bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unexpected new flightless dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Endroedyolini) from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa
Authors: DANIEL GIMO M. , STRÜMPHER WERNER P. , DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M.
Published: January 2022

Silvaphilus joselmae Daniel, Strümpher & Deschodt, new species is diagnosed and described from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa. The tribal affiliation of Silvaphilus Roets & Oberlander, 2010 is briefly discussed. We revise some generic characters and update the key for the species and genera in the tribe Endroedyolini Davis, Deschodt & Scholtz, 2019. We also provide a distribution map of the two Silvaphilus species.
Five new species in the predaceous midge genus Macrurohelea Ingram & Macfie from Argentina, and descriptions of the previously unknown males of M. kuscheli Wirth and M. monotheca Spinelli & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: SPINELLI GUSTAVO R. , RONDEROS MARIA M. , GROGAN WILLIAM L. JR.
Published: January 2022

Five new Neotropical species in the predaceous midge genus Macrurohelea Ingram & Macfie are described: M. bassoi, M. donatoi, M. morenoi, M. sirii, and M. ventanensis, n. spp. and the previously unknown males of M. kuscheli Wirth and M. monotheca Spinelli & Grogan are described from specimens collected in several localities of Argentina and Chile. Illustrations and photomicrographs of key features of both sexes are provided as well as a key to all Neotropical species of Macrurohelea.
Resisting or maintaining gender inequality? Wedding traditions among Norwegian millennials
Authors: Ellingsæter Anne Lise
Published: January 2022

Historically, wedding traditions have reflected unequal power dynamics between women and men. Anglo-American studies suggest that despite growing gender equality in society and preferences for egalitarian marriages among young adults, wedding traditions perpetuate patriarchal ideas. This article explores this puzzle in the Nordic context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with Norwegian millennials, 27 women and men, who were soon to be married or had been recently. How this new generation navigates three wedding traditions rooted in gender inequality — the male marriage proposal, the gendered division of wedding planning and women's change of surname — was investigated by identifying gender dynamics at the institutional, interactional and individual level. The study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it brings new insights into whether and how wedding traditions are maintained or resisted in a Nordic context, extending existing Anglo-American research. Second, representing a novel empirical lens to the Nordic context, the study also advances knowledge about the progress in gender equality in a hitherto little studied domain.
Synthesis of a phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardant and the fabrication of flame retardant cotton
Authors: Liu Yansong , Zhang Jiayue , Ren Yuanlin , Zhang Guoli , Liu Xiaohui
Published: January 2022

A novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardant (APNTHE) was synthesized through the reaction of N, N, N′, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine, phosphoric acid and urea. Then, the APNTHE solution with a concentration of 120 g/L was used for the preparation of flame retardant cotton (FR-cotton). The elemental compositions, surface morphology, thermal stability and combustion behavior of the cotton before and after modification were investigated. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the char residue of the treated fabric at 800°C was as high as 35.09% under a nitrogen atmosphere. Flammability tests after different LCs indicated that FR-cotton had durable flame retardancy. Compared to the blank sample, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the FR-cotton decreased by 91.89% and 90.53%, respectively. The char residual and TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated that APNTHE played a flame retardant role both in the gas phase and the condensed phase. All the results demonstrated that APNTHE can be regarded as a prospective flame retardant for cotton.
Polymicrobial growth in standard urine culture: Time to Act or Ignore?
Authors: Nityadarshini Neha , Mohapatra Sarita , Gautam Hitender , Jain Vishesh , Chaudhry Rama , Kapil Arti
Published: January 2022

Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) remains a clinical challenge. A monobacterial growth in standard urine culture is diagnostic while polymicrobial growth is usually considered as contaminants. However, in certain cases, true mixed infections may exist making it important to correctly identify the pathogens and streamline the therapy. Communication between the clinician and microbiologist is essential to establish the right diagnosis at right time. Here, we would like to share our experience about a polymicrobial UTI in a paediatric patient in which coordinated discussion between the clinical team and microbiologist was helpful for favourable outcome.
Impact of leadership style on employee commitment in Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Authors: HassenYimam Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of leadership styles on employee commitment at Bahir Dar University. Methodology: In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a cross-sectional survey design was conducted on a sample of 372 employees from eight different campuses of Bahir Dar University. A stratified sampling technique was applied so as to obtain a representative sample of respondents from campuses. Both academic and administrative staff members were participated in the study. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results of the research showed that transformational and transactional leadership style have a positive and significant impact on employee commitment in Bahir Dar University. For laissez-faire leadership style, the results of regression analysis indicated that there is a negative and significant impact on employee commitment in Bahir Dar University. Finally, the study recommended that both transformational and transactional leadership behaviors can play a major role in developing and improving employee commitment in Bahir Dar University. Originality: This manuscript is written from the raw data collected by author of this manuscript. So, it is original work.
Executive Confidence: A Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Heavey Ciaran , Simsek Zeki , Fox Brian Curtis , Hersel Matt C.
Published: January 2022

Over the past two decades, scholars of management, finance, accounting, economics, and entrepreneurship have studied the concept and implications of executive confidence in diverse settings. Despite sustained scholarly attention, numerous definitions, interpretations, and operationalizations of executive confidence present a problem for understanding past research and informing future progress. Equally problematic is that past research remains scattered across multiple disciplines, lacking a cohesive and comprehensive integration. Based on an in-depth review of 118 executive confidence studies and 268 studies in the wider confidence literature, we marshal the literature into four overarching themes for an encompassing understanding: (i) conceptualization of executive confidence, (ii) governance mechanisms and pathways of influence, (iii) implications and outcomes, and (iv) origins and antecedents. We leverage the insights of our review to discuss a richer conceptualization of executive confidence and chart an agenda for future research across each of the four themes of our review.
Network Meta-Analysis for Single-Case Design Studies: An Illustration
Authors: Barbosa Mendes Ana , Jamshidi Laleh , Van den Noortgate Wim , Fernández-Castilla Belén
Published: January 2022

Single-case designs (SCDs) are used to evaluate the effects of interventions on individual participants. By repeatedly measuring participants under different conditions, SCD studies focus on individual effects rather than on group summaries. The main limitation of SCDs remains its generalisability to wider populations, reducing the relevance of their findings for practice and policy making. With this limitation in mind, methodological developments for synthesising SCD data from different studies that investigate the same research question have intensified in the past decades (e.g. multilevel modelling). However, these techniques are restricted to comparing two interventions at a time and can only incorporate evidence from studies that directly compare the two treatments of interest. These limitations could be addressed by using network meta-analysis that incorporates both direct and indirect evidence to simultaneously compare multiple interventions. Despite its potential, network meta-analytical techniques have yet to be applied to SCD data. Thus, in this paper, we argue that network meta-analysis can be a valuable tool to synthesise SCD data. We demonstrate the use of network meta-analysis in SCD data using a real dataset, and we conclude by reflecting on the challenges that SCD researchers might face when applying network meta-analysis methods to their data.
Individual healing from infidelity and breakup for emerging adults: a grounded theory
Authors: Fife Stephen T. , Theobald Alex C. , Gossner Jacob D. , Yakum Britney N. , White Kelsey L.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Infidelity is a relationship betrayal that can lead to significant negative individual and relational outcomes. When infidelity leads to relationship dissolution, this can further exacerbate these challenges. The purpose of the present study is to develop a grounded theory of the process of healing from infidelity and consequent relationship dissolution for non-straying partners who are emerging adults. Methods: We employed constructivist grounded theory ( Charmaz, 2014 ) to conduct and analyze semi-structured interviews with 22 emerging adults who had experienced infidelity in a dating relationship and were no longer with their former partner. Results: We present a grounded theory of the process of healing from infidelity and breakup for emerging adults consisting of four stages and three interrelated dimensions—emotional, relational, and personal—within a healing context of supportive relationships. Unhelpful contact with the former partner constituted a significant setback to healing. Conclusion: This study builds on previous research about healing from infidelity ( O’Connor & Canevello, 2019 ) and relationship breakup ( Hebert & Popadiuk, 2008 ) for emerging adults and highlights the importance of supportive relationships and attending to emotional, relational, and personal dimensions of healing. Our findings also suggest that clinical assessment and intervention should address these aspects of healing and be informed by elapsed time since infidelity and relationship dissolution.
The Frequency of Contacting Persons you Dreamed About: A Social Aspect of Dreaming
Authors: Schredl Michael , Göritz Anja S.
Published: January 2022

Although dreams are very private, dreaming has also social components, i.e., dreams are shared quite often. We studied the frequency of how often the dreamer deliberately contacted another person because s/he dreamed about this person, as this might intensify the waking-life bonds with this person. Overall, 2929 participants completed the dream survey, and a subsample also completed a Big Five Personality inventory. The findings indicate that 37% of the participants contacted other persons because they dreamed about them. Dream recall frequency, attitude towards dreaming, younger age, and female gender was associated with contacting the person(s) dreamed of. Moreover, extraversion was also related to the frequency of contacting the person(s) dreamed of – similar to the relationship found for dream sharing frequency and extraversion. However, the association with low conscientiousness is a new finding. It would be very interesting to test whether this social behavior (contacting another person) motivated by dreams strengthens the social bonds between the dreamer and the contacted person(s) and thereby provide support for the Social Simulation Theory.
Combination 5-Fluorouracil and Microneedling Therapy for Wound Modification: A Histological Murine Study
Authors: Watson Alison H. , O’Mary Hannah L. , Cui Zhengrong , Baer Susan C. , Somogyi Marie B. , Homer Natalie , Blaydon Sean M. , Huggins Jonathan , Shore John W. , Durairaj Vikram D. , Nakra Tanuj
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Microneedling has been shown to enhance the efficacy of topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of dermatologic malignancies that along with our anecdotal clinical success of combination treatments for scar modification led the authors to investigate the effect of 5-FU and microneedling on wound healing. The current study evaluates the clinical and histological impact of topical 5-FU and microneedling therapy, separately, and in combination in a murine model.

Methods:

This is a randomized controlled trial in which 20 mice were randomized to 4 treatment groups: group 1 (n = 5) controls, group 2 (n = 5) microneedling alone, group 3 (n = 5) 5-FU alone, and group 4 (n = 5) combination 5-FU and microneedling. The interventions of interest were carried out on postoperative day 5, 10, 15, and 20 after wound induction. The clinical and histological wound appearance was graded by blinded oculoplastic surgeons and a blinded dermatopathologist, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn test for individual comparisons of treatment groups.

Results:

Blinded grading of the wound healing appearance at early, intermediate, and late healing time points demonstrated a statistically significant difference at the intermediate time point only. Histological analysis demonstrated a relative increase in epidermal thickness, dermal inflammation, and fibrosis in the combination treatment group. Statistically significant differences among the groups were identified in the degree of lymphocytic inflammation and for the amount of granulomatous inflammation.

Discussion:

This study was the first of its kind to investigate combination treatment with 5-FU and microneedling on a histopathologic level. In a murine model, this combination treatment resulted in increased degrees of wound inflammation and fibrosis relative to controls, and each treatment alone suggesting a histological basis that may relate to clinical impact, although future study in this area, to better understand the impact of these changes, is needed.

Conclusion:

Combination treatment with 5-FU and microneedling results in a histological increase in the degree of wound inflammation and fibrosis relative to controls and each treatment alone.
The evil within: The AMORAL model of dark creativity
Authors: Kapoor Hansika , Kaufman James C.
Published: January 2022

The dark side of creativity entails using original thought to meet a selfish, negative, or evil goal, with or without the deliberate intent to harm others. Recent empirical advances have studied the behavioral correlates of such creativity, including associations with aggression, deception, and subclinical psychopathy. The time, therefore, seems apt to propose a theoretical framework for dark creativity’s development and manifestation. This article outlines the AMORAL model of dark creativity, which traces a creative action from its Antecedents to Mechanisms and Operants to its Realization, and to the subsequent Aftereffects and Legacy of the act. We use both real-life and simulated examples to illustrate the application of the theory across multiple domains, from law enforcement to interpersonal relationships. Our goal is to help guide future scholarship and measurement.
External Intimacy: Community-based Intervention Concerning Crime and the Integral State in Quebec
Authors: González Castillo Eduardo
Published: January 2022

This article deals with the contradictory way in which community-based intervention concerning crime relates to political domination and to the institutions of the State in Quebec, Canada by exploring the pertinence of the Gramscian conception of civil society. Surprisingly, although Antonio Gramsci offers an interesting set of concepts for the study of the relationship between civil society and government institutions, his ideas have rarely been used to understand community intervention in general and that related to public security in particular. Gramscian concepts such as civil society, political society, hegemony, and the integral State strike us as particularly useful in this regard. In our opinion, they offer a much more comprehensive view of the current relationship between community action (civil society) and the criminal justice system (the government) than narratives that insist on the alleged autonomy of civil society and on the weakening of the State. To show the utility of these concepts, we used them to understand community tensions related to racially discriminatory practices by police officers in the multiethnic borough of Montréal-Nord in Montreal.
Zooming In: Courtrooms and Defendants’ Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nir Esther , Musial Jennifer
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 placed unprecedented strains on criminal court systems, necessitating moves to digital platforms with little preparation. To study the influence of virtual courtrooms on defendant rights (e.g. effective assistance of counsel, speedy and public trials, among others), we qualitatively analyzed the journals of 44 student court watchers, documenting their observations of online court proceedings in a single state in the Northeastern United States. We find that virtual courtrooms are highly disorganized and fraught with technical malfunctions, compromising defendants’ appearances online, and impeding their ability to confer with counsel and address the court. Defendants with less access to digital platforms and incarcerated individuals are disproportionately impacted. Further, court actors tend to treat virtual court in a casual manner and are often unprepared to litigate cases, resulting in undue delays, and extended periods of pre-trial detention. Policy recommendations to improve technologies and administrative procedures are discussed.
Airway and Feeding Outcomes in Pierre Robin Sequence: A Comparison of Three Management Strategies
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Aldabbeh Summer , Pearson Gregory D. , Baylis Adriane , Madhoun Lauren L. , Schoenbrunner Anna , Splaingard Mark , Kirschner Richard E.
Published: January 2022

Background

Controversy remains regarding optimal management of Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). The goal of this study was to compare airway and feeding outcomes in infants with PRS who underwent surgical intervention, specifically mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) or tongue-lip adhesion (TLA), or who had conservative management (CM) without surgery.

Methods

All consecutive patients treated for PRS at a pediatric academic medical center, with at least one year follow-up, were included. Patients who underwent tracheostomy as an index procedure were excluded. Patients were divided into those who underwent MDO, TLA or CM. Feeding status and data from initial and follow-up polysomnograms were collected. Comparisons between groups were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney pairwise comparison with a Bonferroni correction, when appropriate.

Results

67 neonates were included. 19 underwent TLA, 29 underwent MDO and 19 underwent CM. The proportions of syndromic patients were similar between groups. Patients undergoing CM had the lowest baseline AHI (9.1), but there were no significant differences between TLA (20.1) and MDO (25.4). At follow-up, the three groups had similar mean AHI (MDO 1.3, TLA 4.2, CM 4.5). A similar proportion of patients achieved AHI 5 or less (TLA 89.5%, MDO 96.6%, CM 84.2%). At one year, there were no significant differences in weight percentiles or in risk of failure-to-thrive between groups. One patient from the TLA group required a tracheostomy.

Conclusion

The three treatment modalities achieved high airway and feeding success rates. All three modalities should have a place in the armamentarium of the craniofacial surgeon.
Subnational Elections and Media Freedom in Autocracies: Diffusion of Local Reputation and Regime Survival
Authors: Jang JunHyeok
Published: January 2022

What is the effect of subnational elections on autocratic regime survival? The existing literature suggests that holding subnational elections help foster autocratic regime stability. I argue that the benefit of subnational elections for regime survival is conditional on a lack of media freedom: As the level of media freedom increases, the positive influence of holding subnational elections on regime survival decreases. This is because subnational elections provide local politicians with opportunities to build good reputations, and when good reputations formed at the local level spread to other jurisdictions via relatively free media, citizens can use them as a focal point to coordinate against the regime. Using the quantitative analysis of Time-Series Cross-Sectional data, I find empirical support for my theory.
Promoting Self-Determination in Parents With Mental Illness in Adult Mental Health Settings
Authors: Goodyear Melinda J. , Allchin Becca , Burn Matthew , von Doussa Henry , Reupert Andrea , Tchernegovski Phillip , Sheen Jade , Cuff Rose , Obradovic Angela , Solantaus Tytti , Maybery Darryl
Published: January 2022

This article reports a strengths-based intervention to support parents with mental illness and their children in adult mental health settings: “Let’s Talk About Children” (LTC) intervention. A qualitative methodology was adopted with parent participants receiving LTC in adult mental health and family services. The benefits for parents receiving LTC were described through in-depth interviews with 25 parents following the delivery of the program. Interview data identified an impact on parental self-regulation—mainly through a change in a sense of agency as a parent—and skill building, once a clearer picture of their child’s everyday life was understood. This study outlines the benefits of talking with parents about the strengths and vulnerabilities of their children during routine mental health treatment. The role for self-determination of parents in preventive interventions for children is an important consideration for mental health recovery, and it also helps to break the cycle of transgenerational mental illness within families.
Successful administration of mitotane (O, p′-DDD) in pediatric oncology
Authors: Strobbe Geoffrey , Fraipont Félicie , Raimbault Sandra , Mercier Sylvie , Stala Thibault , Naveau Marie , Villain Alexandre , Sakji Ilyes , Defachelles Anne-Sophie , Feutry Frédéric , Marliot Guillaume
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Mitotane (o, p′-DDD) is a molecule that was developed many years ago for adrenal cortical carcinoma, but no suitable pediatric dosage form is available for administration to young children. Mitotane requires therapeutic drug monitoring because of its long half-life and difficulty in stabilizing plasma concentrations. Furthermore, Mitotane is a highly lipophilic drug that requires concurrent lipid administration.

Case report

We present the case of a 3-year-old girl who was diagnosed with metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma. Due to the difficulty in administering the tablets and the non-stabilized mitotane dosages, a nasogastric tube was inserted. An administration protocol based on dispersing the tablets in whole milk was established by the pharmacy team. This led to the stabilization of the disease for at least 1.5 years.

Management and outcome

Mitotanemia is difficult to stabilize even when treatment is administered orally. To maintain biological efficacy, we propose an easily reproducible protocol. The efficacy was stabilized at a dosage of 1500 mg per day. Mitotanemia fluctuated between 14 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL. The implementation of this protocol prevented treatment discontinuation.

Discussion

The administration of narrow therapeutic range drugs via a nasogastric tube is a challenge for healthcare teams, particularly in pediatric patients. Based on the findings of this clinical case, clinicians should consider future use of this protocol. The use of whole milk as a vehicle for mitotane is a simple, effective, and reproducible method to administer the drug to pediatric patients and can be used for other similar cases.
Activation of the Kynurenine Pathway and Production of Inflammatory Cytokines by Astrocytes and Microglia Infected With Neospora caninum
Authors: Argolo Deivison Silva , Borges Julita Maria Pereira , Freitas Luciana dos Santos , Pina Gizelle Alves , Grangeiro Maria Socorro , da Silva Victor Diógenes Amaral , Pinheiro Alexandre Moraes , Souza Conceição Rodrigo , Branco Alexsandro , Guillemin Gilles , Costa Silvia Lima , Costa Maria de Fátima Dias
Published: January 2022

In the central nervous system, astrocytes and microglia contribute to homeostasis, regulating the immune response to infectious agents. Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects different animal species and it is encysted in their nervous tissue while triggering an immune response modulated by glia. This study aimed to evaluate the infection of primary cultures of rat glial cells by N. caninum through the catabolites of tryptophan, the expression of inflammatory mediators and the integrity of neural tissue. Infection with this coccidium resulted in morphological and functional changes, particularly astrogliosis and microgliosis, and increased the expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF, IL1β, IL-10, and arginase, as well as mRNA for CCL5 and CCL2, molecules involved in the CNS chemotaxis. The infection with N. caninum in glial cells also triggered the activation of the tryptophan pathway, characterized by increased kynurenine 2,3 monooxygenase (KMO) mRNA expression, and by the production of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN). Moreover, glia-neuron co-cultures, when exposed to the secretome derived from N. caninum infected glial cells, presented greater neurons distribution and formation of neurite extensions, associated to morphological changes in astrocytes compatible with neuro-preservation. Considering that the tryptophan catabolism is associated to immune response, these findings suggest that glial activation in N. caninum infection should be responsible for modulating the inflammatory status in an attempt to restore the nervous system homeostasis, since excessive inflammatory response can cause irreversible damage to tissue preservation.
Supporting young people to manage gender-related distress using third-wave cognitive behavioural theory, ideas and practice
Authors: Canvin Lauren , Hawthorne Oliver , Panting Holly
Published: January 2022

The Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) supports gender diverse young people, and their families but currently does not provide weekly psychological therapy as part of its core work. In addition, local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), may feel deskilled in providing support for this population. We, a group of three Clinical Psychologists, aim to share some common themes and observations gained from our work in GIDS. We talk about how existing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) models can be relevant and helpful for the challenges facing gender diverse young people, without pathologising, or aiming to change a young person’s gender identity. An illustrative case study is presented, based on an amalgamation of young people we have worked with highlighting how third-wave cognitive behavioural theory, ideas and practice can be used to support young people to manage gender-related distress. Further reflections on the broader socio-political context, and implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety among children undergoing surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Mathias Edlin Glane , Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Guddattu Vasudeva , Bramhagen Ann-Cathrine
Published: January 2022

A hospitalized child experiences anxiety more frequently as compared to non-hospitalized children. Surgery can be emotionally distressing for children, and subsequently their parents and caregivers, this distress can cause profound adverse impacts on children. We aimed to identify the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on children’s (1–18 years) anxiety undergoing surgery. The following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Proquest, Web" of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for full-text articles. The review included 15 randomized controlled trials. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The interventions included in the study were preoperative education, puppet play, therapeutic play, distraction activities, parental presence, and clown therapy. The review presents a narrative reporting of the findings. This review identifies that non-pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing anxiety among children undergoing surgery. There are a limited number of studies from developing countries. Further research is required to underpin the use of these interventions with children before surgery.
The year of the “virtual date”: Reimagining dating app affordances during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Duguay Stefanie , Dietzel Christopher , Myles David
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic introduced a crisis of safety and relevance for dating apps, as their affordances for facilitating in-person encounters posed the risk of viral transmission. This article examines how eight apps primarily catering to heterosexual markets responded to the pandemic through changes to socio-technical arrangements, new user prescriptions, and the curation of corporate data and success stories. By analyzing corporate social media and promotional materials alongside in-app developments, we find that these companies reimagined app affordances to promote “virtual dating,” a set of practices and symbolic meanings that prioritize visual, synchronous digital interaction as the most responsible, reliable, and successful dating approach to the pandemic. Virtual dating centers apps as databases of potential partners while prescribing modes of use aimed toward affective relief, displays of authenticity, and romantic courtship. This reimagining counters moral panics about digitally mediated relationships by resorting to heteronormative dating scripts while overlooking alternative app uses.
Before reception: Trust in the news as infrastructure
Authors: Moran Rachel E. , Nechushtai Efrat
Published: January 2022

Given the necessity of trust to the fulfillment of the news media’s democratic and civic roles, the decline of trust in the news has become a major theme in journalism and communication studies, with researchers typically focusing on news audiences and measuring attitudes toward news products. Alongside the importance of reception, this paper advocates for conceptualizing trust not solely as a response to news, but as a key component in the infrastructure that makes news possible. Through an exploration of the role of trust at every stage of the newsmaking process, we argue that trust structures and underpins news funding, production, circulation, and audience measurement. Expanding the conceptual framework through which trust is assessed to consider its infrastructural role affords greater clarity on the consequences of distrust in news. We highlight future research directions and areas of inquiry made possible by theorizing trust in news in this way.
Morphological characterization of soot from a compression ignition engine fueled with diesel and an oxygenated fuel
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Preuss Josefine , Sjöblom Jonas
Published: January 2022

Compression ignition (CI) engines are highly efficient and are therefore often the first choice in application of heavy machinery and heavy duty vehicles. However, diesel engines are known to emit soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission. Replacing fossil diesel fuel with renewable fuel is one possibility to reduce emissions and to meet legislative requirements. In this experimental work, an oxygenated fuel blend was investigated for soot morphology and results were compared with fossil diesel fuel without oxygenates. Soot was sampled at a medium load case in a light duty single cylinder research engine and samples were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, combustion characteristics and particle number (PN) emissions were compared for both fuels. The primary particle diameter (Dp), fringe length (L), fringe separation (S), and tortuosity (T) were also discussed in terms of soot nanostructure. The particle size distribution (PSD) showed a reduction in PN over for the renewable fuel blend compared to diesel. This PN reduction was from 107 to 106 (one order magnitude lower). The maximum Dp from morphological analysis of diesel fuel and renewable fuel was 69.93 and 66.36 nm respectively. Size range of fringe separation (S) was nearly identical for both fuels. Diesel fuel has marginally higher fringe separation, fringe length, and tortuosity. This investigation is valuable for fuel industries which are continuously upgrading renewable and oxygenated fuels to meet stringent emission norms.
Oxidation phenomena of diesel post fuel in the expansion stroke
Authors: Shibata Gen , Li Yuanzhe , Karumai Kensei , Kobashi Yoshimitsu , Ogawa Hideyuki
Published: January 2022

Post fuel is injected to avoid plugging of diesel particulate filters (DPF). However, at advanced post fuel injection timings, the post fuel is partially oxidized in the cylinder under the high temperature conditions and the hydrocarbon supplied to DOC is not sufficient to regenerate the DPF. In this paper, partial oxidation phenomena at advanced post fuel injection timings were investigated with an engine and a high pressure-temperature optical constant volume chamber. In the engine experiments, the oxidation ratio of the post fuel was calculated from the exhaust gas composition. When the post fuel is injected at 30 CA ATDC, 83% of the post fuel is oxidized, however when the injection timing is 60 CA ATDC, the oxidation ratio of the post fuel becomes 2.2% and there is a 40.9% fuel loss mostly due to oil dilution. The reaction speed, in-cylinder temperature, and oxygen concentration (mol/m3) at the post fuel injection timing are related to the partial oxidation ratio of the post fuel. In the experiments with the constant volume chamber, the spray behaviors at the post fuel injections were observed. The ignition delay becomes longer with lower in-cylinder temperature and lower oxygen concentration, and the spray dilution of the post fuel during the ignition delays affects the heat release and the location where the partial oxidation in the chamber occurs. Based on the experimental data of engine speed, oxygen concentration, and in-cylinder temperature at the start of post fuel injection, an experimental formula for the post fuel oxidation ratio based on the Arrhenius equation was suggested by multiple regression analysis of the engine test data.
A novel structural damage identification method based on the acceleration responses under ambient vibration and an optimized deep residual algorithm
Authors: Alazzawi Osama , Wang Dansheng
Published: January 2022

Recently, structural health monitoring (SHM) methods for civil structures have been investigated widely, especially Deep Learning (DL)-based methods. However, it is usually difficult to fully train a deep neural network, and thus, typical DL-based SHM methods are limited in terms of performance. While addressing these issues, in this paper, a novel methodology is proposed for smart damage identification of frame structures. The newly proposed SHM method is based on raw time-domain structural response signals and deep residual network (DRN). The introduced DRN algorithm has been designed and tested in an effective way for extracting and learning the optimum features of the 1D raw ambient vibration acceleration signals, without any need for engineered features. Also, the network’s performance has been optimized using Bayesian optimization, which clearly enhances the network’s accuracy and information flow across it. Next, the outputs of DRNs are further utilized through new methods for damage size estimation and damage localization. The proposed methodology has been evaluated using the datasets of numerical and experimental frames of the SHM benchmark problem and the dataset of a real-world full-scale truss bridge. The results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting, localizing, and quantifying structural damage accurately for all of the simulated cases of the two examples. Furthermore, conducted comparison studies have approved that the new approach is more efficient than other machine learning-based methods, and it can overcome the major limitations of Artificial intelligence-based SHM models.
Long-term Results of Interwoven Nitinol Stents to Treat the Radiocephalic Anastomotic Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis
Authors: Thomas Shannon D. , Peden Samantha , Katib Nedal , Crowe Phillip , Barber Tracie , Varcoe Ramon L.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Juxta-anastomotic stenosis (JXAS) is a common problem afflicting the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of an interwoven nitinol stent (Supera, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in the treatment of radiocephalic AVF JXAS.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted of patients with failing AVF due to JXAS treated with an interwoven nitinol stent. End points included JXAS target lesion primary patency, access circuit primary patency, assisted access circuit primary patency, and endovascular intervention rate (EIR).

Results:

Sixty patients were treated with a Supera stent in the JXAS between February 2014 and March 2020. One patient was excluded (AVF used for illicit drug use), leaving 59 patients (67.8% male, mean age 66.9 ± 11.4 years [range: 40–84]) with typical medical comorbidities. Overall, 45.8% of patients had previous AVF intervention. The stent was inserted with a 100% technical success rate with a mean follow-up of 729.6 ± 456.0 days (range: 5–2182 days). Juxta-anastomotic stenosis target lesion primary patency was 68.2 ± 6.6%, 53.3 ± 7.5%, and 46.2 ± 8.1% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. The EIR was .64 (0–3.29) procedures/patient/year, after which the assisted access circuit primary patency rate was 94.3 ± 3.2% at 12, 24, and 36 month time points. Three thrombosed circuits occurred which were all successfully salvaged with no difference in patency by indication for procedure and no AVFs lost/abandoned out to 3 years. Avoidance of stent post-dilatation and the presence of stent mal-apposition were associated with improved primary patency, and reduced EIR, which may suggest an importance in vessel preparation prior to stent implantation.

Conclusion:

Interwoven nitinol stent treatment of the failing AVF with JXAS results in promising 3 year JXAS patency, with a low rate of endovascular re-intervention for those circuits developing restenosis. All AVFs were maintained over 3 years, demonstrating this treatment allows for long-term radiocephalic AVF vascular access.
The Prognostic Role of Cyclin D1 in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Yuwen , Zhang Chenlu , Lu Ling , Wang Xinfeng , Liu Haiyan , Jiang Yijing , Hong Lemin , Chen Yifan , Huang Hongming , Guo Dan
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Cyclin D1 has been identified as a proto-oncogene associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Method: We searched for qualified data in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to February 2020. Data quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS)/event-free survival (EFS) in patients with MM. Result: A total of 13 studies involving 961 patients were included. Overall, pooled analysis revealed significant heterogeneity between cyclin D1 expression and the prognosis of MM (OS, HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.71-1.64, I2 = 67.9%; PFS/EFS, HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.49-1.93, I2 = 85.8%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prolongation of OS was relevant to increased expression of cyclin D1 in MM patients in the relapsed and refractory group (OS, HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24-0.90). Another subgroup assessment of OS established that MM patients with CCND1 overexpression in the bortezomib group had longer survival time (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.82), whereas, those overexpressing CCND1 in the conventional chemotherapy group had poor prognosis (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.18-4.08). We also found that increased cyclin D1 expression correlated favorably with PFS in the autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28-0.73) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) group (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.64). Conclusion: The result of this meta-analysis suggested that CCND1 overexpression might be a predictive biomarker for MM patients when treated with bortezomib, receiving ASCT, or in relapsed and refractory period.
Effects of Leaders’ Power Construal on Leader-Member Exchange: The Moderating Role of Competitive Climate at Work
Authors: Fousiani Kyriaki , Wisse Barbara
Published: January 2022

How leaders construe their power may greatly affect the quality of relationships they have with their followers. Indeed, we propose that when leader power is (perceived to be) construed as responsibility, this will positively affect the extent to which followers perceive high quality leader-follower relationships (LMX), whereas the opposite will be true when leader power is (perceived to be) construed as opportunity. Moreover, we argue that these relationships are contingent on contextual influences, such that the effects will be particularly strong in environments characterized by competition, because such environments exacerbate the impact of leaders’ behavior. The results of a scenario experiment (Study 1), and a two-week time-lagged study among organizational employees (Study 2), showed that a manipulation of leaders’ tendency to view power as responsibility (Study 1), and followers’ perception of the extent to which their leader sees power as responsibility (Study 2) is positively related to follower LMX perceptions. Moreover, both Studies 1 and 2 and a dyadic field study in which we asked leaders to report on their tendency to view power as responsibility (Study 3) showed that this effect is stronger when the organizational climate is highly competitive. The results pertaining to power as opportunity were less consistent, but suggest a negative relationship with perceived LMX (Study 2), particularly when the organizational climate is highly competitive (Study 3). We conclude that the potential effects of leaders’ construal of power as responsibility or opportunity deserve more research attention than previously awarded and provide managerial ramifications of our findings.
‘We Want Light!’ Prague Students and the Failing Scientific-Technological Revolution in the Post-Stalinist Era (1956–1968)
Authors: Polák Michael
Published: January 2022

In the 1960s, the faith in scientific and technological progress pertained to both the Western and the Eastern power bloc. Czechoslovakia was no exception: the scientific-technological revolution was supposed to another step to reaching Communism. The pages of newspapers and magazines were full of articles on the newest scientific and technical discoveries, the automatization and chemization of the industry, and the rationalisation of managing the socialist companies. It was also the faith in expert governance of state and economy that grew in this period: these were supposed to change the position of the scientific specialists and also the students as the future experts. This article follows the way promises connected to the scientific-technological revolution created expectations on the modern student life only to deepen the contrasts between the official declarations and everyday reality. It focuses on several areas of the university environment where the discrepancies were most visible: the lacking equipment of the university building and classrooms, ineffectively managed internships, inflexible placement system, and inadequate material and technical conditions at the university dormitories. These contrasts have also roused the discontent of the students who did not feel recognized. In October 1967, the situation culminated in a demonstration of students from the Strahov dormitory who demanded the repeated blackouts to be solved. The violent suppression of the demonstration resulted in students leaving their patron organization – the Czechoslovak Youth Union – on a large scale and starting autonomous student units independent from both the Union and the Communist Party.
How fair is the selection of school principals in the Greek educational context?
Authors: Polymeropoulou Vasiliki , Sorkos Georgios
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the principle of fairness as equity, defined by Adams, is applied during the selection of school principals. Our focus was on a secondary education directorate drawing data in two ways. Firstly, a questionnaire was given to candidates who participated in the selection process, in order to investigate to which extent fairness as equity is included both in the process and the selection criteria. Secondly, we examined whether the selection board through the oral interview moved with the respective conditions of fairness as equity through the candidates’ scoring. It seemed that the majority of participants have formed their opinion on fairness as equity based on their ‘incoming capital’ depending on their score, while they consider that the selection board was rather biased in rating their fellow candidates. This is due to previous official or personal relationships with the members of the selection board and party involvement. For the Greek context, the selection of school principals can be characterised as a process that allows the influence of factors clearly non-relating to the principle of fairness as equity. Proposals at the level of educational policy are proposed.
Whiteness in leadership theorizing: A critical analysis of race in Bass’ transformational leadership theory
Authors: Ladkin Donna , Patrick Cherie Bridges
Published: January 2022

Leadership theorizing is largely constructed from a positional vacuum, as if leadership looks and works identically across contexts, and as if those who theorize about leadership are not themselves subject to biases based on their own gendered, racial, class, sexual, and national identities. This article challenges the assumed neutrality of leadership theorizing by analyzing one of the most utilized and researched leadership theories, Bernard Bass’ “Transformational Leadership Theory” (TLT) through the lens of Critical Race Theory. Understanding that the language through which transformational leadership is conveyed is indicative of its underpinning assumptions, the tools of critical discourse analysis are employed to identify the normativity of whiteness operating within this theory. The analysis reveals how normalization, solipsism, ontological expansiveness, and the creation of “abject others”—followers—infuse the theory. Through its deconstruction of TLT, the article calls for deeper interrogation of leadership theories whose unquestioned assumptions harm not only leaders and followers identified as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color, but White leaders and followers as well.