bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Design and Evaluation of a Novel Modular Origami-Enabled Mobile Robot (OSCAR)
Authors: Angatkina Oyuna , Alleyne Andrew G. , Wissa Aimy
Published: April 2022

This article presents critical design modifications for an Origami-enabled Soft Crawling Autonomous Robot (OSCAR). OSCAR’s upgraded design mitigates motion uncertainties, which often plague soft robots. More specifically, we present a design that mitigates motion uncertainties caused by the feet interaction with the ground and uncertainties in the assembly procedures and actuators’ control. The new design has a robust and repeatable locomotion cycle that reaches more than 95% of its ideal, analytically predicted locomotion cycle. OSCAR’s performance is experimentally validated using two case studies, namely, navigation in a 2D environment with static obstacles and coupled locomotion of two docked OSCAR segments. Results from the first case study demonstrate OSCAR’s accurate and robust path following performance across multiple trials and experiments. Results from the second case study show the successful and repeatable earthworm-inspired locomotion of two docked OSCAR segments. The second case study demonstrates OSCAR’s modular design. OSCAR’s modified design, along with the reduced motion uncertainty, allows for operation where individual segments can operate alone or while docked to other segments. The repeatable and modular OSCAR design presented in this study expands the operational envelope for origami-enabled robots and allows their deployment in various applications.
A Numerical Study of Density-Unstable Reverse Circulation Displacement for Primary Cementing
Authors: Skadsem Hans Joakim , Kragset Steinar
Published: April 2022

Primary cementing of the casing string is the operation where the annular space behind the casing is displaced to a cement slurry. Once hardened, the cement should form a solid annular barrier and provide zonal isolation behind the casing. Reverse circulation cementing involves injecting the cement slurry directly into the annulus that is to be cemented, displacing drilling fluid down the well. This will normally represent a density-unstable situation with an increased risk of inter-mixing of fluids and slurry contamination compared to conventional circulation cementing. This study addresses the reverse circulation displacement mechanics and is based on a reverse circulation field case where the quality of the hardened cement has previously been established by characterization of two retrieved joints. We use 3D numerical simulations to study possible displacement conditions and compare findings qualitatively to the actual cement. Additional simulations indicate the importance of imposed flowrate and viscous stresses in suppressing the destabilizing effect of buoyancy. A simplified one-dimensional displacement model provides reasonable predictions of the front propagation speed in vertical, concentric annuli, and correct identification of conditions results in backflow of lighter fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first numerical study undertaken to better understand density-unstable displacements in annular geometries.
An Experimental Study on a Dual-Fuel Generator Fueled With Diesel and Simulated Biogas
Authors: Dev Shouvik , Stevenson David , Yousefi Amin , Guo Hongsheng , Butler James
Published: April 2022

Diesel-fueled generators are widely used for power generation in remote and/or off-grid communities. In such communities, local organic waste streams can be used to generate biogas, which can be used to replace diesel used by diesel generators to lower fuel cost and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Diesel-powered generators can be easily retrofitted with a biogas dosing line in the engine intake to introduce biogas, but appropriate optimization would be of great help to further improve generator performance and reduce GHG emissions. The objective of this research is to demonstrate simplified optimization methods that can reduce GHG emissions (carbon dioxide and methane) from such retrofitted dual-fuel engines under various biogas compositions. The study was conducted on a modern 30 kilowatt (kW) generator using an electronically controlled, four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, turbo-charged diesel engine. The engine was operated with the factory electronic control unit (ECU) and a programmable ECU which allowed for control of the fuel injections and exhaust gas recirculation valve. Biogas was simulated by using natural gas (with more than 95% methane by volume) which was diluted with either carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This study consisted of two areas. The first one was the comparison of the engine performance when operating with biogas using the factory ECU and the programmable ECU with user-optimized fuel injection. The second one was the influence of volume fraction of carbon dioxide or nitrogen in the biogas. Test results reinforced the importance of optimizing the diesel injections when the engine was operated in the biogas-diesel dual-fuel mode to ensure complete combustion and achieve a reduction in GHG emissions. Increasing nitrogen fraction had a minimal effect on the emissions but increasing carbon dioxide fraction caused the NOx and methane emissions to decrease, and the indicated thermal efficiency to increase.
Thorium model and weak 5f delocalization
Authors: Tobin J. G. , Nowak S. , Yu S.-W. , Roussel P. , Alonso-Mori R. , Kroll T. , Nordlund D. , Weng T.-C. , Sokaras D.
Published: April 2022

Recently, it was demonstrated that an empirical model based on bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy of elemental thorium (Th) could be used to explain the experimental results and unoccupied 5f electronic structure for simple localized actinide systems with n = ⅔, 2, 3, and 5, where n is the 5f occupancy. Here, the thorium model will be extended to provide an understanding of the observed behavior and unoccupied 5f electronic structure in the uranium monochalcogenide systems of uranium sulfide and uranium telluride, in terms of weak 5f delocalization.
Making Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing More Physiologically Relevant with Bicarbonate?
Authors: Hinnu Mariliis , Putrinš Marta , Kogermann Karin , Bumann Dirk , Tenson Tanel
Published: April 2022

Azithromycin is a clinically important drug for treating invasive salmonellosis despite poor activity in laboratory assays for MIC. Addition of the main buffer in blood, bicarbonate, has been proposed for more physiologically relevant and more predictive testing conditions. However, we show here that bicarbonate-triggered lowering of azithromycin MIC is entirely due to alkalization of insufficiently buffered media. In addition, bicarbonate is unlikely to be altering efflux pump activity.
As(III) Exposure Induces a Zinc Scarcity Response and Restricts Iron Uptake in High-Level Arsenic-Resistant Paenibacillus taichungensis Strain NC1
Authors: Yu Yanshuang , Su Junming , Xu Junqiang , Li Yuan Ping , Alwathnani Hend A. , Wu Zengling , Ji Changqing , Feng Renwei , Rensing Christopher , Herzberg Martin
Published: April 2022

Microbes have the ability to adapt and respond to a variety of conditions. To better understand these processes, we isolated the arsenic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium
Paenibacillus taichungensis
NC1 from a gold-copper mine.
Microbial Community Dynamics Provide Evidence for Hypoxia during a Coral Reef Mortality Event
Authors: Doyle Shawn M. , Self Miabel J. , Hayes Joseph , Shamberger Kathryn E. F. , Correa Adrienne M. S. , Davies Sarah W. , Santiago-Vázquez Lory Z. , Sylvan Jason B.
Published: April 2022

In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico in July 2016, ∼82% of corals in a small area of the East Flower Garden Bank coral reef suddenly died without warning. Oxygen depletion is believed to have been the cause.
Structural and Functional Insights into a Nonheme Iron- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Halogenase That Catalyzes Chlorination of Nucleotide Substrates
Authors: Dai Longhai , Zhang Xiao , Hu Yumei , Shen Jing , Zhang Qi , Zhang Lilan , Min Jian , Chen Chun-Chi , Liu Yingle , Huang Jian-Wen , Guo Rey-Ting
Published: April 2022

Halogenated nucleotides are a group of important antibiotics and are clinically used as antiviral and anticancer drugs. AdeV is the first carrier protein-independent nonheme iron- and α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent halogenase (NHFeHal) that can selectively halogenate nucleotides and exhibits restricted substrate specificity toward several 2′-dAMP analogues.
A Genomic Island of Vibrio cholerae Encodes a Three-Component Cytotoxin with Monomer and Protomer Forms Structurally Similar to Alpha-Pore-Forming Toxins
Authors: Herrera Alfa , Kim Youngchang , Chen Jiexi , Jedrzejczak Robert , Shukla Shantanu , Maltseva Natalia , Joachimiak Grazyna , Welk Lukas , Wiersum Grant , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Godzik Adam , Joachimiak Andrzej , Satchell Karla J. F.
Published: April 2022

The bacterium
Vibrio cholerae
causes gastrointestinal, wound, and skin infections. The motility-associated killing factor A (MakA) was recently shown to be cytotoxic against colon, prostate, and other cancer cells.
A Poxvirus Decapping Enzyme Colocalizes with Mitochondria To Regulate RNA Metabolism and Translation and Promote Viral Replication
Authors: Cao Shuai , Molina Joshua A. , Cantu Fernando , Hernandez Candy , Yang Zhilong
Published: April 2022

Decapping enzymes comprise many members from various organisms, ranging from plants, animals, and viruses. The mechanisms regulating their functions vary and are still largely unknown.
Listeria monocytogenes TcyKLMN Cystine/Cysteine Transporter Facilitates Glutathione Synthesis and Virulence Gene Expression
Authors: Brenner Moran , Friedman Sivan , Haber Adi , Livnat-Levanon Nurit , Borovok Ilya , Sigal Nadejda , Lewinson Oded , Herskovits Anat A.
Published: April 2022

Bacterial pathogens sense the repertoire of metabolites in the mammalian niche and use this information to shift into the pathogenic state to accomplish a successful infection. Glutathione is a virulence-activating signal that is synthesized by
L. monocytogenes
during infection of mammalian cells.
THOR’s Hammer: the Antibiotic Koreenceine Drives Gene Expression in a Model Microbial Community
Authors: Hurley Amanda , Chevrette Marc G. , Rosario-Meléndez Natalia , Handelsman Jo
Published: April 2022

The diversity, ubiquity, and significance of microbial communities is clear. However, the predictable and reliable manipulation of microbiomes to impact human, environmental, and agricultural health remains a challenge.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Iflavirus from Leafhoppers (Exitianus capicola) in Iraq
Authors: Ye Zhuang-Xin , Lahuf Adnan A. , Salman Mohammed D. , Zhang Yan , Li Jun-Min
Published: April 2022

The draft genome sequence of a novel virus was determined from a leafhopper insect (
Exitianus capicola
) via transcriptomic sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Results of the sequence alignment suggested that the new virus is a member of the genus
Iflavirus
, family
Iflaviridae
.
The Kiss of Death: Serratia marcescens Antibacterial Activities against Staphylococcus aureus Requires Both
de novo
Prodigiosin Synthesis and Direct Contact
Authors: Lim Sungbin , Bhak Jihun , Jeon Sungwon , Mun Wonsik , Bhak Jong , Choi Seong Yeol , Mitchell Robert J.
Published: April 2022

The antibacterial activities of prodigiosin are well-established but, as a hydrophobic molecule, the mechanisms used to introduce it to susceptible microbes has never been studied. We found here, in contrast to violacein, another hydrophobic antibiotic that can be transferred using membrane vesicles (MVs), prodigiosin is also carried from
Serratia marcescens
in MVs released but its resulting activities were severely mitigated compared to the freely added compound, suggesting it is more tightly bound to the MVs than violacein.
Locating Lhasa terrane in the Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents: A key piece of the reconstruction puzzle
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Wang Qiang , Dan Wei , Wyman Derek
Published: April 2022

The debate over global continental reorganization from Rodinia to Gondwana likely stems from some key Neoproterozoic units being overlooked in previous reconstructions. Here we provide a self-consistent set of evidence, based on magmatism and metamorphism, that the Lhasa terrane is the “lost” part of NW India and retains crucial archives, including 760–730 Ma ophiolitic-arc magmatic rocks and evidence of a distinctive metamorphic event at ca. 660 Ma. Hence, the Lhasa terrane together with Madagascar and Seychelles formed in a late Neoproterozoic juvenile arc system laying either along the periphery of rifting Rodinia or outboard of the supercontinent. Subsequently, these terranes made up the northern East African Orogen (EAO) during the initial assembly of Gondwana. As a result of lateral-escape tectonics after collision and dextral strike-slip along the northern margin of Gondwana, the Lhasa terrane escaped from the EAO and had migrated to the northern margin of Australia by the Middle Cambrian.
Supplemental Material: Extensive evidence for a last interglacial Laurentide outburst (LILO) event
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , McManus Jerry F
Published: April 2022

Sediment core data, LILO event duration estimate, and sea level implications. 
Supplemental Material: A newly discovered subglacial lake in East Antarctica likely hosts a valuable sedimentary record of ice and climate change
Authors: Yan Shuai , al. et
Published: April 2022

Bed echo power, specularity content, gravity and magnetic anomalies data, and supplementary notes and figures. 
Risk factors for hospital-acquired and community-acquired pressure injuries: a multicentre mixed case–control study
Authors: Ding Lei , Hu Xia , Wei Lili , Sun Mojian , Sun Guixia , Jiang Guangfeng , Li Huanting
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To separately examine and comprehensively compare the risk factors for hospital-acquired (HAPIs) and community-acquired pressure injuries (CAPIs).

Design

A mixed case–control study.

Setting

Four medical centres in China.

Participants

Inclusion criteria included patients who were (1) aged ≥18 years on admission; (2) admitted between January 2014 and December 2018, and (3) diagnosed with HAPIs (cases) or with no HAPIs (controls) during hospitalisation in the HAPIs study, and confirmed with CAPIs (cases) or with no PIs (controls) on admission in the CAPIs study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) admitted for childbirth, psychiatric reasons or rehabilitation; (2) admitted for observation; (3) transferred from another hospital and (4) confirmed to have suffered PIs from previous hospitalisations in the CAPIs study. In total, 320 cases and 1657 controls were included in the HAPIs study, and 1763 cases and 1786 controls were included in the CAPIs study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The outcome variable was the occurrence of PIs.

Results

The existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation were found to be independent risk factors for HAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 51.931 (34.241 to 78.763), 2.006 (1.405 to 2.864), 3.226 (1.709 to 6.089) and 2.161 (1.452 to 3.215), respectively. Age, sex, Braden rating and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for CAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 1.031 (1.026 to 1.036), 0.810 (0.698 to 0.941), 1.235 (1.167 to 1.307) and 2.059 (1.332 to 3.184), respectively.

Conclusions

The existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation are suggested to be included as independent items for the risk assessment of PIs, together with the Braden scale. The Braden rating plays different roles in the development of CAPIs and HAPIs.
A protocol for conferencing through shared multipartite entanglement
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S. , Samanta Soumen
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we introduce a protocol for mutual sharing of known quantum information between different parties. We show that it is possible to exchange known non-maximally entangled Bell states between three parties through a protocol by use of a multipartite entangled state. The scheme is overseen by a controller.
Dynamics of transient cages in a model 2D supercooled liquid
Authors: Krishnan Gopika , Harbola Upendra
Published: April 2022

Supercooled state of a liquid is characterized by extremely slow and spatially heterogeneous dynamics attributed to caging of particles by their neighbors. The dynamics of cages in a model 2D supercooled liquid is studied by analyzing single particle trajectories. The temperature dependence of cage times and cage sizes is discussed. The average cage time is found to show power-law divergence as the critical temperature is approached. A correlation between cage sizes and cage survival time is identified. At higher temperatures, bigger cages survive for longer. However, this behavior changes at low enough temperatures, where a crossover timescale is observed beyond which the smallest cages are more likely to survive. This crossover time originates mainly due to different initial dynamics of the bigger and the smaller cages, which shows strong temperature dependence for smaller cages.
Intensifying bismuth concentration in tin chalcogenide for solar cell applications
Authors: Muthumari M. , Manjula M. , Pradheepa K. , Veluswamy Pandiyarasan
Published: April 2022

Solar cells convert electricity from the solar spectrum to more than 60%. Researchers focused on this promising field because of the most demanding renewable source of electrical energy. Based on the demand, we focused our study on bismuth-doped tin chalcogenide materials for the optoelectronic and solar cell applications. The effect of bismuth concentration on structural, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te and Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te materials is studied based on density functional theory (DFT). Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was proposed to calculate structural parameters, density of states and band structure. Here the lattice parameter increases when increasing bismuth concentration. The parent binary SnTe is in semiconducting behavior with a narrow direct bandgap of 0.234 eV (L-L). From the calculated thermal and optical results, the Gruneisen parameter is maximum for Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te and Debye temperature is maximum for Sn[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Te. The studied materials are consistent in IR, visible and UV regions and they are adorable for IR optical detectors and solar cell applications.
Physical features of ferrofluid under the impact of magnetic force inside a complex domain
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: April 2022

For increasing the cooling performance within the system with one circular hot wall, combinations of nanotechnology and Kelvin force have been utilized. Iron oxide with fraction of 0.04 has been added to water and properties were estimated according to homogenous model. Appearance of wire near the middle of circular wall generates space-dependent Kelvin force which acts like gravity force and boosts the migration of ferrofluid. To gain the solution, CVFEM was applied to measure the values of scalars. Before employment of numerical approach, the equations become simplified with defining the vorticity formulation. Utilizing FHD makes the fluid move faster inside the domain and more effective collision with walls happens. Nu elevates about 108.05% by applying FHD when [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] and 4e3, imposing greater buoyancy forces offers augmentation of Nu about 11.54% and 0.01%. Utilizing ferrofluid instead of H2O makes Nu to rise around 14.15%.
Automatic Twitter Crime Prediction Using Hybrid Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network with World Cup Optimization
Authors: Monika  , Bhat Aruna
Published: April 2022

Social media are digitally mediated platforms that allow people to create and exchange content, professional interests, ideas, and other forms of expression through virtual networks. Users often utilize web-based programs on their PCs and laptops to visit social media sites, or they download programs that provide their devices social media capabilities. As users connect with these platforms, groups, organizations, and individuals can upload, co-create, discuss, engage in, and update self-curated or user-generated information. Although the platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., aid in the communication purposes, it also has some demerits like cyber-crime, hacking, etc. The growing number of crimes through these platforms needs to be deducted by predicting the crimes. For the crime prediction, the data acquired from Twitter is pre-processed for the data cleansing process. Later the features are extracted using various techniques like bag of words (BoW), Glove, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and feature hashing. The feature selection is done using a modified tree growth algorithm (MTGA) and clustering is performed using the fuzzy manta ray foraging (FMRF). Finally, the crime detection is done using hybrid wavelet convolutional neural network with world cup organization (WCNN-WCO). The PYTHON tool is used for the implementation and the Twitter user dataset is used for analysis. The results showed that the proposed method outperforms the existing method in terms of precision, accuracy, [Formula: see text]1 measure, and recall.
Deciding stability of sheaves on curves
Authors: Brenner Holger , Steinbuch Jonathan
Published: April 2022

We give an algorithm to determine whether a kernel sheaf over a smooth projective curve over an algebraically closed field is semistable. The algorithm uses symmetric powers to make destabilizing subbundles visible as global sections.
On the inverse hull of a Markov shift
Authors: Beaupré Aria , Dickson Anthony , Milan David , Sum Christin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we provide an abstract characterization of the inverse hulls of semigroups associated with Markov shifts. As an application of the characterization we give an example of Markov shifts that are not conjugate, but have isomorphic inverse hulls.
Continuant, Chebyshev polynomials, and Riley polynomials
Authors: Jo Kyeonghee , Kim Hyuk
Published: April 2022

In the previous paper, we showed that the Riley polynomial [Formula: see text] of each 2-bridge knot [Formula: see text] is split into [Formula: see text], for some integral coefficient polynomial [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study this splitting property of the Riley polynomial. We show that the Riley polynomial can be expressed by ‘[Formula: see text]-Chebyshev polynomials’, which is a generalization of Chebyshev polynomials containing the information of [Formula: see text]-sequence [Formula: see text] of the 2-bridge knot [Formula: see text], and then we give an explicit formula for the splitting polynomial [Formula: see text] also as [Formula: see text]-Chebyshev polynomials. As applications, we find a sufficient condition for the irreducibility of the Riley polynomials and show the unimodal property of the symmetrized Riley polynomial.
Coupling Soil–Fluid–Structure Domains by Localized Lagrange Multipliers Mixed Formulation (u, p) for Modeling Offshore Wind Turbine Vibration
Authors: Ilson da Silva Francisco , Cardoso Onézimo Carlos Viana , Cunha Guilherme Terceiro , de Aguiar André Luiz Ponte
Published: April 2022

Modeling is frequently used to design structures in a large range of engineering applications. Coupled models can be solved by several numerical procedures. This paper presents a soil–fluid–structure coupling analysis applied to offshore wind turbines design. The goal of this work is to develop a coupled structural finite element procedure using Localized Lagrange Multipliers (LLM) at idealized offshore wind turbines with poroelastic soil foundation. The poroelastic media theory of Biot is used to represent the soil domain as two-phase material which is considered to be fully saturated with water. The numerical model is validated through a fully coupled model at classical problems results. In this work, the mixed formulation (u,p) is used to model the interface frames between the domains. The interface domain behaves as fictitious porous material generating a nonsymmetrical coupling between elastic solid and potential fluid. The momentum equilibrium and mass continuity equations are solved by algebraic equation system imposed by Lagrange multipliers methodology. In order to fully model the coupled system, aerodynamic decoupling effects are implemented to separate the tower structure, the soil foundation and the rotor-nacelle assembly. This procedure is based on the blade aerodynamic characteristics. The force and moment vectors are assembled considering the aerodynamic damping coupling between inplane and outplane rotor motions. Finally, the equations of the tower-nacelle structure, ocean fluid and poroelastic soil are obtained by the classical finite element method. In addition, their interaction is modeled using LLM. The numerical model for monopile and jacked offshore wind turbine is developed in terms of time dynamic response which is evaluated for a range of physical parameters including the wind nature and soil type.
Efficient High-Order Discretization Methods for Coupled Systems of Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Kuldeep  , Kumar Sunil
Published: April 2022

This paper develops efficient high-order convergent discretization methods for coupled systems of singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion problems exhibiting boundary layers. The discretization of the problem consists of two splitting schemes in time on a uniform mesh and a high-order hybrid finite difference scheme in space on appropriate layer-adapted Shishkin mesh. The splitting schemes decoupled the vector approximate solution at each time level, resulting in a reduced computational time. The convergence of the discretization methods is discussed in two steps using the barrier function approach. The proposed methods are proved to be uniformly convergent, having first-order accuracy in time and almost second-order accuracy in space. The splitting schemes are very efficient in comparison with the standard discretization. Numerical results confirm the theoretical findings and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed discretization methods.
A Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Solving Incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations Using Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Gao Guangjun , Zhu Huifen , Jiang Chen
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a leap forward in the development of a cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) is presented to solve incompressible turbulent flow treated by Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model. The streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin stabilization combined with the stabilized pressure gradient projection (SUPG/SPGP) is used to address oscillation and instability for CS-FEM in calculations of incompressible flow. The capability, accuracy, and validity of presented turbulent CS-FEM were tested by four numerical examples, including turbulent channel flow, a backward-facing step, flow past a circular cylinder, and turbulent flow past multistage Tesla valves. Based on the favorable comparison of numerical results obtained by the presented CS-FEM with experimental results and literature numerical results, CS-FEM is demonstrated to be highly applicable with appealing performances on simulations of incompressible turbulent flows. This new extension of CS-FEM empowers the S-FEM family to solve complex turbulent flows.
Novel WO3-PEDOT core–shell inverse opal films with enhanced electrochromic performance for smart windows
Authors: Bu Xiaohai , Feng Mingxin , Liu Yanmei , Sun Baiwang , Zhou Yuming , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: April 2022

Electrochromic (EC) materials have been widely studied in energy-saving smart windows due to their reversible control of optical performance under electric fields. Novel tungsten oxide-poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (WO3-PEDOT) core–shell inverse opal (IO) films are obtained by electrochemical polymerization of PEDOT onto WO3 IO templates. The WO3 IO templates are prepared through the electrodeposition of WO3 into the voids of a polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal, followed by calcination to remove the polystyrene microspheres. The designed microstructure and chemical composition of the WO3-PEDOT IO films are determined by SEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The WO3-PEDOT IO films exhibit promising optical contrast ([Formula: see text]52% at 600 nm and [Formula: see text]77% at 1020 nm), indicating their bifunctional potentials in both visible and near infrared (NIR) region modulation. The WO3-PEDOT IO films also show excellent EC properties of much shorter response time (6.7 s for coloring and 5.8 s for bleaching) and superior cycling stability than that of the bare WO3 IO. These results suggest that the synergistic effect between the WO3 IO core and PEDOT shell may greatly increase the electrolyte accessibility to active sites and improve the interaction between the inorganic/organic interfaces to obtain enhanced EC performance.
Approaches that output infinitely many graphs with small local antimagic chromatic number
Authors: Lau Gee-Choon , Li Jianxi , Shiu Wai-Chee
Published: April 2022

An edge labeling of a connected graph [Formula: see text] is said to be local antimagic if it is a bijection [Formula: see text] such that for any pair of adjacent vertices x and y, [Formula: see text], where the induced vertex label [Formula: see text], with e ranging over all the edges incident to x. The local antimagic chromatic number of G, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number of distinct induced vertex labels over all local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we show the existence of infinitely many bipartite and tripartite graphs with [Formula: see text].
Global dominating broadcast in graphs
Authors: Boufelgha Ibrahim , Ahmia Moussa
Published: April 2022

A broadcast on a graph [Formula: see text] is a function [Formula: see text] such that for each [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the diameter of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the eccentricity of [Formula: see text]. The cost of a broadcast is the value [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we define and study a new invariant of broadcasts in graphs, which is global dominating broadcast. A dominating broadcast [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is a global dominating broadcast if [Formula: see text] is also a dominating broadcast of [Formula: see text] the complement of [Formula: see text]. We begin by determining the global broadcast domination number of bipartite graphs, paths, cycles, grid graphs and trees. Then we establish lower and upper bounds on the global broadcast domination number of a graph. Finally, we establish relationships between the global broadcast domination number and other parameters.
Computing vertex resolvability of some regular planar graphs
Authors: Sharma Sunny Kumar , Bhat Vijay Kumar
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph of order n. An ordered subset [Formula: see text] of vertices in [Formula: see text] is said to be a resolving set for [Formula: see text], if all the vertices of [Formula: see text] are uniquely determined by the vector of distances to the vertices in [Formula: see text]. The metric dimension of [Formula: see text] is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set [Formula: see text] and that resolving set is the metric basis for [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that the metric dimension is three for a family of a three-regular convex polytope.
Spectrum of corona products based on splitting graphs
Authors: Thomas Ann Susa , Kalayathankal Sunny Joseph , Kureethara Joseph Varghese
Published: April 2022

Let G be a simple undirected graph. Three new corona products of graphs based on splitting graph of G are defined. The adjacency spectra of the three new graphs based on splitting graph of G are determined. The number of spanning trees and the Kirchoff index of the new graphs are determined using their nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues.
ACHIEVING GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION THROUGH CLIMATE CHANGE CONTROL WITH THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN COVID-19 PERIOD
Authors: LIU ZHEN , TIAN JIALI , WANG LEILING , GUL RUBAB
Published: April 2022

The study inquired the role of financial development (FD) on climate change control in COVID-19 period to identify the ways useful to achieve greenhouse gas mitigation in BRICS economies. BRICS countries are included because of their high energy-environment dependence and their need for climate financing through FD promoting greenhouse gas emission. The projected role of FD activity on climate change mitigation is inferred using the generalized methods of moments (GMM). The study results indicated that five out of the six climate change mitigation indicators have a long-term correlation with BRICS’s CO2 emissions. On the other side, there is no evidence of integration between variables in Russia. Moreover, the findings revealed that there 18% rise in FD is estimated, this raised the probability of effective climate change mitigation by 39% in the post-COVID-period, and it reduces greenhouse gas mitigations by 24.7%. The results also highlighted that there is a one-way correlation between energy use and climate drifts. On these findings, policymakers and environmental regulators in BRICS could take inspiration from our study to plan and revisit greenhouse gas mitigation through proper environmental legislation. Additionally, it also encourages other countries and economies to perform comparable assessments and select the best course of action. Hence, this study provides detailed and viable recommendations for key stakeholders for consideration and application to achieve the intended objectives.
Adaptive singular value shrinkage estimate for low rank tensor denoising
Authors: Tao Zerui , Li Zhouping
Published: April 2022

Recently, tensors are widely used to represent higher-order data with internal spatial or temporal relations, e.g. images, videos, hyperspectral images (HSIs). While the true signals are usually corrupted by noises, it is of interest to study tensor recovery problems. To this end, many models have been established based on tensor decompositions. Traditional tensor decomposition models, such as the CP and Tucker factorization, treat every mode of tensors equally. However, in many real applications, some modes of the data act differently from the other modes, e.g. channel mode of images, time mode of videos, band mode of HSIs. The recently proposed model called t-SVD aims to tackle such problems. In this paper, we focus on tensor denoising problems. Specifically, in order to obtain low-rank estimators of true signals, we propose to use different shrinkage functions to shrink the tensor singular values based on the t-SVD. We derive Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE) of the proposed model and develop adaptive SURE-based tuning parameter selection procedure, which is totally data-driven and simultaneous with the estimation process. The whole modeling procedure requires only one round of t-SVD. To demonstrate our model, we conduct experiments on simulation data, images, videos and HSIs. The results show that the proposed SURE approximates the true risk function accurately. Moreover, the proposed model selection procedure picks good tuning parameters out. We show the superiority of our model by comparing with state-of-the-art denoising models. The experiments manifest that our model outperforms in both quantitative metrics (e.g. RSE, PSNR) and visualizing results.
Reinvigorating the Green Belt and Road to Contribute to Global Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Zhou Taidong
Published: April 2022

In the past eight years, considerable progress has been made in green development of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the context of global carbon neutrality goals and the associated green development consensus, the green BRI, nevertheless, faces multiple challenges: diverse development models and low ecological capacity in most partner countries; negative environmental impact such as greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss caused by large-scale infrastructure construction; room for improvement in China’s green investment rules and environmental governance capabilities; financing difficulties for Chinese overseas green projects; as well as increased competition and constraints from the United States and some Western countries. The significance of the green Belt and Road should be recognized from the lens of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the community with a shared future for mankind. Green Belt and Road rules should harmonize with international standards. Green investment, green trade, green finance, and green technologies should be promoted. At the same time, green cooperation between enterprises and financial institutions should be intensified. In addition, green development knowledge sharing and environmental governance of BRI countries should be enhanced.
Legal Dualism as a Framework for Analyzing the Role of Law under Authoritarianism
Authors: Hendley Kathryn
Published: April 2022

This article assesses the usefulness of Fraenkel's concept of the dual state for understanding the role of law under authoritarianism. The concept, reframed as legal dualism, helps make sense of legal systems in which law matters most, but not all, of the time. A review of other analytical frameworks social scientists use to study authoritarian law reveals that they focus on the predilection of authoritarian leaders to manipulate law and courts to advance their interests. They pay little attention to how mundane disputes are handled. Only legal dualism contemplates multiple narratives of law that are a reality in contemporary authoritarian regimes.
To Tell the Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth: Truth Seeking and Truth Telling in Law (and Other Arenas)
Authors: Shapiro Susan P.
Published: April 2022

This article reviews the fate of truth and falsehood outside of the courtroom, largely—but not exclusively—in the United States. Describing opportunities and techniques to mislead or deceive on and off the Internet and social media, it focuses on the evolving social control response undertaken by institutions and increasingly by distributed networks: government regulators, private actors, self-regulators, crowds, third parties, platform architecture, and technology. The review highlights the turbulent legal and regulatory challenges encountered as existing rules do not quite fit the virtual world, free speech protections tie the hands of legislators and regulators in some parts of the world, and massive private corporations—whose profitability is maximized by user engagement with inflammatory and often false messages—control much of what can and cannot be said. Competing media, platforms, and regulators usher in a post-truth era with contested arbiters of truth and dire warnings of an epistemological crisis.
Environmental Legal Mobilization
Authors: Vanhala Lisa
Published: April 2022

The mobilization of law to address the degradation of the environment implicates a wide range of institutions, actors, and materials. This article maps developments in the study of environmental legal mobilization. It examines the different theoretical approaches that account for why and how groups mobilize the law (or do not), including explanations focusing on law; legal opportunity structures; resources; and/or ideas, identities, and knowledge. It then considers some of the methodological challenges of studying environmental legal mobilization and highlights recent efforts to overcome them and broaden the scope of the analysis. The article then identifies four trends that are shaping the mobilization of law: ( a) changing forms of environmental law and regulation; ( b) shifts in the political landscape, including repression of civil society and the undermining of the rule of law; ( c) the growing diversity of the environmental movement; and ( d) the cumulative impacts of environmental and climate degradation on the very institutions, processes, and resources available for the mobilization of law.
Democracy in the Global South
Authors: Heller Patrick
Published: April 2022

Given the legacies of colonialism and the inequities of the global capitalist system, consolidated democracies in the Global South were the exception prior to the third wave of democratization in the 1970s. As democratization in the Global South grew, a first generation of work by sociologists challenged mainstream political science's preoccupation with electoral and liberal democracy and brought popular mobilization to the center of the analysis. This literature made key contributions to the debate on democratic transitions and consolidation. A more recent wave of work has focused on the democratization of democracy, examining civil society, movements, participatory democracy, transnational activism, and the wide range of political actors and forms of collective action that have emerged in a democratizing Global South. Variation across and within democracies remains high, but there have been clear cases of democratic deepening. Improving our understanding of the fabric of democratic institutions and practices, including recent cases of regression, calls for more research, especially in subnational and local contexts.
Lithium-Rich O2-Type Li0.66[Li0.22Ru0.78]O2 Positive Electrode Material
Authors: Umeno Hirohito , Kawai Kosuke , Nishimura Shin-ichi , Asakura Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: April 2022

Increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is an important step towards flexible electricity supply, which can be achieved by developing large-capacity positive electrodes. Lithium-rich oxides have been a longstanding research target because of their large capacity involving extra oxygen-redox reactions. In this work, we report the synthesis, electrochemical properties, electronic structure, and structural evolution of O2-type lithium-rich layered oxide Li1.22‒x
Ru0.78O2. A robust Ru‒O layered framework without Ru migration allows for unveiling the solid-state electrochemistry of O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides with possibility of a large yet stable extra capacity for oxygen-redox reaction. Using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy, and in situ/ex situ X-ray diffraction, we clarified that O2-Li1.22‒x
Ru0.78O2 delivers a large capacity of 200 mAh g‒1 in association with Ru5+/Ru4+ and Ru4+/Ru3+ two-electron redox reactions under a solid-solution process, but with no contribution from the extra oxygen-redox reaction.
The Use of LiFSI and LiTFSI in LiFePO4/Graphite Pouch Cells to Improve High-Temperature Lifetime
Authors: Logan E. R. , Eldesoky A. , Eastwood E. , Hebecker H. , Aiken C. P. , Metzger M. , Dahn J. R.
Published: April 2022

The use of LiPF6 in Li-ion battery electrolytes provides sufficient stability, conductivity, and cost in most applications. However, LiPF6 has also been known to cause degradation in Li-ion cells, primarily from its thermal decomposition or hydrolysis to form acidic species. This work considers the use of imide salts lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as an alternative to LiPF6 in LiFePO4/Graphite cells. The use of LiFSI or LiTFSI over LiPF6 improved cycling performance both in control electrolyte (no additives) and electrolyte containing 2% vinylene carbonate (VC). However, while metrics from ultra high precision coulometry, isothermal microcalorimetry, and storage experiments all agreed with long-term cycling results for cells with control electrolyte, the opposite was seen with 2VC electrolyte. Pouch bag experiments elucidated information about the origin of parasitic reactions in LFP/Graphite cells, showing that most parasitic reactions originate at the negative electrode. Additionally, pouch bag experiments reveal a more passivating graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for LiFSI + 2VC electrolyte, agreeing with long term cycling experiments. It is concluded that in control electrolyte, the use of LiFSI limits redox shuttles, Fe dissolution, and SEI decomposition, while in 2VC electrolyte, LiFSI introduces a minor self-discharge reaction that does not impact long-term cycling.
Blockage of the Na-K-ATPase signaling-mediated oxidant amplification loop elongates red blood cell half-life and ameliorates uremic anemia induced by 5/6th PNx in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Liu Jiang , Chaudhry Muhammad , Bai Fang , Chuang Justin , Chaudhry Hibba , Al-Astal Ala-Eddin Yassin , Nie Ying , Sollars Vincent , Sodhi Komal , Seligman Paul , Shapiro Joseph I.
Published: April 2022

The anemia of CKD is multifactorial, and the current treatment based primarily on stimulating bone marrow production of RBCs with erythropoietin of erythropoietin analogs is unsatisfactory. In a murine model of CKD that is complicated by anemia, blockade of Na-K-ATPase signaling with a specific peptide (pNaKtide) ameliorated the anemia primarily by increasing RBC survival. Should these results be confirmed in patients, this strategy may allow for novel and potentially additive strategies to treat the anemia of CKD.
Design of College Students’ Sports Assessment System Based on Data Mining
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the quality of modern physical education (PE) and let PE teachers get rid of the busy data management, this article puts forward the design of an assessment system about sports performance based on data mining and introduces the scheme of the system in detail. Based on NET three-tier architecture, the demand of users is analyzed, combined with web technology, SQL database platform, and the theory of data mining. The technical architecture of the system and the design of the database are discussed, and the realization of the functional module of sports achievement management is implemented. The system is tested so that the accuracy is verified in use. At the same time, the system runs well after testing and application. Through this system, PE teachers can realize the management and statistics of sports performance, reduce the intensity of teachers, and enable PE teachers to devote themselves to improving the quality of PE teaching.
Research on Positioning and Monitoring Method of Pipeline Abnormal State Based on Sliding Window Outlier Analysis
Authors: Hao Wenjie , Zhong Zhicheng , Gao Qichen , Bai YuXin , Dong Hanchuan
Published: April 2022

In recent years, various accidents caused by pipeline corrosion and groundwater infiltration have brought irreparable losses to people’s lives and property safety. Therefore, it is very important to lay sensors on the pipeline for real-time monitoring and alarm. Aiming at the problem of distributed optical fiber sensing in the real-time pipeline monitoring process, this study proposes a pipeline invasion detection analysis method based on sliding window outliers. By continuously optimizing the value of the sliding window and the length of the abnormal state diagnosis window, the false alarm rate of the system is greatly reduced. This method only uses amplitude data to realize the intelligent identification of abnormal pipeline conditions. In addition, a simulation experiment of pipeline groundwater invasion monitoring has been carried out, and the results show that the algorithm does not generate false positives when the device is in good condition. Once the pipeline is invaded, the algorithm can quickly determine the location, and the error range is stable at 0.5 m. This method is an unsupervised artificial intelligence pipeline invasion detection processing method, and it has a good application prospect in the monitoring of abnormal pipeline conditions.