bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Comparison of Biomechanical Properties of a New “PRP Loop” with that of Opus Loop and L-Loop - a FEM Study
Authors: Kumari Smita , Niranjane Priyanka , Kamble Ranjit
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Closure of space is a salient factor in orthodontic treatment. Friction and frictionless mechanics are the methods of extraction space closure. Retraction loops eg. T loop, Opus loop, K Sir loop, L loop etc used force system as frictionless mechanics. An attempt has been made to blend the design of both Opus and L loops to form a new loop called “PRP loop” so that the beneficial properties of L loop and Opus loop can be integrated into the new loop. This study is therefore undertaken to evaluate the biomechanical effect of PRP loop and compare it to the “L loop and Opus loop”.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the moment to force ratio of PRP loop, Opus loop and L loop fabricated in “0.019×0.025 inch” and “0.017×0.025 inch” “TMA wire with and” without any “ preactivation bends” and to “compare the moment to force ratio” of PRP loop with “Opus loop”, and L loop fabricated in 0.019×0.025 wire with those fabricated in 0.017×0.025 wire.

Methodology: PRP loop, “L loop and Opus loop” will be fabricated in “0.019×0.025 and 0.017×0.025 inch TMA wire” without pre activation bends. Using the dHAL software moment to force ratio will be calculated for PRP loop of “0.019×0.025 inch” and “0.017×0.025 inch” “TMA wire with and” without different degrees of alpha pre-activation bends.

Ansys 16.0 finite element analysis software will be used to form the loops of three dimensional model after that the forces and moments in all three dimensions will be studied.

Expected Result: The moment to force of PRP loop will be evaluated to so that optimum force level can be determined to prove its clinical efficiency.

Conclusion: No such study has been done on PRP loop. Hence, a study is planned to evaluate and compare the ”biomechanical properties of PRP loop with that of Opus loop and L loop”
Anaesthetic Management of Pre Eclamptic Patient with Solitary Kidney and Uterine Didelphys Posted for Emergency Caesarean Section: A Case Report
Authors: Induja S. , Anand . , Balamurugan B.
Published: February 2022

Uterine didelphys results from impaired fusion of the paired Müllerian ducts. The incidence of uterine anomalies is believed to be 0.5–2.0% of reproductive-age women, with didelphic uterus renal agenesis accounting for approximately 10%. Uterine didelphys is associated with in approximately 25% of cases1. Pre eclampsia is defined as SBP more than 160 mmhg, DBP more than 90 mmhg, associated with proteinuria and urine protein excretion >300mg in a 24 hour period or a protein creatinine ratio of atleast 0.32. Neuraxialblockade stands an effective mode of anaesthesia for these patients. Management of pre eclampticpatient with solitary kidney can be a challenge to anaesthesiologist due tovarious metabolic derangements including hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis.Multidisciplinary approach is required to have good pregnancy outcome in these patients.
A Comparative Study on Changes in Postoperative Care of Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgeries in a Tertiary Care Centre between COVID and Non-COVID Patients
Authors: Kamaraja Kaviya , Rajesh S.
Published: February 2022

Aim: To observe and analyze changes in postoperative management between COVID and non- COVID patients who undergo emergency surgeries in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram, Chennai.

Objective: To analyze the postoperative care and compare the hospital stay, incision, drugs used and other system complications between COVID and non-Covid patients.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study of 40 subjects who came to the general surgery department for emergency procedures were studied. The study duration was 4 months. The exclusion criteria were obstetric and orthopaedic emergencies and patients between the age of 16 years and above 60 years. All the emergencies in the general surgery department were done under anaesthesia.

Results: The postoperative outcome between the subjects who were COVID positive and negative was quite similar but an increased postoperative stay due to delay in wound healing was observed. This was not found to be directly caused by the COVID infection but mostly due to the drugs used in its management and the patient’s comorbidities and lifestyle choices.
Anaesthetic Management of a Pregnant Patient with Repaired Ventricular Septal Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Deshmukh Priyanka , Deshmukh Pratibha , Sable Parag , Chakole Vivek
Published: February 2022

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly. Pregnancy is not always well tolerated in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) such as atrio-ventricular septal defect (AVSD), predominantly due to heart failure deterioration and increasing pulmonary hypertension (PH). Management of those patients are challenging, especially during third trimester and after delivery care. Decision about time of termination, mode of delivery and anaesthetic management are also debatable.
The Effects of Lifestyle Modofications on Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index
Authors: Chauhan Vaishnavi Virendra Singh , More Akash , Gajbe Ujwal , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: February 2022

Background: Most of the men go through infertility due to DNA defects in sperm. DNA defects in sperm can be measured by sperm DNA fragmentation test. Sperm DNA splitting have been correlated with sperm viability and its major impact on male infertility. Many studies have shown that men with disturbed lifestyle habits such as smoking ,alcoholic consumption ,poor diet have very poor DNA quality compared to the men with proper habits like good diet , exercise and a well maintained routine. There has been many tests to measure the DNA breakage after conducting proper semen examination and infertility duration. This can be treated with proper medications and regular exercise.

Objectives: 1. To predict the reason for male infertility by evaluating routine semen parameters.

To study the effects of daily lifestyle habits associated with SDF in patients who are not fertile.

To investigate the amount of sperm DNA splitting in men who are not fertile. 4.To investigate the association between DFI and semen quality, between DFI and IVF, between DFI and IUI. 5.To estimate the outcomes of sperm DNA fragmentation index and allow the patients to seek post infertility treatments.

Methods: This non-invasive methodology includes recording of treatment history and the indications of infertility. Proper counselling for the patients were done. A proforma were filled along with their consent showing the accuracy of smoking, alcohol consumption, stress levels and other mentioned factors and hence calculating the sperm breakage levels.
A Study on Short Segment Fixation for Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Khan Sohael M. , Dasari Venkatesh , Samal Nitin , Bukhari Rameez , Gupta Suvarn , Waghmare Antariksh
Published: February 2022

Background: Spine injury is being one of the commonest injuries which pose challenges to the patients and treating clinicians as well. Despite so much research and recent advances, there has not been unanimous consensus regarding the management of spinal injuries. However, the treatment aim of every injury to the spine is to restore of max possible function in patients. This study was conducted to assess the outcome of short segment fixation in fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.

Methods and Materials: This is a prospective cohort study done at our Tertiary Center during the period from April 2018 To September 2020. Patients with thoracolumbar spine injuries were, included in the study. Study on short-segment pedicle screw fixation and inter- transverse fusion for single-level acute thoracolumbar fracture.

Results: Mean age of the sample size was 40.58 years with male preponderance. The FRANKEL SCALE was used to grade the pre-op neurology; 17.2% were graded as E, 24.1% as D, 31%  as C, 13.8 % as B, and 13.8% A. ASIA motor and sensory score preoperative and postoperative at one year follow up was compared was found to be significant (p<0.05). Preoperative VAS and Functional independent measures also showed significant improvement.

Conclusion: Surgical stabilization and decompression are essential strategies for further neuroprotection and recovery after a spine injury. Short segment fixation can be an option for thoracolumbar fracture. However, an unstable fracture may require extended fixation.
Awareness about Early Menarche and Its Associated Problems among Female Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Siva V. K. , Archana .
Published: February 2022

Background: In many developing countries, the age of menarche is declining due to various factors. Early pubertal development or early menarche among girls could be associated with higher risks of poor health, so it is important to bring awareness and gain knowledge about early menarche and it's associated problems.

Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge about early menarche and its associated problems among female medical students.

Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study was done among the 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd year girls studying in a medical college in Chennai.

Methods: This study was conducted among 232 participants. A convenient sampling method was used.  A pretested semi-stricter questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and awareness about early menarche and its associated problems.

Statistical Analysis Used: Data was entered in an excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS software version 16, statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test.

Results: Out of 232 participants 33.7% had good knowledge about early menarche and its associated problems. There was a significant association between the year of study and the level of knowledge of the participants. 42.35% were aware that “early menarche can lead to breast cancer and ischemic heart disease”.

Conclusion: Thus, this study helps us to bring more awareness about early menarche and its associated problems and to prevent it by gaining knowledge about the factors resulting in early menarche.
Role of Tocilizumab in Fighting COVID 19
Authors: Pani Anuttam Arijit , Joshi Abhishek
Published: February 2022

Background: Tocilizumab is the repurposed drug used in the severely ill COVID-19 patients. A lot of traction has gain over the drug but more studies are awaited to ensure the efficacy of the drug with proper backing from empirical data. Tocilizumab, a drug which is used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis suddenly came into limelight when it got listed as drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. As earlier discussed, many existing drugs which were already in use for treating other ailments were being tested if they are suitable to treat COVID-19 disease. Tocilizumab have the anti-inflammatory properties which were in particular were useful in COVID-19 which creates an inflammation all across the organs.

Summary: COVID-19 is the novel disease outbreak later progressed into deadly pandemic has presented the huge challenge to contain it clinically as no drug was available prior the outbreak of the disease. Vast amount of drugs can be used to at least suppress the viral spread which was found to be true. Although it was not hundred percent foolproof but it was an emergency situation and various drugs were used according to local ground conditions and patients response to the drug along with age and severity of the illness. Tocilizumab was one such drug which was repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Many drugs such as Hydroxycholoroquine (HCQ), Tocilizumab were repurposed from their existing use. Tocilizumab is currently used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Various studies have shown the efficacy of the drug among the severely ill COVID-19 patients which ranges up to 66 percent. In certain cases worsening of the existing medical condition has been observed.

Conclusion: Vaccine nationalism must be set aside and low and middle income countries where most of the population of the world resides, should be vaccinated as even one case can culminate into another disaster as was seen during highly contagious COVID-19. More empirical data is needed from across the globe to ensure the assessment of the efficacy of the drug. Also certain cases of shortage of the said drug for non-COVID-19 purpose also looked into seriously has it can create a parallel disaster.
Astronaut Era: Does Your Child Patient Accept Your New Look and Practicality of Using Behaviour Modification Techniques in COVID Times?
Authors: Farooq Sana , Lone Nazia , Sidiq Mohsin
Published: February 2022

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged health care professionals and dental professionals play a pivotal role in preventing transmission of COVID 19.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, skills and preparedness of Pediatric dentist in managing  a case in their dental operatory in COVID times.

Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in June 2020 on  52 dental specialists who  were contacts of invigilator and had done  post graduation in Pedodontics and Preventine Dentistry at Delhi NCR or were practicing Pedodontist in Jammu & Kashmir. A 10 question based questionnaire was developed to assess their knowledge, awareness and skills . Data were subjected to appropriate statistical measures and analyzed.

Result: Amongst 52 Pedodontist who took  part in survey  23.08% were pedodontist with experience of three and more years where as  53.85% were still undergoing postgraduation in the speciality of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.100% of pediatric dentist thought its pre requisite to screen the temperature of all the children and attendants using infrared thermometer before taking proper history and thought of conducting  examination only after a preprocedural mouthrinse of 1% hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusion: An aware and knowledgeable pedodontist  following the latest guidelines can handle children well in situation where behaviour modification techniques are hampered due to use of PPE(Personnal Protective Equipment). It is important to educate all the patients about coughing etiquettes and the dental professionals about modification required in a dental clinic set-up for managing cases requiring urgent dental care.
Study of Platelet Indices in Patients with Metabolic Syndromes: A Study Protocol
Authors: Shah Divit P. , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Bawankule Shilpa
Published: February 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a syndrome of unified metabolic disorder which includes abdominal obesity (AO), hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), hyperglycemia and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Metabolic syndrome subjects are exposed to greater chances to have insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, atherogenic changes to the vessels, abnormal lipid levels and abnormal functioning of endothelium. Platelets play a key role in hemostasis. The mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet’s proportion are indicators of platelet function. This study aims to find the correlation between various platelet indices in patients with Metabolic syndromes.

Methods: This prospective study is planned to be conducted in AVBRH, Wardha. Patients anthropometric parameters like height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference and biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, serum HDL, and mean platelet volumes will be assessed. Total 130 subjects will be assessed and data will be analyzed to estimate a correlation between platelet indices and metabolic syndromes.

Expected Results: A significant correlation is expected between various platelet indices in patients of different metabolic syndromes.
Preparation of Mouth Wash Using Musa sapientum Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Roshan A. , Priyadharshini R. , Rajeshkumar S. , Sinduja Palati
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Musa sapientum are primarily grown in tropical and subtropical countries, and are commonly used around the world for their nutritional values. Peels were examined for mineral, nutritional content. The product of the mineral content is that the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, bromine, and rubidium are high. M. sapientum pulp showed high antimicrobial activity against 13 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods: The plant extract was prepared. Silver nanoparticles were taken in the form of AgNO3. The plant extract was tested for its anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation assay. To assess the antimicrobial activity, the prepared extract was inoculated in different culture plates containing different microorganisms. The results obtained were collected and statistically analyzed in SPSS software and graphs were obtained.

Results: Analysis of antimicrobial activity shows The zone of inhibition in Mueller Hinton agar showed C. albicans zone of inhibition in the cultured plate with the diameter of 10 mm, 12 mm and 25 mm in 25 µL, 50 µL, and 100 µL respectively. S. mutans zone of inhibition in the cultured plate with the diameter of 15 mm, 18 mm, and 22 mm at 25 µL, 50 µL, and 100 µL respectively.

Conclusion: From the results obtained and analyzed we may conclude that silver nanoparticles synthesized using Musa sapientum extract can be used as a good anti-microbial agent. Its anti-microbial activity can be enhanced by increasing the concentration. Hence furt her advancements in this study could lead to producing and marketing natural product-based antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents.
New Perspectives on Clopidogrel Resistance Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alrahbeni Tahani
Published: February 2022

Background: Clopidogrel resistance can be defined as the failure of clopidogrel to inhibit its target of action.  The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in various studies ranges between 5%–44%. Clopidogrel resistance is a serious scary condition whereby clopidogrel drug is less or not effective for some patients than expected. Hence the present Systematic review was conducted to explore the new perspectives of Clopidogrel and to evaluate the effect of genetic cytochrome CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3) of the key drug metabolizing enzymes on the response to the anti-platelet effect of clopidogrel. To provide insights into the commentary summarizes the clinical evidence on the pharmacokinetic determinants of clopidogrel efficacy.

Material and Method: Systematic review is a type of literature reviews that collects and critically analyzes multiple research studies using methods that are selected before one or more research questions are formulated and then finding and analyzing studies that relate to and answer those questions in a structured methodology.

Results: Accumulated information from suggested the presence of high incidence of clopidogrel resistance. Associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS),  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke. There was no significant difference in the incidence of resistance according to the type of studies.

Conclusion:  Accumulated information from previous studies and the present systematic review suggested the presence of high incidence of clopidogrel resistance. This resistance was associated with serious complications such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke.
Determination of Spectrum of Symptoms Observed Followed by Administration of 1st and 2nd Doses of COVISHIELD™ Vaccine in Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) – A Study Protocol
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Dhande Rajasbala , Gaidhane Abhay , Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna , Jumade Prashil
Published: February 2022

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan City of Hubei, Province of China with population of 11 million, after outbreak of pneumonia. Present study deals with acceptability of newly manufactured vaccines against Covid 19 disease component of social misconceptions regarding the post vaccination symptoms and/or adverse events. Main rationale of this study is to list all post vaccination symptoms observed at multiple points of time to clear misconceptions resulting in possible increase in acceptability of newer vaccines.

Aim: To determine the spectrum of symptoms observed followed by administration of 1st and 2nd doses of COVISHIELD™ vaccine in Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed to be university).

Methods: This will be a Prospective analytical cohort study conducted over a period of  5 years. 

Procedure: Followed by letter of informed consent, pre validated questionnaire will be circulated amongst the healthcare professionals having been administered the 1st and 2nd doses of COVISHIELD™ vaccine filled and submitted to authorized email for further study and will be evaluated for enlisting post vaccination symptoms with time of onset and duration following 1st and 2nd doses of COVISHIELD™ vaccine. Follow up will maintained at regular intervals and questionnaire will be amongst participants at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 years after the 2nd dose of COVISHIELD™ vaccine.

Expected Outcome: Post vaccination symptoms following 1st and 2nd doses of COVISHIELD™ vaccine with range of time of onset and duration of the same will enhance status of the COVISHIELD™ vaccine awareness, social acceptability and willingness.

Conclusion: All conclusions will be drawn after proper statistical analysis.
Assessment of Awareness about Occupational Safety among Laboratory Staff in Healthcare Settings: A Study Protocol
Authors: Chiwande Ekta Sandip , Shinde Vitthal , Gudhe Vandana
Published: February 2022

Background: Occupational health and safety is very important factor in the health care industries. The health care professionals are very important part of the hospital that provides number of services to the population. To provide better services to the community the health care professionals have to take care of themselves very well at their workplace. In this health care industries the health care professionals who are working in the diagnostic laboratories are the major factors. Health and safety of the health care professionals is very important aspect to reduce the risk factors. Medical diagnostic laboratories pose a lot of risks to the healthcare staff and awareness generation among the health care professionals to mitigate the hazards is important. This study aims to assess the awareness about occupational health safety measures among the laboratory staff and instil awareness about safety measures.

Methodology: This will be a cross-sectional study. Investigator will administer a structured questionnaire among selected study participants from Central laboratory at AVBRH . The data will be analysed with appropriate analytical software and statistical tests.

Expected Result: The expected outcome could reflect that the health care professionals are well aware of occupational hazards and health and safety issues at their work place.

Conclusion: The level of awareness about the health safety at the workplace among health care workers working in the central laboratory is the vital parameter to ensure occupational safety and security.
Transfusion Triggers in Cardiac Surgery Patients – A Retrospective Review
Authors: Sureshkumar I. , Hariharan A. , Hemamalini N. V. , Panicker Vinod Kumar
Published: February 2022

Aim: To determine the transfusion trigger for cardiac surgery patients and to determine the transfusion pattern in these patients.

Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Department of Transfusion Medicine, SMCH, Chennai, between the periods of 2017-2020.

Methodology: This study was done by reviewing the blood bank records for patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2017 to 2020. Patients with other comorbid conditions like cirrhosis, malignancy, those who underwent emergency surgeries and death during the surgery were excluded from the study. Patient data like age, diagnosis, number of components transfused, preoperative hemoglobin, and details of surgery done on the respective patients were reviewed from the blood bank records.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 53.3 ± 13.6 years. In our sample population 73% of patients underwent CABG procedure and they received packed red blood cell transfusions. Among the PRBC transfusions 93% of patients received liberal transfusions and 7% of patients received restrictive transfusions. Majority of patients in our study population about 58% belong to 45-64 years of age group.

Conclusion: We found that most of the transfusions done in cardiac surgery patients were done on liberal transfusion strategy. Thus, we conclude in our study most of the transfusions done on cardiac surgery patients followed liberal transfusion strategy, which would be less harmful to the patients.
Prevalence of Oral Carcinoma among Younger Individuals - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar N. Bharath , Premavathy Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Aim: To study the prevalence of oral cancer among younger individuals in India.

Introduction: It helps us to study the prevalence, management, causative agents, signs and symptoms of oral cancer. Oral cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of tumour cells in the oral cavity. Cancer can occur in the tongue, lips, hard palate, and soft palate, floor of mouth, cheeks and mucosal layer. There is a wide range of variations in prevalence of oral cancer in different regions from minorities or sub-population.

Materials and Methods: The survey was carried out with Google forms and recorded 104 responses for 10 self prepared questionnaires. Responses collected were analyzed using SPSS software. The analysis shows that there was a significant awareness of oral cancer.

Results: There was a significant level of awareness of oral cancer among younger individuals. The present observation shows statistically significant (0.032) between gender and awareness of prevalence by screening oral mucosa, by using Pearson Chi Square test with confidence level 95% with the value of 0.05.

Conclusion: The important message is that early detection of asymptomatic early stages of cancer translates in general terms to satisfactory clinical outcome and cures in most cases.
To Assess Prevalance of Various Feeding Techniques Used for Children with Cleft Lip/Palate Prevalent in Southern India and to Assess Their Effectiveness in Improving Energy Intake and Growth of Children with Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Santhya G. , Mahipathy Surya Rao Venkata , Natarajan Praveen Ganesh , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Easwar Ananth , Raja Alagar
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess various feeding techniques used for children with cleft lip/cleft palate.

Introduction: Cleft lip/palate is a condition wherein there is an opening or slit in the upper lip/palate. Maintaining optimum nutrition in children with cleft lip/palate is a challenge owing to the feeding and swallowing difficulties these children face. This article aims to discuss various feeding techniques used in southern India and to analyse their effectiveness in helping the infant with weight gain and overall development.

Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study done in south India using structured questionnaire. It consisted of 100 children <2 years of age visiting the cleft clinic in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Data was analysed statistically and evaluated using chi square test.

Results: This study concluded that paalada (65%) was the most commonly used technique to feed children with cleft lip/palate in southern India. The study also concludes that formula feed was the most widely used feed to effectively increasing weight of the child with cleft lip/palate. Education about feeding practices is vital in helping the mother understand the importance of healthy weight gain, growth and development.

Conclusion: Though the majority of parents visiting a cleft clinic are educated on the do's and don'ts of feeding a child with cleft lip/cleft palate, the data is inconclusive of the exact situation in India, so more research on the subject is needed to improve the feeding experience of children with cleft lip/cleft palate.
Diabetes and its Prevalence in the Indian Population
Authors: Srushti Sawane , Sahastrabudhhe A. , Jha Roshan Kumar
Published: February 2022

Background: India is one of the world's epicenters of the diabetes pandemic. The increased sensitivity of Indians has resulted in a massive increase in diabetes mellitus prevalence in India. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is significantly more frequent than diabetes mellitus type 1. In India, most of those affected are affluent and educated urbanites rather than uneducated or underprivileged rural dwellers. The change in lifestyle choices, urbanization, and various other factors have led to this.

Conclusion: The mushrooming weight of diabetes is an actual threat in India. The health system has conventionally been designed to cater to acute illness and maternal and child health apprehensions in India. This emphasizes the need for a multi-protracted strategy to minimalize the burden of diabetes and its complications. Main gaps exist in laborers to comprehend the load nationally and globally, specifically in developing nations, due to an absence of accurate data for monitoring and observation.
Survey on Problems Faced by Dental Patients having Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Britina . , Premavathy Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate that patients having diabetes mellitus face more problems in a dental clinic or hospital. Oral care provided by dentists in these patients play an important role.

Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted through an online platform, results were evaluated using SPSS software. Responses of these questionnaires were analysed using SPSS statistics. Crosstabs with Monte Carlo and confidence level 95% was used. Statistical significance was then analysed.

Results: Results and data after analysis showed that many problems are faced by dental patients with diabetes mellitus.

The main reason for this survey is to know whether people are aware about the problems faced by dental patients having diabetes mellitus and to make people aware about that.

Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that patients who are having diabetes mellitus must follow the clinicians suggestions to control the blood sugar level and cooperate with the practitioners for the safest procedures.
Comparison of Conventional and Microwave Bone Decalcification Methods by Using 10% Nitric Acid: A Research Protocol
Authors: Vodithala Sahitya , Tiwade Yugeshwari R. , Vagha Sunita
Published: February 2022

Background: In bony specimens, elimination of calcium is obtained by a method known as “Decalcification”. It is completed through the means of chemical agents such as acids, chelators etc that combine with ions of calcium. Decalcifying agent is used in regular conventional method where the hard tissue is placed at a room temperature (20-25°C) with modifications of the solution at orderly intervals until the final cutoff point is obtained. Usage of microwave oven for the process of decalcification is a new and fast method in contrast to the routine conventional method of decalcification. In this study, an attempt has been made to regulate and compare the conventional procedure of decalcification with decalcification done by microwave oven of hard tissue specimens by using nitric acid of 10% concentration with regards to decalcification speed, conservation of tissue architecture as well as productiveness of staining.

Objectives: The study will made a comparison of Conventional and Microwave Bone Decalcification Methods by using 10% Nitric Acid.

Methodology: This prospective analytical study, will include decalcification of 30 hard tissue specimens by microwave method and conventional method. The results will be compared in terms of decalcification speed, conservation of tissue architecture and staining productiveness. Necessary tests will be applied to analyze the data.

Expected Results: Significant advantages of microwave method are expected over conventional method of decalcification.

Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn based on careful analysis of the results.
Delta Fixation for High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Technique, Indications and an Adult Case Report
Authors: Gupta Sarthak , Khan Sohael M. , Dasari Venkatesh , Jain Shashank , Singh Pradeep K. , Gupta Suvarn
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Spondylisthesis is a condition with 4% prevalence, with high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) being 1/5th of total. Majority of HGS cases are reported in children, and uncommonly in adults. High-grade spondylolisthesis is resistant to conservative management and requires surgical fixation. There are multiple options in surgery such as anterior fusion, anterior-posterior fusion, posterolateral bone-only fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, transvertebral pedicle screw fixation, and posterior trans sacral interbody fusion. The main challenge in these surgeries is to achieve adequate decompression, stabilization, and fusion. During these procedures, specially in the reduction of long-standing listhesis, the reduction maneuvers used may lead to neural damage. No reduction needed if sagittal balance balance is present.

Methods: We report a case of a 62 yr old female, presenting with chronic low backache for 18 yrs with radiation to bilateral lower limb.  Patient had bilaterally positive SLR and hypoesthesia on the left L5 dermatome, with no motor deficit. Xray and MRI showed grade III spondylolisthesis at L4 over L5 with elongated pars interarticularis. The case was treated by Transdiscal fixation and posterior decompression.

Conclusion: On follow-up, for 6 months the patient is asymptomatic with no pain on SLR though paresthesia persisted. The Delta fixation with transdiscal pedicle screws is a good option for adult long-standing high-grade spondylolisthesis with good sagittal balance.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella Species
Authors: Sultana Ulfat , Sultana Tajwar , Zaidi Syeda Amber , Qureshi Faiza , Bocha Yameen , Kazmi Tayyaba
Published: February 2022

Aim: To find out the prevalence and susceptibility of MDR klebsiella isolates in Karachi.

Study Design: Pre-clinical in-vitro study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the microbiology lab of the tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan during May to October 2021.

Methodology:  About 550 samples of blood, urine and wound swab were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37° Celsius for 24 hours. The antibiotic susceptibility was identified by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Antibiotic disc of amoxicillin-clavulanate 20 µg, Fosfomycin 200 µg, Ciprofloxacin 5 μg, Moxifloxacin µg, Gentamicin 10 μg and Ceftolozane/tazobactam (30/10 μg) were placed on agar plate and then incubated at 35°C for 16-24 hours. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results: Out of total 550 strains of Klebsiella 35% were multidrug resistant while 64% were not. Sensitivity and resistance pattern of multiple antibiotics against Klebsiella showed that majority of antibiotics were resistant to Klebsiella. The highest resistance was noted with amoxicillin that was 90%, followed by amoxiclave, nitrofurantoin, doxycycline, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin with frequency of 86%, 75%, 64% 56% and 54% respectively. On the other hand, combination of Ceftolozane and tazobactam were highly sensitive against klebsiella followed by fosfomycin, Imipenem and combination of piperacillin and tazobactam with frequency of 95%, 89%, 88% and 68% respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that klebsiella species have developed high resistance against a number of antibiotics resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Currently combination of Ceftolozane and tazobactam is highly sensitive so it should be preserved as a future lifesaving drug. Beside this, fosfomycin, Imipenem and combination of piperacillin and tazobactam also reported high sensitivity.
Pharmacy Health Coaching Intervention Improve Medication Adherence among Drug Addiction Patients at Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Alexxander . , Puspitasari Ika , Kristina Susi Ari , Kristanto Cecep Sugeng , Susanto Yugo
Published: February 2022

Aims: To prove the effect of pharmacy health coaching (PHC) on medication adherence among drug addicts at the Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Study Design:  A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design

Place and Duration of Study: Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Between February to April 2020.

Methodology: The pharmacy health coaching intervention was conducted six weeks using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted during February – April 2020. The population referred to the drug addiction outpatients using consecutive sampling methods that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by filling out the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and filling sheets about patient characteristics data and the drug use history of the patients. Data were then analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with the Wilcoxon mean difference test.

Results: The results showed that the pharmacy health coaching intervention could improve medication adherence of the patients with drug addiction, where the pre-measurement adherence was only 16.00 ± 1.086. At the same time, the post-measurement increased to 18.25 ± 4.109 (P = 1.00). Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the pharmacy health coaching intervention improved patient adherence, but the increase was not statistically significant (P > .05).

Conclusion: The pharmacy health coaching intervention improved patient adherence, but the increase statistically was not significant. A large number of samples was needed.
Effect of Physiotherapy on Hand Rehabilitation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Survivor: A Case Report
Authors: Ankar Prajyot , Samal Snehal , Vikrant . , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Dagal Ragini , Thimoty Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Background: Ischemic injury to the brain caused by a sudden drop in blood supply causes over 80% of strokes. Large artery blockage occurs in about 25-35 percent of strokes, and patients in this category often have severe neurological impairments. The prognosis is bleak if treatment is not started right away. Imaging of the brain after a stroke is crucial for determining the extent of tissue damage and guiding treatment.

Aim: To determine the effect of early hand rehabilitation post ischemic stroke.

Presentation of Case: A 35-year-old woman with a history of hypertension acquired aphasia, left hemiplegia, and hemisensory loss all at the same time. She was sent to the hospital's emergency room. On CT the blockage of the right middle cerebral artery revealed an acute ischemic stroke. The Motor Assessment Scale is taken in which there is a hand function domain also to assess it.

Discussion: There are many studies on hand rehabilitation, but usually we stated hand rehabilitation late. Our primary focus during rehabilitation is upper limb and lower limb, hand is a little neglected part.

So, in this case study we will be focusing on early had rehabilitation.

Conclusion: The case data confirms a diagnosis and appropriately planned physical rehabilitation care that resulted in a progressive improvement on STREAM Score, Motor Assessment Scale Score, Barthal index score and WHO-QOL score.
Efficacy of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for Hemiparesis following Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sharma Vaishnavi , Samal Snehal , Morgade Shwetambari , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Dagal Ragini , Thimoty Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Background: In Cerebral Vascular Disease when one or more arteries are thrombosed it results in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) and affects in all ages. This condition is very challenging as it is not diagnosed early due to diverse signs and symptoms and involvement of extensive collateral circulation. Superior sagittal sinus is a large sinus which is commonly affected. Usually, patient comes with clinical presentation of headache with papilledema, to focal deficit, seizures and coma.  

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for Hemiparesis following Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Presentation of Case: A 18-year-old male patient presented with a history of severe headache, weakness in his right arm and leg, dizziness upon rising from bed, and a unilateral headache. On investigation CT scan and MRI brain was done. The physiotherapy has started from 2 days after admission in AVBRH.

Discussion: In the cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis the management of hemiparesis is shown to enhance the ADL and quality of life of patients.

Conclusion: The rehabilitation protocol planned will help in improving the range of motion and ADL of patient when started as early as possible.
A Cross-sectional Study to Investigate the Association of Depression among COPD Patients at a Secondary Care Hospital in Nilgiris
Authors: Gowda M. B. Aishwarya , Deo Shefali , Nair Sayoojya Rajeev , Sagadevan Shonitha , Moudgil Khayati
Published: February 2022

Aim: Depression is highly affected comorbid condition with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients remaining unrecognized and under-diagnosed. Co-morbid depression affects the prognosis of the disease leading to an increase in the mortality rate. 

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess and evaluate the association of depression among COPD patients by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).

Study Design, Place and Duration: A cross-sectional study conducted at Government headquarters hospital, Ooty, consisting of 82 COPD patients, who were assessed for depression.

Results: Among 82 COPD patients, 17% (n=14) of the patients found without depression, 17% (n=14) of the patients suffered from mild depression, followed by 35.3% (n=29) of the patients from moderate depression, 25.6% (n=21) of the patients suffered from severe depression and 4.8% (n=4) patients diagnosed with very severe depression. Thus, the prevalence of depression in our study population was 82.9%. Depression was found to be significantly associated with age (p =0.000), alcoholism (p =0.012) and duration of disease (p= 0.000). A positive correlation was obtained between depression and age, duration of disease.

Conclusion: The study revealed that the severity of depression is strongly associated with age, consumption of alcohol, and duration of COPD.
Possible Mechanisms of Drugs Used in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Pharmacological Perspective
Authors: Pingili Ravindra Babu , Kodali Tanvija , Kilaru Naveen Babu , Dirisala Vijaya R. , Challa Siva Reddy , Kondru Akhila , Koppula Sirisha , Melike Sravani , Toleti Vyshnavi , Saka Vara Prasad
Published: February 2022

Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can infect both animals and humans. Coronaviruses are divided into thirty-nine species and twenty-seven subgenus in the family Coronaviridae, according to the current classification. Seven of these are known to induce respiratory infections, while four others can cause cold-like symptoms on a regular basis. SARS CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV-2 infection are three examples of viral rebound. They are to blame for SARS, MERS, and the most recent Coronavirus epidemic discovered in 2019. (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared the respiratory sickness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic (WHO). For this COVID-19, there are currently no properly shown managements. The virology of SARS-CoV-2 has yielded a large number of therapeutic targets. Remdesivir appears to be the most promising treatment. Currently, COVID-19 is treated with Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Favipiravir, Niclosamide, Azithromycin, Sarilumab, Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Ribavarin, Nitazoxanide, Umifenovir, Camostat, Ciclesonide, Darun They exert their effects through blocking receptors such as IL 6, TMPRSS2, CD147, and AAKI, as well as RNA dependent RNA polymerase, membrane fusion, endocytosis, and proteolysis. The authors of this study looked at the available literature on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 virus in terms of therapeutic evidence. This in-depth and thorough examination provides an excellent overview of the most up-to-date information on the medications used to treat COVID-19.
Psychological Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic among College Students: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Pradeepkumar Bhupalam , Madhubala E. , Venkat N. Sai , Kumar Y. Kiran , Goruntla Narayana , Haranath C. , Reddy K. Soma Sekhar , Ahad Abdul , Sudheer A.
Published: February 2022

The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) has spread very rapidly all over the globe, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. This pandemic brought not only the risk of death but also psychological pressure on people and remarkably on college students. To assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on college students. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on college students studying diploma, graduation, and post-graduation irrespective of their gender was included in the study.  The data was collected through online mode by providing links to fill google form.  The survey tool was disseminated in various messenger groups and social media networks.  The survey tool comprises demographics, COVID-19 stressors, generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD 7), and patient health questionnaire (PHQ 9) scale. Chi-square was used to find the association between demographic characters with anxiety and depression. 443 students participated in this web-based survey. Among all participants, 44.25% were normal range, 31.38% are mild anxiety, 18.97% were moderate anxiety, and 5.42% were severe anxiety.  Results also indicated that there were 37.25% participants were in normal range, about 27% were mild depression, 22.13% moderate depression, 7.45% moderately severe depression and 6.1% severe depression. All the variables other than gender, place of residence, and steady family income were significantly associated with anxiety, whereas gender and place of residence variables were not significantly associated with depression. To conclude, the mental health of college students was significantly affected by the pandemic. More help and support from society, families and colleges would be supportive to them. It is suggested that the government and colleges should collaborate to resolve this problem by providing high-quality, timely crisis oriented psychological services to college students.
Mitochondrial energy metabolism regulates the nutrient import activity and endocytosis of APC transporters
Authors: Moharir Akshay , Gay Lincoln , Babst Markus
Published: February 2022

Nutrient import by APC‐type transporters is predicted to have a high energy demand because it depends on the plasma membrane proton gradient established by the ATP‐driven proton pump Pma1. We show that Pma1 is indeed a major energy consumer and its activity is tightly linked to the cellular ATP levels. The low Pma1 activity caused by acute loss of respiration resulted in a dramatic drop in cytoplasmic pH, which triggered the downregulation of the major proton importers, the APC transporters. This regulatory system is likely the reason for the observed rapid endocytosis of APC transporters during many environmental stresses. Furthermore, we show the importance of respiration in providing ATP to maintain a strong proton gradient for efficient nutrient uptake.