinar o conceito de renda diferencial, são abandonadas as suposições da inexistência de formas pré-capitalistas e de fronteiras nacionais. Com isso, novas categorias são descobertas: renda diferencial geral, renda diferencial nacional e renda monopolista nacional absoluta.
O quadro econômico mundial 18 meses depois de iniciada a recuperação da economia norte-americana
Authors: MARTINS JOSÉ ANTÔNIO
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Esta análise centra-se na recente recuperação da economia americana e nas razões por trás dela. Pretende também compreender se este processo deverá repercutir-se na economia global.
Amar de mundo, amar de muerte: sobre el amor inútil en George Bataille
Authors: Águila Javier Agüero
Published: February 2025

Resumen: El siguiente texto explora el acontecimiento del amor en la obra del filósofo George Bataille. En esta línea, el artículo se organiza en tres partes centrales. La primera de ellas dice relación con la plenitud metafísica que emerge en la fusión de los cuerpos en el instante del erotismo, y en la potencial trascendencia que desde ahí se anuncia. Un segundo momento trata acerca del amor en el pensamiento del filósofo y su vínculo con la muerte. Así, la muerte se intuye ahí donde el pasaje por el amor mismo es, también, el camino a una vida que se enfrenta a su límite. En tercer lugar, se da cuenta de la figura de Dios como una zona en la que el mal también se revela y nos permitiría entonces, en el inciso producido por el amor, presentir un más allá de la vida productiva, al tiempo que tensar la oposición clásica entre el bien y el mal. Finalmente, se dejarán circulando algunas consideraciones sobre lo imposible de cerrar el amor como figuración y acontecimiento en la escritura de George Bataille.
“Pensamentos que Vêm com Pezinhos de Pomba”: uma conversa inacabada entre George Steiner e Walter Benjamin
Authors: Soeiro Ricardo Gil
Published: February 2025

Resumo: Em “Pensamentos que Vêm com Pezinhos de Pomba”, ensaia-se uma conversa inacabada entre Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) e George Steiner (1929-2020). Não pretendendo de modo algum esgotar os complexos nexos que se podem estabelecer entre esses dois grandes pensadores do século XX, procura-se tão-só identificar cartografias comuns, sugerir o entrecruzar de caminhos trilhados e tactear afinidades que se tocam. A bússola orientadora será o pensar steineriano e o modo como nele se insinuam as pegadas de Benjamin: Steiner pintando o retrato de Benjamin e Benjamin olhando o labirinto da esperança, fingindo não ver o anjo que se aproxima “com passinhos de pomba” (Nietzsche).