bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uplatnění správního uvážení a problematika výkladu neurčitých právních pojmů v případě bezprostředních zásahů realizovaných Policií České republiky
Authors: Všetička Pavel
Published: October 2017

Správní uvážení, neboli „diskreční pravomoc“, podobně jako výklad tzv. „neurčitých právních pojmů“, představuje významné oprávnění orgánů veřejné správy. Přestože jsou obě tato oprávnění již tradičně spojována především s rozhodovací činností orgánů veřejné správy probíhající v rámci správního řízení při vydávání individuálních správních aktů, je nepochybné, že v souvislosti s plněním svých úkolů těchto oprávnění pravidelně využívají též příslušníci bezpečnostních sborů. Neboť v případě realizace bezprostředních zásahů musí zasahující orgán na místě zákroku nejprve vyhodnotit veškeré okolnosti, a poté rozhodnout o použití jednoho z několika možných prostředků, které mu zákon pro řešení dané situace dává k dispozici. V předkládaném článku se zabývám otázkou, jakým způsobem a do jaké míry se v rámci bezprostředních zásahů uplatní institut správního uvážení, jakož i výklad neurčitých právních pojmů.
Programa de residência em enfermagem obstétrica: reflexões a partir da vivência das residentes
Authors: Reis Thamiza Laureany da Rosa dos , Quadros Jacqueline Silveira de
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: relatar a implantação do Programa Nacional de Residência em Enfermagem Obstétrica na perspectiva das enfermeiras obstetras formadas na primeira turma da região sul do Brasil. Método: relato de experiência. Os cenários da formação das enfermeiras obstetras são representados por uma maternidade pública, uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e duas Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Resultados: muitos avanços foram conquistados a partir de discussões conjuntas e trocas de conhecimento entre todos os atores envolvidos no processo de implantação do programa. Atualmente é possível o trabalho em equipe, a discussão de condutas e prescrições e a confiança no trabalho das residentes. Considerações finais: o Programa de Residência em Enfermagem Obstétrica está em processo de implantação e, por isso, a cada ano surgem novos desafios, e em alguns casos, limitações e dificuldades, o que contribui para seu aprimoramento e reorienta as ações de qualificação das enfermeiras obstetras.
Condições de acesso à atenção ginecológica em serviços primários: perspectiva das usuárias
Authors: Rossetto Maira , Oliveira Dora Lucia Leidens Correa de , Gouveia Helga Geremias , Machado Maria Luiza Paz , Queiroz Rafaela Roque
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: analisar as condições de acesso aos serviços ginecológicos na rede de cuidados primários. Método: estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, desenvolvido em dois municípios, com 22 mulheres que realizaram consulta ginecológica. A coleta de dados foi de agosto de 2013 a abril de 2014. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: em ambos os municípios existem fragilidades na promoção do acesso e na atenção integral à saúde das mulheres. As usuárias que buscam as consultas ginecológicas são conduzidas pela rede de atenção de acordo com fluxos previamente pactuados pelos gestores. Os itinerários percorridos não são, portanto, necessariamente, resultado de escolhas pessoais, o que pode limitar a eficiência das respostas às demandas das usuárias. Conclusão: quanto às ofertas no âmbito da atenção ginecológica, ficou evidenciado que as usuárias conseguem acessar algumas tecnologias de cuidado, como é o caso da consulta ginecológica e dos procedimentos que a constituem.
O processo de inclusão de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde na educação infantil
Authors: Neves Aline Tatsch , Donaduzzi Daiany Saldanha da Silveira , Santos Raíssa Passos dos , Kegler Jaquiele Jaciara , Silva Júlia Heinz da , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: descrever a vivência de professores da educação infantil no processo de inclusão de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida a partir de grupo focal com dez professores de uma escola de educação infantil de um município do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: os resultados apontaram que os professores não são preparados na sua formação para atuarem com estas crianças. E, ainda, que a rede de apoio de serviços sociais e de saúde aos profissionais e à escola é frágil ou inexistente. Conclusão: a vivência dos professores da educação infantil com as crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde acontece permeada por desafios que perpassam fragilidades em sua formação e a interação com a família dessas crianças e com os serviços de saúde.
Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica: estratégias e potencialidades para o fortalecimento do cuidado no território
Authors: Ávila Marciele Barcelos , Siniak Débora Schlotefeldt
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: identificar as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: trata-se de um de estudo qualitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por intermédio de uma entrevista no período de abril à maio de 2016. Os dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo.  O cenário da pesquisa foi uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Participaram do estudo quinze profissionais. Resultados: a utilização das tecnologias leves, visitas domiciliares, interação com a população, a característica humanizada da equipe e proximidade com a Universidade foram destacadas pelos profissionais como importantes estratégias para o cuidado em Saúde mental no território. Conclusão: pode-se constatar que a implementação de diversas ações em Saúde mental vem ocorrendo gradualmente na Atenção Básica. Porém, mais estudos sobre o tema precisam ser desenvolvidos.
Work engagement: Evolution of the concept and a new inventory
Authors: Kuok Angus C. H. , Taormina Robert J.
Published: October 2017

To provide a more integrated framework for the study of work engagement, the literature on this concept was reviewed in order to develop a clearer definition of this construct that (instead of being based on the separate construct of burnout) is based on the original theory of work engagement, which allowed a new, more precise measure of work engagement to be created. The new work engagement items were tested to assess their psychometrics. Their integrity was tested via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which retained 18 items for a three-component model having satisfactory fit indexes with three 6-item subscales named Cognitive, Emotional, and Physical Work Engagement. The reliabilities and validities of the new scales were also empirically tested, with reliabilities ranging from .78 to .91; and correlation tests yielded statistical support for the convergent, divergent, and concurrent validities of the new measure. The scales were also tested for application to organizations, with Self-Efficacy as a positive predictor that explained 10% to 16% of the variance for all three work engagement measures. Also, the three work engagement scales were all negative predictors of, and, together, explained 12% of the variance for Turnover Intention. Moreover, work engagement and burnout were empirically shown to be independent constructs.
Explicit emotion regulation: Comparing emotion inducing stimuli
Authors: Dhaka Suman , Kashyap Naveen
Published: October 2017

Emotions are a major part of our subjective experiences of the world. At times, our emotions are not appropriate and require active management. Emotion regulation refers to the various ways of managing or controlling emotional responses. External stimuli play specific role in electing emotions. Pictures and movies elicit emotions and emotional effects of films are believed to exceed that of pictures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies across emotion induction method (picture and films). Forty participants rated their emotion on Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) ratings for each pictorial and video stimuli while following the emotion regulation instructions. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that the pictures were more effective in modulating emotions. Cognitive reappraisal and distraction strategies downregulated emotions.
Treatment of Cavitary Bone Defects in Chronic Osteomyelitis: Bioactive glass S53P4 vs. Calcium Sulphate Antibiotic Beads
Authors: Ferrando Albert , Part Joan , Baeza Jose
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of bioglass (BAG-S53P4) in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis and compare the results with calcium sulphate antibiotic beads in one medical centre.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 25 cases. Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed clinically and radiographically of osteomyelitis and treated surgically (Group 1: cavitary bone defects treated with bioglass and Group 2: cavitary bone defects treated with calcium sulphate antibiotic beads) during the period of 2014 and 2015 in one medical centre.Results: Patients in group 1 (bioglass treatment): total of 12 patients (11 males and 1 female) with mean age: 50 years (30-86). Average length of hospital stay was 22 days and mean follow-up time: 23 months (16-33). Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and mean c-reactive protein (CRP) before surgery: 55mm/hr and 54 mg/L, respectively. Mean ESR and mean CRP in last blood exam: 18 mm/hr and 8 mg/L, respectively. There were 2 postoperative complications: seroma formation and delayed wound healing. Only 1 patient had recurrence of infection.Patients in group 2 (calcium sulphate antibiotic beads treatment): total of 13 patients (9 males and 4 females) with mean age: 48 years (17-67). Average length of hospital stay was 21 days and mean follow-up time 22 months (16-29). Mean ESR and mean CRP before surgery: 51mm/hr and 41 mg/L, respectively. Mean ESR and mean CRP in last blood test: 15 mm/hr and 11 mg/L. 2 postoperative complications were registered: chronic expanding hematoma of the muscle flap donor site and seroma formation. 1 patient had recurrence of infection. Overall, there were no differences in recurrence of infection, p=0.740 and in complication rate, p=0.672. 11 (91,7%) patients in group 1 and 12 (92,3%) patients in group 2 showed no signs of recurrence of infection both clinically and radiologically at final follow-up.The most frequent cause of osteomyelitis in group 1 was post traumatic while a postsurgical aetiology was more frequent in group 2. The distal tibia was the most common location. The most frequent pathogen isolated in both groups was methicillin sensible staphylococcus aureus.Conclusions: An advance in treatment of patients with cavitary bone defects in chronic osteomyelitis is the use of synthetic bone substitutes although current evidence is low. In this study, we demonstrate how bioglass without local antibiotics and calcium sulphate antibiotic beads are both equally effective treatment options. Overall, there were no differences between groups in mean hospital stay, complication rates and recurrence of infection.
Quand les citadins font et défont la ville à Conakry : le droit à l'espace
Authors: Kébé-Gangneux Julie
Published: October 2017

Dans les quartiers populaires d’Hafia à Conakry(Guinée), les habitants s’associent pour « faire-ville » (Agier, 2015).Comme le proposait Lefebvre en 1968, les citadins inventent quotidiennement de nouvelles normes urbaines et de nouveaux modes d’appropriation de l’espace pour revendiquer le droit à la ville, « un droit à la vie urbaine ». Peu institutionnalisée, la fabrique urbaine ordinaire n’échappe pas aux nouvelles pressions urbaines qui fragmentent les espaces urbains. Quelle couleur prend le droit à la ville au Sud quand les outils de productions majoritairement informels sont usités par les citoyens qui font et défont la ville ?
Freelancers or "public intellectuals"? Professional identity and discursive representation of Chinese independent media writers in a fast-changing landscape
Authors: Emma Lupano
Published: October 2017

Freelance journalists in China emerged in the early 2000s as a much-needed professional entity in a sector that had changed significantly since the media reform was launched in the country in 1978. When Chinese newspapers, which formerly survived thanks to state funds, had to adopt a business mindset, freelance writers became necessary to sustain these changes. They contributed in particular to the diffusion and standardization of the genre of the “commentary on current affairs” (shiping 时评), establishing themselves as new and original voices in a media system that is still tightly controlled. Building on an analysis of the linguistic features of a corpus of qualitative interviews conducted with Chinese freelance writers between 2008 and 2015, this paper studies their self-representation and understanding of their mission, discussing the extent to which they believe their independent opinions matter in the public arena, in a context that has been changing quickly, due to the decline of print media and due to a new political environment.
Developing a New Approach to Managing and Mediating Conflicts
Authors: Giulia Adriana Pennisi
Published: October 2017

Generally speaking, words can be elusive and they need to be carefully selected when conveying messages, ideas and proposals between parties. This is all the more evident in mediation process as language has to be neutral and mediators should avoid expressions directing parties. In this regard, recent theoretical developments in postmodern social theory and the social constructionist movement in the social sciences and humanities have provided the field of alternative dispute resolution with a new approach to managing and mediating conflicts. These developments are organized around the ‘narrative approach’ which helps us to see how the language we use to describe and understand our conflicts are is operative in constructing an image in our minds of the conflict itself. The research conducted in this paper is in line with the theoretical principles behind the narrative mediation. By reframing the discourses surrounding the conflict situation, the analysis demonstrates that mediators might become aware of the peculiarities of mediation discourse and might be able to adapt the process to meet the particular circumstances in a knowledgeable way.
A Geophysical Model for the Origin of Volcano Vent Clusters in a Colorado Plateau Volcanic Field
Authors: Deng Fanghui , Connor Charles B. , Malservisi Rocco , Connor Laura J. , White Jeremy T. , Germa Aurelie , Wetmore Paul H.
Published: October 2017

Variation in spatial density of Quaternary volcanic vents, and the occurrence of vent clusters, correlates with boundaries in Proterozoic crust in the Springerville volcanic field (SVF), Arizona, USA. Inverse modeling using 538 gravity measurements shows that vent clusters correlate with gradients in the gravity field due to lateral variation in crustal density. These lateral discontinuities in the crustal density can be explained by boundaries in the North American crust formed during Proterozoic accretion. Spatial density of volcanic vents is low in regions of high‐density Proterozoic crust, high in areas of relatively low density Proterozoic crust, and is greatest adjacent to crustal boundaries. Vent alignments parallel these boundaries. We have developed 2‐D and 3‐D numerical models of magma ascent through the crust to simulate long‐term, average magma migration that led to the development of vent clusters in the SVF, assuming that a viscous fluid flow through a porous media is statistically equivalent to magma migration averaged over geological time in the full field scale. The location and flux from the uniform magma source region are boundary conditions of the model. Changes in model diffusivity, associated with changes in the bulk properties of the lithosphere, can simulate preferential magma migration paths and alter estimated magma flux at the surface, implying that large‐scale crustal structures, such as inherited tectonic block boundaries, influence magma ascent and clustering of volcanic vents. Probabilistic models of volcanic hazard for distributed volcanic fields can be improved by identifying crustal structures and assessing their impact on volcano distribution with the use of numerical models.
Association of Vitamin K Status Combined With Vitamin D Status and Lower‐Extremity Function: A Prospective Analysis of Two Knee Osteoarthritis Cohorts
Authors: Shea M. Kyla , Loeser Richard F. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Houston Denise K. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Booth Sarah L.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Vitamins K and D are important for the function of vitamin K–dependent proteins in joint tissues. It is unclear whether these nutrients are mutually important to functional outcomes related to knee osteoarthritis (OA). We evaluated the association of vitamin K and D sufficiency with lower‐extremity function in the Health, Aging and Body Composition knee OA substudy (Health ABC) and conducted a replication analysis in an independent cohort, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI).

Methods

In Health ABC (60% female, mean ± SD age 75 ± 3 years) baseline nutrient status was measured using circulating vitamin K and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). Lower‐extremity function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and usual 20‐meter gait speed. In the OAI (58% female, mean ± SD age 61 ± 9 years), baseline nutrient intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire. Lower‐extremity function was assessed using usual 20‐meter gait speed and chair stand completion time. Multivariate mixed models were used to evaluate the association of vitamin K and D status and intake with lower‐extremity function over 4–5 years.

Results

Health ABC participants with sufficient plasma vitamin K (≥1.0 nmoles/liter) and serum 25(OH)D (≥50 nmoles/liter) generally had better SPPB scores and faster usual gait speed over followup (P ≤ 0.002). In the OAI, sufficient vitamin K and vitamin D intake combined was associated with overall faster usual gait speed and chair stand completion time over followup (P ≤ 0.029).

Conclusion

Sufficient vitamin K status combined with sufficient vitamin D status was associated with better lower‐extremity function in 2 knee OA cohorts. These findings merit confirmation in vitamin K and D co‐supplementation trials.
Liquid PMMA: A High Resolution Polymethylmethacrylate Negative Photoresist as Enabling Material for Direct Printing of Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Kotz Frederik , Arnold Karl , Wagner Stefan , Bauer Werner , Keller Nico , Nargang Tobias M. , Helmer Dorothea , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: October 2017

Polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most important thermoplasts and a commonly used material in microsystem fabrication, for example, microfluidics owning mainly to its optical transparency, biocompatibility, low autofluorescence, and low cost. However, being a thermoplastic material PMMA is typically structured using industrial replication techniques making PMMA unsuitable for rapid prototyping. The fact that neither material nor processing technique can be directly transferred from laboratory to industrial state makes the research‐to‐business conversion often extremely difficult in microfluidics since material properties have a major impact on the final system behavior. This paper presents “Liquid PMMA,” a fast curing viscous PMMA prepolymer which can be used as a negative photoresist and directly structured using ultraviolet or visible light with tens of micron resolution and smooth surfaces. Using this technique microfluidic chips in PMMA can be fabricated within minutes. The cured Liquid PMMA parts show the same high optical transparency, low autofluorescence, and surface properties like commercial PMMA. In this way, microfluidic chips can be rapidly developed and optimized on the laboratory scale in the same material which is later on used on the industrial scale.
Thiol–Ene Clickable Gelatin: A Platform Bioink for Multiple 3D Biofabrication Technologies
Authors: Bertlein Sarah , Brown Gabriella , Lim Khoon S. , Jungst Tomasz , Boeck Thomas , Blunk Torsten , Tessmar Joerg , Hooper Gary J. , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Groll Juergen
Published: October 2017

Bioprinting can be defined as the art of combining materials and cells to fabricate designed, hierarchical 3D hybrid constructs. Suitable materials, so called bioinks, have to comply with challenging rheological processing demands and rapidly form a stable hydrogel postprinting in a cytocompatible manner. Gelatin is often adopted for this purpose, usually modified with (meth‐)acryloyl functionalities for postfabrication curing by free radical photopolymerization, resulting in a hydrogel that is cross‐linked via nondegradable polymer chains of uncontrolled length. The application of allylated gelatin (GelAGE) as a thiol–ene clickable bioink for distinct biofabrication applications is reported. Curing of this system occurs via dimerization and yields a network with flexible properties that offer a wider biofabrication window than (meth‐)acryloyl chemistry, and without additional nondegradable components. An in‐depth analysis of GelAGE synthesis is conducted, and standard UV‐initiation is further compared with a recently described visible‐light‐initiator system for GelAGE hydrogel formation. It is demonstrated that GelAGE may serve as a platform bioink for several biofabrication technologies by fabricating constructs with high shape fidelity via lithography‐based (digital light processing) 3D printing and extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting, the latter supporting long‐term viability postprinting of encapsulated chondrocytes.
Biomimetic Inspired Core–Canopy Quantum Dots: Ions Trapped in Voids Induce Kinetic Fluorescence Switching
Authors: Saha Arpita , Oleshkevich Elena , Vinas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: October 2017

Closely packed hollow spheres connected through pillars to a CdSe quantum dot (QD) core produce channels through which ions navigate. This particular structure is well represented by [CdSe@CarbOPH(O)]@Cl/[N(Caprylyl)3Me1] indicating that in the channels between the canopy made by the carboranyl spheres (carboranylphosphinate, CarbOPH(O)) and the CdSe core exist chloride anions. Due to the close packing, the spheres produce openings. These are converted into gates because [N(Caprylyl)3Me1] acts as a plug. The [CdSe@CarbOPH(O)]@Cl/assembly is negatively charged because the Cd positive charges are outnumbered by the negative charges due to the Se, the phosphinic acid and, very importantly, the trapped chloride anions, and this negative load is compensated by the cationic surfactant. Here, it is shown that this synergism produces an unprecedented phenomenon, namely, kinetic fluorescence switching. It is observed that the material shines brightly then loses its brightness and, upon the application of kinetic energy, shines back to the maximum power. This process continues for an extended period of time, up to half a year, at least. This new type of architecture in QDs is named as core–canopy QDs. In this case, this study demonstrates one property, the kinetic fluorescence switching, as a consequence of the trapping of Cl− in the QDs channels, but other properties can be envisaged with the judicious choice of the anions or even the pillar connecting the hollow sphere with the ground.
FeCl3–Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Cyclic Amines with 2‐Oxo‐2‐arylacetic Acids toward Furan‐2(5H)‐one Fused N,O‐Bicyclic Compounds
Authors: Shi Xiaonan , He Yan , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: October 2017

A novel and efficient synthesis of furan‐2(5H)‐one fused N,O‐containing bicyclic compounds via the cascade reactions of N‐aryl substituted cyclic amines with 2‐oxo‐2‐arylacetic acids is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of the title compounds is initiated by the in situ formation of a cyclic enamine intermediate via FeCl3/di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (TBP)/oxygen (O2)‐promoted C(sp3)−H dehydrogenation of saturated cyclic amine. Nucleophilic addition of the cyclic enamine intermediate onto 2‐oxo‐2‐arylacetic acid followed by cyclization and dehydration gives the bicyclic heterocycle products. This intermolecular oxidative annulation constitutes an extension of tertiary amine‐based Mannich‐type β‐functionalization leading to a series of N,O‐bycyclic compounds in good yields with ease.

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The developmental origins of placental function
Authors: Taylor Tracey , Quinton Ann , Hyett Jonathan
Published: October 2017

The placenta is the link between mother and fetus and its function is central to a successful pregnancy. The predominant theory within the literature is that the development of placental dysfunction is a result of abnormal trophoblast invasion early in pregnancy. Knowledge of the development of the early placenta and the establishment of the fetomaternal circulation assists in understanding the origins of placental dysfunction which manifest later in pregnancy.

Perinatally, chronic placental dysfunction may result in a growth‐restricted fetus, maternal problems such as gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia and pregnancy complications such as placental abruption, preterm labour and delivery. In addition, the growth‐restricted fetus and the mother are at an increased risk of a myriad of disorders later in life.

The role of ultrasound in the assessment of first trimester pregnancy is evolving with the potential for value in the prediction of placental function in later pregnancy. This review will address two aims, first to describe the development of the placenta from fertilisation to 12 weeks’ gestation, correlating this with first trimester ultrasound findings. Second, to describe the link between placental development and function later in pregnancy.

Understanding the link between early placental development and later placental function is essential in directing the focus of new research addressing the role of ultrasound in the first trimester in the prediction of adverse obstetric outcomes.
Identifizierung von Interaktoren von Ubiquitinketten
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian
Published: October 2017

Als Ubiquitinierung bezeichnet man die Modifizierung von Proteinen durch Ubiquitin (Ub). Diese Modifizierung ist eine der vielfältigsten und am häufigsten in eukariotischen Zellen anzutreffenden posttranslationalen Modifikationen. Da Ub selbst ebenfalls als Substrat wirken kann, können Proteine durch eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Ubiquitinketten (Ub‐Ketten) modifiziert werden. Diese können über einen oder verschiedene Lysinreste von Ubiquitin verknüpft sein. In homogenen Ub‐Ketten sind die Ub‐Moleküle durchgehend über denselben Lysinrest verknüpft. Unter allen Kettentypen wurde dieser Typ am besten charakterisiert. Aufgrund beschränkter Zugänglichkeit sind die Funktionen von K27‐, K29‐ und K33‐verknüpften Ketten jedoch weitgehend unbekannt. Mit dem neuen Ansatz wird erstmals gezeigt, dass alle sieben homogenen Ub‐Ketten in großen Mengen herstellbar sind. Das Potenzial des Ansatzes wird deutlich durch die Identifizierung von bisher unbekannten Interaktionspartnern von K27‐, K29‐ und K33‐verknüpften Ub‐Ketten in affinitätsbasierten Proteomikstudien.
Wässrige Goldüberwachsung von Silbernanopartikeln: Vereinigung der plasmonischen Eigenschaften von Silber mit der Funktionalität von Gold
Authors: Mayer Martin , Steiner Anja Maria , Röder Falk , Formanek Petr , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas
Published: October 2017

Bis heute war es nicht möglich, die optische Güte von Silbernanopartikeln mit Eigenschaften wie chemischer Stabilität, Oberflächenmodifizierbarkeit und kontrollierter Synthese in Verbindung zu bringen. Wir präsentieren eine Synthesemethode, die zukünftige Entwicklungen in Informations‐, Energie‐ und Medizintechnologie ermöglicht, in denen optische oder elektronische Eigenschaften eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Dafür kombinieren wir die goldtypischen Eigenschaften mit der Plasmonik von Silber in einem rein wasserbasierten Au/Ag/Au‐Kern‐Schale‐Schale‐System. Die Dispersität der Nanopartikel wird durch maskierte Goldkerne vorgegeben, wobei die Optik von Silber bestimmt wird. Die Überwachsung mit einer sehr dünnen, schützenden Goldschicht verleiht Oxidationsstabilität und Oberflächenfunktionalität, ohne die optischen Eigenschaften des Silbers zu beeinträchtigen. Damit werden die optische Güte von Silber und die chemische Stabilität von Gold vereint – ohne Limitierung auf eine Morphologie.
Supramolecular Recognition Allows Remote, Site‐Selective C−H Oxidation of Methylenic Sites in Linear Amines
Authors: Olivo Giorgio , Farinelli Giulio , Barbieri Alessia , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano , Costas Miquel
Published: October 2017

Site‐selective C−H functionalization of aliphatic alkyl chains is a longstanding challenge in oxidation catalysis, given the comparable relative reactivity of the different methylenes. A supramolecular, bioinspired approach is described to address this challenge. A Mn complex able to catalyze C(sp3)‐H hydroxylation with H2O2 is equipped with 18‐benzocrown‐6 ether receptors that bind ammonium substrates via hydrogen bonding. Reversible pre‐association of protonated primary aliphatic amines with the crown ether selectively exposes remote positions (C8 and C9) to the oxidizing unit, resulting in a site‐selective oxidation. Remarkably, such control of selectivity retains its efficiency for a whole series of linear amines, overriding the intrinsic reactivity of C−H bonds, no matter the chain length.
Tuneable Transient Thermogels Mediated by a pH‐ and Redox‐Regulated Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Spitzer Daniel , Rodrigues Leona Lucas , Straßburger David , Mezger Markus , Besenius Pol
Published: October 2017

A multistimuli‐responsive transient supramolecular polymerization of β‐sheet‐encoded dendritic peptide monomers in water is presented. The amphiphiles, which contain glutamic acid and methionine, undergo a glucose oxidase catalyzed, glucose‐fueled transient hydrogelation in response to an interplay of pH and oxidation stimuli, promoted by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adjusting the enzyme and glucose concentration allows tuning of the assembly and the disassembly rates of the supramolecular polymers, which dictate the stiffness and transient stability of the hydrogels. The incorporation of triethylene glycol chains introduces thermoresponsive properties to the materials. We further show that repair enzymes are able to reverse the oxidative damage in the methionine‐based thioether side chains. Since ROS play an important role in signal transduction cascades, our strategy offers great potential for applications of these dynamic biomaterials in redox microenvironments.
Basin‐scale distribution and haplotype partitioning in different genetic lineages of the Neotropical migratory fish Salminus brasiliensis
Authors: Rosso Juan José , Rueda Eva C. , Sanchez Sebastián , Bruno María Cecilia , Casciotta Jorge , Aguilera Gastón , Almirón Adriana E. , Ruiz Díaz Federico J. , Cancino Delia Fabiana , Bugeau Baltazar , Mabragaña Ezequiel , González‐Castro Mariano , Delpiani Matías , Díaz de Astarloa Juan Martín
Published: October 2017

Four valid species are currently recognized in the Neotropical migratory genus Salminus: Salminus brasiliensis, Salminus franciscanus, Salminus hilarii and Salminus affinis. However, molecular evidence strongly suggested that two different species might be contained under the taxonomic denomination Salminus brasiliensis. Therefore, the geographical distribution of each entity was evaluated in order to understand their contribution to the different stocks of major river networks in South America.

Major river networks of the La Plata River basin were explored to characterize the geographical distribution of the two genetic lineages. To characterize further the genetic partitioning within each lineage of S. brasiliensis, a haplotype analysis was conducted. The 5′ region of the mitochondrial COI gene was used as the molecular marker. In total, 45 fish samples of S. brasiliensis from 19 sites in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay were sequenced. Additional COI sequences of S. brasiliensis, S. franciscanus and S. hilarii were gathered from public databases.

All samples of S. brasiliensis comprised two different mitochondrial lineages. Accordingly, phylogenetic tree topologies segregated the complete set of sequences into two disparate clusters. One of these clusters was far closer phylogenetically to S. hilarii than to other S. brasiliensis.

While one of the genetic lineages of S. brasiliensis seemed mostly restricted to the upper Paraná River, the other showed a widespread distribution along major river networks of the basin.

Fifteen unique haplotypes were identified and collapsed. Salminus hilarii and S. franciscanus have private haplotypes. In S. brasiliensis, each mitochondrial lineage also hosts a set of unshared haplotypes.

The sympatry of two different putative species within S. brasiliensis together with their unshared haplotypes present a difficult situation for management and conservation that calls for timely solutions.
A Rare Variant (rs933717) at FBXO31‐MAP1LC3B in Chinese Is Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Qi Yuan‐yuan , Zhou Xu‐jie , Nath Swapan K. , Sun Celi , Wang Yan‐na , Hou Ping , Mu Rong , Li Chun , Guo Jian‐ping , Li Zhan‐guo , Wang Geng , Xu Hu‐ji , Hao Yan‐jie , Zhang Zhuo‐li , Yue Wei‐hua , Zhang Huoru , Zhao Ming‐hui , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2017

Objective

Recent evidence from genetic, cell biology, and animal model studies has suggested a pivotal role of autophagy in mediating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the genetic basis has not yet been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify additional susceptibility variants in autophagy‐related genes along with their functional significance.

Methods

First, we performed a gene family–based genetic association analysis in SLE patients with the use of ImmunoChip arrays, and then we selected the most strongly associated polymorphisms for replication in additional cohorts. To identify regulatory clues, we analyzed publicly available blood expression quantitative trait locus data and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements data on transcription factor binding sites and cell type‐specific differential expression. Functional effects were tested by luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and differential gene expression assays.

Results

In 14,474 samples, we observed that the rare Chinese variant rs933717T was associated with susceptibility to SLE (0.11% in cases versus 0.87% in controls; P = 2.36 × 10–10, odds ratio 0.13). The rs933717 risk allele C correlated with increased MAP1LC3B expression; increased MAP1LC3B messenger RNA was observed in SLE patients and in lupus‐prone mice. In reporter gene constructs, the risk allele increased luciferase activity up to 2.7‐3.8‐fold in both HEK 293T and Jurkat cell lines, and the binding of HEK 293T and Jurkat cell nuclear extracts to the risk allele was also increased.

Conclusion

We observed a likely genetic association between light chain 3B, a widely used marker for autophagy, and susceptibility to SLE.
Synthesis of 3a,7a‐Dihydroindoles via Rhodium‐catalyzed Intermolecular Formal [3 + 2] Transannulation Reactions of Triazoles with Alkyl‐substituted Benzene Derivatives
Authors: Kim Hyunseok , Kim Sun‐Eung , Jeon Woo Hyung , Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho
Published: October 2017

A synthetic method for a variety of 3a,7a‐dihydroindoles was demonstrated from Rh‐catalyzed intermolecular formal [3 + 2] transannulation reaction of 4‐aryl‐1‐sulfonyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles with alkyl‐substituted benzene derivatives under microwave irradiation.
Evaluate options, legal issues tied to criminal background checks in admissions process
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: October 2017

In the debate about whether to conduct criminal background checks in the admissions process, an institution's value of campus safety and the perception that a campus is safe bump up against the value of access to higher education. Many colleges and universities feel pressure to use criminal background checks because doing so might protect against potential liability and can also demonstrate the institution's commitment to campus safety.
A Facile Cyclization Method Improves Peptide Serum Stability and Confers Intrinsic Fluorescence
Authors: Ngambenjawong Chayanon , Gustafson Heather H. , Sylvestre Meilyn , Pun Suzie H.
Published: October 2017

Peptides are a growing class of macromolecules used in pharmaceutics. The path toward the clinical use of candidate peptides involves sequence optimization and cyclization for stability and affinity. For internalized peptides, tagging is also often required for intracellular trafficking studies, although fluorophore conjugation has an impact on peptide binding, permeability, and localization. Herein, a strategy based on cysteine arylation with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (4F‐2CN), which simultaneously cyclizes peptides and imparts fluorescence, is reported. The 4F‐2CN cyclization of an M2 macrophage‐targeting peptide yields, in a single step, a peptide with improved serum stability, intrinsic fluorescence, and increased binding affinity. In a murine breast cancer model, it is demonstrated that the intrinsic fluorescence from the cyclized peptide is sufficient for monitoring biodistribution by whole‐organ fluorescence imaging and cell internalization by flow cytometry.
A novel technique for simultaneous hemostasis of ipsilateral radial and ulnar artery access sites
Authors: Roberts Jonathan S. , Niu Jianli
Published: October 2017

With the increased use of transradial artery access (TRA) for diagnostic and coronary interventional procedures, crossover to the ipsilateral ulnar artery after TRA failure is being reported more frequently. A major challenge with ipsilateral transradial and ulnar artery access is achieving efficient patent hemostasis of both the radial and ulnar arteries at the completion of the procedure. In this report, we describe two cases of failed TRA with subsequent ipsilateral ulnar artery access. A novel and practical technique of simultaneous patent hemostasis of both the ipsilateral radial and ulnar artery access sites is described, using a QuikClot® Radial® hemostasis pad and a TR Band®.
Zn2+ Interrupts R4‐R3 Association Leading to Accelerated Aggregation of Tau Protein
Authors: Jiji A. C. , Arshad A. , Dhanya S. R. , Shabana P. S. , Mehjubin C. K. , Vijayan Vinesh
Published: October 2017

Direct binding of divalent metal ion, especially Zn2+, have been shown to increase the rate of tau aggregation and enhance tau toxicity in cells. Hence, understanding the molecular basis of the Zn2+‐accelerated tau aggregation can potentially determine the molecular interactions modulating tau aggregation. Herein, we show that Zn2+ coordinates through the cysteine in R3 repeat and significantly accelerates the aggregation rate of the three repeat tau constructs (K19) but that the coordination is incapable of increasing the aggregation rate of the 20 amino acid peptide derived from the R3 repeat (R3) of tau. The NMR characterization of the binding of Zn2+ to K19, together with the aggregation studies with K19, R3 and R4 peptides, reveal the presence of an aggregation‐inhibitory interaction between the R3 and R4 repeat of K19. Our data show that binding of Zn2+ to R3 repeat of tau, weaken the aggregation‐inhibiting influence between R3 and R4 repeats, leading to faster aggregation of tau protein.
The site of care matters: An examination of the relationship between high Medicaid burden hospitals and the use, cost, and complications of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: Offodile Anaeze C. , Muldoon L. Daniel , Gani Faiz , Canner Joseph K. , Jacobs Lisa K.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Diminished use and worse outcomes after immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) have been documented for Medicaid beneficiaries. However, to the authors' knowledge, the contribution of patient clustering at hospitals with a high percentage of Medicaid patients to these inequalities in IBR delivery is unknown.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional analysis of patients undergoing IBR after mastectomy using the 2007 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was performed. Hospital Medicaid status was calculated as the percentage of all patients with Medicaid as a primary payer. Tertile groupings were generated to enable statistical analysis. Hierarchical regression models were used to investigate the link between Medicaid status and IBR use, outcomes, and costs. A subgroup of patients undergoing IBR for noninvasive cancer or those with increased genetic risk were used to study IBR use.

RESULTS

A total of 30,086 IBR cases in 1199 hospitals were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated an association between high Medicaid burden hospitals and significantly decreased odds of IBR among patients with in situ disease and/or an elevated risk of cancer (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.507‐0.806). Increasing age, obesity, being nonwhite, having more comorbid conditions, and having government insurance were found to be associated with diminished odds of IBR (P<.001 in all instances). In‐hospital surgical and medical complication rates were comparable across the 3 strata of hospital Medicaid status. Log‐adjusted costs of care were found to be positively associated with a higher hospital Medicaid burden status (coefficient of 0.038 [95% CI, 0.011‐0.066] for medium Medicaid burden hospitals and coefficient of 0.053 [95% CI, 0.015‐0.093] for high Medicaid burden hospitals).

CONCLUSIONS

High Medicaid burden hospital status is associated with an attenuation of IBR use and increased total inpatient costs. Structures of care such as hospital resources partially explain disparities in IBR delivery. Cancer 2018;124:346‐55. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Massage therapy decreases cancer‐related fatigue: Results from a randomized early phase trial
Authors: Kinkead Becky , Schettler Pamela J. , Larson Erika R. , Carroll Dedric , Sharenko Margaret , Nettles James , Edwards Sherry A. , Miller Andrew H. , Torres Mylin A. , Dunlop Boadie W. , Rakofsky Jeffrey J. , Rapaport Mark Hyman
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and debilitating symptom experienced by cancer survivors, yet treatment options for CRF are limited. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of weekly Swedish massage therapy (SMT) versus an active control condition (light touch [LT]) and waitlist control (WLC) on persistent CRF in breast cancer survivors.

METHODS

This early phase, randomized, single‐masked, 6‐week investigation of SMT, LT, and WLC enrolled 66 female stage 0‐III breast cancer survivors (age range, 32‐72 years) who had received surgery plus radiation and/or chemotherapy/chemoprevention with CRF (Brief Fatigue Inventory > 25). The primary outcome was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), with the National Institutes of Health PROMIS Fatigue scale secondary.

RESULTS

Mean baseline MFI scores for 57 evaluable subjects were 62.95 for SMT, 55.00 for LT, and 60.41 for WLC. SMT resulted in a mean (standard deviation) 6‐week reduction in MFI total scores of −16.50 (6.37) (n = 20) versus −8.06 (6.50) for LT (n = 20) and an increase of 5.88 (6.48) points for WLC (n = 17) (treatment‐by‐time P < .0001). The mean baseline PROMIS Fatigue scores were SMT, 22.25; LT, 22.05; and WLC, 23.24. The mean (standard deviation) reduction in PROMIS Fatigue scores was −5.49 (2.53) points for SMT versus −3.24 (2.57) points for LT and −0.06 (1.88) points for WLC (treatment‐by‐time P = .0008). Higher credibility, expectancy, and preference for SMT than for LT did not account for these results.

CONCLUSION

SMT produced clinically significant relief of CRF. This finding suggests that 6 weeks of a safe, widely accepted manual intervention causes a significant reduction in fatigue, a debilitating sequela for cancer survivors. Cancer 2018;124:546‐54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Assessment of cytologic differentiation in high‐grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Sigel Carlie S. , Krauss Silva Vitor Werneck , Reid Michelle D. , Chhieng David , Basturk Olca , Sigel Keith M. , Daniel Tanisha D. , Klimstra David S. , Tang Laura H.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Well‐differentiated (WD) and poorly differentiated (PD) pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are biologically distinct entities with different therapies and prognoses. WD neoplasms with elevated proliferation (Ki‐67 > 20%) have been shown to have an overlapping histology with PD neuroendocrine carcinomas. This study compared expert cytomorphologic assessments of differentiation in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in a multi‐institutional study.

METHODS

Fine‐needle aspiration specimens from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (grade 2 [G2] and grade 3 [G3] according to the 2017 World Health Organization classification; n = 72) were diagnosed independently by 3 cytopathologists as WD or PD (poorly differentiated large cell type [PD‐L] or poorly differentiated small cell type [PD‐S]) purely on the basis of cytomorphology. Their diagnoses were compared with a final classification supported by immunohistochemistry (retinoblastoma (RB), death domain‐ associated protein (DAXX), and α thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X‐linked (ATRX) protein expression), targeted mutation analysis (Memorial Sloan Kettering–Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets), prior history of G1/G2 histology, and consensus.

RESULTS

The rate of agreement on differentiation was 38% (15 WD cases and 12 PD cases) for the 70 cases included (55 WD cases [n = 19 G2, n = 31 G3, and n = 5 could not be graded] and 15 PD cases [n = 6 PD‐S, n = 6 PD‐L, and n = 3 PD, not otherwise specified). Two cases could not be classified by the employed methods. PD carcinomas had a higher rate of agreement (10 of 15 [67%]) than WD neoplasms (15 of 55 [27%]). Round nuclei and plasmacytoid cells were associated with agreement for WD cases, whereas apoptosis and angulated nuclei were associated with disagreement. Necrosis was associated with agreement for PD cases.

CONCLUSIONS

A purely morphologic approach to the distinction between G2 and G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms based on cytology can be challenging, with disagreement found among experienced cytopathologists. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:44‐53. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Fast Lithium‐Ion Transportation in Crystalline Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Bin , Yang Guang , Wu Jin‐Ze , Wang Jia‐Chen , Chen Qun , Yao Ye‐Feng
Published: October 2017

Fast lithium‐ion transportation is found in the crystalline polymer electrolytes, α‐CD‐PEOn/Li+ (n=12, 40), prepared by self‐assembly of α‐cyclodextrin (CD), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Li+ salts. A detailed solid‐state NMR study combined with the X‐ray diffraction technique reveals the unique structural features of the samples, that is, a) the tunnel structure formed by the assembled CDs, providing the ordered long‐range pathway for Li+ ion transportation; b) the all‐trans conformational sequence of the PEO chains in the tunnels, attenuating significantly the coordination between Li+ and the EO segments. The origin of the fast lithium‐ion transportation has been attributed to these unique structural features. This work demonstrates the first example in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for “creating” fast ion transportation through material design and will find potential applications in the design of new ionconducting SPE materials.