bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lecture Scheduling System Using Welch Powell Graph Coloring Algorithm in Informatics Engineering Departement of Universitas Malikussaleh
Authors: Abdullah Dahlan , Nurdin  , Yaton Marsali , Sujatmiko Heri , Kristanto Sepyan Purnama , Nazmi Hendra , Sridanti Irma Lisa , Suhendi Andang , Hasibuan Abdurrozzaq , Kurniawati Renny , Harahap Darmadi Erwin , Hutabarat Hendry Dinus , Sudarsana I Ketut
Published: November 2019

Scheduling lectures is a routine work in the academic system in higher education every time to facing a new semester. In the implementation, often the schedule that has been issued has not been fixed so it requires to rescheduling. For this reason, a new lecture scheduling system is needed using the Welch Powell Graph Coloring Algorithm. This study was done in the Informatics Engineering Departement of Universitas Malikussaleh using the subjects schedule during 2013, 2014 and 2015. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the Welch Powell Graph Coloring Algorithm can solve properly the problem of scheduling lectures, in this case there are no clashes between scheduled components.
Detection System of Aceh Ethnic Music Types Based On Sound Using the Hubbard Stratonovich Transformation Method
Authors: Nurdin  , Abdullah Dahlan , Putri One Charita , Satria Erwinsyah , Rianita Dian , Liantoni Febri , Yuliwati  , Wijayanti Asri , Sujinah  , Madinah  , Rosiska Evan , Erwinsyah Alfian , Syahputra Hendra , Sudarsana I Ketut
Published: November 2019

Sound is a natural and efficient communication media to get an information. In everyday discoveries, someone is always looking for information with other people. Voice with information and data that someone wants to get through various media. Not only by talking we can get information, one of them is through by music. Not only as entertainment, music also have many benefits. At this time maybe not many people know what Indonesian traditional music is, especially Aceh music. Because in this modern era there are so many people who are starting to leave traditional Indonesian music, there are some people who do not know it, even do not want to know it at all for many reasons. One way it can be used to provide information about computer vision used in this study. This research was built using Borland Delphi 7.0 programming language. The sound recognition process is done by inputting the sound sample results and also the sound inputted will produce energy using the Hubbard Stratonovich Transformation method. The results showed that the system depends on the accuracy of the sound technique used, and also obtained an average of an average of around 60% to 90%. Using this system is expected to help release the types of music from Aceh.
Local Potential of West Kalimantan’s Mangrove Ecosystem as A Study Material in Biology Education at Mangrove Area School
Authors: Mendala  , Suryadarma I G P
Published: November 2019

West Kalimantan has the local potential of mangrove ecosystems to become a source of biology education. Utilizing the local potential as a source of learning provides opportunities for students to understand phenomena directly from nature so that they can foster environmental care attitude. This research aims to create a sudy material in the form of student worksheets or Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) based on the local potential of the mangrove ecosystem in West Kalimantan. The method used in this research was the Four-D (4D) Research and Development model proposed by Thiagarajan. The data were collected through validated questionnaires and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the developed LKPD was feasible to use, seen from the results of the validator’s assessment with an average value on each aspect at 87.60% (very valid category) as well as the practicality value of the students’ responses with an average value on each aspect at 86.14% (very good category). The developed LKPD can also enhance the understanding in biology education about mangrove ecosystems and fostering an environmental care attitude and scientific attitude. Hence, it becomes a solution to anticipate environmental damage in Indonesia, especially through the mangrove forest conservation area in West Kalimantan.
Mangrove diversity and sustainability in karangsong village of indramayu regency, west java
Authors: Majesty Kirstie Imelda , Karuniasa Mahawan , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: November 2019

Mangrove forests in the northern coastal region of Karangsong Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java, form a crucial component of the livelihoods of coastal communities. The objective of this research is to know the diversity of species and mangrove vegetation based on growth level. The research method is explorative survey technique method. The data collection for the research vegetation data from 10 plots divided from observed tracks. This study resulted in the observation 9 species of plants:Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Ziziphus mauritiana, andThespesia populnea. From the analysis, it is knownRhizopora mucronataare the dominant species in the Karangsong Village Mangrove Ecotourism area within three growth phases (seedling, sapling, and mature), which evidenced from the frequency of their presence in 7 (seven) sample plots. Based on the analysis of data obtained, the index of diversity (H’) of vegetation in mangroves and coastal of study area is 1.75, which means that this area has medium vegetation diversity. The calculated Dominancy Index for Karangsong Village Mangrove Ecotourism area is 0.210, which indicates that mangrove species has scattered growth pattern, thus means moderately high in diversity.
Recent recovery of the boreal spring sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau will continue in CMIP6 future projections
Authors: Wang Meirong , Wang Jun , Chen Deliang , Duan Anmin , Liu Yimin , Zhou Shunwu , Guo Dong , Wang Hengmao , Ju Weimin
Published: November 2019

The spring sensible heating (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) serves as a huge ‘air pump’, significantly influencing the Asian summer monsoon, has experienced a decreasing trend. However, it remains unclear whether this decline will continue. Therefore, we here examine the long-term trends of spring SH over the central and eastern TP (CETP) based on a meteorological station-based calculated SH dataset, and CMIP6 multi-model simulations. These two sources confirmed the previous finding that the SH peaks in May. Further, we find that the declining SH was replaced by a fast recovery after approximate 2000 in the station-based SH. This is to some extent verified by the historical simulations of CMIP6 models. Importantly, CMIP6 future projections suggest that this increasing trend will continue, and get stronger with higher radiative forcing from SSP126 to SSP585. Mechanism analysis indicates that the previous decreasing trend in SH was mainly caused by the decline of 10 m wind speed, while the recent and future increasing trend results from the rising ground-air temperature difference. We suggest that this increasing trend of spring SH over the CETP may serve as an alternative driver for the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon in the future.
Renewable-powered desalination as an optimisation pathway for renewable energy systems: the case of Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Heihsel Michael , Ali Syed Muhammad Hassan , Kirchherr Julian , Lenzen Manfred
Published: November 2019

The ecology in the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia is threatened by water scarcity due to climate change and the over-extraction and over-use of natural water resources. Ensuring environmental flows and sustainable water resources management is urgently needed. Seawater desalination offers high potential to deliver water in virtually unlimited quantity. However, this technology is energy-intensive. In order to prevent desalination becoming a driver of greenhouse gases, the operation of seawater desalination with renewables is increasingly being considered. Our study examines the optimisation of the operation of a 100% renewable energy grid by integrating seawater desalination plants and pipelines as a variable load. We use a GIS-based renewable energy load-shifting model and show how both technologies create synergy effects. First, we analyse what quantity of water is missing in the basin in the long run. We determine locations for seawater desalination plants and pipelines to distribute the water into existing storages in the Murray–Darling Basin. Second, we design a pipeline system and calculate the electricity needed to pump the water from the plants to the storages. Third, we use the combined renewable energy load-shifting model. We minimise the total cost of the energy system by shifting energy demand for water production to periods of high renewable energy availability. Our calculations show that in such a system, the unused spilt electricity can be reduced by at least 27 TWh. The electricity system’s installed capacity and levelised cost of electricity can be reduced by up to 29%, and 43% respectively. This approach can provide an annual net economic benefit of $22.5 bn. The results illustrate that the expansion of seawater desalination capacity for load-shifting is economically beneficial.
Global divergent responses of primary productivity to water, energy, and CO2
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Chen Lei , Smith Nicholas G , Yuan Wenping , Chen Xiaohong , Zhou Guoyi , Alam Syed Ashraful , Lin Kairong , Zhao Tongtiegang , Zhou Ping , Chu Chengjin , Ma Hanqing , Liu Jianquan
Published: November 2019

The directionality of the response of gross primary productivity (GPP) to climate has been shown to vary across the globe. This effect has been hypothesized to be the result of the interaction between multiple bioclimatic factors, including environmental energy (i.e. temperature and radiation) and water availability. This is due to the tight coupling between water and carbon cycling in plants and the fact that temperature often drives plant water demand. Using GPP data extracted from 188 sites of FLUXNET2015 and observation-driven terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), we disentangled the confounding effects of temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide on GPP, and examined their long-term effects on productivity across the globe. Based on the FLUXNET2015 data, we observed a decline in the positive effect of temperature on GPP, while the positive effects of precipitation and CO2 were becoming stronger during 2000–2014. Using data derived from TBMs between 1980 and 2010 we found similar effects globally. The modeled data allowed us to investigate these effects more thoroughly over space and time. In arid regions, the modeled response to precipitation increased since 1950, approximately 30 years earlier than in humid regions. We further observed the negative effects of summer temperature on GPP in arid regions, suggesting greater aridity stress on productivity under global warming. Our results imply that aridity stress, triggered by rising temperatures, has reduced the positive influence of temperature on GPP, while increased precipitation and elevated CO2 may alleviate negative aridity impacts.
Increase of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions with decreasing CO2 concentration scenarios
Authors: Tachiiri K , Hajima T , Kawamiya M
Published: November 2019

Near-constancy of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) facilitates the development of future emission pathways compatible with temperature targets. However, most studies have explored TCRE under scenarios of temperature increase. We used an Earth system model (MIROC-ESM) to examine TCRE in scenarios with increasing and stable CO2 concentrations, as well as overshoot pathways in which global mean temperatures peak and decline. Results showed that TCRE is stable under scenarios of increasing or stable CO2 concentration at an atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) double the pre-industrial level. However, in the case of overshoot pathways and a stable pCO2 scenario at a quadrupled pCO2 level, the TCRE increases by 10%–50%, with large increases over a short period just after pCO2 starts to decrease. During the period of pCO2 increase, annual ocean heat uptake (OHU) and ocean carbon storage (CO) (or cumulative ocean carbon uptake from the start of the experiment) exhibit similar changes, resulting in a stable TCRE. During the pCO2 decrease period, after a sudden TCRE increase when pCO2 starts to decrease, the OHU decreases and CO increases (relative to the pCO2 increase period) balance each other out, resulting in a stable TCRE. In overshoot pathways, the temperature distribution when the global mean temperature anomaly cools to 1.5 °C reveals small warming over land and large warming over the oceans relative to the 1% per annum pCO2 increasing scenario, particularly in some high-latitude areas of both hemispheres. The increase in TCRE with overshoot pathways decreases the carbon budget for the temperature anomaly targets in such scenarios. Our analysis showed a 16%–35% decrease in the remaining carbon budget for the 1.5 °C global warming target, in comparison with the reference scenario with a 1% per year pCO2 increase, for pathways peaking at the doubled pCO2 level followed by decline to the pre-industrial level.
Possibility of application of peat from Mitoginskoye deposit of Kamchatka Krai for purification of waste geothermal heat carrier mediums from toxic compounds
Authors: Gorbach V A , Danilov I V
Published: November 2019

On the basis of literature review and patent investigations methods of cleaning natural and technical waters of toxic compounds are surveyed. The possibility of applying peat from Mitoginskoye deposit of Kamchatka krai for cleaning up spent geothermal heat carrier mediums, which are formed on the geothermal deposits in exploitation, of toxic compounds with the purpose of decreasing environmental impact is assessed.
Thermo-hydrodynamic model of the Koshelev geothermal system, Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Pashkevich R I , Mamaev D V
Published: November 2019

The results of numerical thermo-hydrodynamic simulation of Koshelev geothermal system are presented. The question of the possibility of the existence of a shallow geothermal reservoir at the Lower-Koshelev thermal field is briefly investigated. The simulation results refute the assumption of the existence of a near-surface geothermal reservoir. It is more likely that in this part of the geothermal system there is a region of permeable rock that is relatively narrow in cross section and which performs the function of a conduit. The size and shape of the apical part of the steam zone under the Lower-Koshelev thermal field are controlled by the diameter of the conduit. Results of simulations with a conduit diameter of 1200 and 500 m are presented. The latter is more likely, since it best matches the field data.
An uncoupled radial thermoporoelastic model with local thermal non-equilibrium
Authors: Suárez-Arriaga M C
Published: November 2019

A new analytic model is introduced to describe rock deformation produced by fluid injection / extraction in geothermal reservoirs. This model is fully coupled under isothermal conditions and thermally uncoupled if local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) is considered. The model describes both fluid flow with conductive-convective heat transfer and rock deformation in cylindrical coordinates. There are 13 unknowns in the model: fluid pressure, fluid content variation, solid skeleton displacement, radial, tangential and volumetric strains, two stresses, porosity, solid deformation velocity, fluid velocity, rock and fluid temperatures. Considering LTNE, there is an effective heat transfer between the solid skeleton and the liquid. The porosity is estimated as a function of fluid pressure and temperature. The solid radial deformation is an irrotational vector field, thus the fluid content variation, is proportional to pore pressure, which is calculated using the classical Theis solution. Therefore, the solid radial displacement can be obtained in analytical form. Once the fluid velocity is computed, the fluid temperature is deduced from a new analytical solution of the diffusion-convection equation. This model is didactic, useful and simple. It allows to explore different options for both the fluid and the poroelastic parameters, with different boundary conditions. Graphic results illustrate practical cases with fluid extraction/injection into a reservoir using real data.
Total resistance analysis on bow form model ulstein X-bow with various angle of flare and stem angle
Authors: Kiryanto  , Hadi E S , Firdhaus A
Published: November 2019

The current bow form named X-Bow can face waves coming towards the ship by breaking waves more subtly. Based on the Ulstein X-bow design patent, there are provisions such as angle of flare bow and stem angle. Continue the previous research that investigates comparison of total ship resistance between conventional bow and x-bow on ship; this study aims to show the impact from various angle of flare bow and stem angle on total ship resistance by Computational Fluid Dynamic. Results are summarized in tables and graphs, showing that angle variations on the bow with 6° stem and 10° flare has the most optimal ship performance at 14 knots with a total resistance value 383,13 kN compared to the original model of 385,62 kN, which decreased by 0.64%.
The role of ethanol as cosolvent on the separated gasoline methanol blend
Authors: Waluyo B , Wardana I N G , Yuliati L , Sasongko M N , Setiyo M
Published: November 2019

This article aims to reveal the role of ethanol as a cosolvent in maintaining the stability of a gasoline methanol blend. Polar methanol was mixed with polar gasoline with a fraction of 30, 50 and 70% v/v at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ethanol titration in gasoline methanol mixtures was conducted to determine the ethanol content needed to maintain the stability of the methanol-gasoline blend. Mixing stirring was done manually. A blend of gasoline-ethanol-methanol was waited for 120 minutes to ensure the mixture was not separated. The results of the study show that ethanol has a role as a cosolvent where the OH (hydroxyl) as the head (polar) is attached to the polar methanol molecule while the CH (hydrocarbon) group as the tail (non-polar) interacts with the non-polar gasoline molecule.
Toward sustainable electroplating of decorative silver for SMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Widayatno T , Hamid
Published: November 2019

Decorative silver electroplating has been a long time conducted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Environmental pollution associated with the electroplating SMEs activities has created serious problems. For example SMEs of silver electroplating has contaminated groundwater which is no longer fit for domestic consumption due to its high level of cyanide contamination. Inefficient process and the use of high concentration of cyanide based electrolyte have been claimed to be the root cause. Therefore, the process of decorative silver electrodeposition in SMEs would be improved by developing an electrolyte with low cyanide concentration, determining onset potential and current densities, and modifying the process and the electrochemical cell so that the process would be more efficient and sustainable. A new electrolyte composed of AgNO3 and KCN with a ratio of 5:39 were chosen for the experimentation. For this electrolyte, silver would possibly be electrodeposited at potentials ranging from -2.2 V to -2.8 V. Corresponding current densities for silver electrodeposition would be between -2 and 7 mA/cm2. To improve the process, a new design of electrochemical reactor has been developed which ensure improvement of the observed electrochemical parameters i.e. the uniform current density distribution, the larger area of anode, and the stability of electrodes distance and position.
Effect of tofu waste flour composition to hedonic test level and proximate test of Bread
Authors: Sari A M , Syamsudin AB
Published: November 2019

The tofu solid waste (TSW), known as okara in Japan, is a solid waste of the tofu industry, usually disposed or sold at a low price. Its shelf life is short due to the high moisture. In hence the protein, carbohydrate and fiber content of TSW is high; it is potential to be used as food products such as flour. To expand the shelf life of the TSW, it was utilized into flour. In this research, the TSW is processed into flour as raw material of bread. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TSW flour composition as raw material for bread, such as organoleptic tests (aroma, texture, and taste) and proximate test (protein, carbohydrate, fat, and dietary fiber) of bread produced. The experimental design was conducted by the composition of TSW flour variable, i.e. 0% (R1), 5% (R2), 10% (R3), and 15% (R4). The results showed that the greater the TSW flour composition, the lower the sensory value of panelists. The most favored sensory test was R2 sample, 5% tofu waste flour bread with the sensory score of favorite, texture, aroma, taste, and color of 2,71, 2,86, 3,14, 2,79 and 3. From the proximate test, the 5% TSW flour bread contains higher carbohydrate, protein, moisture content than 10% while the nutritional value was 44,39% carbohydrate, 6,45% fat, 9,16% protein, 39,3% moisture, 0,7% ash and 5,94% dietary fibre.
The flexural buckling comparison between open and close cross sections in high column structure
Authors: Rhini W D , Sri F
Published: November 2019

Selection a cross-section of column on building construction needs to keep on a constant review to flexural buckling. The flexural buckling of column affects construction behavior overall. The aim of this study is comparing open and close of a cross-section column profile against flexural buckling. The hollow and pipe are representing close cross-sectional column profiles while I and T profiles are other represent. All profiles used the same material and properties, 400 Mpa of tensile strength and 740 mm2 area of cross-sectional. The high of column was 24 m which, both ends be fixed. Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)- SNI 1729:2015 method was applied to analyze the flexural buckling. The T profile was a control to determine percentage of column slender other profiles. The result showed that the slender was 53.43%, 75.57%, and 86.67% for hollow, pipe, and I respectively to T profile. The study indicates that the high column and inertia of cross-sectional were important role in flexural buckling failure.
Enhancement of genetic algorithm optimization on distribution operation control by fuzzy inclusion
Authors: Ulinuha A , Ariyanto G
Published: November 2019

The optimal control of distribution system operation is presented in this paper. The objective of the control is minimum real power loss simultaneously achieved with voltage profile improvement. The distribution system equipped with Load Tap Changer (LTC) and switchable Shunt Capacitors is optimally controlled by determining the tap position of LTC and switching status of Shunt Capacitor at every hour for the 24-hour period. Two Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are developed for load curve partition and hourly components status determination. The performance of GA for components optimal scheduling is further enhanced by integrating Fuzzy Strategies in fitness evaluation and constraints satisfaction. The scheme of Fuzzy Convex Decision Making (FCDM) that provides flexible objective achievement and soft constraints is employed. This enables considering more extensive solutions that may lead to better optimal control. The proposed control strategy is implemented on 30-bus distribution system and the system improvements are observed. The enhancement of fuzzy integration is highlighted.
Palmprint recognition using the cosine method
Authors: Kusban M , Hari P B , Budiman A
Published: November 2019

Palmprint Recognition Technology now requires breakthrough identification of diverse people. Palmprint recognition is the right choice of the system, namely the acceptance of biometrics that can be done quickly and cheaply because it has a significant enough media dimension that is difficult to manipulate. The four classifications of the biometric algorithm, the use of matching methods is still less attractive to researchers. In general, the part of the research concern is in the preprocessing and dimension reduction sections. Although researchers more widely use the Euclidean matching method, the selection of cosine methods is worth considering. The cosine method for the palmprint recognition matching process will have a significant effect on increasing the verification value when inserting the use of the contra-variance formulae in the equation. The selected amount of contra-variance is the data of the training. From the results of research that have been carried out, the rate of EER and verification are quite promising. The value of research results can compensate for other researchers in the same field.
Design of 270 CC T2 gas capacity converter
Authors: Azarul F , Trisno M D , Dahlan D
Published: November 2019

Fuel motor is a machine that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. In the design of this approach, we look for a gas converter model in accordance with its capacity according to the volume of the cylinder used, where the thing that needs to be considered is the performance of the gas converter itself, namely from the art form/model, fuel efficiency and large pressure settings. gas supply that enters the combustion chamber. The GX270 general motor is a fuel motor engine used as a test tool. The design was carried out at the STT Muhamadyah Cielungsi mechanical engineering energy conversion laboratory. To understand the variables that affect performance, in making this converter, things that need to be considered are variations in rotation and variations in load. From the design of the gas converter, the results of the design calculation are as follows: T torque = 19.12 (Nm), effective power Ne = 5.003066667 (kW), average effective pressure Pe = 889.4340741 (kPa), total usage hourly fuel mf = 0.0675 (kG / hour), specific fuel consumption Be = 0.013491725 (kg / kN.m), fuel ratio with air F / A = 0.13781, ideal air mass flow rate mv = 0,0,001138242 (m3 / s), volumetric efficiency 843,30666 (%) and thermal efficiency 15,78 (%), the greater the engine rotation used, the more fuel level will be consumed, as well with effective engine power.
Photocarrier transport dynamics in lifetime and relaxation regimes of semiconductors containing traps
Authors: Yu Jingyi , Xu Lingyan , Zhang Binbin , Jie Wanqi
Published: November 2019

High resistivity semiconductors used in various optoelectronic devices, such as radiation detectors and photoconductive switches, usually require electrical compensation involving deep level defects, which are also closely related to the photocarrier transport dynamics. In this paper, one-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution of photocarriers is numerically investigated in semiconductors containing traps. After introducing a high concentration of traps, the dynamics can be divided into three categories: relaxation, lifetime and intermediate regimes. Photocarriers will separate in the relaxation regime and transport ambipolarly in the lifetime regime. Captured space charges enhance the internal electric field between photogenerated electrons and holes, thus reduce carriers’ transport velocities in all three regimes. Storage of photocarriers in traps also weakens the majority carrier depletion in the relaxation regime, and could pin the majority carriers to the injection spot in the lifetime regime. In the intermediate regime, both semiconductor type and relative magnitudes of the dielectric relaxation time and carrier lifetimes determine the photocarrier transport behavior. By combining the three-energy-level compensation model and the trap-mediated recombination model, the criterion for different regimes and photocarrier transport dynamics are investigated in deep donor compensated CdTe semiconductors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms modulate follicle development in peripubertal heifers independent of diet through diverse signal transduction pathways
Authors: Abedal-Majed Mohamed A , Kurz Scott G , Springman Shelby A , McNeel Anthony K , Freetly Harvey C , Largen Valerie , Magamage Manjula , Sargent Kevin M , Wood Jennifer R , Cushman Robert A , Cupp Andrea S
Published: November 2019

Follicular progression during peripuberty is affected by diet. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induces follicle progression in many species; however, there are limited studies to determine if diet may alter the effects of angiogenic VEGFA165-stimulated follicle progression or antiangiogenic VEGFA165b follicle arrest. We hypothesized that diet affects the magnitude of angiogenic and antiangiogenic VEGFA isoform actions on follicular development through diverse signal transduction pathways. To test this hypothesis, beef heifers in our first trial received Stair-Step (restricted and refeeding) or control diets from 8 to 13 months of age. Ovaries were collected to determine follicle stages, measure vascular gene expression and conduct ovarian cortical cultures. Ovarian cortical cultures were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (control), 50 ng/ml VEGFA165, VEGFA165b, or VEGFA165 + VEGFA165b. The Stair-Step heifers had more primordial follicles (P < 0.0001), greater messenger RNA abundance of vascular markers VE-cadherin (P < 0.0001) and NRP-1 (P < 0.0051) than controls at 13 months of age prior to culture. After culture, VEGFA isoforms had similar effects, independent of diet, where VEGFA165 stimulated and VEGFA165b inhibited VEGFA165-stimulated follicle progression from early primary to antral follicle stages. In vitro cultures were treated with VEGFA isoforms and signal transduction array plates were evaluated. VEGFA165 stimulated expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, and growth while VEGFA165b inhibited expression of those genes. Thus, VEGFA isoforms can act independently of diet to alter follicle progression or arrest. Furthermore, follicle progression can be stimulated by VEGFA165 and inhibited by VEGFA165b through diverse signal transduction pathways.
Assessing the Marshall–Lerner condition within a stock-flow consistent model
Authors: Carnevali Emilio , Fontana Giuseppe , Veronese Passarella Marco
Published: November 2019

We derive the general equilibrium condition for the terms of trade in a two-country economy model. We show that the Marshall–Lerner condition is only a special case of this condition, in which a full exchange rate pass-through to import prices is assumed. In fact, the Marshall–Lerner condition is not even a ‘useful approximation’ of the general condition. For the full pass-through assumption has destabilising, rather than stabilizing, effects, when it is introduced in a stock-flow consistent dynamic model. More generally, the higher (lower) the pass-through, the slower (quicker) is the adjustment of the economy towards the equilibrium. This is tantamount to saying that the speed of adjustment is a positive function of the strategic behaviour of the exporters, who attempt to retain their market share by keeping their foreign currency-denominated prices unchanged.
Alien domains shaped the modular structure of plant NLR proteins
Authors: Andolfo Giuseppe , Donato Antimo Di , Chiaiese Pasquale , Natale Antonino De , Pollio Antonino , Jones Jonathan D G , Frusciante Luigi , Ercolano Maria Raffaella
Published: November 2019

Plant innate immunity mostly relies on nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) intracellular receptors to detect pathogen-derived molecules and to induce defense responses. A multi-taxa reconstruction of NB-domain associations allowed us to identify the first NB-LRR arrangement in the Chlorophyta division of the Viridiplantae. Our analysis points out that the basic NOD-like receptor (NLR) unit emerged in Chlorophytes by horizontal transfer and its diversification started from TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) members. The operon-based genomic structure of Chromochloris zofingiensis NLR copies suggests a functional origin of NLR clusters. Moreover, the transmembrane signatures of NLR proteins in the unicellular alga C. zofingiensis supports the hypothesis that the NLR-based immunity system of plants derives from a cell-surface surveillance system. Taken together, our findings suggest that NLRs originated in unicellular algae and may have a common origin with cell surface LRR receptors.
Microbial Shifts and Shorter Time to Bowel Resection Surgery Associated with C. difficile in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Hellmann Jennifer , Andersen Heidi , Fei Lin , Linn Aaron , Bezold Ramona , Lake Kathleen , Jackson Kimberly , Meyer Danielle , Dirksing Kelsie , Bonkowski Erin , Ollberding Nicholas J , Haslam David B , Denson Lee
Published: November 2019

Background

Clostridioides difficile infection and colonization are common in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). Our aims were to test the relationship between C. difficile positivity and bowel resection surgery and to characterize microbial shifts associated with C. difficile carriage and surgery.

Methods

A retrospective single-center study of 75 pediatric CD patients tested for association between C. difficile carriage and bowel resection surgery. A prospective single-center study of 70 CD patients utilized C. difficile testing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples to define microbiota variation stratified by C. difficile carriage or history of surgery.

Results

The rate of bowel resection surgery increased from 21% in those without C. difficile to 67% in those with (P = 0.003). From a Kaplan-Meier survival model, the hazard ratio for time to first surgery was 4.4 (95% CI, 1.2–16.2; P = 0.00) in patients with positive C. difficile testing in the first year after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed this association (odds ratio 16.2; 95% CI, 2.2–120; P = 0.006). Larger differences in microbial abundance and metabolic pathways were observed in patients with prior surgery than in those with C. difficile carriage. Depletion of Alistipes and Ruminococcus species and reduction in methionine biosynthesis were noted in patients with both C. difficile carriage and past surgery.

Conclusions

A positive C. difficile test during the first year after diagnosis is associated with decreased time to first bowel resection surgery in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Depletion of beneficial commensals and methionine biosynthesis in patients with C. difficile carriage may contribute to increased risk for surgery.
Complex Manifolds With Negative Curvature Operator
Authors: Lee Man-Chun , Streets Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

We prove that compact complex manifolds admitting metrics with negative Chern curvature operator either admit a $d d^c$-exact positive $(1,1)$ current or are Kähler with ample canonical bundle. In the case of complex surfaces we obtain a complete classification. The proofs rely on a global existence and convergence result for the pluriclosed flow.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural West Virginia
Authors: Allen Sean T , Grieb Suzanne M , White Rebecca Hamilton , O’Rourke Allison , Kilkenny Michael E , Jones Christopher M , Latkin Carl , Sherman Susan G
Published: November 2019

Background

Limited research exists on factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural America. The purpose of this research is to identify factors associated with rural PWID in Appalachia having not been tested for HIV in the past year.

Methods

Cross-sectional data (n = 408) from a 2018 PWID population estimation study in West Virginia were used to examine factors associated with PWID having not been tested for HIV in the past year.

Results

Most participants identified as male (61%), white, non-Hispanic (84%), and reported having recently injected heroin (81%) and/or crystal methamphetamine (71%). Most (64%) reported having been tested for HIV in the past year, 17% reported having been tested but not in the past year, and 19% reported never having been tested. In multivariable analysis, not having been in a drug treatment program in the past year was associated with PWID not having been tested for HIV in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.430; 95% confidence interval, 1.080–1.894).

Conclusions

Drug treatment programs may be important venues for rural PWID to access HIV testing; however, testing services should be offered at multiple venues as most PWID had not engaged in drug treatment in the past year.
Substrate curvature induces fallopian tube epithelial cell invasion via cell–cell tension in a model of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts
Authors: Fleszar Andrew J , Walker Alyssa , Kreeger Pamela K , Notbohm Jacob
Published: November 2019

Throughout the body, epithelial tissues contain curved features (e.g. cysts, ducts and crypts) that influence cell behaviors. These structures have varied curvature, with flat structures having zero curvature and structures such as crypts having large curvature. In the ovary, cortical inclusion cysts (CICs) of varying curvatures are found, and fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells have been found trapped within these cysts. FTE are the precursor for ovarian cancer, and the CIC niche has been proposed to play a role in ovarian cancer progression. We hypothesized that variations in ovarian CIC curvature that occur during cyst resolution impact the ability of trapped FTE cells to invade into the surrounding stroma. Using a lumen model in collagen gels, we determined that increased curvature resulted in more invasions of mouse FTE cells. To isolate curvature as a system parameter, we developed a novel technique to pattern concave curvatures into collagen gels. When FTE cells were seeded to confluency on curved substrates, increases in curvature increased the number of invading FTE cells and the invasion distance. FTE invasion into collagen substrates with higher curvature depended on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but expression of collagen I degrading Mmps was not different on curved and flat regions. A finite-element model predicted that contractility and cell–cell connections were essential for increased invasion on substrates with higher curvature, while cell–substrate interactions had minimal effect. Experiments supported these predictions, with invasion decreased by blebbistatin, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or N-cadherin-blocking antibody, but with no effect from a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. Finally, experimental evidence supports that cell invasion on curved substrates occurs in two phases—a cell–cell-dependent initiation phase where individual cells break away from the monolayer and an MMP-dependent phase as cells migrate further into the collagen matrix.
Incidental Fungi in Host Trees Disrupt the Development of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) Symbiotic Fungus and Larvae
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Li Chunchun , Shi Juan , Li Chengcheng , Li Jiale , Ren Lili , Luo Youqing
Published: November 2019

The woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is an exotic pest of Pinus L. in the southern hemisphere and North America, and it is an emerging threat in northeastern China. Adult woodwasps have numerous insect competitors for oviposition substrates, and developing larvae must compete for resources with other subcortical invaders. Its mutualistic fungus Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.) Boidon, is less competitive than many other fungal colonists present in pine ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of incidental, host-colonizing fungi on the growth and development of woodwasp larvae and A. areolatum. Fungi were isolated from dead S. noctilio larvae within galleries (primarily Trichoderma Pers, Ophiostoma Sydow, and Sphaeropsis Sacc.), and effects of these fungi on woodwasp brood survival were investigated via inoculations of S. noctilio-infested logs. Larval mortality was significantly increased in sample logs inoculated with Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Sydow Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich, Trichoderma atroviride Bissett, Trichoderma viride Pers, and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Inoculation of logs with O. minus resulted in the highest mortality and greatest reductions in wood moisture content. When grown on artificial media, these fungi grew faster than and inhibited growth of A. areolatum mycelium. We propose that the adverse effects of incidental fungi on the survival of S. noctilio larvae may be caused at least in part by an indirect mechanism involving inhibition of the fungal symbiont. The findings provide potentially valuable information for suppressing S. noctilio populations using microbial control agents.
Residual Effects of Insecticides on Deraeocoris brevis (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Amarasekare Kaushalya G , Shearer Peter W
Published: November 2019

Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) is a key predatory natural enemy of insects and mites in pear orchards in the United States. Insecticides used for crop protection in pear orchards and their residues can negatively affect populations of D. brevis. The focus of this study was to investigate the field-aged residual effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, spinetoram, and chlorantraniliprole insecticides on D. brevis through contact exposure. An airblast sprayer was used to apply the high label rate of insecticides on pear trees. Leaves were collected from the experimental trees at 1 d after treatment (DAT) and then at 7-d intervals up to 21 DAT. Adults and nymphs were exposed to leaves with insecticide residues or untreated control for 72 h in the laboratory. The nymphs that survived the treatments were reared until they emerged as adults. The surviving paired adults were reared until death. The treated nymphs were assessed for acute mortality, survival, developmental time, and the sex ratio if they emerged as adults. The treated adults were assessed for acute and chronic mortality, fecundity, fertility, and longevity. Both nymphs and adults exposed to leaf residues of lambda-cyhalothrin had significantly higher acute mortality compared with the insects exposed to the control. When compared with the control treatment, the toxicity of field-aged residues of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram can persist over a longer period of time. Similar patterns were observed in previous laboratory and field experiments on D. brevis. We discuss the residual effects of three insecticides through contact exposure of D. brevis.
The Iκεα model of feedback-regulated galaxy formation
Authors: Sharma Mahavir , Theuns Tom
Published: November 2019

We present the Iκεα model of galaxy formation, in which a galaxy’s star formation rate is set by the balance between energy injected by feedback from massive stars and energy lost by the deepening of the potential of its host dark matter halo due to cosmological accretion. Such a balance is secularly stable provided that the star formation rate increases with the pressure in the star forming gas. The Iκεα model has four parameters that together control the feedback from star formation and the cosmological accretion rate onto a halo. Iκεα reproduces accurately the star formation rate as a function of halo mass and redshift in the eagle hydrodynamical simulation, even when all four parameters are held constant. It predicts the emergence of a star forming main sequence along which the specific star formation rate depends weakly on stellar mass with an amplitude that increases rapidly with redshift. We briefly discuss the emerging mass-metallicity relation, the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function, and an extension of the model that includes feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN). These self-regulation results are independent of the star formation law and the galaxy’s gas content. Instead, star forming galaxies are shaped by the balance between stellar feedback and cosmological accretion, with accurately accounting for energy losses associated with feedback a crucial ingredient.
Impact of AGN feedback on galaxies and their multiphase ISM across cosmic time
Authors: Valentini Milena , Murante Giuseppe , Borgani Stefano , Granato Gian Luigi , Monaco Pierluigi , Brighenti Fabrizio , Tornatore Luca , Bressan Alessandro , Lapi Andrea
Published: November 2019

We present simulations of galaxy formation, based on the GADGET-3 code, in which a sub-resolution model for star formation and stellar feedback is interfaced with a new model for AGN feedback. Our sub-resolution model describes a multiphase ISM, accounting for hot and cold gas within the same resolution element: we exploit this feature to investigate the impact of coupling AGN feedback energy to the different phases of the ISM over cosmic time. Our fiducial model considers that AGN feedback energy coupling is driven by the covering factors of the hot and cold phases. We perform a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of disc galaxies (Mhalo, DM ≃ 2 · 1012 M⊙, at z = 0), to investigate: (i) the effect of different ways of coupling AGN feedback energy to the multiphase ISM; (ii) the impact of different prescriptions for gas accretion (i.e. only cold gas, both cold and hot gas, with the additional possibility of limiting gas accretion from cold gas with high angular momentum); (iii) how different models of gas accretion and coupling of AGN feedback energy affect the coevolution of supermassive BHs and their host galaxy. We find that at least a share of the AGN feedback energy has to couple with the diffuse gas, in order to avoid an excessive growth of the BH mass. When the BH only accretes cold gas, it experiences a growth that is faster than in the case in which both cold and hot gas are accreted. If the accretion of cold gas with high angular momentum is reduced, the BH mass growth is delayed, the BH mass at z = 0 is reduced by up to an order of magnitude, and the BH is prevented from accreting below z ≲ 2, when the galaxy disc forms.
Misalignment of Magnetic Fields, Outflows and Discs in Star-forming Clouds
Authors: Machida Masahiro N , Hirano Shingo , Kitta Hideyuki
Published: November 2019

Using resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulations, the propagation of protostellar jets, the formation of circumstellar discs and the configuration of magnetic fields are investigated from the prestellar cloud phase until ∼500 yr after protostar formation. As the initial state, we prepare magnetized rotating clouds, in which the rotation axis is misaligned with the global magnetic field by an angle θ0. We calculate the cloud evolution for nine models with different θ0( = 0, 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 80, 85, 90○). Our simulations show that there is no significant difference in the physical quantities of the protostellar jet, such as the mass and momentum, among the models except for the model with θ0 = 90○. On the other hand, the directions of the jet, disc normal and magnetic field are never aligned with each other during the early phase of star formation except for the model with θ0 = 0○. Even when the rotation axis of the prestellar cloud is slightly inclined to the global magnetic field, the directions of the jet, disc normal and local magnetic field differ considerably, and they randomly change over time. Our results indicate that it is very difficult to extract any information from the observations of the directions of the outflow, disc and magnetic field at the scale of $\lesssim$1000  au. Thus, we cannot use such observations to derive any restrictions on the star formation process.