bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As pandemias/epidemias em foco: reflexões ensaísticas sobre a relação entre ser humano e natureza
Authors: Souza Diego de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Considera-se que a relação entre a estrutura social e as pandemias/epidemias vai além das repercussões sociais que geram, a exemplo do que tem ocorrido com a pandemia de Covid-19, porque está presente desde suas origens. Com isso, o objetivo é analisar o processo de constituição das pandemias/epidemias em face da relação entre ser humano e natureza. As reflexões são suscitadas desde a perspectiva materialista histórico-dialética, com um escopo bibliográfico que se constitui sobre a teoria social de Marx. Demonstramos que a evolução viral, as alterações do comportamento de hospedeiros e as formas de interação com os seres humanos expressam a ruptura metabólica entre sociedade e natureza, instituída no capitalismo.
Caderno de literatura: um percurso de formação em literatura na educação do campo [Ana Laura dos Reis Corrêa, Bernard Hermann Hess e Daniele dos Santos Rosa]
Authors: Silva Wellington Augusto
Published: September 2021

Resenha do livro “Cadernos de literatura - um percurso de formação em literatura na educação do campo”, organizado por Ana Laura dos Reis Corrêa, Bernard Hermann Hess e Daniele dos Santos Rosa.
Ecologia política e conflitos ambientais: lutas por justiça ambiental
Authors: Leal Fellipe Guerin , Quintanilha Veras Neto Francisco , Consolaro Nabozny Gabriela
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do artigo é compreender as dimensões das lutas por justiça ambiental. O marco teórico pressupõe o rompimento com o projeto neoliberal para o trato da questão ambiental. O método é dedutivo. A pesquisa é bibliográfica. Listam-se os principais resultados. O surgimento do movimento de Justiça Ambiental conecta a luta por direitos civis e ambientais. Os efeitos da degradação ambiental são distribuídos em maior proporção às populações vulneráveis. Os conflitos ambientais atingem todas as regiões do mundo. Os efeitos negativos são maiores nas regiões periféricas, porque associados a processos de exclusão anteriores como a escravidão e o colonialismo. Por situar a questão ambiental na lógica de mercado, o capitalismo verde contrapõe-se ao movimento por justiça ambiental. A biodiversidade é significativa na América Latina. O Acordo TRIPS impede que os benefícios econômicos gerados pela exploração da diversidade biológica sejam revertidos aos povos e países de origem dos recursos naturais, porque há sobreposição de direitos de propriedade intelectual. O constitucionalismo andino rompeu com o antropocentrismo, conferindo centralidade à Natureza em seu regime jurídico. No Brasil, os princípios da sustentabilidade, informação, precaução e da proibição do retrocesso ambiental compõem o arcabouço mínimo de tratamento da questão ambiental.
Ecossocialismo, suas categorias e fundamentos teóricos
Authors: Peneluc Magno da Conceição , Moradillo Edilson Fortuna de
Published: September 2021

O Ecossocialismo é um movimento social e um campo de discussão filosófica acerca de um projeto de sociedade que se baseia nos princípios do trabalho livre, consciente, associado e universal, e na defesa da unidade dialética de complementaridade da relação ser social/natureza, sem perder de vista o campo das necessidades e possibilidades postas historicamente para a reprodução humana. Defendemos que as categorias desveladas e as teorias construídas por Marx e Engels possibilitaram a explicitação das contradições materialmente determinadas que o ser humano e a natureza concretizam sob o capitalismo, com base na reprodução do capital e no trabalho assalariado. Buscou-se discutir as teorias que compõem a Economia Ecológica marxista e fundamentam do movimento Ecossocialista.
Pedagogia da imagem-Covid-19: o que traduz o tempo presente?
Authors: Acom Ana Carolina Cruz
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma pedagogia da imagem formada durante a pandemia da Covid-19. A partir da percepção de que vivemos tempos de Coronavírus, as imagens que materializam nosso tempo foram aqui pensadas. Desde o pensamento cinematográfico deleuziano da imagem-tempo e a possibilidade de traduzir o tempo presente no imaginário do cinema, algumas considerações foram tecidas para elucidar o que define nossa experiência do agora. Assim, é apresentada a coalescência do futurismo gráfico e distópico de uma pandemia com a impressão de déjà-vu, em uma memória do atual. O artigo evoca algumas imagens da contemporaneidade como ruas vazias, uso das máscaras, governantes vulgares e funerais insólitos para testemunhar o imaginário do Coronavírus se fundindo a uma anamnese da ficção. As reflexões passam pela estética da pandemia, do vazio ao caos político: temas clichês em futuros distópicos do cinema, atualizados na realidade do presente. Pensar o tempo Coronavírus é pensar através das novas imagens que nos sitiam e das memórias que ficarão deste tempo.
Cenários da educação infantil no Território de Identidade de Irecê na pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Bispo Joelma Gomes de Oliveira , Araújo Flávia Lorena de Souza
Published: September 2021

A pandemia da Covid-19 tem desafiado os diferentes profissionais da educação. Cenário marcado pela incerteza, em que se faz necessário enfrentar novas dinâmicas de trabalho, utilizar recursos para se comunicar com as famílias e os educandos, ressignificar o fazer pedagógico e compreender o papel da educação frente à nova realidade. O presente texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre os cenários tecidos no campo da educação infantil na pandemia, a partir da colaboração de sete técnicas que atuam em secretarias municipais de educação no Território de Identidade de Irecê (TII). O estudo de natureza qualitativa tem sua ancoragem nos pressupostos da fenomenologia e se pautou na pesquisa do tipo narrativa. Utilizamos como principal meio a gravação das narrativas orais, através de tecnologia de comunicação instantânea. A interpretação das questões que se entrelaçam nas falas das técnicas levam ao entendimento de que os cenários educativos com as crianças de até 5 anos, no TII, conta com o esforço dessas profissionais em coordenar, apoiar e incentivar os professores no processo de aproximação e orientação das famílias, com o intuito de propor situações que ampliem as experiências infantis em suas residências, enfrentando algumas dificuldades em relação ao uso das TIC pelas(os) professoras(es) dos municípios, o alcance das famílias e crianças que não têm acesso à internet e/ou não possuem dispositivos móveis. Esses cenários, portanto, caracterizam-se por incertezas, tentativas de diálogo com as concepções de infância, currículo e criança, explícitas nas bases legais que norteiam a educação infantil, sobretudo, repleta de aprendizagens profissionais.

Palavras-chave: Educação infantil. Pandemia COVID-19. Técnicas de educação. Família. Criança.
Sociedade do espetáculo adiado: Apontamentos sobre educação na cidade febril
Authors: Tascheto Marcio Tascheto Tascheto
Published: September 2021

Este artigo objetiva desenvolver alguns apontamentos sobre os impactos da pandemia de covid-19 para a educação. Parte da suspensão das características da sociedade do espetáculo em meio às mudanças operadas pela crise sanitária e seus desdobramentos econômicos, sociais, culturais e, sobretudo, nos modos de subjetivação contemporâneos. O novo cenário agudiza as segmentações molares e moleculares da dívida, da securitização e o esvaziamento das instâncias políticas, forçando ainda mais a busca por territórios abertos e a necessidade de outros campos de visualidade. Entendendo a pandemia como um ponto de vista, habitar a interioridade desta perspectiva nos ajuda a compreender não só as sombras da modernidade residual, como os processos de subjetivação que exercitam outras formas de atenção, uma espécie de fúria dos vaga-lumes na célebre imagem proposta por Pasolini. Para além das formas dominantes de educação, é esse quase-mundo de uma educação informe que se abre com o inferno conjuntural do momento. Algumas dessas contra-utopias e seu iluminismo das sombras arrasta nossos olhos para frestas que, se alargadas, desfazem a luz branca das utopias e distopias do poder. Atravessando algumas dessas fogueiras difusas, elencamos algumas reverberações que a pandemia de covid-19 evoca, como linhas abertas ao pensamento violentado por sua perspectiva e passível de formulações vindouras, o que chamamos de efeito “Joker” na sociedade do espetáculo adiado.
Espacios online educativos a partir de la percepción de la propia experiencia de estudiantes universitarias/os
Authors: Ficoseco Verónica Sofia , Gaona Melina Daniela
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza las maneras en que estudiantes de carreras en modalidad online perciben y experimentan los ambientes virtuales que habitan y transitan, como así también sus posibilidades de agencia y de expresión, y las percepciones respecto de las y los demás actores. Primeramente, se presenta una sistematización teórica sobre los ambientes virtuales como espacios sociales y educativos, ya sean aulas virtuales institucionales o plataformas de redes sociales. A continuación, se analizan indicadores basados en datos cuantitativos producidos ad hoc, y finalmente, se presenta una sistematización de líneas derivadas del análisis para la construcción de espacios educativos online inclusivos y democráticos, que intenten no repetir desigualdades históricas y contemplen la diversidad de experiencias y agencias. Metodológicamente, se combinó la producción de datos cuantitativos con análisis cualitativo basado en el método descriptivo y analítico. Los datos fueron producidos en base a una encuesta a ingresantes de carreras universitarias online.
Editorial
Authors: De Paula Silva Maria Cecília , Almeida Verônica Domingues , Brito de Sá Maria Roseli Gomes , Zordan Paola
Published: September 2021

Nesse tempo de distanciamentos, e não propriamente de isolamento social como bem demonstram as pesquisas, aulas e fóruns em andamento, propusemos a criação de um dossiê que permitisse pensar novas possibilidades para nosso campo de produção, a Educação. Buscando atender a esta urgência, apresentamos um conjunto temático que aborda a atualidade procurando distintos olhares e reflexões sobre o contexto no qual nos encontramos. Um de nossos principais objetivos é apresentar um panorama de múltiplas possibilidades e territórios de produção do conhecimento científico no campo da Educação, buscando contribuir com os debates sobre os percursos que a atividade educativa está trilhando a partir da pandemia de Covid-19 e quais recortes, nas pesquisas educacionais, em suas transversalidades, podemos demonstrar perante a presente situação.
A educação sobre drogas e as limitações do paradoxo da indústria da ceveja.
Authors: Monteiro Renato Augusto Silva
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: Este estudo se baseia em uma releitura da educação sobre drogas a fim de problematizar as limitações a essa abordagem nas estratégias educativas da indústria de bebidas, mais especificamente, a indústria da cerveja. Em um escopo mais amplo, a pesquisa se desenvolveu no Centro de Experiência Cervejeira da Bohemia (CECB) que pertence à Companhia de Bebidas das Américas (Ambev), localizado na cidade de Petrópolis, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a cartilha Papo em família: como falar sobre bebidas alcoólicas com menores de 18 anos distribuída aos responsáveis de menores de 18 anos em visita ao tour cervejeiro do CECB. A questão sobre a qual nos debruçamos se refere a compreender os dispositivos que interferem na produção de significados sobre o uso do álcool na cartilha e sua relação com a educação sobre drogas na perspectiva da autonomia, buscando identificar os dispositivos que atuam na limitação dessa abordagem. Como resultado sugerimos a existência de um paradoxo da indústria da cerveja no qual por um lado a Ambev estimula o uso do álcool, e por outro, adota uma abordagem proibicionista, o que se deve a tensionamentos entre interesses mercadológicos e dispositivos médico-legais, retroalimentados pela política de guerra às drogas.
Estudantes de uma escola do campo e a cultura digital
Authors: Silva Alexandre Leite dos Santos , Arrais Gardner de Andrade , Vieira Jean Felipe
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os resultados de umapesquisa sobre a cultura digital de estudantes de uma escola do campo darede pública municipal de Picos, Piauí. A coleta dos dados se deu por meiode um questionário aplicado a estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Tambémforam usados registros em arquivo sobre a instituição. Os resultados mostraramque a maioria dos estudantes possui acesso a dispositivos eletrônicose conexão com a internet em suas casas. É comum ficarem mais de quatrohoras por dia no ciberespaço. As tecnologias digitais estão presentes nasatividades produtivas do campo, desenvolvidas por suas famílias. A escola,embora possua alguns dispositivos eletrônicos e internet, não os tem exploradosuficientemente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Corpo e aprendizagem informal
Authors: Hildebrandt-Stramann Reiner
Published: September 2021

O artigo enfoca a contribuição do corpo humano para os processos(informais) de aprendizagem e desdobra a tese de que toda aquisição dehabilidades e conhecimentos é transmitida corporalmente e praticamente.Ele parte de um amplo entendimento da aprendizagem que não se limitaa contextos institucionalizados, mas o entende como um momento de todaprática social. Usando vários exemplos empíricos, a aprendizagem é trazidoà luz como um processo de experiência no qual os sujeitos se formam “holisticamente”.São formadas habilidades de percepção, de sentir e reconhecimentoentre outras, que permitem ao indivíduo “tomar parte do jogo demaneira competente em suas práticas” e também agir de maneira reflexiva,crítica ou transgressora em relação a eles. No fundo, essas considerações teóricas,apresento finalmente dois cenários de aprendizagem e suas práticas:um exemplo da acrobacia e um exemplo da cena do movimento urbano. Aomesmo tempo, o conhecimento – necessariamente seletivo e realístico – doestado da pesquisa empírica sobre a conexão entre corporalidade e aprendizageminformal deve ser expandido.
Molecule Confined Isolated Metal Sites Enable the Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Tang Shasha , Dou Shuo , Fan Hong Jin , Choksi Tej S. , Wang Xin
Published: September 2021

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction is a promising alternative to the industrial anthraquinone oxidation process. Selectivity to H2O2 is however limited by the four‐electron pathway during oxygen reduction. Herein, it is reported that aminoanthraquinone confined isolated metal sites on carbon supports selectively steer oxygen reduction to H2O2 through the two‐electron pathway. Confining isolated NiNx sites under aminoanthraquinone increases the selectivity to H2O2 from below 55% to above 80% over a wide potential range. Spectroscopy characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that isolated NiNx sites are confined within a nanochannel formed between the molecule and the carbon support. The confinement reduces the thermodynamic barrier for OOH* desorption versus further dissociation, thus increasing the selectivity to H2O2. It is revealed how tailoring noncovalent interactions beyond the binding site can empower electrocatalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 through oxygen reduction.
Loneliness and the Social Brain: How Perceived Social Isolation Impairs Human Interactions
Authors: Lieberz Jana , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone G. , Saporta Nira , Esser Timo , Kuskova Ekaterina , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Hurlemann René , Scheele Dirk
Published: September 2021

Loneliness is a painful condition associated with increased risk for premature mortality. The formation of new, positive social relationships can alleviate feelings of loneliness, but requires rapid trustworthiness decisions during initial encounters and it is still unclear how loneliness hinders interpersonal trust. Here, a multimodal approach including behavioral, psychophysiological, hormonal, and neuroimaging measurements is used to probe a trust‐based mechanism underlying impaired social interactions in loneliness. Pre‐stratified healthy individuals with high loneliness scores (n = 42 out of a screened sample of 3678 adults) show reduced oxytocinergic and affective responsiveness to a positive conversation, report less interpersonal trust, and prefer larger social distances compared to controls (n = 40). Moreover, lonely individuals are rated as less trustworthy compared to controls and identified by the blinded confederate better than chance. During initial trust decisions, lonely individuals exhibit attenuated limbic and striatal activation and blunted functional connectivity between the anterior insula and occipitoparietal regions, which correlates with the diminished affective responsiveness to the positive social interaction. This neural response pattern is not mediated by loneliness‐associated psychological symptoms. Thus, the results indicate compromised integration of trust‐related information as a shared neurobiological component in loneliness, yielding a reciprocally reinforced trust bias in social dyads.
Inter‐integration reactive distillation with vapor permeation for ethyl levulinate production: Equipment development and experimental validating
Authors: Han Wen‐Tao , Han Zhen‐Wei , Gao Xue‐Chao , Hong Zhou , Li Xin‐Gang , Li Hong , Gu Xue‐Hong , Gao Xin
Published: September 2021

Ethyl levulinate, one of the main derivatives of levulinic acid (LA), is of significant potential as platform chemicals for bio‐based materials. The esterification of LA was generally carried out in a conventional batch reactor or in a conventional reactive distillation column. However, traditional methods are hard to deal with equilibrium limited reactions and azeotropic issues. Therefore, the inter‐integration reactive distillation with vapor permeation (R‐VP‐D) process, which integrated reaction, vapor permeation, and distillation into one single unit, is proposed in this paper and validated in the pilot‐scale experiments. A comparative study is made between a pilot‐scale RD column with and without VP module. Owing to the water‐selective VP membrane and the ingenious design of related apparatuses, the R‐VP‐D process reveal a superiority in LA conversion of 21.9% maximum higher than RD without VP process and removing of product water about 53.6% from VP module, which indicates its promising industrial application in process intensification field.
Association between labor union presence and return to work after occupational injury or illness: A nationally representative longitudinal study in South Korea
Authors: Choi Bokyoung , Bahk Jinwook , Lee Hyemin , Kim Seung‐Sup
Published: September 2021

Background

This study sought to examine the association between labor union presence and return to work after occupational injury or illness (RTW) among workers in South Korea.

Methods

We analyzed the first (2018) and second (2019) wave data from the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance in South Korea. The cohort consisted of 3,294 workers who had suffered occupational injury or illness and completed their convalescence by 2017. We examined whether RTW was associated with the presence of labor unions in the workplace at the time of the occupational injury or illness occurred.

Results

Compared to workers without labor unions, those with labor unions were more likely to report RTW (prevalence ratio: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.51) after adjusting for potential confounders, including employment status, duration of convalescence, and severity of injury or illness.

Conclusion

This study found that labor union presence was associated with RTW among workers who suffered occupational injury or illness in South Korea.
An analytical approach to elucidate the architecture of polyethyleneimines
Authors: Grenda Kinga , Idström Alexander , Evenäs Lars , Persson Michael , Holmberg Krister , Bordes Romain
Published: September 2021

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a common polymer used in many industrial applications and in research, especially in surface chemistry. It is available in a wide range of molecular weights and different degrees of branching. It is classified as linear or branched and sometimes the term hyperbranched is also used. This description, however, is quite rough, which limits the possibility to correlate the structure of the PEI to its properties. The aim of this study is to provide analytical tools to characterize the polymer at a level of detail not normally provided by the supplier of PEI. To this end, five commercially available polyethyleneimines were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to gain insight into the structure and the functional groups present in the polymers. Quantitative 13C NMR analysis turned out to be particularly useful, revealing the degree of branching of the polymer based on the ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups.
Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta‐analysis of eye‐tracking studies
Authors: Ma Xue'er , Gu Haixia , Zhao Jingjing
Published: September 2021

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with atypical gaze patterns to others' faces, a finding substantiated throughout the literature. Yet, a quantification of atypical gaze patterns to different facial regions (e.g., eyes versus mouth) in ASD remains controversial. Also few study has investigated how age and culture impacted the pattern of gaze abnormalities in ASD. This research therefore conducted a meta‐analysis of eye‐tracking studies to evaluate age and culture effect on atypical gaze patterns of face processing in ASD. A total of 75 articles (91 studies) and 4209 individuals (ASD: 2027; controls: 2182) across all age ranges (i.e., childhood through to adulthood) from both Eastern and Western cultures were included in this meta‐analysis. Individuals with ASD yielded shorter fixation durations to the eyes than individuals without ASD. Group differences in the time spent fixating on the eyes were not modulated by age, but affected by culture. Effect size in the eastern culture was larger than that in the western culture. In contrast, group differences on time spent looking at the mouth were not significant, but changed with age and modulated by culture. Relative to the neurotypical controls, Western individuals with ASD spent more time looking at the mouth from school age, whereas Eastern individuals with ASD did not gaze longer on mouth until adulthood. These results add to the body of evidence supporting atypical gaze behaviors to eyes in ASD and provide new insights into a potential mouth compensation strategy that develops with age in ASD.

Lay Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical gaze patterns when looking at others' faces compared to neurotypical individuals. This paper examines the role of age and culture on pattern of gaze abnormalities in individuals with ASD. Results show that reduction of gaze on eyes in ASD is stable across all ages and cultures, while increase of gaze on mouth emerges as individuals with ASD get older. The findings provide a developmental insight to the gaze patterns on the autism spectrum across culture.
Rapid intensification of an established CHO cell fed‐batch process
Authors: Schulze Markus , Niemann Julia , Wijffels Rene H. , Matuszczyk Jens , Martens Dirk E.
Published: September 2021

Currently, the mammalian biomanufacturing industry explores process intensification (PI) to meet upcoming demands of biotherapeutics while keeping production flexible but, more importantly, as economic as possible. However, intensified processes often require more development time compared with conventional fed‐batches (FBs) preventing their implementation. Hence, rapid and efficient, yet straightforward strategies for PI are needed. In this study we demonstrate such a strategy for the intensification of an N‐stage FB by implementing N‐1 perfusion cell culture and high inoculum cell densities resulting in a robust intensified FB (iFB). Furthermore, we show successful combination of such an iFB with the addition of productivity enhancers, which has not been reported so far. The conventional CHO cell FB process was step‐wise improved and intensified rapidly in multi‐parallel small‐scale bioreactors using N‐1 perfusion. The iFBs were performed in 15 and 250 ml bioreactors and allowed to evaluate the impact on key process indicators (KPI): the space–time yield (STY) was successfully doubled from 0.28 to 0.55 g/L d, while product quality was maintained. This gain was generated by initially increasing the inoculation density, thus shrinking process time, and second supplementation with butyric acid (BA), which reduced cell growth and enhanced cell‐specific productivity from ~25 to 37 pg/(cell d). Potential impacts of PI on cell metabolism were evaluated using flux balance analysis. Initial metabolic differences between the standard and intensified process were observed but disappeared quickly. This shows that PI can be achieved rapidly for new as well as existing processes without introducing sustained changes in cellular and metabolic behavior.
Consider the benefits of third‐party security personnel
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2021

Aerin Washington started her career in law enforcement as a sworn police officer at Lafayette, before working as a sworn police officer at the University of Tennessee, and then looking at campus safety from various positions regarding safety and security. “I kind of bounced around because I wanted to see what campus safety looked like at different institutions [and from different positions],” Washington, Director of Campus Security at the University of Utah, said.
Honor the five universal truths
Authors: Miles David
Published: September 2021

Over the past year, events occurred that drastically changed our way of life. The first event is the pandemic, which by now we are all tired of hearing and talking about. Unfortunately, with the different variants of the virus, we may not yet be fully finished with dealing with this pandemic.
Hybrid convolutional neural network based classification of bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases on tomato leaf images
Authors: Cengil Emine , Çınar Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Tomatoes can get many diseases at every stage of the cultivation process depending on environmental and climatic factors. Tomato growers sometimes struggle to monitor leaves in order to detect these diseases. As a result, deep learning‐based systems for detecting diseases have been developed. It has demonstrated its worth by solving problems in a variety of fields, including classification. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is particularly effective in image classification, recognition, and detection. In this article, a hybrid‐based CNN model for the classification of diseases on tomato leaf images is proposed. The performance of the method has been examined by the tomato leaf disease detection dataset and Taiwan datasets. For the extraction of features, well‐known CNN architectures such as AlexNet, ResNet50, and VGG16 are used at first. The feature transfer method extracts features from the last fully connected layers of the architectures. After that, the minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection algorithm is applied to these features for optimization. The features gathered are concatenated. Concatenating features are classified by popular machine learning classification algorithms. With the proposed method, the highest performance values for the tomato leaf disease detection and Taiwan dataset show an accuracy of 98.3% and 96.3%, respectively.
Optimization for the reduction of power in sidebands and side lobes of time‐modulated antenna array
Authors: Ram Gopi
Published: September 2021

Optimization for the reduction of power losses in sidebands and side lobes of time‐modulated antenna array (TMLAA) is dealt in this work. Optimization for the reduction of power in TMLAA is analyzed by considering two ways of the power loss analysis: one with the minimization of power loss with optimization of Toff instant with Ton instant as zero for each element along with optimal inter‐element spacing with uniform amplitude and second, by taking optimization of Ton and Toff instant of each element of TMLAA along with optimal inter‐element spacing with uniform amplitude. Distance between any two consecutive antennas and switch ON and OFF instants are considered as optimizing variables for reduction of power due to sidebands at harmonic frequencies and side lobes at the fundamental harmonic. Towards this approach, an evolutionary algorithm‐based approach called harmony search algorithm (HSA) is applied. Optimal values of the variable parameters of the TMLAA are obtained after optimization by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and HSA. MATLAB simulation results are presented in this work for different array sets of 16‐, 20‐, 24‐, 28‐, and 32‐element antenna arrays. To validate in electromagnetic (EM)‐simulated environment, a 16‐element TMLAA is designed in CST‐MWS with parameters obtained after optimization, and these results are validated with those of MATLAB results.
CircATL2 enhances paclitaxel resistance of ovarian cancer via impacting miR‐506‐3p/NFIB axis
Authors: Ying Hanyue , Zhao Ruping , Yu Qingqing , Zhang Ke , Deng Qinghua
Published: September 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital regulatory roles in the development of ovarian cancer (OC). However, the functions of circRNA Atlastin GTPase 2 (circATL2) in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of OC are still unclear. As a result, circATL2 was upregulated in PTX‐resistant OC tissues and cells. CircATL2 knockdown reduced IC50 of PTX, inhibited colony formation ability and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PTX‐resistant OC cells. Silencing of circATL2 restrained PTX resistance in vivo. Furthermore, miR‐506‐3p could be targeted by circATL2 and miR‐506‐3p inhibition reversed the impacts of circATL2 knockdown on PTX resistance and cell progression in PTX‐resistant OC cells. NFIB was identified as the target of miR‐506‐3p. MiR‐506‐3p overexpression suppressed PTX resistance and malignant behaviors of PTX‐resistant OC cells, with NFIB elevation rescued the impacts. To summarize, circATL2 promoted the resistance of OC to PTX by sponging miR‐506‐3p to upregulate NFIB expression, providing a new sight in chemoresistance of OC.
Comparison of scope holding sign on endoscopy and lower esophageal sphincter contraction on high‐resolution manometry: A pilot study
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Inoue Haruhiro , Shimamura Yuto , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Nishikawa Yohei , Toshimori Akiko , Tanabe Mayo , Sumi Kazuya , Iwaya Yugo , Ono Masashi , Izawa Shinya , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) plays a key role in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pathogenesis. In retroflexion and under sufficient insufflation, it can be seen how the lower esophagus grasps the endoscope, which we named scope holding sign (SHS). This study aimed to compare the SHS and LES pressure on high‐resolution manometry (HRM), to elucidate whether the sphincter can be visualized endoscopically.

Methods

This was a single‐center, prospective pilot study. Patients with symptoms of GERD, who underwent endoscopy and HRM between February 2021 and April 2021, were included. A manometry catheter and an ultra‐slim endoscope were inserted, and the resting LES pressure was measured. The lower esophagus holding (SHS‐positive) and releasing (SHS‐negative) the endoscope and catheter were observed. The LES pressures during SHS‐positive and SHS‐negative were compared.

Results

Eleven patients (median age: 57 years; eight men) with normal esophageal motility were analyzed. The median LES pressure in SHS‐positive was significantly higher than the resting LES pressure (40.4 [22.9–74.0] vs. 25.9 [2.0–66.7] mm Hg; p = 0.001) and the LES pressure in SHS‐negative (4.6 [1.5–9.3]; p = 0.001). Furthermore, the LES pressure in SHS‐negative was significantly lower than the resting LES pressure (4.6 [1.5–9.3] vs. 25.9 [2.0–66.7] mm Hg; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the SHS parallels LES pressure, indicating that the sphincter can be observed endoscopically. This may enable us to evaluate LES function during endoscopy in patients with GERD, thus, deserving further evaluation in future studies.
Emotion regulation in adolescents with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: Differential use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies compared to healthy adolescents
Authors: Perthes Karin , Kirschbaum‐Lesch Inken , Legenbauer Tanja , Holtmann Martin , Hammerle Florian , Kolar David R.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Adolescents with anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) often struggle with emotion regulation (ER). These difficulties have predominantly been assessed across emotions, without considering adaptive and maladaptive ER separately. We compared adolescents with AN or BN to healthy adolescents (HCs) regarding the adaptive and maladaptive ER of three emotions.

Method

A treatment‐seeking sample of 197 adolescents (atypical/full‐threshold AN: N = 118, atypical/full‐threshold BN: N = 32; HC: N = 47) reported emotion‐specific ER with the FEEL‐KJ questionnaire. Mixed models were calculated for adaptive and maladaptive ER to assess differences between emotions (anxiety, anger, and sadness) and groups (AN, BN, and HC).

Results

Main effects of emotion (p < .001) and group (p < .001) were found, but no interaction effects were found (p > .05). Post hoc tests showed lower maladaptive and higher adaptive ER for anxiety than anger or sadness (p < .001). AN and BN reported lower adaptive (p < .001) and higher maladaptive ER than HCs (p < .001). BN showed the highest levels of maladaptive ER (p = .009).

Discussion

The differences between AN and BN in adaptive and maladaptive ER should be considered. Furthermore, investigating differences in ER of other emotions in eating disorders might be promising.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: Disease of diverse genetic, symptomatic, and biochemical phenotypes
Authors: Medina Jesus E. , Randolph Gregory W. , Angelos Peter , Zafereo Mark E. , Tufano Ralph P. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Montenegro Fabio L. M. , Owen Randall P. , Khafif Avi , Suárez Carlos , Shaha Ashok R. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Krempl Greg A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Ferlito Alfio
Published: September 2021

Genetic, symptomatic, and biochemical heterogeneity of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has become apparent in recent years. An in‐depth, evidence‐based review of the phenotypes of PHPT was conducted. This review was intended to provide the resulting information to surgeons who operate on patients with hyperparathyroidism. This review revealed that the once relatively clear distinction between familial and sporadic PHPT has become more challenging by the finding of various germline mutations in patients with seemingly sporadic PHPT. On the one hand, the genetic and clinical characteristics of some syndromes in which PHPT is an important component are now better understood. On the other hand, knowledge is emerging about novel syndromes, such as the rare multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4), in which PHPT occurs frequently. It also revealed that, currently, the classical array of symptoms of PHPT is seen rarely upon initial presentation for evaluation. More common are nonspecific, nonclassical symptoms and signs of PHPT. In areas of the world where serum calcium levels are checked routinely, most patients today are “asymptomatic” and they are diagnosed after an incidental finding of hypercalcemia; however, some of them have subclinical involvement of bones and kidneys, which is demonstrated on radiographs, ultrasound, and modern imaging techniques. Last, the review points out that there are three distinct biochemical phenotypes of PHPT. The classical phenotype in which calcium and parathyroid hormone levels are both elevated, and other disease presentations in which the serum levels of calcium or intact parathyroid hormone are normal. Today several, distinct phenotypes of the disease can be identified, and they have implications in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients, as well as possible screening of relatives.
A silent burden—prolapse, incontinence, and infertility in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Clarke Marilyn , Whitson Nicole , Williams Corey , Robson Stephen J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, and infertility are all prevalent conditions associated with considerable reduction in quality of life. As a group, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women may be at higher risk of these conditions, but studies are scarce.

Objective

To review the literature pertaining to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions in Indigenous Australian women.

Search strategy

Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for articles published between 1980 and 2021 pertaining to these conditions in Indigenous Australian women.

Selection criteria

Studies that did not directly address the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions were excluded.

Main results

It was possible to identify only 11 papers dealing with these conditions in Indigenous Australian women. Only one dealt with POP and was a retrospective audit of a health outreach program in the Northern Territory concluding that there was significant underreporting of the condition. Five papers dealt with urinary incontinence and, again, described significant underreporting and poor referral pathways. Five papers reported small studies about infertility, one reporting poor engagement from clinical directors.

Conclusion

It was concluded that despite the importance of these conditions, there is almost no body of research and this is an urgent national problem.
Conceptual modeling of energy storage systems
Authors: Vrenne Therese , Syverud Elisabet , Muller Gerrit
Published: September 2021

Conceptual models are explicit representations of complex systems that help people understand and communicate the system and its behavior in its actual context. The stable energy systems that we rely on in our daily life require a balance between energy production and consumption. Energy systems, particularly those that include renewable energy sources, have inherent dynamic behavior due to the intermittence of energy sources such as solar and wind. We use conceptual models to understand this behavior.

The transition towards a carbon neutral energy system requires energy storage to ensure a supply of renewable energy when needed. The sizing strategy for energy storage systems is challenging because both the supply side and the demand side varies with time. In this paper, we investigate how energy storage technologies can provide seasonal storage for an existing energy system with excess electric power production during the summer months. We use conceptual models to review pumped hydro energy storage, hydrogen storage, and brine technology.

The conceptual models simplify the selection process and help in choosing the most suitable energy storage solution from technical and economic criteria. The conceptual models are effective in communicating the constraints and opportunities of the system. However, we find it difficult to balance between comprehension that requires simplification, and accuracy that requires details.
Conceptual Modelling of Seasonal Energy Storage Technologies for Residential Heating in a Dutch town Best
Authors: Drilen Erik , Muller Gerrit , Syverud Elisabet
Published: September 2021

The increasing growth of modern renewables in countries with significant seasonal variations leads to a growing amount of excessive energy generated in peak seasons. This combined with the shortage of renewable energy in off‐peak periods, creates an emerging need for seasonal energy storages. Best is a town located south in the Netherlands. Heating with natural gas in the cold season is the major energy consuming function in the residential sector, in Best. In this paper, we investigate storage technologies that have the potential to replace natural gas as a source of heating in Best. We observe and analyze Best and investigate storage technologies to uncover key considerations. We create conceptual models of three suitable storage technologies. We use these models to compare the storage technologies and enable discussion around the key considerations. The conceptual models provide insight and understanding of the technologies and the considerations. The comparison points to power‐to‐gas (PtG), with the production of methane and supply of electricity to heat pumps, as the most suitable technology for Best.
Insights for Systems Security Engineering from Multilayer Network Models
Authors: Williams Adam D. , Birch Gabriel C. , Caskey Susan A. , Fleming Elizabeth S. , Gunda Thushara , Adams Thomas , Wingo Jamie
Published: September 2021

Next‐generation approaches for systems security engineering will need to address challenges stemming from complex risk environments, innovative adversaries, and disruptive technologies—particularly for high consequence facilities (HCF). Key insights from complexity, systems, and network theories—and support from subject matter expert (SME) elicited empirical data—support using a multilayer network model for HCF security to address these challenges. Early results of modeling HCF security system performance in terms of multilayer network characteristics seemed to meet the needs expressed in the SME data, provide a suite of mathematically tractable metrics to describe more complex security behaviors, and align with characteristics related to incorporating systems security engineering into the future of systems engineering.
Developing domain‐specific AI‐based tools to boost cross‐enterprise knowledge reuse and improve quality
Authors: Sarwar Sajjad , Haskins Cecilia
Published: September 2021

MHWirth observed that several quality issues surfaced during the product commissioning phase causing a negative impact on project cost, delivery time and customer satisfaction. By using root cause analyses, this research found several links between poor quality and lack of proper knowledge management. With better knowledge management, most of these quality issues could be addressed and solved at an earlier stage of the product life cycle. Today different barriers are preventing organizations from taking full advantage of previously generated valuable knowledge. This paper explores how the use of Artificial Intelligence can boost knowledge reuse. The goal is to empower faster and more informed decision‐making based on lessons learned in the past to minimize waste, rework, re‐invention and redundancy.
From UAF to SysML: Transitioning from System of Systems to Systems Architecture
Authors: Morkevicius Aurelijus , Aleksandraviciene Aiste , Krisciuniene Gintare
Published: September 2021

The fourth industrial evolution, Internet of Things, and large‐scale machine‐to‐machine interactions are driving digital transformation in the industry. Model‐based Systems engineering (MBSE), as a new paradigm of capturing and analyzing knowledge about the system, is one of the core factors to drive this transformation. MBSE practices are more and more widely applied to system‐of‐systems (including enterprise and mission) engineering, which becomes a crucial part of the successful digital transformation. The core challenge today is how digital continuity can be maintained by connecting system models to system‐of‐systems models, especially when multiple parties are involved in their creation and exploration. This paper studies Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as the standard language to model systems, and Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) as the framework and Unified Architecture Framework Profile (UAFP) as the language to model system of systems and proposes an approach for transitioning from one to another in an integrated modeling environment.
Predicting failure events from crowd‐derived inputs: schedule slips and missed requirements
Authors: Georgalis Georgios , Marais Karen
Published: September 2021

Systems engineers and project managers have a wide range of tools and approaches they use to assess risk, but these approaches have not helped to reduce failures as much as hoped. Post‐failure analyses may not be enough to prevent a future failure, even at the same organization. In this paper, we present a risk assessment prototype that goes beyond collecting information about the failures or failure causes themselves and aims to consider the human actions that lead to failure. Our method adds “crowd signals” to capture the human actions and behaviors that we know eventually lead to failures. Crowd signals are data derived from a set of questions that members of a project team answer, and are used as input for our prediction models. We collected data from 18 different engineering student projects at Purdue University and built two types of models: one to predict schedule failures and one for technical requirements failure.

In both cases, we found that a failure during the previous week increases the likelihood of the same type of failure the following week. Some human behaviors such as students knowing more about their teammates, understanding all implications of their project actions, and not wasting time discussing trivial matters help reduce the likelihood of failures. In contrast, when students are not learning anything new through their involvement with the projects, postponing or cancelling required meetings or tasks, or having problems resurface due to poor solutions, the likelihood of failures increases. In future work, we intend to use the predictive models to provide feedback to the student teams. The work presented in this paper is part of ongoing research efforts to improve risk assessment approaches with the goal to test our methods with industry partners and evaluate the possibilities to integrate with their existing protocols.