bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Mechanical Bowel Preparation before Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Yoon Hyonjee , Park Jung Hyun , Mun Jisu , Yoon Youngjae , Lee Jin-Ju , Ko Minji , Cho Hyun-Hee , Namkung Jeong
Published: August 2024

Objective: The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of bowel preparation using only oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte (PEG) solution versus oral PEG solution combined with mechanical sodium phosphate (NaP) enema on the surgical field visualization in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic procedures. Methods: Participants were randomized to either a single oral PEG solution or an oral PEG solution combined by mechanical NaP enema. The intraoperative visualization of the surgical field, the ease of manipulation of the bowels, and overall difficulty level of the surgery were evaluated by the surgeon using a self-administered questionnaire. After the surgery, the patients completed a survey assessing postoperative gastrointestinal discomfort. Results: A total of 114 women were enrolled and randomized to oral PEG solution-only group (n = 48), and oral PEG plus mechanical NaP enema group (n = 66). Forty-two women in oral PEG-only group and 59 oral PEG plus NaP enema group completed the study. There was no difference in intraoperative visualization or overall difficulty of the operation between the two groups, and bowel manipulation was easier in the oral PEG-only group. Also, there was no difference in operating time between the groups. The patients’ level of gastrointestinal discomfort after the surgery was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Routine use of mechanical NaP enema before robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery is not recommended, because it has no additional benefit regarding intraoperative visualization or the surgical level of difficulty over oral bowel preparation methods.
A short-term impact of enriched CO2 [eCO2] on select growth performance of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its host plant Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Shahenda A.A. Abu ElEla , ElSayed Wael M.
Published: August 2024

Natural interactions between herbivorous insect pests and their host plants are expected to be altered significantly as atmospheric CO2 concentrations (aCO2) continue to rise according to climate change scenario. The possible effect of enriched CO2 (eCO2) environments on these interactions is under attention. To better understand such effects on select insect growth parameters; early (3rd) and penultimate (6th) instar larvae of the Cotton Leaf Worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), reared on the cotton plant leaves Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvacae) grown under either ambient (aCO2 = 350 ppm) or enriched (eCO2 = 700 ppm) atmospheres were investigated.
Inhalable Stem Cell Exosomes Promote Heart Repair After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Junlang , Sun Shenghuan , Zhu Dashuai , Mei Xuan , Lyu Yongbo , Huang Ke , Li Yuan , Liu Shuo , Wang Zhenzhen , Hu Shiqi , Lutz Halle J. , Popowski Kristen D. , Dinh Phuong-Uyen C. , Butte Atul J. , Cheng Ke
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Exosome therapy shows potential for cardiac repair after injury. However, intrinsic challenges such as short half-life and lack of clear targets hinder the clinical feasibility. Here, we report a noninvasive and repeatable method for exosome delivery through inhalation after myocardial infarction (MI), which we called stem cell–derived exosome nebulization therapy (SCENT).

METHODS:

Stem cell–derived exosomes were characterized for size distribution and surface markers. C57BL/6 mice with MI model received exosome inhalation treatment through a nebulizer for 7 consecutive days. Echocardiographies were performed to monitor cardiac function after SCENT, and histological analysis helped with the investigation of myocardial repair. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the whole heart was performed to explore the mechanism of action by SCENT. Last, the feasibility, efficacy, and general safety of SCENT were demonstrated in a swine model of MI, facilitated by 3-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS:

Recruitment of exosomes to the ischemic heart after SCENT was detected by ex vivo IVIS imaging and fluorescence microscopy. In a mouse model of MI, SCENT ameliorated cardiac repair by improving left ventricular function, reducing fibrotic tissue, and promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistic studies using single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse heart after SCENT revealed a downregulation of
Cd36
in endothelial cells (ECs). In an EC-
Cd36
fl/−
conditional knockout mouse model, the inhibition of CD36, a fatty acid transporter in ECs, led to a compensatory increase in glucose utilization in the heart and higher ATP generation, which enhanced cardiac contractility. In pigs, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhanced ejection fraction (Δ=11.66±5.12%) and fractional shortening (Δ=5.72±2.29%) at day 28 after MI by SCENT treatment compared with controls, along with reduced infarct size and thickened ventricular wall.

CONCLUSIONS:

In both rodent and swine models, our data proved the feasibility, efficacy, and general safety of SCENT treatment against acute MI injury, laying the groundwork for clinical investigation. Moreover, the EC-
Cd36
fl/−
mouse model provides the first in vivo evidence showing that conditional EC-CD36 knockout can ameliorate cardiac injury. Our study introduces a noninvasive treatment option for heart disease and identifies new potential therapeutic targets.
Physicians and the Production of Health: Returns to Health Care during the Mortality Transition
Authors: Liebert Helge , Mäder Beatrice
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the returns to health care provision during the mortality transition. We construct a new panel data set covering German municipalities from 1928 to 1936. The endogeneity of health care supply is addressed by using the expulsion of Jewish physicians from statutory health insurance as exogenous variation in regional physician supply. Increases in the supply of physicians reduce infant mortality and mortality from common childhood diseases. Using a semiparametric control function approach, we find diminishing marginal returns to health care provision. The results are consistent with historical trends in infant mortality over the 20th century.
Time Use and Macroeconomic Uncertainty
Authors: Cacciatore Matteo , Gnocchi Stefano , Hauser Daniela
Published: August 2024

We study the effects of uncertainty on time use and their macroeconomic implications. Employing data from the American Time Use Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we document that heightened uncertainty increases housework and reduces market hours, mildly impacting leisure. We then propose a model that quantitatively accounts for these estimates. We show that substitution between market and housework provides self-insurance to households, weakening precautionary motives. However, it also reduces aggregate demand, ultimately amplifying uncertainty's recessionary impact. Time reallocation can lead to higher inflation, particularly when uncertainty is coupled with policies redirecting time use towards housework (e.g., lockdown restrictions).
Colubrina limae (Rhamnaceae), a new species from seasonally dry tropical forests of Brazil
Authors: FIGUEIRA MAURÍCIO , SCHINDLER BIANCA , DE V. BARBOSA MARIA REGINA , GIULIETTI ANA MARIA , SIMON MARCELO FRAGOMENI
Published: August 2024

Colubrina limae (Rhamnaceae, Ziziphoid group, subgen. Colubrina, sect. Cowania) is described and illustrated as a new species. We provide information on its geographical distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status. A table with key morphological characters comparing C. limae with all Brazilian species of Colubrina and one similar species in section Cowania is provided. C. limae differs remarkably from its congeners by the presence of stipitate glands on the abaxial side of leaves, brochidodromous venation, inflorescences in fascicles, and longer (>25 mm) fruit pedicels. It does have some morphological similarities with C. elliptica, a species from Central and northern South America. The new species is found mainly in the understory of seasonally dry forests associated with limestone outcrops; only two populations are recorded in the municipality of Januária in Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
Taxonomic and Nomenclatural notes on Biophytum madurense, B. intermedium and B. intermedium var. pulneyense (Oxalidaceae) from South India
Authors: DANIEL JISHA , KUMAR ETTICKAL SUKUMARAN SANTHOSH , RAJENDRAPRASAD MADHAVAN , DECRUSE SABARIMUTHAN WILLIAM
Published: August 2024

While revising the family Oxalidaceae for the Western Ghats (SW India), missing typification and nomenclatural issues about several species of Biophytum were noticed. In this contribution, Biophytum intermedium var. pulneyense is reduced to a synonym of B. madurense and neotypes for the names B. madurense and B. intermedium are designated. A brief description, photographs, and taxonomic note on these species are provided to facilitate their identification.
Understanding and Explaining Recent Changes in Income, Consumption and Poverty Among Agricultural Households Across Major States of India
Authors: Sharma H. R. , Malik Shakir Hussain , Bhatia Archi
Published: August 2024

The study, using unit level data from two nationally representative surveys, examines changes in levels and sources of household income, consumption expenditure, incidence of poverty and determinants of household income and poverty among agricultural households. The study shows that across most of the states, there has been a significant decrease in the per cent share of income from cultivation coupled with an equally significant increase in the share of income from wages and salary; average annual household income of such households is higher than their average annual consumption expenditure and there has been a significant decrease in the incidence of poverty among them. The results of regression analysis show that household size, head of the household being male, literacy, farm size, income from cultivation, awareness of minimum support price (MSP), access to technical training, engagement in non-farm business and engagement in wages and salary have significant positive effect on households income and lower the probability of a household being poor across major states.

JEL Codes: Q1, C1, C2, D1, R2
The Importance of Cybersecurity and Protecting of Digital Assets and Understanding the Role of Cybersecurity Laws in Safeguarding Digital Assets
Authors: Amin Mubashir
Published: August 2024

In the technologically advanced landscape, companies increasingly leverage cutting-edge technology to enhance operations. However, this progression also amplifies the risk of cyberthreats. Cybersecurity emerges as a pivotal element for safeguarding digital assets, encompassing networks, financial data, intellectual property (IP) and personal information. This note underscores the significance of shielding digital assets from cyberassaults, providing actionable guidance for individuals and businesses. Cybersecurity regulations play a vital role, establishing protective frameworks for sensitive data, IP and critical infrastructure. Compliance with these standards bolsters confidence, national security and global cooperation, elevating cybersecurity consciousness. Amid our digitally driven culture, prioritising cybersecurity ensures the safety and efficiency of digital assets. Implementing robust protocols fortifies individuals and organisations against online threats, facilitating secure navigation of the digital realm while upholding data integrity.
Democratization, Local Government and Political Parties during the Allied Occupation of Southern Italy after 1943
Authors: Laffin Stefan
Published: August 2024

The article seeks to cast doubt on the prevailing notion that regards the Allied occupation of (Southern) Italy as a harbinger of democracy by examining it from a local, decidedly bottom-up analytical perspective. I argue that the Allies disfavored the formation of political parties and the expression of political thought, even though ‘you can't have a democracy without political parties’, as the Italian-American Charles Poletti, one of the principal American civil affairs officers (CAO) organizing the occupation on-site, phrased it. This was particularly true during the first phase of the occupation, when military priorities reigned supreme. However, even at a later point, after the CAOs had theoretically assumed the role of an external supervising authority, a deep distrust of the country's political parties informed much of the Allies’ attitudes. Rather than serving as a foundational layer for democracy, the Allies perceived the country's political parties as a threat to democratization insofar as these were believed to obstruct the former's political and economic agendas. Such antagonisms between occupier and occupied, of course, especially applied to Italy's largest and most well-organized party during the period of the Allied occupation – the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI).
Autophagy Regulates Age-Related Jawbone Loss via LepR+ Stromal Cells
Authors: Sun B. , Xu Y. , Wang H. , Wang F. , Li Q. , Chen Y. , Wang Z.
Published: August 2024

Bone aging and decreased autophagic activity are related but poorly explored in the jawbone. This study aimed to characterize the aging jawbones and jawbone-derived stromal cells (JBSCs) and determine the role of autophagy in jawbone mass decline. We observed that the jawbones of older individuals and mice exhibited similar age-related bone loss. Furthermore, leptin receptor (LepR)–lineage cells served as the primary source for in vitro cultured and expanded JBSCs, referred to as LepR-Cre+/JBSCs. RNA-sequencing data from the jawbones and LepR-Cre+/JBSCs showed the upregulated expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway during aging. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a decrease in the proportion of osteogenic lineage cells and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in LepR-lineage cells in aging bone tissues. Reduced basal autophagic activity, diminished autophagic flux, and decreased osteogenesis occurred in the jawbones and LepR-Cre+/JBSCs from older mice (O-mice; O-JBSCs). Pharmacologic and constitutive autophagy activation alleviated the impaired osteogenesis in O-JBSCs. In addition, the suppression of mTOR-induced autophagy improved the aging phenotype of O-JBSCs. The activation of autophagy in LepR-Cre+/JBSCs using chemical autophagic activators reduced the alveolar bone resorption in O-mice. Therefore, our study demonstrated that ATG molecules and pathways are crucial in jawbone aging, providing novel approaches to understanding age-related jawbone loss.
The woman who named God: encountering Hagar in a mental health facility
Authors: Beresford Anna
Published: August 2024

Set within the biblical narrative of Sarah and Abraham is the figure of Hagar – Sarah’s slave. The significance of Hagar is often overlooked. This article re-examines her story and identifies her own matriarchal status as an intelligent and resourceful woman of faith. Noting that God and Hagar knew each other by name, the author (an experienced hospital chaplain) demonstrates how Hagar’s experience can help both clinicians and patients in a mental health environment. Hagar is a model of transcendence – living above the circumstances that hinder our abilities to flourish.
Letting ‘soft vengeance’ in when harm is ‘unforgivable’: on reading Stephen Cherry
Authors: Davis Francis
Published: August 2024

This article draws on research in Bosnia and Rwanda and my own lived experience of ecclesiastical abuse. It reflects on, and develops, Stephen Cherry’s argument that some harms are Unforgivable (2024), and that the modern Christian Church has got ‘forgiveness’ wrong. Contra Cherry, though, it suggests that because comparatively little work has been undertaken on the contemporary spirituality of forgiveness, we have missed the potential healing power of ‘vengeance’ – but a particular kind of vengeance, as a Christian strategy to protect the future dignity, agency and flourishing of survivors of severe abuse and trauma.
Sex- and Age-Specific Associations Between Metabolic Syndrome and Future Functional Disability in the Japanese Older Population
Authors: Takahashi Naomi , Tsubota-Utsugi Megumi , Takahashi Shuko , Yonekura Yuki , Ohsawa Masaki , Kuribayashi Toru , Onoda Toshiyuki , Takanashi Nobuyuki , Sakata Kiyomi , Yamada Takehiko , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Omama Shinichi , Tanaka Fumitaka , Asahi Koichi , Ishigaki Yasushi , Itabashi Ryo , Itamochi Hiroaki , Takahashi Fumiaki , Okayama Akira , Tanno Kozo
Published: August 2024

Whether the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and functional disability differs depending on sex or age remains unknown. To determine the association between MetS and functional disability in older people separately by sex and age groups. A total of 11 083 participants (4407 men and 6676 women) aged 65 years or over without functional disability were enrolled. MetS was defined according to the revised NCEP ATP III guidelines. Functional disability was defined by a new certification in the long-term care insurance in Japan. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of functional disability with adjustment for possible confounding factors. Over the mean observation period of 10.5 years, 1282 men and 2162 women experienced functional disability. For those aged 65 to 74 years, HRs (95% CIs) for functional disability in the MetS group were 1.33 (1.07-1.66) in men and 1.15 (1.000-1.32) in women. For those aged 75 years or older, there was no significant association in men or women. In subjects with a severe care need level, there was a marginal significant association in men aged 65 to 74 years. Among the MetS components that independently increased the risk of functional disability were glucose intolerance and elevated blood pressure (men and women aged 65-74 years), obesity (women aged 65-74 years), and glucose intolerance (women aged 75 years or older). MetS contributed to an increase in a high risk of future functional disability among individuals aged 65 to 74 years. In this age group, improvement of lifestyle, health promotion and interventions for MetS from middle age may prevent future functional disability.
California dreaming: Tech media giants and the re-conception of property, commodities and tax
Authors: Graham Ciara , Silke Henry
Published: August 2024

Tech media giants are no strangers to controversy in relation to the payment of corporate tax, such as the cases of Apple and Facebook (Meta) in Ireland, Alphabet (Google) in the UK and Amazon in Luxembourg. While the tech media giants are not the only global corporations that take advantage of international tax avoidance opportunities, this paper argues that their hypermobility and unprecedented cash assets place them especially well to take advantage of these practices. Moreover, the nature of some of the commodities, such as information, software or intellectual property that can be moved at the touch of a button; or even a simple re-conception of where the property resides can mean a state gaining or losing billions of dollars. This paper will explore how tech media giants are redefining property and commodity forms and how this allows for creative tax policies. Moreover, the conception of where immaterial commodities, such as pure information, is located (or not located) challenges tax collection strategies for the state. To explore these conceptions, this paper discusses the ideology surrounding the tech media industry, a particular brand of liberalism coined the ‘Californian Ideology’: An ideology that can sometimes be described as transgressive, but also one that may legitimise tax avoidance. The ideology gives a somewhat nebulous definition of what property is (and isn’t) and its location or non-location, thereby negating justification for taxation.
Analysis of unsteady wake flow in centrifugal pump volute by using mode decomposition method
Authors: Chen Xuebing , Zhang Renhui , Guo Guangqiang , Yang Junhu , Zheng Zhi
Published: August 2024

To analyze the coherent structure of wake flow in volute and its corresponding frequency information, dynamic modal decomposition (DMD), classic and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD), were employed to decompose the transient flow field of the centrifugal pump volute. The snapshot set was constructed by means of the velocity field data at different moments in volute based on the large eddy simulation (LES) approach. The basic principles of the DMD, POD, and SPOD methods were compared in detail, and the decomposition results of the three methods on the wake flow structure in volute were compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that DMD can decompose the wake flow into coherent structures with different frequencies, including the basic steady-state structure, the dynamic modal flow field structure characterizing rotor–stator interaction (the first three modes with frequencies of 145.81, 291.61, and 437.43 Hz, respectively), and dissipative modal flow field structure characterizing fragmentized vortex (the fourth mode with a frequency of 486.03 Hz) in the volute. The POD can decompose the wake flow into flow structures with different energy levels. The first four modal energies account for more than 66% of total energy, which represents the large-scale structure with higher energy, and its dominant frequencies correspond to the blade passing frequency (145 Hz) and its frequency multiplication (290 Hz). The SPOD can not only decompose the complex wake flow into structural features of different energy levels but also has single-frequency characteristics of its modal structures. Compared with DMD and POD methods, the SPOD has the advantages of both, and can reflect the evolution characteristics of the wake flow in the volute.
Entropy optimization in ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated bidirectional stretching sheet with Lorentz forces and viscous dissipation: A Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Narayana Naik Rajavath , Suneetha S , Srinivasa Babu KS , Jayachandra Babu M
Published: August 2024

Bidirectional stretching sheet models can represent surfaces in heat exchangers where fluids flow under continuous deformation. Ternary hybrid nanofluids could be employed in these systems to increase heat transfer rates between fluids in heat exchangers and improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes. In this work, we explore the novel application of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (water with titanium dioxide, cobalt ferrite, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles) for enhanced heat transfer in heat exchangers modeled by a bidirectional stretching sheet. This approach offers a potential advancement over traditional nanofluids (with one or two nanoparticles). Furthermore, we present a comprehensive analysis that incorporates ohmic heating, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and irreversibility. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using the bvp4c solver, a MATLAB built-in function. This study's findings reveal that the Eckert number and radiation parameter increase fluid temperature, while the thermal relaxation parameter leads to a reduction in the temperature of the fluid. It is detected that an increase in magnetic field parameter and volume fraction of [Formula: see text] results in a decline of the skin friction factors in both directions. It is revealed that there is a reduction in the Nusselt number with the rise in Eckert number ([Formula: see text]), and the same number declines at a rate of 0.8252 when [Formula: see text]. It is noticed that the skin friction coefficient declines at a rate of 0.62179204 (in case of x-direction) and 0.621791816 (in case of y-direction), respectively, when the values of magnetic field parameter lie between 0 and 3.5. Furthermore, it is noticed that an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter results in a fall in the temperature of the fluid.
Traffic noise pollution assessment along the major roads of Kurukshetra city, India
Authors: Bhardwaj Prateek , Deswal Surinder
Published: August 2024

In this study, A-weighted noise levels were recorded for the entire day (24 h) at each site along the major urban roads of Kurukshetra city in India. The traffic flow (volume and composition) was also recorded simultaneously. Thereafter, the relevant noise and traffic descriptors were computed to assess the traffic noise pollution. The equivalent 2-hourly traffic noise levels, [Formula: see text], exhibited a somewhat cyclic pattern having noise crests and troughs over the 24 h in the case of all the four studied urban roads, thus identifying the peak and lean noise hours. The equivalent day time noise levels ([Formula: see text]) and night time noise levels ([Formula: see text]) were in the range of 68.06 – 80.73 dB(A) and 44.12 – 70.91 dB(A) respectively, exceeding the permissible levels as per Indian standards and WHO guidelines at all sites, except [Formula: see text] at two sites. The day-night average noise levels with 24-h’ base time, [Formula: see text], was above WHO limits of 70 dB(A) barring five sites. The proposed relationship between [Formula: see text] and passenger car unit (PCU) per hour has the potential application in estimating noise levels from traffic flow data with a high coefficient of determination of 0.8774. The noise climate ([Formula: see text]) and traffic noise index ([Formula: see text]) varied from 21.62 to 46.01 dB(A) and 116.16 – 187.53 respectively.
Techno-digital policing: Time, temporalities, timescapes
Authors: Campbell Elaine
Published: August 2024

This paper is about policing and time. Time matters, especially when strategic investments in technological and digital innovations prioritise and valorise the speed and instantaneity of real-time automation. Techno-digital policing recalibrates the temporal dynamics of everyday policework, and opens up an interesting conceptual space at the intersections of criminological research, policing studies, and the sociology of time. How should we account for time in our theorisations of policing and securitisation; how do we understand time – as schedule, cycle, chronology, speed, dis/continuity, or a succession of moments; how far, and in what ways, does a temporal analytic advance our understanding of techno-digital policing? To respond to these questions, the paper makes use of Barbara Adam's timescapes perspective to critically explore the multi-dimensional and intersecting contours of time which permeate the techno-digital policing environment.
The last days of Daniel Webster: A detailed analysis of his cause of death
Authors: Pappas Theodore N , Swanson Sven
Published: August 2024

Daniel Webster (1782–1852) was one of the most impactful United States political figures of the early and mid-nineteenth century. He served in Congress and as the Secretary of State for three Presidents. He died in October of 1852 and his autopsy appeared in the medical literature. Historians have reported that his cause of death was either related to a traumatic head injury he sustained in May of 1852 or from complications of alcoholic cirrhosis. In this manuscript, we will review Webster's medical history and autopsy to determine his cause of death.
Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Lipid-lowering Effects of Rivea hypocrateriformis Desr. Leaf Extracts on HepG2 Cells: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bai Helen Sheeba Devadhasan Aspathi , Rethnaswamy Gandhimathi
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes, are associated with hyperlipidemia, characterized by high blood lipid levels. HepG2 cells, a human liver cancer cell line, have become a popular model for evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in treating hyperlipidemia. These cells are preferred due to their ability to mimic liver cell physiology and easy maintenance in culture.

Materials and Methods

In this study, HEP, HEC, HEA, and HEE extracts of Rivea hypocrateriformis were tested on HepG2 cells for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. The IC50 values of the extracts were determined and compared to analyze their toxicity. Microscopic images of the cell lines were also examined to observe any structural changes induced by the extracts.

Results and Conclusion

The results showed that both HEC and HEE extracts exhibited significant toxicity on HepG2 cells at the highest concentration of 500 µg/ml. Gradual decreases in concentration led to a gradual rise in % cell viability. The IC50 values of HEC and HEE were calculated to be 61.49 µg/ml and 87.08 µg/ml, respectively, indicating that HEC was slightly more toxic than HEE. According to the results obtained using the vanilla method, HEC and HEE extracts markedly reduced lipid content compared to the oleic acid-induced group. The gene expression regulation of AMPK, FAS, LDL receptor, and HMG-CoA was investigated using the RT-PCR method. The results showed that the extract-treated groups exhibited higher AMPK and LDL receptor gene expression. In contrast, the HEE extract showed higher activity than HEC in suppressing the FAS gene. Overall, the findings suggest that HEC and HEE extracts have potential as anticancer and lipid-lowering agents. Detailed research is needed to understand how the active constituents work.
Family inclusion in child protection: Law, courts and balancing risks
Authors: Ross Nicola , Foote Wendy , Davies Kate
Published: August 2024

Australian child protection systems are being challenged to find more effective ways of responding to the needs of children and families. This article describes legal processes that govern children’s removal from their families and queries whether we are doing enough to prioritise children’s relationships with their families. The court’s capacity to review the decisions of state welfare authorities and evaluate risks of children being removed is considered with reference to research with stakeholders and a recent case in the NSW Children’s Court. The authors argue that reforms which emphasise family inclusion and address power differentials could provide better outcomes for children.
Challenges to Integrating Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems in Emergency Medical Service Ambulances for Stroke Care
Authors: Kolangarakath Arvind , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Hegde Sudeep , Agrawal Shubham , Holmstedt Christine , LeBlanc Dustin , Harvey Jillian , Spampinato Maria , McGeorge Todd , Roberts Donna
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study explores the barriers to incorporating portable MRI devices in ambulances, enabling effective patient triage and potentially reducing time to thrombolytic treatment for stroke. Using a digital twin of the patient handling process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 paramedics and 7 neurologists from an emergency medical services system and a tertiary stroke care center. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts, guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety framework, revealed key barriers: the need for specialized MRI operation skills, complex patient handling procedures, limited space, and the necessity for training and policy development. The study proposes solutions to address these challenges, aiming to facilitate the implementation of ambulance-based MRI systems for expedited stroke care. The findings contribute to understanding the factors influencing the adoption of advanced imaging technology in pre-hospital settings, ultimately improving patient outcomes by minimizing delays in stroke treatment.
Robotic Arm Perception: An Eyetracking Study Exploring Causal Relations and Perceived Trust
Authors: Merwin Elizabeth R. , Hammack Jacqueline , Wilcox Teresa
Published: August 2024

With the increased integration of robots into industrial, service, and educational spaces, it is imperative to understand factors that influence human-robot interactions. While the existing literature has explored human perception of robot-produced verbal communication, there is a notable gap in understanding how adults process robot-produced nonverbal communication. Current research focuses on subjective measures of the individual’s perception of robots during interactions, but often fails to have objective measures or control groups in their designs which limits the conclusions that can be made. In this study, we aim to implement a design that allows for the comparison of robot and human nonverbal communication understanding and perceiving through both objective eye-tracking measures and subjective survey measures. This design should prove useful to gain insights into how people understand information provided by robots and humans when watching their nonverbal gestures, and their perceptions of the agents after their interactions.
Examining the Effectiveness of Speech and Earcon Alerts for Aiding Phishing Email Detection
Authors: Zhang Yining “Elena” , Berger Lila , Chen Jing
Published: August 2024

As technology advances, phishing attacks grow more vicious. Anti-phishing research has primarily focused on visual cues like domain names and contents, leaving visually impaired individuals particularly vulnerable. Recent studies suggest incorporating auditory alerts to enhance the detection of phishing threats. As a first step toward designing more inclusive phishing alerts, the current study examines the effectiveness of two types of audio alerts on individuals with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Participants were randomly assigned to three alert conditions: control, earcon, and speech alert. Each participant went through 20 emails to indicate whether each email was legitimate. The results showed that participants in the two alert groups spent less time on each email than the control. Additionally, participants in the earcon condition showed a greater tendency to classify emails as phishing than those in the control condition. These results can inform the future development of auditory alerts for phishing.
Efficacy and safety of Adrenaline-augmented subconjunctival anesthesia in phacoemulsification: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bandopadhyay Sandepan , Sinha Deependra Kumar , Sharma Vijay K , Rao Bhavaraj Veerabhadhra , Sharma Neeraj , Rana Vipin
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives

Cataract surgery, particularly phacoemulsification, has evolved significantly, benefiting millions worldwide. The choice of anesthesia technique impacts patient comfort and procedural efficacy. Subconjunctival anesthesia has emerged as an attractive alternative due to its potential to provide effective pain relief and surgeon comfort during surgery. A different aspect of this study is the inclusion of 1:100,000 adrenaline in 2% lignocaine for subconjunctival anesthesia, which has not been previously studied.

Subjects/Methods

A prospective, randomised, comparative study involving 196 eyes evaluated the safety and efficacy of subconjunctival anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery. Pain scores during surgery and one hour post-surgery, surgeon discomfort, postoperative corneal clarity, complications, and additional anesthesia requirement were assessed. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-squared tests, and correlations.

Results

Subconjunctival anesthesia significantly lowered pain scores during surgery ( p < 0.001) and one hour post-surgery ( p < 0.001) compared to topical anesthesia. Surgeon discomfort was notably reduced with subconjunctival anesthesia ( p < 0.001). Subconjunctival hemorrhage ( p = 0.012) and redness ( p = 0.024) were more prevalent postoperatively. No significant difference was observed in intraoperative complications ( p = 0.573) or postoperative corneal clarity ( p = 0.347).

Conclusion

Subconjunctival anesthesia, with the inclusion of 1:100,000 adrenaline in 2% lignocaine, provides effective pain relief and reduces surgeon discomfort during phacoemulsification surgery. The addition of adrenaline extends anesthesia duration. While immediate postoperative effects exist, subconjunctival anesthesia holds promise for enhanced patient comfort and procedural efficiency. Further research is needed to validate its long-term benefits and broader implications in evolving ophthalmic surgical practices.
Extended crack propagation in nitrided and carburised steels subject to rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Lecouffe A , Kleber X , Ville F , Cavoret J , Zamponi L , Ruellan A
Published: August 2024

To predict the Rolling Contact Fatigue life of components such as rolling element bearings, it is important to understand the failure mechanisms. A rather unusual failure was observed on integrated races into a planetary gear train. The failure of the planet of this gearbox was attributed to the very long propagation, at an unusual depth, of a crack, which probably started at the surface. The present preliminary study aims to gain a better understanding of the factors that can lead to this type of failure. Firstly, a twin-disc machine is used to reproduce the contact conditions identified in the application. A second set of more severe conditions is also tested. A comparison is made between a carburised steel (16NiCrMo13) and a nitrided one (32CrMoV13). Two distinct crack patterns and spalling characteristics between the two materials are observed. Some unusual crack characteristics are observed in the carburised sample for a specific set of contact conditions.
Italian urban tourism predictions using the holiday Climate Index
Authors: Mazzarano Matteo , Galluccio Giulia , Borghesi Simone
Published: August 2024

The tourism sector is a source of sustenance for local communities, a driver of fiscal revenues and a way to connect local sites to international guests. Its dependence on climate change exposes it to chronic risks such as slowly varying climate patterns. In this paper, we predicted tourism intensity (as the number of beds per square kilometres) according to three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) at the municipal level in Italy: 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. We first estimated a statistical model of tourism intensity using the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and other drivers. Then, we used the prediction of beds per Km2 to infer changes between 2004 and 2050 according to each RCP scenario of the HCI. We find complex heterogeneous patterns in exposure and a moderate positive effect in the RCP2.6 scenario. However, delayed (RCP4.5) or no climate policy at all (RCP8.5) scenarios present dire consequences for the tourism sector.
Designing complex network visualisations using the wayfinding map metaphor
Authors: Cerioli Nicola , Vyas Rupesh , Reeve Mary Pat , Masoodian Masood
Published: August 2024

Despite their widespread use, network visualisations can be rather challenging to design and use. This is due to the fact that such visualisations are generally used to represent highly complex underlying data sets. As such, the resulting charts often include a very large number of visual elements and many non-linear relations between them that must be displayed. More effective design-oriented approaches are therefore needed to better support designers in creating network visualisations for complex data sets that are more understandable and usable for their users. The use of visual metaphors seems to offer such an approach to designing visualisations of complex data. In this article, we propose the use of wayfinding map metaphor in network diagrams to support both the designers and users of this type of data visualisation. We also provide a mapping of the three common map wayfinding tasks – orientation, exploration, and navigation – to three categories of network diagram user interactions. To demonstrate the potential of our proposed approach, we provide an example case study using a prototype network diagram visualisation tool – Colocalisation Network Explorer – which we have developed to support the exploration of relationships between various diseases and the portion of the human genome involved in their onset.
Clinically important changes and adverse events with centre-based or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bondarenko Janet , Dal Corso Simone , Dillon Michael P , Singh Sally , Miller Belinda R , Kein Caroline , Holland Anne E , Jones Arwel W
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To determine the proportion of people who achieve minimal clinically important differences (MCID) with centre-based or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation and to synthesise data on adverse events.

Methods: Cochrane reviews and electronic databases were searched to identify randomised trials comparing centre-based to home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, or either model to usual care, in people with chronic respiratory disease. Primary outcomes were the proportion of participants achieving MCIDs in exercise capacity and disease-specific quality of life. Secondary outcomes were symptoms and adverse events. Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 and GRADE were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence respectively.

Results: Forty-nine trials were eligible. Compared to usual care, a higher proportion of pulmonary rehabilitation participants achieved the MCID for exercise capacity (6MWT: 47% vs 20%, p = 0.11), dyspnoea (43% vs 29%, p = 0.0001), fatigue (48% vs 27%, p = 0.0002) and emotional function (37% vs 25%, p = 0.02), with all of these between group differences statistically significant except for exercise capacity. There were no differences between centre-based and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in the proportion of participants who achieved MCIDs (34%- 58% across studies). Ninety percent of trials reported no adverse events. Certainty of evidence was low-to- moderate with all outcomes except for CRQ-mastery (centre-based vs home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, or pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in COPD), ESWT (pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in COPD) and 6MWT (pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care in bronchiectasis) where evidence was very uncertain.

Discussion: Clinically meaningful outcomes are achieved by similar proportions of participants in centre-based and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, with few adverse events. Reporting of trial outcomes according to MCIDs is necessary for informed decision making regarding pulmonary rehabilitation models.
The Enzen Trial: Analysis of EVAR Endoprosthesis Zenith and Endurant for Infrarenal Aortoiliac Aneurysms Regarding Outcomes, Endoleaks, and Reinterventions
Authors: de Athayde Soares Rafael , Portela Matheus Veras Viana , Amaro Kaline , Nasser Ana Izabel , Pedrosa Keityane de Lima , Sacilotto Roberto
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the outcomes regarding endoleaks, reinterventions, and death related to aneurysm complications in patients submitted to endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAA) using Endurant II (Medtronic) and Zenith Flex (Cook) endografts.

Methods:

This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR between January 2019 and December 2022. Two groups of patients were evaluated: Group Endurant (patients submitted to EVAR with the use of Endurant II) and Group Zenith (patients submitted to EVAR with the use of Zenith Flex).

Results:

A total of 156 patients were evaluated. Group Zenith (67 patients, 42.9%) and Group Endurant (89 patients, 57.1%). The perioperative mortality was 5.1%, eight patients (six patients Group Zenith, and two patients Group Endurant, p=0.054). There were 28 patients (17.9%) submitted to urgent repair of the aneurysm (expansion or rupture), with no differences among the groups. There were 36 cases (23.1%) of later endoleak, with a higher incidence in Zenith group (23 patients, 34.3%) than Endurant group (13 patients, 14.6%, p=0.002), most of them Type II endoleak (21 patients, 13.4%). There were 12 cases of Type I endoleak, also with a higher prevalence in Zenith group (13.4%) than Endurant group (3.4%, p=0.002). Moreover, regarding limb graft occlusion (LGO), there were nine patients (5.8%), with a higher prevalence in Zenith group (9%) than Endurant group (3.4%, p=0.045). The overall survival in a Kaplan–Meier at 720 days was 82.3% in the Zenith group and 89.1% in the Endurant group, with no statistical significance among the groups (p=0.09). The freedom from reintervention rates in a Kaplan–Meier at 720 days was 82.8% in the Zenith group and 93.2% in the Endurant group (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

In this present study, Zenith endograft had higher rates of endoleaks, aneurysms related mortality, LGO and reinterventions than patients submitted to Endurant II endografts. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks, type of endograft device (Zenith graft) and limb graft occlusion were related to higher reintervention rates.

Clinical Impact

In this present study, Zenith endograft had higher rates of endoleaks, aneurysms related mortality, limb graft occlusions and reinterventions than patients submitted to Endurant II endografts. The main impact and the innovation that this article provides is an opportunity to evaluate and choose the best endograft suitable for the patient with AAA during EVAR.
Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking Among Iranian Women: Exploring the Role of Compassion and Psychological Consequences
Authors: Salimi Hadi , Zare Mehdi Abadi Fatemeh , Beeble Marisa L. , Mohammadi Kourosh
Published: August 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is pervasive in Iran, with limited research exploring help-seeking. Using path analysis we investigated the extent of IPV, help-seeking, and distress along with compassion for oneself and one’s spouse. Direct effects revealed: (1) IPV was positively associated with help-seeking, distress, and compassion for one’s partner, and negatively related to self-compassion, (2) Help-seeking was positively related to distress and compassion for one’s partner, (3) Self-compassion was negatively related to distress, whereas compassion for one’s partner was positively related. Indirect effects were found between (1) IPV and help-seeking through compassion for one’s partner, (2) IPV and distress through help-seeking, self-compassion, and compassion for one’s partner, and (3) each form of compassion and distress through help-seeking.
The US press and foreign policy information, cueing, and the democratic process in the Syrian conflict
Authors: Khanjani Mehrnaz
Published: August 2024

There were three chemical attacks on Syrian civilians in 2013, 2017, and 2018. In 2013, President Obama proposed military action and it was rejected by Congress. President Trump ordered two airstrikes in 2017 and 2018, without congressional authorization. Investigating news reports and statements issued by the members of the House and Senate show that there were major criticisms among US officials in all three periods. In the month after the three foreign policy declarations (congressional vote in 2013, airstrikes in 2017 and 2018), the US press increased their reliance on US officials and followed the standpoint of powerful domestic officials in criticizing the military intervention policy – whether proposed or in action. They covered a significant amount of criticism in 2013 that officials voted a nay and raised their objections, and marginalized critical standpoints in times of forgoing democratic procedures and powerlessness of representatives to change the policy. This research also demonstrates the increasing role of NGOs and activists in picturing realities in Syria.