bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifocal Mass Lesions in Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Hatano Etsuro , Uyama Naoki , Okada Toshihiro , Asano Yasukane , Hai Seikan , Nakasho Keiji , Fujimoto Jiro
Published: November 2017

A 59-year-old male patient with jaundice was referred to our hospital because of mass lesions in the pancreatic head and tail. An immunological examination revealed an elevated serum IgG4 level. Computed tomography showed two clear boundary mass lesions in the pancreatic head and tail. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the mass lesions exhibited low intensity on T1-weighted images and iso-intensity on T2-weighted images. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed an obstruction of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic head and tail. The possibility of malignant tumors could not be ruled out; therefore, we performed total pancreatectomy. A histopathological examination of the nodular lesions revealed severe lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and inflammatory change around the pancreatic ducts. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the nodules. According to these pathological findings, we diagnosed the patient with IgG4-related multifocal mass lesions of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). It is difficult to distinguish between focal type AIP and pancreatic cancer. We herein report a rare case of multifocal mass lesions in AIP and include bibliographical comments.
Використання методу направленої тканинної регенерації у хворих із тяжкою формою генералізованого пародонтиту
Authors: Sliusarenko N. Ya.
Published: November 2017

Generalized periodontitis occurs in 40–98 % of the population of our country and is associated with age, region of residence, occupational activity, somatic diseases, and hygienic culture. In the treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis, it may be effective to develop new technological techniques to reduce infl ammatory complications.The aim of the study – to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis by developing a method for operative access to the pathological center and using the method of directed tissue regeneration.Materials and Methods. We examined and treated 86 patients with severe forms of generalized periodontitis. After randomisation and preoperative examination, all the patients under study were divided into two groups. In group 1 (25 patients), the traditional method of surgery of Tseshynskyi-Vidman-Neiman was used. The group 2 – 29 patients with severe GP. Surgical treatment in this group was carried out in accordance with the principles of directed tissue regeneration using the developed method of operative access, remote from the gingival area.Results and Discussion. Surgical treatment was carried out in compliance with the principles of directed tissue regeneration using the developed method of operative access, remote from the gingival area. The incision was carried out in parallel and lower than the dentinous margin of 12–14 mm. The length of the autopsy exceeded the scale of the intervention zone by 6–10 mm from each side for free movement of the detached fl ap and the delineation in the subsequent line of the section with the regeneration zone. The analysis and description of the radiological material was performed taking into account the characteristics of the bone tissue (the severity of the cortical layer at the apex of the sprouts, the mesh size and radiographic density of the cellular bone, signs of resorption, the presence of demarcation between the bone tissue and the materials introduced, radiological characteristics of the implantation material according to the proposed by Professor Yu. I. Vorobiov.Conclusions. On the basis of treatment of 56 patients with generalized periodontitis of severe forms, the traditional method of Tseshynskyi-Vidman-Neiman has been tested in 25 patients and 29 patients in whom treatment was carried out in accordance with the principles of directed tissue regeneration with the use of the developed method of operative access, on the basis of our research we established advantage of the developed method.
Сучасні підходи до хірургічного лікування хворих на генералізова- ний пародонтит із використанням дентальних імплантатів
Authors: Prots H. B. , Piuryk V. P.
Published: November 2017

The main postulate of periodontal treatment is the elimination of factors injuring periodontal disease, creating conditions for the normalization of its properties. Structures with additional supports on the intraosseous implants are optimal for orthopaedic treatment. The possibilities and conditions for surgical intervention on periodontal tissues and implantation in patients with varying severity of chronic GP were generally poorly understood.The aim of the study – to improve the treatment of patients with partial edentia and chronic generalized periodontitis by including dental implantation to the complex of therapeutic measures.Materials and Methods. There are presented the results of 360 patients with varying severity degrees of generalized periodontitis who underwent surgery on periodontal tissues with dental implantation.Results and Discussion. Our research showed that implantation in patients with mild generalized periodontitis can achieve consistently good results regardless the method of treatment. Simultaneous surgery on periodontal tissues and the dental implantation shortens treatment duration in 1.5–2 times without compromising its quality. It is shown that in patients with moderate and severe degrees of generalized periodontitis it is appropriate to perform periodontal surgery separately followed by dental implantation to prevent postoperative complications and implant loss. When planning for dental implants and periodontal surgical intervention it is necessary to determine the quality of bone remodeling to assess the structural and functional state of bone tissue and differentiated destination osteotropic drugs that promote positive postoperative period.Conclusions. Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of dental implantation and surgical periodontal intervention, bone remodelling markers should be determined to assess the structural and functional status of bone tissue and for the differentiated use of osteotropic drugs, which will contribute to the positive development of the postoperative period. Simultaneous surgical intervention on periodontal tissues and dental implantation in 1.5–2 times reduces the duration of treatment without reducing its quality. In patients with moderate to severe degrees, it is expedient to carry out surgical interventions with subsequent dental implantation in order to prevent postoperative complications and loss of implants.
Comparison of Inappropriate Shocks and Other Health Outcomes Between Single‐ and Dual‐Chamber Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Results From the Cardiovascular Research Network Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators
Authors: Peterson Pamela N. , Greenlee Robert T. , Go Alan S. , Magid David J. , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea , Garcia‐Montilla Romel , Glenn Karen A. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Hammill Stephen C. , Hayes John , Kadish Alan , Reynolds Kristi , Sharma Param , Smith David H. , Varosy Paul D. , Vidaillet Humberto , Zeng Chan X. , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. , Masoudi Frederick A.
Published: November 2017

Background

In US clinical practice, many patients who undergo placement of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (
ICD
) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death receive dual‐chamber devices. The superiority of dual‐chamber over single‐chamber devices in reducing the risk of inappropriate
ICD
shocks in clinical practice has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare risk of adverse outcomes, including inappropriate shocks, between single‐ and dual‐chamber
ICD
s for primary prevention.

Methods and Results

We identified patients receiving a single‐ or dual‐chamber
ICD
for primary prevention who did not have an indication for pacing from 15 hospitals within 7 integrated health delivery systems in the Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators from 2006 to 2009. The primary outcome was time to first inappropriate shock.
ICD
shocks were adjudicated for appropriateness. Other outcomes included all‐cause hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, and death. Patient, clinician, and hospital‐level factors were accounted for using propensity score weighting methods. Among 1042 patients without pacing indications, 54.0% (n=563) received a single‐chamber device and 46.0% (n=479) received a dual‐chamber device. In a propensity‐weighted analysis, device type was not significantly associated with inappropriate shock (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–1.38 [
P
=0.65]), all‐cause hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.21 [
P
=0.76]), heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.21 [
P
=0.59]), or death (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.53 [
P
=0.17]).

Conclusions

Among patients who received an
ICD
for primary prevention without indications for pacing, dual‐chamber devices were not associated with lower risk of inappropriate shock or differences in hospitalization or death compared with single‐chamber devices. This study does not justify the use of dual‐chamber devices to minimize inappropriate shocks.
Political Economy through the Looking Glass
Authors: Best Beverley
Published: November 2017

Two sets of co-authors, LiPuma and Lee, and Bryan and Rafferty, each argue that contemporary ‘speculative’ or ‘circulatory’ capitalism represents a deep rupture in the modality of capitalist accumulation from earlier forms of industrial capitalism such that the Marxian critique of value-form is now redundant. I argue that despite the altered surface-appearances of financialisation, the essential character of social domination carried out in the process of capitalist production-circulation in financialisation constitutes, rather, a continuation of the particular movement of capital from earlier historical conjunctures. As such, traditional formulations of Marxian categories such as class, exploitation and the value-form remain relevant and, indeed, necessary for the analysis of the mode of social domination in the era of financialisation.
Grammaticalization in Emirati Arabic
Authors: Jarad Najib Ismail
Published: November 2017

This paper is concerned with the process of language change whereby lexical items and constructions, in specific contexts, come to serve new grammatical functions. Emirati Arabic provides us with a wide range of grammaticalization phenomena. The aim of this paper is twofold: to shed light on the basic concepts relating to grammaticalization phenomena and to examine the grammaticalization of a number of constructions in Emirati Arabic, investigating their formation and the changes in their functions. The development of these grammatical constructions follows a grammaticalization pathway identified for a wide range of linguistic items cross-linguistically.
The Feminine Ending -at as a Diptote in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text and Its Implications for Proto-Arabic and Proto-Semitic
Authors: van Putten Marijn
Published: November 2017

This paper examines the feminine ending -at in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text. It argues that from the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text, and various data of comparative linguistic evidence, it is likely that the language of the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text goes back to a variety of Arabic where the feminine ending was treated as a diptote. It is moreover argued, that this feminine ending was likely also diptotic in Proto-Arabic.
Two icc Arbitrations Disturbed by Two Court Orders: The Impact of Ignoring the Power of the icc Court to Extend the Time Limit for the Award
Authors: Abu-Hagras Mostafa
Published: November 2017

The 1994 Egyptian Arbitration Act has conferred the jurisdiction to terminate arbitral proceedings, if the time limit for the award expires, on Egypt’s courts. The Egyptian courts have wrongfully terminated two International Chamber of Commerce arbitration proceedings. Egypt’s Court of Cassation has ultimately reversed the decisions of the Egyptian lower courts, so the two icc arbitration awards have survived. This article examines the manner in which the Egyptian courts were asked to grant, recognise or refuse to recognise the termination orders, and clarifies how arbitrators, the icc Court and parties reacted to them.
R. G. Collingwood and the Presence of the Past
Authors: Ahlskog Jonas
Published: November 2017

This essay examines recent theories about the presence of the past from the perspective of Collingwood’s philosophy of history. In the work of Eelco Runia and Frank Ankersmit among others, elaborate theories are offered for explaining how the past conditions and moves the present. Collingwood addresses the same kind of issues in his philosophy of history, but his ideas are very seldom discussed in presence theory. The aim of this essay is to place Collingwood’s philosophy of history in dialogue with presence theory. I show that, even though Collingwood and presence theory have similar aims, Collingwood offers a fundamentally different account of how the past lives on in the here and now. Not only is Collingwood’s account different – his conception of history undermines central presuppositions of presence theory. In conclusion, I argue that Collingwood’s account shows how questions about the presence of the past are intimately connected with self-knowledge.
“Was he right?” R. G. Collingwood’s Rapprochement between Philosophy and History
Authors: Fear Christopher
Published: November 2017

R. G. Collingwood’s declaration that belief in “eternal questions” in philosophy is “merely a vulgar error, consequent on a kind of historical myopia which, deceived by superficial resemblances, failed to detect profound differences” has been vigorously discussed over the last sixty years, thanks partly to its resurrection by Quentin Skinner. But another of Collingwood’s provocative claims has been relatively neglected. If the claims and arguments of classic authors in the history of philosophy provide answers to questions that are not ours, but that are in fact limited to the context of their own time; and if the purpose of history is to illuminate those answers in light of their historical contexts, should historians ask – as Collingwood claimed they “must” – not only “what was So-and-so’s theory on such and such a matter?”, but also “was he right?”? Should the historian of ideas in a world of changing questions nevertheless describe a theory as “false” or “true”, as Collingwood does, or is truth assessment no proper part of the history of philosophy? This essay draws on the full range of Collingwood’s writings, and presents his strongest case for the claim that historians “must” ask “the truth question” about old philosophy.
Staging Ireland’s Dispossessed
Authors: McMullan Anna
Published: November 2017

This article explores the tension between the growing cultural capital of the Beckett ‘brand’ and the issues of dispossession which are at the heart of Beckett’s work through an investigation of selected productions from the Beckett in the City project, a series of site-specific performances of Beckett’s work directed by Sarah Jane Scaife. The discussion of Dublin performances of Act Without Words II (2013) and Beckett in the City: the Women Speak (2015) in marginalized urban spaces draws on writing by Judith Butler and Athena Athanasiou on dispossession.
The (Questionable) Importance of New York at the Constitutional Convention
Authors: Carlsen Paul , Heckelman Jac
Published: November 2017

The u.s. Constitution was first developed at the 1787 Convention, where each state’s vote was determined by the majority preference of its delegates. Two of the delegates from New York, John Lansing and Robert Yates, both strident anti-Federalists, left the Convention early due to disagreement with the proceedings. Their departure cost New York its vote for the rest of the Convention, and has been considered by some scholars to be an important event. We investigate how often New York’s vote was critical to proposals passing or failing, both when present and counter-factually when absent. We find New York’s vote could have been critical on only 28 of 578 (roughly 5%) votes. Most of the 28 votes were on nominal issues. However, paradoxically, it appears that a more favorable outcome for Lansing and Yates might have occurred had New York also missed the very first vote of the Convention and the last vote on apportionment prior to “The Great Compromise”.
Why Timars? Why Now? Ottoman Timars in the Light of Recent Historiography
Authors: Howard Douglas A.
Published: November 2017

Ottoman historians lost interest in timars a generation ago due to simultaneous intellectual and political crises, namely methodological skepticism and the end of the cold war. The archival methodology used in timar research was subjected to withering critique, and the underlying motivation for the research, land reform in East-Central Europe and Turkey, was dissipated. Renewed scholarly interest in the timar institution is driven by awareness of transnational themes, efforts to theorize complexity, and the value of transparency and self-consciousness in research agendas.
Allium nazarenum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species of the section Codonoprasum from Israel
Authors: BRULLO CRISTIAN , BRULLO SALVATORE , GALDO GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL , SALMERI CRISTINA
Published: November 2017

Allium nazarenum, a new species of A. sect. Codonoprasum, is described and illustrated from Israel. Within this species, two well distinct subspecies have been recognized, represented by the subsp. nazarenum and subsp. ramonense respectively. The first one occurs in northern and central Israel, which falls within the Mediterranean bioclimate, while the second one is circumscribed to the Negev desert. Both taxa are diploid with 2n = 16 and are found on various substrata usually in the batha or steppic plant communities. This species shows close relationships with the species belonging to the A. staticiforme group, from which it differs in several relevant diacritic features. Its morphology, karyology, leaf anatomy, ecology, conservation status and taxonomical relationships are examined.
Ruellia anamariae, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Brazil
Authors: REIS AGIRLAYNE DE SOUZA , KAMEYAMA CÍNTIA , GIL ANDRÉ DOS SANTOS BRAGANÇA
Published: November 2017

Ruellia anamariae, a new species of Acanthaceae is herein described and illustrated from the municipalities of Parauapebas and São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is recognized by its habit, a shrub up to 5 meters high, by its terminal thyrsus inflorescence, by its greenish-yellow corolla with the expanded portion of the tube suburceolate, strongly revolute lobes and shortly exserted stamens. It is also morphologically similar to Ruellia exserta, but differs by its habit, a shrub (not liana), inflorescence, thyrsus with opposite dichasia (not secundiflorous thyrsus) and short exserted stamens (not long exserted), and to Ruellia beckii differing by its habit, a shrub (not liana) end calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate with acute apex (not oblanceolate to obovate with retuse to obtuse apex). We provide a detailed description, illustrations, comments, data on distribution and habitat and conservation status of the species.
Dendrocalamus dienbienensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Northern Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN ­­HOANG NGHIA , NGUYEN VAN THO , NGUYEN ­ANH DUNG , VIEN NGUYEN , TIEN PHAM QUANG , TRAN VAN TIEN
Published: November 2017

A new species of Dendrocalamus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), D. dienbienensis is described and illustrated from Phu Tho and Dien Bien Province, Vietnam. This species is compared with its most morphologically similar species D.nianhei and D.sinicus. Besides, the relationship between the new species and D.nianhei is discussed here.
Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from bathyal and abyssal depths of the Northeast Atlantic held in the modern Discovery Collections
Authors: CANTERO ÁLVARO L. PEÑA , HORTON TAMMY
Published: November 2017

The deep-sea benthic hydroid fauna remains poorly known, in part because of less frequent sampling than the shelf fauna, in part owing to the immense study area, and partly also because available samples have been little studied by experts. In order to correct this, deep-sea benthic hydroid material from the modern Discovery Collections has been studied. Samples come from localities in the North-East Atlantic including the Porcupine Seabight, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, Rockall Trough, Rockall Bank, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Sixteen species belonging to 12 families and 16 genera were found. Leptothecata are clearly dominant, being represented by 14 species; the remaining species belong to Anthoathecata. Lafoeidae and Tiarannidae are the most diverse families with three species each; the remaining families being represented by a single species. The low species diversity is remarkable at the generic level, with each genus being represented by a single species. Hydroid occurrence is low: twelve species were found in ≤ 9% of stations; Amphinema biscayana has the highest occurrence (27% of stations). Fifteen species were recorded in the Porcupine Seabight, two in the Rockall Trough, one at Rockall Bank, one on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, and two at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The known bathymetric range for a third of the species is extended; the increase is particularly noteworthy in Amphinema biscayana, Acryptolaria crassicaulis, Clytia gigantea and Schizotricha profunda. Two distinct bathymetric groups are recognized: strictly deep-sea inhabitants and eurybathic species. Most species are globally distributed, some are widely distributed in the Atlantic, and others are limited to the North Atlantic or the Northeast Atlantic.
Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) nahua sp. nov., a new Phlebotominae sand fly from Mexico (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Authors: IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO , GARCÍA-TORRES CARLOS ROBERTO , VÁSQUEZ-MÁRQUEZ MARIO
Published: November 2017

Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) nahua sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on male and female characteristics. Specimens were collected in the Municipality of Naolinco, state of Veracruz, Mexico. This new species of phlebotomine sand fly has characteristics corresponding to the series vexator Fairchild of Galati, with male similar to Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) apache (Young & Perkins), Mi. (Coq.) oppidana (Dampf) and Mi. (Coq.) vexator (Coquillett), but recognized by the male paramere structure and simple apex of aedeagal ducts in the male, the later exception for this species series. Female can be confused with Mi. (Coq.) vexator, Mi. (Coq.) oppidana and Mi. (Coq.) apache, but is distinguishable by the cibarial armature combined with the long and very slender individual spermathecal ducts. Keys for male and female species of Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) are provided.
A new species of Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: NEVES ANA C. R. , MENDONÇA MARIA C.
Published: November 2017

A new species of the cosmopolitan genus Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 is herein described and illustrated. The new species, Xenylla hodori sp. nov., from the Amazon Forest of Northern Brazil, resembles X. capixaba Fernandes & Mendonça, 2010 and X. welchi Folsom, 1916 due, the number of eyes, chaetotaxy head and shape of furca. X. hodori sp. nov. is the second species recorded for the Brazilian Amazon Region.
Revision of Ephemerythus Gillies 1960 (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J. , NOVIKOVA EUGENIA A.
Published: November 2017

Four species of Ephemerythus Gillies 1960 are described here. Larvae, subimagoes, imagoes of both sexes and eggs of Ephemerythus niger Gillies 1960 (= E. niger ugandanus Kluge 2010 syn. n.) and Ephemerythus pictus Gillies 1960 (= E. kiboensis Gillies 1960 syn. n.) are redescribed based on reared material from their type localities (Amani in Usambara Mountains and Marangu in Kilimandjaro respectively) and from other places in Tanzania. Larvae, subimagoes, imagoes of both sexes and eggs of a new species Ephemerythus nigricolor sp. n. are described based on reared material from Zambia. The species formerly reported as «Ephemerythus sp. C» (Kluge 2010a) is described here as Ephemerythus gilliesi sp. n., based on one larva with eggs, collected by M.T. Gillies in Cameroon.
Morphological redescription of Culex (Microculex) davisi and Cx. (Mcx.) imitator (Diptera: Culicidae) including structures and stages not previously described
Authors: BANGHER DEBORA NATALIA , STEIN MARINA
Published: November 2017

The adults, male genitalia and fourth-instar larva of Culex (Microculex) imitator Theobald and Culex (Microculex) davisi Kumm, and the pupa of the latter species, are re-described. The female genitalia of both species and the pupa of Culex (Microculex) imitator are described for the first time. Information on distribution, bionomics and taxonomy is also included.
Discovery of the Dinoponera lucida male (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), a threatened giant ant from the Atlantic rain forest
Authors: ESCÁRRAGA MAYRON E , LATTKE JOHN E , AZEVEDO CELSO O
Published: November 2017

The male of the endangered ant Dinoponera lucida Emery is described, providing morphometric measurements, high-resolution images, and a distribution map of the species. This ant inhabits the Brazilian Atlantic forest, an ecosystem strongly impacted by fragmentation. The males show clear morphological differences from the known males of other species of Dinoponera. We briefly discuss the relevance of the male description for the conservation strategies of this ant.
Two Types of Physical Inconsistency to Avoid with Univariate Quantile Mapping: A Case Study over North America Concerning Relative Humidity and Its Parent Variables
Authors: Grenier Patrick
Published: November 2017

Univariate quantile mapping (QM), a technique often used to statistically postprocess climate simulations, may generate physical inconsistency. This issue is investigated here by classifying physical inconsistency into two types. Type I refers to the attribution of an impossible value to a single variable, and type II refers to the breaking of a fixed intervariable relationship. Here QM is applied to relative humidity (RH) and its parent variables, namely, temperature, pressure, and specific humidity. Twelve sites representing various climate types across North America are investigated. Time series from an ensemble of ten 3-hourly simulations are postprocessed, with the CFSR reanalysis used as the reference product. For type I, results indicate that direct postprocessing of RH generates supersaturation values (>100%) at relatively small frequencies of occurrence. Generated supersaturation amplitudes exceed observed values in fog and clouds. Supersaturation values are generally more frequent and higher when RH is deduced from postprocessed parent variables. For type II, results show that univariate QM practically always breaks the intervariable thermodynamic relationship. Heuristic proxies are designed for comparing the initial bias with physical inconsistency of type II, and results suggest that QM generates a problem that is arguably lesser than the one it is intended to solve. When physical inconsistency is avoided by capping one humidity variable at its saturation level and deducing the other, statistical equivalence with the reference product remains much improved relative to the initial situation. A recommendation for climate services is to postprocess RH and deduce specific humidity rather than the opposite.
Turbulence Effects of Collision Efficiency and Broadening of Droplet Size Distribution in Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Chen Sisi , Yau M. K. , Bartello Peter
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to investigate and quantify the turbulence effect on droplet collision efficiency and explore the broadening mechanism of the droplet size distribution (DSD) in cumulus clouds. The sophisticated model employed in this study individually traces droplet motions affected by gravity, droplet disturbance flows, and turbulence in a Lagrangian frame. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) techniques are implemented to resolve the small-scale turbulence. Collision statistics for cloud droplets of radii between 5 and 25 μm at five different turbulence dissipation rates (20–500 cm2 s−3) are computed and compared with pure-gravity cases. The results show that the turbulence enhancement of collision efficiency highly depends on the r ratio (defined as the radius ratio of collected and collector droplets r/ R) but is less sensitive to the size of the collector droplet investigated in this study. Particularly, the enhancement is strongest among comparable-sized collisions, indicating that turbulence can significantly broaden the narrow DSD resulting from condensational growth. Finally, DNS experiments of droplet growth by collision–coalescence in turbulence are performed for the first time in the literature to further illustrate this hypothesis and to monitor the appearance of drizzle in the early rain-formation stage. By comparing the resulting DSDs at different turbulence intensities, it is found that broadening is most pronounced when turbulence is strongest and similar-sized collisions account for 21%–24% of total collisions in turbulent cases compared with only 9% in the gravitational case.
Situation Awareness Performance in Healthy Young Adults Is Associated With a Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism
Authors: González-Giraldo Yeimy , González-Reyes Rodrigo E. , Mueller Shane T. , Piper Brian J. , Adan Ana , Forero Diego A.
Published: November 2017

Background

Situation awareness (SA) is defined in three levels: SA1 is the perception of the elements in a specific context, SA2 is the comprehension of their meaning, and SA3 is the projection of their status.

Purpose

To analyze the possible association of a genetic polymorphism in the serotonin transporter ( SLC6A4) gene and performance on the Situational Awareness test (SAtest).

Methods

SAtest was applied to a sample of 230 healthy Colombian subjects, using the Psychology Experiment Building Language platform and a functional polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In the SA1 level, s/s genotype carriers had worse accuracy, in comparison with s/l and l/l genotypes. At SA2 level, l/l genotype carriers had better accuracy than s/s and s/l individuals and that in the SA3 level, l/l carriers also had better accuracy. These associations were significant after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions

It is possible that l/l carriers have a better ability to perceive and focus their attention on the elements of their environment and to have the capacity to understand and predict what will happen with those elements. This is the first genetic study of SA performance in healthy participants. Additional investigations of other genes could contribute to the understanding of the molecular correlates of SA in healthy subjects and in neuropsychiatric patients.
Mindfulness and Fear Extinction: A Brief Review of Its Current Neuropsychological Literature and Possible Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Kummar Auretta S.
Published: November 2017

Research in the neuroscience of mindfulness has grown rapidly in recent years. This includes empirical investigations into structural and functional changes in several brain regions—particularly, the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala—in association with the practice of mindfulness. Of interest to the current paper is that such brain regions are also implicated in empirical research focusing on fear extinction. While fear extinction has, therefore, been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms to underlie the positive effects of mindfulness, the conceptual links and research implications have lacked specific focus and detailed discussion in the literature. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, two-fold. First, this paper briefly reviews the extant literature on the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying mindfulness—particularly that, which has been found to be similarly implied in fear extinction—and hence, suggests future research directions based on its current state in the literature. Second, this paper explores the implications of this for fear-based psychopathologies, specifically for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Discussion from this paper suggests the idea of fear extinction as an underlying mechanism of mindfulness to be one that is still preliminary, yet promising; in turn, elucidating the need for further methodologically rigorous study to specifically determine fear extinction as a result of mindfulness, as well as to incorporate neuroimaging techniques in supporting the existing literature that have found preliminary support of mindfulness for PTSD.
Book Review: Jostein Gaarder, Sophie ka Sansar (edited and translated by Satya Pal Gautam into Hindi)
Authors: Pandey Ajit Kumar
Published: November 2017

Jostein Gaarder, Sophie ka Sansar (edited and translated by Satya Pal Gautam into Hindi). Delhi: Raj Kamal Prakashan, 2016, 456 pp., ₹399 (paperback), ISBN 978-81-26729-33-3.
Longitudinal profiles of mental well-being as correlates of successful aging in middle age
Authors: Kokko Katja , Feldt Taru
Published: November 2017

This study analyzed the multidimensional (including emotional, psychological, and social well-being) profiles of mental well-being and their links to various indicators of successful aging (SA; including diseases, cognitive and physical function, and engagement with life). The analyses were based on the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, where the age-cohort participants have been followed from age 8 to 50. Data on 335 participants collected in mid-adulthood were analyzed. Applying Latent Profile Analysis and measures of life satisfaction and psychological well-being at ages 36, 42, and 50 and social well-being at ages 42 and 50, four longitudinal well-being profiles were extracted: high (29% of the participants), relatively high (47%), moderate (22%), and low (3%). ANCOVAs (controlling for gender and education) revealed that the participants in the high, relatively high, and moderate well-being profiles had more satisfying relationships, better labor market success, and fewer diseases at age 50 than those in the low well-being profile. Fewer inter-profile differences were observed in physical or cognitive function. Favorable profiles of mental well-being are related to SA in mid-adulthood. Future studies should investigate the causal relations between well-being and SA.
Phonetic alignment in English as a lingua franca: Coming together while splitting apart
Authors: Berry Grant M , Ernestus Mirjam
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the plasticity of phonological boundaries during discourse in a lingua franca. We tracked the production of 34 Spanish learners of English conversing with two Dutch confederates in English across two speech styles, focusing on incremental changes in two key English vowel contrasts with differential effects of cross-linguistic influence (/i/–/ɪ/ and /ε/–/æ/). Results indicate that Spaniards align with Dutch confederates, quickly merging /ε/ and /æ/ and gradually separating their merged /i/–/ɪ/ category, rather than adopting native-like English production. We found greater merger in informal speech overall. We also found an interaction with time for the /i/–/ɪ/ contrast, indicating that the merged /i/ and /ɪ/ categories gradually separate in informal speech; this effect was not found for /ε/–/æ/. Finally, proficiency modulates alignment: the most proficient speakers separate /i/–/ɪ/ and merge /ε/–/æ/ more than other speakers. We interpret phonetic alignment as a complex, dynamic phenomenon influenced by proficiency in discourse language and speaking style, and whose effects may unfold rapidly or gradually depending on the phonological category investigated.
The Relationship Between Grandiosity, Psychopathy, and Narcissism in an Offender Sample
Authors: Klipfel Kristen M. , Kosson David S.
Published: November 2017

Clinical accounts suggest grandiosity is an important characteristic of both psychopathy and narcissism. This study examined the relationships between grandiosity and each of these personality disorder syndromes, using a novel index, namely the Grandiosity Index. Seventy-five incarcerated males completed clinical interviews of psychopathy and narcissism and a self-report inventory of narcissism and were rated on interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism. Trained research assistants rated participants on the Grandiosity Index. Analyses provided preliminary evidence of construct validity for the index. Scores on the Grandiosity Index were significantly correlated with scores on both clinical and interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism and with self-reported narcissism. Regressions demonstrated that the Grandiosity Index explained substantial unique variance in psychopathy after controlling for scores on narcissism. This study demonstrates that grandiose features are associated uniquely with clinical ratings of psychopathy, though not significantly more with psychopathy than with narcissism.
Risk Assessment Interviews: Exploring the Perspectives of Psychologists and Indeterminate Sentenced Prisoners in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shingler Jo , Sonnenberg Stefanie J. , Needs Adrian
Published: November 2017

This study explores the forensic risk assessment interview from the perspectives of qualified prison-based psychologists and indeterminate sentenced prisoners in the United Kingdom. It focuses on the psychologist–prisoner relationship in the interview context. Twenty-one in-depth individual interviews were conducted with psychologists and prisoners and analysed using Grounded Theory methods. The analysis identified the following categories reflecting participants’ descriptions of risk assessment interviews: “Emphasising Clarity and Transparency,” “Collaborative Engagement,” “Making a Respectful, Boundaried yet Human Connection,” “Respecting Individuality,” and “Having a Purposeful Conversation.” Analysis demonstrated that these categories of meaning reflected the broader notion of risk assessment interviewing as “A Difficult Balancing Act.” The views of prisoners and psychologists about the risk assessment interview were remarkably similar and provide some direction and guidance for practitioners navigating this challenging but essential aspect of forensic psychological work.
Enhanced flame retardancy of epoxy resin containing a phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative/montmorillonite compound
Authors: Yan Wei , Yu Jie , Zhang Mingqiu , Wang Tao , Li Wen , Qin Shuhao , Long Lijuan
Published: November 2017

A phenethyl-bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivative (DiDOPO) was combined with organically modified montmorillonite and incorporated into an epoxy resin to improve its flame retardancy. When only 3.5 wt% DiDOPO/3.5 wt% organically modified montmorillonite was introduced into epoxy resin, the limited oxygen index rose from 21.8% to 32.2% and achieved a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test. The decomposition and pyrolysis products in the gaseous phase were characterized by thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The increase in char yield was restricted due to the incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite. Moreover, a large amount of phosphorus was released into the gaseous phase. The evaluation of flame retardancy, based on cone calorimeter data, testified that organically modified montmorillonite improved the protective-barrier effect of the fire due to the epoxy resin/DiDOPO/organically modified montmorillonite residue, which was also proved from the digital photographs and scanning electron microscopy results. Combination of the protective-barrier effect of organically modified montmorillonite and the flame-inhibition effect of DiDOPO exerted a superior flame-retardancy effect, resulting in good performance of epoxy resin/DiDOPO/organically modified montmorillonite flame-retardant. Overall, organically modified montmorillonite was an efficient adjuvant for the flame-retardant epoxy resin/DiDOPO system.
Analysis of vibration signals to quantify displacement amplitude in the monitoring of vibration-assisted turning
Authors: Prasad Balla Srinivasa , Rao Javvadi Umamaheswara , Krishna A Gopala
Published: November 2017

Vibration-assisted machining combines precision machining with small-amplitude tool vibration at high frequency to improve the fabrication process. It has been applied to a number of processes from turning to drilling to grinding. This work presents the validation of tool condition monitoring system based on vibration parameters. For this purpose, an experimental investigation is planned to acquire vibration signal data during the machining. This work primarily focuses on quantifying the presence of relative vibrations between the cutting tool and a workpiece during vibration-assisted turning process which helps in predicting tool life. For this purpose, an online acoustic optic emission-based vibration transducer, i.e. Laser Doppler Vibrometer, is used as a component of a novel approach. Cutting force and vibration signals were recorded and analyzed. Machine dynamic effects such as cutting force and tool wear are taken into account during the dry machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloys specimens. Identifying the correlation among tool wear, cutting forces and displacement due to vibration is a critical task in the present study. Real-time experimental findings are used to predict the evolution of displacement and tool wear in the experiment. Efficacy of a logical relationship among the process variables such as displacement, feed rate, spindle rotational speed, and depth of cut is critically examined. Results of the present study are used to establish a strategy for real-time efficient tool monitoring systems for vibration-assisted turning operation. The wear mechanisms of DNMA 432 coated carbide and uncoated carbide insert tools were examined at different combinations of feed rate, spindle speed, and depth of cut for turning of Ti-6Al-4V workpiece material.
Reporting of ethical considerations in clinical trials in Chinese nursing journals
Authors: Wu Yanni , Howarth Michelle , Zhou Chunlan , Ji Xue , Ou Jiexia , Li Xiaojin
Published: November 2017

Background:

It is acknowledged that publishers now require all primary research papers to demonstrate that they have obtained ethical approval for their research.

Objectives:

To assess the rate of reporting of ethical approval in clinical trials in core nursing journals in mainland China.

Research design:

A retrospective observational study.

Participants:

All clinical trials published in all of the 12 core nursing periodicals from 2016 edition China Science and Technology Journal Citation Report (core version) between 2013 and 2016 were retrieved by hand to explicate rate of reporting ethical approval and informed consent.

Ethical considerations:

The study did not require approval from the research ethics committee as it did not involve human subjects or records.

Results:

In total, 40,278 papers were published in 12 nursing periodicals between 2013 and 2016. Out of these, 9488 (23.6%) focused on clinical trials. Informed consent obtained from patients or the legally authorized representative was reported in 51.8% of clinical trials. Notably, only 27.4% of clinical trials reported that they had obtained written consent. Furthermore, 25.9% of clinical trials described ethical approval; however, the rate of reporting informed consent and ethical approval in these 12 nursing journals in China during 4 years from 2013 to 2016 improved markedly, with 38.1%, 44.0%, 59.0% and 66.6%, respectively ( p < 0.001), and 17.6%, 21.9%, 28.6% and 35.8%, respectively ( p < 0.001). In addition, both reporting informed consent and reporting written informed consent had a positive significant correlation with the reporting ethical approval ( p < 0.05 or < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Chinese scientific nursing journals have improved the rate of reporting informed consent and ethical approval in clinical trials during the last 4 years. However, it should be noted that nearly half of clinical trials still did not report either ethical approval or whether informed consent was obtained. Efforts from editors, researchers, sponsors and authors are needed to ensure the transparency of ethical scrutiny and adherence to ethical guidelines in publishing clinical trials in Chinese nursing journals.
Effectiveness of hands-on cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice with self-debriefing for healthcare providers: A simulation-based controlled trial
Authors: Fan Hsuan-Jui , You Shih-Hao , Huang Chien-Hsiung , Seak Chen-June , Ng Chip-Jin , Li Wen-Cheng , Lin Chi-Chun , Weng Yi-Ming
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

The psychomotor skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation emphasized the importance of high-quality chest compression. This investigation examined the effect of self-debriefing and the different materials of debriefing during hands-on cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice for healthcare providers.

Methods:

This was a randomized controlled trial of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program involving emergency medical technicians in northern Taiwan. Participants were blinded to the study purpose and were allocated randomly using the black envelope method. All participants completed a 2-min pre-test of hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a manikin. Those who were allocated to the control group received self-debriefing with knowledge of pre-test result. Those who were allocated to the experimental group received self-debriefing with an additional biomechanical information of performance of chest compression. A post-test was performed 30 min after the pre-test.

Results:

A total of 88 participants were enrolled with 44 in each group. There was significant difference of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality after self-debriefing among all participants (pre- vs post-test adequate rate, 54.7% vs 67.5%, p = 0.028; adequate depth, 41.2% vs 69.5%, p < 0.001; full recoil, 35.9% vs 54.5%, p = 0.001). The analysis of effects of self-debriefing with additional knowledge of performance revealed no significant difference in any of the measurements (improvement in adequate rate, 11.3% vs 14.2%, p = 0.767; adequate depth, 29.6% vs 27.0%, p = 0.784; full recoil, 23.0% vs 14.1%, p = 0.275).

Conclusion:

Self-debriefing improved hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality whether or not biomechanical information of performance of chest compression was given.