bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIANDO A TÉCNICA DE APRENDIZADO POR REFORÇO NEAT QUANDO APLICADA A UMA REDE NEURAL JOGANDO UM VIDEOGAME DE CONSOLE DE 8 BITS
Authors: Soder Alan , Malheiros Marcelo De Gomensoro
Published: January 2020

Junto à recente popularidade da Inteligência Artificial, amparada na redução dos custos de hardware massivamente paralelo, surgiu um crescente interesse em algoritmos de autoaprendizado. Em outras palavras, em processos que permitam a uma rede neural aprender de forma não supervisionada. Quando o ambiente para aprendizado é dinâmico, podem ser aplicadas técnicas de Aprendizado por Reforço, que permitem que uma rede neural seja refinada por sucessivas tentativas. Em particular, ambientes simulados como os providos por jogos de computador são ideais para aplicar este aprendizado, tanto pelo desafio técnico como pelo seu fator lúdico. Este artigo descreve um estudo sobre a aplicação do algoritmo NEAT para treinar automaticamente uma rede neural para jogar o clássico videogame de ação Gradius, lançado para o console de 8 bits Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). O algoritmo NEAT é especialmente interessante, pois aplica técnicas de algoritmos genéticos para evoluir a topologia de uma rede neural, modificando também os pesos das suas conexões. Este trabalho fundamenta as questões técnicas envolvidas, apresentando os resultados da ligação entre uma rede neural que se inicia com zero conhecimento e um emulador capaz de executar o jogo eletrônico. São analisados os diversos efeitos dos parâmetros de aprendizado e dos ajustes feitos na função de fitness. Ao final, é demonstrado que a rede neural artificial se torna capaz de jogar autonomamente um trecho inicial daquele jogo.
Risk-based ROI, capital budgeting, and portfolio optimization in the Department of Defense
Authors: Mun Johnathan
Published: January 2020

This article shows a reusable, extensible, adaptable, and comprehensive
advanced analytical modeling process to help the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) with risk-based capital budgeting and optimizing of acquisition and
program portfolios with multiple stakeholders while subject to budgetary,
risk, schedule, and strategic constraints. The article covers traditional
capital budgeting methodologies in industry and explains how these
methods can be applied in the DoD by using DoD-centric, noneconomic,
logistic, readiness, capabilities, and requirements variables. Portfolio
optimization for the purposes of selecting the best combination of programs
and capabilities is also addressed, as are alternative methods such as
average ranking, risk metrics, lexicographic methods, PROMETHEE,
ELECTRE, and others. Finally, an illustration from the Program Executive
Office Integrated Warfare Systems (PEO-IWS) and Naval Sea Systems
Command (NAVSEA) showcases the methodology’s application in developing
a comprehensive and analytically robust case study that senior leadership
at the DoD may utilize to make optimal decisions.
Matrices whose inverses are tridiagonal, band or block-tridiagonal and their relationship with the covariance matrices of a random Markov process
Authors: Brimkulov Ulan
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the matrices of the form A1n, Amn, AmN, whose
inverses are: tridiagonal matrix A-1n (n - dimension of the A-mn
matrix), banded matrix A-mn (m is the half-width band of the matrix) or
block-tridiagonal matrix A-m N (N = n x m - full dimension of the block
matrix; m - the dimension of the blocks) and their relationships with the
covariance matrices of measurements with ordinary (simple) Markov Random
Processes (MRP), multiconnected MRP and vector MRP, respectively. Such
covariance matrices frequently occur in the problems of optimal filtering,
extrapolation and interpolation of MRP and Markov Random Fields (MRF). It is
shown, that the structures of the matrices A1n, Amn, AmN have the same
form, but the matrix elements in the first case are scalar quantities; in
the second case matrix elements represent a product of vectors of dimension
m; and in the third case, the off-diagonal elements are the product of
matrices and vectors of dimension m. The properties of such matrices were
investigated and a simple formulas of their inverses were found. Also
computational efficiency in the storage and the inverse of such matrices have
been considered. To illustrate the acquired results, an example on the
covariance matrix inversions of two-dimensional MRP is given.
Generalized open sets and selection properties
Authors: Kocinac Ljubisa
Published: January 2020

We define and study new weak versions of the classical Menger covering
property. For this we use ?-open and ?-open covers of a topological space.
Relations of these properties with known weak versions of the Menger
property are examined. In this way we complement the study of weak covering
properties defined by selection principles.
Updated radio Σ - D relation for galactic supernova remnants - II
Authors: Vukotic B. , ciprijanovic A. , Vucetic M.M. , Onic D. , Urosevic D.
Published: January 2020

In this paper we present the updated empirical radio surface-
brightness-to-diameter (?-D) relation for Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs)
calibrated using 110 SNRs with reliable distances. We apply orthogonal
fitting procedure and kernel density smoothing in the ? ? D plane and compare
the results with the latest theoretical ? - D relations derived from
simulations of radio evolution of SNRs. We argue that the best agreement
between the empirical and simulated ? ? D relations is achieved if the
mixed-morphology SNRs and SNRs of both, low brightness and small diameter,
are filtered out from the calibration sample. The distances to 5 newly
discovered remnants and 27 new candidates for shell SNRs are estimated from
our full and filtered calibration samples.
Photometric and spectroscopic study of five pre-main sequence stars in the vicinity of NGC 7129
Authors: Semkov E.H. , Ibryamov S.I. , Peneva S.P.
Published: January 2020

We present results from long-term optical photometric and spectroscopic
observations of five pre-main sequence stars, located in the vicinity of the
bright nebula NGC 7129. We obtained UBVRI photometric observations in the
field centered on the star V391 Cep, north-west of the bright nebula NGC
7129. Our multicolor CCD observations spanned the period from February 1998
to November 2016. At the time of our photometric monitoring, a total of
thirteen medium-resolution optical spectra of the stars were obtained. The
results from our photometric study show that all stars exhibit strong
variability in all optical passbands. Long-term light curves of the five
stars indicate the typical classical T Tauri star variations in brightness
with large amplitudes. We did not find any reliable periodicity in the
brightness variations of all five stars. The results from spectral
observations showed that all studied stars can be classified as classical T
Tauri stars with rich emission line spectra and strong variability in
profiles and intensity of emission lines.
A new numerical code for hydrodynamical 3D simulations of supernova remnants
Authors: Kostic P.
Published: January 2020

We develop a 3D hydrodynamical code written in C programming language to
study the expansion of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the surrounding medium.
It is based on the MUSCL-Hancock finite volume scheme with the HLLC Riemann
solver. The code initiates the supernova remnant already in the Sedov phase
and simulates hydrodynamics of the subsequent remnant expansion. The
simulation is optimized for studies of large scale interaction of a
supernova remnant with the interstellar medium (ISM). After a detailed
description of the code, and three tests of hydrodynamics, we present the
results for a single remnant expanding into a uniform and fractally
structured ISM, as the first application of the code. The simulation of SNR
expanding in a uniform medium is compared with the Sedov law of expansion
and Sedov self-similar solution to density, velocity and pressure profiles.
The results indicate that the simulation presented here reproduces well the
hydrodynamics of the supernova remnant expansion and is very practical due
to its simplicity and speed. The SNR evolution in fractal ISM shows that
clumps disturb the blast wave and produce interference of bow shocks,
resulting in turbulent motions and inhomogenities inside the remnant.
Beyond universalism/social constructivism debate in the history of emotions: The case of acedia
Authors: Radenovic Ljiljana
Published: January 2020

Peter Toohey (2011) argues that the feeling of acedia, initially described by
the Desert Fathers, is a romanticized version of the simple boredom felt by
ordinary people. For Toohey, acedia is not real, but manufactured, i.e. a
socially constructed emotion, unlike regular boredom which is universally
felt. This distinction indicates that Toohey sides with universalist
approach to emotions, which helps him avoid relativism of social
constructivism in the history of emotions. However, by claiming that acedia
is manufactured emotion Toohey is in danger to negate the reality of an
emotional experience that many individuals seemed to have had. The goal of
this paper is to outline the way we can overcome the shortcomings of
Toohey?s approach to acedia. For this purpose, I argue, along with Griffiths
(1997), that all our emotions have their roots in both culture and biology.
I also argue that a job of a historian of emotions is to engage in the
phenomenology of emotions of our predecessors.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/THEO2003169E
Are all performatives statements?
Authors: Stojanovic-Prelevic Ivana
Published: January 2020

In this paper, I defend Austin?s thesis that performatives are not statements
by definition. Austin claimed that if promises are statements, we would not
talk about promises anymore, but rather about statements. He also
relativized the distinction between performatives and constatives. I assess
whether such a relativization corroborates the claim that performatives are
statements. I also criticize Kent Bach?s thesis that explicit performatives
are statements. Nevertheless, I endorse a view that some performatives are
statements (so-called performative statements). Another thesis I am going to
reject is that performatives should primarily be considered as statements,
and secondarily as promises, pieces of advice, and so on.
General and concrete phenomena: A conceptual framework for analysis of experiments and models
Authors: Rakonjac Stevan
Published: January 2020

Both experiments and models are crucial in science. In this paper we will
focus on the following questions about them: What are experiments and what
are models? What is the relationship between them and how are they
different? Are experiments and models equally good means for all scientific
purposes, or do one of them have advantage over the other in some respects.
Here we will offer a conceptual framework for dealing with these questions.
First section will deal with Uskali Maki?s understanding of experiments and
models, which highlits the concept of representation (Maki 2005). In the
second section we will try to show that it is instead better to analyse
experiments and models using the concepts of general phenomena and concrete
phenomena, which will be introduced, as well as the concept of
instantantiation. Using this conceptual framework, in the third section we
will analyze experiments and models and make different claims about them
than Maki does - Maki concludes that experiments and models are the same
kind of thing, while we will point out to a nontrivial distinction between
them. The distinction made here between experiments and models is very
similar to the one made between them on the basis of the ?materials? of
which they are made (Morgan 2005), but stating it in different terms and, we
belive, more precisely . We will use our conceptual framework to try to show
the adequacy of the distinction based on ?materials? and to show that Wendy
Parker does not succeed in proving the opposite by the examples she give
(sections 3.2 and 3.3). Using our conceptual framework, in sections 3.4 and
3.5, we will try to show that this difference in ?materials? makes
experiments better means for acquiring new knowledge about (unexplored)
phenomena and for testing theories than models.
Error theory: How we came to be bamboozled by our own words?
Authors: Pavlicic Jelena
Published: January 2020

The conversational contextualist is frequently faced with objections which
aim to show that her anti-skeptical argument founded on an ?error theory?
portrays a picture of the actual linguistic practice which is unsustainable.
In this article, the author strives to ascertain what is the validity and
argumentative power of these objections. The first part of the text
illustrates the key points on which the contextualist solution of the
sceptical problem is assessed as appealing, while the second part cites
multiple reasons to doubt its credibility, given that it incorporates an
?error theory?. Given the reconstruction of objections to the ?error
theory?, some of which we do not yet have an answer to, the author closes
with the insight that there is sufficient grounds to conclude that the
appeal of the conversational contextualist approach to problems of knowledge
is, to a large extent, and on multiple grounds, reduced.
The stoic notion of friendship
Authors: Plecas Tamara
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to examine the Stoic notion of friendship. First, we
will examine everyday and common understanding of friendship, and afterwards
we will examine philosophical understanding of ideal friendship that
influenced Stoics thought. Plato?s and Aristotle?s notion of friendship is
of great importance to the Stoics. The Stoics, faced with a number of
challenges, such as the problem of self-sufficiency outlined in Plato?s
Lysis, developed a normative ideal of friendship. That ideal, as we will
demonstrate, could also be developed under the influence of everyday
political friendships.
On the difference between the reasonable and the rational in normative political theory
Authors: Mladenovic Ivan
Published: January 2020

In this paper I will explore the importance of making the difference between
the reasonable and the rational for normative political theory. The starting
point of my analysis is Rawls?s distinction between the rational and the
reasonable in his later political philosophy. For Rawls one of the main
characteristics of reasonable persons is that they are able to offer the
justifications for their actions, but also for fair principles of
cooperation, in terms of reasons that all can accept. There are many
criticisms of this view of reasonable persons and its role within normative
political theory. My main concern, however, is whether the presupposition of
reasonableness is necessary if one already assumes that all individuals are
rational. I will argue that not only the reasonable, but the relationship
between the reasonable and the rational is crucially important for normative
political theory.
Surgical technique
Authors: Goodfellow John , O'Connor John , Pandit Hemant , Dodd Christopher , Murray David
Published: January 2020

The trays containing the tibial instruments, templates and trial components and those used with all sizes of femur are shown in Figure 7.1. A numbered list of illustrations of all the instruments, trial components and templates can be found at the end of this chapter. When a component or instrument is mentioned first in the following text, its number will be printed with square brackets. The five sizes of femoral component have different spherical radii of curvature. For each femoral size, there is a matching set of men iscal bearings in seven thicknesses, from 3 mm to 9 mm. There is a separate tray of instruments for each femoral size. The trays, one of which is shown in Figure 7.2, contain colour coded instruments and trial components specifically for use with one size of femoral component. They must not be mixed up so it is safer just to open one size.
Clinical Results
Authors: Goodfellow John , O'Connor John , Pandit Hemant , Dodd Christopher , Murray David
Published: January 2020

The results of UKA can be gathered from three main sources: the reports of the national registers, observational studies (both comparative and case series), and randomised controlled trials. In this chapter, we attempt an overview of the clinical results of UKA in general and OUKA in particular. It is important to note that the ‘result’ is of the whole arthroplasty which includes the indications, the technique as well as the implant.
Validity and informativity enhancement of ultrasonic testing of cast parts of railway rolling stock
Authors: Kireev A. N. , Sklifus Y. K. , Kireeva M. A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Due to the process reasons, the structure of cast parts of the railway rolling stock (RRS) often has embedded flaws that affect drastically their strength. The degree of impact depends on many factors including the shape and location of defects in the product. The shape of the defect has the greatest effect under alternating loads. This often refers to dynamically loaded parts of the RRS underframe. The defect oriented perpendicularly to the direction of tensile loads reduces the component life to the maximum. To identify embedded flaws, the parts are subjected to ultrasonic testing by the classical pulse-echo technique. However, such methods require increased validity and informativity. For example, they do not provide the determination of the type and orientation of the defect. 

Materials and Methods. Features, advantages and disadvantages of the classical pulse-echo technique of the ultrasonic non-destructive testing, which is based on the registration of the following echo signals, are considered:  sent; reflected from the opposite surface (bottom) of the object;  reflected from the defect (if any). The pulse arrival time is proportional to the thickness of the part. If there is a defect, this time is proportional to the distance from the pulse input surface to the defect. This method can determine the presence of a defect, but it cannot determine its type. 

Research Results. To determine the shape of a defect, a dualfrequency defectometry method is proposed. Its principle, algorithm and implemented analytical dependencies are described. When an echo signal from a defect is detected in the monitoring object, the amplitudes of the bottom signals and the amplitudes of the echo signals from the defect are measured at the ultrasonic wave frequencies of 2.5 MHz and 5.0 MHz. The defect shape factor is calculated from the analytical dependence; and the type of defect is determined. It can be volume (pores, shells, non-metallic inclusions) or planar (cracks, segregations, etc.).

Discussion and Conclusions. A dual-frequency defectometry method to determine the type of defect under the manual ultrasonic testing of the RRS cast parts is proposed in the paper. For an express automated use of the proposed method, the software product NDTRT-07.04-L is developed, and its operation algorithm is described. The application of the technique can increase the validity and informativity of the test results
Prior Telephone Confirmation to Reduce Absenteeism in Oncological Surgeries: A Phone Call That Saves Lives
Authors: Galvão de Souza Danielly Acioli , Brazorotto Joseli Soares , Sena Erika Maria Araújo Barbosa de , Vasconcelos Talita Lúcio Chaves , Medeiros Breno Carvalho de , Rêgo Amália Cinhtia Meneses , Araújo-Filho Irami
Published: January 2020

In assessing the quality of health services, the use of quality and resolution indicators used in the operating room stands out. The cancellation fee for operating procedures is one of the most important. Cancellations interfere with the outcome of care and increase hospital costs. In the case of cancer patients, the consequences are severe, since early surgical intervention directly influences prognosis, reducing morbidity, and mortality. Considering that surgical suspensions should be prevented, pre-anesthetic consultation and telephone confirmation days before the procedure configure strategies that can be adopted to minimize the problem. A descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted on the impact of previous telephone confirmation on the reduction of cancellation of oncologic surgeries due to absenteeism. The research was carried out at Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas (HUPAA/UFAL), city of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 205 patients with scheduled cancer surgery from January to June 2019, after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The effectiveness of previous telephone confirmation was verified, with a 50% reduction in cancellation of elective oncologic surgeries due to absenteeism. The implementation of a call center to confirm the presence of the user consisted of an impact strategy in reducing the cancellation of previously scheduled cancer surgeries.
IMPLIKASI JOB INSECURITY TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN INTENTION TO LEAVEN TO LEAVE
Authors: Riana I Gede , Minarsari Mira , Piartini Putu Saroyini
Published: January 2020

Pegawai yang menjalani penugasan di lembaga baru akan merasakan job insecurity dan kepuasan kerja yang berbeda dibandingkan tempat kerja sebelumnya. Kepuasan kerja dan job insecurity dapat mempengaruhi keinginan berpindah pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh job insecurity terhadap kepuasan kerja dan keinginan berpindah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Provinsi Bali dengan mengambil seluruh pegawai sebanyak 40 orang yang mendapatkan penugasan baru. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner menggunakan total 35 pernyataan.  Selanjutnya data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis  jalur menggunakan SPSS.20.  Hasil Penelitian ini menyimpulkan  bahwa job insecurity berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan Kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan berpindah pegawai. Sedangkan job insecurity tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keinginan berpindah.  Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pegawai pada penempatan baru memerlukan adanya kejelasan tentang jenjang karir di tempat yang baru. Disamping itu, perlu adanya sosialisasi prosedur kerja dan pemberdayaan agar pegawai mampu memahami berbagai hal yang berdampak pada pekerjaannya dan kinerja organisasional.
Syntax and the Chomskyan Revolution
Authors: SD Sudeep
Published: January 2020

Sounds make up morphemes, morphemes make up words, and words come together in sentences; in linguistics, the study of how words come together in sentences is called syntax.

The crucial insight is that forming sentences is not a mere matter of placing words in order one at a time. Rather, just as the phonemic/phonetic distinction underlies the mere assemblage of sounds, and just as conglomerations of morphemes underlie the surface rendition of words, in syntax there is what lies beneath and what is on the surface.
Beyond the Hills, A Vision, Silence
Authors: Nandi Srima
Published: January 2020

The gentle zephyrs
blows across the tarmac
And lifts my spirit
to its altar of life.
 
The fluffy clouds
 in the hills yonder,
Caresses the milky sky,
displaying moments of childish gestures.
 
A serene lake in
the yonder hills,
Creates tiny ripples of joy
and a harbinger of simple pleasures.
 
The birds fluttering their wings,
fills the meadows
 With their melodious strain,
spreading messages of peace and love.
 
An architect of webs,
the grey spider
Weaves intricate patterns
of subtle unknown flawless art.
 
I wish I could fly into
the wide blue yonder,
 And make a rendezvous
with the Almighty there, and
 
Speak to Him of dreams unfulfilled,
of hopes and aspirations unsurmised.
In the yonder hills, a bright future lies
a life of peace and harmony under the blue sky.
 
The foudroyant sun peeps yonder hills,
and smears the sea with crimson shrills.
The waters incredible silence and the playful brills,
makes the yonder hills a place of thrill.
 
The orphic nature in the hills beyond,
with marigolds and chrysanthemums all profound
Makes my querencia filled with strength abound,
a place of quietude and stillness around.
EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Grammar Instruction in Oman: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Al-Qutaiti Yaqoub Obaid , Mohin Mohaida
Published: January 2020

Teachers of English and other concerned educators try hard to make their students be fluent and accurate users of English. In order to achieve that aim, they should ensure that they have students who rarely or never make language errors. During their studying period, students must see the difficulties, challenges, and rewards of using the language correctly and accurately. They have to obtain a better understanding of how language is structured and interconnected logically. More importantly, EFL teachers and other educators should enhance the idea of how students can use correct English in their lives inside and outside classrooms. The main purpose of this study is to investigate EFL teachers’ perceptions pertaining to grammar teaching, correction of students’ grammatical mistakes and the challenges that are prevalent when teaching grammar in the Omani context. In addition, the study advocates some practical recommendations to EFL teachers, supervisors, teacher trainers, curriculum developers and assessment officers ascribed to grammar teaching.
Grotowski‘´s Poor Theatre: An Experiment in Theatre
Authors: Chandra Uniyal, Dr. Bipin
Published: January 2020

This research paper is about Grotowski‘´s  poor theatre. Before Grotowski‘´s there were many theatre, but these theatre were not suitable for Grotowski‘´s purpose. Before Grotowski‘´s theatre there were Schechner‘´s Environmental theatre, Stainslavaski‘´s  Experimental theatre, Meyerhold‘´s  Avant-grade theatre, Alexander Tiraov‘´s  Kamerney theatre, Brecht‘´s Epic theatre, Judith Malina and Tulian Beck‘´s Living theatre, Bread and Puppet theatre by Peter Schumana. During the 1960‘´s a voice of deploration came by a number of persons, who demanded the abandonment of every element of the theatre borrowed from other media and not really required. This leading exponent was Jerzy Grotowski‘´s Poor theatre.
Radical Voices in Indian English Poetry: A Study of the Poetry of Kamala Das
Authors: Goswami Dr. Karabi
Published: January 2020

The creative genius of Kamala Das, one of the most prominent voices of protest in Indian English Literature is often compared to the American poet Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton as both of them used the confessional mode of writing in their poetry. Kamala Das, born in 1934 in Thrissur district of kerela emerged as a distinctive poetic voice with the publication of the first volume of her poetry Summer in Calcutta. In her poems Kamala Das has always raised a voice against the conventionalized figure of a woman, seeking a more dignified and honourable position for woman as an entity. In fact her poetry addresses the most critical issue in the contemporary society-the need to awaken the women. Her poetry collections include- Summer in Calcutta (1965), The Descendents (1967), The Old Playhouse and Other poems (1973), Tonight, This Savage Rite (1979), The Collected Poems (1984). My Story published in 1976 is her autobiography
Sukru Jani: A Legendary Protagonist In Gopinath Mohanty’s Paraja
Authors: Kumari Savita
Published: January 2020

Paraja is a marvelous historiography of the tribal community known as Paraja and the people living in the deep forest area surrounded by river and ponds. It narrates the atrocities laid on the family of a tribal person by the money lender and the forest guard and exploitation of poverty-ridden Sukru Jani. Though he is illiterate he stands like a pillar against the social power systems which marginalize the people living in the backward region following the rites and ritual inherited from the tradition. The government agencies and the village landlords exploit the tribal people who surrender to their cruel plans due to the lack of knowledge and ignorance. However it is shown through Sukru Jani, the protagonist, who is a representative of the many symbolic tribal people, that though poor and illiterate, they are sensible and wise to measure the ills done by the high caste people and when the time asks for, they can take drastic action against the person responsible for their misery and ruin.
An Assessment of The Foreign Trade Structure of Afghanistan Agricultural Products
Authors: RAHİMİ Mohammad Sharif , ARTUKOĞLU Metin
Published: January 2020

Agriculture is traditionally a driving force of the Afghan economy with the majority of the Afghans rely on agriculture to feed their families and earn a livelihood. Prior to Taliban rule and decades of conflict, Afghanistan was not only able to produce enough food for its own population but also exported many agricultural products, such as almonds, pomegranates, pistachios, raisins, apricots…etc. Nevertheless, agriculture is now on the way to recovery. This paper aims at assessing the role of agriculture in Afghanistan’s economy and recent agriculture development after Taliban Government. The paper further highlights the place and importance of agriculture in Afghanistan foreign trade, economy in general, international trade status and importance of the geographical position including its natural resources for future development. According to the finding, the agricultural products contributed about 73.3 % to the total export in Afghanistan as of 2016 with 61.6% labor force engaged in this sector. It is one of the major contributors to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) after service which was 20.5% in 2017. Simulations with an economy wide model show that by raising productivity in agriculture, Afghanistan could raise its GDP growth rate to 5.8 percent annually, on average, over the next ten years. Therefore, it is essential for Afghanistan to make better use of it geographical location opportunities in the region to realize its potential for regional and international trade
Evacuation and Re-Evacuation of Educational Institutions and Students of the State Labor Reserves during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Zakharovsky L. V. , Razinkov S. L.
Published: January 2020

The processes of evacuation of educational institutions and students of the State labor reserves in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region are investigated. Key priorities are being reconstructed for their placement, arrangement in new places, integration into the structure of the needs of the region's military economy, and subsequent re-evacuation. The analysis of documents of various government bodies, public organizations and materials of personal origin. The systematic information on the evacuation of students of colleges and workschools (FZO) from the western regions of the USSR to the Sverdlovsk region is presented. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the functioning of educational institutions of state labor reserves during the evacuation period. It is emphasized that the reduction in the evacuation of educational institutions since 1943 leads to an increase in the demand of the Sverdlovsk region for the prepositioning of army conscripts from other regions of the country. The conclusion is drawn about the overall effectiveness of the evacuation policy in relation to educational institutions of state labor reserves. At the same time, there are examples of numerous private failures of the evacuation mechanism of colleges and schools of the federal educational institutions, which are explained by the negative role of a number of general principles that form the basis of the system of state labor reserves.
Experience of Preservation of Traditional Culture and Interaction between Society and State in National Parks of Austria (by Example of National Park “Hohe Tauern”)
Authors: Kurinskikh P. A.
Published: January 2020

On the example of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” some aspects of preservation of traditional culture in national parks of Austria are considered. The raised problem is the subject of interdisciplinary research: history, ethnocultural studies, ethnological regional studies, sociology. The relevance of the study is determined by the risks of loss of identity for a number of ethnic groups, the need to protect, preserve and present their traditional culture. Special attention is paid to the issues of correlation and revival of traditional knowledge, appeal to ethnic self-identification, obtaining economic benefits. The author traces the ways of solving these problems on the basis of the analysis of the experience gained in Austria in the organization of interaction between the population living in the national park, its management, the public and public authorities through the choice of special social technologies, including “folklorism.” Special attention is paid to the orientation of the country’s economy to increase the tourist flow. On the basis of the analysis of the problems the author came to a conclusion that the activities of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” most fully reflects the principles laid down by the Alpine Convention aimed at the development of recreational potential of the territory due to the disclosure of its historical and cultural potential. The experience of the National Park “Hohe Tauern” reflects the effectiveness of international legal documents in the field of sustainable long-term development at the micro level.
PERFORMANCE ALLOWANCES IN THE AL-'ADL PERSPECTIVE (STUDY AT THE INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF RELIGION, GOWA REGENCY)
Authors: Hafid Hikmah Pratiwi , Said Salma , Abdullah Wahyuddin
Published: January 2020

This study discusses the Performance Allowance in the perspective of al-'Adl in the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, Gowa Regency. This type of research is a type of qualitative descriptive study with a phenomelogical approach that explains the phenomena and their meaning for individuals by conducting interviews with a number of individuals and the location of the study was conducted at the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, Gowa Regency. Sources of data obtained consisted of primary data sources of 12 informants, as well as secondary data. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the process of receiving performance allowances in the manner of payment and giving, addition, and reduction of performance allowances is in accordance with government regulations. In addition, the value of Al-'Adl is an imbalance in the receipt of performance benefits with employee performance which is assessed through employee performance appraisal. The value of Al-'Adl is that there is no equality in providing training opportunities and infrastructure for employees. The value of Al-'Adl is that there is a mismatch in the receipt of performance allowances based on the time of payment, employee workload, and employee obligations.
THE DYNAMICS OF MUHAMMADIYAH'S PRESERVATION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS IN EDUCATION IN SIKKA DISTRICT, FLORES, NTT.
Authors: Mas’ud Ibnu
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the Muhammadiyah Association in Sikka Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Because this study is a qualitative study, the authors use an educational approach, a sociological approach and a religious approach as an analysis tool to approach the study in question. The source of scientific data obtained from the management, leaders and cadres Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah in Sikka Regency; school principals, teachers and students at Muhammadiyah schools in Sikka Regency; document; and observations. The instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data display, and data verification. Triangulation is used to test the validity of the data. The researcher came to the conclusion that Muhammadiyah thought had been in contact with Muslim Sikka Regency since 1937, brought by Mr. Husaini Daeng Maramba who came from Selayar, South Sulawesi. Many obstacles faced by Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah Sikka Regency, including: multiple positions, lack of human resources, lack of funds and land, lack of maximum cadre enthusiasm and Muslim awareness of the importance of education are still lacking. Various efforts have been made including: regeneration, withdrawal of contributions, submission of proposals for aid, establishing cooperation, finding land outside Muslim villages, undertaking religious and familial approaches, exemplary, earnest sacrifice, earnest determination and earnest effort, ta'awun between business charity and sincerity are the basis in every movement.
Impactos socioeconômicos do complexo eólico Canoas e Lagoas a partir da percepção da comunidade local
Authors: Lavor Otávio Paulino , Costa Isis dos Santos
Published: January 2020

A busca por fontes alternativas de energia vem ascendendo consideravelmente no mundo em virtude das preocupações ambientais e econômicas, a energia eólica surge nesse contexto. No Brasil a região Nordeste merece destaque, pois se tornou uma das principais regiões concentradoras de projetos deste setor, conhecida por sua forte irradiação solar e pelas altas temperaturas, a região interiorana do estado da Paraíba, Seridó paraibano, foi recentemente descoberta pela Força Eólica do Brasil (FEB), em virtude do seu alto potencial para aproveitamento eólico. A empresa implantou na localidade o complexo eólico Canoas e Lagoas, formado por três parques: Lagoa I e II e Canoas, contando com quarenta e cinco aerogeradores distribuídos nos municípios de Santa Luzia, São José do Sabugí e Junco do Seridó. Nesse sentido, o estudo realiza abordagens nesta área, e a partir do que vem sendo mencionado, o trabalho objetiva avaliar as perspectivas de impactos socioeconômicos acarretados pela construção dos parques eólicos nas cidades citadas, pretendendo visar as expectativas de geração de emprego esperado pelos moradores, bem como a melhoria da economia para a região, e a investigação da perspectiva do comércio local para desenvolvimento do seu negócio, destacando-se os ramos alimentício e imobiliário. Foi utilizado o método da revisão bibliográfica e jornada de campo, aplicou-se questionários durante o mês de dezembro de 2017, que buscaram coletar as opiniões da população dos municípios estudados. Dessa forma, constatou-se que o empreendimento da FEB gerou impactos sociais e econômicos positivos na região, onde foi possível verificar a forma na qual as pessoas foram beneficiadas.

Palavras chaves: Energia eólica. Paraíba. Impactos socioeconômicos.
Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity
Authors: Seven Zeynep Deniz , Alabay Erhan
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the interactions of mothers and 30-42 months old children
living in large and nuclear family types in the context of maternal sensitivity. In this study, one of the
qualitative research methods, embedded multi-case research was used. The participants of the study
consisted of 8 mothers living in 4 large-4 nuclear family types and their children aged 30-42 months
in the town of Muş. Descriptive-interpretive data analysis was used to describe the interactions of
the studied group in depth by using natural and structured observation, mother-child information
form and mother-child observation form. It was observed that children send their messages verbally,
mothers' reactions are mostly positive in the extended family, mostly in the negative nuclear family,
and mothers of both family types exhibit very limited behaviors in showing and sharing their
feelings, showing cooperation and coordination behaviors, physical contact and eye contact. It is
thought that mothers who have moved from extended families to nuclear families have
predominantly extended family behavior patterns in these respects.
Stability and Transparency of Delayed Bilateral Teleoperation with Haptic Feedback
Authors: Estrada Edgar , Yu Wen , Li Xiaoou
Published: January 2020

Haptic guidance can improve control accuracy in bilateral teleoperation. With haptic sensing, the human operator feels that he grabs the robot on the remote side. There are results on the stability and transparency analysis of teleoperation without haptic guidance, and the analysis of teleoperation with haptic feedback is only for linear and zero time-delay systems. In this paper, we consider more general cases: the bilateral teleoperation systems have time-varying communication delays, the whole systems are nonlinear, and they have force feedback. By using the admittance human operator model, we propose a new control scheme with the interaction passivity of the teleoperator. The stability and transparency of the master-slave system are proven with the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed control methods.
Multimodality Imaging in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bolea Batar Florina , Eminovici Gabriela , Bebeselea Andra-Maria , Manitiu Ioan
Published: January 2020

Ischemic heart disease is the most common heart pathology in medical practice. Proper assessment of the size of myocardium injury and its consequences on the heart function is extremely important both for a correct drug therapy and for interventional approach. Most frequently the left ventricle is affected. The need for accurate evaluation of the impact of left ventricular myocardial damage has led to the development of new imaging techniques and improvement of the existing ones. At the moment the most commonly used imaging method for the assessment of left ventricular function is echocardiography. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and nuclear tomography are precious imaging techniques as well. They are more expensive but bring valuable information when used in adequate situations.
Improvement of the National Research, Development and Innovation Strategy 2014-2020 in Comparison with the National Research, Development and Innovation Strategy 2007-2013
Authors: Alecusan Ana Maria , Dimitrescu Andrei , Adir George
Published: January 2020

The European Union regularly develops research, development, innovation (RDI) strategies for seven years for member countries. Romania benefited from the first RDI strategy during the period 2000-2007, during which our country was trying to meet the conditions of EU accession. Romania is a member of the EU since 1st January 2007 and started, based on the EU’s RDI strategy, to develop its own strategy. The present paper aims to analyze the achievement of the general and specific objectives established by National Strategy for Research, Development and Innovation (NSRDI) 2007-2013, the evolution of the results 2014-2017 and what could be the measures and programs taken by Romania in 2019-2020 to bring our country closer to achieving the established objectives through NSRDI for the period 2014-2020.
Customizable Patient-Specific Cutting Guide for High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Petruse Radu Emanuil , Cofaru Nicolae Florin , Cofaru Ileana Ioana
Published: January 2020

The paper is an interdisciplinary medical and engineering approach that aims to optimize the accuracy of the High Tibial Osteotomy surgical intervention. The axial deviations of the human inferior limb are presented in the first part of the paper. Without altering the shape of the bones, these deviations cause the wear of the knee’s articular cartilage by gonarthrosis. One of the most common and effective treatment modalities for eliminating axial deviations is High Tibial Osteotomy. Because the surgical procedure involves 3D spatial bone cutting, the accuracy of the procedure and thus the success of the operation and the recovery of the patient is dependent on the execution of these cuts. Within this paper, a specialized device is proposed that makes it possible to guide the surgical saw and to accurately perform the correction angles. In the last part of the paper, customization possibilities and fabrication of the main elements of the cutting device using Additive Manufacturing processes are presented.
How grassland management methods affect spider diversity
Authors: Szmatona-Túri Tünde , Vona-Túri Diána , Urbán László , Weiperth András , Magos Gábor
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this paper is to report the effect of shrub removal, mowing, and grazing as grassland management methods on spider diversity. Sampling was conducted in the Mátra Mountains and four disturbed main road verges in Hungary. Shrub removal and mowing positively affected diversity. Moderate grazing caused increasing diversity, but intensive grazing reduced spider diversity. The intensity of mowing maintenance had various effects on diversity depending on the landscape impact. It is worth reducing the intensity of the application of mosaic treatments and considering the long-term maintenance of edge habitats in these areas.
Lettuce production in aquaponic and hydroponic systems
Authors: Kovácsné Madar Ágota , Rubóczki Tímea , Takácsné Hájos Mária
Published: January 2020

Besides soil cultivation, there are other alternative methods such as the aquaponic and the hydroponic technology.

In our research, four lettuce varieties (‘Edina’, ‘Május királya’, ‘Lollo Rossa’, and ‘Lollo Bionda’) were compared by the use of different systems. In hydroponics, the direct nutrient supply resulted higher leaf weight. In addition, multiple values of nitrate (269.50–406.50 mg kg-1) were measured in this system compared to the aquaponic system (23.25–170.00 mg kg-1). The ‘Lollo Rossa’ stood out with higher element content (Zn, B, and Mg) in both cultivation methods.

In conclusion, it can be stated that higher nutrient content in hydroponics resulted higher leaf weight, but nitrate values were also higher in this unit. Aquaponic technology can be used to produce high-quality (low-nitrate) lettuce with the ‘Lollo Rossa’ and ‘Lollo Bionda’ varieties.
Selenium-sulphur effects on the chemical composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. cv. Verko)
Authors: Garousi F. , Greef J. M.
Published: January 2020

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, and the ability of some crops to accumulate Se is crucial for human and animal nutrition and health. Se deficiency can cause white muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness, heart failure, unthriftiness, and death in livestock. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sulphur (S) on Se concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. cv. Verko) as a nonhyperaccumulator plant. Alfalfa plants grown in the field were treated foliarly with 3 g Se ha−1solutions of selenate, 3 g S ha−1sulphate, and both. The concentration of Se in both the leaves and stems of plants was similar in the control and S-treated plants. Se concentration in plants treated with S was undetectable, as expected. S was shown to enhance Se accumulation in alfalfa. Furthermore, although foliar Se + S spray increased biomass, photosynthetic pigments decreased peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content. Overall, results suggested that foliar Se + S spray can be applied as a biofortification to improve alfalfa plants with appropriate amounts of Se and better nutritional as well as functional quality.
Entrepreneurship Education in Mathematics Education for Future Primary School Teachers
Authors: Summer Anita
Published: January 2020

Teachers act as role models and through their activities are active co-designers of future generations. Independent thinking and taking responsible, sustainable actions form the basis for a vibrant society. Entrepreneurship skills can already be fostered in primary school children. This requires well-trained primary school teachers. The following text deals with the contents of “Entrepreneurship Education and Mathematics”, which the curriculum provides for primary school children as well as for students of primary school education. In a case study the author describes the implementation of a course at the University College of Teacher Education Vienna/Krems as taught since 2015.