bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Title: An Epidemiological, Strategic and Response Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia: A Population Based Observational Study
Authors: Salman Hafiz Muhammad , Syed Javaria , Riaz Atif , Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Bokhari Syed Hashim Abbas Ali , Ojeda Ivan Cherrez
Published: June 2021

Background: South Asia has performed relatively better than initially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall burden and response have remained dynamic in the region with certain countries outperforming others despite limitations in health resources. Methodology: Using a population-based observational design, all 8 South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available data for population dynamics and other facilities. Results: South Asian countries have a younger average age of their population. Our findings demonstrate the inequitable distribution of resources centered in urban metropolitan cities within South Asian countries. Certain densely populated regions in these countries have better testing facilities and healthcare facilities that correlate with lower COVID-19 incidence per million populations. Trends of urban-rural disparities are not clear given the lack of clear reporting of the gap within these regions. COVID-19 vaccination lag has become apparent in South Asian countries with the expected time to complete the campaign being unfeasible as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses.Conclusion: The focus on response in the South Asia countries has been on controlling peaks rather than curbing them. With a redesign of governance policies on preventing the rise of COVID-19 promptly, the relief on the healthcare system and healthcare workers (HCWs) will allow for adequate time to roll out vaccination campaigns with equitable distribution.
Pyogenic liver abscess in non-liver cancer patients and liver cancer patients treated with TACE: etiological characteristics, treatment, and outcome analysis
Authors: Liu Yiming , Ren Yanqiao , Chen Jun , Song Songlin , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: June 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and microbiological features, clinical outcomes, and prognosis of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in non-liver cancer (Non-LC) patients and liver cancer patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE, LC-TACE).Methods: Clinical data of 48 consecutive PLA patients from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The mortality was compared between the two groups of PLA patients, and risk factors for mortality were evaluated.Results: A total of 48 PLA patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study from January 2016 to December 2020, including 31 males and 17 females. Among them, there were 32 patients in the Non-LC group and 16 patients in the LC-TACE group. Fever and chills were the most common symptoms in both groups, followed by abdominal pain. Shock occurred in 2 patient in the Non-LC group and 3 patients in the LC-TACE group. The positive rate of pus culture in the Non-LC group was 87.5%, among which the most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%, 14/28), and the positive rate of pus culture in the LC-TACE group was 81.3%, among which the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (30.8%, 4/13). In the Non-LC group, 28 patients improved after treatment, 1 patient did not improve, and 3 patients died during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 9.4%. In the LC-TACE group, 9 cases improved after treatment, 3 cases did not improve, and 4 cases died during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 25%. Multivariate analysis revealed no independent prognostic factor associated with mortality. The cure time of the Non-LC group was 37.4±23.1 days (6-90 days), while that of the LC-TACE group was 91.5±49.7 days (19-180 days), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions: PLA of the Non-LC group and the LC-TACE group were different in terms of pathogenic bacteria and cure time, etc. For PLA after TACE, a more aggressive and comprehensive treatment should be considered.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm With Skin and Bone Marrow Involvement:three Case Reports and Literature Reviews
Authors: Guo Jianghong , Zhang Hongwei , Xi Yanfeng , Chang Jiang , Wang Li , Li Yaling , Bai Wei , Wang Jinfen
Published: June 2021

Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy. BPDCN is difficult to diagnose because of the overlap in morphologic and immunophenotypic features with various cutaneous lymphatic hematopoietic tumors. Case presentation All cases were characterized by skin nodules and examined by histology, immunohistochemical detection, in situ hybridization for Epstein -Barr virus, and follow-up, and the relevant literatures were reviewd. Two patients involved the bone marrow. Immunohistochemical detection showed CD56 were positive, EBER were negative. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for BPDCN, but case 1 showed bone marrow suppression; and case 2 developed recur after chemotherapy. Conclusions An accurate pathological diagnosis is a precondition for treatment, and the diagnosis of BPDCN should be based on a combination of clinical symptoms, pathological characteristics, immunophenotype, and other auxiliary examinations. It is necessary to clarify the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of BPDCN to improve the understanding of BPDCN by both clinicians and pathologists. A cytotoxin directed against CD123(tagraxofusp) may bring new future.
Selection Criteria for Meat Production Based on the Morphometry of Morada Nova Lambs: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Alves Genilson Cesar , Vega Wilder Hernando Ortiz , Silveira Robson , Costa Hélio Henrique Araújo , Landim Aline Vieira
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the meat production potential of Morada Nova lambs from different genetic groups using morphological and zoometric data, performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 24 non-castrated male lambs from two genetic groups were used: Morada Nova red (MNR) and Morada Nova F1 red x Morada Nova white (MNF1) breed, with an initial mean body weight of 16.9 ± 3.43 kg and an average age of four months were distributed in a completely randomized design. Evaluations of morphometric data and zoom indices, performance and carcass characteristics were measured and calculated. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to differentiate and reduce the number of variables, to group them and then develop and validate a sheep meat production index. Only 12 differences in the 29 morphometric measurements and zoometric indices analyzed were observed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, only 7 of the 28 quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass were greater (P < 0.05) in MNF1 lambs. The yields of commercial cuts and the physical-chemical characteristics and qualitative measurements of the carcass were similar (P > 0.05) between the genetic groups. All groups of variables, except the cut yield, have discriminatory power (P < 0.05) with the highest classification percentages for body morphometry (91.3%) and zoometric indices (95.7%). The four identified factors, which together explain more than 85.0% of the total data variation, were renamed in the following order of importance: morpho-economic (38.5%), morpho-productive (18.8%), morpho-commercial (17.5%), and equilibrium (11.0%). The heat map showed the suitability in the morpho-commercial and morpho-economic factors for MNF1 lambs, while the MNR lambs showed emphasis for the equilibrium factor. Thus, the Sheep Meat Morphometric Index (SMMI) resulted in the following equation SMMI =\(\frac{\text{A}\text{I} \times 0.771 + \text{C}\text{H} \times 0.759 + \text{R}\text{H} \times 0.878 + \text{T}\text{P}\text{R}\text{I} \times 0.876 + \text{B}\text{I} \times 0.550 + \text{C}\text{W} \times 0.905}{100}\) In which: AI is the anamorphosis index; CH is chest height; RH is rump height; TPRI is the thoracic perimeter relation index; BI is body index; and CW is chest width. The application and validation of the developed index showed superiority (P < 0.001) for meat production in the crossed lambs. MNR and MNF1 lambs have high thoracic development, compact character and aptitude for meat production. Lambs crossed between genetic groups of the MN breed are another sustainable option for sheep production in drylands. It is recommended that the SMMI be used as a tool for morpho-productive selection criteria in breeding programs in the MN breed, as well as other small native breeds.
Association Between Cardiovascular Risk-factors and Venous Thromboembolism in a Large Longitudinal Study of French Women
Authors: MACDONALD Conor , Madika AL , Lajous Martin , Canonico M , Fournier Agnes , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine
Published: June 2021

Background
Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the influence of cardiovascular risk-factors on venous thromboembolism. This study aimed to determine if these risk-factors, i.e. physical activity, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes, were associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism, and to determine if these associations were confounded by BMI.
Methods
We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990, consisting of 98,995 women born between 1925 and 1950. From the women in the study we included those who did not have prevalent arterial disease or venous thromboembolism at baseline; thus 91,707 women were included in the study. Venous thromboembolism cases were self-reported during follow-up, and verified via specific mailings to medical practitioners or via drug reimbursements for anti-thrombotic medications. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were self-reported validated against drug reimbursements or specific questionnaires. Physical activity, and smoking were based on self-reports. Cox-models, adjusted for BMI and other potential risk-factors were used to determine hazard ratios for incident venous thromboembolism.
Results
During 1,897,960 person-years (PY), 1, 649 first incident episodes of thrombosis were identified at an incidence rate of 0.9 per 1,000 PY. This included 505 cases of pulmonary embolism and 1,144 cases of deep vein thrombosis with no evidence of pulmonary embolism. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, smoking and physical activity were not associated with the overall risk of thrombosis after adjustment for BMI.
Conclusions
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes should not be considered risk-factors for venous thromboembolism.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects and Mechanism of Plantaricin 149 from Lactobacillus Plantarum NRIC 149 on the Peri-Implantitis Pathogens
Authors: Lin Xiaolong , Xu Jiajia , Xu Yuedan , Shi Zhiwei , Fu Tao , Zhang Ling , He Fuming
Published: June 2021

Peri-implantitis is a common reversible disease after tooth implantation, caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Based on non-surgical or surgical treatment principles, supplementation by local or systemic drugs might enhance treatment efficacy. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) (ATCC 33277) and Prevotella intermedius (Pi) (ATCC 25611) were used as test strains. The effects of Pln 149 on the biofilm formation and growth of four periodontal pathogens were evaluated by RT-PCR, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial mechanism was tested by the patch-clamp technique. The cytotoxicity of Pln 149 (125 µg/ml) to bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) was assessed using an MTT assay. Pln 149 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Pg and Pi (P<0.05), with significant differences in the biofilm images of fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (P<0.05). Pln 149 could change the sodium channel currents and exerted no cytotoxicity on bone marrow stromal cell. Pln 149 could inhibit the biofilm formation and growth of periodontal pathogens. Considering the absence of antimicrobial resistance and cytotoxicity, we suggest that the Pln 149 from Lactobacillus plantarum 149 might be a promising option for managing peri-implantitis.
Changes in Sedentary Behavior Patterns During the Transition From Childhood to Adolescence and Their Association With Adiposity: a Prospective Study Based on Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Rubín Lukáš , Gába Aleš , Pelclová Jana , Štefelová Nikola , Jakubec Lukáš , Dygrýn Jan , Hron Karel
Published: June 2021

Background: To date, no longitudinal study using a compositional approach has examined sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in relation to adiposity in the pediatric population. Therefore, our aims were to (1) investigate the changes in SB patterns and adiposity from childhood to adolescence, (2) analyze the prospective compositional associations between changes in SB patterns and adiposity, and (3) estimate the changes in adiposity associated with substituting SB with physical activity (PA) of different intensities.Methods: The study presents a longitudinal design with a 5-year follow-up. A total of 88 participants (61% girls) were included in the analysis. PA and SB were monitored for seven consecutive days using a hip-worn accelerometer. Adiposity markers (fat mass percentage [FM%], fat mass index [FMI], and visceral adiposity tissue [VAT]) were assessed using the multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis. The prospective associations were examined using compositional data analysis.Results: Over the follow-up period, the proportion of time spent in total SB increased by 154.8 min/day (p < 0.001). The increase in total SB was caused mainly by an increase in middle and long sedentary bouts, as these SB periods increased by 79.8 min/day and 62 min/day (p < 0.001 for both), respectively. FM%, FMI, and VAT increased by 2.4 percent points, 1.0 kg/m2, and 31.5 cm2 (p < 0.001 for all), respectively. Relative to the remaining movement behaviors, the increase in time spent in middle sedentary bouts was significantly associated with higher FM% (βilr1 = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.53) at follow-up. Lower VAT by 3.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 5.7), 3.8% (95% CI: 0.03 to 7.4), 3.9% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.9), and 3.8% (95% CI: 0.7 to 6.9) was associated with substituting 15 min/week spent in total SB and in short, middle, and long sedentary bouts, respectively, with an equivalent amount of time spent in vigorous PA.Conclusions: This study showed unfavorable changes in SB patterns and adiposity status in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Incorporating high-intensity PA at the expense of SB appears to be an appropriate approach to reduce the risk of excess adiposity in the pediatric population.
The Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Comorbidity With Hypertension and Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Yan Jumei , Zhou Jiamin , Huang Jun , Zhang Hongyu , Deng Zilin , Du Yun
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) incurred by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients comorbiding with hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) during hospitalization and 1-year follow-up. 648 consecutive AMI patients were divided into four categories: (1) hypertension with Hcy ≥ 15 umol/L; (2) hypertension with Hcy < 15 umol/L; (3) no-hypertension with Hcy ≥ 15 umol/L; (4) no-hypertension with Hcy < 15 umol/L. Information taken from these case files included gender, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory examination, electrocardiogram, coronary angiography, cardiac ultrasound, and medicine treatment. The primary endpoints were duration of coronary care units (CCU) stay, duration of in-hospital stay, and MACEs during follow-up. Our data show that hypertension and HHcy have a synergistic effect in AMI patients, AMI comorbiding with hypertension and HHcy patients had more severe multi-coronary artery disease and more frequent non-culprit coronary lesions complete clogging, had a higher prevalence of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and significant decreases in the left ventricular ejection fraction. These patients had significant increases in the duration of CCU stay and in-hospital stay, had significant increase in the rate of MACEs, had significant decreases in the survival rate during follow-up.
Operando spectroscopic observation of dynamic-coupling oxygen on single-atomic iridium catalyst for acidic water oxidation
Authors: Su Hui , Zhou Wanlin , Zhou Wu , Li Yuanli , Zheng Li Rong , Zhang Hui , Liu Meihuan , Zhang Xiuxiu , Sun Xuan , Xu Yanzhi , Hu Fengchun , Zhang Jing , Hu Tiandou , Liu Qinghua , Wei Shiqiang
Published: June 2021

Uncovering the dynamics of active sites under working state is crucial to realizing increased activity, enhanced stability and reduced cost of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane electrolytes. Herein, we identify at atomic level a potential-driven dynamic-coupling oxygen on the hetero-nitrogen configured single-atomic Ir sites (HN-Ir NC) during OER working conditions to successfully endow the single-atomic Ir catalyst with an ultrahigh electrochemical acidic-OER activity. Using operando synchrotron radiation infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, we directly observe in the experiment that a dynamic oxygen atom is formed at the Ir site with the O-hetero-Ir-N4 structure as more electrophilic active center and then effectively promote the generation of the key *OOH intermediates under working potentials, which is exceptionally favourable for the dissociation of H2O over Ir sites and resistance to over-oxidation and dissolution of the active sites.The optimal single-atomic HN-Ir NC catalyst delivers a large mass activity of 2860 A gmetal−1 and a huge turnover frequency of 5110 h− 1 at a low overpotential of 216 mV (10 mA cm− 2), 480˗510 times than that of commercial IrO2 catalyst. More importantly, the HN-Ir NC catalyst shows no evident deactivation after continuous 100 h OER operation in acidic medium.
Hydrogeochemistry of Hot Springs and the 2018 Mojiang M 5.9 Earthquake-Related Chemical Changes in the Simao Basin, China
Authors: Li Qilin , Zhao Ciping , Wang Yun , Zhou Yiying , Ran Hua
Published: June 2021

Due to strong tectonic activity, the Simao Basin frequently experiences earthquakes with a magnitude of 6 or greater. This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics of 21 thermal springs in the Simao Basin from 2018 to 2020 to determine how the 2018 Mojiang M5.9 earthquake caused hydrochemical changes. The results showed that the Simao Basin contained saline spring waters, HCO3−-rich spring waters, and SO42−-rich spring waters. Stratum lithology characteristics in the area exerted obvious control over the water chemistry characteristics. Saline springs flowed through red beds and dissolved large amounts of halite, which is rich with Cl−and Na+. Ca2+ (Mg2+) and HCO3− in the hot spring waters were mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate minerals, gypsum, and anhydrite in Triassic rocks. The higher SO42− content in the hot spring waters was influenced by pyrite contained in Ailaoshan metamorphic rocks. The reservoir temperatures (121–289° C) in the Simao Basin were estimated by the silica-enthalpy mixing model equation and silica-enthalpy diagram. The hot springs with higher reservoir temperatures (> 250° C) were mainly located at the edges of the basin, which may correlate with nearby deep faults that provided deep heat and metamorphic rocks with low permeabilities. The concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3− in most springs increased obviously before the Mojiang M5.9 earthquake but decreased after the earthquake. Changes also occurred in the reservoir temperatures of some spring samples. These hydrogeochemical variations might be attributable to accelerated water-rock interactions and/or the mixing of second fluids due to the earthquake.
Classification of Brain Tumours in MR Images using Deep Spatiospatial Models
Authors: Chatterjee Soumick , Nizamani Faraz Ahmed , Nürnberger Andreas , Speck Oliver
Published: June 2021

A brain tumour is a mass or cluster of abnormal cells in the brain, which has the possibility of becoming life-threatening because of its ability to invade neighbouring tissues and also form metastases. An accurate diagnosis is essential for successful treatment planning and magnetic resonance imaging is the principal imaging modality for diagnostic of brain tumours and their extent. Deep Learning methods in computer vision applications have shown significant improvement in recent years, most of which can be credited to the fact that a sizeable amount of data is available to train models on, and the improvements in the model architectures yielding better approximations in a supervised setting. Classifying tumours using such deep learning methods has made significant progress with the availability of open datasets with reliable annotations. Typically those methods are either 3D models, which use 3D volumetric MRIs or even 2D models considering each slice separately. However, by treating one spatial dimension separately or by considering the slices as a sequence of images over time, spatiotemporal models can be employed as "spatiospatial" models for this task. These models have the capabilities of learning specific spatial and temporal relationship, while reducing computational costs. This paper uses two spatiotemporal models, ResNet (2+1)D and ResNet Mixed Convolution, to classify different types of brain tumours. It was observed that both these models performed superior to the pure 3D convolutional model, ResNet18. Furthermore, it was also observed that pre-training the models on a different, even unrelated dataset before training them for the task of tumour classification improves the performance. Finally, Pre-trained ResNet Mixed Convolution was observed to be the best model in these experiments, achieving a macro F1-score of 0.9345 and a test accuracy of 96.98%, while at the same time being the model with the least computational cost.
Opioid Overdose Crises During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implication of Health Disparities
Authors: Patel Ishika , Walter Lauren , Li Li
Published: June 2021

Background. Recent data suggests a disproportionate impact of opioid overdoses on Black Americans. The study aims to describe emergency department (ED) visits at a Southern, urban ED pertaining to opioid overdose and associated health disparities. Methods. Patients presenting to the ED at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital with opioid overdoses from January 1 to October 31, 2019, and from January 1 to October 31, 2020, were identified from electronic medical records. Results. The total number of opioid overdose visits increased 9.7% (556 to 611) between January through October 2020 compared with 2019. Among patients who presented with opioid overdose, the mean ages were 50.3 years and 48.3 years, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. In both 2019 and 2020, more Blacks than whites were treated for opioid overdose in the ED (284 vs. 258 in 2019, and 306 vs. 271 in 2020) although 28 patients did not record their race in 2020. Consistently, more overdose deaths were observed in Blacks than in Whites in 2020. More individuals seeking opioid overdose treatment were single in both years. Conclusions. The study reported a greater number of visits for opioid overdoses from January to October of 2020 in an ED of a deep south region, as well as higher overdose deaths in Blacks. Our findings highlight the importance of substance use treatment, harm reduction, and overdose prevention efforts that should be immediately present to reduce opioid overdose especially for vulnerable populations in the South, i.e., Black community, and individuals experiencing singlehood.
Assessing the Presence and Position of Carotid Plaque Improves Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Among Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Zuo Hui-Juan , Song Xian-Tao , Wang Jin-Wen , Yang Hong-Xia , Lin Jie
Published: June 2021

Background: Ischemic cardiovascular disease (ISCVD) is a massive public health problem. ISCVD risk prediction models based on traditional risk factors as predictors is limited. Carotid atherosclerosis plays a fundamental value in the occurrence of ISCVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of risk stratification plus carotid plaque improving the prediction of ISCVD. Methods: Between June 2016 and June 2017, 3998 subjects with hypertension were prospectively recruited and completed traditional risk factors survey and carotid ultrasound measurements in Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China. Results: A total of 2010 (50.3%) subjects were detected carotid plaque. Among patients free from ISCVD (n=3479), there were 884 patients (25.4%) at high risk for ISCVD, and 868 (25.0%), 1727 (49.6%) was classified as intermediate risk or low risk according to Chinese cardiovascular risk score chart. The detected rate of carotid plaque was 64.7%, 53.7%, and 38.5% among patients at high risk to low risk, respectively. Carotid plaques and risk stratification alone or in combination were significantly associated with ischemic stroke, and negatively correlated with coronary heart disease (all P>0.05). Adding carotid plaque to risk stratification, the ischemic stroke prevalence increased from 5.3% to 9.1% in the low-risk group (P=0.001), 5.4% to 12.3% in the intermediate-risk group (P<0.001) and 8.2% to 14.4% than in the high-risk group (P=0.004). Intermediate risk plus carotid plaque (443/3998) were reclassified to a new high-risk group, high risk only (749/3998) and low risk plus carotid plaque (353/3998) were reclassified to a new intermediate risk group; and intermediate risk only (553/3998) were reclassified to a new low risk group. According to the reclassification, there were 1635 subjects (40.9%) at high risk, and 1102 (27.6%), 1261 (31.5%) was classified as intermediate risk or low risk. Conclusions: Carotid plaque has an important position as it plus risk stratification may improve the risk assessment of ischemic stroke and have resulted in reclassification.
Deep Learning-Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis at Ultrasound: Initial Application of Weakly-Supervised Algorithm Without Image Annotation Original Research
Authors: Kim Jaeil , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Chanho , Lee Jin Hwa , Kim Keum Won , Park Young Mi , Ki So Yeon , Kim You Me , Kim Won Hwa , Kim Hye Won
Published: June 2021

Conventional deep learning (DL) algorithm requires full supervision of annotating the region of interest (ROI) that is laborious and often biased. We aimed to develop a weakly-supervised DL algorithm that diagnosis breast cancer at ultrasound without image annotation. Weakly-supervised DL algorithms were implemented with three networks (VGG16, ResNet34, and GoogLeNet) and trained using 1000 unannotated US images (500 benign and 500 malignant masses). Two sets of 200 images (100 benign and 100 malignant masses) were used for internal and external validation sets. For comparison with fully-supervised algorithms, ROI annotation was performed manually and automatically. Diagnostic performances were calculated as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Using the class activation map, we determined how accurately the weakly-supervised DL algorithms localized the breast masses. For internal validation sets, the weakly-supervised DL algorithms achieved excellent diagnostic performances, with AUC values of 0.92–0.96, which were not statistically different (all Ps > 0.05) from those of fully-supervised DL algorithms with either manual or automated ROI annotation (AUC, 0.92–0.96). For external validation sets, the weakly-supervised DL algorithms achieved AUC values of 0.86–0.90, which were not statistically different (Ps > 0.05) or higher (P = 0.04, VGG16 with automated ROI annotation) from those of fully-supervised DL algorithms (AUC, 0.84–0.92). In internal and external validation sets, weakly-supervised algorithms could localize 100% of malignant masses, except for ResNet34 (98%). The weakly-supervised DL algorithms developed in the present study were feasible for US diagnosis of breast cancer with well-performing localization and differential diagnosis.
Proofreading Experimentally Assigned Stereochemistry Through Q2MM Predictions in Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Aminations
Authors: Wahlers Jessica , Margalef Jessica , Hansen Eric , Bayesteh Armita , Helquist Paul , Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar , Wiest Olaf , Norrby Per-Ola
Published: June 2021

The palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution by carbon or nitrogen nucleophiles is a key transformation that is particularly useful for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Unfortunately, the selection of a suitable ligand/substrate combination often requires significant screening effort. Here, we show that a transition state force field (TSFF) derived by the quantum-guided molecular mechanics (Q2MM) method can be used to rapidly screen ligand/substrate combinations. Testing of this method on 77 literature reactions revealed several cases where the computationally predicted major enantiomer differed from the one reported. Interestingly, experimental follow-up led to a reassignment of the experimentally observed configuration. This result demonstrates the power of mechanistically based methods to predict and, where necessary, correct the stereochemical outcome.
An Innovative Network based on Double Receptive Field and Recursive Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Meng Peng-fei , Jia Shuang-cheng , Li Qian
Published: June 2021

In the scenes of character recognition, this paper studies the influence of network structure and parameters of “An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition (CRNN) ” on the recognition results in detail, and proposes an improved CRNN network based on double receptive field and recursive Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory(BILSTM), which is named “An innovative network based on double receptive field and Recursive Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory༈CRNN_RES༉”. In the CRNN_RES network, the innovations of this paper are adjusting the structure of CNN to enhance the feature extraction ability of the CNN network and using the shared parameter BILSTM network with recursive residuals to reduce the number of network parameters and improve the accuracy of the model prediction. In fact, the number of parameters of CRNN_RES network proposed in this paper is 7148325, which is 1182976 fewer than that of CRNN. On the same open datasets:ICDAR 2003༈IC03༉,ICDAR 2013༈IC13༉༌IIIT 5k-word༈IIIT5k༉, and Street View Text (SVT), the proposed method achieves 96.90%, 89.85%, 83.63%, and 82.96% recognition accuracy, which are higher than that of CRNN 1.40%, 3.15%, 5.43% ༌and 2.16%.
Long-term Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cognitive Function in Seniors: A Cohort Study in China
Authors: Han Lizhen , Jia Jinzhu
Published: June 2021

Background
In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalization recommendations and data support.
Methods
5,354 Chinese seniors aged 65–112 years were selected as the subjects, and their participation in the survey covered the time span from 1998–2018. Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis.
Results
The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank, and the effect was long-term. The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits. Compared to the liquor (≥ 38°), seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine had a relatively lower risk of cognitive decline. In addition, associations between marital status, frequency of food intake, activity participation and cognitive performance in seniors were also confirmed.
Conclusions
Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.
Socio-Cultural Self-Identification: Lost, Created and Asserted Identity
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Natalia A. Ostroglazova
Published: June 2021

Mutual influence of external and internal factors that determine the process of sociocultural identification is now becoming increasingly interrelated and unpredictable. The documentation of the observed trends in the media text, which is the subject of this study, allows for the research study and philosophical understanding of the ongoing changes. In particular, a comprehensive analysis of the publications in the authoritative British magazine The Economist in recent years made it possible to identify the main contexts in which the linguistic projection of the concept of identity constitutes itself, as well as to establish the most noticeable directions of its changes. The analysis of the dynamics of these changes, in turn, opened up the opportunity to highlight the main directions of the search and conditions for the adoption of new identities, that complement or replace existing ones. As a result of the research, it has been proved: from the standpoint of the authors of The Economist, first, politics always directly or indirectly affects all dimensions of personal and collective identity; secondly, any political action today is perceived by them in the context of identity politics. If for the subject identity determines meaning and provides security, then for the external actors it is an opportunity to gain political weight through “support” and “pressure”. According to the stance of The Economist, identity change often occurs arbitrarily rather than involuntarily and represents the promotion (akin to advertising) of group identity. Several conclusions of the study concern how natural language is able to convey the subtleties of identity dynamics, and how this is related to the development of the concept of identity culture. The results of the study are applicable for a detailed analysis of the discourse of identity by specialists from different scientific fields, as well as for the development of communicative competence in general. Keywords: philosophy of culture, sociocultural identity, identity transformations, media representation, conceptualization, identity politics
Socially Oriented Non-Profit Organizations in the Welfare State
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Ekaterina M. Liga
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the rapid development of the institutions of self-organization of citizens emerging and existing in various forms actualizes the issues related to their emergence and role in the implementation of social policy. This type of organization whose task was to provide social assistance and support to social risk groups has become the subject of scientific discussions and research in recent years. Scientists focus on various aspects and directions of development of the welfare state, forms of implementation, models of social policy, factors that determine its evolution, which includes the formation, flourishing and entry into an era of crisis. The purpose of the study is to consider the evolution of the welfare state as the basis for the emergence of institutions of self-organization of citizens. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the concepts of post-industrial society, which made it possible to consider the emergence and evolution of institutions of self-organization of citizens as a reflection of the processes taking place in society, to determine their place and role in the state of general welfare. A historical approach was also used, which made it possible to analyze the stages of the emergence of socially-oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPOs), the forms of their involvement in the social policy of the state; a method for identifying cause-and-effect relationships, which made it possible to identify factors that influence the interaction of SO NPOs and the state. This article describes the activities of various forms of the welfare state in the field of social protection of the population. We highlighted the positions on the problem of the emergence of institutions of self-organization of citizens in scientific thought and analyzed the reasons for the emergence of SO NPOs. The conclusion was drawn that it was the evolution of the welfare state that became the basis for the emergence of institutions of self-organization of citizens. Keywords: social structure, types of welfare state, institution of citizens’ self-organization, confrontation, rivalry, social policy, socially oriented non-profit organizations – SO NPOs
Therapeutic alternative for oral lichen planus treatment in an unusual location: case report
Authors: Dutra Thaís Torres Barros , Bezerra Thâmara Manoela Marinho , Chaves Filipe Nobre , Feitosa Sthefane Gomes , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves
Published: June 2021

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is considered a potentially malignant lesion (PML), although its rate of transformation is controversial. New treatments have been introduced recently, for example calcipotriene (D3 vitamin analog). Its incremental action with glucocorticoids is observed and isolated lip lesions may respond positively to combined topical therapy. Thus, objective of this case report is to show a therapeutic alternative for isolated and persistent OLP lip lesions. An 18-year-old teenager was referred to evaluate an erythematous lower lip lesion with approximately 10 years of evolution. The inspection revealed multiple erythematous areas surrounded by thin whitish streaks located in the vermilion of the lower lip. No abnormalities in the skin, nails, scalp or other areas of oral mucosa were observed. The incisional biopsy was performed and the microscopic exam showed areas of basal layer degeneration with intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate banded and predominantly subepithelial. The therapeutic proposal was topical application of Daivobet®, a combination of topical corticosteroids and vitamin D derivative. The lesion had remission after the fifteen days, medication was suspended and indicated when there was a relapse. During follow-up, no recurrences or complications were observed. That combination therapy may be a new approach in treating OLP.
Conhecimentos básicos de pais de crianças submetidas a tratamento fonoaudiológico quanto à audição e linguagem
Authors: Fidêncio Vanessa Luisa Destro , Azevedo Isabela de Jesus , Menezes Estefaniely dos Santos , Campos Kayce Tuanne Silva , Corrêa Camila de Castro
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Acredita-se que pais de crianças pequenas apresentam poucos conhecimentos a respeito do desenvolvimento normal do comportamento auditivo e de linguagem. Ao mesmo tempo, este conhecimento é indispensável para que, ao perceberem o menor sinal de alteração no comportamento de seu filho quanto a essas habilidades, os pais possam procurar auxílio profissional imediato, de forma a favorecer o diagnóstico e intervenção precoces. Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento de pais de crianças submetidas a tratamento fonoaudiológico quanto ao desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem oral. Método: Foram entrevistados 23 pais de crianças em atendimento fonoaudiológico em uma Clínica Escola. Resultados: O total de 69,5% demonstrou desconhecimento sobre a época em que a criança deve começar a reagir aos sons. A maioria dos entrevistados acredita que a deficiência auditiva pode acarretar em problemas na fala, voz, comportamento, problemas escolares e emocionais. Grande parte demonstrou ter conhecimento sobre a idade em que a criança deve apresentar as primeiras palavras. No entanto, o mesmo não pôde ser observado quanto à questão da data limite para ocorrência de trocas fonológicas. Do total da amostra, 82,6% relatou não ter recebido orientações sobre o desenvolvimento da audição e linguagem oral. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os pais de crianças menores de cinco anos apresentam pouco conhecimento sobre os marcos do desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e comportamento auditivo e que há falha quanto à orientação por parte dos profissionais sobre essas questões, reforçando a necessidade da criação de métodos efetivos para esse fim.
Estratégia cirúrgica para tratamento de fratura de côndilo mandibular
Authors: Fernandes Breno dos Reis , Marchiori Darah Ligia , Santos Gabriel Mulinari dos , Paino-Sant’Ana Amanda , Silva Rodrigo Capalbo da , Medronho Daniel de Lima e Sá , Okamoto Roberta , Silva Jonathan Ribeiro da , Pereira Rodrigo dos Santos
Published: June 2021

Os traumas na região mandibular que resultem em fraturas do processo condilar da mandíbula podem levar a alterações não somente no desenvolvimento facial, como na oclusão dentária e na movimentação da articulação temporomandibular (ATM). Desse modo, o diagnóstico das fraturas e a indicação do tratamento devem ser precisos para se evitar as disfunções dessa articulação ou ainda sequelas mais graves que alterem o crescimento da face e da mandíbula ou impossibilitem a abertura satisfatória da boca, como as anquiloses temporomandibulares. Neste artigo é relatado um caso clínico de uma fratura de côndilo mandibular direito, no qual a paciente apresentava desvio em abertura bucal máxima, queixas álgicas relacionada a abertura bucal além de limitação na abertura bucal e desoclusão dentária que foi tratada cirurgicamente através da fixação da fratura. Após um ano de pós-operatório o paciente evolui com uma abertura bucal satisfatória sem desvio, sem queixas álgicas e uma oclusão estável.
Development of a method for producing new generation of protein snacks using the processes of cryo and mechanical distruction
Authors: Pogarskaya Viktoriya , Yurieva Olga , Pogarskiy Aleksey , Balabai Kateryna , Maksymova Nadiya
Published: June 2021

The aim of research is to develop a method for the production of a new generation of protein snacks using a protein vegetable and milk base and vegetable fortifiers from spicy and carotene-containing vegetables using cryo and mechanical destruction processes. The method is based on the use of a deep processing method as an innovation, which consists in a complex effect on vegetable and protein raw materials of cryo and mechanical destruction processes in modern quick-freezing and low-temperature crushing equipment. The proposed method allows to get new protein snacks with a high content of protein, BAR and phytocomponents in an easily digestible form.

A new generation of protein snacks has been developed to strengthen the immune system using cryogenic protein base and vegetable raw materials. Nano-additives from dried peas and specially processed soft brine cheese are used as a protein base. Pea nanoadditives obtained using non-enzymatic catalysis – mechanolysis, mechanical destruction contain 21.5 ... 23.0% of complete protein, which includes 49% of amino acids in a bound state and 51% in a free state. During the special processing of soft brine cheese with the help of mechanical destruction, 50 ... 55% of the bound amino acids of the protein are transformed into free α-amino acids in an easily digestible form.

The proposed method makes it possible to more fully reveal the biological potential of vegetable and protein raw materials, to transform protein, BAS and phytocomponents in a bound form into easily digestible nanocomponents into a free easily digestible form. In addition, the processed protein base and raw materials acquire new properties - structure formation, gelation, coloring ability.

The obtained protein snacks are natural, differ from the traditional ones by their high content of complete protein and the absence of synthetic impurities (preservatives, thickeners, colorants, etc.). In addition, 100 g of new products can satisfy the daily requirement for biologically active substances (β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds)
Do Island Languages Exist? A research note from the Nordic countries
Authors: Nash Joshua , Markússon Jón Símon , Bakker Peter
Published: June 2021

This critical report-cum-position statement summarises several workshops and conference panels recently held in three Nordic countries—Denmark, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands—based in developing the concept of island languages. It puts forward the epistemology and ontology of these sessions. The role these gatherings are playing in encouraging a more linguistically mandated direction within island studies and the study of island languages, especially in the Nordic countries and Europe, is summarised.
Poverty, Dickens’s Oliver Twist, and J. R. McCulloch
Authors: ÇELİKKOL Ayşe
Published: June 2021

As the precursor to the science of economics, political economy concerned some topics that also preoccupied novelists, such as poverty and wealth. Literary criticism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been charting the ways in which the discourses of literature and political economy intersect, despite the Romantic disavowal of their commonalities. Aiming to contribute to this ongoing scholarly effort, this essay pinpoints an unexpected affinity between Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist, a novel which addresses the plight of the poor under the New Poor Law of 1834, and the political economist J. R. McCulloch’s writing on that piece of legislation. Both mistrust theoretical knowledge and privilege the particular as the basis on which one must make decisions. This affinity is unexpected because Oliver Twist repudiates political economy. Recognizing McCulloch’s and Dickens’s common epistemology alerts us to the ways in which the preference for the particular over the systemic shapes Oliver Twist. The common ground between Oliver Twist and McCulloch’s writing on the New Poor Law attests to the interconnectedness of literature and political economy.
Yazınsal Onomastik ve Çocuk Yazını Çevirisinde Kişi Adlarının Çevrilebilirliği Üzerine
Authors: TURAN Dilek
Published: June 2021

Çocuk yazını çevirisi, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de önemli bir çalışma alanıdır. Ancak, çocuk yazını çevirisinde çevirmenler çeşitli sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Ortaya çıkan sorunlardan bir tanesi de eserlerde yer alan kişi adlarının çevrilip çevrilmemesi veya nasıl çevrilmesi gerektiğidir. Çocuk yazını çevirisinde kişi adlarının anlam ve işlevleri ayrı bir önem taşır; çünkü isimler hikȃyenin çocuk okur tarafından anlaşılmasında önemli rol oynar. Bu bağlamda onomastik (adbilim) ile çeviribilimin birlikte çalışması, çeviribilim için önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Onomastik, özel isimleri araştıran, isimleri köken bilgisi, tarihsel gelişme yönünden ve dil ve kültür sorunları açısından inceleyen bilimdir. Çeviri yazında özel isimler özellikle de kişi adları, çevirmeni bir seçim yapmak zorunda bırakır. Bu noktada çeviribilimin onomastik ve edebiyatbilim ile birlikte çalışması, çeviribilim açısından yeni bir yaklaşım sağlar. Bu disiplinlerarası çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymak için, bu çalışmada onomastik alanında yapılan çalışmalar incelendikten sonra, yazınsal onomastik alanı irdelenecek ve çocuk yazınından bir çeviri örneğindeki kişi adları incelenecektir. Bu incelemenin amacı, onomastik ile çeviribilimin disiplinlerarası çalışmalara sağlayacağı katkının ortaya konmasıdır.