bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UN OCIO SOSTENIBLE Y RESPONSABLE: LA PESCA MARÍTIMA RECREATIVA EN ESPAÑA
Authors: García Aganzo Lara , Tortajada Carbonell Lucía , Antaurco Chavez Adriana Celeste , Montagud Mengual Andrea
Published: July 2024

Recreational sea fishing is an important activity, both from a socio-economic and environmental point of view, as it is a source of wealth but also a threat to natural resources. For this reason, each autonomous community has developed a specific regulatory framework for its regulation, focusing on sustainability and the protection of marine resources. These regulations include restrictions on the volume of catches, the species permitted, and the prohibition of the commercialization of catches. The aim of this article is to provide an extensive comparison of some of them, showing their similarities and also their regulatory differences, as well as possible gaps and inconsistencies.
Occurrence of nematodes, Equinurbia sipunculiformis and Quilonia renniei in a wild male elephant: A case report
Authors: Sundar Bino , Sundar Bino , Ramanujadas Thirunagari , Kumar K. Rajesh , Bansilal Nishanth , Selvarayar Arunkumar , Sangaran A. , Latha Bhaskaran Ravi
Published: July 2024

The occurrence of the nematodes, Equinurbia sipunculiformis and Quilonia renniei in the intestinal tract of a six-year-old, free ranging male elephant (Elephas maximus) observed during necropsy is reported. The worms were collected in 10% formalin and processed. E. sipunculiformis worms were stout, males were shorter than females. A total of 65 worms were recovered out of which 45 were male worms and 20 were female worms. They had a characteristic head with a cuticular prominence and a sub globular cup shaped buccal capsule without teeth. The external leaf crown was characteristic projecting above the anterior end of the worm. The oesophagus was enlarged immediately behind the buccal capsule, then cylindrical, and gradually enlarged. Male worms had a well-developed bursa at the posterior end with equal, alate and ornamentated spicules with elongated lateral bursal lobes. Female worms had a tapered tail with a conical prominence and a vulval opening at its summit. Uterus was filled with thin shelled eggs. Q. renniei male worms were shorter in length than female worms. A total of 150 worms were recovered out of which 110 were male worms and 40 were female worms. Cuticular striations were observed. Mouth collar and buccal capsule were present. The external leaf crown projected beyond the surface of the head. Male worms had a well-developed bursa and spicules. The dorsal ray of the bursa was comparatively short. The lateral and ventral rays were slender. Female worms had a pointed tail. The vulva was situated at a distance from the tip of the tail. Uterus was filled with oval thin shelled eggs. Pathological findings included pale mucous membrane, anaemia and haemorrhagic enteritis. The present observations on the occurrence of nematode infection with E. sipunculiformis and Q. renniei will be important to map the status of nematodiasis in elephants in wild and to frame strategies for control of intestinal nematodiasis in wild elephants.
Numerical Simulation and Validation of Constructed Wetlands for Effluent Treatment in eastern China : An Evaluation of MIKE21 in Enhancing Water Purification Efficiency
Authors: Xiong Xing , Yang Shanrui , Zhang Junxiang , Chen Jiafan , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Qinghai
Published: July 2024

Constructed Wetlands for Effluent treatment (E-CW) play a vital role in the degradation of pollutants, purification of water, and the improvement of freshwater ecosystems. However, conventional designs often lack a methodical approach for quantifying the efficacy of these wetlands, as well as provide feedback on their operational efficiency. In this context, the use of hydrodynamic and water quality simulations facilitates the selection and arrangement of vegetation within these systems, thereby improving their efficiency. The present study utilized the MIKE21 Hydrodynamic (HD) module in conjunction with the ECO-Lab Water Quality (AD) module to perform a numerical simulation of the Yingtai Constructed Wetland for Effluent in Hai'an City. Accordingly, key parameters involved in effective water purification were calibrated and the system's ability to treat effluents from wastewater treatment facilities was assessed. The findings demonstrated significant removal efficiencies for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and ammonia (NH3-N), with average rates of 51.14%, 43.14%, 63.82%, and 54.38%, respectively. In addition, the simulations exhibited a high degree of accuracy, with hydrodynamic predictions deviating by less than 5% and water quality approximations by less than 15%. The quality of the treated water successfully met the standards set for Class IV surface water, in accordance with the relevant environmental regulations. Additionally, the constructed wetland system satisfactorily met the requirements for effluent purification. As observed, the use of numerical simulations can provide valuable guidelines for the future design and functional assessment of wetlands by offering crucial insights that aid in the optimization of purification processes and vegetation selection.
Response of Portulaca olearacea and its rhizospheric microbiome to the application of slumgum from beekeeping industry transformed with Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Carrascosa Angel , Pascual Jose Antonio , Cuartero Jessica , García-Romera Inmaculada , Silva-Castro Gloria Andrea , De Santiago Ana , Ros Margarita , Petropoulos Spyridon Alexandros , Alguacil Maria del Mar
Published: July 2024

In the beekeeping industry, “slumgum” is generated as a solid organic waste during the beeswax-rendering process from old scraped honeycombs. This bio-waste could be considered as a novel organic fertilizer due to its high content in organic matter and nutrients. As a novelty in this study, we analysed the effect of application of solid and liquid slumgum transformed or not with Penicillium chrysogenum on purslane (Portulaca oleracea) yield and its relationship with soil rhizosphere. For this purpose, nutritional composition, enzymatic activities involved in the P, N and C cycles, fungal and bacterial community composition, diversity and potential functionality in the rhizosphere were measured. The application of solid and liquid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum (TS and TL, respectively) and slumgum liquid (L) significantly increased purslane shoot biomass and foliar P content, compared to the non-transformed solid slumgum (S). The different types of slumgum tested resulted in changes in the composition of both bacteria and fungi communities, resulting in distinct communities for each treatment. Moreover, changes in the functional fungal guilds were observed, with increased abundances of saprotrophs and reduced number of plant pathogens under the TS, TL, and L treatments. Solid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum (TS) was also the most effective in enhancing enzymatic activities related with C, N and P cycles in the rhizosphere. Conversely, the use of solid slumgum (S) led to an increase in the abundance of bacterial genes primarily associated with the denitrification process. Our preliminary results suggest that solid and liquid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum, as well as liquid non-transformed slumgum (TS, TL, and L, respectively), could be considered as novel organic fertilizers, amendments or additives within the circular economy context and the sustainable use of natural resources. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to validate the positive outcomes observed, particularly under field conditions and with a variety of species.
Self-assembled polyelectrolytes with ion-sieving accelerating channels for highly stable Zn-ion batteries
Authors: He Guanjie , Hu Xueying , Dong Haobo , Wang Tianlei , He Hongzhen , Gao Xuan , Dai Yuhang , Liu Yiyang , Gao Nan , Brett Dan , Parkin Ivan
Published: July 2024

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their abundance, safety, and lower environmental impact. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and uncontrolled diffusion of Zn2+ and SO42- ions lead to the dendrite formation and side reactions, which hinder their practical application by forming a non-conductive layer on the Zn anode. This layer impedes the ion transport and electron flow, reducing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) for the Zn nucleation. Here, to simultaneously regulate the diffusion of H+, Zn2+, and SO42- in the electrolyte, an ion-sieving accelerating channel was constructed to unify the Zn deposition by introducing an eco-friendly layer-by-layer self-assembly of a flocculant poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and its tautomer poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The dual-ion channels, created by strong electrostatic interactions between carboxylate anions (COO⁻) and ammonia cations (NH₃⁺), promote the uniform Zn deposition along the (002) plane, exhibiting a CE of 99.8% after 1600 cycles in the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell. With the facile fabrication of the layer-by-layer self-assembled Zn anode, an Ah-level pouch cell (17.36 Ah) with a high mass loading (> 8 mg cm⁻²) demonstrated exceptional performance, retaining a capacity of 93.6% for at least 250 cycles at 1.7 C. This research offers a universal strategy for optimizing electrode mechanisms and advancing the manufacturing process of eco-friendly, high-performance aqueous batteries.
Freezing changes the values of turbidity
Authors: Poratti Samantha , Tronstad Lusha M
Published: July 2024

Turbidity is a common measure to evaluate the clarity of wetlands, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. We lack information on whether turbidity samples collected from the field are viable after freezing and thawing. Our goal is to understand the degree to which freezing and thawing water samples alters the value of turbidity compared to fresh samples. Water samples from wetlands, and streams near Laramie, Wyoming were collected during May 2023. We collected paired samples by comparing turbidity values of freshly collected water to samples that were frozen prior to analysis. Fresh and frozen turbidity measurements differed. Freezing altered particle stability causing aggregation or degradation, potentially explaining why some values increased and others decreased compared to fresh samples. Our findings suggest that freezing water samples prior to turbidity analysis will result in inaccurate measurements and is not recommended.
Minimally invasive internal fixation of Sanders Ⅳ calcaneal fractures using tarsal sinus plate and cannulated screw
Authors: Lin Jiandong , Jia Zhaofeng , Hu Xinjia
Published: July 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of combining tarsal sinus plates with cannulated screw-based minimally invasive internal fixation for the management of Sanders type IV calcaneal fractures.
Methods
Between January 2019 and July 2023, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 cases involving Sanders type IV calcaneal fractures treated by our medical team. The treatment approach involved the utilization of tarsal sinus plates in conjunction with minimally invasive internal fixation using cannulated screws. Among the cases analyzed, there were 16 males and 16 females, with an average age of 34.5 years (ranging from 21 to 50 years). We observed and recorded key parameters, including operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, preoperative and immediate postoperative calcaneal width, calcaneal Bohler angle, and Gissane angle. Additionally, we conducted a review and documented the healing progress six months postoperatively. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) before the procedure and at the final follow-up, while foot function was evaluated using the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) Ankle Hindfoot Scale.
Results
The mean operative time for the 32 patients was 100.5 min (ranging from 62 to 144 min), with an average blood loss of 80 ml (ranging from 61 to 110 ml). Importantly, all fractures achieved union, with a 100% success rate, and no adverse complications were recorded. Postoperative X-ray imaging revealed statistically significant improvements in calcaneal width, Bohler angle, and Gissane angle compared to preoperative measurements (P < 0.05). All patients were subject to follow-up assessments, with the average follow-up duration being 18 months (ranging from 12 to 24 months). At the final follow-up, patients reported a notably lower VAS pain score of 1.3 ± 0.2 points, a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) when compared to preoperative values. Furthermore, the average AOFAS score at this stage was 84.4 ± 6.3 points, also demonstrating a statistically significant improvement compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Combining tarsal sinus plates with cannulated screw-based minimally invasive internal fixation is an effective treatment modality for Sanders type IV calcaneal fractures. This approach offers several advantages, including minimal trauma, a low risk of postoperative infection, reduced likelihood of soft tissue necrosis in the skin flap, superior fracture reduction and fixation, expedited functional recovery, and a reduced incidence of postoperative complications.
Outcome of Infective Endocarditis and Concomitant Procedures in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Jobeir Basel , De Vol Abdelkarim , Alanazi Ziyad , Galzerano Domenico , Jobeir Anas , Alsanei Aly , Fadel Bahaa , Alamri Mohammed , AlHalees Zohair , Khaliel Feras
Published: July 2024

Background
The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients undergoing redo mitral valve (MV) surgery was evaluated, and the outcomes of all patients who underwent redo MV surgery were analyzed.
Method
This was a retrospective review with prospective follow-up of electronic medical records from patients admitted for redo MV surgery at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2009 to 2019.
Result
A total of 211 patients underwent redo MV surgery, 41 of whom (19.4%) had IE. In 51% of patients, IE developed after the initial MV surgery. MV stenosis was moderate/severe in 50 patients, while moderate/severe MV regurgitation was present in 89 patients. Factors influencing mortality included age, peripheral vascular disease, concomitant PVD procedures, red blood cell transfusions, preoperative mechanical valves, and active IE. Cardiac events were the leading cause of mortality (69.4%), followed by sepsis and brain-related causes.
Conclusion
While redo MV surgery has acceptable outcomes, the presence of IE, PVD, and concomitant procedures is a significant complication in these patients. Our study highlights the need for careful patient management and more in-depth research in this area.
Enhancing Orthogonal Finishing Machining of Ti6Al4V with Laser Modified Tools
Authors: Kneubühler Fabian , Zhang Nanyuan , Haudenschild Livia , Klippel Hagen , Putzer Matthias , Kuffa Michal , Wegener Konrad
Published: July 2024

Finishing machining of Ti6Al4V, known for its high strength and heat conduction resistance, demands optimisation to achieve high-quality end products. This study explores modifying the chip contact length on the rake face and altering the flank face with a cavity to minimise process forces and temperatures, while maintaining cutting edge integrity. The research validates the manufacturability of laser-modified tools through ultra-short pulsed laser ablation, indicating potential for industrial scale-up. Extensive experimental evaluations under dry conditions assess the impact of tool modifications at various feed rates for planing and turning. Significant reductions in process forces and temperatures were observed with rake face modifications, particularly at a cavity distance of approximately \qty{34}{\micro\meter}. Ideal performance was noted for feed rates between \qtyrange[range-units=single]{0.035}{0.045}{\milli\meter} for planing and \qtyrange[range-units=single]{0.040}{0.045}{\milli\meter}/rev for turning. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations employing a Johnson-Cook material model were used to analyse chip formation and to predict the process forces. These simulations revealed a clear change in the chip formation and lower process forces and temperatures. The SPH results closely matched experimental outcomes, with a discrepancy of less than \qty{7}{\percent} in cutting forces for both tool types, although feed forces were underestimated by about \qty{50}{\percent}. The effect o the tool modification is reflected accurately at the specified feeds.
Trends in Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria following Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Administration in Nouna, Burkina Faso
Authors: Gebreegziabher Elisabeth , Ouattara Mamadou , Bountogo Mamadou , Coulibaly Boubacar , Boudo Valentin , Ouedraogo Thierry , Lebas Elodie , Hu Huiyu , Glidden David , Arnold Benjamin , Lietman Thomas , Sié Ali , Oldenburg Catherine
Published: July 2024

Objective: To assess the ongoing population-level impact of Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) under routine program conditions by evaluating uncomplicated and severe malaria rates following the four rounds of SMC administration.
Methods: We used data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 285 villages in Nouna District, Burkina Faso, surveillance data of clinic visits and National Malaria Control Program data on SMC administration to calculate the malaria rates for each epidemiological week in 2021 for each health post in the study area. Negative binomial regression models were used with person-time used as offset and standard errors clustered by health post to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and rate differences estimating changes in diagnoses.
Results: Although SMC was administered during malaria peak weeks, both uncomplicated and severe malaria rates were high through December, after the fourth/last round of SMC. There was substantial reduction in infection rates in the 3 weeks post SMC, with a slight increase in rates around the 3rd week. Uncomplicated malaria rates were lower by 36%, 95%CI (24% - 45%), 37% (27% - 45%) and 23% (12% - 33%) in the first, second and third week after administration, respectively. Severe malaria rates lowered by 41% (14%-59%), 51% (32%-65%) and 25% (5%-40%) in the three weeks post-administration.
Conclusion: Under routine program conditions, at the population level, SMC administration was associated with substantial reduction in uncomplicated and severe malaria but only in the immediate weeks post-administration. Assessment of local epidemiology and extension of the areas in which 5 rounds are distributed may be needed to effectively prevent malaria infections in areas with a longer transmission season.
Radicality and Safety of Total Mesopancreatic Excision in Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Silva Luís F. Leite da , Belotto Marcos , Almeida Luiz F. Costa , Samuel Júnior , Pereira Leonardo H. , Albagli Rafael Oliveira , Araujo Marcelo Sa , Ramia Jose M.
Published: July 2024

Background:Pancreatic head cancer patients who undergo pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) often experience disease recurrence, frequently associated with a positive margin status (R1). Total mesopancreas excision (TMpE) has emerged as a potential approach to increase surgical radicality and minimize locoregional recurrence. However, its effectiveness and safety remain under evaluation.
Methods:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize current evidence on TMpE outcomes. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to March 2024 to identify studies comparing TMpE with standard pancreatoduodenectomy (sPD). The risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) was pooled using a random effects model.
Results:From 452 studies identified, 9 studies with a total of 738 patients were included, with 361 (49%) undergoing TMpE. TMpE significantly improved the R0 resection rate (RR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11-1.38; P < 0.05), reduced blood loss (MD -143.70; 95% CI -247.92, -39.49; P < 0.05), and increased lymph node harvest (MD 7.27; 95% CI 4.81, 9.73; P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in hospital stay, postoperative complications, or mortality between TMpE and sPD. TMpE also significantly reduced overall recurrence (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.35-0.81; P < 0.05) and local recurrence (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.24-0.63; P < 0.05). Additionally, the risk of pancreatic fistula was lower in the TMpE group (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.52-0.85; P < 0.05).
Conclusion:Total mesopancreas excision significantly increases the R0 resection rate and reduces locoregional recurrence while maintaining an acceptable safety profile when compared with standard pancreatoduodenectomy. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted to determine the optimal surgical approach for total mesopancreatic resection.
Impact of Fellowship Training on Surgical Efficiency in Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment: A Comparative Analysis of Fellows and Fellowship-Trained Surgeons
Authors: Brown Conner , Lorber Amitay , Boyarsky Leonid , Duvdevani Mordechai
Published: July 2024

Introduction
As retrograde laser lithotripsy for nephrolithiasis has grown in prevalence, concerns over the associated increased intrarenal pressure (IIRP) and heat have arisen. Our study aims to show fellowship training produces more efficient surgeons with less OR time and laser energy usage, leading to increased patient safety.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1833 patients who underwent RIRS, ureteroscopy, or both with laser lithotripsy. Procedures were performed by fellows or fellowship trained surgeons. Pertinent patient, stone and operation parameters were recorded, and statistical analysis was then performed.
Results
Stone characteristics revealed no significant differences between cases performed by fellows and fellowship-trained surgeons. Surgical duration and total OR time were significantly higher in the fellow arm in both rigid and flexible subgroups. Fellowship training was associated with lower laser energy density (Joules/mm3 of stone) during rigid URS, but not the flexible subgroup.
Discussion
Multiple studies have reported the adverse effects of IIRP and intrarenal/intraureteral heat during laser lithotripsy. Our study demonstrates fellowship training results in less intraoperative time in both URS and RIRS, reducing the time renal tissue is exposed to IIRP and heat. We also demonstrated that less energy density was applied by fellowship trained endourologist during rigid URS, a marker of efficiency. These factors represent an overall benefit to patients.
Conclusion
The increased usage retrograde laser lithotripsy has resulted in an associated rise in intrarenal pressure and heat. Fellowship training is associated with decreased OR time and decreased laser energy density application during rigid ureteroscopy.
No evidence of interaction between FADS2 genotype and breastfeeding on cognitive or other traits in the UK Biobank
Authors: Centorame Giulio , Warrington Nicole M. , Hemani Gibran , Wang Geng , Smith George Davey , Evans David M.
Published: July 2024

Breastfeeding is hypothesised to benefit child health and cognitive functioning by providing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are essential for brain development. In 2007, Caspi et al. found evidence in two cohorts for an interaction between genetic variation in the FADS2 gene (a gene involved in fatty acid metabolism) and breast feeding on IQ. However, subsequent studies have provided mixed evidence for the existence of an interaction. We investigated the relationship between genetic variation in the FADS2 region, breastfeeding, and their interaction in up to 335,650 individuals from the UK Biobank. We tested for the interaction over a range of cognitive functioning tests, as well as educational attainment and ot her traits thought to be influenced by breastfeeding, including cardiometabolic traits, reproductive success, and atopic allergy. FADS2 alleles associated with an increase in docosahexaenoic acid in blood serum (the C allele of rs174575) were associated with
decreased verbal-numerical reasoning ( p=2.28× 10− 5) and triglycerides ( p=1.40× 10− 41), in creased reproductive success ( p=3.40× 10− 5), total cholesterol ( p=5.28× 10− 36), HDL ( p=1.42× 10− 51), and LDL cholesterol ( p=1.46× 10− 21). We observed no evidence of an interaction in any of the traits, regardless of the modelling strategy on any cognitive or non- cognitive traits. We postulate that the previous positive findings are likely to be spurious, perhaps due to lack of appropriate control for latent population structure.
Comparison of experiments and simulation data through the installation of an internal heating tube in a bushing
Authors: Shin Yoon Hoo , Ryu Choong-Mo , Hwang Jong Jin , Moon Seung Jae
Published: July 2024

This study aims to enhance the ion implanter performance by developing an innovative heating tube integrated within the bushing to improve temperature control. Gases such as PH3, AsH3, BF3, and GeF4 are ionized applying a high voltage of up to 80 kV in ion implanters. An ion beam is extracted from an electrode. Residual gases tend to be deposited inside the bushing when a bushing is operated at relatively low temperatures. The leakage current flows through the bushing owing to the deposited residual gas layer. This results in arcing due to potential differences. To address this issue, our approach involves designing and implementing a heating tube within the bushing, accompanied by the injection of a heating liquid to raise the temperature. The proposed heating system aims to prevent gas deposition and enhance the efficiency of the deposition process. The effectiveness of this solution is evaluated through a combination of experiments and simulations using a computational fluid dynamics software. Experimental results agree well with those of the simulation. Through these integrated experimental and simulation studies, we anticipate a significant enhancement in deposition process efficiency. The findings contribute valuable insights into optimizing ion implanter performance and reducing the need for frequent bushing replacements.
Seismic moment deficit and hazard assessment of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Zhang Meng , Pan Hua
Published: July 2024

The largest earthquake ever recorded on land, the Assam Mw8.6 earthquake, occurred in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS), which has caused great concern regarding seismic hazard in this region. The seismic potential of the major faults in the EHS was evaluated by comparing the accumulation and release of seismic moments. First, constrained by the latest long-term global positioning system (GPS) measurements, the slip rates and locking depths of major faults in the EHS were calculated using a three-dimensional (3D) elastic block model. Second, the seismic moment release of the major faults in the EHS from 1800 to 2022 was estimated using an earthquake catalog. The results show that the seismic moment deficit of the western and eastern Bhutan and Assam segments of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) are 2.6 × 10 21, 2.0 × 10 21 and 7.5 × 10 20 N · m, which are equivalent to seismic moments of Mw 8.3, 8.2 and 7.9, respectively. The MHT remains a major source of future seismic hazards in the EHS. In addition, the Jiali Fault and Naga Thrust were capable of generating earthquakes of Mw 7.4. This study also shows that if the seismicity of the MHT follows the Gutenberg–Richter (GR) law, the recurrence period of the Assam earthquake is approximately 2100 year.
Rare cell-based liquid biopsy for improved measurement of low-grade chronic inflammation
Authors: Schreier Stefan , Budchart Prapaphan , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Lertsithichai Panuwat , Triampo Wannapong
Published: July 2024

Objectives and design: Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of chronic diseases. More sensitive tools for chronic low-grade inflammation detection are needed and herein presented as a prove of concept. The proposed improvement involves investigating inflammation-induced stress imposed on hematopoietic cells and their production, focusing on highly sensitive compensatory mechanisms that address consequential imbalances in red blood cell and platelet concentrations. Such mechanisms involve the generation or release of blood circulating rare immature cell types.
Methods: A cell-based liquid biopsy platform, using negative selection, was used to detect these circulating rare cells in comprehension, allowing simultaneous analysis of an immature cell panel from one sample. The concentration ranges under physiological conditions for each marker was evaluated on a self-reported healthy control cohort and prospectively tested on three individuals undergoing various interventions; one afflicted with early-stage breast cancer, another with atherosclerosis in follow up and a third healthy individual with cardiovascular disease risk.
Results: The approach effectively identified rare cellular abnormalities in asymptomatic individuals who exhibited no abnormalities in their complete blood counts. This condition was designated as silent inflammation (SI).
Conclusions: The detection of SI proved valuable in aiding inflammation differential diagnosis and for monitoring the response to interventions in all three subjects.
Association between CD103 and E-cadherin Immunoexpression with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yantisetiasti Anglita , Rej Henny Sri , Suryanti Sri , Dewayani Birgitta Maria , Winarno Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan , Kireina Jessica , Chandra Anita Riau , Mantilidewi Kemala Isnainiasih , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Susiarno Hadi
Published: July 2024

Background
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). One important predictor of LN metastasis is lymphocytic inflammatory reaction, which may be indicated by infiltration of CD103 + CD8 + T cells. CD103 will bind to its ligand, E-cadherin which causes enhancement of CD8 + T cells cytotoxic function against tumor cells. This study aims to examine the relationship between CD103 and E-cadherin immunoexpression with pelvic LN metastases in cervical SCC.
Methods
A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical SCC of the patients who underwent hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy between 2013 and 2018 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung were analyzed. Twenty FFPE with LN metastasis were analyzed and equal number of control were compared. All samples were immunostained with CD103 and E-cadherin and immunoexpression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Smirnov and Chi-square. The p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
This study showed a significant association between CD103 immunoexpression and pelvic LN metastases (p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between E-cadherin immunoexpression and pelvic LN metastases (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study revealed that CD103 immunoexpression in cervical SCC is associated with pelvic LN metastases in cervical SCC by a mechanism that may not require E-cadherin expression.
Analysis and Design of a GHz Bandwidth Adaptive Bias Circuit for an mmW Doherty Amplifier
Authors: Elgaard Christian , Sjoland Henrik
Published: July 2024

This paper derives theoretical results for adaptive bias in Doherty amplifiers and presents the design and measurements of an integrated adaptive bias circuit tailored for high peak-to-average high bandwidth signals. Fundamental equations for output power, impedance, and efficiency of the complete Doherty amplifier are derived. Even with ideal transistor models, the Doherty amplifier is fundamentally nonlinear due to saturation of the main amplifier and class-C nonlinearity of the auxiliary. Increasing the transconductance of the auxiliary amplifier mitigates the distortion. Adaptive bias offers the possibility to control the output current characteristic of the auxiliary amplifier. This means that adaptive bias linearises and mitigates the need for an oversized auxiliary amplifier. Both methods, transconductance scaling and adaptive bias, are analysed and compared as well as having a band limited adaptive bias signal. The design of a multiple GHz bandwidth adaptive bias circuit is presented. To verify the circuit design and the theoretical predictions, an mmW Doherty amplifier in 22 nm CMOS-FD-SOI, utilizing the presented adaptive bias circuit, is measured and compared with and without adaptive bias. Comparison is conducted both using continuous-wave and modulated high bandwidth signals. Measured results confirm the predicted improvements by the adaptive bias as derived by the theoretical analysis.
Ongoing Excess Hospitalizations for Severe Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Disease
Authors: Schöbi Nina , Duppenthaler Andrea , Horn Matthias , Bartenstein Andreas , Keitel Kristina , Kopp Matthias V , Agyeman Philipp KA , Aebi Christoph
Published: July 2024

Objectives
A major, Europe-wide outbreak of invasive pediatric Group A streptococcal infections (iGAS) began in late fall 2022. Here we report the evolution of GAS hospitalizations in children and adolescents during the second outbreak year in 2023-2024 at a tertiary care pediatric center in Bern, Switzerland.
Methods
Ongoing prospective monitoring of all in-patient cases below 16 years of age of GAS infections including those fulfilling the iGAS criteria. We compared case frequencies and clinical characteristics of GAS hospitalizations in 3 periods including the prepandemic years 2013-2020, the first (2022-2023) and the second outbreak year (2023-2024), respectively. In-patient surveillance for respiratory viruses consisted of panel diagnostics in nasopharyngeal specimens of all patients admitted for acute respiratory tract disease.
Results
Annual GAS hospitalizations increased from a median of 25 case (range 11-28) in 2013-2020 to 89 and 57 cases in the epidemiologic years 2022-2023 and 2023-2024, respectively. iGAS cases evolved similarly (2013-2020, median 4 cases, range 3-8; 2022-2023, 32 cases; 2023-2024, 19 cases). The decline in cases from 2022-2023 to 2023-2024 included all types of GAS organ involvement except complicated suppurative infections in the head area, which remained largely unchanged (48 vs. 42 cases). Pleural empyema and bacteremic pneumonia declined from 13 to 6 cases, possibly explained by a poor overlap of the GAS and influenza curves in 2023-2024 compared to 2022-2023.
Conclusion
We present evidence for the prolongation of the GAS outbreak into its second winter season in 2023-2024, however with substantial a decline of iGAS, pleural empyema, skin and soft tissue infection and infections of bone, joint and muscle.
Climate change effects on Peruvian Lomas plant distribution
Authors: Vivar Sofia Flores , Bracke Sarah , Haesen Stef , Meerbeek Koenraad Van
Published: July 2024

The Lomas ecosystem, situated along the arid coast of Peru, is a key refuge for biodiversity. Lomas vegetation has evolved diverse adaptive mechanisms to thrive in this unique environment, strongly influenced by fog masses during winter months while allowing vegetation growth in the dry season. However, climate change poses a threat to this fragile ecosystem. Despite species’ resilience to drought, changing rainfall patterns and soil moisture reduction from aridification have led to population declines in recent decades, affecting various taxa. Understanding changes in habitat suitability and species distribution is crucial for mitigating increased extinction risks due to climate change. Urgent research is needed to comprehend these impacts on Peruvian Lomas, especially amidst urbanization and population growth, threatening their survival. In this study, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) predicted Lomas plant species distribution within the Andes and Lomas regions under two future (SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0) scenarios. Both regions were expected to experience declines in habitat suitability, with Lomas being the most vulnerable, particularly under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. Endemic species were anticipated to migrate upslope, utilizing their unique adaptations, while non-endemic species might move downslope. High-elevation species were projected to undergo larger range shifts, while low-elevation species could face more pronounced habitat alterations, influenced by key traits and vegetation interactions. Due to the discontinuous distribution of Lomas systems along the coast, certain species already face threats that could alter these responses in the future. Urgent conservation efforts are necessary to mitigate habitat loss and fragmentation’s impacts on vulnerable plant species, especially with increasing urbanization and desertification in the region.
Fishery, growth, and mortality of threatened Asian Sunfish, Horabagrus brachysoma (Gu¨nther 1864) in five rivers of Western Ghats hotspot, India
Authors: Renjithkumar Chelapurath Radhakrishnan , Roshni Kuttanelloor
Published: July 2024

Community-based data monitoring (CBM) systems in small-scale inland fisheries provide insights into the catch patterns of diverse fish species over extended periods. In this study, a participatory approach was employed to ascertain the fishery, demography, and exploitation patterns of Asian Sun fish catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma, across five river systems within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. H. brachysoma (Gu¨nther 1864) is a commercially important food fish that is heavily exploited from rivers of Kerala state, India and is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN red list. The monthly catches of this species from various landing centres across the Western Ghats' rivers varied between 303 kg to 631 kg annually. These fish typically measured between 11.00 and 41.10 cm in Total Length (TL) and weighed between 26.00 g to 470.00 g in Total Weight (TW). Using the annual length frequency data provided by local fishers, the estimated growth parameters of H. brachysoma are estimated as; asymptotic length ((L∞) between 316.05 and 421.05 mm, growth coefficient (K) between 0.58 and 1.10 yr− 1 from different rivers. The total mortality (Z) was calculated to range between1.25 yr− 1 and 2.91 yr− 1 while the fishing mortality (F) was estimated between 0.62 yr− 1 and 2.09 yr− 1. The fishing mortality rate of H. brachysoma in the Periyar River, at 2.09 yr⁻¹, appears to be one of the highest recorded for this species. This rate suggests a potentially indiscriminate level of exploitation by local fishers in this area. The calculated exploitation rate (E) ranging from 0.49 to 0.72 yr⁻¹ exceeds the anticipated optimum exploitation levels (0.5). This suggests that the populations of H. brachysoma in the river systems of the Western Ghats are experiencing overexploitation. This approach includes measures such as implementing fishing closures during spawning seasons, imposing restrictions on mesh sizes, non-fishing zones and establishing quota systems for local fishermen. These strategies collectively aim to promote sustainable practices and preserve the population of H. brachysoma.
Synthesis of Fingolimod Loaded Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles and Investigation of Efficacy on Membrane Damage Induced Human U- 87 MG Glioma Cell
Authors: PENCECI Buse , CAKIR Rabia
Published: July 2024

The most common demyelinating disease is multiple sclerosis, and for the disease for which there is no curative treatment, there are only treatments used to reduce the frequency of attacks and symptoms. Fingolimod, one of the most important of these, is an immunomodulatory drug that acts as a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor regulator and has many side effects. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are modified as desired and given to the body, the dose and release time can be controlled. Sodium alginate is a biocompatible polysaccharide and preferred in nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery systems. It is aimed to encapsulation of fingolimod in alginate nanoparticles to reduce side effects and increase its effectiveness on membrane damage induced Human U-87 MG Glioma Cells. Nanoparticles with an average size of 106 nm were obtained by encapsulating Fingolimod with sodium alginate polymer and characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scannig Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microcope (AFM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Membrane damage was induced using lysophosphatidylcholine on the U-87 MG cell line. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of Fingolimod loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles on cells, cytotoxicity, neuroproliferative effect, neuroregenerativeness and neuroprotectivity analysis, apoptotic effect, cell migration, and cellular uptake were demonstrated. Within the scope of the study, the effectiveness of Fingolimod loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles, which have not been studied before in the literature, were examined and it was concluded that in addition to the limited symptomatic effects of Fingolimod mentioned in the literature, it also showed neuroregenerative, neuroprotective and neuroproliferative effects at the cellular level. This efficiency of Fingolimod has been increased by encapsulation of sodium alginate nanoparticles and has been studied at a level that can be a basis for future studies.
Visualizing Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence: Localizing Model Feature Impacts
Authors: Sultan Youssef , Hammad Mohammad , Lester Kelly
Published: July 2024

SHAP values have been a common approach used to understand machine learning model predictions by averaging the marginal contributions of each feature across every possible permutation of the feature set \cite{lundberg2017unified}. Our research provides a localized view of SHAP values contributing to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the United States from 2012 - 2021 covering each year independently. Instead of visualizing SHAP feature importance across an entire geographical dataset using a beeswarm plot, our approach is more granular. We visualize individual SHAP values of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) features by county on a Choropleth map. Additionally, we found that replacing geographic identifiers such as zipcode with precise latitude and longitude coordinates before applying KNN imputation reduced the MSE by 10\%. Our visualization reveals how specific factors influence T2D prevalence at the county level using a non-linear machine learning model. By re-appending the initially preserved geographic identifiers for each record by index, we traced the contribution of each SHAP value back to its locality. Our approach opens up a new geographical vantage point of the mechanisms of model predictions, thereby identifying localized key factors influencing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study extends the possibilities for tailored interventions and public health policies showing how some factors have varying predictive impact on an outcome at the geographic level.
Mining differential gene expression in Fagus crenata seedlings in response to short-term soil drought stress
Authors: Torimaru Takeshi , Ao Hinako , Akaji Yasuaki , Akada Shinji , Yasunori Ohmiya , Matsuda Yousuke , Kisanuki Hiromitsu , Tomaru Nobuhiro
Published: July 2024

Despite concern about the stress drought imposes on tree species under a warming climate, their molecular responses to drought stress have not been well-documented. We analyzed the transcriptional response of seedling leaves after exposure to short-term drought stress in Fagus crenata. After well-watered and water-stressed treatments, we mapped the RNA-seq reads derived from sampled leaves and identified 127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 89 were up- and 38 down-regulated in water-stressed plants. Several dozen up-regulated DEGs were predicted to encode proteins that would facilitate mitigating processes or avoid the adverse effects caused by drought stress, including stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and response, and osmoprotectants. The evidence of down-regulation in several genes in response to drought stress was in accordance with the results of a literature survey. The functional category of sulfate assimilation was enriched in up-regulated DEGs, although there was also evidence of sulfur deficiency in the DEGs. These results suggest the existence of molecular mechanisms in beech that are common in other plant species, representing an acclimation response to drought stress as well as sulfur metabolism under drought stress conditions. This information provides the basis for further species-specific functional genomic research within the context of a warming climate.
A simultaneous post-LASIK sequential bilateral implantation of multifocal IOLs aimed at refraction correction. A clinical case
Authors: Eskina E. N. , Belogurova A. V. , Fisenko A. I.
Published: July 2024

The article presents a clinical example of intraocular presbyopia correction in a patient who previously underwent laser vision correction by LASIK for mild myopia. Before the surgery, the distance VA mono- and binocular was 1.0, ADD for reading distance 40 cm +2.0 D, objective refraction sph +0.5 D cyl -0.25 D ax 980, left eye sph +0.75 D cyl -0.25 D ax 660.  The patient was given a simultaneous bilateral refractive lens exchange with an implantation of a trifocal aspheric intraocular lens in the right eye and a trifocal toric aspheric intraocular lens in the left eye. We used the following IOL calculation formulas: ASCRS mean IOL power, Shammas formula, Barrett true K formula, Masket formula, Modified Masket formula, Haigis-L formula. 1 week postop: UDVA OU = 1.0, UNVA 40 cm = 1.0, UVA 70 cm = 0.7. The objective refraction OD was sph +0.0, D cyl -0.75 D ax 163, OS sph +0.25 D, cyl -0.0 D. The compliance with the modified algorithms of pre-and intraoperative behavior of the operating team, thorough preparation of the patient, careful calculation of the IOL allowed us to obtain the predictive refractive result with a high level of visual satisfaction and absence of undesirable postoperative phenomena. The patient underwent the examination with Salzburg reading desk before and after the surgery, to confirm the excellent functional results of the treatment. Despite the fact that simultaneous same day IOL implantation in both eyes, especially in eyes with previously operated corneas, is still disputable, the above case confirms that with modern equipment, precise multi formula calculation, and ample experience help achieve excellent functional and refractive results.
Mucormycosis as a complication of COVID-19 coronavirus infection: eye symptoms
Authors: Babushkin A. E. , Gilemzianova L. I. , Ponomarev I. P.
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 causes an immunosuppressive condition and increases the risk of secondary infections, including fungal diseases such as mucormycosis (MM), so doctors should be aware of the possibility of MM development in COVID-19 patients. Since no specific complaints or clinical symptoms exist and the disease is rare, especially in developed countries with a moderate climate, it is often impossible to diagnose MM at the initial examination. Therefore, the detection of the pathogen (mycelium zygomycetes) plays a key role in the diagnosis. Over 70 % of MM patients experience eye damages. According to the literature, the most common manifestations thereof are blepharoptosis, ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos, injection and conjunctival chemosis. Quite often, the patients have eye pains, orbital cellulitis or phlegmon of the orbit, accompanied by a decrease in vision. For the effective treatment of this severe infectious COVID-19 complication, which takes the form of deep and aggressive mycosis, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The complex treatment should make use of antimycotic agents and symptomatic therapy, and, essentially, surgical rehabilitation of infection foci by removing the affected necrotic tissues. The prognosis is always very serious.