Evaluation of FOXP3 and IL10 as immunosuppressant markers in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia patients in Iraq
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Mohammed Zainab Jasim , Zughair Maha Kalaf ,   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Humoud Majid Noori ,   Department of Pathology Analyses, College of Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Ali Sadeq K. ,   Department of Hematopathology, AL-Zahraa College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Background. Increased FOXP3+ Treg levels in the TME were positively correlated with a worse prognosis in certain cancer patients. FOXP3 was significantly overexpressed in pediatric B-ALL patients, and this overexpression was associated with a worse prognosis and increased risk of disease relapse. It is unknown if children that have the condition would have different prenatal immune development. This study investigates the relationship between IL10, and immunological development in pediatric ALL. Methods. The 70 blood samples from children between the ages of 2 and 14 for both sexes were obtained from patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, this study comprised 54 healthy controls. Included in this study, FOXP3 expression on leukemic blast cells were assessed using flow cytometry. And IL10 were assessed using ELISA test. Results. Increase of FOXP3 cells was noticed in children with ALL compared to healthy individuals with significant increase of FOXP3 (mean ± SD, 91.156 ± 12.255 vs. 14.88 ± 7.897pg/ml (p <0.05). In light of these findings, significant differences in the levels of FOXP3, which was higher in consolidation than induction stage of chemotherapy (mean ± SD, 91.24± 11.078vs. 86.35±5. 16.66) pg/ml (p <0.05). Additionally, it was found that the prevalence of lymphoblast that express FOXP3 was notably higher in the HR group in contrast to the SR group (mean ± SD, 95.52± 5.79 vs. 42.88± 31.38) pg/ml (p <0.05). Following these findings, significant differences in the levels of FOXP3 was higher in relapse than new diagnosis chemotherapy stage (mean ± SD, 95.66± 5.167 vs. 91.035±5. 13.177) pg/ml (p<0.05). On the other hand, children with ALL were also found to have significantly higher levels of IL10 in the current study when compared to healthy controls (mean ± SD, 0.146 ± 0.145 vs. 0.076 ± 0.10 pg/ml (P <0.05). Following these findings, significant differences in the levels of IL10 was higher in consolidation than induction chemotherapy stage (mean ± SD, 0.165± 0.084 vs.0 .0720±.018) pg/ml (p <0.05), the serum levels of IL-10 were evaluated in the two groups: new diagnosis and relapse cases. As in the description profile, serum levels are higher in the relapse group with a highly significant difference. For the parameter IL10 (P ≤0.05). As for he mean level, it was as follows: of IL10 (0.130) pg/ml and (0.216) pg/ml, with (P-value =0.0001) in new diagnosis and relapse receptivity. Conclusions. According to our findings, B-ALL patients have significant amounts of both FOXP3 and IL10. This pilot study provides a novel way to look into the process mediating the appearance of these markers in a greater number of B-ALL patients at various stages of their treatment.