bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended multiorgan resection for T4 gastric carcinoma: 25‐year experience
Authors: Carboni Fabio , Lepiane Pasquale , Santoro Roberto , Lorusso Riccardo , Mancini Pietro , Sperduti Isabella , Carlini Massimo , Santoro Eugenio
Published: April 2005

Background and Objectives

In locally advanced gastric carcinoma infiltrating adjacent organs, an extended resection including invaded organs is required to improve the prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with extended multiorgan resection (EMR) in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Methods

Between December 1979 and April 2004, 65 patients were resected for extended gastric carcinoma macroscopically invading other organs. Various clinicopathologic factors influencing early and late results were evaluated. Survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

The majority of patients (61.5%) did receive a R0 curative resection. In 52 (80%) of the 65 presumed T4 cancers, histologic final analysis confirmed invasion. Postoperative morbidity and mortality was 27.7% and 12.3%, respectively. Actuarial 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 21.8%. It was significantly better in R0 versus R+ (30.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified curative resection as the strongest predictor of survival (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma invading adjacent organs can benefit from aggressive surgical treatment with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, curative resection is mandatory to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:95–100. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of RCAS1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Nakajima Masanobu , Masuda Norihiro , Faried Ahmad , Sohda Makoto , Fukai Yasuyuki , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Fukuchi Minoru , Tsukada Katsuhiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: April 2005

Background

Receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells (RCAS1) has been reported to act as a ligand for a receptor present on normal peripheral lymphocytes and to induce apoptotic cell death. We aimed to elucidate the significance of RCAS1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC).

Methods

RCAS1 expression was examined immunohistochemically in surgically resected esophageal carcinoma tissues from 114 patients. We also examined the relationships between RCAS1 expressions, the tumor Ki‐67 indices (a marker of proliferation), and the number of CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Results

RCAS1 immunoreactivity was detected in the membranes and cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Of the 114 esophageal carcinomas, 39 (34.2%) were strongly positive for RCAS1 immunostaining on the membranes of the cancer cells, 41 (36.0%) were weakly positive, and 34 (29.8%) were negative. A comparison of RCAS1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in all 114 patients revealed significant associations between RCAS1 expression and lymph node status (P < 0.05), and pathologic stage (P < 0.05). The survival rates of patients with RCAS1‐negative tumors were significantly higher than those of patients with both RCAS1‐weak positive tumors and RCAS1‐strong positive ones (log‐rank P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that RCAS1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05). The relationship between RCAS1 expression and the numbers of CD8+ T‐cells in the primary tumors revealed that RCAS1‐negative tumors tended to contain more of these cells than both RCAS1‐weak positive tumors and RCAS1‐strong positive ones (P = 0.2495).

Conclusions

RCAS1 may play a significant role in tumor progression via an immune escape mechanism; thus, RCAS1 expression could be used as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:89–94. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of peritoneal micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for heparanase mRNA and cytology in peritoneal wash samples
Authors: Wang Zhenning , Zhang Xue , Xu Huimian , Zhou Xin , Jiang Li , Lu Chong
Published: April 2005

Backgroud

Peritoneal dissemination is the most common pattern of metastasis in advanced gastric carcinoma with serosal invasion. In the present study, we have reported the clinical relevance of a new diagnostic method with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay using heparanase as a target gene for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes.

Methods

Intraoperative peritoneal washes were obtained from 48 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. RT‐PCR analysis with primers specific for heparanase and conventional cytological examination were performed subsequently.

Results

Heparanase RT‐PCR was capable of detecting at least 10 tumor cells in 10 ml peritoneal wash fluid. There was no detectable heparanase expression in normal gastric epithelial cells and peritoneal wash samples from patients with benign disease. Twenty‐five (52%) patients with gastric cancer had a detectable heparanase expression. Its positive rate was 100% and 59% for the cases with clinically evident peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion, respectively, both of which are higher than that of cytology.

Conclusions

Heparanase mRNA detected in peritoneal lavaged fluid might indicate the presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal cavity. The high sensitivity of RT‐PCR based heparanase assay made it a candidate molecular marker for detecting peritoneal micrometastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:59–65. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COMMENTARY on Wang et al., “Pre‐operative chemotherapy with oral tegafur‐uracil and leucovorin for rectal cancer” (J Surg Oncol 89: 256–263).
Authors: Kauh John , Johnstone Peter
Published: April 2005

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Surgical Oncology (2005)89 (4) 263–264
Embedded journalists in the Iraq war: Are they at greater psychological risk?
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Nicolson Dawn
Published: April 2005

The current war in Iraq saw an alliance between the media and the military, a process called embedded journalism. The aim of this study was to explore whether this process affected the journalists' vulnerability to psychological distress. Eighty‐five of 100 journalists approached agreed to participate; 38 (44.7%) were embedded. There were no differences between embedded and unilateral (nonembedded) journalists on demographic measures or in their exposure to traumatic events. Similarly, the two groups did not differ on indices of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, psychological distress, and substance use. Based on General Health Questionnaire scores, one third of all journalists were psychologically distressed. There is no evidence from the recent war in Iraq suggesting that embedded journalists are at increased risk for psychological problems.
RESTORE: Robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection
Authors: Chang Lin‐Ching , Jones Derek K. , Pierpaoli Carlo
Published: April 2005

Signal variability in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is influenced by both thermal noise and spatially and temporally varying artifacts such as subject motion and cardiac pulsation. In this paper, the effects of DWI artifacts on estimated tensor values, such as trace and fractional anisotropy, are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. A novel approach for robust diffusion tensor estimation, called RESTORE (for robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection), is proposed. This method uses iteratively reweighted least‐squares regression to identify potential outliers and subsequently exclude them. Results from both simulated and clinical diffusion data sets indicate that the RESTORE method improves tensor estimation compared to the commonly used linear and nonlinear least‐squares tensor fitting methods and a recently proposed method based on the Geman–McClure M‐estimator. The RESTORE method could potentially remove the need for cardiac gating in DWI acquisitions and should be applicable to other MR imaging techniques that use univariate or multivariate regression to fit MRI data to a model. Magn Reson Med 53:1088–1095, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trace apparent diffusion coefficients of metabolites in human brain using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ellegood Jacob , Hanstock Chris C. , Beaulieu Christian
Published: April 2005

The rotationally invariant trace/3 apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), and choline (Cho) were determined using a diffusion‐weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence at 3 T in three separate human brain regions, namely the subcortical white matter, occipital gray matter, and frontal gray matter. The measurement of the mean diffusivity eliminates the dependence of the measured ADC on the direction of the diffusion gradient relative to the tissue microstructure (i.e., anisotropy). Macroscopic brain motions induce phase errors that were compensated for by phasing (zero and first order) on the single average spectrum (zero order on the NAA peak) prior to summing the individual spectra. This method yielded reproducible trace/3 ADC values in the expected range without the use of cardiac gating. The mean diffusivity of NAA (0.14 ± 0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s) appears to be less than that of tCr (0.17 ± 0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s) and Cho (0.18 ± 0.05 × 10−3 mm2/s) in human brain. Magn Reson Med 53:1025–1032, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orientational dependence of intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal from tendon tissue
Authors: Ozus Bahadir , Clarke Geoffrey D. , Dodd Stephen J. , Fullerton Gary D.
Published: April 2005

The proton signal changes as the long axis of tendon tissue is rotated with respect to the main magnetic field (B0). The orientational changes in the tendon signal obtained using the correlation spectroscopy revamped by asymmetric z‐gradient echo detection (CRAZED) sequence, which allows the effects of intermolecular dipolar interactions to be observed, were investigated and compared with the orientational changes of the signals produced using correlation spectroscopy (COSY), spin‐echo (SE), and one‐pulse sequences. The intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal obtained using the CRAZED sequence showed a variation in the signal from tendon tissue, with sharper peaks and greater relative differences between minimum and maximum signal values compared to the variations in the signal obtained from the COSY, SE, and one‐pulse sequences. This result is attributed to the orientational dependence of the transverse relaxation rate of single (SQC) and double (DQH) quantum coherences R2 and R2,2, respectively. Magn Reson Med 53:1183–1186, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging articular cartilage under compression—cartilage elastography
Authors: Hardy Peter A. , Ridler Anne C. , Chiarot Cameron B. , Plewes Don B. , Henkelman R. Mark
Published: April 2005

We constructed a device to compress small samples of articular cartilage while the samples were imaged in a 1.5 T imager. With the use of a piezoelectric piston, the device compressed 1‐cm‐diameter cylindrical samples of articular cartilage (200 μm) at a rate of 2 Hz. Simultaneously, we imaged the samples with a displacement‐sensitive stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence. We validated the technique using tissue that mimicked silicone samples. We compared the results from the same cartilage samples before and after they were degraded by digestion in trypsin. The extent of degradation was visualized from T1‐weighted images of the samples after they were soaked in 0.5 mmolar of GdDTPA. The resulting elastographic images show compression and differential strain in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the cartilage. The static elastographic images that depict compression made before digestion and after 5 and 15 hr of trypsin digestion show that the elastic modulus of the samples decreased with a spatial variation consistent with the enzymatic digestion as revealed by the T1 images. We believe this technique will be useful in studies of the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and other tissues, and may in the future be extended to the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 53:1065–1073, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized 1H MRS and MRSI methods for the in vivo detection of boronophenylalanine
Authors: Bendel Peter , Margalit Raanan , Salomon Yoram
Published: April 2005

Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is used as Boron‐10 carrier in boron neutron capture therapy, an experimental cancer radiotherapy. Results of quantitative, noninvasive in vivo detection and imaging of BPA in laboratory animals using 1H NMR are presented for the first time. The purpose of this study was to implement and validate optimized techniques for the efficient detection of BPA. The 1H NMR signals through which BPA is most readily detected in vivo are those from the aromatic ring of the molecule, which are part of a scalar‐coupled spin system. The preferred detection method should therefore be based on a pulse sequence in which the effective TE is as short as possible. Modified versions of LASER (τCP = 4.6 ms, TE = 27.6 ms) and double‐echo slice‐selective 2D MRSI (TE = 12 ms) were implemented for single‐voxel spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging of BPA, respectively. Chemical shift selective excitation was used for both sequences, based on a pulse that enabled narrow‐band excitation without concomitant delay in TE. SI data without water suppression was used for absolute quantitation and for correction of B0 variations. Experiments were conducted at 4.7 T in phantoms and in mice where the infused BPA was detected in the kidney. Magn Reson Med 53:1166–1171, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potassium transport in Langendorff‐perfused mouse hearts assessed by 87Rb NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Jilkina Olga , Xiang Bo , Kuzio Bozena , Rendell John , Kupriyanov Valery V.
Published: April 2005

We studied the fluxes of a potassium congener (Rb+) in mouse hearts by 87Rb MRS at 8.4T. The hearts were loaded with Rb+ by perfusion with Krebs‐Henseleit buffer, in which 50% of K+ was substituted with Rb+. We initiated Rb+ efflux by changing the perfusion medium to Rb+‐free buffer. Spectra were acquired every 1.85 min, and the kinetics of Rb+ transport were analyzed by means of monoexponential fits. The rate constants of Rb+ uptake and efflux were 0.0680 ± 0.0028 and 0.0510 ± 0.0051 min–1, respectively (∼30% faster than in the rat heart). The ATP‐sensitive potassium channel opener, P‐1075 (5 μM), and mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4‐dintrophenol (50 μM), activated Rb+ efflux from mouse hearts by ∼35%. The mechanisms responsible for the differences in Rb+ uptake and efflux under baseline conditions and stimulation, in comparison with rat hearts, are discussed. These data provide a background for studies of cardiac potassium transport in transgenic mouse strains. Magn Reson Med 53:1172–1176, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced field‐of‐view MRI with two‐dimensional spatially‐selective RF excitation and UNFOLD
Authors: Zhao Lei , Madore Bruno , Panych Lawrence P.
Published: April 2005

When the region of interest (ROI) is smaller than the object, one can increase MRI speed by reducing the imaging field of view (FOV). However, when such an approach is used, features outside the reduced FOV will alias into the reduced‐FOV image along the phase‐encoding direction. Reduced‐FOV methods are designed to correct this aliasing problem. In the present study, we propose a combination of two different approaches to reduce the acquired FOV: 1) two‐dimensional (2D) spatially‐selective RF excitation, and 2) the unaliasing by Fourier‐encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD) technique. While 2D spatially‐selective RF excitation can restrict the spins excited within a reduced FOV, the UNFOLD technique can help to eliminate any residual aliased signals and thus relaxes the requirement for a long RF excitation pulse. This hybrid method was implemented for MR‐based temperature mapping, and resulted in artifact‐free images with a fourfold improvement in temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 53:1118–1125, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo EPR spectroscopic imaging for a liposomal drug delivery system
Authors: Matsumoto Ken‐ichiro , Yahiro Tomoaki , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Utsumi Hideo
Published: April 2005

We used the membrane‐impermeable nitroxyl radical 4‐trimethylammonium‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyliodide (CAT‐1) as a model drug encapsulated in liposomes in order to separately map the 2D distribution of both liposomal‐encapsulated CAT‐1 and free CAT‐1. Phantoms were prepared with a CAT‐1 solution and a liposomal CAT‐1 suspension. Spectral‐spatial images were obtained along several polar‐arranged spatial axes through the phantom. The 1D spatial distributions (projections) of each signal component, reflecting the concentration of CAT‐1, were then extracted from the spectral‐spatial images. 2D EPR images of liposomal‐encapsulated CAT‐1 and free CAT‐1 were separately reconstructed from the resulting projection data sets. 2D mapping of each component exhibited good agreement with respect to the phantom. Separate maps were generated from separate injections of free CAT‐1 and liposomal CAT‐1 injected into the femoral muscle of a living mouse. The EPR signal of the free CAT‐1 gradually decreased during data acquisition. Because of this decay, we calibrated the image intensity by extrapolating the signal intensity to that detected at the beginning of data sampling. Both the position and size of the individual images were in very good agreement with those of the mouse thigh obtained by MRI. Magn Reson Med 53:1158–1165, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Black blood gradient echo cine magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse heart
Authors: Berr Stuart S. , Roy Rene Jack , French Brent A. , Yang Zequan , Gilson Wesley , Kramer Christopher M. , Epstein Frederick H.
Published: April 2005

A black blood gradient echo sequence for multiphase cardiac MRI of the mouse heart was implemented on a 4.7‐T scanner and compared to a conventional bright blood sequence. Black blood was achieved using the double inversion recovery technique. Ten mice were imaged using both the bright and the black blood sequences, and 2 of the mice were additionally imaged using bright and black blood sequences modified to perform myocardial tagging. Manual planimetry of the images was performed by two independent observers to detect the endocardial and epicardial borders and subsequently to compute chamber volumes and myocardial mass. Weight of the excised left ventricle was used as a gold standard for myocardial mass. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated reduced interobserver variability for the measurement of cardiac volumes using the black blood sequence compared to the bright blood sequence (95% confidence interval was −0.89–0.73 μL for black blood versus −1.86–1.28 μL for bright blood). Also, Bland–Altman analysis showed that the black blood sequence provides improved accuracy for the measurement of myocardial mass compared to the bright blood sequence (average difference between MRI versus weight was 0.9 μg for black blood and −11.2 μg for bright blood, P < 0.01). For myocardial tagging, qualitative assessment demonstrated improved endocardial border definition using the black blood sequence. Black blood cine MRI in mice provides reduced interobserver variability and improved accuracy for the measurement of myocardial volumes and mass compared to the conventional bright blood technique. Magn Reson Med 53:1074–1079, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption management in production planning
Authors: Yang Jian , Qi Xiangtong , Yu Gang
Published: April 2005

We study the problem of recovering a production plan after a disruption, where the disruption may be caused by incidents such as power failure, market change, machine breakdown, supply shortage, worker no‐show, and others. The new recovery plan we seek after has to not only suit the changed environment brought about by the disruption, but also be close to the initial plan so as not to cause too much customer unsatisfaction or inconvenience for current‐stage and downstream operations. For the general‐cost case, we propose a dynamic programming method for the problem. For the convex‐cost case, a general problem which involves both cost and demand disruptions can be solved by considering the cost disruption first and then the demand disruption. We find that a pure demand disruption is easy to handle; and for a pure cost disruption, we propose a greedy method which is provably efficient. Our computational studies also reveal insights that will be helpful to managing disruptions in production planning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
A multilevel finite element method in space‐time for the Navier‐Stokes problem
Authors: He Yinnian , Liu Kam‐Moon
Published: April 2005

A multilevel finite element method in space‐time for the two‐dimensional nonstationary Navier‐Stokes problem is considered. The method is a multi‐scale method in which the fully nonlinear Navier‐Stokes problem is only solved on a single coarsest space‐time mesh; subsequent approximations are generated on a succession of refined space‐time meshes by solving a linearized Navier‐Stokes problem about the solution on the previous level. The a priori estimates and error analysis are also presented for the J‐level finite element method. We demonstrate theoretically that for an appropriate choice of space and time mesh widths: hj ∼ h, kj ∼ k, j = 2, …, J, the J‐level finite element method in space‐time provides the same accuracy as the one‐level method in space‐time in which the fully nonlinear Navier‐Stokes problem is solved on a final finest space‐time mesh. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Second‐order Galerkin‐Lagrange method for the Navier‐Stokes equations (retracted article)
Authors: Bensaada Mohamed , Esselaoui Driss , Saramito Pierre
Published: April 2005

It has come to the attention of the editors and publisher that an article published in Numerical Methods and Partial Differential Equations, “Second‐order Galerkin‐Lagrange method for the Navier‐Stokes equations,” by Mohamed Bensaada, Driss Esselaoui, and Pierre Saramito, Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 21(6) (2005), 1099–1121 included large portions that were copied from the following paper without proper citation: “Convergence and nonlinear stability of the Lagrange‐Galerkin method for the Navier‐Stokes equations,” Endre Suli, Numerische Mathematik, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 459–486 (July, 1988). We have retracted the paper and apologize to Dr. Suli Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq (2007)23(1)211.
Analysis of a one‐dimensional damage model
Authors: Fernández José R.
Published: April 2005

In this work, a one‐dimensional model for the evolution of the damage of an elastic material caused by tension is considered. The model consists of a coupled set of differential inclusions for the elastic displacement and the damage fields. The model decouples, and once the damage is found, the elastic deformations are obtained by quadrature. The existence of a unique solution was proved in Frémond et al. Here, we deal with the numerical analysis of this problem. Using the finite element method to approximate the spatial variable and the backward Euler scheme to discretize the time derivatives, a numerical algorithm is proposed. Error estimates are derived and, under suitable regularity hypotheses, the linear convergence of the numerical scheme deduced. We conclude with some numerical simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Coping as a mediator between personality and stress outcomes: a longitudinal study with cataract surgery patients
Authors: Knoll Nina , Rieckmann Nina , Schwarzer Ralf
Published: April 2005

Personality and coping were specified as predictors of emotional outcomes of a mildly stressful medical procedure. Situation‐specific coping was examined in contrast to dispositional coping, and it was tested whether one or the other would mediate the relationship between higher‐order personality factors and stress outcomes. Cataract patients (N=110) participated at four measurement points in time during a six‐week period surrounding their scheduled surgery. Dispositional coping did not mediate the personality–outcome relationship. In contrast, situation‐specific coping acquired a mediator status between personality and adaptational criteria and accounted for independent outcome variance once personality traits were included as predictors in the models. Thus, the data suggest that whether or not coping mediates between personality factors and affective outcomes may be related to the methodological approaches of its operationalization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of riparian vegetation and woody debris in the development of macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams
Authors: Milner Alexander M. , Gloyne‐Phillips Ian T.
Published: April 2005

Riparian vegetation development and macroinvertebrate assemblages were studied in 16 streams formed between 35 and 230 years ago, following glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska. Riparian vegetation established most rapidly in streams where flow variation in downstream reaches was buffered by a lake. Riparian vegetation development was positively correlated with lower bank stability, but was independent of stream age. Roots and branches of riparian vegetation trailing into streams (trailing riparian habitat—TRH) were shown to be an important habitat for a number of macroinvertebrate taxa. In young and unstable streams, TRH was colonized mainly by Plecoptera whereas in more stable lake‐influenced streams Simuliidae dominated. Significant coarse woody debris (CWD) accumulations were not observed until after approximately 130 years of stream development had occurred when certain channel features, such as gravel bars, were stabilized by dead wood. Where dead wood was present, opportunistic wood taxa were abundant, even in the younger streams. However, a xylophagous species, Polypedilum fallax, was not recorded until streams were over 100 years old. Two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) using presence/absence of macroinvertebrate taxa on TRH, initially divided streams into lake and non‐lake systems, but subsequent divisions were consistent with differences in stream age. TWINSPAN of macroinvertebrate assemblages on dead wood again highlighted differences in stream age. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that bed stability and stream age were the most important environmental variables influencing macroinvertebrate distribution on TRH. Trailing riparian habitat was most abundant in moderately unstable streams where it facilitates invertebrate colonization. CWD contributes markedly to channel stabilization, provides habitat for invertebrate xylophages, and confers additional habitat complexity. Maximum levels of CWD are predicted to occur in non‐lake streams after approximately 300 years, but at least a further 100 years will be required in stable streams below lakes where dead wood entrainment is not enhanced by flooding, channel migration and bank undercutting. A conceptual model summarizing the role of TRH and CWD on stream development in Glacier Bay is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibrin formation during asanguinous normothermic perfusion of the isolated rat liver
Authors: Duca Sergiu , Suciu Antonia , Duca Cornelia , Szantay Ioan , Schwartz Mircea , Lezeu Radu
Published: April 2005

A progressive accumulation of fibrin in the small vessels of the isolated perfused rat liver was documented by both histological and autohistoradiographic techniques. These changes occurred initially in the sinusoids and later extended to the interlobular branches of the portal vein. Fibrin deposition was accompanied by a reduction of perfusion flow, an increase of the lactate‐pyruvate ratio in the perfusion medium, and a depletion of liver tissue glycogen. All of these changes were prevented by adding streptokinase to the perfusing solution. Mechanisms leading to intravascular accumulation of fibrin and the possible involvement of this process in failure of prolonged liver preservation, hemorrhagic accidents following liver transplantation, and liver allograft rejection are discussed. The use of fibrinolytic agents for perfusion preservation of the isolated liver appears promising.
Significance of solitary mediastinal shadow in patients with previous malignancy
Authors: Krausz Michael M. , Biran Shoshana , Weg Oscar , Romanoff Henry
Published: April 2005

Four patients are described with primary extrathoracic malignant tumors and a mediastinal shadow on chest x‐ray, which proved to be a benign cyst at exploratory thoracotomy. The need for thorough investigation and exploration in order to obtain histological diagnosis of the mediastinal lesion is stressed. The correct staging of the primary tumor and the institution of appropriate treatment may alter the survival of patients with this specific association.
From home to street: Understanding young people's transitions into homelessness
Authors: Hyde Justeen
Published: April 2005

This paper explores why young people leave home and become homeless. Drawing on life history interviews conducted with 50 homeless youth in Los Angeles, explanations provided by participants for becoming homelessness and how they understand their experiences are presented. In professional discourses, homeless young people are often portrayed as victims of physical abuse and emotional neglect. Although participants’ narratives reveal that abuse and neglect play a central role in their decisions to leave home, many maintain a sense of agency in the recounting of how they became homeless. The importance of service providers recognizing young people's agency is discussed.
Association between dopamine receptor D3 gene BalI polymorphism and cognitive impulsiveness in alcohol-dependent men
Authors: Limosin F. , Romo L. , Batel P. , Adès J. , Boni C. , Gorwood Ph.
Published: April 2005

The gene coding for the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) is considered as a major candidate gene in various addictive disorders. Association studies in alcohol-dependence for this gene are nevertheless controversial. We made the hypothesis that phenotypical heterogeneity of alcohol-dependence (i.e. the DRD3 gene is a vulnerability gene in a specific subgroup of patients only) could explain these spurious findings, focusing on a core dimension of addictive disorders, namely impulsiveness. In our sample of 108 French alcohol-dependent patients, patients above the median value for cognitive impulsiveness (one of the three dimensions of the Barratt scale) were more frequently heterozygous than both alcohol-dependent patients with lower impulsiveness (OR = 2.51, P = 0.019) and than 71 healthy controls (OR = 2.32, P = 0.025). Age at interview, antisocial personality disorder, other comorbid addictive disorder, age at onset of alcohol-dependence, and lifetime mood disorders did not constitute confusing intermediate factors.
Oxidative imbalance and cathepsin D changes as peripheral blood biomarkers of Alzheimer disease: A pilot study
Authors: Straface Elisabetta , Matarrese Paola , Gambardella Lucrezia , Vona Rosa , Sgadari Antonio , Silveri Maria Caterina , Malorni Walter
Published: April 2005

Markers of oxidative stress in peripheral blood from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) were analyzed. Thirty‐three AD patients were recruited. Plasma antioxidant power (AOP), plasma Cystatin C as well as Cathepsin D in PBL were evaluated. We found that the AOP levels were significantly decreased in AD patients if compared to healthy donors, while the plasma level of Cystatin C was significantly higher. Importantly, a significantly decreased expression of Cathepsin D in PBL was also observed. These results suggest that oxidative imbalance in the peripheral blood of AD patients could mirror oxidative changes previously described in the central nervous system.
Purkinje‐cell degeneration in prion protein‐deficient mice is associated with a cerebellum‐specific Doppel protein species signature
Authors: Al Bersaoui Roméo , Robert Isabelle , Lutz Yves , Blanc Frédéric , Sommermeyer-Leroux Ghislaine , Shibaguchi Hirotomo , Aunis Dominique , Fuchs Jean-Paul
Published: April 2005

PrPc (cellular prion protein) and Doppel are antagonizing proteins, respectively neuroprotective and neurotoxic. Evidence for Doppel neurotoxicity came from PrPc‐deficient (Prnp
0/0) mouse lines developing late onset Purkinje‐cell degeneration caused by Doppel overexpression in brain. To address the molecular underpinnings of this cell‐type specificity, we generated Doppel N‐terminal‐specific antibodies and started to examine the spatio‐temporal expression of Doppel protein species in Ngsk Prnp
0/0 brain. Although Doppel overexpression is ubiquitous, Western analyses of normal and deglycosylated protein extracts revealed cerebellar patterns distinct from the rest of the brain, supporting the idea that neurotoxicity might be linked to a particular Doppel species pattern. Furthermore, our newly raised antibodies allowed the first Doppel immunohistochemical analyses in brain, showing a distribution in Prnp
0/0 cerebellum similar to PrPc in wild type.
cda1+, encoding chitin deacetylase is required for proper spore formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Matsuo Yasuhiro , Tanaka Katsunori , Matsuda Hideyuki , Kawamukai Makoto
Published: April 2005

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a major role of chitin is to build up a complete spore. Here, we analyzed the cda1
+ gene (SPAC19G12.03), which encodes a protein homologous to chitin deacetylases, to know whether it is required for spore formation in S. pombe. The homothallic Δcda1 strain constructed by homologous recombination was found to form a little amount of abnormal spores that contained one, two, or three asci, similar to (but not as strong as) the phenotype observed in a deletion mutant of chs1 encoding chitin synthase 1. This phenotype is reversed by expression of S. cerevisiae chitin deacetylase CDA1 or CDA2, suggesting that cda1 encodes a chitin deacetylase. To support the role of Cda1 in sporulation, the timing of expression of cda1
+ mRNA increased during sporulation process. We also found that the Cda1 protein self‐associated when its binding was tested both by two‐hybrid system and immunoprecipitation. Thus, these data indicated that cda1
+ is required for proper spore formation in S. pombe.
Vancomycin for multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium cholangiohepatitis in a cat
Authors: Pressel Michelle A. , Fox Leslie E. , Apley Michael D. , Simutis Frank J.
Published: April 2005

A 12-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated with a life-long history of intermittent, predominantly small bowel diarrhea and a 3 day history of hematochezia. At presentation, the cat had increased liver enzyme activities and an inflammatory leukogram. Histopathology demonstrated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cholangiohepatitis and pancreatitis. The cholangiohepatitis was associated with a multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium. Gallbladder agenesis was also documented. Treatment with vancomycin was safely instituted for 10 days. Clinical signs resolved, however, cure of the bacterial cholangiohepatitis was not achieved. The risk of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in human and veterinary medicine is discussed.
Trust in multi-agent systems
Authors: RAMCHURN SARVAPALI D. , HUYNH DONG , JENNINGS NICHOLAS R.
Published: April 2005

Trust is a fundamental concern in large-scale open distributed systems. It lies at the core of all interactions between the entities that have to operate in such uncertain and constantly changing environments. Given this complexity, these components, and the ensuing system, are increasingly being conceptualised, designed, and built using agent-based techniques and, to this end, this paper examines the specific role of trust in multi-agent systems. In particular, we survey the state of the art and provide an account of the main directions along which research efforts are being focused. In so doing, we critically evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the main models that have been proposed and show how, fundamentally, they all seek to minimise the uncertainty in interactions. Finally, we outline the areas that require further research in order to develop a comprehensive treatment of trust in complex computational settings.
The synergy of electronic commerce, agents, and semantic Web services
Authors: BLAKE M. BRIAN , PARSONS SIMON , PAYNE TERRY R.
Published: April 2005

Advancements in software agents and Semantic Web service technologies are generally enhancing the landscape of electronic commerce. Semantic Web service technologies promise the standardisation and discoverability of software capabilities for network-enabled organisations. Moreover, with the addition of the intelligence and autonomy of software agents, transactions may be equally automated for consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer, and business-to-business collaborations. The 2003 Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Agents, and Semantic Web Services was held in conjunction with the International Conference on Electronic Commerce (ICEC2003). The purpose of this workshop was to bring together researchers and practitioners in the areas of electronic commerce, agents, and Semantic Web services to discuss the state-of-art in each individual area in addition to the synergies among the areas. This paper contains a summary of the workshop presentations and a discussion of next steps for Semantic Web services created in the working sessions concluding the workshop.
Evolutionary approaches to fuzzy modelling for classification
Authors: GALEA MICHELLE , SHEN QIANG , LEVINE JOHN
Published: April 2005

An overview of the application of evolutionary computation to fuzzy knowledge discovery is presented. This is set in one of two contexts: overcoming the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in the development of intelligent reasoning systems, and in the data mining of databases where the aim is the discovery of new knowledge. The different strategies utilizing evolutionary algorithms for knowledge acquisition are abstracted from the work reviewed. The simplest strategy runs an evolutionary algorithm once, while the iterative rule learning approach runs several evolutionary algorithms in succession, with the output from each considered a partial solution. Ensembles are formed by combining several classifiers generated by evolutionary techniques, while co-evolution is often used for evolving rule bases and associated membership functions simultaneously. The associated strengths and limitations of these induction strategies are compared and discussed. Ways in which evolutionary techniques have been adapted to satisfy the common evaluation criteria of the induced knowledge—classification accuracy, comprehensibility and novelty value—are also considered. The review concludes by highlighting common limitations of the experimental methodology used and indicating ways of resolving them.
Quantitative immuno-electron microscopic analysis of nuclear respiratory factor 2 alpha and beta subunits: Normal distribution and activity-dependent regulation in mammalian visual cortex
Authors: WONG-RILEY MARGARET T.T. , YANG SHOU JING , LIANG HUAN LING , NING, GANG , JACOBS PAULETTE
Published: April 2005

The macaque visual cortex is exquisitely organized into columns, modules, and streams, much of which can be correlated with its metabolic organization revealed by cytochrome oxidase (CO). Plasticity in the adult primate visual system has also been documented by changes in CO activity. Yet, the molecular mechanism of regulating this enzyme remains not well understood. Being one of only four bigenomic enzymes in mammalian cells, the transcriptional regulation of this enzyme necessitates a potential bigenomic coordinator. Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) or GA-binding protein is a transcription factor that may serve such a critical role. The goal of the present study was to determine if the two major subunits of NRF-2, 2α and 2β, had distinct subcellular distribution in neurons of the rat and monkey visual cortex, if major metabolic neuronal types in the macaque exhibited different levels of the two subunits, and if they would respond differently to monocular impulse blockade. Quantitative immuno-electron microscopy was used. In both rats and monkeys, nuclear labeling of α and β subunits was mainly over euchromatin rather than heterochromatin, consistent with their active participation in transcriptional activity. Cytoplasmic labeling was over free ribosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and occasionally the nuclear envelope, signifying sites of synthesis and possible posttranslational modifications. The density of both subunits was much higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm for all neurons examined, again indicating that their major sites of cellular action is in the nucleus. In both layer IVC and supragranular puffs of the macaque visual cortex, the expression of both NRF-2α and β was higher in medium-sized, non-pyramidal (type C and C-like) cells previously shown to have higher CO activity than small, type A and A-like cells with low CO activity. Pyramidal, type B cells in puffs had intermediate levels of CO as well as NRF-2α and β labeling. Monocular impulse blockade induced a greater reduction of NRF-2 labeling in type C/C-like than type A/A-like cells. These results substantiate and extend our previous findings that NRF-2 is constitutively active in adult primate and rat visual cortical neurons, that it is expressed more strongly in metabolically more active neurons, and that its level is directly regulated by neuronal activity, the blockade of which imposes a greater down-regulation of this transcription factor in metabolically more active than less active neurons.
Unilateral photoreceptor rescue can improve the ability of the opposite, untreated, eye to drive cortical cells in a retinal degeneration model
Authors: GIRMAN S.V. , LUND R.D.
Published: April 2005

In the Royal College of Surgeons, rat photoreceptor degeneration occurs over the first several months of life, causing deterioration of visual cortical responsiveness seen as greater numbers of cells being nonresponsive to visual stimulation, poor tuning of those cells that do respond, and an overall tendency for domination by the contralateral visual input. If the progress of degeneration in one eye is slowed by intraretinal cell transplantation, cortical responses to stimulation of the remaining, untreated, eye are much stronger, better tuned and histograms of ocular dominance resemble more those in normal rats. This suggests that the rescued eye is able to enhance performance in the untreated eye by some form of postsynaptic mechanism.
Effect of temporal sparseness and dichoptic presentation on multifocal visual evoked potentials
Authors: JAMES ANDREW C. , RUSECKAITE RASA , MADDESS TED
Published: April 2005

Multifocal VEP (mfVEP) responses were obtained from 13 normal human subjects for nine test conditions, covering three viewing conditions (dichoptic and left and right monocular), and three different temporal stimulation forms (rapid contrast reversal, rapid pattern pulse presentation, and slow pattern pulse presentation). The rapid contrast reversal stimulus had pseudorandomized reversals of checkerboards in each visual field region at a mean rate of 25 reversals/s, similar to most mfVEP studies to date. The rapid pattern pulse presentation had pseudorandomized presentations of a checkerboard for one frame, interspersed with uniform grey frames, with a mean rate of 25 presentations/s per region per eye. The slow pattern pulse stimulus had six presentations/s per region per eye. Recording time was 5.3 min/condition. For dichoptic presentation slow pattern pulse responses were 4.6 times larger in amplitude than the contrast reversal responses. Binocular suppression was greatest for the contrast reversal stimulus. Consideration of the signal-to-noise ratios indicated that to achieve a given level of reliability, slow pattern pulse stimuli would require half the recording time of contrast reversal stimuli for monocular viewing, and 0.4 times the recording time for dichoptically presented stimuli. About half the responses to the slow pattern pulse stimuli had peak value exceeding five times their estimated standard error. Responses were about 20% smaller in the upper visual field locations. Space–time decomposition showed that responses to slow pattern pulse were more consistent across visual field locations. We conclude that the pattern pulse stimuli, which we term temporally sparse, maintain the visual system in a high contrast gain state. This more than compensates for the smaller number of presentations in the run, and provides signal-to-noise advantages that may be valuable in clinical application.
Changes in human short-wavelength-sensitive and achromatic resolution acuity with retinal eccentricity and meridian
Authors: BEIRNE RAYMOND O. , ZLATKOVA MARGARITA B. , ANDERSON ROGER S.
Published: April 2005

Psychophysical measurements using achromatic grating resolution acuity in peripheral vision show a prominent retinal asymmetry in acuity which is consistent with predicted values based on available estimates of midget ganglion cell density. Recent studies have shown that peripheral grating resolution acuity values for short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) isolating gratings in normal observers are closely related to predicted values based on the underlying small bistratified ganglion cell density. By measuring SWS resolution acuity at different locations across the visual field, we wished to see if any significant acuity asymmetry exists for the short-wavelength system. In addition to this, we wanted to compare SWS and achromatic resolution acuity at different retinal locations of equal eccentricity. SWS and achromatic grating resolution acuity was measured in two observers at a number of different retinal meridians of 10- and 25-deg eccentricity from the fovea, and out to 35-deg eccentricity along the horizontal meridian. Achromatic resolution acuity was higher than SWS resolution acuity at all locations. At 10-deg eccentricity there was slight radial asymmetry in SWS and achromatic acuity, both displaying highest acuity along the horizontal meridian. At 25-deg eccentricity, SWS and achromatic acuity showed significant asymmetry with acuity being higher in the nasal retina compared to the temporal retina and with higher acuity in the superior retina compared to the inferior retina. At 35-deg eccentricity, the acuity asymmetry along the horizontal meridian was maintained with acuity for both significantly higher in the nasal retina. The SWS acuity changes with eccentricity and meridian were qualitatively similar to that found for achromatic acuity at the majority of retinal locations. Like achromatic acuity, SWS acuity shows significant asymmetry at different retinal locations of equal eccentricity. This suggests that both the midget and small bistratified ganglion cell population density changes significantly with retinal location and eccentricity. SWS acuity appears to change in parallel with achromatic acuity for the majority of retinal locations measured, although the amount of nasotemporal asymmetry appears to be slightly less for the SWS system at 25- and 35-deg eccentricity.
Perceptual classification of chromatic modulation
Authors: BOUET ROMAIN , KNOBLAUCH KENNETH
Published: April 2005

(article appeared in Visual Neuroscience (2004), 21,
283–289

Due to a production error, the second author affiliation is
incorrectly cited. It should have read as follows:

INSERM U371, Cerveau et Vision, IFR 19, Institut
Fédératif des Neurosciences, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon I, Bron France