bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Multistep Protocols in the Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Cutaneous Melanoma: An Assessment of 194 Cases
Authors: Gill Pavandeep , Howell Jenika , Naugler Christopher , Daoud Marie S. Abi
Published: March 2019

Context.—

Currently, no universal protocol exists for the assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in cutaneous melanoma. Many institutions use a multistep approach with multiple hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical stains. However, this can be a costly and time- and resource-consuming task.

Objective.—

To assess the utility for multistep protocols in the analysis of melanoma SLNs by specifically evaluating the Calgary Laboratory Services (CLS) protocol (which consists of 3 H&E slides and 1 S100 protein, 1 HMB-45, and 1 Melan-A slide per melanoma SLN block) and to develop a more streamlined protocol.

Design.—

Histologic slides from SLN resections from 194 patients with diagnosed cutaneous melanoma were submitted to the CLS dermatopathology group. Tissue blocks were processed according to the CLS SLN protocol. The slides were re-reviewed to determine whether or not metastatic melanoma was identified microscopically at each step of the protocol. Using SPSS software, a decision tree was then created to determine which step most accurately reflected the true diagnosis.

Results.—

We found with Melan-A immunostain that 337 of 337 negative SLNs (100%) were correctly diagnosed as negative and 55 of 56 positive nodes (98.2%) were correctly diagnosed as positive. With the addition of an H&E level, 393 of 393 SLNs (100%) were accurately diagnosed.

Conclusions.—

We recommend routine melanoma SLN evaluation protocols be limited to 2 slides: 1 H&E stain and 1 Melan-A stain. This protocol is both time- and cost-efficient and yields high diagnostic accuracy.
A ENCICLOPÉDIA, O SABER E O SER DO MUNDO
Authors: Auroux Sylvain
Published: March 2019

Texto originalmente publicado em: AUROUX, Sylvain. I - L’Encyclopédie, le savoir et l’être du monde. In: AUROUX, Sylvain. Barbarie et Philosophie. Paris cedex 14, France: Presses Universitaires de France, 1990; p. 25-44.Tradução de Phellipe Marcel da Silva Esteves.
Melilla : cien años de hallazgos arqueológicos
Authors: Saro Gandarillas Francisco
Published: March 2019

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Distribución y Habitat de las algas de las costas de Melilla
Authors: Granda Vera Ángel
Published: March 2019

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Acercamiento a la sociolingüística
Authors: Marcos Casquero Mª del Carmen
Published: March 2019

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El problema de España en África según Azorín
Authors: Payá Bernabé José
Published: March 2019

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Miguel Fernández, crítico de Gabriel Celaya
Authors: Chicharro Chamorro Antonio
Published: March 2019

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Miguel Fernández : los territorios espirituales
Authors: Lupiáñez José
Published: March 2019

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A propósito de las "sombras" que pueblan la poesía de Miguel Fernández : "El muchacho de chaleco rojo"
Authors: Cáceres Sánchez Manuel
Published: March 2019

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La figura de Miguel Delibes en la cultura europea finisecular: proyección y análisis
Authors: Vega Martín Cecilia
Published: March 2019

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Las hermandades de "Los negros" y del "Pecado mortal": dos manifestaciones religiosas en la Málaga de los siglos XVI y XVII.
Authors: Quiles Faz Amparo
Published: March 2019

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Vinculación histórica entre Castilla y América a lo largo de cinco siglos
Authors: Ruiz de la Parte María Teresa
Published: March 2019

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Construcción de la realidad poética: el poeta como personaje y la realidad como ficción: Luis A. de Villena
Authors: Picardo Osvaldo
Published: March 2019

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Algunos aspectos del Quijote
Authors: Crespo Ricardo
Published: March 2019

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África romana
Authors: González Serrano Pilar
Published: March 2019

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La conquista de Mauritania y el milagro de la lluvia del año 43 d. C.
Authors: Montero Herrero Santiago
Published: March 2019

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La navegación en el mundo antiguo. Mercantes fenicios y cartagineses
Authors: Guerrero Ayuso Víctor M.
Published: March 2019

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Un nuevo país. ¿Y ahora qué? La integración de los inmigrantes afroasiáticos
Authors: Santiago y Miras María Ángeles
Published: March 2019

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Crónicas portuguesas de la Guerra Civil de España. Los informes del Vicecónsul portugués en Fernando Poo (14 de agosto-31 de octubre de 1936)
Authors: Burgos Madroñero Manuel
Published: March 2019

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La exposición internacional de Artes Decorativas e Industriales Modernas de París de 1925 y la crítica española
Authors: Pérez Rojas Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

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Oran, une ville de fortifications
Authors: Kouider Metair
Published: March 2019

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La alcazaba de Frajana, un modelo de fortificación islámica en el siglo XIX
Authors: Bravo Nieto Antonio
Published: March 2019

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Revolución de los jazmines en Túnez: posibles repercusiones en Melilla a través de Marruecos
Authors: García Ayala Jesús A.
Published: March 2019

La “Revolución de los jazmines en Túnez” ha actuado de catalizador en países cuyas sociedades presentan características análogas. En el caso de Marruecos dicho suceso y sus contagios no pueden ignorarse, dadas las similitudes de múltiples factores concurrentes; entre las incógnitas, está la gestión de la crisis por las autoridades y la reacción futura de la sociedad. Respecto a Melilla, no puede ignorarse una eventual repercusión negativa en el caso de una desestabilización marroquí; por tanto, deben determinarse las circunstancias propiciatorias y los contenidos perjudiciales. Para ello se analizan determinados factores concurrentes en Túnez, Egipto, Libia y Marruecos. Se sugieren además medidas preventivas susceptibles de activación por las autoridades españolas.The “Revolution of jasmines in Tunisia” has acted of catalyst in countries whose societies present analogous characteristics. In the case of Morocco this event and its contagions cannot be ignored, given the similarities of multiple concurrent factors; between the incognitos, it is the management of the crisis by the authorities and the future reaction of the society. With respect to Melilla, a possible negative repercussion in the case of a Moroccan destabilization cannot be ignored; therefore, the propitiatory circumstances and detrimental contents must be determined. For it certain concurrent factors in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Morocco are analyzed. They are suggested in addition preventive measure susceptible to activation by the Spanish authorities.
Halal, un concepto global
Authors: Escudero Uribe Hanif
Published: March 2019

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Chafarinas durante el siglo XX
Authors: Esquembri Hinojo Carlos
Published: March 2019

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Un dictamen médico del siglo XVIII. La confrontación crítica entre los doctores Thomas Exarch y Joseph Guiral sobre Pedro Zermeño
Authors: Hernández Cardona Ángel M. , Bravo Nieto Antonio
Published: March 2019

Se presenta la edición crítica de un trabajo, de naturaleza médica, publicado en 1735, y escrito por los doctores Thomas Exarch y Joseph Guiral. En sendos dictámenes, ambos doctores exponían sus ideas sobre el paciente Pedro Zermeño, aquejado de epilepsia. El trabajo expresa las ideas y el conocimiento que se tenía de esta afección en esos años, y también nos refleja el testimonio de una época, en una ciudad como Melilla y con unos personajes que llegaron a tener una gran relevancia en el campo de la Ingeniería militar española del siglo XVIII: Juan Martín Zermeño y Pedro Zermeño.It talks about the critical edition of a medical work that was published in 1735, and written by the doctors Thomas Exarch and Joseph Guiral. In these opinions, both doctors exposed their ideas about the patient Pedro Zermeño, afflicted of epilepsy. The work expresses the ideas and knowledge that was had of this illness in those years and it also reflects the testimony of an era, in a city as Melilla and with characters who managed to have a great relevancy in the field of the military Spanish Engineering of the 18th century: Juan Martín Zermeño and Pedro Zermeño.
Un informe de Magín Berdós y Blasco del año 1841 sobre los hospitales de Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera y Peñón de Alhucemas
Authors: Hernández Cardona Ángel Manuel , Gámez Gómez Sonia
Published: March 2019

En el año 1840 un prestigioso médico militar, Magín Berdós Blasco recibía la orden de realizar una visita de inspección técnica a los hospitales de Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera y Peñón de Alhucemas. El resultado de esta inspección fue un informe que nos permite conocer de primera mano la realidad sanitaria de estas fortalezas, con su organización y sus deficiencias, así como las recomendaciones que se hacían para mejorar su situación.In the year 1840 a prestigious military doctor, Magín Berdós Blasco, received the order to make a technical inspection visit to hospitals of Melilla, Peñon de Velez de la Gomera and Peñon de Alhucemas. The result of this inspection was a report which allow us to know first-hand the sanity reality of these fortresses, with their organization and their deficiencies as well as the recommendations that were done in order to improve their situation.
José M. Alvárez de Sotomayor, un poeta olvidado
Authors: Perales Larios Pedro J.
Published: March 2019

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Un arquitecto de origen español
Authors: Verdugo Lamarche Claudio
Published: March 2019

Un arquitecto de origen español, Claudio Verdugo Lamarche, es una reflexión autobiográfica que recorre la vida profesional de un arquitecto español, nacido en Casablanca y de formación francesa, y que intenta profundizar en la propia profesión del arquitecto. El texto refleja los objetivos y valores de este profesional y consigue establecer un hilo no sólo cronológico, sino ético a lo largo de una dilatada trayectoria por los cuatro continentes. Destaca su participación activa en los Congresos Internacional de Arquitectura, siendo miembro destacado de la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos.An architect of Spanish origin, Claudio Verdugo Lamarche, it is a autobiographical reflection that goes through the professional life of a Spanish architect who was born in Casablanca and of French training, he tries to go in depth in the own architect profession. The text shows the aims and values of this professional, it also manages to establish a thread not only chronologically but ethically along an extensive trajectory for four continents. His active participation in international congresses of architecture is remarkable, being a distinguished member of the Architects’ International Union.
La población de Melilla en 1756, ratificación de la Virgen de la Victoria como Patrona
Authors: Migallón Aguilar Isabel María
Published: March 2019

El siglo XVIII fue una época de grandes cambios en la monarquía española y por tanto en el gobierno de las diferentes provincias. Melilla, sobre todo en la primera mitad, vivió unos años de relativa tranquilidad, sobre todo bajo el mandato del gobernador Antonio de Villalba y Angulo. Además de las construcciones defensivas realizadas, los melillenses también tuvieron una dedicación especial para con su Patrona, la Virgen de la Victoria a la que en 1756 quisieron ratificar como tal.The eighteenth century was a time of great change in the Spanish monarchy and therefore the government of the different provinces. Melilla, especially in the first half a year of relative calm lived, especially under the leadership of Governor Antonio de Villalba y Angulo. In addition to the defensive constructions, Melilla also had a special dedication to his patron, the Virgen de la Victoria which in 1756 refused to ratify it as such.
Los servicios del capitán Miguel de Perea en la armada de guarda de la flota de Indias
Authors: Corbalán de Celis y Durán Juan
Published: March 2019

El capitán Miguel de Perea, soldado que se moverá en el arte de la guerra entre los conocimientos de la Edad Media y el Renacimiento, será capaz de emplearse en los distintos ramos de la milicia, siendo un militar reconocido en su tiempo por dos hechos de cierta importancia que protagonizó en su carrera militar, la toma del estandarte real en la batalla de Noáin, y la captura de una nao del rey de Francia. Hoy se le recuerda sobre todo por sus trabajos como ingeniero en las defensas de Melilla. Tras una breve semblanza del personaje, nos adentramos en sus servicios en la armada de guarda, detallando su viaje a Canarias y la toma de dicha nao, deshaciendo el error de la noticia recogida sobre su enfrentamiento a una numerosa escuadra francesa, y terminamos con una reseña sobre su estancia y fallecimiento en Melilla.Captain Miguel de Perea, army man who navigate in the art of war between the knowledge and skills of the middle Ages and the Renaissance. Was proficient in all the different branches of the army, being valued because of two fairly important facts that he achieved during his carrier. The capturing of the Royal banner at the battle of Noáin and the capture of one caravel owned by the King of France. Today is remembered mainly because of his work as an engineer on Melilla fortifications. After a short biographical sketch of the figure, we enter in detail of his service at the guard fleet, detailing his trip to the Canary Island and the capturing of the caravel, clarifying the errors on the news saying about confronting a large French fleet. Concluding with a review about his time and decease in Melilla.
La abogacía de Melilla y la UNED
Authors: Imbroda Ortiz Blas Jesús
Published: March 2019

El artículo realiza un recorrido histórico por muchos aspectos que vinculan el desarrollo de la abogacía en Melilla con la formación en la carrera de Derecho impartida en el Centro Universitario UNED Melilla. Tras valorar históricamente la constitución del Colegio de Abogados de Melilla, y sus primeros pasos, el autor vincula la importancia que el Centro UNED ha tenido en el mundo de la abogacía melillense, en su constitución y el importante peso en cuanto a las titulaciones obtenidas en esta universidad en los componentes actuales del citado Colegio. También se abordan importantes hitos en el desarrollo cultural y formativo, jornadas, conferencias y donde también se produce esta estrecha colaboración entre instituciones.This article realises a historical tour throughout many aspects that link the legal profession development in Melilla with the academic training in law degree at the university center “UNED Melilla”. After valuing historically, the formation of the Bar Association in Melilla, and its first steps, the author links the importance that the centre UNED has had in the world of legal profession amongst Melilla’s inhabitants, in its creation and in the importance weight according to the degrees obtained in the current components of the mentioned Bar in this university. Furthermore, important milestones are dealing with the cultural and educational development, conferences, speeches where it is produced a narrow cooperation between institutions.
Lucas Fernández Navarro. El primer geólogo español que pisó las islas Chafarinas
Authors: Barrera Morate José Luis
Published: March 2019

El geólogo Lucas Fernández Navarro fue el primer vulcanólogo español. Su carrera científica y académica en el Museo de Ciencias y en la Universidad Central (Madrid) le llevó a ser una figura eminente en la geología española y un vulcanólogo reconocido internacionalmente. A comienzos del siglo XX participó en varias de las expediciones científicas que la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural organizó por la zona del protectorado español en Marruecos, que marcaron su carrera científica, principalmente en el conocimiento volcánico del territorio español tanto en África como en Canarias. Fue el primer geólogo español que pisó las islas Chafarinas. Alcanzó la cátedra de Cristalografía de la Universidad de Madrid y siempre se dedicó apasionadamente a sus tareas docentes e investigadoras hasta que una penosa enfermedad truncó su magnífico expediente.Lucas Fernández Navarro was the first Spanish volcanologist. His scientific and academic work at the Museo de Ciencias and at the Universidad Central (Madrid) led him to become an eminence in Spanish geology as well as an internationally renowned volcanologist. At the beginning of the twentieth century, he participated in several scientific expeditions which the Spanish Royal Society of Natural History organized in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. These expeditions marked his scientific career primarily in the knowledge of Spanish territory volcanology both in Africa and in the Canary Islands. Lucas Fernández was the first Spanish geologist who set foot on the Chafarinas Islands. He became professor of Crystallography at the Universidad de Madrid where he was fully dedicated to teaching and research until his sudden death cut short his magnificent career.
La revista "Aldaba", un nuevo número y un antiguo compromiso
Authors: Bravo Nieto Antonio
Published: March 2019

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Fuentes hemerográficas para la historia de Melilla : La Hemeroteca Municipal de Madrid
Authors: Moga Romero Vicente
Published: March 2019

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La enseñanza en Melilla durante la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera
Authors: García Alonso Mª Josefina
Published: March 2019

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La Compañía Española de Minas del Rif (1907-1984)
Authors: Sanmartín Solano Ginés
Published: March 2019

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El Intelectual y el compromiso religioso en una sociedad democrática
Authors: González Ruíz José Mª
Published: March 2019

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Las necrópolis púnica y romana de Melilla
Authors: Fernández de Castro y Pedrera Rafael
Published: March 2019

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The Impact of Dental Treatments on Blood Pressure Variations
Authors: OLMO GONZÁLEZ Belisa , GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN Miguel ángel , OLMO-VİLLASECA José Manuel , MAÑES-MEDİNA Anna , RİBERA-URİBE Manuel
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The aim was to determine whether there are alterations in the fluctuations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure or the heart rate of normotensive versus hypertensive participants undergoing antihypertensive treatment during surgical and non-surgical dental treatments, regarding whether or not anaesthetics were used with a vasoconstrictor.Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, epidemiological study was conducted in a sample of 200 participants older than 65 years (100 normotensive and 100 hypertensive participants on antihypertensive treatment). Five periods for evaluation were established. Demographic information was obtained regarding whether or not anaesthetics were used (with or without a vasoconstrictor) and whether or not the participants underwent surgical treatment. The statistical analysis consisted of a doubly multivariate analysis of repeated measures for multiple dependent variables.Results: Significant differences were observed in the evolution of systolic blood pressure, with an initial increase in participants undergoing surgical treatment and those without a vasoconstrictor. On the other hand, systolic blood pressure decreased with non-surgical treatments, but it remained stable with the use of a vasoconstrictor. Diastolic blood pressure showed no interaction effect in participants undergoing surgical or non-surgical treatments; with the use of a vasoconstrictor, it initially decreased, while in the absence of a vasoconstrictor, it increased. Heart rate initially decreased in participants undergoing surgical and non-surgical treatments and was analogous whether or not a vasoconstrictor was used.Conclusions: During blood pressure monitoring, blood pressure variations occur, but there is no clinical repercussion in participants because once the treatment is completed, the initial values are recovered. Arterial hypertension is a pathology of high prevalence that tends to increase with age. The blood pressure response to surgical and non-surgical dental treatments and the effect of local anaesthetics is important because follow-up and blood pressure control in older patient cohorts can improve dental and clinical management.
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma at an Early Age: 2 Year Case Follow-Up
Authors: COŞGUN Alem , ALTAN Halenur Altan , ALTAN Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a lesion which can be seen in all age groups and observed in the gingival and alveolar crest regions of the oral cavity. Although it is rare in children, it may show an aggressive character and cause pain, bleeding, localized swelling and displacement of teeth. The treatment and 2-year follow-up of a 6-year-old girl with PGCG is presented in this case report.
Humanities PhD Graduates: Desperately Seeking Careers?
Authors: McAlpine Lynn , Austin Nichole
Published: March 2019

National and international statistics show that across disciplines there are many more PhD graduates than academic positions. In fact, more than half of graduates find their careers outside the academy—though the kinds of positions they accept, their work satisfaction, and the relevance of their PhDs is much less clear. As regards scholarly studies on post-PhD careers, most have examined social scientists and scientists with little attention to humanities doctoral graduates. This study addresses this gap by exploring the career experiences of Canadian PhD humanities graduates through descriptive statistics and narrative analysis. Specifically, it highlights the PhD experiences and post-graduation career trajectories of 212 Canadian humanists from 24 universities who graduated between 2004 and 2014. The study offers insight into humanities career challenges, including during the PhD, the range of non-academic careers that humanists find, as well as their work satisfaction and the perceived relevance of the PhD.National and international statistics show that across disciplines there are many more PhD graduates than academic positions. In fact, more than half of graduates find their careers outside the academy—though the kinds of positions they accept, their work satisfaction, and the relevance of their PhDs is much less clear. As regards scholarly studies on post-PhD careers, most have examined social scientists and scientists with little attention to humanities doctoral graduates. This study addresses this gap by exploring the career experiences of Canadian PhD humanities graduates through descriptive statistics and narrative analysis. Specifically, it highlights the PhD experiences and post-graduation career trajectories of 212 Canadian humanists from 24 universities who graduated between 2004 and 2014. The study offers insight into humanities career challenges, including during the PhD, the range of non-academic careers that humanists find, as well as their work satisfaction and the perceived relevance of the PhD.
“Hungry for an Education”: Prevalence and Outcomes of Food Insecurity Among Students at a Primarily Undergraduate University in Rural Nova Scotia
Authors: Frank Lesley
Published: March 2019

This paper reports on food insecurity among students attending a university in rural Nova Scotia. In 2015, 1,030 students completed an online, 38-item cross-sectional survey. The results report that 38.1% of students experienced food insecurity during the previous 12 months. Food insecurity was statistically associated with living arrangements, source of funds for schooling, meal plans, and year of study. Poor overall health, poor mental health, high stress, and poor academic performance were significantly higher for food-insecure students. Students employed multiple coping strategies, with implications for academic success and long-term debt. Qualitative analysis revealed four themes related to insufficient money for food: inability to cover basic needs, health-related outcomes of persistent worry, loss of time from learning, and impacts on social life. This research demonstrates the need to re-evaluate funding policies for post-secondary education in Canada to ensure students can afford the costs of basic needs and educational costs.
Analyse de la gouvernance systémique des universités au Québec et comparaisons avec quatre autres provinces canadiennes
Authors: Bégin-Caouette Olivier , Trottier Claude , Eastman Julia , Jones Glen A. , Noumi Christian , Li Sharon X
Published: March 2019

Les sociétés du savoir ont de nombreuses exigences à l’égard des  universités ; or il est suggéré que ces dernières répondraient plus adéquatement à ces exigences lorsqu’elles sont autonomes (Altbach et Balán, 2007). Cet article vise à mettre en lumière diverses dimensions de l’encadrement du système universitaire québécois par l’État relativement à  l’autonomie des établissements et à comparer la situation québécoise avec celle ayant cours en Alberta, en Colombie-Britannique, en Ontario et en Nouvelle-Écosse. Une analyse thématique réalisée sur 77 documents officiels (dont 29 au Québec) et sur les transcriptions de 93 entrevues (dont 30 au Québec) a permis d’identifier trois grandes dimensions de la gouvernance systémique, soit le cadre législatif et réglementaire, le statut comptable et les règles budgétaires, ainsi que les interventions du gouvernement dans la gestion interne des universités. L’analyse révèle que l’autonomie dont jouissent les universités varie d’une province à l’autre : les universités néo-écossaises et ontariennes bénéficieraient de plus d’autonomie que leurs consœurs albertaines et britanno-colombiennes. Le Québec se situerait globalement au centre puisqu’il comprend deux secteurs universitaires dont les dimensions suggèrent des niveaux d’autonomie différents.
Edición y exportación de vídeo digital
Authors: Pujol Sònia
Published: March 2019

Esta actividad trabaja la creación, la introducción y la difuminación de elementos mediante la edición de vídeo digital y la exportación de los resultados en función de las necesidades de cada caso en particular. Todo por medio del software Adobe, principalmente, After Effects y Media Encoder.
Actividades destacadas de la Biennal Ciutat i Ciència de Barcelona
Authors: - Mosaic
Published: March 2019

Para la I Biennal Ciutat i Ciència de Barcelona se ha confeccionado un variado programa con enfoque divulgativo que explora áreas tan diversas como la nanociencia, el cambio climático, la robotización o los límites éticos de la ciencia con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre los retos actuales y futuros a los que se enfrentan las ciudades.
Replication Study: The microRNA miR-34a inhibits prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis by directly repressing CD44
Authors: Yan Xuefei , Tang Beibei , Chen Biao , Shan Yongli , Yang Huajun ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, Iorns Elizabeth , Tsui Rachel , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Errington Timothy M
Published: March 2019

As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, we published a Registered Report (Li et al., 2015), that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper ‘The microRNA miR-34a inhibits prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis by directly repressing CD44’ (Liu et al., 2011). Here we report the results. We found the microRNA, miR-34a, was expressed at twice the level in CD44+ prostate cancer cells purified from xenograft tumors (LAPC4 cells) compared to CD44- LAPC4 cells, whereas the original study reported miR-34a was underexpressed in CD44+ LAPC4 cells (Figure 1B; Liu et al., 2011). When LAPC4 cells engineered to express miR-34a were injected into mice, we did not observe changes in tumor growth or CD44 expression; however, unexpectedly miR-34a expression was lost in vivo. In the original study, LAPC4 cells expressing miR-34a had a statistically significant reduction in tumor regeneration and reduced CD44 expression compared to control (Figure 4A and Supplemental Figures 4A,B and 5C; Liu et al., 2011). Furthermore, when we tested if miR-34a regulated CD44 through binding sites in the 3’UTR we did not find a statistically significant difference, whereas the original study reported miR-34a decreased CD44 expression that was partially abrogated by mutation of the binding sites in the CD44 3’UTR (Figure 4D; Liu et al., 2011). Finally, where possible, we report meta-analyses for each result.
Habitat differentiation and conservation gap ofMagnolia biondii,M. denudata, andM. sprengeriin China
Authors: Song Chuangye , Liu Huiming
Published: March 2019

The flower buds ofMagnolia biondii,M. denudata, andM. sprengeriare the materials of Xinyi, a traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest of flower buds and habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance heavily threatens the natural regeneration and survival of these threeMagnoliaspecies. With the aim to support the conservation and improve the effectiveness of conservation, we performed an assessment on habitat suitability, influences of environmental variables on habitat suitability, and the conservation gap of these threeMagnoliaspecies, based on the Maxent modeling method. The results indicated that: (1) altitude, annual mean temperature, extreme temperature, temperature fluctuation, annual precipitation, and extreme precipitation are the most influential environmental variables for the distribution ofM. sprengeri,M. biondii, andM. denudata; (2) obvious habitat differentiations were observed amongM. biondii,M. denudata, andM. sprengeri. M. sprengeritends to be located in further northern areas with higher altitudes, lower temperatures, and lower precipitation compared toM. biondiiandM. denudata; and (3) a large proportion of suitable habitats have been left without protection. Woodland and forest shared the largest area out of the suitable habitats. However, grassland, agricultural land, residential land, and mining and industry areas also occupied large areas of suitable habitats.
A new ancient lineage of frog (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae: Astrobatrachinae subfam. nov.) endemic to the Western Ghats of Peninsular India
Authors: Vijayakumar Seenapuram Palaniswamy , Pyron Robert Alexander , Dinesh K. P. , Torsekar Varun R. , Srikanthan Achyuthan N. , Swamy Priyanka , Stanley Edward L. , Blackburn David C. , Shanker Kartik
Published: March 2019

The Western Ghats (WG) is an escarpment on the west coast of Peninsular India, housing one of the richest assemblages of frogs in the world, with three endemic families. Here, we report the discovery of a new ancient lineage from a high-elevation massif in the Wayanad Plateau of the southern WG. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the lineage belongs to Natatanura and clusters with Nyctibatrachidae, a family endemic to the WG/Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Based on geographic distribution, unique morphological traits, deep genetic divergence, and phylogenetic position that distinguishes the lineage from the two nyctibatrachid subfamilies Nyctibatrachinae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993 and Lankanectinae Dubois & Ohler, 2001, we erect a new subfamily Astrobatrachinaesubfam. nov.(endemic to the WG, Peninsular India), and describe a new genusAstrobatrachusgen. nov.and species,Astrobatrachus kurichiyanasp. nov.The discovery of this species adds to the list of deeply divergent and monotypic or depauperate lineages with narrow geographic ranges in the southern massifs of the WG. The southern regions of the WG have long been considered geographic and climatic refugia, and this new relict lineage underscores their evolutionary significance. The small range of this species exclusively outside protected areas highlights the significance of reserve forest tracts in the WG in housing evolutionary novelty. This reinforces the need for intensive sampling to uncover new lineages and advance our understanding of the historical biogeography of this ancient landmass.
Analysis of Seed Released and / or Registered in Nigeria from 1937-2013: The Success and the Gaps
Authors: Ajiboye Timothy Oluwafemi , Aladele Sunday E.
Published: March 2019

The National Crops Varieties and Livestock Breeds Registration and Release Committee in Nigeria is domiciled in the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Moor – Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Director/Chief Executive Officer of NACGRAB doubles as the Registrar of National Crops Varieties and Livestock Breeds Registration and Release Committee. Before the Promulgation of Decree 33 of 1987, there was no national institutional mechanism for the validation of claims by individual or institutions on the development of new crop varieties or institutions on the development of new crop varieties or livestock breeds. However from 1937 to 2013, thirty-six (36) different crops were released and / or registered in Nigeria. The ones previously released before Decree 33 of 1987 were retroactively registered in 1991. If the thirty-six (36) crops are grouped into nine (9) sub-divisions, we have root and tuber crops (72), legumes (82), cereals (248), vegetable crops (33), fruits, beverages and tree Crops (37), oil crops (7), spices crops (5), Latex crops (17) and fibre crops (15). The total number of released materials, as of 2013 were 516 crop varieties, however, there exists some gaps to be addressed.
Effect of Seasons, Mulching Materials, and Fruit Quality on a Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Variety
Authors: Ajibola Olufemi Victor , Amujoyegbe Bamidele Julius
Published: March 2019

Aims: The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of seasons (early raining and late raining) and mulching materials (Black polyethylene, White polyethylene, Grass-mulch and control) on marketable fruit yield of cucumber.

Study Design: The experimental design was a 4 x 4 factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on plant morphology and fruit components; number of leave, vine length, branch number, tendril number, stem diameter;  number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit weight, number of marketable fruits per plot and number of non-marketable fruit per plot and fruit yield per plot (converted to per hectare).

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out at Teaching and Research Farm of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria (located on longitude 04º33lE and latitude 08º28lN at 244 m above sea level) during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018.

Methodology: The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using (SAS, 2003 version). Means of significant treatments were separated using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Results: The obtained results revealed that seasons and mulching materials had significant effect on some of the parameters investigated. Late season significantly enhanced the fruit length, fruit weight and total fruit yield when compared with the early seasons. The mulching materials, black polyethylene mulching materials significantly enhanced the morphology and some of fruit components; fruit length and fruit weight while white plastic mulch significantly improved the number of fruit per plant, fruit diameter and total yield of cucumber at both early and late seasons followed by grass-mulch. However, control consistently produced the highest number of non-marketable fruits when compared with other treatments investigated. 

Conclusion: Therefore, planting of Poinsett76 variety towards the ending of raining seasons with the application of white plastic mulching is highly recommended for the small holder farmers.
Community Poultry Project for Conserving the Wildlife Species in Magombera Forest, Tanzania
Authors: Ngongolo Kelvin , Sigala Ezekiel , Mtoka Samuel
Published: March 2019

Aims: Poaching of wildlife is a major challenge in their conservation, including endemic ones like Procolobus gordonorum Matschie. Local communities in Udzungwa and Magombera poach for subsistence and small scale commerce. The Community poultry project adjacent to Magombera forest contributed towards enhancing the conservation of wildlife species through providing community with poultry as an alternative livelihood where meat and income can be generated in legal and convenient methods.

Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in communities surrounding the Magombera Forest in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. The study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019.

Methodology: Random semi-structured questionnaires with Likert scaling were administered to 119 local community members neighbouring the Magombera Forest.  A training workshop in which the participants were trained on veterinary and improved rearing practices in order to address the challenges were administered to 52 participants, followed by pre- and post-training evaluation questions that assessed the challenges and opportunity for poultry keeping.

Results: Sixty one percent of respondents reported that they kept chickens before training, after training all showed an inclination to keep chickens for meat and income generation. The respondents reported that challenges for poultry keeping are diseases control, market for products, rearing system and predators and parasites.

Conclusion: Training on poultry production to enhance conservation of biodiversity in Magombera forest is essential.  However from this study it is clear that crucial challenges (such as diseases) for successful poultry production, specified by local communities, need to be dealt with first.
Effect of Planting Method and Density on Initial Growth of Carya tonkinensis – a Multipurpose Tree
Authors: Thuan Vu Van , Hung Bui Kieu , Son Cao Dinh , Tuan Tran Anh , Do Ngo Van , Xoan Lo Thi Hong , Do Tran Van
Published: March 2019

Carya tonkinensis Lecomte is a multipurpose tree species, naturally distributing in India, China, and Vietnam. Extract from leaves of C. tonkinensis contains pinostrobin acting as anti-bacteria and anti-infection. It is used as traditional medicine. Seeds are edible and contain oil. In addition, seed cover can be used to produce activated charcoal. Therefore, growing C. tonkinensis may contribute to poverty reduction in mountainous areas. This study aims to analyze suitable planting method and density for growing C. tonkinensis in Son La province, Northwestern Vietnam. Three treatments in planting method were considered: mixed planting of C. tonkinensis and Chukrasia tabularis, pure planting and scattered planting. Four treatments in planting density were considered: 625 plants/ha, 830 plants/ha, 1,000 plants/ha and 1,100 plants/ha. Stem height and stump diameter (Do) were measured at one year after planting, and death trees were counted for survival rate. The results indicated that scattered planting is the most suitable for C. tonkinensis and pure planting could also be applied. Meanwhile, planting density of 625 plants/ha (spacing of 4 × 4 m) and 830 plants/ha (spacing of 3 × 4 m) achieved the best performance. In both planting densities, the survival rate of the plants achieved >90%, their growths were >80 cm in height and >0.8 cm in Do after planting one year. It is recommended that site preparation should be conducted by cutting bands of 2 m width and un-cutting bands of 2 m. In addition, seedlings of >1-year old, which are taller than 0.6 m, should be used to ensure higher survival and growths of plants.
Genomic DNA Diversity Analysis of Some Accessions of Oryza sativa L. for Breeding and Conservation Strategies
Authors: Osekita Oluwatoyin Sunday , Lewu Francis Bayo
Published: March 2019

Molecular characterization provides basic vital information on the degree of genetic diversity among genetic materials which guides development of breeding programme and inform strategies on genetic conservation of important accessions. A total of 21 SSR markers were used to characterize 25 rice genotypes. The 21 microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic and allele number per locus ranged from 3 alleles (RM 224, RM 229, RM 256, RM 413, RM 3, RM 276, RM 219, RM 88 and RM 349) to 5 alleles (RM 247 and RM 288), with a mean of 3.67 alleles through the 21 loci obtained in the study. The content value of the polymorphic information ranged from 0.372 in RM 88 to 0.503 in RM 256 with overall average of 0.422 in all the 21 loci. PIC values indicated that RM 256 was the best marker for the identification of the rice genotypes. The main allele frequency at each locus ranged from 54.5% (RM 219) to 69.3% (RM 229). The pairwise genetic dissimilarity co-efficient showed that the highest genetic distance was obtained between NERICA 2 and MR 220; NERICA 2 and MR 263; and finally between WITA 4 and NERICA 2 (76.0%). The lowest genetic dissimilarity was between NERICA 6 and NERICA 8 (19.0%) followed by WITA 4 and NERICA L 34; BW 348-1 and IWA 10 (24.0%). Intercrossing far related genotypes could yield hybrids of high heterosis using SSR marker. Cluster analysis revealed reasonable levels of locational groupings among the genotypes.
Effect of Nova Aminochelated-zinc on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Narayana P. Venkata , Rao Y. Sambasiva , Kumar A. Kiran , Sreekanth Y. , Basanth N.
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif, 2018 to study the effect of Nova Aminochelated-Zinc on growth, yield and yield components of rice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with six treatments T1: Control, T2: Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) without Zinc, T3: T2+5 ml l-1 Nova Ami-Zinc @TI and PI, T4:T2+2.5 gm l-1 ZnSO4 @TI and PI, T5: 5 ml l-1 Nova Ami-Zinc @TI and PI, T6: 2.5 gm l-1 ZnSO4 @TI and PI. Experiment revealed that application of RDF+5ml l-1 Nova Ami-Zinc @ TI and PI (T3) resulted in maximum Number of tillers m-2, Total number of Grains Panicle-1, Number of Filled Grains Panicle-1, Test weight and Grain Yield but application of RDF+2.5 gm l-1 ZnSO4 @TI and PI showed maximum height followed by application of RDF +5 ml l-1 Nova Ami-Zinc @ TI and PI.
FAM175B promotes apoptosis by inhibiting ATF4 ubiquitination in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yu Yang , Li Hengcun , Zhang Zheng , Guo Shuilong , Zhu Shengtao , Guo Qingdong , Li Peng , Min Li , Zhang Shutian
Published: March 2019

FAM175B is a reported regulator of p53 and suppresses tumorigenesis in numerous types of cancer, but very little is known about its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs), almost 70% of which exhibit mutations in p53. Here, we report that FAM175B expression is downregulated in high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (t = 2.44, P = 0.031) and ESCC (t = 5.664, P < 0.001) tissues relative to that in adjacent normal esophageal tissues. Exogenous expression of FAM175B in ESCC cells resulted in a decrease in proliferation rate, inhibition of colony formation, and an increase in apoptosis rate. Knockdown of FAM175B produced the opposite results. Furthermore, confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) colocalized and interacted with FAM175B. Ubiquitination assays revealed that FAM175B inhibited ubiquitin‐dependent ATF4 degradation and elevated ATF4 protein level. Finally, luciferase reporter experiments further clarified that FAM175B promoted CHOP expression in an ATF4‐dependent manner. Accordingly, the proapoptotic activity of FAM175B was significantly rescued by treatment with si‐ATF4 and the CHOP inhibitor 4‐PBA. In summary, FAM175B inhibited ATF4 ubiquitination and promoted ESCC cell apoptosis in a p53‐independent manner. FAM175B expression loss may be an early diagnostic biomarker in ESCC patients.
Production and Patterning of Liquid Phase–Exfoliated 2D Sheets for Applications in Optoelectronics
Authors: Witomska Samanta , Leydecker Tim , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: March 2019

2D materials (2DMs), which can be produced by exfoliating bulk crystals of layered materials, display unique optical and electrical properties, making them attractive components for a wide range of technological applications. This review describes the most recent developments in the production of high‐quality 2DMs based inks using liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE), combined with the patterning approaches, highlighting convenient and effective methods for generating materials and films with controlled thicknesses down to the atomic scale. Different processing strategies that can be employed to deposit the produced inks as patterns and functional thin‐films are introduced, by focusing on those that can be easily translated to the industrial scale such as coating, spraying, and various printing technologies. By providing insight into the multiscale analyses of numerous physical and chemical properties of these functional films and patterns, with a specific focus on their extraordinary electronic characteristics, this review offers the readers crucial information for a profound understanding of the fundamental properties of these patterned surfaces as the millstone toward the generation of novel multifunctional devices. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated to the 2DMs' integration into working opto‐electronic (nano)devices is discussed.
Water‐Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles Codelivering ICG and DOX Effectively Treat Breast Cancer via Hyperthermia‐aided DOX Functionality and Drug Penetration
Authors: Liu Xuerong , Wang Cheng , Ma Huisong , Yu Fangying , Hu Fuqiang , Yuan Hong
Published: March 2019

Tumor growth and metastasis are the major causes of high mortality in breast cancer. In this study, a water‐responsive phospholipid‐calcium‐carbonate hybrid nanoparticle (PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG) surface modified with a phospholipid shell is designed and covered with a shielding polymer polyethylene glycol; this development is loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging and chemophotothermal combination therapy against breast cancer. PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG exhibits satisfactory stability against various aqueous environments with minimal drug leakage and can readily decompose to facilitate quick drug release into cancer cells. In vivo biodistribution studies, PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG demonstrated strong tumor‐homing properties. Interestingly, the in vitro cellular uptake and intratumoral penetration depth of PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG are significantly enhanced under NIR laser irradiation, owing to ICG‐induced hyperthermia, which not only enhances cell permeability and fluidity but also disrupts the dense tumor extracellular matrix. Compared to chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, chemophotothermal combination therapy synergistically induces apoptosis and death in 4T1 cells. Moreover, compared with the phosphate buffer saline group, the combined treatment suppress primary tumor growth at a rate of approximately 94.88% and decrease the number of metastatic nodules by about 93.6%. Therefore, PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG may be a promising nanoplatform for breast cancer treatment.
Progress Report on Phase Separation in Polymer Solutions
Authors: Wang Fei , Altschuh Patrick , Ratke Lorenz , Zhang Haodong , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta
Published: March 2019

Polymeric porous media (PPM) are widely used as advanced materials, such as sound dampening foams, lithium‐ion batteries, stretchable sensors, and biofilters. The functionality, reliability, and durability of these materials have a strong dependence on the microstructural patterns of PPM. One underlying mechanism for the formation of porosity in PPM is phase separation, which engenders polymer‐rich and polymer‐poor (pore) phases. Herein, the phase separation in polymer solutions is discussed from two different aspects: diffusion and hydrodynamic effects. For phase separation governed by diffusion, two novel morphological transitions are reviewed: “cluster‐to‐percolation” and “percolation‐to‐droplets,” which are attributed to an effect that the polymer‐rich and the solvent‐rich phases reach the equilibrium states asynchronously. In the case dictated by hydrodynamics, a deterministic nature for the microstructural evolution during phase separation is scrutinized. The deterministic nature is caused by an interfacial‐tension‐gradient (solutal Marangoni force), which can lead to directional movement of droplets as well as hydrodynamic instabilities during phase separation.