bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensions in Piketty’s Participatory Socialism: Reconciling Justice and Democracy
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper , Albertsen Andreas
Published: June 2021

In the final parts of Piketty’s Capital and Ideology, he presents his vision for a just and more equal society. This vision marks an alternative to contemporary societies, and differs radically both from the planned Soviet economies and from social democratic welfare states. In his sketch of this vision, Piketty provides a principled account of how such a society would look and how it would modify the current status of private property through co-managed enterprises and the creation of temporary ownership models. He also sets out two principles for when inequalities are just. The first principle permits inequalities that are beneficial to the worst-off, while the second permits inequalities that reflect differences in people’s choices and ambitions. This article identifies a tension between Piketty’s two inequality-permitting principles. It also argues that the procedural limits on how decisions are made within the enterprises of participatory socialism might create inequalities not permitted by the guiding distributive principles of participatory socialism. This tension points to the need for either further changes in firm structure and ownership, an even more progressive taxation scheme, or an egalitarian ethos reflected in citizens’ choices in their everyday lives under participatory socialism.
More Lessons to Learn: Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology and Alternative Archives of Social Experience
Authors: Langenohl Andreas
Published: June 2021

Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology has been written with the intention to offer lessons from the historical trajectory of economic redistribution in societies the world over. Thereby, the book suggests learning from the political-economic history of ‘social-democratic’ policies and societal arrangements. While the data presented speak to the plausibility of looking at social democracy, as understood by Piketty, as an archive for learning about the effects of redistribution mechanisms, I argue that the book, or future interventions might profit from integrating alternative archives. On the one hand, its current line of argumentation tends to underestimate the significance of power relations in the international political economy that continued after formal decolonization, and thus form the flip side of social democracy’s success in Europe and North America. On the other hand, the role of the polity might be imagined in a different and more empowering way, not just-as in Piketty-as an elite-liberal democratic governance institution; for instance, it would be interesting to explore the archive of the French solidaristes movement more deeply than Piketty does, as well as much more recent interventions in economic anthropology that deal with ‘economic citizenship’ in the Global South.
About Capital, Socialism and Ideology
Authors: Piketty Thomas
Published: June 2021

In this article, I attempt to briefly clarify a number of issues regarding what I have tried to achieve in my book Capital and Ideology. I also comment on the many limitations behind such a project,whose main objective is to stimulate further research on the global history of inequality regimes, at the intersection of economic, social and political history. Lastly, I address some of the many stimulating points raised in the reviews, particularly regarding the nature of participatory socialism and its incompleteness.
The Role of Culture in Evolutionary Theories of Human Cooperation
Authors: Qirko Hector
Published: June 2021

Evolutionarily-minded scholars working on the most puzzling aspects of human cooperation-one-shot, anonymous interactions among non-kin where reputational information is not available-can be roughly divided into two camps. In the first, researchers argue for the existence of evolved capacities for genuinely altruistic human cooperation, and in their models emphasize the role of intergroup competition and selection, as well as group norms and markers of membership that reduce intragroup variability. Researchers in the second camp explain cooperation in terms of individual-level decision-making facilitated by evolved cognitive mechanisms associated with well-established self- and kin-maximization models, as well as by ‘misfires’ that may result from these mechanisms interacting with novel environments. This essay argues that the manner in which culture provides information that de-anonymizes intragroup strangers suggests that neither evolved capacities for genuine altruism nor widespread misfires are necessary to account for anonymous, one-shot cooperation.
Normative Guidance, Evaluative Guidance, and Skill
Authors: Railton Peter
Published: June 2021

At least since Aristotle, practical skill has been thought to be a possible model for individual ethical development and action. Jonathan Birch’s ambitious proposal is that practical skill and tool-use might also have played a central role in the historical emergence and evolution of our very capacity for normative guidance. Birch argues that human acquisition of motor skill, for example in making and using tools, involves formation of an internal standard of correct performance, which serves as a basis for normative guidance in skilled thought and action, and in the social transfer of skills. I suggest that evaluativemodeling, guidance, and learning play a more basic role in motor skill than standards of correctness as such-indeed, such standards can provide effective normative guidance thanks to being embedded within evaluative modeling and guidance. This picture better fits the evidence Birch cites of the flexibility, adaptability, and creativity of skills, and can support a generalized version of Birch’s ‘skill hypothesis’.
Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
Authors: Stefanowicz-Rutkowska Magdalena Maria , Matuszewski Wojciech , Gontarz-Nowak Katarzyna , Bandurska-Stankiewicz Elżbieta Maria
Published: June 2021

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is more common among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and may impact its microvascular complications. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between AITD and the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). Anthropometric parameters, parameters of metabolic control of DM, thyreometabolic status, and the UACR were assessed. DKD was diagnosed if patients’ UACR level was ≥30 mg/g or eGFR level was <60 mL/min. This study involved 144 patients with DM1 aged 36.2 ± 11.7 years: 49 men and 95 women. Significant differences in creatinine, eGFR, and UACR levels were found in patients with DKD. fT3 concentration was significantly lower among DKD patients. A significantly higher probability of DKD was found in DM1 patients with lower fT3 levels. Patients with DM1 and AITD had significantly lower creatinine levels than the control group. However, the study did not show any significant relationship between AITD and the occurrence of DKD in patients with DM1. Significantly lower fT3 concentrations in DKD patients may be caused by metabolic disorders in the course of DKD and require further cohort studies in a larger population of patients with DM1 and AITD.
Intimidad, identidad y máscara
Authors: González Requena Jesús
Published: June 2021

Este artículo versará sobre el ser de la máscara, que será desplegado por la vía de una fenomenología de las formas del vestirse y del disfrazarse, en las que comparte un común territorio con el velo, la ropa y el disfraz, tanto como sus contrapartidas; el rostro, el cuerpo y sus pasiones.

Se analizará a continuación la dialéctica entre la máscara-máscara —aquella que se declara tal— y el rostro-máscara, la máscara que se oculta a sí misma para proclamarse identidad.

Finalmente, se reflexionará sobre la relación esencial entre la máscara y la intimidad, se mostrará cómo la primera es la condición material de posibilidad de la segunda, y se concluirá con una referencia al acto del amor, como aquel en el que se ofrece al otro el acceso a una intimidad que solo la máscara hace posible.
Narrativas: entramado de tramas en un enredado vínculo social
Authors: Benavides Campos Julio Eduardo
Published: June 2021

¿Cuál es la razón para pensar que el concepto de narrativas puede ser potente para explicar el modo como tienen lugar los procesos de comunicación (social) en el contexto de la sociedad contemporánea? Si partimos de la afirmación de Levy (2007), la cual nos dice que «el ciberespacio no está desordenado, expresa la diversidad de lo humano» (p. 93), en un mundo en el cual la conectividad parece ser una condición de la vida social, la pregunta que surge desde lo comunicativo es ¿qué es lo que emerge como dispositivo(s) propio(s) de la mediación comunicativa en un mundo globalizado? De otro lado, hoy en día todo el mundo parece querer ser solo escuchado: «Síganos» es el imperativo que uno encuentra en la web y en las redes sociales, pero nadie parece querer escuchar al otro. A la par de este contexto, la conectividad parece haber acrecentado la complejidad del entramado de los relatos, haciendo pensar en cómo estos «entramados socio-técnicos-culturales» (Levy, 2007, p. XX) generan los procesos de identidad y de construcción de una memoria cultural que hace que individuos y colectivos le atribuyan significados a sus acciones (Castells, 1999). Las narrativas mediáticas se constituyeron en la forma hegemónica de encuentro en nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas, como dice Rincón (2006): «el potencial de acción simbólica de los medios de comunicación está en la competencia que tiene para producir vínculo y conexión entre los seres humanos, para imaginar relatos en los que quepamos todos» (p. 99). En Colombia hay una tarea pendiente por construir unas narrativas pensadas no desde el género —y no porque no tenga que ver con ello—, sino que se trata de poder comprender y proyectar «esas nuevas sensibilidades que conectan con los movimientos de la globalización tecnológica que están disminuyendo la importancia de lo territorial y de los referentes tradicionales de identidad» (Martín-Barbero, 2002, p. 177) en un país que necesita construir una memoria que lo proyecte hacia un futuro en paz. Por esta razón, en la perspectiva de los estudios culturales, «desentrañar en el mundo estas narrativas recurrentes y heterogéneas, las insólitas tramas de sabiduría práctica, identidad cultural y subjetividad política» (Herlinghaus, 2004, p. 15) es una tarea pendiente.
Estudio y análisis de manjar blanco en Palmira. Diagnóstico, técnica y hacedor
Authors: Santofimio Díaz Jean Frank
Published: June 2021

Con la pérdida de diversidad e identidad cultural, se unifican los estilos de vida; la reubicación y dispersión de comunidades por diferentes causas ponen en peligro la existencia del patrimonio cultural inmaterial (PCI), por lo que su protección es crucial. En un país como Colombia, tan diverso cultural y geográficamente, la gastronomía es muy importante en la identidad de sus habitantes. Los dulces típicos y la comida tradicional son elementos de gran diversidad en las regiones. En el patrimonio gastronómico se encuentra la herencia española de la conquista, la llegada de los negros y el poder ancestral de los pueblos indígenas. Por estas razones, es importante preservar e identificar las causas que hacen invisible la identidad del patrimonio, qué lo deteriora y qué lo ponen en riesgo, para la construcción de variables que favorecen la toma de acciones y la corrección de diversos factores, entre ellos: humanos, ambientales y/o mixtos.

En este estudio se articulan diferentes herramientas territoriales e individuales con el fin de comprender el estado actual de la transmisión del conocimiento en el desarrollo de manjar blanco en el municipio de Palmira, Valle del Cauca, así como conocer las características de los responsables de su preparación y condiciones espaciales y ambientales en las que se desarrollan estas dinámicas.

El manjar blanco del Valle del Cauca, es un postre lácteo obtenido al cocinar una mezcla de azúcar de caña y leche de vaca, con la adición de harina, principalmente arroz. Es un producto reconocido como insignia gastronómica en el Valle del Cauca y su producción, principalmente artesanal, también ocupa una línea importante en la economía de sus habitantes.
Study of the effects of glyphosate application on Collembola populations under controlled conditions
Authors: Torres Moya Felipe , Dotor-Robayo Mónica
Published: June 2021

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. However, the effects of this molecule on non-target populations are still a subject of study. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the application of different glyphosate doses on variation in collembolan (springtail) populations. To accomplish this goal, samples of organic substrate that contained different collembolan populations were collected. Samples were taken to the laboratory and acclimatized for 48 hours. Glyphosate C14 was then applied to the samples in doses equivalent to 0 L ha-1, 2 L ha-1, and 4 L ha-1 under a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and five replicates. Population counts were performed by implementing the flotation method at 0, 4, 7 and 11 days after application (DAA). We found that individuals were distributed in the families Isotomidae and Entomobryidae and divided into species of the genus Proisotoma (Börner), Lepidocyrtus (Bourlet) and Seira (Lubbock). A decrease in the number of arthropods between 40% and 60% was reported for the treatments with herbicide application at 4 and 7 DAA, showing a drop in the size of the community in those treatments in which the herbicide was applied compared to the control. However, no differences were observed between herbicide doses. Additionally, the presence of glyphosate C14 was demonstrated in dead individuals. This confirms a possible effect of the herbicide on some biological systems that led to a decrease in the size of the population.
Optimization of the extraction of antioxidant compounds from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Luisetti Julia , Lucero Héctor , Ciappini María Cristina
Published: June 2021

Argentina contains a great biodiversity of natural foods such as quinoa that can be included in the human diet because of their nutritional characteristics and content of bioactive compounds. Among other properties, these bioactive have an antioxidant capacity that protects biomolecules from oxidant damage. Bioactive compounds contribute beneficially to diverse antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic physiological activities. The objective of this study was to optimize the parameters for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from quinoa: drying temperature of the grain, liquid/solid ratio (L/S), and ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent, based on an experimental design of three variables at three levels. A face-centered central composite design was used. The proposed levels were 40°C, 60°C and 80°C; 20:1, 30:1 and 40:1, and 30%, 50%, and 70% v/v of ethanol. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the capture of the DPPH free radical. The values obtained were from 16.3 mg to 161.5 mg of equivalent trolox (ET) 100 g-1 of quinoa. The maximum antioxidant capacity was obtained for the L/S ratio of 28:1, and the drying temperature of the grain was 58°C and 39% v/v of ethanol in the extraction solvent. The ethanol concentration was the most influential variable in the antioxidant compound extraction.
Relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations
Authors: Schlickmann-Tank José Arturo , Morales-Galván Oscar , Pineda-Pineda Joel , Espinosa-Vázquez Gonzalo , Colinas-León María Teresa , Vargas-Hernández Mateo
Published: June 2021

The aphid Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi is considered the most important pest of sorghum cultivation in Mexico. It can cause losses in production of up to 100%. This research was conducted at the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo during 2018 and 2019 with the objective of determining the relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and M. sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations. Different levels of nitrogen (125, 250 and 500 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.5, 39 and 78 kg ha-1) and potassium (210 and 420 kg ha-1) were supplied to sorghum plants planted in polyethylene pots with a capacity of 6 L under greenhouse conditions. The plants were infested with a total of 15 third-instar nymphs within 60 days of crop emergence. A total of 6 samplings were carried out at 7 day intervals, starting at 7 d after the infestation. Quantifications of total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in leaf tissue were also performed. We observed that higher doses of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the aphid population, while increasing the potassium dose considerably decreased the aphid population. We also found a positive correlation between the aphid population and the total soluble protein concentrations, reducing sugars and nitrogen levels, while the correlation was negative with potassium levels in leaves.
Condiciones de trabajo en la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa. Reto del trabajo decente en una economía en pandemia
Authors: Torres Pinto Leidy Stefany , Molero Suárez Lisbeth Marina , Venegas Camargo Allyson Karen
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta el análisis de la primera dimensión condiciones de trabajo en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector servicios en la ciudad de Bogotá, debido a su carácter distintivo para lograr la sostenibilidad en el entorno laboral y en respuesta a los desafíos presentes el contexto económico, sanitario y social, planteado a partir de la aparición del virus SARS-COV-2.  En lo que corresponde al aspecto metodológico la investigación responde a un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico y descriptivo de las condiciones de trabajo en el contexto actual, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 30 (treinta) MiPymes del sector servicios a las cuales se les aplicó un instrumento donde los 18 primeros ítems corresponden a las dimensiones que configuran actualmente dichas condiciones en la población abordada se intenta generar un espacio para la reflexión y la generación de conciencia en relación con el bienestar laboral y la calidad de vida que en la actualidad tienen los individuos en sus sitios de trabajo abriendo un camino para la generación de  estrategias en lo que respecta a las condiciones de trabajo presentes en la relación laboral, convirtiendo éstas en una ventaja competitiva para el sector.  El estudio permitió reconocer las condiciones actuales puntualizando aquellas que van en detrimento de la relación laboral como el estrés y la salud en el entorno.
Introduction
Authors: Larsson Stefan , af Edholm Kristoffer
Published: June 2021

In Chapter 1, the editors present the background and scope of the book and discuss main themes of the subsequent chapters on wandering religious poets in India, Tibet, and Japan.
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS ON THE FLY: THE LIMITS AND PROMISE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
Authors: Meyer David S.
Published: June 2021

Disciplined academic study of social movements should help us make sense of the movements and politics of our time, but social science often leads us astray. Particularly, the ideal of limiting the frame of analysis in terms of independent and dependent variables and in terms of time routinely neglects the disparate causes and effects of social protest. These challenges are particularly acute when considering contemporaneous campaigns, that is, analysis on the fly. Using the case of the first Women’s March, staged the day after Donald Trump became president of the United States, I elaborate the false steps that social science analysis encourages by identifying patterned errors of exclusion: applying misplaced models; producing unduly narrow fields of action; the difficulty of evaluating practical possibilities; the challenge of assessing institutionalization; and the necessity of truncating time. I conclude with suggestions for continuing to engage in analysis of contemporary movements and ways to avoid egregious errors while doing so.
Magnitude Scales for Marsquakes Calibrated from InSight Data
Authors: Böse Maren , Stähler Simon C. , Deichmann Nicholas , Giardini Domenico , Clinton John , Lognonné Philppe , Ceylan Savas , van Driel Martin , Charalambous Constantinos , Dahmen Nikolaj , Horleston Anna , Kawamura Taichi , Khan Amir , Knapmeyer Martin , Orhand-Mainsant Guénolé , Scholz John-Robert , Euchner Fabian , Banerdt W. Bruce
Published: June 2021

In preparation for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) Discovery Program mission, Böse et al. (2018) calibrated magnitude scales for marsquakes that incorporated prelaunch knowledge of Mars’ interior structure and the expected ambient and instrumental noise. Now, using data collected during the first two years after the successful deployment of the InSight very-broadband seismometer on the Martian surface, we revise these relations to account for the seismic and noise characteristics observed on Mars. The data collected so far (until 12 October 2020) include 485 seismic event detections and suggest that (1) marsquakes are characterized by energy between ∼0.1 and 10 Hz; (2) whereas first arriving P- and S-wave phases are regularly identified and assigned, both surface waves and secondary phase arrivals are extremely challenging to identify; (3) the majority of identified events include a strong excitation of an unexpected 2.4 Hz ground resonance; and (4) so-called high-frequency (HF) events exist that are visible mainly as guided Pg/Sg wave trains. In view of these observations, we update our scaling relations for the spectral and body-wave magnitudes, Mw,specMa, mbMa, and mbSMa, and introduce a new magnitude scale, M2.4Ma, for HF events. We use these scales to determine that the magnitudes of events in the current InSight version 5 catalog range between 1.1 and 3.7, with event-specific uncertainties σM ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Because of the currently unclear interpretation of HF events, magnitude estimates for these events primarily serve as a relative comparison.
PREDICTION OF THERMAL GROWTH IN A HIGH-SPEED SPINDLE BY CONSIDERING THERMO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Manufacturing Research Laboratory, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey, Yuksel E. , Budak E. ,   Manufacturing Research Laboratory, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey, Ozlu E. ,   Manufacturing Research Laboratory, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey, Oral A. ,   Igrek Makina Inc., OSB A.O. Sonmez Bulv. No:10 16140 Bursa, Turkey, Igrek F. ,   Igrek Makina Inc., OSB A.O. Sonmez Bulv. No:10 16140 Bursa, Turkey, Tosun F. ,   Igrek Makina Inc., OSB A.O. Sonmez Bulv. No:10 16140 Bursa, Turkey
Published: June 2021

Continuous rotation of spindle bearings and motor cause thermally induced structural deformations and thermal growth, which is one of the main reasons for machining errors. A positive feedback loop between bearing preload and heat generation causes preload variations in spindle bearings. These preload variations demonstrate a nonlinear transient behavior until the gradual expansion of outer bearing rings after which the thermally induced preload variation behaves steadily. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) framework is presented for predicting steady preload variation on spindle bearings. The method involves a thermal loading model and a transient contact analysis. In the contact analysis phase bearing contact deformations (penetration and sliding) and pressure are predicted by considering contact algorithms in an FE software. A transient spindle simulation in FE is employed to predict the bearing temperature and thermal spindle growth by using the proposed method. The performance of the method is demonstrated on a spindle prototype through bearing temperature and thermal deformation measurements. Results show that the proposed method can be a useful tool for spindle design and improvements due to its promising results and speed without the need for tests.
Diversity, Abundance and Host Preference of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Potential Vectors and Nuisance Insect in Zoo Park Košice, Slovakia
Authors: Kasicova Zuzana , Komorová Petronela , Pastorek Patrik , Schreiberová Andrea , Friedman Miroslava , Kimáková Andrea , Kocisova Alica
Published: June 2021

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were captured in the course of three seasons (2017–2020) in the Zoo Košice. The total number of captured individuals was 5,667 biting midges, and 12 species of Culicoides were identified, while the most frequently captured and the most populous species were C. obsoletus/C. scoticus, C. furcillatus, and C. festivipennis. The most frequent hosts on which the biting midges were blood-feeding were humans (Homo sapiens), Burchell's zebra (Equus quagga burchellii), and domestic cow (Bos taurus). This is the first study to confirm a wide range of biting midges species in a zoo which are capable of using not only animals as their hosts, but also humans, in whom a bite may induce an allergic reaction. More than 80% of the fauna of biting midges in the Zoo Košice represented Culicoides obsoletus/C. scoticus, which are in the Central Europe regarded as the potential vectors of arboviruses, to which primarily ruminants are highly susceptible.
“DOUBLE X” FIXATION FOR RARE AND PARTICULAR PEDIATRIC SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERUS FRACTURES
Authors: Burnei Gheorghe , Răducan Ionuţ , Enache Florin-Daniel , Dărăban Adriana , Avram Cecilia , Burnei Cristian
Published: June 2021

Background Context. The presence of special, rare and various forms which we can encounter when treating supracondylar humeral fractures (SHF) in children, call into question what therapeutic methods can be used to increase the effectiveness of the treatment applied. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained by using double cross-fixation, "in double X", by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in treating rare and particular forms. Comments and opinions on "double X" method and other cross or side configurations are presented. Patient Sample. All patients with rare and particular forms presented in this article, were operated during 2001-2020 in state and private hospitals. Fixation in "double X" was used either by CRPP and ORIF. The epitrochlear approach (EA) was performed in cases where stability by CRPP could not be ensured or when there were clear signs of ulnar nerve damage. The minimal medial-approach (mMA) highlights the epitrochlea and the fracture of the medial pylon; it has the role of anatomically reducing the medial pylon, thinner and very unstable in rare and particular forms. During 1982-2020 we consulted, treated and evaluated patients with SHF to whom all known treatment methods were applied: orthopedic reduction and immobilization in plaster cast, CRPP, ORIF, minimal-open reduction and internal fixation (mORIF) by mMA and external fixator. Internal fixation was done by the techniques of Judet, San Antonio, San Diego, Dorgan, in “X” and “double X”. In 2001, I introduced "double X" fixation to better stabilize anatomical reductions that showed signs of instability during intraoperative verification. All indications given in the study protocol have been made in accordance with the regulations mentioned in the experimental program. Results. All SHFs operated by CRPP and ORIF by “double X” were cured and satisfactory and good results were obtained in the neglected types operated between 14 and 60 days and good and excellent results were obtained in the rare forms. Conclusions. “Double X” fixation gives the best stabilization and postoperatively there is no need for immobilization in a plaster cast. Recovery may begin the day after surgery. Keywords: supracondylar fractures, child elbow pathology, cross-fixation, lateral fixation, healing and recovery after 30-45 days.
Consecutive measurements show association of IGF-1 with fetal growth in type 1 diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Dubietyte Greta , Kaiser Karsten , Nielsen Michael , Lauszus Finn
Published: June 2021

Background: Abnormal fetal growth can lead to adverse outcomes in pregnancy as well in later postnatal life and is more prevalent in diabetic pregnancies. These are usually associated with large for gestational age neonates, an issue that has already been broadly examined. On the other side, diabetes in pregnancy can also relate to intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age neonates. During pregnancy, maternal IGF-1 is secreted excessively and additionally produced by placenta, which regulates transport of nutrients to the fetus acting through an IGF-receptor and accordingly affects its growth. As type 1 diabetes carries a higher risk of adverse events associated with fetal growth there is a natural focus on possible links between IGF-1 and fetal growth. Aim: The present study investigated the time-course relationship between the maternal serum IGF-1 and the birthweight as an obstetrical outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies with various levels of background risk. Methods: 130 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes were consecutively recruited for measurement of growth factors, genes affecting coagulation, evaluated for diabetes status, and perinatal outcome. The birthweight z-score was computed and grouped into tertiles for analysis of association with repeated measurements of IGF-1. Diurnal blood pressure was measured by monitor. Retinopathy grade was evaluated by two specialists independently, blinded of the clinical data. Blood samples for IGF-1 during pregnancy were drawn from week 6 and every 4th week until week 30, then every 2 nd week. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Results: The median of the lowest tertile of birthweight z-score was 0.4 (-1 - +1.3) and included more women with micro/macroalbuminuria than the middle and upper tertile; however, ¾ had normoalbuminuria and no further sign of surplus vasculopathy compared to the other tertile groups. The lowest birthweights were associated with a lower rise in IGF-1 from week 22 to 32. Neither glycemic control, genetics, grade of retinopathy, renal function nor vascular resistance indices in diurnal blood pressure were different between the tertile groups. Conclusion: Our main finding is that lower IGF-1 levels are associated with subsequent lower birthweight in diabetic pregnancy and is displayed markedly at the end of 2nd trimester. We hypothesize that the relative low birthweight, despite being within the limits of appropriate for gestational age may display inappropriate growth if not outright growth-restriction. We were able to discern different levels of growth at a critical point in pregnancy where ultrasound may pick up different levels of growth patterns and optimized care can be commenced.
A Systematic Review of Models Used in Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tu Liudan , Xie Ya , Gu Jieruo
Published: June 2021

This review was aimed to evaluate health economic models used in evaluations of different treatment strategies in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Model-based health economic evaluation studies are increasing and complex models with short-term and long-term horizon are applied to investigate the cost-effectiveness of SpA treatments. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the evolution of health economic models used in the treatment of SpA. Electronic searches within MEDLINE and EMBASE were carried out using a predefined search strategy. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select relevant studies. Data on country, intervention, evaluation perspective, type of model, time horizon, types of costs and effectiveness measurement were extracted. Eighteen models were described in 22 publications, of which 81.8% were European. Study perspectives included the societal (n=6), healthcare system and payer (n=14), or patient and government (n=1). Time horizon ranged from 52 weeks to lifetime. Markov model was the most frequently used model, only one individual patient simulation models accounting for uncertainty in multiple parameters was reported. Most studies compared different biologics (including different TNFi/biosimilar and IL-17A antibody) with conventional care (NSAIDs) because of the high prize. Only half of studies took indirect costs into account. Modeling is of importance in health economic evaluations of SpA treatment. Long-term costs especially indirect costs should be considered when comparing different treatment alternatives in order to provide more information for policy makers and clinicians.
Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluating Acute Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: Preliminary Results.
Authors: Roch Carmen , García Fernando , Flores María , González Ruben , Cepeda Miguel , Blanco Maria , Villanueva Manuela
Published: June 2021

In absence of pharmacological toxicity, allograft dysfunction is usually due to parenchymal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but its clinical signs are often non-specific and tend to appear when advanced damage has been established. We investigated whether Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), a new non-invasive ultrasound (US) based technique that estimates tissue stiffness, could provide early confident diagnosis of acute allograft dysfunction compared to biopsy (gold standard technique).
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among bus conductors in Nagpur city: An observational study
Authors: K Deshmukh Priyanka , R Shende Animesh , M Akhtar Pooja
Published: June 2021

A wide range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions affecting muscles, tendons, joints, peripheral nerves, are categorized as “musculoskeletal disorders” (MSDs). Exposure to vibration and noises, the varying climatic conditions and the standing posture needs to be considered as a stress factor contributing to his/her health status. As conductors do constant work for 5 to 6 hours with 1-2 breaks in between while working they are constantly exposed to vibrational forces.

: To assess the musculoskeletal problems in bus conductors of Nagpur city.

: To assess the musculoskeletal problems in bus conductors in last one year (based on site of musculoskeletal problem using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire).

: It was an observational study conducted on 100 bus conductors between age group of 20-50 years working with Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Limited (NMPL-AAPLI BUS). Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess musculoskeletal pain at various regions of body.

: The most commonly affected area was knee joint (37%) followed by lower back (17%) and ankles/feet (11%).
Improvement student learning achievement using the integration of the NHT model with Jigsaw on geometry topic
Authors: Kurnia Khikmah , Supriyono Supriyono , Pangestika Rintis Rizkia
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the increase in student learning achievement using the integration of the NHT model with the Jigsaw on geometry topic. The subjects were students of class V elementary school 2 Seren, Purworejo, Central Java. The research variables used were student achievement and the integration of the NHT model with the Jigsaw. Meanwhile, the research instrument used teacher observation sheets and evaluation of student achievement. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive quantitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that in the first cycle there were 60% of students had finished learning. Meanwhile, as many as 40% of students have not finished learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the average score of students in the first cycle was 64, 1. Then in the second cycle, 80% of the students who had to achieve the passing score were obtained. Meanwhile, as many as 20% of students have not finished studying. Therefore, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student achievement, namely as much as 80% of students have achieved the success indicator, namely 75%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integration of the NHT model with Jigsaw can improve student achievement in building material for semester 2 in class V elementary school 2 Seren Academic Year 2019/2020.
Распознавание лиц с помощью нейронной сети
Authors: Жемейцев Д.А.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются основы автоматизации систем в различных отраслях производства. Благодаря машинному коду, человечество сумело открыть новые горизонты в информационной индустрии, тем самым обеспечив себе качественное выполнение работы за более короткие сроки. Искусственный интеллект обладает способностью самообучения, тем самымпозволяя подстраиваться под разные виды задач.
СЭД - Российская практика: история и перспективы развития
Authors: Трут М.К. , Перова М.В.
Published: June 2021

Данная статья посвящена актуальным направлениям внедрения систем электронного документооборота (СЭД) в российских организациях. Приводится мнения экспертов на примерах различных СЭД. Анализируются тенденции российского рынка СЭД.
Устройство колесной балансирной тележки с комбинированным приводом
Authors: Колтаков А.А. , Василенко А.В. , Леонов А.А. , Савинов И.А.
Published: June 2021

В статье представлено устройство и описан принцип работы новой колесной балансирной тележки с комбинированным приводом, которая позволяет минимизировать явление циркуляции мощности.
Советский и российский опыт атомного самолета
Authors: Гимбицкий В.А. , Гимбицкая Л.А.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с незавершенной проблемой атомного самолета. Выявлена и обоснована главная нерешенная задача полета летательного аппарата нового образца. На основе проведенного анализа авторами исследованы несколько вариантов решения проблемы: использование гидроаэродрома, разные компоновки двигателя, использование разных аэродинамических схем и компоновочных решений.
Оценка качества лекарственных препаратов различных производителей на примере Дибазола и Папаверина
Authors: Менжулов В.М. , Гладышева О.В.
Published: June 2021

В работе проведена оценка качества лекарственного препарата «Дибазол» производства фабрик «УралбиоФарм» и «МосФарм» и лекарственного препарата «Папаверин» производства фабрик «Фармстандарт» и «Медисорб». Определяли подлинность и количественное содержание активного вещества в исследуемых препаратах с помощью методов анализа качества лекарственных веществ. Результаты проведенной работы показали, что качество исследуемых препаратов «Дибазол» и «Папаверин» соответствуют стандарту качества лекарственных средств. Активное вещество, входившее в состав исследуемых препаратов, оказалось подлинным. Количественное содержание активного вещества в препаратах «Дибазол» и «Папаверин» производства различных фармацевтической фабрик соответствовало норме, и лишь содержание активного вещества в препарате «Дибазол» от фармацевтической фабрики «МосФарм» оказалось выше нормы.
The association between social support and medication adherence in patients with hypertension: A systematic review
Authors: Shahin Wejdan , Kennedy Gerard A. , Stupans Ieva
Published: June 2021

Background: Medication adherence is a primary determinant of treatment success in hypertensive patients. One of the challenges for healthcare providers that has received little attention is the impact of patients’ social supports on medication adherence.

Objective: This review evaluates the impact of patients’ social supports on medication adherence in hypertensive patients.

Methods: A systematic review methodology was used. Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched systematically for relevant articles. The outcome measure in the studies was medication adherence in hypertension.

Results: From 1155 articles, 238 were retained for further assessment, and finally, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant positive associations between medication adherence and social support were found in nine studies (p<0.05).

Conclusions: This review evaluated the impact of social support on medication adherence and highlighted gaps in the literature regarding the impact of social support on adherence. Family members or peer support may promote better adherence in some patient groups. This review suggests that healthcare providers may need to consider whether patients have appropriate social supports in place which will assist them adhering to and benefiting from treatment recommendations.
The economy battling Covid-19. A macroeconomic approach
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The chapter identifies the complexities of Covid-19’s impact on the economy. The empirical part presents and assesses initial reactions of inflation, industrial production, unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, and shifts in the GDP expenditure structure. Design/methodology/approach: Acomplete Keynesian macroeconomic model is used to outline how the negative shock hit the economies. The model shows potential implications of the use of reactive economic policy measures. Based on the model, the empirical part provides comparative analyses of reactions of four economies of the European Monetary Union (EMU) – namely France, Germany, Italy and Spain – two non-EMU economies of Hungary and Poland, and two major large open economies: the USA and Japan. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic has sent a universal, global shockwave with asymmetric outcomes in individual economies. Covid-19 hit all economies and struck both the demand side and – after ashort time lag – the supply side. Although interconnected, the economies have maintained notable structural differences and, therefore their autonomous reactions to negative demand and supply shocks were diverse. Practical implications: The complete macroeconomic Keynesian model allows for the conceptualization of the transmission of the Covid-19 shock on the economy’s supply and demand sides. The model is also a helpful tool in the analysis of the potential role of economic policy in reaction to the supply and demand shocks triggered by the pandemic. Originality and value: The empirical analyses unveil the eight economies’ differentiated reactions to similar counter-crisis policy measures. Their scale in all cases pushed the state back to the center of economic life. This structural shift requires attention and systematic theoretical and empirical studies.
International portfolio diversification during the Covid-19 onset: A study of correlations among CEE post-transition and developed countries
Authors: Śliwiński Paweł
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The chapter examines the hypothesis that during the Covid-19 onset, the higher positive correlations between stock exchange indices persist, preventing the use of international diversification to reduce the volatility of global portfolio. Design/methodology/approach: The study focuses on CEE post-transition countries and their main stock exchange indices’ correlations with developed markets stock exchange indices. The data cover the period starting from January 8, 2004, until the end of October, 2020. The bivariate relationship between stock indices and VIX was measured by the Pearson coefficient of correlation. Findings: The findings of correlations estimation in three periods (long-term, Covid-19 on-set, and recovery) indicate that except for a period of large volatility measured by the VIX index lower relationships between developed and emerging stock markets persist. However, the results of the study concerning the shaping of correlation between the stock indices and the global risk shows a significant negative relationship between them, approaching very high levels close to 1 during the Covid-19 onset. All the CEE stock exchanges – even those low correlated in the longer term – behaved very similarly during the stock exchange crunch with its epicenter in March 2020. Practical implications: The answer to the research questions concerning the shaping of correlations on international markets is important for the portfolio theory itself in its international aspect, but also from the viewpoint of its applicability in practice. Huge market synchronization in terms of comovements in stock indices is troubling. It significantly reduces or even eliminates the benefits of international diversification during market crashes.
Challenges for innovation cooperation in the biopharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Puślecki Łukasz
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This chapter seeks to verify the development of new partnerships and R&D alliances in the biopharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic, but also to present the related challenges for innovation cooperation. Design/methodology/approach: The main method applied in this research was scientific study, meaning that the study applied descriptive, comparative, documentation, and desk research methods, along with deductive and inductive forecasting. Findings: The text presents new partnerships undertaken by biopharma companies (in and outside the industry) in order to face the pandemic and to discover and deliver anew vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 to the market. Moreover, the chapter describes the research projects in the European Union focused on the Covid-19 pandemic defeating. Thanks to more flexible and open cooperation, companies will greatly support the possibility to defeat the Covid-19 pandemic faster. Practical Implications: We should consider that due to the current situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the cooperation of companies and all entities in the biopharmaceutical R&D innovation ecosystem is even more challenging than before. Moreover, we should remember that the organizational fluidity of open innovation initiatives and multiparty relations increases the complexity of alliance management. The use of an open innovation model can significantly hasten the production process of new drugs and vaccines. Originality and value: Biopharma-university alliances can significantly increase the likelihood of creating better medical therapies for patients. Results of such cooperation enable a number of innovative projects, given the significant pressure on innovativeness and challenges caused by the pandemic. Using the latest IT technologies will allow physicians to even better monitor, diagnose, and care for patients with afocus on the patient-centered approach.
The adoption of Industry 4.0 solutions as a remedy against the pandemic crisis– the case of Polish companies
Authors: Jankowska Barbara , Mińska-Struzik Ewa
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The authors aim to briefly present the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies among Polish companies in the realm of the VUCA world. These solutions may work as measures that increase the resilience of companies against the Covid-19 crisis and support the recovery in “the new normal” reality. Design/methodology/approach: The paper combines literature studies with an empirical investigation in the form of computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted among 400 Polish manufacturing companies. Findings: Polish industrial manufacturing firms lag in implementing I4.0 technologies compared to their Western European counterparts. Research limitations/implications: The empirical part of the study was conducted among Polish companies. Similar studies among firms from other CEE countries will be necessary to conclude about this part of the world’s readiness to adopt 4.0 technologies. Practical implications: The pandemic era and increasing I4.0 adoption pose particular tasks for companies. They should revise their contractual arrangements with IT service providers and focus on data privacy and security topics, but also industry-specific regulations. Triggered by the Covid-19 crisis, these actions may contribute to developing companies’ comprehensive digital strategy in the “new normal” reality. Originality and value: The chapter contributes to the discussion on the readiness of companies and economies to adopt the Industry 4.0 technologies. It also provides the level of the adoption of these solutions in the context of a post-transition economy.