bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eine starke Rolle
Authors: Alsbach Lars
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Phänomen der Scham tritt in der Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen zwar häufig auf, doch gibt es kaum eine inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung damit. Dieser Beitrag wagt die Spurensuche.
Cave Bacon and Other Delectable Science Terms
Authors: Bedford Bailey
Published: November 2018

As you prepare to feast, save room for springy yellowcake, breadcrust bombs, a cheese course on Mars, and more. Bon app�tit!
Multimodal Layered Transdimensional Inversion of Seismic Dispersion Curves With Depth Constraints
Authors: Killingbeck S. F. , Livermore P. W. , Booth A. D. , West L. J.
Published: November 2018

MuLTI (Multimodal Layered Transdimensional Inversion) is a Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation of Bayesian inversion for the probability distribution of shear wave velocity (Vs) as a function of depth. Based on Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave methods, it requires as data (i) a Rayleigh‐wave dispersion curve and (ii) additional layer depth constraints, the latter we show significantly improve resolution compared to conventional unconstrained inversions. Such depth constraints may be drawn from any source (e.g., boreholes, complementary geophysical data) provided they also represent a seismic interface. We apply MuLTI to a Norwegian glacier, Midtdalsbreen, in which ground‐penetrating radar was used to constrain internal layers of snow, ice, and subglacial sediments, with transitions at 2 and 25.5 m, and whose Vs is assumed to be in the range 500–1,700, 1,700–1,950, and 200–2,800 m/s, respectively. Synthetic modeling demonstrates that MuLTI recovers the true model of Vs variation with depth. Significantly, compared to inversions without depth constraints, in this synthetic case MuLTI not only reduces by about a factor of 10 the error between the true and the best fitting model, but also reduces by a factor of 2 the vertically averaged spread of the distribution of Vs based on the 95% credible intervals. We further show that using frequencies above about 100 Hz lead to unconverged solutions due to mode ambiguities associated with fine spatial structures. For our acquired data on Midtdalsbreen, we use 14‐100 Hz data for which MuLTI produces a large‐scale converged inversion.
Interannual Variation and Regime Shift of the Evaporative Moisture Sources for Wintertime Precipitation Over Southern China
Authors: Yang Zifan , Huang Wenyu , Qiu Tianpei , He Xinsheng , Wright Jonathon S. , Wang Bin
Published: November 2018

The evaporative moisture source for wintertime precipitation over southern China during 1979–2017 is determined using a Lagrangian methodology. The five most important moisture source regions, in descending order, are the South China Sea, southern China (local moisture recycling), southeastern Asia, the East China Sea, and the western North Pacific. The dominant mode of variability of moisture contribution appears at the interannual time scale, which is closely related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation variability. The conventional El Niño signal favors moisture transport from the surrounding moisture source regions through an enhancement of an anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific, while El Niño Modoki drives moisture recycling over southern China by cutting off access to moisture sources from surrounding regions. A regime shift of the evaporative moisture source is identified to occur around 1991/1992, after which there was a significant eastward migration of the moisture source. This migration is closely related to the presence of a cyclonic anomaly over the South China Sea. Both the observational and experimental results reveal that the appearance of this cyclonic anomaly is due to the warming over the Maritime Continent during the last two decades.
Distribution of Radioactive Heat Sources and Thermal History of the Moon
Authors: Laneuville M. , Taylor J. , Wieczorek M. A.
Published: November 2018

The initial distribution of heat sources in crustal and mantle reservoirs plays a major role in the thermal evolution of the Moon. We use new constraints on the thickness of the crust, the size of a nearside low in crustal magnetization, surface composition data from orbit, Apollo samples, and mass balance considerations to generate a set of plausible post magma ocean initial conditions. We then test those initial conditions using the 3‐D thermochemical mantle convection code Gaia and compare with observables. Models that use Lunar Prospector gamma‐ray spectrometer values of thorium throughout the highland crust cannot sustain long lasting volcanic activity, as low abundances of heat‐producing elements are left in the mantle to keep an Earth‐like bulk silicate composition. The low magnetic field intensities of the innermost Procellarum KREEP Terrane are consistent with a higher heat production than in the outermost portion and delayed cooling below the Curie temperature of iron metal until after 3.56 Ga when the dynamo field strength is known to have decreased by an order of magnitude. The distribution of crustal heat sources also influences the depth evolution of isotopic closure isotherms for a range of isotopic systems relevant to radiometric dating, which may be important for sample age estimation. Core crystallization can sustain a continuous dynamo for about 1 billion years, after which dynamo activity is potentially more episodic.
Preindustrial Control Simulations With HadGEM3‐GC3.1 for CMIP6
Authors: Menary Matthew B. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Ridley Jeff , Andrews Martin B. , Dimdore‐Miles Oscar B. , Deshayes Julie , Eade Rosie , Gray Lesley , Ineson Sarah , Mignot Juliette , Roberts Christopher D. , Robson Jon , Wood Richard A. , Xavier Prince
Published: November 2018

Preindustrial control simulations with the third Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, run in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 of the Met Office Unified Model (HadGEM3‐GC3.1) are presented at two resolutions. These are N216ORCA025, which has a horizontal resolution of 60 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, and N96ORCA1, which has a horizontal resolution of 130 km in the atmosphere and 1° in the ocean. The aim of this study is to document the climate variability in these simulations, make comparisons against present‐day observations (albeit under different forcing), and discuss differences arising due to resolution. In terms of interannual variability in the leading modes of climate variability the two resolutions behave generally very similarly. Notable differences are in the westward extent of El Niño and the pattern of Atlantic multidecadal variability, in which N216ORCA025 compares more favorably to observations, and in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which is far too weak in N216ORCA025. In the North Atlantic region, N216ORCA025 has a stronger and deeper Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which compares well against observations, and reduced biases in temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. These simulations are being provided to the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and provide a baseline against which further forced experiments may be assessed.
A stoichiometric terbium-europium dyad molecular thermometer: energy transfer properties
Authors: Bao Guochen , Wong Ka-Leung , Jin Dayong , Tanner Peter A.
Published: November 2018

The optical thermometer has shown great promise for use in the fields of aeronautical engineering, environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis. Self-referencing lanthanide thermo-probes distinguish themselves because of their accuracy, calibration, photostability, and temporal dimension of signal. However, the use of conventional lanthanide-doped materials is limited by their poor reproducibility, random distance between energy transfer pairs and interference by energy migration, thereby restricting their utility. Herein, a strategy for synthesizing hetero-dinuclear complexes that comprise chemically similar lanthanides is introduced in which a pair of thermosensitive dinuclear complexes, cycTb-phEu and cycEu-phTb, were synthesized. Their structures were geometrically optimized with an internuclear distance of approximately 10.6Å. The sensitive linear temperature-dependent luminescent intensity ratios of europium and terbium emission over a wide temperature range (50–298K and 10–200K, respectively) and their temporal dimension responses indicate that both dinuclear complexes can act as excellent self-referencing thermometers. The energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ is thermally activated, with the most important pathway involving the 7F1 Eu3+J-multiplet at room temperature. The energy transfer from the antenna to Eu3+ was simulated, and it was found that the most important ligand contributions to the rate come from transfers to the Eu3+ upper states rather than direct ligand–metal transfer to 5D1 or 5D0. As the first molecular-based thermometer with clear validation of the metal ratio and a fixed distance between the metal pairs, these dinuclear complexes can be used as new materials for temperature sensing and can provide a new platform for understanding the energy transfer between lanthanide ions.
Thermodynamic phases in two-dimensional active matter
Authors: Klamser Juliane U. , Kapfer Sebastian C. , Krauth Werner
Published: November 2018

Active matter has been much studied for its intriguing properties such as collective motion, motility-induced phase separation and giant fluctuations. However, it has remained unclear how the states of active materials connect with the equilibrium phases. For two-dimensional systems, this is also because the understanding of the liquid, hexatic, and solid equilibrium phases and their phase transitions is recent. Here we show that two-dimensional self-propelled point particles with inverse-power-law repulsions moving with a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm without alignment interactions preserve all equilibrium phases up to very large activities. Furthermore, at high activity within the liquid phase, a critical point opens up a gas–liquid motility-induced phase separation region. In our model, two-step melting and motility-induced phase separation are thus independent phenomena. We discuss the reasons for these findings to be common to a wide class of two-dimensional active systems.
Melt-driven erosion in microparticle impact
Authors: Hassani-Gangaraj Mostafa , Veysset David , Nelson Keith A. , Schuh Christopher A.
Published: November 2018

Impact-induced erosion is the ablation of matter caused by being physically struck by another object. While this phenomenon is known, it is empirically challenging to study mechanistically because of the short timescales and small length scales involved. Here, we resolve supersonic impact erosion in situ with micrometer- and nanosecond-level spatiotemporal resolution. We show, in real time, how metallic microparticles (~10-μm) cross from the regimes of rebound and bonding to the more extreme regime that involves erosion. We find that erosion in normal impact of ductile metallic materials is melt-driven, and establish a mechanistic framework to predict the erosion velocity.
Structure of the hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channel OSCA1.2
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Jiawei , Sun Linfeng
Published: November 2018

In plants, hyperosmolality stimuli triggers opening of the osmosensitive channels, leading to a rapid downstream signaling cascade initiated by cytosolic calcium concentration elevation. Members of the OSCA family in Arabidopsis thaliana, identified as the hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels, have been suggested to play a key role during the initial phase of hyperosmotic stress response. Here, we report the atomic structure of Arabidopsis OSCA1.2 determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. It contains 11 transmembrane helices and forms a homodimer. It is in an inactivated state, and the pore-lining residues are clearly identified. Its cytosolic domain contains a RNA recognition motif and two unique long helices. The linker between these two helices forms an anchor in the lipid bilayer and may be essential to osmosensing. The structure of AtOSCA1.2 serves as a platform for the study of the mechanism underlying osmotic stress responses and mechanosensing.
Broadened immunity against influenza by vaccination with computationally designed influenza virus N1 neuraminidase constructs
Authors: Job E. R. , Ysenbaert T. , Smet A. , Christopoulou I. , Strugnell T. , Oloo E. O. , Oomen R. P. , Kleanthous H. , Vogel T. U. , Saelens X.
Published: November 2018

Split inactivated influenza vaccines remain one of the primary preventative strategies against severe influenza disease in the population. However, current vaccines are only effective against a limited number of matched strains. The need for broadly protective vaccines is acute due to the high mutational rate of influenza viruses and multiple strain variants in circulation at any one time. The neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein expressed on the influenza virion surface has recently regained recognition as a valuable vaccine candidate. We sought to broaden the protection provided by NA within the N1 subtype by computationally engineering consensus NA sequences. Three NA antigens (NA5200, NA7900, NA9100) were designed based on sequence clusters encompassing three major groupings of NA sequence space; (i) H1N1 2009 pandemic and Swine H1N1, (ii) historical seasonal H1N1 and (iii) H1N1 viruses ranging from 1933 till current times. Recombinant NA proteins were produced as a vaccine and used in a mouse challenge model. The design of the protein dictated the protection provided against the challenge strains. NA5200 protected against H1N1 pdm09, a Swine isolate from 1998 and NIBRG-14 (H5N1). NA7900 protected against all seasonal H1N1 viruses tested, and NA9100 showed the broadest range of protection covering all N1 viruses tested. By passive transfer studies and serological assays, the protection provided by the cluster-based consensus (CBC) designs correlated to antibodies capable of mediating NA inhibition. Importantly, sera raised to the consensus NAs displayed a broader pattern of reactivity and protection than naturally occurring NAs, potentially supporting a predictive approach to antigen design.
The Effect of Ratio of Changing to Static Stimuli on the Attentional Capture
Authors: Ono Fuminori
Published: November 2018

Studies have shown that appearing or disappearing objects attract more attention than static objects. This study examined the modulation of attention attracted by transient signals by systematically manipulating the ratio of changing (appearing/disappearing) to static stimuli. The results revealed that the effect of transient stimuli in attracting attention was diminished by simultaneously appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli and that the position where nothing was presented (the remaining stimulus) attracted attention when the number of appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli was increased. These findings suggest that the sudden change does not always capture attention, and whether changed things are attended or unchanged things are attended is determined depending on the proportion of things that change and do not change.
Exploration of deep terrestrial subsurface microbiome in Late Cretaceous Deccan traps and underlying Archean basement, India
Authors: Dutta Avishek , Dutta Gupta Srimanti , Gupta Abhishek , Sarkar Jayeeta , Roy Sukanta , Mukherjee Abhijit , Sar Pinaki
Published: November 2018

Scientific deep drilling at Koyna, western India provides a unique opportunity to explore microbial life within deep biosphere hosted by ~65 Myr old Deccan basalt and Archaean granitic basement. Characteristic low organic carbon content, mafic/felsic nature but distinct trend in sulfate and nitrate concentrations demarcates the basaltic and granitic zones as distinct ecological habitats. Quantitative PCR indicates a depth independent distribution of microorganisms predominated by bacteria. Abundance of dsrB and mcrA genes are relatively higher (at least one order of magnitude) in basalt compared to granite. Bacterial communities are dominated by Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, whereas Euryarchaeota is the major archaeal group. Strong correlation among the abundance of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa is noted. Bacteria known for nitrite, sulfur and hydrogen oxidation represent the autotrophs. Fermentative, nitrate/sulfate reducing and methane metabolising microorganisms represent the heterotrophs. Lack of shared operational taxonomic units and distinct clustering of major taxa indicate possible community isolation. Shotgun metagenomics corroborate that chemolithoautotrophic assimilation of carbon coupled with fermentation and anaerobic respiration drive this deep biosphere. This first report on the geomicrobiology of the subsurface of Deccan traps provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand microbial composition and function in the terrestrial, igneous rock-hosted, deep biosphere.
PDGF enhances the protective effect of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Lopatina Tatiana , Favaro Enrica , Grange Cristina , Cedrino Massimo , Ranghino Andrea , Occhipinti Sergio , Fallo Sofia , Buffolo Fabrizio , Gaykalova Daria A. , Zanone Maria M. , Romagnoli Renato , Camussi Giovanni
Published: November 2018

We previously have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulates the biological activity of extracellular vesicles released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs). ASC-EVs may interact with blood and vessel cells by transferring proteins and nucleic acids and regulate their functions. In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory activity and protection from acute hindlimb ischemia of EVs released by PDGF-stimulated ASC (PDGF-EVs). PDGF treatment of ASC changed protein and RNA composition of released EVs by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors. In vitro, control EVs (cEVs) derived from non-stimulated ASC increased the secretion of both the IL-1b, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα pro-inflammatory factors and the IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor, and enhanced the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion on endothelium. In contrast, PDGF-EVs enhanced IL-10 secretion and induced TGF-β1 secretion by PBMC. Moreover, PDGF-EVs stimulated the formation of T regulatory cells. In vivo, PDGF-EVs protected muscle tissue from acute ischemia, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased T regulatory cell infiltration in respect to cEVs. Our results suggest that PDGF-EVs are enriched in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors and induced in PBMC an enhanced production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 resulting in protection of muscle from acute ischemia in vivo.
Orbital angular momentum dichroism in nanoantennas
Authors: Kerber R. M. , Fitzgerald J. M. , Oh S. S. , Reiter D. E. , Hess O.
Published: November 2018

When light interacts with matter, dichroism with respect to the handedness of circularly polarized light is well established. But what happens if the light further possesses an orbital angular momentum? In this paper, we discuss possible definitions of orbital angular momentum dichroism and define a new type of dichroism, the class dichroism. By numerically calculating the scattering cross-section spectra, we study the dichroism of a plasmonic nanostructure interacting with orbital angular momentum light. By considering the exemplary case of twisted, stacked nanorods, we show that the orbital angular momentum dichroism can be as strong as dichroism induced by circular polarization. We present a detailed classification of the different types of orbital angular momentum dichroism, which paves the way for new chiroptic spectroscopic techniques.
Three steps improving the sensitivity of sulfonamide immunodetection in milk
Authors: Burkin Maksim A. , Lapa Gennady B. , Galvidis Inna A. , Burkin Konstantin M. , Zubkov Alexander V. , Eremin Sergei A.
Published: November 2018

Three approaches improving the sensitivity of previously established immunoassays for broad detection of sulfonamides (SAs) in milk are described.
Naphthalene and perylene diimides – better alternatives to fullerenes for organic electronics?
Authors: Nowak-Król Agnieszka , Shoyama Kazutaka , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: November 2018

This highlight article gives an overview of the development of rylene diimide-based organic field-effect transistors and solar cells.
Unbalanced MOF-on-MOF growth for the production of a lopsided core–shell of MIL-88B@MIL-88A with mismatched cell parameters
Authors: Kim Dooyoung , Lee Gihyun , Oh Sojin , Oh Moonhyun
Published: November 2018

Atypical unbalanced MOF-on-MOF growth is demonstrated for the production of a lopsided core–shell of MIL-88B@MIL-88A with mismatched cell parameters.
Reactivity and energy level of a localized hole in liquid water
Authors: Ambrosio Francesco , Pasquarello Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Reaction and redox level of hole capture in liquid water from first principles.
Rational design and observation of the tight interface between graphene and ligand protected nanocrystals
Authors: Kim Byung Hyo , Bae Hyeonhu , Park Hyesung , Lee Hoonkyung , Ercius Peter , Park Jungwon
Published: November 2018

We rationally designed heterostructures of graphene and ligand protected nanocrystals, and systematically investigated their interface by Cs-TEM.
Conformational isomerism controls collective flexibility in metal–organic framework DUT-8(Ni)
Authors: Petkov Petko St. , Bon Volodymyr , Hobday Claire L. , Kuc Agnieszka B. , Melix Patrick , Kaskel Stefan , Düren Tina , Heine Thomas
Published: November 2018

The linker orientation in conformational isomers of DUT-8(Ni) determines the flexibility of this metal–organic framework.
Correction: Self-adaptive multiscaling algorithm for efficient simulations of many-protein systems in crowded conditions
Authors: Hassan Sergio A.
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Self-adaptive multiscaling algorithm for efficient simulations of many-protein systems in crowded conditions’ by Sergio A. Hassan et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05517c.
An overview on enhancing the stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots and their applications in phosphor-converted LEDs
Authors: Wei Yi , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: November 2018

The limited stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots impedes their broad applications and has received tremendous attention. The instability driven by structure, interface, etc. is summarized. Simultaneously, strategies such as compositional engineering and surface engineering towards enabling stable perovskite emitters are reviewed.
Spirocyclic tin salicyl alcoholates – a combined experimental and theoretical study on their structures, 119Sn NMR chemical shifts and reactivity in thermally induced twin polymerization
Authors: Kitschke Philipp , Preda Ana-Maria , Auer Alexander A. , Scholz Sebastian , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael
Published: November 2018

Studies on a series of spirocyclic tin salicyl alcoholates regarding their molecular structures and their reactivity in twin polymerization are presented.
Trifunctional metal–organic platform for environmental remediation: structural features with peripheral hydroxyl groups facilitate adsorption, degradation and reduction processes
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Ajay , Krishnan Venkata , Koner Rik Rani
Published: November 2018

A Cd(ii)-based metal–organic framework (MOF) has been demonstrated to have trifunctional properties, namely as an efficient and selective adsorbent for dyes, a visible-light-active photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes and a photocatalyst for Cr(vi) reduction.
Exploring the reversible host–guest chemistry of a crystalline octanuclear Ag(i) metallosupramolecular macrocycle formed from a simple pyrazinylpyridine ligand
Authors: Dalton Hannah L. , Lynes Amy D. , Twamley Brendan , Byrne Kevin , Schmitt Wolfgang , Hawes Chris S. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: November 2018

High nuclearity Ag(i) assemblies are prepared from simple polytopic ligands, including an octanuclear metallomacrocycle which exhibits reversible and selective guest exchange.
Immunostimulatory effect of kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and its constituents, β-cryptoxanthin andR-limonene
Authors: Terao Rina , Murata Akira , Sugamoto Kazuhiro , Watanabe Tomoko , Nagahama Kiyoko , Nakahara Keiko , Kondo Tomomi , Murakami Noboru , Fukui Keiichi , Hattori Hidemi , Eto Nozomu
Published: November 2018

The active constituents of kumquat in NK cell activation and anti-stress effects are β-cryptoxanthin andR-limonene.
Crosslinked poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide): a super efficient receptor for the removal and storage of iodine from solution and vapour phases
Authors: Bhaskarapillai Anupkumar , Thangaraj Vijayalakshmi , Srinivasan Madapuzi P. , Velmurugan Sankaralingam
Published: November 2018

A poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) has high capacity (>200% (w/w)) for molecular and ionic species of iodine.
Structural stability and optical properties of two-dimensional perovskite-like CsPb2Br5 microplates in response to pressure
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Li Fangfang , Qi Guangyu , Wang Lingrui , Liu Chuang , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: November 2018

The structural stability and visible light response of two-dimensional layered perovskite-like CsPb2Br5 microplates were investigated by in situ high-pressure technology.
A pH responsive fluorescent probe based on dye modified i-motif nucleic acids
Authors: Li Pan , Chen Zhe , Huang Yishun , Li Jing , Xiao Fan , Zhai Shiyao , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Xuanjun , Tian Leilei
Published: November 2018

DNA-AIEgen hybrids show pH-responsive AIE effects induced by the conformational changes of DNA upon pH variation.
A new method for electrodeposition of Al coatings from ionic liquids on AZ91D Mg alloy in air
Authors: Zhang Ding , Mu Yanguang , Li Haipu , Yang Zhaoguang , Yang Ying
Published: November 2018

Electrodeposition of Al on Mg alloys from ionic liquids has been achieved in air by introducing a solid water-adsorbent material as well as a liquid protective film in electroplating bath.
Characteristics of microcontact printing with polyelectrolyte ink for the precise preparation of patches on silica particles
Authors: Zimmermann Marc , Grigoriev Dmitry , Puretskiy Nikolay , Böker Alexander
Published: November 2018

A detailed analysis of microcontact printing on different sized silica particles using polyelectrolyte ink is presented including controlled patch geometries.
Facile synthesis of a flame retardant melamine phenylphosphate and its epoxy resin composites with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, smoke suppression and water resistance
Authors: Shi Yilun , Wang Zhengzhou , Zhou Jian-an
Published: November 2018

Melamine phenylphosphate (MPhP) was facilely synthesized and improved the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and water resistance of epoxy resin.
Mapping the polymorphic transformation gateway vibration in crystalline 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene
Authors: Zaczek Adam J. , Catalano Luca , Naumov Panče , Korter Timothy M.
Published: November 2018

A single lattice vibration at 15.5 cm−1 serves as a gateway for the polymorphic conversion of thermosalient 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene crystals.
Large enhancement of electrical transport properties of SnS in the out-of-plane direction by n-type doping: a combined ARPES and DFT study
Authors: Cui Juan , Chen Chaoyu , He Wenke , Avila José , Zhao Li-Dong , Asensio Maria C. , He Jiaqing , Chen Yue
Published: November 2018

The resonant states induced by pnictogen dopants and a more delocalized charge density suggest a potential improvement of the thermoelectric performance of SnS.
Ultrafine bimetallic Pt–Ni nanoparticles immobilized on 3-dimensional N-doped graphene networks: a highly efficient catalyst for dehydrogenation of hydrous hydrazine
Authors: Kumar Amit , Yang Xinchun , Xu Qiang
Published: November 2018

Ultrafine and uniformly dispersed bimetallic Pt–Ni nanoparticles (NPs) have been immobilized on novel 3-dimensional N-doped graphene networks (NGNs) by a facile wet chemical reduction method, which exhibit extremely high catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of hydrazine hydrate.
Phase selective organogel from an imine based gelator for use in oil spill recovery
Authors: Mondal Sanjoy , Bairi Partha , Das Sujoy , Nandi Arun K.
Published: November 2018

The superior gelling property of anthracene anchored Schiff base is used as a phase-selective gelator promoting it for oil spill recovery from oil–water mixtures, even in the presence of salts, acids and bases.
First-principles investigation on tunable electronic properties and magnetism by polarization in PbTiO3/BiFeO3 2D ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Wenxuan , Chen Dong , Zhang Guangbiao , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Yuanxu
Published: November 2018

The magnetism and 2D electron gas in a BFO layer are manipulated by PTO polarization in PTO/BFO heterostructures.
How to predict the location of the defect levels induced by 3d transition metal ions at octahedral sites of aluminate phosphors
Authors: Qu Bingyan , Zhou Rulong , Wang Lei , Dorenbos Pieter
Published: November 2018

First estimate (left) and accurate estimate (right) of the defect levels of 3d-TM ions at the octahedral sites of aluminate phosphors.
Functional cardiac orexin receptors: role of orexin-B/orexin 2 receptor in myocardial protection
Authors: Patel Vanlata H. , Karteris Emmanouil , Chen Jing , Kyrou Ioannis , Mattu Harman S. , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Rodrigo Glenn , Antoniades Charalambos , Antonopoulos Alexios , Tan Bee K. , Hillhouse Edward W. , Ng Andre , Randeva Harpal S.
Published: November 2018

Orexins/hypocretins exert cardiovascular effects which are centrally mediated. In the present study, we tested whether orexins and their receptors may also act in an autocrine/paracrine manner in the heart exerting direct effects. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses revealed that the rat heart expresses orexins and orexin receptors (OXR). In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, only orexin-B (OR-B) caused an increase in contractile shortening, independent of diastolic or systolic calcium levels. A specific orexin receptor-2 (OX2R) agonist ([Ala11, d-Leu15]-Orexin B) exerted similar effects as OR-B, whereas a specific orexin receptor-1 (OX1R) antagonist (SB-408124) did not alter the responsiveness of OR-B. Treatment of the same model with OR-B resulted in a dose-dependent increase in myosin light chain and troponin-I (TnI) phosphorylation. Following ischaemia/reperfusion in the isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart model, OR-B, but not OR-A, exerts a cardioprotective effect; mirrored in an in vivo model as well. Unlike OR-A, OR-B was also able to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt phosphorylation in rat myocardial tissue and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human heart samples. These findings were further corroborated in an in vivo rat model. In human subjects with heart failure, there is a significant negative correlation between the expression of OX2R and the severity of the disease clinical symptoms, as assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. Collectively, we provide evidence of a distinct orexin system in the heart that exerts a cardioprotective role via an OR-B/OX2R pathway.
Interference alignment in MIMO interference broadcast channels with imperfect CSI
Authors: Atbaei Zakiyeh , Tadaion Aliakbar
Published: November 2018

In this study, the authors propose four interference alignment (IA) schemes for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference broadcast channels (IBCs) under imperfect channel state information (CSI). They propose two new algorithms based on minimising the leakage of the interference signals under a generalised imperfect CSI model from two new points of view. The first algorithm is based on alternating minimisation algorithm. The second proposed algorithm is an improved version of minimum weighted leakage interference algorithm with a faster convergence rate. Inspired by the CSI uncertainty model, the authors present two robust IA algorithms based on exploiting stochastic properties of the CSI mismatch. The first one is based on joint signal and IA which reduces the leakage of the interference signals outside the interference subspace and forces the intended signal to fall into the orthogonal complement of the interference subspace. The second algorithm maximises the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) in a per‐user‐based approach, while the existing maximum SINR (MSINR) algorithm in literature is a per‐stream‐based approach. The authors illustrate that the proposed MSINR algorithm requires less channel information and has less computational costs compared to the existing MSINR. The superiority of the proposed schemes over the existing algorithms are confirmed by simulation examples.
Highly reliable joining for high‐temperature power modules: Ni–Sn DSLID with an Al sheet
Authors: Ito Hirofumi , Kuwahara Makoto , Kadoura Hiroaki , Usui Masanori
Published: November 2018

Highly reliable operation at high temperatures is required for next‐generation power modules in electric vehicles. We propose a joining concept involving nickel–tin (Ni–Sn) double solid–liquid interdiffusion with an aluminium (Al) sheet (Ni–Sn DSLID/Al), which enables the production of modules with high thermal reliability. The use of Ni–Sn DSLID/Al joint as bonding layers for a large thermal coefficient mismatch [silicon (Si) chip: 3.9 × 10−6 K−1, copper electrode plate: 16.5 × 10−6 K−1] effectively decreased the compressive stress to 250 MPa in the Si chip, compared with that of a conventional Ni–Sn SLID joint (500 MPa) after joining. Moreover, the stress was relaxed when heating to 200°C during thermal cycling (from −40 to 200°C), due to the plastic and creep deformations of the inserted Al sheet. In addition, Ni–Sn DSLID/Al joint suppressed crack propagation during thermal cycling and exhibited higher thermal durability than Ni–Sn SLID and Sn–10% antimony solder joints up to 500 cycles, due to the higher resistances of the plastic and creep deformations of the inserted Al sheet. The present concept demonstrates great potential for use in fabricating joints for next‐generation power modules.
Telluric correction in the near-infrared: Standard star or synthetic transmission?
Authors: Ulmer-Moll S. , Figueira P. , Neal J. J. , Santos N. C. , Bonnefoy M.
Published: November 2018

Context. The atmospheric absorption of the Earth is an important limiting factor for ground-based spectroscopic observations and the near-infrared and infrared regions are the most affected. Several software packages that produce a synthetic atmospheric transmission spectrum have been developed to correct for the telluric absorption; these are Molecfit, TelFit, and Transmissions Atmosphériques Personnalisées pour l’AStronomie (TAPAS).

Aims. Our goal is to compare the correction achieved using these three telluric correction packages and the division by a telluric standard star. We want to evaluate the best method to correct near-infrared high-resolution spectra as well as the limitations of each software package and methodology.

Methods. We applied the telluric correction methods to CRIRES archival data taken in the J and K bands. We explored how the achieved correction level varies depending on the atmospheric T-P profile used in the modelling, the depth of the atmospheric lines, and the molecules creating the absorption.

Results. We found that the Molecfit and TelFit corrections lead to smaller residuals for the water lines. The standard star method corrects best the oxygen lines. The Molecfit package and the standard star method corrections result in global offsets always below 0.5% for all lines; the offset is similar with TelFit and TAPAS for the H2O lines and around 1% for the O2 lines. All methods and software packages result in a scatter between 3% and 7% inside the telluric lines. The use of a tailored atmospheric profile for the observatory leads to a scatter two times smaller, and the correction level improves with lower values of precipitable water vapour.

Conclusions. The synthetic transmission methods lead to an improved correction compared to the standard star method for the water lines in the J band with no loss of telescope time, but the oxygen lines were better corrected by the standard star method.
Masses, oxygen, and carbon abundances in CHEPS dwarf stars
Authors: Pavlenko Y. V. , Kaminsky B. M. , Jenkins J. S. , Ivanyuk O. M. , Jones H. R. A. , Lyubchik Y. P.
Published: November 2018

Context. We report the results from the determination of stellar masses, carbon, and oxygen abundances in the atmospheres of 107 stars from the Calan-Hertfordshire Extrasolar Planet Search (CHEPS) programme. Our stars are drawn from a population with a significantly super-solar metallicity. At least 10 of these stars are known to host orbiting planets.

Aims. In this work, we set out to understand the behaviour of carbon and oxygen abundance in stars with different spectral classes, metallicities, and V sin i within the metal-rich stellar population.

Methods. Masses of these stars were determined using data from Gaia DR2. Oxygen and carbon abundances were determined by fitting the absorption lines. We determined oxygen abundances with fits to the 6300.304 Å O I line, and we used 3 lines of the C I atom and 12 lines of the C2 molecule for the determination of carbon abundances.

Results. We determine masses and abundances of 107 CHEPS stars. There is no evidence that the [C/O] ratio depends on V sin i or the mass of the star within our constrained range of masses, i.e. 0.82 < M*∕M⊙ < 1.5 and metallicities − 0.27 < [Fe∕H] < +0.39. We also confirm that metal-rich dwarf stars with planets are more carbon rich in comparison with non-planet host stars with a statistical significance of 96%.

Conclusions. We find tentative evidence that there is a slight offset to lower abundance and a greater dispersion in oxygen abundances relative to carbon. We interpret this as potentially arising because the production of oxygen is more effective at more metal-poor epochs. We also find evidence that for lower mass stars the angular momentum loss in stars with planets as measured by V sin i is steeper than stars without planets. In general, we find that the fast rotators (V sin i > 5 km s−1) are massive stars.
Estimation of daily mean temperatures: an accurate method for the Douro Valley
Authors: Real António C. , Borges José , Oliveira Carlos B.
Published: November 2018

Air temperature data from many locations worldwide are only available as series of daily minima and maxima temperatures. Historically, several different approaches have been used to estimate the actual daily mean temperature, as only in the last two or three decades automatic thermometers are able to compute its actual value. The most common approach is to estimate it by averaging the daily minima and maxima. When only daily minima and maxima are available, an alternative approach, proposed by Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner in 2006, uses the two daily extremes together with next day minima temperature and a coefficient related to the local daily astronomical sunset time. Additionally, the method uses two optimizable coefficients related to the region’s temperature profile. In order to use this approach it is necessary to optimize the region’s unknown parameters. For this optimization, it is necessary a dataset containing the maxima, minima, and the actual daily mean temperatures for at least one year. In this research, for the period 2007-2014, we used three datasets of minima, maxima and actual mean temperatures obtained at three automatic meteorological stations located in the Douro Valley to optimize the two unknown parameters in the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Moreover, we compared the actual mean daily temperatures available from the three datasets with the correspondent values estimated by using i) the usual approach of averaging the daily maxima and minima temperatures and ii) the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Results show that the former approach overestimates, on average, the daily mean temperatures by 0.5ºC. The Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach showed to be a better approximation of mean temperatures for the three meteorological stations used in this research, being unbiased relative to the actual mean values of daily temperatures. In conclusion, this research confirms that the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner is a better approach to estimate the mean daily temperatures and provides the optimized parameters for three sites located at each of the three sub-regions of the Douro Valley (Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo and Douro Superior).
Retrospective analysis of GLEs and estimates of radiation risks
Authors: Miroshnichenko Leonty I.
Published: November 2018

28 February 2017 marked 75 years since the first confident registration of solar cosmic rays (SCRs), i.e., accelerated solar particles with energies from about 106to ~1010÷ 1011eV. Modern state of the problems related to the studies of Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) of relativistic SCRs is critically analyzed based on available direct and proxy data. We are also taking into account extremely large fluxes of non-relativistic solar energetic particles (SEPs). Both kinds of SCR events are of great astrophysical and geo-scientific (geophysical) interests. A number of the GLE properties (total statistics, occurrence rate, longitude distribution, ranking of GLEs, a number of specific GLEs – so-called “rogue” SEP events etc.) are discussed in some detail. We note also the problems of GLE identification (definition) by ground-based observations, the difficulties in the studies of weak (“hidden”, or sub-) GLEs etc. One of serious challenges to the problem of radiation hazard in space is a lack of a clear, unambiguous relation between the fluxes (fluences) of relativistic SCR and non-relativistic SEPs. Special attention is paid to the recent debate on the validity, origin and properties of the “ancient” events AD775, AD994, AD1859 (Carrington event) and BC3372. We demonstrate that, in spite of existing uncertainties in proton fluences above 30 MeV, all of them are fitted well by a unique distribution function, at least, with the present level of solar activity. Extremely large SEP events are shown to obey a probabilistic distribution on their fluences with a sharp break in the range of large fluences (or low probabilities). The studies of this kind may be extended for periods with different levels of solar activity in the past and/or in the future. Dose rates at aircraft altitudes are also demonstrated during some GLEs. Several examples of using the SCR data and GLE properties in radiation prediction schemes are considered.
Alginat bei Bedarf als Add-on bei unzureichendem Effekt von Protonenpumpen-Hemmern bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Reflux-Krankheit
Authors: Müller Matthias , Labenz Gisela , Borkenstein Daniela-P. , Labenz Joachim ,   LOPA Studiengruppe
Published: November 2018

Einleitung Chronische Reflux-Patienten mit Langzeit-PPI-Therapie haben häufig persistierende Symptome. Eine wesentliche Ursache hierfür ist die Acid-Pocket, die lokal durch Alginate wirksam behandelt werden kann.

Methoden In einer prospektiven, multizentrischen, nicht randomisierten, nicht interventionellen und unkontrollierten Studie in hausärztlichen Praxen wurden Reflux-Patienten mit einer PPI-Dauertherapie über ≥ 1 Jahr, die mit ihrer Behandlung unzufrieden waren, über 14 Tage mit einem Alginat nach Bedarf (bis zu 4 ×/Tag) behandelt. Es wurde die Frequenz der Symptome in der Woche vor Therapie und in der zweiten Behandlungswoche erfasst, zusätzlich der validierte GERD-Q-Score. Die Patienten gaben ihre Zufriedenheit mit der Therapie vor Beginn und am Ende der Studienperiode auf einer 5-Punkt-Likert-Skala an (1: sehr unzufrieden; 5: zufrieden). Primärer Endpunkt der Studie war die Verbesserung der Zufriedenheit um ≥ 1 Punkt.

Ergebnisse 155 Patienten (54 % Frauen, medianes Alter 57 Jahre [Bereich 18 – 85 Jahre]) wurden rekrutiert. 6 Patienten wurden von der Wirksamkeitsanalyse ausgeschlossen, da sie entweder die Studienmedikation nicht genommen hatten oder nicht zur Abschlussvisite erschienen. Die mediane Krankheitsdauer lag bei 8 Jahren (Bereich 1 – 50 Jahre), die mediane Dauer der PPI-Langzeittherapie bei 6 Jahren. In der Studie nahmen die Patienten im Mittel 3 Sachets des Studienmedikaments pro Tag. Die Alginat-Therapie führte bei 72 % der Patienten zu einer Verbesserung der Therapiezufriedenheit um mindestens 1 Punkt (1 Punkt: n = 45, 2 Punkte: n = 41, 3 Punkte: n = 16, 4 Punkte: n = 5). Patienten mit einem GERD-Q-Score > 8 sprachen häufiger auf die Therapie an (81 %). Die Verbesserung umfasste alle typischen Reflux-Symptome und Schlafstörungen. Die Therapie wurde gut vertragen.

Diskussion Eine Reflux-Blockade mit einem Alginat als Add-on ist eine wirksame und sichere Option zur Behandlung von Durchbruchsymptomen bei GERD-Patienten mit PPI-Therapie.
Surgical Management of Cervical Vertebral Fractures in Two Dogs with Severe Concurrent Vertebral Venous Plexus Hemorrhage
Authors: Guthrie James , Fitzpatrick Noel
Published: November 2018

Surgical repair of fractures and luxations of the cranial cervical vertebrae can be complicated by vertebral venous plexus hemorrhage following fracture fragment manipulation and realignment. Severe hemorrhage is potentially life threatening and may preclude definitive surgical fixation if it cannot be acceptably controlled and interferes with fixation technique. This report describes this scenario and a surgical strategy in two dogs with fractures of the second cervical vertebra. The surgical technique to limit hemorrhage included the insertion of the pins into the vertebrae, placement of collagen fleece, and autogenous cancellous bone graft over the fracture site, and while the polymethylmethacrylate cement was still within the liquid phase, axial traction was employed. The long-term outcome was considered excellent with both dogs able to ambulate unassisted and free from signs of pain. Although it is uncommon, severe vertebral venous plexus hemorrhage can occur during cervical vertebrae fracture repair. This technique provides a means to achieve internal fixation while concurrently limiting hemorrhage.
The Current Online Face of U.S. Academic Ophthalmology
Authors: Begaj Tedi , Helmy Omar , Leeman Samuel , Schaal Shlomit
Published: November 2018

Purpose To evaluate the comprehensiveness and navigation ease of online content from Web sites of U.S. academic ophthalmology departments.

Design Cross-sectional analysis of 117 U.S. academic ophthalmology department Web sites from October 1 to October 31, 2017.

Methods Data were obtained on various categories, including: clinical access and subspecialty services, social media, patient support and accessibility, residency and fellowship details, and research and faculty characteristics. Percent of Web sites possessing each feature was calculated. In addition, a comparison of content completeness and navigation metrics of Web sites between the US News and World Report top 13 ranked departments and the remaining 96 that possess an ophthalmology residency was performed.

Results Greater than 80% of Web sites list a basic core of information online: address, contact information, resident and faculty characteristics, and clinical expertise. However, only 69.2% have capabilities to donate online and 59.8% supply educational material for common eye conditions. Less than half of institutions list emergency and trauma, oncology, and low-vision rehabilitation services; only 49.6% provide a social network platform. Strikingly, accessibility features are limited; scalable text, changeable color, and multilingual capabilities are available in 20.5, 4.3, and 8.5% of Web sites, respectively. In the comparison of top 13 departments with the remaining 96, the high-ranking departments possess more Web site features, but are just as efficient to navigate.

Conclusion U.S. academic ophthalmology departments in 2017 provide a basic foundation of online content, but few contain abundant features from the viewpoints of different users.