bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical MAP kinases – new insights and directions from amoeba
Authors: Hadwiger Jeffrey A. , Aranda Ramee G. , Fatima Saher
Published: October 2023

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been the focus of many studies over the past several decades, but the understanding of one subgroup of MAPKs, orthologs of MAPK15, known as atypical MAPKs, has lagged behind others. In most organisms, specific activating signals or downstream responses of atypical MAPK signaling pathways have not yet been identified even though these MAPKs are associated with many eukaryotic processes, including cancer and embryonic development. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that are shedding new light on both the regulation and function of atypical MAPKs in different organisms. In particular, the analysis of the atypical MAPK in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has revealed important roles in chemotactic responses and gene regulation. The rapid and transient phosphorylation of the atypical MAPK in these responses suggest a highly regulated activation mechanism in vivo despite the ability of atypical MAPKs to autophosphorylate in vitro. Atypical MAPK function can also impact the activation of other MAPKs in amoeba. These advances are providing new perspectives on possible MAPK roles in animals that have not been previously considered, and this might lead to the identification of potential targets for regulating cell movement in the treatment of diseases.
T2 Hamstring Muscle Activation during the Single-Leg Roman Chair: Impact of Prior Injury
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Vicente-Mampel Juan , Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , Baraja-Vegas Luis , Bautista Iker Javier
Published: October 2023

Introduction/Purpose

Previous studies have shown inhibition of previously injured hamstrings during eccentric exercises, but it is unknown whether this effect is also present during an isometric position-control exercise such as the single-leg Roman chair hold (SLRCH).

Methods

This cross-sectional study investigated muscle activation during the SLRCH in individuals with prior hamstring injuries. Twelve recreationally active male soccer players and athletes performed the SLRCH with a five-repetition maximum load. Muscle activation was assessed using the transverse relaxation (T2) time for the biceps femoris long and short heads (BFlh and BFsh), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus, and adductor magnus and compared within and between legs. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was also quantified.

Results

T2 times significantly increased for all muscles except the adductor magnus in both legs. In both legs, the ST showed a significantly larger increase in T2 time compared with all other muscles. The BFlh showed a significantly smaller increase in T2 time in the injured leg compared with the uninjured leg (−7.1%), whereas there were no significant differences between legs for the other muscles. Muscle CSA for any of the muscles did not significantly differ between the injured and uninjured legs.

Conclusion

The ST was preferentially activated during the SLRCH in both the uninjured and injured legs, but the magnitude of preferential activation was smaller (~10%) than observed previously during eccentric exercises (~17%–30%). Furthermore, the BFlh in the previously injured leg was activated less compared with the BFlh in the uninjured leg, despite no differences in muscle CSA.
Language ideologies and beliefs about language in Estonia and Estonian language planning
Authors: Lindström Liina , Risberg Lydia , Plado Helen
Published: October 2023

Throughout Estonian history, the language ideologies prevailing in Europe have had great influence on Estonian language planning. Language planners, in turn, have influenced the views of Estonian society. In this paper we analyse how language ideologies have supported myths and beliefs throughout the history of cultivating Standard Estonian. The privileged status of Standard Estonian (compared to local dialects) strengthened considerably from the early 20th century. Although Estonian language planning became more tolerant and democratic since the 1980s, a totalitarian understanding of the language still remains in the background. Using foreign words and the mixing of languages and registers is considered especially objectionable due to the ideology of a small nation, which has to defend itself and its language.
In the 2020s, discussions about language change and the principles of language planning re-emerged. These have been interesting, because language planning wishes to make the “top-down” language norms of Standard Estonian closer to actual language use, while language maintenance experts still see any potential changes as a threat to the Estonian language and even the nation.

Kokkuvõte. Liina Lindström, Lydia Risberg, Helen Plado: Keeleideoloogiad ja uskumused keele kohta Eestis ja eesti keelekorralduses. Euroopas valitsevad keeleideoloogiad on aja jooksul eesti keelekorraldusele suurt mõju avaldanud. Keelekorraldajad on omakorda mõjutanud eesti ühiskonnas valitsevaid arusaamu. Artiklis analüüsime, kuidas keeleideoloogiad on alates 19. sajandist toetanud müüte ja uskumusi eesti kirjakeele kohta. 20. sajandi algul tugevnes kirjakeele staatus (võrreldes kohalike murretega) järsku, samuti süvenes hoiak, et on olemas „õige“ ja „vale“ keel. Kuigi eesti keelekorraldus muutus alates 1980. aastatest leebemaks ja demokraatlikumaks, on taustal püsinud siiski totalitaarne arusaam keelest. Võõrsõnu ja keelte ning registrite segamist peetakse eriti halvaks ideoloogia tõttu eestlastest kui väikesest rahvast, kes on pidanud ja peab ennast ja oma keelt pidevalt kaitsma.

2020. aastatel järjekordselt esile kerkinud uued arutelud on huvitavad, sest keelekorraldus soovib norminguid hoida tegeliku keelekasutusega kooskõlas, kuid keeletoimetajad ja õpetajad näevad võimalikke muudatusi ohuna nii eesti keelele kui isegi rahvusele. Niisiis on pika aja jooksul levinud keeleideoloogiad eestlastes tugevalt juurdunud.
Design of 2.45GHz Circularly Polarized Tag Antenna
Authors: Pan Chung-Long , T. Wang Shuming , Chen Ping-Cheng , Chen Yen-Fu
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the design and development of a circularly polarized (CP) tag antenna to overcome the polarization mismatch between the reader antenna and the tag antenna in RFID systems. This CP antenna is designed at 2.4 GHz for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. It consists of a simple square loop loaded with an open gap, two feeding strips, and a matching stub. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a dielectric loss tangent of 0.02, and a thickness of 0.8mm. In order to achieve conjugate matching between the circular tag antenna and the tag chip, the technique of loading a matching short line on the tag chip was used. Additionally, the radiation of circular polarization (CP) was achieved by placing an open gap and two feeding strips on the square loop. Through electromagnetic simulation analysis, the antenna performance is evaluated. The reflection coefficient (S11) at 2.45 GHz is measured to be - 17.16db, indicating good impedance matching. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 0.19 GHz (7.7%), covering the frequency range of 2.34 GHz to 2.53 GHz. The 10db power reflection bandwidth is approximately 8.9% (2.33 GHz to 2.55 GHz), ensuring broad operational bandwidth. The antenna also exhibits a favorable antenna gain of 2.29dBi. This study successfully demonstrates the design and performance evaluation of a CP tag antenna for RFID applications
Permissive activity in the mechanism of public administration
Authors: Andrichenko Lyudmila , Gorenskaya Elena , Emel'yanov Aleksandr , Efremov Aleksey , Zyryanov Sergey , Kabytov Pavel , Kazancev Nikolay , Kalmykova Anastasiya , Kuznecov Vladimir , Morozov Andrey , Nudel' Stanislav , Oleynik Oksana , Pomazanskiy Andrey , Putilo Natal'ya , Starodubova Olesya , Tereschenko Lyudmila , Schuplecova Yuliya
Published: October 2023

In the monograph, based on the modern legal doctrine and regulatory legal framework, it is planned to identify the essence, functions and legal nature of permits, systematize them, determine the goals of licensing activities and organizational and legal forms of its implementation, principles of legal regulation of the licensing system, conduct a comprehensive analysis of public relations in this area and the legislation regulating them, as well as formulate scientifically based proposals for improving the relevant institute of administrative law.
The authors in the context of licensing activities will investigate the legal nature of the license, registration, special permit, admission, special pass, issue, approval, certificate, verification, examination, certification, accreditation, certification, quotas, special law, certification, etc. This study will be both theoretical and applied (in terms of implementation licensing activities in certain branches of public administration). It is supposed to use historical-legal and comparative-legal (comparative) methods.
The publication is intended for civil servants, students, postgraduates, researchers, as well as those who are interested in issues of licensing activities in Russia.
Volterra integral equation in Banach space
Authors: Sapronov Ivan
Published: October 2023

Despite the significant results achieved in the study of operator equations (including Volterra equations) in normalized Banach spaces, fundamental research in this field of mathematics attracts the attention of a huge number of mathematicians around the world. The solutions of the Volterra equation describe many important processes in various fields of science and technology. Studies of various inverse problems, experimental or experimental data processing problems related to the study of spherical or axisymmetric plasma formations, numerous mathematical models of the existence of various biological systems lead to the consideration and solution of this type of integral equations. A great contribution to the development of this theory was made by N.A. Magnitsky, L.I. Panov, A.N. Tikhonov, M.M. Lavrentiev and others. Fundamental results were obtained in the study of multiple operator equations with singularities in various functional spaces. Solutions depending on many parameters were constructed for the above equations. Currently, such problems are considered in spaces of arbitrary dimension and with coefficients having a derivative of finite order. In this paper, a finite set of solutions in a certain functional space is constructed for an integral equation of the first kind. The kernel of the integral operator has a finite order and is sufficiently differentiable near zero. The integral equation under consideration is reduced to an integro-differential equation representing two terms. For the first term, it is possible to solve the corresponding inhomogeneous equation and obtain a set of solutions in some functional normalized space. For the second term, we obtain an equation with an operator whose norm in some operator space is arbitrarily small near zero. Such splitting of the integral operator makes it possible to construct a partial and general solution of the corresponding integro-differential equation in the form of convergent equations. Applying modern methods of functional analysis, it is possible, by studying two separate equations, to construct a multiparametric family of solutions with values in some Banach space with weight for the original equation under consideration.
Calculation of local resistance coefficient at isothermal flow of non-Newtonian non-compressible liquid in cylindrical channel with sudden narrowing
Authors: Khvostov A. , Zhuravlev A. , Shipilova Elena , Boger A.
Published: October 2023

The engineering calculation and construction of the extrusion tool in the form of cylindrical forming channels with sudden narrowing is associated with the determination of the coefficient of resistance of sudden narrowing and local pressure losses. The available theoretical and experimental data on the values of the resistance coefficient of sudden narrowing are contradictory, approximate in nature and, in some cases, do not take into account the rheological properties of the liquid. Their use to calculate local pressure losses under laminar flow conditions leads to significant errors. To eliminate the indicated problems, a mathematical statement of the problem of isothermal stationary laminar flow of non-Newtonian non-compressible fluid in an axisymmetric channel with sudden narrowing was formulated. The mathematical model of flow in spatial formulation is formalized in the form of equations for preserving momentum and mass. As a rheological model, the Carreau model is taken, taking into account the presence of finite viscosity values at marginal shear rates. The numerical solution of the problem was performed by the finite element method using the Comsol MultiphysicsTM CFD modeling package. As a result of the solution, the picture of the current of the non-Newtonian medium was restored in the form of the distribution of current lines, kinematic and dynamic flow parameters. The impact of Reynolds number on change of geometric characteristics of flow structure, kinematic and dynamic flow parameters was evaluated. Values of local resistance coefficient and pressure losses for overcoming sudden narrowing for selected flow modes are calculated. The results of computational experiments are summarized in the form of a criterion ratio for calculating the coefficient of local resistances depending on the Reynolds number.
Design route and testing of RTL analog blocks of the CAD software and analytical complex
Authors: Shehovcov Dmitriy , Stoyanov Sergey Vital'evich , Skvortsova Tatyana , Oksyuta O.
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the stages of development of domestic CAD designed for the design of various digital devices of microelectronics. The presented works were carried out by VGLTU together with ROSELECTRONICS Holding. An important process in the development of CAD is the design of analog RTL (Register Transfer Level) blocks that determine the logic of the device functioning at a low level. This development needs to build a design route and test RTL blocks, for the practical implementation of which the programming languages of the Verilog and SystemVerilog microcontrollers were used. At the beginning, the CAD testing route is described in detail with a detailed description of its stages. Then the cells of functional SF blocks were generated, and the algorithm of its generation was given. The distinctive features of the conducted analysis is the ability to conduct testing for analog blocks. At the end, various testing methods were used, including functional testing, performance testing at various loads and verification of compliance with specifications. Also, the simulation of the operation of the units at different operating frequencies and with changing parameters was carried out. In conclusion, we described the process of installing CAD on the developer's workstation, which is necessary for the correct use of the PCB in the Cadence environment.
Intermidialidade na instapoesia de Daniel Minchoni
Authors: Miranda Roberta Santos , Da Rocha Marlúcia Mendes
Published: October 2023

A evolução dos meios tecnológicos trouxe inovações estéticas à criação literária, a exemplo da poesia, que possui como alternativa de concepção absorver características da linguagem digital. Essa convergência midiática entre linguagens tem modificado as instâncias de produção de textos, e a poesia encontra na rede social Instagram, um campo propício para criação e veiculação, tornando-se uma vitrine que difunde e inspira trabalhos de artistas de diversas gerações. Conhecidos como “Instapoetas”, escritores como Daniel Minchoni (@danielminchoni), produzem conteúdo literário nesse espaço cultural, virtual e plural para expor e criar poesia digital e instagramável a partir das ferramentas disponibilizadas pelo aplicativo. Para compreender essa relação entre a palavra e a imagem da palavra, o processo de transformação midiática, no qual o elemento visual se funde com a palavra, os estudos sobre Intermidialidade, de Lars Elleström e Claus Cluver bem como sobre a Literatura e outras linguagens de Beth Brait fundamentam esta pesquisa.
Literatura em campo expandido: práticas intermidiáticas de criação literária e artística no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: Martoni Alex , Ribas Maria Cristina Cardoso , Diniz Thaïs Flores Nogueira
Published: October 2023

A emergência de novos meios técnicos de registro, processamento e transmissão de palavras, sons e imagens nas últimas décadas implicou uma profunda expansão das formas de narratividade e produção poética. Nesse contexto, linguagens, meios e formas de expressão próprias a diferentes domínios artísticos e midiáticos passaram a constituir um campo de permanente negociação entre processos de tradução, adaptação, migração, apropriação e hibridismo. No que diz respeito, particularmente, à literatura, as distintas formas de mediação à qual ela está sujeita (página impressa, tela, som, imagem e corpo) vêm constituindo novos horizontes de reflexão teórico-crítica em consonância com a ampliação vertiginosa de experiências intermidiáticas na produção literária contemporânea, como a inserção de fotografias e documentos na página impressa, a experimentação verbivocovisual no âmbito da tela, as interseções entre poesia, voz e performance, e o aspecto transcultural das adaptações literárias para o cinema e os quadrinhos, sem esquecer as fortes implicações deste mosaico composicional nos processos de apropriação, releitura e reescritura. Partindo da noção de que a ação comunicativa ocorre por meio de dispositivos que misturam mídias (BRUHN, 2020), os estudos de intermidialidade se apresentam, contemporaneamente, como um campo produtivo para se compreender a configuração e os efeitos deste consórcio entre campos e objetos, seja em sua interface com os estudos interartes (CLÜVER, 2019), em sua perspectiva arqueológica (MÜLLER, 2020) ou em seu cruzamento com os estudos de multimodalidade e semiótica social (ELLESTRÖM, 2021). A teórica alemã Irina Rajewsky (2012) propõe, para a abordagem literária da intermidialidade, três categorias voltadas à identificação dessas diferentes configurações e qualidades intermidiáticas específicas: a transposição, que consiste na transformação de um produto de mídia em outro, como ocorre, por exemplo, nas adaptações; a combinação, em que diferentes formas midiáticas convivem, como na ópera, no teatro e nas instalações artísticas; e as referências, em que se evocam, imitam, recriam ou tematizam elementos constitutivos de outras mídias. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente dossiê tem por objetivo fazer um mapeamento das diferentes práticas de criação literárias e artísticas no mundo contemporâneo, colocando em relevo os processos intermidiáticos que lhes impõem diferentes configurações qualitativas, bem como seus efeitos no plano da produção de sentidos.
Mayores en riesgo de exclusión social y coronavirus: ¿Cómo ha afectado el confinamiento?
Authors: González Sánchez Paula , Martínez Fernández Noelia , Mateo Ballesta Nuria , De la fuente Güenes Fernando
Published: October 2023

Las personas mayores de 65 años durante el periodo de pandemia por coronavirus (Covid-19), han vivido cambios en sus hábitos y emociones. Somos conocedores/as de que los mayores en situación de aislamiento y/o soledad tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar demencia, deterioros cognitivos, presentan mayor riesgo de caídas y reingresos hospitalarios, etc. Por ello hemos centrado el objetivo de este trabajo, en conocer cómo está afectando la situación de confinamiento a las personas mayores, en los diferentes niveles: funcional, cognitivo y emocional. Además de relacionar cómo las posibles emociones negativas pueden afectar a la hora de ejecutar las actividades de la vida diaria.
The enablers and barriers for becoming research active
Authors: Whayman Kathy
Published: October 2023

Kathy Whayman examines the enablers and barriers that impact gastrointestinal nurses’ involvement in carrying out research, specifically exploring their activity, impact and appetite
Polycentric governance in practice: the case of Ukraine’s decentralised crisis response during the Russo-Ukrainian war
Authors: Keudel Oleksandra , Huss Oksana
Published: October 2023

Public choice scholars have long argued that the decentralisation of governance has substantial benefits, though the specific context is necessary to understand why and how it works well. This article provides an Ostromian analysis of decentralised governance in Ukraine based on a wartime survey of 204 Ukrainian local authorities (LAs), in-depth interviews and focus groups with LA representatives. The article identifies empirical evidence of three mechanisms of polycentricity at play locally in Ukraine: the facilitation of local knowledge; resource mobilisation; and the enablement of experimentation and innovation. One year into the full-scale Russian invasion, empirical insights from Ukraine demonstrate how a polycentric governance system can contribute to resilience in a protracted and extreme crisis. The research findings also highlight the critical role of personal communication and technology in enabling social innovation that supports resilience.
Objectifying and Objecting Objects: Looting to Rooting? How the American Black Lives Matter Movement Influences French Restitution in Benin
Authors: Djos-Raph Sarah
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In the West African country of Benin, the restitution of some key anthropomorphic statues bearing royal emblems has become a reality, in part thanks to the American Black Lives Matter Movement. This article highlights how the restitution of the art objects was undoubtedly aided by the fight of Felwine Sarr, Bénédicte Savoy, Marie-Cécile Zinsou, Assa Traoré, and feminist-led anti-racism organizations. Furthermore, this paper describes the importance of these returned artifacts for defending, conserving, and expanding modern art in Benin, a country that is at the forefront of offering a contemporary decolonized foundation.
Alignment-assisted efficient Liquid Crystal Loaded Phase Tuning of Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Kumari Sneha , Kallega Rakshitha , Shelwade Sneha , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate an efficient liquid crystal phase tuning of a silicon photonic device using alignment-assist features. The proposed scheme offers a 77% improvement in the tuning efficiency compared to un-assisted liquid crystal tuning.
Using Machine Learning Pattern Recognition to Enhance Silicon Photonic Design and Fabrication
Authors: Xu D.-X. , Zhang J. H. , Melati D. , Al-Digeil M. , Zheng Y. , Janz S. , Schmid J. H. , Cheben P. , Grinberg Y. , Gostimirovic D. , Zhang G. , Masnad M. M. , Liboiron-Ladouceur O.
Published: October 2023

ML enhances silicon photonics by enabling efficient exploration of complex design spaces and correcting geometrical deviations in fabrication. Our approaches generate optimal designs with better confidence, while reducing calibration runs, saving time and cost.
Silicon Moiré Structures and Photonic Flatband Physics
Authors: Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong-Son , Png Ching Eng , García-Vidal Francisco J.
Published: October 2023

We present the localization mechanism of light in silicon Moiré structures and investigate the underlying physics of photonic flatband systems in the theory of resonant multiple light scattering.
DC Kerr modulators in silicon for low-temperature applications in the mid-infrared
Authors: Radulovic M. , Sayers B.D.J. , Currie S.G. , Dominguez D.A. Quintero , Silverstone J.W.
Published: October 2023

We iteratively design and implement silicon photonic modulators based on the DC Kerr effect in the 2 µm band for cryogenic environments and compare their performance and consider their application to quantum photonics.
Tunable Picosecond Si3N4 Waveguide-Based Optical Parametric Oscillators
Authors: Gao Ming , Lüpken Niklas M. , Fallnich Carsten
Published: October 2023

We present synchronously pumped picosecond Si3N4 waveguide-based optical parametric oscillators, generating up to 370 pJ idler energy with total external conversion efficiency of 18.5 % and a wavelength tunability of 191 nm around 1.15 µm.
Silicon Embedded High-Efficiency Grating Coupler for 125 nm Thin Silicon Nitride Waveguide
Authors: Rawat Pravin , Nambiar Siddharth , Singh Radhakant , P Venkatachalam , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate an efficient silicon-embedded grating coupler between an optical fibre and a 125 nm thin silicon nitride waveguide. The peak efficiency of apodized gratings obtained is –1.84 dB with 3 dB bandwidth over 80 nm.
Enhanced SERS detection of glucose molecules by combining gold nanoislands and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Ju , Cho Yongjun , Byun Kyung Min
Published: October 2023

In this study, we propose a highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform by combining gold nanoislands and gold nanoparticles. The hybrid SERS substrate is investigated for glucose monitoring via surface modification using 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid.
Digital Twin for Optical Transport Network: Implementation, Comparison and Evaluation
Authors: Karunakaran Vignesh , Müller Jasper , Zimmermann Stefan , Autenrieth Achim , Elbers Jörg-Peter , Bauschert Thomas
Published: October 2023

Diverse network solutions in Optical Transport Networks require a suitable platform for assessment. Digital Twin (DT) paradigm is proposed, and evaluation is conducted between simulators, emulators, and DT to understand the capabilities of different platforms.
Maximizing Optical Network Connectivity with Limited Number of Hybrid Erbium-Doped Fiber/Raman Amplifiers
Authors: Pedro João
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces an integer linear programming model (ILP) that maximizes the number of feasible optical connections in a DWDM network where only a limited number of hybrid Erbium-doped fiber/Raman amplifiers (HFAs) can be deployed.
Demonstration of Full-Duplex and Real-time Transmission over 10 m Air and 1.2 m Water Channel for Completely Invisible Optical Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Tanaka Keita , Kariya Ayumu , Kobori Fumiya , Shimada Keiji , Hayashida Shogo , Kodama Takahiro
Published: October 2023

This experiment is the first report of a full-duplex secure transmission using real-time and turbidity-adaptive transceiver for a 850 nm line-of-sight near-infrared communication over a heterogeneous channel of 10 m air and 1.2 m underwater.
Controlling the nonlinearity of carbon nanotube saturable absorber
Authors: Gladush Yu. , Mkrtchyan A. , Davletkhanov A. , Krasnikov D. , Nasibulin A.
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate the control over nonlinear optical response of carbon nanotube saturable absorber by electrochemical gating. We discuss the influence of intersubband plasmon, find the conditions for reverse saturable absorption and discuss how it affects the pulse generation in the fiber lasers.
Novel applications based on dynamic color of photonic structures printed by two-photon lithography
Authors: Qian Jing , Kolagatla Srikanth , Zhang Xia , Florea Larisa , Delaney Colm , Bradley A. Louise
Published: October 2023

2D photonic structures based on responsive hydrogels were fabricated by two-photon lithography. A range of structurse with novel applications including vapor sensing, information encryption, and pH detection are demonstrated.
Effective medium modeling of liquid crystalline bacteriophages
Authors: van Rossem Maria , Wilks Sandra , Kaczmarek Malgosia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo
Published: October 2023

Birefringent films of bacteriophages represent a new class of biological liquid crystals. Their self-assembled structure determines their properties, including increased antibiotic tolerance, which we explain using an effective medium theory of antibiotic diffusion.
Temperature-compensated fiber-optic SPR microfluidic sensor based on micro-nano 3D printing
Authors: Wei Yong , Shi Chen , Zhang Yonghui , Liu Chunbiao , Tang Yixiong , Ren Puxi , Wang Chen , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhihai
Published: October 2023

The current temperature-compensated fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are mainly open-ended outside the sensing structure, and there is a lack of temperature compensation schemes in fiber-optic microfluidic chips. In this paper, we proposed a temperature-compensated optical fiber SPR microfluidic sensor based on micro-nano 3D printing. Through the optical fiber micro-machining technology, the two sensing areas were designed on both sides of the same sensing fiber. The wavelength division multiplexing technology was used to collect the sensing light signals of the two sensing areas at the same time. The specific measurement of berberine and the detection of ambient temperature in the optical fiber SPR biological microfluidic channel were realized, and the temperature compensation matrix relationship was constructed, and then the temperature compensation was realized when measuring berberine biomolecules. Experiments have shown that the temperature sensitivity of the optical fiber SPR microfluidic sensor was 2.18 nm/°C, the sensitivity of the detection of berberine was 0.2646 nm/(µg/ml), the detection limit (LOD) was 0.38 µg/ml, and in a mixed solution showed an excellent specific detection impact.
Characterization of Pt-coated twin paraboloidal laboratory capillary high energy X-ray optics
Authors: Seret Anthony , Kehres Jan , Gundlach Carsten , Lund Olsen Ulrik , Friis Poulsen Henning , Juul Jensen Dorte , Cordier Mark , Stripe Benjamin , Yun Wenbing , Zhang Yubin
Published: October 2023

Novel focusing optics composed of twin paraboloidal capillaries coated with Pt, for laboratory X-ray sources are presented and characterized. The optics are designed to focus the X-rays, resulting in an achromatic focused beam with photon energies up to 40 keV. The performance of the optics under different operational conditions is studied by comparing the energy-photon count spectra of the direct and focused beams. Based on these analyses, the optics gain and efficiency as a function of photon energy are determined. A focal spot of 8.5 µm with a divergence angle of 0.59° is observed. The obtained characteristics are discussed and related to theoretical considerations. Moreover, the suitability and advantages of the present optics for X-ray microdiffraction is demonstrated using polycrystalline aluminium. Finally, possibilities for further developments are suggested.
Calibration method for monocular laser speckle projection system
Authors: Zhang Yueqiang , Zhang Yi , Wang Baoqiong , Hu Biao , Jiang Zhuocan , Cai Houzhi , Yu Qifeng
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a novel calibration method for the monocular laser speckle projection system. By capturing images of a calibration board with speckles under different poses, projector’s optical axis is fitted and utilized to calibrate the rotation between the camera and projector. The translation is solved in closed form subsequently and projector’s virtual image is recovered via homography. After calibration, the system can be regarded and operated as a binocular stereo vision system with speckle pattern. The proposed method is efficient and convenient, without need of reference image or high-precision auxiliary equipment. Validated by experiments on Astra-s and Astra-pro, it presents significant improvement in depth-estimation compared to the traditional method.
Flexible experimental platform for dispersion-free temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses
Authors: Rupprecht Patrick , Magunia Alexander , Aufleger Lennart , Ott Christian , Pfeifer Thomas
Published: October 2023

The precise temporal characterization of laser pulses is crucial for ultrashort applications in biology, chemistry, and physics. Especially in femto- and attosecond science, diverse laser pulse sources in different spectral regimes from the visible to the infrared as well as pulse durations ranging from picoseconds to few femtoseconds are employed. In this article, we present a versatile temporal-characterization apparatus that can access these different temporal and spectral regions in a dispersion-free manner and without phase-matching constraints. The design combines transient-grating and surface third-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating in one device with optimized alignment capabilities based on a noncollinear geometry.
Partially coherent twisted vector vortex beam enabling manipulation of high-dimensional classical entanglement
Authors: Chen Jun , Qi Guo-zhen , Wu Yang , Shi Yan , Zhao Chun-liu , Jin Shang-zhong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present a novel form of a partially coherent beam characterized by classical entanglement in higher dimensions. We coin the term “twisted vector vortex (TVV) beam” to describe this phenomenon. Similar to multi-partite quantum entangled states in higher dimensions, the partially coherent twisted vector vortex beam possesses distinct properties such as non-uniform polarization, vortex phase, and twist phase. Through experiments, we offer empirical evidence for these three degrees-of-freedom in the light field. The results demonstrate that the state of the light is inseparable in terms of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. Additionally, the twist phase introduces an additional dimension in controlling the vector vortex beam. This research reveals the possibility of new controlling dimensions in classical entanglement through the chirality of coherence within partially coherent light. Consequently, this opens up new avenues for the utilization of partially coherent light in both classical and quantum domains.
Engineering anisotropy in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides via heterostructures
Authors: Wu Biao , Xie Xing , Zheng Haihong , Li Shaofei , Ding Junnan , He Jun , Liu Zongwen , Liu Yanping
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors featuring low-symmetry crystal structures hold an immense potential for the design of advanced optoelectronic devices, leveraging their inherent anisotropic attributes. While the synthesis techniques for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have matured, a promising avenue emerges: the induction of anisotropy within symmetric TMDs through interlayer van der Waals coupling engineering. Here, we unveil the creation of heterostructures (HSs) by stacking highly symmetric MoSe2 with low-symmetry ReS2, introducing artificial anisotropy into monolayer MoSe2. Through a meticulous analysis of angle-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra, we discern a remarkable anisotropic intensity ratio of approximately 1.34. Bolstering this observation, the angle-resolved Raman spectra provide unequivocal validation of the anisotropic optical properties inherent to MoSe2. This intriguing behavior can be attributed to the in-plane polarization of MoSe2, incited by the deliberate disruption of lattice symmetry within the monolayer MoSe2 structure. Collectively, our findings furnish a conceptual blueprint for engineering both isotropic and anisotropic HSs, thereby unlocking an expansive spectrum of applications in the realm of high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Dual-mode scramjet control using optical emission sensors
Authors: Elkowitz Laurie , Wanchek Andrew , Rockwell Robert , Goyne Christopher , Dedic Chloe
Published: October 2023

Closed-loop fueling control of a dual-mode scramjet was demonstrated using optical emission spectroscopy as the sole feedback to the controller. The optical emission from species of interest (OH*, CH*, C2*) was first characterized throughout the combustor. The relative emission intensity between species pairs was studied over a range of fueling conditions and imaging locations throughout a dual-mode scramjet combustor flow path. The pair of emissive species and imaging location that was the most sensitive to changes in fueling condition was selected for use in the control system. Changes in optical transmission of the observation windows and the impact on fuel control was explored. This paper is the first demonstration of fueling control of a dual-mode scramjet using only optical emission spectroscopy as feedback.
Low Temperature Processed Flexible Organic Photodetectors with High Spectral Detectivity
Authors: Hahn Sangin , Esteban Carmela Michelle , Sharma Ramakant , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: October 2023

Flexible organic photodiodes with PM6 and Y7 active layer were fabricated on various substrates using a low-temperature process. Selective charge transport layers were introduced for high spectral detectivity, and suggested devices maintained their electrical characteristics even after 20,000 bending cycles.
Phase Retrieval of Modulus-based DSB signal in IMDD System
Authors: Dong Yixian , Deng Xiong , Liu Liang , Yan Lianshan
Published: October 2023

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate for the first time the phase retrieval of modulus/squared-DSB signal in IMDD-based fiber channel by KK relation. Optimum CSPR, PAPR, fiber dispersion/nonlinearity are discussed in detail
MDG Estimation in SDM Transmission Systems Based on MIMO MMSE Equalization
Authors: Ospina Ruby S. B. , Rademacher Georg , Luís Ruben S. , Puttnam Benjamin J. , Furukawa Hideaki , Ryf Roland , Neilson David T. , Mello Darli A. A.
Published: October 2023

Monitoring MDG in SDM transmission is essential for accurate performance evaluation and troubleshooting. Here, we discuss two different approaches for MDG estimation in SDM transmission systems employing MIMO MMSE equalization at different MDG levels.
Performance of Quantum-Dash Mode-Locked Laser Diode (QD-MLLD) for Data Rates Beyond Tb/s in WDM Coherent Transmission Over 80 km-SMF
Authors: Khalil Mostafa , Berikaa Essam , Alam Md Samiul , Shahriar Kh Arif , Xie Yuxuan , Liu Jiaren , Lu Zhenguo , Poole Philip J. , Weber John , Plant David V. , Chen Lawrence R.
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate aggregate data rates of 2 and 4 Tb/s using an InAs/InP quantum dash optical frequency comb source for transmission over 80 km-SMF and compare the performance to that of integrated tunable assembly lasers.
High-speed Signal Generation and Detection Technologies for Single-wavelength >2-Tb/s Digital Coherent Transmission
Authors: Nakamura Masanori , Nagatani Munehiko , Jyo Teruo , Hamaoka Fukutaro , Mutoh Miwa , Shiratori Yuta , Wakita Hitoshi , Kobayashi Takayuki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Yutaka
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses key technologies toward multi-terabit digital coherent transmission with high-speed electrical signaling. We also present recent research results on >2-Tb/s/wavelength transmission using advanced linear and nonlinear DSP and an in-house >130-GHz InP-DHBT amplifier.
Numerical Multiscale Methods for Waves in High-Contrast Media
Authors: Verfürth Barbara
Published: October 2023

Multiscale high-contrast media can cause astonishing wave propagation phenomena through resonance effects. For instance, waves could be exponentially damped independent of the incident angle or waves could be re-focused as through a lense. In this review article, we discuss the numerical treatment of wave propagation through multiscale high-contrast media at the example of the Helmholtz equation. First, we briefly summarize the findings of analytical homogenization theory, which inspire the design of numerical methods and indicate interesting regimes for simulation. In the main part, we discuss two different classes of numerical multiscale methods and focus on how to treat especially high-contrast media. Some elements of a priori error analysis are discussed as well. Various numerical simulations showcase the applicability of the numerical methods to explore unusual wave phenomena, for instance exponential damping and lensing with flat interfaces.
AGouTI–Flexible Annotation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Intervals
Authors: Kosiński Jan G. , Żywicki Marek
Published: October 2023

The recent development of high-throughput workflows in genomics and transcriptomics revealed that efficient annotation of such results is essential for researchers to draw conclusions from obtained results. Although some tools are available, their functionality is limited. Here, we present AGouTI–a universal tool for flexible annotation of any genomic or transcriptomic coordinates using known genomic features deposited in different publicly available databases in the form of GTF or GFF files. In contrast to currently available tools, AGouTI is designed to provide a flexible selection of genomic features overlapping or adjacent to annotated intervals and can be used on custom column-based text files obtained from different data analysis pipelines. Although providing many unique options, AGouTI is straightforward in installation and usage, enabling effortless integration into existing data analysis workflows.
Catalyst: Fast and flexible modeling of reaction networks
Authors: Loman Torkel E. , Ma Yingbo , Ilin Vasily , Gowda Shashi , Korsbo Niklas , Yewale Nikhil , Rackauckas Chris , Isaacson Samuel A.
Published: October 2023

We introduce Catalyst.jl, a flexible and feature-filled Julia library for modeling and high-performance simulation of chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Catalyst supports simulating stochastic chemical kinetics (jump process), chemical Langevin equation (stochastic differential equation), and reaction rate equation (ordinary differential equation) representations for CRNs. Through comprehensive benchmarks, we demonstrate that Catalyst simulation runtimes are often one to two orders of magnitude faster than other popular tools. More broadly, Catalyst acts as both a domain-specific language and an intermediate representation for symbolically encoding CRN models as Julia-native objects. This enables a pipeline of symbolically specifying, analyzing, and modifying CRNs; converting Catalyst models to symbolic representations of concrete mathematical models; and generating compiled code for numerical solvers. Leveraging ModelingToolkit.jl and Symbolics.jl, Catalyst models can be analyzed, simplified, and compiled into optimized representations for use in numerical solvers. Finally, we demonstrate Catalyst’s broad extensibility and composability by highlighting how it can compose with a variety of Julia libraries, and how existing open-source biological modeling projects have extended its intermediate representation.
lhCLIP reveals the in vivo RNA–RNA interactions recognized by hnRNPK
Authors: Hu Yuanlang , Hao Tao , Yu Hanwen , Miao Wenbin , Zheng Yi , Tao Weihua , Zhuang Jingshen , Wang Jichang , Fan Yujuan , Jia Shiqi
Published: October 2023

RNA-RNA interactions play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and various biological processes, but identifying these interactions on a transcriptomic scale remains a challenge. To address this, we have developed a new biochemical technique called pCp-biotin labelled RNA hybrid and ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (lhCLIP) that enables the transcriptome-wide identification of intra- and intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions mediated by a specific RNA-binding protein (RBP). Using lhCLIP, we have uncovered a diverse landscape of intermolecular RNA interactions recognized by hnRNPK in human cells, involving all major classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNA. Notably, hnRNPK selectively binds with snRNA U4, U11, and U12, and shapes the secondary structure of these snRNAs, which may impact RNA splicing. Our study demonstrates the potential of lhCLIP as a user-friendly and widely applicable method for discovering RNA-RNA interactions mediated by a particular protein of interest and provides a valuable tool for further investigating the role of RBPs in gene expression and biological processes.
The circadian clock gene bmal1 is necessary for co-ordinated circatidal rhythms in the marine isopod Eurydice pulchra (Leach)
Authors: Lin Zhang , Green Edward W. , Webster Simon G. , Hastings Michael H. , Wilcockson David C. , Kyriacou Charalambos P.
Published: October 2023

Circadian clocks in terrestrial animals are encoded by molecular feedback loops involving the negative regulators PERIOD, TIMELESS or CRYPTOCHROME2 and positive transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1/CYCLE. The molecular basis of circatidal (~12.4 hour) or other lunar-mediated cycles (~15 day, ~29 day), widely expressed in coastal organisms, is unknown. Disrupting circadian clockworks does not appear to affect lunar-based rhythms in several organisms that inhabit the shoreline suggesting a molecular independence of the two cycles. Nevertheless, pharmacological inhibition of casein kinase 1 (CK1) that targets PERIOD stability in mammals and flies, affects both circadian and circatidal phenotypes in Eurydice pulchra (Ep), the speckled sea-louse. Here we show that these drug inhibitors of CK1 also affect the phosphorylation of EpCLK and EpBMAL1 and disrupt EpCLK-BMAL1-mediated transcription in Drosophila S2 cells, revealing a potential link between these two positive circadian regulators and circatidal behaviour. We therefore performed dsRNAi knockdown of Epbmal1 as well as the major negative regulator in Eurydice, Epcry2 in animals taken from the wild. Epcry2 and Epbmal1 knockdown disrupted Eurydice’s circadian phenotypes of chromatophore dispersion, tim mRNA cycling and the circadian modulation of circatidal swimming, as expected. However, circatidal behaviour was particularly sensitive to Epbmal1 knockdown with consistent effects on the power, amplitude and rhythmicity of the circatidal swimming cycle. Thus, three Eurydice negative circadian regulators, EpCRY2, in addition to EpPER and EpTIM (from a previous study), do not appear to be required for the expression of robust circatidal behaviour, in contrast to the positive regulator EpBMAL1. We suggest a neurogenetic model whereby the positive circadian regulators EpBMAL1-CLK are shared between circadian and circatidal mechanisms in Eurydice but circatidal rhythms require a novel, as yet unknown negative regulator.
Common patterns between dengue cases, climate, and local environmental variables in Costa Rica: A wavelet approach
Authors: García Yury E. , Chou-Chen Shu Wei , Barboza Luis A. , Daza–Torres Maria L. , Montesinos-López J. Cricelio , Vásquez Paola , Calvo Juan G. , Nuño Miriam , Sanchez Fabio
Published: October 2023

Dengue transmission poses significant challenges for public health authorities worldwide due to its susceptibility to various factors, including environmental and climate variability, affecting its incidence and geographic spread. This study focuses on Costa Rica, a country characterized by diverse microclimates nearby, where dengue has been endemic since its introduction in 1993. Using wavelet coherence and clustering analysis, we performed a time-series analysis to uncover the intricate connections between climate, local environmental factors, and dengue occurrences. The findings indicate that multiannual dengue frequency (3 yr) is correlated with the Oceanic Niño Index and the Tropical North Atlantic Index. This association is particularly prominent in cantons located along the North and South Pacific Coast, as well as in the Central cantons of the country. Furthermore, the time series of these climate indices exhibit a leading phase of approximately nine months ahead of dengue cases. Additionally, the clustering analysis uncovers non-contiguous groups of cantons that exhibit similar correlation patterns, irrespective of their proximity or adjacency. This highlights the significance of climate factors in influencing dengue dynamics across diverse regions, regardless of spatial closeness or distance between them. On the other hand, the annual dengue frequency was correlated with local environmental indices. A persistent correlation between dengue cases and local environmental variables is observed over time in the North Pacific and the Central Region of the country’s Northwest, with environmental factors leading by less than three months. These findings contribute to understanding dengue transmission’s spatial and temporal dynamics in Costa Rica, highlighting the importance of climate and local environmental factors in dengue surveillance and control efforts.