bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain MRI in infants exposed to the Zika virus, with one-year follow-up: expanding the phenotype
Authors: Santos Teresa Cristina de Castro Ramos Sarmet dos , Ho Mai-Lan , Aragão Maria de Fatima Vasco , Vianna Renata Artimos de Oliveira , Fernandes Alexandre Ribeiro , Santos Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas dos , Cardoso Claudete Aparecida Araújo
Published: November 2024

Abstract Objective: To analyze longitudinal changes between two brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams performed one year apart in symptomatic infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and normocephalic infants exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) prenatally. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Infants born to women who tested positive for ZIKV on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction during pregnancy were classified into two groups: symptomatic infants with CZS and asymptomatic infants. All of the infants underwent brain MRI at presentation and after one year of follow-up. All MRI scans were evaluated independently by a pediatric radiologist and a pediatric neuroradiologist, and the infants underwent clinical monitoring by a pediatric neurologist. Results: The sample included 36 infants exposed to ZIKV perinatally. Therefore, a total of 72 MRI scans were evaluated. Among the 36 infants included a diagnosis of CZS was made in 25 (69.4%), of whom 18 presented with a combination of classic findings (including reduced brain volume, subcortical calcifications, brainstem hypoplasia, malformations of the corpus callosum, malformations of cortical development, and ventriculomegaly), as well as atypical findings such as hyperintense foci in the white matter on T2-weighted sequences. Of those same 25 infants, seven presented with mild lesions. Of the 11 normocephalic patients, five (13.9%) had atypical findings such as hyperintense foci in the white matter on T2-weighted sequences and no other manifestations of CZS, although there was mild neurological involvement. Six (16.6%) of the 36 patients had completely normal MRI scans with no neurological changes. No disease progression was observed during follow-up. Conclusion: In infants exposed to ZIKV perinatally, the frequency of classic and atypical findings on brain MRI seems to be associated with the neurological status. Brain MRI is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with congenital infection, because intracranial changes other than microcephaly can occur.
Assessment of quality of life using the EORTC 30 protocol in patients with soft tissue sarcoma undergoing surgical treatment
Authors: CAMPOS EURICO CLETO RIBEIRO DE , DALAZOANA FILHO ELDER , KONO PEDRO AFONSO , SOUZA MARCELO AUGUSTO DE , PROENÇA NATÃ DE JESUS , SANTOS MELQUESEDEQUE DOS , SALINA MATHEUS VON JELITA , ZANOLLA PEDRO SCHNAIDER , YAMAOKA LETÍCIA MIDORI MICHALAWISKI , MIYAWAKI LUANA NAOMI
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of life among patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas treated at the Evangelic Mackenzie Hospital (HUEM) from 2018 to 2024 and undergoing surgical treatment. Material and Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional analysis of 23 patients with soft tissue neoplasia who underwent surgery and whether they underwent neoadjuvant or adjuvant clinical treatments. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data were considered. The EORTC 30 protocol was the instrument used for assessing the patients’ quality of life. Results: the main cases were located at extremity in females. Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years. All patients were symptomatic at diagnosis, with pain and a palpable mass being the most prevalent symptom and clinical sign, respectively. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the date of diagnosis was 9 months. The mean tumor size was 11.68cm. Considering the functional scale, the items physical functioning, role performance and social function were the most affected in the assessment of quality of life. Fatigue and loss of appetite were the most common sign and symptom, respectively. A global measure of quality of life achieved high rates when 50% of patients rated as excellent. Conclusion: Continuous and multidisciplinary oncological care provided to the patient allows for better symptom control, resulting in higher quality of life, which positively impacts the patient’s adherence to treatment, their progression, and possibly their survival.
Comparing diabetes prediction based on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the ELSA-Brasil study
Authors: Lopes Gabriela Wünsch , Canhada Scheine Leite , Reis Rodrigo Citton Padilha dos , Diniz Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander , Goulart Alessandra Carvalho , Faria Luciana Costa , Griep Rosane Harter , Perazzo Hugo , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Schmidt Maria Inês
Published: November 2024

Abstract: We aimed to compare nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definitions concerning diabetes prediction in a large sample of Brazilian adults. As a secondary objective, we compared associations between NAFLD/MASLD and diabetes across self-declared race/skin color groups. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study of Brazilian civil servants (35-74 years) enrolled from 2008 to 2010 and followed up from 2012-2014 and 2017-2019. We ascertained type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline as well as follow-up visits based on self-reported diagnosis, medication use, and glycemic tests (fasting and 2h post-OGTT glucose and HbA1c). We excluded individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or self-reported cirrhosis/hepatitis. We analyzed 7,073 subjects. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound-based steatosis. Participants with steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic factor were considered as having MASLD. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the association between NAFLD/MASLD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At baseline, 33.9% of individuals presented NAFLD and 32.5% presented MASLD. Over 9.4 years of follow-up, the relative increase in the incidence of diabetes was 78% for NAFLD (HR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.58-2.01) and 88% for MASLD (HR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.67-2.12). Associations did not differ significantly among race/skin color groups (p for interaction = 0.10 for MASLD and 0.08 for NAFLD). In this large cohort of middle-aged and older Brazilian adults, the relative incidence of diabetes was similar for NAFLD and MASLD definitions, with similar associations in all ethnic groups.
Análisis de capacidades institucionales del Ministerio de Salud en Guatemala: restricción democrática, desfinanciamiento, reformas y modelo de atención
Authors: Figueroa Cristian David Osorio
Published: November 2024

Resumen: Guatemala es uno de los países de Latinoamericana con mayores inequidades en el acceso a servicios de salud, especialmente en la atención primaria de salud. Múltiples reformas han sido propuestas para solucionar los problemas de accesibilidad sin el éxito esperado, debido a ser experiencias aisladas o la discontinuidad en su implementación. Dada la ausencia de una tradición consolidada en evaluación, no es posible conocer otros factores asociados. De tal forma, el presente trabajo objetivó analizar brechas que inciden en el entorno institucional del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS). Fue utilizado el referencial teórico de análisis de capacidades institucionales para apuntar principales desafíos a ser enfrentados por la institución en su entorno macro-institucional y micro-institucional. Se argumenta que la poca capacidad institucional provocada por los procesos de ajuste estructural debilita la capacidad de respuesta del MSPAS para la garantía del derecho a la salud, situación evidenciada durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El entorno macro-institucional guatemalteco limita el desarrollo de capacidades institucionales al no contar con una tradición democrática consolidada. Sumado, existe una baja capacidad estatal dada la falta de direccionamiento claro sobre sus objetivos, el desfinanciamiento y el enfoque biomédico-hegemónico del modelo de atención que limita el actuar desde un enfoque promocional de la salud. El presente artículo demostró la existencia de limitaciones al desarrollo de capacidades institucionales y la importancia de fortalecer el campo de políticas, planificación y gestión sanitarias.
Nursing care for cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy in an Intensive Care Unit: a scoping review
Authors: Branco Aline , Weston Fernanda Cirne Lima , Soares Giovanna da Rosa , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Caregnato Rita Catalina Aquino
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To map postoperative nursing care for critically ill adult and older patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after cytoreduction surgery with hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Method: TScoping review according to the JBI methodology, with articles extracted from databases and gray literature, with no language or publica-tion date delimitation. The studies selection and results extraction process was carried out by two independent reviewers, using the soft-ware EndNote® and Rayyan®. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review was used for the writing, with registration on the Open Science Framework. Results: Forty-two studies were selected. The analysis revealed 72 types of care grouped into 14 care areas. The use of an epidural catheter for anal-gesia, optimization of individualized hemodynamic status, and strict control of fluid balance were the most cited care measures. Conclusion: The mapping identified post-operative nursing care similar to those for major surgeries for patients recovering in the Intensive Care Unit, with an indication of the use of personal protective equipment by professionals when handling tubes in the first 48 hours of admission.
O terreiro na paisagem feral: as folhas de Exu crescem junto às ruínas do capitalismo
Authors: Silva Hugo Weslley Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O ensaio tem por objetivo compreender como a folha da mamona pode ser útil para refletir sobre as ruínas do capitalismo, utilizando uma abordagem etnográfica. A análise se concentra nas relações entre o terreiro Ilê Axé Ojú Obá Ayrá e Nanã e os seres mais-que-humanos que crescem e prosperam em paisagens ferais. A mamona, que brota nas margens dos rios formados por efluentes domésticos não tratados, atravessando as periferias de Caruaru-PE, tornou-se parte de uma paisagem feral gerada pela expansão do capitalismo. O objetivo deste trabalho vai além de explicar os efeitos do capitalismo sobre a religião, ou seu contrário, propondo compreender como o terreiro e esses agentes mais-que-humanos se relacionam.
Dynamics of the water infiltration process in permeable pavement using in situ experimentation and numerical simulation with hydrus-2D
Authors: Costa Ialy Rayane de Aguiar , Santos Neto Severino Martins dos , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima , Coutinho Artur Paiva
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT This work presents a two-dimensional simulation of infiltration dynamics in a real permeable pavement (PP) structure in the city of Recife, representing more realistically the geometry of the infiltration bulb and the dynamics of water redistribution processes in the PP. Sixteen infiltration tests were carried out on the PP using the Beerkan method. The hydrodynamic parameters of the PP surface were determined by applying the inverse method to the infiltration data. Simulations of water transfer processes were carried out with Hydrus-2D using the hydrodynamic properties corresponding to the highest and lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity observed on the surface. Satisfactory infiltration characteristics were observed in the PP. The inverse method showed good adjustment capacity to the accumulated infiltration curves and estimation of hydrodynamic properties. Simulations using Hydrus-2D demonstrated that the infiltration process and water redistribution in the subgrade depend on the hydrodynamic properties of the coating.
Application of topic modelling and neural network analysis to analyze life satisfaction
Authors: Choi Young-Chool
Published: November 2024

Abtract This study aims analyze the important influencing factors that affect the life satisfaction of Koreans, and to identify the relative importance of these factors. For this purpose, we utilize academic papers on what influences life satisfaction, and questionnaire data from the survey on social integration conducted annually by the Korean Government. A topic modelling analysis method was used to derive important influencing factors, and a neural network analysis method, one of the machine learning methods, was used to analyze the relative importance of influencing factors. The analysis showed that the factor that had the greatest impact on Koreans’ life satisfaction was satisfaction with work. Other factors included self-esteem, level of worry and anxiety, and level of satisfaction with health status. The study used methods such as topic modeling and neural network analysis to derive the main factors affecting life satisfaction and analyze the relative importance of the factor involved. The study results suggest that in recognition of the importance of job satisfaction, future research should be expanded, and that the Korean Government should introduce various policies to increase job satisfaction.
Ciencia abierta y equidad de género: lo que dicen las investigadoras e investigadores colombianos
Authors: Sierra Ruth Helena Vallejo
Published: November 2024

Resumen Equidad y justicia son valores promovidos por la ciencia abierta. Este documento describe la perspectiva de equidad de género basada en el perfil, principios, componentes y prácticas de apertura, a partir del cuestionario que fue aplicado a 2331 investigadores, de los cuales 61% son hombres y el 39% mujeres. Del estudio sobre las prácticas de ciencia abierta de investigadores colombianos que fue realizado para apoyar la formulación de la Política Nacional de Ciencia Abierta en los años 2021-2022. Los resultados muestran que la equidad es un factor prioritario en las acciones para impulsar la apertura del ecosistema científico. En cuanto a las diferencias por género se encontró que no existe una gran diferencia en términos de la evaluación de su importancia y de su utilización en cada una de las etapas del proceso de investigación. Sin embargo, la falta de formación es el mayor obstáculo para que las mujeres faltaría el artículo las adopten.
From explore to inhabit: postmodern ecosophic sensibility
Authors: Candido Douglas , Incerti Fabiano
Published: November 2024

Abstract Articulating the thoughts of Pope Francis, W.G. Sebald and Michel Maffesoli regarding the seventh commitment of the Global Compact on Education, which concerns care for the Common Home, this article aims, from a literary-philosophical perspective, to problematize the relationship between civilization and nature, both as critical resistance to the idea of progress as the only possible path for human history, as well as indicating the elements for a different ethics, which highlight a new paradigm of understanding the environment and the relationships that are established within it. Postmodernity, in contrast to modernity, which with its emphasis on technical progress and the domination of nature, generated ecological and social crises, proposes a return to the sensitive, the imaginary and the symbolic as essential forms of knowledge and experience. This return to the sensible implies an appreciation of traditions, myths and rituals, which (re)connect individuals to a broader community and to nature.
Experiences of Divine Bliss, Anger and Evil during the Pandemic: Non-ordinary Experiences during Lockdown
Authors: Schmidt Bettina E. , Stockly Kate
Published: November 2024

Abstract This article illustrates the complexity of non-ordinary experiences during the pandemic, highlighting accounts of three different types of experiences: encounters with divine bliss, anger, and evil. The focus is on four narrative accounts of non-ordinary experiences that were submitted by email in response to a wider research project about religious, spiritual, and otherwise non-ordinary experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following sections discuss the distinction between experiences perceived as ordinary and non-ordinary and the impact of non-ordinary experiences on wellbeing during lockdown-sometimes as positive meaning-making experiences that contribute to people’s ability to cope with the lockdown and the devastation of the pandemic, and other times expressive of stress and fear, often further exacerbated by silence about the experience. The article then contextualizes approaches to studying these experiences within the academic study of religion and spiritual experiences. Anthropologists have long understood non-ordinary experiences, along with their context-dependent interpretations, as reflective of cultural meaning-making processes.
Environmental factors on the prediction of the lactation curve of Holstein cows
Authors: Evangelista Amauri Felipe , Martins Rafaela , Valotto Altair Antônio , Dias Laila Talarico , Teixeira Rodrigo de Almeida
Published: November 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the lactation curve parameters and milk yield of Holstein cows. Data on lactations conducted from 2010 to 2019 in the state of Paraná, Brazil, obtained from the official dairy control service, were used. The parameters of the lactation curves were estimated using the Wood model and NLIN procedure of the SAS software. The influence of the environmental factors lactation order and calving region and season on the parameters of the lactation curves and on milk yield was evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS. First-lactation cows reached peak lactation later and showed a more persistent lactation. Milk yield increased with lactation order. The highest lactation peaks occurred in lactations started in winter and in fall, at 305 days. Cows raised in the center-east region of the state of Paraná had the highest milk yield at the peak and at 305 days of lactation. Lactation order and calving region and season influence the shape of the lactation curve of Holstein cows, with an increase in milk yield when lactation cycles begin in winter-spring.
In vitro rhizogenesis of blueberry microcuttings under different LED light spectra
Authors: Florêncio Mariana Trevisan , Kreyci Patrícia Fabretti , Jacob Jéssica Fernanda de Oliveira , Ambrosano Guilherme Bovi , Demétrio Christian Aparecido , Rodrigues Paulo Hercílio Viegas
Published: November 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different LED light spectra on the in vitro rhizogenesis of microcuttings of blueberry 'Jewel', without the use of growth regulators. The plantlets were subjected to four LED light treatments, as follows: R, 100% red; R2B, 70% red and 30% blue; B, 100% blue; and CW, control white. After six weeks incubated in a culture room, R and R2B treatments show statistically significant effects on the in vitro rooting of blueberry.
Viajar, conhecer e comparar: Ricardo Rosa y Alberty e o curso de Pedagogia Montessori (Barcelona, 1916)
Authors: Silva Carlos Manique da , Vilhena Carla
Published: November 2024

Resumo O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão do discurso pedagógico sobre a infância que circulou em Portugal nas primeiras décadas do século XX, designadamente a receção de novas abordagens pedagógicas. Tendo em conta a importância dos materiais impressos para a circulação e estruturação do conhecimento pedagógico, partiu-se da análise de um relatório produzido por Ricardo Rosa y Alberty, professor do ensino primário que frequentou, em Barcelona, no ano de 1916, o Curso Internacional de Pedagogia Montessori. A análise do relatório foi complementada com a referência a outros textos produzidos pelo mesmo autor, que tinham em comum o facto de se centrarem no pensamento pedagógico de Maria Montessori. Neste estudo optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo-se procedido a uma análise de conteúdo dos textos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram compreender que o conhecimento pedagógico veiculado nos cursos montessorianos foi reinterpretado pelo autor, acabando por perder alguma “integridade”. Por um lado, há princípios do método que Alberty valoriza e abraça (o conhecimento transferido mantém-se, em boa medida, imutável); por outro lado, afasta-se de alguns dos processos de ensino adotados no ensino elementar, por considerar que estes não são coerentes com a proposta do método (dirigida, fundamentalmente, a crianças em idade pré-escolar). Destaca-se a relevância dos escritos de Alberty para a compreensão da difusão da pedagogia científica em Portugal, em geral, e da pedagogia montessoriana, em particular.
USE OF THE ERECTOR SPINAE PLANE BLOCK IN SPINAL SURGERIES
Authors: BUENO ALLAN JOSE LIMA , CASTILHO ANDRE MOREIRA , SOARES ELIANE CRISTINA DE SOUZA , CARNEIRO FABIANO SOARES , TORRES PEDRO AUGUSTO
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Postoperative pain management in spinal surgeries remains a challenge, and the erector spinae plane (ESP) block has emerged as a promising analgesic technique, offering significant benefits in pain reduction and opioid consumption. This prospective case series aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESP block in patients undergoing elective lumbar surgeries. Patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing surgeries of up to two levels were included, with bilateral ESP blocks performed in conjunction with general anesthesia before the start of surgery. Data were collected in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. The analysis included pain intensity, opioid use, and the occurrence of side effects. Results demonstrated that the ESP block provided satisfactory analgesia, with low morphine usage and no significant adverse effects. Postoperative pain was effectively controlled, with no prolonged hospitalization or block-related complications. Although this study is limited by its case series design, the findings suggest that ESP block may be an effective strategy for pain management in lumbar surgeries. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.
ANTERIOR CERVICAL ARTHRODESIS WITH INTERVERTEBRAL SPACER AND CYLINDRIC BONE SUPPORT
Authors: IUNES EDUARDO AUGUSTO , DEZENA JEAN EDUARDO DE SOUSA CARVALHO , GERBELLI CHRISTIAN LUIZ BAPTISTA , BRAGA TIAGO KIYOSHI KITABAYASHI , BELSUZARRI TELMO AUGUSTO BARBA , BARLETTA ENRICO AFFONSO , CAVALHEIRO SERGIO , JOAQUIM ANDREI FERNANDES
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is considered an established technique in cervical degenerative disease treatment, in which the final goal is the fusion of the segments involved. There are options for spacer grafts, such as bone grafts and synthetic bone substitutes like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. This technical note describes the combination of the stand-alone anchored intervertebral spacer and iliac graft, which is used as a pillar between the vertebrae. The iliac crest removal is performed with a 10 mm or 12 mm diameter trephine. The trephine is employed to make a graft in the same format as the inner portion of the intervertebral spacer. The cylindrical bone graft removed must be 1 millimeter higher than the cage that will be implanted so that it is 0.5 mm above and below the upper and lower edges of the cage. The objective is to establish support between the vertebral plateaus and the bone cylinder, as they present similar resistance and biological aspects, which are fundamental characteristics for proper osseointegration and fusion. When the conventional technique is used, the interaction between the cage and the plateaus occurs more intensely, and a plateau fracture may occur, a phenomenon known as subsidence. This technical note describes a feasible way to obtain autograft bone to be used in ACDF stand-alone surgery. This type of graft may be associated with lower rates of pseudoarthrosis. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.
PREVALENCE OF LUMBAR DEGENERATION GRADES BY GENDER AND AGE
Authors: COLOMBINI MARCELA CASTRO , LIRA REJELOS CHARLES AGUIAR , PRATALI RAPHAEL DE REZENDE , PONTES MARIANA DEMéTRIO DE SOUSA , HERRERO CARLOS FERNANDO PEREIRA DA SILVA
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the prevalence of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) according to a classification for LDD and correlate it with the gender and age of patients included in the study. Methods: A sample of the Brazilian population registered in the database of a public tertiary hospital was used for retrospective analysis in this cross-sectional study. Radiographic examinations of patients included in the study were evaluated to identify and classify LDD. The demographic data collected were the age and gender of the patients. Results: There was no statistical significance in the relationship between prevalence by gender and LDD degree classification. For age, there was significance only in older individuals with grades 1, 2, or 3, and it was impossible to observe the same relevance between the ages of patients with some degree of LDD. Grade 1 LDD was the most prevalent. Conclusion: Elderly patients with some degree of LDD (1, 2, or 3) demonstrated a higher prevalence compared to those of younger age without signs of lumbar degenerative disease, and female patients were more prevalent in our sample. However, there was no statistical difference between genders. Level of Evidence IV; Cross-Sectional Study.
The importance of long-term research for water security: a perspective for Brazilian waterbodies
Authors: Thomaz Sidinei Magela , Benassi Simone Frederigi , Benassi Roseli Frederigi
Published: November 2024

Abstract Water security involves ensuring that water is available in sufficient quality and quantity to meet the needs of human health, livelihoods, ecosystems, and productive activities. This opinion paper highlights the crucial role of Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) in shaping strategies to achieve water security. We begin by defining both water security and LTER, and by illustrating how LTER contributes to securing water resources. We then briefly discuss the significance of early long-term studies that have laid the foundation for water security efforts. Following this, we examine LTER programs focused on freshwater ecosystems in Brazil, with particular emphasis on two case studies in the Upper Paraná River: the LTER program in the Upper Paraná River floodplain and the monitoring of macrophytes in the Itaipu Reservoir. We show that long-term studies in Brazil have supported the implementation of strategies that benefit various dimensions of water security, positively impacting supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services. Finally, we discuss the incorporation of water security into Brazilian legislation. While Brazilian scientists and managers possess experience in both LTER and water security issues, ensuring the implementation and enhancement of the benefits through legislative measures and other instruments that prioritize most of the society, rather than catering solely to the most influential economic sectors is challenging.
Phospholipid Profiles in Mushrooms: A Review of Extraction, Analysis, and Functional Applications
Authors: Amen Yhiya , Othman Ahmed , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: November 2024

Mushrooms are widely recognized for their rich nutritional profile and diverse array of bioactive compounds, including proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites, which contribute to various health benefits. Among these compounds, phospholipids stand out due to their essential role in cellular processes and their potential applications in food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. This review comprehensively examines the phospholipid composition in mushrooms, highlighting the methods of analysis, and delving into their functional applications. By comparing lipid profiles across different stages of growth and between various species, this review highlights the significant role of phospholipids in mushroom cellular structure and function. The review also discusses the biosynthetic pathways and extraction methods employed for this class of compounds. By shedding light on this underexplored aspect of mushroom chemistry, this work aims to spur further research and innovation in the utilization of mushrooms in food science and medicine.
Appreciation of Black Humour Memes in the Context of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: A'Beckett Ludmilla
Published: November 2024

This study examines three black humour memes and their reception on social media during the 2022 Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. It seeks to identify the conditions that facilitate or impede the appreciation of jokes about the enemy’s death. Conceptual integration theory and Bandura’s social cognitive theory of moral agency provide the methodological framework for analysing the memes,  and  the  responses  to  them. The  findings  offer  an  explanatory  model  for  understanding when aggressive jokes are well-received or rejected. Successful humour transactions often involve humourists providing cues that encourage viewers to deactivate empathy towards the joke’s target. These cues may include euphemistic labelling, dehumanisation, or shared conventions about the consequences of the humour. Such triggers align with Bandura’s patterns of moral disengagement. The interaction between these triggers and the background knowledge of the audience can either lead to the appreciation of the humour or a conflict of values that results in the joke being dismissed. Humour is generally well-received when both the humourists and the audience agree on the need to undermine the power of the target and believe in the delivery of retribution for perceived wrongs. Conversely,  if  the  target  is  perceived  as  valiant  or  vulnerable,  the  humour  is  often  rejected  as offensive or in poor taste.
TB Media Preparation v1
Authors: Meister Christoph , Julia Silgoner Franziska , Krueger Tanja , F Jimenez-Soto Luisa
Published: November 2024

Terrific Broth (TB) as described by Tartoff, K.D. and Hobbs, C.A. (1987) is a nutritionally rich medium, with higher concentrations of peptone, yeast extract, and glycerol as a carbon source (Thermo Scientific | Terrific Broth). It supports high cell titers (Wood et al. 2017), and subsequent yields for plasmid DNA (Wood et al. 2017). While it has been referenced often we could not find the original Tartoff, K.D. and Hobbs, C.A. (1987) publication. What we present here has been passed down by oral tradition. We had sadly no access to the original publication. Here we describe the steps we take to prepare the two solutions, denoted here as solution 1 and 2. Each is prepared and autoclaved separately before being combined in a 1:10 ratio shortly before inoculation with bacteria and antibiotics. The first solution contains all nutritional components, while the second has buffer characteristics, probably allowing a constant pH during the growth of the bacteria.
INTERCEPT (INTERnational mediCal graduatE comPrehensive inducTion) programme Evaluation study - Evaluating a bespoke comprehensive induction with a focus on integration of International Medical Graduates Beginning Work in the UK v1
Authors: Roshelle Ramkisson Dr , Sharma Deepali , Thomas Hewson Dr , Nadeem Gire Dr , Pabla Ishrat , Kumar Dileep , Martin Steggall Professor , Parag Singhal Professor , Samir Shah Dr , Subodh Dave Professor , Allison Janet , Sira Mahalingappa Sridevi , Antigoni Ellisseou Dr
Published: November 2024

Introduction: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) play acritical role in the support and delivery of healthcare services in the UK.However, their integration into the healthcare system poses significantchallenges due to differences in clinical practices, educational methodologies,and cultural contexts. A comprehensive induction programme is crucial tofacilitate the smooth transition of IMGs into their new professionalenvironments. The following study outlines a multifaceted induction programmedesigned to address the clinical, educational, and pastoral needs of IMGs,aiming to enhance their competence, confidence, and overall wellbeing. Methods and analysis: This feasibility mixed methods study, as part ofwork package 1, will aim to recruit a total of n=58 participants in the evaluationof INTERCEPT (INTERnationalmediCal graduatE comPrehensive inducTion)programme for New to the UK IMGs. Theintervention, INTERCEPT Programme, will include both asynchronous andsynchronous online teaching, an individual wellbeing meeting and a one-dayin-person simulation training session. In the feasibility context the studywill be conducted across interconnected streams. The evaluation will be largelydescriptive involving a pre-post comparative analysis against the baselinemeasures, in-programme individual session evaluation and a longitudinalqualitative exploration of impact via semi-structured interviews, stakeholderviews and a log of resource utilisation. Work package 2 will include an evaluation ofclinical educator workshops called EQiT (Embedding Compassionate, Courageous, Cross-cultural Conversations intoTraining) Masterclasses for enabling educators in undertaking sensitive culturally awareconversations with their IMG trainees, based on existing work delivered topsychiatric supervisors. Analysis in both the work packageswill include descriptive statistics and framework analysis. Impact andDissemination: The dissemination plan aims to outreach to a wideaudience including healthcare professionals, policymakers, educators and theIMGs themselves. The study proposes to promote effective integration practicesfor IMGs through a comprehensive induction programme and influence policychanges to support the needs of IMGs. Keywords: International MedicalGraduates, induction programme, clinical training, educational orientation,pastoral support, cultural competency, medical supervisors, healthcareintegration, onboarding.
Pan-microbial metagenomics protocol v1.2 v2
Authors: Alcolea-Medina Adela , Blagdon Snell Luke , Alder Chris , Batra Rahul
Published: November 2024

Version 1.2 of the pan-microbial metagenomics protocol enhances the depletion of human DNA in clinical samples and improves the detection of microorganisms and resistance genes. The improvements include the double bead-beating step and the use of a more effective endonuclease enzyme. Magnesium is added to optimise the reaction, which is then halted with EDTA. Another key modification is the processing of BAL samples, which no longer undergo centrifugation prior to bead-beating. Please remember to cite the original manuscript: Alcolea-Medina et al. Unified metagenomic method for rapid detection of microorganisms in clinical samples. Commun Med (Lond). 2024 Jul 7;4(1):135. doi: 10.1038/s43856-024-00554-3. PMID: 38972920
Bilateral urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis
Authors: Gilivanova G. V. , Kipriyanov E. A. , Karnaukh P. A. , Ivakhno K. Yu. , Peretrukhin A. A. , Zolotykh M. A. , Beydzhanov M. T. , Rostovtsev D. M.
Published: November 2024

Urothelial carcinoma is the 4th most prevalent malignant tumor after prostate (or breast), lung and colorectal cancers. Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is quite rare and accounts for 5–10 % of all cases of this type of cancer. Tumors of the renal pelvis are 2 times more common than tumors of the ureter. A clinical case of a 69-year-old patient diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma of the left renal pelvis T2N0M1, stage IV and metastases into the bladder, right renal pelvis is presented. On 08.06.2023, the patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, ureteric orifice, nephroureterectomy on the left, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Between 07.2023 and 10.2023, the patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy according to the following scheme: gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously on the 1st and 8th days ++ carboplatin AUC 5 intravenously on the 1st day. Since 11.2023, the patient in receiving maintenance therapy with avelumab.
Decision support systems in the diagnosis of urological diseases
Authors: Vasilyev A. O. , Govorov A. V. , Arutyunyan P. A. , Kim Yu. А. , Sarukhanyan A. L. , Pushkar D. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The need to process large amounts of data has led to the creation of software that can improve and facilitate the work of medical staff. Decision support systems (DSS) are now used in many branches of medicine both at the outpatient and inpatient stages of medical care, helping clinicians to choose the tactics of treatment and management of each individual patient. These systems to a certain extent can improve treatment results and diagnostic process. The introduction of DSS in clinical practice has shown many advantages in reducing the frequency of misdiagnosis and, consequently, the risk of medical errors. At the same time, DSS can have a number of disadvantages. For example, physicians may view them as a threat to their “clinical autonomy”, and the implementation and subsequent maintenance of DSS can be quite costly. Artificial intelligence, which is increasingly being used not only for diagnosis, but also for treatment and prediction of outcomes in various diseases, should be considered as a prerequisite for the creation of DSS. Active development of artificial intelligence has been noted in almost all branches of medicine. A non-systematic review of the available literature published in the period between 2012 and 2022 has shown that the application of AI in prostate cancer diagnosis has great potential in clinical practice, as it helps both in the choice of treatment method and in planning the course of further surgery.
Metastasectomy in patients with multiple and oligometastases of renal cell carcinoma treated in general clinical practice
Authors: Semenov D. V. , Orlova R. V. , Shirokorad V. I. , Kostritskiy S. V. , Karlova N. A.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To determine the impact of metastasectomy on overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and to identify prognostic factors for this cytoreductive intervention.

Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the database of 226 patients who underwent metastasectomy at the Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 62 and the City Clinical Oncological Dispensary (Saint Petersburg) between 2006 and 2022. Solitary and single metastases were detected in 103 (45.6 %), and multiple metastases – in 123 (54.5 %) patients. In patients with solitary and single metastases synchronous and metachronous metastases were detected in 20 (19.4 %) and 83 (80.6 %) patients, with multiple metastases – in 51 (41.5 %) and 72 (58.5 %) patients respectively. Complete metastasectomy was performed in 70 (68 %) patients with solitary, single metastases and in 36 (29.3 %) patients with multiple metastases. Patients with solitary and single metastases after complete metastasectomy did not receive systemic therapy until tumor progression. Before the start of drug therapy metastasectomy was performed in 63 (61.2 %) patients with solitary and single metastases, in case of multiple metastases in 17 (13.8 %) patients. Patients’ survival rates were evaluated using the Survival Analysis mathematical and statistical method with calculation of descriptive characteristics in the form of a life table and construction of Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results. The univariate analysis in patients with multiple and oligometastases of renal cancer revealed that IMDC (International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium) prognosis, tumor differentiation degree per Fuhrman, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) status, complete metastasectomy and metastasectomy after the start of systemic therapy had negative impact on survival rates. Multivariate analysis in patients with oligometastases of renal cancer revealed that IMDC prognosis, type of metastases, brain metastases, complete metastasectomy and metastasectomy after the start of systemic therapy had negative impact on survival rates, while in patients with multiple RCC metastases only complete metastasectomy and metastasectomy after the start of systemic therapy had negative impact on survival rates.

Conclusion. Our data indicate that metastasectomy is an important component of multimodal treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. To better define the indications for this cytoreductive surgery, further studies are needed to identify additional prognostic factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients.
Comparison of the results of surgical treatment using various types of access in patients with prostate cancer: oncological, functional, and financial effectiveness
Authors: Nyushko K. M. , Perepukhov V. M. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Apolikhin O. I. , Kaprin A. D. , Sivkov A. V. , Koryakin A. V. , Aleshin V. P.
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer is a very important problem in modern urologic oncology. The reason for this is a steady increase of morbidity and mortality in Russia and worldwide. Surgical treatment and hormonal/radiation therapy combination are the golden standard of radical therapy in patients with local and locally advanced prostate cancer. Vast experience has been accumulated worldwide in radical prostatectomy using various types of access: open retropubic, perineal, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted. Many studies focused on finding advantages of using minimally invasive access for this surgery, but the results are quite contradictory.

The article presents a systematic review of literature data, evaluation of the effectiveness of each access in radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer.
Results of treatment of patients 75 years or older with non-metastatic prostate cancer in real clinical practice
Authors: Volkova M. I. , Al-Akel I. S. , Gridneva Ya. V. , Ryabinin R. I. , Pokataev I. A.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To evaluate the results of radical surgical treatment and radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer at age ≥75 years.

Materials and methods. The retrospective study included data from 151 patients ≥75 years with verified non-metastatic prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Median age was 81.0 (75.0–97.0) years. Median Charlson comorbidity index was 7 (4–12). Median baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 11.0 (1.8–172.0) ng/mL. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was verified (ISUP grade 4–5 – 30 (19.9 %)) in all patients. сТ category was сТ3–4 in 37 (24.5 %), cN1 category was diagnosed in 10 (6.6 %) patients. The groups of unfavorable intermediate, high and very high risk included 93 (61.6 %) patients. Radical treatmentwas performed in all cases: RP in 38 (25.2 %), EBRT in 113 (74.8 %) patients (109 (72.2 %) men completed EBRT). Adjuvant treatment was administered in 8 (21.1 %) patients who underwent surgery. In the EBRT group neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) was administered in 74 (65.5 %), adjuvant ADT in 79 (70.0 %) cases. Treatment groups were matched by the main characteristics (р >0.05 for all) excluding lower baseline PSA in the RP group (р = 0.013). Median follow-up was 46.2 (1.5–234.2) months for all patients.

Results. RP complications were registered in 3 (7.8 %), EBRT complications – in 7 (6.2 %) patients. No serious or lethal adverse event was observed. Recurrences were diagnosed in 9 (23.7 %) patients after surgery and in 26 (23.9 %) of 109 patients who completed EBRT. In the total study population, 4-year recurrence-free, cancer-specific, overall, and cardiac-specific survival rates were 74.5; 96.3; 91.2 and 90.8 %, respectively. The only factor significantly decreasing overall survival was Charlson comorbidity index ³8 (р = 0.05). Significant decrease of recurrence-free survival was observed in the surgery group compared to the EBRT group (р = 0.032). It did not translate into decreased cancerspecific and overall survival (р >0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in cardiac-specific survival between the groups (р = 0.626). Significant unfavorable prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival in the EBRT group included сN1 category (р = 0.045), very high risk (р = 0.049), and EBRT dose.

Conclusion. RP and EBRT in elderly patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer receiving treatment in real clinical practice have acceptable safety profile and provide effectiveness comparable to the historical data on patients not sampled by age. The optimal candidates for radical treatment are men with Charlson comorbidity index <8.
Side effects and complications of high dose-rate brachytherapy: literature review and our own observations
Authors: Shchukina E. O. , Biryukov V. A. , Karyakin O. B. , Ivanov S. А.
Published: November 2024

Background. Among malignant tumors in men in Russia, prostate cancer is the most common comprising 17 %. Despite the high effectiveness of radiotherapy for prostate cancer in about 20 % of patients, radiation damage of the pelvic organs develops affecting bladder, rectum, and intrapelvic cellular tissue.

Aim. To evaluate early and late complications of high dose-rate brachytherapy.

Materials and methods. Literature review was performed, and our own results of treatment of 276 patients using high dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy with different fractionation regimens: 19 Gy per 1 fraction and 15 Gy per 2 fractions were analyzed.

Results. High dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy is associated with low complication rate. There were no statistically significant differences between singleand two-fraction regimens. Evaluation of complication severity per the RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) classification did not show complication severity above grade III. Early complications were diagnosed in 1.1 %, late in 3.3 % of cases. Between the treatment and comparison groups, no statistically significant differences in the frequency of urinary system organ symptoms per the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) questionnaire were registered. Mean score per the IPSS prior to treatment was 4.0 (3.0–6.0) in the treatment group and 4.0 (3.0–8.5) in the comparison group. Mean follow-up duration in the treatment group was 65.0 (60.0–70.0) months, in the comparison group – 55.0 (49.5–65.0) months. After the treatment, mean IPSS score was 5.0 (4.0–5.0) in the treatment group and 5.0 (3.0–7.0) in the comparison group.

Conclusion. High dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy and in combination with external beam therapy is a safe and effective treatment method in prostate cancer. Serious and late complications are rare, however toxic effects of severity grades I or II can develop. Careful patient selection for brachytherapy, therapy planning methods, as well as active management of early and late toxicity by a multidisciplinary team with knowledge and experience in treatment of side effects of radiotherapy can help optimize treatment with high dose-rate brachytherapy.