bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated approach for facility management of existing buildings using point cloud segmentation
Authors: Marzouk Mohamed , Zaher Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Facility management gained profound importance due to the increasing complexity of different systems and the cost of operation and maintenance. However, due to the increasing complexity of different systems, facility managers may suffer from a lack of information. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new facility management approach that links segmented assets to the vital data required for managing facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Automatic point cloud segmentation is one of the most crucial processes required for modelling building facilities. In this research, laser scanning is used for point cloud acquisition. The research utilises region growing algorithm, colour-based region-growing algorithm and Euclidean cluster algorithm.

Findings

A case study is worked out to test the accuracy of the considered point cloud segmentation algorithms utilising metrics precision, recall and F-score. The results indicate that Euclidean cluster extraction and region growing algorithm revealed high accuracy for segmentation.

Originality/value

The research presents a comparative approach for selecting the most appropriate segmentation approach required for accurate modelling. As such, the segmented assets can be linked easily with the data required for facility management.
Exploring the role of ChatGPT in higher education: opportunities, challenges and ethical considerations
Authors: Zeb Ali , Ullah Rafid , Karim Rehmat
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in higher education. Furthermore, it is also discuss the potential risks and plunders of these tools.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discuss the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in academia and explores the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in higher education. It also highlights the difficulties of detecting and preventing academic dishonesty and suggests strategies that universities can adopt to ensure ethical and useful use of these tools.

Findings

The paper concludes that while the use of AI tools, ChatGPT in higher education presents both opportunities and challenges. The universities can effectively address these concerns by taking a proactive and ethical approach to the use of these tools. This paper further suggests that universities should develop policies and procedures, provide training and support, to detect and prevent cheating intentions.

Originality/value

The paper provides insights into the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in higher education, as well as strategies for addressing concerns related to academic dishonesty. The paper further adds importance to the discussion on the ethical and responsible use of AI tools in higher education.
How does employee financial well-being influence employee productivity: a moderated mediating examination
Authors: Bashir Ifra , Qureshi Ishtiaq Hussain , Ilyas Zahid
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Drawing from the combined theoretical approaches of the conservation of resources theory, broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and social cognitive theory, the current study examined the relationships between employee financial well-being and employee productivity via employee happiness while exploring the moderating role of gender in this mediated relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Using partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling, the hypothesized model was tested employing primary data collected from banking employees.

Findings

The results showed that employee financial well-being has a significant positive effect on employee productivity and this effect was mediated by employee happiness. In addition, the results showed that this indirect effect was moderated by gender such that the relationship was more pronounced in males (versus females).

Originality/value

This study contributes to the nescient research on the consequences of financial well-being especially at an organizational level, with several implications for individuals, employees and organizations, while at the same time offering new insights for future investigation.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2023-0676
Exploring the factors affecting the adoption AI techniques in higher education: insights from teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT
Authors: Al-Mughairi Habiba , Bhaskar Preeti
Published: January 2024

Purpose

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot, has gained substantial attention in the academic world for its potential to transform the education industry. While ChatGPT offers numerous benefits, concerns have also been raised regarding its impact on the quality of education. This study aims to bridge the gap in research by exploring teachers' perspectives on the adoption of ChatGPT, with a focus on identifying factors that motivate and inhibit them to adopt ChatGPT for educational purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

This research has employed a interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) qualitative approach. Through in-depth interviews among the teachers, data will be collected to identify the motivating and inhibiting factors that impact teachers' willingness to adopt ChatGPT. The data was collected from 34 teachers working across 10 branches of the University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS) in Oman.

Findings

The analysis revealed four themes under motivating factors that encourage teachers to adopt ChatGPT for their educational purpose. These include Theme 1: Exploration of innovative education technologies, Theme 2: Personalization teaching and learning, Theme 3: Time-saving and Theme 4: Professional development. On the other hand, inhibiting factors includes five themes which includes Theme 1: Reliability and accuracy concerns, Theme 2: Reduced human interaction, Theme 3: Privacy and data security, Theme 4: lack of institutional support and Theme 5: Overreliance on ChatGPT.

Practical implications

This study contributes to the understanding of teachers' perspectives on the adoption of ChatGPT in education. By understanding teachers' perspectives, policymakers can design appropriate policies and service providers can customize their offerings to meet teachers' requirements. The study's findings will be valuable for higher education institutions (HEIs) in formulating policies to ensure the appropriate and effective utilization of ChatGPT. The study will provide suggestions to ChatGPT service providers, enabling them to focus on motivating factors and address inhibiting factors, thereby facilitating the seamless adoption of ChatGPT among teachers.

Originality/value

In comparison to previous studies, this study goes beyond merely discussing the possible benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in education. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of ChatGPT adoption among teachers by identifying specific motivating and inhibiting factors that influence teachers to adopt ChatGPT for educational purposes. The research enables to gain important new insights that were not previously found, giving a fresh dimension to the existing literature.
Modeling the construction readiness parameters for abandoned housing projects in Malaysia: PLS-SEM approach
Authors: Abdul-Rahman N. Aishah , Rahman Rahimi A. , Alias Ahmad Rizal
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop an interrelation model between critical parameters for assessing the construction readiness (CR) of abandoned housing projects, using Malaysia as a case study. To achieve that aim, the study objectives are to (1) identify critical parameters for assessing the CR of abandoned housing projects; (2) develop underlying constructs to categorize interrelated critical parameters and (3) assess the influence of the underlying constructs on the CR of abandoned housing projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study identifies potential parameters for assessing the CR of abandoned housing projects by reviewing existing literature and interviewing industry professionals. Then, the list was used to develop a questionnaire survey. The collected survey data were analyzed using normalized mean analysis to identify the critical parameters. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to develop underlying constructs to categorize interrelated critical parameters. Finally, the influence of the underlying constructs on the CR of abandoned housing projects was examined through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The analyses suggest that 21 critical parameters are affecting the CR of abandoned housing projects. The critical parameters can be categorized into four underlying constructs: construction site evaluation, management verification, uncertainties mitigation and document approval. Finally, the analyses confirmed that all four constructs affect the CR of abandoned housing projects.

Originality/value

This study is a pioneering effort to quantitatively analyze the parameters for assessing the CR of abandoned housing projects. The findings significantly benefit researchers and industry professionals by providing a list of critical parameters associated with the CR of abandoned housing projects.
COVID-19 pandemic: transformation from physical to virtual classrooms (mediation analysis using PLS-SEM)
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Dubey Taruna , Chahal Hardeep
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine the influence of the quality of online classes on student satisfaction and student loyalty; second, to explore the mediating role of student participation between online classes and student satisfaction; third, to examine the mediating role of student satisfaction between online classes and student loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary data is collected from the postgraduate students in Jammu and Kashmir, India. A descriptive research design was applied to collect the primary data via Google questionnaire with the COVID-19 pandemic in mind to maintain social distance.

Findings

The result reveals that online classes and student participation positively affect student satisfaction. Student participation is a partial mediator between online classes and student satisfaction, with 0.393 Variance Accounted For (VAF). In comparison, it is a full mediator between online classes and student loyalty with 0.96 VAF.

Research limitations/implications

The current study was restricted to postgraduate students, while future research could include research scholars, graduate students, and others. Only government institutions in Jammu and Kashmir were employed for the present study. The study may eventually be expanded to include private universities and more states.

Practical implications

The suggested approach can help teachers, students, policymakers and administrators. The study emphasizes the crucial elements of student engagement and happiness, which must be prioritized to improve online teaching and learning effectiveness and win over students' loyalty.

Originality/value

The study tested the conceptual framework of an integrated approach connecting online classes, student participation, student satisfaction and student loyalty. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, as it was the need of the hour to come out of such a crisis in the future. The present study can also provide a roadmap for transformation from physical to virtual classrooms.
Airbnb exits China: insights from platform competition
Authors: Huang Dan , Huang Songshan (Sam)
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide insights into Airbnb’s exit from the China market, specifically from the perspective of platform competition.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the understanding of the evolution and competition of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation market in China and the double-edged network effects, this viewpoint article provides an in-depth discussion on Airbnb’s withdrawal from the China market.

Findings

This viewpoint paper contends that Airbnb faced increasing challenges in establishing unique competitive advantages against local rivals, who demonstrate a capacity for innovation and maintaining loyal customers in adapting to the market evolution. Consequently, this may inhibit Airbnb from attracting the mainstream market and lead Airbnb into a negative spiral, exacerbated by indirect network effects.

Originality/value

This study offers insights into the failure of an internationalisation process, drawing from an analysis of the competitive environment and the competition strategies of P2P accommodation platforms in China. These findings have practical implications for the implementation of international business strategies in P2P accommodation.
The influence of transformational leadership on self-efficacy and knowledge sharing of teachers: moderating role of knowledge-oriented school culture
Authors: Hoang Tue Ngoc , Le Phong Ba
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transformational leadership (TL) of school leaders on tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (KS) of teachers via the mediating roles of knowledge self-efficacy. This study also attempts to bring a deeper insight on the correlation between TL and KS by exploring the moderating effect of knowledge-oriented school culture (KSC).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper used the quantitative approach and structural equation modeling to test the relationship among the latent factors in the proposed research model using data collected from 335 teachers in Vietnamese universities.

Findings

The findings revealed that TL might be an important precursor to create significant influences on tacit and explicit KS behaviors of teachers directly or indirectly through its positive effect on knowledge self-efficacy. In addition, the paper highlights the moderating role of KSC in strengthening the impact of TL on tacit and explicit KS behaviors of teachers.

Research limitations/implications

This paper offers principals and managers in higher education a novel approach and valuable understanding of the effective pathways to foster KS behaviors of teachers.

Originality/value

This study is unique in its attempts to bridge research gaps in the literature and advance the insights of how school leadership fosters knowledge self-efficacy and KS willingness of teachers through practicing TL style and building a knowledge-oriented climate in higher education.
Enhancing occupational therapy service provision with military veterans through policy reform: Findings from a national survey
Authors: McIntyre Kylie , McKinstry Carol , Bailie Laura , Daniell Ruby , Clews Amery
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Almost half a million Australians have served with the Australian Defence Force. Given the high prevalence of physical and mental health conditions and complexity of civilian life adjustment after military service, high‐quality occupational therapy services are critical. However, there is limited description of occupational therapy service provision to individuals funded by the Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs to inform government policy. The aim of this study was to describe the practice of Australian occupational therapists working with former service members and identify opportunities to enhance practice and policy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study using an online survey was conducted to collect information from occupational therapists providing services to Department of Veterans' Affairs clients. Frequency analyses were performed to describe quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. No consumer or community involvement occurred.

Results

Participants included 123 Australian occupational therapists residing in metropolitan (47%), regional (28%) and rural/remote (23%) areas. Most occupational therapists (69%) had over 15 years of clinical experience and worked in private practice (87%). Common interventions included home modifications, equipment prescription and assistive technology (77%), goal‐oriented rehabilitation (16%) and activities of daily living or function assessments and education (13%). Three themes describing practice issues were identified: (1) Service provision as rewarding yet underfunded, (2) Administrative complexity and lack of understanding of the occupational therapy role and (3) Need for specialist professional development opportunities.

Conclusion

Australian occupational therapists are providing a range of services to Department of Veterans' Affairs clients although mostly relating to physical conditions. Occupational therapy practice with former Australian Defence Force members should be expanded to meet their diverse and complex needs. Further research and education are needed to support use of specialist knowledge and interventions. Advocacy by peak associations and policy reform are urgently required to ensure sustainable services, particularly in rural areas.
Understanding spatial tourism destination recovery in Iran based on a destination attribute recovery index for COVID‐19
Authors: Hajilo Mehdi , Pennington‐Gray Lori , Tahmasbi Siamak , Gheshlagh Siavash I.
Published: January 2024

Throughout history, the tourism industry has encountered diverse crises, each with its distinct characteristics. While the nature of these crises may evolve, the inevitability of their occurrence persists. Given the unpredictability of such events, understanding recovery factors for tourism destinations becomes crucial for swift recuperation. This study employed a destination recovery measurement model, visualised through Geographic Information System and GeoDA, focusing on Iran's 31 provinces. Indicators including tourism density, capacity, investment, accommodation, employment rate and destination type, in conjunction with COVID‐19 cases, were utilised to gauge recovery status. The spatial distribution of the destination recovery index was analysed, revealing nonrandom cluster patterns, affirming that recovery is influenced by specific factors rather than occurring haphazardly. Provinces equipped with higher‐factor concentrations demonstrated swifter recovery, while others exhibited less tourism‐related prominence. These findings hold significance for stakeholders encompassing tourism managers, policymakers and governments vested in the sustainability of future tourism destinations.
Maternal exposure to metals and time‐to‐pregnancy: The MIREC cohort study
Authors: Premranjith Priya , King Will , Ashley‐Martin Jillian , Borghese Michael M. , Bouchard Maryse , Foster Warren , Arbuckle Tye E. , Velez Maria P.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To study the association between maternal exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury, time‐to‐pregnancy (TTP) and infertility.

Design

Pregnancy‐based retrospective TTP cohort study.

Setting

Hospitals and clinics from ten cities across Canada.

Population

A total of 1784 pregnant women.

Methods

Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury were measured in maternal whole blood during the first trimester of pregnancy as a proxy of preconception exposure. Discrete‐time Cox proportional hazards models generated fecundability odds ratios (FOR) for the association between metals and TTP. Logistic regression generated odds ratios (OR) for the association between metals and infertility. Models were adjusted for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, education, income, recruitment site and plasma lipids.

Main Outcome Measures

TTP was self‐reported as the number of months of unprotected intercourse to become pregnant. Infertility was defined as TTP longer than 12 months.

Results

A total of 1784 women were eligible for the analysis. Mean ± SD maternal age and gestational age at interview were 32.2 ± 5.0 years, and 11.6 ± 1.6 weeks, respectively. Exposure to arsenic, cadmium, manganese or mercury was not associated with TTP or infertility. Increments of one standard deviation of lead concentrations resulted in a shorter TTP (adjusted FOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16); however, the association was not linear when exposure was modelled in tertiles.

Conclusion

Blood concentrations of metals at typical levels of exposure among Canadian pregnant women were not associated with TTP or infertility. Further studies are needed to assess the role of lead, if any, on TTP.
Express barcoding with NextGenPCR and MinION for species‐level sorting of ecological samples
Authors: Vasilita Cristina , Feng Vivian , Hansen Aslak Kappel , Hartop Emily , Srivathsan Amrita , Struijk Robin , Meier Rudolf
Published: January 2024

The use of DNA barcoding is well established for specimen identification and large‐scale biodiversity discovery, but remains underutilized for time‐sensitive applications such as rapid species discovery in field stations, identifying pests, citizen science projects, and authenticating food. The main reason is that existing express barcoding workflows are either too expensive or can only be used in very well‐equipped laboratories by highly‐trained staff. We here show an alternative workflow combining rapid DNA extraction with HotSHOT, amplicon production with NextGenPCR thermocyclers, and sequencing with low‐cost MinION sequencers. We demonstrate the power of the approach by generating 250 barcodes for 285 specimens within 6 h including specimen identification through BLAST. The workflow required only the following major equipment that easily fits onto a lab bench: Thermocycler, NextGenPCR, microplate sealer, Qubit, and MinION. Based on our results, we argue that simplified barcoding workflows for species‐level sorting are now faster, more accurate, and sufficiently cost‐effective to replace traditional morpho‐species sorting in many projects.
Inactivation of siderophore iron‐chelating moieties by the fungal wheat root symbiont Pyrenophora biseptata
Authors: French Katie S. , Chukwuma Emmanuel , Linshitz Ilan , Namba Kosuke , Duckworth Owen W. , Cubeta Marc A. , Baars Oliver
Published: January 2024

We investigated the ability of four plant and soil‐associated fungi to modify or degrade siderophore structures leading to reduced siderophore iron‐affinity in iron‐limited and iron‐replete cultures. Pyrenophora biseptata, a melanized fungus from wheat roots, was effective in inactivating siderophore iron‐chelating moieties. In the supernatant solution, the tris‐hydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) underwent a stepwise reduction of the three hydroxamate groups in DFOB to amides leading to a progressive loss in iron affinity. A mechanism is suggested based on the formation of transient ferrous iron followed by reduction of the siderophore hydroxamate groups during fungal high‐affinity reductive iron uptake. P. biseptata also produced its own tris‐hydroxamate siderophores (neocoprogen I and II, coprogen and dimerum acid) in iron‐limited media and we observed loss of hydroxamate chelating groups during incubation in a manner analogous to DFOB. A redox‐based reaction was also involved with the tris‐catecholate siderophore protochelin in which oxidation of the catechol groups to quinones was observed. The new siderophore inactivating activity of the wheat symbiont P. biseptata is potentially widespread among fungi with implications for the availability of iron to plants and the surrounding microbiome in siderophore‐rich environments.
Infant lung function and early skin barrier impairment in the development of asthma at age 3 years
Authors: Färdig Martin , Hoyer Angela , Almqvist Catarina , Bains Karen Eline S. , Carlsen Karin C. Lødrup , Gudmundsdóttir Hrefna Katrín , Granum Berit , Haugen Guttorm Nils , Hedlin Gunilla , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Konradsen Jon R. , Lie Anine , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Skjerven Håvard O. , Staff Anne Cathrine , Vettukattil Riyas , Söderhäll Cilla , Nordlund Björn
Published: January 2024

Background

Largely unexplored, we investigated if lower lung function, impaired skin barrier function by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema, and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in infancy were associated with asthma in early childhood.

Methods

From the factorially designed randomized controlled intervention study PreventADALL, we evaluated 1337/2394 children from all randomization groups with information on asthma at age 3 years, and at age 3 months either lung function, TEWL, eczema, and/or FLG mutations. Lower lung function was defined as the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) <0.25, and skin barrier impairment as a high TEWL >9.50 g/m2/h. Eczema was clinically observed, and DNA genotyped for FLG mutations. Asthma was defined as asthma‐like symptoms (≥3 episodes of bronchial obstruction) between age 2–3 years as well as a history of doctor‐diagnosed asthma and/or asthma medication use. Associations were analyzed in logistic regression models, presented with adjusted ORs (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Lower lung function and skin barrier impairment were associated with asthma in general; aOR (95% CI) 5.4 (2.1, 13.7) and 1.6 (1.1, 2.5), while eczema and FLG mutations were associated with asthma in children with atopic dermatitis or allergic sensitization only. Stratifying for sex, the risk of asthma was only increased in boys with lower lung function; aOR (95% CI) 7.7 (2.5, 23.6), and in girls with FLG mutations; aOR (95% CI) 3.5 (1.5, 8.2).

Conclusion

Lower lung function and impaired skin barrier function in infancy may increase the risk of asthma at age 3 years.
The impact of late pregnancy dating on the detection of fetal growth restriction at term
Authors: Mathewlynn Sam , Kitmiridou Despoina , Impey Lawrence , Ioannou Christos
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The inaccuracy of late pregnancy dating is often discussed, and the impact on diagnosis of fetal growth restriction is a concern. However, the magnitude and direction of this effect has not previously been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of late pregnancy dating by head circumference on the detection of late onset growth restriction, compared to first trimester crown‐rump length dating.

Material and methods

This was a cohort study of 14 013 pregnancies receiving obstetric care at a tertiary center over a three‐year period. Universal scans were performed at 12 weeks, including crown‐rump length; at 20 weeks including fetal biometry; and at 36 weeks, where biometry, umbilical artery doppler and cerebroplacental ratio were used to determine the incidence of fetal growth restriction according to the Delphi consensus. For the entire cohort, the gestational age was first calculated using T1 dating; and was then recalculated using head circumference at 20 weeks (T2 dating); and at 36 weeks (T3 dating). The incidence of fetal growth restriction following T2 and T3 dating was compared to T1 dating using four‐by‐four sensitivity tables.

Results

When the cohort was redated from T1 to T2, the median gestation at delivery changed from 40 + 0 to 40 + 2 weeks (p < 0.001). When the cohort was redated from T1 to T3, the median gestation at delivery changed from 40 + 0 to 40 + 3 weeks (p < 0.001). T2 dating resulted in fetal growth restriction sensitivity of 80.2% with positive predictive value of 78.8% compared to T1 dating. T3 dating resulted in sensitivity of 8.6% and positive predictive value of 27.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of abnormal CPR remained high despite T2 and T3 redating; 98.0% and 89.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Although dating at 11–14 weeks is recommended, late pregnancy dating is sometimes inevitable, and this can prolong the estimated due date by an average of two to three days. One in five pregnancies which would be classified as growth restricted if the pregnancy was dated in the first trimester, will be reclassified as nongrowth restricted following dating at 20 weeks, whereas nine out of 10 pregnancies will be reclassified as non‐growth restricted with 36‐week dating.
Metabolic drives affecting Th17/Treg gene expression changes and differentiation: impact on immune‐microenvironment regulation
Authors: Brescia Carolina , Audia Salvatore , Pugliano Alessia , Scaglione Federica , Iuliano Rodolfo , Trapasso Francesco , Perrotti Nicola , Chiarella Emanuela , Amato Rosario
Published: January 2024

The CD4+ T‐cell population plays a vital role in the adaptive immune system by coordinating the immune response against different pathogens. A significant transformation occurs in CD4+ cells during an immune response, as they shift from a dormant state to an active state. This transformation leads to extensive proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production, which contribute to regulating and coordinating the immune response. Th17 and Treg cells are among the most intriguing CD4+ T‐cell subpopulations in terms of genetics and metabolism. Gene expression modulation processes rely on and are linked to metabolic changes in cells. Lactylation is a new model that combines metabolism and gene modulation to drive Th17/Treg differentiation and functional processes. The focus of this review is on the metabolic pathways that impact lymphocyte gene modulation in a functionally relevant manner.
Myelinolysis cases presenting with manic attack after rapid correction of hyponatremia: Two cases
Authors: Boylu Muhammed Emin , Kırpınar İsmet
Published: January 2024

Objective

Myelinolysis is a neurological condition that can display diverse psychiatric symptoms, with electrolyte imbalance, alcoholism and malnutrition being the frequent causes. Rapid correction of hyponatremia may trigger pontine and extra‐pontine myelinolysis.

Cases

This paper examines two cases: one of hyponatremia after antihypertensive use and the other of myelinolysis due to rapid correction of hyponatremia. Since myelinolysis appeared as a manic episode, the patients sought treatment at the psychiatry outpatient clinic. Further tests were conducted to rule out organic causes and the diagnosis was confirmed prior to referring the patients to the neurology clinic.

Conclusion

Psychiatrists should be meticulous in excluding organic causes in first‐episode mania and consider these possibilities in the differential diagnosis for the pertinent patient group.
Flow experience fosters university students' well‐being through psychological resilience: A longitudinal design with cross‐lagged analysis
Authors: Mao Yanhui , Luo Xinyi , Wang Shujun , Mao Zhuozhu , Xie Mei , Bonaiuto Marino
Published: January 2024

Background

Existing research has linked individuals' flow experience – a positive affective and cognitive state of deep immersion and engagement in daily activities – and their well‐being, particularly among university students. A growing number of longitudinal studies have further contributed to this understanding. However, limited attention has been given to exploring the dynamic interplay between these two variables and their underlying mechanisms (i.e., the mediator) of psychological resilience, specifically among university students in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Aims

To address this research gap, the present study draws on self‐determination, flow and broaden‐and‐build theories. It examines the temporal dynamics and relationships between flow experience and well‐being, and the mediating role of psychological resilience among Chinese university students.

Sample

The study adopts a three‐wave longitudinal design with a sample of 474 university students in Southwest China.

Methods

Participants' flow experience, well‐being and psychological resilience were measured across three time waves.

Results

The findings of this study reveal that flow experience predicts well‐being across the three waves and that psychological resilience mediates this prediction. This empirical evidence emphasizes the significance of both flow experience and psychological resilience in contributing to the well‐being of university students over time amid COVID‐19.

Conclusions

These findings enrich our understanding of the factors contributing to well‐being in educational settings and provide highly relevant and timely insights for developing strategies to foster well‐being among university students, especially in the transition into the post‐pandemic era; findings also offer valuable insights not only for researchers but also for educators and policymakers.
Perceiving multiple truths: Does dialectical thinking harmonize colourblind and multicultural ideals?
Authors: Gale Jessica , Yogeeswaran Kumar
Published: January 2024

Multicultural and colourblind approaches to managing diversity are often conceptualized to be antagonistic. However, in principle, both have underlying motives for social justice, making it important to understand how they may be psychologically reconciled. In the present research, we examined dialectical thinking as an individual characteristic or condition under which people may endorse them in a conciliatory way. Across five studies (three pre‐registered; N = 1899), using well‐established materials that have measured and experimentally manipulated dialectical thinking, we found that individual differences in dialectical thinking were a replicable factor that moderated the relationship between colourblind and multicultural ideals. By contrast, situational priming of dialectical thinking did not reliably impact this relationship. Therefore, people with a greater propensity to view issues from multiple perspectives and to reconcile seemingly contradictory information appear more likely to take a harmonized approach to endorsing colourblind and multicultural ideals. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Rift segmentation caused by reactivation of multiple basement structure systems: Evidence from the Hailar‐Tamtsag Rift, northeast Asia
Authors: Wu Lulu , Shen Chuanbo , Paton Douglas A. , Hou Yanping , Mortimer Estelle J. , Zeng Xiaowei , Wu Wei , Lin Junfeng
Published: January 2024

Since the influence of structural inheritance on rift geometry has been widely documented, it is easy to assume that rift segmentation, a prominent feature of rift geometry, may have been also influenced by structural heterogeneity. However, limited studies using high‐quality seismic data have considered how basement reactivation is accommodated at individual fault scale and then how this results in rift segmentation at sub‐basin scale. Using extensive high‐quality 3D seismic data and 76 borehole data, we investigate the characteristics of rift architecture, rift‐related fault systems, basement structures and rift evolution in the Hailar‐Tamtsag Rift, northeast Asia. We identify three distinct rift segments which are defined by three rift‐related fault systems and accompanied by three underlying basement structure systems. We recognize three phases of basement reactivation and three types (including five styles) of interactions between basement structures and rift‐related faults. Our study shows that rift segmentation has been caused by reactivation of multiple basement structure systems which not only influence the orientation of rift segments and type of rift architecture, but also control the location, strike, dip and style of the major rift‐related faults. Rift segmentation was completely achieved through multiple phases of basement reactivation, while the main structural framework of segmentation was established through ‘extensive reactivation’ during the second phase extension. Our study examines how multiple basement structure systems control rift segmentation at both individual fault and sub‐basin scales, which can significantly improve our understanding of relationship between structural inheritance and rift segmentation.
Syn‐rift tectono‐stratigraphic development of the Thebe‐0 fault system, Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia: The role of fault‐scarp degradation
Authors: Martinez Candela , Chiarella Domenico , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Rennie Harry , Scarselli Nicola
Published: January 2024

The syn‐rift architecture of extensional basins records deposition from and interactions between footwall‐, hangingwall‐, and axially‐derived systems. However, the exact controls on their relative contributions and the overall variable depositional architecture, and how their sediment volume varies through time, remains understudied. We undertook a quantitative approach to determine temporal and spatial changes in the contribution of fault‐scarp degradation to the syn‐rift tectono‐stratigraphic development of the Thebe‐0 fault system on the Exmouth Plateau (NW Shelf, offshore Australia), using high‐quality 3D seismic reflection and boreholes data. The magnitude of footwall erosion was measured in terms of vertical (VE) and headward (HE) erosion by calculating the volume of eroded material along the footwall scarp. A detailed seismic‐stratigraphic and facies analysis allowed us to constrain the architectural variability of the hangingwall depositional systems and the types of resulting deposits (i.e., fault‐controlled base‐of‐scarp, settling from suspension, and hangingwall‐derived). After addressing the syn‐rift tectono‐stratigraphic framework, we suggest that periods of significant erosion along the Thebe‐0 fault scarp are related to the accumulation of fault‐controlled base‐of‐scarp deposits characterised by comprising a lower wedge with chaotic to low‐continuity reflections. Footwall‐derived deposits characterised by an upward decrease in stratigraphic dip are interpreted as related to periods of reduced fault activity and sustained sediment delivery sourced from the footwall scarp and systems beyond it (e.g., antecedent systems). We then analysed the tectono‐stratigraphic framework and the volumetric comparison between material eroded from the fault‐scarp and accumulated in the basin, aiming to estimate the contribution of fault‐scarp degradation to the hangingwall syn‐rift fill. Our results suggest periods of enhanced fault activity control fault‐scarp degradation variability through time, and we agree with that described by previous researchers—fault throw variability along‐strike regulates the variability in the magnitude of erosion. However, we propose that fault‐scarp degradation timing and its spatial variability are also influenced by the interaction and linkage with adjacent normal faults and by sea level variations. Lastly, we determine broader similarities and differences with a system located in the same fault array (i.e., Thebe‐2 fault system), aiming to give insights into the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of a broader area and the spatial variability in fault‐scarp degradation.
Regional anesthesia for transplantation surgery ‐ A White Paper Part 2: Abdominal transplantation surgery
Authors: Ander Michael , Mugve Neal , Crouch Cara , Kassel Cale , Fukazawa Kyota , Isaak Robert , Deshpande Ranjit , McLendon Charles , Huang Jiapeng
Published: January 2024

Transplantation surgery continues to evolve and improve through advancements in transplant technique and technology. With the increased availability of ultrasound machines as well as the continued development of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols, regional anesthesia has become an essential component of providing analgesia and minimizing opioid use perioperatively. Many centers currently utilize peripheral and neuraxial blocks during transplantation surgery, but these techniques are far from standardized practices. The utilization of these procedures is often dependent on transplantation centers’ historical methods and perioperative cultures. To date, no formal guidelines or recommendations exist which address the use of regional anesthesia in transplantation surgery. In response, the Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia (SATA) identified experts in both transplantation surgery and regional anesthesia to review available literature concerning these topics. The goal of this task force was to provide an overview of these publications to help guide transplantation anesthesiologists in utilizing regional anesthesia. The literature search encompassed most transplantation surgeries currently performed and the multitude of associated regional anesthetic techniques. Outcomes analyzed included analgesic effectiveness of the blocks, reduction in other analgesic modalities—particularly opioid use, improvement in patient hemodynamics, as well as associated complications. The findings summarized in this systemic review support the use of regional anesthesia for postoperative pain control after transplantation surgeries. Part 1 of the manuscript focused on regional anesthesia performed in thoracic transplantation surgeries, and part 2 in abdominal transplantations. Specifically, regional anesthesia in liver, kidney, pancreas, intestinal, and uterus transplants or applicable surgeries are discussed.
Comparison of postoperative ascites replacement strategies on time to first flatus after living donor liver transplantation: Albumin vs. lactated Ringer's solution
Authors: Oh Seung‐Young , Woo Hye‐Young , Lim Leerang , Im Hyunjae , Lee Hannah , Lee Jeong‐Moo , Hong Suk Kyun , Choi YoungRok , Yi Nam‐Joon , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Ryu Ho Geol
Published: January 2024

Introduction

There is insufficient evidence regarding the optimal regimen for ascites replacement after living donor liver transplantation (LT) and its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of replacing postoperative ascites after LT with albumin on time to first flatus during recovery with early ambulation and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

Adult patients who underwent elective living donor LT at Seoul National University Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were randomly assigned to either the albumin group or lactated Ringer's group, based on the ascites replacement regimen. Replacement of postoperative ascites was performed for all patients every 4 h after LT until the patient was transferred to the general ward. Seventy percent of ascites drained during the previous 4 h was replaced over the next 4 h with continuous infusion of fluids with a prescribed regimen according to the assigned group. In the albumin group, 30% of a total of 70% of drained ascites was replaced with 5% albumin solution, and remnant 40% was replaced with lactated Ringer's solution. In the lactated Ringer's group, 70% of drained ascites was replaced with only lactated Ringer's solution. The primary outcome was the time to first flatus from the end of the LT and the secondary outcome was the incidence of AKI for up to postoperative day 7.

Results

Among the 157 patients who were screened for eligibility, 72 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 63 ± 8.2 years, and 73.0 % (46/63) were male. Time to first flatus was similar between the two groups (66.7 ± 24.1 h vs. 68.5 ± 25.6 h, p = .778). The albumin group showed a higher glomerular filtration rate and lower incidence of AKI until postoperative day 7, compared to the lactated Ringer's group.

Conclusions

Using lactated Ringer's solution alone for replacement of ascites after living donor LT did not reduce the time to first flatus and was associated with an increased risk of AKI. Further research on the optimal ascites replacement regimen and the target serum albumin level which should be corrected after LT is required.
A pragmatic tool to screen for pre‐transplant cognitive impairment among potential candidates for liver transplant
Authors: Teles Mayan S. , Ruck Jessica M. , Jefferis Alexa , Helmy Sherif , Oh Esther S. , Murriel Emily C. , Lai Jennifer C. , King Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Cognitive impairment (CI) among liver transplant (LT) candidates is associated with increased risk of waitlist mortality and inferior outcomes. While formal neurocognitive evaluation is the gold standard for CI diagnosis, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is often used for first‐line cognitive screening. However, MoCA requires specialized training and may be too lengthy for a busy evaluation appointment. An alternate approach may be the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), which is patient‐ and informant‐based and can be administered quickly. We compared potential LT candidates identified by MoCA and QDRS as potentially benefiting from further formal cognitive evaluation.

Methods

We identified 46 potential LT candidates enrolled at a single center of a prospective, observational cohort study who were administered MoCA and QDRS during transplant evaluation (12/2021–12/2022). Scores were dichotomized as (1) normal versus abnormal and (2) normal/mild impairment versus more‐than‐mild impairment. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of QDRS compared to MoCA.

Results

By MoCA, this population had a prevalence of 48% normal cognition, 48% mild, 4% moderate, and 0% severe impairment. This was categorized as 96% normal/mild and 4% more‐than‐mild impairment. When comparing to MoCA cognitive screening, QDRS had a sensitivity of 61%, specificity of 56%, NPV of 56%, and PPV of 61%. When identifying more‐than‐mild impairment, QDRS had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 73%, NPV of 100%, and PPV of 10%.

Conclusion

The high sensitivity and NPV of QDRS in identifying more‐than‐mild impairment suggests it could identify potential LT candidates who would benefit from further formal cognitive evaluation. The ability to administer QDRS quickly and remotely makes it a pragmatic option for pre‐transplant screening.
Fractal characteristics of the trabecular pattern of the mandible in patients with renal transplantation
Authors: Altunok Murat , Miloğlu Özkan , Doğan Hasan , Yılmaz Ahmet Berhan , Uyanık Abdullah , Çankaya Erdem
Published: January 2024

Objective

In this study, we examined the mandibular trabecular bone structures by performing fractal dimension (FD) analysis in patients who underwent renal transplantation (RTx).

Methods

Our study is an observational study with 69 RTx patients and 35 control group patients. The mean FD values of the patient and control groups were calculated and compared. In addition, biochemical parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and vitamin‐D parameters and FD values of both groups were analyzed.

Results

FD values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the healthy group (p < .05). In the RTx group compared to the control group, ALP (90.71 ± 34.25–66.54 ± 16.8, respectively) (p < .001) and PTH (75.76 ± 38.01–38.17 ± 12.39, respectively) (p < .001) values were higher. There was a positive correlation between the FD values and ALP (rspearman = .305, p = .011) and a negative correlation between FD values and vitamin‐D (rspearman = .287, p = .017) of patients with RTx.

Conclusion

FD values were found to be lower in patients who underwent RTx compared to the control group. It should be considered that FD analysis can be a method that can be used to evaluate trabecular bone structure in patients undergoing RTx.