bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of phytoplankton functional groups in shallow lakes with different equilibrium states
Authors: Núbia da Silva  , João Paulo de Oliveira Santos  , Danielle Lima de Oliveira  , Kelly Dayane Pereira da Silva  , Ênio Wocioli Dantas  , Luciana Gomes Barbosa
Published: July 2021

Changes in equilibrium states in shallow lakes are associated with disturbances and resilience. The study evaluated the structure and composition of phytoplankton functional groups in two lakes, Lagoa do Paó (turbid waters) and Santa Lúcia (clear waters). Monthly collections of limnological variables and phytoplankton occurred between August 2014 and June 2015 in the pelagic region. The lakes shared five functional groups: K, S1 , X1 , W2 and P, formed by coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, coccoid chlorophytes and euglenophytes, and desmids, respectively. The canonical correspondence analysis evidenced a clear separation, highlighting the groups TD, N, W2 and S1 in Santa Lúcia and functional groups composed of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in Lagoa do Paó (SN, Lo), indicating that the submerged macrophyte coverage can act promoting the phosphorous stabilization in the sediment in Santa Lúcia, reducing its contribution to the water column and inhibiting the dominance of the mentioned species. Temperature, pH, phosphorus and light attenuation coefficient influenced the occurrence of H1 , SN, S1 , W2 , X1 , D, and Lo , in the Lagoa do Paó. The composition and structure of the functional groups responded in the two lakes with some functional groups associated with toxic cyanobacteria occurring exclusively in Lagoa do Paó, having also been observed the sharing of some functional groups.
Soft, Disruptive and Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Lyu Quanxia , Gong Shu , Dyson Jennifer M. , Cheng Wenlong
Published: July 2021

Background:

Soft wearable electrochemical biosensors are attracting increasing attention
over the past several years due to their potential for non-invasive personalized health monitoring
in real-time and in-situ.

Objective:

Herein, we cover the design, fabrication, and applications of soft electrochemical sensing
systems. Firstly, we describe key design requirements for fabricating the mechanically compliant
electrochemical biosensors. This is followed by a narration of typical sensor configurations and
the detecting methodologies. Next, on-body soft electrochemical biosensing and cell/tissue-based
“wearable” sensing applications are summarized. Detection of key biochemical markers, including
metabolites (glucose, lactate, uric acid and ethanol), electrolytes (Na+ and K+), nutrients (vitamin
C), hormones (cortisol) and proteins (TNF-α), as well as cellular signalling molecules (nitric oxide,
hydrogen peroxide and serotonin), is the focus of the discussion in this review.

Conclusion:

We conclude the review with discussions on future opportunities and challenges of the
soft and wearable electrochemical biosensors.
Recent Advances in Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence for Analytical
Application
Authors: Xing Huanhuan , Li Jing , Wang Erkang
Published: July 2021

Background:

Bipolar electrode (BPE), as an immersed electrical conductor in the electrolyte,
can be polarized into cathodic and anodic poles under a sufficient electric field without
direct contact, which affords a unique way to promote asymmetrical reactions at two poles. Up to
date, bipolar electrochemistry has been widely used in the preparation of Janus materials, the fabrication
of sensing/screening platform, target focusing and microswimmers. However, the wireless
feature of BPE makes monitoring the Faradaic current difficult. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL),
the light emission via an electrochemical reaction, matches the feature of bipolar electrochemistry
well and is widely adopted to achieve the record of the Faradaic current flowing through the BPE.
The objective of the present review aims to demonstrate the most recent advances in analytical
applications (2016-2020) in combination with the high sensitive ECL as the output.

Methods:

Due to the difficulty of the recording of the Faradaic current flowing the BPE, the ECL,
as a simple, sensitive and detectable signal-out, has become a popular method for analytical application
based on the BPE. This review mainly summarizes the recent research of BPE/ECL according
to the configuration and sensing principle of BPE designed in the ECL analysis.

Results:

Various sensors based on the BPE/ECL have been proposed for the electroactive targets
and the bio-relevant molecules without the electroactivity by different ingenious designs. Besides,
the microelectrode array and ultra-microelectrode (UME) array have also been applied in the
BPE/ECL field to achieve the high temporal-spatial resolution imaging of the sample molecules
based on the BPE microelectrode array.

Conclusion:

The combination of BPE and ECL provides a simple, portable and versatile sensor
strategy for various targets due to the unique advantages of BPE and ECL, and can be applied for
the fast, accurate and point-of-care diagnostics of numerous diseases. Though the BPE/ECL analysis
has many merits such as high-throughput, excellent sensitivity, and high spatial-temporal resolution,
the sensitive and commercial ECL analysis based on the BPE is still difficult to realize and
the analysis research of BPE/ECL is still in the early stage.
Inflammasome can Affect Adult Neurogenesis: A Review Article
Authors: Asl Sara Solimani , Jalili Cyrus , Artimani Tayebeh , Ramezani Mahdi , Mirzaei Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons in the adult brain and is limited to two major areas: the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the Subventricular Zone (SVZ). Adult neurogenesis is affected by some physiological, pharmacological, and pathological factors. The inflammasome is a major signalling platform that regulates caspase-1 and induces proinflammatory cytokines production such as interleukin-1β (IL1-β) and IL-18.

Inflammasomes may be stimulated through multiple signals, and some of these signaling factors can affect neurogenesis. In the current review, “adult neurogenesis and inflammasome” were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Reviewing various research works showed correlations between inflammasome and neurogenesis by different intermediate factors, such as interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), α-synuclein, microRNAs, and natural compounds. Concerning the significant role of neurogenesis in the health of the nervous system and memory, understanding factors inducing neurogenesis is crucial for identifying new therapeutic aims. Hence in this review, we will discuss the different mechanisms by which inflammasome influences adult neurogenesis.
Factors Associated with Suboptimal Control of Asthma among Adult Asthma Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lual Kuol Peter , Yizengaw Mengist Awoke
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Asthma is a major public health problem that negatively impacts patients, families, and the community. Identifying risk factors for poor asthma control may greatly enhance the establishment of more effective treatment of asthma. The level of asthma control and risk factors for poor asthma control is relatively unknown in Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 adult asthma patients at the Outpatient Department (OPD) chest clinic of Jimma Medical Center (JMC), from February 15 –March 20, 2019. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 21.0 was used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze the potential associated factors of suboptimal control of asthma.

Results and Discussion:

Of 150 adults diagnosed with asthma recruited in this study, 81 [54.0%] of them were females, and the mean age of the patients was 41.1 ± 12.4 years. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) (64, 42.7%) was the most frequently used anti-asthmatic medication. Over one-fourth (26.0%) (95% CI, 19.2-33.8) of study participants had suboptimal asthma control. On multivariate logistic regression, being an urban dweller (AOR=3.70, p=0.025) and not applying proper inhalation technique (AOR=16.23, p=0.022) were increased the risk of suboptimal asthma control, while non-prescription anti-asthmatic drugs taking habit (AOR=0.25, p=0.010) reduces the odds of having suboptimal asthma control.

Conclusion:

Suboptimal asthma control is high among adult asthma patients. Being an urban dweller and not applying proper inhalation techniques were increased the likelihood of suboptimal asthma control, while non-prescription anti-asthmatic drugs taking habits had lower odds of suboptimal asthma control. The authors recommend large sample size studies on the comparative status of asthma control using prescription versus non-prescription anti-asthmatic medication.
Comparison of Four Intraocular Power Calculation Formulas in Keratoconus Eyes
Authors: Camps Vicente J. , Riad Ramy R. Fikry , Caravaca-Arens Esteban , Labib Fady E. , Mateo Veronica , Caballero María T. , Piñero David P.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in Intraocular Lens (IOL) power in keratoconus (KC) eyes between calculations obtained clinically with the most commonly used formulas in healthy eyes (SRK T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q and Haigis) as well as to define predictive factors for such differences.

Methods:

This retrospective study comprised 43 keratoconus eyes of 22 patients with no previous ocular surgery. IOL powers were calculated with SRK T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, and Haigis formulas, considering the Effective Lens Position (ELP) of each formula and the desired refraction of 0 D (Rdes=0 D).

Results:

All differences between formulas were statistically significant and clinically relevant. Haigis formula always provided higher values compared to the rest of the formulas, with the highest differences observed when comparing Haigis with Hoffer (0.84 D) and Hoffer Q (1.17 D) formulas. The lowest difference was obtained for the comparison between SRK-T and Holladay 1 formulas (0.22 D). Differences of the Haigis formula compared to the rest were higher as the magnitude of the IOL power calculated decreased, becoming the patient more myopic. Increased differences between Haigis and Hoffer formulas were observed in eyes with deep anterior chambers, steeper anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, and high axial lengths.

Conclusion:

The most comparable results in IOL power in keratoconus are provided by the Holladay 1 and SRK T formulas, whereas the Haigis formula provides the most discrepant outcome. The consideration of the curvature of the second corneal surface in IOL power calculations in keratoconus may decrease the variability between calculation methods. However, other factors as anterior chamber depth or axial length are also relevant.
Horizontes Comerciais, Políticos e Literários na Imprensa de Floriano Entre os Anos de 1902 e 1921
Authors: Ciarlini Daniel Castello Branco
Published: July 2021

The first twenty years of the 20th century were of great transformation to the city of Floriano, considered, at the time, one of the active hubs of the import-export trade in the state of Piauí, in the hinterland of Brazil. In this historical context, journalistic and literary journalism emerged and witnessed the changes in habits of its society, which was witnessing the arrival of modern airs. Favorable to this transformation, the commercial and political conjunctures operated by the Republican Party, especially between the years 1916 and 1924, were responsible for forming in town one of the significant literary circuits of the state and, consequently, as if it had been experienced in newsrooms of newspapers and literary associations, cultural environment such as theater, cinema and clubs – evidence of a relatively active literary life. This article analyzes these changes and their resistance, starting in 1902, when the first periodical was founded in the city, in 1921, the end of the first phase of the most important newspaper of the period, O Popular.
O Jornalismo de Sylvio Floreal em A Coragem de Amar: Texto, Contexto e Pretextos
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

The moment referred to as the First Republic (1889-1930) by the brazilian political periodization marked, as is known, in a transversal way the professionalization process of the writers, as well as the literary sphere in general. Journalism, in turn, when making way as an economic instance, making news, often incorporated by literature, an object of consumption, becomes, not without contradictions, one of the most important tools for the autonomous exercise of creative writing. It is from this context that we approach the trajectory of the writer, from Santos, Sylvio Floreal, pseudonym of Domingos Alexandre (1893-1928), to whom the struggle to occupy a place in letters in a metropolis that industrializes quickly, amid convulsions of different orders, as is seen in the city of São Paulo, becomes decisive, to the point of gaining space and treatment in its production. In addition, under the continuity between journalism, capitalism and literature, the novel A Coragem de Amar, published in 1924 and reedited in 1925, will be examined in dialogue with the speeches about modernity of the time, which were manifested in a complex way and determinant for our cultural history, echoing to the present day.
Journalism and the Black Short Story in English in Twentieth-Century South Africa: From R. R. R. Dhlomo to Miriam Tlali
Authors: Fossati Marta
Published: July 2021

In the present article I seek to discuss, following a diachronic approach, the close-knit relationship that can be found between journalistic discourse and the genre of the short story in Anglophone South African literature over a time span of fifty years, between the late Twenties and the Eighties. In particular, I intend to explore this genre negotiation by close reading selected short stories and/or newspaper articles by four non-white South African writers: R. R. R. Dhlomo, Can Themba, Alex La Guma, and Miriam Tlali. The intersections between the two different genres and discourses in these hybrid texts can be identified at the level of both content and form. A close reading of selected short stories and/or articles may call for a revaluation of this “South African New Journalism” as a creative experimentation that challenges conventional generic categorisations.
De Qué Hablamos Cuando Hablamos de Crónica Contemporánea en América Latina
Authors: Viú Adagio Julieta
Published: July 2021

The field of contemporary chronicle in Latin America is hegemonized by the so-called "Narrative Journalism" that aims to narrate the present on the basis of previous journalistic investigations. In a different position and without grouping under any denomination, a series of writers dedicated to the short chronicle present a point of convergence in their affiliation to the modernist chronicle. The coexistence of both positions presents disputes in relation to themes, approaches, narrative procedures and author positions, in other words, with the modern cultural and literary tradition. The binomial literature / journalism, nodal for the genre, from these bids is located in the center of the scene. That is why, in this article, we intend to illuminate the issue of self-denomination, the conception of the literary work and language.
Leopardi nas Crónicas Jornalísticas Brasileiras de 1881 a 1916
Authors: Guerini Andréia , Bignardi Ingrid
Published: July 2021

The crônica is a literary genre that became widespread in Brazilian newspapers and magazines pages in the 19th century. These short pieces were responsible for the circulation and insertion of foreign writers in the Brazilian cultural system, such as the Italian writer Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837). The present article analyses, based on Cultural Translation Theory (Burke/Hsia 2009), how Leopardi was represented in Brazilian crônicas published between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, specifically from 1881 to 1916, and available at the Brazilian Digital Newspaper Archive. The analysis of 12 crônicas shows that they were written predominantly by men, and published in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; these cronistas tend to show Leopardi as poet, “translating” and resignifying his “patriotism”, and, mainly, his “pessimist philosophy”, following sectors of the Italian criticism of the time. Furthermore, they exert a double function in the process of cultural translation, filling in thematic gaps and spreading Leopardi’s works.
Rationalité et irrationalité politiques les contradictions de l'Unité Populaire chilienne
Authors: Zylberberg Jacques
Published: July 2021

In this paper about Chile, Weber's taxonomy of rational behavior is used together with a genetic-structural approach to explain chilean political life, which can be understood by the following variables : a mean demography, an authoritarian and religious culture, a capitalistic, dependent and under-developed economy, an hybrid social stratification, a centralised state characterized by an higly developed burocracy.In such a context the «Popular Unity» results from a specific acculturationof antagonistic ideologies related to different social strata, to competitive political groups as welt as to rival pressure groups. In the short term ; the confiicting interests might coexist thanks to a growing social support motivated by a superficial economie nationalism, emotional anti-capitalistic feelings and the rise in the income of the popular and middle classes strata.On the other hand, the left government, divided by social, political and ideological oppositions was unable to run the civil service, to structure a congruent economic policy and to face international or national subversion.
De macht der staten : Een inventarisatie van de alternatieven tot kwantificering
Authors: Tegenbos Guy
Published: July 2021

Though the central concept in International Relations, not so much importance was yet attached to the operationalisation of national power.In his overview, the author distinguishes three conceptual approaches:1° exercised power (empiricaly observed, post facto); 2° status (what people think the power of a nation is); 3° potential power (indirect measure, operationalising the «elements of national power»).An operationalisation of exercised power is not yet available because of grave theoretical and practical difficulties. Indices of status are elaboratedbut the relevance of this concept seems to be low.Potential power, the most intresting approach is aften elaborated; the present-day operationalisations however don't correspond to what the «great theoretici» wrote about «the elements of national power».In most cases only one or a few indicators are included; most operationalisations don't deliver a rank ordening but only a stratification ...The author concludes research attention should be attached to the operationalisation of power, especially potential power.
Le rapport Tindemans et les élections européennes
Authors: Willame Jean-Claude
Published: July 2021

The Tindemans report on the European union and the decision to organize direct elections for the European Parliament have been two important events in European afjairs in 1976. This article analyses the origins, developments and bearing of these two events.Although his mandate was initiated and encouraged at the highest level - that of the European heads of state - , Mr. Tindemans' attempt to propose concrete steps in order to achieve a real political union in Europe did not get through. It received a rather cold reception from several states who opposed some of his proposals on different grounds.At the Conference of The Hague, Mr. Tindemans was able to get a formal support to his ideas, but no decision was taken to implement any of them.The decision to organize direct elections for the European Parliament, which can be seen as a concrete step toward the implementation of the long awaited European union, is facing the same kind of resistance at the national level. Although the Nine have all agreed to do everything possible to organize these elections in the spring of 1978, there are still unsolved problems which are both technical and political. Moreover, even if they are taking place, it is not at all sure that they will bring about substantive changes in the role and functions of the European Parliament.
La controverse de la "Culturalisation" ou de la "Régionalisation" des crédits budgétaires
Authors: Quertainmont Philippe
Published: July 2021

Since 1971 Belgium has been organized into two cultural communities - Flanders and W allonia - and into three regions - Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia.Bach community and each region has its own financial means and its own legislative capacity.In 1975 a strong political controversy arose concerning the limits of the powers of the region vs. those of the community : which was financially responsible for some matters - the region or the community ?This conflict made the problem of the coexistence of two communities and three regions more sensitive.
Spinoza over democratie en godsdienst
Authors: De Clercq B.J.
Published: July 2021

As a contribution to the commemorations of Spinoza's death (1677), this article describes in a few pages the significance of Spinoza in the evolution of Western political thought. Especially in his (unachieved) Political Treatise, Spinoza attempted to elaborate a «scientific» theory of political life, i.e. a closing deductive theory based upon a «true knowledge of the causes and natural bases» of human actions and passions.  In his view it can be proved with a rational necessity that democracy - defined as Spinoza defines it - is the best political regime. He strongly emphasizes that democracy and, consequently, a well organized and efficiently functioning life in common, is impossible without real freedom of opinion and speech and a political «neutralization» of religion.
Enkele bedenkingen over de voorgeschiedenis van de Koningskwestie
Authors: Provoost Guido
Published: July 2021

Studying the Belgian military and foreign policy from 1934 till 1937, one can conclude to the following working hypotheses. The conflict between the King (and His entourage) and the Cabinet about the competency over military policy and military command has had a large influence on the acute phase of the Question Royale 1940-1950.The policy of independence of 1936 which has been imputed later on to the King and for which He has been blamed, is rather contained in the military and foreign policy of the successive Belgian governments from 1930 on, inspired by Paul Hymans, minister of foreign affairs at that time.
Berchtesgaden (19 november 1940) : voorgeschiedenis, inhoud en resultaat
Authors: De Jonghe Albert
Published: July 2021

The leopoldistic version of the events before Berchtesgaden - politically the most important period in the Question Royale during the occupation - is from the start till the end historically not grounded.   The known facts prove that the King was absolutely not passive in political matters. He doesn't reject the proposal for a meeting with Hitler. Already on May 31 he declares to agree in principle to meet the Führer. On June 26 he again expresses this willingness. In October he sends his sister Marie-José, crownprincess of Italy, to Hitler, collecting the requested invitation for a meeting. The meeting Hitler-Leopold III at Berchtesgaden (November 19) reveals not only a humanitarian, but also an indeniable political character.There is too great a difference between the leopoldistic version and the facts - as far as known at this moment and from limited sources.  One is inclined to ask oneself if the editors of the Whitebook (J. Pirenne, secretary of the King) and of the report of the Servais-commission, had knowledge of all the facts, which normally should have been at their disposal. If the answer is no, than one has to assume «a secret of the King».
Secularisatie en verzuiling in de Belgische politiek
Authors: Billiet Jaak , Creyf Roger , Dobbelaere Karel
Published: July 2021

Sociological research in three Catholic «pillar» organizations (the Catholic school system, the Christian hospitals and the Catholic University) indicates that secularization is not followed by a «de-pillarization» or crumbling of the Catholic pillar. Our explanation suggests a process of secularization within the Catholic organizations, with as main components : the development of a social-cultural christianity - which may be considered a secular surrogate for church-religion -, and professionalization by which the christian organizations provide a milieu which ensures job security and social advancement for its loyal members. Thanks to its informal and formal ties with the Christian pillar organizations, the CVP acts on both components, by stressing a specific identity and by defining the interests of the pillar organizations.  This explanation may indicate some major aspects of the ties between sociological Catholics and «their» political party - a bond which is certainly not being affected by the secularization processes, rather the contrary is occurring.
De personeelsbezetting in de gefusioneerde gemeenten : Een proeve van evaluatie
Authors: Depré Roger
Published: July 2021

The essence of a policy evaluation of the personnel situation in the amalgamated municipalities is to investigate the degree to which the amalgamation as instrument achieved the present objectives and thedegree to which the instruments used have contributed to it. Such an evaluation is complicated by the fact that insufficient attention was given to the objectives in the amalgamation policy and to the time period within which they had to be achieved. From the analysis, it appears, in any case, that the number of personnel grew after the amalgamation in the local administrations more than in others. This applies in particular to the public welfare agencies. This growth is probably to be ascribed more to the social evolution than to the amalgamation operation. The demonstration of scale effects is not easy because of the lack of diachronic studies. The fact that large municipalities have relatively more personnel than small municipalities may not be deduced from an increase of the population. The diachronic study of the percentage of the total expenditures for personnel shows that this part has decreased, which could indicate a scale effect. However, one has, at this time, insufficient information of the factors that explain the amount of personnel so that a change in that amount cannot simply be ascribed to the  amalgamation. At the same time, the hypothesis is formulated that the amalgamation of the municipalities as a policy measure bas not brought about many changes on the level of policy implementation. This can be explained by the lack of an accompanying strategy for change. It does not suffice to vote for a law to bring about a fundamental change.
Le Roi d'Espagne : symbole et arbitre
Authors: Jimenez de Parga Manuel
Published: July 2021

Since the instauration of the parliamentary democracy in Spain in the second half of the seventies, the monarchy is an essential part of the system. As both the attitude and the behaviour of Juan Carlos I in the dramatic events of February 23th, 1981 and the Constitution as well, point out, the king has to watch attentively over public affairs and has to protect the basic values of the system.He is also the arbitrator who has to handle cleverly, inventively and carefully the marginal cases which the legislator cannot foresee. The king furthermore, is a symbol. Both the function of arbitrator and the symbolic function have to be taken into account to fully understand the monarchy in the Spanish parliamentary system.
De monarchie en de publieke opinie in België
Authors: Maddens Bart
Published: July 2021

A sample survey of 3000 Belgians shows that a large majority in both Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels is in favour of the monarchy. This support is based mainly on an attachment to tradition and a belief that the monarchy is the only institution capable of holding the nation together. Comparison with earlier research indicates that the influence of the king, as perceived by the population, has increased during the last 15 years. Older generations and catholics tend to be more royalistic. Opposition against the monarchy is strongest amongst non-religious groups, younger generations, ecologists and - in Flanders - socialists and Flemish nationalists.
Het Vlaamse welzijnszorgbeleid in de jaren tachtig : een overzicht
Authors: Lammertyn Frans
Published: July 2021

During the last decades Belgium bas undergone a fundamental change in its political structure. lbe state reform of 1970-71 ended the unitary state. Three new territorial divisions were included in the constitution : the linguistic Regions, the Cultural Communities and the Regions. With the state reform of 1980, a further step on the road toward federalization was taken. The Cultural Communities were remodeled into Communities. From that moment on these legislative bodies were also in charge of health and social services. This article looks at the way the Flemish Community has developed its social welf are policy during the last decade. It gives an overview of the legislative work concerning the ten parts of the social welf are sector and of the evolution of the financial means the Flemish Executive has appropriated for it.
Optimization of phosphoric fertilizers for cultivation of potato under high phosphorus soils of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar
Authors:   ICAR-CPRS, YADAV SARALA , KUMAR MANOJ , YADAV SK
Published: July 2021

Phosphorus (P) is an important element that is applied in the form of di-ammonium phosphate or single super phosphate in potatoes. An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar during Rabi, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate invariably use of phosphorus fertilizers in potato crop. The use of phosphorus is often applied at higher rate than its uptake from the soil. Therefore, experiment was undertaken with the objective to optimize and utilize soil phosphorus more efficiently. Potato variety Kufri Khyati was planted in three replications with eight different treatments of fertilizer phosphorus. Data on tuber yield (t/ha) and tuber number (lacs/ha) was recorded. The maximum tubers were recorded at 20% of recommended dose of phosphorus i.e. 5.14 lacs/ha followed by 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (4.56 lacs/ha). The tuber yield was maximum at 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (33.53 t/ha) followed by 50% recommended dose of phosphorus (31.35 t/ha), which was at par with the yield obtained at 20% (30.29 t/ha) to 40% (29.98 t/ha) of recommended dose of phosphorus. The recorded results showed that the omission of phosphorus does not have any significant reduction in the yield as compare to tuber numbers. Therefore it may be recommended that in high P soils, the maintenance dose of 20 % of recommended dose of P is sufficient to harvest economic yield.
Predicting and Responding to Clinical Deterioration in Hospitalized Patients by Using Artificial Intelligence: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Stepped Wedge Study
Authors: Holdsworth Laura M , Kling Samantha M R , Smith Margaret , Safaeinili Nadia , Shieh Lisa , Vilendrer Stacie , Garvert Donn W , Winget Marcy , Asch Steven M , Li Ron C
Published: July 2021

Background

The early identification of clinical deterioration in patients in hospital units can decrease mortality rates and improve other patient outcomes; yet, this remains a challenge in busy hospital settings. Artificial intelligence (AI), in the form of predictive models, is increasingly being explored for its potential to assist clinicians in predicting clinical deterioration.

Objective

Using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 model, this study aims to assess whether an AI-enabled work system improves clinical outcomes, describe how the clinical deterioration index (CDI) predictive model and associated work processes are implemented, and define the emergent properties of the AI-enabled work system that mediate the observed clinical outcomes.

Methods

This study will use a mixed methods approach that is informed by the SEIPS 2.0 model to assess both processes and outcomes and focus on how physician-nurse clinical teams are affected by the presence of AI. The intervention will be implemented in hospital medicine units based on a modified stepped wedge design featuring three stages over 11 months—stage 0 represents a baseline period 10 months before the implementation of the intervention; stage 1 introduces the CDI predictions to physicians only and triggers a physician-driven workflow; and stage 2 introduces the CDI predictions to the multidisciplinary team, which includes physicians and nurses, and triggers a nurse-driven workflow. Quantitative data will be collected from the electronic health record for the clinical processes and outcomes. Interviews will be conducted with members of the multidisciplinary team to understand how the intervention changes the existing work system and processes. The SEIPS 2.0 model will provide an analytic framework for a mixed methods analysis.

Results

A pilot period for the study began in December 2020, and the results are expected in mid-2022.

Conclusions

This protocol paper proposes an approach to evaluation that recognizes the importance of assessing both processes and outcomes to understand how a multifaceted AI-enabled intervention affects the complex team-based work of identifying and managing clinical deterioration.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/27532
Technology-Supported Guidance Model to Support the Development of Critical Thinking Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Clinical Practice: Protocol of an Exploratory, Flexible Mixed Methods Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zlamal Jaroslav , Gjevjon Edith Roth , Fossum Mariann , Steindal Simen Alexander , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Critical thinking is an essential set of skills in nursing education, and nursing education therefore needs a sharper focus on effective ways to support the development of these skills, especially through the implementation of technological tools in nursing education.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study protocol is to assess the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model grounded in the metacognition theory for nursing students in clinical practice.

METHODS

Both quantitative (research questionnaires) and qualitative (focus group interviews) approaches will be used to collect data for a feasibility study with an exploratory, flexible mixed methods design to test a newly developed intervention in clinical practice.

RESULTS

The intervention development was completed in December 2020. The intervention will be tested in 3 independent nursing homes in Norway.

CONCLUSIONS

By determining the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model for nursing students in clinical practice, the results will provide information on the acceptability of the intervention and the suitability of the outcome measures and data collection strategy. They will also identify the causes of dropout and obstacles to retention and adherence.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/31646
Impact of Electronic Health Record Interoperability on Telehealth Service Outcomes (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Saltman Richard
Published: July 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This paper aims to develop a telehealth success model and discusses three critical components: (1) health information quality, (2) electronic health record system quality, and (3) telehealth service quality to ensure effective telehealth service delivery, reduce professional burnout, and enhance access to care. The paper applied a policy analysis method and discussed telehealth applications in rural health, mental health, and veterans health services. The results pointed out the fact that, although telehealth paired with semantic/organizational interoperability facilitates value-based and team-based care, challenges remain to enhance user (both patients and clinicians) experience and satisfaction. The conclusion indicates that approaches at systemic and physician levels are needed to reduce disparities in health technology adoption and improve access to telehealth care.
Association of Plasma Uremic Solute Levels with Residual Kidney Function in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ganesan Lakshmi L. , O’Brien Frank J. , Sirich Tammy L. , Plummer Natalie S. , Sheth Rita , Fajardo Cecile , Brakeman Paul , Sutherland Scott M. , Meyer Timothy W.
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives

Residual native kidney function confers health benefits in patients on dialysis. It can facilitate control of extracellular volume and inorganic ion concentrations. Residual kidney function can also limit the accumulation of uremic solutes. This study assessed whether lower plasma concentrations of uremic solutes were associated with residual kidney function in pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Samples were analyzed from 29 pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis, including 13 without residual kidney function and ten with residual kidney function. Metabolomic analysis by untargeted mass spectrometry compared plasma solute levels in patients with and without residual kidney function. Dialytic and residual clearances of selected solutes were also measured by assays using chemical standards.

Results

Metabolomic analysis showed that plasma levels of 256 uremic solutes in patients with residual kidney function averaged 64% (interquartile range, 51%–81%) of the values in patients without residual kidney function who had similar total Kt/Vurea. The plasma levels were significantly lower for 59 of the 256 solutes in the patients with residual kidney function and significantly higher for none. Assays using chemical standards showed that residual kidney function provides a higher portion of the total clearance for nonurea solutes than it does for urea.

Conclusions

Concentrations of many uremic solutes are lower in patients on peritoneal dialysis with residual kidney function than in those without residual kidney function receiving similar treatment as assessed by Kt/Vurea.
Una inundación global de plásticos
Authors: Murray-Tortarol Guillermo , Serrano Medrano Montserrat , Miranda Ackerman Marco A.
Published: July 2021

Hace 150 años se inventaron los primeros tipos de plásticos. Estos surgieron como alternativas sustentables e ingeniosas para resolver problemas de almacenamiento, transporte, vestimenta y construcción. No obstante, desde su aparición hasta la actualidad, su uso, a nivel global, se ha disparado exponencialmente, lo que ha ocasionado un serio problema ambiental. El plástico inunda nuestras tierras, lagos y, sobre todo, nuestros océanos. Causan la muerte y el sufrimiento de millones de animales y, como hemos descubierto recientemente, tienen serios impactos en la salud humana. Se ha vuelto imperativo el pensar en alternativas para sustituir su uso, evitar su desecho y promover su reúso con la finalidad de disminuir este serio problema. En este artículo, te contaremos la historia de los usos del plástico, desde sus nobles orígenes hasta su problemática actual, por medio de una revisión de su historia y de su evolución en la sociedad. Al final, te mostraremos ciertas propuestas para combatir los problemas ambientales que ha generado, con la esperanza de que a ti se te ocurran nuevas alternativas.
Do extreme market value ratios mean that the market is informationally inefficient? A study of the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors:   Department of the Financial Systems of the Economy, Karasiński Jacek ,   Faculty of Management,   University of Warsaw, Poland, Zduńczak Patryk ,   Faculty of Management; University of Warsaw, Poland
Published: July 2021

Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper is to verify whether extremely high values of mar- ket value ratios are the symptoms of informational inefficiency of the market in a weak form. The authors intend to examine whether these phenomena co-occur with each other. Design/methodology/approach – Following Bachelier’s strict random walk model, we quantified a weak-form informational market efficiency with the use of the percentage of normality tests in stock returns run (Expanded Shapiro–Wilk, D’Agostino-Pearson and Jarque–Bera), which indicate that the analyzed distribution is normal (a null hypothesis cannot be rejected). The empirical study was based on the comparison of the market value ratios (P/E and P/BV) and the informational efficiency measure at the level of particular companies, listed on the Main Market and NewConnect of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, and grouped into eight sectors. In order to do this, we analyzed scatterplots, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. The da- taset covered 214 companies (based on the assumptions made) in the period from 2016, December 31 to 2020, March 23. Findings – Results obtained indicated that, in most cases, the extremely high values of market value ratios did not co-occur with market inefficiency. Hence, the outstandingly high market value ratios do not have to be the symptoms of market inefficiency. Research implications/limitations – Following a common belief shared in the industry, but still not examined yet, this study examines the possible co-occurrence of extremely high market valuation and market inefficiency, but does not exploit it fully. The authors encourage other researchers, especially, to apply other market value ratios and to come up with their own ideas for market efficiency proxies. What is more, this study has been conducted on a relatively small market, thus the conclusions drawn from the study on the WSE should be tested on other, more developed markets. Originality/value/contribution – According to the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first trying to examine if the extremely high market value ratios are the symp- toms of the informational inefficiency of the market. Keywords: efficient market hypothesis, weak-form efficiency, market value ratios, stock markets, random walk. JEL Classification: G10, G12, G14.
“A Strange Romance,” or Abelard and Héloïse in Russia of the 18th Century
Authors: Dolgorukova Natalia M. , Babenko Kseniia V. , Gaydenko Anna P.
Published: July 2021

The article gives an analysis of the first Russian translation of Abelard and Héloïse’s letters (The Collection of Abelard and Héloïse’s Letters with the Life Description of These Miserable Lovers) made by A.I. Dmitriev in 1783 from Count Bussy-Raboutin’s French retelling. A comparative analysis of Dmitriev’s translation with the original text shows the conventional character of their connection. Following Bussy, Dmitriev not always sticks to the Latin original even in the main storylines. Even if he retains the canvas of the original medieval text, he supplements it with countless details: a portrait of a lover, a tear-drenched letter, mad passion. A similar transformation takes place with the Historia Calamitatum in the retelling made by Augustus von Kotzebue. In prefaces both authors designate their works as “female” reading. The interest in the story of two lovers is probably caused by the recent release of J.-J. Rousseau’s Julie, or the New Heloise. The choice of material, the nature of its adaptation, the appeal to women and the circumstances of the publication of Dmitriev’s translation and Kotzebue’s retelling demonstrate the commitment of these authors to sentimentalism, which explains their desire to cause tears in the eyes of their readers.
The Poet’s “Long-Range Heart” (O. Mandelstam. The Poem of an Unknown Soldier)
Authors: Chagin Alexei I.
Published: July 2021

The article suggests a detailed analysis of the most significant and complicated work in O. Mandelstam’s late poetry — The Poem of an Unknown Soldier (1937) which is being examined in the context of the poet’s whole literary heritage. Radical metaphorism, which was previously characteristic of the poet, is pushed here to the extreme; poetics of reminiscences and subtexts appears to be the basis for the composition of this long poem. A detailed examination of the poem’s world, explanation and sometimes deciphering of its poetic images obviously demonstrate the arrival of new poetics, the basis of which in the work is the “Heraclitean metaphor” (O. Mandelstam’s term), revealing fluidity, internal dynamics of images that create a horrible picture of the war as an ultimate disaster and of an individual (the poet) as its antipode and victim. The poet’s thought is directed to the picture of an eternal, immortal military formation where in the roar of the military roll call, voices of fallen soldiers merge with those of Shakespeare and Cervantes, and where the poet’s voice is heard among others — standing here, calling his “unreliable” year of birth and seing the whole path of human history caught in the fire of the Apocalypse.
The Personality of N.S. Gumilev as a Standard of the Main Character’s Behavior in V.V. Nabokov’s Novel The Eye
Authors: Filatov Anton V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the intertextual level of V.V. Nabokov’s novel The Eye. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of reminiscences and citations from N.S. Gumilev’s literary works, which were known and appreciated by V.V. Nabokov. It is proved that the mythologized image of the poet and warrior, as well as Gumilev’s characters, are the basis of the self-presentation strategy of Smurov, the central character of the novel. Being a creative person, he invents a fictional biography for himself in order to impress the society of Russian emigrants, especially the girl Vanya, with whom he is in love. However, numerous reminiscences to the Acmeist poet’s texts demonstrate an increasing discrepancy between the courageous and selfless characters of Gumilev and Smurov, who wants to look like a hero to the others, and not to be one in reality. The irony of Nabokov is that the real Smurov turns out to be a double of the comic character of A.P. Chekhov’s story Romance with Double Bass, also mentioned in the story, which is decrypted due to reminiscences on Chekhov’s works.
Creating value through related and unrelated merger and acquisition: Empirical evidence
Authors: Gupta Isha , Raman T. V. , Tripathy Naliniprava
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of related/unrelated merger and acquisition (M&A) on value creation and research and development (R&D) of Indian non-financial sector companies. This study focuses on whether related M&A outperforms unrelated M&A in the context of value creation and R&D. The sample of the study includes 64 companies to evaluate the significance of relatedness and unrelatedness between target and acquiring companies of the Indian non-financial sector using panel data from the period from 2015 to 2020. The study employs a logistic regression model, which is a predictive model employed wherein the response variable is categorical. The idea of logistic regression is to establish a relationship between variables and the probability of a given outcome. The results of our outcome reveal that partner familiarity affects the post-acquisition value creation and R&D. Further, the findings of the study acclaim that related M&A outperform unrelated M&A. The study indicates that related M&A create positive value but influence negatively to R&D. The findings of the study have several implications for the managers and policymakers who need to understand the dynamics of related/unrelated mergers to take a valid judgment before making merger and acquisition decisions
Supporting Information for "Ring Origami: Snap-folding of Rings with Different Geometries"
Authors: Wu Shuai , Yue Liang , Jin Yi , Sun Xiaohao , Zemelka Cole , Qi H. Jerry , Zhao Ruike Renee
Published: July 2021

Through experiment and simulation, we study a kind of deployable thin
circular ring that can be folded into three small loops.  Parametric
study is conducted on the ring to study the geometric parameters that
can influence ring’s buckling .We also explore the rings with other
shapes , such as elliptical rings, rectangular rings. Some applications
basing on these studies are shown in this paper.