bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the adoption of RFID in the food supply chain: a systematic literature review
Authors: Masekwana Fundiswa , Jokonya Osden
Published: January 2025

The unsustainability of the current food system raises food security concerns worldwide due to the population’s increased demand for fresh food and food safety. Unsafe food incidents lead to a high risk of poverty and economic loss. This includes food waste, safety, and security during the sustainable food system process from farm production to consumer. There is a need to implement a fast traceability system like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in the sustainable food system to ensure food quality and safety, meet customer demands, and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 1—No poverty, 2—Zero hunger and 13—Climate action for 2030 target. The study objective was to explore the factors that affect the adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in the food supply chain. The study adopted the TOE (technology-organization-environment) framework to explore factors that affect RFID adoption in the food supply chain. The study utilized a systematic literature review to examine the TOE factors influencing the adoption of RFID in the food supply chain. The results indicate that technological (complexity, cost, and security), organizational (technical skill and management support), and environmental (maintenance and support, IT policies and regulations) are the major factors that affect the adoption of RFID in the sustainable food system industry. The study recommends organisations intending to adopt RFID allocate enough resources and be prepared to overcome RFID adoption external challenges. The study concludes that technological factors, organizational factors, and environmental factors are important factors for RFID adoption in the food supply chain. However, further empirical studies are necessary to overcome the challenges of systematic literature review based on secondary data and convenience sampling.
Phytocanabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids: from recreational consumption to potential therapeutic use – a review
Authors: Teixeira Helena M.
Published: January 2025

Cannabinoids are part of the most popular group of illicit substances in the Western world. The word “cannabinoid” refers to any chemical substance, regardless of structure or origin, that binds to the body’s cannabinoid receptors and that has effects similar to those produced by the Cannabis plant. Regarding their origin, cannabinoids can be classified into endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. The behavioral and physiological effects of cannabinoids have received particular attention over the last few decades, including sensations of euphoria, relaxation and loss of concentration, with their repeated use being associated with short and long-term side effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, cognitive changes, psychoses, schizophrenia and mood disorders. On the other hand, recent investigations have proposed a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based drugs for a wide range of medical situations, including neurological and psychiatric disorders, among other indications. The growing popularity in the use of cannabinoid-based compounds, both for recreational and therapeutic purposes, has been accompanied by an equally continuous and growing evolution of knowledge regarding their potential harmful and beneficial effects. However, there are several open questions and challenges to be answered, which require more and better investigations. This article’s main objectives are: i) to understand the importance of the action of cannabinoids in humans; ii) identify the different types of cannabinoids that exist and understand the differences in their action; iii) distinguish the legislative framework for cannabinoid consumption; iv) identify the possible adverse effects of cannabinoid consumption, as well as their potential benefits; v) know the existing medical-scientific evidence in terms of therapeutic potential, particularly in relation to aspects of safety and efficacy; vi) encourage critical thinking about the recreational consumption and therapeutic use of cannabinoids, based both on currently available evidence and gaps in knowledge.
Correlation between follicle diameter and pre-ovulatory metabolic profile in Bos grunniens
Authors: Yan Jiuru , Fu Yuxin , Lan Lan , Zhang Huizhu , Huang Ling , Wang Yaying , Xiong Xianrong , Yin Shi , Li Jian , He Honghong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In this study, we investigated the metabolic profiles of yak (Bos grunniens) follicles during the development period from the perspective of metabolomics, aiming to screen out the differential metabolites of yak follicles in different sizes and potential pathways during yak follicle development and to provide a basis for the study of follicle development and developmental mechanisms in the further stage of development.

Methods

A total of 20 four-year-old female yaks were selected, and follicles of different sizes were collected after slaughter and divided into d < 3 mm, 3–6 mm and d > 6 mm. The follicular fluid was collected, 6 replicates per group and subjected to LC–MS assay, combined with multidimensional and unidimensional statistical analyses to screen the differential metabolites between follicles of different sizes. Differential metabolites enriched KEGG pathways to screen the pathways that might be related to follicle development.

Results

We found that most of the metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism pathways, energy metabolism pathways and other pathways of cofactor synthesis, and that during the development of the small follicle to the large follicle, 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine, PC (17:0/0:0), PC (16:0/0:0), and LysoPC (18:0/0:0) were down-regulated; Dioctyl succinate, P-Coumaraldehyde, ISOPRENE, L-Isoleucine, Dioctyl succinate up-regulated.

Conclusion

These results suggest that amino acid metabolism, the production of steroid hormones and their metabolites, and the metabolic activity of granulosa cells play important roles in follicle development. The results provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of follicular development in yak.
Early embryonic thermal programming and post-hatch flavonoid (Scutellaria baicalensis) supplementation enhanced immune response markers in broiler chickens
Authors: Al Amaz Sadid , Shahid Md Ahosanul Haque , Jha Rajesh , Mishra Birendra
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Genetic selection in broiler chickens has led to increased muscle mass without comparable respiratory and cardiovascular system development, limiting the birds’ capacity to withstand high ambient temperatures and making them vulnerable to heat stress (HS). Early embryonic Thermal Manipulation (TM) has been suggested as an effective and sustainable way to mitigate the adverse effects of HS. This study investigated how these interventions influenced the immune status of broiler chickens exposed to HS.

Methods

Cobb 500 fertile eggs (n = 600) were incubated according to guidelines. On embryonic day (ED) 12, the eggs were split into two groups: (1) Control, kept at standard temperature until hatch day (ED 21) and (2) Thermal Manipulation (TM), exposed to 38.5°C with 55% humidity for 12 h daily from ED 12 to ED 18. After hatching, chicks were divided into (1) Control, (2) TM, (3) Control under Heat Stress (CHS), (4) TM under Heat Stress (TMHS), (5) Control with Heat Stress and Supplementation (CHSS), and (6) TM with Heat Stress and Supplementation (TMHSS). For the first 21 days, all chicks were raised under normal conditions. From day 22 to day 35, groups CHS, TMHS, CHSS, and TMHSS experienced chronic heat stress (32–33°C for 8 h daily), while the Control and TM groups remained in a thermoneutral environment (22–24°C).

Results and discussion

TM significantly increased (p < 0.05) AvBD11, IL4, and TLR21 expression in the spleen. TM and baicalein supplementation significantly decreased (p < 0.05) TLR15 expression. In the bursa, TM significantly increased (p < 0.05) IL4 expression. The combination of TM with baicalein significantly increased (p < 0.05) CD3 and decreased (p < 0.05) TLR1 expression. Interestingly, TM alone significantly decreased (p < 0.05) IFNg expression under HS condition. In the thymus, TM significantly decreased (p < 0.05) IL10 and TLR15, while incorporating baicalein with TM decreased (p < 0.05) AvBD6 expression.

Conclusion

TM improved the immune status of broiler chickens under normal conditions. When combined with baicalein, TM mitigated the negative effects of heat stress by boosting key immune-related gene expression in the spleen, bursa, and thymus.
The Associations Between Culture-Related Stressors and Prosocial Behaviors in U.S. Latino/a College Students: The Mediating Role of Cultural Identity
Authors: Torres Marixza , Carlo Gustavo , Davis Alexandra N.
Published: January 2025

U.S. Latino/a college students face distinct stressors, including acculturative stress and enculturative stress, impacting their capacity to engage in prosocial behaviors (voluntary actions benefiting others). Cultural stress can deplete resources essential to engaging in altruistic acts (selflessly motivated helping), yet it can also stimulate selfishly motivated prosocial behaviors. The present study examines how cultural adjustment stressors and cultural identity relate to prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latino/a college students. A sample of 1450 U.S. Latino/a college students (M age = 19.7 years; SD = 1.61; 75.4% women) completed an online survey assessing their levels of enculturative and acculturative stress, ethnic and U.S. identity, and altruistic and public prosocial behaviors. A path analysis revealed that higher enculturative stress is associated with lower ethnic identity, which, in turn, predicts increased public prosocial behaviors. Conversely, acculturative stress is linked with higher ethnic identity, leading to elevated public prosocial behaviors. The discussion underscores the importance of mitigating culture-related stress that can stem from home and U.S. society to enhance the well-being of U.S. Latino/as.
Faster-Than-Natural Satellite Circumnavigation via Continuous Control
Authors: Gonzalez Andres M. , Tragesser Steven
Published: January 2025

The design of a continuous control architecture for faster-than-natural satellite circumnavigation missions, where the desired relative orbital period is shorter than the natural orbital period, is investigated. In such cases, satellites must complete orbits around a target faster than would be possible through natural motion alone, requiring advanced control systems. This paper considers the case of continuous low-thrust control because of its low fuel expenditure. One challenge of continuous control for faster-than-natural relative motion is its susceptibility to noise due to the large nominal thrust that is required. The deleterious effect of noise has not been addressed in the literature for this problem. This work develops a feedforward control that helps to eliminate unnecessary control effort and jitter in the actuation due to noise. When implemented in conjunction with existing feedback control schemes, the resulting control system is shown to perform well and shows promise as an implementable option with current technology.
Expanding Known Performance Capabilities of Geared Turbofan Engine When Powered by LNG and Methanol
Authors: Villette Sergios , Alexiou Alexios , Aretakis Nikolaos , Mathioudakis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

As aviation demand rises, fossil jet fuel consumption follows, thus increasing focus on sustainable aviation fuels to reduce aircraft greenhouse gas emissions. While advanced technologies and optimized operations play a role, alternative fuels, especially non-drop-in options like Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and methanol, offer promising potential for significant emission reductions if used in current aero-engines. LNG, a candidate near-term replacement of fossil jet fuel and methanol, even though a less conventional option in aviation, present advantages. Both fuels showcase the ability to generate the same thrust output by also achieving lower post-combustion temperatures, thereby enhancing component life and reducing emissions. Inversely, requesting equal post-combustion temperature as the baseline kerosene operation of the engine can produce greater thrust output, a much needed result for such fuels with low volumetric energy density, which causes greater take-off thrust demand mainly due to their larger tank requirements. This study uses advanced 0-D engine models coupled with detailed chemistry 1-D burner models and mission analysis tools to assess the aforementioned trends of LNG and methanol used to power a current geared turbofan engine. The aim of this work is to provide insights into the advantages, the limitations and the overall viability of the fuels in question as less polluting aviation fuels, addressing both environmental impact and operational feasibility in future aviation applications. According to findings of this article, when compared with Jet-A, LNG can reduce post-combustion temperature by an average of 1% or increase net-thrust by 3% while lowering CO2, NOx and CO emissions by 20%, 46% and 39%, respectively. Adversely, methanol is capable of lessening post-combustion temperature by 3% or enhancing thrust output by 10% while also reducing CO2, NOx and CO emissions by an average of 6%, 60% and 38%, respectively.
Evaluation of the Adaptation and Feasibility of Direct-Sown Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Cultivation in a Subtropical Climate in Mexico
Authors: Fernández-Lambert Gregorio , Lavoignet-Ruiz Marieli , García-Santamaría Luis Enrique , Fernández-Echeverría Eduardo , Ruvalcaba-Sánchez Loecelia , Brenis-Dzul Areli , Borroto-Pentón Yodaira , Romero-Romero Yair , Carrión-Delgado Juan Manuel
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the successful establishment of sponge gourds (Luffa cylindrica) through direct seeding under open-field conditions in a subtropical climate in Mexico. Three experimental sites, E1, E2, and E3, located in different rural communities with distinct altitudes and soil types (Luvisol and Andosol) were evaluated. E1 was enhanced with an organo-mineral substrate (SOM), while E2 and E3 served as controls without SOM application. Seeds from a single fruit were used for planting following standardized cultivation practices. Each experimental plot contained a total of 10 plants arranged in 10 rows with one plant per row. Yield variables, such as fruit count, length, diameter, weight, and seed quantity, were measured. E-1 exhibited superior growth, yielding 5–20 fruits per plant, with lengths of 9–15 cm, diameters up to 6.2 cm, and weights reaching 370 g, significantly surpassing E-2 and E-3. Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed significant differences among the plots, indicating that seed germination enhanced by SOM in E-1 promoted improved growth characteristics. The production cost per fruit was $8.40 MXN in E-1, compared to $12.70 in E-2, and $13.60 MXN in E-3. These results support sponge gourds as a viable crop option for small- and medium-scale farmers in subtropical areas, offering both economic and environmental benefits.
Assessing Yield and Productivity Gaps in Tunisian Maize Cropping System
Authors: Hammami Mohamed Dhia Eddine , Lasram Asma , Kthiri Zayneb , Boukef Sameh , Hamada Walid , Revilla Pedro , Karmous Chahine
Published: January 2025

Maize production is deficient in arid countries such as Tunisia. To assess maize yield and estimate productivity gaps among Tunisian farmers in consideration of climate change challenges, a survey was conducted that included 50 farms in 10 governorates, focusing on agronomic practices, seed type adoptions, and socioeconomic parameters. The yield gaps related to water resources and farmers’ technical efficiency represented 26.8% and 32.9%, respectively, while for water productivity, the gaps related to water resources and technical efficiency were 32.2% and 31.3%, respectively. Hybrid varieties were among the 25% yield increase compared to local landraces. Farmers retain local landraces mainly for their food quality. Favorable climatic conditions in the northern regions of Tunisia are among the reasons for higher yield compared to the central and southern areas, which registered a yield reduction of 9.2% and 17%, respectively. The Tobit analyses showed that sowing rate, geographic location, type of variety, and fertilization are the most significant factors contributing to technical inefficiencies. For further increases in maize yield in Tunisia, improving agricultural practices, water management, and using high-yielding varieties are essential.
Assessment of the Prediction Accuracy of Genomic Selection for Rice Amylose Content and Gel Consistency
Authors: Lu Yanjie , Xia Chengcai , Wang Zihao , Liu Qi , Zhu Mengyuan , Xie Xianqiu , Zhao Yongyu , Jiang Yunwei , Luo Xuan , Zou Meiling , Fan Dayong , Xia Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

Genomic selection is an effective method for accelerating the enhancement of plant agronomic traits. Currently, genotype acquisition mainly depends on resequencing and chip technology, and the cost and efficiency are still the key factors restricting the wide application of genomic selection breeding. We explore the merits of Hyper-seq population sequencing technology in genomic selection breeding. Seven genomic selection models were constructed using 417 rice germplasm resources, and each model showed high prediction accuracy for amylose content (0.8316–0.8360) and gel consistency (0.7075–0.7235). We also constructed GBLUP models to explore how the marker number and population size affected prediction accuracy. With increased marker number and population size, prediction accuracy first increased significantly, then leveled off. Finally, through genome-wide association studies, SNPs were selected from five different significance levels for prediction accuracy studies. The results indicated that using markers that are significantly associated with traits greatly enhances the accuracy of prediction.
Fermented Deproteinized Alfalfa Juice Modified with Fly Ash Filtrate as an Alternative Nutrient Source for Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Makleit Péter , Balláné Andrea Kovács , Bákonyi Nóra , Domokos-Szabolcsy Éva , Fári Gábor Miklós , Veres Szilvia
Published: January 2025

An alternative method of plant nutrition involves the utilization of different by-products. In this study, a combination of two by-products was applied to investigate this method: fermented deproteinized alfalfa juice (FDAJ), a by-product of alfalfa leaf protein production, and fly ash filtrate from a wood-fired power plant. A pot experiment was conducted with winter wheat in an open-sided greenhouse in sandy soil. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and usability of the combination of these by-products (SFDAJ) for enhanced plant nutrition via spraying or irrigation. Prior to overwintering, photosynthetic pigments, relative chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, and shoot dry weight were measured. At full maturity, we determined morphological parameters, yield, and the element content of the grain. Significant differences were observed between treatments at full maturity. The application of SFDAJ resulted in 73.2% of the yield having the optimal nutrient supply. Compared to the treatment with no nutrients added, the application of SFDAJ increased yields by 260%. Our results show that SFDAJ alone is suitable for providing enhanced nutrient supply in soils with good nutrient supply or in extensive cultivation technology. When supplemented with fertilizer, it can be used on soils with low nutrient supply or in intensive cultivation technology. Based on our results of field applications of SFDAJ, the addition of 10 v v−1% FDAJ via irrigation is recommended.
Age-Related Dynamics in the Conventional, Non-Conventional, and Bacteriological Characteristics of Fresh and Liquid-Stored Porcine Semen
Authors: Tvrdá Eva , Bučko Ondřej , Ďuračka Michal , Kováčik Anton , Benko Filip , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: January 2025

This study strove to investigate the effect of boar age on conventional and non-conventional quality traits of fresh and liquid-stored semen. Sixty boars were allocated into 3 groups: 8–12 months (young); 24–36 months (adult); and 48–60 months (senior). Ejaculates were divided into two parts; the first one was assessed in native state while the second one was extended in the Androstar Plus extender containing gentamycin, stored at 5 °C and evaluated following 72 h. Young animals presented with a significantly lower sperm motility (p < 0.01), membrane and acrosome integrity (p < 0.0001), and mitochondrial activity (p < 0.0001) against adult boars. Significantly higher levels of free radicals and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.001), interleukin 1 and 6 (p < 0.0001) were found in young boars in comparison to adult boars. The assessment of liquid-stored semen revealed a significantly lower sperm motility, membrane, and acrosome integrity (p < 0.0001) in young boars when compared to adult boars. Moreover, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Rothia nasimurium remained in liquid-stored semen obtained from young boars, while Corynebacterium sp. and Escherichia coli continued to be identified in samples collected from adult boars. In conclusion, age contributes to the overall quality of fresh as well as liquid-stored boar semen.
Fault Prediction Modeling for High-Impact Recorders Based on IPSO-SVM
Authors: Li Linyu , You Wenbin , Ding Yonghong
Published: January 2025

The challenge in reusing high-impact recorders lies in developing an efficient and accurate failure prediction model under small-sample conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes an IPSO-SVM model. First, the particle swarms in the IPSO algorithm were grouped based on their exploration and exploitation functions, and dynamic inertia weight mechanisms were designed accordingly. The grouping ratio was dynamically adjusted during iterations to enhance optimization performance. Tests using benchmark functions verified that this approach improves convergence accuracy and stability compared to conventional PSO algorithms. Subsequently, the 5-fold cross-validation accuracy of the SVM model was used as the fitness value, and the IPSO algorithm was employed to optimize the penalty and kernel parameters of the SVM model. Trained on high-impact experimental data, the IPSO-SVM model achieved a prediction accuracy of 90.5%, outperforming the PSO-SVM model’s 85%. These results demonstrate the potential of the IPSO-SVM model in addressing failure prediction challenges under small-sample conditions.
AI-Driven Innovations in Software Engineering: A Review of Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors: Alenezi Mamdouh , Akour Mohammed
Published: January 2025

The software engineering landscape is undergoing a significant transformation with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI). AI technologies are poised to redefine traditional software development practices, offering innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. This paper explores the integration of AI into software engineering processes, aiming to identify its impacts, benefits, and the challenges that accompany this paradigm shift. A comprehensive analysis of current AI applications in software engineering is conducted, supported by case studies and theoretical models. The study examines various phases of software development to assess where AI contributes most effectively. The integration of AI enhances productivity, improves code quality, and accelerates development cycles. Key areas of impact include automated code generation, intelligent debugging, predictive maintenance, and enhanced decision-making processes. AI is revolutionizing software engineering by introducing automation and intelligence into the development lifecycle. Embracing AI-driven tools and methodologies is essential for staying competitive in the evolving technological landscape.
A Systematic Review of Intelligent Systems and Analytic Applications in Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Oztemel Ercan , Isik Muhammed
Published: January 2025

The use of credit cards plays a crucial role in cash management and in meeting the needs for individual and commercial customers due to the spread of risks to the future by making monthly instalments instead of cash transactions. The use of credit cards therefore provides benefits not only to the customers but also to the banks as it enables and sustains a long-term relationship in between them. Despite the increase in the use of credit cards, there is also a significant increase in fraud transactions. To detect and prevent possible fraud operations, banks generally use rule-based techniques or analytical models. In this respect, analytical models have an important place due to their effectiveness, performance, and fast response. The main aim of this paper is therefore to enhance the theoretical and practical understanding of credit card fraud operations, review basic approaches, and propose a more comprehensive approach utilizing the agents. Note that in this study, static analytic modelling (existing approaches) and dynamic analytic modelling (emerging approaches) techniques are compared in terms of methodology, performance, and respective approaches. Since fraud methods and transactions are constantly changing over time, it is thought that there will be an increase in the use of agent-based models with dynamic analytical capabilities. Additionally, in this paper, a proposed model and empiric study are presented for an agent-based intelligent credit card fraud detection system.
A Combined Dynamic–Kinematic Extended Kalman Filter for Estimating Vehicle Sideslip Angle
Authors: Righetti Giovanni , Lenzo Basilio
Published: January 2025

In modern automotive engineering, accurate vehicle sideslip angle estimation is crucial for enhancing vehicle safety, performance, and driver comfort. This paper addresses the challenge of estimating sideslip angle, an essential parameter for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies. This study introduces a combined dynamic–kinematic extended Kalman filter (DK-EKF) approach that leverages the strengths of both kinematic and dynamic models while mitigating their individual limitations. The proposed DK-EKF enhances observability in low yaw rate conditions, a common issue with kinematic models, and improves the robustness of dynamic models against parameter uncertainties. A validation is conducted through extensive experimental tests, demonstrating the DK-EKF’s superior performance in various driving scenarios. The results confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in providing reliable sideslip angle estimation.
Optimization of Carbon Emission Reduction Investment for Replacement Fuel Ships Based on the Shipowners’ Perspective
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Zhonghao , Liu Ding
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing body of research on fuel alternatives for reducing carbon emissions in maritime shipping, there remains a lack of comprehensive cost–benefit analyses from the perspective of shipowners considering both retrofit and new construction options across multiple shipping routes. This paper carries out the optimization of carbon emission reduction investment schemes for replacement fuel ships from the perspective of the shipowners, with low-carbon fuel ships (LNG-fueled and methanol-fueled) and zero-carbon fuel ships (ammonia-fueled and hydrogen-fueled) as feasible options for shipowners to choose. Shipowners are advised to consider fuel retrofit options carefully, with methanol as a promising low-carbon fuel on certain routes and LNG for achieving both cost-effectiveness and compliance with upcoming zero-carbon regulations. The considered influencing factors include sailing distances, fuel prices, and container freight rates. A cost–benefit analysis model is proposed to conduct quantitative comparative analyses. The feasibility of various fuel options reflects both economic conditions and regulatory environments influencing operational costs and potential future carbon pricing. Under baseline conditions, our analysis reveals: For route 1, the NPV of retrofitting ships to use methanol yields the highest return among low-carbon options; for route 2, all replacement fuel options result in negative NPVs, indicating no investment value; and for route 3, retrofit options for LNG and new constructions for methanol are feasible, with LNG offering the shortest payback period.
Tilts of Atmospheric Radar-Scattering Structures Measured by Long-Term Windprofiler Radar Studies
Authors: Attarzadeh Farnoush , Hocking Wayne Keith
Published: January 2025

Month-long and seasonally persistent apparent tilts in atmospheric radar scatterers have been measured with a network of six windprofiler radars over periods of two or more years. The method used employs cross-correlations between vertical winds and horizontal winds measured using the radars. It is shown that large-scale apparent tilts that persisted for many weeks and months were not uncommon at many sites, with typical tilts varying from horizontal to ~3–4° from horizontal. The azimuthal and zenithal alignment of the tilts depend on local orography as well as local seasonal atmospheric conditions. It is demonstrated that these apparent tilts are not, in general, true large-scale phenomena, but rather are a manifestation of coordinated motions within turbulent and quasi-specular radar-scattering structures at scales between a few metres and tens of metres, with these structures themselves being defined by larger-scale and longer-term physical processes. Windshear combined with breaking gravity waves seems to be a particularly effective mechanism for producing these tilts, although other possibilities are also discussed. Implications for the interpretation of the nature of turbulent eddies, the accuracy of vertical wind measurements, and the nature of layering and scattering in the real atmosphere, are discussed. A method which allows for accurate measurements of the mean off-horizontal alignment of anisotropic scatterers and turbulent eddies is introduced.
Experimental Cross Sections for Electron-Impact Single, Double, and Triple Ionization of La+
Authors: Döhring B. Michel , Borovik Alexander , Gocht Florian , Huber Kurt , Schippers Stefan
Published: January 2025

We report on new measurements of absolute cross sections for single, double, and triple electron-impact ionization of singly charged lanthanum ions. The resulting single and double ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with results from previous experimental work. In the present work, we extended the experimental range by a factor of two to approx. 2000 eV. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous measurements of triple ionization. The present work in progress aims to provide vitally needed atomic data for the astrophysical modeling of kilonovae.
Abelian Function Fields on Jacobian Varieties
Authors: Bernatska Julia
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is an exposition of fields of multiply periodic, or Kleinian, ℘-functions. Such a field arises on the Jacobian variety of an algebraic curve, providing natural algebraic models for the Jacobian and Kummer varieties, possessing the addition law, and accommodating dynamical equations with solutions. All of this will be explained in detail for plane algebraic curves in their canonical forms. Examples of hyperelliptic and non-hyperelliptic curves are presented.
Ergodicity and Mixing Properties for SDEs with α-Stable Lévy Noises
Authors: Xu Siyan , Zhao Huiyan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we consider a class of stochastic differential equations driven by multiplicative α-stable (0<α<2) Lévy noises. Firstly, we show that there exists a unique strong solution under a local one-sided Lipschitz condition and a general non-explosion condition. Next, the weak Feller and stationary properties are derived. Furthermore, a concrete sufficient condition for the coefficients is presented, which is different from the conditions for SDEs driven by Brownian motion or general squared-integrable martingales. Finally, some ergodic and mixing properties are obtained by using the Foster–Lyapunov criteria.
Leveraging Open Big Data from R&D Projects with Large Language Models
Authors: Ruiz Desireé , Cardinale Yudith , Casas Abraham , Moscardó Vanessa
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to become experts in specific areas of knowledge through the utilization of techniques that enhance their context. Nevertheless, an interesting and underexplored application in the literature is the creation of an LLM that specializes in research projects, as it could streamline the process of project ideation and accelerate the advancement of research initiatives. In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop a tool based on LLM technology capable of assisting the employees of technology centers in answering their queries related to research projects funded under the Horizon 2020 program. By facilitating the identification of suitable funding calls and the formation of consortia with partners meeting specific requirements, tasks that are traditionally time-intensive, the proposed tool has the potential to improve operational efficiency and enable technology centers to allocate their resources more effectively. To improve the model’s baseline performance, context extension techniques such as Retrieved Augmented Generation (RAG) and prompt engineering were explored. Specifically, different RAG approaches and configurations, along with a specialized prompt, were tested on the LLaMA 3 70B model, and their results were compared to those obtained without context extension. The proposed evaluation metrics, which aligned with human judgment while maintaining objectivity, revealed that RAG systems outperformed the standalone LLaMA 3 70B, achieving a rate of optimal responses of up to 46% compared to 0% for the baseline model. These findings emphasize that integrating RAG and prompt engineering pipelines into LLMs can address key limitations, such as generating accurate and informative answers. Moreover, this study demonstrates the practical feasibility of leveraging advanced LLM configurations to support research-driven organizations, highlighting a pathway for the further development of intelligent tools that enhance productivity and foster innovation in the research domain.
Bioremediation Experience Collected in “Bioengineering in Remediation of Polluted Environments”: A Closing Perspective by Guest Editors
Authors: Zeppilli Marco , Matturro Bruna
Published: January 2025

The article collection entitled “Bioengineering in Remediation of Polluted Environments” was launched in September 2021 [...]
Digging into the Cause of Abnormal Patellar Kinematics After Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy via a Quantitative Study on In Vivo Soft Tissue Functional Changes
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Zheng Nan , He Axiang , Zhang Guoqiang , Lin Weiming , Qu Yang , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Liu Wanjun , Mao Yanjie
Published: January 2025

The biomechanical mechanism of postoperative patellofemoral joint (PFJ) complications after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) has not been investigated. This study was to determine the length changes in the patellar tendon (PT), medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL), medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), and quadriceps moment arm (QMA) during staircase motion before and after OWHTO. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 15 patients’ lower extremities were used to reconstruct three-dimensional models, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee and hip joints was used to mark the soft tissue footprints. Then, such soft tissue lengths were quantified by a dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). Additionally, function scores were used to assess patient outcome changes. The results showed that there was a contraction of the PT after OWHTO due to its adhesion to the osteotomy site, causing PT length to be negatively correlated to the open-wedge angle. In addition, the shortening of the MPTL and QMA caused patellar instability and an imbalance in the strength of the lower extremities. Additionally, most knee function scores improved after OWHTO, except the Feller scores. Multiple methods should be considered to optimize surgical procedures, postoperative rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Development of 4D-Printed Arterial Stents Utilizing Bioinspired Architected Auxetic Materials
Authors: Kladovasilakis Nikolaos , Kyriakidis Ioannis Filippos , Tzimtzimis Emmanouil K. , Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria , Tsongas Konstantinos , Tzetzis Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

The convergence of 3D printing and auxetic materials is paving the way for a new era of adaptive structures. Auxetic materials, known for their unique mechanical properties, such as a negative Poisson’s ratio, can be integrated into 3D-printed objects to enable them to morph or deform in a controlled manner, leading to the creation of 4D-printed structures. Since the first introduction of 4D printing, scientific interest has spiked in exploring its potential implementation in a wide range of applications, from deployable structures for space exploration to shape-adaptive biomechanical implants. In this context, the current paper aimed to develop 4D-printed arterial stents utilizing bioinspired architected auxetic materials made from biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric material. Specifically, three different auxetic materials were experimentally examined at different relative densities, under tensile and compression testing, to determine their mechanical behavior. Based on the extracted experimental data, non-linear hyperelastic finite element material models were developed in order to simulate the insertion of the stent into a catheter and its deployment in the aorta. The results demonstrated that among the three examined structures, the ‘square mode 3’ structure revealed the best performance in terms of strength, at the same time offering the necessary compressibility (diameter reduction) to allow insertion into a typical catheter for stent procedures.
Lateral Spacing of TiO2 Nanotube Coatings Modulates In Vivo Early New Bone Formation
Authors: Negrescu Andreea Mariana , Ionascu Iuliana , Necula Madalina Georgiana , Tudor Niculae , Kamaleev Maksim , Zarnescu Otilia , Mazare Anca , Schmuki Patrik , Cimpean Anisoara
Published: January 2025

Due to the bio-inert nature of titanium (Ti) and subsequent accompanying chronic inflammatory response, an implant’s stability and function can be significantly affected, which is why various surface modifications have been employed, including the deposition of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs) onto the native surface through the anodic oxidation method. While the influence of nanotube diameter on cell behaviour and osteogenesis is very well documented, information regarding the effects of nanotube lateral spacing on the in vivo new bone formation process is insufficient and hard to find. Considering this, the present study’s aim was to evaluate the mechanical properties and the osteogenic ability of two types of TNTs-based pins with different lateral spacing, e.g., 25 nm (TNTs) and 92 nm (spTNTs). The mechanical properties of the TNT-coated implants were characterised from a morphological point of view (tube diameter, spacing, and tube length) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the chemical composition of the implants was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while surface roughness and topography were characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, the implants’ hardness and elastic modulus were investigated using nanoindentation measurements. The in vivo new bone formation was histologically evaluated (haematoxylin and eosin—HE staining) at 6 and 30 days post-implantation in a rat model. Mechanical characterisation revealed that the two morphologies presented a similar chemical composition and mechanical strength, but, in terms of surface roughness, the spTNTs exhibited a higher average roughness. The microscopic examination at 1 month post-implantation revealed that spTNTs pins (57.21 ± 34.93) were capable of promoting early new bone tissue formation to a greater extent than the TNTs-coated implants (24.37 ± 6.5), with a difference in the average thickness of the newly formed bone tissue of ~32.84 µm, thus highlighting the importance of this parameter when designing future dental/orthopaedic implants.
Local Full-Scale Model Test on Mechanical Performance of the Integral Splicing Composite Structure of Adjacent Existing Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Zeng Guoqiang , Wang Xinyu , Shi Xuefei , Zhu Chaoyu , Song Jun
Published: January 2025

Adjacent existing box girder bridges should be spliced in the long-span bridge expansion project. A type of integral splicing composite structure for connecting the adjacent flange plates is designed herein. The mechanical characteristic of the integral splicing composite structure is tested using a local full-scale model, and a refined simulation model is also proposed for the optimization of the integral splicing composite structure. The loop bar in the joint connection segment and the application of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) material can guarantee the effective connection between the existing flange plate and the splicing structure. The embedded angled bar can delay the interface debonding failure and interface slip. The UHPC composite segment below the flange plate (segment CF) can bend together with the existing flange plate. In this study, an innovative integral splicing composite structure for a long-span bridge extension project is proposed and verified using both a local full-scale model test and finite element simulation. The adaptation of UHPC material and loop bar joint connection form can meet the cracking loading requirements of the splicing box girder structure. By proposing a refined simulation model and comparing the calculation result with the test result, it is found that the flexural performance of the integral splicing composite structure depends on the size of the composite segment below the flange plate (segment CF). Increasing the width of segment CF is beneficial to delay the interface debonding failure, and increasing its thickness can effectively delay the cracking load of the flange plate. Finally, the scheme of segment CF with one side width of 200 cm and a minimum thickness of 15 cm can improve the flexural resistance of the spliced structure and avoid the shear effect caused by the lane layout scheme and the location of the segment CF end. Through the research in this paper, the reasonable splicing form of a long-span old bridge is innovated and verified, which can be used as a reference for other long-span bridge splicing projects.
Renewable Energy Integration and Energy Efficiency Enhancement for a Net-Zero-Carbon Commercial Building
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Ge Yunting , Patel Raj Vijay
Published: January 2025

Energy consumption in buildings is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to the extensive burning of fossil fuels. This study focuses on an innovatively designed building named The Clover and utilises IES-VE software (2024) to create a digital twin for the building’s performance prediction. The goal is to achieve a zero-carbon-emission building through energy-efficient strategies, including the use of air-source heat pumps and renewable energy systems for sustainable heating, cooling, and electricity. Dynamic simulations conducted with the software analyse key performance metrics, including annual heating and cooling demands, electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and renewable energy supply. The results indicate that a 53% reduction in CO2 emission is achieved when a heat pump system is applied instead of boiler and chiller systems. A total of 1243.96 MWh and 41.18 MWh of electricity can be generated by PV panels and wind energy systems. The net annual electricity generation from the energy system of the building is 191.64 MWh. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the building’s energy needs can be successfully met through on-site electricity generation using advanced perovskite–silicon tandem solar PV panels and wind turbines. This case study provides valuable insights for architects and building services engineers, offering a practical framework for designing green, energy-efficient, zero-carbon buildings and advancing the path to net zero.
Vehicle–Bridge Coupling Vibration Analysis of a Highway Pile–Slab Bridge Based on the Contact Constraint Method
Authors: Xu Shizhan , Shi Zhao , Lu Yinfeng , Song Yongqiang , Zhao Zhantao , Li Chengyu
Published: January 2025

To investigate the impact of vehicle load on highway pile–slab bridges, the contact constraint method is employed to treat the vehicle and the bridge as two independent subsystems. Through the formulation of point-to-surface contact and constraint equations, a vehicle–bridge coupling vibration analysis is performed, incorporating the effects of bridge deck roughness. The finite element method is utilized to construct the pile–slab bridge model, while the five-axis heavy vehicle model is developed based on the multi-rigid-body dynamics method. The analysis and computational results of the model reveal the effects of pier height, vehicle number, and the friction coefficient on the dynamic response of the pile–slab bridge. The results indicate that pier height significantly influences the dynamic response, and the appropriate pier height should be carefully determined during the design phase. The vertical displacement impact coefficient surpasses the design value derived from the specification, highlighting the need to consider the vehicle’s impact on the bridge. Furthermore, vehicle number and the friction coefficient significantly affect the longitudinal dynamic response and transverse acceleration response of the pile–slab bridge.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Frame–Shear Wall Structural Systems in Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Xiong Zhongming , Liang Jiawei , Chen Xuan
Published: January 2025

The seismic performance of an electric power system is crucial for maintaining the functionality of urban communities following an earthquake. In thermal power plants, the RC frame–shear wall structure plays a key role in providing seismic resistance to the main building’s longitudinal structural system. This study presents the results of a series of pseudo-dynamic tests on a two-span, four-story frame–shear wall model with a scale of 1/8. The prototype structure was a seven-story, seven-bay longitudinal RC frame–shear wall from the main workshop of a large thermal power plant. The cracking process, yielding sequence, hysteresis curves, and skeleton curve were obtained. Based on the test results, the energy dissipation, equivalent viscous damping coefficient, ductility and deformation, stiffness degradation, dynamic response, and displacement response were analyzed. The results showed that the RC frame–shear wall structure exhibits a high energy dissipation capacity and excellent seismic performance, and the shear wall significantly influences the structural bearing capacity and deformation performance. These findings offer valuable guidance for the seismic design of RC frame–shear wall structures in high-rise and large factory buildings. As the shear wall absorbs the majority of seismic forces and minimizes the concentration of plastic deformation, strengthening critical weak areas—such as increasing the horizontal distribution of rebars or improving the concrete strength at the shear wall base—can enhance overall structural performance and seismic resilience in industrial buildings subject to seismic loading.