bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioestimulantes y solución Steiner en crecimiento y producción de Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Buelna-Tarín Salomón , Romero-Félix Celia Selene , Bojórquez-Ramos Cosme , Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio , Sánchez-Soto Bardo Heleodoro
Published: August 2024

El uso de bioestimulantes es una alternativa para mejorar la asimilación de nutrientes por parte de la planta, ya sea aplicados en el agua de riego o vía foliar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la solución nutritiva Steiner y la aplicación foliar de tres bioestimulantes, sobre parámetros del crecimiento y del rendimiento de dos cultivares de chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum L.) en condiciones de invernadero. Se establecieron cuatro tratamientos bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en Juan José Ríos, Ahome, Sinaloa en octubre de 2018. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de la planta, diámetro de tallo, peso seco de hoja, peso seco de tallo, longitud de fruto, número de frutos por planta, peso total de fruto, peso de fruto por planta y número de flores. El bioestimulante Giberelin 10 tuvo efecto significativo sobre la altura de la planta. El cultivar Bronco, en promedio de tratamientos, fue sobresaliente por presentar altos valores en los parámetros del crecimiento y del rendimiento evaluados, excepto, en el diámetro de tallo y longitud de fruto, los cuales fueron mayores en el cultivar Forajido. El cultivar Forajido presentó mayor altura de la planta por efecto del tratamiento Giberelin 10, mientras que Bronco exhibió mayor número de frutos por planta con el tratamiento Fiamin-fol y mayor peso de fruto por planta con los tratamientos Maxi-Grow Excel y la solución nutritiva Steiner (testigo).
Literatur Review: Analisis Proses Isolasi Limonen dari Minyak Atsiri Menggunakan Berbagai Teknik Distilasi
Authors: Alfiyah Mutiara , Rahman Imam Fathur
Published: August 2024

AbstrakMinyak atsiri merupakan minyak yang mudah menguap yang dapat ditemukan di berbagai tanaman. Dalam literatur review ini, kami mengeksplorasi efisiensi isolasi minyak atsiri dari berbagai tanaman dengan menggunakan berbagai metode. Pada literatur review ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan kualitas beberapa metode yang digunakan pada sampel dalam proses isolasi senyawa limonen. Artikel ini juga berfungsi sebagai referensi bagi pembaca dan peneliti selanjutnya. Selain itu, artikel ini dapat membantu memudahkan pengembangan isolasi senyawa limonen sebab sumber dan referensi mengenai senyawa ini masih terbatas. Metodologi artikel tinjauan melibatkan pencarian di Google Scholar dan pubmed untuk artikel yang relevan, meninjau 20 makalah terkait, dan memilih lima yang paling sesuai dengan topik yang dibahas. Hasil literatur review ini, yaitu metode yang sering digunakan untuk mengisolasi senyawa minyak atsiri adalah metode distilasi uap-air. Literature Review: Analysis of Limonene Isolation Process from Essential Oils Using Various Distillation TechniquesAbstractEssential oils are volatile oils that can be found in various plants. This literature review uses multiple methods to explore the efficiency of critical oil isolation from different plants. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics and quality of several techniques used in the isolation process of the compound limonene. The article also serves as a reference for readers and future researchers. Additionally, this article can help facilitate the development of limonene isolation since sources and references about this compound still need to be improved. The review methodology involves searching Google Scholar and PubMed for relevant articles, reviewing 20 related papers, and selecting the five most appropriate to the discussed topic. The results of this literature review indicate that the steam-water distillation method is frequently used to isolate essential oil compounds.
Artrite séptica em paciente pediátrico evoluindo com tromboembolismo pulmonar após abordagem cirúrgica
Authors: Costa Ana Carolina da Silva Sousa , Martins Fulvia Mello Dias , Nogueira Marcelo Augusto Santos , Leite Tharick Antônio Xavier de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Introdução: As infecções articulares tem diversas etiologias como: bactérias, fungos, micobactérias e vírus. A artrite séptica pode ser classificada como artrite fúngica ou artrite bacteriana. O quadro clínico da artrite bacteriana é de início agudo, envolvendo febre, dor nas articulações, edema e limitação da amplitude de movimento. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o caso clínico de um paciente pediátrico com artrite séptica que evolui com uma complicação de tromboembolismo pulmonar após abordagem cirúrgica. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um relato de caso com revisão da literatura, a partir da análise de prontuário e aprovado pelo do comitê de ética em junho de 2023. Descrição do caso: Paciente masculino, 10 anos, comparece a UPA, com relato trauma no joelho direito há seis dias associado a um quadro febril. Foi solicitado exames laboratoriais que evidenciaram global de leucócitos: 23530mm3 e PCR: 152,2mg/l. Ao ser avaliado pela ortopedia foi realizada artrocentese do joelho direito, que evidenciou liquido articular de aspecto habitual, enviado para análise. Após 24 horas o paciente evoluiu com limitação e movimentos, dor intensa a mobilização passiva e ativa em articulação coxofemoral direita e discreto derrame articular em joelho direito. Tendo como principal hipótese diagnóstica a artrite séptica em quadril direito, o paciente foi submetido a artrotomia de quadril direito na qual foi notada secreção sero-hemática levemente amarelada. Durante a internação, 48 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente apresentou um quadro de taquipneia, FR: 34 irpm, taquicardia, FC: 126 bpm, PA: 86x50 mmHg e saturação limítrofe em ar ambiente. Foi solicitada à avaliação da cirurgia vascular que por meio do exame Duplex scan venoso do membro inferior direito confirmou a hipótese de trombose venosa profunda de aspecto recente e oclusivo em segmento fêmoro-poplíteo, associada a tromboembolismo pulmonar. Diante o quadro de complicação foi discutido com a hematologia a anticoagulação plena com enoxaparina. Ao final do tratamento paciente obteve melhora nos exames de PCR:67,4 mg/l, se apresentava com ótima evolução global. Conclusão: O tratamento realizado de maneira adequada permite que o paciente tenha uma melhor evolução e com menos possibilidade de futuras intercorrências.
AS MEMÓRIAS DO CONGADO DE NOSSA SENHORA DO ROSÁRIO E DE SANTA EFIGÊNIA DO ALTO DA CRUZ DO MUNICÍPIO DE OURO PRETO/MINAS GERAIS
Authors:   , Bispo Pâmela Cristina Alves Silva
Published: August 2024

O grupo de Congado de Nossa do Rosário e Santa Efigênia está localizado no bairro Alto da Cruz, no município de Ouro Preto/Minas Gerais. A presente pesquisa investiga a memória cultural do grupo de Congado de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e Santa Efigênia do Alto da Cruz, reconhecendo em suas manifestações o seu valor imaterial e simbólico para os integrantes do grupo. O motivo da escolha deste tema de pesquisa encontra-se nas raízes familiares e na necessidade de ressaltar a importância da valorização de uma manifestação que envolve a cultura africana e a brasileira, ressaltando que o Congado é uma manifestação de cunho religioso que se difundiu entre o sistema religioso cristão e africano, pois, há a devoção de santos do catolicismo e representada através de rituais africanos, diante disso, esta pesquisa tem o intuito de relatar as memórias contidas no grupo de Congado de Rosário e Santa Efigênia do Alto da Cruz. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram utilizadas consultas bibliográficas inerentes ao tema em questão, histórias orais, observação das apresentações do grupo, de forma que contribuísse para a realização desta pesquisa. Através dessa pesquisa foi possível compreender o espaço vivido e simbólico para os integrantes do grupo e todos os seus envolvidos e também reconhecer sua identidade oriunda das heranças e/ou as experiências vivenciadas por eles.
Segundas Chances
Authors: Ayub Vanessa Camargo da Costa
Published: August 2024

Juliana está naquela fase da vida que tanto faz define, ela não é feliz no amor e nem em sua carreira, seu relacionament tóxico e o sexo entre eles se tornou um peso.
Porém ela continua empurrando com barriga, até que após mais uma briga decide virar o jogo e recomeçar sua
E mesmo estando fechada para o amor pode surgir na forma mais sútil e de vida dela pode se transformar.
Ketidakefektifan Kalimat dalam Karangan Liburan Siswa Kelas X SMK IPTEK Weru
Authors: Rosita Farida Yufarlina , Achsani Ferdian
Published: August 2024

Pengunaan kalimat efektif dalam berkomunikasi menjadi salah satu syarat agar proses komunikasi dapat terjalin dengan lancar, sehingga baik penutur maupun lawan tutur dapat memahami makna ujaran. Namun tidak semua orang mampu menyusun kalimat secara efektif. Kalimat ragam tulis menjadi salah satu contoh bahwa pengunaan bahasa masyarakat masih belum sesuai dengan kaidah kebahasaan yang baik dan benar. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana bentuk ketidakefektifan kalimat dalam karangan liburan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa siswa kelas X SMK IPTEK Weru masih jauh dari sempurna. Berbagai ragam kesalahan masih banyak ditemukan, seperti kalimat bertele-tele, pengaruh bahasa asing, pemilihan diksi dan tanda baca yang tidak tepat.
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with bilateral pleural effusion in a 12-year-old child in rural area: A case report
Authors: Ana Silvi Ni’ma  , Mochamad Chabibi
Published: August 2024

Background: Nephritic syndrome is a group of symptoms such as hematuria, hypertension, oliguria and edema. The most common cause of acute nephritic syndrome in children is acute glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old child came to the ER with shortness of breath for 3 days and swelling of the face. There was no history of fever or diarrhea. The patient had a history of itching of the feet 2 weeks earlier. Vital signs found blood pressure of 160/120 mmHg and edema was found on the face especially in the eyelids. Urine examination found a high number of leukocytes and erythrocytes and there was albumin +2 in the urine. Examination of kidney function showed an increase in urea and creatinine. Chest X-ray examination showed pulmonary edema and bilateral effusion. ASTO titer examination obtained a level of 200 IU/ml. The patient was given therapy in the form of antihypertensives, antibiotics and corticosteroids. After 1 week of hospitalization, the blood pressure target and clinical improved, the patient was able to leave the hospital, checked into the polyclinic to continue treatment and evaluated urine examination of kidney function every 2 weeks. Summary: Acute nephritic syndrome is a disease that is rarely found in pediatric patients, most of the causes are acute glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection with clinical manifestations in the form of throat infection or skin infection in the form of impetigo. With proper diagnosis and management, this disease can be cured with perfect healing, but some cases can occur acute kidney failure so that monitoring is needed.
HIV-1 and IgA Antibodies: Interactions and implications
Authors: Bennani Kenza  , Mahmoud Mustapha  , Yahyaoui Ghita  , Kouara Sara
Published: August 2024

Antibodies, particularly Immunoglobulin A (IgA), play a crucial role in mucosal tissues as immune effectors against pathogens and as immunomodulators of the microbiota. During infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a systemic and mucosal IgA antibody response is triggered. Although naturally produced serum IgA specific to HIV-1 envelope protein are quantitatively and qualitatively lower than their IgG counterparts, they also possess antiviral properties such as neutralization and Fc-dependent effector functions. Neutralizing IgA antibodies can block mucosal transmission of HIV-1 in animal models, suggesting that their induction through vaccination could be pivotal for infection prevention. Recently, broadly neutralizing IgA antibodies have been identified in some individuals living with HIV-1. Given the potential for vaccination to induce these mucosally protective antibodies, research efforts are needed to better understand their development and functions. This review discusses the general roles of IgA antibodies in homeostasis and antimicrobial immunity, and explores their implications in antibody responses during HIV-1 infection.
Analisis Potensi Wilayah Sektor Pertanian Di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Dahoklory Andy S. K.
Published: August 2024

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah kategori pertanian serta komoditi-komoditi yang tergolong dalam kategori pertanian merupakan kategori dan komoditi basis/potensial di kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kontribusi, analisis laju pertumbuhan dan analisis LQ (location Quotient). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori pertanian  merupakan kategori basis dan beberapa komoditinya juga merupakan komuditi basis/potensial di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya periode tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2015. Sektor/kategori lapangan usaha yang tergolong dalam sektor primer yaitu sektor pertanian dan pertambangan merupakan sektor basis di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Kemudian  yang merupakan komoditi basis/unggulan pada subkategori tanaman pangan adalah komoditi Jagung, Kacang Hijau. Untuk subkategori Tanaman Hortikultura buah-buahan yang merupakan komoditi unggulan yaitu komoditi Jeruk, komoditi Mangga, komoditi Pisang dan juga komoditi Nanas. Untuk subkategori Tanaman Hortikultura Sayuran, yang merupakan komoditiunggulan adalah komoditi Bawang Merah dan Kacang Panjang. Kemudian yang merupakan komoditi unggulan pada subsektor/subkategori Tanaman Perkebunan adalah komoditi Jambu Mete dan komoditi Kelapa. Selanjutnya untuk subkategori  Peternakan yang merupakan komoditi basis/unggulan adalah komoditi sapi, komoditi Kerbau, komoditi Babi dan komoditi Domba. Pada subkategori  Perikanan, komoditi ikan pelagis besar, pelagis kecil dan juga komoditi ikan demersal megalami peningkatan produksi setiap tahunnya namun untuk komoditi rumput laut mengalami penurunan produksi pada tahun 2015 dimana pada tahun 2014 nilai produksi rumput laut sebesar 3.602,98 ton dan pada tahun 2015 menurun menjadi 119,28 ton.
Kondisi Ekologis Riparian Dan Sungai Lowatag Bagian Hulu, Minahasa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Siahaan Ratna , Ai Nio Song , Rampe Henny L. , Mokoginta Meigita
Published: August 2024

Riparian merupakan ekoton yang terletak ekosisem akuatik sungaidan ekosistem teresterial. Riparian memiliki berbagai fungsi ekologis. Vegetasi riparian berperan penting dalam menjalankan fungsi ekologis riparian tersebut. Kondisi ekologis riparian Sungai Lowatag perlu dipertahankan agar fungsi dan manfaat Sungai Lowatag dapat berkelanjutan. Penelitian berujuan untuk mengamati kondisi ekologis riparian dan Sungai Lowatag di bagian hulu. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim kemarau Agusus-September 2020.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi ekologis riparian dan Sungai Lowatag masih tergolong baik meskipun mengalami tekanan akibat pola perubahan tata guna lahan.
Manfaat Asupan Gizi Ikan Laut Untuk Mencegah Penyakit dan Menjaga Kesehatan Tubuh Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir
Authors: Inara Cerria
Published: August 2024

Ikan laut merupakan bahan pangan yang diperoleh dari laut.Indonesia merupakan Negara kepulauan yang sebagian besar penduduknya berdiam di pesisir laut dan mengkonsumsi sebagian besar pangan yang berasal dari laut termasuk ikan.Ikan merupakan produk laut yang mengandung asam lemak rantai panjang : omegaâ€3 (DHA) yang kurang dimiliki bahkan tidak dimiliki produk daratan (hewani dan nabati) dan omegaâ€6, yang berperan amat bermakna dalam pertumbuhan dan kesehatan (Wahyuni,  2001 dalam Dewi et al., 2018).Ikan laut memiliki kandungan gizi yang mampu mencegah dan menjaga kesehatan tubuh seperti mencegah penyakit jantung, menjaga fungsi dan kesehatan otak, mendukung kesehatan jantung, Mencegah kerusakan tiroid dan menjaga kesehatan mata.
Analysis Of Mineral Types And Contents Of Copper (Cu) And Lead (Pb) In Copper Mining Area In Wetar Island
Authors: Male Yusthinus T. , Bijang Catherina M. , Naharuik Sintia
Published: August 2024

The research to determine content of metal Cu and Pb in six samples (three ore rocks and three waste rocks) in the copper mining area on Wetar Island. The results showed that the highest concentration of Cu metal for ore rocks was in the first sample (MS KK) of 106,800 ppm and the smallest Cu concentration was in the third sample (PBx 1 KK) of 411 ppm. While the largest concentration of Cu metal waste rock is the first sample (Vol 1 KK) is 1.894 ppm and the smallest Cu metal concentration is in the second sample (BA 1 KK) is 310 ppm. As for the concentration of metal Pb in the largest ore rocks is in the first sample (MS KK) of 9,890 ppm, the small metal concentration of Pb is in the third sample (PBx 1 KK) is 660 ppm and the concentration of metal Pb for waste rock is found only in the first sample (Vol 1 KK) with a concentration of 1,631 ppm. This study shows that Wetar Island contains high copper and lead deposits.
Efek Antihiperkolesterolemia Seduhan Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Terhadap Kolesterol Darah Tikus Model
Authors: Siauta Doviana , Pentury Kresyan
Published: August 2024

Kadar kolestrol yang tinggi dalam darah dapat memicu munculnya berbagai penyakit sehingga perlu dilakukan treatmen penurunan kolesterol darah dengan menggunakan obat-obatan medis maupun herbal tubuhnya. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang diduga mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah adalah tanaman cengkeh karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti minyak atsiri, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, eugenol, polifenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek seduhan daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.). terhadap penurunan kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Tikus Rattus norvegicus sebanyak 12 ekor yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif yaitu kelompok diberi lemak 2g/ekor/hari selama 7 hari, kelompok 0.09 yaitu kelompok yang diberi lemak 2g/ekor/hari selama 7 hari kemudian diberi seduhan daun cengkeh 0.09g/ekor/hari selama 14 hari dan kelompok 0.18 yaitu kelompok yang diberi lemak 2g/ekor/hari selama 7 hari kemudian diberi seduhan daun cengkeh 0.09g/ekor/hari selama 14 hari. Tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah kadar kolesterol darah. Data yang didapat, dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian seduhan daun cengkeh 0.09g/ekor/hari belum mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol sedangkan 0.18g/ekor/hari selama 14 hari mampu menurunkan kolesterol darah tikus.
Kejadian Penyakit Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) Di Pulau Lakor Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Kaary Karel , Rumahlewang Wilhelmina , Tuhumury Gratiana N. C.
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data jenis penyakit yang menyerang tanaman bawang merah dan intensitas serangan penyakit tersebut di Pulau Lakor Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei langsung pada areal pertanaman, metode ini dilakuan untuk mempeoleh data intensitas kerusakan tanaman bawang merah akibat serangan patogen penyebab penyakit dengan desa Werwawan, Lolotuara, Letoda dan Werwaru sebagai sampel. Penyakit-penyakit utama yang ditemukan pada desa sampel (Werwawan, Lolotuara, Letoda dan Werwaru) adalah penyakit bercak daun Alternaria atau penyakit Trotol (mati pucuk) yang disebabkan jamur Alternaria porri, penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan jamur Fusarium oxysporium dan embun bulu yang sebabkan Peronospora destructor. Jenis penyakit yang ditemukan pada keempat desa adalah penyakit Trotol dengan intensitas kerusakan (IK) sebesar 1,54% dan penyakit layu Fusarium dengan IK sebesar 1,14%. Sedangkan penyakit Embu Bulu disebabkan jamur Peronospora destructor dengan IK sebesar 100% dan hanya ditemukan pada anak desa Werwaru.
Analysis Of Physical Quality And Chemical Content Of Corn Crop Silage With The Addition Of Sago And Tapioca Flour Additives As Ruminant Animal Feed
Authors: Sairudy Albertus , Astuty Andriyani , Utomo Ristianto
Published: August 2024

This study aims to find out the fission quality and chemical composition of corn crop silage with the addition of sago flour and tapioca as additives. This study includes three treatments, namely: (P0) corn crops 800 g without additives added, (P1) corn crops 800 g with the addition of 10% sago flour additives, and (P2) corn crops 800 g with the addition of 10% tapioca additives. Incubation time starts on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The incubation time silage of days 7, 14, 21, and 28 was assessed for physical quality including color, smell, texture, and the presence of fungi using questionnaires filled out by five students as panelists. Silage incubation results of the 21st and 28 th days, in addition to being assessed for physical quality, also analyzed chemical composition including dry matter content (BK), organic matter (BO), coarse protein (PK), gauze fiber (SK), and NH3. Physical quality assessment data is analyzed descriptively while chemical composition data is analyzed statistically using randomized completely block desing (RCBD). If there is a difference in treatment, followed by Duncan's new multiple range test (DMRT). The results of the analysis of the physical quality of the silage of the corn plant as a whole are of good quality (yellowish-green color, sour smell, the tesctur is not mushy and still clearly visible, and there is no fungus). The results of a statistical analysis of the chemical composition of corn crop silage with the addition of 10% sago flour and tapioca showed a noticeable difference (P<0.05) to nh3 concentrations, organic matter content (BO), and coarse fiber (SK).
Analisis Potensi Senyawa Bioaktif Minyak Esensial Akar dan Biji Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) sebagai Antivirus SARS-CoV-2 Secara In Silico
Authors: Sinaga Acong Jaya , Diningrat Diky Setya , Sari Ayu Nirmala , Harahap Novita Sari , Kusdianti Kusdianti
Published: August 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 masih menjadi masalah yang serius, penyebaran virus dan mutasi virus yang sangat cepat menyebabkan penemuan obat yang spesifik masih kurang efektif.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam minyak esensial akar dan biji hanjeli, khususnya senyawa yang bermanfaat sebagai antivirus. Jenis dari penelitian ini adalah penelitan deskriptif dengan metode In silico. Akar dan biji hanjeli diolah dengan cara destilasi uap air. Setelah itu identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan menggunakan teknik GC-MS, untuk mengetahui senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung pada ekstrak minyak esensial akar dan biji Hanjeli. Selanjutnya hasil senyawa bioaktif yang telah didapat kemudian diidentifikasi bioaktivitasnya dengan menggunakan software Pubchem, untuk melihat bioaktivitas dan canonical SMILES dari senyawa tersebut dan terakhir dilakukan analisis dengan PASS online untuk melihat potensi dan mekanismenya sebagai antivirus SARS-CoV-2.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif minyak esensial akar dan biji hanjeli terdiri dari 40 senyawa yang terdapat pada minyak esensial akar Hanjeli dan 41 senyawa  lagi berada di minyak esensial biji Hanjeli. Total keseluruhan senyawa sebanyak 81 dengan 19 senyawa  merupakan senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat pada keduanya, sehingga didapati total sebesar 62 senyawa fitokimia yang berbeda-beda.Senyawa bioaktif minyak esensial akar hanjeli yang berguna sebagai antivirus ada sebanyak 9 senyawa. Pada minyak esensial biji ditemukan 11 senyawa yang memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antivirus. Mekanisme kerja senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antivirus umumnya sama, dimana setelah diidentifikasi pada software PASS online terdapat 2 mekanisme yakni sebagai RdRp Inhibitor dan sebagai 3Clpro inhibitor.
Effective Levels of Chicken Feather Flour as a Supplementary Feed for Increase Broiler Chicken (Gallus domesticus L) Body Weight
Authors: - Asiah , - Khairil , Rizki M. Aziz , - Abdullah , - Iswadi
Published: August 2024

Broiler chickens have been widely eaten and bred because they are cheap in the form of meat. But the case in broiler farming is the high price of commercial feed. In view of this reality, it is necessary to find an alternative to the use of feed ingredients that do not compete with humans and their availability is quite abundant at an affordable price, namely the use of chicken feather waste as animal feed. This research aims to determine the content of chicken feather flour which is efficiently used as additional feed for broiler chickens. The research procedure used was an Experiment with 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely P0 = control (100% bran feed), P1 = 95% bran feed + 5% chicken feather meal, P2 = 90% bran feed + 10% chicken feather meal, P3 = 85% bran feed + 15% chicken feather flour. Information was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the research prove that giving chicken feather flour as additional feed for weight gain of broiler chickens has a significant effect on weight gain of broiler chickens. The conclusion of the research is: The content of chicken feather flour which is efficiently used as additional feed for broiler chickens is 10%
Analisis Kualitas Air Minum dalam Kemasan (AMDK) di Desa Gunung Sejuk Kecamatan Sampolawa Buton
Authors: Salmawati Mimi , R Irwan , Sri Dewi , Aeni Nur
Published: August 2024

Konsumsi Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) di Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan, sehingga peredaran AMDK di masyarakat sangat banyak dan sulit dilacak oleh Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang diproduksi di Desa Gunung Sejuk, Kecamatan Sampolawa, Buton. Kualitas AMDK diuji berdasarkan parameter wajib dalam persyaratan kualitas air minum yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Mentri Kesehatan nomor 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010, yaitu parameter mikrobiologi, fisika dan kimiawi. Pengujian sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Uji dan Kalibrasi BBIHP Makassar. Berdasarkan hasil uji semua parameter yang telah dilakukan, AMDK yang di produksi di Desa Gunung Sejuk telah memenuhi syarat dan layak dikonsumsi sesuai dengan syarat mutu AMDK/Air Mineral SNI 01-3553-2006.
Rethinking “On Just Terms”: Commonwealth v Yunupingu
Authors: Weis Lael , Dixon Rosalind
Published: August 2024

Commonwealth v Yunupingu raises a number of constitutionally significant issues concerning the scope of the Commonwealth Parliament’s power under s 51(xxxi) of the Australian Constitution and its relationship to the territories power in s 122. One issue that is not directly raised by the questions before the High Court of Australia, but that will nevertheless inform the Court’s answers, concerns the meaning of ‘on just terms’. Is ‘on just terms’ a narrow and inflexible requirement to provide full market-based compensation? Or does it permit a broader and more flexible approach to determining the obligations of the Commonwealth and territory governments, which would allow for structural reparations and non-pecuniary remedies? We suggest that a broader and more flexible approach is generally to be preferred as a matter of both principle and prudence and that such an approach is especially relevant for the Court as it considers the consequences of its answers to the questions before it.
Desain Baru Dalam Menangkal Radikalisme Agama Melalui Pembelajaran Fiqh Multi Madhab di Mahad Aly Situbondo
Authors: Muqit Abd. , Nawafil Moh. , Djuwairiyah Djuwairiyah
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan radikalisme agama yang masuk pada sektor pendidikan melalui berbagai macam strategi dakwahnya, tentu menjadi perhatian serius bagi para pemangku kebijakan disetiap jenjang pendidikan. Tidak terkecuali pendidikan tinggi berbasis pesantren salaf. Penelitian ini membahas tentang desain pembelajaran fiqh multi madhab, kandungan nilai-nilai moderasi dalam pembelajaran tersebut, dan ragam penerapan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menekankan pada metode deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang desain pembelajaran fiqh di Mahad Aly Situbondo dalam menangkal radikalisme agama. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsep pembelajaran fiqh progresif digunakan untuk mencegah pemahaman radikal santri terhadap hukum Islam. Konsep pembelajaran ini diantaranya menyajikan kajian fiqh multi madhab, interkoneksi antar disiplin ilmu, dan menjadikan fiqh tekstualis menjadi kontekstual. Nilai-nilai moderasi yang ditanamkan dalam konsep pembelajaran fiqh progresif ini diantaranya adalah pandangan washatiyah, sikap nasionalisme, dan nilai keadilan. Sedangkan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah ekspositori, diskusi mandiri dan bahtsul masail.
İletişim Bilimleri Alanındaki Sürdürülebilirlik Konulu Akademik Çalışmalara Yönelik Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: Dondurucu Zeynep Benan , Çetinkaya Aysel
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışma, çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarıyla sürdürülebilirlik kalkınma hedeflerini merkeze alan çalışmaların iletişim alanında hangi kapsamda ve yöntemle ele alındığını inceleme amacı taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, Web of Science veri tabanında iletişim alanındaki Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri ile bağlantılı çalışmalarda ön plana çıkan tema ve metotları keşfetmek, bu çalışmaların uygulama alanında mevcut ve muhtemel gelişmelerle bağlantı düzeyini saptamak ve gelecek dönem yapılacak araştırmalara bir kaynak oluşturabilmek amacıyla 2021-2022 yılları arasındaki bağlantılı çalışmalar; yazar sayısı, kapsam/yöntem, araştırma alanı, sonuç, anahtar kelimeler ve atıf sayısı değişkenleri bağlamında bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. İlgili çalışmaların ağırlıklı olarak sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel boyutlarına odaklandığı, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik ile bağlantılı olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların disiplinler arası bir nitelik taşıdığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca analiz sonucunda, ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik merkezli çalışmalara göre kısıtlı olduğu ve çalışmaların genelinin BM sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinin sınırlı boyutlarına odaklandığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada saptanan diğer önemli bulgular ise, ilgili çalışmaların sektörel trendlerle uyumunun sınırlılığı ve bilgisayar destekknojli yeni araştırma yöntemlerinin kısıtlı düzeyde kullanımıdır. Bu nedenle, sürdürülebilirlikle bağlantılı kalkınma hedeflerinin iletişim disiplini içerisinde, sektörel ve akademik düzeyde yeni eğilimler göz önünde bulundurularak, mevcut ve potansiyel araştırmacılara yönelik öneriler getirilmiştir.
Uncertainty in Household Behavior Drives Large Variation in the Size of the Levee Effect
Authors: Bhaduri Parin , Pollack Adam , Yoon Jim , Chowdhury Pranab K. Roy , Wan Heng , Judi David , Daniel Brent , Srikrishnan Vivek
Published: August 2024

Coastal cities face increasing flood hazards due to climate change. Physical infrastructure, such as levees, are commonly used to reduce flood hazards. To effectively manage flood risks, it is important to understand the degree to which physical infrastructure changes both hazard and exposure. For example, many studies suggest that levee construction causes an overall increase in risk because levees promote exposure growth to a greater degree than they reduce flood hazards. Although this so-called “levee effect” is widely studied, there are knowledge gaps surrounding how uncertainties related to levee construction and flood risk translate into the occurrence and strength of the levee effect in coastal communities. Here, we use agent-based modeling to simulate the dynamics surrounding the levee effect, first under idealized conditions and finally within a real-world coastal environment. We find that the size of the levee effect is highly sensitive to household behavior (e.g., risk aversion), economic factors (e.g., population growth), and engineering (e.g., levee failure). We also observe circumstances where the levee effect does not occur at all under certain model parameterizations. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of providing reliable flood risk information to promote sustainable development in coastal communities.
Assessing the Ineffectiveness of Synthetic Reinforcement Learning Feedback in Fine-Tuning Large Language Models
Authors: Whitmore Sojidi , Harrington Clive , Pritchard Elsie
Published: August 2024

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has brought significant advancements in various applications, yet fine-tuning models to align outputs with user needs and ethical standards remains a challenging endeavor. Introducing synthetic reinforcement learning feedback provides a novel and scalable approach to this challenge, bypassing the logistical and financial burdens of human evaluators. Through comprehensive experimentation with the open-source Llama model, significant improvements were observed in performance metrics such as coherence, relevance, informativeness, and factual accuracy, demonstrating the efficacy of synthetic feedback mechanisms. The study's methodology involved leveraging automated reward metrics, iterative parameter updates, and sophisticated optimization techniques, culminating in a robust framework for model fine-tuning. Statistical validation demonstrated the reliability of the observed improvements, while detailed analysis highlighted both the potential and limitations of synthetic feedback systems. The findings offer substantial contributions to the field, providing a replicable blueprint for future research and practical insights into scalable model optimization. The implications for large-scale deployments of AI systems are profound, suggesting that automated feedback mechanisms can significantly enhance the performance and adaptability of language models in various applications.
Modular polymerase synthesis and internal protein domain swapping via dual opposed frameshifts in the Ebola virus L gene
Authors: Stubbs David B , Ruzicka Jan A. , Taylor Ethan Will
Published: August 2024

Sequence analysis of the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) polymerase (L gene) mRNA, using online tools, identified a highly ranked -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (FS) signal including an ideal slippery sequence heptamer (UUUAAAA), with an overlapping coding region featuring two tandem UGA codons, immediately followed by an RNA region that is the inverse complement (antisense) to a region of the mRNA of the selenoprotein iodothyronine deiodinase II (DIO2). This antisense interaction was confirmed in vitro via electrophoretic gel shift assay, using cDNAs to the EBOV and DIO2 segments. The formation of a duplex between the two mRNAs could trigger the ribosomal frameshift, by mimicking the enhancing role of a pseudoknot structure, while providing access to the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element contained in the DIO2 mRNA. This would allow the -1 frame UGA codons to be recoded as selenocysteine, forming part of a C-terminal module in a low abundance truncated isoform of the viral polymerase, potentially functioning in a redox role. Remarkably, 90 bases downstream of the -1 FS site, an active +1 FS site can be demonstrated, which, via a return to the zero frame, would enable the attachment of the entire C terminal of the polymerase protein. Using a construct with upstream and downstream reporter genes, spanning a wildtype or mutated viral insert, we show significant +1 ribosomal frameshifting at this site. Acting singly or together, frameshifting at these sites (both of which are highly conserved in EBOV strains) could enable the expression of several modified isoforms of the polymerase. 3D modeling of the predicted EBOV polymerase FS variants using the AI tool AlphaFold reveals a peroxiredoxin-like active site with arginine and threonine residues adjacent to a putative UGA-encoded selenocysteine, located on the back of the polymerase “hand”. This module could serve to protect the viral RNA from peroxidative damage.
People can infer the magnitude of other people's knowledge, even when they cannot infer its contents
Authors: Aboody Rosie , Davis Isaac , Dunham Yarrow , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: August 2024

Inferences about other people's knowledge and beliefs are central to social interaction. However, it is often not possible to tell what exactly other people know, because their behavior is consistent with a range of potential epistemic states. Nonetheless, in many of these situations we often have coarse intuitions about how much someone knows, despite being unable to pinpoint the exact content of their knowledge. Here we sought to explore this capacity in humans, by comparing their performance to a normative model capturing this kind of broad epistemic-state inference, centered on the expectation that agents maximize epistemic utilities. We evaluate our model in a graded inference task where people had to infer how much an agent knew based on the actions they chose (Experiment 1), and joint inferences about how much someone knew and how much they believed they could learn (Experiment 2). Critically, the agent's knowledge was always under-determined by their behavior, but the behavior nonetheless contained information about how much knowledge they possessed or believed they could gain. Our model captures nuanced patterns in participant judgments, revealing that people have a quantitative capacity to infer amorphous knowledge from minimal behavioral evidence.
Examining pathways between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and adolescent executive functions: insights from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: de Souza Rodrigues Júlia
Published: August 2024

Background: Continuous exposure to maternal depressive symptoms during childhood has been consistently associated with lower executive functions in offspring. However, the pathways linking this association remain poorly examined, with limited research on long-term effects in adolescence and scarce evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Objective: This study aim to investigate the effects of maternal depressive symptom trajectories on adolescents' executive functions, exploring the potential mediating role of harsh parenting. Methods: We utilized data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, including 1,949 adolescents followed from birth to 15 years of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale from 3 months to 11 years. Harsh parenting was measured using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale at 11 years. Executive functions (sustained attention, working and episodic memory) were evaluated at 15 years using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery. Path analyses were conducted in MPlus software using structural equation modeling. Results: Of the mothers assessed, 75% belonged to the "moderate-low" or "low" depressive symptom trajectories, while 10.8% were in the "decreasing" trajectory, 9.0% in the "increasing" trajectory, and 5.2% in the "chronic-high" trajectory. Mothers with severe and persistent depressive symptoms during their child's childhood displayed more harsh parenting behaviors (B(SE)=2.428(0.323), 95% CI [1.881, 2.952]), which, in turn, were linked to poorer adolescents’ sustained attention (B(SE)=-0.003(0.001), 95% CI [-0.004, -0.002]) and episodic memory (B(SE) = 0.241(0.107), 95% CI [0.030, 0.452]). No direct association was found between maternal depressive symptoms and executive functions. However, considering harsh parenting as a mediator, it was observed that adolescents whose mothers belonged to the high-chronic trajectory of depressive symptoms exhibited poorer sustained attention (indirect effect: B(SE)=-0.007(0.002), 95% CI [-0.010, -0.004]) and poorer episodic memory (indirect effect: B(SE)=0.717(0.304), 95% CI [0.262, 1.266]) compared to those whose mothers belonged to the low trajectory of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Severe and persistent maternal depressive symptoms are associated with a higher frequency of harsh parenting behaviors, which in turn affect adolescents' executive functions.Keywords: Executive functions; Maternal depression; Harsh parenting; Adolescent; Path analysis; Cohort study.
Robustness study of normality-based likelihood ratio tests for testing maximal interaction two-mode clustering and a permutation-based alternative
Authors: Ahmed Zaheer
Published: August 2024

In many applications involving quantitative two-mode data, an interesting research ques-tion is about the presence of interaction between the two modes. Testing the null hypothesisof no interaction in two-mode data can be done by using the likelihood ratio testing approachthat is considered in extended maximal interaction two-mode clustering (E-ReMI) (Ahmedet al., 2021). This testing approach is based on the assumption of normality. However, inreal-life applications, this assumption is rarely met. This paper is concerned with studyingthis likelihood ratio testing approach when the assumption of normality is violated, andhas two main goals. Firstly, we investigate in a simulation study whether the normality-based testing approach in E-ReMI is robust against a violation of normality. Secondly, weintroduce a new permutation-based likelihood ratio testing approach as an alternative, andevaluate its performance by means of a simulation study. We further discuss an applicationto data from a person by situation study.
The memory palace architect: effect of valence on loci-dependent recall accuracy
Authors: Chiang Nicholas , Bakkour Akram
Published: August 2024

Method of loci (MOL) leverages visualizations of familiar spatial environments (memory palaces) to enhance information recall and is heavily utilized by superior memorists. The characteristics of memory palaces used in MOL have not been well-studied. Understanding how memory palace features contribute to memory enhancement may allow us to design optimal palaces. Here, we examined whether memory palace valence influences neutral information recall. We found that participants who applied MOL using a negatively valenced palace (N=33) outperformed participants who applied MOL using a positively valenced palace (N=34) and participants in a non-MOL control group (N=31) on a free-response semantic memory recall test. Furthermore, participants who perceived the negative palace more negatively or positive palace more positively exhibited greater recall accuracy, but overall, the negative group outperformed the positive group. These findings highlight that memory palaces can be constructed to optimize loci-dependent memory accuracy, providing new evidence-based strategies to improve memorization.
Practising CBT amid the climate and ecological crises
Authors: Marks Elizabeth , Cole Amanda
Published: August 2024

The following is an editorial to be published in the tCBT Special Issue on Climate Change
Bland and faraway bugs: Does the effect of perceptual richness on transfer depend on the semantic distance of the test items?
Authors: Menendez David
Published: August 2024

One reason to include diagrams or other visualizations in lessons is that they promote not only learning but also transfer. Theories of transfer ague that people are more likely to transfer knowledge to a new scenario the more similar the scenario is to what they have previously learned. However, prior research predominantly relies on expert- or researcher-based categories of how similar two scenarios are. In two studies (N total = 483) with undergraduate students in the United States, I showed how using learner-based similarity judgments can provide new insights on transfer. Participants learned about metamorphosis using either perceptually rich or bland life cycle diagrams. After the lesson, they completed comprehension questions, an immediate posttest, and a one-month delayed posttest. Participants also sorted the stimuli in the posttest based on their similarity either at the beginning (Study 1) or the end of the session (Study 2). The results of both studies and an Individual Person Data (IDP) analysis shows consistent results when using the participants’ similarity judgements to predict transfer. Participants were more likely to extend their knowledge to animals similar to the ladybug when they learned with the rich diagram, but to dissimilar animals when they learned with the bland diagram. This was consistent after the one-month delay. The results using research-based categories were less consistent, and the IPD shows that more participants were needed to find converging findings. This highlights the need to operationalize transfer based on learner perspectives rather than expert judgments.
Verification Report: A critical reanalysis of Vahey et al. (2015) “A meta-analysis of criterion effects for the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) in the clinical domain”
Authors: Hussey Ian
Published: August 2024

The meta-analysis reported in Vahey et al. (2015) concluded that the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) has high clinical criterion validity (meta- analytic 𝑟̅ = .45) and therefore “the potential of the IRAP as a tool for clinical assessment” (p. 64). Vahey et al. (2015) also reported power analyses, and the article is frequently cited for sample size determination in IRAP studies, especially their heuristic of N > 37. This article attempts to verify those results. Results were found to have very poor reproducibility at almost every stage of the data extraction and analysis with errors generally biased towards inflating the effect size. The reported meta-analysis results were found to be mathematically implausible and could not be reproduced despite numerous attempts. Multiple internal discrepancies were found in the effect sizes such as between the forest plot and funnel plot, and between the forest plot and the supplementary data. 23 of the 56 (41.1%) individual effect sizes were not actually criterion effects and did not meet the original inclusion criteria. The original results were also undermined by combining effect sizes with different estimands. Reextraction of effect sizes from the original articles revealed 360 additional effect sizes that met inclusion criteria that should have been included in the original analysis. Examples of selection bias in the inclusion of larger effect sizes were observed. A new meta-analysis was calculated to understand the compound impact of these errors (i.e., without endorsing its results as a valid estimate of the IRAP’s criterion validity). The effect size was half the size of the original (𝑟̅ = .22), and the power analyses recommended sample sizes nearly 10 times larger than the original (N > 346), which no published original study using the IRAP has met. In aggregate, this seriously undermines the credibility and utility of the original article’s conclusions and recommendations. Vahey et al. (2015) appears to need substantial correction at minimum. In particular, researchers should not rely on its results for sample size justification. A list of suggestions for error detection in meta-analyses is provided.