bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai Sosial Kearifan Lokal Manugal Suku Dayak
Authors: Ramdani Muhamad Reza
Published: April 2023

This study pays attention to the Manugal Dayak Ngaju culture in its correlation with environmental ethics. The Manugal Dayak Ngaju culture contains many values and meanings in life. Among these values are social values. The purpose of this study is to find out that there are social values and meanings that become the basis of the Ngaju Dayak community in preparing and clearing land. In the Manugal process, the Dayak community always upholds the value of togetherness (Handep) so that there are not only ethical values for humans and nature, but also ethical values between humans and others in terms of morals to help each other. This value will also be explored in this study. The methodology used in this study is a library qualitative methodology that discusses themes based on books and previous studies. The author collects and analyzes the sources of books, articles about Manugal. The findings from this study are that Manugal culture contains social values. This value has also been lived by the Dayak Ngaju community. Although it is often not realized, Manugal has become an activity that contains important values for humans and nature. The traditional culture of manugal (planting rice) is still carried out by the indigenous people of the Ngaju tribe in Central Kalimantan. In manugal there is a division of labor between men, mother and children. Manual farming This method cannot be separated from the land burning system which is not environmentally friendly and abandoned by the indigenous people. In fact, manugal can be used as an environmentally friendly way of farming by reusing burnt land, re-plowing the land and using organic fertilizers, manure and chemical fertilizers. Apart from that, in human culture there are values that must be maintained because these values shape the character of children to be responsible and like to help other, Keywords: : Manugal, Social Value, Dayak Ngaju, Culture
AKULTURASI NILAI HUKUM ISLAM PADA TRADISI MAPPACCI DI SUKU BUGIS DAERAH PINRANG
Authors: Muh.Yasin
Published: April 2023

Mappacci is one of the traditions carried out by the Bugis people on the wedding night, it Mappacci is a Bugis tradition and the purpose of this mappacci is to purify oneself on the wedding night. In the village of Watang Sawitto, the Mappacci tradition is also carried out, namely the purification of the souls of the bride and groom using certain materials in the Mappacci process. Each of these materials has its own symbol and meaning. The materials used at Watang Sawitto in the Mappacci process are adapted to Islamic legal culture. The purpose of this writing is to clarify what Islamic values are involved in the process of acculturation of the Mappacci tradition among the Bugis community in Watang Sawitto Village, Kab. Pinrang. This writing uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques using a literature review. The results of this writing show that: The materials used in the process of making mappacci are symbols of hope and goodness, and the materials used are silk sarongs, pillows, paste leaves, banana leaves, jackfruit leaves, brown sugar, coconut. The Mappacci process is also a form of prayer to the bride and groom. Fulfilling the Mappacci tradition is the desire of the bride and groom for their family to become a Sakinah, Mawadda and Warahmah family.
Cancer Treatment: Surgery, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy
Authors: qbal adnan
Published: April 2023

Cancer Treatment: Surgery, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, andImmunotherapy
Electric Vehicles as Electric Energy Storage for a Zero Emission Grid
Authors: Kydd Paul  H.
Published: April 2023

Electric Vehicles, especially electric vehicles with bidirectional Vehicle-toGrid (V2G) connectivity can serve as electric energy storage assets. Following the dramtatic increase in electric vehicle registrations in 2022 there can be little doubt that electric vehicles will become a major portion of the entire light duty transportation fleet.This paper endeavors to project the growing electric energy storage capability of this asset. It shows that the storage available form the EV fleet may grow to match the daily output of projected solar PV generation in the 2025-2030 time period and greatly exceed the requirements of the EV fleet itself.This present the possibility of massive renewable energy capability, leveled and controlled by even more massive electric vehicle fleet storage capability, which can offset its intermittent and uncontrolled nature, as a future zero emission energy grid
Quantifying accuracy and bias in motive introspection
Authors: Carlson Ryan W. , Zoh Yoonseo , Morris Adam , Crockett Molly
Published: April 2023

An influential view in the social sciences holds that humans are unwilling or unable to accurately report their motives through introspection. Yet the limits of introspection are often assumed, and less often tested. Here, we systematically compared people’s subjective reports of the strength of their motives to the preference strengths revealed through their actual prosocial and consumer decisions. Using this approach in five experiments (N=2191), we reveal conditions under which people can accurately report the strength of their motives. People’s subjective reports were consistently highly correlated with the preference strengths revealed through their prosocial and consumer behavior. People showed high introspective accuracy both before and after choice, their level of accuracy exceeded that of independent ‘observer’ participants, and their reports accurately updated when we experimentally shifted the strength of their choice preferences. Together, these data support the idea that peoples’ subjective reports on their motives can be highly precise, and that people achieve such accuracy through introspection. This work engages with a longstanding debate spanning the social and behavioral sciences, and offers a novel method for charting the boundaries of peoples’ capacity to know themselves.
Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia in preinvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
Authors: Sasturkar Radhika C , BH Ramesh , Nyamagoudar Sunita , Jigjini Sateesh S
Published: April 2023

Background: Differentiating between preinvasive and invasive squamous neoplasms of the cervix can be a challenge in small, superficial fragments of cervical biopsy, particularly when inflammatory infiltrates obscure the epithelial stroma interface and due to tangential sectioning of the acanthotic squamous epithelium. This study evaluates whether thresholds of eosinophils in stroma serve as a morphological marker for the presence of tumor invasion in squamous neoplasms of the cervix.
Material and methods: Sixty-five cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma and preinvasive squamous neoplasia were evaluated. In each case, the number of eosinophils per HPF and per 10 HPF in the tissue adjacent to the neoplastic epithelium was counted. For statistical purposes, the elevated eosinophils were categorized as > 3 eosinophils/HPF, > 5 eosinophils/HPF, and >10/10 HPF.
Results: Stromal eosinophils were present in 1/5 cases of LSIL, 3/8 HSIL cases, 15/16 cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, and 34/36 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, signifying an increase in eosinophil count from a spectrum of preinvasive to invasive carcinoma. Greater than 5 eosinophils/HPF and >10 eosinophils/10 HPF had sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of 55%, 100%, 100%, and 75%, 100%and 100%, respectively. The difference of >5eosinophils/HPF and >10eosinophils/10 HPF between SIL and SCC was statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that the presence of increased eosinophils in squamous neoplasia of the cervix can be associated with tumor invasion and should prompt a thorough evaluation when evidence of invasion is absent.
Histological study of endoscopic biopsies from the lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Banstola Laxman , Thapa Suresh , Raj Poudel Suresh , Raj Gautam Bhoj
Published: April 2023

Background: Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract is seen as an essential diagnostic tool because it can provide an in-depth visual assessment of gastrointestinal mucosa and allows for tissue sampling. This study aims to find out the histological diagnosis of various tissues biopsied from the lower GIT endoscopically.
Materials and methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Fewa City Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal from March 2021 to February 2022.
Results: Total number of samples taken into the study was 174. Nonspecific inflammation was the commonest lesion in ileal, colon, and rectal biopsies.
Conclusions: Lower GI tract is targeted to a wide range of diseases, ranging from inflammatory to malignant entities. Endoscopy and biopsy for suspected lesions is a trusted approach for investigating and managing GI tract pathologies.
A digital fibromyxoid tumor: a case report
Authors: Jha Krishna , Shrestha Sabrina Yamu , Kafle Santosh
Published: April 2023

A digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, which occurs in the finger and toes around the subungual and periungual region. Histopathologically, it consists of a well-circumscribed unencapsulated dermal tumor composed of spindle and stellate cells in a loose fascicular pattern embedded in a myxocollagenous stroma. We report this rare case of superficial acral fibromyxoma presenting as an asymptomatic subungual mass in the greater toe in a middle age female.
Histomorphological pattern of lesions of cystoscopic bladder biopsies in a tertiary center in Nepal- A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Shrestha Amar Narayan , Regmi Anil , Rana Abilasha , Ghimire Sony , Karki Pragya , Thapa Sajina , Shrestha Amit , Singh Rewant
Published: April 2023

Background: Bladder cancer accounts for 3% of all cancer diagnoses and is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Bladder tumors have different subtypes and behavioral patterns. This study is performed in the pathology department of Shree Birendra Hospital. It is a data review done on cystoscopic bladder biopsy results for the past 5 years to study the histomorphological patterns of various bladder lesions.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done on cystoscopic bladder biopsy results. A hospital register-based retrospective study was conducted on the data of five years duration. The epidemiological parameters were calculated using Microsoft Excel.
Results: A total of 56 cystoscopic biopsies were performed during the study period of 5 years. Among them, 45(80.36%) were male and 11(19.64%) were female. The peak incidence was seen in the age group 70-79 years (26.78%). The majority of the patients had neoplastic lesions (83.92%). The peak incidence of neoplastic lesions also belonged to the age group 70-79 years (31.19%). The most common malignant lesion was papillary urothelial carcinoma i.e. 45 cases (95.74 % among the neoplastic lesions and 80.36% among all the total bladder lesions)
Conclusions: Among the bladder lesions that have undergone cystoscopic biopsies, urothelial carcinoma is the most common with male predominance. The early and definitive diagnosis with accurate grading and staging of bladder tumors can be done by histopathology. Early identification of bladder tumors has an impact on the therapeutic approach as well.
Evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast carcinomas
Authors: Karki Shovana , Tiwari Sansar Babu , Basnet Alina
Published: April 2023

Background: Among the parameters that have a prognostic and/or predictive significance to therapeutic response, in the case of breast carcinoma, the study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast carcinomas is emerging. The present study aimed to access the clinicopathological profiles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with primary breast carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Information was collected from the archive of the Department of Pathology, about invasive breast cancers diagnosed between April 2019 –March 2020. Hormone receptor status and Ki-67 index were assessed. For tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, hematoxylin and eosin sections were evaluated following the guidelines of the “International Working Group for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in Breast Cancer—2014”.
Results:  High tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were seen in 64.2% and 43.8% in ages < 50 and > 50 respectively. All cases of invasive lobular carcinoma had low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. 62.5% of T1 tumors were associated with low TILs whereas 80% of low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were T3. 71.4% of lymph node-positive tumors had low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. All breast cancers showed lymphocytic infiltrate.  40% of the tumors showed intermediate to high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.  Lymphocyte-predominant breast cancers were 30%. Among the LPBC, 55.5% were triple-negative breast cancers, 33.3% were HR+, and 11.2% were HER2 positive.
Conclusions: Low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes presented at an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breasts decreased with increasing age. LPBCs were predominantly TNBCs. All breast cancers were immunogenic, stating the necessity to report tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in all breast carcinomas.
Hematologic parameters in thrombocytopenic patients with dengue fever
Authors: Rajbhandari Aasiya , Shrestha Manisha , Shah Prakriti , Adhikari Sushil
Published: April 2023

Background: Dengue fever is an endemic disease in Nepal that has shown increasing incidence each passing year. Dengue has a wide range of clinical presentations and laboratory findings. Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in dengue-infected patients along with other findings like leukopenia, lymphocytosis, raised hematocrit, and elevated liver enzymes. Thrombocytopenia is an indicator of disease severity and can lead to severe bleeding manifestations. This study aims to find the association of thrombocytopenia with other hematologic parameters.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study enrolled 651 dengue patients tested at Patan Academy of Health Sciences who also underwent complete blood count at presentation.
Results: Dengue-infected patients of all age groups with a slight male predominance. Thrombocytopenia was noted in 48.69% of cases. Thrombocytopenia showed a significant association with age (p=0.009), total leukocyte count(p=0.00), and hemoglobin levels (p= 0.015).
Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia in dengue patients is frequently encountered. Increasing age, leukopenia, and anemia are factors significantly associated with thrombocytopenia at presentation.
Effect of Management Information System (MIS) on Decision-Making in the Academic Sector
Authors: Bhandari Hari Pd
Published: April 2023

The current era is the information era; people are running on society 5.0, where machines are integrated with humans for a healthy, comfortable, easy, and long life. In general, information is blood, and MIS is body; blood flows for life which can be compared with the flow of information on the organization as per the requirement for decision-making to grow the organization to meet its desired outcome. The overall objective of this research is to assess the effect of MIS on decision-making among academic institutions. This machine can function effectively and efficiently only with the help of data and information for humanitarian assistance for various purposes. Nowadays, every organization cannot run smoothly without the use of MIS. It signifies the dependability of decision-making on MIS. This research has attempted to identify necessary variables. They are used to evaluate the influence of management information systems on decision-support capabilities in the organization.

This study also discusses the concept, attributes, characteristics, types of MIS, and the MIS model, and finally, highlights the effect of MIS in decision-making in academic institutions. At the same time, different models and figures are presented to enrich the discussion and to highlight the status of each MIS and DSS information system in an organization's decision-making process. Here fifteen related articles are incorporated to review the title to ensure the research gap and where conceptual review approach based on descriptive content analysis using long-term classroom discussion. This research will create an awareness to develop an integrated MIS among academic institutions to ensure success through rational scientific decision-making.
Osiąganie gotowości szkolnej przez dzieci ze środowisk defaworyzowanych społecznie – możliwości i skuteczność programów wspierających start szkolny
Authors: Krauze-Sikorska Hanna
Published: April 2023

A good school start for children coming from socially disadvantaged backgrounds has been the subject of theoretical and empirical analysis for many years. With reference to developments in the concept of “school readiness,” this review-reflection article seeks to point out the potential that early intervention, incorporating educational and preventive and, in special cases, therapeutic measures, can have for children from at-risk backgrounds, their families and society, if it is referenced in concepts that provide it with a certain theoretical framework. The purpose of this research is to present three exemplary programmes -Sentinel pre-K (HighScope-Perry Preschool Study) [Ypsilanti, Michigan], Abecedarian Project [Chapel Hill, North Carolina], Child-Parent Centers [Chicago, Illinois] – that support children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds in achieving school readiness. The presentation of the programmes takes into account the results of longitudinal studies on the functioning of the children participating in them. It can be concluded from them that early intervention and the continuation of the measures taken at the stage of early childhood education can be important not only for the continued progressive functioning of individuals but also for the development of policies to support children and their families in a school start situation. It should be emphasised that the results of this research can also open up perspectives and areas of research measures to support children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds in crossing the school threshold that are implemented in Poland.
Przejście, gotowość i adaptacja jako znaczące kategorie pedagogii Montessori
Authors: Jendza Jarosław
Published: April 2023

The article is a theoretical exploration of three significant concepts of the Montessori pedagogy, i.e., transition, readiness and adaptation in the context of early childhood education (ECE). The text summarises some of the conclusions formulated by Professor Barbara Wilgocka-Okoń and Maria Montessori. In this way the author points out the similarities and differences between these two thinkers, which helped to critically reflect on the concepts alone, but also on the paradigms of the functioning of ECE institutions.
Evaluation Practice in Canada: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Gauthier Benoît , Borys Shelley , Kishchuk Natalie , Roy Simon
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article reports on the results of a national survey that describes the professional and practice profiles of program evaluators in Canada, their views of their working conditions, and their sense of belonging to the field of evaluation. The data were collected between May and July 2005 via a Web survey, and 1,005 respondents filled out questionnaires. Among them, 647 indicated that they were internal or external evaluation producers, the others being evaluation users, students, or researchers. The results raise several issues. First, much of the evaluation work being done in Canada appears to be driven by accountability requirements, and secondarily by an appetite for program improvement or reconsideration. Second, voluntary certification, while quite widely supported, may create or encounter significant challenges in attempting to achieve professionalization goals. Third, the survey documents the need for professional training and the low levels of satisfaction with the training received to meet the requirements of evaluation positions. Finally, based on the current configuration of the population of active evaluators, on the intent of a majority of young evaluators to leave the field in the next few years, and on the training required in evaluation, the profession is not currently in a position to sustain itself through the renewal of a stable, capable, and committed workforce. Taken together, these results suggest a need for reflection and action on the future development of the profession.
Studies Are Not Enough: The Necessary Transformation of Evaluation
Authors: Mayne John , Rist Ray C.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The authors contend that developments in the public and not-for-profit sectors over the last decade or so have profound implications for the profession of evaluation, implications that are not being adequately addressed. They argue that evaluation needs to transform itself if it wishes to play a significant role in the management of organizations in these sectors. Beyond traditional evaluation studies, evaluators working in public and not-for-profit organizations need to (a) lead the development of results-based management systems, (b) using this and all available evaluative information, strengthen organizational learning and knowledge management, and (c) create analytic streams of evaluative knowledge. Failing to grasp these challenges will result in a marginalized and diminished role for evaluation in public and not-for-profit sector management.
The Role of Culture and the Future of the Evaluation Function: Considerations and Key Questions
Authors: Hunt Terry
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The author draws connections across the three articles in this thematic segment and poses a series of questions on the future of the evaluation function. He concludes that an enduring role for evaluation within Canadian public administration requires the adoption of a culture change agenda within the evaluation community and, by extension, within the organizations in which we work. Central to such a change agenda is sustained movement toward increasing the professionalism of the function.
Le développement du pouvoir d’agir (empowerment) appliqué à une expérience d’insertion par l’économique : suggestion d’indicateurs d’évaluation
Authors: Arteau Marcel , Gaudreau Lorraine
Published: April 2023

Abstract: A social intervention experiment was conducted to try to apply an approach developing the capacity to act, better known as empowerment, in an economic inclusion framework with individuals who have been socio-economically withdrawn, sometimes for a long time. The experiment involved the design, implementation, and testing of a new resource intended to support unemployed individuals carrying out a community job-creation project in working class districts in Quebec City. The experiment is of interest, from an evaluation standpoint, for its development of a series of indicators to measure the impact of an undertaking of that kind. Although the evaluation could not be completed, the purpose of this article is to present the evaluation planning process and the list of indicators selected.
Du carré à la spirale : réflexions sur quelques années de participation du comité AVEC du Collectif pour un Québec sans pauvreté
Authors: O’Neill Michel , Dupéré Sophie
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article presents the reflections of two academics on their participation in a committee of the Collectif pour un Québec sans pauvreté, which brings together members from a variety of backgrounds, including some experiencing poverty. The authors explain how they joined the committee, the challenges encountered, and the lessons learned both personally and professionally. This brief testimony is intended to raise awareness of the importance of adopting a reflective approach as a researcher or evaluator and the opportunity to succeed in doing so in community groups.
School Determinants of Achievement in Writing: Implications for School Management in Minority Settings
Authors: Bouchamma Yamina , Lapointe Claire , Richard Jean-François
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study identified school factors that determined writing achievement for 13- and 16-year-old Francophone students in minority (Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia) and majority settings (Quebec) (N = 5700). Factor analysis retained three factors subjected to binary logistic regression with students’ academic performance: Human and Material Resources and School-Community-Family Relations; Principal’s Vision and Beliefs; and Rules and Procedures. Logistic regression found two major determinants in writing achievement: Human and Material Resources and School-Community-Family Relations, and Principal’s Vision and Beliefs. In minority settings, the t-test showed significant deficits affecting the school’s ability to provide teaching programs in terms of Human and Material Resources and School-Community-Family Relations. The influence of both principals and teaching staff (individually) on general activities, school programs, and staff morale was weaker in the minority than in the majority contexts, in contrast to community support, school spirit, and students’ and teachers’ level of pride, which were stronger in minority settings.
La comparabilité des échantillons dans les enquêtes de l’international association for the evaluation of educational achievement
Authors: Blais Jean-Guy
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This research and practice note is intended to offer a perspective on interpreting student results from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement TIMSS 2003 survey, specifically focussing on the sampling plan of participating schools and students. The observations can therefore be extended to other surveys of that kind, where the focus is not on mathematics.
Perceptions of Evaluation Capacity Building in the United States: A Descriptive Study of American Evaluation Association Members
Authors: Fleischer Dreolin Nesbitt , Christie Christina A. , LaVelle Katherine B.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article offers a descriptive picture of American Evaluation Association (AEA) members’ attitudes and perceptions related to evaluation capacity building (ECB). For this study, we analyzed data that were originally collected in the spring of 2006 from 1,140 AEA members in the United States on evaluation use. The current study is an attempt to add to the ECB knowledge base by describing respondents’ views concerning (a) the importance of ECB as an evaluation approach, (b) the role of evaluators in undertaking ECB-related activities, (c) ECB-related factors that influence use, and (d) the extent to which evaluation activities foster organizational learning and change outcomes. Respondents are largely familiar with ECB and agree that building evaluation capacity is a role of the evaluator. Linkages between organizational learning and ECB were supported. Learning-focused organizational outcomes were rated more favourably than change-focused organizational outcomes.
Evaluation Capacity Building in the Schools: Administrator-Led and Teacher-Led Perspectives
Authors: Lawrenz Frances , Thomas Kelli , Huffman Douglas , Clarkson Lesa Covington
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe evaluation capacity building using an immersion approach in two schools: one with an administrator-led process and one with a teacher-led process. The descriptions delineate conceptual, developmental, and sustainability aspects of capacity building through the perspectives of the teachers, principals, and evaluation specialists. The immersion approach to evaluation capacity building highlights the distinctions between developing capacity for using evaluation information and the capacity to conduct evaluations, and provides insight into the use of direct and indirect approaches to building capacity. The two cases also showcase the roles played by ownership in developing evaluation capacity, especially sustainability.
A Bumpy Journey to Evaluation Capacity: A Case Study of Evaluation Capacity Building in a Private Foundation
Authors: Volkov Boris
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Evaluation capacity building (ECB) processes were explored through a case study of the ECB efforts of a private foundation that had solid financial resources, intelligent staff, an internal evaluation officer, and access to prominent evaluation consultants. The overarching research question was: What are the factors that affect the ECB process in an organization? The research design included in-depth interviews, surveys, document analysis, and observations involving a sample of the foundation staff and external consultants. This article illuminates the complexity of the organization’s experiences with building evaluation capacity and provides insights on what must be considered when developing a viable evaluation function in organizations.
Using Evaluation Capacity Building (ECB) to Interpret Evaluation Strategy and Practice in the United States National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Compton Donald W. , MacDonald Goldie , Baizerman Michael , Schooley Michael , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supports state programs for the prevention and control of tobacco use through the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP). OSH provides the NTCP with expert guidance and technical assistance on tobacco use control and disease surveillance as well as evaluation of tobacco control programs. These services fit national health goals and provide data to inform national and state policy making and program planning. However, the NTCP’s delivery of services, achievement of goals, and evaluation of efforts is hindered by fluctuations in dedicated state funds to support tobacco use prevention and control programs. To maximize effort and resources, evaluation capacity building (ECB) is a strategy for strengthening evaluation services, program efficiency, and program effectiveness, that is, program improvement. This article interprets NTCP using an ECB frame to learn the utility of this approach for making suggestions for structural and practice changes that lead to program improvement.
Challenges and Approaches to Evaluating Comprehensive Complex Tobacco Control Strategies
Authors: Schwartz Robert , Pais Gillian
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Challenges to evaluating comprehensive complex strategies revolve around addressing comprehensiveness, attribution, and complexity. The latter requires attention to synergies amongst interventions, feedback loops, and other forms of nonlinearity. The article reviews and assesses how well six approaches to evaluating strategies succeed in dealing with these challenges, including one developed in light of the initial review. None of the approaches offer ideal solutions to the challenges of complexity. The quantified logic model approach suggests the need to simplify and refrain from trying to assess all causal chains in complex strategies. Intervention path contribution analysis, an approach under development, explores the possibilities of using contribution analysis to validate evaluative propositions developed from literature, program theory, and incomplete evaluative information. Greater understanding of synergies, feedback loops, and nonlinearity in general requires accumulation of knowledge over time from thoughtful strategy evaluations under a variety of contexts.
Successful Evaluation Management: Engaging Mind and Spirit
Authors: Hawkins Penny
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The key to a successful or unsuccessful evaluation is often the quality of the relationship between evaluators and their clients. This article examines the social rather than technical aspects of evaluation and how this can affect the outcome. The author discusses the critical interactions and responsibilities of the evaluation manager and the evaluation practitioner when an evaluation is contracted out. Practice guidance is offered in how to manage an evaluation contract to a successful conclusion.
Évaluer une intervention complexe : enjeux conceptuels, méthodologiques, et opérationnels
Authors: Contandriopoulos André-Pierre , Rey Lynda , Brousselle Astrid , Champagne François
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Theoretically, evaluation should help decision-makers address contemporary health system challenges. Paradoxically, the use of evaluation results by decision-makers remains poor, despite rapid development in the evaluation field. The level of use depends on the evaluator’s ability to account for the complexity of health-care systems. The complex nature of an intervention often compels evaluators to adopt unconventional approaches to account for the roles of the players. The evaluation of a complex intervention raises conceptual, methodological, and operational challenges the evaluation has to overcome to increase the level of use of its findings by decision-makers.
Results of the Paris Declaration Evaluation
Authors: Wood Bernard , Betts Julia
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness comprised principles and specific commitments for improving development aid processes, accepted by an unprecedented coalition of developing countries and aid donors. The Synthesis Evaluation used data from a variety of sources to answer questions on (a) the relevance of the Declaration and its implementation for aid effectiveness, (b) the actual record of implementation, (c) contributions to aid effectiveness and development results, (d) changing burdens of aid management, (e) added value of Paris Declaration-style development cooperation, and (f) key implications for future aid effectiveness. Conclusions of the synthesis evaluation and recommendations aimed at policy makers in partner countries and donor agencies are presented. The campaign to make aid programs more effective is relevant and showing results. But improvements are slow and uneven in most developing countries and especially among donor agencies. The Declaration’s original aspirations are neither fully implemented nor yet outdated.
The Emerging Field of Evaluation and the Growth of the Evaluation Profession: The Russian Experience
Authors: Kuzmin Alexey , Tsygankov Daniel
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Evaluation is an emerging field in Russia, and the authors have been intensively involved in it for over a decade. This article explores the evolution of evaluation capacity and describes the growth of evaluator competencies in Russia. It focuses on areas with extensive development: (a) the institutionalization of regulatory impact assessment in the public sector, (b) evaluation’s development in nongovernmental organizations, (c) the growth of monitoring and evaluation capacity in private foundations, and (d) the emergence of local independent evaluation consulting. Although no common definition of evaluator competencies exists in Russia, the role may be included in a professional registry currently under development.
Factors Influencing the Utilization of Results: A Case Study of an Evaluation of an Adult Day Care Program
Authors: Strang Vicki R. , Pearson Jean
Published: April 2023

Abstract: With increasing emphasis on outcome research in health care, there is concern about the poor utilization of evaluative research findings at the organizational level. This article examines the factors that influence utilization of results at a local agency and program level. The selected findings of an evaluation of one small adult day-care program will be used as a case study to illustrate the issues associated with these utilization factors. Three broad categories will be addressed in the discussion: structural factors, factors associated with the research process itself, and factors related to the organizational climate of the agency.
A Level-Three Evaluation of Five Marketing Classes
Authors: Spencer-Cooke Ben
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study reflects the movement in American business toward measurement of education’s impact on business practice. The evaluation measured the extent to which concepts taught in five marketing classes were put into practice, and determined concept implementation factors. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. Using a t-test to compare pre- and post-class scores, the author found that 16% of the behaviors had a significantly changed score. Though modest, the findings suggest a real transfer of learning to the workplace after only limited exposure to concepts. Overall, graduates were more likely to clearly identify research questions, determine the potential usefulness and timeliness of research data, get management buy-in, and select more appropriate methodologies. Factors that affected implementation include resources, management support, clear objectives, and openness to new ideas. Prescriptive implications include reinforcing concepts and, more importantly, educating management about the importance/impact of using appropriate marketing techniques.
An Attempt to Integrate Empowerment Evaluation and Crosscultural Evaluation
Authors: Russon Craig , Russon Karen
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Western countries currently donate large sums of money to developing countries. This money is used to fund programs that provide humanitarian assistance, protect the environment, build democracy, and encourage economic growth. In the implementation of such programs, donor agencies often adopt a top-down approach in which intended beneficiaries have little involvement. Empowerment evaluation could be used as a tool for over coming this problem. Empowerment evaluation is, as the name implies, a collection of evaluation techniques that promote the empowerment process. The empowerment process has been thought of as having five stages, and evaluation can play an important role in most of these stages.
La prévention du SIDA chez les jeunes non intégrés au réseau scolaire: évaluation du projet Tête à Queue
Authors: Richard Lucie , Kishchuk Natalie , Cloutier Richard , Bonney Deborah
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This paper presents both the procedure and the results of an evaluation of Tête à Queue, a condom promotion magazine for youth outside the school system. Three studies were conducted: a survey among practitioners, an experimental study to test the effects of the magazine on youths’ attitudes and intentions regarding condom use, and a critical analysis of the controversy that surrounded the diffusion of the magazine. Results show that aspects related to the definition of the target population, diffusion strategy, and some specific contents account for some of the difficulties encountered during the course of the project.
The Delphi Technique as a Method for Increasing Inclusion in the Evaluation Process
Authors: Christie Christina A. , Barela Eric
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The question of how best to integrate the views of underrepresented and marginalized groups in the evaluation process is of critical importance to many evaluation theorists and practitioners. In this article the Delphi technique, a method used to achieve consensus on a set of issues with the participation of all interested parties without incident or confrontation that could compromise the validity of collected data, is offered as a procedure for enhancing marginalized group participation in the evaluation process. Demonstrated by a case example, the Delphi technique is used to help ensure that all relevant stakeholders have a voice and that sometimes-silenced voices have equal influence. As a result, it is suggested that this technique lends itself to implementation with social justice evaluation models. The benefits of and lessons learned when using the Delphi technique to promote marginalized group participation and representation in evaluations are discussed.
Participatory Needs Assessment
Authors: Ross John A. , Jaafar Sonia Ben
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Needs assessments are typically conducted exclusively by practitioners at the cost of quality or entirely by external evaluators at the cost of relevance. This article makes a case for participatory needs assessment, which we define as a systematic approach to setting organizational priorities in which trained evaluators and program stakeholders share responsibility for all substantive and procedural decisions. We outline potential advantages and three critical challenges: enlisting genuine participation by program staff, reducing time demands on stakeholders, and maintaining evaluation quality. We conducted a case study in which 81 stakeholders worked with an external evaluator to identify and prioritize needs in one school district. The district developed nine strategies for dealing with the challenges of participatory needs assessment. The result was a needs assessment that reached relatively high levels of utilization (support for discrete decisions, conceptual use, and process use) and moderately high levels of quality, particularly with regard to credibility with users. We argue that participatory needs assessment is an appropriate extension of participatory approaches to program evaluation.
Quand une république s’expose au regard de citoyens-évaluateurs
Authors: Kellerhals Christophe
Published: April 2023

Abstract: In 1995, the Canton of Geneva inaugurated an External Public Policy Evaluation Commission, a unique body in Switzerland. Both powers, Parliament and Government, share an independent body to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of public intervention. This committee, composed of 16 citizen-evaluators, can choose its subjects and focus and has the ability to contribute some unexpected critical elements. Since its establishment 11 years ago, 19 evaluation reports have been published. They describe effects on target groups and beneficiaries. The themes covered are important and diverse: housing, social security benefits, unemployment, tax systems, public transport, and the like. Recommendations have been followed by the Government fairly closely.
Conceptualizing Research Impact: The Case of Education Research
Authors: Amo Courtney
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This qualitative study aims at conceptualizing research impact generally by studying the specific case of research impact in the field of education. An analysis process akin to grounded theory was applied to the analysis of sections of reports provided by educational researchers. Literature on the subject of research impact was used to substantiate and complete the portrait of educational research impact that emerged from the data. The resulting conceptual framework proposes five interdependent stages, each one characteristic of certain categories of research impact that are typically interrelated in time and in terms of researcher control. It is hoped that this conceptual framework will help program evaluators and researchers tackle the larger task of uncovering and arguing the meaningfulness of alternative ways of measuring the impacts of research in the social sciences and humanities.
Reliability of the Canadian Incidence Study Data Collection Instrument
Authors: Knoke Della , Trocmé Nico , MacLaurin Bruce , Fallon Barbara
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) provides national estimates of the scope and characteristics of reported child maltreatment. It is the most comprehensive source of information about maltreated children in Canada. The data are used to inform policy and, in secondary analyses, to examine correlates of maltreatment and relationships among case characteristics and service responses. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CIS instrument is essential to establish confidence in the data collected and the estimates generated. This study examines the test re-test reliability of the CIS instrument.
Designing and Applying Project Fidelity Assessment for a Teacher Implemented Middle School Instructional Improvement Pilot Intervention
Authors: Skolits Gary J. , Richards Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article argues that intervention pilot test evaluations have focused insufficient attention on the measurement of project fidelity and the subsequent use of fidelity results for (a) interpreting variations in project outcomes and (b) understanding the rationale for teachers’ deviations from implementation protocols. The authors report on the establishment and application of an evaluation methodology for measuring and analyzing implementation fidelity for a middle school instructional improvement pilot project. The authors found that the highest implementation fidelity scores were not correlated with the most desirable project outcomes, as lower fidelity scores—in the 70–79% range—produced the most favourable gains on pre-post student outcomes. Moreover, application of the fidelity evaluation methodology provided insight into teacher deviation from implementation protocols; such deviation from the implementation protocols typically reflected meaningful professional classroom judgements.
L’évaluation d’un programme innovant: le programme de soutien et de renforcement des liaisons universités-industries et de recherche dite de transfert (LUI)
Authors: Lachapelle Guy , Desranleau Claude
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article discusses the evaluation of an experimental Québec government program (LUI) aimed at increasing the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge between universities and industry by means of grants to research centers. The evaluation covers the relevance, effectiveness, performance and impact of the program. Evaluation problems, methodology and results of the quasi-experimental study are examined and recommendations are made concerning the LUI program.
The Delphi Method: A Review of Methodology and an Application in the Evaluation of a Higher Education Program
Authors: Boberg Alice L. , Morris-Khoo Sheryl A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The first section of this article details the history of the Delphi method, explains the method, and describes when it should be used. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are reviewed. The second section discusses the application of a Delphi method in a review of a higher education program.
Construction d’un programme en santé communautaire: du projet planifié à l’action implantée
Authors: Demers Andrée , Maltais Danielle , Trickey Francine
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article describes the implementation of a program seeking to transform a low-rent, “social housing” establishment for the elderly into an establishment offering “sheltered housing.” Modifications made to the program during the course of implementation are addressed by the authors as natural occurrences, inherent in the construction of any innovative program and its installation in a new context. The analysis focuses on processes of mutual adjustment between the program and the milieu. The results demonstrate the iterative nature of actors’ rationality, showing how certain choices rejected at the time of planning may gradually became acceptable, or even imperative, during the implementation process. The authors reconsider the sequence of evaluation, particularly the role of evaluating the relevance of a program during the development phase.
Knowledge Required to Perform the Duties of an Evaluator
Authors: Caron Daniel J.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to link tasks performed by evaluators to the knowledge required to perform those tasks. It first describes the role of evaluation and the evaluation process in as general terms as possible. Second, it classifies the tasks identified in the process according to the phases of the evaluation process and the nature of the task roles within an evaluation. This gives two categories of tasks: technical and strategic. Those tasks are then assigned to modules of knowledge required to perform an evaluation. Third, a correlation table is developed showing the links between the various phases of the evaluation, the task categories, the tasks, and the knowledge modules. Lastly, a list of courses is suggested to form the nucleus of a study program in evaluation.