bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política trabalhista emergencial aos trabalhadores afetados pelos eventos climáticos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Medida Provisória 1.230/2024)
Authors: Serau Junior Marco Aurélio , Varella de Oliveira Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Contextualização: A MP 1.230/2024 criou benefício de apoio financeiro aos trabalhadores atingidos pela catástrofe climática no Rio Grande do Sul. A tragédia social e humana vivenciada ensejou respostas do poder público – além das ações concretas e imediatas de resgate e reconstrução, destacam-se diversas medidas estruturais de Direito Econômico, Orçamentário e Tributário. Após a edição da Medida Provisória 1.219, que trouxe políticas assistenciais para a população afetada, foi editada a Medida Provisória 1.230, em 7.6.2024, que traz algumas medidas trabalhistas de apoio à população afetada, visando também a preservação de postos de trabalho, cujas previsões serão examinadas através do presente.
Objetivo: O objeto do presente estudo foi analisar os termos da Medida Provisória 1.230/2024, apontando e comentando a respeito de seus pontos positivos, bem como de suas fragilidades.
Método: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da análise do texto da Medida Provisória 1.230/2024, com a finalidade de averiguar-se a respeito de possíveis efeitos decorrentes de suas previsões, bem como prováveis continuidades quando se trata da legislação e realidade social brasileira. Para fins de examinar a respeito de tais continuidades, foram estudados textos atinentes à temática, de maneira interdisciplinar – combinando-se análises jurídicas e da sociologia do trabalho.
Resultados: A partir das análises realizadas foi possível concluir que a Medida Provisória 1.230/2024, uma vez que destina os benefícios previstos somente àqueles trabalhadores classificados como empregados, não rompe com a configuração nacional de dualidade entre trabalhadores que detém acesso aos direitos sociais e aqueles que permanecem à margem de tal sistema
MOTIVASI MEMEDIASI PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN PADA UNIVERSITAS MAYJEND SUNGKONO MOJOKERTO
Authors: Putri Rainy Alifa Rifa Febrianti , Prasetyo Indra , Utari Woro
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and communication on lecturer performance with motivation as a moderating variable. The object of this research is all lecturers at the University of Mayjend Sungkono Mojokerto. The sample in this study used total sampling, namely all lecturers at the University of Mayjend Sungkono Mojokerto. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires directly to 60 respondents. This study uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using the SmartPLS Version 3.0 application. The results showed that the work environment and communication had a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, the work environment and communication had a positive and significant effect on motivation but motivation had no effect on lecturer performance. The results of the indirect effect show results if motivation mediates the influence of the work environment and communication on lecturer performance.
Additional Effects Of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Along With Conventional Approach On Pain, Physical Function and Range of Motion in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: An Experimental Study
Authors: Maitri Chonker  , Vinit Mody
Published: July 2024

Background: Mechanical low back pain refers to back pain that starts intrinsically from the spine, intervertebral discs, or surrounding soft tissues. This includes lumbosacral muscle strain, disc herniation, lumbar spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, etc. and this accounts for 97% of cases. It is characterized by increased pain with motion and decreased pain with rest. Repetitive trauma and overuse are common causative factors of chronic mechanical low back pain. The suboccipital muscle inhibition technique (SMIT) has been reported to be beneficial in reducing pain, increasing hamstring extensibility and reducing functional disability in chronic low back pain patients. So, the aim was to compare the effectiveness of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique along with conventional approach and conventional approach alone on pain, physical function and range of motion in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.
Method: Total 46 patients were included and divided into two groups (23 in each group). Experimental group was treated with suboccipital muscle inhibition along with conventional approach and Control group was treated with conventional approach alone for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Inter-group analysis by Mann Whitney U-test and Unpaired t-test showed statistically significant difference in pain, physical function and lumbar flexion range of motion (P value ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Suboccipital muscle inhibition along with conventional approach was found to be more predominant in improving pain, physical functional and lumbar range of motion (flexion) in chronic mechanical low back pain than conventional approach. Also, suboccipital muscle inhibition and conventional approach were equally effective in improving lumbar range of motion (extension).
Child Rearing Practices Among Working and Non Working Mothers Of Under Five at Selected Hospital, Salem
Authors: Nagalakshmi  , K. Tamizharasi
Published: July 2024

Parenting is considered as important factor for child’s development and well being. It is mother who is considered responsible for developing positive attitude, behavior and inculcating positive abilities in their children. This helps the children to have an understanding of right and wrong and to become good and successful human beings. Working women thus have a tough task of professional obligation along with taking care and nurturing their children from early age to adolescent. Although they are able to fulfill financial needs of their children but, still they are not able to give as much time and care as given by non-working mothers 4 .A quantitative evaluative research approach with Non experimental survey researchdesign was used to conduct the study among 40 (20 working & 20 non working mothers) at SriGokulam Hospital, Salem using Purposive sampling technique . Descriptive check list was used to collect the data. The results of the study shows that majority of non working mothers 19 (95%) and working mothers 16 (80%) had satisfactory Child Rearing Practices whereas 4 working mothers (20%) and only one non working mother (5%) had un satisfactory Child Rearing Practices. The higher mean score percentage (72%) was found among non working mothers with the mean difference of 2 and significant difference (t value = 7.28) was found between working and non working mothers on child rearing practices. There was significantassociation found between only with education of the working mother and child rearingpractices.
The Role Of Respiratoy Physiotherapy In Improvement Of Consious Level (GCS) And Cognitive Level (RLA-R) Score In Acquired Brain Injury Patients Admitted In Intensive Care Unit: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sachin Agarwal  , Rajasekar S
Published: July 2024

It was accounted for ABI as damage to the brain which brings about disintegration in subjective, physical, enthusiastic and autonomous working. Acquired brain injury can occur due to injury, hypoxia, contamination, tumor, substance manhandle, degenerative neurological sickness and stroke1,2. Serious ABI is characterized as a GCS of 3-8 after cardiopulmonary revival in a patient with an irregular computer tomography (CT) output of the head which shows haematomas,  wounds, oedema, and compacted basal cisterns3,4. The definitions gave in this passage were embraced for use in this ABI investigation.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to objectively describe the extent of impaired consciousness in all types of acute medical and trauma patients. The Glasgow Coma Scale divides into three parameters: best eye response (E), best verbal response (V) and best motor response (M). The levels of response in the components of the Glasgow Coma Scale are ‘scored’ from 1, for no response, up to normal values of 4 (Eye-opening response) 5 ( Verbal response) and 6 (Motor response). The total Coma Score thus has values between three and 15, three being the worst and 15 being the highest. The score is the sum of the scores as well as the individual elements. For example, a score of 10 might be expressed as GCS10 = E3V4M3.
The Rancho Los Amigos (RLA-R) Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale is a renowned clinical tool used to rate how people with brain injury are recovering. The ten levels of recovery noted in the scale also help to decide when a patient is ready for rehabilitation. As patients "wake up" after a head injury, they go through different levels of recovery on the Rancho Scale. Each level describes a general pattern of recovery, with a focus on cognition and behavior.
Methods: Respiratory physiotherapy procedures assists to expand lung volumes, enhance gas diffuson, reduce work of breathing, reduce MV stay of patients and induce optimum recovery. In this the respiratory physiotherapy applications involved a regimen of Positioning, Manual Hyperinflation (MH), Airway Suctioning, PNF for Respiration, Passive Limb Movement protocol and Early Mobilisation protocol.
Results: The results shows that the Conscious level (GCS) and Cognitive level (RLA-R) Score improved from at the time of admission to at the time of discharge the significance of P<.005
Conclusion: Respiratory physiotherapy managed Conscious level (GCS) and Cognitive level (RLA-R) Score improved from at the time of admission to at the time of discharge and improved the outcome of the ABI patients.
COVID-19 Effects on Well-being and Academic Performance in Physical Therapy Graduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Rupali
Published: July 2024

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted physical and mental health, often resulting in reduced sleep quality and increased fatigue. This study examines how COVID-19 affects sleep, fatigue, and academic performance in graduate students, including those in physical therapy programs, to inform support strategies during these challenging times.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among graduate students at Russell Sage College. Participants provided demographic information and reported their COVID-19 infection status, sleep quality, fatigue levels, and self-reported GPA. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and academic performance was assessed via grade point average (GPA). Given the limited sample size, data analysis utilized non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s Rho.
Results: Sixty-two graduate students participated in the study, with 31 reporting a history of COVID-19 infection. Results showed no significant difference in sleep quality, fatigue, or GPA between students with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis. However, students with a COVID-19 diagnosis reported slightly higher scores than those without on the PSQI (7.39 vs. 6.91) and FAS general fatigue (26.17 vs. 24.17), and slightly lower GPA (3.67 vs. 3.7), although these differences were not statistically significant. The study also found a negative association between GPA and overall fatigue (r=-0.449; P=0.028) and mental fatigue (r=-0.422; P=0.04) in students with a COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 infection might affect fatigue levels in graduate students, potentially influencing academic performance. Larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm and comprehend these findings. Physical therapy students, experiencing both physiological effects and educational disruptions, may encounter challenges, including disrupted sleep patterns, heightened fatigue, and academic consequences. Educators in physical therapy programs can leverage these insights to adjust teaching methods and offer support to mitigate the pandemic's impact on student learning.
Kalibrieren auf Höchstniveau
Authors: Kindermann Reiner
Published: July 2024

Wer Kalibrieren als Dienstleistung anbietet, ist auf moderne Prüfstände angewiesen, die sich durch Qualität, Präzision, eine hohe Geschwindigkeit sowie ein einfaches Handling auszeichnen – damit Betriebe genaue, hochwertige Produkte erzeugen können.
Zeitenwende erfordert Transformation
Authors: Kraus Georg
Published: July 2024

Der Begriff Transformation ist zurzeit in aller Munde – ebenso der Begriff „Zeitenwende“. Doch was bedeutet dieser im Unternehmenskontext überhaupt? – das ist oft unklar. Ebenso ist nicht genau definiert, was einen Transformations- von einem Change-Prozess unterscheidet.
Perancangan Augmented Reality Pada Media Promosi Brosur Perumahan Beverly Lake dengan Metode Marker Based Tracking
Authors: Ramadhan Renata Adieb , Mulia Isnan
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Los Semilleros de Investigación y el Desarrollo de Competencias Investigativas: Análisis de la Revisión Documental del Estado del Arte
Authors: Serrano Viana Ilich Wadid
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo, destaca la importancia de realizar un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura académica existente para fundamentar la construcción de una tesis doctoral en el campo de los semilleros de investigación. Se resalta la necesidad de identificar tendencias emergentes, vacíos en la investigación y áreas de oportunidad para contribuir al avance teórico y práctico en este ámbito educativo. La revisión documental proporciona una base sólida para comprender la evolución de los semilleros de investigación y su impacto en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas. Las tesis doctorales seleccionadas ofrecen una visión integral sobre los semilleros de investigación, abordando aspectos como la formación metodológica, el aprendizaje colaborativo y la influencia de factores institucionales en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas. Se destaca la diversidad de enfoques pedagógicos y contextos educativos estudiados, lo que subraya la necesidad de adaptar las estrategias de formación a las características específicas de cada entorno. La revisión documental revela la riqueza de perspectivas y enfoques en el estudio de las competencias investigativas, así como la importancia de cuestionar supuestos arraigados y explorar nuevas perspectivas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. En conclusión, la revisión documental y el estado del arte en tesis doctorales sobre semilleros de investigación y competencias investigativas resaltan la relevancia de seguir explorando y fortaleciendo la formación en este campo educativo. Se identifican áreas de oportunidad para futuras investigaciones, como la evaluación de estrategias pedagógicas innovadoras, el análisis de factores institucionales y la promoción de un aprendizaje significativo centrado en el estudiante.
Penggunaan Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT) dan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) untuk Mereduksi Waste Pada Pabrik Timah di Pasuruan
Authors: Kelvin Kelvin , Rahayu Sri , Yuliana Pram Eliyah
Published: July 2024

PT. XYZ merupakan pabrik penghasil lead alloy dengan menggunakan bahan baku berupa aki bekas. Produksi dilakukan melalui 3 proses yaitu, proses battery breaker, proses furnace, proses refining. Penelitian ini akan mengamati proses produksi secara menyeluruh untuk mengetahui pemborosan yang terjadi. Metode yang diterapkan adalah Waste Assessment Model (WAM) dan metode Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT). Hasil dari pengamatan ini menemukan rata-rata tingkat pelayanan sebesar 87% yang berarti tingkat efektifitas pelayanan masih kurang karena masih dibawah 100% sehingga masih dapat dilakukan perbaikan. Dan untuk memperbaiki tingkat pelayanan, maka perusahaan dapat menggunakan metode WAM yaitu dengan melakukan analisis atau pengamatan terhadap pemborosan yang terjadi terlebih dahulu. Usulan perbaikan yang direkomendasikan meliputi pengeliminasian pemborosan pada battery breaker untuk permasalahan pengeringan menggunakan energi matahari dapat digantikan dengan menggunakan mesin filter press dan untuk permasalahan pengumpulan hasil crushing dari aki bekas dapat diganti dengan langsung meletakkan hasil crushing pada wadah supaya dapat lebih cepat. Sedangkan pada proses refining dapat dilakukan penambahan jumlah operator dan untuk permasalahan produk menunggu sesuai lot untuk di kemas dapat dilakukan penambahan kapasitas mesin untuk menghindari penyimpanan berlebih.
Comprehensive Legislation Developing and Policy Framework for Effective Food Waste Management in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Hua Siong , Abdull Manaf Azwina Wati , Chung Kwok Whee
Published: July 2024

The problem of food wastage is a major international issue and in Malaysia itself, a total amount of 3,000 tonnes of edible food that is still good to be consumed is been dumped in landfills every day. The problem is that currently Malaysia has no laws to address food wastage. It has been over one year since the press statement and there is yet no law being formulated. The research objectives are to identify and resolve the factors leading to food wastage; and to formulate a legal framework by way of requirements and guidelines for a draft law to combat food wastage. The research adopted a qualitative methodology by studying and comparing similar laws and strategies adopted globally, measures adopted by businesses and social organizations that could be adopted successfully in Malaysia. This research has contributed towards changing lifestyle patterns in relation to food buying, consumption and wastage. Through publications from this research, knowledge were shared on efficient food management methods and social responsibilities. Towards this end, a model law has been proposed with guidelines to the public and businesses involved in the food industry to participate in a novel excess food distribution programme as part of their corporate social responsibility. This research is therefore timely and in line with the national strategy, impacting a critical social need.
Best Practices in Facilities Management to Rectify Office Building Performance Issues in Malaysia: Insights From Facilities Management Team
Authors: Ling Zhi , Husain Siti Hamidah
Published: July 2024

Malaysian facilities management (FM) faces a variety of obstacles that make it difficult for them to carry out their essential duties. These challenges are found in the domains of personnel, policies, budget, technology and equipment. The literature contains an infinite array of challenges. Thus, the goal of this research was to determine which FM approach would be most useful in addressing the challenges of attaining building performance in the Malaysian real estate market. This study used fully qualitative methods through interviews with experts. This research expands knowledge by investigating FM practices to ensure that buildings and facilities are well-maintained, operational and comply with safety and regulatory standards. The results of this study revealed that FM teams in Malaysia face critical challenges such as aging infrastructure, limited budgets and insufficient personnel training, which hinder maintenance efforts, necessary upgrades and the adoption of modern practices. Then, the effectiveness of FM teams in Malaysia is significantly influenced by technological adoption and stakeholder engagement, which collectively impact standards, efficiency and service delivery. Third, to enhance FM in Malaysia, the study recommends investing in training programs, adopting advanced management systems and predictive maintenance tools and fostering proactive stakeholder engagement. Furthermore, the findings of this study were useful to FM teams and users since they provide the best strategies for FM practitioners, based on experts’ insights in managing and maintaining office buildings in Malaysia. It is suggested that further study be conducted to study the best approach to FM in maintaining and managing the safety and regulatory standards in Malaysian office buildings.
The Appraisal of Fire Active System for Low-Cost High Rise Residential Building in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Salleh Naziah Muhamad , Mohd Zaini Nurul Balqis Natasha
Published: July 2024

Fire incidents occur in low-cost areas of residential buildings are increasing. The incidents involves life, this property will affect the residents. In addition, this study aims to evaluate management practices and compliance with safety standards in high-rise low-cost residential buildings in Penang. The objective of this paper is to assess the condition of active fire systems in low-cost high-rise buildings to comply with the standard and the law. Recommendation improvements in the fire safety aspects of low-cost residential buildings in Penang are implemented too. This research observation, fire safety audit checklist and interviews in the field. This finding emphasizes that every building's active fire system is 75 % is not working well and not maintained and some even do not follow the prescribed laws. This paper reposes to improve the active fire system, routine inspection and maintenance of the fire safety system, regular training and safety education for residents, installation of smart fire alarm systems, use of the latest technology and cooperation with the authorities to ensure compliance with regulations.
BALANCING RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES, INNOVATION & SAFETY IN A CHANGING WORLD
Authors: Colis Myra , Dąbek Aleksandra , Hagiarian Benjamin , Marek Karla
Published: July 2024

For this year’s Spring Issue, we feature five articles that delve into various topics, each of which points out to something extremely relevant when we talk about finding balance between rights and responsibilities, innovation and safety. Whether it is addressing the relational balance between perpetrators and victims, advocating for stronger legal protections for migrant workers, seeking to optimise patent licensing to promote innovation, questioning the application of the responsibility to protect doctrine, or analysing the limits of data protection laws, the authors provoke thoughtful reflection on the rights and responsibilities we hold as individuals, communities, and nations.
Relevant aspects of the Ukrainian higher education system in the context of war
Authors: OMELCHENKO Maryna , ORDATII Nataliia , ORDATII Anatoliy , ANHELSKA Victoriia , GUMENIUK Nataliia
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in higher education, which were necessary and ripe for reforming and optimizing education in Ukraine. Their relevance and corrections were outlined especially acutely in the conditions of changes in society, requirements for obtaining professional specialization against the background of a full-scale invasion of the aggressor country Russia. Higher education institutions faced inevitable changes related to the modification of the contingent and the number of applicants and students, teaching staff, material support and directly the educational component. The help of the scientific and business community of the world is invaluable in supporting the development of Ukrainian educational and research projects, receiving grants, forming foreign branches, establishing foreign cooperation at the university level. The war requires a more responsible attitude to the effectiveness of obtaining higher education in front of students and, accordingly, in front of teachers. Incredible people who prepare for lectures and read them online in the trenches, create the latest technological developments related to the military and medical fields, combine training with volunteer work - they are the titans of education and science, not in words, but in deeds, by their own example implement changes, becoming leaders in the development of modern history and higher education. It is impossible to stop this difficult period of our life, to press the stop button, because children grow and develop, changing age periods and social roles. Yesterday’s students strive to shape their own life path by making a choice for themselves regarding further education. The field of higher education should help in this, providing a range of proposals, based on the realities of war. The conditions for providing higher education are not simple, but they are necessary, which means that they can and should be implemented for the sake of the youth, who are the prospects and future of our country.
Education transformation strategies in the context of social security formation
Authors: SHAKUN Natalia
Published: July 2024

The author considered the ideological and methodological basis of the transformation of the educational system in the direction of strengthening its role as a factor in formation of social security of Ukrainian society. Global society opens up significant opportunities for individual self-realization, at the same time, it poses threats to the functioning of all social spheres, including educational one. It is noted that in the conditions of global risks, the need for formation of a new type of education, capable of teaching a person to live in the conditions of ultra-fast changes and security challenges, is becoming urgent. This is especially relevant for Ukraine, where the war, as an existential threat, actualized the need for the formation of education transformation strategies corresponding to the extreme conditions of the Ukrainian people’s existence. The factors of the formation of social security and the mechanisms of its implementation are substantiated. The challenges that affect the functioning of the education system in the conditions of martial law and pose a threat to social security are considered. It is noted that the formation of social security is impossible without the development of fundamental worldview and value principles of education, corresponding to the extreme conditions of existence of the Ukrainian people. It has been established that the following strategies for the transformation of Ukrainian education in the context of strengthening social security in society include formation of national identity; rehabilitation of a complex of humanistic values in people’s minds; prevention of a conflict state and formation of skills for finding consensus in a conflict situation; development of civic consciousness; promoting the ideas of intercultural dialogue, multiculturalism, tolerance; formation of media literacy, critical and creative thinking.
Support of higher education in Ukraine through the Viber Social Network during the period of martial law
Authors: YATSUKH Oleh
Published: July 2024

According to the results of surveys on the use of social networks by young people (18-29 years old) conducted by the civil network «OPORA», in 2022 in Ukraine, 73.8% of young people reported that they are users of Rakuten Viber. In addition, smartphone ownership has become a ubiquitous element of young people’s lives. Up to 98% of youth reported having or access to a smartphone, and 60% of youth reported being online almost all the time. More importantly, they are increasingly used during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. But since young people spend a lot of time on social networks, it makes no sense not to use these tools in education as well. The article presents the authors’ experience of using Rakuten Viber as a means of supporting education, and the main attention is paid to the results of a survey that studied the opinions and attitudes of students towards Rakuten Viber in comparison with Moodle, as a new phenomenon in university education.
HOW BRAND EMPATHY CREATED: STUDY ON ORGANIC VIRAL CONTENT
Authors: Pramesthi Jasmine Alya , Priastuty Chairunnisa Widya
Published: July 2024

This research explores and develops the concept of Brand Empathy which includes cognitive empathy, emotive empathy, and empathic action, in the context of viral content between Indomie and Mie Gaga on the TikTok platform, generated through AI storytelling. This research describes the empathy formed by significant discussions on social media, especially TikTok, regarding the story of Djajadi Djaja, the founder of Mie Gaga, and the journey of establishing the instant noodle brand. The research method uses qualitative content analysis with snowball sampling through social media content and comments on TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter. Positive and negative opinions play an important role in shaping Brand Empathy. With AI storytelling technology, viral content triggers intense reactions and leads consumers to Brand Empathy. The development of Brand Empathy involves cognitive empathy in understanding and identifying controversies, emotive empathy in emotional responses, and empathic action in tangible actions. The emotional attachment between the audience and the brand creates a parasocial relationship, which demonstrates consumer loyalty and brand reputation. This research provides deep insight into the complexity of e-WOM and introduces a new approach to understanding audience-brand interactions in the digital age through Brand Empathy. This research also highlights the role of cognitive empathy in Brand Empathy related to information dissemination, especially in the context of viral content about Mie Gaga and Indomie. Audiences actively understood and identified feelings, thoughts and perspectives related to the controversy.
Three new Melanogaster species (Boletales, Paxillaceae) from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Yuan Tian-Jun , Luo Hong-Mei , Su Kai-Mei , Li Shu-Hong , Raspé Olivier
Published: July 2024

Three newly discovered Melanogaster species, namely M. cyaneus, M. diqingensis, and M. truncatisporus, are introduced and illustrated based on both morphological and molecular data from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China. A multigene phylogenetic analysis (nrITS, nrLSU, and rpb2) was performed mainly to verify the placement of the new species in Melanogaster. A second, nrITS-only phylogenetic analysis comprising more Melanogaster species for which only ITS sequences were available, was used to infer the relationship between the new species and as many known Melanogaster species as possible. Specimens of M. cyaneus, M. diqingensis, and M. truncatisporus formed three independent clades in a phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS data set. The robust support from ITS for these clades and genetic similarity with other species being lower than 93.2% suggest that these three species are indeed distinct from the other Melanogaster species in the phylogeny. Morphologically, M. cyaneus is characterized by its blue or bluish gleba, light brown to yellowish brown peridium, and subglobose to globose basidiospores, 6.2–15 × 4.6–9.0 μm. Melanogaster diqingensis is distinguished from other Melanogaster species by its pale yellow to brown-yellow peridium and obovate to subglobose basidiospores, 3.0–5.1 × 2.0–4.0 μm. Melanogaster truncatisporus is diagnosed by its subglobose to globose or irregularly elongate-pyriform basidiomata, pale yellow to deeply orange-yellow peridium, and subglobose to globose or pyriform, truncate basidiospores. Additionally, infrageneric classification based on the number of peridium layers, the average thickness of the peridium, and the average length and width of basidiospores was tested with M. cyaneus, M. diqingensis, and M. truncatisporus. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant (OPLS-DA) analysis placed the three new species within the Melanogaster, Rivulares, and Variegati sections, respectively. However, the morphologically circumscribed sections were not monophyletic in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, the current infrageneric classification should be abandoned.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural reassessment of the Iberian Peninsula’s nomina obscura, Scolopendra viridipes Dufour, 1820 and S. chlorotes L. Koch in Rosenhauer, 1856 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae)
Authors: Doménech Carles
Published: July 2024

The taxonomic identities of the two largely neglected Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 species from continental Spain, S. viridipes Dufour, 1820 and S. chlorotes L. Koch in Rosenhauer, 1856, are examined in this paper. After efforts in locating both species’ type series in eight European institutions, the specimens are considered to be lost. Consequently, the identifications of both taxa were approximated by collating their descriptions with the morphology of all other sympatric Scolopendromorpha. Then, compatible topotypes for both species were collected, and among these a neotype for each taxon were selected and compared with the type series of their respective closest relatives. Finally, both S. viridipes and S. chlorotes are proposed to be conspecific with S. oraniensis Lucas, 1846. Therefore, the name S. viridipes is here established as (senior) syn. nov. and nomen oblitum of S. oraniensis, S. oraniensis is declared as nomen protectum, and S. chlorotes (junior) syn. nov. is reallocated to S. oraniensis. Moreover, the specimens making up the type series of S. oraniensis are also indicated and redescribed, the genitalia are illustrated for the first time, and its specific epithet is briefly reviewed, remaining unaltered in respect of its original spelling.
A field survey on the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia, Megophryidae) confirms underestimated diversity in the Gaoligong Mountains, with the description of a new species
Authors: Wu Yun-He , Yu Zhong-Bin , Chen Jin-Min , Kilunda Felista Kasyoka , Zhang Ding-Can , Zuo Chang-Sheng , Zuo An-Ru , Duan Zheng-Pan , Che Jing
Published: July 2024

The Gaoligong Mountains, located in the western part of China’s Yunnan Province adjoining northern Myanmar, harbor a striking diversity of species and endemism. Previous studies have shown that amphibian diversity in this region remains underestimated. A field survey carried out in 2023 oversaw a collection of eight Xenophrys specimens from the Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Subsequent molecular analyses revealed two distinct and previously undescribed lineages. Based on morphological evidence, we formally describe one of the lineages as a new species and tentatively assign the other lineage to X. sp. due to the absence of adult specimens for examination. Our results bring the total number of Xenophrys species to 29 and the number of Xenophrys species known to occur in China to 11. Furthermore, our study reveals that five species and putative species of Xenophrys (X. dehongensis, X. glandulosa, X. periosa, X. yingjiangensissp. nov., and X. sp.) exhibit sympatric distribution. These findings highlight the need for future research to investigate the mechanisms of sympatric coexistence in Xenophrys. In addition, our study confirms that the amphibian diversity of the Gaoligong Mountains is undoubtedly underestimated. As a result, continued exploration of amphibians in the future is necessary to obtain a clearer understanding of the overall biodiversity in this region.
Processing-induced changes in components that affect the radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts from Neopyropia yezoensis
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto , Honda Masaki , Nakamura Rikio , Waditee-Sirisattha Rungaroon , Kamohara Satoru
Published: July 2024

Many marine red algae species are used as food sources around the world. Here, the study focuses on free radical scavenging properties as a beneficial activity of the red alga Neopyropia yezoensis (Susabi-nori), which is consumed in Japan, and investigates quantitative changes in the compounds that could affect the activity due to processing steps. It was found that the dried and roasted samples showed more active radical scavenging properties detected by the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay compared to the fresh samples. The contents of phenolic compounds, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), chlorophylls, and carotenoids were evaluated; it was suggested that an increase in phenolic compounds was responsible for the enhancement of the activity. On the other hand, no correlation with the activity was found for MAAs, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Furthermore, by comparing three different sampling times (early December, early January, and early March), it was found that the sample taken in early December showed the highest radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that the useful activities of N. yezoensis, including its antioxidant activity, can be influenced by its processing steps and harvest time.
Nonparametric Identification of Differentiated Products Demand Using Micro Data
Authors: Berry Steven T. , Haile Philip A.
Published: July 2024

We examine identification of differentiated products demand when one has “micro data” linking the characteristics and choices of individual consumers. Our model nests standard specifications featuring rich observed and unobserved consumer heterogeneity as well as product/market‐level unobservables that introduce the problem of econometric endogeneity. Previous work establishes identification of such models using market‐level data and instruments for all prices and quantities. Micro data provides a panel structure that facilitates richer demand specifications and reduces requirements on both the number and types of instrumental variables. We address identification of demand in the standard case in which nonprice product characteristics are assumed exogenous, but also cover identification of demand elasticities and other key features when these product characteristics are endogenous and not instrumented. We discuss implications of these results for applied work.
Presidential Address: Economics and Measurement: New Measures to Model Decision Making
Authors: Almås Ingvild , Attanasio Orazio , Jervis Pamela
Published: July 2024

Most empirical work in economics has considered only a narrow set of measures as meaningful and useful to characterize individual behavior, a restriction justified by the difficulties in collecting a wider set. However, this approach often forces the use of strong assumptions to estimate the parameters that inform individual behavior and identify causal links. In this paper, we argue that a more flexible and broader approach to measurement could be extremely useful and allow the estimation of richer and more realistic models that rest on weaker identifying assumptions. We argue that the design of measurement tools should interact with, and depend on, the models economists use. Measurement is not a substitute for rigorous theory, it is an important complement to it, and should be developed in parallel to it. We illustrate these arguments with a model of parental behavior estimated on pilot data that combines conventional measures with novel ones.
Time‐consistent implementation in macroeconomic games
Authors: Barthélemy Jean , Mengus Eric
Published: July 2024

The commitment ability of governments is neither infinite nor zero but intermediate. In this paper, we determine the commitment ability that a government needs to implement a unique equilibrium outcome and rule out self‐fulfilling expectations. We show that, in a large class of static macroeconomic games, the government can obtain a unique equilibrium with any low level of commitment ability. We finally derive implications for models of bailouts and capital taxation.
Numerical Modeling of Cantilever Retaining Wall Using EPS Geofoam
Authors: Mustafa Rashid
Published: July 2024

Earth retaining wall structures are common civil engineering structures. Estimation of magnitude and distribution of earth pressure on retaining structures under different surcharge loading conditions is essential as they influence the design and overall economy of retaining structures. Numerical modeling using finite element code PLAXIS is used static analysis. 7 m height of non-yielding cantilever retaining wall with and without EPS geofoam structure is studied and 20 m backfill width was considered. In the present study backfill was modeled as Mohr-Coulomb yield criteria and EPS geofoam and wall were modeled as Linear-elastic. EPS geofoam densities namely 12 kg/m3 and 15 kg/m3 and two different geofoam thicknesses 0.107H and 0.143H were used for static analysis. Three different surcharge loading namely 10 kPa,30kPa and 50kPa which were kept at a distance of 2.0 m away from the wall face. In the static analysis earth pressure distribution for wall with and without geofoam were analyzed. Approximately 50% isolation efficiency was reported. At lower surcharge loads the effectiveness of EPS is more as compare to higher surcharge load and with increase in surcharge load, isolation efficiency gradually decreases and isolation efficiency decreases with increase in buffer modulus. Apart from these serviceability criteria was also checked. Serviceability criteria comprise of lateral deformation of EPS geofoam at sand-geofoam interface and backfill surface settlement were studied. Lower EPS geofoam density and higher EPS geofoam thickness reduces higher magnitude of earth pressure but in this combination the backfill surface settlement was coming very high.
E-counseling development model: modified Psycho-Spiritual and Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (PS-SEFT) on anxiety levels and recovery motivation in pulmonary Tuberculosis patients
Authors: Nadatien Ima , Muhith Abdul , Budiarti Rizqi Putri Nourma , Ibad Mursyidul
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death globally, including in Indonesia. TB patients often experience anxiety, frustration, irritability, and guilt, influenced by their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, work, and primarily psychospiritual factors. One form of support provided to these patients is the Psycho-Spiritual and Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (PS-SEFT). This research aimed to determine the effect of e-counseling combined with PS-SEFT on anxiety levels and motivation for recovery in TB patients. The study used an experimental, correlational analytical method, with a random sample of 14 respondents suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The independent variable was the provision of e-counseling combined with PS-SEFT, and the dependent variables were the levels of anxiety and motivation to recover from TB. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, the HARZ scale, and medical records. Data were processed using various analyses, including the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels after the PS-SEFT intervention, with anxiety reducing by 35.7% from a previously very severe level. Motivation to recover increased significantly, with all 14 patients (100%) showing improvement from moderate to high levels. The Wilcoxon test results indicated a significant difference in the anxiety levels of TB patients before and after the PS-SEFT intervention (p-value=0.005), with the HARZ score decreasing from 95.00 to 32.00. The paired t-test results also showed a significant difference in patient motivation to recover before and after the PS-SEFT intervention (p-value=0.000), with the motivation score increasing from 91.25 to 98.75. Routine PS-SEFT practice by TB patients enhances their ability to manage anxiety and motivates them to recover. The success of these patients must be supported and accompanied by their families.
Role of GeneXpert in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Desai Unnati , AK Saby , Utpat Ketaki , Bacche Jyoti
Published: July 2024

The World Health Organization endorsed the cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test Xpert MTB/RIF (GXP) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Studies about GXP efficiency in extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) are scarce. Hence, we decided to study the role of GXP in EPTB. This prospective observational study, conducted in the pulmonary medicine department of a tertiary care hospital after ethics committee permission, recruited 200 EPTB patients. The diagnosis of TB was achieved with the help of clinico-radiological correlation with microbiological test positivity. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture was treated as the comparative gold standard. Patients who had no or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of TB and the detection of rifampicin resistance. The majority of cases were women (126 patients: 63%). The mean age was 23.71 years. On GXP, 130 (65%) had detected mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and 70 (35%) did not. Adding AFB culture data, 168 (81.5%) showed microbiological evidence of TB, and 32 (18.5%) were negative. On the drug susceptibility test, 131 cases were rifampicin-sensitive, 32 were rifampicin-resistant TB, and in 5 cases, data was unavailable. The most common extrapulmonary site of involvement was the lymph node, with 94 patients (47%). The most common lymph node involved was the cervical lymph node, with 70 patients (74.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of GXP in EPTB collectively were 76.68%, 86.48%, 96%, and 45.7%, respectively. GXP is useful for the rapid detection of EPTB and the identification of rifampicin resistance, especially in a high-prevalence country like India.
О двойственности гротендиковского типа для пространств голоморфных функций нескольких переменных
Authors: Khoryakova Yulia Alexandrovna , Shlapunov Aleksandr Anatol'evich
Published: July 2024

Мы описываем сильное сопряженное пространство $({\mathcal O} (D))^*$ к пространству ${\mathcal O} (D)$ голоморфных функций нескольких комплексных переменных в ограниченной липшицевой области $D$ со связным дополнением (как обычно, ${\mathcal O} (D)$ снабжено топологией равномерной сходимости на компактных подмножествах из $D$). Мы идентифицируем двойственное пространство с замкнутым подпространством пространства гармонических функций на замкнутом множестве ${\mathbb C}^n\setminus D$, $n>1$, с элементами, исчезающими в бесконечно удаленной точке и удовлетворяющими касательным условиям Коши-Римана на $\partial D$. В частности, мы обобщаем классическую двойственность Гротендика-Кeте-Себастьяна-и-Сильвы для голоморфных функций одной комплексной переменной на многомерную ситуацию. Мы доказываем, что построенная нами двойственность имеет место быть тогда и только тогда, когда пространство ${\mathcal O} (D)\cap H^1 (D)$ соболевских голоморфных функций в $D$ плотно в ${\mathcal O} (D)$.
Библиография: 35 названий.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Importance of direct evidence to support the roles of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and pyroptosis
Authors: Cai Lu , Tan Yi , Islam Md Shahidul , Horowitz Michael , Wintergerst Kupper A
Published: July 2024

Recently, the roles of pyroptosis, a form of cell death induced by activated NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been extensively investigated. However, most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models, and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM, associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. The direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies, with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific inhibitors. We thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link, given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific conditions. This editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion, i.e. , not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent models. Only clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM, targeting these biomarkers.