bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les contradictions du capitalisme informationnel à la lumière de l’affaire Renault, 2010-2011
Authors: Flandrin Laure
Published: February 2018

L’affaire Renault (2010-2011) est une fausse affaire d’espionnage industriel dans laquelle le service de sécurité du groupe a accusé à tort trois cadres de haut niveau pour divulgation de secrets industriels à la Chine au sujet du véhicule électrique. Cet article s’appuie sur une analyse structurelle de cette affaire avec l’ambition d’examiner les tendances contradictoires du capitalisme de type informationnel. Au cœur de l’affaire, c’est d’abord la tension entre espionnage et contre-espionnage, secret des affaires et secret personnel, que la médiatisation du scandale a permis de révéler. Mais cette tension doit être réinsérée dans un ensemble contradictoire plus vaste : entre protection et menace, concurrence et monopole d’innovation, privatisation des protections et imitation sécuritaire des pratiques étatiques, autonomie personnelle et contrôle salarial. Comme toutes les grandes affaires, l’affaire Renault manifeste l’arrivée aux limites de ces contradictions.
Les lecteurs de la Bibliothèque nationale au XIX e siècle. L’apport des registres de prêt
Authors: Blasselle Bruno
Published: February 2018

L’histoire de la lecture dans les bibliothèques reste encore un domaine mal connu. Cette lacune peut-elle, pour les grandes bibliothèques parisiennes au XIX e siècle, être comblée par l’exploitation systématique des registres de prêts de livres à l’extérieur ? Ils n’ont jusqu’ici été utilisés que pour des recherches consacrées à de grands écrivains. Leur consultation en est parfois difficile car ils ont été inégalement et souvent médiocrement tenus. L’article, en prenant l’exemple de la Bibliothèque nationale, s’attache à démontrer que malgré les critiques incessantes dont elle a été l’objet, cette pratique était loin d’être quantitativement négligeable (plusieurs milliers de prêts par an) jusqu’aux grandes réformes du Second Empire. Son étude peut donc apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les emprunteurs (origine géographique, statut social, activité scientifique) et leurs lectures.
Paradoxical Anatomic Response to Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor in X-linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Menke Brandon , Walters Alex , Payne John F.
Published: February 2018

An 11-year-old boy presented for central vision blurring in each eye. Visual acuity was 20/80 and examination revealed spoke-wheel foveal schisis and peripheral elevated diaphanous inner retina in each eye. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed inner-retinal, flat-topped cysts in each eye. Electrophysiologic testing was refused, but a clinical diagnosis of X-linked retinoschisis was made. Three months after topical dorzolamide (Trusopt; Santen Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) was started, the macular cysts worsened significantly. The medication was stopped and 3 months later, the macular anatomy returned to baseline. Physicians should be aware of this potential paradoxical anatomic response to topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy in X-linked retinoschisis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:142–144.]
Luis Gutiérrez Soto en Sevilla. 1954-1965
Authors: Carbajal-Ballell R.
Published: February 2018

Entre 1954 y 1965 Luis Gutiérrez Soto proyectó y construyó en Sevilla tres inmuebles de vivienda colectiva de gran dimensión para la Plaza de Cuba, gran puerta de ingreso al ensanche de Triana en Los Remedios. Si bien estas edificaciones se encuentran recogidas en diversos catálogos de arquitectura contemporánea (1) (2) y guías de arquitectura de la ciudad (3), en los estudios completos de su obra únicamente aparecen recogidas en los índices generales, sin que haya sido considerada su incidencia sobre el contexto arquitectónico sevillano de la época. Este artículo pretende señalar la trascendencia que estos tres proyectos tuvieron en la implantación y el desarrollo posterior de esta tipología en la ciudad de Sevilla, llegando a convertirse en referentes esenciales para arquitectos locales y futuros usuarios de estas viviendas.
Estudios reales en banco de pruebas de la Casa ETH de Recursos Naturales – protección superficial de la madera para aplicaciones exteriores
Authors: Guo H. , Michen B. , Burgert I.
Published: February 2018

La creciente demanda de materiales de construcción sostenibles en áreas urbanas requiere nuevos recubrimientos protectores de madera, que conservan el aspecto natural de la madera al tiempo que minimizan los periodos de mantenimiento. Este trabajo presenta tres procesos diferentes de modificación de superficies de madera y evalúa su efecto protector contra la intemperie después de la aplicación en una fachada de prueba de la Casa de Recursos Naturales ETH (HoNR), un living lab recientemente abierto ubicado en Zürich, Suiza. Se controló la decoloración después de la exposición al aire libre de las formulaciones mejoradas de revestimientos delgados de óxido de metal desarrollados en el laboratorio. Se hizo hincapié en recubrimientos casi transparentes y duraderos con propiedades hidrófugas para disminuir la decoloración debida a la luz ultravioleta y al ataque biológico. Esto debería conducir a fachadas de madera con una mayor durabilidad y, por lo tanto, impulsar una utilización mejorada de recursos renovables y de almacenamiento de CO2.
Missing Compensation: A Study of Compensatory Mitigation and Fish Passage in Georgia
Authors: Duncan William W. , Bowers Kathleen M. , Frisch John R.
Published: February 2018

Thousands of permit applications are filed annually with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, requiring significant review efforts to ensure that applications conform to regulations, and that proposed activities avoid, minimize, and compensate for stream and wetland impacts. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain. We evaluated the effectiveness of those regulatory efforts using newly installed stream–road crossings as a case study because crossings are pervasive on the landscape and many U.S. Army Corp of Engineers jurisdictions have requirements that are aimed at minimizing crossing-induced impacts to fish passage. Specifically, we assessed whether requirements intended to facilitate fish passage were implemented, whether requirements resulted in fish-passable stream–road crossings, and whether the amount of construction-related stream impact that was authorized by permits corresponded to the amount of compensation that was required. Our analysis is devoted solely to stream–road crossings in Georgia that are permitted under nationwide permits, the permit type commonly used to authorize activities in streams throughout the United States. We found that no new crossings conformed entirely to the requirements intended to avoid and minimize impacts to fish passage. The measured total stream impact length in this study was 46.0% higher than the amount of impact proposed in permit applications for perennial streams, and 23.7% higher for intermittent and ephemeral streams. Only 30.6% of the perennial stream length affected in this study received compensation for impacts even though 90.9% of impacts qualified. Collectively, these results indicate that regulations and mitigation policies are not having their intended effects of providing fish passage or preventing net loss of streams in Georgia as required under the Clean Water Act. We recommend that decision makers undertake a more geographically comprehensive evaluation of stream impacts that are authorized by permits to thoroughly evaluate regulatory effectiveness and impacts to fish passage.
Role of Organizational Project Maturity on Business Success
Authors: Yazici Hulya Julie
Published: February 2018

This chapter reports findings from two studies on the progress made with respect to project maturity based on OPM3 metrics and the role project maturity plays on organizational performance. Maybe it is a little surprising that the signification effect of maturity is not reported directly on project success. This research demonstrates the significant contribution of project maturity on perceived organizational internal and external performance. The increase in organizational project maturity levels 3 and higher during the last five years is certainly promising and signals a positive outlook for the future. The chapter also discusses the importance of the organizational maturity and the new paradigms of maturity and sustainable development, beneficial to project maturity research.
Organizational Maturity and Project
Authors: Bushuyev Sergey , Verenych Olena
Published: February 2018

The success of a project, program, or portfolio realization is dependent on cooperation between a project manager/team project and stakeholders. This cooperation can be provided via a blended mental space; the main function of it is interaction and communication support of all participants in the project process throughout the project lifecycle. The blended mental space building requires creation of the specific methodology, which is based on the technical maturity models used. In the frame of the chapter, two new organizational maturity models are described. They are offered by IPMA through its internationally widespread member associations: IPMA Delta for assessing and developing project management maturity and the IPMA Organizational Competence Baseline (OCB), acting as a reference model for IPMA Delta. In addition to this description, a case study reveals insights into the usage of IPMA Delta and the benefits realized through a holistic assessment of project management maturity.
Developing Project Management Maturity as an Organizational Change Process
Authors: Silvius Gilbert
Published: February 2018

The entanglement of project management and the management of organizational change is not reflected in the literature on and standards of project management maturity. Studies on maturity concentrate on identifying the components that determine an organization's maturity, the levels in which this maturity can be expressed, and the effects of maturity. However, the process of changing from one level to another level is hardly or not addressed. By taking an organizational change perspective on developing maturity, this chapter develops a framework that provides guidance for the development of maturity. For every transition, from one level to another, a set of interventions is provided that addresses both the hard and the soft dimensions of organizational change. Successful project management maturity development requires that equal attention is being paid to both the hard and the soft dimensions of organizational change. The framework developed in this chapter provide guidance for this.
Contextualizing Social Presence and Learner Identity Through the Lens of Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance
Authors: Marmon Michael
Published: February 2018

Online education has become a ubiquitous and convenient method by which to complete courses at institutions of higher education across the globe. To achieve this level of parity between course delivery methods (online or face-to-face), the instructor or course designer must understand the complex relationship between the technology and instructional design theories being leveraged in these contexts. Within the context of this chapter, these barriers manifest themselves within Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance, a theory which states that the transactional distance between stakeholders (whether it is instructor-learner or learner-learner communication) has the potential to obstruct the path for comprehending the information being presented as well as influencing the level of rapport between students. This chapter examines the obstacles that are present because of Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance and the influence that social presence has on learners in online courses from the perspective of student satisfaction and positive learning outcomes.
On Social Presence
Authors: Triberti Stefano , Brivio Eleonora , Galimberti Carlo
Published: February 2018

Social presence in online learning communities may be defined as the degree to which a learner feels connected with other learners and the teacher/educator, within a computer-mediated context. However, social presence is a broad construct that cannot be reduced to its manifestation in the specific context of distance-learning communities. How can we feel the presence of others? And, in virtue of what such a sensation may establish in our consciousness when others are actually not present in the physical environment we are in? This chapter includes a review of the main theoretical proposals to understand social presence, along with their guidelines to promote it, specific instruments and possible criticalities. Then, the different theories on social presence are resumed and integrated, in order to provide practical design guidelines open to the new technologies that may constitute innovative resources for the computer-mediated learning tools of the future (virtual reality, virtual worlds, augmented reality, and ambient intelligence).
Advancing Social Presence, Community, and Cognition Through Online Discussions
Authors: Gronseth Susie , Zhang Haoyue
Published: February 2018

Discussions are an essential component of online learning and an ingredient in establishing learner and instructor presence. Online discussions are generally considered key to student success, but they can be challenging to design and facilitate effectively. Engaging discussions show learners' presence, provide a means for students to make external what they are working through cognitively, and facilitate community and connections among students and faculty. This chapter presents multiple tool and format options that designers and instructors can select from to effectively prepare for and facilitate discussion activities that promote social presence. It offers strategies for facilitation and assessment of student participation in online discussions and recommendations for writing discussion questions and structuring discussion activities to enhance social comfort and meaningful interactions in online learning experiences.
Responding to Contemporary Needs of Learning Communities Through Utilizing Emerging Social Networking Tools
Authors: Demir Elif Buğra Kuzu , Akbulut Yavuz
Published: February 2018

This chapter aims to understand the nature of the learning processes of students who resorted to social networking sites (SNSs) during instructional activities. Throughout the research, a blended learning environment (BLE) involving both SNSs and face-to-face activities was utilized. Frequently used SNSs such as Google+, Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr were used in accordance with the preferences of the students. Through synchronous, asynchronous, and multimedia supported affordances of SNSs, it was aimed to improve the learning experiences of the students. Explorations revealed that affordances of different SNSs facilitated students' customization of the tools in the BLE for relevant purposes throughout the course. Participants mentioned that they were satisfied with the course, expressed their intention to use contemporary SNSs for their own instructional activities, appreciated the free and flexible learning atmosphere provided by the BLE, and underlined the importance of communication and sharing opportunities among all stakeholders in the classroom.
Health Information Systems and Their Usefulness Among the Women Folk of Kanyakumari District, India
Authors: Gnanabai R.
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how health is the most precious component for the happiness and all-round development of human being in the society. Alongside this, information is an important resource for individual growth and survival. Therefore, a Health Information System (HIS) is a system for collecting/processing of data from various sources, and using the information for policy-making and management of health services. This chapter discusses health literacy and its association with health information needs and health information literacy, the status of women in India and their influence in the well-being of the family, and the impact of HIS. This chapter also proves that with enough data obtained from the women of Kanyakumari District in India, the government's policy needs to be directed towards women for the success of its health-care programmes.
Role of Bibliographical Databases in Measuring Information
Authors: Hariharan S. , Prasanth V. S. , Saravanan P.
Published: February 2018

The quantum of information being produced has made the information scientists to devise various ways and means to effectively organize and disseminate them when needed. Bibliographical, citation and abstracting databases are the some of the tools. This chapter intends to describe the conceptual base of bibliographical databases, their genesis and impact in library science perspective and their importance in measuring information. The chapter also presents the science of measuring information using various quantitative and qualitative approaches like bibliometrics and scientometrics.
Dynamics of Indian Forensic Science Research
Authors: Jeyasekar J. John
Published: February 2018

Science and technology are continuously changing as new discoveries and inventions are made. Research funding agencies, project directors, and individual researches need to keep a tab on these dynamics. This chapter tracks the research directions of forensic science for a period of thirty-eight years starting from 1975. Data for the analysis was obtained from SCOPUS bibliographic and citation database. Over the study period there was an exponential growth of forensic science literature and documentation. The United States of America contributed about one fourth of the research papers published while the most prolific author was Bruce Budowle (University of Texas). The majority of the contributors were from the non-governmental sector. The Journal of Forensic Sciences was the most productive journal during the study period in terms of number of published papers. It was also found that internationally collaborated papers attracted more citations.
Making Agricultural Input Subsidies More Effective and Profitable in Africa
Authors: Kanyamuka Joseph S. , Jumbe Charles B. L. , Ricker-Gilbert Jacob
Published: February 2018

The combined effects of declining soil fertility, continuous mono-cropping, poor crop residues management, and limited resources are considered the major constraints to increased crop productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is for this reason that most African governments in Sub-Saharan Africa have been implementing farm input support programmes to boost smallholder production. While substantial amounts of resources are committed to support such programmes, evidence suggests that the increased use of modern inputs such as inorganic fertilizers on the main staple food crops appear to be only marginally profitable or even unprofitable. There is a renewed realization that the use of fertilizer input alone to raise farm productivity is likely to be impeded, if sufficient attention is not given to complementary interventions such as integrated soil fertility management technologies and extension services. This chapter provides evidence from several African countries on the role of complementary interventions in enhancing profitability, effectiveness, and efficiency with which farm inputs such as inorganic fertilizer and improved seed are applied.
Economic Impact Assessment of the National Fadama Development Project on Rural Farming Communities in Niger State of Nigeria
Authors: Abu Godwin Anjeinu , Okpachu Steve A. , Mallam M.
Published: February 2018

The chapter tested the hypotheses that the National Fadama Development Project had no significant effect on the income of Fadama farmers and that there is no difference in the profit of sugar cane and rice, the two major crops cultivated in the project. Primary data were collected in 2007 through the use of questionnaire randomly administered to 150 farmers in Niger state who are Fadama beneficiaries. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and gross margin analysis. The results of the study showed that sugar cane gave the highest gross margin of N93,460 and rice with a gross margin of N 51,051 gave the highest return per Naira invested of 1.77. The study showed that the difference between the pre-project and post-project income was insignificant at 5%. Scarcity of production inputs and the attendant environmental degradation were the constraints experienced in the project. The chapter concludes that Fadama projects positively impacted on beneficiaries by sustainably increasing farm income. The chapter recommends that the National Fadama Development Project should make timely provision of subsidized production inputs.
An Analysis of Usage-Induced Big Data
Authors: K. Sameera , Swarnalatha P.
Published: February 2018

With the predominance of administration registering and distributed computing, an ever-increasing number of administrations are developing on the internet, producing tremendous volume of information. The mind-boggling administration-created information turn out to be too extensive and complex to be successfully prepared by customary methodologies. The most effective method to store, oversee, and make values from the administration-situated enormous information turn into a vital research issue. With the inexorably huge measure of information, a solitary framework that gives normal usefulness to overseeing and dissecting diverse sorts of administration-produced enormous information is critically required. To address this test, this chapter gives a review of administration-produced huge information and big data-as-a-service. Initially, three sorts of administration-produced huge information are abused to upgrade framework execution. At that point, big data-as-a-service, including big data infrastructure-as-a-Service, big data platform-as-a-service, and big data analytics software-as-a-service, is utilized to give regular huge information-related administrations (e.g., getting to benefit-produced huge information and information investigation results) to clients to improve effectiveness and lessen cost.
Research Analysis of Development Pipelines in Augmented and Virtual Reality Technologies
Authors: Peddiraju Pronay , Swarnalatha P.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to observe the 3D asset development and product development process for creating real-world solutions using augmented and virtual reality technologies. To do this, the authors create simulative software solutions that can be used in assisting corporations with training activities. The method involves using augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) training tools to cut costs. By applying AR and VR technologies for training purposes, a cost reduction can be observed. The application of AR and VR technologies can help in using smartphones, high performance computers, head mounted displays (HMDs), and other such technologies to provide solutions via simulative environments. By implementing a good UX (user experience), the solutions can be seen to cause improvements in training, reduce on-site training risks and cut costs rapidly. By creating 3D simulations driven by engine mechanics, the applications for AR and VR technologies are vast ranging from purely computer science oriented applications such as data and process simulations to mechanical equipment and environmental simulations. This can help users further familiarize with potential scenarios.
Big Data for Satellite Image Processing
Authors: Remya S.  , Somula Ramasubbareddy , Nalluri Sravani , Vaishali R.  , Sasikala R.
Published: February 2018

This chapter presents an introduction to the basics in big data including architecture, modeling, and the tools used. Big data is a term that is used for serving the high volume of data that can be used as an alternative to RDBMS and the other analytical technologies such as OLAP. For every application there exist databases that contain the essential information. But the sizes of the databases vary in different applications and we need to store, extract, and modify these databases. In order to make it useful, we have to deal with it efficiently. This is the place that big data plays an important role. Big data exceeds the processing and the overall capacity of other traditional databases. In this chapter, the basic architecture, tools, modeling, and challenges are presented in each section.
Different Perceptions of Factors Affecting the Financial Sustainability in Public Administrations
Authors: Bolívar Manuel Pedro Rodríguez , Subires María Deseada López
Published: February 2018

With the public finance crisis, the analysis of financial sustainability in governments, its influential factors, and the examination of politicians' perceptions about them have become relevant. In fact, it could be necessary to know whether politicians perceive as drivers or risk factors of financial sustainability those variables that prior research has identified with empirical findings. This chapter seeks to identify whether politicians are aware of influential factors previously identified by prior research for financial sustainability and whether personal characteristics of politicians (age, gender, or educational background) could influence this perception. So, an e-survey targeting politicians was conducted in sample of Spanish municipalities to capture their perceptions on potential risk factors and drivers, comparing this result with the findings obtained by prior research. Findings of this chapter indicate that there are different perceptions of politicians about drivers and risk factors among respondents according to their age, gender, and educational background.
Global Crisis and Financial Distress Likelihood of SMEs
Authors: Quintiliani Andrea
Published: February 2018

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, this chapter sheds light on the determinants of the financial distress costs between Italian and German small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The authors propose an innovative formulation of the expected costs originated by financial distress expressed as the product of the expected financial distress likelihood times the total amount of the financial distress costs if insolvency does occur. The model is estimated using panel data methodology on samples from two European countries (Italy and Germany). The results indicate that the amount of ex-post costs depends on derivative financial instruments, intangible assets, and relation with local banks (small local banks rather than large banking groups).
From Inception to Implementation
Authors: Garima
Published: February 2018

Goods and service tax (GST) is a partially centralized and unified indirect taxation system on goods and services, which will sculpt India as a one common market place. GST on one side is being regarded as a paradigm shift in Indian taxation system, as it will comprehend all the indirect taxes levied on manufacturing, sale, and consumption of goods and services across pan India while on the other side there is lot of commotion over its implementation as it is generally perceived that it will bring no benefit for the country as a whole and rather will create more ambiguity cross state and center. Taking cognizance of the shift in the Indian taxation structure and emergence of the GST, the present chapter addresses this dilemma and contradictions by commenting on the various aspects and impacts of GST, specifically on the Indian e-commerce industry.
Employee Happiness a Valuable Tool to Drive Organisations
Authors: Dahiya Rinki , Rangnekar Santosh
Published: February 2018

Are your employees happy? How happy are they? Does happiness really matter? It is well said that when people are monetarily capitalized, they want a return, and when people are emotionally devoted, they want to contribute. In organisations, emotions are imperative. Emotions, whether positive or negative, drive our behaviour, especially at the workplace where the contribution of each employee is an asset to the organisation. So, the query arises, Can organisations employ positive emotional contagion to change the behaviour of individuals to do what they want? This chapter emphasizes a new ground that happiness is having critical importance in today's parlance to both employees and employers. This chapter presents a snapshot of various definitions, theories, findings of various studies, causes, and consequences of happiness and unhappiness in the organisation and how the happiness can be nurtured or improved at the workplace.
Service Innovation and Its Consequences
Authors: Tyagi Mrinal , Hulyalkar Hrishikesh , Kothari Harshvardhan , Kapoor Amrita , Bhatia Aishwarya , Vij Alisha
Published: February 2018

The corporate world in the present times pays special heed to the skills, knowledge, and attitude of an employee as these characteristics plays a crucial part in the success of the organization where the employee works. In this chapter, the authors map the various aspects that are completely indispensable for the learning and development of the employee given by the leader ultimately transforming the employee into a more efficient and responsible professional. Pervading the relevant knowledge to the employee and the organization by a leader can cause tremendous change in the behavior and performance of the employee. This exchange of knowledge results in a more focused approach and instills a sense of belief within the employee, and this creates a camaraderie that leads to smooth working and creates a milieu of trust and confidence in turn benefiting the organization in the long run.
Does Locus of Control Mediate the Relationship Between Personality Integration and Self-Disclosure?
Authors: Nehra Nagendra Singh
Published: February 2018

The topic of self-disclosure has been explored significantly and considered to greatly impact employees' relationships. Thus, this chapter explores the association between personality integration and self-disclosure considering how locus of control acts as a mediator. The sample was collected from public and private sector organizations in Uttarakhand. The data was collected through a cross-sectional survey-based research design, and a convenience sampling method was used. Thus, a total of 192 questionnaires were distributed during office hours. In the final analysis, only 189 responses were considered; the rest were discarded due to missing data. The authors use correlation and four-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results show that internal locus of control partially mediates said association. Further, it was found that personality integration is positively associated with self-disclosure through internal locus of control. Additionally, external locus of control has a positive effect on self-disclosure. Implications and scope for future research is highlighted.
Lessons Learned From 15 Years of Service-Learning
Authors: Simons Lori , Fehr Lawrence , Greene Lake
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes lessons learned from students involved in a service-learning program in an urban school district during the past 15 years. A total of 729 undergraduate students enrolled in an educational psychology course took part in the study. Students completed a survey at the beginning and end of the course. The findings indicate that academic-based service-learning and cultural-based service-learning contribute to different learning outcomes. Academic-based service-learners develop intercultural relationships with service recipients and community partners and acquire an understanding of social disparities in the community while cultural-based service-learners develop interpersonal and problem-solving skills. Students also appeared to make meaning out of their diverse service experiences and acquired a deeper understanding about how social responsibility is part of their role as preservice teachers in their school community. Implications for incorporating CBSL strategies in a teacher education program are discussed.
Service-Learning Field Experiences to Build Intercultural Competence
Authors: Munter Judith , Calvo Beverley , Dino Morales Laura Irene , Oroz Andres A.
Published: February 2018

There is a call today for preparing teachers to reflect on their role as agents for global change, as engaged citizens responsible for helping to create a more equitable society. This chapter explores the transformative potential for the integration of service-learning into field experiences through examination of a bi-national teacher education project located on the U.S.-México border. A primary purpose of this chapter was to examine the ways in which service-learning field experiences enrich and deepen intercultural competence of teacher candidates. Qualitative data, including interview transcripts, reflective essays, and reports were analyzed to determine the extent to which U.S. and Mexican master teachers, graduate students, and teacher candidates' perceptions of their work with transnational learners changed as a result of bicultural, bi-national service-learning field experiences. The findings demonstrate the potential of service-learning for developing intercultural competence in current and future teachers.
Dealing With the Elephant in the Classroom
Authors: Whitaker II Ronald William , Campbell Angela , Iannelli Jeramie
Published: February 2018

In his classic book titled Race Matters, West courageously deals with issues of race and racism in an unapologetic manner. In this chapter, the authors also unapologetically deal with issues of race and racism within the context of education and society. Specifically, the authors highlight a graduate education course within their institution that compels both students and professors to be vulnerable and truthful about race, racism, diversity, equity, systemic inequalities, and White privilege through service learning. The authors argue that his approach is necessary give the fact that historically, the aforementioned has impacted the educational experiences for students of Color, but in particular, Black and Brown children. The authors explore this work through critical race theory. The authors conclude the chapter with implications for practice.
Informing Teaching Through Community Engagement
Authors: Lewis Trish , Fickel Letitia Hochstrasser , Mackey Glynne , Breeze Des
Published: February 2018

Preservice teacher education programs prepare teachers for a variety of educational settings that serve a diverse range of children. Research suggests that many graduates lack confidence and the capability to teach those from backgrounds different from their own, including children from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and children with additional learning needs. In the bicultural, and increasingly multicultural, New Zealand context, preservice teachers are overwhelmingly from White, middle-class, monolingual backgrounds. This chapter offers a case study of the development of a community engagement course within an initial teacher education degree program. Based on Kolb's model of experiential learning and Moll's notions of funds of knowledge and identity, the course aims to enhance preservice teachers' knowledge of the lives of children they teach, and their dispositions and cultural competence for teaching, through personal and professional interaction with the community.
Teaching What We Don't Know
Authors: Whitaker Manya C. , Hines Dorothy E.
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the authors analyze two community-based learning (CBL) courses designed to help preservice teachers understand how issues of race and power emerge in classrooms. Students enrolled in a reflection-oriented course demonstrated deep understanding of their white identities and developed a desire to enact social justice pedagogy; however, they also expressed anxiety about effectively teaching diverse students. Similarly, students enrolled in an action-oriented course were unable to engage in Critical Race Praxis in their community placements due to colorblind mindsets and feelings of white guilt. While some students understood white privilege to function through systems of oppression, many students adopted a white savior mentality. These outcomes suggest that white preservice teachers can imagine being change agents better than actually being change agents. Teacher educators should use CBL to help white preservice teachers develop the cognitive and emotional capacities for Critical Race Praxis prior to student teaching in diverse classrooms.
Exploring the Impact of Service-Learning on Literacy Teachers' Self-Reported Empathy
Authors: Saal Leah Katherine
Published: February 2018

Although (1) literacy teacher education research and professional practice standards highlight the significance of empathy as a central tenant of teachers' professional dispositions, and (2) developing deeper and more empathetic understanding of others is a frequently cited rationale for utilizing service-learning as a critical pedagogy for in-service and pre-service teacher preparation, little quantitative research exists measuring in-service teachers' empathy or empathy development. The purpose of this chapter is to explore how a course-embedded, self-selected, and community-based service-learning experience effected participating literacy teachers' self-reported empathy. While participants scores increased in the pre-post condition, results of a paired sample t-test indicated no significant difference in teachers' self-reported empathy across the pre-post condition. Implications for practice and program administration as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
“I Didn't Believe Privilege Existed Before This”
Authors: Browning Thomas , Wilson Scot , Howell Crystal D. , Weiss Alexandra M. , Engebretson Kathryn E.
Published: February 2018

This chapter outlines the experiences of teacher candidates engaged in service-learning at a large Midwestern university. The authors set out to study this service partnership by asking, What benefits do teacher candidates identify from this service learning partnership? What do they see as challenges? What have they learned? In this chapter, the authors describe the answers to these questions. Obstacles to and opportunities for future development of this partnership are also discussed, and some implications for teacher educators are also outlined.
Fostering the Disposition to Serve
Authors: Riggle Reid Richard
Published: February 2018

Many teacher candidates enter teacher preparation programs with the desire to serve or to change the lives of others. Teacher education programs are uniquely positions leverage this desire to serve through intentional service-learning field placements. Service-learning, particularly early in the preparation program, can play a critical role in building the disposition to serve. This chapter explores one way teacher preparation programs can cultivate the orientation to serve high-need schools. Candidates enrolled in the Village Project serve in high-need schools, address a real community and educational need, and are provided reflection opportunities to connect the experience to their developing knowledge of learning and motivation. Ultimately, the goal the Village Project as an early service-learning field experience is to help teacher candidates develop a professional identity that increases the personal desire to work in educational communities that have a need.
The “Human Factor” in Cybersecurity
Authors: Hadlington Lee
Published: February 2018

A great deal of research has been devoted to the exploration and categorization of threats posed from malicious attacks from current employees who are disgruntled with the organisation, or are motivated by financial gain. These so-called “insider threats” pose a growing menace to information security, but given the right mechanisms, they have the potential to be detected and caught. In contrast, human factors related to aspects of poor planning, lack of attention to detail, and ignorance are linked to the rise of the accidental or unintentional insider. In this instance there is no malicious intent and no prior planning for their “attack,” but their actions can be equally as damaging and disruptive to the organisation. This chapter presents an exploration of fundamental human factors that could contribute to an individual becoming an unintentional threat. Furthermore, key frameworks for designing mitigations for such threats are also presented, alongside suggestions for future research in this area.
Psychological and Behavioral Examinations of Online Terrorism
Authors: Prentice Sheryl , Taylor Paul J.
Published: February 2018

It has long been recognised that terrorists make use of the internet as one of many means through which to further their cause. This use of the internet has fuelled a large number of studies seeking to understand terrorists' use of online environments. This chapter provides an overview of current understandings of online terrorist behavior, coupled with an outline of the qualitative and quantitative approaches that can and have been adopted to research this phenomenon. The chapter closes with a discussion of the contentious issue of ethics in online terrorism research. The aim of the chapter is to equip readers with the necessary knowledge and skills to conduct their own research into terrorists' online behavior, taking best ethical practices into consideration when doing so.
A Cyber-Psychological and Behavioral Approach to Online Radicalization
Authors: Topal Reyhan
Published: February 2018

This chapter attempts to synthesize the mainstream theories of radicalization and the cyber-psychological and behavioral approaches with a view to identifying individuals' radicalization online. Based on the intersections of those two fields, this chapter first elaborates how radical groups use cyberspace with a specific concentration on the so-called cyber caliphate claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). Second, it revisits mainstream theories of radicalization and specifies the psychological and behavioral facets of the radicalization processes proposed by those theories. Following that, it integrates theories of radicalization with cyber-psychological and behavioral explanations of online radicalization to reveal how ISIS's use of cyberspace attracts individuals and facilitates online radicalization.
Narratology and Creativity
Authors: Abe Akinori
Published: February 2018

In previous studies, the author discussed the creativity in IMDJ. The author discussed it from the perspective of abduction. In addition, the author discussed the role of comfortable communication in the creative situation as well as usual situation. In this chapter, the author discusses the role of narratology in the creative task.
Literary Psychology-Modeling Figure-Ground Structures in Narrative Stories
Authors: Kitamura Eugene Schneider
Published: February 2018

Today more than ever, narrative content generation has become important. This is due to the advances and accessibility of computational devices. As these devices become more familiar to people and easier to handle, there will be greater expectations for autonomous functioning and desires for a natural communication with the users. To achieve such demands, computational devices need to process and generate higher levels of meanings such as context and abstraction of topics. This chapter gives a background on topics that have been developed so far in content analysis and content generation, but focuses mainly on the figure-ground impression model, for both analysis and generating narrative context. By focusing on the characters and their attributes in the text, not only is this model able to represent the figure-ground impressions qualitatively, but also quantitatively. Such a feature may be useful to execute in computational devices such as artificial intelligence.
Literary Metaphor Comprehension and Production
Authors: Utsumi Akira
Published: February 2018

This chapter addresses literary metaphors, which are used in literary works to enrich the meanings and evoke aesthetic effects. The aim of this chapter is to provide a unified view that can explain how literary metaphors are understood and generated. The chapter authors argue that comprehension of various types of literary metaphors involves a process of direct or indirect categorization by integrating and extending existing metaphor theories and empirical findings, in particular the author's metaphor research such as the interpretive diversity theory of nominal metaphors and the indirect categorization theory of predicative metaphors. The chapter authors also apply the unified view of literary metaphor comprehension to metaphor production, and discuss how people generate literary metaphors.
Advanced Nanotherapeutic Systems for Drug Delivery and Imaging in Cancer
Authors: Sahoo Sanjeeb , Singh Deepika , Singh Priya , Minz Aliva Prity
Published: February 2018

Recent progress in nanotechnology has paved the way for development of new tools for cancer imaging and treatment. Failure of early diagnosis is one of the major hurdles in cancer treatment. In addition, conventional treatment approaches suffer from problems of non-specific bio distribution of chemotherapeutic agent, low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, narrow therapeutic window, and rapid clearance. Nanotechnology addresses many of the aforementioned limitations and provides scope for early diagnosis, tumor-targeted delivery via passive or active targeting mechanisms, personalized treatment utilizing nanotheranostics, controlled drug release, and co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. This chapter summarizes various merits of nanotechnology with emphasis on different types of nanocarriers that are presently being used for drug delivery and imaging. As per these studies, the fruition of nanotechnology may make the disease curable by early diagnosis and specific drug delivery.
Application Potential of Polymeric Nanoconstructs for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery
Authors: Jain Sanjay Kumar , Tiwari Ankita , Jain Ankit , Verma Amit , Saraf Shivani , Panda Pritish Kumar , Gour Gaytri
Published: February 2018

Numerous applications of colon-specific drug delivery have been found in a wide array of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), colorectal cancer, and diverticulitis. Drug delivery to the colon has different anatomic and pathophysiological barriers. In recent advancements, these barriers were overcome by using biodegradable polymeric nanoconstructs, which are exhibiting minimal systemic adverse effects. Various polymeric nanoconstructs (PNCs) such as nanoparticles, micelles, and dendrimers have been exploited for effective targeting to pathological sites of colon. PNCs on oral administration not only protect the bioactive from physicochemical degradation but also prevent premature leakage in the upper parts of gastrointestinal tract. The chapter summarizes various PNCs-based approaches for colon-specific drug delivery.
Magnetic Nano-Systems in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shetty Saritha R. , Upadhya Archana
Published: February 2018

Nanotechnology is that sphere of technology that involves the participation of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering sciences. Nanoscale science defines the chemistry and physics of structures lying in the range of 1-100 nm. Among the nanosystems researched, magnetic nanosystems are highlighted due their unique ability, which enables their targeting to specific locations on application of an external magnetic field. The exhibited property of these magnetic nanosystems being super-paramagnetism, there is no retention of magnetic property on removal of the magnetic field, thus enabling a reversion of the targeting process. For effective utilization of these nanosystems, they should be reduced to nanosizes, layered with biocompatible entities, stabilized, and functionalized. In the chapter, synthesis and functionalization and stabilization are elucidated. The biomedical applications such as targeted delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, tissue engineering, gene delivery, magnetic immunotherapy, magnetic detoxification, and nanomagnetic actuation are discussed.