bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exalting the past: nostalgia and the construction of heritage in children's literature
Authors: Kong Lily , Tay Lily
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn this paper, we analyse the portrayal of Singapore in local children's literature and seek to understand why such a portrayal was prominent, and to what effect. We argue that this literature is characterized by a nostalgic recollection of past times and places. This emergence of the past as an important concern in Singapore is not limited to the literary arena, but reflects a larger condition: a broader adult yearning to transcend the constrictions of present place and time. We suggest that this nostalgia has surfaced because of the phenomenal changes in Singapore, which have caused people to come face to face with reminders of the past and vastly differing conditions of the present, all in the same lifetime.
Net deficits and the case for aquacultural geography
Authors: Barton Jonathan R , Stanifordt Don
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe crisis in capture fisheries has placed an increased onus on aquaculture to supply the world fish demand. The advancing role of culture relative to capture fisheries has precipitated environmental and socio‐economic transformations. Geographers have paid scant attention to these developments. This paper provides a literature review and proffers a research agenda for aquacultural geography.
Gender and physical geography in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dumayne‐Peaty Lisa , Wellens Jane
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey of all higher education geography departments in the United Kingdom, in order to provide an overview of the current status of women employed in the discipline, particularly female physical geographers. The survey examined the position of female physical geographers of doctoral level and above, in terms of employment status, type of contract, career structure, research and teaching disciplines and successful grant applications. The publication records of female academic staff were also examined. The results of the survey demonstrate that women are under‐represented in physical geography at all levels of the academic hierarchy and that the majority of female physical geography academic staff are below 40 years of age, and employed at the lecturer level on permanent contracts.
Gender differences in attitudes to undergraduate fieldwork
Authors: Maguire Sarah
Published: July 2005

Summary
Although there has been some research examining the implications of changes in funding in higher education for undergraduate fieldwork, there has been little work looking at the effects that a more diverse student body has upon activities of this nature. This study aims to begin to redress this by researching the attitudes of students to fieldwork, and specifically by highlighting their gender differences.
Viewing Highland Scotland: ideology, representation and the ‘natural heritage’
Authors: MacDonald Fraser
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper reconsiders the role of conservation within the cultural politics of Highland Scotland. The crofting version of the natural heritage debate is regarded as counter‐hegemonic to dominant discourses of conservation and the sporting estate. That view is given precedence in defining the ecology and landscape of the Highlands.
The changing meanings of South Africa's internal boundaries
Authors: Ramutsindela Maano F
Published: July 2005

Summary
The end of apartheid in South Africa not only occasioned the restructuring of society, but also necessitated the restructuring of territorial space(s). The analysis presented in this paper highlights how the South African map was infused with new meanings of space, by alterations to internal boundaries.
Ethnic identities and language in Northern Ireland
Authors: Chríost Diarmait Mac Giolla , Aitchisont John
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis paper considers the relationship between the Irish language and ethnic identities in Northern Ireland. It suggests that the language is more than a relic feature of the cultural landscape, that it transcends traditional religious and political divisions, and is a vital component of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. However, it is a shared inheritance that needs careful nurturing, through a more comprehensive and integrated approach to language planning and policy formulation.
Why has the market not been created for Channel Tunnel regional passenger rail services?
Authors: Knowles Richard , Farringtont John
Published: July 2005

Summary
Development benefits from the Channel Tunnel for the British regions beyond London depend largely upon the availability of through rail services to and from Europe. This paper examines the failure of deregulation, privatization and government policy to set up the forecast market in such a way that the British regions are included in the European matrix of high‐speed intercity passenger rail services.
Beyond boundaries? Activism, academia, reflexivity and research
Authors: Maxey Ian
Published: July 2005

Summary
In this paper, I draw on my own experiences to question some of the boundaries constructed around notions of activism and academia. Firstly, I introduce activism as a discursively produced concept with potential both to challenge and to support social exclusion. I propose an inclusive, reflexive view of activism that places us all as ‘activists’. Using this understanding of activism and the work of feminist and other critical geographers, I consider the role of reflexivity within research and other activist projects. Drawing on my own experiences of activism, I then explore some of the boundaries that reproduce the academic‐activist binary. I suggest such boundaries are actively constructed and may compromise the liberatory potential of academic research. I conclude the article by suggesting that a reflexivity grounded in the contingency of our lives can support activism within the academy and beyond.
Researching female sex work: reflections on geographical exclusion, critical methodologies and ‘useful’ knowledge
Authors: Hubbard Phil
Published: July 2005

Summary
Against the backdrop of ongoing debates about the nature of ‘critical’ geography, this paper considers the importance of intensive, action‐oriented and conversational research methodologies in providing a ‘Voice’ to excluded populations. The distinct contribution of such methods to the understanding of exclusion is illustrated with reference to research on female prostitution, drawing on the author's own experiences as well as those of feminist researchers in health and the social sciences. However, the paper concludes by comparing the emancipatory potential of such qualitative methods with more quantitative approaches, arguing that no one method can be prioritized in the search for ‘useful’ know.
The Big Issue:1 empowering homeless women through academic research?
Authors: Doyle Lisa
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper discusses academic research as a means of empowerment for people in marginalized groups, using the example of homeless women. Issues connected to the position of the researcher in relation to both the agencies dealing with homeless people and the homeless women themselves are discussed. Many agencies have underlying ideologies and overt practices that reinforce hierarchical relations and certain gendered expectations. The paper considers the difficulties this creates when working with and presenting findings to agencies whose principles are in conflict with one's own, and also discusses the social relations of conducting empowering doctoral research.
Reconceptualizing state‐society relations in Tanzania: are NGOs ‘making a difference’?1
Authors: Mercer Claire
Published: July 2005

Summary
Non‐governmental organizations are increasingly regarded as the development panacea for the 1990s and beyond. This paper critically explores the emerging relations between the state and actors within ‘civil society’ in Tanzania, and suggests that NGOs may not be able to fulfil the role being foisted upon them. Issues arising at both national and local scales demonstrate that state–society relations are characterized by unequal patterns of participation, which suggest that NGOs are contributing towards the reproduction of inequality
Hollowing out the state? Some observations on the restructuring of hospital services in New Zealand
Authors: Barnett J Ross
Published: July 2005

Summary
This study applies Jessop's idea of the ‘hollowed‐out’ state to an analysis of the restructuring of hospital services in New Zealand. Decentralization of responsibility for the funding and provision of hospital services to regional and local levels has had distinct fiscal and political advantages for the state and is rapidly changing the geography of hospital provision.
Researching the new urban governance: an examination of closure, access and complexities of institutional research
Authors: Raco Mike
Published: July 2005

Summary
Changes in the nature of local governance in the UK have raised a number of issues for academic researchers. The shift to quango governance and the denial of community access to decision‐making processes have become increasingly important issues in the conflicts surrounding regeneration programmes. This paper, drawing on a research project undertaken in Cardiff Bay, South Wales, explores the issues surrounding the access and distribution of knowledge in the new urban governance and the influence that academics, in their relatively privileged positions, can have on community–institution relations.
The journey to work: a century of change
Authors: Pooley Colin G , Turnbull Jean
Published: July 2005

Summary
The paper uses original quantitative and qualitative evidence to examine changes in the distance travelled and time spent on the journey to work in twentieth‐century Britain. Emphasis is placed on variations by gender and location, and on the implications of modal change. We suggest that analysis of past commuting trends may have implications for contemporary transport policy.
New states in a new millennium
Authors: Christopher A J
Published: July 2005

Summary
The post‐Second World War period was remarkable for the large number of new states that were added to the international community. This paper seeks to examine whether this process will continue in the new millennium. New states were formed predominantly as a result of decolonization, federal disintegration and secessionism. All three processes are still active, but are unlikely to produce the same results in the future. Secessionism in particular, because of the opprobrium in which it is held in the international community, may not result in the emergence of many new states.
Women, science and identity: interviews with female physical geographers
Authors: Madge Clare , Bee Anna
Published: July 2005

Summary
Interviews with female physical geographers show that although the significance of gender in influencing a woman's position and identity in physical geography is contested, gender still remains an important social relation that structures the personal relations, institutional practices and material outcomes of academic physical geography.
Research on the geography of agricultural change: redundant or revitalized?
Authors: Morris C , Evans N J
Published: July 2005

Summary
Future research directions for agricultural geography were the subject of debate in Area in the late 1980s, and the subsequent application of political economy ideas undoubtedly revived interest in agricultural research. This paper argues that agricultural geography contains greater diversity than the dominant political economy discourse would suggest. It reviews ‘other’ areas of agricultural research such as policy, post‐ productivism, people, culture and animals, presenting future suggestions which should ensure that agricultural research continues revitalized rather than redundant into the next millennium.
Critical geography and the opening up of the academy: lessons from ‘real life’ attempts
Authors: Lees Loretta
Published: July 2005

Summary
Two ‘real’ attempts that have been made to engage geography with everyday struggles are considered in the light of the critical geography movement. First, my experiences of an anti‐gentrification workshop at the Inaugural International Conference on Critical Geography in Vancouver, Canada. Second, my experiences in speaking about a research project ‘outside’ the academy, through the media. These attempts illustrate that geographers may be overestimating the particular expertise and experience that we bring to the table. Stepping out of our so‐called ‘ivory towers’ is but the first step in what can only be called an educational journey.
Local and global in cyberspace: the geographical narratives of US food companies on the internet
Authors: Pritchard William
Published: July 2005

Summary
Internet websites provide a new are na in which companies can create images and representations with attendant geographical narratives. A case study of the websites of the 20 largest US‐headquartered food, beverage and food service companies reveals an extensive use of geographical narratives that play on the particular spatial dimensions of the internet. The websites of many of these companies attempt to project and situate corporate activities within a stylized representation of the local and the global, thus providing a ‘space’ for corporate discourse within cyberspace. Insights gained from this case study highlight the importance of geography and geographical metaphors within the discursive lives of companies. The paper concludes that corporate websites portray idealized identities within idealized geographies.
Subversive sites: rave culture, spatial politics and the internet in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Gibson Chris
Published: July 2005

Summary
‘Rave’ subcultures have emerged over the last ten years in Sydney, mobilizing spatial practices and dance styles that originated in Europe and North America. As these dance cultures diversify and fragment, the internet is increasingly being used as a means of organizing rave activities, publishing information about artists, DJs and record labels, and, in more radicalized fragments of the scene, is imbued with meaning—as a ‘web’ to support illegal appropriations of urban space for dance venues. Hakim Bey's ‘Temporary Autonomous Zone’, a left‐anarchist spatial philosophy, underlies this rhetorical use of new computer technology, and is central to debates about youth subcultures, music and space, which I examine throughout this paper.
Geographies of talk:2, 15‘Max left a message for you’16, 24
Authors: Laurier Eric
Published: July 2005

Summary
A little worried about the manner in which transcripts of speech are used in geography, the author telephoned19 a linguist. Unfortunately, she had taken most of her answers elsewhere, leaving only the normal economical opening and delayed listening sequence on her answering machine, to which the author left the following message.20 His lengthy speaking turn, transcribed here from microcassette,21 appears to be an argument about some differences between written texts and interactional talk. Having suggested that talk has specific qualities, the author bemoans the predominance of transcription and coding routines, which lead to a particular kind of representative quotation. Drawing on preceding coffee‐time debates with the aforementioned linguist, he wonders aloud22 about using different forms of transcription to shift talk into the scriptural economy of papers, articles and books, and whether more use ought to be made of the analytic methods of conversational analysis. A torn‐off piece of computer print‐out is included,23 since it was mentioned on the tape as an illustration of the relevance of conversational analysis.
Exploiting the archive: and the animals came in two by two, 16mm, CD‐ROM and BetaSp
Authors: Davies Gail
Published: July 2005

SummaryUsing an account of the construction and subsequent exploitation of the film archive at the BBC's Natural History Unit, this paper explores the ways in which animals are embedded in the different cultures of care, control and commodification in the zoo and the wildlife film‐making unit. Network analysis is used to account for the similarities and tensions between these forms of animal exhibition, as revealed in the electronic zoo at Wildscreen World.
The Environment Act 1995 and quiet enjoyment: implications for countryside recreation in the national parks of England and Wales, UK
Authors: Pearlman Deborah J. , Dickinson Janet , Miller Linda , Pearlman Jerry
Published: July 2005

Summary
National parks in England and Wales have traditionally been seen as places of quiet, less hurried recreation. The phrase ‘quiet enjoyment’ was adopted to represent this notion, and this paper traces the policy‐making process involved in attempting to conserve this view. The debate during the enactment of the Environment Act 1995 brought the use and meaning of the phrase to prominence; amongst other issues, the use of the phrase in tenancy law precluded its use in legislation. The loss of the phrase ‘quiet enjoyment’ could have prolonged effects on the way in which national parks are used for recreational purposes.
Rights, the environment and Part V of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
Authors: Parker Gavin
Published: July 2005

Summary
Using figures derived from the UK Home Office, this paper analyses and reviews the impact and deployment of Part V of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 since its enactment. This is done with special reference to its impact on citizenship and the regulation of ‘the environment’ and associated rural spaces. It is argued that, notwithstanding the actual use of the public order clauses in Part V of the Act, its underlying meanings are largely of a symbolic nature. Such symbolism is, however, a powerful indication of the defence of particularist constructions of rural space. It can also open out new conditions of possibility, providing a useful ‘oppressed’ status and media spectacle for a range of protesters and activists.
Gender and hunger: salvaging essential categories
Authors: Young Liz
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis paper examines recent debates in development discourse and their implications for analyses of gender and hunger. It recognizes the insights that postist approaches offer, but finds that they too have dangers. It concludes that traditional perspectives and the categories these employ require revision rather than rejection.
Producer services and the ‘mixed‐market’ problem: some empirical evidence
Authors: Wernerheim C. Michael , Sharpe Christopher A.
Published: July 2005

SummaryA derived‐demand approach to decomposing the service content of official statistics is developed and implemented on Canadian input‐output data. Our principal finding is that the fundamental problem of separating consumer services from producer services (the ‘mixed‐market’ problem) causes conventional supply‐orientated methodologies substantially to overestimate the economic contribution of producer services to GDP.
Powers of engagement: on being engaged, being indifferent; and urban life
Authors: Latham Alan
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis paper explores the dynamics of engagement and disengagement within urban space. It argues that a certain capacity to encounter the world around the self in an active, creative way is central to the self's ability to recognize and care about the places it inhabits and the people encountered within those places. Drawing on the work of Donald Winnicott and Jessica Benjamin, it outlines a framework of self‐other psycho‐dynamics through which this active, creative encountering may be understood, and examines the violence of indifference that occurs when this everyday creativity is absent.
The Birth of the Clinic: an unknown work of medical geography
Authors: Philo Chris
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper provides a ‘geographical reading’ of Michel Foucault's book, The Birth of the Clinic (1963 in French; 1976 in English). It is argued that this book is a remarkable work of medical geography, despite remaining almost entirely unreferenced and unnoticed in the literature. The emphases in the book, particularly on medicine discovering the hidden spaces of the body, suggest possible new foci for medical geography, as well as placing a new cast on more established ones.
‘Blood, brain and bones’: taking the body seriously in the geography of health and impairment
Authors: Hall Edward
Published: July 2005

Summary
Recent geography literature has understood ‘the body’ mainly as representation. This paper argues for an increased recognition of the body as a material entity. Disability is used to illustrate the importance of reinterpreting the biology of the body and mind. This reinterpretation of the body will, the paper concludes, strengthen research into the geography of health and impairment.
‘…the world was getting smaller’: women, agoraphobia and bodily boundaries
Authors: Davidson Joyce
Published: July 2005

Summary
Drawing on individual and group interviews with agoraphobic women, this paper explores sufferers' accounts of agoraphobia as entailing apparent dysfunctions in spatial awareness. In particular, it examines the effects of agoraphobic anxiety on the lived boundaries of body and self and relates this to agoraphobics' contrasting experiences of the relative ‘security’ of the home and the unheimlich and disturbing architecture of the shopping mall.
Playing the ‘disabled role’ in local travel
Authors: Porter Alison
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis paper describes how people with a range of physical impairments use the ‘disabled role’ to enable them to make local journeys in Swansea. It examines the processes by which interaction between people and social institutions serves to overcome transport disability and to reinforce prevailing meanings and structures of disability.
‘Bearing the burden’: towards a restructured geography of caring
Authors: Milligan Christine
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper focuses on the ways in which demographic, social and environmental factors, combined with differential emphases on priorities and patterns of spending between local authority jurisdictions, are contributing to a changing spatial geography of caring. This is examined firstly by highlighting how macro factors contribute to a restructured landscape of care, and secondly by examining the personal geographies of carers located within the Scottish environment. Finally, the paper suggests that as care moves from institutional space to the homespace, it may be creating a blurring of the boundaries between what has traditionally been public/institutional space, and the homespace.1
Spatial patterns in breast cancer incidence in north‐west Lancashire
Authors: Rigby Janette E , Gatrell Anthony C
Published: July 2005

SummaryBreast cancer is a disease whose incidence is increasing in both developed and developing countries, but whose complex aetiology is not dearly understood. Recent research suggests that the environment may be an important factor, hence an investigation into spatial patterning of incidence could inform such research. We use data on incidence in north‐west Lancashire and apply some techniques for exploratory spatial analysis, at a variety of spatial scales. Issues relating to the use of incidence data and the interpretation of results are discussed.
The restructuring of London's labour force: migration and shifting opportunities, 1971–91
Authors: Bruegel Irene
Published: July 2005

Summary
The links between migration in and out of London and intergenerational social mobility are explored. Opportunities to enter high‐grade jobs are greater in London, but so is the competition. The selectivity of migration explains the high social mobility associated with both in‐ and out‐migration; those who stay in London are much less mobile, be they male or female. Black migrants to London do not share the fast escalator with white migrants, and London stayers come disproportionately from ethnic minority backgrounds. Socially mobile Londoners of both sexes leave far faster than the non‐mobile, but women are less often ‘creamed off’. Women with high‐level jobs rarely leave; when they stay, they are less likely to leave the labour force. The selectivity of both types of migration concentrates ‘under‐achievement’ on London stayers; racial discrimination may contribute to this outcome.
William Wordsworth's Guide to the Lakes and the geographical tradition
Authors: Whyte Ian
Published: July 2005

Summary
Wordsworth's Guide to the Lakes has not been considered in the context of the development of geography in Britain during the early nineteenth century. This paper examines its distinctive approach to the description and analysis of landscape and locates it within the literature of geography, arguing that it was one of the first systematic geographical studies of a region within the British Isles.
Refurbishment, redevelopment or relocation? The changing form and location of football stadiums in the Netherlands
Authors: van Dam Frank
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis paper discusses the causes of the current wave of renewal and relocation of football stadiums in the Netherlands and tries to shed some light on the changing form and location of Dutch football stadiums. Comparison with developments in the United Kingdom shows not only remarkable resemblances and mutual influences, but also some significant differences. In an inextricable upward spiral of causes and consequences such as recent successes of clubs and the national team, rising attendances, increasingly positive media attention, rising interests of commercial investors, new international and national requirements on stadium construction and an increasingly positive attitude of municipalities, a new wave of stadium redevelopment and relocation has emerged in the Netherlands. In this paper it will become clear that every stadium tells its own story; some of these stories are highlighted.
Keeping privatization on track: the active state, the unwilling investor and the case of rail freight in the UK
Authors: Cumbers Andy , Farrington John
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper presents a case study of rail freight privatization in the UK within the context of wider debates about globalization, the neo‐liberal privatization programme and the role of the state. The case study reveals the interventionist role played by the state in both legitimizing the process of privatization and selling the idea to a reluctant private sector at home and abroad. In doing so, it points to a number of contradictions and problems in the model of privatization chosen that raises larger questions about the process of economic liberalization and market deregulation.
The locally embedded multinational and institutional capture
Authors: Phelps N A
Published: July 2005

SummaryRecent innovations in corporate organization have seen a growing body of literature entertain the idea that internationally mobile investment may be becoming more attached to local economies. Increasingly, these corporate dynamics are being met by national and sub‐national initiatives to attract and embed multinationals This paper explores the implications of this convergence of corporate and institutional dynamics primarily at the local, sub‐national scale. Recognition of the highly politicized nature of MNE‐institution relations at the sub‐national scale raises questions over the efficacy of sub‐national institutional capacity in the attraction and development of FDI and highlights the prospect of some form of capture of sub‐national institutional capacity.
The ageing body and the homespace
Authors: Mowl Graham , Pain Rachel , Talbot Carol
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn this paper, findings are presented from a qualitative study of older people's lives in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, to examine the place of the body in everyday meanings and constructions of ageing. Focusing on the home, we show how notions about gendered as well as ageing bodies affect the use and meaning of space.
The place of emotions in academic research
Authors: Widdowfield Rebekah
Published: July 2005

Summary
Having first situated emotions within a broader theoretical context, this paper considers the benefits and the drawbacks of discussing emotions in accounts of the research process. The paper goes on to provide a personal account of my emotional response to conducting research in the West End of Newcastle, before concluding with some suggestions as to ways of taking the debate forward.
Reflections on the place of Larkin
Authors: Spooner Derek
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe close association of the poet Larkin with the city of Hull has induced references to Larkinland, though commercial exploitation of this concept is very limited. This paper examines Larkin's sense of place and explores his relationship with Hull and its environs. In drawing on his own personal landscapes, Larkin intermittently involves the reader in the pleasure of recognition. For the inhabitant of Hull, some poems have added value. ‘Here’ paints an evocative picture of Hull in the 1950s, but also links to the interpretation of Larkin as the poet of provincial England. However, Larkinland, either as Hull or as provincial mid‐century England, has a slender basis.
Geography matters? Whiteness and contemporary geography
Authors: McGuinness Mark
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe critique of whiteness furthers important critiques of static notions of ethnicity and identity. Interesting work on ‘white‐blind’ geographers working on race and ethnicity has recently been initiated, yet a more systematic and wide ranging critique of the norms and assumptions of contemporary geographical research has yet to be fully established. After reviewing the recent White Studies literature, this paper examines an influential piece of contemporary geographical writing and suggests that if geography really is to matter, geographers need to consider more self‐consciously how they themselves might be (unwittingly) complicit in such constructions.
Who moves into, out of and within London?
Authors: Ford Tania , Champion Tony
Published: July 2005

Summary
Eight variables from the 1991 Census 2% Sample of Anonymised Records are used to classify Greater London's population into ten socio‐demographic groups. This provides the basis for examining differences between ‘types of people’ in the extent to which they changed address in the year before the Census and whether they moved into, out of or within London.
‘Hell on earth and paradise all at the same time’: the production of smallholding space in the British countryside
Authors: Holloway Lewis
Published: July 2005

Summary
This paper begins to develop an analysis of the geography of smallholding, as a contribution to developing interest in cultural geographies of farming and the nature of the ‘post‐productivist’ countryside. The paper uses evidence from a survey of UK smallholders to suggest that they are in a paradoxical position in relation to ideas about ‘real’ farming, production and consumption, leisure and work. Smallholder identity is revealed as constituted through ideas about ‘nature’, food, family, community, work and rural space. The paper concludes by suggesting a framework of ideas for future intensive research into smallholding and its links with farming cultures and rural social and cultural change.
Registering regional speciality food and drink products in the United Kingdom: the case of PDOs and PGls
Authors: Ilbery Brian , Kneafsey Moya
Published: July 2005

Summary
Regional food products are of contemporary interest as people are increasingly concerned to know where food comes from and how it is produced. Geographers have been slow to examine the link between product and place and this paper provides initial insights into the uptake of a European regulation designed to protect and promote high quality regional food and drink products in the United Kingdom. The early adopters of EU quality marks are shown to use them to protect their names from cheaper imitations rather than as a marketing device. Bureaucracy and costs of implementation, together with a lack of consumer knowledge, are likely to prevent rapid future adoption in the UK.
Towards a critical analysis of fictive geographies
Authors: Sharp Joanne P.
Published: July 2005

Summary
The recent ‘culture turn’ in geography has generated a good deal of interest in the structure of scientific knowledge and modes of writing, but there has less attention to the construction of other forms of knowledge and writing. While humanistic and regional geographers have referred to literature on the whole without comment on genre, mode of production or range of consumption, more recent critical geographers have regarded literature as a material artefact which fulfils a role designated by its position in various social and economic processes. This paper critiques both positions as offering a limited vision of the relationship between geography and literature and attempts to offer an engagement with literary fiction which analyses the content and form of the text, but also leaves room for its distinctive voice.
Reviewing the uncertainties in climate change science
Authors: O'Hare Greg
Published: July 2005

SummaryClimate change science is a highly contentious and politicized field that benefits from open discussion and debate. This paper presents a broadly based up‐to‐date analysis of the main doubts and uncertainties in climate change science. The primary focus is on the different types and scales of climate change uncertainty including data bases, system complexity, the human fingerprint and climate modelling. The environmental and socio‐economic response to climate change is briefly discussed including international agreements on pollution abatement policies.
Shades of green in local authority policy‐making: a regional case study
Authors: Muir Kate , Phillips Martin , Healey Mick
Published: July 2005

Summary
Local authorities have been seen as an important agent in the development of more sustainable economies. This paper explores the level and form of ‘greening’ taking place amongst local authorities in the Midland region of the UK. Particular attention is paid to intra‐regional variations in environmental policy‐making.
New uses for England's old airfields
Authors: Gallent Nick , Howe Joe , Bell Philip
Published: July 2005

Summary
This article examines the process of airfield re‐use across rural England, highlighting the framework and realities of procedural planning control. In doing so, it illustrates how the re‐use of. airfield sites in the countryside raises issues of more general concern and mirrors wider debates within the sphere of development planning. In short, we are concerned with both opportunities for land re‐cycling on rural airfields and the debates which are likely to emerge as additional sites are re‐developed.
Distance and discourse in the local labour market: the case of Singapore
Authors: Coe Neil M , Kelly Philip F
Published: July 2005

Summary
In this paper we use the example of Singapore to make two theoretical contributions to the geographical literature on local labour markets. Firstly, we suggest that the local labour market should be conceived of as an extended ‘network space’ that is constituted by extra‐local linkages and flows as well as local interactions. The importance of certain kinds of foreign ‘workers’ and ‘talent’ in Singapore can be used to illustrate this argument. Secondly, we contend that locally constructed discourses can actively shape labour market dynamics, exemplified here by the rise of ‘knowledge‐based economy’ rhetoric in Singapore.
Participatory diagramming: deploying qualitative methods through an action research epistemology
Authors: Kesby Mike
Published: July 2005

Summary
In the context of a pilot study on the role that gender relations play in the transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe, this paper explores participatory diagramming, an exciting qualitative research technique largely under‐utilized by geographers. It argues for a deployment of the technique within an action research epistemology in order that it might facilitate the reflection and action of participants in praxis, not simply the production of nuanced multiple truths in text Such an approach offers geographers embedded in an audit‐oriented academy one means to political engagement while at the same time generating rigorous, ‘publishable outputs’.
The relationships of population and forest trends
Authors: MATHER A. S. , NEEDLE C. L.
Published: July 2005

The relationship between national trends in forest area and population is reviewed at the global scale. Evidence of an inverse relationship is confirmed. The relationship, however, may have weakened in recent decades, and it has clearly undergone a reversal in some countries during the nineteenth to twentieth centuries. The theme of a changing relationship through time is thus developed, as is that of an asymmetrical relationship in the sense that the forest area is likely to stabilize before population. On the basis of modelling from the current demographic relationship, the global forest area should stabilize before the middle of the twenty‐first century.
Coastal Change in Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates): a Cartographic Analysis
Authors: GOUDIE A.S. , PARKER A.G. , AL‐FARRAJ A.
Published: July 2005

The coastline of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, has three main constructional complexes: Jazirat al Hamra, Julfah, and Jazirat Hulaylah. Archival information, air photographs and maps dating back to 1819, enable the history of coastal change to be reconstructed. Jazirat al Hamra has been much affected by recent reclamation and harbour works, but appears to have been relatively stable. Jazirat Hulaylah also appears to have changed relatively little. However, the Julfah complex, which includes the harbour mouth for Ras Al Khaimah city, has shown very considerable change as a result of coastal breaching and spit growth and decay.
The Institutional Architecture of Extractive Reserves in Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: BROWN KATRINA , ROSENDO SERGIO
Published: July 2005

This paper examines the evolution and development of institutions involved in the establishment of extractive reserves. It focuses on the different actors, organizations and projects concerned with extractive reserves in Rondônia in western Amazonia, Brazil. Extractive reserves are widely seen as a means of integrating forest conservation and local socio‐economic development. As such, they have gained the support of the international environmental movement, multilateral and state development organizations, and grassroots community and producer organizations. These institutions represent a vast array of diverse interests which range from conservation of biodiversity, economic and social cohesion, and regional and national development. Whilst the various actors and institutions claim mutual and complementary interests, they form shifting alliances and coalitions in order to further their interests. This paper maps these institutions and interests and describes how alliances have been formed and broken, and how this has contributed to the currently observed implementation of extractive reserves. The paper argues that extractive reserves are constrained by the dissonance or misfit in discourses and underlying worldviews, reflected by the aims and objectives, of the institutions which promote, oppose and lose and benefit from their implementation. This misfit is overcome, in part, by alliances formed between the different institutions, and in part by the creation of new institutions and projects.
Climatic patterns in a tropical rainforest in Brunei
Authors: DYKES A.P.
Published: July 2005

Meteorological parameters were monitored on an hourly basis over ten months during 1991–2, from altitudes of 45 and 913 metres in an undisturbed tropical rainforest in Brunei, near the north‐west coast of Borneo. In general, the observed characteristics of the climate accorded with the regional meteorological systems and with published results from other studies in northern Borneo, although a greater degree of temporal variability was apparent. The seasonal variability was probably enhanced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation event of early 1992. Rainfall events were typically highly variable in nature, although storm intensity profiles were broadly similar. High magnitude and high intensity events are common among the large total number of events. More rain, of generally higher intensity, fell on the mountain. The total daily solar energy receipt was similar at both altitudes owing to greater cloud cover on the mountain. Temperatures varied significantly with season at both altitudes and the mean lapse rate was 4.5°C/km. Relative humidity at 913 metres tended to be significantly higher during the day and significantly lower at night than at 45 metres. Wind directions were dominantly controlled by local mountain and valley wind systems. Wind speeds were significantly higher during the dry seasons and at the higher altitude. Previous studies have shown that small but significant variations in meteorological parameters can have distinct ecological responses, and rainfall characteristics are important controls on geomorphological processes.
Changing regional climatic gradients in the United Kingdom
Authors: MAYES JULIAN
Published: July 2005

The regional climatic gradient between the north‐west and south‐east of the United Kingdom is analysed in the context of the fluctuating vigour of the mid‐latitude westerlies. The study period comprises the mid‐twentieth century period of atmospheric blocking and the more active westerlies that have characterized much of the 1980s and 1990s, especially in Winter. This change has coincided with increased regional gradients of rainfall, temperature and sunshine between north‐western and south‐eastern Britain. This is consistent with an enhanced climatic gradient across Europe and it is suggested that this may have been accentuated across the United Kingdom by orographic influences. These results also show some congruence with scenarios of climate change for the twenty‐first century, indicative of the sensitivity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (and mid‐latitude westerlies) to temperature change. This could contribute to a significant hydrological and environmental perturbation when viewed in the context of increasing demand for water in southern and eastern England.
Government Intervention in the Muda Irrigation Scheme, Malaysia: ‘actors’, expectations and outcomes
Authors: JOHNSON CLARE L.
Published: July 2005

At the dawn of the third millennium the problems associated with large‐scale irrigation lie largely unresolved. The outcomes of government policies rarely correspond with expectations, leading to conflict and misunderstanding between federal governments, local agencies and farmers. This paper examines the mis‐match of expectations between policy implementors and policy recipients in the implementation of one government policy (tertlary intervention) in the Muda irrigation scheme, Malaysia. The findings illustrate that this policy is not achieving the productivity increase or water saving expectations for which it was designed. Instead, tertiary intervention has increased the capacity of the farmers to unofficially control the distribution and supply of the water resource and to engage in off‐farm productive and non‐productive activities. This results in: a significant over‐supply of water; the inefficient use of this supply; and a reduction in yields without a reduction in incomes. Importantly, tertiary intervention has enabled the farmers to diversify their livelihood strategies whilst retaining access to the rice‐farming culture. The findings presented in this paper serve to illustrate the significance of ‘actor’expectations on policy outcomes and agrarian change.
The Origin and Diffusion of Qanats in Arabia: New Evidence from the northern and southern Peninsula
Authors: LIGHTFOOT DALE R.
Published: July 2005

In scattered areas of the Arabian Peninsula, beginning several centuries before the first Christian millennium and for several centuries after, public works efforts were mounted to convey water from mountain aquifers, via subsurface aqueducts, onto drier valleys and plains. These subterranean, gravity‐driven filtration galleries, known generically as qanats, were transplanted across the Peninsula first by Persians, and later by others who borrowed their technology. Much scholarly work has been produced to account for their constructions in Iran, Oman, and many other countries throughout the world where qanats were eventually built. But this story of technological diffusion has been left with notable gaps. This paper offers a synthesis of the history of qanats from earlier studies, together with fresh evidence collected from 1993–1998 fieldwork in some of these ‘gaps’in the northern and southern Peninsula. This collation offers evidence of three distinct pathways of diffusion of qanat technology from Persia across Arabia, and discusses the current use and future of qanats throughout the region.
Globalization, grapes and gender: Women's work in traditional and agro‐export production in northern Chile
Authors: BEE ANNA
Published: July 2005

Recent changes in the global political economy have had dramatic effects on the lives of women as they are incorporated into globalization processes, such as the expansion of agribusiness, in often marginal and unstable ways. However, it is vital to consider how these globalization processes are mediated by women in ways that reflect local geo‐historical contexts. This paper explores the expansion of the fruit export sector, land tenure, community organization and female employment in agriculture in northern Chile. Agro‐export production has marginalized but not destroyed the small‐scale farming sector and large‐scale export farms co‐exist with small‐scale domestically‐orientated farms. Female labour has been very important in the success of fresh fruit exports and many rural women negotiate both waged work in the fruit export economy and unwaged work on family farms. The paper explores the women's perceptions of agricultural work and how these relate to their identities as unpaid workers on the family farm and as waged workers in the agro‐export sector. The paper thus attempts to explore the multiplicity of ways that women experience rapid changes in the agrarian sector and how these changes relate to the maintenance of more ‘traditional’practices and identities.
The spatial dynamics of foreign investment in the Pearl River Delta, south China
Authors: SHEN JIANFA , WONG KWAN‐YIU , CHU KIM‐YEE , FENG ZHlQlANG
Published: July 2005

The Pearl River Delta region in south China has experienced dramatic economic development, industrialization and urbanization since the late 1970s. Foreign investment, especially the capital from Hong Kong, has been one of the major driving forces underlying the process. The spatial concentration/diffusion of foreign investment in a region also has important bearing on the balanced/unbalanced urban and regional development. This issue remains unexamined and critical analysis is needed to unveil the spatial impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) activities in China. This paper will focus on the Pearl River Delta region to examine the spatial diffusion and the determinants of foreign investment. The diffusion of foreign investment from the provincial capital, Guangzhou and two special economic zones near Hong Kong to surrounding areas is clearly identified. The diffusion is the result of the widespread implementation of open‐door policy in the region and significant improvement in infrastructure. Four models of foreign investment are developed to explain the spatial incidence of foreign investment in the region. The findings of this paper can shed light on the regional development process in China and other developing countries under the influence of foreign capital.