bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferrocene Bis(Sulfonate) Salt as Redoxmer for Fast and Steady Redox Flow Desalination
Authors: Xie Rongxuan , Schrage Briana R. , Jiang Junhua , Ziegler Christopher J. , Peng Zhenmeng
Published: May 2024

Desalination is considered a promising solution to alleviate water shortages, yet current methods are often restricted, due to challenges like high energy consumption, significant cost, or limited desalination capacity. In this study, we present a novel approach of redox flow desalination (RFD) utilizing the highly aqueous-soluble and reversible redox-active compound, potassium 1,1′-bis(sulfonate) ferrocene (1,1′-FcDS). This water-soluble organic compound yielded stable and rapid desalination, sustaining extended operation without notable decay and achieving an impressive desalination rate of up to 457.5 mmol·h−1·m−2 and energy consumption as low as 40.2 kJ·molNaCl−1. Specifically, the RFD device effectively desalinated a 50 mM NaCl solution to potable standards within 6000 s using 1,1′-FcDS. It maintained an average energy consumption of 178.16 kJ·molNaCl−1 and exhibited negligible deterioration in desalination rate, energy efficiency, and charge efficiency throughout a rigorous 12,000 s cycling test. Furthermore, the versatility of this method was demonstrated by effectively treating saline water with varying initial concentrations from 10 mM to 50 mM, showcasing its potential across a broad spectrum of applications.
New Triazole-Isoxazole Hybrids as Antibacterial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Bouzammit Rachid , Belchkar Salim , El fadili Mohamed , Kanzouai Youssra , Mujwar Somdutt , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Chalkha Mohammed , Nakkabi Asmae , Bakhouch Mohamed , Gal Emese , Gaina Luiza Ioana , al houari Ghali
Published: May 2024

Novel isoxazole–triazole conjugates have been efficiently synthesized using 3-formylchromone as starting material according to a multi-step synthetic approach. The structures of the target conjugates and intermediate products were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS). The all-synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against three ATCC reference strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-44, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as well as one strain isolated from the hospital environment Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The findings indicate that conjugate 7b exhibits a stronger antibacterial response against the tested Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic strains compared to the standard antibiotics. Furthermore, hybrid compound 7b proved to have a bactericidal action on the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain, as evidenced by the results of the MBC determination. Moreover, the ADMET pharmacokinetic characteristics revealed a favorable profile for the examined compound, as well as a good level of oral bioavailability. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the inhibition mechanism and binding energies of conjugate 7b with the proteins of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. The in silico results corroborated the data observed in the in vitro evaluation for compound 7b.
Effect of Organic Acid-Aided Extraction on Characteristics and Functional Properties of Pectin from Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Prabsangob Nopparat , Hangsalad Sasithorn , Harnsilawat Thepkunya
Published: May 2024

The extraction of cannabinoids from the inflorescence and leaves of Cannabis sativa L. is gaining interest from researchers, in addition to addressing the under-utilization of the by-products in the stems and roots of the trees. The present study investigated the recovery of pectin from the left-over parts of hemp tress using an eco-friendly method with the aid of organic acids. Different cannabis cultivars—Chalotte’s Angels (CHA) and Hang-Krarog (HKR)—were used as plant materials. The stems of both cannabis cultivars contained more pectin than the roots, and tartaric acid-aided extraction provided higher yields than from citric acid. Extracting the acid solution affected some characteristics, thereby differentiating the functional properties of the derived pectin. Extraction using tartaric acid provided pectin with a higher galacturonic acid content, whereas pectin with a higher methylation degree could be prepared using citric acid. The pectin samples extracted from the stems of CHA (P-CHA) and HKR (P-HKR) had low methoxyl pectin. P-CHA had better free radical scavenging capability, whereas P-HKR showed more potent reducibility. Considering the functional properties, P-CHA showed greater emulsion formability and foaming activity, whereas P-HKR possessed a better thickening effect. The present work suggests the feasible utilization of P-CHA and P-HKR as food additives with bioactivity.
Material Composition Characteristics of Aspergillus cristatus under High Salt Stress through LC–MS Metabolomics
Authors: Xie Luyi , Zhou Lihong , Zhang Rongrong , Zhou Hang , Yang Yi
Published: May 2024

Aspergillus cristatus is a crucial edible fungus used in tea fermentation. In the industrial fermentation process, the fungus experiences a low to high osmotic pressure environment. To explore the law of material metabolism changes during osmotic pressure changes, NaCl was used here to construct different osmotic pressure environments. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) combined with multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the distribution and composition of A. cristatus under different salt concentrations. At the same time, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated. The LC–MS metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences between three A. cristatus mycelium samples grown on media with and without NaCl concentrations of 8% and 18%. The contents of gibberellin A3, A124, and prostaglandin A2 related to mycelial growth and those of arabitol and fructose-1,6-diphosphate related to osmotic pressure regulation were significantly reduced at high NaCl concentrations. The biosynthesis of energy-related pantothenol and pantothenic acid and antagonism-related fluvastatin, aflatoxin, and alternariol significantly increased at high NaCl concentrations. Several antioxidant capacities of A. cristatus mycelia were directly related to osmotic pressure and exhibited a significant downward trend with an increase in environmental osmotic pressure. The aforementioned results indicate that A. cristatus adapts to changes in salt concentration by adjusting their metabolite synthesis. At the same time, a unique set of strategies was developed to cope with high salt stress, including growth restriction, osmotic pressure balance, oxidative stress response, antioxidant defense, and survival competition.
A Convenient In Situ Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4–Anatase Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photocatalysis/Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Ke-Xian , Li Cai-Hong , Shi Hao-Yan , Chen Rui , She Ao-Sheng , Yang Yang , Jiang Xia , Chen Yan-Xin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: May 2024

This study details the rational design and synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)-doped anatase (A) heterostructures, utilizing earth-abundant elements to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting. A one-step hydrothermal method was employed to fabricate a series of CZTS–A heterojunctions. As the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) varied, the morphology of CZTS shifted from floral patterns to sheet-like structures. The resulting CZTS–A heterostructures underwent comprehensive characterization through photoelectrochemical response assessments, optical measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations demonstrated notable enhancements in photocurrent density and incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE). Compared to pure anatase electrodes, the optimized CZTS–A heterostructures exhibited a seven-fold increase in photocurrent density and reached a hydrogen production efficiency of 1.1%. Additionally, the maximum H2 production rate from these heterostructures was 11-times greater than that of pure anatase and 250-times higher than the original CZTS after 2 h of irradiation. These results underscore the enhanced PEC performance of CZTS–A heterostructures, highlighting their potential as highly efficient materials for solar water splitting. Integrating Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles (NPs) within TiO2 (anatase) heterostructures implied new avenues for developing earth-abundant and cost-effective photocatalytic systems for renewable energy applications.
The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks
Authors: Lian Wenhui , Yang Xu , Duan Qidong , Li Jie , Zhao Yuting , Yu Chunhui , He Tianzhu , Sun Tianxia , Zhao Yu , Wang Weinan
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a cluster of conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Despite significant advancements in understanding these diseases, therapeutic options remain limited. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized for its comprehensive array of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which possess potential neuroprotective properties. This literature review collates and examines the existing research on the bioactivity of active compounds and extracts from Ganoderma lucidum in modulating the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The structural information and preparation processes of specific components, such as individual ganoderic acids and unique fractions of polysaccharides, are presented in detail to facilitate structure–activity relationship research and scale up the investigation of in vivo pharmacology. The mechanisms of these components against neurodegenerative diseases are discussed on multiple levels and elaborately categorized in different patterns. It is clearly presented from the patterns that most polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum possess neurotrophic effects, while ganoderic acids preferentially target specific pathogenic proteins as well as regulating autophagy. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess the translational potential of these components in the development of novel multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes
Authors: Chen Hongjuan , Tang Zilong , Yang Yewen , Hao Yuanqiang , Chen Wansong
Published: May 2024

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between “on” and “off” states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.
A Review of Macrocycles Applied in Electrochemical Energy Storge and Conversion
Authors: Zhu Qijian , Fu Danfei , Ji Qing , Yang Zhongjie
Published: May 2024

Macrocycles composed of diverse aromatic or nonaromatic structures, such as cyclodextrins (CDs), calixarenes (CAs), cucurbiturils (CBs), and pillararenes (PAs), have garnered significant attention due to their inherent advantages of possessing cavity structures, unique functional groups, and facile modification. Due to these distinctive features enabling them to facilitate ion insertion and extraction, form crosslinked porous structures, offer multiple redox-active sites, and engage in host–guest interactions, macrocycles have made huge contributions to electrochemical energy storage and conversion (EES/EEC). Here, we have summarized the recent advancements and challenges in the utilization of CDs, CAs, CBs, and PAs as well as other novel macrocycles applied in EES/EEC devices. The molecular structure, properties, and modification strategies are discussed along with the corresponding energy density, specific capacity, and cycling life properties in detail. Finally, crucial limitations and future research directions pertaining to these macrocycles in electrochemical energy storage and conversion are addressed. It is hoped that this review is able to inspire interest and enthusiasm in researchers to investigate macrocycles and promote their applications in EES/EEC.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Petiveria alliacea L. Phytochemicals: A Computational Study on Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2’s Main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Ali Md. Ahad , Sheikh Humaira , Yaseen Muhammad , Faruqe Md Omar , Ullah Ihsan , Kumar Neeraj , Bhat Mashooq Ahmad , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: May 2024

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, is still a critical risk factor for both human life and the global economy. Although, several promising therapies have been introduced in the literature to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, most of them are synthetic drugs that may have some adverse effects on the human body. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to carry out an in-silico investigation into the medicinal properties of Petiveria alliacea L. (P. alliacea L.)-mediated phytocompounds for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections since phytochemicals have fewer adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs. To explore potential phytocompounds from P. alliacea L. as candidate drug molecules, we selected the infection-causing main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 as the receptor protein. The molecular docking analysis of these receptor proteins with the different phytocompounds of P. alliacea L. was performed using AutoDock Vina. Then, we selected the three top-ranked phytocompounds (myricitrin, engeletin, and astilbin) as the candidate drug molecules based on their highest binding affinity scores of −8.9, −8.7 and −8.3 (Kcal/mol), respectively. Then, a 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was performed for their complexes with Mpro using YASARA software, computed RMSD, RMSF, PCA, DCCM, MM/PBSA, and free energy landscape (FEL), and found their almost stable binding performance. In addition, biological activity, ADME/T, DFT, and drug-likeness analyses exhibited the suitable pharmacokinetics properties of the selected phytocompounds. Therefore, the results of this study might be a useful resource for formulating a safe treatment plan for SARS-CoV-2 infections after experimental validation in wet-lab and clinical trials.
Potential Large-Scale CO2 Utilisation for Salicylic Acid Production via a Suspension-Based Kolbe–Schmitt Reaction in Toluene
Authors: Mohammad Omar , Onwudili Jude A. , Yuan Qingchun
Published: May 2024

Conversion of CO2 into organic chemicals offers a promising route for advancing the circularity of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage in line with the international 2050 Net Zero agenda. The widely known commercialised chemical fixation of CO2 into organic chemicals is the century-old Kolbe–Schmitt reaction, which carboxylates phenol (via sodium phenoxide) into salicylic acid. The carboxylation reaction is normally carried out between the gas–solid phases in a batch reactor. The mass and heat transfer limitations of such systems require rather long reaction times and a high pressure of CO2 and are often characterised by the low formation of undesirable side products. To address these drawbacks, a novel suspension-based carboxylation method has been designed and carried out in this present study, where sodium phenoxide is dispersed in toluene to react with CO2. Importantly, the addition of phenol played a critical role in promoting the stoichiometric conversion of phenoxide to salicylic acid. Under the optimal conditions of a phenol/phenoxide molar ratio of 2:1 in toluene, a reaction temperature of 225 °C, a CO2 pressure of 30 bar, a reaction time of 2 h, and stirring at 1000 rpm, an impressive salicylic acid molar yield of 92.68% has been achieved. The reaction mechanism behind this has been discussed. This development provides us with the potential to achieve a carboxylation reaction of phenoxide with CO2 more effectively in a continuous reactor. It can also facilitate the large-scale fixing of CO2 into hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids, which can be used as green organic chemical feedstocks for making various products, including long-lived polymeric materials.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Thickening and Solubility Properties of Novel Thickener in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Liang Shiwei , Zhang Qihong , Wang Tianjiao , Zhang Xiao
Published: May 2024

Supercritical CO2 has wide application in enhancing oil recovery, but the low viscosity of liquid CO2 can lead to issues such as poor proppant-carrying ability and high filtration loss. Therefore, the addition of thickening agents to CO2 is vital. Hydrocarbon polymers, as a class of green and sustainable materials, hold tremendous potential for acting as thickeners in supercritical CO2 systems, and PVAc is one of the best-performing hydrocarbon thickeners. To further improve the viscosity enhancement and solubility of PVAc, here we designed a novel polymer structure, PVAO, by introducing CO2-affine functional groups to PVAc. Molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to analyze viscosity and relevant solubility parameters systematically. We found that PVAO exhibits superior performance, with a viscosity enhancement of 1.5 times that of PVAc in supercritical CO2. While in the meantime, PVAO maintains better solubility characteristics than PVAc. Our findings offer insights for the future design of other high-performance polymers.
High-Throughput Micro-Combinatorial TEM Phase Mapping of the DC Magnetron Sputtered YxTi1−xOy Thin Layer System
Authors: Olasz Dániel , Kis Viktória , Cora Ildikó , Németh Miklós , Sáfrán György
Published: May 2024

High-throughput methods are extremely important in today’s materials science, especially in the case of thin film characterization. The micro-combinatorial method enables the deposition and characterization of entire multicomponent thin film systems within a single sample. In this paper, we report the application of this method for the comprehensive TEM characterization of the Y-Ti-O layer system. Variable composition samples (YxTi1−xOy) were prepared by dual DC magnetron sputtering, covering the entire (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) concentration range. The structure and morphology of phases formed in both as-deposited and annealed samples at 600, 700, and 800 °C were revealed as a function of Y-Ti composition (x). A comprehensive map showing the appropriate amorphous and crystalline phases, and their occurrence regions of the whole Y-Ti-O layer system, was revealed. Thanks to the applied method, it was shown with ease that at the given experimental conditions, the Y2Ti2O7 phase with a pyrochlore structure forms already at 700 °C without the TiO2 and Y2O3 by-phases, which is remarkably lower than the required temperature for most physical preparation methods, demonstrating the importance and benefits of creating phase maps in materials science and technology.
Termiticidal Effects and Morpho-Histological Alterations in the Subterranean Termite (Odontotermes formosanus) Induced by Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, and Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Nasser Raghda , Ibrahim Ezzeldin , Fouad Hatem , Ahmad Farhan , Li Wuhan , Zhou Qihuan , Yu Ting , Chidwala Nooney , Mo Jianchu
Published: May 2024

Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in agricultural pest control as a secure substitute for pesticides. However, the effect of nanoparticles on controlling the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus (O. formosanus) has not been studied yet. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some nanomaterials in controlling O. formosanus. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) biosynthesized using the culture filtrate of Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) had an effective role in controlling O. formosanus. Moreover, the mortality rate of O. formosanus after 48 h of treatment with ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs at a 1000 µg/mL concentration was 100%, 100%, and 97.67%, respectively. Furthermore, using ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs on O. formosanus resulted in morpho-histological variations in the normal structure, leading to its death. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the Zeta potential were used to characterize the biosynthesis of ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs with strong activity against O. formosanus termites. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that biosynthesized ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs have enormous potential for use as innovative, ecologically safe pesticides for O. formosanus control.
Amorphous Fe2O3 Anchored on N-Doped Graphene with Internal Micro-Channels as an Active and Durable Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Li Hui , Liu Linxin , Yan Xunchang , Long Yunze , Han Wenpeng
Published: May 2024

The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibits outstanding electrical conductivity and a high specific surface area, making it a promising material for various applications. Fe2O3 is highly desirable due to its significant theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness, high abundance, and environmental friendliness. However, the performance of these r-GO/Fe2O3 composite electrodes still needs to be further improved, especially in terms of cycle stability. The composite of Fe2O3 anchored on N-doped graphene with inside micro-channels (Fe2O3@N-GIMC) was used to be efficiently prepared. Because the inside channels can furnish extra transmission pathways and absorption websites and the interconnected structure can efficaciously forestall pulverization and aggregation of electrode materials. In addition, N doping is also beneficial to improve its electrochemical performance. Thus, it demonstrates exceptional sodium storage characteristics, including notable electrochemical activity, impressive initial Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate performance. The optimized Fe2O3@N-GIMC indicates outstanding discharge capacity (573.5 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), significant rate performance (333.6 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1), and stable long-term cycle durability (308.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, 200.8 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1) as a sodium-ion battery anode. This presents a new approach for preparing graphene-based high-functional composites and lays a stable basis for further expanding its application field.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrochemically Deposited CuIn(Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Dondapati Hareesh , Pradhan Aswini K.
Published: May 2024

We have demonstrated a low-cost and simple method for the fabrication of large-area films using the electrodeposition technique. Fairly superior quality CuIn(Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films were deposited by a one-step electrodeposition method using a salt bath followed by annealing in an argon atmosphere at 550 °C for 1 h. The X-ray analyses demonstrate that the films are crystalline in nature, having a chalcopyrite phase. However, the conversion efficiencies are found to be lower compared to other methods. Our results indicate that CIGS films can be produced effectively via a one-step electrodeposition method. The observed morphology can have a great impact on solar cell efficiency. With suitable modifications, this simple and cheaper manufacturing process will be the best alternative method to the vacuum deposition technique for the fabrication of reliable and flexible CIGS solar cells in the near future.
Prediction of Glioma Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Based on Mutation Profile
Authors: Mestrallet Guillaume
Published: May 2024

Glioma, a highly aggressive cancer, presents a daunting prognosis, with only 5% of glioblastoma patients surviving beyond five years post diagnosis. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), while promising, often encounter limited efficacy, particularly in glioblastoma cases. Addressing this challenge requires a proactive approach to anticipate treatment response and resistance. In this study, we analyzed 117 glioma patients who underwent ICB treatment to uncover the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance. Through a meticulous examination of mutational profiles post ICB, we identified several mutations associated with varied survival outcomes. Notably, mutations such as STAG2 Missense, EGFR A289V Missense, TP53 Nonsense, and RB1 FS del were linked to prolonged overall survival, while others, including IF del, FAT1 E1206Tfs*4 FS del, PDGFRA FS del, PIK3R1 M326Vfs*6 FS del, Y463* Nonsense, NF1 Missense, and R1534*, were associated with poorer survival post ICB. Leveraging these insights, we employed machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models. Remarkably, our model accurately forecasted glioma patient survival post ICB within an error of 4 months based on their distinct mutational profiles. In conclusion, our study advocates for personalized immunotherapy approaches in glioma patients. By integrating patient-specific attributes and computational predictions, we present a promising avenue for optimizing clinical outcomes in immunotherapy.
Microbiome Taxonomic and Functional Differences in C3H/HeJ Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet with Beef Protein ± Ammonium Hydroxide Supplementation
Authors: Garrison Emily C. , Brown Amanda M. V. , Salazar McKinlee M. , Barr Benjamin , Moustaid-Moussa Naima , Gollahon Lauren S.
Published: May 2024

Studies have suggested that alkalinized foods may reduce the effects of the acidogenic Western diet in promoting obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Indeed, a recent study in mice fed a high-fat diet containing dietary beef supplemented with ammonium hydroxide showed improvement in a suite of metabolic outcomes. However, the effects of dietary protein ammonium supplementation on the microbiome remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ammonium supplementation on beef protein towards microbiome taxa and function in a high-fat diet were analyzed. Fecal microbiomes were characterized using a shotgun metagenomic approach for 16-month-old male and female mice after long-term diet treatments. The results for ammoniated diets showed that several bacteria known to be associated with health benefits increased significantly, including Romboutsia, Oscillospiraceae, and Lactococcus cremoris. The beneficial mucin-degrader Akkermansia was especially abundant, with a high prevalence (~86%) in females. Concurrently, the phyla Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were significantly reduced. While sex was a confounding factor affecting microbiome responses to ammonium supplementation in dietary protein, it is worth noting that several putatively beneficial microbiome functions increased with ammonium supplementation, such as glycine betaine transport, xenobiotic detoxification, enhanced defense, and others. Conversely, many disease-associated microbiome functions reduced. Importantly, modifying protein pH alone via ammonium supplementation induced beneficial microbiota changes. Taken together, these results suggest that ammonium-supplemented proteins may mediate some negative microbiome-associated effects of high-fat/Western diets.
Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kindlovits Raquel , Sousa Ana Catarina , Viana João Luís , Milheiro Jaime , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Marques Franklim , Santos Alejandro , Teixeira Vitor Hugo
Published: May 2024

In an increasingly aging and overweight population, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns. T2DM patients experience prejudicial effects on their bone health, affecting their physical capacity. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) have been suggested for therapeutic benefits in T2DM, improving bone mineral content (BMC) and glycemic control. This study investigated the effects of EH combined with an LCD on body composition and functional and physiologic capacity in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control group: control diet + exercise in normoxia; (2) EH group: control diet + EH; (3) intervention group: LCD + EH. Cardiopulmonary tests (BRUCE protocol), body composition (DEXA), and functional capacity (6MWT, handgrip strength) were evaluated. Body mass index (kg/m2) and body fat (%) decreased in all groups (p < 0.001). BMC (kg) increased in all groups (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in the EH and EH + LCD groups (p < 0.001). VO2peak improved in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the hypoxia groups (p = 0.019). Functional capacity was increased in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the EH group in 6MWT (p = 0.030). EH with and without an LCD is a therapeutic strategy for improving bone mass in T2DM, which is associated with cardiorespiratory and functional improvements.
Obesity, Dietary Patterns, and Hormonal Balance Modulation: Gender-Specific Impacts
Authors: Mazza Elisa , Troiano Ersilia , Ferro Yvelise , Lisso Fabrizia , Tosi Martina , Turco Ettore , Pujia Roberta , Montalcini Tiziana
Published: May 2024

Understanding the intricate relationship between nutrition, hormonal balance, and gender-specific factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate obesity-related endocrine disruptions and improve metabolic health. This narrative review examines the impact of various dietary patterns on hormonal regulation in both men and women, focusing on their effects on hormonal balance and metabolic health in the context of obesity. Calorie restriction, the Western diet, high-fat diets, low-CHO diets, plant-based diets, and the Mediterranean diet are analyzed in relation to their influence on obesity-related endocrine disruptions and metabolic health. Future research directions include investigating the specific mechanisms underlying dietary influences on hormonal regulation, addressing the gender-specific metabolic differences and body fat distribution, and exploring the dietary needs of individuals undergoing gender transition. Personalized dietary interventions tailored to individual metabolic and hormonal profiles are essential for optimizing health outcomes across the gender spectrum. By integrating gender-specific considerations into dietary recommendations, healthcare professionals can better support individuals in achieving optimal metabolic health and hormonal balance.
The Association between Sarcopenic Obesity and DXA-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) in Adults
Authors: De Lorenzo Antonino , Itani Leila , El Ghoch Marwan , Frank Giulia , De Santis Gemma Lou , Gualtieri Paola , Di Renzo Laura
Published: May 2024

Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0–32.4) kg/m2 and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0–54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5–677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0–1007.0) g; p < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.004; p < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
Exploring the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Otosclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farsi Soroush , Pearce Alexa N. , Goodman Emily , Patel Siddharth , King Deanne , Dornhoffer John , Saadi Robert
Published: May 2024

Objective: The primary objective of this research is to conduct a systematic review of the available studies and evidence to determine if there is a significant relationship between otosclerosis and psychiatric disorders. By critically evaluating the existing data, this study aims to provide insights into the potential interplay between these medical conditions. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Ebsco, Proquest, and Web of Science Review Methods: PubMed, Embase, Ebsco, Proquest, and Web of Science databases were queried for original English articles from 1950 to 2023. This review was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The publications were screened by two independent viewers. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality instrument was used to assess the quality of studies. Results: Initially, 153 abstracts were screened for eligibility. After a rigorous selection process, five studies met the criteria, collectively encompassing 262 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis. The reported mean ages ranged from 25 to 52 years. A combined assessment of psychiatric disorder rates among otosclerosis patients revealed a rate of 36%. Depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia were the most common mental illnesses reported in all six studies. One of the studies specifically examined psychiatric disorder rates before and after stapedectomy, revealing a statistically significant decrease in depressive and anxiety-related symptoms following the surgical intervention. Conclusions: This systematic review emphasizes the emerging evidence connecting otosclerosis with psychiatric disorders and underscores the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach to assess and manage otosclerosis patients.
Special Issue “Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Phosphorus-Containing Compounds”
Authors: Olszewski Tomasz K.
Published: May 2024

Organophosphorus compounds, due to their interesting physicochemical properties, have found wide applications in many important areas of the chemical industry, such as the synthesis of utility chemicals [...]
Low Plasma Lipids Are Associated with Relapsing and Lethal Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Silva Renata V. S. , Uliana Silvia R. B. , Yasunaka Jenicer K. U. Y. , Veloso Cláudio S. , Sousa Emille , Ferreira Maria M. L. , Carvalho Vivianne S. , Ferreira Gabriel R. , Costa Dorcas L. , Costa Carlos H. N.
Published: May 2024

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani infection. This study investigated whether host factors would explain the relapses. First, susceptibility to amphotericin B of L. infantum isolates was evaluated in vitro. Then, clinical data and the lipid profile of patients with relapsing and non-relapsing VL were assessed. Susceptibility to amphotericin B was similar between the isolates. CD4+ lymphocytes were reduced in both groups of patients in the first episode and with relapsing VL. Still, the strongest blood cell indicator associated with relapses was low total lymphocyte counts. Total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and, uniquely, triglycerides of the six individuals in the first episode and twenty-three with relapsing VL were lower in relapsing patients than those in the first episode. Deceased patients had extremely low low-density lipoprotein. After CD4+ decreases, lymphocyte CD8+ reduction is the final stage of immunological failure. The lower lipid concentrations appear to be secondary to the depletion of fat stores by inflammation-induced cachexia and fat exhaustion provoked by the co-occurrence of both diseases, which can finally lead to death.
Correction: Plyasova et al. Penetration into Cancer Cells via Clathrin-Dependent Mechanism Allows L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum to Inhibit Telomerase. Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 286
Authors: Plyasova Anna A. , Pokrovskaya Marina V. , Lisitsyna Olga M. , Pokrovsky Vadim S. , Alexandrova Svetlana S. , Hilal Abdullah , Sokolov Nikolay N. , Zhdanov Dmitry D.
Published: May 2024

In the original publication [...]
PET Imaging of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with a Fluorine-18 Labeled Tryptophan Radiotracer
Authors: Yue Xuyi , Stauff Erik , Boyapati Shriya , Langhans Sigrid A. , Xu Wenqi , Makrogiannis Sokratis , Okorie Uchenna J. , Okorie Azubuike M. , Kandula Vinay V. R. , Kecskemethy Heidi H. , Nikam Rahul M. , Averill Lauren W. , Shaffer Thomas H.
Published: May 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder. Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) are benign tumors commonly formed in patients with NF1. PNFs have a high incidence of developing into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with a 5-year survival rate of only 30%. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of MPNSTs from benign PNFs are critical to patient management. We studied a fluorine-18 labeled tryptophan positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (L-[18F]FETrp), to detect NF1-associated tumors in an animal model. An ex vivo biodistribution study of L-[18F]FETrp showed a similar tracer distribution and kinetics between the wild-type and triple mutant mice with the highest uptake in the pancreas. Bone uptake was stable. Brain uptake was low during the 90-min uptake period. Static PET imaging at 60 min post-injection showed L-[18F]FETrp had a comparable tumor uptake with [1⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). However, L-[18F]FETrp showed a significantly higher tumor-to-brain ratio than FDG (n = 4, p < 0.05). Sixty-minute-long dynamic PET scans using the two radiotracers showed similar kidney, liver, and lung kinetics. A dysregulated tryptophan metabolism in NF1 mice was further confirmed using immunohistostaining. L-[18F]FETrp is warranted to further investigate differentiating malignant NF1 tumors from benign PNFs. The study may reveal the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target for treating NF1.
Clinical and Family Implications of Cannabidiol (CBD)-Dominant Full-Spectrum Phytocannabinoid Extract in Children and Adolescents with Moderate to Severe Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): An Observational Study on Neurobehavioral Management
Authors: Mazza Jeanne Alves de Souza , Ferreira Lisiane Seguti , Martins-Vieira Alice de Faria , Beserra Doris Day Lopes , Rodrigues Victor Alves , Malcher-Lopes Renato , Caixeta Fabio V.
Published: May 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication and behavior. Current pharmacological options are limited and feature significant side effects. In this study, we conducted a retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional cohort study to evaluate the effects of Cannabidiol (CBD)-dominant, full-spectrum cannabis extract, containing Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a ratio of 33:1 (CBD:THC), on non-syndromic children and adolescents (5–18 years old) with moderate to severe ASD. Thirty volunteers were recruited, underwent neuropsychological evaluations and were treated with individualized doses of CBD-dominant extract. Clinical assessments were conducted by the designated clinician. Additionally, parents or caregivers were independently interviewed to assess perceived treatment effects. We found significant improvements in various symptomatic and non-symptomatic aspects of ASD, with minimal untoward effects, as reported by both clinical assessments and parental perceptions. The observed improvements included increased communicative skills, attention, learning, eye contact, diminished aggression and irritability, and an overall increase in both the patient’s and family’s quality of life. Despite its limitations, our findings suggest that treatment with full-spectrum CBD-dominant extract may be a safe and effective option for core and comorbid symptoms of ASD, and it may also increase overall quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.
Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Synergistic Antioxidant Formulations: Insights into Pharmacotechnical, Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Neacșu Sorinel Marius , Mititelu Magdalena , Ozon Emma Adriana , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Iuga Izabela Dana Maria , Manolescu Bogdan Nicolae , Petrescu Simona , Pandele Cusu Jeanina , Rusu Adriana , Surdu Vasile-Adrian , Oprea Eliza , Lupuliasa Dumitru , Popescu Ioana Andreea
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, highlighting the pressing need for effective antioxidant interventions. (2) Methods: In this study, we aimed to develop and characterise two novel antioxidant formulations, F3 and F4, as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related conditions. (3) Results: The physicochemical characterisation, preformulation analysis, formulation, preparation of filling powders for capsules, capsule content evaluation, and antioxidant activity assessment of the two novel antioxidant formulations were assessed. These formulations comprise a combination of well-established antioxidants like quercetin, biotin, coenzyme Q10, and resveratrol. Through comprehensive testing, the formulations’ antioxidant efficacy, stability, and potential synergistic interactions were evaluated. (4) Conclusions: The findings underscore the promising potential of these formulations as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related disorders and highlight the significance of antioxidant interventions in mitigating their progression.
Assembled pH-Responsive Gastric Drug Delivery Systems Based on 3D-Printed Shells
Authors: Bei Haoye , Zhao Pingping , Shen Lian , Yang Qingliang , Yang Yan
Published: May 2024

Gastric acid secretion is closely associated with the development and treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and reflux esophagitis. However, gastric acid secretion is affected by complex physiological and pathological factors, and real-time detection and control are complicated and expensive. A gastric delivery system for antacids and therapeutics in response to low pH in the stomach holds promise for smart and personalized treatment of stomach diseases. In this study, pH-responsive modular units were used to assemble various modular devices for self-regulation of pH and drug delivery to the stomach. The modular unit with a release window of 50 mm2 could respond to pH and self-regulate within 10 min, which is related to its downward floatation and internal gas production. The assembled devices could stably float downward in the medium and detach sequentially at specific times. The assembled devices loaded with antacids exhibited smart pH self-regulation under complex physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, the assembled devices loaded with antacids and acid suppressors could multi-pulse or prolong drug release after rapid neutralization of gastric acid. Compared with traditional coating technology, 3D printing can print the shell layer by layer, flexibly adjust the internal and external structure and composition, and assemble it into a multi-level drug release system. Compared with traditional coating, 3D-printed shells have the advantage of the flexible adjustment of internal and external structure and composition, and are easy to assemble into a complex drug delivery system. This provides a universal and flexible strategy for the personalized treatment of diseases with abnormal gastric acid secretion, especially for delivering acid-unstable drugs.
Ultra-Sensitive Refractive Index Sensing Based on Quasi-BICs in All-Dielectric Nanorod Array
Authors: Zhao Yuefeng , Wu Zhenghua , Feng Zhihao , Ning Tingyin
Published: May 2024

We propose an all-dielectric nanorod array for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs). The nanorod is fabricated by silicon or silicon with an air hole, i.e., the hollow silicon nanorod. The quasi-BICs are formed in the hollow silicon nanorod array due to the symmetry-breaking of air holes. The high-quality factor (Q-factor) and ultra-narrow reflectance spectral width at quasi-BICs contribute to high performances of the sensor. The numerical results show that the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) can reach up to 602.9 nm/RIU and 34,977, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed nanostructures of quasi-BICs are promising for advanced biosensing applications.
The Designed Phase Mask for Suppressing the Inter-Pixel Crosstalk Noise in Intensity-Modulated Multilevel Holographic Data Storage Systems
Authors: Nonaka Takuya , Hirayama Soki , Shimura Tsutomu , Fujimura Ryushi
Published: May 2024

Intensity-modulated signals have the advantage of being directly detectable by the image sensor but have the drawback that the signal quality is easily deteriorated by crosstalk noise, in contrast to phase-modulated signals. In order to suppress the crosstalk noise, we propose a new signal arrangement for multilevel intensity-modulated signals. The concept of our method is to reduce the number of adjacent pixels that are a source of inter-pixel crosstalk noise and to minimize intensity modulation owing to interference with crosstalk noise. We have numerically and experimentally demonstrated that our method can reduce the error rate and improve the recording density compared to the conventional signal arrangement. Our proposed method offers a promising solution for achieving higher recording densities in intensity-modulated holographic data storage systems.