bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Analysis of the Occurrence of Tick-borne Diseases at the Independent Public Health Care Facility in Bielsk Podlaski
Authors: Snarska Katarzyna , Chmur Ewa , Dolińska Cecylia
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Ticks can infect people with numerous pathogens causing various infectious (viral, bacterial) or invasive (parasitic, fungal) diseases.Aim. The main objective of the present work included the epidemiologic analysis of the occurrence of tick-borne diseases at the Independent Public Health Care Facility in Bielsk Podlaski.Material and Methods. An analysis of medical documentation stored in the hospital’s IT database of patients hospitalized in 2016, 2017 and 2018 was performed. Sixty-six patients admitted to the Observation and Infectious Disease Ward diagnosed with tick-borne diseases, were qualified for the study.Results. Analysis of the data showed that Lyme disease was diagnosed most often. It affected mainly middle-aged and elderly men. The second most-often diagnosed illness was TBM characterized by its seasonality. No other tick-transmitted diseases were recorded. Although not all patients were aware of having been bitten by a tick, their symptoms allowed the diagnosis of tick-related illnesses. After treatment relevant to each ailment all patients were discharged in a good state of health.Conclusions. The completed retrospective analysis of the documentation of hospitalized patients shows consistency with the work of other authors both with respect to the frequency of tick-borne disease diagnoses and the most often reported symptoms. It also confirms an upward trend with respect to tick-borne disease hospitalizations. (JNNN 2020;9(2):51–58)
Postgraduate Education of Neurological Nurses — Preliminary Reports
Authors: Ślusarz Robert , Filipska Karolina
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Postgraduate education for nurses is an integral part of professional development. Currently, in accordance with the legislation in force in Poland, a neurological nurse may improve their profession as part of self-education or as part of organized forms and types of postgraduate education by undergoing various specialized training, acquiring professional skills in the narrower fields of nursing or providing specific health services.Aim. The aim of the research was to analyse the postgraduate education of neurological nurses.Material and Methods. The research was conducted on a group of 128 nurses employed in 9 neurological centres in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Włocławek, Grudziądz, Świecie, Lipno). Postgraduate education was assessed by means of a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire survey technique.Results. It was shown that there are statistically significant differences between the age, experience and education of the respondents and the preferred form of education (p < 0.05) and awarding educational points for training (p < 0.05). It was also found that age and seniority in the neurology department differentiated the form of financing training (p < 0.05). Additionally, seniority is a factor that significantly differentiates the thematic specificity of the training (p < 0.05).Conclusions. The most popular form of postgraduate education is specialization and a specialist course. An important form of training is also participation in a conference/symposium. The vast majority of respondents stated that their trainings are financed by their own/private funds. It was found that the respondents lacked knowledge about training specific to neurological nurses, with the simultaneous need for such training. Among the difficulties/problems related to professional development, the most frequently indicated were the lack of time for training and difficulties with its financing. Almost half of the respondents expect to receive education/credit points for education. (JNNN 2020;9(2):71–75)
ME/CFS in Adolescents — Study Review
Authors: Szrajda Justyna
Published: March 2021

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also called myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a condition characterized by long-term fatigue that is not significantly alleviated during rest and is not caused by previous medical conditions or continuous exercise. Symptoms are quite diverse, but not specific to this disease entity. The most common are: concentration and memory problems, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, sleep disturbances, headache. Moreover, autonomic nervous system functioning and post-exertional malaise examination is considered to be important in diagnosis of adolescent patients with ME/CFS. The presented analysis of research shows that adolescents with ME/CFS urge to be understood and believed regarding an illness that few understood. Continuing education and remaining the social activity in young ME/CFS patients seems to be crucial in maintaining quality of life. ME/CFS in adolescents might lead to significant problems related to the school absenteeism, poorer quality of life at school, school and academic achievement compared to healthy adolescents. Anxiety might co-occur with ME/CFS in adolescents. Supportive therapy for comorbidities could be considered, if needed. However, there is no established effective treatment for ME/CFS, for which there is urgent need. (JNNN 2020;9(2):76–79)
The Impact of Apathetic Disorders on the Quality of Life of Patients after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zielińska Jolanta , Zieliński Marek , Ślusarz Robert
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Strokes often cause dysfunctions in the reception and transmission of speech, which may be aphasia or dysarthria. These disorders can lead to disability, which imposes limitations on the patient, even leads to a complete breakdown of roles and social bonds.Aim. The main aim of the study was to assess the impact of the type and degree of apathetic disorders on the quality of life of patients after ischemic stroke.Material and Methods. The research was carried out at the Neurological Department of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek. On average 68 patients with apathetic disorders and diagnosed ischemic stroke were qualified for the study. The study was conducted using the method of diagnostic survey. It consisted in the assessment of patients using the generally available SODA diagnostic tool — the Aphasia Dynamics Assessment Scale and a standardized tool, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire by Krystyna Jaracz.Results. When assessing the impact of the degree of aphasia on the quality of life, a statistically significant difference was observed in the overall quality of life in patients with complete (p = 0.012), significant (p = 0.012) and moderate (p = 0.031) aphasia. In self-assessment of health status, a statistically significant difference was found only in patients with complete aphasia (p = 0.048). In the physical, psychological and environmental domains, a statistically significant differences was observed in patients with severe aphasia (p = 0.05).Conclusions. The type and degree of apathetic disorders has been shown to affect the quality of life of patients. Each type of aphasia worsens the overall quality of life, and in addition, motor and sensory aphasia negatively affects functioning in the psychological field. It has also been shown that the more advanced the degree of apathetic disorders, the worse the overall quality of life, self-esteem of health, and worse physical, psychological and environmental functioning. (JNNN 2020;9(3):108–113)
Quality of Life and its Predictors Among Neurosurgical Patients — Systematic Review of Research
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Filipska Karolina , Wiśniewski Adam ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Królikowska Agnieszka ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Jabłońska Renata ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Haor Beata ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Szewczyk Maria ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Ślusarz Robert ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
Published: March 2021

Quality of life is an important aspect in the fields of medicine and health sciences. It is presented as a complex concept. Therefore, it is presented in various ways. Its interpretation and definition depends mainly on the discipline and area of study. Very often, the quality of life is also defined in the context of the well-being that a person experiences during his life. It depends on the state of health. It can take into account a wide variety of problems, because neurological diseases bring about such unwanted effects as pain, the need for medical and rehabilitation stays, social isolation, and one of the worst consequences, i.e. shortening life expectancy. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on the quality of life among neurological patients. The results obtained from the conducted and continued research on large groups of patients could constitute a specific compendium of knowledge about the situation of patients, their needs and the perceived quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present research on the assessment of quality of life and its predictors among neurological patients. (JNNN 2020;9(3): 114–118) Key Words: neurology disease, patients, predictors, quality of life
The Level of Knowledge of Nurses in Surgical Departments about the Occurrence of Stroke in Patients in the Postoperative Period
Authors:   University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, Rucińska Agnieszka , Skrzypek-Czerko Marcelina ,   Medical University of Gdańsk, Roszmann Anna ,   Medical University of Gdańsk, Piotrkowska Renata ,   Medical University of Gdańsk
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Each year 80 000 Poles are suffering from stroke. The most common risk factors are hypertension, diabetes and complications, hyperlipidemia, obesity, atrial fibrillation. Lifestyle modification, such as diseases controlling, diet changing, exercises, stop smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are known as stroke prevention. Thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy definitely increase long-term survival and prognosis. Aim. Objective of the work is assessment of surgical nurses knowledge level about postoperative stroke. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on a group of 55 randomly chosen surgical nurses. The diagnostic survey method with a proprietary questionnaire was used for the research. Results. Nurses knowledge was poor. Education and age affect to answers. Higher education qualification nurses have higher knowledge level relative to less educated nurses. Younger nurses have higher knowledge level than older nurses. Conclusions. Cardiosurgery and vascular surgery are charged as the most risk onset postoperative stroke. Knowledge of surgical nurses about risk factors, prevention, symptom, complications and procedures in case of stroke onset have particular meaning in postoperative caring. (JNNN 2020;9(4):138–144) Key Words: knowledge, nursing care, postoperative period, stroke
INCLUSIÓN FINANCEIRA: DIAGNÓSTICO DA SITUACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA E O CARIBE
Authors: ORTIZ MONTES Sonia , NÚÑEZ TABALES Julia M.
Published: March 2021

Nos últimos anos multiplicáronse os esforzos a nivel mundial por favorecer o acceso aosservizos financeiros especialmente en determinados países e para determinadoscolectivos, incrementándose o interese pola construción de sistemas financeirosincluíntes.Neste trabajo analízase a inclusión financeira, estudando as súas diferentes dimensións, osbeneficios que comporta, o seu carácter prioritario nos últimos tempos para multitude deorganismos e os obstáculos ao seu desenvolvemento. Concretamente, centrouse aatención na súa evolución na rexión de América Latina e o Caribe, comprobándose que, enxeral, trátase dunha rexión cun acceso ao sistema financeiro en desenvolvemento e no quepersisten aínda desigualdades no ámbito social. Porén, albíscase un potencial significativode mellora froito especialmente da evolución tecnolóxica e do esforzo dos organismosimplicados.In the past years global efforts to increase access to financial services have beenmultiplied especially in certain countries and for certain groups, growing the interest inthe construction of financial inclusive systems.The financial inclusion is analyzed, studying their different dimensions, its benefits, itspriority character in recent times for many institutions and the obstacles to itsdevelopment. In particular, attention has focused on its evolution in the region of LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, proving that, in general it is a region with access to thedeveloping financial system and in which inequalities in the social sphere still exist.However, a significant potential for improvement is emerging, especially as a result of thetechnological evolution and the effort of the institutions involved.
Firm Growth: A review of the empirical literature
Authors: Vaz Rolando
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is to review and unify the empirical literature that identifies the determining factors for firm growth. A list of 165 articles forms the backbone of the present review of the empirical literature on firm growth. Based on this review, we provide a synthesis of numerous determinant factors associated with firm growth. Specifically, we enumerate and detail the determining factors in three blocks: entrepreneur’s idiosyncratic features, firm’s internal factors, and factors external to the firm. The work provides a better understanding of the complex process of growth, shows the shortcomings in empirical research on the growth of the firm and presents directions for future research.
Family and Child Risk Factors for Early-Life RSV Illness
Authors: Fitzpatrick Tiffany , McNally J. Dayre , Stukel Thérèse A. , Lu Hong , Fisman David , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Guttmann Astrid
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Most infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do not meet common “high-risk” criteria and are otherwise healthy. The objective of this study was to quantify the risks and relative importance of socioeconomic factors for severe, early-life RSV-related illness. We hypothesized several of these factors, particularly those indicating severe social vulnerability, would have statistically significant associations with increased RSV hospitalization rates and may offer impactful targets for population-based RSV prevention strategies, such as prophylaxis programs.

METHODS:

We used linked health, laboratory, and sociodemographic administrative data for all children born in Ontario (2012–2018) to identify all RSV-related hospitalizations occurring before the third birthday or end of follow-up (March 31, 2019). We estimated rate ratios and population attributable fractions using a fully adjusted model.

RESULTS:

A total of 11 782 RSV-related hospitalizations were identified among 789 484 children. Multiple socioeconomic factors were independently associated with increased RSV-related admissions, including young maternal age, maternal criminal involvement, and maternal history of serious mental health and/or addiction concerns. For example, an estimated 4.1% (95% confidence interval: 2.2 to 5.9) of RSV-related admissions could be prevented by eliminating the increased admissions risks among children whose mothers used welfare-based drug insurance. Notably, 41.6% (95% confidence interval: 39.6 to 43.5) of admissions may be prevented by targeting older siblings (eg, through vaccination).

CONCLUSIONS:

Many social factors were independently associated with early-life RSV-related hospitalization. Existing RSV prophylaxis and emerging vaccination programs should consider the importance of both clinical and social risk factors when determining eligibility and promoting compliance.
Quality of Service in Software Defined Networks for Scientific Applications: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Lozano-Rizk Jose Eleno , Rivera-Rodriguez Raul , Nieto-Hipólito Juan Iván , Villarreal-Reyes Salvador , Galaviz-Mosqueda Alejandro , Vazquez-Briseno Mabel
Published: March 2021

Scientific applications require to process, analyze and transfer large volumes of data in the shortest possible time from distributed data sources. In order to improve their performance, it is necessary to provide them with specific QoS parameters. On the other hand, SDN is presented as a new paradigm of communications networks that facilitates the management of the communications infrastructure and consequently allows to dynamically incorporate QoS parameters to the applications running in this type of network. With both these paradigms in mind, we conducted this research to answer the following questions: Do scientific applications that are running in an SDN-Enabled distributed data centers improve their performance? Do they consider network QoS parameters for job scheduling? The methodology used was to consult articles in specialized databases containing the keywords SDN and for scientific applications: HPC and Big Data. Then, we analyzed the articles where these keywords intersect with some of the parameters related to QoS in communications networks. Also, we reviewed QoS proposals in SDN to identify the advances in this research area. The results of this paper are: i) QoS is an open issue to incorporate in scientific applications that are running in an SDN ii) we identified the challenges to join both these paradigms, and iii) we present a strategy to provide QoS to scientific applications that are being executed among SDN-Enabled distributed data centers.
Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer in Polen und in Deutschland. Konstruktionselemente der Steuer: Steuerpflichtiger, Steuergegenstand, unbeschränkte und beschränkte Steuerpflicht, Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer bei Nacherbfolge. Erster Teil
Authors:   Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny, Warszawa, Polska, Babiarz Stefan
Published: March 2021

The following conclusions can be drawn from a comparison of the structural elements of the tax structure in the Polish and German Acts on the tax on inheritance and donations: – there are no significant differences in the design of the taxpayer and the object of taxation (and the existing ones are related to different civil law solutions – donation in case of death, agreement as to succession), – the difference is in the taxation of subsequent succession, not provided for in the Polish civil law, and in the taxation of specific bequest, unknown in the German law, – the tax point is determined differently, as the German Act already taxes the due revenue (legitim), However, the German Act provides less favourable solutions for taxpayers in terms of e.g. the subject and object of taxation. It is, therefore, considered to be restrictive for taxpayers.
Złożenie oraz uzupełnienie oświadczeń lub dokumentów przez wykonawcę w zamówieniach publicznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Poprawa Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The following study is an introduction to the issues of submission and supplementing by the contractors (including self-submission and self-completion) of declarations and documents in public procurement proceedings conducted under an open tender in accordance with the Public Procurement Law. Due to the lack of precise legal regulations, the issue of submitting and supplementing statements and documents encounters different interpretations and difficulties in applying. The subject of these considerations is an attempt to answer the question whether the contractor can effectively, independently, without requesting by the contracting authority, submit and supplement the statements or documents required in the proceedings confirming the circumstances referred to in art. 25 § 1 of Public Procurement Law and the consequences this will have for the contractor and the contracting authority. The author presents examples of circumstances, the occurrence of which gives rise to interpretation problems, and the consequences of making incorrect decisions by the contracting authority. It also presents a model of conduct in accordance with the applicable law, based on the contracting authority's obligations, the fulfillment of which is a statutory obligation.
Ewolucja pojęcia niepełnosprawności na gruncie prawa polskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Skóra Michał
Published: March 2021

Disability is one of the greatest problems of modern society. It is a multidimensional phenomenon, as evidenced by numerous classifications and definitions of disability, created by representatives of various fields of science. The medical and social model of disability is adopted in the literature. Analyzing legal regulations, it should be stated that the social model of disability prevails, i.e. limitations concerning disabled people and their ability to function in society. The author describes the definition of disability on the basis of national legislation.
Prawne aspekty badań klinicznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Syroka-Marczewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

Clinical trials must be conducted in a way which is in line with the primary principle that clinical trial participants’ rights, safety, health, and welfare override the interest of science and society. The subject matter of the present study is an analysis of the provisions of the criminal law concerning clinical trials, in particular Art. 126 a of the Act of 6 September 2001 – Pharmaceutical Law (Dz.U. 2019, Item 499, 399) and Art. 27 of the Criminal Code. In my view, the criminal aspects of pharmaceutical law are not sufficiently stressed in the ongoing scientific discourse.
Blaski i cienie wykonywania zawodu optometrysty w Polsce, czyli o statusie nieuregulowanego zawodu medycznego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Wierzbicka Karolina
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to attempt to assess the legal status of the optometrist profession in Poland. The publication will address the issue of determining the definition of this profession, the history of development of this field in Poland and discussing applicable legal regulations and entities acting to regulate the profession of optometrist in Poland.
Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer in Polen und in Deutschland. Konstruktionselemente der Steuer: Steuerpflicht, Besteuerungsgrundlage, Steuerbefreiungen, Stundung und Erlass der Steuer, Steuerklassen, Freibeträge, Instrumentalpflichten. Zweiter Teil
Authors:   Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny, Warszawa, Polska, Babiarz Stefan
Published: March 2021

From the comparison of the structural elements of the tax structure, the Polish and German inheritance and donation tax acts, the following conclusions can be drawn: – the German law – unlike the Polish law – allows for the recognition of inheritance and donation tax paid by a German citizen abroad at the taxpayer’s request, – the German act provides for an earlier tax point in the case of acquisition by inheritance than in Poland – it is the moment of opening the inheritance, – German law does not provide for the institution of re-emergence of the tax obligation, – in the German act, there is no broad subjective exemption, as in the Polish one, and in the case of the acquisition of an enterprise (current assets), it does not always provide for a full exemption, and the conditions for the exemption are stricter than in the Polish one, – in the German Act on inheritance and donation tax in a different way, considering not only classification to the tax group, thresholds for tax-free amounts have been defined, – the exemption of pension assets is provided for in the German law, and not, as in the Polish solution, in the Personal Income Tax Act, – the German Act on Inheritance and Donation Tax provides for different legal institutions that do not exist in the Polish law, such as deferral or remission of tax, – instrumental obligations have been regulated differently in both acts, it seems that the German law is not as strict in this respect as the Polish one, and the tax declaration and tax declaration in the German act do not mean the same legal institutions as in the Polish act. Generally speaking, however, beneficial for taxpayers of inheritance and donation tax in Poland is a solution that covers all (in principle) cases of free acquisition of property and property rights.
Uregulowania prawne nadzoru nad pomocą publiczną
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Wiklański Bartłomiej
Published: March 2021

The author discusses the issues of supervision performed by authorized state administration bodies and European Union bodies regarding state aid. For this purpose, an analysis of legal acts, jurisprudence and doctrine was carried out, at national and EU level in the context of capturing mechanisms that have a determining influence on the subject matter. Teleinformation systems related to the registration processes of the aid granted will also be presented.
Zdolność aportowa w ujęciu komparatystycznym. Polskie, duńskie, francuskie i niemieckie prawo spółek a pozycja prawna aportu
Authors:   Aplikant Radcowski OIRP w Warszawie, Polska, Wyszyński Filip
Published: March 2021

In the article I raise the issue of contribution in-kind in the comparative sense. I pay attention to the regulations in Polish legislation. I consider them initial for deliberation. I also focus on Danish, French and German corporate law. In the age of fast and modern turnover the current model of shape of contribution in-kind in limited companies may seem worth considering or, at least, being compared to regulations applied in other countries.
Czy budynek można uznać za budowlę w rozumieniu ustawy o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych? Glosa krytyczna do wyroku NSA z dnia 8 maja 2018 r., sygn. II FSK 1162/16
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Bobrus-Nowińska Ewelina
Published: March 2021

For correct implementation of the real estate tax, it is essential to properly qualify the object as a building or a structure. Currently, we are dealing with a precedent situation when the NSA and TK occupy opposite positions on this topic. The NSA indicates the factors, i.e. the purpose, equipment and the manner and possibilities of using this object as a whole. The Constitutional Tribunal emphasizes that the qualification of an object is determined solely by the features indicated directly in the provisions of the Act. It seems that in this case the only correct solution is to accept the position of the Constitutional Tribunal, according to which the language interpretation is decisive for the subject matter. As a result – an object can not be a building and a structure for the purposes of property tax, as they are separable definitions.
Możliwość prywatnej rejestracji przebiegu posiedzenia sądowego jako przejaw realizacji zasady jawności wewnętrznej w postępowaniu cywilnym. Uwagi w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego dokonanej ustawą z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Cis Barbara
Published: March 2021

The possibility of private recording of the course of court hearings and other judicial acts performed with the participation of the parties or participants in proceedings despite its seemingly technical dimension is an important element of the openness of civil proceedings in its internal aspect and significantly implements the right to a fair trial guaranteed not only by the Polish Constitution but also by acts of international law. By the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts (Journal of Laws of 2019, Item 1469, as amended), the legislator repealed the article 162 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure which had been added to the Code of Civil Procedure by the Act of 10 July 2015 amending the acts – Civil Code, Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts (Dz.U. 2015, Item 1311, as amended). The abovementioned regulation has been replaced by the added regulation of article 9 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In the concept of the legislator, this amendment was to extend the possibility of recording the court hearings in order to meet public expectations regarding the transparency of the operation of the judicial system. However, the admissibility of the private recording of the course of the court hearing and other judicial acts still is the subject of relevant limitations in the form of the absolute exclusion of the possibility for the parties to record the hearings held in camera or to record the image. The considerations are aimed at presenting the amended regulations and attempting to assess its significance and impact on the implementation of the principle of transparency in civil proceedings in its internal sense.
Stan specjalny w materialnym prawie administracyjnym (zarys problematyki)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Jagielski Jacek , Gołaszewski Piotr ,   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska
Published: March 2021

In the article entitled “Special state in substantive administrative law (concept outline)” the authors undertake considerations aimed at preliminary and general outlining of the concept of the special state as a (new) institution of substantive administrative law and its relation to constitutional states of emergency. The conducted analysis, taking into account examples of specific statutory solutions, made it possible to define the special state as an institution regulated in terms of content and form in the generally applicable substantive administrative law, which, as part of ordinary constitutional legal and administrative measures, initiated collectively through the legal form of administrative actions, restricts the freedoms and rights or creates obligations of a generally specified group of entities – distinguished due to the objective criterion relating to a specific situation – in order to counteract the related to this situation, expected or existing threat to safety, order or public health.
Koncepcja długoterminowej trwałości działań w przestrzeni kosmicznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kuźniar Dagmara
Published: March 2021

The possibility of using outer space brings measurable benefits to countries and humanity. At the same time, activities conducted in this area for many years caused littering. It threatens the security of space missions, and in the long run threatens to even lose the possibility of space penetration. These two facts influenced the formation of the concept of long-term sustainability of space activities. According to it, the cosmos should be an operationally stable environment, open to research and exploitation by both present and future generations. The article analyzes the Guidelines on Long-Term Sustainability of Space Activities adopted in 2019, trying to present the essence of the concept through the prism of the measures that are necessary to implement it.
Who designs the classroom’s images? Study of visual culture diversity at three Valencian schools
Authors: Alonso-Sanz A. , Rueda P. , Jardón P.
Published: March 2021

The research reported on here elaborated on the effects that images displayed on the walls have in schools as a variable in evaluating the educational quality. Mixed methods were used to analyse the images displayed on the walls of 27 classrooms to determine their provenance and authorship. The results show quantitative, qualitative and aesthetical values of the school visual culture, thanks to the numerous photographic series (resembling in graphs) which are a testimony of each classroom. After the typologies of the displayed images at the schools had been documented, it was demonstrated that images mostly come from the school products industry and from faculty members.i The kind of analysis and the conclusions that were obtained could be considered in other contexts of schools with cultural diversity. Four alternatives are proposed in order to improve schools’ visual culture diversity: 1) consensus between the entire educative community – both adults and children selecting which images should adorn the classroom walls; 2) an increasing of external images, but generated by students and teachers about their personal experiences to increase the sense of belonging in the classroom; 3) a greater presence of internal images created by specialised agents, that enrich the learning processes, diversity, iconography and style of the images; 4) the emphasis of elementary teachers’ visual education to integrate images pedagogically.
Data-Driven Model-Free Sliding Mode and Fuzzy Control with Experimental Validation
Authors: Precup Radu-Emil , Roman Raul-Cristian , Hedrea Elena-Lorena , Petriu Emil M. , Bojan-Dragos Claudia-Adina
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the combination of the model-free control technique with two popular nonlinear control techniques, sliding mode control and fuzzy control. Two data-driven model-free sliding mode control structures and one data-driven model-free fuzzy control structure are given. The data-driven model-free sliding mode control structures are built upon a model-free intelligent Proportional-Integral (iPI) control system structure, where an augmented control signal is inserted in the iPI control law to deal with the error dynamics in terms of sliding mode control. The data-driven model-free fuzzy control structure is developed by fuzzifying the PI component of the continuous-time iPI control law. The design approaches of the data-driven model-free control algorithms are offered. The data-driven model-free control algorithms are validated as controllers by real-time experiments conducted on 3D crane system laboratory equipment.
Bibliometric Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Research in International Scientific Databases
Authors: Radu Valentin , Radu Florin , Tabirca Alina Iuliana , Saplacan Silviu Ilie , Lile Ramona
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the Web of Science Database (WOS) and review the significant contributions to the research of Fuzzy Logic or Fuzzy Sets theory from the beginning to the present. This study analyzes the most eminent authors, institutions, countries, and journals in Fuzzy Logic research by applying science mapping methods and bibliometric measures. Also, we paid attention to link strength and h-index to represent the visibility, influence, and link between the representative authors. Moreover, we added descriptive statistics to highlight strong linearity and a connection between fuzzy publications and Fuzzy Logic research. Also, we applied regression analyses and prevision functions to predict the evolution of the Fuzzy Logic topic.

The results showed a significant increase in the number of papers published annually in a portfolio of internationally representative journals. This leads us to the idea that Fuzzy Logic research is now a transdisciplinary topic that continually develops. Therefore, it can be found in more and more related areas such as artificial intelligence, IoT, medicine, economics, or the environment. Most of the results are consistent with other bibliometric studies. Still, some results are different, results related to the current cited works that show a polarization in the Asia area and the top journals that is continuously changing depending on the number of papers and the quotations of scientific personalities that publish. We used the VOS Viewer software to map the main trends in the field. The results indicate that the use of concepts has long exceeded traditional boundaries.
Multimodal travel choice determinants in context of travel time reliability
Authors: Minal  , RaviSekhar Chalumuri , Madhu Errampalli
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the trends and determinants that dictate the state of multimodal transport by incorporating the effect of travel time reliability at different levels of service of traffic conditions. To account for the taste variation of commuters, a random parameter mixed logit model is used for the multimodal choice analysis. Multimodal transport is defined as use of multiple (more than one) transport modes for commuting in a specified time period. The data were collected through an interview-based household survey for a single day trip and land use data were collected from secondary sources. The parameters used in this study are interconnectivity ratio, penalty, multimodal level of service, travel cost, age, gender, income of traveller, purpose of trip and land use intensity, as well as diversity parameters such as population density, employment density, entropy and transport network density. The results indicate that interconnectivity ratio and multimodal level of service play the most influential roles in selecting a multimodal transport system. Commuters are most sensitive towards access and egress time. Also, the utility of the multimodal transport system for a commuter is highest under the road service condition of level of service (LOS) D as compared to LOS A.
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) of Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) with Multiple Pulmonary Bullae in a Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: L Wu , J Liu , D Wu , R Luo , Q Hou , D Wu , P Xu , X Li
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis is relatively rare disease and it is a systemic disease with an unknown etiology. The abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle leads to the obstruction of bronchi, lymphatic vessels and small blood vessels. At present, there are not many clinical reports on the treatment of LAM thoracoscopic surgery. So this article reports a case of LAM in a middle-aged woman and reviews of the relevant literature.
Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers
Authors: S Dikmen , KMS Davila , E Rodriquez , TL Scheffler , PA Oltenacu , RG Mateescu
Published: March 2021

In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.
A Novel Hybrid Algorithm: Sine Cosine Harmony Search Algorithm for Global Optimization
Authors: ALIZADA Bahadur
Published: March 2021

The study is about the new hybrid optimization algorithm called Sine Cosine Harmony Search (SCHS). SCHS was created by combining the features of Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Harmony Search (HS) meta-heuristic algorithms. In the research, the stage of creating the model was confirmed by experiments. For this, it has been tested using global optimization techniques. Benchmark Functions (BF) with different parametric properties were used for testing time. For performance measurement, comparisons were made with various optimization algorithms. The improvement of SCHS on the basis of exploitation and exploration shows that the algorithm is competitive.
A Review of Genetic Programming: Popular Techniques, Fundamental Aspects, Software Tools and Applications
Authors: ARI Davut , ALAGÖZ Barış Baykant
Published: March 2021

Genetic Programming (GP) is one of the evolutionary computation (EC) methods followed with great interest by many researchers. When GP first appeared, it has become a popular computational intelligence method because of its successful applications and its potentials to find effective solutions for difficult practical problems of many different disciplines. With the use of GP in a wide variety of areas, numerous variants of GP methods have emerged to provide more effective solutions for computation problems of diverse application fields. Therefore, GP has a very rich literature that is progressively growing. Many GP software tools developed along with process of GP algorithms. There is a need for an inclusive survey of GP literature from the beginning to today of GP in order to reveal the role of GP in the computational intelligence field. This survey study aims to provide an overview of the growing GP literature in a systematic way. The researchers, who need to implement GP methods, can gain insight of potentials in GP methods, their essential drawbacks and prevalent superiorities. Accordingly, taxonomy of GP methods is given by a systematic review of popular GP methods. In this manner, GP methods are analyzed according to two main categories, which consider the discrepancies in their program (chromosome) representation styles and their methodologies. Besides, GP applications in diverse problems are summarized. This literature survey is especially useful for new researchers to gain the required broad perspective before implementing a GP method in their problems.
An Analysis on the Determinants of Success for Tourism Start-ups: Application of the ERIS Model
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Han Seok-Ho , Lee Yong-Chan , Yoon Ji-Hwan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to uncover the key determinants of success for tourism start-ups, which has been gradually developing and expanding in the ecosystem of the domestic tourism industry. To this end, the four factors of the ERIS model, a proven model that has been used to derive the determinants of venture and start-up performance in various fields, were organized as a framework for research. Two rounds of Delphi analysis were conducted with academic, industrial, and policy-related experts. As a result, a total of 41 elements of success factors were derived: 13 from entrepreneur factor, seven from resource factor, nine from industry structure factor, and 12 from business strategy factor. In addition, it was confirmed that the 'understanding industrial trends' and 'business differentiation strategy' derived through the first Delphi open questionnaire appeared as the determinants for success reflecting the characteristics of the tourism industry. The AHP analysis also assessed that the entrepreneur factor among the four factors in ERIS model was the most important factor in determining the success of the tourism start-ups. It was found that the human capacity, especially entrepreneurs’ competence can be the key factor to the success in small companies such as tourism start-ups. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications were proposed to foster and promote future tourism start-up businesses.
The Effect of Travel Mobility and Mobility Application’s Quality on Travel Satisfaction: Moderating Effect of Stress when Using Public Transportation
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Hyun-Ji , Choi Jeong-Won , Koo Chul-Mo , Chung Nam-Ho
Published: March 2021

Contemporary tourists strive to relieve the stress of travel mobility and increase travel satisfaction by acquiring mobility information using travel mobility applications(apps). This study aims to understand the effect of a travel destination’s mobility environment on travel satisfaction in various ways by focusing on the effect of stress generated when using travel mobility. Specifically, we explored how quality of travel mobility, quality of travel mobility apps, and stress affect the overall travel satisfaction. In particular, we attempted to verify the moderating effect of stress on travel satisfaction. An online survey was conducted on tourists who have used a travel mobility app in the travel destinations for the past one year, and the Partial Least Square (PLS) method was applied. As a result, it was confirmed that the quality of travel mobility and the travel mobility app's quality positively affect overall travel satisfaction. However, there is a difference in the positive influence depending on the level of stress. As the stress generated when using mobility increased, the influence of travel mobility satisfaction on overall travel satisfaction decreased. Conversely, the influence of travel mobility app satisfaction on overall travel satisfaction increased. It means that the greater the stress tourists receive when using travel mobility, the stronger the travel mobility app’s effect. These results can be valuable as an introductory study in understanding tourists’ stress and how to cope with them. Moreover, it can be used as basic research for verifying the effectiveness of smart technology that can manage the stress that can occur in various spaces of travel destinations.
A Study on the Effect of Youth Traveler’s Personal Ecological Norm on Pro-Environmental Behavior at the Tourist Destination
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Park Jung-Hyun , Kim Nam-Jo
Published: March 2021

Youth tourism differentiates itself from the concept of traditional tourism by the distinctive profile of its participants. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ecological norms on youth traveler's ecological behavior intention and pro-environmental behavior while traveling to tourist destinations. An online survey was conducted for youth travelers who visited tourist destination within the last two years. The verified norm activation model (NAM) and the theory of planned behavior(TPB) were used to explain interrelationships among the variables. Structural equation modeling was utilized for data analysis. The findings show that youth traveler's perceptions of ecological problems, awareness of consequence, and subjective norms had a significant effect on the personal ecological norms; however, perceived behavioral control did not have a significant effect. The relationship between youth traveler's personal ecological norm, ecological behavior intention, and pro-environmental behaviors all formed a significant influence. Tourism managers should elicit youth traveler’s ecological behavior intentions to improve personal ecological norms and preserve the environment of local tourist attractions. This study contributes to destination researchers’ and practitioners’ understanding of youth traveler pro-environmental behavior in the youth tourism context.
An Analysis on the Coincidences Experience of Travelers: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kwon Jang-Wook , Lee Hoon
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the development process and context of a coincidence experience that provides pleasure and meaning in travel. The in-depth interviews of 11 participants and data were analyzed using grounded theory. As a result, people who experienced coincidence in the trip were either on an impromptu trip without planning or with flexibly changing the schedule, or traveling alone. Participants experienced a coincidence while attempting to be tense and various trial and error at first, as they were placed in a somewhat uncertain environment through improvised travel and traveling alone. The central phenomenon – coincidence - is a form of synchronicity in which multiple events encounter at the same time, or it appears as a seriality in which the same event occurs repeatedly. After experiencing the coincidence, people were wondering if the coincidence was caused by someone's intention and an emotional reactions such as admiration and joy emerged only through the conviction that no specific cause was found, or that it was not the intention of someone, or the result of giving meaning such as memories or moments of growth. This suggests that people were experiencing coincidences in the process of creating uncertain situations through trips, overcoming tensions and anxieties, and challenging themselves. The coincidence provided existential authenticity to travelers, which allowed people to experience a series of happiness.