bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin expression and the cardioprotective role of the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in ApoE-deficient mice
Authors: Suarez-Martinez Edu , Husain Kazim , Ferder Leon
Published: July 2014

Background:

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in the US. The adipokine adiponectin has been studied intensively for presenting and inversed association with almost every stage of CHD. For instance, the evaluation of molecules capable of enhancing endogenous adiponectin expression is well justified. In this study, we investigated the effect of the vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) paricalcitol and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril on adiponectin expression, lipid profiles, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), antioxidant capacity, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), Mn-SOD, NADPH p22phox subunits, inducible nitric oxidesynthase (iNOS), endothelial marker eNOS, and 81 atherosclerosis-related genes in ApoE-deficient mice.

Method:

Seven-week-old ApoE-deficient mice were treated for 16 weeks as follows: Group 1, ApoE vehicle control (intraperitoneal [i.p.] 100 µl propylene glycol); Group 2, ApoE-paricalcitol (200 ng i.p., 3/week); Group 3, ApoE-Enalapril (30 mg/kg daily); Group 4, ApoE-paricalcitol + enalapril (described dosing); and Group 5, wild-type control (C57BLV).

Results:

All treated groups presented significant changes in circulating and cardiac adiponectin, cardiac cholesterol levels, AMPK, MCP-1, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, eNOS, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and p22phox. There were 15 genes that differed in their expression, 5 of which are involved in cardioprotection and antithrombotic mechanisms: Bcl2a1a, Col3a1, Spp1 (upregulated), Itga2, and Vwf (downregulated).

Conclusion:

Together, our data presented a novel role for VDRA and ACEI in reducing factors associated with CHD that may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic venues.
Missed Peritalar Injuries
Authors: Matuszak Sean A. , Baker Erin A. , Stewart Cory M. , Fortin Paul T.
Published: July 2014

Because of the complex anatomy of the foot, rarity of fractures of the foot, and subtle radiographic cues, foot injuries are commonly overlooked and mis/undiagnosed. This study seeks to investigate a patient population whose peritalar injuries, including fractures and dislocations, were missed on initial examination, in order to analyze factors of known, missed injuries and provide insight into methods for reducing the incidence of missed diagnoses. Surgical cases between January 1999 and May 2011 were queried and retrospectively reviewed to identify missed peritalar injuries. Of 1682 surgical cases reviewed, 27 patients with missed peritalar injury(ies), which were subsequently confirmed by imaging studies, were identified. Using the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, fracture and dislocation subtypes were classified. A medical record review was performed to assess demographic and surgical data elements. In this study population, 7 types of peritalar injuries (talus, calcaneal, navicular, and cuboid fractures as well as subtalar, calcaneocuboid, and talonavicular joint dislocations) were diagnosed in 27 patients. All patients required surgical intervention. Talus fractures were the most commonly missed injury. In patients with multiple peritalar injuries, there was a strong correlation between talus and navicular fractures (r = −0.60; P < .01) as well as a moderate correlation between talus fractures and calcaneocuboid dislocations (r = −0.46; P = .02). The presence of a calcaneal fracture significantly decreased the time to definitive diagnosis ( P = .01). Male patients’ diagnoses were delayed an average of 324 days and females 105 days ( P = .04). A moderate correlation was found between patient age at injury and time to diagnosis (r = −0.47; P = .04), with a decreased time to diagnosis as patient age increased. Significant factors were identified in this patient population, including patient sex and age, which may contribute to missed or delayed diagnosis in the clinical setting. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of peritalar injuries may improve long-term outcomes.

Levels of Evidence: Care Management, Level V
Plantar Flexor Muscle Architecture Changes as a Result of Eccentric Exercise in Patients With Achilles Tendinosis
Authors: Crill Matthew T. , Berlet Gregory , Hyer Christopher
Published: July 2014

Eccentric training for Achilles tendinosis (AT) has been reported to significantly improve patient symptoms. There has been no biomechanical explanation on the mechanism for specific rehabilitation technique. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in muscle architecture that occurred as a result of Achilles tendinosis injury and a subsequent eccentric rehabilitation program. Twenty-five patients (age, 53.3 ± 17.5 years) diagnosed with AT participated in 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Specific exercises for the ankle plantar flexors consisted of maximal load eccentric muscle action using 3 sets of 15 repetitions. Patients also completed a protocol for AT, which consisting of traditional rehabilitation. Medial gastrocnemius (GM) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) muscle fascicle length and thickness were measured with ultrasound at 2-week intervals from initial treatment day to the end of 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Medial gastrocnemius fascicle length increased (45.1 ± 10.5 mm to 51.4 ± 10.5 mm; P = .22) between the initial day of rehabilitation and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. But, GM thickness (16.3 ± 3.5 mm to 16.8 ± 2.0 mm), GL fascicle length (47.2 ± 10.0 mm to 47.1 ± 7.4 mm), and GL thickness (14.9 ± 5.2 mm to 14.4 ± 2.7 mm) did not change as a result of rehabilitation. A 6-week eccentric-biased exercise increased the GM muscle fascicle length by 12%, but GM thickness, GL fascicle length, and GL thickness did not change as a result of rehabilitation. Eccentric training for the treatment of AT is well recognized, but the mechanism of action has not been previously reported. A 6-week eccentric training protocol increased the GM muscle fascicle length by 12%, and this correlated with improvement in a validated patient outcome scoring system. Further study is warranted to determine a predictive relationship between improvement of GM fascicle length and outcome scores.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Assessment of Osgood-Schlatter Disease and the Skeletal Maturation of the Distal Attachment of the Patellar Tendon in Preadolescent Males
Authors: Yanagisawa Shinya , Osawa Takashi , Saito Kenichi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Iizuka Haku , Takagishi Kenji
Published: July 2014

Background:

Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity. Ultrasonography (US) is able to detect pathologic changes, such as cartilage swelling and fragmentation of the tibial tubercle ossification center.

Purpose:

To compare the US stages of tibial tuberosity development and the physical features and prevalence of OSD in this patient cohort.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Subjects included 238 males (n = 476 joints) with a mean age of 11.4 ± 1.6 years (range, 7-14 years). The tibial tuberosity development on US was divided into 3 stages: the cartilaginous stage (stage C), apophyseal stage (stage A), and epiphyseal stage (stage E). It was then investigated whether the subjects had pain in the tibial tuberosity on application of pressure. Age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), heel-buttock distance (HBD, cm), and straight-leg raise angle (SLRA) were evaluated. To confirm the diagnosis of OSD, the participant had to fulfill the following clinical criteria: pain with direct pressure on the tibial apophysis, fragmentation of the bone, and irregularity of the ossification center detected by US.

Results:

The tibial tuberosity was stage C in 195 knees, stage A in 105 knees, and stage E in 176 knees. The subjects’ heights, weights, and BMIs significantly increased with advancing development of the tibial tuberosity. The HBD increased in stage E ( P < .01). The SLRA was not significantly different among groups. There was fragmentation of the bone and irregularity of the ossification center in 32 knees (6.8%): 0 in stage C, 21 (4.3%) in stage A, and 11 (2.3%) in stage E. Fragmentation of the bone and irregularity were observed significantly more often in stage A ( P < .01). On the other hand, there were 10 joints with OSD (2.1%): 0 in stage C, 3 (0.6%) in stage A, and 7 (1.5%) in stage E. OSD was observed significantly more often in stage E than in the other stages ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The present study showed that the HBD increased from stage A to stage E. The prevalence of OSD was highest in stage E.
Surgical Management of Symptomatic Olecranon Traction Spurs
Authors: Alvi Hasham M. , Kalainov David M. , Biswas Debdut , Soneru Alexander P. , Cohen Mark S.
Published: July 2014

Background:

There is a paucity of information pertaining to the pathoanatomy and treatment of symptomatic olecranon traction spurs.

Purpose:

To describe the pathoanatomy of olecranon traction spur formation, a technique for spur resection, and a series of patients who failed conservative care and underwent operative treatment.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Eleven patients (12 elbows) with a mean age of 42 years (range, 27-62 years) underwent excision of a painful olecranon traction spur after failing conservative care. Charts and imaging studies were reviewed. All patients returned for evaluation and new elbow radiographs at an average of 34 months (range, 10-78 months). Outcome measures included the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire; the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS); visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and patient satisfaction; elbow motion; elbow strength; and elbow stability.

Results:

The traction spur was found in the superficial fibers of the distal triceps tendon in all cases. The mean QuickDASH score was 3 (range, 0-23), the mean MEPS score was 96 (range, 80-100), the mean VAS pain score was 0.8 (range, 0-3), and the mean VAS satisfaction score was 9.6 (range, 7-10). Average elbow motion measured 3° to 138° (preoperative average, 5°-139°). All patients exhibited normal elbow flexion and extension strength, and all elbows were deemed stable. Early postoperative complications involved a wound seroma in 1 case and olecranon bursitis in 1 case: both problems resolved without additional surgery. Two patients eventually developed a recurrent traction spur, 1 of whom underwent successful repeat spur excision 48 months after the index operation.

Conclusion:

Short- to mid-term patient and examiner-determined outcomes after olecranon traction spur resection were acceptable in our experience. Early postoperative complications and recurrent enthesophyte formation were uncommon.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides the treating physician with an improved understanding of the pathoanatomy of olecranon traction spur formation, a technique for spur resection, and information to review with patients regarding the outcome of surgical management.
Accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells in the elderly induces the generation of granzyme-B+ CD8+ T cells with potential antitumor activity
Authors: Lee-Chang Catalina , Bodogai Monica , Moritoh Kanako , Olkhanud Purevdorj B. , Chan Andrew C. , Croft Michael , Mattison Julie A. , Holst Peter Johannes , Gress Ronald E. , Ferrucci Luigi , Hakim Fran , Biragyn Arya
Published: July 2014

Key Points

We report the discovery of evolutionary conserved aging-associated accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells that induce GrB+ CD8+ T cells. This discovery explains paradoxical retarded tumor growth in the elderly.
Long-term survival and blast transformation in molecularly annotated essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Guglielmelli Paola , Larson Dirk R. , Finke Christy , Wassie Emnet A. , Pieri Lisa , Gangat Naseema , Fjerza Rajmonda , Belachew Alem A. , Lasho Terra L. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Hanson Curtis A. , Rambaldi Alessandro , Finazzi Guido , Thiele Juergen , Barbui Tiziano , Pardanani Animesh , Vannucchi Alessandro M.
Published: July 2014

Key Points

Survival in ET is superior to that of PV, regardless of mutational status, but remains inferior to the sex- and age-matched US population. JAK2/CALR/MPL mutational status is prognostically informative in PMF, regarding overall and leukemia-free survival.
Pulmonary Tuberculous: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. 19-year experience in a third level pediatric hospital
Authors: González Saldaña Napoleón , Macías Parra Mercedes , Hernández Porras Marte , Gutiérrez Castrellón Pedro , Gómez Toscano Valeria , Juárez Olguin Hugo
Published: July 2014

Background

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that involves the lungs and can be lethal in many cases. Tuberculosis (TB) in children represents 5 to 20% of the total TB cases. However, there are few updated information on pediatric TB, reason why the objective of the present study is to know the real situation of PTB in the population of children in terms of its diagnosis and treatment in a third level pediatric hospital.

Methods

A retrospective study based on a revision of clinical files of patients less than 18 years old diagnosed with PTB from January 1994 to January 2013 at Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City was carried out. A probable diagnosis was based on 3 or more of the following: two or more weeks of cough, fever, tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) +, previous TB exposure, suggestive chest X-ray, and favorable response to treatment. Definitive diagnosis was based on positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or culture.

Results

In the 19-year period of revision, 87 children were diagnosed with PTB; 57 (65.5%) had bacteriologic confirmation with ZN staining or culture positive (in fact, 22 were ZN and culture positive), and 30 (34.5%) had a probable diagnosis; 14(16.1%) were diagnosed with concomitant disease, while 69/81 were immunized. Median evolution time was 21 days (5–150). Fever was found in 94.3%, cough in 77%, and weight loss in 55.2%. History of contact with TB was established in 41.9%. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in 48.3% and mediastinal lymph node in 47.1%. PPD was positive in 59.2%, while positive AFB was found in 51.7% cases. Culture was positive in 24/79 patients (30.4%), PCR in 20/27 (74.1%). 39 (44.8%) patients were treated with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide while 6 (6.9%) received the former drugs plus streptomycin and 42 (48.3%) the former plus ethambutol. There were three deaths.

Conclusions

PTB in pediatric population represents a diagnostic challenge for the fact that clinical manifestations are unspecific and the diagnosis is not confirmed in all cases; that is why clinical suspicion, X-ray findings and PPD are indispensable for opportune start of treatment.
Tuning the peak position of subwavelength silica nanosphere broadband antireflection coatings
Authors: Tao Fei , Hiralal Pritesh , Ren Lianbing , Wang Yong , Dai Qing , Amaratunga Gehan AJ , Zhou Hang
Published: July 2014

Subwavelength nanostructures are considered as promising building blocks for antireflection and light trapping applications. In this study, we demonstrate excellent broadband antireflection effect from thin films of monolayer silica nanospheres with a diameter of 100 nm prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett method on glass substrates. With a single layer of compact silica nanosphere thin film coated on both sides of a glass, we achieved maximum transmittance of 99% at 560 nm. Furthermore, the optical transmission peak of the nanosphere thin films can be tuned over the UV-visible range by changing processing parameters during Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. The tunable optical transmission peaks of the Langmuir-Blodgett films were correlated with deposition parameters such as surface pressure, surfactant concentration, ageing of suspensions and annealing effect. Such peak-tunable broadband antireflection coating has wide applications in diversified industries such as solar cells, windows, displays and lenses.
I'll Be Gone, You'll Be Gone: Why American Employers Underinvest in Health
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Fannion Robert D.
Published: July 2014

It has become increasingly common to hear a business case for wellness that emphasizes the benefits of having a healthy workforce. This is essentially the same as the case for employers to train their workers; training a worker and investing in the health of the worker both represent a productivity-enhancing investment in the worker by the firm. The problem is that the employer frequently fails to capture the returns on the investment. A healthier or better-skilled worker can command a higher wage and threaten to leave the firm making the investment. This risk of failing to capture the gains from investment produces underinvestment in skills and, by the same mechanism, should produce underinvestment in workforce wellness. We further divide wellness into positive and negative policies: Positive wellness is an investment, expenditure on the workforce in expectation of future increased returns, or perhaps better recruitment and retention. Negative wellness is an effort to reduce the wage bills associated with ill health with, for example, co-pays. Most stable and meaningful employer wellness programs are likely to be negative wellness programs that reduce the effective wages of the sick.
Tcf3 expression marks both stem and progenitor cells in multiple epithelia
Authors: Howard Jeffrey M. , Nuguid Justine M. , Ngole Diana , Nguyen Hoang
Published: July 2014

The Lef/Tcf-family transcription factor Tcf3 has important roles in development, stem cell function and malignancy. Previous gain- and loss-of-function studies have suggested that Tcf3 is a mediator of self-renewal and an undifferentiated state in stem and progenitor cells in skin, but little is known of its role in other postnatal tissues. Here, we explore the distribution and behavior of Tcf3-expressing cells in several adult tissues using a novel Tcf3-CreER knock-in mouse model. By lineage tracing in dorsal skin, we verify that Tcf3-expressing cells in the hair follicle bulge are self-renewing stem cells with multilineage potential. We then demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of Tcf3-expressing cells in the basal layer of several other stratified epithelia, including the paw skin, tongue and esophagus. By lineage tracing, we demonstrate that the Tcf3-expressing population in these tissues includes persistent stem cells, transient progenitors and cells undergoing active differentiation. Our observations here suggest that the role of Tcf3 in cell-fate decision is more complex than previously appreciated and is highly dependent on cellular context.
Dual roles for Id4 in the regulation of estrogen signaling in the mammary gland and ovary
Authors: Best Sarah A. , Hutt Karla J. , Fu Nai Yang , Vaillant François , Liew Seng H. , Hartley Lynne , Scott Clare L. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Visvader Jane E.
Published: July 2014

The HLH transcriptional regulator Id4 exerts important roles in different organs, including the neural compartment, where Id4 loss usually results in early lethality. To explore the role of this basally restricted transcription factor in the mammary gland, we generated a cre-inducible mouse model. MMTV- or K14-cre-mediated deletion of Id4 led to a delay in ductal morphogenesis, consistent with previous findings using a germ-line knockout mouse model. A striking increase in the expression of ERα (Esr1), PR and FoxA1 was observed in both the basal and luminal cellular subsets of Id4-deficient mammary glands. Together with chromatin immunoprecipitation of Id4 on the Esr1 and Foxa1 promoter regions, these data imply that Id4 is a negative regulator of the ERα signaling axis. Unexpectedly, examination of the ovaries of targeted mice revealed significantly increased numbers of secondary and antral follicles, and reduced Id4 expression in the granulosa cells. Moreover, expression of the cascade of enzymes that are crucial for estrogen biosynthesis in the ovary was decreased in Id4-deficient females and uterine weights were considerably lower, indicating impaired estrogen production. Thus, compromised ovarian function and decreased circulating estrogen likely contribute to the mammary ductal defects evident in Id4-deficient mice. Collectively, these data identify Id4 as a novel regulator of estrogen signaling, where Id4 restrains ERα expression in the basal and luminal cellular compartments of the mammary gland and regulates estrogen biosynthesis in the ovary.
Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Apolloni Savina , Amadio Susanna , Parisi Chiara , Matteucci Alessandra , Potenza Rosa Luisa , Armida Monica , Popoli Patrizia , D'Ambrosi Nadia , Volonté Cinzia
Published: July 2014

In recent years there has been an increasing awareness on the role of P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP in modulating physiopathological mechanisms in the CNS. In particular, P2X7 was shown to be implicated in neuropsychiatry, chronic pain, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation. Remarkably, P2X7 was shown to be a "gene modifier" in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): the receptor is up-regulated in spinal cord microglia in human and rat at advanced stages of the disease; in vitro, activation of P2X7 exacerbates pro-inflammatory responses in ALS-microglia, as well as toxicity towards neuronal cells. Despite this detrimental in vitro role of P2X7, in P2X7−/−/SOD1-G93A mice the clinical onset of ALS was significantly accelerated and disease progression worsened, thus indicating that the receptor might have some beneficial effects at least at certain stages of disease. In order to clarify this dual action of P2X7 in ALS pathogenesis, in the present work we used the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a blood-brain barrier permeable and safe drug already proven to reduce neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, neuropathic pain and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. We tested BBG in SOD1-G93A ALS mouse model at asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and late pre-symptomatic phases of disease. BBG at late pre-onset significantly enhances motoneuron survival and reduces microgliosis in lumbar spinal cord, modulating inflammatory markers such as NF-κB, NADPH oxidase 2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This is accompanied by delayed onset and improved general conditions and motor performance, in both male and female mice, although survival appears not affected. Our results prove the twofold role of P2X7 in the course of ALS, and establish that P2X7 modulation might represent a promising therapeutic strategy by interfering with the neuroinflammatory component of the disease.
Long QT mutations disrupt IKS regulation by PKA and PIP2 at the same KCNQ1 helix C-KCNE1 interface
Authors: Dvir Meidan , Strulovich Roi , Sachyani Dana , Ben-Tal Cohen Inbal , Haitin Yoni , Dessauer Carmen , Pongs Olaf , Kass Robert , Hirsch Joel A. , Attali Bernard
Published: July 2014

KCNQ1 and KCNE1 co-assembly generates the IKS potassium current, which is crucial to the cardiac action potential repolarization. Mutations in their corresponding genes cause the long QT syndrome (LQT) and atrial fibrillation. The A-kinase anchoring protein, yotiao, brings the IKS channel complex with signaling proteins to achieve regulation upon β1-adrenergic stimulation. Recently, we showed that KCNQ1 helix C interacts with KCNE1 distal C-terminus. We postulated that this interface is critical for IKS channel modulation. Here we examined the yet unknown molecular mechanisms of LQT mutations located at this intracellular intersubunit interface. All LQT mutations disrupted the internal KCNQ1-KCNE1 intersubunit interaction. LQT mutants in KCNQ1 helix C showed decreased current density and depolarizing shift of channel activation, mainly arising from impaired phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) modulation. In KCNE1 distal C-terminus, the LQT mutation P127T suppressed yotiao-dependent cAMP-mediated upregulation of IKS current, which was caused by reduced KCNQ1 phosphorylation at serine-27. Thus, KCNQ1 helix C is important for channel modulation by PIP2, while KCNE1 distal C-terminus appears essential for IKS regulation by yotiao-mediated PKA phosphorylation.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana
Authors: HADIWIYONO HADIWIYONO , WIDADA JAKA , SUBANDIYAH SITI , FEGAN MARK
Published: July 2014

Hadiwiyono, Widada J, Subandiyah S, Fegan F (2011).Â Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana.Â iodiversitas 12: 12-16. Blood disease bacterium (BDB) is the mostÂ important pathogen of bananas in Indonesia. In some field, the disease incidence reaches over 80%. Epidemiologically, the disease isÂ similar to Moko disease in South America and Bugtok disease in the Philippines caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2. However,Â BDB is different in phenotype and genotype from the two diseases. Previously BDB was limited in South Sulawesi since 1920s â€“ 1980sÂ and recently was reported in 27 of 30 provinces in Indonesia. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PEGE) is a genomic DNAÂ fingerprinting method, which employs rare cutting restriction endonucleases to digest genome prior to electrophoresis using specializedÂ condition to separate of large DNA fragments. The results showed that PFGE analysis was a discriminative tool to study the geneticÂ diversity of BDB. Based on the PFGE analysis, BDB isolates obtained from different localities in Yogyakarta and Central Java wereÂ quit diverse.
Infection of Anisakis sp. larvae in some marine fishes from the southern coast of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
Authors: SETYOBUDI EKO , SOEPARNO SOEPARNO , HELMIATI SENNY
Published: July 2014

Setyobudi E, Soeparno, Helmiati S (2011) Infection of Anisakis sp. larvae in some marine fishes from the southern coast of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Biodiversitas 12: 34-37. The prevalence, intensity and distribution of Anisakis sp. larvae which infected some fishes at the southern coast of Kulon Progo District were investigated. Totally 95 fish specimens were collected during December 2007. Results of the present study indicated that the Anisakis sp. larvae infected various fish species i.e: Trichiurus lepturus, Parupeneus sp., Lutjanusmalabaricus, Terapon jarbua and Caesio sp. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection showed the differences between fish species. The highest mean intensity of infection was found in L. malabaricus (7.71 larvae/infected host) and T. Lepturus (3.18 larvae/infected host), while the lowest intensity of infection was found in Parupeneus sp., T. jarbua and Caesio sp. (1 larvae/infected host). Infected host organs were body cavities (peritoneum), digestive tract, gonads, and liver. Presence of this parasite may be harmful for consumer; however it can be used for several ecological studies as biological tags.Key words: Anisakis sp., infection, southern coast of Kulon Progo District.
A model of relationship between climate and soil factors related to oxalate content in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) corm
Authors: INDRIYANI SERAFINAH , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG , WARDIYATI TATIK , PURNOBASUKI HERY
Published: July 2014

Indriyani S, Arisoesilaningsih E, Wardiyati T, Purnobasuki H (2011) A model of relationship between climate and soil factors related to oxalate content in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) corm. Biodiversitas 12: 45-51. The abiotic environment as well as the biotic environment, involved climate and soil affect directly or indirectly to plant growth as well as plant substance. The objective of the research was to obtain a model of relationship between climate and soil factors related to oxalate content in porang corm. Porang corms were collected from five locations of porang agroforestry in East Java. The locations were (i) Klangon Village, Saradan Subdistrict, Madiun District; (ii) Klino Villlage, Sekar Subdistrict, Bojonegoro District; (iii) Bendoasri Village, Rejoso Subdistrict, Nganjuk District;(iv) Sugihwaras Village, Nggluyu Subdistrict, Nganjuk District and (v) Kalirejo Village, Kalipare Subdistrict, Malang District.Geography variable consist of altitude. Climate variables consist of percentage of radiation, temperature and rainfall. Soil variables consist of electrical conductivity, pH, soil specific gravity, soil organic matter, available of calcium, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Vegetation variables consist of species of plant tree and percentage of coverage. Porang vegetative growth variables consist of plant height, number of bulbil, canopy diameter, and petiole diameter. Corm variables consist of corm diameter, corm weight, and corm specific gravity. Oxalate variables consist of total oxalate, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate, and density of calcium oxalate crystal.Oxalate contents were measured based on AOAC method. All of variables were collected from first to fourth growth period of porang. Data were analyzed by smartPLS (Partial Least Square) software. The results showed that there were significantly direct effect between altitude and temperature, altitude and CEC of soil, temperature and CEC of soil, altitude and percentage of coverage, temperature and percentage of coverage, CEC of soil and percentage of coverage, CEC of soil and petiole diameter, petiole diameter and corm diameter, and petiole diameter and corm oxalate content. There were no significantly direct effect among altitude, temperature, percentage of coverage and petiole diameter; and among corm total oxalate, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate, and density of calcium oxalate crystal and corm diameter. The value of Goodness of Fit of the developing model was RÂ²=0.99.Key words: corm, climate, model, oxalate, smartPLS, porang, soil.
Polymorphic sequence in the ND3 region of Java endemic Ploceidae birds mitochondrial DNA
Authors: SUSANTI R.
Published: July 2014

Susanti R (2011) Polymorphic sequence in the ND3 region of Java endemic Ploceidae birds mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 12: 70- 75. As part of biodiversity, Ploceidae bird family must be kept away from extinction and degradation of gene-diversity. This research was aimed to analyze ND3 gene from mitochondrial DNA of Java Island endemic of Ploceidae bird. Each species of Ploceidae birds family was identified based on their morphological character, then the blood sample was taken from the birds nail vein. DNA was isolated from blood using Dixit method. Fragment of ND3 gene was amplified using PCR method with specific primer pairs and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer. Multiple alignment of ND3 nucleotide sequences were analyzed using ClustalW of MEGA-3.1 program. Estimation of genetic distance and phylogenetic tree construction were analyzed with Neighbor-Joining method and calculation of distance matrix with Kimura 2 â€“parameter. The result of Java Island endemic of Ploceidaebird family exploration showed that Erythrura hyperythra and Lonchura ferruginosa can not be found anymore in nature, but the Lonchura malacca that are not actually Java island endemic was also found. Nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial ND3 gene of Ploceidae bird family showed a quite high polymorphism, with 122 substitutions from 334 nucleotides analyzed. Phylogenetic tree of nucleotide sequence of Ploceidae bird family formed 2 clusters. One cluster consisted of the Ploceus hypoxanthus, Ploceus philippinus, Ploceus manyar and Passer montanus, and the others species were included in the second cluster. ND3 gene sequence data from this Ploceidae family need to be analyzed further to see possible relationship with a particular phenotype.
Status and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its role in natural regeneration on limestone mined spoils
Authors: SINGH ANUJ KUMAR , JAMALUDDIN JAMALUDDIN
Published: July 2014

Singh AK, Jamaluddin (2011) Status and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its role in natural regeneration on limestone mined spoils. Biodiversitas 12: 107-111. Limestone mined spoils are devoid of adequate population of beneficial microbial flora. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are very important constituent of plant- soil-microbe system. In mined spoils the population of AMF is greatly reduced and hence the spoils become very inhospitable for establishment of vegetation. In the present investigation, status of AMF population and its effect on natural regeneration process is studied. It is well known fact that the arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi play very important role in establishment of vegetation in degraded lands. Plantation of seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide favorable soil conditions for naturally growing vegetation in the mined overburden spoils. Physico-chemical properties of soil are converted suitable for planted species and thus it allows other species to grow and also provide shade to protect the herbaceous vegetation. Introduction of plant species attracts immigration of other species and if they established, may result into a very distinctive floral cover on disturbed lands. Thus, invasion of native plant species along with planted species may play a significant role in increasing the plant diversity on mined spoils.
Review: Recent status of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) research in Nusantara
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2014

Setyawan AD. 2011. Recent status of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) research in Nusantara. Biodiversitas 12: 112-124. Selaginella Pal. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae Reichb.) is a cosmopolitan genus that grows in tropical and temperate regions. Some species of Selaginella have widely distribution and tend to be invasive, but the others are endemics or even, according to IUCN criteria, endangered. Nusantara or Malesia (Malay Archipelago) is the most complex biogeographic region and rich in biodiversity. It is one of the biodiversity hotspotof Selaginella, whereas about 200 species of 700-750 species are exist. Selaginella has been survived for 440 mya without any significant morphological modification, but extinction of tree-shaped species. Selaginella have similar morphological characteristics, particularly having heterospore form and loose strobili; and is classified as one genus and one family. However, individual species has high morphological variation caused by different edaphic and climatic factors. Genetic studies indicate high polymorphism among Selaginella species. Selaginella had been used as complementary and alternative medicines treated to postpartum, menstrual disorder, wound, etc. Biflavonoid â€“ the main secondary metabolites â€“ gives this benefit and is especially used as anti oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti cancer in modern pharmaceutical industry. The other metabolites, trehalose, potentially act as molecular stabilizer in biological based industry. Metabolite profiles can also be used to identify Selaginella by its species, time and harvest age, and locations. Since most of Selaginella grows on moist, organically rich, and well drained soils, which is vulnerable to forest degradation and global warming, it needs more conservation priority. Biosystematics and ethnobotanical researches of Nusantara Selaginella is needed to expand taxonomic status and bioprospecting of this bioresources.
Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallacea Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: SHAHABUDDIN SHAHABUDDIN
Published: July 2014

Shahabuddin (2011) Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallacea Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12: 177-181. The deforestation of tropical forests and their subsequent conversion to humandominated land-use systems is one of the most significant causes of biodiversity loss. However clear understanding of the links between ecological functions and biodiversity is needed to evaluate and predict the true environmental consequences of human activities. Thisstudy provided experimental evidence comparing ecosystem function of dung beetles across a land use gradient ranging from natural tropical forest and agroforestry systems to open cultivated areas in Central Sulawesi. Therefore, standardized dung pats were exposed at each land-use type to assess dung removal and parasite suppression activity by dung beetles. The results showed that ecosystem function of dung beetles especially dung burial activity was remarkably disrupted by land use changes from natural forest to open agriculturalarea. Dung beetles presence enhanced about 53% of the total dung removed and reduced about 83% and 63% of fly population and species number respectively, indicating a pronounce contribution of dung beetles in our ecosystem.
Leaf endophytic fungi of chili (Capsicum annuum) and their role in the protection against Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: HERNAWATI HENY , WIYONO SURYO , SANTOSO SUGENG
Published: July 2014

Hernawati H, Wiyono S, Santoso S (2011) Leaf endophytic fungi of chili (Capsicum annuum) and their role in the protection against Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae). Biodiversitas 12: 187-191. The objectives of the research were to study the diversity of leaf endophytic fungi of chili, and investigate its potency in protecting host plants against Aphis gossypii Glov. Endophytic fungi were isolated from chili leaves with two categories: aphid infested plants and aphid-free plants, collected from farmerâ€™s field in Bogor, West Java. Abundance of each fungal species from leave samples was determined by calculating frequency of isolation. The isolated fungi were tested on population growth of A. gossypii. The fungal isolates showed suppressing effect in population growth test, was further tested on biology attributes i.e. life cycle, fecundity and body length. Five species of leaf endophytic fungi of chili were found i.e.Aspergillus flavus, Nigrospora sp., Coniothyrium sp., and SH1 (sterile hypha 1), SH2 (sterile hypha 2). Even though the number of endophytic fungi species in aphid-free and aphid-infested plant was same, the abundance of each species was different. Nigrospora sp., sterile hyphae 1 and sterile hyphae 2 was more abundant in aphid-free plants, but there was no difference in dominance of Aspergillus flavus and Coniothyrium sp. Nigrospora sp., SH1 and SH2 treatment reduced significantly fecundity of A. gossypii. Only SH2 treatment significantly prolonged life cycle and suppress body length, therefore the fungus had the strongest suppressing effect on populationgrowth among fungi tested. The abundance and dominance of endophytic fungal species has relation with the infestation of A. gossypii in the field.
Establishing a long-term permanent plot in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Garden, West Java
Authors: MUTAQIEN ZAENAL , ZUHRI MUSYAROFAH
Published: July 2014

Mutaqien Z, Zuhri M (2011) Establishing a long-term permanent plot in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Garden, West Java. Biodiversitas 12: 218-224. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) has unique characters; almost 10% of which is forested area adjacent to the natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park. The area is a transition between natural forest and artificial habitat which mostly consists of exotic plant species. The permanent plot in CBG was established in 2007-2009. Two hundred and eighty four units of 10x10 square meters sub-plot were established in four locations, i.e. Wornojiwo, Kompos, Jalan Akar, and Lumut forest. Vegetation analyses were conducted for trees, saplings, shrubs, and herb species. The inventory found 137 species plants consisting of 74 tree speciesdominated by Villebrunea rubescens (Bl.) Bl. and Ostodes paniculata Bl., 30 shrub species dominated by Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.), 24 herb species dominated by Cyrtandra picta Bl., 6 fern species mainly consisted of Diplazium pallidum Moore, and 3 climber species dominated by Calamus reinwardtii Mart. In comparison with the natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park, the CBG permanent plot showed a good representative of the vegetation of lower montane forest. A regular monitoring during the successive years is needed to maintain diversity, monitor forest dynamics and anticipate the spread of invasive plant from CBG.
Analysis of epiphytic orchid diversity and its host tree at three gradient of altitudes in Mount Lawu, Java
Authors: YULIA NINA DWI , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , YULISTYARINI TITUT
Published: July 2014

Yulia ND, Budiharta S, Yulistyarini T (2011) Analysis of epiphytic orchid diversity and its host tree at three gradient of altitudes in Mount Lawu, Java. Biodiversitas 12: 225-228. The aim of this study was to observe epiphytic orchid diversity and their host trees at three different altitudes (1796, 1922 and 2041 m asl.) at southern part of Mount Lawu, District of Magetan, East Java. Line transect of 10 x 100 m was set up and then divided into ten plots (as replicates) of 10 x 10 m. At each plot, species name and number of individual of epiphytic orchids, and species name, number of individual and diameter at breast height (dbh) of host trees were recorded. The result showed that there were 19 species of epiphytic orchid recorded at the study sites. There were significantly different among gradient altitude in number of epiphytic orchid species (F = 3.7; df = (2, 27); P < 0.05). The highest number of species of epiphytic orchid was recorded at the altitude of 1922 m asl. (6.6 species/100 m2) while the highest number of individual was recorded at the altitude of 1796 m asl. (1337.7 individuals/100 m2). The study site at altitude of 1922 m asl. was recognized as the denser and richer in species of host trees (2.3 species/100 m2 and 3.5 individuals/100 m2 respectively). However, the highest basal area of host tree was recorded at the altitude of 2041 m asl. (4558 cm2/100 m2).
Community-based sustainable rattan conservation: a case study in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi
Authors: HAMZARI HAMZARI
Published: July 2014

Hamzari (2011) Community-based sustainable rattan conservation; a case study in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. Biodiversitas 12: 241-245. The following research study focused on community-based rattan conservation and was conducted in a community located in the buffer zone of Lore Lindu National Park. The aims of the study were to generate a model for communitybased rattan conservation and estimate the economic value of rattan management for the community. The results were expected to provide justification for the development of rattan management systems and strategies. The research was conducted using a combination of community education and evaluation of educational outputs. As a result, the research may be characterized as descriptive experimentation with a participative approach of andragogy. Data was collected through the employment of questionnaires, interviews, PRAs, and FGD techniques. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on result of analysis, inferential that community asses the effort of rattan conservation as a positive effort and its development requires additional support. The community has a desire to conduct efforts of rattan conservation continuously. The forms of rattan conservation that can be developed are rattan cultivation and selective rattan harvesting. The research developed conservation models in collaboration with rattan farming groups and involving community forestry approaches.
Estradiol-17Î² hormone concentration and follicles number in exotic Burgo chicken supplemented by Sauropus androgynus leaves extract
Authors: PUTRANTO HERI DWI , SETIANTO JOHAN , SANTOSO URIP , WARNOTO WARNOTO , NURMELIASARI NURMELIASARI , ZUENI AHMAD
Published: July 2014

Putranto HD, Setianto J, Santoso U, Warnoto, Nurmeliasari, Zueni A. 2012. Estradiol-17Î² hormone concentration andfollicles number in exotic Burgo chicken supplemented by Sauropus androgynus leaves extract. Biodiversitas 13: 1-6. Bengkulu Province of Indonesia has an indigenous crossbreed chicken named burgo or Rejang chicken. A conservation effort in this study was represented by supplementing 4 different levels of Sauropus androgynus or katuk leaves extract (KLE) to improve number of fertile eggs. The purpose of study was to identify the effects of KLE supplementation on female burgo chickenâ€™s serum estradiol-17Î² (E2) hormone concentration profile and number of follicles. KLE was added into drinking water (0, 9, 18 and 27 g/chicken/day) during 8 weeks of treatment. The results showed that supplementation of KLE dosed 9 to 27 g/chickens/day had significantly affected E2concentrations and number of follicles (P < 0.05). In contrast, the average of female burgo E2 concentration with supplemented KLE was higher than control group. The total number of small follicle yield was highest (86.5%) compared to medium follicle (7.8%) and large follicle (5.3%). Many primary follicles (primordial) and post ovulatory follicles were probably in micro size and unseen by an usual visual counting. It seems that serum E2 hormone concentration correlated to total number of preheararchal follicles. Supplemented KLE was able to improve the serum estrogen steroid hormone concentration and number of preheararchal follicle (small and medium follicles) in female burgo chicken.
Age-specific life table of swallowtail butterfly Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons
Authors: SUWARNO SUWARNO
Published: July 2014

Suwarno. 2012. Age-specific life table of swallowtail butterfly Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons. Biodiversitas 13: 28-33. Age-specific life table of Papilio demoleus L. in dry and wet seasons was investigated in the Tasek Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Development of P. demoleus was observed from January to March 2006 (dry season, DS), April to July 2006 (secondary wet season, SWS), and October to December 2006 (primary wet season, PWS). Survivorship of P. demoleus in the DS was lower than in the SWS and in the PWS. The mortality (qx) of the fifth instar larvae P. demoleus in all seasons was higher than in other stages. Predators, parasitoids, and rainfall were the most important factors of mortality in immature stages of P. demoleus. Predators caused the highest mortality in all stages of P. demoleus, except the pupal stage. Predation in the DS (94.39%) was higher than in the SWS (90.88%) and PWS (84.04%) but no significantly different among the seasons. Meanwhile there was significantly different of mortality caused by parasitoids and the rain among the seasons. Spiders were the important mortality agent in the eggs and young larvae, meanwhile in the older larvae were S. dichotomus and Podisus sp. Ooencyrtus papilioni and Pteromalus puparum were theimportant parasitoids for the eggs and pupae of P. demoleus, respectively. In summary, the season influenced the survivorship of P. demoleus in citrus plantation. P. demoleus had the highest survival in the wet primary season (PWS), while the lowest survival was observed in the dry season (DS).