bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Generalized Extreme (GEV), Log-Pearson Type 3 (LP3), Pearson Type 3(P3) and Gumbel (EV1) Distributions for Development of IDF Equations for Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Ologhadien Itolima
Published: January 2022

The application of Gumbel (EVI) to the development of rainfall intensity– duration – frequency (IDF) curves has often been criticized on theoretical and empirical grounds as it may underestimate the largest extreme rainfall amounts. The consequences of underestimation are economic losses, property damages, and loss of life. Therefore, it is important that water resources engineering infrastructure be accurately design to avoid these consequences. This paper evaluates the performances of four probability distributions; GEV, EV1, LP3 and P3 using the annual maxima precipitation series of 26 years for Warri Metropolis obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The strength and weakness of the four probability distributions were examined with the goodness of fit (GOF) module of Easyfit software which implemented Kolmogorov - Smirnov (KS) and Anderson - Darling (AD) tests at 5% significance level. The Easyfit software fitted the precipitation series data to the four probability distributions and ranked the four probability distributions across the fifteen rainfall durations. Results show that for both KS and AD tests, GEV distribution was found to be best-fit distribution and it was applied to the development of IDF curves in Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. Furthermore, the IDF values obtained were applied in the development of three-parameter IDF models for return periods of 10 - , 15 -, 20 -, 25 - , 50 -, and 100-years. The mean absolute error, Nash – Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indices computed for the IDF models increase with increasing return periods. The IDF curves and models depicted the general attributes of IDF curves and models. This study could be of significant academic value and improvement to professional practice in the design of storm water drainage systems. Therefore, the developed IDF curves and models are recommended to the Warri Urban Authority for inclusion in her stormwater handbooks and manuals.
Influence of Sowing Methods and Sowing Time on Growth, Growth Attributes and Yield of Black Gram Vigna mungo L. under Rice Oryza sativa L. Fallow Black Gram Cropping System
Authors: Suryakala Paulraj , Veeramani A. , Singh Durai , Sivakumar T. , Rajeswari M. , Prema P.
Published: January 2022

Aim: Blackgram is one of the most important pulse crops raised in several types of soil under well drained conditions. Currently, it is cultivated as monocrop , intercrop as well as rice fallow crop in southern India. When the rice fallow pulse systems are described as, the pulse crop is seeded before or after rice harvest without ploughing, the remaining soil moisture may be better used through conservation agriculture measures. It's also known as a relay crop, a no-till crop, or a residual crop.In general, the production and productivity of black gram is declining because of poor management practices . Thus, this study was undertaken rice establishment methods as a strategy to determine the availability of residual moisture on the establishment of rice fallow black gram system during the early growth stages.

Place and Duration of Study: A field investigation was carried out at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University9o54’ N Latitude, 78o54’ E Longitude with an  altitude of 147 m above MSL), Tamil Nadu, India from September 2019 to April 2020

Methodology: To see how different seeding methods and time influence the rice fallow black gram, the factors include rice planting methods as the main plot, methods of sowing black gram on rice fallow black gram as  sub plot, and time of sowing black gram on rice fallow black gram given out in sub-sub plot treatment.

Results: The treatments had the best growth qualities, growth analysis, and yield. It could be because the above-mentioned combinations had higher residual moisture content, which resulted in a higher germination percentage, better crop stand, and higher growth and yield of rice fallow black gram.

Conclusion: The best management strategy is to sowing black gram in rice fallow situations with a rice fallow pulse planter at 10 days before rice harvest, under the direct seeded of rice establishment technique with drum seeder.
Effects of Fertilization Based on Chicken Manures and Mycorrhiza on Vegetative Parameters and Phenological Stages of Sorghum bicolor in Yagoua, Far-North Cameroon
Authors: Wang-Bara Bertrand , Kaouvon Philémon , Housseini Jacques Djida , Alioum Sounou Paul , Danra Djackba Dieudonné
Published: January 2022

Aims: Study aims to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and mycorrhiza levels as fertilizers on vegetative growth and on phenological stages of Sorghum in Far North Cameroon.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Valorization Station of Agricultural Research (PSAR) of Yagoua.

Methodology: For this study, variety S-35 of Sorghum have used. Three levels of fertilization were used to evaluate germination rates, vegetative growth and phenology of this variety. The levels of fertilizers applied were 20 g of mycorrhiza, 50 g of organic manure and 20+50g of effect combined mycorrhiza+organic manure in comparison to the check (0g). The experimental design was the randomized block design with 3 replications. After evaluation of germination rates in the farm, we had evaluated the height, diameters and precocity of plants.

Results: Uses of different levels of fertilization on germination rates were important for all the levels of fertilizers compared to the control (27. 5 %). It’s varying from 52.5 % for the chicken manure, followed by the effect of combined treatments (45 %) and bio-fertilizers with 67 %. Compared to the check, the use of chicken manure as fertilization was most significant (P<0.05) on the height of plants during the vegetative growth. The diameters of plants according to the different treatments were most significant (P<0.05) respectively by the supplies of chicken manure, the effect of both treatments (mycorrhiza+chicken manure) and mycorrhiza treatment. Theses different levels fertilization was influenced the phenological stages of plants especially first flowering of plants days after sowing. Flowering of plants at 50 % was most favorable for the treatments based on the uses chicken manure and the combined effect of treatments (mycorrhiza+chicken manure).

Conclusion: Uses of chicken manure and mycorrhiza as fertilizers on Sorghum were significant to the vegetative growth and flowering stages of plants. Levels of chicken manure had positive effect on plant height. Plants diameters were most positively affected by organic manure, mycorrhiza and the effect of both treatments during growing of plants.
Study on Standard of English in Primary School Pupils with Special Reference to Teachers Professionalism
Authors: Dorji Tshering
Published: January 2022

First and foremost, the goal of this research is to determine the level of English proficiency among primary school students. Secondly, this study looked into the professionalism of the teacher. Thirdly, this study looks into the factors that may have a negative impact on the standard of English among primary school students. Fourthly, it examines the teacher's ability to teach English to primary school children in the pursuit of quality education.

To ensure efficient and effective data collection, this study relied solely on the non-experimental design-descriptive survey method with a quantitative approach. Pre-testing of survey questionnaires was carried out to ensure consistency and reliability.This study was based on researcher classroom experiences. The research was mostly carried out in Bhutan under the auspices of the Department of School Education. The research began on the 18th of December, 2020, and ended on the 18th of May, 2021.

The findings, recommendations, and limitations of the study were totally based on the 60 sample collections. The researcher used SPSS and the Microsoft Excel sheet for tabulations and interpretation of data. For the data analysis the researcher used the SAS software and Microsoft Excel.
A Systemic Review of Pathological Findings in COVID-19 and Its Mechanism of Disease
Authors: Chanda Aishik , Dehankar Shruti , Kumar Abhishek , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has spread worldwide at a rapidly alarming pace and has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has more intensive and prolonged standing effects in the host body post-infection than the other related groups of viruses. The disease has caused an unforeseen need for the availability of intensive support because of the resulting critical respiratory distress and consequent multi-organ failure. What starts as an elegant fever with cough and headache, with body pain, runny nose, sore throat, quickly develops into loss of perception of taste and smell, with nausea, diarrhea, troubled breathing, chills; and finally results into grievous damage to the vital organs of the body, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, and even brain, necessitating the need of urgent and competent availability of critical care infrastructure. It is now the disease with the highest number of affected individuals recorded in the modern era. And, not only does the infection of Covid inflict highly significant morbidity and mortality rates amongst the population, but there have also been multiple and significant strains to the overburdened health care system and also, massively on the economy.

Here in this article, our focus will primarily be upon the systemic pathology in the various organ systems and how the coronavirus has been affected. We shall discuss the Respiratory System, the Cardio-Vascular System, the Renal System, Central Nervous System, and the pathophysiology involved herewith after covid infection.
Estimation of Cephalic Index of Population of Central India
Authors: Gupta Aditi R. , Patond Swapnil
Published: January 2022

Cephalic record is otherwise called cranial list or broadness file. It's processed as the length separated by the width of the skull times by 100. Assessing varieties in cephalic records across guardians, children, and family members can uncover if hereditary qualities are passed down hereditarily. The exploration included 480 clinical understudies (296 male and 184 female understudies). Hardlika's methodology was utilized to decide the cranial record. Most of the people were Mesocephalic (cephalic record 7579.9). 43.58 percent of guys and 42.93 percent of young ladies had a mesocephalic head. Men’s had an average cephalic record of 81.24 3.66, while ladies had a regular cephalic file of 80.31 4.28.

Somatometric estimations, for example, the face and cephalic records, are used in human criminological sciences. These lists utilized a human's sex and racial populace to compute their singular character. This exploration aims to give benchmark data to cephalic records and face files in the Central Indian populace, contrasting these outcomes with past research. This material will be helpful to legal specialists, anatomists, and others in related disciplines.

The cephalic record (CI), in some cases called the cranial list, is the proportion of the head's maximal expansiveness to length. The motivation behind the review was to research the anthropometry of cranial qualities. The review's objective was to check out the anthropometry of cranial qualities utilizing google structures circled in the school gatherings. Experts in scientific science will see the data as advantageous, just as in clinical, medico-lawful, anthropological, and excavator settings.
A Case-Control Study on Risk Predictors Associated with Periodontitis in Systemically Healthy Patients; a Regression Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Hina , Naeem Sehar , Saeed Uzma , Usmani Ayesha , Zara Batool
Published: January 2022

Aim: This case-control study was conducted to analyze the association of periodontitis with risk predictors i.e. age, gender, education status, brushing habits and past dental visits in systemically healthy patients.

Materials and Methods: The study included total of 1097 systemically healthy, non-tobacco using patients with age ≥ 18 years that reported to periodontology department from year 2018. The demographic details and dental care pattern of the patients were extracted from the records of periodontology department, and their frequencies were formulated. The association of five study variables i.e. age, gender, education status, brushing habits and past dental visits was assessed using forward step-wise logistic regression analysis.

Results: Total of 471(42.9%) patients were diagnosed with periodontitis. Higher frequency of periodontitis was observed in patients who were male and ≥ 50 years of age. Regression analysis showed that the subjects with < 50 years of age, ≥ 12 years of education, regular brushing habits and regular past dental visits had greater odds of being safe from periodontitis.

Conclusion: Since the population chosen for this research was systemically healthy, non-tobacco using individuals, a high prevalence (42.9%) of periodontitis was observed indicating the need to analyze the factors other than systemic conditions contributing in prevalence of periodontitis. Furthermore, a positive association between study variables and periodontitis was observed in this research, which will help the clinicians in prediction of periodontitis in systemically healthy, non-tobacco using individuals.
Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Aditi Deepak , Patil Praful S.
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a slow-growing phenomenon that could even be a reason for a future pandemic. Due to inappropriate diagnosis and consumption of antibiotics, the bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotics used. In the era of COVID-19, this blind consumption of antibiotics has rapidly increased due to the period of quarantine and fear of the disease. Ligue to the fear of the pandemic, especially in ru, rural areas, many patients avoid going to the hospital and consuming antibiotics without any prescription. Various retrospective studies have shown a relationship between bacterial co-infection and AMR, which is increased in the era of COVID-19. Also, the secondary bacterial infections associated with the pandemic of COVID-19 have added to the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The viral effect on the respiratory system is favorable for bacterial infection, as in the case of COVID-19 affecting the respiratory tract followed by co-bacterial infection in some cases. COVID-19 has affected AMR in many aspects. Proper antibiotic resistance tests should be performed before prescribing any antibiotics to the patient to reduce the chances of AMR, especially in such an obnoxious situation of COVID-19. This crucially calls for a brand new and effective plan of action to attenuate the influence of the pandemic on antimicrobial resistance. Statistics of various countries in matters of antimicrobial resistance have shown an increase in AMR due to the concentration of health workers, researchers, and population on the pandemic associated with COVID-19. This calls for the necessity to aware the population worldwide about antimicrobial resistance and how it could be a hidden menace in the future and could probably prove to be a matter of concern as it would worsen the condition of the patients in a particular disease and would decrease the various possible aspects of the treatment especially in case of treatment based on antibiotics.
Efficacy of Aspergillus sp in the Production of Protease Enzyme with Different Substrates
Authors: Manimekalai D. , Senthilkumar G. , Ambikapathy V. , Panneerselvam A.
Published: January 2022

In the present study, the soil samples were collected from marine environment of Arichalmunai,  Dhanushkodi, Ramnad District, Tamilnadu ,India. Fungal species were isolated by plating method, in 50% sea water containing potato dextrose agar medium .Totally 16 fungal species were isolated and identified from the soil sample. The production of protease from Aspergillus niger , A.flavus and A. terreus by liquid state fermentation. The production of     protease  enzyme was optimized by using fermentation medium containing different substrates. The maximum protease production was observed on wheat bran, containing medium. The protease production was maximum in temperature 35ºC were recorded. Wheat bran produced the maximum level protease. The optimization work also carried out.  This study revealed that coastal environment provides impressive density of fungi in the East Coast of India and are unexplored  for microbial resources can be useful in industry.
A Rare Case of Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy
Authors: Hamsa V. S. , Harivasudevan . , Jagadeeshwari . , Sundari .
Published: January 2022

Mitochondrial Neuro Gastrointestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE) is rare genetic disorer. It is characteristic by progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, opthalmoplegia and leucoencephalopathy.We hereby report a case of MNGIE in a female.
Assessing the Role of Vitamins for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Borkhade Abhishek , Sawal Anupama
Published: January 2022

Acute SARS-Covid-2, also known as a coronavirus (COVID-19), seemed in Wuhan metropolis, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, a global epidemic was announced. As the sector responds to the COVID-19 virus, the less critical clinical remedy, commentary has been shifted to various methods that can help toughen the immune system to fight against various viral and bacterial infections. Considering that the Corona contamination considerably impacts the body defense with many irritative and harmful responses, medicinal corporations are working to develop unique tablets and vaccines in opposition to the Coronavirus, which is beneficial for people to fight corona disease. A properly balanced diet can play a chief role in keeping typical fitness to control persistent infectious illnesses. A nicely balanced diet or food regimen includes nutrients A, B, C, D, E, and vit. K can help with numerous infectious illnesses. This research aims to talk over and gift with the ultra-modern records of the position of nutrients inside the COVID-19 treatment, as these nutrients play an essential role in covid treatment. Deficiency of these nutrients can cause a decrease or low resistance of immune working, which is one of the principal reasons that purpose terrible immune device. that is a story evaluation of the capabilities of Corona virus and facts of getting use vitamins as precautionary measures to convey down the incidence and dying of sufferers struggling with COVID.
Gene Editing: A Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Raut Akshara K. , Waghmare Tripti
Published: January 2022

This essay is about intrinsic planning parts that can alternate the enlarge of the particle that regulates our herbal cycles, the genome. Since the 1990s, ﬁrst-class enchantment has been a focal factor of research. It commenced with the genome undertaking and will proceed to be an ambassador for the foreseeable future. The functions are many, and they are anticipated to have a significant speculative effect as properly as extraordinarily extreme hazards. The genome altering development trends have opened up the technique to truly zero in on and exchange genomic progressions in nearly all eukaryotic cells, whether or not they are planned or bacterial nucleases. Genome editing has loosened up our capacity to grant an explanation for the role of inherited qualities in infection with the aid of accelerating the development of increased right smartphone and models of animal of psychotic cycles, and it has begun to exhibit extraordinarily top achievable in a variety of ﬁelds, ranging from indispensable look up to utilized biotechnology and biomedical research. The late boom in the development of programmable nucleases, such as zinc-ﬁnger nucleases (ZFNs), ﬁle activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and assembled reliably interspaced quick palindromic repeat (CRISPR)– Cas-related nucleases, has accelerated the transition of fee from idea to medical practice. We observe the purposes of their subordinate reagents as quality-changing units in a range of human illnesses, and anticipated future medicines, which focuses on eukaryotic cells and animal models, in this evaluation of modern-day advances in the three critical genome-modifying propels (ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9). Finally, we have a framework for clinical primers to use genome adjusting phases for sickness therapy, as nicely as some of the difﬁculties encountered throughout implementation.
A Review on Hyperglycemia: Symptoms and Risk Factors
Authors: Goyal Megha , Choudhary Divasha
Published: January 2022

Background: The term "hyperglycemia" is derived from the Greek hyper (top) + glykys (sugar/sugar) + haima (blood). Extra sugar varies from one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL and is faster and more noticeable than one hundred and eighty mg / metric unit a couple of hours after meals. The patient has decreased resistance to aldohexose, or prediabetes, with rapid plasma aldohexose 100 mg / dL one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL. The patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, more noticeable than one hundred and twenty-five mg / metric dose units. As long as the symptom is not treated, it will create a variety of dangerous complications that include pain in the care, kidneys, nerves, heart, and vascular structure.

Objectives: To define the number of children in the past to assess whether symptoms have been given or not and whether this is often associated with a PIM pair difficulty index.

Methods: Recurrent analysis, patients between one month and fifteen years The World Health Organization recognizes care for septic shock, between the month of the Gregorian calendar 2008 and Oct 2010. -aldohexose> 126 mg / dl. Patients were diagnosed according to age, gender, illness, and glucose levels when treated, 24, forty-eight, and seventy-two hrs

Results: Out of 25 patients, 16 PF had symptoms,  one patient had a glucose level> 200 mg /dl, and only one patient needed a hypoglycemic agent, usually between seventy-two hours and admission.

Conclusions:  The World Health Organization's gift of septic shock occurs at a lower rate, and people have developed the World Health Organization, a self-administered gift of traditional blood sugar levels of 72 hours while not requiring hypoglycemic agent administration. Patients with symptoms had a higher mortality rate of PIM pairs, thus increasing mortality.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Pregnancy with Sickle Cell Disease in the Third Trimester in Central India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Prasad Rashmi , Jungari Mugdha , Shrivastava Deepti , Kumbhare J. M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is an uncommon cause of anemia and jaundice during pregnancy. However, SCD is expected in Maharashtra, especially the Vidarbha region. SCD in pregnancy can cause various maternal and fetal complications. This study was conducted to know maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy with sickle cell disease in the third trimester.

Methodology: This retrospective data were collected from hospital records of medical colleges located in central India for one and a half years, from November 2019 to January 2021. Forty-two women were admitted with pregnancy with sickle cell disease in the third trimester during the study period. The baseline characteristics, frequency of sickle hemoglobin variants, and maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes were collected.

Results: Compiled data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and frequency tables. Majority were primigravida (59.52%). Type of sickle cell was determined based on HB electrophoresis; out of 42 patients, 36 had AS pattern, 5 had SS pattern SCD, and 1 had As+b thal minor. The most common medical complication was anemia [73.80%] and UTI 26.19%. The most common adverse obstetric outcomes observed were IUGR/Oligohydramnios 42.85% and pre-eclampsia 21.42%. Majority of patients delivered by LSCS 42.85%. An adverse outcome in the fetus was fetal distress 45.23% and meconium-stained amniotic fluid 42.86%.

Discussion: Due to hematological changes, extra demands, and sickle crisis, complications in both mother and fetus are more common in sickle cell anemia.

Conclusions: Early detection and management of sickle cell anemia during pregnancy can reduce the adverse outcome in both mother and baby.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cranioplasty Using Different Prosthetic Materials on Functional Improvement in Patients with Post-traumatic Brain Injury: A Protocol
Authors: Revankar Ramnath P. , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Iratwar Sandeep W. , Pande Samidha S. , Wange Nitin
Published: January 2022

Background: Cranioplasty is considered an essential step for restoring defects in the skull, generally due to the esthetic appearance, safety of the brain, or handling the adverse effect of the Trephined Syndrome (TS) or sinking skin flap syndrome. Moreover, many studies saw the unexpected enhancement of cognitive and motor function after cranioplasty. These favorable progressive effects can be helpful in further therapy preparations in association with cranioplasty effects. Nevertheless, the proof is mainly restricted to case studies that do not target comparison between different materials in post-traumatic brain injury (P-TBI) people even though it is helpful but not enough.

Objectives: To comparatively evaluate the effect of cranioplasty using autologous bone graft, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titanium, and bone cement on cognitive and functional improvement in patients with P-TBI.

Methodology: 40 subjects will be allocated into four groups. Group A (10 using Autologous bone graft) Group B (10 using PMMA), Group C (10 using Titanium), and Group D (10 using Bone cement). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) will be used for cognitive improvement. For functional improvement, Muscle power and Barthel index will be used. The data will be compared before and after cranioplasty.

Expected Results: Cognitive and functional improvement will be present after cranioplasty. But the effect of cranioplasty using autologous bone graft, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titanium, and bone cement has to be evaluated & compared to assess the patient’s cognitive and functional improvement and provide desired intervention as required.

Conclusion: This study will comparatively evaluate the effect of cranioplasty using different prosthetic materials and determine which material is better for patients' cognitive and functional improvement.
Association of Total Ischemic Times and In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute STEMI Patients who Underwent Primary Angioplasty at a Tertiary Cardiac Care Facility
Authors: Shah Arshad Ali , Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Khan Muhammad Sami , Ahmed Faisal , Ahmed Iftikhar , Farooq Fawad , Kumar Dileep
Published: January 2022

Aims: To determine the association between total ischemic time and in-hospital outcome of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary angioplasty.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Place & Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Dow university of health sciences Karachi between October 2017 till March 2021.

Methodology: Data for total ischemic time analysis were collected from 366 STEMI patients who consecutively underwent primary angioplasty. Total ischemic time was measured from the onset of chest pain to o the first balloon inflation during primary angioplasty and in hospital outcome was measured.

Results: Total ischemic times were available in 366 STEMI patients which was ≥ 30 minutes and < 24 hours: ≤ 2 hours in 15.5%, >2-3 hours in 11.4%, >3-5 hours in 25.4%, and >5 hours in 47.5% of STEMI patients. In addition, STEMI patients with total ischemic times <5 hours demonstrated complete ST-segment resolution and reduced death rate than those with total ischemic times >5 hours.

Conclusion: This study showed that shorter ischemic times are significantly related to improved myocardial reperfusion and decreased mortality.
Mummified Dead Body in Hanging Position: A Case Report
Authors: Wankhade Toshal , Nagrale Ninad , Patond Swapnil , Giri Jayant
Published: January 2022

Mummification refers to all-natural and artificial processes that bring about the preservation of the body or its parts. Such processes include mainly the drying of the soft tissues instead of liquefying putrefaction. We are presenting here a case of a medicolegal autopsy performed at the mortuary of MGIMS, Sevagram.  The body was found in the jungle in a hanging position to the branch of a tree. Body was completely mummified. Facial identification could be made out as facial features were well maintained. Investigation agency has query regarding condition of the body (mummification) and what is the time since death. After performing the autopsy, police were explained regarding the factors responsible for mummification to occur in the dead body and also given opinion regarding time since death. From the time since death police investigated the various missing complaints which were present at neighboring police stations during that period. So the relatives from one of the missing person identified the body and it was handed over to relative after completion of all legal formalities by the police officials.  In this case report we have discussed; autopsy finding in mummified body and factors responsible for formation mummification of the body.  Hot, dry and airy environment are well known factors contributing the mummification of body but apart from this hanging of the body along with other contributing factors mentioned earlier is responsible for mummification of the body in present case.
Optimization of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Involutional Entropion of the Lower Eyelid
Authors: Anshu . , Sune Pradeep G.
Published: January 2022

Background: Rolling inwards of the lid margin is called entropion, and is produced by a disparity in length and tone between the anterior skin muscle, and posterior tarso-conjunctival laminae of the eyelid. Involutional, cicatricial, spastic, or congenital are some of the classifications involutional entropion there is general instability of the lid structures with age .A weakness of the posterior retractors of the lid occurs, together with a laxity of the medial and lateral canthal ligaments,  accompanied by a loss of posterior support ,as atrophy of the orbital fat leads to enophthalmos. The current treatment modalities for this condition are surgical in nature, although non-surgical temporary medical treatment are also used. It's a commonest types of eyelid asymmetry. Corneal and conjunctival damage may lead to abrasions, scarring, corneal thinning, or corneal neovascularization due to this misalignment. Unilateral or bilateral entropion is possible. Involutional entropion of lower eyelids are common, but cicatricial upper eyelids are common.  Entropion of lower eyelid is a much more prevalent than entropion of the upper eyelid.

Objective: The purpose is to review the scientific literature on diagnosis and surgical management of involutional entropion of the lower eyelid.

Methodology: The data were collected from the various electronic data bases like google scholar, PubMed and various books.

Conclusion: After reviewing the articles, we come to the conclusion that the signs and symptoms of involutional entropion are easily manageable by given treatment.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Analysis among Rural Mothers of 6 to 24 Month Age Child Regarding Complementary Feeding
Authors: Katole N. T. , Kale J. S. , Kaple Meghali , Waghmare S. M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: According to WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is essential for first 6 moth of life, afterward by six months to meet raised energy and nutrient needs of growing infant complementary feeding is necessary [1]. Proper complementary feeding very essential for the proper physical, neurocognitive development of the child.

Objectives: To assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice among rural Indian mothers of age 6 to 24 month child regarding complementary feeding.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching rural hospital in India between December 2020 and June 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to mothers of 6 to 24 month age children attending pediatrics outpatient department at hospital. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts; first part consist of demographic variables, second and third part regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mother towards complementary feeding practice. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.

Results: Out of the 250 participants, 220(88%) completed questionnaire completely and validly, 96% mothers initiated breastfeeding within first 48 hrs of birth, and about 62% mothers continue exclusive breastfeeding till six moth age. 72 % mother knew that complementary feeding should start at 6 month of age but only 66% mother able to start at that age, major reason for delayed start is mother perception that her feeding is sufficient for baby, other that family member’s advice. 64% mother believe in homemade complementary feeds and 26% mothers believe in commercial feeds, though major source of knowledge is family members (69%), electronic media(12%) also important source of knowledge while only 19% mothers get information from health professionals. Significant number of mother have knowledge about iron rich foods(63%), iodized salt (50%) etc. however only 36% mother knows about dietary diversity. During illness 52% mothers prefer to decrease in feeding while, 10% prefer to withhold it. 91% mother practice washing hands before cooking and 85% practice giving boil water to baby. However, still 70% mother practice bottle feeding for their children’s.

Conclusion: Though there is good knowledge among mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding in term of age of start, type of feeding, nutrient value of feeding, importance of consistency, however still there is lack of knowledge about dietary diversity, cultural and social food taboos, bottle feeding etc. Strategies need to employ like health education, awareness programs, training programs for mothers to improve their practice and attitude towards complementary feeding.
A Literature Review in Understanding the Physio-Pathological Facet of COVID-19
Authors: Singh Pramod Kumar , Suting Darishisha L. , Lekharu Sikha
Published: January 2022

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed as COVID-19 and is transmittable between humans that has caused a pandemic worldwide. An early clinical report showed that fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and myalgia were initial symptoms, with the development of pneumonia as the disease progressed. COVID-19 basically involved the pulmonary system at the onset, thereby involving the other organs like gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular System and nervous system is based on virulence. Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases.  Here, we review the current knowledge about this disease in relation to its various aspects and make comparison systemic-wise for better understanding of the systemic physio pathological aspect of Covid-19 that may help in contributing towards finding the solution that is needed at present.
COVID 19: Sharing Experience of Health and Treatment Diagnosis in India
Authors: Sharanya V. , Chakole Swaroopa , Fadnavis Rupa A.
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, discovered in the year 2019. It originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. It became the 5th documented Pandemic after the Spanish Flu in 1918. The symptoms are typical of Influenza like Illness, which includes fever, cough, cold, sore throat, headache, generalised body pain, loss of taste and smell sensations. It ranges in severity causing Pneumonia – all caused by the virus known as Corona virus. The pandemic did indeed cause a havoc as it was declared as a Public Health Emergency. It not only had an impact on lives of people but had a worldwide impact on varied sections of society, not limited only to healthcare but also the economy, psychology, travel and tourism, to just name a few. There was even a certain stigma associated with contracting the virus and having to stay in complete Home Isolation from the World. It not only had pronounced effects on the physical well-being of an individual, but also on one’s mental make-up.  It has been a constant learning curve across different walks of life, that placed Hand Hygiene, Mask Wearing and Social Distancing at the epicentre of the prevention of such a Communicable Disease. This article is a reflection of my experience, battling with Corona Virus. – a deadly Pandemic of the 21st Century.
The Burden of Disease and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Preschool Children Attending the Well-Baby Clinic in the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Wali Razaz Mohammed , Baghlaf Abdulaziz Saeed , Almehmadi Abdulaziz Abdullah , Alzahrani Mohanad Gharmallah , Fathi Obada Tarik , Aloufi Yasser Nasser
Published: January 2022

Aims: To estimate the burden and risk factor of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in preschool children attending well-baby clinics in primary health care centers of the National Guard in Jeddah.

Study Design: Cross Sectional study design

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the primary health care centers of the National Guard Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which are the specialized polyclinic namely Iskan clinic district and Bahra Clinic. The study was started on 26 September, 2018 to January 2020.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study included all preschool children aged 2-5 years attending well-baby clinics. Data were collected by distributing a self-developed and validated questionnaire to parents or guardians in waiting areas outside the well-baby clinics.

Results: A total of 286 participants met the inclusion criteria. Anemia was found in 9.8% children. The prevalence of IDA among the participants was only 6.3%, but it was the most common compared to other types of anemia. The only findings that were found statistically significant with anemia were family history (P = 0.001) and use of supplement (P = 0.000).

Conclusion: IDA is still the most prevalent type of anemia; however, it was found in only 6.3% participants. The only statistically significant factors associated with anemia were positive family history and supplement intake.
A Fatal Case of Infant Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Type 1 and 2
Authors: Gajbhiye Varsha , Gaikwad Sarika , Patil Ganvir Shubhangi , Myadam Sushma , Damahe Lalit B.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an essential and most frequent vertically transmitted infection from mother to fetus through the placenta. Neonatal Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters a child by physical contact with its mother’s potentially infected vaginal secretions. There are many case reports where the newborn is infected with either CMV or HSV, but only one case of a 67-year-old Chinese male with the coinfection of CMV and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II) 11 was found. We report a rare case of newborns with congenital infection by CMV and herpes simplex who succumb to multiorgan failure.

Case Report Presentation: 8 weeks male infant came in our hospital complaining of not feeding and not gaining weight, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and jaundice. As narrated by the mother, the baby was delivered vaginally at 36 weeks of gestation, and the birth weight was 1880 grams. Mother was not recommended blood test for TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and HIV, syphilis) by her obstetricians. TORCHES profile was favorable in the baby. Newborns succumb to treatment and die due to multiple organ failure.

Conclusion: Torch’s panel test is used to help diagnose infections that could harm the unborn baby during pregnancy and have fatal consequences after birth; therefore, it should be mandatory in each pregnancy.
The Effect of Longitudinal Gastric Resection in Morbid Obesity Surgery on the Course of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Uzdenov Marat Borisovich , Sherifova Elvira Nazimovna , Kubanov Sergey Ismailovich , Uyanaeva Aila Azretovna , Rudiakova Viktoriia Sergeevna , Balaeva Maryam Bashirovna , Atagishieva Kavsarat Kamaldinovna , Shikhina Svetlana Nikolaevna , Miroshnichenko Angelina Sergeevna , Maslova Alina Yurievna
Published: January 2022

Longitudinal resection of the stomach is a relatively new type of gastroplasty within the framework of bariatric surgery, which is gaining popularity worldwide today not only as a method of getting rid of excess subcutaneous fat, but also from a range of serious chronic diseases together. The potential of longitudinal gastric resection turned out to be promising, and if the first performed longitudinal gastric resection in 1988 was only a restrictive stage of biliopancreotic bypass surgery, then since the 2000s, laparoscopic longitudinal resection has been started as a deliberately first stage in patients with morbid obesity with high operational risk. To date, longitudinal gastric resection has become increasingly used in particularly difficult cases in the form of independent surgical intervention, for example, in the elderly, teenagers, people with cirrhosis of the liver and other severe pathologies. At the initial stages of the formation of this type of treatment, different surgeons did not have a common opinion on many issues related to the technique of this operation. And therefore, to date, the data on the longitudinal resection of the stomach of many years ago are contradictory. They do not create a holistic view of the effectiveness of surgical intervention, especially in the long term. According to IFSO (The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders) data, in 2012, longitudinal gastric resection accounted for 27.8% of all bariatric operations, which even then overtook the gastric banding operation in terms of the number of operations. Over the past 20 years, a little more than 250 thousand such operations have been performed worldwide, and the frequency of performing longitudinal gastric resection increases every year.

The purpose of this article is to reveal the statistics of the effectiveness of longitudinal gastric resection.
Preparation and Characterization of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Pyrazolines Derivative for their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar , Jain Alok Pal , Tiwari O. P.
Published: January 2022

The objective of the paper was to design, synthesis and characterization of new 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative and evaluate for anti-inflammatory potential. The 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives has been synthesized by the reaction of chalcone     derivatives with 4-hydrazinylbenzene sulfonamide hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride. Total Sixteen compounds has been synthesized and characterized by the IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analysis. Proposed compounds have been evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds carried out by two animal     model i.e. Carrageenan induced, paw edema in rats and Inhibition of formalin induced paw edema in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds C7, C8 and C2 were shown 98.26,  92.77 and 96.24 percentages of inhibition and compounds D7, D8 and D2  were shown 81.50, 83.81 and 78.32 percentages of inhibition as compared to the standard drug Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was inhibit the inflammation 99.42 % after 6h. These result is a evident that synthesized compounds show relevant degree of anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug. It is also concluded that the presence of SO2NH2 group, Cl, CH3, OCH3 and N(CH3)2 group may provide the active compounds when attached to the pyrazoline group. But the addition of OH, Br and no substitution in phenyl ring may diminish the activity.
Evaluation of Lung Function Test in Zumba Dancers
Authors: Moharana Prateeksha , S Preetha , Sridevi G. , Prathap Lavanya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Exercise is very important in each and every individual’s life. Zumba exercise is a form of physical exercise that combines all the exercise which is beneficial for the body. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of zumba exercise training on pulmonary function tests in individuals.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out among 60 individuals where 30 people belonged to a normal group and 30 people were zumba dancers. The values were recorded through a computerised spirometer. This study was done among zumba dancers in the Chennai region. The results were analysed using SPSS software. unpaired T test was used to analyse the statistical significance. p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean values of the lung function test for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratios were 3.73, 2.88 and 82.33% respectively and all the values were statistically not significant.

Conclusion: The study showed that pulmonary function tests in zumba dancers were good when compared to the control group.