bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An airborne perfluorocarbon tracer system and its first application for a Lagrangian experiment
Authors: Ren Y. , Baumann R. , Schlager H.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A perfluorocarbon tracer system (PERTRAS), specifically designed for Lagrangian aircraft experiments, has been developed by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center, DLR). It consists of three main parts: a tracer release unit (RU), an adsorption tube sampler (ATS), and a tracer analytical system. The RU was designed for airborne tracer release experiments; meanwhile, it can be used on various platforms for different experimental purposes (here research vessel). PERTRAS was for the first time applied in the field campaign Stratospheric ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere (SHIVA) in November 2011. An amount of 8.8 kg perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PMCP) was released aboard the research vessel Sonne (RV Sonne) near the operational site of this campaign, Miri, Malaysia, on 21 November. The tracer samples collected using the ATS onboard the DLR research aircraft Falcon were analyzed in the laboratory using a thermal desorber–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS) system. Guided by forecasts calculated with the Lagrangian model Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), 64 tracer samples were collected onboard the Falcon approximately 5 and 25 h after the release, mostly with a time resolution of 1 min. Enhanced PMCP concentrations relative to ambient PMCP background values (mean: 6.62 fmol mol−1) were detected during three intersects of the fresh tracer plume (age 5 h), with a maximum value of 301.33 fmol mol−1. This indicates that the fresh tracer plume was successfully intercepted at the forecast position. During the second flight, 25 h after the release, the center of tracer plume was not detected by the sampling system due to a faster advection of the plume than forecast. The newly developed PERTRAS system has been successfully deployed for the first time. The instrumental setup and comparisons between the measurements and HYSPLIT simulations are presented in this study.
Retrieval of three-dimensional small-scale structures in upper-tropospheric/lower-stratospheric composition as measured by GLORIA
Authors: Kaufmann M. , Blank J. , Guggenmoser T. , Ungermann J. , Engel A. , Ern M. , Friedl-Vallon F. , Gerber D. , Grooß J. U. , Guenther G. , Höpfner M. , Kleinert A. , Kretschmer E. , Latzko Th. , Maucher G. , Neubert T. , Nordmeyer H. , Oelhaf H. , Olschewski F. , Orphal J. , Preusse P. , Schlager H. , Schneider H. , Schuettemeyer D. , Stroh F. , Suminska-Ebersoldt O. , Vogel B. , M. Volk C. , Woiwode W. , Riese M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The three-dimensional quantification of small-scale processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is one of the challenges of current atmospheric research and requires the development of new measurement strategies. This work presents the first results from the newly developed Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) obtained during the ESSenCe (ESa Sounder Campaign) and TACTS/ESMVal (TACTS: Transport and composition in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere, ESMVal: Earth System Model Validation) aircraft campaigns. The focus of this work is on the so-called dynamics-mode data characterized by a medium-spectral and a very-high-spatial resolution. The retrieval strategy for the derivation of two- and three-dimensional constituent fields in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is presented. Uncertainties of the main retrieval targets (temperature, O3, HNO3, and CFC-12) and their spatial resolution are discussed. During ESSenCe, high-resolution two-dimensional cross-sections have been obtained. Comparisons to collocated remote-sensing and in situ data indicate a good agreement between the data sets. During TACTS/ESMVal, a tomographic flight pattern to sense an intrusion of stratospheric air deep into the troposphere was performed. It was possible to reconstruct this filament at an unprecedented spatial resolution of better than 500 m vertically and 20 × 20 km horizontally.
An evaluation of COSMIC radio occultation data in the lower atmosphere over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Hande L. B. , Siems S. T. , Manton M. J. , Lenschow D. H.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) method is a relatively new technique for taking atmospheric measurements for use in both weather and climate studies. As such, this technique needs to be evaluated for all parts of the globe. Here, we present an extensive evaluation of the performance of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) GPS RO observations of the Southern Ocean boundary layer. The two COSMIC products used here are the "wetPrf" product, which is based on 1-D variational analysis with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the "atmPrf" product, which contains the raw measurements from COSMIC. A direct comparison of temporally and spatially co-located COSMIC profiles and high resolution radiosonde profiles from Macquarie Island (54.62° S, 158.85° E) highlights weaknesses in the ability of both COSMIC products to identify the boundary layer structure, as identified by break points in the refractivity profile. In terms of reproducing the temperature and moisture profile in the lowest 2.5 km, the "wetPrf" COSMIC product does not perform as well as an analysis product from the ECMWF. A further statistical analysis is performed on a large number of COSMIC profiles in a region surrounding Macquarie Island. This indicates that, statistically, COSMIC performs well at capturing the heights of main and secondary break points. However, the frequency of break points detected is lower than the radiosonde profiles suggest, but this could be simply due to the long horizontal averaging in the COSMIC measurements. There is also a weak seasonal cycle in the boundary layer height similar to that observed in the radiosonde data, providing some confidence in the ability of COSMIC to detect an important boundary layer variable.
CO2 fluxes and ecosystem dynamics at five European treeless peatlands – merging data and process oriented modeling
Authors: Metzger C. , Jansson P.-E. , Lohila A. , Aurela M. , Eickenscheidt T. , Belelli-Marchesini L. , Dinsmore K. J. , Drewer J. , van Huissteden J. , Drösler M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange of five different peatland systems across Europe with a wide gradient in land use intensity, water table depth, soil fertility and climate was simulated with the process oriented CoupModel. The aim of the study was to find out whether CO2 fluxes, measured at different sites, can be explained by common processes and parameters or to what extend a site specific configuration is needed. The model was calibrated to fit measured CO2 fluxes, soil temperature, snow depth and leaf area index (LAI) and resulting differences in model parameters were analyzed. Finding site independent model parameters would mean that differences in the measured fluxes could be explained solely by model input data: water table, meteorological data, management and soil inventory data. Seasonal variability in the major fluxes was well captured, when a site independent configuration was utilized for most of the parameters. Parameters that differed between sites included the rate of soil organic decomposition, photosynthetic efficiency, and regulation of the mobile carbon (C) pool from senescence to shooting in the next year. The largest difference between sites was the rate coefficient for heterotrophic respiration. Setting it to a common value would lead to underestimation of mean total respiration by a factor of 2.8 up to an overestimation by a factor of 4. Despite testing a wide range of different responses to soil water and temperature, rate coefficients for heterotrophic respiration were consistently the lowest on formerly drained sites and the highest on the managed sites. Substrate decomposability, pH and vegetation characteristics are possible explanations for the differences in decomposition rates. Specific parameter values for the timing of plant shooting and senescence, the photosynthesis response to temperature, litter fall and plant respiration rates, leaf morphology and allocation fractions of new assimilates, were not needed, even though the gradient in site latitude ranged from 48° N (southern Germany) to 68° N (northern Finland) differed largely in their vegetation. This was also true for common parameters defining the moisture and temperature response for decomposition, leading to the conclusion that a site specific interpretation of these processes is not necessary. In contrast, the rate of soil organic decomposition, photosynthetic efficiency, and the regulation of the mobile carbon pool need to be estimated from available information on specific soil conditions, vegetation and management of the ecosystems, to be able to describe CO2 fluxes under different conditions.
Deploying four optical UAV-based sensors over grassland: challenges and limitations
Authors: von Bueren S. K. , Burkart A. , Hueni A. , Rascher U. , Tuohy M. P. , Yule I. J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with lightweight spectral sensors facilitate non-destructive, near-real-time vegetation analysis. In order to guarantee robust scientific analysis, data acquisition protocols and processing methodologies need to be developed and new sensors must be compared with state-of-the-art instruments. Four different types of optical UAV-based sensors (RGB camera, converted near-infrared camera, six-band multispectral camera and high spectral resolution spectrometer) were deployed and compared in order to evaluate their applicability for vegetation monitoring with a focus on precision agricultural applications. Data were collected in New Zealand over ryegrass pastures of various conditions and compared to ground spectral measurements. The UAV STS spectrometer and the multispectral camera MCA6 (Multiple Camera Array) were found to deliver spectral data that can match the spectral measurements of an ASD at ground level when compared over all waypoints (UAV STS: R2=0.98; MCA6: R2=0.92). Variability was highest in the near-infrared bands for both sensors while the band multispectral camera also overestimated the green peak reflectance. Reflectance factors derived from the RGB (R2=0.63) and converted near-infrared (R2=0.65) cameras resulted in lower accordance with reference measurements. The UAV spectrometer system is capable of providing narrow-band information for crop and pasture management. The six-band multispectral camera has the potential to be deployed to target specific broad wavebands if shortcomings in radiometric limitations can be addressed. Large-scale imaging of pasture variability can be achieved by either using a true colour or a modified near-infrared camera. Data quality from UAV-based sensors can only be assured, if field protocols are followed and environmental conditions allow for stable platform behaviour and illumination.
Impacts of soil moisture on de novo monoterpene emissions from European beech, Holm oak, Scots pine, and Norway spruce
Authors: Wu C. , Pullinen I. , Andres S. , Carriero G. , Fares S. , Goldbach H. , Hacker L. , Kasal T. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Kleist E. , Paoletti E. , Wahner A. , Wildt J. , Mentel Th. F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Impacts of soil moisture on de novo monoterpene (MT) emissions from Holm oak, European beech, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were studied in laboratory experiments. The volumetric water content of the soil, Θ, was used as the reference quantity to parameterize the dependency of MT emissions on soil moisture and to characterize the severity of the drought. When Θ dropped from 0.4 m3 × m−3 to ~0.2 m3 × m−3 slight increases of de novo MT emissions were observed but with further progressing drought the emissions decreased to almost zero. In most cases the increases of MT emissions observed under conditions of mild drought were explainable by increases of leaf temperature due to lowered transpirational cooling. When Θ fell below certain thresholds, MT emissions decreased simultaneously with Θ and the relationship between Θ and MT emissions was approximately linear. The thresholds of Θ (0.044–0.19 m3 × m−3) were determined, as well as other parameters required to describe the soil moisture dependence of de novo MT emissions for application in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, MEGAN. A factorial approach was found appropriate to describe the impacts of Θ, temperature, and light. Temperature and Θ influenced the emissions largely independently from each other, and, in a similar manner, light intensity and Θ acted independently on de novo MT emissions. The use of Θ as the reference quantity in a factorial approach was tenable in predicting constitutive de novo MT emissions when Θ changed on a time scale of days. Empirical parameterization with Θ as a reference was only unsuccessful when soil moisture changed rapidly
Impact of rockfalls on protection measures: an experimental approach
Authors: Yuan J. , Li Y. , Huang R. , Pei X.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The determination of rockfall impact force is crucial in designing the protection measures. In the present study, laboratory tests are carried out by taking the weight and shape of the falling rock fragments, drop height, incident angle, platform on the slideway and cushion layer on the protection measures as factors to investigate their influences on the impact force. The test results indicate that the impact force is positively exponential to the weight of rockfall and the instantaneous impact velocity of the rockfall approaching the protection measures. The impact velocity is found to be dominated not only by the drop height but also by the shape of rockfall as well as the length of the platform on the slideway. A great drop height and/or a short platform produce a fast impact velocity. Spherical rockfalls experience a reater impact velocity than cubic and cylindrical ones. A layer of cushion on the protection measures may reduce the impact force to a greater extent. The reduction effects are dominated by the cushion material and the thickness of the cushion layer. The thicker the cushion layer, the greater the reduction effect and the less the impact force. The stiffer the buffer material, the less the buffering effect and the greater the impact force. The present study indicates that the current standard in China for designing protection measures may overestimate the impact force by taking no consideration for the rockfall shape, platform and cushion layer.
Is coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea related to seawater carbonate chemistry?
Authors: Oviedo A. , Ziveri P. , Álvarez M. , Tanhua T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is considered a "hot spot" for climate change, being characterized by oligotrophic to ultra-oligotrophic waters and rapidly increasing seasurface temperature and changing carbonate chemistry. Coccolithophores are considered a dominant phytoplankton group in these waters. As marine calcifying organisms they are expected to respond to the ongoing changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. We provide here a description of the springtime coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea and relate this to a broad set of in situ-measured environmental variables. Samples were taken during the R/V Meteor (M84/3) oceanographic cruise in April 2011, between 0 and 100 m water depth from 28 stations. Total diatom and silicoflagellate cell concentrations are also presented. Our results highlight the importance of seawater carbonate chemistry, especially [CO32−] but also [PO43−] in unraveling the distribution of heterococcolithophores, the most abundant coccolithophore life phase. Holo- and heterococcolithophores respond differently to environmental factors. For instance, changes in heterococcolithophore assemblages were best linked to the combination of [CO32−], pH, and salinity (ρ = 0.57), although salinity might be not functionally related to coccolithophore assemblage distribution. Holococcolithophores, on the other hand, showed higher abundances and species diversity in oligotrophic areas (best fit, ρ = 0.32 for nutrients), thriving in nutrient-depleted waters. Clustering of heterococcolithophores revealed three groups of species sharing more than 65% similarities. These clusters could be assigned to the eastern and western basins and deeper layers (below 50 m), respectively. In addition, the species Gephyrocapsa oceanica, G. muellerae, and Emiliania huxleyi morphotype B/C are spatially distributed together and trace the influx of Atlantic waters into the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the present work emphasize the importance of considering holo- and heterococcolithophores separately when analyzing changes in species assemblages and diversity. Our findings suggest that coccolithophores are a main phytoplankton group in the entire Mediterranean Sea and can dominate over siliceous phytoplankton. They have life stages that are expected to respond differently to the variability in seawater carbonate chemistry and nutrient concentrations.
Modelling of underwater light fields in turbid and eutrophic waters: application and validation with experimental data
Authors: Sundarabalan B. , Shanmugam P.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A reliable radiative transfer (RT) model is an essential and indispensable tool for understanding the radiative transfer processes in homogenous and layered waters, analyzing measurements made by radiance sensors and developing remote-sensing algorithms to derive meaningful physical quantities and biogeochemical variables in turbid and productive coastal waters. Existing radiative transfer models have been designed to be applicable to either homogenous waters or inhomogeneous waters. To overcome such constraints associated with these models, this study presents a radiative transfer model that treats a homogenous layer as a diffuse part and an inhomogeneous layer as a direct part in the water column and combines these two parts appropriately in order to generate more reliable underwater light-field data such as upwelling radiance (Lu), downwelling irradiance (Ed) and upwelling irradiance (Eu). The diffuse model assumes the inherent optical properties (IOPs) to be vertically continuous and the light fields to exponentially decrease with depth, whereas the direct part considers the water column to be vertically inhomogeneous (layer-by-layer phenomena) with the vertically varying phase function. The surface and bottom boundary conditions, source function due to chlorophyll and solar incident geometry are also included in the present RT model. The performance of this model is assessed in a variety of waters (clear, turbid and eutrophic) using the measured radiometric data. The present model shows an advantage in terms of producing accurate Lu, Ed and Eu profiles (in spatial domain) in different waters determined by both homogenous and inhomogeneous conditions. The feasibility of predicting these underwater light fields based on the remotely estimated IOP data is also examined using the present RT model. For this application, vertical profiles of the water constituents and IOPs are estimated by empirical models based on our in situ data. The present RT model generates Lu, Ed and Eu spectra closely consistent with the measured data. These results lead to a conclusion that the present RT model is a viable alternative to existing RT models and has an important implication for remote sensing of optically complex waters.
Cultural Worldviews and Contentious Politics:
Authors: Wagner Michael W. , Wells Chris , Friedland Lewis A. , Cramer Katherine J. , Shah Dhavan V.
Published: January 2015

Discussions about whether citizens can learn and use the information necessary to contribute to democratic governance often focus on debates about heuristics. We argue that the debate over whether heuristics should be used misframes a central issue—the consideration of what forms of decision-making are most likely to operate in different kinds of communication environments. This article examines how people make decisions in contentious political climates, which are characterized by high-information volume, relatively strong partisan commitment, and an affective divide between the opposing camps. Our contribution takes account of the possibility that in contentious environments, political communication offers neither reasoned deliberation nor cues, but rather solidarity signals that engage people's cultural worldviews. We also posit that the use of cultural worldviews for liberals and conservatives is asymmetrical—raising important questions about democracy in a society in which a variety of worldviews have different weights for various individuals and publics. To test our perspective, we analyze public opinion data collected during the time surrounding the recall election of Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin.
Beyond Endorsements and Partisan Cues:
Authors: Gastil John
Published: January 2015

Voters often rely on cognitive shortcuts and partisan cues under low-information conditions. But it would be preferable for voters to adopt deliberative cues so that their low-information vote at least follows the judgements of similar high-information voters. One such deliberative cue is the Oregon Citizens Initiative Review, where citizen panels exhaustively review policy initiatives and report their findings for voters. When exposed to documents produced by the panels, readers become more informed voters and can use their new knowledge to make independent voting choices, rather than relying on judgmental shortcuts and voting cues.
The Life You Save May Not Be Your Own
Authors: kelly Jamie Terence
Published: January 2015

This paper points out an ambiguity in Cass Sunstein's recent work concerning whose lives and interests are to be promoted by libertarian paternalism, and argues that this ambiguity stems from a lack of clarity regarding how we should understand the relevance of the heuristics and biases literature for democratic theory. The paper attempts to extract from Sunstein's work an account of how we should go about identifying biases in social choices. It argues that Sunstein's view on this issue has changed over the years, and identifies a trend in his thinking moving away from libertarian paternalism and toward libertarian welfarism.
EFICIENCIA DE LA PROTECCIÓN CONTRA INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN MONTE ALEGRE, BRASIL Y PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA
Authors: Rodríguez Marcos Pedro Ramos , Soares Ronaldo Viana , Batista Antonio Carlos , Tetto Alexandre França , Reina Jesús María Cabrera , Becerra Luis Wilfredo Martínez
Published: January 2015

ResumenPara perfeccionar el sistema de protección contra incendios forestales es importante tener informaciones sobre su eficiencia. Este trabajo fue desarrollado con el objetivo de comparar la eficiencia del sistema de protección contra incendios forestales en la Fazenda Monte Alegre, estado del Paraná, sur de Brasil y en las Empresas Forestales de la Provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. Los datos utilizados se refieren al período 01/01/2001 - 31/12/2010. Para evaluar la eficiencia fueron utilizados indicadores tales como: densidad de incendios, densidad de área quemada, áreas quemadas medias por incendios, porcentaje del área forestal quemada y tamaño de los incendios. Los indicadores fueron estimados considerando la distribución temporal y espacial de los incendios. De forma general los valores medios obtenidos para los indicadores muestran mejor eficiencia en Monte Alegre. En ambas regiones la eficiencia fue menor durante los meses correspondientes a la época de incendios. En Monte Alegre la eficiencia fue similar en bosques naturales y en plantaciones, mientras que en Pinar del Río es menor en los bosques naturales. La eficiencia obtenida para el sistema de protección contra incendios tanto en Monte Alegre como en Pinar del Río, es menor en el grupo de especies de los Pinus spp.Palabras-clave:   Prevención; combate; densidad de incendios; densidad de área quemada; clases de tamaño. AbstractForest fire protection efficiency in Monte Alegre, Brazil and Pinar del Río, Cuba. It’s important to have information about the efficiency of the forest fire protection system to take decisions that will improve the protection against wildfires. The objective of this work was to compare the efficiency of the forest fire protection system in the Monte Alegre Forest District, State of Parana, south of Brazil and the Forest Companies of Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. A ten year period (01/01/2001 to 31/12/2010) was considered. For the efficiency evaluation, we used the following indicators: forest fires density, burned area density, burned area average by fire, burned surface percentage, and fire size class. These indicators have been considered observing temporary and spatial distribution of forest fire. After analyzing all the indicators, results revealed a higher efficiency regarding fire control in the Monte Alegre fire protection system. In both regions, the efficiency was lower in the fire season. In Monte Alegre, the efficiency was similar in natural forests and plantations. However, in Pinar del Río, the efficiency was lower in natural forests. The efficiency of forest fire protection system in Monte Alegre and Pinar del Río was lower in the Pinus spp plantations.Keywords: Forest fires; prevention; suppression; fire size; forest protection.
ESTUDO DE TEMPO E MOVIMENTO NA ETAPA DE SELEÇÃO DE MUDAS EM UM VIVEIRO FLORESTAL
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana De Lima , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro , Isbaex Crismeire , Guimarães Pompeu Paes , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi , Quartucci Felipe
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a viabilidade da melhoria das condições de trabalho em um viveiro florestal adotando um ambiente protegido. A pesquisa focaliza o processo de seleção de mudas pelo estudo de tempo e movimento. Uma análise de viabilidade econômica utilizando os indicadores VPL e TIR foi realizada, levando em conta os tempos perdidos no processo e o custo de implantação de um galpão de seleção. O estudo de tempo mostrou que se essas atividades forem realizadas em um ambiente coberto, protegido e adequado, sem interferência de intempéries, proporcionará melhoria das condições de trabalho e aperfeiçoará o rendimento da produção. A análise de viabilidade econômica mostrou que, com base nos ganhos de rendimento calculados, o investimento total na construção do galpão é totalmente viável e o retorno financeiro do investimento acontecerá em dois anos, com um VPL de R$ 119.150,27, uma TIR de 14,5% e uma taxa de 8% ao ano. A construção do galpão possibilitará um ambiente de trabalho mais confortável para o trabalhador, economizando tempo das seleções de mudas e redução de custos da produção.Palavra-chave: Melhoria ergonômica; análise econômica; processo produtivo. AbstractTime and movement study in forest nursery. The objective of this research was to analyze the improvement of work conditions in a forest nursery by adopting a protected environment. The research focuses on the process of seedlings selections by the study of time and movement. It performed an economic viability assessment utilizing the indicators NPV and IRR, and considering the downtime in the process and costs of implementing a selection warehouse. The time and movement study showed that, if these activities were performed in a covered, protected and appropriate environment, without direct interference of weather, they will provide improvement of work conditions and optimize income productivity. The economic viability assessment showed that, based on calculated income gains, the overall investment used in the construction of a warehouse is fully viable and the financial return on the investment will happen in two years, with a NPV of R$ 119,150.27, an IRR of 14.5%, using a 8% discount rate. The warehouse construction will enable a more comfortable work environment for the worker, saving time of seedling selections and reduction in production costs.Keywords: Ergonomic improvement; economic analysis; production process.
Holocalyx balansae: ASPECTOS FENOLÓGICOS, MORFOLÓGICOS E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES
Authors: Felippi Marciele , Longhi Solon Jonas , Araújo Maristela Machado
Published: January 2015

O reduzido conhecimento sobre aspectos básicos relacionados à autoecologia de espécies florestais nativas inviabiliza a elaboração de estratégias para o manejo adequado de florestas, restauração e produção de mudas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a época de floração e frutificação, morfologia da flor, fruto, semente, plântula e muda de Holocalyx balansae Micheli (alecrim), além de analisar características físicas e fisiológicas de um lote de sementes. As observações fenológicas foram realizadas mensalmente. O lote de sementes foi formado a partir de seis indivíduos que apresentaram frutos maduros no mesmo período. A presença de flores ocorreu em dois períodos (fevereiro e junho a setembro), da mesma forma que os frutos maduros (novembro e de março a abril). Observaram-se variações fenológicas, conforme o ano e entre árvores no mesmo período, sugerindo a marcação de maior número de exemplares arbóreos marcados do que se deseja coletar. A germinação é hipógea. O tamanho dos frutos e sementes foi variável, resultando em 793 sementes por quilograma, com 83% de germinação, entretanto, sob condições ambientais, ao observar a emergência das plântulas, esse valor decresceu expressivamente (51%), devendo este ser um fator considerado no planejamento de produção de mudas.Palavras-chave: Papilionoideae; floração; frutificação; emergência; muda. AbstractHolocalyx balansae: phenological and morphological aspects, and seed germination. The lack of knowledge about basic aspects related to autoecology of native forest species prevents the development of strategies for appropriate forest management, restoration and production of seedlings. This research aimed to characterize the time of flowering and fruitification, the morphology of flowers, fruits, seeds, seedling and changes of Holocalyx balansae Micheli (rosemary), and analyzing physical and physiological characteristics of a seed lot. We conducted monthly phenological observations. The seed lot had six individuals that exhibited ripe fruits in the same period. The presence of flowers occurred in two periods (February and June to September), just as the ripe fruit (November and March to April). We observed phenological changes during the year between trees in the same period, suggesting that it is necessary to mark a largest number of arboreal specimens than the ones you want to collect. Germination is hypogeal. The size of the fruits and seeds was variable, resulting in 793 seeds per kilogram, with 83% of germination, however, under environment conditions, observing seedling emergence, this value decreased significantly (51%), it should be a factor to be considered in seedling production planning.Keywords: Papilionoideae; flowering; fruiting; emergency; seedling.
FENOLOGIA DE Ocotea pulchella, Myrcia brasiliensis E Psidium cattleyanum, EM FLORESTA SEMIDECÍDUA DO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Bauer Danielle , Müller Andressa , Goetz Milena Nunes Bernardes , Schmitt Jairo Lizandro
Published: January 2015

Eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae), Myrcia brasiliensis Kiaersk e Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) foram avaliados, em fragmento de floresta semidecidual secundária durante dois anos. Foi realizada uma análise estatística circular e as fenofases foram correlacionadas à temperatura, comprimento do dia e precipitação. A queda foliar e brotamento das espécies ocorreram continuamente durante o biênio caracterizando fraca sazonalidade. A floração, incluindo o surgimento de botões florais e antese, caracterizou um padrão sazonal nas três espécies. Myrcia brasiliensis e Psidium cattleyanum apresentaram grande concentração de indivíduos em torno da data média (r) para a fenofase frutos imaturos, enquanto que, em O. pulchella, a produção foi praticamente constante (r baixo). O surgimento dos frutos em P. cattleyanum e O. pulchella demonstrou relação com comprimento do dia e temperatura, nos dois anos. Todas as espécies apresentaram alta concentração de indivíduos com frutos maduros, em alguma época do ano, permitindo estimativa da data média desse evento reprodutivo e indicando sazonalidade no amadurecimento. As três espécies potencialmente podem oferecer recursos alimentares aos animais locais, principalmente as aves, porque os frutos maduros ficaram disponíveis ao longo do período inteiro.Palavras-chave: Fenofases; espécies arbóreas; floresta atlântica; Lauraceae; Myrtaceae. AbstractPhenology of Ocotea pulchella, Myrcia brasiliensis and Psidium cattleyanum in semideciduous forest in southern Brazil. We evaluated vegetative and reproductive events of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae), Myrcia brasiliensis Kiaersk and Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) in a secondary semideciduous forest fragment for two years. We performed a circular data analysis and we correlated phenophases to temperature, daylenght and rainfall. Leaf fall and leaf appearance occurred continuously during the biennium featuring a low seasonality. The flowering, including the emergence of floral buds and anthesis, featured a seasonal pattern. Myrcia brasiliensis and Psidium cattleyanum showed great concentration of immature fruits around the average date (r), while fruit production of O. pulchella was almost constant (low r). The appearance of the fruits in P. cattleyanum and O. pulchella revealed a connection between daylenght and temperature in both years. All species had high concentration of individuals with mature fruits at some time of the year, allowing estimation of the average date of the reproductive event and indicating seasonality of maturation. The three species may potentially provide food resources for local animals, mainly birds, because mature fruits were available throughout the entire period.Keywords: Phenophases; tree species; atlantic rain forest; Lauraceae; Myrtaceae.
TOLERÂNCIA DE PLANTAS DE Khaya ivorensis E Toona ciliata A HERBICIDAS
Authors: Brighenti Alexandre Magno , Muller Marcelo Dias
Published: January 2015

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de plantas mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis) e cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata var. australis) a herbicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Tratamentos: i) testemunha sem aplicação, ii) imazapyr (25 g i.a. ha-1), iii) oxyfluorfen (360 g i.a. ha-1), iv) oxyfluorfen (720 g i.a. ha-1), v) isoxaflutole (75 g i.a. ha-1), vi) isoxaflutole (112,5 g i.a. ha-1), vii) chlorimuron-ethyl (7,5 g i.a. ha-1) + 0,05% v/v de óleo mineral, viii) chlorimuron-ethyl (12,5 g i.a. ha-1) + 0,05% v/v de óleo mineral, ix) imazethapyr (100 g i.a. ha-1) e x) nicosulfuron (40 g i.a. ha-1). Para o mogno africano, os herbicidas imazapyr (25 g i.a. ha-1), oxyfluorfen (360 g i.a. ha-1) e chlorimuron-ethyl (7,5 e 12,5 g i.a. ha-1) proporcionaram sintomas leves de fitotoxicidade. O oxyfluorfen (720 g i.a. ha-1), o imazethapyr e o nicosulfuron foram moderadamente fitotóxicos e o isoxaflutole (75 e 112,5 g i.a. ha-1) foi o herbicida mais fitotóxico. Para o cedro australiano, o herbicida imazapyr (25 g i.a. ha-1) proporcionou os menores níveis de injúria. O oxyfluorfen, o isoxaflutole, o chlorimuron-ethyl, o imazethapyr e o nicosulfuron proporcionaram altos níveis de fitotoxicidade.Palavras-chave: Mogno africano; cedro australiano; plantas daninhas; seletividade. AbstractTolerance of Khaya ivorensis and Toona ciliata to herbicides. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the plant tolerance of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) and Australian cedar (Toona ciliata var. australis) to herbicides. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments were as follows: i) untreated control, ii) imazapyr (25 g ai ha-1), iii) oxyfluorfen (360 g ai ha-1), iv) oxyfluorfen (720 g ai ha-1), v) isoxaflutole (75g ai ha-1), vi) isoxaflutole (112.5 g ai ha-1), vii) chlorimuron-ethyl (7.5 g ai ha-1) + 0.05% v / v mineral oil, viii) chlorimuron-ethyl (12.5 g ai ha-1) + 0.05% v / v mineral oil, ix) imazethapyr (100 g ai ha-1), and x) nicosulfuron (40 g ai ha-1). For the African mahogany, imazapyr (25 g ai ha-1), oxyfluorfen (360 g ai ha-1) and chlorimuron-ethyl (7.5 and 12.5 g ai ha-1), showed mild symptoms of phytotoxicity. The oxyfluorfen (720 g ai ha-1), imazethapyr and nicosulfuron were moderately phytotoxics, and isoxaflutole (75 and 112.5 g ai ha-1) was the most phytotoxic herbicide. For Australian cedar, imazapyr (25 g ai ha-1) caused low levels of injury. Oxyfluorfen, isoxaflutole, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron were the most phytotoxic herbicides. Keywords: African mahogany; Australian cedar; weeds; selectivity.
EFEITO DE TELAS DE SOMBREAMENTO NO CRESCIMENTO E PROTEÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Toona ciliata SOB BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS
Authors: De Marco Rudinei , Conte Bruno , Perrando Edison Rogério , De Oliveira Fortes Fabiano , Somavilla Lucindo , Boff Burgin Mário
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes camadas de telas de sombreamento no crescimento e na proteção de mudas de Toona ciliata em períodos de suscetibilidade a geadas. O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, RS. Para a realização do experimento, mudas de Toona ciliata foram mantidas em sacos plásticos com capacidade de três litros e submetidas a quatro tratamentos: mudas sem proteção e mudas sob proteção com camada simples, dupla e tripla de sombreamento. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de oito mudas por repetição. Foi avaliado o número de mudas com folhas apicais necrosadas, a altura da parte aérea, o diâmetro do colo e a massa seca radicular, aérea e total. Por meio dessas variáveis, foi possível determinar o Índice de Produtividade, o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson e as relações altura/diâmetro e altura/massa seca da parte aérea. A utilização de telas de sombreamento mostrou-se eficiente para a proteção das mudas contra o efeito adverso da geada. O uso de uma camada simples de sombreamento resultou em maior proteção e consequentemente forneceu as melhores características dendrométricas em relação às demais intensidades de sombreamento.Palavras-chave: Tela de proteção; tolerância à geada; cedro australiano. AbstractEffect of shading screens on growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings under low temperatures. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of different shading screens layers on the growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings in periods of frost susceptibility. The research was conducted on the Santa Maria Federal University, Frederico Westphalen Campus, RS. For the experiment, Toona ciliata seedlings maintained in plastic bags with three liters of capacity each were submitted to four treatments: unprotected seedlings, seedlings under protection with a single shading layer, double and triple. The experimental design was the completely randomized, with four repetitions of eight seedlings each. It was evaluated the number of seedlings with necrosed apical leaves, the aerial part height, the lap diameter and the dry mass of root, aerial and total. By such variables, it was possible to determine the Produtivity Index, the Dickson Quality Index and the relations height/diameter and height/dry mass of aerial part. The use of shading screens showed up efficient to protect the seedlings against the adverse effect of frost. The use of a single layer of shading resulted in a greater protection and consequently provided the best dendrometric characteristics, compared to the others levels of shading.Keywords: Screen protection; tolerance to frost; Australian cedar.
Searching for Community: The Role-Identity Development of a Dually Nontraditional Music Education Student Enrolled in a Traditional Degree Program
Authors: Brewer Wesley D.
Published: January 2015

Alex is a 37-year-old male undergraduate music education major who is "nontraditional" in two ways: (1) he holds nontraditional student "status" according to multiple definitions and criteria (age, marital status, etc.); (2) his informal musical education and background are atypical of collegiate music majors. While research on role-identity development is prevalent within the field of music education, research on nontraditional students, whether defined by status or background, is sparse. Through a narrative construction of Alex’s perspectives on life, music, and education, the author examines with the participant the ways in which his nontraditional status and background interact with the music teacher role-identity development process and the status quo of collegiate music teacher preparation practices.
Ser historiador no século XXI
Authors: Glezer Raquel
Published: January 2015

Este artigo apresenta as mudanças no processo de formação do historiador a partir das transformações decorrentes da passagem da galáxia de Gutenberg para a galáxia Marconi, relacionando-as com as características da sociedade de massa contemporânea, com acesso à informação em tempo real e com identidade fragmentada.
Fabricando a “alma da cidade” e a história da nação: embates e instabilidades nos processos de patrimonialização
Authors: Reis Daniel
Published: January 2015

Este texto tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre a patrimonialização de bens culturais no espaço urbano. É sobre a fabricação de um Cine-teatro situado na cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG como patrimônio cultural por meio dos processos de tombamento realizados em âmbito local e nacional. Procura-se, a partir deste estudo de caso, pensar sobre os discursos, embates, apropriações em torno da categoria “patrimônio” e, a partir daí, de que maneiras são elaboradas concepções de memória, história, passado e cultura por meio de nem sempre estáveis mecanismos de preservação.
Patrimônio, agência e memória: a demolição da sede da Sociedade Italiana de Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP)
Authors: Tamaso Izabela Maria
Published: January 2015

Analisa-se, neste artigo, as estratégias empreendidas por um grupo de pinhalenses no processo de demolição da sede da Sociedade Italiana de Mútuo Socorro “Dante Alighieri”, na cidade de Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP), que embora não reconhecida pelas agências oficiais de patrimônios, era considerada social e culturalmente significativa de forma a se configurar em um patrimônio para os descendentes de italianos. Duas “situações críticas”, situadas em tempos diferenciados, servem de baliza para as interpretações aqui desenvolvidas: (1) o confisco dos bens dos imigrantes italianos, em 1942, quando da entrada do Brasil na 2a Guerra Mundial e (2) a demolição da sede da Sociedade Italiana em 1991. Analisa-se a interação social de duas organizações disciplinares no tempo e no espaço — a Sociedade Italiana e a uma loja maçônica — com vários agentes sociais, filhos de italianos, de forma a acompanhar o debate cultural na prática social. Busca-se articular a relação entre as memórias indizíveis e, portanto silenciadas, do período da guerra, com os dados de documentos cartorários, entrecruzados com dados históricos, visando à interpretação da demolição da sede, como resultado da conduta estratégica empreendida por um grupo de pinhalenses, que objetivava eliminar as marcas tangíveis do fascismo na cidade.
Paisagens do Bosque Rodrigues Alves, Belém (PA): considerações sobre a conservação do patrimônio urbano no contexto amazônico
Authors: Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu da
Published: January 2015

A proposta do artigo é a de discutir a importância do Bosque Rodrigues Alves (Belém – PA) para o contexto urbano da metrópole paraense, buscando refletir sobre o seu estatuto de Patrimônio Municipal, considerando a amplitude de patrimônios que detém. A partir daí, a discussão sobre o tema das paisagens, das sociabilidades e das relações entre natureza e cultura no âmbito da conservação patrimonial voltada a uma área verde urbana, coloca a necessidade de repensar a oposição cultura versus natureza, e a consequente problematização da noção de paisagem cultural como alternativa para superá-la.
CONSELHO SUPREMO MILITAR E DE JUSTIÇA E A INTERIORIZAÇÃO DE UMA CULTURA JURÍDICA DE ANTIGO REGIME NO RIO DE JANEIRO (1808- 1831)
Authors: Souza Adriana Barreto de
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre a implantação da justiça militar no Brasil, em especial a de seu principal órgão, o Conselho Supremo Militar e de Justiça, defendendo a hipótese de que ela se inspira em debates e experiências políticas vividas no reinado de d. Maria I. Desse modo, a criação em 1808 do Conselho Supremo, e de outros órgãos da justiça militar, contribui para a interiorização de uma cultura jurídica de Antigo Regime no Rio de Janeiro. Uma cultura que, apesar de todas as críticas que lhe são endereçadas ao longo do século XIX, resistirá sem alterações significativas até a Proclamação da República em 1889.
Peronismo y Juventud. Volviendo a los orígenes
Authors: Calleja Maria Luz Silva
Published: January 2015

Este texto é uma resenha do livro do historiador argentino Omar Acha publicado na Argentina em 2011, que trata dos processos de organização da Juventude Peronista durante a primeira e segunda presidências de Perón e seu posterior esquecimento ou negação.
Missionários franciscanos em Goa
Authors: Panegassi Rubens Leonardo
Published: January 2015

Trata-se de resenha de livro recentemente publicado; FARIA, Patricia Souza de. A conquista das almas do oriente: Franciscanos, catolicismo e poder colonial português em Goa (1540-1740). Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras, 2013. O livro trata da presinça das missões franciscanas em Goa na primeira modernidade.
A "Revolução" é uma árvore de vida secular: O Jornal do Brasil e a invenção da democracia e da legalidade do golpe civil-militar e do governo militar (1964-1968)
Authors: Guarnieri Dayane Cristina
Published: January 2015

A pesquisa vigente pretende analisar os editoriais produzidos pelo Jornal do Brasil, representante da grande imprensa, durante o golpe civil-militar até 1968, com o objetivo de compreender as justificativas em torno do golpe civil-militar e do governo militar diante das mudanças que ocorrem no discurso desse periódico diante dos eventos do cotidiano político. Ao considerar que o Jornal do Brasil defendeu a intervenção no governo constitucional de Goulart conjectura-se que ele continua a apoiar o governo militar. O periódico destaca que a democracia deveria ser preservada por meio das instituições democráticas e da legalidade junto com o poder militar. Mesmo destacando que a democracia não existia o JB afirmava que o governo militar possuía a intenção de restabelecê-la. Ele afirma que a continuidade da legalidade e do funcionamento das instituições democráticas garantiria o retorno democrático. A opinião editorial se desloca entre o adesismo e a crítica, contudo se apresenta sempre disposta a orientar as ações políticas do governo. Portanto, o Jornal do Brasil colaborou com a tentativa do grupo militar de legitimar-se para a sociedade por meio da sustentação do discurso democrático e legalista. Mas em muitos momentos o JB apontou farsas políticas do governo militar como a Constituição de 1967, as eleições indiretas, o imobilismo governamental, assim como, acentuou que as promessas reformistas de 1964 não foram cumpridas. Estas reformas que visavam beneficiar o grupo empresarial que o JB integrava e representava. Ou seja, ele defende o discurso democrático, mas elabora a concepção de que um regime arbitrário pudesse aperfeiçoar a democracia e o desenvolvimento capitalista.