bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening, Looking, and Learning with MacLang
Authors: Frommer Judith
Published: June 2022

This article describes how the capabilities of the MacLang authoring system allow the teacher to create computer-assisted instruction that fulfills the listening needs of foreign language courses. Examples are given of the use of audio and video interfaces which facilitate listening comprehension.
Banquet Address—CALICO '89 at the U.S. Air Force Academy
Authors: Bush Mike
Published: June 2022

Banquet Address—CALICO '89 at the U.S. Air Force Academy
Technological Convergence Under Windows: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
Authors: Mullen, Jr. Donal C.
Published: June 2022

This article will discuss the various windowing systems which are currently (or will be shortly) available. The difficulties of developing under these new environments will lead into a discussion of object-oriented programming techniques and how they can be used to facilitate the development of complex windows-based programs.
Skills-in-Context and Student Modeling
Authors: Bailin Alan
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the use of student models in computer-assisted language instruction (CAI) software. It examines three standard techniques for modeling student knowledge, and shows why they do not work well for CALI. It then argues that modeling which focuses on skills in specific contexts is particularly suitable for language learning because the ability to use skills appropriately is a crucial aspect of knowing a language. The way in which skills-in-context modeling can be applied is discussed in relation to DIAGNOSIS, a program developed recently by the author and his colleague Philip Thomson.
Tomorrow's Foreign Language Textbook: Paper Or Silicon?
Authors: Smith Gary A.
Published: June 2022

CALICO '91 Symposium Luncheon Address
ICALI Research Investigations in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Bailin Alan
Published: June 2022

ICALI research constitutes an experimental scientific investigation of language teaching and learning. Moreover, because language teaching and learning are two ways in which we use language, such research is also an investigation of language use.
Assessing User Needs in Early Stages of Program Development
Authors: Davis James N. , Lyman-Hager Mary Ann , Hayden Susan B.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we argue that software developers should use a combination of methodologies to determine the reading difficulties of lower-level foreign language students. During the pre-production phases of our program, ClearText, we asked students of third-semester French at Pennsylvania State University to read a passage in French. One group circled all the unknown words and expressions in the passage; other students wrote the definitions of words we had underlined in the text; the last group wrote recall protocols based upon what they remembered from their reading. We demonstrate that each of these assessment instruments was necessary in product development in order for us to identify the different types of foreign language reading problems encountered by students at this instructional level.
Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training
Authors: Stenson Nancy , Downing Bruce , Smith Jan , Smith Karin
Published: June 2022

The IBM SpeechViewer was used in tutorial sessions within a program of training for international teaching assistants (ITAs) to examine the value of computer-based displays of speech in the teaching of pronunciation. ITAs' improvement from pre-test to post-test was not significantly greater than that shown by a control group who did not use SpeechViewer; possible explanations for lack of significance are discussed. By contrast, subjective evaluations from both ITAs and instructors indicated great enthusiasm for SpeechViewer and point to its value as a motivating tool.
Bernard Lonergan’s Insight – A Methodological Examination
Authors: Robinson John N.C.
Published: June 2022

This chapter critically reconstructs the argument advanced by Lonergan in Insight in which he seeks to examine the structure of knowing consisting in the three stages of experience, insight and judgment. His argument is compared with that advanced in Newman’s A Grammar of Assent and preliminary consideration is given to its implications for interfaith dialogue.
Conclusion
Authors: Robinson John N.C.
Published: June 2022

The conclusion considers the results of the epistemological experiment undertaken in this book and seeks to examine their application to the field of interreligious dialogue. These are considered in the context of the rival truth claims that characterise religious pluralism, and wider questions pertaining to Lonergan’s argument in Insight are also considered.
FGS and Education
Authors: Yao Yu-Shuang , Gombrich Richard
Published: June 2022

The authors begin this chapter with a short review of the history of Buddhist education since the Chinese Xinhai revolution of 1911. In 1967 Hsing Yun founded a seminary (now a women's college), near Kaohsiung in southern Taiwan. This was the first of what has become a college/seminary system which has trained vast numbers of monastics both in Taiwan and overseas. The authors describe the system itself including providing in an appendix, the course curriculum. The chapter also covers Hsing Yun's educational activities beyond the seminary and suggest that his manner of operating these might be described as "Confucian paternalism."
ON GETTING STARTED
Authors: Russell John R.
Published: June 2022

Now that the revolution in information technology no longer has a cachet of novelty and even the august Modern LanguageAssociation has acknowledged its presence, there is hope that computer-assisted instruction will in the immediate future assume itsdeserved role in foreign language instruction. One can also hope that CALICO may become the clearing house that has been so sorelylacking for the many experiments in the field over the last score of years.
An approach on the vibro-acoustic properties of composite sandwich plates with foam core
Authors: Thinh Tran Ich
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an approach is proposed and presented to tackle the vibro-acoustic properties of finite clamped composite sandwich plates with foam core. Composite sandwich plates are treated as being orthotropic and the apparent bending stiffnesses are calculated for the two principal directions. The apparent bending stiffnesses of composite sandwich plate are estimated by finite element calculation on beam elements cut from the considered composite sandwich plates. The sound transmission loss of clamped composite sandwich plates is predicted using orthotropic Kirchhoff’s plate theory, together with the obtained bending stiffnesses in two principal directions. Several sound transmission loss measurements were conducted in the laboratory on fiberglass/polyester composite sandwich plates with polyurethane foam core. The predicted sound transmission loss is compared with measured data and the agreement is reasonable.
Solving Electric Transmission Line Wave Equations via Double Gupta Transform
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Gupta Rohit , Verma Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

The term electric transmission line adds up to a set of wires belonging to upright electrical conductors furnished with outstanding electric insulation, and operated for transmission of electric energy. Normally, the popular wave equations of electric transmission lines are looked over by the Fourier integral transform, Laplace transform, and techniques of variation of parameter. These techniques are very convenient for looking up differential equations. The Gupta transform is a fresh integral transform that has been put in to look up initial value problems that appear in distinct areas of science and engineering. This paper hands out with solving the wave equations on an electric transmission line with inconsequential leakages through electric insulation to ground via Double Gupta transform. The Double Gupta transform will pan out to be a very fruitful mathematical device put in to look up the popular electric transmission line wave equations.
Designing the Golden Calf: Pens and Presumption in the Production of a “Divine” Image
Authors: VanDyke Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

This article reexamines the creation of the golden calf in Exod 32:4a. Though the text in question is brief, it has been a puzzle to translators and commentators since the time of the LXX and warrants reassessment in light of new inscriptional and linguistic data. Syntactical analysis and comparative Semitics show that Aaron not only produced the calf but designed it as well. This interpretation requires glossing the verb in the passage, , according to its cognates in Akkadian and Aramaic as “to draw” or “to design.” The resulting translation solves the grammatical difficulties of the text and fits a greater cultural concern for the “divine design” of cultic objects. I will also suggest that the implement Aaron used to design the calf was not an engraving tool but a rush pen. Artifacts from Egypt as well as from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud evidence how ancient scribes sketched, played with, and practiced their craft with ink and pen before creating a final product. Understanding the tool in this manner also suits its usage in Isa 8:1 as a writing instrument used on a large piece of papyrus. In sum, the translation “and he designed it with a rush pen and made it into a cast-metal calf” solves the grammatical and lexical difficulties of the passage while adding to our understanding of Exodus’s overall polemic against the bovine image.
Isaiah 55–66 and the Psalms: Shared Viewpoints, Literary Similarities, and Neighboring Authors
Authors: Berges Ulrich
Published: June 2022

One of the main results of the last thirty years of research on the books of Isaiah and Psalms is that both are not just collections of individual texts but well-organized compositions. This is not unique to Isaiah and Psalms but applies to every book of the Old Testament. What is very special about these two books, however, is the centrality of Zion, the contrast of the righteous and the wicked, the inclusion of non-Israelites, the singing to YHWH, and the reservation regarding the sacrificial cult. A few scholars have already put forward the idea of temple singers as collective authors, who had begun their oratorio of hope in the Babylonian exile and continued it after their return to Jerusalem under Darius, connecting it to the literary heritage of Isaiah ben Amoz and his disciples. In this article, I further test the closeness of Isaiah and Psalms by analyzing some striking similarities between Isa 55–66 and the book of Psalms. The goal of this research is not to prove the identity of the authors of both compositions but to substantiate their intellectual neighborhood in postexilic times.
Daniel and the Diadochi
Authors: Gallagher Edmon L.
Published: June 2022

Three verses in the book of Daniel describe the Hellenistic world as divided into four segments (Dan 8:8, 22; 11:4). The history of interpretation of the book of Daniel displays a remarkable readiness, even among critical scholars, to take this scheme literally and to press Hellenistic history into the mold supplied by Daniel’s apocalyptic visions. Daniel commentators agree, for instance, in understanding the four new horns of the goat in Dan 8 as representative of the Diadochi, the successors of Alexander the Great in the late fourth century BCE, but they disagree on precisely which Diadochi the apocalyptic seer had in mind. An examination of our classical sources for early Hellenistic history, particularly the most detailed source, Diodorus Siculus, demonstrates the near futility of trying to identify precisely four parts of the post-Alexander Macedonian Empire. In the present article, I find a symbolic interpretation of the number four to be the most satisfying, but I also make some suggestions for how to understand the number literally as a representation of the Hellenistic world. Nevertheless, commentators taking the number “four” in Dan 8:8, 22; 11:4 as a straightforward and simple reference to a historical reality have underestimated the chaos of the decades following Alexander’s death.
Sketch as a Documentary Source for Attribution of Altai Stone-Cutting Products of the Late 18th Century
Authors:   St Petersburg Mining University, St Petersburg, Borovkova Natalia V.
Published: June 2022

This article studies one of the relevant issues of Russian stone-cutting arts of the turn of the nineteenth century, i.e. the problems of attribution of Altai stone-cutting works. The author carries out a comparison of graphic materials with images of stone-cutting products from the Lokot’ Altai Factory. The author singles out sets of images of stone objects from the Lokot’ Stone-Cutting Factory kept in the funds of the State Hermitage Museum and the Altai State Museum of Local Lore, which makes it possible to get a more comprehensive idea of the history of the development of Russian stone-cutting art, dispel persistent myths, and shed light on the activity of an almost forgotten unique production. Particular attention is paid to the organisation of stone-cutting production in Russia starting with the second half of the eighteenth century, as well as the administration of the Kolyvan’ factories in the management system of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. The author closely examines the system of orders, production, and performance of Russian grinding factories. For the first time in this research field, much attention is paid to the systems of documenting every step of stone-cutting production from the stonecutters to presentation to customers. The author confirms the fact that the Lokot’ Factory used already tested projects of the Peterhof Granite Factory as samples for their production. The article presents drawings of stone objects made during the work of the Lokot’ Polishing Factory in the Kolyvano-Voskresensky mountain district of Altai. The results of this scholarly research may be used to conduct an examination of objects of decorative and applied art. In the course of the study, it is proposed to distinguish between two periods in Altai stone-cutting art: Lokot’ (1786–1799) and Kolyvan’ (1802 — present) and based on the collected graphic materials attribute the works of two stone-cutting enterprises of Altai of the late eighteenth — nineteenth centuries. The graphic materials referred to in the study are an array of historical and archival sources of a high documentary value for the attribution of stone-cutting products made by Altai masters.
Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de residentes multiprofissionais em saúde
Authors: Pai Daiane Dal , Olino Luciana , Eich Lidiellen , Lautenchleger Raquel , Fernandes Marcelo Nunes da Silva , Tavares Juliana Petri
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar fatores associados à qualidade de vida de residentes multiprofissionais em saúde. Métodos: delineamento transversal e analítico, realizado com 94 residentes que responderam a um questionário contendo dados gerais, o Maslach Burnout Inventory, o Self-Reporting Questionnaire e o World Health Quality of Life. Os dados foram submetidos à regressão linear múltipla, considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: os distúrbios psíquicos menores incrementaram, respectivamente, 0,31, 0,64 e 0,35 nos domínios Físico, Psicológico e Geral da qualidade de vida. O Desgaste emocional apresentou influência inversa de 0,28 sobre os domínios Físico e Meio ambiente. A Satisfação com a residência incrementou em 0,20 o desfecho geral da qualidade de vida; Residir sozinho, em 0,02 o domínio Psicológico; e a Raça/cor, em 0,19 o domínio Meio ambiente. Conclusões: existe relação entre Desgaste emocional do burnout, Distúrbios psíquicos menores e a qualidade de vida de residentes multiprofissionais.
Abordagem passo a passo para reabertura de instituição de ensino superior brasileira na pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Padoveze Maria Clara , Szylit Regina , Vattimo Maria de Fátima Fernandes , Pereira Erica Gomes , Nichiata Lúcia Yasuko Izumi
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a experiência de reabertura de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: relato das experiências vivenciadas no plano de abordagem passo a passo para reabertura de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira de Enfermagem em São Paulo, Brasil, no período de maio/2020 a maio/2021. Resultados: o plano foi construído e operacionalizado por um grupo com estudantes, docentes e servidores técnico-administrativos. As reuniões semanais ou quinzenais ocorreram conforme as mudanças no panorama epidemiológico e a necessidade de revisão das ações técnicas e políticas locais. Conclusões: sugerimos que o plano de reabertura na pandemia de COVID-19 seja legitimado política e tecnicamente entre todos os membros da comunidade de uma instituição de ensino superior para que ocorra, de forma ágil e sustentada, a identificação precoce de casos de COVID-19 e a adoção de medidas administrativas locais visando reduzir o risco de surtos.
Estratégia educativa para desenvolver competências gerenciais em estudantes de Enfermagem para atuação hospitalar
Authors: Leal Laura Andrian , Silva Aline Teixeira , Ignácio Daniela Sarreta , Soares Mirelle Inácio , Ribeiro Nilva Maria , Henriques Silvia Helena
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: aplicar e analisar estratégia educativa para desenvolver competências gerenciais em discentes de Enfermagem para atuação hospitalar. Métodos: estudo exploratório, de intervenção, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado de fevereiro de 2020 a 2021. Participaram 54 discentes de Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Aplicaram-se 13 oficinas de discussão com discentes sobre casos gerenciais. Posteriormente, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas. Utilizou-se análise temática indutiva. Resultados: os estudos de caso abordaram as competências gerenciais de comunicação, tomada de decisão, liderança e relacionamento interpessoal. Após intervenção, realizou-se mediante entrevistas avaliação da estratégia utilizada, em que foram identificados aspectos positivos quanto a aquisição de conhecimentos; e outros limitantes, como tempo limitado para discussão dos casos. Considerações Finais: as oficinas mostraram-se eficazes como estratégias de ensino aos discentes, agregando novos saberes gerenciais que deverão auxiliar seu desempenho como futuros enfermeiros, capazes de reflexão, enquanto sujeito construtor do conhecimento para a prática profissional da enfermagem.
Rotatividade e qualidade do emprego no Brasil
Authors: GONZAGA GUSTAVO
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Vários estudos recentes mostraram que o principal problema do mercado brasileiro parece ser o baixo nível de qualidade do emprego, e não a falta de criação de empregos. Este artigo reúne novas evidências sobre esse tema, principalmente sobre rotatividade de mão-de-obra. De fato, o Brasil apresenta a maior rotatividade de mão-de-obra do mundo por medidas comparáveis. O artigo também estuda como uma alta rotatividade de mão-de-obra pode explicar parcialmente a baixa qualidade dos empregos observados no Brasil. O argumento teórico é que a produtividade do trabalho depende essencialmente do nível de capital humano, seja geral - através da educação básica - ou específico - através de treinamento no trabalho. Como uma alta rotatividade de mão de obra desestimula o investimento em treinamento, reduz o capital humano específico e, portanto, a produtividade do trabalho. Por fim, são propostas algumas mudanças na legislação do mercado de trabalho, com o objetivo de reduzir a rotatividade e aumentar a qualidade do trabalho.
De paradigmas e mitos: notas sobre os fundos de pensão chilenos
Authors: NITSCH MANFRED , SCHWARZER HELMUT
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O documento avalia a reforma previdenciária chilena do início dos anos 80, contrastando resultados preliminares após 15 anos de operação com as promessas incorporadas nas propostas originalmente feitas. Atenção especial é dada aos seguintes tópicos: transparência, eficiência, cobertura, benefícios oferecidos, questões demográficas, efeitos de economia e papel do Estado. O texto conclui afirmando que as promessas feitas não foram necessariamente cumpridas e que os países latino-americanos devem pensar com cuidado se a mudança para os regimes de aposentadoria de idade avançada com recursos chilenos é realmente capaz de oferecer uma solução abrangente para os atuais problemas de seguridade social.
Evolução recente das rendas per capita estaduais no Brasil
Authors: FERREIRA AFONSO HENRIQUES BORGES
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é atualizar a análise do processo de convergência da renda per capita do estado no Brasil, utilizando novos dados para o período 1986-1995. Os índices L e T de Theil são usados para mostrar que o processo de convergência, observado entre 1970 e 1985 e relatado em trabalhos anteriores, parou desde 1987. Algumas explicações possíveis para esse resultado também são exploradas.
Moeda e cultura: elementos para uma abordagem institucional da moeda
Authors: ANJOS JR. MOACIR DOS
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o caráter institucional do dinheiro e examinar as condições necessárias para preservá-lo como operador social. O dinheiro é uma instituição social, porque é central para a manutenção de práticas sociais necessárias para a criação de riqueza produtiva e, portanto, para a reprodução material das economias capitalistas modernas. Além disso, como o circuito produtivo é uma das esferas daquelas economias em que “paixões” privadas e “interesses sociais” podem ser reconciliados, o dinheiro é apresentado como um elemento de coesão social. Argumenta-se, no entanto, que somente se a confiança na manutenção da “unidade das funções do dinheiro” persistir, o dinheiro poderá ser preservado como instituição social. A confiança, em suma, mostra-se emergir de um processo cognitivo incorporado em padrões culturais específicos, nos quais as informações são geradas, transmitidas e reforçadas, gerando gradualmente hábitos e convenções a serem seguidos pelos agentes econômicos.
A economia de curto prazo de Richard Kahn e os primórdios da teoria do oligopólio: uma contribuição à história do pensamento econômico contemporâneo
Authors: HELLER CLAUDIA
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a história do pensamento econômico contemporâneo. Ele lida com a dissertação de bolsa de estudos de Richard Kahn e sua influência no desenvolvimento da teoria da competição imperfeita e na teoria do oligopólio. Ele discute a alegação do autor de ser o primeiro a criar a “curva de demanda dobrada” mesmo antes do início do trabalho do Grupo de Pesquisa Econômica de Oxford. Ele também argumenta que ele desenvolveu uma maneira de medir o “grau de monopólio” antes de Kalecki.
Fatores determinantes dos salários relativos: um estudo empírico com dados primários para a região metropolitana do Recife
Authors: BARROS ALEXANDRE RANDS , BARROS MAURÍCIO RANDS
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta algumas hipóteses sobre a determinação de salários e baseia-se em uma pesquisa com 210 questionários aplicados a trabalhadores em Recife para testá-los empiricamente. As principais conclusões são: (i) O capital humano é um fator importante na determinação dos salários reais e o ambiente doméstico é crucial para sua acumulação; (ii) a força de negociação dos trabalhadores, medida pelo modelo sindical, bem como o tamanho e a propriedade da empresa, também são fatores relevantes para determinar o salário real; (iii) a afiliação de sindicatos à Central Única dos Trabalhadores aumenta os salários; (iv) a idade é uma variável relevante para determinar os salários, mas apenas no conjunto que inclui empresas estatais; (v) o número de dependentes também é relevante para determinar os salários relativos; e (vi) os salários para as mulheres são mais baixos que para os homens.
Is environment perception associated with change in leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian older adults? Results of EpiFloripa Idoso cohort study
Authors: Paiva Neto Francisco Timbó de , Confortin Susana Cararo , Santos Ana Carolina Belther , d’Orsi Eleonora , Rech Cassiano Ricardo
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the association between perceived characteristics of the neighborhood environment and changes in leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian older adults. Longitudinal analysis was performed considering a population-based study carried out in 2009/2010 with follow-up in 2013/2014. Changes in leisure-time physical activity, obtained with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire during both waves, were associated with data of environment perception with the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale - Abbreviated (baseline only) performing multinomial logistic regression. In total, 1,162 older adults (65.2% women, mean age = 73.7 years) participated. Older adults who perceived flat streets, bicycle paths, and high flow of vehicles in the neighborhood were more likely to remain active in leisure time walking. Those who noticed the presence of flat streets also had a greater chance of becoming active than those who did not notice it. Older adults who perceived bicycle paths and sports events were more likely to maintain moderate and vigorous physical activity during leisure time. Furthermore, older adults who noticed parks and squares close to their residence were 0.49 times less likely to become insufficiently active. Brazilian older adults are more active in neighborhoods with more favorable attributes regarding leisure-time physical activity.
Características Climatológicas dos Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Jacinto Leandro Valente , Eloi Waleska Martins , Sakamoto Meiry Sayuri
Published: June 2022

Resumo As características meteorológicas de uma determinada região são de grande importância na manutenção das atividades humanas, uma vez que afetam a sociedade tanto de maneira positiva quanto negativa. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar as principais características dos Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala (SCMs) no Nordeste do Brasil (NEB). Utilizando o ForTraCC, um algoritmo para rastreamento de aglomerados convectivos, as seguintes características foram analisadas: ciclo de vida, distribuição espacial, período de maior frequência e o tamanho. Os resultados mostram que anualmente ocorrem, em média, 321 (±137) SCMs no NEB. O mês de março é o que apresenta a maior frequência na ocorrência de SCMs, enquanto agosto a menor. O quadrimestre fevereiro-março-abril-maio (FMAM) é o período com maior ocorrência de SCMs. No NEB, os SCMs se formam com uma frequência maior durante o dia, além de possuir um tempo médio de duração de 7 h (±5 h) e atingirem o estágio de maduro após 3 ou 4 h de sua gênese. Na fase de maturação, o tamanho médio é de 50.020 km2 (±86.453 km2). A densidade de gênese dos SCMs no NEB é maior sobre o continente do que sobre o oceano Atlântico Tropical e ocorre de forma desigual no território.
A resiliência das grandes cidades brasileiras e a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Costa Nilson do Rosário
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi descrever a resiliência do gasto governamental com Ações e Serviços Públicos de Saúde (ASPS) no Brasil durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em 2020. Demonstra-se que o desenvolvimento do setor público de saúde contemporâneo foi baseado no federalismo cooperativo. Nesse contexto, a participação municipal no financiamento foi consolidada em torno do pacto da vinculação orçamentária entre os níveis da federação (governo central, estados e municípios). Com base nos indicadores do Sistema de Informação sobre Orçamento Público de Saúde (Siops)/DataSUS/Ministério da Saúde, descrevem-se o Índice de Vinculação Orçamentária e a resiliência da amostra de 87 municípios com elevada disponibilidade orçamentária. Expõe-se que o governo central retirou o apoio à expansão das despesas com ASPS, estabilizando a alocação de seus recursos por meio do veto à vinculação orçamentária. A mudança de orientação federal transferiu o ônus da expansão do financiamento aos governos municipais e estaduais nas últimas décadas. Conclui-se que a estabilização das despesas federais foi compensada pelo crescimento da vinculação do orçamento municipal com as ASPS. Durante o primeiro ciclo da pandemia da Covid-19, a vinculação orçamentária foi crucial para a expansão do financiamento das ASPS na maioria dos municípios da amostra, possibilitando a condição resiliente.
The resilience of large Brazilian cities and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Costa Nilson do Rosário
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to describe the resilience of the Federal Government’s fund of Public Health Actions and Services (ASPS) in Brazil during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that the development of the contemporary public health sector was based on cooperative federalism. In this context, municipal participation in financing was consolidated around the constitutional agreement of budget binding between the levels of the Brazilian federation (Central Government, states, and municipalities). The Budget Binding Index (BBI) and the resilience of the sample of 87 municipalities with a high budget are described from the Public Health Budget Information System (SIOPS) indicators, available at DataSUS/Ministry of Health. The paper shows that the central government withdrew its support for increased ASPS expenditure in the last decade, stabilizing the allocation of its resources through the veto on budget binding. The change in federal orientation shifted the burden of expanding financing to municipal and state governments. The paper concludes that the increase in municipal expenditures offset the stabilization of federal expenditures. Budget binding was crucial to the resilience of ASPS funding in most municipalities in the sample during the first cycle of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Desigualdade social e vulnerabilidade dos povos indígenas no enfrentamento da Covid-19: um olhar dos atores nas lives
Authors: Suárez-Mutis Martha Cecilia , Gomes Marcelly de Freitas , Marchon-Silva Verônica , Cunha Maria Luiza Silva , Peiter Paulo Cesar , Cruz Marly Marques da , Souza e Souza Michele , Casanova Angela Oliveira
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A pandemia da Covid-19 tem evidenciado as profundas desigualdades da sociedade brasileira para o enfrentamento adequado dessa catástrofe sanitária. Este estudo buscou compreender as repercussões da Covid-19 nos povos indígenas brasileiros e a sua forma de organização no contexto de desigualdade social e vulnerabilidade. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir da análise de lives. A busca foi feita via plataforma YouTube usando como descritores “coronavírus e indígena” e “covid e população indígena”, totalizando 56 lives – que permitiram analisar diversos olhares para o enfrentamento da pandemia, sendo evidente que o ponto de partida para prevenção, vigilância, atenção em saúde e comunicação da Covid-19 entre os povos indígenas é totalmente diferente do resto da população. O protagonismo da sociedade civil indígena está sendo extremamente relevante para o enfrentamento da pandemia. A profunda desigualdade social e as múltiplas vulnerabilidades dos povos indígenas são realidades que devem ser entendidas para superar os enormes desafios produzidos, não somente pela Covid-19, mas fundamentalmente pelo atual contexto de invisibilização, desconhecimento e ataque às sociedades indígenas brasileiras. O controle social ficou muito fragilizado, e urge seu fortalecimento para criar um modelo de saúde diferenciado que realmente contemple os interesses e modos de vida desses povos.
Social inequality and vulnerability of Indigenous peoples facing COVID-19: a perspective by stakeholders in the lives
Authors: Suárez-Mutis Martha Cecilia , Gomes Marcelly de Freitas , Marchon-Silva Verônica , Cunha Maria Luiza Silva , Peiter Paulo Cesar , Cruz Marly Marques da , Souza e Souza Michele , Casanova Angela Oliveira
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the deep inequalities of Brazilian society to address this health-related catastrophe. This study aimed to understand the repercussions of COVID-19 on Brazilian Indigenous peoples and how they organize in the context of social inequalities and vulnerabilities. Qualitative research was conducted based on the analysis of ‘lives’. The search was performed on YouTube using descriptors “coronavirus and Indigenous” and “COVID and Indigenous population”, totaling 56 live events, which allowed us to analyze different perspectives on the fight against the pandemic showing that the starting point for COVID-19 prevention, surveillance, health care, and communication among Indigenous peoples is different from the rest of the population. The leading role of the Indigenous civil society is highly relevant to the fight against the pandemic. The profound inequality and the multiple vulnerabilities of Indigenous peoples are realities that must be understood to overcome the enormous challenges produced not only by COVID-19 and, fundamentally, the current context of invisibility, ignorance, and attack on Brazilian Indigenous societies. Social control has been weakened, and its strengthening is urgent to create a differentiated health model that considers these people’s interests and ways of life.
Covid-19 e Doenças Negligenciadas ante as desigualdades no Brasil: uma questão de desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Diniz Denise Scofano , Teixeira Eliane dos Santos , Almeida Wânia Guimarães Rabêllo de , Souza Marina Santiago de Mello
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A pandemia de Covid-19 tem levado os países periféricos, como o Brasil, a se confrontarem não apenas com novos desafios, mas com a exacerbação de tantos outros que sequer foram solucionados. Os inúmeros problemas decorrentes da pandemia atingem de maneira desigual a população tanto no que diz respeito ao acesso ao tratamento assistencial quanto às medidas para mitigar a contaminação. O presente artigo parte da hipótese de as profundas desigualdades sociais em saúde, associadas a fatores políticos e econômicos que perpassam a sociedade brasileira, integrarem condicionantes que poderão levar a Covid-19 ser incluída no grupo de Doenças Negligenciadas. Por meio de revisão de literatura não sistematizada, levanta as principais características referentes aos aspectos clínicos e às demandas ao sistema de proteção social brasileiro, analisando os pontos de contato entre ambas, tendo como base a matriz comum das desigualdades sociais. Acredita-se que os caminhos possíveis para que essa hipótese não se confirme será apostar na elaboração de políticas públicas com ênfase na solidariedade, nos direitos humanos, no fortalecimento da governança global e no agir ético de cada pessoa rumo ao desenvolvimento sustentável para todo o planeta.
COVID-19 and Neglected Diseases in the face of inequalities in Brazil: a matter of sustainable development
Authors: Diniz Denise Scofano , Teixeira Eliane dos Santos , Almeida Wânia Guimarães Rabêllo de , Souza Marina Santiago de Mello
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has led underdeveloped countries, such as Brazil, to face not only new challenges, but the exacerbation of so many others that have not even been solved. The countless problems resulting from the pandemic affect the population in an unequal way, both with regard to access to care treatment and measures to mitigate contamination. This article starts from the hypothesis that the deep social inequalities in health, associated with political and economic factors that permeate Brazilian society, integrate conditions that could lead to COVID-19 becoming part of the group of Neglected Diseases. Through a non-systematic literature review, it raises the main characteristics related to the clinical aspects and the demands of the Brazilian social protection system, analyzing the points of contact between them, based on the common matrix of social inequalities. It is believed that the possible ways for this hypothesis not to be confirmed will be to invest in the elaboration of public policies with an emphasis on solidarity, human rights, the strengthening of global governance and the ethical action of each person towards sustainable development for the entire planet.
Concessão privatista do saneamento e a incidência da Covid-19 em favelas do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Martins Adriana Sotero , Salles Maria José , Carvajal Elvira , Moura Priscila Gonçalves , Martin Luis Eduardo , Santos Rejany Ferreira dos , Aguiar-Oliveira Maria de Lourdes
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a relação espacial dos indicadores de saneamento (acesso à água e ao esgoto), considerando a modelagem da concessão da Companhia Estadual de Águas e Esgotos do Rio de Janeiro (Cedae), e a sua possível relação com a incidência da Covid-19, nos bairros com e sem áreas de favelas. Os dados de casos confirmados da Covid-19 analisados foram obtidos no Painel Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Foi considerado o fracionamento do município em quatro blocos regionais. Nos 163 bairros da cidade, a taxa de incidência média foi de 9,78 casos/1.000 hab. Os bairros com as menores taxa de incidência foram aqueles com predominância de aglomerados subnormais (favelas), baixa renda per capita e cobertura de saneamento, sugerindo maior lacuna de testagem e subnotificação de casos. Reduzir a inequidade e o racismo estrutural deveria ser prioritário. A sindemia da Covid-19 contribuiu fortemente para perdas socioeconômicas e de saúde pública significativas. Em um cenário de reconstrução, é imprescindível retomar o compromisso para com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas.
Privatizing sanitation concessions and the incidence of COVID-19 in slums in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Martins Adriana Sotero , Salles Maria José , Carvajal Elvira , Moura Priscila Gonçalves , Martin Luis Eduardo , Santos Rejany Ferreira dos , Aguiar-Oliveira Maria de Lourdes
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This assessment aimed to evaluate the putative spatial relationship between sanitation indicators (access to water and sewage) considering the Rio de Janeiro State Water and Sewage Company (CEDAE) parameters and the COVID-19 incidence among districts with and without slum areas. The data of confirmed COVID-19 cases analyzed were obtained from the Rio de Janeiro Health Panel. We considered the division of the municipality into four regional blocks. The mean COVID-19 incidence was 9.78 cases/1,000 inhabitants in the 163 city districts. The lowest COVID-19 incidence rate was most reported in slum regions, with lower per capita income and sanitation coverage, suggesting a significant gap in testing and case underreporting. Reducing inequality and structural racism should be a priority. The COVID-19 syndemic strongly contributed to significant socioeconomic and public health losses. Our commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 agenda of the United Nations is pivotal in a backdrop of reconstruction.
Do ‘Mais Médicos’ à pandemia de Covid-19: duplo negacionismo na atuação da corporação médica brasileira
Authors: Dias Henrique Sant’Anna , Lima Luciana Dias de , Lobo Maria Stella de Castro
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O ensaio analisa a dinâmica de atuação corporativa da medicina brasileira na pandemia de Covid-19, de março de 2020 a julho de 2021, a partir de documentos e material institucional das entidades médicas nacionais, de organizações estudantis e de coletivos de médicos de expressão nacional, além de matérias jornalísticas e publicações da literatura científica sobre o tema. O período é marcado pela politização da agenda corporativa e pelo alinhamento com os discursos negacionistas do governo de Jair Bolsonaro. Argumenta-se que esse processo é resultado de uma politização anterior: o embate contra o Programa Mais Médicos no período de 2013, ano de seu lançamento, a 2019, quando foi encerrado pelo governo. Os dois momentos históricos revelam um duplo negacionismo da corporação médica – acentuando fragilidades, contradições e dilemas da encruzilhada da profissão – que exigirá diálogos internos e com a sociedade, para novos consensos da identidade corporativa e do projeto profissional da medicina. A compreensão dos entrelaçamentos, disputas e sentidos das dinâmicas e rumos da atuação corporativa da medicina permitem identificar problemas estruturais de raízes políticas que impedem maiores avanços na consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Gender and the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences
Authors: Sousa Ana Cristina Augusto de , Costa Delaine Martins , Pereira Sabrina Rodrigues , Lago Regina Ferro do
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences, which incorporates gender issues into the COVID-19 pandemic studies. We searched for publications in the bibliographic health databases; their results were categorized into thematic axes and then analyzed. Our work does not only aim to characterize how gender asymmetry is addressed in health sciences but also acknowledges the repercussions of the pandemic pointed out on women’s health. Women suffered severely from increased unemployment, domestic overload, partner violence, emotional disorders, and their quality of life, showing that political actions to fight the pandemic, when not inspected through the lens of gender inequalities, potentially prompt more significant vulnerabilities for groups already vulnerable before the health crisis, such as women, notably when racialized and poor, which also includes proper professional qualification of the primary care network and health professionals with regards to gender approaches, as noted in the literature reviewed.
Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) association on physicochemical and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based cement
Authors: Oliveira Maria Carolina Guiotti de , Queiroz Índia Olinta de Azevedo , Machado Thiago , Garrido Lorena de Mello Alcântara , Oliveira Sandra Helena Penha de , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: June 2022

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based repair cement containing diclofenac sodium (CERD). For the physicochemical test, MTA, Biodentine and CERD were mixed and cement disc were prepared to evaluate the setting time and radiopacity. Root-end cavity were performed in acrylic teeth and filled with cements to analyze the solubility up to 7 days. Polyethylene tubes containing cements were prepared and calcium ions and pH were measured at 3h, 24h, 72h and 15 days. For the biological test, SAOS-2 were cultivated, exposed to cements extracts and cell proliferation were investigated by MTT assay at 6h, 24h and 48h. Polyethylene tubes containing cements were implanted into Wistar rats. After 7 and 30 days, the tubes were removed and processed for histological analyses. Parametric and nonparametric data were performed. No difference was identified in relation to setting time, radiopacity and solubility. Biodentine released more calcium ion than MTA and CERD; however, no difference between MTA and CERD were detected. Alkaline pH was observed for all cements and Biodentine exhibited highest pH. All cements promoted a raise on cell proliferation at 24h and 48h, except CERD at 48h. Biodentine stimulated cell metabolism in relation to MTA and CERD while CERD was more cytotoxic than MTA at 48h. Besides, no difference on both inflammatory response and mineralization ability for all cement were found. CERD demonstrated similar proprieties to others endodontic cements available.
Does ultrasonic activation improve the bond strength and root canal filling quality of endodontic sealers?
Authors: Padoin Karine , Bohrer Thais Camponogara , Ceolin Lucas Galle , Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da , Morgental Renata Dornelles
Published: June 2022

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) of three endodontic sealers on the bond strength to root dentin and root canal filling quality. Ninety six bovine incisors were instrumented and root canal filling was carried out using AH Plus (AP), Sealer Plus (SP), or Sealer Plus BC (BC), with or without UA (n=16/group). Two 1.5-mm slices were obtained from each root third. The first slice was subjected to push-out testing and failure mode analysis, while the second was observed under a stereomicroscope for filling quality assessment. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (α=0.05). SP showed higher bond strength and fewer voids than BC in the apical third and when root thirds data were pooled. SP also had higher bond strength compared with AH Plus in the apical third. UA improved the bond strength when BC was used but did not affect the filling quality of any sealer. There were no significant differences between the ultrasonically activated sealers regarding bond strength and filling quality. When root thirds were compared, the bond strength was similar along the root, but there was a tendency to worsen filling quality, with more voids, in the apical segment. In conclusion, UA was effective in increasing the bond strength of the calcium silicate-based sealer but did not improve its filling quality. For the epoxy resin-based sealers, these properties were not affected by UA.
Morphometric descriptive report of scleral ossicle rings, by ultrasound and computed tomography, in three Testudines specimens
Authors: Andrade Stelamares Boyda de , Araujo Nayone Lima Lantyer Cordeiro de , Raposo Ana Cláudia Santos , Muramoto Caterina , Oriá Arianne Pontes
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: The scleral ossicle rings function has been related to mechanical protection, muscle fixation, support for eyeball shape and visual accommodation. There are few morphobiometric reports on these rings in different Testudines species, and we performed ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) of the scleral ossicle rings in one green turtle (Chelonia mydas), one black-bellied slider (Trachemys dorbigni) and one red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius). The US and CT of the ossicle rings were performed for anatomical identification. The thickness, density, width, and diameters of each ring were measured. The US and CT of the scleral ossicle rings of three animals showed single and continuous circular structures, located in the anterior pole. These structures were easily observed in C. mydas, whose rings were the biggest, thickest and widest. The T. dorbigni CT presented decreased dimensions and the ossicles were the most difficult to identify. Bone density in the superior region was greater than in the inferior of each ring in all animals. Non-invasive imaging exams are good tools to study the anatomy of the ocular skeleton. The scleral ossicle rings of the three specimens presented general morphological similarities and CT enabled visualizing a greater number of details of the ring bone morphology.