bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ Magnesiothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous MgO/OMC Composite for Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions
Authors: Shen Hangjia , Qin Danfeng , Li Yuzhen , Li Shouzhu , Yang Chi , Yuan Qunhui , Wagberg Thomas , Hu Guangzhi
Published: July 2016

Mesoporous materials have exceptional properties for application owing to their ability to absorb and interact with guest species. A novel MgO/OMC composite with mesoporous structure was successfully synthesized via in situ magnesiothermic reduction. The structure was confirmed by N2 sorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By using nafion and bismuth films as co‐modifiers, the MgO/OMC composite material shows high sensitivity of 0.113 μA ⋅ L μg−1 and lower background current for electrochemical determination of lead ion (Pb2+) by using anodic stripping voltammetry. The high specific surface area and good mass transfer on the proposed mesoporous material, as well as the outstanding adsorption abilities of MgO to metal ions and the excellent conductivity of the carbon skeleton contribute to the enhanced electrochemical response of Pb2+. As the stripping response of Bi/MgO/OMC‐Nafion/PGE is highly linear (R2=0.998) over a Pb2+ concentration range of 2 to 300 μg/L, it was successfully used to analyse Pb2+ in real tap‐water samples with good recoveries.
In Situ Fabrication of Tungsten Diphosphide Nanoparticles on Tungsten foil: A Hydrogen‐Evolution Cathode for a Wide pH Range
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Mu Shichun
Published: July 2016

Identifying non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) with high efficiency and stability is a considerable challenge for the hydrogen‐based energy industry. We report the preparation of WP2 nanoparticles supported on W foil (WP2 NPs/W) through phosphidation of the corresponding WO3 NPs/W precursor. This hydrogen evolution cathode shows a high HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential (j>100 mA cm−2 at η=211 mV), a small Tafel slope (66 mV dec−1), and a large exchange current density (0.09 mA cm−2) as well as excellent stability over 27 h in acidic solution. Notably, this catalyst also offers superior catalytic activity and remarkable stability under neutral and alkaline conditions. It is worth noting that, as a Pt‐free HER catalyst, WP2 NPs/W shows an electrocatalytic activity comparable to reported noble metal‐free HER electrocatalysts at all pH values. Thus, the in situ conversion method provides a pathway to fabricate highly efficient and low‐cost as well as self‐supported non‐precious‐metal electrodes for HER.
Research on wind turbine safety analysis: Failure analysis, reliability analysis, and risk assessment
Authors: Jin Xin , Gan Yang , Ju Wenbin , Yang Xiangang , Han Huali
Published: July 2016

Wind power is an affordable, efficient, and abundant source of electricity. It is pollution‐free and cost‐competitive with energy from new coal‐ and gas‐fired power plants in many regions. The wind industry has been growing rapidly in recent years. The rapid development of wind power industry requires higher performance and reliability of equipment. Thus, safety problem is extremely important to large scale wind turbines, as make safety engineering become the focus of WTs R&D. Thus, relevant researches have gained increasing attention in the wind industry. Accordingly, this article reviews the basic analysis types and their corresponding applications in WTs system safety analysis, aiming to let more experts deeply understand the current research status and also provide some guidance for relevant researches. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1848–1861, 2016
Predictive stability indicator: a novel approach to configuring a real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Maghareh Amin , Dyke Shirley , Rabieniaharatbar Siamak , Prakash Arun
Published: July 2016

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is an effective and versatile tool for the examination of complex structural systems with rate dependent behaviors. To meet the objectives of such a test, appropriate consideration must be given to the partitioning of the system into physical and computational portions (i.e., the configuration of the RTHS). Predictive stability and performance indicators (PSI and PPI) were initially established for use with only single degree‐of‐freedom systems. These indicators allow researchers to plan a RTHS, to quantitatively examine the impact of partitioning choices on stability and performance, and to assess the sensitivity of an RTHS configuration to de‐synchronization at the interface. In this study, PSI is extended to any linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system. The PSI is obtained analytically and it is independent of the transfer system and controller dynamics, providing a relatively easy and extremely useful method to examine many partitioning choices. A novel matrix method is adopted to convert a delay differential equation to a generalized eigenvalue problem using a set of vectorization mappings, and then to analytically solve the delay differential equations in a computationally efficient way. Through two illustrative examples, the PSI is demonstrated and validated. Validation of the MDOF PSI also includes comparisons to a MDOF dynamic model that includes realistic models of the hydraulic actuators and the control‐structure interaction effects. Results demonstrate that the proposed PSI can be used as an effective design tool for conducting successful RTHS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Damping reduction factors and code‐based design equation for structures using semi‐active viscous dampers
Authors: Kh. Hazaveh Nikoo , Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Pampanin Stefano , Chase J. Geoffrey
Published: July 2016

This study uses a semi‐active viscous damper with three different control laws to reshape the structural hysteresis loop and mitigate structural response, referred to as 1–4, 1–3 and 2–4 devices, respectively. The 1–4 control law provides damping in all four quadrants of the force‐displacement graph (it behaves like a standard viscous damper), the 1–3 control law provides resisting forces only in the first and third quadrants, and the 2–4 control law provides damping in the second and fourth quadrants. This paper first outlines the linear single degree of freedom structural performance when the three types of semi‐active viscous dampers are applied. The results show that simultaneous reduction in both displacement and base‐shear demand is only available with the semi‐active 2–4 device. To enable guidelines for adding a 2–4 device into the design procedure, damping reduction factors (RFξs) are developed, as they play an important role and provide a means of linking devices to design procedures. Three methods are presented to obtain RFξ and equivalent viscous damping of a structure with a 2–4 semi‐active viscous damper. In the first method, the relationship between RFξ and the damping of a semi‐active structure can be obtained by calculating the area under the force‐deformation diagram. The second and third method modified the Eurocode8 formula of RFξ and smoothed results from analysis, respectively. Finally, a simple method is proposed to incorporate the design or retrofit of structures with simple, robust and reliable 2–4 semi‐active viscous dampers using standard design approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snapshot hyperspectral retinal imaging using compact spectral resolving detector array
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Wenzhong , Dong Biqin , Kaluzny Joel V. , Fawzi Amani A. , Zhang Hao F.
Published: July 2016

Hyperspectral retinal imaging captures the light spectrum from each imaging pixel. It provides spectrally encoded retinal physiological and morphological information, which could potentially benefit diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of retinal diseases. The key challenges in hyperspectral retinal imaging are how to achieve snapshot imaging to avoid motions between the images from multiple spectral bands, and how to design a compact snapshot imager suitable for clinical use. Here, we developed a compact, snapshot hyperspectral fundus camera for rodents using a novel spectral resolving detector array (SRDA), on which a thin‐film Fabry–Perot cavity filter was monolithically fabricated on each imaging pixel. We achieved hyperspectral retinal imaging with 16 wavelength bands (460 to 630 nm) at 20 fps. We also demonstrated false‐color vessel contrast enhancement and retinal oxygen saturation (sO2) measurement through spectral analysis. This work could potentially bring hyperspectral retinal imaging from bench to bedside.

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Extracellular Proteasomes Are Deficient in 19S Subunits as Revealed by iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Tsimokha Anna S. , Zaykova Julia J. , Bottrill Andrew , Barlev Nikolai A.
Published: July 2016

Proteasome‐mediated proteolysis is critical for regulation of vast majority of cellular processes. In addition to their well‐documented functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm proteasomes have also been found in extracellular space. The origin and functions of these proteasomes, dubbed as circulating/plasmatic or extracellular proteasomes, are unclear. To gain insights into the molecular and functional differences between extracellular (EPs) and cellular proteasomes (CPs) we compared their subunit composition using iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ LC/MS‐MS). Our analysis of purified from K562 cells or conditioned medium intact proteasome complexes led to an identification and quantification of 114 proteins, out of which 19 were 26S proteasome proteins (all subunits of the 20S proteasome and a small number of the 19S regulatory particle proteins), and 3 belonged to the ubiquitin system. Sixty‐two of proteasome interacting proteins (PIPs) were differentially represented in CP versus EP, with folds difference ranging from 1.5 to 4.8. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that functionally most of EP‐PIPs were associated with protein biosynthesis and, unlike CP‐PIPs, were under represented by chaperon/ATP‐binding proteins. Identities of some of the proteasome proteins and PIPs were verified by Western blotting. Importantly, we uncovered that the stoichiometry of the 20S versus 19S complexes in the extracellular proteasomes was different compared to the one calculated for the intracellular proteasomes. Specifically, the EP prep contained only three 19S subunits versus at least 18 in the CP one, suggesting that the extracellular proteasomes are deficient in 19S complexes, which may imply that they have special biological functions. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 842–851, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and determination of the major constituents in Kai‐Xin‐San by UPLC‐Q/TOF MS and UFLC‐MS/MS method
Authors: Lv Chunxiao , He Bosai , Sui Zhenyu , Li Qing , Bi Kaishun
Published: July 2016

In order to have overall chemical material information of Kai‐Xin‐San (KXS), the reliable ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS) and ultra‐fast liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (UFLC‐MS/MS) methods were developed for the identification and determination of the major constituents in KXS. Moreover, the UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS method was also applied to screen for multiple absorbed components in rat plasma after oral administration of KXS. The UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS method was achieved on Agilent 6520 Q‐TOF mass and operated in the negative ion mode. Good separation was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. A total of 92 compounds in KXS were identified or tentatively characterized based on their exact molecular weights, fragmentation patterns, and literature data. A total of 26 compounds including 23 prototype components and three metabolites were identified in rat plasma after oral administration of KXS. Then, 16 major bioactive constituents were chosen as the benchmark substances to evaluate the quality of KXS. Their quantitative analyses were performed by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operating in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode(MRM). The analysis was completed with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min within 35 min. The simple and fast method was validated and showed good linearity, precision, and recovery. Furthermore, the method was successful applied for the determination of 16 compounds in KXS. All results would provide essential data for identification and quality control of active chemical constituents in KXS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of colloidal graphite as a matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry of low molecular weight analytes
Authors: Warren Alexander D. , Conway Ulric , Arthur Christopher J. , Gates Paul J.
Published: July 2016

The analysis of low molecular weight compounds by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry is problematic due to the interference and suppression of analyte ionisation by the matrices typically employed – which are themselves low molecular weight compounds. The application of colloidal graphite is demonstrated here as an easy to use matrix that can promote the ionisation of a wide range of analytes including low molecular weight organic compounds, complex natural products and inorganic complexes. Analyte ionisation with colloidal graphite is compared with traditional organic matrices along with various other sources of graphite (e.g. graphite rods and charcoal pencils). Factors such as ease of application, spectra reproducibility, spot longevity, spot‐to‐spot reproducibility and spot homogeneity (through single spot imaging) are explored. For some analytes, considerable matrix suppression effects are observed resulting in spectra completely devoid of matrix ions. We also report the observation of radical molecular ions [M–●] in the negative ion mode, particularly with some aromatic analytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of durum wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits Bx20 and By20 sequences by a molecular and proteomic approach
Authors: Santagati Vito Davide , Sestili Francesco , Lafiandra Domenico , D'Ovidio Renato , Rogniaux Helene , Masci Stefania
Published: July 2016

Wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit variation is important because of its great influence on glutenin polymer structure, that is related to dough technological properties. Among the different subunits, the pair Bx20 and By20 is known to have a negative effect on quality, but the reasons are not clear: Bx20 has two cysteines, which theoretically make this subunit a chain extender of the glutenin polymer, just like the other Bx subunits, showing four cysteines, two of which should be involved in intra‐molecular disulfide bonds. By20 has never been characterized so far at molecular level. Here we report the nucleotide sequences of Bx20 and By20 genes isolated from the durum wheat cultivar ‘Lira 45’ and the validation of the corresponding deduced amino acid sequences by using MALDI‐TOF and LC‐MS/MS. Four nucleotide differences were identified in the Bx20 gene with respect to the deduced sequence present in NCBI, causing two amino acid substitutions. For the By20 subunit, nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed a great similarity to By15, both at gene and protein levels, showing five nucleotide changes generating two amino acid differences. No evidence of post‐translational modifications has been found.

Hypotheses are formulated in regard to relationships with technological quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient approach for the detection and identification of new androgenic metabolites by applying SRM GC‐CI‐MS/MS: a methandienone case study
Authors: Polet Michael , Van Gansbeke Wim , Van Eenoo Peter , Deventer Koen
Published: July 2016

Identification of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is a vital issue in doping control and toxicology, and searching for metabolites with longer detection times remains an important task. Recently, a gas chromatography chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC‐CI‐MS/MS) method was introduced, and CI, in comparison with electron ionization (EI), proved to be capable of increasing the sensitivity significantly. In addition, correlations between AAS structure and fragmentation behavior could be revealed. This enables the search for previously unknown but expected metabolites by selection of their predicted transitions. The combination of both factors allows the setup of an efficient approach to search for new metabolites. The approach uses selected reaction monitoring which is inherently more sensitive than full scan or precursor ion scan. Additionally, structural information obtained from the structure specific CI fragmentation pattern facilitates metabolite identification. The procedure was demonstrated by a methandienone case study. Its metabolites have been studied extensively in the past, and this allowed an adequate evaluation of the efficiency of the approach. Thirty three metabolites were detected, including all relevant previously discovered metabolites. In our study, the previously reported long‐term metabolite (18‐nor‐17β‐hydroxymethyl,17α‐methyl‐androst‐1,4,13‐trien‐3‐one) could be detected up to 26 days by using GC‐CI‐MS/MS. The study proves the validity of the approach to search for metabolites of new synthetic AAS and new long‐term metabolites of less studied AAS and illustrates the increase in sensitivity by using CI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐way and three‐way approaches to ultra high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array dataset for the quantitative resolution of a two‐component mixture containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole
Authors: Dinç Erdal , Ertekin Zehra Ceren , Büker Eda
Published: July 2016

Two‐way and three‐way calibration models were applied to ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array data with coeluted peaks in the same wavelength and time regions for the simultaneous quantitation of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in tablets. The chromatographic data cube (tensor) was obtained by recording chromatographic spectra of the standard and sample solutions containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with sulfadiazine as an internal standard as a function of time and wavelength. Parallel factor analysis and trilinear partial least squares were used as three‐way calibrations for the decomposition of the tensor, whereas three‐way unfolded partial least squares was applied as a two‐way calibration to the unfolded dataset obtained from the data array of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The validity and ability of two‐way and three‐way analysis methods were tested by analyzing validation samples: synthetic mixture, interday and intraday samples, and standard addition samples. Results obtained from two‐way and three‐way calibrations were compared to those provided by traditional ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed methods, parallel factor analysis, trilinear partial least squares, unfolded partial least squares, and traditional ultra high performance liquid chromatography were successfully applied to the quantitative estimation of the solid dosage form containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole.
Characterization of crude oil biomarkers using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mogollón Noroska Gabriela Salazar , Prata Paloma Santana , dos Reis Jadson Zeni , Neto Eugênio Vaz dos Santos , Augusto Fabio
Published: July 2016

Oil samples from Recôncavo basin (NE Brazil), previously analyzed by traditional techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, were evaluated using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry along with simplified methods of samples preparation to evaluate the differences and advantages of these analytical techniques to better understand the development of the organic matter in this basin without altering the normal distribution of the compounds in the samples. As a result, the geochemical parameters calculated by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry described better the origin, maturity, and biodegradation of both samples probably by increased selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity inherent of the multidimensional technique. Additionally, the detection of the compounds such as, the C(14α‐) homo‐26‐nor‐17α‐hopane series, diamoretanes, nor‐spergulanes, C19–C26 A‐nor‐steranes and 4α‐methylsteranes resolved and detected by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry were key to classify and differentiate these lacustrine samples according to their maturity and deposition conditions.
Long‐Term Impacts of Post‐Fire Mulching on Ground‐Dwelling Arthropod Communities in a Eucalypt Plantation
Authors: Puga João Ricardo Lavoura , Abrantes Nelson José Cabaços , de Oliveira Maria João Saraiva , Vieira Diana Catarina Simões , Faria Silvia Regina , Gonçalves Fernando , Keizer Jan Jacob
Published: July 2016

In the past decades, Portugal like several other Mediterranean countries has been affected by frequent wildfires. This has led to various field tests of post‐fire soil conservation measures and, in particular, mulching with forest slash residues. While forest residue mulching was shown to be highly effective in reducing post‐fire erosion, its side effects on soil fauna communities have not been studied and are also difficult to predict from the – scarce – literature on mulch effects in general. Therefore, this study compared the abundance, diversity and taxonomic and functional composition of the ground‐dwelling arthropod communities of three mulched and, as control, three untreated erosion plots of roughly 100 m2 that had been installed in a eucalypt plantation almost immediately after a wildfire in 2010, some five years earlier. This was done using three pitfall traps per plot, placed at the lower, middle and upper part of the study slope. Roughly five years after mulching, its impacts on the ground‐dwelling arthropod were rather limited, especially compared to its effect on overall soil erosion rates. One of the few exceptions was the abundance of the Hymenoptera – one of the most frequently occurring orders – which was significantly lower in the mulched than control plots. This and other near significant mulching impacts found in this study plainly justify a follow‐up study on short‐term effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Critical Review of the Water Balance and Agronomic Effects of Conservation Tillage under Rain‐fed Agriculture in Ethiopia
Authors: Asmamaw Desale Kidane
Published: July 2016

About 80% of Ethiopia's population is involved in rain‐fed agriculture. Moisture stress coupled with traditional tillage with breaking ard plough, locally known as ‘Maresha’ are the major limiting factors for agricultural production. Soil erosion, low infiltration and decline agricultural productivity because of conventional tillage implement have been frequently reported. In order to curve this situation and meet the huge food demand of the growing population, different conservation tillage systems have been implemented. However, there is limited information about the impacts of the practices. This review paper therefore aimed at providing adequate information concerning the impacts of the practices on water balance and crop yield. Systematic, best evidence and narrative review techniques were used. Results revealed that the application of conservation tillage had brought significant improvement on water balance and agricultural production. Researchers found over 50% decreased in surface runoff, 9 to 40% improvement in water productivity and good crop transpiration (T = 53 mm season−1), compared to conventional tillage T = 49 mm‐season−1 because of conservation tillage implement. Moreover, doubled grain yield was obtained from ridging, subsoiling and wing plough (1076, 1044 and 1040 kg ha−1, respectively) compared to traditional tillage which resulted in 540 kg ha−1. Improving water balance and agricultural production in rain‐fed agriculture need to reduce evaporation and surface runoff through improving moisture retention and transpiration. This could be achieved by the adoption of conservation tillage which can improve on‐farm water balance, yields and water productivity among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Assessment of Soil Loss Due to Wind Erosion in European Agricultural Soils Using a Quantitative Spatially Distributed Modelling Approach
Authors: Borrelli P. , Lugato E. , Montanarella L. , Panagos P.
Published: July 2016

Field measurements and observations have shown that wind erosion is a threat for numerous arable lands in the European Union (EU). Wind erosion affects both the semi‐arid areas of the Mediterranean region as well as the temperate climate areas of the northern European countries. Yet, there is still a lack of knowledge, which limits the understanding about where, when and how heavily wind erosion is affecting European arable lands. Currently, the challenge is to integrate the insights gained by recent pan‐European assessments, local measurements, observations and field‐scale model exercises into a new generation of regional‐scale wind erosion models. This is an important step to make the complex matter of wind erosion dynamics more tangible for decision‐makers and to support further research on a field‐scale level. A geographic information system version of the Revised Wind Erosion Equation was developed to (i) move a step forward into the large‐scale wind erosion modelling; (ii) evaluate the soil loss potential due to wind erosion in the arable land of the EU; and (iii) provide a tool useful to support field‐based observations of wind erosion. The model was designed to predict the daily soil loss potential at a ca. 1 km2 spatial resolution. The average annual soil loss predicted by geographic information system Revised Wind Erosion Equation in the EU arable land totalled 0·53 Mg ha−1 y−1, with the second quantile and the fourth quantile equal to 0·3 and 1·9 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively. The cross‐validation shows a high consistency with local measurements reported in literature. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time and Temperature Evolution of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Differently Constrained Amorphous Fractions in PLLA
Authors: Righetti Maria Cristina , Prevosto Daniele , Tombari Elpidio
Published: July 2016

In semi‐crystalline polymers, amorphous segments located in different regions and distance from the crystalline domains can exhibit different dynamics. In poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), the existence of (i) two distinct mobile amorphous fractions (a completely mobile amorphous fraction and a slightly constrained mobile amorphous fraction), which vitrify/devitrify in the Tg region, and (ii) a rigid amorphous fraction, which vitrifies/devitrifies at temperatures higher than Tg, has been reported in the literature. The percentage of the three different amorphous fractions, characterized by different segmental mobility, is generally calculated at Tg. In the present study, for the first time, the time and temperature evolution of all the amorphous fractions of PLLA are measured in parallel with the crystalline phase (i) during crystallization at two different temperatures, and (ii) upon the successive cooling step down to room temperature. The kinetics of vitrification/devitrification of the different amorphous fractions in diverse conditions of crystallization and solidification has been determined during the entire thermal history of the material. Rigid amorphous fraction is found to develop not only during crystallization but also upon cooling, after completion of crystallization.

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Reelin‐Dab1 signaling system in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Serrano‐Morales José Manuel , Vázquez‐Carretero María Dolores , Peral María José , Ilundáin Anunciacion Ana , García‐Miranda Pablo
Published: July 2016

Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a critical role in neuronal migration. Here we show that the mucosa of human colon expresses reelin, its receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR, and its effector protein Dab1. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that reelin expression is restricted to pericryptal myofibroblasts; Dab1 is detected at myofibroblasts, the apical domain of surface epithelial and crypt cells, and a strong linear staining is observed at the basement membrane; VLDLR and ApoER2 are in the cytoplasm of surface epithelium and myofibroblasts, and VLDLR is also detected in the cytoplasm of the crypt cells. Human colorectal cancer downregulates reelin without change in vimentin or N‐cadherin mRNA levels. Decreased Reelin mRNA expression is accompanied by decreased HIC1 mRNA levels, increased mRNA levels of ApoER2 and DNMT1, increased reelin hypermethylation and no change in either Cask or TGF‐β1 mRNAs, suggesting that reelin repression results from a DNMT1‐mediated hypermethylation of the reelin gene promoter. Decreased HIC1 expression may repress reelin transcription via increasing ApoER2 transcription. We conclude that the mucosa of human colon expresses the reelin‐Dab1 signaling system and that reelin is repressed in colorectal cancer before epithelial‐mesenchymal transition has occurred. The significant down‐regulation of reelin expression makes this gene a promising biomarker for colorectal cancers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential expression of LEF1/TCFs family members in colonic carcinogenesis
Authors: Han Wenxiao , He Longmei , Cao Bangrong , Zhao Xinhua , Zhang Kaitai , Li Yan , Beck Paul , Zhou Zhixiang , Tian Yantao , Cheng Shujun , Wang Hongying
Published: July 2016

Lef1/Tcfs family, which includes Lef1, Tcf1, Tcf3, and Tcf4, is required for the transcriptional activation induced by β‐catenin. However, whether all the members play the same role in colon carcinogenesis is not clear. We found that Lef1 and Tcf1, but not Tcf3 and Tcf4, were upregulated at both mRNA and protein level with the formation of colon tumor in AOM‐DSS mouse model. The same profiles were seen in human specimens with the evolvement from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, Lef1 and Tcf1 were correlated with a subgroup of Wnt target genes, including Lgr5, a key gene of intestinal stem cell. Further studies supported the role of Tcf1 on sphere formation and transcriptional regulation of Lgr5 in vitro. Interestingly, 3′ UTR of each Lef1/Tcfs member were targeted by diverse miRNAs, which were negatively correlated with respective member in human colon cancer specimens. Furthermore, these miRNAs were verified to repress Tcf1 and Lef1 in vitro. Taken together, Lef1 and Tcf1 showed oncogenic effect in colonic carcinogenesis. Cellular context of miRNAs might play important roles in carcinogenesis by altering the expression pattern of Lef/Tcfs members. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term effects of rasagiline and the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rascol Olivier , Hauser Robert A. , Stocchi Fabrizio , Fitzer‐Attas Cheryl J. , Sidi Yulia , Abler Victor , Olanow C. Warren ,   for the AFU Investigators
Published: July 2016

Background

The Attenuation of Disease progression with Azilect GIven Once‐daily (ADAGIO) delayed‐start study demonstrated a benefit of early‐start treatment with rasagiline 1 mg/day versus delayed‐start treatment in PD. This follow‐up study aimed to assess whether these benefits persist and the clinical progression rate during long‐term naturalistic treatment.

Methods

The ADAGIO Follow‐Up study was initiated approximately 26 months after completion of the ADAGIO study. Patients were followed for 3 years and were treated in an open‐label manner with rasagiline 1 mg/day and any other PD treatment that was deemed appropriate. Changes from follow‐up baseline to study end in UPDRS scores, and the emergence of clinical milestones (including unsteady gait and/or balance impairment, falls, freezing of gait, and cognitive decline) were assessed.

Results

The study enrolled 683 patients (58% of the full ADAGIO cohort and 72% of ADAGIO completers). At baseline, mean time from diagnosis was 46.9 months and UPDRS total score was 25.6 units. There were no significant differences in UPDRS total or subscale scores or time to any milestone between patients who were in the original ADAGIO early‐start group versus those in the delayed‐start group. At study end, patients (total cohort) had worsened by a mean ± standard deviation of 6.0 ± 11.6 UPDRS total units, 3.3 ± 8.6 UPDRS motor units and 2.0 ± 4.0 UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) units. Overall, 43.6% of patients had onset of unsteady gait/balance impairment, 35.7% had fallen, 26.2% had freezing of gait, and 33.1% had cognitive decline.

Conclusions

The ADAGIO Follow‐Up study failed to demonstrate long‐term benefits of early‐start rasagiline treatment in the prior ADAGIO study. Clinically important milestones occurred in a substantial proportion of patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multiple sign‐changing solutions for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations
Authors: He Xiumei , Wu Xian
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study the following quasilinear Schrödinger equations:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4066:mma4066-math-0001

where Ω is a bounded smooth domain of
,
. Under some suitable conditions, we prove that this equation has three solutions of mountain pass type: one positive, one negative, and sign‐changing. Furthermore, if g is odd with respect to its second variable, this problem has infinitely many sign‐changing solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping stem cells under control: New insights into the mechanisms that limit niche‐stem cell signaling within the reproductive system
Authors: Inaba Mayu , Yamashita Yukiko M. , Buszczak Michael
Published: July 2016

Adult stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments, called niches, that maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated and self‐renewing state. Defining and understanding the mechanisms that restrict niche signaling exclusively to stem cells is crucial to determine how stem cells undergo self‐renewal while their progeny, often located just one cell diameter away from the niche, differentiate. Despite extensive studies on the signaling pathways that operate within stem cells and their niches, how this segregation occurs remains elusive. Here we review recent progress on the characterization of niche‐stem cell interactions, with a focus on emerging mechanisms that spatially restrict niche signaling. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 675–683, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive Interviewing in Qualitative Research
Authors: Dempsey Laura , Dowling Maura , Larkin Philip , Murphy Kathy
Published: July 2016

In this paper we focus on important considerations when planning and conducting qualitative interviews on sensitive topics. Drawing on experiences of conducting interviews with dementia caregivers, a framework of essential elements in qualitative interviewing was developed to emphasize study participants’ needs while also providing guidance for researchers. Starting with a definition of sensitive research, the framework includes preparing for interviews, interacting with gatekeepers of vulnerable groups, planning for interview timing, and location, building relationships and conducting therapeutic interactions, protecting ethically vulnerable participants, and planning for disengagement. This framework has the potential to improve the effectiveness of sensitive interviewing with vulnerable groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dermatophagoides farinae allergen Der f 9: Cloning, expression, purification, characterization and IgE‐binding in children with atopic asthma
Authors: Cui Yubao , Teng Feixiang , Yu LiLi , Zhou Ying , Zhang Chengbo , Yang Li
Published: July 2016

Background: The house dust mite species Dermatophagoides farinae releases allergens that cause allergies and asthma worldwide. This study sought to clone and express the full‐length cDNA encoding the group 9 allergen of D. farinae (Der f 9). Methods: The published sequence of Der f 9 was used to design primers for RT‐PCR and RACE to obtain the full‐length cDNA encoding Der f 9. After removal of signal peptide sequence, Der f 9 was then sub‐cloned into plasmid pET‐28b (+), and the plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells for expression. The recombinant protein was purified by Nickel affinity chromatography, identified by SDS–PAGE, Western blotting, dot blotting, and MALDI‐TOF, and tested by ELISA for IgE reactivity with sera from children with asthma. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify features of Der f 9. Results: By RT‐PCR, 3′‐RACE, and 5′‐RACE, the full‐length sequence of Der f 9 was generated, which was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The mature Der f 9 was expressed successfully in E. coli, which was identified by SDS–PAGE. The recombinant allergen was purified by chromatography and confirmed by SDS–PAGE, Western blotting, dot blotting, and MALDI‐TOF. Sera from 56.7% (17/30) of mite‐allergic patients reacted with the purified recombinant Der f 9. Conclusions: The successful production of recombinant Der f 9 protein revealed the importance of Der f 9 in mite allergy, and provides a foundation for further study of this allergen in diagnosis and treatment of symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:282–292. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas phase electronic structure of the 3d metal monoacetylides (MCCH, M = Sc .. Zn)
Authors: Dickerson Shelby D. , DeYonker Nathan J.
Published: July 2016

The physical properties of gas phase metal monoacetylide (MCCH, where M = Sc–Zn) molecules have been evaluated with coupled cluster theory and multireference configuration interaction. Metal monoacetylides are isovalent to well‐studied metal monocyanides (MCN) and metal monoisocyanides (MNC), which suggests the MCCH series will have similar electronic structure. Some of the MCCH molecules, such as ScCCH, FeCCH, and CoCCH share a trait with their isoelectronic MCN/MNC counterparts: profound multireference character and low‐lying excited electronic states. Also like the MCN/MNC molecules, the MCCH species have rather large ligand dissociation energies. Due to the prevalence of CnH polyyne molecules discovered in the interstellar medium, members of the MCCH series likely exist as relevant astrochemicals and could be involved in prebiotic reactions.
Highly Functional TNTs with Superb Photocatalytic, Optical, and Electronic Performance Achieving Record PV Efficiency of 10.1% for 1D‐Based DSSCs
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Li Yuewen , Sahito Iftikhar Ali , Arbab Alvira Ayoub , Sun Kyung Chul , Mengal Naveed , Memon Anam Ali , Jeong Sung Hoon
Published: July 2016

Different nanostructures of TiO2 play an important role in the photocatalytic and photoelectronic applications. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) have received increasing attention for these applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. Focusing on highly functional TNTs (HF‐TNTs) for photocatalytic and photoelectronic applications, this study describes the facile hydrothermal synthesis of HF‐TNTs by using commercial and cheaper materials for cost‐effective manufacturing. To prove the functionality and applicability, these TNTs are used as scattering structure in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Photocatalytic, optical, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), electrochemical impedance spectrum, incident‐photon‐to‐current efficiency, and intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy/intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy characterizations are proving the functionality of HF‐TNTs for DSSCs. HF‐TNTs show 50% higher photocatalytic degradation rate and also 68% higher dye loading ability than conventional TNTs (C‐TNTs). The DSSCs having HF‐TNT and its composite‐based multifunctional overlayer show effective light absorption, outstanding light scattering, lower interfacial resistance, longer electron lifetime, rapid electron transfer, and improved diffusion length, and consequently, J
SC, quantum efficiency, and record photoconversion efficiency of 10.1% using commercial N‐719 dye is achieved, for 1D‐based DSSCs. These new and highly functional TNTs will be a concrete fundamental background toward the development of more functional applications in fuel cells, dye‐sensitized solar cells, Li‐ion batteries, photocatalysis process, ion‐exchange/adsorption process, and photoelectrochemical devices.
Context‐aware Android applications through transportation mode detection techniques
Authors: Bedogni Luca , Di Felice Marco , Bononi Luciano
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study the problem of how to detect the current transportation mode of the user from the smartphone sensors data, because this issue is considered crucial for the deployment of a multitude of mobility‐aware systems, ranging from trace collectors to health monitoring and urban sensing systems. Although some feasibility studies have been performed in the literature, most of the proposed systems rely on the utilization of the GPS and on computational expensive algorithms that do not take into account the limited resources of mobile phones. On the opposite, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of a feasible and efficient detection system that takes into account both the issues of accuracy of classification and of energy consumption. To this purpose, we propose the utilization of embedded sensor data (accelerometer/gyroscope) with a novel meta‐classifier based on a cascading technique, and we show that our combined approach can provide similar performance than a GPS‐based classifier, but introducing also the possibility to control the computational load based on requested confidence. We describe the implementation of the proposed system into an Android framework that can be leveraged by third‐part mobile applications to access context‐aware information in a transparent way. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Four Novel Coordination Compounds based on a Flexible Tetrakis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)methane Ligand
Authors: Ma Yu‐Lu , Wang Quan , Wang Yu‐Na , Wang Kai‐Min , Zhou Jie , Du Lin , Zhao Qi‐Hua
Published: July 2016

Four coordination polymers, namely, [Zn2(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)2]n·n(CH3OH)·3n(H2O) (1), [Cu(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)]n·3n(H2O) (2), [Co(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)]n·n(CH3OH)·3n(H2O) (3), and [Cd2(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)2(H2O)]n·n(H2O) (4) with the flexible N‐containing ligand [tetrakis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)methane (TIYM)] and the N‐containing dicarboxylic acid [2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6‐PYDC)] were prepared. Compounds 1–4 show various structures because of different N–Ccenter–N angles (θ) of TIYM ligands and changing coordination modes of 2,6‐PYDC. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 display a similar 1D ladder‐like chain, whereas 4 gives a 1D quad‐core lifting platform shaped belt. The structural diversities in 1–4 suggest that the multiple coordination modes or the different freely twist angles of ligands and the presence of different metal atoms play important roles in the resulting structures of the coordination polymers. Furthermore, the solid‐state luminescence properties of 1 and 4, and the magnetic properties of 3 were investigated.
Promotoren in regionalen Innovationssystemen – Drei Fallbeispiele aus Nordwestdeutschland
Authors: Klein Oliver , Gronemeyer Christine Marie , Maschinski Sascha , Born Karl Martin
Published: July 2016

The organization of regional innovation systems is mostly complex and results not only from specific conditions on-site, but also from networking activities of individual actors. In this respect, economic development agencies play a key role, particularly as their responsibilities normally include the initiation and support of innovation processes. In order to ensure this, economic development agencies in practice often enter into joint collaboration with special innovation consultants. These actors are strongly interlinked with potential innovation partners enabling them to support innovation processes, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises. Due to this network capability, economists have established the role model of the relationship promotor which is in the focus of this paper. Taking the example of three regions in Northwest Germany, we analyze the function of economic development agencies and innovation consultants as relationship promotors and their specific strategies affecting the configuration of different innovation systems. It will be shown that the three regions – district of Oldenburg, Oldenburger Münsterland, Elbe-Weser region – adopt different strategies varying in terms of territorial dimension, range of actors and degree of networking. Basically, the configuration of regional innovation systems to a large extent depends on various sources of power of the operating promotors. Apart from three typical sources of power which can be found in the literature – social competence, networking knowledge, relationship patterns – the empirical analysis also reveals the reputation of relationship promotors as additional factor of being able to exert influence.
Twelve-Month Efficacy and Safety of Low-Intensity Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction in Patients Who Do Not Respond to Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
Authors: Bechara Amado , Casabé Adolfo , De Bonis Walter , Ciciclia Pablo Gomez
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LISWT) has recently emerged as a promising method in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim

To assess the long-term results of the effectiveness and safety of LISWT in patients with ED who are non-responders to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment.

Methods

This open-label, longitudinal, and observational study investigated an uncontrolled population of 50 consecutive patients whose ED was unresponsive to PDE5i treatment. Patients were treated with a four-session LISWT protocol. During active treatment and follow-up, all patients remained on their regular high on-demand or once-daily PDE5i dosing schedules.

Main Outcome Measures

Effectiveness was assessed according to the International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain, questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile, Erection Hardness Scale, and Global Assessment Question scores at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. Patients were considered responders whenever they showed improvement in erection parameters in all four assessments and responded positively to the Global Assessment Question. Adverse events were recorded. Statistical variables were applied and findings were considered statistically significant at a P value less than < .05.

Results

Eighty percent (mean age = 64.8 years) completed the 12-month follow-up. Positive response rates were 60% of available subjects at the end of the study and 48% of the intent-to-treat population. After the 12-month follow-up, 91.7% of responders maintained their responses. No patient reported treatment-related adverse events.

Conclusion

LISWT in patients with ED unresponsive to PDE5i treatment was effective and safe in 60% of patients treated. The efficacy response was maintained for 12 months in most patients.