bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Metallic Carriers in Highly Faceted Plasmonic Cd2SnO4 Inverse Spinel Nanocrystals
Authors: Ortega Raul E. , Smith Robert B. , Kuszynski Jason E. , Bayles Aaron , McGill Stephen A. , Halas Naomi J. , Schurko Robert W. , Strouse Geoffrey F.
Published: June 2024

Correlating data from optical, structural, and theoretical methods allows the properties of highly faceted Cd2SnO4 (CTO) inverted spinel plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals (PSNCs) to be fully evaluated. The use of Sn(II) in the colloidal reaction for CTO results in reproducible octahedral PSNCs with an aspect ratio of 1.30. Correlating extinction spectra with magnetic circular dichroism yields a carrier density (n = 5.19 × 1019 cm−3) and carrier effective mass (m* = 0.022me) respectively. 113Cd and 119Sn solid‐state NMR experiments show clear evidence of metallic‐like carriers in CTO NCs based upon the observation of Knight shifts. These data suggest that carrier formation in CTO arises from Sn antisite occupation of octahedral Cd sites (SnCd). From a broader perspective, the results point to wide‐bandgap spinels as being an important but understudied class of plasmonic PSNCs.
Sub‐Micron Diffractive Optical Elements Facilitated by Intrinsic Deswelling of Auxetic Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Moorhouse Thomas , Raistrick Thomas
Published: June 2024

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) enable precise control over the direction and filtering of light, making them common components in spectrometers, waveguides, and sensors. There is great interest in tunable and sub‐micron diffractive optical elements in flexible photonics and for responsive structural colors. Here this study presents sub‐micron tunable diffraction gratings produced by patterning a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). The intrinsic anisotropic deswelling of the liquid crystal elastomer enables sub‐micron (707 nm) pitch structures to be produced from a micron‐scale (1040 nm) surface relief grating. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffraction measurements, a thermal pitch tunability is demonstrated of +212 nm (+31%) or −322 nm (−33%) over a temperature range of 215 °C depending on grating orientation. A mechanical pitch tunability is demonstrate of +1110 nm by applying strains of up to 157% to the liquid crystal elastomer. The height of the diffraction grating is preserved over strain due to the negative Poisson‐ratio, or “auxetic”, behavior exhibited by this chosen family of the liquid crystal elastomers. This report opens the possibility of using LCEs to facilitate flexible sub‐micron diffractive optical elements, with a high degree of tunability for sensing and structural color applications.
Methanolysis of Plastic Waste with Manganese Compounds
Authors: Lourenço Daniel L. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: June 2024

This work describes a very efficient methodology for the methanolysis of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste into a variety of valuable products using homogeneous and heterogeneous manganese compounds in the presence of KOtBu. Excellent yields are obtained using 1 mol% of the homogeneous catalysts Mn(OTf)2, Mn2(CO)10, MnBr(CO)5, and MeCpMn(CO)3 and 5 mol% of KOtBu, under mild reaction conditions. The heterogeneous manganese catalyst, manganese(II) ethyl/butyl phosphonate silica (Si‐Mn), also successfully promoted the methanolysis of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste with excellent yields. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst can be applied in at least 12 catalytic cycles with excellent yields.
Atomistic Insights into Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Natural Gas Hydrates in the Presence of Mixture of Flue and Noble Gases
Authors: Singh Satyam , Sharma Manju
Published: June 2024

The exchange of carbon dioxide with methane in natural gas hydrates (NGHs) is one of the sustainable approaches for the sequestration of carbon dioxide in NGHs. However, the formation of mixed CH4─CO2 hydrates during CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs reduces the rate of CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs. It is reported that molecular level insights into CH4─CO2 exchange in NGHs using quaternary‐gas systems of CH4, CO2, and a mixture of flue (H2S and N2) and noble (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) gases in heterogeneous medium using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The sequestration of gases other than CH4 in the new hydrate cages besides the interface is the highest in CO2:H2S:Ar (2:1:1) system among all the reported quaternary‐gas systems. The results show that Ar enhances CO2 sequestration in NGHs in the presence of H2S rather than N2. The hydrate growth occurs due to the formation of dual hydrate cages. Among the methane molecules released from the hydrate slab in a binary‐gas (CH4─CO2) system, > 60 % of the released methane molecules reform new cages beside the interface. On the other hand, only ≈ 50 % of the released methane molecules reform new hydrate cages besides the interface in CO2:H2S:Ar (2:1:1) system.
Intrinsic Optimum Thermodynamic Shapes of Zincblende‐ and Diamond‐Structure Nanowire Cross‐Sections
Authors: König Dirk , Bian Yue , Fu Lan , Hiller Daniel , Smith Sean C.
Published: June 2024

Crystalline nanowire (NWire) cross‐section shapes are known to vary considerably in experiment; an accurate analytic evaluation of NWire cross‐sections from a thermodynamic perspective is still missing. Building on previous work, analytic descriptions are given for zincblende (zb) NWire cross‐section morphing to arbitrary convex hexagonal shapes in order to evaluate the crystallographic‐structural stability of experimental NWire cross‐sections. The maximum of the ratio of NWire‐internal bonds per NWire atom describes the most stable crystallographic and thermodynamic shape of the NWire as far as internal forces are concerned. This maximum occurs when the first derivative of the above ratio , with presenting respective optimum morphing indices to obtain . The stability evaluation is then carried out by comparing derived from the experimental image over the complete morphing range of the NWire cross‐section represented by . This user‐friendly analytic approach allows to calculate the optimum morphing indices and thus all follow‐on parameters, such as , , the number of interface bonds and the NWire cross‐section area . Three examples with experimental data demonstrate the versatility and detailed insight the stability evaluation provides to any zb‐ and diamond‐lattice NWire cross‐section.
Combinatorial Biosynthesis Creates a Novel Aglycone Polyether with High Potency and Low Side Effects Against Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yan Pan , Wang Gang , Huang Minjian , Liu Zhen , Dai Chong , Hu Ben , Gu Meijia , Deng Zixin , Liu Ran , Wang Xinghuan , Liu Tiangang
Published: June 2024

Polyethers play a crucial role in the development of anticancer drugs. To enhance the anticancer efficacy and reduce the toxicity of these compounds, thereby advancing their application in cancer treatment, herein, guided by the structure‐activity relationships of aglycone polyethers, novel aglycone polyethers are rationally redesigned with potentially improved efficacy and reduced toxicity against tumors. To realize the biosynthesis of the novel aglycone polyethers, the gene clusters and the post‐polyketide synthase tailoring pathways for aglycone polyethers endusamycin and lenoremycin are identified and subjected to combinatorial biosynthesis studies, resulting in the creation of a novel aglycone polyether termed End‐16, which demonstrates significant potential for treating bladder cancer (BLCA). End‐16 demonstrates the ability to suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cellular protrusions formation of BLCA cells, as well as induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Notably, End‐16 exhibits superior inhibitory activity and fewer side effects against BLCA compared to the frontline anti‐BLCA drug cisplatin in vivo, thereby warranting further preclinical studies. This study highlights the significant potential of integrating combinatorial biosynthesis strategies with rational design to create unnatural products with enhanced pharmacological properties.
Defect‐Driven Light Perception and Memristor Storage with Phase Transition in Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Niu Linkui , Xu Peiran , Huang Tiantian , Yang Wanli , Chen Zhimin , Chen Xin , Dai Ning
Published: June 2024

Tunable optical information storage is crucial in artificial retinal systems for mimicking neurobiological visual characteristics. The perception and storage of light signals rely heavily on the regulation of the conductivity states of memristor materials (e.g., transition metal oxides). Controlling light memristor behavior via defects and polymorphic phases remains underexplored and differs from traditional plasticity training via repeated testing. In this study, defect‐driven ultraviolet light perception and memristor storage with phase transitions in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films are presented. The effects of oxygen defects and the corresponding polymorphic phases on ultraviolet light memristors are investigated. The dependence of phonon vibrations and insulator–metal transition behavior on defect levels are revealed. Self‐doping and polymorphs enable VO2 to exhibit distinct ultraviolet memristor performance. It is anticipated that defect‐driven light memristors significantly contribute to the realization of artificial synaptic devices and the implementation of advanced electronic neuron systems.
Methods for Passivating Defects of Perovskite for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Wang Jiarong , Bi Leyu , Fu Qiang , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: June 2024

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct advantages, including minimal hysteresis, cost‐effectiveness, and suitability for tandem applications. Nevertheless, the solution processing and the low formation energy of perovskites inevitably lead to numerous defects formed at both the bulk and interfaces of the perovskite layer. These defects can act as non‐radiative recombination centers, significantly impeding carrier transport and posing a substantial obstacle to stability and further enhancing power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review delves into a detailed discussion of the nature and origin of defects and the characterization techniques employed for defect identification. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes methods for defect detection and approaches for passivating interface and bulk defects within the perovskite film in inverted PSCs. Finally, this review offers a perspective on employing upscaling defect passivation engineering for perovskite modules. It is hoped this review provides insights into defect passivation in inverted PSCs and solar modules.
Iso‐Elemental ZnIn2S4/Zn3In2S6 Heterojunction with Low Contact Energy Barrier Boosts Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Zhao Shengli , Xu Minghua , Jiao Dongxu , Leng Jing , Fang Guozhen , Meng Depeng , Jiang Zhifeng , Jin Shengye , Cui Xiaoqiang , Ravi Sai Kishore
Published: June 2024

Artificial photosynthesis emerges as a strategic pathway to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an environmentally benign oxidant and a clean energy carrier. Nonetheless, in many heterojunction‐based artificial photosynthetic systems, the H2O2 productivity is significantly hindered by poor carrier transport, narrow spectral light absorption, and a lack of adequate active sites for the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a catalyst architecture with an iso‐elemental heterojunction formed by interfacing Zn3In2S6 nano‐flowers and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets is proposed. This catalyst exhibits a H2O2 production rate as high as 23.47 µmol g−1 min−1 under UV–vis light irradiation, which is attributed to the minimized contact energy barrier and enhanced lattice match at the ZnIn2S4/Zn3In2S6 interface thanks to the iso‐elemental catalyst architecture which aids in enhanced efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Theoretical simulations alongside comprehensive in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations confirm the photo‐redox sites for H2O2 generation and effective carrier dynamics across the catalyst surface. Moreover, substituting one reduction‐type catalyst ZnIn2S4 with other non‐iso‐elemental catalysts like CdIn2S4, TiO2, and CdS further confirms the feasibility and superiority of the proposed iso‐elemental configuration. This work offers a new perspective on designing heterojunction catalysts for artificial photosynthesis of H2O2.
Assessment of waste generated from fresh Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Otwey Richard Yaw , Atter Amy , Galley Christopher , Nketia Stephen , Lee Youngsun , Koivula Hanna M. , Agyakwah Seth K.
Published: June 2024

Aquaculture is a key component of Ghana's food system strategies, promoting sustainable animal protein production. Aquaculture complements traditional marine capture fisheries to close the gap between demand and supply. However, about one third of fish produced globally have been reported to go to waste yearly. Among the various cultured fish, the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is a predominant species. This study aimed to estimate the extent of Nile tilapia wastage by consumers in Ghana. A web‐based cross‐sectional consumer survey was designed to assess the parts of the tilapia consumers generally classified as edible or inedible, taking into account the three primary tilapia preparation methods. The study utilised a semi‐structured online questionnaire, gathering responses from 246 participants. The parts of Nile tilapia investigated included the flesh, fins, offal, head, scales, bones, and gill flaps/opercula. The analysis of consumed and wasted parts of Nile tilapias by weight showed that, on average, the flesh made up the majority of the fish at 55.26%, followed by the head at 26.46%, offal at 8.51%, scales at 3.10%, fins at 2.93%, bones at 2.76%, and operculum at 0.98%, which was the smallest component. The study concluded that approximately 30%–45% of waste is generated from Nile tilapia in the Ghanaian supply chain. Tilapia was widely consumed by all groups, with an average liking score of 7.69 ± 1.95 on a 10‐point hedonic scale. A significant association was found between gender and consumption patterns with females showing a higher degree of liking. There was a strong association between the method of preparation and consumption patterns; the fried parts were classified as more edible compared to those that were boiled or grilled. To reduce waste in the aquaculture industry, tilapia and other fishes could be processed in a way that various edible and inedible parts are sold separately.
Characterization of agronomic performance and sterility in triploid and diploid cannabinoid hemp
Authors: Suchoff David H. , Inoa Shannon Henriquez , Stack George M. , Wares Alexander J. , Snyder Stephen I. , Murdock Maylin J. , Rose Jocelyn K. C. , Smart Lawrence B. , Caton Tara A. , Pearce Robert C.
Published: June 2024

Cannabinoid hemp is a dioecious crop where pistillate plants are selectively grown to maximize cannabinoid yields. Errant pollination can reduce pistillate flower yields, cannabinoid concentrations, and lead to unmarketable flowers due to the presence of undesirable seeds. We compared pollen sensitivity and agronomic performance of diploid (2n = 2x = 20 chromosomes) and triploid (2n = 3x = 30 chromosomes) cannabinoid hemp in open‐field conditions. The high‐CBD variety Lifter and high‐CBG variety White CBG were evaluated in both their diploid and triploid counterparts in fields with and without pollen. Trials were conducted during the 2021 and 2022 field seasons in Kentucky, New York, and North Carolina (n = 6 site years). Triploids produced taller and wider plants than diploids; however, this did not result in yield differences in the pollen‐free environment. In the presence of pollen, triploid Lifter and White CBG produced 87% and 77% fewer seeds than their diploid counterparts, respectively. Increased seed production in diploids also resulted in a significant reduction of seed‐free biomass and cannabinoid concentrations compared to triploids. In the absence of pollen, we did not find any appreciable differences in seed‐free biomass or cannabinoid concentrations between triploids and diploids. Though not completely pollen‐insensitive, triploidy is an effective means to reduce seed production and improve yields and quality in cannabinoid hemp in the presence of pollen.
Synthesis of Isoquinoline‐Containing 5,6‐Dicyano‐2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazoles: Unusual Heterocyclization into Dibenzo‐1,6‐Naphthyridine Framework
Authors: Gribanov Pavel S. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Loginov Dmitry A. , Tokarev Sergey D. , Philippova Anna N. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Masoud Salekh M. , Solyev Pavel N. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: June 2024

An efficient access to novel families of cyano‐containing polyheteroaromatic D−A molecules with extended π‐conjugation, including dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives, has been elaborated. The synthetic strategy is based on the sequence of metal‐catalyzed annulation and cross‐coupling reactions starting from available 4‐ethynyl‐5,6‐difluoro‐7‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole to get a new series of isoquinoline‐linked BTD‐based D−A compounds, which further undergo a selective cyanation to afford the corresponding mono‐CN‐ or di‐CN‐BTD derivatives depending on the reaction conditions. In course of the investigation of cyanation process, a new type of intramolecular heterocyclization included the transformation of the benzothiadiazole core into hardly accessible dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridine framework has been unexpectedly discovered. The protocols developed tolerate a wide range of donor blocks such as diphenylamine, carbazole, dibenzoazepine and dihydroacridine.
Recent Advances in the Reaction of MBH Carbonates: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Shao Yifan , Zhang Lei , Meng Xiangtai
Published: June 2024

In recent years, Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) carbonates have been extensively used in domino reactions for the synthesis of novel cyclic and acyclic compounds. This review highlights the progress made in the last decade in the synthesis of a series of compounds from an uncyclized reaction or annulation of MBH carbonates, which demonstrates that the excellent reactivity and high research value of MBH carbonates as representative substrates in organic synthesis. We hope the summary and understanding of the reactivity of MBH carbonates can inspire chemists to apply these substrates in the design of more efficient domino reactions, which will be beneficial for the organic synthesis and drug chemistry.
Intralesional cidofovir injections for the treatment of multifocal exophytic sinonasal papilloma
Authors: Chatelet Florian , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Marc Morgane , Herman Philippe , Verillaud Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Key points

Intralesional cidofovir injections in combination with surgery is an effective treatment for recurrent multifocal sinonasal exophytic papilloma.

No malignant transformation has been observed in our experience.

Anosmia is a potential side effect that patients should be aware of.
Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup
Authors: Jack Clifford R. , Andrews J. Scott , Beach Thomas G. , Buracchio Teresa , Dunn Billy , Graf Ana , Hansson Oskar , Ho Carole , Jagust William , McDade Eric , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Pani Luca , Rafii Michael S. , Scheltens Philip , Siemers Eric , Snyder Heather M. , Sperling Reisa , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Carrillo Maria C.
Published: June 2024

The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association convened three separate work groups in 2011 and single work groups in 2012 and 2018 to create recommendations for the diagnosis and characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present document updates the 2018 research framework in response to several recent developments. Defining diseases biologically, rather than based on syndromic presentation, has long been standard in many areas of medicine (e.g., oncology), and is becoming a unifying concept common to all neurodegenerative diseases, not just AD. The present document is consistent with this principle. Our intent is to present objective criteria for diagnosis and staging AD, incorporating recent advances in biomarkers, to serve as a bridge between research and clinical care. These criteria are not intended to provide step‐by‐step clinical practice guidelines for clinical workflow or specific treatment protocols, but rather serve as general principles to inform diagnosis and staging of AD that reflect current science.

Highlights

We define Alzheimer's disease (AD) to be a biological process that begins with the appearance of AD neuropathologic change (ADNPC) while people are asymptomatic. Progression of the neuropathologic burden leads to the later appearance and progression of clinical symptoms.

Early‐changing Core 1 biomarkers (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], approved cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and accurate plasma biomarkers [especially phosphorylated tau 217]) map onto either the amyloid beta or AD tauopathy pathway; however, these reflect the presence of ADNPC more generally (i.e., both neuritic plaques and tangles).

An abnormal Core 1 biomarker result is sufficient to establish a diagnosis of AD and to inform clinical decision making throughout the disease continuum.

Later‐changing Core 2 biomarkers (biofluid and tau PET) can provide prognostic information, and when abnormal, will increase confidence that AD is contributing to symptoms.

An integrated biological and clinical staging scheme is described that accommodates the fact that common copathologies, cognitive reserve, and resistance may modify relationships between clinical and biological AD stages.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from a Large‐Scale Prospective Study
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Cao Wen , Xie Jiali , Pang Chunyang , Gao Lingfei , Zhu Luyi , Li Yaojia , Yu Huan , Du Lihuai , Fan Dongsheng , Deng Binbin
Published: June 2024

Objective

Although metabolic abnormalities are implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, their role in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains a subject of controversy. We aimed to identify the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of ALS.

Methods

This study included 395,987 participants from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between MetS and ALS. Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Stratified analyses were performed based on gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and education level. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore potential mechanisms.

Results

In this study, a total of 539 cases of ALS were recorded after a median follow‐up of 13.7 years. Patients with MetS (defined harmonized) had a higher risk of developing ALS after adjusting for confounding factors (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.19–1.89). Specifically, hypertension and high triglycerides were linked to a higher risk of ALS (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19–1.95; HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06–1.61, respectively). Moreover, the quantity of metabolic abnormalities showed significant results. Stratified analysis revealed that these associations are particularly significant in individuals with a BMI <25. These findings remained stable after sensitivity analysis. Notably, mediation analysis identified potential metabolites and metabolomic mediators, including alkaline phosphatase, cystatin C, γ‐glutamyl transferase, saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage, and omega‐6 fatty acids to omega‐3 fatty acids ratio.

Interpretation

MetS exhibits a robust association with an increased susceptibility to ALS, particularly in individuals with a lower BMI. Furthermore, metabolites and metabolomics, as potential mediators, provide invaluable insights into the intricate biological mechanisms. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:788–801
Enantioselective Arylation of Sulfenamides to Access Sulfilimines Enabled by Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Yuan Yin , Han Yidan , Zhang Zhi‐kun , Sun Shijin , Wu Ke , Yang Junfeng , Zhang Junliang
Published: June 2024

Sulfur‐containing functional groups have garnered considerable attention due to their common occurrence in ligands, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. Nevertheless, enantioselective synthesis of sulfilimines, particularly diaryl sulfilimines remains a challenging and persistent goal. Herein we report a highly enantio‐ and chemoselective cross–coupling of sulfenamides with aryl diazonium salt to construct diverse S(IV) stereocenters by Pd catalysis. Bisphosphine ligands bearing sulfinamide groups play a crucial role in achieving high reactivity and selectivity. This approach provides a general, modular and divergent framework for quickly synthesizing chiral sulfilimines and sulfoximines that are otherwise challenging to access. In addition, the origins of the high chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity were extensively investigated using density functional theory calculations.
Detection of Tumor‐Associated Autoantibodies in the Sera of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Using Engineered MUC1 Glycopeptide Nanoparticle Probes
Authors: Corzana Francisco , Asín Alicia , Eguskiza Ander , De Tomi Elisa , Martín‐Carnicero Alfonso , Martínez‐Moral María P. , Mangini Vincenzo , Papi Francesco , Bretón Carmen , Oroz Paula , Lagartera Laura , Jiménez‐Moreno Ester , Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesús H. , Nativi Cristina , Asensio Juan L. , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramón , Peregrina Jesús M. , Malerba Giovanni , Martínez Alfredo , Fiammengo Roberto
Published: June 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic approaches to identify the disease as early as possible. We have developed a diagnostic assay for pancreatic cancer based on the detection of naturally occurring tumor associated autoantibodies against Mucin‐1 (MUC1) using engineered glycopeptides on nanoparticle probes. We used a structure‐guided approach to develop unnatural glycopeptides as model antigens for tumor‐associated MUC1. We designed a collection of 13 glycopeptides to bind either SM3 or 5E5, two monoclonal antibodies with distinct epitopes known to recognize tumor associated MUC1. Glycopeptide binding to SM3 or 5E5 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations. These model antigens were conjugated to gold nanoparticles and used in a dot‐blot assay to detect autoantibodies in serum samples from pancreatic cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Nanoparticle probes with glycopeptides displaying the SM3 epitope did not have diagnostic potential. Instead, nanoparticle probes displaying glycopeptides with high affinity for 5E5 could discriminate between cancer patients and healthy controls. Remarkably, the best‐discriminating probes show significantly better true and false positive rates than the current clinical biomarkers CA19‐9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
A Covalent Organic Nanoribbon: Preparation, Single‐Crystal Structure with Chinese Luban Lock Configuration, and Photocatalytic Behavior
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Zihao , Li Xiao‐Xin , Wang Xiang , Gu Qianfeng , Wang Xin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Lan Ya‐Qian , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2024

The multiple mortise‐and‐tenon joint parts are the core factors to provide the structural stability and diversity of Chinese Luban locks; however, constructing such structures is very challenging. Herein, single crystals of a covalent organic nanoribbon (named CityU‐27) are prepared through the assembly of hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP), 4,4′‐vinylenedipyridine (BYE), and phenylboronic acid (BA) together through dative boron←nitrogen (B←N) bonds. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that CityU‐27 has a covalent organic nanoribbon structure, where each nanoribbon forms multiple and tight π–π interactions with four neighboring others to generate a Luban lock‐like configuration. CityU‐27 has been demonstrated to be an efficient photocatalyst in a one‐pot tandem reaction of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and semi‐hydrogenation reaction of alkynes in series to produce olefins without any additional photosensitizers and co‐catalysts (metal‐free).
Vanillin based phthalonitrile and acetylene bifunctional resins
Authors: Sitter James D. , Richardson Tyler , Wallace Jean M. , Lusk Clair , Brown Loren C. , Laskoski Matthew
Published: June 2024

The renewable and biosynthetic molecule, vanillin, were used in the preparation of new phthalonitrile (PN) and ethynylbenzene (EB) bifunctional resins without pre‐modification of the vanillin structure. This PN resin was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, rheometry, and single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The monomers exhibited excellent rheometric viscosities below 250 Cp at processing temperatures and a good pot life. After complete curing, the PN polymers exhibited thermal stability above 500°C, a glass transition temperature (Tg) above the final postcure temperature of 380°C, and exceptional retention of structural integrity over a large temperature range. These results suggest that vanillin derived EBPN based resins are excellent candidates for use in a variety of applications where high temperature and mechanical stability is critical.
Synergetic effect of the crosslinker size and polysaccharide type on the acrylamide networks
Authors: Keten Selinay , Gönülkirmaz Ferda , Karacan Pinar , Ceylan Deniz , Abdurrahmanoğlu Suzan
Published: June 2024

The microstructures of hydrogels dominate their properties such as swelling, mechanical, etc., and therefore, their applications. Possessing a homogeneous network lead to uniform swelling and mechanical properties throughout the material. Considering the synergistic effect of crosslinker size and polysaccharide variation, acrylamide hydrogels were synthesized in a single step reaction using tetraethyleneglycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) as a crosslinker in the absence and presence of polysaccharides such as dextran, starch, and sodium alginate. By using the thermal initiator polysaccharides have been used directly without any pre‐functionalization in the single step gelation reaction. All the hydrogel samples were characterized by means of swelling, and mechanical and structural properties. Hydrogels synthesized with TEGDMA as a crosslinker were compared with conventional acrylamide gels prepared using N,N′‐methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and the results emphasized the superior mechanical strength and flexibility of the gels obtained with TEGDMA. Both relatively longer crosslinker and polysaccharide additions have assisted in the formation of a more homogeneous acrylamide network. Polysaccharides which possess plenty of hydroxyl groups have provided a great impact on the swelling properties of the gel samples. Besides the carboxyl groups of alginate backbones have also increased the swelling ratio of the hydrogels additionally. The synergetic effect of the crosslinker and polysaccharide additives on the homogeneity of the acrylamide network and its swelling properties could be suggested for future applications, especially in the area of biomaterials.
Potential impact of economic incentives to reduce primary air emissions related to residential biomass combustion: the case of Lombardy region, Italy
Authors: Ozgen Senem
Published: June 2024

The paper explores the potential of the main state economic incentive (Conto Termico) designed to promote the use of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling purposes in residential buildings, aiming to reduce primary air emissions from residential biomass combustion (RBC). For this purpose, an emission reduction scenario involving the technological transition of biomass residential heating appliances was implemented in the lowland small‐medium municipalities of the Lombardy region in Italy, where households are connected to the natural gas grid but RBC is often practiced for economic reasons, contributing to severe air pollution problems related especially to particulate matter (PM) emissions. This technological turnover scenario (i.e. all biomass appliances in the area replaced by state‐of‐the‐art pellet appliances) resulted in a significant reduction of particulate matter emissions, while having only a minimal impact on NOx emissions. The incentivized cost for technological turnover (€15/kgPM10 avoided) was in line with the social costs associated with health impacts related to PM10 in a rural setting such as the study area. Given the one‐off investment support provided by a recently adopted national decree (DM 15/09/2022), biomethane emerges as a promising renewable energy alternative to decrease PM and NOx emissions from RBC in Lombardy region, characterized by an extensive natural gas distribution network and potential waste feedstock for biomethane production. Despite the still elevated production costs, an analysis restricted to the incentivized segment reveals that supporting biomethane production through investment incentives is more cost‐effective (€8/kgPM10 avoided) than promoting technological turnover.
The capabilities of sports as an option for poverty reduction strategy: Citizen perspective
Authors: Luguterah Austin Wontepaga , Mohammed Salifu Maigari , Apaak Daniel , Abieraba Richard Samuel Kwadwo
Published: June 2024

When implemented strategically, sports can address various socio‐economic challenges and contribute to improving the well‐being of individuals and communities. This study explores the perceptions of citizens on the capabilities of sports in its present state in Ghana as an option for poverty reduction strategy. The researchers combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches, methodologies and techniques in this study. The researchers made use of questionnaires and interviews to gather data for this study. The study implored the integration of data methods by using sequential approach, and the six steps of thematic analysis proposed by Braun and Clarke (2012, Thematic analysis, American Psychological Association) in the data analysis. The research recognised that participation in sports can improve one's health, give one life skills and foster a sense of community togetherness. However, given the weak foundation for sports development in Ghana, the current situation of sports in the country cannot be used as a strategy for reducing poverty.
The impact of mental toughness on resilience and well‐being: A comparison of hearing‐impaired and non‐hearing‐impaired athletes
Authors: Akoğlu Halil Erdem , Cengiz Caner , Hazar Zekihan , Erdeveciler Övünç , Balcı Velittin
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of mental toughness levels on the psychological resilience and mental well‐being levels of hearing impaired and non‐hearing impaired athletes and the extent of the difference between hearing impaired and non‐hearing impaired athletes. The study group of the research consisted of 121 hearing impaired and 127 non‐hearing‐impaired athletes who continue their active sports life in Turkey. Convenience sampling method for non‐hearing‐impaired athletes and snowball sampling method for hearing impaired athletes were used for data collection. Data was collected online with Google Forms. In the study, structural equation modelling was conducted with Smart PLS program. In Model A, the direct effect of mental toughness on mental well‐being and resilience was determined. Model B showed that mental toughness directly affected mental well‐being and resilience. Mental toughness has a direct effect on psychological resilience and mental well‐being of hearing‐impaired athletes and non‐hearing‐impaired athletes. In addition, the mental toughness, psychological resilience and mental well‐being levels of hearing‐impaired athletes are higher than those of non‐hearing‐impaired athletes.
Application of Stemphylium lycopersici Extracts Immobilized on MCM‐48type Mesoporous Materials as Biocatalysts for Monoacylglycerol Production
Authors: Paranhos Bruno A. , Dallago Rogério M. , dos S. Martins Gustavo , Mignoni Marcelo L. , Valduga Eunice , Guimarães Denise O. , Itabaiana Ivaldo , Malafaia Camila R. A. , Leal Ivana C. R.
Published: June 2024

Monoacylglycerols are eco‐friendly and inexpensive emulsifiers with a range of applications. The traditional synthetic route is not eco‐friendly, while enzymatic catalysis offers milder reaction conditions and higher selectivity. However, its application still is limited due to the costs. In this context, endophytic fungi can be source to new biocatalysts with enhanced catalytic activity. Based on this perspective, the aim of this study was perform the synthesis of MAG‘s through transesterification reactions of solketal and different vinyl esters, using crude and immobilized lipolytic extracts from the endophytic fungi Stemphylium lycopersici, isolated from Humiria balsamifera. The reactions were conducted using 100 mg of biocatalyst, 1 mmol of substrates, 9 : 1 n‐heptane/acetone, at 40 °C, 200 rpm for 96 h. In the reactions using the ILE and stearate, laureate and decanoate vinyl esters it was possible to obtain the correspondent products with conversion rates of 52–75 %. Also, according to the structure drivers used in MCM‐48 synthesis, different morphologies and conversions rates were observed. Employing [C16MI] Cl, [C14MI] Cl and [C4MI] Cl, the 1‐lauroyl‐ glycerol conversion was 36 %, 79 % and 44 %, respectively. This is the first work involving the immobilization of an endophytic fungi and its utilization as a biocatalyst in the production of MAG's.
Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Technologies Through Life Cycle Assessment: A Review
Authors: Nath Soumitra
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical wastewater treatment technologies are gaining attraction as sustainable alternatives for industrial and municipal wastewater management. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electroreduction. By analyzing key stages, from raw material extraction to end‐of‐life disposal, the review aims to provide insight into their overall sustainability performance. The study also delves into environmental impact categories and utilization of methods used in quantifying the environmental implications. Moreover, a cost structure analysis and cost‐effectiveness evaluation offer insights into the economic viability of these technologies. Despite facing challenges like high initial costs and regulatory constraints, electrochemical technologies demonstrate competitive advantages in treatment efficiency and energy savings. Collaborative efforts and supportive policy frameworks are deemed crucial for overcoming barriers and fostering the widespread adoption of electrochemical technologies, thereby advancing sustainable wastewater management practices.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

The lack of any effect of music therapy for preterm infants

The increase in stress disorders in college students

The role of genes and child rearing in parental transmission of PTSD and ASRs to children
Outcomes of ultra‐low contrast percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sekerak Richard , Lerner Johanna Ben‐Ami , Garnett Christopher , McEntegart Margaret , Maehara Akiko , Ali Ziad , Fall Khady , Mohan Sumit , Ratner Lloyd E. , Leon Martin B. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Moses Jeffrey , Prasad Megha
Published: June 2024

Background

Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate our single center experience of ultra‐low contrast PCI in patients with CKD and to characterize 1 year outcomes.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of ultra‐low contrast PCI at our institution between 2016 and 2022. Patients with CKD3b‐5 (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m2), not on RRT who underwent ultra‐low contrast PCI ( < 30 mL of contrast during PCI) were included. Primary outcomes included change in eGFR post‐procedurally, and death, RRT requirement, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1 year follow‐up.

Results

One hundred patients were included in the study. The median age was 67 years old and 28% were female. The median baseline eGFR was 21.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (IQR 14.08–32.0 mL/min/1.73m2). A median of 8.0 mL (IQR 0–15 mL) of contrast was used during PCI. Median contrast use to eGFR ratio was 0.37 (IQR 0‐0.59). There was no significant difference between pre‐and postprocedure eGFR (p = 0.84). At 1 year, 8% of patients died, 11% required RRT and 33% experienced MACE. The average time of RRT initiation was 7 months post‐PCI. Forty‐four patients were undergoing renal transplant evaluation, of which 17 (39%) received a transplant.

Conclusions

In patients with advanced CKD, ultra‐low contrast PCI is feasible and safe with minimal need for peri‐procedural RRT. Moreover, ultra‐low contrast PCI may allow for preservation of renal function in anticipation of renal transplantation.
Current applications, procedural and 1‐year outcomes of Rotatripsy for the treatment of calcified coronary lesions
Authors: van Oort Martijn J. H. , Al Amri Ibtihal , Bingen Brian O. , Oliveri Federico , Vilalta Victoria , Jurado‐Roman Alfonso , Pereira Ana Rita , Cordoba‐Soriano Juan G. , Rumiz González Eva , Fernández‐Peregrina Estefania , van der Kley Frank , Jukema J. Wouter , Montero‐Cabezas Jose M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) combined with rotational atherectomy (RA), known as Rotatripsy, is used to treat severe coronary artery calcification (CAC), though data on efficacy, midterm safety and use sequence is limited. We aimed to identify indicators for Rotatripsy use and to assess its safety and success rates, both acutely and at 1‐year follow‐up.

Methods

Patients undergoing Rotatripsy for severe CAC across six centers from May 2019 to December 2023 were included. Demographic, clinical, procedural and follow‐up data were collected. Efficacy endpoints included device success (delivery of the RA‐burr and IVL‐balloon across the target lesion and administration of therapy without related complications), technical success (TIMI 3 flow and residual stenosis <30% by quantitative coronary analysis) and procedural success [composite of technical success with absence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiac death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization). Safety endpoints comprised Rotatripsy‐related complications and MACE at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

A total of 114 patients (75 ± 9 years, 78% male) underwent Rotatripsy for 120 lesions. In the majority of procedures RA was followed by IVL, mostly electively (n = 68, 57%) but also for balloon underexpansion (n = 37, 31%) and stent crossing failure (n = 1, 1%). Diverse and complex target lesions were addressed with an average SYNTAX score of 24.6 ± 13.0. Device, technical and procedural success were 97%, 94% and 93%, respectively. Therapy‐related complications included two (2%) coronary perforations, one (1%) coronary dissection and one (1%) burr entrapment. At 1‐year follow‐up(present in 77(67%) patients), MACE occurred in 7(9%) cases.

Conclusions

Over a 1‐year follow‐up period, Rotatripsy was safe and effective, predominantly using RA electively before IVL.
Coronary artery intramural hematoma causing myocardial infarction mimicking pseudoaneurysm or dissection from trauma: A case report
Authors: Albriek Abdulilah Z. , Alamri Saad , Hamad Faisal , Alshamiri Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Blunt chest trauma caused ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Diagnosis of intramural hematoma (IMH) using computed tomography was confirmed using electrocardiography, cardiac marker tests, and subsequent coronary angiography. After conservative treatment, the hematoma was completely resolved 1 year later. Differentiating IMH from other arterial injuries is critical for appropriate management.
Ethylene Dimerization, Isomerization and Trimerization: Mechanistic Insights into Competing Pathways on Metal–Organic Framework Supported Metal Hydrides
Authors: Hashem Karam , Yang Kuiwei , Krishnan Ramakrishna , Zhang Yugen , Jiang Jianwen
Published: June 2024

Catalytic ethylene oligomerization is important in the petrochemical industry, as it produces valuable products like linear alpha‐olefins (LAOs) for the synthesis of polymers and specialty chemicals. Catalysts, typically transition metal complexes or metal‐containing materials, play a crucial role in selective oligomerization by providing active sites for ethylene activation and controlling product distribution. Recently, defective metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with well‐defined structures and unsaturated active sites have emerged as potential catalysts for ethylene oligomerization. In this study, we employ density functional theory calculations to investigate the energetic selectivity of competing pathways (including dimerization, isomerization and trimerization) during ethylene oligomerization on defective HKUST‐1 supported metal hydrides (H−M–DHKUST‐1, M: Co, Ni, Ru, Rh and Pd). On all the five hydrides, ethylene dimerization is found to be more preferential than trimerization and isomerization. In the microenvironment of defective paddlewheel of HKUST‐1, isomerization is highly unfavorable compared with dimerization because of high energy required for chain walk, and 1‐butene is expected to be the major product on all the five hydrides. Analysis of NBO charges reveals a notable reduction in cationic nature at the metal site on H−Ru–DHKUST‐1, which facilitates β‐hydride elimination for dimerization. The microscopic insights from this computational study might facilitate the rational design of new MOFs and other MOF‐supported catalysts for selective ethylene oligomerization.
Selenylation of N‐(P‐Methoxyaryl)Propiolamides via CuBr2 Catalysis: Synthesis of 3‐Selenospiro[4,5]Decatrienones via Ipso‐Cyclization
Authors: Cai Jinhui , Cen Kaili , Lin Hongyi , Zhang Haixia , Zhou Nannan , Wang Qiaolin
Published: June 2024

Herein, a method for the assembly of biologically valuable 3‐selenospiro[4,5]decatrienones through CuBr2‐catalyzed ispo‐cyclization of Se powder, boronic acids, and N‐(p‐methoxyaryl)propiolamides has been established. In this protocol, noble transition metal, prefunctionalized selenylation reagent, and strong chemical oxidant are not employed. This method feature wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, easy operation, and employing earth‐abundant metal as catalyst and green air as oxidant. Furthermore, several derivatizations of 3‐selenospiro[4,5]decatrienones are performed to showcase the practicability of our strategy.