bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive AC Control Using Deep Learning: Improving Comfort and Energy Saving
Authors: Mohd Ameeruddin Ahmad Azhan bin , Tan Wooi-Nee , Gan Ming-Tao , Yip Sook-Chin
Published: December 2023

The growing global population and the availability of energy-hungry smart devices are critical factors in today's alarmingly high electricity usage. The majority of energy used in urban areas is consumed by buildings, with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (AC) systems accounting for a significant amount of energy use. This project proposes an AC controlling algorithm that uses the Internet of Things sensors and a deep learning framework in temperature prediction to control a single AC unit. The algorithm consists of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict the indoor temperature for the nextÂ JÂ minutes. The highlight of this model is its capacity to predict the future temperature based on the predetermined AC status, whether it is switched on or off. The AC unit will be turned off if theÂ J-minute predicted temperature is within the desired thermal comfort range, and it will be turned back on if the sensor readings exceed the upper pre-set threshold. The experiment is performed on the dataset collected by Chulalongkorn University Building Energy Management System (CU-BEMS). The LSTM prediction model developed using CU-BEMS data yields an average Root Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Error of 0.08 and 0.03, respectively. A half-day simulation is also performed in controlling the AC unit from 7:39 a.m. to 11:35 a.m. The proposed algorithm shows that 49.00% of the time, the AC unit can be turned off while the thermal range is maintained between 27ÂºC to 27.9ÂºC, providing a strategy for managing the AC unit and achieving energy savings.
Mobile Implementation of Retinal Image Analysis for Efficient Vessel, Optic Disc, and Lesion Detection
Authors: Hossain Mubdiul , Ali Aziah , Hashim Noramiza , Mohd Isa Wan Noorshahida , Wan Zaki Wan Mimi Diyana , Hussain Aini
Published: December 2023

Smartphone-based mobile fundus photography is gaining popularity due to the rise of handheld fundus lenses, allowing a portable solution for a mobile-based computer-assisted diagnostic system (CADS). With such a system, professionals can monitor and diagnose numerous retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, etc. on their smartphone devices. In this study, we proposed a unified CADS tool for smartphone devices that can detect and identify six crucial retinal features utilizing both a filtering approach and a deep learning (DL) approach. These features are retinal blood vessels (RBV), optic discs (OD), hemorrhages (HM), microaneurysm (MA), hard exudates (HE), and soft exudates (SE). Traditional filtering is applied for RBV segmentation using B-COSFIRE and Frangi filter, whereas vessel inpainting and automatic canny edge-based Hough transform are used to localize OD center and radius. The DR lesions (HM, MA, HE, OD segmentation, and SE) are detected using a transfer learning-based Resnet50 backbone and multiclass DL U-net architecture. RBV segmentation achieved 94.94% and 94.44% accuracy in the DRIVE and STARE datasets. OD localization achieved an accuracy of 99.60% in the MESSIDOR dataset. Lastly, the IDRiD dataset is used to train and validate the DR lesions with an overall accuracy of 99.7%, F1-score of 77.4, and mean IoU of 59.2. The smartphone application can perform all the segmentation tasks at once in an average of 30 seconds. Given the availability, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the DL method further by training with more mobile fundus datasets.
A Bayesian Approach to Explore Risk Factors for Respiratory Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit Patient
Authors: Nor Hisham Shah Norliyana Binti , Abdul Razak Normy Norfiza Binti , Abu Samah Asma Binti , Abdul Razak Nur Athirah Binti , Ramasamy Agileswari , M. Suhaimi Fatanah , Chase J. Geoffrey
Published: December 2023

Respiratory dysfunction and failure are common in the intensive care unit (ICU); they are often the primary reasons for ICU admission and affect length of stay, mortality, and cost. However, diagnosing respiratory dysfunction requires arterial blood gas values to calculate the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) to a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) or P/F ratio. These intermittent blood gas values may be difficult to obtain in some patients or where financial resources are limited. Its varying etiologies and lack of other specific biomarkers make diagnosing difficult without this measurement. Thus, in this study, we investigate commonly available parameters in the ICU for the classification of respiratory dysfunction without arterial blood gas values using a Bayesian network, an unsupervised structural learning method. Clinical data from selected patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III v1.4 database is used to create and validate these models. Bayesian network generated using the taboo order algorithm showed a satisfying performance in the classification of respiratory dysfunction. Results are compared to standard diagnosis with P/F ratio. The predictor variables selected could stratify respiratory dysfunction with 80% accuracy and 94% sensitivity. Hence, without using arterial blood gas values, these parameters could identify respiratory dysfunction in 90% of cases using Bayesian networks.
Jaccard-based Random Distribution with Least and Most Significant Bit Hiding Methods for Highly Patients MRI Protected Privacy
Authors: Tayh Albderi Ali Jaber , Al-Shammary Dhiah , Said Lamjed Ben
Published: December 2023

In this study, the main goal is to improve patient care by making it easier for patient data and pictures to be sent between medical centers without problems. Still, one of the biggest problems with telemedicine is keeping patient information private and ensuring data is safe. This is especially important because even small changes to patient information could have serious consequences, such as wrong evaluations and lower-quality care. This study develops a new model that uses the unique Jaccard distribution of the least significant bit (LSB) and the most significant bit (MSB) to solve this complex problem. The goal of this model is to hide much information about a patient in the background of an MRI cover picture. The careful creation of this model is a crucial part of the current study, as it will ensure a solid way to hide information securely. A more advanced method is also suggested, which involves randomly putting private text in different places on the cover picture. This plan is meant to strengthen security steps and keep private patient information secret. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and the mean square error (MSE) all improved significantly when this method was tested in the real world. With these convincing results, the study shows telemedicine is more effective than traditional methods for keeping patient data safe. This proves that the model and method shown have the potential to greatly improve patient privacy and data accuracy in telemedicine systems, which would improve the general quality of health care.
PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIANDAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA MATERI ENERGI PANAS DAN BUNYI MELALUI METODE INKUIRIDI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 PAMIJEN
Authors: Triana Vina Novi
Published: December 2023

Penelitan tentang Peningkatan Kemandirian dan Prestasi Belajar IPA Materi Energi Panas dan Bunyi Melalui Pendekatan CTL menggunakan metode inkuiri telah dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 1 Pamijen pada bulan November sampai dengan bulan Januari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemandirian dan prestasi belajar IPA materi energi panas dan bunyi siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Pamijen Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, tindakan, pengematan, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukan skor kemandirian 42,13 dengan kriteria kemandirian tinggi dan rata-rata prestasi belajar sebesar 71,18 dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar 76,47% , sedangkan hasil penelitian pada siklus II menunjukan skor kemandirian sebesar 50,63 dengan kriteria kemandirian sangat tinggi dan ratarata prestasi belajar 83,82 dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 94,12%. Denganmelaksanakan pendekatan CTL dengan metode inkuiri mengunakan metode inkuiri di kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Pamijen ini peserta didik dapat meningkatkan kemandirian dan prestasi belajar IPA materi energi panas dan bunyi .
OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN ALAM DALAM PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Sigit Kuncoro
Published: December 2023

Keberpihakan peningkatan kualitas pendidikan kepada daerah pedesaan adalah menjadi keniscayaan. Salah satu alasannya adalah, data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang menyebutkanbahwa, dari total 28.594.600 orang yang berpredikat miskin di Indonesia, lebih dari 65 persennya (lebih dari 18 juta jiwa) berada di desa. Di sisi lain, lapangan pekerjaan yang paling banyak digeluti oleh penduduk Indonesia (lebih dari 40%), termasuk didalamnya penduduk di daerah jawa tengah, jawa timur dan jawa barat, adalah petani. Disisi lain, kualitas pendidikan di pedesaan masih rendah dan belum pernah melampaui pendidikan di perkotaan. Oleh karenanya dibutuhkan paradigma yang berbeda dengan pengembangan pendidikan di kota sekaligus strategi khusus agar pendidikan di desa memiliki cirri yang khas dan dapat bersaing dengan pendidikan di daerah perkotaan. Daerah pedesaan yang masih kaya akan sumber daya alam sejatinya menjadi kelebihan tersendiri untukdikelola menjadi sebuah potensi yang tidak dimiliki oleh daerah perkotaan. Lingkungan dan alam sekitar merupakan media sekaligus sumber belajar yang tidak pernah habis untuk terus digali dan dipelajari. Pembelajaran yang berorientasi langsung kealam dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa sekaligus dapat menurunkan biaya belanja sekolah yang biasanya habis untuk pengadaan media pembelajaran yang berbasis perangkat keras.
MODEL OUTDOOR STUDY DENGAN MEMBERDAYAKAN POTENSI KEBUN POLYBAG SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Rahmawati Sari
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Membuat kebun polybag sebagai media pembelajarantematik melalui model outdoor study di halaman sekolah dasar, 2) Mengimplementasikanpembelajaran tematik dengan media kebun polybag melalui model outdoor study, 3) Menganalisistingkat keefektifan dari implementasi pembelajaran tematik dengan media kebun polybag melaluimodel outdoor study. Pembelajaran tematik merupakan pembelajaran terpadu yang merupakansuatu sistem pembelajaran yang memungkinkan siswa, baik secara individual maupun kelompokaktif menggali dan menemukan konsep serta prinsip-prinsip keilmuan secara holistik, bermakna,dan autentik. Pemberdayaan kebun polybag adalah membudidayakan tanaman di mediapolybag di halaman sempit sekitar kita. Outdoor study dibatasi pada kegiatan siswa diluar kelas,mengetahui alat dan bahan untuk membuat media polybag, siswa diajari cara membuat mediapolybag, cara menanam sayuran, cara merawat, mengetahui perkembangan tanaman, mengenalibagian tumbuhan dan fungsinya sampai pada cara memanen tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakanmetode Research and development dalam pembelajaran adalah proses yang digunakan untukmengembangkan dan memvalidasi produk-produk yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februaru sampai Juni 2015. Subyek penelitian adalah siswakelas IV SDN Sukoharjo 01 Margorejo Pati. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi,angket, dokumentasi dan tes. Keberhasilan penelitian ini terlihat dari Pemberdayaan kebun polybagsebagai media pembelajaran dapat dibuat dengan baik yang terdiri dari berbagai sayuran tomat,cabe, brokoli, terung dan bayam. Hasil belajar awal siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikal 35,71%meningkat menjadi 71,43% dan akhir menjadi 92,86%. Dimana jumlah siswa yang awalnya ada 9siswa tidak tuntas menurun tinggal 1 siswa yang tidak tuntas80% dengan nilai rata-rata 74,6. Hasiltersebut membuktikan bahwa model pembelajaran outdoor study dengan memberdayakan potensikebun polybag sebagai media tematik sangat efektif.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI METODE DISKUSI BERBANTUAN MEDIA BAGAN PECAHAN DI KELAS III SDN KALISARI 1
Authors: Mulyati Sri
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas III semester 2 SD NegeriKalisari 1, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak tahun ajaran 2013/ 2014. Penelitian inidilaksanakan di kelas III semester II di SD Negeri Kalisari 1, Kecamatan Sayung, KabupatenDemak tahun pelajaran 2013/ 2014. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yaitu penelitiansiklus I dan penelitian siklus II. Siklus I dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Maret 2014, sedangkan siklusII dilaksanakan pada tanggal 17 Maret 2014. Dari data penelitian bahwa keberhasilan didasari dariperolehan nilai rata-rata kelas yang mencapai 77,5 dengan tingkat ketuntasan klasikan 93,3 %.Hal ini bila dibandingkan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata kelas dalam perbaikan pembelajaransiklus I atau pun nilai rata-rata kelas sebelum dilaksanakannya perbaikan pembelajaran mengalamipeningkatan yakni dari 55 meningkat menjadi 64 dan meningkat lagi menjadi 77,5 pada perbaikanpembelajaran siklus II. Adanya peningkatan perolehan nilai rata-rata kelas III SD Negeri Kalisari1 Kec. Sayung Kab. Demak setelah melakukan perbaikan pembelajaran membuktikan pula adanyapeningkatan penguasaan siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran. Dari 30 siswa 28 diantaranya telahmencapai nilai ketuntasan minimal, dengan nilai tertinggi 95, sedangkan nilai terendahnya adalah60, dengan rata- rata kelas 77,5. Dengan tercapainya nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 77,5 yang telahmelebihi KKM yaitu 69 pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Materi Penjumlahan bilangan bulat.
Annual Festivals and Potlatch-like Forms of Redistribution in Early Political Formations of Upper Guinea
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The article proposes a reconstruction of potlatch-like forms of redistribution in early political formations of Upper Guinea. Annual festivals (such as Aкanian Odwira and Dahomeyan Anun'gbome) are interpreted as peculiar inversions of gafol (poludye in Russian history) and potlatch-like institution. These multifunctional festivals and gafol were the major mechanisms of alienation and redistribution of the surplus product in the early political formations.
Social Evolution: Theoretical Aspects and General Outlines
Authors: Grinin Leonid , Korotayev Andrey
Published: December 2023

The present article is devoted to social evolution both as a part of macroevolution and as a specific process that have led humanity to outstanding successes and heights (while creating in the meantime serious crises and major problems). The article examines important theoretical aspects of social evolution within the framework of a more general approach, which we call evolutionary studies. The authors give a definition of social evolution, examine its most important mechanisms, compare it with biological evolution, introduce the concept of social aromorphosis, and analyse the concept of unilinear and multilinear evolution. We show that only by considering the evolution as multilinear one can identify the major trends and patterns of social evolution and evolution in general. The authors view social evolution both as changes in a relatively local and not so long-term perspective and as a larger process that we call social macroevolution. In our understanding, social macroevolution is a special dimension of social evolution that encompasses a series of the most important and milestone transformations that have led to the emergence and development of the World System (and, accordingly, a theory that focuses on their analysis). The genesis of the World System and a number of its further changes are the key elements of the social macro-evolutionary process. Moreover, the emergence of the World System was not only the most important result of the entire previous course of social evolution, but also became, in a certain sense, the threshold beyond which it is absolutely necessary to distinguish social macroevolution as a special supra-social part of social evolution (i.e., the part that no longer relates to the level of only individual society). The main trends of macroevolution, such as the irreversibility of evolution, its particular direction, variability, are expressed both in the systemic features and in the transformations of the World System. The article was prepared as a part of the research work of the state task of the RANEPA.
Revolutions in the Twenty-First Century.
Authors: Lawson George
Published: December 2023

Review of ‘Handbook of Revolutions in the 21st Century: The New Waves of Revolutions, and the Causes and Effects of Disrup-tive Political Change’. Edited by Jack A. Goldstone, Leonid Grinin, and Andrey Korotayev. Springer, 2022. ISBN 978-3-030-86467-5.This is a big book in more ways than one. In its 41 chapters, readers will find much to keep them occupied. The volume’s range is vast, covering several hundred years of history and an equally expan-sive geography, offering grand theorising alongside granular analysis, and providing insights ranging from the descriptive to the predictive. Within this panorama, I would highlight four general themes that strike me as particularly significant: first, the book’s focus on waves; second, its insistence on the back-and-forth between history and theo-ry; third, its global frame of reference; and fourth, its attentiveness to non-progressive revolutionary currents, most notably religious revolutionary forces.
КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЯ КРИТИЧНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ У РЕГІОНАХ НА ЗАСАДАХ СТАЛОГО ТА ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Гунько Сергій , Борисяк Олена , Кривокульська Наталія
Published: December 2023

The essence of сritical technologies in the context of environmental management in regions is defined. The relationship between the concepts of "sustainable development" and "inclusive development" and role of critical technologies development are conside
ІДЕЙНО-ЕСТЕТИЧНІ ПОШУКИ ОРЕСТА АВДИКОВИЧА В КОНТЕКСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПЕРЕДМОДЕРНІЗМУ
Authors: Лопушан Тетяна
Published: December 2023

Сhapter describes the innovatory character of the writer’s work, which is observer at the level of form mostly. It is emphasized that Orest Avdykovych’s fiction is dominated by the existentialist problems which are given original artistic and ideological
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА ДЕПОЗИТНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ БАНКІВ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ПОРЯДОК ПРОВЕДЕННЯ
Authors: Бугаєнко Оксана , Жолобецька Марина , Акименко Олена
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the generalization of approaches to conducting examinations and expert studies of deposit operations. One of the problems that can be traced from the results of the study of the dynamics of deposit operations is the distrust of c
Production Technology and Quality Assessment of Microcapsules of Lycopus europaeus L. Herb Dry Extract
Authors: Semkina O. A. , Beloshapkina O. M.
Published: December 2023

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. The high hygroscopicity and poor flowability of herbal extracts complicate the manufacturing of medicinal products based on these active substances. Microencapsulation of dry herbal extracts reduces their hygroscopicity, improves their flowability, and expands their applicability. Further development of medicinal products based on herbal extracts requires a comparative analysis of the relationships between the quality of microparticles and the selected microencapsulation method.

AIM. This study aimed to conduct a practical evaluation of a previously developed microcapsule production technology and to evaluate the quality of a microencapsulated dry extract of Lycopus europaeus L. herb.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study analysed a dry extract of Lycopus europaeus herb with a thyrostatic effect, which was microencapsulated by dispersion. A film-forming agent was used to form the microcapsule shells (gelatine, grade P-11). The microcapsules were characterised by the following pharmacopoeial quality parameters: particle size, moisture content, and flowability. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dry extract of Lycopus europaeus herb used thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.

RESULTS. The study identified the optimum ratios for Lycopus europaeus herb dry extract and excipients as well as the procedure for ingredient addition during the microencapsulation process. The resulting microcapsules were homogeneous particles with a diameter of 50–300 µm, a moisture content of 3.21±0.12%, and a good flow. The encapsulation efficiency of the dispersion method reached 95.0±1.3%. In contrast to non-encapsulated dry extract particles, the particles of microencapsulated Lycopus europaeus herb dry extract had a spherical shape, smooth surface, and improved technological properties.

CONCLUSIONS. The authors developed a microencapsulation technology for Lycopus europaeus herb dry extract. The study results confirmed the efficiency of the microencapsulation method in reducing the hygroscopicity of Lycopus europaeus herb dry extract, increasing its stability during storage, and optimising the further development of dosage forms.
Evaluation of energy and nutrient content of fruit juices and similar beverages in Türkiye and their investigation in terms of sustainability
Authors: ÖZENİR Çiler , KAÇAR Mihrican , BERK Gizem , KAYHAN Beyza
Published: December 2023

This study aims to evaluate the contents of fruit juices and similar beverages in the Turkish market and to examine them in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Within the scope of the study, the researchers examined the label information of 187 fruit juices and similar beverages from 26 different brands in four different product types. It was determined that all fruit nectars (100%) and almost all fruit and flavored beverages contain added sugar (92.8% for fruit beverages and 70.0% for flavored beverages). It was further detected that 17.5% of fruit nectars and 20.3% of fruit beverages contain sweeteners. Moreover, more than 100% of the daily sodium requirement is met by consuming 100 ml of fruit juice, nectar, or beverages. It was determined that orange and apple juices, apricot, peach, and cherry fruit nectars, and peach, sour cherry, and orange fruit beverages contain more sugar than freshly squeezed fruit juices (p<0.05). The high-fructose syrup manufacturing industry produces large volumes of waste liquid containing various waste carbohydrates, which has a significant environmental impact. Greenhouse gas emission sources are also released to the environment in sugar production processes. On the other hand, it was determined that most of the products examined were packaged in Tetra Pak® packaging. More sustainable product supply chains are those that optimize the use of materials, water, and energy throughout their lifecycle while minimizing waste from products and used packaging. In light of the data obtained from this study, it would be useful for the fruit juice industry to make regulations to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns in order to ensure a healthy and quality life at all ages.
Effect of molybdenum application in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under cold stress conditions
Authors: DERE Sultan
Published: December 2023

Cold stress (low temperature stress) is one of the abiotic stress factors. It causes many morphological and physiological problems in plants. One of the applications to eliminate and alleviate these negative effects is molybdenum application. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of molybdenum application on cold stress in commercial variety Mazamort pepper. In the experiment, control, 25 ppm molybdenum concentration, 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress applications were included. Pots of 2 L were used to grow the plants and the growing medium was a mixture of peat and perlite in a ratio of 2:1 by volume. Climatic chamber conditions were set to 24±1°C during the day and 18±1°C at night with 16/8 h light/dark photoperiodicity for control conditions and 24±1°C during the day and 5±1°C at night with photoperiodicity for cold stress conditions. The experiment was planned according to the random plots factorial design with 3 replications and 6 plants in each replicate. At the end of the study, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, plant fresh and dry weight, SPAD, wet basis moisture content, leaf proportional water content and ion leakage parameters were analysed. The highest plant height of Mazamort pepper variety was determined in 25 ppm molybdenum+72 hours cold stress application (44.51 cm). Application of 25 ppm molybdenum was effective in alleviating the negative effect of cold stress on plant stem diameter, plant fresh-dry weight and turgor potential. Moisture content wet basis was lowest in 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress application. SPAD value in pepper plants decreased under cold stress conditions. It was observed that 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective and the decrease increased under cold stress conditions. Ion leakage in Mazamort pepper variety was highest under 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress conditions. Under cold stress conditions, 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective. Molybdenum application under cold stress conditions was found to have positive effects on some parameters in general. In future studies, we believe that the application of different molybdenum concentrations and different cold stress periods will reveal the effects of molybdenum more clearly.
The insecticidal effects of different plant extracts on confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: GÜRAL Yunus , KARAMAN Erhan , BAYDOĞAN Gözde , ÖZGEN İnanç
Published: December 2023

This study was carried out to determine the insecticidal effects of different plant extracts on confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and time-varying LD50 and LD90 values. LD50 and LD90 of the formulations were determined by the probit analysis method. The studies were conducted under controlled conditions in a climate cabin and air conditioning room at 25 ± 2°C and 60% humidity 2019 to 2020 in Fırat University Bioengineering Department in Turkey. In this study, Grainpro AITC-ALPHA (Monoterpen, Allyisothiocyanate,Cocoate methyl esters), Grainpro AITC-GAMMA (Gamma terpene, Allyisothiocyanate, Cocoate methyl esters-Eugenol), Grainpro GAMMA-EUG (Gamma terpinene, Eugenol, Cocoate methyl esters), and Grainpro AITC-EUC (Eucalyptus oil, Allyisothiocyanate, Cocoate methyl esters) plant formulations were used in doses (In all doses, different µL drug doses prepared in 1 ml were mixed in 1 liter of water and applied by obtaining 0.2 µL, 0.4 µL, 0.6 µL, 0.8 µL, 1 µL doses for each formulation). The two upper and two lower doses of the most effective drug obtained were then tested and their effectiveness was determined. It was determined that the insecticidal efficacy of the pesticides increased as the pesticide dose increased and two lower and two upper doses of the most effective dose of 1 µL were subjected to efficacy trials. Among these formulations, 1 µL and 1.10 µL doses of Gainpro AITC-EUC formulation were the most effective on the pest.
Bajo nivel de instrucción asociado a la presencia de obesidad y sus comorbilidades metabólicas en adultos de Argentina
Authors: Staurini Stefano , Niclis Camila , Calcagni María Silvina , Ramírez Darío , Gómez-Mejíba Sandra Esther , Aballay Laura Rosana
Published: December 2023

La prevalencia de obesidad depende de factores biopsicosociales y ambientales, y es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades no transmisibles y transmisibles como COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y del estilo de vida y el desarrollo de obesidad y sus comorbilidades metabólicas (CM).

Estudio observacional-poblacional-transversal en 306 individuos >18 años de San Luis Argentina. Se indagaron edad, sexo, nivel de instrucción y socioeconómico (NI y NSE: bajo/medio/alto), nivel de actividad física (METs/día), ingesta energética (Cal/día), obesidad (IMC>30kg/m2) y auto-reporte de CM (diabetes, hipertensión arterial [HTA], dislipemias y cardiopatías). Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple incluyendo presencia de obesidad y CM como utcome, y características sociodemográficas y del estilo de vida como covariables. El 26,8% presentó al menos una enfermedad (17,3% obesidad, 3% diabetes, 11% HTA, 3,3% dislipidemia, 13% cardiopatía). Tener NI medio aumentó la chance de presentar cardiopatía, respecto al alto (OR 5,3;p=0,03). Un bajo NI se asoció con obesidad (OR 3,58;p=0,04), y sus CM (p<0,05). La chance de presentar diabetes aumentó un 17% al incrementarse el IMC (p=0,01). Las mujeres presentaron más chances de tener HTA (p=0,04) y cardiopatías (p=0,03).

El NI medio-bajo, la edad y ser mujer se asocian al desarrollo de CM.
Habilidades funcionales de niños, niñas y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral y su relación con el compromiso motor y la discapacidad intelectual en Argentina.
Authors: Ruiz Brunner Maria de las Mercedes , Escobar Zuluaga L. Johana , Sánchez E. Federico , Cieri M. Elisabeth , Condinanzi Ana Laura , Herrera Sterren Natalia , Zinni Ana Carolina , Barilla Marcelo Francisco , Cernadas Mailen Araceli , Cuestas Eduardo
Published: December 2023

Introducción: El compromiso motor caracteriza la parálisis cerebral (PC), y suele asociarse a la discapacidad intelectual (DI). Se han desarrollado sistemas de clasificación estandarizados para describir las funciones de personas con PC. Objetivo: caracterizar funcionalmente a niños, niñas y adolescentes de 0 a 18 años con PC de Argentina e indagar la asociación entre el compromiso motor (GMFCS), la DI y las clasificaciones funcionales. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se recolectaron datos a través de entrevistas a las familias y revisión de historias clínicas. Se incluyeron personas con PC. Los datos se recolectaron de 19 instituciones de distintas ciudades de Argentina. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó test de Fisher y odds ratio [IC95%], con significación <0,05. Resultados: participaron 182 niños, niñas y adolescentes con PC. Según clasificación GMFCS prevaleció el nivel V con 36,3%. Quienes presentan compromiso motor más severo (GMFCS IV-V), tienen 72 [25,4;206,0] veces y 13 [5,9;28,2] veces más chances de presentar un nivel severo de MACS y CFCS respectivamente. Pero, presentaron 34 [7,9;146,0] veces más chances de un nivel leve a moderado de EDACS. Quienes presentaron DI tuvieron 10 [5,1;20,5] veces más chances de presentar un nivel severo GMFCS, 6 [3,4;13,2] veces más chances un nivel severo MACS y 4 [2,0;7,8] veces más chances de un nivel severo CFCS. Por el contrario, tienen 4 [1,9;9,5] veces más chances de presentar un nivel leve-moderado EDACS. Conclusión: el nivel de GMFCS y la presencia de DI influyen en la funcionalidad general y aumentan la severidad en el compromiso, habilidades manuales y de comunicación.
Evidencia de mundo real sobre adecuación farmacológica en diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular
Authors: Pintos Carolina , Burgos Mariana Andrea , Pasik Natalia Inés , Piccioli Sofía , Grande Ratti María Florencia , Russo María Paula
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Estimar la proporción de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y Enfermedad Cardiovascular (ECV) establecida que reciben tratamiento farmacológico anti-diabético con evidencia de beneficio cardiovascular en un hospital en Argentina.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se incluyó una muestra consecutiva de pacientes adultos afiliados a prepaga institucional activos a Marzo 2020, con diagnóstico de DM2 y ECV establecida. Los datos se tomaron de la Historia Clínica Electrónica. Se informó la proporción de adecuación farmacológica (uso combinado de metformina más inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio glucosa tipo 2 y/o agonistas del Péptido Similar al Glucagón tipo 1) con su respectivo IC95%.
 
Resultados. Se incluyeron 1539 pacientes, con una media de edad 76,2 años, 65,3% eran de sexo masculino, 81,6% con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un  74,9% de los pacientes tenían registro de hemoglobina glicosilada en el último año, con un valor promedio de 6,9% (DE 1,2). Las drogas más prescritas fueron: metformina (61,3%), insulina (26,7%), y gliptinas (11%). Del total de pacientes incluidos, 82 presentaron adecuación fármaco-terapéutica antidiabética, con una prevalencia de 5,3% (IC95% 4,2-6,5).
Conclusiones. La prevalencia de prescripción de drogas antidiabéticas con evidencia de beneficio cardiovascular fue de 5,3% (IC95% 4,2-6,5). Esta información extraída de evidencia del mundo real identifica la baja frecuencia de prescripción  de este tipo de fármacos al momento del estudio  en una población de alto riesgo cardiovascular.
Endometrial hyperplasia and microsatellite instability: possibilities for predicting tumor transformation of the endometrium
Authors:   South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Kazachkov E.L. , Kazachkova E.A. ,   South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Voropaeva E.E. ,   South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Zatvornitskaya A.V. ,   South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Microsatellite instability leads to the appearance of neoantigens, which play a key role in oncogenesis. Given the contribution of microsatellite instability to the development of oncopathology, it seems relevant to define microsatellite instability as a marker of malignant transformation in endometrial hyperplasia, which is recognized as a precancerous process. The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting the risk of malignant transformation of the endometrium in its hyperplasia based on the tumor microsatellite instability. Materials and methods. We performed a two-stage non-randomized retrospective study using histological, immunohistochemical, and statistical methods. In stage 1, a comparative analysis of the structural features of microsatellite instability in endometrial hyperplasia and the development of a model were performed to determine the risk of tumor transformation. In stage 2, we validated the developed model for the prediction of malignant transformation of endometrial hyperplasia. Results. Samples of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia are characterized by a significantly lower expression of MLH1, PMS2, and MSH6 in relation to normal endometrial samples. The expression of these genes was at a significantly higher level in endometrial samples collected from endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The data on the patients’ age and the average area of immunopositive structures in relation to MMR antigens (i.e., MSH6 and MLH1) formed the basis for the development of a model for calculating the risk of oncogenic transformation. The sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 92.3%, respectively. Conclusion.The developed model of oncogenic transformation risk can be used to determine the management options of patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Keywords: microsatellite instability, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial adenocarcinoma
Morphological analysis of Wallerian degeneration in the rat sciatic nerve following mechanical damage
Authors:   Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Petrova E.S. , Kolos E.A. ,   Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Peripheral nerve injury is an important social problem. Fundamental research on mechanisms regulating degenerative and reparative processes that occur in the nerve following injury is necessary to find new ways of improving nerve regeneration. The purpose was to study the structural changes in the distal segment of the rat sciatic nerve at early stages following injury (ligature) using immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. Materials and methods. The rat sciatic nerve was subjected to mechanical trauma through ligation for a duration of 40 seconds. After days 7, 21, and 60, we analyzed changes in the nerve fibers using immunohistochemical reactions for alpha-tubulin and Luxol Fast Blue stains for myelin. Antibodies to tight junction protein claudin-1 were used to study perineurial cells. We identified Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) and macrophages with the reaction for GFAP and the Iba-1 protein IHC reaction, respectively. Results. After 7 days, we observed degeneration of most nerve fibers, disintegration of myelin sheaths, disruption of the blood-neural barrier, migration of hematogenous macrophages, and dedifferentiation of Schwann cells in the endoneurium of the rat sciatic nerve distal segment. However, after day 21, the growth of nerve fibers from the proximal segment of the nerve and their remyelination were observed. The density of nerve fibers reached its highest value 60 days after the injury. Conclusion. We evaluated the relationship between the degree of myelin breakdown and the number of Iba-1+ macrophages, detected changes in the perineurium in the distal segment of the nerve, and identified dedifferentiated mitotically dividing Schwann cells. Keywords: Wallerian degeneration, damaged rat nerve, Luxol Fast Blue, claudin-1, Iba-1 protein, GFAP, immunohistochemistry
Effects of low doses of endocrine disruptor DDT on early postnatal spleen development in rats
Authors:   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Gagulaeva B.B. , Yaglova N.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Obernikhin S.S. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Timokhina E.P. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Yaglov V.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Exposure of a developing body to endocrine disrupting chemicals is considered to be a risk factor for organ disorders. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is known as one of the most wide-spread endocrine disruptors, the exposure to which begins in the prenatal period because of its ability to penetrate the placental barrier. The effects of low-dose DDT exposure on the immune system development are poorly studied, so we aimed to evaluate spleen development in the early postnatal period in rats exposed to DDT. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 2 groups of rats. The control one included 16 7-day-old male Wistar rats, whereas the experimental group consisted of 14 offspring of females that consumed a solution of o,p-DDT (20 μg/l) during pregnancy and lactation. We evaluated anatomical and histomorphometric parameters of spleen development and counted B- and T-lymphocytes with flow cytometry. Results. The DDT exposure did not influence the weight of the spleen. The white pulp had periarterial lymphoid sheaths, which were larger in size and had a less dense arrangement of cells. The marginal zone was found in a larger number of lymphoid sheaths and was of a greater area. However, the number of cells in 1 mm2 was lower and we detected no granulocytes. In the red pulp, the number of cells in 1 mm2 (including megakaryocytes) did not differ from the values of the control group, but the content of granulocytes was higher. We observed a reduced number of differentiated B- and T-cells. Conclusion. The spleens of the experimental rats were characterized by a faster formation of the white pulp and slower rates of terminal lymphocyte differentiation and neutrophil migration into the spleen. Keywords: spleen, histogenesis, endocrine disruptor, DDT, lymphocytes
Kanserden Kurtulanların Karşılanmayan İhtiyaçları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Erdoğan Yüce Gülyeter , Muz Gamze , Döner Ayser
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkçeye uyarlanmış Kanserden Kurtulanların Karşılanmayan İhtiyaçları Ölçeği'nin (Tr-CaSUN) psikometrik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik tasarıma sahip bu çalışma bir üniversite hastanesinin onkoloji merkezinde ayaktan takip edilen 350 kanserden sağ kalan birey ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Aralık 2020 ve Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. CaSUN'un kültürler arası adaptasyonu için ileri çeviri, sentez, geri çeviri ve uzman değerlendirmesini içeren bir prosedür izlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA), ölçüt geçerliği Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği ve Avrupa Kanser Araştırma ve Tedavi Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği, güvenirliği ise, iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ölçeğin kapsam geçerlik indeksi 0.96 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçek uyarlanırken daha güçlü bir yapı elde etmek ve uyumu iyileştirmek için bazı maddeler çıkarılmıştır. AFA ile beş faktör ve 21 maddeden oluşan ve varyansın %78.5'ini açıklayan bir model elde edilmiştir. DFA ile modelin iyi bir uyuma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin geneli için Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.93 ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği korelasyon katsayıları 0.73 ile 0.93 arasında bulunmuştur. Ölçek, anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi ölçekleri ile orta düzeyde ve anlamlı korelasyon göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Tr-CaSUN'un, kanserden sağ kalanların karşılanmamış ihtiyaçlarını değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin COVID-19 Pandemisinde Yaşadıkları Korku ile Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu İlknur , Can Gülbeyaz
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan bu çalışma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yaşadıkları korku ile hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma bir Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu’nda 2020-2021 öğretim yılında öğrenim gören birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri olmak üzere toplam 324 öğrencinin gönüllü katılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Gönüllü olan öğrencilerden onam alındıktan sonra öğrencilere Öğrenci Tanılama Formu, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği çevrimiçi ortamda uygulandı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde tanımlayıcı testler, Kolmogorov Smirnov testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis-H testi ve Spearman’s Rho Korelasyon testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin tanıtıcı özellikleri incelendiğinde; çoğunun kadın (%77.8), bekar (%98.1), ailesiyle birlikte yaşadığı (%75.9) ve hemşirelik mesleğini isteyerek seçtiği (%86.1) belirlendi. Öğrencilerin COVID-19 pandemisine ilişkin korku düzeyi incelendiğinde kadın, çalışmayan, mesleğini isteyerek seçmemiş ve COVID-19 pozitif tanısı konan öğrencilerin korku düzeyinin diğer öğrencilere kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu; hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik tutumları incelendiğinde ise genel olarak olumlu tutuma sahip oldukları saptandı. COVID-19 korkusunun mesleki tutum ile ilişkisi incelendiğinde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin COVID-19 pandemisine ilişkin orta düzeyde korku yaşadığı ve hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu saptandı.
The histological and hormonal changes that occur on reproductive system and pregnancy in adult albino mice after treatment of tramadol
Authors: Noor Noori Abid AL-Shemary
Published: December 2023

Tramadol is a centrally active synthetic opioid analgesic that is used extensively. The present research conducted to outline the histological changes on reproductive system ( ovaries and uterus of females and testis of male) and hormonal status of mature albino mice . Fourty mice (male and female) weighing approximately 25-30g were used in the present study. Animals were divided into two groups control male and females (n=20) and tramadol treatment male and female group (n=20). Applied tramadol doses 25mg /Kg/day were daily injected intramuscular for 60 days. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their ovary, uterus and testis were incised and fixed in 10% formalin for histological investigation .The blood sample were collected for measure hormonal levels (sex hormones) of both sex. The results of males hormones levels showing highly significant reduce in the level of testosterone and highly significant increase in the level of prolactin hormone while (FSH and LH) showed significant decrease as compared with control group. The result of female hormones levels showed a highly significant reduce in the level of Estradiol and significant decrease in the level of (FSH and LH) hormones as compared with control group. The histological section of ovary showing damage of growing follicles, increase cellularity of stroma, cystic follicle degeneration. There were hypertrophied endometrium glands , atrophic endometrium lining of uterus, testis possessed disorganization of the seminiferous tubules with inflammatory cells, degenerative change in germ cell with vacuolated epithelium.
Assessment of Water Quality of Tigris River at El- Kut Dam, Iraq
Authors: Sadik Hameed
Published: December 2023

The Tigris River in Iraq has fundamental roles in local society as a source of water for recreation; domestic use; irrigation; as well as receives of agricultural and municipals wastewater. The Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCME) Water quality Index (WQI) used for rating of water quality in Tigris River before and after El-Kut Dam indicates that the quality of water is in between marginal and fair water rank. The quality parameters determined for sources of the area showed that the water of Tigris River at all the sites was quite within the acceptable range and shows that the overall quality of water is suitable and safe for domestic and irrigation purposes. The water quality index is potentially useful as a decision tool in environmental planning and decision-making activities related to water resource protection, improvement and utilization towards a sustainable water resource management in the province of Wasit.
Approximate Solution of Linear Volterra Integro-Differential Equation by Touchard Polynomials Method
Authors: Jalil Talib Abudl Allah  , Halimah Siwidan Ali  , Walidah Siwidan Ali
Published: December 2023

The idea of this research is to find approximate solution of Linear Volterra Integro-Differential Equation (LVIDE) of the first order and second kind by using different degrees of the Touchard polynomials is presented. Because the simplicity definition applying this method will give high resolution results in low cost and short time, also can be easily differentiated, integrated and converge to an exact solution.The algorithm and example given are to illustrate the solution in this way and compare it with the exact solution.
Study the physical properties of drinking water in the city of Kut
Authors: Farqad Faisal Idan  , Ahmed Abed Anber  , Yasir khalaf Mohammad  , Muhommed Gomaa Taame
Published: December 2023

In this work, the study was studied: drinking water and salts, (electrical and turbidity). The quality of drinking water withdrawn from the distribution networks of drinking water was examined in several areas of Kut city: (ALHORA, ALKHFAAT, ALKHACHIA, AlZAHRAA, DHAMUK, ALMASHROW, ALSHARQIA, ANWAR ALSADR, TAMWZ and ALJAMEA DSTRICT), and the Locations were selected for sampling, from December 2015 to April 2016. The results of the study showed that it exceeded most of the studied values of the global and Iraqi standard determinants.
Detection of Visceral leishmaniosis by RT-PCR technique in Wasit Province of Iraq.
Authors: Zahraa Ali Faieq
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted in an advisory Pediatric in Al Zahra Hospital and Al-Karamah Teaching Hospitals in the city of Kut. This study included determining the extent of Kala-azar disease in the Wasit Province using Real-time PCR reaction in the present study. We collected 70 samples of suspected cases infected by visceral leishmaniasis. The results were 50/70 [71%] were positive and 20/70 [29%] negative in real-time PCR reaction test. The most age that have ability to infect with donovani was under one year.