bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto da voz na comunicação social e emoção de professoras antes e após fonoterapia
Authors: Santos Stephanie Mayra de Moraes , Medeiros Jéssica da Silva Andrade , Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes , Teixeira Letícia Caldas , Medeiros Adriane Mesquita de
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar o impacto da voz na qualidade de vida de professoras no momento inicial e após alta fonoterápica e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos: estudo observacional prospectivo, por meio de informações coletadas em dois momentos: dados secundários dos prontuários e questionários online, após alta fonoaudiológica. Participaram da pesquisa 54 professoras, encaminhadas pelo serviço ocupacional municipal com o diagnóstico de disfonia, para o Ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia de um Hospital de ensino. A fonoterapia ocorreu entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2013. As informações de interesse foram: respostas ao Protocolo do Perfil de Participação e Atividades Vocais, número de sintomas vocais, questões relativas às condições de trabalho e hábitos de vida. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial por meio de um programa estatístico. Resultados: houve redução no relato de sintomas ao comparar os momentos pré e pós-fonoterapia. Quanto às medianas dos parâmetros do protocolo supracitado nos dois momentos, observou-se que os grupos se diferenciaram em comunicação social e em emoção. Para estes parâmetros houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação à ausência de ruído gerado em sala de aula. As demais variáveis independentes não se diferenciaram entre os grupos. Conclusão: a intervenção fonoaudiológica traz impacto positivo sobre a voz de professoras em relação aos fatores comportamentais e ocupacionais. A melhora é evidenciada pela redução do número de sintomas vocais relatados após alta fonoaudiológica. Após fonoterapia, há menor limitação da disfonia nas atividades vocais relacionadas à comunicação social e emoção, principalmente diante da ausência de ruído em sala de aula.
Alterações de linguagem e processamento auditivo: revisão de literatura
Authors: Souza Marina Alves de , Passaglio Nathália de Jesus Silva , Lemos Stela Maris Aguiar
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Há interdependência entre os processos auditivos e de linguagem, e o bom desempenho de um deles contribui para o adequado funcionamento do outro. O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura baseada em estudos nacionais e internacionais de forma sistemática. Tal revisão buscou verificar a relação entre alterações do processamento auditivo e alterações de linguagem. A pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou como bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science, no período de maio a junho de 2014. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: artigos que respondiam à pergunta norteadora e atendiam à temática estabelecida pelos descritores. Excluíram-se os estudos com animais, laboratoriais, artigos de opinião/autoridade, série de caso e relato de caso. A escolha dos artigos se deu por meio de um protocolo criado para a elaboração do presente estudo. Para isto, utilizaram-se os seguintes aspectos: autor, ano, local, delineamento, amostra, faixa etária, testes utilizados e resultados. A busca realizada por meio de descritores e termos livres revelou 259 artigos nas bases de dados pré-estabelecidas. Na Pubmed a pesquisa resultou em 187 estudos e 67 na Web of Science. Do total, 161 foram excluídos pelo título e resumo e 36 pela leitura do texto completo. Isso possibilitou a análise de 11 artigos. Foi observado que crianças com prejuízos no desenvolvimento linguístico apresentaram desempenho inferior nos testes auditivos, quando comparadas àquelas com desenvolvimento típico.
Revisão integrativa: atuação fonoaudiológica com recém-nascidos portadores de cardiopatia em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Barbosa Marcela Dinalli Gomes , Germini Michele Fernanda Canfild Antunes , Fernandes Raquel Gama , Almeida Tatiana Magalhães de , Magnoni Daniel
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, a atuação fonoaudiológica em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTINs) em casos de cardiopatia congênita. Como fonte de dados foram utilizadas as seguintes plataformas: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE), Scielo e o serviço de pesquisa da National Library of Medicine nas bases de dados Pubmed, sistema de procura do Google Acadêmico (HTTP//scholar.google.com.br). Foram pesquisados trinta e dois trabalhos, sendo a atuação fonoaudiológica em UTINs descrita em vinte e oito deles, os quais apresentam como procedimentos avaliação e estimulação do sistema sensório-motor-oral, com uso de técnicas de sucção não-nutritiva e nutritiva, além de triagem auditiva. Porém, as características dos neonatos com cardiopatia congênita e a inserção do fonoaudiólogo em UTIN cardíaca não são citadas, pouco se caracterizando os objetivos e a prática desse profissional. Apenas uma publicação obedeceu aos critérios de inclusão do presente estudo. Trata-se de um trabalho que descreve a transição da alimentação enteral direta para o seio materno em recém-nascidos pré-termo cardiopatas, com idade corrigida, em um centro de terapia intensiva neonatal. Foi possível constatar então a escassez de trabalhos publicados sobre intervenção fonoaudiológica com RN cardiopatas, o que indica a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o tema, já que a atenção a esses pacientes deve ser diferenciada, visto que apresentam particularidades que podem comprometer o desempenho na alimentação.
What can the philosophy of science contribute to the ethics of science and technology?
Authors: Cruz Márcio Rojas da , Cornelli Gabriele
Published: May 2016

Abstract Born to enable its creators to fulfill their needs, scientific technique has always played a significant role in human civilization. This is the context in which we glimpse the advent of modern technoscience, which has significantly contributed to the increment of human control over nature. This study aims to analyze, under the focus of bioethics, reflections on the philosophy of science as they relate to the neutrality of science and converge with epistemic rationality, as well as to relate those reflections to the process of making decisions in the administration of technoscience. The study has raised doubts about the capacity of technoscientific knowledge to legitimize and justify the decisions within the ambit of the national science and technology systems, thus signaling the need for promoting a link between technoscientific self-regulation and bioethic hetero-regulation.
Ética em pesquisa com crianças e adolescentes: à procura de normas e diretrizes virtuosas
Authors: Kipper Délio José
Published: May 2016

Resumo Crianças e adolescentes foram vítimas da ciência em pesquisas clínicas por grande período da história da humanidade. Quando a sociedade, diante dos horrores das pesquisas realizadas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, adotou o Código de Nüremberg, crianças e adolescentes foram excluídas das pesquisas por não terem competência para dar seu consentimento autônomo, exigência pétrea desse código, o que resultou em orfandade terapêutica para muitos agravos em sua saúde. Os que cuidam de crianças e adolescentes foram postos diante de um dilema: por um lado, defendiam a proteção especial para esse grupo; por outro, trabalhavam para não excluí-los dos potenciais benefícios oferecidos pelos avanços em ciência e tecnologia. Iniciou-se, então, um exercício para balancear os princípios em conflito, com a elaboração de normas e diretrizes de proteção especial. Discorrer sobre elas é o objetivo deste artigo.
Aspectos éticos da inovação em saúde em Portugal
Authors: Nogueira Fábio Miguel
Published: May 2016

Resumo A gestão eficaz de recursos é preocupação atual das instituições de saúde em Portugal, havendo necessidade de racionalizar e estabelecer prioridades de acordo com princípios éticos que garantam a equidade. O acesso à inovação tem-se revelado fundamental na promoção dos cuidados de saúde e na consequente melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, ainda que com custos associados. Tendo em conta o rápido desenvolvimento da ciência e a crescente disponibilização de inovação, na forma de tecnologia ou terapêuticas, tem-se mostrado imperativa uma discussão clara, consciente e fundamentada sobre a adoção e o estabelecimento de prioridades no que respeita à inovação em saúde. Centrado na definição de inovação em saúde, no levantamento das prioridades, na percepção dessas prioridades e nas suas dimensões políticas, o presente artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica à luz de aspectos éticos que evidenciem as principais indagações relacionadas com a introdução da inovação em saúde em Portugal.
Julgamento ético do médico em Sergipe, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Tomhara Alves , Pimentel Déborah
Published: May 2016

Resumo Pesquisa documental (2004-2013) nos dados do Conselho Regional de Medicina do estado de Sergipe, com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil do médico infrator, identificar os principais denunciantes e suas motivações, conhecer os resultados, punições, duração dos processos e avaliar a relação do auxílio advocatício com o sucesso da causa. No período, foram instaurados 318 processos disciplinares envolvendo 337 médicos. As infrações estão relacionadas principalmente a documentos, morte e relação médico-paciente. Os pacientes são os principais denunciantes, e 29 sindicâncias evoluíram para processo ético-profissional. A punição mais comum foi a censura confidencial em aviso reservado. O auxilio advocatício estava associado ao sucesso. Compõem o perfil do médico infrator as seguintes características: sexo masculino, cerca de 50 anos, mais de 10 anos de graduado, ginecologista e obstetra. Com esse panorama, temos um perfil do médico infrator e criam-se possibilidades de adotar medidas preventivas diretas.
Caracterização de protocolos de pesquisa: um estudo na Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Silva Genésio José da , Santos Maria Luiza da Costa
Published: May 2016

Resumo O artigo apresenta a caracterização da totalidade dos protocolos de pesquisa apreciados pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto Federal da Paraíba (CEP/IFPB), desde sua fundação, em 2008, até 2014. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e documental, na modalidade estudo de caso. Dos 228 protocolos apreciados, 82,02% foram aprovados. As áreas de conhecimento predominantes foram ciências humanas (21,05%) e ciências sociais aplicadas (21,05%), e o campus de João Pessoa, do IFPB, foi o que teve o maior número de protocolos apreciados (35,52%). Os pesquisadores responsáveis pelos protocolos de pesquisa eram, majoritariamente, professores (86,84%), e 52,63% possuíam titulação de mestre, com incidência predominante de um protocolo por pesquisador. Concluiu-se que, ao apreciar a eticidade dos protocolos submetidos, o CEP/IFPB fomenta a reflexão ética nas pesquisas científicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estudos norteados por padrões éticos e para maior proteção ao participante da pesquisa.
La Mise en Jeu des Objets Techniques sur les Scènes Théâtrales Contemporaines
Authors: Valero Julie
Published: May 2016

Résumé: Cet article porte sur l'usage par le comédien de l'objet technique en posant la question suivante: la prise en mains de celui-ci en scène est-elle initiatrice de nouvelles pratiques de jeu? L'objet technique est d'abord défini d'un point de vue général. Son statut est ensuite caractérisé par rapport au contexte théâtral: comment se différencie-t-il de n'importe quel autre objet scénique? Instrument de jeu pour l'acteur, il développe des habiletés de jeu particulières: le travail scénique du Wooster Group est donné en exemple. L'objet technique apparaît dès lors comme un prolongement instrumental pour le corps jouant de l'acteur: des expériences artistiques se situant dans cette perspective sont ensuite étudiées.
Comparing Stage Presence and Virtual Reality Presence
Authors: Samur Sebastian Xavier
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Reflecting on the impending release of new Head Mounted Display virtual reality (VR) technologies, the article examines definitions and techniques for digital presence, and compares them with research into stage presence. It opens with an outline of definitions of digital presence, comparing them with Cormac Power's fictional, auratic, and literal modes of presence in performance. The article then looks at techniques used in VR and on stage to achieve presence. Finally, performance examples that use virtual reality technologies are presented. The article concludes that even if the technology falls short, discourse on digital presence is useful in providing insights into presence on stage.
Specification faced with durability to meet superior level of performance in structural elements buried
Authors: Bolina F. , Tutikian B.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The performance standard NBR 15575-1: 2013 [1] states that to achieve the higher level of performance for durability, buried concrete structures must achieve a minimum service life (VUP) of 75 years. However, the NBR 6118:2014 [2] does not specify the minimum project properties for the structure fulfill this VUP. The objective of this study is to provide recommendations for structural designers to meet higher performance requirements of NBR 15575:2013 [1] in durability. It was conducted a research of national and international standards and reference publications about the durability and VUP 75 years for structural elements buried. The paper was divided into three parts: (1°) the analysis of the Brazilian and international legal system, as well as reference publications in the area; (2°) discussion of service life prediction models; and (3°) specifications to meet the superior level of durability of structural elements buried.
IκB Kinase Inhibitor Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in CKD
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Kieswich Julius E. , Chiazza Fausto , Moyes Amie J. , Gobbetti Thomas , Purvis Gareth S.D. , Salvatori Daniela C.F. , Patel Nimesh S.A. , Perretti Mauro , Hobbs Adrian J. , Collino Massimo , Yaqoob Muhammad M. , Thiemermann Christoph
Published: May 2016

Patients with CKD requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold higher mortality rate than the general population with sepsis. The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of preexisting CKD on cardiac function in mice with sepsis and whether inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) reduces the cardiac dysfunction in CKD sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and 8 weeks later, they were subjected to LPS (2 mg/kg) or sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared with sham operation, nephrectomy resulted in significant increases in urea and creatinine levels, a small (P<0.05) reduction in ejection fraction (echocardiography), and increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IκBα, Akt, and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2; nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. When subjected to LPS or CLP, compared with sham-operated controls, CKD mice exhibited exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction and lung inflammation, greater increases in levels of plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and greater increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IKKα/β and IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, and iNOS expression. Treatment of CKD mice with an IKK inhibitor (IKK 16; 1 mg/kg) 1 hour after CLP or LPS administration attenuated these effects. Thus, preexisting CKD aggravates the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis or endotoxemia in mice; this effect may be caused by increased cardiac NF-κB activation and iNOS expression.
Neither Hematocrit Normalization nor Exercise Training Restores Oxygen Consumption to Normal Levels in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Stray-Gundersen James , Howden Erin J. , Parsons Dora Beth , Thompson Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2016

Patients treated with hemodialysis develop severely reduced functional capacity, which can be partially ameliorated by correcting anemia and through exercise training. In this study, we determined perturbations of an erythroid-stimulating agent and exercise training to examine if and where limitation to oxygen transport exists in patients on hemodialysis. Twenty-seven patients on hemodialysis completed a crossover study consisting of two exercise training phases at two hematocrit (Hct) values: 30% (anemic) and 42% (physiologic; normalized by treatment with erythroid-stimulating agent). To determine primary outcome measures of peak power and oxygen consumption (VO2) and secondary measures related to components of oxygen transport and utilization, all patients underwent numerous tests at five time points: baseline, untrained at Hct of 30%, after training at Hct of 30%, untrained at Hct of 42%, and after training at Hct of 42%. Hct normalization, exercise training, or the combination thereof significantly improved peak power and VO2 relative to values in the untrained anemic phase. Hct normalization increased peak arterial oxygen and arteriovenous oxygen difference, whereas exercise training improved cardiac output, citrate synthase activity, and peak tissue diffusing capacity. However, although the increase in arterial oxygen observed in the combination phase reached a value similar to that in healthy sedentary controls, the increase in peak arteriovenous oxygen difference did not. Muscle biopsy specimens showed markedly thickened endothelium and electron–dense interstitial deposits. In conclusion, exercise and Hct normalization had positive effects but failed to normalize exercise capacity in patients on hemodialysis. This effect may be caused by abnormalities identified within skeletal muscle.
Phospholipase A2 Receptor–Related Membranous Nephropathy and Mannan-Binding Lectin Deficiency
Authors: Bally Stéphane , Debiec Hanna , Ponard Denise , Dijoud Frédérique , Rendu John , Fauré Julien , Ronco Pierre , Dumestre-Perard Chantal
Published: May 2016

Most patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) have IgG4 autoantibodies against phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). C3 and C5b-9 are found in immune deposits of IMN kidney biopsy specimens, but the pathway of complement activation in IMN remains elusive. We report the case of a patient who developed IMN with intense staining for PLA2R, IgG4, C3, C5b-9, factor B, and properdin and very weak staining for C1q, C4d, and IgG1. Measurement of mannan binding lectin (MBL) antigenic level and activity revealed MBL deficiency. Genotyping revealed a heterozygous (A/C) polymorphism in codon 57 of MBL2 exon 1 associated with homozygous and heterozygous variations in the promoter region at −550 (L/L) and −221 (X/Y), respectively, suggesting that the patient harbored the LXA/LYC haplotypes linked to MBL deficiency. Genetic sequencing in 77 consecutive patients with IMN identified four patients with MBL2 promoter and coding region variations associated with MBL deficiency and the same complement pattern in immune deposits as the index patient. In contrast, patients with wild-type MBL2 had immune deposits with intense Cd4 staining. Thus, IMN can develop in patients with complete MBL deficiency, with complement activated mainly by the alternative pathway, whereas the lectin pathway is also activated in those with wild-type MBL2.
Microsieving in primary treatment: effect of chemical dosing
Authors: Väänänen J. , Cimbritz M. , la Cour Jansen J.
Published: May 2016

Primary and chemically enhanced primary wastewater treatment with microsieving (disc or drum filtration) was studied at the large pilot scale at seven municipal wastewater treatment plants in Europe. Without chemical dosing, the reduction of suspended solids (SS) was (on average) 50% (20–65%). By introducing chemically enhanced primary treatment and dosing with cationic polymer only, SS removal could be controlled and increased to >80%. A maximum SS removal of >90% was achieved with a chemical dosing of >0.007 mg polymer/mg influent SS and 20 mg Al3+/L or 30 mg Fe3+/L. When comparing sieve pore sizes of 30–40 μm with 100 μm, the effluent SS was comparable, indicating that the larger sieve pore size could be used due to the higher loading capacity for the solids. Phosphorus removal was adjusted with the coagulant dose, and a removal of 95–97% was achieved. Moreover, microsieving offers favourable conditions for automated dosing control due to the low retention time in the filter.
Full- Versus Part-Day Kindergarten for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Gottfried Michael A. , Le Vi-Nhuan
Published: May 2016

Despite the vast body of research examining the relationship between full-day kindergarten attendance and children’s outcomes, little is known about the effects of full-day kindergarten on children with disabilities (i.e., students with 1 of the 13 categories of disabilities recognized under federal law). This study fills this research void by examining whether full-day kindergarten participation predicts differences in achievement and social-emotional outcomes for children with disabilities. Using a national data set of kindergarten students from the 2010–2011 school year (ECLS-K:2011) and employing propensity matching, this study finds that relative to part-day kindergarten (PDK), full-day kindergarten (FDK) attendance is associated with higher achievement scores but also with higher frequencies of internalizing behaviors and lower incidences of self-control at the end of the kindergarten school year. The relationships between FDK attendance and outcomes varied by type of disability classification, such that significant achievement effects emerged only for children with learning and communication disorders. In addition, less time spent on child-initiated activities was associated with higher mathematics scores for children in FDK programs but not for children in PDK programs. Policy implications of the results are discussed.
Endoscopic management of congenital choanal atresia: Second look is mandatory
Authors: Al Shehri Ali Maeed S
Published: May 2016

Congenital choanal atresia (CA) is a rare abnormality characterized by unilateral or bilateral obstruction of the posterior end of the nasal cavity. With an incidence of 1:1000 to 1:8000 births, it is more in female than in males and unilateral more common than bilateral. Surgical procedures aim to provide adequate functional choanal patency and a low rate of rest enosis, with shorter surgery and hospitalization times, to minimize morbidity and mortality, this study done to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic nasal surgical techniques for the treatment of congenital choanal atresia in patients with unilateral and bilateral atresia and to emphasis in the important of second look procedure at the time of removal of stent to assess the wideness of neochoana, and to remove any granulation tissue ,or polyps, it involved 13 patients, 10 with unilateral CA and 3 bilateral CA, all involved in surgery and second look.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2015; 21(2): 76-79
Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Infertility
Authors: Jahan Samsad
Published: May 2016

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 1-3
Autopsy Analysis of Suicidal Hanging Cases at Dhaka Medical College
Authors: Rahman Farial Naima , Ahmad Mushtaq , Hossain Md Nur , Akhter Sanjida , Biswas Prodip
Published: May 2016

Background: Hanging is one of the common methods of suicide in the world. The rate of suicide by hanging is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Suicide by hanging is the act of intentionally killing oneself by suspension from an anchor point or ligature point (e.g., an over head beam or hook) by a ligature or jumping from a height with a noose around the neck. Hanging is a very simple method of suicide that does not require complicated techniques. The materials required are easily available, and a wide range of ligature can be used, so most of the people commit suicide by suspension from a height with a ligature around the neck.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out demography of hanging, its distribution according to age group, sex, common ligature materials used by victims, observed post mortem findings and in this way try to identify the causative factors and develop the preventive measures that are essential to reduce death due to hanging.Materials and method: A retrospective study was done on the basis of 3rd copies of postmortem reports preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh for the period of 2 years, (from January 2008 to December 2009) with the permission of the autopsy surgeons.Results: Out of 574 cases, 159 (27.71%) were male and 415 (72.29%) female. Among them 304 (52.96%) were married and 270 (47.04%) were unmarried. Most of the victims (46.86%) were from the age group 21-30 years. Dopatta (orna) was the commonest (41.28%) ligature material.Conclusion: To reduce the number of suicide by hanging a well designed and comprehensive programme is needed, which will identify the causative factors and which might help in prevention of suicidal hanging.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 9-12
Pattern of Complementary Feeding among Mothers Having Child Aged 6 to 12 Months
Authors: Haque Md Monoarul , Nahar Nurun , Prodhania Md Shafiullah , Lima Farzana Rahman , Bhuiyan Md Rijwan , Hossain SM Azmol
Published: May 2016

Background: Infant feeding practices play a crucial role in determining a childs rate of growth and development. Improper feeding practices have not only continued to jeopardize the nutritional status of Bangladeshi Children but also the well being of millions of children all over the world.Objective: The aim of the study was to assess pattern of complementary feeding among mothers having child aged 6 to 12 months.Materials and method: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 125 mothers having child aged 6 to 12 months. Purposive sampling method was used and pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data by face to face interview. Prior data collection verbal consent was taken from respondents.Results: Mean age of the infants was 9.95±2.046 months. Maximum 24% of the mothers were educated up to class VI-IX. About 47.2% mother introduced complementary feeding at 6th month to their infants. Among the age group of 6 to 8 months 13.9%, 44.4%, 30.6% and 11.1% children received meal for 1-2 times/day, 3-4 times/day, 5-6 times/day and more than 6 times/day respectively. In 6-8 months age group 52.8%, 19.4%, 16.7%, 8.3% and 2.8% were given semi solid and liquid, semi solid and solid, liquid, semi solid, and solid respectively. Besides 64% respondents gave Rice/Rice Powder/Suzy as complementary feeding, 60% received khichuri, and 4.85% gave non-infant formulae.Conclusion: Overall pattern of complementary feeding was not satisfactory. Further large scale study is needed to get actual picture.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 13-17
Low Dose Bupivacaine plus Fentanyl in Subarachnoid Block for Caesarean Section
Authors: Ahmed Nasir Uddin , Khan Masuda Islam , Khan Aynul Islam , Akhtaruzzaman AKM
Published: May 2016

Background: Spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension, a common problem during caesarean section, is associated with maternal nausea and vomiting and the risk of neonatal acidosis. Low dose local anaesthetic combined with opioids spinal anaesthesia better preserves maternal haemodynamic stability, resulting in equally efficacious anaesthesia.Objectives: To investigate whether this synergistic action could be used to provide effective anaesthesia while preventing hypotension during caesarean operation.Materials and method: This prospective study included 60 pregnant mothers scheduled for caesarean operation who were then divided into two groups (thirty in each). Group-A received a spinal injection of 12.5 mg of standardized 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and group-B received 8 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 20 ?gm fentanyl. Hypotension was defined as the systolic blood pressure drops below 90 mm of Hg or a decrease of systolic blood pressure 25% from pre anaesthesia level and hypotension was treated with a bolus of 5 to 10 mg of intravenous ephedrine. The quality of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were evaluated.Results: The mean time required to reach peak sensory level was earlier in group-B than group-A and was statistically significant (p<0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure in group-A was significantly more than group-B (p<0.05) and vasopressor requirement was also significantly more in group-A compared to group-B (p<0.05). Mean time of two segment regression of sensory analgesia and complete sensory recovery was significantly early in group-B (p<0.05). Duration of motor recovery in group-B was significantly earlier (p<0.05). The duration of effective analgesia was significantly more in group-B (p<0.05).Conclusion: Low dose Bupivacaine with fentanyl provided excellent intraoperative sensory and motor blockade, haemodynamic stability, and effective postoperative analgesia for caesarean delivery.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 24-30
Radiosensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibition of TGF-β1 Signaling With SB431542 Is Dependent on p53 Status
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Wang Longxiao , Huang Qianyi , Jiang Youqin , Wang Jingdong , Zhang Liyuan , Tian Ye , Yang Hongying
Published: May 2016

Although medically inoperable patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) are often treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy, its efficacy can be compromised due to poor radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)
using LY364947 and LY2109761 has been demonstrated to radiosensitize cancer cells such as breast cancer, glioblastoma, and lung cancer. Our previous results have demonstrated that another potent and selective inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor kinases, SB431542, could radiosensitize H460 cells
both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated whether SB431542 could radiosensitize other NSCLC cell lines, trying to explore the potential implication of this TGF-β1 inhibitor in radiotherapy for NSCLC patients. The results showed that A549 cells were significantly
radiosensitized by SB431542, whereas no radiosensitizing effect was observed in H1299 cells. Interestingly, both H460 and A549 cells have wild-type p53, while H1299 cells have deficient p53. To study whether the radiosensitizing effect of SB431542 was associated with p53 status of cancer cells,
the p53 of H460 cells was silenced using shRNA transfection. Then it was found that the radiosensitizing effect of SB431542 on H460 cells was not observed in H460 cells with silenced p53. Moreover, X-irradiation caused rapid Smad2 activation in H460 and A549 cells but not in H1299 and H460
cells with silenced p53. The Smad2 activation postirradiation could be abolished by SB431542. This may explain the lack of radiosensitizing effect of SB431542 in H1299 and H460 cells with silenced p53. Thus, we concluded that the radiosensitizing effect of inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling
in NSCLC cells by SB431542 was p53 dependent, suggesting that using TGF-β1 inhibitor in radiotherapy may be more complicated than previously thought and may need further investigation.
miR-1908 Overexpression Inhibits Proliferation, Changing Akt Activity and p53 Expression in Hypoxic NSCLC Cells
Authors: Ma Yuefeng , Feng Jie , Xing Xin , Zhou Bin , Li Shaomin , Zhang Wei , Jiang Jiantao , Zhang Jin , Qiao Zhe , Sun Liangzhang , Ma Zhenchuan , Kong Ranran
Published: May 2016

The ribosomal protein (RP)‐p53 pathway has been shown to play a key role in apoptosis and senescence of cancer cells. miR-1908 is a newly found miRNA that was reported to have prognostic potential in melanoma. However, its role and mechanism in the progression of non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unknown. In this study, we found that expression of miR-1908 was significantly downregulated in human NSCLC cell lines, including SK-MES-1, A549, and NCI-H460. Then the role of miR-1908 in NSCLC cell proliferation was explored. The miR-1908 mimic was transfected
into NSCLC cell lines, and their proliferation was detected. MTT and Cell Titer-Blue H analyses showed that the cell proliferation was notably reduced by the miR-1908 mimic transfection. Moreover, we found the RP‐p53 pathway was activated by miR-1908 mimic. Moreover, the miR-1908 inhibitor
transfection had a completely opposite effect on the NSCLC cell proliferation than that of miR-1908 mimic. To explore the underlying mechanism of that, TargetScan bioinformatics server and 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay were applied to identify the targets of miR-1908. Our results
showed that AKT1 substrate 1 (AKT1S1), a newly proven suppressor of the RP‐p53 pathway, was a target of miR-1908, suggesting a probable mechanism for miR-191 suppressing NSCLC cell proliferation. Our findings provide a novel molecular target for the regulation of NSCLC cell proliferation.
PDGFRAandKITMutation Status and Its Association With Clinicopathological Properties, Including DOG1
Authors: Baskin Yasemin , Kocal Gizem Calibasi , Kucukzeybek Betul Bolat , Akbarpour Mahdi , Kayacik Nurcin , Sagol Ozgul , Ellidokuz Hulya , Oztop Ilhan
Published: May 2016

Most of the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have gain-of-function mutations in theKITgene, which can be used as a prognostic marker for the biological behavior of tumors, predictive marker for the response of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and diagnostic marker. Researchers have focused onPDGFRAmutations because of both their prognostic and predictive potential and DOG1 positivity for diagnosis on GISTs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect DOG1,PDGFRA, andKITmutations on the prediction of the outcome for GIST management. Polymerase chain reaction was performed forKITgene exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 andPDGFRAgene exons 12 and 18 with the genomic DNA of 46 GIST patients, and amplicons were sequenced in both directions. Immunocytochemical stainings were done by using primary antibodies. Molecular analysis revealed that theKITmutation was observed in 63% of all cases, while thePDGFRAmutation was observed in 23.9% of cases. Significant relationships were found between age andKITmutation, tumor location andKITmutations, and tumor location andPDGFRAmutations (p ≤ 0.05). DOG1 positivity was detected in 65.2% of all GISTs and DOG1-positive cells had a higherKITmutation ratio than DOG1-negative cells (p ≤ 0.05).KITgene exon 11 mutations in DOG1-positive cells was higher than DOG1-negative cells (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely,KITgene exon 13 mutations were higher in DOG1-negative cells than DOG1-positive cells (p ≤ 0.05). In this study,KITmutation frequency was found similar with the European population; conversely,PDGFRAmutation frequency was similar with an Asian-Chinese-based study.KIT/PDGFRAmutations and tumor location can be used for the prediction of tumor behavior and the management of disease in GISTs. DOG1 positivity might be a candidate marker to supportKITandPDGFRAmutations, due to the higher DOG1 positivity inKITexon 11 mutant and stomach- and small intestine-localized GISTs.
ABT-737, a Bcl-2 Selective Inhibitor, and Chloroquine Synergistically Kill Renal Cancer Cells
Authors: Yin Pei , Jia Jinpeng , Li Jijun , Song Yan , Zhang Yiyan , Chen Fengkun
Published: May 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in the kidney in the world, and the 5-year overall survival for patients remains poor due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Although ABT-737, as a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, has recently emerged as a novel cancer therapeutic
reagent, apoptosis induced by ABT-737 is often blocked in several types of cancer cells. This study investigated whether the combination of the small-molecule BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine was an effective strategy for treating renal cancer cells. We found that
the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine synergistically decreased cell viability when compared to treatment with either single reagent. Cell apoptosis induced by a combined treatment was markedly inhibited by the caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-FMK and z-VAD-FMK. It was also inhibited by cathepsin
inhibitor E-64 and CTSI (cathepsin inhibitor), which suggested that apoptosis was dependent on the cascade of caspase activation and cathepsins released from lysosomes. Furthermore, we found that ABT-737 could increase the cell level of ROS, which triggers cathepsin-mediated cell death and
augments the role of chloroquine in cell death. So the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine was an effective strategy for the treatment of renal cancer cells, and this combined strategy may widen the therapeutic window of ABT-737 and chloroquine as well as enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
De l’importance de la psychologie collective dans les sciences sociales : Serge Moscovici et les passions humaines
Authors: Rabot Jean-Martin
Published: May 2016

L’œuvre de Moscovici se résume à une tentative de rapprochement du psychique et du social, ne serait-ce que parce que la rationalité et l’irrationalité sont transversales aux comportements individuels et à l’activité sociale. En ce sens, l’individu n’est pas plus du ressort de la seule psychologie que la société ne l’est de la seule sociologie. Simplifier la réalité reviendrait à simplifier la connaissance de celle-ci. La psycho-sociologie de Moscovici nous invite donc à prendre en compte l’homme dans sa complétude, en tant que mixte de logique et de sentiments, de raison et de passions. On comprendra alors l’importance du paradigme écologique dans les sciences sociales comme forme de compréhension de ce qui relie l’homme à une entité plus vaste, le renvoyant aussi bien à la nature et à son ascendance animale qu’à la technique et à sa destinée post-humaine.
La réception écologique de la Nature chez Serge Moscovici
Authors: Houdayer Hélène
Published: May 2016

Cet article met en avant l’apport de la pensée de Serge Moscovici dans la compréhension des formes sociales liées à l’écologie et plus particulièrement aux éléments naturels. L’épistémologie qu’il nous propose est de type initiatique et révèle nos manières d’être dans la nature. Elle privilégie une pensée par le milieu qui considère l’implication des personnes. Deux formes se dégagent : la première est caractéristique d’une approche romantique des formes de la nature tandis que la seconde articule la défense des cadres de vie au processus de socialisation. Toutes deux sont considérées comme des manières de promouvoir une vision écologique du milieu. Pour ce faire, les groupes déploient des relations de proximité et s’approprient les valeurs environnementales sous forme esthétique et éthique leur permettant de valoriser la nature et de s’interroger sur les conditions de la résistance écologique.
Les noms d’évaluation de comportement
Authors: Paykin Katia , Tayalati Fayssal , Van de Velde Danièle
Published: May 2016

L’article explore les propriétés sémantico-syntaxiques de noms correspondant à des adjectifs d’évaluation de comportement (AEC), tels que amabilité , imprudence et courage . Même s’il s’agit de noms qui dénotent des qualités attribuées sur la base d’un comportement, certaines des propriétés syntaxiques de ces noms révèlent que la relation des qualités au comportement n’est pas uniforme, et nous conduisent à poser, en plus des deux classes de noms correspondant aux deux classes d’AEC ( amabilité vs. imprudence ) précédemment établies, l’existence d’(au moins) une troisième classe sémantique : celle des noms liés à des adjectifs comme courageux . La répartition que nous choisissons se justifie par la nature du rapport qui unit les qualités liées à des comportements à ces comportements eux-mêmes : les unes ( amabilité , imprudence ) ont à l’action un rapport essentiel et le sujet évaluateur ne fait que les en déduire. Les autres qualités ( courage ), tout en étant liées étroitement à l’action, ont néanmoins une existence autonome, et sont visées comme des préalables à l’action.
Chaînes de référence : la deuxième mention. L’exemple des entités inanimées dans les narrations littéraires
Authors: Salles Mathilde
Published: May 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de souligner l’influence de certains facteurs sur le choix référentiel. Après avoir présenté différentes positions prises en considération dans les études antérieures sur les chaînes de référence, nous nous consacrerons à la deuxième mention d’un référent dans ces chaînes et tenterons de mesurer les influences respectives de facteurs aussi divers que le genre de texte, les relations de cohérence, la nature ontologique du référent, sa saillance dans le discours et son mode de présentation initiale, sur le mode de réalisation de la deuxième mention. Deux facteurs, auxquels les autres peuvent être reliés, seront mis en avant : la saillance du référent dans le discours et les relations de cohérence qui s’établissent entre les phrases et propositions dans lesquelles ce référent est mentionné.
A Study on Career Plateauing, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Taiwan-Based Expatriates: A Holistic Approach to International Mobility
Authors: Badiane Kemo
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this research was to examine relationships among Career Plateauing, Organizational Commitment and Organization Citizenship Behavior. Two dimensions of career plateauing were measured subjectively from Milliman. Organizational commitment was measured using measures from Meyer and Allen. Organizational citizenship behavior was measured using the tools developed by Organ. Online and pen-and-paper based surveys were used to collect data. Mean, Standard Deviation, t-Test, Analysis of Variance, and Pearson's Correlation were used to analyze data; a total of 102 questionnaires were collected. The findings summarized as follows: Career plateauing and job content plateauing were significantly and negatively correlated with affective commitment, but not continuous commitment. The strength of the correlation is medium. Career plateauing was not significantly correlated with Organizational Citizenship. Significant and negative correlation was found between Sportsmanship and Continuous Commitment. Significant and positive correlation found between Courtesy and Affective Commitment. The strength of the correlations was low.
Evaluación micológica en bosques de roble en el paisaje terrestre protegido “Miraflor-Moropotente” del municipio de Estelí- Nicaragua
Authors: Vargas Fuentes Juan Carlos , Gribal Josep
Published: May 2016

El presente estudio analiza los patrones de diversidad y distribución de macrohongos en el área protegida de Miraflor – Moropotente de Estelí-Nicaragua; teniendo como principales variables la altura y el estado de conservación de los bosques de roble de la zona (Quercus segoviensis y Quercus sapotaefolia), esto a fin de relacionar si las variables descritas inciden en la presencia o no de macrohongos, se designaron un total de 12 áreas de muestreos y se aplicaron diferentes índices de diversidad como son el índice de Shannon, Simpson y Sorensen para valorar la diversidad a niveles alfa y beta. Se encontraron 31 familias que agrupan 55 géneros con 85 morfoespecies; que significaron un total de 1722 individuos distribuidos en las diferentes áreas de muestreo. Podemos decir que en base a los resultados no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a la diversidad de macrohongos tomando en cuenta las variables antes descritas.
Proceso de Producción y Exportación que realiza la empresa de tabacos A.J. FERNANDEZ en el periodo 2013
Authors: Castillo Benavides Carmen María , Rivera Soto Yaser Eduardo , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: May 2016

En el presente estudio investigativo se realizó una evaluación sobre el proceso de producción y exportación que realiza la Empresa de Tabacos A.J. FERNANDEZ en el segundo semestre 2013. Esta investigación es cualitativa, aborda a profundidad el proceso de producción y exportación realizada por dicha empresa. Las principales recomendaciones para la empresa procesadora de tabacos se enfocan en el seguimiento al proceso de administración en las actividades de producción y exportación, así como velar por el cumplimiento de las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM).
On the forward‐backward‐in‐time approach for Monte Carlo solution of Parker's transport equation: One‐dimensional case
Authors: Bobik P. , Boschini M. J. , Della Torre S. , Gervasi M. , Grandi D. , La Vacca G. , Pensotti S. , Putis M. , Rancoita P. G. , Rozza D. , Tacconi M. , Zannoni M.
Published: May 2016

The cosmic rays propagation inside the heliosphere is well described by a transport equation introduced by Parker in 1965. To solve this equation, several approaches were followed in the past. Recently, a Monte Carlo approach became widely used in force of its advantages with respect to other numerical methods. In this approach the transport equation is associated to a fully equivalent set of stochastic differential equations (SDE). This set is used to describe the stochastic path of quasi‐particle from a source, e.g., the interstellar space, to a specific target, e.g., a detector at Earth. We present a comparison of forward‐in‐time and backward‐in‐time methods to solve the cosmic rays transport equation in the heliosphere. The Parker equation and the related set of SDE in the several formulations are treated in this paper. For the sake of clarity, this work is focused on the one‐dimensional solutions. Results were compared with an alternative numerical solution, namely, Crank‐Nicolson method, specifically developed for the case under study. The methods presented are fully consistent each others for energy greater than 400 MeV. The comparison between stochastic integrations and Crank‐Nicolson allows us to estimate the systematic uncertainties of Monte Carlo methods. The forward‐in‐time stochastic integrations method showed a systematic uncertainty <5%, while backward‐in‐time stochastic integrations method showed a systematic uncertainty <1% in the studied energy range.
Climatology and ENSO‐related interannual variability of gravity waves in the Southern Hemisphere subtropical stratosphere revealed by high‐resolution AIRS observations
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Tsuchiya Chikara , Alexander M. Joan , Hoffmann Lars
Published: May 2016

A new temperature retrieval from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder with a fine horizontal resolution of 13.5 km was used to examine gravity wave (GW) characteristics in the austral summer at an altitude of 39 km in the subtropical stratosphere over 8 years from 2003/2004 to 2010/2011. Using an S transform method, GW components were extracted, and GW variances, horizontal wave numbers, and their orientations were determined at each grid point and time. Both climatology and interannual variability of the GW variance were large in the subtropical South Pacific. About 70% of the interannual variation in the GW variance there was regressed to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. The regression coefficient exhibits a geographical distribution similar to that of the precipitation. In contrast, the regression coefficient of the GW variance to the quasi‐biennial oscillation of the equatorial lower stratosphere was not significant in the South Pacific. These results indicate that the interannual variability of GW variance in the South Pacific is controlled largely by the convective activity modulated by the ENSO. An interesting feature is that the GW variance is maximized slightly southward of the precipitation maximum. Possible mechanisms causing the latitudinal difference are (1) dense distribution of islands, which effectively radiate GWs with long vertical wavelengths, to the south of the precipitation maximum; (2) selective excitation of southward propagating GWs in the northward vertical wind shear in the troposphere; and (3) southward refraction of GWs in the latitudinal shear of background zonal wind in the stratosphere.