bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of RMS Current in AC Power Wires Using a High-Speed Infrared System
Authors:   Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Electronics, Al. Politechniki 10, B-9 building, 93-590 Lodz, Poland, Torzyk Błażej , Więcek Bogusław
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a new method of the effective value (RMS) of alternating current (AC) in power wires based on infrared radiation (IR) measurement using a high-speed medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) camera. The method called “2-ω” involves measurement of the 100 Hz harmonic of temperature (T100) and is supported by signal analysis in the frequency domain. The article discusses the issue of non-sinusoidal alternating current, which causes much more difficult analyzes compared to sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50/60 Hz. The simulation and measurement results for different current shapes obtained in typical power systems like: a phase-controlled switching regulator, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, and finally the nonlinear distortion of the AC current due to saturation of the magnetic core, are presented and confirm the linear relation of T100 ~ I2RMS. The main advantage of proposed method is the independence of the measurement results from environmental conditions.
A Comparison of Adaptive Control Methods for the Ball Balancing Table System
Authors:   Politechnika Poznańska, Wydział Automatyki Robotyki i Elektrotechniki, Czajka Marcin , Kubacka Daria , MIchalski Jacek , Bączyk Robert , Kozierski Piotr
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present and compare adaptive control algorithms: Model Identification Adaptive Control (MIAC) and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC), with their modifications that allow to improve quality of control in specific cases. The ball balancing (BBT) table physical stand, which is an example of a ball on plate system, was used, and the balancing problem that occurs could potentially lead to work on stabilizing a boat or a drone. This paper presents a non-linear model of the object and its linear approximation in the vicinity of the operating point, additionally demonstrating the process of parameters identification with the Recursive Least Square (RLS) method. The quality of the adaptive control algorithms was compared during transients and in steady state. The research showed the possibilities of both indirect and direct adaptation of the controller parameters, depending on the selected method. Quality indices, such as the cost of control and the integral of absolute error, were utilized for the comparative analysis. The advantages of the compared algorithms and their modifications, that can enhance the system performance in special cases, were also demonstrated. The tested adaptive control algorithms made the system robust to modeling errors (lack of knowledge of parameters) or other internal disturbances.
Optimization of Mixed Reading of Binary and Register Variables in Modbus Protocol from PLC Implementing CPDev
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Katedra Informatyki i Automatyki, Rzońca Dariusz , Bożek Andrzej
Published: September 2024

Efficient communication is crucial for the proper operation of distributed automation systems. The article focuses on one of the aspects of such communication, related to the mixed reading of binary and register variables from the PLC controller in the Modbus RTU protocol. The research assumed a memory architecture with common addressing of variables of different types, allowing reading binary variables not only using dedicated bit functions (such as FC1), but also Modbus register functions (such as FC3). Such an architecture occurs, e.g., in controllers implementing the CPDev engineering environment. The article proposes a method of appropriate grouping of variables, leading to a reduction of the total communication cycle time. An optimization model has been implemented to automatically find the optimal grouping. Experiments were carried out and the obtained results were discussed. The results of the conducted research will be used in the development of the CPDev engineering environment.
Una lectura emocionante. El aprendizaje lectoescritor
Authors: Vicario María
Published: September 2024

Algunos niños y niñas comienzan el aprendizaje de la lectura desmotivados y frustrados, no ven la necesidad inmediata y los beneficios que leer tiene. Este proceso es uno de los primeros desafíos cognitivos que los niños y niñas tienen que realizar y la emoción y la motivación deberían ser objetivos prioritarios.
Lectura para todos: el sistema de lectura fácil
Authors: Jover Paloma
Published: September 2024

El acceso universal a la cultura implica facilitar necesariamente el acceso universal a la lectura. Sin embargo, la diversidad de necesidades de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que hay en nuestras aulas, requiere de una adaptación que elimine barreras. La lectura fácil nace como respuesta a esta necesidad. Es un sistema con una serie de normas, características y procesos de validación que adapta los textos para facilitar su comprensión a un grupo más amplio de población.
¿Hablamos de lo mismo? Poesía medieval y poesía actual
Authors: Ruiz-Morales Teresa Alba
Published: September 2024

¿Para qué sirve la poesía? ¿Qué tiene que ver la poesía conmigo? Más aún, ¿qué puede aportarme a mí un poema escrito hace un montón de años? “Para nada” y “nada” serán las respuestas de muchos estudiantes de Secundaria y Bachillerato. Y, sin embargo, se observa en ellos la simiente de quien sí puede disfrutar de la poesía. Muchos escuchan música con verdadero entusiasmo y se sienten identificados. Debemos, por tanto, ofrecerles experiencias de lectura que conecten con ellos, con sus vidas, con su sentir.
El regalo
Authors: Novoa Pérez María Isabel , Pereira Domínguez Carmen
Published: September 2024

El cortometraje trata de un adolescente que apenas sale de casa ya que se recrea a menudo con videojuegos en el salón de su hogar. Abstraído ante la pantalla y casi a oscuras, el muchacho casi no presta atención a su madre, que llega apurada del trabajo. Saluda a su hijo y le sugiere dejar de jugar, sube la persiana para que entre luz y pide disculpas por retrasarse comprando un regalo que trae para él.
Al poco rato el chico se sorprende de la caja que le ha dejado su madre sobre la mesa; la abre y descubre que dentro hay un pequeño cachorro y se alegra mucho al verlo, pero pronto comprueba que al perrito le falta una de sus cuatro patas. El protagonista cambia de humor y lanza lejos a su nueva mascota para ignorarla. Entonces, el animal doméstico hará todo lo posible por llamar su atención y no se detendrá hasta conseguirlo.
Scheduling in a Simple Assembly Robotics Cell to Minimize Earliness and Tardiness
Authors: Muñoz Guevara John Andres , Villegas-Florez Jairo Alberto , Jaramillo Tabima Jhannier Jhoan
Published: September 2024

Background: Robotics Assembly Cells (RAC) have been designed to meet the flexibility requirements demanded by today's globalized market. The objective is to manufacture a vast variety of products at a low cost, which requires equipment with a high level of flexibility, such as robots. The need to schedule a great variety of jobs in an RAC is a very relevant issue, as efficiency and productivity depend on the sequence in which jobs are scheduled. Studies around this matter have developed models with analytical and heuristic approaches, as well as simulation methods and genetic algorithms, seeking to improve performance measures based mainly on time, utilization, and costs.
Method: The purpose of this article is to formulate an exact mathematical model using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to optimize small scheduling problems. The objective is to minimize the measure of performance related to the tardiness and earliness of jobs. This optimization aims to mitigate the effects of delays in product deliveries, queue times, and work-in-process inventory in subsequent processes. Doing so facilitates adherence to agreed-upon delivery deadlines and prevents bottlenecks in the assembly cell.
Results: The proposed mathematical model generates optimal solutions to the job scheduling problem in the assembly cell, which serves as a case study. This addresses the need to minimize tardiness to meet delivery deadlines or minimize earliness while avoiding an increase in work-in-process inventories. The model ensures that optimal scheduling decisions are made to optimize both delivery performance and inventory levels.
Conclusions: Due to the NP-hard complexity of the scheduling problem under study, the proposed mathematical model demonstrates computational efficiency in solving scheduling problems with fewer than 20 jobs. The model is designed to handle such smaller-scale problems within a reasonable computational time frame, considering the inherent complexity of the scheduling problem.
Determining the Pulping Conditions and Properties of Unbleached Pulp from Uruguayan Pinus Taeda
Authors: Palombo Viviana , Clavijo Leonardo , Cabrera Maria Noel
Published: September 2024

Context: In Uruguay, numerous Pinus taeda plantations are at final-turn age, but they still do not have commercial destination and are exported as green-wood logs. For the development of this sector, it is necessary to strive towards a comprehensive processing of this resource.
Method: This work focused on analyzing the use of Pinus taeda wood available in the country to produce brown kraft pulp with a kappa number of 80, which can be used to make packaging paper. As raw materials, we employed by-products from the mechanical wood-transformation industry (wood chips and thinning wood) and final-turn wood. Pulping tests were carried out, varying the alkali charge and the H-factor while aiming for a kappa number of 80. The viscosity, pulping, and rejection yield were measured in the pulps, and the pH and residual alkali content were evaluated in black liquor.
Results: Based on the results, the best pulping conditions were an active alkali charge of 14% (Na2O) and an H-factor of 1260 for sawmill chips and thinning wood, as well as an active alkali charge of 14% (Na2O) and an H-factor of 1080 for final-turn wood. The pulp obtained with sawmill chips exhibited the most resistant fibers, and the final-turn wood pulp was the most sensitive to the refining process. Under the aforementioned conditions, the paper properties of laboratory-produced pulp are comparable with those of commercial pulp.
Conclusions: This indicates that it is technologically possible to produce brown kraft pulp from Uruguayan Pinus taeda wood, with adequate quality to produce packaging paper
A Comparative Analysis between FFT, EMD, and EEMD for Epilepsy Detection
Authors: Dorado-Romero Leandro , Bueno-López Maximiliano , Cifuentes Jenny Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Context: Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects more than 50 million people worldwide, causing recurrent seizures, with a significant impact on patients' quality of life due to abnormally synchronized neuronal activity.
Method: This article discusses three methods used for signal analysis in patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Conventional signal decomposition methods, such as the fast Fourier transform, widely used in signal analysis based on time series techniques, have some issues when analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals, in addition to difficulties in detecting low-order frequencies.
Results: To overcome these limitations, alternatives such as empirical mode decomposition and one of its variants, called ensemble empirical mode decomposition, have been developed. These techniques allow observing different oscillation modes through intrinsic mode functions and instantaneous frequencies.
Conclusions: In this study, the results obtained through the aforementioned techniques were compared, revealing the impact of nonlinear methods on the reconstruction of brain activity.
The Current Landscape of Access to Electrical Energy
Authors: Trujillo-Rodríguez César Leonardo
Published: September 2024

Universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs7) set for 2023. Although the number of people with access to electricity was close to 91% as of 2021, it is concerning that, according to the energy progress report elaborated by the World Bank and the UN in 2023, 765 million people around the world lack this service.
METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS WHEN OBSERVING REMOTE SMALL-SIZED INCONSPICUOUS OBJECTS
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Shirobokov V. V. , Emelyanov A. V. , Petrushenko V. M.
Published: September 2024

Aspects of the functioning of optical-electronic systems (OES) in the observation of remote, inconspicuous objects are considered. A technique has been developed for determining the effectiveness of the OES with an assessment of the results of observation of remote objects. A feature of the technique is the ability to identify and take into account the most significant factors that affect the result of the functioning of the OES: the characteristics of the brightness structure of the observed objects, the state of the radiation propagation path to the observation point, the circuitry of the optical system, and the parameters of the modes of the photodetector with a given topology. It is shown that the technique makes it possible to implement the optimal choice of algorithms for determining the coordinates and geometric features of inconspicuous objects. The practical application of the methodology makes it possible to more reliably assess the accuracy of coordinate information about remote objects, as well as to determine the degree of influence of various external and internal factors on the performance indicators of the OES, on the one hand, on the other hand, to form the main parameters of the system for given conditions of observation and solving target problems.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF ACOUSTIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (REVIEW)
Authors: Dolmatov D. O.
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, artificial neural networks are finding more and more applications in various fields of human activity. This paper reviews the current state of research and development in the field of application of artificial neural networks for solving problems in acoustic non-destructive testing. The areas of application of neural networks include processing of inspection data, flaw detection, determination of flaw parameters, and determination of material properties. Test data processing includes increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of results, data compression, restoration and processing of flaw images. Within flaw parameter determination, flaw sizing and flaw type identification tasks have been solved using artificial neural networks. One of the most challenging problems related to the introduction of artificial neural networks in acoustic nondestructive testing is the small amount of inspection data that complicates the training of artificial networks. The ways to solve this problem are data exchange between organizations and standardization of inspection results, data augmentation and application of computer modeling.
METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE HEALTH CHECK TOOL
Authors: Garanin I. V. , Sadovskaya N. E.
Published: September 2024

At the moment, when solving the issue of improving the quality of software, the question of competent planning of team resources and the allocation of teams to specific tasks or specific projects is at the forefront. Especially in large IT departments, there is a problem of forming a well-coordinated team with the necessary competencies, both technical and verbal. This article explores the "Star Map" method, which helps to comprehensively evaluate employees when they are assigned to a project or task. The article also offers aspects of automation of this method, simplifying its application and increasing its efficiency. The study includes an analysis of the application of the "Star Map" method in a real working environment and an analysis of work with this method and without this method. The results of the study confirm that the use of the "Star Map" method contributes to the formation of a team with an optimal combination of competencies and improves the overall quality of the software. At the same time, the automation of the method makes its application more convenient and efficient. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations on the implementation of the "Star Map" method in organizations to achieve better results in software development.
RENWEX 2023
Authors: Matveev V. I.
Published: September 2024

The article briefly describes the main content of the renewable energy exhibition, the main directions of development and the results achieved, the most successful companies in developing the most successful technologies for building promising alternative energy systems.
MODERN PRACTICE OF USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS IN TIRE PRODUCTION
Authors: Shinkevich A. I. , Malysheva T. V. , Safargaliev M. F.
Published: September 2024

Improving the competitiveness of Russian tires requires improving the organization of the quality control system in production. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the application of tire quality control methods in production. A common way to diagnose tires in the Russian industry is random control by road tests and bench tests, leading to the destruction of the product. At the same time, non-destructive testing is widely used in the global tire industry. Tire structural strength, material homogeneity, stiffness and geometric characteristics of tires are checked on test benches, which are the result of defects that can be diagnosed in a “non-invasive” way, i.e. non-destructive testing methods. Visual-optical, eddy current, ultrasonic and radiation methods of non-destructive testing are the most optimal for diagnosing continuity and obtaining the physical and mechanical characteristics of rubber and cord. Continuous flaw detection control of tires allows for the lowest cost diagnostics of hidden defects and timely improvement of the technological process. The interferometric method of non-destructive testing can be considered as an intelligent predictive diagnostics of hidden defects, bubbles, delamination, foreign inclusions in tires with nanometer accuracy. Patents and practical developments of Russian inventors in the field of interferometry testify to the high potential of mass production of domestic flaw detectors for their use in tire factories.
ULTRASONIC WAVES SCATTERING ON WELD DEFECTS AND BASE MATERIAL. ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mogilner L. Yu. , Krysko N. V.
Published: September 2024

To detect defects in the metal structures of vertical steel tanks, in addition to visual inspection, ultrasonic methods are most often used for diagnosis: thickness gauging and flaw detection of metal, flaw detection of welds. The current level of technology makes it possible to mechanize and/or automate the use of these methods, including registration of identified defects in connection with the inspected product. However, these methods have a number of disadvantages that complicate their use. For example, for mechanized scanning conditions, reliable methods for detecting transverse cracks in the presence of reinforcement rollers have not yet been developed. Also, ultrasonic testing reveals, much worse than plane defects, fistulas of corrosion origin, including through ones, which can lead to local leaks of the product onto the outer surface of the tank wall. Meanwhile, defects of these types are the most dangerous among those that arise during longterm operation of tanks. Their identification during diagnosis is necessary. In addition, the accuracy of estimating the size of other types of defects with mechanized and/or automated ultrasonic testing is usually lower than with classical manual testing. Based on an analysis of literature data and our own theoretical studies, recommendations have been proposed, the implementation of which makes it possible to increase the detectability of transverse cracks in welds while maintaining a sufficiently high detectability of planar defects oriented along the axis of the welds both in linear sections and in the cross zones of butt welds. It is indicated that in order to provide better conditions for identifying vertical fistulas, it is advisable to adjust the parameters of ultrasonic testing for vertical drillings. At the same time, it is possible to simplify the requirements for the positioning accuracy of transducers during mechanized scanning.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF ESTIMATING THE RADIUS OF A CYLINDRICAL REFLECTOR BY THE TIME OF THE DELAY OF THE PULSE OF THE PASSING WAVE IN RELATION TO THE MIRROR-REFLECTED PULSE OF THE SHEAR WAVE DURING ULTRASONIC METAL INSPECTION BY AN ANGLE PROBE
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: September 2024

Modeling of the electro-acoustical channel of an angle probe for a side drilled hole type reflector made it possible to calculate the forms of the run round pulse generated by the radiation of a surface Rayleigh wave propagating along a concave cylindrical cavity and the wave pulse when reflected in the geometric acoustics approximation (mirror) for different radii of the hole and to obtain estimates of the ratio of the amplitudes of these pulses and the difference in their registration time. Comparison of the experimental results with those obtained by calculation for holes with radii of 2 and 3 mm showed their quite good qualitative and satisfactory quantitative coincidence. Estimates of the radius of a cylindrical hole are given based on the experimental delay time of the run round pulse and the Rayleigh wave velocity for a flat surface using a simple ratio; the range of the ratio of the diameter of the hole to the length of the transverse wave in the medium in which such an assessment is advisable is indicated, and an example of the values of the lag time in this range is given.
CENTERING OF DIFFRACTION LENS LENSES WITH THE HIGHEST ACCURACY BY MEANS OF TRIMMING FRAMES ON SPECIAL MACHINES
Authors: Simonyan V. I. , Mikaeva S. A.
Published: September 2024

This article explains the need for precise lens centering when using diffraction surfaces in IR lenses. The basic data on the characteristics, parameters, materials, ranges of operation of such lenses are given. After that, an example of calculated lens tolerances is considered and it is explained which ones should be observed with accuracy, and which ones have a very small impact on the quality of the contrast obtained. The technology of trimming frames, which will be discussed in this article, combines technologies and has great potential in the processing of high-precision optical products. With this method, the centering error can reach 0.5 microns, which is an extremely effective option for preserving the quality of the calculated lens by contrast and the presence of aberrations.
TO ASSESSING THE DEPTH OF INCLINED CRACKS IN A MAIN GAS PIPELINE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF IN-PIPE MAGNETIC FLAW DETECTION AND ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
Authors: Zagidulin R. V. , Bakiev A. T. , Kemyashov D. O.
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with the reason for the discrepancy in the assessment of the depth of inclined stress-corrosion cracks of the main gas pipeline, that were discovered based on the results of magnetic in-pipe flaw detection, eddy current flaw detection, and additional diagnostic testing (ADT). Based on the current model of the crack, it was established that the amplitude of the magnetic field of an inclined crack does not exceed the amplitude of an equivalent straight crack with the corresponding effective depth, which is the reason for the appearance of a methodological error in estimating the depth of inclined stress-corrosion cracks of main gas pipeline during magnetic in-pipe flaw detection. In order to eliminate methodological errors and correct estimates of the depths of inclined stress-corrosion cracks in main gas pipeline, a correction factor is proposed, depending on the angle of inclination of the crack. The results of correction of the depths of real stress-corrosion cracks in main gas pipeline obtained from the results of magnetic in-pipe flaw detection are presented. Based on a mathematical model of an inclined crack, based on the magnetic moments of eddy currents in the metal, it is established that the amplitude of the signal of an applied eddy-current transducer (ECT) above an inclined crack exceeds the magnitude of the ECT signal above an equivalent straight crack with the corresponding effective depth. It has been shown that this leads to overestimation of the effective depths of inclined stress-corrosion cracks in main gas pipeline during ADT using eddy current flaw detectors.
What is Polarization in the Social Sciences? A Scoping Review of Reviews
Authors: Garzón-Velandia Diana Camila , Barreto Galeano María Idaly , Sabucedo -Cameselle José Manuel
Published: September 2024

The word polarization has gained notoriety both in journalistic headlines and academic publications to explain the social and political conflicts of recent years. Despite its relevance, this concept is used indiscriminately, so its meaning is not always clear. Consequently, this research aims to provide an overview of polarization in the social sciences, in terms of characteristics of polarization, theories, and associated variables that support its academic use. A review of reviews was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. 56 publications from different disciplines and databases were analyzed. The methodological quality of the publications was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 and SANRA instruments. The publications were analyzed by statistical analysis of textual data. Based on these analyses, definitions of three classes and 19 subclasses of polarization were defined. The quality of the reviews was determined, and the variables and theories associated with the phenomenon were specified. Most of the reviews are narratives, which show little methodological systematicity. Similarly, most of the reviews relate to political polarization, and only five variables were found to be inversely related to polarization, which shows how little depolarization has been studied.
O ewolucji wyobrażeń i praktyki w zakresie prowadzenia dzienniczka uczącego się. Refleksje nad wynikami badania własnego
Authors: Wiater Aleksander
Published: September 2024

Among the foreign language learning strategies classified by R. Oxford (1990) as indirect are affective strategies, to which the researcher assigns an important role in regulating the process of acquiring know­ledge and skills. One of the basic tools used for this purpose is a diary, which helps a learner identify their feelings, attitudes and motivations related to language learning. It can be kept both in the form of individual notes on paper or through electronic entries on a group forum, including interactive exchange of reflections. The change in the formula makes it not only a personal record, but also a testimony of various cognitive experiences that we share with others. The aim of the article is to present the changes taking place in the chosen form of the diary, which becomes not only a place for reflection, but also for the exchange of learning experiences, including metacognitive and social strategies. The research conducted in the period from the academic year 2018/19 to 2022/2023 covered five classes of first-year students of French Philology at the University of Wrocław and was aimed at examining preferences in relation to an open or closed form of keeping a diary of the learning strategies used. During the longitudinal research, statements from learners were collected (207 questionnaires), which pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of both forms of diary and commented on the usefulness of the tool in reflection on learning strategies used in practice.
The The perception of success in learning English as an L2 in the era of globalization – a multilingual student perspective
Authors: Lankiewicz Hadrian
Published: September 2024

Resorting to ecolinguistic theories, underscoring the concept of (trans)languaging and methodologies highlighting the need for analytical contextualization (Steffensen, Fill, 2014), the author presents the understanding of success in learning English as an L2 among selected multilingual students of Applied Linguistics at his home university, for whom knowledge of English and other languages is to be a final product of a professional character. Data has been elicited via focus group interview methodology (Parker, Tritter, 2006; Lankiewicz, 2023) with the use of a semi-structured interview and thematic framework analysis. The research findings suggest that English occupies a special place in students’ plurilingual repertoires and its pluricentric character helps them to be legitimate L2 users of their linguistic repertoires who do not measure their success by native speaker standards. The research undertaken offers insights into the process of the language learning evaluation of multilinguals via including their full linguistic repertoires to account for language learning processes.
Personality as a correlate of pronunciation attainment: The case of formal setting with explicit pronunciation-focused instruction
Authors: Baran-Lucarz Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

The paper reports a study examining which Big Five personality traits correlate with pronunciation attainment of students who had been offered systematic long-term explicit pronunciation-focused instruction. The participants were 47 English majors just finishing their one-year course of practical English phonetics at the University of Wrocław, Poland. The five personality traits were measured with the use of a Polish version of Goldberg’s instrument, i.e. IPIP-BFM-50 (Struś, Cieciuch, Rowiński, 2014). The personality traits were then correlated with the students’ pronunciation proficiency represented by their (1) phonological competence, (2) pronunciation of selected vocabulary, and (3) accuracy in pronunciation operationalised as correct production of selected segments, rhythm, and consistency in using a chosen native English accent (RP or GA) when reading aloud a short passage with focus on its meaning. All of the judged aspects of pronunciation were explicitly drawn attention to and practised during the course of phonetics. The results of correlation analyses revealed that Openness to experience and Conscientiousness were significantly and positively linked to pronunciation attainment, with the former showing moderate and large effect sizes, and the latter, small and moderate effect sizes.
Rozwijanie wizji „Ja idealnego” u uczących się języka niemieckiego jako obcego na trzecim etapie edukacyjnym
Authors: Białek Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Over the past decades, the understanding of motivation has undergone significant transformations. Departing from its perception as a stable variable (Gardner, 1985), it has evolved into a nonlinear concept with varying degrees of intensity. Motivation is now recognized as one of many complex dynamic systems (Larsen-Freeman, 2016) characterized by nonlinearity, chaos, unpredictability, sensitivity to initial conditions, openness, self-organization, and responsiveness to feedback and adaptation (Larsen-Freeman, 1997: 142). This article aligns itself with this context and presents an understanding of motivation that assumes nonlinearity, variability, and dynamism. Results of a study involving the observation of the phenomenon of motivation variability under the influence of a pedagogical intervention are presented. The theoretical framework for the conducted research is the L2 Motivational Self-system proposed by Zoltan Dörnyei.
Academic and Research Libraries in Italy from Past to Future
Authors: Fontana Antonia Ida , Mataloni Maria Cristina , Morriello Rossana
Published: September 2024

In Italy academic and research libraries were invigorated in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. These years include the automation of catalogues, the development of the National Library Service (SBN), the birth of consortia to deal with organizational and management needs introduced by the digital library with the birth of the World Wide Web and the paradigm shift from ownership to access. The article outlines the main stages of this path at a technological, organizational, legislative, and professional development level up to more recent times in which the vitality of those years seems increasingly more difficult to achieve, despite being crucial to face the challenges raised by the growing complexity of the digital information context.
Macrofungal sporocarp community in the lichen Scots pine forests
Authors: Grzesiak Barbara , Węgrzyn Michał Hubert , Turowska Agnieszka , Twarużek Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The lichen-rich pine forests of Cladonio-Pinetum represent special habitats protected under the Natura 2000 scheme. A rapid decline in their density has been observed in recent years. Macrofungi are an important component of the community and sensitive bioindicators; therefore, observations of the response of their sporocarps can be used to draw conclusions about changes induced in habitats. In our study, we tried to detect differences in species richness, composition, and biomass of the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in areas rich in lichens indicating the good state of the community, and rich in bryophytes signaling its progressive degradation. The influence of precipitation and temperature on species richness and biomass was checked, and the possibility of using the sporocarps-based method to assess the effectiveness of active protection treatments, which are a form of partial protection carried out to maintain specific natural habitats. For detailed studies, six plots were selected from which sporocarps were collected, dried and weighed. A total of 1,575 sporocarps, representing 49 taxa were collected. A higher number of taxa (39) in lichen-rich plots were found. In bryophyte-rich areas, 27 taxa were recorded. The total yield was 13,151 g dry weight ha−1. In lichen-rich plots, the biomass was almost half lower.
Agreement of lymphocyte subsets detection permits reference intervals transference between flow cytometry systems: direct validation using established reference intervals
Authors: Liu Mei , Yu Sihua , Li Siyao , Yu Xiaowen , Wang Heqiao , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Pan , Su Zihan , Fu Yajing , Jiang Yongjun , Zhao Min , Zhang Zining , Shang Hong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

With the increasing demand and application of lymphocyte subsets detection in clinical laboratories, different single-platform flow cytometer (FCM) systems have been developed. There is an urgent need to establish the reference intervals (RIs) for different single-platform FCMs and transferring them from one FCM system to another provides a much more feasible and convenient approach. This study aimed to explore the transferability of RIs for lymphocyte subsets across different flow cytometry platforms.

Methods

We first conducted the pairwise method comparison across four FCM platforms, including NovoCyte, BriCyteE6, DxFLEX, and FACSCantoII systems. Next, the transferability of RIs of lymphocyte subsets was evaluated. Furthermore, we conducted the RIs transference based on the FACSCantoII system, BriCyteE6 system and DxFLEX system, except for NK cells. The transferred RIs were further verified by calculating the bias (CV) between the established ones.

Results

The results of lymphocyte subsets detection based on the NovoCyte, BriCyteE6, DxFLEX, and FACSCantoII systems were comparable and it was feasible to transfer the RIs of lymphocyte subsets detected by the four FCM systems. The RIs of lymphocyte subsets detection using FACSCantoII, DxFLEX, and BriCyteE6 systems were established. Upon transferring the RIs of lymphocyte subsets from the FACSCantoII system to the BriCyteE6 system, and DxFLEX system except for NK cells, the CV between the transferred RIs and the established ones was below 20 % for all parameters.

Conclusions

The present study illustrated that the RIs of lymphocyte subsets could be transferred across different flow cytometry systems except for NK cells with different definition strategies.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methoxy-substituted Schiff bases using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular simulation approaches
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Naz Sumaira , Zahoor Muhammad , Shah Syed Wadood Ali , Uddin Jalal , Esa Muhammad , ur Rashid Haroon , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal
Published: September 2024

The current study attempted to synthesize methoxy-substituted Schiff’s bases, namely MK1 and MK2, and evaluate their antidiabetic effects using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular docking studies. Experimental animals (rat model) received the synthetic compounds, MK1 and MK2, orally in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively. When comparing compound MK2 at the tested doses to glibenclamide on day 28, the diabetic rats’ blood glucose levels were nearly normal (139.02 and 121.23 mg/dL at 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight doses). The IC50 for MK1 against α-glucosidase inhibitory potential was found to be 281.29 μg/mL, while for MK2, it is reported to be 204.69 μg/mL. Furthermore, the acute toxicity, lipid profile, and its effect on blood biochemical parameters were also examined. In addition, through in silico analysis, the binding of MK1 and MK2 was elucidated with α-glucosidase enzyme, showcasing its antidiabetic mechanism at molecular levels. The in silico studies also predicted the two compounds to be inactive toward the human hERGs cardiac potassium channel, which indicates no potential risk of cardiac toxicity. Overall, the toxicity predictions suggest that compounds MK1 and MK2 are non-toxic and non-carcinogenic.
Investigation of DG units influence on 66 kV sub-transmission system network considering region load growth: a case study
Authors: Sultan Adel S. , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y. , Attia Mahmoud A. , Ray Papia
Published: September 2024

Voltage breakdown in sub-transmission networks resulting from an increase in load demand can be addressed by incorporating distributed generation (DG) units such as hydro, wind, photovoltaic, and geothermal in some buses. This approach can lower power losses and the price of the primary generated energy while increasing network dependability and efficiency. Feasibility of dispersed generation integration & its effect on sub-transmission system operation were investigated using Ben Walied 66 kV sub-transmission network in Libya as a state. This study presents modified particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique to select the best option with dispersed generation units under various operating conditions. The Ben Walied 66 kV sub-transmission network has been subject of effects research on both normal operation and load growth scenarios. The goal of this study was to find best way to adjust penetration level of the three DGs in response to changes in the network loading. Three DG units have been refitted to study the effects on test networks for sub-transmission, which consist of 30 and 51 buses. A comparison analysis shows that while the ideal locations of DG units remain constant with load expansion, the optimal solution for the penetration level percentage of three DG units was boosted by new optimal sizes. Research has been done on how the power factor of distributed generators (DGs) affects the practical performance of 66 kV networks in steady-state conditions. The integration of DG units in regulating these losses and voltage variations is demonstrated by the results, which indicate that the ideal solution for DG unit’s power factor was at a value of 0.87 lagging.
Vortex bifocusing of extreme ultraviolet using modified Fermat-spiral photon-sieve splitter
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Cui Huaiyu , Shen Yujie , Zhao Yongpeng , Yang Shumin , Wang Gangwei , Tong Xin , Zhang Junyong , Zhan Qiwen
Published: September 2024

Structured beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide powerful capabilities for applications in optical tweezers, super-resolution imaging, quantum optics, and ad-vanced microparticle manipulation. However, it is challenging for generate and control the OAM beams at the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region due to the lack of suitable wave front shaping optics arise from being limited to the strong absorption of most materials. Here, we use a modified Fermat-spiral photon-sieve splitter to simultaneously generate two focused doughnut beams with opposite helical phase. Our technique enables us to produce splitting focused vortex beams with different rotation directions at EUV wavelengths. Additionally, we provide experimental evidence showcasing the capabilities of our method and further detect the helical phase by self-reference interferometry. This work not only opens a route for OAM-driven applications in EUV radiation, but also paves the way to studies of holographic technique by EUV splitter.
Research on the equivalent stretching mechanical properties of Nomex honeycomb core considering the effect of resin coating
Authors: Ma Mingze , Lin Hanyu , Zhou Zhiqiang , Huang Jie
Published: September 2024

In this article, the equivalent elastic modulus of the resin-impregnated Nomex honeycomb core is derived by considering the bending and stretching deformation of the honeycomb wall, based on the Euler beam theory. The elastic modulus obtained by the proposed theoretical method is proved to be in good accordance with both the experimental results and numerical results. Furthermore, the effect of the geometric parameters on the equivalent mechanical properties of the honeycomb core is discussed using a dimensionless method.
Exploring the functionality of fluorescent liposomes in cancer: diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Sharma Jai Bharti , Pareek Ashutosh , Garg Rahul , Saini Pushpendra Kumar , Kapoor Devesh U.
Published: September 2024

Fluorescent liposomes are pivotal in cancer research, serving as adaptable vehicles for imaging and therapeutics. These small lipid vesicles, capable of encapsulating fluorescent dyes, offer precise visualization and monitoring of their targeted delivery to cancer cells. This review delves into the critical role fluorescent liposomes play in enhancing both cancer diagnosis and treatment. It provides an in-depth analysis of their structural features, fluorescent labeling techniques, targeting strategies, and the challenges and opportunities they present. In the domain of cancer diagnosis, the article sheds light on various imaging modalities enabled by fluorescent liposomes, including fluorescence imaging and multimodal techniques. Emphasis is placed on early detection strategies, exhibiting the utility of targeted contrast agents and biomarker recognition for enhanced diagnostic precision. Moving on to cancer treatment, the review discusses the sophisticated drug delivery mechanisms facilitated by fluorescent liposomes, focusing on chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Moreover, the exploration extends to targeted therapy, explaining the applications of fluorescent liposomes in gene delivery and RNA interference. In a nutshell, his article comprehensively explores the multifaceted impact of fluorescent liposomes on advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment, combining existing knowledge with emerging trends.
ICT Use and Entrepreneurial Mobilization of Chinese Grassroots Activists In and Beyond Cyberspace
Authors: Lu Jian
Published: September 2024

While prevailing scholarship commonly asserts that information and communication technologies (ICTs) significantly facilitate mass mobilization, a growing body of literature questions the mobilization potential of technologies alone. This literature proposes that ICTs might redirect offline participation by promoting low-risk and low-cost online collective actions, especially in the absence of linkage between offline and online tactics. In the context of these debates, this article explores the nuanced synergies between the online and offline mobilization strategies of individual activists and their underlying motives. It does so through an in-depth ethnographic case study of popular protest mobilization in a Chinese locality. Through an integration of the traditional entrepreneurial mobilization model with the concept of mediatization, this study delves into the intricate mobilization strategies and underlying motives of activists. The findings reveal that through a strategic convergence of offline and online tactics, including extension, amalgamation, and substitution, activists adeptly choreographed and presented protest repertoires, thereby fostering the development of mass mobilization. The research posits that the efficacy of ICTs in mobilization is contingent upon activists’ adeptness in leveraging the norms and practices of ICTs to pursue collective objectives suited to social contexts, thus circumventing the pitfalls of “clicktivism.”
Synthesis and Characterization of β-Ga2O3/por-GaAs/mono-GaAs Heterostructures for Enhanced Portable Solar Cells
Authors: Suchikova Yana , Kovachov Serhii , Bohdanov Ihor , Drozhcha Dariya , Kosogov Ivan , Karipbayev Zhakyp T. , Popov Anatoli I.
Published: September 2024

This study comprehensively details the successful synthesis of a β-Ga2O3/por-GaAs/mono-GaAs heterostructure designed for portable solar cells. Employing a combination of electrochemical etching and high-temperature oxygen annealing, we engineered a heterostructure that exhibits both crystalline and amorphous phases. XRD, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy analyses confirmed the formation of crystalline β-Ga2O3 and GaAs, with the porosity in the GaAs layer enhancing light absorption and charge collection. The potential of the heterostructure to improve photovoltaic performance is attributed to the inherent stability of Ga2O3 and the increased surface area provided by the porous GaAs.
(Cd)SO4 doping on L-Valine crystal for the enhancement of opto-electronic and laser properties
Authors: Susithra G. , Vidhya D. , Ramalingam S.
Published: September 2024

L-Valine is a good molecular platform to induce NLO properties for Laser application and considerable laser properties can be improved by injecting suitable electron administrated substitutional groups. This work is an attempt to make laser properties enhancement by increasing Cd solvent concentration on L-Valine compound. The recorded XRD peaks addressed the significant increment of laser properties of the composite crystal. The results obtained for pure L-Valine was; a=5.221 (Å), b=6.910 (Å) and c=4.994 (Å) and associated indices of refraction was n1=1.511, n2=1.583 and n3=1.599. The results of 2% CdSO4; a=5.580 (Å), b=7.011 (Å) and c=5.091 (Å) and associated indices of refraction was n1=1.561, n2=1.612 and n3=1.633. For 5% CdSO4; a=5.599 (Å), b=7.831 (Å) and c=5.659 (Å) and associated indices of refraction was n1=1.588, n2=1.661 and n3=1.699. For 10 % CdSO4; a=5.592 (Å), b=7.612 (Å) and c=5.822 (Å) and associated indices of refraction was n1=1.661, n2=1.693 and n3=1.593. For 15 % CdSO4; a=5.551 (Å), b=6.332 (Å) and c=4.734 (Å) and associated indices of refraction was n1=1.501, n2=1.599 and n3=1.593. The non linear refractive index was changed from 3.891 X 10-8 cm2/W to 4.231 X 10-8 cm2/W for 2%, 5%, 10% respectively and Third order non linear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) was ranged from 4.621X10‑6 esu to 5.091X10‑6 esu. The restored chemical potential for non linear optical (NLO) and birefringence properties was found to be improved. The scattering capability of homo nuclear and hetero nuclear bonds along with the CdSO4 voids was identified for attaining non linear scattering process.